Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Quality of Water Resource from Great Ruaha River and Allied Water Sources Serving Domestic Purposes at Pawaga Division

This study intended to assess water quality from Ruaha River and allied water sources serving domestic purpose in Pawaga division. By using standard methods triplicate samples from sixteen (16) different sites were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters and bacteriological values. The conductivity of analysed samples ranged between 1 – 286 µS/cm which is lower than the TBS threshold 2,500 µS/cm. The TDS ranges between 107 – 2235.8 mg/L during the wet season and 49.0 – 2,616.3 mg/L during the dry season. The level of Na+ ranges between 0.2 – 104.4 mg/L during rainy season and 0.8 -119 mg/L during dry season. Nitrate levels ranges between 0.4 – 101.4 mg/L during rainy season and 0.3 – 107.9 mg/L during dry season. This may be contamination from fertilizers, municipal wastewaters, feedlots, septic systems in river water. Sulphate concentration ranges between 0.3 – 93.0 mg/L during rainy season and 3.7 – 98.9 during dry season. Sulphate can also be produced by bacterial or oxidizing action as in the oxidation of organo-sulphur compounds and the more common sinks are pyrite, gypsum, and sulphate reduction. The study concluded that, water supplied by Pawaga water supply must be treated to eliminate microbial, physical and chemical pollution prior to domestic water supplies. It recommended that Government should strengthen water intervention management and carry out intervention measures to improve water quality and reduce water pollution’s impact on human health. The control of water pollution can be done by increasing monitoring of wastewater disposal into rivers, carrying out an inventory and identifying water pollution sources.
Effect of Arabinogalactans on Induction of White-Opaque Somatic Embryos of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Duke-7

The development of somatic embryogenesis in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has been hampered by different chronic problems. One such problem is the low level of induction of white-opaque somatic embryos (WOSEs) during the process of obtaining full avocado plants. We detected the induction of multiple WOSEs promoted after the placement of three or four small WOSEs over the embryogenic callus of Duke-7. Among the other possible chemical inductors of the Arabinogalactans (AGPs), we identified a family of extracellular plant proteoglycans implicated in many aspects of the in vitro induction of somatic embryos (SE). We extracted AGPs directly from embryogenic cultures of avocado. When the induction/proliferation medium of embryogenic avocado calli (MS-0.1 mg L−1 Picloram) was supplemented with 1–2 mg L−1 AGP, the induction rate of good-quality WOSEs from the embryogenic callus increased significantly (more than ten times that of the control without AGP) and this effect persisted for at least five subcultures after the initial treatment with AGP. AGP also modified the texture and quality of the callus. The effect of AGP extends to other cultivars and proliferation media. Our objectives were to improve the induction of WOSEs and study the effect of AGP in the somatic embryogenesis of avocado.
Organic geochemistry of Palaeozoic Source Rocks, Orcadian Study Area, North Sea, UK

A systematic screening of TOC, Rock-Eval and vitrinite reflectance data extracted from released legacy well reports was undertaken with the aim of providing a data based, regional overview of source rock intervals and their levels of maturity. Released, publicly available data is sparse; much of the data for the Devonian of the Orcadian Basin is contained with confidential commercial reports (see Greenhalgh (2016) for a literature review of available information with regards to source rocks and migrated Palaeozoic oils in this area). The regional screening approach used and technical parameters are described in Vane et al. (2015). The detailed stratigraphy is presented in Whitbread and Kearsey (2016; see Figure 2) and this regional screening is incorporated into the basin modelling work of Vincent (2016) and petroleum systems synthesis of Monaghan et al. (2016).
The impact of ditch blocking on the hydrological functioning of blanket peatlands

