Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of excessive gestational weight gain on exclusive breastfeeding among women with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and obesity

Background Pregestational diabetes, obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, however, the influence of excessive GWG on lactation at discharge is less known. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of excessive GWG using the LifeCycle project guidelines on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and any BF rates at discharge among 171 women with Type 1 and 294 Type 2 diabetes and obesity who intended to BF. Methods and findings Retrospective cohort study. Obesity was defined by BMI (kg/m2) as grade 1 (30–34.9), grade 2 (35–39.9) or grade 3 (≥40). GWG was categorized as adequate, inadequate or excessive according to the 2019 LifeCycle Project guidelines. Women with Type 1 were younger (30 vs 33y), primiparous (51 vs 32%), delivered earlier (37 vs 38w) than women with Type 2 andwere different in grade 1 (40 vs 26%), grade 3 obesity (19 vs 49%) and median GWG (15 vs 11kg). Of all 465 women with Type 1 and Type 2 combined, 365 (78%) who had excessive GWG and 100 (22%) who had non-excessive GWG showed similar EBF (27 vs 25%) and any BF (72 vs 72%) rates. Regression analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounders excessive GWG was not a predictor of EBF or any BF at discharge. Conclusion Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, obesity and excessive GWG are associated with low EBF, however, excessive GWG is not an independent predictor of low EBF or any BF at discharge.
Casimir force between partially transmitting mirrors

The Casimir force can be understood as resulting from the radiation pressure exerted by the vacuum fluctuations reflected by boundaries. We extend this local formulation to the case of partially transmitting boundaries by introducing reflectivity and transmittivity coefficients obeying conditions of unitarity, causality and high frequency transparency. We show that the divergences associated with the infiniteness of the vacuum energy do not appear in this approach. We give explicit expressions for the Casimir force which hold for any frequency dependent scattering and any temperature. The corresponding expressions for the Casimir energy are interpreted in terms of phase shifts. The known results are recovered at the limit of a perfect reflection.
Differences in eccentricity for sound-induced flash illusion in four visual fields

A sound-induced flash illusion (SiFI) is a multisensory illusion dominated by auditory stimuli, in which the individual perceives that the number of visual flashes is equal to the number of auditory stimuli when visual flashes are presented along with an unequal number of auditory stimuli. Although the mechanisms underlying fission and fusion illusions have been documented, there is not yet a consensus on how they vary according to the different eccentricities. In the present study, by incorporating the classic SiFI paradigm into four different eccentricities, we aimed to investigate whether the SiFI varies under the different eccentricities. The results showed that the fission illusion varied significantly across the four eccentricities, with the perifovea (7°) and peripheral (11°) illusions being greater than the fovea and parafovea (3°) illusions. In contrast, the fusion illusion did not vary significantly across the four eccentricities. Our findings revealed that SiFI was affected by different visual fields and that there were differences between the fission and the fusion illusions. Furthermore, by examining the SiFI of eccentricity across visual fields, this study also suggests that bottom-up factors affect the SiFI.
Image Caption Generation for Low-Resource Assamese Language

Image captioning is a prominent Artificial Intelligence (AI) research area that deals with visual recognition and a linguistic description of the image. It is an interdisciplinary field concerning how computers can see and understand digital images & videos, and describe them in a language known to humans. Constructing a meaningful sentence needs both structural and semantic information of the language. This paper highlights the contribution of image caption generation for the Assamese language. The unavailability of an image caption generation system for the Assamese language is an open problem for AI-NLP researchers, and it’s just an early stage of the research. To achieve our defined objective, we have used the encoder-decoder framework, which combines the Convolutional Neural Networks and the Recurrent Neural Networks. The experiment has been tested on Flickr30k and Coco Captions dataset, which have been originally present in the English language. We have translated these datasets into Assamese language using the state-of-the-art Machine Translation (MT) system for our designed work.
A Quantitative Analysis of Comparison of Emoji Sentiment: Taiwan Mandarin Users and English Users

Emojis have become essential components in our digital communication. Emojis, especially smiley face emojis and heart emojis, are considered the ones conveying more emotions. In this paper, two functions of emoji usages are discussed across two languages, Taiwanese Mandarin and English. The first function discussed here is sentiment enhancement and the other is sentiment modification. Multilingual language model is adopted for seeing the probability distribution of the text sentiment, and relative entropy is used to quantify the degree of changes. The results support the previous research that emojis are more frequently-used in positive contexts, smileys tend to be used for expressing emotions and prove the language-independent nature of emojis.
Legal Case Winning Party Prediction With Domain Specific Auxiliary Models

