Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INDUÇÃO IN VITRO DE CALOS ATRAVÉS DE EXPLANTES EXTRAÍDOS DE PLÂNTULAS DA CATINGUEIRA (Poincianella pyramidalis Tul.)

Poincianella pyramidalis Tul. e conhecida popularmente como catingueira por ser uma planta endemica da regiao norte do Estado do Ceara (Bioma Caatinga). Essa planta possui importância economica por causa do seu uso na medicina popular. Ela apresenta varios compostos com propriedades terapeuticas, sendo utilizada principalmente para o tratamento de anemia, infeccoes intestinais e respiratorias. O cultivo in vitro consiste em tecnicas que permitem a multiplicacao de celulas, em menor escala de tempo e com maior controle de fitossanidade devido as condicoes assepticas. Os calos podem ser usados para obter plantas resistentes a condicoes adversas, como fungicidas e herbicidas. Alem disso, os calos sao considerados fonte de celulas para extracao de moleculas especificas de importância para a pesquisa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer protocolos de inducao in vitro de calos utilizando explantes de P. pyramidalis (Fabaceae), indicando as concentracoes dos fitorreguladores utilizados no meio de cultura. Incialmente, para a obtencao de plântulas, realizou-se a germinacao das sementes de catingueira in vitro em meio de germinacao denominado de Meio AA, e em substrato vermiculita. A partir das plântulas obtidas, retiraram-se os explantes (epicotilos e folhas) que foram submetidos a um processo denominado desinfeccao e, em seguida, foram inoculados no meio de cultura (MS), suplementados com os fitorreguladores e incubados na câmara de germinacao (B.O.D.). Observou-se o tamanho das amostras e o indice de oxidacao a cada tres dias. Os resultados mostraram um aumento de calos. Portanto, os resultados sugerem que os tipos de fitorreguladores e concentracoes avaliadas nesse estudo possuem capacidade de induzir calos a partir de explantes da catingueira.
Basilemys morrinensis, a New Species of Nanhsiungchelyid Turtle from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta, Canada

ABSTRACT We describe a new species of nanhsiungchelyid turtle, Basilemys morrinensis, based on a nearly complete shell from the Horsethief Member (lower Maastrichtian) of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta. The species is intermediate in age between the Campanian forms B. variolosa and B. gaffneyi and the upper Maastrichtian forms B. sinuosa and B. praeclara. It is also intermediate in its morphology, possessing a unique suite of both plesiomorphic (e.g., divided extragulars) and derived (e.g., square epiplastral beak, pygal wider than long) traits. It is further characterized by an autapomorphic square cervical scale. Phylogenetic analysis assuming parsimony recovers B. morrinensis in a polytomy with B. variolosa and B. gaffneyi, outside the clade formed by the upper Maastrichtian forms B. sinuosa and B. praeclara. The holotype of Basilemys morrinensis provides the first evidence that this genus reached large size (~1 m long) in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation and was not diminutive as previously thought based on less complete shell material. Although Basilemys is usually regarded as terrestrial in habit based on its skull and limb morphology, we note that the low profile of its shell is a derived feature usually indicative of an aquatic mode of life. This suggests that there is yet much to learn about the life habits of this interesting turtle.
Pest categorisation of Citrus tristeza virus (non‐European isolates)

