Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Membrane Bioreactors For Anaerobic Treatment Of Wastewaters

Anaerobic biological treatment systems can offer a number of advantages over their aerobic counterparts. The operational costs associated with anaerobic systems are typically lower than with aerobic systems, and anaerobic systems also generate less waste sludge. In addition, the energy associated with the biogas produced during anaerobic biological treatment can potentially be recovered. However, to date, the use of conventional anaerobic biological systems for the treatment of dilute wastewaters has been relatively limited. The present study was designed to address this current knowledge gap. The specific objectives of the present study were (1) to assess and compare the treatment performance of external and a submerged membrane AnMBRs operated at different OLRs when treating a low strength municipal wastewater at a relatively low temperature, (2) to assess and compare the membrane filtration characteristics of mixed liquors generated in external and submerged membrane AnMBRs, (3) to assess and compare the membrane filtration characteristics of a mixed liquor in AnMBRs when filtering through inorganic and organic membranes, and (4) to assess and compare the membrane filtration characteristics of the mixed liquors generated in AnMBRs to the mixed liquor generated in an aerobic MBR operated with the same influent wastewater. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397601 (Print) ISBN: 9781780403946 (eBook)
Study on construction influence of shield tunnels traversing adjacently under underground large-scale structure

A 3D FEM model of the shield driving was established.Under the construction conditions of different shield driving forces and without in-phase grouting,mutual influences of construction of shield tunnels traversing adjacently under existing underground large-scale structures were studied with the numerical simulation and 3D model tests.It was shown that the shield driving exerted a limited effect on the underground structures,the “excursion” of existing tunnel did not occur.The effects of uplift resistant piles on the underground structure were obvious.Tension stress and compression stress of the bottom board in the underground structure occurred alternately,thus the maximum absolute value of stress decreased.Linings of newly-built tunnel and exiting tunnel were safe during the construction and operation,and the special design for linings was not needed.To ensure the safety of construction,it was necessary to use the measurements to adjust the pose of the shield to slow down the driving speed and to control the driving force within 10000 kN,when the shield machine was walking at a distance less than 10 m from the edge of upper underground structures.
Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown etiology. We tested the hypothesis that MS is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a cohort comprising more than 10 million young adults on active duty in the US military, 955 of whom were diagnosed with MS during their period of service. Risk of MS increased 32-fold after infection with EBV but was not increased after infection with other viruses, including the similarly transmitted cytomegalovirus. Serum levels of neurofilament light chain, a biomarker of neuroaxonal degeneration, increased only after EBV seroconversion. These findings cannot be explained by any known risk factor for MS and suggest EBV as the leading cause of MS. Description Stronger evidence for viral connection Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The underlying cause of this disease is not known, but Epstein-Barr virus is thought to be a possible culprit. However, most people infected with this common virus do not develop multiple sclerosis, and it is not feasible to directly demonstrate causation of this disease in humans. Using data from millions of US military recruits monitored over a 20-year period, Bjornevik et al. determined that Epstein-Barr virus infection greatly increased the risk of subsequent multiple sclerosis and that it preceded the development of disease, supporting its potential role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (see the Perspective by Robinson and Steinman). —YN Epstein-Barr virus infection precedes symptoms and biomarkers of multiple sclerosis and markedly increases disease risk.
A comparison of sustainable recording between cerebral state index (CSI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitors during total intravenous anesthesia using target- controlled infusion technique for elective supratentorial craniotomy

Background: This study aimed to compare the sustainability of recording between cerebral state index (CSI) and bispectral index (BIS) monitors during supratentorial craniotomy. Methodology: A total of 42 patients for elective supratentorial craniotomy, aged 18–60 y, ASA I–II, were randomized into two groups: Group CSI (n = 21) and Group BIS (n = 21). All patients underwent surgery under the target-controlled infusion technique for propofol and remifentanil. CSI and BIS sensors were applied accordingly over the forehead before induction, and the index was continuously recorded. Anesthesia was maintained between a range of 40 and 60 in the index. The percentage and time of sustainable recording, and association with causes of unsustainable recording were documented. Results: There were no significant differences in the percentage of sustainable monitoring (66.7% vs. 71.4%; P = 0.739) and mean duration of sustainable monitoring (437.2 ± 221.8 vs. 407.3 ± 174.6 min; P = 0.631) between CSI and BIS. The causes of recording interruption were comparable between the two groups. Within the BIS group, there was a significant association between sustained recording and surgical incision site (p = 0.012) with the most sustainable recording was a frontoparietal incision (73.3%). Conclusion: CSI and BIS monitors were comparable in their ability to sustain a recording of index during supratentorial craniotomy.
Greenhouse gas emissions from integrated nutrient management practices in pearl millet + Melia dubia agri-silvi system

