Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blowing Bubbles

The forecasts of individual investors, surveyed by Gallup/PaineWebber, imply that they believed that the market was in a bubble in the late 1990s and expected the bubble to continue to inflate; many investors thought that the stock market was overvalued in the late 1990s but many also thought that it was a good time to invest. The forecasts of institutional investors, surveyed by Business Week, imply that they too believed that the market was in a bubble in the late 1990s, but they expected the bubble to burst. Institutional investors were bearish in the late 1990s, but turned bullish after the stock market decline of 2000, while individual investors turned bearish.
Vertically resolved aerosol properties by multi-wavelength lidar measurements

Abstract. An approach based on the graphical method of Gobbi and co-authors (2007) is introduced to estimate the dependence on altitude of the aerosol fine mode radius (Rf) and of the fine mode contribution (η) to the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from three-wavelength lidar measurements. The graphical method of Gobbi and co-authors (2007) was applied to AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) spectral extinction observations and relies on the combined analysis of the Angstrom exponent (a) and its spectral curvature Δa. Lidar measurements at 355, 532 and 1064 nm were used in this study to retrieve the vertical profiles of a and Δa and to estimate the dependence on altitude of Rf and η(532 nm) from the a–Δa combined analysis. Lidar measurements were performed at the Department of Mathematics and Physics of the Universita' del Salento, in south-eastern Italy. Aerosol from continental Europe, the Atlantic, northern Africa, and the Mediterranean Sea are often advected over south-eastern Italy and as a consequence, mixed advection patterns leading to aerosol properties varying with altitude are dominant. The proposed approach was applied to ten measurement days to demonstrate its feasibility in different aerosol load conditions. The selected days were characterized by AOTs spanning the 0.26–0.67, 0.15–0.39, and 0.04–0.27 range at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, respectively. Mean lidar ratios varied within the 31–83, 32–84, and 11–47 sr range at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, respectively, for the high variability of the aerosol optical and microphysical properties. a values calculated from lidar extinction profiles at 355 and 1064 nm ranged between 0.1 and 2.5 with a mean value p 1 standard deviation equal to 1.3 ± 0.7. Δa varied within the −0.1–1 range with mean value equal to 0.25 ± 0.43. Rf and η(532 nm) values spanning the 0.05–0.3 μm and the 0.3–0.99 range, respectively, were associated with the a–Δa data points. Rf and η values showed no dependence on the altitude. 60% of the data points were in the Δa–a space delimited by the η and Rf curves varying within 0.80–0.99 and 0.05–0.15 μm, respectively, for the dominance of fine-mode particles in driving the AOT over south-eastern Italy. Vertical profiles of the linear particle depolarization ratio retrieved from lidar measurements, aerosol products from AERONET sun photometer measurements collocated in space and time, analytical back trajectories, satellite true colour images, and dust concentrations from the BSC–DREAM (Barcelona Super Computing Center-Dust REgional Atmospheric Model) model were used to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.
Arid ways : cultural understandings of insecurity in Fulbe society, Central Mali = Leven met droogte : culturele expressie van onzekerheid bij de Fulbe in Centraal - Mali

This thesis deals with the ways in which the agropastoral Fulbe in the Sahel deal with ecological, social and political insecurities. It is based on field research carried out in the Hayre dryland region of central Mali, notably in the villages of Dalla and Serma, from March 1990 until February 1992. The first part of the study examines the history of natural resource management and ideologies in the Hayre (1400-1985). The second part is about the role of the past in the present. It analyses the spatial organization, ecological environment, economic organization, and division of labour in the area, as well as the normative complexes typical of Fulbe society. Part three focuses on the use and management of natural resources, paying attention to farming and herding practices, agricultural and pastoral production, the circulation of property, and land tenure. Part four is concerned with the way in which people who have been pushed out of agricultural production survive. It focuses in particular on how people manage social and cultural resources. Part five deals with the interactions of the Fulbe pastoralists with the State and the outside world in a situation of drought
Health workers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on reporting adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Background : Reporting of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is not the sole responsibility of health workers providing routine immunization services, but also of health workers providing clinical treatments and working in other health units. This study aimed to assess health workers ’ level of knowledge as well as reporting attitudes and practices on AEFI in Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods : A cross-sectional survey using a convenience sampling method was used to recruit Primary Health Care workers in four Local Government Areas (LGAs). A self-reported questionnaire was adapted from a previous study and used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices on AEFI. Results : A total of 178 participants were recruited for this study. However, 158 respondents provided complete data and were included in the ﬁ nal statistical analysis. Overall, 64.6% (n ¼ 102) respondents had good knowledge, 96.2% (n ¼ 152) had positive attitudes, and 57.0% (n ¼ 90) had good practices on AEFI. Respondents ’ age group, direct involvement in routine immunization, and duration of practice were signi ﬁ cantly associated with knowledge (p < 0.005). There was a signi ﬁ cant relationship between knowledge, gender, and AEFI practices (p < 0.005). Conclusions : Although respondents in this study had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices towards AEFI surveillance and reporting, this study also revealed some critical gaps in the categorization of serious AEFIs and in the timeliness of reporting of AEFI cases. Frequent training of health workers, supportive supervision, and on-the-job mentoring of health workers are recommended to ultimately improve the AEFI surveillance system.
Understanding types of organizational networking behaviors in the UK manufacturing sector

