Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Structural Damage Detection

A novel artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to detect structural damage via modal and frequency analyses is proposed (named as TCABC algorithm). Compared to the standard ABC algorithm, tabu search method and chaotic search method are adopted in the proposed algorithm to enhance the exploration and exploitation ability. The tabu search method uses a memory function to avoid the solution being trapped in a local minimum, which increases the exploitation ability. Chaotic search method generates more searching points for finding the global minimum, which increases the exploration ability. Additionally, the first roulette wheel selection is replaced by the tournament selection to enhance the global searching ability of the TCABC algorithm. Several explicit test functions and an implicit damage detection function are employed to check the numerical results obtained from ABC and TCABC algorithms. Afterward, the damage detection accuracy of the TCABC algorithm is verified under different circumstances, and several recommendations are given for using the TCABC algorithm to detect structural damages under actual conditions. Finally, an experimental study is applied to examine the performance of TCABC algorithm for damage detection. The results show the following: (1) compared to traditional ABC algorithm, TCABC algorithm performs better; (2) fewer groups lead to faster convergence as demonstrated by both algorithms used in the same damage situation; (3) TCABC algorithm can infer the locations and extents of the damage when the groupings are inaccurate; (4) the accuracy of the field test data profoundly affects the precision of the damage detection results. In other words, stronger noises result in worse identification results; (5) whether or not the noises exist, the more data are measured, the more accurate the results can be achieved; (6) the TCABC algorithm can efficiently detect structural damage in the experimental study.
PREDICTION OF THE FLOW FIELD IN VENTILATED ROOMS USING DIFFERENT TURBULENCE MODELS

This paper utilizes four turbulence models to predict the airflow field inside ventilated rooms. These models are namely the standard k–ε, RNG based k–ε, Low-Reynolds number and extended k-ε (Chen-Kim) models. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to solve the basic equations of mass and momentum conservation in the primitive form together with the equations of turbulence model. A model room is used to obtain some flow characteristics such as velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distributions along the flow field. To test the ability of different turbulence models for predicting the airflow field, the numerical results from the proposed models are compared with the published experimental results. To extra validation, a suitable room with inlet and outlet openings of air is designed and fabricated to obtain the velocity distribution. Also, numerical findings are compared to the measured results of vertical velocity distribution inside ventilated rooms. Comparisons declare that the extended standard k-ε (Chen-Kim) model can be used to predict the airflow field inside closed rooms equipped with forced ventilation systems more accurately when compared to other different turbulence models. ةلذ و ةةيوهى ياةت ىةل لوةىحى ىةىلا ةةقلغملا نكاملأا لخاد ءاوهلل ىبارطضلإا نايرسلا ةسارد ثحبلا اذه ضرعي :ىه ةفلىخم ةيضاير جذام ةعبرأ يادخىسإب standard k–ε, RNG based k-ε , Low-Reynolds number, extended k-ε (Chen-Kim) ؛ عئاوملا اكيما يدل ىباسح جذوم يادخىسا يى (CFD) ةجىا لا تلاداعملا عم رحىلا ةيمك و ةلىكلا ءاقب تلاداعم لحل دكأىلل و ؛ ةيبارطضلإا ةكرحلا ةقاط و ة رسلا لثم نايرسلا صئاصخ ضعبل ةساردلا تيرجإ دقو ؛بارطضلإا ن ذام لا جئاى نم ةقداةصملا نةم ديزمل و . نيرخلآ لبق نم ترش ةيلم جئاى عم اهى راقم تمى ةمدحىسملا ةيضايرلا ج ؛ءاوةهلل جورةخ و لوةخد ىىحىف ىل لوىحى ةفرغ ىكاحي ىلم جذوم ذيف ى و ييمصى يى ؛ ةيضايرلا جذام لا جئاى ل ةفرغلاب هفلىخم نكامأ ىف ىسأرلا هاجىلإا ىف ة رسلا عيزوى سايق يى ثيح ىةىلا ةةيرت لا جئاةى لا نيةب ة راقملا تمى ؛ نأ ةة راقملا تحةضوأ دةق و ؛ ة رسلا عيزوىل ةيلمعلا تاسايقلا و عبرلأا ةيضايرلا جذام لا نم اهيل لوصحلا نكمأ جذوم يادخىسإ Chen-Kim عةم اةقفاوى رةثكأ جئاةى ىطعي ةقلغملا نكاملإا لخاد ءاوهلل ىبارطضلإا نايرسلاب ؤب ىلل جئاى لا لرخلأا جذام لا جئاى ب ة راقم ةيلمعلا .
Video-Based Detection Infrastructure Enhancement for Automated Ship Recognition and Behavior Analysis

