Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A and O as each other's mirror image? Problems with markedness reversal

Abstract This article provides a critical examination of the widespread idea that A and O (and Agents and Patients) are each other's mirror image in terms of case marking and semantic features. We examine patterns of differential case marking for nouns in a sample of 185 languages, showing that the behaviour of A cannot be captured in terms of markedness reversal based on models for O marking. We highlight pecularities of A marking that are not found with O marking, like sensitivity to the feature of motivity, and syntactic restrictions on use as A, and use these to develop an independent account of A marking.
The Theory of Hyperfunctions on Totally Real Subsets of a Complex Manifold with Applications to Extension Problems

Introduction. Suppose K is a compact subset of a Stein manifold. The set K is said to be holomorphically convex if K is homeomorphic to the spectrum of the topological algebra of analytic functions on K (Definition 2. 1). Because of the results proved in iHarvey-Wells [7], the proof of Sato's duality theorem [15] given in Martineau [10] applies to compact holomorphically convex sets (see Theorem 2. 2).
QUOTIENT SUBSPACES OF ASYMMETRIC NORMED LINEAR SPACES

If X is an asymmetric normed linear space and H is a linear subspace ofX, we give conditions under which the quotient spaceX=H is also an asymmetric normed space. We study the canonical factorization of a linear continuous mapping in this setting and, nally, we characterize the dual of the asymmetric normed space X=H: The results obtained extend well-known properties of normed spaces to the realm of asymmetric normed spaces. Quotient subspaces of asymmetric normed linear spaces appear in a natu- ral way in the theory of these spaces that has been developed in recent years, mainly motivated by the applications of these topological structures in The- oretical Computer Science and Functional Analysis (see the bibliography at the end of the paper). However, no systematic studies of the quotient spaces have been done up to this moment, although quotient structures have been shown to be useful in at least two particular matters regarding the general theory of asymmetric normed linear spaces. The rst one is the canonical de- composition of an asymmetric normed space in a Hausdorff space and a purely non-Hausdorff space (see (10)). The second one is related to the duality the- ory of asymmetric normed spaces, which is studied in section 4 of the present paper (see (11)). Thus, this work is devoted to develop a fundamental theory supporting the quotient constructions.
High-order strand grid methods for shock turbulence interaction

ABSTRACT In this work, we examine the flux correction method for three-dimensional transonic turbulent flows on strand grids. Building upon previous work, we treat flux derivatives along strands with high-order summation-by-parts operators and penalty-based boundary conditions. A finite-volume like limiting strategy is implemented in the flux correction algorithm in order to sharply capture shocks. To achieve turbulence closure in the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations, a robust version of the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model is employed that accommodates negative values of the turbulence working variable. Validation studies are considered which demonstrate the flux correction method achieves a high degree of accuracy for turbulent shock interaction flows.
The non-Sibsonian interpolation : A new method of interpolation of the values of a function on an arbitrary set of points

A new method of first-order interpolation of the values of a function on the set of arbitrary points in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space E that differs from the well-known Sibson method is constructed. A number of the properties of this method are proved, and the results of its application and comparison with the Sibson interpolation and with the interpolation based on the Delaunay triangulation are presented. In contrast to the triangulation method, the interpolation proposed is unique; moreover, it is easier and more efficient than the Sibson interpolation.
Term Rank of the Direct Product of Matrices

Let A = [aij] be a matrix of 0's and 1's or a (0, 1)-matrix of size m by m′. The term rank of A is denned as the maximal number of 1's of A with no two of the 1's on the same row or colunn. A theorem due to D. König (3, Theorem 5.1, p. 55) asserts that the term rank of A is also equal to the minimal number of rows and columns of A that collectively contain all the 1's. The term rank of A will be denoted by ρ(A). Obviously it is invariant under arbitrary permutations of the rows and columns of A. We assume without loss of generality that all matrices considered have no rows or columns consisting entirely of 0's.
The Mk /M/∞ queue with heterogeneous customers in a batch

We consider the Mk /M/∞ queue with k heterogeneous customers in a batch where the customer of type i in a batch requires an exponential service time with parameter µi. In steady state, the joint generating function of the number of customers of type i being served in the system is derived explicitly by solving a partial differential equation.
Practical Nonparametric Statistics

A self-contained introduction to the theory and methods of non-parametric statistics. Presents a review of probability theory and statistical inference and covers tests based on binomial and multinomial distributions and methods based on ranks and empirical distributions. Includes a thorough collection of statistics tables, hundreds of problems and references, detailed numerical examples for each procedure, and an instant consultant chart to guide the student to the appropriate procedure.
Seasonality of Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in Two Major Plant Functional Types in Korea

