Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic Loading on a Bottom Hinged Oscillating Wave Surge Converter

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies into the hydrodynamic loading of a bottom-hinged large buoyant flap held rigidly upright in waves. Possible applications and limitations of physical experiments, a linear potential analytical method, a linear potential numerical method, a weakly non-linear tool and RANS CFD simulations are discussed. Different domains of applicability of these research techniques are highlighted considering the validity of underlying assumptions, complexity of application and feasibility in terms of resources like time and computing power needed to obtain results. Conclusions are drawn regarding the future extension of the numerical methods to the case of a moving flap.
Low‐latitude ionospheric electric and magnetic field disturbances in response to solar wind pressure enhancements

[1] We study the characteristics of the low-latitude ionospheric electric field and geomagnetic field in response to a sudden enhancement of the solar wind pressure. When the magnetosphere is compressed by an interplanetary shock, a significant enhancement in the dayside equatorial ionospheric ion vertical velocity occurs over 30–40 min and is measured by the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar. A similar enhancement occurs in the high-latitude ionospheric convection and is detected by the SuperDRAN HF radars. The simultaneous enhancements of the ionospheric ion velocity at high and low latitudes provide strong evidence of the occurrence of penetration electric fields produced by solar wind pressure enhancements. The geomagnetic field first increases rapidly over 2–3 min and then falls over 30–40 min to an asymptotic value. The enhanced magnetic field occurs from the subauroral region to the equator at all local times. The time scale of 30–40 min is much longer than the conventional preliminary and main impulses of geomagnetic response to interplanetary shocks. There are two possible mechanisms that may be responsible for the generation of the enhanced ionospheric electric and magnetic fields. One mechanism is that the solar wind shock causes an over-compression of the magnetosphere, and the other is that the field-aligned and ionospheric currents driven by the solar wind shock cause the enhancements of the ionospheric electric and magnetic fields. However, neither of the mechanisms appears to be able to provide a complete explanation of all observed features.
A determination of the solar abundance of iron from the strong lines of Fe I

The solar abundance of iron is determined from strong lines of Fe I with well-determined f-values using collision-damping constants for the lines from the theory of Anstee & O'Mara. The derived abundance is independent of non-thermal motions in the solar photosphere and is in excellent agreement with the meteoritic abundance of iron. The results are discussed in the light of recent determinations of the abundance based on medium-strong lines of Fe I which have been a subject of some controversy. The results are also used to assess the accuracy of the line-broadening theory.
Higgs Physics Beyond the Standard Model

On the 4th of July 2012, the discovery of a new scalar particle with a mass of order 125 GeV was announced by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. An important era is now opening: the precise determination of the properties of the produced particle. This is of extreme importance in order to establish that this particle is indeed the relic of the mechanism responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking and to pin down effects of new physics if additional ingredients beyond those of the Standard Model are involved in the symmetry breaking mechanism. In this thesis we have tried to understand and characterize to which extent this new scalar field is the Standard Model Higgs Boson and set the implications of this discovery in the context of Supersymmetric theories and dark matter models.In a first part devoted to the Standard Model of particle physics, we discuss the Higgs pair production processes at the LHC and the main output of our results is that they al-low for the determination of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling which represents a first important step towards the reconstruction of the Higgs potential and thus the final verifica-tion of the Higgs mechanism as the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking.The second part is about Supersymmetric theories. After a review of the topics one of our result is to set strong restrictions on Supersymmetric models after the Higgs discov-ery. We also introduce a new approach which would allow experimentalists to efficiently look for supersymmetric heavy Higgs bosons at current and next LHC runs.The third part concerns dark matter. We present results which give strong constraints on Higgs-portal models. We finally discuss alternative non-thermal dark matter scenario. Firstly, we demonstrate that there exists a tight link between the reheating temperature and the scheme of the Standard Model gauge group breaking and secondly we study the genesis of dark matter by a Z’ portal.
Resonant interactions in thermosolutal convection

When convection occurs in a finite box, successive modes become unstable as the Rayleigh number is increased, giving rise to branches of nonlinear solutions that are linked by mixed–mode branches emerging from Hopf, transcritical or pitchfork bifurcations. The fundamental mode, in particular, gives rise to resonant interactions. Several specific examples of these generic features have already been described. Here we study resonant interactions in two–dimensional thermosolutal convection (with point symmetry imposed), where behaviour is enriched by the presence of oscillations and of subcritical steady convection. Steady m–roll solutions are obtained numerically and their stability properties are investigated by computing the leading real and complex eigenvalues. We find that the branch of fundamental m = 1 solutions for a box with aspect ratio λ = 1.5 develops loops that touch the m = 3 branch in transcritical bifurcations. As λ is reduced these loops detach themselves from the m = 1 branch and eventually join the stacked m = 2 branch. Increasing λ, on the other hand, leads to complicated triple resonances involving m = 1, m = 3 and m = 5 solutions. These resonant interactions are associated with pattern selection and the transfer of stability from single–roll to multiple–roll solutions in wider boxes.
Incoherent scatter spectral bandwidth and its applications

