Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yields of, and N uptakes by, some grass species and varieties under different glasshouse conditions

SUMMARY The amount of dry matter produced and N taken up by seven grass species and varieties grown in a glasshouse were compared with perennial ryegrass (S. 23) and Italian ryegrass (S. 22) at different day-lengths and light intensities. The ryegrasses Westerwolds, Italian (S. 22) and Perennial (S. 321) yielded more than S. 23. At the smallest light intensities, Westerwolds, Italian (S. 22) and Perennial (S. 24) (S. 321) ryegrasses and Meadow fescue (S. 215) took up more N than S. 23. Westerwolds and Perennial (S. 24) (S. 321) ryegrasses should be useful alternatives to the S. 23 or S. 22 strains as test crops in nutrient experiments in the glasshouse, especially when grown in the dim light during winter.
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF YOLK SAC INFECTION IN BROILER CHICKS IN SULAIMANI DISTRICT

A total of 140 diseased or dead broiler chicks obtained from three different sources in Sulaimani city were necropsied; yolk sac samples from these chicks were cultured and the isolated bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to 8 systemic antimicrobial agents. Unabsorbed yolk sac was observed in 112 chicks associated with signs of septicemia in many cases. These unabsorbed yolk sac exhibit signs of moderate to mild inflammation indicating that the cause of death in YSI is the consequences of the infection rather than it's direct effects. One hundred and ninety one bacterial isolates were isolated and further identified using biochemical tests. Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria followed by Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Other bacteria were also identified but in a lower proportion. Antibacterial susceptibility testing showed that Enrofloxacin Florfenicol or Co-trimoxazole may be useful for the treatment of YSI .
[Sulphur Metabolism] COMPETITION AND INHIBITION OF SULFATE REDUCERS AND METHANE PRODUCERS IN ANAEROBIC TREATMENT

Competition for substrate between sulfate reducing and methane producing bacteria, and the inhibitory effects of sulfide produced from microbial sulfate reduction were investigated in this study for the selection of a proper anaerobic treatment process using laboratory anaerobic contact units. Substrates used were both synthetic waste with various COD/SO 4 2− ratios, and industrial wastes. Sulfate reducers and methane producers were very competitive at COD/SO 4 2− ratio of 1.7 to 2.7. As the ratio increased/methane producers predominated, and sulfate reducers were predominating as the ratio decreased. Inhibitory concentrations were 2000 mg/l sulfate (160 to 200 mg/l sulfide) for sulfate reducers and 1200 mg/l sulfate (120 to 140 mg/l sulfide) for methane producers with synthetic substrate. But sulfide inhibitory concentrations were varied with hydraulic or organic loading rates and substrate used. As loading rates increased/the inhibitory effect was greater. A sulfide concentration of 240mg/l did not inhibit methane producers for sea-food waste treatment.
Physical controls on the spatial evolution of a dinoflagellate bloom in a large lake

A set of satellite images of chlorophyll a concentration for Lake Kinneret (Israel) from the period February to April 2007 captured the temporal evolution of horizontal patchiness that developed during the typical spring bloom of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense. Narrow bands of high concentration located adjacent to the shoreline at the start of the bloom were followed by progressive propagation of this high‐concentration region from the shoreline toward the center of the lake as the bloom proceeded. A three‐dimensional (3‐D) hydrodynamic numerical model and an analytical model for a flat‐bottomed elliptical basin together explain the observed phenomenon. The spatial structure of Kelvin waves, which were demonstrated to most likely be present in February and April due to resonance, produced regions of high velocity gradient, contributing to horizontal dispersion close to the shoreline. This region of high dispersion was narrow and close to the shoreline at the start of the bloom when the Burger number was relatively small, but it widened over the course of the season as the Burger number increased due to increasing stratification. In addition, an increase in the dispersion rate with time in the lake interior was inferred from numerical simulation due to increasing wind speeds and a thinner surface layer. Physical processes, in this case, horizontal dispersion as a result of both Kelvin waves and wind, can play an important role in governing the dynamics and spatial evolution of dinoflagellate blooms in lakes.
Effect of Additives on Plant Regeneration in Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig an Endangered Aromatic and Medicinal Herb

