Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE: I. INSIGHTS ON GALAXY COLOR MIGRATION FROM COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS

An analysis of more than 3000 galaxies resolved at better than 114 h−1 pc at z = 0.62 in a “LAOZI” cosmological adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic simulation is performed and insights are gained on star formation quenching and color migration. The vast majority of red galaxies are found to be within three virial radii of a larger galaxy at the onset of quenching, when the specific star formation rate experiences the sharpest decline to fall below ∼10−2–10−1 Gyr−1 (depending on the redshift). Thus, we shall call this mechanism “environment quenching,” which encompasses satellite quenching. Two physical processes are largely responsible: Ram pressure stripping first disconnects the galaxy from the cold gas supply on large scales, followed by a longer period of cold gas starvation taking place in a high velocity-dispersion environment, in which during the early part of the process, the existing dense cold gas in the central region (⩽10 kpc) is consumed by in situ star formation. On average, quenching is found to be more efficient (i.e., a larger fraction of galaxies being quenched) but not faster (i.e., the duration being weakly dependent on the environment) in a denser environment. Throughout this quenching period and the ensuing one in the red sequence, galaxies follow nearly vertical tracks in the color–stellar mass diagram. In contrast, individual galaxies of all masses grow most of their stellar masses in the blue cloud, prior to the onset of quenching, and progressively more massive blue galaxies with already relatively older mean stellar ages continue to enter the red sequence. Consequently, correlations among observables of red galaxies—such as the age–mass relation— are largely inherited from their blue progenitors at the onset of quenching. While the color makeup of the entire galaxy population strongly depends on the environment, which is a direct result of environment quenching, physical properties of blue galaxies as a subpopulation show little dependence on the environment. A variety of predictions from the simulation are shown to be in accordance with extant observations.
Impacts of climatic changes on agronomically and physiological processes in plants:
A review

Climate change is threatening crop productivity worldwide and new solutions should urgently adapted the crops to these environmental changes. High temperatures always affect the developmental and physiological plant processes that, ultimately, influence crop yield and quality. Xylem and phloem consider as plant vascular tissues, affected by the climatic changes. Their formation are critical for the transpiration phenomena, besides photosynthesis, however impacts on the transpiration stream are well studied, interactive effects of multiple stress factors are underrepresented. Climate changes will result in plants experiencing multiple co-occurring environmental stress factors, which require further studies. Due to drought stress will gradually influenced the diameter and density of xylem vessels or tracheid’s. All of these factors are expected to increase vascular cell wall thickness, due to increasing carbon allocation to these tissues. Roots are responsible for uptake both water and nutrients by plants. However changing in soil temperatures will alter the mechanisms that caused limiting crop growth. Variable climatic forecast will affect the development of root efficient system to better adapt the changing soil and environmental conditions for enhancing crop productivity. Studies of improving root for facing high temperatures are important to obtain more adapted suitable crop varieties. This review, will summarize the current knowledge about the effect of increasing temperatures on root growth and their impact on crop yield. The coordinated physiological and metabolic changes will be considered in roots and aerial parts that response of the plant to increased temperatures. The main regulatory mechanisms controlling root adaptation to warmer soils, including the activation of heat and oxidative pathways to prevent damage of root cells and disruption their growth as well as the interplay between hormonal regulatory pathways and the climatic changes on gene expression and protein homeostasis. Considering also that increasing temperatures are usually associated with other abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought, salinity, nutrient deficiencies, and pathogen infections as well. We will present recent advances on how the ability of root system to integrate and respond to complex and different stimuli in order to adapt to an increasingly changing environment as well as the initiation of vascular of both xylem and phloem , the transpiration stream through them , and photosynthesis. Finally, we will discuss the new prospects and challenges in this field as well as the more promising pathways for future research.
Where are the seeds? Lack of floral morphs prevent seed production by the tristylous Pontederia cordata in South Africa

Abstract Reproduction is a crucial part of the successful establishment and spread of an invasive species. Invasive plants often produce seeds prolifically to spread into new ranges, yet the invasive macrophyte, Pontederia cordata L. , does not appear to produce seeds in South Africa, limiting its invasive potential. Here, we aimed to determine what limits seed production of the tristylous P. cordata in South Africa, where it is widespread with impacts on the ecology of wetlands it invades, South Africa. We measured floral traits and pollen grain size from populations throughout the invasive range in South Africa to determine the relative proportion of tristylous morphs. We speculated that the absence of specialist native pollinators in the invasive range may be responsible for the absence of sexual reproduction and thus conducted a pollination study to determine whether flowers were visited. Thereafter, we hand pollinated 8865 flowers to conclude whether P. cordata exhibited an incompatibility system, which prevented seed production. The floral traits and pollen grain measurements were similar to those reported for short‐morphed flowers from the native range. The pollination study confirmed the absence of specialist insect visitors, while the hand‐pollination experiments resulted in no seed production. Only short‐morphed plants are present in South Africa, and the illegitimate pollination of short‐morphed plants prevents seed production. Vegetative spread through rhizome production is thus responsible for the invasion of P. cordata throughout South Africa. These findings suggest that control programs should target the plants' rhizomes to prevent and reduce spread. More importantly, preventing the introduction of medium‐ and long‐morphed plants into South Africa is crucial to preclude P. cordata from producing seeds and enhancing invasion.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior Mediated by the Organizational Culture

