Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH VARIABEL MAKRO EKONOMI, HARGA EMAS DAN HARGA MINYAK DUNIA TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN (Studi pada Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2009-2013)

This research was conducted to analyze variables which influence Jakarta Composite Index. The movement of Jakarta Composite Index is important for investors since it is a reflection of the capital market conditions at that time. This research was focused on macroeconomic variables, gold price and world oil price. Macroeconomic variables used are interest rate, money supply, GDP, and exchange rates. This research is explanatory research with quantitative approach. The sites used in this research are www.bi. go.id, www.kemendag. go.id, www.bps. go.id, www.lbma. org.uk, www.eia. gov, and www.finance. yahoo.com. This research was conducted to Jakarta Composite index in Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2009-2013 with 60 data. This research used sensus sampling. In this research there was multicollinearity problem that caused the researcher removing two variables with highest VIF value, which are Money Supply and GDP. The hypothesis test result by using multiple linear regression analysis showed that interest rate, exchange rate, gold price, and world oil price influence on Jakarta Composite Index significantly. The interest rate, exchange rate, and world oil price have negative significant influence, while the world gold price has positive significant influence on Jakarta Composite Index. Interest rate has the dominant influence on Jakarta Composite Index. The determination coefficient of this research is 66.6%.
Early Campanian mosasaurs (Reptilia; Mosasauridae) from the Kristianstad Basin, southern Sweden

Marine strata of latest early Campanian age (sensu germanico) in the Kristianstad Basin, Skane (Scania), southern Sweden, have yielded a diverse mosasaur fauna comprising six to eight taxa, including Tylosaurus ivoensis, Clidastes propython, Hainosaurus minor n. sp. , Halisaurus sternbergii, Platecarpus cf. somenensis, Platecarpus? sp. , Dollosaurus sp. , and possibly yet another mosasaurine or halisaurine. The material consists mainly of isolated shed tooth-crowns, although a number of vertebrae and other, fragmentary bones have been recorded as well. The assemblage is similar in composition to approximately coeval mosasaur faunas from the Western Interior and the Gulf Coast of North America. The giant T. ivoensis was formerly believed to be a species of Mosasaurus (i.e. M. hoffmanni ivoensis and M. ivoensis of earlier authors). Nevertheless, its dental and vertebral morphology correspond perfectly to those of tylosaurine mosasaurs. Tylosaurus pembinensis (a nominal species originally assigned to Hainosaurus) from the late early Campanian of southern Manitoba, Canada, may be a junior synonym of T. ivoensis, as its teeth (both marginal and pterygoid) and vertebrae are very similar to those of the latter taxon. The occurrence of C. propython in the early Campanian of southern Sweden represents the first record of both the genus and species outside of North America. In the Kristianstad Basin area remains of Clidastes are found in deposits representing a shallow water archipelago environment. This is in stark contrast to the deeper water, outer shelf environment advocated by one author as the preferred habitat for this species. Another intercontinental mosasaur; H. sternbergii, was originally described from an unspecified horizon in the late Coniacian-earliest Campanian Smoky Hill Chalk in western Kansas, USA. The Kristianstad Basin population of H. sternbergii was probably derived from individuals that migrated from the Mississippi Embayment sometime during the early Campanian. A new species of Hainosaurus; H. minor n. sp. , has been identified from very well preserved marginal tooth-crowns. The nominal species can be distinguished from the early Maastrichtian H. bernardi (the only other valid nominal species of Hainosaurus) by its relatively small-sized and heavily faceted teeth. At, or near, the early/late Campanian boundary, the mosasaur faunas in North America and northern Europe were severely decimated. New low-diversity faunas with Mosasaurus, Plioplatecarpus and Prognathodon replaced species-rich assemblages dominated by Clidastes, Platecarpus and Tylosaurus. The great distance and markedly different palaeoenvironments between different areas affected by the reorganization (e.g. sub-tropical outer shelf in Alabama vs. warm temperate shallow water archipelago in the Kristianstad Basin area) indicate that the faunal turnover was caused by a (undetermined) global catastrophic event, or a series of events, rather than by local, independent deteriorations of the environment.
Studies of molecular nitrogen bands from airborne auroral spectroscopy

