Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inﬂuence of Variable Speed Limit Control on Fuel and Electric Energy Consumption, and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Mixed Trafﬁc Flows

: Modern urban mobility needs new solutions to resolve high-complexity demands on urban trafﬁc-control systems, including reducing congestion, fuel and energy consumption, and exhaust gas emissions. One example is urban motorways as key segments of the urban trafﬁc network that do not achieve a satisfactory level of service to serve the increasing trafﬁc demand. Another complex need arises by introducing the connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and accompanying additional challenges that modern control systems must cope with. This study addresses the problem of decreasing the negative environmental aspects of trafﬁc, which includes reducing congestion, fuel and energy consumption, and exhaust gas emissions. We applied a variable speed limit (VSL) based on Q-Learning that utilizes electric CAVs as speed-limit actuators in the control loop. The Q-Learning algorithm was combined with the two-step temporal difference target to increase the algorithm’s effectiveness for learning the VSL control policy for mixed trafﬁc ﬂows. We analyzed two different optimization criteria: total time spent on all vehicles in the trafﬁc network and total energy consumption. Various mixed trafﬁc ﬂow scenarios were addressed with varying CAV penetration rates, and the obtained results were compared with a baseline no-control scenario and a rule-based VSL. The data about vehicle-emission class and the share of gasoline and diesel human-driven vehicles were taken from the actual data from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. The obtained results show that Q-Learning-based VSL can learn the control policy and improve the macroscopic trafﬁc parameters and total energy consumption and can reduce exhaust gas emissions for different electric CAV penetration rates. The results are most apparent in cases with low CAV penetration rates. Additionally, the results indicate that for the analyzed trafﬁc demand, the increase in the CAV penetration rate alleviates the need to impose VSL control on an urban motorway.
Comparing new models of transverse instability with simulations

Recently, Balbekov and Burov have produced an ordinary integro-differential equation that approximates the Vlasov equation for beams with wakefields and large space charge tune shift. The present work compares this model with simulations. In particular, the claim that certain types of transverse wakes cannot lead to mode coupling instabilities is explored.
Remarks on long range scattering for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with Stark effects

In this paper, the global existence and asymptotic behavior in time of solutions for the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation with the Stark eﬀect in one or two space dimensions are studied. The nonlinearity is cubic and quadratic in one and two dimensional cases, respectively, and it is a summation of a gauge invariant term and non-gauge invariant terms. This nonlinearity is critical between the short range scattering and the long range one. A modiﬁed wave operator to this equation is constructed for small ﬁnal states. Its domain is a certain small ball in H 2 ∩ F H 2 , where F is the Fourier transform.
CHALLENGES IN SYLLABUS DESIGN FOR ESP COURSES I / II (FOR STUDENTS OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR)

Course development and syllabus design as a process within course development are frequently discussed issues within LSP. This paper strives to show the challenges that two ESP teachers faced in designing the most adequate syllabus for English for the Humanities and Social Sciences fi rst year undergraduate students at the Centre for Foreign Languages (University of Zadar) within the given teaching context and in reference to its students’ learning needs. The paper also shows how the challenges were approached and tackled. This paper can have implications for ESP/EAP teachers considering course development, syllabus design and materials development.
Methane Diffusion Parameters far Sized Coal Particles

and ABSTRACT A sorption apparatus f o r measuring the equilibrium sorption isotherm and the r a t e of diffusion of methane from fine-sized coal was designed and con-structed. Preliminary work that used Pittsburgh and Pocahontas No. 3 coal shows that the diffusion coefficient varies with pressure and that the frac-ture spacing i n these two coals i s substantially different.
NSS_A_312808 923..932

1Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education; Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People’s Republic of China Background: Although the deterioration of subjective and objective alertness during prolonged wakefulness has been investigated rigorously, whether perceived sleepiness and fatigue are consistent with actual decrements in behavioral performance in the time course is still disputed. The present study examined the dissociation between decrements of subjective alertness and performance deficits during prolonged wakefulness of one night and explored the relationship between body temperature and the impairments of subjective and objective alertness. Participants and Methods: Thirty-eight participants (27 females; age: 21.76 ± 2.37 years old) underwent prolonged wakefulness for one night at habitual bedtime (0:00–6:00 am). Participants completed a 10-min PVT to assess objective alertness, fatigue, and sleepiness ratings to assess subjective alertness every 2 hours, and body temperature was measured every hour during scheduled wakefulness. Results: Subjective alertness reflected a linear decline with time, but the magnitudes of objective performance deterioration increased significantly between 4:00 and 6:00 am. The increasing magnitudes of performance deficits were associated with the change of body temperature between 4:00 and 6:00 am. Conclusion: These results indicate that the perceived degree of decline in alertness is temporally dissociated with the actual decline in objective vigilance with increased duration of wakefulness. The dissociation of magnitudes of subjective and objective alertness decrements mainly occurs between 4:00 and 6:00 am, and the changes of performance deficits have a relationship with body temperature.
Improving Acute Stress Responses: The Power of Reappraisal

