Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A robust high-speed sliding mode control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on simplified hysteresis current comparison

A robust high-speed sliding mode control (SMC) of three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is presented. The SMC served for inner speed control while a simplified hysteresis current control (HCC) scheme was used in the outer current control to generate gating signals for the inverter switches. The present research leverages on the ability of SMC to directly access system speed error which it attempts driving to zero by cancelling modelling uncertainties and disturbances. Performance comparison was done for the SMC model and an existing model having classical PI controller. With the initial positive speed command of 200 rpm at 5 Nm constant loading, rotor speed with SMC neatly settled to the reference speed at 0.085 seconds without overshoot while the rotor speed of the model with PI controller settled at 0.217 seconds after overshoot. This translates to 155.3% speed enhancement. Similar superior speed performance of the SMC was also observed during recovering from sudden speed reversal. While the SMC model recovered and settled to the reference speed of -200 rpm at 0.369 seconds, the model with PI controller settled at 0.482 seconds. From the results, it can be seen that SMC demonstared superiority over the conventioanl PI controller for complex drives systems.
Women’s empowerment and unmet needs for family planning in Indonesia

The unmet needs target at 9.9 percent from 2015-2019 The National Medium-Term Development Plan has not been achieved. The 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) show that unmet needs were 10.6 percent. Unmet needs are factors causing unwanted pregnancy, which can cause maternal morbidity and mortality; to improve maternal health, that is necessary to address women’s empowerment, which is the fifth objective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to study the relationship between women’s empowerment on the unmet needs in Indonesia. This study uses data from the 2017 IDHS. The analysis unit is fecund women who were married and required family planning involving observations of 26,249 individuals. The analytical methods used are binary and multinomial logit regression. The results showed that the components of women’s empowerment had a statistically significant effect on all unmet needs categories, namely women’s work participation, level of knowledge, participation in household decision making, and asset ownership. Women’s work participation, level of knowledge, and asset ownership negatively affect unmet needs. Participation in household decision making has a positive effect on unmet needs. Meanwhile, attitude toward wife-beating has no significant effect on all unmet needs categories.
Group exercise membership is associated with forms of social support, exercise identity, and amount of physical activity

ABSTRACT Exploring whether the mechanisms underlying the positive relationship between group exercise and physical activity are forms of social support – emotional, validation, informational, instrumental, and companionship and exercise identity. Participants (n = 506; M age = 34.3) completed a 235-item questionnaire assessing physical activity, exercise identity, social support, and other determinants of physical activity. Exploratory path analysis was used to model group exercise membership, forms of social support, exercise identity, and metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes/wk. Women and men had similar yet varying results. For women, group exercise membership was significantly associated with MET-minutes/wk (β = 0.11) and exercise identity (β = 0.17). There was a significant association between exercise identity and MET-minutes/wk (β = 0.38). Women perceived belonging to an exercise group provides emotional (β = 0.36), validation (β = 0.25), informational (β = 0.35), instrumental (β = 0.19), and companionship (β = 0.46) support. Validation (β = 0.11), informational (β = 0.21), and companionship (B = 0.17) were significantly associated with exercise identity for women. For men, group exercise membership was not significantly associated with MET-minutes/wk or exercise identity. Exercise identity was significantly associated with MET-minutes/wk (β = 0.46). Men perceived belonging to their group provides emotional (β = 0.31), validation (β = 0.32), informational (β = 0.33), and companionship (β = 0.34). Validation (β = 0.22), informational (β = 0.30), and emotional (β = 0.23) were significantly associated with exercise identity for men. Belonging to an exercise group is associated with forms of social support that strengthen exercise identity.
Microwave Absorption Properties of PTFE Using T/R Rectangular Waveguide, Nicholson-Rose-Weir, and Finite Element Method

In this manuscript, the S-parameters, reflection and transmission coefficients, of PTFE at different thicknesses for microwave absorption applications were investigated in conjunction with WR90 T/R rectangular waveguide. Subsequently, the reflection and absorption shielding effectiveness SER and SEA values were calculated using the measured S-parameters values, in which an inversely proportional relation was found. Furthermore, using Nicholson-Rose-Weir (NRW) and Finite Element Method (FEM) approaches, the measured S-parameters were validated. Herein, the mean relative errors were calculated; in particular, it was found that the FEM delivers an upright agreement with the measured data in comparison to the utilized NRW. This suggests the usefulness of the FEM approach as a low-cost alternative for the actual laboratory investigation.
Flows in horizontal thermohaline convection with differential diffusion

