Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Phylogeny, DNA Barcoding, and ITS2 Secondary Structure Predictions in the Medicinally Important Eryngium Genotypes of East Coast Region of India

Commercial interest in the culinary herb, Eryngium foetidum L. , has increased worldwide due to its typical pungency, similar to coriander or cilantro, with immense pharmaceutical components. The molecular delimitation and taxonomic classification of this lesser-known medicinal plant are restricted to conventional phenotyping and DNA-based marker evaluation, which hinders accurate identification, genetic conservation, and safe utilization. This study focused on species discrimination using DNA sequencing with chloroplast–plastid genes (matK, Kim matK, and rbcL) and the nuclear ITS2 gene in two Eryngium genotypes collected from the east coast region of India. The results revealed that matK discriminated between two genotypes, however, Kim matK, rbcL, and ITS2 identified these genotypes as E. foetidum. The ribosomal nuclear ITS2 region exhibited significant inter- and intra-specific divergence, depicted in the DNA barcodes and the secondary structures derived based on the minimum free energy. Although the efficiency of matK genes is better in species discrimination, ITS2 demonstrated polyphyletic phylogeny, and could be used as a reliable marker for genetic divergence studies understanding the mechanisms of RNA molecules. The results of this study provide insights into the scientific basis of species identification, genetic conservation, and safe utilization of this important medicinal plant species.
SMA 12CO(J = 6 − 5) AND 435 μm INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING OF THE NUCLEAR REGION OF Arp 220

We have used the Submillimeter Array (SMA) to make the first interferometric observations (beam size ∼1″ or ∼400 pc) of the 12CO J = 6 − 5 line and 435 μm (690 GHz) continuum emission toward the central region (half power field of view 17″) of the nearby ultra-luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) Arp 220. These observations resolve the eastern and western nuclei from each other, in both the molecular line and dust continuum emission. At 435 μm, the peak intensity of the western nucleus is stronger than the eastern nucleus, and the difference in peak intensities is less than at longer wavelengths. Fitting a simple model to the dust emission observed between 1.3 mm and 435 μm suggests that dust emissivity power law index in the western nucleus is near unity and steeper in the eastern nucleus, about 2, and that the dust emission is optically thick at the shorter wavelength. Comparison with single dish measurements indicate that the interferometer observations are missing ∼60% of the dust emission, most likely from a spatially extended component to which these observations are not sensitive. The 12CO J = 6 − 5 line observations clearly resolve kinematically the two nuclei. The distribution and kinematics of the 12CO J = 6 − 5 line appear to be very similar to lower J CO lies observed at similar resolution. Analysis of multiple 12CO line intensities indicates that the molecular gas in both nuclei have similar excitation conditions, although the western nucleus is warmer and denser. The excitation conditions are similar to those found in other extreme environments, including the nearby starburst galaxy M82, the active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosting ULIRG Mrk 231, and the high-z QSO BR 1202–0725. Simultaneous lower resolution observations of the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2 − 1 lines show that the 13CO and C18O lines have similar intensities, which suggests that both of these lines are optically thick, or possibly that extreme high mass star formation has produced in an overabundance of C18O.
Screening of cultivars against cassava brown streak disease and molecular identification of the phytopathogenic infection-associated viruses

