Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHINET 2007 surveillance of bacterial resistance in China

Objective To investigate the resistance of clinical isolates from hospitals in several provinces in China. MethodsTen general hospitals and two children's hospitals were involved in this program. Bacterial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method. Results were analyzed according to CLSI 2007. ResultsA total of 36 001 clinical isolates were collected from January through December 2007,of which Gram negative organisms and Gram positive cocci accounted for 65.7% and34.3% respectively. Methicillin resistant strains in Staphylococcus spp (MRSA and MRCNS) accounted for an average of 58% and 77%. The resistance rates of MR strains to β-lactams and other antimicrobial agents were much higher than those of methicillin-sensitive strains. However,about 60%-80% of the MR strains were still susceptible to fosfomycin,TMP-SMZ and rifampin. No vancomycin,teicoplanin or linezolid resistant strains were found. In Enterococcus spp,the resistance rate of E. faecalis strains to most drugs tested was lower than that of E. faecium. However,the resistance rate of the later strains to chloramphenicol was only 6%. Resistance rates of E. faecalis strains to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin were below 10%. Several strains resistant to vancomycin and teicoplanin were found in both E. faecalis and E. faecium,which was VanA type resistance as confirmed by PCR technique. ESBLs producing strains were detected in 55% and 45% of strains of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. (K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca) respectively. Beta-lactamase producing strains in H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were 27.4% and 96.1% respectively. Penicillin non-susceptible strains (PISP+PRSP) accounted for 88.5% and 26.4% in children's strains and adult strains respectively. Strains of Enterobacteriaceae were still highly susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. The overall resistance rate to both imipenem and meropenem was lower than 1%. Resistance rate of P. aeruginosa strains to imipenem and meropenem was in average of 36% and 28.5% respectively. Resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp to the above two drugs were 40% and 35% respectively. Minocycline had good activity against S. maltophilia and Burkholderia spp. The isolates resistant to minocycline were less than 5%. The resistance rates of non-fermentative Gram negative organisms to antimicrobial agents tested were much higher than those of Enterobacteriaceae,the resistance rates to cefoperazone-sulbactam being the lowest among all the drugs tested. Pan-resistant Gram negative strains were found in most hospitals,mostly P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. ,and strains of K. pneumoniae and C. freundii to a lesser extent.ConclusionsBacterial resistance is still increasing,especially VRE,MDR and pan-resistant strains in Gram negative organisms. It is mandatory for hospitals to take effective control measures.
Modeling mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of different vegetable structures under vacuum conditions

Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a method to partially reduce moisture of food, aiming to improve the shelf life and the stability of the products. The mass transfer that occurs during this process can be enhanced with the application of reduced pressure in the first minutes of the osmotic dehydration (pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration - PVOD). The present work aimed to study the vacuum effect on the kinetics of osmotic dehydration of vegetables (carrot, eggplant and beetroot) in terms of water loss, solids gain and water activity, in ternary solution. Moreover, mathematical modeling of experimental data obtained from the osmotic processes, was employed for correlating the mass transfer of the food product under the different conditions. An intensification of mass transfer was observed for carrot and eggplant in the vacuum treatments. This was related to their porous structure. The present work demonstrated a lack of fit of Fick’s second law for describing the dehydration kinetics of the eggplant.
What is the role of the academic in community archaeology? The changing nature of volunteer participation at Caistor Roman town

ABSTRACT This paper charts the long-term development of a community archaeology project at the Roman town of Venta Icenorum (UK), which started as community participation in a university research project and has ultimately developed into a more equal partnership between academia and the voluntary sector. The paper describes the changing nature of community participation over the 13-year arc of the project to date, and looks at the relationship between academic research and voluntary participation in archaeology. It discusses the tensions between the needs of research and those of a successful community heritage project, particularly in light of the demands driven by the inclusion of ‘impact’ in the Research Excellence Framework (REF).
Effectiveness of an Education Program on Knowledge of Primary School Teachers toward Mumps Disease

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an education program on primary school teachers’ knowledge toward mumps disease and to identify the relationship between the primary school teachers’ knowledge and some demographic variables. Quantitative research a quasi-experimental design (pre-post tests) has been used in the present study for the period of January 2018 to the end of June 2019. A nonprobability (purposive sample) sample of 60 teachers has been selected from 30 primary schools in Holy Kerbala City. The sample of the study was divided into two groups: (30) teachers for the study group, who have been exposed to the education program, and (30) teachers for the control group, who not exposed to the education program. The groups are almost matched relative to their characteristics. The questionnaire was submitted to the teachers for the pre-test before the implementation of the program. Post-test I was conducted immediately after that. Post-test II was conducted two months later. The findings of the data analysis indicate that the teachers’ knowledge among the study group improves as a result of the implementation of the education program. Among the control group, there is no significant difference in the level of teachers’ knowledge. The study recommends the cooperation between the Ministry of Education with the Ministry of Health to develop a national plan regarding mumps and other communicable diseases to raise the awareness of the school community (students, teaching, and non? teaching staff, and parents) regarding this diseases.
Validity and Reliability of the Thai Version of the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (G.A.I.T.)

