Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Art of Questioning in Online Learning: Effective Questioning Strategies in EFL Reading Class

The advent of online learning has made it necessary for educators to develop new teaching strategies, particularly in the area of questioning techniques. This study aimed to explore the types of questioning strategies employed by teachers during online reading classes and identify the factors that contribute to the frequent use of a specific approach. The study used observation checklists and interview guidelines based on Bloom's taxonomy and Wragg and Brown's questioning strategies to gather data from second-year English language students enrolled in an online reading class. The research findings revealed that to engage students, evaluate their comprehension, and ensure alignment with the textbook material the teacher primarily utilized "Understand" and "Analyze" questions, along with directed, distributed, responded, and sequenced strategies. The teacher also utilized Zoom's chat box feature to ask questions and enable students to provide direct answers. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of effective questioning techniques in online learning environments. The teacher's use of a variety of questioning strategies had a positive impact on the students' ability to acquire knowledge, demonstrating that a diverse range of strategies can help students achieve deeper levels of understanding. The research findings have important implications for the education sector as it provides insights into effective teaching strategies that can help promote student engagement and enhance their learning outcomes.
Identities with Product of Generalized Skew Derivations on Multilinear Polynomials

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2, Qr its right Martindale quotient ring, and C its extended centroid. Suppose that F, G are generalized skew derivations of R, with the same associated automorphism, and f(x1,…, xn) a noncentral multilinear polynomial over C with n noncommuting variables, such that for all r1,…, rn ∈ R. Then we describe all possible forms of F and G.
Responses of soil bacterial community structure to different artificially restored forests in open-pit coal mine dumps on the loess plateau, China

Artificial vegetation restoration is an effective method for improving soil quality. In areas experiencing coal mine subsidence, the microbial community is essential for reconstructing the ecological balance of the soil. Studies are needed to examine how soil microbial community structure respond to different artificial forest restoration types and ages, especially over long-term periods. Therefore, in this study, 10, 20, and 30-year trials were chosen with two restoration types: Pinus tabuliformis (PT) and Ulmus pumila (UP). The objective was to determine how various types and ages of forest restoration affect the structure of soil bacterial communities, as well as the soil environmental factors driving these changes. The results showed that artificial 30-year restoration for both PT and UP can improve soil physical and chemical properties more than restoration after 10 and 20 years. The soil bacterial community structure remarkably differed among the different forest types and restoration ages. The bacterial diversity was higher in UP than in PT; the alpha diversity at longer restoration years (30 and 20) was significantly higher than at 10 years for both PT and UP. Moreover, soil nutrients and pH were the primary soil environmental factors driving bacterial community structure in the PT and UP. Finally, the integrated fertility index (IFI) at 30 years of restoration was considerably higher for PT and UP, and thus, is more beneficial to the restoration of soil after coal mining. Our findings are useful for studying improvement in soil quality and the restoration of the ecological environment in mining areas.
Influence of the Loading with Newly Green Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Equisetum sylvaticum on the Antibacterial Activity and Surface Hardness of a Composite Resin

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and surface hardness of a light-activated microhybrid composite resin modified with green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were synthesized using an Equisetum sylvaticum extract and characterized through different methods such as UV-Vis, EDX, and FTIR. The obtained AgNPs were mixed with a microhybrid composite resin (Herculite XRV, Kerr Corp., Orange, CA, USA) in different concentrations: 0% (group A-control); 0.5% (group B); 1% (group C); and 1.5% (group D). A total of 120 composite resin disk-shaped samples were obtained and divided into 4 groups (n = 30) according to AgNP concentration. Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup 1—samples were not soaked in 0.01 M NaOH solution; and subgroup 2—samples were soaked in 0.01 M NaOH solution. The antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans was determined using a direct contact test. A digital electronic hardness tester was used to determine the composite resin’s Vickers surface hardness (VH). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric tests with a confidence level of 95%. Groups C and D showed higher antibacterial activity against S. mutans when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were recorded between VH values (p > 0.05). The use of AgNPs synthesized from Equisetum sylvaticum as a composite resin filler in 1% wt. and 1.5% wt. reduced the activity of Streptococcus mutans. Soaking of the experimental composite resin decreased the antibacterial efficacy. The loading of a microhybrid composite resin with AgNPs in concentrations of 0.5% wt. , 1% wt. , and 1.5% wt. did not influence the surface hardness.
Development of General Arithmetic E-Module Based on APOS Theory to Improve Problem Solving Ability and Independence in Middle School and High School Students

