Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foraminiferal diversification during the late Paleozoic ice age

Abstract A record of late Paleozoic foraminiferal diversity, origination and extinction frequencies, and provincialism at million-year temporal resolution and species-level taxonomic resolution has been achieved by analyzing composite standard databases. Foraminiferal species diversity increased throughout Mississippian and Pennsylvanian time leading up to its peak at the Pennsylvanian/Permian boundary. Foraminifers then experienced a steep decline in diversity during the Early Permian. Frequencies of origination and extinction broadly tracked changes in global diversity. From Late Mississippian time onward, patterns in total foraminiferal diversity were dominated by fusulinoideans. There is no clear relationship between rates of foraminiferal evolution and the alternating glacial and nonglacial intervals that characterized the late Paleozoic ice age. Rather, high rates of origination and extinction might reflect instability of neritic environments as a consequence of high-frequency, high-amplitude base-level fluctuations (cyclothemic deposition). Further, the advent of algal symbiosis in fusulinoideans was a physiologic innovation that promoted diversification as these symbiont-bearing taxa experimented with morphologic adaptations for partitioning the low-nutrient environments to which they were specialized. Growth to large size and delayed maturation in fusulinoideans might have been enabled by the late Paleozoic hyperoxic atmosphere and the widespread development of oligotrophic, carbonate platform and shelf environments. The late Paleozoic history of foraminiferal diversification was influenced also by closure of the Rheic Ocean beginning in Late Mississippian time. Foraminiferal associations on opposite sides of Pangea exhibited relatively high similarity prior to the closure, but then similarity decreased steadily after destruction of the subequatorial marine corridor. Arctic-Eurasian and North American associations were nearly isolated from one another throughout the main burst of fusulinoidean diversification, so that parallel lineages developed independently in the two regions, resulting in many instances of convergence.
Blast Disease Behavior in Some Boro Rice Varieties of Bangladesh and Development of Induced Resistance System Against Blast Disease through Selected Novel Chemicals

Chronologically two experiments have been conducted during the period from October 2018 to May 2019 and July 2019 to June 2020 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh for the identification of one of the best rice varieties and chemicals against blast disease. In a field experiment, eight boro rice varieties were evaluated (five inbreed varieties, two high-yielding varieties, and one wild variety) to observe varietal performances against blast disease. A pot experiment was also performed to study the resistance behavior of the tested varieties in an in-vitro condition by applying silica powder, K2SiO3, salicylic acid, cattle urine (both normal and pregnant cows), and PPN. Field study revealed that the wild variety was highly resistant (incidence and severity 0%) whereas BRRI dhan58 was susceptible (incidence 21.48% and severity 60.48%). Wild variety was also characterized by the highest tiller number (20.73), panicle length (24.90 cm), fresh grain weight (62.30 g), and dry grain weight (51.70 g). The highest number of panicles was recorded in BRRI dhan28 (18.40) which was statistically like the wild variety (17.50). Though wild variety performed best in another parameter it gave the lowest amount of yield (4.77 kg/plot). In morphological studies of pathogen, pyriform-shaped conidia were found in a sympodial fashion on conidiophores whose size varied from 22.13 to 28.47 μm × 9.13 to 11.72 μm (average 25.30×10.43 μm). The second experiment revealed that all selected novel chemicals showed some extent of resistance but the cattle urine, PPN, and K2SiO3 showed a promising effect. Koch’s postulate test for the experiment confirmed the causal organism of blast disease is Magnaporthe oryzaein artificially inoculated plants.
Wearable Electrochemical Glove-Based Analytical Device (eGAD) for the Detection of Methamphetamine Employing Silver Nanoparticles

