Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
nvPM Mass vs. Rated Output {Current

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing particulate matter (PM) emission standards and test procedures applicable to certain classes of engines used by civil subsonic jet airplanes (engines with rated output of greater than 26.7 kilonewtons (kN)) to replace the existing smoke standard for those engines. The EPA is adopting these standards under our authority in the Clean Air Act (CAA). These standards and test procedures are equivalent to the engine standards adopted by the United Nations’ International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2017 and 2020 and will apply to both new type design aircraft engines and in-production aircraft engines. The EPA, as well as the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), actively participated in the ICAO proceedings in which the ICAO requirements were developed. These standards reflect the importance of the control of PM emissions and U.S. efforts to secure the highest practicable degree of uniformity in aviation regulations and standards. Additionally, the EPA is migrating, modernizing, and streamlining the existing regulations into a new part in the Code of Federal Regulations. As part of this update, the EPA is also aligning with ICAO by applying the smoke number standards to engines less than or equal to 26.7 kilonewtons rated output used on supersonic airplanes. DATES: This final rule is effective on December 23, 2022. The incorporation by reference of certain material listed in this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of December 23, 2022. ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2019–0660. All documents in the docket are listed on the www.regulations. gov website. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business information or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically through www.regulations. gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The Docket Center’s hours of operations are 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m. , Monday–Friday (except Federal Holidays). For further information on the EPA Docket Center services and the current status, see: https://www.epa.gov/dockets. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Bryan Manning, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Assessment and Standards Division (ASD), Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; telephone number: (734) 214–4832; email address: manning.bryan@epa.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Observational Estimates of Turbulence Parameters in the Atmospheric Surface Layer of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones

This study analyzes observations collected by multilevel towers to estimate turbulence parameters in the atmospheric surface layer of two landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs). The momentum flux, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and dissipation rate increase with the wind speed independent of surface types. However, the momentum flux and TKE are much larger over land than over the coastal ocean at a given wind speed range. The vertical eddy diffusivity is directly estimated using the momentum flux and strain rate, which more quickly increases with the wind speed over a rougher surface. Comparisons of the eddy diffusivity estimated using the direct flux method and that using the friction velocity and height show good agreement. On the other hand, the traditional TKE method overestimates the eddy diffusivity compared to the direct flux method. The scaling coefficients in the TKE method are derived for the two different surface types to better match with the vertical eddy diffusivity based on the direct flux method. Some guidance to improve vertical diffusion parameterizations for TC landfall forecasts in weather simulations are also provided.
Variability in the properties of wakes generated by high-speed ferries

The largest impact on the coast of waves generated by high-speed ferries is usually caused by the highest and longest components of transcritical wakes. Building reliable statistics of these parts of vessel-generated waves is usually nontrivial because of the high variability in the properties of wakes and their infrequent occurrence. Tallinn Bay is one of the few places where high-speed ferries frequently operate at transcritical speeds close to the shoreline. We report the results of measurements performed in 2008 at the entrance of Tallinn Bay. The time series of water surface elevations were collected in 2.5-3 in water depth, similar to 100 m offshore from an almost non-reflecting beach, similar to 2700 m from the sailing line. The data from 418 wakes on 15 days allows the construction of distribution functions of different wake properties (maximum height, wake energy,and energy flux) with an acceptable accuracy. The periods of the highest waves vary insignificantly and are closely related to the cruise speed of the vessels. An appropriate measure of the properties and variability of wakes is the maximum wave height. Wakes from `classic' high-speed ships are very variable. Wakes from large, basically conventional, but strongly powered ferries show quite limited variability, thus, both the average and extreme wake properties of such ships can be more easily adjusted by changing their sailing regime.
Distribution of Mycoflora and Assessment of Moisture Content Measurement Methods of Indian Bakery Food Products

: Mycotoxins are toxic food pollutants that are created naturally by some fungus. By contaminating food, they have a harmful impact on human health. This study's major objective was to simulate food products from bakeries being contaminated. Separate bakery food samples were examined to see whether fungus and associated mycotoxins were present. One hundred fifty-nine (159) bakery food samples were collected randomly from different shops in rural sides and around Davangere city, during July to November 2022. Qualitatively, maximum number of molds were isolated and identified from bakery food samples. The most common species are Trichoderma harzianum , A. niger, Rhizopus , A. flavus , Penicillium sp , Curvularia sp , A. parasiticus , Penicillium chrysogenum , Aspergillus sp , Fusarium sp , Trichoderma sp , Alternaria sp and Mucor sp . The moisture content was found to be maximum in sweets made from dry fruits and milk followed by cakes, burfi, cookies, bread etc and minimum growth were observed in chips. Results regarding moisture content of bakery food products showed that, NS41-NS159 samples had high moisture content 60%, followed by NS1-NS11 (49.8%), NS12-NS20 (49.8%), NS21-NS35 (37.8%) and NS36-NS40 (13.6%) respectively. Results in moisture content determination in bakery food products reveals that high moisture content causes maximum growth of microorganisms on bakery food samples. Statical analysis showed that storage had a significant effect on moisture content of bakery food products.
Risk Factors for Inadequate Bowel Preparation

