Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Independent, external validation of clinical prediction rules for the identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland, January 2010 to December 2016

Background Algorithms for predicting infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) on hospital admission or in patients with bacteraemia have been proposed, aiming to optimise empiric treatment decisions. Aim We sought to confirm external validity and transferability of two published prediction models as well as their integral components. Methods We performed a retrospective case–control study at University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. Consecutive patients with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from blood samples between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016 were included. For each case, three non-ESBL-producing controls matching for date of detection and bacterial species were identified. The main outcome measure was the ability to accurately predict infection with ESBL-PE by measures of discrimination and calibration. Results Overall, 376 patients (94 patients, 282 controls) were analysed. Performance measures for prediction of ESBL-PE infection of both prediction models indicate adequate measures of calibration, but poor discrimination (area under receiver-operating curve: 0.627 and 0.651). History of ESBL-PE colonisation or infection was the single most predictive independent risk factor for ESBL-PE infection with high specificity (97%), low sensitivity (34%) and balanced positive and negative predictive values (80% and 82%). Conclusions Applying published prediction models to institutions these were not derived from, may result in substantial misclassification of patients considered as being at risk, potentially leading to wrong allocation of antibiotic treatment, negatively affecting patient outcomes and overall resistance rates in the long term. Future prediction models need to address differences in local epidemiology by allowing for customisation according to different settings.
Prescribed Sheep Grazing to Suppress Spotted Knapweed on Foothill Rangeland

Abstract Spotted knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii DC.) is a perennial, invasive forb that infests millions of hectares of private and public rangelands in western North America. Previous research indicates that domestic sheep (Ovis aries) readily graze spotted knapweed, but landscape-scale prescriptive grazing of spotted knapweed has not been studied. We quantified the diets and forage utilization of a ewe–lamb band (about 800 ewes and 1 120 lambs) that prescriptively grazed spotted knapweed–infested foothill rangeland in western Montana in the summers of 2003 and 2004. In mid-June or mid-July, sheep grazed light and moderate infestations of spotted knapweed (13% and 36% of vegetative composition, respectively). Nutritive quality of sheep diets was similar to sheep grazing uninfested rangeland, and sheep exhibited few forage preferences or avoidances. Sheep diets averaged 64% spotted knapweed in the moderate infestation and 26% in the light infestation. Sheep in the light infestation ate fewer graminoids in June than July (17% vs. 55% of their diet, respectively; P = 0.04), whereas sheep in the moderate infestation ate fewer graminoids in July (45% in June vs. 20% in July; P = 0.09). In the moderate infestation, relative utilization of spotted knapweed was greater in July than June (50% vs. 35%, respectively; P = 0.04), but averaged 46% in the light infestation. Previous research suggests that these levels of relative utilization may make herbicide application uneconomical. Relative utilization of graminoids was light in both infestations (15% in June or 31% in July). Our results indicate that sheep can prescriptively graze light or moderate spotted knapweed infestations in either June or July. Sheep consumption and relative utilization of graminoids will be less if light infestations are grazed in June rather than July. In moderate infestations, sheep will eat fewer graminoids and utilize spotted knapweed more heavily when grazed in July rather than June.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs), which have several potential benefits, are an emerging innovative technology in the market. However, the successful operation of SAVs largely depends on the extent of travellers’ intention to adopt them. This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the adoption of SAVs by integrating two theoretical perspectives: the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). A valid survey sample of 268 participants in Da Nang, Vietnam was collected. Subsequently, structural equation modelling was deployed to test the research model. The results indicate that the five dimensions of UTUAT2: performance expectation, effort expectation, habit, price value and hedonic motivation, are mediated by the attitudes toward using SAVs. Further, the TPB constructs, namely attitude, subject norm, perceived behavioural control, along with its perceived facilitating conditions, are all effective predictors of intention to use SAVs. The findings of this study can serve as a crucial resource for transport operators and the government to enhance transportation services and policies.
Day/Night high temperature distinctively disrupt fatty acid and jasmonic acid metabolism in inducing male sterility.

