Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FORECASTING INTEREST RATE VOLATILITY IN NIGERIA IN THE ARCH-GARCH FAMILY MODELS

: Modeling the volatility of interest rates is essential for many areas in finance. However, it is well known that interest rate series exhibit non-normal characteristics that may not be captured with the standard GARCH model with a normal error distribution. But which GARCH model and error distribution to use is still open to question, especially where the model that best fits the in-sample data may not give the most effective out-of-sample volatility forecasting ability, which we use as the criterion for the selection of the most effective model from among the alternatives. In this work, the GARCH family models were employed in modeling interest rate volatility in Nigeria. A time series of data spanning January 2000 to December 2018 (in-sample data) was used to fit the models and out-of-sample data running from January to December 2019 to determine the best conditional volatility forecast. Twenty-four symmetric and eighteen asymmetric models were estimated and compared using three distribution errors; the normal, student's t, and the generalized error distributions; while four error loss functions, namely, RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and TIC, were adopted to determine the best fit and conditional volatility forecast. The result shows that the symmetric GED-GARCH (1,1) model was considered the overall best fit in both the symmetric and asymmetric models. The best-fitted GED-GARCH (1,1) model exhibited volatility persistence. The in-sample and out-of-sample volatility forecast of the GED-GARCH (1,1) model reveals that unconditional mean and variance will be achieved in the third month of 2019. Some transmission spillover effects running from the exchange and inflation rates to interest rates were also detected.
Role of Surface Enthalpy Fluxes in Idealized Simulations of Tropical Depression Spinup

AbstractAn idealized, three-dimensional, cloud-system-resolving model is used to investigate the influence of surface enthalpy flux variations on tropical depression (TD) spinup, an early stage of tropical cyclogenesis in which the role of surface fluxes remains incompletely understood. A range of simulations supports the hypothesis that a negative radial gradient of surface enthalpy flux outside the storm center is necessary for TD spinup but can arise from multiple mechanisms. The negative radial gradient is typically created by the wind speed dependence of surface enthalpy fluxes, consistent with some previous theories for tropical cyclone intensification. However, when surface enthalpy fluxes are prescribed to be independent of wind speed, spinup still occurs, albeit more slowly, with the negative radial gradient of surface enthalpy flux maintained by an enhanced air–sea thermodynamic disequilibrium beneath the cold core of the incipient vortex. Surface enthalpy flux variations seem more important for.
Parvitaenia cochlearii (Cestoda: Gryporhynchidae) in a cultivation of Pacific fat sleeper Dormitator latifrons from Ecuador

Objective. To identify and determine the infection parameters of the metacestode Parvitaenia in different culture stages of Dormitator latifrons and to evaluate the histological damage caused by this parasite. Materials and methods. Forty-five specimens were examined, 15 in each phase: pre-breeding, pre-fattening, and fattening, to identify the metacestode and tissue damage caused using conventional parasitology and histology techniques. Prevalence, intensity, and median intensity were calculated. A Mood’s median test evaluated the difference between intensity per culture phase. Total length, weight, condition factor, and hepatosomatic index were correlated with intensity by linear correlation analysis. Liver fragments were evaluated to identify the tissue damage. Results. A total of 29,151 cestodes were found and were identified as Parvitaenia cochlearii . Cestode prevalence was 100% in each culture phase. The median intensity ranged from 22 to 625 individuals and showed significant differences between culture phases (X 2 = 29.391; p<0.0001). Intensity showed moderate positive correlation with total fish length (r 2 = 0.45; p<0.05) and low correlation with weight (r 2 = 0.38; p<0.05). In less parasitized livers, fibrosis, and congestion around the cysts were observed, while in livers with high levels of infection, parenchymal reduction, fibrosis, and increase in melanomacrophage centers were observed. Conclusions. This is the first report of P. cochlearii on D. latifrons in aquaculture. We suggest that there is a tendency for cestode accumulation during fish growth, which could have negative implications for trade.
An adaptive sliding mode controller with a new reaching law for tracking problem of an autonomous underwater vehicles

