Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TX2019slab: A New P and S Tomography Model Incorporating Subducting Slabs

Large numbers of earthquakes occur in subduction zones that are marked by dipping, narrow high seismic velocity slabs. The existence of these fast velocity slabs can cause serious earthquake mislocation problems that can bias estimates of seismic travel time residuals. This can affect the recovery of subducting slabs in tomography as well as introduce significant artifacts into lower mantle structure in tomography models. In order to better account for known subducting slabs, we performed a new P and S wave joint tomography inversion incorporating a three‐dimensional thermal model of subducting slabs in the starting model. In addition, velocity and source locations were inverted for simultaneously. Our new P and S models feature higher‐amplitude subducting slabs compared with previous global tomography results. The S to P heterogeneity ratio based on the new tomography model indicates that thermal elastic effects alone cannot explain all the heterogeneities in the lower mantle. Much of the observed abnormal S to P heterogeneity ratio can be explained by anelastic effects, the spin transition, and phase transitions of bridgmanite to post‐perovskite in the lower mantle.
Röntgenologisch nachweisbare Wirbelsäulenveränderungen asymptomatischer junger Männer

PURPOSE: To find reliable data of the incidence of different variations of the spine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standardised radiographic examinations of 10,922 young, healthy pilot aspirants of the German air force were made. Radiographic examination included the whole spine in a.p. and lateral projection, the cervical spine in oblique projection and in a subunit of 5781 men the lumbar spine in oblique projection. RESULTS: The following incidences were found: mild habit scoliosis: 80.4%, structural scoliosis: 9%, severe thoracal kyphosis without severe lumbar lordosis: 5.1% and together with severe lumbar lordosis: 30.8%, mild forms of kyphosis of adolescence: 23.3%, severe forms: 2.1% and cuneiform deformation of vertebral body: 4.9%, sacralization: 7.8%, lumbarization: 5.9%, spondylolysis: 6.2%, spondylolisthesis: 4.3% and lumbar chondrosis: 2.1%. Chondrosis of the thoracal and cervical spine, osteochondrosis and coalescent vertebral bodies were found in less than 0.8% each. CONCLUSION: In only 2.6% were there no pathological findings. This shows importance of radiological spine examinations especially for industrial and preventive medicine.
A KARST FEATURE PREDICTABILITY MODEL WITHIN BARBER COUNTY, KANSAS

This research consisted of two topics: 1) geographic predictive models of karst features and 2), a petrographic study examining the lithology of the study area. The study area is a privately owned ranch in the Gypsum Hills of Barber County, Kansas and is known to have karst features. Two predictive models for karst features were utilized. Previously identified features, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery aided in the creation of these predictive models. These predictability models also used the ESRI ArcMap software platform. The data for these models consists of slope, aspect, nearest neighbor elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land cover/land use, distance to geomorphic features, surface geology, and other attributes calculated in ArcMap. Other software platforms were also used in the creation of these models (Microcomputer Digital Elevation Models (MicroDEM), System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) GIS and Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) for imagery analysis). To test these models, features were identified using the sink-fill function in ArcMap on hillshade layers generated from LiDAR data. Field validation of these models successfully identified 52% of the validation points as having karst features, as well as 12 additional points in high probability areas that were visited. A total of 38 additional points (a 51% increase in the karst database) were added to the karst inventory for the property. Understanding the distribution and occurrence of karst features will help landowners mitigate risk such as collapse leading to structural damage and aquifer contamination. Although this model focused on Barber County, Kansas, the techniques and approaches used by these two models may be useful in creating future predictive models in other karst areas. The petrographic portion of this research identified two geologic sedimentary facies using petrographic thin sections from various karst features. The two facies were: 1) Algal Mat and 2) Peloidal. These facies are very close to one another spatially when plotted by sample location within the property. The relative elevation of these facies places the Algal Mat facies below the Peloidal facies. This suggests that there are multiple facies that control karst feature formation as opposed to only the basal carbonates suggested by previous studies.
Analysis and Evaluation of Behavior of R-V Dynamics Illusion in Various Conditions

This study examines the R-V Dynamics Illusion caused by different motion states of real and virtual objects. We discovered that various perceptual changes occur when a CG image imitating a liquid is superimposed onto a real object. The real object was perceived to be lighter when the real object was swung and the CG liquid moved, compared to when the liquid did not move, and the amount of muscle activity was found to decrease. In this research, the influence of the R-V Dynamics Illusion was analyzed by measuring the acceleration of the real object and the muscle fatigue of the subject. The experimental results showed that, when the real object was swung and the liquid moved, the object was swung at a low acceleration and the subjects’ muscles tended to be fatigued.
Modified models for better prediction of infiltration rates in trapezoidal permeable stormwater channels

