Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post-exercise changes in myocellular lipid droplet characteristics of young lean individuals are affected by circulatory non-esterified fatty acids.

Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content is an energy source during acute exercise. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels can compete with IMCL utilization during exercise. IMCL content is stored as lipid droplets (LDs) that vary in size, number, subcellular distribution and in coating with LD protein PLIN5. Little is known about how these factors are affected during exercise and recovery. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of acute exercise with and without elevated NEFA levels on intramyocellular LD size and number, intracellular distribution and PLIN5 coating, using high-resolution confocal microscopy. In a cross-over study, 9 healthy lean young men performed a 2h moderate intensity cycling protocol in the fasted (high NEFA levels) and glucose-fed state (low NEFA levels). IMCL and LD parameters were measured at baseline, directly after exercise and 4h post-exercise. We found that total IMCL content was not changed directly after exercise (irrespectively of condition), but IMCL increased 4h post-exercise in the fasting condition, which was due to an increased number of LDs rather than changes in size. The effects were predominantly detected in type I muscle fibers and in LDs coated with PLIN5. Interestingly, subsarcolemmal, but not intermyofibrillar IMCL content, was decreased directly after exercise in the fasting condition and was replenished during the 4h recovery period. In conclusion, acute exercise affects IMCL storage during exercise and recovery, particularly in type I muscle fibers, in the subsarcolemmal region and in the presence of PLIN5. Moreover, the effects of exercise on IMCL content are affected by plasma NEFA levels.
Is There a Connection Between Spiritual Transcendence and Quality of Life? A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Patients Under the End-of-Life Care

Background: There is limited data available on the spiritual dimension of palliative care in Eastern Europe. In countries such as Poland, investigating spirituality and its essential aspects is further complicated because in a predominantly Catholic country, spirituality is mistakenly thought to be identical to religiousness. Aim: This study investigated the connection between spiritual transcendence, meaning in life, altruism, and the quality of life of cancer patients in end-of-life care in an Eastern Europe Country (Poland). Design: This cross-sectional study was based on 4 surveys. The Quality of Life Questionnaire MQOL-R, the Scale of Spiritual Transcendence, the Purpose in Life Questionnaire PIL-6, and the Altruism Scale were used. Setting/Participants: Data from 41 oncology patients receiving end-of-life care at home and in a stationary hospice was obtained. Results: Results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between transcendence, spiritual growth, and global quality of life. There is also a positive correlation between altruism and the meaning of life, as well as between the meaning of life, spirituality and quality of life, while altruism is positively associated exclusively with spirituality. Conclusion: This study revealed that spiritual transcendence can be understood, according to Piedmont's theory, as a personality trait that allows the patients to cross the boundaries of their existence and identify subjectively important values in their life. It can be examined and developed not only in the context of the need but also as a predisposition and a resource of personhood.
Efficacy and safety of a nanoparticle therapeutic vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A randomized clinical trial

HBV DNA can be reduced using antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the rate of HBeAg seroconversion remains low. A clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a de novo designed liposome‐based nanoparticle lipopeptide vaccine, εPA‐44, for CHB.
Factors That Influence Substance Use Among American Indian/Alaskan Native Youth: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review

Background: The American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) mortality rate from illicit drug use was 22.7%, double that of the general population between 2007 and 2009. Fifteen percent of AI/AN youth reported receiving treatment for substance use compared with 10% of non-AI/AN peers. Objective: The purpose was to explore the factors that influence substance use among AI/AN youth. Method: We performed a systematic review using a results-based convergent synthesis design. Eight electronic databases were searched for articles published between 2014 and 2019 using the search terms “Native American youth,” “Native American adolescent,” “Native Youth,” “substance use,” “substance misuse,” and “substance abuse. ” The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to appraise the studies. Results: Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria (44 quantitative, one qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies). The results were organized using the ecological systems model and included evaluation of both protective and risk factors related to AI/AN youth substance use. Three system levels were found to influence substance use: individual, micro- and macrosystems. The individual systems-level coping mechanisms played a key role in whether AI/AN youth initiated substance use. Family, school, and peer factors influence the microsystem level. At the macrosystem level, community environmental factors were influential. Conclusion: The major factor linking all the systems was the influence of a connected relationship with a prosocial adult who instilled future aspirations and a positive cultural identity. Findings of this systematic mixed studies review will assist in intervention development for AI/AN youth to prevent substance misuse.
The iterative lipid impact on inflammation in atherosclerosis

