Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photochromic properties of 7′,8′‐dichloro‐1,3,3‐trimethylspiro[indoline‐2,3′‐[3H]benzo[b][1,4]oxazine] doped in PMMA and epoxy resin thin films

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the photochromic performance of photochromic compounds in polymer matrices.Design/methodology/approach – The poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA and epoxy resin doped with photochromic spirooxazine (SO) are prepared and the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation are studied using spectrophotometer. The reversible reaction is effected using white light. Photochemical fatigue resistance of these films is also studied.Findings – Irradiation of colourless 7′,8′‐dichloro‐1,3,3‐trimethylspiro[indoline‐2,3′‐[3H]benzo[b][1,4]oxazine] (SO) doped in PMMA and epoxy resin with UV light (366 nm) results in the formation of an intense purple‐red coloured zwitterionic photomerocyanine (PMC). The reverse reaction is photochemically induced by irradiation with white light. Photocolouration and photobleaching reactions follow a first‐order rate equation. It is found that photocoloration rate constant of (SO) in both matrices is almost the same, which is unexpected. On the othe.
Studies of Post Heat Treatment of L-PBF-Inconel 718: Effects of Hold Time on Microstructure, Annealing Twins and Hardness

The widely adopted temperature for solid solution heat treatment (ST) for the conventionally fabricated Inconel 718 is 1100 °C for a hold time of 1 h or less. This ST scheme is however not enough to dissolve Laves and annihilate dislocations completely in samples fabricated with Laser metal powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM)-Inconel 718. In spite this, the highest hardness obtained after aging for ST temperatures (970 1250 °C) is at 1100 °C/1h [1]. The unreleased residual stresses in the retained lattice defects are potentially affecting other properties of the material. Hence, this work aims to investigate if a longer hold time of ST at 1100 °C will lead to complete recrystallization while maintaining the strength after aging or not. For this study, L-PBFInconel 718 samples were ST at 1100 °C at various hold times (1, 3, 6, 9, 16 or 24 h) and aged to study the effects on microstructure and hardness. In addition, a sample was directly aged to study the effects of bypassing ST. The samples (ST and aged) gain hardness by 43 – 49 %. High density of annealing twins evolved during 3 h of ST and only slightly varies for longer ST.
Asymmetric Molecular Friction in Supported Phospholipid Bilayers Revealed by NMR Measurements of Lipid Diffusion

The bilayer−substrate coupling in fluid bilayers of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) on a solid support of spherical silica beads was examined by measuring the lateral diffusion of the lipids in both monolayers using a deuterium NMR relaxation technique. The results obtained at 55 °C show that the lipid diffusion constant in the monolayer facing the silica surface, D = 7.5 × 10-12 m2/s, is slower by a factor of 2 than that in the monolayer exposed to the bulk water (D = 14 × 10-12 m2/s). This indicates that the monolayer−monolayer coupling in fluid bilayers must be rather weak compared to the monolayer−substrate coupling across an ultrathin water film between the bilayer and the silica surface.
Rietveld Refinement of the Kaolinite Structure at 1.5 K

The crystal structure of Keokuk kaolinite, including all H atoms, was refined in space group C1 using low-temperature (1.5 K) neutron powder diffraction data (λ = 1.9102 Å) and Rietveld refinement/difference-Fourier methods to Rwp = 1.78%, reduced χ2 = 3.32. Unit-cell parameters are: a = 5.1535(3) Å, b = 8.9419(5) Å, c = 7.3906(4) Å, α = 91.926(2)°, β = 105.046(2)°, γ = 89.797(2)°, and V = 328.70(5) Å3. Unit-cell parameters show that most of the thermal contraction occurred along the [001] direction, apparently due to a decrease in the interlayer distance. The non-H structure is very similar to published C1 structures, considering the low temperature of data collection, but the H atom positions are distinct. The inner OH group is essentially in the plane of the layers, and the inner-surface OH groups make angles of 60°–73° with the (001) plane. Difference-Fourier maps show minor anisotropy of the inner-OH group in the [001] direction, but the inner-surface OH groups appear to have their largest vibrational (or positional disorder) component parallel to the layers. Although no data indicate a split position of any of the H sites in kaolinite, there is support for limited random positional disorder of the H atoms. However, these data provided no support for a space group symmetry lower than C1.
Effect of chelated iron and zinc application on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) in subtropical climate

The Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) chelates were synthesized in laboratory using amino acid viz., glycine and methionine by excess alkali hydrolysis method used as micronutrient supplement for maize (Zea mays L.). The chelates were formulated in the ratio of 25:17 and 17:17. This study revealed the use efficiency of ferrous bisglycinate and zinc methionate compare over Fe and Zn fertilizer sources. The foliar application of formulation 17:17 at 0.2 per cent significantly increased the plant height and stem girth by 17% and 32% respectively over control. Similarly; the chlorophyll content and leaf area index also recorded 20% and 31% respectively over control. Foliar application of both formulations 17:17 and 25:17 at 0.2 per cent increased the overall growth and productivity of the crop by 21% over the control (T1). When compared with sulphate salts (T4 & T8) and HEDP (T5 & T9) chelated iron and zinc source fertilizers the growth and productivity increased by 11% and 8% respectively. It concluded that formulations as foliar application has profound increased in the plant growth and productivity of the crop over the other Fe and Zn sources.
Forward-Backward Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks and Tag-Conditioned Convolutional Neural Networks for Weakly Labeled Semi-supervised Sound Event Detection

In this paper we present our system for thedetection and classi-fication of acoustic scenes and events (DCASE) 2020 ChallengeTask 4: Sound event detection and separation in domestic envi-ronments. We introduce two new models: the forward-backwardconvolutional recurrent neural network (FBCRNN) and the tag-conditioned convolutional neural network (CNN). The FBCRNNemploys two recurrent neural network (RNN) classifiers sharing thesame CNN for preprocessing. With one RNN processing a record-ing in forward direction and the other in backward direction, thetwo networks are trained to jointly predict audio tags, i.e., weak la-bels, at each time step within a recording, given that at each timestep they have jointly processed the whole recording. The pro-posed training encourages the classifiers to tag events as soon aspossible. Therefore, after training, the networks can be appliedto shorter audio segments of, e.g.,200 ms, allowing sound eventdetection (SED). Further, we propose a tag-conditioned CNN tocomplement SED. It is trained to predict strong labels while using(predicted) tags, i.e., weak labels, as additional input. For train-ing pseudo strong labels from a FBCRNN ensemble are used. Thepresented system scored the fourth and third place in the systemsand teams rankings, respectively. Subsequent improvements allowour system to even outperform the challenge baseline and winnersystems in average by, respectively,18.0 %and2.2 %event-basedF1-score on the validation set. Source code is publicly available athttps://github.com/fgnt/pb_sed
Occurrence of Nematophagous fungi in the fresh and spent button mushroom compost in Bihar

The compost samples of button mushroom from Samastipur, Muzaffarpur and Darbhanga districts were processed for the isolation of nematophagous fungi present using serial dilution method on PDA plates. From the button mushroom compost sample of Samastipur district, five fungi viz. Trichothecium roseum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Geotrichum spp. , Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus niger were isolated, from Muzaffarpur, only two fungi, Trichothecium roseum and Aspergillus niger were identified and from Darbhanga samples, two fungi, Helminthosporium spp. and Fusarium spp. were identified. From spent mushroom compost the fungi identified were, Trichothecium roseum and Geotrichum spp. From Samastipur district, Trichothecium spp. and Aspergillus niger from Muzaffarpur district and only Helminthosporium spp. was identified from Darbhanga district. Amongst all the fungi isolated and identified, only three of them were found nematophagous against myceliophagous nematodes. These were Helminthosporium spp. , Trichothecium spp. and Geotrichum spp. Helminthosporium spp. and Trichothecium spp. trapped the nematodes through constricting rings while Geotrichum spp. trapped the nematodes through sticky knobs whereas.
Effects of Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Finishing Steer Growth Performance, Carcass Merit, Beef Tenderness, and Beef Retail Display Properties

