Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POU2F3-Expressing Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Show Morphologic and Phenotypic Overlap

Considering the differences in protein expression in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) by molecular classification, it is likely that there are differences in morphology, but the relationship between molecular classification and morphology has not been examined. Furthermore, there are limited reports concerning this molecular classification for large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and SCLC simultaneously. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between immunohistochemistry-based molecular classification and morphology, protein expression, and clinical features of 146 consecutive resection specimens of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), focusing mainly on POU2F3, the master transcription factor involved in tuft cell generation. POU2F3-dominant SCLC (n=24) and LCNEC (n=14) showed overlap in cytomorphology, while non-POU2F3-dominant SCLC (n=71) and LCNEC (n=37) showed distinct differences in cytomorphology. In addition, POU2F3-dominant NEC exhibited significantly more abundant tumor stroma, more prominent nest formation, more frequent bronchial intraepithelial involvement, and less frequent background fibrosis than non-POU2F3-dominant NEC. Immunohistochemically, POU2F3-dominant SCLC and LCNEC were characterized by lower expression of TTF-1, CEA, and neuroendocrine markers and higher expression of bcl-2, c-Myc, and c-kit. Clinically, POU2F3-dominant NEC had a significantly better prognosis than non-POU2F3-dominant NEC for recurrence-free survival. POU2F3-dominant NEC had a higher smoking index than non-POU2F3-dominant NEC. POU2F3-dominant NEC forms a unique population, exhibiting intermediate morphologic features between SCLC and LCNEC, with distinct protein expression as tuft cell-like carcinoma. Recognition of this unique subtype may provide clues for solving the long-standing issues of NEC and appropriate therapeutic stratification. It is important to accurately identify POU2F3-expressing carcinomas by immunohistochemistry and to analyze their clinicopathological features.
Petrochemistry of Lake George granodiorite stock and related gold mineralization, York County, New Brunswick

The plagioclase-hornblende-biotite porphyritic granodiorite stock (Au = 32 ppb average) at the Lake George Sb-Au-W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick was sampled (10 samples) from drill core and analyzed. It is metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.99–1.13), calc-alkaline, Na2O>K2O, and has (La/Yb)N from 7.34 to 11.14 with a small negative Eu anomaly, as well as obvious negative Nb, Ti, Sr, and Ba anomalies. The Early Devonian ages and volcanic arc affinities (evolved I-type) favour a relationship with the Pokiok Batholith. Gold-bearing quartz-vein mineralization within the stock and in the proximal metamorphic aureoles highlights its metallogenic association with the intrusion. Silicification, sericitization, and chloritization of the stock associated with quartz-vein mineralization are enriched in Au, As, S, W, Mo, Rb, K, and B. These mineralizing fluids may be derived from the same granodioritic magma crystallizing at depth, although later than the W-Mo mineralization. The gold may be associated with an antimony mineralization episode. 1 Contribution to Targeted Geoscience Initiative Current Research 2002-D7 1 X. Yang et al. Resume : Le massif intrusif de granodiorite porphyrique a plagioclase-hornblende-biotite (Au = 32 ppb en moyenne), au gisement de Sb-Au-W-Mo de Lake George (Nouveau-Brunswick), a ete echantillonne par prelevement de carottes de sondage (10), puis analyse. Les resultats des analyses indiquent que ce massif est meta-alumineux a faiblement hyperalumineux (A/CNK = 0,99 a 1,13) et calco-alcalin et qu’il presente des teneurs en Na2O superieures a celles en K2O, un rapport (La/Yb)N variant de 7,34 a 11,14, une faible anomalie negative en Eu, ainsi que de nettes anomalies negatives en Nb, Ti, Sr et Ba. L’âge du massif, le Devonien precoce, et les affinites de ses roches avec celles d’un arc volcanique (de type I evolue) tendent a l’apparenter au batholite de Pokiok. La mineralisation en or dans des filons de quartz a l’interieur du massif intrusif et dans ses aureoles proximales de metamorphisme souligne l’association metallogenique de celle-ci avec l’intrusion. Les zones de silicification, de sericitisation et de chloritisation associees aux filons de quartz mineralises dans le massif intrusif sont enrichies en Au, As, S, W, Mo, Rb, K et B. Les fluides mineralisateurs pourraient provenir du meme magma granodioritique que celui de l’intrusion dont la cristallisation se deroulait en profondeur, mais ils seraient toutefois ulterieurs a la mineralisation en W-Mo. L’or pourrait etre associe a un episode de mineralisation en Sb.
Chemical Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosol at a Rural Site in the Southeastern U.S.: Insights from Simultaneous HR-ToF-AMS and FIGAERO-CIMS Measurements