ABSTRACT In stormwater management, it is important to accurately quantify the infiltration rates to solve urban runoff-related problems. This study proposes a method to improve estimates of the infiltration rate in permeable stormwater channels. As part of the analysis, five infiltration models were evaluated: the Kostiakov, Horton, modified Kostiakov, Philip and SCS (Soil Conservation Service) models. Infiltration tests with various initial water levels were performed on channel models with differing base width and side slopes. The results show that the addition of three parameters that describe the trapezoidal cross-sectional area, i.e. the depth, side slope and base width, in the infiltration models yielded better estimates of the infiltration rate. A comparison of the infiltration capacity values obtained from the models after the three parameters were added with those that were experimentally obtained, shows that the improved modified Kostiakov model is the most suitable model to predict infiltration rates in trapezoidal permeable stormwater channels.
From Ganglion Cell to Photoreceptor Layer: Timeline of Deterioration in a Rat Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

Neuronal damage and impaired vision in different retinal disorders are induced, among other factors, by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Since the mechanisms and the progression of ischemic injury are still not completely clarified, a timeline of this retinal degeneration is needed. In this study, we investigated protein and mRNA alterations at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h as well as 3 and 7 days after ischemia to determine the course of an ischemic insult through the whole retina. Moreover, functional analyses were performed at later stages. We detected a significant functional loss of cells in the inner nuclear layer and photoreceptors at 3 and 7 days. Additionally, the thickness of the whole retina was decreased at these points in time, indicating a severe degradation of all retinal layers. Immunohistological and qRT-PCR analyses of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), glial cells, AII amacrine, cone and rod bipolar as well as cone and rod photoreceptor cells confirmed this first assumption. Our results show that all investigated cell types were damaged by ischemia induction. Especially RGCs, cone bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cones are very sensitive to I/R. These cells were lost shortly after ischemia induction with a progressive course up to 7 days. In addition, Müller cell gliosis was observed over the entire period of time. These results provide evidence, that I/R induces damage of the whole retina at early stages and increases over time. In conclusion, our study could demonstrate the intense impact of an ischemic injury. The ischemic defect spreads across the whole retina right up to the outer layers in the long-term and thus seems to impair the visual perception already during the stimulus processing. In addition, our findings indicate that the cone pathway seems to be particularly affected by this damage.
Fast Online Analytical Processing for Big Data Warehousing

In an organizational context where data volume is continuously growing, Online Analytical Processing capabilities are necessary to ensure timely data processing for users that need interactive query processing to support the decision-making process. This paper benchmarks an innovative column-oriented distributed data store, Druid, evaluating its performance in interactive analytical workloads and verifying the impact that different data organizations strategies have in its performance. To achieve this goal, the well-known Star Schema Benchmark is used to verify the impact that the concepts of segments, query granularity and partitions or shards have in the space required to store the data and in the time needed to process it. The obtained results show that scenarios that use partitions usually achieve better processing times, even when that implies an increase in the needed storage space.
Training Needs of Women Dairy Farmersin AL Saniya District, AL Qadisyah Province, Iraq

The study examined the training needs of women dairy farmers in AL Qadisyah Province, Iraq. A sample of 125 farm women was selected through random sampling. Face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire were used to collect data. Respondents had medium level of training needs on some dairy farming practices. Health care was the most preferred training aspect of women dairy farmers followed by feeding, clean milk production, breeding and marketing, while care and management of milking animals, disease prevention, feeding of milk animals, and preparation of milk products the most preferred training sub aspect. The study recommends that improved dairy farming practices should be diffuse through training and women dairy farmers should be encourage to apply the training in their dairy farms. Keywords : Dairy cow, Livestock farmers, Milk production, Training need
Action Recognition in the Dark via Deep Representation Learning

Human action recognition for automated video surveillance applications is an interesting but a daunting task especially if the videos are captured in unfavourable lighting conditions. These situations encourage the use of multi-sensor video streams. However, simultaneous activity recognition from multiple video streams is a difficult problem due to their complementary and noisy nature. This paper proposes simultaneous action recognition from multiple video streams using deep multi-view representation learning. Furthermore, it introduces a spatio-temporal feature based correlation filter, for simultaneous detection and recognition of multiple human actions in low-light conditions. We evaluated the performance of our proposed filter with extensive experimentation on nighttime action datasets. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of deep fusion scheme for robust action recognition in extremely low-light conditions.
Analysis on job burnout and related determinants among primary care providers in China