Ditch blocking in blanket peatlands is common as part of peatland restoration. The effects of ditch blocking on flow regimes and nearby water tables were examined in a field trial. After an initial 6-month monitoring period, eight ditches had peat dams installed 10 m apart along their entire length (dammed), four of these ditches were also partially infilled through bank reprofiling (reprofiled). Four ditches were left open with no dams or reprofiling (open). These 12 ditches and the surrounding peat were monitored for 4 more years. An initial five-fold reduction in discharge occurred in the dammed and the reprofiled ditches with the displaced water being diverted to overland flow and pathways away from the ditches. However, there was a gradual change over time in ditch flow regime in subsequent years, with the overall volume of water leaving the dammed and the reprofiled ditches increasing per unit of rainfall to around twice that which occurred in the first year after blocking. Hence, monitoring for greater than one year is important for understanding hydrological impacts of peatland restoration. Overland flow and flow in the upper ~4 cm of peat was common and occurred in the inter-ditch areas for over half of the time after ditch blocking. There was strong evidence that topographic boundaries of small ditch catchments, despite being defined using a high-resolution Light Detection And Ranging-based terrain model, were not always equivalent to actual catchment areas. Hence, caution is needed when upscaling area-based fluxes, such as aquatic carbon fluxes, from smaller scale studies including those using ditches and small streams. The effect of ditch blocking on local water tables was spatially highly variable but small overall (time-weighted mean effect <2 cm). Practitioners seeking to raise water tables through peatland restoration should first be informed either by prior measurement of water tables or by spatial modelling to show whether the peatland already has shallow water tables or whether there are locations that could potentially undergo large water-table recoveries.
Analyzing the Quality, Reliability, and Educational Value of ACL Rehabilitation Exercises on TikTok: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Videos relating to rehabilitation exercises for common injuries relevant to younger populations such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear receive high view counts on social media platforms such as TikTok. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality, reliability, and educational value of TikTok videos among the patient population for ACL injury. It was hypothesized that TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises would lack quality, reliability, and educational value. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: TikTok was queried for relevant videos using the hashtags “#ACLrehab” and “#ACLexercises. ” For each included video, the type of uploader (general user or health care professional) was identified. In addition, the number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites for each included video was recorded, and the content of each video was graded using the DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and the ACL exercise education score (ACLEES - a custom-designed tool for the evaluation of ACL-related exercises). Results: A total of 111 videos with 5,520,660 cumulative views were included; the median number of views per video was 9801.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 3583.0-28,000.0). Of these videos, 84 and 27 were created by the general public and health care professionals, respectively. The videos collectively received 335,577 likes, 2969 comments, 22,856 favorites, and 6142 shares, with a median of 439 (IQR, 111-1374), 10 (IQR, 2.5-25.5), 54 (IQR, 18-172.5), and 12 (IQR, 2-36), respectively. The tabulated scores for the DISCERN and ACLEES between general users and health care professionals were all statistically nonsignificant. Health care professionals had a higher percentage of videos with a “very poor” DISCERN score in comparison with the general public (66.67% vs 53.57%, respectively). Conclusion: The overall educational value of the TikTok videos related to ACL rehabilitation exercises was very poor. Health care professionals should be aware of the broad distribution of ACL rehabilitation exercise videos that are accessible on TikTok and raise awareness of the deficiencies of the platform as a medium for educational medical-related information.
Cobalt Encapsulated in Nitrogen-Doped Graphite-like Shells as Efficient Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Arylalkanes

Selective oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenne is an important process in both organic synthesis and fine chemicals diligence. The cobalt-based catalysts combined with nitrogen-doped carbon have received great attention in ethylbenzene (EB) oxidation. Here, a series of cobalt catalysts with metallic cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in nitrogen-doped graphite-like carbon shells (Co@NC) have been constructed through the one-pot pyrolysis method in the presence of different nitrogen-containing compounds (urea, dicyandiamide and melamine), and their catalytic performance in solvent-free oxidation of EB with tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as an oxidant was investigated. Under optimized conditions, the UCo@NC (urea as nitrogen source) could afford 95.2% conversion of EB and 96.0% selectivity to acetophenone, and the substrate scalability was remarkable. Kinetics show that UCo@NC contributes to EB oxidation with an apparent activation energy of 32.3 kJ/mol. The synergistic effect between metallic cobalt NPs and nitrogen-doped graphite-like carbon layers was obviously observed and, especially, the graphitic N species plays a key role during the oxidation reaction. The structure–performance relationship illustrated that EB oxidation was a free radical reaction through 1-phenylethanol as an intermediate, and the possible reaction mechanistic has been proposed.
An Insight on Gut Flora, Colorectal Cancer Mechanism, and Treatment Strategies

The microbiota in the stomach functions like an actual organ. To maintain gut homeostasis, the digestive tract’s symbiotic relationships with the local microorganisms are crucial. This symbiotic connection may be upset, and illnesses like inflammatory bowel disorders and cancer can be promoted. Infections, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications are a few examples of environmental factors that might alter the microbiome. It is becoming increasingly clear that the microbiota plays a part in the development of colorectal cancer. The complex interplay of tumour cells, nonneoplastic cells, and a large variety of microbes results in colorectal cancer. About 10% of new cancer cases globally are colorectal cancer instances (CRC). The gut microflora, which is situated adjacent to the colorectal epithelium, is made up of a sizable population of bacteria that interact with host cells to control a variety of physiological functions, including energy production, metabolism, and immune response. Sequencing research has revealed microbial compositional and ecological changes in CRC patients, while functional research in animal models has identified several bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, specific strains of Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis, as key players in the development of colorectal cancer. In this review, we focus on dysbiosis and the potentially carcinogenic characteristics of bacteria to evaluate the possible connections between the bacterial microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis. We also discuss pertinent mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential for using the microbiota as CRC biomarkers, and the possibility of manipulating the microbiota for CRC prevention or treatment.
Reasoning with Exceptive Conditionals: The case of ‘Except If’

