Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mas Receptor Activation Attenuates Allergic Airway In�ammation via Inhibiting JNK/CCL2-induced Macrophage Recruitment

Background: Defective absorption of acute allergic airway in�ammation is involved in the initiation and development of chronic asthma. After allergen exposure, there is a rapid recruitment of macrophages around the airways, which promote acute in�ammatory responses. The Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis reportedly plays protective roles in various tissue in�ammation and remodeling processes in vivo. However, the exact role of Mas receptor and their underlying mechanisms during the pathology of acute allergic airway in�ammation remains unclear. Methods: Mas receptor expression was assessed in ovalbumin-induced acute asthmatic murine model. Then we estimated the anti-in�ammatory role of Mas receptor in vivo and explored expressions of several known in�ammatory cytokines as well as phosphorylation levels of MAPK pathways. Mas receptor functions and underlying mechanisms were studied further in the human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). Results: Mas receptor expression decreased in acute allergic airway in�ammation. Multiplex immuno�uorescence co-localized Mas receptor and EpCAM, indicated that Mas receptor may function in the bronchial epithelium. Activating Mas receptor through AVE0991 signi�cantly alleviated macrophage in�ltration in airway in�ammation, accompanied with down-regulation of CCL2 and phosphorylation levels of MAPK pathways. Further studies in 16HBE showed that AVE0991 pre-treatment inhibited LPS-induced or anisomycin-induced CCL2 increase and THP-1 macrophages migration via JNK pathways. Conclusion: Our �ndings suggested that Mas receptor activation signi�cantly attenuated CCL2 dependent macrophage recruitments in acute allergic airway in�ammation through JNK pathways, which indicated that Mas receptor, CCL2 and phospho-JNK could be potential targets against allergic airway in�ammation. we showed that Mas and co-localized with In vivo studies showed AVE0991 down regulation and phosphorylation levels of MAPK pathways. In vitro studies in 16HBE showed that AVE0991 pre-treatment inhibited LPS- or CCL2 increase and THP-1 macrophages migration via pathway. Our data suggests that besides Mas receptor, CCL2 and potential
Planning Cities for the Future: The Successes And Failures of Urban Economic Strategies in Europe.

Preface 1. The Context 2. The Literature on Urban Competitiveness and Strategic-Economic Planning 3. The Economic and Geographic Analysis of Urban Competitiveness 4. The Ten Cities at the Outset of the 1990s 5. The Plans and the Events of the Decade of the 1990s 6. The Plans for the Coming Decade 7. Crucial Factors in Success or Failure in Strategic-Economic Planning Bibliography Index.
HDAC1 links early life stress to schizophrenia-like phenotypes

Significance Early life stress (ELS) is an important risk factor for schizophrenia. Our study shows that ELS in mice increases the levels of histone-deacetylase (HDAC) 1 in brain and blood. Although altered Hdac1 expression in response to ELS is widespread, increased Hdac1 levels in the prefrontal cortex are responsible for the development of schizophrenia-like phenotypes. In turn, administration of an HDAC inhibitor ameliorates ELS-induced schizophrenia-like phenotypes. We also show that Hdac1 levels are increased in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and in blood from patients who suffered from ELS, suggesting that the analysis of Hdac1 expression in blood could be used for patient stratification and individualized therapy. Schizophrenia is a devastating disease that arises on the background of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors, such as early life stress (ELS). In this study, we show that ELS-induced schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mice correlate with a widespread increase of histone-deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) expression that is linked to altered DNA methylation. Hdac1 overexpression in neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the dorsal or ventral hippocampus, mimics schizophrenia-like phenotypes induced by ELS. Systemic administration of an HDAC inhibitor rescues the detrimental effects of ELS when applied after the manifestation of disease phenotypes. In addition to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, mice subjected to ELS exhibit increased Hdac1 expression in blood. Moreover, Hdac1 levels are increased in blood samples from patients with schizophrenia who had encountered ELS, compared with patients without ELS experience. Our data suggest that HDAC1 inhibition should be considered as a therapeutic approach to treat schizophrenia.
Predictors of Estimated GFR Decline in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Preserved Kidney Function