Abstract. The formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was investigated at Yorkville, GA, in late summer (mid-August ~ mid-October, 2016). Organic aerosol (OA) composition was measured using two on-line mass spectrometry instruments, the high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS). Through analysis of speciated organics data from FIGAERO-CIMS and factorization analysis of data obtained from both instruments, we observed notable SOA formation from isoprene and monoterpenes during both day and night. Specifically, in addition to isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) uptake, we identified isoprene SOA formation via hydroxyl hydroperoxide oxidation (ISOPOOH oxidation via non-IEPOX pathways) and isoprene organic nitrate formation via photooxidation in the presence of NOx and nitrate radical oxidation. Monoterpenes were found to be the most important SOA precursors at night. We observed significant contributions from highly-oxidized acid-like compounds to the aged OA factor from FIGAERO-CIMS. Taken together, our results showed that FIGAERO-CIMS measurements are highly complementary to the extensively used AMS factorization analysis, and together they provide more comprehensive insights into OA sources and composition.
Chemical characterization of secondary organic aerosol at a rural site in the southeastern US: insights from simultaneous high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and FIGAERO chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) measurements

Abstract. The formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were investigated at Yorkville, GA, in late summer (mid-August to mid-October 2016). The organic aerosol (OA) composition was measured using two online mass spectrometry instruments, the high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS). Through analysis of speciated organics data from FIGAERO-CIMS and factorization analysis of data obtained from both instruments, we observed notable SOA formation from isoprene and monoterpenes during both day and night. Specifically, in addition to isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) uptake, we identified isoprene SOA formation from non-IEPOX pathways and isoprene organic nitrate formation via photooxidation in the presence of NOx and nitrate radical oxidation. Monoterpenes were found to be the most important SOA precursors at night. We observed significant contributions from highly oxidized acid-like compounds to the aged OA factor from FIGAERO-CIMS. Taken together, our results showed that FIGAERO-CIMS measurements are highly complementary to the extensively used AMS factorization analysis, and together they provide more comprehensive insights into OA sources and composition.
Pools and distributions of soil phosphorus in China

We have investigated the pools and distributions of soil phosphorus (P) in the top 50 cm of soil in China by using a combination of total and available P information from more than 2400 soil profiles and a map of soil types at a resolution of 1:1,000,000. Our estimates indicate that the average total P density and available P density in China are about 8.3 × 102 g/m3 and 5.4 g/m3, respectively. The total national soil P pool in the surface half meter is 3.5 Pg (1015 g). The available P density ranges from 0.7 g/m3 in the Lithosols to 16.7 g/m3 in the Irrigated Silting Soils. The total P density ranges from 1.2 × 102 g/m3 in the Lithosols to 19 × 102 g/m3 in the Frigid Desert Soils. The ratio of available P to total P density ranges from 0.6 × 10−3 in Aeolian Soils to 21.6 × 10−3 in Coastal Solonchaks. The available P content and its vertical distribution show a complex pattern among soil orders of different development stages, possibly indicating the important role of biota's control over soil available P content. There are large variations of P content in different climatic regions. The tropical and subtropical region has the lowest available P density (4.8 g/m3) and the second lowest total P density (8.2 × 102 g/m3) among all climatic regions. The large variation in the soil P content suggests that further study is needed to investigate climatic and land‐use controls over the soil P content.
Development and validation of an image biomarker to identify metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis: MR–MASH score

Diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) requires histology. In this study, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score was developed and validated to identify MASH in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Secondarily, a screening strategy for MASH diagnosis was investigated.
Study of the Vegetation Cover Change and Its Driving Factors over Xinjiang during 1998—2007

A time series of SPOT-VEGETATION Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) data with 1km 1km spatial resolution were used to monitor the inter-annual and spatial vegetation cover change during the period of 1998 to 2007 in Xinjiang.The vegetation change reasons were analyzed from the points of view of climate change and human activities.Vegetation cover change experienced the following two periods in the recent decade in Xinjiang: a vegetation degradation from 1998 to 2001 and a wavy recovery from 2002 to 2007,as a result,the NDVI was obviously higher than the vegetation cover level at the end of the last century.There were some significant spatial differences of the vegetation cover change.The NDVI of natural forests and grasslands,such as Altay Mountain forest and Bayingbuluke grassland,obviously degenerated,and the vegetation cover change of agriculture irrigation areas and ecological construction areas increased significantly.The NDVI of sandy land and cultivated land had an ascending tendency,but the vegetation cover of forest land and grassland degenerated severely.It is found that the vegetation cover change was caused by both climate change and human activity in Xinjiang.The influence of temperature on NDVI change results in controlling the metrical of annual vegetation growth and prolonging the spring growth period of vegetation.The wavy decrease in annual precipitation is the dominant factor for the two periods of NDVI change.The improvement of agricultural production level is a very important reason to increase the NDVI in the agriculture irrigation areas,and the ecological effect of large scale ecological construction project has presented.
Effects of environmental moisture and precipitation on insects:A review