Abstract Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has been reported as a serious and significant constraint on the cassava crop in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), especially in its eastern part, South Kivu, where cassava has exceedingly high socio-economic value in small-holder farming systems. The recent rapid spread and damage of CBSD are alarming. Compared to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) which causes yield losses of up to 70% in very susceptible cassava cultivars, CBSD destroys whole the field causing 100% crop loss, including immediate and direct losses of tuberous roots, planting material, and quality of leaves. The study gathered information on the circulation of viral species present in the region, and screening of cassava cultivars against CBSD. Here we evaluated the disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS), whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci parameters including number of nymphs and adults. Thereat, the work consisted of quantifying the pressure of the disease to find performing cassava cultivars, which may still be recommendable for farmers. Thirty-one improved and local Congolese cassava cultivars were selected. Disease assessment focused more specifically on morphological, epidemiologic studies, and advanced molecular diagnostic techniques for virus detection. The mean extreme values of disease incidence and severity ranged respectively from 0.0 to 59.44%, and 1 to 2.86, root infection up to 100%, whiteflies up to 2 adults, and 68 nymphs per plant. Accordingly, the viral species identified in circulation are Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) (picornalike (+) ssRNA viruses, Ipomovirus, Potyviridae). Varieties like Cibongoyoka, Dorothea, Kamegere, Korengo, Liyayi, M’Bailo, Nabana, Rav, and Siri showed no symptoms of necrosis on the roots. Some cultivars are even less susceptible or not to the disease and may be recommended in this time of the lack of planting material for farmers.
Role of the predaceous mosquito Toxorhynchites christophi (Diptera: Culicidae) in treehole ecosystems in a Korean forest

ABSTRACT: Toxorhynchites mosquitoes have been studied as potential biological mosquito control agents because they consume other mosquito larvae. As a top predator, Toxorhynchites species are also considered keystone predators in phytotelmata. However, limited information is available regarding Toxorhynchites christophi, which is found in northeast Asia. The present study investigated whether Tx. christophi could reduce mosquito populations and increase species diversity by functioning as a mosquito control agent and keystone predator, respectively. During the study, aquatic insects were collected every three weeks (May–October, 2018) from tire habitats, which resemble treehole ecosystems, at the Korean National Arboretum in the central region of the Korean Peninsula. The samples were separated into the surface- and the substrate-groups based on their behavior, and the communities were compared based on the density of Tx. christophi. As a result, the communities with a higher density of the predators showed a higher diversity and evenness, and the communities also had a lower mosquito ratio, dominance, and density of the surface-group. The results of both non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and one-way analysis of similarities also indicated that the communities were affected by the density of Tx. christophi larvae. Similarity percentage analysis results revealed the effects of this predator on the communities could mainly be attributed to reductions in the densities of the three dominant mosquito species (Aedes koreicus, Ae. flavopictus, and Tripteroides bambusa). Thus, Tx. christophi may be valuable as both a biological mosquito control agent and keystone species of treehole ecosystems by reducing dominant mosquito species and improving species diversity.
Factors affecting fatal PTW at-fault crash outcome metrics at intersections and non-intersections in South Korea

Abstract Fatal crashes involving Powered Two-Wheelers (PTWs) are a major health concern in South Korea due to the increase in their usage in the logistics industry. Owing to the way, they are operated on the roadways, most riders end up in fatal crashes. Interestingly, little research exists regarding the impact of risk factors on fatal crashes involving at-fault PTW riders. This study employs a copula-based regression technique to simultaneously model the relationship between crash-risk factors and crash outcome metrics of fatal PTW rider-at-fault crashes, namely the number of crash casualties (casualty size) and the number of vehicles involved in a crash (crash size) at intersections and non-intersection segments. The proposed method was superior compared to the SEM-based bivariate regression approach, and the estimation results showed that there exists a positive relationship between both outcome variables. From the analysis, it was identified that while "other violations" comprising speeding and wrongful overtaking had varying effects on crash size outcomes at the intersection and non-intersection segments, variables such as daytime, winter, head-on collisions, and pedestrian involvement had positive impact on the crash consequence metrics irrespective of the crash location. Insights drawn from the study are used in recommending appropriate countermeasures for improving PTW safety.
Local agency and development trajectories in a rural region

