Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The optineurin oligomer: its existence as a major form in cells and cross-linking upon oxidative stimuli through ubiquitin binding domain

Optineurin gene, OPTN, is one of the causative genes of primary open-angle glaucoma. Although the oligomerization of optineurin in cultured cells was previously observed by gel filtration analysis and blue native gel electrophoresis (BNE), there is no detailed information about the feature of optineurin oligomer. The present study aims to analyze the oligomeric state of optineurin and its affecting factors, such as environmental stimuli or the mutations of optineurin. Here, we demonstrated that both endogenous and transfected optineurin exist as homo-oligomer, rather than monomer in NIH3T3 cells using BNE or immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We also applied in situ proximity ligation assay to visualize the self-interaction of optineurin in fixed HeLaS3 cells and reveal that the optineurin homo-oligomer was localized diffusely in cytoplasm. Optineurin homo-oligomer was usually detected as a single band at the size equal to optineurin monomer by SDS-PAGE, while there was an additional protein band with larger size observed when cells were treated with H2O2 before cell lysis followed by SDS-PAGE. The protein complex with larger size was proved to be optineurin homo-oligomer by immunoprecipitation and therefore called covalent optineurin homo-oligomer. Interestingly, in most common glaucoma-associated mutation of optineurin, E50K expressing cells, the covalent homo-oligomer was formed even without H2O2 stimulation. Anti-oxidants inhibited the formation of E50K-induced covalent homo-oligomer in different degrees. A series of truncated constructs of optineurin was used to reveal that covalent homo-oligomer might be optineurin trimer and the ubiquitin binding domain is essential for this trimer formation. Our results indicates that optineurin trimer might be the basic unit of the homo-oligomer. The oligomeric state can be affected by many factors, like demonstrated here that some covalent bond(s) is induced by H2O2 or transfection of E50K, which provides a novel insight into E50K pathogenesis. Furthermore, the regulation of oligomeric state becomes important worth further studies. *E-mail address: mino@hama-med.ac. jp (S. Minoshima)
Effect of vermicompost on soil fertility and the nutritional status of Andrographis paniculata and Euphorbia hirta

The consumption of organic wastes by earthworms is an ecologically safe method to naturally convert many organic wastes into environmentally beneficial products. Worm farming and the benefits of vermicompost has been well documented and has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. In this context, the present study attempts to evaluate the effect of vermicompost on soil fertility and the nutritional status of the two selected medicinal plants, namely Andrographis paniculata and Euphorbia hirta.
Modelling and simulation of a closed-loop electrodynamic shaker and test structure model for spacecraft vibration testing

During launch a spacecraft is subjected to a variety of dynamical loads transmitted through the launcher to spacecraft interface or air-born transmission excitations in the acoustic pressure field inside the fairing. As a result, spacecraft are tested on ground to ensure and demonstrate the global integrity of the structure against these loads, to screen the flight hardware for quality of workmanship and to validate mathematical models. This paper addresses the numerical modelling and simulation of the low frequency sine and random vibration tests performed on electrodynamic shaker facilities to comprise the mechanical-borne transmission loads through the launcher to spacecraft interface. Consequently, the paper reviews techniques and methodologies to derive a reliable and representative coupled virtual vibration testing simulation environment based on experimental data. These technologies are explored with the main objectives to ensure a stable, reliable and accurate control while testing. As a result, the use of the derived simulation models in combination with the added value of improved control and signal processing algorithms can lead to a safer and smoother vibration test control of the entire environmental test campaign.
Effect of the average daily milk yield during postpartum transition period on various physico- chemical, compositional and microbiological characteristics of bovine colostrum

The current investigation was undertaken with the aim of studying the effect of average milk yield of the animal on various physico-chemical, compositional and microbiological characteristics of colostrum. In this study the data was generated using the colostrum obtained from animals with different milk yield. The animals were then assigned to three different groups viz group A, group B and group C according to their average milk yield per day, Group A – animals yielding 2-4 litres of milk per day; Group B – animals yielding 5-7 litres of milk per day; Group C – animals yielding 8-10 litres of milk per day. During the study, it was found that the specific gravity and fat content of the colostrum samples of group A animals possessed significantly (et al 0.05) higher values compared to group B animals. Fat, total protein, whey proteins and total solids of group C animals was significantly (et al 0.05) higher compared to group B animals. The Casein protein of group C animals showed significantly (et al 0.05) higher values compared to both group A and group B animals which among themselves possessed comparable values. The lactose content of group A animals was significantly (et al 0.05) higher than both group B and group C animals which among themselves possessed comparable values for lactose. The solids not fat, ash, pH, electrical conductivity and total plate count (TPC) of the colostrum samples from different milk yield groups showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference among themselves.
Effect of organic manure amended sulphur on transformation of different fractions in calcareous soil of Bihar

