Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bachman's Sparrow survival and nest predation response to a hardwood canopy reduction experiment

Where historical ﬁ re regimes have been disrupted, reduction in woody vegetation is often used to maintain or restore habitat for grassland and early successional birds. In pine savanna ecosystems of the southeastern USA, mechanical hardwood canopy reduction can restore pine savanna communities and is often employed on privately owned lands to improve habitat for the Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ), although scant empirical evidence exists of its effects on target or non-target species. We measured the response of a pine savanna specialist, the Bachman ’ s Sparrow ( Peucaea aestivalis ), to large-scale hardwood reduction in a before – after – control – impact design on two properties where two-year ﬁ re-return intervals were established and the Bachman ’ s Sparrow population was stable. We investigated the effects of mechanical hardwood reduction on Bachman ’ s Sparrow daily nest survival, cause-speci ﬁ c nest mortality and adult male annual survival. During the four-year study, we monitored 107 Bachman ’ s Sparrow nests, recorded 49 nest predation events, and banded 113 adult male Bachman ’ s Sparrows. We found Bachman ’ s Sparrow nest and adult survival were resilient to changes in the hardwood canopy and did not differ signi ﬁ cantly between treatment and control sites. Average annual adult male survival was 0.41 (0.32 – 0.52) and daily survival rate of nests with surveillance declined annually from 0.94 (0.92 – 0.96) to 0.88 (0.83 – 0.92). The identity of predators at nests was dominated by two snake species, black racer ( Coluber constrictor ) and corn snake ( Pantherophis guttata ). We found evidence for opposing treatment effects on the frequency of nest depredations by the dominant species; racers responded positively and corn snakes responded negatively. Our results suggest a moderate midstory canopy does not limit Bachman ’ s Sparrow vital rates when management includes frequent prescribed ﬁ re. Our results also suggest hardwood reduction to mitigate nest predation may be complicated with a diverse predator suite.
Agglomeration Mechanism of Azithromycin Dihydrate in Acetone–Water Mixtures and Optimization of the Powder Properties

The main purpose of this investigation was to investigate the agglomeration mechanism of azithromycin dihydrate in mixed water and acetone systems and improve the powder properties of azithromycin dihydrate. The solubilities and crystallization processes of azithromycin monohydrate and dihydrate in mixed water + acetone systems were measured and investigated. The solubilities of the two hydrates were very close, and the products obtained from water + acetone mixtures were strongly agglomerated. It was found that surface nucleation and growth of dihydrate on monohydrate crystals during the hydrate transformation process were the reasons which caused agglomeration. There was no hydrate transformation during the crystallization process of azithromycin in ethyl acetate, and the products were single crystals. By comparison of the powder properties of agglomerated and nonagglomerated solids, the agglomeration has a serious impact on the crystal size distribution, bulk density, and flowability.
Response of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata L.) to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer

Aim: The experiment was conducted in the Kintampo North Municipality during the 2017 cropping season from August to November to evaluate the response of cabbage to different soil amendments. Methods: It was a single factor experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. The five treatments which includes NPK 15-15-15, poultry manure, cow dung and goat manure and a control. Results: Parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, leave length, canopy diameter, head diameter and head weight. Generally, all treatments performed better than the control used in the study. Conclusions: Poultry manure performed similar to NPK 15-15-15, and were superior to all other treatments in all parameters measured. Cow dung and goat manure performed fairly well in the parameters measured. Recommendation: The study therefore recommends the application of poultry manure for improved growth, yield maximization and sustainable cabbage production. Application of cow dung and goat manure can also be adopted for appreciable yields of cabbage.
Genetic Relationship of Four Strains of Guppy (Poeciliareticulata Peters, 1859) Using RAPD-PCR Method

This study aims to determine the genetic relationship between four strains of guppy, albino full platinum (AFP), albino german yellow (AGY), top sword (TS) and guppy yellow cobra (GYC) using the RAPD-PCR method. This study used explorative method without experimental design and analyzed by descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The obtained genetic relationship data could be used as data reference for hybridization between strains of guppy fish that have been researched. The research was conducted in October 2020-April 2021. The three fish samples (AFP, TS and GYC) obtained from fish breeder in Cilengkrang-Bandung and AGY sample obtained from fish breeder in Tanggerang-Banten. Based on the results of amplification using OPA-03 primer (AGTCAGCCAC), four strains of guppy fish showed 30 DNA bands that included polymorphic and monomorphic bands. The AFP strains had 19 monomorphic bands, AGY had 21 DNA bands (20 monomorphic bands and one polymorphic bands), TS had 19 DNA bands (17 monomorphic bands and two polymorphic bands) and GYC had 15 DNA bands (14 monomorphic bands and one Original Research Article Nuradha et al.; AJBGMB, 7(4): 15-24, 2021; Article no.AJBGMB. 67970 16 polymorphic band). Phylogenetic tree analyzed by NTSys program. It is shown between AFP and AGY strains had 95% relationship index, then between TS and GYC strains had 82% relationship index and between AFP-AGY and TS-GYC had 50% relationship index.
A 25‐year climatology of low‐tropospheric temperature and humidity inversions for contrasting synoptic regimes at Neumayer Station, Antarctica

