Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise-wide risk management : strategies for linking risk and opportunity

Preface: a new and evolving approach to improving risk management capabilities Acknowledgements Mastering risk to create value: what is an enterprise-wide approach and why is it essential? * A new approach: enterprise-wide * Is your risk management keeping pace? * The early lessons * Conclusion: a journey requiring a cultural change The evolution towards EWRM * The evolution of risk management * Taking an enterprise wide view * Achieving EWRM: the steps along a visionary journey * How far will you go? * Conclusion A common language: the essential starting point * Defining risk * A language for risk * A process classification scheme * Developing a language * Conclusion * Case-studies Risk management goals, objectives and oversight: laying the foundation zone * Business objectives and strategies provide the context * Risk strategy and policy in an EWERM environment * Organizational oversight structure * Summary * Case-study Uniform processes: assessing risks and developing strategies * A process view of business risk management * Assessing business risks * Risk mapping - a fundamental tool * Rigorous assessment: when risks are vital * Develop business risk management strategies * Risk strategies: translating risk assessment into action * Summary Infrastructure essentials: designing and implementing risk management capabilities * Design/implement risk management capabilities * The components of infrastructure * Monitor risk management performance * Continuously improve risk management capabilities * Information for decision making * Summary* Case-study Continuously improve risk strategies, processes and measures * The Risk Management Capability Maturity Continuum * The enablers of continuous improvement * Summary * Case-study Taking it all the way * Aggregate multiple risk measures * Link to enterprise performance * Formulate enterprise-wide risk strategy * Summary * Case-study Getting started * The EWRM journey: how far do you want to go? * Keys to navigating the journey * Keys to getting started: EWRM trail markers * The launch pad * Summary Appendices * The current state of risk management * The Arthur Andersen Business Risk ModelTM: abbreviated defenitions of business risks * Risk controls process framework Glossary Bibliography Index
DAILY VARIATION OF TRIP CHAINING, SCHEDULING, AND PATH SELECTION BEHAVIOR OF WORK COMMUTERS

This study addresses the day-to-day variation of three key aspects of the home to work commute, the time of departure from home, the frequency, purpose and duration of intervening stops between home and work,and the path actually followed through the network. It is based on detailed two-week diaries of actual commuting trips completed by a sample of auto commuters in Austin, Texas. The paper examines alternative definitions and measures of variability in the context of the daily commute by comparing a "day-to-day" approach to a "deviation from usual" approach for defining individual switching behavior. Models are developed to relate observed trip chaining route, and departure time switching patterns to the commuters' characteristics, such as workplace conditions, socio-economic attributes, and network performance characteristics. In addition, the study provides valuable confirmation of insights previously suggested in stated preference laboratory experiments involving actual commuters in a simulated traffic system. (A)
TREE SAP HELPS HOLD ROADSIDE SHOULDERS TOGETHER

Lignosulfonates, or lignins, are starting to replace traditional oils and brines as binders and stabilizers for road applications. They are the "glue" that holds trees together and are a byproduct of pulping and sold in 50% suspended solution. A new application in New York State is using them on shoulders. An experiment in Murray, NY, used aggregate mixed with lignins for a three-ft. -wide shoulder at a depth of 4 inches. Previous, untreated gravel shoulders needed almost yearly replenishment. The lignin mix is still performing well after two and a half years. They are also on the state's list of beneficial use items because lignins aren't toxic and cost less.
Biomass production, composition, and ethanol potential of switchgrass grown on reclaimed surface mines in West Virginia

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 10 1.1: Background . 10 1.1.1. Objectives . 14 Literature Cited . 14 Chapter 2: Yield of switchgrass grown on reclaimed surface mines in West Virginia under onecut and two-cut harvest systems . 16 2.1: Literature Review . 16 2.1.
STATE OF THE ART OF PAVEMENT EVALUATION

A large number of developments have taken place in the field of pavement evaluation since A.C. Benkelman introduced his deflection measurement beam. Nowadays complex equipment and computer programs are available to assist the pavement engineer in the prediction of the remaining life and the design of the needed maintenance strategy. In this paper an overview is made of some of the achievements that have been obtained in the field of pavement evaluation. Attention is paid to the measurement of deflections, the back calcuation of moduli, the needed material tests, the remaining life analysis, and the design of overlays. Some currently used procedures are commented and some suggestions for the use of research findings in pavement evaluation are made.
Cross-lingual priming of cognates and interlingual homographs from L2 to L1

