Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Estimates of the Critical Reynolds Number in the Flow around the Sphere on the Basis of Theory of Stochastic Equations and Equivalence of Measures

The aim of this investigation is to show the solution for the critical Reynolds number in the flow around the sphere on the basis of theory of stochastic equations and equivalence of measures between turbulent and laminar motions. Solutions obtained by numerical methods (DNS, LES, RANS) require verification and in this case the theoretical results have special value. For today in the scientific literature, there is J. Talor’s implicit formula connecting the critical Reynolds number with the parameters of the initial fluctuations in the flow around the sphere. Here the derivation of the explicit formula is presented. The results show a satisfactory correspondence of the obtained theoretical dependence for the critical Reynolds number to the experiments in the flow around the sphere.
A Semi-Automated Workflow for LULC Mapping via Sentinel-2 Data Cubes and Spectral Indices

Land use and land cover (LULC) mapping initiatives are essential to support decision making related to the implementation of different policies. There is a need for timely and accurate LULC maps. However, building them is challenging. LULC changes affect natural areas and local biodiversity. When they cause landscape fragmentation, the mapping and monitoring of changes are affected. Due to this situation, improving the efforts for LULC mapping and monitoring in fragmented biomes and ecosystems is crucial, and the adequate separability of classes is a key factor in this process. We believe that combining multidimensional Earth observation (EO) data cubes and spectral vegetation indices (VIs) derived from the red edge, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared bands provided by the Sentinel-2/MultiSpectral Instrument (S2/MSI) mission reduces uncertainties in area estimation, leading toward more automated mappings. Here, we present a low-cost semi-automated classification scheme created to identify croplands, pasturelands, natural grasslands, and shrublands from EO data cubes and the Surface Reflectance to Vegetation Indexes (sr2vgi) tool to automate spectral index calculation, with both produced in the scope of the Brazil Data Cube (BDC) project. We used this combination of data and tools to improve LULC mapping in the Brazilian Cerrado biome during the 2018–2019 crop season. The overall accuracy (OA) of our results is 88%, indicating the potential of the proposed approach to provide timely and accurate LULC mapping from the detection of different vegetation patterns in time series.
Investigating the Dietary Intake Using the CyFFQ Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in Cypriot Huntington’s Disease Patients

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by autosomal dominant inheritance. The past decade saw a growing interest in the associations between the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and HD risk and outcomes. The aim of this case-control study was to assess the dietary intake and habits of Cypriot HD patients, comparing them to gender and age-matched controls, using the Cyprus Food Frequency Questionnaire (CyFFQ) and to assess adherence to the MD by disease outcomes. The method relied on the validated CyFFQ semi-quantitative questionnaire to assess energy, macro- and micronutrient intake over the past year in n = 36 cases and n = 37 controls. The MedDiet Score and the MEDAS score were used to assess adherence to the MD. Patients were grouped based on symptomatology such as movement and cognitive and behavioral impairment. The two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann–Whitney) test was used to compare cases vs. controls. Statistically significant results were obtained for energy intake (kcal/day) (median (IQR): 4592 (3376) vs. 2488 (1917); p = 0.002) from cases and controls. Energy intake (kcal/day) (median (IQR): 3751 (1894) vs. 2488 (1917); p = 0.044) was also found to be significantly different between asymptomatic HD patients and controls. Symptomatic patients were also different from controls in terms of energy intake (kcal/day) (median (IQR): 5571 (2907) vs. 2488 (1917); p = 0.001); % energy monounsaturated fatty acids (median (IQR): 13.4 (5.2) vs. 15.5 (5.7); p = 0.0261) and several micronutrients. A significant difference between asymptomatic and symptomatic HD patients was seen in the MedDiet score (median (IQR): 31.1 (6.1) vs. 33.1 (8.1); p = 0.024) and a significant difference was observed between asymptomatic HD patient and controls (median (IQR): 5.5 (3.0) vs. 8.2 (2.0); p = 0.014) in the MEDAS score. This study confirmed previous findings that HD cases have a significantly higher energy intake than controls, revealing differences in macro and micronutrients and adherence to the MD by both patients and controls and by HD symptom severity. These findings are important as they are an effort to guide nutritional education within this population group and further understand diet–disease associations.
The Identification Problem for Multiple Equation Systems with Moving Average Errors

where y(t) and x(t) are vectors of G components, z(t) has K components, B is a G x G matrix, and F is a G x K matrix. ' The components of z(t) are predetermined at time t and the vector x(t) is not serially correlated, so that (among other requirements) we have
The effect of rural-urban migration on agricultural production in the northern region of Ghana

