Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mercury Dynamics In Sub-Arctic Lake Sediments Across A Methane Ebullition Gradient

Recent studies have suggested that Arctic warming may play a key role in enhancing carbon (C) and mercury (Hg) export from permafrost peatlands, yet the mechanisms by which Hg is mobilized during thaw remain enigmatic. To elucidate the links between these chemical systems, we investigated Hg concentrations in cores taken in organic C rich sediments in Lake Villasjön (avg. depth 1.5m) at the Stordalen Mire, Abisko, Sweden. We chose coring sites based on zones with significantly different ebullitive methane (CH4) fluxes established in earlier studies and we hypothesized that the microbial community producing CH4 is also potentially mobilizing Hg. Four recovered sediment cores (39-44cm long) were characterized by having roughly 30cm of organic-rich silt material on top of a transition to more clastic material in the bottom ~10cm. Cores were sub-sampled every 2cm, and the sediment samples were then freeze-dried. Sub-samples were analyzed for extractable Hg by cold vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2 cores) and for total Hg by thermal decomposition and cold vapor atomic fluorescence (2 cores). Mercury was most abundant in the upper portions of all sediment cores, after which concentrations decreased with depth. The highest ebullition site had Hg concentrations exceeding 80 ngHg/gsediment at the core top that decreased to a low Hg concentration < 15 ngHg/gsediment at the core base. The lowest ebullition site had overall lower concentrations compared to the higher ebullition sites with more intermediate values (< 50 ngHg/gsediment) starting at 2cm depth, dropping to < 15 ngHg/gsediment at ~ 26 cm. We found differences
Orogenic Root Delamination Induced by Eclogitization of Thickened Lower Crust in the Chinese Western Tianshan: Constraints From Adakites

Crustal delamination induced by eclogitization of orogenic roots, in addition to plate subduction, is an important process that transfers crustal materials back into the mantle. Many previous studies have demonstrated a causal link between crustal delamination and eclogitization, but actual magmatic records of the process are rarely documented. Here we present detailed studies on two distinct late Paleozoic adakite suites in the Awulale Mountains (Chinese Western Tianshan), that is, the suites with high (HN) and low (LN) Nb/Ta ratios, to constrain the regional crustal delamination. Both igneous suites have adakitic affinity and formed by partial melting of the juvenile thickened lower crust with different residual mineral assemblages in their source regions. The late Carboniferous HN adakite has superchondritic Nb/Ta (21.4–23.3) and high Dy/Yb (2.66–2.88) ratios and may have formed via rutile‐bearing, eclogite‐controlled melting of the lower crust, implying crustal thickening and eclogitization. In contrast, the Permian LN adakites have varying and lower ranges of Nb/Ta (12.9–20.0) and Dy/Yb ratios (1.35–2.53), which were probably derived from mixing of garnet‐bearing amphibolite with minor rutile‐bearing, eclogite‐controlled melts, implying crustal thinning and the end of eclogitization. The succession of these two adakite suites suggests that during the late Carboniferous to early Permian, eclogitization of the orogenic root, accompanying successive crustal delaminations, occurred in this region. Accordingly, our results imply that adakites with different geochemical features are potential tracers for the mineralogy of orogenic roots and, importantly, provide convincing evidence for eclogitization‐induced crustal delamination in orogenic belts.
Long-term adaptation planning for sustainable coasts

DOI:10.12854/erde-2019-462 Silja Klepp, Athanasios T. Vafeidis 2019: Long-term adaptation planning for sustainable coasts. – DIE ERDE 150 (3): 113-117 The coastal areas of our planet are under increasing pressure. In addition to growing population in the already densely populated coastal areas (Neumann et al. 2015), natural resources and habitats for fauna and flora are becoming ever more scarce (Bendixen et al. 2019). Adaptation to climate-induced rising sea levels constitutes an additional challenge that raises the question of how our coasts can adapt in ways that do not compromise their future sustainability. Commitment to sea-level rise (Nicholls et al. 2007) makes imperative the need for long-term adaptation planning, which will in turn greatly influence the future sustainability of coastal regions.
Mean Structure and Seasonality of the Norwegian Atlantic Front Current Along the Mohn Ridge From Repeated Glider Transects