Background and objectives This study examined predictors of the annual decline in estimated GFR (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function. Design, setting, participants, & measurements In a prospective, observational cohort study, 1682 individuals with type 2 diabetes and baseline eGFR $ 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (as estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) were followed for 10 years. Linear regression was used to estimate participants ’ changes in eGFR over time. Results During follow-up, 263 (15.6%) individuals had a rapid eGFR decline de ﬁ ned as . 4.0% per year. Average eGFR decline was 2 5.8 6 3 and 2 0.6 6 2 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year in rapid decliners and nondecliners, re-spectively. Compared with normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients ( 2 0.2 6 0.2 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year), those with hypertension ( 2 1.0 6 0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year), hemoglobin A 1c $ 7% ( 2 1.0 6 0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year), longer diabetes duration ( 2 1.0 6 0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year), obesity ( 2 1.2 6 0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year), insulin treatment ( 2 1.5 6 0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year), microalbuminuria ( 2 1.3 6 0.2 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year), or macroalbuminuria ( 2 2.7 6 0.4 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year) had signi ﬁ cantly faster age-adjusted annual eGFR declines. Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that albuminuria ( P , 0.001) was the strongest predictor of annual eGFR decline. Other independent predictors of annual eGFR decline were older age, hypertension, insulin treatment, and lower baseline eGFR. Conclusions Annual eGFR decline is predicted by multiple modi ﬁ able risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function.
Process‐based modeling of silicate mineral weathering responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change

A mathematical model describes silicate mineral weathering processes in modern soils located in the boreal coniferous region of northern Europe. The process model results demonstrate a stabilizing biological feedback mechanism between atmospheric CO2 levels and silicate weathering rates as is generally postulated for atmospheric evolution. The process model feedback response agrees within a factor of 2 of that calculated by a weathering feedback function of the type generally employed in global geochemical carbon cycle models of the Earth's Phanerozoic CO2 history. Sensitivity analysis of parameter values in the process model provides insight into the key mechanisms that influence the strength of the biological feedback to weathering. First, the process model accounts for the alkalinity released by weathering, whereby its acceleration stabilizes pH at values that are higher than expected. Although the process model yields faster weathering with increasing temperature, because of activation energy effects on mineral dissolution kinetics at warmer temperature, the mineral dissolution rate laws utilized in the process model also result in lower dissolution rates at higher pH values. Hence, as dissolution rates increase under warmer conditions, more alkalinity is released by the weathering reaction, helping maintain higher pH values thus stabilizing the weathering rate. Second, the process model yields a relatively low sensitivity of soil pH to increasing plant productivity. This is due to more rapid decomposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) under warmer conditions. Because DOC fluxes strongly influence the soil water proton balance and pH, this increased decomposition rate dampens the feedback between productivity and weathering. The process model is most sensitive to parameters reflecting soil structure; depth, porosity, and water content. This suggests that the role of biota to influence these characteristics of the weathering profile is as important, if not more important, than the role of biota to influence mineral dissolution rates through changes in soil water chemistry. This process‐modeling approach to quantify the biological weathering feedback to atmospheric CO2 demonstrates the potential for a far more mechanistic description of weathering feedback in simulations of the global geochemical carbon cycle.
Petrology of Granulites from Anakapalle—Evidence for Proterozoic Decompression in the Eastern Ghats, India

The granulite complex at Anakapalle, which was metamorphosed at ~1000 Ma, comprises orthopyroxene granulites, leptynite, khondalite, mafic granulites, calc-silicate rock, spinel granulites, and two types of sapphirine granulites-one quartz-bearing and migmatitic and the other devoid of quartz and massive. Reaction textures in conjunction with mineral-chemical data suggest several continuous and discontinuous equilibria in these rocks. In orthopyroxene granulites, dehydration-melting of biotite in the presence of quartz occurred according to the reaction biotite+quartz= garnet (Py 37 )+K-feldspar+orthopyroxene + liquid. Later, this garnet broke down by the reaction garnet (Py 37 )+quartz = orthopyroxene + plagioclase. Subsequently, coronal garnet (Py 30 ) and quartz were produced by the same reaction but proceeding in the opposite direction. In spinel granulites, garnet (Py 42 ) and sillimanite were produced by the breakdown of spinel in the presence of quartz. In the two types of sapphirine granulites, garnet with variable pyrope content broke down according to the reaction garnet = sapphirine + sillimanite + orthopyroxene. The highest pyrope content (59 mol %) was noted in garnets from quartz-free sapphirine granulites compared with the quartz-bearing one (53 mol % pyrope). The calculated positions of the mineral reactions and diserete P-T points obtained by thermobarometry define a retrograde P-T trajectory during which a steep decompression of ~1.5 kbar from P-T max of 8 kbar and 900 °C was followed by near-isobaric cooling of ~300 °C. During this decompression, garnet with variable pyrope contents in different rocks broke down on intersection with various divariant equilibria. Near-isobaric cooling resulted in the formation of coronal garnet around second-generation orthopyroxene and plagioclase replacing earlier porphyroblastic garnet in orthopyroxene granulites. It has been argued that the deduced P-T trajectory originated in an extensional regime involving either a crust of near-normal thickness of a slightly overthickened crust owing to magmatic underaccretion.
Physical and chemical observations in marine stratus during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment: Factors controlling cloud droplet number concentrations

