Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of past and present gobies: distinguishing Gobius and Pomatoschistus (Teleostei: Gobioidei) species using characters of otoliths, meristics and body morphometry

Gobies (Gobiidae + Oxudercidae) are among the largest groups of extant marine fishes. Fossils of gobies are abundant since the Miocene, and many species have been reported so far. However, delimitation of fossil goby species is challenging because molecular markers and diagnostic traits such as the disposition of sensory head papillae are lost. This study provides, for the first time, an actualistic framework for the identification of fossil goby species. We focus on characters that can in principle be recognized in fossils, and evaluate their ability to discriminate between extant goby species based on statistical analyses. Using 14 extant species of Gobius and seven species of Pomatoschistus, we conducted otolith morphometry, elliptic Fourier shape analysis of otoliths using the package ‘Momocs’, conventional fish morphometry, and meristic counts. In addition, the otoliths of all species are depicted based on SEM images and briefly described. Otolith Fourier shape analysis proved to be most efficient in discrimination of species within both genera, Gobius and Pomatoschistus. Several characters used in the other approaches also worked well, but the results were variable, and the relative taxonomic significance of particular variables tended to change depending on the species under consideration. We propose otolith shape analysis as a powerful tool to explore ancient goby species diversity when samples with abundant fossil otoliths are present. Overall, the herein presented data will greatly facilitate delimitation of fossil goby species in future studies, and will consequently shed new light on the evolution of goby diversity and biogeography through time.
Irrigação no cultivo orgânico de alface utilizando Irrigás, tanque Classe A e um sistema automático de baixo custo

The objective of the present research was to compare an low cost controller with two other techniques of irrigation management, Irrigas system and Class A pan, in the cultive of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.),concerning operability of systems, equipment costs, applied depths and crop yield data. The cultivation was developed in a randomized complete blocks design with four treatments randomized in six replicates. The treatments were characterized by the system Irrigas, Class A pan (TCA) and the use of automatic irrigation of low cost device (AAI) in two different soil water tensions (9.0kPa and 12.0kPa). Data of irrigation depth, water use efficiency and production variables leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoots, diameter and height of the head were evaluated. There wasn't significant difference between treatments for any of the production variables evaluated (P>0.05) and total irrigation depths were related to different management practices and close to the evapotranspiration estimated reference (ETo) accumulated in the period. The water use efficiency in treatments TCA, AAI/9kPa, Irrigas, AAI/12kPa were, respectively, 241.4, 217.9, 205.5 and 267.1kg ha-1 mm-1, while the productivities were, respectively, 32.80, 28.86, 28.80 and 35.45Mg ha-1. The results obtained are close to values reported in the literature, allowing to conclude that the evaluated methodologies were efficient for growing lettuce and thus the method chosen would depend on the availability of skilled manpower and also of the level of farmer training.
Factors affecting the abundance of scirtid beetles in container habitats

The processing of whole leaves into smaller particles by leaf-shredding macroinvertebrates may be important to macroinvertebrates that feed on fine particles. Such interactions, termed processing chains, have also been proposed for larvae of leaf-scraping scirtid beetles (family Scirtidae) and filter-feeding mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes triseriatus Say) found in container communities. We examined how container type (i.e., natural vs artificial), container size, and amount of leaf litter influenced the abundance of scirtids. We nondestructively sampled 12 tree holes and 8 discarded automobile tires monthly, for 11 mo, counting all living scirtids and A. triseriatus. We also measured maximum container volume and the initial amount of accumulated leaf litter and sediment for each container. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with profile analysis showed that, in comparison to tires, tree holes supported significantly greater densities of scirtids both monthly in the late fall and cumulatively for the entire year. A 2nd MANOVA showed that mean container sizes and amount of leaf litter were not significantly different between tree holes and tires. Path analysis suggested no direct effect of litter amount on scirtid abundances, but container volume strongly influenced both litter amount and scirtid abundances. Thus, scirtid abundance and the amount of leaf litter were positively correlated because both were determined by container size.
Performance of broilers’ finishers fed graded levels of Cassava peel -maggot meal- based diet mixtures

The cost of maize is high due to competition between man and livestock hence there is need to look for alternatives. The project was conducted to determine the performance of broiler finisher fed cassava peel -maggot meal mixture as partial or total replacement for maize. Thirty birds each were randomly allotted to each of 4 dietary treatments, replicated thrice in a completely randomized design in which the maize fraction of the diet was replaced at 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% by cassava peel maggot- meal mixture (CPMM). The ratio of dry cassava peel to maggot meal was 4:1. Parameters measured or calculated include feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and cost per weight gain. The results showed that feed intake increased with increased level of CPMM in the diet (P<0.05). Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were similar in broiler fed control diet (0% CPMM) and 50% CPMM. Cost per weight reduced from N131.81 (0% CPMM) to N76.69 (100% CPMM). Cassava peel-maggot meal mixture could be included up to 50% as replacement for maize in the diet of broiler finisher in order to reduce the total feed cost.
Growth Responses and Liver Changes in Juvenile Sunshine Bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) Associated with Dietary Protein and Lipid Level