Innovative work behavior, transformational leadership style and organizational culture are critical variables that must be the focus of attention of every organization in order to succeed in this era of rapid technological change. This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior that is mediated by the organizational culture of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) teachers throughout the city of Mataram. The population of this research is active teachers in MAN in Mataram City, amounting to 124 teachers. The rate of return of questionnaires in this study was 83% or a total of 124 respondents. Hypothesis testing in this study uses path analysis with the SmartPLS3.2. 8 program. The results showed that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on innovative work behavior, transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational culture, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on innovative work behavior, transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on innovative work behavior mediated by culture organizations where organizational culture acts as a partial mediating variable. These findings indicate that to improve innovative work behavior it is necessary to apply transformational leadership styles and strengthen organizational culture
XUV frequency combs via femtosecond enhancement cavities

We review the current state of tabletop extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources based on high harmonic generation (HHG) in femtosecond enhancement cavities (fsEC). Recent developments have enabled generation of high photon flux (1014 photons s−1) in the XUV, at high repetition rates (>50 MHz) and spanning the spectral region from 40 to 120 nm. This level of performance has enabled precision spectroscopy with XUV frequency combs and promises further applications in XUV spectroscopic and photoemission studies. We discuss the theory of operation and experimental details of the fsEC and XUV generation based on HHG, including current technical challenges to increasing the photon flux and maximum photon energy produced by this type of system. Current and future applications for these sources are also discussed.
X-Ray Spectral Variability of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4051 Observed with Suzaku

We report results from a Suzaku observation of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 NGC 4051. During our observation, large amplitude rapid variability is seen and the averaged 2--10 keV flux is 8.1x10^-12 erg s^-1 cm^-2, which is several times lower than the historical average. The X-ray spectrum hardens when the source flux becomes lower, confirming the trend of spectral variability known for many Seyfert 1 galaxies. The broad-band averaged spectrum and spectra in high and low flux intervals are analyzed. The spectra are first fitted with a model consisting of a power-law component, a reflection continuum originating in cold matter, a blackbody component, two zones of ionized absorber, and several Gaussian emission lines. The amount of reflection is rather large (R ~ 7, where R=1 corresponds to reflection by an infinite slab), while the equivalent width of the Fe-K line at 6.4 keV is modest (140 eV) for the averaged spectrum. We then model the overall spectra by introducing partial covering for the power-law component and reflection continuum independently. The column density for the former is 1x10^23 cm^-2, while it is fixed at 1x10^24 cm-2 for the latter. By comparing the spectra in different flux states, we identify the causes of spectral variability. (abridged)
EVOLUTION OF DENSITY STRUCTURE OF STARLESS AND PROTOSTELLAR CORES

We present a near-infrared extinction study of nine dense cores at evolutionary stages between starless and Class I. Our results show that the density structure of all but one observed core can be modeled with a single power law ρ ∝ rp between ∼0.2R–R of the cores. The starless cores in our sample show two different types of density structures, one follows p ∼ −1.0 and the other follows p ∼ −2.5, while the protostellar cores all have p ∼ −2.5. The similarity between the prestellar cores with p ∼ −2.5 and protostellar cores implies that those prestellar cores could be evolving toward the protostellar stage. The slope of p ∼ −2.5 is steeper than that of an singular isothermal sphere, which may be interpreted with the evolutionary model of cores with finite mass.
Disparity in Relation to Covid-19 Preventive Behaviour and Associated Myths among Rural and Urban Residents of Lucknow: A Community Based Study

