Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise capacity in people with Parkinson’s disease: which clinical characteristics are important?

ABSTRACT Background People with Parkinson’s (PwP) are suffering from reduced exercise capacity. However, little information is known about clinical correlates of exercise capacity in this population Objective This study aimed to evaluate correlations between motor and non-motor symptoms with exercise capacity in PwP. Methods A total of 50 individuals with Parkinson’s disease participated in the study. Exercise capacity was measured by 6 minutes’ walk test (6MWT). Besides, the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-Part III used to evaluate disease motor severity, Berg Balance Scale to assess balance, Montréal Cognitive Assessment to evaluate cognitive status, hospital anxiety and depression scale to assess depression and anxiety, Modified Fatigue Impact scale to evaluate fatigue, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to evaluate sleep quality. Results The results showed that exercise capacity, when measured by the 6MWT, can be significantly predicted by balance, disease motor severity, anxiety, and age (R2 = 0.61 P < .0001). Conclusion These results suggest that exercise capacity in PwP is multifactorial and can potentially be predicted by balance, motor severity, anxiety, and age.
Medication errors in inquiries to the Poison Information Center Erfurt — a systematic analysis

Abstract Introduction Poison Information Centers (PICs) fulfil the legal mandate to provide advice and answer inquiries from healthcare professionals and medical nonprofessionals on measures to be taken in the event of an intoxication. Medication errors might be a frequent cause of intoxication. However, hardly any data on medication errors are available from PICs. Aim We aimed to investigate the incoming inquiries of a PIC with regard to medication errors. Methods In the PIC database, we identified and analyzed medication errors in a retrospective analysis of inquiries from 2013 to 2020. We distinguished between medication errors committed by (i) laypersons or by healthcare professionals in (iia) medical care facilities or (iib) home care facilities. We evaluated the estimated potential risk of toxicity to assess the potential harm to the patient. Results From 152,149 inquiries in total, 43.5% (n = 66,229) dealt with drug exposures. We identified medication error in 19.1% (n = 12,619) of those inquiries. Of those medication errors, 80.1% (n = 10,113) were committed by (i) laypersons and 19.9% (n = 2506) were committed by healthcare professionals, with nearly equal proportions occurring in medical care and in home care [(iia) 49.6% and (iib) 50.4%, respectively]. A total of 18,718 drugs were involved, with most medication errors found for ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and levothyroxine. The medication errors led to a minor estimated risk of toxicity in 46.6% (5,877/12,619); moderate and severe risk occurred in 7.0% (886/12,619) and 2.6% (329/12,619), respectively. Medication errors caused by laypersons or healthcare professionals in home care were associated with a lower risk compared to those caused by healthcare professionals in medical care (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study identified medication errors that were committed mainly by laypersons in almost 80% of the medication inquiries to a PIC. Medication errors caused by healthcare professionals in medical care led to a higher risk of harm to the patients.
The role of the eye region for familiar face recognition: Evidence from spatial low-pass filtering and contrast negation

What information is used for familiar face recognition? While previous research suggests a particular importance of the eye region, information from the rest of the face also needs to be integrated. What type of information is used in conjunction with the eyes is largely unclear. In three experiments, participants were asked to recognise so-called face chimeras, in which the eye region was not manipulated, while the rest of the face was either presented in negative contrast (contrast chimeras) or low-pass filtered (blur chimeras). We show (1) that both chimeras are recognised substantially better than fully blurred faces, (2) that the recognition advantage for blur chimeras is specific to the eye region but cannot be explained by cues available in this part of the face alone, and (3) that a combination of negative contrast and blurring outside of the eye region eliminates the chimera advantage. We conclude that full-frequency but distorted surface reflectance cues (in contrast chimeras) or coarse shape information (in blur chimeras) can be used in combination with the eye region for effective face recognition. Our findings further suggest that the face recognition system can flexibly use both types of information, depending on availability.
Why do people share memories online? An examination of the motives and characteristics of social media users

ABSTRACT Social media has become one of the most powerful and ubiquitous means by which individuals curate and share their life stories with the world at large. Not surprisingly then, researchers have started to examine the reasons why individuals post personal memories on social media and said individuals’ characteristics. Across two studies, we extended this line of research by further testing the Purposes of Online Memory Sharing Scale (POMSS) and its subscales: self, social, therapeutic and directive. Additionally, we examined which of these motives led college students (Study 1) and adults of a community sample (Study 2) to post personal memories on social media and whether said motives were associated with the individuals’ psychological characteristics. Overall, the results revealed that emerging adults and older adults posted personal experiences on social media primarily for social reasons. We also found that extraversion, disclosure and social media usage predicted each of the motives for posting personal experiences on social media. In addition, individuals who were more lonely and who had lower self-esteem were more likely to post personal experiences on social media for therapeutic reasons. We discuss these results in terms of their implications towards understanding the mnemonic consequences associated with social media use.
Anatomical and Technical Considerations of Robot-Assisted Cervical Pedicle Screw Placement: A Cadaveric Study

