Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing the PAOCS Scale (Perceptions and Attitude toward Oral Communication in Science) for Postsecondary Science Students

The ability to communicate orally is important in science, but few tools assess students’ perceptions and attitude toward scientific oral communication in scientific programs. This research developed the Perceptions and attitude towards oral communication in science (PAOCS) questionnaire for postsecondary students with the theoretical model associated. A sample of 1,295 Quebec college students in a natural sciences program participated in this research, responding to the three versions of the questionnaire during the stages of its development. Principal component analyses (PCA) followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) made it possible to identify five factors for the PAOCS questionnaire: pleasure, anxiety, perceived relevance, and two aspects of self-efficacy (SE OCS ), namely the Norms & Content SE OCS , which relates to the effectiveness in expressing oneself orally, and the Showmanship SE OCS , which describes rather how to be dynamic and capture the attention of the audience. The overall evaluation of the PAOCS shows that this questionnaire has good psychometric qualities and that the components obtained during the validation process support the theoretical model.
Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth, Metabolism, Antioxidative Capacity, and Fillet Quality of Adult Triploid Rainbow Trout Farmed in Net Cage

The research is aimed at investigating the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on adult triploid rainbow trout growth performance, feed utilization, digestive and metabolic enzyme activities, antioxidative capacity, and fillet quality. Nine diets containing three dietary protein levels (DP) (300, 350, and 400 g kg−1) and three dietary lipid levels (DL) (200, 250, and 300 g kg−1) were prepared using a 3 × 3 factorial design. In freshwater cages, 13,500 adult female triploid rainbow trout (3.2 ± 0.1 kg) were cultured for 77 days. Triplicate cages (500 fish per cage) were used as repetitions of each experimental diet. The findings revealed that as DP increased to 400 g kg−1 and DL raised to 300 g kg−1, the weight gain ratio (WGR) elevated significantly (P < 0.05). However, when DP ≥ 350 g kg−1, WGR was similar in the DL250 and DL300 groups. As DP raised to 350 g kg−1, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) notably decreased (P < 0.05). In the DP350DL300 group, lipids had a protein-sparing impact. High DP diet (400 g kg−1) generally improved fish health status by increasing antioxidant capacity in the liver and intestine. A high DL diet (300 g kg−1) showed no harmful effect on hepatic health based on plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and antioxidant capacity in the liver. For fillet quality, a high DP diet could increase fillet yield, improve fillet hardness, springiness, and water-holding capacity values, and inhibit the production of off-flavors caused by n-6 fatty acids. A high DL diet could increase odor intensity, and EPA, DHA, and n-3 fatty acid concentrations decrease the thrombogenicity index value. The maximum fillet redness value was discovered in the DP400DL300 group. Overall, for adult triploid rainbow trout (≥3 kg), the minimum recommended DP and DL according to growth performance were 400 and 250 g kg−1, respectively; DP and DL based on feed utilization were 350 and 200 g kg−1, respectively; DP and DL based on fillet quality were 400 and 300 g kg−1, respectively.
Kinetic evidence of magnetic reconnection due to Kelvin‐Helmholtz waves

The Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) instability at the Earth's magnetopause is predominantly excited during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Magnetic reconnection due to KH waves has been suggested as one of the mechanisms to transfer solar wind plasma into the magnetosphere. We investigate KH waves observed at the magnetopause by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission; in particular, we study the trailing edges of KH waves with Alfvénic ion jets. We observe gradual mixing of magnetospheric and magnetosheath ions at the boundary layer. The magnetospheric electrons with energy up to 80 keV are observed on the magnetosheath side of the jets, which indicates that they escape into the magnetosheath through reconnected magnetic field lines. At the same time, the low‐energy (below 100 eV) magnetosheath electrons enter the magnetosphere and are heated in the field‐aligned direction at the high‐density edge of the jets. Our observations provide unambiguous kinetic evidence for ongoing reconnection due to KH waves.
The Reality of SMEs and Sustainable Development from the Perspective of Innovative Economic Vision of the Kingdom of Bahrain 2030

