Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operads : Hopf algebras and coloured Koszul duality

Operads are tools designed to study not mathematical objects themselves, but operations on these. A simplified example: instead of integers, one studies multiplication. Multiplication is a map that takes two integers as input and gives one new integer as output (2*3 = 6 says that the inputs 2 and 3 give 6 as output). The origin of operads is to look at operations with an arbitrary number of inputs and one output (2*3*4*5=120 describes an operation with 4 inputs that with inputs 2, 3, 4, and 5 gives output 120). One should think of an operad as a system of such maps together with composition rules (in our example (2*3)*(4*5) = 2*3*4*5 is a composition rule). This point of view seems rather straightforward, but has led to important developments in several branches of mathematics. Operads enable handling complicated combinatorics where many operations appear. Imagine a surface together with a rule called multiplication, that assigns to every two points on the surface a third point. One might ask what are the possible ways to change the multiplication a little bit. The study of such changes is a branch of Deformation Theory. Deformation theory can be extended to a purely algebraic context, where the surface in the example above is replaced by an algebraic object. In fact, for systems of operations described by an operad one can often develop a deformation theory. The interplay between operads and Deformation Theory has contributed to a large extent to the understanding of one of the major results in mathematics in the previous decennium: Kontsevich’ theorem on the Quantisation Deformation of Poisson Manifolds. This result can be interpreted as a theorem about the correspondence between Classical and Quantum Mechanics. More precisely: it is an instance of Bohr’s Correspondence Principle, which says that to every system in Classical Mechanics there exists a system in Quantum Mechanics that looks the same if one observes it at sufficiently large scale. My research consists in part in generalising existing theory on deformations on the basis of operads, and finding new applications and relations to classical results. Furthermore, the author is currently studying not deformations of structures described by operads, but deformations of operads themselves. From a mathematical point of view this is a natural thing to do. Moreover, this approach reveals a subtle interplay of deformation results at different levels. Apart from the above, I am studying applications of operads in Combinatorics. These applications are related to so called Hopf Algebras. Hopf algebras have applications in Perturbative Quantum Field Theory. The essential problem is that computations of physical quantities from Feynmann integrals often give infinity as a result. Hopf Algebras suggest a solution to this problem. My work shows that the Hopf Algebras used in renormalisation often stem from operads. This approach simplifies the combinatorics involved, and shows relations to other Hopf Algebras.
The statistics of particle trajectories in the inhomogeneous Sinai problem for a?two-dimensional lattice

In connection with the two-dimensional model known as the `periodic Lorentz gas', we study the asymptotic behaviour of statistical characteristics of a free path interval of a point particle before its first occurrence in an -neighbourhood (a circle of radius ) of a non-zero integer point as given that the particle starts from the -neighbourhood of the origin. We evaluate the limit distribution function of the free path length and of the input aimed parameter (the distance from the trajectory to the integer point we are interested in) for a given value of the output aimed parameter. This problem was studied earlier for a particle starting from the origin (the homogeneous case).
Specification Issues in Assessing the Moderating Role of Issue Importance: A Comment on Grynaviski and Corrigan (2006)

The empirical study of spatial issue voting has experienced a resurgence in recent years due to advances in data collection and research design. Grynaviski and Corrigan make several important contributions to this literature. In this note, we comment on one of Grynaviski and Corrigan's recommendations—to not include a main effect for issue importance when estimating models assessing the interactive relationship between importance and policy proximity. According to the authors, including the main importance term is incorrect because it is not necessary in representing a scale-invariant functional form under some assumptions and is insufficient under others. In deriving their reduced-form expression, the authors produce a model that is unintuitive and inappropriate for most data. Moreover, the restrictions Grynaviski and Corrigan impose on their model can produce perverse empirical predictions. We show that a model including main effect terms for importance is indeed scale invariant and that inclusion of the main importance term is necessary for scale invariance with respect to partial utility functions.
Local lattice distortions and thermal transport in perovskite manganites

Measurements of thermal conductivity versus temperature and magnetic field are reported for perovskite manganites that exhibit ferromagnetic (FM), charge-ordering (CO), antiferromagnetic, and/or structural phase transitions. The data reveal a dominant lattice contribution to the heat conductivity with {kappa}{approximately}1{minus}2 W/mK near room temperature. The rather low values, implying a phonon mean free path on the order of a lattice spacing, are shown to correlate with static local distortions of the MnO{sub 6} octahedra. Modifications of the local structure are responsible for abrupt anomalies in the zero-field {kappa} at the FM, CO, and structural transitions, and for colossal magnetothermal resistance near the FM transition. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Evaluation of Chinese Cloth Suppliers using Dynamic Grey Relational Analysis

