Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cartilage destruction in experimental arthritis: age-related changes in effects of cytokines

The influence of both age and sex on antigen-induced arthritis in C57B1/10 mice was studied. Methylated bovine serum albumin was used to induce arthritis in young adult (3 months) and old (18 months) male and female mice. Arthritis became chronic and led to severe joint damage more often in 18-month-old female mice, compared with both young adult female mice and with male mice of both ages. Τ cell immunity and levels of antibodies against methylated bovine serum albumin were comparable in all groups. Antigen retention in the joint was greater in old compared with young adult mice of both sexes, and could therefore not entirely explain the increased prevalence of persistent arthritis in old females. Our data suggest that female hormones, in combination with age, are important factors in the chronicity and destructive character of this type of arthritis.
The cause, rate and economic implication of organ condemnation of cattle slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir, southwestern Ethiopia.

A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2010 to March 2011 to identify the major causes of organ condemnation in cattle slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir. An attempt was also made to estimate the direct economic loss due to condemnation of edible organs during meat inspection. A total of 900 cattle were examined by ante mortem and post mortem inspections using standard inspection procedures. During ante mortem inspection, the abnormities encountered were blindness (0.11%), depression (0.55%), edema (0.11%), alopecia (0.11%), lameness (0.11%), leech infestation (0.22%), tick infestation (2.44%) and respiratory signs (0.11%). In the post mortem inspection, 580(64.44% ) of Livers, 416 (46.22) % of Lungs, 11(1.22%) of Hearts and 18(2.00%) of Kidneys were condemned due to gross abnormalities. An estimated annual loss of 172,664.09 ETB (US$10464.5) was incurred due to condemnation of these organs. Fasciolosis was found to account 92.7% of all the losses. The findings showed that the rate of organ condemnation at the abattoir is very high which signifies the need for prompt disease control programs to be implemented.
Vasculitis Activity Score (version 3) Modification and validation of the Birmingham

http://ard.bmj. com/content/68/12/1827.full. html Updated information and services can be found at: These include: Material Supplemental http://ard.bmj. com/content/suppl/2009/11/19/ard.2008. 101279.DC1. html References http://ard.bmj. com/content/68/12/1827.full. html#related-urls Article cited in: http://ard.bmj. com/content/68/12/1827.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 25 articles, 9 of which can be accessed free at:
Hemşirelerin iş yaşamı kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi

Amac: Bu arastirma, hemsirelerin is yasami kalitesi (IYK) ve etkileyen faktorlerin belirlenmesi amaciyla tanimlayici olarak yapildi. Yontem: Arastirma, Istanbul ilinde yer alan dokuz ozel hastane ile uc egitim ve arastirma hastanesinde calisan 310 hemsire ile Mart 2013 ile Haziran 2013 tarihleri arasinda gerceklestirildi. Verilerin toplanmasinda hemsirelerin sosyo-demografik ozelliklerini iceren ‘’Tanitici Ozellikler Formu’’ ve ‘’Hemsirelik Is Yasami Kalitesi Olcegi’’ (HIYKO) kullanildi. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde, yuzdelik, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma, One-way Anova, Tukey HDS, Student t, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U ve ki-kare testleri kullanildi. Bulgular: Hemsirelerin HIYKO Cronbach’s Alpha katsayisinin 0.89 ve olcek ortalama puaninin 110.35±19.35 olarak iyi duzeyde oldugu belirlendi. Ozel hastanede calisan hemsirelerin HIYKO puan ortalamasi (115.12±19.12) iyi duzeyde, egitim ve arastirma hastanesinde (105.12±18.12) orta duzeyde bulundu. Hemsirelerin HIYKO alt boyut alanlarindan en yuksek puanin, egitim ve arastirma hastanesinde (3.50±0.65) ve ozel hastanede (3.68±0.63) is algisi alt boyut puanina, en dusuk puanin ise egitim ve arastirma hastanesinde is/calisma ortami (2.59±0.78), ozel hastanede ise is kosullari alt boyut puanina (3.02±0.50) ait oldugu goruldu. Hemsirelerin tanitici ozelliklerinden olan, yas grubu, egitim durumu ve mesleki ozelliklerinden olan calisilan kurum, aylik gelir, mesleki ve kurumdaki calisma suresi, haftalik calisma saati, is akisini belirten yazi veya cizelgenin varligi, kurumdaki kariyer hedeflerinin varligi, meslegi isteyerek secme, kurumdan ayrilma istegi, alinan kararlara katilimin saglanmasi ve yonetici hemsirelerin calisanlarina karsi adaletli davranma durumunun HIYKO alt boyutlarini etkiledigi ve aralarinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark oldugu goruldu (p<0.05). Sonuc: Hemsirelerin genel olarak ve ozel hastanede calisan hemsirelerin IYK’nin iyi duzeyde oldugu, egitim ve arastirma hastanesinde calisan hemsirelerin IYK’nin ise orta duzeyde oldugu goruldu. Ozellikle egitim arastirma hastanesinde calisan hemsirelerin is yasami kosullarinin iyilestirilmesi icin gerekli calismalarin saglik kurumlari yoneticileri tarafindan yurutulmesi ve hemsirelerin IYK’nin yukseltilmesi icin desteklenmesi onerildi.
Perceived Importance of Professionalism in Athletic Training Education and Practice

