Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in parental self-efficacy between 1999 and 2014

ABSTRACT Parenting and parent–child relationships in Western countries have undergone notable changes over recent decades. Parents today generally spend more time with their children and use less harsh discipline compared to parents over 50 years ago. Less is known about trends in parental beliefs over this time period. In this study, we examined differences in parental self-efficacy (PSE) between parents of young adolescents from two samples, one collected in 1999/2000 and one in 2014. We focused specifically on PSE concerning children’s school adjustment and other behaviors outside the home. Results showed that although the meaning of PSE was the same at both time points (i.e., the latent PSE factor showed equivalence across the samples), parents in the 2014 sample reported significantly lower levels of PSE than did parents in the 1999/2000 sample. This difference contrasts with trends concerning parenting practices and is discussed in relation to societal changes over this time period, such as changes in expectations and societal pressure on parents, and in technology, including social media. This study adds to research on trends in parenting, suggesting that parents in Western countries feel less efficacious in promoting certain positive behaviors among young adolescents compared to parents 15 years ago.
Participation of Individuals with Disabilities in Political Activities: Voices from Jordan

This qualitative study examines the participation of individuals with disabilities in political activities in Jordan: a topic on which there is little existing literature despite its capacity to promote successful social integration. Data for this study was gathered by conducting sixteen semi-structured interviews with individuals with disabilities and was then examined collectively using thematic analysis, in the context of related literature and medical and social models of disability. The resulting findings revealed that the most prevalent obstacles that people with disabilities encountered regarding participating in political activities were poor communication, their own negative attitudes towards politics and politicians, and inaccessible physical environments.
Investigation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in red and yellow onions and a synergistic utilization of skin extract in modified atmosphere packaging of salmon (Salmo salar)

This study investigated potentially synergetic effects of red onion skin extract and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on lipid oxidation of salmon. The skin and flesh of red and yellow onions were extracted with water at 25°C, 45°C, 65°C and 90°C, ethanol and acetone in water solutions. Total anthocyanin and polyphenol levels and antioxidant capacity were determined after extraction. Minced salmon samples were mixed with red onion skin extract (ROSE) and packaged under MAP at different O2 concentrations (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of total package gas composition) with 40% CO2 and balance N2. Polyphenol recovery and antioxidant capacity increased for each sample as the extraction temperature increased with hot water use. Water extraction at 90°C provided higher extraction yields than ethanol and acetone in water solutions. The ROSE treatment of fish with MAP reduced lipid oxidation rates as evidenced by a decrease in peroxide value (43%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (30%). The ROSE might effectively suppress the free radicals in a MAP system. A skin extract and MAP application might increase the shelf life of salmon.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift

Without a doubt, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on global tourism for at least two reasons: (1) imposed systematic travel restrictions that discourage people from traveling even though they would like to; and (2) increased travel anxiety due to the perceived risk of the COVID-19 virus, causing people to change their typical travel behavior. This study aims to explore the role of Covid-19 in shaping future travel behavior. More specifically, following the general model of vacation behavior and the role of risk in travel behavior, we investigate how COVID-19 influences travelers’ perceptions of risk and how this affects planned vacation behavior. The results show that COVID-19 risk perception per se influences typical forms of vacation behavior, but this risk also leads to the development of travel anxiety, which additionally influences only some forms of vacation behavior. Empirical findings show that general anxiety, which is not associated with Covid-19 risk perception, also predicts some forms of planned changes in vacation behaviour. The study concludes with recommendations on how to reduce traveler uncertainty in order to recover international leisure travel.
Peningkatan Kapasitas dan Kemampuan Bisnis Online: Studi Kasus Makeupuccino

Makeupuccino merupakan salah satu bisnis online makeup yang saat ini berkembang pesat. Bisnis online seharusnya mampu meraih laba optimal dengan perkembangan teknologi, terlebih pada masa pandemi justru kurang optimal dirasakan. Hal ini yang menjadi evaluasi terhadap kemampuan dan kapasitas SDM yang ada. Kemampuan dan kapasitas yang dimaksud adalah pemanfaatan media sosial yang kurang optimal, kurang terkoordinasinya promosi dan ketersediaan barang, serta konsep dan perencanaan marketing masih terbatas. Berdasarkan analisis media sosial, seperti instagram insight, keyhole, dan sosial blade menunjukkan bahwa tingkat engagement dan follower Makeupuccino belum teroptimalkan dengan baik. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perencanaan dan pengembangan SDM dalam pengelolaan content atau materi, serta pendampingan SDM dalam pengelolaannya. Peningkatan dan pengelolaan dilakukan pada SDM agar media sosial yang dikelola Makeupuccino menjadi lebih terarah dan terkoordinasi. Hal ini dilakukan pada media sosial, baik Instagram dan youtube channel Makeupuccino. peningkatan hasil kegiatan pengabdian berpengaruh pada perbaikan kualitas SDM dan jumlah followers, like, subscribe, comment, serta engagement pada media sosial yang dikelola Makeupuccino.
One-pot synthesis of chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposite as an eco-friendly bioadsorbent for water remediation of methylene blue

Chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposite was synthesised via a one-pot method, then its functional groups and morphological structure were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunner, Emmett, and Teller analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The synthesised nanoparticles had an average particle size of 50 nm with a surface area, total pore volume and mean pore diameter of the nanocomposites calculated at 0.46 m2/g, 0.11 cm3/g and 53.209 nm, respectively. After characterisations, the nanoparticles were applied as the bioadsorbent for aqueous solutions, which were polluted with methylene blue as a model of cationic dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 5.12 mg/g. The study parameters influencing the adsorption processes show that 0.2 g of chitosan/iron oxide nanocomposite removed 80% of the pollution (initial concentration 10 mg/l) from 50 ml of water with a pH > 4 after 60 min at 25°C, while unmodified chitosan removed only 20%. The nanoparticles were able to remove over 50% of the dye after five reused cycles. The application of different salts revealed that sodium chloride had a greater restraint effect than sodium sulphate on the adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir model successfully exhibited the adsorption kinetic and isotherm.
The effects of lower-limb wearable resistance on sprint performance in high school American football athletes: A nine-week training study

Time constraints often result in the challenge to fit desired programming into training time allotments. Wearable resistance (WR) may be an option to optimise the training content in function of constrained training time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a lower-limb WR sprint running training intervention on athlete speed capabilities following a nine-week off-season, low volume training period within a sample of American football high school athletes. Nineteen athletes completed pre- and post-intervention testing of two maximal effort 30 m sprints. Horizontal force-velocity mechanical profiling variables, sprint times, and maximal velocity were calculated from sprint running velocity data collected by a radar device. The athletes completed seventeen dedicated sprint training sessions during the off-season. The intervention (WR) group completed the sessions with 1% body mass load attached to the shanks (i.e. 0.50% body mass load on each limb). The control group completed the same training sessions unloaded. Post-intervention, no statistically significant between group differences were observed (p > 0.05). However, athletes in both groups experienced increases in velocity measures following the sprint training. The greater adjusted mean theoretical maximal velocity scores (p > 0.05; ES = 0.30) found for the WR group compared to the control group at post-intervention may suggest that WR amplifies the nuances of the training protocol itself. Coaches can consider using lower-limb WR training to increase in-session workloads during periods of low volume training but more research is needed to better understand to what extent WR training might provide an added value to optimise both the training content and planning, as well as the athlete’s training response in order to improve sprint running performance.
δ13C and δ15N in yellow and silver eels (Anguilla anguilla, 1758) from different Mediterranean local stocks and their variation with body size and growth

The European eel, a catadromous endangered species, displays plasticity in phenotypic traits and in trophic behaviour, features that can eventually affect growth. The aim of this study was to compare variation in carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes in muscle tissue of the adult eel life stages (i.e. yellow and silver eel), as function of growth. Eel samples were obtained from nine sites across the Mediterranean region, that included seven coastal lagoons of different size and ecological structure, and two freshwater habitats corresponding to one river and one lake. A large variability was found in both δ13C and δ15N values, suggesting that eels fed over a broad range of potential food sources. Eels from each location showed specific range values of δ13C, in most sites irrespective of stage, reflecting lagoon- or freshwater-specific carbon sources. A positive correlation was found between individual δ15N values and annual growth rates, suggesting that eels generally seem to feed on prey of higher δ15N values among the trophic resources available in each foraging habitat. This allows individuals to grow faster and to attain earlier the pre-spawning phase (i.e. the silver stage). A better understanding of eel trophic ecology across different life stages and different habitats is one of the prerequisites for the effective management of local stocks.
Crossed modules bifibred over k-Algebras

In this paper we examine on a pair of adjoint functors (φ , φ∗)for a subcategory of the category of crossed modules over commutative algebras where φ∗: XMod/P → XMod/ Q, induced, and φ: XMod/Q → XMod/P, pullback (co-induced), which enables us to move from crossed Q-modules to crossed P-modules by an algebra morphism φ : P → Q. We show that this adjoint functor pair (φ, φ∗) makes p ∶ XMod → k-Alg into a bifibred category over k-Alg, the category of commutative algebras, where p is given by p(C, R, ∂) = R. Also, we give some examples and results on induced crossed modules in the case when φ is an epimorphism or the inclusion of an ideal. Article info History: Received:27.04. 2020 Accepted:13.01. 2021
Evaluation of Ammonia Recovery from a Laboratory Static Diffusion Chamber System