High temperature (HT) stress is an inevitable environmental factor in certain geographical regions. To study the effect of day/night HT stress on male reproduction development, the H05, a heat-sensitive cotton line, was subjected to HT stress. High day and Normal night (HN) and Normal day and High night (NH) temperature treatments were compared with control (Normal day and Normal night, NN). At the anther dehiscence stage, significant differences were found, with a reduction in flower size, filament length and sterility in pollen seen in NH more than in HN. A total of 36,806 differentially expressed genes were screened, which were mainly associated with fatty acid and jasmonic acid (JA) metabolic pathways. Fatty acid and JA contents reduced more in NH than HN. Under NH, ACYL-COA OXIDASE 2 (ACO2), a JA biosynthesis gene, was down-regulated as determined by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, the ACO2 CRISPR-Cas9 mutants show male-sterility under NN condition. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate on early stage buds of mutants restored the sterile pollen and indehiscence anther phenotypes at late stage. These data showed that night HT might affect fatty acid and JA metabolism in anthers by suppressing GhACO2 and generate male sterility strongly than does high day temperature.
Reasons for living among those with lived experience entering the suicide prevention workforce

Abstract This study explored reasons for living among those with lived experience of suicide entering the suicide prevention workforce. The study recruited 110 participants from two Roses in the Ocean training programs (79% female, mean age 46.5). Responses to open-ended survey questions about reasons for living were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Connection to others and service were the most commonly stated reasons for living. Other categories included orientation toward future, life, self, pleasure, and spiritual reasons and values. These findings can be used in further research and design of support programs for peer specialists.
Fruit‐bearing branchlets are carbon autonomous in mature broad‐leaved temperate forest trees

In order to evaluate the degree of carbon autonomy for fruit development, the carbon source-sink relationship in fruit-bearing branchlets of mature deciduous forest trees was manipulated in situ. The tests included half and complete defoliation, girdling or the combination of both treatments, which were applied on fruiting branchlets by using a canopy crane. Concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) were analysed in different branchlet tissues and fruits, to identify situations of carbon imbalances induced by the treatments. NSC concentrations of branchlets were generally lower under treatments resulting in decreased fruit growth. All three investigated species (Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica and Tilia platyphyllos) exhibited complete carbon autonomy of fruiting at the level of whole, undisturbed branchlets, since neither a decrease of total infructescence biomass, nor of individual fruit mass occurred on girdled, un-defoliated branchlets. On girdled, 100% defoliated branchlets, fruit biomass relative to controls decreased by approximately 50% in Carpinus and Tilia, but by almost 80% in Fagus, which can be explained by different proportions of photosynthetically active infructescence tissues among the species. In contrast to the other two species, Tilia branchlets did not import carbon to compensate for assimilate loss after defoliation.
Lineage analysis of human papillomavirus type 18 based on E6 region in cervical samples of Iranian women

Distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 variants are thought to differ in oncogenic potential and geographic distribution. As such, understanding the regional variants of HPV 18 would be of great importance for evolutionary, epidemiological, and biological analysis. In this regard, the sequence variations of E6 gene were investigated to characterize more common variants of HPV 18 in normal cells, premalignant, and malignant samples collected from the cervix. In total, 99 samples of HPV 18 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In overall, lineages A was identified in all study subjects, among which sublineage A4 was dominant although the difference observed was not statistically significant with regard to different stages of disease. Sublineage A4 comprised 90.9% of samples and the remaining were belonged to sublineages A1, A2, A3, and A5 at the frequency of 6.1%, 1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings clearly highlight the sublineage A4 of HPV 18 as the most dominant variant in Iran.
Current pharmacological modalities for management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the rationale for their utilization: A review

SARS‐CoV‐2 has caused a pandemic which is putting strain on the health‐care system and global economy. There is much pressure to develop both preventative and curative therapies for SARS‐CoV‐2 as there is no evidence to support therapies to improve outcomes in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2. Medications that inhibit certain steps of virus life cycle that are currently used to treat other illnesses such as Malaria, Ebola, HIV and Hepatitis C are being studied for use against SARS‐CoV‐2. To date, data is limited for medications that facilitate clinical improvement of COVID‐19 infections.
Is progressive resistance training feasible in patients with symptomatic external snapping hip?