The processes in terrestrial ecosystems forma dynamic boundary interface within the earth climate system. The ecosystems in Asia, which are characterized by their diverse plant functional types, are currently undergoing the most rapid land? use changes, likely changing the feedback mechanismin land? atmosphere interaction. In this paper, we report seasonal variability of carbon balance over twomajor plant functional types in Korea: (1) a deciduous forest in a complex terrain (GDK site) and (2) a farmland with heterogeneous mosaic patches in a relatively flat terrain (HFK site). Our analysis is based on the year 2006, which was considered near normal in the sense of climate change and was of high quality data. Annually integrated values of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE), and net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) at the GDK site were 835, 746, and ? 87 g C m ? 2 whereas GPP, RE and NEE at the HFK site were 1003, 993, and ? 10 g C m ? 2 , respectively. Despite its greater GPP, the HFK site was a weaker carbon sink than the GDK site because the REwas as large as the GPP. The annual patterns of each carbon budget component had amid? season depression, showing two distinctive peaks with different timing and magnitude for the two sites. Such a different bimodal seasonality was associated with different timing and intensity of the disturbances such as summermonsoon and the subsequent passing of typhoons later in the season. As far as we know, this is the first observation of the occurrence ofmid? season depression of NEE, which is likely due to the reduced GPP rather than the enhanced RE. Considering the current changes in hydrological cycles in the Asian region, further investigations along with fluxmeasurements in the rain are needed to clarify the causal relationship of ecosystem properties (e.g., NEE) with disturbances (e.g., summer monsoon, typhoons) and management (e.g., crop rotation).
Distribution of the mean reversion estimator in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process

ABSTRACT We derive the exact distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean reversion parameter (κ) in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process using numerical integration through analytical evaluation of a joint characteristic function. Different scenarios are considered: known or unknown drift term, fixed or random start-up value, and zero or positive κ. Monte Carlo results demonstrate the remarkably reliable performance of our exact approach across all the scenarios. In comparison, misleading results may arise under the asymptotic distributions, including the advocated infill asymptotic distribution, which performs poorly in the tails when there is no intercept in the regression and the starting value of the process is nonzero.
Preparation and Microwave Absorption Properties of Fe3O4 Hollow Microspheres

Fe3O4 hollow microspheres with a mean diameter of 525 nm have been synthesized by a facile solvothermal method, which displays an excellent microwave absorption property in the range of 2∼18 GHz as well as with a low density. The microwave absorption is enhanced as the mass fraction of Fe3O4 hollow spheres in the sample increases from 10% to 60%, while the absorption frequency shifts to a lower frequency range. In particular, the maximum reflection loss is −15.8 dB at 7.4 GHz while −10 dB bandwidth of reflection loss achieves 2.6 GHz for the sample with mass fraction of 60%.
Effect of feriuty levels and moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of maize (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2001 and 2003 on light textured soil at Kanpur to evaluate the effect of fertility levels and moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of maize variety “Azad Uttam” under rainfed condition. Results revealed that the highest average grain (25.59 q/ha) and fodder (78.42 q/ha) yields were observed under the application of 80kg N + 40 kg P2O5 + 40 kg K2O + 30 kg ZnSO4/ha which was significantly higher to the tune of 19.08 & 15.77 and 94.90 & 80.82 than that of 40 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 + 20 kg K2O + 15 kg ZnSO4/ha and control, respectively. The highest gross return, net return and cost: benefit ratio were also obtained under this treatment. The highest grain and fodder yields of 23.33 and 72.07 q/ha, respectively were obtained under ridging and furrowing + dry grass mulching in between the crop rows after 20 days of sowing was significantly superior than other moisture conservation practices. In addition, cost of cultivation and gross return were also notices more. However, ridging and furrowing treatment resulted in the highest net return and cost: benefit ratio.
Tools of Internal Communication from Knowledge Transfer Perspective

The world nowadays is very often titled as the world of knowledge. Knowledge is a critical differentiator for companies and source of competitive advantage. Therefore companies pay careful attention to knowledge management and put a lot of energy and money to right set-ups ensuring that knowledge is owned and used as adequately as possible. Part of that is also the transfer of knowledge between individuals. The paper deals with the topic of knowledge transfer and sharing and aims to identify the most efficient tool of internal communication in terms of knowledge transfer. The research based on expert interviews is presented in the paper. The results should help management of companies to organize internal communication in the way which allows them to accomplish their knowledge management strategy.
Unconventional transport and superconducting properties in electron-doped cuprates

