Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIFE HISTORY OF THE SPINY DOGFISH

The spiny dogfish, a small shark, is a costly nuisance to commercial fishermen off both coasts of the United States. Data on the species' life history were gathered from the literature and from original studies and assembled in one report as a basis for possible future management. The species reaches a maximum length of 100-124 cm. and a maximum weight of 7-10 kg. The females are slightly larger than the males. Dogfish are known to migrate in large schoolsand. occasionally, to travel long distances. Tagging studies suggest they move offshore in the winter and inshore in the summer. They are opportunistic feeders witli a diet list that includes fishes and crustaceans. Age determinations from interpretation of spine markings indicate the dogfish are long lived with some individuals living for The spiny dogfish 8q'uahl'8 acanthia.s L. , a small shark of the family Squalidae, luts been one of the most intensively studied fishes, but one in which extensive knowledge is lacking. The species is studied by college students in zoology, ichthyology, compara.tive anatomy, and vertebrate taxonomy and is a favorite experimental animal for physio­ logical studies including pharmacological f.oxicity tests. Few comprehensive biological studies of this fish have been made, however, except for Ford's (19~1) study at Plymouth, England, Tem­ pleman's (1944) study in Newfoundland, and the studies made by Bonham, Sanford, Clegg, and Bucher (1949) in the State of ·Washington. In general, most of the publishe.d reports represent isolated observations or estremely specific studies. As a result, we know, for example, the function of the rectal gland of the spiny dogli.sh (Burger I Present address: Institute of Marine Science, University or Miami, Fla.
The Effects of Crop Tree Management on the Fine Root Traits of Pinus massoniana in Sichuan Province, China

Pinus massoniana is an important tree species for wind protection and timber forests in Southern China. In recent years, P. massoniana plantations have been developed on more than 11,300,000 hm2 in southern China, but numerous problems have been observed, such as soil degradation, biodiversity reduction, and ecological functional decline. Crop tree management impacts on fine root development, which can be explained by the variations in the root orders. In this study, a 36-year-old P. massoniana plantation located in Huaying, Sichuan Province, was selected as the research field. In 2015, crop tree management was initiated, with a crop tree intensity of 150 trees per hectare. After 3 years of growth, fine roots of crop and noncrop trees were collected by the sector method with an angle of 15 degrees and a radius of 2 meters. We analyzed the morphological characteristics and biomass in different root orders, and explored their carbon and nitrogen contents. The results were as follows: (1) The specific root length (SRL), root length density (RLD), and surface root area (SRA) of the crop trees were larger than those of the noncrop trees; the SRL increased significantly from 0–0.5 m to 1–1.5 m from the stem. (2) The fine root biomass of the crop trees was significantly larger than that of the noncrop trees. The fine root biomass of the crop and the noncrop trees increased with the horizontal distance from the stem from 0–0.5 m to 1–1.5 m. The morphological indexes of the noncrop trees at the distances of 1–1.5 m and 1.5–2 m were significantly different, while those of the crop trees at those distances were not. (3) The fine root C content of the crop trees was significantly higher than that of the noncrop trees and varied significantly along a vertical distribution. The fine root N content of the crop trees was significantly higher than that of the noncrop trees, and the N content of topsoil was higher than that of deeper soil. In conclusion, our results indicated that crop tree management increased the production of a large-diameter wood of P. massoniana, which might be attributed to the improvement of soil permeability and nutrient stock, and thus, the enhancement of fine root quantity and water/nutrient absorption ability.
Renal Inflammation in DOCA-Salt Hypertension: Role of Renal Nerves and Arterial Pressure

Recent reports indicate that, in addition to treating hypertension, renal denervation (RDN) also mitigates renal inflammation. However, because RDN decreases renal perfusion pressure, it is unclear whether these effects are because of the direct effects of RDN on inflammatory signaling or secondary to decreased arterial pressure (AP). Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the contribution of renal nerves to renal inflammation in the deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt rat, a model in which RDN decreases AP and abolishes renal inflammation. In Experiment 1, we assessed the temporal changes in renal inflammation by measuring renal cytokines and AP in DOCA-salt rats. Uninephrectomized (1K) adult male Sprague Dawley rats that received surgical RDN or sham (Sham) were administered DOCA (100 mg, SC) and 0.9% saline for 21 days. AP was measured by radiotelemetry, and urinary cytokine excretion was measured repeatedly. In Experiment 2, the contribution of renal nerves in renal inflammation was assessed in a 2-kidney DOCA-salt rat to control for renal perfusion pressure. DOCA-salt treatment was administered after unilateral (U-)RDN. In Experiment 1, DOCA-salt–induced increases in AP and renal inflammation (assessed by urinary cytokines) were attenuated by RDN versus Sham. In Experiment 2, GRO/KC (growth-related oncogene/keratinocyte chemoattractant), MCP (monocyte chemoattractant protein)-1, and macrophage infiltration were lower in the denervated kidney versus the contralateral Sham kidney. No differences in T-cell infiltration were observed. Together, these data support the hypothesis that renal nerves mediate, in part, the development of renal inflammation in the DOCA-salt rat independent of hypertension. The mechanisms and cell-specificity mediating these effects require further investigation.
Graph Convolutional Label Noise Cleaner: Train a Plug-And-Play Action Classifier for Anomaly Detection

