Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vegetation effects on the morphological behavior of alluvial channels

This study examined the morphological behavior of a channel with vegetation by means of both laboratory experiments and a numerical simulation. Two sets of laboratory experiments were carried out to elucidate the influence of riparian vegetation on braided rivers with erodible banks. One was for a braided river without vegetation from an initially straight channel and the other was for a river with vegetation, where the density of alfalfa was controlled to form vegetated channels. A numerical simulation was also conducted to investigate the effects of vegetation on the channel morphology considering bank erosion, and the results were compared with those of the laboratory experiments. The experimental results showed that the water depth increased and the width decreased with vegetation. The mainstream was also developed to a high meandering channel and then bifurcated to two channels due to vegetation downstream. This was due mainly to a change of flow direction by the blockade of secondary channels near the vegetated zones and backwater effects near the vegetated banks. As the vegetation density increased, the correlation coefficient of cross-sectional data increased in both the numerical and experimental results, and good agreement between the numerical and experimental results was obtained. This indicates that the channel mobility decreased with increasing vegetation density. The numerical model generated the features of the bed topography obtained in experimental channels
Steady shallow flow over curved beds

The validity of recent shallow-flow equations with bed curvature is examined. Subcritical, critical and supercritical steady-flow solutions are identified, and the point of critical flow on the bed located, in terms of a generalized Froude number. Experiments on steady flow over both a symmetric and unsymmetric bed profile show that the theory satisfactorily predicts the free-surface and bed-pressure profiles over −2 [lsim ] kh 0·54 (where k is the bed curvature and h is the flow depth normal to the bed).
The STARE/SABRE story

Abstract. In January 1977 a new type of radar aurora experiment named STARE (Scandinavian Twin Aurora Radar Experiment) commenced operation in northern Scandinavia. The purpose of the experiment was two-fold: to make observations of the nature of radar auroras, and to contribute to the study of solar–terrestrial relationships (or space weather). The experiment was designed for automatic continuous operation, and for nearly two and a half decades it provided estimates of electron flows with good spatial coverage and resolution and good time resolution. It was a successful experiment that yielded a wealth of observations and results, pertaining to, and based on, the observed time variations of the electron flows and to the spatial flow pattern observed at any given time. This radar system inspired the creation of a similar system, SABRE (Sweden And Britain Radar Experiment), which increased the field of view towards the southwest of STARE. This system commenced operation in 1982.
Three- and Four-Dimensional Variational Assimilation with a General Circulation Model of the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Part I: Formulation, Internal Diagnostics, and Consistency Checks

Abstract Three- and four-dimensional variational assimilation (3DVAR and 4DVAR) systems have been developed for the Ocean Parallelise (OPA) ocean general circulation model (OGCM) of the Laboratoire d'Oceanographie Dynamique et de Climatologie. An iterative incremental approach is used to minimize a cost function that measures the statistically weighted squared differences between the observational information and their model equivalent. The control variable of the minimization problem is an increment to the background estimate of the model initial conditions at the beginning of each assimilation window. In 3DVAR, the increment is transported between observation times within the window using a persistence model, while in 4DVAR a dynamical model derived from the tangent linear (TL) of the OGCM is used. Both the persistence and TL models are shown to provide reasonably good descriptions of the evolution of typical errors over the 10- and 30-day widths of the assimilation windows used in the authors' 3DVAR an.
Transverse Compressional Damping in the Vibratory Response of Elastic-Viscoelastic-Elastic Beams.

The effects of transverse compressional damping in the vibratory response of three-layer elastic-viscoelasticelastic beams are considered both analytically and experimentally in a mechanical impedance format. The relative importance of this type of damping is assessed through comparison with the shear damping mechanism inherent in the composite using the Mead and Markus model. Results of this investigation suggest that the effects from transverse compressional damping have a relatively narrow frequency bandwidth dependent on the elastic loss tangent of the damping core and are centered at the compressional (delamination) frequency toc of the composite. Compressional damping is shown to have a minimal effect on the transverse dynamic response of thin three-layer damped beams for frequencies significantly less than coc where a shear damping model provides a more accurate prediction of the composite loss factor. / £ tv /,b EI Pi
Psychologische basisbehoeften van docenten-in-opleiding : Een onderzoek naar het verband tussen de basisbehoeftevervulling van docenten-in-opleiding, hun interpersoonlijk functioneren en de inzet van kernkwaliteiten

