Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Reconstruction Practices in the United States

Background/Aim: We employed a survey to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) to investigate the management of breast reconstruction across the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: An electronic survey on breast reconstruction practice demographics, COVID-19-related restrictions on breast reconstruction, and pertinent dates of restrictions was employed. Results: A total of 228 responses were obtained. Demographics were balanced for geography with most respondents located in either urban or suburban settings (91.2%). The majority proceeded with mastectomy/reconstruction as originally planned (39.0%), followed by hormonal/chemotherapy only (22.6%). The most common reconstructive option was tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction (47.7%). Most institutions implemented restrictions between March 11-20th (59%). Almost all respondents (91.8%) reported mandatory pre-operative SARS-Cov-2 testing once cases resumed. Conclusion: COVID-19 has forced the breast surgical team to adapt to new conditions to the detriment of women with breast cancer requiring reconstruction. Varying restrictions have limited access to breast reconstruction, carrying consequences yet to be determined.
A systematic review of the published literature on interventions to improve personal self-care for people with severe mental health problems

Introduction People with severe mental health problems often struggle to manage everyday tasks such as personal hygiene, housework, shopping, cooking and budgeting. These functional problems result in self-neglect and are associated with specific cognitive impairments and poor outcomes. Despite their importance, little guidance is available for practitioners in how to address these problems. Method We conducted a systematic review of the research literature published since 1990 on the effectiveness of interventions that aim to assist people with severe mental health problems to manage their personal self-care. We searched six major electronic databases and followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance in the conduct of the review and reporting of results. Results Our search identified 2808 papers of which only eight met our inclusion criteria. The included papers comprised six randomised controlled trials and two ‘pre-post’ studies reporting on evaluations of five different interventions. We used narrative synthesis to summarise our findings. The strongest evidence was for cognitive adaptation training, comprising environmental supports provided in the home that address the functional problems arising from specific cognitive impairments. Conclusion The paucity of research into interventions to assist personal self-care for people with severe mental health problems is surprising. More research in this area is urgently needed.
Complaint-Oriented “Services”: Shelters as Tools for Criminalizing Homelessness

This article argues that the expansion of shelter and welfare provisions for the homeless can lead to increased criminalization of homeless people in public spaces. First, I document how repression of people experiencing homelessness by the police in San Francisco neighborhoods increased immediately after the opening of new shelters. Second, I reveal how shelter beds are used as a privileged tool of the police to arrest, cite, and confiscate property of the unhoused, albeit in the guise of sanitary and public health initiatives. I conclude by considering how shelters increasingly function as complaint-oriented “services,” aimed at addressing the interests of residents, businesses, and politicians, rather than the needs of those unhoused.
Income Support Policies and the Rise of Student and Family Homelessness

This study investigates whether the generosity and accessibility of publicly provided income support contributes to levels of family homelessness. Using data on student homelessness from most public school districts in the United States, I find that greater access to cash assistance from the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program reduces levels of family homelessness and that the reduction is particularly strong for majority–Black and Native American school districts. The results suggest that the observed decline in access to TANF cash assistance may be an important driver of the rise in family homelessness. Evidence is inconclusive about whether greater access to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) or greater generosity of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) reduces levels of homelessness.
Putting Homelessness in Context: The Schools and Neighborhoods of Students Experiencing Homelessness

The number of K–12 students experiencing homelessness is increasing across the country. Schools may serve as sources of support and stability for homeless children, but little is known about the types of schools that homeless students attend or about the communities in which they live. We investigate the context of student homelessness in Los Angeles by analyzing student-level administrative data from the Los Angeles Unified School District and publicly available data on neighborhoods and schools from school years 2008–2009 to 2016–2017. Our findings suggest that homeless students tend to be clustered within lower-achieving schools with higher concentrations of disadvantaged student groups and live in neighborhoods with higher concentrated disadvantage. Despite policy provisions to ensure stability, homeless students have high rates of school and residential mobility in the years they are homeless, and mobile students tend to move to less-disadvantaged schools. We conclude with policy implications to strengthen the implementation of the federal McKinney-Vento Act.
Synthesizing Expressive Behaviors for Humanoid Robots