We derive an analytical expression of equivalent incoherent scatter spectral bandwidth and discuss its practical and interpretative usefulness at different altitude ranges. In the region above 120 km, where collision can be neglected, the equivalent bandwidth is a simple function of electron and ion temperature, ion mass, and ion composition. In the collision‐dominated D region, equivalent bandwidth can be used to conveniently assess the effect of negative ions. As an example to illustrate the usefulness of the equivalent bandwidth, we also present nighttime incoherent scatter E region temperature measurement, which has not been reported previously for middle and low latitudes.
Laser radar characterization of atmospheric aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere using range dependent lidar ratio

Laser radar (lidar) provides an excellent tool for characterizing the physical properties of atmospheric aerosols which play a very important role in modifying the radiative budget of the Earth's atmosphere. One of the important issues in lidar research is to derive accurate backscattering or extinction coefficient profiles required for understanding the basic mechanisms in the formation of aerosols and identifying their sources and sinks. Most of the inversion methods used for deriving the aerosol coefficients assume a range independent value for the extinction-to- backscattering ratio [lidar ratio, (LR)]. However, it is known that in a realistic atmosphere the value of LR is range dependent and varies with the physical and chemical properties of the aerosols. In this paper, we use a variant of widely applied Klett's method to obtain the range dependent LR values and derive the aerosol extinction profiles with good accuracy. We present the lidar derived aerosol extinction profiles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere corresponding to different seasons of the year of two distinctly different stations in the Indian subcontinent namely Trivandrum (8.33° N, 77° E), Kerala, India, a coastal station and Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), Tirupati, India an inland station. The range dependent LR is derived corresponding to different seasons of the year at the two stations. The lidar ratio, aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC), aerosol scattering ratio and aerosol optical depth show strong to medium seasonal variation at both the stations. The lidar ratio values at Trivandum vary in the range of 11-38 sr whereas the values range from 20-34 sr at Gadanki. AEC values at the Trivandum station vary from 7.9x10 -6 to 6.9x10 -5 m -1 and at Gadanki station the variation is from 1.27x10 -5 to 6.9x10 -5 m -1. It is proposed to use back-trajectory analysis to understand the sources of aerosol at the two stations.
Microstructure and superconductivity of Cu addition MgB2 wires using Mg2Cu compound as additional source material

The advantages of the MgB2 compound are the high Tc value (39 K) and lower material cost than other superconducting metallic compounds. In addition, MgB2 wire has a shorter decay time for induced radioactive properties than Nb-based superconductors. However, the Jc value of MgB2 wire is poor compared with Nb-based superconductors, and further improvement of Jc is required if the compound is to be used in a future nuclear fusion reactor. In order to improve Jc, we investigated Cu addition using the Mg2Cu compound in MgB2/Fe-sheathed wires through the powder-in-tube (PIT) process. Tc values of Cu addition samples were higher than those of non-Cu addition samples and they were improved with increasing Cu addition. We obtained maximum core Jc values over 100 A mm−2 at 4.2 K under 8 T for 1 and 3 at. % Cu addition samples. Moreover, we found that Cu addition was more effective at improving the value of Jc in low and middle magnetic fields than the SiC addition process.
Temperature Dependent Dielectric Properties of Coplanar Phase Shifters Fabricated from Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Thin Films

This paper presents an analysis of the temperature dependent properties and performance of coplanar waveguide transmission lines on Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) thin films. Comparison of the temperature dependent permittivity at microwave frequencies with models of heterogeneous ferroelectrics reveals significant physical properties, such as the Curie temperature, Curie-Weiss constant, and statistical defects in the films. The maximum phase shift and tunability are obtained at the temperature where the permittivity is highest.
A homogenization method for estimating the bearing capacity of soils reinforced by columns

The ultimate bearing capacity problem of a strip foundation resting on a soil reinforced by a group of regularly spaced columns is investigated in the situation when both the native soil and reinforcing material are purely cohesive. Making use of the yield design homogenization approach, it is shown that such a problem may be dealt with as a plane strain yield design problem, provided that the reinforced soil macroscopic strength condition has been previously determined. Lower and upper bound estimates for such a macroscopic criterion are obtained, thus giving evidence of the reinforced soil strong anisotropy. Performing the upper bound kinematic approach on the homogenized bearing capacity problem, by using the classical Prandtl's failure mechanism, makes it then possible to derive analytical upper bound estimates for the reinforced foundation bearing capacity, as a function of the reinforced soil parameters (volume fraction and cohesion ratio), as well as of the relative extension of the reinforced area. It is shown in particular that such an estimate is closer to the exact value of the ultimate bearing capacity, than that derived from a direct analysis which implicitly assumes that the reinforced soil is an isotropic material. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic anisotropy of bulk GaN:Mn single crystals codoped with Mg acceptors

