Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size Matters: Trap Size Primarily Determines Prey Spectra Differences Among Sympatric Species of Carnivorous Sundews

Even though carnivorous plants (CPs) are a popular focus of ecological research, surprisingly few studies have investigated their prey spectra (the number and composition of captured prey). This knowledge gap has important implications for our understanding of sympatric speciation processes in CPs and may potentially hinder effective conservation and ecological restoration efforts. We applied a novel photography-based analysis method to characterize the in situ prey spectra of eight species from Drosera sect. Arachnopus, including five species that were studied across multiple populations in northern Australia. The prey spectra of all studied species predominantly comprised of flying insects, with small Nematocera (Diptera) being the most common prey group across all species. While the prey spectra of most species varied significantly among locations, differences in prey spectra among sympatric species were most strongly determined by trap size. The number of prey captured per plant and per centimeter of trapping leaf was strongly associated with increasing leaf length, and species with larger trapping leaves also captured comparatively greater numbers of large prey items than species producing smaller trapping leaves. Although niche segregation in prey spectra was not observed at any of the study sites, at one location D. fragrans (a species producing a strong, honey-like scent from trapping leaves) was found to capture significantly more winged Hymenoptera than the unscented sympatric D. aquatica, potentially indicating selective prey attraction in D. fragrans. Small species (such as D. nana) captured a disproportionally low amount of prey, despite being relatively widespread over large areas of northern Australia. Results indicate that carnivory may not have been a primary driver of diversification in D. sect. Arachnopus.
Kinesin-Binding Protein (KBP) buffers the activity of KIF18A and KIF15 in mitosis to ensure accurate chromosome segregation

Mitotic kinesins must be regulated to ensure a precise balance of spindle forces and accurate segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. Here we demonstrate that Kinesin-Binding Protein (KBP) reduces the activity of KIF18A and KIF15 during metaphase. Overexpression of KBP disrupts the movement and alignment of mitotic chromosomes and decreases spindle length, a combination of phenotypes observed in cells deficient for KIF18A and KIF15, respectively. We show through gliding filament and microtubule co-pelleting assays that KBP directly inhibits KIF18A and KIF15 motor activity by preventing microtubule-binding. Consistent with these effects, the mitotic localizations of KIF18A and KIF15 are altered by overexpression of KBP. Cells depleted of KBP exhibit lagging chromosomes in anaphase, an effect that is recapitulated by KIF15 and KIF18A overexpression. Based on these data, we propose a model in which KBP acts as a protein buffer in mitosis, protecting cells from excessive KIF18A and KIF15 activity to promote accurate chromosome segregation. SUMMARY Kinesin-Binding Protein (KBP) is identified as a regulator of the kinesins KIF18A and KIF15 during mitosis. KBP buffers the activity of these motors to control chromosome alignment and spindle integrity in metaphase and prevent lagging chromosomes in anaphase.
Analysis of the Dividend Policy Decision-Making Mechanism of Chinese and Taiwanese Lithium Battery Industries

This study mainly focuses on the mechanisms and influencing factors of formulating dividend policies in the Chinese and Taiwanese lithium battery industries. According to the relevant literature, enterprises should consider financial status, project operations, the decision preferences of their executives, and shareholder equity when drawing up dividend policies. This study first uses the Modified Delphi Approach to set up the hierarchy analysis structure, and then use the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process for the study method. From the empirical results, this study finds that there exist differences between Chinese and Taiwanese lithium battery manufacturing supply chains, in terms of the process and considered factors when making decisions regarding dividend policies. The empirical results of the study show that dividend policies of Chinese lithium battery manufacturers emphasize more on the future growth of enterprises, earnings expectation and retained earnings, investment decisions, enterprise scale, and operating performance and profit whereas Taiwanese lithium battery manufacturers focus more on information asymmetry.
Building-up succession planning program by implementing transformational leadership characteristics: The case of public universities in Terengganu, Malaysia

Building up the next successful leader thru inadequate succession planning will have a huge impact on the higher institution, and without a good plan in place, the journey forward for the higher institution will be unclear and will lead to many structural challenges. Often higher institution also grapples with the challenge of having a succession blueprint for other senior-level roles. One way to achieve this is for management to redefine their relationship with the subordinate by assuming the role of leader as opposed to the role of teaching providers. As our theoretical understanding of succession planning is still limited; therefore, this study attempts to explore the relationship between leadership characteristics and succession planning programs in public universities in Terengganu Malaysia. We identify dimensions of idealizing influence, motivational, individualize, and intellectual stimulation that reflect quantitative approaches for employee’s perspectives in implementing succession planning. The quantitative research design was employed by distributing survey questionnaires to 300 respondents from three public universities in Terengganu, Malaysia. Overall, this study provided support to the proposition succession planning and leadership characteristic and filled the research gaps. Idealized Influence and Intellectual Stimulation are the most dominant dimensions that affect the implementation of succession planning programs. The results offered several hints to the employees regarding the potential factors that may affect to achieve career success and provided some insights into the present Human Resources practitioners in formulating strategies to make succession planning success.
PEAL