Perceived Importance of Professionalism in Athletic Training Education and Practice Chellsie Seyler, ATC Dr. Matt Kutz, Advisor Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences demographics with regards to perceived importance (PI) and frequency (F) of practice of professional behaviors in athletic training. The difference in perceived importance and frequency of practice of the professional behaviors was also investigated. There was minimal research in athletic training on the perceptions and practice of professional behaviors as defined in the Foundational Behaviors of Professional Practice. Methods and Procedures. Two instruments were developed, using the behaviors listed in the Foundational Behaviors of Professional Practice of the NATA’s Educational Competencies and from the Code of Professional Responsibility in the BOC’s Standards of Professional Practice. Surveys were distributed to students, young professionals and program directors. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc analysis as well as independent-sample t-tests and paired-sample t-tests. Validity and reliability were established through Pearson r correlations and Cronbach alphas. Results. The overall mean for F of practice of behaviors was higher than that of PI, with fewer differences being noted in PI for individual demographics. Significant differences were seen between males and female for several behavior categories. Students reported significantly lower scores for F and PI than any other demographic group. Conclusions. Fewer differences for PI indicate a consistent knowledge of athletic training professionals of the demographic behaviors. The lower scores in students require further investigation to determine whether differences were due to the educational background or lack of athletic training experience and practice.
Comparison of 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is an MRI technique that takes advantage of the non-random, linear diffusion of water through certain structures in the brain and allows imaging of white matter tract orientation and integrity not visible normally with T1 and T2-weighted MRI sequences. One of the main DTI measurements of linear diffusion is called fractional anisotropy (FA). Quantitative evaluation of multiple sclerosis (MS) demyelinating plaque size has shown that FA measurements have increased sensitivity compared to conventional T2 techniques (1,2). Recent studies have shown that differences exist in the measurement of FA between different magnetic field strength MRI imaging (3). This study was designed to see if higher magnetic strength 3T MRI would have different FA measurements compared to 1.5T MRI in patients affected with MS. Methods DTI (TR/TE 1700/min ms, b 1000, 25 directions) was performed on 18 patients affected with MS using both 1.5 and 3 Tesla MRI. FA was measured in different regions of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and included the splenium corpus callosum, genu corpus callosum, forceps minor, forceps major, cortical spinal tract and the midbrain. The mean FA values for each anatomical area and their differences were calculated for statistical significance. Results Eighteen patients with MS participated in the study. Ten NAWM regions were chosen and studied in these patients. For each white matter region, the mean FA values for both 1.5 and 3 Tesla studies were compared and determined for statistical difference. No statistical difference was found between mean FA values in 1.5 and 3 Tesla DTI studies for 8 of the 10 white matter regions studied. Two regions showed mild statistical difference, which may be attributable to random measuring variability or to a higher sensitivity in measuring FA with higher magnetic field strength, as suggested by previous studies (3).
Composition of Dental Resin and Composite Materials

The purpose of this investigation was to develop routine methods for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the monomers in dental resin and composite materials. The content of inorganic fillers was determined by combustion analysis. Total filler content of the so-called microfill materials was determined after removing the monomers and additives by means of a solvent.The monomers were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by means of high performance liquid chromatography. The components in the liquid resin systems were separated by adsorption, partition and gel permeation chromatography. Semi-preparative columns were used for separation of unknown monomers. The fractions were analyzed by means of infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, proton and carbon thirteen magnetic resonance spectroscopy.This investigation demonstrates the variety in composition of dental resin and composite materials.
Survival Songs: How Refugee and Immigrant Women Experienced Violence

Survival songs: How refugee and immigrant women experienced violence Judith Cooper Heitzman May 14, 2005 An interest in privileging the voices of women who are marginalized in many parts of the world coupled with knowledge of the restorative properties of music cultivated this qualitative study. Seven women, ages 20-49 years of age, from three continents were asked the following grand tour questions: What was your experience of violence? What were the residual grief and loss issues that you faced? What, if any, role did music play in helping you cope with the stress of surviving violence? Participants were required to (a) be over 18 years old, (b) currently reside in the United States, (c) have left their native country because of violence, and (d) have arrived in the United States since 1992 with refugee or immigrant status. Individual interviews of approximately 2-1/2 hours were held with each participant. Data were collected via audiotape and then transcribed. Using a grounded theory method, ATLAS-ti was used to create open and axial codes, leading to themes and a theory of these women’s experiences. A composite metaphoric story was written and punctuated with quotations from the raw data.
Male youth predisposition to drug and substance abuse in Dagoretti District, Nairobi County

