Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sodium Nitrite Attenuates Reduced Activity of Vascular Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Vascular Hyper-Reactivity and Increased Systolic Blood Pressure Induced by the Placental Ischemia Model of Preeclampsia in Anesthetized Rats

Preeclampsia is a maternal hypertension disorder associated with vascular dysfunction and fetal and placental growth restrictions. Placental ischemia is suggested as the primary trigger of preeclampsia-associated impairments of both endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and the vascular activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure (RUPP) is a placental ischemia model of preeclampsia. Reduction of sodium nitrite to NO may occur during ischemic conditions. However, sodium nitrite effects in the RUPP model of preeclampsia have not yet been investigated. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: normotensive pregnant rats (Norm-Preg), pregnant rats treated with sodium nitrite (Preg + Nitrite), preeclamptic rats (RUPP), and preeclamptic rats treated with sodium nitrite (RUPP + Nitrite). Maternal blood pressure and fetal and placental parameters were recorded. Vascular function, circulating NO metabolites, and the gelatinolytic activity of vascular MMP-2 were also examined. Sodium nitrite attenuates increased blood pressure, prevents fetal and placental weight loss, counteracts vascular hyper-reactivity, and partially restores NO metabolites and MMP-2 activity. In conclusion, sodium nitrite reduction to NO may occur during RUPP-induced placental ischemia, thereby attenuating increased blood pressure, fetal and placental growth restriction, and vascular hyper-reactivity associated with preeclampsia and possibly restoring NO and MMP-2 activity, which underlie the blood pressure-lowering effects.
Effect of Blended Learning Program on nurses’ knowledge and Practice regarding peripheral vascular catheter insertion for adult patient

Peripheral intravenous catheter is the most common invasive hospital procedure applied worldwide and it is utilized for giving medications, intravenous fluids, as well as the blood products. Aim: To evaluate the effect of blended learning program on nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding peripheral vascular catheter insertion for adult patient. Design: A quasi-experimental research design (pre/ post-test). Setting: The current research was conducted in two hospitals, Minia University hospital and Liver University Hospital at Minia City, Egypt. Sample: Convenience sample of all available registered nurses (200) who were caring for patients undergoing PIVC. Tools: Tool I: Demographic characteristics of the participated nurses Tool II: Structured interview questionnaire regarding nurses' Knowledge about Care and Maintenance of PIVC Tool III: Nurses' practice Observational Checklists about care and maintenance of PIVC. Results : The study findings clarified that 89% of nurses had satisfactory total level of practice immediately after implementing the blended learning program compared to (10%) of them before its implementation and decreased to 75% in the follow up phase post program implementation. Conclusion: statistically significant difference was found between pre and follow up assessment regarding nurses' level of knowledge and practice post implementation of the blended learning program. Recommendation : Nurses need continuous education about care and maintenance of PIVC as well they need formal online education about the essential elements in caring and maintenance of PIVC and how to decrease its complications. Hospital nurses must support the blended educational approach to overcome the difficult in maintaining face to face education.
Modeling the Evolution of Lunar Regolith: 1. Formation Mechanism Through Individual Simple Impact Craters

The production, distribution, and evolution of lunar regolith are critical in deciphering the lunar bombardment history and comprehending the transport of materials across the lunar surface, which are still not well understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of factors influencing the production and distribution of lunar regolith by individual simple craters. Combining our results for the impact‐generated regolith volume with a lunar production function, we developed an analytical model to describe the regolith growth process. We found that the strength of bedrock significantly affects the crater size and hence the volume of regolith produced especially for subdecameter impactors. The regolith volume produced by an individual impact crater is quantitatively characterized as a function of crater diameter and preimpact regolith thickness. This regolith production is primarily determined by how much bedrock is shattered, followed by the impact‐induced volume change of target material and lastly by the regolith volume created by secondary cratering processes. When a single crater forms, preimpact regolith thickness greatly affects the regolith distribution pattern; a larger fraction of the regolith will be distributed outside the crater rim for a deeper preimpact regolith layer. Our regolith evolution model can serve as a good first‐order estimation of the regolith growth process that provides better constraints on the regolith buffering trend than previous studies. This model also suggests that, when ignoring the contribution from large, distant impacts, the regolith growth process is dominated by impact craters at scales from a meter to a few hectometers.
SOIL ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS UNDER TEAK PLANTATION IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA: A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