Objectives: The effectiveness of colonoscopy depends on the quality of the examination. Inadequate bowel preparation is associated with a longer and more difficult procedure, missed pathologic lesions, and risk of complications. The predictive factors for poor bowel preparation are not well defined. The objective of our study was to determine the predictive factors of poor bowel preparation. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of patients who underwent colonoscopy over a period of 3 years. Patients with known Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) were excluded from our study. Poor bowel preparation was defined by a Boston score of less than or equal to 5. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS21.0 software. Results: Among 1143 colonoscopies performed, 39.2% had a poor preparation. After univariate analysis, the predictive factors for poor preparation were: male sex, age greater than 70 years, the presence of constipation, patients with colonic diverticulosis or colorectal process. After multivariate analysis, only age greater than 70 years [OR=1.8; p=0.038], constipation [OR=2.3; p=0.003] and the presence of colonic diverticulosis [OR=4.1; p<0.001] were statistically significantly associated with poor preparation. Conclusion: The rate of poor bowel preparation remains high, and the factors that seem to be associated with it are age over 70 years, the presence of constipation and patients with colonic diverticulosis.
Effects of blood sample collection and preparation methods on concentrations of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids in dairy cattle

Graphical Abstract Summary: Measurement of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) is common in nutrition and physiology research. The type of blood collection and sample processing method might influence analytical values. Here, blood samples were obtained from cows and calves (n = 45) into tubes containing ethylenediaminotetraacetate (EDTA), EDTA plus sodium fluoride, heparin, or serum separator tubes. Tubes containing EDTA and EDTA plus fluoride were centrifuged immediately or held for 2.5 hours before centrifugation. While differences among preparation methods were small and of limited biological significance, these results provide guidance for collection and processing of blood samples intended for glucose and NEFA assay.
Fire Characteristics and Hydrologic Connectivity Influence Short‐Term Responses of North Temperate Lakes to Wildfire

Despite increasing wildfires, few studies have investigated seasonal water quality responses to wildfire characteristics (e.g., burn severity) across a large number of lakes. We monitored 30 total lakes (15 burned, 15 control) monthly following the Greenwood Fire in Minnesota, USA, a lake‐rich region with historically prevalent wildfire. We found increases in median concentrations of total nitrogen (68%), total phosphorus (70%), dissolved organic carbon (127%), total suspended solids (71%), and reduced water clarity (48%) and pH (0.45) in burned lakes. Post‐wildfire responses in drainage lakes were often persistent or cumulative throughout the open‐water season, compared to isolated lakes. Total phosphorus (TP) increased linearly with watershed high‐severity burns, and shoreline high‐severity burns explained more variation in TP than lake morphometry and watershed variables. Post‐wildfire chlorophyll‐a responses were nonsignificant and inconsistent, possibly due to light limitation. Our results suggest that increasing wildfires have significant potential to affect water quality of inland lakes.
The Approximate Solutions of Large Deflection of a Cantilever Beam under a Point Load

By integrating the physical and time domains with the Galerkin method and adopting approximate solutions satisfying the boundary conditions, a set of algebraic equations of nonlinear nature is obtained from the nonlinear differential equation of an elastic beam for the undetermined coefficients of solutions of the deflection. These coefficients are to be used with the approximate basis functions for the asymptotic and explicit solutions of the nonlinear differential equation of flexure of a beam widely known as an elastica. Taking advantage of powerful tools for the symbolic manipulation of algebraic equations, such a novel method and procedure offer a new and efficient approach and option with known linear solutions in dealing with increasingly complex nonlinear problems in practical applications of both static and dynamic nature.
Evaluation and heritability studies of local Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars from south-west Nigeria

