Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observation and Fully Thermal Simulation of Quasi‐Electrostatic Magnetosonic Waves

Magnetosonic (MS) waves are generally considered as electromagnetic harmonic fluctuations below the lower hybrid frequency. Here we present a correlated observation of proton ring‐like distribution and low harmonic magnetosonic waves with undetectable magnetic components (called QEMS). We conduct fully thermal simulations (WHAMP) to investigate the wave properties. The calculated growth rates can reproduce the observed spectral characteristics and demonstrate that the QEMS waves are excited as ion Bernstein modes by proton ring‐like distribution. The ratios between the wave electric and magnetic amplitudes E/B given by WHAMP indicate that the magnetic spectral densities are below the instrument noise level, and the ratios are ∼7–80 times larger than the wave phase speeds Vph, suggesting that the QEMS waves are essentially quasi‐electrostatic, not just visually quasi‐electrostatic due to the measurement limit. This study provides further insights into the QEMS natures.
An Examination of Audit Quality Surrounding Within-Firm Engagement Office Changes

We examine the relation between within-firm office changes and audit quality in the United States. Our primary analysis documents a reduction in audit quality, measured using abnormal discretionary accruals and restatements, when the client is transferred to a smaller within-firm office (downsize effect). We are unable to find evidence that clients experience significant improvement in audit quality among transfers to a larger within-firm office (upsize effect). We then condition our sample on the change in the number of public clients of the receiving office to better understand the source of the underlying association. We find that our downsize effect is driven by offices experiencing a decrease in the number of public clients, suggesting that our main association is not entirely the result of resource constraints for the receiving office. We posit that this finding is consistent with audit quality deterioration among within-firm office changes to smaller offices driven, in part, by the receiving office’s inability to adequately overcome the knowledge transfer frictions that accompany a move to a new office. Our findings offer empirical evidence on consequences of within-firm office changes and are particularly relevant to regulators and preparers.
Towards Knowledge-Based, Robust Question Answering

Current question answering systems face two major challenges; the ability to employ external knowledge and to robustly generalize to unseen expressions of questions need to be improved. In this thesis, I introduce two works that can together help advance question answering. First, I introduce TransINT, a novel and interpretable knowledge graph embedding method that isomorphically preserves the implication ordering among relations in the embedding space. Second, I present methods to train sequence-to-sequence semantic parsing models robust to unseen paraphrases. These two works could together serve as steps to create human-like question answering systems that can understand unseen paraphrases and link existing and external facts for logical inference. Thesis Supervisor: Peter Szolovits Title: Professor
Role stress as a barrier to service quality in Indian banks: SEM approach

By and large, service quality is thought as something abstract; ignoring the very basic human emotions and experiences of the employees who deliver the services. These employees experience stressful events which in turn have a direct bearing on quality of service offered by them. This study examines the relationship between role stress and service quality in front-line bank employees (FLBE) of Indian retail banks. A structured questionnaire in English was administered on 350 FLBE of public and non-public banks, out of which 232 filled questionnaires were returned. Relevant statistical techniques were used to examine construct reliability and validity, dimensional analysis and relationship between the variables under the study together with fitness of the proposed model through SEM. Results show that role stress has negatively impacted the performance of FLBE. Of the four stressors, role overload and resource inadequacy emerged as potent stressors.
Partitioning of Ambient Organic Gases to Inorganic Salt Solutions: Influence of Salt Identity, Ionic Strength, and pH

