Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria sets for three types of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

Purpose of review A critique of the recently published classification criteria for three main types of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Recent findings An ACR and EULAR joint task force recently published classification criteria for three main types of ANCA-associated vasculitis. The criteria were based on patient histories and findings in nearly 7000 patients from 136 sites in 32 countries. As such the study represented hitherto the most intensive attempt to prepare classification criteria vasculitis. We propose, this truly intensive effort was, unfortunately, unsuccessful. There were two main mishaps. The first one was that the proposed criteria were not validated in an independent cohort. This is curious in that the sponsors, ACR and EULAR, require such independent cohorts for validation. The second mishap is that the concept that disease classification criteria need to be 100% sensitive and specific for a diagnosis is unrealistic. Moreover, all-purpose disease classification criteria are not respectful to scientific research and to the probabilistic nature of the art and the science of medicine. Summary The new ACR/EULAR ANCA-associated vasculitis guidelines have not been validated in independent cohorts. We propose replacing the term disease criteria with disease guidelines.
Demographic differences in the type of firearm and location of bodily injury in firearm suicide decedents

Abstract This study describes the type of firearm used and location of bodily injury among demographic subgroups of suicide decedents. Data on those who died by suicide via firearm from the National Violent Death Reporting System (N = 117,126) between the years 2003–2018 was utilized. A series of five logistic regression analyses examining the age of decedent, type of firearm, location of wound site, loaded vs. unloaded firearms, and locked vs. unlocked storage, using predictors including gender, race, who owns the firearm and age were performed. Findings have important public health implications. Increasing safe storage or removing the specific types of firearms one is likely to use in their death from the home during a time of crisis may decrease risk of suicide.
Fusion yield: Guderley model and Tsallis statistics

Abstract The reaction rate probability integral is extended from Maxwell–Boltzmann approach to a more general approach by using the pathway model introduced by Mathai in 2005 (A pathway to matrix-variate gamma and normal densities. Linear Algebr. Appl.396, 317–328). The extended thermonuclear reaction rate is obtained in the closed form via a Meijer's G-function and the so-obtained G-function is represented as a solution of a homogeneous linear differential equation. A physical model for the hydrodynamical process in a fusion plasma-compressed and laser-driven spherical shock wave is used for evaluating the fusion energy integral by integrating the extended thermonuclear reaction rate integral over the temperature. The result obtained is compared with the standard fusion yield obtained by Haubold and John in 1981 (Analytical representation of the thermonuclear reaction rate and fusion energy production in a spherical plasma shock wave. Plasma Phys.23, 399–411). An interpretation for the pathway parameter is also given.
Doping-induced charge redistribution in the high-temperature superconductor HgBa2CuO4+δ

To understand the link between doping and electronic properties in high-temperature superconductors, we report first-principles calculations on the oxygen doping effect for the single-layer cuprate HgBa 2 CuO 4 + δ . We find ionic behavior of the dopant atom up to δ=0.22. The excess oxygen attracts electrons from the CuO 2 plane leading to an increase of the hole concentration in this building block. The maximum amount of holes is reached when the dopant oxygen shell is closed. All theoretical findings are in excellent agreement with experimental observations. We propose that this doping behavior may be a characteristic feature of high-temperature superconductors with the filling of the dopant oxygen shell to be a limiting factor for the hole content in CuO 2 planes. Possible effects of the charge redistribution on T c are discussed.
DirectRMDB: a database of post-transcriptional RNA modifications unveiled from direct RNA sequencing technology

Abstract With advanced technologies to map RNA modifications, our understanding of them has been revolutionized, and they are seen to be far more widespread and important than previously thought. Current next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based modification profiling methods are blind to RNA modifications and thus require selective chemical treatment or antibody immunoprecipitation methods for particular modification types. They also face the problem of short read length, isoform ambiguities, biases and artifacts. Direct RNA sequencing (DRS) technologies, commercialized by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), enable the direct interrogation of any given modification present in individual transcripts and promise to address the limitations of previous NGS-based methods. Here, we present the first ONT-based database of quantitative RNA modification profiles, DirectRMDB, which includes 16 types of modification and a total of 904,712 modification sites in 25 species identified from 39 independent studies. In addition to standard functions adopted by existing databases, such as gene annotations and post-transcriptional association analysis, we provide a fresh view of RNA modifications, which enables exploration of the epitranscriptome in an isoform-specific manner. The DirectRMDB database is freely available at: http://www.rnamd. org/directRMDB/.
Inflation in multi-field random Gaussian landscapes

