Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatology: Focus on Inflammatory Diseases and Interventions

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a main tool in pancreatology for both diagnosis and therapy. It allows minimally invasive differentiation of various diseases, with a minimal degree of inflammation or anatomic variations. EUS also enables interventional direct access to the pancreatic parenchyma and the retroperitoneal space, the pancreatic duct, the pancreatic masses, cysts, vascular structures for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Summary: This review aimed to summarize the new developments of EUS in the field of pancreatology, with special interest on inflammation and interventions. EUS enables way to perform pseudocyst drainage, necrosectomy, transenteral drainage and transenteric access of the main pancreatic duct, or the direct visualization or therapy of vascular structures adjacent to the pancreas. Key Messages: EUS has a deep impact on pancreatology, and the development of new diagnostic and interventional approaches to the retroperitoneal space and the pancreas has increased in the last years exponentially, allowing minimal invasive diagnostics and therapy and avoiding surgery and percutaneous therapy.
Storm‐enhanced plasma density features, daytime polar cap plasma enhancements, and their underlying plasma flows investigated during superstorms

This study investigates the effects of November superstorms on the daytime-evening northern topside ionosphere. We utilize multi-instrument interplanetary and geomagnetic data to analyze the interplanetary shock/electric (E) field events. To assess their impact, field-aligned DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) passes are employed. We tracked evening storm-enhanced density (SED) features and daytime polar plasma enhancements occurring regularly that allowed us to learn about the basic mechanisms responsible for their development. Results show that large vertical downward plasma flows supplied the plasma building up the SED features and polar plasma enhancements detected. These plasma formations occurred during the main phase with the forward superfountain and during a sub-storm with the reverse fountain. These provide observational evidence that primary downward plasma flows, triggered by detachment processes caused by the westward sub-auroral polarization stream (SAPS) E-fields, existed and became transported sunward. At SED-latitudes, these primary downward plasma flows were intensified by the forward superfountain when its upward plasma flow spilled over into the equatorial anomaly and cascaded down the magnetic field lines. When the reverse fountain was active, such intensification was not available to the primary downward plasma flows at SED-latitudes. As the downward streaming plasma found its way to the polar cap, it resulted in the development of daytime polar plasma enhancements. Statistically, daytime polar plasma enhancements occurred at all longitudes contradicting the myth that the North American region is better suited for the development of large plasma enhancements in the polar cap.
Effects of diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on the management and prevention of insulin resistance: A systematic review

Insulin resistance (IR), which is linked to obesity, is a mechanism associated with metabolic diseases, mainly type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies have shown that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties which positively affect IR. This systematic review examined the effects of MUFAs from different sources on IR in obese or overweight patients with or without metabolic syndrome. A search was carried out in the PubMed/Medline and Bireme/VHL databases, and data from 16 studies were analysed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The intervention time ranged from 1 day to 5.2 years. All participants were overweight or obese; some had central obesity, a moderate risk of cardiovascular disease, low high-density lipoprotein levels, altered fasting glucose levels, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. This systematic review provides evidence that MUFA-rich diets can improve IR.
Pausing of the ENSO Cycle: A Case Study from 1998 to 2002

Abstract The heat balance of the surface mixed layer is analyzed at the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (0°, 140°W) in order to examine the transition from the 1998 La Nina to the 2002 El Nino. The data used are observations from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON). Results show that interannual variation of eddy heat flux due to tropical instability waves slows the transition from La Nina to El Nino. Previous studies have described this slow transition as a pausing period of the ENSO cycle; that is, La Nina lingers and El Nino does not immediately appear despite a deepened thermocline. Heat balance analysis shows that the vertical heat advection anomaly and surface heat flux anomaly warm the mixed layer from 1999 to 2002. These warming anomalies cause the rise of the mixed layer temperature anomaly in the transition from La Nina to El Nino. In contrast, a cooling anomaly of the horizontal heat advection reduces the warming anomaly and slows down the transition fr.
The impact of dimethylformamide on the synthesis of graphene quantum dots derived from graphene oxide

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered immense interest in recent years due to their unique optical, electrical, and chemical properties, making them promising candidates for various applications in optoelectronics, bioimaging, and sensing. However, enhancing the control over the size, surface chemistry, and optical properties of GQDs remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel recipe was proposed to successfully synthesize various GQDs via a typical solvothermal process, which has proven to be a versatile and scalable approach. In addition to the main ingredient – graphene oxide suspension, dimethylformamide (DMF) and hydrogen peroxide serving as a cutting agent were added to the reaction mixture. This synthesis method was found to be more promising than the reference one in which DMF was replaced by double distilled water. Through systematic experimentation, we demonstrated that the addition of DMF enables the successful GQD production over a wider range of reaction times; hence, the UV absorption band and photoluminescence properties of GQDs can be better adjusted. The dependence of photoluminescence on the excitation wavelength was observed in the as-prepared materials as they were excited with a range of wavelengths from 360 to 480 nm. The obtained insights not only advance our understanding of GQD synthesis but also open up avenues for tailoring their properties for specific applications.
Attitudes and behaviors of individuals aged 90 and over towards rational use of drugs: cross-sectional research