Abstract Angus cross steers (n = 84; BW =325 ± 3 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of lipoic acid (LA) supplementation on growth performance, carcass merit, beef tenderness, and beef retail display properties. Treatments were control (no LA), 8 mg of LA/kg of BW per d (LA8), and 16 mg of LA/kg of BW per d (LA16). Lipoic acid was incorporated into an extruded corn flour pellet and top-dressed onto a finishing diet for 125 d. Steers were subsequently delivered to a commercial abattoir for harvest. Carcass data and left-side longissimus sections (6th to 12th rib) were collected from each carcass at 24 h post-mortem. Steaks from each longissimus section were analyzed for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and color. Final BW of control steers was greater (P
Various Influences of Harvest Date and Fruit Sugar Content on Different Wine Flavor and Aroma Compounds

Over the recent past a reduction of the time required for grapes to achieve sugar ripeness, possibly a result of climate change, has been observed in many countries, raising the issue of a potential disconnect between flavor ripeness and sugar accumulation. An experiment using Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling was conducted to test the relationship between sugar content of fruit and harvest date with changes in the abundances of wine volatile compounds. The Brix of individual berries was determined at four harvest dates and pooled in distinct sugar content categories before fermentation and analysis of headspace volatile compounds. Results showed a complex relationship for sugar content, harvest date, and wine volatile composition. The compounds that significantly changed in the wines could be grouped into six clusters depending on the accumulation patterns across both sugar content and harvest date. Positive impact varietal compounds, especially monoterpenes, generally increased in abundance in relation to increasing Brix, with less of an effect due to harvest date. Compounds that decreased in abundance in relation to Brix also seemed to be influenced by harvest date, with the concentration at the earliest sampling time point particularly high. Many of these compounds were acetate esters of higher alcohols as well as ketones and acetals. Results suggest that, overall, positive impact volatiles accumulate in a manner closely related to increasing Brix but that the loss of compounds in the fruit that may impart negative attributes to wine may be a passive process and require a certain amount of time on the vine.
Reactivity in Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide of Char Formed in the Pyrolysis of Refuse-Derived Fuel

The reactivity in oxygen and carbon dioxide of chars obtained from the pyrolysis of a refuse-derived fuel (RDF) was investigated. RDF chars were obtained in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor at low heating rates (60 °C/min) and temperatures between 500 and 800 °C. The heterogeneous gasification kinetics of the chars were studied using thermogravimetric methods and were compared to data available in the literature. The RDF chars were found to have a reactivity quite similar to that of chars obtained from municipal solid wastes and wood, but higher than that of graphite of about 5 orders of magnitude in oxygen. Raising the final temperature of the pyrolysis process from 500 to 800 °C resulted in the decrease of the H/C ratio and in a significantly lower reactivity in oxygen of the char.
Spent Nuclear Fuel

The primary waste form resulting from nuclear energy production is spent nuclear fuel (SNF). There are a number of different types of fuel, but they are predominantly uranium based, mainly UO 2 or, in some cases, metallic U. The UO 2 in SNF is a redox-sensitive semiconductor consisting of a fine-grained (5-10 μm), polycrystalline aggregate containing fission-product and transuranium elements in concentrations of 4 to 6 atomic percent. The challenge is to predict the long-term behavior of UO 2 under a range of redox conditions. Experimental results and observations from natural systems, such as the Oklo natural reactors, have been used to assess the long-term performance of SNF.
Sexual Risk Behavior: A Perilous Journey By Unmarried Youth Of District Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Background: Sexual health is an integral part of overall health and well-being and determination of sexuality of the youth is an important milestone in understanding their behavior, associated risks and outcomes. The declining age at puberty and increasing age at marriage has created a longer growing period in which youth may engage in sexual health risk behaviors. This research focuses attention on estimation and involvement of the most dynamic & valuable segment of a nation’s population towards sexual risk behaviors. Aims & objectives: The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence and determinants of sexual health risk behaviors amongst youth in District Dehradun. Material and methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 06 months in rural and urban area of District Dehradun. The study surveyed 1800 male youth aged 15-24 years using a self-administered questionnaire (YRBSS & Big five inventory). After collection, the data was entered using the SPSS software and analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: Out of 1800 participants, 19% were found to be at risk of sexual health risk behavior and reported having had sex. Out of these 342 at-risk, 43.5% accepted involving in sexual activity even before adulthood, 31% reported having multiple sexual partners and 21.1% accepted not using condoms. Place of residence and personality trait were found to be important determinants of sexual health risk behaviors. Conclusion: Our study documented the high prevalence of sexual risk behavior among male youth of rural and urban area of District Dehradun.
ADVANCED LASER-DRIVEN PLASMA ACCELERATOR ELECTRON-BEAM DIAGNOSTICS WITH COTR-BASED TECHNIQUES*

