Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 IN INDONESIA: ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN THE FIRST QUARTER

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in the first quarter (Q1) of 2020 in Indonesia, has certainly had a major impact on the company’s financial performance. The first-quarter financial report should have been able to show the actual condition of the financial company because it can be a projection for investors and analysts regarding the company’s performance in the next period. Unfortunately, many gaps in financial reporting that can provide space for management to commit earnings management. This study aims to prove the difference in earnings management in the Q1 of 2020, namely the period after the COVID-19 pandemic with the Q1 of 2019, namely the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. The data type of the research is secondary data using the financial statements of companies listed on the Indonesian Stock exchange in the Q1 of 2018, the Q1 of 2019, and the Q1 of 2020. The Q1 of 2018 is needed in this research related to the search for the Q1 of the year of 2019 data. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the Wilcoxon test with SPSS 25 software. This research has proven that there is a difference in earnings management in the Q1 of 2019, namely before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Q1 of 2020, named after the COVID-19 pandemic. The level of earnings management during the COVID-19 pandemic represented in the Q1 of 2020 was lower than the earnings management in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, namely in the Q1 of 2019.
Electrophoresis-staining apparatus for DNA agarose gels with solution exchange and image acquisition

ABSTRACT Agarose gel electrophoresis is routinely used for the separation of nucleic acids. Gels are developed, stained, and visualized using dedicated equipment and reagents. Manufacturers have developed instrumentation with advanced features that provide good safety and user-friendly operation. However, the process of size fractionation of nucleic acids by horizontal gel electrophoresis by dye staining may be cumbersome and unsafe due to many steps and harmful chemicals. Here is reported a safe, inexpensive, time-saving, and comprehensive apparatus for gel electrophoresis, staining, and imaging. This newly modified apparatus has simple operation and uses existing equipment and off-the-shelf components for easy construction in the laboratory. The apparatus has been shown to perform agarose horizontal gel electrophoresis and associated techniques with ease and simplicity.
Opening the ‘Black Box’ of Cooperative Learning in Face-to-Face versus Computer-Supported Learning in the Time of COVID-19

This paper aims to identify the changes in student behaviors that resulted from the switch from face-to-face (F2F) learning to computer-supported cooperative learning (CSCL) due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We constructed a triple-dimensional index with “thinking ability improvement”, “horizontal knowledge construction”, and “vertical social relationship evolution” to make comparisons. According to majors, we selected 23 students who registered for entrepreneurship courses from March to June 2019 in F2F and 23 students from March to June 2020 in CSCL formats. We utilized mixed methods, including experimental, content-based, and social network methods, to conduct evaluations. The results show the following: (1) Cooperative learning is beneficial in cultivating creative thinking for both F2F and CSCL groups. (2) The level of knowledge construction was slightly higher in F2F than that in CSCL in general. The effect of F2F learning in the early stage of the course was better, and in the later stage of the class CSCL attained a higher value. (3) For social abilities, the interactions in CSCL were closer than those in the F2F group. F2F cooperative learning was more prone to “fake cooperation” and free-riding behavior, whereas CSCL led to “pan-cooperation” and lacked the in-depth exploration of knowledge. Therefore, this pandemic provides opportunities for cooperative learning with in-depth exploration. CSCL offers sustainable and more hybrid learning activities that allow for the combination of online and offline learning to be experienced according to course contents.
Immobilization of
 β
 ‐Galactosidase on Monolithic Discs for the Production of Prebiotics Galacto‐oligosaccharides

Four different activated methacrylatic monoliths, acting as pore-through-flow membrane reactors in order to reduce enzyme costs and mass-transfer limitations, were characterized as support for immobilization of b -galactosidase to pro-duce galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). GOS synthesis was studied in different operation modes. A higher affinity of the immobilized enzyme towards the transgalactosylation reaction could be obtained, which results in desired GOS with higher degree of polymerisation. Kinetic models were successfully parametrized forming a basis for process modeling and optimization.
Packed bed chemical-looping combustion : experimental demonstration and energy analysis

