Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MDMA-and DPAT-induced hypothermia: Role and location of 5-HT 1A receptors

The popular drug of abuse 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has complex interactions with thermoregulatory systems resulting in either hyperthermia or hypothermia. MDMA induces hypothermia when given to animals housed at a low ambient temperature. In this study we report that MDMA (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) given at normal ambient temperatures of 24-25°C caused, in conscious freely moving rats, hypothermia (mean decrease from baseline of 1.1±0.06°C at 40 minutes). Pretreating animals with a 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of the 5-HT 1A antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2- pyridinylcyclohexanecarboxamide (WAY 100635 or WAY) not only prevented MDMA-induced hypothermia, but resulted in the development of hyperthermia (mean temperature increase from baseline of 0.74±0.2°C at 120 minutes). After treatment with WAY, MDMA also elicited an enhanced tachycardia (mean increases in heart rate from baseline of 110±16 beats per minute at 90 minutes). To identify the location of 5-HT 1A receptors responsible for hypothermia induced by MDMA, we first investigated the role of 5-TH 1A receptors in the rostral raphe pallidus (rRP) in decreases in temperature evoked by the known 5-HT 1A agonist 8-Hydroxy-2-di-n-propylamino-tetralin (DPAT). Microinjections of 0.5 nmol of WAY into the rRP significantly attenuated DPAT (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) elicited hypothermia. In parallel experiments, we found that microinjections of WAY into the rRP, while significantly augmenting MDMA-mediated tachycardia, did not alter body temperature. These results demonstrate that while hypothermia mediated by both MDMA and DPAT
ZFIRE: SIMILAR STELLAR GROWTH IN Hα-EMITTING CLUSTER AND FIELD GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2

We compare galaxy scaling relations as a function of environment at with our ZFIRE survey where we have measured Hα fluxes for 90 star-forming galaxies selected from a mass-limited ( ) sample based on ZFOURGE. The cluster galaxies (37) are part of a confirmed system at z = 2.095 and the field galaxies (53) are at all are in the COSMOS legacy field. There is no statistical difference between Hα-emitting cluster and field populations when comparing their star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass ( ), galaxy size ( ), SFR surface density (Σ( )), and stellar age distributions. The only difference is that at fixed stellar mass, the Hα-emitting cluster galaxies are ( ) ∼ 0.1 larger than in the field. Approximately 19% of the Hα emitters in the cluster and 26% in the field are IR-luminous ( > 2 × 1011 ). Because the luminous IR galaxies in our combined sample are ∼5 times more massive than the low-IR galaxies, their radii are ∼70% larger. To track stellar growth, we separate galaxies into those that lie above, on, or below the Hα star-forming main sequence (SFMS) using ΔSFR( ) = ±0.2 dex. Galaxies above the SFMS (starbursts) tend to have higher Hα SFR surface densities and younger light-weighted stellar ages than galaxies below the SFMS. Our results indicate that starbursts (+SFMS) in the cluster and field at are growing their stellar cores. Lastly, we compare to the (SFR– ) relation from Rhapsody-G cluster simulations and find that the predicted slope is nominally consistent with the observations. However, the predicted cluster SFRs tend to be too low by a factor of ∼2, which seems to be a common problem for simulations across environment.
Paleomagnetic and mineral magnetic investigation of the Baicaoyuan loess‐paleosol sequence of the western Chinese Loess Plateau over the last glacial‐interglacial cycle and its geological implications

Closely spaced paleomagnetic and mineral magnetic studies were conducted on the Baicaoyuan (BCY) loess‐paleosol sequence since the last interglacial in the western Chinese Loess Plateau. The multiproxy records of mineral magnetic parameters clearly indicate loess‐paleosol alternations with the fine structure of pedostratigraphy over the last glacial‐interglacial cycle. However, the paleomagnetic results reveal the absence of any short‐lived geomagnetic excursions in the BCY section. This absence could be interpreted by two alternative mechanisms, such as magnetic overprinting and discontinuous sedimentation. The absence of the Mono Lake and Laschamp excursions in the loess unit L1 is probably due to the viscous overprinting of the remanence carried by coarse‐grained magnetite of eolian origin and/or to the episodic nature of loess accumulation during the last glacial period. However, discontinuous sediment accumulation may more probably lead to the absence of the Blake excursion in the last interglacial soil S1 as well as of the Mono Lake and Laschamp excursions in the last glacial loess L1 at the BCY section. Together with previously published paleomagnetic results from other sections over the Loess Plateau, the findings probably further indicate the discontinuous nature of loess accumulation in the western Loess Plateau, where sedimentation of the last interglacial soil may be episodic at the timescale equivalent to the duration of the Blake geomagnetic excursion (4–6 ka), much longer than the timescale for episodic loess sedimentation in the last glacial loess of both the western and eastern Loess Plateau due to the reduced sediment accumulation rate compared to that during the last glacial period. Thus, sediments with relatively high sedimentation rate in some parts of the western Loess Plateau do not consistently guarantee the faithful recording of high‐frequency geomagnetic variations.
Impact of Morphological Awareness on Vocabulary Knowledge of Libyan EFL Students

