Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Audit Market Competition Matter to Investors? Evidence from Cost of Bank Financing

This paper studies the effect of audit market competition on the clients' cost of bank loans. Exploiting the demise of Arthur Andersen, which differently reduced the local audit market competition of metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), we find that auditor competition increases the cost of bank loans of auditors' client firms. Further analysis indicates that this effect is more pronounced when external monitoring with respect to financial reporting is weaker and when a client is more economically important to its auditor. The findings are consistent with the auditor-client conflict of interest hypothesis.
MEASURING THE ALLEE EFFECT: POSITIVE DENSITY DEPENDENCE IN SMALL MAMMALS

Positive density dependence (the Allee effect) has numerous implications for the dynamics, distribution, and conservation of populations, but has been considered difficult to measure because it should occur only at small population sizes. Theories of density-dependent habitat selection provide a simple solution. Allee effects produce erratic habitat selection where individuals that initially pack into the better habitat flow rapidly into the poorer one at a threshold density. The instability creates a hiatus or “hole” in abundance along habitat isodars (graphs of density assuming ideal habitat selection). The presence of an Allee effect can be detected easily by calculating the exact probabilities of the observed frequency of data points in the hiatus area with that expected if fitness is positively density dependent at low density. Tests of the theory using rodents occupying mesic and xeric habitats in Canada's Rocky Mountains reveal a clear example of the Allee effect in red-backed voles, and hint at a .
Genetic variation in Costa Rican populations of the tropical timber species Cedrela odorata L., assessed using RAPDs

Cedrela odorata L. (Spanish cedar), an economically important timber species native to the American tropics, is the focus of increasing conservation concern due to high rates of deforestation within its native range. To assess the extent of the genetic diversity within and between populations of this species, samples were obtained from 10 widely dispersed populations within Costa Rica and analysed for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation. Fourteen 10‐mer primers were used to generate 97 polymorphic RAPD bands. Presence/absence data for all bands were subjected to a pairwise genetic distance analysis, according to Jaccard's coefficient, then neighbour‐joining cluster analysis was performed on these distances, as was an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), to assess levels of differentiation between populations and regions, and Shannon's Diversity Index was used to quantify levels of diversity within and between populations. Results indicated highly significant genetic differentiation (P < 0.004, AMOVA) between populations originating from the North Pacific and Atlantic/South Pacific regions of Costa Rica, with 35.3% of the total variation attributable to a difference between these areas. Little differentiation was recorded between populations from within the same region (P= 0.757, AMOVA), and 65.1% of the total variance was attributable to variation within populations. Estimated values for within‐population diversity, calculated as Hpop/Hsp by means of Shannon's Diversity Index, were found to vary greatly between primers, but the overall within‐population component of genetic diversity was 0.45. Possible reasons for the high degree of intraspecific genetic variation within this species are discussed and the implications of these results for the conservation and use of its genetic resources are described.
TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM DEBAT CAPRES PERTAMA 2019 DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN DEBAT DI SMA KELAS X

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) jenis tindak tutur direktif yang terdapat dalam Debat Capres Pertama 2019; (2) fungsi tindak tutur direktifdalam Debat Capres Pertama 2019; (3) kaitannya tindak tutur direktif dengan pembelajaran debat di SMA Kelas X. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Metode dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dan catat.Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Selanjutnya, metode dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode padan pragmatik, teknik dasar yang digunakan yaitu pilih unsur penentu (PUP, dn teknin lanjutan hubung banding menyamakan (HBS). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) jenis tindak tutur direktif meliputi bersumpah, bernazar, berjanji, dan menawarkan; (2) fungsi tindak tutur direktif meliputi 3 jenis fungsi yaitu konvivial, kolaboratif, dan konfliktif; (3) kaitan tindak tutur direktif dengan pembelajaran debat di SMA Kelas X berupa RPP dan Modul sebagai luaran.
The influence of heat and chemical treatment on ruminal disappearance of canola meal

The influence of temperature (125 or 145 °C) and duration (10, 20 or 30 min) of heating, or chemical treatment (acetic (AA) or formic (FA) acid) on in vitro insoluble DM (IDM) and insoluble CP (ICP) and 12 h in situ ruminal disappearance of canola meal was examined. Ruminal disappearances of dry matter (DDM) and crude protein (CPD) were expressed as apparent (ADMD and ACPD), insoluble (IDMD and ICPD) and degradable (DDMD and DCPD). Insoluble DM content was reduced by AA and FA (P < 0.01), while ICP was reduced by FA (P < 0.01). Acid treatment had no effect on in situ DMD or CPD. Heating increased IDM and ICP (P < 0.01). Duration of heating increased ICP at 145 °C (P < 0.01). Apparent DMD was influenced by temperature (P < 0.01) but not duration of heating. Mean ADMD and ACPD for control, 125 and 145 °C were 57.8, 59.6; 36.8, 24.1; and 27.4%, 13.7%, respectively, (P < 0.01). Insoluble and degradable DMD and CPD were reduced by heating (P < 0.01) but the influence of temperature or duration of heating was n.
Frequency of Discrepancy between Bone Marrow Morphology and Immunophenotype in Acute Leukaemia