Video anomaly detection under weak labels is formulated as a typical multiple-instance learning problem in previous works. In this paper, we provide a new perspective, i.e., a supervised learning task under noisy labels. In such a viewpoint, as long as cleaning away label noise, we can directly apply fully supervised action classifiers to weakly supervised anomaly detection, and take maximum advantage of these well-developed classifiers. For this purpose, we devise a graph convolutional network to correct noisy labels. Based upon feature similarity and temporal consistency, our network propagates supervisory signals from high-confidence snippets to low-confidence ones. In this manner, the network is capable of providing cleaned supervision for action classifiers. During the test phase, we only need to obtain snippet-wise predictions from the action classifier without any extra post-processing. Extensive experiments on 3 datasets at different scales with 2 types of action classifiers demonstrate the efficacy of our method. Remarkably, we obtain the frame-level AUC score of 82.12% on UCF-Crime.
Prospective, multicenter, observational study of tissue acquisition through EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy using a 25G Franseen needle

Background: Recently, EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) using a Franseen needle was developed for histological tissue acquisition. However, the yield of a 25G Franseen needle when acquiring histological core tissue has been unclear. Patients and Methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter, and observational cohort study that included 100 solid lesions scheduled for EUS-FNB using a 25G Franseen needle at eight centers in Hokkaido, Japan. Only EUS-FNB specimens acquired at the first pass were evaluated without a rapid on-site evaluation. The tissue acquisition rate, acquisition rate of an adequate specimen for histological assessment, the quality of tissue sample, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic accuracy, and adverse events were evaluated. Results: We analyzed a total of 100 solid lesions in 100 patients. The patients were 57 males and 43 females with a median age of 70 years. The technical success rate was 100%. The tissue acquisition rate was 95.0%. The acquisition rate of an adequate specimen for histological assessment was 82.0%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy were 87.0%, 100%, 100%, 40.0%, and 88.0%, respectively. The adverse event rate was 1.0%, and it was reported in only one patient who had a moderate pancreatic fistula. Conclusions: EUS-FNB using the 25G Franseen needle was feasible, and adequate histological core tissue samples were acquired with this method.
An investigation of the porosity dependent strength and leachability of mine tailings matrices containing heavy metals

Abstract Mine tailings are the byproducts of the mining industry. For many decades these tailings used to be stored in specially formed tailings ponds. This method of storage has caused several environmental disasters, coupled in some instances with human fatalities. These catastrophes prompted a change in the management strategy of tailings. This change started with attempting to solidify the tailings to immobilize them and reduce their hazard. As part of this new strategy, and in an effort to investigate the applicability of using mine tailings as a construction material, this study is an attempt to investigate the porosity dependent strength and leachability of newly formed mine tailings matrices. And to evaluate the applicability of using four different theoretical models to predict the strength of these matrices. For this purpose, two mine tailings, Musselwhite and Mont Wright, from the Eastern parts of Canada have been selected. In this study, solidification of the newly formed tailings matrices was investigated using Ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, slag and the new binder Calsifrit. Results show that using Calsifrit as a partial cement replacement, in addition to slag and fly ash, reduced the porosity of the tailings matrices. The leaching test showed that several types of heavy metals have a high percentage of retention in these matrices. Compressive strength results indicate that the tailings matrices are suitable as construction materials for certain structural applications. However, current theoretical models overpredict their strength and overprediction increases when fly ash or slag are added to the mix.
On‐line balancing of random inputs

We consider an online vector balancing game where vectors vt, chosen uniformly at random in {− 1, + 1}n, arrive over time and a sign xt ∈ {− 1, + 1} must be picked immediately upon the arrival of vt. The goal is to minimize the L∞ norm of the signed sum ∑txtvt . We give an online strategy for picking the signs xt that has value O(n1/2) with high probability. Up to constants, this is the best possible even when the vectors are given in advance.
Calcium-dependent blood-brain barrier breakdown by NOX5 limits postreperfusion benefit in stroke