Purpose of review Lipid-mediated atherogenesis is hallmarked by a chronic inflammatory state. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are causally related to atherosclerosis. Within the paradigm of endothelial activation and subendothelial lipid deposition, these lipoproteins induce numerous pro-inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will outline the effects of lipoproteins on systemic inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis. Recent findings Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins exert a variety of pro-inflammatory effects, ranging from the local artery to systemic immune cell activation. LDL-C, TRLs, and Lp(a) induce endothelial dysfunction with concomitant activation of circulating monocytes through enhanced lipid accumulation. The process of trained immunity of the innate immune system, predominantly induced by LDL-C particles, hallmarks the propagation of the low-grade inflammatory response. In concert, bone marrow activation induces myeloid skewing, further contributing to immune cell mobilization and plaque progression. Summary Lipoproteins and inflammation are intertwined in atherogenesis. Elucidating the inflammatory pathways will provide new opportunities for therapeutic agents.
Effect of Exercise on Motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Network Meta-analysis

Background: Although the pharmacological approach may help with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), they are clearly not the complete solution. Thus, for the treatment of PD motor symptoms, physical activity has been proposed as an effective intervention. Methods: A systematic search in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials testing the effectiveness of exercise interventions on motor symptoms of PD. Physical exercise interventions were divided into 9 categories: endurance, resistance, combined, balance, dance, alternative exercises, body weight supported, sensorimotor interventions including endurance exercise, and sensorimotor interventions not including endurance exercise. A pairwise meta-analysis for direct and indirect comparisons between intervention and control/nonintervention groups was carried out. Results: Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 2740 participants, aged between 57.6 and 77.7 years. Results showed that sensorimotor training including endurance (effect size [ES]−1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.68 to −0.50), resistance (ES−0.82; 95% CI, −1.23 to −0.41), and dance (ES−0.64; 95% CI, −1.24 to −0.05) were the most effective physical activity interventions for mitigating PD motor symptoms. Conclusion: Physical activity interventions are an effective strategy for the management of motor symptoms in patients with PD. Among the different exercise intervention programs, those including more complex and demanding activities (sensorimotor training including endurance, resistance, and dance) seem to be the most effective physical activity interventions.
Continued play following adolescent sport-related concussion: Prospective data from the North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex)

Abstract Our study aims were to identify the frequency of continued play following sport-related concussion (SRC), defined as continuing athletic activity on the same day following a suspected SRC, characteristics associated with continued play, and whether continued play was associated with worse outcomes. A prospective study of participants ages 13–18 years diagnosed with SRC at a pediatric sports medicine clinic over a 4-year period was conducted. A comparison was performed between athletes who reported continued play following SRC (PLAY) and those who did not (NO PLAY). Of 441 participants, 231 (52.4%) were in the PLAY group. The PLAY group recalled less severe balance problems from the day of injury (p = 0.02), but reported greater symptoms of trouble falling asleep, concentrating, and remembering at their initial clinic visit (p < 0.05). There was no difference in recovery time between groups. Greater symptom severity score at the initial clinic visit and longer time to presentation were associated with prolonged recovery in both groups (p < 0.01). In conclusion, more than half of the athletes in this sample continued to play on the same day following SRC. Our results indicate the need for a heightened focus on education and additional efforts to reduce continued play following SRC in adolescents.
Risk factors of delayed recovery from general anesthesia in patients undergoing radical biliary surgery