Airborne observations from 14 flights in marine stratus over the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy in August and September of 1993 are examined for the relationships among the cloud droplet number concentrations (N d ), the out-of-cloud aerosol particle number concentrations (N a ), the major ion concentrations in the cloud water, and turbulence in cloud. There was a wide range of aerosol concentrations, but when low stratus and the main anthropogenic plume from eastern North America were in the same area the plume overrode the cloud. The N d increased with increasing N a and cloud water sulfate concentration (cwSO 4 = ), but the relationships were very weak. The separation of the data between smooth and lightly turbulent air substantially improved the ability to explain the variance in the N d by either of these two quantities. Also, the relative increase in N d for increases in N a and cwSO 4 = was greater for lightly turbulent air than for smooth air. The estimated minimum size of particles activated in these clouds ranged from 0.14 μm to 0.31 μm, corresponding to average supersaturations of <0.1%. The minimum size tended to be lower for lightly turbulent air and smaller N a . The results for lightly turbulent air agree well with previously reported parameterizations of the impact of aerosols on N d , but the results for smooth air do not agree. In general, more knowledge of the physical factors controlling the N d in stratiform clouds, such as turbulence, is needed to improve not only our ability to represent N d but also to increase our understanding of the impact of the aerosol particles on the N d and climate.
Uncertainties in future climate attributable to uncertainties in future Northern Annular Mode trend

Atmospheric circulation variability associated with the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) modulates the climate over large areas in the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, it is expected that future NAM changes in response to greenhouse gas concentration increases and other forcing will influence the climate change in these regions. Climate models simulate a wide range of future NAM changes, which introduces an uncertainty into regional climate predictions. To quantify this uncertainty we use the intermodel spread of the climate projections by the models participated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. We show that the intermodel spread of the future NAM projections account for up to 40% of the variance of the surface temperature and precipitation projections over some regions in Eurasia and North America across the simulations. This result implies that the uncertainty in the future NAM makes a considerable contribution into the overall uncertainty in regional climate predictions.
High frequencies of exposure to the novel human parvovirus PARV4 in hemophiliacs and injection drug users, as detected by a serological assay for PARV4 antibodies.

BACKGROUND PARV4 is a human parvovirus that was first detected in and cloned from an individual with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion-like illness and that subsequently persisted in the lymphoid tissue and bone marrow. In contrast to human parvovirus B19 infections, PARV4 infections are most frequently detected in injection drug users (IDUs), particularly those who are coinfected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1). To investigate the routes of transmission of PARV4 and to ascertain whether infections are acquired through plasma-derived blood products, we developed a novel anti-PARV4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine its seroprevalence in subjects with parenteral exposure. METHODS PARV4 viral protein 2 (VP2) was expressed and used as antigen in an indirect ELISA, to detect anti-PARV4 immunoglobulin G. RESULTS All 50 adult control subjects who were nonparenterally exposed to PARV4 were anti-PARV4 negative, in contrast to HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected IDUs, who had antibody frequencies of 67% and 33%, respectively. Predominantly parenteral transmission was confirmed by the finding of similar frequencies of infection among HIV-coinfected and HIV-uninfected hemophiliacs (11 of 20 individuals and 4 of 15 individuals, respectively) who were treated with nonvirally inactivated factor VIII/factor IX, whereas all but 1 of the 35 nonhemophiliac siblings of these siblings were found to be seronegative (despite having close household contact). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides convincing evidence that PARV4 is primarily transmitted parenterally. Evidence for widespread infection of hemophiliacs treated with nonvirally inactivated clotting factor creates fresh safety concerns for plasma-derived blood products, particularly because parvoviruses are relatively resistant to virus inactivation.
Sleep‐Wake Disturbance: A systematic review of evidence‐based interventions for management in patients with cancer

&NA; Figure. No Caption available. BACKGROUND: New or worsening sleep‐wake disturbance (SWD) can occur throughout the cancer trajectory. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to critically review available empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of interventions for SWD, highlighting new evidence since the 2006 and 2009 Putting Evidence Into Practice (PEP) SWD publications. METHODS: A systematic review of studies published from 2009‐2017 was conducted to identify effective interventions for cancer‐related SWD. The PEP weight of evidence classification schema was used to categorize the strength of evidence. FINDINGS: Cognitive behavioral intervention/approach is the only intervention that is recommended for practice. Mindfulness‐based stress reduction and exercise interventions are likely to be effective but require more evidence. Pharmacologic interventions, relaxation, imagery, meditation, acupuncture, yoga, massage, and psychoeducation have insufficient evidence.
Hyperspectral image classification using a spectral-spatial sparse coding model

