Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Virtualization and Cloud Computing in the Modern Computer Era

Organizations experience a tremendous metamorphosis in the dynamic terrain of the digital era, driven by the mutually beneficial expansion of virtualization and cloud computing. This essay explores the complex process of digital transformation, revealing the historical background of these two crucial technologies and how they interact to change the face of technology. The investigation commences by tracking the inception of virtualization and analyzing its progressive development from server consolidation to the all-encompassing abstraction of complete IT infrastructures. The story then moves smoothly to the advent of cloud computing, exploring how it broke free from traditional computer paradigms to offer previously unheard-of levels of scale, flexibility, and affordability. This technology schedules resource allocation to virtual machines (VMs) in a way that reduces energy consumption using algorithms. Due to their considerable obstacles, performance monitoring and security are two important virtualization-related concerns. This can lower expenses and increase data centers' environmental sustainability. Since 5G networks may offer the high-speed, low-latency connectivity needed to allow the utilization of virtual resources, they play a vital role in virtualization as well. Additionally, 5G networks can supply the bandwidth required for edge computing, which can lower latency and enhance the functionality of virtualized services. Because virtualization makes it possible to use resources effectively and provide services on demand, it is essential to cloud computing.
Encompassing YOLOv8 and EfficientNet B7 for Automatic License Plate Identification

The rapid urbanization and increased vehicular population in metropolitan areas have presented a formidable obstacle to the manual identification of license plates. The surge in vehicular activity has led to a complex task, requiring efficient surveillance of each vehicle for vital functions such as theft prevention and traffic regulation. In response to this intricate challenge, the deployment of an Automatic License Plate Recog-nition (ALPR) system emerges as a crucial necessity for smart city transportation. This research aims to develop an efficient ALPR system employing YOLOv8, the latest iteration in the YOLO series of object detection models, for license plate localization, and utilizing EfficientNet B7 for character recognition on the detected plates. The YOLOv8 license plate detection module achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP 50) of 99.5%, ensuring robust and reliable license plate localization. The character recognition component, utilizing EfficientNet B7, achieved an accuracy of 98.22%, further enhancing the system's overall performance and determining the amalgamation of YOLOv8 and EfficientNet B7 as an optimal solution. To validate the efficacy of our ALPR system, a diverse set of test data comprising various license plate types is employed. The system demonstrates remarkable identification accuracy, achieving a recognition rate of 96.6 %. These results highlight the practical feasibility and efficacy of our proposed ALPR system in real world applications.
Effects on Mowing Grasslands of Leymus chinensis by the Same Stress in Growing Season

By mowing stress mowing grassland of L.chinensis grassland in growing season,the regenerativity of its main population and community were studied.The results showed that different intensity and way of mowing stress greatly affected the population and community of herbage.As the increase of the intensity of mowing stress,the value of quantity characteristics of grassland herbage's population and community dropped increasingly.The later the date of the second mowing,the clearer the dropping trend of growing potential.Especially L.chinensis population,its dropping range of growing potential was the biggest,showing that L.chinensis population was short of standing mowing.From the yield and quality of regenerative herbage,high yield of herbage and high total protein could be obtained by mowing twice,and that came second by mowing once or three times.If the second crop was used too early by mowing twice,the yield of herbage would be reduced strikingly.Mowing three times had extremely unfavorable effect on L.chinensis population.The first and the second crop had relatively high protein content.Using the grassland too late would also reduce protein content of herbage,making the herbage quality drop.Comprehensive analysis indicated that in order to bring the most productive forces of grassland into full play,and to give consideration to the essential factors of both yield and quality,as well as to keep the grassland in good growing state and mowing twice a year and utilizing(that was the treatment of July 5 and September 5)towards ideal.But what we deserved attention was to lie planting fallow and mowing in turn.If the grassland was mowed and utilized once a year,the optimum mowing time should be extended towards the and of July and August 2.Ultimately the study proved that the traditionalsystem of mowing and utilizing in the local area would squander the grassland resources greatly.Therefore,to tap the productive potentialities of grasslands fully,the pattern of their traditional mowing and utilizing treatments should be changed.
Organic preservation of non-mineralizing organisms and the taphonomy of the Burgess Shale