Illicit drug misuse has become a widespread issue that requires continuous drug monitoring and diagnosis. Wearable electrochemical drug detection devices possess the potential to function as potent screening instruments in the possession of law enforcement personnel, aiding in the fight against drug trafficking and facilitating forensic investigations conducted on site. These wearable sensors are promising alternatives to traditional detection methods. In this study, we present a novel wearable electrochemical glove-based analytical device (eGAD) designed especially for detecting the club drug, methamphetamine. To develop this sensor, we immobilized meth aptamer onto silver nanoparticle (AgNPs)-modified electrodes that were printed onto latex gloves. The characteristics of AgNPs, including their shape, size and purity were analysed using FTIR, SEM and UV vis spectrometry, confirming the successful synthesis. The developed sensor shows a 0.1 µg/mL limit of detection and 0.3 µg/mL limit of quantification with a linear concentration range of about 0.01–5 µg/mL and recovery percentages of approximately 102 and 103%, respectively. To demonstrate its applicability, we tested the developed wearable sensor by spiking various alcoholic and non-alcoholic drink samples. We found that the sensor remains effective for 60 days, making it a practical option with a reasonable shelf-life. The developed sensor offers several advantages, including its affordability, ease of handling and high sensitivity and selectivity. Its portable nature makes it an ideal tool for rapid detection of METH in beverages too.
Abstract—this Study Examines the Impact of Working Capital

management on firms' performance and market value of the firms in Nigeria. A sample of fifty four non-financial quoted firms in Nigeria listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange was used for this study. Data were collected from annual reports of the sampled firms for the period 1995-2009. This result shows there is a significant negative relationship between cash conversion cycle and market valuation and firm's performance. It also shows that debt ratio is positively related to market valuation and negatively related firm's performance. The findings confirm that there is a significant relationship between Market valuation, profitability and working capital component in line with previous studies. This mean that Nigeria firms should ensure adequate management of working capital especially cash conversion cycle components of account receivables, account payables and inventories, as efficiency working capital management is expected to contribute positively to the firms' market value.
The 1998 Valhall microseismic data set: An integrated study of relocated sources, seismic multiplets, and S-wave splitting

Werelocate303microseismiceventsrecordedin1998bysensorsinasingleboreholeintheNorthSeaValhalloilfield.Asemiautomated array analysis method repicks the P- and S-wave arrival times and P-wave polarizations, which are needed to locate these events. The relocated sources are confined predominantly toa50-m-thickzonejustabovethereservoir,andlocationuncertaintiesarehalfthoseofpreviousefforts.Multipletanalysisidentifies 40 multiplet groups, which include 208 of the 303 events. The largest group contains 24 events, and five groups contain 10 or more events. Within each multiplet group, we further improve arrival-time picking through crosscorrelation, which enhances the relative accuracy of the relocated events and reveals that more than 99% of the seismic activity lies spatially in three distinct clusters. The spatial distribution of events and waveform similarities reveal two faultlike structures that match well with north-northwest‐south-southeast-trending fault planes interpreted from 3D surface seismic data. Most waveform differencesbetweenmultipletgroupslocatedonthesefaultscanbeattributed to S-wave phase content and polarity or P-to-S amplitude ratio. The range in P-to-S amplitude ratios observed on the faults is explained best in terms of varying source mechanisms. Wealsofindacorrelationbetweenmultipletgroupsandtemporal variations in seismic anisotropy, as revealed by S-wave splitting analysis. We explain these findings in the context of a cyclic rechargeanddissipationofcap-rockstressesinresponsetoproduction-driven compaction of the underlying oil reservoir. The cyclic nature of this mechanism drives the short-term variations in seismic anisotropy and the reactivation of microseismic source mechanismsovertime.
The role of foreign-owned entities in building economic resili-ence in times of crisis: The case of European digital and technologically-intensive firms during the Covid-19 pandemic

