Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications of Plastomes of Five Genera in Subfamily Amyridoideae (Rutaceae)

In the most recent classification of Rutaceae, Amyridoideae is the largest and most diverse subfamily. In Amyridoideae, the genera Phellodendron, Tetradium, Toddalia and Zanthoxylum were proposed as “proto-Rutaceae”due to substantial phytochemical similarities. In this study, we investigated the plastome varia-tions in eight species representing these four genera and Melicope. All plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with four regions (LSC, SSC, IRa and IRb). The whole chloroplast genome size ranged from 158,383 bp to 159,014 bp and the gene number ranged from 115 to 116. By comparative analyses, we found that there were structural variations at the LSC/IR and SSC/IR borders of the plastomes in the five genera, especially in Melicope. Three most divergent regions (trnH-psbA, trnE-trnT and psaB) were found from the LSC region, which had great potential for developing effective genetic markers. In addition, we conducted a phylogenomic analyses of the “proto-Rutaceae”and related taxa with plastomes data from 36 species. Our results showed that (1) Phellodendron, Tetradium, Toddalia and Zanthoxylum were confirmed as close relatives and grouped together as the ‘proto-Rutaceae’, (2) Phellodendron was sister to Tetradium, and Toddalia was deeply nested within Zanthoxylum, and (3) Toddalia asiatica was closely related to the Southwest Pacific and East Asian species of Zanthoxylum, and Melicope pteleifolia was more closely related to Acronychia than it is to Tetradium. This study provided new insights into the plastome structural varia-tions in subfamily Amyridoideae, and demonstrated that the plastomes data were sufficiently robust to explore implications of the phylogeny for the previous phylogenetic hypotheses.
Concentration of Stem Injury in Maize Fields by Chilo partellus and Effect of Trichogramma chilonis on Chilo partellus Eggs under Laboratory Conditions

Maize is an important cereal crop after wheat and rice, grown all over the world including Pakistan. Maize crop is attacked by several insects pests among them maize stem borer, Chilo partellus is key pest that cause huge losses. Different management tactics are adopted to control pest and minimize the yield reduction. An experimental study was conducted at Insect pest management program in National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad during 2017 to check the concentration of stem damage by C. partellus in maize field and parasitism of Trichogramma chilonis reared on C. partillus eggs under laboratory conditions. The results showed that maximum tunnels were recorded in Maize Germplasm (MBR-10) entry 1 (2.75) followed by row 4 (2.40) while minimum in the row 3 (0.42) followed by row 9 (1.00). The rates of adult emergence on the eggs of Chillo partellus was 83.92% followed by 78.71% and 71.21% respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Analysis and Design of Hybrid Harmonic Suppression Scheme for VSG Considering Nonlinear Loads and Distorted Grid

The power quality of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) inevitably deteriorates in the presence of local nonlinear loads and distorted grid. In this paper, the conflict involved in the simultaneous elimination of distortion for both the inverter local load voltage and the grid exchanged current is first described. A unified control structure is presented that enables a tunable tradeoff between the two constrained harmonic sources. Then, a hybrid harmonic suppression scheme is proposed to enable the further improvement of the adaptability of VSG, which mainly consists of a local voltage harmonic control loop and an adaptive grid current-controlled loop. The local voltage harmonic control loop aims to scale down the inverter output impedance via a negative feedback loop, while the grid current-controlled compensator is intended to counteract the adverse effects from a weak grid via an additional voltage, which leads to substantially lower total harmonic distortion for both the local load voltage and the grid current at the same time. Small-signal modelling is performed to investigate the system stability and its robustness to parameter perturbations. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified using hardware-in-the-loop simulations.
Progresses on the Use of Two-Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) Diagnostics for Measuring Absolute Atomic Densities in Plasmas and Flames