Introduction. The Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (G.A.I.T.) is well-accepted for determining changes in gait quality in neurological patients. This study is aimed at translating the G.A.I.T. to Thai and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods. The Thai translation and back-translation into English were done according to international guidelines. Sixty-eight patients with subacute to chronic stroke were recruited. Concurrent validity was determined by the correlation coefficient between the Thai G.A.I.T. scale and a comfortable vs. fast gait speed. The convergent validity was determined by the correlation coefficient between the Thai G.A.I.T. and the lower extremity Motricity Index, the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Interrater reliability was assessed using videos of 68 patients analysed by two independent raters. Each rater was randomly assigned to rescore the Thai G.A.I.T. for each patient over at least two weeks to assess intrarater reliability. Results. The concurrent validity of the Thai G.A.I.T. vs. the respective comfortable and fast gait speeds was excellent (Rs=−0.79 and Rs=−0.68, p<0.001). The respective convergent validity with the lower extremity Motricity Index, NIHSS, and FAC was Rs=−0.62, 0.57, and -0.51, respectively. The respective inter- and intrarater reliabilities were excellent (ICC=0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.96 and 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.97). Conclusion. A Thai version of the G.A.I.T. was developed, and its validity and reliability for use among patients with subacute to chronic stroke were established. Further work regarding the responsiveness of the tool is needed.
Dario kajal Britz & Kullander, 2013 (Percomorpha, Badidae): the first documentation of the genus Dario Kullander & Britz, 2002 from Bangladesh

We document for the first time in Bangaldesh Dario kajal Britz & Kullander, 2013, a little-known miniature badid species originally described from the Jaintia Hills, India. We provide records of 8 specimens from 3 localities, of which, 2 are in the Meghna basin. Our finding also confirms its distribution from the Brahmaputra drainage, about 300 km southwest from the type locality. The genus Dario Kullander & Britz, 2002 was previously unknown from Bangladesh.
Dynamic Market Making with Asymmetric Information and Market Power

We study the dynamics of bid-ask spread and trading volume using a multi-period trading model with asymmetric information and oligopolistic market makers. Market makers optimally make offsetting trades in "bid" and "ask" markets by adjusting bid and ask prices/depths to avoid holding inventories. We find that when market makers have significant market power, other traders optimally smooth out their trading even though they are not strategic. Consequently, trading persists even after arrivals of information and liquidity shocks. Traders trade quickly to compete on their private information while postponing their hedging trades until later periods. As a result, both trading volume and bid-ask spread may exhibit U-shaped patterns. More trading rounds mitigate market makers' market power, and thus decrease bid and ask spreads and increase total trading volume. Therefore, while a higher trading frequency benefits traders, it may hurt market makers.
The role of social support for social workers engaged in preventing radicalization and violent extremism

ABSTRACT Over the last decade, social workers have been engaged in prevention work against violent extremism in the United Kingdom and the Nordic countries. There are scholarly findings of professional uncertainty among social workers carrying out this task, but the influence of organizational factors and support have not yet been studied in this context. This paper fills some of that gap with findings from research using 17 in-depth and two focus group interviews with experienced social workers involved in prevention work against radicalization and violent extremism. Theoretically, this paper applies Cutrona and Russell’s theory of social support to its findings. The analysis revealed that professional acknowledgement is important for these social workers and that being given time and understanding of how this work impacts professionals on a personal level is a critical part of their interaction with peers and managers. Supportive measures, such as peer support, debriefing, and supervision, are also essential parts of maintaining well-being in the aftermath of these client encounters. Additionally, the novel contribution of this paper is that, for practitioners in a mixed and still evolving practice field, these support services may also strengthen prevention workers to remain close to their professional principles and focus on emancipating, not controlling their target group.
Global transcriptome analysis of the Myxococcus xanthus multicellular developmental program

