Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF A REALISTIC DENSITY STRATIFICATION ON A SIMPLE SOLAR DYNAMO CALCULATION

In our Sun, the magnetic cycle is driven by the dynamo action occurring inside the convection zone, beneath the surface. Rotation couples with plasma turbulent motions to produce organized magnetic fields that erupt at the surface and undergo relatively regular cycles of polarity reversal. Among others, the axisymmetric dynamo models have been proved to be a quite useful tool to understand the dynamical processes responsible for the evolution of the solar magnetic cycle and the formation of the sunspots. Here, we discuss the role played by the radial density stratification on the critical layers of the Sun on the solar dynamo. The current view is that a polytropic description of the density stratification from beneath the tachocline region up to the Sun's surface is sufficient for the current precision of axisymmetric dynamo models. In this work, by using an up-to-date density profile obtained from a standard solar model, which is itself consistent with helioseismic data, we show that the detailed peculiarities of the density in critical regions of the Sun's interior, such as the tachocline, the base of the convection zone, the layers of partial ionization of hydrogen and helium, and the super-adiabatic layer, play a non-negligible role on the evolution of the solar magnetic cycle. Furthermore, we found that the chemical composition of the solar model plays a minor role in the formation and evolution of the solar magnetic cycle.
Career Specialization, Involuntary Worker–Firm Separations, and Employment Outcomes: Why Generalists Outperform Specialists When Their Jobs Are Displaced

Existing theories offer conflicting perspectives regarding the relationship between career specialization and labor market outcomes. While some scholars argue it is better for workers to specialize and focus on one area, others argue it is advantageous for workers to diversify and compile experience across multiple work domains. We attempt to reconcile these competing perspectives by developing a theory highlighting the voluntary versus involuntary nature of worker–firm separations as a theoretical contingency that alters the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with specialized versus generalized careers. Our theory is rooted in the notion that the characteristics of involuntary worker–firm separations (i.e., job displacement) simultaneously amplify the disadvantages associated with specialized careers and the advantages associated with generalized careers, thereby giving displaced generalists a relative advantage over displaced specialists. We find support for our theory in the context of U.S. congressional staffing, using administrative employment records and a regression discontinuity identification strategy that exploits quasi-random staffer displacement resulting from narrowly decided congressional reelection bids. Our theoretical contingency is further supported in supplemental regressions where correlational evidence suggests that while specialists tend to be relatively penalized in the labor market after involuntary separations, specialists appear to be relatively privileged when separations are plausibly voluntary.
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di PAUD Nurul Ikhlas Kemantan Kebalai Kabupaten Kerinci

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the independent curriculum for PAUD Nurul Ikhlas in Kemantan Kebalai, Kerinci, Indonesia. The independent curriculum has changed the paradigm in implementing education at PAUD Nurul Ikhlas. Even though the number of students is 40 people with 5 teachers and 1 educator, PAUD Nurul Ikhlas is a very important PAUD in Kemantan Kebalai in an effort to provide facilities for healthy and optimal child growth and development in accordance with community values, norms & expectations. Research using descriptive quantitative research methods. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire, literature study, observation, and the documentary method. The instruments that researchers use are as follows. Questionnaire and Documentation Guidelines. The results of the study show that Nurul Ikhlas PAUD Education in implementing the independent curriculum is carried out by providing maximum and rich experience and stimulation. So it is necessary to have a conducive environment for the growth and development of children in Kemantan Kebalai. The method and approach used is an independent learning-based approach, including play-learning.
Depth profile of the biaxial strain in a 10 μm thick InN (0001) film