ABSTRACT Ammoniacal fertilizers are susceptible to ammonia (NH3) volatilization, and multiple methods have been introduced to quantify loss. Methods to quantify differences in NH3 loss are important for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments. Recent research hypothesized that opening chamber enclosures resulted in nitrogen (N) loss (16–30%). Thus, the recovery efficiency of static diffusion chambers used in laboratory experiments was investigated. Chambers with a sand–calcium carbonate (CaCO3) mixture received ammonium-N (NH4-N) solutions. Three time intervals were used to determine if variation in enclosure opening influenced recovery. Acid trap percent recovery and a mass balance approach were used. No differences in cumulative NH3 volatilization were measured from either acid traps or using a mass balance approach. No differences were measured in percent recovery based on N application rate, sample interval, or their interaction, and mean percent N recovery was 99.0%. Thus, diffusion chambers can be reliably used to measure differences in NH3 volatilization.
Effects of dispersal strategy and migration history on genetic diversity and population structure of Antarctic lichens

The homogenisation of historically isolated gene pools has been recognised as one of the most serious conservation problems in the Antarctic. Lichens are the dominant components of terrestrial biotas in the Antarctic and in high mountain ranges of southern South America. We study the effects of dispersal strategy and migration history on their genetic structure to better understand the importance of these processes and their interplay in shaping population structure as well as their relevance for conservation.
Detection of Stage‐Discharge Rating Shifts Using Gaugings: A Recursive Segmentation Procedure Accounting for Observational and Model Uncertainties

The stage‐discharge rating curve is subject at many hydrometric stations to sudden changes (shifts) typically caused by morphogenic floods. We propose an original method for estimating shift times using the stage‐discharge observations, also known as gaugings. This method is based on a recursive segmentation procedure that accounts for both gaugings and rating curve uncertainties through a Bayesian framework. It starts with the estimation of a baseline rating curve using all available gaugings. Then it computes the residuals between the gaugings and this rating curve with uncertainties. It proceeds with the segmentation of the time series of residuals through a multi‐change point Bayesian estimation accounting for residuals uncertainties. Once the first set of shift times is identified, the same procedure is recursively applied to each sub‐period through a “top‐down” approach searching for all effective shifts. The proposed method is illustrated using the Ardèche River at Meyras in France (a typical hydrometric site subject to river bed degradation) and evaluated using several synthetic data sets for which the true shift times are known. The applications confirm the added value of the recursive segmentation compared with a “single‐pass” approach and highlight the importance of properly accounting for uncertainties in the segmented data. The recursive procedure effectively disentangles rating changes from observational and rating curve uncertainties.
Gambaran Self-Injury Mahasiswa

Mahasiswa keperawatan mempunyai tingkat stres lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa kesehatan lainnya, sehingga mahasiswa keperawatan berisiko melakukan self-injury. Dari 16 mahasiswa S1 salah satu fakultas universitas di wilayah Bandung sebanyak 25% pernah melakukan dan 6,3% pernah berpikir melakukan self-injury . Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui gambaran self-injury pada mahasiswa salah satu fakultas universitas di wilayah Bandung. Metode deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan sebagai desain penelitian dan total sampel 886 mahasiswa program Sarjana salah satu fakultas universitas di wilayah Bandung (dari tahun pertama sampai tahun keempat) dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM). Nilai validitas dan reliabilitas yaitu 0,62-0,85. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan metode statistik deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan 32,1% mahasiswa melakukan self-injury . Tindakan yang paling banyak dilakukan yaitu memukul diri sendiri (9,7%) pada self-injury minor dan mengikis kulit (2%) pada self-injury sedang/berat, dilakukan 2-5 kali dalam setahun. Alasan yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu kelompok penguatan sosial pada self-injury minor, dan kelompok penguatan otomatis pada self-injury sedang/berat. Kesimpulannya sepertiga dari seluruh mahasiswa salah satu fakultas universitas di wilayah Bandung melakukan self-injury dalam setahun terakhir dengan tindakan yang paling umum dilakukan adalah self-injury minor.
Modelling growth curve of Eastern spot-billed ducks
(Anas zonorhyncha) raised in Vietnam

