Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material to "Modelling the gas–particle partitioning and water uptake of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol at high and low relative humidity"

Abstract. This study presents a characterization of the hygroscopic growth behaviour and effects of different inorganic seed particles on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from the dark ozone-initiated oxidation of isoprene at low NOx conditions. We performed simulations of isoprene oxidation using a gas-phase chemical reaction mechanism based on the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) in combination with an equilibrium gas–particle partitioning model to predict the SOA concentration. The equilibrium model accounts for non-ideal mixing in liquid phases, including liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), and is based on the AIOMFAC model for mixture non-ideality and the EVAPORATION model for pure compound vapour pressures. Measurements from the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber experiments conducted at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for isoprene ozonolysis cases, were used to aid in parameterizing the SOA yields at different atmospherically relevant temperatures, relative humidity (RH) and reacted isoprene concentrations. To represent the isoprene ozonolysis-derived SOA, a selection of organic surrogate species is introduced in the coupled modelling system. The model predicts a single, homogeneously mixed particle phase at all relative humidity levels for SOA formation in the absence of any inorganic seed particles. In the presence of aqueous sulfuric acid or ammonium bisulfate seed particles, the model predicts LLPS to occur below ~80 % RH, where the particles consist of an inorganic-rich liquid phase and an organic-rich liquid phase; however, with significant amounts of bisulfate and water partitioned to the organic-rich phase. The measurements show an enhancement in the SOA amounts at 85 % RH compared to 35 % RH for both the seed-free and seeded cases. The model predictions of RH-dependent SOA yield enhancements at 85 % RH vs. 35 % RH are 1.80 for a seed-free case, 1.52 for the case with ammonium bisulfate seed and 1.06 for the case with sulfuric acid seed. Predicted SOA yields are enhanced in the presence of an aqueous inorganic seed, regardless of the seed type (ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate or sulfuric acid) in comparison with seed-free conditions at the same RH level. We discuss the comparison of model-predicted SOA yields with a selection of other laboratory studies on isoprene SOA formation conducted at different temperatures and for a variety of reacted isoprene concentrations.
GENERALIDADES SOBRE LAS SEMILLAS: SU PRODUCCIÓN, CONSERVACIÓN Y ALMACENAMIENTO

Seeds are plant sexual reproduction unit aimed to multiply and perpetuate the species to which they belong; thus, they are one of the most effective elements to be dispersed both in time and space. Seeds constitute the perennial mechanism that let plants endure from one generation to another. They are also plant moving unit. Seeds are the means by which, even in a passive way, plants find new sites and microenvironments. Every crop must take into account seed quality for its success. Seeds are the starting point for production and it is essential to have a good response under sowing conditions to release vigorous seedlings for achieving top yield. From a sustainable viewpoint, it is impossible to get a good harvest if it does not come from a quality seed, since any crop may have a lower quality than the seed sown, but it is never better than it. Undoubtedly, a good quality seed represents the quintessential strategic input that allows supporting agricultural activities, so enabling significantly to improve its production in terms of quality and profitability. Therefore, the works aimed at stimulating and extending germination and subsequent seed preservation are of great scientific and technical interest, to raise sustainable crop productivity and face environmental changes more appropriately. RESUMEN. Las semillas son la unidad de reproduccion sexual de las plantas y tienen la funcion de multiplicar y perpetuar la especie a la que pertenecen, siendo uno de los elementos mas eficaces para que esta se disperse en tiempo y espacio. Cons- tituyen el mecanismo de perennizacion por el que las plantas perduran generacion tras generacion. Son tambien la unidad movil de la planta. Las semillas son el medio a traves del cual, aun de manera pasiva, las plantas encuentran nuevos sitios y microambientes. En todo cultivo es imprescindible tener en cuenta la calidad de la semilla para su exito. Las semillas son el punto de partida para la produccion y es indispensable que tenga una buena respuesta en las condiciones de siembra y que produzca plantulas vigorosas, para alcanzar el maximo rendimiento. Desde un punto de vista sustentable, es imposible obtener una buena cosecha si no se parte de una semilla de calidad, ya que un cultivo puede resultar de una calidad inferior a la semilla sembrada, pero nunca mejor que ella. Indiscutiblemente, la semilla de buena calidad representa el insumo estrategico por excelencia que permite sustentar las actividades agricolas, contribuyendo significativamente a mejorar su produccion en terminos de calidad y rentabilidad. Por tal motivo, son de gran interes cientifico-tecnico los trabajos encaminados a estimular y prolongar la germinacion y posterior conservacion de las semillas, para poder elevar la productividad de los cultivos de forma sostenible y enfrentar los cambios en el entorno de manera mas apropiada.
Stratospheric Injection of Massive Smoke Plume From Canadian Boreal Fires in 2017 as Seen by DSCOVR‐EPIC, CALIOP, and OMPS‐LP Observations

