Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Connexin 43 Channels in Osteocytes Are Necessary for Bone Mass and Skeletal Muscle Function in Aged Male Mice

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (termed “Osteosarcopenia”), the twin-aging diseases, are major contributors to reduced bone mass and muscle weakness in the elderly population. Connexin 43 (Cx43) in osteocytes has been previously reported to play vital roles in bone homeostasis and muscle function in mature mice. The Cx43-formed gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) in osteocytes are important portals for the exchange of small molecules in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular matrix, respectively. However, the roles of Cx43-based GJs and HCs in both bone and muscle aging are still unclear. Here, we used two transgenic mouse models with overexpression of the dominant negative Cx43 mutants primarily in osteocytes driven by the 10-kb Dmp1 promoter, R76W mice (inhibited gap junctions but enhanced hemichannels) and Δ130–136 mice (both gap junction and hemichannels are inhibited), to determine the actions of Cx43-based hemichannels (HCs) and gap junctions (GJs) in the regulation of bone and skeletal muscle from aged mice (18 months) as compared with those from adult mice (10 months). We demonstrated that enhancement of Cx43 HCs reduces bone mass due to increased osteoclast surfaces while the impairment of Cx43 HCs increases osteocyte apoptosis in aged mice caused by reduced PGE2 levels. Furthermore, altered mitochondrial homeostasis with reduced expression of Sirt-1, OPA-1, and Drp-1 resulted in excessive ROS level in muscle soleus (SL) of aged transgenic mice. In vitro, the impairment of Cx43 HCs in osteocytes from aged mice also promoted muscle collagen synthesis through activation of TGFβ/smad2/3 signaling because of reduced PGE2 levels in the PO CM. These findings indicate that the enhancement of Cx43 HCs while GJs are inhibited reduces bone mass, and the impairment of Cx43 HCs inhibits PGE2 level in osteocytes and this reduction promotes muscle collagen synthesis in skeletal muscle through activation of TGFβ/smad2/3 signaling, which together with increased ROS level contributes to reduced muscle force in aged mice.
Langevin equation and fractional dynamics

Recent rapid advances in single particle tracking and supercomputing techniques resulted in an unprecedented abundance of diffusion data exhibiting complex behaviours, such the presence of power law tails of the msd and memory functions, commonly referred to as"fractional dynamics". Motivated by these developments, we study the stationary solutions of the classical and generalized Langevin equation as models of the contemporarily observed phenomena. In the first chapter we sketch the historical background of the generalized Langevin equation. The second chapter is devoted to the brief overview of the theory of the Gaussian variables and processes. In the third chapter we derive the generalized Langevin equation from Hamilton's equations of motion. In the fourth chapter the series of propositions and theorems shows that a large class of Langevin equations has a solutions that, sampled in discrete time, are the moving average autoregressive processes, which can be analysed using large number of available statistical methods. The fifth chapter starts with a short introduction into the basic notions of ergodic theory. Then we prove a generalized version of the classical Maruyama's theorem, which describes the time averages of all stationary Gaussian processes with a finite number of spectral atoms. In the last, sixth chapter we continue the study of the non-ergodic solutions of the Langevin equation, this time introducing the ergodicity breaking through the random parametrisation of the equation itself. This leads to a specific form of non-Gaussianity which affects only many-dimensional distributions of the process. The main result of this chapter is the series of propositions which describes the second order structure of solutions of the superstatistical Langevin equation.
Lagrangian quantum field theory in momentum picture. II. Free spinor fields

Free spinor fields, with spin 1/2, are explored in details in the momentum picture of motion in Lagrangian quantum field theory. The field equations are equivalently written in terms of creation and annihilation operators and on their base the anticommutation relations are derived. Some problems concerning the vacuum and state vectors of free spinor field are discussed. Several Lagrangians, describing free spinor fields, are considered and the basic consequences of them are investigated.
Entropic repulsion for the occupation-time field of random interlacements conditioned on disconnection

We investigate percolation of the vacant set of random interlacements on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d\geq 3$, in the strongly percolative regime. We consider the event that the interlacement set at level $u$ disconnects the discrete blow-up of a compact set $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$ from the boundary of an enclosing box. We derive asymptotic large deviation upper bounds on the probability that the local averages of the occupation times deviate from a specific function depending on the harmonic potential of $A$, when disconnection occurs. If certain critical levels coincide, which is plausible but open at the moment, these bounds imply that conditionally on disconnection, the occupation-time profile undergoes an entropic push governed by a specific function depending on $A$. Similar entropic repulsion phenomena conditioned on disconnection by level-sets of the discrete Gaussian free field on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d \geq 3$, have been obtained by the authors in arXiv:1808.09947. Our proofs rely crucially on the `solidification estimates' developed in arXiv:1706.07229 by A. -S. Sznitman and the second author.
Atoroidal dynamics of subgroups of Out(FN)

