Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of the Hot Ambient Medium of Early-type Galaxies Hosting Powerful Radio Sources

We present an archival analysis of Chandra X-ray observations for 12 nearby early-type galaxies hosting radio sources with radio power >1023 W Hz−1 at 1.4 GHz, similar to the radio power of the radio source in NGC 4261. Previously, in a similar analysis of eight nearby X-ray and optically bright elliptical galaxies, Werner et al. found that NGC 4261 exhibited unusually low central gas entropy compared to the full sample. In the central 0.3 kpc of NGC 4261, the ratio of cooling time to freefall time (tcool/tff) is less than 10, indicating that cold clouds may be precipitating out of the hot ambient medium and providing fuel for accretion in the central region. NGC 4261 also hosts the most powerful radio source in the original sample. Because NGC 4261 may represent an important phase during which powerful feedback from a central active galactic nucleus (AGN) is fueled by multiphase condensation in the central kiloparsec, we searched the Chandra archive for analogs to NGC 4261. We present entropy profiles of those galaxies, as well as profiles of tcool/tff. We find that one of them, IC 4296, exhibits properties similar to NGC 4261, including the presence of only single-phase gas outside of r ∼ 2 kpc and a similar central velocity dispersion. We compare the properties of NGC 4261 and IC 4296 to hydrodynamic simulations of AGN feedback fueled by precipitation. Over the course of those simulations, the single-phase galaxy has an entropy gradient that remains similar to the entropy profiles inferred from our observations.
Benchmarking features from different radiomics toolkits / toolboxes using Image Biomarkers Standardization Initiative

There is no consensus regarding the radiomic feature terminology, the underlying mathematics, or their implementation. This creates a scenario where features extracted using different toolboxes could not be used to build or validate the same model leading to a non-generalization of radiomic results. In this study, the image biomarker standardization initiative (IBSI) established phantom and benchmark values were used to compare the variation of the radiomic features while using 6 publicly available software programs and 1 in-house radiomics pipeline. All IBSI-standardized features (11 classes, 173 in total) were extracted. The relative differences between the extracted feature values from the different software and the IBSI benchmark values were calculated to measure the inter-software agreement. To better understand the variations, features are further grouped into 3 categories according to their properties: 1) morphology, 2) statistic/histogram and 3)texture features. While a good agreement was observed for a majority of radiomics features across the various programs, relatively poor agreement was observed for morphology features. Significant differences were also found in programs that use different gray level discretization approaches. Since these programs do not include all IBSI features, the level of quantitative assessment for each category was analyzed using Venn and the UpSet diagrams and also quantified using two ad hoc metrics. Morphology features earns lowest scores for both metrics, indicating that morphological features are not consistently evaluated among software programs. We conclude that radiomic features calculated using different software programs may not be identical and reliable. Further studies are needed to standardize the workflow of radiomic feature extraction.
A survey of repositories in graph theory

Since the pioneering work of R. M. Foster in the 1930s, many graph repositories have been created to support research in graph theory. This survey reviews many of these graph repositories and summarises the scope and contents of each repository. We identify opportunities for the development of repositories that can be queried in more flexible ways.
Unsupervised Evaluation of Interactive Dialog with DialoGPT

It is important to define meaningful and interpretable automatic evaluation metrics for open-domain dialog research. Standard language generation metrics have been shown to be ineffective for dialog. This paper introduces the FED metric (fine-grained evaluation of dialog), an automatic evaluation metric which uses DialoGPT, without any fine-tuning or supervision. It also introduces the FED dataset which is constructed by annotating a set of human-system and human-human conversations with eighteen fine-grained dialog qualities. The FED metric (1) does not rely on a ground-truth response, (2) does not require training data and (3) measures fine-grained dialog qualities at both the turn and whole dialog levels. FED attains moderate to strong correlation with human judgement at both levels.
First description of autumn migration of Sooty Falcon Falco concolor from the United Arab Emirates to Madagascar using satellite telemetry

Summary The movement and migration pattern of the ‘Near Threatened’ Sooty Falcon Falco concolor is poorly known. Sooty Falcons breed on the islands of the Arabian Gulf after arriving from their non-breeding areas that are mainly in Madagascar. In the first satellite tracking of the species we fitted a 9.5 g Argos solar powered transmitter on an adult breeding Sooty Falcon off the western coast of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The bird successfully undertook autumn migration to Madagascar, a known wintering area for the species. We document the Sooty Falcon’s autumn migration route and stop-over sites. The adult Sooty Falcon initiated its migration at night and with tailwinds, and travelled mainly during daytime hours for 13 days over an inland route of more than 5,656 km. The three stop-over sites in East Africa were characterised by moderate to sparse shrub cover associated with potential sources of water. We discuss the migration pattern of the tracked bird in relation to importance of non-breeding areas for Sooty Falcons and recent declines in numbers in their breeding range.
Genetic Homogeneity between Populations of Aspidoscelis rodecki, a Parthenogenetic Lizard from the Yucatán Peninsula