Absolute auroral emission rates of several bands of the 1 PG (first positive), 2 PG, and Vegard-Kaplan systems of N2 and of the 1 NG (first negative) system of N2+ were obtained from simultaneous spectral scans of two Ebert spectrophotometers mounted on board the NASA CV 990 aircraft. Analysis of the observations shows that the emission rates in the 2 PG system are in good agreement with predictions based on laboratory and theoretical excitation cross sections (all of which have about the same value at the peak) and that the total system emission rate can be predicted from a model based on the emission rate of the N2+ 1 NG bands and spectroscopic ratios derived by Rees and Luckey (1974). Observed absolute emission rates of five bands of the 1 PG system can be reproduced very well by using the apparent excitation cross sections obtained from laboratory experiments by Shemansky and Broadfoot (1971a). Cascading from the C³Φ state accounts for only a few percent of the observed band emission rate. Quenching coefficients for the υ′ = 1 and υ′ = 2 levels of the A³Σu+ state are derived by combining observed emission rates with excitation rates predicted from cascading and electron impact excitation. A large uncertainty in the contribution from electron impact results in a substantial uncertainty in the υ′ = 2 quenching coefficient, but the υ′ = 1 level is populated principally by cascading, and a quenching rate coefficient of 1.4 ± 0.8 × 10−10 cm³ s−1 is obtained for collisions with atomic oxygen.
A Seasonal Air Transport Climatology for Kenya

A climatology of air transport to and from Kenya has been developed using kinematic trajectory modeling. Significant months for trajectory analysis have been determined from a classification of synoptic circulation fields. Five-point back and forward trajectory clusters to and from Kenya reveal that the transport corridors to Kenya are clearly bounded and well defined. Air reaching the country originates mainly from the Saharan region and northwestern Indian Ocean of the Arabian Sea in the Northern Hemisphere and from the Madagascan region of the Indian Ocean in the Southern Hemisphere. Transport from each of these source regions show distinctive annual cycles related to the northeasterly Asian monsoon and the southeasterly trade wind maximum over Kenya in May. The Saharan transport in the lower troposphere is at a maximum when the subtropical high over northern Africa is strongly developed in the boreal winter. Air reaching Kenya between 700 and 500 hPa is mainly from Sahara and northwest Indian Ocean in the months of January and March, which gives way to southwest Indian Ocean flow in May and November. In contrast, air reaching Kenya at 400 hPa is mainly from southwest Indian Ocean in January and March, which is replaced by Saharan transport in May and November. Transport of air from Kenya is invariant, both spatially and temporally, in the tropical easterlies to the Congo Basin and Atlantic Ocean in comparison to the transport to the country. Recirculation of air has also been observed but on a limited and often local scale and not to the extent reported in southern Africa.
Influence of cohesion on suspended load transport of non-uniform sediments

Experimental results are presented on suspended load transport rates of clay eroded from a channel bed made up of two types of cohesive sediment mixtures. The first mixture was prepared using fine gravel and clay with the clay proportion by weight varying from 10 to 50%. In the second mixture, equal proportions of fine gravel and fine sand were mixed with clay in proportions of 10 to 50%. Based on dimensional considerations a computational procedure was developed to estimate the rate of suspended load transport of the clay fraction eroded from the cohesive sediment mixtures. In the absence of cohesion, the proposed computational method transforms to a method for computation of suspended load transport rate of the cohesionless sediment mixtures. Studies on suspended load transport rates of cohesive sediment mixtures containing gravel as presented here were not reported so far in the literature to the best of our knowledge.
Twenty-six years of lidar monitoring of northern midlatitude stratospheric aerosols

Aerosols in the upper troposphere and low stratosphere have been monitored continuously during the past 26 years by a ground-based lidar system at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The measurements were started in 1974 to support NASA's ongoing atmospheric research programs, and have produced one of the world's longest continuous lidar records on northern mid- latitude aerosols. The 26-year record spans periods during which the stratospheric aerosol loading was greatly enhanced by highly explosive volcanic eruptions including, Fuego in 1974, El Chichon in 1982, and Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, each of which injected enormous quantities of aerosols and gases into the stratosphere. These lidar observations of volcanic aerosol plumes in the stratosphere over long time periods have provided insight into their potential impact on global climate and other atmospheric processes.
Global climate impact of civil aviation for standard and desulfurized jet fuel

Aircraft emissions can affect climate change through increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) but also via a host of other short‐lived non‐CO2 effects that are complex, involve impacts that are both warming and cooling and are unique to this sector. Previous assessments of aviation climate impacts have used a segmented approach whereby each effect was calculated separately and the effects summed. Integrated approaches using newly available Earth System models that allow simulation of more realistic interactions between effects are now possible. The NASA GISS Earth System Model (ModelE) is applied to reassess the net climate impact of civil aviation emissions based on a new inventory for year 2006 developed using the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT). The model simulates all known non‐CO2 aviation climate impacts except linear contrails and contrail‐cirrus for which a recent estimate is assumed. For standard jet fuel, the net global climate impact for sustained constant year 2006 aviation emissions is +44 ± 10 mWm−2 (2/3 due to non‐CO2 effects) on a 20‐year timescale and +73 ± 10 mWm−2 (over 1/3 due to non‐CO2 effects) on a 100‐year timescale. For desulfurized jet fuel, the net climate impact is +40 ± 10 mWm−2 on the 20‐year timescale, slightly less warming than the standard fuel case due to the complex interplay between sulfate and nitrate and the competition for ammonia. Ozone (O3) greenhouse efficiency (W per g O3 change) is 20–60% larger for aviation than surface transportation emissions.
The Effect of Environment on the Concentration of Skeletal Magnesium and Strontium in Dendraster