The high rate of demand for this exotic timber product all over the world might have led to the over exploitation which has equally led to the current decline in the world natural forest cover. This study examined the differences in the soil physical-chemical properties of Teak plantations under basement and sedimentary rocks in south western Nigeria. 72 soil samples were collected; 36 from each of the two plantations underlying by Sedimentary and Basement complex of Ilaro and Olokemeji respectively. 12 Soil samples each from 3 quadrants each of 30m 2 were selected from each age i.e. 1970, 1972 and 1975 within a site respectively across the two sites. Bulked soil samples were collected each from horizon A and B of topsoil and subsoil with depth of 0-15cm and 15-30cm respectively. Also, 18 soil samples 9 from each site were collected from 3 profiles section from their A, B and C-Horizons. All these samples were analyzed for their organic carbon concentration representing the chemical parameters. The statistical test reveals that there is statistical significant difference between the mean concentrations of Organic Carbon (OC) and the mean concentrations of Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), cupper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) with P =0.000<0.005 for all the parameters identified.
MicroRNA miR-274-5p Suppresses Found-in-Neurons Associated with Melanotic Mass Formation and Developmental Growth in Drosophila

Simple Summary In animals, including humans and flies, blood cells play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as immune response and normal development. The abnormal regulation of hematopoiesis in flies results in the formation of melanotic masses, which are also known as melanotic tumors. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. In this study, we found that the upregulation of miR-274-5p, a small non-coding RNA, activates the JNK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways by suppressing the expression of found-in-neurons (fne) encoding an RNA-binding protein in flies. This regulation controls the formation of melanotic masses and developmental growth. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into melanotic mass formation and developmental growth as well as the regulatory network of the JNK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Abstract The hematopoietic system plays a crucial role in immune defense response and normal development, and it is regulated by various factors from other tissues. The dysregulation of hematopoiesis is associated with melanotic mass formation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here, we observed that the overexpression of miR-274 in the fat body resulted in the formation of melanotic masses. Moreover, abnormal activation of the JNK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways was linked to these consequences. In addition to this defect, miR-274 overexpression in the larval fat body decreased the total tissue size, leading to a reduction in body weight. miR-274-5p was found to directly suppress the expression of found-in-neurons (fne), which encodes an RNA-binding protein. Similar to the effects of miR-274 overexpression, fne depletion led to melanotic mass formation and growth reduction. Collectively, miR-274 plays a regulatory role in the fne–JNK signaling axis in melanotic mass formation and growth control.
Numerical Simulation as a Means of Warning for Near-Field Tsunamis

ABSTRACTThe feasibility of quantitatively forecasting a near-field tsunami prior to its arrival is examined, provided that the initial tsunami profile can be determined from fault parameters calculated using a method similar to that of Izutani and Hirasawa. Examination of basic equations, boundary conditions and grid lengths has led to the conclusion that the following combination is the best to perform rapid, accurate, and detailed numerical forecasting; the linear long wave theory discretized with the staggered leap-frog scheme, perfect reflection at the land boundary, and a grid length varying from 5.4 km out at deep sea to 0.2 km at the shoreline. With the aid of a super computer, tsunami heights along every 200 m of Japan's Sanriku coast (250 km long) can be obtained within 7 minutes after the occurrence of an earthquake. This method gives enough time for warning transmission and for evacuation of residents because the standard arrival time of tsunamis in this district is 25 to 30 minutes.
Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice Complex Software Project Development: Agile Methods Adoption

SUMMARY The Agile Software Development paradigm has become increasingly popular in the last few years, since it claims lower costs, better productivity, better quality and better business satisfaction. Supply chain management (SCM) is a complex software development project. Owing to its scope and uncertain, complex and unstable requirements, it is not possible to develop it with predictable software development process models. Agile methodologies are targeted toward such kinds of problems that involve change and uncertainty, and are adaptive rather than predictive. How an agile process is introduced will significantly impact the implementation success of the process change. The objective of this paper is to analyze the agile development methodologies and management approach used in developing a complex software project. This further demonstrates how to overcome risks and barriers in each development phase of such complex inventive software projects. It also provides a set of guidelines regarding how the agile methodologies can be adopted, combined and used in these kinds of complex software projects. These findings have implications for software engineers and managers developing software by agile methods.
Intra-annual variability in standards of water and sanitation in Upper Humla, Nepal : an investigation into the causes, importance and impact