A laboratory investigation was conducted with seven levels of sulphur alone and along with organic manure to study changes in different fractions in the post-harvest soil after Mustard crop. The added Sulphur was dominantly transformed into organic-sulphur in soils and it constituted 40.5-53.1 per cent of the total sulphur present in post-harvest soils. Application of organic manures were able to restrict the leaching loss of S to a great extent. All the fractions of S were in a dynamic equilibrium as evident from correlation studies. All the forms of sulphur except non-sulphate-S were found to be significantly correlated with most of the plant parameters of mustard like S-concentration in seed and straw, S-uptake by seed and straw, total sulphur uptake and available S-content in post-harvest soil, the higher correlation coefficient values being in case of sulphate -S, total water soluble-S and heat soluble-S. Similar correlation was obtained in case of rice crop also. In addition, the rice grain and straw yields also significantly correlated with different S pools. The stepdown multiple regression indicated the importance of sulphate-S, total water soluble-S and organic-S in explaining the variation in mustard and rice yield and yield parameters satisfactorily.
Context‐dependent changes in the functional composition of tree communities along successional gradients after land‐use change

Land‐use change can modify the functional composition of tree communities, which is an essential determinant of the ecosystem functions. The lack of consensus about the functional responses of tree communities to land‐use change is a major uncertainty in the assessments of human impacts on terrestrial ecosystem functions. In this study, we applied a machine‐learning method to a large data set consisting of 2574 tree communities across Japan to examine changes in the functional composition of tree communities after land‐use change while considering contexts including successional trajectories, forest types and the presence of gymnosperms. Specifically, we hypothesized that functional changes along successional gradients after land‐use change can be different in different contexts. Effects of two successional variables (stand age and basal area) on functional composition were highly significant throughout the study region. Changes in functional composition with changes in the two successional variables differed greatly, and the effects of basal area often outweighed those of stand age. Tree communities with small basal area were generally characterized by functional traits related to the resource‐acquisitive strategy, that is short adult stature, low leaf mass per unit area, small seeds, low wood density and large leaves, especially when gymnosperms were excluded from the analysis. Decreasing basal area but not decreasing stand age often led to a considerable loss in functional diversity. Despite these general trends, functional changes along successional gradients after land‐use change were not necessarily parallel and the opposite patterns were sometimes observed among forest types, traits and taxonomic groups. Synthesis. As a whole, our analyses demonstrate that the functional changes in tree communities after land‐use change are highly evident in a given context but can be different under different contexts. These changes in functional composition can trigger variable changes in ecosystem functions such as carbon and nutrient cycling that depend on the context.
Effect of crop establishment techniques and weed management practices on productivity and nutrient uptake of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa)

A field experiment was conducted at Modipuram, Meerut during the kharif season of 2007-08 and 200809 to study the effect of crop establishment techniques and weed management practices on the productivity and nutrient uptake of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this investigation four rice establishment techniques viz; puddled transplanting, unpuddled transplanting, puddled drum seeding and direct sowing (line sowing) and six weed management practices viz., weedy, weed free, pendimethalin PE @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha, pendimethalin PE @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + hand weeding at 30 DAS, pendimethalin PE @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + almix PoE @ 4 g a.i./ha and pendimethalin PE @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl PoE @ 70 g a.i./ha were tested in split plot design with three replications. The study revealed that puddled transplanted rice, being at par with puddled drum seeding recorded significantly highest numbers of panicles/m (311.3 and 315.7), panicle length (28.9 and 30.6 cm), (151.7 and 155.7 cm), yield of rice, grain yield (5.99 and 6.14 t/ha), straw yield, nutrient uptake. Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + hand weeding followed by pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + almix @ 4 g a.i./ha recorded significantly highest grain yield (59.8 and 62.5 q/ha), straw yield (83.4 and 85.6 q/ha), harvest index of rice, nutrient uptake. The study recommended that the cultivation of hybrid rice with drum seeding establishment technique with pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + almix @ 4 g a.i./ha gave the maximum yield and economic benefit to the farmers of India.
Pre-harvest application of azoxystrobin minimised anthracnose of mango (cv. ‘Alphonso’) both at field and postharvest level enhancing yield and quality of fruits

