Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity, habitat associations and stock structure of odontocete cetaceans in the waters of American Samoa, 2003-06

Little is known about the species composition, distribution, abundance or stock structure of odontocetes in the central and western tropical Pacific Ocean, including those inhabiting the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) waters of American Samoa. While some information on species presence in this region has been gleaned from anecdotal sightings and whaling and stranding records, odontocete diversity in the waters of American Samoa has never been formally investigated. This lack of information precludes efforts to determine the sustainability of cetacean populations within US EEZ waters. This paper reports on the first dedicated surveys to document the presence and distribution of odontocete cetaceans in the waters of American Samoa. A series of small-boat photo-identification and biopsy surveys for cetaceans were conducted in the nearshore waters of Tutuila during 2003-06. In addition, ship-based visual surveys were conducted in the waters surrounding the Manu‘a Islands, Rose Atoll and Swains Island in summer 2006. A total of 58 groups of odontocete cetaceans were encountered during both small-boat and ship-based surveys: spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris, n=34), rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis, n=10), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus, n=3), false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens, n=5), bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus., n=1), dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima, n=1), short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus, n=1), and three groups of unidentified odontocetes. Photographs were analysed for quality and individuals with distinctive markings were selected for entry into a photo-identification catalogue. The resultant catalogue included 46 spinner dolphins, 41 rough-toothed dolphins, 2 bottlenose dolphins, 5 false killer whales, 4 pilot whales, 1 dwarf sperm whale and 4 sperm whales. Thirteen spinner dolphins and 14 rough-toothed dolphins were sighted in multiple years. To investigate stock structure, spinner dolphin genetic data were used to compare mitochondrial control region genetic diversity and allele frequencies between American Samoa and the Hawaiian Islands. American Samoa had a higher genetic diversity, and populations at the two locations were genetically distinct (FST = 0.21). The high diversity at American Samoa indicates that spinner dolphins at this location are not reproductively isolated, but the data do not rule out the possibility that these dolphins may be demographically isolated on ecological timescales.
TOPOLOGIE ET GÉOMÉTRIE DIFFÉRENTIELLE CATÉGORIQUES

RESUME. Le fait que la cat6gorie PRTOP (des espaces prétopologiques et applications continues) n’est pas cart6sienne ferm6e est bien connu et par cons6quent, la meme conclusion est valide pour la cat6gorie PRAP des espaces de pré-approximation et des contractions, comme elle a ete introduite par E. Lowen et R. Lowen dans [1]. Le but de cet article est de montrer que PRAP n’admet qu’une seule structure monoidale ferm6e sym6trique (a un isomorphisme naturel pr6s), a savoir la structure monoidale inductive canonique (6tudi6e dans le contexte des categories topologiques ou initialement structur6es par Wischnewsky et Cincura). On d6montrera ce r6sultat en se basant sur la technique développée par J. Cincura [5] pour r6soudre cette question dans PRTOP.
The Role of Individual Surface Flux Components in the Passive and Active Ocean Heat Uptake

Surface flux perturbations (heat, freshwater, and wind) due to an increase of atmospheric CO2 cause significant intermodel spread in ocean heat uptake; however, the mechanism underlying their impact is not very well understood. Here, we use ocean model experiments to isolate the impact of each perturbation on the ocean heat uptake components, focusing on surface heat flux anomalies caused directly by atmospheric CO2 increase (passive) and indirectly by ocean circulation change (active). Surface heat flux perturbations cause the passive heat uptake, while all the surface flux perturbations influence ocean heat uptake through the active component. While model results have implied that the active component increases ocean heat uptake because of the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), we find that it depends more on the shallow circulation change patterns. Surface heat flux perturbation causes most of the AMOC weakening, yet it causes a net global active heat loss (12% of the total uptake), which occurs because the active heat loss in the tropical Pacific through the subtropical cell weakening is greater than the active heat gain in the subpolar Atlantic through AMOC weakening. Freshwater perturbation weakens the AMOC a little more, but increases the subpolar Atlantic heat uptake a great deal through a large weakening of the subpolar gyre, thereby causing a large global active heat gain (34% of the total uptake). Wind perturbation also causes an active heat loss largely through the poleward shift of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical cells.
Protein-protein interaction site prediction based on conditional random fields