Study Design Cadaver study. Objectives Assess the feasibility of robot-assisted cervical pedicle screw (RA-CPS) placement and understand the anatomical considerations of this technique. Methods Four cadaver specimens free from bony pathology were acquired. Anatomical considerations, such as pedicle width (PW) and height (PH), transverse pedicle angle (TPA), and maximal screw length (MSL), were recorded from preoperative computational tomography (CT) scans. Intraoperative cone-beam CT was acquired and registered to the robotic system. After cervical levels were segmented, screw sizes and trajectories were planned, and RA-CPS were placed. Accuracy was assessed using Gertzbein and Robbin’s classification on postoperative CT scans. Results Thirty-five RA-CPS were placed. Major breaches (≥Grade C) occurred in 28.57% screws. Grade A or B accuracy was found in 71.43% of screws, with the most common direction of breach being medial (81.3%). The greatest proportion of breach per level occurred in the upper subaxial levels, (C3:71.4%, C4 66.6%, C5:50%) which had the smallest PW (C3: 4.34 ± .96 mm, C4: 4.48 ± .60, C5: 5.76 ± 1.11). PH was greatest at C2 (8.14 ± 1.89 mm) and ranged subaxial from 6.36 mm (C3) to 7.48 mm (C7). The mean PW was 5.37 mm and increased caudally from 4.34 mm (C3) to 6.31 mm (C7). The mean TPA was 39.9° and decreased moving caudally 46.9°) to C7 (34.4°). The MSL was 37.1 mm and increased from C2 (26.3 mm) to C7 (41.0 mm). Conclusion RA-CPS has the potential to be feasible, but technological and instrument modifications are necessary to increase the accuracy in the cervical region.
Effects of Client-Centered Occupational Therapy on Behavioral Psychological Symptoms, Social Interaction, Occupational Performance, Quality of Life, and Caregiver Burden among the Individuals with Dementia

Abstract This study aimed to verify the effects of client-centered occupational therapy on individuals with dementia. Twenty participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (client-centered occupational therapy) and a control group (general occupational therapy). A pretest, post-test, and follow-up tests were used to compare the effects of the intervention. The experimental group had significant changes in all variables, and the control group showed significant differences in verbal social interaction, quality of life, and burden of caregivers (p < 0.05). As a result of repeated measurement variance analysis, it was found that there was a significant effect within the group except for the NPI-Q distress items (p < 0.05), but the effect was not verified in all areas between the groups. Client-centered customized occupational therapy can be more effective than general occupational therapy in problem behavior, social interaction, quality of life, caregiver burden, and occupational performance of individuals with dementia.
Is the proteomic composition of the salivary pellicle dependent on the substrate material?

The use of dental restorative materials is a routine task in clinical dentistry. Upon exposure to the oral cavity, continuous adsorption of salivary proteins and other macromolecules to all surfaces occurs, representing the first step in dental biofilm formation. Different physico‐chemical properties of substrate materials potentially influence the composition of the initial biofilm, termed pellicle. This study aimed at characterizing and comparing the individual proteomic composition of the 3‐min pellicle formed on bovine enamel and six restorative materials.
Patient Characteristics Associated With Phone Versus Video Telemedicine Visits for Substance Use Treatment during COVID-19

Objectives Although video visits may offer some benefits over the telephone, not all patients may be equipped to access video telemedicine, raising questions surrounding access disparities. The aim of this study is to examine patient characteristics associated with the use of phone versus video-enabled tele-medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) during COVID-19. Methods This study uses data from a nonurban integrated substance use disorder treatment site in New York to examine patient characteristics associated with the modality of tele-MOUD care. The provider did not offer in-person care. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between patient’s primary mode of tele-MOUD and patient demographic characteristics. Additional analysis of new patient inductions examined associations between mode of tele-MOUD induction and 30-day follow-up receipt. Results Of the 4557 tele-MOUD encounters, 76.92% were video and 23.08% were telephone visits. Older patients had significantly higher odds of primarily using telephone (odds ratio [OR]: 0.580; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.045, 1.115). Patients with higher education (OR: –0.791; 95% CI: –1.418, –0.168), recent overdose (OR: –0.40; 95% CI: –0.793, –0.010), and new patients (OR: 0.484; 95% CI: –0.945, 0.023) were significantly less likely to rely on telephone. Of 336 new patient initiations, 31 were conducted by telephone while 305 were conducted through video. The mode of new patient initiation was not associated with a follow-up visit within 30 days of initiation. Conclusions Telemedicine may increase access to MOUD, though certain patients may rely on different forms of telemedicine. Attention must be paid to policies that promote equitable access to both video and telephone tele-MOUD visits.
A Review of Mucinous Cystic and Intraductal Neoplasms of the Pancreatobiliary Tract.