Climate change induced due to the magnitudinal rise in proportions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the environment has emerged as an indubitable concern across the globe. Hence, the impact of various organic forms of manure on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil and global warming potential (GWP) was studied in pearl millet + Melia dubia agri-silvi system. Replacing 25% of nitrogen with farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure and pongamia green leaf manure (PGLM) elevated CO2 emissions by 8.81%, 12.39%, 15.88% and N2O emissions by 47.5%, 49.8% and 55.8% respectively, compared to full recommended dose of fertilizer through neem-coated urea treatment. Also, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) using neem-coated urea is effective in reducing GWP by 19% over 100% RDF through normal urea. GWP of all the treatments ranged from 1029 (unfertilized) to 1807 kg CO2 eq. ha (sole crop without trees). The study also reported lower CO2 and N2O emissions under the tree compared to sole crop without trees, which suggests that agroforestry would reduce the overall GHG emissions. Also, use of organic manure along with inorganic fertilizers showed better carbon efficiency ratio and soil fertility status in spite of increase in GWP.
Multi-Criteria Decision Approach to Design a Vacuum Infusion Process Layout Providing the Polymeric Composite Part Quality

The increasingly widespread use of vacuum assisted technologies in the manufacture of polymer-composite structures does not always provide the required product quality and repeatability. Deterioration of quality most often appears itself in the form of incomplete filling of the preform with resin as a result of the inner and outer dry spot formation, as well as due to premature gelation of the resin and blockage of the vacuum port. As experience shows, these undesirable phenomena are significantly dependent on the location of the resin and vacuum ports. This article presents a method for making a decision on the rational design of a process layout. It is based on early forecasting of its objectives in terms of quality and reliability when simulating its finite element model, on the correlation analysis of the preliminary and final quality assessments, as well as on the study of the cross-correlation of a group of early calculated sub-criteria. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the example of vacuum infusion of a 3D thin-walled structure of complex geometry.
The zones of regulation in schools

Emotion regulation is a concept that has existed within the literature for decades, but the presence of emotion regulation programs in schools is a relatively new concept in research (Durlak et al., 2011). Research suggests that emotional regulation skills are related to improved peer relationships and academic success (Denham & Brown, 2010; Durlak et al., 2011). Students who exhibited well-adjusted, or adaptive, emotion regulation had better peer relationships and were more productive and accurate when completing academic tasks (Denham & Brown, 2010; Dvir et al., 2014; Kim & Cicchetti, 2010; Kim‐Spoon et al., 2013; Lereya et al., 2015). For this reason, many schools have implemented programs designed to teach students adaptive emotion regulation strategies (Dingle et al., 2016; Hammond et al., 2009; Houck et al., 2015, 2016; 2018; Metz et al., 2013; Westhues et al., 2009). The purpose of this study is to add to the limited research of the emotion regulation program, The Zones of Regulation. The current study will examine The Zones of Regulation as implemented within a Midwestern school, by comparing fidelity of implementation of the program and the number of student office referrals across middle school classrooms. Data was obtained from a small Midwestern, rural school district. Data included number of office referrals for each grade level and fidelity implementation self-reports completed by the teachers at the school. The data was analyzed using twoway ANOVA. Results from the two-way ANOVA indicated that grade level and grade level fidelity rating did not have an effect on office discipline referrals. THE ZONES OF REGULATION IN SCHOOLS A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Education Specialist Kyle Andrew-Kelly Wiebers University of Northern Iowa December 2021
Plasma-Assisted MOCVD Growth of Non-Polar GaN and AlGaN on Si(111) Substrates Utilizing GaN-AlN Buffer Layer

We report the growth of non-polar GaN and AlGaN films on Si(111) substrates by plasma-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (PA-MOCVD). Low-temperature growth of GaN or AlN was used as a buffer layer to overcome the lattice mismatch and thermal expansion coefficient between GaN and Si(111) and GaN’s poor wetting on Si(111). As grown, the buffer layer is amorphous, and it crystalizes during annealing to the growth temperature and then serves as a template for the growth of GaN or AlGaN. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization to investigate the influence of the buffer layer on crystal structure, orientation, and the morphology of GaN. We found that the GaN buffer layer is superior to the AlN buffer layer. The thickness of the GaN buffer layer played a critical role in the crystal quality and plane orientation and in reducing the cracks during the growth of GaN/Si(111) layers. The optimum GaN buffer layer thickness is around 50 nm, and by using the optimized GaN buffer layer, we investigated the growth of AlGaN with varying Al compositions. The morphology of the AlGaN films is flat and homogenous, with less than 1 nm surface roughness, and has preferred orientation in a-axis.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Nothotylenchus medians and N. similis (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Southern Alberta, Canada