Humanoid robots are expected to be able to communicate with expressive gestures at the same level of proficiency as humans. However, creating expressive gestures for humanoid robots is difficult and time consuming due to the high number of degrees of freedom (DOF) and the iterations needed to get the desired expressiveness. Current robot motion editing software has varying levels of sophistication of motion editing tools ranging from basic ones that are text-only, to ones that provide graphical user interfaces (GUIs) which incorporate advanced features, such as curve editors and inverse kinematics. These tools enable users to create simple motions; but creating expressive motions is laborious and demands a lot of patience, as well as technical and artistic skills from the user. Therefore, most humanoid robots have a limited range of expressive motions with little variety and executed the same way each time. Future robots should be able to generate expressive gestures on the fly during interaction with humans. This work presents several new methods for creating expressive motions in humanoid robots that we have not seen in other robot motion editors. The first is a new method of composing robot gestures and behaviors that uses algebraic expressions by utilizing probabilistic operators that are extensions of simple algebraic operators such as concatenation, union, repetition, and subtraction. This method also allows hierarchical composition by reusing previously-defined behaviors in another expression, enabling generation of highly complex behaviors. I implemented this method as a tool called Robot Expressive Behavior Language (REBeL). The utility of this method is demonstrated by creating various behaviors for the HROS-1 mini humanoid robot and the adult-human-sized robot Mr. Jeeves. The second method analyzes MIDI music to extract timing information. This method allows motions to be executed with
Antidiabetic activity of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.)P.Beauv grains extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

The plant used ethnically in India for controlling blood sugar, this promotes us to undertake a study to examine the possible anti-diabetic activity of the grains 70% hydroalcoholic (HAEC) extract in normal and ALX induced diabetic rats. A single dose study was studied in the normal rats for 12 hrs. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in normal rats after receiving glucose orally (2g/kg). Diabetes was induced by ALX (120mg/kg, i.p.) three different doses of HAEC (200, 400 and 600mg/kg, p.o.) and HAEC was administered orally to experimental diabetic induced rats as treatment for 21 days. Glibenclamide (5mg/kg p.o.) was used as standard reference. Fasting blood glucose levels, changes in body weight and organ weight, serum albumin, urea, total protein, creatinine, total lipid profile, haemoglobin, GSH, SOD and TBARS were evaluated. Finally histopathological examination of pancreas was performed. Oral glucose tolerance test clearly indicate that 400mg/kg and 200mg/kg p.o HAEC shown a significant reduce in the blood glucose levels whereas, 600mg/kg p.o shown a little effect. Single dose study of HAEC on normal rats showed a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels when compared with the normal control rats. In diabetic rats, treatment with the 400, and 200mg/kg, p.o. showing significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels. A significant escalation is seen in the levels of HDL-C, haemoglobin, body weight and liver weight whereas, the anti-oxidant levels TBARS, GSH and SOD levels improved than the untreated diabetic rats. HAEC has shown significant, In-vivo antioxidant property and antidiabetic activity.
Modeling of protein solution structures

Reconstructions of low-resolution three-dimensional solution structures of proteins from one-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data can be achieved by trial-and-error or ab initio approaches. It is demonstrated that all tested advanced approaches (GA, DAMMIN, SAXS3D) reproduce the shape of three selected test proteins (malate synthase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, extracellular hemoglobin). The agreement between SAXS profiles and functions derived from beaded model structures and experimental data, however, varies with respect to the angular range covered; the same holds true for the accuracy of the molecular parameters calculated from the respective patterns. The uniqueness of the structures obtained is crucial and may be increased by combined use of different approaches. The obtained models can be used for predicting both structural and hydrodynamic data with a high degree of probability.
Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap Pemberian Abu Boiler dan Pupuk Urea pada Media Pembibitan