ABSTRACT Employing a theoretical lens from the anthropology of development, this paper takes an actor-oriented approach to understand the socio-cultural context of regional path development in a peripheral rural region and the role of local agency, drawing on a qualitative case study of the Cradle Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. Findings demonstrate the value of bottom-up attention to the logics of regional actors to understand regional development trajectories and the emergence of new economic paths. Analysing the regional development logics and actions of local actors in particular contexts can reveal the mechanisms through which regions create new paths or reinforce old ones.
Insight into the Relationship between Oral Microbiota and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease has been a growing concern of lots of people globally, including both adults and children. As a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine, even though the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease is still unclear, the available evidence from clinic observations has suggested a close association with microorganisms. The oral microbiota possesses the characteristics of a large number and abundant species, second only to the intestinal microbiota in the human body; as a result, it successfully attracts the attention of researchers. The highly diverse commensal oral microbiota is not only a normal part of the oral cavity but also has a pronounced impact on the pathophysiology of general health. Numerous studies have shown the potential associations between the oral microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease can affect the composition of the oral microbiota and lead to a range of oral pathologies. In turn, there are a variety of oral microorganisms involved in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease, including Streptococcus spp. , Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter concisus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Saccharibacteria (TM7), and Candida albicans. Based on the above analysis, the purpose of this review is to summarize this relationship of mutual influence and give further insight into the detection of flora as a target for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease to open up a novel approach in future clinical practice.
Evaluation of the Polyphenolic Composition and Bioactivities of Three Native Cabo Verde Medicinal Plants

The use of medicinal plants in a variety of health conditions remains essential for the discovery of new treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the bioactive properties of three native plants from Cabo Verde Islands, namely Artemisia gorgonum Webb, Sideroxylon marginatum (Decne. ex Webb) Cout. , and Tamarix senegalensis DC. , contributing to the characterization of less-known medicinal plants and their potential benefits for human health. Known compounds, such as kaempferol, quercetin, caffeyolquinic, and apigenin derivatives, among others, were detected in the plant species under study. Overall, all species demonstrated good antioxidant capacity, especially the ethanolic extracts of A. gorgonum (EC50 = 0.149 mg/mL) in TBARS assay. Moreover, the ethanolic extracts of the studied plants showed cytotoxic properties against tumor cells, and again the A. gorgonum extract proved to be the most effective in inhibiting tumor growth, mainly in the CaCO2 (GI50 = 17.3 μg/mL) and AGS (GI50 = 18.2 μg/mL) cell lines. Only the ethanolic extracts of T. senegalensis and S. marginatum demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity, albeit weak (EC50 = 35 and 43 μg/mL, respectively). The present study contributed to increased knowledge about the bioactive properties of these plants commonly used in traditional medicine, some of which was discussed for the first time, opening new perspectives for their use in a wider range of health conditions, especially in African countries, where access to modern health care is more limited.
Disjoint Faces of Complementary Dimension

In this short note, we show that if P is a d-polytope which is not the simplex, then for all 0 2. Since the statement is symmetric in k and d − k, we can assume k 1. Take some vertex figure P/v which is not a simplex. By induction, we can find disjoint faces in P/v of dimensions k and d−k−1. These correspond to faces G and H of P , of respective dimension k + 1 and d− k, which intersect only in v. However, taking any facet of G not containing v, we obtain a face of dimension k which is disjoint from H, completing the proof. Given Theorem 1, the natural question to ask is the following. Question 1. What can we say about k-faces which intersect all (d−k)-faces of a d-polytope, or about polytopes which have such faces? For k = d − 1, for instance, the polytope P must be a pyramid over the face in question. However, even for the case k = 1 and d = 3, there are many polytopes which have such a k-face: for instance, we can start with the simplex and a distinguished edge, and repeatedly add points beyond a 2-face containing the edge in question. Acknowledgements. I would like to thank Ezra Miller and Vic Reiner for bringing the problem to my attention, as well as the American Instititute of Mathematics and the University of Minnesota for their financial support.
Monitoring and evaluating the CAP: a (post-) exceptionalist policy arrangement?