Migration has been linked with the rapid population growth in the urban areas in Ghana. This paper examines how rural-urban migration affects agricultural production at the origin of migration. Again, it accounts for the net effect of different migration strategies (temporary and permanent migration) on agricultural production. Sample data of two hundred households from fifteen villages were used from the Ghana Living Standards Survey 5 (GLSS 5) to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of households which have no migrants, those with temporary migrants and households which have permanent migrants. Cobb Douglas production function and two stage least squares regression model was used to establish the relationship between agricultural production and migration. The findings of this paper showed that households whose members engaged in temporary migration had significantly reduced farm production while households whose members engaged in permanent migration had no significant effect on production. The hypothesis of the New Economics of Labour Migration which states that migration facilitates investment and serves as insurance to risks associated with these investments at the origin of migration does not hold. The loss of labour from the origin of migration for both types of migration appears to keep households held down in poverty. This paper supports the policy which sees to the reduction of rural-urban migration by increasing the per capita income in rural areas through agricultural investment.
A Systematic Literature Review of Latent Variable Mixture Modeling in Communication Scholarship

ABSTRACT Recently, latent variable mixture modeling has gained traction in many disciplines, given its unique ability to discover unknown groups within a broader population. Indeed, this method assumes that a finite number of mixtures (i.e. unknown groups) exist within the population and can be discovered by evaluating participants’ response patterns to a set of manifest indicators. Despite the intuitive approach, recommendations have been proposed to overcome some methodological concerns associated with latent variable mixture modeling. The primary purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of latent variable mixture modeling in communication research and to evaluate the extent to which the existing research meets these recommendations. Ninety-five manuscripts published between 2010 and 2022 in 18 communication journals were identified and systematically analyzed. The review found that (1) the use of latent variable mixture modeling has increased; (2) latent class analysis and latent profile analysis are the most common models; and (3) most manuscripts did not meet the proscribed standards for random start values, auxiliary variable procedures, indicator requirements, and missing data procedures. These findings are discussed more in comparison with the proscribed standards. In addition, conceptual and applicable recommendations are provided to improve communication scholarship.
The Fornax-Leo-Sculptor stream revisited

Lynden-Bell first demonstrated that the satellites of the Milky Way appear situated along two great 'streams' in the sky: the 'Magellanic stream' and the 'Fornax-Leo-Sculptor (FLS) stream. ' Further exploration of the three-dimensional distribution of Galactic satellites reveals that the recently discovered Sextans and Phoenix dwarf spheroidal galaxies also lie near the plane defined by the FLS galaxies, and therefore strengthens the evidence in favor of the FLS stream. Moreover, a specific group of globular clusters -- those exhibiting the reddest horizontal branches (HBs) among those identified as 'young halo' by Zinn -- appear to populate the FLS stream. As previously demonstrated by Zinn, the spatial distribution of old halo globulars appears to be flattened toward the Galactic plane, and therefore the old halo clusters are typically anti-correlated to the nearly orthogonal FLS stream. A scenario is postulated wherein the Galactic satellites of the FLS stream and the red HB, young halo globular clusters share a common origin in the accretion of a formerly larger, parent satellite galaxy or Searle & Zinn 'fragment. '
A Novel Insight into the Immune-Related Interaction of Inflammatory Cytokines in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common male condition that impacts many men’s quality of life by generating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). In recent years, inflammation has become very common in the prostate, and BPH with inflammation has a higher International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score and an enlarged prostate. Chronic inflammation leads to tissue damage and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of BPH. We will focus on current advancements in pro-inflammatory cytokines in BPH, as well as the future of pro-inflammatory cytokine research.
Change in Air Quality during 2014–2021 in Jinan City in China and Its Influencing Factors

