Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Fightin’ Words: Feature Selection Using an Informed Dirichlet Model

Selecting textual features that distinguish between documents written by different authors or groups of authors is an important task in the analysis of social and political texts. The natural language processing literature is rich with methods for feature selection (Manning et al., 2008), but not all of these are speciﬁcally tailored to social science applications. Monroe et al. (2008) introduce a set of feature selection methods that are tailored to the political science domain, but gloss over a number of important details, and do not provide a working implementation. This document provides an annotated description of the informed Dirichlet model for lexical feature selection presented in Monroe et al. (2008, sections 3.3.1–3.5.1), and accompanies a working implementation of several feature selection methods 1 . The goal of the informed Dirichlet model is to identify meaningful words that distinguish between documents written/spoken by two or more groups. The authors go through a lot of different approaches to try to get at the meaningful words that (in their example) distinguish between Democrat and Republican views on abortion. They settle on a Dirichlet model for selecting these top words, and consider two priors: and informed Dirichlet, and a Laplace prior. The Laplace prior model is quite complex and difﬁcult to ﬁt, and does not provide noticeably improved performance over the informed Dirichlet model according to the authors, so I focus on the informed Dirichlet model in this document. Below I describe the generative process for corpus term counts from Monroe et al. (2008, section 3.3), discuss feature evaluation under this model, and illustrate with some output.
Language Teaching Research

This study scrutinized the effects of words’ superiority, regularity, frequency and length on the intermediate and advanced EFL learner's visual word recognition. Moreover, it attempted to check whether each of these parameters could be statistically a significant predictor on recognition tasks. Accordingly, 118 intermediate and 127 advanced adult EFL learners were selected randomly from English Language Institutes based on their performance on the McMillan Placement Test (MPT). The needed data was collected through a developed Visual Word Recognition Test (WORT) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The findings indicated that all the mentioned factors significantly affected both the intermediate and the advanced EFL learners’ overall word recognition by varying degrees (words’ frequency, length, superiority and regularity, respectively), however, the advanced learners’ recognition was generally faster on both recognition tests. Moreover, words' regularity was found to play a more effective role for the intermediates than the advanced learners on recognition tasks. Furthermore, words’ frequency, regularity and length were found to be proper predictors on comprehension tasks.
Numeracy Numeracy

Abstract The role of dominant discourse in constructing a deficit view of adult numeracy is examined, using reports from recent international surveys of adult skills as illustrative examples. Social practice theory is introduced as an alternative perspective for examining the ways adults actually use numeracy in their daily lives and work. This perspective suggests the test items used by large-scale surveys such as PIACC are only proxies for real-life numeracy skills, and that performance in such tests may misrepresent the numeracy skills of adults. Instead, social practice theory suggests that adults may have informal, situated numeracy practices that serve them adequately in their daily lives. However, it also draws attention to the difficulty of transferring mathematics from the classroom to everyday numeracy situations, while it recognizes that adult numeracy learners may be motivated by other goals than functional numeracy, such as personal fulfillment or a gateway qualification. Alternative approaches to classroom teaching for adult students are suggested which acknowledge and draw on adults’ rich and varied experiences; the challenges and tensions of such approaches are explored.
The Greek-Turkish rivalry: A Bayesian VAR approach

The ongoing Greek-Turkish antagonism has triggered the interest of defense economists to explore whether the two nations are engaged in an arms race. The issues that divide them are complex and rooted in years of conflict and mutual distrust. However, efforts to resolve their disputes have so far been unsuccessful, and rapprochements have invariably been short-lived. Following gas discoveries in the eastern Mediterranean, the states nearly came to blows in 2020 and enacted military expansion plans, further risking escalation. Since empirical studies examining the relationship between their military expenditures do not offer common answers, we use a novel Bayesian technique applied to VAR models to investigate the possible interdependence between four different proxies of the states’ physical arms build -up. Based on an annual dataset running from 1960 to 2020, we find that a shock in a country’s military expenditure does not have an impact on the opponent’s spending . Thus, in distinction to those focusing on the costly maintenance of strategic balance, it is important that these rivals strengthen their cooperation and jointly contribute to the advancement of peace and economic development across the entire area.
Modelling Fully-Dielectric Metamaterials for OAM Generation

