Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating Various Products of IMERG for Precipitation Retrieval over Surfaces with and without Snow and Ice Cover

Various products of the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and passive mi-crowave (PMW) sensors are assessed with respect to near-surface wet-bulb temperature (Tw), precipitation intensity, and surface type (i.e., with and without snow and ice on the surface) over the CONUS and using Stage-IV product as reference precipitation. IMERG products include precipitation estimates from infrared (IR), combined PMW, and their combination. PMW products generally have higher skills than IR over snow- and ice-free surfaces. Over snow- and ice-covered surfaces (1) PMW products (except AMSR-2) show a higher correlation coefficient than IR, (2) IR and PMW precipitation products tend to overestimate precipitation, but at colder temperatures (e.g., Tw<-10oC) PMW products tend to underestimate and IR product continues to show large overestimations, and (3) PMW sensors show higher overall skill in detecting precipitation oc-currence, but not necessarily at very cold Tw. The results suggest that the current approach of IMERG (i.e., replacing PMW with IR precipitation estimates over snow- and ice-surfaces) may need to be revised.
Quantifying ADHD Symptoms in Open-Ended Everyday Life Contexts With a New Virtual Reality Task

Objective: To quantify goal-directed behavior and ADHD symptoms in naturalistic conditions, we developed a virtual reality task, EPELI (Executive Performance in Everyday LIving), and tested its predictive, discriminant and concurrent validity. Method: We collected EPELI data, conventional neuropsychological task data, and parent-ratings of executive problems and symptoms in 38 ADHD children and 38 typically developing controls. Results: EPELI showed predictive validity as the ADHD group exhibited higher percentage of irrelevant actions reflecting lower attentional-executive efficacy and more controller movements and total game actions, both indicative of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Further, the five combined EPELI measures showed excellent discriminant validity (area under curve 88 %), while the correlations of the EPELI efficacy measure with parent-rated executive problems (r = .57) and ADHD symptoms (r = .55) pointed to its concurrent validity. Conclusion: We provide a proof-of-concept validation for a new virtual reality tool for ecologically valid assessment of ADHD symptoms.
Crystal Structure of 4-(4-Aminophenylsulfonyl)Benzenamine

The crystal structure of 4-(4-aminophenylsulfonyl)benzenamine (1) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the title compound, molecules are linked into polymers by pairs of N–H••O, N–H••N and C–H••O and the two aniline groups are bridged by sulfonyl group. The position of S8A, S8B and S8C atoms are distorted planar geometry. In the structure, the molecular packing is stabilized by intermolecular N–H••O, N–H••N, and C–H••O and intramolecular C–H••O hydrogen bonds.
The Online Use of Language for Communication in Tourist Village Community of Pujon Kidul Malang

The current language phenomenon is developing under the influence of situations and conditions that humans always execute, whether consciously or unconsciously. It is undoubtedly that the impact of human behavior on their language system and language choice leads to an inseparable bond between the former and its respective socio-cultural environment. This study aims to acknowledge the manifestation of language choice performed by the community of Tourist Village Pujon Kidul, Malang when they interact online, especially in the domain of social networking. The method utilized in this study relies on a qualitative design to portray the general depiction of a certain occurrence without any given treatment. The technique used is threefold; interviewing, note-taking, and recording to document the community interaction within the domain of online or social media, such as Facebook and Instagram administered by Komunitas Desa Wisata Pujon Kidul Malang (Tourist Village Pujon Kidul Malang Community). What motivates such an approach is the concern to prevent Covid-19 from worsening should there be field research, therefore online-based research data are deemed significant. This study targets the fundamental policy of the use of language in a specific community within the domain of online media while taking into account the values of local culture. The result shows that the manifestation of language choice portrayed in social media such as Facebook and Instagram are of four categories: Indonesian, Javanese, English, and a mix of the three languages; Indonesian-Javanese, Indonesian-English, and Javanese-Indonesian. Meanwhile, the interaction process is divided into three; the language use, the status context, and the dialogue room.
Welcome Back, We’ve Missed You! Humanized Business Communication in Shop Window Messages during Early 2020-Lockdown

