Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis in paprika (Capsicum annuum L.)

Forty four genotypes of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) which were evaluated to understand the extent of genetic diversity through 13 yield attributing and 7 quality traits at Horticultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, revealed that the analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis, the 44 genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters. Among all the clusters, cluster I was the largest containing 13 genotypes followed by cluster II with 10 genotypes, cluster III and cluster V with 6 genotypes, cluster VII with 4 genotypes, cluster IV with 3 genotypes and cluster VI with 2 genotypes. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and cluster VII (1217.10) and the minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and cluster II (424.49). The cluster VII exhibited highest intra-cluster distance (475.42) and cluster VI had minimum intra-cluster Euclidean2 distance value of 231.65. The maximum per cent of contribution towards genetic divergence for yield contributing traits was shown by dry fruit yield per plant, weight of seeds per fruit followed by 1000 seed weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and number of fruits per plant. Whereas, higher contribution to the total divergence for quality traits were reported for total extractable colour followed by red carotenoids, yellow carotenoids, ascorbic acid, oleoresin content and capsaicin content. The principal component analysis revealed that first eight principal components with eigen value more than one were observed to contribute 83.62 per cent towards the total variability. Among the eight principal components, PC1contributed maximum towards variability (25.18%). Considering the diversity studies, hierarchical cluster the genotypes viz., Warangal chapata double patti, Warangal chapata single patti, LCA-511 and LCA-512 belonging to cluster I and genotypes of cluster IV (LCA 466, LCA 480 and Jangareddygudem local) were identified as promising parents and could be utilized for efficient hybridization programme for high yield coupled with good quality traits in paprika.
Selection on a small genomic region underpins differentiation in multiple color traits between two warbler species

Speciation is one of the most important processes in biology, yet the study of the genomic changes underlying this process is in its infancy. North American warbler species Setophaga townsendi and Setophaga occidentalis hybridize in a stable hybrid zone, following a period of geographic separation. Genomic differentiation accumulated during geographic isolation can be homogenized by introgression at secondary contact, whereas genetic regions that cause low hybrid fitness can be shielded from such introgression. Here, we examined the genomic underpinning of speciation by investigating (1) the genetic basis of divergent pigmentation traits between species, (2) variation in differentiation across the genome, and (3) the evidence for selection maintaining differentiation in the pigmentation genes. Using tens of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in hundreds of individuals within and near the hybrid zone, genome‐wide association mapping revealed a single SNP associated with cheek, crown, breast coloration, and flank streaking, reflecting pleiotropy (one gene affecting multiple traits) or close physical linkage of different genes affecting different traits. This SNP is within an intron of the RALY gene, hence we refer to it as the RALY SNP. We then examined between‐species genomic differentiation, using both genotyping‐by‐sequencing and whole genome sequencing. We found that the RALY SNP is within one of the highest peaks of differentiation, which contains three genes known to influence pigmentation: ASIP, EIF2S2, and RALY (the ASIP‐RALY gene block). Heterozygotes at this gene block are likely of reduced fitness, as the geographic cline of the RALY SNP has been narrow over two decades. Together, these results reflect at least one barrier to gene flow within this narrow (∼200 kb) genomic region that modulates plumage difference between species. Despite extensive gene flow between species across the genome, this study provides evidence that selection on a phenotype‐associated genomic region maintains a stable species boundary.
Assessment of Partial Edentulism Based on Kennedy’s Classification System

Edentulism is the state of being edentulous without natural teeth in the oral cavity. Edentulism leads to impairment of normal function, aesthetics, Comfort and speech which is followed by sequelae of undesirable events which includes occlusal discrepancies, migration and spacing of surrounding teeth, loss of space, supra eruption of teeth and temporomandibular disorders. The Variation in the number and location of the edentulous spaces and its complex relation to the remaining tooth structure or the natural teeth constrains the need to classify the partial edentulous arches. The aim of the current study was to assess the frequency of partial edentulism according to Kennedy's classification system. The retrospective study was conducted among the outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital from June 2019- august 2019. The patient data was assessed. The data were tabulated using MS-Excel. The data was then analysed using IBM SPSS software (version 20). Pearson's chi-square test was done. Male predilection (62%) was identified in relation to partial edentulism. The most frequently observed edentulism in maxillary and mandibular arch was Kennedy's class III (23% and 21% respectively). While Kennedy class I and II were observed in patients aged between 50-80 years (11% and 14% respectively), whereas Kennedy's class IV was majorly observed among patients aged between 20-30 years (5%) (p<0.05). There was an increased frequency of Kennedy’s class I and II pattern and a decline in Kennedy’s class III and IV with increase in age.
μ‐Oxalato‐bis­[chloro­tripyridine­manganese(II)] pyridine disolvate

