Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Stock Market on Liquidity and Economic Growth: Evidence of Volatile Market

Stock markets serve as a conduit for money and liquidity, which are necessary for economic growth and stability. This study aimed to determine whether stock market impacts are communicated in an economically unstable environment, characterised by volatility, high inflation rates, and political instability. The research used a time series Vector Autoregressive model (VAR) with quarterly data from between 2013 and 2022. The study revealed that there is a positive statistically significant association between the stock market and economic growth at the 10% level. On the other hand, the stock market liquidity has no major influence on Zimbabwe’s economic development. As a result, the study advises policymakers to evaluate the rules regulating the stock market carefully and to relax some of the requirements for firms to be listed on the stock exchange. The stock market will become more liquid as a result of this because it will draw more internal and external businesses to being listed. The ZSE should also develop a framework for the gradual implementation of the commodity derivatives exchange as Zimbabwe’s substantial mineral reserves and robust agriculture may bring significant income to the country’s economy.
A Case Study of Apparent Gravity Wave Initiation of Severe Convective Storms

Abstract A detailed study of an outbreak of severe convective storms is presented which investigates the interaction between subsynoptic scale gravity waves and the convective activity. The gravity waves were isolated by passing digital forms of nearly 130 National Weather Service and FAA barograph traces through a normal weighted band pass filter and then analysing pressure perturbation p′ fields for the Midwest region at 15-minute intervals. The waves had periods of about 3 h, trace speeds between 35 and 45 m s−1and amplitudes between 0.5 and 2.5 mb. Analyses of surface weather reports, radar data, surface wind convergence, and surface p′ fields revealed that the intensity of the convective systems pulsated with periods ranging frown 2 to 4 h; and that the gravity waves were a precursor to storm development in Iowa and Wisconsin and appeared to initiate convection in those areas. Reintensification of preexisting storm cells or the development of new cells generally followed the passage of the wave troug.
The Cayo del Oso Site (41NU2) Volume II Results of Archeological Monitoring of Spur 3, Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas 2000-2007

This report is the second volume in a two volume set (see Jackson et al. 2004) detailing the archeological work conducted at site 41NU2 over several years. This volume focuses on the results of construction monitoring associated with road improvements to Spur 3, in Corpus Christi. The work was conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit Number 2445, originally issued to Dr. Robert Hard, who served as the Principal Investigator during the early phases of the project. In 2001, the permit was transferred to Dr. Raymond P. Mauldin, who served as the Principal Investigator the remainder of the project.
Summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation and Its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulation and Monsoon Rainfall

Using the ERA-40 data and numerical simulations, this study investigated the teleconnection over the extratropical Asian-Pacic region and its relationship with the Asian monsoon rainfall and the climatological characteristics of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacic, and analyzed impacts of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) heating and Pacic sea surface temperature (SST) on the teleconnection. The Asian-Pacic oscillation (APO) is dened as a zonal seesaw of the tropospheric temperature in the midlatitudes of the Asian-Pacic region. When the troposphere is cooling in the midlatitudes of the Asian continent, it is warming in the midlatitudes of the central and eastern North Pacic; and vice versa. The APO also appears in the stratosphere, but with a reversed phase. Used as an index of the thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacic, it provides a new way to explore interactions between the Asian and Pacic atmospheric circulations. The APO index exhibits the interannual and interdecadal variability. It shows a downward trend during 1958{2001, indicating a weakening of the thermal contrast, and shows a 5.5-yr oscillation period. The formation of the APO is associated with the zonal vertical circulation caused by a dierence in the solar radiative heating between the Asian continent and the North Pacic. The numerical simulations further reveal that the summer TP heating enhances the local tropospheric temperature and upward motion, and then strengthens downward motion and decreases the tropospheric temperature over the central and eastern North Pacic. This leads to the formation of the APO. The Pacic decadal oscillation and El Nieo/La Nie over the tropical eastern Pacic do not exert strong inuences on the APO. When there is an anomaly in the summer APO, the South Asian high, the westerly jet over Eurasia, the tropical easterly jet over South Asia, and the subtropical high over the North Pacic change signican tly, with anomalous Asian monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclone activities over the western North Pacic. The summer cooling along the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the past 40 more years is related to the APO, which is possibly a regional response to the decadal variability of the global atmospheric circulation. An anomalous signal of the APO may propagate to the Arctic and Antarctic. Moreover, the APO also appears in other seasons.
Modelling flame turbulence interaction in RANS simulation of premixed turbulent combustion

