Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-locus DNA fingerprinting reveals that male reproductive success increases with age through extra-pair paternity in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)

Single-locus profiles produced with four cloned minisatellites were used to investigate the paternity of 44 house sparrow nestlings sired through extra-pair copulations. Comparison of the paternal alleles with a profile database of 144 candidate males resulted in 33 paternity assignments to 13 males. Both age and proximity were related to success in cuckoldry. Males achieving extra-pair paternity were usually breeding near to the cuckolded pair. Those at least two years old sired significantly more young through extra-pair matings, resulting in an average reproductive output 36% higher than that of yearlings. Whereas older males gained extra-pair fertilizations during their own breeding attempts, yearlings only achieved extra-pair success outside their own breeding cycle and did not significantly increase their own reproductive success. In contrast to other species in which extra-pair males are apparently chosen for their high quality, male sparrows siring extra-pair young were cuckolded at the same rate as other males.
Interacting Influences of Density and Preference on the Emigration Rates of Some Lotic Chironomid Larvae (Diptera:Chironomidae)

The effects of manipulations of density and sediment type on the emigration rates of chironomid larvae (Diptera:Chironomidae) from Hunt Creek, Montmorency County, Michigan, USA, were examined in artificial stream chambers. Both basic sediment suitability and population density were found to affect larval emigration rates. Furthermore, their interaction lead to rates of emigration not predictable from an examination of either factor alone. A simple model of habitat suitability was developed and fit to the experimental data. The fitted model provided estimates of habitat carrying capacities for two important chironomid species and for a generalized chironomid assemblage. A comparison of these estimates with observed field densities indicated that competitive displacement of individuals probably occurs regularly in sand sediments. An examination of field data from 1975—1976 revealed a suppression of species diversity and of competitor standing crops by the dominant sand species. Together these results suggest that competitive interactions have an important influence on the spatial distribution of chironomid larvae in Hunt Creek.
New compounds for the treatment of eczematous skin diseases

Eczematous skin diseases, like atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis have been treated with topical glucocorticosteroids for decades. With the introduction of the immunophyllins FK506 and ascomycin, a new treatment era has begun. The increasing knowledge of pathophysiological interactions and immunological disturbances during the chronic inflammatory process in the skin offers many new therapeutical approaches. These are presented in this review, based on the status of recent patents. Novel therapeutical compounds include cytokine antagonists, cytokine-receptor antagonists, but also molecules interfering with signal transduction pathways. Such molecules inhibit certain intracellular signal transducing phosphatases or act at the molecular level of transcription factors. Recent developments target lymphocyte homing through interference of adhesion molecules and chemokine /chemokine receptors. The diversity of these interactions is extensive and clinical trials will unravel their clinical efficacy. Finally, the developments of glucocorticoid family members, such as retinoids, vitamin D and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonists, are discussed. Molecules from members of this family have profound differentiating, antiproliferative, but also immunomodulatory effects, which make them attractive as antieczematous compounds. The design of molecules with high selectivity or in combination formulae highlight them as molecules of interest.
Influence of the mutualistic endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 on Meloidogyne incognita attraction and invasion

The non-pathogenic endophytic Fusarium oxysporum strain 162 (FO162) has been selected for its capacity to reduce root-knot nematode galling on tomato. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of this fungus on invasion of tomato roots by Meloidogyne incognita. The number of M. incognita that invaded roots of plants treated with FO162 was significantly lower (reductions of 36.0-55.9%) than in the non-treated controls in linked twin-pot chambers. The results demonstrated that colonisation of the roots by FO162 affects the number of M. incognita that penetrate the roots. The results of a choice test in the absence of a plant indicated that the tomato root exudates collected from plants colonised by FO162 are either less attractive or they exude substances that have repellent activity toward M. incognita juveniles.
The identification of an aphid juvenile hormone, and its titre in relation to photoperiod

ABSTRACT. Whole body extractions from larval and adult apterous forms of Megoura viciae, and from adult Aphis fabae, were analysed for the known insect juvenile hormones (JHs) by a gas chromatography‐mass spectrometric method. Low levels of JH III were detected in both aphid species, the first identification of a juvenile hormone from an homopteran insect. Although the mean titre in adult M. viciae is higher in long‐day than in short‐day reared insects (0.12±0.03 v. 0.04±0.01 ng/g), titres were variable and measurements overlapped. The results are discussed in the context of the hormonal control of aphid polymorphism and the question of identity of homopteran and hemipteran JH.
Individual Performance in the Beer Game: Underweighting the supply line and the impact of personality

Data was collected from undergraduate students playing an online version of the Beer Game and correlated with data from a personality survey. Several measures of individual performance were developed that loaded into 5 factors: anchoring, weighting of visible inventory, weighting of unseen inventory, inconsistency, and amplification. Results show that personality does predict some decision behavior in the beer game, and more so for the wholesaler and distributor roles.
Analysis of Ratio Return on Equity, Quick Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Towards Internet Financial Reporting and Size of Companies As Moderating Variables (Empirical Study on Sub Sectors of Various Industries Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange)