MOTIVATION We are motivated by the fast-growing number of protein structures in the Protein Data Bank with necessary information for prediction of protein-protein interaction sites to develop methods for identification of residues participating in protein-protein interactions. We would like to compare conditional random fields (CRFs)-based method with conventional classification-based methods that omit the relation between two labels of neighboring residues to show the advantages of CRFs-based method in predicting protein-protein interaction sites. RESULTS The prediction of protein-protein interaction sites is solved as a sequential labeling problem by applying CRFs with features including protein sequence profile and residue accessible surface area. The CRFs-based method can achieve a comparable performance with state-of-the-art methods, when 1276 nonredundant hetero-complex protein chains are used as training and test set. Experimental result shows that CRFs-based method is a powerful and robust protein-protein interaction site prediction method and can be used to guide biologists to make specific experiments on proteins. AVAILABILITY http://www.insun. hit.edu. cn/~mhli/site_CRFs/index.html. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— We study matrix factorizations of a potential W which is a section of a line bundle on an algebraic stack. We relate the corresponding derived category (the category of D-branes of type B in the Landau-Ginzburg model with potential W) with the singularity category of the zero locus of W generalizing a theorem of Orlov. We use this result to construct push-forward functors for matrix factorizations with relatively proper support. Résumé. — On étudie les factorisations matricielles d’un potentiel W qui est une section d’un ﬁbré en droites sur un champ algébrique. On établit une relation entre la catégorie dérivée correspondante (la catégorie des D-branes de type B dans le modèle de Landau-Ginzburg avec potentiel W) et la catégorie des singularités du lieu des zéros de W généralisant un théorème d’Orlov. On utilise ce résultat pour construire des foncteurs image directe pour les factorisations matricielles à supports relativement propres.
eScholarship International

In order to test the effects of qualitatively varied reinforcement on response rates, 3 experiments were conducted. The goal of the first experiment was to assess the level of substitutability between 2 reinforcers. Eight female Wistar rats kept on a diet consisting solely of turnip and millet seeds were exposed to a concurrent FR5 FR5 and then to a FR4 FR8 program. By the end of the experiment, there was a shift in consumption, albeit to a small degree. During the second experiment, 8 female Wistar Rats were exposed to a 3-component variable interval program: 1 during which only millet seeds were available, 1 in which only turnip seeds were available, and a third component in which both kinds of seeds were delivered randomly. By the end of the second experiment, the highest response rates were recorded during the component in which only millet seeds were available. Finally, a third experiment was implemented in order to assess whether the particular way in which the substitutable consequences are delivered (i.e., random or simultaneously) has an effect on response rates. The program for this experiment consisted of a VI 60`s with 2 components. During one of the components, a mixture of millet seeds was delivered when subjects responded after the interval was reached, while, during the second component, either millet and turnip seeds were delivered randomly. By the end of the experiment, no differences between components were found. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the study of reinforcement.
Prevalence of Theileriosis in Buffaloes during Rainy Season in and Around Patna, Bihar

Theileriosis is tick borne haemoprotozoan disease caused by different species of genus Theileria coming under family Theileridae. Theileria is obligate intracellular parasite infecting both domestic as well as wild bovines and small ruminants and is transmitted by Ixodid ticks having complicated life cycle (Khan et al., 2017). The hot and humid climate is favourable for the development and survival of potential vectors and is a constant source of infection to susceptible animals (Velusamy et al., 2014; Maharana et al., 2016). The climate of tropical and subtropical regions favours incidence, growth and multiplication of ticks predisposing the animals to parasitic ailments and consequently declining dairy production (Sajid, 2007; Khan et al., 2017).
Spectrum of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Ophthalmologists in Pakistan

: Objectives: To assess the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), associated symptoms, and contributing risk factors among ophthalmologists in Pakistan. Methods: A web-based questionnaire (Google Form) was developed and circulated via a social media application (WhatsApp) to ophthalmologist members of the Ophthalmological Society of Pakistan across the country. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions on respondent demographics, practice characteristics, pain, and effects of musculoskeletal disorders on their practice patterns and social life. Results: The survey was completed by 121 ophthalmologists with a response rate of 60.5%. Out of 121 participants, 96 (79.3%) reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Lower back pain was the most common symptom 57 (59.4%). The primary causes of MSD symptoms were abnormal postures during surgical procedures 67 (69.8%) and slit lamp examination 55 (57.3%). MSD attributed loss of productivity was claimed by 46.9% of the respondents. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain is widespread among Pakistani ophthalmologists, significantly affecting their work and well-being. Urgent workplace adjustments, and prioritizing ergonomics in ophthalmic settings are essential. Moreover, integrating ergonomics into resident trainees' curriculum is crucial for raising awareness of risks and promoting proactive prevention strategies. Al-Shifa Journal of Ophthalmology 2023; 19(2): 52-63. © Al-Shifa Trust Eye
Association of tumour mutation burden with prognosis and its clinical significance in stage III gastric cancer