The poleward flow of Atlantic Water in the Nordic Seas forms the upper limb of the meridional overturning circulation driving an important heat transport. The Norwegian Atlantic Front Current along the Mohn Ridge between the Greenland and Norwegian Seas is characterized for the first time, using repeated sections over 14 months from autonomous underwater gliders and two research cruises. The Norwegian Atlantic Front Current follows the 2,550‐m isobath with a width of 38 ± 2 km and absolute geostrophic velocities peaking at 0.56 ± 0.03 m s−1. The mean transport of Atlantic Water is 3.2 ± 0.2 Sv (equivalent to temperature transport of 71 ± 5 TW). Seasonal variability was observed with a magnitude of 0.8 Sv and maximum values in the fall. The deep currents at 1,000 m explained most of this seasonal variation and were anticorrelated with time‐integrated wind stress curl over the Lofoten Basin. Part of this flow might recirculate within the Lofoten Basin, while the rest continues toward the Arctic.
Impact Degassing of H2 on Early Mars and its Effect on the Climate System

Impacts on early Mars can produce H2 and CH4 in the thermal plume. In a thick CO2 atmosphere, collision‐induced absorptions between CO2‐H2 and CO2‐CH4 can boost the greenhouse effect. We construct a simple model of the impact history of Mars and show that for a variety of impactor types and CO2 surface pressures >0.5 bars, postimpact surface temperatures due to H2 alone can exceed the melting point of water for much longer periods of time than from the dissipation of the heat derived from the impactor's kinetic energy. This longer timescale is set by hydrogen escape rather than radiation to space. Cumulatively, the Noachian surface may have been above the melting point of water for millions of years by this mechanism. These greatly extended postimpact warm environments may have played a larger role in the erosion and mineralogy of the surface than previously thought and may partly explain some of the observed fluvial features.
A Decade of Water Storage Changes Across the Contiguous United States From GPS and Satellite Gravity

Increased climate variability is driving changes in water storage across the contiguous United States (CONUS). Observational estimates of these storage changes are important for validation of hydrological models and predicting future water availability. We estimate CONUS terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) from 2007–2017 using Global Positioning System (GPS) displacements, constrained by lower‐resolution TWSA observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravity—a combination that provides higher spatiotemporal resolution than previous estimates. The relative contribution of seasonal, interannual, and subseasonal TWSA varies widely across CONUS watersheds, with implications for regional water security. Separately, we find positive correlation between TWSA and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation in the southeastern Texas‐Gulf and South Atlantic‐Gulf watersheds and an unexpected negative correlation in the southwest. In the western United States, atmospheric rivers (ARs) drive a large fraction of subseasonal TWSA, with the top 5% of ARs contributing 73% of total AR‐related TWSA increases.
Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea

Phytoplankton cell size is a useful ecological indicator for evaluating the response of phytoplankton community structure to environmental changes. Ocean‐color remote observations and algorithms have allowed us to estimate phytoplankton size classes (PSCs) at decadal scale, helping us to understand their trends under ocean warming. Here a large data set of pigments, derived through high performance liquid chromatography, was collected in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) between 2014 and 2016. The data set was used to reparametrize the sea surface temperature (SST)‐dependent three‐ component model of Brewin et al. (2017) to the region. The model was validated using independent in situ data set and subsequently applied to satellite chlorophyll‐a data from Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative, spanning from 1997 to 2016, to derive percentages of three PSCs to total chlorophyll‐a. Monthly‐ averaged PSCs exhibited spatial‐temporal variations in the study area, linked to topography, temperature, solar radiation, currents, andmonsoonal winds. In the surface central south Yellow Sea (SYS), influenced by bottom Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, tight relationships between PSCs and environmental factors were observed, where high SST, high sea level anomaly, low mixed‐layer depth, and low wind speed resulted in higher proportions of nanoplankton and picoplankton from June to October. Significant interannual anomlies in PSCs were found associated with El Niño events in the central SYS, related to anomalies in SST. The refined model characterized 20‐year variations in chlorophyll‐a concentration and PSCs in complicated optical, hydrodynamic, and biogeochemical environments in the BS and YS. Plain Language Summary Phytoplankton are the fundamental component of the marine ecosystem, and the size structure of phytoplankton influences many processes in phytoplankton biology, marine ecology, and marine biogeochemistry. Phytoplankton can be divided into three phytoplankton size classes (PSCs): microplankton (>20 μm), nanoplankton (2–20 μm), and picoplankton (<2 μm). The Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) are shallow marginal seas in the northwest Pacific Ocean, strongly impacted by large river plumes, ocean processes, and seasonal monsoons, supporting high primary and fishery productivity. Using a 20‐year time series satellite ocean color data from 1997 to 2016, and a SST‐ dependent model that links chlorophyll‐a concentration to the size structure of phytoplankton, we observe spatial and temporal variations of PSCs in the BS and YS and tight correlations between the size structure and physical variables in the central south Yellow Sea. Interannual variations in the PSCs are coupled with changes of sea surface temperature in El Niño events. Our results demonstrate that variations in the phytoplankton size structure are coupled with changes in climate variability, with implications for how the regional ecosystem may change with predicted changes in climate.
Centrifuge tests on the liquefaction behavior of iron ore concentrates with different moisture contents and applied accelerations.

