Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“I feel happy when I surf because it takes stress from my mind”: An Initial Exploration of Program Theory within Waves for Change Surf Therapy in Post-Conflict Liberia

Surf therapy is a novel form of sport for development (SFD) intervention being utilized to support well-being within post-conflict settings. There is currently little research exploring surf therapy program theory in SFD contexts. Theoretical exploration is important for optimization, monitoring, and further expansion of service delivery. This research utilized pragmatic qualitative methods to explore participant-perceived impacts and outcomes within the Waves for Change (W4C) surf therapy intervention, as implemented in Harper, Liberia, that aims to support youth well-being. Twenty-three past W4C participants (17 males and 6 females, mean age = 15.8 years, SD = 3.6 years, range 11-25 years) took part in semistructured interviews about their experiences of surf therapy. Data were analyzed through constant comparative analysis. Six impacts and outcomes were identified within three intervention domains: Social, Skills Curriculum/Bananas Culture, and Surfing. The findings highlight sport as an adaptable vehicle for improving well-being and skills within successful intervention delivery while providing a foundation for further in-depth exploration of program theory. Furthermore, the findings provide empirical evidence on how to optimize and proliferate surf therapy within other post-conflict settings. The findings also provide transferable conclusions for the improvement of SFD more generally. INTRODUCTION The direct and indirect consequences of armed conflict such as civil war have been linked to higher mental disorder prevalence among conflict-exposed youth (Attanayake et al., 2009). These mental challenges are intergenerational by nature, leading to long-term negative mental health propagated within family dynamics (Betancourt et al., 2015). Between 1989 and 2004, the West African country of Liberia experienced devastating civil war defined by widespread human rights abuses and collapsing infrastructure. The country continues to experience a range of post-conflict challenges and human rights abuse such as gender-based violence, ritualistic killing, economic inequality, and civil unrest (United Nations, 2016). Negative mental health and poor well-being is prevalent in children (under the age of 14) and youth (15-24) in Liberia within the context of complete collapse of protective communal, family, and social structures (Borba et al., 2016). To start addressing these challenges, priority areas for at-risk Liberian youth have been identified including counselling, skills training, community reintegration, and recreation (Levey et al., 2013). Aligned with these priority areas is the Waves for Change (W4C) surf therapy intervention. W4C aims to combine surfing, mentoring, and social support to improve the well-being of at-risk youth in Liberia. The W4C intervention in Liberia is an example of sport for development (SFD) within a post-conflict setting. SFD is an
International Journal of Instruction

Students who are self-regulated leaners have been reported to perform more successfully in higher education institutions (HEIs). Therefore, instruments that can monitor students’ motivation and learning have been devised and implemented. The aims of this work were to investigate the dimensionality of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ) and compare the validation of the three competing models. Three competing measurement models (1-factor, 2-factor, and second-order factor) were selected as candidates. To reveal which model explained the original MSLQ most effectively and meaningfully, the original 15 indicators and 81 items were used, for which data was gathered from 945 participating engineering students in Thailand. The results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that all three of the competing models fitted the data quite well, as all standardized factor loadings of these models were statistically significant. It appeared that two-factor and second-order factor models yielded a better overall fit to the data in comparison to one-factor model. These results confirmed that the original MSLQ is a reliable and valid measurement instrument, particularly the second-order factor model, which was the best model.
International Journal of Instruction

Citation: Roca-Hurtuna, M. , Martinez-Rico, G. , Sanz, R. & Alguacil, M. (2021). Attitudes and Work Expectations of University Students towards Disability: Implementation of a Training Programme. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021. 1421a Article submission code: 20200303102424 Received: 03/03/2020 Revision: 19/08/2020 Accepted: 11/09/2020 OnlineFirst: 03/01/2021
International Journal of Instruction

Citation: Srikongchan, W. , Kaewkuekool, S. & Mejaleurn, S. (2021). Backward Instructional Design based Learning Activities to Developing Students’ Creative Thinking with Lateral Thinking Technique. International Journal of Instruction, 14(2), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021. 14214a Article submission code: 20190731081114 Received: 31/07/2019 Revision: 08/09/2020 Accepted: 01/10/2020 OnlineFirst:21/01/2020
Diatom flora in Mediterranean intermittent streams : serious threat for endangered species 25 26

