Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steel Slag-Limestone Reactor with Resistance to Fe: Laboratory and Pilot Scale Evaluations of Mn Treatment Efficiency

Mixed substrate of steel slag and limestone were applied in reactors to evaluate resistibility to Fe. Steel slag mixed with limestone could decrease Mn from 32–46 mg L-1 to <3 mg L-1 with addition of 4.5–24.4 mg L-1 of Fe in the bench-scale experiment. In the pilot-scale experiments in five mines in South Korea, 95–99% of Mn was removed during the maximum test period of 4 years. Precipitation as Fe and Mn carbonates may have contributed to the Mn removal and resistibility to Fe.
Understanding and Improving Sequence-to-Sequence Pretraining for Neural Machine Translation

In this paper, we present a substantial step in better understanding the SOTA sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) pretraining for neural machine translation (NMT). We focus on studying the impact of the jointly pretrained decoder, which is the main difference between Seq2Seq pretraining and previous encoder-based pretraining approaches for NMT. By carefully designing experiments on three language pairs, we find that Seq2Seq pretraining is a double-edged sword: On one hand, it helps NMT models to produce more diverse translations and reduce adequacy-related translation errors. On the other hand, the discrepancies between Seq2Seq pretraining and NMT finetuning limit the translation quality (i.e., domain discrepancy) and induce the over-estimation issue (i.e., objective discrepancy). Based on these observations, we further propose simple and effective strategies, named in-domain pretraining and input adaptation to remedy the domain and objective discrepancies, respectively. Experimental results on several language pairs show that our approach can consistently improve both translation performance and model robustness upon Seq2Seq pretraining.
A PROPOSAL FOR Determining Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Arabian Shield and Red Sea

We propose to determine the seismic velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Arabian Shield and Red Sea using a variety of analysis techniques on SGS broadband seismic waveform data. We will perform several analyses of broadband data. Teleseismic Pand S-wave travel time tomography will provide an image of upper mantle compressional and shear velocities related to thermal variations. Regional Pn tomography will map compressional velocity structure of the shallow mantle. Teleseismic P-wave receiver functions will be modeled to estimate crustal and upper mantle discontinuity structure. Finally, teleseismic shear-wave splitting will be measured to estimate upper mantle anisotropy. These analyses will provide estimates of the physical structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Arabian Shield and Red Sea. The results of this proposal will provide valuable new constraints on the processes at work during continental break-up. In particular we will have better models of upper mantle structure to determine the depth of the source of volcanism and uplift of the Arabian Shield.
“Outcome of Neonates with Septicaemia with Different Types of Electrolyte Abnormality”

Introduction: Electrolyte abnormalities are frequently encountered in sick neonates. They occur in a variety of conditions including neonatal sepsis and may remain unrecognized leading to morbidity and mortality irrespective of the primary disease. So, timely recognition, a high index of suspicion and a thorough understanding of common electrolyte abnormalities are necessary to ensure their correction. Objective: To assess the Outcome of Neonates with Septicaemia with Different Types of Electrolyte Abnormality. Methods: All neonates who were suffering from septicaemia and admitted in BSMMU from 1st January 2011 to 15th September 2011 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Results: During the study period total 120 neonates were admitted with the diagnosis of septicaemia in the Department of Neonatology, BSMMU, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among the neonates mean age were 9.26±4.58 days, mean weight 2282.68±580.40 gm, mean gestational age was 35.68±2.40 weeks. Among the neonates with septicaemia males were 66 (55%) and females were 54 (45%) and male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Among 120 cases of septicaemia 57 (47.5%) were early onset and 63 (52.5%) were diagnosed as late onset neonatal sepsis. Among the 120 neonates with septicaemia 37 (30.83%) died and 83 (69.17%) survived. Neonates with dyselectrolytemia were found significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay in comparison to those with normal electrolytes level (p<0.05). Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hypernatremia and mixed electrolyte abnormalities were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay (P< 0.05) but hyperkalemia was not found significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay (p>0.05). Hyponatremia, hypokalemia and mixed electrolyte abnormalities were significantly associated with higher mortality (P<0.05). Hypernatremia and Hyperkalemia were not found significantly associated with higher mortality (P>0.05). Conclusion: Electrolyte abnormalities are common in neonates with septicaemia. We found electrolyte abnormalities in 35% cases. Hyponatremia (20%) was the commonest abnormality followed by hyperkalemia (15.8%). Hyponatremia, hypokalemia and mixed electrolyte abnormalities were found to be significantly associated with higher mortality in this study.
The Resistance to Adopting Online Marketplace: The Influence of Perceived Risk and Behavioral Control of Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia

To date, the number of e-commerce applications in Indonesia keeps increasing. However, the adoption rate amongst Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is still around 13%. Thus, the research aims to analyze the factors that affect small and medium enterprises’ resistance to adopting online marketplaces in Indonesia by applying the technological-organizationalenvironmental framework, the diffusion of innovations theory, and the innovation resistance model. The respondents are 356 owners of SMEs in Indonesia who have sold their products online through social media or marketplace. The research applies a quantitative approach using an online questionnaire and interview. Then, the covariance-based structural equation modeling method is applied to analyze the data. In addition, the research interviews five SME representatives to gain further understanding and information for the rejected hypothesis. The results show that perceived complexity, owners’ self-efficacy, and enabling conditions are proven to affect perceived behavioral control. Perceived complexity is also shown to affect perceived risk. On the other hand, government support does not affect perceived behavioral control. It is also found that perceived risk and behavioral control affect resistance to adopting online marketplaces. The findings provide recommendations to overcome this situation, such as the simplification of online marketplace features for sellers and improvements in the digital literacy of the owners of SMEs.
A Lightweight, Dynamic Anonymous User Identity Authentication and Session Key Negotiation Scheme for V2G Networks

In the Vehicle ‐ to ‐ grid (V2G) network, to achieve user privacy protection during charging and discharging of electric vehicles, anonymous identity authentication of electric vehicle users is required. The existing anonymous identity authentication and session key negotiation schemes cannot effectively resist malicious attacks such as impersonation and offline password guessing, which exposes the user's living habits and even the privacy of the user's location and personal identity. Aiming at the problems, a lightweight, dynamic anonymous user identity authentication and session key negotiation scheme for V2G networks are proposed. The Identity authentication information includes two parts: biological characteristics and dynamic identity information. A fuzzy extractor is used to extract user biological characteristics, and the identity ID and random numbers are hashed to generate pseudonyms in anonymous authentication. Use a third ‐ party key to encrypt the pseudonym and the current timestamp to generate a dynamic anonymous user identity. These two parts complete the user's dynamic anonymous user identity authentication together. The key agreement process is designed. The security of the scheme are proved in theory which can resist malicious attacks such as impersonation and offline password guessing, and can also ensure the security of mutual identity authentication and session key agreement of participants. Examples analysis shows that the scheme has lower computational overhead and higher security, and can be deployed in the actual V2G network environment.
In Press, Psychophysiology Neural Correlates of Word Representation Vectors in Natural Language Processing Models: Evidence from Representational Similarity Analysis of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Natural language processing models based on machine learning ( ML-NLP models) have been developed to solve practical problems, such as interpreting an Internet search query. These models are not intended to reflect human language comprehension mechanisms, and the word representations used by ML-NLP models and human brains might therefore be quite different. However, because ML-NLP models are trained with the same kinds of inputs that humans must process, and they must solve many of the same computational problems as the human brain, ML-NLP models and human brains may end up with similar word representations. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we used representational similarity analysis to compare the representational geometry of word representations in two ML-NLP models with the representational geometry of the human brain, as indexed with event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants listened to stories while the electroencephalogram was recorded. We extracted averaged ERPs for each of the 100 words that occurred most frequently in the stories, and we calculated the similarity of the neural response for each pair of words. We compared this 100×100 similarity matrix to the 100×100 similarity matrix for the word pairs according to two ML-NLP models. We found significant representational similarity between the neural data and each ML-NLP model, beginning within 250 ms of word onset. These results indicate that ML-NLP systems that are designed to solve practical technology problems have a representational geometry that is correlated with that of the human brain, presumably because both are influenced by the structural properties and statistics of language.
Bulletin the National academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 46 BULLETIN OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article provides the study results on the age-related stages of Pulsatilla multifida Mill. The materials have been gathered in the course of field research taking into account the literary data. The studies were carried out in the Pavlodar and Akmola regions during the season of mass flowering and seeds ripening (2018-2019). A rosette shoot is formed on the stage of seedlings out of 3-4 leaves of different complexity. On the juvenile stage the rosette shoot is formed out of 4-5(6) leaves. The leaves are tripartite, dissected into large lobes and in their turn are cut into prongs. The root system is represented by a stem-root and many roots of the second order. Immature individuals undergo the formation of an elongated rhizome. Leaf-blades are tripartite with deeply dissected lobes. 1-3 rosette shoots grow from resumption buds. The calendar age of an immature plant is 1-2 years. On the virginal stage, there is an increase of resumption buds and rosette modules, the formation of a powerful rhizome with numerous resumption buds on it. Leaves acquire a specificity: the number of prongs on the leaves becomes narrow, middle leaves develop a petiole of different lengths. Young generative plants have 1-3 peduncles and 1-3 rosette shoots. On average generative stage, the rhizome forms a many-headed caudex with numerous rosette shoots. In old age the number of rosette shoots decreases, the peduncles remain underdeveloped and do not start blooming. The leaves are cut into very narrow lobes with a large number of prongs, while the length of the petiole at the central lobe becomes minimal. In subsenile plants, there is a maceration of rhizomes to a greater depth with the formation of vegetative rosettes on separate parcels and they are represented by a system of dying rhizomes, with single vegetative sockets. The coenopopulations of P. multifida and P. aggr. patens are found in rocky habitats, except CP-1 (a glade between the rocks) where P. multifida grows on a dry meadow among steppe shrubs. All the studied populations are generative, the density of species is high enough to ensure the normal existence of the species in natural conditions.
Children with unexplained physical symptoms referred to psychiatry: A descriptive study