Introduction: The current study was aimed to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors of individuals 90 years and older living in Malatya regarding rational drug use. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out with people aged 90 and over (n=1022) living in Malatya province and its districts. Face-to-face interview method was used to collect study data. In the first part of the form used for data collection, the descriptive characteristics of the participants were questioned, and in the second part, the attitudes and behaviors towards rational drug use were examined. Rational drug use features are evaluated by World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Results: The frequency of rational drug use was 84.1%, and the rate of over-the-counter drug use was 19.2% among individuals 90 years and older. 52.3% of the participants had over-the-counter medication at home for use, when necessary, without doctor's recommendation. The most commonly available over-the-counter group of drugs at home were painkillers. Conclusion: The frequency of rational drug use in individuals aged 90 and older has been determined higher than in the literature on individuals aged 65 and older. Education, guidance and counseling programs can be created to increase rational drug use within elderly people communities. Keywords: rational drug use; oldest-old; elderly; attitude; behavior
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF COASTAL CHANGE AND DISASTER MITIGATION ON MASAKAMBING ISLAND, SUMENEP REGENCY

Masakambing Island is one of the small islands in Sumenep Regency which has its own uniqueness and beauty. Small islands easily experience changes, one of which is changes in coastlines. The aim of this research is to determine the changes that occur along the coast and mitigation efforts by utilizing hydro-oceanographic parameters. Measurements of coastline changes were obtained from digitization results using the Normalized Different Water Index (NDWI) method with structural and non-structural mitigation efforts based on the parameter data taken. Wind parameters are dominated from the southeast and east with speeds ranging from 0.09 m/s - 22.75 m/s. The wave parameter values obtained were between 0.25 m – 0.83, while the current parameters ranged between 0.006 m/s – 0.642 m/s with the Formhazal number values showing 1.5 – 1.8. The wind was blowing cool and strong, as was the wave height in the slight category. The current flows southwest from the north of the island to the east. Single daily mixed Tide Type. The reduction in the area of Masakambing Island ranges from 0.063 km2 – 1.933 km2. Mitigation efforts that can be considered structurally include creating breakwaters and revetments, strengthening coastal buildings and planting vegetation. Non-structural mitigation that can be carried out includes creating standardization policies for disaster-resistant buildings, exploration and economic activity policies, public awareness as well as counseling and outreach regarding disaster mitigation.
Late Cenozoic erosion of the high-latitude southwestern Barents Sea shelf revisited

The southwestern Barents Sea has experienced profound erosion during the last ∼2.7 m.y. that has resulted in the development of a characteristic glacial morphology of the continental shelf and deposition of a several-kilometer-thick sediment fan along the western margin prograding into the deep sea. In the period from ca. 2.7 to 1.5 Ma, proglacial processes, including fluvial and glaciofluvial erosion, dominated. For this period, the total average erosion of the shelf was 170–230 m, the average erosion rate was 0.15–0.2 mm/yr, and the average sedimentation rates on the fan were 16–22 cm/k.y. Subglacial erosion affected an area of ∼575,000 km 2 during the period from ca. 1.5 to 0.7 Ma. Total average erosion is estimated at 330–420 m for this interval, and the average erosion rate was 0.4–0.5 mm/yr. Average sedimentation rates were 50–64 cm/k.y. During the last ∼0.7 m.y. , glacial erosion mainly has occurred beneath fast-flowing paleo-ice streams topographically confined to troughs (∼200,000 km 2 ). The total average erosion is estimated at 440–530 m, average erosion rate is 0.6–0.8 mm/yr, and average sedimentation rate on the continental slope is 18–22 cm/k.y. The amount of erosion was mainly determined by the duration of the glaciations and the location, velocity, and basal properties of the ice streams. In total, glacial erosion of the troughs has been relatively high throughout the last ∼2.7 m.y. at ∼1000–1100 m. For the banks, erosion is inferred to have increased from ca. 2.7 Ma to a peak between 1.5 and 0.7 Ma. Subsequently, little erosion occurred in these areas, which implies a total of 500–650 m of erosion. Compared with other high-latitude areas, our rates are among the highest so far reported. This comparison also demonstrates that there have been large variations in the rate of sediment delivery to the glaciated continental margins.
On the role of atmospheric chemistry in the global CO2 budget