interact to shape stress responses (see Blascovich & Mendes, 2010, for a review). Both challenge and threat states are experienced during acute stress but differ in antecedent appraisal processes and downstream physiological responses. Individuals experience challenge when appraisals of personal resources exceed situational demands—like the expert skiers in the example above. Alternatively, threat manifests when perceived demands exceed resources. Although both states are accompanied by sympathetic activation, challenge is characterized by improved cardiac efficiency and dilation of the peripheral vasculature, , Abstract Contrary to lay beliefs, physiological changes that co-occur with stress are not necessarily bad. Much can be done during stressful experiences to promote adaptive responses. In this article, we review recent research on one method for improving acute stress responses: reappraising arousal. A growing body of research suggests that cognitive appraisals are powerful tools that help shift negative stress states to more positive ones. Arousal reappraisal instructs individuals to think of stress arousal as a tool that helps maximize performance. By reframing the meaning of the physiological signals that accompany stress, arousal reappraisal breaks the link between negative affective experiences and malignant physiological responses. We demonstrate how this approach can benefit physiological reactivity, attention, and performance and explore its potential applications.
Stability for parameter estimation in two point boundary value problems.

In recent years, the use of mathematical models not only in physical or technical sciences, but also for processes in the life sciences like physiology has become a general practice. Often the process of interest can be described by a differential equation the structure of which is determined by general principles, however, the numerical values of certain parameters are unknown [4], [9]. The parameter estimation problem consists of determining these unknown parameters from known observations (data) of the process that is being modelled. In recent years there were many contributions devoted to the numerical aspects of parameter estimation problems (see [3]-[5], [7], [9], [11]-[13] and the references given there, et al.) and to the problem of parameter identifiability; i.e. the injectivity of the map from the parameters to the observations. Furthermore it is wellknown that the parameter-to-observation map is often not continuously invertible and, more generally, the Solutions of parameter estimation problems in their outputleast-squares formulation do not depend continuously on the observations. However, beyond this general observation that such inverse problems are often illposed, this question received comparatively little attention. The main goal of our paper is to study these stability problems.
Special Issue: Social Determinants of Health in the Context of Age and Race: Research

Background and Objectives: COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted older adults and Black individuals. Research has focused on physical outcomes, with less attention to the psychological effects of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the interplay between perceptions of the COVID-19 outbreak as a threat to one’s day-to-day life, race, and psychological distress among middle-aged and older men and women. Research Design and Methods: Analyses were conducted on a subsample of self-identified non-Latino Whites and Black individuals aged 50 and older (N = 3,834) from the American Trends Panel. Psychological distress was assessed with 5 items adapted from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Perceived COVID-19 day-to-day threat was assessed with a single question. Negative binomial regressions tested the study aim. Results: Perceptions of COVID-19 day-to-day threat were positively associated with psychological distress. Black individuals reported lower distress than Whites. Regardless of gender, greater perceptions of COVID-19 day-to-day threats were associated with greater distress among both White respondents and Black respondents. However, this association was weaker among Black respondents than White respondents. Among men only, the association between COVID-19 dayto-day threat and distress varied by race, patterned similarly to the race differences identified in the total sample. This association did not vary by race among women. Discussion and Implications: This study contributes to the emerging literature focused on older adults and COVID-19 related stressors and psychological distress. An intersectional lens shows how structural oppression may shape perceptions of the pandemic. Future work should consider coexisting intersections in marginalized identities and mental health during COVID-19.
$\mathrm{t\bar{t}H/tH}$ production at CMS

After the Higgs boson discovery, a main focus at the CERN LHC has been the measurement of its properties. Observing the Higgs boson associated production with a top quark-antiquark pair ($\mathrm{t\bar{t}H}$) is particularly interesting because it provides tree-level access to measuring the Higgs boson-top quark Yukawa coupling. However, the production of a single top quark in association with the Higgs boson ($\mathrm{tH}$) is also sensitive to the sign of this coupling. This coupling is essential for the stability of the Higgs potential at high energy scales and can also be a probe for physics beyond the standard model (SM). The latest measurements of the $\mathrm{t\bar{t}H}$ and $\mathrm{tH}$ associated production rates performed by the CMS Collaboration with proton-proton collision events at $\sqrt{s} =13$ TeV in the diphoton and multilepton channels are presented here. Events are categorized according to the lepton and jet multiplicities, and multivariate classifiers are used to distinguish signal from background processes. The results are consistent with the SM predictions and feature the first observation of $\mathrm{t\bar{t}H}$ production in a single Higgs boson decay channel along with the first tests of its CP structure.
INFLUENCE OF VISCOUS EFFECTS ON MODEL/FULL-SCALE CAVITATION SCALING

