Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Statistical Approach to the Question: Is CPUE an Index of Abundance?

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is often assumed to be an index of stock abundance. Here we present an experiment and a general model for testing this assumption. We used the submersible Pisces IV to make visual estimates of reef-fish density in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. These density estimates were compared with CPUE estimates obtained by research angling at the same sites. Our model allows for no relationship between CPUE and density, strict proportionality, and departures from proportionality at either low or high densities or both. We performed the analysis using an ordinary least squares (OLS) model and an errors-in-variables (EV) model that includes error in both CPUE and density. For the dominant species (quillback rockfish, Sebastes maliger), the relationship was one of strict proportionality. However, CPUE was a poor abundance index when data were combined across species. In these cases the OLS and EV models generally resulted in different conclusions; the EV model explained a low CPU.
Interactions between a Large Herbivore and a Road Network

Abstract: We assessed habitat selection of moose in a study area containing 2 highways and a network of forest roads in Quebec, Canada. We tested the hypothesis that roadways would affect moose habitat selection and that moose behaviour would vary with time, proximity to roads, type of roadway, and environmental characteristics (i.e., habitat and topography). We equipped 47 moose with GPS telemetry collars and assessed habitat selection using resource selection functions. Moose searched primarily for areas with high forage availability, but they also avoided highways and forest roads, although avoidance usually disappeared beyond 100–250 m. Avoidance was not directly proportional to noise disturbance; moose systematically avoided the first 100 m adjacent to forest roads, while habitats adjacent to highway sides were sometimes used in proportion to their availability. The benefits of using habitats adjacent to highways may be greater than the costs to moose, which was not always the case for forest roads. The road-avoidance zone varied seasonally but was generally wider for males than females, suggesting that males were more sensitive to road disturbance. We believe that moose frequent highways and associated roadsides to find food and mineral salts, and possibly to reduce predation risk for females. Topography was also an important correlate of habitat selection by moose, especially for females, which had significant selection coefficients for altitude and slope in almost every season. Proper assessment of human impacts on ungulates in natural environments requires consideration of unpaved forest roads. In a study area with a small human footprint and low road density (0.16 km·km-2), moose selection patterns suggested they minimized potential risks associated with highways at the coarse scale while seeking short-term benefits of highway roadsides, i.e., sodium in vegetation and pools, at the finer spatial scale.
Femininity as Perceived Threat to Military Effectiveness: How Military Service Members Reinforce Hegemonic Masculinity in Talk

This study examined the discursive practices of military service members that work to reinforce hegemonic masculinity and heteronormativity in talk. Additionally, this study investigated how women and nonheterosexual men, discursively contest their ascribed subordinate status within the military. Interviews were conducted with 29 military service members and veterans. Findings revealed that hegemonic masculinity and heteronormativity were reinforced through discursive positioning, whereby military service members positioned the feminine other as a threat to military effectiveness. Those who were cast as feminine others, then, worked within and against this dominant discourse to assert themselves as effective members of the military organization.
Memory for locations of stored food in willow tits and marsh tits

Some food-storing animals use spatial memory in food retrieval. There is variation amongst food-storing species in the duration over which food is stored and it is positively correlated with differences in the size of the part of the brain that is involved with memory for storage locations, the hippocampus. For example, British marsh tits (Parus palustris) are generally thought to retrieve their stores after a few hours or days whereas Scandinavian willow tits (P. montanus) have been shown to store their food for several weeks to months. Marsh tits also have a smaller hippocampus than do willow tits. This experiment tested the hypothesis that retrieval success (and thus memory capacity) of the two species differs depending on the usual length of time for which food is stored. Individuals of both species were tested on their ability to retrieve five stored food items after two differing delays: 2-3 h ('short') and 17 days ('long'). The prediction was that there would be no differences in retrieval performance between the species after the short delay but that willow tits would be more accurate at retrieving their stores than marsh tits after the long delay. The results did not provide support for this hypothesis as there were no differences between the species in retrieval performance following either delay: both species successfully retrieved food after both delays.
Americana or Latina? Gender and identity acquisition among Hispanics in the United States

