Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Models are Educators Using to Design Virtual World Instruction ?

The purpose of this study was to identify which instructional design (ID) models are currently used in designing virtual world instruction and why. The goal was to identify specific ID elements being used to develop virtual world instruction that enable effective utilization of the technology to support desired learning experiences for students. A review of the literature revealed that there was limited current research about how ID models are being used to develop instruction in virtual world environments. Although previous research studies have focused on understanding how existing ID models are suitable for designing and developing web-based instruction, research was not found that explains how ID models are being used to develop instruction in virtual world environments. Through the study, it was discovered that analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) was the most commonly used process for the design of virtual world instruction. It was also deemed the most appropriate since ADDIE summarizes five phases of an ID process. Essential ID elements were also generated to design and develop virtual world instruction.
Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa

This fascinating interdisciplinary book is about land, belonging, and the mortgage--and how people of different cultural backgrounds understand them in Africa. Drawing on years of ethnographic observation, Parker Shipton discusses how people in Africa's interior feel about their attachment to family, to clan land, and to ancestral graves on the land. He goes on to explain why systems of property, finance, and mortgaging imposed by outsiders threaten Africa's rural people. The book looks briefly at European and North American theories on private property and the mortgage, then shows how these theories have played out as attempted economic reforms in Africa. They affect not just personal ownership and possession, he suggests, but also the complex relationships that add up to civil order and episodic disorder over a longer history. Focusing particular attention on the Luo people of Kenya, Shipton challenges assumptions about rural economic development and calls for a broader understanding of local realities in Africa and beyond.
Demographic Change, Human Capital and Endogenous Growth

This paper employs a large scale overlapping generations (OLG) model with endogenous education to evaluate the quantitative role of human capital adjustment for the economic consequences of demographic change. We find that endogenous human capital formation is an important adjustment mechanism which substantially mitigates the macroeconomic impact of demographic change. Welfare gains from demographic change for newborn households are approximately three times higher when households endogenously adjust their education. Low ability agents experience higher welfare gains. Endogenous growth through human capital formation is found to increase the long-run growth rate in the economy by 0.2-0.4 percentage points.
Nonstandard finite difference scheme for control of measles epidemiology

This paper is based on the analysis of SEIR measles models, which are used to study the integrating vaccination as a control strategy and taking the two stages of infectiousness and transmission dynamics of infectious diseases in a population. Measles is a higher contagious that can spread in a community population depending on the number of people susceptible or infected and also depending on their movement in a community. We construct an unconditionally convergent nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme for SEIR measles model. NSFD preserve the positivity of all values of h. This method proved to be a very efficient technique for solving epidemic models. We obtained disease-free equilibrium (DFE) point, Endemic equilibrium (EE), reproduction number for the model. Moreover, the analysis of the epidemic models using nonstandard finite difference scheme reveals that the method provides a rapidly convergent series solution by little iteration and avoids the massive computational work. Numerical simulations show that the rate of infection is decreased with the passage of time and disease will die out in the community. The results are compared to the Differential Transformation Method to show this scheme is efficient and better accuracy for epidemic models.
The Effect of School Choice on Student Outcomes: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries

School choice has become an increasingly prominent strategy for urban school districts seeking to enhance academic achievement. Evaluating the impact of such programs is complicated by the fact that a highly select sample of students takes advantage of these programs. To overcome this difficulty, we exploit randomized lotteries that determine high school admission in the Chicago Public Schools. Surprisingly, we find little evidence that attending sought after programs provides any benefit on a wide variety of traditional academic measures, including standardized test scores, attendance rates, course-taking, and credit accumulation. This is true despite the fact that those students who win the lotteries attend better high schools along a number of dimensions, including higher peer achievement levels, higher peer graduation rates, and lower levels of poverty. We do, however, uncover evidence that attendance at such schools may improve a subset of non-traditional outcome measures, such as self-reported disciplinary incidences and arrest rates.
A new ice-core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard: viewing the 1920–97 data in relation to present climate and environmental conditions

