Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Description of Intermittency in Turbulence via Stochastic Methods

We present a generalized picture of intermittency in turbulence that is based on the theory of stochastic processes. To this end, we rely on the experimentally and numerically verified finding by R. Friedrich and J. Peinke [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 863 (1997)] that allows for an interpretation of the turbulent energy cascade as a Markov process of velocity increments in scale. It is explicitly shown that phenomenological models of turbulence, which are characterized by scaling exponents ζn of velocity increment structure functions, can be reproduced by the Kramers–Moyal expansion of the velocity increment probability density function that is associated with a Markov process. We compare the different sets of Kramers–Moyal coefficients of each phenomenology and deduce that an accurate description of intermittency should take into account an infinite number of coefficients. This is demonstrated in more detail for the case of Burgers turbulence that exhibits pronounced intermittency effects. Moreover, the influence of nonlocality on Kramers–Moyal coefficients is investigated by direct numerical simulations of a generalized Burgers equation. Depending on the balance between nonlinearity and nonlocality, we encounter different intermittency behavior that ranges from self-similarity (purely nonlocal case) to intermittent behavior (intermediate case that agrees with Yakhot’s mean field theory [Phys. Rev. E 63 026307 (2001)]) to shock-like behavior (purely nonlinear Burgers case).
Relationship between Hip Abductor Muscle Strength and Frontal Plane Kinematics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Elite Handball Athletes

Frontal plane kinematics of the lower limb could be especially relevant in the risk of injuries in handball (HB) athletes. An association between lower limb frontal plane kinematics and hip abductor muscles strength has been investigated in different populations. However, the relationship between pelvis, hip, and knee frontal plane kinematics and the hip abductor strength in HB athletes has not been considered. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hip abductor muscles strength and frontal plane kinematics (contralateral pelvic drop, femoral adduction, and knee valgus) in elite HB athletes using 2D analysis. Design: Cross-sectional and correlational study. Methods: Thirty-four male professional HB athletes were recruited. Athletes had to perform a deep single-leg squat. The frontal plane was recorded using the Camera app on iPhone (5SE). The clinical variables were hip abductor muscles strength assessed using a Lafayette hand-held dynamometer version 01165, and frontal plane kinematics measured with Kinovea 2D software version 0.9. 4. Both variables were measured independently by two different examiners. Results: The correlation analysis showed a statistically significant negative correlation between the hip abductor muscles strength and the pelvic drop angle (p < 0.001; PCC: −0.873). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the hip abductor muscles strength and the femoral adduction angle (p < 0.001; PCC: 0.767) and between the hip abductor muscles strength and the knee valgus angle (p < 0.001; PCC: 0.855). Conclusion: Hip abductor muscles strongly correlate with frontal plane kinematics in HB athletes.
Glacial Legacies: Microbial Communities of Antarctic Refugia

Simple Summary Microbial communities in Antarctica have only recently been described with the increasing popularity and ease of genome sequencing. Using these methods, we aimed to test hypotheses of refugia using microbial communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, Antarctica. Refugia are habitable areas that remain undisturbed during cycles of glacial expansions throughout Earth’s history. They may contain ancient lineages and unique communities worthy of conservation, as well as provide insight into the biotic history of Antarctica. We found unique microbial community assemblages from putative refugia in the McMurdo Dry Valleys indicating long-lived climax-communities in one of the harshest environments in the world. This finding corroborates the importance of glacial legacies in structuring not just the physical and geochemical environment, but also the soil microbial communities in this landscape. Abstract In the cold deserts of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) the suitability of soil for microbial life is determined by both contemporary processes and legacy effects. Climatic changes and accompanying glacial activity have caused local extinctions and lasting geochemical changes to parts of these soil ecosystems over several million years, while areas of refugia may have escaped these disturbances and existed under relatively stable conditions. This study describes the impact of historical glacial and lacustrine disturbance events on microbial communities across the MDV to investigate how this divergent disturbance history influenced the structuring of microbial communities across this otherwise very stable ecosystem. Soil bacterial communities from 17 sites representing either putative refugia or sites disturbed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (22-17 kya) were characterized using 16 S metabarcoding. Regardless of geographic distance, several putative refugia sites at elevations above 600 m displayed highly similar microbial communities. At a regional scale, community composition was found to be influenced by elevation and geographic proximity more so than soil geochemical properties. These results suggest that despite the extreme conditions, diverse microbial communities exist in these putative refugia that have presumably remained undisturbed at least through the LGM. We suggest that similarities in microbial communities can be interpreted as evidence for historical climate legacies on an ecosystem-wide scale.
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF ELECTRON-DRIVEN EVAPORATION IN TWO SOLAR FLARES

