Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Affecting Education Inequality in West Sumatera

This research’s purposes are to analyze: 1) The influence of government spending expenditure in the education sector on educational inequality. 2) The effect of gender gap on educational inequality. 3) The effect of poverty levels on educational inequality. 4) The effect of life expectancy on educational inequality.This type of research is quantitative research using associative methods. The research objects are regencies / cities in West Sumatra Province, namely 12 districts and 7 cities. The data analysis technique was testing the hypothesis testing panel data regression analysis with the t test. From the findings, it can bee seen that: 1) the government spending expenditure in the education sector has a negatve effect significantly in educational inequality. 2) Gender gap has a significant positive effect on educational inequality. 3) The poverty level has a significant positive effect on educational inequality. 4) Life expectancy has a significant positive effect on educational inequality.
Misinformation Is a Threat Because (Other) People are Gullible

Alarmist narratives about the flow of misinformation and its negative consequences have gained traction in recent years. If these fears are to some extent warranted, the scientific literature suggests that many of them are exaggerated. Why are overly alarmist narratives about misinformation so popular? In two pre-registered experiments (N = 600, UK), replicated in the US (N = 601), we investigated the psychological factors associated with perceived danger of misinformation and how it contributes to the popularity of alarmist narratives on misinformation. We find that the strongest, and most reliable, predictor of perceived danger of misinformation is the third-person effect (i.e., the perception that others are more vulnerable to misinformation than the self) and, in particular, the belief that ‘distant’ others (as opposed to family and friends) are vulnerable to misinformation. The belief that societal problems have simple solutions and clear causes was consistently, but weakly, associated with perceived danger of online misinformation. Other factors, like negative attitudes towards new technologies and higher sensitivity to threats, were inconsistently, and weakly, associated with perceived danger of online misinformation. Finally, we found that participants who report being more worried about misinformation are more willing to like and share alarmist narratives on misinformation. Our findings suggest that alarmist narratives on misinformation tap into our tendency to view other people as gullible.
A corpus-based analysis of grammatical relations in Enggano

Recent research on the grammatical properties of proper names has shown that proper names are often coded differently compared to common nouns (cf. e.g., Handschuh 2017, Dammel & Handschuh (eds.) 2019, Helmbrecht et al. (eds.) 2017, Helmbrecht 2020, Stolz et al. 2014, Stolz et al. 2017, and others). In particular in dependent marking languages, it has been observed that grammatical relations may be coded differently if proper names are involved. This concerns e.g., specific case markers, case allomorphy, as well as different case categories and even different alignment types. For instance, in Dyirbal (Pama-Nyungan, Australia) proper names in O function receive an accusative case marker, while common nouns have zero (absolutive) which results in a tripartite alignment versus an accusative pattern with pronouns and ergative pattern with common nouns. In addition, the dative case and the comitative case are morphologically more complex with person names than with common nouns (cf. Dixon 2022:69-82). Differential coding like the one in Dyirbal is not rare and demand some explanation. In the proposed paper, we would like to answer the question, if the text frequency of proper names (across different syntactic roles and compared against NPs with common nouns) could be the basis for an explanation of the asymmetrical coding of proper names of the type illustrated with Dyirbal. The hypothesis we take as starting point is the idea that the low frequency of proper names (compared to common nouns) in discourse is the reason that proper names are generally more marked than common nouns. Behind this hypothesis is the concept of typological markedness (cf. Croft 1990, 2001) and the role of token-frequency in explaining asymmetrical marking (cf. e.g., Haspelmath 2019, 2021). We compiled a corpus of spoken German (with variation according to region and conversation type) and annotated all
Prevalence , Severity and Associated Factors of Dental Caries in 3-6 Year Old Children Key words : Dental caries , Pre-school children , Socio-economic status

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey which was done on 527 children who were in the age group of 3 to 6 years, who were from 6 private and 6 corporation schools in Chennai, India. Two instruments were developed, pre–tested and validated for the study. One questionnaire which contained the various risk factors which had to be measured and the dental caries indices were used on children to collect the relevant data. A separate questionnaire was distributed to the parents to measure the socio economic status and to know the parents’ educational levels. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 63.4% in the study samples. The association between dental caries and the associated factors was determined by calculating the Odd`s ratio. Logistic regression was performed to test the magnitude of the association between dental caries and the factors which were associated with it, and linear regression was done for the continuous variables. There was a statistically significant high association between the oral hygiene practice, the eating habits of the children, the economic status and the parents’ literacy levels and the caries prevalence in this study.
Elemental Micronutrients, Antioxidant Activity, Total Polyphenol, and Total Flavonoid Content of Selected Spider Plant Accessions ( Cleome gynandra ) Grown in Eastern Africa and the Eastern United States

