Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Ovo Olfactory Experience Influences Post‐hatch Feeding Behaviour in Young Chickens

In several mammalian species, prenatal exposure to odours can elicit later positive consummatory behaviour in response to substrates bearing that odorant. In birds, the sense of smell has been considerably underestimated, and very little is known about the effects of early sensory experience on the regulation of feeding behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that the feeding behaviour of the domestic chicken could be regulated by olfactory learning during the embryonic life. To that end, chicken embryos were exposed to an olfactory stimulus (blend of essential oil of orange and nature identical vanillin) from embryonic day (ED) 12 to ED20, and chicks were tested between 4 and 9 d of age. In short-term choice tests, at day 4 and 5, chickens previously exposed to a low concentration (LC) of the olfactory stimulus spent a higher proportion of time eating a familiar or an unfamiliar food bearing the olfactory stimulus compared to non-exposed control chickens. Conversely, chickens previously exposed to a high concentration (HC) of the olfactory stimulus were found to avoid all foods bearing the olfactory stimulus. On a 24- h time scale at day 7-8, LC and HC birds, but not controls, ingest significantly less familiar food containing the olfactory stimulus. This result indicated a long-term effect of the early olfactory experience on feeding preferences. We demonstrated that chickens can utilize information from their pre-hatch chemosensory environment to guide their later feeding behaviour. A pre-hatch effect of the intensity of odour signals in the regulation of feeding behaviour is reported here for the first time.
Genetic divergence studies in cluster bean genotypes (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)

Forty five genotypes of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. ) representing the broad spectrum of variation from various agro-climatic conditions of India were assessed for genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 technique. The genetic material exhibited wide range of genetic divergence for all 20 characters investigated. All the genotypes were grouped into eight clusters. The cluster I constituted maximum number (32) of genotypes followed by clusters II, III, IV, V, VI and VII with two genotypes each and the cluster VIII constituted with one genotype. The cluster VII with two genotypes showed maximum intra - cluster diversity (D2 = 314.851) followed by cluster I (D2 =306.519), VI (D2=296.274), V (D2 =168.581), IV (D2 = 97.195), III (D2 = 88.390) and II (D2 =59.911). The cluster VIII had no intracluster distance (D2=0.000) as that posses single genotype. Inter - cluster distance revealed the maximum divergence between cluster VII and VIII (D2 =1640.054) closely followed by cluster IV and VIII (D2 = 1552.597), cluster II and VIII (D2 =1388.251), cluster I and VI (1202.829), cluster I and VIII (D2 =1183.916) and cluster V and VIII (D2 =1178.135). The distance between cluster II and IV (D2 =155.094) was least. On the basis of inter-cluster distances and per se performances observed in hybridization programme for genotypes involving for specific characters can be choosen on the basis of cluster mean.
Improvement of buffalo for milk, meat and draught: A review

Buffalo improvement programme undertaken through progeny testing at individual and small herds produced low response to selection in almost all the herds primarily due to large generation interval, low intensity of selection and less accuracy of the progeny test. Associated progeny testing for Murrah breed by associating all the herds, increased the population size, increased intensity of selection of candidate bulls and enabled to select the bulls on large number of progeny. Crossbreeding of nondescript and swamp buffaloes with Murrah and Nili Ravi has significantly improved the milk production potential of the local stock in all states and in the southeast asian countries. Crossbreeding also resulted into higher body weight at birth and subsequent weight at maturity in F, and triple crossbred animals than the local stock that could produce higher quantity of meat. Riverine breeds exhibited higher draught potential as compared to nondescript and swanip buffaloes. Open nucleus breeding system with and without MOET has been-initiated to enhance the rate of genetic improvement while marker assisted selection has been emphasized to facilitate early selection of individuals of desired characteristics to improve the productivity of buffaloes for desired traits.
Residues and transfer of triazine herbicides in ground waters of intensively exploited arable land in Wielkopolska province of Poland

