Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awareness, Attitude response of Parents to ward Emergency Management of Avulsed Permanent Tooth of Their Children in Egypt

Objective: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of awareness level and attitude responsefor a sample representing Egyptian parents towards emergency management of permanent toothavulsion for children via questionnaire methods.Materials and methods: A 400 parents who had a children aged between 6 to 12 years attendedat the Pediatric Dentistry clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Modern Sciences and Arts University, Cairo,Egypt. The questionnaires were distributed among this sample to evaluate the knowledge level andattitude response among those parents toward emergency management of avulsed permanent tooth.Results: The result in this study did reveal that 17.5% of the parents had previous informationabout the emergency management of the avulsed permanent tooth, and 42.8% believed in thepossibility of replantation of the avulsed permanent tooth, 19.2% of them could replant the toothby themselves. 38% of parents reported the necessity of immediate replantation, 37.4% did select asaline as suitable cleaning and 45% reported saline as the suitable transport media.Conclusion: Egyptian parents do lack the most knowledge needed for proper management ofavulsed permanent tooth, that is common in all levels regardless the difference in gender, educationlevel and geographic background.
The distribution of Pacific euphausiids

A study has been made of the distribution of 59 euphausiid species in the Pacific Ocean, based upon oceanic surveys carried out from 1949 to 1961 by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI), and Pacific Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (POFI). Quantitative aspects of the vertical and horizontal distributions are presented. The species belonging to the genera Bentheuphausia and Thysanopoda are typically deep-living. Bentheuphausia ambloyops, Thysanopoda cornuta, and T. egregia are widely ranging bathypelagic species, the adults of which inhabit depths greater than 1,500 meters. Of the ten genera, six (Thysanopoda, Euphausia, Thysanoessa, Nematoscelis, Nematobrachion, and Stylocheiron)contain some species that inhabit a mesopelagic zone between depths of about 500 and 1,500 meters and other species that are characteristically epipelagic, living mainly above 500–700 meters. The epipelagic species are designated in accord with the analogous water masses inhabited. The Pacific water masses are (1) subarctic, situated to the north of the North Pacific Drift, including only the northern part of the California Current (typical species: Thysanoessa longipes, Tessarabrachion oculatus); (2) transitionzone, including the cooler part of the California Current south of 40°–45° N. and a belt extending westward to Japan in the region of the North Pacific Drift (typical species: Thysanoessa gregaria, Nematoscelis difficilis); (3) central, occupying the oceanic gyrals of mid-latitudes 15°–40° in both hemispheres (typical species: Nematoscelis atlantica, Euphausia brevis); and (4) equatorial, occupying a broad tropical belt in the eastern Pacific and a narrower belt to the west (typical species: Euphausia diomediae, E. distinguenda). Equatorial species occupy equatorial water masses in the Pacific and Indian oceans. A zone occupied by the transition-zone species Thysanoessa gregaria and Nematoscelis megalops (corresponding to N. difficilis of the Northern Hemisphere) occurs near 35°–45° S. Subantarctic and antarctic species are found south of the Subantarctic Convergence. The composite range of a tropical western Pacific group of species (e.g., Euphausia pseudogibba, E. fallax, E. sibogae) extends eastward across the Pacific in a zone 10°–20° S. , while an eastern tropical group (e.g., Euphausia distinguenda, E. eximia) extends westward in a tongue having an axis near 10° N. Ekman’s zones of the Pacific littoral fauna each have a counterpart species in the coastal or boundary euphausiid fauna. Seasonal changes in euphausiid distribution are discussed with respect to five regions: (1) the Kuroshio and East China Sea, (2) the North Pacific Drift Current, (3) the California Current, (4) the Peru Current, and (5) the equatorial mid-Pacific.
Effects of aneuploidy on growth and cell cycle progression

