Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics and Crop Yields under Maize-Wheat Cropping System of Western Hills

Weeds pose a great challenge to cereal farmers and need to be managed before reaching the critical stage. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of various weed management practices on the weed dynamics and crop yields under the maize-wheat cropping system in 2019-2020 at research field of Directorate of Agricultural Research, Lumle, Kaski. The experiments consisted of six pre-emergence and post-emergence chemical management practices (Tembotrione post-emergence (PoE), Pendimethalin as pre-emergence (PE), Atrazine as (PoE), Atrazine as PE fb Tembotrione as PoE, Pendimethalin as PE fb 2,4-D Ethyl Ester (EE), Pendimethalin as PE fb Tembotrione as PoE for maize crop; Pendimethalin as PE, Pendimethalin as PE fb Manual weeding, Pendimethalin as PE fb Metribuzin, Pendimethalin as PE fb 2,4-D sodium salt as PoE, 2,4 D sodium salt as PoE, Metribuzin as PoE for wheat crop) compared with manual weeding and weedy check both maize and wheat. These treatments were studied in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Ageratum conyzoides and Chenopodium album were found to be the major weeds for the maize and wheat crop respectively. Atrazine as pre-emergence fb Tembotrione as post–emergence produced the highest yield (3.575 Mt ha-1) for maize season whereas 4.8 Mt ha-1 was obtained in Metribuzin treated plot as post emergence herbicide in wheat growing season. The yield increments by Tembotrione as post emergence was 71.51% and Metribuzin was 63.09% over weedy check. The findings could be useful for researchers and maize-wheat growing farmers of high rainfall ecologies.
THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND: FROM QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS TO THE PRESENT UNIVERSE

This volume presents the lectures of the nineteenth Canary Islands Winter School, dedicated to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This relic radiation from the very early Universe provides a fundamental tool for precision cosmology. Prestigious researchers in the field present a comprehensive overview of current knowledge of the CMB, reviewing the theoretical foundations, the main observational results, and the most advanced statistical techniques used in this discipline. The lectures give coverage from the basic principles to the most recent research results, reviewing state-of-the-art observational and statistical analysis techniques. The impact of new experiments and the constraints imposed on cosmological parameters are emphasized and put into the broader context of research in cosmology. This is an important resource both for graduate students and for experienced researchers, revealing the spectacular progress that has been made in the study of the CMB within the last decade.
Pattern and Magnitude of Ocular Trauma Sustained in Road Traffic Accidents (A Trauma Centre Study)

Purpose: To find out the pattern and magnitude of ocular trauma in road traffic accidents (RTA). Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Trauma Centre, from September 2021 to December 2021. Methodology: Patients meeting the inclusion criteria had history and detailed examination. Data included age, gender, duration of presentation, eye involved, vehicle and type of eye trauma. Frequencies and percentages were computed for all categorical variables and mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Effect modifiers like age, gender and vehicle were addressed through stratification. Effect of reporting time of injury, age, gender and type of vehicle involved in the pattern of injury was addressed. Post stratification chi-square was applied. P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 117 patients, 81.1% were males and 18.9% were females. Average age was 29.88 ± 13.9 years. Maximum number of patients was in the age range of 10 – 20 years (35%). Two wheelers were 65.8%. Sixty five percent reported within 24hours of accident. Closed globe trauma accounted for 78.6% and contusion was found in 51 patients (43.6%). Among all, 66.7% had 6/6 – 6/9 visual acuity. No significant association of age and gender was found with pattern of ocular trauma. Reporting time and type of wheeler had association with type of ocular trauma and pattern of ocular trauma (p values less than 0.05). Conclusion: Ocular trauma is more common in young males and patients who report early have better visual acuity.
Chemical abundance analysis of symbiotic giants – I. RW Hya and SY Mus

The study of symbiotic systems is of considerable importance in our understanding of binary system stellar evolution in systems where mass-loss or transfer takes place. Elemental abundances are of special significance since they can be used to track mass exchange. However, there are few symbiotic giants for which the abundances are fairly well determined. Here, we present for the first time a detailed analysis of the chemical composition for the giants in the RW Hya and SY Mus systems. The analysis is based on high-resolution (R similar to 50 000), high signal-to-noise (S/N), near-IR spectra. Spectrum synthesis employing standard local thermal equilibrium (LTE) analysis and atmosphere models was used to obtain photospheric abundances of CNO and elements around the iron peak (Sc, Ti, Fe, and Ni). Our analysis reveals a significantly sub-solar metallicity, [Fe/H] similar to -0.75, for the RW Hya giant confirming its membership in the Galactic halo population and a near-solar metallicity for the SY Mus giant. The very low C-12/C-13 isotopic ratios, similar to 6-10, derived for both objects indicate that the giants have experienced the first dredge-up.
Optimizing managerial effectiveness through emotional intelligence

