Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operationalizing the Legal Principle of Data Minimization for Personalization

Article 5(1)(c) of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires that "personal data shall be [. ] adequate, relevant, and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed (`data minimisation')". To date, the legal and computational definitions of 'purpose limitation' and 'data minimization' remain largely unclear. In particular, the interpretation of these principles is an open issue for information access systems that optimize for user experience through personalization and do not strictly require personal data collection for the delivery of basic service. In this paper, we identify a lack of a homogeneous interpretation of the data minimization principle and explore two operational definitions applicable in the context of personalization. The focus of our empirical study in the domain of recommender systems is on providing foundational insights about the (i) feasibility of different data minimization definitions, (ii) robustness of different recommendation algorithms to minimization, and (iii) performance of different minimization strategies.We find that the performance decrease incurred by data minimization might not be substantial, but that it might disparately impact different users---a finding which has implications for the viability of different formal minimization definitions. Overall, our analysis uncovers the complexities of the data minimization problem in the context of personalization and maps the remaining computational and regulatory challenges.
Tuning band gaps in twisted bilayer 
MoS2

In the emerging world of twisted bilayer structures, the possible configurations are limitless, which enables for a rich landscape of electronic properties. In this paper, we focus on twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and study its properties by means of an accurate \textit{ab initio} tight-binding model. We build structures with different angles and find that the so-called flatbands emerge when the twist angle is sufficiently small (around 7.3$^{\circ}$). Interestingly, the band gap can be tuned up to a 5\% (104 meV) when the twist angle varies from 21.8$^{\circ}$ to 0.8$^{\circ}$. Furthermore, when looking at local density of states we find that the band gap varies locally along the moire pattern due to the change in the coupling between layers at different sites. Finally, we also find that the system can suffer a transition from a semiconductor to a metal when a sufficiently strong electric field is applied. Our study can serve as a guide for the practical engineering of the TMDCs optoelectronic devices.
Retrospective study of canine epithelial and melanocytic tumors

Out of the total number of canine tumors examined at the Department of pathology based on biopsy and section materials over the last five years skin tumors and mammary gland tumors were proved to be the two largest groups diagnosed in 33.4% and 36% of cases, respectively. Cutaneous tumors were diagnosed in 211 cases, i.e., in 123 (58.3%) male dogs and 88 (41.7%) bitches, of different breeds, on average 7 years old. Among the total number of 211 skin tumors, 32 types of cutaneous neoplasms were diagnosed, with epithelial and melanocytic tumors being the most predominant, followed by hematopoietic tumors and mesenchymal tumors of the skin and soft tissues. In our bioptic and section materials, epithelial and melanocytic skin tumors were the most frequent -123 cases (58.75%) with four subgroups within the group tumors with adnexal differentiation - 66 cases (53.23% of all epithelial and melanocytic skin tumors), epidermal tumors - 25 cases (20.16% of all epithelial and melanocytic skin tumors), tumors without squamous or adnexal differentiation -16 cases (12.90% of all epithelial and melanocytic skin tumors) and finally melanocytic tumors -14 cases (11.29% of all epithelial and melanocytic skin tumors). The age of dogs with epithelial and melanocytic cutaneous tumors ranged between 5 months to 15 years. The fact that the number of skin tumors diagnosed in 1999 was doubled in 2002 is of particular importance, which may be, the result of increasingly high interest of clinicians for biopsy-based diagnosis.
Transformation of Chlorinated Phenolic Compounds by White Rot Fungi

Chlorinated phenolic compounds are among the most abundant recalcitrant wastes produced by the paper and pulp industry, being accumulated in the effluents after secondary treatments. Due to their high toxicity to a wide range of organisms, chlorinated phenolic compounds pose a big concern to human and environmental health. These compounds are produced upon the partial degradation of lignin during bleaching process, and as such they are degradable by white rot fungi, the only organisms capable of degrading lignin to CO2 and H2O. White rot fungi are a group of organisms very suitable for the removal of chlorinated phenolic compounds from the environment. Indeed, they are robust, ubiquitous organisms and may survive also in the presence of high concentrations of various pollutants, even with a low bioavailability. The activity of white rot fungi is mainly due to the action of oxidoreductive enzymes, i.e., laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase, which are deliberately released by fungal cells into their nearby environment. In cases of secondary metabolism and oxidative stress, the fungi produce other intra- and extracellular enzymes to provide substrates for the key enzymes just mentioned. Phanerochaete chrysosporium is one of the most widely studied fungi, for which intermediary products and reactions involved in the degradation of chlorophenols have been identified. Extracellular laccases and peroxidases carry out the first productive step in the oxidation of chlorophenols, forming para-quinones and consequently releasing a chlorine atom. Further degradative steps involving several enzymes and highly reactive, nonspecific redox mediators produced by the fungus render it capable of efficiently degrading several toxic compounds. In soil environment, chlorophenols may be involved in physical–chemical processes such as polymerization and/or adsorption of/on humic substances that may hinder their degradation by microbial cells, even though both processes can result in dehalogenation of the chlorinated compounds. This review analyzes the presence of chlorophenols in the environment, their main chemical and physical properties, and the main processes in their degradation by white rot fungi with particular attention to soil environment. The reactions involved in the process, the intermediary products, the factors that may affect the fungal transformation of chlorophenols, and the possible applications for environmental purposes of both the whole fungal cells and/or their enzymes as isolated catalytic agents are also addressed.
Changes in phenology of hoverflies in a central England garden