The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the effects of non-rational and unconscious factors on the functioning of student teachers. It focused on (1) the fulfilment of the basic psychological needs of student teachers, (2) the relation between this fulfilment and their interpersonal functioning in classrooms, and (3) the relation between their use of personal qualities (so-called 'core qualities') and changes in the levels of fulfilment of their basic psychological needs.We monitored 46 student teachers during 14 weeks of their university teacher education programme in which they taught independently in secondary education for the first time. After 417 lessons in 110 classes, data were collected on the student teachers’ needs fulfilment and the student teachers’ self-perception of their interpersonal function-ing using a questionnaire. At the end of the 14-week period, data were collected on the student teachers’ interpersonal behaviour during the period as a whole, .
An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) plays a crucial role in astrophysics, planetary magnetism, engineering and controlled nuclear fusion. This comprehensive textbook emphasizes physical ideas, rather than mathematical detail, making it accessible to a broad audience. Starting from elementary chapters on fluid mechanics and electromagnetism, it takes the reader all the way through to the latest ideas in more advanced topics, including planetary dynamos, stellar magnetism, fusion plasmas and engineering applications. With the new edition, readers will benefit from additional material on MHD instabilities, planetary dynamos and applications in astrophysics, as well as a whole new chapter on fusion plasma MHD. The development of the material from first principles and its pedagogical style makes this an ideal companion for both undergraduate students and postgraduate students in physics, applied mathematics and engineering. Elementary knowledge of vector calculus is the only prerequisite.
Long-time states of inverse cascades in the presence of a maximum length scale

It is shown numerically, both for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes (guidingcentre plasma) equations and for two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics, that the long-time asymptotic state in a forced inverse-cascade situation is one in which the spectrum is completely dominated by its own fundamental. The growth continues until the fundamental is dissipatively limited by its own dissipation rate.
Frequency and spatial sampling strategies for crosshole seismic waveform spectral inversion experiments

Analyses of synthetic frequency-domain acoustic waveform data provide new insights into the design and imaging capability of crosshole surveys. The full complex Fourier spectral data offer significantly more information than other data representations such as the amplitude, phase, or Hartley spectrum. Extensive eigenvalue analyses are used for further inspection of the information content offered by the seismic data. The goodness of different experimental configurations is investigated by varying the choice of (1) the frequencies, (2) the source and receiver spacings along the boreholes, and (3) the borehole separation. With only a few carefully chosen frequencies, a similar amount of information can be extracted from the seismic data as can be extracted with a much larger suite of equally spaced frequencies. Optimized data sets should include at least one very low frequencycomponent. The remaining frequencies should be chosen fromthe upper end of the spectrum available. This strategy proved to be applica.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A rare entity

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder which involves a complex group of inherited conditions. This condition is characterised by the failed development of two or more ectodermal derived anatomic structure; for example, the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. It is a phenotypically heterogenous group of illnesses including anodontia with conical teeth, generalised spacing, reduced ability to sweat, very less hair growth, etc. The pattern of inheritance of HED varies from person to person depending on the type of ectodermal dysplasia (ED). The patterns include X-linked recessive, X-linked dominant, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and spontaneous mutation. There is one such common type of ED more in female than male. It is an X-linked HED (XLHED), characterised by hypohidrosis, sparse hair, and teeth abnormalities. The other type can affect both male and female equally and may be inherited in different ways. The present case is a 21-year-old male who presented with hair, teeth, and sweat gland abnormalities.
Evolution of Transient Electromagnetic Fields in Radially Inhomogeneous Nonstationary Medium

To solve radiation problems in time domain directly the modal representation of transient electromagnetic flelds is consid- ered. Using evolutionary approach the initial nonstationary three- dimensional electrodynamic problem is transformed into the problem for one-dimensional evolutionary equations by the construction of the modal basis for electromagnetic flelds with arbitrary time dependence in spherical coordinate system. Elimination of the radial components of electrical and magnetic fleld from Maxwell equation system permits to form the four-dimensional difierential operators. It is proved that the operators are self- adjoint ones. The eigen-functions of the opera- tors form the basis. The completeness of the basis is proved by means of Weyl Theorem about orthogonal detachments of Hilbert space. The expansion coe-cients of arbitrary electromagnetic fleld are found from
Robots, Offshoring, and Welfare