The clothing industry is one of the world's most important and innovative industries. Furthermore, it is a major industry in developing economies such as China and India. With the global economic turmoil and environmental problems expanding, it is extremely important to choose suppliers who offer the highest level of customer satisfaction while taking environmental concerns into account. The study aims to evaluate wholesale clothing suppliers of a Chinese import/export company using the Dynamic Grey Relational Analysis (DGRA) model. The results are validated through comparative analyses with the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) and TOPSIS models. The results show that the DGRA is a reliable approach to supplier selection in apparel industry.
Solar p-Mode Frequencies over Three Solar Cycles

We analyze thirty years of solar oscillations data collected by the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON). Estimates of the mean frequency shifts of low-degree p-modes have been extracted over a period spanning solar cycles 21-23. Two methods of analysis are used to extract the frequency shifts: one method uses results on fitted frequencies of individual modes, which are then averaged to give mean frequency shifts; the other method uses cross-correlations of power frequency spectra made from subsets of the data shifted in time. The frequency shifts are correlated against six proxies of solar activity, which are sensitive to magnetic and irradiance variability at a range of locations from the photosphere to the corona. We find proxies that have good sensitivity to the effects of weak-component magnetic flux—which is more widely distributed in latitude than the strong flux in the active regions—are those that follow the frequency shifts most consistently over the three cycles. This list includes the Mg II H and K core-to-wing data, the 10.7 cm radio flux, and the He I equivalent width data. While the two methods of analysis give consistent results, use of the cross-correlation function to measure mean frequency shifts returns less precise values in cases in which the duty cycle is greater than 30%. Estimation of uncertainties from the cross-correlation method also requires that proper allowance be made for strong correlations in the data.
Validating graph‐based connectivity models with independent presence–absence and genetic data sets

Habitat connectivity is a key objective of current conservation policies and is commonly modeled by landscape graphs (i.e., sets of habitat patches [nodes] connected by potential dispersal paths [links]). These graphs are often built based on expert opinion or species distribution models (SDMs) and therefore lack empirical validation from data more closely reflecting functional connectivity. Accordingly, we tested whether landscape graphs reflect how habitat connectivity influences gene flow, which is one of the main ecoevolutionary processes. To that purpose, we modeled the habitat network of a forest bird (plumbeous warbler [Setophaga plumbea]) on Guadeloupe with graphs based on expert opinion, Jacobs’ specialization indices, and an SDM. We used genetic data (712 birds from 27 populations) to compute local genetic indices and pairwise genetic distances. Finally, we assessed the relationships between genetic distances or indices and cost distances or connectivity metrics with maximum‐likelihood population‐effects distance models and Spearman correlations between metrics. Overall, the landscape graphs reliably reflected the influence of connectivity on population genetic structure; validation R2 was up to 0.30 and correlation coefficients were up to 0.71. Yet, the relationship among graph ecological relevance, data requirements, and construction and analysis methods was not straightforward because the graph based on the most complex construction method (species distribution modeling) sometimes had less ecological relevance than the others. Cross‐validation methods and sensitivity analyzes allowed us to make the advantages and limitations of each construction method spatially explicit. We confirmed the relevance of landscape graphs for conservation modeling but recommend a case‐specific consideration of the cost‐effectiveness of their construction methods. We hope the replication of independent validation approaches across species and landscapes will strengthen the ecological relevance of connectivity models.
Elastic waves from a finite line source

A solution is given for the problem of elastic wave propagation from a finite line source. The line source is considered as the limit of an elongated ellipsoid of revolution, the length of the minor axis of which tends to zero. A pressure that is a given function of time is applied to the inner surface of the ellipsoid, whereas this surface is free from shearing stress. It is shown that, in addition to a pressure wave, a shear wave is generated. This shear wave is relatively unimportant for values of Poisson’s constant around 0.25, but becomes appreciable for values larger than 0.4.
Quantum energy teleportation enabled by thermal discord

Energy teleportation with no energy carrier between two physically separated sites was demonstrated in principle by M. Hotta in 2008. His demonstration used a three-step protocol applied to a Heisenberg spin particle pair initially in its fully entangled ground state. We apply the Hotta protocol to the same Heisenberg pair but now suppose the pair is, more generally, in a thermal state, introducing temperature as an explicit parameter. These thermal states show a degree of quantum correlation (thermal discord) at all temperatures. We find that at any temperature energy teleportation is possible with the Hotta protocol, even at temperatures beyond the threshold where the particles’ entanglement vanishes. This shows that entanglement is not fundamentally necessary for energy teleportation; quantum discord generally can suffice. It is also a new instance in which quantum dissonance (discord without entanglement) is seen to act as a quantum resource.
ASYMPTOTIC ESTIMATES FOR GENERALIZED STIRLING NUMBERS

