Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative permittivities of 10 organic liquids as functions of temperature

Abstract Relative permittivities are reported for 10 purified liquids as functions of temperature T . The compounds are three perfluoroalkanes, three cycloalkanes, two benzenes, and two sulfides. The results were summarized using a single polynomial in T , except for the perfluoroalkanes near the critical points. The values of the Clausius-Mosotti function φ CM tended to be higher in the liquid than in the low-density gas, except for tetrafluoromethane where values of φ CM were lower in the liquid.
Molecular structures of gas‐phase polyatomic molecules determined by spectroscopic methods

Spectroscopic data related to the structures of polyatomic molecules in the gas phase have been reviewed, critically evaluated, and compiled. All reported bond distances and angles have been classified as equilibrium (re), average (rz), substitution (rs), or effective (ro) parameters, and have been given a quality rating which is a measure of the parameter uncertainty. The surveyed literature includes work from all of the areas of gas‐phase spectroscopy from which precise quantitative structural information can be derived. Introductory material includes definitions of the various types of parameters and a description of the evaluation procedure.
Modeling Diesel Spray Flame Liftoff, Sooting Tendency, and NOx Emissions Using Detailed Chemistry With Phenomenological Soot Model

A detailed chemistry-based CFD model was developed to simulate the diesel spray combustion and emission process. A reaction mechanism of n-heptane is coupled with a reduced NO x mechanism to simulate diesel fuel oxidation and NO x formation. The soot emission process is simulated by a phenomenological soot model that uses a competing formation and oxidation rate formulation. The model is applied to predict the diesel spray lift-off length and its sooting tendency under high temperature and pressure conditions with good agreement with experiments of Sandia. Various nozzle diameters and chamber conditions were investigated. The model successfully predicts that the sooting tendency is reduced as the nozzle diameter is reduced and/or the initial chamber gas temperature is decreased, as observed by the experiments. The model is also applied to simulate diesel engine combustion under premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) conditions. Trends of heat release rate, NO x , and soot emissions with respect to EGR levels and start-of- injection timings are also well predicted. Both experiments and models reveal that soot emissions peak when the start of injection (SOI) occurs close to TDC. The model indicates that low soot emission at early SOI is due to better oxidation while low soot emission at late SOI is due to less formation. Since NO x , emissions decrease monotonically with injection retardation, a late injection scheme can be utilized for simultaneous soot and NO x reduction for the engine conditions investigated in this study.
Dinitroaniline Herbicide Cross‐Resistance in Resistant Setaria italica Lines Selected from Interspecific Cross with S. viridis

Breeding of herbicide-resistant foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ) is desirable in modern agriculture because no selective herbicide is available for this crop. Trifluralin-resistant millet lines obtained from a interspecific cross between a resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. ) and a foxtail millet cultivar were tested for response to five dinitroaniline herbicides in greenhouse and field experiments. The results in the greenhouse study showed that the resistant type was cross-resistant to all tested herbicides. ED50 values indicated that the highest resistance was obtained with trifluralin, the resistant biotype being seven and 33 times more resistant than the parent cultivar at the emergence and seedling stages, respectively. However, the doses recommended for efficient weed control resulted in some detrimental effects on emergence and growth in the field. Strategies for use of this resistance to control weeds in millet fields are proposed. © 1997 SCI.
Heavy metals and pesticides in anuran spawn and tadpoles, water, and sediment

High concentrations of metals (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) and of lindane were measured in the sediment and in the spawn and tadpoles of Bufo bufo, Rana dalmatina, and Rana ridibunda from two Austrian locations. Residues in spawn suggest maternal transfer. Increase of the metal concentrations from spawn to advanced tadpole stage is explained by the larval microphaguous feeding habits which cause high exposition of the tadpoles to substances concentrating in sediments and suspended particles. Metal and pesticide concentrations in spawn and tadpoles are toxic to various other aquatic organisms and are furthermore considered to be potentially hazardous to the anurans themselves. The results are conform with world‐wide observations of contamination of anuran larvae with heavy metals, and prove the significance of non‐point source chemical exposure due to allochthonous toxicant input by wind load and precipitation.
General temperature dependence of solar cell performance and implications for device modelling

