Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OSCILLATORY ZONING IN STANNIFEROUS HEMATITE AND ASSOCIATED W- AND Bi-RICH MINERALS FROM CANADIAN CREEK, YUKON, CANADA

We document the first natural occurrence of oscillatory zoning in hematite, due to cryptic variations in tin content. Our studies bear on a placer grain ( ca. 0.5 × 0.7 mm) from a deposit located in Canadian Creek, Yukon, characterized by electron-microprobe analysis (EMP) and Raman spectroscopy. This grain was found in association with ferberite and hubnerite, which form an extensive and nearly continuous series (with up to 10–12 mol.% MgWO4 in ferberite), bismuthinite, daubreeite (? ) [BiO(OH)], and tetradymite (Bi2Te1.9S1.1), which displays a minor deviation from stoichiometry owing to S-for-Te substitution. The compositional data, obtained via EMP traverses oriented across oscillatory zones (up to 10 μm thick, diffuse, and “bright” in back-scattered electron imaging) indicate that this zoning is a reflection of covariations in Fe, Sn, and, to a lesser degree, Al. The “bright” oscillatory zones are enriched in Sn, up to 2.26% SnO2, and in Al, up to 0.42% Al2O3, and are correspondingly poorer in Fe. The Sn-enrichment observed in hematite could be related to a solid-solution series from α-Fe2O3 toward a mixed-valence compound Sn2O3, yielding a mechanism (Sn4+ + Sn2+) ↔ 2 Fe3+. However, a regime of low values of oxygen fugacity would be required to stabilize Sn2+, which seems unlikely in this system. Instead, a series could extend from α-Fe2O3 toward SnO2 (cassiterite). Presumably, Sn4+ enters octahedral sites; a substitution Sn4+-for-Fe3+ is combined with a reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in order to maintain charge balance. We prefer this mechanism, and suggest that the incorporation of minor Al3+ may occur to minimize lattice strain due to the incorporation of Sn4+ and Fe2+. This grain of Sn-bearing hematite may have been derived, along with the W- and Bi-rich minerals, from a mineralized zone associated with a fluid-rich environment, probably a hydrothermal deposit (possibly Au-bearing), which is related to Cretaceous felsic magmatism developed in the placer area.
Aging in America in the twenty-first century: demographic forecasts from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on an Aging Society.

CONTEXT The aging of the baby boom generation, the extension of life, and progressive increases in disability-free life expectancy have generated a dramatic demographic transition in the United States. Official government forecasts may, however, have inadvertently underestimated life expectancy, which would have major policy implications, since small differences in forecasts of life expectancy produce very large differences in the number of people surviving to an older age. This article presents a new set of population and life expectancy forecasts for the United States, focusing on transitions that will take place by midcentury. METHODS Forecasts were made with a cohort-components methodology, based on the premise that the risk of death will be influenced in the coming decades by accelerated advances in biomedical technology that either delay the onset and age progression of major fatal diseases or that slow the aging process itself. FINDINGS Results indicate that the current forecasts of the U.S. Social Security Administration and U.S. Census Bureau may underestimate the rise in life expectancy at birth for men and women combined, by 2050, from 3.1 to 7.9 years. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative outlays for Medicare and Social Security could be higher by $3.2 to $8.3 trillion relative to current government forecasts. This article discusses the implications of these results regarding the benefits and costs of an aging society and the prospect that health disparities could attenuate some of these changes.
Carbon isotope excursions and sea-level change: implications for the Frasnian–Famennian biotic crisis

