Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydra: Lessons from the world's largest darknet market

We present a comprehensive description of Hydra, the largest darknet marketplace in the world until its shutdown in April 2022. We document the main features of Hydra such as dead‐drop delivery, feedback and reputation system, escrow, and dispute resolution. Using data scraped from the platform, we quantitatively examine the scale and the structure of the marketplace. We find that it has been highly competitive, geographically covering at least 69% of the Russian population and trading a wide variety of drugs, while also allowing the wholesale trade of drugs and precursors. The dead‐drop delivery system used on Hydra was expensive, as the courier costs comprised a substantial proportion of the sale price of drugs on Hydra. We contribute to the research on drug cryptomarkets by studying an unprecedentedly large non‐Western marketplace that existed substantially longer than any other known darknet market.The phenomenon of Hydra shows that shut‐down policies applied to darknet marketplaces have a large effect and implicitly shape the whole drug market. Without these policies, a pervasive digitalization of the drug trade can occur. The major cost of allowing marketplaces to grow is the probable increase in the consumption of illegal drugs due to convenience for consumers and facilitated cooperation between suppliers. This cost must be weighed against the potential benefits, including a higher quality of drugs, a decrease in potential violence, and the incentives for a large marketplace to self‐regulate. The case of Hydra also suggests the relevance of financial regulation to limit the growth of darknet marketplaces.
Age determination manual of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center Age and Growth Program

The Age and Growth Program at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center is tasked with providing age data in order to improve the basic understanding of the ecology and fisheries dynamics of Alaskan fish species. The primary focus of the Age and Growth Program is to estimate ages from otoliths and other calcified structures for age-structured modeling of commercially exploited stocks; however, the program has recently expanded its interests to include numerous studies on topics ranging from age estimate validation to the growth and life history of non-target species. Because so many applications rely upon age data and particularly upon assurances as to their accuracy and precision, the Age and Growth Program has developed this practical guide to document the age determination of key groundfish species from Alaskan waters. The main objective of this manual is to describe techniques specific to the age determination of commercially and ecologically important species studied by the Age and Growth Program. The manual also provides general background information on otolith morphology, dissection, and preparation, as well as descriptions of methods used to measure precision and accuracy of age estimates. This manual is intended not only as a reference for age readers at the AFSC and other laboratories, but also to give insight into the quality of age estimates to scientists who routinely use such data.
Stationary axial model of the Hall thruster plasma discharge: electron azimuthal inertia and far plume effects

One-dimensional axial models of the plasma discharge of a Hall thruster provide a valuable picture of its physical behavior with a small computational effort. Therefore, they are very suitable for quick parametric analyses or as a support tool for analyzing the impact of modeling decisions. This paper extends a well-known drift-diffusion stationary, quasineutral model by adding electron azimuthal inertia (EAI), a nonzero thickness cathode layer, and the far-plume region where electrons demagnetize and cool down. The EAI dominates on the far plume and affects positively to thrust. For a small ion backstreaming current, EAI modifies much the electron velocities and density near the anode, but has no discernible effect on the electron cross-field transport. Electron axial inertia and azimuthal gyrovisosity are estimated. The thick cathode layer connects quasineutrally the near and far plumes but the coupling between these two regions is weak. The far plume region is sensitive to the decay length of the magnetic field, the downstream boundary conditions on the electron currents, and the stray electric currents.
From process to product: writing engagement and performance of EFL learners under computer-generated feedback instruction

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is gradually penetrating the domain of education, opening up many possibilities for teaching and learning. Many educators, faced with the burden of commenting on substantial student essays, have introduced automated writing evaluation (AWE) into second language (L2) writing considering its affordance of immediate scores and diagnostic information. However, students’ processing strategies and perceptions of such computer-generated feedback and its impact on student writing quality, particularly as mediated by language proficiency, remain under-explored. This study examines the impact of Pigai, a Chinese AWE system, on revision processes and writing products of 42 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners with varying language levels by analyzing feedback points, feedback uptake, text quality in complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF), and perceptions. The findings are as follows. When confronted with AWE instruction, the majority of student work focuses on correcting errors, but higher-level students exhibit an emphasis on language improvement beyond the surface level compared to lower-level students. According to CAF measures, automated feedback exerts greater effects on accuracy for unskilled learners and lexical complexity for skilled learners in the development of interlanguage. Learner profiles and perceptions of students at different levels are explored along four dimensions: writing quality, cognitive engagement, behavioral engagement, and affective engagement. Finally, the potential issues of such technology-based writing instruction are pointed out.
Mineral Chemistry of Peridotites from Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Lithosphere: Constraints on Mantle Evolution beneath Eastern China

