Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dark matter searches for monoenergetic neutrinos arising from stopped meson decay in the Sun

Dark matter can be gravitationally captured by the Sun after scattering off solar nuclei. Annihilations of the dark matter trapped and accumulated in the centre of the Sun could result in one of the most detectable and recognizable signals for dark matter. Searches for high-energy neutrinos produced in the decay of annihilation products have yielded extremely competitive constraints on the spin-dependent scattering cross sections of dark matter with nuclei. Recently, the low energy neutrino signal arising from dark-matter annihilation to quarks which then hadronize and shower has been suggested as a competitive and complementary search strategy. These high-multiplicity hadronic showers give rise to a large amount of pions which will come to rest in the Sun and decay, leading to a unique sub-GeV neutrino signal. We here improve on previous works by considering the monoenergetic neutrino signal arising from both pion and kaon decay. We consider searches at liquid scintillation, liquid argon, and water Cherenkov detectors and find very competitive sensitivities for few-GeV dark matter masses.
The Inpatient Experience of Emerging Adults: Transitioning From Pediatric to Adult Care

The pediatric-to-adult care transition has been correlated with worse outcomes, including increased mortality. Emerging adults transitioning from child-specific healthcare facilities to adult hospitals encounter marked differences in environment, culture, and processes of care. Accordingly, emerging adults may experience care differently than other hospitalized adults. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a large urban safety net hospital and compared all domains of patient experience between patients in 3 cohorts: ages 18 to 21, 22 to 25, and 26 years and older. We found that patient experience for emerging adults aged 18 to 21, and, to a lesser extent, aged 22 to 25, was significantly and substantially worse as compared to adults aged 26 and older. The domains of worsened experience were widespread and profound, with a 38-percentile difference in overall experience between emerging adults and established adults. While emerging adults experienced care worse in nearly all domains measured, the greatest differences were found in those pertinent to relationships between patients and care providers, suggesting a substantial deficit in our understanding of the preferences and values of emerging adults.
Self-Doped Carbon Dots Decorated TiO2 Nanorods: A Novel Synthesis Route for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Herein, we have successfully prepared self-doped carbon dots with nitrogen elements (NCD) in a simple one-pot hydrothermal carbonization method, using L-histidine as a new precursor. The effect of as-prepared carbon dots was studied for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting by decorating NCDs upon TiO2 nanorods systematically by changing the loading time from 2 h to 8 h (TiO2@NCD2h, TiO2@NCD4h, TiO2@NCD6h, and TiO2@NCD8h). The successful decorating of NCDs on TiO2 was confirmed by FE-TEM and Raman spectroscopy. The TiO2@NCD4h has shown a photocurrent density of 2.51 mA.cm−2, 3.4 times higher than the pristine TiO2. Moreover, TiO2@NCD4h exhibited 12% higher applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) than the pristine TiO2. The detailed IPCE, Mott–Schottky, and impedance (EIS) analyses have revealed the enhanced light harvesting property, free carrier concentration, charge separation, and transportation upon introduction of the NCDs on TiO2. The obtained results clearly portray the key role of NCDs in improving the PEC performance, providing a new insight into the development of highly competent TiO2 and NCDs based photoanodes for PEC water splitting.
Long-Term Impact of Different Straw Management Practices on Carbon Fractions and Biological Properties under Rice–Wheat System

Intensive agriculture has led to generation of a vast volume of agri-residue, prompting a reliance on conservation tillage techniques for prudent management. However, to ascertain the long-term impacts of these practices, the interrelation with the carbon fractions and the biological properties of the soil must be identified. Therefore, in a long-term experiment, five different treatments involving the incorporation of paddy straw as mulch or through disc harrow and farmer practice, including the partial burning of rice straw, were evaluated. After the harvesting of the wheat crop, soil samples collected from 3 different depths (0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm) were analyzed for various attributes critical to assessing soil health. Crop residue retention in both seasons (T4) improved carbon fractions, soil microflora viable cell counts and enzyme activities. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a positive interaction among the organic carbon, bacterial counts and soil enzyme activities. Thus, a positive impact of conservation tillage techniques involving a minimal disturbance was recorded as improvement in the soil properties, build-up of organic carbon, and wheat productivity in rice–wheat cropping systems.
PHYSICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF [O ii] EMITTING GALAXIES IN THE HETDEX PILOT SURVEY

