Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and physiological traits under normal sown condition in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)

The present investigation was carried out with 32 diverse genotypes of bread wheat in completely randomized block design with 3 replications at GBPUAT, Pantnagar under normal sown condition. The observations were recorded on 15 agronomic traits and 3 physiological traits. The statistical analysis for genetic variability was done using ANOVA, h2, GCV, PCV and GA. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes. The results of the present study indicated that high heritability values were observed in all the characters studied except grain filling duration. High GCV and PCV were observed for the characters plot yield, canopy temperature depression-I, -II, -III and SPAD value. Moderate GCV and PCV were found for the characters 1000 grain weight, harvest index, relative water content, grain weight per spike and biological yield per plant whereas low GCV and PCV were observed for the characters days to 75% heading, days to 75% anthesis, days to 75% maturity and grain filling duration. The genetic advance was observed moderate for the character like SPAD, harvest index and days to 75% heading while low genetic advance was estimated for the rest of the characters. High genetic advance was observed for none.
International Journal of Food Engineering Correlation of Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Properties of Native Starch during Ohmic Heating

Electrical conductivity of starch suspension during ohmic heating was applied to analyze the starch gelatinization process. Native starches from wheat, corn, rice, potato, sweet potato, and pea were prepared on a starch to water ratio of 1:3 (w/w) with adding 0.05 M potassium chloride. A laboratory scale ohmic heating setup was designed to heat the starch suspension from room temperature to 90°C at a controlled heating rate of 10°C/min operating at 50 Hz and 110 V. The results show that starch gelatinization temperatures could be precisely calculated from electrical conductivity of starch suspension during ohmic heating process. The starch gelatinization temperatures based on ohmic heating were comparable to those measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Highly significant correlation of onset temperature (R=0.9972) and peak temperature (R=0.9950) were observed. The ohmic heating method could provide an alternative way to DSC with a promising potential for on-line and rapid evaluation of starch gelatinization temperatures.
Polyalthia Longifolia as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl Solution

Corrosion inhibition efficiency of dry Polyalthia longifolia (Asoka tree) leaves in 1N HCl medium was investigated by weight loss and temperature studies. Effect of temperature (35-75 0 C) on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in the presence of plant extract was studied. Inhibition was found to increase with increase in concentration of the extract. Adsorption of extract molecules on mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The results obtained prove that the leaves of Polyalthia Longifolia act as a good corrosion inhibitor having efficiency of 87% at 1.5% inhibitor concentration.
Emitter Discharge Sensitivity to Pressure and Temperature

The discharge sensitivities to pressure and temperature of three types of emitters (helical long-path, labyrinth and vortex-type emitters) were determined in the laboratory. The measured discharge sensitivity to pressure was used to calculate the maximal permissible pressure variation in a field for the various emitters. The relative discharge distribution along an experimental pipe with helical long-path emitters was calculated on the basis of the measured temperature distribution and the computed pressure distribution. The resulting relative discharge distribution was curvilinear, in good agreement with the measured values. Under field conditions where water is heated as it flows in pipes exposed to solar radiation, emitter discharge along the second half of the pipe is determined by its specific discharge sensitivity to temperature.
An investigation of the role increasing π-conjugation has on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated from ferrocene-based dyes

In this article, we report the synthesis of new ferrocene incorporating dyes and their evaluation as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. We have shown that the sequential addition of alkyne units as π-spacers plays an important role in modulating their solution optical and redox properties. Likewise, the most extensively conjugated dye (Fc-D3) provided the highest power conversion efficiency (η) compared to the other less-conjugated dyes in the series. We have also demonstrated that the choice of electrolyte is important in determining η for this series of dyes.
The Influence of the Group Context on the Associations Between Social Behaviours and Popularity Trajectories in Pre-Adolescents

