Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nurse Shark Diversification at Ig Heavy Chain Loci in the Somatic Hypermutation and Junctional

We estimate there are (cid:1) 15 IgM H chain loci in the nurse shark genome and have characterized one locus. It consists of one V, two D, and one J germline gene segments, and the constant (C) region can be distinguished from all of the others by a unique combination of restriction endonuclease sites in C (cid:1) 2. On the basis of these C (cid:1) 2 markers, 22 cDNA clones were selected from an epigonal organ cDNA library from the same individual; their C region sequences proved to be the same up to the polyadenylation site. With the identiﬁcation of the corresponding germline gene segments, CDR3 from shark H chain rearrangements could be analyzed precisely, for the ﬁrst time. Considerable diversity was generated by trimming and N addition at the three junctions and by varied recombination patterns of the two D gene segments. The cDNA sequences originated from independent rearrangements events, and most carried both single and contiguous substitutions. The 53 point mutations occurred with a bias for transition changes (53%), whereas the 78 tandem substitutions, mostly 2–4 bp long, do not (36%). The nature of the substitution patterns is the same as for mutants from six loci of two nurse shark L chain isotypes, showing that somatic hypermutation events are very similar at both H and L chain genes in this early vertebrate. The cis -regulatory elements targeting somatic hypermutation must have already existed in the ancestral Ig gene, before H and L chain divergence. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 175: 8105– 8115.
BURNOUT SUBTYPES Symptoms , risk factors , and treatment

5 Zusammenfassung . 6 Original articles . 7 1. BACKGROUND. 8 1.1. Burnout: a public health issue . 8 1.2. Diagnosing burnout . 9 1.3. Burnout subtypes might exist . 10 1.3.1 Heterogeneity of burnout symptomatology . 10 1.3.2 Burnout-depression overlap . 10 1.4. Approaches to distinguish burnout subtypes . 11 1.4. 1 Identifying common burnout symptom profiles . 11 1.4. 2 A burnout typology based on work and person-related characteristics . 13 1.4. 3 Gender specific burnout symptoms, subtypes, and risk groups . 15 1.5. Research questions . 17 2. DISCUSSION . 18 2.1. Burnout subtypes/risk groups identified with the MBI . 18 2.2. Additional burnout risk groups identified with the BCSQ-12-SS . 21 2.3. Gender specific burnout symptoms, subtypes, and risk groups . 25 2.4. Burnout subtypes/risk groups differing in depression . 28 3. IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH . 31 3.1. Practical implications for burnout diagnostics and research. 31 3.2. Practical implications for burnout interventions . 33 3.3. Outlook for future research . 34 4. CONCLUSIONS . 36 References. 37 Publications . 46
Magnitude, diversity, and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from the selected wards of Arba

Background : Patient-care equipments and inanimate objects contaminated with bacteria are perilous to patients as well as to others who happen to get exposed, and is a persistent problem in developing countries like Ethiopia, it remains overlooked. Therefore, the present study aims to elucidate the magnitude of contamination, diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria associated with patient-care equipments and inanimate objects of selected wards of Arba Minch Hospital (AMH), Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study on the diversity and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from inanimate objects and patient-care equipments of three wards of Arba Minch hospital were done. Samples were inoculated into bacteriological media and were identified by biochemical characterization followed by antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Results: Totally, 109 bacterial isolates were identified. The bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Acinetobacter sp. , Klebsiella sp. , Citrobacter sp. , Enterobacter sp. , Salmonella sp. , E. coli, and Serratia sp. The surgical ward displayed the utmost contamination rate. Antibiogram of Gram-positive cocci revealed that S. aureus and CNS manifest higher resistance to both penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Regarding the Gram-negative bacilli, isolates of Acinetobacter showed 100% resistance to ceftriaxone and ampicillin. The overall prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in this study was 57.7 %. Conclusionː Results revealed that the surgical ward, followed by paediatric and neonatal intensive care unit of AMH was heavily contaminated. Therefore, a stringent infection vigilance program comprising of routine sampling from the equipments and wards along with antimicrobial resistance surveillance and decontamination efforts must be instituted.
CCIDE_A_320537 469..478