Recent developments in plasma science and technology have opened new areas of research both for fundamental purposes (e.g., description of key physical phenomena involved in laboratory plasmas) and novel applications (material synthesis, microelectronics, thin film deposition, biomedicine, environment, flow control, to name a few). With the increasing availability of advanced optical diagnostics (fast framing imaging, gas flow visualization, emission/absorption spectroscopy, etc.), a better understanding of the physicochemical processes taking place in different electrical discharges has been achieved. In this direction, the implementation of fast (ns) and ultrafast (ps and fs) lasers has been essential for the precise determination of the electron density and temperature, the axial and radial gradients of electric fields, the gas temperature, and the absolute density of ground-state reactive atoms and molecules in non-equilibrium plasmas. For those species, the use of laser-based spectroscopy has led to their in situ quantification with high temporal and spatial resolution, with excellent sensitivity. The present review is dedicated to the advances of two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) techniques for the measurement of reactive species densities (particularly atoms such as N, H and O) in a wide range of pressures in plasmas and flames. The requirements for the appropriate implementation of TALIF techniques as well as their fundamental principles are presented based on representative published works. The limitations on the density determination imposed by different factors are also discussed. These may refer to the increasing pressure of the probed medium (leading to a significant collisional quenching of excited states), and other issues originating in the high instantaneous power density of the lasers used (such as photodissociation, amplified stimulated emission, and photoionization, resulting to the saturation of the optical transition of interest).
A Comparative Study on Consumer Attitude and Intention toward Online Food Purchasing in Korea and Vietnam: The Moderating Effect of Nationality

Purpose – This paper empirically analyzed the determinants of the online food market in Korea and Vietnam as representatives of the developed market and emerging market. The online food market can be regarded as having a high potential value. This study aims to suggest the appropriate implications for each developed market and emerging market by empirically comparing and analyzing customers' online food purchase determinants in the growth change of the online food market. Design/methodology – The empirical model of this study was established with the motif of the TAM+Trust model suggested by Nguyen et al.’s (2019) existing theoretical framework. Davis’s (1989) TAM model was adopted to establish a framework related to the determinants that consumers would accept, for the online food purchasing method. Then, the trust variable is added to the framework which is regarded as an important effector especially in food related researches. In this study’s comparative analysis, the multi-group structural equation modeling analysis was implemented. Findings – The main finding of this study can be summarized as that the moderating effect of nationality is significant. This means that there is an obvious difference between the developed online food market and the emerging online food market. In addition, as the growth of the online market changes, the significant determinants of consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions are somewhat different. However, the usefulness of online food purchasing methods and the trust of websites were analyzed as significant factors. Originality/value – Although the potential of the online food market is abundant, studies on the determinants of customer’s attitude and purchase intention are insufficient. Moreover, comparative studies between countries have not been conducted in existing studies. Therefore, the research value of this paper can be explained in that it has suggested implications for the continued growth of the online food market.
GEOAppS: Interactive numerical models of geomorphic processes and application in a post-secondary coastal processes course

Abstract The vast extent to which quantitative prerequisites vary among post-secondary geoscience programs often presents a challenge for educators and students alike in courses for which math and physics are foundational. This study discusses the design of GEOAppS, a suite of educational numerical models, and its application toward lowering the barrier-to-entry for quantitative concepts in an upper-level post-secondary coastal processes course. GEOAppS is a software package, built in MATLABⓇ, that provides animated visualizations of course concepts through a graphical user interface. Nineteen students enrolled in the course participated in this study, which used a within-subjects experimental design, in which students alternated between experimental and control treatments, to evaluate the efficacy of GEOAppS at facilitating student understanding of quantitative concepts. GEOAppS was used as the experimental instructional intervention, while complementary, static visualizations (paper handouts) composed the control treatment. For each instructional treatment, students’ learning outcomes were evaluated by: (a) a written exercise completed concurrently to the treatment, and (b) a course quiz administered the following week. Results indicate that students’ performance on the written exercises was higher when using GEOAppS than with static visualizations; however, no significant difference between the two treatments was present in the delayed testing quiz scores. Additionally, the data suggest the existence of aptitude-treatment interaction, in which lower-performing students benefited more from GEOAppS than high-expertise students. An end of study survey of student perceptions showed that most students perceived greater learning from GEOAppS and preferred using the models to the static visuals.
Survey of the charge properties of phospholipids using Nanodiscs and Membrane-confined electrophoresis

Phospholipids (PL) are a major, diverse constituent of cell membranes. PL diversity arises from the nature of the fatty acid chains, as well as the head group structure. The head group charge is thought to contribute to both the strength, and specificity of protein-membrane interactions. Furthermore, the divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+, have been shown to be essential for optimal binding for some of these interactions. Because it has been difficult to measure membrane charge, it has been impossible to quantitate the role charge plays in these interactions. However, Nanodiscs provide a stable, planar membrane bilayer suitable for biophysical studies. Here we present the first measurements of the charge on Nanodiscs containing neutral (POPC and POPE) and anionic (POPS, POPA, and PIP2) PLs in varying ratios, and in different solvent conditions. The data reveal that: 1) Nanodiscs provide high-quality charge data using membrane-confined electrophoresis (MCE), and; 2) Nanodiscs exhibit polyelectrolyte behavior. Therefore, the technique of MCE combined with the technology of Nanodiscs give us the ability to develop a simple, reproducible way to analyze lipid charge under physiological conditions; which can clarify inconsistencies between data obtained using various analytical techniques, membrane systems, and experimental conditions.
Management of Non-Vital Open Apex in A Lateral Incisor Using Calcium Hydroxide and Reverse GP Cone Cold Lateral Compaction in A General Practice Setting