Flame turbulence interaction is an important term for modelling scalar dissipation in premixed turbulent combustion. In order to obtain an accurate representation of the flame turbulence interaction phenomenon, an evolution equation for has recently been proposed. This equation gives a detailed insight into the flame turbulence interaction phenomenon and provides an alternative approach to modelling the important physics represented by . In this paper the evolution equation is used to model a premixed propane–air flame stabilised in a turbulent mixing layer. The simulations are carried out in the context of a Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) framework and the results are compared with the experiments and also with Large Eddy Simulation (LES). It is found that the modelling strategy involving the evolution equation gives good approximations for the mean velocities and flame locations in the mixing layer stabilised flame when compared with other modelling strategies.
A bayesian level set method for identifying subsurface geometries and rheological properties in stokes flow

We aim to simultaneously infer the shape of subsurface structures and material properties such as density or viscosity from surface observations. Modeling mantle flow using incompressible instantaneous Stokes equations, the problem is formulated as an infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problem. Subsurface structures are described as level sets of a smooth auxiliary function, allowing for geometric flexibility. As inverting for subsurface structures from surface observations is inherently challenging, knowledge of plate geometries from seismic images is incorporated into the prior probability distributions. The posterior distribution is approximated using a dimension-robust Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling method, allowing quantification of uncertainties in inferred parameters and shapes. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in two numerical examples with synthetic data. In a model with two higher-density sinkers, their shape and location are inferred with moderate uncertainty, but a trade-off between sinker size and density is found. The uncertainty in the inferred is significantly reduced by combining horizontal surface velocities and normal traction data. For a more realistic subduction problem, we construct tailored level-set priors representing “seismic” knowledge and infer subducting plate geometry with their uncertainty. A trade-off between thickness and viscosity of the plate in the hinge zone is found, consistent with earlier work.
Measuring Atmospheric Turbulence with a Lunar Scintillometer Array

An array of photodetectors, responding to scintillation of light from the Moon, provides a probe of the turbulence structure along the line of sight through the atmosphere. The measured quantities are time series of intensity fluctuations received by the individual detectors in the array. From the covariance of these fluctuations, taken between all possible detector pairs, one can determine the C2N turbulence profile from the ground up to a maximum height determined by the separation between the detectors. This paper outlines the theoretical basis of the technique and discusses methods of data analysis. We then describe the design and construction of a prototype eight‐element lunar scintillometer array and present first results of observations using this system.
Quantifying the tax compliance costs of individual taxpayers in South Africa

The aim of the study was to quantify the total tax compliance costs (TCC) of individual taxpayers in South Africa for the 2017 and 2018 years of assessment as no studies were found that comprehensively quantified these costs in South Africa. A quantitative research design was followed using an online questionnaire to collect the data. Different sampling and data collection methods were used: for 2017 snowball sampling was employed providing 752 useable responses, whereas for 2018, a random sample was made possible with the assistance of the South African Revenue Service (SARS) resulting in 10 260 useable responses. The TCC for each year was calculated in three steps. First, the number of hours spent by the respondents on each tax-related activity was ascertained. Second, this time was then multiplied by an hourly rate using various methods and lastly the time value was added to the respondents’ out-of-pocket costs (arising from payments to tax practitioners for assistance and from sundry expenditure). The average total TCC for 2017 was estimated at between R4 604 and R12 661 while for 2018 it was between R2 544 and R3 742. The TCC calculations provide a baseline that will assist in measuring the impact of subsequent reforms, such as the 2021 auto-assessments introduced by SARS, on TCC.
Construction of a multi-scale spiking model of macaque visual cortex