ABSTRACT Background Little is known about the feasibility of applying progressive resistance training (PRT) to patients with symptomatic external snapping hip (SESH). Purpose To investigate whether PRT is feasible in patients with SESH and to report changes to hip function, awareness of the hip joint and muscle strength following PRT. Methods Feasibility was measured by drop-out rate, adverse events, pain exacerbation (VAS) and adherence to PRT. At baseline and the end of treatment, patients completed the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), maximal voluntary isometric (MVC) and dynamic hip muscle strength and a loaded stair test (LST). Results Three out of nine included female patients (33%) dropped out. Pain scores were acceptable (VAS ≤ 50 mm) in 76% of all training sessions, and an overall decrease in pain during PRT was found (−10 mm, 95% CI [−3; −18]). For those who completed the intervention, training adherence was 97 ± 4%. Paired analyzes showed improvements in all HAGOS subscales, FJS, muscle strength and the LST Conclusion Progressive resistance training seems feasible in a subset of patients with SESH despite a high drop-out rate. The present study suggests large effect sizes for hip pain, function, awareness and muscle strength.
Disentangling Sex Differences in Use of Reperfusion Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Previous studies from local settings have reported that women with acute ischemic stroke have a lower chance of receiving reperfusion therapy treatment, including intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy, than men, but the underlying mechanisms of this disparity have not been identified. We aimed to examine sex differences in the utilization of reperfusion therapy focusing on all the phases of pre- and in-hospital time delay in a nationwide population-based cohort. Methods: This study was based on data from nationwide public registries. The study population included patients aged at least 18 years admitted with acute ischemic stroke using emergency medical services in Denmark dispatched after an emergency call in the period 2016 to 2017. Study outcomes included time delays from symptom onset to start of reperfusion therapy and use of reperfusion therapy. Data were analyzed using multivariable quantile regression and logistic regression. Results: A total of 5356 stroke events fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Women (26.6%) were less likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis than men (30.2 %), corresponding to an unadjusted odds ratio of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.74–0.95). In addition, women experienced a 20 minutes longer median time delay from stroke symptom onset to stroke unit arrival than men. Adjusting for onset-to-door time only appeared to have a limited effect on the sex differences in use of intravenous thrombolysis, whereas the odds ratio was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.93–1.21) when adjusting for age at stroke, stroke severity, and cohabitation status. No sex difference was observed for the use of thrombectomy. Conclusions: Women received less reperfusion therapy than men and had a longer time delay from symptom onset to stroke unit arrival, primarily due to a longer delay from symptom onset to emergency medical services call. These differences appeared to be due to the higher age and the higher proportion of women living alone at the time of the stroke.
Influence of Surgical Excision on the Survival of Patients With Stage 4 High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Report From the HR-NBL1/SIOPEN Study.

