Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and its relationship with agroclimatic characteristics: A Colombian perspective

A diversity of crops of agri-food interest are produced in the Colombian highlands, including quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an annual herbaceous plant with white, yellow, red or black seeds, containing between 12% and 21% protein. It is an important source of lysine and methionine. Historically, this plant has played a fundamental role in human nutrition, due to its multiple benefits for disease prevention and treatment. Salinity is the abiotic stress most studied in quinoa; however, the development of this crop on all continents has led to the study of other factors, such as cold and heat, resulted by the increase in weather patterns. This review describes the progress in the temperature effects, photoperiod, atmospheric CO2 concentration and agronomic aspects on the growth and development of quinoa, as well as compositional characteristics of the seeds and their prospective related to the agroclimatic diversity of Colombia.
Trust yourself: You have the IT-Factor! Career coaching for female computer scientists

This article aims to investigate gender differences in satisfaction with self-confidence between female and male computer sciences graduates in Germany and its interrelation with career ambitions. The analysis is based on data from the unique Alumnae Tracking Study. The results of our empirical study show that the satisfaction with self-confidence of female graduates is strongly influenced by the academic achievement and self-assessment of their special expertise. Male graduates show a higher satisfaction with self-confidence regardless of their grades at university and their knowledge at time of graduation. Women who graduated from a study program with a high percentage of technical content are less satisfied with their self-confidence compared to graduates from other study programs. In addition, the duration of work experience influences the satisfaction with self-confidence of the computer scientists. Given these results, we offer insight into a coaching program that was implemented at the University of Bamberg. The program aims to strengthen self-confidence and motivational resources. Thus, the career development of computer science graduates is supported. This is illustrated by a case example.
Determinants of financial reporting quality: Evidence from Indonesia

This research aims to investigate the determinants of financial reporting quality, which is a very complex issue in the manufacturing industry and a significant contributor to a company's finance. This research is therefore aimed to examine the effect of litigation risk, investor’s distrust, and legal expertise of the audit committee. The data were obtained from the annual reports of the manufacturing companies listed at the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 20152018. The research sample consists of 287 public companies, with moderated regression analysis used to examine the hypotheses. The results show that the risk of investor distrust affects financial reporting quality, while legal expertise of the audit committee is a moderating variable that strengthens the relationship between the risk of investor distrust and financial reporting quality.
Paternal age affects offspring’s behavior possibly via an epigenetic mechanism recruiting a transcriptional repressor REST

Advanced paternal age has deleterious effects on mental health of next generation. Using a mouse model, we have confirmed that offspring derived from aged fathers showed impairments in behavior and abnormalities in the brain structure and activity. Comprehensive target DNA methylome analyses revealed in aged sperm more hypo-methylated genomic regions, in which REST/NRSF binding motif was enriched. Gene set enrichment analyses also identified enrichment of “REST/NRSF target genes”, in addition to “Late-fetal genes” and autism spectrum disorder-related “SFARI genes”, in up-regulated genes of developing brains from aged father. Indeed, gene sets near hypo-methylated genomic regions with REST/NRSF binding motif were also enriched in up-regulated genes of developing brains. Taken altogether, DNA hypo-methylation due to paternal aging in sperm will induce leaky expression of REST/NRSF target genes in the developing brain, thereby causing neuronal abnormalities and subsequent behavioral alteration in offspring.
A tale of two peoples: motivated reasoning in the aftermath of the Brexit Vote

Abstract Partisanship is a powerful driver of economic perceptions. Yet we know less about whether other political divisions may lead to similar evaluative biases. In this paper, we explore how the salient divide between “Remainers” and “Leavers” in the UK in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum has given rise to biased economic perceptions. In line with the cognitive dissonance framework, we argue that salient non-partisan divisions can change economic perceptions by triggering processes of self- and in-group justification. Using both nationally-representative observational and experimental survey data, we demonstrate that the perceptions of the economy are shaped by the Brexit divide and that these biases are exacerbated when respondents are reminded of Brexit. These findings indicate that perceptual biases are not always rooted in partisanship, but can be triggered by other political divisions.
Expanding, shifting and shrinking: The impact of global warming on species’ elevational distributions

1Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 2Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 3Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 4School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle 5Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Multi-bit Decentralized Detection of a Non-cooperative Moving Target Through a Generalized Rao Test

We consider decentralized detection (DD) of an uncooperative moving target via wireless sensor networks (WSNs), measured in zero-mean unimodal noise. To address energy and bandwidth limitations, the sensors use multi-level quantizers. The encoded bits are then reported to a fusion center (FC) via binary symmetric channels. Herein, we propose a generalized Rao (GRao) test as a simpler alternative to the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). Further, the asymptotic performance of a trajectory-clairvoyant (multi-bit) Rao test is leveraged to develop an offline and per-sensor quantizer design. Simulations show the appeal of G-Rao test with respect to the GLRT, and the gain in detection by using multiple bits for quantization. Index Terms—Decentralized detection, Generalized Rao test, GLRT, multibit quantizer, wireless sensor networks.
The Veteran Employees: Recruitment, Career Development, Engagement, and Job Satisfaction of Veterans Transitioning to the Civilian Workforce

