Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The network structure of ICD-11 adjustment disorder: A comparison of clinical and nonclinical samples

Abstract Background International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision (ICD-11) adjustment disorder (AjD) is characterized by two main symptom clusters: preoccupation with the stressor and failure to adapt to the stressor. The network analytic approach provides important information on the structural validity of a disorder and reveals which symptoms are most prominent. To date, no study compared the network structure of AjD symptoms in clinical and nonclinical samples, which could potentially inform our understanding of psychopathological mechanisms that underlie AjD and identify core targets for therapy. Methods A network analysis was conducted on AjD symptoms as assessed by the Adjustment Disorder—New Module (ADNM-8) using data from 330 clinical participants from the UK and a nonclinical sample of 699 participants from Switzerland. Results Comparisons of network structure invariance revealed differences between the network structure of the clinical and the nonclinical samples. Results highlight that in terms of both edges strength and centrality, failure to adapt symptoms was more prominent in the clinical sample, while the preoccupation symptoms were more prominent in the nonclinical sample. Importantly, global strength was similar across networks. Conclusions Results provide evidence of the coherence of AjD in the ICD-11 as assessed by the ADNM questionnaire. They tentatively suggest that subclinical AjD may be characterized by emerging preoccupation symptoms that may result in failure to adapt and functional impairment in clinical manifestation of AjD. However, there is a need for replication and longitudinal research to further validate this hypothesis.
Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiac functions in children of mothers with gestational diabetes and maternal obesity

Abstract Background and aims: We aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal obesity or gestational diabetes on body composition, lipid, and glucose metabolism, arterial morphology, and functions in children, and to investigate these effects in terms of cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: The study group was composed of 48 children who had a history of gestational diabetes or maternal obesity, and the control group was composed of 33 children. Echocardiographic assessments were performed. Socio-economic status and education level of mothers were obtained. Results: In the study group, carotid intima-media thickness, epicardial adipose tissue thickness, and arterial stiffness values were found to be significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively), while arterial distensibility and arterial strain values were found to be significantly lower (p = 0.003, p = 0.008, respectively). Among the children who had similar body mass index in both groups, children in the study group had higher carotid intima-media thickness and epicardial adipose tissue thickness values. Arterial stiffness values were significantly reduced (p = 0.028) and arterial distensibility and strain values were significantly increased (p = 0.039, p = 0.033, respectively) in the children whose mothers had gestational diabetes and high socio-economic status. Left ventricular mass and left ventricular end-diastolic internal thickness were found to be significantly increased in the children who had obese and unemployed mothers (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: Low socio-economic status was found to be associated with increased maternal obesity and gestational diabetes. Poor socio-economic status, poor glycaemic control and being overweight during pregnancy indicate negative cardiometabolic outcomes for children in the long term.
Parents' responses to children's math performance in early elementary school: Links with parents' math beliefs and children's math adjustment

Abstract A new parent‐report measure was used to examine parents' person and process responses to children's math performance. Twice over a year from 2017 to 2020, American parents (N = 546; 80% mothers, 20% other caregivers; 62% white, 21% Black, 17% other) reported their responses and math beliefs; their children's (M age = 7.48 years; 50% girls, 50% boys) math adjustment was also assessed. Factor analyses indicated parents' person and process responses to children's math success and failure represent four distinct, albeit related, responses. Person (vs. process) responses were less common and less likely to accompany views of math ability as malleable and failure as constructive (|r|s = .16–.23). The more parents used person responses, the poorer children's later math adjustment (|β|s = .06–.16).
Mediation Analysis of the Effect of Visuospatial Memory on Motor Skill Learning in Older Adults

