Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian analysis of the Substrate Ablation vs. Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Symptomatic Ventricular Tachycardia trial

Abstract Background and aims Bayesian analyses can provide additional insights into the results of clinical trials, aiding in the decision-making process. We analysed the Substrate Ablation vs. Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Symptomatic Ventricular Tachycardia (SURVIVE-VT) trial using Bayesian survival models. Methods and results The SURVIVE-VT trial randomized patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) to catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) as a first-line strategy. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, appropriate implantable cardioverter–defibrillator shocks, unplanned heart failure hospitalizations, or severe treatment-related complications. We used informative, skeptical, and non-informative priors with different probabilities of large effects to compute the posterior distributions using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We calculated the probabilities of hazard ratios (HR) being <1, <0.9, and <0.75, as well as 2-year survival estimates. Of the 144 randomized patients, 71 underwent catheter ablation and 73 received AAD. Regardless of the prior, catheter ablation had a >98% probability of reducing the primary outcome (HR < 1) and a >96% probability of achieving a reduction of >10% (HR < 0.9). The probability of a >25% (HR < 0.75) reduction of treatment-related complications was >90%. Catheter ablation had a high probability (>93%) of reducing incessant/slow undetected VT/electric storm, unplanned hospitalizations for ventricular arrhythmias, and overall cardiovascular admissions > 25%, with absolute differences of 15.2%, 21.2%, and 20.2%, respectively. Conclusion In patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and VT, catheter ablation as a first-line therapy resulted in a high probability of reducing several clinical outcomes compared to AAD. Our study highlights the value of Bayesian analysis in clinical trials and its potential for guiding treatment decisions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03734562
Plasma fractalkine contributes to systemic myeloid diversity and PD‐L1/PD‐1 blockade in lung cancer

Recent studies highlight the importance of baseline functional immunity for immune checkpoint blockade therapies. High‐dimensional systemic immune profiling is performed in a cohort of non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients undergoing PD‐L1/PD‐1 blockade immunotherapy. Responders show high baseline myeloid phenotypic diversity in peripheral blood. To quantify it, we define a diversity index as a potential biomarker of response. This parameter correlates with elevated activated monocytic cells and decreased granulocytic phenotypes. High‐throughput profiling of soluble factors in plasma identifies fractalkine (FKN), a chemokine involved in immune chemotaxis and adhesion, as a biomarker of response to immunotherapy that also correlates with myeloid cell diversity in human patients and murine models. Secreted FKN inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth in vivo through a prominent contribution of systemic effector NK cells and increased tumor immune infiltration. FKN sensitizes murine lung cancer models refractory to anti‐PD‐1 treatment to immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Importantly, recombinant FKN and tumor‐expressed FKN are efficacious in delaying tumor growth in vivo locally and systemically, indicating a potential therapeutic use of FKN in combination with immunotherapy.
Rubber-like elasticity in laser-driven free surface flow of a Newtonian fluid

Significance Upon deformation, Newtonian fluids are expected to exhibit viscous behavior, and only when deformed on very short timescales, below the molecular diffusion time of a single molecule, is a solid-like elastic response expected. We have revealed a strong, rubber-like elasticity in the Newtonian fluid glycerol by analyzing the dynamics of a laser-driven free surface bubble. Not only do we find an elasticity persistent for four orders of magnitude longer than the diffusion time but also observe tolerance to large deformations only found in rubber-like materials. Our observations are independent of surface tension and require the existence of a transient state with solid-like long-range correlations different from the bulk state. This invites us to revisit our understanding of the liquid state.
Multispectral Filter Array Design by Optimal Sphere Packing