The study aimed to identify the reality of SMEs and the sustainability of their development from the perspective of innovation in light of the economic vision of the Kingdom of Bahrain 2030. The study used the descriptive analysis approach, based on the published reports of small and medium enterprises. In addition, the survey has been used to find out the size of the obstacles and challenges facing these small and medium enterprises in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The sample consists of 270 small and medium enterprises in the Kingdom of Bahrain as the population of this study was 829 company, were the data collected has been analyzed using the SPSS version 27. The study's findings highlight the significance of institutions' long-term viability and growth in light of their central function in the advancement of the economic development cycle. Another significant factor is the requirement for the company to grow and innovate in its operations, as well as the financial and marketing help that the state may provide as a partner in the economy's growth. Furthermore, Companies greatly contribute to the strategic and economic planning of governments due to their significant impact on the economy and involvement in it. In order to achieve the maximum levels of the economy, which in our day has become the most important priority, the researchers advised enhancing the activation of institutional processes and working toward the creation of creative and smart institutions crucial for nations, which in turn promotes the growth of entrepreneurship initiatives and their operations. Additionally, he exhorted small and medium-sized businesses to step up their support by investing in the creation of their cutting-edge goods in order to keep up with the market and achieve the goals of the Kingdom of Bahrain's Vision 2030.
Estimating Ecological Characteristics and Carbon Stock in Uneven-Aged Plantations of <i>Acacia senegal</i> L. in the Savannah Woodlands of Sudan

The aim of this study was to assess Acacia senegal trees’ characteristics as well as evaluate the carbon stock under a variety of ages in the El Demokeya forest in Sudan, where the Gum Arabic belt is located. 12 sample plots, in 2021 were randomly distributed to represent the entire area of the forest prior to the required measurements. The sample was designed as squire plots with one hectare. In each sample plot, all trees were counted, their height (m)
On the Extinction of the S–I–S stochastic logistic epidemic

We obtain an approximation to the mean time to extinction and to the quasi-stationary distribution for the standard S–I–S epidemic model introduced by Weiss and Dishon (1971). These results are a combination and extension of the results of Norden (1982) for the stochastic logistic model, Oppenheim et al. (1977) for a model on chemical reactions, Cavender (1978) for the birth-and-death processes and Bartholomew (1976) for social diffusion processes.
Failure of Unidirectional Composites in Tension

Two approaches were used to predict the tensile strength of unidirectional fibrous composites. The first, based on a criterion of maximum tensile traction on the failure plane, was applied to predominantly brittle systems. The second, based on the maximum distortional energy concept, was applied to predominantly ductile systems which manifest yield before fracture. In both cases, it was found that only one material parameter is required to predict the strength-versus-fiber orientation relationship, provided the same failure mode prevails. Tests performed on brittle and ductile glass-epoxy composites agreed favorably with the stated theoretical formulations under uniaxial tension and flexure. The applicability of the theory was not affected by the strain-rate factor, which does have a substantial effect on the yield strength of the ductile system. A similar approach can be used to predict the tensile strength of unidirectional composites under more general cases of plane stress.
The Use of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test for Monitoring the Percentage Germination of Accessions in Seed Banks

Accessions of seeds, put aside for long-term conservation in seed banks, need to be monitored periodically in order to guard against loss of viability. Each inspection can be regarded as a formal test of the null hypothesis that the accession requires regeneration. In this paper the application of the sequential probability ratio test to such inspections is explored. The approximate theoretical properties of the sequential test procedure are determined and compared with simulation results. The most important advantage of the sequential approach over an equivalent fixed-sample approach is that, on average, it consumes far fewer seeds.
Revealing students' critical thinking ability according to facione's theory

The importance of critical thinking ability in solving mathematical problems can improve the quality of thinking and make thinkers better understand the content that has been studied. This research aims to reveal students' critical thinking ability using Facione's theory to solve comparative problems. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study consisted of 2 students taken from 20 participants based on data saturation. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests, interviews, validation sheets, and documentation. The data analysis technique of the research results was carried out through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the discussion results, the researcher revealed students' critical thinking skills through six components of critical thinking based on Facione's theory, namely Interpretation, Analysis, Evaluation, Inference, Explanation, and Self-Regulation. Significant differences between the two subjects appear at the explanation stage. At this stage, subject 1 uses the procedure in the concept scheme, and the explanation of the argument of subject 1 is very logical. This can be seen in clarifying the evaluation and inference stages, where the subject performs calculations correctly and logically. Meanwhile, subject 2 uses detailed procedures in its planning, indicated by notes at the analysis stage.
A wideband quadruple-ridged horn antenna for the multifeed S-band receiver of the Sardinia radio telescope

Abstract A feed horn for the multifeed S-band receiver of the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) has been designed. The antenna consists of a truncated circular waveguide with four ridges of variable height inside. The horn antenna has been designed and tested using Ansys HFSS and, then, the multifeed system has been coupled with the SRT using GRASP by TICRA. The return loss of the feed horn is larger than 20 dB over a 60% bandwidth (between 2.3 and 4.3 GHz), and the edge taper and the cross-polarization level of the multifeed system meet the specifications of the SRT S-band receiver.
Hypothesis Falsification in the 2-4-6 Number Sequence Test: Introducing Imaginary Counterparts