Specimens of Dendraster excentricus, the common Pacific Coast sand dollar, were collected from 24 localities between Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and Santa Rosalia Bay, Baja California. These tests were analyzed for magnesium and strontium by X-ray techniques and the percentage of calcium calculated. The $$MgCO_{3}$$ content of Dendraster tests appears to be directly related to both water temperature and salinity. The percentage of $$MgCO_{3}$$ tests from normal salinity waters increases about 0.5 per cent corresponding to an increase in mean summer water temperature of 11° C. A limited number of analyses of tests of other echinoid species indicates that the temperature-magnesium trend of Dendraster is not continuous in a linear manner with warmer water echinoid species of the same environmental type. Also, different echinoid species living under similar temperature conditions may deposit substantially different amounts of $$MgCO_{3}$$. With further work on recent forms it may be possible to determine paleotemperatures and salinities using the magnesium and strontium content of unaltered fossils.
Upper mantle seismic wave velocity' Effects of realistic partial melt geometries

We investigate seismic wave velocity reduction resulting from the presence of partial melt in the upper mantle. The amount of shear and bulk modulus reduction produced by the presence of a connected network of realistically shaped and naturally organized melt inclusions is found using finite element calculations. The geometries of the inclusions are taken directly from laboratory experiments of mantle melting, with finite element meshes constructed to conform to these shapes. The shear and bulk moduli of the composite material are found for both the unrelaxed (isolated inclusions) and relaxed (pressure equalized inclusions) cases by assigning appropriate material properties to the fluid. Modulus reduction from deformation simulations of a solid containing realistically shaped and ellipse- shaped melt inclusions quantify the effect of melt pocket cuspateness and melt pocket organization on seismic velocity reduction. The three-dimensional response is estimated from two-dimensional distributions of the melt phase by determining the mode II and mode III components of elastic modulus reduction separately and summing their effects. In general, cuspate and naturally organized melt inclusions cause greater velocity reduction. It is shown that V? and Vs reduction per percent partial melt are at least 3.6% and 7.9%, respectively. Even higher values for velocity reduction are possible above 1% melt fraction if melt exists only in tubules below 1% melt fraction. The lower, more conservative values of velocity reduction are 070% greater for Vp and 84% greater for Vs than the analytically determined values for ellipsoidal inclusions. Somewhat greater effects are possible if nonrandom organization of melt occurs on scales greater than our model.
Polish beech-larch stands: their structure, productivity and processes of generation

Sposób powstawania, struktura i produkcyjność drzewostanów bukowo-modrzewiowych w Polsce Polish beech-larch stands: their structure, productivity and processes of generation The aim of this study was to analyse how the formation processes that generate mixed larch stands with beech in the secondary storey affect their standing volume and growing stock. These estimates were based on data from 19 Polish stands surveyed for age, growth, stand quality and growing stock as partitioned among the tree species and canopy strata. Qualitative traits and changes in the standing volume and growing stock related to the proportion of beech to larch in the stand were analyzed for two larch age groups: (1) less than 120 years old and (2) over 120 years old. The examined stands were generated in two ways: through the establishment of mixed beech-larch crops or through the introduction of beech trees under an existing canopy of larch (usually at aged 40-50 years old or older). The growing stock of large timber in younger stands ranged from 372 to 622 m3/ha, including 86 to 190 m3/ha from beech and other admixed species, and was 482 to 1102 m3/ha from older stands, with species other than larch contributing 158 to 390 m3/ha. As the proportion of beech in the stand increases, the overall stand growing stock decreases: to a greater extent in younger than in older stands. Hence, excessive reduction in larch density is not desirable, since it is not compensated by increased beech reaching the upper canopy. In most stands, regardless of the method of stand generation, beech has a high growth rate so adds to stand quality. Stands with the largest growing stock (Młynary i Miłomłym - northern Poland) reached 1034 and 1102 m3/ha of large timber, of which the larch standing volume was, respectively 711 and 834 m3/ha.
The use of local resource knowledge and customary fisheries management to assist marine management in the Fiji Islands using Maumi, Fiji, as a case study

XI Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Global and regional marine management trends. 1 1.2 Geographic context and ecological significance of the Fiji Islands . 2 1.3 Thesis aims . 4 Chapter 2: Understanding existing marine management and resource use in Fiji. 8 2.1 Marine Management in Fiji. 8 2.2 Legislative framework for protected area management . 13 2.2.1 Lack of legislation for protected area management.17 2.3 Marine Protected Areas.18 2.3. 1 Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas . 18 2.4 Resource use issues . 21 2.5 Offshore fisheries in Fiji . 22 2.6 Inshore fisheries in Fiji . 25 2.6. 1 Land use affecting inshore marine areas . 27 2.6. 2 Coastal development.27 2.6. 3 Mangrove removal . 28 2.6. 4 Industrial development . 28 2.6. 5 Population growth . 28
Valuing international marine resources: A meta-analysis on the Baltic Sea

