Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isozyme and DNA Analyses of Local Citrus Germplasm on Amami Islands, Japan

Genetic relationships among local Citrus accessions on the Amami islands, Japan, were evaluated using isozyme, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) analyses. Four loci were detected for three enzymes examined in isozyme analysis. Four and three kinds of genotypes were detected in glutamate oxaloacetate transminase (GOT)-1 and GOT-2, respectively. At least six genotypes were observed in peroxidase (PX). All accessions showed the same genotype except for one accession of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-3. In general, accessions that belong to the same species or type showed identical genotypes; however, some diversity of genotypes was observed within the same species and type. On the basis of the RAPD data, genetic relationships were assessed using NJ cluster analysis. From this result, accessions could be classified into three major clusters, A, B, and C. Cluster A included C. nobilis (Kunenbo), C. keraji (‘Keraji-Kikaijima’ and Kabuchii), C. oto (Oto), ‘Keraji-Kakeromajima’, and ‘Oto-Okinoerabujima’. Cluster B included only control accessions. Cluster C could be divided into four subclusters as follows: subcluster C. depressa (Shiikuwasha), some Sour orange relatives such as ‘Fusuu’ and ‘Kusa’, ‘Kikaimikan-Okinoerabujima’, and ‘Shimamikan’. Accessions were classified into three types in cpDNA analysis. Type I included C. nobilis (Kunenbo), C. keraji (‘Keraji-Kikaijima’ and Kabuchii), C. oto (Oto), ‘Keraji-Kakeromajima’, ‘Oto-Okinoerabujima’, and C. rokugatsu. Type II was composed of C. depressa (Shiikuwasha), ‘Kikaimikan-Okinoerabujima’, ‘Kusa’, and ‘Shiikuu’. Type III consisted of only ‘Shimamikan’. All mandarin accessions that were determined to belong to cluster A in RAPD analysis were included in type I of cpDNA analysis. Meanwhile, mandarins in types II and III in cpDNA analysis consisted of accessions in cluster C of RAPD analysis.
Higher-Order Total Directional Variation: Imaging Applications

We introduce a class of higher-order anisotropic total variation regularisers, which are defined for possibly inhomogeneous, smooth elliptic anisotropies, that extends the Total Generalized Variation (TGV) regulariser and its variants. We propose a primal-dual hybrid gradient approach to approximate numerically the associated gradient flow. This choice of regularisers allows to preserve and enhance intrinsic anisotropic features in images. This is illustrated on various examples from different imaging applications: image denoising, wavelet-based image zooming, and reconstruction of surfaces from scattered height measurements.
A successful mass translocation of commensal rhesus monkeys Macaca mulatta in Vrindaban, India

Rhesus monkeys Macaca mulatta and people have coexisted for many years in Vrindaban in Mathura District, Uttar Pradesh, India. The monkeys are highly valued both by locals and pilgrims to the area, in part because of their quasi sacred status, but during the last two decades the increasing human and monkey populations of the township have led to severe human-monkey conflict and a decrease in people's respect for the monkeys. To ease this situation one of the world's largest ever translocations of monkeys was undertaken. In 1995, 30 groups of rhesus monkeys, comprising an estimated 1,338 individuals, were recorded in Vrindaban. Of these, 12 groups, a total of 600 individuals, were translocated in January 1997 to eight sites in seminatural forested areas within the same District. A post-translocation study indicated that the translocated monkeys were settled and appeared to be exhibiting normal behaviour. This study indicates that translocation of commensal monkeys to forested areas can be a successful technique for their rehabilitation.
Guiding Deep Molecular Optimization with Genetic Exploration