Two main cognitive theories predict that people find refuting evidence that falsifies their theorising difficult, if not impossible to consider, even though such reasoning may be pivotal to grounding their everyday thoughts in reality (i.e., Poletiek, 1996; Klayman & Ha, 1987). In the classic 2-4-6 number sequence task devised by psychologists to test such reasoning skills in a simulated environment – people fail the test more often than not. In the 2-4-6 task participants try to discover what rule the number triple 2-4-6 conforms to. The rule is ‘ascending numbers’, but it is tricky to discover this rule. Participants tend to generate hypotheses with the properties of the 2-4-6 triple, for example, ‘even numbers ascending in twos’. They must search for evidence to test whether their hypothesis is the rule. But experimental evidence has shown that they tend to generate confirming triples that they expect to be consistent with their hypothesis rather than inconsistent falsifying triples. Counter to the two main hypothesis testing theories this paper demonstrates that falsification is possible in five 2-4-6 task experiments when participants consider an Imaginary Participant’s hypothesis. Experiment 1 and 2 show that competition with an opponent hypothesis tester facilitates falsification. Experiments 3 to 5 show that the consideration of an alternative hypothesis helps this falsification of hypotheses lead to rule discovery. The implications of the results for theories of hypothesis testing and reasoning are discussed.
Performance Aspects of Orbit Propagation using the Unified State Model

The Unified State Model is a method for expressing orbits using a set of seven elements. The elements consist of a quaternion and three parameters based on the velocity hodograph. The equations of this model and the background theory necessary to understand them have been shown here. Numerical simulations comparing the Unified State Model with the traditional Cartesian coordinates have been carried out for perturbed orbits, orbits with low-thrust propulsion, and a solar sailing trajectory. The Unified State Model outperforms Cartesian coordinates for all cases in terms of accuracy and computational speed, except for highly eccentric perturbed orbits. The performance of the Unified State Model is exceptionally better for the case of orbits with continuous low-thrust propulsion with CPU simulation time being an order of magnitude lower than for the simulation using Cartesian coordinates. This makes the Unified State Model especially suited for use in trajectory simulators and optimizers.
Involvement of Nitric Oxide and Melatonin Enhances Cadmium Resistance of Tomato Seedlings through Regulation of the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle and ROS Metabolism

Melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) act as signaling molecules that can enhance cadmium (Cd) stress resistance in plants. However, little information is available about the relationship between MT and NO during seedling growth under Cd stress. We hypothesize that NO may be involved in how MT responds to Cd stress during seedling growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship and mechanism of response. The results indicate that different concentrations of Cd inhibit the growth of tomato seedlings. Exogenous MT or NO promotes seedling growth under Cd stress, with a maximal biological response at 100 μM MT or NO. The promotive effects of MT-induced seedling growth under Cd stress are suppressed by NO scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), suggesting that NO may be involved in MT-induced seedling growth under Cd stress. MT or NO decreases the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malonaldehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG); improves the content of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG; and enhances the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbic acid reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR), ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) to alleviate oxidative damage. Moreover, the expression of genes associated with the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are up-regulated by MT or NO under Cd conditions, including AAO, AAOH, APX1, APX6, DHAR1, DHAR2, MDHAR, and GR. However, NO scavenger cPTIO reverses the positive effects regulated by MT. The results indicate that MT-mediated NO enhances Cd tolerance by regulating AsA-GSH cycle and ROS metabolism.
Trends and Obstacles to Implement Dynamic Perfusion Concepts for Clinical Liver Transplantation: Results from a Global Web-Based Survey

Background: Organ perfusion technology is increasingly used in many countries, with a focus, however, on the Western world. This study investigates the current international trends and obstacles to the broader routine implementation of dynamic perfusion concepts in liver transplantation. Methods: A web-based anonymous survey was launched in 2021. Experts of all involved specializations from 70 centers in 34 countries were contacted, based on the published literature and experience in the field of abdominal organ perfusion. Results: Overall, 143 participants from 23 countries completed the survey. Most respondents were male (67.8%) and transplant surgeons (64.3%) working at university hospitals (67.9%). The majority had experience with organ perfusion (82%), applying mainly hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP; 38%) and other concepts. While most (94.4%) expect a higher utilization of marginal organs with machine perfusion, the majority considers HMP the best technique to reduce liver discard-rates. While most respondents (90%) believed machine perfusion should be fully commissioned, the lack of funding (34%) and knowledge (16%) as well as limited staff (19%) were the three main obstacles to a routine clinical implementation. Conclusion: Although dynamic preservation concepts are increasingly used in clinical practice, significant challenges remain. Specific financial pathways, uniform regulations, and tight collaborations among involved experts are needed to achieve wider global clinical use.
Overborrowing, Underborrowing, and Macroprudential Policy