Growing media fertility can be improved or enhanced with inorganic or organic fertilizer, such asboiler ash, which is one type of solid waste by-product of palm oil mills as well as the source ofnitrogen urea fertilizer, is expected to boost growth of cocoa seedling in the nursery. This researchhad been conducted at experimental field of Fakultas Pertanian USU in May 2013 until September2013, using factorial randomized block design with two factor. The first factor was dose of boiler ash(0, 100, 10 g/polybag) and the second factor was dose of urea fertilizer (0, 5, and 10 g/polybag). Parameter observed were plant height, total of leaf area, dry shoot weight and dry root weight.Theresult showed response of boiler ash on cocoa seed significantly increase total of leaf area and dryshoot weight. Urea fertilizer significantly affect dry shoot weight. Interaction of both significantlyaffect dry shoot weight. The best results from interaction boiler ash and urea fertilizer were obtainedin the treatment of boiler ash at 300 g/polybag and urea fertilizer 5 g/polybag. ________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: Boiler Ash, Urea Fertilizer, Cocoa Seed
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability in Biochar-Amended Soils

Biochar, a solid coproduct from the thermochemical production of bioenergy, has been reported to increase nutrient availability in soils through increased cation retention and decreased phosphate adsorption. The objectives of this study were to determine biochar effects on N and P availability in the presence and absence of external nutrient inputs. Biochar was obtained from hydrothermal pyrolysis of corn cobs at 305°C with 20 min of retention time. Biochar was added to two soils at three biochar rates (0, 2, and 20 g/kg) in combination with either two N rates (0 and 100 mg/kg) or two P rates (0 and 20 mg/kg) and incubated for 56 days. Soils were extracted for Mehlich-3 P and KCl-extractable NO3-N and NH4-N at 0, 3, 10, 17, 28, and 56 days after soil amendment. Biochar application at 20 g/kg increased NH4-N concentrations by 1.1 to 4.8 mg kg−1 during the first 10 days and consistently decreased NO3-N recovery by 5 to 10 mg kg−1 for the duration of the study. Biochar decreased Mehlich-3 P concentrations in soil by 0.9 mg kg−1 in the absence of P additions and increased Mehlich-3 P concentrations by 3.3 mg kg−1 when added with a P source. Furthermore, biochar increased Mehlich-3-extractable P by 5.4 mg kg−1 in the soil when applied with N fertilizer. Results indicate that biochar-amended soils may need additional N after biochar addition to maximize crop production.
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in soils: Relationship to soil characteristics and preexposure

The fate of radiolabeled ([14C]) phenanthrene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene was examined in five soils, four of which had previous exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The soils and [14C]PAHs studied represent a range of characteristics (fraction of soil organic carbon [foc] and PAH solubility) that can potentially impact contaminant fate. Fates of [14C]PAHs examined in slurry microcosms included mineralization, production of water‐soluble metabolites and their polarity, cellular incorporation, and the association of [14C]PAHs with soils, all compared to an abiotic control. The soils all contained active heterotrophic communities and the contaminated soils had sizable populations of PAH‐degrading microorganisms, measured by the [14C]‐most probable number assay. All [14C]PAHs, except [14C]benzo[a]pyrene, were readily mineralized in most of the preexposed soils, whereas in the uncontaminated soil, less than 5% of each [14C]PAH was mineralized. In the adapted soils, mineralization, after 8 weeks of incubation, accounted for 30 to 60% of [14C]phenanthrene, 10 to 55% of [14C]pyrene, 5 to 40% of [14C]benz[a]anthracene, 10 to 50% of [14C]chrysene, and 2 to 9% of [14C]benzo[a]pyrene added to the microcosms. Metabolite production and cellular incorporation usually accounted for less than 10% of the added [14C]PAH. The fate of PAHs was usually not related to measurements of microbial community size, characteristics of the PAH (water solubility and Kow), and many characteristics of soils (soil foc and PAH concentration). The fraction of silt and clay in the soils for each soil–PAH combination, however, was negatively related to the extent of added [14C]PAH mineralized and the amount solvent extractable from the soil, and positively related to the amount of [14C]PAH remaining in soils after extraction.
Assessment of Efficacy of 2D Echo and Contrast Echo in Detection of Thrombus.

