Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pleistocene marine and periglacial deposits of the English Channel

The Pleistocene marine and associated periglacial deposits of the coasts of southern England from Cornwall to Sussex, the British Channel Islands, and northern France from Brittany and Normandy to the Pas de Calais are described. The deposition of almost all marine deposits is ascribed to temperate conditions, although large igneous erratic boulders may have been emplaced by shore‐ice rafting at the end or beginning of cold stages. The balance of the evidence from a variety of dating methods including U‐series dating, amino‐acid geochronology and biostratigraphy of associated terrestrial formations indicates that deposits of the last three pre‐Holocene temperate marine oxygen isotope stages (stages 9, 7 and substage 5e) can readily be identified along much of both coastlines of the Channel. Deposits attributable to stages 11 and 13 are uncommon and best seen in the staircase of marine terraces backing the Hampshire–Sussex coastal plain and perhaps in western Brittany and the Boulonnais. The height above modern sea‐level of the marine deposits is thought to be the result of slow uplift of the coastal zone caused by the isostatic response to sediment unloading during accelerated phases of erosion in cold stages, although deep‐seated tectonics also may have been partly responsible for uplift. However, the height above modern sea‐level of a deposit alone is not on its own an indicator of age.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-Assisted Enhanced Spatial Modulation for Future Wireless Networks

Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been exhibited as a promising candidate for sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. Moreover, the concept of index modulation (IM) and its variants as spatial modulation (SM), has been adapted as another solution to improve the spectral efficiency (SE) and the energy efficiency (EE) for these wireless systems. Leveraging the inherent advantages of both SM and RIS, this paper proposes a dual hup RIS-based SM (DH RIS-SM) scheme. In addition, a novel RIS-based enhanced spatial modulation (RIS-ESM) scheme is proposed for further performance enhancement. In the proposed RIS-ESM scheme, information bits are conveyed by the indexes of the active antennas in addition to the constellations transmitted from each one of them with primary and secondary modulations, which in turns leads to significant improvements in both the SE and the EE. Moreover, for further EE enhancement, this paper proposes RIS-ESM- $P_{8}$ , as a variant of the proposed ESM scheme, in which the primary modulation is subdivided into two subgroups and the lower-energy subgroup is used in a larger number of combinations. A mathematical framework is presented by using a greedy detector for the calculation of the bit error probability (BEP) for the DH RIS-SM scheme. Also, the simulation results show that the proposed RIS-ESM schemes outperforms the conventional RIS-SM schemes in terms of the SE and the EE.
Appendix 3B-3: Preliminary Assessment of Sulfur Sources, Trends and Effects in the Everglades

Note: With the exception of general proofreading and reformatting for consistency with other SFER documents, Appendix 3B-3 was not substantively edited by the SFER production staff. This appendix was provided by the above-listed authors with several affiliations and does not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the South Florida Water Management District and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.
Etch pits on naturally altered olivine from dunites of the Appalachian Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina, USA

Abstract Naturally weathered olivine from metamorphosed, tectonized metadunite is corroded by funnel-shaped etch pits. Large etch pits form by weathering, and are not inherited from pre-weathering alteration of these rocks. Comparison of etch pits on olivine in naturally weathered metadunite with naturally weathered olivine phenocrysts from volcanic rocks suggests that olivine etch pits are similar in all sample suites, despite differences in crystallization and weathering/exposure ages, and regolith history.
22. PALEOMAGNETISM OF GABBROIC ROCKS AND PERIDOTITES FROM SITES 894 AND 895, LEG 147, HESS DEEP: RESULTS OF HALF-CORE AND WHOLE-CORE MEASUREMENTS1

During Leg 147, in addition to measurements made on minicore samples, remanent magnetization of the archive half of the split core was measured using the cryogenic magnetometer. Magnetic susceptibility was measured on whole cores using the multisensor track aboard the JOIDES Resolution. High intensities of natural remanent magnetization were observed in the gabbroic rocks and the peridotites, which suggests that the lower oceanic crust to upper mantle section contributes significantly to the marine magnetic anomalies. Many of the measurements made on both the gabbroic rocks and the peridotites indicated the presence of secondary magnetizations probably acquired during drilling. The observed secondary magnetization is of mixed polarities regardless of the lithology. Similar values for the average stable inclinations obtained from both sites, which are significantly steeper than the expected value of zero, suggest that both sites experienced a similar post-cooling tectonic rotation with respect to the horizontal axis.
Leasing, Ability to Repossess, and Debt Capacity∗†