De novo molecular design attempts to search over the chemical space for molecules with the desired property. Recently, deep learning has gained considerable attention as a promising approach to solve the problem. In this paper, we propose genetic expert-guided learning (GEGL), a simple yet novel framework for training a deep neural network (DNN) to generate highly-rewarding molecules. Our main idea is to design a "genetic expert improvement" procedure, which generates high-quality targets for imitation learning of the DNN. Extensive experiments show that GEGL significantly improves over state-of-the-art methods. For example, GEGL manages to solve the penalized octanol-water partition coefficient optimization with a score of 31.82, while the best-known score in the literature is 26.1. Besides, for the GuacaMol benchmark with 20 tasks, our method achieves the highest score for 19 tasks, in comparison with state-of-the-art methods, and newly obtains the perfect score for three tasks.
Growth responses of different aged individuals of Xanthium strumarium L. in flooded conditions1

Abstract In order to assess the effects of age on flooding tolerance, we conducted a mesocosm flooding experiment that examined biomass accumulation of two age cohorts of Xanthium strumarium L. We also examined repeated measures of stem height and diameter of each cohort for the duration of the experiment. We hypothesized that change in biomass measures (root and shoot biomass, increase in total biomass, and root shoot ratio) of older individuals would be greater than younger individuals under simulated flooded conditions. We further hypothesized that older individuals would be impacted more than younger individuals regarding stress; i.e., the younger cohort would acclimate and thus flooding effects would be masked. Results indicate that older individuals were more impacted by flooding than younger individuals for all biomass parameters. Height repeated measures indicated that older individuals differentially responded to flooding stress, compared to younger individuals; which was also the case for diameter repeated measures. Our study indicates that individuals exposed to flooding at an early age could be plastically developing acclimation structures leading to younger cohorts subsequently outperforming their older cohorts that did not develop under the stressed conditions.
Phytochemical screening and biological activity studies of five South African indigenous medicinal plants

Different extracts and fractions of five selected indigenous South African medicinal plants, namely, Cissampelos capensis, Geranium incanum and three Gethyllisspecies, were subjected to phytochemical screening and testing for cytotoxicity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, and antimicrobial activity assays against nine microbes, which included three fungal species, three Gram negative and three Gram positive bacteria. The majority of the extracts tested positive for the presence of tannins, phenolics and flavonoids, while in selected cases, phytochemical tests suggested the presence of essential oils, glycosides or alkaloids. The methanol extract of Gethyllis gregoriana displayed the highest cytotoxicity levels. Generally, the highest levels of biological activity were shown to reside in the methanolic extracts, while hexane extracts revealed very low to zero activity. The total tertiary alkaloid (TTA) of C. capensis was mostly active against Bacillus subtilis, a Gram +ve bacteria. The trends observed for the cytotoxicity assay were in agreement with those observed for the antimicrobial assay. Key words: Brine shrimp, lethality, medicinal plants, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity.
Heavy dark matter, neutrino masses, and Higgs naturalness from a strongly interacting hidden sector

We consider the extension of the Standard Model (SM) with a strongly interacting QCD-like hidden sector, at least two generations of right-handed neutrinos and one scalar singlet. Once scalar singlet obtains a nonzero vacuum expectation value, active neutrino masses are generated through type-I seesaw mechanism. Simultaneously, the electroweak scale is generated through the radiative corrections involving these massive fermions. This is the essence of the scenario that is known as the "neutrino option" for which the successful masses of right-handed neutrinos are in the range $10^7-10^8$ GeV. The main goal of this work is to scrutinize the potential to accommodate dark matter in such a realization. The dark matter candidates are Nambu-Goldstone bosons which appear due to the dynamical breaking of the hidden chiral symmetry. The mass spectrum studied in this work is such that masses of Nambu-Goldstone bosons and singlet scalar exceed those of right-handed neutrinos. Having the masses of all relevant particles several orders of magnitude above $\mathcal{O}$(TeV), the freeze-out of dark matter is not achievable and hence we turn to alternative scenarios, namely freeze-in. The Nambu-Goldstone bosons can interact with particles that are not in SM but, however, have non-negligible abundance through their not-too-small couplings with SM. Utilizing this, we demonstrate that the dark matter in the model is successfully produced at temperature scale where the right-handed neutrinos are still stable. We note that the lepton number asymmetry sufficient for the generation of observable baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be produced in right-handed neutrino decays. Hence, we infer that the model has the potential to simultaneously address several of the most relevant puzzles in contemporary high-energy physics.
Learning to Teach with Deep Interactions

