Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric rivers in 20 year weather and climate simulations: A multimodel, global evaluation

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow, elongated, synoptic jets of water vapor that play important roles in the global water cycle and meteorological/hydrological extremes. Increasing evidence shows that ARs have signatures and impacts in many regions across different continents. However, global‐scale characterizations of AR representations in weather and climate models have been very limited. Using a recently developed AR detection algorithm oriented for global applications, the representation of AR activities in multidecade weather/climate simulations is evaluated. The algorithm is applied to 6‐hourly (daily) integrated water vapor transport (IVT) from 22 (2) global weather/climate models that participated in the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Atmospheric System Study–Year of Tropical Convection Multimodel Experiment, including four models with ocean‐atmosphere coupling and two models with superparameterization. Multiple reanalysis products are used as references to help quantify model errors in the context of reanalysis uncertainty. Model performance is examined for key aspects of ARs (frequency, intensity, geometry, and seasonality), with the focus on identifying and understanding systematic errors in simulated ARs. The results highlight the range of model performances relative to reanalysis uncertainty in representing the most basic features of ARs. Among the 17 metrics considered, AR frequency, zonal IVT, fractional zonal circumference, fractional total meridional IVT, and three seasonality metrics have consistently large errors across all models. Possible connections between AR simulation qualities and aspects of model configurations are discussed. Despite the lack of a monotonic relationship, the importance of model horizontal resolution to the overall quality of AR simulation is suggested by the evaluation results.
Microtubule response to salt stress

This study has aimed to investigate the relationship between salt stress, programmed cell death (PCD) and microtubule distribution in terms of duration and stress dose. PCD is an important mechanism that benefits living organisms throughout their lives. On the other hand, PCD is an indirect effect that reduces efficiency when it occurs under stress. In this research The maize (Zea mays) roots were exposed to salt stress with 0, 50, 100, 300 and 500 mM NaCl. The prepared paraffin sections of these five groups were subjected to DAPI (4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and TUNEL analysis to study the morphological changes caused by stress-induced nuclear degeneration. PCD was determined. Microtubule labeling analysis was performed on the tissues to determine whether there were stress-induced microtubule changes in these cells and disturbances were found; they exhibited aggregation, regional thickening, and random distribution around the nucleus and vacuole and under the cell wall. When all groups were evaluated, cells exposed to a salt concentration of 50 mM (even after 24 hours) were significantly less damaged than cells at other concentrations (100, 300, and 500 mM) at each time point. The rate of progression and spread to the whole tissue was significantly higher at 300 and 500 mM salt concentrations compared to the other groups. To reduce economic losses in salty soils, it is of great importance to fully investigate stress. The data that will emerge from our research, which is the subject of a small number of studies, will help to understand the mechanism of stress, microtubule and PCD.
The Flavor Characteristics, Antioxidant Capability, and Storage Year Discrimination Based on Backpropagation Neural Network of Organic Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) during Long-Term Storage

The storage period of tea is a major factor affecting tea quality. However, the effect of storage years on the non-volatile major functional components and quality of green tea remains largely unknown. In this study, a comparative analysis of organic green teas with varying storage years (1–16 years) was conducted by quantifying 47 functional components, using electronic tongue and chromatic aberration technology, alongside an evaluation of antioxidative capacity. The results indicated a significant negative correlation between the storage years and levels of tea polyphenols, total amino acids, soluble sugars, two phenolic acids, four flavonols, three tea pigments, umami amino acids, and sweet amino acids. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 10 functional components were identified as effective in distinguishing organic green teas with different storage years. Electronic tongue technology categorized organic green teas with different storage years into three classes. The backpropagation neural network (BPNN) analysis demonstrated that the classification predictive ability of the model based on the electronic tongue was superior to the one based on color difference values and 10 functional components. The combined analysis of antioxidative activity and functional components suggested that organic green teas with shorter storage periods exhibited stronger abilities to suppress superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals and reduce iron ions due to the higher content of eight components. Long-term-stored organic green teas, with a higher content of substances like L-serine and theabrownins, demonstrated stronger antioxidative capabilities in clearing both lipid-soluble and water-soluble free radicals. Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis for the quality assessment of green tea and prediction of green tea storage periods.
Impact of IPM Modules on Natural Enemies in Okra

Three modules viz., M1- integrated pest management (IPM) module, M2- bio-intensive pest management (BIPM) module and M3- farmer’s routine pest management module formulated against insect pests of okra were evaluated simultaneously at two locations to know their impact on spider and coccinellid predators. Seven and two species of spiders and coccinellids, respectively, were recorded. Pooled data revealed that BIPM module was found to be safe for the predators.
Implications of changes in the atmospheric circulation on the detection of regional surface air temperature trends

