Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryoprecipitate attenuates the endotheliopathy of trauma in mice subjected to hemorrhagic shock and trauma

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. BACKGROUND Plasma has been shown to mitigate the endotheliopathy of trauma. Protection of the endothelium may be due in part to fibrinogen and other plasma-derived proteins found in cryoprecipitate; however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Clinical trials are underway investigating early cryoprecipitate administration in trauma. In this study, we hypothesize that cryoprecipitate will inhibit endothelial cell (EC) permeability in vitro and will replicate the ability of plasma to attenuate pulmonary vascular permeability and inflammation induced by hemorrhagic shock and trauma (HS/T) in mice. METHODS In vitro, barrier permeability of ECs subjected to thrombin challenge was measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. In vivo, using an established mouse model of HS/T, we compared pulmonary vascular permeability among mice resuscitated with (1) lactated Ringer’s solution (LR), (2) fresh frozen plasma (FFP), or (3) cryoprecipitate. Lung tissue from the mice in all groups was analyzed for markers of vascular integrity, inflammation, and inflammatory gene expression via NanoString messenger RNA quantification. RESULTS Cryoprecipitate attenuates EC permeability and EC junctional compromise induced by thrombin in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. In vivo, resuscitation of HS/T mice with either FFP or cryoprecipitate attenuates pulmonary vascular permeability (sham, 297 ± 155; LR, 848 ± 331; FFP, 379 ± 275; cryoprecipitate, 405 ± 207; p < 0.01, sham vs. LR; p < 0.01, LR vs. FFP; and p < 0.05, LR vs. cryoprecipitate). Lungs from cryoprecipitate- and FFP-treated mice demonstrate decreased lung injury, decreased infiltration of neutrophils and activation of macrophages, and preserved pericyte-endothelial interaction compared with LR-treated mice. Gene analysis of lung tissue from cryoprecipitate- and FFP-treated mice demonstrates decreased inflammatory gene expression, in particular, IL-1β and NLRP3, compared with LR-treated mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that cryoprecipitate attenuates the endotheliopathy of trauma in HS/T similar to FFP. Further investigation is warranted on active components and their mechanisms of action.
Comparison of transparent conductive indium tin oxide, titanium-doped indium oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide films for dye-sensitized solar cell application

In this study, we investigate the photovoltaic performance of transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium-doped indium oxide (ITiO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films. ITO and ITiO films are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on soda-lime glass substrate at 300 °C, and the FTO film used is a commercial product. We measure the X-ray diffraction patterns, AFM micrographs, transmittance, sheet resistances after heat treatment, and transparent conductive characteristics of each film. The value of electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the ITiO films was 4.15×10 -4 Ω-cm. The near-infrared ray transmittance of ITiO is the highest for wavelengths over 1,000 nm, which can increase dye sensitization compared to ITO and FTO. The photoconversion efficiency (η) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) sample using ITiO was 5.64%, whereas it was 2.73% and 6.47% for DSC samples with ITO and FTO, respectively, both at 100 mW/cm 2 light intensity.
Temporomandibular joint involvement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objectives: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristic, state the treatment and outcome of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement as observed in a large tertiary center. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of children diagnosed with JIA was assessed at King Abdullah Specialist Children’s Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2015-2019), which included a descriptive analysis of children who had TMJ involvement among our study group. Subjects diagnosed with the TMJ arthritis were based either on clinical musculoskeletal examination or using contrast-enhanced MRI. Results: We reviewed 123 cases with different JIA subtypes (57% females). The most frequent subtype is the oligoarticular (36%). TMJ involvement was found in 16% (n=20/123) of the patients, of whom 45% had Polyarticular JIA. The rheumatoid factor was positive in 25%; antinuclear antibody (ANA) in 45% and none showed positivity to HLAB27. Treatment resulted in complete resolution in 95% of cases, while Micrognathia and obstructive sleep apnea were the complications reported in 5% of cases. Conclusion: TMJ involvement in JIA is not uncommon. Females with polyarticular disease were more frequently affected with TMJ arthritis. Positive ANA could be a risk factor for TMJ involvement, while positive HLAB27 might have some protective effects. Early treatment for TMJ arthritis is essential to avoid possible complications.
Retrospective Reports of Perceived ‘Guan’ Parenting: Relationships to Adult Attachment Styles, Emotion Regulation, and Self-Esteem