Background: As echo is widely used to screen patients with coronary disease or heart failure at risk for LV thrombus, optimization of diagnostic strategies for thrombus detection is of substantial importance. Hence; we planned the present study to assess and compare the efficacy of 2D echo and contrast echo in detection of thrombus. Subjects and Methods: The present study included assessment and comparison of 2D echo and contrast echo in detection of thrombus. A total of 25 patients were included in the present study. Detailed demographic data and biochemical profile of all the patients was obtained. All the patients underwent both 2D echo and contrast echo. All the results were compiled in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. Results: 2D echo detected thrombus in 3 percent of the cases while the contrast echo detected thrombus in 12 percent of the cases. Significant results were obtained while comparing the prevalence of thrombus as detected by 2D echo and contrast echo. Conclusion: Efficacy of contrast echo s significantly higher than that of 2D echo in detecting LV thrombus.
Impact of light quality and quantity on growth rate kinetics of Selenastrum capricornutum

Microalgal biomass produced in indoor photobioreactors can be used as inoculum for large‐scale outdoor cultures or directly for the production of high‐value bioproducts due to the higher control of these cultures compared with outdoor systems. One of the main costs of indoor microalgal cultures is the illumination. This work can be used as a basis for the optimization of the light source for indoor microalgal biomass production, based on the light source type, irradiance, productivity, growth rate, attenuation coefficients, and contaminant growth on the reactor's side‐walls. Four commercially available near 400‐W artificial light sources for microalgal cultures (metal halide (MH), high‐pressure sodium (HPS), Son Agro®, and fluorescent) were compared. The light elevation and the surface scalar irradiance were shown to have a linear relationship. The attenuation coefficient in air (ka) was highest with Son Agro®. A linear partition of the attenuation coefficient between the water and biomass and an exponential relationship between average scalar irradiance and depth were found. An empirical overall scalar attenuation coefficient for each light source was obtained. The lowest maximum observed growth rate was obtained with fluorescent light (0.98 d−1) and the highest with Son Agro® (2.39 d−1). The highest growth on the reactor's wall was obtained with Son Agro®. Further studies resulted in a higher maximum specific growth rate and optimum irradiance for HPS (2.37 d−1 and 460 μmol s−1 m−2) compared with those observed with MH (1.73 d−1 and 391 μmol s−1 m−2).
Densities of the Molten Fes, Fes–Cu2S and Fe–S–O Systems—Utilizing A Bottom-Balance Archimedean Technique

AbstractA high temperature Archimedean density measuring apparatus was constructed in which a balance located below the furnace was used in conjunction with a twin-cylinder density bob. With this configuration, it was possible to use an alumina bob with a density less than that of the melt, as well to monitor continuously the weight change of the sample due to evolution of gas.Densities were determined for Fes, Fes–Cu2S (up to 60 mole percent Cu2S) and Fe–S–O mixtures (up to 31 atom percent oxygen) over the temperature range 1200–1350°C. Increasing the Cu2S or oxygen contents in the respective melts led to higher densities. The effect of temperature on densities was found to be small for all systems studied. Resume On a construit un densimetre a haute temperature, utilisant le principe d'Archimede. Le densimetre consiste d'une balance sise au-dessous d'un four, ainsi que d'un flotteur fait de deux cylinders superposes. Cette configuration permet l'utilisation d'un floueur en alumine, d'une densite inferie.
Localisation of electrochemical oxidation processes in nickel and cobalt hexacyanoferrates investigated by analysis of the multiplet patterns in X-ray photoelectron spectra