Approximate computing has emerged as an efficient design approach for applications with inherent error resilience. Low-power approximate adders (LPAAs), for instance, IMPACT and InXA, are being advocated as building blocks for approximate computing hardware. For their practical adoption, the error caused by these units needs to be pre-evaluated and compared with maximum allowable error bounds for an application. To address this problem, we present PEAL, a Probabilistic error analysis methodology for Low-power Approximate Single and Multi-layered Adder Architectures, while considering variable probabilities for each bit of input operands for a given multi-bit adder design. PEAL is highly generic, linearly scalable, and applicable to any adder type. The analysis provides probability of success, which is accurate for single-layered adder architectures and provides a lower bound for multi-layered architectures. We have shown that state-of-the-art LPAAs can serve as effective building blocks of approximate computing only when the input probabilities are either very high (>0.8) or very low (<0.2). Interestingly, none of the state-of-the-art LPAA units, which to the best of our knowledge are the most widely adopted, has demonstrated effectiveness for mid-range probabilities (0.3–0.7). We have also analytically explained the cause of this usability limitation and proposed its solution. Moreover, we have proposed a method for estimating the Mean-squared Error of datapaths composed of LPAAs, to quantify the magnitude of error introduced in the output due to approximation of the adder units.
Efeito de doses subletais de permetrina no predador Supputius cincticeps (Stål, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

x 1. INTRODUÇÃO . 1 2. LITERATURA CITADA. 7 Efeito de Doses Subletais de Permetrina em Algumas Características Biológicas do Predador Supputius cincticeps (Stål, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). 14 RESUMO . 14 ABSTRACT. 15. 15 INTRODUÇÃO . 16 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS. 18 RESULTADOS. 20 DISCUSSÃO. 21 LITERATURA CITADA. 25
SEX DIFFERENCES IN ESTRADIOL SIGNALING IN THE ZEBRA FINCH (TAENIOPYGIA GUTATTA) AUDITORY CORTEX

Estradiol can act as a neuromodulator in brain regions important for cognition and sensory processing. Estradiol can also shape sex differences, but rarely have these two concepts been considered simultaneously. In both male and female songbirds, estradiol rapidly increases within the auditory forebrain during song exposure and enhances local auditory processing. I tested whether GPER1, a membrane bound estrogen receptor, is necessary and sufficient for neuroestrogen regulation of forebrain auditory processing in both male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). At baseline, I observed a robust sex difference in single-neuron responses to songs. Specifically, in males only, narrow-spiking neurons (NS) carried more auditory information than broad-spiking neurons (BS). Following acute inactivation of GPER1, auditory responsiveness and coding were suppressed in male NS, yet unchanged in female NS, and also unchanged in BS of both sexes. By contrast, GPER1 activation did not mimic previously-established actions of estradiol in either sex. Lastly, the expression of GPER1 and its coexpression with the inhibitory neuron marker GAD67 were similarly abundant in males and females. To my knowledge, this is the first description in any organism of: 1) a role for GPER1 in regulating sensory processing, and 2) a sex difference in auditory processing of complex vocalizations in a cell-type specific manner. These results reveal sex-specificity in rapid estrogen signaling,
EXAMINATION OF THE TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS' GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY PERCEPTIONS AND SOURCES OF SPORTS MOTIVATION

This study aims to examine the Turkish Table Tennis Super League elite players’ general self-efficacy perceptions and motivation sources. The sample of research consist of 66 male (69,5%) and 29 female (30,5%) participants who are participated voluntarily among national players at the Turkish Table Tennis Super League in 2019. In the research, the “Sports Motivation Scale” and “General Self-Efficacy Scale” are applied as a data gathering instruments in the research. The relations between variables are tested with factor analysis, correlation analysis and SEM Partial Least Squares. The results of this study have shown that sub-dimensions of intrinsic (β: 0,321, p<0,05), introjected (β: 0,314, p<0,05), integrated (β: 0,271, p<0,05) and identified (β: 0,327, p<0,05) have a positive and significant effects on self-efficacy. On the other hand, amotivated (β: -0,230, p<0,05) sub-dimension has a negative effect on self-efficacy. Moreover, the findings do not support the existence of a statistically significant relationship between general self-efficacy and external (β:0,504, p<0,05) which is one of the sport motivation sub-dimension. In conclusion, these findings show that the belief of self-efficacy as players’ motivation and performance increases. It is important that trainers and club managers know ways to increase the general self-efficacy perceptions of players. Trainers can increase their general self-efficacy beliefs thanks to teaching them enriched with new training techniques, psychological support and creating effective learning environments.
Parametric decay instabilities near the second-harmonic upper hybrid resonance in fusion plasmas

Parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) lead to the generation of strong frequency-shifted radiation when powerful X-mode polarized microwaves, injected for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of fusion plasmas, cross a region of non-monotonic electron density near the second-harmonic upper hybrid resonance (UHR). For the standard second-harmonic X-mode ECRH scenarios used at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, the second-harmonic UHR occurs near the plasma edge, meaning that PDIs occur in connection with phenomena leading to non-monotonic edge electron density profiles, e.g. blobs, edge-localized modes (ELMs), and inter-ELM modes. We present the first study of strong signals near half the ECRH frequency in fusion-relevant plasmas and demonstrate their PDI-like features, such as an ECRH power threshold required for their occurrence, through analog modulations of the ECRH power. The signals near half the ECRH frequency are found to be far more prevalent than expected based on previous theories, and we hence present a qualitative explanation of their origin, in terms of cross-polarized microwaves generated through non-linear interactions of the waves involved in the PDIs, which captures the basic features of the experimental observations. We additionally present examples of the PDI-related microwave signals just below the ECRH frequency which indicate the location of the microwave source. Furthermore, based on a non-linear magnetohydrodynamics simulation of an ELM crash in ASDEX Upgrade, performed using the JOREK code, the duration of the PDI-like microwave spikes observed in connection with ELMs is shown to match the transit time of an ELM filament though an ECRH beam. Finally, the PDI power threshold expected theoretically, calculated using the electron density and temperature profiles from the JOREK simulation, is shown to match the experimentally observed values.
Length–weight relationships of nine rarely occurring carangids in the northern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan

Summary In this paper, we document length–weight relationships (LWRs) for nine rarely occurring carangids, opportunistically sampled form commercial catches between 2012 and 2015 being fished from the northern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan. After confirmation in the FishBase database all nine species Alectis indica (25), Alepes melanoptera (20), Alepes vari (22), Atropus Atropos (25), Carangoides praeustus (50), Seriolina nigrofasciata (21), Trachinotus blochi (30), Trachinotus mokalee (34) and Uraspis uraspis (17) found no LWRs previously documented. The slope values for species presented range from 2.44 to 2.93, intercepts 0.0001–0.048, coefficient of determination 0.89–0.99, and confidence intervals for slopes and intercepts of each species calculated. The LWRs data of nine species would be added in the FishBase database, and provide underlying biological data to the regional biologist for further exploration of these species.
The cellular functions of the microprocessor complex

The microprocessor is a complex comprising the RNase III enzyme Drosha and the double-stranded RNAbinding protein DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 gene) that catalyses the nuclear step of miRNA (microRNA) biogenesis. DGCR8 recognizes the RNA substrate, whereas Drosha functions as an endonuclease. Recent global analyses of microprocessor and Dicer proteins have suggested novel functions for these components independent of their role in miRNA biogenesis. A HITS-CLIP (high-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation) experiment designed to identify novel substrates of the microprocessor revealed that this complex binds and regulates a large variety of cellular RNAs. The microprocessor-mediated cleavage of several classes of RNAs not only regulates transcript levels, but also modulates alternative splicing events, independently of miRNA function. Importantly, DGCR8 can also associate with other nucleases, suggesting the existence of alternative DGCR8 complexes that may regulate the fate of a subset of cellular RNAs. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the diverse functional roles of the microprocessor. Introduction miRNAs (microRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length that negatively regulate the expression of complementary mRNAs. The mechanism of miRNA-mediated inhibition of gene expression operates at the level of mRNA stability and/or inhibition of translation [1]. miRNAs have diverse unique expression patterns and are involved in developmental and differentiation processes in animals, regulating a wide variety of cellular pathways [2]. It is becoming increasingly clear that miRNA biogenesis and function has to be tightly controlled and that aberrant miRNA expression can lead to the progression of human disease [3]. In the present article, we review the biogenesis pathway of miRNAs, with a particular emphasis on the recent discovery of non-canonical functions for the microprocessor. miRNA biogenesis Mammalian miRNAs are embedded in long pri-miRNAs (primary miRNAs), which are independent transcription units or can alternatively be located within introns of pre-mRNAs (precursor mRNAs). They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and processing of pri-miRNAs by subsequent nuclear and cytoplasmic processing events gives rise to mature miRNAs. The nuclear step is catalysed by the microprocessor complex, comprising Drosha and its partner DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8 gene)
A novel approach for studying programmed cell death in living plant tissues