We have explored the relationship between hard X-ray (HXR) emissions and Doppler velocities caused by the chromospheric evaporation in two X1.6 class solar flares on 2014 September 10 and October 22, respectively. Both events display double ribbons and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph slit is fixed on one of their ribbons from the flare onset. The explosive evaporations are detected in these two flares. The coronal line of Fe xxi 1354.09 Å shows blueshifts, but the chromospheric line of C i 1354.29 Å shows redshifts during the impulsive phase. The chromospheric evaporation tends to appear at the front of the flare ribbon. Both Fe xxi and C i display their Doppler velocities with an “increase-peak-decrease” pattern that is well related to the “rising-maximum-decay” phase of HXR emissions. Such anti-correlation between HXR emissions and Fe xxi Doppler shifts and correlation with C i Doppler shifts indicate the electron-driven evaporation in these two flares.
Alhagi maurorum Ethanolic Extract Rescues Hepato-Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Alterations Induced by Lead in Rats via Abrogating Oxidative Stress and the Caspase-3-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway

This work investigated the probable protective effect of an Alhagi maurorum ethanolic extract on the hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity accompanied by neurobehavioral deficits caused by lead in rats. Rats in four groups were orally administered distilled water, ethanolic extract of A. maurorum (300 mg/kg BW daily), lead (100 mg/kg BW daily for 3 months), and lead + A. maurorum extract. The results demonstrated that lead exposure resulted in elevated locomotor activities and sensorimotor deficits associated with a decrease in brain dopamine levels. Moreover, lead exposure significantly increased liver function markers. In addition, the lead-treated rats exhibited extensive liver and brain histological changes and apoptosis. The lead treatment also triggered oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations with a remarkable reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and transcriptional mRNA levels of antioxidant genes in the liver and brain. Nevertheless, co-treatment with the A. maurorum extract significantly ameliorated the lead-induced toxic effects. These findings indicate that the A. maurorum extract has the ability to protect hepatic and brain tissues against lead exposure in rats through the attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Black hole quantum vacuum polarization in higher dimensions

The goal of this paper is to extend to higher dimensionality the methods and computations of vacuum polarization effects in black hole spacetimes. We focus our attention on the case of five dimensional Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black holes, for which we adapt the general method initially developed by Candelas and later refined by Anderson and others. We make use of point splitting regularization and of the WKB approximation to extract the divergences occuring in the coincidence limit of the Green function and, after calculating the counter-terms using the Schwinger - De Witt expansion, we explicitly prove the cancellation of the divergences and the regularity of the vacuum polarization once counter-terms are added up. We finally handle numerically the renormalized expression of the vacuum polarization. As a check on the method we also prove the regularity of the vacuum polarization in the six dimensional case in the large mass limit.
Formation and upper critical fields of the two distinct A15 phases in the subelements of powder-in-tube Nb3Sn wires