The accountants are demanded to have competent competence in making financial statements that are technically and technologically qualified. So in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, the accountant profession is also required to understand big data that stores a lot of information, not only financial data but also non-financial aspects. According to Abdillah (2016) states that Internet Financial Reporting is one of the voluntary disclosures because no regulations are governing what content should be presented by the company's website. Most publicly listed companies have a personal website that provides essential company information. In conclusion, an accountant profession must understand the internet financial reporting system or disclosure of corporate financial reporting through the company's website is one of the methods that must be studied by the accounting profession. This study aims to examine the effect of Return on Equity, Quick Ratio, and Debt to Equity Ratio on Internet Financial Reporting and Company Size as a Moderating Variable. The results of this study indicate that Return on Equity, Quick Ratio to Internet Financial Reporting cannot be moderated by Company Size, whereas Debt to Equity Ratio to Internet Financial Reporting can be reduced by Company Size.
Innate and Learned Components of Defence by Flickers Against a Novel Nest Competitor, the European Starling

Defence against predators is an important component of fitness in wild birds but the first step of defence, predator recognition, is not well understood. Anti-predator behaviour may innate, in which case the individual responds without prior contact with that predator, and/or there may be a learned component that develops only after direct experience. In the wild, the development of anti-predator behaviour is studied by exposing naive individuals to novel predators. I studied responses of 71 naive and experienced northern flickers Colaptes auratus, to a novel nest predator and competitor, the European starling Sturnus vulgaris that was introduced to North America. Naive individuals responded more intensely to the model starling than to the control model suggesting an innate component to recognition. However, there was also a learned component to defence because flickers nesting near to starlings reacted more aggressively than naive individuals far from starlings. Consistent with theory on life histories and optimal defence levels, no significant differences in aggression were found between the sexes or between age classes. Selection should favour more intense, and possibly innate, defence against the introduced starling. Variation in responses of naive individuals suggests that there may already be some alleles in the population associated with higher defence, but that these may not be uniform within the population.
Grazing triggers soil carbon loss by altering plant roots and their control on soil microbial community

1. Depending on grazing intensity, grasslands tend towards two contrasting systems that differ in terms of species diversity and soil carbon (C) storage. To date, effects of grazing on C cycling have mainly been studied in grasslands subject to constant grazing regimes, whereas little is known for grasslands experiencing a change in grazing intensity. Analysing the transition between C‐storing and C‐releasing grasslands under low‐ and high‐grazing regimes, respectively, will help to identify key plant–soil interactions for C cycling.
Stock Return Comovement When Investors are Distracted: More, and More Homogeneous

This paper tests whether fluctuations in investors' attention affect stock return comovement with national and global markets, and which stocks are most affected. We measure fluctuations in investor attention using 59 high-profile soccer matches played during stock market trading hours at the three editions of the FIFA World Cup between 2010 and 2018. Using intraday data for more than 750 firms in 19 countries, we find that distracted investors shift attention away from firm-specific and from global news. When movements in global stock markets are large, the pricing of global news reverts back to normal, but firm-specific news keep being priced less, leading to increased comovement of stock returns with the national stock market. This increase is economically large, and particularly strong for those stocks that typically comove little with the national market, thereby leading to a convergence in betas across stocks.
WHY HAVE WE IGNORED FREUD THE "PAEDIATRICIAN"

Since his studies in Paris and Berlin in 1885-1886, until his self-analysis in 1897, Sigmund Freud broke away from the common sense of the medical establishment and laid the essential patterns of psychoanalysis. In these crucial years, he was responsible for the department for nervous diseases at the "Public Institute for Children's Diseases" in Vienna, directed by Max Kassowitz. 2 For ten years, from 1886 to 1896, Freud worked with children three days a week, and paediatric activity effectively represented his most constant professional engagement. The importance of his work with hysterical children and his emotional involvement are amply reflected in the dream of Irma's injection in the summer of 1895 the "specimen dream" of psychoanalysis. In this dream, Freud is helped by Otto and Leopold, his two assistants at the department for nervous children in the Kassowitz paediatric hospital (Freud 1900, p. 112), 3 and Otto is accused of the medical error which caused Irma's infection. Otto was the paediatrician Oskar Rie, trained by Freud himself in 1886, the year when he announced the treatment of infantile nervous diseases among the medical services offered in his private practice. 4 Leopold,
An OpenCV Implementation of Supervised Texture Segmentation Using Gabor Filters.