Abstract To determine how parental guan is related to social-emotional development in adulthood and how demographic controls might influence the prediction of parental guan on social-emotional development, 176 adults completed a series of questionnaires. We expected that both maternal and paternal guan would be positively related to secure attachment in adulthood, emotion regulation, self-esteem, and social self-esteem, but negatively related to avoidance and anxious attachment in adulthood. Pearson correlations largely supported these expectations. Moreover, the results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that paternal guan was positively related to self-esteem but negatively related to anxious attachment in adulthood. Maternal guan, on the other hand, significantly predicted emotion regulation. Both maternal and paternal guan were significantly related to secure adult attachment and social self-esteem. Age, gender, and family structure contributed additional variance in some variables. We discuss our results in terms of the protective role of guan parenting in a child’s life.
The male bias of a generically-intended masculine pronoun: Evidence from eye-tracking and sentence evaluation

Two experiments tested whether the Dutch possessive pronoun zijn ‘his’ gives rise to a gender inference and thus causes a male bias when used generically in sentences such as Everyone was putting on his shoes. Experiment 1 (N = 120, 48 male) was a conceptual replication of a previous eye-tracking study that had not found evidence of a male bias. The results of the current eye-tracking experiment showed the generically-intended masculine pronoun to trigger a gender inference and cause a male bias, but for male participants and in stereotypically neutral stereotype contexts only. No evidence for a male bias was thus found in stereotypically female and male context nor for female participants altogether. Experiment 2 (N = 80, 40 male) used the same stimuli as Experiment 1, but employed the sentence evaluation paradigm. No evidence of a male bias was found in Experiment 2. Taken together, the results suggest that the generically-intended masculine pronoun zijn ‘his’ can cause a male bias for male participants even when the referents are previously introduced by inclusive and grammatically gender-unmarked iedereen ‘everyone’. This male bias surfaces with eye-tracking, which taps directly into early language processing, but not in offline sentence evaluations. Furthermore, the results suggest that the intended generic reading of the masculine possessive pronoun zijn ‘his’ is more readily available for women than for men.
Hydrogen-related effects in the optical and surface electronic properties of ZnO

This thesis concerns new hydrogenand polarity-related effects in the photoluminescence of ZnO single crystal wafers and the relationship between surface electron accumulation and surface hydroxyl coverage on different ZnO surfaces. A comparative study of the low temperature photoluminescence of various types of hydrothermal and melt-grown ZnO wafers revealed several new hydrogen-related exciton recombination lines and a number of consistent polarity-related differences in the PL emission from different crystallographic surfaces. Temperature-dependent PL measurements were extensively used to distinguish the ground and excited state transitions involved in these effects. ZnO samples of different surface polarity were annealed in oxygen and nitrogen gases and in hydrogen-containing forming gas mixtures in an attempt to identify the origin of these new PL features. The well known aluminium-related I6 recombination line was resolved into two separate features in hydrothermal ZnO, and the new component I6−H (3.36081 eV) was found to repeatedly quench and then re-emerge after annealing in oxygen and forming gas, respectively. A model involving an aluminium lithium hydrogen defect complex was proposed for I6−H and further tested via hydrogen and deuterium implantation experiments on hydrothermal ZnO wafers with different lithium concentrations. These experiments also provided evidence for the involvement of a different lithium-hydrogen defect complex in other hydrogen-related emission lines I4b,c (3.36219 eV and 3.36237 eV) unique to hydrothermal ZnO. In addition, a broad Gaussian-shaped feature observed in the near-band-edge PL emission from the O-polar (0001̄), a-plane (112̄0) and r-plane (11̄02) faces of ZnO was shown to be surface sensitive and also related to hydrogen. The involvement of hydrogen in the chemical and electronic properties of different ZnO surfaces was also investigated. The thermal stability of the hydroxyl termination and the associated downward surface band bending on the polar and non-polar surfaces of ZnO was studied by synchrotron and real-time photoelectron spectroscopy, both during and after annealing and subsequent H2O/H2 dosing in ultra-high vacuum conditions. On the O-polar face, the band bending could be reversibly switched over a range of approximately 0.8 eV by adjusting the surface H-coverage using simple UHV heat treatments and atmospheric exposure. A transition from electron accumulation to electron depletion on the O-polar face was observed at a H-coverage of approximately 0.9 monolayers. In contrast, the downward band bending on the Zn-polar face was significantly more resilient and electron-depleted surfaces could not be prepared by heat treatment alone. This was also the case for in situ cleaving in UHV conditions which
Molecular dynamics in PVDF/PVA blends as revealed by dielectric loss spectroscopy

