Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of Sunspots with Phase Time and Travel Time of p-Mode Waves in Acoustic Imaging

Solar acoustic signals constructed with the technique of acoustic imaging contain both intensity and phase information. The phase of constructed signals can be studied by computing the cross-correlation function between time series constructed with ingoing and outgoing waves. The envelope peak of the cross-correlation function provides information about wave travel time, associated with the group velocity along the wave path. The phase time of the cross-correlation function provides information about phase changes along the wave path, including the phase change at boundaries of the mode cavity and boundaries of flux tubes. We study the active region NOAA 7978 using the data taken with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument. We construct two-dimensional phase-shift maps and envelope-shift maps of the active region at the surface by determining the phase time and envelope time of the cross-correlation function at each point. Both phase time and envelope time in magnetic regions are smaller than those in the quiet Sun. The phase shift and envelope shift at each point are computed by subtracting the average values in the quiet Sun. The envelope shift is greater than the phase shift by about 2.5 minutes inside sunspots. Both the envelope shift and the phase shift in sunspots increase approximately linearly with frequency. The difference between the envelope shift and phase shift is the same at different frequencies. There is evidence for an additional phase shift in sunspots relative to plages. We discuss inferences about the structure of sunspots from these phenomena.
Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in a Mesoscale Model. Part II: Sensitivity to Aqueous-Phase Chemistry

Abstract The feedbacks between aerosols, cloud microphysics, and cloud chemistry are investigated in a mesoscale model. A simple bulk aqueous-phase sulfur chemistry scheme was fully coupled to the existing aerosol and microphysics schemes. The representation of aerosol and microphysics follows the explicit bulk double-moment approach. A case of summertime stratocumulus cloud system is simulated at high resolution (3-km grid spacing), and the evolution of an observed continental aerosol spectrum that changes during the course of the simulation as a result of cloud processing is examined. The results demonstrate that the bulk approach to the aerosol and droplet spectra correctly represents the feedbacks in the coupled system. The simulations capture the characteristic bimodal aerosol size spectrum resulting from cloud processing, with the first mode consisting of particles that did not participate as cloud condensation nuclei and the second mode, in the region of 0.08–0.12-μm radii, comprising the particles.
Molecular Genetic Characteristics of FANCI, a Proposed New Ovarian Cancer Predisposing Gene

FANCI was recently identified as a new candidate ovarian cancer (OC)-predisposing gene from the genetic analysis of carriers of FANCI c.1813C>T; p.L605F in OC families. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular genetic characteristics of FANCI, as they have not been described in the context of cancer. We first investigated the germline genetic landscape of two sisters with OC from the discovery FANCI c.1813C>T; p.L605F family (F1528) to re-affirm the plausibility of this candidate. As we did not find other conclusive candidates, we then performed a candidate gene approach to identify other candidate variants in genes involved in the FANCI protein interactome in OC families negative for pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D, and FANCI, which identified four candidate variants. We then investigated FANCI in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) from FANCI c.1813C>T carriers and found evidence of loss of the wild-type allele in tumour DNA from some of these cases. The somatic genetic landscape of OC tumours from FANCI c.1813C>T carriers was investigated for mutations in selected genes, copy number alterations, and mutational signatures, which determined that the profiles of tumours from carriers were characteristic of features exhibited by HGSC cases. As other OC-predisposing genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are known to increase the risk of other cancers including breast cancer, we investigated the carrier frequency of germline FANCI c.1813C>T in various cancer types and found overall more carriers among cancer cases compared to cancer-free controls (p = 0.007). In these different tumour types, we also identified a spectrum of somatic variants in FANCI that were not restricted to any specific region within the gene. Collectively, these findings expand on the characteristics described for OC cases carrying FANCI c.1813C>T; p.L605F and suggest the possible involvement of FANCI in other cancer types at the germline and/or somatic level.
Chemical Composition and Transgenerational Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans of Seasonal Fine Particulate Matter

While numerous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on human health, little attention has been paid to its impact on offspring health. The multigenerational toxic effects on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were investigated by acute exposure. PM2.5 and PM1 samples were collected and analysed for their chemical composition (inorganic ions, metals, OM, PAHs) in different seasons from April 2019 to January 2020 in Lin’an, China. A higher proportion of organic carbon components (34.3%, 35.9%) and PAHs (0.0144%, 0.0200%) occupied the PM2.5 and PM1 samples in winter, respectively. PM1 in summer was enriched with some metal elements (2.7%). Exposure to fine PM caused developmental slowing and increased germ cell apoptosis, as well as inducing intestinal autofluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PM1 caused stronger toxic effects than PM2.5. The correlation between PM component and F0 generation toxicity index was analysed. Body length, germ cell apoptosis and intestinal autofluorescence were all highly correlated with Cu, As, Pb, OC and PAHs, most strongly with PAHs. The highest correlation coefficients between ROS and each component are SO42− (R = 0.743), Cd (R = 0.816) and OC (R = 0.716). The results imply that OC, PAHs and some transition metals play an important role in the toxicity of fine PM to C. elegans, where the organic fraction may be the key toxicogenic component. The multigenerational studies show that PM toxicity can be passed from parent to offspring, and gradually returns to control levels in the F3–F4 generation with germ cell apoptosis being restored in the F4 generation. Therefore, the adverse effects of PM on reproductive damage are more profound.
In vitro study of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy for apoptosis in human cervical HeLa cell line

