Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: ‘Learning the hard way’ – adapting long-term IAPT service provision using lessons from past outbreaks

Abstract Infectious disease outbreaks have occurred sporadically over the centuries. The most significant ones of this century, as reported by the World Health Organization, include the EVD epidemic, SARS pandemic, Swine Flu pandemic and MERS pandemic. The long-term mental health consequences of outbreaks are as profound as physical ones and can last for years post-outbreak. This highlights the need for enhancing the preparedness of pragmatic mental health service provision. Due to its magnitude, the novel COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be the most impactful. Compared with previous outbreaks, COVID-19 has also occurred at higher rates in frontline staff in addition to patients. As COVID-19 is more contagious than earlier outbreaks, there is a need to identify infected people quickly and isolate them and their contacts. This is the current context in which mental health services including IAPT have had to operate. Evidently, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are a major mental health service provider in the UK that have demonstrated variability in their response to COVID-19. While some IAPT services quickly adapted their existing strengths and resources (e.g. remote working), other services were less prepared. To date, there are no clear unitary guidelines on how IAPT services can use their pre-existing resources to respond to the long-term effects of outbreaks. In light of this, the current paper aims to reflect on the lessons learned from past outbreaks in order to consider how an enhanced remit of IAPT might integrate with other services to meet the long-term needs of patients and staff affected by COVID-19. Key learning aims (1) To understand the development of IAPT within the NHS mental health services. (2) To understand the nature of past outbreaks and COVID-19. (3) To reflect on lessons from past outbreaks in order to understand how IAPT can respond to the long-term effects of COVID-19.
Expression and Role of Epithelial Membrane Proteins in Tumorigenesis of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Purpose Studies on the expression of epithelial membrane proteins (EMPs) in breast cancer have been rare and limited. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3 in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, and investigate their clinical implications. Methods In total, 418 IDC cases were collected, and specimens were used to construct a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining of EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3 was performed and the results were analyzed in combination with the clinical data. Results EMP1 was expressed in > 90% of all IDC subtypes. A decreased expression of EMP2 and EMP3 was observed in triple-negative breast cancer. EMP3 expression was independently associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity. HER2-negative cases exhibited a decreased EMP2 expression along with a higher histological grade and an increased proliferative index. No significant difference was found in the overall survival or disease-free survival based on the EMP expression. In HER2-negative breast cancer, EMP2 expression inversely correlated with the histological grade and proliferative index. Conclusion EMP2 may be involved in the early stage of tumor development in hormone-positive breast cancer.
Functional Analysis of Rare Genetic Variants in Complement Factor I (CFI) using a Serum-Based Assay in Advanced Age-related Macular Degeneration

Purpose Factor I (FI) is a serine protease regulator of the complement system. Genetic variants in CFI are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AAMD). However, the clinical and functional impact of these variants is unknown. This study assessed the functional significance of rare CFI variants using a serum-based assay. Methods Carriers of rare variants with (n = 78) and without AAMD (n = 28), and noncarriers with (n = 49) and without AMD (n = 44) were evaluated. Function of FI was determined by measuring the proteolytic cleavage of C3b to iC3b, using the cofactor protein, Factor H. Results CFI variants were categorized into three groups based on antigenic and functional assessments. Type 1 variants (n = 18) in 35 patients with AAMD demonstrated low serum FI levels and a corresponding decrease in FI function. Type 2 variants (n = 6) in 7 individuals demonstrated normal serum FI antigenic levels but reduced degradation of C3b to iC3b. Type 3 variants (n = 15) in 64 individuals demonstrated normal antigenic levels and degradation of C3b to iC3b. However, iC3b generation was low when measured per unit of FI. Thus most rare CFI variants demonstrate either low antigenic levels (type 1) or normal levels but reduced function (types 2 or 3). Conclusions Results provide for the first time a comprehensive functional assessment in serum of CFI rare genetic variants and further establish FI's key role in the pathogenesis of AAMD. Translational Relevance Stratifying patients in the clinic with a rare CFI variant will facilitate screening and targeting patients most likely to benefit from complement therapies.
Early reading-related skills and performance, reading self-concept, and the development of academic self-concept : A longitudinal study

Relations between academic self-concept (ASC) and measures of reading-related performance and self-concept were examined in 60 beginning school children who, after 2 years of schooling, were assessed as having positive, negative, or typical ASCs. Data were collected soon after school entry, toward the end of Years 1 and 2, and during the middle of Year 3. Children with negative ASCs performed poorly on reading-related tasks and reported more negative reading self-concepts than did children with positive or typical ASCs. Reading was also highly predictive of negative and positive ASC group membership, but not of typical ASC group membership. Past studies of relations between ASC and achievement involving full-range samples of young children have underestimated the point in time when these factors become causally related to each other. The negative consequences of young children developing patterns of difficulty in learning to read are discussed.
Successful strategy for the selection of new strawberry-associated rhizobacteria antagonistic to Verticillium wilt