This study investigates the impact of seasonality on standards of water and sanitation in the mountainous district of Humla, Nepal. The research considers impact on two levels: community level access and service delivery. First of all, it examines annual variation in village level access to water and sanitation. Secondly, it looks at the wider picture of service delivery and considers how seasonal variations present opportunities and challenges for improvement in standards for water and sanitation. Three case studies from Humla are presented which illustrate village level access to water and sanitation over a calendar year. These case studies summarise the content of 45 semi-structured interviews, 9 focus group discussions and 9 months of observational work in the district. Variations in weather, village population, infrastructure functionality, and environmental conditions are found to influence the experienced levels of access to water and sanitation at any given time. The impact of seasonality on service delivery was investigated via 39 key informant interviews. Both climatic (e.g. weather) and non-climatic (e.g. budget timings) sources of seasonality are found to impact programme implementation. The mismatch of local seasonal calendars and those imposed by central hubs is found to cause particular difficultly in effective delivery of water and sanitation services. The findings of this research have theoretical, methodological and practical implications. Theoretically, it is suggested that a mountain community s level of access to water and sanitation varies considerably over the course of a calendar year to the point where it needs to be considered if on the ground standards are to be improved. Methodological guidance is provided detailing means of investigating seasonality and its impact on standards of water and sanitation in other scenarios. Practical suggestions focus on incorporating seasonality into assessments of access to water and sanitation and programme delivery in mountain communities.
Risk factors of Gallbladder stone formation

Gallbladder stone (GBS) formation is one of the most prevalent and costly gastrointestinal tract disorders in the world; to find the risk factors of GBS formation; 166 patients were admitted to Sohag University Hospital (63 cases had GBS, while the other 103 had no GBS) were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 15-85 ±3 years; The possible risk factors for GBS formation are family history of GBS, excessive fatty meal intake, higher body weight, higher body height, increased abdominal circumference, higher body mass index (BMI), chronic liver disease (CLD), presence of hepatic focal lesions, splenic enlargement and positive hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCV Abs). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for GBS formation were positive family history and excessive fatty meal intake; Positive family history of GBS and excessive fatty meal intake were the independent risk factors for GBS formation.
Beyond 'Khoisan' : historical relations in the Kalahari Basin

1. Foreword and acknowledgments 2. Abbreviations 3. 'Khoisan' linguistic classification today (by Guldemann, Tom) 4. PART I. Cross-areal perspectives 5. Molecular anthropological perspectives on the Kalahari Basin area (by Pakendorf, Brigitte) 6. 'Khoisan' sibling terminologies in historical perspective: A combined anthropological, linguistic and phylogenetic comparative approach (by Boden, Gertrud) 7. Clicks, prosodies and Khoisan (by Elderkin, Edward D.) 8. PART II. The Khoe-Kwadi family 9. Verb serialisation in northern dialects of Khoekhoegowab: Convergence or divergence? (by Haacke, Wilfrid) 10. Areal and inherited aspects of compound verbs in Khoekhoe (by Rapold, Christian J.) 11. PART III. The Kx'a family 12. Demonstrative and relative constructions in Ju: A diachronic account (by Lionnet, Florian) 13. N! aqriaxe ( 'Amkoe) spatial terms from a genealogical and areal perspective (by Gerlach, Linda) 14. 'Amkoe body part terminology in comparative perspective (by Sands, Bonny) 15. PART IV. The Tuu family 16. The Lower Nossob varieties of Tuu: ! Ui, Taa or neither? (by Guldemann, Tom) 17. Towards a genealogical classification of Taa dialects (by Naumann, Christfried) 18. Master list of references 19. Language (group) index 20. Subject index
Exploring Collaborative Approaches to Indigenous Science Outreach Programs on Turtle Island: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Past and recent calls to action (e.g., Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, 2015) call for inclusion of Indigenous Peoples, including residential school Survivors, in all stages/phases of program development and education. Objective(s): This scoping review identifies and maps the extent (i.e., level) of collaboration reported in published accounts of science outreach programming targeting Indigenous youth on Turtle Island (North America) between 2010 and 2022. Additionally, this review lists and describes program evaluation methods reported. Methods: Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) scoping review methodology was applied. Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Education Research Complete (ERC), Academic Search Premier (EBSCO), CBCA Complete (ProQuest), SocINDEX (EBSCO), Google Scholar, and Google were searched for science outreach programs targeting Indigenous youth on Turtle Island between 2010 and 2022. Each program’s process and methods were identified. A scoring schema was developed in collaboration with community members to map these data by extent of community collaboration (three categories; 0 = none, 1 = some, 2 = full). Results: In total, 20 programs were identified, and 12 (n = 12/20) programs met criteria for full collaboration during program development and implementation, while eight (n = 8/20) did not. Of the 12 programs, six (n = 6/20) programs reported collaborative evaluation. Diverse evaluation methods were reported and are described. Moreover, 15 (n = 15/20) programs were identified as taking place post 2015, with four (n = 4/15) being Canadian programs. Conclusions: A total of 20 STEM programs targeting Indigenous youth on Turtle Island were identified in this review. Although 60% of the programs reported collaboration during development and implementation of programming, only 30% collaborated with community during program evaluation. These findings are supportive of the need for ongoing education and research on collaboration with Indigenous communities at all stages of intervention/program development.
The top-down strategies in an EFL class of the vocational high school: an experimental study on enhancing students’ listening comprehension skills