A carbonaceous aerosol plume associated with wildfires in British Columbia in August 2017 reached the stratosphere a few days following the fires onset. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) sensor onboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite observed the spatial and temporal evolution of the plume for about 6 weeks. EPIC's near‐hourly observations of the Earth's sunlit disk allowed for monitoring the smoke plume several times per day. High ultraviolet aerosol index values pointed to the presence of an aerosol layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, confirmed with Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar observations. EPIC aerosol optical depth retrievals and CALIOP information on layer height were used to estimate the stratospheric portion of the aerosol mass, reaching a maximum of 268 ± 86 Kt 3 days after the onset of the wildfires. About 10% of this aerosol mass reached the stratosphere on 13 August, whereas the remaining 90% did so over the following 2 days. Observed daytime and inferred nighttime rates of stratospheric aerosol mass increase showed a more rapid daytime increase, consistent with variability in diurnal insolation, suggesting that solar radiation driven processes may have contributed to the observed stratospheric aerosol mass increase. Global modeling results support the possible role of diabatic aerosol self‐lofting. Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS‐LP) aerosol retrievals showed the spread of stratospheric aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere, reaching peak concentration between October 2017 and January 2018, when about half the Northern Hemisphere experienced a detectable enhancement of stratospheric aerosols with respect to preinjection conditions. The lifetime and aerosol mass of this smoke event were comparable to those of a moderate volcanic eruption.
Compound 49b Reduces Inflammatory Markers and Apoptosis after Ocular Blast Injury

Abstract : In year 1 of this project, we determined whether Compound 49b, a novel beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, could prevent increased inflammatory and apoptosis proteins in mice after exposure to ocular blast. Eyes from C57/BL6 mice were exposed to a blast of air from a paintball gun at 26psi. Eyes were collected at 4, 24, and 72 hours after blast exposure. In a subset of mice, Compound 49b eye drops (1mM dose) were applied within 4 hours, 24 hours, or 72 hours after blast. Three days after exposure to blast, all mice were sacrificed. One eye was used for protein analyses of TNF , IL-1 , Bax, Bcl-xL, caspase 3, and cytochrome C. The other eye was used for TUNEL labeling of apoptotic cells, which were co-labeled with NeuN to stain for retinal ganglion cells. We found that ocular exposure to 26psi of air pressure led to a significant increase in both inflammatory and apoptotic proteins. When Compound 49b was applied within 4 or 24 hours after blast, it mitigated the increase in inflammatory and apoptotic proteins. Ocular blast produces a significant increase in inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in the retina, specifically in retinal ganglion cells. These proteins are reduced after treatment with a topical betaadrenergic receptor agonist. This data suggests local application of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists may be protective in ocular blast.
Ocena przydatności odmian i ekotypów wiechliny łąkowej (Poa pratensis) na trawniki niskonakładowe (ekstensywne)

