Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesiodens: A Radiographic Study Among the Children of Bijapur, India

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence and the radiographic characteristics of mesiodens in children of Bijapur, North Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: The study was based on radiographic review of 2318 children who visited the department of oral medicine and radiology during the period of March 2009 to March 2011. Radiographic characteristic of mesiodens including the number, shape, position, direction of crown and complication caused by mesiodens were recorded. Results: It was found that among the total screened children 0.77% had mesiodens. Among 18 children, four had two mesiodens and rest had one each. Majority of mesiodens had vertically directed crown, 77.3% had conical shape 63.6% were erupted. The most common complication caused by the mesiodens was midline diastema. Conclusion: Prevalence of mesiodens among the total screened children was found to be 0.77%. Conical shape and vertical orientation were common characteristics with midline diastema being the most common complication.
An optimization approach for deployment of intelligent transportation systems wrong-way driving countermeasures

Abstract The nature of wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes on limited access facilities makes it difficult for agencies to combat them effectively. WWD countermeasures equipped with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies, such as warning lights and detection devices, have been proven to reduce WWD. However, agencies often cannot deploy these ITS countermeasures at all exit ramps due to their expense. This paper discusses an innovative WWD countermeasure optimization approach to help agencies identify the optimal deployment locations based on available resources. The approach consists of a WWD crash risk (WWCR) model and a WWD countermeasures optimization algorithm. The WWCR model uses non-crash WWD events, interchange designs, and traffic volumes to predict the number of WWD crashes on multi-exit segments of limited access facilities. Then, the optimization algorithm uses the model results to identify the best exits for ITS countermeasure deployment based on WWCR reduction, available resources, and other applicable constraints. This approach was applied to the Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise (FTE) toll road network. Twenty-four segments were identified as WWD hotspots due to high WWCR. Three different optimization scenarios were tested to show how different constraints affect the results. These scenarios resulted in 38% to 41% of the maximum possible WWCR reduction by equipping only 39 of the 196 FTE ramps (20%) and could help FTE better utilize its investment by 36% compared to only equipping ramps in the identified 24 WWD hotspots. Other agencies could personalize this approach based on their available resources, and preferred WWD countermeasures to achieve similar benefits.
Laser Induced Nano and Micro Structures of Molybdenum Surface Applied in Multistage Depressed Collector for Secondary Electron Suppression

The laser processing molybdenum metal surface method was first proposed to enhance the efficiency of multistage depressed collectors (MDCs). In this study, the secondary electron yield (SEY), surface geometrical morphologies and chemical states of laser processed Mo metal samples were characterized. For the first time, the effects of laser parameters and incident angle of primary electrons on the SEY property of laser induced nano and micro structures of molybdenum surface were investigated. The influence rule of laser processing patterns, power, pitch spacing, scanning speed on surface morphologies and SEY were systematically explored. A maximum SEY of laser processed Mo metal less than one was achieved. The Mo 3d and O 1s core level spectra of Mo metal before and after laser processing were analyzed in this study. Furthermore, the corresponding oxidation states of Mo as well as the relative distribution were elucidated.
EMERGENCY WARDS AND PATIENTS' SATISFACTION LEVEL OF THEIR PATIENTS AND FAMILIES

In all organization that medical services are offered, the fundamental of activity must be based on meeting the needs of the help seekers, so, these kind of institution should be evaluated continuously from the point of their abilities to provide the clients with proper services So, in order to determine the satisfaction level of the patients and their accompanying ones, we performed a descriptive study in which 800 patients and their visitors (400 patients and 400 visitors), all were selected through continuous sampling method filled up questionnaires. Finding showed that 80.7% of the patients were satisfied from submitted services and 19.3% of them said that they were relatively satisfied. Meanwhile, 68.7% of persons who accompanied the patients were satisfied from services, 31.3% of them showed a relatively satisfaction level. Furthermore, 38.3% of clients mentioned that they were satisfied from the facilities and equipments and 48% of them were relatively satisfied and 0.3% of them said that they were not satisfied at all. The percentages of satisfied, relatively satisfied and not satisfied for those who accompanied the patients from the point of facilities and equipments were relatively 38.3%, 50.5% and 11.3%. The results also showed that those with more than 3 times of referral were more satisfied from services (P= 0.044). The same results were found between those who referred during mornings and nights in comparison with evening shifts (P= 0.018) and it was applicable for social security insuranced patients (P= 0.044) but, there were not meaningful relations between patients and their accompanying ones from the point of their satisfaction level of medical services. Regarding the results the researcher suggest appropriate attention to the use of up to date and advanced equipments in emergency wards. Also, providing in service education for all health workers in critical units is of great importance. i
A Descriptive Profile of Physical Education Teachers and Programs in Atlantic Canada