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Chaos , Solitons & Fractals Nonlinear Science , and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena

Open access under CC Organisms use biological timing mechanisms to synchronise life-history transitions to annual environmental cycles. For species living outside the equatorial zone, day length change is a widely used external cue for seasonal biological clocks. This paper builds on recent developments in understanding the neuroanatomical basis of day length measurement (photoperiodism) in mammals, by taking a modelling approach to the molecular readout mechanism. We find that, while a circadian clock based system can drive day length dependent changes in the amplitude of a seasonal output (in this case production of the hormone thyrotrophin), the inclusion of a positive feedback based amplifier mechanism generates photoperiodic transitions that more closely match experimental observations. The analogies between our model and those proposed for boundary generation in developmental biology are briefly discussed. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY license.
Smart bio-metal-organic frameworks for selective molecular 1 recognition of hydrophilic vitamins 2

23 In this work, a bio metal-organic framework (bio-MOF) derived from the amino acid L-24 serine has been prepared in bulk form and the resulting material was evaluated as selective 25 sorbent for the molecular recognition and extraction of B-vitamins. The functional pores 26 of bio-MOF, with formula {Cu II6 Ca II [(S,S)-serimox] 3 (OH) 2 (H 2 O)}39H 2 O (Cu-Serimox-27 Ca), exhibit high amounts of hydroxyl groups jointly other directing supramolecular host-28 guest interactions allowed a selective recognition of B-vitamins by bio-MOF. Single-29 crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the specific B-vitamin binding sites and the 30 existence of multiple hydrogen bonds between these target molecules and the framework. 31 It offered unique snapshots to accomplish a highly efficient capture of these solutes in 32 complex aqueous matrices. Indeed, this material demonstrated a high potential as solid-33 phase extraction sorbent with remarkable reproducibility and low detection limits 34 (between 0.4 to 1.4 ng mL -1 ). The application of bio-MOF was successfully evaluated by 35 preconcentrating these hydrophilic vitamins in fruit juices and energy drinks. 36
Non-contact Monitoring of Fatigue Driving Using FMCW Millimeter Wave Radar

Fatigue driving is the leading cause of severe traffic accidents, which is considered as an important point of the research. Although a precise definition of fatigue is lacking, it is possible to detect the physiological characteristics of the human body to determine whether a person is fatigued, such as head shaking, yawning, and a significant drop in breathing. In our study, fatigue actions were collected first, and then the different micro-Doppler characteristics produced by human activity were used to classify and recognize the fatigue action using the fine-tuning convolution neural network (FT-CNN) model. The collected signals in the breathing mode were preprocessed to judge whether the person was fatigued according to the estimated value of the respiratory rate. Data in different environments were collected to verify the proposed method. Our results showed that the accuracy of fatigue detection can reach 91.8% in the laboratory environment and 87.3% in realistic scenarios.
Price Pass-Through Along the Supply Chain: Evidence from PPI and CPI Microdata

We examine the pass-through from producer to consumer prices, using product-group data derived from the microdata underlying the official Swedish PPI and CPI indices. We find a robust pass-through, in line with theoretical models emphasizing production inter-linkages between sectors. The results also display important heterogeneity in pricing behavior both along the supply chain, as well as across product groups. That is, upstream pricing seems much more rigid than downstream pricing in the supply chain and the pass-through across CPI products varies substantially with price-change frequencies. The recent COVID-and high-inflation periods do not change the main results
Multi-areal neural dynamics encode human decision making

Value-based decision-making involves multiple cortical and subcortical brain areas, but the distributed nature of neurophysiological activity underlying economic choices in the human brain remains largely unexplored. Here, we use intracranial recordings from neurosurgical patients to show that risky choices are reflected in high frequency activity distributed across multiple prefrontal and subcortical brain regions, whereas reward-related computations are less widely represented and more modular. State space modeling reveals sub-second neural dynamics underlying choices during deliberation and allows high-accuracy trial-by-trial decoding of subjects’ choices robustly across patients despite differences in anatomical coverage. These results shed light into the neural basis of choice across brain areas and open the door to new intracranial approaches for brain state decoding.
A Two-Year Record of Eolian Sedimentation in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A.

