Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Disclosure and Cost of Equity Capital of Public Listed Firms in Malaysia

Disclosure of environmental information in Malaysia is still at a minimal level due to no clear rules and regulations for sustainability reporting which lead to information asymmetry for investors. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between environmental disclosure and cost equity capital (COC) firms listed on Bursa Malaysia. The sample data were collected from the annual report and Eikon database. The regression result in this study showed environmental disclosure negative relationship with COC based on 171 firm observations in 2016. This study proved environmental disclosure reduces cost equity capital by reducing information asymmetry and firm risk. For control variables, firm size is a negative relationship with COC while leverage positive relationship with cost equity capital
Electron Heating Associated With Magnetic Reconnection in Foreshock Waves: Particle‐In‐Cell Simulation Analysis

Magnetic reconnection occurs in turbulent plasmas like shock transition regions, while its role in energy dissipation therein is not yet clear. We perform a 2D particle‐in‐cell simulation of foreshock waves and study electron heating associated with reconnection. The probability distribution of Te exhibits a shift to higher values near reconnection X‐lines compared to elsewhere. By examining the Te evolution using the superposed epoch analysis, we find that Te is higher in reconnection than in non‐reconnecting current sheets, and Te increases over the ion cyclotron time scale. The heating rate of Te is 10%–40% miVA2, where VA is the average ion Alfvén speed in reconnection regions, which demonstrates the importance of reconnection in heating electrons. We further investigate the bulk electron energization mechanisms by decomposing je · E under guiding center approximations. Around the reconnection onset, E|| dominates the total energization partly contributed by electron holes, and the perpendicular energization is dominated by the magnetization term associated with the gyro‐motion in inhomogeneous fields. The Fermi mechanism contributes negative energization at early time mainly due to Hall effects, and later the outflow in the reconnection plane contributes more dominant positive values. After a couple of ion cyclotron periods from reconnection onset, the Fermi mechanism dominates the energization. A critical factor for initiating reconnection is to drive current sheets to the de‐scale thickness. The reconnection structures can be complicated due to flows originated from the ion‐scale waves, and interactions between multiple reconnection sites. Visualizing such complicated features in simulations may assist future analysis of observation data.
Optimal Management of Nitrogen Fertilization in some Yield Traits of Corn Plant in Gypsum Soil

A field experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Tikrit during the autumn season for the year (2022) to find out the effect of nitrogen fertilizer fractionation on the growth of corn in gypsum soil.Where the experiment included three factors, the first factor, five dates for nitrogen fertilizer fractionation, symbolized by the letter T (T1, the first appointment / half of the quantity at planting and the other half after (30) days of planting, and T2, the second appointment / one-third of the quantity at planting and two-thirds after (30) days of cultivation and T3 third date / one-third of the quantity at planting and one-third after (30) days of cultivation and a third after the passage of (60) days of cultivation and T4 the fourth date / one-fifth of the quantity when planting, fifty-five after the passage of (30) days of cultivation and fifty after the passage of (60) days of cultivation and T5 the fifth date / two-fifths at planting and fifty after a month of cultivation and one-fifth of the quantity After the passage of (60) of cultivation. The second factor is two levels of nitrogen fertilizer, denoted by the symbol N, namely (N1) (320) kg N ha-1 and (2N) (360) kg N ha-1. The third factor is Adding method, denoted by the symbol M, the BroadcastingM1 method) and the Bands(M2) method. All the results showed that the retail treatment of the fourth appointment, T4, excelled in all traits, and the second level, N2 (360) kg N ha-1, gave the highest significant difference in all traits, and the addition of the second method, M2 (Bands method), also gave excelled in all studied traits.The results showed that the treatment T4N2M2 gave the highest values in the studied traits (the number of rows per ear, the number of grains per ear, the weight of 500 grains, and the total grain yield), as it reached (18.01) row cob-1, (739) grain cob-1, (163.01) gm, and (14.08)) ton ha-1, respectively.
Fault zone reverberations from cross-correlations of earthquake waveforms and seismic noise

SUMMARY Seismic waveﬁelds interact with low-velocity fault damage zones. Waveforms of ballistic fault zone head waves, trapped waves, reﬂected waves and signatures of trapped noise can provide important information on structural and mechanical fault zone properties. Here we extend the class of observable fault zone waves and reconstruct in-fault reverberations or multiples in a strike-slip faulting environment. Manifestations of the reverberations are signiﬁcant, consistent wave fronts in the coda of cross-correlation functions that are obtained from scattered earthquake waveforms and seismic noise recorded by a linear fault zone array. The physical reconstruction of Green’s functions is evident from the high similarity between the signals obtained from the two different scattered waveﬁelds. Modal partitioning of the reverberation waveﬁeld can be tuned using different data normalization techniques. The results imply that fault zones create their own ambiance, and that the here reconstructed reverberations are a key seismic signature of wear zones. Using synthetic waveform modelling we show that reverberations can be used for the imaging of structural units by estimating the location, extend and magnitude of lateral velocity contrasts. The robust reconstruction of the reverberations from noise records suggests the possibility to resolve the response of the damage zone material to various external and internal loading mechanisms.
Diversity of Viruses in Ixodes ricinus in Europe including Novel and Potential Arboviruses

