Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity status of a protected area in West Himalaya: Askot Wildlife Sanctuary

SUMMARY Biodiversity of a protected area of West Himalaya (Askot Wildlife Sanctuary) was studied and analysed for landscape, faunal and floral diversity. The forest and pasture land, ideal habitats for the flora and fauna, covered nearly 52% and 12%, respectively, of total reported area. Among the fauna Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), thar (Himitragus jemlahicus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), koklas (Pucrassia macrolophas), monal (Lophophorus impejanus) and snow cock (Tetragalus tibetanus) are threatened species. Plant diversity is represented by 1262 species of vascular plants (Angiosperm 1112, Gymnosperm 7, Pteridophytes 143 taxa). Diversity of the species within families, genera, habitats, communities and along vertical gradient zone was analysed. Maximum diversity existed in the family Orchidaceae (120 taxa), genera Polystichum (13 taxa), altitude zone (1001–2000 m; 860 taxa), habitat (forest; 623 taxa) and community (Banj oak: 92 taxa). Seventy-one families were found to be monotypic. S.
Pathogenic fungi in garlic seed cloves and first report of Fusarium proliferatum causing cloves rot of stored bulbs in upper Egypt

Isolation trails from garlic seed cloves of certain cultivars commercially distributed and rotted cloves of stored Baladi cultivar during 2010 and 2011 in different regions of Sohag, Egypt resulted in detection of four fungal genera Aspergillus, Botrytis, Fusarium and Penicillium. Moreover, Fusarium spp. was the most dominant fungi. Koch’ postulates were performed on cloves, seedlings and potted garlic plants. Results showed that isolates of F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani were superior to other tested fungi and induced the highest cloves rot (CR). F. oxysporum highly reduced clove germination (CG), produced extensive seedlings damping-off and induced highly disease severity index of rotted roots/cloves followed by F. solani. Unexpectedly, it was found that F. proliferatum is contaminated and colonised seed cloves, extremely reduced CG and following harvesting caused the highest CR of stored bulbs. To our knowledge, this is first notice for occurrence of F. proliferatum causing CR of stored garlic bulbs in Egypt.
Supplementary Material: HCNAF

In this section, we present the results of an ablation study conducted on the test set (10% of the dataset) of the Virtual Simulator experiment to investigate the impact of different hyper-networks inputs on the POM forecasting performance. As mentioned in Section 4 and 5.1, each 5-second snippet is divided into a 1-second long history and a 4second long prediction horizons. All the inputs forming the conditions C used in the ablation study are extracted from the history portion, and are listed below.
Application of microsatellite primers for the social wasp Polistes to another social wasp genus, Parapolybia, to estimate genetic relationships among nestmates

We tested 14 pairs of microsatellite primers that had been developed for the genus Polistes to assess their applicability for determining genetic structure in a colony of the genus Parapolybia. At least one of the 14 Polistes primer sets was useful for Parapolybia indica, and the locus identified by this primer set was highly polymorphic. Using this primer set, we estimated the average relatedness among female nestmates of Parapolybia indica to be 0.82 ± 0.05 (mean ± SE), indicating that in this species single mating is normal, although some cases of multiple mating was found.
Biology of Cathartus Quadricollis Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera:Silvanidae) on Some Selected Food Media