Analyses of the ground waters in respect of presence of residues of plant protection products, i.e. active substances as well as environmental metabolites thereof are performed in the Institute of Plant Protection since the end of 80ties of the past Century. Based on the results obtained in 1993–1994 for 40 wells located in administrative territories of former Poznan, Torun and Bydgoszcz voivodeships, in the vicinity of intensive agricultural production areas (orchards, farms), wells where significant amounts of residues of triazines group and dealkylated metabolites thereof had been found previously were qualified to further studies. There were 6 wells in which triazine residues were determined most often. Additionally, based on hydrogeological maps, directions of underflows in the areas of well’s locations were determined as well. The aim of the above was to find the additional places for sampling waters distant from pollution sources and estimation of the level of residues of target compounds depending on distance from the basic wells. Seven triazine compounds including basic active substances (atrazine, simazine) and their metabolites [desethyl atrazine, desisopropyl atrazine, desethyldesisopropyl atrazine, hydroxyatrazine and hydroxysimazine] were selected for the presented studies. Residues were analyzed using methodologies designed in the Institute, i.e. solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by determination by chromatographic techniques HPLC-PDA, GC-NPD and GC-MS. Generally, during 11 years of investigations (1993–2003) samplings were performed 52 times and 323 samples of groundwater including that from additional wells were analyzed. Most often residues of atrazine and deethylatrazine in wells located in environs of Poznan were detected.
Methods in Biliary Research

Whole Organ, Hepatocellular, and Subcellular Specialization of the Liver wIth Respect to Its Role in Bile Secretion and the Transport of Small Molecules, P.D. Berk, D. Sorrentino, and K. Van Ness Pathophysiology of Bile Secretion: Mechanisms of Cholestasis, S. Erlinger Bile Sampling and Analysis for Clinical Applications, M. Muraca, M.T. Vilei, X.T. Liu, and V. Cianci Physicochemical Methods for Investigating Biliary Lipid Interactions Model and Native Bile, U. Jain, N.A. Mazer, and W. Higuchi Cholesterol Transport and Nucleation in Bile, M. Angelico, A. Nistri, P. Della Guardia, and L. Baiocchi Biochemical Methods to Study Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism, M. Bertolotti, P. Loria, F. Carubbi, M. Bozzoli, M.A. Dilengite, and N. Carulli Methods for the Measurement of Cholesterol and Bile Acid Kinetics in Humans, F. Stellaard, R.J. Vonk, and F. Kuipers Analysis of Bile Acids, A. Roda, P. Simoni, C. Cerre, C. Polimeni, and A. Cipolla Analysis of Phospholipids, A. Cantafora and R. Masella Biliary Proteins, M.A.C. de Bruijn and A.K. Groen Analysis of Gallstones, R.D. Soloway and J. Wu Animal Models for the Study of Biliary Excretion, P.L. M. Jansen and R.P.J. Oude Elferink Animal Models of Gallstone Disease, D. Ostrow and W. Rege Isolated Liver Perfusion, K. Van Ness, D. Sorrentino, and P.D. Berk Preparation and Characterization of Isolated Hepatocytes for Transport Studies, D. Sorrentino, K. Van Nees, and P.D. Berk Isolated Rat Hepatocyte Couplets, M. Strazzabosco and J.L. Boyer The Use of Isolated Bile Ductular Epithelial Cells in Biliary Physiology, M. Strazzabosco and J.L. Boyer Gall Bladder Contraction, D. Festi, S. Li Bassi, M. Orsini, and E. Roda
Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Rice

This review addresses the response of rice plants to (i) elevated CO2 concentrations, (ii) higher temperatures, especially nocturnal temperatures, and (iii) the interaction of both factors in view of possible improvements of rice germplasm for adaptation to climate change. Elevated [CO2] affect both, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis apparatus, resulting in associated gains in the different levels of plant growth (leaf level photosynthesis > canopy level > yields). Positive CO2 impacts, however, decrease over the ontogenetic development of rice plants. This 'down-regulation' of photosynthetic rates under elevated [CO2] is an important factor for assessing net impacts and, in the next step developing improved rice germplasm for elevated ambient [CO2]. Higher night time temperatures are associated with lower rice yields; the most plausible hypotheses for this effect is the loss of carbohydrates through respiration which increases with crop stage and the detrimental responses in plant phenology and carbohydrates partitioning, however, some additional studies are needed to better understand the crop response to high night temperature. While the impact of elevated [CO2] on crop performance will be positive, higher day and night temperatures will reduce biomass accumulation, affect carbohydrates partitioning and remobilization, generate less affective plant morphology, and finally overcome the positive effect of elevated [CO2]. Overall, the positive response of C3 plants like rice to elevated [CO2] can be seen as a crucial mechanism to compensate or even supersede detrimental effects of future climatic conditions. It is then essential to account for the interaction of elevated [CO2] and higher temperature, and to identify its genetic control, in order to develop improved germplasm with stage-specific traits that (i) tap the full potential of elevated [CO2] for photosynthesis and (ii) improve crop performance under higher temperatures. (Resume d'auteur)
Swimming ability of the larvae of some reef fishes from New Zealand waters

