Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic Farming in India: An Alternative Agricultural System

The Green Revolution brought about a transformation in India. A starving nation as it was in nineteenth century, India is in a position today, as a result of Green Revolution, to export food produce. Most farmers of the country, with the support of government adapted to this agricultural system. More yield per hectare brought in more money and prosperity which further promoted this system. Green Revolution, however, brought in its wake some formidable consequences like pesticide poisoning, water logging, salinization, soil erosion, water contamination, falling ground water table and the depletion of biodiversity. Immense damage has been caused by the Abstract The Green Revolution brought about a transformation in India. A starving nation in nineteenth century, India is in a position today to export food produce. Green Revolution, however, brought in its wake some formidable consequences like impoverished land, poisoned food and ecological imbalance. To feed the teeming millions and at the same time, to protect them against the ravages caused by chemical agriculture, the pesticides and the fertilizers, is the dire need of the country. The remedy lies in alternative patterns of agriculture free from damaging consequences of the present system. Sustained agriculture is the system that provides the required quantity and quality of food and yet leaves the soil un-impoverished and the ecological balance undisturbed. Countries like Cuba, a model in sustainable agriculture, offers organic farming as the alternative pattern that may fill the bill. In India too, thousands of farmers, throughout the country are switching over to organic farming. In the study, an attempt is made to examine organic farming as an alternative agricultural system in the country. The cause of organic farming has been taken by a number of NGOs in different states and many state governments have drafted policies for promoting it. The bane of the system is low productivity, which fails to cater to the rising needs of increasing population. High levels of production, however, have recently been achieved in some areas in the country. In 2012, Darvespura village in Nalanda district of Bihar, for example, achieved highest production of paddy and potato in the world by registering a yield of 20.9 tonnes per hectare and 72.9 tonnes per hectare respectively. For the conservation and preservation of environment, a mixed system where both conventional and organic farming is practiced to meet environmental concerns as well as production, is recommended.
Sonority Hierarchy in Warrongo (Australia)

This paper provides data on the intervocalic consonant clusters of Warrongo (Australia), and offers the following observations: (a) The liquids /r, 1/ should be considered more sonorous than the semivowel /w/; (b) The liquid /r/ should be considered more sonorous than the semivowel /j/; (c) Among the nasals, the alveolar /n/ should be considered more sonorous than the bilabial /m/ and the velar / 1J /; (d) Among the nasals, the palatal / J1 / should be considered more sonorous than the velar / 1J /; (e) Among the stops, the alveolar /d/ should be considered more sonorous than the velar /g/; and (f) Among the nasals and stops, the alveolars may possibly be the most sonorous, and the velars possibly the least sonorous. In terms of (a) and (b), Warrongo diverges from most of the languages discussed in the literature, where semivowels are considered more sonorous than liquids.
Parameterization of the Bulk Liquid Fraction on Mixed-Phase Particles in the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) Scheme: Description and Idealized Simulations

Bulk microphysics parameterizations that are used to represent clouds and precipitation usually allow only solid and liquid hydrometeors. Predicting the bulk liquid fraction on ice allows an explicit representation of mixed-phase particles and various precipitation types, such as wet snow and ice pellets. In this paper, an approach for the representation of the bulk liquid fraction into the predicted particle properties (P3) microphysics scheme is proposed and described. Solid-phase microphysical processes, such as melting and sublimation, have been modified to account for the liquid component. New processes, such as refreezing and condensation of the liquid portion of mixed-phase particles, have been added to the parameterization. Idealized simulations using a one-dimensional framework illustrate the overall behavior of the modified scheme. The proposed approach compares well to a Lagrangian benchmark model. Temperatures required for populations of ice crystals to melt completely also agree well with previous studies. The new processes of refreezing and condensation impact both the surface precipitation type and feedback between the temperature and the phase changes. Overall, prediction of the bulk liquid fraction allows an explicit description of new precipitation types, such as wet snow and ice pellets, and improves the representation of hydrometeor properties when the temperature is near 0°C.
Hard-Candy Consumption Does Not Have an Effect on Volume and pH of Gastric Content in Patients Undergoing Elective Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of hard candies on gastric content volume and pH in patients undergoing elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. Additionally, the study evaluated the difficulty of the procedure, complications, and satisfaction levels of the endoscopist and patient. Patients and Methods: A randomized controlled study equally recruited 108 outpatients to candy and control groups. The patients in the candy group could consume sugar-free candies within 2 hours before anesthesia, while the controls remained fasted. The endoscopic procedure began under topical pharyngeal anesthesia and intravenous sedation. A blinded endoscopist suctioned the gastric volume through an endoscope. A blinded anesthesia provider tested the gastric pH with a pH meter. The primary outcome variables were gastric volume and pH. The secondary outcome variables were complications, the difficulty of the procedure, and endoscopist and patient satisfaction. Results: The characteristics of both patient groups were comparable. The mean gastric volume of the candy group (0.43 [0.27– 0.67] mL/kg) was not significantly different from that of the control group (0.32 [0.19–0.55] mL/kg). The gastric pH of both groups was similar: 1.40 (1.10–1.70) for the candy group and 1.40 (1.20–1.90) for the control group. The procedure-difficulty score of the candy group was higher than that of the control group. The satisfaction scores rated by the endoscopist and the patients in both groups were comparable. In addition, most endoscopists and patients in the candy and control groups reported being “very satisfied”. No complications were observed in either group. Conclusion: Hard candies did not affect gastric volume or pH. Elective gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in adult patients who preoperatively consume candies could proceed to prevent delays and disruption of workflows.
Consumer Reviews and the Creation of Booking Transaction Value : Lessons from the Hotel Industry 8-8-2015