Inorganic salts present in the atmosphere may affect the composition and abundance of secondary organic aerosol. Here, we quantify the effects of salt identity, salt concentration (ionic strength), and solution pH on the partitioning of ambient water‐soluble organic gases (WSOCg) at a site in the eastern United States. The experimental pH (pH = 1–6) and ionic strengths (10−3–101 mol kg−1) span a wide range of conditions found in atmospheric particles, clouds, and fog droplets. Chloride salts (NaCl, NH4Cl, and KCl) exhibit a strong salting‐out effect at all ionic strengths >0.005 mol kg−1 and pH = 1.8–6. In contrast, sulfate salts (Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, and K2SO4) induce both salting‐in and salting‐out behaviors, depending on ionic strength and pH. These results suggest that monovalent cations have minimal effect, while ionic strength, pH, and anion identity exert strong effects on the partitioning of ambient organic gases in the atmosphere.
“It All Starts with Family”: Mechanisms of Intergenerational Poverty in the Veenkoloniën, the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Mechanisms that drive the intergenerational transmission of poverty have been studied widely, but to understand how these mechanisms are at work in real life we require studies on perspectives of families who themselves are living in poverty. In this study, we combine the perspectives of multiple generations of family households in a rural area in the Netherlands. We want to understand from their own perspective what prevents these families from escaping poverty. Twenty-three family households participated in intergenerational interviews. Results show that recurrent mechanisms were often perceived to relate to rearing practices, norm-setting and geographical mechanisms (immobility and perceived place-based stigma). Family habitus structures the mechanisms that prolong and perpetuate poverty.
Living Within Limits: Ecology, Economics, and Population Taboos

Part 1 Entangling Alliances 1. The Challenge of Limits 2. Overpopulation: Escape to the Stars? 3. Uneasy Litter Mates: Population and Progress 4. Population Theory: Academia's Stepchild 5. Default Status: making Sense of the World 6. The Ambivalent Triumph of Optimism 7. Cowboy Economics versus Spaceship Ecology 8. Growth: Real and Spurious 9. Exponential Growth of Populations 10. What Malthus Missed 11. The Demostat 12. Generating the Future 13. Limits: A Constrained View 14. From Jevons's Coal to Hubbert's Pimple Part 2 Lookin for the Bluebird 15. Nuclear Power: A Nonsolution 16. Trying to Escape Malthus 17. The Benign Demographic Transition Part 3 Biting the Bullet 18. Making Room for Human Will 19. Major Default Positions of Human Biology 20. Carrying Capacity 21. The Global Pillage: Consequences of Unmanaged Commons 22. Discriminating Altruisms 23. The Double C-Double P Game 24. Birth Control versus Population Control 25. Population Control: Natural versus Human 26. The Necessity of Immigration Control 27. Recapitulation and a Look Ahead Notes and References Index
Dielectric ring resonators loaded in waveguide and on substrate

A rigorous mode matching technique is used to analyze the dielectric ring resonators loaded in a waveguide and on top of a substrate. Variation of several lowest order modes' resonant frequencies as a function of structure parameters is presented and is shown to be helpful for optimization of spurious mode separation. Two-dimensional electric and magnetic field line patterns and three-dimensional field intensity distributions of the ring resonators are plotted and provide information for mode excitation, coupling, and spurious mode suppression. Coupling between two dielectric ring resonators loaded in a metallic cavity are analyzed. The dielectric ring resonators are used to design a C-band elliptic function dual mode bandpass filter employing HE/sub 11/ modes. Experimental results are presented and show excellent agreement with the analytical solutions. >
Interfacial Passivation and Energy Level Alignment Regulation for Self‐Powered Perovskite Photodetectors with Enhanced Performance and Stability

Interfacial passivation and energy level alignment regulation at perovskite and charge transport layer interface are urgently desirable for constructing efficient and stable self‐powered perovskite photodetectors. Herein, a modified additive‐containing antisolvent strategy that not only facilitates high quality perovskite film formation but also modulates energy level alignment at interface is developed to improve the photoresponse and stability of perovskite photodetectors. Specifically, poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is introduced as functional additive into the antisolvent chlorobenzene. P3HT molecules penetrate along perovskite grain boundaries to fill the pinholes and passivate Pb2+ defects. Furthermore, the valence band maximum of the surface of the perovskite layer is modulated to form a favorable band energy alignment with the hole transport layer (HTL). The suppressed carrier recombination at the perovskite/HTL interface results in reduced noise current and improved photocurrent. Finally, the optimized device achieves a responsivity of 0.41 A W‐1, a detectivity of 0.61 × 1012 Jones at 700 nm, and a linear dynamic response range of 118 dB without external bias. In addition, the unpackaged device still maintains 78% of initial performance after 720 h under ambient conditions, indicating its superior stability compared with the original device.
A prospective comparative study of estimation of hemoglobin using portable hemoglobinometer HemoCue and automated hematology analyzer in blood donors

