Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
of Phototrophy in the Phylum Driven by Horizontal Gene Transfer.

we report draft genomes of 11 Chloroﬂexi: the phototrophic Chloroﬂexia isolate Kouleothrix aurantiaca as well as 10 genome bins recovered from metagenomic sequencing of microbial mats found in Japanese hot springs. Two of these metagenome bins encode photrophic reaction centers and several of these bins form a metabolically diverse, monophyletic clade sister to the Anaerolineae class that we term Candidatus Thermofonsia. Comparisons of organismal (based on conserved ribosomal) and phototrophy (reaction center and bacteriochlorophyll synthesis) protein phylogenies throughout the Chloroﬂexi demonstrate that two new lineages acquired phototrophy independently via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from different ancestral donors within the classically phototrophic Chloroﬂexia class. These results illustrate a complex history of phototrophy within this group, with metabolic innovation tied to HGT. These observations do not support simple hypotheses for the evolution of photosynthesis that require massive character loss from many clades; rather, HGT appears to be the deﬁning mechanic for the distribution of phototrophy in many of the extant clades in which it appears.
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC FOOD HANDLERS

Cryptosporidiosis in food handlers is an important public health problem. Cryptosporidium infection is transmitted by ingestion of Cryptosporidium oocysts through consumption of a contaminated food or water. Workers in food sector can play a role in cryptosporidiosis outbreak. This study aimed to detect the existence of Cryptosporidium among asymptomatic food handlers using microscopical examination and commercially available antigen capture ELISA. Stool samples collected from asymptomatic 237 food handlers, aged from 17-50 years old and worked at different branches of food sector within Zagazig and its surrounding. Fecal samples were examined microscopically to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain (MZN) and by ELISA for detection of Cryptosporidium copro-antigen. Among 237 food handlers asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis has been detected in 10 (4.2%) by MZN, 12 (5% ) by ELISA and 13(5.5%) by both techniques. Out of 13 asymptomatic infected food handlers, three of them worked as fruits/vegetables sellers, two at restaurant, three butchers, two as fast food workers, one at Canteen, Café and two at supermarket. These findings indicate that food handlers can be a source of cryptosporidiosis infection. Thus, searching for the existence of asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis food handlers and taking the required measures in case of its determination are helpful in prevention of probable morbidity and protection of consumer health.
Solution Structure, Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, of the b30-82 Domain of Subunit b of Escherichia coli F 1 F o ATP Synthase (cid:1)

Subunit b , the peripheral stalk of bacterial F 1 F o ATP synthases, is composed of a membrane-spanning and a soluble part. The soluble part is divided into tether, dimerization, and (cid:1) -binding domains. The ﬁrst solution structure of b30-82, including the tether region and part of the dimerization domain, has been solved by nuclear magnetic resonance, revealing an (cid:2) -helix between residues 39 and 72. In the solution structure, b30-82 has a length of 48.07 Å. The surface charge distribution of b30-82 shows one side with a hydrophobic surface pattern, formed by alanine residues. Alanine residues 61, 68, 70, and 72 were replaced by single cysteines in the soluble part of subunit b , b22-156. The cysteines at positions 61, 68, and 72 showed disulﬁde formation. In contrast, no cross-link could be formed for the A70C mutant. The patterns of disulﬁde bonding, together with the circular dichroism spectroscopy data, are indicative of an adjacent arrangement of residues 61, 68, and 72 in both (cid:2) -helices in b22-156 .
(cid:2) -Cell Deficit in Obese Type 2 Diabetes, a Minor Role of (cid:2) -Cell Dedifferentiation and Degranulation

