Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast and accurate frequency-dependent radiation transport for hydrodynamics simulations in massive star formation

Context. Radiative feedback plays a crucial role in the formation of massive stars. The implementation of a fast and accurate description of the proceeding thermodynamics in pre-stellar cores and evolving accretion disks is therefore a main effort in current hydrodynamics simulations. Aims. We introduce our newly implemented three-dimensional frequency dependent radiation transport algorithm for hydrodynamics simulations of spatial configurations with a dominant central source. Methods. The module combines the advantage of the speed of an approximate flux limited diffusion (FLD) solver in the onetemperature approach, which is valid in the static diffusion limit, with the high accuracy of a frequency dependent first order raytracing routine. The ray-tracing routine especially compensates the introduced inaccuracies by standard approximate FLD solvers in transition regions from optically thin to thick and yields the correct optical depths for the frequency dependent stellar irradiation. Both components of our module make use of realistic tabulated dust opacities. The module is parallelized for distributed memory machines based on the message passing interface standard. We implemented the module in the three-dimensional high-order magnetohydrodynamics code Pluto. Results. We prove the viability of the scheme in a standard radiation benchmark test compared to a full frequency dependent MonteCarlo based radiative transfer code. The setup includes a central star, a circumstellar flared disk, as well as an envelope. The test is performed for different optical depths. Considering the frequency dependence of the stellar irradiation, the temperature distributions can be described precisely in the optically thin, thick, and irradiated transition regions. Resulting radiative forces onto dust grains are reproduced with high accuracy. The achievable parallel speedup of the method imposes no restriction on further radiative (magneto-) hydrodynamics simulations. Conclusions. The proposed approximate radiation transport method enables frequency dependent radiation hydrodynamics studies of the evolution of pre-stellar cores and circumstellar accretion disks around an evolving massive star in a highly efficient and accurate manner.
EFFECT OF PERCEIVED POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT ON LOAN REPAYMENT PERFORMANCES AND SUSTAINABILITY OF YOUTH REVOLVING FUND IN OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

Ethiopian Youth Revolving Fund (YRF) loan was established with the objective to provide financial and technical assistance to unemployed youths in alleviating their economic and social difficulties by using the fund sustainably. However, the government and Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company (OCSSCo) reports(2017/218-2020/2021) show that loan repayment was not performed as expected for the reasons not yet scientifically studied and justified. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of perceived political environment variables on loan repayment performance and sustainability of YRF in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional descriptive and explanatory research design and the data was collected from 328 sample respondents in the selected area. STATA software version 16 was employed and Chi-square (X2) test of association was used to check the significant association among different explanatory variables and their effect on YRF loan repayment performance. The findings showed that variables such as initial time of fund release, perception that money is political kit, information asymmetry about fund, escorted systematic corruption, intervention of third party in fund approval, losses and damages of business due to political instability and strikes have affected loan repayment performance and sustainability of YRF at less than 5% level of significance. Finally, the government and OCSSCo are recommended to create sufficient public awareness to about the fund, provide adequate trainings and guidance and follow-up borrowers’ businesses. Government should also create a system that minimize unnecessary intervention on fund approval, eliminate bias and nepotism, make accountable officials for misconduct. It should be also develop fewer policies and legislative texts to govern the implementation of YRF and create a public- private partnership to implement and manage the fund keeping remote its hands from implementation of the fund but with adequate supervision to ensure the fund’s effectiveness and long-term sustainability.
Mitochondrial Distress in Methylmalonic Acidemia: Novel Pathogenic Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives

Mitochondria are highly dynamic, double-membrane-enclosed organelles that sustain cellular metabolism and, hence, cellular, and organismal homeostasis. Dysregulation of the mitochondrial network might, therefore, confer a potentially devastating vulnerability to high-energy-requiring cell types, contributing to a broad variety of hereditary and acquired diseases, which include inborn errors of metabolism, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging-associated adversities. In this Review, we highlight the biological functions of mitochondria-localized enzymes, from the perspective of understanding the pathophysiology of the inherited disorders destroying mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular metabolism. Using methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) as a paradigm of mitochondrial dysfunction, we discuss how mitochondrial-directed signaling pathways sustain the physiological homeostasis of specialized cell types and how these may be disturbed in disease conditions. This Review also provides a critical analysis of molecular underpinnings, through which defects in the autophagy-mediated quality control and surveillance systems contribute to cellular dysfunction, and indicates potential therapeutic strategies for affected tissues. These insights might, ultimately, advance the discovery and development of new therapeutics, not only for methylmalonic acidemia but also for other currently intractable mitochondrial diseases, thus transforming our ability to modulate health and homeostasis.
Evaluating the Performance of Airborne and Ground Sensors for Applications in Precision Agriculture: Enhancing the Postprocessing State-of-the-Art Algorithm