Many word forms exist in multiple languages, and can have either the same meaning (cognates) or a different meaning (interlingual homographs). Previous experiments have shown that processing of interlingual homographs in a bilingual’s second language is slowed down by recent experience with these words in the bilingual’s native language, while processing of cognates can be speeded up (Poort et al., 2016; Poort & Rodd, 2019a). The current experiment replicated Poort and Rodd’s (2019a) Experiment 2 but switched the direction of priming: Dutch-English bilinguals (N = 106) made Dutch semantic relatedness judgements to probes related to cognates (n = 50), interlingual homographs (n = 50) and translation equivalents (n = 50) they had seen 15 minutes previously embedded in English sentences. The current experiment is the first to show that a single encounter with an interlingual homograph in one’s second language can also affect subsequent processing in one’s native language. Cross-lingual priming did not affect the cognates. The experiment also extended Poort and Rodd (2019a)’s finding of a large interlingual homograph inhibition effect in a semantic relatedness task in the participants’ L2 to their L1, but again found no evidence for a cognate facilitation effect in a semantic relatedness task. These findings extend the growing literature that emphasises the high level of interaction in a bilingual’s mental lexicon, by demonstrating the influence of L2 experience on the processing of L1 words. Data, scripts, materials and pre-registration available via https://osf.io/2swyg/? view_only=b2ba2e627f6f4eaeac87edab2b59b236.
“I lost close friends when they realized I had TB” – The lived experiences of TB patients in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Background Tuberculosis is a global public health problem with serious health and social implications which produce unique experiences for the patients. Understanding the lived experiences of TB patients is important for appropriate and successful TB interventions. Unsuccessful treatment has grave public health consequences at individual and community levels. Methods Qualitative study using 40 narratives of TB patients, 40 home observations, and key informant interviews with 4 TB health care providers using an interpretive phenomenology. The 40 TB patients were interviewed twice, first at the healthcare facility with a follow-up interview in their homes. Results Socio-economic, structural and medication related factors shape the experiences of TB patients. Social factors such as stigma, lack of family and other social support influence the lived experiences of TB patients. TB treatment challenges such as side effects and financial constraints also shape the experiences of the patients. Although there is good patient-healthcare provider relationship, patients have to deal with long treatment regimens and the long queues when seeking treatment services in health facilities. Conclusions TB management programs should account for factors that influence the lived experience of TB patients to facilitate effective treatment. Many of these factors are barriers to effective treatment and management TB patients. Provision of social and family support, addressing stigma, counseling and addressing structural barriers may influence the patients’ positive experience and promote treatment adherence for successful TB management.
The Impact of Customer Engagement in Online Reviews on the Credibility of Shopping Sites and Customer Purchase Intentions

Online reviews have become an important source of information when online shoppers purchase products on shopping sites. Many researchers examined how online reviews affect the credibility of website and shopper’s purchase intentions. However, minimal studies have been conducted regarding how the credibility of website and purchase intentions are differently affected by the extent to which customers are engaged in online reviews. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of customer engagement in online reviews on website credibility and purchase intentions. A total of 403 students completed questionnaires measuring Customer Engagement in Online Reviews, Website Credibility, and Online Purchase Intentions. One-way MANOVA was conducted to test how website credibility and online purchase intentions are affected by a level (low, medium, and high) of customer engagement in online reviews. The results of the study revealed that there were significant multivariate effects of the level of customer engagement in online reviews on website credibility and online purchase intentions. The study also found customer engagement in online reviews positively predicted website credibility, and website credibility significantly predicted online purchase intentions. This study provides online retailers and marketers with practical implications regarding relationship management through online reviews.
Metoda pomiaru wycieków elektromagnetycznych w oparciu o emisję promieniowaną jednostek centralnych PC

The devices secured by shielded enclosures we are dealing with electromagnetic leakage which are very difficult to locate. This paper shown an radiated emission measurement stand emitted by information devices. In addition, the paper presents a method for measuring leakages developed based on electromagnetic emissions radiated by CPUs with the algorithm procedure. This paper presents and discusses the results of measurements of electromagnetic leakage and identification them. Method for measuring leakages based on electromagnetic emissions radiated by CPUs.
Selection of a neural network for modelling the honing process

Roughness obtained in honing process depends on many different process parameters, such as grain size of abrasive stones, pressure of stones on the workpiece’s surface, density of abrasive, tangential speed of the honing head and linear speed of the honing head. This fact makes it difficult to study the process from an analytical point of view. For this reason, use of empirical methods or use of artificial intelligence is recommended in this case. In the present paper, results about use of neural networks for obtaining average roughness Ra as a function of honing parameters are presented. Best neural network was chosen among different possibilities. For doing this, experimental results were divided into three groups: 70 % of results were used for training, 15 % of results were used for validation and 15 % of results were used as test to compare networks with other models. The best neural network was considered to be the one with lowest errors using the validation experimental results.
Production, Optimization and Characterization of an Acid Protease From Filamentous Fungi by Solid-state Fermentation

