Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Role Does Firm Size Play?

The paper analyzes the gender pay gap in private‐sector management positions based on German panel data and using fixed‐effects models. It deals with the effect of occupational sex segregation on wages, and the extent to which wage penalties for managers in predominantly female occupations are moderated by firm size. Drawing on economic and organizational approaches and the devaluation of women’s work, we find wage penalties for female occupations in management only in large firms. This indicates a pronounced devaluation of female occupations, which might be due to the longer existence, stronger formalization, or more established “old‐boy networks” of large firms. JEL Classification: B54, J16, J24, J31, J71, L2, M51
A study on transition of rainfed and irrigated farmers towards organic farming

An organic farmer behavior (OFB) framework will provide the passion to accelerate wilderness organic farming within the smallholder farmer community, which is a fundamental area in global farmland agriculture. In order to understand the behavioural change of farmers in transition towards organic farming study was conducted in Mandya and Mysore district by selecting irrigated and rainfed farmers who were in transition towards organic farming during 2019. Ninty farmers from irrigated and ninty farmers from rainfed were selected purposively for the study. The results revealed that in both the situations organic transition was moderately influenced by their age, education, land holding, farming experience and livestock possession. Whereas extension contact, extension participation and organizational participation were greatly influenced the transition farmers. Most importantly training on organic farming has a great influence on transition towards organic farming which inturn results in moderate (41.11%) to greater (33.89%) extent of behavioural change towards organic farming.
Assessment of genetic diversity of aerobic rice germplasm using SSR markers

Rice is staple food for every second person on the globe but its cultivation demands a very high proportion of agricultural water available on earth. With the current trends of water usage and cultivation practices followed for rice, soon the water would become a scarce resource. Among the alternative methods available for cultivation of paddy with limited water, aerobic rice cultivation is the most economically and environmentally feasible option. Systematic breeding programs for aerobic rice varieties have been very few thus allowing a very narrow understanding about the genetic diversity present among rice lines that can be good candidates for aerobic cultivation. Since understanding the genetic diversity of a set of lines is pre-requisite for a successful breeding program, this study has been conducted using 110 germplasm lines collected from different parts of the country and a set of 58 SSR markers were used for polymorphism. Out of 58 markers used, 40 were found to be polymorphic thus making the overall polymorphism percentage 69.0%. The polymorphism percentage ranged from 55.6% (Chr. 12) to 100% (Chr. 8). The PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) values for the polymorphic markers ranged from 0.55 (RM525) to 0.98 (RM488) with an average of 0.84. Number of alleles recorded per marker ranged from minimum 2 to maximum 4 (average 2.63 alleles) and the total number of alleles scored is 105. A total of three markers (RM572, RM1367 and RM38) showed presence of alleles of four different sizes in the germplasm. Out of the remaining markers, 19 markers had 3 alleles each and 18 markers had 2 alleles each. As a result of diversity analysis the genotypes grouped into four distinct clusters (I, II, III, IV) with 22, 9, 65 and 14 genotypes respectively which further diverged into two sub-clusters each (Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb). Cluster I predominantly contained varieties and landraces for irrigated conditions that were tested under aerobic cultivation in this study. Cluster II had lines that have established under aerobic situations and are also being used as competent parents for aerobic rice breeding. The third cluster with maximum number of genotypes (65) was dominated by ARC (Assam Rice Collection) lines and the last cluster was a mixture of lines suitable for aerobic cultivation and landraces from Tamilnadu. The present study is thus an attempt to understand the genetic relatedness/ diversity of rice germplasm to enable selection of diverse lines from different clusters to be used as candidates in future research towards aerobic rice breeding.
Genetic diversity analysis of QPM (Zea mays L.) inbreds using morphological characters

