Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Music Therapy During COVID-19: Changes to the Practice, Use of Technology, and What to Carry Forward in the Future

In recent years, the field of music therapy (MT) has increasingly embraced the use of technology for conducting therapy sessions and enhancing patient outcomes. Amidst a worldwide pandemic, we sought to examine whether this is now true to an even greater extent, as many music therapists have had to approach and conduct their work differently. The purpose of this survey study is to observe trends in how music therapists from different regions around the world have had to alter their practice, especially in relation to their use of technology during the COVID-19 pandemic, because of limited options to conduct in-person therapy due to social distancing measures. Further, the findings aim to clarify music therapists’ perspectives on the benefits and limitations of technology in MT, as well as online MT. In addition, this survey investigated what changes have been necessary to administer MT during COVID-19, in terms of virtual therapy and online tools, and how the changes made now may affect MT in the future. We also explored music therapists’ views on whether special technology-focused training might be helpful to support the practice of MT in the future. This is the first survey, to our knowledge, to break down opinions of and trends in technology use based on geographical region (North America, Europe, and Asia), and several noteworthy differences were apparent across regions. We hope our findings provide useful information, guidance, and a global reference point for music therapists on effectively continuing the practice of MT during times of crisis, and can encourage reflection and improvement in administering MT.
Mood, Burnout, and Dispositional Optimism in Kayak Polo Players During Their Competitive Stage

The main objective of performance sport is to obtain achievements at the highest level through the adequate development of the athlete. The scientific literature demonstrates the fundamental role played by the inclusion of certain psychological variables in the training plan. This study examined the psychological profile of kayak polo players through the variables of burnout, optimism, and mood in the hours prior to the competition, relating these to each other and to some sociodemographic data. A sample of 86 canoeists, 60 men (69.8%) and 26 women (30.2%), with an age measurement of 24.4 ± 9.1 years belonging to the first male and female kayak polo division, completed the POMS-29, the LOT-R, and the IBD-R. Athletes' levels of optimism were found to be significantly correlated with mood. Optimism also influenced emotional exhaustion. In addition, seniority and internationality were decisive factors in the level of optimism and mood achieved.
Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Responses to Steady-State and Fluctuating Light in the Shade-Demanding Crop Amorphophallus xiei Grown in Intercropping and Monoculture Systems

Photosynthetic and photoprotective responses to simulated sunflecks were examined in the shade-demanding crop Amorphophallus xiei intercropped with maize (intercropping condition) or grown in an adjacent open site (monoculture condition). Both intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves exhibited very fast induction responses. The times taken to achieve 90% maximum net photosynthetic rate in intercropping leaves and monoculture leaves were 198.3 ± 27.4 s and 223.7 ± 20.5 s during the photosynthetic induction, respectively. During an 8-min simulated sunfleck, the proportion of excess excited energy dissipated through the xanthophyll cycle-dependent pathway (ΦNPQ) and dissipated through constitutive thermal dissipation and the fluorescence (Φf, d) pathway increased quickly to its maximum, and then plateaued slowly to a steady state in both intercropping and monoculture leaves. When the illumination was gradually increased within photosystem II (PSII), ΦNPQ increased quicker and to a higher level in monoculture leaves than in intercropping leaves. Relative to their monoculture counterparts, intercropping leaves exhibited a significantly lower accumulation of oxygen free radicals, a significantly higher content of chlorophyll, and a similar content of malondialdehyde. Although monoculture leaves exhibited a larger mass-based pool size of xanthophyll cycle [V (violaxanthin) + A (antheraxanthin) + Z (zeaxanthin)] than intercropping leaves, intercropping leaves had a higher ratio of (Z + A)/(V + Z + A) than monoculture leaves. intercropping leaves had markedly higher glutathione content and ascorbate-peroxidase activity than their monoculture counterparts. Similar activities of catalase, peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate were found in both systems. Only superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbate content were lower in the intercropping leaves than in their monoculture counterparts. Overall, the xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system are important for protecting plants from photooxidation in an intercropping system with intense sunflecks.
Assessment of Personality Traits Influencing the Performance of Men in Team Sports in Terms of the Big Five

