Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of insoluble fiber on growth performance, carcass traits and ileum morphological parameters on broiler chick males.

To determination the effects of insoluble raw fiber concentrate (IRFC) on performance, carcass and ileum morphologic traits, four dietary treatments containing 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% levels of IRFC with four replicates were fed to 240-days-old Lohmann chick males for 42 days. Weight gain significantly differed in grower (22-42 d) and total of experimental period (042 d) and the control group shows a lower weight gain than other groups. Feed conversion rate (FCR) for the control and 0.25% IRFC at the starter and control group for grower and overall of period was greater than other groups. IRFC at the rate of 0.50 and 0.75% produced significantly greater carcass and breast meat than the other groups. Significant differences were observed in intestine and abdominal fat. Use of 0.75% IRFC had lower intestine percentage as compare to other groups. Likewise control group had a higher abdominal fat than other groups, while thigh and liver had no significant differences. Crypt depth did not show differences at day 21 and 42. At day 21 control group had a lower height of villi than others, also control and 0.25% IRFC had a lower villi to crypt ratio (V/C) as compare to 0.50 and 0.75% groups. At day 42, all of IRFC groups had higher villi height and a high V/C ratio than control group. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers
Sinantropía de Calliphoridae (Diptera) del Municipio La Pintada, Antioquia - Colombia

Calliphoridae are found in a variety of habitats, showing preference for human environments, a phenomenon known as synanthropy. The medical, ecological and sanitary importance of these flies resides in their feeding and development habits, which occur in excrement, garbage, decomposing organic matter and animal carcasses. In addition, they are mechanical vectors of pathogens and causal agents of myiasis. The objective of this study was to determine the synanthropic index (SI) of adult Calliphoridae in La Pintada-Antioquia, Colombia, through simultaneous monthly samplings in three environments (urban, rural, and forest) using van Someren Rydon traps baited with human excrement, decomposing chicken viscera, fish and onion. Four traps (one for each bait) were placed in each environment for 48 hours each month, making collections every 12 hours. A total of 2406 individuals was captured belonging to 10 species. Chysomya megacephala (SI = + 96.47) showed the strongest preference for dense human settlements. Cochliomyia macellaria (SI = + 78.1), Lucilia eximia (SI = + 74,94) and Chysomya albiceps (SI = + 59.12) had preferences for human settlements (eusynanthropic). Hemilucilia semidiaphana (SI = -50) showed a preference away from human settlements (asynanthropic). Cochliomyia hominivorax, Chloroprocta idioidea, Lucilia cuprina, Hemilucilia segmentaria and Paralucilia pseudolyrcea were collected in small numbers, and their SI could not be determined. The monthly abundance and the efficiency of the attractiveness to baits are discussed according to their medical and sanitary importance. Paralucilia pseudolyrcea is recorded for first time in Colombia. Synanthropic species could be involved in the transmission of pathogens in this locality.
Combiner la gestion optimale du pâturage et les performances des vaches laitières : enjeux et outils