Existing literature demonstrates that Hispanic men and women incorporate into the USA differently. Research also finds that Latinas participate politically in greater numbers than Latino men on a range of indicators, including voting, naturalization, and citizenship acquisition. Using data from the 2006 Latino National Survey, I extend this line of scholarship to study gendered differences in Latino self-perception. My results demonstrate that despite higher levels of participation in the USA, Latinas are less likely to identify as American than Latino men. Moreover, while these ideas are not mutually exclusive, Latino men express a greater desire to blend into the USA, while Latinas are more likely to want to maintain a distinct Hispanic culture. However, consistent with intersectionality theory, which emphasizes the interaction between race/ethnicity, gender, and class, these differences disappear once a certain socioeconomic status is reached. I also demonstrate a stronger relationship between an American identity and political participation for Latino men than for Latinas. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of including gender as both a dependent and an independent variable in future studies of identity.
Adult attachment styles and their relationship to burnout: a preliminary, cross-cultural investigation

While many studies have addressed the relationship between adult attachment styles and stress, so far no studies have addressed the relationship between attachment styles and burnout, which is thought often to characterize highly motivated individuals. Based on a psychodynamic existential perspective it was predicted that adult attachment styles would correlate with burnout: that there would be a negative correlation between secure attachment style and burnout and a positive correlation between insecure attachment styles (avoidant or anxious/ambivalent) and burnout. A pilot study was conducted in a sample of Israeli MBA students (N=41), nearly all of whom were in full-time employment. A further four studies were then conducted on Hungarian social studies students (N=751), Israeli dialysis nurses (N=216) and national samples of Israeli Jews (N=511) and Arabs (N=505). These studies supported this hypothesis. Finally, a follow-up study involving Israeli students (N=160), who described the importance of various work features and their strategies for coping with burnout-causing situations, helps to explain the findings. These results have a theoretical and a practical implication: burnout research and intervention should include greater emphasis on personal factors in addition to contextual factors.
Minimum-Tillage Forage Turnip and Rape Production on Hill Land as Influenced by Sod Suppression and Fertilizer1

Insufficient herbage during the fall in the temperate areas of the world has long been a serious limitation in animal production. The purpose of this research was to determine the feasibility of producing Brassica spp. forage crops for fall grazing of sheep on hill land. The experiment was conducted near Waynesburg, Pa. , in a 4-ha hill pasture, predominantly Dormont silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Ultic Hapludalf) on the sideslopes and Culleoka loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Ultic Hapludalf) on the ridge. A split-plot block arrangement was used with blocks of ‘Sirius’ turnip, (Brassica rapa L.) ‘Fora’ rape, (B. napus L.), and ‘Perko P.V. H. ’ winter rape (B. rapa L.) randomized in each of six blocks. Competition from the existing species was suppressed with paraquat (l,l′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) or glyphosphate [isopropylamine salt of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 1.1 kg a.i. ha⁻¹. Nitrogen and P fertilizer treatments were assigned to subplots in a randomized complete block design. Fertilizer was applied before seeding in 1978 and 1979 to provide 0, 33, 66, 99, or 132 kg N ha⁻¹ and 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60 kg P ha⁻¹ in a 5² factorial arrangement. The crops were minimumtillage (min-till) planted on 10 Aug. 1978 and 25 July 1979. Dry matter (DM) yields were determined 60 and 90 days after planting. Select samples were taken to determine crude protein, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), and mineral element composition. Mean crop yields were similar for the two herbicide treatments in 1978 but were⁻35 to 75% higher on glyphosate-treated plots than on paraquat-treated plots in 1979. Grass yield in the Brassica plots in 1979 were twice as high in the paraquat-treated plots as in the glyphosate-treated plots. At the higher rates of applied N and P, DM yield exceeded 7000 kg ha⁻¹ in 1978 and 9000 kg ha⁻¹ in 1979. Crop yield responses were quadratic functions for N fertilizer rates and linear functions for P fertilizer rates for both harvests in 1978. In 1979, yield responses were linear functions for N fertilizer rates for both harvests and for P fertilizer rates for the 60-day harvest; and were quadratic for P rates for the 90-day harvest. Yield of turnip and rape was affected more by P fertilizer before the 60-day harvest than afterwards. Crude protein concentration ranged from 60 to 250 g kg⁻¹. Nitrogen and P fertilizers differentially affected the crude protein concentration of forage turnip and rapes. Mean IVDMD was 950 and 900 g kg⁻¹ for turnip tops and roots, respectively, 910 g kg⁻¹ for Fora rape, and 930 g kg⁻¹ for Perko rape. Yield of digestible DM of turnip was up to 67% higher than that of stockpiled orchardgrass. The Brassica spp. had different DM mineral element compositions, and concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn generally were higher in Brassica spp. than in orchardgrass checks.
Embryonic and larval expression of zebrafish voltage‐gated sodium channel α‐subunit genes

