Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESULTS OF A 3-YEAR BEACH EROSION CONTROL PROJECT IN HILLSBORO BEACH, FLORIDA, UTILIZING PRESSURE EQUALIZING MODULES (PEM)

The patented PEM system is a passive beach dewatering technology consisting of hollow permeable tubes installed vertically into the beach in a grid pattern. The system requires no pumps or energy to operate. At Hillsboro Beach, Florida the system was installed for a 3-year period at a highly eroding part of the beach where the shoreline historically had lost 25.2 ft. (-7.7 m) in 3 years. By the end of the 3-year period the shoreline in the 1-mile PEM project area had advanced 26.9 ft. (8.2 m), erosion had stopped, and the PEM area had accreted from R-monument line to MHW, to -5ft NAVD, and to DOC without the control areas to the North and South being negatively affected.
Transient signal analysis of step temperature modulation in metal oxide sensor response

Staircase waveforms of metal oxide sensor response modulated heater temperature were analysed and the alternative transient signal processing was proposed to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of gas sensor in order to identify various types of volatile organic compounds. Twenty-one steps of ramping voltage up and down were applied to the sensor heater and the step responses were investigated by wavelet transform for both the step levels and decay characteristics in each step. For the step decay signal analysis, Haar and the fourth order daubechies wavelets were used to decompose and analyze the signal into the seventh level resolution. The approximate coefficients at the seventh level can be used to represent the step level response. The unequal transient response during heating up and cooling down processes of each sensor for different vapours can be determined by the difference between approximate coefficient and its next step value. The detail coefficients of the level less than the fourth level were neglected to clean out unimportant detail and noise. The detail coefficients at the fourth level were employed to illustrate the unique decay feature at each step response. The wavelet coefficients containing major transient characteristic of each vapour can be selected and used as input parameters for identifying species of odour by principal component analysis without problem of voltage offset shifting.
A linear scaling change impact analysis based on a formal safety model for automotive embedded systems

For automotive systems it is not possible to efficiently determine the impact of changes on the functional safety of the system. A new impact analysis is presented in this work that provides a linear relation between the re-verification effort and the size of the change by still guaranteeing the safety of the device. The impact analysis uses a formal safety model using contracts to express fault containment properties and safety mechanisms. The specification means in this model have been developed to cover the needs from the functional safety concept of the ISO 26262. In contrast to other safety specifications we provide an abstraction technique, which allows the development of a system in a top-down manner. The semantics of the language are formally defined to allow automatic analyses. To compare the effectiveness of the analysis compared with the re-verify all technique, a stochastic simulation framework has been developed.
Changes in the colchicine susceptibility of microtubules associated with neurite outgrowth: studies with nerve growth factor-responsive PC12 pheochromocytoma cells

The PC12 line of nerve growth factor (NGF)-responsive rat pheochromocytoma cells was used as a model system to determine whether properties of microtubules change during neurite growth and maturation. In the absence of NGF, PC12 cells lack processes. After several days with NGF, PC12 cells begin extending neurites and, by 2-3 wk with NGF, PC12 cells have long (approximately 1 mm), highly branched neurites. We examined the effect of colchicine on microtubules of PC12 cells grown without NGF or with NGF for 1 or 21 d. PC12 cells grown under the various conditions were exposed to 50 microM colchicine for 1 or 6 h, and were then assayed for their content of polymerized tubulin using a biochemical assay. Microtubule levels in drug-treated cultures were compared to those in non-drug-treated control sister cultures. PC12 cells grown without NGF or with NGF for 1 d were depleted of MT by 1 h with colchicine. In contrast, microtubule levels in long-term NGF- treated cells exposed to colchicine for 6 h were reduced to only approximately 57% of those in control cells. Control experiments indicated that the observed differential susceptibility to colchicine was not due to differences in colchicine uptake or to the effects of colchicine on cell viability. These observations suggest that microtubules of PC12 cells grown without NGF or with NGF for 21 d differ in their properties. Such differences may be related to one or more of the changes in structure and/or motility that result from treatment with NGF.
ACTIVITIES OF SINGLE MOTOR UNITS IN MAN DURING SLIGHT VOLUNTARY EFFORTS

