Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sodium Citrate and Current Density on Electroplated Nanocrystalline Cobalt-Iron Thin Films

Effects of sodium citrate dosage and current density on composition and phase structure of nanocrystalline CoFe thin films were systematically studied. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed when sodium citrate dosage in the bath was less than 10 g/L, with increasing citrate in the bath, iron content in the deposited films remarkably decreased. However, sodium citrate dosage more than 20 g/L had no effect on composition of the deposited films. In low current densities, cobalt content decreases and iron content increases, as the current density increases. The current density of 15 ma/cm2 could be considered as alloy limiting current density. The XRD analyses showed that only BCC and/or FCC formed in the deposited films and average grain size, estimated by Scherrer formula, were below 55 nm. The results indicated that phase formation in the electrodeposition of CoFe deviated from equilibrium conditions and was controlled by kinetic conditions. The lattice constants for BCC and FCC phases in CoFe films were close to those of BCC iron and FCC cobalt, respectively.
Amendments for mitigation of dairy manure ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions: Preliminary screening

Amendments can be practical and cost-effective for reducing ammonia [NH3] and greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions from dairy manure. In this study, the effect of 22 amendments on NH3 and GHG carbon dioxide [CO2], methane [CH4] and nitrous oxide [N2O] emissions from dairy manure were simultaneous investigated at room temperature (20oC). Dairy manure slurry (2 kg; 1:1.7 urine:feces; 12% total solids) was treated with various amendments, representing different classes of product, following the suppliers’ recommended rates. In this screening of products, one sample of each amendment was evaluated along with untreated manure slurry with repeated measurements over 24 h. Gas emissions were measured after short (3 d) and medium (30 d) storage duration using a photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer. Six amendment products that acted as microbial digest, oxidizing agent, masking agent or adsorbent significantly reduced NH3 by >10% (P = 0.04 to <0.001) after both 3 and 30 d. Microbial digest/enzymes with nitrogen substrate appeared effective in reducing CH4 fluxes for both storage times. Most of the masking agents and disinfectants significantly increased CH4 in both storage periods (P = 0.04 to <0.001). For both CH4 and CO2 fluxes, aging the manure slurry for 30 d significantly reduced gas production by 11 to 100% (P <0.001). While some products reduced emissions at one or both storage times, results showed that the ability of amendments to mitigate emissions from dairy manure is finite and re-application may be required even for a static amount of manure. Simultaneous measurement of gases identified glycerol as a successful NH3 reduction agent while increasing CH4 in contrast to a digestive-microbial product that significantly reduced CH4 while enhancing NH3 release.
Model Reaction Studies and Crosslinking of Dimethyl‐meta‐isopropenylbenzyl Isocyanate Containing Ambient Crosslinkable Latex

The mechanism of TMI-induced crosslinking was studied using model reactions in a mixture of TMI, water and acetic acid. The hydrolysis of TMI was slow at room temperature, but could be enhanced by the incorporation of carboxylic acid groups. The formation of amide linkages via condensation between TMI and carboxylic acid groups did occur at room temperature, but was very slow. The crosslinking of a fully crosslinked latex film was also studied using a new type of latex. The degree of crosslinking of the core-crosslinked latex films was lower than theoretical values and the mechanical properties were poor, which was ascribed to insufficient interfacial crosslinking.
Electrochemical Synthesis of a Water-Soluble and Self-Doped Polythiophene Derivative

A new monomer, 4-(thiophen-3-yl methyleneamino)benzene sulfonate) (ThSA), was synthesized and characterized. Electrochemical polymerization of ThSA yields a water-soluble and self-doped polymer (PThSA). This polymer was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, DSC, XRD and conductivity measurements.
Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the system corn oil + oleic acid + ethanol + water at 298.15 K

Deacidification of vegetable oils can be performed by liquid−liquid extraction. The present paper reports experimental data for the system corn oil + oleic acid + ethanol + water at 298.15 K and different water contents. The addition of water to the solvent reduces the loss of neutral oil in the alcoholic phase and improves the solvent selectivity. The experimental data were correlated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC models, with a global deviation of 0.89% and 0.92%, respectively.
Effects of combined application of vermicompost and mineral fertilizer on the growth of Allium cepa L. and soil fertility