Larval fish, caught in good condition in light traps, were obliged to swim at 13.5 cm s –1 in a flume chamber without food or rest. Five species were strong swimmers capable of swimming for at least several days. Scorpis lineolatus (Scorpidae), swam longer than the others: >400 h on average (~200 km) with one individual swimming for 559 h (271 km). The other two reef species, Upeneichthys lineatus (Mullidae) and Parika scaber (Monacanthidae), swam ~100 h (~50 km) on average. Two non-reef carangids were also tested for comparison with the reef fishes: Trachurus sp. and a single Pseudocaranx dentex swam ~30 km and 82 km, respectively. These results add to the growing body of evidence that fish larvae should not be treated as passive particles.
Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs

INTRODUCTION TO CANCER Terminology Metastases Diagnosis and Screening Formation of Cancer Cells (Tumorigenesis) Mechanisms of Genomic Damage Treatments Discovery of Anticancer Drugs and Preclinical Evaluation Accessibility of Drugs to Tumor Cells Achieving Selective Toxicity Limiting the Toxicity of Chemotherapeutic Agents Overview of Mechanisms of Action of Chemotherapeutic Agents Drug Resistance Combination Chemotherapy Use of Adjuvants Infertility Following Cancer Treatments ANTIMETABOLITES DHFR Inhibitors (Antifolates) Purine Antimetabolites Pyrimidine Antimetabolites Thymidylate Synthase Inhibition Adenosine Deaminase Inhibition Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibition DNA-INTERACTIVE AGENTS Alkylating Agents Cross-Linking Agents Intercalating Agents Topoisomerase Inhibitors DNA-Cleaving Agents ANTITUBULIN AGENTS Vinca Alkaloids The Taxanes MOLECULARLY TARGETED AGENTS Kinase Inhibitors Inhibition of Ras Pathway Signaling Cell Cycle Inhibitors Proteasome Inhibitors mTOR Inhibitors HORMONAL THERAPIES Breast Cancer Prostatic Cancer Neuroendocrine Tumors: Somatostatin Analogs Estrogen Therapy Progestogen Therapy TUMOR-TARGETING STRATEGIES Antibody-Based Approaches Vascular-Targeting Strategies X-DEPT (Biphasic) Strategies Enzymatic Targeting Photoactivated Drugs (Photodynamic Therapy) Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Novel Drug Delivery Approaches BIOLOGICAL AGENTS Biological Response Modifiers Immunotherapy Enzyme-Based Therapies Vaccines THE FUTURE Novel Biological Targets and Therapeutic Strategies New Research Tools and Methodologies Chemopreventive Agents PERSONALIZED TREATMENTS Screening for Risk of Disease Development Prognosis and Staging Screening for Risk of Recurrence of Disease Selecting Best Treatments for Patients Predicting Side Effects of Chemotherapeutic Agents Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Trials ADJUNCT THERAPIES Anti-emetic Agents Steroidal Agents Adjuvent Enzymes Other Therapies Index *Each chapter includes an Introduction and a Further Reading section.
Etudes Biochimique et Structurale de DsbA1, DsbA2 et DsbA3 : les trois homologues à l'oxydoréductase de Thiol-disulfure DsbA chez Neisseria meningitidis.

