Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equity Value and Volatility

As shown by continuous-time mathematics, a current stock price is the sum of the mean or equity value and the residual volatility of the current stock price. The residual volatility is a fraction of the volatility of the current stock price. Equity value is derived from the valuation of corporate and economic events. In a continuous-time first-order autoregressive process for a current demeaned stock price, valuation is completed when a lagged demeaned stock price is discounted. Volatility is present in a lagged demeaned stock price. Discounting a nominal lagged demeaned stock price converts it to equity value. A discounted model is a valuation model. The equity value from the valuation model is the sum of the mean stock price and the discounted lagged demeaned stock price. The valuation process starts from the process of mean reversion and ends at the process of autoregression. During mean reversion, the current demeaned stock price reacts to corporate and economic events. At autoregression, the lagged demeaned stock price is discounted completing valuation. My objective is to derive and test a valuation model under uncertainty. The residual volatility is produced by speculation. The residual volatility is a measure of stock market inefficiency, which is of topical interest. First-order autoregression of current demeaned stock prices was noticeably demonstrated at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The daily equity value represented 98.46% of the current S&P 500 in 2019. The proportion of daily equity value to the current S&P 500 was high. The inefficiency of a stock market is measured by the daily residual volatility of the current stock price. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the S&P 500 market was 3.17% inefficient. The inefficiency was small in a stock market under great uncertainty.
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging: in vivo tracking of gastric cancer cells and detecting of lymph node metastases using microparticles of iron oxide in mice

Background: Monitoring the fate of implanted cells over time in an experimental animal may provide a new way to track the metastatic process. Lymph node metastase is of extremely importance for the prognostic prediction of gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using micron-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (MPIO), for monitoring of the fate of gastric cancer cells and detecting the migration of gastric cancer cells through the lymphatic system in a mouse model. Methods: SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells were labeled with green ﬂ uorescent MPIO. The cells were monitored in vitro at multiple time points by staining for iron-labeled cells and by ﬂ ow cytometric detection of the ﬂ uorescent MPIO. MPIO-labeled cells were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice, and cellular MRI was performed at different time points until 35 days postinjection. Results: The potential for retention of the iron particles in vitro was evaluated. Our results showed that the labeling and uptake ef ﬁ ciency of MPIO reached 90.0% after 24 hrs of incubation, and a small percentage of cells that retained MPIO could be examined until 16 days after labeling. In vivo MRI-based tracking over several weeks in mice revealed regions of signal loss in the primary tumors for up to 5 weeks. Furthermore, small regions of signal void were detected in images of the inguinal lymph nodes in three mice at day 28 postinjection or later, and histological assays con ﬁ rmed the presence of iron-labeled cancer cells. Conclusion: This study supports MPIO-based cell tracking is a useful tool for monitoring the fate of gastric cancer cells in mice over time, which may facilitate progress in understanding the mechanisms of early regional lymph node micrometastases.
Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Pediatric Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment on Senegalese Black Population

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children is particular by its severity and challenging treatment. Purpose: To describe the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Method: We retrospectively included files of pediatric patients (aged 0 to 15 years), clinically diagnosed with rhematogenous retinal detachment (RRD) be-tween January 2015 and June 2019. The ophthalmological examination was as complete as the age of the patients allowed and a pediatric examination was systematically performed in all children. The data has been processed with Excel 2016 software. Results: 16 eyes of 11 patients were included. The hospital frequency of RRD was 3.37%, with a sex ratio of 1.75 and a mean age of 11.9 years. The average consultation time was 2 months. Contusive eye trauma was reported in 31.25% and myopia in 18.75%. The visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/400. The RRD was total in 81.25% and retinal lesions were found in 43.75%, including 25% atrophic holes and tears with lattice degeneration, 12.5% temporal retinal dialysis and one giant tear. Stage B of Proli-ferative vitreoretinopathy was found in 18.75% and stage C in 56.25%. Scleral buckling was performed in 37
Preferential FGF18/FGFR activity in pseudoglandular versus canalicular stage human lung fibroblasts

