Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantic structure

In generative–transformational theories of language, semantics has always played handmaiden to syntax. For example, the extended standard theory (EST) has as its core a component of base phrase structure rules and a lexicon which supplies lexical items for the deep syntactic trees generated by the base rules; ‘semantic representations’ are created from these lexicalized P-markers at various stages of their syntactic derivation from deep to surface structure (Jackendoif, 1972: 4 ff.). Similarly, the semantic representations of a rival theory, generative semantics (GS), are taken from deep pre-lexical syntactic P-markers generated by base PS rules (McCawley, 1971). Both of these models reflect the historical roots of generative–transformational grammar, for at its inception, this theory provided only a model of syntax with no description of semantic structure (Chomsky, 1957). So it is natural, though not necessary, that linguists working in this tradition would construct their semantic models as outgrowths of the original syntactic core.
Boys & girls : superheroes in the doll corner

In "Boys and Girls," Vivian Paley has re-created a year of kindergarten teaching in which she explored the differences in the ways children play and fantasize. Each year, swords and purses in hand, the children rush to proclaim themselves boys or girls. Watching the Cinderellas and Darth Vaders pursue their separate fantasies, Paley questions the cliches and prejudices of the teacher's curriculum that reward girls' domestic play while discouraging boys' adventurous fantasies. The children's own conversations, stories playacting, and scuffles are interwoven with Paley's observations and accounts of her attempts to alter the children's stereotyped play. Their search for self-definition will reawaken our own childhood memories, and Paley's sensitive efforts to uncover her prejudices will illuminate our own biases, values, and expectations for our children.
Processing Effects on Meat Product Microstructure

Animal species, meat ingredient properties, comminution equipment, mechanical action, product composition, type and level of non-meat ingredients, and thermal processing greatly affect the structural and organoleptic properties of meat prcxl.ucts. However, additional research in the area of restructured meat products, meat protein functionality and lipid properties in meat products remains to be done. The interaction of meat proteins with lipids, water and ions should be further investigated. Con­ siderable control of raw materials, mechanical action and heat processing is essential to make res~arc. :h applicable to proJuct and process development.
Assessment of the indicator-dilution technique in nonstationary flow

The investigations descr~bed in this thesis were intended to assess the indicator-dilution method with regard to its application for estimat~ng the mean flow of the blood circulation. Earlier studies indicated that, especially during artificial ventilation, large errors could occur due to the nonstationsry character of blood flow. 9 The present study, comprises both theoretical analyses and model studies in hydrOdynamic set-ups. After an introduction in which the indicator-dilution method and the physiological background are described, a comparative study is given of different theoretical representations for indicator-dilution curves. Based on the results a compartmental approach was used to describe the effect of nonstationary flow on the mean flow estimate by the indicator-dilution technique. The parameters for determining the deviation of the estimated from the actual mean flow were derived and the influence of each parameter was established. By meBnS of experiments w~th physical models, the theoretical results were confirmed. From these findings improvements to the accuracy of mean flow estimates with averaging techniques have been euggested. furthermore, an accurate estimate could be obtained from a single indicator-dilution curve by correctjng it for the flow variations. Since these variations can not be measured directly in practice, a related function was determined from the r~corded pressure signals. Finally, a method was considered for obtaining instantaneous flow information from the shape of the indicator-dilution ~urve.
America's working man : work, home, and politics among blue-collar property owners

Over a period of six years, at factory and warehouse, at the tavern across the road, in their homes and union meetings, on fishing trips and social outings, David Halle talked and listened to workers of an automated chemical plant in New Jersey's industrial heartland. He has emerged with an unusually comprehensive and convincingly realistic picture of blue-collar life in America. Throughout the book, Halle illustrates his analysis with excerpts of workers' views on everything from strikes, class consciousness, politics, job security, and toxic chemicals to marriage, betting on horses, God, home-ownership, drinking, adultery, the Super Bowl, and life after death. Halle challenges the stereotypes of the blue-collar mentality and argues that to understand American class consciousness we must shift our focus from the "working class" to be the "working man. "
Polyphenolic Constituents of Salvia przewalskii

Three lithospermic acid B ester derivatives, dimethyl lithospermate B, 9″-methyl lithospermate B and 9-methyl lithospermate B together with nine known polyphenol compounds: protocatechualdehyde, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, R-(+)-β-D-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-lactic acid, rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, lithospermic acid and lithospermic acid B were isolated from the dried roots of Salvia przewalskii.
Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the phenolic glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae

