Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of Sleep Disordered Breathing with Wake-Up Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Full Polysomnographic Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent comorbidity in stroke patients. SDB is one of the independent risk factors for ischemic stroke. Conversely, stroke may contribute to SDB onset or aggravate premorbid SDB. Multiple mechanisms underlying SDB might be responsible for the development of stroke. The aim of this study was to compare polysomnographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of wake-up (WUS) and non-wake-up acute ischemic strokes (NWUS). METHODS We prospectively enrolled 88 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Clinical characteristics of the population were recorded on admission, and blood samples were obtained in the fasting condition following morning. SDB was assessed using standard overnight polysomnography in the acute phase of the stroke. RESULTS WUS were present in 16 patients (18.2%), and NWUS in 72 patients (81.8%). In WUS compared to NWUS, we observed significantly higher values of apnea-hypopnea index (24.8 vs. 7.6, p = 0.007), desaturation index ([DI] 26.9 vs. 8.8, p = 0.005), arousal index (22.6 vs. 13.1, p = 0.035), diastolic blood pressure (91.6 mm Hg vs. 85.2 mm Hg, p = 0.039), triglyceride levels ([TG] 1.9 mmol/L vs. 1.2 mmol/L, p = 0.049), and significantly lower levels of D-dimer (0.4 μg/L vs. 0.7 μg/L, p = 0.035). DI (CI: 1.003-1.054, p = 0.031) and TG (CI: 1.002-1.877, p = 0.049) were the only independent variables significantly associated with WUS in binary logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS Although the design of our study does not prove the causal relationship between SDB and WUS, higher severity of SDB parameters in WUS supports this hypothesis. COMMENTARY A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 467.
DRIVERS AND CONSTRAINTS OF CONVERSION TO ORGANIC FARMING IN THE KINGDOM OF BHUTAN

Organic farming is one of the several approaches towards environmental conservation and aims to increase agricultural production and household income for small-scale farmers to enable them to come out of poverty and improve livelihood. The objective is to investigate the key drivers and constraints in conversion to organic farming for domestic organic certified and non-certified but organic farmers and provide policy recommendation to government and relevant agency. The survey data of 146 respondents comprising of certified organic (n=47) and non-certified (n=99) were collected from Gasa district of Bhutan during the month of October 2017. The data analysis includes the use of descriptive statistics and the study recognize the drivers and constraints in conversion to organic farming according to the ranked order of importance by the farmers.The respondents were also asked to prioritize the factors, drivers and constraints for organic practices. The result suggests that both the certified and non-certified but organic farmers has identified environmental awareness, health benefits, economic benefits, education and employment benefits as the predominant drivers for organic production. The constraints experienced by both the groups include low productivity, market aspects, education and research aspects and economic and financial aspects. To promote organic farming the Bhutanese government, non-governmental organization and farmers has significant role to play. The government should support non-certified farmers through information and awareness, product certification, capacity building and formation of groups and cooperatives and support the certified farmers through research & development, market intensification, policy support and infrastructure development. The non-governmental organization should support non-certified farmers through adult education, training program and input supply and certified farmers through implementation of projects, agricultural shows and provide linkages with research institutions. The non-certified farmers are highly recommended to form groups, cooperatives and associations, self-organize in terms of farm machineries and tools and labors and carry out off farm activities. The certified farmers should diversify products, choose better cropping practices and techniques and attend short-term courses.
In-vitro-digestion of a controlled release material: composite aerated gel containing egg white protein

This study aimed to produce a healthy jelly-like product containing protein and bioactive ingredient. Egg white protein (EWP: 0, 3, 6% w/w) and sucrose (0 and 7.5% w/w) were mixed at fixed levels of konjac glucomannan, κ-carrageenan, and sodium bicarbonate in an aerated gel preparation. An interaction between EWP and sucrose significantly yielded lower gas hold-up capacity exhibiting less and small pores confirmed by SEM images. The 3% EWP with 7.5% sucrose gel was selected to further study in vitro digestion by incorporating rice bran hydrolysate (RBH) and determining phenolic compound bioaccessibility. Syneresis and gas hold-up capacity of the gel was improved due to aeration and RBH (P<0.05). Aeration also enhanced the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidants after digestion. Therefore, this study introduces a new food matrix which is an aerated gel containing egg white protein that exhibits high bioaccessibility following pancreatic digestion.
Study on the Key Autotoxic Substances of Alfalfa and Their Effects