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on male-youth predisposition to drug and substance abuse in Dagoretti district. In the study, a close examination of the types of drugs and substances abused by the male youths in Dagoretti and the effects of drugs and substance abuse on male youth in Dagoretti district were conducted. The study was deemed important in providing strategic and evidence-based approaches in dealing with drugs and substance abuse amongst male youth in Dagoretti district. The study used social cognitive learning theory in the diagnosis of drugs and substance abuse. The study used simple random sampling to select respondents for the survey questionnaires while purposive sampling was used to select key informants and persons for case narratives. Data was collected through surveys and key informant interviews alongside case narratives. Analysis was done through the use of SPSS and thematic approach for the qualitative data. The findings indicate that Drugs and Substance Abuse have been closely associated with peer pressure which easily drives them into DSA. The average age of drug and substance abuse in the district is 20 years with an increase from 49.4% to 54% which is a statistical significance in the amount of drug abuse. In most of these situations, parents and other guardians lack the skills to intervene. The study concludes that Drug and substance abuse has high prevalence in Dagoretti and affects both in-school and out of school youths in the district. The average age at which the drug abuse peaks is established to be 20 years amongst the male youths while the least age at the start of drug abuse in this study is 15 years. Alcohol, tobacco and khat are the most abused drugs in the district given their availability and the legal status that the drugs enjoy in the country. However,
Canine hip dysplasia in a prospective cohort study - Incidence, risk factors and long-term effects in four large breeds

The study-objective was to measure the effect of weight and growth related parameters on the risk of development of Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD). The hypothesis was that heavy and fast growing dogs of large sized breeds were at increased risk of development of CHD compared to lighter and slower growing dogs. A prospective cohort study was conducted among dogs of four large breeds: Newfoundland (NF), Leonberger (LEO), Labrador retriever (LR), and Irish wolfhound (IW). The dogs were privately owned with individualized nutrition and environment, and they were followed from birth and throughout the growth period until the official screening for CHD was performed. The study sample consisted of 501 dogs from 103 litters, with the breed distribution 125 NF, 180 LEO, 133 LR, and 63 IW. Because the dogs were clustered in litters a multivariable random effects logistic regression model was used to assess statistically significant growth-related risk factors for CHD. The estimated incidence risk of CHD was 36% in NF, 25% in LEO, 20% in LR, and 10% in IW. Based upon the final multilevel model it appears that the odds of CHD among both LR and IW (odds ratio (OR) 0.22) are about one-fifth of the odds for NF. The odds for LEO (OR 0.60) are not significantly different from NF. There appeared to be an inverse relationship between body weight at 3 months of age and odds of CHD, with an OR of 0.89 (P = 0.044). The degree of clustering at the litter-level was high (22.6%) and highly significant (P < 0.001). Findings failed to support the hypothesis that heavy and fast growing dogs from four large sized breeds were at increased risk for development of CHD. There might be other unmeasured environmental risk factors for CHD in this cohort of dogs, although the contribution of the genetic variance to the litter-level clustering also needs further investigation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
THE IN-VITRO ASCARICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN ETHNO VETERINARY PRACTICES IN UGANDA

Twenty-one plants were identified through preliminary field surveys and seven were selected for in vitro anti-helminthic activity against Ascaris suum. Of the seven plants that were initially screened, five gave appreciable positive results while two did not. The ED50s obtained were: 1.62mg/ml (Tetradenia riparia), 4.13mg/ml (Cassia occidentalis), 12.50 mg/ml (Carica papaya) and 16.75mg/ml (Momordica foetida). The research findings showed that Tetradenia riparia, Cassia occidentalis, Carica papaya, Momordica foetida and Erythrina abysinnica may be of value in the treatment of helminthiasis; whereas Moringa oleifera and Cannabis sativa are probably ineffective or of limited value for the same purpose.
GINI DP 86: Inequalities at work Job quality, Health and Low pay in European Workplaces

Using data from the two most recent waves of the European Working Conditions Survey we study inequalities in health, job quality and low pay in 15 European countries. Our health indicators refer to physical and mental health symptoms reported by the worker. A summary indicator of job quality is constructed using information on the working conditions experienced by the worker. Results show considerable differences within and between countries in the health status of workers, ceteris paribus. We show that bad jobs are correlated with adverse health conditions at work. We also show that specific cross-country features influence the relationship between job conditions and health problems, and that heterogeneity in job quality exists across countries.
The Clinical Results of Conservative Treatment of Frozen Shoulder Using Continuous Passive Motion

