Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consistent double Gaussian model with non-symmetric potential barriers at contacts for organic diodes

A transport model with double Gaussian density of state (DOS) for organic semiconductors is proposed, with one Gaussian DOS for free carriers and one for trapped carriers. The variations of the density of trapped carriers with the density of free carriers, the effective mobility and the ratio of diffusion coefficient to effective mobility with the density of trapped carriers are analyzed. It is shown that the ratio of diffusion coefficient to effective mobility is the Einstein type for free carriers, but the ratio for total carriers is the non-Einstein type, and is an increasing function of the density of trapped carriers at low density, and a decreasing function at high density. The importance of non-symmetric barriers at contacts is emphasized to quantitatively describe the current–voltage relationships of typical organic layers sandwiched between two metallic electrodes. It is shown that slopes of current–voltage curves at low bias are very sensitive to the values of right barriers. The slopes in all bias are sensitive to the values of left barriers, and increase as the left barrier decreases. When applying the modified model to three organic diodes, an excellent agreement is obtained between theoretical results and experimental data.
Laser‐photodetachment and Faraday‐cup Measurements in the Expansion Region of a Tandem‐type Plasma Source

The study combines experiments on probe diagnostics with laser‐photodetachment‐technique and Faraday‐cup measurements directed towards determination of the position of the extraction device and its influence on the discharge structure. The measurements have been carried out in the second chamber of an inductively‐driven tandem plasma source performed as small scale arrangements, with a magnetic filter located just after the transition between the two chambers of the source. Results for the axial profiles of the plasma parameters display the correlation of the ratio n_/ne of the densities of the negative hydrogen ions and of the electrons and of the concentration of the negative ions with the electron density and temperature: The maxima of the (n_/ne)‐ratio and of the density of the negative ions obtained are located at the position of maximum of the electron density behind the filter, in the region of the low electron temperature. Results from probe diagnostics and laser photodetachment measurements at a .
Effects of drying method and rearing temperature on broiler manure nutrient content

There is no universally accepted method for preparing poultry manure samples prior to chemical analysis for nutrient content. Proper sample preparation and optimization of the techniques for manure chemical analyses are the keys to the determination of precise rates for land application to crops and pastures. This study was conducted to determine the effect of bird-rearing temperature (RT) and pre-analysis drying methods on broiler manure nutrient content. Four drying methods, air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD), oven drying at 65°C (OD65), and oven drying at 105°C (OD105) were evaluated on manure of birds grown at 16, 21, and 26°C. The results were compared with analysis of the fresh broiler manure with no drying (ND). All drying treatments resulted in highly significant nitrogen (N) loss (21%–27%) compared to ND at all rearing temperatures. However, there were no significant differences in total N loss among the four drying methods examined in this experiment. There was significant loss of NH4-N with OD105 for all RT, but no pattern was observed among other drying methods and RT with regard to NH4-N and organic N. The effect of drying methods on broiler manure nutrient content followed the same trend for all the rearing temperatures. The greatest loss of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) were observed with freeze drying. We recommend fresh broiler manure analysis for the determination of total N and NH4-N after a proper mixing to obtain a homogeneous paste. For analyses of P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the broiler manure, ND, AD, and OD65 generally resulted in lower reduction of these nutrients.
class differences in cancer patient survival

Social class differences in cancer patient survival have been reported for most cancer types and for a number of countries. The etiology of these differences has been studied less thoroughly and less systematically than social class differences in cancer occurrence. Stage of disease at diagnosis appears to be the most important factor contributing to the social class differences in cancer patient survival. This has been observed most clearly for gastrointestinal and gynaecological cancers. Social class differences in survival are generally wider for patients diagnosed with cancer at local stages than for those diagnosed with cancer at advanced stages. The reasons why cancers are more frequently diagnosed at a local stage in high than in low social classes is not properly understood at the moment. Of other potential contributing factors, the role of treatment and psychosocial factors has scarcely been studied. Biological indicators of tumour aggressiveness have failed to explain the social class differences.
MICROWAVE VACUUM DRYING OF POROUS MEDIA: VERIFICATION OF A SEMI-EMPIRICAL FORMULATION OF THE TOTAL ABSORBED POWER