36 37 In the context of global environmental changes, Mediterranean rivers are considered highly endangered. Temporal and 38 spatial increases of the dry stretches during the summer lead to the loss of river tridimensional connectivity, which 39 represents a major threat for freshwater biodiversity. 40 In this study, we aimed at exploring the response of diatom communities to summer droughts by analyzing taxonomical 41 composition, specific ecological requirements, ecological guilds and percentages of endangered species. The evolution 42 of diatom communities was monitored under both intermediate and intermittent flows, with traditional and innovative 43 sampling procedures, i.e. collecting diatoms from transects and microhabitats, respectively. Microhabitats differed in 44 terms of water velocity, substrate, isolation and presence of macrophytes. 45 Diatom flora was mainly composed of β-mesasoprobous taxa. We highlighted an increase of species considered as 46 aerophilous and planktonic in sites characterized by intermittent flow. In general, ecological guilds did not respond to 47 hydrological disturbance as expected. Statistical models identified the maintenance of a minimum of 0.20 m/s flow 48 velocity as the main factor influencing the abundance of endangered species. Conversely, flow instability, lentification 49 and habitat fragmentation represented the major threats for endangered species. 50 In conclusion, diatoms can provide useful information to improve river management practices when faced with an 51 increasing water scarcity scenario. Water stability and river habitat heterogeneity strongly favor the presence of 52 endangered diatom species. In the absence of these conditions, isolated pools surrounded by dry riverbed are very 53 important habitats to be preserved, representing the only refugia for benthic diatom communities during summer. 54 55 3
International Journal of Instruction

This study aimed to examine students’ responses towards teachers' creativity. It also evaluates the teaching effectiveness of secondary school mathematics teachers that had attended a year blended professional training program. A sample of 1000 students from various secondary schools was randomly assigned to rate 100 mathematics teachers. This was conducted using mathematics teachers teaching creativity scale (MT-CTS) and mathematics teachers teaching effectiveness scale (MT-TES). Furthermore, this research employed a validated and reliable five-point Likert scale of MT-CTS and MT-TES (1 = totally disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = partially agree, 4 = agree and 5 = totally agree). After administering the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed a positive relationship between blended professional training on Mathematics teachers’ creativity and their teaching effectiveness. The most dominant indicators of teaching creativity (confidence, teaching style & overcoming barriers) and effectiveness (opportunity for practice, cognitive aspects) were comprehensively elaborated. This study reveals its novelty in terms of students’ emotional aspect, which resulted from the intensive cognitive tasks. Furthermore, it did not differentiate teachers' creativity and effectiveness before and after the blended training. Consequently, an experimental study is recommended to address this issue.
Demographic and Mental Health Assessments in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Updates and Longitudinal Trajectories

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study of 11,880 youth incorporates a comprehensive range of measures assessing predictors and outcomes related to mental health across childhood and adolescence in participating youth, as well as information about family mental health history. We have previously described the logic and content of the mental health assessment battery at Baseline and Year 1. Here, we describe changes to that battery and issues and clarifications that have emerged, as well as additions to the mental health battery at the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-ups. We capitalize on the recent release of longitudinal data for caregiver and youth report of mental health data to evaluate trajectories of dimensions of psychopathology as a function of demographic factors. For both caregiver and self-reported mental health symptoms, males showed age-related decreases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while females showed an increase in internalizing symptoms with age. Multiple indicators of socioeconomic status (caregiver education, family income, financial adversity, neighborhood poverty) accounted for unique variance in both caregiver and youth-reported externalizing and internalizing symptoms. These data highlight the importance of examining developmental trajectories of mental health as a function of key factors such as sex and socioeconomic environment.
Noradrenergic deficits contribute to apathy in Parkinson’s disease through the precision of expected outcomes

Apathy is a debilitating feature of many diseases, including Parkinson's disease. We tested the hypothesis that degeneration of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system contributes to apathy by modulating the relative weighting of prior beliefs about action outcomes. Participants with mild-to-moderate idiopathic Parkinson's disease (N=17) completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with 40 mg of the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine. Prior weighting was inferred from psychophysical analysis of performance in an effort-based visuomotor task, and was confirmed as negatively correlated with apathy. Locus coeruleus integrity was assessed in vivo using magnetisation transfer imaging at 7T. The effect of atomoxetine depended on locus coeruleus integrity: participants with a more degenerate locus coeruleus showed a greater increase in prior weighting on atomoxetine versus placebo. The results indicate a contribution of the noradrenergic system to apathy and potential benefit from noradrenergic treatment of people with Parkinson's disease, subject to stratification according to locus coeruleus integrity.
International Journal of Instruction