This paper focuses on the way in which small and medium-sized businesses in Flanders adapted communication with their customers during the economic lockdown in March–May 2020. It documents, more specifically, how shops tried to maintain, re-establish, or even re-invent communication with their customers during this two-month period. Based on pictures of shop windows in a Flemish city, we analyze the (semi-)commercial messages that appeared in this setting during this period. This analysis adopts an interdisciplinary perspective, in which a cognitive linguistic approach is integrated with analyses and practical advices by marketing agencies. Despite their orientation towards distinct, theoretical and practical goals, both approaches share an analytical interest in mapping participants and their mutual relationship as part of a communicative interaction. In the period of economic lockdown, marketers urged shop owners to ‘humanize’ their business strategy by downplaying content-related issues in favor of maximal social outreach towards customers. Considering this advice, it was hypothesized that under these circumstances participants in commercial transactions would be construed much more prominently, presenting themselves and each other as unprecedented empathetic business personas. Much of our data comply with this expectation, thus providing empirical evidence of a subjectified communicative ground, in which both buyer and seller personas figure with augmented prominence as parts of the object of conceptualization. Messages include, among other things, expressions of empathy, solidarity, combativity, but also creativity and humor thus incorporating a new type of humanized business communication. With respect to the analysis of marketing strategies, the collected data at the same time instantiate and legitimize marketers’ communication advice about humanizing one’s business exchange.
Are Political Attacks a Laughing Matter? Three Experiments on Political Humor and the Effectiveness of Negative Campaigning

Research on the effectiveness of negative campaigning offers mixed results. Negative messages can sometimes work to depress candidate evaluations, but they can also backfire against the attacker. In this article, we examine how humor can help mitigate the unintended effects of negative campaigning using data from three experimental studies in the United States and the Netherlands. Our results show that (1) political attacks combined with “other-deprecatory humor” (i.e., jokes against the opponents) are less likely to backfire against the attacker and can even increase positive evaluations of this latter—especially when the attack is perceived as amusing. At the same time and contrary to what we expected, (2) humor does not blunt the attack: humorous attacks are not less effective against the target than serious attacks. All in all, these results suggest that humor can be a good strategy for political attacks: jokes reduce harmful backlash effects against the attacker, and humoros attacks remain just as effective as humorless ones. When in doubt, be funny. All data and materials are openly available for replication.
Rovibrationally resolved direct photodissociation of MgO

The photodissociation process of magnesium oxide (MgO) may be a main source of the magnesium atom in planetary exospheres due to the impact events on planets. In this work, we calculated the state-resolved cross-sections of the photodissociation of MgO for the transitions from the full range of rovibrational levels of the X1Σ+ and a3Π states, where the photon wavelength ranged from 50 to 5000 nm. The applications of the state-resolved cross-sections to the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions were also investigated for the temperatures ranging from 500 to 10 000 K. Based on the calculated LTE cross-sections, the photodissociation rates in the interstellar, solar, and blackbody radiation fields were obtained as well. The rates in all studied radiation fields increase with the temperature increasing and are dominated by the e3Σ− ← a3Π and F1Π ← X1Σ+ transitions. The knowledge of the photodissociation cross-sections and rates of MgO plays a key role in the investigations of the chemical behaviour of the alkaline-earth element Mg in planetary exospheres, atmospheres of cool stars, and envelopes of evolved stars.
Genesis of the mafic granophyre of the Vredefort impact structure (South Africa): Implications of new geochemical and Se and Re-Os isotope data