The transitioning of veterans, specifically as mature workers, from the military world to the civilian world, and by extension, the civilian workforce is the ultimate career transition. Despite their motivation and resilience, veterans still encounter a multiplicity of challenges when transitioning to the civilian workforce, which quite often has a rippling impact on their attainment of employment, career development, employee engagement, and job satisfaction within the civilian sector. On this premise, the purpose of this conceptual paper is two-fold: (a) discuss veterans' career transitional challenges as civilian employees, specifically, recruitment, career development, engagement, and job satisfaction, and (b) from a Human Resource Development perspective, provide strategies, interventions, and/or best practices for recruiting, developing, engaging, and satisfying the veteran employee in the civilian workforce.
STAT1 and STAT2 Null Cells Are Resistant to RNA-Induced Apoptosis Due to Deficiency in Constitutive and Inducible Apoptosis-Regulating Genes

Although much progress has been made in identifying the signaling pathways that mediate viral RNA-induced apoptosis and activation of interferon-stimulated genes, the role that bacterial RNA plays in regulating these responses has remained undetermined. Herein, we identified bacterial RNA as a novel inducer of the apoptotic cell death. Unlike the parental cells, STAT1 and STAT2 mutants display apoptotic defects which were reversed by restoring the expression of wild type proteins. While STAT1 mutants lacking tyrosine-701 or a functional SH2 domain were effective as the wild-type protein in restoring the apoptotic response, the mutant carrying a point mutation at serine-727 of STAT1 was resistant to bacterial RNA-induced apoptosis. We also determined that the lack of apoptosis in the STAT1 and STAT2 mutants was correlated with the constitutive and inducible activation of apoptosis regulating proteins. Furthermore, we show that bacterial RNA induces transcriptional activation of STAT1, STAT2, IRF1, and ISGF3, which was impaired in STAT1 or STAT2 mutants. These observations suggested that the participation of STATs in regulating the apoptotic response is independent of their downstream functions as cytokine-induced transcriptional activators. In addition to bacterial immunity, the results presented here may also have implications in cellular pathophysiology and RNA-based therapy.
When sinks become sources: adaptive colonization in asexuals

The successful establishment of a population into a new empty habitat outside of its initial niche is a phenomenon akin to evolutionary rescue in the presence of immigration. It underlies a wide range of processes, such as biological invasions by alien organisms, host shifts in pathogens or the emergence of resistance to pesticides or antibiotics from untreated areas. In this study, we derive an analytically tractable framework to describe the coupled evolutionary and demographic dynamics of asexual populations in a source-sink system. In particular, we analyze the influence of several factors — immigration rate, mutational parameters, and harshness of the stress induced by migration — on the establishment success in the sink, and on the time until establishment. To this aim, we use a classic phenotype-fitness landscape (Fisher’s geometrical model in n dimensions) where source and sink habitats determine distinct phenotypic optima. The harshness of stress, in the sink, is determined by the distance between its optimum and that in the source. The dynamics of the full distribution of fitness and of population size in the sink are analytically predicted under a strong mutation strong immigration limit where the population is always polymorphic. The resulting eco-evolutionary dynamics depend on mutation and immigration rates in a non straightforward way. Beyond some mutation rate threshold, establishment always occurs in the sink, following a typical three-phase trajectory of mean fitness. The waiting time to this establishment is independent of immigration rate and decreases with the mutation rate. Beyond the mutation rate threshold, lethal mutagenesis impedes establishment and the sink population remains so, albeit with an equilibrium state that depends on the details of the fitness landscape. We use these results to get some insight into possible effects of several management strategies.
Micropropagation of Sicilian cultivars with an aim to preserve genetic diversity in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

Abstract The use of a small number of cultivars in agriculture can lead to a loss of agrobiodiversity. Since in vitro techniques are valuable tools for conserving plant biodiversity, an efficient micropropagation protocol for four Italian hazelnut cultivars, ‘Carrello’, ‘Ghirara’, ‘Minnulara’, and ‘Panottara’, was developed. The highest axillary bud survival was obtained after decontamination with 40 min 1% sodium hypochlorite followed by 40 min 0.1% sodium merthiolate in ‘Minnulara’ and ‘Ghirara’, while the 35 + 35 min treatment was the best for ‘Carrello’ and ‘Panottara’. Shoot multiplication was higher in ‘Minnulara’ and ‘Ghirara’ when 6.6 μM N6-benzyladenine was used, even if some hyperhydric shoots were observed, while metatopolin was more effective in the other two cultivars. In vitro rooting, performed in ‘Carrello’ and ‘Panottara’, was higher with 17.6 than with 9.8 µM indole-3-butyric. Following in vitro root induction with 17.6 µM indole-3-butyric acid for 7 days, rooting and acclimatisation in greenhouse exceeded 85% for all four cultivars.
THE PERCEPTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE RISKS IN THE V4 COUNTRIES