The objectives of this study were to: a) examine group influences on the associations between popularity and individual behavioural characteristics and b) to assess the trajectory of popularity during the first six months of school. It was expected that the group context would moderate the individual behavioural characteristics associated with popularity. Pre-adolescents (N = 342) in grades five and six (Mage = 11.5) from four schools across Montreal, Quebec completed self-report and peer-nomination items to assess nine behavioural characteristics: care, proactive help, reactive help, justice, relational aggression, physical aggression, collectivism, individualism, and popularity. Popularity was assessed across three time points separated by 8-week intervals from the month of September. A three-level hierarchical linear model was used to examine the behavioural characteristics associated with popularity at the level of the individual and group. The sole predictor at Level 1 was an index of time. The eight measures of individual behavioural characteristics were included as Level 2 predictors. Group means of the behavioural characteristics and a measure of SES and gender were added as Level 3 predictors. Both the intercept and slope were associated with individual characteristics (Level 2) and features of the group context (Level 3). Features of the group context moderated effects of individual characteristics on the intercept and slope. The use of a three-level hierarchical linear model highlights popularity amongst pre-adolescents as a social construct.
Complexes of High-Valent Rhenium Supported by the PCP Pincer

The PCP ligand can be introduced into the coordination sphere of Re by metalation in a reaction with L2Re(O)Cl3 precursors, leading to an octahedral (PCP)Re(O)Cl2 (2), in which the aryl donor of PCP is cis to the oxo ligand. Halide exchange with Me3SiBr or Me3SiI furnished analogous (PCP)Re(O)Br2 (3) and (PCP)Re(O)I2 (4). Treatment of 2 with LiAlH4 resulted in the isolation of (PCP)ReH6 (5) upon workup. NMR data suggest a classical hexahydride nature for 5. 5 reacted with PMe3 and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) by losing H2 and forming adducts (PCPiPr)ReH4(PMe3) (6) and (PCP)ReH4(DMAP) (7). On the other hand, reaction of 5 with CO resulted in loss of all the hydrides and formation of the Re(I) compound (PCPiPr)Re(CO)3 (8). Finally, thermolysis of the hexahydride 5 led to loss of half the hydrides as H2 and formation of the dimeric species formulated as (PCPiPr)2Re2H6 (9).
Surface Properties of Modified Poly(4-vinylpyridine)

ABSTRACT Poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) was quaternized at 80% with octyl and dodecyl bromide. Surface properties of very dilute solutions in water were studied at various temperatures. Interfacial tension measurements were carried out according to the Wihelmy method. In all the studied systems, the interfacial tension decreased with the polyelectrolyte concentration as the side chain length decreased. According to the Gibbs–Szyszkowski equation, the excess interfacial concentrations, Γ, and areas covered by a monomer unit, σ, were determined. The standard free energy, , of the adsorption process was found to be more negative as the temperature increased. The data also revealed that the adsorption process was governed by two contrasting factors; the tendency of the polyelectrolyte to migrate to the surface and the opposing trend that stabilizes the polyelectrolyte in the bulk by minimizing the hydrophobic interactions of the side aliphatic chains. The surface tension behavior showed that the polyelectrolyte containing 8 carbon atoms in the side chain was more active at the surface than the polyelectrolyte with 12 carbon atoms, but the values suggested that the polyelectrolyte containing larger lateral chains were more stable at the surface. The dependence of the interfacial tension with temperature suggested that entropy was the driving force factor determining the adsorption process.
Soil nutrient status and yield of wheat as influenced by INM under continuous sorghum-wheat cropping sequence in vertisol

