Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low NLRP3 expression predicts a better prognosis of colorectal cancer

Abstract Background: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis. Whether NLRP3 is involved in the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elucidated and is the focus of the present study. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied on tissue microarray (TMA) to determine the expression of NLRP3 in CRC patients. All 100 patients were divided into the low NLRP3 group and the high NLRP3 group according to their NLRP3 IHC scoring. Additionally, CRC xenografts were established by injecting HCT116 or RKO cells subcutaneously into nude mice. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined in HCT116 cells after treatment with NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Results: NLRP3 expression was up-regulated in colon adenocarcinoma tissues compared with that in paracancerous tissues in CRC patients, HCT116 xenograft, and RKO xenograft. High NLRP3 level correlated with the advanced TNM classification of malignant tumors, the occurrence of distant metastasis, vascular invasion, and positive lymph nodes. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that a high NLRP3 level was associated with a low 5-year survival rate and even a low 10-year survival rate. Moreover, the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model implied that NLRP3 expression level was an independent risk factor for CRC prognosis. Inhibition of NLRP3 by MCC950 suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and decreased mRNA levels of interleukin 1β (IL1β) and interleukin 18 (IL18) in HCT116 cells. Conclusions: High level of NLRP3 predicts poor survival in CRC patients. NLRP3 is a putative prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatments.
Low basal serum testosterone level is detrimental to the embryo implantation in the patients with severe endometriosis

Androgens have been reported to be associated with female fertility. The mean serum testosterone concentration in the patients with endometriosis was reported to be significantly lower than that without endometriosis. Our study was designed to investigate the influence of basal serum testosterone levels on the clinical outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the patients with III‐IV stage endometriosis.
Prognostication for meningiomas: H3K27me3 to the rescue?

Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (S.S., K.L.L.); Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (S.S., K.L.L.); Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (S.S., K.L.L.); Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (S.S., K.L.L.)
The effects of carbon emissions, rainfall, temperature, inflation, population, and unemployment on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: An ARDL investigation

Objective While macroeconomic and environmental events affect the overall economic performance of nations, there has not been much research on the effects of important macroeconomic and environmental variables and how these can influence progress. Saudi Arabia’s economy relies heavily on its vast reserves of petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, and copper, but its economic growth trajectory has been uneven since the 1990s. This study examines the effects of carbon emissions, rainfall, temperature, inflation, population, and unemployment on economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Methods Annual time series dataset covering the period 1990–2019 has been extracted from the World Bank and General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection, Saudi Arabia. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration has served to investigate the long-run relationships among the variables. Several time-series diagnostic tests have been conducted on the long-term ARDL model to check its robustness. Results Saudi Arabia can still achieve higher economic growth without effectively addressing its unemployment problem as both the variables are found to be highly significantly but positively cointegrated in the long-run ARDL model. While the variable of carbon emissions demonstrated a negative effect on the nation’s economic growth, the variables of rainfall and temperate were to some extent cointegrated into the nation’s economic growth in negative and positive ways, respectively. Like most other nations the short-run effects of inflation and population on economic growth do vary, but their long-term effects on the same are found to be positive. Conclusions Saudi Arabia can achieve both higher economic growth and lower carbon emissions simultaneously even without effectively addressing the unemployment problem. The nation should utilize modern scientific technologies to annual rainfall losses and to reduce annual temperature in some parts of the country in order to achieve higher economic growth.
Assessment of gender differences in letters of recommendation for pharmacy residency applicants

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose Letters of recommendation (LORs) are highly regarded components of pharmacy residency applications, as they provide insight into an applicant’s character and capabilities. In other medical fields, differences in language have been reported for letters written for female and male applicants; however, data on gender differences in LORs for pharmacy residency applications are currently lacking. Methods LORs for applicants to our institution’s postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency program for the 2019-2020 academic year were extracted and processed by a natural language processing service. Words within 18 categories were identified and counted for each LOR. Total was also compared. Results Of the 473 LORs included for analysis, 320 (67.7%) were written for female applicants and 153 (32.3%) were written for male applicants. Approximately two-thirds of all writers were women for both female and male applicants. In comparing letters for women and men, there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of LORs that contained terms in categories described as gendered, solitary/reserved, and desire. There was no statistically significant difference in total or in the presence of words in other categories such as grindstone, standout, agentic, or communal. When controlling for grade point average, writer gender, duration that the writer knew the applicant, and the writer’s professional position, there were no changes to the statistical findings. Conclusion Letters written for female and male applicants were largely similar with regard to length and word categories utilized. While no clear gender bias was found when evaluating pharmacy residency LORs, writers must continue to assess their implicit biases and how those biases might affect a candidate’s application.
E‐cigarette and vaping product use‐associated lung injury in the pediatric population: A critical review of the current literature