Human capital is considered to be leading to the growth of innovation and it plays an important role in economic development and firms’ competitiveness. For this reason, the perception of different human resource (HR) risks and establishing a suitable and effective HR risk management system is an up-to-date issue. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the most important sources of HR risks in the V4 countries and to find out the statistically significant differences in the perception of HR risk sources between the V4 countries. To collect the data in the years 2017 and 2018, an online questionnaire was used. To evaluate the intensity of the HR risk sources and to find out the differences between the V4 countries, the methods of Chi-square test and Z-score of P-value were used. The results showed that a high employee turnover rate, insufficient employee qualification, low work morale and discipline are perceived relatively most intensely in Hungary compared to other V4 countries, when “low work morale and discipline” is perceived most intensely out of all four HR risk sources studied. „Employee mistakes” are perceived statistically significantly more intensely in Poland compared to the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Grooming behavior in relation to varroa (Varroa destructor) infestation level of Carniolan honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera carnica)

Grooming behavior is one of the traits that enables Apis cerana resistance to ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. The study examines the proportion of damaged mites on 52 colonies (5 genotypes) of A. m. carnica in Croatia. The mites were collected on the sheets of the screen bottom boards, analyzed for the location of injury for each mite and correlated to infestation of colonies with V. destructor mites. In total, 2,425 V. destructor mites were analyzed, with an average of 46.6 per colony. The average (±SE) of 12.69±0.93% mites with injuries were recorded ranging from 0% to 32%. No significant difference (ANOVA, F (4, 47)=0.503, P=0.734) was found between different genotypes. The most common injuries of mites were located on the first pair of legs, while the lowest proportion of injuries were found on the idiosoma. No significant correlation was found between grooming behavior and colony infestation rate. Grooming behavior did not affect the colony infestation rate in tested colonies.
Adaptation to seasonal reproduction and temperature-associated factors drive temporal and spatial differentiation in northwest Atlantic herring despite gene flow

Natural selection can maintain local adaptation despite the presence of gene flow. However, the genomic basis and environmental factors involved in adaptation at fine-spatial scales are not well understood. Here, we address these questions using Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), an abundant, migratory, and widely distributed marine species with substantial genomic resources including a chromosome-level genome assembly and genomic data from the eastern Atlantic and Baltic populations. We analysed whole-genome sequence and oceanographic data to examine the genetic variation of 15 spawning aggregations across the northwest Atlantic Ocean (∼1,600 km of coastline) and the association of this variation with environmental variables. We found that population structure lies in a small fraction of the genome involving adaptive genetic variants of functional importance. We discovered 10 highly differentiated genomic regions distributed across four chromosomes. Two of these loci appear to be private to the northwest, four loci share a large number of adaptive variants between northwest and northeast Atlantic, and four shared loci exhibit an outstanding diversity in haplotype composition, including a novel putative inversion on chromosome 8. Another inversion on chromosome 12 underlies a latitudinal genetic pattern discriminating populations north and south of a biogeographic transition zone on the Scotian Shelf. Our genome-environment association analysis indicates that sea water temperature during winter is the environmental factor that best correlates with the latitudinal pattern of this inversion. We conclude that the timing and geographic location of spawning and early development are under diverse selective pressures related to environmental gradients. Natural selection appears to act on early-life performance traits with differential fitness across environments. Our study highlights the role of genomic architecture, ancestral haplotypes, and selection in maintaining adaptive divergence in species with large population sizes and presumably high gene flow.
Non-Linear Diffusion - Non-linear diffusion I. Diffusion and flow of mixtures of fluids

A theory for the flow and non-linear diffusion effects in mixtures of fluids is formulated based upon hydrodynamical considerations. It is assumed that each point of the mixture is occupied simultaneously by all constituents in given portions. The motion of each constituent is governed by the usual equations of motion and continuity. The mechanical properties of each component are specified by means of constitutive equations for the stresses; diffusion effects are accounted for by means of a body force acting on each constituent which depends upon the composition and relative motion of the substances in the mixture. The theory is extended to deal with the diffusion of a mixture of fluids through a rigid solid. The theory is applied to a number of steady-state problems involving non-Newtonian fluids including the diffusion of a fluid through a rigid plate, the laminar flow of a mixture and the flow of a mixture between rotating cylinders. The propagation of plane waves through a homogeneous mixture of viscous fluids at rest is also examined.
Bacterial Absorption on Soils--Thermodynamics

