Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Everyday technology use among people with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Objectives To explore the relevance of and ability to use everyday technology (ET) among people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and to explore associations between ET use and global cognition and motor ability. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional data was collected from 34 people with PD using the Short Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire+ (S-ETUQ+), the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results Out of 41 ETs in the S-ETUQ+, the mean number perceived as relevant was 27.5 (min-max 19–35, SD 3.6). A good ability to use ET was reported where many ETs had a challenge measure below participants’ ability to use them. A strong positive correlation between the ability to use ET and global cognition (MoCA) (r = .676, p = <0.01) was shown. Conclusions ET use has become integrated into everyday life and is important for participation. This study showed a high relevance of and good ability to use ET and a correlation between ET use and global cognition among people with mild-moderate PD. Evaluation and support to use ET in PD are important for maintaining independence and participation, especially among those with cognitive decline.
Skyrmion‐Excited Spin‐Wave Fractal Networks

Magnetic skyrmions exhibit unique, technologically relevant pseudo‐particle behaviors which arise from their topological protection, including well‐defined, 3D dynamic modes that occur at microwave frequencies. During dynamic excitation, spin waves are ejected into the interstitial regions between skyrmions, creating the magnetic equivalent of a turbulent sea. However, since the spin waves in these systems have a well‐defined length scale, and the skyrmions are on an ordered lattice, ordered structures from spin‐wave interference can precipitate from the chaos. This work uses small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) to capture the dynamics in hybrid skyrmions and investigate the spin‐wave structure. Performing simultaneous ferromagnetic resonance and SANS, the diffraction pattern shows a large increase in low‐angle scattering intensity, which is present only in the resonance condition. This scattering pattern is best fit using a mass fractal model, which suggests the spin waves form a long‐range fractal network. The fractal structure is constructed of fundamental units with a size that encodes the spin‐wave emissions and are constrained by the skyrmion lattice. These results offer critical insights into the nanoscale dynamics of skyrmions, identify a new dynamic spin‐wave fractal structure, and demonstrate SANS as a unique tool to probe high‐speed dynamics.
Discovery of potential biomarkers for osteoporosis diagnosis by individual omics and multi-omics technologies

ABSTRACT Introduction Global aging has made osteoporosis an increasingly serious public health problem. Osteoporotic fractures seriously affect the quality of life of patients and increase disability and mortality rates. Early diagnosis is important for timely intervention. The continuous development of individual- and multi-omics methods is helpful for the exploration and discovery of biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Areas covered In this review, we first introduce the epidemiological status of osteoporosis and then describe the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the latest progress in individual- and multi-omics technologies for exploring biomarkers for osteoporosis diagnosis is summarized. Moreover, we clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the application of osteoporosis biomarkers obtained using the omics method. Finally, we put forward valuable views on the future research direction of diagnostic biomarkers of osteoporosis. Expert opinion Omics methods undoubtedly provide greatly contribute to the exploration of diagnostic biomarkers of osteoporosis; however, in the future, the clinical validity and clinical utility of the obtained potential biomarkers should be thoroughly examined. In addition, the improvement and optimization of the detection methods for different types of biomarkers and standardization of the detection process guarantee the reliability and accuracy of the detection results.
Designing new residence halls based on the universi ty students' architectural and psychological preferences

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Collins asymmetries in inclusive charged KK and K pairs produced in e

Asymmetries in Inclusive charged KK and K pairs Produced In e[superscript +]e[superscript ] annihilation. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters.
Automation complacency on the road

Abstract Given that automation complacency, a hitherto controversial concept, is already used to blame and punish human drivers in current accident investigations and courts, it is essential to map complacency research in driving automation and determine whether current research can support its legitimate usage in these practical fields. Here, we reviewed its status quo in the domain and conducted a thematic analysis. We then discussed five fundamental challenges that might undermine its scientific legitimation: conceptual confusion exists in whether it is an individual versus systems problem; uncertainties exist in current evidence of complacency; valid measures specific to complacency are lacking; short-term laboratory experiments cannot address the long-term nature of complacency and thus their findings may lack external validity; and no effective interventions directly target complacency prevention. The Human Factors/Ergonomics community has a responsibility to minimise its usage and defend human drivers who rely on automation that is far from perfect. Practitioner summary: Human drivers are accused of complacency and overreliance on driving automation in accident investigations and courts. Our review work shows that current academic research in the driving automation domain cannot support its legitimate usage in these practical fields. Its misuse will create a new form of consumer harms.
The 2023 Duke-ISCVID Criteria for Infective Endocarditis: Updating the Modified Duke Criteria.

The microbiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) have changed significantly since the Duke Criteria were published in 1994 and modified in 2000. The International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) convened a multidisciplinary Working Group to update the diagnostic criteria for IE. The resulting 2023 Duke-ISCVID IE Criteria propose significant changes, including new microbiology diagnostics (enzyme immunoassay for Bartonella species, PCR, amplicon/metagenomic sequencing, in situ hybridization), imaging ([18F]FDG PET/CT, Cardiac Computed Tomography), and inclusion of intraoperative inspection as a new Major Clinical Criterion. The list of "typical" microorganisms causing IE was expanded and includes pathogens to be considered as typical only in the presence of intracardiac prostheses. The requirements for timing and separate venipunctures for blood cultures were removed. Last, additional predisposing conditions (transcatheter valve implants, endovascular cardiac implantable electronic devices, prior IE) were clarified. These diagnostic criteria should be updated periodically by making the ISCVID-Duke Criteria available online as a "Living Document".
Quantum Jumps and Measurement Backaction in a Superconducting Qubit

Author(s): Slichter, Daniel Huber | Advisor(s): Siddiqi, Irfan | Abstract: Real-time monitoring of a quantum state provides powerful tools for studying the backaction of quantum measurement and performing quantum feedback. Historically, this monitoring capability has been the exclusive province of atomic and optical physics. This thesis describes the implementation of the first such high-fidelity readout scheme in a solid state circuit, a superconducting quantum bit (qubit) coupled to a microwave cavity in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) architecture. The qubit-state-dependent resonance frequency of the cavity is probed with a microwave drive tone, and the resulting signal amplified using a fast, ultralow-noise superconducting parametric amplifier. This arrangement enables the observation of quantum jumps between the qubit states in real time. The ability to monitor the qubit continuously with high fidelity and resolve quantum jumps can be used to investigate the backaction of the measurement process on the qubit. This thesis examines the quantum Zeno effect--where strong measurement inhibits the evolution of a quantum system-- as well as the transition to non-ideal measurement with increasing measurement strength in the circuit QED architecture, a phenomenon shown to be due to the upconversion of low-frequency dephasing noise. These data allow probes of ``universal'' flux noise in previously inaccessible frequency ranges. The work presented here opens the door for quantum feedback and error correction in solid-state quantum systems using continuous weak measurement.
Geodesic Flows on Negatively Curved Manifolds I

Let M be a complete Riemannian manifold with sectional curvature KsO, SM the unit tangent bundle of M, T the geodesic flow on SM and il ç S/W the set of nonwandering points relative to 7',. T¡ is topologically mixing (respectively lopologically transitive) on SM if for any open sets 0, U of SM there exisrs
Anisotropy of the He+, C+, N+, O+, and Ne+ pickup ion velocity distribution functions

Context. Interstellar and inner-source pickup ions (PUIs) are produced by the ionization of neutral atoms that originate either outside or inside the heliosphere. Just after ionization, the singly charged ions are picked up by the magnetized solar wind plasma and develop strong anisotropic toroidal features in their velocity distribution functions (VDF). As the plasma parcel moves outwards with the solar wind, the pickup ion VDF gets more and more affected by resonant wave-particle interactions, changing heliospheric conditions, and plasma drifts, which lead to a gradual isotropization of the pickup ion VDF. Past investigations of the pickup ion torus distribution were limited to He pickup ions at 1 astronomical unit (AU). Aims. The aim of this study is to quantify the state of anisotropy of the He, C, N, O, and Ne pickup ion VDF at 1 AU. Changes between the state of anisotropy between PUIs of different mass-per-charges can be used to estimate the significance of resonant waveparticle interactions for the isotropization of their VDF, and to investigate the numerous simplifications that are generally made for the description of the phase-space transport of PUIs. Methods. Pulse height analysis data by the PLAsma and SupraThermal Ion Composition instrument (PLASTIC) on board the Solar Terrestrial RElations Observatory Ahead (STEREO A) is used to obtain velocity-spectra of He, C, N, O, and Ne relative to the solar wind, f (wsw). The wsw-spectra are sorted by two different configurations of the local magnetic field – one in which the torus distribution lies within the instrument’s aperture, φ⊥, and one in which the torus distribution lies exclusively outside the instrument’s field of view, φ‖. The ratio of the PUI spectra between φ⊥ and φ‖ is used to determine the degree of anisotropy of the PUI VDF. Results. The data shows that the formation of a torus distribution at 1 AU is significantly more prominent for O (and N) than for He (and Ne). This cannot be explained by resonant wave-particle interactions as the sole mechanism for the isotropization of the PUI VDF. The anisotropy of the O VDF compared to He is highly fluctuating but consistently higher over an observation period of six years and therefore unlikely to be related to either specific heliospheric conditions or solar activity variations. To our surprise, we also found a clear signature of a C torus distribution at 1 AU very similar to the one of He, although as an inner-source PUI, C should have a considerably different spectral and spatial injection pattern than interstellar PUIs.
Health disparities in orthopedic trauma: a qualitative study examining providers’ perspectives on barriers to care and recovery outcomes