Uniform asymptotic expansions are given for the Stirling numbers of the first kind for integral arguments and for the second kind as defined for real arguments by Flajolet and Prodinger. The logconcavity of the resulting real valued function of Flajolet and Prodinger is established for a range including the classical integral domain.
Identification and Bayesian Estimation of Dynamic Factor Models

We consider a set of minimal identification conditions for dynamic factor models. These conditions have economic interpretations and require fewer restrictions than the static factor framework. Under these restrictions, a standard structural vector autoregression (SVAR) with measurement errors can be embedded into a dynamic factor model. More generally, we also consider overidentification restrictions to achieve efficiency. We discuss general linear restrictions, either in the form of known factor loadings or cross-equation restrictions. We further consider serially correlated idiosyncratic errors with heterogeneous dynamics. A numerically stable Bayesian algorithm for the dynamic factor model with general parameter restrictions is constructed for estimation and inference. We show that a square-root form of the Kalman filter improves robustness and accuracy when sampling the latent factors. Confidence intervals (bands) for the parameters of interest such as impulse responses are readily computed. Similar identification conditions are also exploited for multilevel factor models, and they allow us to study the “spill-over” effects of the shocks arising from one group to another. Supplementary materials for technical details are available online.
Association between Body Mass Index and Diabetes Mellitus Are Mediated through Endogenous Serum Sex Hormones among Menopause Transition Women: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Objective: To explore whether and to what extent endogenous sex hormones mediate the association between overweight and diabetes risk in menopausal transition women. Methods: Premenopausal women were from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, with measurements of serum sex hormone including sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) in first postmenopausal follow-up. At the last postmenopausal follow-up, hyperglycemia status was confirmed. The partial least squares (PLS) regression method was used to extract hormonal signals associated with body mass index (BMI). Hyperglycemia was defined as individuals with prediabetes or diabetes; overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Causal mediation analysis was used to examine the mediation effect on the association between perimenopause overweight and post-menopause hyperglycemia through PLS score and individual sex hormones. Results: The longitudinal study included 1438 normal glucose women with a baseline mean age (SD) of 46.5 (2.6) years and a mean follow-up period of 9.9 years. During the follow-up period, 145 (10.1) cases of hyperglycemia occurred. Compared with normal-weight participants, overweight women were associated with a higher hyperglycemia risk during the transition period (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.52 to 6.80). Overweight women had higher T, E2, and lower SHBG, FSH, and DAHS concentrations (β = 0.26, 0.38, −0.52, −0.52, and −0.13, p < 0.05 for all). After adjusting for overweight and covariates, lower SHBG and FSH levels were associated with higher hyperglycemia risk (OR = 0.70 and 0.69, all p < 0.05). As a linear combination of sex hormones, the PLS score was positively associated with T, E2, and negatively with SHBG, FSH, and DHAS. PLS score interpreted 36.50% (p < 0.001) of the overweight-hyperglycemia association. Considering single-sex hormones, the mediation proportion of SHBG and FSH were 21.38% (p < 0.001) and 24.08% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sex hormones mediated the association of overweight and diabetes risk in menopause transition women. SHBG and FSH have the dominant mediation effect.
SSRL: Single Skyrmion Reconfigurable Logic Utilizing 2-D Magnus Force on Magnetic Racetracks

Magnetic racetrack memory has frequently been complicated by the pinning of domain wall bits on the one hand and the need to engineer precise synchronization and inter-track repulsion between skyrmionic bits on the other. Such proposals, however, do not capitalize on the complex 2-D motion of skyrmions, such as transverse Magnus force that tends to deviate the skyrmion trajectory from rectilinear motion along the current drive. The transverse deviation associated with such a skyrmion Hall effect is normally considered a liability for skyrmions, and efforts have focused on eliminating rather than utilizing it for proposed device applications. We propose a simple single skyrmion-based circuit macro with elementary and higher-order logic gates that utilize Magnus force and propose reconfigurable logic built on these gates. We demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach with micromagnetics simulation. The energy consumption in this circuit lies mainly in the overhead, with the racetrack consuming a small fraction. The energy–delay product (EDP) is correspondingly low and can be improved by boosting the skyrmion speed.
Training Scientific Communication Skills on Medical Imaging within the Virtual World Second Life: Perception of Biomedical Engineering Students