W latach 2003–2005 oceniano zmienność wśród odmian i ekotypów wiechliny łąkowej (Poa pratensis L.) w reakcji na ekstensywne użytkowanie trawnikowe. Materiałem do badan były: 33 odmiany z Europy i USA oraz 50 ekotypów zebranych w Polsce. Oceniano następujące cechy: ogólny aspekt estetyczny i zadarnienie w sezonach wiosna, lato, jesień, odporność na naturalną infekcję grzybów powodujących choroby oraz trwałość po trzech latach użytkowania. Wykonywano pomiary szerokości liścia flagowego (cm), wysokości odrastania po koszeniu (cm) i powierzchnię zajętą przez genotypy wraz z rozprzestrzenionymi rozłogami (cm2) jesienią. Potwierdzono, że wiechlina łąkowa jest gatunkiem mało przydatnym na trawniki ekstensywnie pielęgnowane. Odmiany i ekotypy różniły się znacznie pod względem cech użytkowych i reakcją na ekstensywną pielęgnację. Wybrano kilka genotypów dających zadowalający aspekt estetyczny trawników (od 6,6 do 7,2 w skali 1–9). Na walory estetyczne trawników oraz ich trwałość największy wpływ miały takie cechy jak: odporność na choroby, szczególnie na rdzę żółtą (Puccinia striiformis), zadarnianie (zagęszczenie darni) i zdolność do rozprzestrzeniania się przez rozłogi. Najmniej trwałe okazały się genotypy szybko i wysoko odrastające po koszeniu.
Transportation of the Coastal Marine Leech Limnotrachelobdella okae (Hirudinida, Piscicolidae) to a River by Adult Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

Live specimens of the piscicolid leech Limnotrachelobdella okae (Moore, 1924) were found in October 2003 and 2007 on sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka kept at an aquarium in Hokkaido, northern Japan. These salmon returned as adults for spawning from the North Pacific Ocean to a river in Hokkaido in the summer of these years and were provided to the aquarium after they were kept for a few months in a springwater pond. The leeches are considered to have been carried by O. nerka from the sea to the river and since have survived in fresh water. Oncorhynchus nerka is a new host of L. okae.
Control of McKean-Vlasov systems and applications

This thesis deals with the study of optimal control of McKean-Vlasov dynamics and its applications in mathematical finance. This thesis contains two parts. In the first part, we develop the dynamic programming (DP) method for solving McKean-Vlasov control problem. Using suitable admissible controls, we propose to reformulate the value function of the problem with the law (resp. conditional law) of the controlled state process as sole state variable and get the flow property of the law (resp. conditional law) of the process, which allow us to derive in its general form the Bellman programming principle. Then by relying on the notion of differentiability with respect to probability measures introduced by P.L. Lions [Lio12], and Ito’s formula along measure-valued processes, we obtain the corresponding Bellman equation. At last we show the viscosity property and uniqueness of the value function to the Bellman equation. In the first chapter, we summarize some useful results of differential calculus and stochastic analysis on the Wasserstein space. In the second chapter, we consider the optimal control of nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems in discrete time of McKean-Vlasov type. The third chapter focuses on the stochastic optimal control problem of McKean-Vlasov SDEs without common noise in continuous time where the coefficients may depend upon the joint law of the state and control. In the last chapter, we are interested in the optimal control of stochastic McKean-Vlasov dynamics in the presence of common noise in continuous time.In the second part, we propose a robust portfolio selection model, which takes into account ambiguity about both expected rate of return and correlation matrix of multiply assets, in a continuous-time mean-variance setting. This problem is formulated as a mean-field type differential game. Then we derive a separation principle for the associated problem. Our explicit results provide an explanation to under-diversification, as documented in empirical studies.
A Place for the Nature of Biology in Biology Education

Advancements in fields like genetics, medicine, and conservation ecology have established the prominent role of biology among the sciences in the 21st century. Despite its current importance, the life sciences have been overshadowed by the methods and philosophy of the physical sciences. Although the nature of biology and the physical sciences share many common aspects, the focus of biology – life – has generated diverse perspectives in relationship to such topics as essentialism, determinism, and ethics. With the release of the Framework for K-12 Science Education , the time is right to explore how unique aspects of the nature of biology might contribute to students’ understanding of core disciplinary ideas, crosscutting concepts, and scientific practices. This position paper synthesizes existing literatures to highlight diverse and sometimes contested perspectives of the nature of biology, how these perspectives are in some ways similar to the physical sciences and in other ways quite different, why these differences matter for biology education, and opportunities and obstacles for the integration of the nature of biology into biology classrooms.
A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae

The Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff (1924), as classified here, comprises 38 species distributed among three subgenera (Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff, Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff, and Coprophanaeus s. str.) and eight species groups. Keys presented help to identify supraspecific and species taxa, all of which are illustrated and diagnosed. Lectotypes are designated for Phanaeus ignecinctus Felsche and Phanaeus ohausi Felsche. Coprophanaeus corythus (Harold), formerly regarded as a subspecies of C. telamon (Erichson), assumes species status. Coprophanaeus magnoi Arnaud, described as a subspecies of C. milon (Blanchard), is raised to species status. New taxonomic interpretations result in 10 new subjective synonymies (junior synonym listed first): Phanaeus machadoi Pereira and d'Andretta = Coprophanaeus saphirinus (Perty); Phanaeus costatus Olsoufieff = Coprophanaeus cyanescens (Olsoufieff); Phanaeus worontzowi Pessoa and Lane = Coprophanaeus cyanescens (Olsoufieff); Coprophanaeus kohlmanni Arnaud = Coprophanaeus morenoi Arnaud; Coprophanaeus pluto nogueirai Arnaud = Coprophanaeus pluto (Harold); Coprophanaeus edmondsi Arnaud = Coprophanaeus conocephalus (Olsoufieff); Coprophanaeus uhleri Malý and Pokorný = Coprophanaeus chiriquensis (Olsoufieff); Coprophanaeus henryi Malý and Pokorný = Coprophanaeus gilli Arnaud; Phanaeus perseus Harold = Coprophanaeus corythus (Harold); Coprophanaeus telamon nevinsoni Arnaud and Gamez = Coprophanaeus corythus; and Coprophanaeus florenti Arnaud = Coprophanaeus ohausi (Felsche). The status of the following names remains unresolved: Phanaeus strandi Balthasar; Coprophanaeus rigoutorum Arnaud; C. terrali Arnaud; C. lichyi Arnaud; C. lecromi Arnaud; C. larseni Arnaud; and C. vazdemeloi Arnaud.
The Effect of Amoebic Gill Disease and Hypoxia on Survival and Metabolic Rate of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

AGD affected fish showed reduced survival following a 50% oxygen saturation hypoxic challenge (21.4% survival) compared with 88.9% survival of non-affected fish. The metabolic rates of AGD affected and non-affected fish were not significantly different under normoxic conditions. AGD-affected fish showed a significant reduction in metabolic rate under hypoxia compared with normoxia. These results suggest that hypoxia may not be the most significant factor leading to mortality with AGD but rather that there maybe some scope for metabolic compensation.
Weight Loss and Nutrient Dynamics during Leaf Litter Decomposition of Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora at Mt. Worak National Park

ABSTRACT : Weight loss and nutrient dynamics of oak and pine leaf litter during decomposition were inves-tigated from December 2005 through June 2008 at Mt. Worak National Park as a part of National Long-Term Ecological Research Program in Korea. The decay constant ( k ) of oak and pine leaf litter were 0.314 and 0.217, respectively. After 30 months decomposition, remaining weight of oak and pine leaf litter was 45.5% and 58.1%, respectively. Initial C/N ratio of oak and pine leaf litter was 53.4 and 153.0, respectively. Carbon % of initial oak and pine leaf litter was similar with each other; however, nitrogen content of initial oak leaf litter (0.85%) was greater than that of initial pine leaf litter (0.33%). N and P concentration in both decomposing leaf litter increased significantly during decomposition. There was no net N and P mineralization period in decomposing pine leaf litter. K, Ca and Mg concentration in both decomposing leaf litter showed different pattern with those of N and P. After 30 months decomposition, remaining nutrients in oak and pine leaf litter were 97.7 and 216.2% for N, 123.2 and 216.5% for P, 39.3 and 44.8% for K, 47.9 and 40.6% for Ca, 30.7 and 51.2% for Mg, respectively.
Armillaria socialis - morphological-anatomical and ecological characteristics, pathology, distribution in the Czech Republic and Europe and remarks on its genetic variation