—In this paper we ﬁrst study the basic principles of texture, its classiﬁcation and properties. We begin this paper by studying the current literature in this ﬁeld and take a brief look at the proposed theories. We follow this up by showing the results for the implementation of an important paper in the ﬁeld of texture segmentation and classiﬁcation. The paper - ”Unsupervised Texture Segmentation Using Gabor Filters” The results shown by Anil K Jain and Farshid Farrokhnia in their path breaking research paper went on to open new areas of research in texture and made a huge leap forward in our understanding of its properties
An Investigation of Male and Female Voices: Does Voice Gender Categorization Depend on Pitch?

63 An Investigation of Male and Female Voices: Does Voice Gender Categorization Depend on Pitch? Leila Neisi*, Farahnaz Ahmadpour karimAbadi & Mansoore Shekaramiz Department of Linguistic, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Corresponding Author: Leila Neisi, E-mail: leila_neisi@yahoo.com
Quality of Silages from Sunflower Harvested at Different Vegetational Stages

Abstract Demirel, M. , Bolat, D. , Çelik, S. , Bakici, Y. and Çelik, S. 2006. Quality of silages from sunflower harvested at different vegetational stages. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 161–165. This study was carried out to determine qualities and in vivo digestibility of silage of sunflower green herbage harvested at blooming, milk or dough stage and incubated in 120 l plastic barrels for 90 days. While dry matter, organic matter and crude fat content increased at dough stage, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber decreased (P<0.05). The highest lactic and propionic acid and the lowest butyric acid and pH values were observed in blooming stage silage. While dry grass yield and table ratio increased with maturity, stem and leaf ratio as well as digestibility of most of the nutrients decreased (P<0.05). It may be concluded that high quality alternative silages could be obtained from sunflower green herbage, best coming from bloom stage.
Impact of Agricultural Credit on Cereal Productivity: Case Study of District Sargodha, Punjab Pakistan

Agriculture is a major sector of Pakistan’s economy, as it contributes signifi-cantly to Pakistan’s economy by providing GDP, jobs, and export income. In recent decades, the financing needs of farmers have increased rapidly due to a restructuring of the agricultural sector. Credit is seen as an important factor in raising farmers’ production and profits. The current study seeks to examine the impact of credit on the productivity of cereal in the Sargodha District. In addi-tion, the study examines farmers’ objective to receive loans and major credit sources in the Sargodha district. This study is based on the primary data from the 8 villages in Sargodha—Punjab district, Pakistan collected in 2018. The area was divided into four zones, and from each zone, two villages were cho-sen. The same number of beneficiaries, i.e. ten each, from each village was selected. The sample size, therefore, referred to 160 farmers. The data were analyzed using the Cobb Douglas Production Function (CDPF). The results of the study show that credit has a positive effect on the productivity of wheat. Research has shown that only 30% of the credit users use loan to buy seeds and fertilizers and 70% use loan for other purposes, such as marriages and ceremonies and farmland and tractor buying, among others. Similarly, Zarai Tarqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) loans 80 percent of credit customers. It is recommended that the financial institution expands the credit facilities exclu-sively for agricultural farmers. Credit restrictions should also be reduced plau-sibly so that smallholders can easily obtain loans.
Contributions of Literature Circles in Language Learning: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review

This study presents a systematic literature review on the contributions of literature circles based on a number of published researches in several refereed international journals available in various online databases. It aims to identify the contributions on the use of the method to the teaching of Literature among students of various grade/year levels. The data which was plotted on the repertory grid were analyzed to identify the gaps in the researches conducted. The findings of this study suggest that participation in literature circles contribute to the cognitive and affective development and to cultural awareness of language learners. It concludes by noting that literature circles present a strong and promising case for adoption as an approach to the teaching of Literature as they can facilitate the use of literary texts in language classrooms to optimize learners’ cognitive and affective development, likewise strengthen their cultural awareness.
Rotifers as Indicators of Water Quality

A comprehensive survey of the literature on the use of rotifers as bio-indicators water quality has been made in this article. Brachionus angularis, Trichocerca cylindrica, Polyurthra euryptera, Pompholyx sulcata, Rotaria rotatoria, Filinia longiseta have been designated as indicators of heavy pollution (Eutrophy). Ascomorpha ovalis, Asplanchna herricki, Synchaeta grandis, Ploesoma hudsoni, Anuraeopsis fissa, Monostyla bulla and M. hamata are indicators of fresh and clean waters (Oligotrophy) while a variety of rotifers including Brachionus, Keratella spec, are inhabitants of moderately clean (mesotrophy) waters. However, more and more knowledge regarding morphological variations and physiological conditions of rotifers should be studied and then they can be used as better indicators of environmental quality.
Size and genetic composition of the colonizing propagules in a butterfly metapopulation