Despite numerous studies emphasizing the benefits of using background knowledge and vocabulary in EFL listening courses, there is a lack of rationale for implementing top-down strategies that holistically integrate prior knowledge, vocabulary enhancement, and self-assessment. In order to address the issues, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the teacher's top-down strategies in improving students' listening skills. Therefore, we utilized pre-experimental research, particularly a one-group pretest-posttest design, to ascertain the strategies’ effectiveness. Twenty-one participants in this study were selected randomly. We used paired sample T-test with SPSS software to figure out if there was a statistically significant difference between the pretest and post-test scores after repeated intervention encounters. The statistical analysis showed that the average post-test score (M= 77.8571) was considerably higher than the average pretest score (M= 63.5714). The findings indicated that the students’ listening proficiency improved after being addressed with top-down strategies. This finding suggests that the teacher’s top-down approach helps students raise their listening comprehension skills. The study's results call for using top-down strategies to stimulate students' listening comprehension, to learn more effectively, and increase their listening consciousness.
Development of Ray-Optical Methods for Studying the RCS of 2D Targets on a Rough Sea Surface

Abstract : The radar scattering from ship-like targets on a rough, time-varying sea surface is investigated using computational techniques developed specifically for this problem. A spectrally accelerated generalized forward-backward method is used to study the time-varying RCS, and to generate reference solutions for more approximate ray-optical techniques. The ray techniques decouple the target from the sea surface via a plane wave expansion for the sea scattered field in the vicinity of the target. Much larger targets may be analyzed using ray methods, but the accuracy is limited. It is found that the time-varying RCS of a target on a moving sea surface can peak higher than the RCS of the same target on a smooth surface. It is also found that the variation (maximum deviation) of the RCS with time increases with a decreasing coherent (time independent) component of the sea scattered field which illuminates the target. The magnitude of the coherent component is a function of frequency and elevation angle as well as the surface roughness. The roll angle of the target on the sea surface also strongly affects the RCS level, and is another useful indicator of the RCS variation.
BOUNDARY RIEMANN PROBLEM FOR THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL ADHESION MODEL

We study a system of conservation laws appearing in the modelling for the large scale structure formation in one space variable in the quarter plane {(x,t) : x > 0,t > 0}, with Riemann type initial and boundary conditions. With strong form of boundary conditions at x = 0, existence or uniqueness of solution is not guaranteed. So we follow a regularization procedure namely the vanishing viscosity method which gives entropy weak solution with a weak form of boundary condition.
Reports of Symptoms Associated with Supraventricular Arrhythmias as a Serious Adverse Drug Reaction in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance Database

This study aimed to determine the type of drugs reported as suspected of causing severe supraventricular arrhythmias from the Spanish Human Pharmacovigilance System database. A total of 1053 reports were analysed, of which 526 (50%) were on men and 516 (49%) were on women. The most affected age group was the over-65s, with 593 reports (56%). Of the 1613 drugs, those belonging to the cardiovascular system (ATC Group C) were the most numerous (414 reports, 26%), with digoxin being the most frequent drug (49 reports, 12%). Other common groups were antiinfectives for systemic use (ATC Group J; 306 reports, 19%), antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (ATC Group L; 198 reports, 12%), and nervous system drugs (ATC Group N; 185 reports, 11%). The most common supraventricular arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (561 reports, 51%). Regarding outcomes, 730 (66%) patients recovered, 76 (7%) did not recover, 25 (3%) recovered but with sequelae, and 23 (2%) resulted in death. This study revealed that certain drugs have reported to be associated more frequently to supraventricular arrhythmias as serious adverse reactions, especially in the older population. Proper clinical management and effective strategies to ensure medication appropriateness should always be considered to improve patient safety when prescribing drugs.
The Effect of Landslide Factor and Determination of Landslide Vulnerable Area Using GIS and AHP

Kangwondo area is mountainous and landslide happens easily during the rainy period in summer time. Especially, when there is torrential downpour caused by the unusual weather change, there will be greater possibility to see landslide. It is very difficult to analyze and study a natural phenomenon like the landslide because there are so many factors behind it. And the way to conduct the analysis is also very complicated. However, if GIS is used, we can classify and analyze data efficiently by modeling the real phenomenon with a computer. Based upon the analysis on the causes of landslide in the areas where it occurred in the past, therefore, this study shows several factors leading to landslide and contains the GIS database categorized by grade and stored in the computer. In order to analyze the influence of every factor causing landslide, we calculated the rates of weight by AHP and evaluated landslide vulnerability in the study area by using GIS. As a result of such analysis, we found that the forest factor has most potential influences among other factors in landslide.