This paper studies the role of leasing of productive assets. When capital is leased (or rented), it is more easily repossessed and hence leasing has higher debt capacity than secured lending and relaxes financing constraints. However, leasing gives rise to an agency problem with regard to the care with which the leased asset is used or maintained. We show that this implies that more credit constrained firms lease capital, while less credit constrained firms buy capital. Our theory is consistent with the explanation of leasing provided by leasing firms, namely that leasing “preserves capital,” which is generally considered a fallacy in the academic literature. We provide empirical evidence that small and credit constrained firms lease a considerably larger fraction of their capital than larger and less constrained firms. JEL Classification: D23; D92; E22; G31; G32; G33. ∗We thank Douglas Baird, Francisco Buera, Allan Collard-Wexler, Michael Fishman, Kathleen Hagerty, Ravi Jagannathan, Dirk Jenter, Steven Kaplan, Mitchell Petersen, Corrado Rampini, Artur Raviv, David Scharfstein, and seminar participants at Northwestern, Stanford, Berkeley, Duke, LSE, UNC, Wharton, Illinois, Imperial College, Ohio State, Yale, HBS, Chicago, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, San Francisco, Chicago, and New York, for comments, Lynn Riggs for assistance with the data, and Olesya Baker for excellent research assistance. Eisfeldt: Department of Finance, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208. Phone: (847) 491-7843. Email: a-eisfeldt@northwestern.edu. Rampini: Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, 1 Towerview Drive, Durham, NC, 27705. Phone: (919) 660-7797. Email: rampini@duke.edu. †DISCLAIMER: The research in this paper was conducted while the authors were Census Bureau research associates at the Chicago Census Research Data Center. Research results and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily indicate concurrence by the Bureau of the Census. This paper has been screened to ensure that no confidential data are revealed. Support for this research at the Chicago RDC from NSF (awards no. SES-0004335 and ITR-0427889) is also gratefully acknowledged.
Use and Application of Selective Inventory Control Techniques for a Chemical Processing Plant

-This paper presents the implementation of an improved inventory management and control system of a chemical processing industry. Inventory management system involves the procurement, stocking, and issue of materials to the maintenance department as and when required. Inventory management is the main area in which many process industries are suffering. The work is concentrated on the inventory management problems of a chlor-alkali industry. The aim of this work is to design inventory models for such a system in a process industry. The existing system of inventory control of spares reveals that past data cannot be taken as the major decision criteria. The important decision making criterion related to spares is criticality, lead time and consumption value which need to be accounted for effective control of inventory management in the organization. Data are collected from various sources like log books, ledgers, annual financial statements and published articles of the company. Interview method is used to collect primary data regarding the existing inventory management system. ABC Analysis, selective ABC and VED analysis, lead time and service level are incorporated in order to obtain 3D models and suggestions were given to improve the inventory management of spares. The key performance indicators were also established to give benchmark operations. Simulation technique is used to obtain the optimum reorder quantity and minimum total cost, which are also analyzed in this paper.
Climate Alarm: Disasters increase as climate change bites

Climatic disasters are increasing as temperatures climb and rainfall intensifies. A rise in small- and medium-scale disasters is a particularly worrying trend. Yet even extreme weather need not bring disasters; it is poverty and powerlessness that make people vulnerable. Though more emergency aid is needed, humanitarian response must do more than save lives: it has to link to climate change adaptation and bolster poor people’s livelihoods through social protection and disaster risk reduction approaches.
SEASAT scatterometer detection of gale force winds near tropical cyclones

Hurricane center advisories specifying the radius of gale force winds (GFW) in tropical cyclones are severely limited by inadequate data. Their accuracy is especially vulnerable in the data void tropical ocean regions. The SEASAT-A satellite scatterometer (SASS) sensed surface winds associated with numerous tropical cyclones. Although instrument design ruled out retrieval of winds within the inner core of the storm, surface truth studies indicate SASS can detect the threshold of gale force winds (17–18−1) with an accuracy comparable to the original SEASAT specifications (±2 ms−1 or 10% and ±20°). Accurate and abundant SASS observations were thus used as verification for advisories specifying the radius of gale force winds for tropical cyclones in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins. Advisories were found to consistently overestimate the radius of GFW, often by a factor of two in the Central Pacific. Large asymmetries in the GFW distribution measured by SASS were often in considerable disagreement with symmetric circular and semicircular advisory values. However, advisories that had access to low-level aircraft data closely matched SASS measured GFW values.
Where does free convection (buoyancy and density driven) flow occur