Iron ore concentrates (IOCs) are considered as dangerous cargo during shipping since liquefaction may easily occur under dynamic loads and cause marine casualty. To provide further insight into the true liquefaction behaviors in a simulated gravitational field, a series of dynamic centrifuge model tests were conducted for IOCs with different initial moisture contents (MCs) and applied accelerations. The effect of the initial MC on the liquefaction potential was more significant in the centrifugal models than in our previous small scaled models, while the impact of applied acceleration was weaker. The critical MC threshold of the simulated IOC samples was 9 % for liquefaction to occur at all applied acceleration levels, and the larger the applied acceleration the quicker the liquefaction occurred at a given initial MC. Liquefaction occurred through a combination of ore motion and moisture migration, which was illustrated by a systematic analysis of the ore displacements, the increases in the water levels, the distributions of the MC, and the developments of the pore water pressures. All the IOC samples exhibited similar vertical displacement behaviors, but large horizontal displacements were only observed in the liquefied samples. Meanwhile, the moisture tended to migrate downwards in the nonliquefied samples and upwards in the liquefied ones. Additionally, we suggest using IOCs with the simulated particle size and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium aqueous solution in centrifuge tests. ARTICLE INFO
Fish Assemblage in the Euphrates River at Al-Samawa City, Southern Iraq

The study was conducted in the Euphrates river in Al-Samawa city at two stations during the period from October 2016 till September 2017. The first station (north station) was Al-Majd township (45°12'49.2"E, 31°22'14.9"N), and the second station (south station) was Al-Zaier region (45°20'21.4"E, 31°18'54.4"N). Some ecological factors were monthly recorded at the stations of the current study, including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, the speed of water flow, BOD5 and total hardness. All factors except total hardness have not significant differences between two stations, The hardness in the north station showed higher (844-1475) mg.l-1 than south station (655-1250) mg.l-1. Fishes were collected by gill nets, cast net, hook and line, hand net and electro-fishing. A total of 4260 fish specimens were collected which belong to 24 species and 10 families, 17 species of them were native species whereas seven of them were alien species. The most abundant species was blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus constituted 26.84% of the total caught of a north station, The value of the dominance index (D3) in north station was 62.57%, while the most abundant species in south station was Prussian carp Carassius auratus constituted 27.14% of the total caught, The value of the dominance index (D3) in the south station was 56.42%.
Woody plant use and management in relation to property rights: a social-ecological case study from southwestern Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Many people in less developed countries depend on woody plants, but sustainable management of woody plants often remains a challenge. We assessed people’s use, perceived property rights and management of woody plants in farmland and forests in a landscape of southwestern Ethiopia. We interviewed 180 households and surveyed woody plants in 192 plots. We found that 95 species were used for eleven major purposes. The majority of plants (52) were used for house construction followed by farming tools (42), fuelwood (38) and honey production (37). These benefits were sourced from farmland, forest with coffee management and forest without coffee management. Our study found that local people perceived land tenure security and tree use rights to be limited, especially for forests. We found abundant regeneration of the most widely used tree species in all land use types. However, some of these species, including important pole and timber species, appeared to be overharvested in forests. To improve biodiversity outcomes and sustainable use, it would be beneficial to recognize local people’s diverse needs for woody plants and grant them appropriate property rights. Conservation policies should encompass the entire landscape and empower local farmers to proactively manage tree populations while providing safeguards against overuse.
Sustainable Water Use for International Agricultural Trade: The Case of Pakistan

Sustainable use of resources is critical, not only for people but for the whole planet. This is especially so for freshwater, which in many ways determines the food security and long-term development of nations. Here, we use virtual water trade to analyze the sustainability of water used by Pakistan in the international trade of 15 major agricultural commodities between 1990 and 2016 and in 2030. Most of the existing country-level studies on virtual water trade focused on net virtual water importers, which are usually water-scarce countries as well. This is the first study to concentrate on a water-stressed net virtual water-exporting country. Our results show that Pakistan has been trading large and ever-increasing volumes of virtual water through agricultural commodities. Despite the overall small net export of total virtual water per year, Pakistan has been a net-exporter of large quantities of blue (fresh) virtual water through its trade, even by fetching a lower value for each unit of blue water exported. Given Pakistan’s looming water scarcity, exporting large volumes of blue virtual water may constrain the country’s food security and long-term economic development. Improving water use efficiency for the current export commodities, for example, rice and exploring less water-intensive commodities, for example, fruits and vegetables, for export purposes can help Pakistan achieve sustainable water use in the future.
IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SUNFLOWER DAMPING-OFF AND ROOT-ROT DISEASES UNDER RECLAIMED SOIL

