Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HAS CONSUMPTION INEQUALITY MIRRORED INCOME INEQUALITY ?

We revisit to what extent the increase in income inequality over the last 30 years has been mirrored by consumption inequality. We do so by constructing two alternative measures of consumption expenditure, using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE). We first use reports of active savings and after tax income to construct the measure of consumption implied by the budget constraint. We find that the consumption inequality implied by savings behavior largely tracks income inequality between 1980 and 2007. Second, we use a demand system to correct for systematic measurement error in the CE's expenditure data. Specifically, we consider trends in the relative expenditure of high income and low income households for different goods with different income (total expenditure) elasticities. Our estimation exploits the difference in the growth rate of luxury consumption inequality versus necessity consumption inequality. This "double-differencing,'' which we implement in a a regression framework, corrects for mis-measurement that can systematically vary over time by good and income group. This second exercise indicates that consumption inequality has closely tracked income inequality over the period 1980-2007. Both of our measures show a significantly greater increase in consumption inequality than what is obtained from the CE's total household expenditure data directly. Mark A. Aguiar Department of Economics University of Rochester P.O. Box 270156 Rochester, NY 14627-0156 and NBER mark@markaguiar.com Mark Bils Department of Economics University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 and NBER bils@troi.cc. rochester.edu
Designing the Interactions in the Museum

In cultural productions, and specifically in the context of museums and exhibitions, the process of construction of meanings has historically involved the audience in a relationship with the product. Nevertheless, this relationship is still designed using traditional language aimed at constraining the interpretation within the pattern suggested by the producer and reducing the room left for free interpretation by the user. Innovation, then, takes place in the offer of services and tools to support the process, and not in a proposal of a new approach to the construction of meaning. Our research discusses a case of an Italian cultural institution as a model for proposing a new approach to the process of interpretation of the relationship between the users and the product. The innovation in this case is the result of a redesign of the language offered to the users, and it is aimed at involving them in the process of sense making. Our article sheds light on the way in which innovation of language may impact the world of signs and symbols that determine the meaning of the product. The process of consumption is grounded mainly in the relationship between the consumer and the product. This relationship refers to two major dimensions: the functionalities—what the product is able to perform—and the symbolic content (Blumer 1969) or meanings—the emotional content and the language spoken by the product itself (Eco 1975; Margolin and Buchanan 1995; Mono 1997; Peirce 1935; Verganti 2003). The language can be identified as "a particular meaning (that)
A Reduced Rate of Bulky DNA

Human SY5Y neuroblastoma cells which were differentiated in culture by treatment with 7S murine nerve growth factor for 5 weeks and selection with aphidicolin (L. Jensen, Dev. Biol. 120:56-64, 1987) demonstrated a considerably slower rate of removal of DNA adducts of benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrenediolepoxide, and N7-methylguanine than did undifferentiated mitotic cells. A dramatic decline in unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by UV radiation was similarly observed. DNA polymerase I and uracil DNA glycosylase were unchanged after differentiation, DNA polymerase a and DNA methylase decreased roughly threefold, and total apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease activity increased roughly threefold after treatment.
Assessing Efficacy of Emotional Regulation Techniques on Alexithymia among Students Who Suffer From Dyscalculia

Background: Dyscalculia tends to debilitating for children with respect to their social interactions and learning process. Although it can cause so many problematic consequences in developmental stages of children, by implementing precise and in time therapeutic intervention, it can be mitigated. Current paper examines the efficacy of emotional regulation techniques among students who suffer from dyscalculia. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group. Statistical Society of this study included all students (4th, 5th, 6th grader), who suffered from dyscalculia in Bileh town (Urumieh Province/Iran) during 2013-2014(N=76). This study consisted 34 students, who suffered from dyscalculia. These students were chosen via systematic random sampling. Data were collected using Raven IQ test, Shalev mathematical Test, Alexithymia Scale, Psychological wellbeing questionnaire. Regarding analyzing data, MANOVA was used. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance show that between case group and control, significant difference in components of alexithymia and psychological wellbeing were noticed. Hence, it can be inferred that emotional regulation strategies improves component of alexithymia and psychological well being of students with dyscalculia. Conclusion: According to results, teaching emotion regulation strategies to students considered to be effective in promoting awareness and positive attitudes. Thus, it is plausible that implementing these strategies tend to play major role as an intervention among students with
DMD059220 1407..1410