CONTEXT. — Although most pancreatic and bile duct neoplasms are solid, mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal neoplasms have been increasingly recognized even when clinically silent, thanks to the increased use of sensitive imaging techniques. Cystic and intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas are often resectable and curable and constitute about 5% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Owing to their preinvasive nature and different biology, recognition of these entities remains a major priority. Mucinous cystic neoplasms are histologically and clinically distinct from other cystic pancreatic neoplasms. Pancreatic intraductal neoplasms encompass 3 major entities: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm, and intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm. Intraductal papillary neoplasms of bile ducts are also preinvasive mass-forming neoplasms with both similarities and differences with their pancreatic counterparts. All of these pancreatobiliary neoplasms have diverse and distinctive clinicopathologic, genetic, and prognostic variations. OBJECTIVE. — To review the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of mucinous cystic and intraductal neoplasms of the pancreatobiliary tract. DATA SOURCES. — Literature review, diagnostic manuals, and guidelines. CONCLUSIONS. — This review will briefly describe well-known clinical and pathologic features and will focus on selected recently described aspects of morphology, grading, classification, and genomic alterations of cystic and intraductal neoplasms of the pancreatobiliary tract.
Individual Differences in Multisensory Processing Are Related to Broad Differences in the Balance of Local versus Distributed Information

Abstract The brain's ability to extract information from multiple sensory channels is crucial to perception and effective engagement with the environment, but the individual differences observed in multisensory processing lack mechanistic explanation. We hypothesized that, from the perspective of information theory, individuals with more effective multisensory processing will exhibit a higher degree of shared information among distributed neural populations while engaged in a multisensory task, representing more effective coordination of information among regions. To investigate this, healthy young adults completed an audiovisual simultaneity judgment task to measure their temporal binding window (TBW), which quantifies the ability to distinguish fine discrepancies in timing between auditory and visual stimuli. EEG was then recorded during a second run of the simultaneity judgment task, and partial least squares was used to relate individual differences in the TBW width to source-localized EEG measures of local entropy and mutual information, indexing local and distributed processing of information, respectively. The narrowness of the TBW, reflecting more effective multisensory processing, was related to a broad pattern of higher mutual information and lower local entropy at multiple timescales. Furthermore, a small group of temporal and frontal cortical regions, including those previously implicated in multisensory integration and response selection, respectively, played a prominent role in this pattern. Overall, these findings suggest that individual differences in multisensory processing are related to widespread individual differences in the balance of distributed versus local information processing among a large subset of brain regions, with more distributed information being associated with more effective multisensory processing. The balance of distributed versus local information processing may therefore be a useful measure for exploring individual differences in multisensory processing, its relationship to higher cognitive traits, and its disruption in neurodevelopmental disorders and clinical conditions.
Challenging behaviour in students with intellectual disabilities: the role of individual and classmates' communication skills

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at increased risk of developing challenging behaviour. Challenging behaviour may be partially explained by low individual communicative competences. However, communication involves at least two partners, thus outcomes may also vary according to each interaction partners' abilities. We therefore investigated the degree to which the interplay between individual and classmates' communication skills predicts changes in challenging behaviour among students with ID. Methods This study used a longitudinal design with two measurement points across one school year. Challenging behaviour and communication skills were measured by teacher reports in 1125 students with ID attending special needs schools. Applying a multilevel approach, we investigated (1) whether higher individual communication skills at the first measurement were related to a subsequent decrease in challenging behaviour and (2) whether this effect was moderated by classmates' levels of communication skills. In addition, we examined (3) if classroom communication skills were indirectly related to a decrease in challenging behaviour by influencing individual communicative abilities. Results Higher individual communication skills at the first measurement were significantly related to a decrease in general challenging behaviour over the school year. This effect was not moderated by classroom‐level communication skills. However, classmates' communication skills exerted an indirect influence by enhancing individual communicative abilities. Further analyses suggested classroom contextual effects related to a decrease in several sub‐domains of challenging behaviour. Conclusions The study results suggest that both individual communicative competences and those of the classroom context are relevant to understanding challenging behaviour development in ID. Perspectives for counteracting such behaviour in light of the present findings are discussed.
Battery Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles: An Optimal Control Approach