A global 3D‐chemistry‐transport model is applied to study the magnitude and geographical distribution of the in situ photochemical CO2 production in the atmosphere. In the model 1823 TgC/y of reactive carbon compounds (RCC) are emitted at the surface on global and annual average. 46% of the RCC source is released by the vegetation, 27% from biomass burning, and 27% from fossil fuel incomplete combustion. Of these, 1213 TgC/y are oxidized to produce CO2. Physical removal of the emitted species represents a loss of 154 TgC/y; wet and dry deposition of intermediate oxidation products account for approximately 360 TgC/y. The relative importance of different reaction pathways is assessed. Sensitivity experiments indicate that only 30% to 45% of the RCC emitted are oxidized to CO2. Interhemispheric gradients of CO2 at the Earth's surface produced from RCC, including photochemistry and physical removal, are compared to CO2 gradients from RCC assuming that 100% of the RCC are released as CO2, common in CO2 inverse models. A maximum difference of 0.3 ppmv in the CO2 gradients is revealed, a result of potential significance for carbon cycle studies.
Combining laboratory and field measurements to define the hydraulic properties of soil

In situ field measurements and laboratory determinations are presented of the saturated and unsaturated flow properties of two contrasting soils. Field measurements were obtained with ponded rings or disc permeameters of different radii. A pressure-transient outflow technique was used in the laboratory on undisturbed cores. The soil water diffusivity function from this, when integrated, provides a good rendition of the growth of the field-measured sorptivity as the surface potential, ψo, approaches zero. The undisturbed wetting hydraulic conductivity K(ψ) from the cores of both soils merged neatly with the near-saturated field results. One soil from within the herbicide strip of an apple orchard had a smoothly continuous K(ψ) befitting its texture. However, the K(ψ) of the other soil, from a dairy pasture, displayed a matrix-macropore dichotomy due to its high level of soil floral and faunal activity. Here, a mean pore size weighted for unsaturated flow, when ψo < −100 mm, was 17 ± 4 µm. For ponded infiltration, this changed abruptly to 2.2 ± 0.6 mm. Large and connected macropores caused K to change three orders of magnitude as ψo went from just −100 mm to zero.
Assessing the Performance of SWAT and AnnAGNPS Models in a Coastal Plain Watershed, Choptank River, Maryland, U.S.A.

This study was conducted under the USDA-Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) on the Choptank River watershed which is located within the Chesapeake Bay watershed on the Delmarva Peninsula in Maryland, U.S.A. The watershed is nearly 1036 km2 and is dominated primarily by corn and soybean production with extensive poultry production operations. Portions of the watershed have been identified as “impaired waters” under Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act due to high levels of nutrients and sediment. In recent years, a significant number of state and federal incentive programs have been implemented for water quality improvement in this watershed, but environmental benefits from these programs have never been quantified. Two of the most widely used USDA watershed-scale models, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) were applied to quantify the environmental benefits widely used practices like winter cover crops. Five years (1991-1995) of detailed observed flow and water quality data were used to provide baseline calibration and validation for the two models. Simulation results showed significant differences in base-flow estimations for the two models. This difference may be considered to be a significant factor in model selection to estimate nutrients and sediment loads in regions of fairly flat landscapes such as the Coastal Plain physiographic region. This study concluded that both SWAT and AnnAGNPS models performed well for simulating hydrologic conditions, however, for nitrate loads, AnnAGNPS NC coefficients were relatively lower, slightly above an acceptable 0.5 value.
The potential effects of volcanic aerosols on cirrus cloud microphysics

The potential impact of volcanic aerosols on nucleation of ice crystals in upper tropospheric cirrus clouds is examined from a microphysical perspective. The sulfuric acid aerosols which form in the stratosphere are presumably transported into the troposphere by sedimentation and tropopause folding. The tropospheric volcanic aerosol size distribution is estimated from 10 [mu]m lidar backscatter measurements and in situ measurements. Microphysical simulations suggest that at temperatures below about [minus]50[degrees]C the concentration of ice crystals which nucleate may be as much as a factor of 5 larger when volcanic aerosols are present. The author's simulations suggest that the presence of volcanic aerosols may increase the net radiative forcing (surface warming) of certain types of cirrus near the tropopause by as much as 8 W/m[sup 2]. Further observations are required to determine whether these effects actually occur, and their global impact. 22 refs., 3 figs.
Novel Synchronization Criteria for Non-Dissipative Coupled Networks with Bounded Disturbances and Time-Varying Delays of Unidentified Bounds via Impulsive Sampling Control

The μ−synchronization issues of non-dissipative coupled networks with bounded disturbances and mixed delays are studied in this article. Different from existing works, three kinds of time delays, including internal delays, coupling delays, and impulsive sampling delays, have unidentified bounds and even evolve towards infinity over time, making the concerned network more practical. Considering μ−stability theory and impulse inequality techniques, a hybrid non-delayed and time-delayed impulsive controller including both current and historical state information is designed, and several novel sufficient conditions are derived to make nonlinear complex networks achieve μ−synchronization. Moreover, not only can the constriction of dissipative coupling conditions on network topology be relaxed, but also the restriction of various time delays on impulsive intervals can be weakened, which makes the theoretical achievements in this article more general than the previous achievements. Ultimately, numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of our results.
Nonlocal magnon transconductance in extended magnetic insulating II: two-ﬂuid behavior.