It is well known that the A15 layer in the subelements of a powder-in-tube (PIT) Nb3Sn wire exhibits two different grain morphologies: a region with fine grains (∼200 nm in size) representing about 60% of the total A15 area and one with large grains (1–2 μm in size). By means of high field specific heat and magnetization measurements, we have shown that these two A15 phases correspond to two distinctly different Tc distributions, the large grains region exhibiting a higher Tc and a lower Bc2, the fine grains region a lower Tc and a higher Bc2. We report here the values of the superconducting parameters (Tc, Bc2) of the two A15 phases, as determined from an original model to fit the experimental Tc distribution. After a prolonged reaction treatment (625 °C/320 h), an increase of the fine grain region was observed at the expenses of the large grain region, the Bc2(0 K) value of the former being raised from 28.8 to 31.7 T. These changes explain the marked increase of Jc to 2700 A/cm2 at 4.2 K/12 T, the highe.
Galaxy bias and primordial non-Gaussianity

We present a systematic study of galaxy biasing in the presence of primordial non-Gaussianity. For a large class of non-Gaussian initial conditions, we define a general bias expansion and prove that it is closed under renormalization, thereby showing that the basis of operators in the expansion is complete. We then study the effects of primordial non-Gaussianity on the statistics of galaxies. We show that the equivalence principle enforces a relation between the scale-dependent bias in the galaxy power spectrum and that in the dipolar part of the bispectrum. This provides a powerful consistency check to confirm the primordial origin of any observed scale-dependent bias. Finally, we also discuss the imprints of anisotropic non-Gaussianity as motivated by recent studies of higher-spin fields during inflation.
The diagnostic value of Paraoxonase (PON 1) enzyme activity in the diagnosis of knee joint osteoarthritis: case control study

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint disorders worldwide and it is responsible for significant morbidity and deterioration of quality of life and in particular elderly population (Mora et al., 2018). The diagnosis is based on clinical as well as radiological assessment; however, biochemical investigation plays a little role in the diagnosis, but recent data had suggested a role for some biochemical markers in the pathogenesis as well as in the diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. Aim of the study: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential diagnostic role of Paraoxonase (PON 1) enzyme activity in the diagnosis of knee joint osteoarthritis in a sample of Iraqi patients in addition to expolration of role of ESR and CRP with this regard. Patients and methods: This study is done in outpatient consultation clinic of Rhem& medical rehabilitation at Al-Imamain Al-kadhimain teaching hospital, Baghdad - Iraq. A case control study was included two groups, knee osteoarthritis group of patients and the control group. It was executed during the term from first of June 2021 to last of December 2021. Determination of Paraoxonase (PON 1) enzyme activity was assessed by Fluorometric method. Results: Paraoxonase (PON 1) enzyme activity was signficantly lower in patients group in comparison with control group (p < 0.001). Based on these observations, the diagnostic potential of this marker was assessed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis in order to find the best cutoff value of the marker that can predict a diagnosis of osteoarthritis in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The cutoff value of PON-1 was ≤ 0.879 with 86 % sensitivity, 60.7 % specificity and 78.2 % accuracy. The correlation was positive in that the severity of disease get increased with increasing body mass index and it was significant (r = 0.303; p = 0.033). Conclusion: The severity of disease is more with higher body mass index a finding that further solidify that suggestion. Higher levels of ESR and CRP in patients with knee joint osteoarthritis are indicators of the role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of such joint disorder. Low level of Paraoxonase (PON 1) enzyme activity in patients with knee OA suggest adiagnostic potnetial but with poor accuarcy.
LATERALLY PROPAGATING DETONATIONS IN THIN HELIUM LAYERS ON ACCRETING WHITE DWARFS