Context: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a (cid:2) -cell deficit and a progressive defect in (cid:2) -cell function. It has been proposed that the deficit in (cid:2) -cells may be due to (cid:2) -cell degranulation and transdifferentiation to other endocrine cell types. Objective: The objective of the study was to establish the potential impact of (cid:2) -cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation on (cid:2) -cell deficit in type 2 diabetes and to consider the alternative that cells with an incomplete identity may be newly forming rather than dedifferentiated. Design, Setting, and Participants: Pancreata obtained at autopsy were evaluated from 14 nondiabetic and 13 type 2 diabetic individuals, from four fetal cases, and from 10 neonatal cases. Results: Whereas there was a slight increase in islet endocrine cells expressing no hormone in type 2 diabetes (0.11 (cid:2) 0.03 cells/islet vs 0.03 (cid:2) 0.01 cells/islet, reticulum
Title : IL-27 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenic factor production in a STAT 1-dominant pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Interleukin-27 signaling is mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway via activation of STAT1 and STAT3, which have tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities, respectively. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are key processes in carcinogenesis. Although IL-27 has been shown to have potent anti-tumor activity in various cancer models, the role of IL-27 in EMT and angiogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-27 in regulating EMT and angiogenesis through modulation of the STAT pathways in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. Methods: STAT activation following IL-27 exposure was measured in human NSCLC cell lines. Expression of epithelial (E-cadherin, γ-catenin) and mesenchymal (N-cadherin, vimentin) markers were assessed by Western blot analysis. Production of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL5) were examined by ELISA. Cell motility was examined by an in vitro scratch and transwell migration assays. Selective inhibitors of STAT1 (STAT1 siRNAs) and STAT3 (Stattic) were used to determine whether both STAT1 and STAT3 are required for IL-27 mediated inhibition of EMT and secretion of angiogenic factors. Results: Our results demonstrate that IL-27 stimulation in NSCLC resulted in 1) STAT1 and STAT3 activation in a JAK-dependent manner, 2) development of epithelial phenotypes, including a decrease in the expression of a transcriptional repressor for E-cadherin (SNAIL), and mesenchymal marker (vimentin) with a reciprocal increase in the expression of epithelial markers, 3) inhibition of cell migration, and 4) reduced production of pro-angiogenic factors. STAT1 inhibition in IL-27–treated cells reversed the IL-27 effect with resultant increased expression of Snail, vimentin and the pro-angiogenic factors. The inhibition of STAT3 activation had no effect on the development of the epithelial phenotype. Conclusion: IL-27 induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition and inhibits the production of pro-angiogenic factors in a STAT1–dominant pathway. These findings highlight the importance of STAT1 in repressing lung carcinogenesis and describe a new anti-tumor mechanism of IL-27.
Inﬂuence of cysteine adsorption on the performance of CdSe quantum dots sensitized solar cells

ThesurfaceofmesoporousTiO 2 electrodeshasbeenfunctionalizedwithcysteineusingdifferentsolutions for the subsequent attachment of colloidal CdSe QDs solved in toluene. The adsorption behavior of both cysteine and CdSe QDs on the TiO 2 nanoparticles has been investigated by Attenuated Total Reﬂectance- Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy. The photoelectrochemical properties of the CdSe QDs sensitized TiO 2 electrode have been characterized by using UV–vis spectroscopy, photocurrent- potentialmeasurement,open-circuitvoltagedecay,andcyclicvoltammetry.Itisfoundthattheamountof adsorbedcysteinebecomesexcessivewhenhighlyconcentratedaqueoussolutionswereadoptedinstead of toluene solutions, leading to a blocking for the diffusion and adsorption of the CdSe QDs. This is translatedintoadecreaseoflightharvestingandshortcircuitcurrent( J sc )inthesolarcelldevices.Onthe otherhand,itissuggestedthatthelargeamountofadsorbedcysteineonthesurfaceoftheTiO 2 electrode could reduce the electron recombination at the interface between the TiO 2 electrode and the electrolyte. As a consequence, the charge transfer resistance and ﬁll factor became larger, and the electron lifetime became longer.
Computational Methods of Neutron Transport

This books presents a balanced overview of the major methods currently available for obtaining numerical solutions in neutron and gamma ray transport. It focuses on methods particularly suited to the complex problems encountered in the analysis of reactors, fusion devices, radiation shielding, and other nuclear systems. Derivations are given for each of the methods showing how the transport equation is reduced to sets of algebraic equations suitable for solution on a digital computer. The limitations of the methods and their suitability for different classes of problems are discussed in terms of computer memory, time requirements, and accuracy.
Asymptotic analysis of some spectral problems in high contrast homogenisation and in thin domains

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Wild-Type and Interleukin-10-Deﬁcient Regulatory T Cells Reduce Effector T-Cell-Mediated Gastroduodenitis in Rag2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) Mice, but Only Wild-Type Regulatory T Cells Suppress Helicobacter pylori Gastritis (cid:1)