Oceanographers use the term “differential diffusion” to express a greater value of bulk turbulent diffusivity of temperature within the ocean than the value of bulk diffusivity of salinity, the ratio quantified by Lewis number. Investigation of horizontal thermohaline convection at Prandtl number 1 and infinity over the range reveals a variety of new flow patterns. The chamber has a linearly changing temperature T and salinity S along the top extending from the cold, fresh “polar” end to the hot, salty “tropics” end. It has an aspect ratio of 8 and sides and bottom are insulated and impermeable. Five transition flow patterns occur with little hysteresis for a fixed salinity Rayleigh number Ras of order 105 as Rayleigh number Ra changes from 3.2 × 106 down to 1. They are: 1. A steady T-cell with sinking at the cold end flowing into a bottom flow that feeds up into a top thermal boundary layer. 2. Salty blobs in the boundary layer that amplify and move from the hot to cold end. Each cold end arrival triggers a sudden increase in overturning velocity. 3. A “stripes” pattern where top to bottom cells (alternating T and S cells) move toward the cold end. 4. An S-cell that is a mirror image of the T-cell near the top along with small T-cells lying at the bottom that move toward the cold end 5. A steady S-cell. Each pattern has a distinct volumetric signature in a T-S diagram. Ranges of Ra with various patterns are sizeable at Ras=7.5 × 105 if Le >4/3 but insensitive to Pr. Balanced convection at Ra = Ras >106 adopts a large unsteady supercell containing smaller T and S cells. Exact ranges of the supercell are unknown. Since differential diffusion produces a large collection of flows compared to thermal convection alone, it might produce unexpected new results if added into numerical models of the ocean.
Vitamin D supplementation and body composition changes in collegiate basketball players: a 12-week randomized control trial

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin D promotes bone and muscle growth in non-athletes, suggesting supplementation may be ergogenic in athletes. Our primary aim was to determine if modest Vitamin D supplementation augments favorable body composition changes (increased bone and lean mass and decreased fat mass) and performance in collegiate basketball players following 12 weeks of standardized training. Methods Members of a men’s and women’s NCAA D1 Basketball team were recruited. Volunteers were randomized to receive either a weekly 4000 IU Vitamin D3 supplement (D3) or placebo (P) over 12 weeks of standardized pre-season strength training. Pre- and post-measurements included 1) serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D); 2) body composition variables (total body lean, fat, and bone mass) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and 3) vertical jump test to assess peak power output. Dietary intake was assessed using Food Frequency questionnaires. Main outcome measures included changes (∆: post-intervention minus pre-intervention) in 25(OH)D, body composition, and performance. Results Eighteen of the 23 players completed the trial (8 females/10 males). Eight received the placebo (20 ± 1 years; 3 females) while ten received Vitamin D3 (20 ± 2 years; 5 females). Weekly Vitamin D3 supplementation induced non-significant increases (∆) in 25(OH)D (2.6 ± 7.2 vs. −3.5 ± 5.3 ng/mL; p = 0.06), total body bone mineral content (BMC) (73.1 ± 62.5 vs. 84.1 ± 46.5 g; p = 0.68), and total body lean mass (2803.9 ± 1655.4 vs. 4474.5 ± 11,389.8 g; p = 0.03), plus a non-significant change in body fat (−0.5 ± 0.8 vs. −1.1 ± 1.2%; p = 0.19) (Vitamin D3 vs. placebo supplementation groups, respectively). Pre 25(OH)D correlated with both Δ total fat mass (g) (r = 0.65; p = 0.003) and Δ total body fat% (r = 0.56; p = 0.02). No differences were noted in peak power output ∆ between the D3 vs. P group (−127.4 ± 335.4 vs. 50.9 ± 9 W; NS). Participants in the D3 group ingested significantly fewer total calories (−526.2 ± 583.9 vs. −10.0 ± 400 kcals; p = 0.02) than participants in the P group. Conclusions Modest (~517 IU/day) Vitamin D3 supplementation did not enhance favorable changes in total body composition or performance, over 3 months of training, in collegiate basketball players. Weight training provides a robust training stimulus for bone and lean mass accrual, which likely predominates over isolated supplement use with adequate caloric intakes.
Implementation of e-modules endocrine system based of problem based learning to improve students’ creative thinking skills and cognitive learning outcomes

This research is about the implementation of e-module based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) to knows the creative thinking skills and cognitive learning outcomes. Creative thinking skills are skills in 21st century learning to measure students’ learning problem-solving abilities. The research method used was a pre-experimental one-group pretest- posttest design in the Endocrinology class, biology study program, State University of Malang. The results of the study were seen from the acquisition of pretest and posttest scores for the experimental class. The average pretest score for creative thinking skills was 51.7 and the posttest average score was 72.1 with a gain score of 0.39. The mean value of the pretest cognitive learning outcomes 34.4 and the average posttest 63.3 with gain value of 0.4. The results showed that the implementation of PBL-based e-module could improve students’ creative thinking skills and cognitive learning outcomes in biology students’ endocrinology material.
Illiquidity and the Theory of the Firm: An Exploration of a New Perspective