Summary Close physical analysis of free convection and the associated vertical buoyancy and density forces shows that they do not exist in a natural continental subsurface environment. All density and buoyancy derived forces need to be included by modifying the length of the pressure potential forces of fresh water force fields regardless if fresh water is present at that position. As a consequence, adjustments should be made in dealing with the migration of hydrocarbons and CO2 as well as in regard to our understanding of present day and past geological processes as for example dolomitization. The chemical and hydrodynamic pattern at the Abu Dhabi sabkhas are determined by groundwater flow systems, not by free convection.
Modelling the thickness of landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

Abstract Landfast sea ice forms and remains fixed along the coast for most of its life time. In Prydz Bay, landfast ice is seasonal due to melting, mechanical breakage and drift of ice in summer. Its annual cycle of thickness and temperature was examined using a one-dimensional thermodynamic model. Model calibration was made for March 2006 to March 2007 with forcing based on the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition data, which consisted of in situ ice and snow observations and meteorological records at the Zhongshan Station. The observed maximum annual ice thickness was 1.74 m. The ice broke and drifted out in summer when its thickness was 0.5–1.0 m. Oceanic heat flux was estimated by tuning the model with observed ice thickness. In the growth season, it decreased from 25 W m-2 to 5 W m-2, and in summer it recovered back to 25 W m-2. Albedo was important in summer; by model tuning the estimated value was 0.6, consistent with the ice surface being bare all summer. Snow cover was thin, having a minor role. The results can be used to further our understanding of the importance of landfast ice in Antarctica for climate research and high-resolution ice–ocean modelling.
Reflexivity: Freedom Or Habit of Gender?

The increasing significance of Bourdieu’s social theory in the social sciences and humanities has been noted by a number of writers (Fowler, 1997; Painter, 2000; Shusterman, 1999). In this chapter I am concerned to map this influence in recent accounts of gender in late modern societies. More specifically, I aim to map this influence on a specific thesis which is common (either implicitly or explicitly) to a number of contemporary feminist analyses of gender transformations. This thesis draws on Bourdieu’s arguments about social transformation and especially his arguments regarding the constitution of a critical reflexive stance towards formerly normalized – or at least, taken-for-granted – social conditions. More particularly, this thesis draws on the Bourdieusian argument that such reflexivity is constituted in circumstances where there is lack of ‘fit’ between the habitus (the feel for the game) and field (the game itself), that is, when synchronicity between subjective and objective structures is broken. More particularly still, this thesis involves the argument that in late modernity there is a lack of fit between habitus and field in certain public spheres of action via an increasing transposition or movement of the feminine habitus from private to public spheres. For those deploying this thesis two further stages of argument usually flow from this proposition. The first is that this transposition constitutes a heightened critical awareness vis-à-vis gender and the second is that this transposition is linked to specific forms of gender detraditionalization. In short, this thesis concerns a three-fold argument in regard to gender which links feminization, critical reflexivity and detraditionalization. But while in this chapter I map the characteristics of this thesis, I am also concerned to highlight its limits. In particular, and by drawing on alternative accounts of reflexivity to that of the critical reflexivity found in Bourdieu’s account of social transformation, as well as recent ethnographic studies of the workplace, the easy association made between reflexivity and detraditionalization is questioned. I will argue that reflexivity should not be confused with (or understood to concern) a liberal freedom to question and critically deconstruct the rules and norms which previously governed gender. Indeed rather than
The Qualitative Report The Qualitative Report

Abstract Teacher assessment identity (TAI) as a vital element of teacher professionalism has recently flourished in educational assessment. However, unpacking its developmental trajectories has been left uncharted. Against this gap, this study scrutinized the dynamism of TAI under the influence of audio diaries. In so doing, 22 novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers uploaded their audio-diaries on a website for two months. They did so once a week and ultimately 176 audio diaries were gleaned. Moreover, to explore the participants’ perceptions of TAI considering audio diary, a semi-structured interview was held with ten teachers. The results of content and thematic analysis revealed that both novice and experienced EFL teachers’ assessment identities were improved by audio diaries. Initially, the participants concentrated on the theoretical principles of assessment, while at the end they shifted toward social aspects of assessment and professionalism. Furthermore, the results of interviews indicated that audio diaries are promising tools to capture TAI as they allow the participants to do self-reflection, deep thinking, iterative analysis of ideas, and keep a record of their assessment perceptions and practices for future use. The study has implications for EFL teachers and teacher educators by enhancing their knowledge and understanding of TAI and its dynamism.
The Qualitative Report The Qualitative Report