Vacuum drying experiments were performed on a laboratory scale dryer with two porous materials: a packing of initially saturated glass beads and of unsaturated pharmaceutical granules. Several incident powers and two vacuum pressure levels were tested in order to demonstrate different drying mechanisms. The drying kinetics, temperature of the product and the absorbed power are presented and the coupling between the drying rate and the absorbed power is shown. A semi-empirical formulation of the total absorbed power is proposed taking into account the water content, the temperature and the dielectric properties of each phase. This formulation is based on a quasi-static assumption which allows the local electric field inside the material to be expressed with an analytical equation.
Composition of a Historical Rose Oil Sample (Rosa damascena Mill., Rosaceae)

Abstract Composition of a historical rose oil sample was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Forty-five components representing 95.5% composition of the essential oil were identified. The main components of this oil were citronellol (25.1%), geraniol (11.8%) and nonadecane (13.4%). The composition of the oil was compared with those of Turkish and Bulgarian rose oils and rose water.
Single Phase Mn3O4 Nanoparticles Obtained by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid and Their Application in Rapid Removal of Trace Pentachlorophenol

We present a clean synthesis of well-crystallized pure Mn3O4 nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation of an Mn metal plate immersed in deionized water at room temperature. The particle size, phase structure, and magnetic properties are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and superconducting quantum interference device. The colloids solution of Mn3O4 nanocrystals with narrow particles size distribution could be facile obtained in a single step without addition of any other chemical reagents. As-synthesized pure manganese oxide nanoparticles show good performance in significant and rapid removal of trace amounts of pentachlorophenol. Thoroughly distinct from the general chemical process for growing manganese oxide nanoparticles, here the formation of manganese oxide nanocrystalline is based on reactions between laser-generated manganese species and water molecules in a local high-temperature and high-pressure plume−liquid interface region.
Mechanism of SiNxHy deposition from N2–SiH4 plasma

The N2 –SiH4 rf glow‐discharge plasma has been analyzed by line‐of‐sight mass spectrometry of species impinging on the deposition electrode (including N atoms), and properties of SiNx Hy films deposited from this plasma have been examined. At high rf power and low SiH4/N2 gas ratio, most of the SiH4 is consumed by reaction of SiHm radicals with N atoms at the film surface and becomes incorporated into the film. No Si–N precursor species are seen in the plasma. This is in contrast to the NH3–SiH4 plasma, where the Si(NH2)3 radical is the key gas‐phase precursor. If power is insufficient or SiH4 flow is excessive, disilane is formed in the plasma. Under disilane‐free plasma conditions, films slightly N rich with no Si–H bonding and only 11 at. % H (as N–H) can be deposited at high rate (21 nm/min). The film tensile stress characteristic of the NH3 process is absent in the N2 process due to the absence of precursor chemical condensation beneath the growing surface. However, step coverage is much worse in the.
Phase Equilibria in the System Chromium(II) Fluoride-Chromium (III) Fluoride