Understanding the relationship between structure and dynamics of the mammalian cortex is a key challenge of neuroscience. So far, it has been tackled in two ways: by modeling neurons or small circuits in great detail, and through large-scale models representing each area with a small number of differential equations. To bridge the gap between these two approaches, we construct a spiking network model extending earlier work on the cortical microcircuit by Potjans & Diesmann (2014) to all 32 areas of the macaque visual cortex in the parcellation of Felleman & Van Essen (1991). The model takes into account spe- cific neuronal densities and laminar thicknesses of the individual areas. The connectivity of the model combines recently updated binary tracing data from the CoCoMac database (Stephan et al., 2001) with quantitative tracing data providing connection densities (Markov et al., 2014a) and laminar connection patterns (Stephan et al., 2001; Markov et al., 2014b). We estimate missing data using structural regular- ities such as the exponential decay of connection densities with distance between areas (Ercsey-Ravasz et al., 2013) and a fit of laminar patterns versus logarithmic ratios of neuron densities. The model integrates a large body of knowledge on the structure of macaque visual cortex into a consistent framework that allows for progressive refinement.
Spatial and Ecological Factors Modulate the Incidence of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis—A Systematic Review

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis has been associated with multiple antigenic triggers (i.e., ovarian teratomas, prodromal viral infections) but whether geographic, climatic, and environmental factors might influence disease risk has not been explored yet. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of all published papers reporting the incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in a definite country or region. We performed several multivariate spatial autocorrelation analyses to analyze the spatial variations in the incidence of anti-NMDA encephalitis depending on its geographical localization and temperature. Finally, we performed seasonal analyses in two original datasets from France and Greece and assessed the impact of temperature using an exposure-lag-response model in the French dataset. The reported incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis varied considerably among studies and countries, being higher in Oceania and South America (0.2 and 0.16 per 100,000 persons-year, respectively) compared to Europe and North America (0.06 per 100,000 persons-year) (p < 0.01). Different regression models confirmed a strong negative correlation with latitude (Pearson’s R = −0.88, p < 0.00001), with higher incidence in southern hemisphere countries far from the equator. Seasonal analyses showed a peak of cases during warm months. Exposure-lag-response models confirmed a positive correlation between extreme hot temperatures and the incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in France (p = 0.03). Temperature analyses showed a significant association with higher mean temperatures and positive correlation with higher ultraviolet exposure worldwide. This study provides the first evidence that geographic and climatic factors including latitude, mean annual temperature, and ultraviolet exposure, might modify disease risk.
Identity Propaganda

Political elites often employ propaganda to affect the behavior of a particular social group by altering its members' social identities. The empirical literature has demonstrated that this kind of ‘identity propaganda’ is generally effective at mobilizing citizens. However, while the consequences of being exposed to propaganda depend on its content, we know little about which factors shape propaganda content. To gain insight into the determinants of propaganda content, I analyze a game-theoretic model where a political elite proposes a new identity norm, and citizens affirm or reject it. I demonstrate that, in equilibrium, the propagandist exploits his agenda-setting power to design effective identity norms. I also show that more demanding identity norms can emerge when citizens’ mobilization costs are higher, or the propagandist can cheaply allocate material incentives. By contrast, the nature of strategic interaction among citizens has an ambiguous effect on identity norms.
Engender tolerance and participation in polarized gender issues: the mediating role of discussion in cross-cutting exposure

ABSTRACT This study revisited the deliberation-participation paradox by analyzing the relationship between exposure and both deliberative tolerance and civic participation in the context of gender equality among women and men. Survey data collected from Chinese adults revealed no significant direct effects from cross-cutting exposure to either deliberative tolerance or civic participation. However, a negative mediating effect through perceived polarization and a positive mediating effect through cross-cutting discussion were observed. Additionally, the results confirmed that perceived incivility plays a moderating role, attenuating the beneficial effects of cross-cutting exposure and strengthening the negative indirect effects. These findings suggest differential effects between cross-cutting exposure and cross-cutting discussion. The results also underscore the importance of building a civil and depolarized communication environment to encourage deliberation and participation in China.
Adaptive Integral Extended State Observer-Based Improved Multistep FCS-MPCC for PMSM