The nematode family, Anguinidae, is a diverse group of polyphagous nematodes, generally known as fungal feeders or parasites of aerial plant parts. Here, we present the morphological and molecular characterization of adult females of two Nothotylenchus species, N. medians and N. similis, along with host association and geographical distribution data of the genus. Both species are recorded as new reports from Canada and designated as reference populations for future studies. Morphological or morphometrical variation was not observed in the Canadian population of N. medians and N. similis, in comparison with the original description. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S and D2–D3 of 28S genes placed both species within Anguinidae. Since the biology of the genus Nothotylenchus has not been rigorously characterized, the habitat and distribution information presented in this study will shed some light on the ecology of these nematodes. Notably, the detection of N. medians and N. similis in our nematode inventory survey indicates that considerable Nothotylenchus diversity is hidden in these soils. Consequently, increased surveys and more in-depth research are needed to explore the full diversity of anguinids inhabiting these cultivated areas.
Hopes and Fears of First-Year Freshman College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic made the experience of being a first-year freshman college student unique. This study aims to analyze the hopes and fears of these students concerning their current life and future goals. Participating students completed the Hopes & Fears questionnaire. Results showed that students’ hopes and fears were mainly connected with domains of education and the global/collective dimension, followed by personal and family members’ health. Two new categories emerged, self-fulfillment and solidarity, reflecting the importance of the contextual dimension that these students were navigating. The findings of the current study contribute to the research of college students’ hopes and fears towards their future and accounts for the analyses of this topic as we progress to a post-pandemic phase.
More Questions and Answers for the Flipped Classroom Approach: A Review of Reviews

In recent years, the educational strategy called the flipped classroom (FC) has gained notable publicity and popularity in education. A substantial number of articles related to FC have been published aimed to synthesizing this extensive body of research on the flipped classroom. Hereto, this paper examined 13 reviews aiming to identify the characteristics of review studies and the current state of knowledge on the flipped classroom as a pedagogy approach. Despite the methodological differences, the results of this review confirm that FC has positive impacts on students’ learning experiences in general. This study revealed a need for increased support for research in FC design, implementations, and practices. More longitudinal analyses are necessary to better understand the best practices of FC implementation or whether the effectiveness of FC practices is influenced by contextual elements, such as disciplines, subject domains, the complexity of learning content, academic levels, and implementation duration.
A Two-Scale Thermomechanical Computational Model for Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

A two-scale numerical model is developed to study the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures subject to fire loading. In this model, various structural components, such as beams, columns, and beam-column joints, are modeled by elastic elements connected by a set of nonlinear cohesive elements, which represent the potential damage zones. The thermo-dependent constitutive behavior of each cohesive element is determined by nonlinear finite elements (FE) simulations of its corresponding potential damage zone under different loading modes at different temperatures, where the thermo-dependent material properties for the FE simulations are determined based on the existing literature and a set of high-temperature experiments on concrete. The proposed two-scale model is used to simulate the behavior of a RC frame subassemblage under thermomechanical loading and the simulation results are further compared with the prediction by using the conventional finite element model. It is shown that the present model can well capture the nonlinear behavior of RC frame structures under thermomechanical loading, and due to its computational efficiency, the model provides us an efficient means to investigate the global behavior of large-scale RC frame structures under fires.
Conceptualizing Design Knowledge in IS Research - A Review and Taxonomy of Design Knowledge Properties

Design science projects are of great interest in information systems (IS) research. Typically, design-oriented projects generate valuable design knowledge through the design and possible instantiation of artifacts. Although designing novel artifacts and accumulating design knowledge is common practice in IS, there is still limited shared knowledge about the distinctive characteristics of design knowledge to facilitate its accumulation. To address this issue, we develop a design knowledge taxonomy and contribute to a deeper understanding of design knowledge properties. The taxonomy is grounded on a systematic literature review, followed by a combination of empirical-to-conceptual and conceptual-to-empirical iterations. We evaluate the taxonomy by interviewing six domain experts and demonstrate its practical application and utility. Thus, the taxonomy consists of key dimensions and characteristics of design knowledge and contributes to a better scientific understanding of its characteristics. Practitioners can use the taxonomy as an instrument to further understand, design, and accumulate design knowledge.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR CO-EXTRACTING OPINION TARGETS AND OPINION WORDS BY USING A WORD ALIGNMENT MODEL