Illiquidity has a negative connotation (Tirole (2011)). We focus on the neglected 'bright' side of illiquidity: glue. We argue that the economic forces leading to or supporting illiquidity are key to the theory of the firm. Accumulated skills of agents are always threatened by competition. Firms emerge as powerful solutions to these problems, since they may be interpreted as tools to mutually insure economic agents temporarily from competition by providing a short-term stable but long-term fragile environment built on illiquid resources. In short: firms can be interpreted as illiquid, self-enforcing entities.
Can a superabsorbent polymer help remediate compaction in frigid, semiarid soils? – a laboratory evaluation on soil physical processes

Abstract Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) absorb more water than their mass. When applied to frigid, semiarid soils, they may modify physical processes and amplify winter freezing-thawing effects for remediating compaction. If so, SAPs may be an effective amendment in reclamation projects. Laboratory tests evaluated SAPs influences on setting antecedent soil moisture and mechanical conditions prior to freezing-thawing. This was done by evaluating evaporation characteristics, water retention, and Atterberg limits on five soil series of differing textures as affected by SAP application rates (0, 40, 80, and 200 mg SAP kg−1 dry soil). Then, soil columns with and without freeze-thaw cycles were evaluated for each SAP rate to determine if SAP amplified freezing-thawing to remediate compaction. This was done by observing changes in soil bulk density, peak penetration resistance, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) as indicators of compaction. Results demonstrated that increasing SAP rates significantly decreased evaporative water losses, increased water retention, and increased the liquid limit. In a field setting, these trends would set antecedent soil conditions that favor the remediation of compaction during subsequent winter freeze-thaw cycles. Results also demonstrated that SAP significantly affected the freezing-thawing process on some indicators of soil compaction. Increases in SAP rates significantly decreased peak penetration resistance, had mixed effects on Ksat, but no effect on bulk density. This suggests particle rearrangement is occurring internally (i.e., aggregation) even though changes in bulk density are not evident. Application of SAP appears to have potential for amplifying the remediation of soil compaction during winter in frigid, semiarid environments.
Level of sustainability awareness: where are the students’ positions?

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is a concern for not only Indonesian government but also worldwide. To create sustainable education, every individual has the responsibility to keep ESD as valuable capital for today’s and future generations. The aim of this study to get information on the level of awareness about sustainability in protecting planet Earth. In addition, This study aims to work out the extent of sustainable awareness within the concept of sustainable development education among pre-service physics teacher based on gender at one of the universities in Tasikmalaya. Data collection was administered employing a closed questionnaire. The results showed that the sustainability awareness of students with an average value of 0.77 was in the high criteria. However, the sustainability practice awareness category includes the standards of rarely done. In addition, the sustainability awareness of female students is relatively higher compared to male students with percentage ratio of 78.1% and 75.5%. In conclusion, although they have a high level of sustainability awareness, students are “still less effective” in the category of “sustainability practice awareness with performance” and “practice some attitudes in making practices that support sustainable development”.
An Empirical Study of Starting Salaries and Employment Trends of Engineering Students in India

: This paper presents an empirical study of a recently compiled workforce analytics data-set modeling employment outcomes of Engineering students. The contributions reported in this paper won the data challenge of the ACM IKDD 2016 Conference on Data Science. Two problems are addressed - regression using heterogeneous information types and the extraction of insights/trends from data to make recommendations; these goals are supported by a range of visualizations. Whereas the data-set is specific to a nation, the underlying techniques and visualization methods are generally applicable. Gaussian processes are proposed to model and predict salary as a function of heterogeneous independent attributes. Key novelties the GP approach brings to the domain of understanding workforce analytics are (a) statistically sound notion of uncertainty of prediction that is data dependent, (b) automatic relevance determination of various independent attributes to the dependent variable (salary),(c) seamless incorporation of both numeric and string attributes within the same regression frame- work without dichotomization; specifically, string attributes include single-word or categorical (e.g. gender) or nominal attributes (e.g. college tier) or multi-word attributes (e.g. specialization) and (d) treatment of all data as being correlated towards making predictions. Insights from both predictive modeling approaches and data analysis were used to suggest factors, that if improved, might lead to better starting salaries for Engineering students. A range of visualization techniques were used to extract key employment patterns from the data. dataset Aspiring Minds (2015) contains background information about engineering candidates and their employment outcomes. A number of parametric, non-parametric and machine learning methods were attempted towards predicting salary for job-candidates, given their background information. This paper reports the use of Gaussian processes to model salaries; it demonstrates the use of kernels as a means of integrating heterogeneous background information types. The technique is new to the domain of workforce analytics. The paper also presents several insightful trends observed from the data and makes recommendations for candidates seeking higher starting salaries. This paper thus views the workforce- analytics / labour market / student salary expectation problem from a data science perspective; it reports on the application of a state-of-the-art probabilistic modeling approach to the problem and trends that are intended to enable the Engineering student population of India.
Challenges and Opportunities in Wheat Flour, Pasta, Bread, and Bakery Product Production Chains: A Systematic Review of Innovations and Improvement Strategies to Increase Sustainability, Productivity, and Product Quality

