Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment Response Score to Glatiramer Acetate or Interferon Beta-1a

Objective To compare the effectiveness of glatiramer acetate (GA) vs intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IFN-β-1a), we applied a previously published statistical method aimed at identifying patients' profiles associated with efficacy of treatments. Methods Data from 2 independent multiple sclerosis datasets, a randomized study (the Combination Therapy in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [CombiRx] trial, evaluating GA vs IFN-β-1a) and an observational cohort extracted from MSBase, were used to build and validate a treatment response score, regressing annualized relapse rates (ARRs) on a set of baseline predictors. Results The overall ARR ratio of GA to IFN-β-1a in the CombiRx trial was 0.72. The response score (made up of a linear combination of age, sex, relapses in the previous year, disease duration, and Expanded Disability Status Scale score) detected differential response of GA vs IFN-β-1a: in the trial, patients with the largest benefit from GA vs IFN-β-1a (lower score quartile) had an ARR ratio of 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25–0.63), those in the 2 middle quartiles of 0.90 (95% CI 0.61–1.34), and those in the upper quartile of 1.14 (95% CI 0.59–2.18) (heterogeneity p = 0.012); this result was validated on MSBase, with the corresponding ARR ratios of 0.58 (95% CI 0.46–0.72), 0.92 (95% CI 0.77–1.09,) and 1.29 (95% CI 0.97–1.71); heterogeneity p < 0.0001). Conclusions We demonstrate the possibility of a criterion, based on patients' characteristics, to choose whether to treat with GA or IFN-β-1a. This result, replicated on an independent real-life cohort, may have implications for clinical decisions in everyday clinical practice.
Revision of the Australian wolf spider genus Anomalosa Roewer, 1960 (Araneae: Lycosidae)

The wolf spider genus Anomalosa Roewer, 1960 is revised with Anomalosa kochi (Simon, 1898) as type species. Anomalosa includes a further Australian species, A. oz sp. nov. Representatives of Anomalosa are small, elongated lycosids with a longitudinal light median band on the dorsal shield of the prosoma and on the opisthosoma, the latter being particularly distinct in males. They are closely related to Venonia Thorell, 1894. Similar to Venonia, males have a bipartite prolateral tegular lobe on the pedipalp, but it is much larger than in Venonia and, in contrast to Venonia, larger than the membranous tegular apophysis. Anomalosa kochi has only been found in Queensland, whereas the distribution of A. oz sp. nov. includes New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. This allopatric distribution coincides with the McPherson Range as a biogeographical border. Although most males and females of Anomalosa have been caught in pitfall traps or running freely in moderately moist habitats, such as near creeks and dams, there is evidence that representatives of this genus build sheet-webs similar to Venonia. This behaviour is supported by morphological evidence as species of Anomalosa have elongated posterior spinnerets. The original description of A. harishi (Dyal, 1935) from Panjab, India, does not match the diagnosis of Anomalosa. Consequently, I reject the inclusion of A. harishi in Anomalosa and re-transfer it to its original genus Anomalomma Simon, 1890, Anomalomma harishi Dyal, 1935, pending a systematic revision of this genus.
Effects of Deoxynivalenol-Contaminated Diets on Productive, Morphological, and Physiological Indicators in Broiler Chickens

Simple Summary The presence of mycotoxins in feed is a really significant problem worldwide; it leads to adverse effects on animals and great economic losses, especially in the monogastric industry. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of these mycotoxins that contaminates poultry feed and consequently has negative effects on this specie. Different concentrations of DON (5 and 15 mg/kg feed) were tested in broiler chickens. Results showed that high levels could adversely affect productive and welfare parameters; however, organ weights, morphological intestine indicators, and biochemical parameters were affected at low and high level of dietary DON. In general, even the low level of DON (5 mg/kg), which is the guidance level in complete poultry feed could affect the physiological status of birds. Abstract The present study with 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) was conducted to evaluate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) at different levels (5 and 15 mg/kg feed) on growth performance, relative weight of organs, morphology of the small intestine, serum biochemistry, and welfare parameters of broiler chickens. Forty-five broiler chicks were randomly divided into three different experimental groups with five replicates each: (1) control group received a non-contaminated diet, (2) contaminated diet with 5 mg DON/kg of feed, and (3) contaminated diet with 15 mg DON/kg of feed for 42 days. Results showed that feed artificially contaminated with DON at guidance level (5 mg/kg diet) did not affect growth performance parameters. However, 15 mg/kg reduced body weight gain and altered feed efficiency. DON at two assayed levels significantly increased the absolute and relative weight of thymus and the relative weight of gizzard and decreased the absolute and the relative weight of the colon. Compared to controls, both doses affected small intestine morphometry parameters. In terms of biochemical indicators, DON at 5 mg/kg reduced the creatine kinase level and at 15 mg/kg DON reduced the cholesterol level. Furthermore, DON at 15 mg/kg induced more fear in broilers compared to broilers fed the guidance level. It was concluded that even the guidance level of DON did not affect the chickens’ performance. However, its toxic effect occurred in some organs and biochemical parameters.
Evaluation of the Special Olympics Team Wellness health promotion program for individuals with intellectual disabilities

