Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Pragmatic Study for Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency through Labor Freedom

The study aims to explore labor freedom in the agricultural sector for enhancing the efficiency of farming through policy change towards assigning property rights, rental contracts, and better wage-employment options to rural workers. Labor freedom emphasizes land reform and development policy for improving the economic status and capabilities of rural workers. The paper assessed the labor freedom index, weighted through agricultural property rights, labor wage contracts, and rural development policy. Data envelopment analysis is used to assess farm-level efficiency under the framework of Tobit regression for different size-based farm categories. Farm-level information was collected through a primary survey of 336 rural households of an advanced agricultural state in India. The study found a positive association between farm size and intensity of labor freedom, although the extent of freedom differs among farms. Size-specific variation was also observed for allocative efficiency such that marginal and medium-sized farms are more efficient than smaller ones. Tobit regression indicated labor freedom to be positively and significantly related to the efficiency of marginal, small and overall farms with enhancing efficiency of 25, 17 and nearly 20%, respectively; however, estimates of labor freedom insignificantly increased the efficiency of mediums farms, by 4.8%. This result suggests that labor freedom positive and significantly affects the efficiency of farms in general, and marginal and small farms in particular. Of course, the elasticity estimate of enhancing efficiency through labor freedom for medium farmers is found at a lower level.
Evaluation of a Concrete Slab Track with Debonding at the Interface between Track Concrete Layer and Hydraulically Stabilized Base Course Using Multi-Channel Impact-Echo Testing

Multi-channel Impact-echo (IE) testing was used to evaluate debonding defects at the interface between track concrete layer, TCL, and hydraulically stabilized base course, HSB, in a real scale mockup model of concrete slab tracks for Korea high-speed railway (KHSR) system. The mockup model includes three debonding defects that were fabricated by inserting three 400 mm by 400 mm (length and width) thin plastic foam boards with three different thicknesses of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, before casting concrete in TCL. Multi-channel IE signals obtained over solid concrete and debonding defects were reduced to three critical IE testing parameters (the velocity of concrete, peak frequency, and Q factor). Bilinear classification models were used to evaluate the individual and a combination of the characteristic parameters. It was demonstrated that the best evaluation performance was obtained by using average peak frequency or the combination of average peak frequency and average Q factor, obtained by eight accelerometers in the multi-channel IE device. The results and discussion in this study would improve the understanding of characteristics of multiple IE testing parameters in concrete slab tracks and provide a fundamental basis to develop an effective prediction model of non-destructive evaluation for debonding defects at the interface between TCL and HSB in concrete slab tracks.
How interpersonal ties affect interorganizational trust in construction projects: role differences and cross-level effects

Abstract Interorganizational trust significantly impacts performance, while distrust leads to high costs. How to effectively build interorganizational trust is critical, whereas few studies point out how boundary spanners, as representatives of the interaction between two organisations, affect interorganizational trust. The authors put forward a trust-building mechanism to verify whether interpersonal ties (obligatory ties, instrumental ties, and affective ties) promote interorganizational trust through the establishment of interpersonal trust and compare the differences in trust-building mechanisms between different boundary spanners (project leaders and team members). By adopting structural equation modelling and regression analysis, the data of 271 questionnaires from the construction industry in China reveal that as for team members, cognitive and affective trust significantly mediate the relationship between interpersonal ties and interorganizational trust. But as for project leaders, only cognitive trust has a significant mediating effect. This cross-level mechanism to answer how interpersonal ties affect interorganizational trust further enriches social embeddedness theory. Meanwhile, by distinguishing the differences of trust-building mechanisms between different boundary spanners, the research on stakeholders’ trust-building mechanisms can also be expanded.
Theory and applications of new fractional-order chaotic system under Caputo operator

This paper introduces the properties of a fractional-order chaotic system described by the Caputo derivative. The impact of the fractional-order derivative has been focused on. The phase portraits in different orders are obtained with the aids of the proposed numerical discretization, including the discretization of the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. The stability analysis has been used to help us to delimit the chaotic region. In other words, the region where the order of the Caputo derivative involves and where the presented system in this paper is chaotic. The nature of the chaos has been established using the Lyapunov exponents in the fractional context. The schematic circuit of the proposed fractional-order chaotic system has been presented and simulated in via Mutltisim. The results obtained via Multisim simulation of the chaotic circuit are in good agreement with the results with Matlab simulations. That provided the fractional operators can be applied in real- worlds applications as modeling electrical circuits. The presence of coexisting attractors for particular values of the parameters of the presented fractional-order chaotic model has been studied.
Is There an Ideological Asymmetry in the Incumbency Effect? Evidence From U.S. Congressional Elections