Introduction: There are many methods available for predonation hemoglobin screening but there is no single method suitable for this purpose. To determine the accuracy of fingerstick hemoglobin assessment in blood donors, the performance of a portable hemoglobinometer (HemoCue Hb 301) was prospectively compared with that of an automated hematology analyzer (Horiba Pentra XLR). Material and Method: 330 blood donor’s capillary fingerprick, venous sample hemoglobin were measured by HemoCue Hb 301 and concurrent venous sample hemoglobin measured by automated hematology analyzer. Results: Mean capillary hemoglobin using HemoCue Hb 301 was 13.60± 1.02 gm/dl which was more than venous hemoglobin using HemoCue Hb 301(13.39 ± 0.96 gm/dl) and both were higher than automated hematology analyzer venous hemoglobin values (13.13±1.01 gm/dl). The correlation coefficient between automated hematology analyzer and capillary HemoCue values was 0.98, between venous and capillary HemoCue was 0.99 and between automated hematology analyzer and venous HemoCue was 0.99. P value for all comparison group is < 0.0001. Fingerprick capillary hemoglobin value measured by HemoCue Hb 301 has only 1.53% false-pass rate. Conclusions: Capillary fingerprick hemoglobin measured by HemoCue Hb 301 was slightly higher than venous hemoglobin value measured by an automated hematology analyzer. HemoCue Hb 301 is an appropriate and reliable screening method for pre-donation haemoglobin estimation for blood donors.
Introduction in Europe, from 1972 to 1980, of the Japanese Manila clam (Tapes philippinarum) and the effects on aquaculture production and natural settlement

La palourde du Pacifique (Tapes philippinarunI) a ete introduite en France entre 1972 ct 1975 par la Societe SATMAR et en Angleterre en 1980 par le laboratoire de Conwy. Les introductions ont porte en premie r lieu sur du naissain ct par la suit e sur des ad ultes, dans chaque cas en provenance de la cote ouest des Etats-U nis. La production aquacole a ete lancee a partir d'adul tes. Les o rga nismes scient ifiques ont deve loppe les recherches de base a partir du naissai n produit par la SATMAR a l'echelle semiindust ri elle, recherches qui aboutirent a la mise en oeuvrc de programmes de transfert . L'aquaculture de la palourde commenca en premier li eu sur la cote a tl antique. dans la frange intcrtidal e ct en clai res ostreicoles. Les caracteristiques de cett e nouvelle culture sont don nees. Les maladies rencontrees sont citees. Il est observe des developpements naturels dans les bassins de producti on.
Analysis, design and experiments of a high power factor electronic ballast

A charge pump high power factor converter cell is first derived, and its unity power factor condition is then reviewed. A single stage high power factor electronic ballast using the charge pump concept is then analyzed. Design criteria are derived to optimize the electronic ballast based on the steady state analysis. Constant lamp power operations associated with its control are also discussed. Large signal simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis. It is shown that the designed electronic ballast has 0.995 power factor and 5% total harmonic distortion with lamp power variation within /spl plusmn/15% when the line input voltage changes /spl plusmn/10%.
Imaging features of cartilaginous tumors of the head and neck