The present study was conducted during 2016-17 to study the impact of manuring and fertilization on soil nutrient status under sorghum-wheat sequence in Vertisol was studied after 29 years in 2016-17. The treatments comprised of 50% NPK, 100% NPK, 150% NPK,100% NPK (-S), 100% NPK + Zn @ 2.5 kg ha-1, 100% NP, 100% N,100% NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1, 100% NPK + S, FYM, 75% RDF + 25% N through FYM and Control laid out in randomized block design (RBD). The results of the present study revealed that, organic carbon content of soil was significantly increased under different treatments in sorghum-wheat cropping system with maximum value (7.87 g kg-1) was recorded under 100% NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (to kharif only) treatment in surface soil and minimum (3.79 g kg-1) under control. Calcium carbonate content in surface soils was significantly affected by long-term application of fertilizer. The calcium carbonate after harvest of wheat was higher (6.47) with the application of 100 % NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (to kharif only). Available N, P and K content in surface soil was significantly increased with various fertilizer treatments with maximum value i.e. 324, 20.30, and 488 kg ha-1 was recorded under 100% NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1(to kharif only). The grain and straw yield of wheat were increased with successive increase in fertilizer level. Significantly higher grain and straw yield was recorded with the application of 100 % NPK + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (to kharif only) followed by 150 % NPK.
Polypyrrole/Sulfonated Graphene Composite as Electrode Material for Supercapacitor

A novel electrode material for a supercapacitor has been developed based on a sulfonated graphene (SG) and polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite synthesized by interfacial polymerization. Characterizations of the synthesized composites are performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. The composites showed noticeable improvements in electrical conductivity and excellent electrochemical reversibility. The supercapacitor is fabricated by dispersing PPy/SG composite in nafion solution and coated on a stainless steel net. The composite revealed a maximum value of capacitance of 360 F g–1 at a current density of 1 A g–1. This simple method is suitable for developing a variety of SG based composites for applications in energy storage devices.
Conversion of Palm Oil to Methyl and Ethyl Ester using Crude Enzymes

Biodiesel (methyl esters) is a clean alternative fuel which can be produced from many renewable resources. Palm oil like other vegetable oils can be used as feedstock for biodiesel production. It is processed through transesterification to produce palm oil methyl ester. Enzymatic reactions catalyzed by lipases are potentially excellent processes to produce biodiesel through the transesterification reaction. Enzymes have several advantages over chemical catalysts such as mild reaction conditions high specificity and renewability. Various microorganisms like bacteria and fungi produce different kinds of enzymes which could be used as catalysts in a series of degradation reactions. Enzymatic transesterification of crude palm oil with methanol was studied. The enzymes from the three bacterial strains with the most significant transesterification reactions were tested for yield of biodiesel by changing the molar ratio of alcohol to crude palm oil and by changing reaction temperature. The molar ratio of methanol to crude palm oil was varied in the range from 3:1 to 4:1. The reaction temperature was varied from 35°C to 60°C. It was found that the optimum ratio of methanol to crude palm oil is 3:1 and the optimum reaction temperature is 40°C.
Plant diversity effect on soil carbon dynamics

II CONTENTS . V CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: GLOBAL EFFECTS OF PLANT LITTER ALTERATIONS ON SOIL CO2 TO THE ATMOSPHERE . 4 2.1 Abstract . 4 2.2 Introduction . 5 2.3 Materials and Methods . 9 2.3.1 Data collection . 9 2.3.2 Data analysis . 10 2.4 Results . 13 2.5 Discussion . 18 CHAPTER 3: PLANT DIVERSITY LOSS REDUCES SOIL RESPIRATION ACROSS TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS . 24 3.1 Abstract . 24 3.2 Introduction . 25 3.3 Materials and Methods . 28 3.3.1 Data collection . 28 3.3.2 Data analysis . 30 3.3.3 Structural equation modeling . 33 3.4 Result . 34 3.5 Discussion . 40 vi CHAPTER 4: PLANT DIVERSITY INCREASES SOIL CARBON: A GLOBAL METAANALYSIS . 44 4.1 Abstract . 44 4.2 Introduction . 44 4.3 Materials and Methods . 49 4.3.1 Data collection . 49 4.3.2 Data analysis . 52 4.4 Results . 55 4.5 Discussion . 64 4.5.1 Plant species mixture effects on SOC . 64 4.5.2 Plant species mixture effect on SMBC . 67 4.5.3 Implications for future research and soil management strategies . 69 4.6 Conclusion . 72 CHAPTER 5: WATER AVAILABILITY REGULATES NEGATIVE SPECIES MIXTURE EFFECTS ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS . 74 5.1 Abstract . 74 5.2 Introduction . 75 5.3 Methods. 79 5.3.1 Site description. 79 5.3.2 Experimental design. 80 5.3.3 Field measurements . 82 5.3.4 Soil collection and pH analysis . 83 5.3.5 Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis . 83 vii 5.3. 6 Data analysis . 84 5.4 Results . 86 5.5 Discussion . 100 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL CONCLUSION . 104 REFERENCES . 107 APPENDIX I: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR CHAPTER 2 . 126 APPENDIX II: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR CHAPTER 3 . 133 APPENDIX III: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR CHAPTER 4. 151 Included. 162 Identification . 162 Eligibility . 162 Screening . 162 APPENDIX IV: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR CHAPTER 5 . 165
Study on Chemical Constituents of Cuscuta chinensis Lam

OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.METHODS The chemical constituents of Cuscuta chinensis Lam were isolated and purified by silica gel,LH-20 column chromatography and preparation HPLC,etc.Their structures were identified by means of spectra comparison with authentic samples.RESULTS Ten compounds were obtained and identified as 5,3′-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4′-tetramethoxy flavone(Ⅰ),5,3′-dihydroxy-6,7,4′-tritermethoxy flavone(Ⅱ),5,7,3′-triterhydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxy flavone(Ⅲ),quercetin(Ⅳ),hyperoside(Ⅴ),kaempferol(Ⅵ),5,7,3′-triterhydroxy-4′-methoxy flavone(Ⅶ),luteolin(Ⅷ),3-methoxy-chrysoeriol-4′-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅸ),and luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅹ). CONCLUSION Compounds Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅶ,Ⅸ and Ⅹare isolated from this plant for the first time.
Subsolidus isothermal fractional crystallization

Abstract In theory, multicomponent silicate liquids of minimum or eutectic composition should crystallize their solidus phases simultaneously and in their invariant proportions. In reality, the crystallization of those liquids of granitic composition produces sequential assemblages and normal fractional crystallization of solid solutions when crystallization commences at or along an isotherm well below the solidus of the system. The sequence of mineral assemblages derives principally from their relative stabilities, as measured by the Gibbs free energy change for the reaction of melt to crystals in the metastable region below the liquidus surface, rather than chemical concentration alone. Whereas crystallization close to the solidus (ΔT ≈ 50 °C) promotes the simultaneous (eutectic) crystallization of quartz and feldspars that leads to the formation of granite, large liquidus undercooling (ΔT ≈ 200 °C) produces sequential assemblages from the margins to centers of melt bodies. The liquidus undercooling that drives subsolidus isothermal fractional crystallization is the single-most important process for the generation of zoned granitic pegmatites.
Physico-chemical and sensory properties of Plaa-som, a Thai fermented fish product prepared by using low sodium chloride substitutes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the partial replacement of sodium chloride (25, 50, and 75%, w/w) by potassium chloride and calcium chloride. The fermented fish were analyzed in terms of pH, total acidity, salt content, thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) value, water activity (aw), texture profile analysis, color values and sensory evaluation. During fermentation, the decrease of pH and aw were observed in all samples (p<0.05). However, fish fermented with calcium chloride had lower pH than that with potassium chloride. This result was in accordance with the increase of total acidity. The samples contained lower sodium chloride content than the 100% NaCl (formulation I) (p<0.05). TBARS value was increased during fermentation, however, 100% NaCl (formulation I) had significantly higher TBARS value than the others samples (p<0.05). Differences in hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, weight loss and color values were also observed during fermentation. Fish fermented using calcium chloride replacement showed higher hardness, adhesiveness and springiness than other samples (p<0.05). The result of sensory evaluation revealed that fish fermented with 25 and 50% potassium chloride had the highest overall acceptance scores compared with the calcium chloride replacement (p<0.05), however, no significant difference 100% NaCl (formulation I).
Role of nitri oxide-responsive repressor NsrR in global transcription control