Objectives:This article aims to provide some focused scientific data and policy implications to take intervention measures to improve job burnout among primary care providers,based on the analysis of job burnout and related determinants.Methods:Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure job burnout.One-way ANOVA and generalized linear regression were used to analyze the determinants.Results:Freshmen,those with lower professional titles or higher education levels had more severe job burnout;those feeling greater job pressures and those giving worse comments on management systems of their organizations,also had more severe job burnout.Recommendations:Take effective measures to improve job burnout among primary care providers with less work experiences or low professional titles,relieve or buffer their job pressures and establish equal,fair and transparent management systems.
Do More-Assimilated Latinxs Leave the Barrio and Move to “White” Neighborhoods? Latinxs, Young Adults, and Spatial Assimilation

Studies of Latinx–white residential segregation and of Latinx residential attainment consistently report findings consistent with spatial assimilation. Nevertheless, most studies of this theory use statistical models that cannot account for multiple dimensions of neighborhoods that may influence residential attainment. In this article, we test predictions of the spatial assimilation model using discrete choice analyses, a multidimensional model. We use data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study on the residential attainment of 1,080 Latinx young adults, most of whom have recently left their parents’ homes. After accounting for the multiple dimensions of neighborhoods, we find little evidence that assimilation from income, generation, or barrio background influences young adult residential attainment. The consequences of language assimilation are modest. However, we find that Latinx young adults with a bachelor’s degree live in “whiter” and “less Latinx” neighborhoods than those without a BA net of these multiple dimensions. The findings suggest that increased assimilation among Latinx young adults is unlikely to improve their residential attainment unless it specifically includes greater education.
Mode-free Control of Prosthetic Lower Limbs

Intuitive control of powered prosthetic lower limbs is still an open-ended research goal. Current controllers employ discrete locomotion modes for well-defined scenarios such as stair ascent, stair descent, or ramps. General human locomotion, however, is a continuous motion, fluidly adapting to the environment, and not always categorizable into modes. A prominent feature of normal movement is that it exhibits strong inter-joint coordination, and the movement of a single joint, such as the ankle, can be largely predicted based on the movement of the rest of the body. We show that using body motion from the intact limbs and trunk, a reference trajectory can be generated for a prosthetic joint for every instant in time.A wearable motion capture suit was worn by 11 healthy subjects to record full body kinematics during flat ground walking with and without random stops and stair ascent and descent. Three machine learning techniques were employed to predict right ankle kinematic trajectory using other joint kinematics as inputs. We found that a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) was the best performing model, robust to subject-specific variations such as walking speed and step length. Performance of the network evaluated on a test subject (not included in training) showed that ankle angle can be estimated with a root mean square error of fewer than 7 degrees. The change in performance when using a smaller array of sensors, gathering partial body kinematics instead of full-body motion, is also evaluated. This approach demonstrates the potential for the application of data-driven models to prosthetic control without explicit featurization of terrains or gait phases.
Study to determining the knowledge and practice regarding prevention of Mosquito-borne disease among adult population in selected rural Community

Introduction: Mosquito-Borne Diseases or mosquito-borne illness are disease caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites transmitted by Mosquitoes. Methodology: Descriptive study conducted to assess the knowledge and practice regarding prevention of Mosquito Borne Disease among adult population in selected rural Community. The study was conducted in selected rural area of Athuru under Nitte CHC with 100 sample. The population for the present study were selected adults residing under selected rural area belongings to 20-50 years of age. Subject was selected by using Simple random sampling method. Structured knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist used to collect data. The results: Showed that 52 (52%) had average knowledge, 33(33%) had good knowledge and 15(15%) had poor knowledge. The practice of people regarding preventive measures revealed that 61(61%) had good practice and 39(39%) had poor practice regarding the preventive measures Conclusion: This study concluded that majority of adult people had average knowledge.
Study of Physical Arrangement with M3K Concept Based On Element Urban Design in Gemblakan Bawah Village Kota Yogyakarta