In recent years, much has been said about online consumer-generated feedback. Concern typically emerges regarding consumer decision-making as well as the preservation of an organization’s image. Additionally, a company’s financial performance can be affected by customer online ratings. The present study explores the impact of a hotel’s rating and number of reviews on the value generated through online transactions. Through collaboration with consulting company Travel Click, the research team gathered a sample of 178 hotels representing various companies and brands within the United States. Research results demonstrate that Trip Advisor ratings as well as the number of reviews had positive relationship with the average size of each online booking transaction. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications.
International Journal of Hospitality Management An innovative approach to the intellectual property in haute cuisine

The paper investigates the relationship between the culinary innovation process (divided in two stages: idea generation and idea transformation ) and the role of creativity protection. The aim is to understand how chefs protect their creativity and their innovation outcomes. The analysis is based on a sample of 132 Italian Michelin-starred chefs. The study sheds light on creativity and innovation domains in the hospitality environment where organizations have to continuously innovate in order to maintain a defensible competitive position. It identiﬁes ﬁve “barriers against imitation” by competitors: “ listening to clients ’ needs ”; “ chef ’ s own creativity ”, “ systematic approach to creativity ”; “ knowledge based feasibility ”; “ accumulated professional skills ”. The paper represents an initial effort to examine creativity protection concepts in the gastronomy sector, which are still unexplored. It contributes to a better understanding of how to protect the intellectual property in a sector where the applicability of law-based intellectual property systems is very low.
Ostrowski-type fractional integral inequalities for mappings whose derivatives are h-convex via Katugampola fractional integrals

In this paper we generalize some Riemann-Liouville fractional integral inequalities of Ostrowski type for h-convex functions via Katugampola fractional integrals, generalization of Riemann- Liouville and the Hadamard fractional integrals. Also we deduce some known results by using p-functions, convex functions and s-convex functions.
Estimating Discrete-Time Gaussian Term Structure Models in Canonical Companion Form

This article formally introduces a convenient parametrization for the popular class of discrete-time essentially-affine term structure models in the spirit of Duffee (2002), and Ang and Piazzesi (2003). First, I show that if the term structure is spanned by N_f latent state variables, all pricing information must also be contained in N_f shortest-maturity forward rates. Every no-arbitrage model of the type studied is therefore observationally equivalent to a unique canonical model in which these forward rates act as factors. Second, the risk-neutral transition matrix of the canonical model is conveniently parametrized by N_f unrestricted real numbers, and the risk neutral drift is a function of factor covariance matrix, plus one extra parameter. Third, although it may appear restrictive to specify the shortest-maturity forward rates as factors, the model can be estimated using all information in observed bond prices, either by Kalman filter, or assuming perfect observability of certain combinations of yields. Monte-Carlo evidence suggests that both approaches lead to similar out-of-sample forecasting performance in artificial data sets. Finally, by using unique insights offered by the canonical companion form, I discuss some difficulties in fitting term structure models of the essentially-affine class to the standard set of Fama-Bliss discount bonds. The problems stem from the existence of factors seemingly inconsistent with the assumption of no arbitrage. This discussion may have implications for interpreting the evidence of bond return predictability, and for the question of whether imposing no arbitrage can improve yield forecasts.
THE HUMAN-CAPITAL CENTURY AND AMERICAN LEADERSHIP: VIRTUES OF THE PAST