Organic preservation of non-mineralizing animals constitutes an important part of the paleontological record, yet the processes involved have not been investigated in detail. Organic-walled fossils are generally explicable as a coincidence of original, relatively recalcitrant, extra-cellular materials and more or less anti-biotic depositional circumstances. One of the most pervasive natural inhibitors of biodegradation results from substrate and enzyme adsorption onto, and within, clay minerals; such interactions are likely responsible for many of the organic-walled fossils preserved in clastic sediments. Close examination of the fossil Lagerstätte of the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian, British Columbia) reveals that most of its so-called soft-bodied fossils are composed of primary (although kerogenized) organic carbon. Their preservation can be attributed to pervasive clay-organic interactions as the organisms were transported in a moving sediment cloud and buried with all cavities and spaces permeated with fine grained clays. The organic-walled Burgess Shale fossils were studied both in petrographic thin section and isolated from the rock matrix, following careful acid maceration. Isotopic analysis of bulk organic and carbonate carbon yielded values consistent with a normal marine paleoenvironment. Anatomical and histological consideration of the enigmatic Burgess worm Amiskwia suggest that it may in fact be a chaetognath, while the putative chordate Pikaia appears not to be related to modern cephalochordates.
Factors associated with older adults’ cognitive decline 6 months after gamma-variant SARS-CoV-2 infection

Background Cognitive deficits are commonly reported after COVID-19 recovery, but little is known in the older population. This study aims to investigate possible cognitive damage in older adults 6 months after contracting COVID-19, as well as individual risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 70 participants aged 60–78 with COVID-19 6 months prior and 153 healthy controls. Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Basic (MoCA-B) screened for cognitive impairment; Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory screened for depression and anxiety. Data were collected on demographics and self-reports of comorbid conditions. Results The mean age of participants was 66.97 ± 4.64 years. A higher proportion of individuals in the COVID group complained about cognitive deficits (χ2 = 3.574; p = 0.029) and presented with deficient MoCA-B scores (χ2 = 6.098, p = 0.014) compared to controls. After controlling for multiple variables, all the following factors resulted in greater odds of a deficient MoCA-B: COVID-19 6-months prior (OR, 2.44; p = 0.018), age (OR, 1.15; p < 0.001), lower income (OR, 0.36; p = 0.070), and overweight (OR, 2.83; p = 0.013). Further analysis pointed to individual characteristics in COVID-19-affected patients that could explain the severity of the cognitive decline: age (p = 0.015), lower income (p < 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.049), ageusia (p = 0.054), overweight (p < 0.001), and absence of cognitively stimulating activities (p = 0.062). Conclusion Our study highlights a profile of cognitive risk aggravation over aging after COVID-19 infection, which is likely mitigated by wealth but worsened in the presence of overweight. Ageusia at the time of acute COVID-19, anxiety, being overweight, and absence of routine intellectual activities are risk factors for more prominent cognitive decline among those infected by COVID-19.
Gaining masculine power through guns? The impact of masculinity threat on attitudes toward guns

Gun violence is a serious problem in the United States and elsewhere and more so among men than women. We conducted an experiment to examine if men whose masculinity was threatened are more attracted to guns than non-threatened men, presumably to compensate for the threat. After completing a gender knowledge test, men (N = 168) randomly received either false masculinity threatening (experimental condition) or masculinity affirming (control condition) feedback. Subsequently, we measured men’s attitudes toward guns and their choice of a gun-range voucher. Men whose masculinity was threatened (vs. affirmed) showed more positive attitudes toward guns and were more likely to choose the voucher. Both effects were statistically significant when the whole sample was analyzed and when very strict exclusion criteria were applied. However, when data exclusions were based on a suspicion check, effects were statistically significant only when a covariate was included (i.e., social dominance orientation, patriotism, or experience with guns). We discuss reasons for this mixed evidence, including the possibility that suspicion regarding the masculinity feedback could itself be a compensatory reaction to threat.
Investigating the polar ionosphere during the development of neutral density enhancements on 24–25 September 2000

We focus on the well‐known northern daytime neutral density spikes detected by CHAMP on 25 September 2000 and related coupled magnetospheric‐ionospheric‐thermospheric processes. We investigate the underlying magnetic events and resultant thermospheric variations plus the state of the ionospheric polar region by employing multi‐instrument CHAMP and DMSP data. Results show the unfolding of a weak (SYM‐HMin ≈ −27 nT; ~0345 UT) magnetic storm during which these northern density spikes occurred. Some smaller southern daytime density spikes were also detected prior to this storm on the previous day. All these density spikes were detected in or near polar convection flow channels (FCs). Each FC was characterized by strong antisunward zonal ion drifts that excited the zonal and meridional neutral winds leaving the signature of FC in the CHAMP neutral wind measurements and thus providing direct observational evidence of FC underlying the density spike. Additional to the small‐scale field‐aligned current (SS‐FAC) filaments, the sudden intensifications of ionospheric closure current in the FC fueled the thermosphere and contributed to the development of upwelling and density spike. Some smaller density increases occurred due to the weak intensification of ionospheric closure currents. Equatorward (poleward) directed meridional neutral winds strengthened (weakened) the density spike by moving the neutral density up and along (down and against) the upwelling fueled by the ionospheric closure current and SS‐FAC filaments.
Glycine is a transmitter in the human and chimpanzee cochlear nuclei

