Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dengue infection modulates locomotion and host seeking in Aedes aegypti

Pathogens may manipulate their human and mosquito hosts to enhance disease transmission. Dengue, caused by four viral serotypes, is the fastest-growing transmissible disease globally resulting in 50–100 million infections annually. Transmission of the disease relies on the interaction between humans and the vector Aedes aegypti and is largely dependent on the odor-mediated host seeking of female mosquitoes. In this study, we use activity monitors to demonstrate that dengue virus-1 affects the locomotion and odor-mediated behavior of Ae. aegypti, reflecting the progression of infection within the mosquito. Mosquitoes 4–6 days post-infection increase locomotion, but do not alter their odor-driven host-seeking response. In contrast, females 14–16 days post-infection are less active, yet more sensitive to human odors as assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological assays. Such an increase in physiological and behavioral sensitivity is reflected by the antennal-specific increase in abundance of neural signaling transcripts in 14 days post-infection females, as determined by transcriptome analysis. This suggests that the sensitivity of the mosquito peripheral olfactory system is altered by the dengue virus by enhancing the overall neural responsiveness of the antenna, rather than the selective regulation of chemosensory-related genes. Our study reveals that dengue virus-1 enhances vector-related behaviors in the early stages post-infection that aid in avoiding predation and increasing spatial exploration. On the other hand, at the later stages of infection, the virus enhances the host-seeking capacity of the vector, thereby increasing the risk of virus transmission. A potential mechanism is discussed.
Seasonal and inter-annual lipid dynamics of spiny cheek grouper (Epinephelus diacanthus) in the southern coast of India

The muscle lipid, fatty acids and total cholesterol profiles of the spiny cheek grouper, Epinephelus diacanthus, collected from south-west (Arabian Sea) and south-east coasts (Bay of Bengal) of India were evaluated over four years (2008–2011) with regard to three seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon). Fatty acids were correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface temperature. Lipid content, total polyunsaturated, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids of the samples from the south-west coast showed positive correlation with chlorophyll-a concentration during the monsoon (r2 = 0.93, 0.97, 0.97 and 0.99, respectively). Higher hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio (>1.0) and low atherogenic (<1.2), thrombogenicity (≤0.6) indices make the groupers collected from the coast of the Arabian Sea a valued candidate species for human nutrition. High levels of n-3 fatty acids (>19% during post-monsoon), important in the human diet for their platelet anti-aggregating and blood pressure-reducing properties, for groupers collected from the south-west coast, with higher n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio (>5.1) proved this species from the coast of the Arabian Sea to be a desirable item in the human diet.
The actin modulator hMENA regulates GAS6‐AXL axis and pro‐tumor cancer/stromal cell cooperation

The dynamic interplay between cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, which can lead to cancer progression and therapy resistance. We have previously demonstrated that hMENA, a member of the actin regulatory protein of Ena/VASP family, and its tissue‐specific isoforms influence a number of intracellular signaling pathways related to cancer progression. Here, we report a novel function of hMENA/hMENAΔv6 isoforms in tumor‐promoting CAFs and in the modulation of pro‐tumoral cancer cell/CAF crosstalk via GAS6/AXL axis regulation. LC‐MS/MS proteomic analysis reveals that CAFs that overexpress hMENAΔv6 secrete the AXL ligand GAS6, favoring the invasiveness of AXL‐expressing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Reciprocally, hMENA/hMENAΔv6 regulates AXL expression in tumor cells, thus sustaining GAS6‐AXL axis, reported as crucial in EMT, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Clinically, we found that a high hMENA/GAS6/AXL gene expression signature is associated with a poor prognosis in PDAC and NSCLC. We propose that hMENA contributes to cancer progression through paracrine tumor–stroma crosstalk, with far‐reaching prognostic and therapeutic implications for NSCLC and PDAC.
A METHOD FOR REARING DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPK. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM EGGS TO PUPAE ON HOST TISSUE WITH OR WITHOUT A FUNGAL COMPLEMENT