There is a wide spectrum of head and neck cartilaginous lesions which include both neoplastic and nonneoplastic processes. Cartilaginous tumors of the head and neck are uncommon, posing a diagnostic challenge. Benign cartilaginous tumors that may occur in the head and neck include chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, osteochondroma, and synovial chondromatosis. Chondromesenchymal hamartoma is a rare non-neoplastic cartilaginous lesion that is included for the 1first time in the new WHO classification and radiologically can mimic a tumor. Malignant cartilaginous tumors include chondrosarcoma and chondroid variant of chordoma. Characteristic tumor locations, internal chondroid matrix calcification, and typical T2 hyperintense signal secondary to high-water content within the extracellular matrix of the hyaline cartilage are useful imaging features that narrow the differential diagnosis and help in diagnosing these diseases. This article presents a narrative review of the anatomy of the head and neck cartilaginous structures, discusses the current knowledge and imaging spectrum of benign and malignant cartilaginous tumors and tumor-like lesions of the head and neck.
Earthing of low- and medium-voltage distribution systems and equipment

The paper states briefly the reasons for earthing low- and medium-voltage distribution systems and equipment. Reference is made to various methods of earthing and to the main difficulties encountered in putting them into practice, particularly in rural areas.The main objects are to describe the development of the system known as protective multiple earthing, to show the advantages of this system and to explain the reasons for its adoption on a wide scale in the rural zones served by the North Western Electricity Board.The experience of the Board with the p.m. e. system from 1949 onwards is described.
The Relationship Between Family Functioning and Quality of Life in Patients With Gastric Cancer

Background: Cancer can affect the quality of life of patients. Family support is essential in this disease. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between family functioning and quality of life in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with gastric cancer at the Valiasr Medical Center in Zanjan, Iran, in 2018 using the census method. A specific standard questionnaire for the quality of life of cancer patients and a McMaster family assessment device were used to collect information. The descriptive analysis and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to analyze data by SPSS software version16. Results: In total, 108 patients were assessed. The family functioning of the patients was assessed in the normal range and was partially good in all dimensions. The mean of general function (2.97 of 4) and affective responsiveness dimensions (2.31 of 4) was the weakest and the best, respectively. The overall quality of life, symptoms, and function [42.20 (2.65), 69.77 (7.23), 43.43 (7.38)] were at an unfavorable level. There was a significant inverse relationship (P<0.001) between the overall quality of life and the dimensions of family functioning: problem solving (r=-0.623), communication (r=-0.74), roles (r=-0.588), and behavior control (r=-0.718). A significant inverse relationship was also found between the overall quality of life and general family function (r=-0.577) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed the association between quality of life and family function in patients with cancer. Improving family function in these patients using different methods is recommended.
Genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits in Pongamia Pinnata (L.) Pierre., a potential agroforestry tree

Screening of twenty-four candidate plus trees from naturally available Pongamia pinnata genetic resources was carried out to elucidate the genetic variation and relationship of pod and seed traits on germination capacity to select the best planting material for higher productivity. The experiment conducted at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity Mandar, Ranchi during 20052006. Variability studies reveled that, genotype CPT-19 recorded maximum values for six traits viz. pod length (65.64 mm), 100-pod weight (542.35 g), 2D surface area (351.18 mm), seed length (27.93 mm), 100-seed weight (202.89 g) and total oil content (44.33%). However, maximum pod thickness (12.72 mm), seed length (17.49 mm), pod-seed ratio (2.89) germination capacity (94.67%) was recorded by the genotype CPT-6. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were also close to each other for all traits, but 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight exhibited higher phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation than the other traits. Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 0.82 (for seed length) to 0.98 (for 100-pod weight), genetic advance as percent of the mean ranged between 12.30% and 46.04% with seed length giving the lowest value and 100-pod weight giving the highest value. Germination capacity exhibited positive significant correlation with pod width, 100-pod weight, 2D surface area and seed width at both genotypic and phenotypic level. However, pod length, pod thickness and 100-seed weight expressed positive significant correlation only at genotypic level. Path analysis of pod and seed traits revealed that, the 100-pod weight (0.909) is the most pronounced character contributing directly to germination capacity followed by seed length (0.785) and pod length (0.324). In conclusion, the results revealed the existence of substantial genetic variation, which can be utilized for genetic resources conservation in gene bank and further tree improvement programmers of the species.
A study to assess the effectiveness of foot reflexology on reduction of pain during first stage of labour among primigravida mothers

