Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stigma in the Social Life among Mothers Having Children with Intellectual Disabilities: Challenges and Suggestions

This study examined the role of severity of children’s intellectual disability and perceived stigma in restriction in social life among the parents of such children . The correlational research design was used for this purpose. The sample for the study consisted of fifty one mother having intellectually disabled children of varying degree, aged between 3 to 15 years. The participants were sampled from different rehabilitation centers and special schools at Varanasi. They were administered Personal Care Assessment Form, Perceived Stigma Scale and Restriction of Social Life Scale. Correlation analysis was applied to see the relationship which revealed that the child’s activity limitation is significantly positively associated with stigma and restriction in social life. Stigma was also significantly positively associated with restricted social life. This paper highlights the growing need for interventions that include both behavioral and psychosocial components to better address needs of families of children with intellectual disability. It is concluded that there exists a need for future research on culturally sensitive parent training as well as on potentially efficient group-based parent education programs for families of children with moderate to profound intellectual disability.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN LEAF NITROGEN OF OLIVE TREES GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES AND CROP LEVEL

An experiment was conducted over 12 months using field-grown olive trees (Olea europaea) to assess the combined effect of soil water availability and fruit number on seasonal changes in leaf nitrogen (N) concentration. Three irrigation regimes were established and three trees per irrigation treatment were thinned to reduce their yield to about half that of unthinned trees. The N concentration of fully-expanded leaves from either the current-year growth or one-year old part of fruiting shoots was determined every two months. Nitrogen concentration was higher in current-year leaves than in one-year old ones at most sampling dates. Maximum values of leaf N were measured in spring, minimum values in August. Leaf N concentrations were positively correlated with leaf water potential during fruit development. This relationship was weak at the onset of rapid oil accumulation in August and became more evident at harvest. There was no correlation between leaf N and crop level.
Oxidized cellulose: An application in the form of sorption filter materials

Oxidized cellulose (oxycellulose) was very effectively used in the form of filter sheets to remove some metal ions from water and from aqueous solutions. Fur- thermore, oxycellulose was applied in an ion-exchange col- umn and in a batch process. The mechanisms of the sorption process inside oxycellulose as well as the kinetics of sorption were studied. A comparison of oxycellulose and other adsorption components such as zeolites and ion-exchange resins was made. The affinity of oxycellulose to metal ions was determined to be in the following order: Cd 2þ ,Z n 2þ > Ni 2þ � Ca 2þ > Mg 2þ � Na þ . The use of oxycellulose was very effective, especially in the form of sorption filters, because this allowed us to use a simple fil- tration process. Moreover, the specific loading amount of the filter cake was higher for filtration than for the column process under comparable conditions. Oxycellulose in a glass column behaved similarly to an ion-exchange resin. It showed approximately constant efficiency until the sorp- tion capacity of the adsorbent was exhausted, and then it suddenly dropped. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 669-678, 2009
Infrared Spectra of Ices II, III, and V in the Range 4000 to 350 cm—1

The infrared spectra of Ices II, III, and V between 4000 and 350 cm—1 have been obtained. The ices were made at appropriate pressures and temperatures, cooled under pressure to liquid‐nitrogen temperature, and removed from the pressure vessel. Mulls were made near liquid‐nitrogen temperature using isopentane or perfluoropropane as mulling agents, and the spectra of the mulls at ∼100°K were recorded. The spectra of ices made from H2O, D2O, 5% H2O in D2O, 5% D2O in H2O, and, for Ices II and III, 1% D2O in H2O were obtained. In general features, the spectra of pure H2O and D2O Ices II, III, and V are similar to those of Ice I. For most bands there is a shift of frequency from that in Ice I towards the vapor frequencies, but the shift is small compared with the shift between Ice I and the vapor. Ices II, III, and V are therefore essentially fully hydrogen bonded and are probably four coordinated. This agrees with a proposed structure for Ice III.In Ices II and III the bands due to the O–H and the O—D stretchi.
Magnetic Properties of Oxidized (Cation-Deficient) Titanomagnetites (Fe, Ti, _??_)43O4