The bacteria Myxococcus xanthus exhibit a complex multicellular life cycle. In the presence of nutrients, cells prey cooperatively. Upon starvation, they enter a developmental cycle wherein cells aggregate to produce macroscopic fruiting bodies filled with resistant myxospores. We used RNA-Seq technology to examine the global transcriptome of the 96 h developmental program. This data revealed that many genes were sequentially expressed in discrete modules, with expression peaking during aggregation, in the transition from aggregation to sporulation, or during sporulation. Analysis of genes expressed at each specific time point provided a global framework integrating regulatory factors coordinating motility and differentiation in the developmental program. These data provided insights as to how starving cells obtain energy and precursors necessary for assembly of fruiting bodies and into developmental production of secondary metabolites. This study offers the first global view of developmental transcriptional profiles and provides an important scaffold for future studies. IMPACT STATEMENT Investigation of global gene expression profiles during formation of the Myxococcus xanthus specialized biofilm reveals a genetic regulatory network that coordinates cell motility, differentiation, and secondary metabolite production.
Morphometric traits of shells determine external attack and internal utilization marks in the Roman snail in eastern Germany

Abstract. Overexploitation, habitat destruction and a changing climate threaten populations of the Roman snail (Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758), which has led to a high protection status in Germany. Vertebrate and invertebrate predators, including parasites and facultative parasitoids, further cause pressure on populations. Given the conservation concern for H. pomatia and its rarity in the study region (Cottbus, Germany), we studied how predators and facultative parasitoids utilize H. pomatia shells with a focus on non-invasive field methods. As previous studies indicated that shell size may affect prey selection by predators, morphometric traits were measured in eight subpopulations. We identified the total number and percentage of H. pomatia shells that showed external attack marks by predators and internal utilization marks by Diptera pupae and related those utilization patterns to the morphometric traits of shells. A large proportion of the shells in local subpopulations showed signs of external attack and internal utilization, and both utilization forms were positively correlated. External attacks by predators were more frequent in larger shells and internal utilization by Diptera was more common in shells with higher body density. These results suggest a considerable pressure by predators and potential facultative parasitoids on H. pomatia populations in the study area. Future research should focus on the relationship between snails from the family Helicidae and flies from the genus Discomyza. Conservation programmes should consider abiotic habitat conditions together with potential trophic interactions to maximize the success of conservation strategies.
Big data for a large clade: Bioregionalization and ancestral range estimation in the daisy family (Asteraceae)

In recent years biogeography has been transformed by the increased availability of large‐scale distributional data, phylogenies, and novel quantitative analysis methods and models. More case studies, however, are needed to test the performance of various approaches, in particular at global scales and in species‐rich groups. In this study, we inferred bioregionalization and estimated ancestral areas for the largest plant family, the Asteraceae.
Distribution and habitat use of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus along the south coast of South Africa

The distribution and habitat use of the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus along the south coast of South Africa was investigated using bi-monthly boat-based surveys, from 2013 to 2016, over a distance of 145 km between the Goukamma and Tsitsikamma marine protected areas (MPAs). Survey effort totalled 6 239 km and 750.6 hours. Encounters occurred throughout the area (n = 200) and more frequently during winter. Pod sizes ranged from 1 to 350 animals (mean = 45), with calves mostly associated with larger groups. During 70% of the encounters, at least a single calf was present (up to 80 calves; mean = 5) and calves were more prevalent during summer. Encounters occurred mostly in shallower (mean = 11.3 m) and warmer (mean = 17.4 °C) waters. Groups aggregated in larger sizes in colder waters. Most encounters were in Plettenberg Bay and the Goukamma MPA, both of which are characterised by sandy bottoms and sheltered areas. Encounter rates were lowest in rocky and exposed areas, but dolphin groups in such locations were larger and usually travelling. There was a relatively low association of T. aduncus groups with MPAs, except for a sandy area in the Goukamma MPA in particular, suggesting some mismatch between favourable T. aduncus habitat and habitat protection.
Estimating maximum mineral associated organic carbon in UK grasslands