The relaxation behavior of a series of compatible poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA) blends has been investigated by dielectric spectroscopy in a broad frequency and temperature range. Blends with PVDF content higher than 60% in weight are semicrystalline. Semicrystalline blends show a relaxation (αc) occurring in the crystalline phase of PVDF. Both semicrystalline and amorphous blends exhibit two processes, α and β associated to the overall segmental dynamics and to localized motions in the amorphous phase, respectively. For high PVDF content samples, the β relaxation exhibits an anomalous behavior characterized by a crossover from segmental to local dynamics, upon decreasing temperature, attributed to confinement effects taking place in PVDF segregated regions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1653–1661, 2007
The impact of primary tumor sidedness on survival in early‐onset colorectal cancer by stage: A National Veterans Affairs retrospective analysis

The incidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is rising. Left‐sided colorectal cancer (LCC) is associated with better survival compared to right‐sided colon cancer (RCC) in metastatic disease. NCCN guidelines recommend the addition of EGFR inhibitors to KRAS/NRAS WT metastatic CRC originating from the left only. Whether laterality impacts survival in locoregional disease and EOCRC is of interest.
A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Ignition of Fuel Droplets

Abstract The influence on the self-ignition of single fuel droplets of ambient temperature and oxygen concentration, droplet relative velocity, droplet size, and fuel type was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Using a unique droplet combustion experimental system, measurements of droplet ignition delay times were obtained for two pure fuels having widely different properties (furfuryl alcohol and butyl alcohol) and two different droplet diameters (200μ and 300μ nominal diameter) for representative droplet combustion conditions. A mathematical model describing the development of profiles for fuel vapor, temperature, and oxygen in the boundary layer surrounding a single fuel droplet moving relative to a hot oxidizing atmosphere was used to correlate the observed ignition delay times. Ignition delay times are found to increase substantially with decreasing ambient temperature and to a somewhat lesser degree with increasing droplet diameter and decreasing fuel volatility. A modest tendency f.
Prospect theory, constant relative risk aversion, and the investment horizon

Prospect Theory (PT) and Constant-Relative-Risk-Aversion (CRRA) preferences have clear-cut and very different implications for the optimal asset allocation between a riskless asset and a risky stock as a function of the investment horizon. While CRRA implies that the optimal allocation is independent of the horizon, we show that PT implies a dramatic and discontinuous “jump” in the optimal allocation as the horizon increases. We experimentally test these predictions at the individual level. We find rather strong support for CRRA, but very little support for PT.
Participation of young children with developmental disabilities: parental needs and strategies, a qualitative thematic analysis

Objectives Participation refers to a person’s involvement in activities and roles that provide interaction with others as well as engagement in family and community activities. Young children with developmental disabilities (DD) such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder are limited in their participation compared with their typically developing peers. This study aimed to obtain information regarding parental needs and strategies used to enable their child’s participation. Design A thematic inductive approach with in-depth interviews was used to explore parental experiences. Eleven women and two men, between 30 and 40 years of age, who had a child (4–9 years old) with a DD diagnosis based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, participated in semistructured interviews. Results Two central themes emerged: parental needs and parental strategies used to enable their child’s participation. Parental needs were the following: increasing awareness, ameliorating parental burden, providing tailored interventions and supporting parents in finding suitable leisure activities. Parental strategies aimed at increasing their child’s resiliency, attaining maximal fit between activity requirements and child capacity, and creating inclusive opportunities and awareness. Conclusions Understanding what families’ needs are and how families use and integrate strategies within the context of their daily lives provides practitioners with insights needed to support families’ resiliency in promoting their children’s participation. The results have implications for professionals as this information can be used to inform, refine, or tailor participation-based and family-centred services.
Early-phase scale-up of isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV in two districts in Malawi (2017)

Background Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) against tuberculosis (TB) is a life-saving intervention for people living with HIV (PLHIV). In September 2017, Malawi began programmatic scale-up of IPT to eligible PLHIV in five districts with high HIV and TB burden. We measured the frequency and timeliness of early-phase IPT implementation to inform quality-improvement processes. Methods and findings We applied a two-stage cluster design with systematic, probability-proportional-to-size sampling of six U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-affiliated antiretroviral therapy (ART) centers operating in the urban areas of Lilongwe and Blantyre, Malawi (November 2017). ART clinic patient volume determined cluster size. Within each cluster, we sequentially sampled approximately 50 PLHIV newly enrolled in ART care. We described a quality-of-care cascade for intensive TB case finding (ICF) and IPT in PLHIV. PLHIV newly enrolled in ART care were eligibility-screened for hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy, as well as for TB disease using a standardized four-symptom screening tool. Among eligible PLHIV, the overall weighted IPT initiation rate was 70% (95% CI: 46%–86%). Weighted IPT initiation among persons aged <15 years (30% [95% CI: 12%–55%]) was significantly lower than among persons aged ≥15 years (72% [95% CI: 47%–89%]; Rao-Scott chi-square P = 0.03). HIV-positive children aged <5 years had a weighted initiation rate of only 13% (95% CI: 1%–79%). For pregnant women, the weighted initiation rate was 67% (95% CI: 32%–90%), similar to non-pregnant women aged ≥15 years (72% [95% CI: 49%–87%]). Lastly, 95% (95% CI: 92%–97%) of eligible PLHIV started ART within one week of HIV diagnosis, and 92% (95% CI: 73%–98%) of patients receiving IPT began on the same day as ART. Conclusions Early-phase IPT uptake among adults at ART centers in Malawi was high. Child uptake needed improvement. National programs could adapt this framework to evaluate their ICF-IPT care cascades.
Symptoms of Anxiety or Depressive Disorder and Use of Mental Health Care Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, August 2020–February 2021