Acid proteases represent an important group of enzymes, extensively used in food and beverage industries. There are a diversification of food industries and thus an increasing demand for biocatalysts capable of adapting the industrial extreme environments. These demands can be covered by a plant and animal proteases; however there is a shortage to meet the present industrial demands. This necessitates the search for an alternative acid protease sources from fungi. The fungal isolates were recovered from grape and dairy farm soil using potato-dextrose Agar. The fungi were further screened for protease production based on the hydrolysis of clear-zone on skim-milk agar media. The potential fungi were then subjected to secondary screening under solid-state fermentation. After primary and secondary screening, the potential fungus (isolate Z1BL1) was identified to the genus level by combination of macroscopic and microscopic morphological study. The growth condition and media composition for potential fungal isolate (Z1BL1) was further optimized under solid-state fermentation. The crude enzyme produced from isolate Z1BL1 was characterized after partial purification by acetone and ammonium sulphate precipitation. A total of 9 fungal isolates were showed protease production in primary and secondary screening, however 1 potential isolate (Z1BL1) was selected for further study based on its protease activity. The potential fungus, isolate Z1BL1 was identified to the genus Aspergillus based on their morphological features. The optimization of media composition and growth conditions for acid protease production from Z1BL1 were slightly increased the protease activity. The acetone precipitated enzyme exhibited the maximum activity at 50 0C and pH 5 with stability at pH 4-6 and temperature 40-60 0C. Thus based on the above findings, the acid protease produced from Aspergillus was shown suitable enzyme characteristics required in industry and could be a candidate to be applicable in food industry after further purification by high resolution techniques.
Methods for testing publication bias in ecological and evolutionary meta‐analyses

Publication bias threatens the validity of quantitative evidence from meta‐analyses as it results in some findings being overrepresented in meta‐analytic datasets because they are published more frequently or sooner (e.g. ‘positive’ results). Unfortunately, methods to test for the presence of publication bias, or assess its impact on meta‐analytic results, are unsuitable for datasets with high heterogeneity and non‐independence, as is common in ecology and evolutionary biology. We first review both classic and emerging publication bias tests (e.g. funnel plots, Egger's regression, cumulative meta‐analysis, fail‐safe N, trim‐and‐fill tests, p‐curve and selection models), showing that some tests cannot handle heterogeneity, and, more importantly, none of the methods can deal with non‐independence. For each method, we estimate current usage in ecology and evolutionary biology, based on a representative sample of 102 meta‐analyses published in the last 10 years. Then, we propose a new method using multilevel meta‐regression, which can model both heterogeneity and non‐independence, by extending existing regression‐based methods (i.e. Egger's regression). We describe how our multilevel meta‐regression can test not only publication bias, but also time‐lag bias, and how it can be supplemented by residual funnel plots. Overall, we provide ecologists and evolutionary biologists with practical recommendations on which methods are appropriate to employ given independent and non‐independent effect sizes. No method is ideal, and more simulation studies are required to understand how Type 1 and Type 2 error rates are impacted by complex data structures. Still, the limitations of these methods do not justify ignoring publication bias in ecological and evolutionary meta‐analyses.
YORP Effect on Asteroid 162173 Ryugu: Implications for the Dynamical History