The river boundary is a buffer zone between the river and terrestrial aquatic ecosystems. The community’s lack understanding of river border functions causes the use of river boundary as residential areas. This condition occurs in the River Code boundary, Yogyakarta. To restore the river border, Pamerti Kali Code (a community engaged in the Code River observer) initiated the concept of M3K (Mundur Munggah Madhep Kali). The physical arrangement of settlements with the M3K concept has been realized in the slum village in Gemblakan Bawah Village located on the banks of the Code River. This village is the 1st segment of 4 segments that are planned for structuring. After the M3K concept was implemented, this village was transformed into a tourist village. In the urban design context, every city must pay attention to element urban design so that the city has clear characteristics. So structuring settlements with M3K needs to be assessed based on the elements of urban design. The purpose of this paper is to identify the application of elements urban design in physical arrangement with the concept of M3K in Kampung Gemblakan Bawah. This research used quantitative methods with quantitative descriptive and frequency distribution analysis. The author obtained data by conducting surveys and questionnaires to 78 families. The analysis was carried out by analyzing the physical condition of the Gemblakan Bawah Village after applying M3K concept based on urban design elements (land use, building and massing, circulation and parking, open space, signage, pedestrian ways, and activity support). The results of the study prove that settlement arrangements with the M3K concept make urban design elements in residential areas increase. Among them are improvements in the form of the regularity of buildings, improvement of river bank circulation into non-motorized lanes as well as new open spaces and the existence of new spaces, support activities in the form of tourism activities that result in improved environmental quality in Gemblakan Bawah Village.
Factors Associated With 30-Day Hospital Readmissions Among Participants in a Care Transition Quality Improvement Program

Discharge from hospital to home is a vulnerable period for older adults who have multiple care needs. The Safe Transitions for Elderly People (STEP) program is a care transition program for Medicare fee-for-service patients 75 years and older discharged to home from a community hospital. This quality improvement project (a) compares 30-day hospital readmission rates between 498 STEP participants and 722 patients eligible for STEP but not participating in the program, and (b) determines factors associated with readmissions during STEP. The STEP participants received intervention in 1 of 2 formats: 395 received a telephone-only intervention and 103 received a telephone plus home visit intervention. STEP participants had a lower 30-day hospital readmission rate than nonparticipants (i.e., those who could not be contacted for STEP participation; those who declined to participate). Results of binary logistic regressions showed 2 variables were significant predictors of readmissions: for the group of all STEP participants and the telephone-only intervention group, the (a) hospitalization within the previous year predicted readmission; for the telephone plus home visit group, the (b) degree of assistance needed with ambulation predicted readmission. Given the multifactor nature of readmissions, interdisciplinary teams should develop tailored interventions based on individual’s psychosocial and medical assessments. Reforms to the Medicare fee-for-service system have the potential to change financial incentives that currently favor hospitalization of older patients, the potential to avoid readmissions, and the potential to direct the savings to support interdisciplinary care transition interventions.
Formulation of Satisfactory Meal for Sudanese Children (3-5 years) in Wad Medani Greater Locality, Gezira State, Sudan

BACKGROUND: A knowledge of chemical composition of food is the first essential in the quantitative study of human nutrition and in the dietary treatment of disease. One of the reasons for studying nutrition is to learn how to select meal that will enable to achieve and maintain good health. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct approximate analysis for some types of food so as to formulate adequate meals for Sudanese children. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 300 children 3-5 years of age from Wad Medani locality, Gezira State, Sudan, were surveyed. The study was conducted during period from July 2014 to February 2015. Dietary data and eating habits of children were obtained by interviewing mothers about their children’s diet using pre-tested questionnaires. Analysis of the main food was carried out according to the protocols of AACC (1980) and AOAC (1975, 1984). RESULTS: The results showed that, all samples of food are relatively high in carbohydrate and low in protein and fat content. Bearing in mind that all these types of stuff do not give a balanced diet therefore, two adequate meals were suggested. CONCLUSION: It is important to add more ingredients to some of our traditional foods, to improve the nutritional values.
Shape variability in tridactyl dinosaur footprints: the significance of size and function

The functional anatomy of the hindlimb of bipedal dinosaurs has been intensively studied. Yet, surprisingly little work has been done concerning functional adaptation of digits for terrestrial locomotion. While complete and articulated pes skeletons are scarce, pes shape is abundantly recorded by fossil footprints. We elucidate the significance of footprint shape and size for locomotion using a large sample (n = 303) of tridactyl dinosaur footprints from a broad range of geographical localities and time slots. Size and shape variation are characterized separately for theropods and ornithischians, the two principal trackmaker taxa. At smaller sizes, theropod footprints are best discriminated from ornithischian footprints by their smaller interdigital angle and larger projection of digit III; at larger sizes digital widths are effective discriminants. Ornithischian footprints increase in size from the Early Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous, a trend not observed in theropod footprints. Size and function are argued to be important determinants of footprint shape, and an attempt made to infer function from shape. Digit III projection and length‐to‐width ratio of the footprints are negatively correlated with size in both groups; digit impression width is positively correlated with size only in ornithischians. Digit III projection appears to be positively correlated with cursorial ability. Increased interdigital angles are associated with a decrease in digital width, possibly an adaptation for stability. Weak digit III projection and increased digital width are interpreted as adaptations for graviportality. Footprints yield great potential for the understanding of the functional morphology of dinosaur feet.