Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extinction within the limit of validity of the Darwin transfer equations. III. Non-spherical crystals and anisotropy of extinction

Previously derived formalisms for extinction are extended to include crystals of non-spherical shape and anisotropy of mosaic spread and particle size. Expressions derived for extinction in an ellipsoidal crystal are compared with numerical calculations on a polyhedral specimen. A pseudo-spherical approximation for polyhedral crystals is described which is accurate to within 2% of the extinction factor y for crystals whose ratio of maximum and minimum dimensions is less than two. Anisotropy of mosaic spread is introduced in both the Coppens-Hamilton (C.H.) and Thornley-Nelmes (T.N.) descriptions, with both a Lorentzian or a Gaussian distribution function. The formalisms are applied to neutron data sets on LiTbF4 (100°K and 300°K), tetracyanoethylene and LiOH. H2O, and an X-ray data set on α-deutero oxalic acid dihydrate. The distinction between type I and type II crystals is quite clear on the basis of a comparison of R values. Only for LiF, which was studied earlier, was extinction dominated by particle size. In all other cases the best fit corresponds to mosaic-spread-dominated extinction, with a Lorentzian shape of the distribution function. This is especially clear when partial R values summed over the severely extinction-affected reflections are compared. The new formalisms are further supported by the consistency of the final parameters among various refinements in which the most severely extinction-affected reflections are eliminated. Simultaneous refinement on both the particle size and the mosaic spread was only successful in the earlier studied case of SrF2. The T.N. description of anisotropy leads to lower partial R values, in agreement with physical arguments supporting the validity of this distribution.
Particle size distribution of break, sizing and middling wheat flours by laser diffraction

The particle size distributions of wheat flours collected along a milling diagram were assessed. Nine wheat varieties from the genetic trait Triticum aesticum vulgare and differing in hardness were studied for two consecutive years. Break, sizing and middling flours were collected for each wheat at different stages in an experimental mill, with all the milling conditions being kept constant. The particle size distributions were measured from 1·5 to 600 μm by using a laser light diffraction apparatus. The distributions were compared by principal component analysis. The method provided a global and synthetic comparison of all the flour fractions. In the case of the soft varieties, the distributions exhibited a first mode around 25 μm, corresponding mainly to isolated starch granules. The distribution of this mode was very low or non-existent for the hard varieties. As the milling conditions were the same for all the wheats, the different proportions measured for this mode were interpreted as being directly representative of the wheat hardness. The proportion of the 25 μm mode was considered as a measure of the ability of the wheat to release starch granules and could be used to follow a grinding or milling process. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Bimbingan kelompok teknik self control efektif mengurangi kecanduan game online siswa SMA Sejahtera Surabaya

Kecanduan game online adalah perilaku ketergantungan individu pada permainan teknologi yang berbasis pada jaringan internet dimana penggunanya tidak mampu mengendalikan keinginannya untuk terus menerus bermain game sehingga memberikan dampak negatif bagi dirinya dan mempegaruhi prestasi belajarnya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan teknik self control dalam bimbingan kelompok untuk mengurangi kecanduan game online siswa.Metode penelitian inimenggunakan rancangan penelitianOne Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design, populasi 57 siswa kelas XI. Pada penelitian ini melibatkan 10 siswa kelas XI sebagai sampel penelitian yang diambil secara purposive rendom no rendom sampling. Hasil meansebelum diberikan treatment sebesar 92,20 dan hasil mean sesudah diberikan treatmentsebesar 71,20, maka terdapat penurunan sebesar 29,4%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh Asymp. Sig = 0,005 Perbandingan Asymp. Sig = 0,005 < α = 0,05 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya adalah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada penerapan teknik self control dalam bimbingan kelompok terhadap kecanduan game online siswa kelas XI SMA Sejahtera Surabaya.
ENSO Effect on Interannual Variability of Spring Aerosols over
East Asia