Previous studies have shown that observed significant warming trends in surface air temperature (SAT) consistent with the response to anthropogenic forcing are detected at scales on the order of 500 km in many regions of the globe. However, regional SAT trends project strongly on the dominant natural atmospheric circulation modes, such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the hemispheric Pacific‐North America (PNA)‐like patterns. The warming associated with the changes of atmospheric circulation is not well simulated in current coupled climate models. In this study, we explore the influence of the exclusion of warming related to changes of the atmospheric circulation on the detection of a regional response to combined anthropogenic and natural forcings. We compare observed SAT trends over the second half of the 20th century with those simulated in response to natural and anthropogenic climate forcings in a suite of six current coupled general circulation models. Control runs from these models are used to provide estimates of the internal variability of trends. We find that the detection of the regional response to combined anthropogenic and natural forcing is robust to the exclusion of warming related to changes of the atmospheric circulation considered here.
Trajectories of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Relation to the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: The aim of the current study was to explore the trajectories, variabilities, and cumulative exposures of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with cardiac arrhythmia (CA) risks. Methods: In total, 35,739 adults from the Kailuan study were included. BMI and WC were measured repeatedly during the 2006–2010 waves. CA was identified via electrocardiogram diagnosis. BMI and WC trajectories were fitted using a group-based trajectory model. The associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: We identified four stable trajectories for BMI and WC, respectively. Neither the BMI trajectories nor the baseline BMI values were associated with the risk of CA. Compared to the low-stable WC group, participants in the high-stable WC group had a higher risk of CA (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.86). Interestingly, the cumulative exposures of BMI and WC instead of their variabilities were associated with the risk of CA. In the stratified analyses, the positive associations of the high-stable WC group with the risk of CA were found in females only (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.83). Conclusions: A high-stable WC trajectory is associated with a higher risk of CA among Chinese female adults, underscoring the potential of WC rather than BMI to identify adults who are at risk.
The Impact of Economic Integration on Income Inequality in the EU: A Panel Data Analysis of the EU Members from 2002-2020

This paper investigates the relation between economic integration and income inequality for the 27 current EU members from 2002 to 2020. The Gini coefficient is the dependent variable in a panel data regression analysis, and is expressed as a function of indicators related to economic integration (total trade, intra-EU trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow and outflow) and a set of control variables. Although much research points to a significant relationship between inequality and integration, there is no consensus on the sign and magnitude of the effect. In this paper, four random effects panel models are estimated with robust standard errors to uncover this relationship. The results show that in the context of the EU, intra-EU trade is associated with decreased income inequality, while overall trade and FDI in- or outflow seem to have no direct effect on the income gap. In addition, the level of economic development seems to moderate the effect of intra-EU trade: for countries with a below-average gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the reducing effect of integration on Gini is weaker than for richer countries. Additionally, market capitalisation, the presence of natural resources and government spending on social benefits are associated with reduced inequality, while unemployment and population size seem to drive income disparities. These results are consistent with a major part of the existing literature and lead to interesting conclusions for policy makers. The originality of this work differentiating it from prior research is twofold: (1) the region of examination is the EU, which is not often the subject of similar analyses, and (2) an interaction effect is examined that differs from the conventional measures for less developed economies.
EMIC Wave‐Driven Bounce Resonance Scattering of Energetic Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere

While electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been long studied as a scattering mechanism for ultrarelativistic (megaelectron volt) electrons via cyclotron‐resonant interactions, these waves are also of the right frequency to resonate with the bounce motion of lower‐energy (approximately tens to hundreds of kiloelectron volts) electrons. Here we investigate the effectiveness of this bounce resonance interaction to better determine the effects of EMIC waves on subrelativistic electron populations in Earth's inner magnetosphere. Using wave and plasma parameters directly measured by the Van Allen Probes, we estimate bounce resonance diffusion coefficients for four different events, illustrative of wave and plasma parameters to be encountered in the inner magnetosphere. The range of electron energies and pitch angles affected is examined to better assess the realistic effects of EMIC‐driven bounce resonance on energetic electron populations based on actual, locally observed event‐based parameters. Significant local diffusion coefficients (~ > 10−6 s−1) for 50‐ to 100‐keV electrons are achieved for both H+ band wave events as well as He+ band, with diffusion coefficients peaking for near‐90° pitch angles but remaining elevated for intermediate ones as well. Diffusion coefficients for higher‐energy 200‐keV electrons are typically multiple orders of magnitude lower (ranging from 10−11 to 10−6 s−1) and often peak at lower pitch angles (~20–30°). These results suggest that both H+ and He+ band EMIC waves can play a role in shaping lower‐energy electron dynamics via bounce‐resonant interactions, in addition to their role in relativistic electron loss via cyclotron resonance.
Ammonoid biostratigraphy of the Early Spathian Columbites parisianus zone (Early Triassic) at Bear Lake Hot Springs, Idaho