The main goals of the following paper are to evaluate the performance of two multispectral airborne sensors and compare their image data with in situ spectral measurements. Moreover, the authors aim to present an enhanced workflow for processing multitemporal image data using both commercial and open-source solutions. The research was provoked by the need for a relevant comparison between airborne and ground sensors for vegetation analysis and monitoring. The research team used an eBee fixed-wing platform and the multiSPEC 4c and Sequoia sensors. The authors carried out field measurements using a handheld spectrometer by Trimble—GreenSeeker. There were two flight campaigns which took place near the village of Tuhan in the Czech Republic. The results from the first campaign were discouraging, showing less possibility in the correlation between the aerial and field data. The second campaign resulted in a very high percentage of correlation between both types of data. The researchers present the image processing steps and their enhanced photogrammetric workflow for multitemporal data which helps experts and nonprofessionals to reduce their processing time.
Effect of self-driving of pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery to the operating room in reducing preoperative anxiety and pain and boost parental satisfaction

Background: Preoperative anxiety in children is highly prevalent, associated with negative outcomes, and has the potential to alter the dynamics of a surgical operation. If preoperative anxiety is mismanaged, it can result in postponed or canceled essential procedures. Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether self-driving of children to an operating room could relieve their preoperative anxiety and pain, in addition to assessing parental satisfaction. Methods: A prospective, two-armed quasi-experimental study was designed with three measurement time points, including 60 children (4–10 years) from both genders who had undergone elective surgeries and who were randomly allocated to the study group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Both groups received standard information provided by the nursing staff, and the study group only used self-driving to the operating room. The primary outcome was change in the children preoperative anxiety levels, as measured by the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) and the measurement of the physiological variables both in ward and when the children approached the anesthesia room. Pain was assessed by the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). A secondary outcome was parent satisfaction.
The Non-Agriculturalization of Cultivated Land in Karst Mountainous Areas in China

When used for agricultural production, karst mountainous areas are susceptible to soil degradation due to the effects of soluble rocks and the climate. To mitigate the risk, the Grain for Green Project, a sizable initiative, was commenced to transition cultivated land away from agricultural use. This conversion of cultivated land to non-agricultural land has been significant. The study area considered in this research included four small towns in southwest China in karst mountainous areas with various morphologies. The investigation of the non-agriculturalization of cultivated land in the four sample areas revealed that the non-agriculturalization rate of cultivated land as a result of the Grain for Green Project has reached between 21.36% and 51.43% each decade. Thus, the Grain for Green Project has been advantageous for lowering the landscape ecological risk. Furthermore, because an increasing number of agricultural production materials have been introduced to the cultivated land, the conversion from cultivated land to non-agricultural land has not caused a staple food crisis on the national scale. However, it is impossible to observe all the potential drawbacks of the non-agriculturalization of cultivated land from satellite photos alone, and further social data collection is required. The findings of this study can offer precise information for policymaking in relation to the protection of rural cultivated land and rural spatial optimization in karst mountainous areas.
Direct evidence of soft mode behavior near the Burns temperature in thePbMg1/3Nb2/3O3relaxor ferroelectric

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the relaxor ferroelectric PbMg 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 O 3 (PMN) in the temperature range 490 K<T<880 K directly observe the soft mode (SM) associated with the Curie-Weiss behavior of thedielectric constant e(T). The results are treated within the framework of the coupled SM and transverse optic (TO1) mode and the temperature dependence of the SM frequency at q=0.075a* is determined. The parameters of the SM are consistent with the earlier estimates and the frequency exhibits a minimum near the Burns temperature (650 K).
Targeting welfare: on the functions and dysfunctions of means testing in social policy

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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, IONIZED GAS, AND MOLECULAR HYDROGEN IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES OF COOL-CORE CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES

We present measurements of 5–25 μm emission features of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) with strong optical emission lines in a sample of nine cool-core clusters of galaxies observed with the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. These systems provide a view of dusty molecular gas and star formation, surrounded by dense, X-ray-emitting intracluster gas. Past work has shown that BCGs in cool-core clusters may host powerful radio sources, luminous optical emission-line systems, and excess UV, while BCGs in other clusters never show this activity. In this sample, we detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), extremely luminous, rotationally excited molecular hydrogen line emission, forbidden line emission from ionized gas ([Ne ii] and [Ne iii]), and infrared continuum emission from warm dust and cool stars. We show here that these BCGs exhibit more luminous forbidden neon and H2 rotational line emission than star-forming galaxies with similar total infrared luminosities, as well as somewhat higher ratios of 70 μm/24 μm luminosities. Our analysis suggests that while star formation processes dominate the heating of the dust and PAHs, a heating process consistent with suprathermal electron heating from the hot gas, distinct from star formation, is heating the molecular gas and contributing to the heating of the ionized gas in the galaxies. The survival of PAHs and dust suggests that dusty gas is somehow shielded from significant interaction with the X-ray gas.
Orbital and escape dynamics in barred galaxies – I. The 2D system

In this paper we use the two-dimensional (2D) version of a new analytical gravitational model in order to explore the orbital as well as the escape dynamics of the stars in a barred galaxy composed of a spherically symmetric central nucleus, a bar, a flat disk and a dark matter halo component. A thorough numerical investigation is conducted for distinguishing between bounded and escaping motion. Furthermore bounded orbits are further classified into non-escaping regular and trapped chaotic using the Smaller ALingment Index (SALI) method. Our aim is to determine the basins of escape through the two symmetrical escape channels around the Lagrange points $L_2$ and $L_3$ and also to relate them with the corresponding distribution of the escape rates of the orbits. We integrate initial conditions of orbits in several types of planes so as to obtain a more complete view of the overall orbital properties of the dynamical system. We also present evidence that the unstable manifolds which guide the orbits in and out the interior region are directly related with the formation of spiral and ring stellar structures observed in barred galaxies. In particular, we examine how the bar's semi-major axis determines the resulting morphologies. Our numerical simulations indicate that weak barred structures favour the formation of $R_1$ rings or $R_1'$ pseudo-rings, while strong bars on the other hand, give rise to $R_1R_2$ and open spiral morphologies. Our results are compared with earlier related work. The escape dynamics and the properties of the manifolds of the full three-dimensional (3D) galactic system will be given in an accompanying paper.
Chitosan/PVA/PEG Blend Strengthened with MgO Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Application

Chitosan holds net ionic positive charges, which contribute its ability to chemically bind with negatively charged fats, lipids, metal ions, proteins, and microorganisms. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles are important inorganic materials with a wide band-gap used in many applications such as catalysts, antibacterial and medical products. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Chitosan (CHT) hydrogel loaded MgO nanoparticles on the bacterial growth. CHT/ poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/ poly ethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel was blended with various amounts of MgO nanoparticles. The surface morphology of the obtained blends was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). Evidently, surfaces with appropriate roughness were obtained for most of the prepared hydrogels. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) were also included in this paper. Thermal properties of all samples was studied by DSC-TGA curves. The antibacterial activity of the prepared hybrids CHT/PVA/PEG/MgO nanoparticles have performed against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Streptococcus, as well as gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E.coli). In this study, MgO nanoparticles various proportions presented high efficiency towards gram positive microorganisms. High resistance of gram negative bacteria against the final products was extremely detected according to measured inhibition zones which were between (0-9) mm.
Initial conditions for globular clusters and assembly of the old globular cluster population of the Milky Way

By comparing the outcome of N-body calculations that include primordial residual-gas expulsion with the observed properties of 20 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) for which the stellar mass function (MF) has been measured, we constrain the time-scale over which the gas of their embedded cluster counterparts must have been removed, the star formation efficiency the progenitor cloud must have had and the strength of the tidal field the clusters must have formed in. The three parameters determine the expansion and mass loss during residual-gas expulsion. After applying corrections for stellar and dynamical evolution, we find birth cluster masses, sizes and densities for the GC sample and the same quantities for the progenitor gas clouds. The pre-cluster cloud-core masses were between 105 and 107 M⊙ and half-mass radii were typically below 1 pc and reach down to 0.2 pc. We show that the low-mass present day MF (PDMF) slope, initial half-mass radius and initial density of clusters correlate with cluster metallicity, unmasking metallicity as an important parameter driving cluster formation and the gas expulsion process. This work predicts that PD low-concentration clusters should have a higher binary fraction than PD high-concentration clusters. Since the oldest GCs are early residuals from the formation of the Milky Way (MW) and the derived initial conditions probe the environment in which the clusters formed, we use the results as a new tool to study the formation of the inner GC system of the Galaxy. We achieve time-resolved insight into the evolution of the pre-MW gas cloud on short time-scales (a few hundred Myr) via cluster metallicities. The results are shown to be consistent with a contracting and self-gravitating cloud in which fluctuations in the pre-MW potential grow with time. An initially relatively smooth tidal field evolved into a grainy potential within a dynamical time-scale of the collapsing cloud.
Supersymmetry with a sister Higgs boson