Sifting through hundreds of old case documents to obtain information pertinent to the case in hand has been a major part of the legal profession for centuries. However, with the expansion of court systems and the compounding nature of case law, this task has become more and more intractable with time and resource constraints. Thus automation by Natural Language Processing presents itself as a viable solution. In this paper, we discuss a novel approach for predicting the winning party of a current court case by training an analytical model on a corpus of prior court cases which is then run on the prepared text on the current court case. This will allow legal professionals to efficiently and precisely prepare their cases to maximize the chance of victory. The model is built with and experimented using legal domain specific sub-models to provide more visibility to the final model, along with other variations. We show that our model with critical sentence annotation with a transformer encoder using RoBERTa based sentence embedding is able to obtain an accuracy of 75.75%, outperforming other models.
CrowNER at Rocling 2022 Shared Task: NER using MacBERT and Adversarial Training

This study uses training and validation data from the “ROCLING 2022 Chinese Health Care Named Entity Recognition Task” for modeling. The modeling process adopts technologies such as data augmentation and data post-processing, and uses the MacBERT pre-training model to build a dedicated Chinese medical field NER recognizer. During the fine-tuning process, we also added adversarial training methods, such as FGM and PGD, and the results of the final tuned model were close to the best team for task evaluation. In addition, by introducing mixed-precision training, we also greatly reduce the time cost of training.
Trends in coronary calcium score and coronary CT angiography imaging volume during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the delivery of preventative care and management of acute diseases. This study assesses the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on coronary calcium score and coronary CT angiography imaging volume. Materials & Methods A single institution retrospective review of consecutive patients presenting for coronary calcium score or coronary CT angiography examinations between January 1, 2020 to January 4, 2022 was performed. The weekly number of calcium score and coronary CT angiogram exams were compared over four periods: a baseline pre-COVID-19 period (1/1/2020–3/10/2020); “COVID-19 peak” period (3/11/2020–5/2/2020); 2020 recovery period (5/3/2020-1/4/2021), and 2021 recovery period (1/5/21-1/4/2022). Results Overall, 1,817 coronary calcium score CT and 5,895 coronary CT angiogram examinations were performed. The average weekly volume of coronary CTA and coronary calcium score CT exams decreased by up to 83% and 100%, respectively, during the COVID-19 peak period compared to the pre-COVID-19 peak period (p<.0001 for both). The post-COVID recovery through 2020 saw weekly coronary CTA volumes rebound to 86% of baseline (49.7 vs. 57.6, p=.024), while coronary calcium score CT volumes remained muted at only a 53% recovery (14.9 vs. 28.2; p<.001). In 2021, coronary CTA imaging eclipsed pre-COVID rates (65.7 vs. 57.6; p=.012), however coronary calcium score CT volume only reached 67% of baseline (18.9 vs. 28.2; p<.001). Conclusions A significant decrease in both coronary CTA and coronary calcium score CT volume occurred during the peak-COVID-19 period. During subsequent recovery periods in 2020 and 2021, coronary CTA imaging eventually superseded baseline rates, while coronary calcium score CT volumes only reached two thirds of baseline. These findings highlight the importance of resumption of screening exams as the pandemic continues and should prompt clinicians to be aware of potential undertreatment of patients with coronary artery disease as pandemic restrictions are lifted.
Thermal states of neutron stars with a consistent model of interior

We model the thermal states of both isolated neutron stars and accreting neutron stars in X-ray transients in quiescence and confront them with observations. We use an equation of state and superfluid baryon gaps, which are consistently calculated. We conclude that the direct Urca process is required to be consistent with low-luminous accreting neutron stars. In addition, proton superfluidity and sufficiently weak neutron superfluidity are necessary to explain the cooling of middle-aged neutron stars and to obtain a realistic distribution of neutron star masses.
Interaction of Soliton with an Impurity in Nonlinear Lattice

Interaction of a soliton with a mass impurity in the exponential lattice has been studied by means of a computer simulation. We particularly investigate the decrease of the soliton amplitude due to an impurity. The present computation shows that the decrease of amplitude is proportional to ( A IN D ) 2 in the region of \(A_{\text{IN}}|D| \lesssim 1\), where A IN denotes the incident soliton amplitude and the mass defect D is defined by 1- Q , if Q denotes the mass ratio of the impurity to the host particle. The relation holds whether the impurity is lighter ( Q 1) than the host particle. The result agrees qualitatively with the perturbation theory based on the inverse method. In the case of a light impurity, there remains a localized mode near the impurity site, after a soliton has passed through the impurity. The frequency of the localized mode decreases as the amplitude of the mode increases, in a qualitative agreement with a simple mode-coupling theory.
Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Unusual Type Ia Supernova 2000cx