The Hobby–Eberly Dark Energy Experiment pilot survey identified 284 [O ii] λ3727 emitting galaxies in a 169 arcmin2 field of sky in the redshift range 0 < z < 0.57. This line flux limited sample provides a bridge between studies in the local universe and higher-redshift [O ii] surveys. We present an analysis of the star formation rates (SFRs) of these galaxies as a function of stellar mass as determined via spectral energy distribution fitting. The [O ii] emitters fall on the “main sequence” of star-forming galaxies with SFR decreasing at lower masses and redshifts. However, the slope of our relation is flatter than that found for most other samples, a result of the metallicity dependence of the [O ii] star formation rate indicator. The mass-specific SFR is higher for lower mass objects, supporting the idea that massive galaxies formed more quickly and efficiently than their lower mass counterparts. This is confirmed by the fact that the equivalent widths of the [O ii] emission lines trend smaller with larger stellar mass. Examination of the morphologies of the [O ii] emitters reveals that their star formation is not a result of mergers, and the galaxies' half-light radii do not indicate evolution of physical sizes.
Local Elements Defining Transitional Spaces as a Territorial Strategy at an Urban Village in the City of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Urban villages, known as kampungs in Yogyakarta, are currently experiencing a gradual decline in providing social space due to their spatial transformation to support tourism, including Prawirotaman. Prawirotaman had been a neighbourhood for the Sultan’s soldiers in the 19th century; it was later transformed into a kampung for tourists in the 1980s. This transformation affected the territorial claims of the transitional spaces. In contrast, the transitional spaces in Prawirotaman have now become gathering spaces accommodating the daily neighbourly lives. Hence, this study aimed to define transitional space through its local elements relating to the residents’ territorial behaviour towards the spatial transformation due to tourism. The data consisted of residents’ interaction behaviours and physical settings collected from interviews and observations using GPS and manual drawing. The analysis uses behaviour mapping and spatial configuration approaches assisted by ArcGIS and SketchUp. The observations were conducted based on the Muslim daily prayer times. This research defines that the transitional space becomes a residents' territorial strategy in maintaining their social space amid the transformation due to tourism through their behaviour in using and placing local elements.
Comparison of Complications of Harmonic Scalpel Versus Conventional Homeostasis in Patients Undergoing Near-Total Thyroidectomy at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Aim: To compare advantages and postoperative outcomes of harmonic scalpel versus conventional homeostasis in patients undergoing near-total thyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: Total 34 patients were recruited in the study, and were equally distributed in two groups using blocked randomization. Operative time, post-operative fluid drainage, post-operative blood loss, mean hospital length, and occurrence of hypocalcemia were assessed in two groups. Results: In group A, mean operative time was 89.71±13.34 Mins while in group B it was 105±6.75 Mins, statistically significant difference was observed. In group A, post-operative blood loss observed was 61.47±8.27 ml, and in group B 74.47±12.80 ml (P < 0.05). The mean post-operative fluid drainage recorded in group A was 45.29±6.98 ml and in group B 69.06±10.83 ml (P < 0.05). In group A, mean hospital length was 2.18±0.72 days and in group B 3.41±1.12 days (P < 0.05). In group A, occurrence of hypocalcemia was 2 (11.8%) and in group B 3 (17.6%) (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In terms of operation duration, mean hospital stay, postoperative fluid drainage, and postoperative blood loss, harmonic thyroidectomy provides a secure and efficient substitute for traditional homeostasis. Keywords: Conventional Homeostasis, Postoperative Blood Loss, Harmonic Scalpel, Thyroidectomy
Effect of different mowing intensities on phytomass production of permanent grassland in a warm and an arid region