—The presented study introduces a semi-analytical circuit model to fully characterize a dielectric unit cell structure made by blocks instead of applying the effective medium theory. A fitting strategy os used to a obtain a better understanding of the properties of the unit cell. Then, the approach is used to develop a semi-analytical model, demonstrating a good agreement with the scattering parameters extracted from a full-wave simulator. By tuning the dielectric material, our model can describe the behaviour of unit cells with different permittivities and electrical sizes. Finally, as an application for the analyzed dielectric unit cells, transmitarrays to generate orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves are designed and 3D-printed. The measured results show good performance for different number of OAM modes at 31 GHz.
Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University

Metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise training has long been established as an e ff ective means to directly restore skeletal muscle glucose and lipid uptake and metabolism. However, in addition to the direct e ff ects of skeletal muscle on glucose and lipids, there is renewed interest in the ability of skeletal muscle to coordinate metabolic activity of other tissues, such as adipose tissue and liver. The purpose of this study was to examine the e ff ects of endurance exercise on the expression level of two novel muscle-derived secreted factors, or myokines, Myonectin and Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), the precursor for Irisin. Methods. We performed immunoblot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Myonectin and FNDC5 in the diaphragm muscles of obese Zucker rat (OZR) and lean Zucker rat (LZR) with 9 weeks of aerobic training on a motorized treadmill. Results. We show that myonectin gene expression is increased in the OZR model of obesity and decreases with exercise in both lean and obese Zucker rats. Conversely, myonectin protein concentration was elevated with exercise. Similarly, FNDC5 mRNA levels are significantly higher in the OZR, however exercise training
Are There Fundamental Limitations in Supporting Vector Data Management in Relational Databases? A Case Study of PostgreSQL

—High-dimensional vector data is gaining increasing importance in data science applications. Consequently, various database systems have recently been developed to manage vector data. These systems can be broadly categorized into two types: specialized and generalized vector databases. Specialized vector databases are explicitly designed and optimized for storing and querying vector data, while generalized vector databases support vector data management within a relational database like PostgreSQL. It is expected (and conﬁrmed by our experiments) that generalized vector databases exhibit slower performance. However, it is not clear whether there are fundamental limitations (or just implementation issues) for relational databases to support vector data management . This paper aims to answer this question. We chose PostgreSQL as a representative relational database due to its popularity. We focused on PASE, as it is a high-performance and open-sourced PostgreSQL-based vector database. We analyzed the source code of PASE and compared its performance with Faiss, a high-performance and open-sourced specialized vector database, to identify the underlying root causes of the performance gap and analyze how to bridge the gap. Based on our results, we provide insights and directions for building a future generalized vector database that can achieve comparable performance to a high-performance specialized vector database.
Evaluation of performance dwarf (dw/dw, dw/-) gene lines under

Naked neck and dwarf gene lines which were under 10\\/ intensity of selection for 6-\veek body weight for 11 generations, were utilized in the present study. The body 'N'eight at 6 weeks in 11 generations since 1995-96 to 2005-06 ranged between 798 and] 217 g in naked neck gene line and 601 and 834 g in dwarf gene line. No definite phenotypic trend in gain in body weight was observed over generations in both the lines. Phenotypic response in 6-week body weight was -15.48±11.12 g in naked neck and -8.97±6.59 g in dwarf gene line, which \vere nonsignificant. Genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth and production of 11th generation were analysed. The average body weight at 4 week and 6-week, respectively were 467.30±0.67 g and 877.60±0.10 g in naked neck and 258.55±0.66 g and 607.32±0.12 g, respectively, in dwarf gene line (SII generation). Heritability estilnates (h 2 S) of 4-week and 6-week body weight, respectively, were 0.16 ± 0.08 and 0.06 ± 0.05 in naked neck and 0.16 ± 0.09 and 0.13 ± 0.08 in dwarf. Genetic (r g) and phenotypic (r p) correlations between these 2 traits were O.56±0.33 and 0.42 in naked neck and 0.45±0.44 and 0.57 in dwad·. The average production performance of ASM~ 20-week body weight, 40-week body weight, 28-week egg weight, 32-week egg weight, 40-week egg weight and 40-week egg production were 175.81±O.09 d, 2349.15±2.15 g,3 157.90±2.23 g, 53.46±O.02 g, 57.58±0.02 g, 61.45±0.03 g and 62.60 eggs ±O.14, respectively, in naked neck and 151.50 d ± 0.05,2 103.98 g ± 2.80,2562.93 g± 0.79,48.94 g ± 0.01, 52.32 g ± 0.01,56.54 g ± 0.01 and 59.30eggs ± 0.08, respectively, in dwarf. In naked neck the heritability estimates from sire component were high for majoIity of the traits, while in dwarf the heritability estimates of the traits fronl sire cOlllponent were low except for egg weights at 28 and 32 weeks of age, which were high. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between different combinations of traits varied in different directions and magnitude in both lines.
A GIS-based territorial model for energy balance evaluation of corn-to-ethanol process: an Italian case study