Abstract. Effects of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the interannual variability of spring aerosols over East Asia are investigated using the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis aerosol data. Results show that the ENSO has a crucial effect on the spring aerosols over the Indochina Peninsula, southern China and the ocean south of Japan. The above-normal (below-normal) aerosols are found over these regions during the El Niño (La Niña) ensuing spring. In contrast to the local aerosol diffusion in winter, the ENSO affects East Asian aerosols in the following spring mainly via modulating upstream aerosol generation and transport processes. The underlying physical mechanism is that during the El Niño (La Niña) ensuing spring, the dry (wet) air and less (more) precipitation are beneficial for the increase (reduction) of biomass burning activities over the northern Indochina Peninsula, resulting in more (less) carbonaceous aerosol emissions. On the other hand, the anomalous anticyclone (cyclone) over the western North Pacific (WNP) associated with El Niño (La Niña) enhances (weakens) the low-level southwesterly wind from the northern Indochina Peninsula to southern Japan, which transports more (less) carbonaceous aerosol downstream. Anomalous precipitation plays a role in reducing aerosols over the source region, but its washout effect over the downstream region is limited. The ENSO’s impact on the ensuing spring aerosols is mainly attributed to the eastern Pacific ENSO rather than the central Pacific ENSO.
Self-Concept in Immigrant School Children and the Impact of Length of Residence: Evidence from PISA 2015 for Current Educational Practice

Comparative analyses of the Programme for International Student Assessment between immigrant and native students place immigrant students in an unfavourable position in schools, with disadvantageous indicators regarding socioeconomic and professional paths. However, the Programme for International Student Assessment assesses a series of dimensions that involve constructs that have been little studied in the school immigrant population and that relate to self-concept and school adjustment. Based on the Programme for International Student Assessment’s most recent edition, Portugal’s database of 7,325 15-year-old students was analysed. We selected 438 immigrant cases with two objectives: (1) to evaluate the impact of the length of exposure in the host country on three dependent variables of school adjustment: sense of belonging, perceived loneliness and attitudes towards school (expectations of educational and professional opportunities); (2) to evaluate the differences in results for the same dependent variables, but considering the first and second generation of immigrants in Portugal. For the data analysis, sampling weights and plausible values were analysed with the International Database Analyzer. The results show that students who have been in the country for a year or less have greater difficulties and increased significant differences compared to other migrant groups in the referred indices of self-concept and inclusion. However, other groups, especially those with periods of long-term residence between four and five years, also face substantial levels of school maladjustment.
Digitization in museums: Between a fashionable trend and market awareness

The purpose of this article is to verify how museums in Poland deal with the challenge of digital transformation. The proliferation of information and communications technology (ICT) enables the digitization of museum collections and increases their availability to the public. The preservation and popularization of cultural heritage, being an important part of the cultural policy, is a priority for the European Union, resulting in increased funding of digitization initiatives. The study presented in this article is based on a survey performed among a group of leading museums in Poland which are recorded in the State Register of Museums. The results show that museums accept digitization as a crucial element of their activity. 69% of the institutions present some part of their collections online and 94% intend to increase the scope of digitization. However, most institutions share less than 25% of their current collections online despite having a larger part digitized. 83% of museums share their collections exclusively on their own websites or dedicated platforms, and most institutions (62%) observe a positive connection between sharing collections online and the number of physical visits to the museum. The results also show that museums tend to prioritize heritage preservation over collection sharing.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of the Local Atomic and Electronic Structure of Iron Incorporated into Electrodeposited Hydrous Nickel Oxide Films†

We have utilized X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to investigate the local atomic and electronic structure of iron incorporated into electrodeposited nickel hydroxide films. We found that cathodic codeposition from a solution containing Fe(II) and Ni(II) ions results in iron occupying Ni lattice sites in α-Ni(OH)2. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) shows that Fe is present as Fe(III) ions in the cathodically codeposited film. Analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) shows that Fe is coordinated to oxygen at ∼2.00 A and to Ni at ∼3.11 A. This Fe−O bond length is smaller than the Fe(II)−O bond distance found in Fe(OH)2 (∼2.10 A) but is in good agreement with the average Fe(III)−O bond distance found in FeOOH (α, γ). The Fe−Ni bond distance is in agreement with that of the Ni(II)−Ni(II) bond distance found in α-Ni(OH)2. Moreover, the radial structure function (RSF) around Fe shows a distinct peak at ∼5.8 A, which is a fingerprint of the brucite (α-Ni(.
Assessment of teachers’ dedication, discipline, knowledge and skills in Kwara state basic schools, Nigeria

This study examined teachers’ dedication, discipline, knowledge and skills in Kwara State basic schools, Nigeria. The study population comprised all the 1,591 head teachers, 3,907 assistant head teachers; and 440 principals, 1,112 vice principals and all the students in Kwara State lower and upper basic schools respectively. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to arrive at 30 head teachers, 78 assistant head teachers, 30 principals and 71 vice principals; and 20 Basic Nine students from each of the sampled upper basic schools as respondents in the study. Questionnaire was used to collect data, while mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. The findings of the study revealed that teachers’ dedication in Kwara State basic, Nigeria was average ((X ) = 3.06). The study concluded that Kwara State basic school teachers should be more dedicated to their job by regularly preparing lesson notes, going to the classrooms at the right time and ensuring that the learners have a better understanding of the concepts taught.
The Views on Terrorism in the Name of Islam Held by Islamic Religion Teachers in Spain