Fortification of culture media with different plant growth regulators i.e. auxins and cytokinins is not enough to regenerate the plant with high efficiency. Among all the additives used PG and AC acted positively for multiple shoot regeneration from in vitro regenerated shoots. Maximum shoot length (10.86±0.16) was obtained on lower concentration of PG (1.0 mgL -1 ) and maximum shoot number (6.56±0.14) on the same concentration with high frequency of shoot initiation within 3 weeks of inoculation. Maximum root length (19.80±0.14) was obtained on NAA (1.0 mg L -1 ) after 4 week of sub culturing and maximum root number (14.61±0.11) resulted, after 6 weeks on 1.0 mg L -1 NAA. The best rooting occurred on liquid half strength MS basal medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg L -1 ). The plantlets developed were hardened and established in natural soil with 80 % survival.
Prevalence of dental and mandibular disorders in culled sheep in Spain.

At the slaughterhouse, 1465 culled sheep heads were studied in order to identify disorders of the mandibular cheek teeth. Of these, 227 (15.5%) had evidence of osteomyelitis. The lesional profile showed that the mandible was affected in a similar proportion on both sides (46.7% on the right side vs 50.7% on the left side), mainly in the middle region (55.3%) and with most of the lesions closed without fistulisation (89.4%). In addition, swelling was palpable, with an increase in thickness in the area of the affected body (2.65 ± 0.065 cm vs 1.74 ± 0.030 cm). In 78.6% of the animals, the regional lymph nodes were enlarged. Concerning the mandibular cheek teeth, more than half of the animals lacked at least one tooth (57.0%), with the first premolar being the most frequently missing tooth (34.8%) and the third molar the least (8.2%). The impaction of food around the teeth was very common with the posterior molars being more frequently affected. In the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study that analyses the prevalence of mandibular molar and premolar disorders in sheep, and these are revealed as an important condition affecting culled sheep.
Infield greenhouse gas emissions from sugarcane soils in Brazil: effects from synthetic and organic fertilizer application and crop trash accumulation

Bioethanol from sugarcane is becoming an increasingly important alternative energy source worldwide as it is considered to be both economically and environmentally sustainable. Besides being produced from a tropical perennial grass with high photosynthetic efficiency, sugarcane ethanol is commonly associated with low N fertilizer use because sugarcane from Brazil, the world's largest sugarcane producer, has a low N demand. In recent years, several models have predicted that the use of sugarcane ethanol in replacement to fossil fuel could lead to high greenhouse gas (GHG) emission savings. However, empirical data that can be used to validate model predictions and estimates from indirect methodologies are scarce, especially with regard to emissions associated with different fertilization methods and agricultural management practices commonly used in sugarcane agriculture in Brazil. In this study, we provide in situ data on emissions of three GHG (CO2, N2O, and CH4) from sugarcane soils in Brazil and assess how they vary with fertilization methods and management practices. We measured emissions during the two main phases of the sugarcane crop cycle (plant and ratoon cane), which include different fertilization methods and field conditions. Our results show that N2O and CO2 emissions in plant cane varied significantly depending on the fertilization method and that waste products from ethanol production used as organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizer, as it is the common practice in Brazil, increase emission rates significantly. Cumulatively, the highest emissions were observed for ratoon cane treated with vinasse (liquid waste from ethanol production) especially as the amount of crop trash on the soil surface increased. Emissions of CO2 and N2O were 6.9 kg ha−1 yr−1 and 7.5 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, totaling about 3000 kg in CO2 equivalent ha−1 yr−1.
‘Doing it in the right order’: childless men’s intentions regarding family formation