Video-based detection infrastructure is crucial for promoting connected and autonomous shipping (CAS) development, which provides critical on-site traffic data for maritime participants. Ship behavior analysis, one of the fundamental tasks for fulfilling smart video-based detection infrastructure, has become an active topic in the CAS community. Previous studies focused on ship behavior analysis by exploring spatial-temporal information from automatic identification system (AIS) data, and less attention was paid to maritime surveillance videos. To bridge the gap, we proposed an ensemble you only look once (YOLO) framework for ship behavior analysis. First, we employed the convolutional neural network in the YOLO model to extract multi-scaled ship features from the input ship images. Second, the proposed framework generated many bounding boxes (i.e., potential ship positions) based on the object confidence level. Third, we suppressed the background bounding box interferences, and determined ship detection results with intersection over union (IOU) criterion, and thus obtained ship positions in each ship image. Fourth, we analyzed spatial-temporal ship behavior in consecutive maritime images based on kinematic ship information. The experimental results have shown that ships are accurately detected (i.e., both of the average recall and precision rate were higher than 90%) and the historical ship behaviors are successfully recognized. The proposed framework can be adaptively deployed in the connected and autonomous vehicle detection system in the automated terminal for the purpose of exploring the coupled interactions between traffic flow variation and heterogeneous detection infrastructures, and thus enhance terminal traffic network capacity and safety.
The effect of river training structures on flood heights on the Middle Mississippi River

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) uses river training structures in the Middle Mississippi River to accomplish their mission of providing a safe and dependable navigation channel. The Corps continues to monitor the physical effects of these structures on bathymetry, velocity and water surfaces. This paper discusses the research conducted to further the understanding of the effect of river training structures on water surfaces. This comprehensive study conducted by both the Corps and external experts from other federal agencies and academia in the fields of river data collection, river engineering, geomorphology, hydraulics and statistics, included an analysis of past research, all available gage data, historic measurement techniques and instrumentation and their effect on the rating curve and specific gage analysis. These studies all lead to the conclusion that river training structures do not have an effect on water surfaces at higher flows.
The Welfare Effects of Trade With Labour Market Risk

This paper evaluates the welfare effects of trade in a setting with risk averse workers and uncertainty in labour market outcomes. We provide conditions under which a small change in relative prices due to trade reduces welfare in both a static as well as a dynamic economy. Finally, we develop a quantitative model to examine the effect of large price changes due to trade and show that for a realistic calibration that gains from trade exist for reasonable changes in relative prices but the gains are smaller than in a world with risk neutral individuals.
Opening the Floodgates: Immigration and Structural Change∗

This paper investigates the impact of a large shock to labor supply on industry growth and structural change. The EU enlargement of 2004 and 2007 lead to an unprecedented migration wave to Norway. The country received the largest number of migrants relative to country size, compared to all other developed countries, over the ensuing decade. We develop a simple factor-proportions theory and sufficient statistic approach that can be used to identify the aggregate impact of a labor supply shock across occupations on industry growth. Using detailed data on industry performance, immigration by occupation and occupational characteristics, we introduce a new instrument that exploits the fact that language barriers in the Norwegian labor market are significant for foreign workers and that they vary across occupations and source countries. Our results point to migration leading to large adjustments in industry size, and in particular to sectors of the economy that are intensive in the use of immigrant occupations. ∗We would like to thank seminar participants at Yale and University of Oslo for valuable comments and discussion. †Frisch Centre, bernt.bratsberg@frisch.uio. no ‡University of Oslo & CEPR, andreas.moxnes@econ.uio. no §Frisch Centre, oddbjorn.raaum@frisch.uio. no ¶University of Oslo & CEPR, k.h. ulltveit-moe@econ.uio. no 1
Application of Silica Nanoparticles Induces Seed Germination and Growth of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Five rates of nano-silica (NS) suspensions (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L-1) were used to study their effects on seed germination and growth development of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The rate of 200 mg L-1 significantly increased final germination%, germination speed, vigor index, and germination index by 28.7, 70.3, 46.7 and 68.8 %, respectively, compared to untreated seeds. However, it reduced the mean germination time by 31.7%. Similarly, 200 mg L-1 NS had the highest fresh and dry weight of germinant. However, all NS treatments enhanced the seed germination and growth development in comparison to control.
University of Southern Denmark Modeling and Performance Simulation of a Retail Store as a Smart Grid Ready Building Jradi,