We present optical and infrared photometry of the unusual Type Ia supernova 2000cx. With the data of Li et al. and Jha, this constitutes the largest data set ever assembled for a Type Ia SN, more than 600 points in UBVRIJHK. We confirm the finding of Li et al. regarding the unusually blue B−V colors as SN 2000cx entered the nebular phase. Its I‐band secondary hump was extremely weak given its B‐band decline rate. The V minus near‐infrared colors likewise do not match loci based on other slowly declining Type Ia SNe, although V−K is the least “abnormal. ” In several ways, SN 2000cx resembles other slow decliners, given its B‐band decline rate [Δm15(B) = 0.93], the appearance of Fe iii lines and weakness of Si ii in its premaximum spectrum, the V−K colors, and postmaximum V−H colors. If the distance modulus derived from surface brightness fluctuations of the host galaxy is correct, we find that the rate of light increase prior to maximum, the characteristics of the bolometric light curve, and the implied absolute magnitude at maximum are all consistent with a subluminous object with Δm15(B) ≈ 1.6–1.7 having a higher than normal kinetic energy.
Follow or not? Descriptive norms and public health compliance: Mediating role of risk perception and moderating effect of behavioral visibility

In a pandemic context, public health events are receiving unprecedented attention, and identifying ways to enhance individual public health compliance behaviors has become an urgent practical problem. Considering that individual decisions are susceptible to group members’ behaviors and that descriptive norms provide social information about the typical behaviors of others, we focused on the effects of the properties and reference groups of descriptive norms on public health compliance behaviors. We also investigated the mechanism with risk perception as a mediator and the applicable condition with behavioral visibility as a moderator. Through a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subject survey experiment with 529 subjects, we demonstrated that (1) compared with the negative norm, the positive norm was more effective in promoting public health compliance behaviors; (2) compared with the distal group norm, the proximal group norm more significantly promoted public health compliance behaviors; (3) the effect of the property of descriptive norms on public health compliance behaviors was weakened in the treatment of the proximal group norm; (4) risk perception partially mediated the association between the property of descriptive norms and public health compliance behaviors and fully mediated the effect of the interaction of the property and the reference group of descriptive norms on public health compliance behaviors; in the treatment of the negative-proximal group norm, individuals perceived more risk, thus effectively nudging their public health compliance behaviors; (5) compared with low-visibility behaviors, public health compliance behaviors were significantly stronger for high-visibility behaviors; (6) the property of descriptive norms had a weaker effect on public health compliance behaviors for low-visibility behaviors. In terms of theoretical significance, we refined the study of descriptive norms to promote the application of behavioral public policy. Moreover, the new model of public health compliance behaviors constructed in this study explains the mechanism and applicable conditions of public health compliance behaviors. In practical terms, this study has implications for designing intervention programs to nudge public health compliance behaviors.
Osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease: A Mendelian randomization study

Objective This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods From a genome-wide association study of European ancestry, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms for two types of OA, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and hip osteoarthritis (HOA), as instrumental variables. We evaluated three types of CVD: coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke. We used the traditional inverse variance weighting (IVW) method and other methods to estimate causality. Heterogeneity and sensitivity tests were also applied. Finally, we conducted a MR analysis in the opposite direction to investigate reverse causality. Results IVW analysis showed that HOA significantly affected the incidence of HF [odds ratio (OR): 1.0675; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0182–0.1125, P = 0.0066]. HOA significantly affected the incidence of stroke (OR: 1.1368; 95% CI: 1.0739–1.2033, P = 9.9488e-06). CHD could dramatically affect the incidence of KOA (OR: 0.9011; 95% CI: 0.8442–0.9619, P = 0.0018). The rest of the results were negative. Conclusions Our results revealed a potential causal relationship between HOA and risk of HF, and a potential causal relationship between HOA and risk of stroke. Our findings also suggested that CHD has a significant causal relationship with the risk of KOA. This paper may provide new ideas for the treatment of OA and CVD.
Training-Free Neural Matte Extraction for Visual Effects

Alpha matting is widely used in video conferencing as well as in movies, television, and social media sites. Deep learning approaches to the matte extraction problem are well suited to video conferencing due to the consistent subject matter (front-facing humans), however training-based approaches are somewhat pointless for entertainment videos where varied subjects (spaceships, monsters, etc.) may appear only a few times in a single movie – if a method of creating ground truth for training exists, just use that method to produce the desired mattes. We introduce a training-free high quality neural matte extraction approach that specifically targets the assumptions of visual effects production. Our approach is based on the deep image prior, which optimizes a deep neural network to fit a single image, thereby providing a deep encoding of the particular image. We make use of the representations in the penultimate layer to interpolate coarse and incomplete "trimap" constraints. Videos processed with this approach are temporally consistent. The algorithm is both very simple and surprisingly effective.
General relativistic models for rotating magnetized neutron stars in conformally flat space–time