Alfalfa is a leguminous plant with strong autotoxicity, which seriously affects regeneration and stability. In order to clarify the relationship between the key autotoxic substances and autotoxicity of alfalfa, this experiment determined the content of phenolic autotoxic substances in different varieties of alfalfa and the effect of different concentrations of alfalfa extracts on seed germination, seedling growth and physiology. The results showed that the content of single autotoxic substances in the eight alfalfa varieties was highest for total coumarin. The variety with the highest total coumarin content was “LZ”, and the lowest content was “656”. Principal component analysis of the autotoxicity of eight alfalfa varieties revealed that the variety with the strongest autotoxicity was “LZ” and the weakest was “656”. After treatment with extracts, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of 656 were higher than those of LZ, and the seeds of LZ and 656 did not germinate when the concentration was higher than C0.025 and C0.05, respectively. Compared with LZ, 656 had stronger osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity, while the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and ROS accumulation were lower. Further correlation analysis between the autotoxic substance content and autotoxicity observed that the content of total coumarin and autotoxic substances showed a significant positive association with autotoxicity (p < 0.01), and the total coumarin content showed a significant positive correlation with the content of autotoxic substances (p < 0.05). The total coumarin content is the major contributor to autotoxicity, and the higher the coumarin content, the higher the autotoxic substance content and the stronger the autotoxicity. Eight alfalfa varieties were systematically clustered on the basis of total coumarin content and autotoxicity, and the high-autotoxic alfalfa variety “LZ” and low-autotoxic alfalfa variety “656” were screened.
Relationship between Mild Cognitive Impairment, Pre-Frailty, Physical and Psychological Functioning, and Functional Capacity among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with a high risk of dementia. Reportedly, 54.6% of older adults with MCI fall into the pre-frailty category. However, it is unclear what differences exist in older adults with regard to their physical, psychological, and functional capacities, which depend on MCI, pre-frailty, or a combination of the two. This study aimed to examine the differences between the association between physical function, psychological function, and functional capacity by examining a combination of MCI and pre-frailty among community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. The participants in the analysis were 236 older people living in the community. They were classified into four groups, as follows: normal, MCI only, pre-frailty only, and pre-frailty/MCI; furthermore, their physical, psychological, and functional capacities were compared. In addition, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using MCI and pre-frailty as dependent variables. No associated factors were identified for MCI only, and a depressive mood was only associated with pre-frailty. When pre-frailty and MCI were combined, knee extension muscle strength, fastest gait speed, the s30 s chair stand test, depressed moods, and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were correlated. Our results suggest that when MCI and pre-frailty are combined, declines in both physical and psychological functions and IADL are likely to occur.
Adolescent Anxiety and TikTok. An exploratory study

INTRODUCTION Social media is ubiquitous in adolescents lives. TikTok is a medium primarily used by adolescents and young adults under 30 years. TikTok is thus an appropriate social media platform with which to examine discussions of anxiety among this age cohort. In this exploratory mixed-methods study we aimed to evaluate the scope of anxiety content available on TikTok in English in December 2021, and to further develop methods for analysing TikTok content. METHOD: We analysed a data set of 147 TikToks with the hashtag #anxiety. The data set consisted both of metadata and TikTok videos. This data set represented 18% of all TikToks featuring the hashtag #anxiety in December 2021. We examined the following research questions (RQs). RQ1: What are the creator identities reflected in the final data set in this study? ; RQ2: What are the metadata characteristics of the TikToks in the final data set? ; RQ3: What are the anxiety content themes in the final data set? ; and RQ4: What are the characteristics of the data set based on an anxiety management reference checklist? RESULTS Influencers were the most frequent creator identity in our data set. Influencers comprised 85.5% of the 147 TikToks in our final data set. We coded 79 (54%) female and 45 male (31%) influencers. We found male influencers created the most played (mean 81 147 062), and most liked (mean 1 510 585) TikToks. We found content themes varied by influencer gender. Notable finding were: the greater use of humour by males (22.7% males; n=10, and females 12.7%; n=10); and inspiration (38.6%; males n=17; and 13.9%; females n=11). Among female influencers, we identified self-disclosure as the most common theme (n= 40 and 50.6% compared with n=11 and 25% male influencers). Overall, we found limited references to evidence-based anxiety self-care content in our final data set. DISCUSSION We suggest that the TikToks in our data set were primarily directed at raising awareness of and de-stigmatising anxiety symptoms. TikTok anxiety content may be viewed by adolescents for emotional self-regulation, beyond evidence-based health information seeking. Self-disclosure on TikTok may also provide symptomatic relief to adolescents with anxiety. We suggest that gender is a salient factor when considering TikTok content. CONCLUSIONS Our content findings are broadly consistent with previous research into adolescent use of social media. This research also provides methodological insights for researchers and clinicians seeking to understand TikTok, and to develop engaging content targeted at the specific concerns and preferences of adolescent TikTok consumers.
The Labour Market Effects of Technology Shocks