Laboratory studies on the adsorption of bacteria onto soils and activated carbon were undertaken to evaluate the role of the process in removal of bacteria from groundwater. It was hypothesized that removal of bacteria from water passing through soil would be primarily due to adsorption in which case the bacteria would behave in a manner similar to colloidal particles or chemical molecules. The basic kinetics of uptake of Staphylococcus aureus were determined on activated carbon, a highly adsorbing material chemically speaking. Once the technique was worked out and adsorption demonstrated to take place, sand, clay, and Mendon silt loam were studied. Uptake of bacteria was observed microscopically on both activated carbon and clay. Sand showed no measurable uptake of bacteria. lVIendon silt loam was also used in competitive adsorption studies. Sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate and peptone were used and their effects on adsorption of the test organism measured. Results clearly showed uptake of the bacteria with equilibrium reached within one hour. Conventional chemical thermodynamics can be applied to bacterial adsorption onto soils with the determi nation of Langmuir type isotherms and the subsequent evaluation of fiFo, flHo, and flso 1 functions. Bacterial adsorption is endothermic with peptone decreasing and sodium chloride increasing adsorption. Based on the results, columns of sand and charcoal were set up and the time of bacterial passage predicted by a first generation model. The results indicated reasonable fit for the model but some adjustment would be required for a close simu lation. This report was submitted in fulfillment of Grant 1\10. 16060 EBD between the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration and Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University.
THE NEEDS ANALYSIS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL AT ARRAHMANIYAH DEPOK

Submitted : 2020-02-10 Accepted : 2020-04-29 Abstract: Needs analysis is as absolutely necessary part of the curriculum development. It also plays and reviews an important part in the process of creating or designing English language courses not only for General English (GE) but also English Special Purpose (ESP) courses. This research analyzed the target needs of EFL students eleventh grade of senior high school MA Arrahmaniyah Depok by adapting Hutchinson and Waters’s need analysis. The sample was 46 students. The recent research covered the target needs by consisting of necessities, wants and lacks and the learning needs. This recent research aimed to recommend learning materials in curriculum on the basis of needs analysis. The research used a mixed-method approach. Quantitative data was gained from an online questionnaire and the qualitative data was obtained from interviews. The data analysis used simple statistical data which was started from spreading the questionnaire online, downloading the questionnaire, identifying the result of the questionnaire in including frequency and percentages for all questionnaire items and interviewing some of students to get more understanding of the result. The results showed that the data of learners showed their weakness consist of (1) lack of opportunities to develop students' oral communication skills due to teaching and learning practices which are only emphasized in teaching English grammar and reading exercises, (2) lack of quality textbooks, (3) small amounts of English learning material contain vocabulary, and (4) lack of self-awareness of students towards learning English because their perception of English is influenced by their environment.
Parameter Estimation of Some Archimedean Copulas Based on Minimum Cramér-von-Mises Distance

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new estimation method for estimating the Archimedean copula dependence parameter in the non-parametric setting. The estimation of the dependence parameter has been selected as the value that minimizes the Cramér-von-Mises distance which measures the distance between Empirical Bernstein Kendall distribution function and true Kendall distribution function. A Monte Carlo study is performed to measure the performance of the new estimator and compared to conventional estimation methods. In terms of estimation performance, simulation results show that the proposed Minumum Cramér-von-Mises estimation method has a good performance for low dependence and a small sample size when compared with the other estimation methods. The new minimum distance estimation of the dependence parameter is applied to model the dependence of two real data sets.
Phasic norepinephrine is a neural interrupt signal for unexpected events in rapidly unfolding sensory sequences – evidence from pupillometry

The ability to track the statistics of our surroundings is a key computational challenge. A prominent theory (Dayan & Yu, 2006) proposes that the brain monitors for ‘unexpected uncertainty’ – events which deviate substantially from model predictions, indicating model failure. Norepinephrine (NE) is thought to play a key role in this process by serving as an interrupt signal, initiating model-resetting. However, evidence is from paradigms where participants actively monitored stimulus statistics. To determine whether NE routinely reports the statistical structure of our surroundings, even when not behaviourally relevant, we used rapid tone-pip sequences that contained perceptually salient pattern-changes associated with abrupt structural violations vs. emergence of regular structure. Phasic pupil dilations (PDR) were monitored to assess NE. We reveal a remarkable specificity: When not behaviourally relevant, only abrupt structural violations evoked a PDR. The results demonstrate that NE tracks ‘unexpected uncertainty’ on rapid time scales relevant to sensory signals.