Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topographic anatomy and vascularization of the glandula thyroidea in rats

Topographical anatomy and detailed measurements of the glandula thyroidea (thyroid gland) and the glandula parathyroidea (parathyroid gland) were determined in rats, with significant differences identified between the sexes. In the rats (N = 10 male, 10 female), the glandula thyroidea were positioned at the level of the C1 and C2 vertebrae. One glandula parathyroidea was present in each glandula thyroidea lobe, localized in the cranial part of the lateral lobes in 60% of the animals. There was no glandula thyroidea left lobe in one female and no isthmus in two females. Both the A. thyroidea cranialis and the A. pharyngea ascendens originated from the A. carotis externa, which acted as a common trunk. On the left, the A. thyroidea caudalis originated from the truncus brachiocephalicus in all rats and on the right side was found to originate from both the truncus costocervicalis and the A. subclavia dextra in three females, and only from the truncus costocervicalis in seven females. The V. thyroidea cranialis opened into the V. jugularis interna in the neck region and at the level of the apertura thoracis cranialis, and the V. jugularis interna united with the V. thyroidea caudalis. In addition, on the right, the V. thyroidea cranialis joined the V. jugularis interna, at the level of the A. subclavia. The veins on both sides opened into the V. cava cranialis. Significant differences were observed between the sexes and detailed anatomical analysis of the glandula thyroidea and the glandula parathyroidea, and related vasculature and innervation, have been described in this paper.
Autistic characteristics and mental health symptoms in autistic youth during the first COVID‐19 wave in Canada

Autistic youth are at heightened risk for mental health issues, and pandemic‐related stressors may exacerbate this risk. This study (1) described caregiver‐reported youth mental health prior to and during the pandemic; and (2) explored individual, caregiver, and environmental factors associated with changes in autistic characteristics, social–emotional symptoms, and overall mental health. 582 caregivers of autistic children (2–18 years old) completed an online survey between June and July 2020 in which they provided demographic information, their child's pre‐COVID and current mental health, autistic characteristics, and social–emotional symptoms. Caregivers also rated their own perceived stress, and COVID‐related household and service disruption. According to caregivers, youth experienced more autistic characteristics and social–emotional concerns during the pandemic. Autistic youth were also reported to experience poorer overall mental health during the pandemic than before the pandemic. Older youth whose caregiver's indicated higher perceived stress and greater household disruption were reported to experience more autistic traits during pandemic. Caregiver‐reported increases in youth social–emotional symptoms (i.e., behavior problems, anxiety, and low mood) was associated with being older, the presence of a pre‐existing mental health condition, higher caregiver stress, and greater household and service disruption. Finally, experiencing less household financial hardship prior to COVID‐19, absence of a pre‐existing psychiatric condition, less caregiver stress, and less service disruption were associated with better youth pandemic mental health. Strategies to support the autistic community during and following the pandemic need to be developed. The developmental‐ecological factors identified in this study could help target support strategies to those autistic youth who are most vulnerable to mental health problems.
The Emergence of Magnetic Flux Loops in Sunlike Stars

We explore the latitude of emergence of flux tubes at the surface of G stars as a function of the rotation rate, magnetic flux, and injection latitude at the bottom of the convective zone. Our analysis is based on a thin flux tube evolution code that has been developed to study the emergence of magnetic flux in the Sun and is well calibrated by detailed comparisons with solar observations. We study solar models with rotation rates between and 10 times solar, injection latitudes ϕI between 1° and 40°, and tubes with a range of field strengths, B0, and fluxes. For our range of input parameters, we find that the mean latitude of emergence, ⟨ϕE⟩, increases and its range decreases with higher rotation rates, that ϕE ≤ 45° for stars with rotational periods ≥27 days, that ϕE increases with B0 in rapid rotators, while the reverse is true for slow rotators, that the dependence of ϕE on B0 decreases with increasing ϕI, that tubes with higher flux emerge at larger ϕE, and that the footpoint separation depends linearly on B0. We compare our results to other calculations and with observations of magnetic features on stars and suggest future observations and extensions of this research. Our results suggest that for near-polar starspots to occur, either active stars must have a larger range of ϕI than inferred for the Sun, or differential rotation and meridional flows are more important for magnetic flux redistribution in these stars. Our models also imply that flux appearing near the equator of active stars may be generated by a distributed, rather than a boundary layer, dynamo.
Decreased Hepatic Steatosis in South African Adolescents With Perinatal HIV Switching to Dolutegravir-containing Regimens