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is necessary for proper lung branching morphogenesis, alveolarization, and vascular development. Dysregulation of FGF activity has been implicated in various lung diseases. Recently, we showed that FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis by regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the role of FGF18 and its receptors (FGFR) in regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation from pseudoglandular to canalicular stage. We performed siRNA assays to identify the specific FGFR(s) associated with FGF18-induced biological processes. We found that FGF18 increased proliferation and migration in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLF) from both stages. FGFR2/FGFR4 played a significant role in pseudoglandular stage. HFLF proliferation, while FGFR3/FGFR4 were involved in canalicular stage. FGF18 enhanced HFLF migration through FGFR2 and FGFR4 in pseudoglandular and canalicular stage, respectively. Finally, we provide evidence that FGF18 treatment leads to reduced expression of myofibroblast markers (ACTA2 and COL1A1) and increased expression of lipofibroblast markers (ADRP and PPARγ) in both stages HFLF. However, the specific FGF18/FGFR complex involved in this process varies depending on the stage. Our findings suggest that in context of human lung development, FGF18 tends to associate with distinct FGFRs to initiate specific biological processes on mesenchymal cells.
Impact of Biochar on Fusarium Wilt of Cotton and the Dynamics of Soil Microbial Community

The effects of biochar on leaf and soil-borne diseases of plants can be seen in addition to its ability to sequester carbon, improve soil quality, and enhance plant performance. However, the mechanisms by which soil-borne pathogens are suppressed and plant performance is enhanced are not well understood. The present work aims to comprehensively establish the links between biochar-induced changes in the richness of the rhizosphere microbial population, in association with the reduction of soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum), in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), with improved plant performance. Biochar made from organic waste significantly decreased the colonization and survival of Fusarium in soil, raised the culture-able counts of numerous microbes with biocontrol potential (microorganisms that boost plant growth and development), and inhibited Fusarium wilt of cotton. The biochar amendment significantly enhanced the cotton plant development and physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, etc. Overall, 9% organic waste biochar had shown a significant impact on cotton growth as compared to other treatments with or without biochar. Compared to the soil-only control, the disease index was considerably reduced in all biochar-amended treatments. In terms of the plant’s resistance to Fusarium wilt, biochar-induced increases in the level of overall chlorophyll content and biochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, etc. Additionally, cotton plants grown with a 9% biochar composition had considerably greater NPK levels than other treatments with or without biochar. The biochar addition resulted in increased counts of Pseudomonas spp. , Actinomycetes spp. , and Trichoderma spp. , while Acidobacteriales, Rhodospirillales, and Frankiales were less when compared with an un-amended (without biochar) soil control. Thus, the composition of rhizosphere bacteria in the treatments with and without modified biochar was found to differ significantly.
Decomposable robust two‐stage optimization: An application to gas network operations under uncertainty

We study gas network problems with compressors and control valves under uncertainty that can be formulated as two‐stage robust optimization problems. Uncertain data are present in the physical parameters of the pipes as well as in the overall demand. We show how to exploit the special decomposable structure of the problem to reformulate the two‐stage problem as a single‐stage robust optimization problem. The right‐hand side of the single‐stage problem can be precomputed by solving a series of optimization problems and multiple elements of the right‐hand side can be combined into one optimization task. The practical feasibility and effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated with benchmarks on several gas network instances, among them a realistic model of the Greek natural gas network. Overall, aggregation and preprocessing allow us to quickly solve large gas network instances under uncertainty for the price of slightly more conservative solutions.
Unravelling Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract on Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Plasma Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fat Western-Style Diet

The objective of the study was to investigate the preventive effect on obesity-related conditions of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract (RE) in young, healthy rats fed a high-fat Western-style diet to complement the existing knowledge gap concerning the anti-obesity effects of RE in vivo. Sprague Dawley rats (71.3 ± 0.46 g) were fed a high-fat Western-style diet (WD) or WD containing either 1 g/kg feed or 4 g/kg feed RE for six weeks. A group fed standard chow served as a negative control. The treatments did not affect body weight; however, the liver fat percentage was reduced in rats fed RE, and NMR analyses of liver tissue indicated that total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver were reduced. In plasma, HDL cholesterol was increased while triglycerides were decreased. Rats fed high RE had significantly increased fasting plasma concentrations of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Proteomics analyses of liver tissue showed that RE increased enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, possibly associated with the higher fasting GLP-1 levels, which may explain the improvement of the overall lipid profile and hepatic fat accumulation. Furthermore, high levels of succinic acid in the cecal content of RE-treated animals suggested a modulation of the microbiota composition. In conclusion, our results suggest that RE may alleviate the effects of consuming a high-fat diet through increased GLP-1 secretion and changes in microbiota composition.
Powering Wire-Mesh Circuits through MEMS Fiber-Grippers