Introduction: Individuals with intellectual disabilities are a known health disparities group. The Team Wellness (TW) health promotion program was developed to provide healthy lifestyle information to target this population. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative program evaluation on Team Wellness. Methods: Interviews were conducted via one-on-one format with program coaches (n = 4, mean age = 25, female = 2, male = 2) and focus group with program athletes (n = 6, mean age = 45, female = 4, male = 2) who completed the TW program. Results: Themes that emerged included: (1) Program Perceptions; (2) TW Support; and (3) Program Feedback. Program perceptions were positive and continued athlete participation was anticipated. Coaches felt prepared to facilitate based on previous experience though program fidelity varied. Conclusion: Study participants enjoyed TW and identified valuable recommendations. Program fidelity and marketing efforts are important for future consideration. Further quantitative assessment is needed to determine the effectiveness the program.
Live Imaging of Phosphate Levels in Arabidopsis Root Cells Expressing a FRET-Based Phosphate Sensor

Phosphorous (P) is an essential macronutrient in all organisms serving various fundamental biological processes, and is one of the least available plant nutrients in the soil. The application of inorganic phosphate (Pi) fertilizers is frequent, but it has a high environmental and financial cost. Breeding crops for improved Pi use-efficiency is a promising plant-based solution to pursue a reduction of fertilizer dependency. Availability of tools for monitoring changes of plant cellular Pi concentration in real-time can contribute to advancing knowledge on the molecular basis of Pi transport and homeostasis in plants. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors have provided new insight on cellular processes. Here, we show that two Pi Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based sensors from the FLIPPi family, the low-affinity FLIPPi-30m and the high-affinity FLIPPi-4µ, can be expressed and analyzed in Arabidopsis thaliana with wild-type background. These FLIPPi sensors had not been tested in plants, but only in mammalian cell lines. We show FRET response and live imaging of Pi levels in seedling roots of Arabidopsis FLIPPi-30m and FLIPPi-4µ lines. Our results reinforce that sensors from the FLIPPi family are valuable tools for studying mechanisms of Pi transport and homeostasis in plants, and for research towards a more sustainable use of Pi fertilization.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF INDIAN SALMON (ELEUTHERONEMA TETRADACTYLUM) PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES

Objective: The main aim of the present research was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Indian salmon ( Eleutheronema tetradactylum ) protein hydrolysates by pepsin and trypsin enzyme using In vitro gastrointestinal digestion procedure. Methods: Indian salmon protein hydrolysates (ISPH) were fractionated to obtain fraction I (FI), fraction II (FII) and fraction III (FIII) of peptides with different molecular weights (MW). Further, the antioxidant activity of ISPHs was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging, metal chelating, reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays. Moreover, In vitro antiproliferative activity of ISPHs was assessed against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7. The amino acid contents of the bioactive peptides were also determined to find the correlation between the activity of peptides and their amino acid contents. Results: All bioactive peptides showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. The highest antioxidant activity was measured in FII which was able to quench higher levels of free radicals. In the measurement of the antiproliferative capacity of peptides, they revealed nearly similar activities at low concentration. However, the cytotoxicity of peptides was significantly increased at the high dose in which only 43.9±1.8% to 65.7±1.6% cell proliferation occurred. The results showed an absence of correlation between MW and activity of peptides since the most potent bioactive peptides in our study had MWs of 1 to 3 kDa. However, hydrophobicity and presence of special amino acids like arginine and histidine is affected the activity of peptides. Conclusion: Consequently, Indian salmon protein hydrolysates were identified as good sources of antioxidant and antiproliferative peptides which could confer both nutritional and functional properties in the food industry. Keywords: Indian salmon, Protein hydrolysates, Antioxidant, Antiproliferative, Amino acid
Safety and efficacy of single cycle induction treatment with cisplatin/docetaxel/ durvalumab/tremelimumab in locally advanced HNSCC: first results of CheckRad-CD8