Les prairies et le pâturage devraient constituer a l’avenir la base des systemes laitiers durables. L’herbe pâturee est le fourrage le moins couteux pour alimenter les vaches laitieres et constitue un mode d’alimentation qui reduit l’impact environnemental des systemes tres intensifs tout en conferant une image plus « naturelle » aux systemes laitiers. L’utilisation efficace de l’herbe au pâturage necessite la mise au point de methodes qui permettent de maximiser l’ingestion journaliere d’herbe tout en assurant la production d’une quantite importante d’une herbe de qualite durant toute la saison de pâturage. Les opportunites d’accroitre la part de l’herbe pâturee dans l’alimentation des vaches laitieres existent en allongeant la saison de pâturage au printemps et/ou en automne et en pratiquant le report d’herbe sur pied en ete. A ce titre, l’introduction de legumineuses, trefle blanc notamment, dans les prairies doit etre favorisee. Les possibilites de moduler la saisonnalite de la croissance de l’herbe existent au travers de la selection fourragere, de la strategie de fertilisation azotee ou des pratiques de pâturage. L’interet d’une reduction du chargement visant a maximiser les performances individuelles reste limite compte tenu des effets cumulatifs defavorables sur la qualite de l’herbe et sa valorisation. Par contre, l’accroissement de la proportion de feuilles grâce a des pratiques de pâturage appropriees au printemps permet d’accroitre l’ingestion et de maintenir une hauteur residuelle faible qui facilite la gestion du pâturage. Il reste a en evaluer les consequences durant toute la saison de pâturage et son influence sur les performances annuelles par hectare. Dans un futur proche, le developpement de methodes et d’outils d’aide a la gestion du pâturage a la fois pour le rationnement des vaches laitieres et pour la gestion des parcelles devrait donner confiance aux eleveurs et favoriser le retour du pâturage dans l’alimentation des vaches laitieres.
EFFECT OF AGED GARLIC EXTRACT AND ALLICIN ADMINISTRATION TO SOWS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DEVELOPMENT OF PIGLETS: MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE. PART II.

This investigation was undertaken to continue our earlier studies performed on piglets born by sows that were treated with aged garlic extract (AGE) and allicin during the last 24 d of pregnancy and during 28 d of lactation. To explain whether improved systemic development of piglets from sows treated with AGE or allicin observed previously is connected with changes of the gastrointestinal tract on microstructural level, the morphological properties of the small intestine were determined. Piglets were obtained from 18 sows and divided into 3 equal experimental groups. The experimental piglets were divided additionally into 8 age-differentiated subgroups, namely non-suckling newborns and 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 35, and 56 d old piglets. Starting from the 91 st d of pregnancy up to the piglet weaning on the 28 th d of their life, the sows were daily given per os AGE or allicin, whereas the control group received the vehiculum. Morphometric measurements of villus height, villus width at villus base, villus section area, crypt (gland) depth and mucosa thickness were performed automatically under confocal microscope. Moreover, villus number per cm of cross section of each investigated intestine sample was estimated. This study revealed that administration of allicin and AGE to pregnant and lactating sows induced beneficial effects on morphological parameters of villi investigated in different parts of the small intestine and during various developmental stages of their offspring. These effects seem to be dependent on the age of the animals and the examined part of the small intestine. The most readable changes in villus morphology were induced by AGE and allicin in piglets between 7 and 35 d of life. Moreover, the most significant response of the intestine to experimental factors was observed in 50% and 75% of jejunum length as well as in the ileum. In conclusion, increased surface of the small intestine, as a positive consequence of allicin and AGE administration may be postulated as factors responsible for their improved systemic development. Moreover, the results obtained confirmed that improved nutrition at early stages of postnatal development, and as the major intrauterine environmental factor, may be beneficial not only after the birth but may have lifelong consequences, leading to the permanent changes of the structure, physiology, and metabolism of offspring.
Aspen elk and fire in the Rocky Mountain national parks of North America

Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) forests in the Rocky Mountains are an indicator of ecological conditions because they have maintained their presence for thousands of years through vegetative reproduction, and these communities have high biodiversity. Aspen can be tied to ecosystem condition through a 4-level trophic model that links humans, wolves (Canis lupus), elk (Cervus elaphus), and aspen through the processes of predationf herbivory, burning! and differential wildlife responses to humans. We used a compara- tive study of research literature and historic photographs to evaluate aspen change over time in 6 Rocky Mountain national parks in Canada and the United States: Jasper, Banff, Yoho, Kootenay, Yellowstone, and Rocky Mountain. Across all parks, aspen has consis- tent responses to increased browsing by ungulates and decreased frequency of fire. Al- though aspen was historically vigorous in all parks, today most stands are in decline. Trees are intermediate to mature in age (60-120 years old), and elk browse off new suck- ers before they reach 2 m in height. Fire, combined with browsing, has hindered regen- eration of aspen. The exception to this pattern is northern Jasper National Park where elk densities appear to have been reduced by wolves in the 1970s, and aspen regenerated. We found a gradient of increasing human-caused ecosystem changes in Rocky Mountain national parks: (1 ) historic conditions with frequent fires and low elk density regulated by humans, wolves, and other predators (i.e., all parks); (2) current conditions of patches of high elk density, where wolves are displaced by human land use, within a matrix of mod- erate elk density, where wolves and other predators are present (i.e., Banff and Jasper na- tional parks); (3) recent condltions inside parks, where wolves are absent, and very high elk density is regulated by competition for food (i.e., Yellowstone before 1995); and (4) potential future conditions, where increasing human land use around parks displaces car- nivores and reduces hunting, and very high elk density occurs throughout landscapes. As- pen stands regenerate well in areas of low elk density and in some areas of moderate elk density; however, in areas of high and very high elk density, aspen does not regenerate to heights >2 m, and burning accelerates clone deterioration. Our recommendations to na- tional park managers are to restore carnivores, use fire in areas of low elk density, and control human uses that displace carnivores.
Application of Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients on Etanercept: A Case–Control Study

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease characterized by its chronicity and symmetrical pattern of involvement. The purpose of the present study was to assess the genotoxic effect of the antitumor necrosis factor-ɑ agent (Etanercept) in the adult rheumatoid arthritis patients by the mean of a buccal micronucleus cytome assay . Buccal smears from a normal mucosa of 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients on Etanercept and 30 healthy subjects were taken to apply the buccal micronucleus cytome assay on them. Significantly higher frequencies of micronuclei, pyknotic cells and nuclear buds were seen in those patients when compared to controls. In respect to these findings, the rheumatoid arthritis patients on Etanercept were showing a higher frequency of the genomic damage and cell death biomarkers than the healthy controls which indicates a higher risk of developing pathosis. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, genotoxic effect, buccal micronucleus cytome assay.
The effect of digest acid on growth rate and some blood parameters in calves

Analyses were carried out of the growth rate and concentration of some metabolites in blood serum of calves. The animals were fed diets supplemented with digest acid (a mixture of lactic, citric and orthophosphoric acids). It was shown that diet supplementation with this acid, used from calf birth t i l l day 84 of life, had a beneficial effect on animal growth and increased uptake of the com­ pound mixture already from day 22 of life. When the animals were fed only solid feeds, acid supplementation improved nutrient utilization, this being reflected in an increase in the concentration of some indices related to lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Chromosome morphology of Berari goats with special reference to mitotic drive and mitotic index.

The chromosome morphology of Berari goat of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra was studied. The chromosomal compliment of Berari goat consisted of diploid chromosome number 2n=60. All the autosomes were acrocentric, X chromosome was identified as the second largest chromosome and Y chromosome was found to be smallest and metacentric. The mean mitotic drive in female was found to be 51.22±0.65 while in male it was 47.94±0.94. The mean mitotic drive irrespective of sex was found to be 49.58±0.61. The mean mitotic index in female was found to be 6.59±0.58 while in male it was 5.29±0.85. The mean mitotic index irrespective of sex was found to be 5.94±0.13.
Sucesion de la entomofauna cadaverica y ciclo vital de Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) como primera especie colonizadora, utilizando cerdo blanco (Sus scrofa) en Bogota

This it is the first succession study of cadaverous fauna in the sabana de Bogota. The succession of cadaverous entomofauna and the approximation of the calculation of the postmortem interval (PMI) was determined using white pig (Sus scrofa) as a biomodel. During six months 3,497 individuals insect were collected. The most abundant families were Muscidae, Fannidae, Calliphoridae and Silphidae. The most abundant genera were Chloroprocta (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Fannia (Diptera: Fannidae), Muscina (Diptera: Muscidae), Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae), and Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), and the species Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Oxelytrum discicolle (Brulle) (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Five states of decomposition were differentiated: fresh (2 days), inflation (13 days), active decomposition (5 days), advanced decomposition (41 days) and dry remains (123 days). A table of the probability of appearance of the families was elaborated along each one of the days of sampling. Calliphora vicina was the first colonizer with a development time of 38 days. Growth and development curves were built adjusted to a statistical model for the larval stage. The effectiveness of the curves of growth and development of the succession of cadaverous fauna and of the probability table were demonstrated in the resolution of a forensic case.
Limited Proteolysis of β‐Conglycinin and Glycinin, the 7S and 11S Storage Globulins from Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.]