Genetic divergence among parents is of paramount importance in selecting them for hybridization programme. D2 statistics used to measure the genetic divergence among the genotypes has been successfully utilized by the breeders to analyze the morphological diversity. Hybridization is one the tools to create variability. One may create more variability through hybridization when parents are diversed. Hence, genetic diversity in the parents is a prerequisite for crop improvement programmes. The genetic divergence among 25 genotypes of QPM inbreds were estimated by using Mahalanobis D2 statistic for eleven characters. The twenty five maize genotypes were grouped into seven different clusters based on the Inter-genetic distance. This indicates the presence of considerable diversity in the genotypes studied. Clustering pattern indicated that 15 out of 25 genotypes belongs to the same cluster that is cluster I followed by cluster IV with 4 genotypes, cluster III with 2 genotypes and cluster II, V, VI and VII having 1 genotype (mono-genotypic). The average intra cluster distance range from 3.19 to 12.11. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster IV (12.11), followed by cluster I (9.18), cluster III (3.19). Cluster II exhibited close proximity with cluster VI (9.22) and maximum divergence with cluster VII (50.23). Cluster III was nearest to cluster VII (15.32), while it was farthest from cluster II (33.02). Cluster IV showed close proximity with cluster V (19.13) and maximum divergence with cluster VI (29.47). Cluster V exhibited intimate relation with cluster VII (22.29) and wide diversity with cluster VI (57.85). Farthest clusters for Cluster VI is Cluster VII (39.07). Percent contribution of eleven quantitative characters to total divergence were found maximum for ear length (27.67 %) and minimum for No. of kernel rows per ear (0.33 %). The analysis of divergence indicated significant differences among parental lines for all the agro-morphological characters. On the basis of results obtained in the present investigation, it was concluded that the allelic diversity can be used for future breeding program. The traits under study are also major yield contributing traits and are largely associated with each other. Therefore, these traits should be taken into consideration either simultaneously or alone for selecting a high yielding maize genotype.
Music as a resource for psychological health for music professionals: A Nordic survey

Purpose: Interest in the health relevance of music has been growing rapidly, yet few studies have addressed the protective role of music for music professionals themselves. In the current study, we investigated music professionals’ (music teachers, music therapists, musicians and academics) health, particularly their uses of music as a resource for their psychological health. Design: An online survey (N = 504) for music professionals was conducted across four Nordic countries. Participants responded to questions on music as a resource for psychological health and assessed their general levels of health and health behaviors. Their self-reported health was compared to similar prior data from the general Danish population (N = 14,022). Findings: Music professionals demonstrated high levels of self-reported health and health behaviors and approved of the idea of music as a resource for their psychological health. The most important psychological function of music for them was that music provided affective experiences. Music also provided feelings of belonging and supported mood regulation, but did not really offer relaxation or help to concentrate. Music teachers and therapists reported significantly higher use of music as a personal resource for psychological health than musicians and academics. Value: The results provide new insights into music playing a dual role – professional and personal resource – for different types of music professionals. The findings have relevance for how to address music in the training of musicians and create grounds for dialogue about the role of music for music professionals in comparison to laymen.
High-resolution optical constants of crystalline ammonium nitrate for infrared remote sensing of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer

Abstract. Infrared spectroscopic observations have shown that crystalline ammonium nitrate (AN) particles are an abundant constituent of the upper tropospheric aerosol layer which is formed during the Asian summer monsoon period, the so-called Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). At upper tropospheric temperatures, the thermodynamically stable phase of AN is different from that at 298 K, meaning that presently available room-temperature optical constants of AN, that is, the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index, cannot be applied for the quantitative analysis of these infrared measurements. In this work, we have retrieved the first low-temperature data set of optical constants for crystalline AN in the 800–6000 cm−1 wavenumber range with a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm−1. The optical constants were iteratively derived from an infrared extinction spectrum of 1 µm sized AN particles suspended in a cloud chamber at 223 K. The uncertainties of the new data set were carefully assessed in a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. We show that our data accurately fit aircraft-borne infrared measurements of ammonium nitrate particles in the ATAL.
Sensory evaluation and microbial analysis of rose petal jam

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Department, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Raj.) during August, 2017 to January 2018 to analyze sensory evaluation and microbial count of rose petal jam during storage. The rose petal jam combination were studied at monthly interval up to 90 days storage duration. All sensory characters were found decreasing during storage. The rose petal jam treatment combination T3 rose petal + sugar (1:1.25w/w) was found best having higher score pertaining to colour, texture and overall acceptability except flavour and taste which was found best in treatment combination T1 rose petal + sugar (1:0.75w/w). In respect to microbial count minimum fungal and bacterial growth (1.00 cfu X 10 g 1 and 1.00 cfu X 10 g respectively) were recorded in treatment combination T3 rose petal + sugar (1:1.25w/w) at 90 days of storage.
A proposal for the revitalization of socially-inactive urban spaces