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as e‐cigarettes, in the adolescent population has significantly increased over the past several years. This rise led to an outbreak of e‐cigarette or vaping product use‐associated lung injury (EVALI) in the summer of 2019. Since that time, numerous case reports and case series on vaping and EVALI have been published but the majority of literature highlights the adult population with few articles focusing on pediatric patients. Given the addictive nature of these products and the lack of full understanding of the human health effects, there is concern that use of ENDS may have lasting impacts on users, especially adolescents and young adults. The goal of this review is to critically assess published data on ENDS use in children, report our institutional experience, discuss the reasons why the use of ENDS have increased among young individuals, outline the current understanding of EVALI as it pertains to the pediatric population, and discuss future opportunities for health policy implementation.
Foods provided to children in family day care: an observational study

Abstract Objective: To assess the quality and quantity of foods and beverages provided to children aged 0–5 years in family day care and identify structural and sociodemographic factors associated with the nutritional quality of food provided. Design: A cross-sectional study measured the food and beverages provided to children using weighed food records. The number of serves from different food groups was calculated according to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, and a healthy food provision index score was created. Associations between structural and sociodemographic factors and healthy food provision index scores were analysed using linear mixed models. Setting: Family day care services in two large geographic areas in New South Wales, Australia. Participants: One hundred and four children in thirty-three family day care services. Results: During attendance at childcare, most children met recommended servings of fruit but not dairy, vegetables, lean meat and meat alternatives and wholegrains. Discretionary foods exceeded recommendations. Children’s age, socio-economic status and the type of main meal provided were significantly associated with the healthy food provision index score. Conclusions: Foods provided to children in family day care are aligned with dietary recommendations for fruit but not vegetables, dairy, lean meat and meat alternatives, wholegrains or discretionary foods. Interventions to promote healthy eating are needed to support families and educators to improve the nutritional quality of food provided to children.
Fear of breast cancer among young Spanish women: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Champion breast cancer fear scale

Heightened fear of breast cancer (FBC) has been linked to increased distress following breast cancer diagnosis and to avoidance of mammography screening. To our knowledge, however, no studies have examined the nature of FBC exclusively among young females, even though they are overrepresented in media stories of breast cancer. Given that no instruments are available to assess FBC in the Spanish language, we sought to 1) evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CBCFS), and 2) offer preliminary data on the nature of FBC among young women. Participants (N = 442, mean age = 21.17, range 17–35) completed the translated CBCFS (CBCFS-es) and the Spanish version of the Short Health Anxiety Inventory. The CBCFS-es demonstrated good concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate fit to a one-factor solution. The majority of participants reported considerably high levels of FBC, as 25.34% and 59.73% of them scored above the moderate- and high-FBC cut-offs, respectively. Moreover, FBC could not be explained by general concerns regarding health and illness, given that levels of health anxiety were low. Implications for health education, research, and clinical practice are discussed.
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation impairs neuronal plasticity and reduces hippocampal neuronal arborization in male albino rats: Noradrenaline is involved in the process

Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) favors brain development and memory, while it is decreased in neurodegenerative diseases. REMS deprivation (REMSD) affects several physiological processes including memory consolidation; however, its detailed mechanism(s) of action was unknown. REMS reduces, while REMSD elevates noradrenaline (NA) level in the brain; the latter induces several deficiencies and disorders, including changes in neuronal cytomorphology and apoptosis. Therefore, we proposed that REMS‐ and REMSD‐associated modulation of NA level might affect neuronal plasticity and affect brain functions. Male albino rats were REMS deprived by flower‐pot method for 6 days, and its effects were compared with home cage and large platform controls as well as post‐REMSD recovered and REMS‐deprived prazosin (α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist)‐treated rats. We observed that REMSD reduced CA1 and CA3 neuronal dendritic length, branching, arborization, and spine density, while length of active zone and expressions of pre‐ as well as post‐synaptic proteins were increased as compared to controls; interestingly, prazosin prevented most of the effects in vivo. Studies on primary culture of neurons from chick embryo brain confirmed that NA at lower concentration(s) induced neuronal branching and arborization, while higher doses were destructive. The findings support our contention that REMSD adversely affects neuronal plasticity, branching, and synaptic scaffold, which explain the underlying cytoarchitectural basis of REMSD‐associated patho‐physio‐behavioral changes. Consolidation of findings of this study along with that of our previous reports suggest that the neuronal disintegration could be due to either withdrawal of direct protective and proliferative role of low dose of NA or indirect effect of high dose of NA or both.
Trends in Female Authorship in Major Journals of 3 Oncology Disciplines, 2002-2018

Key Points Question How has the representation of women as authors in the oncology literature changed over time? Findings This cross-sectional study of 13 general oncology/medicine, radiation oncology, and surgical journals found that female authorship of oncology research articles rose from 25.5% in 2002 to 31.7% in 2018, with considerable variation based on author position, article type, and journal type. This rise is less than the increase in female oncology faculty over that time period. Meaning While female authorship in oncology research literature has increased over time, it has not kept up with the increase in female oncology faculty.
Kinetics of surface crystallization in thin films of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

In-situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction has been used to investigate the kinetics of crystallization at the surface of thin films of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). By varying the angle of incidence of the X-ray beam around the critical angle of the film, the penetration depth can be tuned to allow a direct comparison of molecular ordering in the surface and bulk of the film. The results show that ordering occurs significantly faster at the surface in the temperature range 90−100 °C (close to the bulk glass transition temperature of 75 °C). The (0 1 1) and (0 1 0) peaks narrow more rapidly and achieve a lower width, indicating that the crystallization progresses more rapidly in these crystallographic directions. This enhanced ordering is attributed to a combination of surface energy effects, which promote localized packing, and to an enhanced segmental mobility near the free surface.
Significant Enhancement of Polymer Solar Cell Performance via Side-Chain Engineering and Simple Solvent Treatment

Rational design and synthesis of polymeric semiconductors is critical to the development of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a new series of benzodithiophene–difuranylbenzooxadiazole-based donor–acceptor co-polymers—namely, PBDT-DFBO, PBDTT-DFBO, and PBDTF-DFBO, with various side groups—have been developed for bulk-heterojunction PSCs. These side-group substituents provide the opportunity to tailor the opto-electrical properties of the polymers. In addition, we show that the reduction of the bandgap of polymers and the enhancement of charge mobility in the devices can be accomplished concurrently by substituting the alkylthienyl side group with its furan counterpart. In the preliminary investigation, one could obtain PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.1% for PBDT-DFBO with an alkoxyl side chain, 2.2% for PBDTT-DFBO with an alkylthienyl side group, and 3.0% for PBDTF-DFBO with an alkylfuranyl side group. Further optimizing the performance of the devices was conducted via a simple s.
Pre-Transitional Effects in the Electric Permittivity of Cyano Nematics

Abstract Measurements we have made of electric permittivities have revealed new pre-transitional effects in nematics with cyano end groups. These effects have been found to be related to the discontinuity in the mean permittivity at TNI observed for these nematics and they have been attributed to pre-transitional changes in the anti-parallel ordering.
N(4S0), N(2D0), and N(2P0) yields in predissociation of excited singlet states of N2

Predissociation in several singlet valence and Rydberg states of molecular nitrogen has been investigated using photofragment spectroscopy. We report here measurements of the yields of the atomic fragment products N(4S0), N(2D0), and N(2P0) from predissociation of specific rotational levels in the b’ 1Σu+ (v=9–13), c’ 1Σu+ (v=3,4), c 1Πu (v=3,4), and o 1Πu (v=3) states of N2. These states are prepared by laser excitation from the metastable a‘ 1Σg+ (v=0) level in a fast (3 keV) molecular beam. Correlated atomic fragments from single molecular dissociation events are monitored using a position‐ and time‐sensitive detector to obtain a complete and sensitive scheme for all possible N2 dissociation products. Dissociation of the N2 states is found to occur to N(2D0)+N(4S0), and N(2P0)+N(4S0) products; production of N(4S0)+N(4S0) is found not to occur from any of the states investigated here. Branching of the dissociation products between the two active limits is found to be strongly correlated with the energy .
Acceptance, recognition and supported independence: Wellbeing for children and young people with a disability in New Zealand: The voice of youth with Down Syndrome

iii Acknowledgements . v List of Figures . xiii List of Tables. xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Background Context of the Thesis . 1 Perspectives on Disability . 3 Approaches to “Profiling” Children And Young People With Disability . 7 Gaps in Government Services And Initiatives . 14 The Research . 19 Chapter 2: Conceptualising Wellbeing for Children and Young People with Disabilities . 23 Introduction . 23 Concepts of Wellbeing . 23 Hedonic and Eudaimonic Theory . 25 Subjective wellbeing . 26 Happiness and wellbeing . 27 Wellbeing and life satisfaction . 28 Quality of Life . 28 Human Rights and Wellbeing . 29 The Capabilities Approach . 31 Wellbeing across Environments: Ecological Systems Theory . 33 Summary . 34 Wellbeing and Children . 35 Wellbeing for Children: Conceptual Shifts . 36 Wellbeing and well-becoming: The developmentalist approach. 37 Wellbeing, human rights and the right to agency . 38 Environments for capabilities . 40 Assessing child wellbeing. 41 Summary . 44 Wellbeing for Children with a Disability . 45 Wellbeing, disability, and Quality of Life . 46
Carbon Catalyzed Methane Decomposition for Enhanced Solar Thermal Cracking