To learn about other parts of math, like how to work with numbers, you need to know arithmetic. The characteristics and concepts in mathematics are interrelated, therefore students need to acquire an introductory or basic grasp to assist in developing math skills (even if operations are considered basic stuff). This comprehension lays the groundwork for the acquisition of other mathematical talents, including problem-solving skills, which are crucial to a kid's success in school. Students and teachers alike rely heavily on online resources, yet this resource is not fully utilized in today's educational systems. In addition, not all online e-modules meet the standards of good e-modules, which results in subpar learning and makes it harder to accomplish certain educational goals. The goal of this research is to create an expert-based, user-friendly, and practical e-module for teaching elementary school mathematics that incorporates APOS theory in order to improve students' ability to learn independently and solve problems. This type of research is Design Research with the type of development studies divided into three phases, namely Preliminary research, Development or prototyping phase, and Assessment phase. Students from SMP Negeri 1 Winong, and MA Darul Ma'la made up the research sample. The data was gathered through a combination of tests, questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The study's findings demonstrate that the generated e-modules are of sufficient quality in terms of being valid, practical, and effective. validated by material experts and media experts, including lecturers and teachers, so that this e-module is considered valid by material experts and media experts, practical by lecturers, teachers, and students who use it through questionnaires, and effective based on problem-solving abilities and student learning independence after implementation.
DAGs with NO TEARS: Smooth Optimization for Structure Learning

Estimating the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs, also known as Bayesian networks) is a challenging problem since the search space of DAGs is combinatorial and scales superexponentially with the number of nodes. Existing approaches rely on various local heuristics for enforcing the acyclicity constraint and are not well-suited to general purpose optimization packages for their solution. In this paper, we introduce a fundamentally different strategy: We formulate the structure learning problem as a smooth, constrained optimization problem over real matrices that avoids this combinatorial constraint entirely. This is achieved by a novel characterization of acyclicity that is not only smooth but also exact. The resulting nonconvex, constrained program involves smooth functions whose gradients are easy to compute and only involve elementary matrix operations. By using existing black-box optimization routines, our method uses global search to find an optimal DAG and can be implemented in about 50 lines of Python and outperforms existing methods without imposing any structural constraints.
Testing Rational Addiction: When Lifetime is Uncertain, One Lag is Enough

The rational addiction model is usually tested by estimating a linear second-order difference Euler equation, which may produce unreliable estimates. We show that a linear first-order difference equation is a better alternative. This empirical specification is appropriate under the reasonable assumption that people are uncertain about the time of their death, it is based on the same structural assumptions used in the literature, and it retains all policy implications of the deterministic rational addiction model. It is also empirically convenient because it is simple, it allows using efficient estimation strategies that do not require instrumental variables, and it is robust to the possible non-stationarity of the data. As an application we estimate the demand for smoking in the US from 1970 to 2016, and we show that it is consistent with the rational addiction model.
Experimental and Theoretical Biological Probing of Schiff Bases as Esterase Inhibitors: Structural, Spectral and Molecular Insights

The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in silico potential of the Schiff bases (Z)-4-ethoxy-N-((5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methylene)benzenamine (1) and (Z)-2,4-diiodo-6-((2-methyl-3-nitrophenylimino)methyl)phenol (2). These Schiff bases were synthesized according to a reported method using ethanol as a solvent, and each reaction was monitored on a TLC until completion of the reaction. The structures of both compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques such as UV–Vis, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Molecular structure was determined using single-crystal XRD, which revealed that compounds 1 and 2 were monoclinic and triclinic, respectively. Hirshfeld surface analysis (HS) and 2D fingerprint plots were used to determine the intermolecular interactions along the contact contribution in the crystalline molecules. The structures of both compounds were optimized through a hybrid functional method B3LYP using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set, and various structural parameters were studied. The experimental and theoretical parameters (bond angle and bond length) of the compounds were compared with each other and are in close agreement. The in vitro esterase potential of the synthesized compounds was checked using a spectrophotometric model, while in silico molecular docking studies were performed with AutoDock against two enzymes of the esterase family. The docking studies and the in vitro assessment predicted that such molecules could be used as enzyme inhibitors against the tested enzymes: acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and butyrylcholine esterase (BChE).
Different Effect of Vitamin E or Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation to Sow’s Diet on Oxidative Status and Performances of Weaned Piglets

Different feeding strategies are being applied to sows in order to obtain homogeneous piglets’ weights and improved health status. This study evaluated how the dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE) (100 mg/kg), hydroxytyrosol (HXT) (1.5 mg/kg) or the combined administration (VE + HXT) given to Iberian sows from day 85 of gestation affected the growth pattern of the piglets and their oxidative status; and quantified what these effects were due to. Dietary VE and HXT improved the oxidative status of sows and piglets. Both VE and HXT modified the growth pattern at birth and performances of the piglets in a different way according to the growing period. Piglets’ performances were positively correlated with plasma VE and negatively with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) of the sow. However, the highest variation in growth patterns was explained by the colostrum composition. Significant linear equations were observed between piglets’ performances and colostrum saturated (SAT), n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7) and different desaturases indices. This study would confirm that VE supplementation to the sow diet could be more adequate than HXT for the improved development during the first weeks of a piglet’s life. The combined administration of both antioxidants would not produce additional positive effects compared to the individual supplementation.
What Do the Experts Say? Children's Perspectives on Wellbeing in Schools

