Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Danger and Fear Control in Response to Fear Appeals: The Role of Need for Cognition

This study examined the influence of need for cognition (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982) on adaptive and maladaptive responses to fear appeals. After measuring their need for cognition, participants read a high versus low threat message about breast cancer, followed by a persuasive message that recommended breast self-examination. Interaction effects between need for cognition and threat on measures of precautionary motivation supported our main hypothesis that fear appeals only result in adaptive coping (i.e., danger control) among respondents who are high in need for cognition. If possible, persuasive communicators may thus consider screening participants first on their need for cognition. On the other hand, predicted main effects of threat information on maladaptive coping (i.e., fear control) suggest that fear appeals should be used with caution, preceded by extensive pilot testing.
The Role of Cannabinoids in Allergic Diseases

The human endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex signalling network involved in many key physiological processes. The ECS includes the cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoid ligands, and the enzymes related to their synthesis and degradation. Other cannabinoids encompass the phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana) and the synthetic cannabinoids. Alterations in the ECS are associated with different diseases, including inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders such as allergy. Allergy is a global health problem of increasing prevalence with high socioeconomic impact. Different studies have convincingly demonstrated that cannabinoids play a role in allergy, but their actual contribution is still controversial. It has been shown that cannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory properties in the airways and the skin of allergic patients. Other studies reported that cannabinoids might exacerbate asthma and atopic dermatitis mainly depending on CB2-mediated signalling pathways. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the mode of action of specific cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors on relevant immune cells under different biological contexts might well contribute to the design of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Future research in this promising emerging field in the context of allergy is warranted for the upcoming years. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel
Avoiding the natural resource curse: an optimal use of oil rents to reduce its potential negative effects upon economic growth

Crude oil is a commodity that is often traded between countries. When countries begin their commercial export of crude oil, their national economic statistics look very favorable. However, the experiences of several oil-exporting countries have shown a decline in their economic performance in the long run. Strong oil export revenues have long been speculated to be the key antecedent for the poor economic performance of oil-rich nations. This study has two main objectives. The first is to empirically identify the determinants of the natural resource curse; the second is to explore policy mechanisms to avoid the resource curse by addressing the robust oil export revenues in a manner that would not compromise a country’s economic performance. From a panel of 18 countries over the 2001 to 2017 period, this study found that petroleum natural resource abundance could have a negative relationship with real per capita GDP growth. Thus, oil-rich developing countries should be cautioned about the potential for high oil export revenues eventually cause a reduction in their real per capita GDP growth. This study contributed to the natural resource curse literature by its presentation of an alternate scenario for the management of natural resource funds. This study suggests that the PIH is not the optimal scenario for the management of natural resource funds as it induces a government to commence borrowing before the onset of the boom. When the boom comes to an end, inertia in public spending may cause the government to continue borrowing. This study proposes that the optimal approach for the management of natural resource funds is one in which a proportion of the natural resource rents is saved in a low risk–interest bearing natural resource fund, and the remainder is used to develop the productive capacity of the economy.
IMPACT OF PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENT (PTA) ON THE EXPORT OF ASEAN+4

This research aims to examine and analyze the impact of the trade agreement on the export of ASEAN member countries (Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Philippines and Myanmar) and four ASEAN dialogue partners (RRT, Republic of South Korea, Japan, and India) during 1984-2017. This research is estimated using Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method. The result shows that Trade Agreement significantly affect the export.
Labor market frictions, self-employment and productivity∗

Unemployment and self-employment/entrepreneurship are two central, closely linked features of urban labor markets in low income economies. They matter both for individual welfare and for aggregate productivity. Yet, the links between the two are poorly understood. Existing models of unemployment are almost exclusively geared towards advanced economies, very rarely address self-employment, and are therefore ill-suited for this context. To address this gap, this paper builds and quantitatively analyzes a model of unemployment and entrepreneurship with labor market frictions and firm heterogeneity. The quantitative analysis is guided by evidence from urban Ethiopia, a very poor economy with high rates of unemployment and self-employment. It reveals important connections between labor market frictions, self-employment, and productivity. First, making self-employment less attractive not only reduces the self-employment rate, but firm entry overall. It also pushes some otherwise self-employed individuals into the unemployment pool. While firm sizes rise, so does the unemployment rate. Second, reducing labor market frictions not only affects unemployment, as in the standard DMP model. It also motivates the self-employed to switch to job search, thereby reducing the self-employment rate by more than the unemployment rate. The larger pool of job seekers contributes to raising the size of firms and output per person engaged, as there is a shift in the composition of employment and output from self-employment to more productive employer firms. Self-employment and unemployment are thus intimately linked. Labor market interventions affect not only unemployment, but also self-employment and aggregate productivity. ∗I would like to thank Andrei Munteanu, Masaya Takano and Xian Zhang for outstanding research assistance. I would also like to thank Girum Abebe, Stefano Caria, Douglas Gollin, Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse and seminar participants at the IGC Workshop on Dimensions of Structural Transformation (Addis Ababa, September 2016) and the 2016 SMAUG Workshop on Macroeconomics, Search & Matching for valuable comments and suggestions. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the International Growth Centre (IGC), and thank the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency and the IGC for facilitating data access. †Contact: McGill University, Economics Department, 855 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal QC H3A 2T7, Canada. e-mail: markus.poschke@mcgill.ca
Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