Whereas it is known that voltage‐gated calcium channels play important roles during development, potential embryonic roles of voltage‐gated sodium channels have received much less attention. Voltage‐gated sodium channels consist of pore‐forming α‐subunits (Nav1) and auxiliary β‐subunits. Here, we report the embryonic and larval expression patterns for all eight members of the gene family (scna) coding for zebrafish Nav1 proteins. We find that each scna gene displays a distinct expression pattern that is temporally and spatially dynamic during embryonic and larval stages. Overall, our findings indicate that scna gene expression occurs sufficiently early during embryogenesis to play developmental roles for both muscle and nervous tissues. Developmental Dynamics 235:1962–1973, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antifungal activity of several medicinal plants extracts against the early blight pathogen (Alternaria solani)

The antifungal activity for several medicinal plants against the early blight fungus (Alternaria solani) has been investigated. These plants were Syrian marjoram (Majorana syriaca), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparissus). The inhibitory effect of these extracts on the radial mycelial growth as well as on spore germination was measured in vitro at various concentrations of crude extract (0.5 g dry plant powder/ml medium). Extracts of M. syriaca and H. sabdariffa were most effective causing total inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination at 8–10% concentration. Extract of R. officinalis also caused total inhibition of the above two parameters but at double the concentration (20%). Extracts of S. fructicosa and S. chamaecyparissus produced relatively moderate antifungal activity. At 25% concentration, these extracts showed an incomplete inhibition in mycelial growth being around 75–85% and 70–90%, respectively. However, at this same concentration both plant extracts produced total inhibition of spore germination. Results of this study indicated that both extracts of M. syriaca and H. sabdariffa were strong inhibitors of this fungus and to levels comparable to standard fungicides. Further studies are required to determine the effect of these extracts in vivo to evaluate their potential as natural treatments for this disease.
Thermal requirement for development of Carpophilus marginellus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a potential pollinator of cherimoya and atemoya trees (Magnoliales: Annonaceae)

Carpophilus marginellus is a candidate pollinator of the subtropical orchard trees cherimoya and atemoya. We investigated the developmental period and adult size of this species at constant temperatures of 18, 20, 25, and 30°C as basic information for mass rearing and release in greenhouses as a pollinator. The photoperiod was 16-h light/8-h dark at all temperatures. The developmental period was shorter and the adult size was smaller at higher temperatures. Mortality was lowest at 25°C and highest at 30°C. The thermal threshold (developmental zero) ranged from 11.9 (female larvae) to 15.6°C (female pupae) among developmental stages and sexes. The thermal constant (total effective temperature) of the period from egg to adult emergence was ca. 292 degree-days.
Habitat and Reproduction of Dirca mexicana (Thymelaeaceae)