The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which quality physical education is currently being taught in Atlantic Canada. We used survey methods to generate descriptive data indicating: (a) the backgrounds of those who teach physical education and (b) what is being taught in physical education. Our findings suggest physical education is taught by a group of mostly-white teachers with varying qualifications, interests, and experiences in teaching the subject. Further, sport experiences tend to dominate the subject matter that students engage with, at the expense of dance and gymnastics. Although some physical education programs could arguably be classified as being of a sound quality according to the national subject association, we contend that more needs to be done to present the subject as a diverse enterprise, both in terms of who teaches and what is taught in physical education.
Validation of an instrument for measuring the technology acceptance of a virtual learning environment

Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) provide platforms to make online education more convenient and affordable for learners. Although VLE are currently in great demand, their acceptance needs to be assessed. In this research, an instrument that measures the technology acceptance of a VLE is validated by applying a confirmatory factor analysis on 15 items and five factors. Results show that the overall fit of the model was satisfactory and that all correlations between the latent factors were higher than 0.48. It was found that the assessment of technology acceptance is very important, because the VLE’s success depends largely on the favorable reception of professors, researchers, and educational leaders.
What primary care wants from hospital electronic discharge summaries - a North/West Auckland perspective

Electronic discharge summaries (EDSs) are now a widely used means of transferring information about a patient’s care between secondary and primary care. This study looked at ways of improving the EDS. Themes arising from three GP focus groups held in North and West Auckland guided construction of an online questionnaire that was emailed to 277 GPs practising in the Waitemata DHB catchment, achieving a 37.5% response rate. GPs had clear and consistent views on the utility of and requirements for the EDS, relating to purpose, ownership, quality of content, and medicolegal issues. Widely held concerns about current EDSs included inaccurate information, especially medication errors, irrelevant information, especially laboratory results (creating a ‘data dump’), poor formatting, and insufficient information relating to follow-up requirements in the community. Recommendations relate to improvements in format, content quality and relevance.
The impact of positive valence and negative valence on social commerce purchase intention

Purpose New research emphasizes the importance of social communications in e-commerce purchase decision-making processes but there are many technical and social challenges such as multi-faceted trust concerns. How consumers view and value referent’s online testimonials, ratings, rants and raves, and product usage experiences remain an important factor that needs to be better understood. Social commerce as a relatively new stream in e-commerce yet is growing fast and gaining the attention of scholars and practitioners, especially due to recent revenue developments. Consistent with e-commerce websites that do not enable consumer feedback, trust is a challenging matter for consumers to consider when they visit social commerce websites. Researching trust models and influences is increasingly important especially with the proliferation of online word of mouth (WOM) strongly effecting many consumers at many different phases of social commerce purchase decision making and transacting. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study examines the effects and importance of institution-based trust and WOM within a model of consumer behaviour on social commerce websites. This research examines how trust and consumer feedback may affect consumers’ purchase intentions. This study collects data from the little-understood market of urban Iran and develops a research model to examine consumers’ purchase intentions on social commerce websites. A robust data set from urban Iran (n=512) is analyzed using partial least squares regression to analyze the proposed model. Findings The results of the analysis show that institution-based trust influences social media communication, leading to elevated purchase intention on social commerce websites. This research adds to the prior literature that espouses on the importance of consumers developing strong beliefs of vendor trust in social commerce platforms. Originality/value Explaining how consumer purchase decision making is effected by using institution-based trust and electronic WOM in a little understood Middle Eastern context an important contribution of this research. Suggestions on practical and theoretical developments of this research in the sharing commerce research stream conclude this paper.
Heuristic Algorithms for Aggregated HVAC Control via Smart Thermostats for Regulation Service