A 25‐year set of daily radiosonde data was used to investigate temperature and humidity inversions at Neumayer Station, coastal Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. For the first time, inversions were studied differentiating between different synoptic conditions and different height levels. It was shown that, generally, inversions occurred on the majority (78%) of the days, with simultaneous occurrence of humidity and temperature inversions being observed on approximately two thirds of all days. Multiple inversions are common in all seasons for cyclonic and noncyclonic conditions, however, typically occur more frequently under cyclonic conditions. The seasonality of inversion occurrence and features, that is, inversion strength, depth and vertical gradients, was analysed statistically. Different formation mechanisms depending on inversion levels and prevailing weather situations are related to typical annual courses of certain inversion features. Winter maxima were found for the features that are mostly connected to the temperature close to the surface, which is mainly a result of the negative energy balance, thus influencing surface‐based inversions. At the second level, both temperature and humidity inversions are often caused by advection of comparably warm and moist air masses related to the passage of cyclones and their frontal systems. Hence, maxima in several inversion features are found in spring and fall, when cyclonic activity is strongest. Monthly mean profiles of humidity and temperature inversions reveal that elevated inversions are often obscured in average profiles due to large variations in inversion height and depth.
The Influence of Organizational Commitment, Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation through OCB on Performance in The Pratama Tax Office Jakarta Kalideres

Realization of tax acceptance as one of the main performance indicators (IKU) Tax Office (KPP) is very important in supporting state financing. Year 2017 and 2018 KPP Pratama Jakarta Kalideres can reach the realization of acceptance which is the target of 118.48% and 139.33%. In the year 2019 the realization of acceptance did not reach the target of 96.52%. From the results of the factor-factor studies that have not achieved the achievement of target acceptance is the organizational commitment (X1), transformational Leadership (X2) and Motivation (X3) through organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) (Y1) to Performance (Y2). The number of samples in this study was all KPP employees totaling 102 people. Data collection techniques are through internal data collection, interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques using track analysis with SmartPLS processing software (Partial Least Square). The results of the hypothesis testing showed that: 1) the organizational commitments positively and significantly affect the OCB; 2) Transformational leadership is positively and significantly influential against OCB; 3) The motivation of positive and significant influence on OCB; 4) Organizational commitments have a positive and significant impact on performance; 5) Transformational leadership has a positive and significant influence on performance; 6) The motivation has a positive and significant influence on performance; 7) OCB has a positive and significant influence on performance; 8) The organizational commitment indirectly proves the influence of performance through OCB; 9) The transformational leadership indirectly also proves the influence of performance through OCB; 10) Indirect motivation also proves the influence of performance through OCB. The study concluded that an increase through understanding of organizational commitments, transformational leadership, and motivation would affect the OCB of employees who would influence improving KPP's performance. The results of this research can be a reference for the organization to understand the variables that affect the OCB as a material of study and evaluation for performance enhancement.
A Parametric Study of Piled Raft Foundation in Clay Subjected to Concentrated Loading

The use of piled raft foundation in building and infrastructure constructions is increasingly popular because of its effectiveness in reducing overall and differential settlements. Parameters influencing the performance of the piled raft foundation need to be comprehended in order to optimize the design of the piled raft system. Most of the current available literature focused on the piled raft foundation subjected to a uniform distributed load in sandy material. This parametric study aims to provide insights into the performance of the piled raft foundations subjected to concentrated loading in clay. A series of 2D finite element analyses were performed to investigate the influencing parameters affecting the load distribution and settlement behaviour of the piled raft. The results suggested that increases in both pile length and raft thickness, as well as a decrease in pile spacing would reduce the differential settlement of the piled raft. Comparatively, raft thickness was the most significant controlling parameter affecting the differential settlement. The study also revealed the importance of placing the pile nearer to the location of concentrated load as it would yield a more uniform load distribution, and hence a lower differential settlement.
Removal of Methylene Blue on Thermally Treated Natural Zeolites