New carbon and oxygen isotope data from carbonates spanning the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F) boundary in the Guilin area, South China, show a broad positive δ13C rise and fall, with sharp, short-lived negative δ13C events; this pattern is comparable to that in Europe and North America. The integration of the isotope stratigraphy with high-resolution sequence stratigraphy corroborates the onset of the positive δ13C excursion during a third-order sea-level fall in the latest Frasnian. This can best be explained through increased burial of Corg during the sea-level fall, brought about by increased organic productivity caused by increased continent-derived nutrient flux to the ocean due to enhanced weathering through the proliferation of land plants in the Devonian. This scenario would have resulted in anoxic and eutrophic conditions over epicontinental seas and blooms of cyanobacteria, creating a highly stressful and fragile ecosystem for oligotrophic normal-marine benthic organisms and leading to their massive decline. The global third-order sea-level fall near the end of the Frasnian may have led to gas hydrate dissociation (giving the negative δ13C events), and caused wild climatic fluctuations. The subsequent short-term events of sea-level rise, anoxia and eutrophication in the latest part of the F–F transition would have placed additional environmental stresses on the already weakened biota, leading to their further demise.
Effect of tartaric acid on conformation and stability of human prostatic phosphatase : An infrared spectroscopic and calorimetric study S 3

The solution structure and thermal stability of human prostatic acid phosphatase (hPAP) in the absence and in the presence of tartaric acid were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature dependence of the infrared spectrum and DSC scans indicate that hPAP undergoes thermal unfolding at a temperature between 49.5 and 52.5°C. Binding of tartaric acid does not lead tomajor changes in the secondary structure of hPAP, however, hPAP with bound tartaric acid shows a significantly increased thermal stability. These results helped to better understand themechanismof hPAP unfolding at the elevated temperature.
Lower Cretaceous Sandstone Reservoirs, Israel: Petrography, Porosity, Permeability

Sandstones from the Helez Formation (Lower Cretaceous) are the main oil reservoir rocks of the Helez-Kokhav field in the southern coastal plain of Israel. These sandstones make up about 10 percent of the Helez which is 200 m thick; their reservoir characteristics relate to environment of deposition and to postdepositional changes. The sandstones were derived from disintegration and redeposition of older Nubian sandstones which were exposed as a result of post-Jurassic uplift. Volcanic activity took place at the time of the uplift, as a result of which some of the sandstones are tuffaceous. The sandstones are cemented by calcite and dolomite. Amount and mineralogy of cement, which are related to the depositional environment, are the main factors influencing porosity. Perme bility is related to the amount of cement only. In sandstones with intergranular porosity, permeability is dependent on the average grain size. Petrographic study leads to the recognition of three different depositional environments--offshore marine, tidal channel or lagoonal, and dune. The dune sandstones have the most favorable reservoir characteristics; average porosity is 24 percent and permeability values average 200 md. Sandstones deposited in tidal channels or lagoons have an average porosity of 16 percent and permeability values averaging 50 md. The sandstones deposited in an offshore marine environment have a very low porosity and cannot rate as reservoir rocks.
Telomeric allelic imbalance indicates defective DNA repair and sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents.

UNLABELLED DNA repair competency is one determinant of sensitivity to certain chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin. Cancer cells with intact DNA repair can avoid the accumulation of genome damage during growth and also can repair platinum-induced DNA damage. We sought genomic signatures indicative of defective DNA repair in cell lines and tumors and correlated these signatures to platinum sensitivity. The number of subchromosomal regions with allelic imbalance extending to the telomere (N(tAI)) predicted cisplatin sensitivity in vitro and pathologic response to preoperative cisplatin treatment in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In serous ovarian cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, higher levels of N(tAI) forecast a better initial response. We found an inverse relationship between BRCA1 expression and N(tAI) in sporadic TNBC and serous ovarian cancers without BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Thus, accumulation of telomeric allelic imbalance is a marker of platinum sensitivity and suggests impaired DNA repair. SIGNIFICANCE Mutations in BRCA genes cause defects in DNA repair that predict sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, including platinum; however, some patients without BRCA mutations also benefit from these agents. NtAI, a genomic measure of unfaithfully repaired DNA, may identify cancer patients likely to benefit from treatments targeting defective DNA repair.
The Silurian period