The purpose of this study is to see how morphological awareness affects vocabulary knowledge among EFL Libyan University students. The participants are ten BA students from Sebha University at Zaweelah College of Education who are specialized in English as a Foreign Language. The data for this study was gathered using two Morphological Awareness Tests. Pre-test was given to students at the beginning of the study before the treatment. After that, morphological lessons are given for two weeks as a treatment instead of normal vocabulary instruction. A post-test was administered to the same participants at a later time to assess the impact of morphological instruction on vocabulary expansion. After collecting and analyzing the data, it was found that students who receive morphological treatments as morphemes and other morphological parts are better than those who take normal vocabulary instruction. As a result, this study recommends that L2 vocabulary instruction classes incorporate teaching morphological awareness as a means of understanding and practicing vocabulary. The findings are expected to provide more useful pedagogical recommendations for improving vocabulary learning at the university level.
The Impact of Public Debt on Economic Growth

Following the 2007–2008 global financial crisis (GFC) and subsequent sovereign debt crisis in Europe, there has been a renewed interest in exploring the relationship between government debt and economic growth. One of the cornerstone studies on the subject that triggered an emergence of new literature was Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff’s “Growth in a Time of Debt” (2010), which became widely cited and influential among commentators, academics, and policymakers in the debate surrounding austerity and fiscal policy in debt-burdened economies. Much of the research that followed the GFC uses panel data analysis of the debt-growth nexus using datasets from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Commission, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A notable pattern emerges from that research: high levels of public debt have a negative impact on economic growth. The main objective of this survey is to review the existing economic literature published during the period 2010 to 2020 on the relationship between public debt levels and economic growth. In addition, the survey will review the claim that there is a nonlinear debt threshold above which debt has a significant deleterious impact on growth rates.
An update on the surgical management of pterygium and the role of loteprednol etabonate ointment

: Pterygium, a sun-related eye disease, presents as wing-shaped ocular surface lesions that extend from the bulbar conjunctiva onto the cornea, most commonly on the nasal side. Pterygia show characteristic histological features that suggest that inflammation plays a prominent role in their initial pathogenesis and recurrence. Appropriate surgery is the key to successful treatment of pterygia, but there is also a rationale for the use of anti-inflammatory agents to reduce the rate of recurrence following surgery. Multiple surgical techniques have been developed over the last two millennia, but these initially had little success, due to high rates of recurrence. Current management strategies, associated with lower recurrence rates, include bare sclera excision and various types of grafts using tissue glues. Adjunctive therapies include mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil, as well as the topical ocular steroid loteprednol etabonate, which has been shown to have a lower risk of elevated intraocular pressure than have the other topical ocular steroids. Here, the surgical management of pterygium is presented from a historical perspective, and current management techniques, including the appropriate use of various adjunctive therapies, are reviewed, along with an illustrative case presentation and a discussion of the conjunctival forceps designed to facilitate surgical management. Despite thousands of years of experience with this condition, there remains a need for a more thorough understanding of pterygium and interventions to reduce both its incidence and postsurgical recurrence. Until that time, the immediate goal is to optimize surgical practices to ensure the best possible outcomes. Loteprednol etabonate, especially the ointment formulation, appears to be a safe and effective component of the perioperative regimen for this complex ocular condition, although confirmatory prospective studies are needed. include: Optometry; Visual science; Pharmacology and drug therapy in eye diseases; Basic Sciences; Primary and Secondary eye care; Patient Safety and Quality of Care Improvements.
Responsible Tourism, Destination Sustainability and Quality of Life: A Preliminary Finding