Background: Acute leukaemia (AL) are a heterogenous group of haematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled clonal proliferation of haematopoietic progenitor cells. Objectives: The study was conducted to have a detailed understanding of immunophenotyping profile, the frequency of discrepancy between bone marrow morphology and immunophenotyping and importance of immunophenotyping in diagnosis of acute leukaemia. Methods: This prospective type of observational study was carried out with an aim to correlate the immunophenotype with bone marrow morphology and to see the discrepancy between this two in acute leukaemia. A total of 38 untreated acute leukemia patients attending in the Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during the period from October 2016 to September 2017were included in this study. At first the morphological diagnosis was done. Then the immunophenotypic profile was compared. Result: Around eighty-two cases of acute leukaemia did find similarity with immunophenotyping and remaining 18.4% shows discrepancy. Diagnosis in this 18.4% changes after immunophenotyping. Aberrant phenotypes were detected in 20 (52.6%) samples among them 13 (34.21%) cases were AML, 3 (7.8%) cases were B-ALL and 4 (10.52%) cases were T-ALL. Significant relation was not found between aberrant marker and FAB subtypes. Conclusion: In acute leukaemia morphological appearance of bone marrow does not always match with immunophenotyping. It is therefore imperative and absolutely essential to ascertain the lineage of leukaemia by immunophenotyping before starting treatment. Key Wards: Acute leukaemia, Discrepancy, Bone Marrow Morphology, Immunophenotype.
Feeding ecology of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus in the Canary islands area

The feeding ecology of juvenile ( 2,6 cm TL) chub mackerel Scomber japonicus was studied off the Canary Islands between March 1988 and May 1989. Copepods were numerically the most abundant prey item, but in terms of mass, mysids were dominant. Diets differ between fish from the Canary Islands and those from the North-West African shelf, which feed mainly on euphausiids. Two shifts in diet occurred with age. Juveniles consumed copepods, appendicularians and small fish, immature fish fed on mysids and copepods, and adults ate a greater proportion of fish.
Male-biased movement in pygmy bluetongue lizards: implications for conservation

Abstract Context. Translocation has become an increasingly common tool in the conservation of species. Understanding the movement patterns of some species can be important to minimise loss of individuals from the translocation release site. Aims. To describe seasonal and sex-biased movements within populations of an endangered Australian lizard. Methods. We monitored seasonal movement in the endangered pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) by using pitfall trapping, with a total of 49 440 trap-nights from three sites over 2 years. Other studies have shown that individual pygmy bluetongue lizards normally remained closely associated with their spider burrow refuges, with very little movement. Thus, we interpreted any captures detected through pitfall trapping as out of burrow movements. We investigated whether there was any seasonal, age or sex bias in moving individuals. Key results. We found that male pygmy bluetongue lizards were more likely to move than were females. After adults, neonates were the second-most captured age class. Spring was the peak movement time for adults, whereas movement of neonates occurred in autumn. Key conclusions. The majority of movement can be attributed to males in the breeding season, whereas females move very little. Implications. The present study provides some baseline data that would allow more informed decisions about the most appropriate individuals in a population to choose for a translocation program and the times to conduct translocations to allow the maximum chance for establishment.
Association of a genetic variant (rs689466) of Cyclooxygenase-2 gene with chronic periodontitis in a sample of Iraqi population

Background: periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease causing destruction of the tooth supporting structures, initiated by dental plaque and modified by environmental and genetic risk factors. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is responsible for the production of prostaglandin E2, an important mediator in the chronic periodontitis (CP) pathogenesis. Polymorphisms in COX-2 gene have linked to CP in different populations. Aim: To study the association between Cyclooxygenase-2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs689466 (-1195A/G SNP) and chronic periodontitis in a sample of Iraqi population. Methods: One hundred Iraqi subjects divided into two groups: case group consisted of 70 CP patient (35 males and 35 females) with age range 30-55 years, and control group consisted of 30 racially matched healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) with age range 30-50 years. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recoded for all participants. 3ml of venous blood was collected from each participant for isolating genomic DNA. Genotyping of the rs689466 in COX-2 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The frequency of G allele carriers was significantly more prevalent in the case group compared to control group (P= 0.041), and allele G was associated with greater susceptibility for chronic periodontitis compared to allele A (OR=1.4). Conclusion: COX-2 (rs689466) polymorphism may be associated with increased chronic periodontitis susceptibility.
Amazon River influence on nitrogen fixation in the western tropical North Atlantic