The purpose of this article is to define the perspective from which a coach should analyze and evaluate personality traits that influence sports performance in team sports. The subjects of the research are Polish players (N = 300) in senior age (20–29 years) from 10 team sports (each n = 30). A sample of champions (n = 13) was selected from the study population, and the Big Five model was applied to examine their personality with the use of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 25. The study revealed statistically significant differences between team sports in four personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Champions of team sports were characterized by a lower level of neuroticism, a higher level of extraversion, and openness to experiences in relation to other sportsmen. It was also confirmed that the personality traits distribution levels depend on the sport discipline. Therefore, an important role must be assigned to those mental training techniques that favor emotional balance, team communication, and tactical thinking skills and are manifested in triggering start-up readiness.
Variations of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in the Mandovi Estuary, Goa, During Spring Inter-Monsoon: A Comparison With COVID-19 Outbreak Imposed Lockdown Period

Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is one of the important fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that controls the availability of light in water and plays a crucial role in the cycling of carbon. High CDOM absorption in the Mandovi Estuary (Goa) during spring inter-monsoon (SIM) is largely driven by both in-situ production and anthropogenic activities. Here we have presented the CDOM variation in the estuary during SIM of 2014–2018 and compared it with that of 2020 when the COVID-19 outbreak imposed lockdown was implemented. During 2020, low CDOM absorption was observed at the mid-stream of the estuary as compared to the previous years, which could be attributed to low autochthonous production and less input from anthropogenic activities. On the other hand, high CDOM observed at the mouth during 2020 is linked to autochthonous production, as seen from the high concentrations of chlorophyll a. High CDOM in the upstream region could be due to both autochthonous production and terrestrially derived organic matter. Sentinel-2 satellite data was also used to look at the variations of CDOM in the study region which is consistent with in-situ observations. Apart from this, the concentration of nutrients (NO3–, NH4+, and SiO44–) in 2020 was also low compared to the previous reports. Hence, our study clearly showed the impact of anthropogenic activities on CDOM build-up and nutrients, as the COVID-19 imposed lockdown drastically controlled such activities in the estuary.
Serum Metabolite Biomarkers Predictive of Response to PD-1 Blockade Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Despite remarkable success of immunotherapies with checkpoint blockade antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), the majority of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have yet to receive durable benefits. We used the metabolomic profiling of early on-treatment serum to explore predictors of clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1 treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: We recruited 74 Chinese patients who had stage IIIB/IV NSCLC-proven tumor progression and were treated with PD-1 inhibitor. The study was comprised of a discovery cohort of patients treated with nivolumab and two validation cohorts of patients receiving tislelizumab or nivolumab. Serum samples were collected 2–3 weeks after the first infusion of PD-1 inhibitor. Metabolomic profiling of serum was performed using ultrahigh performance lipid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The serum metabolite biomarkers were identified using an integral workflow of nontargeted metabolomic data analysis. Results: A serum metabolite panel consisting of hypoxanthine and histidine was identified and validated as a predictor of response to PD-1 blockade treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC. High levels of both hypoxanthine and histidine in early on-treatment serum were associated with improved progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.078, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.027–0.221, p < 0.001] and overall survival (HR = 0.124, 95% CI, 0.039–0.397, p < 0.001) in the discovery cohort. The serum metabolite panel showed a high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing responders and non-responders in the validation cohorts 1 and 2, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.933 and 1.000, respectively. High levels of serum hypoxanthine and histidine were correlated with improved progression-free survival in the validation cohort 1 (HR = 0.137, 95% CI, 0.040–0.467, p = 0.001) and in the validation cohort 2 (HR = 0.084, 95% CI, 0.009–0.762, p = 0.028). Conclusion: Our results revealed that hypoxanthine and histidine in early on-treatment serum are predictive biomarkers of response to PD-1 blockade therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. The serum biomarker panel would enable early identification of NSCLC patients who may benefit from PD-1 blockade therapy.
Prefrontal Functional Connectivity During the Verbal Fluency Task in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

Deviations in activation patterns and functional connectivity have been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with prefrontal hemodynamics of patients compared with healthy individuals. The graph-theoretical approach provides useful network metrics for evaluating functional connectivity. The evaluation of functional connectivity during a cognitive task can be used to explain the neurocognitive mechanism underlying the cognitive impairments caused by depression. Overall, 31 patients with MDD and 43 healthy individuals completed a verbal fluency task (VFT) while wearing a head-mounted functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) devices. Hemodynamics and functional connectivity across eight prefrontal subregions in the two groups were analyzed and compared. We observed a reduction in prefrontal activation and weaker overall and interhemispheric subregion-wise correlations in the patient group compared with corresponding values in the control group. Moreover, efficiency, the network measure related to the effectiveness of information transfer, showed a significant between-group difference [t (71.64) = 3.66, corrected p < 0.001] along with a strong negative correlation with depression severity (rho = −0.30, p = 0.009). The patterns of prefrontal functional connectivity differed significantly between the patient and control groups during the VFT. Network measures can quantitatively characterize the reduction in functional connectivity caused by depression. The efficiency of the functional network may play an important role in the understanding of depressive symptoms.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Dosing, Bacterial Kill, and Resistance Suppression for Zoliflodacin Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Dynamic Hollow Fiber Infection Model