CD4 (cid:1) CD45RB hi CD25 (cid:2) effector T cells (T E ) promote Helicobacter pylori gastritis in mice, and CD4 (cid:1) CD45RB lo CD25 (cid:1) regulatory T cells (T R ) are anti-inﬂammatory. Using adoptive transfer into H . pylori -infected Rag2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice, we evaluated effects of wild-type (wt) C57BL/6 or congenic interleukin-10-deﬁcient (IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) ) T R cells on gastritis, gastric cytokines, and H . pylori colonization. Infected Rag2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice colonized in the corpus and antrum with 10 5 to 10 6 H . pylori CFU/gram without associated gastritis. T E cell transfer caused morbidity and an H . pylori -independent pangastritis and duodenitis (gastroduodenitis) associated with increased expression of gamma interferon (IFN- (cid:3) ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha. T E cell transfer to H . pylori -infected mice led to additive corpus gastritis associated with inﬂammatory cytokine expression and reduced colonization. wt T R cells reduced morbidity, H. pylori corpus gastritis, gastroduodenitis, and inﬂam- matory cytokine expression and reversed the decline in H. pylori colonization attributable to T E cells. Although less effective than wt T R cells, IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells also reduced morbidity and gastroduodenitis but did not reduce H. pylori corpus gastritis or impact T E cell inhibition of colonization. Gastric tissues from mice receiving wt T R cells expressed higher levels of Foxp3 compared to recipients of IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells, consistent with lower regulatory activity of IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells. These results demonstrate that wt T R cells suppressed T E -cell-mediated H. pylori -independent gastroduodenitis and H. pylori -dependent corpus gastritis more effectively than IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells. Compartmental differences in T E -cell- and H. pylori -mediated inﬂammation and in regulatory effects between wt T R and IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells suggest that IL-10 expression by wt T R cells is important to regulatory suppression of gastric inﬂammation. TNF- (cid:4) expression levels were similar irrespective of H. pylori infection status. This Th1-predominant response was suppressed by both wt and IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells, but reductions in proinﬂammatory cytokine levels were greatest in recipients of wt T R cells. Gastric tissues from mice receiving wt T R cells expressed higher levels of Foxp3 than recipients of IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells, consistent with lower regulatory activity of IL-10 (cid:2) / (cid:2) T R cells. These results suggest compartmental differences in T E -cell- and H. pylori -mediated gastritis and indicate that IL-10 expression by wt T R cells is important to regulatory suppression of gastric inﬂammation.
The effect of acquired company EBITDA on the deal value within M&A context

This thesis examines the impact of the valuation multiple ‘earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization’ (EBITDA) on the ‘merger and acquisition’ (M&A) activity and deal value. For small firms, mergers are primarily an exit strategy for firms in financial trouble, as indicated by few marketed products and low cash-sales ratios. Meanwhile, mergers and acquisitions for large drug makers is a way to leverage their sales networks and benefit from monopolies from patents. The paper analyses the impact size of EBITDA, assuming it is positive and smaller than 8% of the deal value. This thesis examines 46 cases within European Union for a period of 10 years between 2009 to 2018. The conclusion reached is that EBITDA valuation multiple has a significant negative impact on the purchase price but with little effect in the pharmaceutical industry as the focus is always put on the operational synergies that the target’s assets can bring compared to its earnings and sale prowess.
Ultrafine Particulate Pollution Exposure during the School Commute: GIS-Based Modelling techniques for Estimating Dosage and Examining Environmental Inequality

This research is broadly divided into experiments focusing on two primary objectives: (1) To develop modelling techniques for examining ultrafine particulate (UFP) dosage in the walk-to-school commute, and (2) use these models to examine spatial patterns in dosage from an environmental inequality perspective. The first objective was met through development of a GISbased modelling workflow which yielded estimates of commute dosage that account for variations in ambient concentration, walking speed, and ventilation rate within a single commute route. The second objective was met by applying these models to estimate commute related UFP dosage across an entire population and conducting analysis within a standard environmental inequality framework combining spatial regression and cluster mapping. We identified associations and patterns of exposure-burdening on vulnerable population groups, which indicate evidence of UFP dosage disparities. However, a divergence from those found in the literature suggests a need for further research to validate these outcomes.
The Nudge Puzzle

Nudging is a promising approach, in terms of influencing people to make advisable choices in a range of domains, including cybersecurity. However, the processes underlying the concept and the nudge’s effectiveness in different contexts, and in the long term, are still poorly understood. Our research thus first reviewed the nudge concept and differentiated it from other interventions before applying it to the cybersecurity area. We then carried out an empirical study to assess the effectiveness of three different nudge-related interventions on four types of cybersecurity-specific decisions. Our study demonstrated that the combination of a simple nudge and information provision, termed a “hybrid nudge,” was at least as, and in some decision contexts even more effective in encouraging secure choices as the simple nudge on its own. This indicates that the inclusion of information when deploying a nudge, thereby increasing the intervention’s transparency, does not necessarily diminish its effectiveness. A follow-up study explored the educational and long-term impact of our tested nudge interventions to encourage secure choices. The results indicate that the impact of the initial nudges, of all kinds, did not endure. We conclude by discussing our findings and their implications for research and practice.
C OMPLETELY R ANDOMIZED B LOCK D ESIGN FOR A SSESSMENT OF THE G ENDER AND P ERSONALITY E FFECT ON R EADING C OMPREHENSION A BILITY

