Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Social Media Platforms to Enhance the Delivery of a Childbirth Education Program

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a childbirth education program on self-efficacy and state anxiety among first-time Jordanian mothers. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted using pretest/posttest design with 128 low-risk, first-time Jordanian mothers. The experimental group (N = 64) received a childbirth education program, while those in the control group (N = 64) received standard care in antenatal clinics. Data were collected at two different time points: at recruitment and 3 weeks after attending the program. Results: The mean score of the experimental group on outcome expectancy (posttest) (139.91, SD = 15.586) was significantly higher than that of the control group (110.16, SD = 28.33) (F = 72.356, P = .003, partial Eta squared = .37). On the efficacy expectancy, the mean score of the experimental group (133.33, SD = 16.246) was also higher than that of the control group (92.06, SD = 27.07) (F = 144.282, P = .000, partial eta squared = .54). On the state anxiety scale, the mean score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group (F = 89.715, P = .002, partial eta squared = .42). Conclusion: The childbirth education program improved the coping ability of mothers during childbirth and decreased their state of anxiety.
Nutritional quality of five grasses associated to Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr in the high tropic of Colombia

Objective : To evaluate the nutritional quality and acceptability of five cold-climate grasses: Holcus lanatus (L), Bromus catharticus (Vahl) , Festuca arundinacea (Schreb) , Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov (naturalizado), Dactylis glomerata, associated with Lotus uliginosus (Schkuhr) in the high tropic of Colombia. Materials and Methods : The work was conducted in the Marengo Agricultural Center, of the National University of Colombia. A randomized block design was used, with split-plot arrangement. The association and regrowth age of 45 and 70 days was taken into consideration. The nutritional quality of each accession was analyzed: crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility. After one year of establishment, a cafeteria test was carried out with heifers (300 kg of live weight) to calculate the relative acceptability index). Results : Due to their high crude protein content, associated C. clandestinum (naturalized), D. glomerata and F . arundinacea , stood out (p < 0,01), compared with the other grasses and the pure control. In general, all the samples of L. uliginosus showed good nutritional content, with high values of protein (26,5 %) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (68,6 %), especially. Conclusions : The association that showed the highest relative acceptability index was C. clandestinus (naturalized), being also the one with the best CP content and digestibility. F. arundinacea stood out as the promising material for the establishment in associations with legumes, due to its nutritional quality and compatibility with the legume.
Early numerical cognition in deaf and hearing children: Closer than expected?

Deaf students show a significant delay in their understanding of numeracy and measu-rement concepts as well as verbal problem solving. There is still no consensus about the origin of this delay but several studies have shown that deaf people show differences in basic numerical skills and executive function (EF), which could underlie the differences in the way they learn and develop their cognitive abilities. Children have the innate ability to estimate and compare numerosities
Aircraft type‐specific errors in AMDAR weather reports from commercial aircraft

AMDAR (Aircraft Meteorological DAta Relay) automated weather reports from commercial aircraft provide an increasing amount of input data for numerical weather prediction models. Previous studies have investigated the quality of AMDAR data. Few of these studies, however, have revealed indications of systematic errors dependent upon the aircraft type. Since different airlines use different algorithms to generate AMDAR reports, it has remained unclear whether a dependency on the aircraft type is caused by physical properties of the aircraft or by different data processing algorithms. In the present study, a special AMDAR dataset was used to investigate the physical type‐dependent errors of AMDAR reports. This dataset consists of AMDAR measurements by Lufthansa aircraft performing over 300 landings overall at Frankfurt Rhein/Main (EDDF/FRA) on 22 days in 2004. All of this data has been processed by the same software, implying that influences from different processing algorithms should not be expected. From the comparison of single descents to hourly averaged vertical profiles, it is shown that temperature measurements by different aircraft types can have systematic differences of up to 1 K. In contrast, random temperature errors of most types are estimated to be less than 0.3 K. It is demonstrated that systematic deviations in AMDAR wind measurements can be regarded as an error vector, which is fixed to the aircraft reference system. The largest systematic deviations in wind measurements from different aircraft types (more than 0.5 m s−1) were found to exist in the longitudinal direction (i.e. parallel to the flight direction). Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
A Numerical Study of an Intense Quasi-stationary Convection Band over the Korean Peninsula

An intense long-lived, quasi-stationary convection band that occurred on 5-6 August 1998 over the middle of the Korean peninsula, was studied using both observation and a numerical model. The convection band persisted for more than 10 hours, and produced heavy rain along the band with a maximum of 619 mm in 15 hours at a coastal station (Kanghwa). Radar observation indicates that the convection band is 20-30 km wide, and about 300 km long at its mature stage. It consists of several long-lived precipitation cells along the band. Some of the precipitation cells develop on the west coast, and move northeastward along the band. The convection band occurred over the middle of the Korean peninsula, where a converging airflow pattern is found between the mid latitude cyclone to the north, and the western Pacific subtropical high to the south. The simulated convection band forms and evolves in a consistent manner with the observation, although it shows notable differences from the observation in the onset time, lifetime and rainfall intensity. Formation of the simulated band proceeds in the following manner. First, new convection cells continuously form on the west coast and move northeastward forming a line of long-lived convection cells. Second, a line of low-level convergence forms somewhat rapidly in the upwind side of the convection initiation point, and then convective cells develop and move along this line. Some cells develop into deep convection and last several hours. These processes result in a long convection band. The favorable largescale condition (especially the converging airflow), and its interaction with convection, seem to be the important elements for the development of the present convection band. Surface latent heat flux is found to play a crucial role in establishing a convectively unstable environment for the onset of convection. It is also found that orographic effect is not an essential factor for the formation of the present convection band.
On the Initial Development of Asymmetric Vertical Motion and Horizontal Relative Flow in a Mature Tropical Cyclone Embedded in Environmental Vertical Shear

In this paper, the authors focus on the initial development of asymmetric vertical motion and horizontal relative flow in a mature tropical cyclone (TC) embedded in an environmental vertical shear. The fully compressible, nonhydrostatic TC model was used to perform a series of numerical experiments with a mature TC with different intensities embedded in shear with different magnitudes and different vertical profiles. Results show that the development of both the wavenumber-1 asymmetric vertical motion and horizontal relative flow for a TC embedded in vertical shear is quite sensitive to both the magnitude and the vertical profile of wind shear, as well as the intensity of the TC itself. Diagnostic analysis based on the quasi-balanced potential vorticity inversion indicates that the balanced dynamics can only explain a small portion of the asymmetric vertical motion and relative flow. The unbalanced processes contribute predominantly to the developmentoftheasymmetricflowinthesimulations.ItisshownthattheeyewallofamatureTCplaysarole somewhat like a material cylinder embedded in an environmental flow with vertical shear. The interaction between the environmental shear and the eyewall produces vertical gradient of convergence/divergence of horizontal wind around the lateral edge of the eyewall. This forces much stronger asymmetric vertical motion than the balanced processes do and drives significant horizontal relative divergent flow over the storm core, which opposes vertical shear and reduces the vertical tilt of the storm axis. In addition, the budget analysis for the axisymmetric tangential wind demonstrates that the asymmetric flow plays a dominant role in weakening the storm top down.
The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation

Abstract The idea of data augmentation arises naturally in missing value problems, as exemplified by the standard ways of filling in missing cells in balanced two-way tables. Thus data augmentation refers to a scheme of augmenting the observed data so as to make it more easy to analyze. This device is used to great advantage by the EM algorithm (Dempster, Laird, and Rubin 1977) in solving maximum likelihood problems. In situations when the likelihood cannot be approximated closely by the normal likelihood, maximum likelihood estimates and the associated standard errors cannot be relied upon to make valid inferential statements. From the Bayesian point of view, one must now calculate the posterior distribution of parameters of interest. If data augmentation can be used in the calculation of the maximum likelihood estimate, then in the same cases one ought to be able to use it in the computation of the posterior distribution. It is the purpose of this article to explain how this can be done. The basic idea .
A discrete path/trajectory planner for robotic arms

Abstract An interesting and challenging problem in robotics is the off-line determination of the minimum cost path along which an end effector should move from a given initial to a given final state. This paper presents a discrete minimum cost path/trajectory planner which provides a general solution and allows for a range of constraints such as bounds on joint coordinates, joint velocities, joint torques and joint jerks. To demonstrate the practicability and feasibility of the planner, simulation results are presented for the Stanford manipulator using three and then the full six of its degrees of freedom. Simulation runs with two-link planar arms are also presented to enable a comparison with previously published results.
Characterization of the exponential and the pareto distributions by means of some properties of the distributions which the differences and quotients of order statistics are subject to

Order statistics drawn from a sample of independent random variables with the distribution function F are considered. Excluding lattice distribution functions F, the difference and the order statistics have the same distribution if and only if . This result is equivalent to a proposition on the PARETO distributions where the difference has to be substituted by the quotient . It is also the conditions and that characterize the distribution function F(X 0 + a x) = E(x). As it is shown by an example, the assumption (∗) is necessary for this proposition. – The proof of the first proposition provides also the solution of the following problem: “For which (not lattice) distribution functions F and G holds where .
Continuum Biomechanics Applied to the Human Intervertebral Disc

Biomechanical problems are of growing importance for our society with respect to both the ongoing aging of people and the improvement of surgery techniques. As a result, there is an increasing interest in scientific biomechanics in order to understand and to describe the complex electro‐chemomechanical behaviour of biological tissues. In the present contribution, the methods of continuum biomechanics are applied to the human intervertebral disc (IVD) as one of the major load‐carrying mechanisms of the human spine.
Derivation of the maximum voltage drop in power grids of integrated circuits with an array bonding package

