Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Thermo-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid Sol-Gel to Prevent Intrauterine Adhesions after Hysteroscopic Surgery: A Randomized, Non-Inferiority Trial

Purpose To investigate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed thermo-responsive sol-gel, ABT13107, for reducing the formation of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) after hysteroscopic surgery. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, prospective, randomized trial (Canadian Task Force classification I), 192 women scheduled to undergo a hysteroscopic surgery at one of the eight university hospitals in South Korea were randomized into the ABT13107 group or the comparator (Hyalobarrier®) group in a 1:1 ratio. During hysteroscopic surgery, ABT13107 or Hyalobarrier® was injected to sufficiently cover the entire intrauterine cavity. Results The patients returned to their respective sites for safety assessments at postoperative weeks 1 and 4 and for efficacy assessments at postoperative week 4. The post-surgery incidence of IUAs was 23.4% in the ABT13107 group and 25.8% in the comparator group; this difference met the criteria for ABT13107 to be considered as not inferior to the comparator. No differences were found in the extent of adhesions, types of adhesions, or the cumulative American Fertility Society score between the two treatment groups. Most adverse events were mild in severity, and no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion ABT13107, a new anti-adhesive barrier containing hyaluronic acid, was not inferior to the highly viscous hyaluronic acid anti-adhesive barrier, Hyalurobarrier® in IUA formation after hysteroscopic surgery (Clinical trial registration No. NCT 04007211).
Scheduling Real-time Deep Learning Services as Imprecise Computations

The paper presents a real-time computing framework for intelligent real-time edge services, on behalf of local embedded devices that are themselves unable to support extensive computations. The work contributes to a new direction in realtime computing that develops scheduling algorithms for machine intelligence tasks that enable anytime prediction. We show that deep neural network workflows can be cast as imprecise computations, each with a mandatory part and (several) optional parts whose execution utility depends on input data. With our design, deep neural networks can be preempted before their completion and support anytime inference. The goal of the realtime scheduler is to maximize the average accuracy of deep neural network outputs while meeting task deadlines, thanks to opportunistic shedding of the least necessary optional parts. The work is motivated by the proliferation of increasingly ubiquitous but resource-constrained embedded devices (for applications ranging from autonomous cars to the Internet of Things) and the desire to develop services that endow them with intelligence. Experiments on recent GPU hardware and a state of the art deep neural network for machine vision illustrate that our scheme can increase the overall accuracy by 10% ∼ 20% while incurring (nearly) no deadline misses.
Fitness of influenza A and B viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir: A mini‐review

Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), that currently include oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), zanamivir (Relenza®), peramivir (Rapivab®) and laninamivir (Inavir®), constitute an important class of antivirals recommended against seasonal influenza A and B infections. NAIs target the surface NA protein whose sialidase activity is responsible for virion release from infected cells. Because of their pivotal role in the transcription/translation process, the polymerase acidic (PA) and polymerase basic 1 and 2 (PB1 and PB2, respectively) internal proteins also constitute targets of interest for the development of additional anti‐influenza agents. Baloxavir marboxil (BXM), an inhibitor of the cap‐dependent endonuclease activity of the influenza PA protein, was approved in the United States and Japan in 2018. Baloxavir acid (BXA), the active compound of BXM, demonstrated a potent in vitro activity against different types/subtypes of influenza viruses including seasonal influenza A/B strains as well as avian influenza A viruses with a pandemic potential. A single oral dose of BXM provided virological and clinical benefits that were respectively superior or equal to those displayed by the standard (5 days, twice daily) oseltamivir regimen. Nevertheless, BXM‐resistant variants have emerged at relatively high rates in BXM‐treated children and adults. Consequently, there is a need to study the fitness (virulence and transmissibility) characteristics of mutants with a high potential to emerge as such variants can compromise the clinical usefulness of BXM. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the fitness properties of influenza A and B isolates harbouring mutations of reduced susceptibility to BXA.
DpgC-catalyzed peroxidation of  DPA-CoA: insights into the spin-forbidden transition and charge transfer mechanisms.