This article overviews the scientific results of the microstructural features observed in 316 L stainless steel manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method obtained by the authors, and discusses the results with respect to the recently published literature. Microscopic features of the LPBF microstructure, i.e., epitaxial nucleation, cellular structure, microsegregation, porosity, competitive colony growth, and solidification texture, were experimentally studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffraction methods, and atom probe tomography. The influence of laser power and laser scanning speed on the microstructure was discussed in the perspective of governing the microstructure by controlling the process parameters. It was shown that the three-dimensional (3D) zig-zag solidification texture observed in the LPBF 316 L was related to the laser scanning strategy. The thermal stability of the microstructure was investigated under isothermal annealing conditions. It was shown that the cells formed at solidification started to disappear at about 800 °C, and that this process leads to a substantial decrease in hardness. Colony boundaries, nevertheless, were quite stable, and no significant grain growth was observed after heat treatment at 1050 °C. The observed experimental results are discussed with respect to the fundamental knowledge of the solidification processes, and compared with the existing literature data.
Assessing Hospital Physicians' Acceptance of Clinical Information Systems: A Review of the Relevant Literature

In view of the tremendous potential benefits of clinical information systems (CIS) for the quality of patient care; it is hard to understand why not every CIS is embraced by its targeted users, the physicians. The aim of this study is to propose a framework for assessing hospital physicians' CIS-acceptance that can serve as a guidance for future research into this area. Hereto, a review of the relevant literature was performed in the ISI Web-of-Science database. Eleven studies were withheld from an initial dataset of 797 articles. Results show that just as in business settings, there are four core groups of variables that influence physicians' acceptance of a CIS: its usefulness and ease of use, social norms, and factors in the working environment that facilitate use of the CIS (such as providing computers/workstations, compatibility between the new and existing system.). We also identified some additional variables as predictors of CIS-acceptance.
The computation of #2SAT by a fixed-parameter tractable algorithm

The counting of models for two conjunctive forms (2-CF), problem know as #2SAT, is a classic #P problem. We determine diﬀerent structural patterns on the underlying graph of a 2-CF F that allows the eﬃcient computation of #2SAT( F ). We show that if the constrained graph G F of a 2-CF F is acyclic or it has cycles without common edges with other cycles, then #2SAT( F ) is computed eﬃciently. Finally, if G F has entwined cycles (set of cycles with common edges), we have designed a deterministic ﬁxed-parameter algorithm for #2SAT, that is, an algorithm whose time complexity is O (2 k · poly ( | F | )), where poly ( | F | ) is a polynomial function on the size of F , and k denotes the maximum ‘edge-entwined’ of G F , that is, k is a parameter equal to the maximum number of fundamental cycles of G F with a common edge.
Numerical investigation of the plasma formation in air generated by 355 nm Nd:YAG laser pulses

In the present work, a numerical analysis is performed to investigate the comparative contribution of the mechanisms responsible for electron gain and losses in laser-induced breakdown. In this regard, we adopted a simple theoretical formulation relying on the numerical solution of a rate equation that describes the growth of the electron density due to the joined effect of multiphoton and cascade ionization processes. The rate equation also includes the effect of electron loss due to diffusion, attachment and recombination processes. The analysis considered atmospheric air irradiated by a Nd:YAG laser radiation at a wavelength of 355 nm with 5 ns pulse duration full-width half-maximum (FWHM).
Does Corporate Governance Improve Transparency in Emerging Markets

We seek to understand how corporate governance affects transparency in emerging markets, where information asymmetry is endemically high. Using Thailand as a case study, we find that firms with better quality corporate governance have more firm-specific information incorporated in stock prices. We also highlight the role of corporate insider trading in further reducing information asymmetry in Thailand. The results are robust to alternative proxies for information disclosure.
What Have We Learned About the Brazilian Development Bank?