Research background: Over the decades, foreign-owned entities (FOEs) have become an important part of the economic landscape considered as behemoths of globalisation, but also transmitters of positive effects such as technology or know-how spillovers. In times of volatility and uncertainty, firms’ contribution to building a resilient economy is at the top of the public agenda. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is two-fold. Firstly, we test, how FOEs perform in this stressful time of volatility and uncertainty. Secondly, we examine the contribution to resilience by digital and technologically intensive sectors. Methods: The study utilises the Bureau van Dijk (BvD) Orbis firm-level database as a primary data source. The results are derived with the use of two econometric approaches. Firstly, we estimate a static model utilising the ordinary squares estimator. Secondly, we re-estimate the equations using a two-step System GMM estimator. It introduces a lagged dependent variable into the model and implements a correction for endogeneity among covariates by including instruments (in levels and differences). Findings & value added: We use size, age, ownership, gearing, and intangibility as firms’ financial performance determinants, together with the sector-, country- and time-fixed effects. FOEs compared to domestic ones generated a higher revenue growth rate. In times of crisis high-tech and digital firms are more resilient. However, ownership does not matter in this respect. We contribute to the discussion about functions performed by FOEs in crisis and turbulent times, in which resilience issues are on top of the agenda. Our research intends to bridge the gap between the performance of FOEs, micro-level analysis, and resilience.
CORRELATION OF BRAIN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING INCLUDING DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING WITH NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOME IN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG) PATIENTS

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the new lesions on magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging (MRI-DWI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its relationship with neurocognitive outcome. Methods: In this prospective study, bilateral carotid and vertebral Doppler study was done before CABG surgery and the brain MRI protocol including fluid attenuation inversion recovery and DWI was applied 1–4 days before surgery and 6–12 weeks after surgery. Neuropsychological examinations were administered to both groups before and 6–12 weeks after surgery. Results: A total of 66 patients were included in the study. On pre-operative angiogram, CABG had less double-vessel (31.8%) and more triple-vessel disease (65.15%). MRI brain with DWI was performed preoperatively in 50 (75.75%) of 66 CABG patients. Before surgery, no diffusion abnormalities were found on DW images. In those who underwent MRI, no lesions were found in 21 (31.82%) CABG patients. Bilateral small vessel ischemic disease (SVID) or periventricular lucencies was seen in 23 (34.85%) CABG patients. Bilateral SVID with lacunar infarct was seen in 4 (6.06%) CABG patients. Lacunar infarct and wedge infarct were seen in 1 (1.52%) patient each. At follow-up, MRI brain with DWI was performed only in 54 (81.82%) CABG patients. There was no significant change found postoperatively on brain MRI imaging. There was also no significant difference before and after CABG patients in cognitive function. Conclusion: This study concluded that CABG has no relation in the form of brain MRI changes with the cognition function of the patients.
Full-Length Transcriptome and the Identification of lncRNAs Involved in Salicylic Acid-Induced Flowering in Duckweed (Lemna gibba)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial components in regulating the flowering of plants. However, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs underlying salicylic acid (SA)-induced flowering remains unknown in duckweed (e.g., Lemna gibba L.), an aquatic model species with significant potential applications in agriculture and industry. In this work, L. gibba plants were collected at four crucial time points during SA-induced flowering and subjected to PacBio full-length sequencing and strand-specific RNA sequencing. A total of 474 lncRNAs were identified, of which 31 were differentially expressed and involved in SA-induced flowering. A trans-regulatory analysis found that these lncRNAs displayed temporal-specific expression trends and mainly participated in stress metabolism, photosynthesis, jasmonate metabolism, and transport under SA treatment. Five lncRNAs were determined to act as targets of miRNAs that played critical roles in regulating flowering. In addition, fifteen lncRNAs showed co-expression with flowering-related genes, and lncRNA03 and lncRNA25 were identified as key players involved in flowering via lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions. Finally, twelve lncRNAs related to trans-regulation, miRNA targets, or co-expression with flowering-related genes were verified by qRT-PCR. These findings deepen our understanding of lncRNAs in SA-induced flowering in duckweed and provide valuable resources for in-depth functional analysis in the future.
Early relational exclusion and present-day minority stress, social anxiety, and coping responses among sexual minority men