Despite being a very strong oxidizing agent, most organic molecules are not oxidized in the presence of O$_2$ at room temperature because O$_2$ is a diradical while most organic molecules are closed-shell. Oxidation then requires a change in the spin state of the system, forbidden according to non-relativistic quantum theory. To overcome this limitation, oxygenases usually rely on metal or redox cofactors to catalyze the incorporation of, at least, one oxygen atom into an organic substrate. However, some oxygenases do not require any cofactor, and the detailed mechanism followed by these enzymes remains elusive. To fill this gap, here we study the mechanism for the enzymatic cofactor-independent oxidation of 3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA (DPA-CoA) combining multi-reference calculations on a model system, with QM/MM calculations. Our results reveal that intersystem crossing takes place without requiring the previous protonation of molecular oxygen. The characterization of the electronic states reveals that electron transfer is concomitant with the triplet-singlet transition. The enzyme plays a passive role in promoting the intersystem crossing, although spontaneous reorganization of the water-wire connecting the active site with the bulk presets the substrate for subsequent chemical transformations. Our results show that the stabilization of the singlet radical-pair between dioxygen and enolate is enough to promote spin-forbidden reaction without the need for neither metal cofactors nor basic residues in the active site.
Web‐Site Tenure in the Long‐Jawed Spider: Is It Risk‐Sensitive Foraging, or Conspecific Interactions?

Long-jawed spiders (Tetragnatha elongata) present a paradox to behavioral ecologists, because spiders in prey-rich habitats move to new web sites almost every night, while those in poor habitats rebuild their webs on precisely the same spot for many nights in a row. Caraco and Gillespie built a risk-sensitive foraging model to explain this paradox. Their model demonstrates that it may be advantageous to relocate more often when ex- periencing high prey capture rates (under certain regimes of spatiotemporal heterogeneity). However, their model had not been tested. I tested the Caraco-Gillespie model by con- ducting food addition experiments in the field with spiders in the poor habitat. The results do not support the model. A reexamination of the Caraco-Gillespie model suggests that it implicitly assumes unlikely larger scale patterns in prey availability. I present an alternative hypothesis to explain the paradox. Since nonspecific density is higher in rich habitats, I propose that more intense nonspecific interactions in rich habitats cause these spiders to move to new web sites more often. I conducted three replicates of a density reduction experiment in a rich habitat, and the results support the nonspecific density hypothesis. The results of these experiments challenge a widely cited example of risk-sensitive foraging, and underline the importance of explicitly considering multiple scales of variation in ecology.
A multi-institutional analysis of sternoclavicular joint coverage following osteomyelitis

Background Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) osteomyelitis is a rare pathology requiring urgent intervention. Several operative approaches have been described with conflicting reports. Here, we present a multi-institutional study utilizing multiple surgical pathways for SCJ reconstruction. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify patients who underwent surgical repair for sternoclavicular osteomyelitis between 2008 and 2019. Patients were stratified according to reconstruction approach: single-stage reconstruction with advancement flap and delayed-reconstruction with flap following initial debridement. Demographics, operative approach, type of reconstruction, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results Thirty-two patients were identified. Mean patient age was 56.2±13.8 years and 68.8% were male. The average body mass index (BMI) was 30.0±8.8 kg/m2. The most common infection etiologies were intravenous drug use and bacteremia (both 25%). Fourteen patients (43.8%) underwent one-stage reconstruction and 18 (56.2%) underwent delayed twostaged reconstruction. Both single and delayed-stage groups had comparable rates of reinfection (7.1% vs. 11.1%, respectively), surgical site complications (21.4% vs. 27.8%), readmissions (7.1% vs. 16.6%), and reoperations (7.1% vs. 5.6%; all P>0.05). The single-stage reconstruction group had a significantly lower BMI (26.2±5.7 kg/m2 vs. 32.9±9.1 kg/m2; P<0.05) and trended towards shorter hospital length of stay (11.3 days vs. 17.9 days; P=0.01). Conclusions Both single and delayed-stage approaches are appropriate methods with comparable outcomes for reconstruction for SCJ osteomyelitis. When clinically indicated, a single-stage reconstruction approach may be preferable in order to avoid a second operation as associated with the delayed phase, and possibly shortening total hospital length of stay.
Phosphatidylethanol for Monitoring Alcohol Use in Liver Transplant Candidates: An Observational Study

Liver transplantation remains an essential procedure for many patients suffering from alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol use monitoring remains paramount all through the stages of this complex process. Direct alcohol biomarkers, with improved specificity and sensibility, should replace traditional indirect markers. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) has been recently tested in alcoholic liver disease patients, but more evidence is needed, especially in comparison with other direct biomarkers. We conducted an observational study among patients awaiting liver transplantation. We analyzed Peth in blood, ethylglucuronide (EtG) in hair and urine and ethylsulphate (EtS) in urine, using mass spectrometry methods. In addition, transaminases, and self-reports were analyzed. A total of 50 patients were included (84% men, mean age 59 years (SD = 6)). 18 patients (36%) screened positive for any marker. Self-reports were positive in 3 patients. EtS was the biomarker with more positive screens. It also was the most frequently exclusive biomarker, screening positive in 7 patients who were negative for all other biomarkers. PEth was positive in 5 patients, being the only positive biomarker in 2 patients. It showed a false negative in a patient admitting alcohol use the previous week and screening positive for EtG and EtS. Hair EtG was positive in 3 patients who had negative Peth, EtG. EtG did not provide any exclusive positive result.A combination of biomarkers seems to be the best option to fully ascertain abstinence in this population. Our study suggest EtS might also play a significant role.
Metabolic Effects of a Eucalyptus Bark Lipophilic Extract on Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Non-Tumor Breast Epithelial Cells.