Abstract The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of non‐European isolates of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) for the EU territory. CTV is a well characterised virus for which efficient detection assays are available. It is transmitted by vegetative multiplication of infected hosts and by aphid vectors. The most efficient one, Toxoptera citricida, has limited EU presence but another one, Aphis gossypii, is broadly distributed. CTV is reported from a range of countries outside the EU and EU isolates are present in seven of the eight citrus‐growing member states. Non‐EU isolates are not known to occur in the EU and therefore do not meet one of the criteria for being a Union regulated non‐quarantine pest. The natural host range of CTV is restricted to Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus species. CTV non‐EU isolates are listed in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC and the main pathway for entry, plants for planting, is closed by the existing legislation. CTV isolates may therefore only enter through minor alternative pathways. They have the potential to subsequently spread through plants for planting and through the action of aphid vectors. CTV non‐EU isolates are able to cause severe symptoms on a range of citrus crops that EU isolates do not induce. Overall, non‐EU CTV isolates meet all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as Union quarantine pests. The main knowledge gaps and uncertainties concern (1) the status of Rutaceae species other than Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus as natural hosts for CTV; (2) the potential undetected presence of non‐EU CTV isolates in the EU and in particular the prevalence and biological properties of CTV isolates that may be present in ornamental citrus; and (3) the inability of EU CTV isolates apparently related to non‐European stem pitting (SP) isolates to cause SP in sweet orange.
A review of climatic change as a determinant of the viability of koala populations

Abstract. The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) occupies a broad range of eastern and southern Australia, extending over tropical coastal, semiarid inland and temperate regions. In many areas koala populations are under threat, in particular from the direct and indirect effects of ongoing habitat destruction due to increased urbanisation and other anthropogenic processes. Climate change presents additional threats to the integrity of koala habitats because many species of food and non-food trees have narrow climate envelopes and are unable to adapt to altered temperatures and rainfall. Climate extremes also produce physiological stresses in koalas that may increase the likelihood of outbreaks of chlamydiosis and other diseases. Climate change–related increases in the relative content of toxic chemicals in leaves are further stresses to the koala after ingestion. In addition, populations that originated from a small number of founder individuals are at potential risk due to their relatively low genetic diversity. Strategies that maintain residual habitat fragments and promote the construction of new refugia are now being formulated. Modelling of the impact of habitat metrics on koala distribution is providing important information that can be used in the rehabilitation of koala refugia. In future these models could be augmented with metrics that describe koala homeostasis to inform local conservation strategies. These considerations are also relevant for the maintenance of other taxa in the wider ecosystem that are also at risk from habitat destruction and climate change.
Orientation and reproductive condition of migrating dragonflies (Anisoptera)

Occasionally, while in Uganda and Canada, I observed dragonflies stopping overnight during migration. In this account 1 focus on their behaviour during arrival, roosting and departure, and on their reproductive condition. In doing so. 1 document fully aspects that have been noticed briefly elsewhere (CORBET, 1974; CORBET & EDA, 1969). From equatorial Uganda and southern Canada the behaviour and reproductive condition of migrating Anisoptera are described. In neither situation was sexual activity seen among migrating adults. In Uganda, a very large Bight of Anisoptera, predominantly Hemianax ephippiger, descended at sunset from a great height,
Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Hypertonic Glucose on the Treatment of Cows with Postpartum Anestrus