In budding yeast, aneuploidy has a detrimental effect in cell growth and proliferation. The work presented here shows that most aneuploid yeast strains delay cell cycle entry by increasing the critical size for budding and by decreasing the rate of volume accumulation during the G 1 phase of the cell cycle. This increase in the critical size for budding is due to in a delay in CLN2 mRNA accumulation and can be suppressed by supplying cells with high levels of this cyclin. Deletion of the cell cycle entry inhibitor WHI5 only partially suppressed the GI delay of aneuploid cells. These two results combined point to the possibility that aneuploidy might be interfering through a parallel pathway with the activation of the transcription factors Swi4 and Swi6. The growth defect seen in aneuploid cells is not due to gross defects in the translational machinery or lack of nutrients. Instead, yeast cells respond to aneuploidy by altering the translational efficiency of a number of genes. The results presented here indicate that aneuploidy affects entry into the cell cycle in at least two ways. The condition elicits a growth defect during the G 1 phase of the cell cycle and increases the critical size for budding. Thesis Supervisor: Angelika Amon Title: Professor of Biology Dedicated to Alexander Rosenzweig and Crystal Suri, two of the most wonderful people that I have ever met. Y a mis padres, siempre.
Coral reef fishes : dynamics and diversity in a complex ecosystem

"Coral Reef Fishes" is the successor of "The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs". This new edition includes provocative reviews covering the major areas of reef fish ecology. Concerns about the future health of coral reefs, and recognition that reefs and their fishes are economically important components of the coastal oceans of many tropical nations, have led to enormous growth in research directed at reef fishes. "Coral Reef Fishes" is much more than a simple revision of the earlier volume; it is a companion that supports and extends the earlier work. The included syntheses provide readers with the current highlights in this exciting science. It offers an up-to-date review of key research areas in reef fish ecology, with a bibliography including hundreds of citations, most from the last decade. Authoritative, up-to-date, provocative chapters are written to suggest future research priorities. It includes discussions of regulation of fish populations, dispersal or site fidelity of larval reef fishes, sensory and motor capabilities of reef fish larvae, and complexities of management of reef species and communities.
Response in carcass yield, organ weights and the gut morphology to Vachellia tortilis inclusion in broilers.

The objective of the current study was to investigate the response in carcass yield and organ weights to Vachellia tortilis inclusion in broilers. Five-hundred unsexed cobb 500-day-old broiler chicks were fed on conventional starter mash for 14 days. The chicks were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments. These diets contained 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 g/kg DM inclusion levels of Vachellia tortilis leaf meal. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 10 birds per pen for 17 days before they were slaughtered. There was a linear decrease in both slaughter weight (SW) and dressed carcass weight (DCW) (P<0.05) as V. tortilis leaf meal increased. The SW and DCW decreased by 0.77 and 0.94 g for each g/kg increase in V. tortilis inclus ion. The scaled weights of the thighs (TW) and drumstick (DW) showed no relationship with levels of leaf meal. The weight of gizzard, intestines and stomach, however, increased linear ly (P<0.05) as levels of leaf meal increased. Relative gizzard, intestine and stomach weights increased by 0.0028, 0.0059 and 0.0008 g for each g/kg increase in Vachellia tortilis (P<0.05) inclusion. There was a linear increase in relative heart weight (P<0.05) and kidney weight (P<0.05) with increasing levels of V. tortilis leaf meal in the diet. The relative heart and kidney weight increased by 0.0009, 0.0006 g as V. tortilis increased (P<0.05). The relative weight of the liver was, however, not related to V. tortilis inclusion. It was concluded that carcass yield and organ weights responded differently to increase in Vachellia tortilis inclusion.
Glutamine as a Feed Supplement for Piglets: a Review / Glutamina jako dodatek do paszy dla prosiąt: przegląd