The life cycle of Cathartus quadricollis (Guerin-Meneville) was studied under ambient laboratory condition on maize, sorghum, wheat, cowpea and melon. Egg hatchability was found to be 95.5% with an incubation period of 3–7 days. Five larval instars were recorded based on head-capsule width measurements. The growth ratio of the head-capsule width ranged from 1.05–1.20 with a grand mean of 1.12. This range falls within the acceptable range in Dyar’s rule. The mean growth rate of C. quadricollis after 2 weeks of rearing on maize, sorghum, melon, wheat and cowpea, ranged from 22.4 to 1.6. While the mean developmental periods of C. quadricollis on the selected food media ranged from 18.80 days on cut maize to 30.70 days on cut cowpea. RésuméL’évolution de Carthartus quadricollis (Guerin-Meneville) était étudiée sous conditions ambiance de laboratoire, sur maïs, sorgho, blé et melon. L’éclosion d’oeuf était de 95,5% avec une période d’incubation de 3 à 7 jours. On a noté cinq phases morphologiques larvaires basés sur les mesures des largeurs des têtes. L’accroissement raison des largeurs des têtes rangé de 1,05–1,11 avec un moyen grandiose de 1,2. Cette limite se conformait à la loi de Dyar. La moyenne vitesse de croissance de C. quadricollis après deux semaines d’élever sur maïs, sorgho, melon, blé et niébé, rangée de 22,4 à 1,6. Tandis que les périodes moyennes développement de C. quadricollis sur les merchandises selectionnées rangées de 18,80 jours en maïs coupé à 30,70 jours en niébé coupé.
Mixed-Race Women

Abstract Within the last two decades, researchers have found that the majority of mixed-race individuals are psychologically healthy, experience similar life events as other people of color, and encounter additional discrimination and stresses due to their mixed-race status. The experiences of mixed-race women differ from mixed-race men along severaldimensions: belonging and acceptance, physical appearance, cultural stereotypes, ethnic identity, power and guilt, and dating and marriage. It is important for mental health practitioners to understand how these experiences affect a mixed-race woman's life.
Diversity of Sertoli cells in the testis of Saduria entomon L. (Crustacea, Isopoda)

Summary The present paper is the first to give a comprehensive and detailed characterization of Sertoli cells in the isopod, Saduria entomon, based on transmission electron microscopy. Two types of Sertoli cells, A and B, were distinguished which clearly differ in their location in the wall of the testicular tubule, and in their morphology, ultrastructure, and function. Their occurrence is closely connected with the characteristic arrangement of germ cells inside the tubule. Sertoli A cells occupy only the part of the tubule containing spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes and they are associated with these cells by means of numerous ramified processes running in many directions. They are irregular in shape, but their shape and the ultrastructure are stable during maturation of the germ cells. Sertoli B cells, which compose most of the testicular tubule wall, form a columnar epithelium. They send long processes into the lumen of the tubule by means of which they make contact with maturing spermatids. The cytoarchitecture of the processes is highly variable and reflects their role in spermiogenesis and the formation of sperm bundles. After spermiation, when the apical part of the Sertoli cells has become flattened, they phagocytoze the residual cytoplasmic masses of spermatids, which undergo degradation in heterophagic vacuoles. Simultaneously, numerous autophagic vesicles appear.
Restoration of exact design for partial compression perpendicular to the grain

Abstract To correct the empirical design rules for locally loaded beams and blocks of Eurocode 5, the theoretical explanation of these rules and of the applied test data is given. It appears that the design rule may be far too conservative, or too unsafe in other cases, and only approximately applies for thin long bearing blocks and not for the short test specimens and support stresses of beams. The theory of the determining influence of load spreading possibility on the strength is verified by all other sufficient extended investigations leading to simple and reliable design rules.
Nitrogen contribution of field pea in annual cropping systems. 1. Nitrogen residual effect

The nitrogen (N) residual effect of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) to a succeeding non-legume crop was determined in a small plot experiment at Scott, Saskatchewan in the moist Dark Brown soil climatic zone, and in a small plot and landscape experiment near Melfort, Saskatchewan in the moist Black soil climatic zone from 1993 to 1995. The N residual effect, defined as the amount of fertilizer N required for a non-legume crop grown on non-legume stubble to produce the same yield as that of the non-legume grown on field pea stubble, averaged 27 and 12 kg N ha−1 at Melfort and Scott, respectively, in the small plot experiment, and 28 kg N ha−1 in the landscape experiment. Landscape slope position and preseeding tillage did not have a significant or consistent effect on the magnitude of the N residual effect of field pea to the succeeding non-legume crop. The N residual effect, calculated using the difference (economic N rate) method, was presumably due solely to the N benefit, with no non-N benefit contributio.
Utilization of AlPO4 as a phosphorus source by ectomycorrhizal Pinus rigida Mill. seedlings.

