Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonrapid eye movement sleep and risk for autism spectrum disorder in early development: A topographical electroencephalogram pilot study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that emerges in the beginning years of life (12–48 months). Yet, an early diagnosis of ASD is challenging as it relies on the consistent presence of behavioral symptomatology, and thus, many children are diagnosed later in development, which prevents early interventions that could benefit cognitive and social outcomes. As a result, there is growing interest in detecting early brain markers of ASD, such as in the electroencephalogram (EEG) to elucidate divergence in early development. Here, we examine the EEG of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in the transition from infancy to toddlerhood, a period of rapid development and pronounced changes in early brain function. NREM features exhibit clear developmental trajectories, are related to social and cognitive development, and may be altered in neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, spectral features of NREM sleep are poorly understood in infants/toddlers with or at high risk for ASD.
Oncogene PLCE1 may be a diagnostic biomarker and prognostic biomarker by influencing cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy worldwide. HCC has traits of late diagnosis and high recurrence. This study explored potential diagnosis and prognosis significance of phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) in HCC. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and diagnostic value of PLCE1 were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and online databases GEPIA, oncomine, and GSE14520 data set. Survival analysis used the Kaplan–Meier Plotter website. Cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed with downregulated PLCE1 expression in HCC‐M and HepG2 cell lines. PLCE1 was differentially expressed and highly expressed in tumors and had low expression in nontumor tissues (all p < .05). The diagnostic value of PLCE1 was validated with the datasets (all p < .01, all areas under curves > 0.7). PLCE1 mRNA expression was associated with the overall and relapse‐free survival (both p < .05). Functional experiments indicated that downregulation of PLCE1 expression led to increased G1 stage in cell cycle and decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared with a negative control group (all p ≤ .05). The oncogene PLCE1 was differentially expressed in HCC and non‐HCC tissues. It is a candidate for diagnosis and serves as prognosis biomarker. PLCE1 influenced survival by affecting the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and invasion ability.
Impairment of cyclopean surface processing by disparity-defined masking stimuli

Binocular disparity signals allow for the estimation of three-dimensional shape, even in the absence of monocular depth cues. The perception of such disparity-defined form depends, however, on the linkage of multiple disparity measurements over space. Performance limitations in cyclopean tasks thus inform us about errors arising in disparity measurement and difficulties in the linkage of such measurements. We used a cyclopean orientation discrimination task to examine the perception of disparity-defined form. Participants were presented with random-dot sinusoidal modulations in depth and asked to report whether they were clockwise or counter-clockwise rotated. To assess the effect of different noise structures on measurement and linkage processes, task performance was measured in the presence of binocular, random-dot masks, structured as either antiphase depth sinusoids, or as random distributions of dots in depth. For a fixed number of surface dots, the ratio of mask-to-surface dots was varied to obtain thresholds for orientation discrimination. Antiphase masks were found to be more effective than random depth masks, requiring a lower mask-to-surface dot ratio to inhibit performance. For antiphase masks, performance improved with decreased cyclopean frequency, increased disparity amplitude, and/or an increase in the total number of stimulus dots. Although a cross-correlation model of disparity measurement could account for antiphase mask performance, random depth masking effects were consistent with limitations in relative disparity processing. This suggests that performance is noise-limited for antiphase masks and complexity-limited for random masks. We propose that use of differing mask types may prove effective in understanding these distinct forms of impairment.
Dosimetric evaluation of incorporating the revised V4.0 calibration protocol for breast intraoperative radiotherapy with the INTRABEAM system