Multispectral imaging (MSI) collects a datacube of spatio-spectral information of a scene. Many acquisition methods for spectral imaging use scanning, preventing its widespread usage for dynamic scenes. On the other hand, the conventional color filter array (CFA) method often used to sample color images has also been extended to snapshot MSI using a Multispectral Filter Array (MSFA), which is a mosaic of selective spectral filters placed over the Focal Plane Array (FPA). However, even state-ofthe- art MSFAs coding patterns produce artifacts and distortions in the reconstructed spectral images, which might be due to the nonoptimal distribution of the spectral filters. To reduce the appearance of artifacts and provide tools for the optimal design of MSFAs, this paper proposes a novel mathematical framework to design MSFAs using a Sphere Packing (SP) approach. By assuming that each sampled filter can be represented by a sphere within the discrete datacube, SP organizes the position of the equal-size and disjoint spheres’s centers in a cubic container. Our method is denoted Multispectral Filter Array by Optimal Sphere Packing (MSFA-OSP), which seeks filter positions that maximize the minimum distance between the spheres’s centers. Simulation results show an image quality improvement of up to 2 dB and a remarkable boost in spectral similarity when using our proposed MSFA design approach for a variety of reconstruction algorithms. Moreover, MSFA-OSP notably reduces the appearance of false colors and zipper effect artifacts, often seen when using state-of-the-art demosaicking algorithms. Experiments using synthetic and real data prove that the proposed MSFA-OSP outperforms state-of-the-art MSFAs in terms of spatial and spectral fidelity. The code that reproduces the figures of this article is available at https://github.com/nelson10/DemosaickingMultispectral3DSpherePacking.git.
Dual-Task Performance, Balance and Aerobic Capacity as Predictors of Falls in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Comparative Study

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent and strongly associated with the risk of falls in the elderly. Falls are associated with impairments in cognition and functional or gait performance; however, little is known about these associations in the elderly population with CVD. In this study, we aimed to clarify the possible associations of physical capacity and functional and cognitive outcomes with the incidence of falls in older adults with CVD. In this comparative study, 72 elderly patients were divided into fallers (n = 24 cases) and non-fallers (n = 48 controls) according to the occurrence of falls within one year. Machine learning techniques were adopted to formulate a classification model and identify the most important variables associated with the risk of falls. Participants with the worst cardiac health classification, older age, the worst cognitive and functional performance, balance and aerobic capacity were prevalent in the case group. The variables of most importance for the machine learning model were VO2max, dual-task in seconds and the Berg Scale. There was a significant association between cognitive-motor performance and the incidence of falls. Dual-task performance, balance, and aerobic capacity levels were associated with an increased risk of falls, in older adults with CVD, during a year of observation.
Perceptions and experiences of primary healthcare providers toward interprofessional collaboration in chronic disease management in Hue, Vietnam

ABSTRACT In Vietnam, each primary care community health center (CHC) consists of a multi-professional team with six disciplines, including a physician, assistant physician, nurse, pharmacist, midwife, and Vietnamese traditional physician, who are able to meet the majority of patient’s needs at the primary care level. How they collaborate, especially in chronic disease management (CDM), is still limited described in the literature. This study aims to gain insight into the perceptions and the experiences of primary health care providers (PHCPs) toward interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in CDM in CHCs in (Hue) Vietnam. A qualitative study of descriptive phenomenology was performed using two focus groups and 15 semi-structured interviews with PHCPs from six professions relevant to CDM in CHCs. The data were analyzed using NVivo 12.0 with a thematic analysis method by a multiprofessional research team. From the analysis, the data were classified into three main themes: “lack of collaborative practice,” “knowledge,” and “facilitators and barriers to IPC. ” This study provided evidence of the awareness that actual collaboration in daily care is fragmentarily organized and that PHCPs try to finish their tasks within their profession. PHCPs work multiprofessionally and lack shared decision-making in patient-centered care. There is a need to develop an interprofessional education program and training to address these deficiencies in the Vietnamese context to improve interprofessional collaboration in health care.
A non-coding insertional mutation of Grhl2 causes gene over-expression and multiple structural anomalies including cleft palate, spina bifida and encephalocele

Abstract Orofacial clefts, including cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital anomalies, but knowledge of the genetic basis of these conditions remains incomplete. The extent to which genetic risk factors are shared between CL/P, NTDs and related anomalies is also unclear. While identification of causative genes has largely focused on coding and loss of function mutations, it is hypothesized that regulatory mutations account for a portion of the unidentified heritability. We found that excess expression of Grainyhead-like 2 (Grhl2) causes not only spinal NTDs in Axial defects (Axd) mice but also multiple additional defects affecting the cranial region. These include orofacial clefts comprising midline cleft lip and palate and abnormalities of the craniofacial bones and frontal and/or basal encephalocele, in which brain tissue herniates through the cranium or into the nasal cavity. To investigate the causative mutation in the Grhl2Axd strain, whole genome sequencing identified an approximately 4 kb LTR retrotransposon insertion that disrupts the non-coding regulatory region, lying approximately 300 base pairs upstream of the 5’ UTR. This insertion also lies within a predicted long non-coding RNA, oriented on the reverse strand, which like Grhl2 is over-expressed in Axd (Grhl2Axd) homozygous mutant embryos. Initial analysis of the GRHL2 upstream region in individuals with NTDs or cleft palate revealed rare or novel variants in a small number of cases. We hypothesize that mutations affecting the regulation of GRHL2 may contribute to craniofacial anomalies and NTDs in humans.
Sublethal consequences of ultraviolet radiation exposure on vertebrates: Synthesis through meta‐analysis