1Department of Oral Surgery, Dental School, Pernambuco University, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; 2Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; 3Center of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil; 4Department of Clinical and Community Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil; 5Department of Orthodontics, Sao Leopoldo Mandic School, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; 6Department of Rheumatology, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Medical School, Pernambuco University, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; 7Brazilian Society of Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Medical School, Pernambuco University, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; 8Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Dental School, Pernambuco University, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Background: This study sought to investigate which temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be expected in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to determine the combined impact of these conditions on the psychological status, chronic pain, and functional disability. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study composed of 30 patients between 18 and 65 years with ankylosing spondylitis was performed. The research protocol considered the evaluation of outcomes related to the ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27 antigen, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Health Assessment Questionnaire – Spondylitis (HAQ-S)) and temporomandibular disorders (axis I and II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders – RDC/TMD). Descriptive analyses were applied to express the results. Results: The sample presented both AS and TMD, most of them (24) were diagnosed with conventional AS (HLA-B27 positive). The BASDAI was scored as 7.70 (2.30) (high activity of AS disease). Functional disability represented by high scores of BASFI [7.00 (2.63)] and HAQ-S [1.79 (0.62)] demonstrates the severe impact of the disease on the daily routine and quality of life. According to RDC/TMD diagnostic criteria, 17 (57%) share the three groups of TMD, and 9 (30%) share two groups of TMD (Group I and III). Over 73% of the volunteers scored high levels of chronic pain (Grade III and IV) associated with a high depression scale score. The sample scored the somatization scale (with and without pain) as severe. Conclusion: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis presented a high prevalence of temporomandibular disorder, most of them having the degenerative forms of TMJ disease. AS and TMD cause moderate to severe chronic pain and a negative impact on psychological status and functional capacities.
Austin Chromatography Current Status of the Techniques Used for Halitosis Analysis

There are several types of halitosis, and accurate diagnosis of the type is important. Many gases are involved in oral malodor, and intraoral halitosis is most often caused by Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSCs). To measure the concentrations of VSCs in mouth air, Gas Chromatography (GC) has been used, and this technique has contributed to much progress in halitosis research. However, GC instruments are large, expensive, and require a trained operator. To overcome these problems in daily use, portable sulfide monitors have been developed. Some of these monitors provide relatively accurate results, but they are no substitute for the accuracy of GC. Recently, two simple GCs were developed. These instruments are small and provide accuracy similar to traditional GC. This simpler instrumentation will ensure further progress in halitosis research.
Characterization of Oreochromis niloticus Strains of Lake Kariba Culture Fisheries using Morphological and Meristic Methods

Oreochromis niloticus fish collected from Yalelo Fishery, Fwanyanga Fishery and Choombwe Fishery of Lake Kariba were investigated by multivariate analysis of 23 morphometric measurements and 7 meristic counts. Dendrograms were used to delineate the sampled specimens using PC-ORD TM Software and the differences among strains were tested using One-way ANOVA in Statistix 9 Software (P = 0.05). Meristic analysis did not show a high divergence among the strains while morphometric analysis showed that the sampled fish could be characterized into three different strains. These results showed that the tested fish samples could be grouped into 3 types based on morphometric characters. The morphometric differences among the sampled O. niloticus strains may have appeared due to genetic differences among the collected specimens.
Toxic effects of latex of Croton tiglium on Lymnaea acumi- nata and Channa punctatus Efectos tóxicos del latex de Croton tiglium sobre Lymnaea acuminata y Channa punctatus

The aqueous latex extracts of Croton tiglium Linn. plant belonging to family Euphorbiaceae, was found to have strong molluscicidal activity against freshwater snail Lymnaea (Radix) acuminata Lamarck. Exposure of sub-lethal doses of latex extracts of this plant on snail Lymnaea (Radix) acuminata Lamarck over 24h or 96h caused significant change in carbohydrates and nitrogenous metabolism in nervous, hepatopancreas and ovotestis tis-
The Quality of Teamwork on Methodology in Software Development Workflow

This paper aims to validate a workflow for software development in process phases to enhance the quality of teamwork. Therefore, dependent on process of software development for projects teams in various phases. However, challenges such as teamwork and information system impede an impact of efficiency development among the teamwork. This paper presents a continuation of an ongoing theoretical framework developed, to further investigate the sustainable and collaborative in teamwork process. To develop the application framework, an approached of user requirement specification (URS), system requirement specification (SRS), layout Module, layout Database, user acceptance testing (UAT) and final acceptance testing (FAT) to completed of phases during the development. Current research on software development on application system is limited to readiness and awareness. This research extends the need for empirical findings from system analyst, top management, developer perception of software development. The paper was validate a process of teamwork in every phases to measure the impact methodology to the workflow and system application. This research found that significantly support the teamwork skill in better performance of application system.
Knowledge and Predictors of Hand Hygiene Practices among Nurses and Midwives in a Tertiary Care Maternity Hospital in Sri Lanka