Abstract There is high inter-individual variability in motor skill learning among older adults. Identifying the nature of these individual differences remains challenging due to interactions between participant characteristics (e.g., age, cognition) and task-related factors (e.g., nature of task, level of skill pre-training), making it difficult to determine plausibly causal relationships. This study addresses these competing explanations by using mediation analysis to examine plausible causal inference between visuospatial memory and one-month retention of both gross and fine motor components of a functional upper-extremity task following training. Results suggest that better visuospatial memory results in more retention of fine but not gross motor skill, expanding on previous correlational studies in older adults and informing future interventions for maximizing motor learning in geriatric populations.
Anti-Campylobacter Probiotics: Latest Mechanistic Insights

The Campylobacter genus is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis, with the consumption of contaminated poultry meat as the main route of infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Escherichia coli Nissle, and Bifidobacterium species, have a great immunomodulatory capacity and exhibit antipathogenic effects through various molecular mechanisms. Reducing Campylobacter levels in livestock animals, such as poultry, will have a substantial benefit to humans as it will reduce disease transmissibility through the food chain. Moreover, probiotic-based strategies might attenuate intestinal inflammatory processes, which consequently reduce the severity of Campylobacter disease progression. At a molecular level, probiotics can also negatively impact on the functionality of various Campylobacter virulence and survival factors (e.g., adhesion, invasion), and on the associated colonization proteins involved in epithelial translocation. The current review describes recent in vitro, in vivo, and preclinical findings on probiotic therapies, aiming to reduce Campylobacter counts in poultry and reduce the pathogen's virulence in the avian and human host. Moreover, we focused in particular on probiotics with known anti-Campylobacter activity seeking to understand the biological mechanisms involved in their mode of action.
Carbon and climate implications of rewetting a raised bog in Ireland

Peatland rewetting has been proposed as a vital climate change mitigation tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to generate suitable conditions for the return of carbon (C) sequestration. In this study, we present annual C balances for a 5‐year period at a rewetted peatland in Ireland (rewetted at the start of the study) and compare the results with an adjacent drained area (represents business‐as‐usual). Hydrological modelling of the 230‐hectare site was carried out to determine the likely ecotopes (vegetation communities) that will develop post‐rewetting and was used to inform a radiative forcing modelling exercise to determine the climate impacts of rewetting this peatland under five high‐priority scenarios (SSP1‐1.9, SS1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5). The drained area (marginal ecotope) was a net C source throughout the study and emitted 157 ± 25.5 g C m−2 year−1. In contrast, the rewetted area (sub‐central ecotope) was a net C sink of 78.0 ± 37.6 g C m−2 year−1, despite relatively large annual methane emissions post‐rewetting (average 19.3 ± 5.2 g C m−2 year−1). Hydrological modelling predicted the development of three key ecotopes at the site, with the sub‐central ecotope predicted to cover 24% of the site, the sub‐marginal predicted to cover 59% and the marginal predicted to cover 16%. Using these areal estimates, our radiative forcing modelling projects that under the SSP1‐1.9 scenario, the site will have a warming effect on the climate until 2085 but will then have a strong cooling impact. In contrast, our modelling exercise shows that the site will never have a cooling impact under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario. Our results confirm the importance of rapid rewetting of drained peatland sites to (a) achieve strong C emissions reductions, (b) establish optimal conditions for C sequestration and (c) set the site on a climate cooling trajectory.
Structural transformations of Ge2Sb2Te5 films studied by electrical resistance measurements

Temperature dependent measurements of the electrical resistance have been employed to study structural changes in sputtered Ge2Sb2Te5 films. The pronounced changes of film resistance due to structural changes enable a precise determination of transition temperatures and activation energies. Furthermore the technique is sensitive enough to measure the influence of ultrathin capping layers on the transformation kinetics. With increasing temperature the Ge2Sb2Te5 films undergo a structural change from an amorphous to rock salt structure (Fm3m) around 140 °C and finally a hexagonal structure (p3m) around 310 °C. Both structural changes are accompanied by a major drop of resistance. Applying the Kissinger method [Anal. Chem. 29, 1702 (1957)] the activation energy for crystallization to the rock salt structure is determined to be 2.24±0.11 eV, and for the phase transformation to the hexagonal phase to be 3.64±0.19 eV, respectively. A thin capping layer of ZnS–SiO2 leads to an increase of the first transition t.
Refutation of Shapley Values for XAI - Additional Evidence