A comprehensive study of the magnetic properties of nonstoichiometric (cation-deficient) titanomagnetites is described. Measurement of the saturation magnetization of synthetic samples provides information about the mechanism by which increasingly nonstoichiometric states evolve. It is concluded that in the spinel structure the inherent availability for oxidation of Fe2+ ions on tetrahedral sites is about 20% of that of Fe2+ ions on octahedral sites. Curie temperature increases with degree of oxidation, showing that the increasing vacancy concentration is offset by the greater number of strongly interacting Fe3+ ions. Comparison of calculated and observed Curie temperatures of highly oxidized compositions indicates that such materials have nonideal u-parameters. Thermomagnetic curves of the oxidized samples are of the “anomalous” type, but none was found having compensation temperatures. Coercivity and anisotropy decrease with decreasing Fe2+ ion concentration. Finally, contours of equal cell edge and Curie temperature are constructed for spinels in the FeO-TiO2-Fe2O3 ternary system. These contours may be useful in the identification of naturally occurring samples, provided they do not contain appreciable amounts of other cations. An extrapolated value of 695°C is found for the Curie temperature of γ-Fe2O3.
Measurement and Calculation of End Wall Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics on a Nozzle Guide Vane in Annular Cascade

Detailed measurements of surface static pressures and heat transfer rates on the aerofoil and hub end wall of an annular nozzle guide vane (in the absence of a downstream rotor) are presented. Heat transfer rates have been measured using thin film gauges in an annular cascade in the Pyestock Isentropic Light Piston Cascade. Test Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and cascade geometry are fully representative of engine conditions. The results of 3-D calculations of surface Mach number and 2-D calculations of aerofoil heat transfer are presented and compared with the measurements.A new method of calculating end wall heat transfer using the axisymmetric analogue for three-dimensional boundary layers is described in detail. The method uses a 3-D Euler solver to calculate the inviscid surface streamlines along which heat transfer coefficients are calculated. The metric coefficient which describes the lateral convergence or divergence of the streamlines is used to include three-dimensional effects in the calculation. The calculated heat transfer rates compare well with the measured values. Reference is made to surface flow visualization in the interpretation of the results.Copyright © 1990 by ASME
PRECISE DETERMINATION OF DEEP TRAP SIGNATURES AND THEIR RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE CONCENTRATIONS IN SEMI-INSULATING GAAS

The new analytical method, simultaneous multiple peak analysis (SIMPA) which comprises simultaneous fitting of whole measured thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectra is presented. The procedure clearly resolves contributions from various overlapping TSC peaks, which results in precise determination of trap parameters (signature) for each trap. In combination with photocurrent temperature dependent measurements, IPC(T), which reflects free carrier lifetime temperature dependence, the estimates of relative and absolute trap concentrations were made as well. The advantage of the SIMPA method in comparison with the single peak approach was demonstrated and analyzed. The SIMPA method was applied to different semi-insulating (SI) GaAs samples, particularly to samples having very high and others having very low deep trap concentrations; and for both extremes excellent fits were achieved. The method also seems very promising for characterization of deep levels and other similar SI materials, like SI InP or SI .
Determination of Seven Biflavones of Selaginella Doederleinii by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Selaginella doederleinii Hieron (S. doederleinii) is widely used as an antitumor and anti-inflammatory agent in Asia, and is famous for containing biflavonoids, which have been reported as the bio-active constituents possessing anticancer and anti-oxidant effects. However, a simple and systematic quality control method for determining biflavonoids in S. doederleinii is lacking. In this study, seven biflavones, including amentoflavone, robustaflavone, 2″, 3″-dihydro-3′, 3″′-biapigenin; 3′, 3″′-binaringenin, delicaflavone, heveaflavone, and 7, 4′, 7″, 4″′-tetra-O-methyl-amentoflavone, were obtained from S. doederleinii. These seven compounds that are present in high concentration were used as detection markers for development of a quality control method by HPLC with a UV-visible detector. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile–water (0.5% acetic acid) in 52 min. With the optimized conditions, the seven biflavones showed good regression relationships (R2 > 0.9989) within the test range and the recovery was in the range of 90.1–102.5%. The LODs of the seven analytes were between 0.2 and 1.17 µg/mL. The method was also validated for precision and accuracy and was successfully applied to the determination of these compounds in six batches of S. doederleinii from different areas. In conclusion, the present study provides a systematic and useful method for quality evaluation of S. doederleinii.
‘Guest–host’ effect in liquid crystal mixtures