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of surgeon-assessed extent of primary tumor resection on local progression and survival in patients in the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma Group High-Risk Neuroblastoma 1 trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients recruited between 2002 and 2015 with stage 4 disease > 1 year or stage 4/4S with MYCN amplification < 1 year who had completed induction without progression, achieved response criteria for high-dose therapy (HDT), and had no resection before induction were included. Data were collected on the extent of primary tumor excision, severe operative complications, and outcome. RESULTS A total of 1,531 patients were included (median observation time, 6.1 years). Surgeon-assessed extent of resection included complete macroscopic excision (CME) in 1,172 patients (77%) and incomplete macroscopic resection (IME) in 359 (23%). Surgical mortality was 7 (0.46%) of 1,531. Severe operative complications occurred in 142 patients (9.7%), and nephrectomy was performed in 124 (8.8%). Five-year event-free survival (EFS) ± SE (0.40 ± 0.01) and overall survival (OS; 0.45 ± 0.02) were significantly higher with CME compared with IME (5-year EFS, 0.33 ± 0.03; 5-year OS, 0.37 ± 0.03; P < .001 and P = .004). The cumulative incidence of local progression (CILP) was significantly lower after CME (0.17 ± 0.01) compared with IME (0.30 ± 0.02; P < .001). With immunotherapy, outcomes were still superior with CME versus IME (5-year EFS, 0.47 ± 0.02 v 0.39 ± 0.04; P = .038); CILP was 0.14 ± 0.01 after CME and 0.27 ± 0.03 after IME (P < .002). A hazard ratio of 1.3 for EFS associated with IME compared with CME was observed before and after the introduction of immunotherapy (P = .030 and P = .038). CONCLUSION In patients with stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma who have responded to induction therapy, CME of the primary tumor is associated with improved survival and local control after HDT, local radiotherapy (21 Gy), and immunotherapy.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF INSECT POLLINATORS ON VARIOUS TEMPERATE FRUIT CROPS IN HIMACHAL HIMALAYA, INDIA

Pollinator diversity and distribution studies were conducted on temperate fruit crops in different parts of Himachal Himalaya. Various crops investigated were: apple (Malus domestica Borckh), pear (Pyrus communis Linn.), cherry (Prunus avium Linn.), peach (Prunus persica Batsch), plum (Prunus domestica Linn.) and almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). Various temperate fruit crop orchards were located at different altitudes viz., Arki (1104 m), Deothi (1394 m), Kandaghat (1423 m), Wakanaghat (1456 m), Shoghi (1857 m), Theog (2305 m), Shilaroo (2409 m), Fagu 2411 m), Chharabra (2479 m), Matiana (2514 m) and Narkanda (2648 m) in Himachal Himalaya. Pollinator diversity studies on different temperate fruit crops revealed the presence of 70 species o f insect visitors belonging to 6 orders and 27 families of class Insecta. Of these, 24 species belonged to Hymenoptera, 24 to Diptera, 16 to Lepidoptera, 3 to Coleoptera, 2 to Hemiptera and 1 to Thysanoptera. Apple (Malus domestica Borckh) flowers were visited by 46 species of pollinators belonging to 5 orders and 17 families of class insecta. Of these, 16 species belonged to Hymenoptera, 18 to Diptera, 8 to Lepidoptera, 3 to Coleoptera and 1 to order Thysanoptera. Pear ( Pyrus communisLinn.) flowers were visited by 33 species of insects belonging to 4 orders and 16 families of class Insecta. Of these, 13 species belonged to Hymenoptera, 11 to Diptera, 6 to Lepidoptera and 3 to Coleoptera. Cherry ( Prunus avium L.) flowers were visited by 31 species of insect s belonging to 5 orders and 13 families of class Insecta. Of these, 12 species belonged to Hymenoptera, 10 to Diptera, 6 to Lepidoptera, 2 to Hemiptera and 1 to Coleoptera. Peach ( Prunus persica Batsch) flowers were visited by 40 species of insects belonging to 5 orders and 24 families of class Insecta. Of these, 15 species belonged to Hymenoptera, 12 to Diptera, 9 to Lepidoptera, 3 to Coleoptera and 1 to Hemiptera. Plum ( Prunus domesticaL.) bloom showed that they were visited by 19 species of insects belonging to 4 orders and 11 families of class Insecta. Of these, 8 species belonged to Hymenoptera, 5 to Diptera, 5 to Lepidoptera and 1 to Coleoptera. Almond ( Prunus amygdalusBatsch) flowers were visited by 30 species of insects belonging to 4 orders and 17 families of class Insecta. Of these, 10 species belonged to Hymenoptera, 12 to Diptera, 5 to Lepidoptera and 3 to Coleoptera.
Discrimination of the endangered Atlantic Whitefish (Coregonus huntsmani Scott, 1987) larvae and juveniles