The Mn complex of the title compound, [Mn2(C2O4)Cl2(C5H5N)6]·2C5H5N, is located on a crystallographic centre of inversion. The pyridine solvent mol­ecules are located on general positions. Each Mn centre is octa­hedrally coordinated by three pyridine ligands, one Cl atom and a chelating oxalate dianion which bridges the two Mn centres.
The Tree Bumblebee, Bombus hypnorum: ecology and genetics of a naturally colonising pollinator

Bumblebees are essential pollinators but, worldwide, many species are declining. The Tree Bumblebee, Bombus hypnorum, is a notable exception in that, having been first recorded in the UK (in southern England) in 2001, it has since rapidly spread to become common in much of England, Wales and Scotland. In this thesis I therefore investigated the ecology and genetics of B. hypnorum in the UK to better understand the factors underlying ecological success in bumblebees as a whole. In Chapter 2, I used biological recorder data to model and estimate B. hypnorum’s dispersal kernel. I found evidence for leptokurtic dispersal, with most queens dispersing a relatively short distance (mean, 4.3 km) but a few dispersing much further (e.g. 1% dispersing up to 23.9 km). In Chapter 3, I used a panel of neutral genetic markers (microsatellites) to investigate the demographic history of a representative UK B. hypnorum population. I found no evidence for a recent population bottleneck, suggesting that, rather than being the product of a single, chance event, B. hypnorum's colonisation of the UK may be better explained by continuous migration from continental Europe. In Chapter 4, I used the same marker set to reconstruct the colony membership of workers sampled from a landscape in two successive years and to estimate the mating frequency of queens. This revealed notably short colony-specific worker foraging distances (mean, 103.6 m), high, variable nesting densities and a mean frequency of 1.7 matings per queen. In Chapter 5, I investigated the foraging ecology of B. hypnorum in the field and found that an absolute advantage in efficient flower handling and not low flower constancy ('generalism') may be contributing to its ecological success. Overall, these results greatly increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which bumblebees achieve ecological success and hence should help inform their conservation.
THE USE OF GOLDEN SNAIL MEAL TO ENRICH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS CULTURE MEDIA AND ITS EFFECT ON THE BACTERIAL TOXICITY AGAINST SPODOPTERA LITURA

The use of golden snail meal to enrich Bacillus thuringiensis culture media and its effect on the bacterial toxicity against spodoptera litura. Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium producing spore and protein at sporulation. There has been limited research on using golden snail as protein resource to enrich bacterial culture media. This research was aimed at studying bacterial cell/spore production in culture media made from coconut water media and liquid waste of tofu industry (tofu whey) enriched with golden snail meal (GSM), as well as its toxicity against Spodoptera litura. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, from June to September 2017. The experiment was arranged in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the addition of GSM (0, 5, 9, 13 and 17 g) and the second was storage longevity (0, 1, and 2 months). Number of test insect (third instar of S. litura) was 30 larvae per treatment. Parameter observed were spore density, larval mortality, and symptom of infected larvae. The results showed that B. thuringiensis cultured in culture media enriched with 13 g golden snail meal produced the highest spore density, amounted to 14.14 x 107spores/ml and caused larval mortality up to 86.67%. After one and two month storage treatments, the spore density in the cultures reduced to 2.51 x 107 and 1.49 x 107 spores/ml, respectively. There was a tendency of reduction in spore density under longer storage of the culture. Survived larvae developed abnormally, failed to transform to pupa or imago.
Hidden Risks of Machine Learning Applied to Healthcare: Unintended Feedback Loops Between Models and Future Data Causing Model Degradation

There is much hope for the positive impact of machine learning on healthcare. In fact, several ML methods are already used in everyday clinical practice, but the eﬀect of adopting imperfect predictions from an ML system on model performance over time is unknown. Clinicians changing their decisions based on an imperfect ML system changes the underlying probability distribution P ( Y ) of future data, where Y is the outcome. This eﬀect has not been carefully studied to date. In this work we tackle the problem of model predictions inﬂuencing future labels (which we refer to as the feedback loop ) by considering several supervised learning scenarios, and show that unlike in the no-feedback-loop setting, if clinicians fully trust the model (100% adoption of the predicted label) the false positive rate (FPR) grows uncontrollably with the number of updates. We simulate the feedback loop problem on a real-world ICU data (MIMIC-IV v0.1) as the distribution shifts over time. Among our scenarios, we consider how the clinician’s trust in the model over time impacts the magnitude of the FPR increase due to a feedback loop. Finally, we propose mitigating solutions to the observed model degradation using heuristics that discard potentially incorrectly labeled samples. We hope that our work draws attention to the existence of the feedback-loop problem resulting in both theoretical and practical advances for ML in healthcare.
Adaptations for folivory and insectivory in the digestive enzymes of non-human primates