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of thermal treatment (200, 400, and 600 °C) on the adsorption capacity of a natural clinoptilolite-rich zeolite (NZ) of different particle sizes for methylene blue removal from aqueous solution. The physical properties and chemical composition of the natural zeolites treated at several temperatures were determined. Powder X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the thermally treated zeolites. X-ray diffraction showed that the main crystalline phases of the thermally treated zeolites were clinoptilolite-Na, quartz, muscovite, and albite. The equilibrium measurements were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The experimentally fitted Freundlich isotherm was a better fit than the Langmuir model for methylene blue adsorption onto the thermally treated zeolites. The adsorption of methylene blue on the thermally treated natural zeolites was shown to involve chemisorption.
Radioisotope Co-57 incorporated layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as a cancer imaging agent

Radioisotope Co-57 was stably incorporated into a framework of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles through isomorphous substitution. An in vitro cellular uptake test resulted in ∼45 ID% high radioactivity delivering efficiency. In vivo biodistribution demonstrated time-dependent tumor accumulation of Co-57 by LDH showing high tumor-to-organ ratios.
Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) as a Rehabilitation Approach for Reducing Mixed Chronic Pain in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders

“Mixed pain” is a term recently introduced to define the overlapping of nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic pain. To date, it has been reported that pharmacological treatments might have a modest effectiveness on patients affected by mixed chronic pain, with detrimental consequences in terms of disability, physical function and health-related quality of life. In this scenario, Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS), a mini-invasive neuromodulation technique, has been recently suggested as a promising approach for the complex management of mixed pain in musculoskeletal disorders. Albeit PENS showed to be effective in reducing unspecified pain in several chronic pain conditions, there is still a lack of evidence in the literature about its role in the management of neuropathic or mixed pain not responsive to pharmacological treatments. Therefore, by the present scoping review, we portray the potential effects of PENS in the multidisciplinary and multidimensional management of mixed chronic pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
Carotenoid Accumulation and the Expression of Carotenoid Metabolic Genes in Mango during Fruit Development and Ripening

Carotenoids are considered to be important components in mango fruits. However, there is a lack of understanding about the regulation of carotenoids in mango. To gain an insight into the carotenoid metabolism pathway, carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes were investigated in the peel and pulp of mango during fruit development and ripening in three cultivars, ‘Kaituk’, ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4′, and ‘Nam Dok Mai Sithong’, which are different in color. The highest carotenoid content was observed in ‘Kaituk’, followed by ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4′ and ‘Nam Dok Mai Sithong’, with the major carotenoid being β-carotene. The gene expression analysis found that carotenoid metabolism in mango fruit was primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. The changing patterns of carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression (MiPSY, MiPDS, MiZDS, MiCRTISO, MiLCYb, MiLCYe, MiHYb, and MiZEP) were similar to carotenoid accumulation, and ‘Kaituk’ exhibited a higher expression level than the other two cultivars. In addition, the differential regulation of carotenoid catabolic genes was found to be a mechanism responsible for variability in carotenoid content among the three mango cultivars. The expression of carotenoid catabolic genes (MiCCD1, MiNCED2, and MiNCED3) more rapidly decreased in ‘Kaituk’, resulting in a larger amount of carotenoids in ‘Kaituk’ than the other two cultivars.
Rapid Broadleave Encroachment in a Temperate Bog Induces Species Richness Increase and Compositional Turnover

ABSTRACT Numerous temperate peatlands are currently experiencing an accelerated process of woody encroachment. Such encroachment may have harmful impacts on peatland biodiversity and functions. Our objective was to investigate the recent history of woody encroachment in a temperate bog using plant macrofossil, testate amoeba, aerial photograph analyses, and plant inventories. We also explored some plausible triggering drivers of the phenomenon and its impacts on plant richness, composition, and beta diversity. We showed that the recent woody encroachment was mainly associated with the native Betula populifolia and the exotic Frangula alnus. It began in the 1960s at the bog margins following a decrease in the water table and recurrent fire events, both likely associated with agricultural activities in the surrounding catchment. We found an increase in species richness with tree cover and basal area, but no effect of tree encroachment on beta diversity. Still, we found a significant compositional turnover from light-demanding bog specialists to terrestrial, exotic or ruderal species with tree basal area. It seems unlikely that the bog will naturally come back to its previous unforested state on a human life's timescale as the observed changes are related to regional factors rather than in situ disturbance.
Proteins as hair styling agents