Abstract We undertook skin-grafting between populations to determine whether Aspidoscelis rodecki originated from single, or multiple, parthenogenetically capable hybrids. We transplanted 292 skin grafts within and between the two most geographically distant populations, considering only grafts in animals surviving more than 45 days. Two hundred fifteen grafts were analyzed. Histocompatibility within (100%) and between (97.9%) populations suggests that A. rodecki was derived from a single, parthenogenetically capable, hybrid.
Seasonal changes in serum testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17β-estradiol levels in the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus Lesueur

The seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and serum testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17β-estradiol levels were measured in adult feral brown bullheads, Ictalurus nebulosus Lesueur. The maximum GSI of both male and female brown bullheads was considerably lower than that of most other teleostean species investigated. In males, the GSI began to increase in April concomitant with an increase in water temperature from 3 to 6 °C. The maximum GSI levels were evident throughout May and June (during the prespawning and spawning periods). Peaks of serum testosterone and serum 11-ketotestosterone levels were evident in mid-April and late May to June, and in mid-April and mid-May, respectively. In females there was a rapid increase in GSI during May, when the ambient water temperature reached 16 °C. The peak GSI was evident in mid- to late-May and had declined by early June. Peak serum testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone levels were evident in mid-April and again in late May, whereas peak 17β-estradiol.
Phylogenetic extinction rates and comparative methodology

Species are not independent points for comparative analyses because closely related species share more evolutionary history and are therefore more similar to each other than distantly related species. The extent to which independent–contrast analysis reduces type I and type II statistical error in comparison with cross–species analysis depends on the relative branch lengths in the phylogenetic tree: as deeper branches get relatively long, cross–species analyses have more statistical type I and type II error. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed from extant species, under the assumptions of a branching process with speciation (branching) and extinction rates remaining constant through time, will have relatively longer deep branches as the extinction rate increases relative to the speciation rate. We compare the statistical performance of cross–species and independent–contrast analyses with varying relative extinction rates, and conclude that cross–species comparisons have unacceptable statistical performance, particularly when extinction rates are relatively high.
Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain in Pannon white rabbits.

Stability of estimated breeding values for average daily gain (ADG) between 5 and 10 weeks of age was analysed for 47 242 Pannon White rabbits, reared in 7470 litters and born between 2000 and 2008. The dataset was divided into 5 successive 5-year periods: (1) 2000-2004, (2) 2001-2005, (3) 2002-2006, (4) 2003-2007, and (5) 2004-2008. Then, after selecting the appropriate part of the pedigree for these sub-data - sets, genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated for ADG using REML and BLUP methods. In the applied models sex, year-month, animal and random litter effects were considered. Estimated heritabilities for all 5 periods from 1 to 5 were moderate and stable (0.28 ± 0.01, 0.28 ± 0.02, 0.29 ± 0.02, 0.27 ± 0.02, and 0.28 ± 0.02). Magnitudes of random litter effects were low and stable (0.14 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.16 ± 0.01, and 0.16 ± 0.01). After breeding value estimation the dataset of period 5 was merged pair-wise with the other periods 4, 3, 2 and 1 using an inner join. Thus only the common records of the datasets representing the periods 5-4, 5-3, 5-2, and 5-1 were included in the merged datasets. In these merged datasets each rabbit had two breeding values for ADG based on two different periods. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated between the breeding values based on the dataset of period 5 and the other periods. With the successive years the rank correlation coefficients decreased (0.989, 0.979, 0.965 and 0.924). The correlation coefficients between ranks remained moderately high, even when the proportion of the common rabbits in the merged datasets was low. However, a reasonable re-ranking occurred among the top animals. Rank cor - relations for the top 100 and 1000 animals varied from 0.41 to 0.55 and from 0.37 to 0.54, respectively, which could influence selection efficiency if the rolling base were used for genetic evaluation.
Does Cozen’s phenomenon warrant surgical intervention?