This contribution is concerned with the debated origin of the impact melt rock in the central uplift of the world’s largest confirmed impact structure—Vredefort (South Africa). New major- and trace-element abundances, including those of selected highly siderophile elements (HSEs), Re-Os isotope data, as well as the first Se isotope and Se-Te elemental systematics are presented for the felsic and mafic varieties of Vredefort impact melt rock known as “Vredefort Granophyre. ” In addition to the long-recognized “normal” (i.e., felsic, >66 wt% SiO2) granophyre variety, a more mafic (<66 wt% SiO2) impact melt variety from Vredefort has been discussed for several years. The hypothesis that the mafic granophyre was formed from felsic granophyre through admixture (assimilation) of a mafic country rock component that then was melted and assimilated into the superheated impact melt has been pursued here by analysis of the two granophyre varieties, of the Dominion Group lava (actually metalava), and of epidiorite mafic country rock types. Chemical compositions, including high-precision isotope dilution–derived concentrations of selected highly siderophile elements (Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Se, Te), and Re-Os and Se isotope data support this hypothesis. A first-order estimate, based on these data, suggests that some mafic granophyre may have resulted from a significant admixture (assimilation) of epidiorite to felsic granophyre. This is in accordance with the findings of an earlier investigation using conventional isotope (Sr-Nd-Pb) data. Moreover, these outcomes are in contrast to a two-stage emplacement model for Vredefort Granophyre, whereby a mafic phase of impact melt, derived by differentiation of a crater-filling impact melt sheet, would have been emplaced into earlier-deposited felsic granophyre. Instead, all chemical and isotopic evidence so far favors formation of mafic granophyre by local assimilation of mafic country rock—most likely epidiorite—by a single intrusive impact melt phase, which is represented by the regionally homogeneous felsic granophyre.
Regulation of Biochemical Markers by Soymilk and Physical Exercise on Obese Rats

Background: Obesity is an excess of body fat that cause cardiovascular risk and it prevalence in Cameroon among adults is high. Aims: This study took place in the animal house of the Department of Biochemistry of the University of Dschang between June 2020 and February 2021 and the purpose was to evaluate the effect of the association of soymilk, diet and swimming in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 rats of 21 days old divided into 6 groups. Thus, we calculate Lee index every two weeks, blood glucose measure and lipid parameters have been dosed in blood sera conserved at -20°C after extraction. Results: It appears that the high amount of lipid in hyperlipidic diet induces obesity in these rats after 45 days of treatment. This is shown by the body weight gained by hyperlipidic males and females (242.66 ±6.35g and 224.39 ±7.52g), which was significantly higher than that of the standard group (203.06 ±4.9g and 186.31 ±4.04g). This is also indicated in the hyperlipidic males with a Lee index of 301.38 ±0.495, which was significantly higher compared to standard males Original Research Article Dandji and Zambou; AJMAH, 19(5): 65-76, 2021; Article no.AJMAH. 69235 66 (296.33 ±1.977). The total cholesterol which was higher in the hyperlipidic subjects decreases significantly after treatment of 3.4 % and 26.8 % respectively at 30 and 60 days. Consequently, the other lipid parameters such as HDLc, LDLc and atherosclerosis index become normal within the duration of treatment. Conclusion: The study results reveal that obesity was significantly prevalent mostly in males. Soymilk with its richness in phytosterols, coupled with swimming a priority source of fat dissipation, can be used efficiently to fight and prevent obesity and its consequences.
The Unit Testlet Dilemma: PISA Sample

PISA, Testlet items, Local Dependence, Marginal item parameters. Abstract: Testlets have advantages such as making it possible to measure higherorder thinking skills and saving time, which are accepted in the literature. For this reason, they have often been preferred in many implementations from in-class assessments to large-scale assessments. Because of increased usage of testlets, the following questions are controversial topics to be studied: “Is it enough for the items to share a common stem to be assumed as a testlet? ” “Which estimation method should be preferred in implementation containing this type of items? ” “Is there an alternative estimation method for PISA implementation which consists of this type of items? ” In addition to these, which statistical model to use for the estimations of the items, since they violate the local independence assumption has become a popular topic of discussion. In light of these discussions this study aimed to clarify the unit-testlet ambiguity with various item response theory models when testlets consist of a mixed item type (dichotomous and polytomous) for the science and math tests of the PISA 2018. When the findings were examined, it was seen that while the bifactor model fits the data best, the uni-dimensional model fits quite closely with the bifactor model for both data sets (science and math). On the other hand, the multi-dimensional IRT model has the weakest model fit for both test types. In line with all these findings, the methods used when determining the testlet items were discussed and estimation suggestions were made for implementations using testlets, especially PISA.
Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. in raw milk from dairy herds in Colombia

Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease (FBD) that affects public health and can cause death in people. Many outbreaks of Salmonellosis have been reported due to the contamination of raw milk and dairy products with the pathogen. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk samples from four dairy herds in the Sabana of Bogotá in 2017, 112 milk samples were taken directly from the mammary gland during milking. All milk samples were cultured and tested to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. using microbiological and molecular methods. Salmonella spp. prevalence of milk samples was found to be 20.5% (n=23). The main Salmonella serovars isolated were S. Newport (60.87%), S. Typhimurium (17.4%), S. Virchow, S. Bredeney, and S. Anatum (4.3% each one of the serovars). However, it was not possible to determine the Salmonella serotype in two isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk has not been studied extensively in Colombia. The 20.5% in the prevalence might be due to fact that the sample was taken directly from the mammary gland allowing a better chance of isolation by avoiding the dilutional effect of mixed milk from different cows in the buckets. This also suggests that the infection of the udder could have occurred by hematogenous dissemination or by milking machine contamination. This study highlights the need to implement measures to prevent contamination and reduce the problem in the herds, which will result in milk and dairy products with high standards of innocuity and quality and decrease the risk of foodborne illness.
Relation of pH and Cation Saturation of Orange Orchard Soil in ChongQing Jiangjin

According to analyzed data of grey brown purple soil samples of Jiangjin orange orchard,We discussed application,Statistic method,and relation between pH and cation saturation.Relation between pH and saturation showed (y=8.4451x~2+115.54x-305.28,R~2-0.8541)
Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi, Insect Emergence and Percentage Germinability Associated with Harvested and Stored Rice in Kwara State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess the incidence of seed-borne fungi, insect emergence as it affect the germinability rate of rice seed collected from the major rice growing areas of Kwara State, Nigeria, The rice seeds were collected during the dry season of 2019. Five (5) fungi species were isolated from all the rice samples. The incidence of fungi pathogens vary from one locality to another, as well as the frequency of occurrence. The pathogens isolated include Fusarium. oxysporium, Aspergillus spp. , Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus. , Cladosporium sp. , Mucor sp. FARO 44 rice variety has the highest incidence of fungal pathogen(12.5× 10) while local varieties Alhaji Sule and Kuddo has the lowest incidence of (0.5× 10) respectively. Penicillium sp. has the highest percentage frequency of occurrence (49.3%) while cladosporium sp has lowest (1.33%) across all samples. Sample 9(F-52), 15(E) and 17(K) has the lowest percentage germinability of 41, 40 and 45% while sample 11(AB) and 8(K) has the highest percentage germinability of 84% and 77% respectively. All the samples do not have the most serious damaging insect infestation of Sitophilus oryzae but some of the sample has infestation of some other insects such as Rhyzopertha dominca, a lesser grain borer and a primary stored pest of cereals, Tribolium. castaneum a secondary pest and some other unidentified insects in varying percentage. Measures such as lowest moisture content of seed meant for storage and proper cleaning of the store must be put in place to avoid seed deterioration as a result of seed borne fungal pathogen and insect infestation.
Liposoluble components from leaves of llex cornuta

OBJECTOVE To investigate the liposoluble components from the leaves of llex comuta Lindl. ex Paxt. METHODS The compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. RESULTS Eleven compounds were obtained. Their structures were identified as lupeol(Ⅰ), 11-keto-α-amyrin pahlmitate(Ⅱ), α-amyrin palmitate(Ⅲ), 12-ursene-3,28-diol(Ⅳ), ursolic acid(Ⅴ), 3β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-30-al(Ⅵ), 3β-hydroxy-20-oxo-30-norlupane(Ⅶ), tanacetene(ⅧA),β-sitosterol (Ⅸ), n-behenic acid(Ⅹ), and n-hexacosane (Ⅺ). CONCLUSION Compound Ⅳ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, Ⅹ and Ⅸ are firstly isolated from the genus Ilex. In addition, compound Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅸ are isolated from l. comuta for the first time.
A mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiogical assessment of the antimony- and arsenic-rich neutral mine drainage tailings near Pezinok, Slovakia