Solar cell performance generally decreases with increasing temperature, fundamentally owing to increased internal carrier recombination rates, caused by increased carrier concentrations. The temperature dependence of a general solar cell is investigated on the basis of internal device physics, producing general results for the temperature dependence of open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current, as well as recommendations for generic modelling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE INFLUENCE OF HELICAL FLOW ON WATER FUEL EMULSION PREPARATION

This study presents a method of preparing simple and multiple emulsions formed in a liquid-liquid contactor with Couette-Taylor flow (CTF). A Couette-Taylor flow contactor represents a mini-channel device, and due to its small dimension can be connected to a diesel engine for just-prepared emulsion injection. Stable simple W/O and multiple O/W/O emulsions have been prepared, both with quite narrow drop size distribution. The mean drop size of the inner phase of multiple emulsions is in range of 2–10 μm depending on the operating conditions. Simple and multiple emulsions will be considered as an alternative diesel fuel for improving engine performance and emissions characteristics.
Oxalic, glyoxalic and pyruvic acids in eastern Pacific Ocean waters

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique has been used to determine the concentration and distribution of several a-keto acids and oxalic acid in seawater samples from a station (28°29'N, 128°38'W) in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Glyoxalic, pyruvic and oxalic acids were found to be present. Although the pyruvic acid profile at this station was in general featureless, the profiles for glyoxalic and oxalic acids showed variations which could be attributed to both primary production and heterotropic activity. Surface waters were found to have a combined concentration of glyoxalic and oxalic acids of -300 to 400 nmjliter which makes these two compounds some of the more abundant organic constituents of surface ocean waters.
Determination of the Most Relevant Soil Properties for the Delineation of Management Zones in Production Fields

The proper delineation of management zones (MZs) is very important in site-specific crop management. The aim of this study was to determine the soil attributes that are most relevant in the delineation process of MZs. Two fields of 22 ha and 45 ha located in northern Poland were examined. The analyses were based on MZs delineated using standardized multiyear yield data and logistic regression, which was applied to select the variables that discriminate the yield-based MZs to the greatest degree. The effects of several variables, including soil chemical and physical properties and topographic attributes, on the discrimination of yield-based MZs were investigated. The sand and organic carbon content in the soil produced the most relevant delineation of MZs. Highly correlated variables should be not included in analyses for MZ delineation because they can strongly affect the results of cluster analyses that are used for the delineation of MZs.
Identification of the Patterns Produced in the Offensive Sequences That End in a Goal in European Futsal

Victory is the ultimate aim in high performance sports; when it comes to team sports, the goal is the key that allows players to achieve that victory. This is the case with futsal which, due to its internal structure as well as the speed in the development of its game, makes the achievement of a goal not an isolated event, but rather more than one goal must be scored to achieve victory. The aim of the present study is to analyze the construction of offensive sequences that have resulted in goal-scoring in the two main European futsal leagues, the Spanish and the Italian, as well as to identify the patterns relating to offensive actions that have ended with a goal being scored. Observational methodology was used to develop the research and an ad hoc observation instrument (OAF-I) was developed for this purpose. The data was analyzed using inferential statistics as well as sequential analysis of delays in a diachronic analysis to identify the patterns of offensive actions. The results obtained enable recognition of a league’s idiosyncrasy patterns in goal-scoring in each of the leagues studied. The results obtained will allow experts to have a better understanding of how goals are scored and how to establish more specific training tasks, in both attack and defense.
Integrating Project-Based Service-Learning into an Advanced Environmental Chemistry Course