Magnetization measurements of the wurtzite highly resistive bulk crystals of GaN:Mn, codoped with Mg, are presented. Strong anisotropy of magnetization at low temperatures s 2‐1 0 Kd was observed. The data were analyzed assuming Mn ions in d 4 configuration. The crystal field model taking into account cubic field of tetrahedral symmetry, trigonal field along the c-axis simulating hexagonal structure, tetragonal static JahnTeller distortion, and the spin-orbit interaction provides good description of the experimental magnetization data.
Bayesian assessment of dimensionality in reduced rank regression

We consider Bayesian inference about the dimensionality in the multivariate reduced rank regression framework, which encompasses several models such as MANOVA, factor analysis and cointegration models for multiple time series. The fractional Bayes approach is used to derive a closed form approximation to the posterior distribution of the dimensionality and some asymptotic properties of the approximation are proved. Finite sample properties are studied by simulation and the method is applied to growth curve data and cointegrated multivariate time series.
Twisted-free ten-parameter family of partially coherent general anisotropic Gaussian Schell model (TF-AGSM) beams

We investigate the twist properties of the ten-parameter family of partially coherent general anisotropic Gaussian Schell model (AGSM) beams passing through first-order optical systems. By utilizing the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral for asymmetric first-order optical systems, the explicit twist expressions for the principal axes of intensity distribution, transverse coherence distribution and the principal curvatures of phase front in the cross-spectral density function of AGSM beams are obtained. In some special cases when the beams are the twist Gaussian Schell-Model, Gaussian Schell-Model, Li-Wolf and Gori-Guattari beams, our results reduce to well known expressions. It is shown that, under some conditions, although the ten parameters are all not zero and any one of the intensity distributions, transverse coherence distribution and the phase front has its independent principal axis, the beam spot does not twist when the beam passing through free-space. As a result, special partially coherent beams called the twisted-free ten-parameter family of partially coherent general anisotropic Gaussian Schell model (TF-AGSM) beams are introduced and their properties are discussed.
Numerical Study of Shock-Reflection Hysteresis in an Underexpanded Jet

Shock-ree ection hysteresis and plume structure in a low-density, axisymmetric highly underexpanded air jet is examined using a Navier ‐Stokes e ow solver. This type of jet is found in a number of applications, e.g., rocket exhausts and fuel injectors. The plume structure is complex, involving the interaction of several e ow features, making this a demanding problem. Two types of shock ree ection appear to occur in the plume, regular and Mach, depending on the jet pressure ratio. The existence of a dual solution domain where either type may occur has been predicted, in agreement with experiment where the same phenomenon has been observed for a nitrogen jet. There is a hysteresis in the shock-ree ection type; the ree ection type observed in the dual-solution domain depends on the time history of the plume development. A quasi-steady approach is employed to calculate the entire hysteresis loop. An implicit, multiblock structured, e nite volume e ow solver is used. The results of the computational study are used to examine the structure of the plume and are compared with experimental data where possible. Some e ow features not initially recognized from experiment have been identie ed, notably curvature of the Mach disk, recirculation behind the Mach disk, and the regular ree ection having Mach-ree ection characteristics.
Analysis and design of a two-octave polarization rotator for microwave frequency

The analysis and design of a 45 degrees polarization rotator are presented. A two-octave frequency band is achieved with only three grids of strips, each rotated with respect to the previous one. Over this band the transmission loss is less than 0.5 dB, the circular polarization ratio is less than 2.0 dB, and the major axis of the polarization ellipse forms 45 degrees +or-3 degrees with respect to the linear polarization direction of the incident plane wave. The analysis method is an original scheme based upon the conjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) method to analyze periodic structures and the generalized scattering matrix method to study their connection. A comparison between numerical and measured data is presented. >
Vortex instabilities in three-dimensional boundary layers: the relationship between Görtler and crossflow vortices

The inviscid and viscous stability problems are addressed for a boundary layer which can support both Görtler and crossflow vortices. The change in structure of Görtler vortices is found when the parameter representing the degree of three-dimensionality of the basic boundary-layer flow under consideration is increased. It is shown that crossflow vortices emerge naturally as this parameter is increased and ultimately become the only possible vortex instability of the flow. It is shown conclusively that at sufficiently large values of the crossflow there are no unstable Görtler vortices present in a boundary layer which, in the zero-crossflow case, is centrifugally unstable. The results suggest that in many practical applications Görtler vortices cannot be a cause of transition because they are destroyed by the three-dimensional nature of the basic state. In swept-wing flows the Görtler mechanism is probably not present for typical angles of sweep of about 20°. Some discussion of the receptivity problem for vortex instabilities in weakly three-dimensional boundary layers is given; it is shown that inviscid modes have a coupling coefficient marginally smaller than those of the fastest growing viscous modes discussed recently by Denier, Hall & Seddougui (1991). However, the fact that the growth rates of the inviscid modes are the larger in most situations means that they are probably the more likely source of transition.
And I say to myself: “What a fractional world!”