Abstract Little is known about the single reported population of Dirca mexicana. I monitored air temperature from mid-2005 through mid-2007, analyzed pH of soil, used the global positioning system (GPS) to define geographical boundaries of the population, explored for additional populations, and studied aspects of sexual and asexual reproduction in situ and among seedlings in greenhouses. Temperature ranged from −2 to 35.5°C, and weekly means were 7.4 to 18.1°C. Soil pH was 6.3. No other populations were found at sites nearby with similar slopes and aspects, but a second distinct cluster of plants was found 221 m from the portion of the known population described previously. Numerous individuals of Catasticta nimbice nimbice, a butterfly in the family Pieridae, visited flowers in mid-March, 2007. Drupes were observed in May four of five years, and drupe count per plant was 3 to 131 among individuals with basal trunk diameters of 10 to 46 mm in 2007. Genetic analysis of 45 individuals revealed no putative clones. Drupes of D. mexicana were longer and wider than those of the other two species in the genus, while size of seeds was intermediate. Seedlings isolated from pollinators in a greenhouse flowered for the first time and formed viable seeds during their fourth spring of development, demonstrating the capacity of D. mexicana to self-pollinate or to form seeds via apomixis. These observations improve our understanding of the habitat and reproductive biology of this endemic species.
Abdominal pigmentation and growth temperature in Drosophila melanogaster: Similarities and differences in the norms of reaction of successive segments

In Drosophila melanogaster females, pigmentation of the abdominal tergites exhibits a large phenotypic variability which depends on growth temperature. The phenotypic plasticity of this trait was investigated in a European population, using isofemale lines, by rearing the larvae and pupae at 6 different temperatures ranging from 14 to 31° C. For the last three abdominal segments (5, 6 and 7), the dark pigmented area decreases when growth temperature increases. However, the shapes of the response curves are significantly different, as shown by analysing slope variations, suggesting that genes interact differently in regulating the phenotypic expression of successive segments.
Job insecurity in temporary versus permanent workers: Associations with attitudes, well-being, and behaviour

Abstract Recent research suggests that the relationship between job insecurity and psychological outcomes is more negative among permanent compared with temporary workers. We investigate possible interaction effects between job insecurity and type of contract (temporary versus permanent) for various psychological outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and self-rated performance), some of which have received little attention. We aim to explain these interaction effects, while taking into account the heterogeneous nature of temporary workers in terms of tenure, employment prospects, and wish to do temporary employment. We argue that permanent workers expect higher levels of job security; job insecurity breaches permanent workers’ but not temporary workers’ expectations. This may relate to unfavourable outcomes. Similarly, the heterogeneous nature of temporary workers may relate to job security expectations and thus to reactions to job insecurity. This study was conducted on a sample of 477 temporary and permanent workers from various occupational sectors in Belgium. The results suggested that the interaction effect between job insecurity and contract type may be limited to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Furthermore, permanent workers had higher expectations about job security. Breach of these expectations furthermore mediated the relationship between job insecurity and all outcomes, except for self-rated performance. However, the heterogeneity indicators were found to be unrelated to job security expectations.
Spatial distribution of peracarids in the intertidal zone of the Ria Formosa (Portugal)