Abstract Weaning is a crucial moment in a piglet’s life. It is characterized by a generally low nutrient intake and adverse changes in the small intestinal mucosa. Proper feeding is therefore necessary to ensure normal development of the gastrointestinal tract. One substance that could provide intestinal epithelial cells with necessary energy is the amino acid glutamine. It improves epithelium structure and accelerates the growth of intestinal villi in which nutrients are absorbed, thus improving feed utilization and growth performance in piglets. The effect of glutamine on intestinal microflora also improves animal health. In addition to liver and kidneys, small intestine is the main site of glutamine metabolism, which leads to the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and of the important antioxidant glutathione. Glutamine is also a precursor for the synthesis of proline and arginine, the components of body proteins. Glutamine downregulates the expression of genes responsible for oxidative stress and immune activation, and increases the expression of genes that are necessary for cell growth and removal of oxidants. Due to these properties, glutamine is considered an essential amino acid in diets for weaned piglets. STRESZCZENIE Odsadzenie jest decydującym momentem w życiu prosiąt. Zmniejsza się wówczas spożycie paszy i zachodzą niekorzystne zmiany w nabłonku jelita cienkiego. W tym okresie niezbędne jest odpowiednie żywienie zapewniające prawidłowy rozwój przewodu pokarmowego. Jedną z substancji mogących dostarczyć komórkom nabłonka jelitowego niezbędnej energii jest aminokwas glutamina. Poprawia ona strukturę nabłonka stymulując wzrost kosmków będących miejscem absorpcji składników odżywczych, co poprawia wykorzystanie paszy i wskaźniki produkcyjne. Glutamina poprawia również zdrowotność prosiąt poprzez korzystne zmiany w mikroflorze jelitowej. Jelito cienkie jest, oprócz wątroby i nerek, głównym miejscem przemian metabolicznych glutaminy. Prowadzą one do syntezy nukleotydów purynowych i pirymidynowych, a także ważnego przeciwutleniacza - glutationu. Glutamina jest także prekursorem dla syntezy proliny i argininy wchodzących w skład białek organizmu. Wpływa na obniżenie ekspresji m.in. genów odpowiedzialnych za stres oksydacyjny, a zwiększa ekspresję genów niezbędnych do wzrostu komórek. Dzięki tym właściwościom glutaminę można uznać za aminokwas niezbędny w żywieniu odsadzonych prosiąt.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF NESTLING BARN OWLS, Tyto Alba javanica IN RAT BAITING AREA IN MALAYSIA

The growth of nestling barn owls, Tyto Alba javanica in immature oil palm in Malaysia was investigated under rat baiting with three different rodenticides. Four treatment plots were established with three plots baited each with warfarin, brodifacoum and a protozoan based biorodenticide, Sarcocystis singaporensis plus a fourth non-baited control plot. Three rat baiting campaign were carried out during the study, the first rat baiting campaign was conducted in October 2008, the second was in March 2009 (except for biorodenticide baiting was conducted a month earlier), and the last third baiting campaign in October 2009. The baiting campaigns coincided with the breeding season of barn owl. Nestlings body measurements namely: body mass, culmen length, tarsus length, wing length and tail length were taken after the third baiting campaign, from September 2009 to January 2010. Measurements were recorded every three days from hatching up until 49 days old, i.e., several days before fledging. Nestlings in control plot showed superior for all parameter taken compared to rodenticides treated plots. Body mass of nestlings in control plot were heavier by 8.17%, 13.04%, and 6.88% compared to warfarin, brodifacoum and biorodenticide treated plots respectively. The culmen and tarsus length of nestling barn owls reached the adult size during the growth period; while culmen length in control plot was longer by 3.07%, 5.28%, and 1.41% compared to warfarin, brodifacoum and biorodenticide treated plots respectively. The tarsus length of nestlings in control plot was also longer by 2.40%, 3.08% and 3.36% compared to warfarin, brodifacoum and biorodenticide treated plots respectively. In contrast with culmen and tarsus length, wing and tail length still grew until day 49 i.e., several days before fledging. The wing and tail length in control plot was shorter by 15.77% and 13.73% compared to adult size. Teratogenic sign was shown by one nestling in brodifacoum treated plot, where its primary feathers were malformed rendering it flightless besides tail length that were very short if compared to nestlings in control plot. Wing and tail length in brodifacoum treated plot was shorter by 15.26% and 18.24%, respectively compared to control plot.
Fish assemblages in coral communities at Chao Lao Beach, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand

Fish assemblages at 3 different coral commu­ nities at Chao Lao Beach, Chanthaburi province, Thailand were investigated using fish visual census and line inter­ cept transect techniques. Three different coral communities were surveyed; included Ai Lao Nai reef, Ai Lao Klang reef and Ai Lao Nok reef, which were located from the nearshore to outward respectively. At Ai Loa Nai reef, 53% of the area was covered by live massive coral form and 10% was sand, while at Ai Lao Klang reef, 35% was live massive and submassive corals and 25% was sand. For Ai Lao Nok reef, 57% was live corals, which were tabulate and branching forms. The results showed that the dominant fish families were Pomacentridae and Labridae. Ai Lao Nok reef had higher fish diversity and abundance compared to other areas because this area had more habitat complexity. In addition, there was a correlation between fish species and coral forms. Small size fish tended to be found on branching and foliose coral forms. Thus, coral structures can influence the diversity and density of reef fish species.
Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Minat Ibu Rumah Tangga Berwirausaha Secara Online

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi terhadap minat ibu rumah tangga dalam berwirausaha secara online, pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap minat ibu rumah tangga dalam berwirausaha secara online. Sampel yang digunakan 120 orang responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik judgemental sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa motivasi berpengaruh terhadap minat Ibu Rumah Tangga berwirausaha secara online, dan Lingkungan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap Minat Ibu Rumah Tangga berwirausaha secara Online.
Peeking Into the On-Demand Economy: Crowd Behavior and Incentive Design

An increasing number of digital and mobile technologies have emerged today to match customers, in almost real time, with a potentially global pool of self-employed labor, leading to the rise of the on-demand economy, which has brought about dramatic changes in our society. It creates new business models and new dynamics of labor allocation. It enables new models of computation, that is, human-in-the-loop computing. And it leads to new forms of knowledge creation—people all over the world are contributing to scientific studies in dozens of fields, either by making scientific observations as amateur scientists or by participating in online experiments as subjects. Despite its already significant impact, the on-demand economy has still been considered as a black-box approach to soliciting labor from a crowd of on-demand workers. Little is known about how the on-demand economy works and how it can work better. In this dissertation, using one of the leading on-demand crowdsourcing platforms—Amazon Mechanical Turk—as an example, I present my findings in opening up the black box of on-demand economy. I investigate two lines of problems in this dissertation: first, I focus on understanding who the crowd of on-demand workers are and how they behave in on-demand work; second, I explore how effective incentives can be designed for on-demand work. Through a set of experimental studies, I provide a more precise picture of the on-demand workers, showing that they display significant temporal variations, value social interactions, and desire more flexibility and autonomy. Furthermore, based on a combination of experimental, computational and design methods, I also show the effectiveness of extrinsic financial incentives
Monogamy : Mating Strategies and Partnerships in Birds, Humans and Other Mammals

Introduction: 1. Monogamy: past and present Ulrich H. Reichard Part I. Evolution of Social Monogamy: 2. The evolution of monogamy: mating relationships, parental care and sexual selection Anders Pape Moller 3. Mate guarding and the evolution of social monogamy in mammals Peter N. M. Brotherton and Petr E. Komers 4. The evolution of social monogamy in primates Carel P. van Schaik and Peter M. Kappeler 5. The evolution of social and reproductive monogamy in Peromyscus David O. Ribble Part II. Reproductive Strategies of Socially Monogamous Males and Females: 6. Social functions of copulation in the socially monogamous razorbill (Alca torda) Richard H. Wagner 7. Social and reproductive monogamy in rodents: the case of the Malagasy Giant Jumping Rat (Hypogeomys antimena) Simone Sommer 8. Social polyandry and promiscuous mating in a primate-like carnivore, the kinkajou (Potos flavus) Roland Kays 9. Monogamy correlates, socioecological factors and mating systems in beavers Lixing Sun 10. Social monogamy and social polygyny in a solitary ungulate, the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) Ryosuke Kishimoto Part III. Reproductive Strategies of Human and Non-human Primates: 11. Ecological and social complexities in human monogamy Bobbi S. Low 12. Social monogamy in a human society: marriage and reproductive success among the Dogon Beverly I. Strassmann 13. Social monogamy in gibbons: the male perspective Ulrich H. Riechard 14. Pair living and mating strategies in the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) Joanna Fietz 15. Social monogamy and its variations in callitrichids: do these relate to the costs of infant care? Anne W. Goldizen 16. Monogamy in New World primates: what can patterns of olfactory communication tell us? Eckhard W. Heymann.
Spatial mode multiplexing: from fundamental concepts to applications.