Integrating MEMS devices with electronic textiles (E-Textiles) and fabrics requires an understanding of how these devices interact with circuit components in different operating conditions. In this paper, we characterize the electronic properties of MEMS “grippers” in contact with conductive wire. We discuss general guidelines for optimizing the design of said “grippers” and potential MEMS-based circuits. We then demonstrate how these grippers can act as non-rigid circuit components that effectively transfer power to devices such as LEDs. Analysis shows that our “grippers” are suitable conductors (under 150 Ohms) under standard operating temperatures (25–100 deg. C) with potential for use as sensors for current overflow or temperature. Methods such as parylene deposition and silver epoxy “glue” to stabilize MEMS performance are briefly discussed and explored.
Screening for Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction in the First Trimester in Women without Chronic Hypertension

Background: Nowadays, it is possible to identify a group at increased risk of preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) using the principles of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF). It has been established for several years that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) reduces the incidence of PE and FGR in high-risk populations. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of ASA use after the first-trimester screening in a Polish population without chronic hypertension, as well as its impact on perinatal complications. Material and methods: A total of 874 patients were enrolled in the study during the first-trimester ultrasound examination. The risk of PE and FGR was assessed according to the FMF guidelines, which include the maternal history, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtPI), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and placental growth factor (PLGF). Among patients with a risk higher than >1:100, ASA was administered at a dose of 150 mg. Perinatal outcomes were assessed among the different groups. Results: When comparing women in the high-risk group with those in the low-risk group, a statistically significantly higher risk of pregnancy complications was observed in the high-risk group. These complications included pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (OR 3.6 (1.9–7)), any PE (OR 7.8 (3–20)), late-onset PE (OR 8.5 (3.3–22.4)), FGR or small for gestational age (SGA) (OR 4.8 (2.5–9.2)), and gestational diabetes mellitus type 1 (GDM1) (OR 2.4 (1.4–4.2)). The pregnancies in the high-risk group were more likely to end with a cesarean section (OR 1.9 (1.2–3.1)), while the newborns had significantly lower weights (<10 pc (OR 2.9 (1.2–6.9)), <3 pc (OR 10.2 (2.5–41.7))). Conclusions: The first-trimester screening test for PE and FGR is a necessary and effective tool in identifying high-risk pregnancies. ASA prophylaxis among high-risk patients may have the most beneficial effect. Furthermore, this screening tool may significantly reduce the incidence of early-onset PE (eo-PE).
The Situation of Unaccompanied Migrant Minors and Young People in Shelters and Protection Centers in Andalusia (Spain)

ABSTRACT This article aims to determine the situation of unaccompanied immigrant minors and young people in reception and protection centers for children in Andalusia, Spain. The study design is qualitative exploratory. The fieldwork was carried out in three provinces of Andalusia and involved interviews and focus groups with minors and young people in shelters and protection centers. The results show the participants’ perception of the care they receive in the centers. Situations of conflict between minors and professionals, disputes generated by cultural differences, lack of quality food, and cases of violence, among other issues, are the experiences reported by those interviewed. The research concludes that there is a need for more significant work inspections in reception and protection centers and more excellent proximity to urban environments that help social inclusion. Practice Implications Reception and protection centers can develop social policies and practices better geared toward respecting human rights and addressing issues related to the relationship between professionals and migrant children and youth. Facilities in protection centers should be better funded financially to improve community and social care spaces. Public administrations should carry out more labor inspections in reception and protection centers as a means to avoid situations of abuse toward children and young people. Providing professionals with more training in social skills could improve relations with unaccompanied foreign minors and young people. Locating reception and protection centers closer to urban areas could improve social inclusion.
Insider trading with dynamic asset under market makers' partial observations

This paper studies an extended continuous-time insider trading model of Calentey and Stacchetti (2010, Econometrica), which allows market makers to observe some partial information about a dynamic risky asset. For each of the two cases with trading until either a fixed time or a random time, we establish the existence and uniqueness of linear Bayesian equilibrium, consisting of insider trading intensity, price pressure on market orders and price pressure on asset observations. It shows that at each of the two equilibria, all information on the risky asset is incorporated in the market price and when the volatility of observation noise keeps constant, the more information observed by market makers, the smaller price pressure on market orders but the greater price pressure on asset observations such that the insider earns less profit and vice versa. It suggests that the partial observation of market makers weakens the information advantage of the insider, which prevents the insider from monopolizing the market to make excessive profit, then reduces the losses of noise traders, thus improving the fairness and effectiveness in the insider trading market.
A suicidal mechanism for the exquisite temperature sensitivity of TRPV1

