Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Tourist Experience of Heritage Urban Spaces: Valletta as a Case Study

ABSTRACT This article provides an understanding of how tourists experience heritage urban spaces by investigating features that influence tourist experiences most. It is framed within urban design literature which refers to three elements of urban space namely physical setting (or form), activity, and meaning. These elements are used to explore how urban spaces are experienced by tourists. Its findings are derived from an in-depth qualitative analysis of interviews with tourists to Valletta, Malta. The research suggests that the intrinsic qualities of the space are relevant to the tourist experience but what is even more relevant are the interactions of the tourist with different elements within that space, namely interactions with surroundings, interactions with others, and interactions with self/meaning. Within this broad conceptual model, the research identifies important sub-themes. Some of these reinforce the findings of existing work on tourist experiences, but others are often under-estimated or neglected.
Patient-Specific Explanations for Predictions of Clinical Outcomes

Abstract Background Machine learning models that are used for predicting clinical outcomes can be made more useful by augmenting predictions with simple and reliable patient-specific explanations for each prediction. Objectives This article evaluates the quality of explanations of predictions using physician reviewers. The predictions are obtained from a machine learning model that is developed to predict dire outcomes (severe complications including death) in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods Using a dataset of patients diagnosed with CAP, we developed a predictive model to predict dire outcomes. On a set of 40 patients, who were predicted to be either at very high risk or at very low risk of developing a dire outcome, we applied an explanation method to generate patient-specific explanations. Three physician reviewers independently evaluated each explanatory feature in the context of the patient's data and were instructed to disagree with a feature if they did not agree with the magnitude of support, the direction of support (supportive versus contradictory), or both. Results The model used for generating predictions achieved a F1 score of 0.43 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.87). Interreviewer agreement between two reviewers was strong (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.87) and fair to moderate between the third reviewer and others (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.49 and 0.33). Agreement rates between reviewers and generated explanations—defined as the proportion of explanatory features with which majority of reviewers agreed—were 0.78 for actual explanations and 0.52 for fabricated explanations, and the difference between the two agreement rates was statistically significant (Chi-square = 19.76, p-value < 0.01). Conclusion There was good agreement among physician reviewers on patient-specific explanations that were generated to augment predictions of clinical outcomes. Such explanations can be useful in interpreting predictions of clinical outcomes.
The Contribution of Sexual Identity Towards the Students’ Perception of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender

Some students perceive lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) positively, even though LGBT is a sexual deviation that is not appropriate with values and norms. There are several factors that influence an individual's perception of LGBT, including sexual identity. This study aims at looking at the contribution of sexual identity to student perceptions about LGBT. This research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive method and a simple linear regression analysis. The sample of this research was 385 taken from 15.752 undergraduate students of Universitas Negeri Padang which the sample was drawn by using the Slovin formula and continued with a Proportional Random Sampling technique. The instrument used was the Guttman model's sexual identity scale and the scale of students' perceptions of the LGBT Likert model. After analyzing the data with the descriptive technique and the simple linear regression analysis, the results showed that sexual identity significantly contributed to the students' perceptions of LGBT. This research has implications as a basis for counselors to help students avoid sexual identity mismatches and prevent the emergence of positive perceptions of LGBT.
Fertility and recurrence results of conservative surgery for borderline ovarian tumors

Objectives. To evaluate the fertility and recurrence outcomes in women treated with fertility-sparing surgery for borderline ovarian tumors. Methods. A total of 142 patients with borderline ovarian tumors managed surgically from 1993 to 2004 were identified from gynecologic oncology and pathology files of SSK Ankara Maternity and Women' s Health Teaching Hospital. Sixty-two of those patients who had conservative surgery were eligible for the study. Information was acquired by retrospective medical record review and patient interview. Results. The observed recurrence rates after radical and fertility-sparing surgery were 0.0% and 6.5% , respectively. Four patients from the conservative surgery group developed recurrence, in contrast to none of the patients from the non-conservative surgery group. No disease-related deaths occurred in any group. In the conservatively managed group, ten women had successful pregnancies, with a total of 10 live births and 3 abortions. The mean duration of follow-up for the conservative surgery group was 44.3 months (range, 3- 128). Conclusion. Fertility-sparing surgery for borderline ovarian tumors should be considered for women in the reproductive age group who desire preservation of fertility. Recurrence is noted significantly more often after this type of treatment and close follow-up is needed to detect recurrent disease.
Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Mathematical Content Knowledge: An Exploratory Study