Kommineni, S and Nakano, M. M. Global transcriptional regulation by nitric oxide sensing regulator, NsrR under anaerobic conditions in Bacillus subtilis. American Society for Microbiology (ASM) 2012 General Meeting, June 16-19, 2012. San Francisco, CA.
Local Site Distribution of Oxygen in Silicon-Rich Oxide Thin Films: A Tool to Investigate Phase Separation

Thin films of nonstoichiometric silicon oxide (SiOx with x < 2) have been studied extensively during the past few decades because of their importance in many electronic and optoelectronic applications, and particular attention has been paid to models that can better describe their global structure. Herein, we present a detailed study of SiOx films deposited on silicon(111) and silica substrates using the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method by thermal oxidation of silane in an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature of 570 °C. The oxygen and silane flows in the reactor were varied to obtain films with different values of oxygen content x. Ellipsometry and m-line measurements were used to determine the complex refractive index of the deposited films. The oxygen contents in the films were measured by infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-ERDA). The oxygen contents in the films were also estimated from the meas.
Shaping of Alginate–Silica Hybrid Materials into Microspheres through Vibrating-Nozzle Technology and Their Use for the Recovery of Neodymium from Aqueous Solutions

The vibrating-nozzle technology is very interesting to very easily and very rapidly produce industrial amounts of functional microspheres. The technology was used to make hybrid alginate–silica microspheres by droplet coagulation. The microspheres were formed starting from suspensions of sodium alginate, and coagulation occurred in an aqueous solution of calcium ions. To enhance the mechanical properties of the alginate raw material, it was combined with two different silica sources: tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and commercial silica powder. The two different batches of alginate–silica microspheres were fully compared with regard to their morphology, composition, shrinking behavior, and stability in acidic conditions. It was shown that the incorporation of an inorganic matrix resulted in a material with a better stabilized porous structure and a higher resistance in an acidic environment. Both are important when functional particles are designed to be used for adsorption of metal ions, either as a sti.
Binding Characteristics of Glucocorticoid Receptors on Synaptic Plasma Membrane from Rats

Objective To develop Binding characteristics of glucocorticoid receptors on synaptic plasma membrane from rats. Methods The synaptic plasma membrane(SPM) was prepared from rat brains and there was no cytosolic contamination.The marked enzyme-LDH was used for monitoring the SPM purity. Results(The radioligand binding) assay showed that the radio labeled ligand corticosterone to SPM was in a saturable manner.The saturation binding curve was "S" shaped and the convex curve in scatchard plot revealed a positive cooperativity.The binding capacity was(450.20±28.20) nmol·L~(-1). Various steroids bound with corticosterone specific binding sites on SPM were in the following order: aldosterone corticosterone ≈ cortisol progesterone testosterone ≈ estradiol desamethasone. Conclusion There were glucocorticoid receptors on SPM.
Phase Equilibria of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Clathrate Hydrates in the Presence of Aqueous Solutions of Tributylmethylphosphonium Methylsulfate Ionic Liquid

The effect of a tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate ionic liquid (IL) aqueous solution on the equilibrium conditions of carbon dioxide and methane clathrate hydrates was studied. An isochoric pressure-search method was used to measure the hydrate dissociation conditions for the carbon dioxide + tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate + water and methane + tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate + water systems in the temperature ranges of (273.5 to 282.2) K and (273.3 to 288.5) K, and pressures up to (4.35 and 14.77) MPa, respectively. The concentrations of tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate in the aqueous solutions were 0, 0.2611, and 0.5007 mass fractions. The good agreement between our experimental hydrate dissociation data in the absence of tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate with selected literature experimental data demonstrates the reliability of the experimental method used in this work. The comparison between the hydrate dissociation conditions in the presence and absence of tributyl.