Pertinent experimental results and theoretical prediction techniques are summarized and evaluated in terms of the influence of viscous effects on cavitation inception and the extent to which the boundary-layer properties complicate the correlation of model and full-scale cavitation inception. Consideration is given both to bodies having natural transition and bodies having laminar flow separation. The present approach assumes that cavitation inception is controlled by the pressure flucuations in the region of natural transition or laminar separation superimposed upon the static pressure. In general, these pressure fluctuations occur very close to the minimum potential-flow pressure for full-scale bodies but occur farther aft of the minimum pressure for corresponding models evaluated at a lower Reynolds number. Predictions are in good agreement with results from numerous experiments on cavitating bodies which have either natural transition or laminar separation. Numerical examples demonstrate the order of magnitude of viscous effects on model/full-scale cavitation-inception scalling for a typical propeller blade section. Areas for additional cavitation research to strengthen the present approach are recommended.
Absence of Observed Unspeakably Large Black Holes Tells Us the Curvature of Space

Using black-hole arguments with widely accepted premises, we show that it is extremely improbable that space is Euclidean, and that it is unspeakably improbable that space is hyperbolic. Independently, using an argument which makes no appeal to black holes, but only to the ratio of volumes in hyperbolic space of Hubble volumes from different times, we prove that space is not hyperbolic. We conclude by discussing some implications of these results, when conjoined with the assumption that the entropy of a black hole is the hidden information about its internal configuration.
The bottom of the spectrum of a Riemannian covering.

Let Ml be a complete Riemannian manifold, and let M2 be a Riemannian covering space of Ml—i.e. there is a map/: M2 —> Mt which is a local isometry. We will assume that Mi has "finite topological type," that is, it is topologically the union of finitely many simplices. A fundamental question is to understand how the bottom of the L-spectrum A0 behaves under such coverings. We considered this problem in [2] (see also [11]) in the special case where M1 is compact (so that A0(M1) = 0) and M2 = M1 is the universal covering of Mi. In this case, we resolved the question completely by the following: Theorem ([2]). >10(M1) = 0 if and only if ni(Ml) is an amenable group. A close examination of the proof shows that it was not important that we take M2 to be M1. An agreeably general version would be to assume only that π1(Μ2) is a normal subgroup of π1(Μ1), so that the group π1(Μ1)/π1(Μ2) is defined. One then replaces π1(Α/1) with π1(Μ1)/π1(Μ2) in the Statement of the theorem. A completely general Statement could be achieved by considering the action of π1(Μ1) οη the coset space π1(Μ1)/π1(Μ2), but we will not do that here. In [5], we were led to reconsider this question in a special case in which Ml had fmite volume. In that case, we found that we could achieve the conclusion of the theorem by making use of an "isoperimetric inequality in the cusps" which in the case at band was quite Standard. In this paper, we consider the problem for general noncompact manifolds. It is easy to see that when Mx and M2 are s above, we must have A0(M2)^A0(M1). To see this, we make use of the classical observation that for any complete Riemannian manifold, A0 is represented by a positive I0-harmonic function (which need not be L) and if λ is any number for which there exists a positive Λ,-harmonic function, then λ0^>λ (see [17] or [8]). One then lifts a positive A0-harmonic function on M1 to M2 to show λ0(Μ2)^λ0(Μ1).
Numerical and Experimental Efficiency Evaluation of a Counter-Rotating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

This paper investigates the concept of a concentric counter-rotating vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), consisting of a two stage vertical H-type turbine with three blades on each stage. The model has an inner and an outer stage, rotating in opposition to each other. Both numerical and experimental tests have been performed in order to validate this new concept. Numerical analysis is based on the use of 2.5-dimensional, unsteady simulations using a DOF type of analysis which allows for the two stages to self-adjust their rotation speed. Sliding mesh conformal interfaces are defined between these subdomains to minimize numerical artifacts such as artificial relations or entropy changes. Fully turbulent URANS were carried out in Ansys Fluent software. One key outcome was the momentum coefficient for each stage at different tip wind speed values. Another, more qualitative, outcome is the analysis of vortex shedding, impingement and overall interaction between the stages at different positions and scenarios. Ultimately, the numerical results have been validated using a scaled experimental device which was analyzed in the wind tunnel at different free stream speeds.
A review study on encapsulation‐based self‐healing for cementitious materials