The G2 (A2B1a) glycinin subunit from soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) was purified and renatured to the homohexameric holoprotein. This protein along with purified β-conglycinin were subjected to limited proteolysis by trypsin. The generated polypeptide fragments were separated via SDS/PAGE and the amino acid sequence of the N-terminals was determined. Four cleavage points were detected in the α-chain A2 of glycinin as well as in the α′-chain of β-conglycinin. From the known three-dimensional structure of 7S globulin and the hypothetical model of 7S globulin-like 11S globulin structure, it was possible to draw the conclusion that two distinct types of susceptible sites for proteolytic cleavage are characteristic of the subunits of both globulins. The first includes the sequences linking N- and C-terminal domains of both globulins and the sequence of N-terminal extensions of 70-kDa subunits from the vicilin-like 7S globulins. The second type includes the loop between β-strands E and F of the N-terminal domain of 11S globulins and of the C-terminal domain of 7S globulins. A statistically significant similarity was found between the N-terminal extension of the α′-chain of β-conglycinin and the interdomain linker regions of soybean glycinin and pea legumin. It is proposed that the three sequence regions which form the first type of susceptible sites are of similar structural function and might have evolved from the N-terminal segment of a putative single-domain ancestor.
Atributos de qualidade de sementes de milho beneficiadas em mesa de gravidade

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the gravity table in separating seed corn into fractions of different quality, and to relate physical and physiological attributes for practical recommendations. Five lots of seed corn classified into unsized, large flat, large round, small flat and small round were conditioned through a pressure type gravity table. The original sample obtained before gravity table separation and the heavy, medium heavy, medium light and light fractions obtained from the discharge edge of the machine were analyzed for physical (bulk density, weight, volume, specific gravity, purity, and pericarp injury), and physiological (standard germination. cold germination. and field emergence) quality attributes. Original seed corn quality was upgraded by the heavy and the medium heavy fractions. The medium light fraction may be reconditioned to recover fractions of acceptable seed quality, and the light seed obtained from the low side of the gravity table did not meet the seed requirements. When the initial seed quality of a lot is high, only marginal improvement in seed quality was obtained. Bulk density was the best physical attribute of the seed corn correlated with germination. For seed corn conditioners, the “can test” is recommended to easy determine the efficiency of the machine adjustments. A difference in bulk density of 8% between extreme fractions is recommended as a pattern for quality control in the gravity table.
Is eggshell pigmentation a condition-dependant strategy? Implications for egg crypsis in Japanese quail.

Avian eggshell colouration fulfills multiple adaptive functions, including egg camouflage. The potential role of the two main eggshell pigments in oxidative stress, biliverdin and protoporphyrin, may be behind a relationship between female immunocompetence and eggshell pigment investment strategies. In this study, environmental conditions were manipulated during different life cycle stages, via a variety of methods, including food-restriction and stress hormone exposure in female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), in order to experimentally test the condition-dependence of eggshell pigmentation, and to give first insights into the possible implications for egg crypsis. I demonstrated that eggshell pigmentation strategy is not only affected by female current body condition, but is also shaped by its early life experience such as exposure to stress, and that eggshell colouration is a key factor involved in egg crypsis in Japanese quail. Eggshell colour and maculation were both independently affected by breeding conditions; which stresses the complexity of the relationship between eggshell pigment concentrations and its appearance. My findings imply that eggshell appearance is a female extended phenotypic trait, and that trade-offs between eggshell pigmentation and immune-functions may lead to inter-females differences in their ability to maximise egg crypsis.
In vivo and in vitro effect of oxytetracycline treatment on the immune response of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the most frequently used antibiotics in aquaculture, although negative side-effects have been reported in some cases. The present study has determined the effect of the in vivo administration of OTC on several immune functions in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), such as kidney macrophage respiratory burst, phagocytosis and plasma bactericidal activity. Total plasma protein was also measured. The antibiotic was administered orally over 12 days, and this treatment was combined with OTC baths on days 1, 3 and 5. The drug did not suppress the immune functions analysed. Instead, the treatment produced a significant increase in the plasma bactericidal activity and total protein concentration. The effect of different doses of OTC on macrophage functions (i.e. respiratory burst activity and phagocytosis) and cell viability was also assayed in vitro. Although cell viability did not decrease after in vitro exposure, head kidney macrophage respiratory burst and phagocytosis were inhibited by the in vitro treatment, and were dose-dependent.
Endocrine control of nestling begging behaviour in the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca

Begging signals given by nestling birds may advertise their condition or quality and parents may respond by allocating their resources in relation to begging intensity. In order for such signals to be honest, they must be costly to produce. The aim of this project was to investigate the role of nestling endogenous testosterone (T) as a potential mechanism to control begging signals in pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca. Androgen levels were analysed from invasive and non-invasive (faecal) samples using T radioimmunoassay. In the laboratory, nestling begging behaviour was measured as: 1) the duration of begging displays and 2) the maximum height of begging stretches. It was found that individual nestlings begging most intensively had the highest circulating levels of T immediately after testing. This relationship was tested experimentally by dosing nestlings with oral doses of T and assessing the effects on nestling begging signals. The results showed that the duration of begging displays by T-dosed nestlings were longer than controls, confirming the causal nature of T in controlling nestling begging signals. A field study investigated the effect of brood reduction on parental provisioning strategies, nestling behaviour and T levels. During brood reduction parents allocated food resources according to rules based more strongly on nestling begging behaviour compared with control days. A partial cross-fostering experiment tested whether nestling T and begging behaviour related to levels of relatedness within the nest. The begging duration of cross-fostered broods was longer than control broods and fostered nestlings increased their faecal androgen levels, although the reliability of this result should be further investigated. A biochemical validation study confirmed that excreted androgen metabolites were measured in the faeces of pied flycatchers. Overall, the results of this project confirmed that T is responsible in part for the control of begging intensity and may be a mechanism that controls begging behaviour in nestling birds.
Karyotype Analysis of Eight Korean Native Species in the Genus Iris

Karyotypes were established in the eight Korean native species of the genus Iris. Chromosome numbers were 2n=50 in I. koreana and 2n=42 in I. uniflora var. carinata and their karyotype formulas were K = 2n = 50 = 14m + 28sm + 8st and K = 2n = 42 = 16m + 26sm, respectively. I. dichotoma and I. pseudoacorus were diploids of 2n=34. However, they showed different karyotype formulas: K = 2n = 34 = 26m + 6sm + 2st in I. dichotoma and K = 2n = 34 = 8m + 24sm + 2st in I. pseudoacorus. I. setosa, and I. pallasii var. chinensis carried the same chromosome numbers of 2n=40, but they showed different patterns of karyotype formula: K = 2n = 40 = 22m + 14sm + 4st in I. setosa and K = 2n = 40 = 26m + 12sm + 2st in I. pallasii var. chinensis. I. sanguinea was a diploid of 2n=28 and the karyotype formula was K = 2n = 28 = 14m + 14sm. I. ensata var. spontanea was a diploid of 2n=24 and the karyotype formula was K = 2n = 24 = 10m + 14sm. Each species showed characteristic chromosome composition with a pair of satellite chromosome except I. koreana with three pairs of satellite chromosomes. The chromosomes of I. dichotoma and I. uniflora were comparatively short, while the chromosomes of I. ensata were remarkably bigger than those of other species. These cytological data will give a useful information for the identification and breeding program of the Iris plants.