In this article, an improved multistep finite control set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) based on adaptive integral extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor. The improved multistep FCS-MPCC based on sector is introduced in the current loop. The elements of the voltage vector set are reduced with different sector division method, so it could reduce the computational burden to some extent. Meanwhile, considering that the high gain ESO will obtain faster convergence, better tracking accuracy in theory and the system disturbance rejection can be enhanced, but the noise suppression performance will become poor. Thus, the adaptive extended state observer (AESO) is proposed to balance the disturbance rejection and noise suppression. When system is subject to disturbance, the adaptive gain will increase to enhance the system disturbance rejection and become small to improve the noise suppression in steady state. However, disturbed by time-varying disturbance, the small gain in the steady state will lead to poor steady-state tracking accuracy. To improve the steady-state tracking accuracy, AIESO is proposed by adding the integral term into AESO. Finally, in order to avoid the sector misjudgment caused by parameter mismatch, the strategy based on ESO is used for disturbance compensation. However the selection of inductance is closed related to the estimated burden of the observer. Thus, the inductance parameter estimation method is proposed to update the initial inductance value to reduce the estimated burden, which can help to suppress the parameter mismatches with a smaller estimated burden of the observer. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Axisymmetric outflows from binary point-source systems in the presence of an interface

Fluid outflow is considered, from a binary system of two point sources. The sources inject fluid of a lower density than the surrounding medium, and there is a sharp interface separating the two fluids. The overall geometry is taken to be axisymmetric around the line joining the two sources. Numerical solutions are presented for the shape of the interface in unsteady flow, and compared with a linearized solution based on small deformation of the interface from its initial spherical configuration. In addition, a novel spectral method is developed for the solution of the Boussinesq viscous flow problem, accounting exactly for the presence of the two sources and modelling the interface as a narrow region in which fluid mixing is possible. Bipolar outflow jets are seen to be possible.
Effect of interactive multitouch game-based cognitive intervention on cognitive function in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

Purpose This study investigated the effects of an interactive multitouch game-based cognitive intervention (ICI) on cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Thirty-two older adults (19 women) between 65 and 84 years of age (mean age, 74.47 ± 4.30 years) without a history of neurological disease participated. They were randomized into two groups: intervention and control. The intervention group took part in ICI sessions using HAPPYTABLE® (Spring Soft Co. Ltd, Seoul, Korea) (ICI group), and the control group underwent a traditional paper-and-pencil-based cognitive intervention (TCI group). Both groups completed 10 intervention sessions over four consecutive weeks. Cognitive function was assessed before (pre-intervention) and after (post-intervention) intervention. Executive function was evaluated through the Color-Word Stroop Test (CWST) and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Memory was assessed through the Verbal Learning Test (VLT) and Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT). Results The ICI and TCI groups showed significant improvements in some cognitive functions after the intervention. Both groups showed substantial improvements in VLT and RCFT (P < 0.05), reflecting memory function. Regarding the executive role, the ICI group showed significant post-intervention improvements in the conditions of the CWST incongruent (ICI 76.31 ± 23.82; P = 0.004) compared to the pre-intervention scores. ANCOVA with pre-intervention scores and gender as covariates revealed improved results in the ICI group compared with the VLT delayed (ICI 9.18 ± 1.68, TCI 7.56 ± 2.13; P = 0.015) and VLT recognition task (ICI 22.81 ± 1.22, TCI 21.38 ± 1.09; P = 0.035). Conclusions These findings revealed that both ICI and TCI helped increase cognitive performance in community-dwelling older persons; nevertheless, ICI showed better improvement in memory function than TCI. Thus, the ICI can be used to improve cognitive performance among older adults living in the community.
Scalar fields in the late Universe: The mechanical approach

In this paper, we consider the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the cell of uniformity. At these scales, we consider the Universe to be filled with dust-like matter in the form of discretely distributed galaxies, a minimal scalar field, the cosmological constant and radiation as matter sources. We investigate such a Universe in the mechanical approach. This means that the peculiar velocities of the inhomogeneities (in the form of galaxies) as well as fluctuations of other perfect fluids are non-relativistic. Under such conditions, we investigate the theory of scalar perturbations. We show that, at the background level, the considered scalar field has a constant equation of state (EoS) parameter $w=-1/3$. The fluctuations of the energy density and pressure of this field are defined by the interaction between scalar field background and the gravitational potential of the system. These fluctuations are concentrated around the galaxies screening their gravitational potentials. The expressions for the gravitational potentials are found for all topologies of the Universe: flat, open and closed. The averaged (over the whole Universe) values of these potentials are equal to zero which also results in zero averaged values of the energy density fluctuations of the scalar field. We also determine the form of the potential for the considered scalar field.