Summary Radiometric dates for the Silurian at present depend upon determinations on sediments. Available data suggest a time-span of up to about 50 m.y. for the Silurian period, with upper and lower limits of bout 390 m.y. and 440 m.y. Relations between graptolite zones and the time-scale imply a stratigraphical precision of about 1 m.y. Problems of international correlation are mentioned. The world maximum thickness of the system is estimated at about 70000 ft.
Title : Pericardial adipose tissue and the metabolic syndrome is increased in patients with chronic major depressive disorder compared to acute depression and controls

Citation for published version (APA): Kahl, K. G. , Herrmann, J., Stubbs, B. , Krüger, T. H. C. , Cordes, J., Deuschle, M. , Schweiger, U. , Hüper, K. , Helm, S. , Birkenstock, A. , & Hartung, D. (2016). Pericardial adipose tissue and the metabolic syndrome is increased in patients with chronic major depressive disorder compared to acute depression and controls. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp. 2016.08. 005
Effect of soil characteristics on relative values of piezocone, T-bar and ball penetration resistances

It has been reported in the literature that net cone penetration resistance is normally higher than the penetration resistance measured using full-flow cylindrical (T-bar) or spherical (ball) penetrometers, and also that the ball penetration resistance is generally very close to the T-bar penetration resistance. In this paper, a worldwide high-quality database (three onshore sites and seven offshore sites) was used to identify soil characteristics that contribute to differences in the relative magnitudes of penetration resistance measured with cone, T-bar and ball penetrometers. For soils covered in this database, the ratio of T-bar to net cone penetration resistance (qT-bar/qnet) lay between 0·75 and 1, decreasing with depth from near unity at shallow depths. For the four sites where ball penetrometer data were available, the ratio of ball to T-bar penetration resistance (qball/qT-bar) was found to fluctuate around unity, with an average just greater than 1, but no distinguishable trend with depth. The m.
Consistency of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes across Various Global Gridded In Situ and Reanalysis Datasets

AbstractChanges in climate extremes are often monitored using global gridded datasets of climate extremes based on in situ observations or reanalysis data. This study assesses the consistency of temperature and precipitation extremes between these datasets. Both the temporal evolution and spatial patterns of annual extremes of daily values are compared across multiple global gridded datasets of in situ observations and reanalyses to make inferences on the robustness of the obtained results.While normalized time series generally compare well, the actual values of annual extremes of daily data differ systematically across the different datasets. This is partly related to different computational approaches when calculating the gridded fields of climate extremes. There is strong agreement between extreme temperatures in the different in situ–based datasets. Larger differences are found for temperature extremes from the reanalyses, particularly during the presatellite era, indicating that reanalyses are most c.
Mechanism of substorm current wedge formation: THEMIS observations

This paper presents THEMIS measurements of two substorm events to show how the substorm current wedge (SCW) is generated. In the late growth phase when an earthward flow burst in the near‐Earth magnetotail brakes and is diverted azimuthally, pressure gradients in the X‐ and Y‐directions are observed to increase in the pileup and diverting regions of the flow. The enhanced pressure gradient in the Y‐direction is dawnward (duskward) on the dawnside (duskside) where a clockwise (counter‐clockwise) vortex forms. This dawn‐dusk pressure gradient drives downward (upward) field‐aligned current (FAC) on the dawnside (duskside) of the flow, which, when combined with the FACs generated by the clockwise (counter‐clockwise) vortex, forms the SCW. Substorm auroral onset occurs when the vortices appear, Near‐Earth dipolarization onset is observed by the THEMIS spacecraft (probes) when a rapid jump in the Y‐component of pressure gradient is detected. The total FACs from the vortex and the azimuthal pressure gradient are found to be comparable to the DP‐1 current in a typical substorm.
A comparison of near-surface CODAR and VACM measurements in the Strait of Juan De Fuca, August 1978