Asteroid 162173 Ryugu is a carbonaceous asteroid that was visited by Japan's Hayabusa2 spacecraft in 2018. The formation mechanism of the “spinning‐top” shape of Ryugu is a vital clue to the dynamical history of the near‐Earth asteroid. In this study, we address the long‐term evolution of its spin state induced by the Yarkovsky‐O’Keefe‐Radzievskii‐Paddack (YORP) effect, that is, the thermal recoil torque that changes the rotation period and spin‐pole direction. Given the current orbit, spin state, and three‐dimensional shape of Ryugu observed by Hayabusa2, we computed the YORP torque exerted on Ryugu using a simplified thermal model assuming zero thermal conductivity. Despite variations in the meter‐scaled topography, all 20 shape models that we examined indicate that the spin velocity of Ryugu is currently decreasing at a rate of (−6.3to−0.42)×10−6 $(-6.3\enspace \mathrm{to}\enspace -0.42)\times {10}^{-6}$ deg/day2. Our findings also suggest that the thermal torque is responsible for maintaining the spin pole upright with respect to the orbital plane. Therefore, the YORP effect may explain the significant spin‐down from an earlier period of 3.5 hr to the present period of 7.6 hr. The corresponding time scale of the spin‐down is estimated to be 0.58–8.7 million years, depending on the input shape models. This time scale is comparable to the formation period of the largest crater, Urashima (5–12 Ma), or the western bulge (2–9 Ma) as derived from previous studies on crater statistics in Ryugu. Thus, its rotation may have started to decelerate as a consequence of major resurfacing events.
The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of SIBO in diabetic patients and to determine the association between SIBO and diabetes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases from inception to June 2021 was conducted for studies correlating SIBO with diabetes. Studies were screened, and relevant data were extracted and analysed. The pooled prevalence of SIBO among diabetic patients and the odds ratio of SIBO among diabetic patients compared with controls were calculated. Results: Fourteen studies including 1417 diabetic patients and 649 controls met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of SIBO in diabetes was 29% (95% CI 20–39%). The odds ratio of SIBO in diabetic patients was 2.91 (95% CI 0.82–10.32, p=0.1) compared with controls. Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SIBO in diabetes was higher in studies using jejunal aspirate culture for diagnosis (39%, 95% CI 12–66%) than in those using the lactulose breath test (31%, 95% CI 18–43%) or glucose breath test (29%, 95% CI 14–43%). The prevalence of SIBO in diabetes was higher in studies conducted in Western countries (35%, 95% CI 21–49%) than in those conducted in Eastern countries (24%, 95% CI 14–34%), and the prevalence of SIBO in type 1 diabetes (25%, 95% CI 14%–36%) was not significantly different from that in type 2 diabetes (30%, 95% CI 13%–47%). Conclusions: Twenty-nine percent of diabetic patients tested positive for SIBO, and the risk of SIBO in diabetic patients was 2.91 times higher than that in patients without diabetes. Diabetes could be a predisposing factor for the development of SIBO, especially among patients diagnosed by jejunal aspirate culture or those in Western populations.
Sustainable Packaging Design : A Business Case Study

Packaging is a topic under debate and scrutiny in today’s society, due to its obvious environmental detriment – but also the business opportunities – tied to minimizing or even eliminating packaging. Therefore, two major Swedish companies have collaborated with KTH in order to investigate this field by using a pair of reading glasses as an example. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the applicability of sustainable packaging design practices and theories in a business case study, and also the value generated in the case study. The results were a review of five sustainable packaging design practices and theories in relation to the case study, and the design of a new packaging called ‘Toblerone’. The conclusion was that all five practices and theories were applicable to the business case study in theory, but in practice, two of them were not economically viable. The link between economic performance and environmental performance had a massive impact on setting the ambition level of this type of sustainability research. However, the economic value generated at the end of the case study was a whopping 720% increase in shipping efficiency, while environmental and social values needed further investigations.
Appendix Modeling the Impact of RGGI on Pennsylvania ’ s Power Grid : Costs , Emissions , and Leakage

Section A provides a detailed overview of the simulation model. Section B presents the functional forms used in the simulation model. Section C discusses the parameter values and data sources used for calibration, the assumptions and data sources used to generate emissions estimates, and our model calibration results. In Section D we outline the assumptions regarding the dynamic trends that underlie our simulation results. Section E validates our baseline against historical data. Pre-existing polices that we account for in our analysis are described in Section F. Finally, Section G presents additional results not reported in the main text.
Clinical Performance, Safety, and Patient-Reported Outcomes of an Active Osseointegrated Steady-State Implant System

Objective To investigate the clinical performance, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of an active osseointegrated steady-state implant system that uses piezoelectric technology. Study Design A prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, within-subject clinical investigation. Setting Three tertiary referral clinical centers located in Melbourne, Sydney, and Hong Kong. Patients Twenty-nine adult subjects, 24 with mixed hearing loss or conductive hearing loss and 5 with single-sided sensorineural deafness. Intervention Implantation with the Cochlear Osia 2 System. Main Outcome Measures Audiological threshold evaluation and speech recognition in quiet and in noise. Patient satisfaction and safety. Results At 6-month follow-up after surgery, a mean improvement in pure-tone average of 26.0 dB hearing level and a mean improvement of 8.8 dB signal-to-noise ratio in speech reception threshold in noise was achieved with the investigational device as compared with the unaided situation. Usability of the investigational device was rated 71.4/100 mm for sound processor retention and 81.4/100 mm for overall comfort using a visual analog scale. Conclusion These outcomes confirm the clinical safety, performance, and benefit of an innovative active transcutaneous bone conduction implant using a piezoelectric transducer design in subjects with conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, or single-sided sensorineural deafness.