Four isocaloric semi-purified diets containing 33 or 43% protein with either 13 or 16% lipid were fed to juvenile sunshine bass, Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis, (4.5 g initial weight) for 12 weeks. Fish fed 43% protein and 13% lipid gained significantly more weight than fish fed other diets. Both increased dietary protein or increased dietary lipid resulted in significant increases in total body fat but no change in body protein. Increasing the dietary protein level to 43% also resulted in significantly higher liver lipid content. Histological examination revealed a high degree of fatty infiltration in these livers, which was exacerbated at 16% dietary lipid. Protein efficiency ratios and apparent protein retention were greater in the 33% protein diets. Liver alanine aminotransferase (AAT) activities increased significantly when dietary protein increased. Replacing dextrin with lipid further increased AAT activity. Lipid weight gain and liver composition as well as enzyme activities are responsive to macr.
The Biology and Ecology of Busseola fusea and Sesamia Species in South-Western Nigeria. I. Distribution and Population Studies

The distribution of maize stem borers, Busseola fusca Fuller, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, and S. penniseti Bowden, throughout south-western Nigeria was studied between November and December 1964. The maize-sample survey revealed that B. fusca was more abundant than S. calamistis . While B. fusca was prevalent in the southerly, more humid lowland rainforest zones, S. calamistis was generally distributed and was more prevalent in the dry savanna zones of the region. S. penniseti was not abundant and was very sparsely distributed. There was a marked difference in the position of egg masses on the maize plants. All egg masses of B. fusca were laid within 30 inches of the maize whorl, while S. calamistis egg masses were spread over greater distances from the whorl. This distribution appears to be associated with the larval habits of both B. fusea and S. calamistis . Larval populations studies revealed that in lbadan (and probably south-western Nigeria) there are 4 generations of B. fusca in maize per annum. There are 2 generations between April and July, 1 in September-October, and another in November. It is the larvae of the November generation which go into the dry-season diapause and which later give rise to the 1st-generation adults the following year. S. calamistis ,, although not so numerous as B. fusca , was observed to breed throughout the year.
The alien mollusc Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846; Gastropoda, Muricidae) in the Northern Adriatic Sea: Population structure and shell morphology

Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846; Gastropoda, Muricidae), ‘Rapa whelk’, is a predator of bivalves, native to the Japanese seas. It has been reported in the Northern Adriatic Sea since 1973. Recently, its biogeographical distribution has been widening (probably favoured by ship traffic) including the Atlantic coasts of the USA, Argentina and France, where the species colonised transition zones, such as estuaries or lagoons, economically important for shellfish harvesting. This work investigates the population structure of the Rapa whelk (size classes distribution, sex ratio) in Cesenatico (Emilia-Romagna coast), where local fishermen have been recently observing increasing numbers of Rapana in their by-catches. During summer 2001, analyses were performed on sexually mature adult specimens obtained from sandy bottoms and artificial rocky breakwaters. Male and female individuals were reported in approximately equal numbers with a minimum shell length of 67.0 and a maximum of 136.7 mm. Rapana collected on breakwaters were significantly larger and heavier than Rapana from sand substratum (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Sand shells and rock (breakwater) shells differed also in colour and epibiont cover. The role of man-made hard structures such as breakwaters in maintaining and promoting a further expansion of R. venosa is discussed.
Parental knowledge and practice on antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections in children, in Aksum town health institutions, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Introduction worldwide, antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed and abused drugs for upper respiratory tract infections. Acute upper respiratory infections are common in children who attend childcare and preventing transmission of disease in health setting depends on actions by parents and staff. Therefore the objective of this study is to assess the parental knowledge and practice on antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections in children, in Aksum town health institutions, northern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods a facility-based cross-sectional study design was adopted involving 384 parents of children visited governmental health facilities in Aksum town from February to March, 2018. Respondents were selected based on the proportion of nurses in the health facilities. SPSS version 22 was applied for data entry and analysis. Results the total number of questionnaires was 384 resulting in a 100% response rate. Almost half of the parents had poor knowledge of the use of antibiotics in children for URTIs 183(47.7%), followed by 156(40.6%) moderate knowledge and 45(11.7%) good knowledge. Practices regarding antibiotic use in children with URTI varied. Only 12.8% of the parents did not always follow the doctors´ advice regarding antibiotic use. In this study has reported many areas in which parental awareness on antibiotic use for acute URTI is considered inadequate, consequently inappropriate knowledge and practices. Conclusion nearly half of the parents attending the physicians for their children with URTI expected to get antibiotics.
Family roles, challenges and needs in caring for traumatic brain injury (TBI) family members: a systematic review