Residential HVAC control is a large untapped resource for providing regulation services to the grid. This paper presents a set of algorithms for controlling HVACs of a group of residential houses that a demand response aggregator can use to sell regulation service in the wholesale market. The focus is on the regulation market offered by the PJM RTO. Real-world regulation signals from PJM are used to simulate the performance and range of regulation services in a realistic scenario. After presenting the empirical counter example for why a universal optimal control strategy cannot exist for regulation, a set of heuristic algorithms is presented, which performs well in a range of test cases. The control mechanism involves a central controller communicating with smart thermostats of multiple residential houses to gather indoor temperature data, prioritizing them according to certain heuristics and sending on/off signals back to the thermostats to control the HVAC. The case studies indicate that the proposed heuristic algorithms can deliver the required regulation services, while adequately handling communication delays, different types of regulation signals and household’s thermal comfort requirements.
Performance Investigation on a Novel High Inductance Changing Ratio MMC-Based Direct Current System Saturated Core FCL

Large fault direct current with fast rising speed has always been a significant threat to high voltage direct current systems. Fault current limiters (FCLs) are one of the most promising solutions. However, the biased permanent magnets (PM)s in traditional FCLs have large magnetic reluctance that causes FCLs to have small inductance changing ratios when a fault occurs. In this study, a novel three-limb topology of a saturated iron core-type fault current limiter (TSFCL) is proposed and a central PM bias limb is inserted to force flux flow through this limb. Therefore, the inductance changing ratio is greatly enhanced and the steep rising trend of fault current will be restrained effectively. The operating principles and characteristics of the TSFCL are analyzed to verify the deductions. Moreover, different lengths and cross-sectional areas of the inserted PM are tested and optimization study is carried out. The results show that the clipping inductance has a 55% increase compared with a traditional two-limb model. Moreover, compared with the existing smoothing reactor and traditional two-limb model, proposed topology can decrease the fault current by 45% and 16% within 5 ms, respectively. Finally, a typical HVDC system was built and the effectiveness of proposed TSFCL was verified.
Analysis and Cancellation of Leakage Current Through Power Module Baseplate Capacitance

The fast edge rates achievable by wide-bandgap semiconductors can produce significant common-mode (CM) leakage currents through the baseplates of encompassing power modules, which are known to produce elevated electromagnetic signatures for power electronic applications. This article provides a theoretical treatment of this CM behavior for a typical silicon carbide half-bridge multichip power module in the context of an example system consisting of a half-bridge inverter. A CM equivalent model is produced that quantitatively relates the distribution of the parasitic baseplate capacitance across the module terminals to the amplitude of the leakage current through the module baseplate for the converter under study. The model predicts that this leakage current can be canceled out by achieving a prescribed distribution of said baseplate capacitance. These predictions are validated by a set of empirical studies in which the model predictions are shown to be in excellent agreement with the measured behavior of this system. Through these demonstrations, the theoretical treatment provided in this article is shown to be a useful tool to identify simple and effective means for mitigation of CM behavior within power electronic systems. As such, this approach is expected to be of significant interest to system designers seeking to optimize the performance of applications with respect to CM behavior.
The importance of gully flow modelling to urban flood simulation

ABSTRACT Urban flood simulation often ignores or simplifies the function of underground gully systems due to data and computational limitations. To discover the influence of gullies on urban flooding, a novel approach is proposed in this study, by fully-coupling a 1D gully flow model (GFM), a 1D sewer flow model (SFM), and a 2D overland flow model (OFM) to simultaneously simulate the flow exchanges between surface, gullies and sewer pipes. This fully-coupled approach is compared with a simplified approach which directly introduces surface water into sewer pipes without being via gullies. The validation results show that the fully-coupled approach considerably reduces the underestimation of flood extent by 27% compared with the simplified approach. Without considering the capacity of lateral tubes between gullies and sewer pipes, the simplified approach over-drains the surface water into sewer pipes. The modelling of gully flow is crucial for correctly evaluating the efficiency of drainage systems.
CFD Modeling of a Realistic Turbofan Blade for Noise Prediction. Part 1: Aerodynamics

Various aspects of the numerical modeling of a scale-model turbofan blade are investigated for the purpose of future noise assessment. The fan geometry considered is the baseline configuration of the “Fan Noise Source Diagnostic Test” (SDT) experimental set-up. Both Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations and Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are performed for a single rotor blade without the stator vanes and compared against the full configuration from previous works. With RANS simulations the mesh convergence is systematically studied. In the LES, two wall models and two numerical schemes are considered to evaluate the sensitivity of the boundary-layer transition to turbulence on the blade suction side. The different LES results are compared with the RANS solutions obtained using fully turbulent and transitional turbulence models. All RANS results show similar performance, whereas in the LES the no-slip wall condition gives better performance than the log-law slip wall condition. The prism layers on the hub and the shroud change the boundary layer profile upstream of the blade but do not affect the performance. On the blade, the RANS simulations show a laminar recirculation bubble whereas the LES exhibit a leading-edge vortex spiralling radially. The transitional RANS turbulence model gives the best agreement with the LES on the pressure side. The LES results are more affected by the mesh resolution than by the wall model or the numerical scheme, especially in the tip. In the wake all results show a good agreement with the experiment. Nomenclature
Evaluation and effectiveness of pain recognition and management training for staff working in learning disability services