The modern concept of the wealth of nations emerged by the early twentieth century. Capital embodied in people—human capital—mattered. The United States led all nations in mass postelementary education during the “human-capital century. ” The American system of education was shaped by New World endowments and Republican ideology and was characterized by virtues including publicly funded mass education that was open and forgiving, academic yet practical, secular, gender neutral, and funded and controlled by small districts. The American educational template was a remarkable success, but recent educational concerns and policy have redefined some of its “virtues” as “vices. ”
Engine-Airframe Integration for the Flying-V

The Flying-V is a novel ﬂying wing concept where the main lifting surface has been fully integrated with the passenger cabin. Previous studies have focused on the aerodynamic and structural design of the airframe; but, prior to determining which engine-airframe integration alternative is most beneﬁcial (e.g. boundary layer ingestion, distributed propulsion, and alike), an aerodynamic analysis of the engine installation eﬀects needs to be performed. In this sense, engine integration studies require of complex models and a multidisciplinary approach to address the physics involved in the engine-airframe interaction phenomenon. In particular, the location of the engines around the airframe has a major impact on the overall aerodynamics of the aircraft. Hence, this study focuses on determining whether the aerodynamic eﬃciency beneﬁts expected from this conﬁguration are not oﬀset by negative interferences with the nacelle, weight penalties, or regulation constraints. In order to do so, and initial benchmark for the lift to drag ratio is obtained from a baseline Flying-V conﬁguration, and the inﬂuence of the x, y, and z coordinates, as well as engine orientation are analysed afterwards. To carry out the simulations, an Euler pressure-based solver on a three-dimensional-unstructured grid is used to model the ﬂow at cruise condition: M = 0.85, h = 13000 m, α = 2.9 ◦ , and T = 50 kN, and the viscous drag contribution is computed following an empirical approach. A total of forty diﬀerent engine locations are tested under these conditions to build a preliminary surrogate model that predicts the aircraft’s lift to drag ratio based on the position of the nacelle. The results obtained show that misplacing the engine can lead to signiﬁcant lift to drag ratio losses going as high as 55% when compared against the ideal integration conﬁguration. Finally, a region behind the airframe’s trailing edge is identiﬁed where the interference losses due to the installation are minimized. In light of the results obtained, a location is recommended for the engines where the perturbations observed on the lift to drag ratio are near the 10%, and a good compromise is obtained among the diﬀerent requirements imposed.
The Relationship between Family Support and Levels of Depression with the Quality of Life of Elderly During the Pandemic Period in Pasekan Health Center, Indramayu District year 2022

Quality elderly life is the functional condition of the elderly in optimal conditions so that they can enjoy their old age with meaning, happiness, and usefulness. This study intends to examine the association between family support and depression level and the quality of life of senior patients at the Pasekan Health Center, Indramayu Regency, during the pandemic. This study is quantitative research. The Pasekan Public Health Center, Indramayu Regency's population, consists of an average of 86 senior persons per month; therefore, a total sample is taken. The results showed: 75.6% of families supported the elderly during the pandemic, 53.5% of the elderly experienced moderate depression during the pandemic, and 59.3% of the quality of life of the elderly included moderate criteria. The statistical test for the relationship between family support and the level of depression with the quality of life of the elderly obtained a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, which means Ho is rejected, and Ha is accepted. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between family support and the level of depression in the quality of life of the elderly during the pandemic. It should be remembered that the quality of life of the elderly has to do with family support and the level of depression. The elderly should reduce the things that can cause depression by doing regular exercise, positive thinking, and others, as well as the need for family support so that the impact on the quality of life is increasing.
Towards a Theory of Quantum Gravity Through Geometrization of Quantum Mechanics

In this thesis, we adapt an approach by assuming quantum mechanics as a fundamental theory of nature and attempt to recover familiar concepts such as space-time geometry and gravity from quantum wavefunctions and their unitary evolutions. More specifically, we explore a number of approaches in "geometrizing" quantum systems using techniques such as tensor networks and manifold learning. We find that consistency conditions in quantum gravity can be used to put constraints on tensor network models that approximate the anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence. Furthermore, quantum circuits and tensor networks can also be used to describe cosmological models and reproduce important features of space-time configurations such as de Sitter space. We find that a generic framework using quantum circuit to describe cosmology puts an upper bound on the number of e-folds during the inflationary phase of the Universe's expansion. In addition to tensor network models, we also propose a Bulk Entanglement Gravity framework that analyzes the entanglement data of a quantum state in a Hilbert space without any a priori assumptions on geometry, such as the likes of a boundary conformal field theory. We find that from an amorphous configuration, one can directly recover geometry of bulk space-time from a generic class of wavefunctions that is fully characterized in this thesis via quantum entropy cone techniques. We find that under a number of assumptions, it is possible to derive linearized Einstein's equation from a version of Jacobson's entanglement equilibrium conditions for an emergent spacetime geometry in the weak field limit near Minkowski space. We show that non-local entanglement perturbations display features of wormhole-like configurations. We also clarify connections between Bulk Entanglement Gravity and highly generic features in quantum error correction codes that can be used to derive gravity.
Wave-activity conservation laws and stability theorems for semi-geostrophic dynamics. Part 1. Pseudomomentum-based theory