The extraordinary energetic activity of magnetars is usually explained in terms of dissipation of a huge internal magnetic field of the order of $10^{15-16}$G. How such a strong magnetic field can originate during the formation of a neutron star is still subject of active research. An important role can be played by fast rotation: if magnetars are born as millisecond rotators dynamo mechanisms may efficiently amplify the magnetic field inherited from the progenitor star during the collapse. In this case, the combination of rapid rotation and strong magnetic field determine the right physical condition not only for the development of a powerful jet driven explosion, manifesting as a gamma ray burst, but also for a copious gravitational waves emission. Strong magnetic fields are indeed able to induce substantial quadrupolar deformations in the star. In this paper we analyze the joint effect of rotation and magnetization on the structure of a polytropic and axisymmetric neutron star, within the ideal magneto-hydrodynamic regime. We will consider either purely toroidal or purely poloidal magnetic field geometries. Through the sampling of a large parameter space, we generalize previous results in literature, inferring new quantitative relations that allow for a parametrization of the induced deformation, that takes into account also the effects due to the stellar compactness and the current distribution. Finally, in the case of purely poloidal field, we also discuss how different prescriptions on the surface charge distribution (a gauge freedom) modify the properties of the surrounding electrosphere and its physical implications.
Modelling strategic planning practices considering socially vulnerable groups in smart cities

Governments have continuously undertaken enormous efforts in adopting of smart projects based on the intensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to reform city governance model into a more collaborative and participative ones. Multiple style of smart initiatives has been developed, many of them lack clear strategic planning processes and effective planning tools leading to produce operational inefficiency and fragmented services. All this could harm the achievement of a more inclusive society which is one of the key ambitions of the information society policy. In this respect, this paper identifies patters of public strategies in the strategic initiative approaches in SCs using inequalities attributes as drivers of the process. To achieve this aim, this research is focused on the Spanish context and concretely on 1,635 smart initiatives disclosed on internet by 12 Spanish SCs. Finding reveals that formal strategic planning processes are undertaken in smart cities with greater inclusion profile.
Pulling together to edit shared online documents: Self-organized collective coproduction of citizens in emergency management in China

Abstract: This research analyzed four cases of citizen-networked coproduction during crises in China. In all four cases, coproduction activities emerge as self-organized collective actions enabled by shared online documents as a digital collaboration tool. This paper attempts to answer two questions: (1) Why does collective coproduction based on digital tools occur during crises? (2) How could coproduction improve public services during crises? This research proposed an analytical framework based on public service capabilities. The paper finds that the lack of government capacity under a run on public services in emergency provides fundamental context for coproduction, and individual actions triggered by perceptions on problems and group participations based on common goals bring the occurrence of collective coproduction, while digital technology acts as an enabler for collective coproduction to take place. The paper also identifies that coproduction improves government services in two ways: on one hand, it improves the density and quality of information, reduces information asymmetry, and improves service efficiency by acting as information intermediaries; on the other hand, it increases the overall service supply by supplementing government services.
Gaia view of low-mass star formation

Abstract Understanding how young stars and their circumstellar disks form and evolve is key to explain how planets form. The evolution of the star and the disk is regulated by different processes, both internal to the system or related to their environment. The former include accretion of material onto the central star, wind emission, and photoevaporation of the disk due to high-energy radiation from the central star. These are best studied spectroscopically, and the distance to the star is a key parameter in all these studies. Here we present new estimates of the distance to a complex of nearby star-forming clouds obtained combining TGAS distances with measurement of extinction on the line of sight. Furthermore, we show how we plan to study the effects of the environment on the evolution of disks with Gaia, using a kinematic modelling code we have developed to model young star-forming regions.
Digital Government Interoperability and Data Exchange Platforms: Insights from a Twenty Country Comparative Study

To build a digital government, interoperability and data exchange are essential, this is often facilitated by a specific platform - a government interoperability and data exchange platform. However, the research into such platforms, their theorization and conceptualization, structure, and core technical makeup is scant. This paper makes initial contributions to this area of research and creates knew knowledge about these government interoperability and data exchange platforms by conducting a twenty country comparative case study. This paper makes a number of important contributions: it offers a new conceptualization of these platforms; offers new insights into their structure, form, and governance; identifies critical building blocks for the future of these platforms; and highlights a number of important areas for future research.