SUMMARY Mycorrhizal infection of roots of Pinus rigida Mill, seedlings by Pisolithus tinctorius Coker & Couch maintained normal foliar P relations when seedlings were exposed to Al in solution. To investigate how this symbiosis aids in P acquisition in the presence of Al, seedlings were grown in sand culture with solutions containing between 1 and 50 μM NaH2PO4 (Pi) with or without insoluble AlPO4 in the substrate. Mycorrhizal seedlings had a higher affinity for Pi than non-mycorrhizal seedlings as judged by superior growth and foliar P contents at all Pi levels tested. In addition, mycorrhizal seedlings, but not nonmycorrhizal seedlings, effectively extracted P from AlPO4 through the dissolution of this insoluble salt. Measurement of matrix solution pH indicated that increased proton production, in association with high proliferation of mycorrhizal roots under P-limiting conditions, led to increased AlPO4 solubilization.
First report of two Mesocriconema (Nematoda: Criconematidae) species in mulberry trees in Costa Rica

Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of mulberry ( Morus alba L.) trees, in a 1,000 m 2 plot, at the Experimental Farm Santa Lucia, in Barva, Heredia, Costa Rica, in August 2013. The plants showed symptoms of yellowing, declining and poor development. Specimens of two ring nematode were collected from the soil and identified as Mesocriconema sphaerocephalum (Taylor 1936) Loof 1989 and M. anastomoides (Maqbool & Shahina 1985) Loof & De Grisse 1989 , based on the morphological and morphometrical analysis of females. Both nematodes have been previously found in Costa Rica. However, this is the first report of nematodes from the Criconematidae family associated to mulberry trees and it provides additional information on the distribution of this phytoparasite.
Evidence for α-Helical Conformation of an Essential N-terminal Region in the Human Bcl2 Protein*

A region occupying approximately 24 amino acids near the N terminus of human Bcl2 is essential for this cytoplasmic membrane protein's ability to inhibit apoptosis. Systematic mutagenesis of this N-terminal region indicates that only five hydrophobic and aromatic residues within it are specifically required for function. Computerized secondary structure prediction, together with circular dichroism spectroscopy of synthetic peptides, indicates that the region encompassing these five residues has the propensity to take on an α-helical conformation in the presence of SDS micelles, which presumably mimic the hydrophobic surfaces of cellular membranes or polypeptides. The five critical residues are predicted to be clustered on one face of this putative helix, where they might serve to mediate protein-protein contacts involved in the multimerization of Bcl2 or in the interaction of Bcl2 with other, as yet unidentified components of the apoptotic pathway. Apparent structural homologues of this helical motif are also present in at least some other anti-apoptotic proteins from the Bcl2 family but not in those family members that tend to potentiate, rather than inhibit, apoptosis.
Multivariate Analysis of Spatial Patterns of Morphological Traits in West African Dwarf Goats in Three Agro-ecological Zones of Nigeria

Abstract Yakubu, A. , Salako, A.E. and Imumorin, I.G. 2010. Multivariate analysis of spatial patterns of morphological traits in West African dwarf goats in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 38: 257–260. A multivariate analysis of phenotypic trait distribution across agro-ecological zones (tropical rainforest, guinea savanna and sudan savanna zones) in Nigeria was carried out on 302 West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Most of the morphometric traits of rainforest and guinea savanna goats were higher (P<0.05) than those of the sudan savanna zone. Abdominal circumference, rump width, ear length, chest depth and cannon circumference were the most discriminating variables among the goats of the three zones. Based on Mahalanobis distances, the least differentiation was observed between rainforest and guinea savanna goats. Only 24.38% of rainforest and 22.86% of guinea savanna goats were classified into their source population. The relatively low morphometric distances as well as intermingling between the three goat populations indicate that they are homogenous and share similar genetic identities. This could aid in their conservation and formulation of appropriate breeding and selection strategies.
Soil Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Human Disturbance

