Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate Parallel Floating-Point Accumulation

Using parallel associative reduction, iterative refinement, and conservative early termination detection, we show how to use tree-reduce parallelism to compute correctly rounded floating-point sums in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\log N)$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="kadric-ieq1-2532874.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> depth. Our parallel solution shows how we can continue to exploit the scaling in transistor count to accelerate floating-point performance even when clock rates remain flat. Empirical evidence suggests our iterative algorithm only requires two tree-reduce passes to converge to the accurate sum in virtually all cases. Furthermore, we develop the hardware implementation of two residue-preserving IEEE-754 double-precision floating-point adders on a Virtex 6 FPGA that run at the same 250 MHz pipeline speed as a standard adder. One adder creates the residue by truncation, requires only 22 percent more area than the standard adder, and allows us to support directed-rounding modes and to lower the cost of round-to-nearest modes. The second adder creates the residue while directly producing a round-to-nearest sum at 48 percent more area than a standard adder.
The impact of the STAD model on motivating math learning in addition and subtraction

: The background of this study is the unsatisfactory motivation of grade II students to learn mathematics, especially in addition and subtraction lessons. The use of dull and ineffective learning techniques contributes to students' low learning motivation. Therefore, the use of STAD type cooperative learning model is one of the solutions that can be used for second grade elementary school students. This study aims to determine the effect of the STAD type cooperative learning model on grade II students' learning motivation in addition and subtraction in mathematics. The approach used is a quantitative and quasi-experimental method. The population consisted of all SDN Tugu and SDN 1 Kalaparea; the sample consisted of 35 grade II SDN Tugu students as the experimental class and 29 students of grade II SDN 1 Kalaparea as the control class. These learners were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques were tests, questionnaires, observation
Accumulation Pattern of Polyhydroxyalkonoates by Agrobacterium tumefaciens SU-11 in Glucose Containing Medium

Polyhydroxyalkonoates (PHA) are intracellular energy storage granules of most bacteria and these PHA has got potential use in industries, pharmaceuticals and nanotechnology. In this study, PHA accumulation by a soil isolate, Agrobacterium tumefaciens SU-11 was analysed. Highest accumulation of PHA by A.tumefaciens SU-11 was found in glucose (6g/l) containing medium. FTIR and GC analysis confirmed the accumulation of polyhydroxydeconoate (PHD) by A.tumefaciens SU-11.
Category Theoretic Analysis of Hierarchical Protein Materials and Social Networks

Materials in biology span all the scales from Angstroms to meters and typically consist of complex hierarchical assemblies of simple building blocks. Here we describe an application of category theory to describe structural and resulting functional properties of biological protein materials by developing so-called ologs. An olog is like a “concept web” or “semantic network” except that it follows a rigorous mathematical formulation based on category theory. This key difference ensures that an olog is unambiguous, highly adaptable to evolution and change, and suitable for sharing concepts with other olog. We consider simple cases of beta-helical and amyloid-like protein filaments subjected to axial extension and develop an olog representation of their structural and resulting mechanical properties. We also construct a representation of a social network in which people send text-messages to their nearest neighbors and act as a team to perform a task. We show that the olog for the protein and the olog for the social network feature identical category-theoretic representations, and we proceed to precisely explicate the analogy or isomorphism between them. The examples presented here demonstrate that the intrinsic nature of a complex system, which in particular includes a precise relationship between structure and function at different hierarchical levels, can be effectively represented by an olog. This, in turn, allows for comparative studies between disparate materials or fields of application, and results in novel approaches to derive functionality in the design of de novo hierarchical systems. We discuss opportunities and challenges associated with the description of complex biological materials by using ologs as a powerful tool for analysis and design in the context of materiomics, and we present the potential impact of this approach for engineering, life sciences, and medicine.
Parallel Reproducible Summation

Reproducibility, i.e. getting bitwise identical floating point results from multiple runs of the same program, is a property that many users depend on either for debugging or correctness checking in many codes [10]. However, the combination of dynamic scheduling of parallel computing resources, and floating point nonassociativity, makes attaining reproducibility a challenge even for simple reduction operations like computing the sum of a vector of numbers in parallel. We propose a technique for floating point summation that is reproducible independent of the order of summation. Our technique uses Rump's algorithm for error-free vector transformation [7], and is much more efficient than using (possibly very) high precision arithmetic. Our algorithm reproducibly computes highly accurate results with an absolute error bound of n · 2-28 macheps maxiIviI at a cost of 7n FLOPs and a small constant amount of extra memory usage. Higher accuracies are also possible by increasing the number of error-free transformations. As long as all operations are performed in to-nearest rounding mode, results computed by the proposed algorithms are reproducible for any run on any platform. In particular, our algorithm requires the minimum number of reductions, i.e. one reduction of an array of six double precision floating point numbers per sum, and hence is well suited for massively parallel environments.
Social Network Driven Traffic Decongestion Using Near Time Forecasting