Abstract. 1 Hoverfly data, obtained from 20 species during 1991–2007 from a single garden in Peterborough, England, were analysed to test for temporal trends in timing of first and last appearance, flight‐period length and maximum number. 2 During this period of climate warming, first appearance in spring has become significantly earlier for three species and flight period longer for a different set of three species. 3 Key correlates of first appearance date and flight‐period length were winter temperature, which increased over the study period, and spring temperature which showed a non‐significant warming trend. Wetter summers also marginally lengthened the flight period. In addition, there were significant year effects, suggestive of population responses to changing climate independent of prevailing temperature. 4 However, there was little evidence that last appearances in autumn have become later, and maximum numbers have not increased. 5 These trends match those reported from other, better‐studied taxa.
Dendritic localization of Ca2+‐permeable AMPA/kainate channels in hippocampal pyramidal neurons

Although it is well established that cortical and hippocampal γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic neurons generally have large numbers of Ca2+‐permeable α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate channels (Ca‐A/K channels), their presence on pyramidal neurons is controversial. Ca2+ permeability of AMPA channels is regulated by expression of a particular glutamate receptor subunit (GluR2), which confers Ca2+ impermeability to heteromeric channels. Most electrophysiology studies, as well as in situ hybridization and immunolabeling studies demonstrating expression of GluR2 mRNA or peptide in pyramidal neurons, have provided evidence against the presence of Ca‐A/K channels on pyramidal neurons. However, observations that pyramidal neurons often appear to be labeled by kainate‐stimulated Co2+ influx (Co2+(+) cells), a histochemical stain that identifies cells possessing Ca‐A/K channels, suggests that they may have these channels. The present study futher examines cellular and subcellular distribution of Ca‐A/K channels on hippocampal pyramidal neurons in slice as well as in culture. To this end, techniques of kainate‐stimulated Co2+ influx labeling, supplemented by AMPA receptor subunit immunocytochemistry and fluorescent imaging of kainate‐stimulated intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) rises are employed. Co2+ labeling is often seen in pyramidal neuronal dendrites in both slice and in culture. In addition, although GluR1 and 4 staining in these neurons is often seen in the soma and dendrites, GluR2 label, when evident, is generally more restricted to the soma. Finally, measurement of kainate‐stimulated [Ca2+]i rises in cultured neurons, assessed by using low affinity Ca2+ indicators in the presence of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor and voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ channel blockade, often shows dendritic rises to precede those in the somata. Thus, these data support the hypothesis that Ca‐A/K channels are present in dendritic domains of many pyramidal neurons, and may help to provide resolution of the apparently conflicting data regarding their distribution. J. Comp.Neurol. 409:250–260, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Features of 211 COVID-19 Suspected Patients in Wuhan, China

Abstract Background Chest computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to assess pulmonary involvement in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the correlation between chest CT and clinical features in COVID-19 suspected patients with or without fever. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 211 COVID-19 suspected patients who underwent both chest CT and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Wuhan, China. The performance of CT in patients with relevant onset of symptoms, with fever (n = 141) and without fever (n = 70), was assessed respectively. Results The sensitivity of CT for COVID-19 was 97.3%, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.76). There were 141 suspected patients with fever and 70 without fever. In the fever group, 4 variables were screened to establish the basic model: age, monocyte, red blood cell, and hypertension. The AUC of the basic model was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63–0.81), while the AUC of the CT-aided model was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68–0.85), a significant difference (P < .05). In the nonfever group, only dry cough was screened out to establish the basic model. The AUC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64–0.88), which was not significantly different than the CT-aided model (P = .08). Conclusions Chest CT has a high sensitivity in patients with COVID-19, and it can improve diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 suspected patients with fever during the initial screen, whereas its value for nonfever patients remains questionable.
Shell matrices of Recent rhynchonelliform brachiopods: microstructures and glycosylation studies