The idea that emotional competence is crucial for adaptation in various realms of life has fuelled numerous studies and social learning programs. Nonetheless, leadership research on emotional intelligence contexts is still limited and the construct is controversial on several grounds and includes a lack of rigor in terms of the employed research designs. Focusing on emotional intelligence in leadership processes, the dissertation substantiates effects of managerial emotional intelligence at the unit level. This dissertation offers theory and empirical findings on emotional intelligence in an attempt to gain a better understanding of whether the emotional intelligence of a manager predicts various work unit-level outcome variables. Based on a quantitative type research design, a number of hypotheses about emotional intelligence are examined in three large organizations, in different industries (i.e., public-sector, banking, and retail sector). In an effort to optimize the value of the results, data collection and research method are implemented with rigor: large sample sizes; high response rates; use of various dependent variables; controlling for same-source bias. The findings of the empirical studies show that highly emotionally intelligent managers lead work units more effectively than those who score low on emotional intelligence. The obtained evidence draws attention to individual differences a person’s capability to recognize, assimilate, understand, and manage own emotions and those of others and how they may related to various desired outcomes. From an applied perspective, this dissertation sheds light on the effects of emotional intelligence of team leadership within the field of Organizational Behavior. Moreover, in a cultural context, the work in the dissertation extends the external validity of emotional intelligence theory to East Asia, and specifically to South Korea.
SPECTROPOLARIMETRY OF THE TYPE Ia SN 2007sr TWO MONTHS AFTER MAXIMUM LIGHT

We present late-time spectropolarimetric observations of SN 2007sr, obtained with the Very Large Telescope at the ESO Paranal Observatory when the object was 63 days after maximum light. The late-time spectrum displays strong line polarization in the Ca ii absorption features. SN 2007sr adds to the case of some normal Type Ia supernovae that show high line polarization or repolarization at late times, a fact that might be connected with the presence of high-velocity features at early times.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF KHOOT OIL SHALE IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

The Khoot oil shale has been non-isothermally pyrolyzed in a thermogravim-etric analyzer to determine the influence of temperature, heating rate and purge gas (N 2 or CO 2 ) employed on thermal degradation of the sample. The heating rates investigated were 10–50 K min –1 to final temperature of 950 ºC. The oil shale was also pyrolyzed in a wire-mesh reactor to determine the yield of volatile compounds. The oil shale and shale oil were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography.
Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life as Measured with the Child-OIDP Index and Oral Health Status in Spanish Adolescents

Background: Our aim was to analyze the relationship between OHRQoL (Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life) assessed by the C-OIDP (Child-Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) indexand oral health status in 13-15 years old Spanish population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed in a random sample of 337 adolescents. The C-OIDP and an oral health perception questionnaire were applied. ICDAS II (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) classification was used for assessing caries status, CPI (Community Periodontal Index) for periodontal status and discrepancy in the three planes for occlusal evaluation. Statistical analysis included Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The prevalence of impact was 48.1%. The most frequently affected dimension was eating (21.4%). The overall mean C-OIDP index was 3.28. Higher DMFT (Decayed Missed Filled Tooth) was significantly associated with C-OIDP index (p = 0.03). Participants with CPI > 0 showed an impact index almost twice as high as those with CPI = 0 (p > 0.05). Significant association was found between quality of life and CPI for women (p < 0.01). Only the molar Angle’s class was associated with the impact index (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The OHRQoL in Spanish adolescents is good. The DMFT index had an impact on adolescents’ quality of life, showing a greater impact in men than in women. Periodontal status had a greater impact in women. No association between the extent of the caries lesion and the impact index was found.
Boost breaking in the EFT of inflation

If time-translations are spontaneously broken, so are boosts. This symmetry breaking pattern can be non-linearly realized by either just the Goldstone boson of time translations, or by four Goldstone bosons associated with time translations and boosts. In this paper we extend the Effective Field Theory of Multifield Inflation to consider the case in which the additional Goldstone bosons associated with boosts are light and coupled to the Goldstone boson of time translations. The symmetry breaking pattern forces a coupling to curvature so that the mass of the additional Goldstone bosons is predicted to be equal to √2H in the vast majority of the parameter space where they are light. This pattern therefore offers a natural way of generating self-interacting particles with Hubble mass during inflation. After constructing the general effective Lagrangian, we study how these particles mix and interact with the curvature fluctuations, generating potentially detectable non-Gaussian signals.
Can Your Smartphone Make You a Tourist? Mine Does: Understanding the Consumer’s Adoption Mechanism for Mobile Payment System