The main goal of the current investigation is to evaluate the potential of the optimal control techniques to improve the quality of battery thermal management (BTM) in electric vehicles (EVs). The BTM is of profound importance in EVs, where battery is the sole power source and any unexpected change in the battery temperature could dramatically affect the vehicle performance and its driving range. As a result, the battery temperature should be maintained within a specific range to lead to the best vehicle performance. Despite the obvious importance of this issue, there exist rare reports in the literature addressing the design of optimal controllers for BTM of EVs. Here, the authors intend to apply and compare two controllers to solve this problem for an EV: an optimal controller designed upon dynamic programming (DP) and a proportional integral-derivative (PID) controller. The results indicate that by using DP, a less amount of the battery power will be demanded, and therefore, the vehicle’s driving range can be increased.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Simulating denial increases false memory rates for abuse unrelated information

Abstract Victims of abuse might deny their traumatic experiences. We studied mnemonic effects of simulating false denial of a child sexual abuse narrative. Participants (N = 127) read and empathized with the main character of this narrative. Next, half were instructed to falsely deny abuse‐related information while others responded honestly in an interview. One week later, participants received misinformation for the narrative and interview. In a final source memory task, participants' memory for the narrative and interview was tested. Participants who falsely denied abuse‐related information endorsed more abuse‐unrelated misinformation about the event than honest participants. Abuse‐related false memory rates did not statistically differ between the groups, and false denials were not related to omission errors about (1) the interview and (2) narrative. Hence, victim's memory for abuse‐related information related to their experience might not be affected by a false denial, and inconsistencies surrounding the abuse‐unrelated information are more likely to take place.
Oral Zoledronic acid bisphosphonate for the treatment of chronic low back pain with associated Modic changes: A pilot randomized controlled trial

To assess the safety and efficacy of oral 50 mg Zoledronic acid (ZA) bisphosphate once‐a‐week for 6‐weeks to placebo among patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) and Modic changes (MC) on MRI. A parallel, double‐blinded randomized controlled study was performed at a single center, consisted of 25 subjects with cLBP and MC that received ZA (n = 13) or placebo (n = 12). Evaluation was at baseline, 2‐weeks, 4‐weeks, 3‐months and 6‐months for assessment of LBP/leg pain intensity, disability (Oswestry‐Disability‐Index: ODI), health‐related quality‐of‐life (RAND‐36), and mental component summary scores (MCS). Type 2 MC at baseline (56%) were prevalent. In the ZA group, LBP intensity was lower at 4‐weeks in comparison to placebo (5.1 ± 1.9 vs. 6.9 ± 1.8, p = 0.038) (minimal clinically important difference [MCID] = 1.5). LBP intensity reduced at 4‐weeks and 3‐months in the ZA‐treated group in comparison to baseline. Although there was no difference in ODI, subscale RAND‐36 metrics for physical function (p = 0.038), energy/fatigue (p = 0.040) and pain (p = 0.003) were improved at 3‐months compared to placebo, with moderate significant difference for pain at 6‐months (p = 0.051). Correlated MCS scores to baseline also improved at 3‐months (p = 0.035) and 6‐months (p = 0.028) by 6.9 and 6.8, respectively, (MCID = 3.8). A reduction in MC endplate affected area at 6‐month follow‐up was noted in the ZA group (−0.67 ± 0.69 cm2), while in the placebo group no change in size was observed (0.0 ± 0.15; p = 0.041). Three subjects withdrew from the study and no long‐lasting adverse events. Oral ZA was a safe and effective treatment that reduced MC volume, improved LBP symptoms and quality‐of‐life measures in cLBP subjects with MCs.
Egg incubation temperature influences the population‐specific outmigration rate of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta

Abstract The present experiment tested if temperature during embryogenesis and parental heritage affected the migratory behaviour of young brown trout Salmo trutta. Two parental forms were used, a freshwater resident form and an anadromous form, both from the same river system but geographically isolated since 1993–95. Four groups of young S. trutta were produced and reared from (a) freshwater resident parents spawning in a tributary to the River Imsa, Norway, (b) anadromous parents spawning in the main stem of the same river system, (c) resident male × anadromous female parents and (d) resident female × anadromous male parents. The eggs were incubated until first exogenous feeding in River Imsa water, either unheated or heated c. 2.7°C above ambient temperature. Thereafter, all fish experienced the same ambient river temperature until release. Groups were released below an impassable waterfall 900 m upstream of the mouth of the River Imsa, either as age‐0 in October 2019 or as age‐1 in May 2020. About 7.5% of the released fish moved downstream and were captured in a trap at the outlet. For any given body size, the proportion of warm incubated trout that moved downstream was greater than the proportion of cold incubated trout. It was also found that most emigrants of the October‐released S. trutta were caught within a month of release. Also, most May‐released S. trutta emigrated in October. The offspring of the freshwater resident parents emigrated to a larger extent than offspring of anadromous parents. Thus, the difference in emigration with regard to embryonic temperature was phenotypically plastic and may be associated with an epigenetic effect of the thermal conditions during early development. The effect of parental origin suggests there may be genetic divergence between the geographically isolated populations.