Preventing traffic congestion by forecasting near time traffic flows is an important problem as it leads to effective use of transport resources. Social network provides information about activities of humans and social events. Thus, with the help of social network, we can extract which humans will attend a particular event (in near time) and can estimate flow of traffic based on it. This opens research area to build a framework for traffic management that can capture essential parameters of real-life behavior and provide a way to iterate upon and evaluate new ideas. In this paper, we present building blocks of such framework and a system to simulate a city with its transport system, humans and their social network. We emphasize on relevant parameters selected and modular design of the framework. To show the utility of the framework, we present experimental studies of few strategies on a public transport system.
Association Between Condom Use and Use of Other Contraceptive Methods Among Female Sex Workers in Swaziland: A Relationship-Level Analysis of Condom and Contraceptive Use

Objectives Nonbarrier modern contraceptive users often are less likely to use condoms, particularly with more intimate sex partners. We examine whether female sex workers (FSWs) in Swaziland who use nonbarrier contraception use condoms less consistently and whether this inverse association varies by relationship type. Methods In 2011, we conducted a survey among 325 Swazi FSWs using respondent-driven sampling. Each woman reported on condom use during sexual activity in the past month with up to 3 partner types (new clients, regular clients, noncommercial partners). We used a generalized estimating equation model to conduct a relationship-level multivariate logistic regression analysis of correlates of consistent condom use in the past month. We tested whether relationship type modified the effect of nonbarrier modern contraception on condom use. Results Each participant reported up to 3 observations, for a total of 892 measures of condom use in the past month. Compared with sexual activity with new clients, sex with regular clients and noncommercial partners was less likely to be protected by consistent condom use (adjusted odds ratio, 0.30 [95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.47] for regular clients; adjusted odds ratio, 0.15 [95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.24] for noncommercial partners). There was no significant association between condom use and nonbarrier modern contraceptive use. Conclusions These data highlight the need to provide condoms and condom-compatible lubricants and targeted education programs for FSWs and their male sex partners to encourage the consistent use of these commodities with all sex partners, irrespective of the use of other contraceptive methods.
Enhanced fluorescence emission using a photonic crystal coupled to an optical cavity

In this work we report a fundamentally new approach to enhance fluorescence in which surface adsorbed fluorophore-tagged biomolecules are excited on a photonic crystal surface that is coupled to an underlying Fabry-Perot type cavity through a gold mirror reflector beneath the photonic crystal. This approach leads to 6× increase in signal-to-noise ratio of a dye labeled polypeptide compared to ordinary photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence.
The egg and the nucleus: a battle for supremacy

Sir John Gurdon and Professor Shinya Yamanaka were the recipients of the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. This Spotlight article is a commentary on the early nuclear transplant work in Xenopus, which was very important for the Nobel award in 2012, and the influence of this work on the reprogramming field.
Edge Precoloring Extension of Trees

Given a set of k colors and a graph G with a subset S of precolored edges (a partial k -edge coloring of G ), we consider the problem of determining whether G has a proper edge coloring of G with the same k colors (an extension of the partial coloring) where the colors of edges in S are not changed. If such a coloring exists, then the partial k -coloring is called extendable. Some scheduling problems as well as some combinatorial problems can be re-formulated as partial edge coloring extension problems for corresponding graphs. Partial edge coloring extension problems seem to have been ﬁrst considered in connection with the problem of completing partial Latin squares. In 1960 Evans stated his conjecture that any partial Latin square of size n with at most n − 1 non-empty cells can be completed to a Latin square of size n . In terms of edge col-orings this is equivalent to the statement that any proper partial n -edge coloring of the balanced complete bipartite graph K n,n with at most n − 1 precolored edges is extendable. This classical conjecture was proved by Smetaniuk (1981), and also independently by Andersen and Hilton (1983). Moreover, Andersen and Hilton completely characterized which partial Latin squares of size n with n non-empty cells that cannot be completed to a Latin square of size n . In addition, Andersen (1985) characterized partial Latin squares of size n with n +1 non-empty cells that are completable to Latin squares of size n . More recently, the problem of extending a partial edge coloring where the precolored edges form a matching has been considered by Edwards et al. (2018). Casselgren, Markstrom and Pham
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A Consistent Nonparametric Test for Granger Non-Causality Based on the Transfer Entropy