The increasing distributed generation of renewable energy and alternative energy generation technologies is making it important to consider when and how buildings consume energy from a cost and sustainability perspective. If buildings can be flexible in their consumption patterns they can use the greenest and most efficient produced energy and help solve gridside imbalances with cost benefits. Building modeling and simulation can provide an effective method for evaluating flexibility opportunities in buildings. However, most building loads depend on the occupant presence and dynamic interactions between different building components. Therefore, occupant presence and different interactions have to be taken into account when developing the energy performance model and when evaluating the simulation results for flexibility. In particular, this is key in the retail sector which this paper considers as the case. In this paper we present a detailed simulation model of a supermarket, evaluate different flexibility scenarios and discuss the flexibility results in light of an ethnographic study of the work processes and the store operation.
Relationship between brand association and customer loyalty: The case of online retail industry

Article history: Received: November 4, 2019 Received in revised format: November 29 2019 Accepted: December 12, 2019 Available online: December 12, 2019 The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between two main dimensions, Brand Association and Customer Loyalty. Besides, the research is also conducted to test other relevant networks of Brand Awareness, Brand Equity and Customers’ Willing To Pay. A survey of which questionnaires using Likert Scale to online retailers’ customers in the North, Central, and the South (8 largest cities in Vietnam) was conducted to collect the data including 380 personally responded answers. Scale Test, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were used to prove concrete relationships amongst variances, understand factors, analyze the Goodness of Fit of the Measurement model and bring about regression weights, respectively. The results authenticated that Brand Association and Brand Awareness produce remarkable effects on Customer Loyalty. Brand Association holds a cardinal importance to Customers’ Willing To Pay. Not only can the findings be of substance for academic purpose but also they make a great contribution to the development of companies of which Customer’s Loyalty is the lynch pin. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Characterizing Framing Agency in Design Team Discourse

Purpose. To make course-based, undergraduate design projects more manageable, instructors often reduce or remove the open-ended quality, which in turn limits opportunities for students to learn to frame design problems. Here we introduce and characterize the construct, framing agency, which involves taking up opportunities to make consequential decisions about design problems and how to proceed in learning and developing solutions. Methodology. We employed a multi-case study design, selecting cases of student design teams across different sites and levels, all in undergraduate engineering courses. Teams were audio/video recorded during their design process. We adapted a functional linguistics tool [1] to identify markers of agency in students’ design discourse, comparing and contrasting the cases to illuminate the nuances of framing agency. We also identified learning versus task-completion orientations. Results. All students exhibited agency in some form, but not all exhibited framing agency. Analysis suggests that framing agency, when exhibited, is commonly shared across collaborating designers and tentative in nature early in the design process. Students who exhibited framing agency tended to adopt a learning rather than taskcompletion orientation. Students who exhibited agency, but not framing agency, made decisions that foregrounded accuracy and efficiency at the expense of exploring tentative ideas, and tended to treat the problem as having a single right answer. Conclusions. We argue that how students negotiate design problem framing depends on whether or not they consider the design problem relevant and authentic, the belief that each member brings different and potentially useful information to the task, and the opportunity to iterate design ideas over time. Framing agency provides a lens for understanding the kinds of design learning experiences students need to direct their own learning and negotiate that learning with peers in design projects.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFE-TIME NOISE EXPOSURE AND EXPERIENCE OF TINNITUS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY (IIUM) KUANTAN

Introduction: Clinical studies have shown that people suffering from tinnitus are at a high risk of developing serious psychological disturbances or serious psychological distress (Erlandsson & Widen, 2004 in Hiller and Goebel, 1998). Thus the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between life-time noise exposure and tinnitus experience among young adults in IIUM Kuantan. Methods: A cross sectional study was used to determine whether there is any association between tinnitus experiences and life-time noise exposure among 11 young adults in IIUM Kuantan from age of 18 to 35 years old who are exposed to the noise. Hearing assessment was done using otoscopy, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire on tinnitus experience, and were fitted with a noise dosimeter that measured their noise exposure during waking hours. Values collected from dosimeter were then converted into cumulative life-time noise exposure which refers to the equivalent noise exposure per year (Jokitulppo, Tolvenen & Bjork, 2005). Results: Average cumulative life-time noise exposure of the participants is 72.54 dBA ± 6.9459. Fifty five percent (55%) reported of sometimes having tinnitus. No correlation was found between cumulative life-time noise exposure and tinnitus experience. Conclusion: The cumulative life-time noise exposure among young adults in IIUM Kuantan was found to be lower than the level considered as hazardous. Despite reports of tinnitus experience, there was no evidence that the tinnitus was due to noise exposure.
A Reliability Check of Walkability Indices in Seoul, Korea