Raman spectroscopy is employed to study the evolution of the residual stresses along the growth direction of an ∼10μm thick wurtzite InN film. The analysis of the spectra, recorded with the excitation laser beam being parallel as well as perpendicular to the c axis of the film, clearly reveals the compressive character of the biaxial strain in the InN layer. The residual compressive strain increases with increasing distance from the InN∕GaN interface in agreement with the transmission electron microscopy observations, which additionally reveal that this is accompanied by a reduction of the threading dislocation density. The interplay between the epilayer/template lattice mismatch and the thermal expansion coefficients may account for these observations.
The rainy season in the Southern Peruvian Andes: A climatological analysis based on the new Climandes index

The rainy season is of high importance for livelihoods in the Southern Peruvian Andes (SPA), especially for agriculture, which is mainly rain fed and one of the main income sources in the region. Therefore, knowledge and predictions of the rainy season such as its onset and ending are crucial for planning purposes. However, such information is currently not readily available for the local population. Moreover, an evaluation of existing rainy season indices shows that they are not optimally suited for the SPA and may not be directly applicable in a forecasting context. Therefore, we develop a new index, named Climandes index, which is tailored to the SPA and designed to be of use for operational monitoring and forecasting purposes. Using this index, we analyse the climatology and trends of the rainy season in the SPA. We find that the rainy season starts roughly between September and January with durations between 3 and 8 months. Both onset and duration show a pronounced northeast‐southwest gradient, regions closer to the Amazon Basin have a considerably longer rainy season. The inter‐annual variability of the onset is very high, that is, 2–5 months depending on the station, while the end of the rainy season shows a much lower variability (i.e., 1.5–3 months). The spatial patterns of total precipitation amount and dry spells within the rainy season are only weakly related to its timing. Trends in rainy season characteristics since 1965 are mostly weak and not significant, but generally indicate a tendency towards a shortening of the rainy season in the whole study area due to a later onset and an increase in precipitation sums during the rainy season in the northwestern study area.
Theory of the Doppler effect: Fact, fiction and approximation

The theory of the generalized Doppler effect, concerning the scattering of waves from arbitrary time-varying objects, is still a vide open class of problems. Over the years, two major approaches have been used for the analysis of the Doppler effect: (1) the “Einstein recipe” of coordinate transformations and (2) the direct solution of the time-dependent boundary-value problem. In addition, numerous approximate methods have been devised. Some approaches, e.g., the so-called quasi-stationary method, are inherently inconsistent, as explained here. As long as uniform rectilinear motion is involved, we stand on relatively firm ground, and various methods and approximations can be compared and evaluated. For nonuniform motion in the presence of plane waves and plane interfaces (including the logical extension to geometrical optics), some results are available, but the problem already involves heuristic assumptions. Some special problems have been solved for two- and three-dimensional configurations, under very restrictive conditions. The general problem of scattering by a time-varying obstacle is still an open problem. A delineation of some methods for solving such problems numerically is given and discussed.
Asymptotically valid prediction intervals for linear models

For estimating the parameters of a linear model, whether by least squares or many robust alternatives, one can use confidence limits that are based on large-sample normal approximations. These limits are asymptotically valid for a wide range of error distributions. Unfortunately, asymptotic validity does not automatically hold for prediction limits for a new observation, because they depend on both parameter estimates and the underlying error distribution. Resampling methods provide prediction limits that are asymptotically valid, but they tend to be computationally intensive, especially when used with robust estimators. This article presents alternative prediction limits that are asymptotically valid, are not based on resampling, and are computationally more tractable than methods that are. They are based on quantiles of a convolution of the empirical distribution of the residuals and the limiting normal distribution of the parameter estimates. Simulations suggest that the proposed limits perform reasona.
Molecular Clouds and Star Formation in the Inner Galaxy: A Comparison of CO, H ii, and Far-Infrared Surveys