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is threatening the treatment and control of gonorrhea globally, and new treatment options are imperative. Utilizing our dynamic in vitro hollow fiber infection model (HFIM), we examined the pharmacodynamics of the first-in-class spiropyrimidinetrione (DNA gyrase B inhibitors), zoliflodacin, against the N. gonorrhoeae reference strains World Health Organization F (susceptible to all relevant antimicrobials) and WHO X (extensively drug resistant, including resistance to ceftriaxone) over 7 days. Dose-range experiments with both strains, simulating zoliflodacin single oral dose regimens of 0.5–8 g, and dose-fractionation experiments with WHO X, simulating zoliflodacin oral dose therapy with 1–4 g administered as q12 h and q8 h for 24 h, were performed. A kill-rate constant that reflected a rapid bacterial kill during the first 6.5 h for both strains and all zoliflodacin doses was identified. In the dose-range experiments, the zoliflodacin 2–8 g single-dose treatments successfully eradicated both WHO strains, and resistance to zoliflodacin was not observed. However, zoliflodacin as a single 0.5 g dose failed to eradicate both WHO strains, and a 1 g single dose failed to eradicate WHO X in one of two experiments. The zoliflodacin 1 g/day regimen also failed to eradicate WHO X when administered as two and three divided doses given at q12 h and q8 h in the dose-fractionation studies, respectively. All failed regimens selected for zoliflodacin-resistant mutants. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that zoliflodacin should be administered at >2 g as a single oral dose to provide effective killing and resistance suppression of N. gonorrhoeae. Future studies providing pharmacokinetic data for zoliflodacin (and other gonorrhea therapeutic antimicrobials) in urogenital and extragenital infection sites, particularly in the pharynx, and evaluation of gonococcal strains with different gyrB mutations would be important.
Floodwater Depth Causes Different Physiological Responses During Post-flooding in Willows

Willows are widely planted in areas under risk of flooding. The physiological responses of willows to flooding have been characterized, but little is known about their responses during the post-flooding period. After the end of the stress episode, plants may modify some traits to compensate for the biomass loss during flooding. The aim of this work was to analyze the post-flooding physiological responses of willow under two different depths of stagnant floodwater. Cuttings of Salix matsudana NZ692 clone were planted in pots in a greenhouse. The experiment started when the plants were 2 months old with the following treatments: Control plants (watered to field capacity); plants partially flooded 10 cm above soil level (F10) and plants partially flooded 40 cm above soil level (F40). The flooding episode lasted 35 days and was followed by a recovery period of 28 days (post-flooding period). After the flooding period, height, diameter and total biomass were higher in F10, while F40 plants showed an increase in plant adventitious root production and leaf nitrogen content. During the post-flooding period, the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents were significantly higher in leaves of F40 than in Control and F10 treatments. Stomatal conductance and specific leaf area were higher in the previously flooded plants compared to Control treatment. Plants from F10 treatments showed a higher growth in height, root-to-shoot ratio, and carbon isotope discrimination than F40, while the opposite occurred for growth in diameter, vessel size and leaf area. We conclude that depth of floodwater not only causes different responses during flooding, but that its effects are also present in the post-flooding recovery period, affecting the growth and physiology of willows once the stress episode has ended. Even when flooding impacted growth negatively in F40, in the post-flooding period these plants compensated by increasing the photosynthetic rate, plant leaf area and xylem vessel size. Willows endurance to flooding is the result of both responses during flooding, and plastic responses during post-flooding.
Fishery Data Distribution System Based on Distance Prior Network Coding Strategy with Buffer Mapping Mechanism

Marine fishery production safety has always been a livelihood issue of high concern to government departments at all levels in China. With the construction of marine informatization, a large number of fishing vessels have entered the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). The massive, highly concurrent, and continuous track data generated by these vessels has posed great challenges to real-time data distribution. To cope with low distribution efficiency in the original data distribution system, this paper proposed a data distribution model based on the combination of network coding and UDP, which improves both reliability and efficiency of data distribution. In order to further enhance the efficiency of data distribution, a Codeword Distance Priority Protocol based on Buffer Map (CDPPBM) was added to the proposed model for the concentration of innovative codewords in the network, thereby increasing the effectiveness of data received by nodes. Experimental results show that the protocol proposed in this paper improves the data distribution efficiency by about 75% on average, compared with the LT code. The influence of data block size on network coded data distribution system is not involved in the previous work. Therefore, this paper discusses the Block to Piece Protocol (BPP) for large files, divides large files into fixed sizes equally, and distributes n data blocks multiple times to find the optimal piece size. The experimental results show that there is an optimal n for large files of different sizes, which can maximize the efficiency of data distribution.
Non-Hydrostatic Discontinuous/Continuous Galerkin Model for Wave Propagation, Breaking and Runup