Abstract The aim of this paper is to try to face up to the increasing demand for soil bioindicators to determine the state of health of the environment. Terrestrial ecosystems are contaminated by a wide range of pollutants originating from different sources and having very different distributions. Animals, plants, and, more generally, ecological community patterns seem to be able to register qualitative and quantitative environmental changes due to anthropogenic activities. A clear and accurate definitive generalization of the response of invertebrate populations to direct and indirect environmental stresses is very difficult; many variables can interact, such as the particular invertebrate species and/or the developmental stage exposed to the stress, the particular environmental stress due to different pollutants, and the environmental physical factors as well, sometimes intervening in complex patterns.
Coyote adult–pup interactions in the first 3 months

We examined the distribution of aggressive and affiliative interactions between four adult coyotes (two females and two males) and a litter of pups, 1 to 3 months of age. While most interactions were affiliative, encounter types were distributed differently among different adult–pup group pairs, with significant main effects plus two- and three-way statistical interactions involving (i) individual adults, (ii) initiator, and (iii) quality of encounters. From the outset of our study, pups treated adults differently, even though the total number of interactions with different adults was similar. The most marked differences were between the mother and nulliparous female, with the former being highly affiliative and the latter highly aggressive. The males were mostly affiliative. In spite of the aggressive initiations and rebuffs by the nulliparous female, the pups persisted in their affiliative initiations towards her. These data reflect important socialization processes and contextual factors that may contr.
The good, the bad and the ugly? Evaluating three models of implementing the Valletta Convention

Abstract In World Archaeology 41(4), Kristian Kristiansen discussed the various ways in which European countries implement the principle of developer funding for archaeological research promoted by the Valletta Convention of 1992. The main issue is whether archaeological research is considered a public responsibility or a private enterprise. Kristiansen (2009: 644) made a comparison of the implications that these two approaches have for the quality of archaeological work, the assurance of academic standards and, ultimately, for the production of knowledge. His conclusion was that the choice between the ‘socialist’ approach and the ‘capitalist’ approach is basically a choice between a knowledge-producing archaeology and a fact-producing archaeology. As the Netherlands is one of the ‘model countries’ from which Kristiansen draws his conclusions, my aim with this article is to reflect on his analysis from the Dutch perspective and to demonstrate that it cannot be claimed that the ‘capitalist’ model produces facts rather than knowledge. Second, the option for a given model has major consequences and it may not do justice to the complexity of the matter if we reduce it to knowledge production. I will look into some other issues that should be taken into account in a consideration of the various models.
Genotypic Differences in Effect of Cadmium on Growth Parameters of Barley During Ontogenesis

A solution culture experiment was carried out in a greenhouse to study genotypic differences in the effect of cadmium (Cd) on biomass, root and shoot growth of barley during ontogenesis, by using four cultivars and four Cd levels. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) plants exposed to 0.1 μM Cd showed little difference (p>0.05), compared with control, in growth parameters and biomass accumulation during the first 30 days of Cd exposure, and a slight increase in the later days. Exposure to 1 μM Cd induced a significant decrease and the deleterious effect became diminished with extended exposure of time, which may be attributed to an adaptation to Cd toxicity occurring during ontogenesis. Increasing Cd concentration in the medium to 5 μM caused a sharp decline (p≤0.05) in all measurements and the deleterious effect of Cd became more obvious with extended exposure of time. There was a significant difference among 4 cultivars in the reduction of these parameters caused by Cd toxicity. Zhenong 1 and Wumaoliuling were the least and most affected, respectively. In addition, the difference among genotypes in their response to Cd toxicity basically remained consistent throughout the growth period.
Salinity Induced Effects on Growth Parameters, Chemical and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Cultivars