Introduction: For curbing Covid-19 disease, adequate knowledge, attitude, and practices of both rural and urban population for Covid-19 disease prevention is required along with busting of the associated myths. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of urban and rural residents of Lucknow district regarding covid-19 preventive behaviour and associated myths. Methodology: A community-based study was conducted among 420 rural and 421 urban residents of Lucknow. Multistage random sampling was done to select the study subjects. A pre-designed pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information regarding the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the residents for covid-19 disease causes, prevention, and treatment. Further, KAP scoring was done to compare the two groups. Results: The mean age of the rural and urban residents was 31.48 ± 12.05 and 30.93 ± 11.96 years respectively. Only 40.4 % urban and 25.5 % rural people had correct knowledge about social distancing (p<0.0001). Knowledge regarding quarantine for covid-19 disease prevention was less among the urban residents (64.6%) as compared to rural (70.5%) (p=0.035). More than one-third (37.6%) of the rural resident believed in the myth that alcohol can prevent the covid-19 disease (p=0.003). 68.8 and 70.5 percent rural and urban residents had positive attitude towards the Indian government’ efforts in curbing the disease. Majority of the urban (90%) and rural (87.6%) residents wore mask when they went out. Only one-fourth of the urban (24.7%) and rural (22.9%) had correct practices for the duration of hand washing. Conclusion: The knowledge was more among the urban people, attitude and practices were almost similar among both the rural and urban residents while myths were more observed among the rural residents.
Rate of Conversion of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patient with Previous upper Abdominal Surgery

Background: There are still a significant number of patients in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) cannot be performed successfully, necessitating conversion to open surgery . Some surgeons are hesitant to use the laparoscopic operation in patients with symptomatic gallstones and a history of upper abdominal surgery due to the possible dangers (UAS). Aim of the work: To evaluate the rate of Conversion from In a patient who has had previous upper abdominal surgery, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective study included collected records of 50 patients underwent cholecystectomy with previous upper abdominal surgery to detect rate of conversion among them in Al-Azhar University Hospitals & Damanhour Hospital. Results: In our study, regarding Techniques for safe entry to the abdomen among the participants, Safe entery of first trocar was our goal in all patients so we used different methods for 1st trocar insertion thus preventing injury to bowel or any structure that would adhere to abdominal wall, the Hasson's technique was used among 52%, Veress needle was used among 24%, Palmer's point was used among 18%, Visiport was used among 6% of the participants. Conclusion: In some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a viable and safe treatment option for symptomatic gallstone disease. patients with previous upper abdominal surgery history. However, appropriate preoperative preparations, patients’ assessment, careful intraoperative techniques, and well-experienced surgeon are mandatory for good outcomes.
Magnetotransport properties of iron microwires fabricated by focused electron beam induced autocatalytic growth

We have prepared iron microwires in a combination of focused electron beam induced deposition and autocatalytic growth from the iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, precursor gas under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The electrical transport properties of the microwires were investigated and it was found that the temperature dependence of the longitudinal resistivity (ρxx) shows a typical metallic behaviour with a room temperature value of about 88 µΩ cm. In order to investigate the magnetotransport properties we have measured the isothermal Hall-resistivities in the range between 4.2 and 260 K. From these measurements, positive values for the ordinary and the anomalous Hall coefficients were derived. The relation between anomalous Hall resistivity (ρAN) and longitudinal resistivity is quadratic, , revealing an intrinsic origin of the anomalous Hall effect. Finally, at low temperature in the transversal geometry a negative magnetoresistance of about 0.2% was measured.
Viscosity of CuO Nanofluid Due to Nanoparticles Size and Concentration

Past studies showed that varying nanoparticles size could affect several properties of nanofluids. This could lead to significant change of hydro-thermal performance in various applications. In the present study, the effect of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle size on the viscosity of nanofluid was investigated under different working temperature and concentration. Base fluid consists of equal amount of distilled water and ethylene glycol. It was found that the addition of 0.05 vol.% CuO into base fluid caused increment of viscosity by 11.8% and 7.27%. On the other side, particle size effect was found to be insignificant on the viscosity of nanofluids at low concentration of CuO nanoparticles (0.025 vol.%). Lastly, the viscosity measured in the present study was predictable by two correlations proposed in past studies and only slight deviation was observed.
Transition in Hypersonic Boundary Layers: Role of Dilatational Waves

Transition and turbulence production in a hypersonic boundary layer is investigated in the Mach 6 wind tunnel at Peking University, using Rayleigh-scattering visualization, fast-response pressure measurements, and particle image velocimetry. Detailed analysis of the experimental observations is provided. It is found that, although the second mode is primarily an acoustic wave, it causes the formation of high-frequency vortical waves. Moreover, the second mode interacts strongly with low-frequency waves, which leads to immediate transition to turbulence.
Continuous time random walks for analyzing the transport of a passive tracer in a single fissure