Abstract In breast‐targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) clinical trials (TARGIT‐B, TARGIT‐E, TARGIT‐US), a single fraction of radiation is delivered to the tumor bed during surgery with 1.5‐ to 5.0‐cm diameter spherical applicators and an INTRABEAM x‐ray source (XRS). This factory‐calibrated XRS is characterized by two depth‐dose curves (DDCs) named "TARGIT" and "V4.0. ” Presently, the TARGIT DDC is used to treat patients enrolled in clinical trials; however, the V4.0 DDC is shown to better represent the delivered dose. Therefore, we reevaluate the delivered prescriptions under the TARGIT protocols using the V4.0 DDC. A 20‐Gy dose was prescribed to the surface of the spherical applicator, and the TARGIT DDC was used to calculate the treatment time. For a constant treatment time, the V4.0 DDC was used to recalculate the dosimetry to evaluate differences in dose rate, dose, and equivalent dose in 2‐Gy fractions (EQD2) for an α/β = 3.5 Gy (endpoint of locoregional relapse). At the surface of the tumor bed (i.e., spherical applicator surface), the calculations using the V4.0 DDC predicted increased values for dose rate (43–16%), dose (28.6–23.2 Gy), and EQD2 (95–31%) for the 1.5‐ to 5.0‐cm diameter spherical applicator sizes, respectively. In general, dosimetric differences are greatest for the 1.5‐cm diameter spherical applicator. The results from this study can be interpreted as a reevaluation of dosimetry or the dangers of underdosage, which can occur if the V4.0 DDC is inadvertently used for TARGIT clinical trial patients. Because the INTRABEAM system is used in TARGIT clinical trials, accurate knowledge about absorbed dose is essential for making meaningful comparisons between radiation treatment modalities, and reproducible treatment delivery is imperative. The results of this study shed light on these concerns.
Ischemic and non-ischemic patterns of late gadolinium enhancement in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Background Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) may reveal myocardial fibrosis which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement. At the same time, transmural LGE in the posterolateral wall is related to nonresponse to conventional cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Herein, the aim was to assess the presence and determinants of LGE in CMR in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. Methods Sixty-seven patients were included (17.9% female, aged 45 [29–60] years), who underwent LGE-CMR and had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as determined by echocardiography. Results In HF patients with LVEF ≤ 35% (n = 29), ischemic and non-ischemic patterns of LGE were observed in 51.7% and 34.5% of patients, respectively. In controls (n = 38), these patterns were noted in 23.7% and 42.1% of patients, respectively. HF patients with LVEF ≤ 35% and transmural LGE in the posterolateral wall (31.0%) were characterized by older age, coronary artery disease (CAD) and previous myocardial infarction (MI) (61 ± 6 vs. 49 ± 16 years, p = 0.008, 100% vs. 40%, p = 0.003 and 78% vs. 25%, p = 0.014, respectively). In patients with LVEF ≤ 35%, LGE of any type, diagnosed in 86.2% of patients, was associated with CAD (68% vs. 0%, p = 0.02), while only trends were observed for its association with older age and previous MI (p = 0.08 and p = 0.12, respectively). Conclusions Among HF patients with LVEF ≤ 35%, clinical factors including older age, CAD, and previous MI are associated with transmural LGE in the posterolateral wall, while CAD is associated with LGE. This data may have potential implications for planning ICD and CRT placement procedures.
Evaluation of Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Physician‐Authors of American College of Rheumatology Clinical Practice Guidelines

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) underpin patient care, and ideally authors of these guidelines would be free from outside influence. However, it has been shown many times that authors of professional society CPGs receive large sums of money from industry drug companies, creating financial conflicts of interest. This study investigated industry payments catalogued in the Open Payments Database (OPD) that have been received by authors of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) CPGs.
Tracheostomy Complications in the Emergency Department: A National Analysis of 38,271 Cases