We investigate slow-roll inflation in a multi-field random Gaussian landscape. The landscape is assumed to be small-field, with a correlation length much smaller than the Planck scale. Inflation then typically occurs in small patches of the landscape, localized near inflection or saddle points. We find that the inflationary track is typically close to a straight line in the field space, and the statistical properties of inflation are similar to those in a one-dimensional landscape. This picture of multi-field inflation is rather different from that suggested by the Dyson Brownian motion model; we discuss the reasons for this difference. We also discuss tunneling from inflating false vacua to the neighborhood of inflection and saddle points and show that the tunneling endpoints tend to concentrate along the flat direction in the landscape.
Verification of North Atlantic warm conveyor belt outflows in ECMWF forecasts

A feature‐based approach is introduced to assess the quality of the representation of warm conveyor belts (WCBs) in high‐resolution forecasts of the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). WCBs are moist ascending airstreams in extratropical cyclones, which transport boundary‐layer air within 1–2 days poleward to the upper troposphere. The WCB outflow is typically characterised by low potential vorticity (PV), amplifying upper‐level ridges and in turn modifying the jet stream and downstream Rossby wave evolution. Therefore the correct representation of WCBs can be essential for medium‐range weather prediction. A three‐component verification measure PAL is introduced, measuring errors in the WCB outflow's PV anomaly (P component), the amplitude of the WCB (A component), and the location of the outflow (L component). The PAL approach is applied to North Atlantic WCBs in ECMWF forecasts during three winters between 2002/2003 and 2010/2011. For the latest winter, the PAL results are also compared to the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of upper‐level PV. It is shown that (i) the representation of WCBs improves for forecasts with a shorter lead time, (ii) PAL values are on average better for more recent forecasts, (iii) recent model versions show no systematic over‐ or underestimation of WCB intensity, (iv) individual medium‐range forecasts can be associated with large errors in particular in the amplitude of WCBs, and (v) the comparison of PAL and the ACC indicates that several poor forecasts in terms of ACC are indeed associated with significant errors in the representation of WCBs. Limitations of this study are also discussed.
The role of primary care in the cancer care continuum: a qualitative study of cancer survivors’ experiences

Abstract Objective To explore how cancer survivors have experienced their contacts with primary care after being diagnosed with cancer, focusing on the integration between cancer specialist and primary care, and participants’ views on what could make primary care services better at catering to the needs of cancer survivors. Design A qualitative study in which data was collected through semi-structured digital focus group interviews and analyzed using a template analysis approach. Setting and subjects Adult residents of Skåne, Sweden, who had been diagnosed with and initiated treatment for either of five common cancer forms, recruited through patient advocacy groups. Main outcome measures A qualitative description of participants’ experiences and perceptions as expressed in focus group interview data. Results Most participants felt that primary care services had not played a significant role for them, despite patterns of both increased and unmet health needs. Insufficient coordination and communication with specialist cancer care, low availability, lacking personal continuity, low cancer competence and lacking commitment to cancer-related needs were presented as barriers to satisfactory primary care. A strengthened bond between cancer and primary care services, privileged access, and holistic perspectives were all suggested as measures to make primary care more suitable to cancer survivors’ needs. Conclusion The study suggests that cancer survivors experience a range of issues that hinders primary care services from playing a productive role in the cancer care process. The results speak for a need for interventions to remove barriers to satisfactory primary care contacts in this group of patients. KEY POINTS The growing number of cancer survivors highlights the role of primary care services in the cancer care continuum. Despite the presence of unmet needs, few cancer survivors felt that primary care services had been significant to their care. Survivors identified a number of barriers to satisfactory primary care, including lacking coordination and communication between cancer and primary care. Strengthened links between healthcare services, privileged access, and holistic perspectives were suggested to improve primary care delivery for cancer survivors.
Higgs mechanism and symmetry breaking without redundant variables

The Higgs mechanism is reconsidered in the canonical Weyl gauge formulation of quantized gauge theories, using an approach in which redundant degrees of freedom are eliminated. As a consequence, its symmetry aspects appear in a different light. All the established physics consequences of the Higgs mechanism are recovered without invoking gauge symmetry breaking. The occurence of massless vector bosons in non-abelian Higgs models is interpreted as signal of spontaneous breakdown of certain global symmetries. Characteristic differences between the relevant ``displacement symmetries'' of QED and the Georgi Glashow model are exhibited. Implications for the symmetry aspects of the electroweak sector of the standard model and the interpretation of the physical photon as Goldstone boson are pointed out.
A Near-Infrared Search for Line Emission from Protogalaxies Using the W. M. Keck Telescope