Abstract The mineralogical composition of mining wastes deposited in voluminous tailing impoundments around the world is the key factor that controls retention and release of pollutants. Here we report a detailed mineralogical, geochemical, and microbiological investigation of two tailing impoundments near the town of Pezinok, Slovakia. The primary objective of this study was the mineralogy that formed in the impoundment after the deposition of the tailings (so-called tertiary minerals). Tertiary minerals include oxyhydroxides of Fe, Sb, As, Ca and are present as grains and as rims on primary ore minerals. X-ray microdiffraction data show that the iron oxyhydroxides with abundant As are X-ray amorphous. The limiting (lowest) Fe/As (wt/wt%) ratio in this material is 1.5; beyond this ratio, the hydrous ferric oxide does not retain arsenic. The grains with less As and little to moderate amounts of Sb are goethite; the grains where Sb dominates over Fe are poorly crystalline tripuhyite (FeSbO4). Even the most heavily contaminated samples (up to 29 wt% As2O5) are populated with diverse communities of microorganisms including typical arsenic-resistant heterotrophic species as well as iron reducers and sulfur oxidizers. Several recovered clones cluster within phylogenetic groups that are solely based on environmental sequences and do not contain a single cultivated species, thus calling for more work on such extreme environments.
Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aegean Fish and Seafood

ABSTRACT Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic, may cause neurological and reproductive disorders, and are carcinogenic. Human exposure to PCBs is mainly from food. Six non-dioxin-like PCBs congeners have been selected by the European Food Safety Authority as indicator PCBs. In previous studies on PCBs in food, the highest concentrations were observed in fish and fish products. The concentrations of non-dioxin-like PCBs were determined in ten species of fish and shellfish from the Aegean Sea. The concentrations of mono-ortho PCBs were also determined. Analyses were conducted in raw, fried, and grilled fish. Total indicator PCB and total mono-ortho PCB concentrations were above the detection limit in all samples with values from 0.21 to 32.4 ng g−1 wet weight and 0.001 to 0.217 toxic equivalent pg g−1 wet weight, respectively. The effects of cooking on PCB concentrations and the dietary intake were evaluated.
Sequestration of uranium on fabricated aluminum co-precipitated with goethite (Al-FeOOH)

Abstract Aluminum co-precipitated with goethites (Al-FeOOHs) are ubiquitous within (sub)-surface environments, which are considered one of the most important sinks for radionuclide pollution management. Accordingly, various mole ratios Al-FeOOH were synthesized and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, specific surface area and potentiometric acid-base titration. According to XRD and TEM images, the morphology of Al-FeOOH was transformed from acicular-like goethite to cotton-like gibbsite with increasing Al content. The adsorption and sequential desorption of U(VI) on Al-FeOOHs were conducted by batch techniques under N2 conditions. The batch adsorption results showed that the adsorption of U(VI) on Al-FeOOHs slightly increased at pH < 4.0, then the significant increase of U(VI) adsorption was observed at pH from 4.0 to 7.0, whereas the suppressed adsorption at pH > 8.0 was due to the electrostatic repulsion between negative charge surface and negative carbonato-complexes. The adsorption of U(VI) on Al-FeOOHs was independent of ionic strength at pH > 5.0, indicating that the inner-sphere surface complexation predominated their adsorption behaviors, whereas U(VI) adsorption on Al-FeOOH could be the outer-sphere surface/cation exchange reaction. The sequential extraction texts showed that the desorption of U(VI) from Al-FeOOHs decreased with increasing Al content. These findings highlighted the effect of Al content on the sequestration and immobilization of U(VI) onto Al-FeOOHs from (sub)-surface environments in pollution management.