The study uses meta-analysis to provide insights into the value of international marine resources, illustrating the issue with the case of the Baltic Sea. Willingness to pay for water quality improvements varies systematically with factors such as a country’s income level, characteristics of the change in water quality, water body type, study year and methodology. The results of the meta analysis are applied to benefit transfer in order to assess the distribution of the benefits of marine protection measures between the Baltic Sea countries and to compare the results with previous research. The net benefits of protecting the Baltic are positive, but they are asymmetrically distributed between the littoral countries.
The reflection of impulses from a nonlinear random sea

Non-Gaussian ocean wave statistics are accounted for in a simple model of the reflection of radar impulses from the sea at near-vertical incidence. In the geometrical optics approximation to microwave backscatter, the impulse response of the sea surface is proportional to the joint probability density function (pdf) of wave height and slope, where the wave height corresponds to the appropriate propagation delay time and the slope satisfies the condition for specular reflection. The joint pdf is calculated according to the theory of Longuet-Higgins (1963) on the distributions of variables in a ‘weakly nonlinear’ random sea. The long-crested approximation is made, a Phillips wave spectrum is assumed, and the Gram-Charlier series is truncated after skewness terms. It is found that the height and height-slope skewness coefficients bear the ratio 1:2 and that consequently, the impulse response of the sea at vertical incidence is very nearly equal to wave height pdf. The mean of the distribution, however, is not located at true mean water level but is negatively biased in an amount equal to the height skewness coefficient times the rms wave height. The derived impulse response and conditional cross section versus wave height are in excellent agreement with the Yaplee et al. (1971) observations. It is suggested that the empirically determined and theoretically predicted sea state bias be corrected for in the routine processing of satellite radar altimeter data.
Série Scientifique Scientific Series Iterative and Recursive Estimation in Structural Non-adaptive Models Iterative and Recursive Estimation in Structural Non- Adaptive Models*

CIRANO Le CIRANO est un organisme sans but lucratif constitué en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d'une subvention d'infrastructure du ministère de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie, de même que des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche. CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member organizations, an infrastructure grant from the Ministère de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie, and grants and research mandates obtained by its research teams. ASSOCIÉ AU :. Institut de Finance Mathématique de Montréal (IFM 2). Laboratoires universitaires Bell Canada. Réseau de calcul et de modélisation mathématique [RCM 2 ]. Réseau de centres d'excellence MITACS (Les mathématiques des technologies de l'information et des systèmes complexes) Les cahiers de la série scientifique (CS) visent à rendre accessibles des résultats de recherche effectuée au CIRANO afin de susciter échanges et commentaires. Ces cahiers sont écrits dans le style des publications scientifiques. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l'unique responsabilité des auteurs et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. Résumé / Abstract Nous proposons une méthode d'inférence appelée «latent backfitting». Cette méthode est spécialement conçue pour les modèles économétriques dans lesquels les relations structurelles d'intérêt définissent les variables endogènes observées comme une fonction connue des variables d'états non observées et des paramètres inconnus. Cette spécification espace-état non linéaire ouvre la voie à des stratégies itératives ou récursives de type EM. Dans l'étape E, les variables d'état sont prédites à partir des observations et des valeurs des paramètres. Dans l'étape M, ces prévisions sont utilisées pour déduire des estimateurs des paramètres inconnus à partir du modèle statistique des variables latentes. L'estimation itérative/récursive proposée est particulièrement utile pour les modèles avec équation de régression latente et les modèles dynamiques d'équilibre utilisant des variables d'état latentes. Les questions relatives à l'application de ces méthodes sont analysées à travers l'exemple des modèles de structure par termes des taux d'intérêt. An inference …
Gravity and Magnetic Investigations in the Haughton Impact Structure, Devon Island, Canada

— The results of a new gravity survey show that the Haughton impact structure is associated with a 24 km diameter negative Bouguer gravity anomaly with a maximum amplitude of −12 mgal. A local minimum with a half-width of 2 km and an amplitude of −4 mgal is located at the center of the structure. A positive magnetic total field anomaly with a half-width of 0.6 km and an amplitude of 700 nT coincides with the local central gravity anomaly. The overall negative gravity anomaly is explained by lowered rock densities due to impact-related fracturing in the crater area. The central gravity and magnetic anomalies are believed to be due to highly shocked and heated sedimentary and crystalline basement rocks forming the unexposed peak of the central uplift in the Haughton impact structure.