In order to isolate and characterize new strawberry-associated bacteria antagonistic to the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. , rhizobacterial populations from two different strawberry species, Greenish Strawberry (Fragaria viridis) and Garden Strawberry (F. × ananassa) obtained after plating onto King's B and glycerol-arginine agar, were screened for in vitro antagonism toward V. dahliae. The proportion of isolates with antifungal activity determined in in vitro assay against V. dahliae was higher for the Garden Strawberry than for the Greenish Strawberry. From 300 isolates, 20 isolates with strong antifungal activity were selected characterized by physiological profiling and molecular fingerprinting methods. Diversity among the isolates was characterized with molecular fingerprints using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and the more discriminating BOX-PCR fingerprint method. The physiological profiles were well correlated with molecular fingerprinting pattern ana.
N-body model for M51 – II. Inner structure

The spiral structure of M51 (NGC 5194) is studied by 3D N-body simulations utilizing particles, with main interest in the stellar spirals observed in near-IR within 30 arcsec of the centre of M51. A multiple-encounter tidal model for the interaction with the nearby companion (NGC 5195) is studied, capable of accounting for the main spiral structure of M51, including the morphology and kinematics of the extended H i tail. Our model of M51 consists of a self-gravitating exponential stellar disc, embedded in an analytical potential producing the observed rotation curve with the steep rise within 15–20 arcsec. When evolved in isolation, this model is stable against large-scale bar instabilities, but develops recurrent inner spiral structures inside about 50 arcsec, although these lack continuity with the weaker outer multiarm structures. The pattern speeds of the inner spirals exceed the maximum, thus lacking inner Lindblad resonance (ILR). For larger disc masses, the inner spirals tend to have an oval component. These inner spirals/ovals often show a temporary leading appearance, as a result of the reflection of wave packets from the centre. The azimuthal propagation of wave packets deviates from that of Lin–Shu waves, as they do not maintain constant pattern speeds, except near the centre. Also, the shape of spirals deviates from Lin–Shu waves, the radial distance between adjacent arms adjusting close to Toomre's critical wavelength. We show that the in situ swing amplification of the tidally induced kinematic disturbances during the highly inclined passage of the companion is limited beyond about 100 arcsec. This is a result of the low frequency of external forcing, placing the ILR of the outer disc disturbances to about this distance. However, these disturbances initiate higher frequency tidal waves which propagate inward with the group velocity. The azimuthal propagation speeds increase during the inward propagation, enabling the tidal waves to pass over the maximum, and reach within 30 arcsec, after about 500 Myr of initial perturbation. The interference between separate tidal waves leads to amplitude variations along spiral arms resembling the observed variations. Inside 30 arcsec, the tidal wave joins in many instances rather smoothly with the pre-existing central arms, giving a continuous structure much like the observed one. Simulations with different inner slopes of the rotation curve indicate that a steep rise in the rotation curve of M51 is essential for the formation of the tightly wound inner spiral arms.
Intercellular communication between bone marrow stromal cells and CD34+ haematopoietic progenitor cells is mediated by connexin 43-type gap junctions.

The existence of functional gap junctions between haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and stromal cells of the haematopoietic microenvironment in the human system is a controversial issue. Primary CD34+ HPCs isolated from leukapheresis products were co-incubated with the human fibroblastoid bone marrow stromal cell line L87/4 in short-term liquid culture. Using the highly sensitive double whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we found that the majority (91%) of CD34+ HPCs are electrically coupled to L87/4 cells. Importantly, efficient coupling was observed within 1 h of the attachment of CD34+ HPCs to plastic adherent L87/4 cells. By comparison, homologous cell pairs formed by L87/4 cells exhibited a significantly higher electric coupling. Analysis of single-channel conductances revealed an electric profile characteristic of connexin 43 (Cx43)-type gap junctions for both homologous and heterologous cell pairs. The Cx phenotype was confirmed using Cx43-specific monoclonal antibodies in a flow cytometric assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of Cx43 mRNA. Finally, the electrophysiological studies were complemented by dye-transfer experiments using the recently described ‘parachute’ technique that allows the monitoring of dye diffusion without disruption of the plasma membrane. Taken together, our data indicate that functional Cx43-type gap junctions exist between stromal cells and immature HPCs and, thus, may provide an important regulatory pathway in haematopoiesis.
Reconstructing the IRAS Point Source Catalog Redshift Survey with a generalized PIZA