5-aminolevulanic acid (ALA), belonging among the promising second generation of sensitizers, was evaluated as an inducer of photodamage on HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) cell line. A diode laser (635 nm) was used as a source for initiation of the photodynamic effect. We studied the influence of different incubation times, various concentrations of sensitizer, different irradiation doses and various combinations of sensitizer and light doses on the photodamage of HeLa cells. Viability of cells was determined by means of neutral red assay. The quantitative cellular uptake of ALA sensitizer was done by spectrophotometric measurements. No prominent cytotoxic or phototoxic effects on HeLa were observed due to sensitizer or light doses when studied independently of each other. However phototoxicity evoked by laser irradiated sensitizer was detected in HeLa cell line.
Radar ranging to Ganymede and Callisto

Arecibo observations from 1992 February to March have yielded the first successful radar range measurements to the Galilean satellites. Round-up time delays were measured for Ganymede and Callisto with accuracies of 20 to 50 micrometer (3 to 7 km) and 90 micrometer (14 km), respectively. Both satellites showed round-trip delay residuals (relative to the E-3 ephemeris) of about a millisecond, most of which can be attributed to errors in the predicted along-track positions (orbital phases). Using a simple model that assumed that all of the ephemeris error was due to constant orbital phase and Jupiter range errors we estimate that Ganymede was leading its ephemeris by 122 +/- 4 km, Callisto was lagging its ephemeris by 307 +/- 14 km, and Jupiter was 11 +/- 4 km more distant than predicted by the PEP740 planetary ephemeris.
The political role of local government corporate ownership: An interdisciplinary outlook based on Benford’s law

This research aims to use the unique dataset of Capalbo et al. (2021) on Italian municipally-owned utilities (hereafter MOUs) to prove the usefulness of Benford’s law in spotting accounting data manipulation within public sector organisations. In doing so, the study also examines the political role played by the corporate ownership of those local government-owned firms to emphasise whether MOUs’ financial statements are a vehicle of local election attention.
Stability and noise properties of diode lasers with phase-conjugate feedback

For a diode laser subjected to filtered feedback from a phase-conjugating mirror, we present the first exact stability analysis and various noise spectra. The stability properties are intermediate between those of the injection laser and the laser with conventional optical feedback. The role of a finite response-time is to drastically enhance the steady-state stability For moderate feedback, the frequency noise is suppressed by several orders of magnitude, and the main relaxation frequency of the laser shows a crossover from the usual relaxation oscillation frequency to a new frequency determined by the amount of feedback. This may be of technological importance since it is expected to improve the modulation bandwidth.
Dynamical properties of the shift maps on the inverse limit spaces

Abstract In this paper, we prove the following results about the shift map on the inverse limit space of a compact metric space and a sole bonding map: (1) the chain recurrent set of the shift map equals the inverse limit space of the chain recurrent set of the sole bonding map. Similar results are proved for the nonwandering set, ω-limit set, recurrent set, and almost periodic set. (2) The shift map on the inverse limit space is chaotic in the sense of Devaney if and only if its sole bonding map is chaotic. (3) If the sole bonding map is ω-chaotic, then the shift map on the inverse limit space is ω-chaotic. With a modification of the definition of ω-chaos we show the converse is true. (4) We prove that a transitive map on a closed invariant set containing an interval must have sensitive dependence on initial conditions on the whole set. Then it is both ω-chaotic and chaotic in the sense of Devaney with chaotic set the whole set. At last we give a new method of constructing chaotic homeomorphisms on chainable continua, especially on pseudo-arcs.
Enhancing the Grid Support From DFIG-Based Wind Farms During Voltage Events

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy generators, the world is positively progressing toward the goal of sustainable development. However, the grid strength and inertia are decreasing due to the associated technological limitations. To this end, this research paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the support from DFIG-based wind farms with their existing capacity during critical events like voltage-ride-through. The effectiveness of the method is tested with a reactive power-prioritizing grid code of India. The proposed optimization framework achieves this objective in three stages. The first stage maximizes the wind farm's reactive power reserve in maximum power and de-loaded modes. The second stage uniquely distributes the control references to achieve minimal transitional pitch action between these modes for reduced wear and tear while honoring the maximum reactive power capability. The third stage generates lookup tables of control limits for maximal active power support within the grid code and the system constraints. The optimization is a one-time process for a specified farm geometry. Since the method is lookup table-based, the mode transitions are real-time feasible. The simulation test cases with the benchmark model demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed strategy, especially when the Wake Effect is prominent.
Robust stability of uncertain linear systems with saturating actuators

