Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International trade and labor reallocation : misclassification errors , mobility , and switching costs ECONOMIC RESEARCH

Over the last few decades, international trade has increased at a rapid pace, altering domestic production and labor demand in different sectors of the economy. A growing literature has studied the heterogeneous effects of trade shocks on workers’ industry and occupation employment and on welfare when reallocation decisions are costly. The estimated effects critically depend on data on workers’ reallocation patterns, which is typically plagued with coding errors. In this paper, I study the consequences of misclassification errors for estimates of the labor market effects of international trade and show that structural parameter values and the estimated effects are biased when the analysis uses uncorrected data. I develop an econometric framework to jointly estimate misclassification probabilities, corrected mobility matrices, and structural parameters in a unified way. Under different model specifications, I compare how the estimated effects of a trade shock differ on whether the analysis uses correct mobility measures and parameters. The results show that estimated employment and welfare effects of a trade shock are substantially different, raising an important warning for quantitative exercises using mobility data with coding errors.
Critical Bone Gap Repair using Autologous Adipose Derived Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Graft

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: April 10, 2021 June 16, 2021 June 22, 2021 July 03, 2021 Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) have been comprehensively reviewed for bone tissue engineering along with different biomaterials. However, the use of canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) embedded in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel can be a novel technique for critical-sized bone defect healing in the canine species. The present study evaluated the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) derived MSCs for growth kinetics, expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 surface antigens, and bilineage differentiation along with gene expression studies. Moreover, cMSCs were entrapped in PRP gel (cMSCs-PRP gel) and implanted in 4mm induced radial bone defect. The IPFP-MSCs showed a significantly (P<0.007) higher proliferation rate on the 6 and 9 days than on the 3 day of culture. Furthermore, MSCs harvested from IPFP showed positive expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105 surface antigens. The significant (P=0.004) increase in the accumulation of intra-cytoplasmic fat droplets indicated that cMSCs successfully differentiated into adipocytes, while the extracellular deposition of hydroxyapatite minerals and significantly (P˂0.003) higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity indicates the osteogenic lineage differentiation. Radiographic analysis after transplantation showed that the cMSCsPRP-gel composite material can fill bone defects quickly compared with the PRP-gel alone. Moreover, the histological analysis of bone gap filled with MSCs-PRP-gel composite exhibited the presence of bony structure as well as osteoblasts and less fibrous tissue. In conclusion, our findings recommend that the cMSCs-PRP gel combination is a suitable choice for the healing of critical-sized bone defect.
Food habits and biolimnology of snakehead larvae and fingerlings from different habitats

Snakehead (Channa striata) is widely distributed particularly in Asian and African countries, and has become one of the favorite freshwater fish commodities, which beneficially supports the aquaculture sector and fish processing industries. However, high mortality rate, slow growth and susceptibility to parasite attacks are serious problems. This study aims to investigate the food habits related to biolimnology parameters of snakehead larvae and fingerlings as a fundamental input for better aquaculture management. The study sites were located at Danau Bangkau Village (monotonous swamp), Anjir Muara Village (tidal swamp) and Sungai Batang Village (streams) of South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The food habits of the larvae were studied with the plankton habitat analytical approach, while those of the fingerlings (48-74 mm and 3.4-7.7 g) were analyzed using the Index of Preponderance. The results showed that the larvae mostly consumed chlorophyta (31.11%), followed by chrysophyta (19.11%), cyanophyta (14.67%), protozoa (14.67%), crustaceae (10.22%), rotifera (8.89%) and insecta (1.33%), while the fingerlings preferred small fish (61.05%) rather than frogs (15.06%), mollusks (11.47%), crustaceans (10.35%), and worms (1.67%). The fingerling males were more susceptible to parasites attacks compared to females. The parasite population was dominated by Lernea sp. , Argulus sp. , Gyrodactylus sp. and Ichthyophthirius sp. The abundance of plankton was categorized in the moderated fertility level, and water quality parameters were in the tolerant range for the growth and survival of the larvae and fingerlings.
Optimal Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Firms

We analyze optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian model with heterogeneous firms. Firms differ in their productivity and net worth, and face collateral constraints which cause capital misallocation. TFP is endogenous in this economy and it depends on the productivity distribution of firms. We introduce a new algorithm to compute optimal policies in continuous-time heterogeneousagent models. Our results show that a central bank without pre-comittments engineers an unexpected monetary expansion to increase the profits of most productive firms, allowing them to relax their financial constraints. This reduces capital misallocation and increases TFP. Contrary to the case with complete markets, in the event of a cost-push shock the central bank leans with the wind to increase demand and reduce misallocation.
Wavelet domain least squares deconvolution for ultrasonic backscattered signals