Motherhood is the only act that manifests in human form the cosmic wonder of creation of life. The story begins with a birth and like all beginnings, a positive childbirth is not only spiritually more fulfilling, but can also strengthen the mother –child bond The expectant mother should aim to have a beautiful, inspiring, creative and joyful pregnancy. Women who give birth to whatever the circumstances are faced with the reality of one’s own nature’s most powerful event.
RESEARCH AND INNOVATION : FIGHTING THE PANDEMIC AND BOOSTING LONG-TERM GROWTH 3 CHAPTER

How1 can policymakers boost long-term growth in the post–COVID-19 global economy? This chapter looks at the role of basic research—undirected, theoretical, or experimental work. Using rich new data that draw on connections from individual innovations to scientific articles, it shows that basic research is an essential input into innovation, with wide-ranging international spillovers and long-lasting impacts. International spillovers are particularly important for emerging market and developing economies, where institutional factors—including better education and deeper financial markets—help convert innovation into economic growth, making rapid technology transfer, the free flow of ideas, and collaboration across borders key priorities. Model-based analysis reveals that advanced economies could raise long-term growth by increasing research funding, targeting basic research, and developing closer connections between public and private research. By lifting the growth potential and future tax base of the economy, these investments tend to pay for themselves within a decade. Investments in basic research may also have green benefits, as cleaner technological innovations rely on newer, more fundamental research.
Periodontitis and Low Bone Mineral Density: A Bibliometric Study of the Top 100 cited Articles

Purpose: Science mapping is commonly known as Scientometrics; is used in combination with data visualization to analyze a considerable form of bibliographic resources to study and map the scientific field and thereby serving investigators to concentrate on under investigated areas of research. This scientometric study was aimed: 1) to evaluate the level of investigation in the field of periodontitis and osteoporosis, and 2) to recognize the journals, and countries in this field. Methods: The top hundred articles with most citations were selected by electronic searches in the MEDLINE database, and the citations were cross checked by Google Scholar database. The total number of publications per year along with their yearly growth was calculated. The following data regarding the journal, country of origin, and level of evidence were analysed. Results: 467 authors within 77 clusters contributed to these 100 articles. The annual rate of growth of publications in the period from 2011 to 2020 was 6.27%. The year range of these publications started from 1992 till 2019, the second decade of the new millennium showed the highest number of articles (39 out of 100 articles). Conclusion: Though the number of articles published on the present topic has risen in the last two decades, the proportion of studies with LOE1 is as low as 5%. Therefore, recommendations are made to the researchers to lay emphasis on producing more studies with LOE1 in future.
FS-Mol: A Few-Shot Learning Dataset of Molecules

Small datasets are ubiquitous in drug discovery as data generation is expensive and can be restricted for ethical reasons (e.g. in vivo experiments). A widely applied technique in early drug discovery to identify novel active molecules against a protein target is modeling quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). It is known to be extremely challenging, as available measurements of compound activities range in the low dozens or hundreds. However, many such related datasets exist, each with a small number of datapoints, opening up the opportunity for few-shot learning after pretraining on a substantially larger corpus of data. At the same time, many few-shot learning methods are currently evaluated in the computer-vision domain. We propose that expansion into a new application, as well as the possibility to use explicitly graph-structured data, will drive exciting progress in few-shot learning. Here, we provide a few-shot learning dataset (FS-Mol) and complementary benchmarking procedure. We deﬁne a set of tasks on which few-shot learning methods can be evaluated, with a separate set of tasks for use in pretraining. In addition, we implement and evaluate a number of existing single-task, multi-task, and meta-learning approaches as baselines for the community. We hope that our dataset, support code release, and baselines will encourage future work on this extremely challenging new domain for few-shot learning.