In this work, untargeted metabolomics was used to unveil the impact of a Eucalyptus (E. nitens) lipophilic outer bark extract on the metabolism of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-tumour breast cells. Integrative analysis of culture medium, intracellular polar metabolites and cellular lipids provided a comprehensive picture of cells metabolic adaptations, which enabled several hypotheses about the metabolic targets and pathways affected to be proposed. One of the most marked effects in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, upon 48h incubation with the E. nitens extract (15 µg/mL), comprised enhancement of the NAD+/NADH ratio, likely reflecting a shift to mitochondrial respiration, which appeared to be fuelled by amino acids and fatty acids resulting from hydrolysis of neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesteryl esters). Contrastingly, in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells, the E. nitens extract appeared to intensify glycolysis and the TCA cycle (resulting in decreased NAD+/NADH ratio) and had no effect on the cells lipid composition. This knowledge contributes to improve current understanding of the biological activity of E. nitens bark extracts, and is potentially useful to promote their development in the field of TNBC anticancer therapy.
A new experimental model to study human drug responses

Accurate prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics is critical for drug development. Oral drugs are particularly difficult because they are absorbed by the intestine and metabolized in the liver before systemic metabolism in vivo; this is called the first-pass effect and is a critical factor for predicting oral bioavailability (BA). Here, we fabricated a new networking and circulating cell culture system (NCCS), mimicking the circulatory system and interaction of organs for studying the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of oral drugs in vitro. NCCS consisted of a micro-pump for circulating fluids, two types of multi-insert culture dishes for culturing different cell types, and an orbital shaker for mixing; flow rate and shaking-speed were controlled by weight-sensors and drivers. A first-pass effect test was performed using functionally differentiated HepaRG and Caco-2 cell lines, using a new modified spheroid forming unit (SFU) protocol. To verify the similarity of PK (first-pass effect) data of NCCS with the data from the human body, 15 reference drugs were chosen and their associated data were obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. NCCS generated absorption and metabolism data showed >70% similarity to human data respectively. NCCS can also be used to demonstrate species differences. Animal models are the primary basis for drug discovery, development, and testing. However, the weak correlation between humans and animals, particularly regarding absorption and metabolism, is a substantial limitation for the use of animal models. Here we compare human and mouse acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism using NCCS, and its application can be extended to assess cellular responses, such as efficacy and toxicity, simultaneously.
Implementation of regional Acute Stroke Care Map increases thrombolysis rates for acute ischaemic stroke in Chinese urban area in only 3 months

Background The rate of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke remains low in China. We investigated whether the implementation of a citywide Acute Stroke Care Map (ASCaM) is associated with an improvement of acute stroke care quality in a Chinese urban area. Methods The ASCaM comprises 10 improvement strategies and has been implemented through a network consisting of 20 tertiary hospitals. We identified 7827 patients with ischaemic stroke admitted from April to October 2017, and 506 patients underwent thrombolysis were finally included for analysis. Results Compared with ‘pre-ASCaM period’, we observed an increased rate of administration of tissue plasminogen activator within 4.5 hours (65.4% vs 54.5%; adjusted OR, 1.724; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.45; p=0.003) during ‘ASCaM period’. In multivariate analysis models, ‘ASCaM period’ was associated with a significant reduction in onset-to-door time (114.1±55.7 vs 135.7±58.4 min, p=0.0002) and onset-to-needle time (ONT) (169.2±58.1 vs 195.6±59.3 min, p<0.0001). Yet no change was found in door-to-needle time. Clinical outcomes such as symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, favourable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) and in-hospital mortality remained unchanged. Conclusion The implementation of ASCaM was significantly associated with increased rates of intravenous thrombolysis and shorter ONT. The ASCaM may, in proof-of-principle, serve as a model to reduce treatment delay and increase thrombolysis rates in Chinese urban areas and possibly other highly populated Asian regions.
A Novel Cis-Acting RNA Structural Element Embedded in the Core Coding Region of the Hepatitis C Virus Genome Directs Internal Translation Initiation of the Overlapping Core+1 ORF