Eolian sediment collected at three locations in the Wind River Range at seven seasonal intervals from December 1988 to October 1990 were used as a baseline from which to estimate the effects of eolian sedimentation in this region. Dust was collected from snow- and rain-catch instruments installed by the US Forest Service at Hobbs Lake, Lester Pass, and Black Joe Lake. These data show that dust influx rates varied from 0.23 to 31.0 x 10{sup -7}g cm{sup -2} d{sup -1} during the sampling period. The highest sedimentation rates occur during the late summer from July through September and the lowest rates occur during the winter. High influx rates during the summer months apparently reflect the dry, snow-free conditions in the adjacent Green River Basin, from which much of the eolian sediment originates. Accumulations of dust that originates outside the Wind River Range may affect the ability of soils and sediments of the range to buffer increases in SO{sub 4} and NO{sub 3} deposition. 21 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial of CNTO 6785 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

ABSTRACT Interleukin (IL)-17A may be an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully in treating several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. This phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, proof-of-concept study is the first clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody CNTO 6785 in patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe COPD. Patients were treated with CNTO 6785 (n = 93) or placebo (n = 94) intravenously at Weeks 0, 2, and 4 (induction), then Weeks 8 and 12, and followed till Week 24. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in pre-bronchodilator percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second at Week 16. Samples were collected at all visits for pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation, and standard safety assessments were performed. The mean difference in the primary efficacy endpoint between CNTO 6785 and placebo was not statistically significant (−0.49%; p = 0.599). No other efficacy endpoints demonstrated clinically or statistically significant differences with CNTO 6785 compared with placebo. CNTO 6785 was generally well tolerated; no major safety signals were detected. The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events were infections and infestations; however, no notable differences were observed between CNTO 6785 and placebo in terms of rates of infections. PK results suggested that the steady state of serum CNTO 6785 concentration was reached within 16 weeks. These results suggest that IL-17A is unlikely to be a dominant driver in the pathology of, or a viable therapeutic target for, COPD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01966549; EudraCT Identifier: 2012-003607-36.
Reference Spreading: Tracking Performance for Impact Trajectories of a 1DoF Setup

In this brief, trajectory tracking control for nonperiodic motions with impacts is analyzed by means of physical experiments. This brief aims at demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the control method called reference spreading (RS) on a physical setup. An actuated rebounding pendulum, a one-degree-of-freedom system specifically designed for performing trajectories with partially elastic impacts, acts as a test bench. RS control is compared to both classic proportional derivative (PD) feedback control and distance function-based control, showing superior performance. Evidence of RS’s robustness to delayed impact detection, deteriorated velocity estimation accuracy, and model inaccuracies is moreover reported.
Estimating age-specific survival rates from historical ringing data: Comment.

Robinson (2010) describes a model for recoveries of Sandwich Terns Sterna sandvicensis. As is often the case in the UK, the numbers of birds ringed each year, at least until recently, are not fully computerised. The model assumes a fixed proportion of birds in different age classes. We show that the proportion can be estimated from the data, improving accuracy in estimates of survival.
Preoperative Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Test at Between 48 and 72 Hours Preoperatively is Safe for Patients Undergoing Primary and Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicentre International Study The Journal of Arthroplasty

Background: Patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty who are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive at the time of surgery have a high risk of mortality. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Care Excellence and the British Orthopaedic Association advise self- isolation for 14 days preoperatively in patients at a high risk of adverse outcomes due to COVID-19. The aim of the study is to assess whether preoperative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS- CoV-2 could be performed at between 48 and 72 hours preoperatively with speci ﬁ c advice about minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 restricted to between PCR and admission. Methods: A multicentre, international, observational cohort study of 1,000 lower limb arthroplasty cases was performed. The dual primary outcomes were 30-day conversion to SARS-CoV-2 positive and 30-day SARS-CoV-2 mortality. Secondary outcomes included 30-day SARS-CoV-2 morbidity. Results: Of the 1,000 cases, 935 (94%) had a PCR between 48 and 72 hours preoperatively. All cases were admitted to and had surgery through a COVID-free pathway. Primary knee arthroplasty was performed in 41% of cases, primary hip arthroplasty in 40%, revision knee arthroplasty in 11%, and revision hip arthroplasty in 9%. Six percent of operations were emergency operations. No cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identi ﬁ ed within the ﬁ rst 30 days. Conclusion: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test between 48 and 72 hours preoperatively with advice about minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 restricted to between PCR and admission in conjunction with a COVID-free pathway is safe for patients undergoing primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty. Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test alone may be safe but further adequately powered studies are required. This information is important for shared decision making with patients during the current pandemic.
The CIS, the EU and Russia : the challenges of integration