Ischemic stroke is a predominant cause of disability worldwide, with thrombolytic or mechanical removal of the occlusion being the only therapeutic option. Reperfusion bears the risk of an acute deleterious calcium-dependent breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Its mechanism, however, is unknown. Here, we identified type 5 NADPH oxidase (NOX5), a calcium-activated, ROS-forming enzyme, as the missing link. Using a humanized knockin (KI) mouse model and in vitro organotypic cultures, we found that reoxygenation or calcium overload increased brain ROS levels in a NOX5-dependent manner. In vivo, postischemic ROS formation, infarct volume, and functional outcomes were worsened in NOX5-KI mice. Of clinical and therapeutic relevance, in a human blood-barrier model, pharmacological NOX inhibition also prevented acute reoxygenation-induced leakage. Our data support further evaluation of poststroke recanalization in the presence of NOX inhibition for limiting stroke-induced damage.
A Comparison of Symptoms of Mental Disorders Among Prisoners in the Rehabilitation Semi-Open System and Closed Prison System

Background: Given the high prevalence of the symptoms of mental disorders among prisoners, it was assumed that the semi-open prison system could be an appropriate way to decrease many damages caused by the prison environment. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the symptoms of mental disorders between two groups of prisoners in semi-open and closed prison systems in the central prison of Zahedan. Methods: The current study was conducted from January to March 2015 in the Central Prison of Zahedan located in Southeastern Iran. This descriptive study used an ex post facto design, and the statistical method was Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The sample of the present study included 598 prisoners selected by applying the simple random sampling method (sortation). In this study, the symptom checklist (SCL-90) was used to collect the data. The obtained data were analyzed via SPSS23. Results: A total of 253 prisoners with semi-open prison sentences (29 ± 5-years-old) and 345 prisoners with closed prison sentences (31 ± 4-years-old) participated in this study. The results of MANOVA indicated that closed prisoners had higher mean scores on all symptoms of mental disorders (somatic complaints, obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, aggression, phobia, paranoid thoughts, and psychosis) than semi-open prisoners, indicating the prevalence of the symptoms of mental disorders among closed prisoners (F = 21.25, Wilks’ Lambda = 0.70, P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, there was a significant difference in the symptoms of mental disorders between the two groups of prisoners in semi-open and closed prison systems.
High Frequency of Multiclass HCV Resistance-Associated Mutations in Patients Failing Direct-Acting Antivirals: Real-Life Data

Background Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has dramatically increased sustained virological response rates in HCV-infected patients. However, resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) interfering with NS3- and NS5A-targeted therapy, still emerge. This real-life study analysed the type and frequency of RAS in rare cases of patients failing DAA regimens in 12 clinical centres in Israel. Methods Blood samples and clinical data from 49 patients who failed various DAAs were collected. RAS identified in the NS3 and NS5A regions by population (Sanger) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were compared by treatment regimen and HCV subtypes. Results The majority (71.4%, 35/49) of patients were infected with the genotype (GT)1b strain, while 12.2% (6/49) carried GT1a and 14.3% GT3a/b (7), GT4a (1) and GT1b/GT3a. RAS were identified in 85.7% (42/49) of failures, of which 90.5% (38/42) were clinically relevant RAS (known to be associated with a specific GT and DAA in patients failing therapy or those with more than twofold change in in vitro replicon assays). The most abundant RAS were 168A/E/Q/G/N/V (32.6%, 16/49) identified in NS3, and 93H/N (61.2%, 30/49), 31I/M/V (34.7%, 17/49) and 30R/H/K (12.2%, 6/49), identified in NS5A. Significantly more clinically relevant RAS were identified in NS5A (82.2%, 37/45) than in NS3 (35.7%, 10/28; P<0.01). While RAS were identified in all GT1a, GT3b and GT4a failures (100%, 10/10), only 71.8% (28/39) of GT1b or GT3a failures had RAS (P=0.09). In four cases, NGS identified additional clinically relevant RAS and in one patient, NGS deciphered coexistence of GT3a and GT1b infections. Conclusions Our findings, together with additional real-life data, will contribute to the optimization of retreatment in DAA failure, when cost-related and suboptimal regimens must be employed.
Evidence From the Phylogenetic Domain and the Use of L1 in English Language Teaching

The theoretical foundations supporting adherence to naturalistic language learning approaches appear to have entirely collapsed, just as non-naturalistic approaches to language teaching such as translation and translanguaging have become increasingly respectable in English language teaching. In line with this, language and language learning are increasingly being understood as sociocultural phenomena, inevitably situated in local contexts, rather than in terms of manipulation of an abstract, universally-shared set of syntactic rules. This prompts a reevaluation of both traditional methods and innovation in specific sociocultural settings. We offer a review of some important developments in our understanding of language acquisition, with particular focus on evidence from the phylogenetic domain, often overlooked by language professionals, and suggest directions for fruitful investigation. In this regard, we recommend attention first to methods that have stood the test of time in the sociocultural milieu, that are acknowledged as having value by both local teachers and students. As a notable example of these, we focus on the pedagogical use of L2 vocabulary items embedded in L1 text. We find that the claim made by Japanese native local teachers, that such L1 use is helpful in vocabulary learning, receives significant support from our experimental results.
Persistence Model of Non-traditional Online Learners: Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, and Self-Direction