: To date, testing for Granger non-causality using kernel density-based nonparametric estimates of the transfer entropy has been hindered by the intractability of the asymptotic distribution of the estimators. We overcome this by shifting from the transfer entropy to its ﬁrst-order Taylor expansion near the null hypothesis, which is also non-negative and zero if and only if Granger causality is absent. The estimated Taylor expansion can be expressed in terms of a U-statistic, demonstrating asymptotic normality. After studying its size and power properties numerically, the resulting test is illustrated empirically with applications to stock indices and exchange rates
Multiple testing in the genomics era: Findings from Genetic Analysis Workshop 15, Group 15

Recent advances in molecular technologies have resulted in the ability to screen hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms and tens of thousands of gene expression profiles. While these data have the potential to inform investigations into disease etiologies and advance medicine, the question of how to adequately control both type I and type II error rates remains. Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 datasets provided a unique opportunity for participants to evaluate multiple testing strategies applicable to microarray and single nucleotide polymorphism data. The Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 multiple testing and false discovery rate group (Group 15) investigated three general categories for multiple testing corrections, which are summarized in this review: statistical independence, error rate adjustment, and data reduction. We show that while each approach may have certain advantages, adequate error control is largely dependent upon the question under consideration and often requires the use of multiple analytic strategies. Genet. Epidemiol. 31(Suppl. 1):S124–S131, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Chemical Remagnetization of Ediacaran Dolomite in the Taishan Paleo‐Reservoir, South China

To understand the origin of chemical remagnetization in carbonate reservoir rocks and associated chemical processes, we have conducted detailed petrologic, geochemical, and magnetic studies of the hydrocarbon‐impregnated Ediacaran dolomite in the Taishan Paleo‐reservoir, south China. Samples were collected across a continuous outcrop consisting of oil‐free dolomite, transition zone dolomite, and highly hydrocarbon‐impregnated reservoir dolomite. Paleomagnetic results show that dolomite from the reservoir and transition zone were remagnetized and carries a possible Cambrian‐Ordovician direction (Dec = 163.7°, Inc = 10.6°, and α95 = 1.9°), and the oil‐free dolomite shows unstable magnetizations. Hematite is the magnetic mineral in the oil‐free dolomite, whereas the hydrocarbon‐impregnated reservoir dolomite contains no hematite but mainly pyrrhotite nanoparticles. Transition‐zone dolomite contains both hematite and pyrrhotite. In addition, the natural remanent magnetization intensities decrease from the reservoir dolomite, through the transition zone, and into the oil‐free dolomite, and a similar trend was observed in the total organic carbon and bitumen contents. The results suggest that the magnetic mineral assemblage and magnetic intensity in dolomite appear to be closely related to the degree of hydrocarbon impregnation and that remagnetization of the Ediacaran dolomite was likely caused by hydrocarbon migration into the dolomite. Pyrrhotite nanoparticles, magnetite, and barite are suggested to be formed during hydrocarbon migration, by the reduction of detrital hematite in the dolomite and sulfur species in the hydrocarbons. The new findings into the origin of pervasive remagnetization have the potential to guide future hydrocarbon exploration within Ediacaran dolomite that is host to the largest single carbonate gas reservoir in China.
OUTRIDER - OUTlier in RNA-Seq fInDER

In the field of diagnostics of rare diseases, RNA-seq is emerging as an important and complementary tool for whole exome and whole genome sequencing. OUTRIDER is a framework that detects aberrant gene expression within a group of samples. It uses the negative binomial distribution which is fitted for each gene over all samples. We additionally provide an autoencoder, which automatically controls for co-variation before fitting. After fitting, each sample can be tested for aberrantly expressed genes. Furthermore, OUTRIDER provides functionality to easily filter unexpressed genes, to analyse the data as well as to visualize the results
Retrieving the syntactic structure of erroneous ASR transcriptions for open-domain Spoken Language Understanding

Retrieving the syntactic structure of erroneous ASR transcriptions can be of great interest for open-domain Spoken Language Understanding tasks in order to correct or at least reduce the impact of ASR errors on final applications. Most of the previous works on ASR and syntactic parsing have addressed this problem by using syntactic features during ASR to help reducing Word Error Rate (WER). The improvement obtained is often rather small, however the structure and the relations between words obtained through parsing can be of great interest for the SLU processes, even without a significant decrease of WER. That is why we adopt another point of view in this paper: considering that ASR transcriptions contain inevitably some errors, we show in this study that it is possible to improve the syntactic analysis of these erroneous transcriptions by performing a joint error detection / syntactic parsing process. The applicative framework used in this study is a speech-to-speech system developed through the DARPA BOLT project.
Use of non-radioactive detection in SSCP, direct DNA sequencing and LOH analysis