Since autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have highly nonlinear dynamics, the employed controller in these systems must be accurate and robust against noise and uncertainties. Sliding Mode Controller is very robust against both the parameters changing and external disturbance. But, there are some major drawbacks of these controllers such as chattering and high vulnerability against noise. In this paper, by modifying the reaching law and using an adaptive gain in the proposed sliding mode controller, these problems are eliminated from the input signal of the system. In the presented reaching law, a continuous term is used instead of the discrete sign function as well as the velocity term is entered in the reaching law. Since there are external disturbances, noises and uncertainties in the system dynamics and modeling, the states may be separated from the surface. Since the reaching law acts when the states separate from the sliding surface, then the gain of reaching law is adapted according to the uncertainties, states error and velocity. Also, the upper bound of disturbance and uncertainty are estimated. Furthermore, the reaching condition and limitation of the switching variable rate for the proposed controller are investigated. Finally, stability and convergence of the closed-loop system are proven analytically using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Some simulations and comparisons with other methods show efficiency of the presented method.
Game-based learning for the development of reading comprehension among teenagers

de la prueba previa revelaron que los estudiantes tienen un nivel muy bajo de comprensión de lectora y están en el nivel literal. La intervención involucró clases basadas en juegos de mesa y juego de concurso con elementos como puntos, logros, rankings, tiempo, niveles, desafíos y premios que contribuyen a motivar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los resultados de la prueba posterior revelaron que los estudiantes del grupo de control permanecieron en el mismo nivel; sin embargo, el grupo experimental mejoró considerablemente. Conclusión : Por lo tanto, se aceptó la hipótesis propuesta y el autor concluyó que el aprendizaje basado en juegos es beneficioso para que los estudiantes desarrollen su comprensión lectora . Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Enseñanza del Inglés como Lengua Extrajera.
ECOLOGICAL COOLING DEMAND IN CHANGCHUN CITY OF CHINA: SPATIAL RESPONSE TO DIFFERENCES IN URBAN THERMAL ENVIRONMENT INTENSITY

Rapid urbanization promotes social and economic development, but it also causes severe urban thermal environmental problems. Identifying the cooling priority zones, which is dependent on the intensity and spatial differentiation of an urban heat island (UHI), has become the key to alleviating the urban thermal environment problem. Using Changchun City of China as an example, this study used the split window algorithm (SWA) to extract the land surface temperature (LST) information from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS image data and then discussed the ecological cooling priority zones of green landscapes by analyzing the multi-level structure of administrative division, quadrant, and loop differences in the thermal environment. The results revealed that there was an average LST difference of up to 5 ℃ between the inner and outer urban areas. The average temperature of the administrative region with the highest cooling demand was 2.57 °C higher than that of the region with the lowest demand. From a quadrant perspective, the regions with the lowest and highest ecological cooling demands were located in the northeast and southwest, respectively. Additionally, based on the loop, the ecological cooling demands of the central urban area in Changchun City increased from the perimeter to the center, with the center being 4.05 °C warmer than the perimeter. This study determined, from a multi-structure perspective, the priority order of cooling demand in the central urban area of Changchun City. The results pointed in the right direction for effectively mitigating the urban heat island effect and optimizing the landscape structure and layout of urban green space.
DETERMINATION SOME IMMUNOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS RELATED WITH ROSEOMONAS MUCOSA AND ITS PIGMENT IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULAS.

This study was aimed to conducted as a challenge test for R. mucosa ability to reduces atopic dermatitis induced in the skin of experimental animals and improve the fact that this kind of microorganism play important role as skin microflora to reduce some type of skin diseases, additionally to find the suitable pharmaceutical formula can be maintaining and stimulating bacterial isolate to produce a pigment. A probiotic application as a suitable cream formulas were prepared containing local R. mucosa biomass, Standard R. mucosa biomass and partial purified pigment to treat three groups of albino mice induced with atopic dermatitis. The main physical characteristics of the prepared cream formula are homogeneous with odorless, smooth texture, and clarity of its light yellowish color. Some immunological test including (CBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelets), total serum IgE and histopathological analysis were also done. The in vivo result improve the effectivity of all prepared formulas particularly local R. mucosa biomass formula in reducing induced AD in mice either externally or internally. The findings suggested the safety of topical R . mucosa therapy of lab. animals induced with AD.
DAVAOEÑOS’ PREFERRED CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOPPING MALLS DURING COVID-19

- The purpose of this study is to determine the preferred selected characteristics of shopping malls among Davaoeños during Covid-19. It specifically seeks to determine the level of preference among Davaoeños’ preferred shopping mall characteristics according to (1) service experience, (2) internal environment, (3) convenience, (4) utilitarian factors, (5) proximity, and (6) demonstration. This study also seeks to determine if there is a significant difference in the preference level for shopping malls when respondents are grouped according to their profiles. Quantitative research design was used, and simple random sampling was utilized with 100 respondents. As for the major findings, there is a significant difference in the shopping mall’s internal environment when respondents are grouped according to their age, occupation, and civil status.
Effect of addition essential oils and partial substituting of sugar with stevia leaves aqueous extract on the quality of both mango and strawberry jam during storage