Three days of simultaneous near-surface current measurements made by Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar (CODAR) and surface-moored Vector-Averaging Current Meters (VACM) in the Strait of Juan de Fuca are compared. The study focuses on the mean flow and tidal components that contained approximately 79% of the kinetic energy. The mean speed and direction differences were less than 7 cm/s and 10°, respectively. The K1 and M2 tidal constituents agreed to within 14 cm/s with a mean difference of 5.2 cm/s. This study demonstrates that CODAR yields estimates of the near-surface currents that are comparable with conventional VACM arrays to 10–15 cm/s.
Validating the Use of 137Cs Measurements to Derive the Slope Component of the Sediment Budget of a Small Rangeland Catchment in Southern Italy

The sediment budget is a key concept and tool for characterizing the mobilization, transfer and storage of fine sediment within a catchment. Caesium‐137 measurements can provide valuable information on gross and net erosion rates associated with sheet and rill erosion that can be used to establish the slope component of a catchment sediment budget. However, there is a need to validate the use of 137Cs measurements for this purpose, because their reliability has sometimes been questioned. The study reported focuses on a small (3·04 ha) steepland (mean slope 37%) catchment in Southern Italy. It exploits the availability of information on the medium‐term sediment output from the catchment provided by the construction of a reservoir at its outlet in 1978 and the existence of estimates of soil redistribution rates derived from 137Cs measurements made on 68 replicate soil cores collected from the slopes of a substantial proportion of the catchment in 2001, to validate the use of 137Cs measurements to construct the slope component of the catchment sediment budget. An additional 50 replicate soil cores were collected from the catchment slopes for 137Cs analysis, to complement the data already available. Nine cores collected from the area occupied by the reservoir were used to estimate the mean annual sediment input to the reservoir. In the absence of evidence that the poorly developed channel system in the catchment was either a significant sediment source or sink, it was possible to directly compare the estimate of net soil loss from the catchment slopes (7·33 Mg ha−1 y−1) with the estimate of sediment output from the catchment provided by the reservoir deposits (7·52 Mg ha−1 y−1). Taking account of the uncertainties involved, the close agreement of the two values is seen as providing a convincing validation of the use of 137Cs measurements to both estimate soil redistribution rates and as a basis for constructing the slope component of the sediment budget of a small catchment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism and the Cardiovascular Disease

Hormones and cardiovascular system are strongly associated and disorders of hormonal secretion may lead to increased cardiovascular risk [1, 2]. Thyroid hormones exert important actions on the cardiovascular system, as demonstrated by the adverse clinical effects that can occur in states of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Patients with hyperthyroidism have alterations in cardiovascular function, which is in part due to the hypermetabolism and the need to dissipate the excess of heat produced [3]. Thyroid disorders can impair the cardiovascular risk factors, such as those included in the definition of metabolic syndrome [4, 5]. Indeed, excess as well as lack of thyroid hormone have been linked to alteration in the cardiovascular hemodynamic [6], modifications of heart rhythm [7, 8] and arterial wall structure [9–11]. While the effects of thyroid hormone excess on the cardiovascular risk factors are clear for some of them, others are still debatable [12, 13]. Finally, a worst lipid profile has been demonstrated in hypothyroidism [14, 15], while a hyperthyroid state was associated with an accelerated lipid metabolism and increased frequency of hepatic injury [16, 17]. Overt thyroid disorders, defined as an alteration of thyrotropin (TSH) with increased free thyroxine (FT4) and/or free triiodothyronine (FT3) are clinically evident and an early diagnosis is usually made. Treatment is universally suggested by guidelines for a prompt relief of symptoms and to avoid long-term consequences. Subclinical disorders of thyroid gland, defined as TSH outside the reference range of values and FT3 and FT4 within the normal range, are more subtle diseases and the diagnosis is incidentally made during screening exams. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as low TSH and free hormones within the reference range, has gained attention in the last years for its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular with atrial fibrillation (AF). Aging is associated with a deterioration of classical cardiovascular risk factors [18] but, albeit subclinical hyperthyroidism is more prevalent in the elderly, the temporality ascertainment between thyroid dysfunction and onset of CVD is not always estimable. Further, there is lack of randomized prospective controlled studies conceived to assess the treatment of the disorder, which, in addition, is limited by a variety of side effects. Treatment of subclinical hyperthyroidism is similar to the therapy of overt hyperthyroidism [19, 20], but the indication for the treatment has not been standardized. Here, we have reviewed the effect of subclinical hyperthyroidism on CVD and mortality. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism and the Cardiovascular Disease
Edinburgh Research Explorer Drosophila circadian rhythms in semi-natural environments; the summer afternoon component is not an artifact and requires TrpA1 channels