In this work we derive a formula for the maximum value of the voltage drop that takes place in power grids of integrated circuits with an array bonding package. We consider a simplified model for the power grid where the voltage is represented as the solution of the Poisson's equation in an infinite planar domain with a regularly aligned array of small square pads where the voltage is set to be zero. We study the singular limit where these pads' size tends to be zero and we derive an asymptotic formula in terms of a power series in ε, being 2ε the side of the square. We also discuss pads of more general shapes, for which we provide an expression for the leading order term. To deduce all these formulae we use the method of matched asymptotic expansions using an iterative scheme, along with conformal maps to compare this problem with the corresponding one when the pads are circular.
Overlap Problems on the Circle

Consider a circle with perimeter N > 1 on which k < N segments of length 1 are sampled in an independent and identically distributed manner. In this paper we study the probability π (k,N) that these k segments do not overlap; the density φ(·) of the position of the disks on the circle is arbitrary (that is, it is not necessarily assumed uniform). Two scaling regimes are considered. In the first we set k≡ a√N, and it turns out that the probability of interest converges (N→ ∞) to an explicitly given positive constant that reflects the impact of the density φ(·). In the other regime k scales as aN, and the nonoverlap probability decays essentially exponentially; we give the associated decay rate as the solution to a variational problem. Several additional ramifications are presented.
A Conceptual Model for the Influence of TUTT Cells on Tropical Cyclone Motion in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Abstract Eleven (10 Pacific, 1 Atlantic) tropical cyclones (TCs), which include typhoons/hurricanes and tropical storms, are examined using the latest 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) dataset and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track data to determine if and how tropical upper-tropospheric trough (TUTT) cells influence TC tracks. This type of interaction has led to rather large TC track forecast errors at 72 h (2000+ km) in the northwest Pacific and is often ignored or poorly forecast due to inadequate numerical model TUTT cell predictions. Ten selected cases out of the initial 25 potential Pacific cases exhibited a “nonstandard” TC track; a TUTT cell was the sole large-scale transient feature within 2000 km of the TC’s center, and the TC intensity was >17 m s−1. The circulations’ separation distance, orientation, intensity, and TUTT cell’s closed circulation size are critical characteristics in determining the likelihood of a TUTT cell influencing a TC track. Interactions occur at distances grea.
Euv indices for solar‐terrestrial relations

Modern studies of solar-terrestrial relations require a new type of solar activity indices suitable for numerical computations. Since in this context solar extreme ultraviolet radiation is the most important variable influence, EUV indices are proposed representing the EUV energy flux from the whole solar disc at Earth' distance. Examples derived from AEROS measurements are presented.
Is BL Lacertae an orphan AGN?: Multiband and spectroscopic constraints on the parent population

Aims. We have analysed optical spectra of BL Lacertae, the prototype of its blazar subclass, to verify the broad Hα emission line detected more than a decade ago and its possible flux variation. We used the spectroscopic information to investigate the question of the BL Lacertae parent population. Methods. Low- and high-resolution optical spectra of BL Lacertae were acquired with the DOLORES spectrograph at the 3.58 m telescopio nazionale Galileo (TNG) during four nights in 2007-2008, when the source was in a relatively faint state. In three cases we were able to fit the complex Ha spectral range with multiple line components and to measure both the broad Hα and several narrow emission line fluxes. Results. A critical comparison with previous results suggests that the broad Hα flux has increased by about 50% in ten years. This might be due to an addition of gas in the broad line region (BLR), or to a strengthening of the disc luminosity, but such flux changes are not unusual in Broad Lined active nuclei. We estimated the BL Lacertae black hole mass by means of its relation with the bulge luminosity, finding 4-6 x 10 8 M o . The virial mass estimated from the spectroscopic data gives instead a value 20-30 times lower. An analysis of the disc and BLR properties in different AGNs suggests that this discrepancy is due to an underluminosity of the BL Lacertae BLR. Finally, we addressed the problem of the BL Lacertae parent population, comparing its isotropic quantities with those of other AGN classes. From the point of view of the narrow emission line spectrum, the source is located close to low-excitation radio galaxies. When one also considers its diffuse radio power, an association with FR I radio galaxies is severely questioned due to the lower radio luminosity (at a given line luminosity) of BL Lacertae. The narrow line and radio luminosities of BL Lacertae instead match those of a sample of miniature radio galaxies, which however do not show a BLR. Yet, if existing, "misaligned BL Lacertae" objects should have entered that sample. We also rule out the possibility that they were excluded because of a QSO optical appearance. Conclusions. The observational constraints suggest that BL Lacertae is caught in a short term transient stage, which does not leave a detectable evolutionary "trace" in the AGN population. We present a scenario that can account for the observed properties.
Reflexive algebras of matrices

We study some sufficient properties for an algebra of matrices to be reflexive. In particular we show that a semismple algebra is reflexive. Commutative algebras are then considered, and it is seen that a commutative algebra of 3 x 3 matrices is reflexive if either it can be diagonalized or it is of dimension 2. Finally we show that the algebra of all operators which leave invariant every element of a complemented lattice of subspaces forms a semisimple algebra. This is related to a result by Harrison and Longstaff on reflexive lattices of subspaces.
Carrier lifetime measurement in n-4H-SiC epilayers

The effects of measurement technique and measurement conditions (e.g., injection level, temperature) on measured carrier lifetimes in n− 4H-SiC epilayers are investigated both experimentally and through detailed carrier dynamics simulations to better understand differences between reported lifetimes. Three common, optically based techniques are compared: time resolved photoluminescence, transient free carrier absorption, and microwave photoconductivity decay. From the details of these measurement techniques it is shown from both theory and experiment that for the limits of high or low injection, these techniques can reflect very different lifetimes. The effect of measurement conditions on the carrier lifetime was approached by simulating the carrier dynamics assuming a dominant Z1/Z2 defect in order to calculate the evolution of the lifetimes and the carrier and defect charge state concentrations for arbitrary injection level or temperature, as a closed-form solution to this problem does not exist. The si.
Moving least squares differential quadrature method and its application to the analysis of shear deformable plates

A moving least squares differential quadrature (MLSDQ) method is developed and employed for the analysis of moderately thick plates based on the first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT). To carry out the analysis, the governing equations in terms of the generalized displacements (transverse deflection and two rotations) of the plate are formulated by employing the moving least squares approximation. The weighting coefficients used in the MLSDQ approximation are computed through a fast computation of shape functions and their derivatives. Numerical examples illustrating the accuracy, stability and convergence of the MLSDQ method are presented. Effects of support size, order of completeness and node irregularity on the numerical accuracy are investigated. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical correlation of bedload transport rates in flumes and natural rivers

A simple, purely empirical expression has been found which closely correlates the existing laboratory data on the measured rates of unsuspended, bedload transport of sediment in flumes with recently published data on the like transport rates in a wide variety of natural rivers. Let ω be the stream power r̄ū per unit bed area, and let ω0 be the threshold value of ω at which sediment begins to be moved. Then if the flow depth is Y and the peak size, or mode, of the sediment is D, the transport rate ib, by immersed weight, varies empirically as ib ∝ (ω - ω0)3/2 Y-2/3 D-1/2 This is dimensionally incomplete for it omits, for instance, the excess density of the solids, which happens to be virtually constant for all the data examined. The relation can however be made dimensionless by writing ib/(ib)* = [ω - ω0/(ω - ω0)*]3/2 (Y/Y*)-2/3 (D/D*)-1/2, where the starred symbols refer to any standard set of values chosen from a reliable experimental plot. The above expression has so far been found to predict the average actual values within the limits of measuremental error over 103-fold ranges of flow depth Y and mode size D, and over a 104-fold range of stream power ω. When the bed material of a natural river is bimodal, the measured transport rates are found to occur, seemingly at random, between the two limiting values computed respectively for the larger and the smaller values of mode size D. A physical explanation of such an apparently general correlation poses an intriguing problem in fluid mechanics. Some qualitative clues are discussed and a tentative outline explanation is given of the general tendency of streams that flow over mobile material towards a quasi-rhythmic fluctuation of channel cross-section.
On Normally Embedded Subgroups of Prime Power Order in Finite Groups

Let d be the smallest generator number of a finite p-group P and let ℳ d (P) = {P 1,…, P d } be a set of maximal subgroups of P such that . In this article, the structure of a finite group G under some assumptions on the S-quasinormal and normal embedding of subgroups in ℳ d p (G p ), for each prime p, and Sylow p-subgroups G p of G is investigated.
A simple equilibrium theoretical model and predictions for a continuous wave exciplex pumped alkali laser

The exciplex pumped alkali laser (XPAL) system has been demonstrated in mixtures of Cs vapour, Ar, with and without ethane, by pumping Cs–Ar atomic collision pairs and subsequent dissociation of diatomic, electronically excited CsAr molecules (exciplexes or excimers). The blue satellites of the alkali D2 lines provide an advantageous pathway for optically pumping atomic alkali lasers on the principal series (resonance) transitions with broad linewidth (>2 nm) semiconductor diode lasers. The development of a simple theoretical analysis of continuous-wave XPAL systems is presented along with predictions as a function of temperature and pump intensity. The model predicts that an optical-to-optical efficiency in the range of 40–50% can be achieved for XPAL.