Abstract Purpose Proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures can be complicated by a late valgus deformity, referred to as Cozen's phenomenon. We studied children with such fractures to determine whether the child's age at the time of injury influenced the development of Cozen's as well as the occurrence of elongation. In addition, we explored whether the deformity resolved at long-term follow-up. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 33 patients (six months to 14 years old). Mean follow-up was 8.8 years (3 to 25). We measured angulation of the fractured limb post-treatment, at maximum deformity and final follow-up, as well as elongation and compared them with the uninjured limb. Results Three of the fractures were treated surgically whereas the rest, nonoperatively. In all, 15 out of 33 fractures developed late valgus deformity between eight and 19 months (mean time 12.5 months). A total of 24 fractures developed elongation. We found no association of either of these with age. Angulation increased to a statistically significant level, from post-treatment to maximum deformity, and then decreased at final follow-up, leaving no statistically significant difference from the initial measurement. The difference in valgus between fractured and uninjured limb increased to a statistically significant level from post-treatment to maximum deformity and then decreased, leaving an excess from the initial measurement. Conclusion In almost half the patients, late valgus deformity developed within two years post-fracture and corrected to the initial post-treatment angles. Patients should be warned of this possibility and reassured of its natural resolution. Level of evidence IV
Effect of extrinsic incubation temperature on borrelial infection in various organs of Ornithodoros (O.) savignyi

Dissemination levels of Borrelia sp. isolated from a natural population of Ornithodoros savignyi in Egypt were assessed in various organs of the infected female tick reared at three different temperatures. Results of the present investigation showed that the extrinsic incubation temperature at which the infected tick was reared (EI) was crucial in affecting borrelial dissemination levels in different organs including gut, salivary glands, coxal organ, ovaries and hemolymph. The increase of EI from 17 o C to 27 o C and 37 o C increased the infection rates (IRs) and mean number (no.) of spirochetes localized in different organs. Also, it enhanced the appearance, prolonged persistence and delayed disappearance of spirochetes in most of the organs tested throughout the period of study (90 days after infective meal).
Unexpected radioactive iodine accumulation on whole-body scan after I-131 ablation therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer

ABSTRACT We retrospectively evaluated the frequency of unexpected accumulation of radioactive iodine on the post-therapy whole-body scan (Rx-WBS) after radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We searched our institutional database for Rx-WBSs of DTC patients who underwent RAI ablation or adjuvant therapy between 2012 and 2019. Patients with distant metastasis diagnosed by CT or PET/CT before therapy, and those had previously received RAI therapy were excluded. In total, 293 patients (201 female and 92 male, median age 54 years) were selected. Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the Rx-WBS images by determining the visual intensity of radioiodine uptake by the thyroid bed, cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, lungs, and bone. Clinical features of the patients with and without the metastatic accumulation were compared by chi-square test and median test. Logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the association between the presence of metastatic accumulation and these clinical factors. Eighty-four of 293 patients (28.7%) showed metastatic accumulation. Patients with metastatic RAI accumulation showed a significantly higher frequency of pathological N1 (pN1) and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) > 1.5 ng/ml under TSH stimulation (p = 0.035 and p = 0.031, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated that a serum Tg > 1.5 ng/ml was significantly correlated with the presence of metastatic accumulation (odds ratio = 1.985; p = 0.033). In conclusion, Patients with Tg > 1.5 ng/ml were more likely to show metastatic accumulation. In addition, the presence of lymph node metastasis at the initial thyroid surgery was also associated with this unexpected metastatic accumulation.
Clinicopathologic features of endometrial cancer with mismatch repair deficiency

The inclusion of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) evaluation as a standard of care for endometrial cancer management will result in a growing population of patients with MMR deficiency and negative germline Lynch syndrome testing (MMR-deficient). In this systematic review and study, the clinicopathologic features of endometrial cancer in patients with MMR-intact, MLH1 methylation positive, MMR-deficient or Lynch syndrome are evaluated. A systematic search of online databases between 1990 and 2018 identified studies of endometrial cancer patients with tumour testing (MMR protein immunohistochemistry or microsatellite instability) and germline assessment for Lynch syndrome. Extracted data included tumour testing, germline genetic testing, age, body mass index (BMI), family history, tumour stage, grade and histologic type. Associations between MMR-intact, MLH1 methylation positive, MMR-deficient and Lynch syndrome groups were analysed using descriptive statistics. The comprehensive search produced 4,400 publications, 29 met inclusion criteria. A total of 7,057 endometrial cancer cases were identified, 1,612 with abnormal immunohistochemistry, 977 with microsatellite instability. Nine-hundred patients underwent germline genetic testing, identifying 212 patients with Lynch syndrome. Patients in the Lynch syndrome and MMR-deficient groups were significantly younger than patients in the MMR-intact and MLH1 methylation positive groups. Patients with MMR-intact tumours had the highest BMI, followed by MMR-deficient, then Lynch syndrome. MMR-intact tumours were more likely to be grade I at diagnosis than other groups. Patients with Lynch syndrome and MMR-deficient tumours were less likely to have stage I disease as compared to patients with MMR-intact tumours. Endometrial cancer patients with MMR-deficient tumours have similar features to those with germline Lynch syndrome mutations, including age, grade, histology and stage. Even in the absence of a germline mutation, tumour evaluation for MMR status may have important clinical implications.
Current trends in thoracic surgery