We measured rates of N- and C-fixation with a direct tracer method in regions of the western tropical North Atlantic influenced by the Amazon River plume during the high flow period of 2010 (May–June 2010). We found distinct regional variations in N-fixation activity, with the lowest rates in the plume proper and the highest rates in the plume margins and in offshore waters. A comparison of our N- and C-fixation measurements showed that the relative contribution of N-fixation to total primary production increased from the plume core toward oceanic waters, and that most of the C-fixation in this system was supported by sources of nitrogen other than those derived from biological N-fixation, or diazotrophy. We complemented these rate experiments with measurements of the δ15N of suspended particles (δ15PN), which documented the important and often dominant role of diazotrophs in supplying nitrogen to particulate organic matter in the water column. These coupled measurements revealed that small phytoplankton contributed more new nitrogen to the particulate nitrogen pool than larger phytoplankton. We used a habitat classification method to assess the fac- tors that control diazotrophic activity and contribution to the suspended particle pool, both of which increased from the plume toward oceanic waters. Our findings provide an important constraint on the role of the Amazon plume in creating distinct niches and roles for diazotrophs in the nutrient and carbon budgets of the western tropical North Atlantic.
Evaluation of Crestal Bone Resorption around Dental Implants in Flapped and Flapless Surgical Techniques Depending on Cone Beam CT Scan (Comparative Study)

Background: The long term survival of dental implants is evaluated by the amount of crestal bone loss around the implants. Some initial loss of bone around dental implants is generally expected. There is reason to believe that reflecting a mucoperiosteal flap promotes crestal bone loss in the initial phase after an implant has been inserted. The surgical placement of a dental implant fixture is constantly changing and in recent years, there has been some interest in developing techniques that minimize the invasive nature of the procedure, with flapless implant surgery being advocated. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic level of the periimplant bone after implant placement between traditional flapped surgery and flapless approach depending on CBCT during 24 weeks healing
Climate Change and Flowering Phenology in Worcester County, Massachusetts

Premise of research. Flowering times are sensitive indicators of climate change. This study explores important methodological issues in the use of samples of phenological records, quantifies change in flowering times, and examines causes of variability among species. Methodology. I used Monte Carlo simulations to explore effects of sample size on estimates of phenological statistics. I documented 60 yr of change in temperature and flowering times of forbs in Worcester County, Massachusetts, a largely nonurban area, using a combination of herbarium specimens and observations, and I tested several hypotheses using these data. I also compared changes in flowering times in eastern North America from several published studies. Pivotal results. Average spring temperatures increased 1.4°C (0.24°C/decade) during the last 60 yr. Mean and median flowering dates were most robust for small sample sizes, while early and late flowering dates and ranges were least stable. Mean flowering time advanced 2.9 d (0.4°C/decade), with greatest advances in early-flowering species. The predicted advance for a spring-flowering species was 4–10 d (0.6°–1.5°C/decade) using different models, corresponding to 2.5–6.3 d/°C of springtime warming. Flowering advanced more in species with shorter blooming periods than in species with longer blooming periods. Flowering advance was unaffected by a species’ native status and by whether it was locally increasing or declining. Phenological advances reported for the same species in different studies showed no significant correlation. Conclusions. Advances in flowering times were comparable to those in other north temperate studies, as was the large change in spring-flowering species. Contrary to other studies, phenological changes were unrelated to a species’ native status and to changes in species frequency. Results of simulations and comparisons across studies suggest that sampling error may contribute substantially to reported variation among species.
Effects of Bicarbonate Limitation and Salinity Stress on Growth and Photosynthesis in the Green Alga Picochlorum Oklahomensis

Photosynthetic organisms rarely experience optimal growth conditions in their natural habitat, and at any given time, two or more physical and chemical variables are likely to be suboptimal. The extreme environment of the Great Salt Plains (GSP) results in low algal biomass, such that natural selection is likely driven by survival of multiple abiotic stresses rather than rapid growth and biotic interactions. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of combined salinity stress and carbon limitation on growth and photosynthesis in the green alga Picochlorum okla-homensis isolated from the GSP habitat. Algal cells were grown in batch cultures under bicar-bonate sufficiency (control) or low bicarbonate at salinities of 10, 50 and100 ppt. in artificial seawater (AS 100) medium. Cells were physiologically characterized by initial growth rates, cell yields, photosynthetic light-response curves (oxygen evolution), pigment composition, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, �PSII, qP and NPQ. Low bicarbonate and increasing salinity from 10 to 100 ppt, as well as the bicarbonate-salinity interaction resulted in significant lower cell yields and initial growth rates. In general, high salinity resulted in significant primary effects for the majority of variables but a significant effect of bicarbonate and bicarbonate-salinity interaction were less common among the physiological variables. </
Fructose 6‐phosphate metabolism in plants