Payment through mobile phones is a vital breakthrough in the arena of online businesses and e-commerce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants, enablers, and barriers involved in the success or failure of the mobile payment system (MPS) for the travel industry. The study employs the constructs operationalized from coping theory, unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT 2), and innovation resistance theory (IRT). The data has been collected from the 378 travelers who have used MPS for travel bookings for the first time. The customers of various travel agencies have been approached using an online questionnaire. Data has been analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 26. The analysis revealed several interesting findings. All of the direct hypotheses for coping theory constructs were accepted except for the mediating role of satisfaction. However, the factors of UTAUT 2 and IRT revealed very thought-provoking findings, questioning various obvious perceptions. The findings of the study can be used by the media agencies, hotels, and travel and tourism departments of the governments, especially in the context of developing nations.
The bias and mass function of dark matter haloes in non-Markovian extension of the excursion set theory

The excursion set theory based on spherical or ellipsoidal gravitational collapse provides an elegant analytic framework for calculating the mass function and the large-scale bias of dark matter haloes. This theory assumes that the perturbed density field evolves stochastically with the smoothing scale and exhibits Markovian random walks in the presence of a density barrier. Here, we derive an analytic expression for the halo bias in a new theoretical model that incorporates non-Markovian extension of the excursion set theory with a stochastic barrier. This model allows us to handle non-Markovian random walks and to calculate perturbatively these corrections to the standard Markovian predictions for the halo mass function and halo bias. Our model contains only two parameters: κ, which parametrizes the degree of non-Markovianity and whose exact value depends on the shape of the filter function used to smooth the density field, and a, which parametrizes the degree of stochasticity of the barrier. Appropriate choices of κ and a in our new model can lead to a closer match to both the halo mass function and the halo bias in the latest N-body simulations than the standard excursion set theory.
On Functional and Holographic Renormalization Group Methods in Stochastic Theory of Turbulence

A nonlocal quantum-field model is constructed for the system of hydrodynamic equations for incompressible viscous fluid (the stochastic Navier--Stokes (NS) equation and the continuity equation). This model is studied by the following two mutually parallel methods: the Wilson--Polchinski functional renormalization group method (FRG), which is based on the exact functional equation for the generating functional of amputated connected Green's functions (ACGF), and the Heemskerk--Polchinski holographic renormalization group method (HRG), which is based on the functional Hamilton--Jacobi (HJ) equation for the holographic boundary action. Both functional equations are equivalent to infinite hierarchies of integro-differential equations (coupled in the FRG case) for the corresponding families of Green's functions (GF). The RG-flow equations can be derived explicitly for two-particle functions. Because the HRG-flow equation is closed (contains only a two-particle GF), the explicit analytic solutions are obtained for the two-particle GF (in terms of the modified Bessel functions $I$ and $K$) in the framework of the minimal holographic model and its simple generalization, and these solutions have a remarkable property of minimal dependence on the details of the random force correlator (the function of the energy pumping into the system). The restrictions due to the time-gauged Galilean symmetry present in this theory, the problem of choosing the pumping function, and some generalizations of the standard RG-flow procedures are discussed in detail. Finally, the question of whether the HRG-solutions can be used to solve the FRG-flow equation for the two-particle GF (in particular, the relationship between the regulators in the two methods) is studied.
Steady state reconnection at a single 3D magnetic null point

Aims. We systematically stress a rotationally symmetric 3D magnetic null point by advecting the opposite footpoints of the spine axis in opposite directions. This stress eventually concentrates in the vicinity of the null point, thereby forming a local current sheet through which magnetic reconnection takes place. The aim is to look for a steady state evolution of the current sheet dynamics, which may provide scaling relations for various characteristic parameters of the system. Methods. The evolution is followed by solving numerically the non-ideal MHD equations in a Cartesian domain. The null point is embedded in an initially constant density and temperature plasma. Results. It is shown that a quasi-steady reconnection process can be set up at a 3D null by continuous shear driving. It appears that a true steady state is unlikely to be realised because the current layer tends to grow until it is restricted by the geometry of the computational domain and the imposed driving profile. However, ratios between characteristic quantities clearly settle after some time to stable values, so that the evolution is quasi-steady. The experiments show a number of scaling relations, but they do not provide a clear consensus for extending to lower magnetic resistivity or faster driving velocities. More investigations are needed to fully clarify the properties of current sheets at magnetic null points.
Topological Feature Tracking for Submesoscale Eddies