This paper discusses several complex systems in the perspective of fractional dynamics. For prototype systems are considered the cases of deoxyribonucleic acid decoding, financial evolution, earthquakes events, global warming trend, and musical rhythms. The application of the Fourier transform and of the power law trendlines leads to an assertive representation of the dynamics and to a simple comparison of their characteristics. Moreover, the gallery of different systems, both natural and man made, demonstrates the richness of phenomena that can be described and studied with the tools of fractional calculus.
Mesoscale Characteristics and Structures of Stratiform Precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau.

During the GAME-Tibet Intensive Observation Period (IOP), the precipitation radar (PR) of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite detected a diurnal cycle of rainfall in Tibet. Much rainfall was brought both by convection in the daytime and by stratiform precipitation over a wide rain area in the evening and night. Two case studies were conducted to clarify the structure of stratiform rainfall in the nighttime. In Case 1 (7 and 8 July 1998), stratiform precipitation was observed in the evening and night. On 7 July, a synoptic convergence area developed in the southern part of the Plateau in the evening. Southwesterly wind dominated above the 6 km ASL, but the wind direction below 6 km ASL was variable during the rainfall. When the mesoscale convergence strengthened, the rainfall amount became large. On 8 July, a convergence zone between southwesterly wind and northerly wind was detected and passed over the radar site in the evening. A sudden wind direction change from westerly to northwesterly was observed below 8 km ASL from the vertical profiles at the radar site. The boundary between the two wind directions may correspond to the cold frontal surface. However, the precipitation with the frontal passage was stratiform and had a low echo top. The variation of rainfall on the two days was consistent with the diurnal variation revealed by TRMM PR. In Case 2 (1 and 2 August 1998), there was no remarkable disturbance in the synoptic field, but much rainfall (exceeding 4 mm/h) was observed in the midnight. A 90 km-diameter stratiform echo stayed over the radar site for seven hours. Below 6 km ASL, the wind direction varied from northerly to northeasterly, then to easterly. When northeasterly wind dominated, the convergence in the lower layer strengthened and stratiform precipitation was intensified. Mesoscale convergence of moist air in the lower layer effectively contributes to development and maintenance of stratiform rainfall.
Measurements of the velocity field downstream of an impeller

The velocity field downstream of a model impeller operating in water was measured using a two-component laser doppler velocimeter. The investigation focused on the spatial development of the mean velocity in the axial, radial, and circumferential direction, although simultaneous measurements were performed of the velocity unsteadiness from which turbulence characteristics were inferred. The measurements extended up to 12 impeller diameters downstream of the blades displaying the properties of the generated swirling jet both in the zone of flow establishment and the zone of established flow. The division between these zones was made based on similarity of the mean axial velocity profile. Integral properties of the flow such as volume and momentum flux were computed from the measured velocity profiles. The transverse spreading of the impeller jet and its development towards self-similarity were examined and compared with non-swirling jets and swirling jets generated by other means.
Injection-Avalanche-Based n+pn Silicon Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Light-Emitting Device (450–750 nm) with 2-Order-of-Magnitude Increase in Light Emission Intensity

In this paper, we report on an increase in emission intensity of up to 10 nW/µm2 that has been realized with a new novel two junction, diagonal avalanche control, and minority carrier injection silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) light emitting device (LED). The device utilizes a four-terminal configuration with two embedded shallow n+p junctions in a p substrate. One junction is kept in deep-avalanche and light-emitting mode, while the other junction is forward biased and minority carrier electrons are injected into the avalanching junction. The device has been realized using standard 0.35 µm CMOS design rules and fabrication technology and operates at 9 V in the current range 0.1–3 mA. The optical output power is about one order of magnitude higher for previous single-junction n+p light-emitting devices while the emission intensity is about two orders of magnitude higher than for single-junction devices. The optical output is about three orders of magnitude higher than the low-frequency detectivity limit of silicon p–i–n detectors of comparable dimensions. The realized characteristics may enable diverse optoelectronic applications in standard-CMOS-silicon-technology-based integrated circuitry.