10! Introduction . 12! Methods. 16! Results . 19! Discussion . 23! Conclusion . 26! References . 28! Chapter 3. Evolution of the acidic mammalian chitinase gene family (CHIA) is related to body mass and insectivory in primates . 43!
Forest and land fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia: Drivers, pressures, impacts and responses

Tata HL, Narendra BH, Mawazin. 2018. Forest and land fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia: Drivers, pressures, impacts and responses. Biodiversitas 19: 544-551. Pelalawan District of Riau Province, Indonesia was one of the districts most damaged by fire in 2015. Analysis of factors driving the fires, of pressures arising from the fires and of responses to the fires in Pelalawan District was conducted using two approaches: semi-structured interviews regarding social and policy aspects, and analysis of biophysical factors such as soil properties and spatial data. Results showed that forest functions (i.e. the functions served by different forest types) was positively related to hotspot density (R2=0.9868), while distance to nearest road less affected hotspot distribution (R2=0.1612). Multiple regression analysis of the relationship between hotspots density and four variables resulted in the following model: Y = 0.005384 + 0.000021 Soil Type + 0.000019 Distance to Road + 0.000038 Forest Functions + 0.000017 Land Use type. The pressures were expansion for agriculture, plantation and forest encroachment. Despite many negative impacts of fire, the burning practice on peatland could improve the pH and peat soil fertility (particularly ash and P contents). As a response to fire, a standard operational procedure for forest- and land-fire prevention was launched by the Governor of Riau Province in late 2015. A comprehensive and integrated policy package for forest and land fire prevention and control should include a social dimension in order to effectively reduce fire risk in the district.
İşbirlikçi Diyalog Parametreleri: Etkileşim Örüntüleri, Anadil Kullanımı ve Dil Odaklı Tartışmalar

This study investigated collaborative dialogue in terms of patterns of interaction, use of L1 and language-related episodes (LREs). These elements were analyzed as to different pairings and task complexity. To that end, two different levels of student pairs were sampled (high-high [H-L] & high-low [HL]) from the preparatory class of a foundation university. In addition, three different task types were used (word formation task, error correction task and composition task) in the study. The results showed that in both pairings (H-H & H-L) collaborative pattern was observed. As to L1 use, it was more prevalent in highlow (H-L) pairing and the composition task required more use of L1. Moreover, L1 metatalk was used more than its metacognitive function. In terms of LREs, H-L pair experienced more episodes and the composition task required more LREs than other tasks. The study suggests that collaborative pattern, irrespective of language levels of pairs, secures effective interaction and transfer of knowledge between learners. Also, it is suggested that L1 use and LREs can be mediating tools for these interactions.
Sentinel surveillance of Lyme disease risk in Canada, 2019: Results from the first year of the Canadian Lyme Sentinel Network (CaLSeN).

Background Lyme disease is an emerging vector-borne zoonotic disease of increasing public health importance in Canada. As part of its mandate, the Canadian Lyme Disease Research Network (CLyDRN) launched a pan-Canadian sentinel surveillance initiative, the Canadian Lyme Sentinel Network (CaLSeN), in 2019. Objectives To create a standardized, national sentinel surveillance network providing a real-time portrait of the evolving environmental risk of Lyme disease in each province. Methods A multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach was used in the selection of sentinel regions. Within each sentinel region, a systematic drag sampling protocol was performed in selected sampling sites. Ticks collected during these active surveillance visits were identified to species, and Ixodes spp. ticks were tested for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti and Powassan virus. Results In 2019, a total of 567 Ixodes spp. ticks (I. scapularis [n=550]; I. pacificus [n=10]; and I. angustus [n=7]) were collected in seven provinces: British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The highest mean tick densities (nymphs/100 m2) were found in sentinel regions of Lunenburg (0.45), Montréal (0.43) and Granby (0.38). Overall, the Borrelia burgdorferi prevalence in ticks was 25.2% (0%-45.0%). One I. angustus nymph from British Columbia was positive for Babesia microti, a first for the province. The deer tick lineage of Powassan virus was detected in one adult I. scapularis in Nova Scotia. Conclusion CaLSeN provides the first coordinated national active surveillance initiative for tick-borne disease in Canada. Through multidisciplinary collaborations between experts in each province, the pilot year was successful in establishing a baseline for Lyme disease risk across the country, allowing future trends to be detected and studied.
The Logic of Internal HRM Consistency: The Synergic Effect of the Subfunctions’ Advancement Levels on the Financial Performance Results of MNCs