Armillaria socialis belongs to subgen. Desarmillaria. Its correct specific name (in comparison with the frequently used name A. tabescens) is discussed, and its detailed macro and microscopic description and distribution in the Czech Republic and Europe are given. It is a thermophilic species occurring in Europe, USA, Japan and China. The northern distributional limit in Europe runs through Central Europe. In the Czech Republic, A. socialis occurs in thermophilic oak stands and also in alluvial forests. It was found on oaks, field maple and ash. A molecular study using sequence data from ribosomal DNA (ITS region) revealed a relatively high intraspecific genetic variation among sequences of A. socialis from various localities of the Czech Republic and France. The results resemble those published earlier from the USA.
An Econometric Analysis of the Relationship between Changes in Government Bonds, Exchange Rate and Inflation Dynamics in South Africa

The study examined the dynamic interaction between government bonds, exchange rate and inflation in South Africa. The study follows a quantitative research method, using monthly time series data from 2007 to 2017 within the framework of a Vector Autoregressive Analysis (VAR). Evidence from the empirical analysis shows that government bond accounts for significant variation in the exchange rate and inflation rate within the study period. The causality test also suggests the presence of uni-directional causal relationships from government bonds to exchange rate, and also to the inflation rate. The principal conclusion that emanates from the empirical analysis is that government bonds are an important policy instrument in the management of the exchange rate and the inflation rate in South Africa. The study recommends that the South African Reserve Bank is a coordinator of government bond and should carry out an in-depth analysis of the economic conditions before issuing the government bonds, taking into account its impeding effects on the exchange rate and inflation rate and many other macroeconomic variables.
Helpers influence on territory use and maintenance in Alpine marmot groups

In social mammals, territory size and shape vary according to the number and strength of neighbour individuals competing for resources. Two main theories have been proposed to explain this variability: the Group Augmentation (GA) and the realized Resource Holding Potential (rRHP) hypotheses. The first states that the outcome of the interactions among groups depends on the total number of individuals in the group while the second states that only the number of animals directly involved in intergroup competition determines this outcome. We collected data on space use of individually tagged Alpine marmots ( Marmota marmota), a cooperative breeding species that overlaps part of its territory with neighbouring groups. In accordance with the rRHP hypothesis, we found that groups having higher proportion of helpers, rather than higher total number of individuals, had lower percentage of the territory overlapping with neighbouring groups and a larger area available for individual exclusive use.
Immunohistoc hemical localization of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Pleomorphic Adenoma of Salivary Gland: Correlation with Cyclooxygenase-2 and Tumor Proliferative Activity

Objectives: to investigate immunohistochemically localization pattern and distribution ofinducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in pleomorphic adenoma (PA ) of salivary glands and tofind a correlation of its expression with Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX -2) and tumor proliferative activity.Material and Methods: 18 cases of PA were subjected to immunohistochemical stainingfor iNOS, COX-2 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using streptavidin-peroxidasetechnique. 10 samples of normal salivary glands tissues (NSG) were used as a control. COX-2,iNOS and PCNA expression were statistically compared.Results: in PA , expression of iNOS was increased as that of COX-2 when compared withthe control. The expression intensity and pattern of distribution of studied proteins were differentwithin the tumor tissue. The strong expression was localized mainly at the tumor periphery whilethe center of tumor showed weak or even negative expression. The PCNA-LI mean percentage washigher in the periphery of the tumors. The low expression scores of iNOS were detected in 4 cases,moderate in 5 cases and high in 7 cases, whereas the expression scores of COX-2 were observed in5 cases (low), in 9 cases (moderate) and 5 cases (high). The expression scores of iNOs and COX-2were significantly correlated (P≤0.05). Significant correlation of expression scores of COX -2 andiNOS with PCNA-LI (P≤0.01) were found.Conclusion: this study revealed that COX -2 and iNOS expression was increased significantlyin PA . Their pattern of expression was more in the periphery of the lesion than the center. Thelabelling index of PCNA was higher in the periphery of the lesion indicating that the tumorousand proliferative activity of PA is more at tumor tissues near the margins suggesting that theaggressiveness of PA is at the tumor peripheries.