The Primary Teacher Education (PrimTEd) project was established in response to concerns about the pre-service preparation of primary teachers in South Africa. In order to inform the development of appropriate pre-service mathematics courses, an initial need in the PrimTEd project was to establish the nature of the mathematical knowledge of pre-service teachers both near the start and also near the end of their studies, through an online assessment. This paper describes the design of this PrimTEd online mathematics test and reports on the performance on the test of first-year and fourth-year primary mathematics student teachers, at three different universities. The overall performance of students together with the small differences between first and fourth year student performance indicate a need for student teachers to revisit primary school mathematics in a way that provides a deep understanding of key mathematical concepts in order to be better prepared for future teaching careers.
Political communication Modi style: A case study of the demonetization campaign on Twitter

Abstract Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) is one of the world's most followed political leaders on Twitter. During the 2014 and 2019 election campaigns, he and his party used various social media networking and the Internet services to engage with young, educated, middle-class voters in India. Since his first sweeping win in the 2014 elections, Modi's political communication strategy has been to neglect the mainstream news media, and instead use social media and government websites to keep followers informed of his day-to-day engagements and government policies. This strategy of direct communication was followed even during a critical policy change, when in a politically risky move half-way through his five-year prime ministership, Modi's government scrapped more than 85 per cent of Indian currency notes in November 2016. He continued to largely shun the mainstream media and use his social media accounts and public rallies to communicate with the nation. As a case study of this direct communication strategy, this article presents the results of a study of Modi's Twitter articulations during the three months following the demonetization announcement. We use mediatization of politics discourse to consider the implications of this shift from mass communication via the mainstream news media, to the Indian prime minister's reliance on direct communication on social media platforms.
Complications in diabetic patients undergoing revision total joint arthroplasty

Background:The risks of complications in individuals with diabetes undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty are well discussed in the literature; however, little is written about their risks with revision procedures. This study evaluates complications surrounding revision arthroplasty in diabetics compared with controls. Methods:Six hundred and thirty-five patients underwent revision total hip and knee surgery since 2004. Sixty-five diabetics who underwent revision arthroplasty were compared to 65 matched controls. Demographics, comorbidities, and hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) levels were analyzed in comparison to complications encountered. Results:Of the 635 revision arthroplasty patients sampled, 10.2% (65/635) of patients had both diabetes and HgbA1c levels drawn. Thirty (46%) diabetic patients experienced 58 complications and required 25 additional procedures. Twenty-three (35%) controls experienced 35 complications and had 22 additional procedures. HgbA1c levels were a median (quartiles) of 5.90 (5.60–6.40) among diabetics without a complication, compared to 6.55 (6.10–7.20) among diabetics with at least one complication (P=0.0006). The number of complications was also strongly correlated with patient’s HbA1c (Spearman’s rho=0.417; P=0.0009). Diabetic patients had a higher complication rate and number of complications than controls. Diabetic patients were at higher risk of developing infections (18.4% vs. 4.6%; P=0.025), periprosthetic fractures (9.2% vs. 0%; P=0.028), and more severe rare complications (P=0.0029). Conclusions:The study suggests that diabetics with better glycemic control tend to have fewer complications. Diabetics undergoing revision arthroplasty appear to be at a higher risk of developing infections, periprosthetic fractures, and rare events than nondiabetics.
Intercellular Feedback in Hematopoiesis