The kinetic and regulatory properties of the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase from various plant tissues are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the differences in properties between the plastid and cytosolic isozymes of this enzyme. A model for fructose 6-phosphate utilization in plants is presented which incorporates a role for the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase.
Estimates of Gene Effects for Some Important Quantitative Plant Traits in Maize Diallel Crosses

Nature of gene action was investigated for various agronomic characters such as plant height, ear height, number of days taken to tasseling and number of days tasseling in a set of complete diallel crosses, involving six elite maize inbred lines (B 70, EX 228, FR 15, N 28; PA 91, SYP 5). The Vr-Wr graphs indicated over-dominance type of gene action for ear height and additive type of gene action for all other traits. It was revealed that inbred line FR 15 and SYP 5 possessed most dominant genes fur plant height and ear height respectively. Similarly inbred line B70 contained most dominant genes for number of days taken to tasseling and number of days taken to silking. The three characters like plant height, number of days taken to tasseling arid number of days taken to silking were under the additive genetic control and mass selection can be practiced for these characters, whereas ear height was non-additively controlled and selection for these populations must be practiced with great care to develop pure breeding line.
The NF-κB signalling pathway: a therapeutic target in lymphoid malignancies?

Nuclear factor-κB/reticuloendotheliosis (NF-κB/Rel) designates a family of transcription factors that influence the activation of a multitude of genes critically involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Recently, genetic and biochemical evidence has accumulated, suggesting that constitutive activation of NF-κB/Rel proteins plays an important role in the development/progression of B and T cell lymphoid malignancies. In particular, genetic and molecular alterations of NF-κB family members and their transcriptional target genes have been implicated in the development of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Although NF-κB/Rel proteins represent an integrating point of several pathways, potentially contributing to several diseases, their unique activation depends on cell type and stimulus. Considering the NF-κB specificity in lymphoid cells, molecules that finely modulate the activity of these NF-κB components and dampen the inappropriate proliferation of lymphocytes may represent a novel pharmacological intervention to several lymphoid malignancies.
Evaluation of histidine decarboxylase activity of bacteria isolated from sardine (Sardina pilchardus) by an enzymic method

A fast and simple enzymic method has been adapted to measure histidine decarboxylase activity in bacteria isolated from fish. It was possible to quantify the presence of histamine at levels higher than 1.03 times 10‐2μmol (3 ppm) per ml of culture medium. There was a good correlation (γ=0.99) between the histamine content and the increase of absorbance in the concentration range of 3 and 30 ppm. The method can be used for quantitation of the amount of histamine produced by a selected strain, and has the advantages of being low in cost, reliable, easy to use and fast to perform. Plesiomonas shigelloides, a bacterium frequently isolated from fish and aquatic environments, has been identified as a new histamine‐former in fish.
A quantitative reassessment of morphology-based taxonomic schemes for Turkish tortoises (Testudo graeca)

In the last decade, Asian populations of Testudo graeca were split into as many as 10 species based on morphology and morphometry and then subsequently synonymized based on genetic evidence. We generate new morphometric data for six of these disputed species from Turkey, a major center of morphological and genetic diversity for Asian T. graeca . We test the concordance of our data with previous morphological assignments. Our morphometric data and analyses do not support all of the results of previous morphometric studies. Instead we find that putatively named taxa from the Mediterranean coast (“ antakyensis ”, “ anamurensis ”, and “ terrestris ”) are not morphometrically distinct. On the other hand, some inland populations from eastern Turkey (“ armeniaca ” and “ perses ”) are morphometrically distinct as previously claimed. Tortoise populations from northern and southern Turkey, which may correspond to the ibera and terrestris mt clades, also appear to be morphometrically distinct. In this respect, the morphometric data reflects the emerging genetic pattern, although the picture is complicated by a lack of genetic sampling within Turkey and morphometric studies outside of Turkey.
Weak of Effects of Music Education in The Establishment of Characters

This study discusses the absence of significant influence from music education in shaping an individual’s character. Character education itself is an education that discusses the mental and moral qualities that are unique to an individual. Ki Hajar Dewantara views music education as having the power to help Indonesian people realize a better inner and outer life, and the nature of the art of music itself is actually order and beauty. The purpose of this study is to reveal the weak influence of music education on the formation of an individual’s character. The behaviour of students and lecturers in the Department of Music Education FBS UNY was observed continuously for approximately six months. To strengthen the data, interviews were conducted face to face. The results showed that most students and lecturers who had long struggled and involved in the music field were weak in terms of discipline, social care and socializing order, and beauty. This can be seen from the behaviour of students and lecturers in carrying out daily activities, especially musical activities.