Background: To explore the correlation between the tumour mutation burden (TMB) and prognosis and its clinical significance among patients with stage III gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Patients with stage III GC were divided into a high TMB and low TMB group in both a study cohort of 38 patients and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of 173 patients. In the study cohort, next-generation sequencing was used to detect mutated GC genes and obtain TMB data. In the TCGA cohort, gene set enrichment analysis was performed, and the relationship between TMB, prognosis and clinicopathologic factors was analysed. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression levels of both proteins and genes. Cell viability was measured using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and transwell cell assays. Results: Patients in the high TMB group had better overall survival (OS) rates than patients in the low TMB group for both cohorts and TMB was associated with age, mutation signature 1 and mutation signature 17. The Cox regression analysis revealed that age, not TMB, was an independent prognosis factor. Furthermore, genes with high-frequency mutations were significantly enriched in the Notch and RTK-RAS signalling pathways. The activation of these pathways was lower in the high TMB compared with the low TMB group, and the proliferation and migration abilities of GC cells showed a similar pattern in both TMB groups. Conclusion: Patients in the high TMB group had better OS rates than patients in the low TMB group. Genes with high-frequency mutations were significantly enriched in the RTK-RAS and Notch pathways. Hence, TMB could serve as a prognosis biomarker with potential clinical significance.
The economic and social benefits of an aquaponic system for the integrated production of fish and water plants

Aquaponics is an evolving closed-system food production technology that integrates recirculating aquaculture with hydroponics. In this paper we give a brief literature overview of the benefit aspects of aquaponics by discussing its social, environmental, and economic impacts in different potential settings. The technology might be applied to commercial or community based urban food production, industrial scale production in rural areas, small scale farming in developing countries or as systems for education and decoration inside buildings. We concluded that due to the different potential applications and settings for installing the technology, benefit impacts need to be considered separately and that due the complexity, communities, urban and rural infrastructure and policy settings, further research and data acquisition is needed to be able to assess all benefit aspects.
A Temperature-Composition Framework for Crystallization of Fractionated Interstitial Melt in the Bushveld Complex from Trace Element Systematics of Zircon and Rutile

The near-solidus crystallization history of the Paleoproterozoic Bushveld Complex, the world’s largest layered intrusion, has been investigated using the in situ trace element geochemistry (LA-ICP-MS) of accessory minerals that crystallized from late, highly fractionated pockets of interstitial melt in layered cumulates and from granitic magmas in felsic roof rocks. Zircon with simple to complex sector zoning occurs in mafic–ultramafic rocks in interstitial pockets that contain quartz–biotite–plagioclase and local granophyric intergrowths. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns are typical of igneous zircon and Ti is negatively correlated with Hf in most samples. Ti-in-zircon thermometry of the cumulates (T1⁄4 950–730 C) records the onset of zircon saturation through to the solidus, with notably cooler temperatures determined for Upper Zone and roof rock zircon (T1⁄4 875–690 C). Forward modelling of proposed Bushveld parental magmas using rhyolite-MELTS consistently yields similar temperatures for zircon saturation (800–740 C) from highly fractionated melts ( 5–20% remaining melt) with late-stage, near-solidus mineral assemblages similar to those observed in the rocks. Anomalously high and variable Th/U (2–77) in zircon from orthopyroxenites in the Critical Zone, including those associated with the PGE-rich UG2 chromitite and Merensky Reef in the Upper Critical Zone, can be related to U loss from the fractionated interstitial melt during exsolution of late, oxidized Cl-rich fluids. In addition to zircon, rutile occurs throughout the Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex in two different textural settings, as interstitial grains with quartz and zircon and with chromite, each with distinctive chemistry. Euhedral rutile needles found in interstitial melt pockets have relatively high HFSE concentrations (Nb1⁄4 1000–20 000 ppm; Ta1⁄4 100–1760 ppm), high Zr-in-rutile temperatures (1000–800 C), and are magmatic in origin. Rutile associated with chromite, either as rims or inclusions, is strongly depleted in HFSE (Nb <1000 ppm; Ta <100 ppm) and in Cr and Sc relative to magmatic rutile, and represents a sub-solidus exsolution product of Ti from chromite. Exploring the near-solidus evolution of mafic layered intrusions such as the Bushveld Complex using the trace element chemistry of accessory minerals provides a novel approach to constraining the late stages of crystallization from highly fractionated interstitial melts in these petrologically significant intrusions.
Evaluating the Performance of MyMemory: A Case Study of Computer-aided Translation of Hemingway’s Homage to Switzerland