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
The effects of knowledge management capabilities on Research outcome and Teaching effectiveness in King Saud University

The aim was to investigate effects of KMC on research outcome(RO) and teaching effectiveness(TE) in KSU. The final sample consisted of 320 University staff, from Humanities Colleges. Four faculties were selectively chosen. They were Colleges of Languages and Translation, Education, Sports Science and Physical Activity and Arts. PCA was conducted to measure the relationship between the study variables. SEM was employed to determine a valid causal model. Means, standard deviations, correlation, skewness and kurtosis among variables indicated that variables were highly correlated. The results revealed that KA has significant direct effects on both RO & TE, KS has significant direct effects on both RO & TE, KU has significant direct effects on both RO & TE,TI has significant direct effects on both RO & TE, and OC has significant direct effects on both RO & TE.
MAJOR BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES OF GANODERMA POLYSACCHARIDES: A REVIEW

Ganoderma a white rot fungus has been used as a folk remedy for promoting health and longevity for centuries. The vast amount of study has been performed on the medicinal properties of Ganoderma in general and Ganoderma lucidum in particular. The bioactivities of the metabolites reported from G. lucidum are immense. The main bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum consist of mainly polysaccharides and triterpenoids. The major bioactive polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma species are β (1→3), β (1→4), and β (1→6)-D glucans. With respect to the pure chemical and structural points of view, G. lucidum polysaccharides are mostly composed of β-glucans, heteropolysaccharides, and glycoptoteins. The major component of this sugar molecule is glucose together with xylose, mannose, galactose, and fructose in different conformations. Many of these bioactive polysaccharides have shown activities against the major diseases of our time and the list of effects shown is huge. Various important bioactivities, namely, antitumor, antioxidant, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-HIV, and so on have been shown by these bioactive polysaccharides. The main purpose of this review is to report the most bioactive polysaccharides from G. lucidum and other species of Ganoderma and to report their potential health benefits.
Zwei: A Self-Play Reinforcement Learning Framework for Video Transmission Services

Video transmission services adopt adaptive algorithms to ensure users’ demands. Existing techniques are often optimized and evaluated by a function that linearly combines several weighted metrics. Nevertheless, we observe that the given function often fails to describe the requirement accurately, resulting in the violation of generating the required methods. We propose <italic>Zwei</italic>, a self-play reinforcement learning framework that updates the policy by straightforwardly utilizing the actual requirement. Technically, Zwei effectively rolls out the trajectories from the same initial state, and instantly estimate the win rate w.r. t the competition outcome, where the outcome represents which trajectory is closer to the assigned requirement. We evaluate Zwei with different requirements on various video transmission tasks, including adaptive bitrate streaming, crowd-sourced live streaming scheduling, and real-time communication. Results indicate that Zwei optimizes itself according to the assigned requirement faithfully, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods under all considered scenarios. Moreover, we further propose <italic>Zwei<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^+$</tex-math></inline-formula></italic>, which enables Zwei to learn the policies in the vanilla no-regret reinforcement learning scenario. We validate Zwei<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^+$</tex-math></inline-formula> in the adaptive bitrate streaming task and show the superiority of the proposed method over existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Representations of gender and race in Ryan Coogler’s film Black Panther: disrupting Hollywood tropes

ABSTRACT Dozens of superhero films have been produced to date, yet their narratives tend to marginalize characters of color and offer stereotypical representations of masculinity and femininity. Ryan Coogler’s Black Panther places people of color at the center of its narrative; this study investigates whether it disrupts commonplace tropes and offers innovative portrayals of Black womanhood and manhood. The analysis focuses on the characterizations and the story lines found in the film, particularly considering how the narrative engages with aspects such as agency, ideology, choice, allyship, and empowerment. The analysis uses an interpretive methodology and is informed by works in critical/cultural studies, communication, film, and feminist scholarship. The findings suggest that the film subverts stereotypes found in Hollywood movies, presenting characters that embody complex intersectional identities, yet these portrayals are carefully negotiated within the context of a popular franchise.
Asymptotics for EBLUPs: Nested Error Regression Models

Abstract In this article we derive the asymptotic distribution of estimated best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUPs) of the random effects in a nested error regression model. Under very mild conditions which do not require the assumption of normality, we show that asymptotically the distribution of the EBLUPs as both the number of clusters and the cluster sizes diverge to infinity is the convolution of the true distribution of the random effects and a normal distribution. This result yields very simple asymptotic approximations to and estimators of the prediction mean squared error of EBLUPs, and then asymptotic prediction intervals for the unobserved random effects. We also derive a higher order approximation to the asymptotic mean squared error and provide a detailed theoretical and empirical comparison with the well-known analytical prediction mean squared error approximations and estimators proposed by Kackar and Harville and Prasad and Rao. We show that our simple estimator of the predictor mean squared errors of EBLUPs works very well in practice when both the number of clusters and the cluster sizes are sufficiently large. Finally, we illustrate the use of the asymptotic prediction intervals with data on radon measurements of houses in Massachusetts and Arizona.
The invisible enemy: Understanding bird‐window strikes through citizen science in a focal city

Bird-window collisions have been estimated to be among the most important sources of bird death. Despite increasing knowledge in Latin America, our understanding of this phenomenon is still incipient, with research performed in Mexico limited to a handful of studies. Here, we present the results of a citizen science effort focused on bird-window collisions at seven buildings in the university campus of the National School of Higher Studies (ENES) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, located in the city of León (cen-tral Mexico). Our main goal was to describe seasonal patterns of bird-window collisions and their relationship with building traits (i.e., building height, window area) through citizen science monitoring strategies. Our results showed that collisions were higher in two of the seven studied buildings, with two
Exploring the Presence of Five Rare Earth Elements in Vineyard Soils on Different Lithologies: Campo de Calatrava, Spain

The aim of the work described here was to understand the pedogeochemical signature of five rare earth elements (REEs; Ce, Nd, La, Y, and Sc) in vineyard soils in Campo de Calatrava (a unique territory with calcareous, volcanic and metamorphic rocks). The mean contents in surface horizons of Ce, Nd, La, Y, and Sc were 65.7, 32.0, 35.5, 18.8, and 13.9 mg·kg–1, respectively. In subsurface horizons the contents were Ce 62.8, Nd 31.1, La 35.7, Y 17.9, and Sc 14.4 mg·kg–1. The results show that mean contents of REEs in the area under investigation are in the order Ce > Nd > La > Y > Sc. Ce has a very high range, with a value close to 150 mg·kg–1. On the other hand, concentrations of Ce, Nd, Y, and Sc are higher in soils on volcanic material than in soils on nonvolcanic material, while only La values are lower in soils on volcanic rocks. The distributional maps of REEs in surface and subsurface horizons suggest that parent material and pedogenesis such as argillization and calcium carbonate accumulation are more important factors than the use of REE-based fertilizers, except in certain exceptional cases (consistent with a possible specific human impact after continuous fertilization).
Climate Policy, Financial Frictions, and Transition Risk

We study climate and macroprudential policies in an economy with financial frictions. Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model featuring both a pollution market failure and a market failure in the financial sector, we explore transition risk – whether ambitious climate policy can lead to macroeconomic instability. It can, but the risk can be alleviated through macroprudential policies – taxes or subsidies on banks’ assets. Then, we explore efficient climate and macroprudential policy in the long run and over business cycles. The presence of financial frictions affects the steady-state value and dynamic properties of the efficient carbon tax. Macroprudential policy alone, without a carbon tax, is not very effective at addressing the pollution externality.
Development of integrated science textbooks on local potential food Bakpia for junior high school