In the present investigation a new strobulurin fungicide azoxystrbin was compared with widely used carbendazim and other previously used fungicides on its efficacy in managing anthracnose disease of mango. Also as a need of an hour performance of non-pollutive bioagents and botanicals against the disease were also tested. Pre-harvest sprays of azoxystrobin at 0.1 % significantly minimised the field inocula (24.54 %) on mango leaves and thereby reduced the latent infection and manifestation of the anthracnose disease (3.3 %) on fruits at postharvest stage. Bioagents were slightly effective in combating the disease. The botanical Eupatorium odoratum performed in significance to control, though noncomparable to azoxystrobin. Suppression of the disease by Azoxystrobin lead to high fruit yield (70.56 kg/tree) and enhanced fruit quality in terms of weights of fruit, pulp, peel and stone, pulp recovery and fruit volume. Fruits in this treatment had ideal specific gravity (1.02 g/cc) at harvest.
Comparative analysis of leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit sugar content in trees of Citrus cultivar 'Huangguogan' of different age

Citrus trees of cv. Huangguogan, 8-, 30-, and 280-year-old (8s, 30s, and 280s, respectively), were used to explore the photosynthesis and related enzyme activity. In spring shoot leaves, net photosynthetic rate (PN) of the 280s was significantly lower than that of the 30s and 8s, but it was opposite in summer shoot leaves. PN of the summer shoots was higher than that of the spring shoots. PN was significantly positively correlated with stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate, but was negatively correlated with maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. The effect of age on variable fluorescence/minimal fluorescence was similar to that of minimal fluorescence, variable fluorescence, maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state. Fruits of the 280s had significantly lower sugar components than those of the 8s and 30s. Results showed that fruits of the 8s and 30s actively accumulated photosynthesis products, which was verified by the higher PN in the spring shoots, lower acidic invertase and neutral invertase activities, and higher sucrose phosphate synthase than that of the 280s.
Effect of different levels of phosphorus on performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

An experiment on response of barley varieties (Super laxmi, NDB-2 and NDB-1445) to levels of phosphorus (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha-1) was conducted during 2015-16 rabi season at ITM University, Gwalior. Variety Super laxmi recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers, dry matter production, spike length, 1000 grain weight and grain and straw yield over varieties NDB-2 and NDB-1445. Application of phosphorus at 30 and 45 kg ha-1 resulted in significantly higher plant hight, tiller number, dry matter production, spike length, 1000 grain weight, grain, straw and biological yield over that of 0 and 15 kg phosphorus ha-1. The harvest index was higher at 0 level of phosphorus over that recorded with phosphorus application and similar among other phosphorus levels.
A review: Chilli anthracnose, its spread and management

Chilli anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp, is one of the main causes for post-harvest decay of chilli. It can develop on the field, during long distant transport, cold storage and shelf-life. In conventional agriculture, the whole plant including the fruits, are sprayed with fungicides as a prerequisite for post-harvest control of chilli anthracnose. Due to consumer concerns regarding the use of synthetic fungicides and the demand for safer storage methods, the use of synthetic fungicides is no longer allowed for the post-harvest control of chilli anthracnose. As a result, studies on alternative methods to control post-harvest decay have been developed over the years along with the demand for safer storage methods. In this review, results published within the last decade have been summarized and alternative approaches to synthetic fungicides for post-harvest control of chilli anthracnose were discussed in detail. Overall, the use of natural antimicrobials, biocontrol agents, resistant cultivars and ozone shows promise as treatments that can be adopted on a commercial scale to control post-harvest chilli anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species.
Dynamic Origin of the Interannual Variability of West China Autumn Rainfall

The dynamic origin of the interannual variability of West China autumn rainfall (WCAR), a special weather/climate phenomenon over western-central China in September and October, was investigated via observational diagnosis and numerical simulations. Here we found that the interannual variability of WCAR is closely related to the local horizontal trough, which is passively induced by two lower-level anticyclonic (high pressure) anomalies over East Asia. The anticyclonic anomaly over the south is a Gill-type response to the central and eastern Pacific diabatic cooling, while that over the north is part of the mid- to high-latitude barotropic Rossby wave train, which could be induced by either the thermal forcing of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) cooling or that of the subtropical northern Atlantic Ocean SST warming. The quasi-barotropic high pressure anomaly over East Asia acts as an “invisible mountain” that steers the low-level anomalous southwesterly into a southeasterly and hinders the water vapor going farther to the north, leading to enhanced WCAR. However, the real mountain ranges in the region (the Qinglin and Ba Mountains) have no essential impact on the formation and interannual variability of WCAR.
Phytotoxic effect of Emblica officinalis on germination and growth parameters of some agricultural crops of Bundelkhand region

Emblica officinalis is very important MPTs and fruits species of semiarid region of the country grown by the farmers for number of uses preferable on the farm boundary and also intercropped with different crop combinations. The study was conducted to determine the effect of different plant part extracts of Emblica officinalis on seed germination and related parameters of 5 agricultural crops i.e. wheat, chickpea, lentil, mustard and barley. The studies showed that Mustard crop was most of affected by extract of different parts of Emblica officinalis having mean value 91.33% - 94.67%. The Mustard recorded least values for root length for all the plant extracts as well as concentrations. Seed germination and shoot root length of Mustard was found to be non-significant and aqueous effect increased with increasing in the concentration of aqueous fresh leaf, bark and root extract from 5 to 20%.
Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators and micronutrients on quality of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) CV. Sai Sarbati