In biomedical ultrasound, it is often required to eliminate the spectral shaping caused by the transducer from the backscattered signal to obtain the pure tissue response for diagnostic purposes. Here, the authors deconvolve ultrasonic backscattered signals using a least squares deconvolution method in the wavelet domain. The ultrasonic echo is often modeled as the convolution of the transducer impulse response and the response of the medium. The authors solve this deconvolution problem by estimating a filter which approximates the inverse of the transducer impulse response. Therefore, applying this filter to the echo yields the tissue response and applying it to the transducer impulse response results in an impulse function. In this work, the authors assume that the tissue response exhibits 1/f type spectral behavior. Hence, they use the wavelet transform in the deconvolution algorithm for the 1/f signals, which has the useful property that the logarithm of the variance of the wavelet coefficients in each stage progresses linearly. Initially the authors estimate a rough inverse filter using the transducer impulse response. Then, they optimize this filter by minimizing an error criterion defined by using the linear progression property of the logarithmic variance of the wavelet coefficients for the 1/f signals. The authors present the error minimization algorithm and the deconvolution results for tissue mimicking phantom data.
Soybean treated plots residual effect on growth and yield performance of maize crop in Sudan and Guinea Savanna zones in Northern Nigeria

An experiment was conducted in 2016 cropping season to evaluate residual effect of legumes experimental treatments on maize crop yield at the fields that were used for soybean the previous year at the two agroecological zones (Sudan savanna and Guinea savanna). After clearing and land preparations, experimental plots were demarcated. Plots size was 4 by 4.5m. There were seven treatments replicated four times, each for soybean and groundnut. Maize grain yield showed no significant difference between treatments in terms of maize yield). Result from Sudan savanna soybean field revealed no significant difference between treatments in terms of maize yield (P = 0.123). As for harvest index, there is significant difference (P =0.023) between treatments. On contrast result obtained from Guinea savanna soybean field showed that significant difference exists between treatments. nitrogen treatment recorded highest yield (2175 kg ha). Result for major nutrients uptake in maize shoot showed no any significant difference between all the treatments observed in soybean www.ijcrt. org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 6 June 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2106803 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt. org g680 fields at both Sudan savanna and Guinea savanna. From the finding of this study it can be concluded that. Result indicated that residual effect of leguminous crop treatments influenced yield performance of maize in Guinea savanna but no significant difference was observed in Sudan savanna.
PEER-TO-PEER (P2P) LENDING PLATFORM ADOPTION FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs): A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Peer to Peer (P2P) Lending platform has been alternative financing which minimized the barriers occurred in credit transaction by traditional banks and financial institutions. This platform should have been a solution for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with limited access to finance due to their complex characteristics. However, the number of loan transaction incurred in P2P lending platforms in Indonesia is still considered low compared to the number of SMEs scattered around Indonesia. Thus, this study is conducted to determine the factors affect the adoption of P2P lending as perceived by SMEs, along with the relationships. The factors that are considered to be SMEs preferences in finding the source of finance through P2P lending are Loan Process, Interest Rate, Process Cost, Amount of Loan, and Loan Application Flexibility (Saini, 2011). These five factors will then be used as independent variables to assess the adoption of P2P Lending Platform using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The results of this study will be useful as the information to generate recommendations for the P2P companies for their future implementation and also the government related to the regulations to optimize the use of the P2P lending platform to support the development of SMEs in Indonesia.
Recovering Latent Causal Factor for Generalization to Distributional Shifts

Distributional shifts between training and target domains may degrade the prediction accuracy of learned models, mainly because these models often learn features that possess only correlation rather than causal relation with the output. Such a correlation, which is known as “spurious correlation” statistically, is domain-dependent hence may fail to generalize to unseen domains. To avoid such a spurious correlation, we propose La tent C ausal I nvariance M odels (LaCIM) that speciﬁes the underlying causal structure of the data and the source of distributional shifts, guiding us to pursue only causal factor for prediction. Speciﬁcally, the LaCIM introduces a pair of correlated latent factors: (a) causal factor and (b) others, while the extent of this correlation is governed by a domain variable that characterizes the distributional shifts. On the basis of this, we prove that the distribution of observed variables conditioning on latent variables is shift-invariant. Equipped with such an invariance, we prove that the causal factor can be recovered without mixing information from others, which induces the ground-truth predicting mechanism. We propose a Variational-Bayesian-based method to learn this invariance for prediction. The utility of our approach is veriﬁed by improved generalization to distributional shifts on various real-world data. Our code is freely available at https://github.com/wubotong/LaCIM .
THE OPTIMAL THERMAL DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS USING ENERGY SIMULATION AND FUZZY SETS THEORY