Abstract:In this paper, we explore children's perspectives on wellbeing at school through a multimodal, qualitative research design. Forty-seven students from Years 2, 4 and 6 in a public school in Denmark shared their insights regarding their own wellbeing in school through written accounts and videos, as well as other articulations such as drawings, paintings and Lego models. The analysis makes use of an "extended" conceptualization of wellbeing at school, which integrates four entangled dimensions: being, belonging, becoming and agency, with aspects of the whole-school material and social environment. The analysis shows that children experience wellbeing as an embodied, multifaceted phenomenon embedded in the school context but also connected with their lives outside of school. Furthermore, the analysis points to the importance of relationships at school for wellbeing but also the significance of teacher guidance as well as the sense of safety and trust facilitated by the school staff. School facilities, workload, rhythms, time schedules and numerous transitions also play pivotal roles in student experiences of wellbeing. Finally, the findings demonstrate that in students' views, their involvement in and consequential influence on decision-making at school as a whole is decisive for their sense of wellbeing.
Abnormalities of pubertal development and gonadal function in Noonan syndrome

Background Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic multisystem disorder characterised by variable clinical manifestations including dysmorphic facial features, short stature, congenital heart disease, renal anomalies, lymphatic malformations, chest deformities, cryptorchidism in males. Methods In this narrative review, we summarized the available data on puberty and gonadal function in NS subjects and the role of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in fertility. In addition, we have reported our personal experience on pubertal development and vertical transmission in NS. Conclusions According to the literature and to our experience, NS patients seem to have a delay in puberty onset compared to the physiological timing reported in healthy children. Males with NS seem to be at risk of gonadal dysfunction secondary not only to cryptorchidism but also to other underlying developmental factors including the MAP/MAPK pathway and genetics. Long-term data on a large cohort of males and females with NS are needed to better understand the impact of delayed puberty on adult height, metabolic profile and well-being. The role of genetic counselling and fertility related-issues is crucial.
Effects of Lipopolysaccharide and Deoxynivalenol on the Survival, Antioxidant and Immune Response, and Histopathology of Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the aquatic environment has been reported to cause diseases in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). In addition, deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the primary mycotoxins found in aquaculture. However, the potential synergistic toxic effects of LPS and DON on crayfish are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, crayfish were exposed to LPS (1 mg kg−1), DON (3 mg kg−1), and their combination (1 mg kg−1 LPS + 3 mg kg−1 DON, L+D) for a duration of six days. Co-exposure to LPS and DON exhibited the lowest survival rate compared to the control or individual treatments with LPS or DON alone. In the initial stage of the experiment, the combined treatment of LPS and DON showed a more pronounced up-regulation of antioxidant and immune-related enzymes in the sera compared to the other treatment groups, with a fold change ranging from 1.3 to 15. In addition, the (L+D) treatment group showed a down-regulation of immune-related genes, as well as Toll pathway-related genes in the hepatopancreas compared to LPS or DON. Moreover, the (L+D) treatment group demonstrated a 100% incidence of histopathological changes in the hepatopancreas, which were significantly more severe compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, our study provides physiological and histopathological evidence that the co-exposure to LPS and DON exerted synergistic toxic effects on crayfish. The observed effects could potentially hinder the development of the crayfish aquaculture industry in China.
Ergodic and fixed point theorems for sequences and nonlinear mappings in a Hilbert space

Abstract In this paper, we introduce the notion of 2-generalized hybrid sequences, extending the notion of nonexpansive and hybrid sequences introduced and studied in our previous work [Djafari Rouhani B. , Ergodic theorems for nonexpansive sequences in Hilbert spaces and related problems, Ph.D. thesis, YaleUniversity, 1981; and other published in J. Math. Anal. Appl. , 1990, 2002, and 2014; Nonlinear Anal. , 1997, 2002, and 2004], and prove ergodic and convergence theorems for such sequences in a Hilbert space H. Subsequently, we apply our results to prove new fixed point theorems for 2-generalized hybrid mappings, first introduced in [Maruyama T. , Takahashi W. , Yao M. , Fixed point and mean ergodic theorems for new nonlinear mappings in Hilbert spaces, J. Nonlinear Convex Anal. , 2011, 12, 185-197] and further studied in [Lin L. -J., Takahashi W. , Attractive point theorems and ergodic theorems for nonlinear mappings in Hilbert spaces, Taiwanese J. Math., 2012, 16, 1763-1779], defined on arbitrary nonempty subsets of H.
熱帯地方における気象衛星の資料と通常の観測資料を結びつけるための数値的技術の応用;熱帯地方における気象衛星の資料と通常の観測資料を結びつけるための数値的技術の応用;Application of Some Numerical Techniques in Combining Satellite and Conventional Data in the Tropics