We analyze the effects of neutral and investment-specific technology shocks on hours worked and unemployment. We characterize the response of unemployment in terms of job separation and job finding rates. We find that job separation rates mainly account for the impact response of unemployment while job finding rates for movements along its adjustment path. Neutral shocks increase unemployment and explain a substantial portion of unemployment and output volatility; investment-specific shocks expand employment and hours worked and mostly contribute to hours worked volatility. We show that this evidence is consistent with the view that neutral technological progress prompts Schumpeterian creative destruction, while investment specific technological progress has standard neoclassical features.
Culture and variation in wild chimpanzee behaviour : a study of three communities in West Africa

The concept of culture has recently been used to explain behavioural variation and trans-generational continuity of behaviour in non-human animals and in chimpanzees in particular. However, few studies in the wild have systematically investigated how the environment and behavioural adaptation might influence behavioural diversity. In this context, one habituated community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea, and two neighbouring non-habituated communities in the Nimba Mountains region of Guinea and Ute d'Ivoire were the subject of a detailed study of behavioural variation at the intraand inter-community level. An ecologically-based approach was adopted to investigate variation in nest building, in the use of the oil-palm tree (Elaeis guineensis), in ant-dipping and in tool-choice and -manufacturing. A significant influence of environmental variables on nesting parameters emerged explaining much of the variation observed between the three sites. However, some differences that arose are more likely to reflect differences in social structure and organisation. The comparative study of the utilisation of the oil-palm tree failed to reveal proximate environmental parameters that might explain significant observed variations in use. These findings raise interesting and important questions pertaining to diffusion of behaviour between neighbouring chimpanzee communities. Dipping for driver ants, Dorylus spp. , is often cited as one of the best examples of culture in chimpanzees. A detailed analysis of this behaviour at Bossou suggests that risk exposure affects frequency of performance in the developing chimpanzee and reveals a strong influence of prey characteristics, including aggressiveness and/or gregariousness, on tool length and technique employed. Variations in tool-choice and tool-manufacturing within and between three tool-use behaviours at Bossou involving the use of a stick or a stalk were found to be significantly associated with the nature of the task and its predictability, emphasising the importance of environmental affordance and constraints on these processes. In addition, efficiency in behaviour across another set of three tool-use behaviours was explored focusing chiefly on age-class differences. An analysis of individual and community-level patterns of laterality in handuse between these three tool-use behaviours is also provided. The data supply some
User-priority-based resource allocation for device-to-device communications in 5G underlaying cellular networks

In 5G cellular networks, device-to-device (D2D) communications help greatly improve spectral efficiency and reduce communication latency. However, interference is intrinsic to D2D communications when sharing spectral resources with cellular users (CUs). On the other hand, D2D is able to bear more and more services, which help user-centred and personalised services become development trends in 5G networks. Against this background, the authors propose a user-priority-based resource allocation scheme in consideration of interference. The scheme first divides the service priority of D2D into four levels based on the principle of satisfying the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of D2D as much as possible and then performs admission control allowing a D2D pair to use the CU spectral resources according to different priority levels. Next, they develop a maximum throughput scheme for the admissible D2D pair to select a suitable CU partner. Finally, a maximum weighted bipartite matching scheme is adopted. The proposed scheme is compared with a benchmark QoS-aware scheme in terms of the cell radius, distance, and maximum power of the D2D pair. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to notably improve system throughput.
Exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water and small for gestational age births in New South Wales, Australia

This statement ("that these effects mainly occur above threshold concentrations") and similar ones throughout the manuscript are concerning since threshold effects seem to suggest that these associations are more established or certain than they are. Less informed readers may assume that there is a definite (causal) effect of THMs on fetal growth and that it occurs at "X ug/l". Surely this is not the intent of the authors given the potential for misclassification bias (from external exposure measures), and the lack of an unexposed population to examine lower levels effects. Should replace "effects" with associations.
Evidencing the sports tourism interrelationship: a case study approach