In an advanced environmental chemistry course, the inclusion of semester-long scientific service projects successfully integrated the research process with course content. Each project involved a unique community-based environmental analysis in which students assessed an aspect of environmental health. The projects were due in small pieces at even intervals, and students worked independently or in pairs. Initially, students wrote a project proposal in which they chose and justified a project. Following a literature review of their topic, they drafted sampling and analysis plans using methods in the literature. Samples were collected and analyzed, and all students assembled scientific posters describing the results of their study. In the last week of the semester, the class traveled to a regional professional meeting to present the posters. In all, students found the experience valuable. They learned to be professional environmental chemists and learned the value of the discipline to community health. Stud.
Exercise Training Preserves Myocardial Strain and Improves Exercise Tolerance in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Doxorubicin causes cardiotoxicity and exercise intolerance. Pre-conditioning exercise training seems to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage. However, the effectiveness of the cardioprotective effects of exercise training concomitantly with doxorubicin treatment remains largely unknown. To determine whether low-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise training during doxorubicin treatment would prevent cardiotoxicity and exercise intolerance, we performed exercise training concomitantly with chronic doxorubicin treatment in mice. Ventricular structure and function were accessed by echocardiography, exercise tolerance by maximal exercise test, and cardiac biology by histological and molecular techniques. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, evidenced by impaired ventricular function, cardiac atrophy, and fibrosis. Exercise training did not preserve left ventricular ejection fraction or reduced fibrosis. However, exercise training preserved myocardial circumferential strain alleviated cardiac atrophy and restored cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. On the other hand, exercise training exacerbated doxorubicin-induced body wasting without affecting survival. Finally, exercise training blunted doxorubicin-induced exercise intolerance. Exercise training performed during doxorubicin-based chemotherapy can be a valuable approach to attenuate cardiotoxicity.
Polystyrene‐b‐Poly(Ethylene‐r‐butylene)‐b‐Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer/Organoclay Nanocomposites and Their Phase Characteristics

Abstract Intercalated polymer/clay nanocomposites were prepared using a polystyrene‐b‐poly(ethylene‐r‐butylene)‐b‐polystyrene (SEBS) cylindrical triblock copolymer. Dynamic rheological measurements, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) were conducted to investigate the internal structure and physical and phase characteristics of the nanocomposites. The XRD data confirmed that the interlayer distance between the anisotropic silicates increased due to the intercalation of SEBS into the clay interlayers. As the clay loading increased, the onset points of the order–disorder transition (ODT) and order–order transition (OOT) were found to decrease, whereas the thermal decomposition temperatures, monitored by TGA, increased with the clay loading.
Technique for lateral temperature profiling in optoelectronic devices using a photoluminescence microprobe

A photoluminescence microprobe technique with ≤0.2 °C and <5 μm resolution is demonstrated for measuring lateral temperature profiles in GaAs‐based optoelectronic devices. The technique is used to measure the junction‐heating induced temperature gradient in both single‐stripe and broad‐area diode lasers. The effective focal length of the thermally induced refractive index gradient lens is determined from the temperature gradient in a broad‐area device.
Co-bedding of Preterm Newborn Pigs Reduces Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incidence Independent of Vital Functions and Cortisol Levels