Abstract In high-income countries, parental age at first birth has increased and this postponement increases the risk of involuntary childlessness or having fewer children than desired. This interview study was conducted in Denmark and Sweden among childless men (n = 29) in their last year of an education. The aim was to explore the role of individual and societal factors on fertility decision-making and men’s reflections on barriers and enablers for earlier family formation. Data were analysed with thematic content analysis. Almost all participants wanted children in the future. Overall, there was a desire to follow the ‘right chronology’: get educated, having a stable relationship, employment and a good financial status before having children. While most men felt mature enough to have children, they were still not ready. Influences from within the inner social circle, societal expectations, the need for security and stability and being ready to give up freedom and individuality were factors that affected participants’ preferred timing of parenthood. Most men did not have suggestions for how earlier family formation could be supported. Results suggest a gap between the ideal biological and ideal social age of family formation that may lead to unfulfilled parenthood aspirations.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms treated with hydroxyurea, pegylated interferon alpha-2A or ruxolitinib: clinicohematologic responses, quality-of-life changes and safety in the real-world setting

ABSTRACT Introduction: Real-world data of responses, quality-of-life (QOL) changes and adverse events in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) on conventional therapy (hydroxyurea ± anagrelide), pegylated interferon alpha-2A (PEG-IFNα-2A) or ruxolitinib are limited. Methods: We prospectively studied MPN patients receiving conventional therapy, PEG-IFNα-2A or ruxolitinib. Next-generation sequencing of 69 myeloid-related genes was performed. Clinicohematologic responses, adverse events, and QOL (determined by the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score, MPN-SAF TSS) were evaluated. Results: Seventy men and fifty-five women with polycythemia vera (PV) (N = 23), essential thrombocythemia (ET) (N = 56) and myelofibrosis (MF) (N = 46) were studied for a median of 36 (range: 19–42) months. In PV, responses were comparable for different modalities. CREBBP mutations were associated with inferior responses. In ET, PEG-IFNα-2A resulted in superior clinicohematologic complete responses (CHCR) (P = 0.045). In MF, superior overall response rates (ORR) were associated with ruxolintib (P = 0.018) and JAK2V617F mutation (P = 0.04). For the whole cohort, ruxolitinib led to rapid and sustained reduction in spleen size within the first 6 months, and significant improvement of QOL as reflected by reduction in MPN-SAF TSS (P < 0.001). Adverse events of grades 1–2 were observed in 44%, 62% and 20% of patients receiving conventional therapy, PEG-IFNα-2A and ruxolitinib respectively; and of grade 3–4 in 7% and 9% of patients receiving PEG-IFNα-2A and ruxolitinib. Conclusions: Conventional therapy, PEG-IFNα-2A and ruxolitinib induced responses in all MPN subtypes. PEG-IFNα-2A led to superior CHCR in ET; whereas ruxolitinib resulted in superior ORR in MF, and significant reduction in spleen size and improvement in QOL.
ANATOMICAL AND EPIDERMAL ALTERATIONS IN THE LEAVES OF VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP. CV. CO-6 DUE TO UV-B EXPOSURE

The small increase in stratospheric ozone in more than two decades was attributed to worldwide compliance with international treaties regarding the phase-out of ozone-depleting chemicals and to the upper stratospheric cooling because of increased carbon dioxide. The expected increases in ozone will be gradual, primarily because of the long residence times of CFCs and other halocarbons in the atmosphere. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. CO-6 was subjected to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress to study the changes in morphology, epidermis and anatomy of leaves. For the experiment, third trifoliate leaf from the top on 30 DAS (days after seed germination) Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. CO-6 after UV-B irradiation (2 hours daily @ 12.2 kJ m -2 d -1 ; ambient = 10 kJ m -2 d -1 ) were used. Several modifications along with few abnormalities were recorded in UV-B exposed foliage. UV-B altered the leaf size and appearances which were small, shiny and thick compared to broader, longer and thinner leaves of unstressed plants. Frequency of stomata in UV-B was increased by 29.41 and 24.93 % over control on adaxial and abaxial surfaces respectively. Same impact was recorded in stomatal indices of stressed plants which increased by 22.70 to 32.50 % on both sides. Abnormal stomata with single guard cell occurred with dead and collapsed epidermal cells on the adaxial side of UV-B irradiated leaves. Control foliage did not show any aberrant stomata. Shorter (26.19 % to 33.59 %) and brittle trichomes were recorded in UV-B treated leaves in contrast to healthier and longer trichomes in control. Frequency of trichome was increased by two times on both surfaces in UV-B exposed plants. Same trend continued in cuticle and epidermis as they were also twice thicker after UV-B irradiation. Mesophyll volume and thickness increased by 52.79 % and 38.23 % respectively resulting in thicker leaves (77.41 %) under UV-B stress.
Human Sialome and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Understated Correlation?

The recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is currently straining the global health system. Little is still known about this novel Coronavirus (CoV), despite the efforts of the scientific community worldwide. So far, analogies with the previous infamous outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, caused by other CoV strains, have offered some insight, but we are still sailing in uncharted waters. Although all CoV infections are initiated by the transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein, a homotrimeric class I viral fusion protein, the binding site on the host cell surface differs among CoV strains (Figure 1A). MERS-CoV weakly binds to non-acetylated sialoside attachment receptors on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, promoting clustering and facilitating its binding to its receptor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) (1). The novel SARS-CoV-2, despite having evolved independently, shares with the previous SARS-CoV the cell receptor for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) (2). However, a novel study by the Italian Institute of Technology (3) suggests that there is an in-silico evidence that, in addition to ACE2, certain sialic acids on the cell surface may act as additional receptors for binding sites of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, thus playing a role in the pathogenicity and epidemiology of the associated disease, as it has already been demonstrated for MERS-CoV. Sialic acids could therefore be used by SARS-CoV-2 as attachment receptors on the epithelium of the respiratory tract, promoting SARS-CoV-2 clustering, as already known for MERS-CoV (1). As a result, virus-ACE2 binding could be facilitated. Furthermore, a recent research by Vandelli and colleagues explored the structural properties of SARS-CoV-2 strains through computational approaches, and found that the ACE2 binding site is conserved among strains, whereas the potential SARS-CoV-2-sialic acid binding domain is highly variable, as reported in MERS-CoV. This variability could result in different binding affinities of SARS-CoV-2 strains for cellular sialic acids, possibly explaining the broad range of host-immune responses in the human population (4).
Maternal Cardiac Assessment at 35 to 37 Weeks Improves Prediction of Development of Preeclampsia

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Preeclampsia at term accounts for half of maternal deaths from hypertensive disorders. We aimed to assess differences in maternal cardiac indices at 35+0 to 36+6 weeks’ gestation between women who subsequently developed preeclampsia at term compared with those with uncomplicated pregnancy and to evaluate whether cardiac indices offer incremental prognostic value to the available screening algorithm for preeclampsia. We recruited 1602 women with singleton pregnancies who attended for a routine hospital visit at 35+0 to 36+6 weeks’ gestation between April and November 2018. We recorded maternal characteristics and preeclampsia-risk-score derived from a competing risks model and measured cardiac indices. Preeclampsia developed in 3.12% (50/1602) of participants. Women with preeclampsia, compared with those without, had increased mean arterial pressure (97.6, SD, 5.53 versus 87.9, SD, 6.82 mm Hg), systemic vascular resistance (1500, interquartile range, 1393–1831 versus 1400, interquartile range, 1202–1630 PRU) and preeclampsia-risk-score (23.4, interquartile range, 9.13–40 versus 0.9, interquartile range, 0.32–3.25). Multivariable analysis demonstrated independent association between the incidence of preeclampsia and E/e′ (hazard ratio, 1.19/unit [95% CI, 1.03–1.37]; P=0.018) as well as left ventricular mass indexed for body surface area (hazard ratio, 1.03/[g·m2] [95% CI, 1.003–1.051]; P=0.029). Women with E/e′ ≥7.3 and left ventricular mass indexed for body surface area ≥63.2 g/m2 had an increased risk for developing preeclampsia, despite low preeclampsia-risk-score <5% (hazard ratio, 20.1 [95% CI, 10.5–38.7], P<0.001). Increased left ventricular mass and E/e′ offer incremental information to available scoring systems and better stratify women at risk of developing preeclampsia at term.
Increasing Production of Vitis vinifera × V. rotundifolia Hybrids Through Embryo Rescue