: In today’s era a lot of product square measure purchased on-line, because of this classification system becomes terribly helpful for obtaining first-hand info regarding the merchandise. Classification system will opinion mining i.e. co-extracting opinion targets and opinion words from on-line reviews. However there square measure several issues related to the accuracy of system. To extend the accuracy of system part supervised word alignment model is projected to search out the relation between OW and OT. By exploitation OW, OT and opinion relation between them graph has shaped. Once graph formation to search out confidence of every candidate graph based mostly co-ranking formula has used. Compared to previous approach Syntax-based technique this technique provides additional correct results by eliminating parsing errors.
Trend detection of atmospheric time series: Incorporating appropriate uncertainty estimates and handling extreme events

This paper is aimed at atmospheric scientists without formal training in statistical theory. Its goal is to (1) provide a critical review of the rationale for trend analysis of the time series typically encountered in the field of atmospheric chemistry, (2) describe a range of trend-detection methods, and (3) demonstrate effective means of conveying the results to a general audience. Trend detections in atmospheric chemical composition data are often challenged by a variety of sources of uncertainty, which often behave differently to other environmental phenomena such as temperature, precipitation rate, or stream flow, and may require specific methods depending on the science questions to be addressed. Some sources of uncertainty can be explicitly included in the model specification, such as autocorrelation and seasonality, but some inherent uncertainties are difficult to quantify, such as data heterogeneity and measurement uncertainty due to the combined effect of short and long term natural variability, instrumental stability, and aggregation of data from sparse sampling frequency. Failure to account for these uncertainties might result in an inappropriate inference of the trends and their estimation errors. On the other hand, the variation in extreme events might be interesting for different scientific questions, for example, the frequency of extremely high surface ozone events and their relevance to human health. In this study we aim to (1) review trend detection methods for addressing different levels of data complexity in different chemical species, (2) demonstrate that the incorporation of scientifically interpretable covariates can outperform pure numerical curve fitting techniques in terms of uncertainty reduction and improved predictability, (3) illustrate the study of trends based on extreme quantiles that can provide insight beyond standard mean or median based trend estimates, and (4) present an advanced method of quantifying regional trends based on the inter-site correlations of multisite data. All demonstrations are based on time series of observed trace gases relevant to atmospheric chemistry, but the methods can be applied to other environmental data sets.
THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MARKET EFFICIENCY: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED EUROPEAN FINANCIAL MARKETS3

The purpose of this study is to determine if the capital markets of fourteen European countries are efficient or not. Additionally, we examine the impact of VIX and GEPU returns on the market efficiency of the analyzed capital markets. We apply the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and Threshold GARCH (TGARCH) Model. The period under examination is 2003-2016. Our results show that the explored European markets are highly integrated, and in the context of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), a division along the line of the developed-developing market has been revealed. The Bulgarian capital market shows a strong degree of integration with the other explored economies in the conditions of EMH. The efficiency of the explored markets is improved by adding to the model VIX and GEPU returns. We prove that diversification can be achieved based on emerging markets of the EU Member States. Prolonged periods of low volatility can further reduce correlations, encouraging further risk-taking.
Facial Nerve Involvement During Temporal Bone Resection: Overall Survival And Locoregional Recurrence Outcomes.

Purpose: Facial nerve resection is often required in lateral temporal bone resection for tumors extending to the lateral skull base. Limited data exists to guide facial nerve reanimation strategies. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Patients undergoing lateral temporal bone resection in a national referral center were included and divided into two groups: facial nerve preservation or resection. Survival and locoregional recurrence outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate analysis. Facial nerve reconstructive methods were collected.Results: 39 patients were included with 20 having facial nerve resection at surgery. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common pathology. 48% of patients died during follow-up. Mean overall survival (OS) was 27 months and mean time to locoregional recurrence (LRR) 23 months in the facial nerve preservation group. Mean OS was 16 months and mean time to LRR was 13 months in the facial nerve resection groups (logrank OS p=0.330 and LRR p=0.445). 75% of patients in the facial nerve resection group had static facial nerve reanimation using tarsorrhaphy, gold-weight eyelid implant and fascia lata sling. Middle ear cavity extension was a negative predictor of OS and LRR.Conclusion: Facial nerve resection during lateral temporal bone surgery is associated with poor overall survival and locoregional control outcomes. Multidisciplinary surgical management and static facial reanimation should be offered to maintain function and quality of life in this group of patients.