This study aimed to (1) determine the feasibility of developed science textbooks by expert validators; (2) knowing the results of the readability test by junior high school teachers and student. This research was a development study used a 4D modification model which consist of define, design, develop, and disseminate. However, this development was carried out until the develop stage. The product was validated by a material expert and media expert validator. The readability test was conducted by three science teachers and fifteen junior high school students. Data were collected using a validation and readability test questionnaire. Technical analysis of data used quantitative descriptive percentage analysis. The results showed that the feasibility of the material was 81.26% with very good criteria, the percentage of the student’s media feasibility was 89.06% with very good criteria the percentage of the teacher’s media feasibility was 91.67% with very good criteria. The percentage of readability test results by the science teacher was 96.35% with very good criteria, and the percentage of readability tests by junior high school students was 85.67% with very good criteria. As a whole the science textbook integrated the local potential of bakpia can be used in the science learning process.
An investigation into microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steel weldment

Maraging steel is an alloy of Ni-Fe having very low carbon content. These steel is having superior properties like toughness and strength without losing its malleability. In the present work 5mm thick Maraging steel plates were welded using GTAW process with maraging steel filler wire. This paper attempts to analyse the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weldment. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was carried out at 480°C. Strength of welded joint of as-weld and PWHT was tested using ultimate tensile machine (UTM). Both the tensile specimen (As-weld and PWHT) breaks at base metal zone. The quality of joint at micro-level was analysed using optical microscopy. PWHT sample have finer grain compare to weld sample. Different phases transformation was observed in microstructures. Microhardness was also observed at different location in and around the joint. It was also observed that the fusion zone and heat affect zone (HAZ) of PWHT has higher value of Microhardness compare to weld sample.
Thermoelasticity of silicate perovskites and magnesiowüstite and its implications for the Earth’s lower mantle

Abstract By assuming an ideal two-component mixture of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite (MgPv) and (Mg,Fe)O magnesiowüstite (Mw), and by using a thermoelastic model for mantle minerals developed previously, we can reproduce the PREM values of density and velocities vP and vS of compressional and shear waves of the lower mantle within ±0.12%, ±0.28%, and ±0.56% except for the transition layers at the both boundaries. The molar fractions and atomic fractions of iron for MgPv and Mw were adjusted to reproduce the PREM values of r, vP, and vS above the point of z = 871 km (which is slightly inside the lower mantle) under constant-entropy condition. This depth avoids the boundary effect. The adiabatic bulk and shear moduli of the mixture are calculated by the Hashin-Shtrikman method for MgPv and Mw and then arithmetically averaged. The temperature profile was calculated assuming that the lower mantle is adiabatic and T(670 km) = 1873 K. The temperature at the top of D'' becomes 2444 K. Being added the temperature increment of 840 K over D'' (z = 2741-2891 km) estimated by Stacey and Loper (1983) to our value, the temperature at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) becomes 3284 K in agreement with T(CMB) of 3300 ± 500 °C by Brown and McQueen. The molar ratios of Fe/(Mg + Fe) and (Mg + Fe)/Si become 0.12 and 2.10. The calculated thermal expansivity, a, of the mixture under lower mantle conditions is in agreement with a of the lower mantle calculated directly from PEM data by Brown and Shankland, and Anderson. For the addition of 5 mol% of CaSiO3 perovskite to our model, the essential feature of the result is unchanged and the wt% of SiO2, MgO, FeO, and CaO become 40.7, 44.6, 11.0, and 3.7
Fully screen‐printed silicon solar cells with local Al‐p+ and n‐type POLO interdigitated back contacts with a VOC of 716 mV and an efficiency of 23%