In this study, the effects of incorporating essential oils from natural herbs, specifically cloves ( Syzygium aromaticum L.) and cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) oils, as well as substituting sugar with an aqueous extract of stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves, on the chemical, physical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of mango ( Mangifera indica L.) and strawberry ( Fragaria ananassa ) jam during a 6-month storage period at room temperature (25ºC±5ºC) were investigated. The objective was to assess the potential impact of these additives on the jam's quality and shelf life. The findings revealed that the incorporation of cloves, cinnamon essential oils, and stevia leaves' aqueous extract led to a significant increase in the ash content and ascorbic acid levels of the jam. Interestingly, the sensory attributes of the mango and strawberry jam remained unaffected by the addition of essential oils. Furthermore, the utilization of these additives resulted in an extension of the jam's shelf life. Based on the results, it is recommended to incorporate cloves and cinnamon oils at a concentration of 0.5 ml per kilogram of jam and replace 50% of the sugar content with the aqueous extract of stevia leaves in both mango and strawberry jam formulations. This formulation adjustment offers the potential to enhance the jam's shelf life without compromising its sensory characteristics.
Geographical imagination and urban–rural binary in online discourses related to the capital region of Finland: A corpus onomastic study of Helsinki, Vantaa and Espoo

: The article focuses on digital discourses related to Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa, the three biggest municipalities in Finland’s capital region. The data consist of texts from the discussion forum of Suomi24 that was analysed to find out how forum users produce socio-spatial distinctions by categorizing some groups as ‘others’ thus differentiating in-groups and out-groups. The analysis used methods of comprised corpus assisted discourse studies (CADS), including collocation analysis. The results show that discourses related both to native and non-native Helsinkians and to those living in the capital region in contrast to those living elsewhere in Finland are common and the juxtapositions between various groups are repeatedly constructed.
MEDIATING ROLE OF MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES, ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE, ENFORCEMENT, AND VAT COLLECTION PERFORMANCE

The study's primary goal is to comprehend how managerial performance influences the effectiveness of government reforms, organizational structure, compliance, and VAT collections (Bannaga, 2017). 364 national tax authority personnel from the UAE in generally, and Dubai and Abu Dhabi in specifically, were selected as respondents for the aforementioned reason. The study is based on primary research and followed a quantitative research approach using causal study technique. The study followed simple random sampling and applied structural equation modeling to test the direct and indirect effects. The study added a mediatory function for performance management to the Economic Thought of Business Taxes, supporting and contributing to the concept (Nguyen, 2019). Furthermore, the study is significant for the practitioners in the government sector in understanding how VAT collection can be improved. The study was limited to the context of UAE only and opened the horizons of new research over the same model to be applied in those economies where VAT collection is a big challenge.
Genetic variation and genomic constitution in orchid Dendrobium hybrid section Spatulata derived from interspecific hybridization based on se‐ quence related amplified polymorphism marker

Dendrobium hybrid section Spatulata is widely cultivated in Indonesia due to its ease of cultivation, high economic value and adaptability, also extended flower shelf life. Various attempts to meet the rising market demand for Dendrobium hybrid section Spatulata , including the development of new varieties with unique flower traits such as flower color, a longer and bigger horn, and disease resistance. In this study, we conducted a breeding program aimed at developing a new cultivar of Dendrobium hybrid section Spatulata (antelope orchids) through interspecific hybridization. The study aimed to investigate the genetic variation and genomic constitution of the eight hybrids and their corresponding parental lines that resulted from interspecific hybridization using sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker. Six species of Dendrobium section Spatulata i.e. , Dendrobium Sri Mulyani, D. Cochliodes , D. strepsiceros , D. stratiotes , D. Alice Noda, D. helix , and several hybrids of antelope orchids derived from three hybridizations including D. Sri Mulyani × D. cochliodes , D. stratiotes × D. strepsiceros , and D. Alice Noda × D. helix , respectively, were subjected into SRAP markers for genotyping analysis. Dendrobium hybrid section Spatulata hybrids produced by interspecific hybridization were genuine hybrids with substantial genetic variability based on flower morphology, including labellum shapes and color intensities, as well as curly horn shapes and color intensities. The SRAP marker, which was used to genotype the hybrid and parental lines, exhibited a significant degree of polymorphism, and might be used to distinguish each accession. It produced a unique DNA amplicon that ranged from 180 to 530 bp and inherited a certain progeny line. The unweighted pair group mean average (UPGMA) dendrogram and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) biplot showed that all the hybrids were grouped into three major clusters according to their corresponding parental lines based on their genetic background and ge‐ nomic constitution. These findings are critical for the genetic improvement of the Antelope orchid to develop novel varieties.
Prediction of the nutritional values by INRA (2018) feed evaluation system of Megathyrsus maximus subjected to different grazing strategies