Background: Greater than 100,000 tracheotomies are performed annually in the USA, yet little is known regarding patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with tracheostomy complications. Objectives: To characterize patient and hospital characteristics, outcomes, and charges associated with tracheostomy complications and to identify predictors of admission and mortality. Methods: The 2009–2011 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) was queried for patients with a principle diagnosis of tracheostomy complication. A descriptive analysis was performed and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of admission and mortality. Results: A total of 69,371 nationwide visits to the ED had tracheostomy complication as an associated ICD-9 diagnosis, of which 55.2% (n = 38,293) carried a primary diagnosis of tracheostomy complication. Unspecified tracheostomy complications were most common (61.4%), followed by mechanical complications (31.3%), and lastly by tracheostomy infections (7.3%). Pediatric patients were significantly more likely to have tracheostomy infections than adults (p < 0.0001). A total of 35.5% of patients with tracheostomy complications were admitted to the hospital, and death occurred with 1.4% of visits. Patients from higher-income ZIP codes had increased odds of admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.35; p = 0.0009), as did patients with tracheostomy infections (OR: 4.425; p < 0.0001). Patients with tracheostomy infections (OR: 3.14; p = 0.0062) and unspecified tracheostomy complications (OR: 2.00; p = 0.0076) had increased odds of mortality. Conclusion: These findings may help improve overall outcomes amongst patients with tracheostomies by preventing unnecessary ED admissions and improving healthcare provider preparedness and awareness.
Seasonal and subtype differences in body mass index at admission in inpatients with anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE In the general population, body weight is-on average-higher in the winter than in the summer. In patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), however, the opposite pattern has been reported. Yet, only a handful of studies exist to date that suffer from small sample sizes and inconsistent results. Therefore, the current study examined seasonal effects on body weight in a large sample of patients with AN to dissolve previous inconsistencies. METHOD Clinical records of N = 606 inpatients (95.4% female) who received AN treatment at the Schoen Clinic Roseneck (Prien am Chiemsee, Germany) between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with restrictive type AN had lower body mass index at admission in the winter than in the summer. This difference was not found for patients with binge/purge type AN and patients with atypical AN. DISCUSSION Individuals with restrictive type AN show seasonal variations in body weight that are opposite to seasonal variations in body weight in individuals without AN. These seasonal effects are specific to the restrictive subtype and cannot be found for the binge/purge or atypical subtypes. Future studies that replicate this effect in other cultures or latitudes and that examine the mediating mechanisms are needed.
Getting to know me better: An fMRI study of intimate and superficial self-disclosure to friends during adolescence.

Adolescence is often defined as a period of social reorientation, characterized by increased engagement with, and reliance on, same-aged peers. Consistent with these shifting motivations, we hypothesized that communicating information about oneself to friends would be intrinsically valued during adolescence. We specifically examined behavioral and neural differences when sharing information of varying depth in intimacy. These questions were investigated in a sample of early adolescent girls (N = 125, ages 10.0-13.0 years) who completed a self-disclosure monetary choice task while undergoing fMRI. Behaviorally, adolescents gave up more money to share superficial self-referential information than intimate self-referential information with a (real-life) close friend. Neural analyses identified extensive engagement of regions that support social cognition and emotion regulation when engaging in intimate self-disclosure. Behavioral and neural valuation of sharing superficial information were related to individual differences in self-worth and friendship quality. Comparatively, across all levels of analyses, adolescents were less likely to share intimate information. Findings highlight both the value and costs associated with self-disclosure during this time of increased peer sensitivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Pressure Induced Amorphization of Diisopropylammonium Perchlorate Studied by Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction.

Diisopropylammonium salts have drawn attention in recent years due to their room temperature ferroelectric properties. Triclinic diisopropylammonium perchlorate (DIPAP) exhibits ferroelectricity at room temperature. We have carried out density functional theory calculations to assign the phonon modes in DIPAP. High pressure Raman spectra of DIPAP were recorded up to ~3 GPa. Discontinuity in the NH2 bending and stretching mode frequencies and appearance of new bands at 0.7 GPa suggests a phase transition by a rearrangement in hydrogen network. Broadening of lattice modes at 1.3 -1.7 GPa indicates loss of crystalline nature above 1.7 GPa. High pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction of DIPAP shows an isostructural phase transition at 0.6 GPa and confirms amorphization at 1.5 GPa that may lead to loss of ferroelectricity above this pressure. The ambient phase is reversible after releasing pressure. Bulk modulus of DIPAP was determined to be 16.7 GPa.
Diapocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, counteracts diisopropylfluorophosphate‐induced long‐term neurotoxicity in the rat model