An investigation of the CrF/sub 2/-CrF/sub 3/ system established the existence of a single chromium(II,III) fluoride covering the solid solution range CrF/sub 2.40/ to CrF/sub 2.45/. There are two invariant points, the eutectic at 831 plus or minus 5 deg containing 14 mole% CrF/sub 3/ and the peritectic at 997 plus or minus 5 deg containing 29 mole% CrF/sub 3/. CrF/sub 3/ forms a solid solution containing 10 mole% CrF/sub 2/. Melting points of the components CrF/sub 2/ and CrF/sub 3/, both previously reported to be 1100 deg , were determined to be 894 plus or minus 6 deg and 1404 plus or minus 20 deg , respectively. Because classical procedures yielded mixed products, new methods of synthesizing CrF/sub 2/ were sought. Five new procedures are reported: disproportionation of CrF/sub 3/ at 1100 deg , pyrolysis of (NH/sub 4/)/sub 3/CrF/ sub 6/ reduction of CrF/sub 3/ with Cr/sup o/ at 1100 deg , reduction of CrCl/sub 3/ with molten SnF/sub 2/, and oxidation of Cr/sup 0/ with a molten fluoride of a more noble metal, SnF/sub 2/, PbF/sub 2/, CuF/sub 2/, CdF/sub 2/, or BiF/sub 3/. (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/CrF/sub 6/ for the preparation of CrF/sub 3/ and CrF/sub 2/ wasmore » synthesized by the reaction of molten NH/sub 4/HF/sub 2/ with CrF/sub 3/. 3H/sub 2/O, CrO/sub 3/, or (NH/sub 4/ )/sub 2/Cr/sub 2/O/sub 7/. The compound chromium(II,III) fluoride, previously unreported. was encountered when the disproportionation of CrF/sub 3/ was incomplete, when CrF/sub 3/ was partially reduced by hydrogen, and when CrF/sub 2/ was oxidized by HF or SnF/sub 2/. The compound forms green, translucent crystals that are biaxial (-) with refractive indices N/sub alpha / = 1.518 and N/sub gamma / = 1.534. (auth)« less
Mechanism of inactivation of heat-tolerant spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus IFO 12550 by rapid decompression

The effect of three rapid decompression methods to clear the mechanism of inactivation of heat tolerant spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus IFO 12550 was investigated. Pressurization of the spores at 200 MPa and 75°C for 60 min caused a kill of 104 CFU/mL by the link-motion system but the nonrotational rod valve and E.G. seal methods gave a kill of about 103 CFU/mL. Sterilization was due to the physical breakdown of spore coat, and was induced by its physical permeability of water at high pressure and temperature. Rapid decompression by the link-motion system at 200 MPa decreased the D-value of the spores from 3000 min (100°C, one atmosphere) to 6 min, 11 min, and 17 min at 95, 85, and 75°C, respectively.
Effects of Redox Condition on Waste Glass Corrosion in the Presence of Magnetite

Static corrosion tests of a powdered simulated waste glass were performed in the presence of magnetite under oxic and anoxic conditions, respectively. The corrosion tests under oxic conditions were performed in air, and those under anoxic conditions were performed in a glove box purged with mixed gas(Ar+5%H 2 ). The experimental results showed that the presence of magnetite can enhance glass corrosion under both oxic and anoxic conditions, and the enhancement under anoxic conditions was small compared to that under oxic conditions. A large portion of the Si and insoluble elements were sorbed onto the magnetite surface, and the sorption under anoxic conditions was small compared to that under oxic conditions. It was suggested that the enhancement of glass corrosion by magnetite results from the sorption or precipitation of silica on the magnetite surface, which can be greatly affected by redox condition. Under anoxic conditions, it was suggested that precipitation of amorphous silica on the magnetite surface may be the dominant process for enhancement of glass corrosion in addition to sorption.
DNA−Chlorophyllin Interaction

Porphyrins and their metal derivatives are strong DNA binders with association constants of around 106 M-1. Some of these compounds have been used for radiation sensitization therapy of cancer and are targeted to interact with cellular DNA. Chlorophyllin (CHLN), a food-grade derivative of chlorophyll (CHL), the ubiquitous green plant pigment widely consumed by humans, is a potent inhibitor of experimental carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of calf-thymus DNA with chlorophyllin in aqueous solution at physiological pH, with CHLN/DNA(phosphate) molar ratios (r) of 1/80, 1/40, 1/20, 1/10 1/4, and 1/2. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy was used to determine the CHLN binding mode, binding constant, sequence selectivity, DNA secondary structure, and structural variations of the DNA−CHLN complexes in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic evidence showed that at low pigment concentration (r = 1/80), CHLN binds DNA via intercalative mode into the G−C and A−T-rich .
Orientational Relaxation Together with Polydispersity Decides Precursor Formation in Polymer Melt Crystallization