Abstract The promotion of organic farming involves curtailing extensive use of mineral fertilizers. The pre-sent study was aimed to compare the effects of vermicompost (10 Mg ha –1 ), commercial mineralfertilizer (NPK—100:80:80), and their combinationon (1) the growth of a major cash crop “onion”( Allium cepa L.) and (2) the changes that may have occurred in the amended soil. The experi-ment was a randomized complete block design with four replications during the crop-growingseason of 2008/09. Results showed significantly higher plant growth in the combined/mix treat-ment of vermicompost and NPK, as measured by the vegetative growth of bulbs, number andlength of tillers per bulb, and fresh weight of bulbs and by the biochemical characteristics of theonion tillers/leaves (total chlorophyll, caretenoids, protein, and total sugar contents). Compari-son of the mixed treatment as compared to the control showed increases in bulb size (54%),total number of bulbs per bed (52%), and fresh weight of all bulbs (198%). The chemical proper-ties and enzyme activity of the amended soil also improved significantly in the combined treat-ment as compared to the application of vermicompost or the mineral fertilizer alone. Totalorganic C, microbial biomass C, and sulfate content were significantly higher in the mix treat-ment, with increases of 60%, 127%, and 126%, respectively, as compared to those of the chemi-cal-fertilizer-alone treatment. Similarly, b-glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogen-ase were significantly higher by 145%, 91%, 71%, respectively, in the mix treatment as compar-ed to those of fertilizer-alone application. This study indicates that application of a combinationof mineral fertilizer and vermicompost in the field can positively influence the biological proper-ties and fertility of soils, and support better plant growth, when compared to the application ofmineral fertilizer or vermicompost alone. The study suggests that this combined application canreduce the quantity and cost of mineral-fertilizers application for bulbous-crop cultivation by50%, while also sustaining soil biologicalactivity of tropical and subtropical soils.
PbSe/PbS and PbSe/PbSexS1–x Core/Shell Nanocrystals

The synthesis of PbSe/PbS and PbSe/PbSexS1–x core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) with luminescence quantum efficiencies of 45–55 % is reported. PbSe/PbS NCs are prepared via a two‐stage process, while the PbSe/PbSexS1–x NCs are formed in a single‐stage procedure. The core/shell NCs exhibit an energy tuning of the exciton transitions, with respect to that of the core NC, that is dependent on the core diameter, shell thickness, and composition.
Supporting priority setting in science using research funding landscapes

In this working paper, we describe how to map research funding landscapes in order to support research funders in setting priorities. Based on data on scientific publications, a funding landscape highlights the research fields that are supported by different funders. The funding landscape described here has been created using data from the Dimensions database. It is presented using a freely available web-based tool that provides an interactive visualization of the landscape. We demonstrate the use of the tool through a case study in which we analyze funding of mental health research.
Quality wines and wines protected by a designation of origin: Identifying their consumption determinants

Abstract In international wine markets, two different commercial strategies coexist: one from emerging countries, based on grape varieties, and one from traditional countries, based on designations of origin (DOs). This study focuses on Spain, a country with a long tradition in wine production and consumption, where there is an increasing demand for quality wine from DOs. The aim of the study is to develop two theoretical models to explain the consumption intensity of a quality wine and of a wine protected by a specific DO. Three surveys were carried out to collect data related to the wine producers belonging to the Alicante DO (Spain), catering professionals and red wine consumers. Statistical analysis was conducted using structural equation models. Findings show that the models that explain quality wine and Alicante DO wine consumption intensity share a direct relationship with an interest in gastronomy, and the opposite relationship with a healthy life. However, the first model includes social activity as an explanatory variable of quality wine consumption, whereas the consumption of wine from the Alicante DO is better explained through consumer ethnocentrism.
Online Monte Carlo based calculator of human skin spectra and color