The amount and spatial distribution of genetic variation that is maintained in a metapopulation depends critically on the colonization process. Here, we use molecular markers to determine the number and genetic relatedness of individuals establishing new local populations in a large metapopulation of the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia. The empirical results are compared with the predictions of a dispersal model based on a diffusion approximation of correlated random walk, which serves as a base-line hypothesis about the rate and pattern of colonization. The results show that half of the new local populations consisted of a single larval group of full sibs and hence necessarily of the offspring of a single female. If the colonization involved two or more larval groups, these were usually oviposited by two different females that were unrelated to each other. The pattern of colonizations is thus intermediate between the propagule pool and the migrant pool models. These results elucidate the generation of genetic stochasticity, which may influence the dynamics of small populations. The dispersal model predicted well the pattern of habitat occupancy and the pattern of colonizations in relation to landscape structure, though which particular habitat patches became colonized was influenced also by measures of habitat quality not included in the model.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ANNONA SENEGALENSIS AND HALLEA LEDERMANNII IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

In the present study the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extracts of dry leaves of Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) and Hallea ledermannii (Rubiaceae) were carried. For antioxidant activities the data obtained show that the both extracts contained flavonoids and polyphenols which would be at the origin of their antioxidant properties. The antidiabetic activities are carried out in 13 weeks in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats which received daily the doses of glibenclamide (10 g/kg) and those of Annona senegalensis (100 and 200 mg/kg) and Hallea ledermannii (200 and 400 mg/kg). The findings showed the goods effects of these plants on diabetic rats hyperglycemia. These treatments do not disturb the lipid profile after 91 days of daily administration. The antidiabetic properties in alloxaninduced diabetic rats would be due to the antioxidant activities through the bioactive compounds as flavonoids, saponosides, triterpenes and tannins present in both extracts. Therefore, these plants are good candidates for further studies.
BREEDING DENSITIES AND HABITAT ATTRIBUTES OF GOLDEN EAGLES IN SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN

PdVAS-MARTiNEZ, S. 1987. Memoria del mapa de series de vegetaci6n de Espafia. ICONA, Madrid, Spain. SANCHEZ, A. AND J.M. SANCHEZ. 1991. Resultados de ocupaci6n de cajas anidaderas en tendidos e16ctricos en Extremadura (Oeste de Espafia): 1986-1990. Ecologia 5:375-381. , P. Mu•oz, J. CALDERA ND J.M. SANCHEZ. 1996. Resultados de ocupaci6n de cajas anidaderas en lineas e16ctricas en ambientes esteparios en Extremadura (1986-1994). Pages 246-247 inJ. Fernfindez and J. Sanz-Zuasti [EDs.], Conservaci6n de las aves esteparias y sus hfibitats. Junta de Castilia y Le6n, Valladolid, Spain. SHi•UBB, M. 1970. The present status of the kestrel in Sussex. Bird Study 17:1-25. 1993. The kestrel. Hamlyn Species Guides 2, London, U.K. SOIC•L, R.R. AND F.J. ROHLF. 1979. Biometria. Ediciones H. Blume, Madrid, Spain. TUCKER, G.M. AND M.F. HEATH. 1994. Birds in Europe: their conservation status. Birdlife Internat. , Cambridge, U.K.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Enzymology

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a versatile tool for chemical biology research. A remarkable wealth of information about the mechanistic enzymology has been obtained by EPR experiments. As an analytical method, EPR can obtain these two useful pieces of information in a study of enzymatic reaction mechanisms: 1) detection and complete description of free radicals and 2) characterization of the electronic structures of paramagnetic metal ions and their response to changes of the protein environment or substrate binding. The first feature has spurred the development of the new field known as radical enzymology; the second has enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of metalloenzyme action. The potential of EPR spectroscopy to serve as an important biophysical tool for the future development of enzymology is highlighted by several selected examples.
Responses of young calves to a diet containing salts of volatile fatty acids.

Summary Nine calves, starting at five days of age, were fed the following diets 12 wk. : Diet I, casein, fat, glucose, starch, and chopped hay; Diet II, casein, fat, glucose, and salts of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, and Diet III, whole milk. For these diets, the average daily gains during the terminal 9 wk. were 0.82, 0.99, and 1.38lb. , respectively. After feeding, blood glucose increased sharply for Diet III but decreased slightly for Diets I and II. Conversely, blood volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased markedly for Diets I and II, but did not change for III. Increases of blood ketone bodies after feeding were somewhat more pronounced for Diets I and II than for III. Only small differences among diets were noted for any of the blood constituents immediately before feeding. At 0-hour, glucose tended to decrease with increasing age, whereas VFA and ketone bodies exhibited no marked change. The quantities of urinary ketones and VFA were largest for calves fed Diet II, whereas the quantities of urinary glucose were greatest for calves receiving Diet III. In general, the total urinary excretion of all these constituents tended to increase with advancing age. The responses indicate that calves at 3 wk. of age definitely are able to absorb VFA.