There exists a well-developed body of theory based on quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics that is central to our present understanding of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. An important question is the extent to which this body of theory may generalize to more accurate dynamical models. As a first step in this process, we here generalize a set of theoretical results, concerning the evolution of disturbances to prescribed basic states, to semi-geostrophic (SG) dynamics. SG dynamics, like QG dynamics, is a Hamiltonian balanced model whose evolution is described by the material conservation of potential vorticity, together with an invertibility principle relating the potential vorticity to the advecting fields. SG dynamics has features that make it a good prototype for balanced models that are more accurate than QG dynamics. In the first part of this two-part study, we derive a pseudomomentum invariant for the SG equations, and use it to obtain: (i) linear and nonlinear generalized Charney–Stern theorems for disturbances to parallel flows; (ii) a finite-amplitude local conservation law for the invariant, obeying the group-velocity property in the WKB limit; and (iii) a wave-mean-flow interaction theorem consisting of generalized Eliassen–Palm flux diagnostics, an elliptic equation for the stream-function tendency, and a non-acceleration theorem. All these results are analogous to their QG forms. The pseudomomentum invariant – a conserved second-order disturbance quantity that is associated with zonal symmetry – is constructed using a variational principle in a similar manner to the QG calculations. Such an approach is possible when the equations of motion under the geostrophic momentum approximation are transformed to isentropic and geostrophic coordinates, in which the ageostrophic advection terms are no longer explicit. Symmetry-related wave-activity invariants such as the pseudomomentum then arise naturally from the Hamiltonian structure of the SG equations. We avoid use of the so-called ‘massless layer’ approach to the modelling of isentropic gradients at the lower boundary, preferring instead to incorporate explicitly those boundary contributions into the wave-activity and stability results. This makes the analogy with QG dynamics most transparent. This paper treats the f-plane Boussinesq form of SG dynamics, and its recent extension to β-plane, compressible flow by Magnusdottir & Schubert. In the limit of small Rossby number, the results reduce to their respective QG forms. Novel features particular to SG dynamics include apparently unnoticed lateral boundary stability criteria in (i), and the necessity of including additional zonal-mean eddy correlation terms besides the zonal-mean potential vorticity fluxes in the wave-mean-flow balance in (iii). In the companion paper, wave-activity conservation laws and stability theorems based on the SG form of the pseudoenergy are presented.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, five different variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Due to confounding factors in the human population, such as pre-existing immunity, comparing severity of disease caused by different VOCs is challenging. Here, we investigate disease progression in the rhesus macaque model upon inoculation with the Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2 VOCs. Disease severity in rhesus macaques inoculated with Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 was lower than those inoculated with Delta and resulted in significantly lower viral loads in nasal swabs, bronchial cytology brush samples, and lung tissue in rhesus macaques. Cytokines and chemokines were upregulated in nasosorption samples of Delta animals compared to Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 animals. Overall, these data suggests that in rhesus macaques, Omicron replicates to lower levels than the Delta VOC, resulting in reduced clinical disease.
Generalized structural time series model

new class of univariate time series models is developed, the Generalized Structural (GEST) time series model. The GEST model extends Gaussian structural time series models by allowing the distribution of the dependent variable to come from any parametric distribution, including highly skew and=or kurtotic distributions. Furthermore, the GEST model expands the systematic part of time series models to allow the explicit modelling of any or all of the distribution parameters as structural terms and (smoothed) functions of independent variables. The proposed GEST model primarily addresses the difficulty in modelling time-varying skewness and kurtosis (beyond location and dispersion time series models). The originality of the thesis starts from Chapter 6 and in particular Chapter 7 and Chapter 8, with applications of the GEST model in Chapter 9. Chapters 2 and 3 contain the literature review of non-Gaussian time series models, Chapter 4 is a reproduction of Chapter 17 in Pawitan (2001), which contains an alternative method for estimating the hyperparameters instead of using the Kalman filter, and Chapter 5 is an application of Chapter 4 to smoothing Gaussian structural time series models.