The symbiosis between bark beetles and microorganisms, mostly fungi, has been investigated and reviewed by Graham (1967) and Whitney (1982). Bark beetles and their habitat fungi have been studied separately but a suitable method for studying them in combined culture is lacking. To study bark beetles in the laboratory, a method for axenic rearing was developed by Bedard (1966), then improved by Whitney and Spanier (1982). Beetle development was retarded or nil without the addition of Brewer's yeast to the diet (H.S. Whitney, Pacific Forest Research Station (PFRC), Victoria, BC, pers. comm.). The inclusion of yeast in the diet precludes studies of symbiosis, such as the role of fungi in beetle nutrition. I describe a method for rearing bark beetles with or without a fungal complement to investigate this symbiosis
Apoptosis and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Iranian COVID‐19 patients: Clinical and laboratory characteristics

A novel member of human coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has been recently recognized in China and rapidly spread worldwide. Studies showed the decreasing of peripheral blood lymphocytes in a majority of patients. In this study, we have reported the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, the frequency of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and their apoptosis pattern in Iranian coronavirus infectious disease (COVID‐19) patients. Demographic and clinical data of 61 hospitalized confirmed cases with COVID‐19 at Imam Khomeini Hospital were collected and analyzed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from all samples and the apoptosis pattern was evaluated using Annexin V/propidium iodide method. The frequency of lymphocyte subsets, including T‐CD4+, T‐CD8+, NK, B cells, and monocytes, was measured in all patients and 31 controls by flow cytometry. Our findings demonstrated that the percentage of lymphocytes, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were decreased in COVID‐19 patients compared with the control group. Regarding the clinical severity, the number of lymphocytes, CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells were also decreased in severe cases when compared with mild cases. Finally, our data have also indicated the increase in apoptosis of mononuclear cells from COVID‐19 patients which was more remarkable in severe clinical cases. The frequency of immune cells is a useful indicator for prediction of severity and prognosis of COVID‐19 patients. These results could help to explain the immunopathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 and introducing novel biomarkers, therapeutic strategies, and vaccine candidates.
The effect of various asthma medications on surface roughness of pediatric dental restorative materials: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study

The aim of the study is to examine and compare the effects of various inhaled asthma medications (IAMs) on the surface roughness of dental restorative materials (DRMs). In total, 192 samples were prepared including 32 samples for the each material group from six different DRMs [Nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z550), Nanofilled flowable composite (Filtek Ultimate), Compomer (Dyract XP), Conventional glass ionomer (Fuji IX Fast), Resin‐modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), Self‐adhering flowable composite (Fusio Liquid Dentin)]. Each group, were divided into four subgroups (n = 8) according to four different IAMs. Surface roughness values (Ra) were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). After the initial roughness of DRMs was analyzed by using AFM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), each samples were exposed to the same IAMs for 21 days and all analysis were repeated on the 7th and 21st day. Ras increased in all DRMs and higher Ras were recorded through the long‐term IAMs administrations. For all IAMs, Fuji II LC had the highest Ra and Filtek Z550 had the lowest Ra. The combined IAM created the highest roughness change on the 7th and 21st day compared to other IAMs. As a result, in in vitro conditions IAMs significantly increased the surface roughness of DRMs.
Evaluation of patient-centered outcomes associated with the acceleration of canine retraction by using minimally invasive surgical procedures: A randomized clinical controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Only a few studies in the literature have reported patient-centered outcomes associated with minimally invasive corticotomy, and thus, related scientific evidence is limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate patient-centered outcomes associated with upper canine retraction assisted with piezocision or laser-assisted flapless corticotomy (LAFC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients (19 females, 13 males) at a mean age of 18.25 ±3.05 years were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: the LAFC group (LG; n = 16) and the piezocision group (PG; n = 16). In each group, the surgical procedure was randomly assigned to one side of the maxillary arch, and the other side served as the control. Standardized questionnaires using the numerical rating scale (NRS) were distributed to all patients during the 1st month after the surgical procedure at 4 time points: 24 h (T1); 3 days (T2); 7 days (T3); and 14 days (T4). The patients' responses were obtained, regarding their feelings of pain, discomfort, swelling, eating difficulty, jaw movement restriction, analgesic consumption, and satisfaction. RESULTS The levels of pain, discomfort, swelling, and difficulty in chewing were significantly greater at the experimental sides as compared to the control sides only at T1 in both groups (p < 0.05). The levels of pain and discomfort in LG were significantly lower than those in PG only at T1 (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009, respectively) whereas there were no significant differences between the groups regarding swelling, eating difficulty, jaw movement restriction, and analgesic consumption. The patients in both groups reported high levels of satisfaction, with no significant differences. The levels of pain, discomfort, swelling, eating difficulty, and jaw movement restriction were dramatically decreased 1 day after flapless corticotomy treatment in both groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both LAFC and piezocision were associated with high levels of pain, discomfort, swelling, and difficulty in chewing at T1. Laser-assisted flapless corticotomy caused less pain and discomfort than piezocision.
Longitudinal Assessment of Childhood Dietary Patterns: Associations with Body Mass Index z-Score among Children in the Samoan Ola Tuputupua'e (Growing Up) Cohort.