Despite the importance of inter-cellular (between cell) communication networks in regulating homeostasis in multicellular organisms, very little is known about their topology, dynamics, or functional significance. Inter-cellular communication networks are particularly relevant in stem cell biology, as stem cell fate decisions (self-renewal, proliferation, lineage specification) are tightly regulated based on physiological demand. Using human blood stem cell cultures as an experimental paradigm, we present an integrated experimental and computational approach to interrogate a hierarchically organized tissue network. We have developed a novel mathematical model of blood stem cell development incorporating cell-level kinetic parameters as functions of secreted molecule-mediated inter-cellular networks. By relation to quantitative cellular assays, our model is capable of predictively simulating many disparate features of both normal and malignant hematopoiesis, relating internal parameters and microenvironmental variables to measurable cell fate outcomes. Through integrated in silico and experimental analyses we show blood stem and progenitor cell fate is regulated by cell-cell feedback, and can be controlled noncell autonomously by dynamically perturbing inter-cellular signalling. Furthermore, we have compiled genome-scale molecular profiles (transcriptome and secretome), publicly available databases, and literature mining to reconstruct soluble factor-mediated interiii cellular signalling networks regulating cell fate decisions. We find that dynamic interactions between positive and negative regulators, in the context of tuneable cell culture parameters, tip the balance between stem cell supportive vs. non-supportive conditions. The cell-cytokine interactions can be summarized as an antagonistic positive-negative feedback circuit wherein stem cell self-renewal is regulated by a balance of megakaryocyte-derived stimulatory factors vs. monocyte-derived inhibitory factors. To understand how the experimentally identified positive and negative regulatory signals are integrated at the intra-cellular level, we define a literaturederived blood stem cell self-renewal network wherein these extracellular signals converge for coherent processing into cell fate decisions. In summary, this work demonstrates the utility of integrating experimental and computational methods to explore complex cellular systems, and represents the first attempt to comprehensively elucidate non-autonomous signals balancing stem cell homeostasis and regeneration.
Development of a Disaster Attitude Scale and Assessment of University Students' Attitudes Towards Disasters

Humanity is exposed to numerous disasters all around the world. Both natural and man-made disasters might lead to very important economic and social consequences and might pose a significant threat to public health and its future. This study aims to develop a scale to measure attitudes towards disasters by considering three dimensions of attitude: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A survey-based study was carried out on a sample of 787 undergraduates at Afyon Kocatepe University in Turkey. A five-point Likert scale including 23 items was used to quantify students’ attitudes. The results obtained from the survey revealed a high level of affective attitudes and a low level of behavioural attitudes among the university students. Moreover, affective and behavioural attitudes differed based on the students’ genders and their study programme. Attitudes towards disasters are not at the required level according to these measurements made at the local level. It is necessary to produce and implement policies in the scope of preparation for a possible crisis.
Incidental vocabulary acquisition from documentary viewing: A study on the role of captions

This study investigated the incidental acquisition of second language (L2) vocabulary through the viewing of a 30-minute science documentary and the effect of captioning on this process. Thirty-four English language learners watched two documentaries (one captioned and one uncaptioned) and were then assessed on their knowledge of a set of words appearing in the documentaries. Results of the Vocabulary Tests (Form-recall/Spelling, and Meaning recognition) showed that documentary viewing led to significant acquisition of new vocabulary and that the captioning condition had a significant effect on this learning. Captioning boosted the gains on meaning recognition, form recall and spelling. Results indicated that relative gains in the captioning condition are 8% significantly higher than in the uncaptioned condition.
Fostering Agency in Single-Gender, Middle Level ELA Classrooms: A Descriptive Multiple-Case Study

A Descriptive Multiple-Case Study Jennifer V. Stowe Students’ sense of agency or self-efficacy has been linked to student achievement levels (Goodman & Eren, 2013; Johnston, 2004; Skinner, Wellborne, & Connell, 1990). Research has also established that teachers position their students as having agency in the context of the classroom, frequently by the ways that they use language (Johnston, 2004; Paulson & Theado, 2014). However, little, if any, extant research describes teacher language as it relates to agency within the middle level English Language Arts (ELA) classroom. Additionally, studies concerning agency rarely address the ways in which gender may influence the ways in which teachers position their students for agency. This case study provides educators with concrete examples of the language that middle level ELA teachers use to promote agency in their classrooms.
An Analysis of Mobility Patterns in Sexual Homicide

This article—based on a national data set (N = 173)—focuses on extrafamilial sexual homicides and their spatial mobility. The study combines the location of the crime scene and the offenders and victims’ residences in mobility crime triangles. The findings reveal that most of the homicides fall within the categories of offender mobility and total mobility. Our results show the validity of the distance decay function, with over 70% of homicides occurring within 10 km of the offender’s residence. It appears that under certain circumstances, sexual murderers perceive their surroundings as a safe place to commit a homicide. Finally, the study proposes a four-category spatial typology of sexual homicide.
Diferencias fonológicas entre síndromes del neurodesarrollo: evidencias a partir de los procesos de simplificación fonológica más frecuentes