The perming of hair is a common styling procedure with negative impact on the overall properties of the hair fibers. Usually, this process uses harsh chemicals to promote the disruption of disulfide bonds and the formation of new bonds to change the shape of hair. Here, we explored bovine serum albumin (BSA), silk fibroin (SF), keratin and two fusion recombinant proteins (KP-UM and KP-Cryst) as new perming agents. A phosphate buffer prepared at different pH values (5, 7 and 9) was used to apply the proteins to virgin Asian hair, and a hot BaByliss was used to curl the hair fibers. To assess the potential of the protein formulations for hair styling, the perming efficiency and the perming resistance to wash were measured. Furthermore, the fiber water content was evaluated to assess if the proteins protected the hair during the styling process. Despite all of the proteins being able to assist in the curling of Asian hair, the best perming efficiency and perming resistance to wash results were observed for BSA and keratin. These proteins showed perming efficiency values close to that measured for a commercial perming product (chemical method), particularly at pH 5 and 9. The increase in the hair’s internal and external water contents revealed a protective effect provided by the proteins during the application of heat in the styling procedure. This study shows the potential of proteins to be used in the development of new eco-friendly hair styling products.
Large lakes as sources and sinks of anthropogenic heat: Capacities and limits

The goal of reducing carbon fuel and thereby saving energy will increase the use of lake water for heating and cooling of riparian infrastructures. This raises the question of which heat use designs meet the ecological and technical requirements for lakes, particularly in regard to climate warming. Thus, this study explores heat use effects on the temperature and stratification of a large, deep, temperate lake by applying the one‐dimensional k‐epsilon model SimStrat to various forcing scenarios. Several design parameters, such as extraction and discharge depth, and their effects were assessed. Additionally, 21st century climate projections were used to evaluate the effects of climate change relative to those of heat use. Generally, the study showed only minor effects for a realistic heat demand of ±2 W m−2 quite independent of the heat extraction/discharge modes. Mean water temperature changed less than ±0.2°C as long as there was no discharge into the deepest layers. Water extraction and discharge at the surface had the least thermal influence. To relate to climate change, heat use was scaled up to +85 W m−2. Resultant simulations showed that such (unrealistic) anthropogenic, lake‐based “thermal pollution” would have a comparable influence to that of climate change. Conversely, heat extraction could damp or even compensate climate‐induced warming. The present study concludes that (i) there are minor effects on water temperatures, stratification, and seasonal mixing due to heat use of up to ±2 W m−2 and (ii) those influences are insignificant relative to the expected climate change.
Erythrocyte membrane and renal function in relation to hypertension in rats of the Milan hypertensive strain

Summary 1. The aim of this study was to compare certain renal and erythrocyte functions in the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) of rats and in normotensive control animals (MNS). 2. Under experimental conditions close to those in conscious unmanipulated animals, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per g kidney weight was higher and the kidney weight/body weight ratio lower in MHS than in MNS rats (P < 0-001). This suggests that there is increased transtubular ion transport in MHS animals. 3. The MHS rats had a higher rate constant for outward Na+-K+ cotransport than the MNS animals (P < 0.02), their intra-erythrocyte sodium concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) and their erythrocyte volume was smaller (P < 0.00 1). Therefore, accelerated cell membrane sodium outward cotransport seems to reset the volume and the sodium content of the erythrocytes of MHS rats at a lower level. 4. We speculate that increased transport of ions across the cell membrane may be an abnormality common to erythrocytes and renal tubular cells in MHS rats.
Does Hyperoxia Restrict Pyrenean Rock Lizards Iberolacerta bonnali to High Elevations?

Ectothermic animals living at high elevation often face interacting challenges, including temperature extremes, intense radiation, and hypoxia. While high-elevation specialists have developed strategies to withstand these constraints, the factors preventing downslope migration are not always well understood. As mean temperatures continue to rise and climate patterns become more extreme, such translocation may be a viable conservation strategy for some populations or species, yet the effects of novel conditions, such as relative hyperoxia, have not been well characterised. Our study examines the effect of downslope translocation on ectothermic thermal physiology and performance in Pyrenean rock lizards (Iberolacerta bonnali) from high elevation (2254 m above sea level). Specifically, we tested whether models of organismal performance developed from low-elevation species facing oxygen restriction (e.g., hierarchical mechanisms of thermal limitation hypothesis) can be applied to the opposite scenario, when high-elevation organisms face hyperoxia. Lizards were split into two treatment groups: one group was maintained at a high elevation (2877 m ASL) and the other group was transplanted to low elevation (432 m ASL). In support of hyperoxia representing a constraint, we found that lizards transplanted to the novel oxygen environment of low elevation exhibited decreased thermal preferences and that the thermal performance curve for sprint speed shifted, resulting in lower performance at high body temperatures. While the effects of hypoxia on thermal physiology are well-explored, few studies have examined the effects of hyperoxia in an ecological context. Our study suggests that high-elevation specialists may be hindered in such novel oxygen environments and thus constrained in their capacity for downslope migration.