Background: Intervention strategies to prevent childhood obesity in the Pacific Islands encourage eating a variety of local and traditional foods, but context-specific data to support this approach are limited. The objective was to assess the association between 2-year adherence to modern and neotraditional dietary patterns and body mass index z-scores (BMIz) among Samoan children. Methods: A convenience sample of 214 Samoan biological mother-child dyads who participated in the Ola Tuputupua'e "Growing Up" cohort study in 2015 and 2017 was included. At each time point, modern and neotraditional dietary patterns were identified using food frequency data and factor analysis. Children were assigned to categories based on diet pattern adherence: consistently high, high to low, low to high, and consistently low. Associations between 2-year adherence to dietary patterns, BMIz (in 2017 and 2015-2017), and weight and height z-scores were examined using linear models adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Consistently high adherence to the modern pattern was associated with a 0.36 standard deviation (SD)-adjusted change in BMIz between 2015 and 2017 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-0.69, p = 0.03). While the estimates for the individual components of BMI were imprecise, on average, children with consistently high adherence to the modern pattern had a 0.13 SD greater change in weight z-score (95% CI: -0.10 to 0.37) and 0.15 SD lower change in height z-score (95% CI: -0.43 to 0.13). The change in BMIz between 2015 and 2017 did not significantly differ by adherence to the neotraditional pattern. Conclusion: A neotraditional dietary pattern, comprising local produce, should be encouraged as a possible childhood obesity prevention strategy in Samoa.
The Beneficial Effects of Morusin, an Isoprene Flavonoid Isolated from the Root Bark of Morus

The root bark of Morus has long been appreciated as an antiphlogistic, diuretic and expectorant drug in Chinese herbal medicine, albeit with barely known targets and mechanisms of action. In the 1970s, the development of analytic chemistry allowed for the discovery of morusin as one of 7 different isoprene flavonoid derivatives in the root bark of Morus. However, the remarkable antioxidant capacity of morusin with the unexpected potential for health benefits over the other flavonoid derivatives has recently sparked scientific interest in the biochemical identification of target proteins and signaling pathways and further clinical relevance. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the functional roles of morusin in multiple biological processes such as inflammation, apoptosis, metabolism and autophagy. We also highlight recent in vivo and in vitro evidence on the clinical potential of morusin treatment for multiple human pathologies including inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer and the underlying mechanisms.
Cross-sectional study on the role of public awareness in preventing the spread of COVID-19 outbreak in India