ABSTRACT Thoracic surgery has evolved drastically in recent years. Although thoracic surgeons mainly deal with tumorous lesion in the lungs, mediastinum, and pleura, they also perform lung transplantation surgery in patients with end-stage lung disease. Herein, we introduce various major current topics in thoracic surgery. Minimally invasive surgical procedures include robot-assisted thoracic surgery and uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. Novel techniques for sublobar resection include virtual-assisted lung mapping, image-guided video-assisted thoracic surgery, and segmentectomy using indocyanine green. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) simulation consists of surgeon-friendly 3D-CT image analysis systems and new-generation, dynamic 3D-CT imaging systems. Updates in cadaveric lung transplantation include use of marginal donors, including donation after circulatory death, and ex vivo lung perfusion for such donors. Topics in living donor lobar lung transplantation include size matching, donor issues, and new surgical techniques. During routine clinical practice, thoracic surgeons encounter various pivotal topics related to thoracic surgery, which are described in this report.
Cerebrospinal fluid irisin correlates with amyloid‐β, BDNF, and cognition in Alzheimer's disease

Introduction: Irisin is a novel hormone originally identified for its role as a regulator of peripheral metabolism and recently found to protect synapses and rescue memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether and how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) irisin varies in relation to canonical AD biomarkers and cognition in humans remains unknown.
Growing skull fracture with an atypical mechanism: a case report

ABSTRACT Growing skull fractures (GSFs) are well-known but rare causes of pediatric head trauma. They generally occur several months after a head injury, and the main lesion is located under the periosteum. We herein report a case involving a 3-month-old boy with GSF that developed by a different mechanism than previously considered. It developed 18 days after the head injury. A large mass containing cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue was present within the periosteum. A good outcome was obtained with early strategic surgery. Injury to the inner layer of the periosteum and sudden increase in intracranial pressure might be related to GSF in this case.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Causes Microbial Dysbiosis and Exacerbates Visceral Hypersensitivity in a Colonization-Independent Manner

Background: Microbial dysbiosis is closely associated with visceral hypersensitivity and is involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the specific strains that play a key role have yet to be identified. Previous bioinformatic studies have demonstrated that Fusobacterium is a shared microbial feature between IBS patients and maternal separation (MS)-stressed rats. In this study, we assessed the potential role of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the pathogenesis of IBS. Methods: Fecal samples of patients with diarrhea predominant-IBS (IBS-D) and healthy controls were obtained. An MS rat model was established to receive gavage of either F. nucleatum or normal saline. Visceral sensitivity was evaluated through colorectal distension test, and fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. F. nucleatum-specific IgA levels in fecal supernatants were assessed by western blotting. The antigen reacted with the specific IgA of F. nucleatum was identified by mass spectrometry and the construction of a recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Results: IBS-D patients showed a lower Shannon index and a higher abundance of Fusobacterium. The F. nucleatum-gavage was shown to exacerbate visceral hypersensitivity in MS rats, with both the F. nucleatum-gavage and MS causing a decreased Shannon index and a clear segregation of fecal microbiota. In addition, specific IgA against F. nucleatum was detected in fecal supernatants of both the F. nucleatum-gavaged rats and the IBS-D patients. The FomA protein, which is a major outer membrane protein of F. nucleatum, was confirmed to react with the specific IgA of F. nucleatum in fecal supernatants. Conclusion: Fusobacterium increased significantly in IBS-D patients, and F. nucleatum was involved in the pathogenesis of IBS by causing microbial dysbiosis and exacerbating visceral hypersensitivity in a colonization-independent manner. Meanwhile, F. nucleatum was found to induce an increase in specific secretory IgA through FomA.
Corralling of larvae in the deep sea

Large numbers of small individuals (pediveligers and juveniles <5 mm) are routinely recorded in size–frequency distributions of mussel samples collected from deep-sea chemosynthetic environments. If recruitment of invertebrates to deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites were via long-distance dispersal, as is typically assumed, one would expect recruitment ‘events’ recorded in size–frequency distributions to be difficult to detect, due to loss of larvae in an open system over large distances. If one imposes mesoscale oceanographic phenomena that minimize dilution of larvae (such as eddies shed from hydrothermal vent plumes) and episodic spawning, expression of this mesoscale corralling at the level of population structure would likely be limited to discrete records of recruitment events encountered serendipitously during haphazard sampling in space and time. The ubiquity of large numbers of post-larvae in mussel samples from a number of disparate sites is likely not serendipitous, but instead may reflect the importance of local sources and sinks of propagules in maintenance of mussel populations.