Background: Although dolutegravir (DTG) has a favorable metabolic profile, it has been linked to excess weight gain. We evaluated changes in hepatic steatosis in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV switching to DTG-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Virologically suppressed adolescents switched to dolutegravir for a minimum of 4 months or on unchanged ART (84% protease inhibitor) were assessed prospectively with anthropometry, transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and fasting metabolic profiles. ART regimens were determined independently of the study. Results: In total 68 adolescents [baseline median age 13.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 12.5–14.4 years]; 42 (62%) female] were recruited. However, 38 remained on the same regimen and were followed for a median of 98 weeks (IQR: 48–108 weeks), and 30 switched to DTG and were followed for a median of 52 weeks (IQR: 49–101). There was no baseline difference in CAP between groups. There was no significant change in body mass index z-score in either group, but the median CAP in the DTG group decreased by −40dB/m (IQR: −51 to −31 dB/m) after a median of 44 weeks (IQR: 28–50 weeks) on DTG, compared to +1dB/m (IQR: −29 to +14 dB/m) in adolescents not switched (P < 0.01). Cholesterol and triglycerides were lower in those switched. Whereas hepatic steatosis prevalence decreased from 17% to 3% in adolescents who switched to dolutegravir, its prevalence doubled from 8% to 16% in those not switched (P = 0.1). Conclusions: In this exploratory study, adolescents switched to DTG-containing regimens had reduced hepatic steatosis, cholesterol and triglycerides with no excess weight gain compared to those on unchanged ART.
Early childhood tracking application: Correspondence between crowd-based developmental percentiles and clinical tools

Barriers to child developmental screening lead to delayed diagnosis and intervention. babyTRACKS, a mobile application for tracking developmental milestones, presents parents their child’s percentiles computed relative to crowd-based data. This study evaluated correspondence between crowd-based percentiles and traditional development measures. Research analyzed babyTRACKS diaries of 1951 children. Parents recorded attainment age for milestones across Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Language, Cognitive, and Social domains. Fifty-seven parents completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), and 13 families participated in the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) expert assessment. Crowd-based percentiles were compared with: Centers for Disease Control (CDC) norms for comparable milestones, ASQ-3 and MSEL scores. babyTRACKS percentiles correlated with the percentage of unmet CDC milestones, and with higher ASQ-3 and MSEL scores across several domains. Children who did not meet CDC age thresholds had lower babyTRACKS percentiles by about 20 points and those at ASQ-3 risk had lower babyTRACKS Fine Motor and Language scores. Repeated measures tests showed significantly higher MSEL versus babyTRACKS percentiles in the Language domain. Although ages and milestones in diary varied, the app percentiles corresponded with traditional measures, particularly in fine motor and language domains. Future research is needed for determining referral thresholds while minimizing false alarms.
Women’s and Men’s Status: Revisiting the Relationship Between Gender Equality and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Europe

The first European Union Survey on Violence against Women (EU-VAW) released in 2014 revealed the unexpected result indicating that the world’s most egalitarian countries have relatively high rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW). This phenomenon, referred to as the “Nordic Paradox,” revived a heated, intermittently ongoing discussion dating back four decades where several competing hypotheses about the relationship between gender inequality and IPVAW have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. The main aim of this paper is to revisit the most important of such hypotheses proposed in the last four decades, while proposing a new one that could potentially throw some light on understanding the “Nordic Paradox. ” Multilevel linear regression models are estimated using data from the EU-VAW survey conducted in 2012, and an alternative operationalization of the Gender Equality Index (GEI) (our measure of gender equality). We did not find any significant effect of gender equality on IPVAW repetition. However, we found that higher country-level status of women and men go together with less IPVAW, with a larger effect of women’s status in economic domains compared to the impact of men’s economic status, and a larger effect of men’s overall status. These findings support the Marxist feminist hypothesis, stating that women’s absolute status in the economic and labor domain is critical in lessening IPVAW, as women’s real and potential access to resources is key for leaving a violent relationship. At the same time, our results support the “male privilege protection” hypothesis, which states that gains in women’s status in certain domains—such as in the economic sphere considering our results for the European Union—would not suppose a threat to men, allowing ameliorative effects. In contrast, if the overall status of men is threatened, backlash effects would be triggered.
Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: effect on quality of life after 3 years – a prospective cohort study