Neisseria meningitidis est le principal agent responsable de meningites bacteriennes. Les interactions hote-pathogene dependent du repliement correct de nombreuses proteines de surface, qui necessite souvent la formation de ponts disulfures. Chez les bacteries a Gram-negatif, la synthese de ces ponts est catalysee par l'oxydoreductase de thiol-disulfure DsbA. N. meningitidis possede trois genes qui codent pour trois DsbA actives : DsbA1, DsbA2 et DsbA3. DsbA1 et DsbA2 sont des lipoproteines impliquees dans la virulence alors que DsbA3 est une enzyme soluble periplasmique non reliee a la virulence. Les travaux de cette these se rapportent aux caracterisations biochimiques de ces trois enzymes et structurales de DsbA1 et DsbA3. DsbA1 et DsbA3 adoptent le repliement classique de DsbA d'Escherichia coli. La caracteristique la plus etonnante partagee par ces trois enzymes est leur exceptionnel pouvoir oxydant. Avec un potentiel redox de -80 mV, les DsbA de Neisseria sont les enzymes de la famille des thioredoxines les plus oxydantes connues a ce jour. En accord avec cela, les etudes de stabilite thermales indiquent que leur forme reduite est extremement stable. Pour chacune de ces enzymes, les etudes montrent que le residu Threonine, retrouve dans la region du site actif, joue un role cle dans la determination de cet extraordinaire pouvoir oxydant. L'ensemble de ces resultats montrent comment des residus situes en dehors du motif actif CXXC peuvent influencer le potentiel redox de membres de la famille des thioredoxines. Ils montrent egalement que le phenotype associe a DsbA3 chez N. meningitidis ne peut etre explique par une difference d'activite redox ou de structure.
Caracterização da população de ectoparasitos em cães de núcleos de expansão urbana de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil

The present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of expansao urbana of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The collections were conducted from July to September 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. The ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70° GL ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. Specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis under a photonic microscope. Among the siphonaptera, Ctenocephalides felis was the most prevalent (64.35%), with mean intensity of 6.12 ± 5.37 siphonaptera/dog, followed by Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3.96%), a hybrid of C. felis X C. canis (1.98%), and Tunga penetrans (1.98%). The only species of phthiraptera found was Trichodectes canis (7.92%), with 1.3 ± 0.51 phthiraptera/dog. Among the ixodidae, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most prevalent species (49.50%), with a mean intensity of 6.44 ± 10.2 ixodidae/dog, followed by Amblyomma cajennense (3.96%), Boophilus microplus (2.97%), A. ovale (1%) and A. aureolatum (1%). The ixodid nymphs were separated into aAmblyomminae nymphs (58.41%), with 10.11 ± 10.09 nymphs/dog, and Rhipicephalinae nymphs 1(24.75%), with 2.64 ± 3.25 nymphs/dog. Ixodid larvae were found on 3.96 % of the dogs.
Descriptions of seed sources and collections for provenances of Pinus oocarpa.

The history of the use of Pinus caribaea Morelet as an exotic plantation species is given by Lamb (1973). The first introductions took place as early as 1929, but it was not until 1960 that a general interest in the species by many tropical countries developed. In that year the FAO Seminar on Tropical Pines held in Mexico (I.N.I.F., 1962) stimulated an awareness of the potentially valuable role that many tropical pines might play in afforestation schemes. One consequence of this was that P. caribaea began to receive close attention. The results from the limited number of exotic trials in existence were promising. Moreover most of the natural populations of this species are found on degraded and infertile soils within the humid tropical lowlands, the kind of sites that many countries are anxious to bring into useful productivity.
E-Cadherin and α-Catenin Expression in Human Esophageal Cancer

Abstract Intercellular adhesion of the epithelial tissue is mainly regulated by the E-cadherin (E-cad) molecule. α-Catenin (α-cat) is one of the E-cad-associated cytoplasmic proteins that forms a linkage to the cytoskeleton and regulates E-cad function. To investigate the mechanism of dysfunction in cell-cell adhesion in cancerous tissues, we examined E-cad and α-cat expression by immunohistochemical staining on 46 human esophageal cancers using our specific monoclonal antibodies. By grading of E-cad and α-cat expression as uniformly positive (+), heterogeneous (±), or uniformly negative (−), the 46 tumors could be classified into 9 (20%) E-cad(+)/α-cat(+), 15 (33%) E-cad(±)/α-cat(±), 21 (46%) E-cad(±)/α-cat(−), and 1 (2%) E-cad(−)/α-cat(−). Twenty-five (54%) of the 46 tumors showed a similar expression of both molecules, while the other 21 tumors (46%) showed E-cad(±)/α-cat(−). Thus, although the expression of α-cat was significantly correlated with that of E-cad, in some tumors the reduction of α-cat was greater. Regarding the clinicopathological features, the reduction of α-cat expression, as well as that of E-cad, was significantly associated with tumor dedifferentiation, infiltrative growth, and lymph node metastasis (P These results suggest that not only E-cad but also α-cat are important regulators of intercellular adhesion and that α-cat is also involved in invasion and metastasis. In particular, reduction of α-cat expression is more correlated with invasive phenotype and lymph node metastasis than E-cad expression in human esophageal cancer. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Influência da adubação orgânica e mineral no cultivo de manjericão