Majorand trace-element data on the constituent minerals of garnet peridotite xenoliths hosted in early Paleozoic (457–500Ma) kimberlites and Neogene (16–18Ma) volcanic rocks within the North China Craton are compared with those from the pre-pilot hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-PP1) in the tectonically exhumed Triassic ( 220Ma) Sulu ultrahighpressure (UHP) terrane along its southern margin. P–T estimates for the Paleozoic and Neogene peridotite xenoliths reflect different model geotherms corresponding to surface heat flows of 40mW/m (Paleozoic) and 80mW/m (Neogene). Garnet peridotite xenoliths or xenocrysts from the Paleozoic kimberlites are strongly depleted, similar to peridotites from other areas of cratonic mantle, with magnesium olivine (mean Fo92.7), Cr-rich garnet and clinopyroxene with high La/Yb. Garnet (and spinel) peridotite xenoliths hosted in Neogene basalts are derived from fertile mantle; they have high Al2O3 and TiO2 contents, low-Mg-number olivine (mean Fo89.5), low-Cr garnet and diopside with flat rare earth element (REE) patterns. The differences between the Paleozoic and Neogene xenoliths suggest that a buoyant refractory lithospheric keel present beneath the eastern North China Craton in Paleozoic times was at least partly replaced by younger, hotter and more fertile lithospheric mantle during Mesozoic– Cenozoic times. Garnet peridotites from the Sulu UHP terrane have less magnesian olivine (Fo91.5), and lower-Cr garnet than the Paleozoic xenoliths. The diopsides have low heavy REE (HREE) contents and sinusoidal to light REE (LREE)-enriched REE patterns. These features, and their high Mg/Si and low CaO and Al2O3 contents, indicate that the CCSD-PP1 peridotites represent a moderately refractory mantle protolith. Details of mineral chemistry indicate that this protolith experienced complex metasomatism by asthenosphere-derived melts or fluids in Mesoproterozoic, and subsolidus re-equilibration involving fluids/melts derived from the subducted Yangtze continental crust during UHP metamorphism in the early Mesozoic. Tectonic extension of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton and exhumation of the Sulu UHP rocks in the early Mesozoic induced upwelling of the asthenosphere. Peridotites sampled by the Neogene basalts represent newly formed lithosphere derived by cooling of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle in Jurassic–Cretaceous and Paleogene time. JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY VOLUME 47 NUMBER 11 PAGES 2233–2256 2006 doi:10.1093/petrology/egl042
The Relationship between Employability Skill and Job Mismatch towards Graduates’ Unemployment

Academic graduates are expected to contribute more significantly to industry and the national economy by bringing in skills, knowledge, innovation, and productivity. Their role is essential in driving industrial growth, sustainability, and overall development for economic growth. However, in Malaysia, the difficulty of finding employment for graduates has become a major problem, not only from the graduates’ point of view but also from the employer. While the graduates are struggling to find job openings that match their skills, the employers at the other end find it difficult to locate people who are compatible with their businesses' vision. In Malaysia, several causes contributed to an increase in the unemployment rate for recent graduates including graduates' lack of employability skills and job mismatches. Quality such as communication, soft skills, problem-solving, and creative abilities, are shown to be weak in unemployed graduates. This research attempts to examine the relationship between employability skills and job mismatches towards the graduate’s unemployment. A questionnaire has been developed to gather the data. Graduates of the Faculty of Business and Management (FBM), UiTM have been identified as the population. Descriptive and regression analyses were run using SPSS software. Findings suggested that both independent variables (employability skills and job mismatches) contributed significantly towards the graduate’s unemployment. This study is significant as it highlights the need for graduates to improve necessary skills such as leadership, communication, and interpersonal skills (Briones, G. et al., 2021) needed within the industry to land a job.
EFFECT OF SHAPE ON UNIFORM FLOW THROUGH SMOOTH RECTANGULAR OPEN CHANNELS

Available experimental data on friction in smooth rectangular channels were analyzed by a re­ searcher and arrived at the relationship Ifyj = 2 log Ryf - 0.8, where R = 4VRlv and! , =1''JIp(PIR) for channels and! , =/for smooth pipes. 'JIp(PIR) is a shape parameter. Values of PIR when bly < 2 were indicated by an asterisk, and a relationship was obtained between PIR and 'JIp(PIR). Two researchers analyzed the same data that were used by another researcher and concluded that two functions 'JI,(Plb) = VPib and 'JI 2(bly) are required to reflect the shape parameter. However, they combined and obtained 'JI K = 'JI "'JI2 = IIJ'. 'JI 2(bly) was calculated and plotted against bly. They noted that 'JI K == I/'JIp, but maintained that there is no good relationship between 'JIp and PIR. In the present study, it is shown that based on the curve, the equation connecting 'JIp(PI R) and PIR could be obtained, which fits the curve within I% error. A plot PIR versus 'JIp(PIR) is given for ready use.
Acoustic analysis of the Teatro Minimo of Atri