Hand hygiene is an important component in infection control, which is crucial to prevent hospital acquired infection among patients’ especially preterm babies. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and adherence of the hand hygiene practices among nurses and midwives working at a tertiary care maternity hospital in Sri Lanka. Descriptive cross sectional study with self-administered questionnaire. Most questions were drawn from a previous similar study done in Canada in 2011 by Ryan and colleagues. All nurses and midwives were included in the study. The response rate was 54.7% (127/232). Nurses were 79.5% (101/127) and midwives were 20.5% (26/127) among participants. Most of the respondents (62.2%) had not participated in a hand hygiene training programme. The self-reported hand hygiene practices were 94.4% (SD ±13.75) and intention to adhere on was 96.5% (SD ±7.98) among participants but there were no statistical significance in the intention and the self-reported hand hygiene practices. However there was a statistical significance between the self-reported hand hygiene practices and number of years working at the current institution. Most of the health care workers reported that workload (52.8%) and urgent patient’s needs (58.2%) were the barriers for the maintenance of the hand hygiene. In our study only 35.4% and 36.2% of participants practice hand hygiene as per the recommendation by WHO with respect to soap and water hand wash and alcohol based hand rub respectively. In our current study, even though the intension and self-reported hand hygiene compliance are higher among the participants, the participants are not aware about the proper hand hygiene techniques. Therefore regular hand hygiene training programmes are required to maintain good quality of care.
Henneberg constructions and covers of cone-Laman graphs

We give Henneberg-type constructions for three families of sparse colored graphs arising in the rigidity theory of periodic and other forced symmetric frameworks. The proof method, which works with Laman-sparse finite covers of colored graphs highlights the connection between these sparse colored families and the well-studied matroidal (k, l)-sparse families.
Production by g Novel Pathway of IFN-during Influenza Virus Infection Unveils a Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation

The contribution of environmental factors is important as we consider reasons that underlie differential susceptibility to inﬂuenza virus. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by the pollutant dioxin during inﬂuenza virus infection decreases survival, which correlates with a 4-fold increase in pulmonary IFN- (cid:1) levels. We report here that the majority of IFN- (cid:1) -producing cells in the lung are neutrophils and macrophages not lymphocytes, and elevated IFN- (cid:1) is associated with increased pulmonary inducible NO synthase (iNOS) levels. Moreover, we show that even in the absence of dioxin, infection with inﬂuenza virus elicits IFN- (cid:1) production by B cells, (cid:1)(cid:2) T cells, CD11c (cid:3) cells, macrophages and neutrophils, as well as CD3 (cid:3) and NK1.1 (cid:3) cells in the lung. Bone marrow chimeric mice reveal that AhR-mediated events external to hemopoietic cells direct dioxin-enhanced IFN- (cid:1) production. We also show that AhR-mediated increases in IFN- (cid:1) are dependent upon iNOS, but elevated iNOS in lung epithelial cells is not driven by AhR-dependent signals from bone marrow-derived cells. Thus, the lung contains important targets of AhR regulation, which likely inﬂuence a novel iNOS-mediated mechanism that controls IFN- (cid:1) production by phagocytic cells. This suggests that AhR activation changes the response of lung parenchymal cells, such that regulatory pathways in the lung are cued to respond inappropriately during infection. These ﬁndings also imply that environmental factors may contribute to differential susceptibility to inﬂuenza virus and other respiratory pathogens. The Journal of Immunology,
M&A and CEO Compensation: Does Peer Benchmarking of CEO Pay Matter?