For the last few decades, the relationships between the HRM advancement level and organizational performance results have been studied both theoretically and empirically in many various ways. However, only a few of those studies incorporated the logic and synergy of internal HRM consistency from the Central European (CE) perspective. Hence the main goal of the paper is to determine in what way the coherence of the advancement levels of HRM subfunctions may influence the performance financial results of MNCs headquartered in CE. Consequently, the identification and analysis of the relationships between the advancement levels of HRM subfunctions (independent variables) and the financial performance results of local subsidiaries of MNCs (dependent variable) makes the research problem. The HRM subfunctions covered: employee resourcing, employee retention, engagement & satisfaction, performance appraisal, career development, talent management, competency management, development of leadership, employer branding. The research sample comprised 200 CE headquarters (HQs) of MNCs and their local subsidiaries. The correlational analysis proves that there are some identifiable and statistically significant correlations between dependent and independent variables. The major conclusion is, excluding employer branding, that the higher the advancements level of HRM subfunctions and the stronger the associations between these levels the better the financial performance results of foreign subsidiaries of MNCs. Additionally, the research findings confirm that the logic of maintaining internal HRM consistency within the high advancement levels of its particular subfunctions may result in their positive synergic impact on the company’s performance.
Thermodynamic processes in dusty plasma

Here, we propose a thermodynamic model for dusty plasma, where the dust is confined in a small volume within a large plasma background by external fields. In this model, the parameters of dust, e.g. Helmholtz energy, pressure, entropy and enthalpy, etc. can be calculated for given dust density and temperature. The model is solved analytically in the mean field (gaseous) limit and various processes associated with the gaseous phase of dust, e.g. adiabatic/isothermal/constant internal energy expansion/compression, specific heat, free expansion within the plasma background, and the dispersion of novel acoustic waves are studied. Some predictions of the model, e.g. electrostatic pressure of the dust and the isothermal equation of state, have been earlier verified in experiments and numerical simulations. The model is compared with an earlier thermodynamic model of dusty plasma proposed by Hamaguchi and Farouki.
Understanding the Transport Mechanism of Paleo-deposits in the Sonoran Desert with Grain Size Distribution and Shape Analysis

About tens of meters thick fine sand and silt deposits are observed at the top of the sedimentary logs of hundreds of drilling wells throughout Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona, USA, situated in north-central Sonoran Desert, and likely deposited after ~ 836ka. A hypothesis to explain the paleo-deposits is that the deposits are a wind-blown deposits derived from the floodplains of nearby rivers developed in response to the aeolian-fluvial interactions. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct paleoenvironment and to understand the processes of transport and deposition of the paleo-deposits using modern analogues. This is accomplished via the identification of the paleo-deposits by comparison with modern source-bordering dune sediments and fluvial sediments using the analyses of grain size distribution and grain shape parameters. Overall, the results of sediment drift potential, grain size distribution and shape analyses provide evidence to support the hypothesis, and the deposition of the paleo-deposits may be related with the change of regional climates. Grain shape parameters may better reflect the mechanism of transport when grains traveled over short distance. Given the advantage, the grain shape analysis may provide a new insight to solve the issue associated with the provenance of Korean loess-like sediments whether it was originated from far-distant the Chinese Loess Plateau and peripheral areas or from nearby floodplains of local river or from exposed fine materials in the Yellow Sea.
The Effect of "Cleome droserifolia" Extract Versus Stem Cells Therapy on The Changes Induced by ʎ-Cyhalothrin in Male Albino Rats

ʎ-cyhalothrin (LCT) is pyrethroid insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Cleome droserifolia extract (CDE) is a potential antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to generate multiple distinct cell lineages. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of CDE and MSCs, separately on LCT-induced changes in male rats. Seventy adult male albino rats were divided into seven groups: group I: served as control; group II: received LCT i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received CDE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received CDE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of LCT (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to LCT (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the CDE daily for 8 weeks; group VI: rats injected (i.v.) with a single dose of MSCs (1x10 6 cells/cm 2 saline), then received dose of LCT (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks and group VII: rats received dose of LCT (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then injected (i.v.) with a single dose of MSCs. Results showed that, LCT caused significant reduction in the body and testis weight, and markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility and abnormality). Also, LCT elicited significant declines in serum testosterone, whereas, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly increased. Compared to LCT-treated animals, CDE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of body and testis weights, sperm indices and sexual hormones. However, CDE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring LCT induced morphological and biochemical alterations. Transplantation of MSCs as being a therapy after LCT intoxication showed significant improvement in the activity of all parameters rather than their protective effect which showed minimal protection against LCT. In conclusion, data of this study revealed that the protective by CDE and therapeutic by MSCs are more effective than therapeutic by CDE and protective by MSCs in ameliorating LCT-induced testicular damage and improvement of male fertility and reproductive functions.