ield experiment was carried out at El-Nubaria Province, ElBehaira Governorate to investigate the effect of some organic and biofertilization treatments as soil amendments on suppression Macrophomina phasolina, Sclerotium rolfisii, and Rhizoctonia solani, the causal pathogens of root-rot and damping-off of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Organic amendment treatments increased the sunflower resistance to soil borne diseases hence enhanced its productivity. The most promising results obtained from rice straw+EM1+Urea, biochar+compost, rice straw+EM1 and EM-Bokashi with no significant differences, compost and animal manure, respectively compared to the control treatment (without organic amendment). EM-X (EM1+Bacillus subtilis+mycorrhiza+Azotobacter sp.) was found to be more effective in reducing M. phaseolina, S. rolfisii, and R. solani population and root-rot incidence, therefore enhance sunflower productivity compared to the other examined biofertilization treatments including the conventional chemical fertilization as the control treatment. The integration between rice straw+EM1+Urea or biochar+compost and EM-X was found to be the furthermost advised agricultural practices for soil borne diseases management as land degradation neutrality (LDN) technology that enhances land cover and area unit productivity under these conditions.
Fragment-specific fixation of complex distal radial fractures with small intraarticular fragments; volar locked plate augmented with Kirschner wires

Background:Complex intraarticular distal radial fractures associated with small articular fragments or distal radioulnar instability are difficult to treat and have a worse prognosis because of their potential for incongruity and arthrosis of the radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints. Although treatment of these fractures has improved over the past decade, there is no single implant or technique that is appropriate for treatment of all fractures. Methods:From 2007–2010, 29 patients with 31 complex distal radial fractures (AO type C) with intraarticular fragments (two fractures were bilateral) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with volar locked plate augmented with Kirschner wires. Results:After a mean follow-up of 30 mo (range: 28–36 mo), 87% of the patients were satisfied with the treatment and resumed their preoperative activities. According to Gartland and Werley clinical and radiographic scoring system, excellent results were achieved in 13 fractures (42%), good results in 14 (45%), fair results in three (10%), and a poor result in one (3%). Conclusions:We concluded that, although volar plating is a good treatment modality for treatment of complex distal radial fractures, it should be augmented with Kirschner wire fixation outside the plate in fractures with small fragments of the radial styloid, lunate or sigmoid fossa and in fractures that have associated distal radioulnar joint instability or displaced ulnar styloid fracture.
Emissions Gap Report 2018

Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.  Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.  You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain  You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from orbit.dtu. dk on: Oct 23, 2019
Summer albedo variations in the Arctic Sea ice region from 1982 to 2015

The spatiotemporal changes in the sea ice region albedo over the entire Arctic region and in eight subregions (the Central Arctic Ocean [CAO], the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas [BC], the East Siberian and Laptev Seas [ESL], Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea [BL], the Canadian Archipelago [CA], the Greenland Sea [GS], Hudson Bay [HB] and the Kara and Barents Seas [KB]) in the summer of 1982–2015 are analysed with CLARA‐A2‐SAL data. The results indicate that in the summer of 1982–2015, the Arctic Sea ice region albedo fluctuated with a downward trend of −1.6% per decade (significance level of 99%). The BC had the largest decline in the albedo trend of −2.7% per decade (significance level of 99%), and most other subregions had downward trends except the GS, which exhibited a slight upward trend. The mean Arctic Sea ice region albedo was 44%. The high albedo areas were mainly concentrated in the CAO and the vicinity of Greenland. The albedo decreased with decreasing latitude, while the low‐value areas were mainly concentrated in the outer sea ice area. In the Arctic region, both the sea ice concentration (SIC) and the sea ice extent (SIE) showed a decreasing trend, while the near‐surface air temperature (NSAT) and the summer Central Arctic Index (CAI) showed an increasing trend. The Arctic Sea ice region albedo was positively correlated with the SIC and the SIE (0.84, 0.78) and negatively correlated with the NSAT (−0.72), all with a statistical significance level of 99%. The correlation between sea ice region albedo and the summer CAI revealed different relationships in these regions. The BC and ESL had a significant negative correlation, and the GS showed a significant positive correlation. These findings indicated that the decrease in albedo is closely related to the reduction in Arctic Sea ice and the increase in air temperature. In addition, the sea ice region albedo variations in the BC, ESL and GS are also greatly influenced by atmospheric circulation.