We studied the athermal relaxation of bulk extended chains and the isothermal crystallization in an intermediately relaxed melt by means of dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of lattice−polymer systems. The melt contained a memory of chain orientations but no more crystalline order. We found that the athermal relaxation is continuous and homogeneous among the bulk chains, and its rate depends on the chain length. The orientational memory in the melt significantly enhances the rate of crystallization. Nevertheless, no precursor of crystallization occurs in the melt of uniform chain lengths. But, in a binary blend of different chain lengths, the crystallization of oriented long chains acts as the precursor to induce epitaxial crystallization of the relaxed short chains. This mechanism explains the formation of shish-kebab crystals observed frequently in the processing of semicrystalline polymers. The results suggest that in flow-induced polymer crystallization the orientational relaxation of chains decides a s.
Equilibrium moisture content of wood in outdoor locations in the United States and worldwide

With relative humidity and temperature data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the average equilibrium moisture content for each month of the year was calculated for 262 locations in the United States and 122 locations outside the United States. As an aid for storage of kiln-dried lumber, a graph is presented for determining the reduction in equilibrium moisture content that results from heating air in an enclosed storage space above the temperature of the outside air.
Review on Polymer, Hydrogel and Microgel Metal Nanocomposites: A Facile Nanotechnological Approach

The incorporation of metal nanoparticles into polymers has resulted in the origination of a new class of materials that have found fascinating interest in biomedical, catalytic, optical and electronic as well as quantum‐size domain applications. This review article describes different strategies that have been adopted for the synthesis of metal nanocomposite materials with polymers and gel macromolecules (hydrogels and nanogels).
Effects of thermal history on stress‐related properties of very thin films of thermally grown silicon dioxide

This paper presents studies of the infrared (IR) absorbance and the intrinsic stress in thermally grown very thin films (60 to 700 A) of SiO2. These data are combined with previously obtained data for thicker thermally grown films (∼1300 A) to study the variation in intrinsic growth stress close to the Si/SiO2 interface. The combined data indicate that the intrinsic stress at Si/SiO2 interfaces extrapolates to the same relatively high values for oxides grown at 700 and 1000 °C, and that the distribution of Si–O–Si bond angles close to the Si/SiO2 interface, as deduced from the IR data, is quantitatively different than in the bulk of the oxide film. These two observations are explained in terms of a model based on a temperature dependent viscoelastic relaxation of the oxide stress. This model emphasizes differences in the thermal history of the SiO2 near the Si/SiO2 interface, as compared to the SiO2 that is well removed from that interface and is in the bulk of the film and/or close to the ‘‘top’’ surface of the film. The observed differences between the 700 and 1000 °C bulk oxides, and the associated Si/SiO2 interfaces are explained in terms of a renormalized time scale that is defined by the ratio of the growth time to the viscoelastic relaxation time at the growth temperature.
Some advances in osmotic dehydration of fruit/Algunos avances en deshidratación osmótica de frutas