The electoral advantage that incumbent legislators enjoy over challengers in the U.S. Congress has been investigated extensively in political science. Very few studies, however, have considered the role of individual differences when it comes to incumbency preferences among voters. Based on theory and research in political psychology, we hypothesized that political conservatives would exhibit stronger preferences than liberals for incumbents over challengers from the same party. Extensive analyses based on more than 150,000 voters from seven election cycles in the United States from 2006 to 2018 support this hypothesis. A significant effect of conservatism on incumbency preferences was observed in the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, and it was not attributable to Republican Party identification. This ideological asymmetry is consistent with system justification theory and prior research linking conservatism to risk aversion and status quo bias. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Academic Environment

The establishment of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the academic environment, through its basilar conceptual dimensions such as proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking, has been the subject of relevant debate for academics, higher education managers, and policy-makers. In this context, this article aims to analyze the establishment of EO in the academic environment, pursuing an entrepreneurial university model. Thus, the strategy of multiple case studies was adopted, based on three universities: two in Brazil, the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS) and the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), and one in Sweden, the Lund University (LU). Results show that the EO established by the universities studied is seen in several times and in different ways through its conceptual dimensions, suitable to the academic context. The movements observed in the three cases researched show non-sporadic behaviors towards an entrepreneurial university model over time.
venous thromboembolism Running head: D-dimer and incident venous thromboembolism

Background: D-dimer, a global biomarker for activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems, is useful in assessing individual risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence. However, there is limited information on the association between D-dimer and risk of a first lifetime VTE event. Objectives: To investigate the association between plasma D-dimer levels and risk of future incident VTE. Methods: A population-based nested case-control study, comprising 414 VTE patients and 843 randomly selected age-and sex-matched controls, was derived from the Tromsø Study (1994-2007). D-dimer was measured in plasma samples collected at cohort baseline (1994-95). Odds ratios (ORs) for VTE with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to quartile cut-offs of D-dimer levels determined in controls. Results: The risk of VTE increased across quartiles of D-dimer levels ( P trend =0.014) in the age-and sex-adjusted model. Participants with plasma D-dimer levels in the highest quartile (≥152 ng/mL) had an OR for VTE of 1.65 (95% CI 1.14-2.40) compared with those in the lowest quartile (<94 ng/mL). The ORs were marginally attenuated after additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.20) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.90-1.98). Similar results were obtained for VTE subgroups, i.e. deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and provoked/unprovoked events. Conclusion: Our results indicate that elevated plasma D-dimer levels are associated with increased risk of incident VTE. However, the attenuation of risk estimates upon additional adjustment for BMI and CRP suggests that D-dimer partly reflects underlying conditions associated with obesity and an inflammatory state.
Cortical credit assignment by Hebbian, neuromodulatory and inhibitory plasticity.

The cortex learns to make associations between stimuli and spiking activity which supports behaviour. It does this by adjusting synaptic weights. The complexity of these transformations implies that synapses have to change without access to the full error information, a problem typically referred to as "credit-assignment". However, it remains unknown how the cortex solves this problem. We propose that a combination of plasticity rules, 1) Hebbian, 2) acetylcholine-dependent and 3) noradrenaline-dependent excitatory plasticity, together with 4) inhibitory plasticity restoring E/I balance, effectively solves the credit assignment problem. We derive conditions under-which a neuron model can learn a number of associations approaching its theoretical capacity. We confirm our predictions regarding acetylcholine-dependent and inhibitory plasticity by reanalysing experimental data. Our work suggests that detailed cortical E/I balance reduces the dimensionality of the problem of associating inputs with outputs, thereby allowing imperfect "supervision" by neuromodulatory systems to guide learning effectively.
Influence of Motion Pattern on Shaping Ability of Two Single File Systems in Curved Root Canals