We review paleontological work on the Meekoceras beds (middle Smithian) and Columbites beds at the Bear Lake Hot Springs locality. The geology of the general area as well as the stratigraphy of the Thaynes Formation along the Hot Springs Ridge is discussed. We present a new detailed biostratigraphic scheme containing four unique ammonoid horizons (in ascending order, Yvesgalleticeras montpelierense bed, Columbites parisianus bed, Arctomeekoceras popovi bed and Columbites isabellae beds) within the Columbites parisianus Zone at this site and briefly apply the scheme to the classic Paris Canyon section on the west side of the Bear Lake Valley. Photographs and figures are given showing the locations of sections and fossiliferous horizons at the Bear Lake Hot Springs and Paris Canyon sites from which ammonoids have been collected by the first author. We also compare the biostratigraphic fossiliferous horizons of this work to the biochronologic scheme of Guex et al. (2010), which is updated, based on new information provided in this report.
Sexual Dysfunction associated with Alcohol Abuse Among Male Adults: A Literature Review

This literature review delves into the significant issue of sexual dysfunction resulting from alcohol abuse among adult males in South Africa. There is a dearth of studies on sexual dysfunction caused by chronic alcohol use. With alcohol consumption being a widespread and culturally ingrained behavior in the region, this study examines the existing body of research to elucidate the complex relationship between alcohol abuse and sexual problems in men. Articles were searched from scientific search engines such as CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), PubMed, Medline, APA Psych and INFO as well as manual searches through Google and Google Scholar search engines. Both quantitative and qualitative studies that showed the sexual dysfunction associated with alcohol abuse among male adults were included. A total of 95 articles were screened, and 8 full-text articles were ultimately included in the review. The review reveals a strong association between alcohol abuse and various forms of sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction, diminished sexual desire, and performance anxiety. The detrimental effects of alcohol on the male sexual functioning are multifaceted, involving physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. This literature review offers a thorough examination of the significant concern of sexual dysfunction arising from alcohol abuse in adult males. It underscores the necessity of acknowledging and addressing the intricate relationship between alcohol use and sexual health to formulate effective prevention and treatment strategies. The study advocates for additional research on the same topic, emphasizing the need to inform healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers. The ultimate objective is to enhance the sexual health and overall well-being of men through evidence-based insights and targeted interventions.
Chicken meat in human nutrition for health

Meso pilica znacajna je animalna namirnica u prehrani ljudi. Zbog visoke nutritivne vrijednosti, prije svega visokog sadržaja bjelancevina, a relativno niskog sadržaja masti, ova vrsta mesa ubraja se i u dijetetske proizvode. Cilj naseg istraživanja bio je analizirati kemijski sastav bijelog i tamnog mesa (misici prsa i batkova s nadbatcima) u pogledu sadržaja bjelancevina, masti, pepela, vode, kao i makro- i mikroelemenata. Također je analiziran sadržaj zasicenih (SFA), mononezasicenih (MUFA) i polinezasicenih (PUFA) masnih kiselina. Sadržaj osnovnih hranjivih tvari u bijelom, kao i u tamnom mesu, bio je sljedeci: bjelancevine 24, 15% i 20, 96%, voda 74, 01% i 74, 56%, masti 0, 62% i 3, 29% te pepeo 1, 22% i 1, 19%. Utvrđeno je da bijelo meso, odnosno tamno meso u 100 g sadrže sljedece kolicine makro i mikroelemenata: K 359, 22 mg i 322, 00 mg, Mg 39, 35 mg i 27, 11 mg, Na 61, 86 mg i 86, 45 mg, Mn 0, 08 mg i 0, 09 mg, Zn 1, 09 mg i 2, 30 mg te Fe 1, 79 mg i 1, 98 mg. Odnos PUFA w 3 (C 18:3w3, C 20:5w3, C 22:5w3 i C 22:6w3) i PUFA w 6 masnih kiselina (C 18:2w6, C 20:2w6 i C 20:4w6) bio je u bijelom mesu 3, 11, a u tamnom mesu 4, 43.
Toxicity Response of Some Insecticides on Insect Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum (Ashmead)

Lethal role of some insecticides including one of recent introduction (broflanilide) on Trichgramma japonicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was assessed by exposing its juvenile stages (egg, larva and pupa) inside the host eggs and adults by residual contact. Transgenerational effect was also studied. The results revealed varied level of toxicity among these test methods. Treatment (insecticide) wise overall toxicity was also determined, and insecticides were grouped into different toxicity classes. Chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide were harmless (< 30% mortality) followed by cyantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, novaluron + indoxacarb and broflanilide which were harmless to slightly harmful (< 79% mortality). Slightly harmful was teflubenzuron, chlorfenapyr and azadirachtin. Spinosad was slightly harmful to moderately harmful (< 99% mortality).
Bed‐scale spatial patterns in dolomite abundance: Part II. Effect of varied fluid chemistry, flow rate, precursor mineralogy, temperature, textural heterogeneity, nucleation density and bed geometry