Tick-borne pathogens are responsible for many vector-borne diseases in Europe, causing important problems for human and animal health. The composition of viral communities in ticks and their interactions with pathogens is little understood, especially in Eastern Europe, an area that represents a major hub for animal-arthropod vectors exchanges. In this study, we used metatranscriptomics to characterize the virome of 2,753 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from France and Romania, focusing on viruses that could potentially have implications for human or animal health. Among the great viral diversity of viruses identified, we reported a novel strain of Tribec virus, an important human pathogen that was found in Romanian ticks. We detected viruses belonging to the Phenuiviridae and Nairoviridae families close to human and animal pathogens, suggesting that these viruses could constitute novel arboviruses. We used luciferase immunoprecipitation system targeting external viral proteins of viruses identified among the Sedoreoviridae, Phenuiviridae, and Nairoviridae families to screen serum samples from small ruminants’ exposed to tick bites. The results suggest that part (approximately 12%, 95% CI 9.1–16.2) of the small ruminant population from Danube Delta, was exposed to viruses related to bi- or tri-segmented nairoviruses, but cross-reactive viruses could not be confirmed with certainly. The strategy developed in this study serves as a key step in predicting potential new disease outbreaks and can be readily adapted to study other reservoirs, vectors, and interfaces involving susceptible hosts.
Heavy elements in planetary nebulae: A theorist's gold mine

Abstract Observations of planetary nebulae have revealed a wealth of information about the composition of heavy elements synthesized by the slow neutron capture process (the s process). In some of these nebulae the abundances of neutron-capture elements are enriched by factors of 10 to 30 times the solar value, indicating that these elements were produced in the progenitor star while it was on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). In this proceedings we summarize results of our recent full s-process network predictions covering a wide range of progenitor masses and metallicities. We compare our model predictions to observations and show how this can provide important insights into nucleosynthesis processes occurring deep within AGB stars.
Gender differences in self-employment characteristics in post-apartheid South Africa : a detailed analysis of the self-employed.

This study investigates gender differences in South African self-employment, focusing particularly on earnings differences. The study identifies a large earnings gap in favour of men in self-employment, and it explores how the determinants of female and male returns to self-employment differ. Using a combination of descriptive and econometric methods and data from the Labour Force Surveys for 2001-2007, I find that female self-employment is more likely than male selfemployment to exhibit characteristics that are associated with low returns. The female self-employed tend to work part-time, be home-based, have own account enterprises and work in unskilled occupations in the informal sector. The data also suggest the presence of gender discrimination among the self-employed which may be the result of consumer discrimination and discrimination in access to credit or product markets. Focusing on the non-agricultural informal sector, I construct a more detailed gendered profile of the self-employed using a household survey from October 2005, namely the Survey of Employers and the Self-Employed. This survey captures a wealth of information on the self-employed and their businesses which is not available in the Labour Force Survey data. The analysis reveals that, in comparison to men, women are more likely to enter self-employment out of necessity, spend less starting a business, have poorer access to transport and report lower overheads. In light of the key constraints identified particularly by women in self-employment, the analysis suggests that assistance with marketing, better access to raw materials/supplies, provision of an alternative location, and better access to credit markets would help improve the profitability of their businesses.
Consolidation thermique par chaleur d'un sol non saturé

The thermal consolidation by heating of an unsaturated silty soil is studied by means of six tests performed in a thermal triaxial apparatus. The results show the importance of the temperature parameter and a clear similarity with the classical consolidation tests on saturated soils. A constitutive law is proposed for the thermal consolidation by heat that allows the definition of indices of thermal compression. This law is used to calculate the displacements in an unsaturated fill for heat storing. Key words: unsaturated soil, consolidation, heat, triaxial, modelling. [Translated by the Journal]
A comparison of four-year-old regeneration following six silvicultural treatments in a wet eucalypt forest in southern Tasmania.