Sport and tourism have received considerable attention in the research literature, but until recently as separate spheres of activity. However, an international review of sports-tourism literature conducted by Jackson and Glyptis (1992) revealed much evidence of a significant interrelationship, and identified the need for more empirical work. This research contributes to the more detailed and systematic quantification of the significance of sport as a tourism generator, which cannot be effectively established from existing tourism statistics, and towards the more effective analysis of the volume of sports-related tourism, and associated behaviour. The research provides a number of detailed primary case studies of what are now increasingly typical, yet under-researched, styles of sports-related tourism behaviour. The first study focuses on research with Butlins Holiday Worlds and provides evidence of sports-related tourism behaviour in a traditional holiday setting. Activity holidays represent another growing area of sports-related tourism. Twr-Y-Felin is one of the largest outdoor activity holiday organisations in Wales, in terms of volume and diversity of courses offered. This second case study reviews the holiday motivations, activity styles, holiday patterns etc. of a large sample of sports activity holiday takers. Analysis of the 1994 World Athletics Cup, the third case study, provides significant data on sports spectator behaviour, including the significance of the event in generating tourist trips, associated activity whilst travelling for sports spectating, distances travelled, length of stay, spending patterns etc. The final case study focuses on the most dedicated and committed of sports tourists; those representing their Country in international sport. A detailed case study of international athletes examines the generation of tourism through elite level sports participation, competition and training. The thesis proposes that sports-related tourism behaviour can be conceived as a continuum from, at one extreme, incidental and sporadic sports activity whilst on holiday, to tourism behaviour driven exclusively by the needs of, and interest in particular sports activities. This research has synthesised the findings from the four case studies and draws overall conclusions regarding sports tourism behaviour. In attempting to more clearly conceptualise this field and broaden understanding, this work highlights the various behavioural types and also identifies where other research contributions can be made.
University of Birmingham A review of chamber experiments for determining specific emission rates and investigating migration pathways of flame retardants

The widespread use of flame retardants (FRs) in indoor products has lead to their ubiquitous distribution within indoor microenvironments with many studies reporting concentrations in indoor air and dust. Little information is available however on emission of these compounds to air, particularly the measurement of specific emission rates, (SERs) or the migration pathways leading to dust contamination. Such knowledge gaps hamper efforts to develop understanding of human exposure. This review summarizes published data on SERs of the following FRs released from treated products: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), including a brief discussion of the methods used to derive these SERs. Also reviewed are published studies that utilize emission chambers for investigations/measurements of mass transfer of FRs to dust, discussing the chamber configurations and methods used for these experiments. A brief review of studies investigating correlations between concentrations detected in indoor air/dust and possible sources in the microenvironment is included along with efforts to model contamination of indoor environments. Critical analysis of the literature reveals that the major limitations with utilizing chambers to derive SERs for FRs arise due to the physicochemical properties of FRs. In particular, increased partitioning to particulates due to their lower vapour pressures cause "sink" effects i.e. loss through absorption to chamber surfaces. Moreover, extended experiment times are often required at room temperature conditions for formation of steady state conditions inside the chamber. The limitations of chamber experiments are discussed as well as their potential for filling gaps in knowledge in this area. Cassandra Rauert, Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK Tel. +44 121 414 5431 Fax +44 121 414 3078 Email c.b. rauert@bham.ac. uk The Editor, Atmospheric Environment
Options for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Guiyang, China : A Cost-Ancillary Benefit Analysis

This study provides information on the additional "ancillary" benefits that China would experience by reducing emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. It investigates a number of options for mitigating CO2 emissions in the power and industrial sectors of Guiyang City. It calculates the impact these options would have on the city's overall air pollution and effects these changes in air quality would have on the health improvements and looks at the overall cost and benefit that each of the carbon dioxide reduction technologies would bring to society as a whole. It finds that a number of technologies would not only help address the problem of global warming but improve the quality of the city's air and the health of its people. Over time, these would pay themselves in terms of reduced mortality and illness levels. The study recommends that the government should support and legislate for such "no regrets" carbon dioxide reduction initiatives. It also recommends that similar studies be done in other cities to identify options suitable for those cities' conditions.
Contributions à la modélisation simplifiée de la mécanique des contacts roulants

La modelisation de l'usure superficielle necessite la mise en place d'un outil numerique de calcul des puissances dissipees lors du roulement sous charge de galets sur des pistes de came [1]. Compte tenu des dispersions relatives aux defauts geometriques et aux parametres mal connus comme le coefficient de frottement par exemple, l'etude s'oriente vers une approche probabiliste [2] ou le nombr e de cas simules devient tres grand et hors d'atteinte en des temps de calcul CPU raisonnables par une approche exacte. L'utilisation d'une approche simplifiee est alors necessaire pour le calcul de la puissance dissipee dans le cas non hertzien genere par l'usure. Pour quantifier la precision (ou l'incertitude) d'une telle approche, nous presentons et discutons les choix qui ont ete realises ; en particulier, l'approche simplifiee proposee par Kalker [3] est comparee avec les solutions de l'approche exacte, puis nous proposons des ameliorations aux approches semi-hertziennes deja utilisees dans [4] ou [5].