We show that for any subgroup H of Out(FN) , either H contains an atoroidal element or a finite index subgroup H′ of H fixes a nontrivial conjugacy class in FN . This result is an analog of Ivanov's subgroup theorem for mapping class groups and Handel–Mosher's subgroup theorem for Out(FN) in the setting of irreducible elements.
Topological entropy and partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms

Abstract We consider partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on compact manifolds. We define the notion of the unstable and stable foliations stably carrying some unique non-trivial homologies. Under this topological assumption, we prove the following two results: if the center foliation is one-dimensional, then the topological entropy is locally a constant; and if the center foliation is two-dimensional, then the topological entropy is continuous on the set of all $C^{\infty }$ diffeomorphisms. The proof uses a topological invariant we introduced, Yomdin’s theorem on upper semi-continuity, Katok’s theorem on lower semi-continuity for two-dimensional systems, and a refined Pesin–Ruelle inequality we proved for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms.
Comparative ecology of chasmogamous and cleistogamous reproduction in Danthonia compressa: effects of floral type and maternal environment

The significance of maternal and progeny environment to chasmogamy (CH) and cleistogamy (CL) in perennial plants is not well known. The perennial grass Danthonia compressa produces CH spikelets capable of outcrossing on terminal panicles in summer followed by selfing axillary CL spikelets in autumn. This study compared CH and CL seed mass, germination, seedling size, tillering, and reproduction in a sunny woodland edge and shaded interior habitat in the Catskill Mountains of New York State. CL seeds were significantly heavier than CH seeds. Numbers and mass of both seed types were greater in the edge. CL seeds showed much greater germination than CH seeds in both environments during spring, 2018; CL seedlings were larger than CH seedlings in the sunnier habitat. Survival was much greater in the edge than interior and higher for CL seedlings. After 27 months, maternal effects were mostly not detected and there was no significant effect of plant type (CH vs CL) on tiller production, final biomass, or reproduction via CH and CL. For this native grass, non-dispersed CL seeds may be more critical to seedling establishment and population persistence due to greater mass and germinability, and better plant survival, relative to smaller, dispersible CH seeds.
Economic Complexity and Economic Development in ASEAN Countries

This paper investigates the changes in export quality among ASEAN countries over time by using the economic complexity index. Specifically, we used HS 6-digit detailed trade data for 197 countries over the period from 2000-2017. The results show that the economic complexity of most ASEAN countries, except for Cambodia, Laos, and Indonesia, has improved. The export baskets of ASEAN countries are shifting from low complexity products to medium and high complexity products. We also evaluate the export quality of countries using weighted product complexity, which shows that the export quality of ASEAN countries has improved. The regression results show that economic complexity has positive effects on economic growth, and they also show that infrastructure, education level, trade openness, and financial openness contribute to the development of countries. However, the impact extent of economic complexity varies among different ASEAN countries; for example, its impact is weaker in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia but stronger in Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Philippines.
Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence for tame harmonic bundles II

Let X be a smooth irreducible projective complex variety with an ample line bundle L, and D be a simple normal crossing hypersurface. We establish the Kobayashi‐ Hitchin correspondence between tame harmonic bundles on X D and L ‐stable parabolic ‐flat bundles with trivial characteristic numbers on . X;D/. In particular, we obtain the quasiprojective version of the Corlette‐Simpson correspondence between flat bundles and Higgs bundles. 14J60; 53C07
An Explicit Result for Primes Between Cubes

We prove that there is a prime between $n^3$ and $(n+1)^3$ for all $n \geq \exp(\exp(33.217))$. Our new tool which we derive is a version of Landau's explicit formula for the Riemann zeta-function with explicit bounds on the error term. We use this along with other recent explicit estimates regarding the zeroes of the Riemann zeta-function to obtain the result. Furthermore, we show that there is a prime between any two consecutive $m$th powers for $m \geq 4.971 \times 10^9$.
Understanding the Challenges and Needs of International STEM Graduate Students: Implications for Writing Center Writing Groups

: We report outcomes from a multi-year study of writing center-sponsored writing groups at a land-grant university in the American Midwest to advocate for the unique needs of international STEM graduate students. Survey participants self-reported writing confidence, academic knowledge, amenability to peer feedback and collaboration, and other characteristics. Scores were low for international students, lower for STEM students, and lowest among international STEM students. International STEM graduate students also reported the highest degrees of improvement between pre-and post-participation surveys. We argue that writing centers and academic departments need to develop support services tailored to the unique needs of this population.
Critical and Flow-Critical Snarks Coincide