Introduction Auditory information is relayed from the cochlea via the eighth cranial nerve to the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei (DCN, VCN). The organization, neurochemistry and circuitry of the cochlear nuclei (CN) have been studied in many species. It is well-established that glycine is an inhibitory transmitter in the CN of rodents and cats, with glycinergic cells in the DCN and VCN. There are, however, major differences in the laminar and cellular organization of the DCN between humans (and other primates) and rodents and cats. We therefore asked whether there might also be differences in glycinergic neurotransmission in the CN. Methods We studied brainstem sections from humans, chimpanzees, and cats. We used antibodies to glycine receptors (GLYR) to identify neurons receiving glycinergic input, and antibodies to the neuronal glycine transporter (GLYT2) to immunolabel glycinergic axons and terminals. We also examined archival sections immunostained for calretinin (CR) and nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (NPNFP) to try to locate the octopus cell area (OCA), a region in the VCN that rodents has minimal glycinergic input. Results In humans and chimpanzees we found widespread immunolabel for glycine receptors in DCN and in the posterior (PVCN) and anterior (AVCN) divisions of the VCN. We found a parallel distribution of GLYT2-immunolabeled fibers and puncta. The data also suggest that, as in rodents, a region containing octopus cells in cats, humans and chimpanzees has little glycinergic input. Discussion Our results show that glycine is a major transmitter in the human and chimpanzee CN, despite the species differences in DCN organization. The sources of the glycinergic input to the CN in humans and chimpanzees are not known.
The influence of a debris cover on the midsummer discharge of Dome Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains

Meltwater discharge patterns of two glacierized mountain basins in the Canadian Rocky Mountains are compared over the same 25-day period in 1994 and 1995. The glaciers under study are the Dome and Athabasca; both situated in the Columbia Icefield. The two glaciers lie adjacent to one another and are similar in size, orientation, and range in elevation. They differ however, in their surficial characteristics. While the ablation zone of the Athabasca Glacier is mostly debris free, the ablation zone of the Dome Glacier displays an extensive debris cover. It is postulated that this debris cover significantly influences the diurnal discharge patterns of the Dome Glacier's meltwater stream producing different discharge patterns to those observed in the Athabasca Glacier meltwater stream. Results indicate that the debris cover on the Dome Glacier acts as a regulator of streamflow producing annual variances of volumetric discharge of only 1.0% between 1994 and 1995 as compared with 24% for the debris-free Athabasca Glacier.
A hospital-based study of survival in oral cancer patients of Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai

Introduction Oral cancer represents a significant global public health concern, with the death rate for lip and oral cavity malignancies experiencing a 1.40-fold increase worldwide in the past three decades. This retrospective study aimed to comprehensively understand overall survival (OS) and the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer. Materials and methods The study focused on oral cancer patients enrolled in 2016 and treated at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, with a follow-up period extending to 5 years until 2021. Utilising the Kaplan–Meier technique and log-rank test, we examined OS and variations based on sociodemographic factors, while the Cox proportional hazard model allowed us to investigate the simultaneous impact of multiple factors on OS. Results A total of 1,895 eligible participants were included. The overall 5-year survival rate was 65%. After adjusting for age, gender, education, primary site, tumour grade, TNM staging, treatment intention, status and modality, we found in our study oral cancer patients aged more than 60 years (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–1.85, p-value 0.03), patients who had poorly differentiated carcinoma (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.56–3.81, p-value < 0.001), belonged to stage IV as per TNM staging (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.65–3.61, p-value < 0.001), patient who have received partial treatment (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.65–3.61, p-value < 0.001) and only chemotherapy (HR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.43–5.23, p-value < 0.001) found to have a higher hazard of dying while literate (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56–0.95, p-value 0.02) are protective. Limitations The retrospective nature of the study posed constraints in exploring additional variable associations. Implication Overall early detection, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up are critical for improving the survival rate of patients with oral cavity cancer. Conclusion This research proposes that improving the socioeconomic status and promoting proactive treatment-seeking behaviour is crucial for enhancing the survival of oral cancer patients. Cancer hospitals, in collaboration with the wider public healthcare system in India, which includes clinicians and policymakers, should consider these suggestions to enhance cancer treatment and control in low–middle-income countries.
Patients’ Expectations in Emergency Department at King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) are vital to the timely and necessary care that a significant percentage of patients get. Emergency medicine places a high priority on quality, and to deliver patient-centered care, it is crucial to first investigate patient expectations from ER visits. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study of all visits to the King Abdulaziz University Hospital Emergency Department in Jeddah. The study included adult patients who visited the emergency department and were willing to complete a survey and participate in an interview. Data was collected through face-to-face questionnaires. Patient’s expectations during their visit to the emergency department were correlated to different parameters using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The study included 291 patients. The majority of patients believed that their medical condition required admission to the hospital and agreed that it would be easier to receive treatment if admitted to the hospital. Results showed that 65.6% (n=191) of patients reported that the most serious patients should be seen first, and 65.3% (n=190) reported that a doctor should determine the seriousness of their health problem upon arrival. There was no significant difference found between age groups in relation to other items of expectations. Conclusion: It is clear that a sizable percentage of patients place a high value on seeing the most urgent cases first and having a doctor assess each patient's condition when they arrive. Our results show that, in order to guarantee the best patient happiness and care, healthcare practitioners must meet patients' expectations and modify their strategies accordingly.
Therapeutic Potential for Sphingolipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer

Simple Summary Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer a lifelong disease of gastrointestinal inflammation. Furthermore, those with IBD demonstrate high risk in developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Rising cases of pediatric and adult onset IBD highlight a growing concern for addressing and alleviating inflammation to not only improve quality of life, but also curb the development of CRC. Disrupted sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in the promotion of inflammation in IBD, creating an environment favoring the development of CRC. This has led to the examination of enzymes and receptors in sphingolipid metabolism as therapeutic targets for IBD and CRC. This review discusses modulators of key sphingolipid targets and their potential in attenuating gastrointestinal inflammation from cell culture models to patient trials. Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract, increases the risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Sphingolipids, which have been implicated in IBD and CRC, are a class of bioactive lipids that regulate cell signaling, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and survival. The balance between ceramide (Cer), the central sphingolipid involved in apoptosis and differentiation, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent signaling molecule involved in proliferation and inflammation, is vital for the maintenance of normal cellular function. Altered sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in IBD and CRC, with many studies highlighting the importance of S1P in inflammatory signaling and pro-survival pathways. A myriad of sphingolipid analogues, inhibitors, and modulators have been developed to target the sphingolipid metabolic pathway. In this review, the efficacy and therapeutic potential for modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in IBD and CRC will be discussed.
Usefulness of Procalcitonin Levels for Predicting the Microbiological Orientation in Patients with Sepsis

The main objective of the study was to verify whether levels of procalcitonin (PCT) could guide us toward determining the type of bacteria causing the sepsis and to identify the discriminatory cut-off point in the first urgent laboratory test. This study is a single center retrospective analysis that includes 371 patients with a mean age of 71.7 ± 15.6 years who were diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. The yield of blood cultures in demonstrating the causative microbiological agent was 24.3% (90), and it was 57, 1% (212) when evaluating all types of cultures. Statistically significant positive differences were observed in the mean value of the PCT between the group that obtained positive cultures and the group that did not (p < 0.0001). The AUC-ROC of PCT values as a guide to the causal bacteria type was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.57–0.78, p < 0.0021). The PCT value that showed the best diagnostic characteristics for identifying Gram-negative rods (GNR) as the causative agent in blood cultures was 2.1 ng/mL. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 78, 9% (66.3–88.1%). The AUC-ROC of the PCT values for sepsis diagnosis, with any positive culture that could be assessed, was 0.67 (95%CI: 0.63–0.73, p < 0.0001). The PCT value that showed the best diagnostic characteristic for predicting sepsis was 3.6 ng/mL.
Datation directe d'un crâne Proto-Cro-Magnon de Qafzeh par la spectrométrie gamma non destructive

One of the Qafzeh human skulls, Qafzeh 6, excavated in 1934 by Neuville and Stekelis and conserved at the Institut de Paleontologie Humaine in Paris was dated by non-destructive gamma-ray spectrometry. A long-term measurement resulted in a uranium-thorium age of 80 ± 24 kyr and a uranium-protactinium age of 94 ± 10 kar. These ages, in agreement with the TL age of burnt flints of the same site, 92 ± 5 kar, confirm the great antiquity of the Proto-Cro-Magnons of the Near East, and contribute to the establishment of modern Man's chronology.