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome translation is initiated via an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) embedded in the 5′-untranslated region (5′UTR). We have earlier shown that the conserved RNA stem-loops (SL) SL47 and SL87 of the HCV core-encoding region are important for viral genome translation in cell culture and in vivo. Moreover, we have reported that an open reading frame overlapping the core gene in the +1 frame (core+1 ORF) encodes alternative translation products, including a protein initiated at the internal AUG codons 85/87 of this frame (nt 597–599 and 603–605), downstream of SL87, which is designated core+1/Short (core+1/S). Here, we provide evidence for SL47 and SL87 possessing a novel cis-acting element that directs the internal translation initiation of core+1/S. Firstly, using a bicistronic dual luciferase reporter system and RNA-transfection experiments, we found that nucleotides 344–596 of the HCV genotype-1a and -2a genomes support translation initiation at the core+1 frame AUG codons 85/87, when present in the sense but not the opposite orientation. Secondly, site-directed mutagenesis combined with an analysis of ribosome–HCV RNA association elucidated that SL47 and SL87 are essential for this alternative translation mechanism. Finally, experiments using cells transfected with JFH1 replicons or infected with virus-like particles showed that core+1/S expression is independent from the 5′UTR IRES and does not utilize the polyprotein initiation codon, but it requires intact SL47 and SL87 structures. Thus, SL47 and SL87, apart from their role in viral polyprotein translation, are necessary elements for mediating the internal translation initiation of the alternative core+1/S ORF.
Which cognitive functions subserve clustering and switching in category fluency? Generalisations from an extended set of semantic categories using linear mixed-effects modelling

Clustering and switching are hypothesised to reflect the automatic and controlled components in category fluency, respectively, but how they are associated with cognitive functions has not been fully elucidated, due to several uncertainties. (1) The conventional scoring method that segregates responses by semantic categories could not optimally dissociate the automatic and controlled components. (2) The temporal structure of individual responses, as characterised by mean retrieval time (MRT) and mean switching time (MST), has seldom been analysed alongside the more well-studied variables, cluster size (CS) and number of switches (NS). (3) Most studies examined only one to a few semantic categories, raising concerns of generalisability. This study built upon a distance-based automatic clustering procedure, referred to as temporal–semantic distance procedure, to thoroughly characterise the category fluency performance. Linear mixed-effects (LME) modelling was applied to re-examine the differential associations of clustering and switching with cognitive functions with a sample of 80 university students. Our results revealed that although lexical retrieval speed (LRS) is clearly the determining factor for effective clustering and switching, matrix reasoning and processing speed also have significant roles to play, possibly in the processes of identifying and validating the semantic relationships. Interestingly, total fluency score was accurately predicted by the four clustering/switching indices alone; including the cognitive variables did not significantly improve the prediction. These findings underline the importance of the clustering and switching indices in explaining the category fluency performance and the cognitive demands in category fluency.
Some Factors Affecting Population Size of the Bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae)

Some factors which affect the population size of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth) were studied by inspection of its cases collected from the field in witer. Average fecundity, frequency of reproductive females, percentage females, parasitism, and predation varied significantly among samples from different host plants and among samples from trees of Juniperus virginiana L. , all in the same grove. Percent mortality from unknown causes was significantly dependent on host species. Frequency of reproductive females was density dependent in bagworms feeding on J. virginiana. Groups of bagworms might escape parasites and other causes of mortality by colonizing new host individuals. Females which fed on Acer palmatum atropurpureum Nichols did not reproduce. If a 1: 1 sex ratio can be assumed to occur in bagworms at birth, males, on the average, suffered higher mortality than females.
Identifying barriers to referrals in preschool-age ocular screening in Southern India

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify barriers to follow-up among children aged 0–5 years who failed ocular screening. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted for screening children aged 0–5 years, covering three districts of South India from January 2012 to December 2012. Screening was performed under Lavelle Paediatric Eye Care Project, included under Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program. A survey was conducted within 60 days of the screening, with the parents of children who failed to follow up at base hospital. Family demographics, parental awareness of childhood eye diseases and eye care for children, and barriers to follow up eye care were assessed. Results: A total of 19,408 children were screened. Among them, 913 (4.7%) failed screening and were referred. 319 (35%) of those referred attended the base hospital, of which 133 (41.6%) had no abnormality on detailed examination. 111 (34.7%) had refractive errors, 10 (3%)) had strabismus, and three (1%) had amblyopia. 62 (19.4%) had other ocular conditions. Parents of 324/594 (65%) children who did not attend the base hospital were traced and completed the questionnaire. Low level of education, low income, types of occupation, and distance factors were the main barriers to follow-up of referral in preschool children. Factors such as cost of time taking off from work and monthly family income were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Education, financial status, and distance factors were the main barriers to follow up of referral in preschool children. Identification of these barriers to follow up and improving the referral services could help in detecting visual problem effectively.