The aim of the work was to analyse the impact of different intensities of grassland exploitation on the productive capacity in the context of declining livestock numbers and the need for temporary or permanent extensification. The research was carried out in 2017–2020 in the locality of Žirany in the Nitra district, located in the temperate zone at the boundary between the continental and Atlantic-continental regions. Average annual temperatures are around 9 °C. The original semi-natural vegetation has been used for sheep grazing for many years. There were 8 experimental variants of use/cutting with different intensity of exploitation: var. 1 – abandoned unused, var. 2 – 3 × per year, var. 3 – 2 × per year, var. 4 – 1 × per year, var. 5 – 4 × – 3 × – 2 × – 2 × – 1 × per year, var. 6 – 1 × – 2 × – 3 × – 4 × per year, var. 7 – 3 × – 1 × – 1 × – 3 × and var. 8 – 2 × – 1 × – 1 × – 1 × – 2 × . By comparing the sum of yields for the entire 4-year annual cycle, we concluded that, with the exception of the 1 × annually mowed variant, all the others differentiated themselves from the abandoned stand by their increased production capacity. We also observed differentiation between fertilized and exploited variants into groups. The stand mowed 3 times annually (variant 2, 29.07 t/ha) was shown to be the most productive. The second group consisted of variants with production lower in the sum of 4 years by about 5 t/ha (3, 5, and 6). The same level of lower yield was then found on stands with temporarily reduced intensity of use (variants 7 and 8). In the effectiveness of applied nutrients on production growth, it was found that as the number of applications increased, nutrient use also increased. The average of the years in the overall assessment of the 4-year cycle showed the dynamics from the individual years and also confirmed the tendency of the highest nutrient use at a stable 3-cut use.
Ginzburg-Landau theory for skyrmions in inversion-symmetric magnets with competing interactions

Magnetic skyrmions have attracted considerable attention recently for their huge potential in spintronic applications. Generally skyrmions are big compared to the atomic lattice constant, which allows for the Ginzburg-Landau type description in the continuum limit. This description successfully captures the main experimental observations on skyrmions in B20 compound without inversion symmetry. Skyrmions can also exist in inversion-symmetric magnets with competing interactions. Here, we derive a general Ginzburg-Landau theory for skyrmions in these magnets valid in the long-wavelength limit. We study the unusual static and dynamical properties of skyrmions based on the derived Ginzburg-Landau theory. We show that an easy axis spin anisotropy is sufficient to stabilize a skyrmion lattice. Interestingly, the skyrmion in inversion-symmetric magnets has a new internal degree of freedom associated with the rotation of helicity, i.e., the “spin” of the skyrmion as a particle, in addition to the usual translational motion of skyrmions (orbital motion). The orbital and spin degree of freedoms of an individual skyrmion can couple to each other, and give rise to unusual behavior that is absent for the skyrmions stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Finally, the derived Ginzburg-Landau theory provides a convenient and general framework to discuss skyrmion physics and will facilitate themore » search for skyrmions in inversion-symmetric magnets. « less
Lorentz and CPT violation in the Higgs sector

Colladay and Kostelecky have proposed a framework for studying Lorentz and CPT violation in a natural extension of the Standard Model. Although numerous bounds exist on the Lorentz and CPT violating parameters in the gauge boson and fermion sectors, there are no published bounds on the parameters in the Higgs sector. We determine these bounds. The bounds on the CPT-even asymmetric coefficients arise from the one-loop contributions to the photon propagator, those from the CPT-even symmetric coefficients arise from the equivalent c_{\mu\nu} coefficients in the fermion sector, and those from the CPT-odd coefficient arise from bounds on the vacuum expectation value of the Z-boson.
Modeling the RV jitter of early M dwarfs using tomographic imaging