: Grazing management is a key element to optimize growth cycle of forages, which are enhanced in their chemical composition leading to the reception of greater nutritive values for feeding ruminants. Several studies have showed that the accuracy and precision of the feeding values are critical to achieve this goal, unfortunately, in Ecuador there are not referential data, despite of Megathyrsus maximus is the most forage used by livestock farmers. The predominant aim of the current study was to approach and estimate the feeding values by INRA feed evaluation system of Tanzania grass ( Megathyrsus maximus ) subjected at different grazing strategies. The statistical design was a randomized complete block, with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Where the treatments were combinations of three grazing frequencies (GF) (30 d; termed GF30, 45 d, GF45 and 60 d, GF60) and two cutting heights (CHs; 30 and 45 cm). The agronomic data did not vary by season effect (P = 0.24 to 0.82), but GF60 had higher plant heigh and dry matter (DM) contents (P < 0.001) than other GF, although with less tiller populations (241 vs. 304 tiller/m 2 ). By CHs effect, Tanzania grass at 30 cm had a greater DM content than 45 cm of CHs (5565 vs. 4221 ± 603 kg/ha -1 ; P = 0.073). All chemical determinations were affected by GF, CHs and their interaction (P < 0.001 to 0.004) with the exception on ADF between CHs (P = 0.50). Whereas only the CP and ADF values were conditioned by season effect (P = 0.001 to 0.011). Subsequently, Tanzania grass subjected at moderate rest periods and low defoliation intensities showed greater energy and proteins values than traditionally used GF60. Based in these findings, the defoliation frequency had influence on agronomic and chemical characteristics, whilst the feeding values was mainly affected by grazing intensities and weather conditions. So, the best combination regarding nutritive values should be at GF30 and GF45 combined with 45 cm of CHs.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ACCORDING TO FRAMINGHAM SCORE: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Objective: to investigate in the scientific literature the factors associated with high cardiovascular risk of 10 and 30 years. Method: an integrative review of the literature conducted between July and November 2021 in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, WoS and EMBASE databases and in the Virtual Health Library portal. Duplicate articles were identified with EndNote software and the process of selecting the studies was presented in the PRISMA statement diagram. Results: 13 articles with one or more factors associated with high cardiovascular risk were selected, according to the Framingham score of 10 years. No selected article investigated the factors associated with high risk of 30 years. Poor eating habits, low socioeconomic status, low physical activity/sedentary lifestyle, impaired sleep pattern, abdominal adiposity, increased levels of Specific Prostatic Antigen in men, pre-frailty in older women, marital status (divorced or widowed man), profession (driver) and color (white woman) are associated with high cardiovascular risk of 10 years. Conclusion: risk factors that do not make up the Framingham score should be investigated during the collection of nursing data aiming at the implementation of actions to prevent and promote cardiovascular health.
Pro-Social Change for the Most Challenging: Marketing and Testing Harm Reduction for Conservation∗

This paper investigates the effectiveness of pursuing conservation goals by promoting harm reduction, a once controversial approach to health care that aims to reduce the harmful impacts of unhealthy behaviors without promoting full abstinence or stigmatizing said behaviors. Conservation proponents often heavily promote solutions more akin to full abstinence, which do not recognize the inherent preference trade-off the heaviest users face when giving up a behavior that may be harmful to the environment, such as driving a car, eating meat and dairy or watering a lawn. We employ two sequential field experiments to market and test effectiveness of a smart irrigation controller, a lawn watering efficiency device. This solution has an ex-ante lower expected impact on conservation than turf removal, the highest impact solution in this context, but is nevertheless more aligned with the preferences of the heaviest users. We show that marketing this preference-aligned solution induces the highest adoption among the heaviest irrigators and those previously disinclined to conserve. Given these compliance patterns, our interventions lead to large and long-lasting individual and social benefits: water savings from the device recover its cost in half a year and are of the magnitude of one household’s basic (indoor) water needs. We find no meaningful increase in water usage among those irrigating less and no evidence of reduced turf removal, suggesting that the harm reduction intervention grows, rather than cannibalizes, the adoption of water conservation alternatives. Our results underscore the importance of considering heterogeneous preferences when designing interventions aimed at fostering pro-social behaviors such as conservation and shed light on how to use marketing to engage the least pro-socially inclined.