ABSTRACT Like most metazoan biomineralisations, the brachiopod shell is the end product of a biologically controlled calcification process. The main agent of the control is the extracellular matrix, which is secreted by the outer mantle epithelium. This matrix mediates the calcification process by allowing crystal nucleation and elongation in specific orientations and finally, by stopping crystal growth. The proteinaceous moiety of brachiopod shell matrices has been extensively studied. Less known are the post-translational modifications that occur in these matrices, in particular glycosylations. In this comparison of five species of Recent articulated brachiopods, the ratio of soluble to insoluble organic matrix varies between the species. Polydisperse macromolecular materials occur in each of these species with discrete proteins of 50 kDa in Notosaria nigricans, Calloria inconspicua and Neothyris lenticularis, 37 kDa in Terebratulina retusa and Gryphus vitreus and 20–25 kDa in N. nigricans. Protein mixtures from all five species respond differently to anionic stains (Stains-All and Alcian Blue). PAS staining results in a positive smear in C. inconspicua and T. retusa and highlights low molecular weight glycoproteins in C. inconspicua. The polysaccharide composition of the soluble matrix of T. retusa is different from the others due to high proportions of arabinose and low proportions of fucose. In all cases, polysaccharide composition of the insoluble matrix is dominated by glucose and glucosamine. Insoluble matrices have more glucose and xylose and less galactosamine and glucosamine than the corresponding soluble matrix. Relatively high amounts of glucosamine may suggest the presence of chitin in the shell matrix of rhynchonelliform brachiopods.
Rheumatoid arthritis with pachymeningitis – a case presentation and review of the literature

Rheumatoid meningitis (RM) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a wide spectrum of symptoms. We present a review of the literature with a rare illustrative case of a 61-year-old man with a history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented headaches, stroke-like symptoms and seizures. MRI revealed the leptomeningeal enhancement in the right hemisphere. As cerebromeningeal fluid showed increased level of protein and was positive for Candida mannan, the initial clinical diagnosis was fungal meningitis. Despite the antifungal treatment the patient’s clinical condition did not improve. Detailed laboratory, radiologic and histopathological diagnostics enabled the diagnosis of RM. In conclusion is worth to highlight that presentation of RM is variable and complex, diagnosing it is a big dilemma which is why it must be considered in the differential in a patient with long-standing seropositive RA.
Selecting for salt tolerance in white clover (Trifolium repens): chloride ion exclusion and its heritability

The potential to improve the salt tolerance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was evaluated in populations developed by selecting plants within the cv. Haifa which had high and low concentrations of Cl - in the shoots. Under saline conditions (40 mM NaCl), the low-Cl populations consistently maintained lower concentrations of both Na and Cl in all plant parts and produced more dry matter than the original parent cultivar (Haifa), or the high-Cl populations. Under non-saline conditions, there were no differences between populations for these characters. In young seedlings, concentrations of Cl - in the shoots of the low-Cl and high-Cl populations started to diverge after 4 d exposure to saline conditions and there were significant differences between populations after 6 d growth at 40 mM NaCl. Results using 36 Cl suggested that the salt-tolerant low Cl population was better able to retain 36 Cl in the roots and to limit its translocation to the leaves and petioles than the high-Cl population. Realized heritability values for shoot Cl - concentration were found to be moderate in the first cycle of selection (0.24 and 0.37 for high and low Cl - concentrations respectively), but were substantially lower (0.10 and 0.09 respectively) in the second selection cycle. We propose that it is possible to increase levels of salt tolerance in white clover by selecting for low shoot Cl - concentrations under saline conditions and that this criterion could be used at very early stages of exposure to NaCl (i.e. day 4 or 6).
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT IN AEGILOPS SQUARROSA L.

Feulgen-cytophotometrical measurement of nuclear DNA content in 27 strains of Ae. squarrosa revealed intraspecific variation, which was continuous, the highest value being 1.23 times greater than the lowest. Mean DNA values in an increasing order were var. typica (435.5), var. meyeri (446.6), var. anathera (464.7) and var. strangulata (468.6) and an intermediate type between typica and anathera was between the two in mean DNA value, also.Intravarietal differences were significant in all varieties measured except var. stragulata. Variation in nuclear DNA content of Ae. squarrosa may be caused by lengthwise duplications or deficiencies of small segments of almost all chromosomes.
OSMOREGULATORY ADAPTATION OF STEELHEAD TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON) TO SEA WATER

Steelhead trout transferred from fresh water into sea water exhibited two distinct phases in osmoregulatory adaptation. The first, or adjustive phase, was distinguished by marked departures from fresh-water levels and distributions of water and electrolytes. Increases in muscle chloride space indicated transfer of fluids from cells into the extracellular compartment. Plasma levels of water, chloride, sodium, and potassium rose, while that of calcium remained relatively constant. The ratio of plasma sodium to chloride fell sharply suggesting a condition of acidosis. Cellular calcium concentrations rose markedly, while smaller increases were seen in chloride and potassium levels. Changes in calcium appeared to be a function of both cellular dehydration and electrolyte uptake. Changes in cellular potassium concentrations were related primarily to dehydration since tissue levels of this ion fell slightly in sea water. The roles of active electrolyte excretory processes, and the passive withdrawal of ions from.
The effect of larval photoperiod on pupal colour and diapause in swallowtail butterflies