We present a sparse coding based spectral-spatial classification model for hyperspectral image (HSI) datasets. The proposed method consists of an efficient sparse coding method in which the l1/lq regularized multi-class logistic regression technique was utilized to achieve a compact representation of hyperspectral image pixels for land cover classification. We applied the proposed algorithm to a HSI dataset collected at the Kennedy Space Center and compared our algorithm to a recently proposed method, Gaussian process maximum likelihood (GP-ML) classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve significantly better performances than the GP-ML classifier when training data is limited with a compact pixel representation, leading to more efficient HSI classification systems.
Petrochemistry of Jurassic and Cretaceous tholeiites from Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, and their relation to Mesozoic magmatism in the Arctic

A study of the whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry of high-TiO2 Upper Jurassic and medium-TiO2 Lower Cretaceous basalts from Kong Karls Land, Svalbard, is presented. Geochemical criteria indicate that the basalts are initial rifting tholeiites with weak signs of crustal contamination. The Upper Jurassic basalts appear to be associated with the Olga Rift, part of a trans-Barents rift system which failed to link the proto-Atlantic and proto-Arctic basins. The Lower Cretaceous basalts may be more closely related to initial rifting tholeiites on Franz Josef Land and Spitsbergen generated during the rifting stage of opening of the Canada Basin. During break-up of the Barents Shelf, the sequence of magma types corresponds to the pre-, syn- and post-rifting stages established in other areas of continental break-up. Evidence for a possible hot-spot or plume trail, extending from Siberia to the Yermak Plateau over 250 Ma, is assembled.
A process typology of regional floods

We propose a framework for identifying types of causative mechanisms of floods. The types are long‐rain floods, short‐rain floods, flash floods, rain‐on‐snow floods, and snowmelt floods. We adopt a catchment perspective, i.e., the focus is on the catchment state and the atmospheric inputs rather than on atmospheric circulation patterns. We use a combination of a number of process indicators, including the timing of the floods, storm duration, rainfall depths, snowmelt, catchment state, runoff response dynamics, and spatial coherence. On the basis of these indicators and diagnostic regional plots we identify the process types of 11,518 maximum annual flood peaks in 490 Austrian catchments. Forty‐three percent of the flood peaks are long‐rain floods, only 3% are snowmelt floods, and the relative contribution of the types changes with the flood magnitude. There are pronounced spatial patterns in the frequency of flood type occurrence. For example, rain‐on‐snow floods most commonly occur in northern Austria. Runoff coefficients tend to increase with rainfall depth for long‐rain floods but are less dependent of rainfall depth and exhibit much larger scatter for flash floods. All types exhibit seasonal patterns, both in terms of flood magnitudes and catchment altitudes of flood occurrence. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the flood samples stratified by process type decreases with catchment area for most process types with the exception of flash floods for which CV increases with catchment area.
Effect of forest fires on the air quality in seoul from mopitt measurements

Measurements of CO whose principal sources arise from anthropogenic emissions such as biomass burning and forest fires, is very useful for tracing fire emissions in the atmosphere. In this study, intense fires in the southeast part of Russia in May, 2003 are studied with the satellite data from MODIS and MOPITT. The AOD distribution from the MODIS for May, 2003 show stretched regions of high AODs near the Korean Peninsula. The column densities of CO from the MOPITT for May, 2003 also show enhanced values. Correlation between CO and AOD are investigated for the forest fire case. In addition to this correlation between AOD and CO, the loadings of CO into the atmosphere are studied using the 5-year MOPITT data by estimating emission anomaly of CO in 2003 Russian forest fires.
Long-Term Kidney Allograft Survival in Patients With Transplant Glomerulitis

Background Renal transplant glomerulitis (G) is associated with acute antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in the presence of donor-specific antibodies. However, the long-term prognosis of isolated G (isG) in the absence of donor-specific antibodies or G in combination with T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) remains unexplored. Methods Seventy recipients with G were included in this retrospective study and subdivided into 3 groups: isG, G with TCMR (G + TCMR), and G with acute ABMR. The control groups were: patients with TCMR Banff type I or II without G (TCMR) and patients without rejection (NR). Kaplan-Meier death-censored survival plots and Cox regression were used to analyze graft survival. The combined graft survival endpoint was defined as a return to dialysis or estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. The median follow-up was 37 (14; 77) months from biopsy. Results Graft survival was significantly lower in patients with G than in the NR and TCMR groups. No significant differences were observed among the isG, G + TCMR, and ABMR groups. Graft survival was lower in the G + TCMR group than in the TCMR group. Glomerulitis was independently associated with the risk of adverse graft outcome in a multivariate Cox regression model adjusted for other confounders (hazard ratio, 4.52 [95% confidence interval, 2.37-8.68] vs controls; P < 0.001). Conclusions Glomerulitis is strongly associated with increased risk of graft failure. Graft survival in patients with isG that do not meet the Banff criteria for acute/active ABMR and in patients with G accompanying TCMR is comparable to the ABMR group.