Air pollution affects climate change, food production, traffic safety, and human health. In this paper, we analyze the changes in air quality index (AQI) and concentrations of six air pollutants in Jinan during 2014–2021. The results indicate that the annual average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 and AQI values all declined year after year during 2014–2021. Compared with 2014, AQI in Jinan City fell by 27.3% in 2021. Air quality in the four seasons of 2021 was obviously better than that in 2014. PM2.5 concentration was the highest in winter and PM2.5 concentration was the lowest in summer, while it was the opposite for O3 concentration. AQI in Jinan during the COVID epoch in 2020 was remarkably lower compared with that during the same epoch in 2021. Nevertheless, air quality during the post-COVID epoch in 2020 conspicuously deteriorated compared with that in 2021. Socioeconomic elements were the main reasons for the changes in air quality. AQI in Jinan was majorly influenced by energy consumption per 10,000-yuan GDP (ECPGDP), SO2 emissions (SDE), NOx emissions (NOE), particulate emissions (PE), PM2.5, and PM10. Clean policies in Jinan City played a key role in improving air quality. Unfavorable meteorological conditions led to heavy pollution weather in the winter. These results could provide a scientific reference for the control of air pollution in Jinan City.
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Flavonoids: A Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders that cause chronic non-specific inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, primarily affecting the ileum and colon. The incidence of IBD has risen sharply in recent years. Despite continuous research efforts over the past decades, the aetiology of IBD is still not fully understood and only a limited number of drugs are available for its treatment. Flavonoids, a ubiquitous class of natural chemicals found in plants, have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of IBD. However, their therapeutic efficacy is unsatisfactory due to poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination. With the development of nanomedicine, nanocarriers can efficiently encapsulate various flavonoids and subsequently form nanoparticles (NPs), which greatly improves the stability and bioavailability of flavonoids. Recently, progress has also been made in the methodology of biodegradable polymers that can be used to fabricate NPs. As a result, NPs can significantly enhance the preventive or therapeutic effects of flavonoids on IBD. In this review, we aim to evaluate the therapeutic effect of flavonoid NPs on IBD. Furthermore, we discuss possible challenges and future perspectives.
Patterns of Dietary Blood Markers Are Related to Frailty Status in the FRAILOMIC Validation Phase

The influence of nutritional factors on frailty syndrome is still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to confirm cross-sectional associations of diet-related blood biomarker patterns with frailty and pre-frailty statuses in 1271 older adults from four European cohorts. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed based on plasma levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and retinol. Cross-sectional associations between biomarker patterns and frailty status, according to Fried’s frailty criteria, were assessed by using general linear models and multinomial logistic regression models as appropriate with adjustments for the main potential confounders. Robust subjects had higher concentrations of total carotenoids, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin than frail and pre-frail subjects and had higher lutein + zeaxanthin concentrations than frail subjects. No associations between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and frailty status were observed. Two distinct biomarker patterns were identified in the PCA results. The principal component 1 (PC1) pattern was characterized by overall higher plasma levels of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol, and the PC2 pattern was characterized by higher loadings for tocopherols, retinol and lycopene together and lower loadings for other carotenoids. Analyses revealed inverse associations between PC1 and prevalent frailty. Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of PC1, those in the highest quartile were less likely to be frail (odds ratio: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.25–0.80, p = 0.006). In addition, those in the highest quartile of PC2 showed higher odds for prevalent frailty (2.48, 1.28–4.80, p = 0.007) than those in the lowest quartile. Our findings strengthen the results from the first phase of the FRAILOMIC project, indicating carotenoids are suitable components for future biomarker-based frailty indices.
Optimizing milk-run system and IT-based Kanban with artificial intelligence: an empirical study on multi-lines assembly shop floor

ABSTRACT In this research, a dynamic optimization of milk-run system (MRS) managed with an IT-based Kanban (ITK) is performed. The main tasks are to i) explore how artificial intelligence may allow MRS to choose the most efficient path and ii) measure the impact on the main production parameters. The study explores the Kanban signals activating an ant colony optimization algorithm that finds the best path from supermarket to the lines. Then, genetic algorithm solves an objective function to find the optimal delivery times according to the paths found. The optimal path is dynamically found for each MRS supply cycle. Within the empirical results, significant improvements for production parameters and overall system performance have been appraised. The lead time and material handling time show a strong decrease to 39% and 48%, respectively, while work in process decreases of 22% for all assembly lines. Workstation starvation decreased by 43% and machine saturation increased by 37%.
An eco-aware framework for AI-based analysis of contextually enriched automotive trip data