Despite the vast literature concerning voluntary contractions of human muscles, there has not yet been presented an adequate description of the discharges from individual nerve cells of the spinal motor horn as they participate in the production of the various movements which occur. In this paper we are presenting material which deals with the responses of those fibers in a muscle which are in-nervated by one or by a very few motor nerve cells. The spinal motor neurone, which is the final common path (Sherrington, 1) for the activation of skeletal muscle has for its functional element the motor unit. This was defined by Liddell and Sherrington (2) as the ((motoneurone axone and its adjunct muscle fibres.-. . " Adrian and bronk (3) and Denny-Brown (4) showed that it was possible to record the electrical discharges from single motor units which were responding during reflex activity and Adrian and Bronk recorded discharges from single units of muscles participating in voluntary contractions. Later Smith (5) and Lindsley (6) recorded the responses of single motor units in voluntary activity. Their work established a foundation on which we have attempted to place the beginning of a more complete structure. In selecting the experimental material which is to be considered below the attempt has been made to use records which would yield an outline description of the activities of single motor units under conditions ranging between threshold and slight to moderate voluntary effort. For the moment we shall avoid detailed quantitative considerations and shall describe the single unit response first as it occurs in quick movements of various intensities, either as isolated single efforts or as a rhythmic series of movements; second, as it participates in sustained movements begun or ended more or less suddenly; and third, as its activities are related to the activities of other nearby motor units whose responses may also be recorded.
Development of the RF SAW filters based on PCB substrate

Recently produced RF SAW (surface acoustic wave) filters are made using HTCC (high temperature cofired ceramic) with CSP (chip scale package) technology. This paper describes the development of a new 1.4 times 1.1 and 2.0 times 1.4 mm RF SAW filter based on PCB (printed circuit board) substrate instead of HTCC package, which reduces the cost of materials by 40%. We have investigated the multilayered PCB substrate structure and raw materials to determine the optimal flip-bonding condition between the LiTaO3 wafer and PCB substrates. Also, optimal materials and processing conditions for the epoxy laminating film were experimentally determined that can reduce the bending moment caused by thermal expansion differences between the PCB substrate and laminating film. The new PCB SAW filter shows better electrical and reliability performances than those observed with present SAW filters
A novel optimization algorithm solving network reconfiguration

This paper presents a new way to formulate and solve the distribution system optimal reconfiguration problem. The system equations representing the network topology, power flow equation and objective function equation are transformed into an artificial dynamic model formulated by using only differential equations, on the basis of an error function defined into a Lyapunov space domain. Possible inequality constraints are handled by using additional slack variables to transform them into equality constraints. The solution of the optimal reconfiguration problem is obtained at the convergence of the artificial dynamics and is based on dynamic optimal power flow formulation. Starting from a time domain continuous problem, a mixed continuous integer solution in Lyapunov space domain is obtained. The results obtained on a test system are shown and discussed.
Heat Transfer at Small Dimensions MICROSCALE THERMAL ENGINEERING OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

The electronics industry is encountering thermal challenges and opportunities with lengthscales comparable to or much less than one micrometer. Examples include nanoscale phonon hotspots in transistors and the increasing temperature rise in onchip interconnects. Millimeter-scale hotspots on microprocessors, resulting from varying rates of power consumption, are being addressed using two-phase microchannel heat sinks. Nanoscale thermal data storage technology has received much attention recently. This paper provides an overview of these topics with a focus on related research at Stanford University. INTRODUCTION Thermal management has been an important concern for the electronics industry for several decades, and it has grown more critical in the past few years owing to increases in the total heat generation rate, and the heat generation rate per unit area, of modern micrporcessors. This trend has been accompanied by an extension of the dimensions of many challenging problems down to deep sub-micrometer lengthscales. In the past, the main thermal management activities were in air routing and system level management and the design of metal heat sinks, heat pipes, and vapor chambers. While these activities remain important, a new set of challenges and opportunities at the micro and nanoscale are growing crucial. These are occurring primarily, or close to, the semiconductor chip, as summarized in these four examples: Nanoscale Transistor Hotspots: As silicon transistor channel lengths decrease below 100 nm, the spatial volume and number of lattice vibrational states gaining energy from electron scattering are also decreasing. This results in extreme nonequilibirum phonon populations within the device, which impedes conduction cooling and reduces both the source injection and drain series resistances. The impact on device design will be dramatic for transistors below the 50 nm node. Interconnect Heating: Another on-chip thermal problem is the temperature rise in the metal interconnect structures on chips. The trends to higher current interconnect densities, extreme interconnect aspect ratios, and more metal layers are raising the metal temperature rise to tens of degrees Celsius. This problem is aggravated by trends to novel organic and porous dielectrics, which impeded thermal conduction. Novel Thermal Microdevices for Information Storage and Diagnostics: Advancements in micro and nanomachining have enabled new realms of imaging and data storage technologies, which are finding impact for the IC industry. This section of the paper presents two novel thermal microstructures including cantilever beams for data storage and microlenses for precise scanning. Two-Phase Microchannel Heat Sinks and Chip-Level Hotspots: Highly nonuniform rate of heat generation on a semiconductor chip increases the peak chip temperature for a
Source Code Exploration with Google