Recent work demonstrated the inadequacy of Shapley values for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Although to disprove a theory a single counterexample suffices, a possible criticism of earlier work is that the focus was solely on Boolean classifiers. To address such possible criticism, this paper demonstrates the inadequacy of Shapley values for families of classifiers where features are not boolean, but also for families of classifiers for which multiple classes can be picked. Furthermore, the paper shows that the features changed in any minimal $l_0$ distance adversarial examples do not include irrelevant features, thus offering further arguments regarding the inadequacy of Shapley values for XAI.
Whole-genome sequence analysis of high-level penicillin-resistant strains and antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates from Thailand

Background The increasing rate of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae poses a considerable public health threat due to the difficulty in treating gonococcal infections. This study examined antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to drugs recommended for gonorrhea treatment between 2015 and 2017, and the AMR determinants and genetic compositions of plasmids in 3 gonococcal strains with high-level penicillin resistance. Methods We collected 117 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from patients with gonococcal infections who attended Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between 2015 and 2017. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, spectinomycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone were determined by the agar dilution method. PCR amplification and sequencing of 23S rRNA and mtrR (a negative regulator of MtrCDE efflux pump) were performed. Whole genomes of 3 PPNG strains with high-level penicillin resistance (MIC ≥ 128 μg/ml) were sequenced using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. Results The proportions of N. gonorrhoeae isolates with resistance were 84.6% for penicillin, 91.5% for tetracycline, and 96.6% for ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin, azithromycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. An adenine deletion within a 13 bp inverted repeat sequence in the mtrR promoter and an H105Y mutation in the mtrR coding region were found in the N. gonorrhoeae isolate with the highest azithromycin MIC value (1 μg/ml). Three high-level penicillin-resistant isolates contained nonmosaic type II penA and had mutations in penB and the mtrR coding region. All isolates with high-level penicillin resistance carried the conjugative plasmids with or without the Dutch type tetM determinant, the beta-lactamase plasmid (Rio/Toronto), and the cryptic plasmid. Conclusions The gonococcal population in Thailand showed high susceptibility to ceftriaxone and azithromycin, current dual therapy recommended for gonorrhea treatment. As elevated MIC of azithromycin has been observed in 1 strain of N. gonorrhoeae, expanded and enhanced surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility and study of genetic resistance determinants are essential to improve treatment guidelines.
Environmental Degradation of Microplastics: How to Measure Fragmentation Rates to Secondary Micro- and Nanoplastic Fragments and Dissociation into Dissolved Organics

Understanding the environmental fate of microplastics is essential for their risk assessment. It is essential to differentiate size classes and degradation states. Still, insights into fragmentation and degradation mechanisms of primary and secondary microplastics into micro- and nanoplastic fragments and other degradation products are limited. Here, we present an adapted NanoRelease protocol for a UV-dose-dependent assessment and size-selective quantification of the release of micro- and nanoplastic fragments down to 10 nm and demonstrate its applicability for polyamide and thermoplastic polyurethanes. The tested cryo-milled polymers do not originate from actual consumer products but are handled in industry and are therefore representative of polydisperse microplastics occurring in the environment. The protocol is suitable for various types of microplastic polymers, and the measured rates can serve to parameterize mechanistic fragmentation models. We also found that primary microplastics matched the same ranking of weathering stability as their corresponding macroplastics and that dissolved organics constitute a major rate of microplastic mass loss. The results imply that previously formed micro- and nanoplastic fragments can further degrade into water-soluble organics with measurable rates that enable modeling approaches for all environmental compartments accessible to UV light.
A BEN-domain protein and polycomb complex work coordinately to regulate transcription