ABSTRACT The transport sector is one of the main contributors to gas emissions and the greenhouse effect. Mobility as a Service seeks to combine different means of transport (public transport, bicycles, cars, etc.) in an integrated way to solve this problem. Raising drivers’ awareness and advising them to drive more efficiently and economically can help reduce environmental impact. Ultimately, eco-driving can help save fuel, money and provide higher passenger satisfaction during the trip. The research uses a contextually enriched automotive data set collected via OBD, during passenger transportation in private cars. A multilevel analysis was conducted using a variety of approaches. With AI-based analysis, using unsupervised learning, we identified five groups of similarities as a function of speed and acceleration. The efficiency of each driver was examined and speed and acceleration/deceleration were noted as the most influential factors. Also, passengers’ perception of driving quality is negatively affected by sudden acceleration and deceleration. Passengers have a poor perception of the driving efficiency and additional efforts should be made to educate them about the environmental aspect of driving. Finally, the main contribution is the eco-aware framework, which covers and describes the entire process from data collection to analysis. The collected data are publicly available and include 110 trips represented by more than 65,000 data points.
RELATIONS BETWEEN LEARNING ANALYTICS AND DATA PRIVACY IN MOOCS

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), as a new educational trend, attract worldwide a huge number of learners giving them appropriate knowledge according to personal needs. Learners are stimulated to be active participants and facilitated to create distributed learning communities through: sharing opinions and setting preferences; analyzing, annotating and translating learning materials; participating in interactive gaming exercises; communicating with other participants, tutors and guest lectures; preparing and submitting practical assignments; group working and peer rewieving; proposing other useful (open) educational resources; publishing insights on different Social Media platforms. Therefore, during participating in Massive Open Online Courses a wide variety of students' personal and activity data are collected and used for different purposes by tutors, hosting platforms and possible third party actors, such as universities or companies. Part of this big data is processed by the Learning Analytics modules, in order to understand and optimize the learning process. The questions that arise are: - What kind of students' private data are shared and why? - What are the privacy models provided by MOOCs? - What data is needed for Learning Analytics modules? - Are there any third party actors processing the students' data and why? - Which are the relations between Learning Analytics and Data Privacy? - Is it possible for the learners to be protected? The paper is looking for answers of the above placed questions summarizing and analyzing the current projects and practices, best learning cases and research standpoints. The findings are used for development of a model presenting a possibility to ensure data privacy in MOOCs. The analysis, model and conclusions indicate the positive features and bandgaps in the area of data privacy in the context of MOOCs. They could be used in the form of directions for developers of MOOCs with aim to guarantee data privacy of learners.
Effect of dietary fibre waste originating from food production on the gluten structure in common wheat dough

At present, the use of by-products from plant food production is gaining more interest because these products contain a large amount of valuable nutritional compounds e.g. dietary fibre, proteins, polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins. The by-products improve both the nutritional profile and the health-promoting properties of bakery products but simultaneously impair some technological properties, which is strongly related to the structure of the gluten network. FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine changes in the gluten structure through the addition of by-products from the vegetable industry and cold oil pressing production. The supplements were added to the common wheat dough in the amounts of 3, 6, 9 and 12%. Analysis of the spectra indicates that changes in the gluten structure and the distribution of water populations are connected with the type of technological process from which the supplement originated and hence its chemical composition. Vegetable supplements cause the formation of aggregated structures such as pseudo-β-sheets, whereas gluten samples modified by oil supplements contain mainly basic secondary structures i.e. α-helices, β-turns and antiparallel-β-sheets. With regard to the water populations, oil supplements do not affect them or affect them slightly. Vegetable supplements lead to the formation of a weaker gluten network. This is observed in the form of a decrease in the number of strong hydrogen bonds
The second compare exercise: A model intercomparison using a case of a typical mesoscale orographic flow, the pyrex iop3

Fifteen models have been evaluated for their ability to simulate the various phenomena of a mesoscale orographic flow sampled during the Pyrénées experiment (PYREX). A pure forecast exercise has been conducted and model performances were assessed using numerous observations. for additional experiments were also performed in order to discriminate between small‐scale errors and large‐scale induced errors, and to discuss an optimal specification of model terrain height and roughness for use with envelope orography and effective roughness length parametrizations.
Validation of Hyperbolic Model for Water-Hammer in Deformable Pipes

A mathematical formulation is presented to describe the transient flow of homogeneous gas-liquid mixtures in deformable pipes. The mixture density is defined by an expression averaging the two-component densities where isothermal evolution of the gaseous phase is admitted. Instead of the void fraction, which varies with pressure, the gas-fluid mass ratio (or the quality), assumed to be constant, is used. By application of the conservation of mass and momentum laws, a nonlinear hyperbolic system of two differential equations is obtained for the two principal dependent variables, which are the fluid pressure and velocity. Consideration is given to the numerical solution of these equations by the method of characteristics and the finite difference conservative scheme. The finite difference scheme computes the pressure by using a Newton-Raphson iterative formula, where the pressure wave speed takes place explicitly