The objectives of the current study were to analyze the following problems: First, to determine if there was any significant difference between male and female engineering students’ reading comprehension; and second, whether there was any significant difference in engineering students’ reading comprehension ability among different types of personalities. The participants comprised 190 engineering students at Sumatra Institute of Technology, South Lampung Indonesia, taking English for Specific Purposes. The data were collected through an experiment, where the design experiment used in this study was Completely Randomized Block Design, in which the departments were considered blocks. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and the results showed there was no difference in students’ RC ability between genders; but there were significant differences in their RC ability across different types of personalities. Block Design, Reading Comprehension, English Specific Purposes,
eddy in

After reading this manuscript, I cannot formulate specific outstanding features of this work. First, it is well known that oceanic kinetic energy is dominated by eddies, on average by a factor of 150. I think, it would be outstanding to show/calculate kinetic energy of eddies in the BG region. Some useful information about this is available in Zhao et al, 2015, 2016, 2018 but it is not used in this paper. In the paper, I found only speculation that reduction of APE is mainly associated with generation of eddies. On the other hand, the kinetic energy of eddies is not estimated and processes of eddy dissipation and transport of water properties in the BG are not well understood and studied. Secondly, all methods/algorithms of calculations were recently published and many results discussed (Giles et al., 2012; Dewey et al., 2018; Meneghello et al., 2017, 2018; Zhong et al., 2018). This is well outlined in this manuscript.
Cardiac Excitation and Contraction Remodeling of repolarization and arrhythmia susceptibility in a myosin-binding protein C knockout mouse model

SR. Remodeling of repolarization and arrhythmia susceptibility in a myosin-binding protein C knockout mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 313: H620–H630, 2017. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00167. 2017. —Hyper-trophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common genetic cardiac diseases and among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young. The cellular mechanisms leading to SCD in HCM are not well known. Prolongation of the action potential (AP) duration (APD) is a common feature predisposing hypertrophied hearts to SCD. Previous studies have explored the roles of inward Na (cid:2) and Ca 2 (cid:2) in the development of HCM, but the role of repolarizing K (cid:2) currents has not been deﬁned. The objective of this study was to characterize the arrhythmogenic phenotype and cellular electrophysiological properties of mice with HCM, induced by myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC) knockout (KO), and to test the hypothesis that remodeling of repolarizing K (cid:2) currents causes APD prolongation in MyBPC KO myocytes. We demonstrated that MyBPC KO mice developed severe hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Telemetric electrocardiographic recordings of awake mice revealed prolongation of the corrected QT interval in the KO compared with WT control mice, with overt ventricular arrhythmias. Whole cell current- and voltage-clamp experiments com-paring KO with WT mice demonstrated ventricular myocyte hypertrophy, AP prolongation, and decreased repolarizing K (cid:2) currents. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed decreased mRNA levels of several key K (cid:2) channel subunits. In conclusion, decrease in repolarizing K (cid:2) currents in MyBPC KO ventricular myocytes contributes to AP and corrected QT interval prolongation and could account for the arrhythmia susceptibility. NEW Ventricular myocytes isolated from the myosin-binding protein C knockout hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse model demonstrate decreased repolarizing K (cid:2) currents and action potential and QT interval prolongation, linking cellular repolarization abnormalities with arrhythmia susceptibility and the risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Bayesian Estimation of Capital Stock and Depreciation in the Production Function Framework

We propose a Bayesian approach to estimating productive capital stocks and depreciation rates within the production function framework, using annual data on output, employment and investment only. Productive capital stock is a concept related to the input of capital services to production, in contrast to the more common net capital stock estimates, representing market value of ﬁxed assets. We formulate a full Bayesian model and employ it in a series of illustrative empirical examples. We ﬁnd that parameters of our model, from which the time-path of capital is derived, are weakly identiﬁed with the data at hand. Nevertheless, estimation is feasible with the use of prior information on the production function parameters and the characteristics of productivity growth. We show how precision of the estimates can be improved by augmenting the model with an equation for the rate of return.
Effect of Age, Sex and Physiological Stages on Heamatological Indices of Mehsana Goat (Capra hircus) -

A study was conducted to determine the physiological baseline values for hematological indices of Mehsana goat (Capra hircus) as well as to assess their alteration due to age, sex and physiological stages. A total of 42 clinically healthy Mehsana goats were divided into seven groups with 6 number of animal per group: T 1 (male kids <1 year), T 2 (bucks >1 year), T 3 (female kids <1 year), T 4 (pregnant lactating does), T 5 (non-pregnant lactating does), T 6 (pregnant dry does), and T 7 (non-pregnant dry does). Blood samples were collected aseptically from all the experimental groups. The values for Hb concentration, MCV, MCH and TLC were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher in bucks than male kids; while, MCHC and PLT count were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in does than female kids. Lymphocyte and PLT count were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in bucks than female kids. Further, neutrophil count was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in does than male kids. The results of the present study demonstrate the normal haematological indices of Mehsana goat at different physiological stages. Present results stated some significant variation of parameters among groups whereas some shows no significant variation at all.