Under standard laboratory conditions of rectangular light dark cycles and constant warm temperature, Drosophila melanogaster show bursts of morning (M) and evening (E) locomotor activity and a ‘ siesta ’ in the middle of the day. These M and E components have been critical for developing the neuronal dual oscillator model in which clock gene expression in key cells generates the circadian phenotype. However under natural European summer conditions of cycling temperature and light intensity an additional prominent afternoon (A) component that replaces the siesta is observed. This novel A component has been described as an ‘ artifact ’ of the TriKinetics locomotor monitoring system that is used by many circadian laboratories world-wide. Using video recordings we show that the A component is not an artifact, neither in the glass tubes used in TriKinetics monitors nor in open ﬁeld arenas. By studying various mutants in the visual and peripheral and internal thermo-sensitive pathways, we reveal that the M component is predominantly dependent on visual input whereas the A component requires the internal thermo-sensitive channel TrpA1. Knockdown of TrpA1 in different neuronal groups reveals that the reported expression of TrpA1 in clock neurons is unlikely to be involved in generating the summer locomotor proﬁle, suggesting that the internal AC TrpA1 neurons are responsible for the A component. Studies of circadian rhythms under semi-natural conditions therefore provide addi- tional insights into the molecular basis of circadian entrainment that would otherwise be lost under the usual standard laboratory protocols.
Natural variability of pelagic and benthic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during the late Holocene

La sequence sedimentaire de la carotte COR0503-CL05-37PC, prelevee dans le chenal Laurentien au centre du Golfe du Saint-Laurent (48°20'N - 61°29'W, a 408 m de profondeur), a fait l'objet de plusieurs analyses geochimiques et micropaleontologiques dans le but de reconstruire les variations de la productivite pelagique et des conditions du milieu benthique dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent pendant les derniers millenaires. Les analyses geochimiques (Corg et Corg/N) et isotopiques(δ13Corg et δ15N) montrent des variations importantes de flux de matiere organique, notamment une augmentation du taux de carbone organique, depuis environ 2300 ans cal. BP, que l'on estime etre liee a l'augmentation de l'apport en matiere organique d'origine marine. Les kystes des dinoflagelles permettent egalement de reconstruire une augmentation de la productivite biogenique dans les eaux de surface. Par ailleurs, plusieurs changements ont ete enregistres dans les assemblages de foraminiferes benthiques calcaires. Ces changements se manifestent essentiellement par l'augmentation de l'abondance relative, vers 2000 ans cal. BP, de Brizalina subaenariensis, Globobulimina auriculata et Bulimina exilis, des especes tolerant de faibles taux d'oxygene et des flux de carbone organique eleves. La variation de l'abondance de Nonionellina labradorica indique des changements dans l'apport des eaux du Courant du Labrador. En outre, les analyses isotopiques (δ18O) sur les tests de foraminiferes benthiques Bulimina marginata, montrent des variations de la temperature et/ou de l'origine des eaux profondes qui sont independantes de la variation de la productivite pelagique et de l'augmentation de l'apport en matiere organique. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : Golfe du Saint-Laurent, hypoxie, dinokystes, productivite, foraminiferes benthiques, geochimie, isotopes stables, Holocene.