A territorial analysis was carried out to provide the main elements of agricultural land use planning for a bioethanol production chain. A model was developed at a regional level in a GIS environment where the land use map of Emilia-Romagna region was integrated with alphanumerical data on the energy inputs and outputs related to corn production. A simulation was done converting part of the areas previously cultivated with sugar beet and vacated by the sugar industry sector reorganization to the cultivation of corn for bioethanol production. Data allows to foresee the location of two ethanol plants in the Emilia-Romagna region. An energy analysis was carried out on a territorial base to highlight the energy expense due to corn production, transportation and processing into ethanol. Energy balances were calculated for each single supply area as the ratio of output/input, considering coproducts energy credit as part of the energy output. Energy balances vary in a small range of 1.15443 1.16576 according to supply areas and corn yields.
Growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) an influenced by levels of phosphorus with PSB+VAM seed inoculation

A Field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2015 at crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Allahabad (U.P) to study the effect of levels of phosphorus with VAM and PSB on growth and yield of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). The treatments comprised of nine treatments, consisting of three phosphorus levels (40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) and seed inoculation with which was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications, in a plot size of 4 x 3 m with a spacing of 60 cm x 30 cm. The result revealed that the treatment T6 (60 kg ha-1of phosphorus + RSB + VAM) produced significantly higher plant dry weight (51.72 g), grain yield (4955.67 kg ha-1), harvest index (40%) and B:C Ratio (1.41) in hybrid maize cultivation.
P-Triple Barrier Labeling: Unifying Pair Trading Strategies and Triple Barrier Labeling Through Genetic Algorithm Optimization

In the ever-changing landscape of finance, the fusion of artificial intelligence (AI)and pair trading strategies has captured the interest of investors and institutions alike. In the context of supervised machine learning, crafting precise and accurate labels is crucial, as it remains a top priority to empower AI models to surpass traditional pair trading methods. However, prevailing labeling techniques in the financial sector predominantly concentrate on individual assets, posing a challenge in aligning with pair trading strategies. To address this issue, we propose an inventive approach that melds the Triple Barrier Labeling technique with pair trading, optimizing the resultant labels through genetic algorithms. Rigorous backtesting on cryptocurrency datasets illustrates that our proposed labeling method excels over traditional pair trading methods and corresponding buy-and-hold strategies in both profitability and risk control. This pioneering method offers a novel perspective on trading strategies and risk management within the financial domain, laying a robust groundwork for further enhancing the precision and reliability of pair trading strategies utilizing AI models.
causes of morbidity and mortality, diminished coping abilities, and neuroendocrine

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlight a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., “If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others”) or potential gains (e.g., “If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others”)? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss-(vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.
Sport and Exercise Psychology, 180 credits Regulatory Focus and Penalty Taking in Handball Sport-and Exercise Psychology, 15

Penalty-taking performance in handball within a self-regulatory focus framework was examined. In a two-independent group design, regulatory framings (either promotion or prevention) were given to participants ( N = 25) prior to penalty-taking. More precisely, Swedish male ( n = 15) and female ( n = 10) players of the third male and second female Swedish Leagues were randomly allocated to shoot three penalties each under either a promotion-framed ( n = 13; M age = 20.77, SD = 3.77 years) or a prevention-framed ( n = 12; M age = 19.25, SD = 2.09 years) condition. Positive and negative affect were measured to assess pre-performance emotional states. Findings showed that promotion–focused individuals performed better in a promotion– framed penalty (i.e. fit) than in a prevention–framed (i.e. mismatch). Moreover, when in regulatory fit, pre-performance positive emotions were reported to be greater than when in mismatch. Findings are discussed in terms of role of fit and emotional states in pressure-performance critical situations.
THE HIDDEN INEQUALITY IN SOCIALISM

In the same time period over which the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia became freer, measured inequality of income for those countries increased. Researchers linked the increase to the egalitarian values of socialism and to the process of economic and political liberalization. We question that link, because we question whether socialism was egalitarian. The inequalities in socialism were hidden but, nevertheless, were real.
Temporal Changes of Largemouth Bass Alleles in a Northern Temporal Changes of Largemouth Bass Alleles in a Northern Arkansas Reservoir Stocked with Florida Bass Arkansas Reservoir Stocked with Florida Bass