This paper presents a new depth-integrated non-hydrostatic finite element model for simulating wave propagation, breaking and runup using a combination of discontinuous and continuous Galerkin methods. The formulation decomposes the depth-integrated non-hydrostatic equations into hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic parts. The hydrostatic part is solved with a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method to allow the simulation of discontinuous flows, wave breaking and runup. The non-hydrostatic part led to a Poisson type equation, where the non-hydrostatic pressure is solved using a continuous Galerkin method to allow the modeling of wave propagation and transformation. The model uses linear quadrilateral finite elements for horizontal velocities, water surface elevations and non-hydrostatic pressures approximations. A new slope limiter for quadrilateral elements is developed. The model is verified and validated by a series of analytical solutions and laboratory experiments.
Training Spiking Neural Networks in the Strong Coupling Regime

Abstract Recurrent neural networks trained to perform complex tasks can provide insight into the dynamic mechanism that underlies computations performed by cortical circuits. However, due to a large number of unconstrained synaptic connections, the recurrent connectivity that emerges from network training may not be biologically plausible. Therefore, it remains unknown if and how biological neural circuits implement dynamic mechanisms proposed by the models. To narrow this gap, we developed a training scheme that, in addition to achieving learning goals, respects the structural and dynamic properties of a standard cortical circuit model: strongly coupled excitatory-inhibitory spiking neural networks. By preserving the strong mean excitatory and inhibitory coupling of initial networks, we found that most of trained synapses obeyed Dale's law without additional constraints, exhibited large trial-to-trial spiking variability, and operated in inhibition-stabilized regime. We derived analytical estimates on how training and network parameters constrained the changes in mean synaptic strength during training. Our results demonstrate that training recurrent neural networks subject to strong coupling constraints can result in connectivity structure and dynamic regime relevant to cortical circuits.
Modeling the electrochemical behaviors of charging Li‐ion batteries with different initial electrolyte salt concentrations

Based on a 1D electrochemical model, a series of galvanostatic charge processes of lithium ion batteries with different initial electrolyte salt concentrations are simulated and investigated. In light of the simulation results, it is found that many electrochemical characters, including charge curve, end‐of‐charge salt concentration, anode potential, and reaction depth distribution, can all be affected by initial electrolyte salt concentration. Meanwhile, the lithium plating phenomenon commonly occurring during charge is studied with batteries of different salt concentrations during overcharge. A corresponding solution, changing the thickness ratio of anode to cathode, is proposed, which can also be used to extend the charging capacity. Overall, this study gives better understanding of the relevance between electrochemical behaviors of charging battery and initial electrolyte salt concentration, thus emphasizes the important role of electrolyte salt concentration in the performance and health of lithium ion battery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of polyphenols having beneficial biological activities from red and white grape pomace

Grape is the world’s largest fruit crop mostly used in wine making, a process during which 20-30% of the weight ends up as pomace, that constitutes a rich but yet underutilised source of valuable compounds. Polyphenolic compounds were extracted from red and white grape pomace and the extracts were assayed for several beneficial bioactivities. Polyphenolic compounds of wet (WP) and dried (DP) grinded pomace were recovered by enzymatic digestions and ethanol-based extractions. In general, extracts from white pomace were 1.4-fold (WP) and 7.7-fold (DP) more rich of polyphenols than those from red samples [1]. Large concentrations of anthocyanins and flavanols were found respectively in red and white samples. Quantification of 28 specific compounds was carried on by HPLC-DAD. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity; the best red pomace samples exerted cholesterol-lowering capacity, while white extracts were tested for anti-inflammatory and anti-tyrosinase effects [1]. The results support the possibility of exploiting the extracts as ingredients for functional and innovative products in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic or bioplastic fields.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of soil moisture in an intensively monitored agricultural field (OPE)

a Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium b George Mason University & Center for Research on Environment and Water, 4041 Powder Mill Road, Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705-3106, USA c Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA d Department of Soil Management and Soil Care, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium