Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementing Herpetofaunal Inventory and Monitoring Efforts on Corps of Engineers Project Lands

Herpetofaunal species include reptiles and amphibians such as snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators, frogs, and salamanders. These animals are recognized for their valuable contributions to the nation’s natural diversity and their important role in ecological systems. The Corps of Engineers is engaged in increasing efforts to inventory and monitor these animals on project lands because of their sensitivity to human land-use disturbances and contaminants and for legal and regulatory compliance. This technical report provides an overview of standard methods to inventory and monitor these organisms, and summarizes the number and distribution of federal/state listed threatened and endangered reptiles and amphibians documented within seven Corps Divisions and associated Districts. An introduction to setting goals and objectives is provided, followed by brief descriptions of the primary techniques for attaining Level II inventories on Corps of Engineer project lands, or other areas under Corps jurisdiction. The techniques focus on terrestrial and aquatic reptiles and amphibians and include (1) Time/Area-constrained Searches, (2) Road Surveys, (3) Coverboard Arrays, (4) Pitfall traps and Terrestrial Drift Fences, (5) Seining, Dipnetting, and Sweep Samples, (6) Auditory Surveys, and (7) Basking Surveys and Traps. Finally, methods to inventory other notable species, including sea turtles, alligators, and crocodiles are summarized. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR.
Nonvolatile memory cell using a superconducting-ferromagnetic π Josephson junction

Storage of a single magnetic flux quantum in a superconducting loop containing a Josephson junction represents a promising unit cell configuration for construction of a cryogenic memory of superconducting digital circuits. However, application of a DC bias current is required for operation of such a memory cell to maintain trapping of the flux quantum in the storage loop. In this work, we present a superconducting memory cell that uses a superconducting-magnetic π junction. The cell characteristics show flux quantum hysteresis centering at the zero-bias current. We develop a fabrication process that combines superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor (SFS) junctions with superconductor–normal metal–superconductor (SNS) junctions. The critical current density of the SFS junctions shows a 0–π oscillation as a function of the ferromagnetic layer thickness. The formation of the π junction is confirmed further by the flux modulation curves of a superconducting quantum interference device made from SNS junctions with an additional SFS junction.
Market Reactions to the Announcement of China’s Resource Tax Law

ABSTRACT This study employs event study methodology to examine the impacts of China’s Resource Tax Law on corporate firms, from the perspective of stock traders. Our results demonstrate that most sectors experience negative market reactions from 41 to 121 trading days around the announcement rather than immediately. Regarding the determinants of market reactions, we find that research and development (R&D) investments are positively related to cumulative abnormal returns. Moreover, our additional tests show that R&D investments have different impacts on various subsamples. Further, the empirical results remain robust when controlling for potential endogeneity issues.
The Epidemiological Study of Dystonia in Europe (ESDE) Collaborative Group A prevalence study of primary dystonia in eight European countries

There have been few epi- demiological studies of dystonia. Most previous studies have provided estimates based on few cases. A Eu- ropean prevalence study was under- taken to provide more precise rates of dystonia by pooling data from eight European countries. Diagnosed cases were ascertained by adult neurolo- gists with specialist movement disor- der (and botulinum toxin) clinics. The crude annual period prevalence rate (1996-1997) for primary dysto- nia was 152 per million (95 % confi- dence interval 142-162), with focal dystonia having the highest rate of 117 per million (108-126). Preva- lence rates for cervical dystonia, ble- pharospasm and writer's cramp were as follows: 57 (95 % confidence in- terval 51-63), 36 (31-41), and 14 (11-17). The age-adjusted relative rates were significantly higher in women than in men for segmental and focal dystonias with the excep- tion of writer's cramp. Comparing rates between centres demonstrated significant variations for cervical dystonia, blepharospasm and writer's cramp, probably due to methodologi- cal differences. Our results provide the first data on the prevalence of pri- mary dystonia and its subtypes across several European countries. Due to under-ascertainment of cases, our rates should be seen as conservative and an under-estimate of the true prevalence of dystonia.
The Time-Varying Effects of Policies: Evidence from Capital Flows to Emerging Markets

We use a novel approach—instrumental variable quantile regression estimates—to analyze expected portfolio inflows to emerging economies. We consider country-specific conditions and the effectiveness of policy interventions when economies are faced with an adverse international financial shock. This approach allows differentiation between the short- and medium-term impacts. Our results suggest that macroprudential policies and foreign exchange actions may reduce the risks of large capital flow movements following an adverse international shock; however, capital flow management policies such as capital control stringency seem to be ineffective. Besides, there is little evidence that monetary policy and high quality of institutions can immediately protect emerging markets from the risks of international financial shocks. However, institutional quality may effectively dampen the impact of excessive flows in the medium term. These findings emphasize the limitations of previous studies, which focused merely on the short-term horizon.
Capitals, occupational fields and consumption preferences: An analysis of the British family expenditure survey (2009–2016)

Relationships between occupational membership and personal consumption have long been an important area of social analysis. Occupational groups represent important contexts of consumption, where individuals’ advantages and resources are accumulated and often impose reproduction of field-specific practices and patterns of behaviour. Drawing on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of capitals and using the British family expenditure survey, we explore consumption of capital-signalling goods across particular occupational groups within the professional-managerial ‘class’, associated with different capital structures, and demonstrate distinct spending strategies geared to the pursuit of occupational advancement. We examine consumption behaviours for six managerial/professional groups – business professionals; technical professionals; educational professionals; higher, and lower, private sector management; and public sector management. We test whether distinct patterns of ‘capital-signalling’ consumption can be identified and find significant effects of capital composition on presentational, socialization-related and informational expenditure, consistent with our hypotheses. We argue that consumption is a part of the signalling strategy of career agents, and between-occupational contrasts in capital-signalling expenditures are important but overlooked measures of capitals in cultural class analysis. We conclude that granular analysis of consumption patterns is important for revealing differences in accumulation of non-economic capitals across occupational groups, with significant implications for understanding inequality and class divisions.
Pengaruh Debt To Asset Ratio dan Debt To Equity Ratio terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2015-2018

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of debt to asset ratio (DAR) on the financial performance of the company, to know the effect of debt to equity ratio (DER) on the financial performance of the company and to know the effect of debt to asset ratio (DAR) and debt to equity ratio (DER) on the financial performance of automotive companies listed in IDX period 2015-2018. The population in this study was all Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Otomotive Sector as many as 9 companies and a sample of 9 companies with 4 years of observation amounted to 36 samples. The data collection techniques used in this study are documentation. The results showed that debt to asset ratio (DAR) has partially no effect on the Financial Performance of Automotive Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) partially affects the Financial Performance of Automotive Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) simultaneously have an effect and significance on the Financial Performance of Automotive Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a value of R Square of 0.694 or 69.4% which means variations in financial performance are measured by return on equity (ROE) with debt to asset ratio (DAR) And debt to equity ratio (DER) while the remaining 30.6% of other variables not studied by this study , e.g. company size, liquidity of the company and other variables.
Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion with Nanomaterials: A Mini Review

In recent years, the number of articles reporting the addition of nanomaterials to enhance the process of anaerobic digestion has exponentially increased. The benefits of this addition can be observed from different aspects: an increase in biogas production, enrichment of methane in biogas, elimination of foaming problems, a more stable and robust operation, absence of inhibition problems, etc. In the literature, one of the current focuses of research on this topic is the mechanism responsible for this enhancement. In this sense, several hypotheses have been formulated, with the effect on the redox potential caused by nanoparticles probably being the most accepted, although supplementation with trace materials coming from nanomaterials and the changes in microbial populations have been also highlighted. The types of nanomaterials tested for the improvement of anaerobic digestion is today very diverse, although metallic and, especially, iron-based nanoparticles, are the most frequently used. In this paper, the abovementioned aspects are systematically reviewed. Another challenge that is treated is the lack of works reported in the continuous mode of operation, which hampers the commercial use of nanoparticles in full-scale anaerobic digesters.
Nipah Virus Infection Generates Ordered Structures in Cellulo

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus with a fatality rate of up to 92% in humans. While several pathogenic mechanisms used by NiV to counteract host immune defense responses have been described, all of the processes that take place in cells during infection are not fully characterized. Here, we describe the formation of ordered intracellular structures during NiV infection. We observed that these structures are formed specifically during NiV infection, but not with other viruses from the same Mononegavirales order (namely Ebola virus) or from other orders such as Bunyavirales (Junín virus). We also determined the kinetics of the appearance of these structures and their cellular localization at the cellular periphery. Finally, we confirmed the presence of these NiV-specific ordered structures using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), as well as their localization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Herein, we describe a cytopathogenic mechanism that provides a new insight into NiV biology. These newly described ordered structures could provide a target for novel antiviral approaches.
Multi-year assessment of immature bull shark Carcharhinus leucas residency and activity spaces in an expansive estuarine nursery

: Although portions of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida (USA), serve as essential fish habitat for US Atlantic coast bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas , past studies were short-term (days to months) and encompassed only small parts of this expansive estuarine system. In this study, 29 immature bull sharks were tracked in the IRL between Port St. John and Port Salerno, Florida, and in adjacent shelf waters for up to 4 yr using passive acoustic telemetry. Dynamic Brownian bridge movement models showed small daily (50% utilization distribution [UD] = 1.00 km 2 , 95% UD = 4.36 km 2 ) and monthly (50% UD = 4.88 km 2 , 95% UD = 24.67 km 2 ) mean activity spaces that seasonally shifted (October−March) to include adjacent coastal waters. Tracked bull sharks were found to display residency in the IRL and in distinct subregions of the system. Analysis confirmed that bull shark nursery habitat extends south of Sebastian Inlet to Port Salerno, approximately 86 km farther south than previously described, and that adjacent shelf waters, which had not been studied, are important to immature bull sharks during cooler months. This study provides the first multi-year assessment of bull shark space use in the IRL, with improved resolution and over a greater expanse of the system than past studies. These movement data will be important to understanding how young bull sharks may be affected by anthropogenic stressors in this highly impacted lagoonal estuary.
Ownership Structure, Diversification, and Bank Performance: International Evidence

ABSTRACT This research utilizes ultimate controlling shareholders to examine whether ultimate ownership structure (bank, industrial company, mutual fund, financial company, and state) and/or income diversification affect bank performance via a total sample of 6,053 commercial banks in six regions (advanced countries, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Transit countries). First, taking the group of advanced countries for example, banks can increase their profit under the ownership types of banking institution, mutual fund, and financial company, whereas the interaction of income diversity and ownership is negatively linked with bank performance. Second, the ownership types of banking institution and state help reduce banks’ risk taking, but non-interest income diversity is adversely favorable for risk. Third, banks with mutual funds as controlling shareholders exhibit higher risk, while non-interest income diversity mitigates their risk-taking behavior.
Comparison of Chlorhexidine and Hydrogen Peroxide as Preprocedural Mouthrinse during Ultrasonic Scaling: A Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Every year, around 2 million people suffer from hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Aerosols are produced while performing ultrasonic scaling. They are potential source of infection and cross contamination. It can result in spread of several infections including hepatitis, HIV, SARS CoV 2, etc. Preprocedural rinse before scaling is considered an effective measure to reduce the microbial load in aerosols. Materials and Methods: This study was a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial performed on 90 participants diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Random allocation of participants into three groups, i.e., Group-1, Group-2, and Group-3, was done, wherein 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and distilled water (DW) were used, respectively, as preprocedural mouthrinse. The participants of each group were instructed to perform mouthrinse for 60 s before the start of ultrasonic scaling sessions. Blood agar plates were kept at three locations, i.e., operator's chest area, patient's chest area, and assistant's chest area for aerosol collection after scaling. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted for microbiological analysis. Results: Least number of CFUs was found in the CHX group, followed by HP and DW groups. Location wise, the patient's chest area had the highest CFU count and the least was at the assistant's chest area. CFU count between the groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Preprocedural rinse using HP can effectively be used as a method to reduce dental aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling.
Peranan Harga dan Digital Marketing Pada Penjulan Barang di Butik D’Scarpa Shop Medan Sumatera Utara

This study aims to determine the role of price and digital marketing in the D'Scarpa Shop Medan boutique. This type of research is qualitative research, namely research on descriptive research and tends to use analysis. The results of this study, it can be concluded that the price and digital marketing used by D'Scarpa Shop Medan boutique is very important and successful in increasing sales. Prices are set according to the quality of goods, capital goods and the intended market so that they can be affordable by the buyer. Digital marketing used is Instagram social media where sales of the D'Scarpa Shop Medan boutique are 70% via Instagram and sales have increased from 2013 to 2019.
Statistical Power for Detecting Moderation in Partially Nested Designs

Analysis of the differential treatment effects across targeted subgroups and contexts is a critical objective in many evaluations because it delineates for whom and under what conditions particular programs, therapies or treatments are effective. Unfortunately, it is unclear how to plan efficient and effective evaluations that include these moderated effects when the design includes partial nesting (i.e., disparate grouping structures across treatment conditions). In this study, we develop statistical power formulas to identify requisite sample sizes and guide the planning of evaluations probing moderation under two-level partially nested designs. The results suggest that the power to detect moderation effects in partially nested designs is substantially influenced by sample size, moderation effect size, and moderator variance structure (i.e., varies within groups only or within and between groups). We implement the power formulas in the R-Shiny application PowerUpRShiny and demonstrate their use to plan evaluations.
Model of Development of Learning Activities to Promote Mental Health among the Older Adults at Senior Citizens School

This research aimed to develop learning activities in drawing and painting to promote mental health among older adults and to study the results and the satisfaction of the older adults towards learning activities in drawing and painting. The qualitative and quantitative research methods were conducted. The samples consisted of 200 older people, who were members of the senior citizens school in the community, as well as 12 school administrators and related staff who were involved with the activities designed. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, and qualitative data were analyzed by using content analysis. The findings revealed that the process of designing learning activities included three main activities: 1) preparing before learning through hand massage; 2) drawing by using exercise sheets and 3) painting or coloring on designed sheets. The observation results showed most of the older adults showed confidence in drawing and painting, and most of them had fun during drawing and painting activities. The older adults were satisfied with the overall program at the highest level (97%). The experience of learning from the activities indicated that they were happy with the designed learning activities. The outcomes of the designed learning activities support the older adults in terms of potential, value awareness, and self-efficacy.
Stability Analyses of the 1981 San Luis Dam Slide

The 1981 upstream slope failure in San Luis Dam in California, USA, is analyzed for stability and deformations in two- and three-dimensions using continuum-mechanics-based analysis procedures implemented in the computer programs FLAC and FLAC3D. The analysis results (failure surface, factor of safety, and displacements) from the continuum models are in general agreement with the field data. In addition, two-dimensional slope stability analysis results using a modified form of limit-equilibrium-based Spencer’s procedure for variable factor of safety implemented in the computer program SSTAB2 are included. Overall, the analysis results supplement the previously reported failure analyses. The paper serves three primary functions: (1) it documents results of a different analysis of the 1981 San Luis Dam slope failure; (2) it demonstrates the use of 2-D and 3-D continuum models to study the onset of instability, failure surface geometry and location, and permanent displacements associated with slope failures; and (3) it demonstrates the use of variable factor of safety to identify location of instability initiation, and progression of instability in a soil deposit. In addition, the paper demonstrates the benefits of three-dimensional analysis for complex conditions in dam engineering practice.
Physical Treatment Reduces Trypsin Inhibitor Activity and Modifies Chemical Composition of Marama Bean (Tylosema esculentum)

The utility of the marama bean (MB) as an alternative protein source to soybean (SB) can be limited by the high concentration of trypsin inhibitors (TI). The physical treatment of MB has the potential to ameliorate the antinutritional activities of TI and modify other chemical components. Thus, this study investigated the effects of physical treatments on the chemical components and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) of raw MB and SB. The bean substrates were subjected to each of the following treatment methods: (1) room temperature (20–22 °C) soaking for 24 h; (2) electric stove cooking at 100 °C for 10, 20, and 30 min; (3) steam autoclaving at a temperature of 110 °C and pressure of 7 pounds per square inch (psi), as well as a temperature of 121 °C and 7 psi for 5, 15, and 30 min; (4) pre-soaked autoclaving at 110 °C (7 psi) and 121 °C (17 psi) for 5, 15, and 30 min. Treated MB and SB had greater (p < 0.05) crude protein content than untreated samples. All the treatments (except 24 h soaking of MB) reduced (p < 0.05) the TIA and ash content. Marama and SB are similar in protein content, but their amino acids profile and TIA are quite different. Soaking for 24 h was less effective in reducing TIA in MB and SB, compared to the thermal methods, and it was detrimental to the ash and amino acids profile of the two beans. Soaking prior to autoclaving yielded beans with the lowest TI concentrations. In conclusion, thermal methods reduced the TI contents and modified the level of proximate components and amino acids profile of the beans.