The Arve 031 Community Demonstration Forest was established as part of the Southern Forests Community Research Project during the period 1991–93. Its establishment was a response to community concerns regarding the effects of clearfelling and high intensity slash-burning on rainforest tree regeneration, and thus special species timber production, in southern wet forests. Six silvicultural treatments were trialled along two continuums: (1) increasing overwood retention, from clearfell to oldgrowth retention to shelterwood to single-tree selection; and (2) decreasing gap size, from clearfell to large gap (0.7 ha) to small gap (0.25 ha) to single-tree selection. Measurements were undertaken for this study during the period 1995–97. Regeneration of Eucalyptus regnans and various rainforest tree species were compared between treatments. All treatments were stocked with eucalypt regeneration at age four years. However, seedling density and height decreased along the two treatment continuums and was largely attributed to the suppressive effects of increased retained overwood and edge effects. This is expected to impact on later timber volume yields. In contrast, the density of rainforest tree regeneration increased along the two treatment
Circulating total 25(OH)D and calculated free 25(OH)D in professional academy footballers at a northerly latitude in the UK

There is limited data on the vitamin D status of UK-based professional academy footballers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D and free 1, 25(OH)2D at the end of the winter (March) and summer periods (October) in a cohort (n = 27) of professional academy footballers in northern England. Blood samples were collected to measure total 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D binding protein, albumin and calcium. Free 25(OH)D and 1, 25(OH)2D were calculated. Dietary vitamin D intake and retrospective summer sunlight exposure were also collected. At the end of winter, 2/27 (7.4%) players were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l) and 11/27 (40.7%) were insufficient (25(OH)D > 30 nmol/l < 50 nmol/l). By the end of summer, none were deficient but 3/14 (21.4%) were still insufficient. Median total 25(OH)D (82.2 nmol/l [IQR: 50.3–90.2] vs. 54.2 nmol/l [IQR: 36.8–71.9]; P = .02), free 25(OH)D (25.8 pmol/l [IQR: 15.1–33.1] vs. 13.2 pmol/l [IQR: 9.0–14.9]; P = .005) and free 1, 25(OH)2D (389 fmol/l [IQR: 209–594] vs. 212 fmol/l [IQR: 108–278]; P = .034) were significantly higher at the end of summer than the end of winter. At the end of winter, free 25(OH)D was lower (P = .003) in those vitamin D insufficient (8.8 pmol/l [IQR: 5.5–11.8]) vs. sufficient (13.7 pmol/l [IQR: 12.0–17.0]). There was a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency at the end of the winter. Free 25(OH)D was also lower at the winter timepoint and in players that were insufficient vs. sufficient.
Thanking Expression Used By The Characters In The Luca Movie (A Pragmatic Analysis)

This study seeks to explain the type of thank-you expression categories and establish the strategy of thank-you expression employed by the character in the movie Luca. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative. This study used English utterances with thanking expressions as data. The data was documented. Types of thanking expressions were evaluated using Hymes (1972), and strategies of thanking expression were analyzed using Aijmer (1996). In this research, eight types of thank-you expressions were found. The study indicated that 33% of participants acknowledged a major favor, 17% acknowledged a favor, and 11% dismissed a service, ended the conversation, and used irony, sarcasm, or bluntness. 6% of data reveals thanking someone, making them feel good, and negative requests. Moreover, there are four strategies for saying thank you expressions. The data revealed 67% of the data shows thanking somebody explicitly, 17% stressing one's gratitude, 11% showing appreciation of the act, and 6% showing emotion.
PLEISTOCENE FAUNA DEPICTIONS IN AMERICAN PALAEOART

The numerous published claims concerning the depiction in North American rock art and portable palaeoart of Pleistocene animal species, and in some cases even of Mesozoic species, are examined. Such proposals have appeared since the 19th century and have involved petroglyphs, pictograms and mobiliary art. Patterns in the consideration of the evidence presented in their support are analysed and the rationales underpinning these various claims are examined in an attempt to explain their apparent foundations. This review yields no credible evidence for the depiction of extinct fauna in the United States or any other parts of the Americas.
High-resolution turbofan intake flow characterization by automated stereoscopic-PIV in an industrial wind tunnel environment

Unsteady inlet flow distortion can influence the stability and performance of any propulsion system, in particular for more novel, short and slim intakes of future aero-engine configurations. As such, the requirement for measurement methods able to provide high spatial resolution data is important to aid the understanding of these flow fields. This work presents flow field characterisations at a crossflow plane within a short aeroengine intake using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV). A series of tests were conducted across a range of crosswind and high angle of attack conditions for a representative short and slim aspirated intake configuration at two operating points in terms of mass flow rate. The velocity maps were measured at a crossflow plane within the intake at an axial position L/D = 0.058 from where a fan is expected to be installed. The diameter of the measurement plane was 250 mm, and the final spatial resolution of the velocity fields had a vector pitch of 1.5 mm which is at least two orders of magnitude richer than conventional pressure-based distortion measurements. The work demonstrates the ability to perform robust non-intrusive flow measurements within modern intake systems in an industrial wind tunnel environment across a wide range of operating conditions; hence, it is suggested that SPIV can potentially become part of standard industrial testing. The results provide rich datasets that can notably improve our understanding of unsteady distortions and influence the design of novel, closely coupled engine-intake systems.
Frequent but Predictable Droughts in East Africa Driven by a Walker Circulation Intensification