Background: Preterm infants are born with immature organs, leading to morbidities such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gut inflammatory disease associated with adverse feeding responses but also hemodynamic and respiratory instability. Skin-to-skin contact including “kangaroo care” may improve infant survival and health via improved vital functions (e.g., pulmonary, cardiovascular) and endocrine influences by adrenal glucocorticoids. Clinical effects of skin-to-skin contact for newborn siblings (“co-bedding”) are not known. Using NEC-susceptible Preterm pigs as models, we hypothesized that co-bedding and exogenous glucocorticoids improve vital functions and NEC resistance. Methods: In experiment 1, cesarean-delivered, formula-fed Preterm pigs were reared in incubators with (co-bedding, COB, n = 30) or without (single-bedding, SIN, n = 29) a sibling until euthanasia and tissue collection on day four. In experiment 2, single-bedded Preterm pigs were treated postnatally with a tapering dose of hydrocortisone (HC, n = 19, 1–3 mg/kg/d) or saline (CON, n = 19). Results: Co-bedding reduced NEC incidence (38 vs. 65%, p < 0.05) and increased the density of colonic goblet cells (+20%, p < 0.05) but had no effect on pulmonary and cardiovascular functions (respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, blood gases) or cortisol levels. There were limited differences in intestinal villous architecture and digestive enzyme activities. In experiment 2, HC treatment increased NEC lesions in the small intestine without any effects on pulmonary or cardiovascular functions. Conclusion: Co-bedding may improve gut function and NEC resistance independently of cardiorespiratory function and cortisol levels, but pharmacological cortisol treatment predispose to NEC. Preterm pigs may be a useful tool to better understand the physiological effects of co-bedding, neonatal stressors and their possible interactions with morbidities in Preterm neonates.
Nuclease p1 immobilized on deae cellulose

Effects of various factors, such as pH, ionic strength, glutaraldehyde concentration, enzyme amount and immobilization time, on enzyme activity were investigated. The immobilization conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments. Characterizations of immobilized nuclease p1 were also evaluated. Through orthogonal optimization, the optimal immobilization conditions were as follows: pH 5.6, ionic strength 0.125, glutaraldehyde concentration 0.20% and immobilization time 2.0 h. Optimal pH of immobilized enzyme was 5.8. Optimal temperature of immobilized enzyme was 70oC. Thermal, operational and storage stabilities of the enzyme were improved after it was immobilized on DEAE cellulose. Michaelis constant Km of immobilized enzyme at 69oC was found to be 27.21 g/l by the Lineweaver-Burk plot.
Training and Detraining Effects Following a Static Stretching Program on Medial Gastrocnemius Passive Properties

A stretching intervention program is performed to maintain and improve range of motion (ROM) in sports and rehabilitation settings. However, there is no consensus on the effects of stretching programs on muscle stiffness, likely due to short stretching durations used in each session. Therefore, a longer stretching exercise session may be required to decrease muscle stiffness in the long-term. Moreover, until now, the retention effect (detraining) of such an intervention program is not clear yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the training (5-week) and detraining effects (5-week) of a high-volume stretching intervention on ankle dorsiflexion ROM (DF ROM) and medial gastrocnemius muscle stiffness. Fifteen males participated in this study and the plantarflexors of the dominant limb were evaluated. Static stretching intervention was performed using a stretching board for 1,800 s at 2 days per week for 5 weeks. DF ROM was assessed, and muscle stiffness was calculated from passive torque and muscle elongation during passive dorsiflexion test. The results showed significant changes in DF ROM and muscle stiffness after the stretching intervention program, but the values returned to baseline after the detraining period. Our results indicate that high-volume stretching intervention (3,600 s per week) may be beneficial for DF ROM and muscle stiffness, but the training effects are dismissed after a detraining period with the same duration of the intervention.
New Insights Into Biomphalysin Gene Family Diversification in the Vector Snail Biomphalaria glabrata

Aerolysins initially characterized as virulence factors in bacteria are increasingly found in massive genome and transcriptome sequencing data from metazoans. Horizontal gene transfer has been demonstrated as the main way of aerolysin-related toxins acquisition in metazoans. However, only few studies have focused on their potential biological functions in such organisms. Herein, we present an extensive characterization of a multigene family encoding aerolysins - named biomphalysin - in Biomphalaria glabrata snail, the intermediate host of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Our results highlight that duplication and domestication of an acquired bacterial toxin gene in the snail genome result in the acquisition of a novel and diversified toxin family. Twenty-three biomphalysin genes were identified. All are expressed and exhibited a tissue-specific expression pattern. An in silico structural analysis was performed to highlight the central role played by two distinct domains i) a large lobe involved in the lytic function of these snail toxins which constrained their evolution and ii) a small lobe which is structurally variable between biomphalysin toxins and that matched to various functional domains involved in moiety recognition of targets cells. A functional approach suggests that the repertoire of biomphalysins that bind to pathogens, depends on the type of pathogen encountered. These results underline a neo-and sub-functionalization of the biomphalysin toxins, which have the potential to increase the range of effectors in the snail’s immune arsenal.
Pre-concentration of Cd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) on a column packed with free carboxymethylcellulose (CMCH)