ABSTRACT Social workers involved in interdisciplinary orthopedic trauma care can benefit from the knowledge of providers’ perspectives on healthcare disparities in this field. Using qualitative data from focus groups conducted on 79 orthopedic care providers at three Level 1 trauma centers, we assessed their perspectives on orthopedic trauma healthcare disparities and discussed potential solutions. Focus groups originally aimed to detect barriers and facilitators of the implementation of a trial of a live video mind-body intervention to aid in recovery in orthopedic trauma care settings (Toolkit for Optimal Recovery-TOR). We used the Socio-Ecological Model to analyze an emerging code of “health disparities” during data analysis to determine at which levels of care these disparities occurred. We identified factors related to health disparities in orthopedic trauma care and outcomes at the Individual (Education- comprehension, health-literacy; Language Barriers; Psychological Health- emotional distress, alcohol/drug use, learned helplessness; Physical Health- obesity, smoking; and Access to Technology), Relationship (Social Support Network), Community (Transportation and Employment Security), and Societal level (Access- safe/clean housing, insurance, mental health resources; Culture). We discuss the implications of the findings and provide recommendations to address these issues, with a specific focus on their relevance to the field of social work in health care.
Immunogenicity and tolerability of a bivalent virus-like particle norovirus vaccine candidate in children from 6 months up to 4 years of age: A phase 2 randomized, double-blind trial

ABSTRACT We conducted a dose-finding phase 2 study of the HilleVax bivalent virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidate (HIL-214) in two cohorts of children, 6–≤12 months and 1–≤4 years of age (N = 120 per cohort), in Panama and Colombia (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02153112). On Day 1, children randomized to one of the four equal groups received intramuscular injections of four different HIL-214 formulations containing 15/15, 15/50, 50/50, or 50/150 μg of GI.1/GII.4c genotype VLPs and 0.5 mg Al(OH)3. On Day 29, half the children in each group received a second vaccination (N = 60), while the other half received saline placebo injections to maintain the blind. VLP-specific ELISA Pan-Ig and histo-blood group binding antigen-blocking antibodies (HBGA) were measured on Days 1, 29, 57 and 210. On Day 29, after one dose, there were large Pan-Ig and HBGA responses in both age cohorts with some indication of dose-dependence, and higher geometric mean titers (GMT) in the older children. A further increase in titers was observed 28 days after a second dose in the 6–≤12-month-old groups, but less so in the 1–≤4-year-old groups; GMTs at Day 57 were broadly similar across doses and in both age groups. GMTs of Pan-Ig and HBGA persisted above baseline up to Day 210. All formulations were well tolerated with mostly mild-to-moderate transient solicited adverse events reported by parents/guardians, and no vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Further development of HIL-214 is warranted to protect the most susceptible young children against norovirus.
HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2/3 deletion disrupts astrocytic integrity and exacerbates neuroinflammation

Astrocytes constitute the parenchymal border of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), modulate the exchange of soluble and cellular elements, and are essential for neuronal metabolic support. Thus, astrocytes critically influence neuronal network integrity. In hypoxia, astrocytes upregulate a transcriptional program that has been shown to boost neuroprotection in several models of neurological diseases. We investigated transgenic mice with astrocyte‐specific activation of the hypoxia‐response program by deleting the oxygen sensors, HIF prolyl‐hydroxylase domains 2 and 3 (Phd2/3). We induced astrocytic Phd2/3 deletion after onset of clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) that led to an exacerbation of the disease mediated by massive immune cell infiltration. We found that Phd2/3‐ko astrocytes, though expressing a neuroprotective signature, exhibited a gradual loss of gap‐junctional Connexin‐43 (Cx43), which was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor‐alpha (Vegf‐a) expression. These results provide mechanistic insights into astrocyte biology, their critical role in hypoxic states, and in chronic inflammatory CNS diseases.
Rivaroxaban versus nadroparin for thromboprophylaxis following thoracic surgery for lung cancer: A randomized, noninferiority trial