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration across agroecosystems worldwide can contribute to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing levels of atmospheric CO2. Mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) is considered an important long-term store of SOC and the saturation deficit (difference between measured MAOC and estimated maximum MAOC) is frequently used to assess SOC sequestration potential following the linear regression equation developed by Hassink (1997). However, this approach is often taken without any assessment of the fit of the equation to the soils being studied. The statistical limitations of linear regression have previously been noted, giving rise to the proposed use of boundary line (BL) analysis and quantile regression (QR) to provide more robust estimates of maximum SOC stabilisation. The objectives of this work were to assess the suitability of the Hassink (1997) equation to estimate maximum MAOC in UK grassland soils of varying sward ages and to evaluate the linear regression, BL and QR methods to estimate maximum MAOC. A chronosequence of 10 grasslands was sampled, in order to assess the relationship between sward age (time since last reseeding event) and current and predicted maximum MAOC. Significantly different regression equations show that the Hassink (1997) equation does not accurately reflect maximum MAOC in UK grasslands when determined using the proportion of fine soil fraction and current MAOC. The QR estimate of maximum SOC stabilisation was almost double that of linear regression and BL analysis (0.89 ± 0.074, 0.43 ± 0.017 and 0.57 ± 0.052 g C kg−1 soil, respectively). Sward age had an inconsistent effect on the measured variables and potential maximum MAOC. MAOC across the grasslands made up 4.5 to 55.9 % of total SOC, implying that there may be either high potential for additional C sequestration in the mineral fraction of these soils, or stabilisation in aggregates is predominant in these grassland soils. This work highlights the need to ensure that methods used to predict maximum MAOC reflect the soil in situ, resulting in more accurate assessments of carbon sequestration potential.
Complications after post placental insertion of Cu T 380 A in women undergoing caesarean delivery

Background: India is the second most populated country in the world after China with more than a billion people and has highest number of maternal deaths in the world. The aim of the study was to find out the complications after insertion of post placental Cu T 380 A in women undergoing caesarean delivery.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Dr RPGMC Kangra (Rural Medical College) after taking approval of Protocol Review and Institutional Ethics Committee of the Institution. A total of 104 women delivering by caesarean section and wanting post-placental intra-caesarean Cu T 380 A insertion and who were meeting WHO standard medical criteria for PPIUCD insertion and were willing to comply with the study protocol was recruited for the study.Results: There were no major complications and only minor side effects like pain and fever were observed in 6.25 and 6.90 and 9.37 and 11.11% of women who were admitted electively and in emergency, respectively during follow-up visit up to 6 months. String became visible in 72.12% of women at the 6 weeks follow-up visit and their visibilities increased with time and at 6 months follow-up in 90.81% of the cases. Continuation rate was 100% at 6 weeks post-partum follow-up. After that spontaneous expulsion occurred in 4 cases (3.84%) and another 4 women (3.84%) requested removal for various reasons leading to continuation rate of 92.30% at six months post-partum follow-up. There was no case of pregnancy with Cu T in situ with no failure at the end of study at six months post-partum.Conclusions: Post placental insertion of Cu T 380 A in women undergoing caesarean section was safe and effective method of postpartum family planning, the complaints and complications initially increased but decreased at 6 months follow-up.
A Review of Electricity Demand Forecasting in Low and Middle Income Countries: The Demand Determinants and Horizons

With the globally increasing electricity demand, its related uncertainties are on the rise as well. Therefore, a deeper insight of load forecasting techniques for projecting future electricity demands becomes imperative for business entities and policy makers. The electricity demand is governed by a set of different variables or “electricity demand determinants”. These demand determinants depend on forecasting horizons (long term, medium term, and short term), the load aggregation level, climate, and socio-economic activities. In this paper, a review of different electricity demand forecasting methodologies is provided in the context of a group of low and middle income countries. The article presents a comprehensive literature review by tabulating the different demand determinants used in different countries and forecasting the trends and techniques used in these countries. A comparative review of these forecasting methodologies over different time horizons reveals that the time series modeling approach has been extensively used while forecasting for long and medium terms. For short term forecasts, artificial intelligence-based techniques remain prevalent in the literature. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the demand determinants in these countries indicates a frequent use of determinants like the population, GDP, weather, and load data over different time horizons. Following the analysis, potential research gaps are identified, and recommendations are provided, accordingly.
The Financial Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

We are living through extraordinary times as the United States has struggled to deal with the global COVID-19 pandemic, and as of the writing of this paper, we remain in the midst of the crisis. We still do not know what the full economic and financial consequences of the pandemic will be, but they are likely to persist for an extended period, as many people are unlikely to return to normal work or consumption patterns soon, and household and business defaults are likely to increase and negatively affect the financial sector. This paper, written to assist faculty in teaching about the pandemic, focuses on key actions taken by the financial regulators in response to the crisis so far, giving a detailed summary of the actions taken by the Federal Reserve, the Treasury Department, and Congress. We discuss the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy actions, emergency lending facilities, and supervisory forbearance by the federal banking agencies. We also provide a summary of financial provisions of the CARES Act, including an analysis of the Paycheck Protection Program. We explore a number of central themes already emerging, including the blurry line between monetary policy and fiscal policy. We also highlight the fact that unlike the Financial Crisis of 2008, today’s economic crisis is caused by the failure to take sufficient public health actions to contain a global pandemic, not poor policy and risk choices in the financial markets; the fact that the crisis is caused by a public health failure poses unique problems for economic and financial policymakers in crafting responses.