During and after recent La Niña events, the decline of the eastern East African (EA) March‐April‐May (MAM) rains has set the stage for life‐threatening sequential October‐November‐December (OND) and MAM droughts. The MAM 2022 drought was the driest on record, preceded by three poor rainy seasons, and followed by widespread starvation. Connecting these dry seasons is an interaction between La Niña and climate change. This interaction provides important opportunities for long‐lead prediction and proactive disaster risk management, but needs exploration. Here, for the first time, we use observations, reanalyses, and climate change simulations to show that post‐1997 OND La Niña events are robust precursors of: (a) strong MAM “Western V sea surface temperature Gradients” in the Pacific, which (b) help produce large increases in moisture convergence and atmospheric heating near Indonesia, which in turn produce (c) regional shifts in moisture transports and vertical velocities, which (d) help explain the increased frequency of dry EA MAM rainy seasons. We also show that, at 20‐year time scales, increases in atmospheric heating in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool region are attributable to warming Western V SST, which is in turn largely attributable to climate change. As energy builds up in the oceans and atmosphere, during and after La Niña events, we see stronger heating and heat convergence over warm tropical waters near Indonesia. The result of this causal chain is that increased Warm Pool atmospheric heating and moisture convergence sets the stage for dangerous sequential droughts in EA. These factors link EA drying to a stronger Walker Circulation and explain the predictable risks associated with recent La Niña events.
Labor Market Stability and Fertility Decisions

This paper studies how fertility decisions respond to an improvement in job stability using variation from the large and unexpected regularization of undocumented immigrants in Spain implemented during the first half of 2005. This policy change improved substantially the labor market opportunities of affected men and women, many of which left the informality of house keeping service sectors toward more formal, stable, and higher paying jobs in larger firms (Elias et al., 2023). In this paper, we estimate the effects of the regularization on fertility rates using two alternative difference-in-differences strategies that compare fertility behavior of “eligible” and “non-eligible” candidate women to obtain the legal status, both on aggregate and at the local level. Our findings suggests that gaining work permits leads to a significant increase in women fertility. Our preferred estimates indicate that the regularization increased fertility rates among affected women by around 5 points, which is a 10 percent increase.
Diferencias en el autoconcepto de adolescentes extremeños en función del género, el nivel socioeconómico-cultural y la población de pertenencia

espanolLa investigacion llevada a cabo persiguio realizar un estudio sobre autoconcepto en la adolescencia temprana, teniendo en cuenta variables como el sexo, el nivel socioeconomico, o la poblacion de procedencia de la muestra. Para ello se utilizo Escala de Evaluacion de Autoconcepto para Ninos de Piers-Harris (Piers, 1984) la cual se le administro a una muestra de 250 alumnos que cursaban el primer ano de la Ensenanza Secundaria Obligatoria de Extremadura. Los resultados demostraron que el genero mantenia una relacion con el autoconcepto de los adolescentes mientras que las otras variables no obtuvieron relaciones significativas con el objeto de estudio. EnglishThe research that we carried out was about the self-concept in early adolescence, taking into account variables such as the sex, the socioeconomic status, or the origin population of the sample. For that, we used the Self-Concept Evaluation Rating Scale for Children by Piers-Harris (Piers,1984) which was administered to a sample of 250 students who were in the first year of ESO (Secundary Education). The results showed that the gender had a relationship with the adolescents’ self-conceptwhile the other variables were not significant with the object of study.
Biomass Accumulation and Carbon Sequestration in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb

Carbon management is a serious concern confronting the world today. The significance of role of biomass of tree species in carbon sequestration has long been recognized, but very little attempts have been made to estimate the biomass accumulation and their contribution for sequestration of carbon, especially in mined out areas. Carbon sequestration rates vary by tree species, soil type, regional climate, and topography and management practice. In the present paper, attempts were made to work out biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration by Dalbergia sissoo raised on coal mine overburden of Singrauli, M.P adopting non harvest technique. Over burden plantations of different years raised at different project sites of NCL Singrauli were taken for estimating the standing volumes and consequently biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration at different diameter and height of trees. The growth data was collected for 248 trees (above 4 cm DBH) covering the over burden plantations of Amlohri, Nigahi, Bina, Kakari and Khadia Open Cast Projects (OCP). The age of plantation varied from 2 to 19 years. The trees were selected in plantations of all available ages representing different diameters and height. The correlation between basal area vs volume, DBH vs volume and basal area vs total biomass was found to be significant. On the basis of results obtained, the Dalbergia sissoo proved as an efficient species pertaining to biomass and carbon accumulation, owing to high energy conversion efficiency.