ABSTRACT. 1 There are significant differences in the effects of larval photo‐period on diapause and pupal colour among the species Papilio polyxenes Fabr. , P.troilus L. , Battus philenor (L.) and Eurytides marcellus (Cramer). 2 Diapause and pupal colour in P.polyxenes and P.troilus are strongly influenced by larval photoperiod, short photophase eliciting brown diapausing pupae. Photoperiods of 15L:9D permit the expression of the green and brown pupal colour alternatives. 3 Pupal colour in B.philenor and E.marcellus is not affected by larval photoperiod, but short photophase induces diapause in these species. 4 All species except B.philenor show an association between brown pupal colour and diapause: Emarcellus when reared on long (midsummer) photophase, P.polyxenes and P.troilus when reared on short (autumnal) photophase. 5 In P.polyxenes, short photophase can affect pupal colour responses directly, whether the individual enters diapause or not. 6 Differences among the species are related to differences in the ecology of their natural pupation sites.
Performance of Broad Breasted Large White Turkey Hens Grown on Restrictive Feeding Programs

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of nutrient restriction on Broad Breasted Large White Turkey hens. The birds were subjected to the following feeding regime: control (20.6% protein 10—25 weeks of age), low protein-25 (9.9% protein 11—25 weeks of age), low protein-30 (9.9% protein, 11—30 weeks of age), low lysine (14.6% protein, .37% lysine, 11—30 weeks of age), and skip-a-day (29.6% protein 11—30 weeks of age). Feed consumption was the greatest for the controls followed by the low lysine group with the low protein-30 group consuming the least. Body weights throughout the experimental period were related to feed consumption. Age at sexual maturity was inversely related to feed consumption and body weight. Egg production was significantly reduced by the low protein-30 feed restriction program during the growing period in the floor trial, and it was numerically the lowest for this group in all trials. These data indicate that feed restriction was not as effective a method of delaying sexual maturity or improving production in the Broad Breasted Large White as it was in previous studies with the Medium White varieties. Since a sizeable amount of feed savings results from all of the restrictive programs without any major negative effects, it is felt that nutrient restriction is a very practical method of reducing the cost of producing replacement breeders.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis on growth development and survival of larvae Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis bacterium, on larval growth and development rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) during February 28 to April 8, 2005 in University Putra Malaysia hatchery. Newly hatched larvae of M. rosenbergii were reared with two dietary treatments consisting of newly hatched Artemia salina nauplii with B. subtilis (108 cells ml−1), and newly hatched A. salina nauplii without B. subtilis carried out in triplicate in 60-L aquarium (50 L−1). After trial, the larvae that fed B. subtilis-treated Artemia naupli were found to have higher survival and a faster rate of metamorphosis than larvae that were fed with nontreated Artemia naupli. There were significant differences between B. subtilis-treated Artemia naupli and nontreated Artemia diet in larval growth and development rate of metamorphosis (P < 0.05). Larval survival after 40 days was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the B. subtilis-treated groups (55.3 ± 1.02) compared with the nontreated groups (36.2 ± 5.02%).
Salivary deposits and plant damage associated with specific probing behaviors of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, on alfalfa stems

The feeding behaviors and salivary deposits of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), on stems of a susceptible cultivar of alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) were studied in relation to the cellular damage and initiation of hopperburn they cause. An AC electronic monitoring system (EMS) was used to quantify the number and duration of probes made on alfalfa stems. Light and electron microscopy were then used to examine the effects of these probes. Most probes were short in duration as determined by EMS and comprised primarily of multiple‐cell laceration behavior (represented by the Ia waveform). Probes containing still‐stylet ingestion behavior (represented by the Ic waveform) were longer in duration and occurred less frequently. There was a close correspondence between the number of probes containing the Ic waveform and number of salivary deposits. Histological examinations of the stems revealed six types of salivary deposits but only one of these resembled the solid, distinct (or ‘true’) salivary sheaths characteristic of sheath‐feeders. Less than 25% of E. fabae probes left any salivary deposit, and only 1% left true sheaths. Therefore, it seems unlikely that these deposits could physically block the phloem to cause hopperburn. Cellular disruptions, such as abnormally divided and enlarged cells, were found in the vascular cambium and phloem, as well as other tissues. Enlarged vascular cambial cells appeared to crush the phloem cells, and thus probably caused hopperburn. This microscopic damage was initiated by vigorous, active probing, along with the copious watery saliva that is secreted during the behavior represented by Ia. These observations strongly support Medler's (1941) hypothesis that hopperburn is caused by a substance in the insect's saliva that induces plant cells to enlarge and block the phloem.