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the influence of motion pattern on shaping ability of two single file systems (Reciproc and Neoniti) in severely curved mesiobuccal (MB) root canal of human mandibular first molars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning. Materials and Methods: Forty non-calcified Mesio-buccal root canals with mature apices and apical curvature of 20-45 o and Radius less than 15mm were selected from extracted human mandibular first molars. The samples were divided according to the instrument (n=20) into group I (Reciproc R 25/08) and group II (Neoniti R 25/08). Each group was subdivided according to the motion (n=10) Subgroup A: reciprocation motion (RM) Subgroup B: full rotation motion (CM). After preparation, the amount of apical transportation, centering ability and radius change were assessed by evaluating pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT scans by superimposing in four section (2, 4, 6 and 8 mm from apical foramen). the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no ststistical significant difference in canal transportation among the subgroups at three studied levels (2, 4, and 8 mm from the root apex) (P>0.05) in both Bucco-Lingual and Mesio-Distal directions, but at 6mm level where Neoniti CM peroduced significantly more amount of canal transportation than Neoniti RM in MD direction. The ability of instruments to remain centered in prepared canals at 2 and 4 mm levels was significantly higher in Neoniti RM ( P <0.05) in MD dimension. The centering ratio at 6 and 8 mm level and in BL dimension were not significantly different among the tested subgroups(P>0.05). The change of the radius values and percentage produced no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The motion pattern has an impact on the shaping ability of the severly curved root canal. Reciprocation motion enhances transition of the file inside the canal with minimal procedural errors.It seems that the difference between Neoniti and Reciproc is of little importance concerning apical transportation and centering ability and Radius change. Also both files preserve the root canal anatomy.
Permanence properties of verbal products and verbal wreath products of groups

By means of analyzing the notion of verbal products of groups, we show that soficity, hyperlinearity, amenability, the Haagerup property, the Kazhdan's property (T) and exactness are preserved under taking $k$-nilpotent products of groups, while being orderable is not. We also study these properties for solvable and Burnside products of groups. We then show that if two discrete groups are sofic, (respectively have the Haagerup property), their restricted verbal wreath product arising from nilpotent, solvable and certain Burnside products is also sofic (resp. has the Haagerup Property). We also prove related results for hyperlinear, linear sofic and weak sofic approximations. Finally, we give applications combining our work with the Shmelkin embedding to show that certain quotients of free groups are sofic or have the Haagerup property.
DIGITALIZED COMMERCE: A RESEARCH ON SENIOR FRIENDLY E-COMMERCE SITES

With the impact of globalization and technological developments, the pressure of competition has become more felt by companies. Commercial activities carried on a digital platform, taking the prefix "e" as it is attached to almost every activity, both threaten companies and offer endless opportunities for them. Businesses are both able to reach new markets and they have the chance to reduce costs such as stock and communication. On the other hand, the number of competitors is increasing due to the fact that every company with internet access has equal opportunities. From the customer's point of view, there is the possibility of reaching various types of cheap products independently from time and place. Beyond these, it is also the case that the activities of these companies revitalize the economies of the countries. When various statistics are examined, it is seen that the world population is getting older due to different factors, the elderly individuals have increased their information technologies and internet usage rates, and they are using the internet not only for reading news but also for shopping. The information obtained is a warning that all actors, especially commercial organizations operating on the internet, should pay attention to elderly people in their designs. Businesses with future visions can make their websites suitable for the use of the elderly, attracting them and getting advantage over their competitors. Therefore, researching whether or not internet sites are elderly friendly appears as $ 602 Submit Date: 07.05. 2018, Acceptance Date: 17.08. 2018, DOI NO: 10.7456/10804100/002 Research Article This article was checked by Turnitin Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication TOJDAC ISSN: 2146-5193, October 2018 Volume 8 Issue 4, p. 602-614 an area of study. The research topic, that can be applied to many different sectors operating on the internet, is focused on electronic commerce sites in this study. 10 e-commerce sites, which are among the top 50 websites in Turkey as published by Alexa company and are listed in the news article published by Hurriyet newspaper titled “top 10 most successful e-commerce sites in Turkey”, constitute the sample of this study. These 10 e-commerce sites have been reviewed based on the elderly friendly website criteria in the "Making Your Website Senior Friendly" document issued by the National Aging Institute.
The almost sure theory of finite metric spaces

We establish an approximate zero‐one law for sentences of continuous logic over finite metric spaces of diameter at most 1. More precisely, we axiomatize a complete metric theory TAS such that, given any sentence σ in the language of pure metric spaces and any ε>0 , the probability that the difference of the value of σ in a random metric space of size n and the value of σ in any model of TAS is less than ε approaches 1 as n approaches infinity. We also establish some model‐theoretic properties of the theory TAS .
Food Additives & Contaminants : Part A

Cadmium body burden of the Swiss population Judith Jenny-Burri, Max Haldimann, Beat J. Brüschweiler, Murielle Bochud, Michel Burnier, Fred Paccaud & Vincent Dudler To cite this article: Judith Jenny-Burri, Max Haldimann, Beat J. Brüschweiler, Murielle Bochud, Michel Burnier, Fred Paccaud & Vincent Dudler (2015) Cadmium body burden of the Swiss population, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 32:8, 1265-1272, DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015. 1051137 To link to this article: http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/19440049.2015. 1051137
The Effect of Circuit Training and Beetroot Training on the Increased Endurance of Karate Athletes