This study focuses on recent research into test-taking strategies used by respondents in tests of receptive skills (reading and listening) in English as a second language, aiming to examine different aspects of the research. The existing research is predominantly quantitative in design; qualitative methods play a complementary role. Studies into strategies used in reading tests significantly outnumber those concerned with strategies employed in listening tests. A number of studies investigate similar general topics, such as the types of strategies used, the use of test-taking strategies in relation to language proficiency of the respondents, and the effectiveness of strategy use. New directions of research also appear, such as the investigation into the particular order of groups of strategies used in a specific situation, i.e. test items progressively increasing in difficulty. Practical application of research is taken into account in the studies, encompassing test validation, item-type susceptibility to test-wiseness and subsequent recommendations related to its use in test, or suggestions related to test-taking strategy instruction.
International Journal of Instruction

The present study aimed to investigate the level and correlation of school happiness and teacher autonomy among a sample of Jordanian teachers. The study sample consisted of 1,030 teachers within the Jerash and Mafraq Directorate of Education, with data collected using the School Happiness Scale(SHS) and Teacher Autonomous Behavior Scale(TABS). Results study showed a positive and statistically significant correlation between school happiness and teacher autonomy. Results also showed there were statistically significant differences in the level of school happiness by gender, in favor of female teachers; statistically significant differences in the level of school happiness by school level, in favor of secondary school teachers; and statistically significant differences in the level of school happiness by teacher tenure, in favor of teachers with one to five years of experience. Finally, results also showed statistically significant differences in the level of teacher autonomy attributed to gender, in favor of female teachers; no statistically significant differences in the level of teacher autonomy by school level; and statistically significant differences in the level of teacher autonomy by teacher tenure, in favor of teachers with one to five and six to ten years of experience.
Ginsenoside Re Protects against Serotonergic Behaviors Evoked by 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine in Mice via Inhibition of PKCδ-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction

It has been recognized that serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine (DOI) impairs serotonergic homeostasis. However, the mechanism of DOI-induced serotonergic behaviors remains to be explored. Moreover, little is known about therapeutic interventions against serotonin syndrome, although evidence suggests that ginseng might possess modulating effects on the serotonin system. As ginsenoside Re (GRe) is well-known as a novel antioxidant in the nervous system, we investigated whether GRe modulates 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI-induced serotonin impairments. We proposed that protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) mediates serotonergic impairments. Treatment with GRe or 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL11939 significantly attenuated DOI-induced serotonergic behaviors (i.e., overall serotonergic syndrome behaviors, head twitch response, hyperthermia) by inhibiting mitochondrial translocation of PKCδ, reducing mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitochondrial oxidative stress in wild-type mice. These attenuations were in line with those observed upon PKCδ inhibition (i.e., pharmacologic inhibitor rottlerin or PKCδ knockout mice). Furthermore, GRe was not further implicated in attenuation mediated by PKCδ knockout in mice. Our results suggest that PKCδ is a therapeutic target for GRe against serotonergic behaviors induced by DOI.
International Journal of Instruction

The paper is basically a meta-analysis of the topic indicated in the title. It expounds the notion of context as an integral component in the process of teaching communication. In making an attempt to comprehend and subsequently produce a message, inevitably, it is the cohesive grasp of context that determines the rate of success in attempts to organize and sketch the process of communication one is about to take part in. Taking into account the theories offered by Cummins (1984b/2008), as well as the critical analysis offered by Baker (1996) and Song (2010), this paper indicates both the function context performs in the process of interaction organization and the position it is usually ascribed in FL education. Finally, an attempt to analyse, explain and briefly summarize the importance of appropriate FL teaching methods and presentation of context to foreign language learners is discussed.
Attention over Learned Object Embeddings Enables Complex Visual Reasoning

Neural networks have achieved success in a wide array of perceptual tasks but often fail at tasks involving both perception and higher-level reasoning. On these more challenging tasks, bespoke approaches (such as modular symbolic components, independent dynamics models or semantic parsers) targeted towards that specific type of task have typically performed better. The downside to these targeted approaches, however, is that they can be more brittle than general-purpose neural networks, requiring significant modification or even redesign according to the particular task at hand. Here, we propose a more general neural-network-based approach to dynamic visual reasoning problems that obtains state-of-the-art performance on three different domains, in each case outperforming bespoke modular approaches tailored specifically to the task. Our method relies on learned object-centric representations, self-attention and self-supervised dynamics learning, and all three elements together are required for strong performance to emerge. The success of this combination suggests that there may be no need to trade off flexibility for performance on problems involving spatio-temporal or causal-style reasoning. With the right soft biases and learning objectives in a neural network we may be able to attain the best of both worlds.
A nonBayesian view of Hempel's paradox of the ravens