Machine teaching uses a meta/teacher model to guide the training of a student model (which will be used in real tasks) through training data selection, loss function design, etc. Previously, the teacher model only takes shallow/surface information as inputs (e.g., training iteration number, loss and accuracy from training/validation sets) while ignoring the internal states of the student model, which limits the potential of learning to teach. In this work, we propose an improved data teaching algorithm, where the teacher model deeply interacts with the student model by accessing its internal states. The teacher model is jointly trained with the student model using meta gradients propagated from a validation set. We conduct experiments on image classification with clean/noisy labels and empirically demonstrate that our algorithm makes significant improvement over previous data teaching methods.
Clustering dark energy imprints on cosmological observables of the gravitational field

We study cosmological observables on the past light-cone of a fixed observer in the context of clustering dark energy. We focus on observables that probe the gravitational field directly, namely the integrated Sachs–Wolfe and non-linear Rees–Sciama effect (ISW-RS), weak gravitational lensing, gravitational redshift, and Shapiro time delay. With our purpose-built N-body code ‘k-evolution’ that tracks the coupled evolution of dark matter particles and the dark energy field, we are able to study the regime of low speed of sound cs where dark energy perturbations can become quite large. Using ray tracing, we produce two-dimensional sky maps for each effect and we compute their angular power spectra. It turns out that the ISW-RS signal is the most promising probe to constrain clustering dark energy properties coded in $w-c_\mathrm{ s}^2$, as the linear clustering of dark energy would change the angular power spectrum by ${\sim}30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at low ℓ when comparing two different speeds of sound for dark energy. Weak gravitational lensing, Shapiro time delay, and gravitational redshift are less sensitive probes of clustering dark energy, showing variations of only a few per cent. The effect of dark energy non-linearities in all the power spectra is negligible at low ℓ, but reaches about $2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively, in the convergence and ISW-RS angular power spectra at multipoles of a few hundred when observed at redshift ∼0.85. Future cosmological surveys achieving per cent precision measurements will allow us to probe the clustering of dark energy to a high degree of confidence.
Attainable profiles for conservation laws with flux function spatially discontinuous at a single point

Consider a scalar conservation law with discontinuous flux (1): \begin{equation*} \quad u_{t}+f(x,u)_{x}=0, \qquad f(x,u)= \begin{cases} f_l(u)\ &\text{if}\ x<0,\\ f_r(u)\ & \text{if} \ x>0, \end{cases} \quad \quad \quad(1) \end{equation*} where u = u(x, t) is the state variable and fl, fr are strictly convex maps. We study the Cauchy problem for (1) from the point of view of control theory regarding the initial datum as a control. Letting u(x,t)≐StABu-(x) denote the solution of the Cauchy problem for (1), with initial datum u(⋅,0)=u-, that satisfy at x = 0 the interface entropy condition associated to a connection (A, B) (see Adimurthi, S. Mishra and G.D. Veerappa Gowda, J. Hyperbolic Differ. Equ. 2 (2005) 783–837), we analyze the family of profiles that can be attained by (1) at a given time T > 0: \mathcal{A}^{AB}(T)=\left\{\mathcal{S}_T^{AB} \,\overline u : \ \overline u\in{\bf L}^\infty(\mathbb{R})\right\}. \ We provide a full characterization of AAB(T) as a class of functions in BVloc(ℝ\{0}) that satisfy suitable Oleǐnik-type inequalities, and that admit one-sided limits at x = 0 which satisfy specific conditions related to the interface entropy criterion. Relying on this characterisation, we establish the Lloc1-compactness of the set of attainable profiles when the initial data u- vary in a given class of uniformly bounded functions, taking values in closed convex sets. We also discuss some applicationsof these results to optimization problems arising in traffic flow.
A New Framework for Assessment of Potassium‐Buffering Mechanisms