Se evaluaron siete cultivares locales de Phaseolus lunatus (L.) en ambiente de selva lluviosa humeda del sudoeste de Nigeria durante dos anos. Se utilizo un diseno de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones en cada ano. Los datos evaluados se analizaron mediante el analisis de varianza y los analisis de correlacion de Pearson y de regresion multiple paso a paso. Tambien se determinaron las estimaciones de heredabilidad de 10 caracteres agronomicos. Se observaron efectos significativos para la interaccion anos x cultivar para la mayoria de los caracteres. El rendimiento de semilla/ha vario de 289,14 a 1358,74 kg. Solamente dos cultivares tuvieron rendimientos de semilla superiores a 1000 kg/ha, otros tuvieron bajos rendimientos. El rendimiento de semillas tuvo una correlacion positiva y significativa con la altura de ramificacion, numero de semillas por vaina, peso de 100 semillas y la longitud inter-nodal. Los resultados del analisis de regresion multiple paso a paso mostraron que el peso de vainas por planta, peso de 100 semillas y la longitud de la vaina fueron los factores mas determinantes del rendimiento de semillas en P. lunatus y juntos explicaron el 98% de la variabilidad. Los caracteres tales como longitud de la vaina, area foliar media, peso de vainas por planta y longitud inter-nodal fueron moderadamente heredables. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados en el mejoramiento de P. lunatus.
Potrero de Guadalupe : anthropologie funéraire d'une communauté pré-tarasque du nord du Michoacan, Mexique

This study deals with the funerary evidence for pre-tarasques societies in the area of Michoacan in western Mexico, 500-900 AD. It combines archaeological evidence with anthropological data (types of funerary structures and their distribution, types of interments, grave goods, human remains), allowing an interpretation of the ideological and social organisation of societies - the world of the living as well as the dead.
The Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Individual Readiness for Change with Perceived Organizational Support as A Moderator Factor: Case in Indonesian Employees of Banking Industry

In Indonesia the phenomenon of organizational change occurs a lot. Many industrial sectors affected by digitalization. One of them is the banking industry. These changes occur as a result of the industrial revolution 4.0 or often called the digital era 4.0. This study aims to determine the role of mediators of perceptions of organizational support on banking industry employees on the effect of psychological empowerment on individual readiness to change. The sample used in this study was 149 banking industry employees, particularly those who worked as tellers and customer service. The findings indicated a notable impact of psychological empowerment on the individual readiness to embrace change (R2 = 0.206; Sig. = 0.000). When Perceived Organizational Support is added to the moderator variable, R2 coefficient increases to 0.258; Sig.0.000, which means that Perceived Organizational Support can moderated the relationship between psychological empowerment and individual readiness for change in Indonesia’s banking industry employees. The implication of this study, companies providing feedback related to employee performance provides employee opportunities for career development.
Comparative study of safety of Baska mask and Proseal LMA with respect to the oropharyngeal seal in a tertiary centre

Background: Traditionally, endotracheal intubation has been the standard practice for administering general anaesthesia for most of the surgeries. Now a number of supraglottic airway devices (SAD) have been introduced in the clinical practice offering a simple and effective alternative to the endotracheal intubation, avoiding the use of laryngoscope to put the ETT (endotracheal tube) which is associated with exaggerated hemodynamic response. Method: The present prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Government Medical College, Jammu. After attaining approval of the Ethical committee of the Institute, present study included 90 patients of either gender ranging from 18 – 70 years, belonging to ASA grade I and II scheduled for elective surgery of less than 2 hours duration under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into Group P (PLMA) &Group B (Baska mask) of 45patients in each group. Result: Mean oropharyngeal leak pressure for Group P and Group B was almost equal (30.1 ± 3.08 cm H 2 O vs 30.7 ± 2.59 cm H 2 O after 5 minutes and 30.4 ± 3.09 cm H 2 O vs 31.6 ± 2.55 cm H 2 O after 30 minutes of device placement respectively). Conclusion: Oropharyngeal seal provided by the Baska mask is comparable with that of Proseal LMA with no difference in postoperative oropharyngeal morbidity.
Long-Term Glacier Mass-Balance Investigations in Svalbard, 1950–88

Mass-balance investigations on glaciers in Svalbard at high latitudes (78°N) show that the ice masses have been steadily decreasing during the period 1950–88. Detailed annual observations have been carried out on Brøggerbreen since 1966 and Lovénbreen since 1967. The mean specific net balances are −0.46 and −0.37 m year−1 water equivalent respectively. Only one year had positive net balance in this period. The cumulative mass lost in the period is then more than 10% of the volume in 1967. Zero net balance would be obtained if the summer temperature was lowered about 1°C or if the winter precipitation increased about 50%. There is a strong correlation between the net mass balance and the height of the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA). Because of the high amount of superimposed ice (10–30% of winter balance) stake readings are necessary to find the ELA. There is no sign of climatic warming through increased melting. The trend analysis of the data from the last 20 years shows stable conditions with a slight increase of the winter balance. The net balance is then slightly increasing and thus less negative than 20 years ago.
Family caregivers' perspectives on barriers to caring for patients with schizophrenia: A descriptive qualitative study