Carboxymethylcellulose packed in to a glass column was used to pre-concentrate metallic cations from aqueous solutions. The pre-concentrated metal cations are directly eluted from the column using 5.0 mL of 1.0 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid. The optimum pre-concentration conditions are given (glass column, 16 cm length, 0.80 cm i.d., stationary phase height of 12 cm, flow-rate, 1.5 mL min-1). The recuperation efficiency achieved is greater than 95%, while the enrichment factor is 10 for 50 mL of solution (0.50 mg L-1 each).
Influence of Polymer End Groups on Crystallization and Morphology of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Synthesized in Homogeneous Phase with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) samples from homogeneous phase polymerizations in supercritical CO2 and subsequent expansion to ambient conditions were analyzed with respect to polymer end groups, crystallinity, type of polymorphs, and morphology. Upon expansion the polymer was obtained as white particles. Scanning electron microscopy showed that DTBP (di-tert-butyl peroxide) derived polymer end groups lead to stack-type particles whereas sponge- or rose-type particles were obtained in case of chain transfer agent fragments as end groups. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and WAXD (wide-angle X-ray diffraction) indicated that the type of polymorph, α or β crystal phase, is significantly affected by the type of end group. In addition, the crystallinity of the material, as determined via differential scanning calorimetry, is affected by the end groups and polymer molecular weights. For example, with Mn around 6700 g·mol−1 crystallinity ranges from 29% for DTBP-derived endgroups to a maximum of.
Optical Properties of Zn-Doped CeO2 Nanoparticles as a Function of Zn Content

CeO2 and Zn-doped CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by simple precipitation method in water/isopropanol mixed solvent from cerium nitrate and zinc nitrate with various mole ratios. The precipitates were then calcined at 300°C for 4 hours and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and uv-vis spectroscopy. Characterization by x-ray diffraction shows that high crystallinity of cubic fluorite structure of CeO2 with crystallite size in the range 6 12 nm depending on Zn content. CeO2 nanoparticles exhibits tranparent in the visible region and strong absorbance in the ultra-violet region. It was also found that significant effect of Zn content on transmittance and optical band gap. In addition, Zn substitution into Ce suppressing photocatalytic activity of pure CeO2 nanoparticle under sunlight irradiation. These results suggest that Zn-doped CeO2 nanoparticle is more prommising for safer optical UV-absorbers.
Physicochemical characterization of lignins from rice straw by hydrogen peroxide treatment

Extraction of the dewaxed rice straw with 1% NaOH at 55°C for 2 h and following treatment without and with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 45°C for 12 h at pH 11.5 resulted in a dissolution of 68.3, 85.4, 89.4, 92.3, 92.3, 94.3, and 95.1% of the original lignin, respectively. Meanwhile, the two-stage treatment together solubilized 67.2, 77.2, 78.7, 83.7, 85.5, 87.3, and 88.5% of the original hemicelluloses and degraded 2.5, 9.8, 11.8, 12.1, 15.6, 16.4, and 17.8% of the original cellulose under the conditions given, respectively. Analyses of these lignins revealed that alkali-soluble lignin fractions did not suffer sever oxidation, but nearly 60% of the original lignin was dissolved out during the first stage of alkali treatment. In the second stage of alkaline peroxide treatment, the residual lignins were substantially released and enriched in oxidized carbonyl and carboxyl groups. In comparison, the isolated eight pure lignin samples were further characterized by both destructive methods such as alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and nondestructive techniques such as ultraviolet (UV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR) as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the results are reported. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 719–732, 2001