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous infusion of hypertonic glucose for recycling of the cows with postpartum anestrus. One hundred true anestrus Holstein–Frisian cows with ≥ 60 days in milk (DIM) according to the ultrasound examinations were selected from a dairy herd located on the suburb of Tabriz. Anestrus cows randomly were allocated into two groups: A&B (n=50). In group A (Gluco–Select synch), cows received 500 mL hypertonic glucose for 3 consecutive days (–3 to 0) IV, 0.021 mg bucerelin acetate on the day 0, IM followed by 25 mg dinoprost tromethamine IM on the day 7. In group B (Select synch), the same protocol was carried out on the cows except that the glucose hypertonic solution replaced by normal saline as placebo. Thereafter all cows were detected for estrus signs for the next 5 days and inseminated based on visual signs. Twenty seven out of 50 cows (54 %) in group A and 8 out of 50 cows (16 %) in group B showed the estrus signs respectively. Conception rates were recorded as A=44.5 %, B=37.5 % for the first insemination and A=B=100 % for the second insemination of cows. The number of insemination per pregnancy was calculated as 1.55 and 1.62 for groups A and B respectively. In the case of estrus rate, the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P≤0/01), but in the cases of conception rate or the number of insemination per pregnancy rate the differences were not statistically significant. Keyword: Anestrus, Cow, Glucose, Hypertonic, Postpartum.
Following the cold: geographical differentiation between interglacial refugia and speciation in the arcto‐alpine species complex Bombus monticola (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Cold‐adapted species are expected to have reached their largest distribution range during a part of the Ice Ages whereas postglacial warming has led to their range contracting toward high‐latitude and high‐altitude areas. This has resulted in an extant allopatric distribution of populations and possibly to trait differentiations (selected or not) or even speciation. Assessing inter‐refugium differentiation or speciation remains challenging for such organisms because of sampling difficulties (several allopatric populations) and disagreements on species concept. In the present study, we assessed postglacial inter‐refugia differentiation and potential speciation among populations of one of the most common arcto‐alpine bumblebee species in European mountains, Bombus monticola Smith, 1849. Based on mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA markers and eco‐chemical traits, we performed integrative taxonomic analysis to evaluate alternative species delimitation hypotheses and to assess geographical differentiation between interglacial refugia and speciation in arcto‐alpine species. Our results show that trait differentiations occurred between most Southern European mountains (i.e. Alps, Balkan, Pyrenees, and Apennines) and Arctic regions. We suggest that the monticola complex actually includes three species: B. konradini stat.n. status distributed in Italy (Central Apennine mountains), B. monticola with five subspecies, including B. monticola mathildis ssp.n. distributed in the North Apennine mountains ; and B. lapponicus. Our results support the hypothesis that post‐Ice Age periods can lead to speciation in cold‐adapted species through distribution range contraction. We underline the importance of an integrative taxonomic approach for rigorous species delimitation, and for evolutionary study and conservation of taxonomically challenging taxa.
Effects of a nanostructure of phytic acid absorber on the performance and protein digestibility in laying hens

A ten-week experiment was conducted to study the effect of a nanostructure of phytic acid absorber (NPAA) on the performance and protein digestibility in laying hens. A total of 100 Bovans laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, with 4 replicates, 5 hens each. The experiment was a completely randomized design with 5 levels of NPAA; including zero (T1, as a basal diet (BD)); T2 (BD+ 0.5% NPAA); T3 (BD + 0.25% NPAA); T4 (BD + 0.0625% NPAA) and T5 (BD + 0.03125% NPAA of total P) in diet. Water and feed were offered ad libitum . Inclusion of NPAA to the diet had significant effects (P<0.05) on egg production (%) at 25 weeks of age and over the whole experiment. Dietary treatments significantly affected the egg weight (P<0.001) at 29 th weeks of age, and hens receiving T5 produced heavier eggs compared to T1, T2 and T3 treatments. NPAA also affected (P<0.05) the egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at weeks 29 and 30. Egg shell weight was significantly (P<0.05) affected at 29 th week of age; however, dietary treatments had no effect on the relative egg shell thickness. Egg shell phosphorus and calcium contents were increased by 14.6 and 14.2% respectively at 29 th week of age in T5 compared to the control. At 33 rd week of age, hens in T4 group had significantly higher protein digestibility than T1 birds (P<0.05). It was concluded that inclusion of NPAA to the diet at the level of 0.0625%, may reduce the anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid and improve production performance and protein digestibility in laying hens.
Is the East Asian flora ancient or not