Background WHO has recommended personal hygiene (respiratory hygiene, using face masks, washing hands with warm water and soap, use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers, avoid touching mouth, eyes & nose, cleanliness), social distancing and careful handling of purchased products as an effective preventive measure for COVID-19 disease. The growing pandemic of COVID-19 disease requires social distancing and personal hygiene measures to protect public health. But this message is not clear and well understood among people. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness, knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 and relate the behaviour of Indian society, especially when the country is restarting all its economic activities, after the complete lockdown. Method The present paper is based on an extensive survey among 21 406 adult participants of various sections of Indian society with different age groups between 18 and 80 years to introspect the level of public awareness with respect to cause, spread, prevention and treatment of disease caused by spread of COVID-19 viral outbreak, which will be automatically reflected in the societal behavioural response of rigorous precautionary measures. Conclusions There is a need to extend the knowledge base among individuals to enhance their active participation in the prevention mechanisms with respect to the spread of the pandemic. There is a need to elaborate the Indian socio-cultural aspects, so that society starts appreciating and voluntarily following social distancing. This should improve the adaptability of people with livelihood resilience to let them protect themselves not only from the present pandemic but also from all other unforeseen infections, and to provide care to patients.
A Simplified clinical algorithm for standardized surgical treatment of chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair: A quality assessment study

Backgrounds: The optimal surgical strategy for the treatment of chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair is controversial and based on relatively weak evidence. The purpose of this study was to analyze pain-related functional impairment using a simplified clinical treatment algorithm for a standardized surgical treatment. The algorithm was predefined, and the indication to operate was based on strict criteria. Methods: This was a prospective, non-controlled, explorative study. The pain operation was either open triple neurectomy with total mesh removal or laparoscopic retroperitoneal triple neurectomy. A clinically relevant postoperative change was defined as ⩾25% change from the baseline level. Primary outcome was pain-related impairment of physical function using the Activity Assessment Scale. Secondary outcomes included Individual Patient-Reported Outcome Measures, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and PainDETECT Questionnaire. Results: A total of 240 patients were referred (2016–2019). Sixty-six patients were included for the analysis. A total of 25% of referred patients were offered a pain operation. Follow-up was a median 3 months (range: 3–13). Activity Assessment Scale scores were clinically relevant improved in 43 patients (68%), not clinically relevant different in 19 (30%), and clinically relevant worsened in one (2%). Secondary outcome scores were all significantly improved (P < 0.05) except for the risk of postoperative depression (P = 0.092). Fifty-one patients (77%) reported that chronic groin pain was reduced after the operation. Conclusions: Pain-related functional impairment was improved with clinical relevance in roughly 70% of patients through a simplified clinical algorithm for surgical treatment of severe chronic pain after an inguinal hernia repair.
Effects of 2.4 kg of Proximal External Loading on 5-km Running Performance