Abstract In 1997 a 121 m ice core was retrieved from Lomonosovfonna, the highest ice field in Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1250 m a.s.l.). Radar measurements indicate an ice depth of 126.5 m, and borehole temperature measurements show that the ice is below the melting point. High-resolution sampling of major ions, oxygen isotopes and deuterium has been performed on the core, and the results from the uppermost 36 m suggest that quasi-annual signals are preserved. The 1963 radioactive layer is situated at 18.5–18.95 m, giving a mean annual accumulation of 0.36 m w.e. for the period 1963–96. The upper 36 m of the ice core was dated back to 1920 by counting layers provided by the seasonal variations of the ions in addition to using a constant accumulation rate, with thinning by pure shear according to Nye (1963). The stratigraphy does not seem to have been obliterated by meltwater percolation, in contrast to most previous core sites on Svalbard. The anthropogenic influence on the Svalbard environment is illustrated by increased levels of sulphate, nitrate and acidity. Both nitrate and sulphate levels started to increase in the late 1940s, remained high until the late 1980s and have decreased during the last 15 years. The records of δ 18O, MSA (methane-sulphonic acid), and melt features along the core agree with the temperature record from Longyearbyen and the sea-ice record from the Barents Sea at a multi-year resolution, suggesting that this ice core reflects local climatic conditions.
Scientific opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2009-73) for the placing on the market of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

This scientific opinion is an evaluation of a risk assessment for placing on the market the genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 for food and feed uses, import and processing. Soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 was produced by conventional crossing methods, and the F1 plant is hemizygous for all newly introduced traits. The soybean contains the Cry1Ac and CP4 epsps genes conferring resistance against certain lepidopteran target pests and tolerance to glyphosate-based herbicides. No biologically relevant differences were identified in the composition or agronomic and phenotypic characteristics of soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788, as compared with its comparator, except that it expresses the Cry1Ac and CP4 EPSPS proteins. The safety assessment identified no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of establishment and spread of feral soybean plants. Considering its intended use as food and feed, environmental risks associated with an unlikely but theoretically possible horizontal gene transfer from soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 to bacteria have not been identified. Potential interactions of soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 with the biotic and abiotic environment were not considered to be an issue owing to the low level of exposure. The monitoring plan and reporting intervals are in line with the intended uses of soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788. In conclusion, the EFSA GMO Panel considers that the information available for soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 addresses the scientific comments raised by Member States and that the soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788, as described in this application, is as safe as its comparator with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment, in the context of its intended uses.
Morphotectonics of the Concud Fault (Iberian Chain, Spain): Comparing Geomorphic and Geologic Indices of Activity of an Intraplate Extensional Fault

Abstract The results of geomorphic analysis of the Concud fault-generated mountain front (central Iberian Chain, Spain) are introduced into classifications of fault activity proposed by previous authors, and compared with slip rates calculated from geologic markers. The Concud fault is an extensional structure active since the mid Pliocene times. It gives rise to a 60 to 120 m high mountain front, where footwall rocks belonging to the Triassic and Jurassic (north-western sector) and Miocene (south-eastern sector) crop out. Conspicuous triangular facets are preserved on Jurassic rocks of the central sector, while short, generally non-incised alluvial fans make the piedmont. The value of the Mountain-front sinuosity index is Smf = 1.24 for the whole mountain front (1.17 and 1.32, respectively, for both segments showing distinct footwall lithology), as obtained by the most conservative procedure. Average valley floor width/height ratios calculated for seventeen gullies crossing the fault are Vf = 0.30 (250 m upstream from the fault trace) and Vf = 0.22 (500 m upstream). These geomorphic indices, together with qualitative features of the escarpment and piedmont landscape, indicate ‘moderate’ to ‘rapid’ fault activity. The range of slip rates estimated from such morphotectonic classification (0.03 to 0.5 mm/y) encloses the range calculated from offset Late Pliocene and Pleistocene stratigraphic markers (0.07 to 0.33 mm/y). Nevertheless, the highest potential slip rate (0.5 mm/y) clearly represents an overestimate: the mountain front could give the impression of an anomalously high level of activity owing to episodic rejuvenation caused by base level drop.
on Gastrointestinal Imaging

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level US abdomen Usually Appropriate O CT abdomen with IV contrast Usually Appropriate ☢☢☢ Radiography abdomen May Be Appropriate (Disagreement) ☢☢ MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast with MRCP May Be Appropriate O MRI abdomen without IV contrast with MRCP May Be Appropriate O CT abdomen without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢ Nuclear medicine scan gallbladder Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢ CT abdomen without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢☢
The Death and Life of Great American Cities