PurposeAdvanced medical technology has reduced the mortality rate among traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. This, however, has led to an increasing number of surviving patients with a major disability. As a consequence, these patients need attentive care which becomes an important issue for the society, particularly family members. Thus, this paper aims to review some of the salient roles, challenges and needs of the family caregivers in caring or nursing for their family members diagnosed with TBI.Design/methodology/approachAn inclusive search of the literature was undertaken to identify the family roles, challenges and needs in supporting and nursing TBI patients.FindingsPrevious studies have shown that the family needs to address two important aspects of taking care of TBI patients, which involve emotional and physical affairs. Hence, it is essential for the family members to have adequate information on healing treatment, nursing and care methods, financial support, support groups, managing self-care and, more importantly, emotional and social support.Originality/valueThis paper is not currently under consideration, in press or published elsewhere. In Malaysian culture, nursing disabled patients have always been a family responsibility. The role of nursing the patients has been done domestically and is considered a private affair. In order to execute the role, some put the patient needs as their priority and leave aside their needs and matters.
Entrepreneur Network Behavior as the Gamechanger for Venture Performance : the Mediation Effect of Social Capital and Tacit Knowledge

The individual characteristics continue to set apart who a successful or failed entrepreneurs and business ventures are in the business environment. The study therefore sought to investigate network behavior mechanism as a gamechanger for venture performance; the mediation effect of social capital and tacit knowledge. Entrepreneurs here were regarded as individuals who created their businesses and therefore respondents other than owners were not included in the study population. In total, 530 entrepreneurs were selected from three cities in Jiangsu Province. Purposive, convenient and simple random sampling techniques were applied in choosing the respondents. 410 completed questionnaires were retrieved. The results show that entrepreneurs engaging in network building attitude, network maintenance and network orientation determined their network behaviour. Network behaviour then positively and directly influences venture performance. This effect was significant showing that any effort or activities that lead to network behavior wield a corresponding effect on startups business performance. The results indicated that social capital mediated the relationship such that entrepreneur network behavior indirectly influences venture performance. Tacit knowledge acquisition was shown to boosts network behaviour effect on venture performance. This study departs from the psychological perspective which mainly focus on stable features of the entrepreneur to include the behaviour mechanisms hence makes the study central to better understand the entrepreneurial behavior and performance relationships.
Technologically Processed Highly Diluted Antibodies to S100 Protein in the Treatment of Neurotic Disorders: The Review

Neurotic disorders (NDs) are among the most common mental diseases leading to a decrease in the quality of life, lack of socialization, and increased mortality. The diagnosis and treatment of all types of NDs are challenging. In the light of the ongoing search for an effective and safe therapeutic strategy influencing certain aspects of ND pathogenesis, technologically processed highly diluted antibodies to S100 protein (TP Abs to S100) seem to be a promising treatment option for patients with NDs. TP Abs to S100 possess stress-protective, anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiamnestic, and neuroprotective activities. In the current review, we describe the mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects of TP Abs to S100 demonstrated in nonclinical (preclinical) and clinical studies. Based on the data, we tried to evaluate the future prospects of the TP Abs to S100 as the drug of choice for ND treatment.
Terminalia arjuna: an Ayurvedic Cardiotonic, Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipaemic Rats

The lipid lowering action of the bark powder of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) has been studied in triton and cholesterol fed rats. Serum lipids were found to be lowered by T. arjuna (100 mg/kg, b.w.) in triton induced hyperlipaemia. Chronic feeding of this powder (100 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) in animals simultaneously fed with cholesterol (25 mg/kg, b.w.) for 30 days, caused lowering in lipids and protein levels of β‐lipoproteins followed by an increase in high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol compared with the cholesterol fed groups. T. arjuna alters lipolytic activities in plasma, liver, heart and adipose tissues of hyperlipaemic rats. The lipid lowering action of this natural product is mediated through inhibition of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, increased faecal bile acid excretion and enhanced plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and stimulation of receptor mediated catabolism of low density lipoprotein.
Risks of preterm birth and low Apgar score among preeclamptic women