Surveys of the galactic plane over galactic latitudes from -1 degree to +1 degree and galactic longitudes from 12 degrees to 60 degrees are compared in the CO line at 2.6 mm, in the far-infrared (FIR) continuum at 150 micrometers and 250 micrometers, and in the radio continuum and H 110-alpha recombination line at 6 cm. The main purposes are to determine the degree of association between FIR sources, H II regions, and molecular clouds in the first quadrant and to describe and analyze the stellar content of these molecular clouds. Among the conclusions it is noted that most FIR sources coincide with HII regions, and nearly all H II regions coincide with molecular clouds, and that clouds in the inner galaxy are probably several tens of millions of years old and may have been producing O stars for only about the most recent 20 percent of their lives.
Enhancement of Cell Behavior by the Polysaccharide Extract of Arthrospira and Potential Biomedical Applications

Arthrospira is one of the most studied cyanobacteria and has been reported with practical applications. Among the substances derived from Arthrospira, polysaccharides have received relatively less attention than phycocyanins, though they have more abundant structural variations and specific properties. Herein, a new Arthrospira-derived sulfated polysaccharide was explored for its potential bioactive functions. The ability of this sulfated polysaccharide to promote the behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs) in three-dimensional hydrogel was examined for the first time. NSCs encapsulated in the sulfated polysaccharide-containing hydrogel showed better proliferation than the control hydrogel as well as a unique cell clustering behavior, i.e., formation of multicellular spherical clusters (40–60 μm). The sulfated polysaccharide, in an appropriate range of concentration (5 mg/mL), also maintained the stemness of NSCs in hydrogel and facilitated their differentiation. In addition, the potentials of the new sulfated polysaccharide as a coating material and as a component for drug carrier were verified. The sulfated polysaccharide-modified substrate exhibited superhydrophilicity (contact angle ~9°) and promoted cell adhesion to the substrate. Composite nanoparticles composed of the sulfated polysaccharide and other differently charged polysaccharides were produced with an average diameter of ~240 nm and estimated drug loading of ~18%. The new Arthrospira-derived sulfated polysaccharide is a promising candidate for cell culture, surface-modification, and drug-delivery applications in the biomedical field.
The dynamical evolution of dense star clusters in galactic nuclei

Un modele d'evolution dynamique des amas stellaires spheriques denses dans les noyaux galactiques, base sur l'equation de Fokker-Plank et incluant les effets de relaxation gravitationnelle de deux corps, les collisions et fusions stellaires, l'evolution stellaire, la formation de nouvelles etoiles provenant de la liberation du gaz due a l'evolution stellaire et les interactions entre les binaires et les etoiles isolees, est developpe. La formation d'etoiles massives, de trous noirs et d'amas d'etoiles compactes est analysee.
Room temperature hydrogen and hydrocarbon sensors based on single nanowires of metal oxides

Hydrogen sensing characteristics of single nanowires of ZnO, TiO2 and WO2.72 have been investigated by contact mode atomic force microscopy. All these nanostructures are able to sense hydrogen, but the WO2.72 nanowire (40 nm diam) exhibits the highest sensitivity of 22 for 1000 ppm at 298 K. The WO2.72 nanowire is also found to be good at sensing aliphatic hydrocarbons in the form of liquefied petroleum gas with a sensitivity of 15 for 1000 ppm at room temperature. A WO2.72 nanowire with a diameter of 40 nm shows better sensing characteristics than a nanowire of 16 nm diameter.
Analisis Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi : Sosialisasi Pajak Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

Revenue in the tax sector in 2021 exceeds the target set at the beginning, but is inversely proportional to the receipt of the Annual Tax Return. This study aims to determine the role of tax socialization in moderating the relationship between taxpayer awareness, taxpayer morale, service quality, and system modernization on individual taxpayer compliance. This type of research is quantitative by using a sample of 100 individual taxpayers and using incidental sampling techniques. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis and Moderated Regression Analysis. The results of this study indicate that taxpayer awareness and modernization of the system have a positive effect on individual taxpayer compliance, but are not influenced by taxpayer morale and service quality. Socialization as a moderating variable can strengthen the effect of taxpayer awareness and modernization of the system on taxpayer compliance, but weakens the moral influence of taxpayers on individual taxpayer compliance at the North Makassar Tax Service Office, while for service quality it proves that socialization does not moderate the effect of service quality. on the compliance of individual taxpayers at the North Makassar Primary Tax Service Office
THE EFFECTS OF ACCOUNTING MEASUREMENT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE BUSINESS INDUSTRIES: EMPIRICAL REVIEW