5 Eng. Agronomo, D.Sc., bolsista DCR do CNPq, Profa. do Dep. de Engenharia Agronomica/UFS, SE O manjericao e uma planta usada para fins culinarios, aromaticos e medicinais. Apesar dessa importância, poucos sao os trabalhos sobre a exigencia nutricional do manjericao para cultivo em larga escala na regiao Nordeste do Brasil. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adubacao orgânica e mineral e dos horarios de colheita na producao de biomassa e oleo essencial de manjericao ( Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Genovese. O ensaio foi conduzido no Campus Rural da UFS, em condicoes de campo. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com tres repeticoes, compreendendo cinco tipos de adubacao (adubo formulado Hortosafra®, esterco de galinha, esterco de galinha + adubo formulado Hortosafra®, esterco bovino, esterco bovino + adubo formulado Hortosafra ®) e tres horarios de colheita (08:00, 12:00 e 16:00h). A producao de materia seca da parte aerea foi significativamente superior nos tratamentos onde as plantas foram adubadas com Hortosafra® e esterco de galinha, em relacao ao tratamento onde as plantas foram adubadas exclusivamente com esterco bovino. O horario de colheita das plantas de manjericao cv. Genovese nao influenciou significativamente o teor e rendimento de oleo essencial. Termos para indexacao: Ocimum basilicum, biomassa, horario de colheita, oleo essencial. Sweet basil is a plant used for culinary, aromatics, and medical purpose. Despite its importance, scientific publications on sweet basil nutritional requirements for commercial proposes in the Northeast of Brazil are scarce. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic and mineral fertilization, as well as harvest times on the biomass production and essential oil content of sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Genovese. The essays were carried out in the Rural Campus of "Universidade Federal de Sergipe" (UFS), under field conditions. The experimental design was random blocks, in a factorial system 5x3. Treatments comprised five types of fertilizers (Hortosafra â fertilizer, chicken manure, chicken manure plus Hortosafra â fertilizer, bovine manure, bovine manure plus Hortosafra â fertilizer) and three harvest hours (08:00AM, Noon, and 4:00PM), with three replicants, Aerial dry matter production was significantly superior for plants fertilized with Hortosafra â fertilizer plus chicken manure as compared to those plants fertilized with cow manure alone.
Determinants of Glioma: An epidemiological and genetic study

textabstractGliomas are malignant brain tumours of neuroepithelial origin. Less than one thousand patients are diagnosed with glioma each year in the Netherlands. No major factors in the aetiology of glioma have been identified, and for >95% of the patients, the cause is unknown. The objective of this thesis was to explore aetiological factors for glioma. In the studies for environmental and genetic risk factors, we used several different approaches in both population-based and family-based designs. In the first part of the thesis, the aim was to obtain additional insights in environmental risk factors for glioma. By the use of classical and novel methods, hypotheses were formulated about mechanisms that possibly play a role in the development of glioma. The second part of the thesis aimed at the genetic basis of the disease by studying both families and more distantly related patients from genetically isolated communities.
An exploration of the relationships between mindfulness and obesity-related eating behaviors

Little research has explored the basic relationships between different components of mindfulness and eating behaviors associated with obesity even though mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been widely utilized to treat eating behaviors. This study explored these relationships in order to inform more effective MBIs for obesity. Participants (N = 533) from a mixed community and undergraduate sample completed an online battery of assessments. All components of mindfulness were related to eating behaviors as would be expected, with the exception of trait mindful awareness. A series of multiple hierarchical regressions showed that mindful eating was a unique predictor of eating behaviors accounting for an additional 13.9 to 29.4% of the variance observed. These findings suggest mindful eating may be a better treatment target for MBIs for eating-related outcomes compared to general mindfulness inductions. Inconsistencies in mindfulness measurement were found, highlighting the need for further investigation of the relationships among mindfulness components.