We present an object oriented GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo tool for the online simulation of reflectance spectra and color of the human skin in visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral region. Human skin is represented as multi-layered medium. The variations in spatial distribution of blood, pheomelanin, eumelanin, index of blood oxygen saturation, hematocrit, and volume fraction of water are taken into account. The optical properties of skin tissues and the results of simulation of skin reflectance spectra and corresponding skin colors are presented.
Facile Synthesis of Water-Soluble Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters and HgII Sensing

A single step facile synthesis of highly emissive, water-soluble, fluorescent Ag nanoclusters has been reported using a small molecule, dihydrolipoic acid. These clusters were characterized using ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Mass spectrometric analysis shows the presence of a few atoms in nanoclusters containing only Ag4 and Ag5. The reported fluorescent Ag nanoclusters show excellent optical properties, including narrow emission profile, larger Stokes shift (more than 200 nm), and good photostability. Interestingly, these nanoclusters also exhibit semiconducting property. Moreover, as-prepared fluorescent Ag nanoclusters have been utilized as an indicator for selective and ultrasensitive detection of highly toxic HgII ions in water, even at subnanomolar concentrations.
On the optical properties of micro-?and nanometric size PbI2 particles

Scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy and low temperature photoluminescence (PL) were used to examine small particles produced by the chemical reaction between Pb(NO3)2 and KI in different liquid media: water, methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile. By stoichiometric changes in the synthesis reaction, platelets of PbI2 and rods probably of KPbI3 are produced. Regardless of shape and size, these particles exhibit almost the same PL, which consists of two intense bands centred around the 2.5 (E band) and 2.0 eV (G band), in turn similar to that of a crystalline slide or a micrometric powder, both prepared from a PbI2 single-crystal grown from the melt. Crystalline PbI2 platelets exhibit an E band with two components, at 2.49 (EF band) and 2.47 eV (ET band), originating in the recombination of the free and trapped excitons produced by inter-band irradiation. A close relation between the enhancement of the ET and G band reveals that they are linked to the surface defects. For the rod-like particles, the PL spectrum is somewhat similar to that of a Pb2+ ion introduced into an alkaline halide lattice, which as for any ns2 ion displays two emission bands, AT and AX, whose correspondents are E and G bands.
Influence of Diameter on the Raman Spectra of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) of various diameters have been analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to clarify the influence of the diameter of MWNTs on their Raman spectra. The G-band frequency of MWNTs determined by curve fitting decreases with increasing tube diameter for diameters less than around 20 nm, beyond which it is almost constant. We believe that the G-band frequency of MWNTs with diameters less than 20 nm is affected by the interlayer spacing of MWNTs, and the behavior of the G-band frequency of MWNTs with diameters exceeding 20 nm can be explained on the basis of the optical penetration depth in graphite.
New Solids Based on B12N12 Fullerenes

In recent years, BN fullerenes have been synthesized experimentally. As their carbon counterparts, these BN fullerenes could be assembled in molecular solids, but this possibility has been studied little in the literature. In this work, we focus on the smallest synthesized BN fullerene, B12N12, which is built by squares and hexagons. First, the interaction between two of these fullerenes has been analyzed, using the hybrid B3LYP and MPW1PW91 density functional methods. Two different interactions have been studied in the dimer, a square facing a square (S−S) and a hexagon facing a hexagon (H−H). In both cases, a B is facing a N. The most stable dimer was found to be S−S facing, with covalent interactions between the monomers, but other dimers with weak interactions have been found as well, which opens possibilities of new systems, as in the case of fullerene dimers and solids. The solids resulting from the infinite repetition of the characterized dimers were optimized, finding two different solids, with co.
Malononitrile-Catalyzed and Highly Selective Method for the Synthesis of 2-((E)-1,3-Diarylallylidene)malononitriles in Ionic Liquid