The Covid-19 global pandemic has affected most companies financially as it has led to massive uncertainties across all sectors and industries. In such situation it requires the refined, and highly integrated accounting information to measure and reflect the economic operation situation and provide early warning to decision makers. The study uses online empirical recourses by the name of Covid-19 pandemic impact on the industries and accounting measurement of the business industries in different online database sources such as Google Scholars, Springer Link, Wiley, Science Direct, JSTOR, Emerald full text, Scopus, and EBSCO HOST. The review findings show that there are different accounting measurement used to measure the impact of Covid-19 on various business industries. The findings of the study also identified that different industries react differently to Covid-19, thus the study findings could be used to draw policy guideline for the industries which were significantly affected by the epidemic.
Asymptotic Covariance Matrices of Two-Stage Probit and Two-Stage Tobit Methods for Simultaneous Equations Models with Selectivity

The paper discusses the two-stage estimation method for switching simultaneous equations models where the criterion function determining the switching is of the probit type and the tobit type. It derives the asymptotic covariance matrices of these estimators and shows that when the criterion function is of the probit type the correct covariance matrix is underestimated when the heteroscedasticity introduced in the first step is ignored, whereas the same is not necessarily the case for one of the regimes when the criterion function is of the tobit type.
Nanoparticles of N-Vinylpyrrolidone Amphiphilic Copolymers and Pheophorbide a as Promising Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: Design, Properties and In Vitro Phototoxic Activity

A series of nanoparticles (NPs) with a hydrodynamic radius from 20 to 100 nm in PBS was developed over the solubilization of hydrophobic dye methyl pheophorbide a (chlorin e6 derivative) by amphiphilic copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with (di)methacrylates. Photophysical properties and biological activity of the NPs aqueous solution were studied. It was found that the dye encapsulated in the copolymers is in an aggregated state. However, its aggregation degree decreases sharply, and singlet oxygen quantum yield and the fluorescence signal increase upon the interaction of these NPs with model biological membranes—liposomes or components of a tissue homogenate. The phototoxic effect of NPs in HeLa cells exceeds by 1.5–2 times that of the reference dye chlorin e6 trisodium salt—one of the most effective photosensitizers used in clinical practice. It could be explained by the effective release of the hydrophobic photosensitizer from the NPs into biological structures. The demonstrated approach can be used not only for the encapsulation of hydrophobic photosensitizers for PDT but also for other drugs, and N-vinylpyrrolidone amphiphilic copolymers show promising potential as a modern platform for the design of targeted delivery vehicles.
Nonlinear transmission of single-wall carbon nanotubes in heavy water at a wavelength of 1.54 μm and self-mode locking in a Er3+ : glass laser obtained using a passive nanotube switch

The nonlinear transmission of light by single-wall carbon nanotube suspensions in D2O at a wavelength of 1.54 μm is studied. For the 250-ns probe pulse and the 40-MW cm-2 maximum intensity of radiation incident on a cell, the decrease in the absorption coefficient was 3.6 cm-1 while the absorption coefficient in a weak field was 17 cm-1. Q-switching and self-mode locking were obtained in a pulsed Er3+ : glass laser by using a cell with the nanotube suspension as a passive filter.
Electric Tunnel Effect between Dissimilar Electrodes Separated by a Thin Insulating Film