We report a study of transport and magnetic properties of high-quality $c$ axis-oriented superconducting ${\mathrm{T}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-$R{E}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$Ce${}_{x}$CuO${}_{4}$ ($RE$ $=$ La, Pr, Nd) thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy at optimal as well as $x$ $=$ 0.00 doping levels. While the superconducting coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{GL}}$ decreases from $RE$ $=$ Nd to La, it remains nearly constant as a function of doping. For optimally doped ${\mathrm{T}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-cuprates, the electronic conductivity is higher than the dopant-free sample, while ${T}_{c}$ is higher for the dopant-free samples for $RE$ $=$ Nd and Pr. We estimated the superconducting penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ by using a relationship obtained from optical measurements and compared it to the diamagnetic response, which corresponds to the superfluid density ${n}_{s}$. Our data suggest that electron doping increases the superfluid density ${n}_{s}$ significantly, but the pairing interaction is not affected. In the normal state, the temperature dependence of the resistivity was used to deduce the Fermi temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{F}}$, from which we estimated the charge-carrier concentration $n. $ A systematic relationship between $n$, ${n}_{s}$, and the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ was not observed. We finally conclude that the superconducting ground state is merely influenced by Ce doping with respect to ${T}_{c}$ and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathit{GL}}$ but solely by the $RE$ element.
Infinite Froude number solutions to the problem of a submerged source or sink

Abstract The problem of a source or sink submerged beneath a free surface is investigated in the infinite Froude number limit. Solutions are found for all cases in which the source is situated away from the bottom of the channel. Solutions are also found for the case where the source is situated above the asymptotic level of the free surface, giving fountain type free surface shapes.
Numerical Invariants In Homotopical Algebra, II-Applications

This paper deals with some applications in the results obtained in “Numerical Invariants in Homotopical Algebra” [7]. The applications are mainly concerned with the homotopy theory of modules developed by P. J. Hilton [4]. However we have to restrict the class of rings because we want to obtain a situation where the axioms of Quillen [6] hold good. This paper is organised as follows.
Robust penalized M-estimators for generalized linear and additive models

Generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive models (GAM) are popular statistical methods for modelling continuous and discrete data both parametrically and nonparametrically. In this general framework, we consider the problem of variable selection by studying a wide class of penalized M-estimators that are particularly well suited for high dimensional scenarios where the number of covariates $p$ is very large relative to the sample size $n$. We focus on resistance issues in the presence of deviations from the stochastic assumptions of the postulated models and highlight the weaknesses of widely used estimators. We advocate the need for robust estimators and propose several penalized quasilikelihood estimators that achieve both good statistical properties at the assumed model and stability in a neighborhood of it. Specifically, we provide careful asymptotic analyses of our robust estimators for GLM and GAM when the number of parameters increases with the sample size. We start by revisiting the asymptotics of M-estimators for GLM with a diverging number of parameters. We establish asymptotic normality of these estimators and reexamine distributional results for likelihood ratio type and Wald type tests based on them. We then consider penalized M-estimators for high dimensional set ups where $pgg n$. In the GLM setting we show that our estimators are consistent, asymptotically normally distributed and variable selection consistent under regularity conditions. Furthermore they have a bounded bias in a neighborhood of the model. In the GAM setting we establish an $ell_2$-norm consistency result for the nonparametric components which achieves the optimal rates of convergence. In addition, the proposed penalized estimator is able to select the correct model consistently. We propose new algorithms for the implementation of our penalized M-estimators and illustrate the finite sample performance of our methods, at the model and under contamination, in simulation studies. An important contribution of this thesis is to formally study the local robustness properties of general nondifferentiable penalized M-estimators. In particular, we propose a framework that allows us to define rigorously the influence function as the limiting influence function of a sequence of approximating functionals. We show that this influence function can be used to characterize the robustness properties of a wide range of sparse estimators and that it can be viewed as a derivative in the sense of distribution theory. At the end of this thesis, we discuss some extensions of our work and give an overview of the future challenges of robust statistics in high dimensions.
Surprising Dynamics From a Simple Model

You are knee-deep in the craziness of a typical semester. There are (at least) two major obligations vying for your valuable time, be they teaching-related issues versus revis ing that paper, preparing for a committee meeting versus going to the gym, or perhaps playing softball with your daughter and soccer with your son. How do you decide how much time to devote to each of these activities in a given day? Fully aware that "there is no best model, only better ones" [1, p. xv], I nevertheless tout a particularly simple model of this decision-making process as being exemplary [7]. It is simple enough to include in an undergraduate dynamical systems or modeling course, yet sophisticated enough to capture a variety of possible behaviors. The model yields insights both valuable and mathematically interesting. Above all, perhaps, this versatile model also arises in economics when studying price fluctuations in a single commodity market [10]. After introducing a queueing model of this decision-making process [7], I will show how a similar family of mappings arises in the cobweb model of adaptive price expec tations from economic dynamics [10]. This will be followed by an investigation into the dynamics of this model, which include both the well-known period-doubling route to chaos and the less well-known "period-halving route to stable equilibrium. " I will conclude with several observations.
Rethinking the FIFA World Cup™ final draw