Abstract Delayed recovery (DR) is very commonly seen in the patients undergoing laparoscopic radical biliary surgery, we aimed to investigate the potential risk factors of DR in the patients undergoing radical biliary surgery, to provide evidences into the management of DR. Patients who underwent radical biliary surgery from January 1, 2018 to August 31, 2020 were identified. The clinical characteristics and treatment details of DR and no-DR patients were compared and analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the potential influencing factors for DR in patients with laparoscopic radical biliary surgery. We included a total of 168 patients with laparoscopic radical biliary surgery, the incidence of postoperative DR was 25%. There were significant differences on the duration of surgery, duration of anesthesia, and use of intraoperative combined sevoflurane inhalation (all P < .05), and there were not significant differences on American Society of Anesthesiologists, New York Heart Association, tumor-lymph node- metastasis, and estimated blood loss between DR group and control group (all P > .05). Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that age ≥70 years (odd ratio [OR] 1.454, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.146–1.904), body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (OR 1.303, 95% CI 1.102–1.912), alcohol drinking (OR 2.041, 95% CI 1.336–3.085), smoking (OR 1.128, 95% CI 1.007–2.261), duration of surgery ≥220 minutes (OR 1.239, 95% CI 1.039–1.735), duration of anesthesia ≥230 minutes (OR 1.223, 95% CI 1.013–1.926), intraoperative combined sevoflurane inhalation (OR 1.207, 95% CI 1.008–1.764) were the independent risk factors for DR in patients with radical biliary surgery (all P < .05). It is clinically necessary to take early countermeasures against various risk factors to reduce the occurrence of DR, and to improve the prognosis of patients.
A DNA barcode reference library of Portuguese mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are important biological vectors of pathogens and species identification in all life stages is the first step for effective monitoring and control of mosquito‐borne diseases. Molecular methods for species identification have been developed over the last years to overcome the limitations of the taxonomic identification based on morphology. DNA barcoding, using a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, can be used for species identification but a reliable and comprehensive reference database of verified sequences is required. In this study, we aimed to generate a DNA barcode reference library for the identification of mosquito species from Portuguese mosquito fauna, including most relevant vector species. Mosquitoes captured under the National Vector Surveillance Program (REVIVE) were processed for DNA extraction, COI gene fragment amplification and sequencing. Nighty‐eight barcode sequences were obtained, representing 26 species and 6 genera. Sequences were submitted to GenBank and BOLD and were used for validation of phenetic classification. Barcode Index Number (BIN) assignment and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) were used and clustered COI sequences into twenty‐five molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). This is the first comprehensive study that combines morphological and molecular identification of most mosquito species present in Portugal aiming to offer a reliable framework for mosquito species identification.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Adolescents: Using a Model-Based Approach to Identify Patterns of Alcohol Misuse

Abstract Objective To explore the latent structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) among adolescents of different school grades (age strata). Methods: Data derived from two simultaneous run cohort studies from the “Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study-ELANA” conducted in private and public schools of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. Participants comprised 564 seventh-graders and 419 ninth-graders, respectively sampled in 2011 and 2013 from cohort 1, and 730 eleventh-graders sampled in 2011 from cohort 2. Latent class factor analytical (LCFA) models were applied to the AUDIT items to identify internally homogeneous latent groups of individuals representing distinct patterns of alcohol use, and optimal group-separating cutoffs. The classification agreement was also evaluated. Results: Three and two groups (classes) were found for the eleventh and the earlier grades, respectively. These best-fitting models held a very high degree of class separation (entropy >0.9). By contrasting the AUDIT’s raw scores (0–10) with the model-based latent classes, the cutoff separating the base (milder) category was found between scores 0 and 1 in all grades. The eleventh-graders differed from the others by showing a third and more intense category of alcohol use (cutoff between 4 and 5). The classification agreement was almost perfect in eleventh-graders (98.6%) and perfect in the earlier grades (100%). Conclusions: Findings show that the AUDIT may be adequately used in adolescents of different ages and school grades, although the number of homogeneous categories may differ accordingly. Besides, raw scores may be pragmatically used to identify groups with confidence by applying specific optimal cutoffs.
The combined action of Esrrb and Nr5a2 is essential for murine naïve pluripotency

ABSTRACT The maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is governed by the action of an interconnected network of transcription factors. Among them, only Oct4 and Sox2 have been shown to be strictly required for the self-renewal of ESCs and pluripotency, particularly in culture conditions in which differentiation cues are chemically inhibited. Here, we report that the conjunct activity of two orphan nuclear receptors, Esrrb and Nr5a2, parallels the importance of that of Oct4 and Sox2 in naïve mouse ESCs. By occupying a large common set of regulatory elements, these two factors control the binding of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog to DNA. Consequently, in their absence the pluripotency network collapses and the transcriptome is substantially deregulated, leading to the differentiation of ESCs. Altogether, this work identifies orphan nuclear receptors, previously thought to be performing supportive functions, as a set of core regulators of naïve pluripotency.
Visible light-induced selective aerobic oxidative transposition of vinyl halides using a tetrahalogenoferrate(III) complex catalyst