Drawing from minority stress theory, research on ostracism, and the communication of exclusion, this study had two goals. First, we aimed to test how perceptions of early relational exclusion relate to current-day minority stress, coping strategies, and social anxiety among young sexual minority men. Second, we aimed to test the reciprocal within-person associations between present-day minority stress, coping strategies, and social anxiety over a three-month period. Based on a three-wave longitudinal dataset of sexual minority men (N = 254), we tested the hypotheses using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). RI-CLPMs partition variance at the between-person (i.e., mean level differences across participants) and within-person (i.e., intra-individual change from typical levels over time) levels, while also allowing for associations between current and past experiences through the inclusion of a person-level (time-invariant) predictor. Findings indicated that perception of early relational exclusion (at the between-person level) is positively associated with present-day reports of minority stress, maladaptive coping, and social anxiety. Further, in addition to between-person associations among minority stress, maladaptive coping, and social anxiety, model results indicated a within-person longitudinal association between maladaptive coping and social anxiety. As discussed, this study advances theory on minority stress from a relational communication lens, and has implications for practitioners working with sexual minority youth.
Nitrogen balances for New York State: Implications for manure and fertilizer management

New York (NY) has dairy, cash grain, fruit, and vegetable industries located in close proximity to water, making it important to optimize manure and fertilizer use for both economic production of crops and protection of the environment. The gross phosphorus (P) balance for NY (manure and fertilizer P minus crop P removal) estimated for 2006 was +1.7 kg ha−1 (+1.5 lb ac−1), indicating that, on a statewide basis, P is in balance. Our objectives in this study were to (1) estimate state, regional, and county-level gross nitrogen (N) balances for NY for 2007; (2) evaluate N balance trends over time (1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007); (3) estimate nonlegume cropland (net) N balances for 2007; and (4) quantify the potential impact of improved herd nutrition and manure incorporation on N balances. The 2007 NY gross N balance for nonlegume cropland was +62 kg ha−1 (+55 lb ac−1). Long Island and western NY had the highest N balances (+101 and +77 kg ha−1 [+90 and +69 lb ac−1], respectively) reflecting N fertilizer use for horticultural and/or cash grain crops (both regions) and presence of a concentrated dairy industry (western NY). The Chesapeake Bay watershed and Lake Champlain Basin counties had gross N balances below +28 kg ha−1 (+25 lb ac−1). The statewide N balance decreased from +125 kg ha−1 (+112 lb ac−1) in 1987 to +62 kg ha−1 (+55 lb ac−1) in 2007, largely driven by a decline in N fertilizer use between 1987 and 1992. The statewide N balance dropped to −38 kg ha−1 (−34 lb ac−1) when manure N losses in the barn and storage system and at land application were taken into account. Given a nearly zero P balance, a negative N balance indicates the need for best management practices that increase N use efficiency of manure and fertilizer and/or add N from other sources (cover crops, greater reliance on N fixation, shorter rotations). Improvement in herd nutrition through precision feeding has the potential to increase N use efficiency of surface applied manure and thus reduce N loss to the environment. However, such improvements will also reduce the total amount of N excreted and decrease the N:P ratio of the manure. Best management practices that reduce N loss in the barn and storage system, increase manure and fertilizer N uptake efficiency, and/or reduce N needs will be essential in order to balance N and P for the long-term sustainability of NY agriculture.
A Confirmation of Elemental Factor Toward Perceived Port Quality