A significant advance in laser-driven plasma accelerator (LPA) electron-beam diagnostics has recently been demonstrated based on coherent optical transition radiation (COTR) imaging. We find COTR signal strengths from a microbunched subset of beam exiting the LPA to be several orders of magnitude higher than that of incoherent optical transition radiation (OTR). The transverse sizes are only a few microns as deduced from the point-spread-function-related lobe structure. In addition, the far-field COTR interferometric images obtained on the same shot provide beam-size limits plus divergence and pointing information at the sub-mrad level when compared to a modified analytical model. The integrated image intensities can be used to estimate the microbunching fraction and relatable to the LPA process. Initial results in a collaborative LPA experiment will be reported for electron beam energies of about 215 MeV. A revised configuration is proposed to record energy and energy spread via COTR on the same shot with the interferometer.
Computed molecular surface electrostatic potentials of two groups of reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Relationships to anti-HIV-1 activities

We have used the GIPF approach (general interaction properties function) to develop analytical representations for the anti-HIV-1 potencies of two groups of reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Their activities are expressed in terms of certain statistical properties of their molecular surface electrostatic potentials, computed at the HF/STO-5G*//HF/STO-3G* level. The results provide insight into some of the factors that promote inhibition. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 115–121, 2001
The influence of forage quality and concentrate level on dry matter intake and milk production of British Friesian heifers

Thirty-six British Friesian heifers were divided into two groups during weeks 3-26 of lactation and received ad libitum either good (G) or average (A) quality grass silage. The in vitro digestible organic matter in the DM was 680 and 600 g kg-1 for silages G and A, respectively. In addition, the heifers in each group were offered concentrate at either a low (4.3 kg DM d-1), medium (64 kg DM d-1) or high (8.4 kg DM d-1) level. The concentrate contained 180 g (kg DM)-1 of crude protein and had a calculated metabolizable energy concentration of 12.9 MJ (kg DM)-1. Increasing concentrate level significantly increased milk yield (P < 0.01), milk protein concentration (P < 0.05), and yield of both milk protein depressed milk fat concentration (P < 0.001) and silage intake (P < 0.001). Although the overall effect of silage quality on milk yield was not significant, the milk yields for silage G at each concentrate level were higher, significantly so for low level, than the corresponding values for silage A. An improvement in silage quality did not affect milk fat concentration but significantly increased the concentration of milk protein (P < 005) and yields of both milk fat (P < 005) and protein (P < 0001). The response of silage DM intake to improved silage quality was 0 06 kg DM per 10 g rise in vitro DOMD value. Each additional kg concentrate DM depressed intake of silages G and A by 0-63 and 0-27 kg DM, respectively. Substitution rate was also significantly related to stage of lactation. With both silages, the digestibility coefficients determined in vivo for acid detergent fibre (ADF) decreased significantly (P < 0.001) when concentrate level was increased from low to high. Differences for DM, OM and total N digestibility coefficients between treatments were not established as significant at the 5% level. Estimates of mean efficiency of utilization of ME for lactation, made on a weekly basis, were 049 and 052 for the heifers given silages G and A. respectively, and 048, 052 and 052 for those given the low, medium and high levels of concentrate. Energy balances were calculated on a mean weekly basis.
Sorption and desorption of non‐ionic herbicides onto particulate organic matter from surface soils under different land uses