ABSTRACT In this article, we contribute to the literature on (post-)exceptionalism by analysing and explaining the development of a specific policy sub-arrangement of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): its monitoring and evaluation (M&E) arrangement. As M&E have become common in many policy sectors, this arrangement seems an example of common policy being integrated in the CAP, reflecting non-exceptionalism. To answer the question to what extent M&E policy ideas are indeed integrated in the CAP we adopt a policy arrangement approach and analyse the interaction of institutions and ideas found in the broader EU M&E and CAP policy arrangements during two reforms of the CAP. We conclude that general ideas on M&E have been incorporated in the CAP M&E arrangement, but only to a limited extent. Existing institutions (and resulting interests) of the broader CAP arrangement prevent a full integration of these ideas. This leads to the general conclusion that the M&E sub-arrangement in the CAP is characterized by post-exceptionalism.
Parameter estimation in astronomy through application of the likelihood ratio. [satellite data analysis techniques

Many problems in the experimental estimation of parameters for models can be solved through use of the likelihood ratio test. Applications of the likelihood ratio, with particular attention to photon counting experiments, are discussed. The procedures presented solve a greater range of problems than those currently in use, yet are no more difficult to apply. The procedures are proved analytically, and examples from current problems in astronomy are discussed.
Confronting generalized hidden local symmetry chiral model with the ALEPH data on the decay tau^- to pi^+ pi^- pi^- nu_tau

Generalized Hidden Local Symmetry (GHLS) model is the chiral model of pseudoscalar, vector, and axial vector mesons and their interactions. It contains also the couplings of strongly interacting particles with electroweak gauge bosons. Here, GHLS model is confronted with the ALEPH data on the decay $\tau^-\to\pi^-\pi^-\pi^+\nu_\tau$. It is shown that the invariant mass spectrum of final pions in this decay calculated in GHLS framework with the single $a_1(1260)$ resonance disagrees with the experimental data at any reasonable number of free GHLS parameters. Two modifications of GHLS model based on inclusion of two additional heavier axial vector mesons are studied. One of them giving a good description of the ALEPH data, with all the parameters kept free is shown to result in very large $\Gamma_{a_1^\pm\to\pi^\pm\gamma}$ partial width. The other scheme with the GHLS parameters fixed in a way that the universality is preserved and the observed central value of $\Gamma_{a_1^\pm\to\pi^\pm\gamma}$ is reached, results in a good description of the three pion spectrum in $\tau^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^-\nu_\tau$ decay.
Plastomes Provide Insights into Differences between Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny: Ostericum and Angelica (Apiaceae) as an Example

Traditional classification based on morphological characters suggests that the genus Ostericum is closely related to Angelica, but molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the genus Ostericum is related to Pternopetalum rather than Angelica. In this study, the plastomes of nine Ostericum species and five Angelica species were used to conduct bioinformatic and comparative analyses. The plastomes of Ostericum and Angelica exhibited significant differences in genome size, gene numbers, IR junctions, nucleotide diversity, divergent regions, and the repeat units of SSR types. In contrast, Ostericum is more similar to Pternopetalum rather than Angelica in comparative genomics analyses. In total, 80 protein-coding genes from 97 complete plastomes and 112 ITS sequences were used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees. Phylogenies showed that Angelica was mainly located in Selineae tribe while Ostericum was a sister to Pternopetalum and occurred in the Acronema clade. However, morphological analysis was inconsistent with molecular phylogenetic analysis: Angelica and Ostericum have similar fruit morphological characteristics while the fruits of Ostericum are quite different from the genus Pternopetalum. The phylogenetic relationship between Angelica and Ostericum is consistent with the results of plastome comparisons but discordant with morphological characters. The cause of this phenomenon may be convergent morphology and incomplete lineage sorting (ILS).
Experiment on Recovery of Hydrogen from Fluidized Li17Pb83 Blanket