Aims—To develop a protocol that is applicable to single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), direct sequencing and loss of heterozygosity analysis of DNA. Methods—The protocol is based on the detection of biotinylated DNA by a Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Biotinylation of DNA was achieved by using 5′-end biotinylated primers for PCR. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the DNA fragments were transferred to a nylon membrane by contact blotting. Depending on the alkaline phosphatase substrate, DNA was visualised either colorimetrically or by chemiluminescence. Results—The method was verified by the identification and characterisation of p53 mutations by SSCP analysis and direct DNA sequencing, as well as the assessment of DNA loss in human lung carcinomas by microsatellite polymorphism allelotyping. Conclusions—The protocol is simple, does not require specialised equipment and would be particularly useful for laboratories with experience in Streptavidin-biotin methodology.
Experimental Model for Study of Electromagnetic Phenomena in Stator Core-End Laminations of Large Generators

This paper describes an experimental model for the characterization of electromagnetic phenomena that occur within the end regions of large turbo-generators. The study is based on a test bench that contains a stack of steel laminations from a 900MW turbo-generator stator and two exciting circuits in order to combine a transverse magnetic ∞ux with the in-plane ∞ux. In order to explain the ∞ux penetration within the magnetic sheet stack, accurate experimental measurements are performed. Results are compared with flnite-element simulations using code Carmel3D. In the same time, theoretical and experimental results are analyzed with a view to examining the in∞uence of transverse ∞ux on additional losses.
DETECTION OF PLANAR POINTS FOR BUILDING EXTRACTION FROM LIDAR DATA BASED ON DIFFERENTIAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND ATTRIBUTE PROFILES

Abstract. This paper considers a new method for building-extraction from LiDAR data. This method uses multi-scale levelling schema or MSLS-segmentation based on differential morphological profiles for removing non-building points from LiDAR data during the data denoising step. A new morphological algorithm is proposed for the detection of flat regions and obtaining a set of building-candidates. This binarisation step is made by using differential attribute profiles based on the sum of the second-order morphological gradients. Any distinction between flat and rough surfaces is achieved by area-opening, as applied within each attribute-zone. Thus, the detection of the flat regions is essentially based on the average gradient contained within a region, whilst avoiding subtractive filtering rule. Finally, the shapes of the flat-regions are considered during the building-recognition step. A binary shape-compactness attribute opening is used for this purpose. The efficiency of the proposed method was demonstrated on three test LiDAR datasets containing buildings of different sizes, shapes, and structures. As shown by the experiments, the average quality of the buildings-extraction was more than 95 %, with 96 % correctness, and 98 % completeness. In terms of quality, this method is comparable with TerraScan®, but both methods significantly differ when comparing correctness and completeness of the results.
Predicted Turbine Heat Transfer for

Comparisons are shown between predictions and experimental data for blade and endwall heat transfer. The comparisons are given for both vane and rotor geometries over an extensive range of Reynolds and Mach numbers. Comparisons are made with experimental data from a variety of sources. A number of turbulence models are available for predicting blade surface heat transfer, as well as aerodynamic performance. The results of an investigation to determine the turbulence model which gives the best agreement with experimental data over a wide range of test conditions are presented
DISTANCE DETERMINATION TO 12 TYPE II SUPERNOVAE USING THE EXPANDING PHOTOSPHERE METHOD

We use early-time photometry and spectroscopy of 12 Type II plateau supernovae (SNe IIP) to derive their distances using the expanding photosphere method (EPM). We perform this study using two sets of Type II supernova (SN II) atmosphere models, three filter subsets ({BV}, {BVI}, and {VI}), and two methods for the host-galaxy extinction, which leads to 12 Hubble diagrams. We find that systematic differences in the atmosphere models lead to ∼50% differences in the EPM distances and to a value of H0 between 52 and 101 km s-1Mpc−1. Using the {VI} filter subset we obtain the lowest dispersion in the Hubble diagram, σμ = 0.32 mag. We also apply the EPM analysis to the well observed SN IIP 1999em. With the {VI} filter subset we derive a distance ranging from 9.3 ± 0.5 Mpc to 13.9 ± 1.4 Mpc depending on the atmosphere model employed.