This paper discusses what we have learned about the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), one of the largest development banks in the world, based on the available empirical evidence. We reviewed 70 academic papers that, based on the data, tried to identify causal relations involving the Bank. In general, the evidence indicates that BNDES loans are an effective instrument to increase investment, employment and exports, especially when credit borrowers are micro, small and medium-sized companies. The Bank also appears to have positive effects on economic activity and the revenues of supported firms. There is also evidence that the BNDES’s operation was able to reduce deforestation in the country. However, most articles suggest that the BNDES has null effects on productivity, the profitability of companies and the share value of supported firms. The literature is not conclusive about the effects of BNDES on monetary policy power and municipal tax collection, as well as about whether there was political influence in the Bank’s loans. Finally, this article discusses what we still do not know about the BNDES – which, therefore, remains an open issue for future research. ∗The opinions expressed here do not necessarily represent the official position of the BNDES or IBRE/FGV. The authors are grateful for the comments and suggestions of Fabio Giambiagi, Guilherme Tinoco, André Sant’anna, Maurício Furtado, Luciano Machado, Victor Pina Dias, Daniel Grimaldi and Sergio Lazzarini. †E-mail para contato: ricardom.barboza@globo.com.
Herbaceous life forms of Maruthamalai Hills, Southern Western Ghats, India

The present paper deals with 130- herbaceous species belonging to 34- families were recorded. The life forms spectrum showed Chaemaephytes, Hemicryptophytes, Geophytes, Therophytes are abundantly found in this area. The dominance of Chaemaephytes indicates the tropical dry deciduous forest and humid conditions. The anthropogenic di s- turbances are greatly affected the biodive rsity and structural characteristics of a communit y.
In-Silico Development of 1, 7-Dihydrodipyrrolo [2,3-b:3’,2’-e] Pyridine -3-carboxamide Derivatives as Candidate Janus Kinase Inhibitors to Control Rheumatoid Arthritis

| Therapeutic options for rheumatoid arthritis have increased tremendously over the last two decades. The persistent monopoly of the conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs over the drug platform has been taken over by a number of biologics including TNFα inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and co-stimulatory signal inhibitors with better efficacy and safety profile. However, certain factors such as lack of universal response, the need for prolonged therapy, subcutaneous or intravenous mode of administration along with high cost have rendered these unattractive. All this has paved the path for orally available small molecule kinase inhibitors and ‘Tofacitinib’, the first FDA approved Janus kinase inhibitor, invaded the market. The success of ‘Tofacitinib’ has switched on the myriad efforts for more efficacious and safe inhibitors. Here we report the in-Silico development of novel 1, 7-dihydrodipyrrolo[2,3b:3’,2’-e]pyridine -3-carboxamide derivatives as JAK3 inhibitors with predicted efficacy more than that of Tofacitinib. Although the dipyrrolopyridine analogues have already been used for developing inhibitors for different biological conditions, the presented arrangement (1, 7-dihydrodipyrrolo[2,3-b:3’,2’-e]pyridine ) has not been explored before. Due to the linear arrangement of its rings and characteristic position of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, it can accommodate the conformational changes of the binding cavity while maintaining interactions with the ATP binding residues. The designed inhibitors show some selectivity for JAK 1 and 3 over JAK2 offering a better safety profile against the harmful effects of JAK2 inhibition. Novelty Statement | The work presents the identification of novel dihydrodipyrrolopyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives as novel Janus kinase inhibitors with enhanced predicted efficacy and selectivity. 1, 7-dihydrodipyrrolo[2,3-b:3’,2’-e]pyridine moiety has emerged as novel hinge binding motif with features suitable to be explored for the development of ATP competitor kinase inhibitors for different medical conditions. Article History Received: November 21, 2019 Revised: May 20, 2020 Accepted: May 27, 2020 Published: June 26, 2020 Authors’ Contributions NP conducted the work as a PhD candidate under the supervision of NBR and MIS.
Assessment of the Robustness of Convolutional Neural Networks in Labeling Noise by Using Chest X-Ray Images From Multiple Centers