The paper presents a new approach to source code exploration, which is the result of integrating the Google Desktop Search (GDS) engine into the Eclipse development environment. The resulting search engine, named Google Eclipse Search (GES), provides improved searching in Eclipse software projects. The paper advocates for a component-based approach that allows us to develop strong tools, which support various maintenance tasks, by leveraging the strengths of existing frameworks and components. The development effort for such tools is reduced, while customization and flexibility, to fully support user needs, is maintained. GES allows developers to search software projects in a manner similar to searching the Internet or their own desktops. The proposed approach takes advantages of the power of GDS for quick and accurate searching and of Eclipse's extensibility. The paper discusses usage scenarios, advantages, limitations, and possible extensions of the proposed tandem
Lattice QCD Calculation of the Kaon B Parameter with the Wilson Quark Action

The kaon B parameter is calculated in quenched lattice QCD with the Wilson quark action. The mixing problem of the \Delta s=2 four-quark operators is solved non-perturbatively with full use of chiral Ward identities, and this method enables us to construct the weak four-quark operators exhibiting good chiral behavior. We find B_K(NDR, 2GeV)=0.562(64) in the continuum limit, which agrees with the value obtained with the Kogut-Susskind quark action.
Local-spin Mutual Exclusion Using Fetch-and-φ Primitives ∗ ( Extended Abstract )

We present a generic fetch-and-φ-based local-spin mutual exclusion algorithm, with O(1) time complexity under the remote-memory-references time measure. This algorithm is “generic” in the sense that it can be implemented using any fetch-and-φ primitive of rank 2N , where N is the number of processes. The rank of a fetch-and-φ primitive is a notion introduced herein; informally, it expresses the extent to which processes may “order themselves” using that primitive. This algorithm breaks new ground because it shows that O(1) time complexity is possible using a wide range of primitives. In addition, previously published fetch-and-φ-based algorithms either use multiple primitives or require an underlying cache-coherence mechanism for spins to be local, while ours does not. By applying our generic algorithm within an arbitration tree, one can easily construct a Θ(logr N) algorithm using any primitive of rank r, where 2 ≤ r < N . For certain primitives of constant rank, we present a slightly more efficient Θ(logN/ log logN) algorithm. It follows from a previously-presented lower bound proof that this algorithm is time-optimal.
Modeling program predictability

Basic properties of program predictability-for both values and control-are defined and studied. We take the view that program predictability originates at certain points during a program's execution, flows through subsequent instructions, and then ends at other points in the program. These key components of predictability: generation, propagation, and termination; are defined in terms of a model. The model is based on a graph derived from dynamic data dependences and a predictor. Using the SPEC95 benchmarks, we analyze the predictability phenomena both separately and in combination. Examples are provided to illustrate relationships between model-based characteristics and program constructs. It is shown that most predictability derives from program control structure and immediate values, not program input data. Furthermore, most predictability originates from a relatively small number of generate points. The analysis of obtained results suggests a number of ramifications regarding predictability and its use.
Votinbox-a voting system based on smart cards

The complexity of voting procedures, and their variations from country to country, make it challenging to design a secure electronic voting system. In most of the usual propo sals, the security of the system relies mainly on a blackbox voting machine. Meanwhile, the most advanced proposals base their security arguments on (complicated) cryptographic protocols, e.g. blind signatures or homomorphic schemes. At Cardis 2004, Canard and Traoré [4] presented cryptographic primitives specially aimed at providing anonymous services using smartcards. Among the proposed primitives i s a new list signature scheme. Such schemes are specially suita ble for electronic voting, as they provide specific properties s uch as multiple vote detection. Moreover, unlike blind signatures, they do not require the participation of a signing authority duri ng the ballot creation process. The purpose of this paper is to present theVotinbox electronic voting system, whose security relies on a tamper-resistant smart card embedding several cryptographic protocols, including list signatures.
A Community-Based Vulnerability Assessment of Terrestrial Flooding in the South Oropouche River Basin After Tropical Storm Bret

The year 2017 had a very active season for hurricanes and extreme weather conditions. Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria did damage to several Caribbean islands. Even Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), a country which rarely experiences extreme weather conditions, was affected by Tropical Storm Bret. Tropical Storm Bret caused flooding in T&T, especially in the low lying South Oropouche River Basin.There is a dearth of research conducted in T&T about the impact of extreme weather conditions and flooding on communities and families. Thus, this study sought to conduct a community base vulnerability assessment (CBVA) of the impact of the Tropical Storm Bret induced flooding upon the residents of the South Oropouche River Basin.Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews and questionnaires to conduct the CBVA. Furthermore, this study introduced a Modal Community Based Vulnerability Assessment Index (MCBVAI) to help determine which factors the residents South Oropouche River Basin are most vulnerable to.This study found that the most vulnerable residents were vulnerable largely to their building of structures at locations unsuitable for housing. Moreover, the most vulnerable residents also built structures that were not resilient to flooding and was elevated less than 4 feet (ft) off the ground. The appropriate policy response for the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT) would be to i) establish building codes, ii) develop a comprehensive spatial planning strategy which prohibits people from building structures in unsuitable areas, and iii) implement disaster risk reduction programmes which focus on improving pre-event disaster preparedness, improving the national and local response, and promoting educational awareness.
A Decision Model for Cyber-Foraging Systems Conference