The most important goal of our research is to show the influence of the ‘guest’ (bent-core mesogen, 1,3-phenyldicarboxylatebis{4-[(4-octylbenzoyl)sulphanyl]phenyl} [IFOS8], banana-shaped liquid crystal [BLC]) on the ‘host’ (calamitic liquid crystal [CLC], (S)-(+)-1-methylheptyloxybiphenyl-(4-n-octylphenyl)thiobenzoate [MHOBS8]), on the stability and the destabilization of the antiferroelectric B2 and the ferroelectric smectic C* (SmC*) phases, and change of the temperature ranges of other phases in the binary liquid crystal mixtures. This work is focused on polymorphism of three new binary liquid crystal mixtures, exhibiting a ‘guest–host’ (guest liquid crystal–host liquid crystal [GH-LC]) effect. MHOBS8 has, among others, a ferroelectric SmC* phase, and IFOS8 assumes the B2 phase with antiferroelectric properties. The observed properties of the mixtures, such as variation of the phase transition temperatures, spontaneous polarization, tilt angle and switching time, are characteristic of a ‘guest–host’ mixture. The influence of BLC on the character of the interactions within the CLC host is discussed, with particular attention paid to electro-optical properties of the GH-LC mixtures.
The Surface Wettability and Adhesion of Poly(Ester Urethane)s and Poly(Ether Urethane)s

In this study the wetting characteristics of untreated and plasma-treated polyurethane thin films were investigated. The degree of wettability was investigated by measuring the contact angle formed between a liquid drop and the solid surface. The work of adhesion, interfacial free energy, spreading coefficient, and Girifalco–Good's interaction parameter changed significantly for plasma-treated polyurethane films. Both complete and partial wetting were analyzed from the spreading coefficient of liquid drops on the solid substrate.
Variation in Soil Phosphorus Forms in Larix olgensis Plantations in Eastern Montane Area of Northeast China

Variation in total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), the forms of organic phosphorus (OP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) in rhizosphere soil (RS) and non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) at different development stages in larch (Larix olgensis) plantations was quantitively studied through field investigation, chemical analysis and statistical test. The results indicated that: AP, O-P (occluded phosphate), TP, OP in RS exhibited a significantly or apparently decreased tendency over stand age, but IP, Ca-P (phosphate combined with calcium) and Fe-P (phosphate combined with Ferrum) in RS presented a significantly or apparently increased trend when stand age increased; Ca-P in NRS increased when stand age became larger; Fe-P in half-mature stand (HMS), AP and Fe-P in near mature stand (NMS), AP and Ca-P in mature stand (MS) in NRS was higher than in RS
Student Achievement as an Investment in Human Capital: Using Longitudinal Patterns of Per Pupil Instructional and Capital Expenditures, Socioeconomic Status, and Past Performance in Predicting Student Achievement

STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AS AN INVESTMENT IN HUMAN CAPITAL: USING LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS OF PER-PUPIL INSTRUCTIONAL AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND PAST PERFORMANCE IN PREDICTING STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Charles A. Roberts Old Dominion University, 2011 Director of Advisory Committee: Dr. William Owings Co-Directors of Advisory Committee: Dr. John Nunnery Dr. Patricia Johnson Existing research illustrating a significant relationship between school spending and student achievement is expanding. However, research specifically investigating the relationships between capital expenditures (maintenance, renovations, and construction) and instructional expenditures (teacher quality, teacher salaries, textbooks, class size) with student achievement both individually, and as a function of overall school spending, is lacking. Recent studies have linked school spending to student achievement in an attempt to increase school funding as a response to No Child Left Behind Act (2001) mandates. This study attempts to augment this area of inquiry by providing feedback across the Commonwealth of Virginia on longitudinal patterns of student achievement as a function of longitudinal patterns of instructional and capital expenditures per pupil. Copyright, 2008, by Charles A. Roberts, All Rights Reserved
Role of Bouncing Potential in Molten Ash Impaction

The aim of the present study is to develop a model to predict the outcome of a molten ash particle impacting a heat-transfer surface. The main driving force for a splat at maximum spread state to recoil is the difference in surface energies of the splat and its equilibrium sessile drop state. If the difference in surface energies is significant, a vigorous recoiling then leads to rebounding. During the travel from splat to equilibrium state, the viscous dissipation in the rim opposes the recoiling process. By overcoming the dissipation loss, the splat reaches sessile drop state. If the drop possesses energy greater than the adhesion energy, it will detach itself from the surface; otherwise, it will deposit. A bouncing potential model based on this concept is derived and compared with models and experimental data in literature.
Theory and simulation of vibrational effects on structural measurements by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

Vibrational effects on structural parameters obtained by solid-state NMR are studied by theoretical calculations and molecular-dynamics simulations. The structural parameters treated contain internuclear distances between directly bonded or remote nuclei including nonproton pairs in a molecule and bond and dihedral angles. In addition to the intramolecular normal mode vibrations, the libration of the whole molecule is considered in the theory. It is shown that the molecular libration as well as the intramolecular vibrations reduce dipolar interactions, and consequently lengthen the internuclear distances obtained from the dipolar interactions (RNMR). In contrast, the internuclear distances obtained by single crystal x-ray or neutron diffraction (Rcor) are proved to be shortened by the molecular libration. Molecular-dynamics simulations for glycine molecules in the crystal at room temperature reveal that RNMR are 1%–4% longer than Rcor, confirming the theoretical results. It is also demonstrated that the e.
Temporal variation of water-soluble ions of free tropospheric aerosol particles over central Japan

Free tropospheric aerosol particles were collected at Mt. Norikura (36.1°N, 137.5°E, 2770 m a.s.l.) in Japan during May.October in 2001 and 2002. An automated sequential daily nighttime (00-06 a.m.) sampler collected free tropospheric aerosols. Average, median, SD, minimum and maximum concentrations of total ionic weight of the 114 samples were, respectively, 3.9, 2.8, 3.7, 0.2 and 23.2 μg m-3 Transport conditions were analysed using backward air trajectory with precipitation amounts along the trajectory. Results suggest that low aerosol mass concentration causes are (1) descending trajectories and (2) precipitation scavenging during transport without contacting boundary layer atmosphere until arrival. It is suggested that, without precipitation scavenging after entrainment into the free troposphere, aerosol transport from active emissions at the surface enhances mass concentration at Mt. Norikura. Average concentrations of NO3-, non-sea-salt (nss)K+ and C2O4 2- are high in March.June and low in winter. The highest average nssSO42-. concentration occurs in summer; it is high from spring through fall. Seasonal variation of NH4+ concentrations resembles that of nss SO4 2-, but the concentrations molar ratio (NH4 +/nssSO42-) is high (ca. 2) in spring and decreases to 1 in winter. Seasonal variation of NH4+ + NH3 concentration agrees with that of NH3 emissions in China.
Eco-efficient and green method for the enhanced dissolution of aromatic crude oil sludge using ionic liquids