Although dental trauma is poorly managed by general dental practices, it is important to follow appropriate steps to achieve optimal results. This case report outlines the management of non-vital immature teeth with calcium hydroxide and reverse Gutta Percha (GP) cone cold lateral compaction to achieving endodontic success. Even though it is a disputed technique, if proper conditions are provided, the root development continues to preserve a functionally fit and sound tooth on the arch of a young adolescence, avoiding extensive surgical and prosthetic procedures to replace a potentially compromised tooth. This case report highlights the beneficial effects of both calcium hydroxide and Chlorhexidine-dygluconate (CHX), which are far to be obsolete in the field of apexification or even regenerative dentistry as a whole. The 11 years old male presents posttraumatic necrosis in the upper left lateral incisor (tooth 2.2) which is dressed with calcium hydroxide, achieving the disinfection of the root canal, remission of the apical periodontitis and complete root formation 1 year later. The importance of the use of biocompatible materials as calcium hydroxide and CHX are emphasized in this case in which, although, no modern regenerative procedures and materials were used, the results are more than satisfactory. This report will look into the management of a nonvital immature lateral incisor with a reverse GP cone lateral compaction to achieving a successful apical and canal seal radiographically.
Extension of a gaseous dry deposition algorithm to oxidized volatile organic compounds and hydrogen cyanide for application in chemistry transport models

The dry deposition process refers to flux loss of an atmospheric pollutant due to uptake of the pollutant by the Earth’s surfaces, including vegetation, underlying soil, and any other surface types. In chemistry transport models (CTMs), the dry deposition flux of a chemical species is typically calculated as the product of its surface layer concentration and its dry deposition velocity (Vd); the latter is a variable that needs to be highly empirically parameterized due to too many meteorological, biological, and chemical factors affecting this process. The gaseous dry deposition scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) parameterizes Vd for 31 inorganic and organic gaseous species. The present study extends the scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) to include an additional 12 oxidized volatile organic compounds (oVOCs) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), while keeping the original model structure and formulas, to meet the demand of CTMs with increasing complexity. Model parameters for these additional chemical species are empirically chosen based on their physicochemical properties, namely the effective Henry’s law constants and oxidizing capacities. Modeled Vd values are compared against field flux measurements over a mixed forest in the southeastern US during June 2013. The model captures the basic features of the diel cycles of the observed Vd. Modeled Vd values are comparable to the measurements for most of the oVOCs at night. However, modeled Vd values are mostly around 1 cm s−1 during daytime, which is much smaller than the observed daytime maxima of 2–5 cm s−1. Analysis of the individual resistance terms and uptake pathways suggests that flux divergence due to fast atmospheric chemical reactions near the canopy was likely the main cause of the large model–measurement discrepancies during daytime. The extended dry deposition scheme likely provides conservative Vd values for many oVOCs. While higher Vd values and bidirectional fluxes can be simulated by coupling key atmospheric chemical processes into the dry deposition scheme, we suggest that more experimental evidence of high oVOC Vd values at additional sites is required to confirm the broader applicability of the high values studied here. The underlying processes leading to high measured oVOC Vd values require further investigation.
Determinants of Trade Openness in Transitional Economies: Does the Complementarity between Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Development Matter?