According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) statistics, the population of ducks in the world was esteemed as 1.17 mln and it was produced approximately 3 235 471 t of duck meat in 2019 (FAOSTAT, 2021). Vietnam produced approximately 82 277 t of duck meat in 2019 and was the third-largest duck producer in the world (FAOSTAT, 2021). In Vietnam, ducks play an important role as a food source (meat and eggs), especially in the Red River and Mekong Deltas. Duck meat in comparison to pork, beef and chicken meat is usually cheaper and therefore it is affordable for farmers in the rural area. The duck and its meat are also important for Vietnamese culture. Importantly, duck raising is often connected with fish farming, which could provide sustainable development for small farmers (Minh et al., 2006). Recently, we have also indicated a high level of genetic diversity in domestic duck populations in Vietnam (Pham et al., 2021). ABSTRACT. The Eastern spot-billed ducks (Anas zonorhyncha) are raised as backyard duck in Vietnam. Improvement of the growth performance of this breed is important for duck production in rural areas in Vietnam. Little is known about the performance and growth curves of this breed. In this study, six growth models (Gompertz, Brody, Logistic, Richards, Bridges and Janoschek) were used for a modelling growth curve. The body weight of 92 ducks was recorded weekly from the 1st to the 14th week of age. The minpack.lm package in R software was used for fitting the models, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used for model comparison. Based on their criteria, the Gompertz and Brody models were the best and the worst ones, respectively, regardless of sexes. Estimated asymmetric weights (α) ranged from 1179 ± 9.24 g (Logistic model) to 1397 ± 26.3 g (Brody model) for males and from 1048 ± 6.92 g (Logistic model) and 1222 ± 19.28 g (Brody model) for females, respectively. Age at inflection point was estimated from 3.58 to 4.58 weeks for males and from 3.48 to 4.46 weeks for females, respectively. The growth patterns were different between males and females. So, the possibility of using the Gompertz growth model for modelling the growth of Eastern spot-billed ducks was shown. Obtained information on the growth characteristics of Eastern spot-billed ducks might be used for management strategies and further genetic or genomic research. Received: 21 January 2021 Revised: 2 March 2021 Accepted: 4 March 2021
A three-dimensional-model inversion of methyl chloroform to constrain the atmospheric oxidative capacity

Abstract. Variations in the atmospheric oxidative capacity, largely determined by variations in the hydroxyl radical (OH), form a key uncertainty in many greenhouse and other pollutant budgets, such as that of methane (CH 4 ). Methyl chloroform (MCF) is an often-adopted tracer to indirectly put observational constraints on large-scale variations in OH. We investigated the budget of MCF in a 4DVAR inversion using the atmospheric transport model TM5, for the period 1998–2018, with the objective to derive information on large-scale, interannual variations in atmospheric OH concentrations. While our main inversion did not fully converge, we did derive interannual variations in the global oxidation of MCF that bring simulated mole fractions of MCF within 1 %–2 % of the assimilated observations from the NOAA-GMD surface network at most sites. Additionally, the posterior simulations better reproduce aircraft observations used for independent validation compared to the prior simulations. The derived OH variations showed robustness with respect to the prior MCF emissions and the prior OH distribution over the 1998 to 2008 period. Although we find a rapid 8 % increase in global mean OH concentrations between 2010 and 2012 that quickly declines afterwards, the derived interannual variations were typically small ( 3 %/yr), with no significant long-term trend in global mean OH concentrations. The inverse system found strong adjustments to the latitudinal distribution of OH, relative to widely used prior distributions, with systematic increases in tropical and decreases in extra-tropical OH concentrations (both up to 30 %). These spatial adjustments were driven by intrahemispheric biases in simulated MCF mole fractions, which have not been identified in previous studies. Given the large amplitude of these adjustments, which exceeds spread between literature estimates, and a residual bias in the MCF intrahemispheric gradients, we suggest a reversal in the extratropical ocean sink of MCF in response to declining atmospheric MCF abundance (as hypothesized in Wennberg et al. , 2004 ). This ocean source provides a more realistic explanation for the biases, possibly complementary to adjustments in the OH distribution. We identified significant added value in the use of a 3D transport model, since it implicitly accounts for variable transport and optimizes the observed spatial gradients of MCF, which is not possible in simpler models. However, we also found a trade-off in computational expense and convergence problems. Despite these convergence problems, the derived OH variations do result in an improved match with MCF observations relative to an interannually repeating prior for OH. Therefore, we consider that variations in OH derived from MCF inversions with 3D models can add value to budget studies of long-lived gases like CH 4 .
Bayley’s six critical elements of democratic policing: evaluating donor-assisted reform in Armenia, Georgia, and Ukraine

ABSTRACT David Bayley’s pioneering book “Changing the Guard: Developing Democratic Police Abroad” provided scholars and practitioners across the globe with strategies found most effective in supporting police reform in developing countries. This article re-examines Bayley’s six critical elements of developing democratic policing through the lens of the reform processes in Georgia, Ukraine, and Armenia. This cross-case comparison demonstrated that contemporary reform programmes are largely supportive of the six key strategies proposed in Changing the Guard. Specifically, Bayley’s recommendations on finding the right officers and focusing on fair procedures as perceived by citizens were predictive of the success and failure of reform in Georgia, Ukraine, and Armenia. Moreover, Georgian and Ukrainian reform over the last decade appear to have reached the limits to their narrow approach towards democratic policing by not prioritising Bayley’s calls for independent police oversight or leadership training for management.