In this paper, we revisit the scope for macroprudential policy in production economies with pecuniary externalities and collateral constraints. We study competitive equilibria and constrained-efficient equilibria and examine the extent to which the gap between the two depends on the production structure and the policy instruments available to the planner. We argue that macroprudential policy is desirable regardless of whether the competitive equilibrium features more or less borrowing than the constrained-efficient equilibrium. In our quantitative analysis, macroprudential taxes on borrowing turn out to be larger when the government has access to ex-post stabilization policies.
Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Parkinsons Disease Based on Abnormal Accumulation of Alpha-Synuclein

Parkinsons disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease in which dopamine neu-rons in the substantia nigra of the brain gradually die over time. PD mainly manifests as rest-ing tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness, and ultimately the inability to control motor function and cause severe disability. It has now been shown that neuronal Lewy bodies (LBs) and the intra-synaptic aggregation of Synuclein (Syn) are hallmarks of brain lesions in PD, and Lewy body lesions have been found to be present in the peripheral nervous system in PD. Interfer-ing with LBs formation has become a new hot topic in Parkinson's disease treatment. The formation of LBs has been linked to the transport of Syn in brain cells and the blood-brain barrier. Nonetheless, treatment options still produce little effect. According to past investiga-tions, this paper addresses the question of advances in pathogenesis and treatment of Parkin-sons disease using literature review as an investigation method. It introduces the pathogene-sis and the latest treatment strategies of PD based on the aspect of abnormal accumulation of Syn, which can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent treatment of PD.
The Effect of Festulolium Silage-Based Diets on the Content of Tocopherols, β-Carotene and Retinol in Meat from Young Rams

Simple Summary A Festulolium grass is an intergeneric hybrid of fescue (Festuca L.) and ryegrass (Lolium L.) that combines the nutritional qualities and weather resistance of each. Its high nutritional value and resistance to extreme weather conditions are important considerations in the era of global climate change. Festulolium has been used as a forage crop for many years, but little information is available on the levels of biologically active compounds (β-carotene and tocopherols) in Festulolium-based diets and in the meat of animals fed such diets. The present study assessed the contents of β-carotene, retinol and tocopherols and the proximate chemical composition of meat from young rams receiving diets based on silage made from different Festulolium cultivars (Becva, Felopa, Paulita), as compared with meat from rams fed a diet based on hybrid ryegrass. The meat of animals fed Festulolium silage-based diets contained more tocopherols and retinol than the meat of sheep receiving a hybrid ryegrass-based diet. Meat from rams fed diets based on silage made from Festulolium cvs. Felopa and Paulita was characterized by the highest concentrations of tocopherols and retinol. The results of this study indicate that Festulolium silage can be a desirable component of ram diets, but its efficacy may vary across cultivars. Abstract This study analyzed the chemical composition and the β-carotene, tocopherol and retinol content of meat (musculus longissimus lumborum, musculus gluteus maximus) from young rams fed different silage-based diets. The animals were divided into four groups depending on the type of silage in the feed ration (hybrid ryegrass, Festulolium cv. Becva, Festulolium cv. Felopa, Festulolium cv. Paulita). The concentrations of the examined lipophilic compounds were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Animals fed a diet based on ryegrass silage had the highest intakes of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and total tocopherols (p < 0.01). Muscles of rams fed Festulolium silage-based diets contained more tocopherols (p < 0.01) and retinol (p < 0.01 in m. g. maximus; p = 0.053 in m. l. lumborum) than the meat of animals receiving hybrid ryegrass-based diets. The highest amounts of tocopherols (p < 0.01) and retinol (p < 0.01 in m. g. maximus; p = 0.053 in m. l. lumborum) were found in meat from rams fed rations based on silage made from Festulolium cvs. Felopa and Paulita. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between the intake of tocopherols and the α-tocopherol content of meat (r = 0.99), as well as between the β-carotene intake and the retinol content of meat (r = 0.92 in m. l. lumborum; r = 0.91 in m. g. maximus).