Abstract The green and highly selective reactions of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 2-(1-arylethylidene)malononitriles in ionic liquid of [bmim+]Br− at 50°C unexpectedly gave 2-((E)-1,3-diarylallylidene)malononitriles. The modification of the reaction used 10 mol% malononitrile as catalyst at 90°C in [bmim+][ ]. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of the product was proposed based on further experimental results. 2-((E)-1,3-Diarylallylidene)malononitriles were not detected at all in the designed reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 2-(1-arylethylidene)malononitriles at the same reaction conditions.
Refinement of the Anion Exchange Membrane Method for Soluble Phosphorus Measurement

The proper use of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) to assess phosphorus availability in situ requires a more thorough understanding of their function under a wide range of soil biophysical conditions. We evaluated the ability of AEMs to sorb selected organic P compounds, determined possible interference of low-molecular-weight organic acids and humic substances on AEM-P sorption, and assessed the efficiency of AEM-P sorption in the presence of wetland sediments and soil-sediment microbes. We collected soils, swamp water, and sediments from a cypress swamp-pine flatwoods ecosystem in north central Florida. Membranes recovered nearly 100% of both ortho and organic P in a study using aqueous solutions of ortho P and organic P compounds. Membrane sorption of ortho P with varying concentrations of oxalate and protocatechuate was close to 100%. There was a reduction of 15 μg P per membrane when AEMs were placed inside low-molecular-weight-cutoff dialysis tubing (<1000 MWCO) in P-spiked swamp water; however, there was no significant tubing effect in non-spiked swamp water. In an experiment exploring effects on AEM-P sorption of P additions to swamp water with or without sediments, AEMs recovered six times more P than measured in non-spiked swamp water with sediments. When swamp water was treated with chloroform, AEMs sorbed an equal or greater amount of ortho P than ortho P measured in swamp water with no AEMs. Results suggest that AEMs can be used to measure soluble and readily desorbable P in low-P status soils and sediments with organic acids.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Volatile Oil from Rose Concrete

Rose concrete obtained from Rosa damascena Mill. was fractionated by supercritical CO2 extraction at 80 bar pressure and 40°C temperature by using a two-stage separation procedure. Two products, containing mainly paraffins and volatile oil, were recovered in the first and in the second separator, respectively. The volatile oil was analysed by GC–MS and compared with the products obtained from rose concrete by steam distillation and ethyl alcohol solubilization. The supercritical rose oil and the steam distilled product had very different compositions. The major difference was in the 2-phenylethanol content which was 50.0% in the SFE product and 10.4% in the steam-distilled rose oil. The liquid product obtained by ethyl alcohol solubilization contained 28.3% of 2-phenylethanol but more than 46% of paraffins, whereas the supercritical volatile oil contained only 15.1% of these compounds. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Computation and Experimental Verification of the Jet Region in a Fluidized Bed

The fluid dynamics in the jet region has been investigated numerically and experimentally by using a gas−solid jetting fluidized-bed cold model. A hydrodynamic model of gas−solid flow characteristics is based on the volume-averaged mass conversion and Navier−Stokes equations. The model was tested in the two-dimensional bed with a central jet and a cone-shaped distributor. The experimental data were obtained from the frame-by-frame analysis of films. The jet penetration height increases with an increase of the jet gas velocity and nozzle diameter. The jet frequency decreases with an increase in the jet gas velocity. Furthermore, a simple model to estimate the initial bubble diameter is presented using the assumption that the gas leakage velocity is equal to the minimum fluidization velocity. It has been verified that the hydrodynamic model shows a good agreement with experimental data, which makes this model a useful tool to study the jet characteristics in gas−solid fluidized beds.
Influence of the ionic strength on the dimensions of sodium hyaluronate

Results on the dimensions-radius of gyration (p 2 ) 1/2 and persistence length L p -and the intrinsic viscosity [η] of different molecular weights of hyaluronate samples using light scattering and viscosity experiments are presented. Particular attention has been given to the salt concentration effects. Extension of Odijk's model and application of the Yamakawa-Fujii theory lead to a good description of electrotatic expansion of the molecule assumed as a wormlike chain. A good agreement was found between calculated and experimental values and allows the determination of the intrinsic persistence length L≅ 80A
Studies on Shelf Life of ``Lateblue'' Highbush Blueberries