Pasta, bread, and bakery products are considered worldwide as essential foods for human nutrition. In particular, ancient wheats and whole wheat flours, despite being able to provide health benefits via bioactive compounds, present significant technological problems related to poorer dough rheological properties and final product characteristics. Moreover, both the food industry and consumers are increasingly sensitive to environmental impacts, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable innovations and improvement strategies, from cradle to grave, for the entire production chains, thus motivating this review. The aim of this review is to provide technological innovations and improvement strategies to increase the sustainability, productivity, and quality of flours, pasta, bread, and bakery products. This review is focused on the main operations of the production chains (i.e., wheat cultivation, wheat milling, dough processing, and, finally, the manufacturing of pasta, bread, and bakery products). To achieve this goal, the use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) analysis proved to be an effective tool that can be used, from early stages, for the development of eco-friendly improvement strategies. The correct management of the wheat cultivation stage was found to be essential since it represents the most impacting phase for the environment. Successively, particular attention needs to be paid to the milling process, the kneading phase, to breadmaking, and, finally, to the manufacturing of pasta. In this review, several specifically developed solutions for these essential phases were suggested. In conclusion, despite further investigations being necessary, this review provided several innovations and improvement strategies, using an approach “from cradle to grave”, able to increase the sustainability, productivity, and final quality of flour, semolina, pasta, bread, and bakery products.
Academic Staff in the Context of Known Theories of Motivation

: Purpose: The main goal of the research is to identify the motivators used in the work of public university employees in relation to known theories of motivation, and to determine the importance of individual motivators for their involvement in work. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses qualitative research with the participation of experts and quantitative research using a survey among academic staff. Data analysis was made in the context of three theories of motivation and a simplified structure of the studied motivators was established during the analysis of factors. Findings: The research results indicated that motivators connected with the theory of self-determination (SDT) and Herzberg's theory (HT) are of the greatest importance for the involvement of academic staff in Polish universities. Motivators that result from the internal motivation of an academic staff member should be most often used in universities. The most important for scientists are motivators regarding mutual internal relations (superiors, colleagues, administration) or organization of working time and job security. In another important motivating group for academic staff, there were motivators related to funding scientific research and access to knowledge. Practical Implications: Applying an appropriate motivation system in universities is not possible without knowledge of the theory of motivating people. A properly applied motivator can improve the effectiveness of scientists' work, which in turn increases the ranking of universities in terms of competitiveness with others. Therefore, it is important to construct an appropriate incentive system, adequate to the needs and capabilities of employers, and at the same time meeting the expectations of employees. Originality/value: The article presents an attempt to match the identified motivators to individual motivation theories. In addition, the importance of individual motivators in relation to these theories and their application was determined.
Social interaction in males of the Amazon river prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

The large size variation of Macrobrachium amazonicum reflects a complex population structure that consists of four morphotypes, called TC (Translucent Claw), CC (Cinnamon Claw), GC1 (Green Claw 1), and GC2 (Green Claw 2). The effect of the largest morphotype (GC2) claws on development and behaviour of the smallest male morphotype (TC) was analysed through manipulations of the large prawn’s second pair of claws. TC males were paired for 75 days in aquaria with (a) an intact GC2, (b) a GC2 with immobilized dactyls, and (c) a GC2 without chelipeds. Isolated TC males served as a control. The maintenance activities of TC males and social interactions with the GC2 morphotype were monitored. Survival and growth of TC males was lower in relation to the control when they were paired with intact GC2 males. Aggressive interactions were carried out almost exclusively by GC2 and strongly affected the behaviour of the small prawns. The absence of chelipeds and immobilization of dactyls in GC2 prawns reduced the negative effect on the development of TC males and agonistic behaviour. The social interactions between GC2 and TC prawns reflect a stable dominance hierarchy. The large claw of the GC2 morphotype plays a major role in the social interaction.