Plant production stability under saline condition compared to normal has had limited success due to lack of knowledge on salt tolerance mechanisms. To evaluate the changes in chemical and biochemical characteristics (content of free proline and total protein, Na+ and K+) and growth parameters (leaf area, plants height, total tiller number, leaf number, shoot and root weight, percent of emergence, growth rate and growth power) of sorghum under salinity stress, a pot experiment was carried out at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran in 2010. Four salinity levels containing 3, 6, 9, 12 ds m-1 using NaCL and without using NaCL (as control) and also two sorghum cultivars consist of Pegah (Iranian cultivar) and Speedfeed were evaluated in a factorial experiment design with three replications. Results showed that salinity decreased accumulation of K+, emergence percentage and all growth parameters but increased amount of Na+, proline and total protein content in shoot and leaves of treated plants. Multiple regression, stepwise selection, selected root weight and their ratio (shoot/root), leaf area and leaf number per plant, tiller number per plant, photosynthesis rate and also content of K+ as most significant factors for contributing in shoot weight. Stepwise selection and correlation coefficient cleared that root weight is the most important factor in plant shoot production under salinity condition and breeding program must be carried out to screen cultivars with higher root density in order to increase resistance to salinity. Based on the results, Speedfeed is proper cultivar to be used in breeding programs to achieve higher salinity resistance by screening or crossing programs.
Systematics of Vitaceae from the viewpoint of plastid rbcL DNA sequence data

A phylogenetic analysis of plastid rbcL DNA sequences for 20 species of Vitaceae s.l. (including Leeaceae) and eight outgroups from Dilleniaceae and Santalales is presented. Patterns of floral and vegetative morphology and ontogeny within the family are compared to the phylogenetic trees produced. Despite the limited sampling of large and variable genera, there is a good correspondence with hypothesized floral and vegetative ontogenetic trends, with Leea and Ampelopsis ancestral, Cissus and Ampelocissus intermediate and Vitis most derived. A clade containing Parthenocissus, Tetrastigma, Cyphostemma and Vitis is found in all shortest trees. Cyphostemma and Parthenocissus are shown to be closely related to Vitis, to which clade Tetrastigma and Cayratia comprise the sister clade. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 138, 421–432.
Leaf Epidermis Structure in Amelanchier Ovalis Medic. (Rosaceae)

ABSTRACT The leaf epidermis structure of Amelanchier ovalis Medic. was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. Rodlets of crystalloid epicuticular waxes and papillae were observed. Simple single trichomes and cyclocytic stomatal type were described. An attempt was made to estimate all features of taxonomic value which are relevant for further clarification of the relationships within subfamily Maloideae. The epidermal structure shows adaptation to various environmental conditions which explains the broad geographical distribution of the specie.
Cortisol can increase the susceptibility of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., to disease without reducing the white blood cell count

Chronic elevation of plasma cortisol levels in the brown trout by means of slow-release, intraperitoneal implants increased the susceptibility of the fish to disease. Elevation from a mean basal level of 1–4ng ml−1 to ∼10ngml−1 for a period of 2–4 weeks was sufficient to increase the mortality rate due to furunculosis, Saprolegnia infection and bacterial fin-rot. This level of plasma cortisol is well within that capable of being produced by the fish under conditions of chronic stress. The increase in susceptibility to disease was not accompanied by a reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes and it is suggested that under certain conditions chronically-elevated cortisol levels may be more sensitive, predictive indicators of reduced disease-resistance than are changes in blood cell counts.
New Fossil Perca Fish (Teleostei, Percidae) from the Neopleistocenian Sediments of Southern Ukraine

Abstract A new fossil species Perca neopleistocenica Kovalchuk, sp. n. from Southern Ukraine is described. It differs from other species of the genus by width and configuration of praeoperculum, and also by quantity of cogs on the posterior edge of os praeoperculare Описан новый ископаемый вид Perea neopleistocenica Kovalchuk, sp. п. из южной Украины. Он отличается от других видов рода шириной и конфигурацией пред- крышки, а также количеством зубцов на заднем крае os praeoperculare.