Abstract Nurse preceptors are integral to retaining new nurses. Given the challenges associated with attracting and retaining rural nurses (Trossman, 2001), the importance of preceptors in the retention of new nurses and the dearth of studies explicitly examining the attributes and qualifications of successful rural nurse preceptors, the purpose of this study was to unearth attributes and qualifications of successful rural nurse preceptors. In this basic qualitative study, 19 participants completed 1-2 hour in-depth interviews. Data was analyzed using the constant comparative method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Major themes included a sense of honor, professionalism, self-efficacy, and the ability to learn. In addition to confirming previous research, the findings demonstrated the importance of emotion in the teaching/learning process and the influence of observational learning on preceptors’ present-day instruction. Practical implications included acknowledging emotion in the teaching/learning process, the need for new and experienced preceptors to share information and the importance of creating opportunities for critical reflection in preceptor education programs.
The Qualitative Report The Qualitative Report

Abstract In this article the story of 11 male psychotherapeutic patients with low self-esteem is told within the context of the research process. The literature suggests that the concept of “self-esteem” has a significant influence on the way an individual experiences his/her world. Therefore, the meaning that the psychotherapeutic patients associated with negative and positive labels, as it relates to self-esteem, was examined using grounded theory. The main storyline is conceptualized as follows; negative suggestion from the patient’s past leads to low self-esteem which is, within his emotional problematics and by means of a negative thinking scheme, unhealthily handled. Therapy from a medical hypno-analytical perspective is used to replace negative labels by facilitating the attachment of positive meaning to his self-esteem.
Conservation conversations and community participation in the management of heritage sites in Zimbabwe

In many African countries, heritage sites have since colonial period been rocked by multiple problems that demand effective conservation and sustainable management approaches if the sites are to continue thriving while benefitting the present and future generations. In Zimbabwe, National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe (NMMZ), the organization in charge of heritage sites scattered throughout the country, has after a series of problems realized that adopting a ‘soloapproach’ that excludes local communities in heritage conservation and management is counterproductive and potentially destructive as the locals feel excluded and denied the right to exploit what is rightfully theirs. As such, community participation in some cases has been adopted in conserving and managing heritage sites in the country yet with some limitations. This has been so chiefly because although community participation has recently become popular in the global heritage management discourse, its involvement has in many cases been considered problematic. This paper examines conservational management and networks around some heritage sites in Zimbabwe. As its case study, the paper adopts Chibvumani national monument, a heritage site whose custodianship has been given to a nearest primary school, Mamutse. It argues that positioning local traditional leadership at the periphery while the ‘official’ custodianship of heritage site is given to a primary school remains a stumbling block towards the success of conservation and sustainable management of the heritage site. In this light, the paper lobs for full recognition and active participation of all local communities around Chibvumani national monument to ensure successful conservation and sustainable management of the site.
Mindfulness : Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects

Psychological Inquiry An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld. com/smpp/title~content=t775648164 Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects Kirk Warren Brown a; Richard M. Ryan b; J. David Creswell c a Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia b University of Rochester, Rochester, New York c University of California, Los Angeles, California
Have Gujarat and Bihar Outperformed the Rest of India? A Statistical Note

In the popular and media imagination, fed by economists and columnists, Gujarat and Bihar have both recorded an extraordinary economic performance in the past decade. But a careful analysis shows that Gujarat, always one of the richest states, has done no better than before. In neither industry nor agriculture has its position radically changed. The only dramatic difference has been the emergence of import-dependent and export-oriented petroleum refi ning, which has few linkages with the state economy. As in the past decades, Gujarat’s social development continues to lag behind its economic development. Likewise, Bihar’s position at the bottom of the league has not changed dramatically. Change seems to take place very slowly at the regional level. G ujarat is among the richest states in the country. It contains only 4.9% of the population (2011) but contributes to 7.9% of the total domestic output of all states. Bihar is one of the poorest, with 8.2% of the population and producing 3.0% of the domestic output. 1 Gujarat is highly urbanised with 42.6% of its people living in towns and cities, whereas only 11.3% of Bihar’s population is urban (national average is 31.2%). These states also represent almost the extreme ends of the income distribution among the Indian states, with Gujarat’s per capita income being nearly 4.6 times