Climatic factors are closely related to the individual’s development and growth, and the population dynamics of insect pests. Environmental moisture (including atmospheric relative humidity and soil moisture content) can directly cause the changes of insects’ water content and destroy their water balance in vivo, and consequently, affects their individual’s development and population occurrence. As resulting in the changes of environmental moisture, precipitation can also affects field population dynamics of insects by physically washing out. Therefore, the studies on the impacts of environmental moisture and precipitation on insects have a wider significance for the integrated pest management (IPM). This paper reviewed the impacts of environmental moisture and precipitation, as well as other environmental factors (e.g., temperature), on the growth and development, survival, behavior, reproduction, and population ecology of insects, and introduced the applied studies on the regulation of environmental moisture (e.g., via irrigation) to control the occurrences of insect pests (e.g., Helicoverpa armigera) in fields.
Small biopsies for pancreatic lesions: Is there still room for fine needle aspiration?

Pancreatic carcinoma is an aggressive tumour with increasing incidence in both sexes worldwide. Early detection is, therefore, essential for patient management. A recent advancement involves the utilization of larger, thicker gauge needles, which enable the collection of core‐type biopsies (FNB). Here, we investigated the role of fine needle aspiration and cytopathology in the diagnostic workflow of pancreatic lesions. A search query was designed to search for articles in the PubMed database comparing FNA and FNB for biopsy of pancreatic lesions, and detailed data were extracted from selected studies. Statistical analyses were performed using the R package meta version 6.2. Twenty‐one studies made the final cut for data extraction. Overall, median age was 64.3 years (±6.1; 47.6–71.5), male: female proportion 53.9 (±11.3; 27.6–67.4), lesion size 3.1 cm (±0.5; 1.9–4.2 cm) and percentage of malignant cases 78.3% (±26.8; 2.1–100). FNA and FNB diagnostic yield was 85.8% (±10.3; 70.0–100.0) and 89.2% (±7.7; 70.0–98.6), respectively. Average accuracy was 89.5% (±11.7; 63.0–100.0) for FNA and 90.8% (±7.1; 77.0–100.0) for FNB. Adverse effects rate was 1.0% (±1.3; 0–4.3) for FNA and 2.2% (±4.4; 0–16.1) for FNB. None of the selected variables had a significant statistical difference between both methods. FNA and FNB perform similarly for diagnostic material acquisition in pancreatic lesions. The best outcome comes from the association of both techniques, emphasizing the value of combining cytological and histological morphology for the most accurate analysis.
Clinical implication of genetic intratumor heterogeneity for targeted therapy in head and neck cancer

Abstract Background Genomic profiling is increasingly used both in therapeutic decision-making and as inclusion criteria for trials testing targeted therapies. However, the mutational landscape may vary across different areas of a tumor and intratumor heterogeneity will challenge treatments or clinical decisions based on single tumor biopsies. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical relevance of genetic intratumor heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT). Materials and methods This prospective study included 33 whole tumor specimens from 28 patients with primary or recurrent HNSCC referred for surgery. Three tumor blocks were selected from central, semi-peripheral, and peripheral positions, mimicking biopsies in three different locations. Genetic analysis of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) was performed on the three biopsies using Oncoscan, focusing on 45 preselected HNSCC genes of interest. Clinical relevance was assessed using the ESCAT score to investigate whether and how treatment decisions would change based on the three biopsies from the same tumor. Results The SCNAs identified among 45 preselected genes within the three tumor biopsies derived from the same tumor revealed distinct variations. The detected discrepancies could potentially influence treatment approaches or clinical decisions in 36% of the patients if only one tumor biopsy was used. Recurrent tumors exhibited significantly higher variation in SCNAs than primary tumors (p = .024). No significant correlation between tumor size and heterogeneity (p = .7) was observed. Conclusion In 36% of patients diagnosed with HNSCC, clinically significant intratumor heterogeneity was observed which may have implications for patient management. This finding substantiates the need for future studies that specifically investigate the clinical implications associated with intratumor heterogeneity.
Thermobaricity in the Transition Zones between Alpha and Beta Oceans

AbstractThe role of the ocean in Earth’s climate is fundamentally influenced by the locally dominant stratifying property (heat or salt), which in turn can be used to categorize the ocean into three classes: alpha, beta, and transition zone oceans. Alpha and beta oceans are regions where the stratification is permanently set by heat and salt, respectively. Transition zone oceans exist between alpha and beta oceans and are regions where the stratification is seasonally or intermittently set by heat or salt. Despite their large ranges of temperature and salinity, transition zone oceans are the most weakly stratified regions of the upper oceans, making them ideal locations for thermobaric effects arising from the nonlinear equation of state of seawater. Here a novel definition and quantification of alpha, beta, and transition zone oceans is presented and used to analyze 4 years (2010–13) of hydrographic data developed from the Argo profiling float array. Two types of thermobaric instabilities are defined and.
Stimulus-induced theta band LFP oscillations format spiking outputs in the mouse accessory olfactory bulb