Los trastornos del neurodesarrollo presentes en alteraciones como el síndrome de Down, el síndrome de Williams y el síndrome de Smith Magenis subyacen en las características cognitivas, conductuales y lingüísticas de quienes los padecen. Pese a tratarse de tres alteraciones genéticas que cursan con discapacidad intelectual y que comparten aspectos de su fenotipo, las investigaciones demuestran que cada síndrome presenta diferentes perfiles lingüísticos. En lo que respecta a las habilidades fonético-fonológicas de estos tres síndromes, se han identificado peculiaridades que podrían indicar relativa especificidad de ciertos patrones fonológicos para cada síndrome. La caracterización detallada de estos perfiles fónicos supone un avance en el proceso de evaluación del habla de estas alteraciones y una mejoría en la efectividad de la terapia logopédica gracias al diseño de herramientas específicas para cada alteración. Por ello se ha evaluado el habla de tres grupos de niños, adolescentes y adultos con síndrome de Down (SD), síndrome de Williams (SW) y síndrome de Smith Magenis (SSM). El primero está formado por 13 casos, el segundo grupo con SW está formado por 15 casos y el tercero, por 21 participantes con SSM. La exploración del habla se ha realizado desde el nivel productivo en tareas de denominación, repetición y habla espontánea. Los resultados suponen hallazgos significativos que permiten ahondar en los mecanismos fonológicos más activos en cada una de estas tres poblaciones. Esto evidencia la necesaria descripción exhaustiva de los perfiles lingüísticos específicos para cada alteración del neurodesarrollo.
How French general practitioners adapt their care to patients with social difficulties?

Objective Several studies have shown the role of the primary care system in access to care and in reducing social inequalities in health. The objective of this study was to describe the practices of general practitioners (GPs) in taking into account the social environment of their patient, and the ways they adapted to social difficulties. Design Qualitative study comprising interviews and focus groups. Setting French primary care settings. Participants Twenty semistructured interviews and two focus groups were conducted with 33 GPs. Sessions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. The reporting of findings was guided by consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Result This study identified adaptations at three levels: in the individual management of patients (alert system, full involvement in prevention, better communication, prioritised additional examinations, financial facilities, help in administrative tasks), in the collective management of patients in an office (consultation without appointment, pay-for-performance indicators, medical staffs, multidisciplinary protocols, medical practice in group, medical student), and in the community management (patients description, cooperation with associations, public health sector and politics). Conclusion In France, GPs can take into account the social determinants of health in practice through simple or more complex actions.
Chinese Vocational College English Teachers and Majors’ Perceptions of the Product Approach and Process Approach and Attitudes toward the Application of the Product Process Approach

In this particular small-scale survey, questionnaires were sent to 50 students majoring in English and interviews with 4 teachers teaching English writing in vocational colleges were used to collect data. It is agreed that the traditional Product Approach to some extent was still useful due to learners’ insufficiency in English competency and the exam-oriented approach of the Chinese education system. However, the product-oriented pedagogy is argued to overlook learners’ creative thinking, problem-solving skills and the concept of the writing purpose and audience. Thus, the Process Approach is considered to be a much more sophisticated approach. Although the process writing has various advantages, it originated from L1 (English as a first language), which may not be wholly suitable to in an EFL (English as a foreign language) context. Hence, the adaptability and simplification of the original Process Approach are perceived to be significant. In addition, the main findings of the study indicated that both Chinese English teachers and majors held positive attitudes towards the Product Process Approach. They pointed out the synthesis might not only guarantee proper language input, but also enhance learners’ communication skills and strengthen their understanding of the multiple drafts, the writing purpose and the audience. It is suggested that the synthesis might be useful if the two approaches are properly balanced according to different students’ levels and various genres. The limitation of this study was the small sample that could not represent all the Chinese university teachers and students’ views. In addition, it needs long-term empirical studies to further examine the validity and reliability of the synthesis.
What is social competence? An investigation into the concept among children with antisocial behaviours

ABSTRACT The study investigates child social competence a three different measurement levels (overall level, factor level, and item level), in a sample of parents and children participating in interventions towards emerging or present child problem behaviours. Parents of 550 children aged 3–12 (71% boys) evaluated social competence using the Home and Community Social Behaviour Scales (HCSBS), which assess two aspects of the concept: peer relations and self-management/compliance. An additive index across all 32 items was made to examine how parents reported overall social competence across ages, whereas factor analysis was used to investigate their underlying latent structure. Network analysis was used to investigate how the social competence items connect and interact. Results showed that parents reported higher levels of overall social competence among the girls compared to the boys, but this difference vanished about age 12. Factor analyses showed that a bifactor-ESEM model obtained the best model fit to data, whereas the network analysis revealed differential clustering and strength centrality for the items. Implications of these results are discussed.