espanolEn esta investigacion presentamos una adaptacion de la teoria de modelos mentales (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991, 2002) que trata de explicar como las personas razonan con el condicional excepto si. Se realizaron dos experimentos que mostraron que el condicional exceptivo excepto si ejerce ciertos tipos de modulacion semantica y determina las inferencias que los individuos elaboran en una tarea de inferencia (Experimento 1) y de tablas de verdad (Experimento 2). En el Experimento 1 encontramos que no hay diferencias entre el porcentaje de Modus Ponens y Modus Tollens en el condicional excepto si pero si son significativas para el condicional si no, entonces. En el Experimento 2, los participantes seleccionaron mas frecuentemente las posibilidades ‘A y no-B’ y ‘no-A y B’ que las posibilidades ‘A y B’ y ‘no-A y no-B’ en el condicional ‘B excepto si A’, mientras que con el condicional ‘B si no A’ y ‘si no A, B’ seleccionaron mas frecuentemente la posibilidad ‘no-A y B’ que las otras posibilidades (‘A y no-B’, ‘A y B’, ‘no-A y no-B’). Las implicaciones de estos resultados se discuten en el contexto de las teorias psicologicas y linguisticas recientes referentes al significado de excepto si. EnglishIn this paper we outline a mental model theory (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991, 2002) of reasoning about the conditional except if. We report two experiments showing that the exceptive conditional except if exerted certain forms of semantic modulation and determined the inferences that individuals draw in an inference task (Experiment 1) and in a truth table task (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1 we found that there were no reliable differences between the percentage of modus ponens and modus tollens with the conditional except if but that the differences were reliable with the conditional if not, then. In Experiment 2, participants selected the possibilities ‘A & not-B’ and ‘not-A & B’ more frequently than the possibilities ‘A & B’ and ‘not-A & not-B’ with the conditional ‘B except if A’, but they selected the possibility ‘not-A & B’ more frequently than other possibilities (‘A & not-B’, ‘A & B’, ‘not-A & not-B’) with the conditionals ‘B if not-A’ and ‘if not-A, B’. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of recent psychological and linguistic theories in respect of the meaning of except if
The Role of Helmet Fastening in Motorcycle Road Traffic Accidents

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of death among the Indian population. Motorcycle accidents are the most prominent type of injuries among road traffic accidents in India. In this prospective cross-sectional study, all the patients attending three centers in north Bangalore, with facial injuries occurring from a motorcycle accident, were included. The subjects were analyzed for the type of collision, helmet use, type of helmet use, and fastening status of the helmets. A total of 311 motorcyclists were included in this study for a period of 18 months (December 2015 to June 2017). There were 79.7% males and 20.3% females. The most prominent age group was 21 to 30 years. The percentage of riders sustaining facial injuries was significantly more in the non-helmeted group. The most common injuries in open face helmets were in the middle and lower third of the face, whereas in closed face helmets it was in the middle third of the face. The numbers of injuries were significantly higher in the nonfastened helmet group as compared with fastened helmet group. Helmet fixation is an important characteristic along with helmet type for the better effectiveness and safety of the helmets for the motorcyclists.
A phenylpentane derivative from Sanghuangporus vaninii inhibits EMT mediated tumor progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting EGFR

Background: Sanghuangporus vaninii has antioxidant, anti-inﬂammatory, anti-tumor and other eﬀects. However, the antitumor eﬀects and mechanisms of S.vaninii gainst pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Methods: The antitumor activity of compounds isolated from S. vaninii was evaluated, and cell function experiments, such as wound healing, transwell and 3D culture assays, were conducted after the target cancer species was determined. Transcriptome analysis, Micro-Scale Thermophoresis and western blot were used to verify the targets and signaling pathways. Results: 13 compounds were isolated and identiﬁed from S.vanini. Among them, compound 1, the phenylpentane derivative compound, has the strongest inhibitory activity on the pancreatic cancer cells. In vitro, compound 1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, tube formation and colony formation of PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Through transcriptome analysis, the signaling pathways compound 1 targeted were identiﬁed as MAPK/PI3K and HIPPO pathways. Western blot and immunoﬂuorescence assay also showed that compound 1 can inhibit the EMT through inactivated HIPPO signaling pathway. By molecular docking and MST assay, we conﬁrmed that compound 1 interacted with EGFR by binding with LYS745/PHE856 of EGFR. After knocking down EGFR, the eﬀect of compound 1 on downstream signaling pathways was weakened, and the functions such as migration and invasion of cancer cells were also decreased. Conclusion: Compound 1, the phenylpentane derivative isolated from S. vaninii, inhibited the malignant process and EMT in PANC-1 cells via MAPK/PI3K and HIPPO signaling pathways by targeting EGFR. These data indicated that compound 1 might be a potential drug candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment.
The perceptions of university students on technological and ethical risks of using robots in long-term care homes