The acoustic studies of the Italian Opera theatres have always been subject of improvement with the development of technology. An acoustic survey has been undertaken inside the Teatro Minimo of Atri to characterize the acoustic parameters as required by the regulations (ISO 3382-1). The outcomes are described. The authors of this paper also illustrate a brief history of the Teatro Minimo, including a description of the architectural features that characterize this small Opera house.
Visitor Satisfaction and Loyalty Measurement of a Local Food Festival: Application of FESTPERF Scale

The purpose of this paper is to explore variables and dimensions of festival quality that have significant impact on visitor satisfaction and future behavioral intentions. These issues are addressed within the context of the annual food festival “14th Festival of Asparagus” held in Lovran, locally known for its seasonal gastronomic offer. To test the FESTPERF scale, a 28-item questionnaire was constructed on conceptual frameworks developed by past research (Yoon et al., 2010; Anil, 2012). In total, 400 questionnaires were distributed and 155 returned, of which 10 were incomplete and omitted from the analysis. In order to achieve the study goals, descriptive and factor analysis was performed. The results of factor and reliability analysis indicate inner consistency of the five extracted factors and the high reliability of the FESTPERF scale. The FESTPERF scale, tested in this study, is suitable for use in local food festivals in gaining easily interpretable and reliable data. The study makes an important contribution to the limited festival service quality, satisfaction and loyalty measurement literature. The study also makes a contribution to practice through the development of the FESTPERF scale for the visitor satisfaction and loyalty measurement of a local food festival which can be used by destination managers to enhance understanding of visitor festival satisfaction and loyalty in the context of a small local food festival.
“They Are Perfect Victims”—A Qualitative Study Examining Elder Care Professionals’ Perceptions of Elder Maltreatment

Abstract Many older vulnerable adults live in care facilities or are in frequent contact with healthcare professionals, which in this article means professionals specializing in elder care such as nurses, social workers, and specialized elder care ombudspersons. Healthcare professionals are in a position of authority and can strongly influence the well-being of older vulnerable adults in their care. This article examines how such healthcare professionals perceive elder maltreatment and its contributing factors. A total of 25 elder healthcare professionals working in the United States were interviewed about what types of maltreatment they have observed working in healthcare facilities and the reasons to which they attribute this maltreatment. The findings in this study highlight two major themes in what healthcare professionals perceive impact the occurrence of elder maltreatment. The first theme reflects factors related to the individual care worker such as organizational and private stressors and healthcare professionals’ mental state, attitudes, and training. The other theme reveals that characteristics of the older vulnerable adults such as reduced capabilities and combativeness can, according to the healthcare professionals, contribute to maltreatment occurring. Implications of these findings and future research avenues are also discussed.
What factors contribute to behaviour-related stigma among men who have sex with men in Western Province - Sri Lanka

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the key population groups who have a high risk of transmitting and acquiring HIV. They are being stigmatized due to their behavior. Therefore, it is of prime importance to identify those correlates of stigma among MSM to take measures to minimize them. Objective: To determine the correlates of behavior-related stigma among MSM in Western Province, Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted among MSM in the Western province, of Sri Lanka. The sample size was 564. Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling. Data collection was done using two interviewer-administered questionnaires, the “Behavior related stigma Scale”, a tool developed and validated by the investigators was used to assess the level of stigma, and a separate questionnaire to assess the correlates of stigma which was also developed by the investigators. Correlates of behavior-related stigma among MSM were determined by multivariate analysis using an adjusted Odd’s ratio. Results: Advancing age (>29 years) (p= 0.01), being educated up to grade 10 (p = 0.039), family and friends considering homosexuality as a psychiatric disease (p – 0.018), the experience of sexual abuse in childhood (p <0.001), the experience of nonverbal harassment from relatives (p <0.001), being arrested by police during lifetime (p<0.001), not carrying condoms as they were not supplied (p=0.007) were positively associated statistical significance with a high level of behavior related stigma among MSM. Being educated regarding HIV/AIDS from the health sector and media were negatively associated. Conclusions: There are modifiable factors associated with behavior-related stigma among MSM. Awareness programs should be conducted for the public to sensitize them regarding same-sex behavior, thus minimizing harassment from society.
The Combination of Antibiotic and Non-Antibiotic Compounds Improves Antibiotic Efficacy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Bacterial antibiotic resistance, especially the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, urgently requires the development of effective treatment strategies. It is always of interest to delve into the mechanisms of resistance to current antibiotics and target them to promote the efficacy of existing antibiotics. In recent years, non-antibiotic compounds have played an important auxiliary role in improving the efficacy of antibiotics and promoting the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. The combination of non-antibiotic compounds with antibiotics is considered a promising strategy against MDR bacteria. In this review, we first briefly summarize the main resistance mechanisms of current antibiotics. In addition, we propose several strategies to enhance antibiotic action based on resistance mechanisms. Then, the research progress of non-antibiotic compounds that can promote antibiotic-resistant bacteria through different mechanisms in recent years is also summarized. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of these non-antibiotic compounds in combination with antibiotics are discussed.
Optimisation of the Tripathi model using a nuclear reaction cross-section database