Background: The impact of parathyroidectomy (PTX) for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) on long-term quality of life (QoL) remains controversial. The study evaluated QoL changes 1 and 3 years after PTX. Materials and Methods: Patients undergoing PTX for PHPT between 2016 and 2022 (n=329) were enrolled in this monocentric, prospective cohort study. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire before, 1 year, and 3 years after PTX and compared with an age-matched and sex-matched French reference population. Only patients with 1-year and 3-year follow-up and complete evaluation (serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone) were included. Results: A total of 159 patients were included (mean age: 62.6±12.7 years, 79.2% females). Mean serum calcium (2.66±0.20 mmol/l) and median parathyroid hormone (96.4 [76.9−126.4] pg/ml) levels improved significantly after PTX. Before surgery, PHPT patients had impaired physical (44.6±8.9 vs. 47.6±6.8 in the reference population, P<0.001) and mental (42.3±10.9 vs. 48.9±6.8, P<0.001) component scores. The mean physical component score increased significantly at 1 and 3 years and was no longer different from the reference population (ratio: 0.94±0.15 preoperatively vs. 0.99±0.15 at 3 years, P<0.01). The mean mental component score increased significantly at 1 and 3 years, but remained significantly lower than the reference population. Before surgery, a lower physical component score and younger age were significantly associated with a 3-year physical component score increase on multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: A significant improvement in QoL is associated with PTX for PHPT at 1 year and is sustained for at least 3 years after surgery.
The Genetic Variation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replicase Protein nsp2 Modulates Viral Virulence and Persistence

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been a major threat to the world swine industry. In the field, rapid genetic variations (e.g., deletion, mutation, recombination, etc.) within the nsp2 region present an intriguing conundrum to PRRSV biology and pathogenesis. ABSTRACT Fast evolution in the field of the replicase nsp2 represents a most prominent feature of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Here, we determined its biological significance in viral pathogenesis by constructing interlineage chimeric mutants between the Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strain JXwn06 (lineage 8) and the low-virulent NADC30-like strain CHsx1401 (lineage 1). Replacement with nsp2 from JXwn06 was surprisingly lethal to the backbone virus CHsx1401, but combined substitution with the structural protein-coding region (SP) gave rise to viable virus CHsx1401-SPnsp2JX. Meanwhile, a derivative carrying only the SP region (CHsx1401-SPJX) served as a control. Subsequent animal experiments revealed that acquisition of SP alone (CHsx1401-SPJX) did not allow CHsx1401 to gain much virulence, but additional swapping of HP-PRRSV nsp2 (CHsx1401-SPnsp2JX) enabled CHsx1401 to acquire some properties of HP-PRRSV, exemplified by prolonged high fever, microscopic lung hemorrhage, and a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the acute stage. Consistent with this was the transcriptomic analysis of persistently infected secondary lymphoid tissues that revealed a much stronger induction of host cellular immune responses in this group and identified several core immune genes (e.g., TLR4, IL-1β, MPO, etc.) regulated by HP-PRRSV nsp2. Interestingly, immune activation status in the individual groups correlated well with the rate of viremia clearance and viral tissue load reduction. Overall, the above results suggest that the Chinese HP-PRRSV nsp2 is a critical virulence regulator and highlight the importance of nsp2 genetic variation in modulating PRRSV virulence and persistence via immune modulation. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been a major threat to the world swine industry. In the field, rapid genetic variations (e.g., deletion, mutation, recombination, etc.) within the nsp2 region present an intriguing conundrum to PRRSV biology and pathogenesis. By making chimeric mutants, here, we show that the Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) nsp2 is a virulence factor and a much stronger inducer of host immune responses (e.g., inflammation) than its counterpart, currently epidemic, NADC30-like strains. Differences in the ability to modulate host immunity provide insight into the mechanisms of why NADC30-like strains and their derivatives are rising to be the dominant viruses, whereas the Chinese HP-PRRSV strains gradually give away center stage in the field. Our results have important implications in understanding PRRSV evolution, interlineage recombination, and persistence.
Tamoxifen use and risk of endometrial cancer in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis

Worse prognosis of endometrial cancers (EC) in tamoxifen‐treated women compared to non‐tamoxifen‐treated women been proposed. The relationship between tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer (BC) and the risk of EC is controversial and there is no agreement between publication results on this issue (the answer to all comments provided in the page 2 of manuscript). The aim of this study is investigation the association between tamoxifen treatment and the risk of EC in patients with BC.
Dark current in multilayer amorphous selenium x-ray imaging detectors