Cyber-foraging is a technique to enable mobile devices to extend their computing power and storage by offloading computation or data to more powerful servers located in the cloud or in single-hop proximity. While there is a large amount of research in this area, the reality is that there are not many deployed, operational cyber-foraging systems. As these systems become more prevalent due to their proven benefits, combined with the emergence of micro data centers and edge clouds, a need will arise for guidance on their architecture and development. To provide this guidance, we present a decision model based on a mapping of functional and non-functional requirements for cyber-foraging systems to a set of architectural tactics. The decision model was validated by developers to obtain an expert opinion on its correctness and usefulness for guiding the architecture, design, and evolution of cyber-foraging systems that meet their intended functional and non-functional requirements, while understanding the effects of decisions.
Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 Increases Bone Density in Intact Females Only under an Inflammatory Setting

Background & Aims We previously demonstrated that short-term oral administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri 6475 enhanced bone density in male but not female mice. We also established that L. reuteri 6475 enhanced bone health and prevented bone loss in estrogen-deficient female mice. In this study, we tested whether a mild inflammatory state and/or a long-term treatment with the probiotic was required to promote a positive bone effect in estrogen-sufficient female mice. Methods A mild inflammatory state was induced in female mice by dorsal surgical incision (DSI). Following DSI animals were orally supplemented with L. reuteri or vehicle control for a period of 8 weeks. Gene expression was measured in the intestine and bone marrow by qPCR. Distal femoral bone density and architecture was analyzed by micro-CT. Results We report that 8 weeks after DSI there is a significant increase in the weight of spleen, thymus and visceral (retroperitoneal) fat pads. Expression of intestinal cytokines and tight junction proteins are also altered 8 weeks post-DSI. Interestingly, L. reuteri treatment was found to display both intestinal region- and inflammation-dependent effects. Unexpectedly we identified that 1) L. reuteri treatment increased bone density in females but only in those that underwent DSI and 2) DSI benefited cortical bone parameters. In the bone marrow, dorsal surgery induced CD4+ T cell numbers, a response that was unaffected by L. reuteri treatment, whereas expression of RANKL, OPG and IL-10 were significantly affected by L. reuteri treatment. Conclusion Our data reveals a previously unappreciated effect of a mild surgical procedure causing a long-lasting effect on inflammatory gene expression in the gut and the bone. Additionally, we demonstrate that in intact female mice, the beneficial effect of L. reuteri on bone requires an elevated inflammatory status.
Some Effects of Continous Tempo and Pitch Transformations in Perceived Pleasantness of Listening to a Musical Sound File

Physiological changes, i.e., changes in the heart rate and its variability, respiratory patterns etc., are induced by listening to music. Both the low-level acoustic features of the sound and the perceived pleasantness of the music contribute to the type and strength of the physiological changes. Thus, for studying the effects of the pleasantness, it would be important to keep the low-level acoustic features as similar as possible in the sound samples. In this project we explored the effects of continuous tempo and pitch transformations in perceived pleasantness of listening to a musical sound file. Subjects evaluated pleasantness according to seven step Likert scale in which one is the most unpleasant and seven is the most pleasant. According to subjects’ judgment the changes in tempo affects less to perceived pleasantness than changes in pitch.
Is There Any Alternative to Canonical DNA Barcoding of Multicellular Eukaryotic Species? A Case for the Tubulin Gene Family

Modern taxonomy is largely relying on DNA barcoding, a nucleotide sequence-based approach that provides automated species identification using short orthologous DNA regions, mainly of organellar origin when applied to multicellular Eukaryotic species. Target DNA loci have been selected that contain a minimal amount of nucleotide sequence variation within species while diverging among species. This strategy is quite effective for the identification of vertebrates and other animal lineages but poses a problem in plants where different combinations of two or three loci are constantly used. Even so, species discrimination in such plant categories as ornamentals and herbals remain problematic as well as the confident identification of subspecies, ecotypes, and closely related or recently evolved species. All these limitations may be successfully solved by the application of a different strategy, based on the use of a multi-locus, ubiquitous, nuclear marker, that is tubulin. In fact, the tubulin-based polymorphism method can release specific genomic profiles to any plant species independently from its taxonomic group. This offers the rare possibility of an effective yet generic genomic fingerprint. In a more general context, the issue is raised about the possibility that approaches alternative to systematic DNA sequencing may still provide useful and simple solutions.