African spider plant, Cleome gynandra, is an economically important source of highly nutritious leafy greens and traditional phytopharmaceuticals in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, five genetic accessions of African spider plant were field grown in New Jersey, USA (2015) and Arusha, Tanzania (2016 and 2017). When the spider plant was at full flower and ready for the market, the leaves were manually sampled for nutritional and phytochemical investigation. Elemental analysis was conducted via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to characterize the mineral nutrients of spider plant samples. Spectrophotometric determination of total polyphenol content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and total flavonoid content provided additional characterization of the phytochemistry. Results showed that spider plant has high antioxidant activity and results from elemental analysis indicate the spider plant is a “source” of iron and a “high source” vegetable for calcium, manganese, and magnesium.
Multi‐decadal variability of soil moisture–temperature coupling over the contiguous United States modulated by Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperatures

Regions of strong land–atmosphere coupling are often depicted as static in time. However, the mechanisms through which the land surface impacts atmospheric conditions vary on sub‐daily to multi‐decadal timescales. Therefore, characterizing the long‐term variability of land–atmosphere interactions may provide a means of predicting when surface‐induced extreme temperature events will be more or less likely to occur. We evaluate the coupling strength between soil moisture, as represented by in situ observations and 1‐month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and subsequent monthly maximum temperature (TMAX) over the contiguous United States. We find that the utility of SPI as a proxy for soil moisture anomalies is limited to the summer, as the correlations between SPI and TMAX are not significantly related in the other seasons. We examine the variability in summer SPI–TMAX coupling in four regions of the United States. In general, we find the strongest relationships between SPI and TMAX in the Southern Great Plains. However, our results demonstrate that the coupling strength varies considerably over time in most regions of the United States. The long‐term variability in SPI–TMAX coupling strength is strongly related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the northwest and midwest United States, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in the southeast United States The results of this study suggest that land–atmosphere coupling in the contiguous United States is modulated by multi‐decadal oscillations in Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperatures.
Yield Performance, Laying Behaviour Traits and Egg Quality of a Crossbred Laying Hen in Alternative Housing Systems

One aim of this study was to investigate a crossbred laying hen line (400 hens) in two alternative housing systems in two replicates between 20-72 weeks of age. One rearing system was deep litter (D) with artificial light. Hens from Group R were housed in a poultry house with windows on deep litter and access to a runway without artificial light. Birds were fed ad libitum with a concentrate layer feed (18.0 % protein, 11.6 MJ). The egg production was influenced by the housing system. Lower average egg weight was observed in Group R. The feed consumption was also lower here, but the FCR was better compared to D. Floor egg did not cause any problem in the examined systems. The shell strength decreased with age in both systems. However, the rate was higher in Group D. The albumen height and HU value were higher in Group R at the end of the experiment (72 nd week of age). Some differences were found in the fatty acid profile between the two housing systems. Another goal of the study was to observe the behaviour patterns of animals kept under different conditions. Behavioural traits were monitored for 100 hens in total on the two farms that applied different housing technologies (50-50 birds with or without outdoor access). Birds with outdoor access showed 0.23±0.81 aggression-related traits per hour, whereas chickens without outdoor access produced 0.15±0.76 of the same traits (p>0.05). Hens with outdoor access showed 2.30±4.65 activity-related traits, whereas, for hens without outdoor access, 0.72±1.83 observations were recorded per hour (p<0.05). Comfort behaviour was similar (p>0.05) in the two groups. In conclusion, the housing system has a complex effect on the assessed crossbred laying hen line
Identification of beneficial and detrimental bacteria that impact sorghum responses to drought using multi-scale and multi-system microbiome comparisons