Nickel and cobalt hexacyanoferrate-modified gold electrodes were prepared by electrochemical synthesis. These samples were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after removal of the modified electrodes from the electrochemical cell at different potentials and transfer into the ultra high vacuum of the spectrometer. A careful analysis of the multiplet splitting of the 2p photoemission lines of the transition metal ions and comparison with suitable reference compounds and with calculations reveals that the electrochemical oxidation occurs at the iron sites in K2Ni[Fe(CN)6] and at the cobalt sites in the related compound K2Co[Fe(CN)6].
Controlling Polymorphic Crystallization of n-Alkane Crystals in Emulsion Droplets through Interfacial Heterogeneous Nucleation

It was found that even-numbered n-alkanes (number of carbon atoms = 16−22) had a crystal structure that has not been reported for their bulk phase when the n-alkanes were nucleated in oil-in-water emulsion droplets with additives. We measured wide- and small-angle X-ray diffraction signals, using synchrotron radiation, at the same time that the nucleation was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. When high-melting-point surfactants were added to the droplets, pseudohexagonal and orthorhombic crystals were nucleated. In contrast, triclinic crystals formed in the droplets without the additive, and in bulk liquid both with and without the additives. The results were discussed by taking into account interfacial heterogeneous nucleation accelerated by freezing of the adsorbed films of the additive molecules at the oil−water interface. These findings indicate that emulsion can be used to form a new crystalline polymorphic structure by using suitable additives that modify interfacial heterogeneous nuc.
The structural properties of liquid sulphur

Neutron diffraction experiments over the momentum transfer range 0<Q<40 AA-1, have been used to investigate the properties of liquid sulphur from 131 degrees C to 230 degrees C, i.e., at conditions around the lambda -transition (Tlambda =159 degrees C). The data have been transformed to give an accurate pair correlation function from which the absolute numbers of atoms in given molecular configurations may be determined. These data seem to be inconsistent with the picture of 'crown'-shaped S8 molecules below Tlambda . Also it has been found that the diffraction pattern may be analysed as though the liquid was an assembly of roughly spherical molecular units. In this case each unit would contain about six atoms, and the lambda -transition could be related to the percolation limit for the units. It is concluded that a fundamental diffraction analysis of the states of sulphur has thrown new light on long-standing problems.
Superior CO2 Adsorption Capacity on N‐doped, High‐Surface‐Area, Microporous Carbons Templated from Zeolite

Zeolite‐templated, high‐surface‐area, microporous, N‐doped carbons exhibit the highest CO2 uptake capacity recorded to date for any carbon material and one of the highest for any inorganic or organic porous material of up to 6.9 mmol g−1 at 273 K and ambient pressure and 4.4 mmol g−1 at ambient temperature and pressure, along with an initial CO2 adsorption energy of 36 kJ mol−1 at lower coverage and 20 kJ mol−1 at higher CO2 coverage. Combined with their ease of preparation, excellent recyclability and regeneration stability, and high selectivity for CO2, the N‐doped zeolite‐templated carbons are amongst the most promising solid‐state absorbents reported so far for CO2 capture and storage.
Temperature-Staged Anaerobic Processes

This study compares the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic biotreatment processes treating a common substrate in laboratory scale CSTRs in terms of their effluent quality. The improvement in the performance and the effluent quality of these systems by temperature-staged processes, i.e., mesophilic and thermophilic reactors in series, were also investigated. The data presented in this paper showed that thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms had a 26% higher initial substrate utilization rates (SUR0) for COD as compared to the mesophilic ones. Mesophilic bacteria, on the other hand, produced a better quality effluent as indicated by lower effluent soluble COD concentrations. The results also indicated that the poor effluent quality of thermophilic anaerobic processes can be improved by a temperature-staged process configuration with a mesophilic secondary unit. As high as 95% COD removal rates were achieved by the thermophilic-mesophilic staged process at an organic rate of 2 g.l−1.day−1. In a temperature.