A new concept, that of "buffer capacity," is defined for potassium-buffering mechanisms in neural tissue. Buffer capacities for different mechanisms can be added and compared, thus simplifying quantitative assessment of diffusion, cytoplasmic uptake, and spatial buffering under varied conditions. The characteristic frequency components for potassium disturbances due to neural events are identified. The effect of buffering by a reservoir of fluid at a tissue surface is analyzed, together with its intrinsic limitations. The role of retinal Muller cells in spatial buffering is considered quantitatively: both buffering to the tissue surface and buffering sideways through cell-to-cell connections.
Survey of CO2 Radiation Experimental Data in Relation with Planetary Entry

This paper focuses on a survey of experimental data related to radiation into CO2 plasma flows, which are encountered during Mars and Venus entries. The review emphasizes on VUV and IR radiation, since recent experimental efforts has been devoted to these wavelength ranges since they contribute mostly to CO2 plasma radiation. The main objective of the study is to identify the most attractive datasets for future crosscheck comparisons with the results obtained during future test campaigns with ESTHER shock-tube. The survey accounts for the results obtained in shock-tubes, expansion tube and plasma arc-jets for Mars and Venus test campaigns. The experimental results obtained for propulsion related studies have also been considered.
Efficacy of KIH-485 on Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum) and Selected Broadleaf Weeds in Corn1

KIH-485 is an experimental herbicide being evaluated for preemergence weed control in corn. Field experiments were conducted in Burleson County, Texas, in 2003 and 2004 to compare weed control, corn tolerance, and corn yield with various rates of KIH-485 or S-metolachlor. Each herbicide was applied in single preemergence applications at four rates, or in combination with atrazine. KIH-485 at 500 g ai/ha provided better Texas panicum control than S-metolachlor by 9 WAT. KIH-485 or S-metolachlor treatments controlled Palmer amaranth at least 91% at all evaluation dates. In 2003, no other treatment controlled velvetleaf better than 500 g/ha KIH-485. The following year, all KIH-485 rates above 125 g/ha controlled velvetleaf better than any rate of S-metolachlor alone. Moreover, KIH-485 controlled all weed species as good as or better than S-metolachlor plus atrazine, regardless of KIH-485 rate. There was no significant corn injury observed, and grain yield reflected the effects of weed control. Nomenclature: Atrazine; KIH-485, 3-[(5-difluoromethoxy-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-4-yl)-methylsulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethylisoxazole; metolachlor; S-metolachlor; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. ; #3 AMAPA; Texas panicum, Panicum texanum Buckl. , # PANTE; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, # ABUTH; corn, Zea mays L. #3 ZEAMA. Additional Index Words: Corn weed control, experimental herbicide, preemergence. Abbreviations: WAT, weeks after treatment.
Structure and composition of the inner crust of neutron stars from Gogny interactions

The detailed knowledge of the inner crust properties of neutron stars might be important to explain different phenomena such as pulsar glitches or the possibility of an {\it r-process} site in neutron star mergers. It has been shown in the literature that quantal effects like shell correction or pairing may play a relevant role to determine the composition of the inner crust of the neutron star. In this paper we construct the equation of state of the inner crust using the finite-range Gogny interactions, where the mean field and the pairing field are calculated with same interaction. We have used the semiclassical Variational Wigner-Kirkwood method along with shell and pairing corrections calculated with the Strutinsky integral method and the BCS approximation, respectively. Our results are compared with those of some popular models from the literature. We report a unified equation of state of the inner crust and core computed with the D1M* Gogny force, which was specifically fabricated for astrophysical calculations.
New and rare diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from a mountain lake in Eastern Siberia

The examination of a moss sample collected from a lake in a remote mountainous region of Eastern Siberia revealed a diverse diatom flora that included four new species: Eunotia frigida , Brachysira subtile , Encyonopsis vasilievae , and Neidium rugosum . N. rugosum has been previously illustrated from several locations in the arctic and subarctic and is widely distributed across the circumpolar Arctic. The distribution of three other species is likely more limited. Besides these species, a number of rare diatoms were also found in the moss community. These include Neidium boyeri and Stauroneis crassula previously known only from North America; Encyonema sibericum so far only reported from Western Siberia, Encyonema lunatum var. borealis earlier found in Finland, and Eunotia ferefalcata, Pinnularia angustarea , and Naviculadicta mongolica so far reported only from Mongolia. This study contributes to the understanding of biogeographic patterns of diatom distribution.
The local Poincaré problem for irreducible branches