1 Introduction Part One: The Peculiar Nature of Cities 2 The uses of sidewalks: safety 3 The uses of sidewalks: contact 4 The uses of sidewalks: assimilating children 5 The uses of neighbourhood parks 6 The uses of city neighbourhoods. Part Two: The Conditions for City Diversity 7 The generators of diversity 8 The need for mixed primary uses 9 The need for small blocks 10 The need for aged buildings 11 The need for concentration 12 Some myths about diversity. Part Three: Forces of Decline and Regeneration 13 The self-destruction of diversity 14 The curse of border vacuums 15 Unslumming and slumming 16 Gradual money and cataclysmic money. Part Four: Different Tactics 17 Subsidizing dwellings 18 Erosion of cities or attrition of automobiles 19 Visual order: its limitations and possibilities 20 Salvaging projects 21 Governing and planning districts 22 The kind of problem a city is Index.
Placing teachers? Sustaining rural schooling through place-consciousness in teacher education.

This paper explores two seemingly disparate areas of social inquiry: teacher education and the sustainability of rural communities in Australia. It suggests that these may be usefully understood in close connection with each other, and that healthy rural communities may be supported via reform of the ways in which teacher education prepares graduates for teaching in rural schools. In making this argument we claim that consideration and consciousness of place are important for all teacher education curricula, not merely that on offer in rural and regional centers. We call for metropolitan-based teacher education institutions to consider curriculum practices that take a more active role in fostering healthy and productive rural communities through place-conscious approaches to pedagogy (Gruenewald, 2003). At the center of this call is a concern to ensure the provision of high-quality education for children in rural families and the need for well-trained teachers who are personally and professionally equipped to address the educational needs of their communities.
Regional analysis of hydrological variables in Greece

A locking neck ring device that is placed over a capped bottle or container and grips the bottle neck ring, and together with a padlock or other securing means, prevents access to the bottle cap. The locking device comprises a clamp member that jackets a capped bottle neck; a cover which fits over the clamp member causing it to clamp on to the neck below the neck ring, and means to hold the clamp member to the cover. Provision is made for attaching a padlock or other securing means which holds the locking ring device in place. The bottle or container cap can then not be accessed for removal. The device is applicable to all sizes of drug containers, wine and liquor bottles for effectively locking access to the container contents.
On Computing a Maximal Planar Subgraph using PQ-Trees

The problem of computing a maximal planar subgraph of a non-planar graph has been deeply investigated over the last 20 years. Several attempts have been tried to solve the problem with the help of P Q-trees. The latest attempt has been reported by Jayakumar et al. (1989). In this paper we show that the algorithm presented by Jayakumar et al. is not correct. We show that it does not necessarily compute a maximal planar subgraph and that the same holds for a modiied version of the algorithm presented by Kant (1992). Our conclusions most likely suggest not to use P Q-trees at all for this speciic problem.
MODELS OF DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION BY SUGARCANE

There is need in the South African Sugar Industry for a clear understanding ofthe effects ofage and season ofharvest on cane yield and quality. One of the keys to this under­ standing is the knowledge of how sugarcane grown with ad­ equate water and fertilizer accumulates dry matter. Dry matter yields obtained from the literature and by sampling crops grown recently under these conditions were used to validate two models of photosynthesis and respiration in sugarcane obtained from the literature. A simple light in­ terception model was also developed from unpublished data on the two varieties NC0376 and N14. The models ex­ plained the NC0376 data well and indicated that the gross photosynthetic efficiency of this variety is in the range 8,2 to 8,8% of photosynthetically active radiation, at least while the crop is young. Maintenance respiration appears to be about 0,3% of dry mass. Although several aspects of the models require further validation and refinement, they may be used to determine yield potential in relation to different planting and ratooning regimes and in relation to temporal and spatial variations in solar radiation.
Conceptualizing User Preference and Trust in Western Designed Banking Software Systems in Developing Countries

