Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of tropical Atlantic meridional dipole of sea surface temperature anomalies on Antarctic autumn sea ice

Antarctic sea ice plays an important role in polar ecosystems and global climate, while its variability is affected by many factors. Teleconnections between the tropical and high latitudes have profound impacts on Antarctic climate changes through the stationary Rossby wave mechanism. Recent studies have connected long-term Antarctic sea ice changes to multidecadal variabilities of the tropical ocean, including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. On interannual timescales, whether an impact exists from teleconnection of the tropical Atlantic is not clear. Here we find an impact of sea surface temperature (SST) variability of the tropical Atlantic meridional dipole mode on Antarctic sea ice that is most prominent in austral autumn. The meridional dipole SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic force deep convection anomalies locally and over the tropical Pacific, generating stationary Rossby wave trains propagating eastward and poleward, which induce atmospheric circulation anomalies affecting sea ice. Specifically, convective anomalies over the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific are opposite-signed, accompanied by anomalous wave sources over the subtropical Southern Hemisphere. The planetary-scale atmospheric response has significant impacts on sea ice concentration anomalies in the Ross Sea, near the Antarctic Peninsula, and east of the Weddell Sea.
Severely Degraded Underwater Image Enhancement with a Wavelet-based Network

—Underwater images are important in marine science and ocean engineering fields owing to giving color information, low cost, and compact. Yet obtained underwater images are often degraded and restoring and enhancing wavelength selective signal attenuation of underwater images depending on complex underwater physical process is essential in practical application. While recently developed deep learning is a promising choice, constructing sufficiently large dataset covering whole real images is challenging, peculiar to underwater image processing. In order to supplement relatively small dataset, previous studies alternatively construct an artificial underwater image dataset based on a physical model or Generative Adversarial Network. Also, incorporating traditional signal processing methods into the network architecture has shown promising success, though enhancement of severely degraded underwater images remains to be a big issue. In this paper, we tackle underwater image enhancement based on an encoder-decoder based deep learning model incorporating discrete wavelet transform and whitening and coloring transform. We also construct a severely degraded real underwater image dataset. The presented model shows excellent results both qualitatively and quantitatively in the artificial and real image dataset. Constructed dataset is available at https://github.com/tkswalk/2022-IJACSA.
Sequential Detection of Replay Attacks with a Parsimonious Watermarking Policy

In this paper, we have proposed a technique for Bayesian sequential detection of replay attacks on networked control systems with a constraint on the average number of watermarking (ANW) events used during normal system operations. Such a constraint limits the increase in the control cost due to watermarking. To determine the optimal sequence regarding the addition or otherwise of watermarking signals, first, we formulate an infinite horizon stochastic optimal control problem with a termination state. Then applying the value iteration approach, we find an optional policy that minimizes the average detection delay (ADD) for fixed upper bounds on the false alarm rate (FAR) and ANW. The optimal policy turns out to be a two thresholds policy on the posterior probability of attack. We derive approximate expressions of ADD and FAR as functions of the two derived thresholds and a few other parameters. A simulation study on a single-input single-output system illustrates that the proposed method improves the control cost considerably at the expense of small increases in ADD. We also perform simulation studies to validate the derived theoretical results.
Quadratic Functionals in Variational Analysis and Control Theory

Part 1 Self-adjoint linear differential systems: Picone's identity disconjugacy oscillation. Part 2 Riccati matrix differential equations: inequalities index results asymptotics. Part 3 Matrix analysis: oscillatory and asymptotic behaviour of monotone matrix-valued functions. Part 4 Topics in linear control theory: controllability and strong observability construction of observers canonical forms arbitary pole assignment. Part 5 Self-adjoint eigenvalue problems for linear Hamiltonian systems: oscillation Sturmian theory comparison and existence of eigenvlaues Rayleigh's principle expansion theorems. Part 6 Applications: the optimal linear regulator and Rayleigh's principle Sturm-Liouville and Kamke eigenvalue problems nonnegativity of quadratic functionals variational principles. (Part contents).
Foreign Military Intervention and Cabinet Government Stability