We demonstrate the fabrication of a fully screen‐printed p‐type silicon solar cell with local hole‐collecting Al‐alloyed (Al‐p+) contacts with a record open circuit voltage of 716 mV. The solar cell is fabricated by using almost the same process equipment as PERC cells. One of the dominant recombination losses in PERC cells is the recombination in the passivated and in the contacted emitter regions that so far limit the open circuit voltage to values below 700 mV. We eliminate these loss channels by substituting the P‐diffused emitter by a passivating n‐type poly‐Silicon on Oxide (nPOLO) contact. We place this contact on the rear side because of its otherwise strong parasitic absorption. The Al‐p+ contacts are also located at the rear side to avoid front‐side shading. This results in a POLO‐IBC cell structure. The efficiency of the best cell so far is 23.0% with a designated area of 4 cm2 fabricated on a M2‐sized wafer. Scanning electron microscopy reveals an Al‐p+ thickness of less than 3.3 μm and only a few 100 nm at the contact ends, which is less than the 5 μm typically for optimized Al‐p+ contacts. A comparison of measured and simulated current‐voltage curves over a variation of the contact fraction extracts a high saturation current density of the Al‐p+ contact of J0‐Al ‐p+ = 2,250 fA cm−2 for the current screen‐print conditions and Al‐paste causing an absolute efficiency loss of 0.5%abs. The recombination at the AlOx/SiNy surface and the shunt resistance limits the cell by 0.6%abs each.
How effectively can EFL students use automated written corrective feedback (AWCF) in research writing?

Abstract AWCF can facilitate academic writing development, especially for novice writers of English as a foreign language (EFL). Existing AWCF studies mainly focus on teacher and learner perceptions; fewer have investigated the error-correction effect of AWCF and factors related to the effect. Especially lacking is research on how successfully students can use AWCF to correct errors in source-based academic writing. Meanwhile, Grammarly, an automated writing evaluation (AWE) tool, is under-represented in AWCF studies despite its extensive use in EFL classrooms and its significant advantages. Correspondingly, we evaluated how effectively EFL students could use Grammarly-provided feedback for error correction in research writing and what factors were related to user responses (i.e., revision operations) and response accuracy. The results show that the error scores decreased significantly after revision and the participants correctly addressed 85% of the Grammarly-flagged usages. The error-correction success was impressive, considering how the technical nature of research writing might affect feedback accuracy and user responses, both related to response accuracy. In fact, feedback accuracy contributed to response accuracy both directly and indirectly (via user responses). The findings have implications for source-based academic writing instruction and AWE tool development.
Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Feral PigeonsLiving Near a Ferronickel Smelter

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a ferronickel smelter in Drenas, Kosovo, in concentrations of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, and nickel in tissues of liver, kidney, testes, femur, and tibia of feral pigeons (Columba livia). For this purpose, we took 20 birds (nine male and 11 female) from the ferronickel smelter courtyard, and 20 (11 male and 9 female) from Lubizhdë village (control group) to assess the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni) in soft tissues (liver, kidney, and testes) and solid tissues (femur and tibia). We found that lead (Pb) concentrations in the liver, kidney, femur, and tibia increased in the Drenas group (P = 0.160, P = 0.176, P<0.001, P<0.001), whereas lead concentration decreased in the testes compared to the control group (P = 0.030). Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the liver and kidney increased (P = 0.460, P<0.001), whereas in other tissues it is not found. Zinc (Zn) concentrations in the liver, kidney, and tibia tissues increased (P = 0.050, P = 0.094, P = 0.258), whereas in the testes and femur it decreased (P<0.001, P = 0.556). Copper (Cu) concentrations increased in the liver, kidney, testes, and tibia tissues (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P = 0.007), but decreased in the femur tissue (P = 0.456) compared to the control group. Nickel (Ni) concentrations increased in all examined tissues (P<0.001, P = 0.010, P = 0.292, P = 0.312, P = 0.102) of feral pigeons (Columba livia) from the smelter courtyard. The highest concentration of Ni was recorded in the liver (139.97 μg/mg d.w.).