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted long-term care (LTC) residents and exacerbated residents’ risks of social isolation and loneliness. The unmet emotional needs of residents in LTC have driven researchers and decision-makers to consider novel technologies to improve care and quality of life for residents. Ageist stereotypes have contributed to the underuse of technologies by the older population. Telepresence robots have been found to be easy to use and do not require older adults to learn how to operate the robot but are remotely controlled by family members. The study aimed to understand the perspectives of multidisciplinary university students, including healthcare students, on using telepresence robots in LTC homes. The study would contribute to the future planning, implementation, and design of robotics in LTC. Methods: Between December 2021 and March 2022, our team conducted interviews with 15 multidisciplinary students. We employed a qualitative descriptive (QD) approach with semi-structured interview methods. Our study aimed to understand the perspectives of university students (under the age of 40) on using telepresence robots in LTC homes. Participants were invited to spend 15 min remotely driving a telepresence robot prior to the interview. A diverse team of young researchers and older adults (patient and family partners) conducted reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Six themes were identified: Robots as supplementary interaction; privacy, confidentiality, and physical harm; increased mental well-being and opportunities for interactions; intergenerational perspectives add values; staffing capacity; environmental and cultural factors influence acceptance. Conclusion: We identified a diverse range of perspectives regarding risk and privacy among participants regarding the implementation of telepresence robots in long-term care. Participants shared the importance of the voice of the resident and their own for creating more equitable decision-making and advocating for including this type of technology within LTC. Our study would contribute to the future planning, implementation, and design of robotics in LTC.
A dual attention mechanism network with self-attention and frequency channel attention for intelligent diagnosis of multiple rolling bearing fault types

Different fault types of rolling bearings correspond to different features, and classical deep learning models using a single attention mechanism (AM) have limitations in capturing feature diversity. Therefore, a novel dual attention mechanism network (DAMN) with self-attention (SA) and frequency channel attention (FCA) is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. The SA mechanism is used to capture global relationships between the input features and fault types, and the FCA mechanism applies multi-spectral attention to learn the local useful information among different input channels. The results of the ablation study on the effects of FCA blocks showed that including a proper combination of multiple frequency components is helpful in achieving higher accuracy. Experiments were conducted to diagnose rolling bearings with multiple types of faults. The results show that, compared with current fault diagnosis models, the proposed DAMN has better comprehensive performance in terms of diagnosis accuracy and model convergence speed. It was also demonstrated that the backbone of DAMN based on a dual AM could achieve better performance than the backbone based on a single AM.
Choline – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Choline is an essential nutrient with metabolic roles as a methyl donor in one carbon metabolism and as a precursor for membrane phospholipids and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline content is particularly high in liver, eggs, and wheat germ, although it is present in a variety of foods. The main dietary sources of choline in the Nordic and Baltic countries are meat, dairy, eggs, and grain. A diet that is devoid of choline causes liver and muscle dysfunction within 3 weeks. Choline requirements are higher during pregnancy and lactation than in non-pregnant women. Although no randomized controlled trials are available, observational studies in human, supported by coherence from interventional studies with neurodevelopmental outcomes and experimental studies in animals, strongly suggest that sufficient intake of choline during pregnancy is necessary for normal brain development and function in the child. Observational studies suggested that adequate intake of choline could have positive effects on cognitive function in older people. However, prospective data are lacking, and no intervention studies are available in the elderly.
Microhabitat preference of the cabrera vole in a Mediterranean cork oak woodland of southern Portugal

Dans ce travail, nous determinons les variables les plus importantes qui influencent la distribution du Campagnol de Cabrera (Microtus cabrerae), le Rongeur le plus menace au Portugal. Les donnees ont ete obtenues dans une chenaie de Chene-liege au sud du Portugal, sur 221 ha. Un total de 35 et 30 colonies ont ete enregistrees, correspondant aux saisons seche (avril - juin) et humide (octobre - decembre), et 22 variables mesurees dans un cercle de 10 m de rayon qui entoure chaque colonie, ont permis de definir la structure et la composition du microhabitat. Deux modeles de regression logistique ont ete construits pour les deux saisons. Les modeles obtenus sont statistiquement robustes et presentent une bonne capacite predictive (saison seche : 94,1% de classification correcte et AUC = 0,987 ; saison humide: 82,4 % de classification correcte et AUC = 0,869). Nos resultats demontrent l'importance des surfaces ouvertes (clairieres) avec de grandes couvertures de plantes herbacees comme des facteurs determinants de la presence du Campagnol de Cabrera. Ils montrent aussi que la distribution et l'espacement des colonies peut considerablement changer pendant l'annee, ce qui doit etre pris en compte en vue de la conservation de l'espece.