Background: The purpose of this study is to administer conservative treatment in 30 patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder, following the suggested frozen shoulder rehabilitation program and to assess the clinical outcome using a prospective study. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with idiopathic frozen shoulder, treated with steroid hormone injection on the articular joint with an intra-articular steroid (triamcinolone 40 mg+lidocaine 4 ml) injection and started on stepwise shoulder extension exercise were chosen. The subjects were divided into two groups of 15 people each with one group undergoing rehabilitation with continuous passive motion (CPM) and the other group without it. Follow-ups were done before rehabilitation and at 4-week intervals with the 24th being the final week. At every follow-up, passive range of motion (ROM) was measured and surveys on pain and clinical score were administered. Results: In the last follow-up, both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all evaluation criteria. However, no statistical difference in all values of the ROM and Constant score evaluation criteria was observed between the groups. Only in the last follow-up, group 1 had a visual analog scale (VAS) score of 2.4 ± 2.1 points, which was lower, with statistical significance, than the VAS score of group 2, which was 4.4 ± 3.1 points (p Conclusions: Study using CPM in treatment of frozen shoulder has been inadequate, meaning that there is still room for improvement and need for more study on setting a more specific protocol and guidelines for this procedure.
The Comparison of Hysterosalpingography and Laparoscopy in Predicting Fertility

Objective of the study was to compare the prognostic significance of Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy for fertility outcome . Materials and Method: Study was conducted in Radiology Departments of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore and Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from June to November 2005. Hysterosalpingography was performed on 100 patients being investigated for infertility. Later all study patients were investigated with Laparoscopy. Findings of both these investigations were compared for their ability to demonstrate anatomy and pathology of fallopian tubes, uterine cavity, intrapelvic peritoneal adhesions, and intraperitoneal contrast/ dye spill. Results: On HSG 68% patients showed bilateral intraperitoneal contrast spill demonstrating patency of both fallopian tubes, 22% showed unilateral spill and 10% showed no spill. On laparoscopy, 28% patients showed bilateral intrapelvic spill of dye, 18% showed unilateral spill, while 55% patients showed no intrapelvic spill of dye. Difference in determination of tubal patency was significant (p < 0.001) between both these methods. There was no significant difference between two techniques in demonstrating hydrosalpinx and uterine cavity. On HSG 24% patients showed bilateral peritoneal adhesions, 28% showed unilateral while 50% patients were without such adhesions. Using laparoscopy, the number of patients with bilateral adhesions was 39%, while 16%patients had unilateral and 4% were without peritoneal adhesions. Results with two techniques differed significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion Hystero-salpingography was found to be significantly more accurate in showing patency of fallopian tubes and thus predicting future prognosis in patients being managed for infertility. It is less invasive as compared to laparoscopy and is reliable and almost equally useful method for evaluating internal architecture of female reproductive tract. Utilizing HSG it may be possible to minimize the use of invasive procedures like laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Laparoscopy was found to be more useful than HSG in demonstrating pelvic adhesions. Key Words Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Laparoscopy, Hysteroscopy, Infertility, Peritoneal adhesions, Tubal patency, Hydrosalpinx.
How Useful Is the Expert Practitioner Role of the Clinical Nurse Consultant to the Generalist Community Nurse

Objective: The objective was to draw attention to the clinical component of the clinical nurse consultants' (CNC) role in the community. Design: Quasi experimental research design that used descriptive statistics for data analysis. Setting: An urban community nursing organisation comprising six community nursing Centres within the northern part of a major Australian city. Subjects: A self selected sample of nine generalist community nurses (GCN) for a focus group. Information gained from this group informed the development of a questionnaire, which was sent to a convenience sample (n=125) of GCNs. Participation was voluntary and participants were not identified. Seventy eight questionnaires were returned within the specified time frame, providing a return rate of 62.4%. Results: Three main themes emerged: - enabling the community nurses' role; - accessing clinical knowledge/expert practitioner; and - valuable resource. The main reasons community nurses accessed CNCs were for clinical knowledge (73%) and problem solving (70%); the majority (82.9%) indicated visiting patient' homes with the CNCs was most useful. Conclusion: As the complexity of patients' needs at home increase, CNCs have taken on an integral clinical role within the organisation. The positive working relationship between the CNCs and GCNs presumably had enhanced patient outcomes and improved patient health status. A significant strength of the survey was the consistent responses in favour of CNCs working in the community with the GCNs. A limitation is that the response rate was small (n=78) and results cannot be generalised. Results of this survey could serve to inform future work force planning.