Background Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural productivity. Previous field-level experiments have demonstrated that drought decreases microbiome diversity in the root and rhizosphere and may lead to enrichment of specific groups of microbes, such as Actinobacteria. How these changes ultimately affect plant health is not well understood. In parallel, model systems have been used to tease apart the specific interactions between plants and single, or small groups of microbes. However, translating this work into crop species and achieving increased crop yields within noisy field settings remains a challenge. Thus, the next scientific leap forward in microbiome research must cross the great lab-to-field divide. Toward this end, we combined reductionist, transitional and ecological approaches, applied to the staple cereal crop sorghum to identify key beneficial and detrimental, root associated microbes that robustly affect drought stressed plant phenotypes. Results Fifty-three bacterial strains, originally characterized for association with Arabidopsis, were applied to sorghum seeds and their effect on root growth was monitored for seven days. Two Arthrobacter strains, members of the Actinobacteria phylum, caused root growth inhibition (RGI) in Arabidopsis and sorghum. In the context of synthetic communities, strains of Variovorax were able to protect both Arabidopsis and sorghum from the RGI caused by Arthrobacter. As a transitional system, we tested the synthetic communities through a 24-day high-throughput sorghum phenotyping assay and found that during drought stress, plants colonized by Arthrobacter were significantly smaller and had reduced leaf water content as compared to control plants. However, plants colonized by both Arthrobacter and Variovorax performed as well or better than control plants. In parallel, we performed a field trial wherein sorghum was evaluated across well-watered and drought conditions. Drought responsive microbes were identified, including an enrichment in Actinobacteria, consistent with previous findings. By incorporating data on soil properties into the microbiome analysis, we accounted for experimental noise with a newly developed method and were then able to observe that the abundance of Arthrobacter strains negatively correlated with plant growth. Having validated this approach, we cross-referenced datasets from the high-throughput phenotyping and field experiments and report a list of high confidence bacterial taxa that positively associated with plant growth under drought stress. Conclusions A three-tiered experimental system connected reductionist and ecological approaches and identified beneficial and deleterious bacterial strains for sorghum under drought stress.
Investigation into Regional Climate Variability using Tree-Ring Reconstruction, Climate Diagnostics and Prediction

This study presents findings on the link between inter-annual variabilities of atmospheric circulations over the North Atlantic and precipitation over the African Sahel (PS). Our analysis shows that a meridionally stratified circulation wave train, with resemblance to the East Atlantic (EA) mode, is apparently connected to PS. This EA-PS connection likely takes place through Rossby wave dispersion in the middle troposphere originating from the mid-latitude North Atlantic. However, the Climate Forecast System version 2 fails to depict this EA mode and its PS impact. Because the EA mode explains about 29% of variance of PS, the result is suggestive of a comparable portion of PS variability that is missing in the seasonal forecast.
Bootstrap Methods and Their Application

sive models further, It gives additional illustrations of the performance of selection criteria in small samples (e.g., with respect to several varying characteristics that include sample size and parameter structure), in large samples (e.g., with respect to the degree of overfitting allowed), and on real data. This book looks at many selection criteria for a wide range of models, from traditional models to more recently developed classes of models. Currently, however, there appear to be few conclusive rules that give the best performing selection criteria for a given setting for this subject. As a result, the greatest value of this book appears to be in its derivation/description of the various selection criteria and the presentation of approaches for evaluating selection-criterion performance. The book also contains several instances in which key terms are not defined explicitly and no proofs or arguments are given for key claims. One message that summarizes several results given in this book is that certain selection criteria developed for traditional regression and time series models (e.g., Al&), when naively applied to certain nonnormal settings, appear to perform at least as well as selection criteria specifically designed for those settings.
& Clinical Pharmacology

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease, with a wide range of clinical symptoms. This study aims to investigate PD-1 and NFATc1 gene expression in SLE patients. Methodology: In this study, 50 diagnosed SLE patients (25 females as early diagnosed SLE without treatment, 25 females as SLE patients under treatment with (prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine) and 25 healthy individuals as control whose ages arranges from 20 to 45 years were included. The gene expression level of PD-1 and NFATc1 were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: A PD-1 gene expression level (folds) results showed a significant increase in the treated group (59.74 ± 33.26 folds) compared to early diagnosed group (23.18 ± 10.17 folds) and control group (3.46 ± 1.93 folds), and early diagnosed group showed a non-significant increase compared to control group. The NFATc1 gene expression level (folds) results showed a significant increase in the treated group (0.17 ± 0.16 folds) compared to early diagnosed group (0.003 ± 0.002 folds) and control group (0.001 ± 0.0007 folds), and early diagnosed group showed a non-significant increase compared to control group. Conclusions: Based on these results, PD-1 and NFATc1 is important in the SLE pathogenesis. These results may hold promise for developing a new SLE immunotherapy by focusing on PD-1 and NFATc1.
D ENTAL C ARIES AND S ELF - R EPORTED T YPE 2 D IABETES