Purpose: The study explored the determinants of trade openness in transitional economies. The impact of the complementarity between foreign direct investment (FDI) and human capital development on trade openness in transitional economies was also a subject of investigation. Design/Approach/Methodology: The study used panel data analysis methods, namely the dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM), fixed effects, pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), random effects with panel data from 2000 to 2018. Findings: Human capital development, the interaction between FDI and human capital development, economic growth and mining sector growth were found to have a significant positive impact on trade openness in transitional economies. Practical Implication: Transitional economies are therefore urged to develop and implement policies earmarked at improving, FDI inflows, human capital development, economic growth, and mining sector growth if they intend not only to expand trade openness but to benefit from trade openness as well. Originality/Value: The impact of the complementarity between FDI and human capital development on trade openness has so far not yet been explored, to the author’s best knowledge.
Identity construction in social media: a study on blogging continuance

ABSTRACT Trusted online identities in social media are viable sources of information in the digital world. Among different types of social media, blog continues to play important roles in promoting social commerce and social interactions through the development and maintenance of trusted online identities. This study examines factors that influence bloggers’ intentions to continue blogging. From the social identity perspective, we suggest that identity confirmation, reflecting the congruence between identity expectation and perceived identity performance in blogging, is a primary driver of blogging continuance intention. Integrating the social identity theory, the expectation-confirmation theory, and the literature on habit, we develop a model to show that identity confirmation influences satisfaction with blogging and habit of blogging, and the latter two factors influence continuance intention. An empirical test of 165 Taiwanese bloggers confirmed the expectations. A post hoc analysis further shows that the effect of identity confirmation on blogging continuance intention is mediated by satisfaction and habit, highlighting the critical role of bloggers’ ex-post experience in the linkage between their ex-ante motivation of identity construction and blogging continuance intention.
A critical comparison of integral projection and matrix projection models for demographic analysis

Structured demographic models are among the most common and useful tools in population biology. However, the introduction of integral projection models (IPMs) has caused a profound shift in the way many demographic models are conceptualized. Some researchers have argued that IPMs, by explicitly representing demographic processes as continuous functions of state variables such as size, are more statistically efficient, biologically realistic, and accurate than classic matrix projection models, calling into question the usefulness of the many studies based on matrix models. Here, we evaluate how IPMs and matrix models differ, as well as the extent to which these differences matter for estimation of key model outputs, including population growth rates, sensitivity patterns, and life spans. First, we detail the steps in constructing and using each type of model. Second, we present a review of published demographic models, concentrating on size-based studies, which shows significant overlap in the way IPMs and matrix models are constructed and analyzed. Third, to assess the impact of various modeling decisions on demographic predictions, we ran a series of simulations based on size-based demographic data sets for five biologically diverse species. We found little evidence that discrete vital rate estimation is less accurate than continuous functions across a wide range of sample sizes or size classes (equivalently bin numbers or mesh points). Most model outputs quickly converged with modest class numbers (≥10), regardless of most other modeling decisions. Another surprising result was that the most commonly used method to discretize growth rates for IPM analyses can introduce substantial error into model outputs. Finally, we show that empirical sample sizes generally matter more than modeling approach for the accuracy of demographic outputs. Based on these results, we provide specific recommendations to those constructing and evaluating structured population models. Both our literature review and simulations question the treatment of IPMs as a clearly distinct modeling approach or one that is Manuscript received 21 October 2020; accepted 12 November 2020. Corresponding Editor: Bruce E. Kendall. 18 E-mail: daniel.doak@colorado.edu Article e01447; page 1 Ecological Monographs, 91(2), 2021, e01447 © 2021 by the Ecological Society of America
The Effect of Tempe Substitution and Addition of Carrot Puree on The Acceptability and Nutritional Value of Sausages for Snacks for School Children

Snacks for school children were generally only high in carbohydrates and fats, but low in protein, therefore it was necessary to study the juveniles of high-protein school children but the price was relatively cheap. This study aims to determine the effect of tempeh substitution and the addition of carrot puree to the acceptability and nutritional value of sausages for snacks for school children. Organoleptic test results were statistically analyzed using the Friedman non-parametric test and if there were significant differences then to find out the different pairs the Wilcoxon test was used with α = 0.05. Determination of the best formula was taken from the highest average value of the overall acceptance of carrot tempe sausage. Laboratory test data for nutrient content were analyzed with a single ANOVA and followed by Duncan test if the treatment affected certain parameters. Tempe substitution and the addition of carrot puree significantly influence on the taste and aroma of sausages, but did not significantly influence on the color and thickness of sausages. The best sausage product based on panelist acceptance was F1 formula. Tempeh substitution and addition of carrot puree significantly influence to the content of all nutritional parameters analyzed. The best sausage product based on nutrient content was F1 formula with protein content per 100 grams of sausage of 16.62 ± 0.45 grams and could meet the standard levels of protein in commercial sausages (minimum 13.00%) and was able to meet 33.24% of the protein requirements in the RDA children aged 10-12 years.