This study presents thermal decomposition of methane, laden with two activated charcoal samples, namely Fluka 05105 and Fluka 05120, which were used laden with methane in a vortex flow solar reactor and seeded in a tornado flow solar reactor. Previously, we presented our thermo gravimetric experiment results on the carbon-hydrogen reaction to show whether the injected carbon particles react with the formed hydrogen. In this work, we expanded our thermogravimetric analysis to study carbon-methane reaction at various concentrations of methane feed gas to study the favorable effect of carbon laden flow experiments for catalytic methane decomposition. Results were analyzed to discuss the threshold temperature, ultimate mass gain, average hydrogen production, amount of carbon formed, type of carbon sample, and concentration of methane in the feed gas. It is observed that average hydrogen production rate is increased with an increase in the methane volume fraction in the feed gas. Higher hydrogen and carbon production is observed when Fluka 05105 is used. For different partial pressures of methane, different ultimate mass gain is observed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Dicarboxylic Acids in the Murchison and Yamato-791198 Carbonaceous Chondrites

Dicarboxylic acids were recovered in the C2 to C9 range in concentration about 2000 to 0.1 nmol/g from the Murchison and Yamato-791198 carbonaceous chondrites. The molecular distributions of the saturated straight-chain acids suggest that they approximately show their original compositions when they were formed in the early solar system. Optical isomers of the acids were found to be racemic.
Evaluation of Polyelectrolyte Performance on PCC Flocculation Using the LDS Technique

Flocculation of precipitated calcium carbonate induced by polyelectrolytes was monitored using light diffraction scattering (LDS), which can supply the complete kinetic curve for the flocculation process. Cationic polyacrylamides of very high molecular weight with different charge densities and degrees of branching were tested. The effects of the charge density, degree of branching, and concentration of the flocculant on the flocculation process, as well as on floc resistance and reflocculation capacity, were investigated. Moreover, floc structure was evaluated through the calculation of the fractal dimension using the scattering matrix. The study demonstrates the benefit of using LDS for the evaluation, in a single test, of flocculant performance in the different stages of flocculation: aggregation, stabilization, deflocculation, and reflocculation.
Dynamic Mechanical Spectra of Selected Turkish Honeys: Construction of Predictive Models for Complex Viscosity Using Two Different Nonlinear Modeling Techniques

Dynamic oscillatory shear rheological characteristics of honey samples from different floral sources were evaluated using frequency sweep test and stress sweep test at three different temperatures (10, 15, and 20°C). All honey samples showed liquid-like behavior because the loss modulus was significantly greater than the elastic modulus. Pine honey showed the highest complex viscosity (86.33 Pa s at 10°C), while the lowest complex viscosity was observed in citrus honey (22.15 Pa s) at the same temperature. Temperature dependency of complex viscosity of honey samples was modeled by Arrhenius model and activation energy values of honeys ranged from 83.13 to 97.46 kJ/mol. An efficient predictive model for complex viscosity values of honeys was constructed using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system that showed satisfactory prediction performance with high coefficient of determination (0.995) and low root mean square error (0.04) in the validation period compared to artificial neural networks.
Effects of External Carbon Source Concentration on Sulphate Removal by Selected Bacterial and Fungal species

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of initial external carbon source concentration on sulphate removal by four bacterial and four fungal isolates under shake flask conditions. The test wastewater was filtered and supplemented with sodium acetate as the external carbon source at respective concentrations of 5g/L, 10g/L, 15g/L and 20g/L, before dispensing in 200mL quantity in 250mL capacity conical flasks, sterilised and inoculated with the test microbial isolates. Prior inoculation and at 24h interval, for 96 h for the estimation of sulphate concentration in the wastewater using standard methods. The results revealed remarkable sulphate removal in the absence of the sodium acetate and on its 5g/L addition. An increase in the concentration of the sodium acetate caused a corresponding decrease in the level of sulphate removal. Percentage sulphate removals in presence of the test isolates were observed to range from 47.01 to 57.81%, 18.66 to 51.66%, -1.64 to 11.03%, 5,38 to 22.37% and -3.59 to 5.18%, at sodium acetate concentrations of 0g/L, 5g/L, 10g/L, 15g/L and 20g/L, respectively. This trend was