The East Asian flora (EAF) is a key biodiversity hotspot for understanding the origin and evolution of Northern Hemisphere floras, but there is an ongoing debate on whether it is a museum or a cradle for seed plants. Within the EAF, two main floras, the Sino-Himalayan Flora (mainly the Rhododendron Flora) and the Sino-Japanese Flora (mainly the Metasequoia Flora), have been recognized. Previous studies suggested that the EAF is ancient and the Metasequoia Flora is older than the Rhododendron Flora. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized molecular as well as fossil data on seed plants, focusing on the biogeographical origins and historical evolution of the EAF. We compared the ages of its two constituent floras, and examined the impact of the Asian monsoon and other environmental changes on the development of EAF through meta-analysis. Our results suggest that the EAF might be relatively young, with most of its clades originating since the Miocene. The Rhododendron Flora and the Metasequoia Flora are probably of a similar age. The formation and development of the Asian monsoon might have been the main factors that have driven the evolution of EAF. In the Rhododendron Flora, the north-south mountain chains increased the concentration of species and reduced extinction, and the barriers between the east and west have resulted in species differentiation, which triggered it to become a diversity center. The EAF appears to have multiple biogeographical origins, having closely affiliated not only with other floras in the Northern Hemisphere, but also with Gondwanan floras.
PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI Daphnia sp. PADA MEDIA BUDIDAYA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN AIR BUANGAN BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE DUMBO (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS BURCHELL, 1822)

The accumulation of organic compound from waste feed and feces from intensive catfish culture can give negative impact to the water quality. On the other hand, the need of live feed for freshwater fish larvae are not sufficient. The aim of this research was to study the effectivity of intensively catfish culture wastewater as a media for Daphnia sp. culture. The experimental research design was completely randomized with five treatments, i.e: Using 5 g/l of chicken manure in the media culture of Daphnia as a control while treatments B, C, and D were using wastewater of intensively catfish culture. The concentration of wastewater of intensively catfish culture was 25%, 50%, 75%,and each treatment was replicated four times. Broodstock of Daphnia sp. used at least 1mm diameter with stocking density 20 ind / liter. Data on population growth of Daphnia sp. obtained were processed using analysis of variance with confidence interval of 95%, followed by least significant difference test (LSD). Furthermore, water quality parameters and density of plankton was examined as supporting data. The water quality data was observed every 4 days and plankton density observation was conducted at the beginning and the end of the study. The result of this research showed that the wastewater of an intensive catfish culture could be used as an alternative media for Daphnia sp. culture. Based on the analysis showed that the different media of Daphnia sp. culture significantly influenced to the population growth of Daphnia sp. The most effective media for Daphnia sp. culture in this research was treatment C and D i.e. 75 % and 100% of waste water of intensive catfish culture.
Effects of Clinoptilolite on the Digestibility of Nutrients and Relative Organ Weights in Rat Diets

This study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary clinoptilolite on nutrient digestibility and relative organ weights in rats. In this study, 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates, according to a randomized split plots design. In addition to a control group (0% clinoptilolit), 3 levels of clinoptilolite (2%, 4%, and 6%) were used in the diets, and the rats were fed (individually in cages) these diets for 56 days. Statistically significant differences were found among the groups for the digestibility rates of nutrients (P 0.05). In conclusion, clinoptilolites can be used in animal feed as natural toxin binders when stored under suitable conditions.
DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRULINA CONTAINING FERMENTED SYNBIOTIC LASSI

Madhumita Chatterjee, M.Tech. (D.M.), 2012. ABSTRACT Development of Spirulina Containing Fermented Synbiotic Lassi Name of Student Name of Major Advisor Madhumita Chatterjee Dr. J.B. Prajapati Department of Dairy Microbiology, SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand – 388 110, India Lassi is a popular fermented drink with high nutritive value. Probiotic culture addition in lassi increases its functional value. Spirulina is well known for its nutritional and therapeutic effects and can be a potential growth enhancer for probiotics. Hence, we attempted to develop synbiotic lassi with probiotic cultures and supplemented with Spirulina. The lassi was prepared from double toned milk fermented by our own isolates of Streptococcus thermophilus MTCC 5460 and a probiotic culture Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 as per the protocol standardized earlier. The inoculation rate of the cultures was kept to 2.5 % consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus MTCC 5460 at 0.5 % and Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463 at 2 %. Cardamom flavour was used to mask the algal flavour of Spirulina. In the initial phase the concentration of Spirulina powder was optimized by incorporation of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 % (w/v of milk) of Spirulina platensis powder to milk. The increase in Spirulina concentration affected the change in titratable acidity, pH viability of cultures and sensory profile of products. The highest viability of Lactobacilli (8.53 Log CFU/g) was obtained in 0.5 % Spirulina concentration which was statistically at par with 0.2 % concentration (8.27 Log CFU/g). Sensory acceptability was also at par with control up to 0.2 %. Higher concentration was giving algal flavour in product
Alterations of Aqueous Persea americana Seed Extract on Renal Functions Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Rats