Abstract Sharp, DW, Swain, JC, Boy, TG, Killen, LG, Green, JM, and O’Neal, EK. Effects of 2.4 kg of proximal external loading on 5-km running performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1833–1838, 2022—Racing weight is a popular topic in the running community. This study examined effects of modest loading via a ∼2.4-kg soft and malleable weighted compression garment on overground running performance. Former and current collegiate cross-country runners (5 women and 6 men) completed 2 outdoor, solo road course runs 7 days apart on a familiar training route. During the first run (CON) subjects ran as closely as possible to their goal pace for a “hard speed day” workout based on predetermined paces according to current training level. During a subsequent run, subjects attempted to match their pace with aid from global positioning system watches and splits verbally announced on the course while wearing the weighted compression garment (LOAD). Metabolic data was later assessed during 5-minute running bouts on a treadmill with CON and LOAD conditions at subject's CON run pace. LOAD was slower (p < 0.01) at the 1.6-km mark (6:03 ± 0:37 vs. 6:13 ± 0:40) and finish (18:29 ± 2:06 vs. 19:15 ± 2:16). There was no differentiation (p > 0.05) between V̇o2 (CON 3.47 ± 0.86; LOAD 3.56 ± 0.77 L·min−1) or respiratory exchange ratio (CON 1.05 ± 0.06; LOAD 1.06 ± 0.04) during the 5-minute running economy bouts. There was an inverse (r = −0.42) but nonsignificant (p = 0.22) relationship between percent difference in body mass and percent difference in performance. Metabolic variable differentiation was not detectable at race pace, but 2.4 kg of proximal loading resulted in an approximately 4% acute performance impairment.
Substantial risk of recurrence even after 5 recurrence-free years in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Background/Aims Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notorious for its high recurrence rate, some patients do not experience recurrence for more than 5 years after resection or radiofrequency ablation for early-stage HCC. For those with five recurrence-free period, the risk of HCC recurrence within the next 5 years remains unknown. Methods A total of 1,451 consecutive patients (median, 55 years old; males, 79.0%; hepatitis B virus-related, 79.3%) with good liver function (Child-Pugh class A) diagnosed with early-stage HCC by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging and received radiofrequency ablation or resection as an initial treatment between 2005 and 2010 were analyzed. Results During a median follow-up period of 8.1 years, 961 patients (66.2%) experienced HCC recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates increased to 39.7%, 60.3%, and 71.0% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively, and did not reach a plateau. Five years after HCC diagnosis, 487 patients were alive without experiencing a recurrence. Among them, during a median of 3.9 additional years of follow-up (range, 0.1–9.0 years), 127 patients (26.1%) experienced recurrence. The next 5-year cumulative recurrence rate (5–10 years from initial diagnosis) was 27.0%. Male sex, higher fibrosis-4 scores, and alpha-fetoprotein levels at 5 years were associated with later HCC recurrence among patients who did not experience recurrence for more than 5 years. Conclusions The HCC recurrence rate following 5 recurrence-free years after HCC treatment was high, indicating that HCC patients warrant continued HCC surveillance, even after 5 recurrence-free years.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling growth using humic substances

espanolLas sustancias humicas pueden favorecer el desarrollo vegetativo, promoviendo el crecimiento de la parte aerea y raices, pero su uso en la produccion de plantulas es poco estudiado. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicacion de diferentes dosis de las sustancias humicas en el desarrollo de las plantulas de cebolla 'Alfa Sao Francisco Ciclo VIII'. El diseno experimental fue completamente al azar, con cinco repeticiones y seis tratamientos, siendo ellos: testigo, con aplicacion de agua y cinco dosis de las sustancias humicas que contenga 10% de acido fulvico (5, 10, 15, 20 y 25 mL L-1). La aplicacion se realizo a 28 dias despues de la siembra (DDS) por medio de la inmersion de las bandejas con las plantulas en la solucion segun cada tratamiento. A los 48fueron evaluados: altura de la parte aerea, la longitud de las raices, diametro de pseudocaule, masa fresca y seca de la parte aerea, masa fresca y seca de la raiz, area y volumen de la hoja y area y volumen de la raiz. El uso de las sustancias humicas influencian las caracteristicas evaluadas. La mayoria de los efectos en el crecimiento de plantulas de cebollasfue promovido por las concentraciones entre 17 y 20 mL L-1 de las sustancias humicas en la solucion de inmersion de plantulas de cebolla. EnglishHumic substances can increment plant development, promoting the growth of shoots and roots, but their use in the production of seedlings is little studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of humic substances in promoting the growth of onion seedlings of the Alfa Sao Francisco Ciclo VIII variety. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications and six treatments: control with application of water and 5 doses (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mL L-1) of humic substances containing 10% fulvic acid. The application was performed 28 days after sowing (DAS), by immersion of trays with the seedlings in the solution according to each treatment. The following characteristics were evaluated at 48 DAS (seedling transplanting time): shoot height, root length, pseudostem diameter, shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, root fresh mass, root dry mass, foliar area, foliar volume, root volume and root area. The use of humic substances influenced the evaluated characteristics. The greatedy growth promotion of onion seedlings occurred between the concentrations of 17 and 20 mL L-1 of humic substances in the immersion solution.