Violent radicalisation is currently one of the most pressing global problems. Accordingly, the intention of this paper is to discover the views on terrorism in the name of Islam held by Islamic religion teachers in Spain and to analyse the preventive socio-educational measures that they propose, employing a mixed methods approach with a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Most of the teachers point to a poor knowledge of Islam among the young, especially as regards to the concept of jihad, as the main reason behind this phenomenon. The second-generation immigrants among the teachers attach great importance to possible identity crises as a factor that makes the young more vulnerable to violent radicalisation. The most frequently mentioned social measure is fostering the integration of Muslims, thus creating a sense of belonging to their country of residence. They recommend preventive educational strategies that, far from focusing on detecting possible violent extremists, place the accent on teaching the fundamentals of the Islamic religion in order to provide young people with the tools that they need to challenge violent ideologies.
The Epidemiological Profile of Sexual Violence Notifications in the Capitals of the Northeast of Brazil: An Ecologic Time Series

This study aimed at outlining the epidemiological profile of the notifications of sexual violence in the capitals of the Northeast of Brazil. It is a descriptive, analytical, and ecological study, made with the information about sexual violence recorded at SINAN (the Information System of Health Problem Notifications). The nine capital cities of the Northeast of the country were selected, and data from them was analyzed from 2012 to 2014. The depending variables were notifications of sexual violence and rape. Independent variables included sex, age group, educational level, and race. For a statistical analysis, the Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used when the expected frequencies were below 5. The statistical treatment of variables was done using the R software. Regarding the results, 6811 sexual violence cases were notified in the capitals. Most of them took place in Recife (31.2%), Teresina (16.5%), and Aracaju (13.3%). In most cases, the victims were females, children or adolescents, and brown. Most victims had less than eight years of study. The city with the most notifications of rape was Recife. The results show the association between socioeconomic factors and sexual violence, outlining a profile of the victims of this type of violence in the capitals of the Brazilian Northeast. A high prevalence of sexual violence was found in the investigated cities.
Pulping of Whole Length Jute by Neutral Sulphite Anthraquinone (NS-AQ) Process

SMR variety of whole length jute (Corchorus capsularis) has been subjected to neutral sulphite anthraquinone (NS-AQ) pulping. The pulping liquor consists of Na2SO3 and Na2CO3. Fully defiberized pulp can be made even with no screening rejects with an alkali dose as low as 14%. Pulps thus obtained are comperatively better in yield and almost similar in quality to that of control chopped jute. No problem has been observed in disintegration, washing and screening of the pulp. Pulping of whole length jute by the NS-AQ process thus seems to be technically feasible. Jute possesses the shortest fibres at the bottom. The fibre length attains a peak at a distance of 75 cm from the bottom, and again falls towards the top.
A framework for information synthesis into sentiment indicators using text mining methods

Abstract A formal statistical framework is proposed for synthesis of text information into sentiment indicators. Each text document is treated as an exchangeable collection of stems of words (tokens), and used in conjunction with a multinomial inverse regression approach to efficiently synthesize the information content in text documents. The proposed methodology is illustrated through the buildup of sentiment indicators using Twitter news outlet text information. These synthesizing indicators, quantitative in nature, can be built across disciplines to capture changes in the economic, financial, and social conditions, and also serve to reveal heterogeneity across countries, sectors, or markets. The proposed approach is computationally fast and allows for time variation in the indexes.
Working conditions and wellbeing in UK social workers

Summary UK social workers are exposed to chronically poor working conditions and experience extremely high levels of sickness absence. The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of working conditions and wellbeing of social workers. Seven UK social work employers sent a survey of working conditions, wellbeing, and turnover intentions to all child and family social workers, followed by a series of individual semi-structured interviews with respondents. Data were collected between January and May 2019. Six hundred and seventy-six (41% response rate) completed surveys were returned and 19 interviews undertaken. Findings Quantitative findings demonstrated that working conditions scored better than previous studies, with positive scores on autonomy, peer, and managerial support. However, the four remaining conditions (demands, relationships, role, and change) each scored worse than 75–90% of respondents in UK-wide benchmarks of individuals from various occupations. Regression outcomes demonstrated that demands, control, change, relationships, and peer support each significantly impacted employee wellbeing. Furthermore, over 20% of respondents suggested that they were frequently exposed to poor service user behaviour. Thematic analysis of interviews suggested that workload (demands), relationships with peers, management, and services users, and the way in which change was communicated were the main difficulties cited. Applications It is clear that work is needed to support social worker stress and wellbeing at work. Management should support individuals in terms of developing peer and managerial support, and adopting best practice in reflective supervision. Furthermore, a more robust system of caseload allocation would support and improve significant workload pressures.
Community enhancement network embedding based on edge reweighting preprocessing