Nine cloned cell lines producing antibodies to the unique phenolic glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae have been established as a result of fusions with spleens from mice immunized with the glycolipid complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin. One of the antibodies was relatively nonspecific, binding to a related glycolipid from Mycobacterium kansasii, but the remaining antibodies were specific for the M. leprae lipid. Some of the antibodies required the intact (trisaccharide) carbohydrate portion for recognition of the glycolipid antigen, whereas others recognized partially hydrolyzed forms lacking one or two sugar residues. Monoclonal antibodies directed at the terminal saccharide of the glycolipid showed the greatest specificity for M. leprae in enzyme-linked immunoassays. These antibodies brightly labeled whole mycobacteria in indirect immunofluorescence experiments, demonstrating the surface location of M. leprae-specific determinants of the glycolipid antigen. In addition to their use in providing information about the antigenic properties of the phenolic glycolipid, these antibodies have potential applications for elucidating the roles of glycolipid in the pathogenesis of leprosy.
Children's use of expressive and contextual cues in judgments of emotion.

REICHENBACH, LISA, and MASTERS, JOHN C. Children's Use of Expressive and Contextual Cues in Judgments ofEmotion. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1983, 54, 993-1004. In 2 experiments, preschool and third-grade children judged the happy, sad, angry, or neutral emotional states of other children on the basis of expressive cues alone (slides of children's facial expressions), contextual cues alone (vignettes describing the stimulus children's emotion-inducing experiences), or both expressive and contextual cues. Older children were more accurate than younger only when given multiple cues. For children of both ages, contextual cues led to greater accuracy in the recognition of emotional states than did expressive cues. When multiple cues were inconsistent with one another, younger children relied more on expressive cues, while older children preferred contextual ones. Children from disrupted families were less accurate in judging emotion in peers, and their misjudgments involved fewer judgments of happiness and more judgments of anger. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive-developmental and social learning processes influencing children's judgment of emotion in others.
REVIEW Risk Assessment of the Mycotoxin Ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A (OA) is a mycotoxin which has been found to occur in foods of plant origin, in edible animal tissues, as well as in human blood sera and tissues. The ability of OA to move up the food chain is aided by its long half-life in certain edible animal species. In this report, an evaluation of the health risks to Canadians due to the presence of OA in food products is presented. The first part of the report deals with the physicochemical aspects, mycology, laboratory production, analytical methods, and natural occurrence in plant products, animal products, and human tissues. The stability of OA in foods and feeds, the effects of food processing, and the removal from foods and feeds by physicochemical means are also discussed. From these data, the worst case estimate for the daily exposure of Canadians to OA, from the consumption of pork-based food products and cereal foods, is approximately 5 ng OA/kg body wt (mean of eaters) for young children, the highest consumption group on a body weight basis. The second part of the report deals with the metabolic disposition as well as the available toxicity database for OA in laboratory animals, farm animals, and humans. The major target for OA toxicity in all mammalian species tested is the kidney, and endemic nephropathies affecting livestock as well as humans have been attributed to OA. OA is also teratogenic, and in the fetus the major target is the developing central nervous system. Recent studies have provided "clear evidence" of the carcinogenicity of OA in two rodent species. OA was found to be nonmutagenic in various microbial and mammalian gene mutation assays, but weak genotoxic activity to mammalian cells was noted. In addition, OA was found to suppress immune function. Based on the NTP carcinogenicity study with OA in rats, the estimated tolerable daily intake in humans ranges from 0.2 to 4.2 ng OA/kg body wt, depending on the method of extrapolation used. In view of the toxic properties of OA, it is recommended that exposure to OA be kept to a minimum. In Canada, further monitoring programs are required to better define the overall residue profile of OA in cereal grains, animal feeds, animal food products, and human blood. Such data are required to better assess dietary exposure and to ascertain the need for regulatory controls or other control mechanisms. (c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.
Influence of Aging on Lung Function-clinical Significance of Changes from Age Twenty

There has been a progressive increase in the number of patients aged 65 years and over presenting for single or multiple anesthetics. In order to provide adequate care, a clear understanding of the physiological changes that occur with aging is needed. This review will examine the literature dealing with the effects of aging on pulmonary physiology and discuss their clinical implications as follows: mechanical properties of the lungs, gas exchange, control of breathing, and postoperative lung function. Because smoking, obesity, and chronic heart disease adversely affect lung function, the effects of these diseases also will be examined. There are no longitudinal studies in the literature that examine all aspects of lung function. Therefore, we gathered data pertaining to different age groups and used regression analysis limiting extrapolation beyond the range of ages in any particular study.
Shallow water waveguide characterization using the Hankel transform