There is currently a lack of up-to-date knowledge on the fundamental variables as elemental factors that influence perceived cruise-port quality. This research aims to examine the confirmatory components of those factors in reflective and formative terms in order to develop a set of perceived port quality (PPQ) variables. The study adopts a quantitative research methodology, collecting data via a questionnaire survey. The research sample consisted of 305 respondents, while the collected data were analyzed using GSCA Pro software version 1.1. 6. The research findings reaffirm the elemental factors of perceived port quality (PPQ), constructed from the following five significant categories as first-order constructs, namely cruise terminal facilities, port service encounter performance, port location, ground port transportation, and physical port environment quality. These were assessed through the 36 observed variables in this study, which included significant reflective and formative constructs. Executives, cruise tourism managers, and ports, will be able to use the results of the study as guidelines for designing policies and strategies to develop cruise tourism in the port area. Meanwhile, academics may employ these sets of variables to examine in combination with other factors in future research.
Editorial: Neuromodulation and neural technologies for sight restoration

electrical stimulation on functional and directional connectivity in visual and non-visual brain cortices of RD mice. The results showed that transient stimulation did not signiﬁcantly alter brain connectivity, but 1-week post-stimulation revealed increased theta-gamma coupling and enhanced coherence and connectivity in theta, alpha, and beta
INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN MAJOR ABDOMINAL SURGERIES AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN DELHI

Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the third commonly stated nosocomial infections, with the prevalence rate of 14–16%. In India, the prevalence of SSIs in elective surgeries ranged from 3.83% to 39% and in cases of emergency surgeries, the prevalence ranged from 12.41% to 26.4%. This study was aimed to measure the occurrence of SSIs amid subjects experiencing major abdominal surgeries at tertiary care center in Delhi and to assess the predictors related to occurrence of SSIs in these subjects. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected over a period of 1 year at the Department of Surgery, Super Specialty Hospital in New Delhi. The, from January 2017 to January 2018. All major gastrointestinal surgeries were considered. Sociodemographic details, clinical history, and surgical details were taken. Results: Out of total 626 patients, 42 (6.7%) developed SSIs. The positive predictors of SSIs in our study were male gender, American Society of Anesthesiology grade of 2 and above, wound class of two and above, longer duration of surgery, emergency surgery, open surgery, laparoscopic converted to open surgery, presence of comorbidities, presence of hypoalbuminemia, and hypoproteinemia. Conclusion: SSIs seems to be a common source of perioperative morbidity and mortality, leading to increased hospital stay and cost of treatment. Proper planning and accordingly managing such case by case scenarios can lead to decreased incidence of SSIs and help reducing burden to the health system.
Ferroelectric FET-Based Time-Mode Multiply-Accumulate Accelerator: Design and Analysis

General-purpose multiply-accumulate (MAC) accelerators have become inevitable in the internet-of-things (IoT) edge devices for performing computationally intensive tasks such as deep learning, signal processing, and combinatorial optimization. The throughput and the energy-efficiency of the conventional digital processors and MAC accelerators are limited due to their sparse design owing to the von-Neumann architecture. Although mixed-signal time-mode MAC accelerators utilizing emerging non-volatile memories appear promising owing to their ability to perform in-memory MAC operation via the physical laws, their application is limited due to their incompatibility and complex integration with the CMOS process, high sensitivity to process variations, large operating voltage/cell currents, etc. To mitigate these issues, in this work, we propose a time-mode MAC accelerator based on ferroelectric-FinFETs with CMOS-compatible doped-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text {HfO}_{{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the gate-stack. Our rigorous analysis reveals a trade-off between the performance metrics such as computational precision, area- and energy-efficiency of the proposed MAC accelerator. Therefore, we provide the necessary design guidelines to further optimize the performance. Extensive design space exploration and simulations exploiting an experimentally calibrated compact model for the doped <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text {HfO}_{{2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ferroelectric capacitor along with experimentally calibrated baseline FinFET model for 14 nm-technology indicates that the proposed MAC accelerator exhibits an energy-efficiency of 800 TeraOperations/Joule, a considerably high area-efficiency of 12.607 bits/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text {m}^{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (including I/O peripheral circuitry), and a throughput of 2.5 TeraOp/s while supporting a 4-bit MAC operation for a square weight matrix of size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200\times200$ </tex-math></inline-formula> which is sufficient for realistic inference tasks.