People with learning disabilities should have their pain recognised and managed effectively. Staff training helps services to be more aware of pain and improves the range of methods used. Managers of learning disability services in Surrey were invited to attend training on pain recognition and management. After training more services used communication aids and pain recognition tools and had included information about pain in their service users’ health action plans.
Non-geometrical stochastic model for non-stationary wideband vehicular communication channels

In this study, the authors propose a new non-geometrical stochastic model (NGSM) for non-stationary wideband vehicular communication channels. To include the line-of-sight component, the proposed model first generates a non-uniformly distributed tap phase, which can be obtained from the widely used uniformly distributed tap phase. Moreover, the proposed model can practically experience variable types of Doppler spectra for different delays by modifying the autocorrelation function used in the existing NGSM. In consideration of the non-stationarity in the frequency domain of vehicular communication channels, the authors further consider that the amplitude and phase of different taps are correlated. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, they derive some significant statistical properties in terms of the power delay profile, tap correlation coefficient matrix and Doppler power spectral density. It is demonstrated that in comparison with the existing NGSMs, the proposed model possesses the ability to better mimic characteristics of real vehicular channels. Finally, the excellent agreement is achieved between the simulation results and the corresponding measured data, confirming the accuracy of the proposed model.
Efficacy of Compressive Stockings versus Electrical Stimulations in Improving Maximal Walking Distance in Peripheral Vascular Disease Patients– A comparative study

Compressive stockings with Buerger's exercise provide the required pressure and thereby improve the circulation peripherally. This aids in the reduction of ischaemic pain of the calf muscle in peripheral vascular disease patients. Electrical stimulations with Buerger's exercise are also believed to reduce pain in the peripheral vascular disease patients by improving the collateral circulation and thereby improving the blood supply.
Cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasonography versus Bishop score to predict successful labour induction in term pregnancies.

Objectives: To compare the value of transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of the cervical length versus the Bishop score, prior to induction of labour, in predicting the mode of delivery within four days. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study included 110 women (at term, singleton, vertex presentation) in whom induction of labour was performed at 37-42 weeks of gestation. Cervical length on transvaginal ultrasound and the Bishop score were assessed prior to induction according to standard protocol. Medical records were reviewed for relevant demographic and clinical data. Primary outcome criterion was successful vaginal delivery within 96 h. Univariate analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine differences between variables possibly predicting outcome. Results: Of the 110 women 66 were nulliparous and 44 multiparous. Vaginal delivery within 96 h was successful in 48 (73%) nulliparous and in 40 (91%) multiparous women ( i.e. in 80% of the total population). The overall rate of caesarean delivery was 17%. There was a significant difference between nulliparous and multiparous women in age, cervical length (mean in mm in nulliparous women: 29.31, range: 5.00-56.00; in multiparous women: 37.04, range: 12.00-56.00), Bishop score and successful induction, but no significant difference between these subgroups in neonatal outcomes. Only the Bishop score in nulliparous women showed a significant relationship between this variable and predicting successful labour induction (area under the ROC curve 0.679; standard error 0.73; p < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.536-0.823). The best cut-off value for the Bishop score was 3, with a sensitivity of 56.3% and a specificity of 72.2%. Conclusion: In this study group significant independent prediction of vaginal delivery within 96 h is provided by the Bishop score but only in nulliparous women. Transvaginal ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length is not a significant independent predictor of vaginal delivery within 96 h.
Community-acquired MRSA infection: An emerging trend

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in- fections are becoming increasingly prevalent in North America among communitypopulations.Acaseseries of prospectively identified MRSA infections in one practice in the Fraser Valley suggests that aggres- sive infections among patients with- out risk factors, including pediatric patients, are becoming more com- mon. The prevalence of MRSA infec- tions in the community has made the empiric treatment of skin and soft tissue infections more complicated, andalsosuggeststhatcultureshould be used more often as a backup to treatment.