The nature and the organization of production is undergoing a radical transformation. Advances in robotics technologies have led to the widespread use of automation in tasks previously performed by workers. At the same time, improvements in communication technologies have led companies to offshore stages of production to low-wage countries. These two phenomena are having a profound effect on advanced economies. Although they are believed to bring about higher productivity and lower costs, they are also often blamed for the decline in manufacturing employment and stagnation of real wages (see, for instance, Baldwin, 2019). More recently, a new hypothesis is gaining attention: that automation, which is much more prevalent in advanced economies, can increase competitiveness and bring back jobs that had been previously relocated to low-wage countries. Examples of this process of “reshoring” have started to populate the business literature. Yet, its scope, causes and consequences are still largely unknown. In this chapter we study the interaction between automation and offshoring, from the perspective of advanced countries. From a theoretical viewpoint, we show that offshoring can change the welfare effects of automation. In particular, if robots replace foreign-sourced tasks, automation is always beneficial for domestic workers. However, if robots replace domestically-produced tasks, automation can be welfare-reducing for workers in the adopting country, even if it would have been welfare-improving in autarky. These results underscore the importance of identifying which workers are competing with robots more directly. We therefore turn to US data across industries, occupations and local labor markets to validate the predictions of the model and assess which scenario is empirically more plausible.1 To illustrate our theoretical result, we start from a simple task-based model of production that incorporates the standard effects of automation. In autarky, substituting labor with cheaper robots has a productivity effect, a capital deepening effect and a displacement effect. While the first two effects raise welfare, the latter one tends to lower real wages. But the negative effect is always dominated if the supply of robot capital is sufficiently elastic.2 In the presence of offshoring,
Impact of treatment optimization in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who do not respond to esomeprazole

Introduction: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects one out of eight people in Colombia. Its characteristic symptoms are heartburn and reflux. The cornerstone of treatment is proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), with a clinical response in 58-80% of patients. Of those who do not respond, 75-90% have a superimposed functional disorder and could be treated by adding visceral neuromodulators. Objective: to evaluate the impact of optimizing the treatment of patients with GERD when there is no response to esomeprazole (ESO). Materials and methods: a prospective study in patients with no clinical response (more than two reflux episodes per week) who were treated with 40 mg of ESO half an hour before breakfast along with the recommendation to lose weight if BMI >25, stop smoking and manage stress; and, finally, increasing the ESO dose to 40 mg on an empty stomach and before dinner. When all of this was done and symptoms persisted, 12.5 mg of amitriptyline were added at night. The response was evaluated every 12 weeks. Results: a total of 529 patients were eligible and 149 met the inclusion criteria. With treatment optimization, 111 patients had a clinical response without using amitriptyline (74.5%; 95%CI 67.2-81.4). Amitriptyline was added in 22 patients (14.8%), 15 of whom responded (68.2%; 95%CI 47.04-89.32%). Eight patients experienced drowsiness (53.3%). A relationship was found between PPI treatment compliance and clinical response (p<0.0001). Conclusions: in patients with GERD, PPI treatment optimization improves 74.5% (95%CI 67.2-81.4) of the patients, and adding amitriptyline for those who do not improve achieves improvement in 68.2% of those who did not improve with two doses of ESO. Sequential management achieved a cumulative improvement in symptom control in 85% (95%CI 78.6-90.4) of the patients. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.2041).
Effect of Red Mud Addition on Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Hemp-Derived-Biochar-Containing Epoxy Composites

Waste stream valorization is a difficult task where the economic and environmental issues must be balanced. The use of complex metal-rich waste such as red mud is challenging due to the wide variety of metal oxides present such as iron, aluminum, and titanium. The simple separation of each metal is not economically feasible, so alternative routes must be implemented. In this study, we investigated the use of red mud mixed with hemp waste to produce biochar with high conductivity and good magnetic properties induced by the reduction of the metal oxides present in the red mud through carbothermal processes occurring during the co-pyrolysis. The resulting biochar enriched with thermally-reduced red mud is used for the preparation of epoxy-based composites that are tested for electric and magnetic properties. The electric properties are investigated under DC (direct current) regime with or without pressure applied and under AC (alternating current) in a frequency range from 0.5 up to 16 GHz. The magnetic measurements show the effective tailoring of hemp-derived biochar with magnetic structures during the co-pyrolytic process.
On the interaction of small-scale oceanic internal waves with near-inertial waves