Southwest Electric Power Company (SWEPCO) Lake in northwest Arkansas is a thermal cooling pond for the Flint Creek Power Station. This reservoir has been regularly stocked with Florida bass ( Micropterus floridanus ) on top of a pre-existent largemouth bass ( M. salmoides ) population since its creation in 1976. Allozyme analysis of diagnostic loci in 1995-1996 revealed that 62% of the alleles were Florida bass alleles and that most fish were F X hybrids (77%). Microsatellite analysis of diagnostic loci in 2006 revealed that 78% of the alleles were Florida bass alleles and that most fish were F X -Florida hybrid bass (59%), with the remainder designated as Florida bass. The ongoing stocking of Florida bass and the possibility of a selective advantage for Florida bass alleles in a thermal pond may account for these temporal reductions in largemouth bass allele frequencies.
AP. (2018). Compositional, organoleptic, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of muscle from bulls with different growth paths to a common carcass weight. Animal Production Science, 58(10), 1940-1948

The proximate composition, organoleptic quality, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle from suckler bulls (n = 42) assigned to three target indoor winter growth rates (average daily gain of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 kg) were investigated. The feeding regimes to achieve the target average daily gains were 2, 4 and 6 kg concentrate daily, respectively, plus grass silage ad libitum. The duration of the winter feeding period was 123 d after which bulls were turned out to pasture and grazed for 99 d before re-housing and finishing on concentrates ad libitum plus grass silage until they reached a live weight to yield a target carcass weight of 380 kg. The average daily gain during the grazing period was higher ( P < 0.001) for the 0.6 than for the 1.0 and 1.5 average daily gain groups, which did not differ. Proximate composition, collagen content, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre type distribution of the longissimus thoracis muscle were similar ( P > 0.05) between the 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 average daily gain groups. Apart from tenderness, which was rated higher ( P < 0.05) for the 0.6 group than for the 1.0 average daily gain group, the sensory characteristics of the beef were not influenced by the different winter growth rates applied. Overall, restricting the growth rate during winter had little effect on subsequent beef appearance or eating quality.
Adaptive Security in SNARGs via iO and Lossy Functions

We construct an adaptively sound SNARGs in the plain model with CRS relying on the assumptions of (subexponential) indistinguishability obfuscation (iO), subexponential one-way functions and a notion of lossy functions we call length parameterized lossy functions. Length parameterized lossy functions take in separate security and input length parameters and have the property that the function image size in lossy mode depends only on the security parameter. We then show a novel way of constructing such functions from the Learning with Errors (LWE) assumption. Our work provides an alternative path towards achieving adaptively secure SNARGs from the recent work of Waters and Wu [WW24]. Their work required the use of (essentially) perfectly re-randomizable one way functions (in addition to obfuscation). Such functions are only currently known to be realizable from assumptions such as discrete log or factoring that are known to not hold in a quantum setting.
Research Online

Many schools have adopted relational approaches to attend to the social context in which learning transpires. More recently however, such approaches and their supporters have been criticized for not examining the school context in its entirety and the student experience within this context. The current research sought to critically explore young adolescents’ experiences within the context of their school. Fifteen year seven students in an Australian primary school were interviewed about their experiences of their school context. The data were analysed using a thematic analysis and a question-ordered matrix was constructed to aid the detection of themes and sub-themes from the data. Three major themes were identified as a result. These included: the people within the school context, the social roles of the adolescents’, and the values the school espouses. These findings suggest that there are a number of factors in addition to relational aspects within the school context that impact on young adolescents. This exploratory qualitative study offers a ‘counter adult-centric’ view of young adolescents’ experiences within their school. It also illustrates the potential value in transforming the school context to provide opportunities to experience influence, responsibility, self-determination, meaningful participation and community within the school.
Studies in Educational Management

The statement of NCES on its website that "extracurricular activities (ECAs) provide a channel for reinforcing the lessons learned in the classroom, offering students the opportunity to apply academic skills in a real-world context, and are thus considered part of a well-rounded education" has further consolidated the significance of this component in a school's curriculum development. No matter how important these activities are, they have seemingly not received due attention and investment from universities in Vietnam. This study was conducted at four universities in Vietnam to examine the perceptions of three stakeholders, namely administrators, teachers, and students about ECAs. Survey questionnaires and informal interviews were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse quantitative data while qualitative data were approached by deductive content analysis. Major findings reveal both matches and mismatches in the perceptions of the participants, and there was an association between the encouragement of extracurricular activities and students' engagement as well as improvement in their academic performance; however, an unwelcome fact remained regarding students' participation rate, teachers’ belief, and administrators' engagement.