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is a natural daytime stressor for vertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. UVR effects on the physiology of vertebrates manifest at the cellular level, but have bottom‐up effects at the tissue level and on whole‐animal performance and behaviours. Climate change and habitat loss (i.e. loss of shelter from UVR) could interact with and exacerbate the genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts of UVR on vertebrates. Therefore, it is important to understand the range and magnitude of effects that UVR can have on a diversity of physiological metrics, and how these may be shaped by taxa, life stage or geographical range in the major vertebrate groups. Using a meta‐analytical approach, we used 895 observations from 47 different vertebrate species (fish, amphibian, reptile and bird), and 51 physiological metrics (i.e. cellular, tissue and whole‐animal metrics), across 73 independent studies, to elucidate the general patterns of UVR effects on vertebrate physiology. We found that while UVR's impacts on vertebrates are generally negative, fish and amphibians were the most susceptible taxa, adult and larvae were the most susceptible life stages, and animals inhabiting temperate and tropical latitudes were the most susceptible to UVR stress. This information is critical to further our understanding of the adaptive capacity of vulnerable taxon to UVR stress, and the wide‐spread sublethal physiological effects of UVR on vertebrates, such as DNA damage and cellular stress, which may translate up to impaired growth and locomotor performance. These impairments to individual fitness highlighted by our study may potentially cause disruptions at the ecosystem scale, especially if the effects of this pervasive diurnal stressor are exacerbated by climate change and reduced refuge due to habitat loss and degradation. Therefore, conservation of habitats that provide refuge to UVR stress will be critical to mitigate stress from this pervasive daytime stressor.
Environmental monitors on lobster traps (eMOLT): long-term observations of New England’s bottom-water temperatures

Nearly one hundred New England lobstermen have installed temperature sensors on their traps to record hourly values at fixed locations since 2001. These moorings are distributed primarily along the shelf edge in the northern Mid-Atlantic Bight and along the entire western edge of the Gulf of Maine in a range of water depths (1–300m). Variability associated with tidal, wind, seasonal, and inter-annual processes can be depicted at nearly all sites. Tidal variation, for example, at certain times of the year in many locations can be significant (>10°C). Wind forcing is shown to significantly modify the seasonal cycle at many locations such as in Massachusetts Bay where a dramatic turnover occurs in the Fall. Inter-annual anomalies are derived by removing seasonal cycles. Comparisons between sites and between years are made. The years 2002 and 2006, for example, are documented as warmer in general than other years at nearly all sites. While a direct correlation between temperature variability and lobster catch is difficult to quantify in the data collected thus far, preliminary investigations document the relationships on a seasonal time scale. The possibility of incorporating this network of moored sensors into a regional ocean observing system is addressed and the limitations are discussed. Given the minimum cost required to deploy the instrumentation and the sustained interest of the fishermen, the initiative provides a means to collect data continuously and a strategy for monitoring environmental change on climatic time scales.
A drug safety evaluation of pemigatinib for advanced cholangiocarcinoma

ABSTRACT Introduction Pemigatinib is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1–3. FGFR is associated with increased cell division, proliferation, and survival. Inhibition of this receptor is an effective treatment against tumors driven by activated fusions in FGFR2. Areas Covered The drug was first evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumors and demonstrated a manageable safety profile, with the most common adverse events being oscillations in blood phosphate levels, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, and skin and ocular toxicities. Pemigatinib was further evaluated in a phase II cohort study of patients with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 genomic alterations. After a median follow-up of 17.8 months, the objective response rate in patients with tumors harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangements was 35.5% (95% CI, 26.5–45.4). Based on these results, the FDA granted accelerated approval on 17 April 2020, to pemigatinib, for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with an FGFR2 fusion or another rearrangement. Articles selected for this review were based on reported studies indexed in PubMed (2010–2023). Expert Opinion Future perspectives in the treatment of FGFR2 fused cholangiocarcinoma include the evaluation of pemigatinib in previously untreated patients and possible active combinations or sequencing strategies with other drugs.
Crystal Structure of High-Temperature Phase of Lithium Ionic Conductor, Li3PS4

Crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of lithium ionic conductor, Li 3 PS 4 , was determined using high-temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. Li 3 PS 4 belongs to the thio-LISICON (LIthium Super Ionic CONductor) family and shows high ionic conductivity above 500 K. The high-temperature α phase with space group, P b c n (60), has an orthorhombic cell parameter, a = 8.6125(2) A, b = 9.0211(2) A, and c = 8.42621(2) A at 906 K. The PS 4 tetrahedra are isolated with each other and form an alternating T + row and T - row, where T + and T - indicate that the apex of the tetrahedra is up and down, respectively. These PS 4 arrangements are different from those of the medium temperature β-phase and the low-temperature γ-phase.
Precision photometry of early-type galaxies in the Coma and Virgo clusters: a test of the universality of the colour–magnitude relation – II. Analysis

A detailed comparison of the colours of early-type galaxies in the Virgo and Coma clusters have been undertaken. The data set presented by the authors (1992, MNRAS, 254) is used to investigate the universality of the colour-magnitude correlation. This work reassesses the anomaly noted by Aaronson, Persson & Frogel (1981, ApJ, 245). Following these authors, we initially compare the relative distances of the two clusters derived from the L-σ and U-V and V-K colour-magnitude correlations. However, in contrast to their result, we find that all three relations give compatible relative distance moduli. A similar result is found by correlating the colours and velocity dispersions with photometric diameters
Weed management under different planting geometry in dry direct-seeded rice

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2013 at Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, to find out the effect of planting geometry in direct-seeded rice by different weed management practices. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments with four replications in factorial randomized block design of which main factor was three different planting geometry and subplots have four factors with three different weed control treatments with one weedy check. The treatment pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1 kg/ha fb post-emergence application of bispyribac– Na 25 g/ha supplemented with one hand weeding along with planting geometry 20 cm at regular spacing increased the grain yield, weed control efficiency and net returns over all the other treatments of rice.
Visible Light-Driven Micromotors in Fuel-Free Environment with Promoted Ion Tolerance

Light-driven electrophoretic micromotors have gained significant attention recently for applications in drug delivery, targeted therapy, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Micromotors that possess good biocompatibility and the ability to adapt to complex external environments are particularly attractive. In this study, we have fabricated visible light-driven micromotors that could swim in an environment with relatively high salinity. To achieve this, we first tuned the energy bandgap of rutile TiO2 that was hydrothermally synthesized, enabling it to generate photogenerated electron-hole pairs under visible light rather than solely under UV. Next, platinum nanoparticles and polyaniline were decorated onto the surface of TiO2 microspheres to facilitate the micromotors swimming in ion-rich environments. Our micromotors exhibited electrophoretic swimming in NaCl solutions with concentrations as high as 0.1 M, achieving a velocity of 0.47 μm/s without the need for additional chemical fuels. The micromotors’ propulsion was generated solely by splitting water under visible light illumination, therefore offering several advantages over traditional micromotors, such as biocompatibility and the ability to operate in environments with high ionic strength. These results demonstrated high biocompatibility of photophoretic micromotors and high potential for practical applications in various fields.
Identification and analysis of autism spectrum disorder via large‐scale dynamic functional network connectivity

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with severe cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported that brain functional network connectivity (FNC) has great potential for identifying ASD from healthy control (HC) and revealing the relationships between the brain and behaviors of ASD. However, few studies have explored dynamic large‐scale FNC as a feature to identify individuals with ASD. This study used a time‐sliding window method to study the dynamic FNC (dFNC) on the resting‐state fMRI. To avoid arbitrarily determining the window length, we set a window length range of 10–75 TRs (TR = 2 s). We constructed linear support vector machine classifiers for all window length conditions. Using a nested 10‐fold cross‐validation framework, we obtained a grand average accuracy of 94.88% across window length conditions, which is higher than those reported in previous studies. In addition, we determined the optimal window length using the highest classification accuracy of 97.77%. Based on the optimal window length, we found that the dFNCs were located mainly in dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN and VAN) and exhibited the highest weight in classification. Specifically, we found that the dFNC between DAN and temporal orbitofrontal network (TOFN) was significantly negatively correlated with social scores of ASD. Finally, using the dFNCs with high classification weights as features, we construct a model to predict the clinical score of ASD. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the dFNC could be a potential biomarker to identify ASD and provide new perspectives to detect cognitive changes in ASD.