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Circuit Training training and beetroot giving to the improvement of endurance abilities in karate athletes. This research method using experimental methods. Population and sample were 10 athletes of Karate Dojo at SMA PAB 4 Sampali who were obtained by total sampling technique, then divided into two groups using matching pairing techniques, namely the Circuit Training training group and giving beets and without giving beets (control group). The research instrument for data collection using tests and measurements, namely the Bleeb test endurance test. The first hypothesis 0.120> 0.05, Ha is rejected, meaning that the first hypothesis Ho is accepted, there is no significant effect of Circuit Training training and Beetroot Training on the increase in athlete's endurance. The second hypothesis 0.183> 0.05, Ha is rejected, meaning that the conclusion of the second hypothesis Ho is accepted there is no significant effect of Circuit Training without giving beet fruit (control group) on the increase in athlete's endurance. The third hypothesis shows that the Sig. 0.757> 0.05, then Ha is rejected, that is, there is no significant difference between the average value of the post-training circuit training and the giving of beets between the experimental group without giving beets (control group).
Early season root growth, soil aggregation and stratification of nutrients and soil properties after six annual treatments of fertilizer rates and seeding systems

Abstract Fertilizer application and tillage practices have been found to influence root growth and soil properties. The objectives of the current study were to assess the response of early season root growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), aggregates stability in the 0–7.5 cm of soil, and nutrient concentrations and soil properties in the 0–7.5, 7.5–15.0, 15.0–22.5 and 22.5–30.0 cm soil, to 6 years of different soil test-based fertilizer rates and seeding systems. Before these assessments, soil test-based fertilizer rates (0, 60, 100 and 140%) and seeding systems (direct seeding, DS; and minimum tillage, MT) had been used for six years (2010–2015) to grow crops on a clay loam soil in the southeast Peace Region (legal: NW7-77-20W5; GPS: 55°39′38.43″N, 117°6′10.64″W) of Alberta, Canada. The length, surface area, volume and number of tips for canola and barley roots in the early growing season (from May 11 to June 17) of 2015 were greater with the 100% than the 0% fertilizer rate. They also tended to be greater under the DS than MT system. The length, surface area and volume of roots were greater for barley than canola, while the number of tips for both crops were in a similar range. The stability of soil aggregate (after the 2015 growing season) showed positive effects of fertilizer application and reduced tillage intensity. Soil samples collected in the spring 2016 indicated increased stratification of some nutrients and soil properties from higher fertilizer rates. These trends were more evident under the DS than the MT seeding system. Organic matter content and P concentration declined with depth, while pH, Ca and Mg increased with depth, and the change with depth tended to be greater at the 100% than 0% fertilizer rate. No change in stratification of NO3-N and SO4-S was noticed as a result of fertilizer rates. Overall, 6 years of different fertilizer rates and tillage systems influenced the early season growth of canola and barley roots, the soil aggregates stability and the stratification of some nutrients and soil properties.
MOLECULAR STUDIES ON SOME VIRULENCE FACTORS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM CHICKENS AS A BIOFILM FORMING BACTERIA

This study was aimed to isolate and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) from 150 diseased broiler chickens in addition to 50 environmental swabs from water pipes and tanks to examine their susceptibility against some commonly used antimicrobial agents, in addition to detection of some virulence genes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and evaluation of its ability to form biofilm in vitro. Clinically the affected chickens were subjected to postmortem examination (P.M) then samples from internal organs such as (liver, heart, lung, spleen, and intestine); tracheal and environmental swabs were collected and subjected to bacteriological examination and identification. Twenty P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from the diseased chickens and environmental swabs with an incidence of (10%). Sixteen isolates were isolated from internal organs of 150 diseased chickens with an incidence of (10.66%); meanwhile 4 isolates were recoded from 50 water pipes and tanks swabs with a percentage of (8%). Antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed highly sensitivity to amikacin and colistin sulphate with percentages of (90%) for each of them. Doxycycline showed resistance with a percentage of (75%). PCR technique was a good tool for testing three virulence genes; pslA, pelA and fliC genes; the three genes were detected in of the examined samples with a percentage of (100%). A significant relationship between the existence of three virulence genes in the isolated P. aeruginosa and ability of biofilm formation (Slime producing ability) was reported in this study.
Generation Gaps:

The discussion forum is a significant component of online courses. Instructors and students rely on these asynchronous forums to engage one another in ways that potentially promote critical thinking. This research investigates the relationships between critical thinking and teaching presence in an asynchronous discussion environment through quasi-experiment, pre-test-post-test design. The results demonstrate that when teaching presence was increased in the discussion forum there was a significant increase in learners‟ level of critical thinking.