ABSTRACT Transcription regulation is an important mechanism that controls pluripotency and differentiation. Transcription factors dictate cell fate decisions by functioning cooperatively with chromatin regulators. We have recently demonstrated that BEND3 (BANP, E5R and Nac1 domain) protein regulates the expression of differentiation-associated genes by modulating the chromatin architecture at promoters. We highlight the collaboration of BEND3 with the polycomb repressive complex in coordinating transcription repression and propose a model highlighting the relevance of the BEND3-PRC2 axis in gene regulation and chromatin organization. Abbreviations: BEND3, BANP, E5R and Nac1 domain; rDNA, ribosomal DNA; PRC2, Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; H3K27me3, Histone H3 Lysine 27 methylation; PcG, Polycomb group.
Comparison of violence risk screening experiences of emergency department clinicians

ABSTRACT Objective Individuals commonly present to the emergency department (ED) for care after violence and many are also at risk for subsequent self or other-directed violence. Screening for violence risk represents an important part of ED care, but is challenging to implement effectively. Feedback from ED providers is needed to characterize differences across provider types in order to facilitate implementation of enhanced screening practices. Methods This qualitative focus group study examined the experiences of 6 psychiatric social workers, 16 emergency medicine physicians, and 15 psychiatric providers in conducting violence risk screening to elicit ideas about solutions and barriers. Results Eight themes emerged: Approach to Patient Assessment, High-Yield Clinical Data in Risk Assessment, Suicide Risk Screen, ED Clinician Resources, Analysis of Professional Risk, Affective Response of Clinician, ED Role and Scope, and Clinical Management. All clinician types discussed the themes from their professional perspectives and generated important knowledge of violence risk screening practices. Conclusions The findings affirm the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in addressing violence risk in the ED and emphasize the need for ongoing clinical education and feedback as well as the importance of optimizing efficiency.
The RNA-binding protein Puf5 and the HMGB protein Ixr1 contribute to cell cycle progression through the regulation of cell cycle-specific expression of CLB1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Puf5, a Puf-family RNA-binding protein, binds to 3´ untranslated region of target mRNAs and negatively regulates their expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The puf5Δ mutant shows pleiotropic phenotypes including a weakened cell wall, a temperature-sensitive growth, and a shorter lifespan. To further analyze a role of Puf5 in cell growth, we searched for a multicopy suppressor of the temperature-sensitive growth of the puf5Δ mutant in this study. We found that overexpression of CLB2 encoding B-type cyclin suppressed the temperature-sensitive growth of the puf5Δ mutant. The puf5Δ clb2Δ double mutant displayed a severe growth defect, suggesting that Puf5 positively regulates the expression of a redundant factor with Clb2 in cell cycle progression. We found that expression of CLB1 encoding a redundant B-type cyclin was decreased in the puf5Δ mutant, and that this decrease of the CLB1 expression contributed to the growth defect of the puf5Δ clb2Δ double mutant. Since Puf5 is a negative regulator of the gene expression, we hypothesized that Puf5 negatively regulates the expression of a factor that represses CLB1 expression. We found such a repressor, Ixr1, which is an HMGB (High Mobility Group box B) protein. Deletion of IXR1 restored the decreased expression of CLB1 caused by the puf5Δ mutation and suppressed the growth defect of the puf5Δ clb2Δ double mutant. The expression of IXR1 was negatively regulated by Puf5 in an IXR1 3´ UTR-dependent manner. Our results suggest that IXR1 mRNA is a physiologically important target of Puf5, and that Puf5 and Ixr1 contribute to the cell cycle progression through the regulation of the cell cycle-specific expression of CLB1.
The role of sutureless or rapid‐deployment aortic valve prosthesis in bicuspid aortic valve: Standard AVR, TAVR, or somewhere in between?