ABSTRA C T We present a generalized version of the path interchange Zel’dovich approximation (PIZA), for use with realistic galaxy redshift surveys. PIZA is a linear particle-based Lagrangian method which uses the present-day positions of galaxies to reconstruct both the initial density field and the present-day peculiar velocity field. We generalize the method by mapping galaxy positions from redshift space to real space in the Local Group frame, and take the selection function into account by minimizing the mass-weighted action. We have applied our new method to mock galaxy catalogues, and find that it offers an improvement in the accuracy of reconstructions over linear theory. We have applied our method to the all-sky IRAS Point Source Catalog Redshift Survey (PSCz). Applying PIZA to PSCz, we are able to obtain the peculiar velocity field, the dipole, bulk velocities, and the distortion parameter. From the dipole, we find that ba 0:51 ^ 0:14: We compare the PSCz bulk velocity with that of the Mark III velocity survey, and conclude that ba 0:5 ^ 0:15: We compare the PSCz dipole with that of the SFI Tully Fisher Survey and find that ba 0:55 ^ 0:1: Cosmological density and velocity fields may be reconstructed using the radial velocity information from a galaxy redshift survey. To do this, assumptions must be made about the way in which the peculiar velocity field is produced, the relations between the velocity and density fields, and the relationship between galaxies and the underlying mass distribution. The reconstructed fields may then be compared with the directly measured fields, e.g. from a peculiar velocity survey, and used to place constraints on cosmological parameters. The structures seen in the Universe today formed by the growth via gravitational instability of small density perturbations present in the early Universe. The growth and evolution of these structures may be studied using methods of two types: Eulerian methods which solve the gravitational instability equations (see Peebles 1980); and Lagrangian methods which follow individual galaxy displacements. These methods may be used to deduce the velocity field from the density field and vice versa. Eulerian methods include those that use linear perturbation theory applied to the gravitational instability equations. The iterative reconstruction methods of Yahil et al. (1991), who studied the 1.2-Jy redshift survey, and Kaiser et al. (1991) and Taylor & Rowan-Robinson (1993), who studied the QDOT redshift survey, use this method to reconstruct the peculiar velocity field from galaxy redshift surveys. Branchini et al. (1999) used a similar method to reconstruct the peculiar velocity of the
N-body model for M51 — I. Multiple encounter versus single passage?

A numerical survey of the encounter history of the interacting grand-design system M51 (NGC 5194/5195) is performed with a 3D multiple spherical polar grid code, where both components of the pair are described with self-gravitating discs embedded in rigid analytical halo potentials. Two classes of models are investigated, (1) nearly parabolic single passages, and (2) bound encounters implying several disc-plane crossings. Both types of models can approximate the general morphology of the M51 system and simultaneously fit the projected velocity difference and separation of the components. In both cases the companion disc-plane crossing responsible for the main spiral structure occurred nearly in the south, about 400–500 Myr ago at a distance of 25–30 kpc, but in opposite directions. In the bound encounter model there is also a more recent crossing, at a distance of 20–25 kpc about 50–100 Myr ago. Our models account for some important kinematical observations of the M51 system not explained by the previous models. Especially, we note that the multiple-encounter model with a recent passage produces significant out-of-plane velocities, which manifest as an S-shaped structure of the major axis rotation curve, and which also explain the high peculiar velocities in the north of the companion. In this model the resulting extended tail is tilted 40°–50° with respect to the inner disc, leading to a velocity field that appears to suggest counter-rotation of the tail with respect to the inner disc. Also some morphological features, like the direction of the tidal extensions from the companion, are better matched by a model with a recent encounter. Importantly, any pre-existing spiral arms are washed out by the tidally triggered spiral arms. The multiple-encounter model assumes a high inclination orbit, with a low current eccentricity The possible origin of this type of bound orbital configuration is studied by simulations including the orbital decay via the Chandrasekhar formula for dynamical friction, and also by simulations including a self-consistently modelled live halo for the primary. The gross features of the model, including the tilted far tail, are preserved even when allowing for the effects of several earlier passages. The observed well-defined far tail seems to suggest that the previous passages have been at least 30 per cent more distant than the latest two crossings. According to our limited orbital survey, such an orbital decay can be accounted for, provided that M51 has an extended dark halo containing at least a few times the mass within the visible disc region (total
Comparison of T-cell subsets' reconstitution after 12 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiated during early versus advanced states of HIV disease.