Cynomolgus macaques and rhesus macaques are nonhuman primate species widely used in drug metabolism studies. Cynomolgus CYP2D17, highly homologous to human CYP2D6, metabolizes human CYP2D6 substrates such as bufuralol and dextromethorphan, and the gene is expressed predominantly in liver. Although human CYP2D6 variants account for the variability of the enzyme properties among individuals and populations, genetic variants have not been investigated in CYP2D17. In the present study, CYP2D17 from 87 cynomolgus and 40 rhesus macaques was resequenced. The analysis found a total of 36 nonsynonymous variants, among which 5 were located in substrate recognition sites, the region important for protein function. Twenty-two variants were unique to cynomolgus macaques, of which 11 and 9 were found only in Indochinese and Indonesian cynomolgus macaques, respectively. Eight variants were unique to rhesus macaques. The functional characterization showed that two variant proteins (S188Y and V227I) heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli did not show substantial differences in the rate of bufuralol 19-hydroxylation as compared with wild-type. However, measuring catalytic activities of the genotyped liver microsomes revealed that I297M and N337D were together significantly associated with higher rates, approximately 2.3and 11.5-fold, of bufuralol 19-hydroxylation and dextromethorphan O-demethylation, respectively, in the homozygotes than wild-type animals. The present study provided the first evidence that variability of a CYP2Ddependent metabolism in macaque liver is partly accounted for by
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF DENTAL POSTGRADUATES TOWARDS AUTO- TRANSPLANTATION OF TEETH

Removable partial dentures are indicated in cases with lengthy edentulous span and no abutment for a fixed prosthesis, however, ill-fitting prosthesis and less comfort has always been a problem. [1] The traditional treatment for a single edentulous space with healthy abutments has been a conventional fixed partial denture. A major shortcoming of this alternative is the reduction of healthy abutments, improper crown root ratio and inability for orthodontic tooth movement. [2,3] Apart from removable and fixed partial dentures, rapidly evolving implantation and alveolar ridge reconstruction technique has created a new era in modern dentistry where tooth loss is no longer a problem. [4] There is no need of preparation of adjacent teeth in cases of implants. [5] Endless variations of implant lengths, diameter, surface and design, along with autogenous, allogenous, alloplastic or xenogenous bone substitutes made it possible to create physiologic occlusion, esthetic and masticatory function. However implant dentistry does not have the potential to adapt during growth and developmental changes. [6] Moreover it also can’t be applied to all the patients due to systemic health condition, and significant financial burden. [7-9]
CHAPTER 7 7 Cacao

Cacao, Theobroma cacao, a diploid (2n = 2x = 20) tropical tree, belongs to the family Sterculiaceae (alternatively Malvaceae sensu lato) and order Malvales. It is native to humid topics of the central and northern parts of South America. It is commonly grown in hot, rainy climates between 20◦N and 20◦S of the equator,withmaximumcultivationbetween10◦Nand 10◦S (Fig. 1). The plant is the source of chocolate and four intermediary products: cocoa cake, cocoa butter, cocoa powder, and cocoa liquor. In this chapter an overview of T. cacao, the methods used for crop improvement, and recent developments in T. cacao molecular breeding is presented.
PPA_A_293121 317..327

1Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; 2Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 3Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Wollo University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dessie, Ethiopia Introduction: Proper self-care in patients with chronic illnesses, such as heart failure is allied with the prevention or early detection of health problems and improved clinical outcomes. Even though self-care among patients with heart failure is commonly poor, a low-sodium diet, regular exercise, and weight monitoring are essential to control heart failure symptoms and exacerbation. Poor adherence to these self-care practices contributes to an increase in hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Objective: To assess adherence to self-care practices and associated factors among outpatient adult heart failure patients attending cardiac center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 2020. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to incorporate 396 heart failure patients who attended the cardiac center in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa. The study was conducted from March to April 2020. Study participants were selected by using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and from the patients’ medical records. Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 26 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of self-care practice. Those variables with p-value <0.25 in the bivariable regression analysis were entered into the multivariable regression analysis and the result were presented using tables, chart, and mean. Results: Of 396 respondents, 111 (28%) of patients with heart failure had overall good selfcare adherence. Comorbidity (AOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.07–2.624), level of knowledge (AOR: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.23–5.79) and depression (AOR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.048–5.726) were factors significantly associated with adherence to self-care practice. Conclusion: Comorbidity, inadequate knowledge, and depression were predictors of selfcare practice. As a result, nursing intervention programs regarding knowledge on heart failure are recommended for enhancing self-care practices. Self-care strategies shall target patients with depression and comorbidity.
Global Asymmetry