This thesis is dedicated to spatial mode multiplexing, from its fundamental concepts to its applications. The work is associated with the multi-plane light converter (MPLC) technology developed by CAILabs. This study is divided into two main parts. First, we investigate the use of independent spatial mode shaping to measure or modify spatial parameters of the electromagnetic field. We make the theoretical demonstration that the best sensitivity for the measurement of small displacements of a beam – or of the distance between two incoherent beams – is reached when an intensity measurement is made on the Hermite-Gaussian mode basis. By building the adequate MPLC system, we make the experimental validation of this result. We also make the demonstration that a MPLC system can be designed and used to transfer the control of one spatial parameter of a beam onto another. We built an experimental setup which allows to control the position of the focal point of a beam using transverse displacement and tilt. The second project we conducted was a theoretical and numerical study of the statistical transport properties of the MPLC using tools from random matrix theory. We aim at identifying the underlying physical processes which make up for the efficiency of this transformation technique.
Manual of Tropical Bryology

It is still a fact that most bryologists per area are found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, who have spent up to 200 years (as in Europe) in the exploration of their bryofloras with the result that these countries have not only floras for identification of the comparably low number of species but some countries have already detailed grid maps of the distribution of all species. On the other hand, there are vast regions in the tropics which are very insufficiently explored. So far, the knowledge of bryophytes in these regions was predominantly provided by scientists from North America, Europe or Japan. Still much work is done by scientists and - during the past decades also increasingly - even by advanced amateurs from these countries. Regretably, these activities are often misunderstood by local biologists in the tropics and especially by the authorities of these states as scientific exploitation, and recently collecting of material for genetic studies as plundering of genetic ressources, which is nonsense but makes research difficult or even impossible in such countries. In this regard, the question raises why there are so few bryologists in tropical countries and even no bryologists in many countries? Usually, the lack of ressources such as laboratories, money, libraries, herbaria etc. is presented as arguments, which does not match the point, since many bryologists in industrial countries suffer from similar restrictions and sometimes have worth working consitions than colleagues in tropical countries, but make nevertheless valuable contributions to tropical bryology. Even amateurs have contributed a lot to tropical bryology in the past. The fewest bryologists work in such famous places as Missouri or New York Botanical Garden. Many of them are from eastern, former communistic countries and never gave up to promote tropical bryology under these conditions. In my opinion, the most crucial point is that students in tropical countries get not in contact with bryophytes, and mainly because of the lack of literature. Nobody can expect that students pick up a subject for their thesis if there is no literature available. This manual is therefore devoted to these students. Possibilities to gain a bryological training in industrial countries and paid by these countries were used only by few students, although available. And if these students do not come to us, we have to go to them (which is even cheaper). This is the reason for the increased number of courses on tropical bryology in the past.
Survival in forest plantations in the northern Rocky Mountain Region

Although forest planting has been carried on for more than a quarter of a century in the Northern Rocky Mountain Region, the ultimate in planting practice has not yet been attained. Information on several phases of planting work has been obtained by studying all available plantation records. Results of the study are presented together with a brief description of the planting practice used in the region and a discussion of factors affecting mortality with reference to methods of increasing survival. Water requirement studies for Rocky Mountain conifers under laboratory conditions have been in progress for many years in Colorado. This paper presents the last of a series of studies and deals with water use of seedlings grown in containers with ample water. The results permit ranking coniferous species in order of the amount and efficiency of water under the conditions of the experiment.