The field study was carried out at Sweet Orange Research station, Badnapur, Dist. Jalna during 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments and three replication. Observations were recorded on juice per cent, peel per cent, total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars. Among all the treatments, Treatment T11, GA3 (50 ppm) + ZnSO4 (1%) + FeSO4 (1%) recorded maximum TSS (8.570B), Ascorbic acid (30.35 mg/100 ml juice), juice per cent (50.60%), total sugars (1.825%), reducing sugars (0.90%),non-reducing sugar (0.92%) and maximum per cent acidity (7.07%) and minimum peel per cent (25.21%).
Habitat Characteristics of Montezuma Quail Foraging Areas in West Texas

Abstract Little information is known about the foraging habitat of Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) in Texas, USA. We compared habitat characteristics of foraging and nonforaging areas to identify trends in habitat attributes across sites with varying levels of quail use on Elephant Mountain Wildlife Management Area in Brewster County, Texas, USA, during May–August 2001. We delineated foraging and nonforaging areas using a system of parallel transects (100 m apart) that spanned the length of the grassland and covered the entire area. We walked transects every 3–5 days searching for signs of feeding (i.e., diggings). We documented a higher mean density of Allium spp. plants in foraging (95% CI: 12.1 ± 4.3 plants/m2) than nonforaging areas (95% CI: 0.8 ± 0.6 plants/m2). Foraging areas also exhibited a greater mean slope (95% CI: 22.6 ± 2.9% vs. 8.0 ± 2.1%). However, species richness, diversity, and equitability were similar between the foraging (23, 6.5, and 0.3, respectively) and nonforaging area (29, 7.6, 0.3). We observed a decreasing trend in density of Allium spp. plants, number of stones, and slope from high- to no-use sites. These 3 variables appear to be key habitat features associated with foraging areas of Montezuma quail in west Texas.
Spin-current version of solar cells in non-centrosymmetric magnetic insulators

Photovoltaic effect, e.g., solar cells, converts light into DC electric current. This phenomenon takes place in various setups such as in noncentrosymmetric crystals and semiconductor pn junctions. Recently, we proposed a theory for producing DC spin current in magnets using electromagnetic waves, i.e., the spin-current counterpart of the solar cells. Our calculation shows that the nonlinear conductivity for the spin current is nonzero in a variety of noncentrosymmetric magnets, implying that the phenomenon is ubiquitous in inversion-asymmetric materials with magnetic excitations. Intuitively, this phenomenon is a bulk photovoltaic effect of magnetic excitations, where electrons and holes, visible light, and inversion-asymmetric semiconductors are replaced with magnons or spinons, THz or GHz waves, and asymmetric magnetic insulators, respectively. We also show that the photon- driven spin current is shift current type, and as a result, the current is stable against impurity scattering. This bulk photovoltaic spin current is in sharp contrast to that of well-known spin pumping that takes place at the interface between a magnet and a metal.
Narrow and broadband light emission in layered organic lead halide perovskites: interplay between weak electron-lattice interactions and defect-related effects

2-Dimensional metal Halide Perovskites (2D-HP) are at the limelight for their potential exploitation in light-emission related applications. In particular, the most-investigated <001<-terminated 2D HP family shows dominant narrow light emission, with reduced Stokes shift, of great interest for display applications. In parallel, these systems often show additional largely Stokes-shifted emission, with reduced spectral resolution, of interest for the lighting application, e.g. development of white light-emitting diodes. Clarifying the emission mechanisms in 2D-HP and explaining the coexistence of these two contrasting emission regimes is greatly coveted, for the further exploitation of this class of semiconductors. Here, Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations estimate total electron-phonon interaction in 2DHP in the order of few tens of meV, in agreement with ps-resolved UV-vis measurements, consistent with the reported narrow emission. On the other hand, such small coupling significantly contrasts with the assignment of broadband emission to some form of intrinsic (defect-free) self-trapped exciton. Additional DFT simulations rather assign broadband emission to extrinsic self-trapping, associated to point defects, halide interstitials in particular. This result is in line with similar findings for the parental 3D halide perovskite and highlights, on the one hand, the role of halide defects in lead-halide perovskitoids frames, and explains, on the other hand, the apparent contrasting nature of narrow and broadband emission, as due to two different emission mechanisms. Defect engineering protocol are therefore suggested, to optimize broadband emission in 2D-HP materials.