Organophosphate (OP) nerve agents are a threat to both the military and civilians. OP exposure causes cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE) because of irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase that can be life‐threatening if left untreated. OP survivors develop long‐term morbidity, such as cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction, because of oxidative stress and progressive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which act as disease promoters. Current medical countermeasures (MCMs) do not mitigate these pathologies. Therefore, our goal was to target these disease promoters using diapocynin (DPO), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in addition to MCMs, in a rat diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) model. The DFP‐intoxicated rats were treated with DPO (300 mg/kg, oral, six doses, 12‐h intervals) or vehicle 2 h following behavioral SE termination with diazepam. The DPO treatment significantly rescued DFP‐induced motor impairment and attenuated epileptiform spiking during the first 72 h after DFP exposure in severely seizing rats despite no difference in epileptiform spike rate between the vehicle and DPO groups in mild SE rats. DPO significantly reduced DFP‐induced reactive astrogliosis, neurodegeneration, GP91phox, glutathiolated protein, serum nitrite, and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukins (ILs) IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐17A, leptin, and IP‐10, in the hippocampus. Collectively, these data support a neuroprotective role of DPO in an OP‐induced neurotoxicity model.
An unusual presentation of gross cerebral vascular dilatation in a TB/HIV co-infected individual

Abstract Aneurysmal dilatation secondary to HIV vasculitis is well described being more common in patients under 45 years of age with advanced stage HIV infection (CD4 < 200 cells/µl). Tuberculous meningitis is far more common than previously anticipated with centres in Cape Town publishing that more than half of all cases of adult meningitis were secondary to tuberculosis. But aneurysmal dilatation of the cerebral vessels is exceedingly rare complication in this population. We report a 14-year-old male presenting to Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital in South Africa, with a first seizure and Tuberculous Meningitis. The patient was lost to follow-up with subsequent representation 2 years later with worsening clinical picture and imaging revealing marked anterior circulation aneurysmal dilatation. The patient was newly diagnosed as being HIV positive giving uncertainty of the aetiology of his vascular malformations. Aneurysmal dilatation in HIV associated cerebral vasculitis is rare. It is more frequently encountered in young adults with advanced disease who are severely immunocompromised. Tuberculous involvement in the central nervous system is thought to be due to secondary reactivation of quiescent foci of micro infection. Aneurysmal dilatation in the setting of Tuberculous Meningitis is infrequently reported in medical literature.
Management and Outcome of Local Regrowths in a Watch-and-wait Prospective Cohort for Complete Responses in Rectal Cancer

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: To evaluate the management and oncological outcomes of rectal cancer patients with local regrowth in a watch-and-wait (W&W) program. Background: Approximately 15%–30% of patients with a clinical complete response after (chemo) radiotherapy who undergo a W&W policy will experience a local regrowth. The risks of these local regrowths have not yet been fully established and main concerns include high postoperative morbidity, requirement of advanced surgery, and pelvic recurrence after regrowth treatment. Methods: All patients with a local regrowth after an initial W&W approach between January 2005 and March 2018 were retrospectively identified from 2 cohorts of rectal cancer patients with a clinical complete response after (chemo) radiotherapy. Type and outcome of regrowth treatment were assessed. Oncological outcome was assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results: Eighty-nine out of 385 patients developed a local regrowth after a median of 9 (interquartile range 7–14) months. Median follow-up time was 28 (interquartile range 19–41) months. Eighty-four (94%) patients underwent surgical treatment of the local regrowth: total mesorectal excision was performed in 58 out of 84 (69%) patients and local excision was performed in 26 (31%) patients. The 2-year local recurrence-free rate, distant metastasis-free rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival in the patients undergoing surgical treatment were 97.8%, 91.8%, 90.3%, and 98.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The vast majority (97%) of patients with regrowth after a W&W policy were able to undergo treatment with curative intent for local regrowth. Uncontrolled pelvic disease was very rare.
Biotransformation Changes Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Diclofenac in Aquatic Organisms.