Ray theory is used to investigate the interaction of a short high-frequency progressive internal wave of infinitesimal amplitude with a long progressive near-inertial wave of arbitrary amplitude. Weak-interaction theory would, if applicable, predict that the largest changes in short-wave properties occur when the resonance condition c = cg is satisfied, where c is the phase velocity of the long wave and cg is the group velocity of the short wave. The present calculation confirms this prediction only when the long wave has exceedingly small amplitude (peak velocities of order 0.1 cm/s). However, when the background velocity has a realistic amplitude (e.g. oceanic values are of order 20 cm/s) the resonance condition fails to be relevant. For example, waves which initially have c = cg become trapped in low-shear regions and consequently experience very small changes in wavenumber. Other short waves, which initially have cg [Lt ] c and hence violate the resonance condition, exhibit large and permanent changes in vertical wavenumber. Remarkably, it is found that these permanent changes are much more likely to be decreases, rather than increases, in wavenumber. This can be explained as follows. Short waves which enter an inertial-wave packet experience both increases and decreases in wavenumber. However, at times when the wavenumber is relatively large, the group velocity is relatively small and the short wave is unlikely to escape from the inertial packet, whereas small wavenumber and large group velocity assist the escape of the short-wave group. Consequently the short waves that leave the inertial packet tend to have a smaller average wavenumber than those that enter. Thus the net effect of a near-inertial packet on a collection of short waves appears to be an increase in vertical wavelength and frequency.
Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells Derived from the Ventricle More Effectively Enhance Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Than Those Derived from the Tumor

Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal human tumors with a highly infiltrative phenotype. Our previous studies showed that GBM originates in the subventricular zone, and that tumor-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (tMSLCs) promote the invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Here, we extend these studies in terms of ventricles using several types of GBM patient-derived cells. Materials and Methods The invasiveness of GBM TSs and ventricle spheres (VSs) were quantified via collagen-based 3D invasion assays. Gene expression profiles were obtained from microarray data. A mouse orthotopic xenograft model was used for in vivo experiments. Results After molecular and functional characterization of ventricle-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (vMSLCs), we investigated the effects of these cells on the invasiveness of GBM TSs. We found that vMSLC-conditioned media (CM) significantly accelerated the invasiveness of GBM TSs and VSs, compared to the control and even tMSLC-CM. Transcriptome analyses revealed that vMSLC secreted significantly higher levels of several invasiveness-associated cytokines. Moreover, differentially expressed genes between vMSLCs and tMSLCs were enriched for migration, adhesion, and chemotaxis-related gene sets, providing a mechanistic basis for vMSLC-induced invasion of GBM TSs. In vivo experiments using a mouse orthotopic xenograft model confirmed vMSLC-induced increases in the invasiveness of GBM TSs. Conclusion Although vMSLCs are non-tumorigenic, this study adds to our understanding of how GBM cells acquire infiltrative features by vMSLCs, which are present in the region where GBM genesis originates.
Gene Therapy of Sphingolipid Metabolic Disorders

Sphingolipidoses are defined as a group of rare hereditary diseases resulting from mutations in the genes encoding lysosomal enzymes. This group of lysosomal storage diseases includes more than 10 genetic disorders, including GM1-gangliosidosis, Tay–Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, the AB variant of GM2-gangliosidosis, Fabry disease, Gaucher disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, Niemann–Pick disease, Farber disease, etc. Enzyme deficiency results in accumulation of sphingolipids in various cell types, and the nervous system is also usually affected. There are currently no known effective methods for the treatment of sphingolipidoses; however, gene therapy seems to be a promising therapeutic variant for this group of diseases. In this review, we discuss gene therapy approaches for sphingolipidoses that are currently being investigated in clinical trials, among which adeno-associated viral vector-based approaches and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells genetically modified with lentiviral vectors seem to be the most effective.
Thermal stability analysis of high brightness LED during high temperature and electrical aging

In this paper we report the analysis of thermal stability of High Brightness Light Emitting Diode subjected to thermal and bias ageing. The degradation mechanisms of several families of commercial available devices were investigated. In the first part of the work we estimated thermal resistance and thermal behaviour under dc bias condition. After this thermal characterisation two different ageing tests were carried out on devices: thermal aging at high temperature levels without biasing the devices and accelerated dc stress at nominal current value (400mA). At each step a complete electrical and optical characterisation of aged devices was performed, in order to find a correlation between different aging and a better understanding of degradation mechanism. This characterisation included I-V measurements, optical power vs current characteristics and spectral analysis. During thermal stress we observed the increase of forward voltage at nominal current and the degradation of optical power with nearly exponential kinetics. We found that lifetimes were well correlated with stress temperature: therefore it was possible to find an activation energy of degradation mechanism of about 1.5eV. Moreover, modifications of spectral properties during electrical and thermal stress were found. Thus, a package level analysis was carried out in order to clarify the role of modification in optical properties of reflector cup and the efficiency of phosphors. Finally, evaluation of differential structure functions indicated that stress induces also the worsening of the properties of the chip-to-package thermal path: this phenomenon has been attributed to the partial detachment and degradation of the ohmic contacts.