In Hempel’s paradox of the ravens, seeing a red pencil is considered as supporting evidence that all ravens are black. Also known as the Paradox of Confirmation, the paradox and its many resolutions indicate that we cannot underestimate the logical and statistical elements needed in the assessment of evidence in support of a hypothesis. Most of the previous analyses of the paradox are within the Bayesian framework. These analyses and Hempel himself generally accept the paradoxical conclusion; it feels paradoxical supposedly because the amount of evidence is extremely small. Here I describe a nonBayesian analysis of various statistical models with an accompanying likelihood-based reasoning. The analysis shows that the paradox feels paradoxical because there are natural models where observing a red pencil has no relevance to the color of ravens. In general the value of the evidence depends crucially on the sampling scheme and on the assumption about the underlying parameters of the relevant model.
Disformal map and Petrov classification in modified gravity

Disformal transformation provides a map relating different scalar-tensor and vector-tensor theories and gives access to a powerful solution-generating method in modified gravity. In view of the vast family of new solutions one can achieve, it is crucial to design suitable tools to guide their construction. In this work, we address this question by revisiting the Petrov classification of disformally constructed solutions in modified gravity theories. We provide close formulas which relate the principal nulls directions as well as the Weyl scalars before and after the disformal transformation. These formulas allow one to capture if and how the Petrov type of a given seed geometry changes under a disformal transformation. Finally, we apply our general setup to three relevant disformally constructed solutions for which the seeds are respectively homogeneous and isotropic, static spherically symmetric and stationary axisymmetric. For the first two cases, we show that the Petrov type O and Petrov type D remain unchanged after a disformal transformation while we show that disformed Kerr black hole is no longer of type D but of general Petrov type I. The results presented in this work should serve as a new toolkit when constructing and comparing new disformal solutions in modified gravity.
Exploiting Single-Channel Speech for Multi-Channel End-to-End Speech Recognition: A Comparative Study

Recently, the end-to-end training approach for multi-channel ASR has shown its effectiveness, which usually consists of a beamforming front-end and a recognition back-end. However, the end-to-end training becomes more difficult due to the integration of multiple modules, particularly considering that multichannel speech data recorded in real environments are limited in size. This raises the demand to exploit the single-channel data for multi-channel end-to-end ASR. In this paper, we systematically compare the performance of three schemes to exploit external single-channel data for multi-channel end-to-end ASR, namely back-end pre-training, data scheduling, and data simulation, under different settings such as the sizes of the single-channel data and the choices of the front-end. Extensive experiments on CHiME-4 and AISHELL-4 datasets demonstrate that while all three methods improve the multi-channel end-to-end speech recognition performance, data simulation outperforms the other two, at the cost of longer training time. Data scheduling outperforms back-end pre-training marginally but nearly consistently, presumably because in the pre-training stage, the back-end tends to overfit on the single-channel data, especially when the single-channel data size is small.
LightFuse: Lightweight CNN based Dual-exposure Fusion

—Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have aided high dynamic range (HDR) imaging recently and have received a lot of attention. The quality of DCNN-generated HDR images has overperformed the traditional counterparts. However, DCNNs are prone to be computationally intensive and power- hungry, and hence cannot be implemented on various embedded computing platforms with limited power and hardware resources. Embedded systems have a huge market, and utilizing DCNNs’ powerful functionality into them will further reduce human intervention. To address the challenge, we propose LightFuse , a lightweight CNN-based algorithm for extreme dual-exposure image fusion, which achieves better functionality than a conventional DCNN and can be deployed in embedded systems. Two sub-networks are utilized: a GlobalNet ( G ) and a DetailNet ( D ). The goal of G is to learn the global illumination information on the spatial dimension, whereas D aims to enhance local details on the channel dimension. Both G and D are based solely on depthwise convolution ( D Conv ) and pointwise convolution ( P Conv ) to reduce required parameters and computations. Experimental results show that this proposed technique could generate HDR images in extremely exposed regions with sufﬁcient details to be legible. Our model outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) score by 0.9 to 8.7 while achieving 16.7 to 306.2 times parameter reduction 1 .