There is a considerable scope to mantain the quality and extend shelf-life of perishable and soft fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries by developing and evolving packaging strategies. In this work a study on the packaging of blueberries in plastic film for short-to-medium term storage was carried out. Blueberries cv Lateblue were hand-picked from a commercial plantation and packaged in different barrier films. Four commercially available films were used as packaging materials: two micro-perforated (0.3 mm and 1 mm in diameter), a non-perforated and a macro-perforated (6 mm in diameter). All the samples were stored at 4 °C for 15 days. The benefits of small packages (consumer packs), were evaluated through chemical (total soluble solid content (TSS), titratable acidity and pH), visual (color intensity, surface shine, firmness by touch, intensity of odor, and overall appearance) and sensory (crispness, sweet taste, acidic taste, total flavor, and overall appreciation) evaluation. The berries packaged in micro-perforated (1 mm in diameter) and non-perforated film maintained better quality attributes (high TSS content and titratble acidity) throughout the cold storage. The non-perforated film maintained also berry crispness and a good intensity of flavor. Non and micro-perforated packaging films gave the best results and appeared to be a feasible practice in order to ensure good quality during medium-term storage of blueberries. Moreover nonperforated film treatment was the only treatment that reduced in little or no significant pathogen-induced decay during cold storage.
ZINC DYSHOMEOSTASIS IN RATS WITH ALDOSTERONISM: RESPONSE TO SPIRONOLACTONE.: 178

Thomas M, Vidal A, Bhattacharya SK, Ahokas RA, Sun Y, Gerling IC, Weber KT. Zinc dyshomeostasis in rats with aldosteronism. Response to spironolactone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H2361–H2366, 2007. First published July 6, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00200. 2007. —Zinc is a structural constituent of many proteins, including Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), an endogenous antioxidant enzyme. Hypozincemia has been found in patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure, where neurohormonal activation, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is expected and oxidative stress is present. This study was undertaken to elucidate potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved in Zn dyshomeostasis in aldosteronism. In rats receiving aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST) alone for 1 and 4 wk or in combination with spironolactone (Spiro), an ALDO receptor antagonist, we monitored 24-h urinary and fecal Zn excretion and tissue Zn levels in heart, liver, and skeletal muscle, together with tissue metallothionein (MT)-I, a Zn -binding protein, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities in plasma and tissues. When compared with unoperated, untreated, age-/sex-matched controls, urinary and, in particular, fecal Zn losses were markedly increased (P 0.05) at days 7 and 28 of ALDOST, leading to hypozincemia and a fall (P 0.05) in plasma Cu/Zn-SOD activity. Microscopic scars and perivascular fibrosis of intramural coronary arteries first appeared in the right and left ventricles at week 4 of ALDOST and were accompanied by increased (P 0.05) tissue Zn, MT-I, and Cu/Zn-SOD activity, which were not found in uninjured liver or skeletal muscle. Spiro cotreatment prevented cardiac injury and Zn redistribution to the heart. Thus increased urinary and fecal Zn losses, together with their preferential translocation to sites of cardiac injury, where MT-I overexpression and increased Cu/Zn-SOD activity appeared, contribute to Zn dyshomeostasis in rats with aldosteronism, which were each prevented by Spiro. These findings may shed light on Zn dyshomeostasis found in patients with decompensated heart failure.
Persistence and dissipation of neonicotinoid insecticides on chilli fruits

A field trial was conducted to study the dissipation of neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and acetamiprid, on chilli fruits for the estimation of its half-life and waiting period. The samples of chilli fruits drawn at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21 days after spraying were quantified on gas liquid chromatography equipped with Ni 63 electron capture detector for acetamiprid and high performance liquid chromatography for imidacloprid. The residues of imidacloprid persisted up to seven days, whereas the acetamiprid persisted up to fifteen days of spraying. From the dissipation data, the half-life values of acetamiprid and imidacloprid were 2.27 and 2.08 days, respectively. A waiting period of 7.18 and 11.26 days were calculated for acetamiprid and imidacloprid in chilli.