Abstract Over the past twenty years, critical and bicritical snarks have been appearing in the literature in various forms and in different contexts. Two main variants of criticality of snarks have been studied: criticality with respect to the non-existence of a 3-edge-colouring and criticality with respect to the non-existence of a nowhere-zero 4-flow. In this paper we show that these two kinds of criticality coincide, thereby completing previous partial results of de Freitas et al. [Electron. Notes Discrete Math. 50 (2015) 199–204] and Fiol et al. [Electron. J. Combin. 25 (2017) #P4.54].
Oblique boundary value problems for augmented Hessian equations I

In this paper, we study global regularity for oblique boundary value problems of augmented Hessian equations for a class of general operators. By assuming a natural convexity condition of the domain together with appropriate convexity conditions on the matrix function in the augmented Hessian, we develop a global theory for classical elliptic solutions by establishing global a priori derivative estimates up to second order. Besides the known applications for Monge–Ampère type operators in optimal transportation and geometric optics, the general theory here embraces Neumann problems arising from prescribed mean curvature problems in conformal geometry as well as general oblique boundary value problems for augmented k-Hessian, Hessian quotient equations and certain degenerate equations.
The Mutating Contact Process: Model Introduction and Qualitative Analysis of Phase Transitions in its Survival

We introduce and study the mutating contact process, a variant of the multitype contact process, where one type mutates at a constant rate to the other type. We prove that on $\mathbb{Z}$ a single mutant cannot survive while on $\mathbb{T}_{d}$ there are distinct weak survival and extinction of a single mutant phases, yet the limiting distribution concentrates on configurations with no mutants of the first type for any values of the parameters.
Symplectic $\mathbf{S}^{1} \times N^3$, subgroup separability, and vanishing Thurston norm

Let be a closed, oriented -manifold. A folklore conjecture states that admits a symplectic structure if and only if admits a fibration over the circle. We will prove this conjecture in the case when is irreducible and its fundamental group satisfies appropriate subgroup separability conditions. This statement includes -manifolds with vanishing Thurston norm, graph manifolds and -manifolds with surface subgroup separability (a condition satisfied conjecturally by all hyperbolic -manifolds). Our result covers, in particular, the case of 0-framed surgeries along knots of genus one. The statement follows from the proof that twisted Alexander polynomials decide fiberability for all the -manifolds listed above. As a corollary, it follows that twisted Alexander polynomials decide if a knot of genus one is fibered.
Some Classical Models of Particles and Quantum Gauge Theories

The article contains a review and new results of some mathematical models relevant to the interpretation of quantum mechanics and emulating well-known quantum gauge theories, such as scalar electrodynamics (Klein–Gordon–Maxwell electrodynamics), spinor electrodynamics (Dirac–Maxwell electrodynamics), etc. In these models, evolution is typically described by modified Maxwell equations. In the case of scalar electrodynamics, the scalar complex wave function can be made real by a gauge transformation, the wave function can be algebraically eliminated from the equations of scalar electrodynamics, and the resulting modified Maxwell equations describe the independent evolution of the electromagnetic field. Similar results were obtained for spinor electrodynamics. Three out of four components of the Dirac spinor can be algebraically eliminated from the Dirac equation, and the remaining component can be made real by a gauge transformation. A similar result was obtained for the Dirac equation in the Yang–Mills field. As quantum gauge theories play a central role in modern physics, the approach of this article may be sufficiently general. One-particle wave functions can be modeled as plasma-like collections of a large number of particles and antiparticles. This seems to enable the simulation of quantum phase-space distribution functions, such as the Wigner distribution function, which are not necessarily non-negative.
Measurement of Closure Forces During Abdominal Wall Closure as a New Parameter for Incisional Hernia Prevention: an Experimental Animal Study

Measurement of Closure Forces During Abdominal Wall Closure as a New Parameter Abstract Background : Many factors have been related to the appearance of an incisional hernia. The level of tension in the sutured laparotomy is one of them so an experimental animal study was carried out to understand the forces applied during the closure of a laparotomy. Method : Twenty-seven female pigs were divided into three groups depending on their weight 20 kg, 50 kg and 100 kg, respectively. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups depending on the distance measured from the fascial edge to the stitch (5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm). All animals underwent a laparotomy
On existence and uniqueness for non-autonomous parabolic Cauchy problems with rough coefficients