A theoretical model for describing the bias-dependent transient behavior of dark current in multilayer (n-i-p) amorphous selenium (a-Se) detectors has been developed. The transient dark currents in these detectors are measured and are compared to the proposed dark current model. It has been found that the dark current is mainly controlled by Schottky emission of holes from the metal/a-Se contact. The initial and steady state dark currents are mainly controlled by the barrier height and the trap centers in the n layer, respectively.
Effects of Orthopedic Manual Therapy on Pain Sensitization in Patients With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Objective The aim of this umbrella review with meta-meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of orthopedic manual therapy in isolation on pain sensitization in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Design A systematic search was performed in different databases including systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. The outcome measures included were pressure pain threshold, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation. The results of the different reviews were statistically synthesized through a random-effect meta-analysis, of all standardized mean differences and the corresponding 95% confidence interval reported by each study. Results For mechanical hyperalgesia, the meta-meta-analysis of three meta-analyses revealed a statistically significant small-moderate effect of orthopedic manual therapy, with no evidence of heterogeneity and moderate-quality evidence. In terms of temporal summation, one meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant small effect of orthopedic manual therapy intervention, with moderate heterogeneity and low quality of evidence. Finally, one review without meta-analysis found that orthopedic manual therapy improved endogenous analgesia with low-quality evidence. Conclusion Orthopedic manual therapy in isolation improved mechanical hyperalgesia with moderate-quality evidence, as well as temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation with low-quality evidence. However, its effects are limited only to immediate and short-term.
Infrared Molecular Spectroscopy toward the Orion IRc2 and IRc7 Sources: A New Probe of Physical Conditions and Abundances in Molecular Clouds

We have observed infrared absorption lines of C 2 H 2 , HCN, OCS, CO, and NH 3 toward the infrared cluster in the Orion molecular cloud. We have detected many lines at 13.5 μm in the ν 5 vibrational band of C 2 H 2 toward IRc2 and IRc7. Based on the relative line strengths and our detection of several 13 CCH 2 lines, we believe that the lines are narrow (Gaussian dispersion, σ v ∼1 km s −1 ) and saturated
High levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced likelihood of depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women

ABSTRACT Depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women are a significant concern, but studies evaluated their relationship with menopausal symptoms and physical activity are limited. This cross-sectional study used the scale of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the modified Kupperman Index (KMI) to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms, menopausal symptoms, and physical activity in postmenopausal women in Hunan Province, using cluster random sampling, and face-to-face interviews with women aged 50–64 years. The moderate (aOR = 2.242, 95 percent CI [1.646–3.052], P < .001) and severe menopausal symptoms (aOR = 3.654, 95 percent CI [1.754–7.611], P = .001), and low-level physical activity (aOR = 1.380, 95 percentCI [1.023–1.826], P = .035) may increase the risk of depressive symptoms. High levels of physical activity were associated with a decreased likelihood of depressive symptoms, but only when participants had no complaints of menopausal symptoms (aOR = 0.375, 95 percent CI [0.161–0.877], P = .024). This study provides a new result for the mental health of postmenopausal women and provides a reference for further related research.
Grandchildren of grandparents with Alzheimer’s disease: Exploratory study of the impact of the disease on their relationships

The aim of this study was to describe the perception of changes that Alzheimer’s disease in grandparents has made to the relationship with their grandchildren of between 6 and 13. Qualitative methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 25 grandchildren living in Catalonia, Spain. Participants reported a change in roles from being the care receiver to being the caregiver, changes in the activities that they did together and a positive impact on the grandparent’s emotional wellbeing. In the physical sphere, sleeping problems were reported in grandchildren that cohabited with their grandparents. The feelings they described include fear of not being recognized by their grandparents and sadness, as well as satisfaction resulting from their affection and participating in caring. These findings suggest the need to provide information and resources for grandchildren and their families to enable them to deal with the disease.
Residual Empirical Processes and Weighted Sums for Time‐Varying Processes with Applications to Testing for Homoscedasticity

In the context of heteroscedastic time‐varying autoregressive (AR)‐process we study the estimation of the error/innovation distributions. Our study reveals that the non‐parametric estimation of the AR parameter functions has a negligible asymptotic effect on the estimation of the empirical distribution of the residuals even though the AR parameter functions are estimated non‐parametrically. The derivation of these results involves the study of both function‐indexed sequential residual empirical processes and weighted sum processes. Exponential inequalities and weak convergence results are derived.
Research trends and hotspots of mesenchymal stromal cells in intervertebral disc degeneration: a scientometric analysis

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are important potential candidates for regenerative therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). This scientometric study aimed to summarize the main research trends, identify current research hotspots, and measure the networks of the contributors and their scientific productivity. A total of 1102 publications regarding MSC in IDD were recognized from January 2000 to April 2022. The number of records every year followed an overall uptrend with fluctuations. The main trend of research demonstrated the practice of gradually applying MSC-based therapy to IDD with the assistance of advances in biomaterials and IDD pathology. A recent focus on MSC-derived exosomes and notochordal cells was detected. The basic studies in this field were mainly contributed to by Japan, the USA, and European countries, while China dominated in the number of recent publications. Tokai University with Daisuke Sakai was the most productive contributor. Cell biology, tissue engineering, and biomaterials were the categories with deep engagement in research of this field.