Patients with poorly controlled blood sugar levels and type 2 diabetes have been suggested to be at greater risk of tooth decay; however, the number of studies on this topic is scarce. This study aims to evaluate the association between self-reported diabetes, blood sugar levels, and dental caries in Swedish 40-year-old Swedes. Here we utilized the Gene Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Diseases (GLIDE) database, which provides access to self-reported diabetes, blood sugar levels, and the Decay, Missing, Filled Surfaces (DMFS) status in approximately 90,000 individuals. For this study, we identified 1,617 self-reported diabetes patients, and for each case, two sex-and age-matched controls were randomly selected (n = 3,234). Logistic and linear regression were employed, with appropriate adjustment for age, sex, and years between the dental caries examination and the reported diabetic diagnosis.
Environmental effects on gene flow in a species complex of vagile, hilltopping butterflies

Butterflies have played a pivotal role in our understanding of animal movement, but little is known about landscape-scale movement in highly vagile species with large ranges and open population structure. We investigate the effect of environment and landscape on both inter- and intraspecific genetic differentiation and population structure in the Papilio machaon group of swallowtail butterflies in Alberta, Canada. These butterflies exhibit strong hilltopping behaviour, where individuals congregate on topographical prominences to mate, and thus we expect topography to influence population connectivity. We use redundancy analysis to explore the relationship between two genetic datasets (mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites) and topographic, climatic and habitat-related environmental variables at multiple spatial scales. Shared variation across these environmental variables explained a large portion of both mitochondrial (≤ 75%) and microsatellite genetic variation (≤ 40%). Individual variables, such as elevation, terrain profile, solar radiation and precipitation, had moderate explanatory power; however, the water component of land cover had the greatest explanatory power of the individual variables and acted as a surrogate variable for the larval habitat of P. machaon. Despite high levels of retained ancestral polymorphism in the mitochondrial dataset, we found similar relationships between environmental characteristics and genetic variation. Finally, the spatial scale of our analyses greatly influenced our results, and without exploring the effect of scale we would have missed or discounted the effects of several environmental characteristics. This point emphasizes the importance of exploratory analysis in systems where there is little prior knowledge of movement dynamics and the influence of the environment.
Treatment compliance among previously diagnosed type 2 diabetics in a rural area in Southern India

Background: Treatment adherence will help to achieve good glycemic control among diabetics and will lead to lesser complications associated with the disease. This study was carried out to determine the compliance to treatment among previously diagnosed diabetic patient and their level of glycemic control, in a rural area. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among all previously diagnosed diabetics above 30 years, on treatment for more than 6 months. Nonadherence was defined as “missing more than 2 doses” in the last 15 days. Glycemic control was assessed by performing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: Among 155 people interviewed, 140 (90.3%) were found to be compliant to the treatment. Treatment compliance was significantly associated with duration of Diabetes and age. However gender, literacy status, occupation, and socioeconomic status were not significantly associated with compliance. The most common reasons for noncompliance was the asymptomatic nature of the disease (60%) and the high cost of treatment (33.3%). Forty-two percent of participants were found to have poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%). Conclusion: Treatment compliance was found to be good among diabetic patients. The treatment compliance increases with increase in the duration of the disease. Many have poor glycemic control, which is a matter of concern. They need more regular follow-up to adjust the treatment label for better glycemic control.
Bet against the trend and cash in profits

This paper intends to contribute to the theoretical literature on the determinants of exchange rate fluctuations. We build an agent-based model, based on behavioral assumptions inspired by the literature on behavioral finance and by empirical surveys about the behavior of foreign exchange professionals. In our artificial economy with two countries, traders can speculate on both exchange and interest rates, and allocate their wealth across heterogeneous assets. Fundamentalists use both fundamental and technical analysis, while chartists only employ the latter, and are either trend followers or trend contrarians. In our model, trend contrarians and cash in mechanisms provide the sufficient stability conditions, and allow explaining and replicating most stylized facts of foreign exchange markets, namely (i) the excess volatility of the exchange rate with respect to its fundamentals, (ii) booms, busts and precarious equilibria, (iii) clusters of volatility, (iv) long memory and (v) fat tails. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
1 Coding of dynamic 3D meshes

This chapter presents the state-of-the-art in the coding (or compression) of dynamic 3D mesh models. Section 1.1 introduces the motivations behind using 3D meshes for volumetric video. In Section 1.2, some fundamental mesh concepts are explained, which are required in order to understand the state-of-the-art that follows. Section 1.3 briefly revisits the topic of static mesh compression, while sections 1.4 and 1.5 provide an extensive review of the state-of-the-art in dynamic mesh compression. Finally, Section 1.6 concludes this chapter and offers some opinions on potential future directions of dynamic mesh compression.