The aim of the present study was to contribute to the knowledge of the poorly studied peracaridan community in the Ria Formosa system. The Ria Formosa is the most important wet region at the southern coast of Portugal. Benthic macrofauna samples and some environmental parameters were collected fortnightly at three sampling sites, from November 1990 to December 1991, in the intertidal zone. At each site, samples were taken during low tide, at five equidistant levels between high and low water. Results of numerical analysis indicated that distinct peracaridan groupings were associated with different sites and levels. Cluster and ordination analysis of the three sites indicated similarities among the highest level samples. The lowest level samples revealed greater dissimilarity. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial distribution of the most abundant peracaridan species indicated the existence of biological relationships between these and their relationship to environmental factors. Thus, Cyathura carinata dominated the upper areas with the more stable food sources, related to finer sediments, all year around. During spring and summer the tanaid Apseudes latreillii was the dominant species, reaching high densities in the lower areas. O principal objectivo da presente investigacao foi contribuir para o conhecimento da comunidade de peracarideos no sistema lagunar da Ria Formosa. A Ria Formosa e a zona humida mais importante no Sul de Portugal. Neste sistema foi estabelecida uma estrategia de amostragem quinzenal em tres locais distintos da zona entre mares, de Novembro de 1990 a 1991. Em cada local, as amostras de bentos e de alguns parâmetros ambientais foram recolhidas durante a baixa-mar, em cinco niveis equidistantes entre si. O resultado das analises numericas efectuadas indicou que diferentes grupos de peracarideos se encontram associados em diferentes locais e niveis de amostragem. Os resultados da aplicacao de tecnicas de analise multivariada revelaram semelhancas entre os niveis A e alguma diferenciacao entre os niveis E dos tres locais. A distribuicao espacio temporal dos peracarideos mais abundantes indicou a existencia de relacoes biologicas entre as especies e com alguns factores ambientais. Assim, o isopode Cyathura carinata dominou as zonas proximas do supralitoral, o que parece relacionado com os sedimentos mais finos e a disponibilidade de alimento. Durante a primavera e o verao o tanaidaceo Apseudes latreillii foi a especie dominante, atingindo os valores mais elevados de densidade no limite superior do infralitoral.
Transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus by the dark form of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) originating in tomato fields in Paraguay

The efficiency of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) transmission by the dark form of Frankliniella schultzei was studied in Paraguay using the petunia leaf disk assay. Twenty percent of F. schultzei females collected in a field with TSWV-infected tomato plants were found to be transmitters of the virus. When larvae, up to 8 h old, were given a virus acquisition access period of 24 h, many adults, 88.9% and 72.2% of all males and females, respectively, transmitted the virus. These results indicate that the dark form of F. schultzei originating in Paraguayan tomato fields can transmit TSWV efficiently and is an important vector of the virus.
Fitness and Patch Selection by White-Footed Mice

The fitness of white-footed mice living in nest boxes was monitored in patches of forest, edge, and fence-row habitat to test theories of habitat selection. Reproductive success was significantly greater in the forest than in the other two habitats, a result that supports theories based on exclusive access to resources. The frequency distributions of litter production and recruitment success within habitats were not significantly different from random expectation. All litters produced in a particular habitat had equal chances of success, regardless of which box they were born in. Small-scale patches within habitats appear not to differ in the fitness achieved by individual colonists. The pattern of habitat use was inconsistent with the selection of individual breeding sites that maximize reproductive success. Site selection appears to be modified by processes acting at larger spatial scales. This interpretation is in agreement with census data that demonstrate the role of spatial scale as a predictor of density in these and other small mammals.
Agonists of proteinase‐activated receptor 2 induce TNF‐αsecretion from astrocytoma cells

Proteinase‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is cleaved and activated by trypsin or mast cell tryptase, and may play an important role in inflammation. We have investigated the potential of PAR2 agonists to modulate TNF‐α secretion from human astrocytoma cell line CCF‐STTG1. We found that CCF‐STTG1 expresses PAR2 by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Agonists such as trypsin, the peptide SLIGKV‐NH2 (corresponding to the PAR2 tethered ligand), or mast cell tryptase directly signal to CCF‐STTG1 to stimulate secretion of TNF‐α but do not stimulate in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) or VKGILS‐NH2 (reverse peptide). The secretion of TNF‐α by trypsin was significantly blocked by pretreatment with either 50 μM PD98059 or 1 μM SB203580. Furthermore, trypsin stimulated the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase homologue in CCF‐STTG1 without any detectable activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). These results show that trypsin may induce TNF‐α secretion following activation of ERK and p38 via PAR2 in CCF‐STTG1. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.