This research comprised a pilot open prospective clinical study comparing T-cell subset reconstitution in antiretroviral-naive patients, after 12 months of HAART when treatment was initiated in early stages (ES; n = 18) of infection versus advanced stages (AS; n = 20). Control group: 10 healthy HIV-negative individuals. Immunophenotypic markers were evaluated before and after 6- and 12-months' therapy. Functional assays were performed in one subset. Results: Viral load (VL) was < 200 copies/ml in all patients. Median percentages of CD4 + pretherapy were 33% and 6%, respectively, in the ES and AS groups, increment after 12 months of therapy was + 15% and +13% respectively. Only the ES group achieved normal values. Declines of CD8 + percentage were significantly higher in the ES (-18%) than in the AS group (-2%). CD4 + memory and naive cells in the ES group were similar to those of controls before treatment and did not change after therapy. In contrast, CD4 + memory and naive cells in the AS group did not reach normal levels despite treatment. In the ES group, there was a significant increment in CD8 + naive cells (+8%) and a decrement in CD8 + CD38 + cells (-17%), both populations reached values close to normal, whereas these subsets remained far from normal in the AS group. Improvement of lymphoproliferative response after therapy was observed in both groups. One patient in the ES group showed positive LPR against p24 after treatment. After 12 months' highly active antiretroviral therapy, only those who began such therapy in ES disease reached values within the range of healthy controls. To achieve a more complete immunologic reconstitution, early initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy should be recommended.
Feeding strategy of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea relative to currents, temperature, and prey

A. Feeding strategy of mackerel in the Norwegian Sea relative to currents, temperature, prey. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73: 1127–1137. High abundance of Northeast Atlantic mackerel ( Scomber scombrus L.), combined with limited food resources, may now force mackerel to enter newand productive regionsin the northern Norwegian Sea. However,it is not knownhowmackerel exploit thespatially varying feeding resources, and their vertical distribution and swimming behaviour are also largely unknown. During an ecosystem survey in the Norwegian Sea during the summer feeding season, swimming direction, and speed of mackerel schools were recorded with high-frequencyomnidirectional sonar in four different regions relative to currents, ambient temperature, and zooplankton. A total of 251 schools were tracked, and ﬁsh and zooplankton were sampled with pelagic trawl and WP-2 plankton net. Except for the southwest region, swimming direction of the tracked schools coincided with the prevailing northerly Atlantic current direction in the Norwegian Sea. Swimming with the current saves energy, and the current also provides a directional cue towards the most productive areas in the northern Norwegian Sea. Average mean swimming speed in all regions combined was (cid:2) 3.8 body lengths 2 1 . However,ﬁshdidnotswiminastraightcourse,butoftenchangeddirection,suggestingactivefeedinginthenearﬁeld. Fish werelargestandswimmingspeedlowestinthenorthwestregionwhichhadthehighestplanktonconcentrationsandlowesttemperature.Mackerelswamclosetothesurfaceatadepthof8–39m,withallschoolsstayingabovethethermoclineinwatersofatleast6 8 C.In surfacewaters,mackerel encounter improved foraging rate and swimming performance. Going with the ﬂow until temperature is too low, based on an expectation of increasing foraging rate towards the north while utilizing available prey under way, could be a simple and robust feeding strategy for mackerel in the Norwegian Sea.
INFLUENCE OF PROBIOTIC, PREBIOTIC AND / OR YEAST SUPPLEMENTATION IN BROILER DIETS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY, IMMUNE RESPONSE AND SLAUGHTER TRAITS

A total of 630 Arbor Acres broiler chicks one-day old were used to study the effect of probiotic, prebiotic and/or yeast supplementation on the productive performance, immune response and slaughter traits. Chicks were divided randomly into 6 treatments and housed at deep litter in an open house system. Each treatment replicated 3 times (35 chicks per replicate). Treatments were as follows: T1 (control; chicks fed corn-soy basal diet) and in the other treatments diets were supplemented with 1g probiotic/kg diet as Lactobacillus acidophilus (T2), 1g yeast/kg diet as Saccharomyces cervisiae (5x10 12 CFU/g); (T3),1g prebiotic/kg diet as mannanoligosaccharide (T4), 1g probiotic+1g prebiotic/kg diet (T5) or 1g yeast+1g prebiotic/kg die (T6). Results indicated that body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were improved and mortality rate was decreased in response to dietary biological feed additives. Body weight at 42 days of age was significantly heavier by about 29.5, 21.2, 12.4, 11.3 and 9.9% than control in the T6, T5, T4, T3 and T2, respectively. Moreover, all biological additives caused a significant increment in the count of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, heterophils, H/L ratio and the antibody titer against SRBC's. Dressing, internal organs and immune organs relative weights at 42 days of age were significantly improved by using biological feed additives. For all traits, the best values were obtained in T6 followed by T5. Also, T6 gave the best relative economical efficiency (14.70% more than control group). It could be recommended from this study that supplementation the biological additives to broiler diet from 0 to 42 days of age, as above mentioned, has a positive effect on the productivity, immune response, slaughter traits and the economical efficiency.