Development of an efficient tritium recovery method is indispensable in order to compose a liquid blanket system of a D-T fusion reactor in the near future. Here, tritium recovery using a bubbling tower is focused on, and the behavior of H transfer between fluidized lithium-lead (Li-Pb) and gas bubbles of Ar-H2 or pure Ar is examined analytically and experimentally under isothermal conditions. Gas of Ar-H2 or pure Ar is injected into fluidized Li-Pb through an I-shape nozzle made from SS-316. Time variations of the H2 concentration in gas bubbles that come out from fluidized Li-Pb are measured by gas chromatography. Mass-transfer coefficients to correlate rates of H atom transfer between Li-Pb and gas bubbles are obtained by fitting analytical equations to experimental results. The solution is derived under conditions where H transfer between bubbles and liquid Li-Pb is limited by diffusion in the Li-Pb boundary layer. The parameters such as bubble diameter and terminal rising velocity which are used in order to derive analytic formula are estimated from balance among several forces such as gravity, surface tension, inertia force and so on. The behavior of hydrogen transfer at gas-liquid interfaces in liquid blanket is investigated in terms of the mass-transfer coefficient obtained under various conditions.
A Social Media-driven Digital Twin of an Invasive Species

The digital twin concept and technology is helping improve life and business in many ways. Manufacturing, health, and supply chain systems benefit from digital twins ’ predictive capacity to better plan and utilize costly and recently scarce resources. This research utilizes social media to drive a digital twin and model the propagation of an invasive species in the United States. 11,723 social media conversations considering the Spotted Lanternfly, an invasive species of insect that poises significant risk to crops and forests within the U.S., were utilized in the natural language processing and modeling. Converging the theory of sociomaterial assemblage and the emerging technology of digital twins, we have created machine learning models and an initial digital twin that predict the paths of these pests. This research advances modeling and simulation by applying the digital twin concept to the application of protecting industry against further natural disasters of crop destruction, resource and food shortage, and forest damage due to invasive species.
Spanning trees of graphs on surfaces and the intensity of loop-erased random walk on Z^2

We show how to compute the probabilities of various connection topologies for uniformly random spanning trees on graphs embedded in surfaces. As an application, we show how to compute the "intensity" of the loop-erased random walk in Z^2, that is, the probability that the walk from (0,0) to infinity passes through a given vertex or edge. For example, the probability that it passes through (1,0) is 5/16; this confirms a 15-year old conjecture about the stationary sandpile density on Z^2. We do the analogous computation for the triangular lattice, honeycomb lattice and Z x R, for which the probabilities are 5/18, 13/36, and 1/4-1/\pi^2 respectively.
The Single Layer Heat Potential and Galerkin Boundary Element Methods for the Heat Equation

Title of Dissertation The Single Layer Heat Potential and Galerkin Boundary Element Methods for the Heat Equation Patrick James Noon Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation directed by Douglas N Arnold Associate Professor Applied Mathematics Department We study Galerkin boundary element discretizations of the single layer heat potential operator equation K q Z t Z K x y t t q y t dydt F x t x t where K denotes the fundamental solution K x t exp jxj t t x R t x R t We rst formulate a well posedness theory for and show that for each F in the anisotropic Sobolev space H R there exists a unique solution q in its dual space H R which depends continuously on the data in the sense that kqkH R ckFkH R Moreover we show that K satis es a coercivity estimate Re hq K qi ckqk H R We next develop a regularity theory for the mapping K and show that K in the scale of anisotropic Sobolev spaces H s R for r s may be regarded as an operator which increases regularity by one spatial derivative and one half time derivative These results provide a basis for our subsequent analysis of a class of Galerkin discretizations methods based on test and trial spaces of piecewise polynomials We show optimal convergence in the energy norm H R and investigate the rate of convergence in L R Finally to test our conclusions we present numerical examples
Fluctuations of ergodic averages

We discuss universal estimates for the probability that there are many fluctuations in the ergodic averages of L functions. Our methods involve an effective Vitali covering type of theorem and are valid for Z d actions, for any d N. For nonnegative functions we get an exponential decay for the probability of a large number of fluctuations.