Some techniques are described for objectively analyzing atmospheric variables, particularly winds and cloud motions, and for refining the analyses to improve their meteorological value. An example shows how tropical cloud patterns observed by satellites can be used to modify analyses of vorticity and divergence fields and the associated winds. Methods for balancing divergence in the vertical and for numerical advection were developed for use in numerical models; some preliminary forecast results are illustrated. A proposed plan for combining various types of satellite and conventional data for input to tropical numerical prediction modus is
New versions of Grötzsch principle and Reich-Strebel inequality

In this note we will state a new version of Grotzsch's principle and using this principle we will sketch the proof of a generalization of the main inequality. Also, we will announce some related results and briefly explain tha.t one can use new version of the main inequality to study uniqueness property of harmonic mapping in general. More details will be given in a forthcoming paper.
Association between duration of progesterone supplementation and clinical outcomes in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles

Objective The administration of progesterone before transfer in hormone replacement treatment (HRT) is crucial for the clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), but the optimal duration of progesterone remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the duration of progesterone administration on the clinical outcomes of FET cycles. Methods This prospective cohort study included 353 artificial FET cycles conducted at a reproductive medicine center between April and October 2021. The FET cycles were stratified into four groups based on the duration of progesterone supplementation before the procedure and the embryonic development stage: group P3 (73 patients) received intramuscular progesterone for 3 days and group P4 (87 patients) for 4 days before Day 3 frozen embryo transfer, group P5 (70 patients) for 5 days and group P6 (123 patients) for 6 days before frozen blastocyst transfer. This trial was performed using one or two vitrified embryo(s) when the endometrial thickness reached 7 mm after estrogen supplementation in an artificial cycle. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy, and secondary outcomes included biochemical pregnancy, implantation, early pregnancy loss, and live births. Results There were no significant differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics between the groups. No significant difference was observed in the clinical pregnancy rates between groups: 23/73 (31.5%) in group P3 vs 28/87 (32.2%) in group P4 (P = 0.927). Compared to group P5 (41/70, 58.6%), the clinical pregnancy rate was not significantly different in group P6 (77/123, 62.6%, P = 0.753). There was no significant difference in the implantation rates between groups: 33/136 (24.3%) in group P3 vs 34/166 (20.5%) in group P4 (P = 0.431), and 62/133 (46.6%) in group P5 vs 107/231 (46.3%) in group P6 (P = 0.956). The duration of progesterone supplementation (mean: 3.5 ± 0.5 days; range:3–4 days) before Day 3 frozen embryo transfer did not impact clinical pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.048; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.518–2.119). The duration of progesterone administration (mean: 5.6 ± 0.5 days; range:5–6 days) before frozen blastocyst transfer may not affect clinical pregnancy (OR 1.339; 95% CI, 0.717–2.497). Conclusion There may be no significant correlation between the duration of progesterone supplementation and pregnancy outcomes in artificial FET cycles, although the clinical pregnancy rate was higher when progesterone supplementation was extended for one day before FET.
La représentation proportionnelle et la méthode des moindres carrés

© Gauthier-Villars (Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier), 1910, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Annales scientifiques de l’É. N.S. » (http://www. elsevier.com/locate/ansens) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
The (Re-)Emergence and Spread of Viral Zoonotic Disease: A Perfect Storm of Human Ingenuity and Stupidity

Diseases that are transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans are referred to as zoonotic diseases. Although microbial agents such as bacteria and parasites are linked to zoonotic events, viruses account for a high percentage of zoonotic diseases that have emerged. Worryingly, the 21st century has seen a drastic increase in the emergence and re-emergence of viral zoonotic disease. Even though humans and animals have coexisted for millennia, anthropogenic factors have severely increased interactions between the two populations, thereby increasing the risk of disease spill-over. While drivers such as climate shifts, land exploitation and wildlife trade can directly affect the (re-)emergence of viral zoonotic disease, globalisation, geopolitics and social perceptions can directly facilitate the spread of these (re-)emerging diseases. This opinion paper discusses the “intelligent” nature of viruses and their exploitation of the anthropogenic factors driving the (re-)emergence and spread of viral zoonotic disease in a modernised and connected world.