The introduction of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in Poland established minimal building energy performance requirements for new and retrofitted buildings without changing the U-value requirement for the building envelope in the building code. This change in the Polish law has sometimes caused investors to draw the wrong conclusions about thermal standards for single-family residences. With this in mind, this paper seeks to optimise the thermal performance of buildings using both fuzzy sets and Zadeh probability with simple hourly 6R1C building energy simulation. An optimal design is important especially for victims of a recent flood who are constructing new housing and face multiple objective constraints.
BANK SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND RETURN ON EQUITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

A progressive banking sector withstands negative economic shocks and helps in enhancing the stability of the financial system. The return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya has been experiencing a decline. The decline has brought concerns from different quarters of the financial sector and other stakeholders. The study aimed at establishing the impacts of bank specific characteristics on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of bank size, management efficiency and asset quality on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. The study focused on 43 banks listed by CBK at 2017. The study was based on casual research design. The study focused the period 2014 to 2017, where panel regression analysis was used. The outcome from the examination was that bank size and management efficiency have significant positive effect on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. Asset quality has an insignificant negative effect on return on equity of commercial banks in Kenya. The study therefore recommends that banks should utilizing assets by investing in other ventures to maximize profits and by extension performance. The research suggests that focus should be placed on the banks’ operating income as this in turn raising the banks’ performance. Subsequent studies can replicate this in other segments of the financial sectors by focusing on SACCOs and Micro Finance Institutions.
A STUDY OF FEATURE INTERACTIONS AND PRUNING ON NEURAL NETWORKS

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are very popular nowadays and offer reliable solutions to many classification problems. Recent research indicates that these neural networks might be overparameterized and different solutions have been proposed to reduce the complexity both in the number of parameters and in the training time of the neural networks. Furthermore, some researchers argue that after reducing the neural network complexity via weight selection or pruning, the remaining weights are irrelevant and retraining the sub-network would obtain a comparable accuracy with the original one. This may hold true in vision problems where we always enjoy a large number of training samples and research indicates that most local optima of the convolutional neural networks may be equivalent. However, in non-vision sparse datasets, especially with many irrelevant features where a standard neural network would overfit, this might not be the case and there might be many non-equivalent local optima. In this work, we present empirical evidence for these statements and an empirical study of the learnability of neural networks (NNs) on some challenging non-linear real and simulated data with irrelevant variables. Our simulation experiments indicate that the crossentropy loss function on XOR-like data has many local optima, and the number of local optima grows exponentially with the number of irrelevant variables. We also introduce a novel efficient weight or neuron node selection method to improve the capability of NNs to find a deep local minimum even when there are irrelevant variables. Furthermore, we extend our approach to a network pruning framework that is scalable in dealing with various kinds of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), both on structured and non-structured pruning without sacrificing inference accuracy.
Polymer Wastes and Management in Cities and Towns of Africa and Sustainable Environment: Nigeria's Experience

Abstract: Polymer wastes litter everywhere. The objective of the paper is to assess the quantity and effects in the cities and towns with a view to make suggestions for globule in the risks of resultant environmental degradation for sustainable environment. The plants and facilities for manufacturing were visited. A market each was visited in each of the 7 geographical zones. Market women and dealers were forth coming in the quantity sold per month/year; wastes generated; challenges and means of eluding the challenges. Directors, Environment in the States visited also gave information on the enormity of plastic wastes and their impact. They offered suggestion for sustainable environment. A dump each in 30 Nigerian cities and towns were studied for ten years, 2003 - 2012. Composition, quantity and spread of plastic wastes were studied. Impacts were studied. 80 photographic snaps were taken of polymer wastes and sceneries of visible consequences. Maps, graphs, charts, tables and percentiles were used for data analysis and presentation. Averagely, polymer wastes constitute 28.00% of the wastes found at dumps and around streets, residential, recreational and other public places. They are non-degradable; and every moment, there are additions. On the average, less than 12% are recycled. The recycling is not absolute. A time will come when there may be no substratum for plant growth. They are hide-out and breeding ground for disease vectors, animals and insects; and even, hoodlums; it destroys the aesthetic value of the physical environment: atmosphere, water bodies and soil. There are no special technology nor policies and programmes for special collection, transportation and disposal. Government may have to invest massively on research and development and campaign for reducing, reusing and recycling the polymer wastes. Respecting the urban physical environment for sustainable development in Nigeria and generally in Africa is recommended.
Supplementary Material for “ Noisy Recurrent Neural Networks ”