Organizations in developing countries have over the last decade been investing heavily in information and communication technologies to drive efficiency and effectiveness of their operations. Recent advancements in the development of 21st century banking systems and competition in the banking industry has forced many banks in developing countries to import and use systems designed for the western banking markets and operations. This study investigated the contextual factors impacting adoption, implementation and usage of these western designed software packages in developing countries through a case study of the implementation of Oracle FLEXCUBE at a bank in Cameroon. A mixed-method design approach and triangulation of two technology adoption theories underpinned the research design. Findings revealed significant impact of contextual factors on the implementation process and unexpected trust for western designed software packages compared to local alternatives. Results also show that preference and trust in western designed banking systems cannot be solely explained by constructs from technology adoption theories. Implications and recommendations for future implementations of western designed software packages in similar contexts are discussed.
Signal or Noise? Implications of the Term Premium for Recession Forecasting

Since the 1970s, an inverted yield curve has been a reliable signal of an imminent recession. One interpretation of this signal is that markets expect monetary policy to ease as the Federal Reserve responds to an upcoming deterioration in economic conditions. Some have argued that the yield curve inversion in August 2006 did not signal an imminent recession, but instead was triggered by an unusually low level of the term premium. This article examines whether changes in the term premium can distort the recession signal given by an inverted yield curve. The authors use the Kim and Wright (2005) decomposition of the term spread into an expectations component and a term premium component to compare recession forecasting models with and without the term premium. They find that the expectations component of the term spread is a leading indicator of recession, while the term premium component is not. Their analysis of recession forecasting performance provides some evidence that a model based on the expectations component is more accurate than the standard model that uses the term spread.
Typology of knowledge, skills and competences : clarification of the concept and prototype

intelligence, but it is actually the result of an interaction between intelligence (capacity to learn) and situation (opportunity to learn), so is more socially-constructed than intelligence. Knowledge includes theory and concepts and tacit knowledge gained as a result of the experience of performing certain tasks. Understanding refers to more holistic knowledge of processes and contexts and may be distinguished as know-why, as opposed know-that. A distinction is often made between general knowledge, which is essential irrespective of any occupational context or so fundamental as to be considered basic life knowledge, and knowledge that is specific to a sector or particular group of occupations and only likely to be encountered in such context. Weinert (1999, p. 24), for example, distinguishes: general world knowledge (generally measured by vocabulary tests that are part of many intelligence measurements, and overlapping considerably with what is defined as crystallised intelligence), and more arbitrary specialised knowledge. This specialised knowledge is necessary for meeting content specific demands and solving content-specific tasks. In contrast to general intellectual abilities, one can consider arbitrary knowledge as a demandspecific competence. 01_2005_9377-txt-EN.indd 25 28-06-2006 12:23:26 Process CyanProcess MagentaProcess YellowProcess BlackPANTONE 5415 C Typology of knowledge, skills and competences: clarification of the concept and prototype 26 Collin (1997, p. 297) cites Gardner’s association of know-how with tacit knowledge and know-that with propositional knowledge. Another way of expressing this distinction is between declarative knowledge (knowing what), and procedural knowledge (knowing how). From this perspective, it is often argued that acquiring declarative knowledge (explicit factual knowledge) must precede developing procedural knowledge, which relates to utilising knowledge in context. Gagne’s (1962) model of hierarchical knowledge fits with this approach, identifying the knowledge set necessary for understanding, learning and performing well on a criterion task. This is then traced back to each subordinate set of psychological knowledge, providing a description of knowledge that is increasingly elementary and general. Each knowledge and learning hierarchy therefore rests on primary mental abilities, with the implicit assumption of a general learning transfer capacity and logic of knowledge acquisition. In all domains there is some logic that acquiring and comprehending new knowledge demands facilitating cognitive prerequisites and specific knowledge and skills. Given this interaction between knowledge and skills, their separation in a typology is not easy. Indeed, for Klieme et al. (2004, p. 70), higher competency levels are characterised by the increasing proceduralisation of knowledge, so ‘at higher levels, knowledge is converted to skills’.
Web services description language (wsdl) version 1. 2

Process for the preparation of acrolein, acrylic acid and mixtures thereof or methacrolein, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof by the vapor phase reaction of allyl acetate or methallyl acetate and oxygen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst composition comprising a catalytically effective amount of palladium metal.