Background To determine safety and efficacy of single cycle induction treatment with cisplatin/docetaxel and durvalumab/tremelimumab in stage III-IVB head and neck cancer. Methods Patients received a single cycle of cisplatin 30 mg/m² on days 1–3 and docetaxel 75 mg/m² on day 1 combined with durvalumab 1500 mg fix dose on day 5 and tremelimumab 75 mg fix dose on day 5. Patients with pathologic complete response (pCR) in the rebiopsy after induction treatment or at least 20% increase of intratumoral CD8+ cell density in the rebiopsy compared with baseline entered radioimmunotherapy with concomitant durvalumab/tremelimumab. The objective of this interim analysis was to analyze safety and efficacy of the chemoimmunotherapy-induction treatment before radioimmunotherapy. Results A total of 57 patients were enrolled, 56 were treated. Median pretreatment intratumoral CD8+ cell density was 342 cells/mm². After induction treatment, 27 patients (48%) had a pCR in the rebiopsy and further 25 patients (45%) had a relevant increase of intratumoral CD8+ cells (median increase by a factor of 3.0). Adverse event (AE) grade 3–4 appeared in 38 patients (68%) and mainly consisted of leukopenia (43%) and infections (29%). Six patients (11%) developed grade 3–4 immune-related AE. Univariate analysis computed p16 positivity, programmed death ligand 1 immune cell area and intratumoral CD8+ cell density as predictors of pCR. On multivariable analysis, intratumoral CD8+ cell density predicted pCR independently (OR 1.0012 per cell/mm², 95% CI 1.0001 to 1.0022, p=0.016). In peripheral blood CD8+ cells, the coexpression of programmed death protein 1 significantly increased especially in patients with pCR. Conclusions Single cycle induction treatment with cisplatin/docetaxel and durvalumab/tremelimumab is feasible and achieves a high biopsy-proven pCR rate.
The Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from Romania

Current data report that high levels of dental anxiety in children have a negative impact on oral health. The aim of this study was to measure dental anxiety, based on the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) used as a self-reported measure and to correlate its values with the salivary cortisol levels. The study was conducted in 2019 and included 389 children aged 6–9 years old; evaluation of dental anxiety and saliva sampling were performed. The influence of gender on the presence of dental anxiety was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, the salivary cortisol level was compared between anxious and non-anxious children and was further correlated with the ACDAS score (p < 0.05). Girls had higher odds of experiencing dental anxiety (odds ratio: 1.533, p = 0.041). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in anxious compared to non-anxious children (median 1.251 vs. 1.091 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and showed a positive moderate correlation with the ACDAS score (r = 0.411, p < 0.001). Children aged 6–9 years have a high prevalence of dental anxiety, with girls being more susceptible to this condition. Salivary cortisol levels are higher in anxious children and correlate positively with the ACDAS score, proving that ACDAS can be used for the detection of dental anxiety.
A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during tracheal intubation and extubation

The potential aerosolised transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 is of global concern. Airborne precaution personal protective equipment and preventative measures are universally mandated for medical procedures deemed to be aerosol generating. The implementation of these measures is having a huge impact on healthcare provision. There is currently a lack of quantitative evidence on the number and size of airborne particles produced during aerosol‐generating procedures to inform risk assessments. To address this evidence gap, we conducted real‐time, high‐resolution environmental monitoring in ultraclean ventilation operating theatres during tracheal intubation and extubation sequences. Continuous sampling with an optical particle sizer allowed characterisation of aerosol generation within the zone between the patient and anaesthetist. Aerosol monitoring showed a very low background particle count (0.4 particles.l−1) allowing resolution of transient increases in airborne particles associated with airway management. As a positive reference control, we quantitated the aerosol produced in the same setting by a volitional cough (average concentration, 732 (418) particles.l−1, n = 38). Tracheal intubation including facemask ventilation produced very low quantities of aerosolised particles (average concentration, 1.4 (1.4) particles.l−1, n = 14, p < 0.0001 vs. cough). Tracheal extubation, particularly when the patient coughed, produced a detectable aerosol (21 (18) l−1, n = 10) which was 15‐fold greater than intubation (p = 0.0004) but 35‐fold less than a volitional cough (p < 0.0001). The study does not support the designation of elective tracheal intubation as an aerosol‐generating procedure. Extubation generates more detectable aerosol than intubation but falls below the current criterion for designation as a high‐risk aerosol‐generating procedure. These novel findings from real‐time aerosol detection in a routine healthcare setting provide a quantitative methodology for risk assessment that can be extended to other airway management techniques and clinical settings. They also indicate the need for reappraisal of what constitutes an aerosol‐generating procedure and the associated precautions for routine anaesthetic airway management.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery.

Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
Comparing the Effect of Methods of Rat Euthanasia on the Brain of Wistar Rats: Cervical Dislocation, Chloroform Inhalation, Diethyl Ether Inhalation and Formalin Inhalation

Contentions still exist as to the most humane method of sacrificing experimental animals. Beyond humaneness, there is also the issue of appropriateness of a method of sacrifice with regards to organ safety. This study compared four common methods of rodent sacrifice used in Nigeria and their effects on the brain. Twenty male Wistar rats weighing 150 to 180g were randomly separated into four groups of five rats each. After a two week period of acclimatization, the animals were sacrificed; Group A by Cervical dislocation (CD) which also served as control, Group B by Original Research Article Aguwa et al.; JAMMR, 32(17): 8-16, 2020; Article no.JAMMR. 60733 9 chloroform inhalation (CI), Group C by diethyl ether inhalation (DEI) and group D by Formalin inhalation (FI). The time taken for the animals to pass out was documented and the brains were harvested. Four of the brains from rats in each group were homogenized in phosphate buffer solution and centrifuged at 10000rpm. The supernatant were used for antioxidant studies. The remaining one brain from each group were fixed in 10% formal saline and after 48 hours, the cerebellum (CB) and hippocampus (Hp) were used for histological studies using the H & E method. Our results show although CD was the quickest, it gave the least quantity of blood. Meanwhile CI was the most humane, gave the most blood and saved time compared to DEI and FI. None of the methods of sacrifice showed adverse effect on the antioxidant parameters of the rats. However, histological studies showed that while CD and CI showed no adverse effects on the hippocampus, only CD was completely safe for the CB. The other methods showed various levels of cell death. It is therefore expedient to consider these factors in making the choice of an appropriate method of sacrifice and to use the most humane and safest method with reference to the organ studied.
Mapping Depth to Water (DTW) in Alberta’s Boreal Region Using Remote Sensing Techniques

Information on the position of ground water in the boreal forest can assist with our understanding of ecosystem functioning and provide valuable information for land-use planners. However, traditional field-based methods are generally suited only to measuring ground-water level (GWL) or depth to water (DTW) at single points, and are usually used for mapping small areas. The already existing WAM (wet areas mapping) technique (Murphy et al., 2011) maps large areas but provides static DTW information. Rahman et al. (2017) developed a workflow for estimating DTW as a space-and-time phenomenon, but the initial study was carried out over a small and relatively homogeneous study area. In the present study, I apply extend these techniques over a larger, more-complex study site using surface water as ground-water predictor. In addition to estimates of GWL and DTW, I also created a confidence raster, based on the following factors related to our assumptions: a) availability of surface water, b) probability of wetland, c) quality of the terrain model and d) slope of the terrain. The method works well in wetlands but generates less confidence in uplands. This method is useful for monitoring DTW over time, in locations that satisfy our assumptions.
Quality of life of alcohol-dependent adults: a mixed-methods study Kakovost življenja odraslih, odvisnih

Introduction: Alcohol dependence is the most prevalent addiction disorder that develops gradually as an interplay of individual and social factors. It impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of life of alcohol-dependent people at different stages of treatment compared to individuals without alcohol dependence. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted. First, a cross-sectional study (n = 502) was conducted using a validated Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q). Focus groups for subjective quality of life assessment were also conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive and inference methods (Mann Whitney U Test) with the SPSS, version 20 programme. Results: Non-dependent participants are significantly more satisfied with each of the quality of life component than alcohol-dependent participants. Differences were demonstrated in a sense of well-being and leisure-time activities. Differences between alcohol-dependent and non-dependent participants were seen in the domains of physical health, work satisfaction and social relationships. Discussion and conclusion: Alcohol-dependent participants reported a lower quality of life than non-alcohol dependent participants as alcohol dependents confront numerous problems associated with their dependence. There is a need for further research in the field of alcohol dependence in relation to the quality of life.
THE EFFECT OF DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO AND RETURN ON EQUITY ON STOCK RETURN WITH DIVIDEND POLICY AS INTERVENING VARIABLES IN SUBSECTORS PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE ON BEI

ABSTRACT Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity (ROE) to stock returns with dividend policy as an intervening variable on property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. This type of research is quantitative. This research population publishes all property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The data contributed to the research of 54 companies, and obtained a sample of 18 companies. Data analysis method used is path analysis (path analysis) using the multiple test. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that: (1) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) does not affect stock returns; (2) Return on equity (ROE) has a significant effect on stock returns; (3) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) has a significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR); (4) Return on equity (ROE) has a significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR); (5) Dividend Payout ratio (DPR) can mediate the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on stock returns; (6) Dividend payout ratio (DPR) can mediate the effect of return on equity (ROE) on stock returns. Keywords :Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on equity (ROE), Stock Returns, Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Dividend Policy
First record of black feathering in a female Red-backed Fairy-wren Malurus melanocephalus under natural conditions

During the breeding season, male Red-backed Fairy-wrens Malurus melanocephalus can exhibit a spectrum of plumages from wholly black-and-red to entirely brown. By contrast, females generally appear completely brown, although observations of birds in the hand have revealed that some females also develop some red feathers. Here, we document, for the first time, observations of a female Red-backed Fairy-wren that has developed both black and red feathers under natural conditions. We explore possible explanations for this including whether changes to the individual’s hormonal milieu could be responsible for the unusual plumage that we observed.