The notion of “biophilia” refers to our innate and genetically determined affinity to nature. Despite having numerous benefits on our well-being and on how we perceive our environments, facts proven by a significant amount of scientific research, biophilia in the sphere of lighting design is a relatively untapped niche. Therefore, this thesis seeks to investigate the combination of biophilic patterns with modern technology with the intention to implement them in socially-inactive urban spaces as a mean of fast and effective revitalization. The overall goal is to establish new knowledge on creating, implementing and fine-tuning biophilic dynamic light projections. Through an extensive literature & case study review, design experimentation and atmosphere perception test, valuable knowledge on the notions of “preference for biophilic patterns”, “visual complexity”, “speed of change” and “value-add of interactivity” was developed. It is concluded that biophilic patterns are more positively perceived than their non-biophilic counterparts. Moreover, overall preference for complexity lies at a low to medium degree, while with speed of change, it is overall determined that a low value is inherently more pleasant, with negative consequences on the perception of atmosphere if increased. Additionally, adding the possibility to interact with the biophilic pattern provides overall better perception of safety and atmosphere. On the creation of patterns, the author recommends solutions based on the size of the space: with video projectors and the software Processing as ideal for small-scale implementation, while gobo projectors are recommended for large-scale projects. Copyright © 2018. This report and/or appended material may not be partly or completely published or copied without prior written approval from the authors. Neither may the contents be used for commercial purposes without this written approval.
Hypertension and Alcohol: A Mechanistic Approach

Hypertension is a global public health challenge and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Alcohol is one of the most frequently abused substances around the world. The financial implications of treating hypertension are also significant. Developing successful strategies to prevent hypertension may be as important, if not more important, than managing the disease once it arises. In this review we assess the relationship between alcohol use and hypertension development. We have searched the available literature using the PubMed database and identified studies that discussed the relationship between alcohol use and either primary or any of the common causes of secondary hypertension. We found that heavy alcohol use was almost invariably associated with increased risk of developing primary hypertension, regardless of the age or gender of the participants. The relationship between low or moderate alcohol use and hypertension is less clear and some evidence even points towards possible protective effects. The pathophysiology behind the association is incompletely understood and a number of mechanisms have been proposed. Heavy alcohol use also increases the risk of insulin resistance and obstructive sleep apnea, known causes of secondary hypertension. It has also been linked to a state of hypercortisolism, sometimes called pseudo-Cushing state. Moderate alcohol consumption may be protective against diabetes and hyperthyroidism associated with Graves' disease. Overall, public health efforts should address the issue of heavy alcohol use. There does not appear to be enough evidence to recommend abstinence to those consuming low amounts of alcohol with the aim of protecting against hypertension. We believe that the current understanding of the issue is insufficient and that more both basic science and clinical research needs to be done.
Feline Calicivirus Prevalence among Cats in Turkey’s Kayseri Province

ABST RACT Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen, which is common in the cat population. The present study investigated the prevalence of FCV and potential risk factors for infection in the cat population in Turkey’s Kayseri province. The study group comprised clinically healthy cats (n = 67) and cats displaying signs of FCV infection (n = 26). The animals varied in term of breed, age, gender, vaccination status, and housing status (shelter vs. outdoor). Swab samples were obtained and tested for FCV using a commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and semi-nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay with a new primer design. From a total of 93, ten samples were positive for FCV according to the ELISA, and 18 samples were positive according to the semi-nested RT-PCR test. The positivity rate was found to be higher in semi-nested RT-PCR than ELISA. The overall prevalence of FCV infection was 19.35% (18/93). A risk factor analysis revealed that breed, age, gender, housing status and vaccination status were not risk factors for FCV. There was a statistically significant difference only in clinically healthy cats and symptomatic cats (p < 0.001). The study revealed the presence of FCV in both asymptomatic cats and vaccinated cats. The semi-nested RT-PCR with newly designed primers may be beneficial for researchers.
Response to comments from anonymous referee #1 Title: Laboratory and numerical experiments on stem waves due to monochromatic waves along a vertical wall

In this study, both laboratory and numerical experiments are conducted to investigate stem waves propagating along a vertical wall developed by the incidence of monochromatic waves. The results show the following features: For small amplitude waves, the wave heights along the wall show a slowly varying undulation. Normalized wave heights perpendicular to the wall show a standing wave pattern. Thus, overall wave pattern in the case of small amplitude waves show a typical diffraction pattern around a semi-infinite thin breakwater. As the amplitude of incident waves increases, both 15 the undulation intensity and the asymptotic normalized wave height decrease along the wall. For larger amplitude waves with smaller angle of incidence, the measured data show clearly stem waves. Numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the results of laboratory experiments. The results of present experiments support favorably the existence and the properties of stem waves found by other researchers using numerical simulations. The characteristics of the stem waves generated by the incidence of monochromatic Stokes waves are compared with those of the Mach stem of solitary waves. 20
PR ] 2 M ay 2 01 8 PRICING EUROPEAN OPTION WITH THE SHORT RATE UNDER SUBDIFFUSIVE FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of option pricing when the short rate follows subdiffusive fractional Merton model. We incorporate the stochastic nature of the short rate in our option valuation model and derive explicit formula for call and put option and discuss the corresponding fractional Black-Scholes equation. We present some properties of this pricing model for the cases of α and H . Moreover, the numerical simulations illustrate that our model is flexible and easy to implement.
Short Version of Self-Assessment Scale of Job Performance