Background: Preeclampsia has been a major problem for obstetric care in Indonesia due to risks of preterm birth and lower Apgar score. Objective: This study is to examine relationships of preeclampsia, preterm births, and Apgar Score. Methods: This used an analytic study with retrospective case-control design in Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital. A case group was taken by total sampling from medical records of all patients who had preterm delivery in 2017, and a control group of term deliveries was taken by random sampling. Then the data were analysed by using Chi-square test and Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: There were 80 samples for each group. 63.75% of patients by age of 20-35 years were who delivered preterm birth, 40.00% had normal BMI, 40.00% were nulliparous, 92.50% did not have history of preterm labour, 50.00% had preeclampsia with severe features, and 46.25% had spontaneous vaginal delivery. Around 47.14% neonates from preeclamptic women were born at 32-<37 weeks gestation, 50.00% were born with low birth weight, 52.86% had the first minute Apgar score <7, and 72.86% had the fifth minutes Apgar score =7. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the preeclampsia and the preterm birth (p<0.007; OR=2.54, 95% CI 1.34-4.83). The preeclampsia was also related to lower Apgar score at 1st minute (p<0.042; OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.07-3.85) and 5th minute (p<0.046; OR=2.42, 95% CI 1.08-5.41). Preterm neonates born from preeclamptic mothers were related to lower Apgar score at 1st minute (p<0.002; OR=5.82, 95% CI 1.99-17.02) and 5th minute (p<0.001; OR 17.31, 95% CI 2.15-139.54). Conclusion: Preeclampsia could make pregnant women at risks of delivering preterm birth and neonates with low Apgar score.
The impact of water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes) in a eutrophic subtropical impoundment (Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe). II. Species diversity

We compared abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fishes among limnetic (P: always without macrophytes) and littoral habitats with (L +) and without (L- ) hyacinths in Lake Chivero, a man-made hypertrophic reservoir near Harare (Zimbabwe). In addition, the littoral macrophyte community, and macro-inver- tebrates associated with hyacinth mats were inventoried. The phytoplankton commu- nity was dominated by blue-green algae (mainly Microcystis aeruginosa ), typical for a hyper-eutrophic lake. Total absolute densities were about 10 to 30 times higher at the L+ sites than at the unvegetated L- and P sites. On the basis of relative species abun- dances the L- zones were more similar to the P than to the L + zones. There was an in- creasing importance of chlorophytes ( Staurastrum sp. and Pandorina morum ) and di- atoms (Cyclotella meneghiniana and pennales) and a decreasing dominance of Mycro- cystis along the discriminant axis from L +, L- to P. The zooplankton community was most dense in the unvegetated zones. Daphnids and bosminids were more abundant in the pelagic than in both littoral zones. Calanoids and Diaphanosoma were dominantly represented in the unvegetated zones. The two littoral zones were characterised by higher densities of chydorids, while they could be discriminated by the dominance of cyclopoids in the vegetated site. Seventeen different fish species were captured by at least one of the different fishing methods. Apparent habitat preferences differed ac-
Logging in boreal field‐forest ecotones promotes flower‐visiting insect diversity and modifies insect community composition

Mitigation tools aimed at counteracting the loss of farmland insect diversity and associated ecosystem services are usually conducted on cultivated fields. Possibilities of managing field‐forest ecotones for biodiversity have been rarely discussed, despite their importance for flower‐visiting insects. The effectiveness of logging in enhancing three aspects of insect diversity (bumblebee abundance, total species richness, and habitat specialist butterfly abundance) and changes in insect community composition were studied in a three‐year field experiment. The study included 15 field‐forest ecotones, each with a 50 m long and 25 m wide treated area and a corresponding control. At forest edge, a 5 m wide strip was clear‐cut and behind this strip, a 20 m wide belt was thinned to a basal area of 8 m2 ha−1. Logging simultaneously promoted all three aspects of insect diversity. Changes were more apparent at clear‐cut edge than in the thinned interior. Community composition changed via increased abundance of open habitat species, especially butterflies. Logging promoted warm microclimates and flower availability at clear‐cut edges. All three aspects of insect diversity showed a positive response to flower coverage, which in turn was negatively correlated with the amount of logging residue. Creating open field‐forest ecotones is beneficial for flower‐visiting insects and open habitat species in particular. This approach is expected to be most beneficial at sunny forest edges and sites which become overgrown slowly. In addition, we suggest logging residue to be removed when aiming to promote flower‐visitors.
Some Scirtidae (Coleoptera) from Palawan (the Philippines), mainly from phytotelmata

Larvae collected in phytotelmata on Palawan, the Philippines, were bred and yielded three new species of genus Exochomoscirtes which are described. Exochomoscirtes pupae are described for the first time, and supplementary descriptions of larvae and females and some biological notes are provided. Scirtes (Curtoscirtes ? ) brunneus sp. n. is named from a field-collected male. Larvae of unidentified species of Prionocyphon and Hydrocyphon are also recorded from Palawan.