Background: Unexplained physical symptoms are reported to be common in pediatric population, and are associated with excessive medical resource use, poor quality of life and long term psychiatric complications. Researches focusing on such children are sparse. Aims: This study was done with the aim to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children who were referred to psychiatry department for assessment of unexplained physical symptoms. Methods: A retrospective chart analysis of all children and adolescents below 19 years of age, referred to psychiatry for evaluation of unexplained physical symptoms, from January 2010 to December 2015 was done. Data collected and statistical analysis done. Results: Sixty children and adolescents were included in the study. Mean age of the sample was 12.44(±3.21) years, with slight male predominance (58.33%). Most common complaints were headache (26.66%), followed by loss of consciousness (18.33%) and other body aches (15%). Mean number of symptoms per subject was 1.5. Most common psychiatric diagnoses were somatoform 136 and dissociative disorders (48.33%), followed by depressive disorder (11.67%). Pharmacotherapy was started in significantly more number of girls compared to boys (84% v/s48.57%). Conclusion: Majority of subjects referred for evaluation of unexplained somatic symptoms were adolescent males. Abnormal body movements, head ache, and other body aches were the commonest presenting complaints. Somatoform and dissociative disorders, depressive disorders were the commonest psychiatric diagnoses.
An Immunobridging Study to Evaluate the Neutralizing Antibody Titer in Adults Immunized with Two Doses of Either ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (AstraZeneca) or MVC-COV1901

Background Rapid development and deployment of vaccine is crucial to control the continuously evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Placebo-controlled phase 3 efficacy trial is still standard for authorizing vaccines in majority of the world. However, due to lack of cases or participants in parts of the world, this has not always been feasible. An alternative to efficacy trial is immunobridging, in which the immune response or correlates of protection of a vaccine candidate is compared against an approved vaccine. Here we describe a case study where our candidate vaccine, MVC-COV1901, has been granted for emergency use authorization (EUA) locally based on the non-inferiority immunobridging process. Methods The per protocol immunogenicity (PPI) subset from the MVC-COV1901 phase 2 trial was used for this study and consisted of 903 subjects who have received two doses of MVC-COV1901 as scheduled in the clinical trial. The comparator set of population consisted of 200 subjects of [≥] 20 years of age who were generally healthy, and have received two doses of AstraZeneca ChAdOx nCOV-19 (AZD1222) recruited from Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Results MVC-COV1901 was shown to have a geometric mean titer (GMT) ratio lower bound 95% confidence internal (CI) of 3.4 against the comparator vaccine and a seroconversion rate of 95.5% at the 95% CI lower bound, which both exceeded the criteria set by the Taiwan regulatory authority for EUA approval. These results supported the EUA approval of MVC-COV1901 by the Taiwanese regulatory authority in July 2021. Following the consensus of the International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA), countries from the Access Consortium has recently adopted the use of immunobridging studies as acceptable for authorizing COVID-19 vaccines in lieu of efficacy data. Conclusion The data presented in the study showed that it is reasonably likely that the vaccine efficacy of MVC-COV1901 is similar or superior to that of AZ. Data could be used in support of further vaccine development and regulatory approval.
LISC Catalog of Star Clusters. I. Galactic Disk Clusters in Gaia EDR3