The vomeronasal system (VNS) is dedicated to processing ethologically relevant chemosensory cues from other organisms. Its first central processing stage is the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), which sends information to downstream brain regions via spiking activity of its principal neurons, AOB mitral cells (AOB-MCs). Recent studies provided important insights about the functional properties of AOB-MCs and the stimulus aspects that they encode. However, very little is known about the principles that govern their coordinated activity and the manner by which AOB outputs are relayed to downstream regions. In many brain regions, network oscillations play a key role in orchestrating the activity of output neurons, and thereby facilitate and enhance transmission of information. A widely used readout of network processes and oscillations is the local field potential (LFP), which has been extensively studied in the main olfactory system (MOS) and, specifically, in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). To reveal population-level processes in the AOB, we analyzed LFP signals while presenting natural stimuli to anesthetized adult male and female mice. Our recordings reveal prominent LFP theta band oscillatory episodes with a characteristic spatial pattern across the AOB. Using a template matching approach, we find that network dynamics show varying degrees of similarity to this pattern throughout an experiment. Notably, both the similarity to this pattern, and the intensity of the pattern, are modulated by stimulus features. Analysis of LFP signal polarity and its spatial relationship to single unit activity, indicate that oscillatory episodes are generated locally within the AOB, likely representing a reciprocal interaction between AOB-MCs and granule cells (GCs). Co-examination of single unit and LFP activity suggests that oscillations appear when sensory activation surpasses a certain threshold. Importantly, spike times of many AOB-MCs are constrained to the negative LFP oscillation phase, in a manner that can drastically effect integration by downstream processing stages.
Sediment transport in rigid bed conveyances

This paper is based on extensive new experimental investigations of bedload transport of noncohesive sediments in fixed bed conveyances with no deposition. Using these new as well as previously available data an attempt has been made to resolve some differences in previously published work and to advance the understanding of the processes involved. The paper summarises the proposed methodologies and provides a thorough comparison with the alternative ones that exist in loose and fixed boundary conveyances.
EUPHAUSIIDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA-THE 1957 CRUISES

Euphasiid crustaceans in the Gulf of California were examined from four bimonthly CalCOFI grid cruises during February through August of 1957. Of the nine species found to regularly inhabit the Gulf, Nematoscelis dificilis and Nyctiphanes simplex are common to the warm-temperate California Current. These have the broadest ranges in the Gulf, peaking in abundance and reproducing maximally during February-April and February-June respectively, before intense August heating takes place in the Gulf. Euphausia eximia, a species having high densities at zones considered marginal to the eastern tropical Pacific, also varies little in range during the year, consistently occupying the southern half of the Gulf. Tropical Nematoscelis gracilis shows a range complementary to that of N. dificilis; these species overlap in the southern Gulf. Three Euphausia species of the tropical Pacific occupy the southern Gulf in February-April, expanding northward during June-August but, like the cool-water species, scarcely reproducing in the Gulf during the warm season. The distributions and abundances of the species and their life stages, particularly the youngest larvae, are described in relation to seasonal variation in flow and temperature in the Gulf. RESUMEN Se examinaron cruskiceos eufausidos del Golfo de California tornados durante cuatro cruceros bimensuales de CalCOFI entre febrero y agosto de 1957. De las nueve especies encontradas que regularmente habitan en el Golfo, Nematoscelis dificilis y Nyctiphanes simplex son comunes en las aguas templada-calidas de la Corriente de California. Estas especies presentan una distribucion amplia en el Golfo, alcanzando una maxima abundancia y reproduccion durante febrero-abril y febrero-junio, respectivamente, antes de llegar el calor intenso de agosto. Euphausia eximia, una especie de altas densidades en las zonas consideradas marginales a1 Pacifico tropical oriental, tambien varia poco en su amplitud de distribucion durante el aiio, ocupando consistentemente la mitad sur del Golfo. Nematoscelis gracilis, es tropical y muestra una distribucion complementaria con N. d$ficilis; estas especies concurren en el sur del Golfo. Tres especies de Euphausia del Pacifico tropical ocupan el sur del Golfo en febrero-abril, extendiendose hacia el norte durante junio-agosto, pero, como las especieg de agua fria, escasamente se reproducen en el Golfo durante la estacion calida. Las distribuciones y abundancias de IManuxript reccivcd 14 April I960 I las especies y de sus etapas de vida, en particular las de las larvas mas juveniles, se describen en relacion con las variaciones estacionales en el flujo y las temperaturas de las aguas del Golfo.