There are many works in the field of osmotic dehydration of fruit where kinetic studies using a macroscopic approach are reported. However, very few studies have been developed from a microscopic point of view, taking into account the compartment structure of the cellular tissue and the complex cell to cell transport phenomena. The latter could allow a better understanding of the process and therefore a more accurate model, but in many cases it is not possible to establish an adequate bridge between microscopic models and practical applications. The analysis of the concentration profiles during mass transfer phenomena in structured foods, being a macroscopic approach, is a very useful tool to clarify the mass transfer mechanisms as well as to calculate the corresponding kinetics. In this paper the concentration profiles of water and solutes, developed throughout the fruit osmotic dehydration, are discussed as a function of the temperature and sample thickness for apple. The profile development is modeled in terms of a new mathematical model, which could avoid some of the restraints of the Fickian equations, usually utilized in this kind of modeling. Another aspect involved in this work is the equilibrium status of the fruit in the osmotic process. Equilibrium data are required to evaluate the true driving force of the mass transfer process. Nevertheless, a lack of studies in this area was detected. The results of extensive work on the behavior of samples until equilibrium is reached in osmotic treatments are also discussed.
Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats Estudo ex vivo e in vivo do uso do tonômetro de aplanação Kowa HA-2 na medição da pressão intraocular em gatos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in cats. Ten healthy eyes were used in an ex vivo study in which the calibration curve for manometry vs. tonometry was determined by artificially raising the IOP in 5 mmHg increments up to 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Both eyes of 10 anesthetized cats were studiedin vivo to compare manometry vs. tonometry. In the ambulatory study, 78 healthy eyes, 7 eyes with glaucoma and 20 eyes with uveitis were evaluated by tonometry, which was performed with topical anesthesia and 1% fluorescein eye drops for the formation of fluorescein semicircles. The correlation coefficient (r2) between the manometer and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer was 0.993 and the linear regression equation was y = 0.0915x + 0.0878 in the ex-vivo study. In the in vivo study, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) in manometry were 15.6 ± 1.1(14.0 – 17.5) and in tonometry were 15.5 ± 1.2(13.5 – 17.2), with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between manometry and tonometry. In ambulatory study, using the Kowa HA-2 tonometer, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) were 15.0 ± 1.5 (11.8 – 18.3) for the healthy eyes, 38.4 ± 8.1(29.6 – 53.7) for glaucomatous eyes and 10.4 ± 2.0(5.3 – 12.2) for eyes with uveitis. There was a strong correlation and accuracy between the IOP values with the manometry and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the ambulatorystudy the IOP values obtained with the tonometer were compatible for animals with healthy eyes and with clinical signs of glaucoma and uveitis. We conclude that the Kowa HA-2 tonometer can be used in the measurement of IOP in cats, since it is a practical and accurate method in this species.
FISHERY AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FISHERIES TARGETING THE MOST IMPORTANT SHARED STOCKS OF AQUATIC BIORESOURCES OF THE BLACK SEA AS A BASIS FOR THEIR REGIONAL ASSESSMENT

Аннотация. Рассмотрено состояние дел в региональном регулировании промысла важнейших запасов водных биологических ресурсов Черного моря. Приведены сведения о размерно-возрастной структуре, вылове и интенсивности промысла, а также о некоторых биологических показателях черноморского шпрота Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso), хамсы Engraulis encrasicolus (L.), черноморской ставриды Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus Aleev, черноморского калкана Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas), барабули Mullus barbatus ponticus Essipov, акулы катрана Squalus acanthias L. , морской лисицы Raja clavata L. , черноморского мерланга Merlangius merlangus euxinus (L.), пеламиды Sarda sarda L. и рапаны Rapana venosa (Valenciennes) в Черном море в 2000–2017 гг. В частности представлены характеристики линейного роста и зависимости «длина–масса» в российских и иностранных водах Черного моря для шпрота, калкана, морской лисицы и рапаны, а также данные о промысловых усилиях и CPUE шпрота, черноморской хамсы, калкана и рапаны. Отмечено, что структура уловов акулы катрана свидетельствует о низкой степени эксплуатации данного вида в Черном море, что ставит под сомнение достоверность высоких региональных оценок промысловой смертности, указывающих на его перелов.
Food Insecurity among Recently Divorced Mothers

Single mothers’ economic hardship is a major concern of public policy. This paper looks at an understudied aspect of this issue food security and utilizes longitudinal SIPP data to understand food security’s relationship with marital dissolution and mothers’ within-marriage characteristics. Results suggest that the accumulation of human capital and assets during marriage is associated with reduced risk of food insecurity to similar extents for married and divorced mothers. However, severe disabilities and the presence of two versus one child during marriage are related to greater increase in the odds of being food insecure for recently divorced mothers than for their continuously married counterparts.