ABSTRACT This quantitative non-experimental correlational study examined the associations among the predictor variables of first year, first semester nontraditional online learners’ self-regulation, self-direction, and self-efficacy with the criterion variable of semester-to semester persistence. A nonprobability convenience sampling method was used to select nontraditional learners enrolled in online undergraduate degree level courses during the Fall semester of the 2018–2019 academic year at a private higher education institution in the Southeast region of the United States. A logistical regression analysis demonstrated that nontraditional online learner semester-to-semester persistence can be explained by the combination of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and self-directedness. The entire model containing all the predictor and criterion variables signiﬁcantly predicted whether or not first-semester, first-year nontraditional, online learners would persist beyond their second semester at the current institution. The adequacy of the model was further supported by the results of the Hosmer and Lemeshow test, which confirmed that the model is a good fit for predicting online, nontraditional learner persistence.
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in patients with peripheral blood eosinophilia during antituberculosis treatment

Background/Aims Peripheral eosinophilia during tuberculosis (TB) treatment is common, but has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of peripheral blood eosinophilia in patients undergoing anti-TB treatment. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of patients who received anti-TB treatment and had peripheral blood eosinophilia (> 5% of the total white blood cell count) at the Chonnam National University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014. Results Of all 2,234 patients with TB who received anti-TB treatment, 397 (17.8%) had peripheral blood eosinophilia. Of the 397 with eosinophilia, we reviewed the data of 262 (66%), and cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) were observed in 161 (61.5%). Of the 161 with CADRs, itching (47.2%) and skin rash (47.8%) were common. Older age, abnormal liver function, and higher peak blood eosinophil percentage were associated with CADRs in multivariate analysis. There was a significant relationship between increased peak eosinophil counts and the degree of severity of CADRs. Conclusions Peripheral blood eosinophilia is a relatively common occurrence during anti-TB treatment. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts were higher according to the degree of severity of CADRs.
Exploring the link between management training and organizational performance in the small business context

This study aims to explore the impact of management training on organizational performance in the small business context to evaluate whether formal management learning interventions bring organizational benefits to small enterprises. ,A qualitative approach was adopted consisting of 100 interviews with small firm owners/managers and employees working in 50 Greek small enterprises operating in the manufacturing and services sectors. Participant firms consisted of 25 small enterprises (9 manufacturing firms and 16 firms in the services sector) whose owners/managers have completed various formal training interventions (i.e. accredited seminars and workshops, business and management courses, etc.,) and 25 small enterprises (16 manufacturing firms and 9 firms in the services sector) whose owners/managers have not completed any sort of formal business training and have never attended formal management courses. ,The findings revealed that management training in small businesses had a positive impact on organizational performance. In particular, those respondents that completed formal training interventions argued that their firms achieved increased profitability during 2017 and 2018; improved staff productivity; very low staff turnover rate; and enhanced staff satisfaction and motivation compared with the less-trained owners of small firms in the same sector. The participants pointed out that their formal education in business and management has enabled them to realize the importance of employee learning and job design for staff motivation, whereas it has helped them to manage change more effectively. ,The present findings have major implications for practitioners (i.e. small firm owners/managers), as they point to a positive link between management training and organizational performance, thus encouraging them to invest in their self-development. ,The existing evidence around the impact of management training on firm performance has been based mostly on quantitative research in large organizations. However, the available empirical studies fail to explore in-depth how formal management training can help smaller enterprises achieve improved organizational performance. Against this background, the present study sheds new light on this area.
Online Quantification of Lactate Concentration in Microdialysate During Cerebral Activation Using 1H-MRS and Sensitive NMR Microcoil

The dynamic in vivo profiling of lactate is of uppermost importance in both neuroenergetics and neuroprotection fields, considering its central suspected role as a metabolic and signaling molecule. For this purpose, we implemented proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) directly on brain microdialysate to monitor online the fluctuation of lactate contents during neuronal stimulation. Brain activation was obtained by right whisker stimulation of rats, which leads to the activation of the left barrel cortex area in which the microdialysis probe was implanted. The experimental protocol relies on the use of dedicated and sensitive home-made NMR microcoil able to perform lactate NMR profiling at submillimolar concentration. The MRS measurements of extracellular lactate concentration were performed inside a pre-clinical MRI scanner allowing simultaneous visualization of the correct location of the microprobe by MRI and detection of metabolites contained in the microdialysis by MRS. A 40% increase in lactate concentration was measured during whisker stimulation in the corresponding barrel cortex. This combination of microdialysis with online MRS/MRI provides a new approach to follow in vivo lactate fluctuations, and can be further implemented in physio-pathological conditions to get new insights on the role of lactate in brain metabolism and signaling.