Abstract We critically examine a number of flaws in the current procedure for the final draw of the FIFA World Cup™: imbalance (the eight groups are not of the same competitive level), unfairness (some teams have a greater chance than others of ending up in a tough group), and uneven distribution (all the possible outcomes of the draw are not equally likely). These flaws result from the way FIFA has decided to enforce the geographic constraints that they put on the draw. We explain how, by building eight pots by level organized in an S-curve, and drawing first a continental distribution of the groups and then the teams, we can enforce the geographic constraints without sacrificing balance, fairness, and even distribution. As a result, we describe a new tractable draw procedure that produces eight balanced and geographically diverse groups, is fair to all teams, and gives equally likely outcomes.
Revealing A Possible Implication By Imposing Lee-Yang Theorem On The Partition Function of The Universe

The goals of this note are twofold: First, to revisit a mechanism proposed by Ho\v{r}ava and Minic\cite{Horava:2000fk} which generates a zero cosmological constant to the Universe based on Boltzmann probability distribution and the Holographic principle, a comparison between the zero cosmological constant and recent observation results is given. Secondly, in order to investigate the possibility of phase-transition phenomena of the Universe, a further study on an exponential class of the partition function of the Universe, which is given by Shaw and Barrow \cite{Shaw:2011ij,Barrow:2011bs} was provided by investigating the distribution of Lee-Yang zeros are given. The contribution of this paper is that after applying the fundamental theorem of algebra to one action chosen from the exponential class that derived from the Shaw and Barrow's works, the Lee-Yang theorem can be applied to the selected action, meaning that critical phenomena might involve the growth of large-scale structure of the Universe, and the phase transition phenomena of the Universe might exist during the spacetime expands.
Identification of representative anisotropic material properties accounting for friction and preloading effects: A contribution for the modeling of structural dynamics of electric motor stators

Simulating the dynamic behavior and determining equivalent material properties for anisotropic models, superelements or structures subjected to preloads or friction remains a challenging issue. Amongst other practical applications, modeling interactions between the steel sheets in industrial magnetic cores of electric motor stators is a complex task, as it requires anticipating behavioral heterogeneities in the structure, and possibly represents significantly costly operations for performing modal or dynamic response simulations. In this article, a method for identifying equivalent material properties to anisotropic structures is developed, which is able to take into account the influence of preloads and friction on the material properties, later used in structural dynamics simulations. The proposed approach can be used with superelements, converting stiffness matrices into elasticity matrices. The method is first applied to a triclinic model, and recreates its elasticity matrix with little derivation. Then, an equivalent linear material is computed for a continuous structure under preloading. Compared at low frequencies, the vibration behavior of the preloaded structure and its equivalent effective media are in good agreement. The operation is repeated with a laminated stack under preloading. Again, the dynamic behavior of the equivalent structure shows good accuracy compared to the initial preloaded stack. Finally, the magnetic core of an electric machine stator is modeled with equivalent anisotropic material properties, accounting for friction and preload in the yoke's and the teeth's steel sheets. The simulation of the structure's low-frequency radial vibration modes is satisfying, and shows improvement compared to orthotropic properties.
Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Caffeine in tablets by Mean Centering and Derivative Transforms of UV Ratio Spectra

Mean centering and first derivative transforms of UV ratio spectra were developed to resolve strongly overlapping spectra of paracetamol and caffeine in binary mixtures. Paracetamol 25 mg/L and caffeine 3.25 mg/L were identified as suitable divisors to obtain highest spectral recovery. The calibration graphs were recorded in phosphate buffer pH 7.2 for paracetamol (10–35 mg/L) and caffeine (2.4–4.4 mg/L). These spectrophotometric methods were successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of paracetamol and caffeine in commercially available tablets. They were also more sensitive than previously reported spectrophotometric method. No significant difference in accuracy and precision was observed for the proposed methods and official USP-HPLC.
Local wave speed and bulk flow viscosity in Francis turbines at part load operation

ABSTRACT The operation of Francis turbines at off-design conditions may cause the development of a cavitation vortex rope in the draft tube cone, acting as a pressure excitation source. The interactions between this excitation source and the hydraulic system at the natural frequency may result in resonance phenomena, causing serious hydro-mechanical oscillations. One-dimensional draft tube models for the simulation and prediction of part load resonances require an accurate modelling of the wave speed and the bulk viscosity for the draft tube flow. This paper introduces a new methodology for determining these two hydroacoustic parameters in the draft tube of a reduced scale physical model of a Francis turbine, based on experimental identification of the hydraulic natural frequency of the test rig. Finally, dimensionless numbers are derived to define both the wave speed and bulk viscosity for different operating points of the turbine.