Despite the 2006 SEC mandate requiring firms to report their compensation peers in their proxy statements, we find that CEOs use acquisitions as an opportunity to increase their benchmark pay unjustly. In addition, acquiring CEOs receive additional pay for completing acquisitions. These acquisition-related pay effects occur regardless as to the acquiring CEO’s pay relative to the median CEO pay of their peer firms. We find the acquirer CEOs’ pay inflation is mitigated when CEOs do not chair the board and in the presence of increased governance in the form of more concentrated institutional ownership and less busy boards.
Prevalence of age related macular degeneration and associated factors at a tertiary eye care center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Age-related macular degeneration accounts for 8.7% of all blindness worldwide and there is an expected change in the presence of Age related macular degenerative disorders following a marked rise in life expectancy worldwide. With a paucity of data on age related macular degenerative disease from peoples of African descent prevalence information on Africans are largely from studies undertaken in African populations living outside of the African continent. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of age related macular degeneration among patients attending a tertiary Eye care center in Addis Ababa. Methods : A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 50 years old and above attending a tertiary eye care center, with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical package for social studies version 21. Result:-In the study 414 patients were participated. Two hundred twenty-three (53.9%) of the respondents were male with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The mean age was 61.4 ± 9 years. The main presenting complaint of patients was distortion of vision in 288 (69.6%) followed by metamorphosia in 13 (3.1%). The prevalence of the age related macular degenerative disease was100 (24.2%); among which 51(51%), 18(18%) and 31(31%) had early, intermediate and late AMD. Significant association were found between each decade of age increasing above 60 (p value 0.01), history of smoking (p value 0.021). Conclusion : Age related macular degenerative disease is a common problem affecting old age people visiting tertiary eye center in Ethiopia. There is an increased risk of having the disease with each decade of age increment above the age of 60years. We recommend a meticulous clinical examination and use of optical coherence tomography to detect the disease early and treat it properly in all age group greater than 50 years.
Effect of different management practices on soil properties of Mediterranean paddy fields

— Rice crop cultivation in Mediterranean environments traditionally involves intensive and expensive tillage practices that may change for the worse the soil's original physical and physicochemical properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the short- and long-term effects of aerobic rice production, combined with conventional and no-tillage practices, on soils' physical and physicochemical properties. A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years (2011, 2012 and 2013), with four treatments: anaerobic with conventional tillage and flooding (CTF), aerobic with conventional tillage and sprinkler irrigation (CTS), aerobic with no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS), and long-term aerobic with no-tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). Highest TOC (15.6, 15.5 and 16.2 g kg -1 ), AH (1.60, 1.33 and 1.76 g kg -1 ), AF (1.03, 0.993 and 0.998 g kg -1 ) and total N (0.143, 0.106 and 0.143%) values were obtained by NTS7 in all three years, thus the mid- and long-term implementation of no-tillage combined with sprinkler irrigation may be considered to be a sustainable management system for rice farming under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.
The tropical route of QBO teleconnections in a climate model

The influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on tropical climate is demonstrated using 500-yr pre-industrial control simulations from the Met Office Hadley Centre model. Robust precipitation responses to the phase of the QBO are diagnosed in the model, which show zonally asymmetric patterns that resemble the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts. These patterns are found because the frequency of ENSO events for each QBO phase is significantly different in these simulations, with more El Niño events found under the westerly phase of the QBO (QBOW) and more La Niña events for the 5 easterly phase (QBOE). The QBO-ENSO relationship is non-stationary and subject to decadal variability in both models and observations. In addition, regression analysis shows that there is a QBO signal in precipitation that is independent of ENSO. No evidence is found to suggest that these QBO-ENSO relationships are caused by ENSO modulating the QBO in the simulations. A relationship between the QBO and a dipole of precipitation in the Indian Ocean is also found in models and observations in boreal fall, characterized by a wetter western Indian Ocean and drier conditions in the eastern part for QBOW and the 10 opposite under QBOE conditions. The Walker circulation is significantly weaker during QBOW compared to QBOE, which could explain the observed and simulated zonally asymmetric precipitation responses at equatorial latitudes as well as the more frequent El Niño events during QBOW. Further work, including targeted model experiments, is required to better understand the mechanisms causing these relationships between the QBO and tropical convection.
Chloroplast SRP54 was recruited for posttranslational protein transport via complex formation with chloroplast SRP43 during land plant evolution*

Background: In chloroplasts of higher plants a heterodimeric complex targets LHC proteins to the thylakoid membrane. Results: In green algae cpSRP43 alone forms a targeting complex with LHC proteins. Conclusion: The coevolution of LHC proteins and cpSRP43 occurred independently of complex formation with cpSRP54. Significance: The results provide new insights into the evolution of cpSRP-dependent protein transport. ABSTRACT complex formation. As At-cpSRP54M has a very low absorbance at 280 nm the chromatogram is not shown. Elution fractions ranging from 8 - 18.5 ml were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie staining (A, B, D, E and F) or western blotting (C) to distinguish between LHCP and At-His-cpSRP54M, as both proteins have the same running behaviour in SDS-PAGE. The complex formation assays shown in A, B and D contained equimolar amounts of the indicated recombinant proteins, whereas in the assay shown in C, At-His-cpSRP54M, At-His-cpSRP43 and LHCP were incubated at a molar ratio of 1:2:2.