Significance The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is a prototype temperature receptor for detecting noxious heat among other pain-producing signals at peripheral nerve endings. Its strong temperature sensitivity requires a large energetic change in channel opening. But the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we directly measured the heat uptake of TRPV1 by differential scanning calorimetry on reconstituted channels in vesicles. We show that the thermal transition in TRPV1 is accompanied with energetic changes on a scale sufficient to compromise protein stability. Our findings suggest that coupling functional activation to irreversible conformation transitions is important for TRPV1 to attain its exquisite temperature sensitivity, which, from a thermodynamic stand, may be a common mechanism for strongly temperature-dependent biological processes.
Seasonal variations in pasture quality on New Zealand sheep and beef farms

Nineteen sheep and beef farmers in the Waikato, Tararua, Canterbury and Southland regions collected two pregrazing pasture samples offered to either lambs or bulls once every month from autumn 2000 to autumn 2001. One sample of pasture on offer was collected to ground level and the other was hand plucked to represent pasture selected by animals. The samples were analysed by NIRS for chemical composition and dissected into morphological components. Energy concentration of herbage was lowest in autumn and highest in spring. Energy concentrations of offered pasture were 8.1, 9.2, 7.6 and 10.0 MJME/kg DM in autumn and 10.3, 11.6, 10.8 and 11.4 MJME/kg DM in spring in Waikato, Tararua, Canterbury and Southland, respectively. Crude-protein, fibre and soluble-carbohydrate concentrations reflected the changes in ME. Variations in dead material and reproductive stem were the main causes of changes in ME. Predicted liveweight gain of 350-kg bulls grazing pasture with a pre- and post-grazing herbage mass of 2500 and 1500 kgDM/ha respectively, were 0.4, 0.8, 0.0, and 1.1 kg/d in autumn, and 1.2, 1.5, 1.4 and 1.6 kg/d in spring, for Waikato, Tararua, Canterbury and Southland regions, respectively. It is concluded that high animal performance in summer and autumn may not be achieved in summer-warm regions without the addition of high-quality forages or supplements.
Le rôle des échanges entre le fleuve Amazone et la plaine d'inondation dans les processus de transport, de spéciation et de piégeage du mercure

Un des problemes environnementaux majeurs en Amazonie concerne le risque de contamination par le mercure (Hg) des environnements aquatiques et des populations riveraines. Sous sa forme organique, le monomethylmercure (MMHg) presente une toxicite elevee et peut se retrouver en concentration tres elevee dans les poissons piscivores apres bioaccumulation et bioamplification dans la chaine trophique. Des taux de methylation eleves ont ete mesures plus particulierement dans des lacs d'inondation ou de barrage. Encore tres peu etudiees, les plaines d'inondation occupent ~5% de la surface du bassin amazonien. Ce travail de these consiste a etudier et quantifier le role des interactions entre le fleuve Amazone et les lacs d'inondation dans les processus de transport, de depot, de transformation et de transfert du mercure. Notre zone d'etude est la "varzea do Curuai " situee le long du fleuve Amazone, a 900 km de l'embouchure. La plupart des lacs inondes (eaux blanches) est alimentee par les eaux du fleuve tandis que les lacs d'eaux noires sont plus influences par les eaux de ruissellement et de la nappe. Ce travail montre que le cycle et la distribution des especes de Hg dans la "varzea do Curuai " sont principalement controles par la dynamique hydrologique de l'Amazone et du bassin versant local. Dans les lacs d'inondation, le MMHg et le Hg total sont transportes principalement sur la phase particulaire, surtout au cours de la montee de crue pendant la phase de remplissage des lacs par les eaux du fleuve. Au cours du transfert des eaux et des sediments dans les lacs, le Hg est soumis a differents processus de speciation, tels que : i) la coagulation ou floculation du mercure inorganique avec des complexes organo-mineraux, ce qui limite la quantite de mercure inorganique disponible pour la methylation bacterienne ; on n'observe en effet, aucun enrichissement en MMHg entre le fleuve et les lacs d'eaux blanches , ii) probable formation de Hg° gazeux par photo-reduction de Hg2+ puis sa volatilisation induisant un appauvrissement de Hg dissous a la surface des lacs, iii) la remise en suspension des sediments de fond sous l'action du vent et de la bioturbation enrichissant la colonne d'eau en Hg particulaire associe aux oxy-hydroxides de Fe et Mn, iv) la methylation de Hg et la desorption de MMHg particulaire uniquement dans les lacs d'eaux noires caracterises par des conditions reductrices. Les faibles concentrations de mercure particulaire dans les sediments ainsi que les faibles pourcentages de MMHg particulaire qui ne representent que 0,18 a 0,44 % de T-PHg, confirment que le role de piegeage du mercure particulaire de la " varzea do Curuai " ainsi que la formation de l'espece methyle sont limites par de nombreux facteurs inherents a la dynamique du systeme.