The average human brain is characterized by a global left-right asymmetry of shape, including a well-known ‘torque’ on the fronto-occipital axis, and less-studied differences on the dorsal-ventral axis. Torque has been claimed to be human-specific. However, the functional significance and developmental mechanisms underlying the global aspects of brain anatomical asymmetry are unknown. Here we used a registration-based approach with respect to a symmetrical template, to carry out the largest-ever analysis of global brain asymmetry in magnetic resonance imaging data. Three population datasets were used, the UK Biobank ( N = 21,389), Human Connectome Project ( N = 1,113) and BIL&GIN ( N = 453). At the population level, there was an anterior and dorsal skew of the right hemisphere, relative to the left. Variances of this skew on the anterior-occipital and dorsal-ventral axes were largely independent, but both measures were associated with handedness, as well as various regional grey and white matter metrics. Both skew measures also showed heritabilities of 5%-10%, and four potential loci were identified in genome-wide association scanning. Several phenotypic variables related to early life experiences, cognitive functions, or mental health showed associations with the skew measures. These results provide replicable associations of global brain structural asymmetry measures with left-handedness, as well as insights into molecular genetic and early life factors which may contribute to brain asymmetry.
COPD_A_257679 2037..2047

1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 2Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; 3Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 4Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain Introduction: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), endothelial dysfunction and stiffness of systemic arteries may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk. Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) is frequent in COPD. The association between PVD and systemic vascular dysfunction has not been thoroughly evaluated in COPD. Methods: A total of 108 subjects were allocated into four groups (non-smoking controls, smoking controls, COPD without PVD and COPD with PVD). In systemic arteries, endothelial dysfunction was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness by pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). PVD was defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) ≥25 mmHg at right heart catheterization or by a tricuspid regurgitation velocity >2.8 m/s at doppler echocardiography. Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial damage were assessed in peripheral blood. Results: FMD was lower in COPD patients, with or without PVD, compared to nonsmoking controls; and in patients with COPD and PVD compared to smoking controls. PWV was higher in COPD with PVD patients compared to both non-smoking and smoking controls in a model adjusted by age and the Framingham score; PWV was also higher in patients with COPD and PVD compared to COPD without PVD patients in the non-adjusted analysis. FMD and PWV correlated significantly with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and systolic PAP. FMD and PWV were correlated in all subjects. Discussion: We conclude that endothelial dysfunction of systemic arteries is common in COPD, irrespective if they have PVD or not. COPD patients with PVD show increased stiffness and greater impairment of endothelial function in systemic arteries. These findings suggest the association of vascular impairment in both pulmonary and systemic territories in a subset of COPD patients.
University of Groningen Energetics of wild-type and mutant multidrug resistance secondary transporter LmrP of Lactococcus lactis Mazurkiewicz,

LmrP, a proton/multidrug antiporter of Lactococcus lactis, transports a variety of cationic substrates. Previously, two membraneembedded acidic residues, Asp and Glu, have been reported to be important for multidrug transport activity of LmrP. Here we show that neither Glu nor Asp is essential for ethidium binding but that Glu is a critical residue for the high affinity binding of Hoechst 33342. Substitution of these two residues, however, negatively influences the transport activity. The energetics of transport was studied of two closely related cationic substrates ethidium and propidium that carry one and two positive charges, respectively. Extrusion of monovalent ethidium is dependent on both the electrical membrane potential (Dw) and transmembrane proton gradient (DpH), while extrusion of propidium predominantly depends on the DpH only. The LmrP mutants D142C and E327C, however, mediate electroneutral ethidium extrusion, but are unable to mediate DpH-dependent extrusion of propidium. These data indicate that Asp and Glu are involved in proton translocation. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
OTT_A_252886 9497..9511

1Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Oncology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology and Hematology, No. 989 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Pingdingshan, People’s Republic of China Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be involved in regulating the development of breast cancer. Paclitaxel (PTX) can be used for the chemotherapy of breast cancer. The study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0006528 in PTXresistant breast cancer progression. Methods: The levels of circ_0006528, microRNA-1299 (miR-1299) and cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). RNase R treatment was used to confirm that the circ_0006528 was a circular RNA. PTX resistance and cell proliferation were determined by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were analyzed by flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. The levels of all proteins were examined by Western blot. The interaction between circ_0006528 and miR-1299 or CDK8 was predicted by online database confirmed by dualluciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Xenograft mice model was constructed to reveal the role of circ_0006528 on tumor growth in vivo. Results: Circ_0006528 was significantly up-regulated and miR-1299 was down-regulated in PTX-resistant breast cancer tissues and cells compared with control groups. CDK8 protein expression was dramatically upregulated in PTX-resistant breast cancer tissues and cells as compared to control groups. Loss-of-function experiments revealed that circ_0006528 knockdown decreased IC50 value of PTX and restrained proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy, whereas induced apoptosis of PTX-resistant breast cancer cells in vitro. The inhibitory effects of sh-circ_0006528 on the progression of PTX-resistant breast cancer cells were reversed by decreasing miR-1299 or increasing CDK8 expression. Furthermore, circ_0006528 could modulate CDK8 expression by sponging miR-1299. Circ_0006528 silencing impeded the growth of PTX-resistant tumors by regulating miR-1299/CDK8 axis in vivo. Conclusion: Circ_0006528 partially contributed to PTX resistance of breast cancer cells through up-regulating CDK8 expression by sponging miR-1299.
Ribosome Association of GCN 2 Protein Kinase , a Translational Activator of the GCN 4 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The GCN4 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes that is regulated at the translational level according to the availability of amino acids. GCN2 is a protein kinase required for increased translation of GCN4 mRNA in amino acid-starved cells. Centrifugation of cell extracts in sucrose gradients indicated that GCN2 comigrates with ribosomal subunits and polysomes. The fraction of GCN2 cosedimenting with polysomes was reduced under conditions in which polysomes were dissociated, suggesting that GCN2 is physically bound to these structures. When the association of40S and 60S subunits was prevented by omitting Mg2e from the gradient, almost all of the GCN2 comigrated with 60S ribosomal subunits, and it remained bound to these particles during gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. GCN2 could be dissociated from 60S subunits by 0.5 M KCI, suggesting that it is loosely associated with ribosomes rather than being an integral ribosomal protein. Accumulation of GCN2 on free 43S-48S particles and 60S subunits occurred during polysome runoff in vitro and under conditions of reduced growth rate in vivo. These observations, plus the fact that GCN2 shows preferential association with free ribosomal subunits during exponential growth, suggest that GCN2 interacts with ribosomes during the translation initiation cycle. The extreme carboxyl-terminal segment ofGCN2 is essential for its interaction with ribosomes. These sequences are also required for the ability of GCN2 to stimulate GCN4 translation in vivo, leading us to propose that ribosome association by GCN2 is important for its access to substrates in the translational machinery or for detecting uncharged tRNA in amino acid-starved cells.
Efficient Generation of Program Execution Hash

Distributed computing systems often require verifiable computing techniques in case their node is untrusted. To verify a node’s computation result, proof-of-work (PoW) is often utilized as a basis of verifiable computing method; however, this mechanism is only valid for computations producing results based on specific algorithm (e.g., AES decryption). To date, there is no efficient PoW mechanism applicable to arbitrary algorithm or a computation that does not produce any tangible output (e.g., void function). This paper proposes execution hash to serve as a proof for a program’s idempotent computation result without relying on its algorithm. Two versions of execution hash generation methods were designed and implemented and the efficacy was evaluated in terms of performance and reliability. Implementation was based on LLVM/Clang 6.0 and evaluation was based on open-source software, including GNU binutils/coreutils and Google’s OSSFuzz projects.