Background & Aim: Schizophrenia significantly burdens family members when a member of their family is afflicted with this condition. Family caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care and support to individuals experiencing schizophrenia within the community. Therefore, an in-depth study of family caregivers' experiences is crucial for developing effective care quality improvement programs. This study aimed at exploring family caregivers' experiences of the barriers to caregiving to patients with schizophrenia. Methods & Materials: This study was conducted in 2021–2022 through in-depth semi-structured. The duration of the interviews varied in length from 45 to 90 minutes. Interviews were conducted with sixteen family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The conventional content analysis proposed by Graneheim and Lundman was used for data analysis. Results: The findings can be classified into three primary categories. The category "Inefficiency of Support Resources" encompasses the subcategories of "Inadequate Support by Family Members," "Inadequate Support by the Healthcare System," and "Financial Predicament. " The category "Limited Public Knowledge about Psychiatric Disorders" includes the subcategories of "Social Stigmatization" and "Being Social Rejection. " Lastly, the category "destructive nature of schizophrenia" encompasses the subcategories of "Gradual Loss of Abilities" and "Gradual Patient Passivity. " Conclusion: Family caregivers encounter various barriers in providing patient care. Thus, they require support from the treatment team and family members, as well as financial and the development of rehabilitation programs. Additionally, involving caregivers in the patient's treatment plan and planning programs to reduce the stigma associated with caregivers is crucial.
Sexually dimorphic oxytocin receptor‐expressing (OXTR) neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) in the postpartum female mouse are involved in maternal behavior

Maternal care is crucial for the survival and development of offspring. Oxytocin modulates maternal behavior by binding to oxytocin receptors (OXTRs) in various parts of the brain. Previously, we showed that OXTRs are expressed in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of female, but not male mice. Because the AVPV is involved in the regulation of maternal behavior and oxytocin enhances its induction, this finding leads to the hypothesis that the female specific population of OXTR neurons in the AVPV regulates maternal behavior. To address this hypothesis, OXTR‐Venus reporter mice were used to assess if expression levels of OXTR in the AVPV are changed during the postpartum period. The total number of OXTR‐Venus neurons was significantly greater in postpartum dams compared to virgin females. To assess efferent projections of the AVPV‐OXTR neurons, a Cre‐dependent fluorescent protein (tdTomato) expressing a viral vector was injected into one side of the AVPV of female OXTR‐Cre mice. Fibers expressing tdTomato were found in hypothalamic areas containing oxytocin neurons (the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei) and the midbrain areas (the ventral tegmental area and periaqueductal gray) that are involved in the regulation of maternal motivation. To assess if activity of the AVPV‐OXTR neurons is involved in the regulation of maternal behaviors, a chemogenetic approach was employed. Specific inhibition of activity of AVPV‐OXTR neurons completely abolished pup retrieval and nest building behaviors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that AVPV‐OXTR neurons in postpartum female mice constitute an important node in the neural circuitry that regulates maternal behavior.
Effect of PUFA on ovarian morphometry and haemodynamics in repeat breeding cows

The objectives of the present study to investigate follicle and corpus luteum size and blood flow indices by ultrasonagraphy in repeat breeding cows. Particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the form of crushed flaxseed @ 500 g per day for 30 days in addition to conventional feed, is a strategy to raise the nutritional status of the RBS cows to enhance follicular recruitment, growth, corpus luteum formation and its function.
Analysis of High School Students Mistakes in Completing The Topic Limit Function Type Higher Order Thinking Skill

The ability to think higher order is one of the curriculum demands that can train students' ability to solve problems and improve their experience in doing HOTS questions.The purpose of this study was to analyze student mistake in solving HOTS-type limit function questions. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, and the subjects of this study consisted of 24 students in class XI consisting of students with high, medium, and low abilities at SMA N 2 Bangkinang Kota. Data collection techniques obtained from tests and documentationhe analysis technique carried out involves grouping students based on high, medium, and low abilities. Based on the results and discussion, this study shows that there are three types of student errors: comprehension errors, transformation errors, and skill errors. Factors of student error in solving HOTS questions In the function limit problem, students have not been able to absorb information well, they have not been able to understand the meaning of the questions given, and they are not careful and less thorough in the process.