We present the first results from a near-infrared narrowband search for primeval galaxies (PGs) using the Keck 10 m telescope. We have targeted our fields for three QSOs and one radio galaxy at redshifts z = 2.28 to z = 4.70. We selected narrowband filters in the K band centered on strong emission lines at the redshift of the targets. We reach limiting fluxes between 1.6 × 10-17 and 1.0 × 10-16 ergs s-1 cm-2, and cover a total area of ~4 arcmin2. At the redshifts of interest, these flux limits correspond to typical rest-frame line luminosities of ~1042-1043 ergs s-1, unobscured star formation rates of ~1-100 M☉ yr-1, and a sampled comoving volume of several tens of Mpc3. We have found no candidate PGs at a 2 σ confidence level. We demonstrate that for moderate dust absorption (AV ≳ 2 mag) in a simple dust-screen model, our preliminary survey puts a strong constraint on intrinsic PG luminosities during an initial burst of star formation. In the case of the QSOs, we have used point-spread function subtraction to search for the presence of faint, extended line emission surrounding these radio-quiet active galactic nuclei. We find no evidence for extended emission down to 3.7 × 10-17 ergs s-1 cm-2. This imposes limits on the reprocessed fraction of the QSO continuum emission ranging between 0.02% and 0.29%; if beaming effects are not important, then this implies similarly small covering factors for clouds optically thick to the QSO continuum emission.
Influencing factors of anxiety and depression of discharged COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China

Objectives This study is intended to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and been discharged from hospital (RD hereafter) in Wuhan, China, and to explore the factors associated with these mental disorders. Methods Participants of this study were the RD who were infected at the beginning of the outbreak from 13 communities in Jianghan District of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China by convenience sampling in mid-2021. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale, the Peace of Mind Scale, the Resilience Style Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire were used to collect relevant information of the participants. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to describe and analyze the data and to examine the factors associated with the mental health status of this population. Results In total, we recruited 1601 participants from 3059 COVID-19 patients, and 1541 participants completed the questionnaire survey, with a response rate of 96.25%. Finally, 1297 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study, of whom 28.8% and 37.9% reported mild to severe levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. Perceived better mental health status during hospitalization, higher frequency of alcohol use per week, peace of mind, higher education level, and resilience were negatively associated with anxiety, while stigma and history of psychological or emotional counseling before infection was positively associated with anxiety. More severe clinical classification of COVID-19 and stigma (AOR = 1.057, P<0.001) were both positively associated with depression, while perceived better mental health status during hospitalization (AOR = 0.564, P<0.001), higher frequency of alcohol use per week (AOR = 0.462, P = 0.004), peace of mind (AOR = 0.857, P<0.001), and social support (AOR = 0.972, P = 0.034) were negatively associated with depression. Conclusions Tailored interventions on reducing stigma, enhancing mindfulness and social support should be taken into account to alleviate anxiety and depression among RD.
SN 1998bw/GRB 980425 and Radio Supernovae

The unusual supernova SN 1998bw, which is thought to be related to the gamma-ray burster GRB 980425, is a possible link between these two classes of objects. Analyzing the extensive radio emission data available for SN 1998bw, we are able to describe its time evolution within the well-established framework available for the analysis of radio emission from supernovae. This then allows description of a number of physical properties of the object. The radio emission can be best explained as the interaction of a mildly relativistic (Γ ~ 1.6) shock with a dense, preexplosion stellar wind-established circumstellar medium that is highly structured both azimuthally, in clumps or filaments, and radially, with two observed density enhancements separated by ~3 × 1017 cm. With assumptions as to preexplosion stellar wind conditions, it is possible to estimate that the progenitor to SN 1998bw had a mass-loss rate of ~2.6 × 10-5 M☉ yr-1 with at least two ~40% density increases, the most recent extending from ~1600 to 4700 yr before explosion and the oldest known having occurred, possibly with comparable length, ~12,000 yr before explosion. Because of its unusual characteristics for a Type Ib/c supernova, the relation of SN 1998bw to GRB 980425 is strengthened, consequently improving our understanding of these poorly understood objects.
The Structural and Kinematic Evolution of Central Star Clusters in Dwarf Galaxies and Their Dependence on Dark Matter Halo Profiles