Cabinet governments are the most prevalent form of democratic rule and studies of cabinet government duration are common. These studies tend to focus on the domestic influences associated with cabinet longevity, not the impact that foreign policy decisions may have. We begin to address this gap in the literature by analyzing the effect that one particularly visible foreign policy decision, the initiation of a foreign military intervention, has on cabinet duration. We argue that the consequential decision to send troops abroad and possibly into harm’s way holds the potential to reset a country’s policy agenda. Such a reset can, in turn, prove beneficial for cabinet longevity. In Cox proportional survival analyses of 563 cabinets from 26 European countries between 1946 and 2008, we find that foreign military intervention does have a significant impact on government duration. Governments that dispatched soldiers overseas on supportive or neutral missions lasted significantly longer than those that did not, even after controlling for numerous alternative explanations of cabinet duration. Research on cabinet stability would thus benefit from looking beyond the domestic conditions commonly associated with longevity. The impact of foreign policy decisions should be considered as well.
Benchmark datasets for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance bioinformatics

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread globally and is being surveilled with an international genome sequencing effort. Surveillance consists of sample acquisition, library preparation, and whole genome sequencing. This has necessitated a classification scheme detailing Variants of Concern (VOC) and Variants of Interest (VOI), and the rapid expansion of bioinformatics tools for sequence analysis. These bioinformatic tools are means for major actionable results: maintaining quality assurance and checks, defining population structure, performing genomic epidemiology, and inferring lineage to allow reliable and actionable identification and classification. Additionally, the pandemic has required public health laboratories to reach high throughput proficiency in sequencing library preparation and downstream data analysis rapidly. However, both processes can be limited by a lack of a standardized sequence dataset. Methods We identified six SARS-CoV-2 sequence datasets from recent publications, public databases and internal resources. In addition, we created a method to mine public databases to identify representative genomes for these datasets. Using this novel method, we identified several genomes as either VOI/VOC representatives or non-VOI/VOC representatives. To describe each dataset, we utilized a previously published datasets format, which describes accession information and whole dataset information. Additionally, a script from the same publication has been enhanced to download and verify all data from this study. Results The benchmark datasets focus on the two most widely used sequencing platforms: long read sequencing data from the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform and short read sequencing data from the Illumina platform. There are six datasets: three were derived from recent publications; two were derived from data mining public databases to answer common questions not covered by published datasets; one unique dataset representing common sequence failures was obtained by rigorously scrutinizing data that did not pass quality checks. The dataset summary table, data mining script and quality control (QC) values for all sequence data are publicly available on GitHub: https://github.com/CDCgov/datasets-sars-cov-2. Discussion The datasets presented here were generated to help public health laboratories build sequencing and bioinformatics capacity, benchmark different workflows and pipelines, and calibrate QC thresholds to ensure sequencing quality. Together, improvements in these areas support accurate and timely outbreak investigation and surveillance, providing actionable data for pandemic management. Furthermore, these publicly available and standardized benchmark data will facilitate the development and adjudication of new pipelines.
A 22-m Operation Range Semi-Passive UHF RFID Sensor Tag With Flexible Thermoelectric Energy Harvester

This article presents a wireless temperature sensor tag able to work in both fully passive mode and in semi-passive mode when assisted by a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG). The sensor tag consists of an EPC C1G2/ISO 18000-6C ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) integrated circuit (IC) connected to a low-power microcontroller unit (MCU) that samples and collects the temperature from a digital temperature sensor. With a temperature gradient as low as 2.5 °C, the test results show that the TEG provides an output power of 400 $\mu$ W with an output voltage of 40mV. Bymeans of an up-converter in order to boost the TEG output voltage, this harvester supplies the power required to the sensor tag for a 2-conv/s data rate in semi-passive mode. Moreover, when the tag operates in semi-passive mode, a communication range of 22.2 m is measured for a 2-W effective radiated power (ERP) reader. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed TEG-assisted sensor tag shows the longest communication range and the only one that provides stable external power at low-temperature gradients. The measured performance and the chosen architecture allow using the wireless sensor in multiple industrial or biomedical applications.
Dual homogenization of immiscible steady two‐phase flows in random porous media

We develop a dual conductivity‐resistivity homogenization for immiscible steady two‐phase flow in heterogeneous, spatially correlated, random porous media. The objective is to obtain macroscale equations for an equivalent homogeneous medium. We assume that the flow is governed locally by the generalized Darcy equations. Two formulations are developed, one in terms of capillary pressure pc and the other in terms of saturation s. In each case the perturbation approach is used to express average and fluctuation equations, and the closure problems are solved using the Wiener‐Kinchine spectral theory. The macroscale permeability Kea and resistivity Rea tensors are determined for each fluid a, which also yield the relative permeabilities. These dual results provide a physically consistent correction of the perturbation‐based tensors. The corrected macroscale tensors are then always positive, symmetric, and reciprocal to each other. We also develop, similarly, the homogenization of the capillary pressure curve pc(x, θ) and of its reciprocal θ(x, pc), where θ is the wetting fluid content. Finally, these general analytical results are applied to the special case where 〈∇pc〉 ≈ 0 and/or 〈∇θ〉 ≈ 0, which can be interpreted as a mean capillary equilibrium.
Dimethylformamide clusters: non-covalent bondings, structures and temperature-dependence