The selection of the correct model for describing contaminant transport in fractured media remains a challenging problem in subsurface hydrology. In this work, the experimental data corresponding to nonsorbing tracer runs in natural fissures of Moreno et al. (1985) are analyzed. The advection dispersion equation (ADE) model yields a poor fit in the late time regions of the experimental breakthrough curves denoting the existence of “anomalous” or “non‐Fickian” transport. Continuous time random walks (CTRW) are proposed for describing this kind of transport using two of the most studied forms for the transition rate probability: the asymptotic and truncated power law models. The CTRW approach produces better fits to the experimental data than the ADE model. In all the simulations a moderately dispersive transport was found which is interpreted as being as a result of the effects of the small‐ and intermediate‐scale heterogeneities.
Compact Star Clusters in M81. I. Data from Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Imaging

In this paper, we present the discovery of 114 compact star clusters in the nearby spiral galaxy M81 from B-, V-, and I-band Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 imaging in eight fields, covering a total area of ∼40 arcmin2. The fields sample a variety of environments (both spiral and interarm regions), as well as a range of projected galactocentric distances from 2 to 12 kpc. The sample is complete to V ∼ 22, deeper by ∼1 mag than any previous cluster survey in M81. We present details of the separation of clusters from both stellar sources and background galaxies, which has been based solely on structural parameters and morphology and not using any color cuts, as is necessary for ground-based surveys. We present magnitudes and colors of detected clusters. Surface brightness profiles are compared with single-mass King models, giving a range of core radii for the clusters in our sample between 0.2 and 7 pc.
UNVEILING THE MILKY WAY: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THE OPTICAL COLOR AND LUMINOSITY OF OUR GALAXY

We demonstrate a new statistical method of determining the global photometric properties of the Milky Way (MW) to an unprecedented degree of accuracy, allowing our Galaxy to be compared directly to objects measured in extragalactic surveys. Capitalizing on the high-quality imaging and spectroscopy data set from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we exploit the inherent dependence of galaxies’ luminosities and colors on their total stellar mass, M ⋆ ? > , and star formation rate (SFR), M ˙ ⋆ ? > , by selecting a sample of Milky Way analog galaxies designed to reproduce the best Galactic M ⋆ ? > and M ˙ ⋆ ? > measurements, including all measurement uncertainties. Making the Copernican assumption that the MW is not extraordinary among galaxies of similar stellar mass and SFR, we then analyze the photometric properties of this matched sample, constraining the characteristics of our Galaxy without suffering interference from interstellar dust. We explore a variety of potential systematic errors that could affect this method, and find that they are subdominant to random uncertainties. We present both SDSS ugriz absolute magnitudes and colors in both rest-frame z = 0 and z = 0.1 passbands for the MW, which are in agreement with previous estimates but can have up to ∼3× lower errors. We find the MW to have absolute magnitude 0 M r − 5 log h = − 21.00 − 0.37 + 0.38 ? > and integrated color 0 ( g − r ) = 0.682 − 0.056 + 0.066 ? > , indicating that it may belong to the green-valley region in color–magnitude space and ranking it among the brightest and reddest of spiral galaxies. We also present new estimates of global stellar mass-to-light ratios for our Galaxy. This work will help relate our in-depth understanding of the Galaxy to studies of more distant objects.
SPECTROSCOPIC ABUNDANCES AND MEMBERSHIP IN THE WOLF 630 MOVING GROUP

The concept of kinematic assemblages evolving from dispersed stellar clusters has remained contentious since Eggen's initial formulation of moving groups in the 1960s. With high-quality parallaxes from the Hipparcos space astrometry mission, distance measurements for thousands of nearby, seemingly isolated stars are currently available. With these distances, a high-resolution spectroscopic abundance analysis can be brought to bear on the alleged members of these moving groups. If a structure is a relic of an open cluster, the members can be expected to be monolithic in age and abundance in as much as homogeneity is observed in young open clusters. In this work, we have examined 34 putative members of the proposed Wolf 630 moving group using high-resolution stellar spectroscopy. The stars of the sample have been chemically tagged to determine abundance homogeneity and confirm the existence of a homogeneous subsample of 19 stars. Fitting the homogeneous subsample with Yale–Yonsei isochrones yields a single evolutionary sequence of ∼2.7 ± 0.5 Gyr. It is concluded that this 19 star subsample of the Wolf 630 moving group sample of 34 stars could represent a dispersed cluster with an 〈[Fe/H]〉 = −0.01 ± 0.02 and an age of 2.7 ± 0.5 Gyr. In addition, chemical abundances of Na and Al in giants are examined for indications of enhancements as observed in field giants of old open clusters; overexcitation/ionization effects are explored in the cooler dwarfs of the sample; and oxygen is derived from the infrared triplet and the forbidden line at λ6300.