Through a suite of direct N-body simulations, we explore how the structural and kinematic evolution of a star cluster located at the center of a dwarf galaxy is affected by the shape of its host's dark matter density profile. The stronger central tidal fields of cuspier halos minimize the cluster's ability to expand in response to mass loss due to stellar evolution during its early evolutionary stages and during its subsequent long-term evolution driven by two-body relaxation. Hence clusters evolving in cuspier dark matter halos are characterized by more compact sizes, higher velocity dispersions and remain approximately isotropic at all clustercentric distances. Conversely, clusters in cored halos can expand more and develop a velocity distribution profile that becomes increasingly radially anisotropic at larger clustercentric distances. Finally, the larger velocity dispersion of clusters evolving in cuspier dark matter profiles results in them having longer relaxation times. Hence clusters in cuspy galaxies relax at a slower rate and, consequently, they are both less mass segregated and farther from complete energy equipartition than cluster's in cored galaxies. Application of this work to observations allows for star clusters to be used as tools to measure the distribution of dark matter in dwarf galaxies and to distinguish isolated star clusters from ultra-faint dwarf galaxies.
Nature of the unusual transient AT 2018cow from HI observations of its host galaxy

Context.Unusual stellar explosions represent an opportunity to learn about both stellar and galaxy evolution. Mapping the atomic gas in host galaxies of such transients can lead to an understanding of the conditions that trigger them.Aims. We provide resolved atomic gas observations of the host galaxy, CGCG137-068, of the unusual and poorly understood transient AT 2018cow, which we obtained in searching for clues to understand its nature. We test whether it is consistent with a recent inflow of atomic gas from the intergalactic medium, as suggested for host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and some supernovae (SNe). Methods.We observed the HIhyperfine structure line of the AT 2018cow host with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope.Results. There is no unusual atomic gas concentration near the position of AT 2018cow. The gas distribution is much more regular than the distributions of GRB/SN hosts. The AT 2018cow host has an atomic gas mass lower by 0.24 dex than predicted from its star formation rate (SFR) and is at the lower edge of the galaxy main sequence. In the continuum we detected the emission of AT 2018cow and of a star-forming region in the north-eastern part of the bar (away from AT 2018cow). This region hosts a third of the galaxy’s SFR.Conclusions. The absence of atomic gas concentration close to AT 2018cow, along with a normal SFR and regular HIvelocity field, sets CGCG137-068 apart from GRB/SN hosts studied in HI. The environment of AT 2018cow therefore suggests that its progenitor may not have been a massive star. Our findings are consistent with an origin of the transient that does not require a connection between its progenitor and gas concentration or inflow: an exploding low-mass star, a tidal disruption event, a merger of white dwarfs, or a merger between a neutron star and a giant star. We interpret the recently reported atomic gas ring in CGCG 137-068 as a result of internal processes connected with gravitational resonances caused by the bar.
CORUM: the comprehensive resource of mammalian protein complexes–2022

Abstract The CORUM database has been providing comprehensive reference information about experimentally characterized, mammalian protein complexes and their associated biological and biomedical properties since 2007. Given that most catalytic and regulatory functions of the cell are carried out by protein complexes, their composition and characterization is of greatest importance in basic and disease biology. The new CORUM 4.0 release encompasses 5204 protein complexes offering the largest and most comprehensive publicly available dataset of manually curated mammalian protein complexes. The CORUM dataset is built from 5299 different genes, representing 26% of the protein coding genes in humans. Complex information from 3354 scientific articles is mainly obtained from human (70%), mouse (16%) and rat (9%) cells and tissues. Recent curation work includes sets of protein complexes, Functional Complex Groups, that offer comprehensive collections of published data in specific biological processes and molecular functions. In addition, a new graphical analysis tool was implemented that displays co-expression data from the subunits of protein complexes. CORUM is freely accessible at http://mips.helmholtz-muenchen.de/corum/.
Stability of time-dependent Navier-Stokes flow and algebraic energy decay

Let $V$ be a given time-dependent Navier-Stokes flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in the whole space ($n=3,4$). Assume such $V$ to be small in $L^\infty(0,\infty; L^{n,\infty})$, where $L^{n,\infty}$ denotes the weak-$L^n$ space. The energy stability of this basic flow $V$ with respect to any initial disturbance in $L^2_\sigma$ has been established by Karch, Pilarczyk and Schonbek. In this paper we study, under reasonable conditions, the algebraic rates of energy decay of disturbances as $t\to\infty$.