Theoretical work has shown that intermediate mass (0.01 M☉ < MHe < 0.1 M☉) helium shells will unstably ignite on the accreting white dwarf (WD) in an AM CVn binary. For more massive (M > 0.8 M☉) WDs, these helium shells can be dense enough (>5 × 105 g cm−3) that the convectively burning region runs away on a timescale comparable to the sound travel time across the shell, raising the possibility for an explosive outcome rather than an Eddington limited helium novae. The nature of the explosion (i.e., deflagration or detonation) remains ambiguous, is certainly density dependent, and likely breaks spherical symmetry. In the case of detonation, this causes a laterally propagating front whose properties in these geometrically thin and low-density shells we begin to study here. Our calculations show that the radial expansion time of <0.1 s leads to incomplete helium burning, in agreement with recent work by Sim and collaborators, but that the nuclear energy released is still adequate to realize a self-sustaining laterally propagating detonation. These detonations are slower than the Chapman–Jouguet speed of 1.5 × 109 cm s−1, but still fast enough at 0.9 × 109 cm s−1 to go around the star prior to the transit through the star of the inwardly propagating weak shock. Our simulations resolve the subsonic region behind the reaction front in the detonation wave. The two-dimensional nucleosynthesis is shown to be consistent with a truncated one-dimensional Zeldovich–von Neumann–Döring calculation at the slower detonation speed. The ashes from the lateral detonation are typically He rich, and consist of predominantly 44Ti, 48Cr, along with a small amount of 52Fe, with very little 56Ni and with significant 40Ca in carbon-enriched layers. If this helium detonation results in a Type Ia supernova, its spectral signatures would appear for the first few days after explosion.
Predicting In-Season Corn Grain Yield Using Optical Sensors

In-season sensing can account for field variability and improve nitrogen (N) management; however, opportunities exist for refinement. The purpose of this study was to compare different sensors and vegetation indices (VIs) (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); normalized difference red edge (NDRE); Simplified Canopy Chlorophyll Content Index (SCCCI)) at various corn stages to predict in-season yield potential. Additionally, different methods of yield prediction were evaluated where the final yield was regressed against raw or % reflectance VIs, relative VIs, and in-season yield estimates (INSEY, VI divided by growing degree days). Field experiments at eight-site years were established in Mississippi. Crop reflectance data were collected using an at-leaf SPAD sensor, two proximal sensors: GreenSeeker and Crop Circle, and a small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) equipped with a MicaSense sensor. Overall, relative VI measurements were superior for grain yield prediction. MicaSense best predicted yield at the VT-R1 stages (R2 = 0.78–0.83), Crop Circle and SPAD at VT (R2 = 0.57 and 0.49), and GreenSeeker at V10 (R2 = 0.52). When VIs were compared, SCCCI (R2 = 0.40–0.49) outperformed other VIs in terms of yield prediction. Overall, the best grain yield prediction was achieved using the MicaSense-derived SCCCI at the VT-R1 growth stages.
THE RELATION OF PRICE AND RED CHILI PRODUCTION IN BATURAJA OGAN KOMERING ULU REGENCY

The purpose of this study was to analyze the existence and level of market integration of red chili and the relationship between prices and red chili production in Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Regency. This research was conducted in East Baturaja District, OKU Regency. This study uses monthly Times Series data for 5 years from 2017-2021. The research method used was library research method and the analytical tool used in this research is a VAR model approach to prove the existence of red chili market integration in the Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, East Baturaja District. Data processing is carried out with the Eviews program.6. The variables in this study were measured using the data stationarity test, determining the optimal lag level, cointegration analysis, impulse response analysis and variance decomposition. The results showed that all research variables, namely the price and production of chili in each short-term period, tend to adjust to each other to achieve long-term equilibrium. The results of the VECM analysis show that there is a short-term and long-term relationship between research variables.
Long-term photometry of the eclipsing dwarf nova V893 Scorpii - Orbital period, oscillations, and a possible giant planet