The treatment options for patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) have expanded over the last decade due to the advancement of transcatheter and valve technologies, like the use of sutureless and rapid ‐ deployment valves (SU ‐ AVR) in aortic valve replacement (AVR). In this issue of the Journal of Cardiac Surgery , Morgan and colleagues tried to address important clinical questions using the meta ‐ analysis method to determine the current outcome of SU ‐ AVR for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients across 12 studies; a total of 179 patients were identified after their literature search. 1 The outcomes and complication rates of patients with BAV undergoing SU ‐ AVR with the Perceval sutureless prosthesis (LivaNova) or Edwards Intuity rapid ‐ deployment prosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences) were reviewed. SU ‐ AVR in BAV is controversial due to several reasons such as the anatomy and pathophysiology of BAV, the different character-istics of patients between BAV and tricuspid AS, the possibility of reoperation in the future, and so on. 2
Primary Renal Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors: Analyis of Six Cases from a Tertiary Care Center in North India with Review of Literature

Well-differentiated renal neuroendocrine tumors are rare tumors. As their biologic behavior is not fully known, there is a need to know more about these cases. We performed a retrospective chart review of all the cases diagnosed with renal neuroendocrine tumors from January 2016 to December 2020 (five years) in order to understand their clinical features, morphological characteristics and outcome. We included six cases with mean age of 46.2 years (4 males) in our study. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy. Histologically all showed tumor disposed in nests and trabeculae and majority of the tumors belonged to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor Grade 1 (WHO criteria of gastoroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms). Lymph node metastasis was seen in two cases at the time of clinical presentation. All the tumors were diffusely positive for neuroendocrine tumor markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin, NSE, CD56). Follow-up data was available in all cases with an average follow-up of two years and neither has shown evidence of metastasis or relapse till last follow-up. Role of morphological patterns and immunohistochemical markers is highlighted with the importance of including Ki-67 index in grading them to better understand their outcome.
Prevalence and Predictors of Perpetration of Cyberviolence Against a Dating Partner: A Cross-Cultural Study with Moroccan and Spanish Youth

The rise in the levels of cyberviolence in adolescent couples has become a social, educational, and public health problem of enormous magnitude. This study analyzed the nature and dimensions of cyberviolence among adolescents and its association with other forms of offline violence by country of origin (Morocco or Spain) and gender. The objective of the study was to identify the predictors of the perpetration of cyberviolence against a dating partner. The predictor variables were five types of dating victimization (cyber, physical, sexual, emotional with a social impact, and emotional with an individual impact), history of violence, and parental monitoring knowledge. The sample consisted of Spanish (n = 802) and Moroccan students (n = 241) who had dated and attended secondary schools in southeastern Spain. Over half of the participants had perpetrated cyberviolence against their partners; the prevalence was higher among girls and Moroccan youth. Boys reported more physical victimization than girls. For all groups, the strongest predictor of cyberviolence perpetration was cyberviolence victimization. The influence of other forms of victimization, history of offline violence, and parental monitoring differed by the youth’s country of origin and gender. The study reinforces the need for intersectional and cross-cultural analyses of online behaviors.
Rapid acceleration of radiation belt energetic electrons by Z‐mode waves

We present the first simulation of the effect of Z‐mode waves on the outer radiation belt electron dynamics. We calculate bounce‐averaged diffusion rates in pitch angle and momentum and then use them as inputs to solve a 2‐D momentum‐pitch angle diffusion equation. Numerical results show that the phase space density (PSD) of 1 MeV electrons can enhance substantially and very rapidly (e.g., 30 minutes). In particular, the momentum diffusion rate exceeds the pitch angle and cross diffusion rates at 0.5 MeV and above, a behavior completely different from that for EMIC and chorus waves. Consequently, momentum (instead of pitch angle or cross) diffusion plays a dominant role in the dynamic evolution of energetic electrons. Moreover, the PSD evolution is found to be very dependent upon the assumed initial particle distributions. These results provide further insights on the interplay between acceleration mechanisms of outer radiation belt electrons.