Second Life is a multi-user virtual world platform which enables online learning through immersive activities. This study evaluates the perception of third-year biomedical engineering students about learning activities complementary to a biomedical imaging course carried out within Second Life and focused on training in the public presentation of scientific content to their peers. Between 2015 and 2017, students gave oral presentations on medical imaging topics selected from the proposals of their classmates. Participants were invited to complete an evaluation questionnaire. In the three years of the study, 133 students enrolled in the course (48, 46, and 39 consecutively), and 97 of them delivered the questionnaire (48%, 83%, and 92%, consecutively). Attendance at the sessions ranged between 88% and 44%. The students positively value the experiences, especially the teacher, the educational content, and the virtual island environment, with mean scores greater than or equal to 8.4, 7.7, and 7.7, respectively, on a 1–10-point scale. Overall, they valued Second Life as an attractive and suitable environment for their training in science communication skills, in which they gain self-confidence and are less afraid of speaking in public. Second Life enables students to present scientific content effectively to their peers, receiving hands-on training in the tasks of collecting, organizing, and presenting data, with the benefits of remote access, collaborative work, and social interaction.
Opto-fluidic velocimetry using liquid crystal microfluidics

The coupling between flow and orientation of nematic liquid crystal molecules has been utilized to devise a non-intrusive opto-fluidic velocimetry technique on a microfluidic platform. The flow-induced reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules in a diverging channel possessing homeotropic surface anchoring produced distinct birefringent domains, directly observable through their interference colors, which are characteristic to the local flow velocity. The flow-induced effective birefringence was characterized using polarizing optical microscopy, confocal fluorescence polarizing microscopy, and particle tracking methods.
Ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transition

Abstract The results of an investigation of a large group of diffuse phase transition ferroelectrics distinguished by a number of specific features that make them important for both research and application are reported. A mechanism for diffuse phase transition is proposed. The necessity of a theory for this class of disordered and non-equilibrium systems is pointed out.
The Effect of Positively Framed and Negatively Framed Messages on Televised Smoking Cessation Advertisement Success: A systematic review

Background : Smoking cessation campaigns aim to decrease the prevalence of smoking in the community. However, smoking cessation campaigns can be expensive to develop and implement, therefore is it essential that campaigns have high impact and broad reach to ensure the most ef ﬁ cient use of resources. Method : A systematic review was conducted in October 2020 to assess the ef ﬁ cacy of positively framed and negatively framed messages used in televised smoking cessation advertisements. The search was restricted to quantitative primary research published between 2010 and 2020, yielding 4640 results. Study selection was performed using the PRISMA method. Population was inclusive of all ages and smoking status. A total of 15 articles met the criteria for review. Results : Negative messages were found to increase the likelihood of a smoker intending to quit, attempting to quit, successfully quitting, or calling a quitline, while some studies found that positive messages increased con ﬁ dence to quit and calls to quitline. Combination of negative and positive messages were found to complement one another and were more successful at in ﬂ uencing quit behaviour than using either message type alone. However, ﬁ ndings were not consistent across all studies. Conclusion : The results of this review may be used to inform the development of future smoking cessation advertisements to ensure content is relevant, effective, and cost-ef ﬁ cient. Further exploration of the ef ﬁ cacy of positive and negative messages on target populations would be valuable to advise the design of cessation campaigns.
Efficient Iterative Methods with and without Memory Possessing High Efficiency Indices

Two families of derivative-free methods without memory for approximating a simple zero of a nonlinear equation are presented. The proposed schemes have an accelerator parameter with the property that it can increase the convergence rate without any new functional evaluations. In this way, we construct a method with memory that increases considerably efficiency index from to . Numerical examples and comparison with the existing methods are included to confirm theoretical results and high computational efficiency.
Current Challenges and Opportunities of Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established, minimally invasive treatment for specific types of cancer. During PDT, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated that ultimately induce cell death and disruption of the tumor area. Moreover, PDT can result in damage to the tumor vasculature and induce the release and/or exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that may initiate an antitumor immune response. However, there are currently several challenges of PDT that limit its widespread application for certain indications in the clinic. METHODS: A literature study was conducted to comprehensively discuss these challenges and to identify opportunities for improvement. RESULTS: The most notable challenges of PDT and opportunities to improve them have been identified and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The recent efforts to improve the current challenges of PDT are promising, most notably those that focus on enhancing immune responses initiated by the treatment. The application of these improvements has the potential to enhance the antitumor efficacy of PDT, thereby broadening its potential application in the clinic.