The benefit of rivaroxaban in thromboprophylaxis after oncologic lung surgery remains unknown. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer were enrolled, and randomly assigned to rivaroxaban or nadroparin groups in a 1:1 ratio; anticoagulants were initiated 12–24 h after surgery and continued until discharge. Four hundred participants were required according to a noninferiority margin of 2%, assuming venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurrence rates of 6.0% and 12.6% for patients in the rivaroxaban and nadroparin groups, respectively. The primary efficacy outcome was any VTE during the treatment and 30‐day follow‐up periods. The safety outcome was any on‐treatment bleeding event. Finally, 403 patients were randomized (intention‐to‐treat [ITT] population), with 381 included in per‐protocol (PP) population. The primary efficacy outcomes occurred in 12.5% (25/200) of the rivaroxaban group and 17.7% (36/203) of the nadroparin group (absolute risk reduction, −5.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], [−12.2–1.7]), indicating the noninferiority of rivaroxaban in ITT population. Sensitivity analysis was performed in the PP population and yielded similar results, confirming the noninferiority of rivaroxaban. In the safety analysis population, the incidence of any on‐treatment bleeding events did not differ significantly between the groups (12.2% for rivaroxaban vs. 7.0% for nadroparin; relative risk [RR], 1.9; 95% CI, [0.9–3.7]; p = .08), including major bleeding (9.7% vs. 6.5%; RR, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.9–3.7]; p = .24), and nonmajor bleeding (2.6% vs. 0.5%; RR, 5.2 [95% CI, 0.6–45.2]; p = .13). Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis after oncologic lung surgery was shown to be noninferior to nadroparin.
RPA engages telomeric G-quadruplexes more effectively than CST

Abstract G-quadruplexes (G4s) are a set of stable secondary structures that form within guanine-rich regions of single-stranded nucleic acids that pose challenges for DNA maintenance. The G-rich DNA sequence at telomeres has a propensity to form G4s of various topologies. The human protein complexes Replication Protein A (RPA) and CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) are implicated in managing G4s at telomeres, leading to DNA unfolding and allowing telomere replication to proceed. Here, we use fluorescence anisotropy equilibrium binding measurements to determine the ability of these proteins to bind various telomeric G4s. We find that the ability of CST to specifically bind G-rich ssDNA is substantially inhibited by the presence of G4s. In contrast, RPA tightly binds telomeric G4s, showing negligible changes in affinity for G4 structure compared to linear ssDNAs. Using a mutagenesis strategy, we found that RPA DNA-binding domains work together for G4 binding, and simultaneous disruption of these domains reduces the affinity of RPA for G4 ssDNA. The relative inability of CST to disrupt G4s, combined with the greater cellular abundance of RPA, suggests that RPA could act as a primary protein complex responsible for resolving G4s at telomeres.
Basement membrane proteins in extracellular matrix characterize NF1 neurofibroma development and response to MEK inhibitor

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common tumor-predisposing genetic disorders. Neurofibromas are NF1-associated benign tumors. A hallmark feature of neurofibromas is an abundant collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) that constitutes more than 50% of the tumor dry weight. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying ECM deposition during neurofibroma development and treatment response. We performed a systematic investigation of ECM enrichment during plexiform neurofibroma (pNF) development and identified basement membrane (BM) proteins, rather than major collagen isoforms, as the most upregulated ECM component. Following MEK inhibitor treatment, the ECM profile displayed an overall downregulation signature, suggesting ECM reduction as a therapeutic benefit of MEK inhibition. Through these proteomic studies, TGF-β1 signaling was identified as playing a role in ECM dynamics. Indeed, TGF-β1 overexpression promoted pNF progression in vivo. Furthermore, by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that immune cells including macrophages and T cells produce TGF-β1 to induce Schwann cells to produce and deposit BM proteins for ECM remodeling. Following Nf1 loss, neoplastic Schwann cells further increased BM protein deposition in response to TGF-β1. Our data delineate the regulation governing ECM dynamics in pNF and suggest that BM proteins could serve as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment response.
Predictive Impact of Prognostic Nutritional Index in Patients with Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract A few previous studies have investigated the prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the prognostic significance of PNI. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. A meta-analysis of the impact of PNI on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and rate of adverse events (AEs) in patients treated with ICIs was performed. Twenty-three studies involving 2,386 patients were included. Low PNI was associated with significantly poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.81–2.82, P < .001) and short PFS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.54–1.99, P < .001). Patients with low PNI tended to have a low ORR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34–0.65, P < .001) and DCR (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34–0.56, P < .001). However, the subgroup analysis demonstrated no significant association between PNI and survival time in patients receiving a programmed death ligand-1 inhibitor. PNI was significantly associated with survival time and treatment efficacy in patients treated with ICIs.