The theory of the electric tunnel effect has been extended to asymmetric junctions—i.e., junctions having electrodes of different materials. It is found that the J—V characteristic is polarity‐dependent. At lower voltages, the greater current flows when the electrode of lower work function is positively biased, in agreement with observations on junctions having one aluminum electrode. At higher voltages, there is a change in direction of rectification; i.e., greater current flows when the electrode of lower work function is negatively biased. This effect has also been experimentally observed.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Recruits Macrophages and Microglia and Induces a Pro-Tumorigenic Phenotype That Favors Glioma Progression

Simple Summary A better understanding of the interactions between tumor and non-malignant cells is a priority to develop and improve therapeutic approaches for human glioma. Many lines of evidence have recognized sphingolipids as a family of lipids covering a wide range of functions in mammalian cells, in both physiological and pathological settings, including tumor–stroma crosstalk. In this study, we showed that higher amounts of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) triggered an anti-inflammatory milieu both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of S1P signaling restored the anti-tumor response in vitro and improved the overall survival of mice that develop glioblastoma in vivo. The exploration of TCGA datasets allowed us to link high SPHK1 levels with a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in glioma patients, which ultimately resulted in a worse survival outcome. These results highlight the role of S1P in mediating tumor–stroma crosstalk, thus clarifying the power of S1P to be considered as a potential therapeutic target. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Treatment failure is predominantly caused by its high invasiveness and its ability to induce a supportive microenvironment. As part of this, a major role for tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (TAMs) in glioblastoma development was recognized. Phospholipids are important players in various fundamental biological processes, including tumor–stroma crosstalk, and the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been linked to glioblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and survival. Despite the urgent need for better therapeutic approaches, novel strategies targeting sphingolipids in glioblastoma are still poorly explored. Here, we showed that higher amounts of S1P secreted by glioma cells are responsible for an active recruitment of TAMs, mediated by S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling through the modulation of Rac1/RhoA. This resulted in increased infiltration of TAMs in the tumor, which, in turn, triggered their pro-tumorigenic phenotype through the inhibition of NFkB-mediated inflammation. Gene set enrichment analyses showed that such an anti-inflammatory microenvironment correlated with shorter survival of glioblastoma patients. Inhibition of S1P restored a pro-inflammatory phenotype in TAMs and resulted in increased survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our results establish a crucial role for S1P in fine-tuning the crosstalk between glioma and infiltrating TAMs, thus pointing to the S1P–S1PR axis as an attractive target for glioma treatment.
Demystifying the nexus between empowering leadership and employee proactivity: a solicitation of person-environment theory

ABSTRACT Employee proactivity has elicited great interest among academicians and practitioners alike. However, unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms and theoretical boundaries that amplify or dampen employee proactive behaviour at work remain under researched. Thus, to accelerate the discourse on employee proactive behaviour, this study explores the relationship between empowering leadership and employee proactivity through person-job fit and person-organization fit. Drawing insights from the person-environment theory, the study further examines the moderating role of role-based self-efficacy. Data were collected from 295 employees of Indian five-star hotels through a questionnaire survey and analysed through structural equation modelling. The results of this study confirm the significant direct impacts of empowering leadership, person-job fit organization-job fit on employee proactivity behaviour in a luxury context. Moreover, the study demonstrates the partial mediating role of person-job fit and person-organization fit while also confirming the moderating influence of role breadth self-efficacy; between the relationships of empowering leadership and employee proactivity. Given that the study uncovers the positive influence of leadership on employee proactive behaviour this study has important practical implication for managers working in luxury contexts, especially, hotels.
Five Precision Point Synthesis of Spatial RRR Manipulators Using Interval Analysis

In this paper, the geometric design problem of serial-link robot manipulators with three revolute (R) joints is solved for the first time using an interval analysis method. In this problem, five spatial positions and orientations are defined and the dimensions of the geometric parameters of the 3-R manipulator are computed so that the manipulator will be able to place its end-effector at these pre-specified locations. Denavit and Hartenberg parameters and 4 X4 homogeneous matrices are used to formulate the problem and obtain the design equations and an interval method is used to search for design solutions within a predetermined domain.