Nuclear reaction cross-sections are an essential ingredient to reliable deterministic and stochastic radiation transport codes used for radiation protection in space and heavy-ion therapy applications. A recent study compared the existing literature data compiled within the open-access GSI-ESA-NASA cross-section database to the models implemented in the transport codes most commonly used for radiation protection in space and heavy-ion therapy applications. The outcome of the comparison was that none of the models fit well the experimental data for all projectile-target systems at all energy ranges. Therefore, the literature data were exploited to optimise the Tripathi–Cucinotta–Wilson model as reported in this work. This model is used as default in FLUKA, TRiP, and SpaceTRiP, it is part of the hybrid-Kurotama (HK) model used in particle and heavy ion transport code (PHITS), and it is implemented in Geant4. The consequences of using the proposed Tripathi–Cucinotta–Wilson optimisation in the HK model are also analysed.
Comparing state‐of the art near‐surface models of a seismic test line from Saudi Arabia

We present a seismic Test Line, provided by Saudi Aramco for various research teams, to highlight a few major challenges in land data processing due to near‐surface anomalies. We discuss state‐of‐the‐art methods used to compensate for shallow distortions, including single‐layer, multilayer, plus/minus, refraction and tomostatics methods. They are a starting point for the new technologies presented in other papers, all dealing with the same challenging data described here.
Influence of Industrial Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Content in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): Ecological and Health Risk Assessment

The primary objective of this study was to determine the heavy metal contents in the water–soil–coriander samples in an industrial wastewater irrigated area and to assess the health risks of these metals to consumers. Sampling was done from areas adjoining the Chistian sugar mill district Sargodha and two separate sites irrigated with groundwater (Site 1), and sugar mill effluents (Site 2) were checked for possible metal contamination. The water–soil–coriander continuum was tested for the presence of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The mean concentrations of all metals were higher than the permissible limits for all studied metals except for Mn in the sugar mill wastewater, with Fe (8.861 mg/L) and Zn (9.761 mg/L) exhibiting the highest values. The mean levels of Fe (4.023 mg/kg), Cd (2.101 mg/kg), Cr (2.135 mg/kg), Cu (2.180 mg/kg), and Ni (1.523 mg/kg) were high in the soil at Site 2 in comparison to the groundwater irrigated site where Fe (3.232 mg/kg) and Cd (1.845 mg/kg) manifested high elemental levels. For coriander specimens, only Cd had a higher mean level in both the groundwater (1.245 mg/kg) and the sugar mill wastewater (1.245 mg/kg) irrigated sites. An estimation of the pollution indices yielded a high risk from Cd (health risk index (HRI): 173.2), Zn (HRI: 7.012), Mn (HRI: 6.276), Fe (HRI: 1.709), Cu (HRI: 1.282), and Ni (HRI: 1.009), as all values are above 1.0 indicating a hazard to human health from consuming coriander irrigated with wastewater. Regular monitoring of vegetables irrigated with wastewater is strongly advised to reduce health hazards to people.
High-Density Planar Integrated Magnetics With Two-Sided Merged Inductor Windings and Integrated Cores for Resonant DC/DC Converter

Magnetic integration effectively reduces the total magnetic volume for a converter with multiple magnetic components. However, the existing integrated inductor and transformer still face some problems, such as a large core cross-sectional area due to the small effective inductor winding number or low printed-circuits-board (PCB) utilization due to unreasonable winding structure design. A new inductor and transformer integrated magnetic (IM) structure with high PCB utilization and a small core volume for the resonant converter is proposed in this article. The integrated resonant inductor is constructed by both the primary and secondary side windings, which increases not only the effective inductor turn number but also the utilization of the PCB. What is more, the core plates of the inductor and the transformer are integrated to furtherly increase the utilization of the core. The design methodology for the proposed IMs is also given in this article. Finally, the proposed IMs and design methodology are verified on a 2-kW China Power Supply Society (CLLC) prototype. Compared with the discrete magnetic components, the IMs’ volume is reduced by about 25% with a similar loss.