Let ${\mathcal F}$ be a germ of holomorphic foliation defined in a neighborhood of the origin of ${\mathbb C}^{2}$ that has a germ of irreducible holomorphic invariant curve $\gamma$. We provide a lower bound for the vanishing multiplicity of ${\mathcal F}$ at the origin in terms of the equisingularity class of $\gamma$. Moreover, we show that such a lower bound is sharp. Finally, we characterize the types of dicritical singularities for which the multiplicity of $\mathcal{F}$ can be bounded in terms of that of $\gamma$ and provide an explicit bound in this case.
Antiallergic Activity of Andrographolides Isolated from Andrographis Paniculata (Burm. F) Wall

Andrographis paniculata is widely used in traditional remedies in India in a number of clinical conditions including allergic manifestations. Two diterpenes, andrographolide and neoandrographolide, isolated from the plant, were evaluated for their antiallergic activity. These were tested for anti-PCA (Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis) and mast cell stabilizing activities in rats. Significant anti-PCA activity was observed. The compounds also possessed mast cell stabilizing activity against compound 48/80 and in sensitized mast cells, against egg albumin induced degranulation. The activities were found to be comparable to disodium cromoglycate.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 in human endometrium: regulation by interferon-g

The purpose of this study was to localize intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and ICAM-2 in human endometrium and myometrium throughout the menstrual cycle, and to determine whether the expression of these molecules is regulated by interferon (IFN)-g. ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 distribution was examined in endometrial biopsies by immunocytochemistry, and Northern blotting was used to quantify ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 mRNA expression in isolated endometrial glands. Stromal fibroblast cultures were exposed to IFN-g and the effect on expression of ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 was determined by immunocytochemistry and Northern blotting. ICAM-1 was localized in vivo to the apical surface of the glandular epithelium, the vascular endothelium and endometrial stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle. Stromal expression of ICAM-1 was up-regulated in menstrual specimens. Northern blotting confirmed the presence of ICAM-1 mRNA in isolated endometrial glands. The expression of ICAM-1 antigen and message was increased in stromal cell culture after incubation with IFN-g in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that this cytokine stimulates the expression of ICAM-1 in the endometrial stroma. ICAM-2 antigen expression was restricted to the vascular endothelium. ICAM-2 mRNA was absent in endometrial glands. The widespread distribution of ICAM-1 in human endometrium suggests that this molecule is involved in the process of menstruation, the functioning of glands, blood vessels and stroma, and in regulating leukocyte trafficking into the tissue. ICAM-2 is restricted to the vascular endothelium where it might modulate leukocyte invasion of the stroma and myometrial connective tissue.
Integrative taxonomy of the Italian pine voles, Microtus savii group (Cricetidae, Arvicolinae)

The Italian endemic voles belonging to the Microtus savii group (de Sélys‐Longchamps, 1838) include five controversial taxa, namely M. savii savii, M. s. niethammericus Contoli ; M. s. tolfetanus Contoli , M. s. nebrodensis (Minà‐Palumbo, 1868) and M. brachycercus (Lehamann, 1961). A previous mtDNA phylogenetic analysis revealed three main mtDNA lineages that do not correspond to the recognized taxa. Here, we perform a comprehensive univariate and multivariate analysis of craniodental measurements in 151 specimens from 54 geographic samples belonging to the three main phylogroups. Qualitative data on the skull of 126 specimens were also obtained from 54 localities. Moreover, we sequenced the nuclear DNA β‐fibrinogen intron 7 (β‐fibint7) of 23 specimens from 12 localities and Cyt b sequences of 11 new specimens from seven localities. The pattern of morphological and cytogenomic divergence does not corroborate the current taxonomic framework and indicates that M. nebrodensis is a Sicilian endemic species.