• ‖ · ‖F denotes Frobenius norm, ‖ · ‖p denote p-norm (p > 0) of a vector/matrix (in particular, ‖v‖ := ‖v‖2 denotes Euclidean norm of the vector v and ‖A‖2 denotes the spectral norm of the matrix A). • The ith element of a vector v is denoted as v or [v] and the (i, j)-entry of a matrix A is denoted as A or [A] . • I denotes identity matrix (the dimension should be clear from the context). • tr denotes trace, the superscript T denotes transposition, and R := (0,∞). • For a function f : R → R such that each of its first-order partial derivatives (with respect to x) exist on R, ∂f ∂x ∈ R m×n denotes the Jacobian matrix of f . • For a scalar-valued function g : R → R, ∇hg denotes gradient of g with respect to the variable h ∈ R and Hhg denotes Hessian of g with respect to h. • The notation a.s. means P-almost surely and E is expectation with respect to P, where P is an underlying probability measure. • For a matrix M , M sym = (M +M )/2 denote its symmetric part, λmin(M) and λmax(M) denote its minimum and maximum eigenvalue respectively, and σmin(M) and σmax(M) denote its minimum and maximum singular value respectively. • For a vector v = (v, . . . , v), diag(v) denotes the diagonal matrix with the ith diagonal entry equal v. • 1 denotes a vector with all entries equal to one. • eij denotes the Kronecker delta. • C(I; J) denotes the space of continuous J-valued functions defined on I . • C(D × I; J) denotes the space of all J-valued functions V (x, t) defined on D × I which are continuously twice differentiable in x ∈ D and once differentiable in t ∈ I .
Effects of virginiamycin and galbanum (Ferula gummosa

33 34 Background: Some medicinal plants can stimulate growth in poultry. Objective: To compare the 35 effects of dietary addition of virginiamycin antibiotic and galbanum plant (Ferula gummosa) on 36 the performance, carcass characteristics, immune system, and blood factors of broiler chickens. 37 Received: March 10, 2021; Accepted: October 8, 2021  Corresponding author: Semnan Opposite Sokan Park, Campus No. 1, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Postal Code: 19111-35131. E-mail: khghazvinian@semnan.ac. ir This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. eISSN: 2256-2958 Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu Methods: A total of 250 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 38 five treatments with five replicates (10 birds per replicate). The treatments were: control (basal 39 diet), virginiamycin (basal diet plus 0.1 g virginiamycin/kg of diet) or one of three levels of 40 galbanum powder (2.5, 5 and 10 g galbanum/kg of diet). Results: Body weight gain, feed intake 41 and feed conversion ratio improved in the groups containing galbanum compared to the other 42 groups (p<0.05). Differences in the percentage of liver, heart and abdominal fat decreased in the 43 treatments containing 5 and 10 g galbanum compared to the control (p<0.05). Spleen weight and 44 antibody titers against Newcastle disease and SRBC were significantly increased in the treatment 45 containing 10 g of galbanum compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). The addition of galbanum 46 powder resulted in a significant decrease in serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and LDL (p<0.05). 47 Additionally, galbanum increased serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and HDL (p<0.05). 48 Conclusion: Galbanum improves performance and the immune system of broiler chickens, and 49 has similar growth promoting effects as virginiamycin. 50
An adaptive high and low impedance fault detection method

An integrated high impedance fault (HIF) and low impedance fault (LIF) detection method is proposed in his paper. For a HIF detection, the proposed technique is based on a number of characteristics of the HIF current. These characteristics are: fault current magnitude; magnitude of the 3rd harmonic current; magnitude of the 5th harmonic current; the angle of the third harmonic current; the angle difference between the third harmonics current and the fundamental voltage; and the negative sequence current of HIF. These characteristics are identified by modeling the distribution feeders in EMTP. Apart from these characteristics, the above ambient (average) negative sequence current is also considered. An adjustable block out region around the average load current is provided. The average load current is calculated at every 18000 cycles (5 minutes) interval. This adaptive feature will not only make the proposed scheme more sensitive to low fault current, but it will also prevent the relay from tripping during the normal load current. In this paper, the logic circuit required for implementing the proposed HIF detection method is also included. With minimal modifications, the logic developed for the HIF detection can be applied to low impedance fault detection. A complete logic circuit which detects both the HIF and LIF is proposed. Using this combined logic, the need of installing separate devices for HIF and LIF detection can be eliminated. >