Título: Versión reducida de la Escala de Autoevaluación del Desempeño en el Trabajo. Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo reducir la Escala de autoevaluación de Desempeño en el trabajo, como también controlar el direccionamiento de respuesta y aprobación, utilizando la técnica de viñetas y ítems invertidos. Se utilizó el banco de datos de la escala original, compuesta por 20 ítems divididos en dos factores: tarea y contexto. Para la reducción, fueron elegidos los 10 ítems con mayores cargas factoriales y thresholds. La escala reducida fue estimada por un factor general y dos dimensiones específicas: Tarea y Contexto, representando un modelo bifactor, con indicadores de ajustes adecuados (RMSEA = 0,05; TLI = 0,98). Para controlar el direccionamiento de respuesta y aprobación, fue realizada una colecta de datos, en la cual las respuestas fueron recodificadas y realizados análisis factoriales con la finalidad de realizar una comparación de los resultados con y sin la utilización de viñetas y ítems invertidos. Los resultados apuntaron a que las viñetas mejoraron las cargas factoriales de los análisis, y que los ítems invertidos no tuvieron mejores resultados además de las viñetas. Palabras clave: Desempeño en el trabajo; Autoevaluación de rendimiento; Direccionamiento de respuesta. Abstract: This paper aims to reduce the job performance self-assessment scale as well as control the response bias and acquiescence bias using vignettes anchors and inverted items. The original scale database was composed of 20 items divided into two factors: task and context. For the reduction, the ten items with higher factor loads and thresholds were chosen. The reduced scale was estimated by a general factor and two specific dimensions: task and context, representing a bifactor model, with adequate adjustment indicators (RMSEA = .05; TLI = .98). To control response bias and acquiescence, a second study was carried out, in which the responses were recoded and factor analyses were performed in order to make a comparison of the results with and without the use of the vignettes and inverted items. The results indicated that the vignettes improved the factorial loads; however, the reversed items did not perform better than the vignettes.
Flag leaf vein traits and their correlation with photosynthesis and grain yield in wheat genotypes of differing ploidy

Leaf venation and coupled physiological function of wild plants co-evolve during the natural selection. How artificial selection affects leaf vein traits and coordinated physiological functions of main crops are largely unknown. This study examined the changes of leaf vein traits and their correlation with gas exchange of flag leaves and yield in eight wheat genotypes of differing ploidy under the same growing conditions. The results indicate that flag leaf vein density (VLA), major-vein density (VLAmajor), and minor-vein density (VLAminor) decreased whereas the proportion of minor-vein length and interveinal distance between small longitudinal veins (IVD) increased during the polyploidization process, and the major advance occurred from the period from diploids to tetraploids. The VLA, VLAmajor, and VLAminor were closely coordinated with maximum net photosynthetic rate (PN) and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), but not with stomatal conductance. The proportion of minor-vein length and IVD were negatively related with PN and PNUE but positively related with N content per area (Narea) during wheat evolution. A higher proportion of minor-vein length and IVD, and a lower VLAmajor in flag leaves along with a larger Narea were largely responsible for the increased yield in modern cultivars. The decreased redundancy of leaf vein density and increased minor-vein proportion in modern cultivars can confer a yield advantage during wheat evolution.
An extended evaluation of the weathering hypothesis for birthweight

Background: Prior weathering research finds that US-born Black women experience more rapidly deteriorating birthweight outcomes at older ages than US-born White women. Objective: The present study extends this literature by evaluating maternal age–birthweight associations across a variety of racial/ethnic-nativity groups. Methods: Race/ethnicity-nativity stratified average marginal effects of maternal age on low and very low birthweight are estimated using data from 2014 through 2018 US cohort natality files. Results: Older maternal ages at birth are associated with higher probabilities of low and very low birthweight for most racial/ethnic-nativity groups. Consistent with the weathering hypothesis, birth at older maternal ages (e.g., 30‒34 or 40+) is more predictive of low and very low birthweight for US-born Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and US-born Mexican American women than for US-born Whites. In contrast, some foreign-born populations exhibit relatively weak relationships between maternal age and low birthweight, suggesting the role of healthy immigrant selection. Contribution: Some disadvantaged racial/ethnic-nativity groups ‒ US-born Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and US-born Mexican American women ‒ exhibit more rapid increases in the risk of low birthweight at older maternal ages than US-born White women. These patterns are consistent with the weathering hypothesis. Future research may benefit from using linked family data and sibling modeling approaches to estimate causal models of weathering.