Biotransformation plays a crucial role in regulating the bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of organic compounds in organisms but is, in general, poorly understood for emerging contaminants. Here we have used diclofenac as a model compound to study the impact of biotransformation on the bioaccumulation potential and toxicity in two keystone aquatic invertebrates: Gammarus pulex and Hyalella azteca. In both species, diclofenac was transformed into several oxidation products and conjugates, including two novel products, i.e. diclofenac taurine conjugate (DCF-M403) and unexpected diclofenac methyl ester (DCF-M310.03). The ratios of biotransformation products to parent compound were 12-17 for DCF-M403 and 0.01-0.7 for DCF-M310.03 after 24 h exposure. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of diclofenac were 0.5 and 3.2 L kg ww-1 in H. azteca and G. pulex, respectively, whereas BCFs of DCF-M310.03 was 164.5 L kg ww-1 and 104.7 L kg ww-1, respectively, representing a 25 to 110-fold increase. Acute toxicity of DCF-M310.03 was also higher than the parent compound in both species, which correlated well with the increased bioconcentration potential. The LC50 of diclofenac in H. azteca was 216 mg L-1, while that of metabolite DCF-M310.03 was reduced to only 0.53 mg L-1, representing a 430-fold increase in acute toxicity compared to diclofenac. DCF-M403 is less toxic than its parent compound towards H. azteca, which may be linked to its slightly lower hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the transformation of diclofenac to its methyl ester derivative was explored in crude invertebrate extracts spiked with an S-adenosylmethionine cofactor, revealing possible catalysis by an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent -carboxylic acid methyltransferase. Methylation of diclofenac was further detected in fish hepatocytes and human urine, indicating a broader relevance. Therefore, potentially methylated metabolites of polar contaminants should be considered for a comprehensive risk assessment in the future.
Microbial, nutritional, and organoleptic quality of pomegranate juice following high-pressure homogenization and low-temperature pasteurization.

This study investigated the effects of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on microbial, nutritional, and organoleptic qualities of pomegranate juice. Juices subjected to HPH at 100 and 150 MPa were compared to those subjected to thermal pasteurization at 55, 65, and 75 °C for 15 s, and to combined treatments. Physicochemical properties of pomegranate juices, such as color, pH, acidity, and total soluble solids, were marginally affected by either treatment. Significant microbial inactivation for the juices inoculated with Escherichia coli and yeast was achieved during 28 days of shelf life by HPH at 150 MPa, followed by thermal treatment at 65 °C. There was no significant difference in ascorbic acid levels between the treated and fresh juice. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were measured to be higher in case of both treatment methods. Analyzing treated HPH samples with electronic tongue and nose showed similar flavor profiles to the fresh juice. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The work shows the benefits of using the advanced high-pressure homogenization (HPH) compared to common thermal treatment used today in fruit juice pasteurization. HPH is capable to provide sufficient reduction in microbial with better nutritional and organoleptic quality. In this manuscript, we showed the potential of HPH as alternative method for pasteurization on a highly healthy fruit like pomegranate. The work describes the advantages in HPH process through comprehensive analysis for nutritional, microbial, and sensorial quality.
P7C3‐A20 alleviates fatty liver by shaping gut microbiota and inducing FGF21/FGF1, via the AMP‐activated protein kinase/CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 pathway

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide public health problem with no established pharmacological therapy. Here, we explored the potential benefit of P7C3‐A20, a novel aminopropyl carbazole compound with neuroprotective activity, in a NAFLD model, induced in mice by a high‐fat diet (HFD).