The upstream petroleum industry faces operational and technical problems due to increased deposition of waxes, aromatics and asphaltene from crude oil sludge in oil storage tanks in the form of tank-bottom sludge (TBS). This results in huge production losses, and threatens environmentally safe operation; therefore, safer solutions are needed. In this work, nine aromatic ionic liquids (ILs) are synthesized and tested for the dissolution of TBS with the aid of five solvents, namely, toluene, heptane, decane, ethyl acetate and hexane. The UV absorbance values of the standard solutions (TBS in solvent) are compared with the sample solutions (TBS in solvent + ILs). It is observed that ILs significantly improve the dissolution of TBS in solvents compared with neat solvent alone. Different weight ratios of TBS : ILs (1 : 1, 1 : 0.5 and 1 : 0.1) are considered in this study. Ionic liquids (ILs) based on an imidazolium cation and various anions, such as [Cl]−, [Br]−, [BF4]−, [H2PO4]−, [HSO4]−, and [PF6]−, are considered in this investigation. It is observed that the dissolution of TBS in heptane in the presence of [HMIM]+[Br]− is efficient to a maximum extent of 66% with other solvents showing similar increased solubility effect with various ILs. In the case of hexane, it should be noted that the efficiency of dissolution of TBS goes on decreasing with increasing concentration of TBS in hexane. A hold-time study is also performed with heptane containing ILs and heptanes without ILs to determine the maximum time required for efficient dissolution of TBS. It is observed that the efficiency is increased beyond 66% in the presence of ILs for the dissolution of TBS in heptane, provided that the mixture of solvent and ILs are in contact with the TBS for a prolonged period of 30 days, or even longer as required. FT-IR and 13C-NMR spectral analyses are also performed so as to understand the efficiency of the ILs in the dissolution of TBS in various solvents, and it was observed that there is a decrease in the intensity of the peaks in the spectra of treated TBS with solvents, which is further enhanced by the addition of ILs.
Dependence of water vibrational dynamics upon different confining matrices

In the present work, we report a spectroscopic analysis of water confined in a powdered zeolite, Na A type, which is able to entrap 27 H2O molecules, by Fourier transform infrared absorption, performed in the OH stretching region, 3000–3800 cm−1. The investigation was carried out as a function of temperature and at different hydration levels. The spectroscopic results were interpreted in the framework of actual theories for associated liquids and on the basis of previously measurements performed in water confined in a different environment, a controlled silica glass (GelSil), by Raman scattering, always in the OH stretching region. The comparison between these two distinct cases of confinement condition unambiguously showed the role of structure maker played by the zeolite for confined water as opposed to the structure breaker character observed in the case of the GelSil matrix.
Critical analysis of total physical response as pedagogy

Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language-teaching method, developed by James Asher in the 1960s. In this critical analysis the theoretical origins of TPR were explored along with the work of James Asher. Twenty-three studies by Asher were examined in conjunction with others who have studied TPR, in order to understand the effectiveness of TPR as both a theory and pedagogy. In all studies examined, TPR (which focuses on listening comprehension) was found to be an effective means for producing near-perfect retention—even long-term. TPR was found to be a powerful method for teaching a second language. Thus, both the theoretical and pedagogical implications are consistent as evidenced by the critical analysis of the empirical studies. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to gratefully acknowledge the help and friendship of Barbara Flores who taught me not to fear thinking—and action. Special thanks to Enrique Murillo for reading my paper. Many thanks to Spencer Tibbitts for being one of the best friends ever. Thanks to my family, the best family in the universe, for being kind and supportive (and patient). A special thank you to my boyfriend, Vico Zuniga for telling me I could do it and to not give up. Additionally, thank you to the myriad of people who have helped me get to this point--even if all you did was listen to me talk when I was stressed--you rock!
The interaction between radiation and the Linen of Turin

In this paper, we study the possible interactions between radiation and the Linen of Turin. The work is in line with the research focused, by scholars and scientists, on the detection mechanism of the Shroud body image formation. We have analysed the interactions between thermal, UV and particle radiation with the linen fabric. The performed analysis shows that any hypothesis of the Shroud body image formation by radiation must be rejected. Only the background was produced by the action of electromagnetic radiation.