The cataclysmic variable V893 Sco is an eclipsing dwarf nova which, apart from outbursts with comparatively low amplitudes, exhibits a particularly strong variability during quiescence on timescales of days to seconds.The present study aims to update the outdated orbital ephemerides published previously, to investigate deviations from linear ephemerides, and to characterize non-random brightness variations in a range of timescales. Light curves of V893 Sco were observed on 39 nights, spanning a total time base of about 14 years. They contain 114 eclipses which were used to significantly improve the precision of the orbital period and to study long-term variations of the time of revolution. Oscillations and similar brightness variations were studied with Fourier techniques in the individual light curves. The orbital period exhibits long-term variations with a cycle time of 10.2 years. They can be interpreted as a light travel time effect caused by the presence of a giant planet with approximately 9.5 Jupiter masses in a 4.5 AU orbit around V893 Sco. On some nights transient semi-periodic variations on timescales of several minutes can be seen which may be identified as quasi-periodic oscillations. However, it is difficult to distinguish whether they are caused by real physical mechanisms or if they are the effect of an accidental superposition of unrelated flickering flares. Simulations to investigate this question are presented.
OFF-LIMB SOLAR CORONAL WAVEFRONTS FROM SDO/AIA EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS—IMPLICATIONS FOR PARTICLE PRODUCTION

We derive kinematic properties for two recent solar coronal transient waves observed off the western solar limb with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission. The two waves occurred over ∼10 minute intervals on consecutive days—2010 June 12 and 13. For the first time, off-limb waves are imaged with a high 12 s cadence, making possible detailed analysis of these transients in the low corona between ∼1.1 and 2.0 solar radii (RS). We use observations in the 193 and 211 Å AIA channels to constrain the kinematics of both waves. We obtain initial velocities for the two fronts of ∼1287 and ∼736 km s−1, and accelerations of −1170 and −800 m s−2, respectively. Additionally, differential emission measure analysis shows the June 13 wave is consistent with a weak shock. Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave positions are correlated with positions from simultaneous type II radio burst observations. We find good temporal and height association between the two, suggesting that the waves may be the EUV signatures of coronal shocks. Furthermore, the events are associated with significant increases in proton fluxes at 1 AU, possibly related to how waves propagate through the coronal magnetic field. Characterizing these coronal transients will be key to connecting their properties with energetic particle production close to the Sun.
EFFECT OF TILLAGE DEPTH ON SOME PROPERTIES OF SALINE SOIL

: A field experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of tillage depth and irrigation application rates on total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, EC and pH of Al-Hussainiya saline clay soil. Wheat crop (Triticum aestivum; misr-1) was cultivated. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured before and after wheat cultivation. The irrigation water was, also, chemically analyzed. The soil properties were measured at three tillage depths and four irrigation application rates. The obtained results showed a reduction in both EC and pH and increase in both total porosity and hydraulic conductivity with increasing tillage depth. Therefore, the study recommended a deep tillage and water application not less than field capacity to improve soil properties and increase soil hydraulic conductivity and, hence, enhance leaching salts in the clay saline soil, especially, from the surface layers.
Occupational stress and psychological wellbeing is a function of virtual teaching and faculty performance during COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study with reference to higher academic faculty in around Hyderabad city

The author reports the results of an empirical study on Occupational Stress and Psychological Wellbeing on the Faculty of Higher Education, and its effect on Virtual Teaching and performance. The data gathered using google forms from the Engineering and Management faculty in and around Hyderabad Higher educational institutes. The research instrument, a structured questionnaire, completed by 400 faculty members of the Engineering and Management faculty of Higher Educational Institutes in and around Hyderabad. The data was gathered using a 5-point Likert Type scale to measure the faculty performance, occupational stress, and virtual teaching factors, whereas the psychological well-being of the faculty is measured using a 7-point scale. The response from the 7-point psychological well-being scale was converted into a 5-point Likert-type scale using linear transformations. The research instrument maintained its reliability and internal consistency as assessed by Cronbach Alpha (0.83). The logistic regression analysis indicated autonomy, the purpose of life the psychological well-being factors, and work load, remote working, role conflict are statistically significant and influencing the faculty performance and virtual teaching.