This paper evaluates the quality of the Translation Memory embedded in MateCat , a computer-aided translation tool. MateCat ’s built-in Translation Memory, MyMemory, is constructed using a crowdsourcing system and is in constant development by the post-edited translations that are uploaded to the server from the huge number of MateCat ’s users. The current study carries out a translation of a literary text where the translation is implemented in two phases: Initial Translation and Follow-up Translation. Next, a comparison between the outputs of the two phases was drawn to observe the error rate after the two trials. Homage of Switzerland , a short story written by Ernest Hemmingway, was imported into MateCat to evaluate the Arabic output translation. The study concludes that despite the technological revolution in computer-aided translation tools, there is a considerable sum of linguistic errors on the Arabic language's lexical, grammatical, and morphological levels. The study also asserts that, despite the enormous efforts paid to develop computer programs to facilitate the translation tasks, human intervention is still a must.
Effect of Mothers’ Application of Yogurt Probiotic Bacteria on Relieving their young Children’s Acute Gastroenteritis

Background: Acute gastroenteritis causes millions of deaths annually among young children, mostly in developing communities. It is a common reason for hospital admission in inpatient medical wards. So, optimal nursing management is required for those children. Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effect of mothers’ application of yogurt probiotic bacteria on relieving their young children’s acute gastroenteritis. Design: A quasi-experimental research design was used to accomplish this study. Setting: This study was conducted at the inpatient medical ward for gastroenteritis in El-Raml Children's Hospital at Alexandria, Egypt from November 2022 to July 2023. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06090708). Subjects: A convenient sample of Sixty young children with acute gastroenteritis with no or some dehydrations were divided randomly into two equal groups; control and probiotic study groups. Methods: Characteristics and clinical data of children with acute gastroenteritis assessment record and assessment of children's diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration interview schedule were used to collect the necessary data. Study outcomes were evaluated before intervention and daily after intervention for three consecutive days for each child from their mothers. Children in control group received the standardized hospital care for acute gastroenteritis and children in probiotic study group received daily fresh yogurt with probiotics for three consecutive days beside to the standardized hospital care of acute gastroenteritis. Results : It was found that young children who received yogurt with probiotics bacteria exhibited less vomiting than other children in the control group through the study period. Besides that, the probiotic study group showed statistically significant improvement in diarrhea on third day of study compared to control group (P=.010). Further significant improvement was noticed related to the degree of dehydration for probiotic study group on second and third days of study compared to children in the control group (P= .021 &.002, respectively). It is concluded that the application of yogurt probiotic bacteria had a beneficial significant effect on young children with acute gastroenteritis on reducing its duration, frequency and severity of vomiting and diarrhea as well as improving severity of dehydration besides standardized care of hospital.
Power and Automatic Cognitive Processing

: This article discussed how power affects individuals’ cognitive processing style. Power increases the tendency to rely on automatic cognitive processing during impression formation. Compared to low power individuals or groups, those with high power tend to pay less attention to subordinates, to use stereotyping and prejudices, and to make less accurate judgments. Control motivation and approach/inhibition tendency provide theoretical explanation for the effect. There still lacks further evidences to show that power affects cognitive processing in more broad scope besides impression formation. Goal-oriented theory and abstractive thinking may provide a new perspective to understand the link of power and cognitive processing style.
Design and parameterization of a coral reef ecosystem model for Guam

About this document The mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to understand and predict changes in the Earth's environment and to conserve and manage coastal and oceanic marine resources and habitats to help meet our Nation's economic, social, and environmental needs. As a branch of NOAA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) conducts or sponsors research and monitoring programs to improve the scientific basis for conservation and management decisions. NMFS strives to make information about the purpose, methods, and results of its scientific studies widely available. NMFS' Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS series to achieve timely dissemination of scientific and technical information that is of high quality but inappropriate for publication in the formal peer-reviewed literature. The contents are of broad scope, including technical workshop proceedings, large data compilations, status reports and reviews, lengthy scientific or statistical monographs, and more. NOAA Technical Memoranda published by the PIFSC, although informal, are subjected to extensive review and editing and reflect sound professional work. Accordingly, they may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. Declines in the fish stocks and degradation of habitats around Guam have serious implications for the residents of Guam who depend on the ecosystem goods and services provided by coral reefs. The planned large relocation of military personnel, their dependents and contractors will have additional impacts on these marine resources. Management on an ecosystem scale has proven to be a useful strategy to conserve, manage, and restore marine systems. Implementing ecosystem-based management requires an understanding of the complex and often synergistic dynamics of coral reefs, including the role of humans in the ecosystem. The Atlantis modeling framework integrates physical, chemical, ecological, and anthropogenic processes in a three-dimensional, spatially explicit domain and can serve as an useful decision-support tool for ecosystem-based coral reef management. The Atlantis ecosystem model has successfully been applied to investigate ecosystem-based fisheries management scenario evaluations and ecological questions in Australia and North America. In this report we describe the construction of the Guam Atlantis Coral Reef Ecosystem Model. Atlantis incorporates various submodels that each have their own set of parameters and variables. Here we describe the details of each model component and present the parameterizations of the spatial and ecological submodels. The ultimate goal of the fully developed model is to provide a tool to evaluate management strategy scenarios against a backdrop of …