Hasselman, D.J. and Bradford, R.G. 2012. Discrimination of the endangered Atlantic Whitefish (Coregonus huntsmani Scott, 1987) larvae and juveniles. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2993: iii + 24 p. Atlantic Whitefish (Coregonus huntsmani) are an endangered species endemic to Nova Scotia, Canada. Several actions identified in the Atlantic Whitefish recovery strategy require accurate identification of the species early life history stages. While criteria exists for the discrimination of adult specimens, no such criteria is available for larvae or juveniles. Using specimens obtained from the captive mating of wild caught adults, and those made available to this study, we conduct discriminant function analyses on phenetic characters, and incorporate speciesspecific pigmentation patterns to develop discrimination criteria for early life history stage Atlantic Whitefish, Lake Whitefish (C. clupeaformis), and Cisco (C. artedii). Quantifiable interspecific differences in the number of pre-anal myomeres, total myomeres, and anal fin ray counts, when combined with dorsal and ventral pigmentation patterns can be used to discriminate larval and juvenile specimens of Atlantic Whitefish, Lake Whitefish, and Cisco. The external characters identified as useful common reference points for the delineation of these three species could be extended to include additional coregonine species.
Seed discolouration of rice: location of inoculum and influence on nutritional value.

The seedborne inoculum of Alternaria alternata (responsible for ash grey discolouration) and Helminthosporium oryzae (responsible for black discolouration, dark purple discolouration, dark brown spots and light to dark brown dot like spots) were foundin seed coat and endosperm of discoloured seeds whereas fungi, namely, Curvularia geniculata, C. lunata (responsible for eye shape spot), Fusarium equiseti, F. graminearum, F. rnoniliforme (responsible for light pink discolouration) and Sarocladium oryzae (responsible for light brown discolouration) were found in seed coat, endosperm and embryo of discoloured seeds. Fungi associated with ash grey discolouration (A. alternata), light brown discolouration, (S. oryaze), black discolouration (H. oryzae), dark purple discolouration (H. oryzae), dark brown spots (H. oryzae) and light to dark brown dot like spots (H. oryzae) resulted in decrease in starch content as compared to healthy seeds. The reduction in starch content was higher in the seeds having discolouration on both embryo plus endosperm region as compared to lower categories of discolourations. In seeds with black discolouration dark brown spots and dark purple discolouration, a higher amount of protein was detected as compared to healthy seeds.Whereas, in seeds with grey discolouration, a decrease in the protein content was noted.
Impact of appendicularians on detritus and export fluxes: a model approach at DyFAMed site

So far, the role of appendicularians in the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter has been largely overlooked. Appendicularians represent only a fraction of total mesozooplankton biomass, however these ubiquitous zooplankters have very high filtration and growth rates compared to copepods, and produce numerous fecal pellets and filtering houses contributing to export production by aggregating small marine particles. To study their quantitative impact on biogeochemical flux, we have included this group in the biogeochemical flux model, using a recently developed ecophysiological model. One-dimensional annual simulations of the pelagic ecosystem including appendicularians were conducted with realistic surface forcing for the year 2000, using data from the DyFAMed open ocean station. The appendicularian grazing impact was generally low, but appendicularians increased detritus production by 8% and export production by 55% compared to a simulation without appendicularians. Therefore, current biogeochemical models lacking appendicularians probably under, or misestimate the detritus and export production by omitting the pathway from small-sized plankton to fast sinking detritus. Detritus production and export rates are 60% lower than the estimates from mesotrophic sites, showing that appendicularians' role is lower but still significant in oligotrophic environments. The simulated annual export at 200 m exceeds sediment trap values by 44%, suggesting an intense degradation during the sinking of appendicularian detritus, supported by observations made at other sites. Thus, degradation and grazing of appendicularian detritus need better quantification if we are to accurately assess the role of appendicularia in export flux.