Three seeded V. vinifera (‘Royalty’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and B46-76) clones were pollinated with pollen from four clones of V. rotundifolia (‘Tarheel’, ‘Noble’, ‘Carlos’, or ‘Bountiful’). Resulting embryos were cultured in ovulo either 6 weeks after pollination or at veraison. For comparison, fruit from controlled pollinations were also allowed to mature on the vine, and resulting seed was removed and stratified in moist 1 sand : 1 sphagnum (v/v). Of the 52 hybrids produced from 5010 emasculations, 39 (75%) came from cultured ovules, and 34 (65%) came from ovules cultured at veraison. Although preliminary, data from ‘Royalty’ × ‘Noble’ and ‘Tarheel’, and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ × ‘Noble’ and ‘Tarheel’ indicates embryo-rescue techniques may be useful in increasing numbers of V. vinifera × V. rotundifolia hybrids.
ARTIFICIAL PARTHENOGENESIS IN STARFISH EGGS: PRODUCTION OF PARTHENOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SUPPRESSION OF POLAR BODY FORMATION BY METHYLXANTHINES

TateyamaMarine Laboratory,OchanomizuUniversity,Koh-Yatsu,Tateyama,Chiba294-03,Japan ABsTR@&cr Methyixanthines such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine at 6 to 10 mM activated eggs of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. Up to one hour of methylxanthine treatment induced parthenogeneticdevelopment in more than 80%of the eggs that failed to form the second polar body. Eggs that formed two polar bodies did not cleave. Compared with normally fertilized eggsthe first cleavagein parthenogenetically developing eggs was delayed by 2 h in eggs lacking a polar body, and by 3 h in eggs with one (first)polar body. The intervalsbetween successive cleavageswere identical to those of normally fertilized eggs. Examination of the chromosome number revealed that most parthenogenetic embryos develop as tetraploids. The possible significance of centriolar material in initiating parthenogeneticdevelopment is suggested.
Sleep fragmentation increases blood pressure and is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in rats

The gut microbiota, via the production of metabolites entering the circulation, plays a role in blood pressure regulation. Blood pressure is also affected by the characteristics of sleep. To date, no studies have examined relationships among the gut microbiota/metabolites, blood pressure, and sleep. We hypothesized that fragmented sleep is associated with elevated mean arterial pressure, an altered and dysbiotic gut microbial community, and changes in fecal metabolites. In our model system, rats were randomized to 8 h of sleep fragmentation during the rest phase (light phase) or were undisturbed (controls) for 28 consecutive days. Rats underwent sleep and blood pressure recordings, and fecal samples were analyzed during: baseline (days −4 to −1), early sleep fragmentation (days 0–3), midsleep fragmentation (days 6–13), late sleep fragmentation (days 20–27), and recovery/rest (days 28–34). Less sleep per hour during the sleep fragmentation period was associated with increased mean arterial pressure. Analyses of gut microbial communities and metabolites revealed that putative short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria were differentially abundant between control and intervention animals during mid-/late sleep fragmentation and recovery. Midsleep fragmentation was also characterized by lower alpha diversity, lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, and higher Proteobacteria in intervention rats. Elevated putative succinate-producing bacteria and acetate-producing bacteria were associated with lower and higher mean arterial pressure, respectively, and untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrates that certain fecal metabolites are significantly correlated with blood pressure. These data reveal associations between sleep fragmentation, mean arterial pressure, and the gut microbiome/fecal metabolome and provide insight to links between disrupted sleep and cardiovascular pathology.
Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides.

Alkyl chlorides are bench-stable chemical feedstocks that remain among the most underutilized electrophile classes in transition metal catalysis. Overcoming intrinsic limitations of C(sp3)-Cl bond activation, we report the development of a novel organosilane reagent that can participate in chlorine atom abstraction under mild photocatalytic conditions. In particular, we describe the application of this mechanism to a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic protocol that enables the first cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides and aryl chlorides. Employing these low toxicity, abundant, and commercially available organochloride building blocks, this methodology allows access to a broad array of highly functionalized C(sp2)-C(sp3) coupled adducts, including numerous drug analogs.