In vegetative filter strips used to intercept pesticides present in run‐off, particulate organic matter derived from the vegetation plays an important function in pesticide sorption processes, because it accumulates at the soil surface and quickly responds to changes in land use. Two herbicides with contrasted properties: isoproturon, moderately hydrophobic (log Kow= 2.5), diflufenican, strongly hydrophobic (log Kow= 4.9), and isopropylaniline, a metabolite of isoproturon, were used to characterize the sorption and desorption properties of POM originating from soils under three different land uses: a cropped plot under conventional wheat/maize rotation, an adjacent 10‐year‐old grassed strip and a nearby 80‐year‐old oak/chestnut forest. Chemical structural composition information obtained from solid‐state 13C CPMAS NMR and estimation of hydrophobicity from contact angle measurements were used to explain the different sorption capacities of POM according to their size and origins. Sorption of isoproturon and diflufenican increased with hydrophobicity of POM, which was greater in the forest soil. Aromaticity of POM was positively correlated to sorption coefficients (Koc). Desorption of the more hydrophobic compounds, diflufenican and isopropylaniline was weak for all POM fractions, regardless of their origin and size. On the other hand, desorption of isoproturon depended on land use and POM characteristics. The sorption capacities of POM were not only controlled by their chemical composition, but also by their size, due to a greater number of sorptive sites related to a greater surface area with decreasing particle‐size.
A clique version of the Erdős-Gallai stability theorems

Combining Pósa’s rotation lemma with a technique of Kopylov in a novel approach, we prove a generalization of the Erdős-Gallai theorems on cycles and paths. This implies a clique version of the Erdős-Gallai stability theorems and also provides alternative proofs for some recent results.
Use of trigger tool to identify Adverse Drugs Events in dogs.

Beatriz Cristina de Oliveira Fonseca1 , Marcela Forgerini2 , Leila Crystina Dias Zorzin3 , Marcelo Rodrigues Martins4 , Patrícia de Carvalho Matroianni5 , Ângela Ferreira Lopes6 , Paulo Henrique Jorge da Cunha7 , Nathalie de Lourdes Souza Dewulf8 1Pharmacist. Programa de Pós-graduação em Assistência e Avaliação em Saúde (PPGAAS), Faculdade de Farmácia (FF), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brasil 2Pharmacist. MSc. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FACFAR), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brasil 3Pharmacist. MSc. Hospital Veterinário (HV), Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil 4Pharmacist. DSc. HV, EVZ, UFG, Goiânia, Brasil 5Pharmacist. DSc. FACFAR, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brasil 6Pharmacist. DSc. FF, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil 7Veterinarian, DSc. EVZ, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil 8Pharmacist. DSc. Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ensino e Serviços Farmacêuticos (LaPESF), FF, UFG, Goiânia, Brasil.
Particle characterization from two-stroke powered two-wheelers

Abstract This paper presents the physical characterization of particle emissions from small two-stroke gasoline two-wheelers. Particle samples were drawn with a dedicated partial dilution system. They were analysed with various aerosol measurement instruments, including a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI), and a diffusion charger. Solid particles were discriminated by using a thermodenuder. Results suggest that small two-wheeled vehicles are significant emitters of both solid and volatile particles with the volatile fraction being the dominant one. The particle size distribution appears bimodal at high load and log-normal at lower load. The high concentration of condensable species in the exhaust also leads to the formation of volatile particles in the accumulation mode, which is typically not observed in diesel exhaust. Further comparison with a typical diesel passenger car revealed that some older technology two-wheelers emit even higher mass and solid particle counts than the car. However, the paper concludes that technology improvements such as oxidation catalysts and direct injection systems are expected significantly to reduce particulate matter emission rates.