This work searches for the candidates of Galactic disk star clusters in Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) and determines their basic parameters from color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). A friends-of-friends method for membership determination and stellar population models including binary stars (ASPS) and rotating stars are adopted. As a result, 868 new star cluster candidates are found, besides 2729 known ones. When checking the CMD of each candidate, 61 new candidates show main sequences including a turnoff, which suggests that they are real star clusters. The basic parameters, including distance modulus, color excess, metallicity, age (or age range), primordial binary fraction, and rotating star fraction, are determined carefully by fitting the morphologies of CMDs of 61 newly identified star clusters and 594 known star clusters, which have relatively clear main sequences. The CMDs are fitted in considerable detail to ensure the reliability of property parameters of clusters. All final results are included in a new star cluster catalog, which is named LI team’s Star Cluster (LISC), and the catalog is available in the Zenodo repository.
Acceleration of Solar Energetic Particles through CME-driven Shock and Streamer Interaction

On 2013 June 21, a solar prominence eruption was observed, accompanied by an M2.9 class flare, a fast coronal mass ejection, and a type II radio burst. The concomitant emission of solar energetic particles (SEPs) produced a significant proton flux increase, in the energy range 4–100 MeV, measured by the Low and High Energy Telescopes on board the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO)-B spacecraft. Only small enhancements, at lower energies, were observed at the STEREO-A and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) spacecraft. This work investigates the relationship between the expanding front, coronal streamers, and the SEP fluxes observed at different locations. Extreme-ultraviolet data, acquired by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), were used to study the expanding front and its interaction with streamer structures in the low corona. The 3D shape of the expanding front was reconstructed and extrapolated at different times by using SDO/AIA, STEREO/Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation, and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph observations with a spheroidal model. By adopting a potential field source surface approximation and estimating the magnetic connection of the Parker spiral, below and above 2.5 R ⊙, we found that during the early expansion of the eruption, the front had a strong magnetic connection with STEREO-B (between the nose and flank of the eruption front) while having a weak connection with STEREO-A and GOES. The obtained results provide evidence, for the first time, that the interaction between an expanding front and streamer structures can be responsible for the acceleration of high-energy SEPs up to at least 100 MeV, as it favors particle trapping and hence increases the shock acceleration efficiency.
Modelling long-and short-term structure in symbolic music with attention and recurrence

The automatic composition of music with long-term structure is a central problem in music generation. Neural network-based models have been shown to perform relatively well in melody generation, but generating music with long-term structure is still a major challenge. This paper introduces a new approach for music modelling that combines recent advancements of transformer models with recurrent networks – the long-short term universal transformer (LSTUT), and compare its ability to predict music against current state-of-the-art music models. Our experiments are designed to push the boundaries of music models on considerably long music sequences – a crucial requirement for learning long-term structure eﬀectively. Results show that the LSTUT outperforms all the other models and can potentially learn features related to music structure at diﬀerent time scales. Overall, we show the importance of integrating both recurrence and attention in the architecture of music models, and their potential use in future automatic composition systems.
Title: Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus: Association of Neurovascular Lesions with Degree of Fracture Displacement in Children-A Retrospective Study

Supracondylar humerus fractures (ScHF) account for 60% of fractures of the elbow region in children. We assessed the relationship between neurovascular complications and the degree of fracture displacement as rated on the basis of modified Gartland classification. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate predisposing factors, e.g., age and gender, and outcomes of neurovascular complications in ScHF. Between 2004 and 2019, we treated 329 patients with ScHF at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Upper Silesian Child Centre, Katowice, Poland. Mean age of patients (189 boys and 140 girls) was 7.2 years (Confidence interval: 6.89, 7.45). Undisplaced fractures were treated conservatively with a cast. Displaced fractures were managed by closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation using two pins inserted laterally. We retrospectively assessed the number of neurovascular lesions at baseline and recorded any iatrogenic injury resulting from the surgical intervention. Acute neurovascular lesions occurred in 44 of 329 ScHF patients (13.4%). The incidence of accompanying neurovascular injuries was positively associated with the severity of fracture displacement characterized by Gartland score. Vascular injuries occurred mainly in Gartland type IV ScHF, while nerve lesions occurred in both Gartland type III and IV ScHF. We noted a significantly higher mean Gartland score and mean age at injury in the group of children suffering from neurovascular injuries when compared to those in the group without such injuries (p = 0.045 and p = 0.04, respectively). We observed no secondary nerve lesions after surgical treatment. For the treatment of ScHF in children, we recommend closed reduction and stabilization of displaced fractures with K-wires inserted percutaneously from the lateral aspect of the upper arm. We advocate vessel exploration in case of absent distal pulses after closed reduction but do not consider primary nerve exploration necessary, unless a complete primary sensomotoric nerve lesion is present.