Kidney, paired organ whose functions include removing waste products from the blood and regulating the amount of fluid (electrolytes and water) in the body. Life-threatening illnesses occur when too many of these waste products accumulate in the bloodstream. Fortunately, a healthy kidney can easily function by ridding the body of these substances. This study was undertaken to determine the effect that aqueous extract of Persea americana seed has on renal (kidney) functions in alloxan-induced, diabetic (hyperglycemic) wistar rats. Thirty-Five (35) Wistar rats (140 – 200 g) were assigned into seven groups of 5 rats each with group A serving as normal control. C respectively extract (Non-diabetic rats), groups D and E received Alloxan (diabetic control), and Alloxan (diabetic, then treated with 50 mg/kg of metformin). Groups F and G were diabetic rats which respectively received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Persea seed extract. After 28 days of administration, rats were sacrificed with blood samples collected via cardiac puncture for electrolytes, urea and creatinine evaluation. Result shows in diabetic untreated rats, an elevation in the concentrations of Na + , K + , Cl - , M g 2+ , Urea and Creatinine. Somehow, these levels significantly decreased at P<0.05 in rats that were treated with Persea americana seed extracts. No significant change was seen in HCo 3 - concentrations of diabetic control as against normal control. Apparently, Persea americana is a potent hypoglycemic agent, capable of ameliorating altered renal function associated with diabetes mellitus.
Socioecological and environmental predictors of physiological stress markers in a threatened feline species

In recent years, ecological studies have shown that oxidative status can have a significant impact on fitness components in free-ranging animals. This has raised awareness by conservation practitioners about the importance of identifying the factors associated with individual variation in markers of oxidative status because this might provide several potential benefits for conservation programmes. In this study, we measured five markers of oxidative status in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), a carnivore species classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We asked whether the five measures of oxidative damage and antioxidant blood-based markers are associated with a number of socioecological and environmental factors, including individual sex, age class, living condition (free-ranging vs. captive), restraint duration stress (i.e. capture duration stress), spatial tactic of males (territory holders vs. non-territory holders, i.e. floaters) and reproductive status of females (accompanied by offspring vs. solitary). Markers of oxidative damage were higher in those cheetahs that were physically restraint for a longer duration in the trap, indicating that oxidative stress may be increased by short-term unpredictable environmental stressors. Markers of oxidative damage were also higher in captive than free-ranging cheetahs, suggesting that oxidative stress might be a physiological mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of captivity on the health status of cheetahs. Variation of oxidative status markers was also significantly associated with individual age class, spatial tactic and reproductive status, opening new research avenues about the role of oxidative stress in influencing behavioural and life-history traits in cheetahs.
Influence of Mixing and Buoyancy on Competition Between Cyanobacteria Species in Upper Klamath Lake

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Brunkalla, Roberta Joann, "Influence of Mixing and Buoyancy on Competition Between Cyanobacteria Species in Upper Klamath Lake" (2017). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3998.
Designed hybrids facilitate efficient generation of high-resolution linkage maps

In sequencing eukaryotic genomes, linkage maps are indispensable for building scaffolds with which to assemble and/or to validate chromosomes. However, current approaches to construct linkage maps are limited by marker density and cost-effectiveness, especially for wild organisms. We have now devised a new strategy based on artificially generated hybrid organisms to acquire ultra high-density genomic markers at lower cost and build highly accurate linkage maps. Using this method, linkage maps and draft sequences for two species of pufferfish were obtained simultaneously. We anticipate that the method will accelerate genomic analysis of sexually reproducing organisms.