Background Computer-aided diagnosis on chest x-ray images using deep learning is a widely studied modality in medicine. Many studies are based on public datasets, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) dataset and the Stanford CheXpert dataset. However, these datasets are preprocessed by classical natural language processing, which may cause a certain extent of label errors. Objective This study aimed to investigate the robustness of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for binary classification of posteroanterior chest x-ray through random incorrect labeling. Methods We trained and validated the CNN architecture with different noise levels of labels in 3 datasets, namely, Asan Medical Center-Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (AMC-SNUBH), NIH, and CheXpert, and tested the models with each test set. Diseases of each chest x-ray in our dataset were confirmed by a thoracic radiologist using computed tomography (CT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were evaluated in each test. Randomly chosen chest x-rays of public datasets were evaluated by 3 physicians and 1 thoracic radiologist. Results In comparison with the public datasets of NIH and CheXpert, where AUCs did not significantly drop to 16%, the AUC of the AMC-SNUBH dataset significantly decreased from 2% label noise. Evaluation of the public datasets by 3 physicians and 1 thoracic radiologist showed an accuracy of 65%-80%. Conclusions The deep learning–based computer-aided diagnosis model is sensitive to label noise, and computer-aided diagnosis with inaccurate labels is not credible. Furthermore, open datasets such as NIH and CheXpert need to be distilled before being used for deep learning–based computer-aided diagnosis.
Agrotourism Niche-Market in Ghana: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach

The study examined multi-stakeholder inputs into agrotourism development in Ghana. Particular emphasis was placed on the potential and anticipated challenges for the emerging niche-market. The study employed a qualitative approach using a purposive sampling of 35 stakeholders selected from mainly tourism and agricultural related organisations in Ghana. The qualitative data generated were thematically analysed. The results of the study indicated that most of the stakeholders have no official documentation on agrotourism in the country. This notwithstanding, the stakeholders have a positive perception of agrotourism as a niche-market, with potential for becoming a market leader in the tourism sector in Ghana. The challenge, however, is the quality of frontline employees who, according to the literature, lack communication skills. The study showed amply that considerations such as public education on agrotourism, supporting locals with farm tools and equipment, giving technical assistance through capacity building, will help stimulate agrotourism in the country. In sum, the study presents a cardinal focus for agrotourism emergence in Ghana, and serves as a trajectory for a more robust development of the niche-market in Africa and beyond.
Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on physico–chemical composition of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the “Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on physico-chemical composition of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)” was carried out at the Main Experiment Station, Department of Horticulture, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya (U.P.) during the years 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The detail of treatments were as T1FYM 10 t/ha, T2-Vermicompost 5 t/ha, T3Pressmud 10 t/ha, T4FYM 10 t/ha + Azotobacter 10 kg/ha, T5Vermicompost 5 t/ha + Azotobacter 10 kg/ha, T6-Pressmud 10 t /ha+ Azotobacter 10 kg/ha, T7FYM 10 t/ha + PSB 10 kg/ha, T8-Vermicompost 5 t/ha + PSB 10 kg/ha, T9Pressmud 10 t/ha + PSB 10 kg/ha, T10FYM 10 t/ha + Azotobacter 10 kg/ha + PSB 10 kg/ha, T11Vermicompost 5t/ha + Azotobacter 10 kg/ha + PSB 10 kg/ha, T12Pressmud 10 t/ha + Azotobacter 10 kg/ha + PSB 10 kg/ha and T13Control. The maximum total soluble solids (13.64 and 13.78 Brix), ascorbic acid (45.20 and 46.90 mg/100g pulp), reducing sugars (5.25 and 5.40 per cent), non-reducing sugar (3.99 and 4.11 per cent), total sugars (9.24 and 9.51per cent) and minimum acidity (1.24 and 1.22 per cent) were recorded with application of vermicompost 5t/ha + Azotobacter 10 kg/ha + PSB 10 kg/ha (T11) during years 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. However, the minimum values of all characters except acidity were recorded under the control.
Economic Implications of Turkey’s EU Membership: The Advantages of Tying One’s Hands

This paper is a stock-taking exercise that brings together existing findings and new insights on the potential costs and benefits of EU membership for both Turkey and the EU. As far as Turkey is concerned, we focus on the costs and benefits of EU membership that are likely to result from compliance with the so-called EU conditionality. As far as EU is concerned, we focus on the costs and benefits associated with budgetary contributions and migration. Overall, we conclude that the impact of membership is likely to be positive for both parties, but the risks and returns are associated. In other words, Turkey stands to gain more than the EU but it is also the party that will be faced with higher adjustment costs.
Partial Boolean algebras and the logical exclusivity principle

Kochen and Specker’s seminal work on contextuality used the formalism of partial Boolean algebras. Unlike quantum logic in the sense of Birkhoff–von Neumann, partial Boolean algebras only admit physically meaningful operations. We describe a refinement of current approaches to contextuality, in particular the sheaf-theoretic and graph-theoretic approaches, to incorporate partial Boolean algebras. We introduce a new axiom for partial Boolean algebras, the Logical Exclusivity Axiom, and show that all probability models based on partial Boolean algebras satisfying this axiom obey Specker’s Probabilistic Exclusivity Principle. We also use this principle to give a logical presentation of tensor product which captures some of its salient quantum features.