Introduction PART I: IN PURSUIT OF INTEGRATION IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE The Post-Soviet Space: From the USSR to the Commonwealth of Independent States and Beyond I.Kobrinskaya Russian Approaches to Integration in the Post-Soviet Space in the 2000s E.Vinokurov Russia's Pursuit of its Eurasian Security Interests: Weighing the CIS and Alternative Bilateral-Multilateral Arrangements J.Willerton & M.Beznosov PART II: THE EU AND THE POST-SOVIET SPACE The Clash of Integration Processes? The Shadow Effect of the Enlarged EU on its Eastern Neighbours T.Casier EU Policies towards Russia: Secondary Integration by Association? H.Moroff EU- Russia Relations in EU Neighbourhood Policies M.Vahl PART III: PATTERNS OF INTEGRATION Parallels and Divergences of Integration in Ukraine and Belarus L.Verpoest Patterns of Integration and Regime Compatibility: Ukraine between the CIS and the EU R.Dragneva & A.Dimitrova Integration by Absorption: New Subjects for the Russian Federation G.Kurdiukov & K.Malfliet The EU-Russia Common Economic Space and the Policy-Taker Problem E.Vinokurov Conclusion: Challenges of Integration: the EU, the CIS and Russia
Title: An epidemiological study of sleep-wake timings in school children from 4 to 11 years

Objective: It has been assumed that during adolescence there is a strong shift towards Several studies have focused on the conflict between school start-times and fewer studies have been conducted on younger children. The aim of this study was to examine sleep durations, schedules and sleep phase shift in preschool and school age children. Methods: Data for sleep patterns on school and free-days was obtained by means of questionnaires (Children ChronoType Questionnaire) for 3155 Portuguese children aged 4-to-11 years old. Results: As children grow older and school-grade level increases, we found later bedtimes and sleep onsets on both school and free-days; and later wake-times only on free-days. By contrast, wake-times were progressively earlier, imposed by school start-times. There was a progressive reduction in the amount of sleep on school-nights as grade level increased. Greater social jetlag, later midpoint of sleep and higher restriction-extension patterns were found across development. Conclusion: The displacement of bed and wake-times for later hours on free-days starts at an early age. Changing early school start-times could adjust social demands to the biological rhythm of children.
Practical Handbook of Grouting: Soil, Rock, and Structures

Description: The first complete handbook for every aspect of grouting technology The Practical Handbook of Grouting offers the most comprehensive, single–source reference covering all facets of grouting technology, including its application for control of water movement, strengthening of both soil and rock, and a wide range of structural applications. Richly illustrated with hundreds of informative photographs, graphs, and figures, this handbook provides invaluable advice on all stages of a project from initial investigation and design, through execution, monitoring, and quality control. Broad coverage in the Practical Handbook of Grouting begins with a general overview of the topic and includes design and quality control issues, injection techniques, and a thorough discussion of drilling and grouting equipment, with practical focus on building custom equipment. Enriched with real–world insights from the author, the Practical Handbook of Grouting features the latest information on: Cementitious and noncementitious grouts, including new admixtures and polymers Special construction requirements, including grouting inside structures, underground spaces, in extreme environments, and for emergency response support Grouting equipment, including pumps, mixers, agitators, and delivery and monitoring systems Pump mechanics, including the advantages and limitations of all pump types "The Games Contractors Play," including marketing efforts, proposal trickery, on–the–job issues, and defending bad work Complete with an extensive bibliography and references, the Practical Handbook of Grouting is a valuable resource for civil, structural, and geotechnical engineers, geologists, contractors, and students in related fields.
Anomalies

The q-theory implies that investment is a first-order determinant of the cross section of expected returns, and that optimal investment drives the external financing anomalies. Our neoclassical model simultaneously and in many cases quantitatively reproduces: Procyclical equity issuance waves; stock market predictability with the new equity share; the negative relation between investment and average returns; long-term underperformance following equity issuance; the mean-reverting operating performance of issuing and cash-distributing firms; and the positive long-term drift following cash distribution and its positive relation with book-to-market. Our model also generates the failures of the CAPM in capturing these anomalies.
Michael Polanyi on creativity in science

We can know more than we can tell. In this paper we discuss how Polanyi applies his tacit knowledge concept to approach creativity in science. We argue that Polanyi not only is a theoretician on creativity, but also a very creative educator aiming to communicate widely, thereby, increasing legitimacy of science. In order to make tacit knowledge and other concepts and ideas more accessible to the general public, he extensively used analogies alluding to visual representations and even made use of new innovative media like ﬁlm to complement written expositions.