: Apart from the positive economic impact, tourism also gives negative impact to destinations, affecting their environmental and socio-cultural elements of communities living in the areas. Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development, therefore, sustainable tourism should utilize the optimal environmental resources that are key elements in tourism development, maintain important ecological processes and also help conserve natural resources and biodiversity. Due to several sustainability challenges, responsible tourism was introduced to enhance current sustainable tourism development. The principles of responsible tourism are developing a win-win situation between minimizing the negative effects and benefiting the host community and contributing positively to the preservation of nature and culture. This paper presents a preliminary finding on the relationship between responsible tourism and quality of life as well as the relationship between destination sustainability and quality of life. The researcher used an online survey as the method of data collection and data was analysed using SPSS. The results showed that responsible tourism and destination sustainability had a significant relationship with quality of life. From the results, it indicates that implementation of sustainable practices are important for a good quality of life among local communities.
Evaluation of the compositional changes during flooding of reactive fluids using scanning electron microscopy, nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and whole-rock geochemistry

Outcrop chalk of late Campanian age (Gulpen Formation) from Liege (Belgium) was flooded with in a triaxial cell for 516 days under reservoir conditions to understand how the non-equilibrium nature of the fluids altered the chalks. The study is motivated by enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes because dissolution and precipitation change the way in which oils are trapped in chalk reservoirs. Relative to initial composition, the first centimeter of the flooded chalk sample shows an increase in MgO by approximately 100, from a weight percent of 0.33% to 33.03% and a corresponding depletion of CaO by more than 70% from 52.22 to 14.43 wt. %. Except for Sr, other major or trace elements do not show a significant change in concentration. Magnesite was identified as the major newly grown mineral phase. At the same time, porosity was reduced by approximately 20%. The amount of in the effluent brine remained unchanged, whereas was depleted and enriched. The loss of and gain in are attributed to precipitation of new minerals and leaching the tested core by approximately 20%, respectively. Dramatic mineralogical and geochemical changes are observed with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, nano secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and whole-rock geochemistry techniques. The understanding of how fluids interact with rocks is important to, for example, EOR, because textural changes in the pore space affect how water will imbibe and expel oil from the rock. The mechanisms of dissolution and mineralization of fine-grained chalk can be described and quantified and, when understood, offer numerous possibilities in the engineering of carbonate reservoirs.
Moderates the Relationship between Empathy and Aggressiveness in Sport: The Mediating Role of Anger

This research investigated whether gender moderates, and anger mediates, the relationship between empathy (i.e., perspective taking and empathic concern) and aggressiveness in sport. In Study 1, perspective taking and empathic concern were negatively associated with aggressiveness, and this effect was stronger in women compared to men. In Study 2, perspective taking was a negative predictor of aggressiveness and antisocial behavior in sport, and anger mediated these relationships in women, but not in men. Our findings suggest that empathy and emotion-based strategies targeted at reducing aggressiveness in sport need to be tailored for males and females.
Prevalence of HIV and HBV Co-infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Idah Local Government

HIV and HBV are common public health problem recognized worldwide. The consequences of these problem have increased morbidity and mortality. As such, there is a need to determine their prevalence pattern among pregnant women. This study was conducted on 220 pregnant women from October-December, 2016 in Idah Local Government Area of KOGI State. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. HIV was diagnosed and confirmed using Determine test Kit and unigold and HBsAg with ACON HBsAg test Kit.The prevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection 2 (0.91%) was significant (P<0.05%) compared to HIV (2.28%) and HBV (3.18%). The prevalence of HIV and HBV Co-infection was higher in age group 23-28 (1.75%). The other age group had no significant prevalence. The incident of the infection was higher among business women (1.56%) than other categories based on occupation. Increase frequency of HBV and HIV infections among pregnant women is alarming public health issues and should be given attention. The prevalence of the dual infections may be capable in infant mortality and complication following child birth for the mothers. Therefore, pregnant women should be screened for both HIV and HBV infections during antenatal care. Enlightment campaign on the routes, mode of transmission and control measures should be set up at antenatal clinics across the board.
Model Estimates of the Land and Ocean Contributions to Biospheric Carbon and Water Fluxes Using MODIS Satellite Data

AbstractLand and ocean are often treated separately in modeling studies despite their close links through the carbon, water, and energy cycles. However, biospheric models, particularly when used in conjunction with recent satellite datasets, provide a new, fully coupled, global perspective. The current investigation uses a new version of the Grid Enabled Integrated Earth system (GENIE-SF) to compare both the magnitude and the seasonal and zonal variation in water flux [evaporation E and precipitation (PPT)] and carbon flux [net primary productivity (NPP)] above land and ocean. GENIE-SF contains state-of-the-art representations of photosynthesis and is driven by the phenological cycles of leaf area index (LAI) and marine chlorophyll concentration, both recorded with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensors. The current study reveals the striking uniformity of the ocean–atmosphere carbon and water flux exchange, both temporally and spatially, compared to the corresponding .
Parkinson's disease - psychological determinants of quality of life

Background: The present study examines the role of Type D personality, anxiety and depression in quality of life (QoL) in patients of two chronic neurological diseases – Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 142 PD patients (73% males; mean age 67.6±9.2 years) and 198 patients with MS (32.3% males; 38.4±10.8 years). Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the association of UDPRS (PD patients) or EDSS (MS patients), Type D personality (DS-14) and anxiety and depression (HADS) with the physical (PCS) and mental summary (MCS) of QoL, as measured by the SF-36. Results: In PD patients, Type D was signiﬁ cantly associated with MCS only; in MS patients Type D was signiﬁ cantly associated with both dimensions - MCS and PCS. After adding anxiety and depression, the importance of Type D for the QoL model dramatically decreased. Anxiety and depression were strongly associated with lower scores in MCS and PCS in both PD and MS patients. Conclusions: The actual mood of PD and MS patients – the level of anxiety or depression – might have a greater impact on patients’ QoL than their personality. Further longitudinal research should focus on how the pathway consisting of personality traits, anxiety and depression, and QoL might be constructed.
Assessing the e ﬃ ciency of water-soluble organic compound biodegradation in clouds under various environmental conditions †

The objective of this research was to evaluate the role of atmospheric microorganisms in chemical transformations occurring within clouds. To achieve this objective, we measured in the laboratory the rates of biodegradation for four chemical compounds of interest in atmospheric chemistry (formic and acetic acids, formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide). We implemented them in an explicit model of cloud chemistry simulating the exchange processes between air and droplets and chemical reactivity in both phases. The biodegradation rates were not kept constant; rather, they depended on the concentration of the four targeted species. For this purpose, a series of incubation experiments were performed in the laboratory with microbial strains isolated from cloud water by modulating the initial concentration of the substrate and ambient temperature (5 °C and 17 °C). Di ﬀ erent simulations were carried out to investigate the role of biological activity in contrasting environmental conditions (season, day/night). Sensitivity tests were also performed on parameters controlling the chemical reactivity and exchanges between phases such as the cloud liquid water content or acidity. Analysis revealed that biodegradation in the aqueous phase was competitive with the abiotic processes of transformations for the four compounds, especially in summer (up to 94% in terms of relative contribution). The concentration of formic acid exerted the most signi ﬁ cant impact in both the aqueous phase and in terms of total concentration in the cloud. In summer, biodegradation had a strong impact, during both day and night, on formic acid concentration, inducing a loss of 23 and 65%, respectively. At night, in summer, biodegradation was the main sink for formic acid, acetic acid and formaldehyde (81, 56 and 98%, respectively). Sensitivity tests (
, Bug Fixing, and

—Code evolution, whether related to the development of new features, bug ﬁxing, or refactoring, inevitably changes the quality of the code. One particular type of such change is the accumulation of Technical Debt (TD) resulting from sub-optimal design decisions. Traditionally, refactoring is one of the means that has been acknowledged to help to keep TD under control. Developers refactor their code to improve its maintainability and to repay TD (e.g., by removing existing code smells and anti-patterns in the source code). While the accumulation of the TD and the effect of refactoring on TD have been studied before, there is a lack of empirical evidence from industrial projects on how the different types of code changes affect the TD and whether speciﬁc refactoring operations are more effective for repaying TD. To ﬁll this gap, we conducted an empirical study on an industrial project and investigated how Refactoring, Bug Fixing, and New Development affect the TD. We have analyzed 2 , 286 commits in total to identify which activities reduced, kept the same, or even increased the TD, further delving into speciﬁc refactoring operations to assess their impact. Our results suggest that TD in the studied project is mainly introduced in the development of new features (estimated in 72 . 8 hours). Counterintuitively, from the commits tagged as refactoring, only 22 . 90% repay TD (estimated to repay 8 . 30 hours of the TD). Moreover, while some types of refactoring operations (e.g., Extract Method), help repaying TD, other refactoring operations (e.g., Move Class) are highly prone to introduce more TD.
Intertidal hydrodynamics and basin-scale sediment dynamics in the Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, and implications for change due to tidal power extraction

i Acknowledgements: . iii List of Figures . vi List of Tables . x List of Symbols . xi Chapter 1 : General Introduction. 1 1.1 Upper Bay of Fundy . 1 1.2 Geologic History . 3 1.3 Sediments . 5 1.4 Previous Numerical Modelling Studies . 6 1.5 Delft3D Hydrodynamic Model . 7 1.6 Objectives of the Present Study . 10 Chapter 2 : Hydrodynamics in a macrotidal estuary and the influence of vegetation on flow over a salt marsh platform . 11 2.