Within the context of supersymmetric theories, explaining a 125 GeV Higgs motivates a consideration of a broader range of models. We consider a simple addition to the MSSM of a \Sister Higgs" ( d), a Higgs eld that participates in electroweak symmetry breaking but does not give any direct masses to Standard Model matter elds. While a relatively minor addition, the phe
Effects of a Chair Positioning Session on Awake Non-Intubated COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients: A Multicenter, Observational, and Pilot Study Using Lung Ultrasound

Background: LUS is a validated tool for the management of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chair positioning (CP) may have beneficial effects on oxygenation and lung aeration, and may be an easier alternative to PP. This study assessed the effects of a CP session on oxygenation and lung aeration (LA) changes in non-intubated COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted in an ICU. We analyzed data from LUS exams and SpO2:FiO2 performed before/after a CP session in non-intubated COVID-19 patients. Patients were divided into groups of responders or non-responders in terms of oxygenation or LA. Results: Thirty-three patients were included in the study; fourteen (44%) were oxygenation non-responders and eighteen (56%) were oxygenation responders, while thirteen (40.6%) and nineteen (59.4%) patients were classified as LA non-responders and responders, respectively. Changes in oxygenation and LA before/after a CP session were not correlated (r = −0.19, p = 0.3, 95% CI: −0.5–0.17). The reaeration scores did not differ between oxygenation responders and non-responders (1 (−0.75–3.75) vs. 4 (−1–6), p = 0.41). The LUS score was significantly correlated with SpO2:FiO2 before a CP session (r = 0.37, p = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03–0.64) but not after (r = 0.17, p = 0.35, 95% CI: −0.19–0.50). Conclusion: A CP session was associated with improved oxygenation and LA in more than half of the non-intubated COVID-19 patients.
Including Information on Overdiagnosis in Shared Decision Making: A Review of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Aids

Background. Overdiagnosis is an accepted harm of cancer screening, but studies of prostate cancer screening decision aids have not examined provision of information important in communicating the risk of overdiagnosis, including overdiagnosis frequency, competing mortality risk, and the high prevalence of indolent cancers in the population. Methods. We undertook a comprehensive review of all publicly available decision aids for prostate cancer screening, published in (or translated to) the English language, without date restrictions. We included all decision aids from a recent systematic review and screened excluded studies to identify further relevant decision aids. We used a Google search to identify further decision aids not published in peer reviewed medical literature. Two reviewers independently screened the decision aids and extracted information on communication of overdiagnosis. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or by consulting a third author. Results. Forty-one decision aids were included out of the 80 records identified through the search. Most decision aids (n = 32, 79%) did not use the term overdiagnosis but included a description of it (n = 38, 92%). Few (n = 7, 17%) reported the frequency of overdiagnosis. Little more than half presented the benefits of prostate cancer screening before the harms (n = 22, 54%) and only 16, (39%) presented information on competing risks of mortality. Only 2 (n = 2, 5%) reported the prevalence of undiagnosed prostate cancer in the general population. Conclusion. Most patient decision aids for prostate cancer screening lacked important information on overdiagnosis. Specific guidance is needed on how to communicate the risks of overdiagnosis in decision aids, including appropriate content, terminology and graphical display. Highlights Most patient decision aids for prostate cancer screening lacks important information on overdiagnosis. Specific guidance is needed on how to communicate the risks of overdiagnosis.
Properties of hierarchically forming star clusters

We undertake a systematic analysis of the early (<0.5 Myr) evolution of clustering and the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in turbulent fragmentation simulations. These large-scale simulations produce up to thousands of stars in clusters that can individually contain up to several hundred stars, and thus for the first time offer the opportunity for a statistical analysis of IMF variations and correlations between stellar properties and cluster richness. The typical evolutionary scenario involves star formation in relatively small-n clusters which then progressively merge; the first stars to form are seeds of massive stars and achieve a head start in mass acquisition. These massive seeds end up in the cores of clusters and a large fraction of new stars of lower mass is formed in the outer parts of the clusters. The resulting clusters are therefore mass segregated at an age of 0.5 Myr, although the signature of mass segregation is weakened during mergers. We find that the resulting IMF has a smaller exponent (α = 1.8–2.2) than the Salpeter value (α = 2.35). The IMFs in subclusters are truncated at masses only somewhat larger than the most massive stars (which depends on the richness of