(14/08/2019) A novel approach for studying programmed cell death in living plant tissues Programmed cell death (PCD) is a highly regulated process in which cells are killed as part of developmental programmes or as defence mechanisms against pathogens, but the process is less well understood in plant cells compared to animal cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in PCD in plants, but the relationship between and mechanisms behind ROS and PCDhas not yet been fully elucidated due to the involvement of complex signalling networks. Elucidation of these mechanisms and signalling pathways will allow manipulation of cell death in plants, which could help to improve yield and quality of crops and thus contribute to solving the increasing food demands of the planet. Examples of this could be the development of cultivars with enhanced and/or faster response to pathogen attacks, or cultivars with increased grain filling and hence increased starch content through delayed cell death of the endosperm. The barley aleurone layer is a generally accepted model system for studying phytohormone signalling, enzyme secretion, and PCD during seed germination. However, two main issues affect PCD-related research in the barley aleurone layer: Firstly, the current knowledge about ROS signaling and the cellular redox environment in aleurone layers undergoing PCD is mainly based on analyses of cell extracts, which do not evaluate the overall cellular redox environment in intact plant cells. Secondly, analyses based on cell extracts are end-point measurements, which are limited by the fact that each analysis is performed on a different pool of samples, as each tissue sample or population of cells can only be analysed at a single time point. This is of great importance for studies of time-dependent processes such as PCD, as time course experiments can be affected by biological and experimental diversity between independent samples, which could distort the interpretation of the results. Time course experiments on the same tissue or population of cells can be enabled by the use of assays that do not destroy cellular integrity, which could also facilitate the combination of multiple assays. However, time course studies with analysis of multiple parameters using different detection techniques remain challenging, as the different assays under consideration may be incompatible, and some assays may affect the plant tissue and therefore influence the outcome of simultaneous or subsequent analyses.
Tet1 Deficiency Leads to Aberrant Maintenance of Stemness in Normal and Neoplastic Brain Cells

Glioblastoma is the deadliest adult malignant brain tumour, having a dismal prognosis even with the best therapeutic options available. Glioblastoma has been shown to be hierarchically organized with a stem-like cell at the apex, known as the cancer stem cell, having the ability to self-renew and give rise to more differentiated progeny that make up the bulk of the tumour tissue. Although its behavior atop a hierarchically structured tissue is reminiscent of the role of a neural stem cell in brain development, the functional processes that the cancer stem cell undergoes to produce tumour bulk are poorly understood. In this thesis, I strive to understand what the necessary genetic factors are for a cancer stem cell to switch from a selfrenewing state to a more differentiated state. First, I use an unbiased screening approach in a collection of >1300 mouse embryonic stem cells to comprehensively investigate the effect of mono-allelic genetic loss across the genome, on neurogenesis in vitro. Second, I follow up on a screen hit region of mouse chromosome 10 by using CRISRP-Cas9 targeted mutant embryonic stem cells to confirm that the epigenetic modifier Tet1 is necessary for the consolidation of neuronal differentiation from neural stem cells. Lastly, I use this data as a model and apply it to glioblastoma biology in which TET1 is found hemizygous in >85% of
The reliability and validity of novel clinical strength measures of the upper body in older adults

Introduction Research investigating psychometric properties of multi-joint upper body strength assessment tools for older adults is limited. This study aimed to assess the test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of novel clinical strength measures assessing functional concentric and eccentric pushing activities compared to other more traditional upper limb strength measures. Methods Seventeen participants (6 males and 11 females; 71 ± 10 years) were tested two days apart, performing three maximal repetitions of the novel measurements: vertical push-off test and dynamometer-controlled concentric and eccentric single-arm press. Three maximal repetitions of hand-grip dynamometry and isometric hand-held dynamometry for shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction and elbow extension were also collected. Results For all measures, strong test–retest reliability was shown (all ICC > 0.90, p < 0.001), root-mean-squared coefficient of variation percentage: 5–13.6%; standard error of mean: 0.17–1.15 Kg; and minimal detectable change (90%): 2.1–9.9. There were good to high significant correlations between the novel and traditional strength measures (all r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Discussion The push-off test and dynamometer-controlled concentric and eccentric single-arm press are reliable and valid strength measures feasible for testing multi-joint functional upper limb strength assessment in older adults. Higher precision error compared to traditional uni-planar measures warrants caution when completing comparative clinical assessments over time.