In this paper we show how tomographic imaging (Zeeman Doppler Imaging, ZDI) can be used to characterize stellar activity and magnetic field topologies, ultimately allowing to filter out the radial velocity (RV) activity jitter of M-dwarf moderate rotators. This work is based on spectropolarimetric observations of a sample of five weakly-active early M-dwarfs (GJ 205, GJ 358, GJ 410, GJ479, GJ 846) with HARPS-Pol and NARVAL. These stars have v sin i and RV jitters in the range 1-2 km/s and 2.7-10.0 m/s rms respectively. Using a modified version of ZDI applied to sets of phase-resolved Least-Squares- Decon- volved (LSD) profiles of unpolarized spectral lines, we are able to characterize the distribution of active regions at the stellar surfaces. We find that darks spots cover less than 2% of the total surface of the stars of our sample. Our technique is e cient at modeling the rotationally mod- ulated component of the activity jitter, and succeeds at decreasing the amplitude of this com- ponent by typical factors of 2-3 and up to 6 in optimal cases. From the rotationally modulated time-series of circularly polarized spectra and with ZDI, we also reconstruct the large-scale magnetic field topology. These fields suggest that bi-stability of dynamo processes observed in active M dwarfs may also be at work for moderately active M dwarfs. Comparing spot distributions with field topologies suggest that dark spots causing activity jitter concentrate at the magnetic pole and/or equator, to be confirmed with future data on a larger sample.
Talent development as a source of sustainable competitive advantage for higher education institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Orientation: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound consequences on all sectors of the economy. This global pandemic threatens the sustainability of all sectors, including higher education.Research purpose: This study aimed to investigate talent development strategies that promote the sustainability of higher education institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic.Motivation for the study: Several higher education institutions are struggling to survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study is motivated by the need to promote the sustainability of South African higher education institutions through talent development.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative research approach was adopted to quantify the research phenomenon. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 265 academics in three South African universities. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27.0, was used to analyse the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and factor analysis were computed to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Pearson’s correlations and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between talent development strategies and sustainability.Main findings: The results showed that talent development strategies (training and development as well as career development) positively influenced the sustainability of South African universities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Practical/managerial implications: Universities can obtain sustainability through investment in their intellectual capital. This can be achieved through continuous training and development as well as career development.Contribution/value-addition: The study expands on limited empirical research on talent development and sustainable competitive advantage.
Measuring consumer perception of overall brand equity drivers for m-payments

PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between various drivers of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) for m-payments and to demonstrate practical relevance. The study examined the indirect relationship between m-payment drivers and satisfaction and their subsequent association with brand equity drivers in the context of m-payments.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administered to a total of 725 respondents. Structural equation modeling, SPSS AMOS and a multi-mediation model using process macros were used to analyze the primary data.FindingsThe results of this study corroborate the post-use driver (satisfaction) and trust mediates drivers of m-payments (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) with overall brand equity. Satisfaction and trust exert a positive influence on overall brand equity, and this research will help organizations devise strategies to retain consumers, offer loyalty schemes and brand effectively to bundle services.Originality/valueNovelty was achieved in this study by extending the technology acceptance model to determine the association between m-payment drivers and satisfaction and their subsequent association with overall brand equity, thus providing practical implications.
Optical Line Diagnostics of z ≈ 2 Optically Faint Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies in the Spitzer Boötes Survey