Thermodynamics properties as well as infrared spectra of liquids can be determined using the quantum cluster equilibrium (QCE) theory. The QCE theory requires the knowledge of the structures of the clusters formed by the solvent molecules. In prelude to this determination, in this work, we studied the non-covalent bondings, the structures and the temperature-dependence of the clusters of dimethylformamide (DMF) from dimer to tetramer. To perform this study, we used classical molecular dynamics to sample initial geometries of DMF clusters. Then, optimisation of the geometries is carried out at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. Besides, we carried out a quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis. The results show that the structures of the DMF dimer exhibit a stacking configuration, and mainly stabilised by CH··· O hydrogen bondings. For the DMF trimer and DMF tetramer, the structures exhibit an amorphous behaviour. Moreover, it has been found that the CH··· O hydrogen bondings are the main non-covalent bondings in DMF clusters. CH··· C, CH··· N, N··· O, N··· C, C··· O and H··· H bonding interactions are also located in the studied DMF clusters. In addition, the temperature-dependence study shows that only isomers with relative energy within ∼ 1.0 kcal/mol have meaningful contribution to the population of DMF clusters. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Anatomical Observation of Different Shapes of Foramen Magnum and Its Clinical Implications: A Study in Dry Adult Human Skulls of Indian Population

Background: Understanding of thoroughly explained anatomical basis is must for various surgical approaches at the craniovertebral junction. High mortality and morbidity are anticipated during the surgical procedures when undertaken without in depth anatomical knowledge. With so much clinical importance in this area, our study will present a thorough understanding in terms of skull. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the various shapes of foramen magnum in dry adult human skulls of Indian population and to find out their clinical correlation. Materials and methods: 347 dried adult human skull base obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan and other medical colleges were used in the present study. All the dry adult human skulls were observed from outer side at their base by naked eyes to determine the shape of foramen magnum. It was classified into one of the following shapes: - Oval, round, tetragonal, egg shaped, hexagonal, pentagonal and irregular. Results: The shape of the foramen magnum in dry skulls were oval in 44.95%, round in 30.84%, hexagonal in 9.23%, irregular in 6.63%, pentagonal in 5.19%, tetragonal in 1.73 %, and egg shaped in 1.44%. Conclusion: Inferences of the present study in the form of variations in the shapes of foramen magnum will be useful to the neurosurgeons, radiologists, orthopedics, anthropologists, forensic experts as well as anatomists. Further these data can be used as an anatomical reference for the researchers. KEY WORDS: Human Skull, Shape, Foramen Magnum.
The effect of learning cycle 5E+Powtoon on students’ motivation: The concept of animal metamorphosis

During the Covid-19 pandemic period, elementary school students experienced many learning difficulties, which resulted in decreased learning motivation. This study aimed to determine the effect of the 5e+Powtoon learning cycle learning model on learning motivation in science. This quasi-experimental research was conducted at public Elementary School (ES) Teladan Ambon, Maluku. There were two groups, one as the experimental class and another as a control class with 60 students. The research design used was a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group. The instrument used is a learning motivation questionnaire, with a value of validity = 0.769 and reliability = 0.897. The analysis results with ANCOVA showed the value of Sig = 0.000 > alpha (0.05), so applying the 5E+Powtoon model effect students' learning motivation. Thus, the 5e+Powtoon learning cycle can be recommended to increase elementary school students learning motivation. Further research is suggested to compare student motivation in Maluku with other developed countries by using the 5E model with other online learning applications.
Role of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of cervical lymph node tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) of lymph node (TB lymphadenitis) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) whose diagnosis is critically challenging. Although new diagnostic methods have been developed, especially in patients without a history of TB, the cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosis is still elusive. This study assessed the applicability of GeneXpert in early diagnosis of EPTB, especially cervical lymphadenopathy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 at the department of microbiology. All the samples of cervical lymph node tissue and lymph node aspirate were followed as per the routine protocol for mycobacterial identification. The sample was divided into two parts: one was used for the new molecular-based GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and the second one was tested by direct and concentrated acid-fast bacilli microscopy by Z-N staining and culture for the detection of MTB. Results: Among the 145 samples tested, the GeneXpert detected the DNA of MTB in 89 samples (61.37%), whereas the culture test was positive in 42 (28.93%) specimens. GeneXpert also detected 7 rifampicin resistance cases. GeneXpert sensitivity and specificity results were assessed according to culture results. The sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert assay were 85.71% and 48.54%, respectively. Conclusion: GeneXpert MTB/RIF should be used in conjunction with clinical presentation and other molecular investigation in nonrespiratory specimens.
Evaluation of the Cardiac Conduction System in Fibromyalgia Patients With Complaints of Palpitations

Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) on the cardiac conduction system and assess patients’ palpitation complaints using 24-h ambulatory ECG (Holter {Maynard, MA: Northeast Monitoring, Inc.}) monitoring. Methods Ninety patients with FMS and 70 healthy controls were included in this research. ECG was performed on all participants, and ECG parameters were calculated. Holter monitoring was conducted, and the recordings were analyzed. The results of time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated. Results The patient group’s mean age was 38.3±6.3 years. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic or laboratory parameters across the groups (p>0.05). The findings of a 24-h Holter ECG recording did not vary significantly between the groups (p=0.182). In the study group, the values for the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN), low frequency (LF), and low/high frequency (LF/HF), which are known as HRV indicators, were substantially different between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions The study indicated that the risk of arrhythmias did not increase even though FM patients complained of palpitations.
Dexamethasone enhances glucose uptake by SGLT1 and GLUT1 and boosts ATP generation through the PPP-TCA cycle in bovine neutrophils

Background Clinical dexamethasone (DEX) treatment or stress in bovines results in extensive physiological changes with prominent hyperglycemia and neutrophils dysfunction. Objectives To elucidate the effects of DEX treatment in vivo on cellular energy status and the underlying mechanism in circulating neutrophils. Methods We selected eight-month-old male bovines and injected DEX for 3 consecutive days (1 time/d). The levels of glucose, total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood were examined, and we then detected glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, phosphofructosekinase-1 (PFK1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, glucose transporter (GLUT)1, GLUT4, sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 and citrate synthase (CS) protein expression and autophagy levels in circulating neutrophils. Results DEX injection markedly increased blood glucose, TP and TC levels, the Ca2+/P5+ ratio and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and significantly decreased blood IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Particularly in neutrophils, DEX injection inhibited p65-NFκB activation and elevated glycogen and ATP contents and SGLT1, GLUT1 and GR expression while inhibiting PFK1 activity, enhancing G6PDH activity and CS expression and lowering cell autophagy levels. Conclusions DEX induced neutrophils glucose uptake by enhancing SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression and the transformation of energy metabolism from glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This finding gives us a new perspective on deeper understanding of clinical anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on bovine.
A Search for Radio Emission from Extrasolar Planets

All magnetized planets in the solar system emit intense cyclotron maser radiation. Like Jupiter, extrasolar giant planets are probably magnetized. If, in addition, there is a source of energetic (keV) electrons in their magnetospheres, from auroral processes or as a result of magnetic coupling between the planet and a satellite, it is likely that extrasolar planets are cyclotron-maser emitters. Detection and follow-up observations of cyclotron maser radiation from an exoplanet would reveal the presence, strength, and complexity of the planetary magnetic field, the planet's rotation rate, and possibly the presence of an Io-like moon within the planet's magnetosphere. Magnetic fields may be necessary for life to exist on the surface of planets because they provide protection from the nefarious effects of energetic particles of stellar winds, stellar flares, and cosmic rays. We have conducted a search for radio emission from extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs at decimeter and meter wavelengths using the Very Large Array (VLA). We have observed seven extrasolar planets and two brown dwarfs at 333 and 1465 MHz, and one extrasolar planet and one brown dwarf at 74 MHz. Typical (1 σ) sensitivities were 0.02-0.07 mJy at 1465 MHz, 1-10 mJy at 333 MHz, and ~50 mJy at 74 MHz. To date, no detections have been made.
Relic radio galaxies: evolution of synchrotron spectrum

The very steep spectrum radio sources (VSSRSs) found in clusters of galaxies are believed to be relic radio galaxies whose nuclei have ceased their activity. The unusually steep spectra of the sources (α≤−2.0) are explained by the synchrotron losses of energy of relativistic electrons after the cessation of the injection of fresh particles into the radio lobes. Such strongly evolved spectra provide a good opportunity to choose between the two principal models of spectral ageing - that of Kardashev and Pacholczyk (which assumes an anisotropic pitch angle distribution of the relativistic electrons) and that of Jaffe and Perola (which assumes an isotropic distribution of them)