Encapsulation‐based self‐healing technology is an effective method for healing the crack‐deteriorated cementitious material. Encapsulation‐based self‐healing initiates by crack occurrence and progresses by chemical reaction of released self‐healing agents in the cracks, which are contained in capsules. In this paper, a review has been conducted on various healing agents, encapsulation techniques, as well as experimental approaches, basing on existing substantial studies. Recently, there is no consistent agreement on the effective criteria for evaluating encapsulation‐based self‐healing and mature solution for increasing the survival ratio of capsules during mixing. However, the polyurethane‐based healing agents filled in glass or ceramic tubes are popularly applied for self‐healing cementitious materials. Besides, the polymer capsules present promising attractions for engineering application. Mechanical strength and durability are the most widely used self‐healing efficiency assessment indexes. On the other hand, nondestructive technique and numerical modeling have also extensively adopted to visualize and evaluate the self‐healing behavior of cementitious materials. However, there are still some challenges, which require further investigations, such as behavior of crack propagation, kinetics of healing agent in discrete crack surfaces, effect of inserted capsules on the mechanical properties of self‐healed cementitious materials.
Predictors of adverse perinatal outcome up to 34 weeks, a multivariable analysis study

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the best predictors of adverse perinatal outcome (APO) in foetuses examined up to 34 weeks and delivered by spontaneous or induced labour. This was a retrospective study of 129 pregnancies that underwent an ultrasound Doppler examination at 23–34 weeks and entered into labour within 30 days. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and mean uterine artery pulsatility index (mUtA PI) were converted into multiples of the median (MoM) and estimated foetal weight (EFW) into centiles to adjust for gestational age (GA). Sonographic and clinical parameters were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The multivariable model for the prediction of APO presented a notable accuracy: Detection rate (DR) was 39.5% for a false positive rate (FPR) of 5% and 56.8% for a FPR of 10%, AUC 0.82, p < . 0001. Significant predictors were GA, EFW centile, and CPR MoM, but not mUtA PI MoM. Moreover, the type of labour onset did not exert any influence on APO. In conclusion, up to 34 weeks, prediction of APO after spontaneous or induced labour may be done measuring CPR and EFW. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Earlier in pregnancy, foetal growth restriction is caused by placental disease causing progressive hemodynamic changes. These changes have been exhaustively described. Conversely, information about the best predictors of adverse outcome is scarce. What do the results of this study add? The findings of this study show that prior to 34 weeks and up to 1 month before labour, labour outcome might be predicted by gestational age, foetal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and estimated foetal weight (EFW). What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? If CPR behaves as a good marker of outcome not only at the end of pregnancy but also earlier in gestation, it might be interrogated along with EFW in foetuses attempting vaginal delivery to determine the risk of adverse outcome.
Microfinance and micropreneurship in rural South-East Nigeria: an exploration of the effects of institutions

ABSTRACT Informed by the work of Alistair Anderson on entrepreneurship as embedded in institutional contexts, this paper explores the experiences of 30 women micropreneurs in rural South-East Nigeria. These women are amongst the poorest people in the world and live in an environment marginalized from formal institutions, where informal ones are prioritized, and where culture and tradition reflect patriarchal limitations on their activities and experiences. We find that while microfinance is often cited as one of the key mitigators of institutional voids and an important support for entrepreneuring in deprived contexts, in fact there are critical barriers to uptake and socio-cultural conditions are found to limit the extent to which women trust and engage with microfinance. To that end, new methodologies that might mitigate perceived risks, including deepening poverty, are called for. Implications for those who would support enterprise in poverty circumstances in developing nations include that to be effective they must engage with the socio-cultural institutions and lived realities amongst the people they seek to serve. Alongside this, further application and development of the approaches to studying entrepreneurship in marginalized environments that Alistair was such as central contributor to are advocated.
Few-photon transport in quasi-one-dimensional geometries

An analysis of some aspects of photon transport through cavities and emitters embedded in a one-dimensional geometries is presented. The concept of photon blockade is defined for few-photon states interacting with a single two-level atom and the strength of achievable blockade is calculated in this setting. A brief review of some promising schemes for achieving photon blockade from the literature is also provided. The conflict between linear and nonlinear optical processes is studied for a novel version of the famous Hong-Ou-Mandel effect in a photonic waveguide with a side-coupled two-level emitter.