(Dated: This review provides a comprehensive study of the spatial dispersion of propagating magnons, which are electrically emitted or absorbed inside extended YIG ﬁlms by the spin transfer eﬀects via a YIG | Pt interface. Our purpose is to provide a generic framework to describe magnon transconductance inside extended magnetic insulating ﬁlms. We experimentally elucidate the relevant spectral contributions by studying the lateral decay of the magnon signal. While most of the injected magnons do not reach the collector, the propagating magnons may be split into two ﬂuids: i) a large portion of high-energy magnons carrying energy of about 𝑘 𝐵 𝑇 0 , where 𝑇 0 is the temperature of the lattice, with a characteristic decay length in the sub-micrometer range and ii) a small portion of low-energy magnons, which are particles carrying energy of about ℏ𝜔 𝐾 , where 𝜔 𝐾 ∕(2 𝜋 ) is the Kittel frequency, with a characteristic decay length in the micrometer range. Exploiting their diﬀerent physical characteristics, the low-energy magnons may become the dominant ﬂuid i) at large spin transfer rate for the bias causing emission of magnons, ii) at large distance from the emitter, iii) at small ﬁlm thickness or iv) for reduced band mismatch between the YIG beneath the emitter and the bulk due to temperature change of the magnon bath. This broader picture amends part I [1], which concentrates solely on the nonlinear transport properties of low-energy magnons. magnons to low-energy magnons at 𝐼 1 → 0 . We observe an increase of 𝑇 𝑐 − 𝑇 ⋆𝑐 with decreasing ﬁlm thickness, suggesting an increasing inﬂuence of low-energy magnons at high power 𝐼 1 → 𝐼 𝑐 as the ﬁlm thickness decreases.
Sustainable Ice Cream Base: Harnessing Mango Seed Kernel (Mangifera indica L. var. Tommy Atkins) Waste and Cheese Whey

The agro-food industry plays a crucial role in enhancing living standards; however, inadequate losses and waste management persists as significant challenges within its processes. Particularly, mango and cheese processing generate substantial waste, leading to ecological disruptions, economic losses, and concerns related to food security and public health. To address these issues, this study was aimed at utilizing this waste to produce a high-quality ice cream base, thereby valorizing the discarded materials. This approach not only adds nutritional value but also contributes to food security and sovereignty. The raw materials (cheese whey, oil, and starch) were subjected to physicochemical characterization, leading to the development of three different ice cream base formulations. Subsequently, the ice cream bases were evaluated for their physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties. The findings of this study revealed that mango seed kernel and cheese whey waste contain valuable components that enable the creation of an ice cream base with excellent physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties. Moreover, this research showcases a promising solution for effectively valorizing food waste and generating value-added products such as ice cream, thus promoting sustainability and resource optimization within the agro-food industry.
Effect of various doses of basal and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium with trace elements on summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

The present field study was carried out during summer season of 2020 and 2021 at Jaguli Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal to study the effect of solid and foliar grade of N and K along with trace elements in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. In main plot; F0, control; F1, 50% RDN and K; F2, 75% RDN and K and; F3, 100% RDN and K and sub-plot T1, Starter dose of N and K @2% with 10:20 ratio + micronutrient mixture of Fe, B, Zn and Mo foliar spray at 30 DAE; T2, Booster dose of N and K @2% with 5:40 ratio + micronutrient mixture of Fe, B, Zn and Mo foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAE; and T3, Starter dose + Booster dose. Growth and yield attributes of groundnut were significantly influenced by application of inorganic fertilizer and maximum were recorded with 100% of RDN and K. Foliar applications of RDN and K with a micronutrient mixture responded better at later stages (45 and 60 DAE) than at an earlier stage (30 DAE). Higher groundnut pod yield was obtained with basal application of 100% of RDN and K but performed statistically same response to the treatment 75% of RDN and K. The pod yield increased by 5–12% with each incremental dose of inorganic fertilizer, while it decreased in control. Booster dose of N and K gave higher pod and oil yield to starter dose. Maximum BCR of 2.38 and 1.99 was found in 100% of RDN and K and in booster doses of N and K. Inorganic fertilizer as basal and foliar application + micronutrients increased the groundnut pod yield but foliar application was not substitute to any quantity of inorganic fertilizer.