We consider existence and uniqueness issues for the initial value problem of parabolic equations $\partial_{t} u = {\rm div} A \nabla u$ on the upper half space, with initial data in $L^p$ spaces. The coefficient matrix $A$ is assumed to be uniformly elliptic, but merely bounded measurable in space and time. For real coefficients and a single equation, this is an old topic for which a comprehensive theory is available, culminating in the work of Aronson. Much less is understood for complex coefficients or systems of equations except for the work of Lions, mainly because of the failure of maximum principles. In this paper, we come back to this topic with new methods that do not rely on maximum principles. This allows us to treat systems in this generality when $p\geq 2$, or under certain assumptions such as bounded variation in the time variable (a much weaker assumption that the usual H\"older continuity assumption) when $p< 2$. We reobtain results for real coefficients, and also complement them. For instance, we obtain uniqueness for arbitrary $L^p$ data, $1\leq p \leq \infty$, in the class $L^\infty(0,T; L^p({\mathbb{R}}^n))$. Our approach to the existence problem relies on a careful construction of propagators for an appropriate energy space, encompassing previous constructions. Our approach to the uniqueness problem, the most novel aspect here, relies on a parabolic version of the Kenig-Pipher maximal function, used in the context of elliptic equations on non-smooth domains. We also prove comparison estimates involving conical square functions of Lusin type and prove some Fatou type results about non-tangential convergence of solutions. Recent results on maximal regularity operators in tent spaces that do not require pointwise heat kernel bounds are key tools in this study.
Masked Auto-Encoding Spectral–Spatial Transformer for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Deep learning has certainly become the dominant trend in hyperspectral (HS) remote sensing (RS) image classification owing to its excellent capabilities to extract highly discriminating spectral–spatial features. In this context, transformer networks have recently shown prominent results in distinguishing even the most subtle spectral differences because of their potential to characterize sequential spectral data. Nonetheless, many complexities affecting HS remote sensing data (e.g., atmospheric effects, thermal noise, quantization noise) may severely undermine such potential since no mode of relieving noisy feature patterns has still been developed within transformer networks. To address the problem, this article presents a novel masked auto-encoding spectral–spatial transformer (MAEST), which gathers two different collaborative branches: 1) a reconstruction path, which dynamically uncovers the most robust encoding features based on a masking auto-encoding strategy, and 2) a classification path, which embeds these features onto a transformer network to classify the data focusing on the features that better reconstruct the input. Unlike other existing models, this novel design pursues to learn refined transformer features considering the aforementioned complexities of the HS remote sensing image domain. The experimental comparison, including several state-of-the-art methods and benchmark datasets, shows the superior results obtained by MAEST. The codes of this article will be available at https://github.com/ibanezfd/MAEST.
Compound Regularization of Full-Waveform Inversion for Imaging Piecewise Media

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an iterative nonlinear waveform matching procedure, which seeks to reconstruct unknown model parameters from partial waveform measurements. The nonlinear and ill-posed nature of FWI requires sophisticated regularization techniques to solve it. In most applications, the model parameters may be described by physical properties (e.g., wave speeds, density, attenuation, and anisotropy) that are piecewise functions of space. Compound regularizations are, thus, beneficial to capture these different functions by FWI. We consider different implementations of compound regularizations in the wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) method, a formulation of FWI that extends its search space and mitigates the so-called cycle skipping pathology. Our hybrid regularizations rely on the Tikhonov and total variation (TV) functionals, from which we build two classes of hybrid regularizers: the first class is simply obtained by a convex combination (CC) of the two functionals, while the second relies on their infimal convolution (IC). In the former class, the model parameters are required to simultaneously satisfy different priors, while in the latter, the model is broken into its basic components, each satisfying a distinct prior (e.g., smooth, piecewise constant, and piecewise linear). We implement these compound regularizations in WRI using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Then, we assess our regularized WRI for seismic imaging applications. Using a wide range of subsurface models, we conclude that the compound regularizer based on IC leads to the lowest error in the parameter reconstruction compared to that obtained with the CC counterpart and the Tikhonov and TV regularizers when used independently.
A Compact Artificial Spiking Neuron Using a Sharp-Switching FET With Ultra-Low Energy Consumption Down to 0.45 fJ/Spike

In this article, we first utilize a zero subthreshold swing and zero impact ionization FET (Z2-FET) as an innovative artificial spiking neuron and demonstrate it with CMOS-compatible technology. Owing to the sharp-switching and hysteresis characteristics of Z2-FET, the artificial neuron successfully emulates the key biological neuronal behaviors based on a single device, including threshold-driven spiking and stimulus strength-modulated frequency response. Furthermore, the firing threshold of the neuron is conveniently tuned by the gate voltage, which is helpful in the application of spiking neural networks (SNN). A preliminary endurance up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${2}\times {10}^{{8}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycles is obtained in the neuron. TCAD simulations further verify the scaling capability of the Z2-FET neuron and its energy consumption is estimated. The results suggest that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{Z}^{\vphantom {D^{f}}{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET has great potential for highly compact and energy-efficient artificial spiking neurons.