A coherent processing technique is proposed for the characterization of shallow water channels. For a horizontally stratified ocean and bottom, the method consists of measuring the magnitude and phase versus range of the pressure due to a cw point source and Hankel transforming this data to obtain the depth‐dependent Green's function versus horizontal wave‐number. The Green's function contains all the information about the channel necessary to solve the forward problem, including the nature of the discrete and continuous spectra and the plane‐wave reflection coefficient of the bottom. Characteristics of the Green's function can also be used to infer acoustic properties of the bottom. Results for simple examples are presented using synthetic data and implications for the nonstratified case are discussed.
Phylogenetic origin of Antenoron filiforme inferred from nuclear ITS sequences

Phylogenetic origin of Antenoron filiforme remains unknown.Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on sequences of nuclear ITS sequences for species of A.filiforme and allies.Triplaris weigeltiana was designed as outgroup.The analyses were performed using parsimony reconstruction methods.Some conclusions could be drawn as follows:(1)A.filiforme and sect.Persicaria,sect.Echinocaulon formed three paratactic clades.Therefore,it was unnecessary to accord A.filiforme as genus rank and it was appropriate to accord A.filiforme as section rank. (2)A.filiforme clustered with sect.Persicaria,sect.Echinocaulon with a bootstrap value of 96%,indicating their close affinity.
Disrupted Retrieval in Directed Forgetting: A Link With Posthypnotic Amnesia

: Certain reliable findings from research on directed forgetting seem difficult to accommodate in terms of the theoretical processes, such as selective rehearsal or storage differentiation, that have been put forward to account for directed-forgetting phenomena. Some kind of "missing mechanism" appears to be involved. In order to circumvent the methodological constraints that have limited the conclusions investigators could draw from past experiments, a new paradigm is introduced herein that includes a mixture of intentional and incidental learning. With this paradigm, a midlist instruction to forget the first half of a list was found to reduce later recall of the items learned incidentally as well as those learned intentionally. This result suggests that a cue to forget can lead to a disruption of retrieval processes as well as to the alteration of encoding processes postulated in prior theories. The results also provide a link between intentional forgetting and the literature on posthypnotic amnesia, in which disrupted retrieval has been implicated. With each of these procedures, the information that can be remembered is typically recalled out of order and often with limited recollection for when the information had been presented. It therefore was concluded here that retrieval inhibition plays a significant role in nonhypnotic as well as in hypnotic instances of directed forgetting. The usefulness of retrieval inhibition as a mechanism for memory updating was also discussed.
Dynamic specification of coarticulated vowels

This chapter summarizes research conducted over a 35 year period on the dynamic specification of vowels. A series of experiments comparing vowels in consonant context with vowels produced in isolation failed to support talker normalization theories that predicted higher accuracy through prior exposure to a talker’s “point vowels. ” Instead, these studies showed that vowels in consonant context were more accurately identified than isolated vowels, supporting a dynamic specification of vowels theory over static target theories, leading to the proposal that important information is contained in the formant transitions. Consonant–vowel coarticulation is not a source of “noise”, rather it gives rise to an acoustic array in which the consonants and vowels are cospecified in the time-varying spectral configuration which we call dynamic specification. Subsequent experiments showed high identification accuracy for “silent center vowels” in which the central portion of the CVC syllable was removed by gating. Identification accuracy was not disrupted when the onset and offset portions were produced by different speakers. Vowel identification improved with increasing duration of the onsets or offset portions. Onsets were identified more accurately than offsets but neither was as well identified as the silent center syllables. Collectively these and other experiments summarized herein support the view that the most important source of information for speaker-invariant vowel identity is carried in dynamic specification of vowel onset and offset spectral patterns, with vowel duration also playing a role. Subsequent experiments with North German vowels, which do not exhibit the degree of vowel diphthongization reported in American English dialects, showed that listeners rely on dynamic spectro-temporal information specified by syllable onsets and offsets, in addition to cues provided by inherent vowel duration. Cross-language comparisons are presented from the perspective of adaptive dispersion theory. These comparisons support the view that dynamic properties are perceptually more important in differentiating vowels in languages with large vowel inventories.
Efficient Algorithm Based on Non-Backtracking Matrix for Community Detection in Signed Networks

Community detection or clustering is a crucial task for understanding the structure of complex systems. In some networks, nodes are permitted to be linked by either “positive” or “negative” edges; such networks are called signed networks. Discovering communities in signed networks is more challenging than that in unsigned networks. In this study, we innovatively develop a non-backtracking matrix of signed networks, theoretically derive a detectability threshold for this matrix, and demonstrate the feasibility of using the matrix for community detection. We further improve the developed matrix by considering the balanced paths in the network (referred to as a balanced non-backtracking matrix). Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm based on the balanced non-backtracking matrix significantly outperforms those based on the adjacency matrix, the signed non-backtracking matrix, and other benchmark algorithms. The proposed (improved) matrix shows great potential for detecting communities with or without overlap.
A Survey on Document-level Neural Machine Translation