The spread of disease and increase in deaths during large outbreaks of transmissible diseases is often associated with fear and grief (1). Social restrictions, limits on operating nonessential businesses, and other measures to reduce pandemic-related mortality and morbidity can lead to isolation and unemployment or underemployment, further increasing the risk for mental health problems (2). To rapidly monitor changes in mental health status and access to care during the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC partnered with the U.S. Census Bureau to conduct the Household Pulse Survey (HPS). This report describes trends in the percentage of adults with symptoms of an anxiety disorder or a depressive disorder and those who sought mental health services. During August 19, 2020-February 1, 2021, the percentage of adults with symptoms of an anxiety or a depressive disorder during the past 7 days increased significantly (from 36.4% to 41.5%), as did the percentage reporting that they needed but did not receive mental health counseling or therapy during the past 4 weeks (from 9.2% to 11.7%). Increases were largest among adults aged 18-29 years and among those with less than a high school education. HPS data can be used in near real time to evaluate the impact of strategies that address mental health status and care of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and to guide interventions for groups that are disproportionately affected.
Silver linings of the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption, distress, and loss of life around the world. While negative health, economic, and social consequences are being extensively studied, there has been less research on the resilience and post-traumatic growth that people show in the face of adversity. We investigated New Zealanders’ experiences of benefit-finding during the COVID-19 pandemic and analysed qualitative responses to a survey examining mental well-being during the New Zealand lockdown. A total of 1175 of 2010 eligible participants responded to an open-ended question probing ‘silver linings’ (i.e., positive aspects) they may have experienced during this period. We analysed these qualitative responses using a thematic analysis approach. Two thirds of participants identified silver linings from the lockdown and we developed two overarching themes: Surviving (coping well, meeting basic needs, and maintaining health) and thriving (self-development, reflection, and growth). Assessing positive as well as negative consequences of the pandemic provides more nuanced insights into the impact that New Zealand’s response had on mental well-being.
Exploring satisfaction level among outpatients regarding pharmacy facilities and services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; a large regional analysis

Background Evaluation of patients`satisfaction towards pharmacy services is of utmost importance to ensure the quality of care. It helps in identifying domains requiring improvements to provide high quality pharmacy services to ensure the provision of enhanced pharmaceutical care. The current study aims to ascertain the extent of satisfaction towards pharmacy services among patients attending outpatient pharmacies in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 746 patients attending outpatient pharmacies of various public hospitals was conducted from 01 January to 15 February 2020. Information on socio-demographic profile of the study subjects along with their satisfaction towards outpatient pharmacy was extracted by using a 23-items questionnaire. These questions were divided into two domains including 7 questions related to the pharmacy facilities (questions from 1F to 7F) and 8 questions for pharmacy services (questions from 1S to 8S), where F and S denotes facilities and services, respectively. The cumulative satisfaction score was estimated by a 5-item Likert scale with a maximum score of 5 for each item. The relationship between demographics and satisfaction scores was evaluated by using appropriate statistics. Results There were 746 patients with male preponderance (58.8%). The overall satisfaction score was 2.97 ± 0.65. Satisfaction towards pharmacy services scored lower (mean score: 3.91 ± 0.77) than pharmacy facilities (mean score: 4.03 ± 0.66). Items related to patient`s counseling (3F, 2S, 3S, 6S) scored least during the analysis. Older patients (p = 0.006), male gender (p<0.001), Saudi nationality (0.035), patients attending primary care centers (p = 0.02), and patients with chronic illnesses were significantly associated with lower satisfaction score. Conclusion This study reported that the satisfaction level of patients attending outpatient pharmacies was low and differed among various socio-demographic groups. Approximately one-half of the patients were not satisfied with outpatient pharmacy services. These findings underscore the dire need for managerial interventions including the hiring of trained professionals, onsite training of pharmacy staff, initiation of clinical or patient centered pharmacy services, evaluation of patient`s response towards the services and appropriate controlling measures, irrespective to the type of hospitals.