The purpose of this study is to evaluate walkability levels using popular indices and check the measurement reliability between those indices. This study evaluates the city of Seoul, using 100 × 100 m grid points (N = 44,000) as spatial units of analysis. In this study, four types of indices were used to measure walkability levels: Walkability index (WI), Walk score (WS), Pedshed (Ps), and Movability index (MI). This study utilizes Pearson’s R, Brand–Altman plot with limit of agreement (LOA), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as reliability check methods. The measurement reliability among the four indices was found to be relatively high. The Pearson’s R values were between 0.308 and 0.645, and the range of inside LOA of Brand–Altman plots was 94.5% to 95.5%. The ICC value of the four indices was 0.544, indicating moderate reliability. The results reveal a relatively high level of measurement reliability between the four indices. On the basis of this study’s results, the level of walkability in other cities in Korea can be ascertained. The study may provide future direction for walkability index development that considers urban environmental characteristics. From the results, we expect that future urban planning and policies will aim to improve walkability.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND DOMESTIC INVESTMENT AS DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOUTH AFRICA

The South African economy has made great strides since its advent to democracy in 1994. However, South Africa is constrained by its continuous policy uncertainty generated by the South African government. This has resulted in poor sector performance, declining investments and slow economic growth. Investment, nonetheless, plays a crucial role in growing the South African economy. As such, policymakers often debate whether to focus on FDI or domestic investment, especially in developing countries. In order to point out where most government resources should be allocated, this study will investigate which type of investment ? FDI or domestic investment ? will have the most significant impact on economic growth in South Africa. This study makes use of the autoregressive distributive lag model (ARDL) over the period 1994 to 2018 to determine the impact of both FDI and domestic investment on economic growth in the short- and long-run. The study concludes that when policymakers seek to harness the potential of investment to encourage economic growth, they should not be distinguishing whether domestic or foreign investment should be a priority, but rather, what can be done to make the two forms of investment work together to achieve optimal benefits for the growth of the economy?
Inhibition of PERK Signaling Prevents Against Glucocorticoid-induced Endotheliocyte Apoptosis and Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Vascular injury is considered an important pathological process during glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). In this study, we tried to investigate whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is triggered in the GC-induced endotheliocyte (EC) apoptosis and ONFH. The results showed that a GC upregulated the expression of ER stress-related proteins, and PERK-CHOP signaling played an important role and induced EC apoptosis. The inhibition of PERK by GSK2656157 significantly decreased the GC-induced EC apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, thus protecting a rat model from vascular injury and significantly preventing GC-induced ONFH.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF ECONOMIC LINKAGE BETWEEN ENTERPRISES AND FARMERS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION, VIETNAM

Preferential policies launched and implemented from 2002 is to encourage and promote linkages between businesses and farmers in Vietnam but the effect is not as potential as expected. While the impact of international economic integration requires businesses and farmers as well as other stakeholders in the value chain of agricultural production must be interconnected in order to improve competitiveness, efficiency social that contribute to the development of sustainable agriculture. This study based on multivariable regression stardard which analyzes factors affecting the efficiency cooperation between businesses – farmers in Vietnam. The research results show that there are both indirect and direct factors affecting the efficiency linkage. Firstly, the indirect factors include (i) Economic efficiency of farmers, (ii) Environment policy – institutions, (iii) The commitment and reliance, (iv) The sharing of benefits and risks, (v) Management skills and business capacity of enterprises. Secondly, The direct factor is the Result linkage. Key word: Affiliate between enterprises and farmers; Sustainable agricultural development; Distribution system;Vietnam;
The Effect of Air Pollution on some Biochemical Parameters of Leaves of Three Tree Species Growing in the Industrial Area in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

The effect of industrial emissions on the levels of certain biochemical measurements in leaves of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), and Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) trees growing in the industrial zone in Jeddah Saudi Arabia and Hada Al-Shame area (control) was done. Overall results showed that the content of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein in the plant leaf of the trees growing in the industrial zone were less comparing with the leaves of the trees growing in the control area.
Corporate Governance Reforms Around the World: The Effect on Corporate Social Responsibility

This study examines the effect of major corporate governance reforms on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in countries around the world. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find robust evidence that worldwide corporate governance reforms result in an increase in CSR performance in both the environmental and social dimensions. Relative to countries with comply-or-explain reforms, countries with rule-based reforms tend to experience a greater increase in CSR performance post-reform. In addition, the effect of reforms on CSR performance is more pronounced for firms with higher levels of institutional ownership or lower levels of insider ownership and in countries with weaker CSR awareness and a more stringent legal and regulatory environment. Further analyses show that the reforms strengthen the relation between CSR and future financial performance. Collectively, our evidence suggests that increases in substantive CSR investment represent a potential channel through which corporate governance reforms can increase shareholder value and that the effectiveness of reforms varies with both firmand country-level characteristics related to the relative influence of external shareholders.