Network embedding has attracted considerable attention in recent years. It represents nodes in a network into a low-dimensional vector space while keeping the properties of the network. Some methods (e.g. ComE, MNMF, and CARE) have been proposed to preserve the community property in network embedding, and they have obtained good results in some downstream network analysis tasks. However, there still exists a significant challenge because nodes may lose important structural information following embedding. To address this problem, we propose a community structure enhancement framework for network embedding, based on edge reweighting. Through edge reweighting, the weight of intra-community edges is increased while the weight of inter-community edges is decreased. Therefore, after embedding, nodes in the same community are closer to each other than nodes in different communities in the embedding space. We apply the edge reweighting as a preprocessing stage in network embedding, and construct an enhanced network by incorporating enhanced community structures into the original network. By doing this, the embedded vectors from the enhanced network can better perform all downstream network analysis tasks. Extensive experiments are conducted on two network analysis tasks (community detection and node classification) with synthetic and real-world datasets. The results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art network embedding methods.
Heterogeneous yielding dynamics in a colloidal gel

Attractive colloidal gels display a solid-to-fluid transition as shear stresses above the yield stress are applied. This shear-induced transition is involved in virtually any application of colloidal gels. It is also crucial for controlling material properties. Still, the yielding transition is far from understood, mainly because rheological measurements are spatially averaged over the whole sample. We use high-frequency ultrasound during creep and oscillatory shear experiments to observe the local dynamics of opaque attractive colloidal gels. The transition proceeds from the cell walls and heterogeneously fluidizes the whole sample with a characteristic time that exponentially decreases with the applied stress. The present results reveal the importance of activated processes for the gel dynamics and raise a number of open questions in the attempt to better understand the yielding transition.
Changing agricultural stubble burning practices in the Indo-Gangetic plains: is the Happy Seeder a profitable alternative?

ABSTRACT Every year after the rice harvest, some 2.5 million farmers in northwest India burn the remaining stubble to prepare their fields for the subsequent wheat crop. Crop residue burning causes massive air pollution affecting millions of people across the Indo-Gangetic Plains. We examine different tillage practices to provide urgently needed empirical evidence on how profitable it is for farmers to adopt no-burn technologies, especially the ‘Happy Seeder’ (HS) which is capable of sowing wheat directly into large amounts of crop residue. Apart from analysing the cost of rice residue management and wheat sowing under conventional-tillage and zero-tillage, we identify factors influencing the adoption of the HS and quantify its impact on wheat yields and –production costs. While we do not find any evidence of a yield penalty, our analysis reveals significant savings in wheat production costs, amounting to 136 USD ha–1. In addition, our analysis shows that the HS saves water and facilitates timely wheat sowing. We conclude that the private benefits of HS use combined with its societal benefits of reducing air pollution and enhancing agricultural sustainability justify particular policy support for its large-scale diffusion, to be supplemented by a stricter enforcement of the ban on residue burning.
Correlation Studies on Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The rice genotype panel comprised of 30 varieties which includes indica group, landraces, improved varieties, interspecific derivatives (Oryza glaberrima× Oryza sativa), aromatic and japonica rice etc. were evaluated for yield and yield contributing traits, during kharif 2019. ANOVA test showed highly significant variation for the twelve traits under study. The correlation analysis showed a total of 28 significant associations between 12 yield and yieldrelated traits measured under study. Very high significant positive correlation in the present study was detected between number of filled grains per panicle (FG) and total grain number per panicle (GN) (r 2 =0.948**) followed by grain length (GL) and grain length to width ratio (GLW) (r 2 =0.799**) while, very high significant negative correlation was detected between grain width (GW) and grain length to width ratio (GLW) (r 2 = -0.847**) followed by number of chaffy grains per panicle (CG) and spikelet fertility (SF) (r 2 = -0.832**). This indicates the effect of selections for strongly associated traits are dependent and worked in directional manner either in positive direction or in negative direction. Therefore, a breeder should be well understood the effect of a trait on other prior handling with a trait improvement breeding programme.