We report tetrahalogenoferrate(III) complexes as a new kind of iron photocatalyst. These complexes are easily prepared from FeCl3 with lithium bromide or ammonium bromides, and have a good and tunable photo-sensitivity in the visible light region. Their distinct catalytic mode with FeCl3 enables a highly chemoselective photooxygenation of benzylic sp3 C–H, providing a series of carbonyls in moderate to excellent yields. The method has also been employed in the challenging aerobic oxidative transposition of vinyl halides, thus facilitating a mild and highly efficient approach to access significant α-halo ketones with a broad substrate scope. The disclosure of tetrahalogenoferrate(III) complex photocatalysts should provide inspiration for their expansion to new aerobic oxidative reactions and even anaerobic variations.
Error traps in pediatric regional anesthesia

Ultrasound‐guided nerve blocks have revolutionized the way we provide regional anesthesia. By providing effective perioperative pain control, regional anesthesia reduces opioid consumption, decreases length of stay, and increases patient/parental satisfaction. However, error traps (circumstances that lead to erroneous actions) can defeat its inherent benefits and may result in adverse outcomes. This article focuses on promoting a culture of safety by highlighting five common avoidable error traps encountered while providing regional anesthesia for pediatric patients. They include failure to confirm intended block site, failure to optimize ultrasound images and identify artifacts, failure to recognize when regional anesthesia is an acceptable option, failure to implement alternative imaging techniques when anatomy is challenging, and failure to recognize disease states with abnormal anatomy that may require alternative blocks. These issues are easily addressed if the pediatric regionalist is cognizant of the appropriate ways to mitigate them, and, as such, we review strategies to avoid them.
Determination of the Sun's charge by the parameters of heavy ions in the solar wind

As an asymptotic paradox, the presence of a constant uncompensated positive charge of the Sun is investigated. According to the type of ions experimentally detected in the solar wind, the total charge of the Sun is calculated. The formulated model makes it possible to explain the anomalous heating of the solar corona by a constant electric field and the presence in the solar wind of several times ionized heavy ions. Within the framework of this model, the energies of the solar wind particles in the Earth’s region are calculated. The calculated parameters of the Sun and the solar wind are compared with the values known from experiments and the proposed mathematical model is thereby verified.
Effects of Freezing and Frozen Storage on Protein Functionality and Texture of Some Cephalopod Muscles

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of freezing and frozen storage on protein functionality and texture of squid (Loligo vulgaris), octopus (Octopus vulgaris), and cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) muscles. Squid, octopus, and cuttlefish samples were cut into pieces of 4 × 4 cm. These pieces were packed in polyethylene bags. The bags were frozen in a blast freezer at −45°C until the thermal center reached −18°C. Frozen samples were stored in a deep freezer at −18°C for 30 days. After freezing and during frozen storage, total soluble protein and water holding capacity decreased and total free amino acid and cooking loss increased in all cephalopod muscles. According to instrumental texture analysis results, freezing and frozen storage affected textural characteristics of squid and cuttlefish but not of octopus. Sensory hardness and chewiness values of all cephalopods increased after freezing, but elasticity values did not change. There were no significant differences between storage days in hardness values of squid and octopus. However, significant differences in hardness values of cuttlefish were observed between the 1st day of storage and the last day.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A rapid and simple spectrophotometric procedure for the estimation of promethazine HCl in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms is reported with the aid of the oxidation of the drug. The promethazine HCl is oxidized with chromium trioxide in acidic medium, which leads to form a product, existing maximum absorption at 515 nm. Many parameters of the reaction conditions have been studied and optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the proposed method. After plotting the calibration graph, it was found that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 5.0 – 100.0 μg/mL, with 3.0 μg/mL and 5.2×103 l/mol. cm. of detection limit and molar absorptivity, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were tested and obtained values were acceptable. The influence of common interferences on the proposed method was studied and the method was applied for the estimation of promethazine HCl in different pharmaceutical formulations available in market with good recoveries.
Thermodynamic assessment of heat recovery from a fluidized-bed ventilation air methane abatement unit

Methane, a greenhouse gas, is the second largest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide and is 25 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide. In 2015, fugitive emissions of methane from Australian underground coal mines were reported at 25 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. Ventilation air methane (VAM) is present in low concentrations (below 1.0 vol %), and its abatement and use as an energy source are a challenge for the coal mining industry. This paper examines the recovery of heat from a fluidized-bed VAM abatement unit and utilization in power generation via the Brayton cycle. The objective of the study was to determine the minimum methane concentration required to maintain autothermal operations and produce sufficient power to operate a fluidized-bed plant without supplementary power or fuel. Four configurations were studied and simulated using Aspen Plus software. For direct heat recovery, the minimum methane concentration increased with an inc.