Machine translation (MT) is an important task in natural language processing (NLP), as it automates the translation process and reduces the reliance on human translators. With the resurgence of neural networks, the translation quality surpasses that of the translations obtained using statistical techniques for most language-pairs. Up until a few years ago, almost all of the neural translation models translated sentences independently, without incorporating the wider document-context and inter-dependencies among the sentences. The aim of this survey article is to highlight the major works that have been undertaken in the space of document-level machine translation after the neural revolution, so researchers can recognize the current state and future directions of this field. We provide an organization of the literature based on novelties in modelling and architectures as well as training and decoding strategies. In addition, we cover evaluation strategies that have been introduced to account for the improvements in document MT, including automatic metrics and discourse-targeted test sets. We conclude by presenting possible avenues for future exploration in this research field.
Fine-Grained Privacy Detection with Graph-Regularized Hierarchical Attentive Representation Learning

Due to the complex and dynamic environment of social media, user generated contents (UGCs) may inadvertently leak users’ personal aspects, such as the personal attributes, relationships and even the health condition, and thus place users at high privacy risks. Limited research efforts, thus far, have been dedicated to the privacy detection from users’ unstructured data (i.e., UGCs). Moreover, existing efforts mainly focus on applying conventional machine learning techniques directly to traditional hand-crafted privacy-oriented features, ignoring the powerful representing capability of the advanced neural networks. In light of this, in this article, we present a fine-grained privacy detection network (GrHA) equipped with graph-regularized hierarchical attentive representation learning. In particular, the proposed GrHA explores the semantic correlations among personal aspects with graph convolutional networks to enhance the regularization for the UGC representation learning, and, hence, fulfil effective fine-grained privacy detection. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over state-of-the-art competitors in terms of eight standard metrics. As a byproduct, we have released the codes and involved parameters to facilitate the research community.
Comparative study on DNA contents of five cultured fishes of Acipenseridae and Huso

Employing flow cytometry Partec Pas Ⅲ (made in Germany) , we measured somatic cell DNA contents of five fishes consisting of A . gueledenstaedti Brandt, A . baeri Brandt, A. schrencki Brandt, A. ruthenus Linnaeus and H. dauricus Georhi, based on standard DNA content 2. 3pg/N of the chicken red blood cell ( RBC). The results demonstrated that the DNA contents of A. gueledenstaedti, A. baeri and A. schrencki are very close, which are 12.24pg/N, 11.60 pg/N and 11.59pg/N respectively, whereas the DNA contents of A. ruthenus and H. dauricus were only 6. 06pg/N and 4. 77 pg/N. There are no slightly significant differences between them. However, the DNA contents of the former three fishes described are twice higher than those of the latter two fishes. Finally, we determined the former three fishes belong to octoploid and the latter two fishes belong to tetraploid according to the results obtained and the documents published.
Self-Supervised Small Soccer Player Detection and Tracking

In a soccer game, the information provided by detecting and tracking brings crucial clues to further analyze and understand some tactical aspects of the game, including individual and team actions. State-of-the-art tracking algorithms achieve impressive results in scenarios on which they have been trained for, but they fail in challenging ones such as soccer games. This is frequently due to the player small relative size and the similar appearance among players of the same team. Although a straightforward solution would be to retrain these models by using a more specific dataset, the lack of such publicly available annotated datasets entails searching for other effective solutions. In this work, we propose a self-supervised pipeline which is able to detect and track low-resolution soccer players under different recording conditions without any need of ground-truth data. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experimental results are presented evaluating its performance. We also present a comparison to several state-of-the-art methods showing that both the proposed detector and the proposed tracker achieve top-tier results, in particular in the presence of small players. Code available at "https://github.com/samuro95/Self-Supervised-Small-Soccer-Player-Detection-Tracking".
Consensus tracking for multi-agent systems subject to channel fading: a sliding mode control method

This paper considers the consensus tracking problem of second-order multi-agent systems. The key feature in this work is that the state transmission among followers may be subject to channel fading. In order to cope with the adverse factor, this work introduces the statistical information of channel fading into the measure function on the consensus tracking errors. Meanwhile, a feasible distributed sliding mode controller is designed by means of the received fading states. And then, both the reachability and the stability of sliding mode dynamics are analysed, under which the consensus tracking for followers to the leader is attained. Finally, a numerical simulation example is provided for verifying the proposed sliding mode control scheme.