We consider the robust stability of uncertain linear systems with saturating actuators, and present two sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. We assume that the bound of the initial state is known and that the uncertainty is unstructured. The obtained results meet our intuition that the lower bound of initial state and the higher bound of saturation level make it easy to design a controller. Finally, we show the usefulness by an example. >
The HiPER project for inertial confinement fusion and some experimental results on advanced ignition schemes

This paper presents the goals and some of the results of experiments conducted within the Working Package 10 (Fusion Experimental Programme) of the HiPER Project. These experiments concern the study of the physics connected to ‘advanced ignition schemes’, i.e. the fast ignition and the shock ignition approaches to inertial fusion. Such schemes are aimed at achieving a higher gain, as compared with the classical approach which is used in NIF, as required for future reactors, and make fusion possible with smaller facilities. In particular, a series of experiments related to fast ignition were performed at the RAL (UK) and LULI (France) Laboratories and studied the propagation of fast electrons (created by a short-pulse ultra-high-intensity beam) in compressed matter, created either by cylindrical implosions or by compression of planar targets by (planar) laser-driven shock waves. A more recent experiment was performed at PALS and investigated the laser–plasma coupling in the 1016 W cm−2 intensity regime of interest for shock ignition.
Mass transport in two-dimensional water waves

Mass transport in various kind of two-dimensional water waves is studied. The characteristics of the governing equations for the mass transport depend on the ratio of viscous lengthscale to the amplitude of the free-surface displacement. When this ratio is small, the nonlinearity is important and the mass transport flow acquires a boundary-layer character. Numerical schemes are developed to investigate mass transport in a partially reflected wave and above a hump in the seabed. When the mass transport is periodic in the horizontal direction, a spectral scheme based on a Fourier–Chebyshev expansion, is presented for the solution of the equations. For the ease of a hump on the seabed, the flow domain is divided into three regions. Using the spectral scheme, the mass transport in the uniform-depth regions is calculated first. and the results are used to compute the steady flow in the inhomogeneous flow region which encloses the hump on the seabed.
Mode dependent lattice thermal conductivity of single layer graphene

Molecular dynamics simulation is performed to extract the phonon dispersion and phonon lifetime of single layer graphene. The mode dependent thermal conductivity is calculated from the phonon kinetic theory. The predicted thermal conductivity at room temperature exhibits important quantum effects due to the high Debye temperature of graphene. But the quantum effects are reduced significantly when the simulated temperature is as high as 1000 K. Our calculations show that out-of-plane modes contribute about 41.1% to the total thermal conductivity at room temperature. The relative contribution of out-of-plane modes has a little decrease with the increase of temperature. Contact with substrate can reduce both the total thermal conductivity of graphene and the relative contribution of out-of-plane modes, in agreement with previous experiments and theories. Increasing the coupling strength between graphene and substrate can further reduce the relative contribution of out-of-plane modes. The present investigations also show that the relative contribution of different mode phonons is not sensitive to the grain size of graphene. The obtained phonon relaxation time provides useful insight for understanding the phonon mean free path and the size effects in graphene.
A Closure Procedure for Random Vibration Parametric Resonances

We investigate the mean-square stability for single-degree-of-freedom linear systems with random parametric excitation. The excitation is assumed to be of the form of a Gaussian stationary non-white process. We propose a new numerical approach to determine regions of parametric resonances based on a closure procedure for hierarchy of moment equations. Mean-square stability charts are obtained using the numerical analysis of eigenvalues for large-scale matrices. The results show three parametric resonances for narrow-band excitations.
The Bahadur-Kiefer representation for U-quantiles

We consider the distributional and the almost sure pointwise Bahadur-Kiefer representation for U-quantiles. We show that the order of this representation depends on the order of the local variance of the empirical process of U-statistic structure at the U-quantile. Our results indicate that U-quantiles can be smoother than quantiles. U-quantiles can either be as unsmooth as quantiles or can behave as differentiable statistical functionals.
Quantifying the influence of initial values on nonlinear prediction

Motivated by the m-step-ahead prediction problem in non-linear time series, a brief sketch of stochastic chaotic systems is provided. The accuracy of the prediction depends on the initial value, which is a typical feature of non-linear but not necessarily chaotic models. However, if the model is chaotic, small noise can be amplified very quickly through time evolution at some initial values, thereby decreasing dramatically the reliability of the prediction. Further, if the model is chaotic, small shifts in some initial values can lead to considerable errors in prediction, which can be monitored by the newly defined Lyapunov-like indices. For the nonparametric predictor constructed by the locally linear regression method, the mean-squared error may be decomposed into two parts: the conditional variance and the divergence resulting from a small shift in initial values. The decomposition also holds for more general predictors. A consistent estimator of the Lyapunov-like index is also constructed by the locally linear regression method. Both simulated and real data are used as illustrations.
Variable beamwidth reflector antenna by feed defocusing