Current state‐of‐the art procedures for studying modeled submesoscale oceanographic features have made a strong assumption of independence between features identified at different times. Therefore, all submesoscale eddies identified in a time series were studied in aggregate. Statistics from these methods are illuminating but oversample identified features and cannot determine the lifetime evolution of the transient submesoscale processes. To this end, the authors apply the Topological Feature Tracking (TFT) algorithm to the problem of identifying and tracking submesoscale eddies over time. TFT identifies critical points on a set of time‐ordered scalar fields and associates those points between consecutive timesteps. The procedure yields tracklets which represent spatio‐temporal displacement of eddies. In this way we study the time‐dependent behavior of submesoscale eddies, which are generated by a 1‐km resolution submesoscale‐permitting model. We summarize the submesoscale eddy data set produced by TFT, which yields unique, time‐varying statistics.
Type Ia supernova host galaxies as seen with IFU spectroscopy

(abridged) We used the wide-field IFU spectrograph PMAS/PPAK at the 3.5m telescope of Calar Alto Observatory to observe six nearby spiral galaxies that hosted SNe Ia. Spatially resolved 2D maps of the properties of the ionized gas and the stellar populations were derived. Five of the observed galaxies have an ongoing star formation rate of 1-5 M_sun/yr and mean stellar population ages ~5 Gyr. The sixth galaxy shows no star formation and has an about 12 Gyr old stellar population. All galaxies have stellar masses larger than 2E+10 M_sun and metallicities above solar. Four galaxies show negative radial metallicity gradients of the ionized gas up to -0.058 dex/kpc and one has nearly uniform metallicity with a possible shallow positive slope. The stellar components show shallower negative metallicity gradients up to -0.03 dex/kpc. We find no clear correlation between the properties of the galaxy and those of the supernovae, which may be because of the small ranges spanned by the galaxy parameters. However, we note that the Hubble residuals are on average positive while negative Hubble residuals are expected for SNe Ia in massive hosts such as the galaxies in our sample. In conclusion, IFU spectroscopy on 4-m telescopes is a viable technique for studying host galaxies of nearby SNe Ia. It allows one to correlate the supernova properties with the properties of their host galaxies at the projected positions of the supernovae. Our current sample of six galaxies is too small to draw conclusions about the SN Ia progenitors or correlations with the galaxy properties, but the ongoing CALIFA IFU survey will provide a solid basis to exploit this technique more and improve our understanding of SNe Ia as cosmological standard candles.
The Use of Cryotherapy in Cosmetology and the Influence of Cryogenic Temperatures on Selected Skin Parameters—A Review of the Literature

Cryotherapy is becoming an increasingly popular method used in medicine, physiotherapy, and cosmetology. It is used in the form of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) and local cryotherapy. It is a tool for achieving analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Since the beginning of its use, its influence on the mental state has also been pointed out. The aim of this study was to analyze the available literature on the effect of cryogenic temperatures on the skin and the mechanisms induced by such a stimulus and its influence on well-being. A literature search of keywords or phrases was performed in PubMed®. Various effects of WBC on skin characteristics (hydration, pH, level of transepidermal water loss), mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects, and effects on adipocytes were shown. Research on the impact of individual skin characteristics is not consistent. Positive effects on the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress have been noted. Cryotherapy is also successfully used in dermatology to treat lentil spots, actinic keratosis, and ingrown toenails, remove viral warts, or relieve itching in atopic dermatitis. The results of the review also indicate the effectiveness of WBC as an adjunctive treatment for obesity. The number of papers available on the direct effects of WBC on the skin is still limited, despite the fact that it represents the first contact of the human body with cryogenic temperatures. Available data show that cold as a physical stimulus can be a safe and useful tool in cosmetology.
Biological Control Potential of Penicillium brasilianum against Fire Blight Disease

Erwinia amylovora is a causative pathogen of fire blight disease, affecting apple, pear, and other rosaceous plants. Currently, management of fire blight relies on cultural and chemical practices, whereas it has been known that few biological resources exhibit disease control efficacy against the fire blight. In the current study, we found that an SFC20201208-M01 fungal isolate exhibits antibacterial activity against E. amylovora TS3128, and the isolate was identified as a Penicillium brasilianum based on the β-tubulin (BenA) gene sequence. To identify active compounds from the P. brasilianum culture, the culture filtrate was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol sequentially. From the ethyl acetate layer, we identified two new compounds (compounds 3-4) and two known compounds (compounds 1-2) based on spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. Of these active compounds, penicillic acid (1) exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. amylovora TS3128 with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 25 μg/ml. When culture filtrate and penicillic acid (125 μg/ml) were applied onto Chinese pearleaf crab apple seedlings prior to inoculation of E. amylovora TS3128, the development of fire blight disease was effectively suppressed in the treated plants. Our results provide new insight into the biocontrol potential of P. brasilianum SFC20201208-M01 with an active ingredient to control fire blight.