Reaction‐transport modelling shows that a lateral, metre‐scale pattern in dolomite abundance can form during replacive dolomitization of calcite and aragonite precursors by Mississippian, Triassic and modern seawaters advecting at >20 cm year−1 in low temperature (≤60°C) hydrogeological systems. The modelled pattern develops best in beds >1 m thick with a relatively uniform nucleate density and a low variance in reactive surface area (for example, grainstones). These conditions suggest that a lateral pattern in dolomite abundance should be expected in dolomites formed by any shallow hydrodynamic system that advects dolomitizing fluid horizontally, including the down‐gradient portion of a reflux system, the oceanward reaches of geothermal (Kohout) convection systems, and the seaward reaches of a seawater entrainment zone below a freshwater aquifer. However, even in those systems, a pattern will not form in all dolomites. Pattern will be muted in thinner (≤ ca 50 cm thick) beds and non‐emergent where the precursor had a high variance in reactive surface area (for example, a skeletal wackestone) and/or large variation in nucleate density. Pattern also did not form at temperatures above ca 60°C, which implies that pattern should not be expected in dolomites formed at intermediate to deep burial depths. As the patterns are horizontal, they also should not be expected where dolomitizing fluids moved vertically (for example, reflux immediately below a brine source). Pattern metrics (short‐range correlation length, and wavelength and amplitude of the longer cyclic component) vary with flow rate, fluid chemistry, bed thickness, porosity, grain size, temperature and the flow complexity (one‐dimensional, two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional) within the bed. However, no modelled pattern produced metrics larger than those documented on dolomite outcrops. The results thus constrain the length scales of porosity and permeability variance to include in petrophysical models of dolomite reservoirs, as well as the geological scenarios in which to consider metre‐scale lateral petrophysical variability.
The Effectiveness of using Quizlet as digital learning to improve vocabulary mastery of junior high school students

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using Quizlet as a digital learning medium to improve the vocabulary mastery of junior high school students. This study applied a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The population of this study consisted of the 8th-grade students of MTsN 1 Kota Makassar. Purposive sampling was utilized by the researchers to choose 80 students as a sample and divided them into two classes, experimental and controlled classes. This study used a vocabulary test as the instrument. The vocabulary test was used to determine whether the 'students' vocabulary mastery had improved following the treatment or not. The result of the study shows that there was improvement of 'students' vocabulary after using Quizlet as digital learning media. This is evidenced by the t-test significant value 0.000<0.05, which means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. Therefore, using Quizlet as digital learning media is effective to improve 'students' vocabulary mastery. Quizlet is one of application that can be used as digital learning media with many features that can support the learning process in individuals and groups. Quizlet can also be used in online and offline situations.
ESTIMATION OF RAIL WEAR LIMITS BASED ON RAIL STRENGTH INVESTIGATIONS

This report describes analyses performed to estimate limits on rail wear based on strength investigations. Two different failure modes are considered in this report: (1) permanent plastic bending, and (1) rail fracture. Rail bending stresses are calculated using the classical theory of beams on elastic foundation. The effect of wear is modeled as a geometric change of the rail section due to loss of material from wear. Two different wear patterns are examined: (1) vertical rail-head height loss, and (2) gage-face wear from the side of the rail (referred to as gage-face side wear). An elementary plastic-collapse criterion is used to estimate wear limits based on failure by means of rail bending. An approximate method that was previously developed to analyze the growth of internal transverse defects is also applied to estimate wear limits on the basis of fracture strength. These analyses reveal that rail-wear limits estimated with the fracture-mechanics approach are more restrictive (i.e., conservative) than those based on the plastic-bending approach. Therefore, for safe operations on railroad tracks, allowable rail-wear limits should be estimated on the basis of fracture strength.
Social entrepreneurship orientation and institutional pressures: Role of level of utilitarian identity and level of other regarding values

This paper intent to test the relationship between institutional pressure (regulatory, cognitive, and normative) and social entrepreneurship orientation in the presence of level of utilitarian identity, level of other-regarding values. The data collection was through a survey-based method from 270 social enterprises that participated. The comprehensive integrated model was designed to test the impact of institutional pressure (regulatory, cognitive, and normative) on social entrepreneurship orientation with moderating role of the level of utilitarian identity, and the level of other-regarding values. The findings of the study reveal that institutional pressure, level of utilitarian identity, and level of other-regarding values positively and significantly influence social entrepreneurship orientation. Furthermore, the level of utilitarian identity positively and significantly moderates the relationship between institutional pressure and social entrepreneurship orientation while, the level of other-regarding values negatively and significantly moderates the relationship. This study provides the pathway to social entrepreneurial orientation to an organization currently operating social enterprises domain.