The beamwidth of a reflector antenna may be varied by defocusing the feed. The radiation characteristics are studied for both axisymmetric and offset single reflector antennas using both geometric optics for understanding the operation and physical optics for a parametric study. The beamwidth may be increased by over 200% compared to the focused reflector before the main beam bifurcates, but the on-axis gain is reduced. Better performance is obtained with an offset reflector antenna. The study quantifies the limits of beam broadening which can be achieved. Measurements on a 30 GHz experimental antenna show good agreement with theory.
Enhanced NH3 Sensing Performance of Mo Cluster-MoS2 Nanocomposite Thin Films via the Sulfurization of Mo6 Cluster Iodides Precursor

The high-performance defect-rich MoS2 dominated by sulfur vacancies as well as Mo-rich environments have been extensively studied in many fields, such as nitrogen reduction reactions, hydrogen evolution reactions, as well as sensing devices for NH3, which are attributed to the under-coordinated Mo atoms playing a significant role as catalytic sites in the defect area. In this study, the Mo cluster-MoS2 composite was creatively synthesized through a one-step sulfurization process via H2/H2S gas flow. The Mo6 cluster iodides (MIs) coated on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate via the electrophoretic deposition method (i.e., MI@FTO) were used as a precursor to form a thin-film nanocomposite. Investigations into the structure, reaction mechanism, and NH3 gas sensing performance were carried out in detail. The results indicated that during the gas flowing, the decomposed Mo6 cluster iodides played the role of template and precursor, forming complicated Mo cluster compounds and eventually producing MoS2. These Mo cluster-MoS2 thin-film nanocomposites were fabricated and applied as gas sensors for the first time. It turns out that after the sulfurization process, the response of MI@FTO for NH3 gas increased three times while showing conversion from p-type to n-type semiconductor, which enhances their possibilities for future device applications.
VUV laser in the Lyman band of molecular hydrogen pumped by fs titanium-sapphire laser pulses

We report lasing at 160 nm in the Lyman band of molecular hydrogen. The laser is pumped by 200 mJ/150 fs pulses from the ATLAS titanium-sapphire laser at our institute. The pump pulses are focused at an angle of incidence of 60/spl deg/ onto a 9-cm-long gold target to a line focus, generating traveling-wave excitation. With 80 mbar of hydrogen in the target chamber we measure an average gain of 1.1 cm/sup -1/ and achieve a total gain-length product of 10. The evaluation of the far-field pattern shows that the beam originates from a region with an electron density of 5/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/. A simple model of the H/sub 2/ laser is presented which explains the main part of our observations and supports a pump mechanism of photoelectron pumping.
Convective radiation fluid‐dynamics: formation and early evolution of ultra low‐mass objects

The formation process of ultra low-mass objects is some kind of extension of the star formation process. The physical changes towards lower mass are discussed by investigating the collapse of cloud cores that are modelled as Bonnor-Ebert spheres. Their collapse is followed by solving the equations of fluid dynamics with radiation and a model of time-dependent convection that has been calibrated to the Sun. For a sequence of cloud-cores with 1 to 0.01 solar masses, evolutionary tracks and isochrones are shown in the mass-radius diagram, the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram and the effective temperaturesurface gravity or Kiel diagram. The collapse and the early hydrostatic evolution to ages of few Ma are briefly discussed and compared to observations of objects in Upper Scorpius and the low-mass components of GG Tau. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Native Pulawska and Three Commercial Pig Breeds Based on Microsatellite Markers

Swine DNA profiling is highly important for animal identification and parentage verification and also increasingly important for meat traceability. This work aimed to analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity in selected Polish pig breeds. The study used a set of 14 microsatellite (STR) markers recommended by ISAG for parentage verification in the native Puławska pig (PUL, n = 85) and three commercial pig breeds: Polish Large White (PLW, n = 74), Polish Landrace (PL, n = 85) and foreign breed Duroc (DUR, n = 84). Genetic differentiation among breeds accounted for 18% of the total genetic variability (AMOVA). Bayesian structure analysis (STRUCTURE) indicated that the four distinct genetic clusters obtained corresponded to the four breeds studied. The genetic Reynolds distances (Ɵw) showed a close relationship between PL and PLW breeds and the most distant for DUR and PUL pigs. The genetic differentiation values (FST) were lower between PL and PLW and higher between PUL and DUR. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported the classification of the populations into four clusters.