We present near-infrared spectroscopic observations for a sample of 10 optically faint luminous infrared galaxies (R - [24] ≥ 14) using Keck NIRSPEC and Gemini NIRI. The sample is selected from a 24 μm Spitzer MIPS imaging survey of the NDWFS Boötes field. We measure accurate redshifts in the range 1.3 ≲ z ≲ 3.4. Based on either emission-line widths or line diagnostics, we find that all 10 galaxies harbor luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Seven sources are type I AGNs, exhibiting broad (>1900 km s-1) Hα or Hβ emission lines; the remaining three are type II AGNs. Given their large mid-IR luminosities and faint optical magnitudes, we might expect these sources to be heavily extincted quasars, and therefore only visible as type II AGNs. The visibility of broad lines in 70% of the sources suggests that it is unlikely that these AGNs are being viewed through the midplane of a dusty torus. For four of the sources we constrain the Hα/Hβ Balmer decrement and estimate the extinction to the emission-line region to be large for both type I and type II AGNs, with AHα ≳ 2.4-5 mag. Since the narrow-line region is also extincted and the UV continuum emission from the host galaxies is extremely faint, this suggests that much of the obscuration is contributed by dust on large (~kiloparsec) scales within the host galaxies. These sources may be examples of "host-obscured" AGNs, which could have space densities comparable to or greater than that of optically luminous type I AGNs with similar bolometric luminosities.
Blood Parasites of Vangas and Other Corvoidea on Madagascar

Madagascar hosts a great diversity of bird species. This study focuses on the description of the diversity and prevalence of blood parasites (Haemosporida, trypanosomes and filarioid nematodes) in 131 blood samples of 14 species of Corvoidea, namely vangas (Vangidae), Coracina cinerea (Campephagidae), Dicrurus forficatus (Dicruridae) and Terpsiphone mutata (Monarchidae) found in primary rainforests on Madagascar. Blood parasites were detected using both molecular and microscopic methods. Multiplex PCR was used to detect mixed haemosporidian infections and nested PCR was used to describe a 479 bp fragment of the haemosporidian cytochrome b (cytb) gene. Furthermore, a 770 bp SSU rRNA fragment of trypanosomes, and, for microfilariae, a 690 bp fragment of 28S rRNA, as well as a 770bp fragment of 28S rRNA, were amplified for identification using nested PCRs. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out for all sequences obtained from all blood parasite taxa. Over half of the samples (54.2%; n = 71) were infected with Haemosporida, whereas only 21.4% (n = 28) were infected with Trypanosoma and 5.3% (n = 7) contained filarioid nematode DNA. Fourteen of 56 blood smears contained some of the above-mentioned parasite taxa. The results corroborate the great diversity of blood parasites in the different bird species studied, especially in vangas. Vangas had the greatest diversity of parasites found, as well as the highest number of multiple infections, which may be due to their morphological diversity and resulting habitat use. Fifteen haemosporidian lineages, seven Trypanosoma and five filarioid nematode isolates were newly discovered in the avian species studied, particularly in the vangas. Members of the other Corvoidea families on Madagascar showed a lower susceptibility for avian haemosporidian parasites than vangas, which could be attributed to possible resistance against those parasites. The study confirmed the host specificity of some Haemosporida and microfilariae; however, it demonstrated that this was not the case for Trypanosoma.
Minimum visible retinal lesions from pico- and femtosecond laser pulses

Threshold measurements for Minimum Visible Lesions (MVL) at the retina are reported for femtosecond (fs) and picosecond (ps) laser pulses in Rhesus monkey eyes using visible wavelengths. The 50% probability for damage (ED50) dosages are calculated for 1 hour and 24 hour post-exposures at the 95% confidence level. The ED50 values are found to decrease with pulsewidth down to 600 fs. At 90 fs the ED50 dosages were noted to increase slightly when compared with the 3 ps and 600 fs values. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was accomplished at both 1 hour and 24 hour post-exposure and did not demonstrate lower threshold for damage, which has been the case for MVL's created with longer pulse durations (>= nanoseconds). At the 90 fs pulse duration, MVLs were not observed below 0.1 (mu) J. At energies greater than 0.1 (mu) J, both MVL and the absence of MVL's were observed up to 1.4 (mu) J. Above 1.4 (mu) J all energies delivered showed MVL development. Out of 138 data points taken at 90 fs, 94 were between 0.1 and 14 (mu) J, and the observed lesions are distributed with approximately 50% probability throughout this energy rate.