Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical evaluation of the heat transfer performance of water-cooled system for electric vehicle drive motor based on the field synergy principle

Thermal management of drive motors is a challenging design for transport electrification industries such as electric vehicles (EVs). Due to the high heat transfer performance, water-cooled system have become one of the technologies to meet the needs of these industries. Meeting the synergy between the heat transfer performance of the water-cooled system and the heat generated by the motor is key to taking advantage of the performance of drive motors. This study numerically evaluates and experimentally investigates the heat transfer performance of the EV drive motor water-cooled system based on field synergy principle (FSP), discussing the synergy between the temperature gradient field and velocity field of the water-cooled system under different cooling conditions, and the calculated results are consistent with the test results. By observing the interaction between the fluid vortexes and the main flow, the distribution pattern of the synergy angle in the cooling channels was determined. The results show that when the heat transfer capacity of the water-cooled system reaches its peak, the increase in Reynolds number(Re)instead leads to the increase in the average synergy angle of the whole field (ASAWF), which ultimately causes a deterioration of synergy between the velocity and temperature gradient fields.
Quality of Commercially Available Manuka Honey Expressed by Pollen Composition, Diastase Activity, and Hydroxymethylfurfural Content

Manuka honey plays a significant role in modern medical applications as an antibacterial, antiviral, and antibiotic agent. However, although the importance of manuka honey is well documented in the literature, information regarding its physicochemical characteristics remains limited. Moreover, so far, only a few papers address this issue in conjunction with the examination of the pollen composition of manuka honey samples. Therefore, in this study, two parameters crucial for honey quality control—the diastase number (DN) and the hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content—as well as the melissopalynological analysis of manuka honey, were examined. The research found a large variation in the percentage of Leptospermum scoparium pollen in honeys labeled and sold as manuka honeys. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these honeys was characterized by a low DN. However, since low diastase activity was not associated with low HMF content, manuka honey should not be considered as a honey with naturally low enzymatic activity. Overall, the DN and HMF content results indicate that the quality of commercially available manuka honey is questionable.
Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way: The open cluster distance scale

Abstract We present the Milky Way Star Clusters (MWSC) survey based on 470 million stars extracted from the all-sky catalogues PPMXL and 2mass. The target list comprises 3784 entries and includes all open and globular clusters, as well as all cluster candidates, known at present. By means of a combined photometric/astrometric pipeline process, we determine individual membership probabilities for cluster stars and provide fundamental cluster parameters such as cluster centre coordinates, mean proper motions, radial velocity, distance, reddening, age and tidal radius. This sample includes ~ 700 clusters with fundamental parameters based on optical data and offers a good opportunity for a comparison of the near-infrared (NIR) and optical cluster distance scales. We find that distances and reddening values obtained from the colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in the NIR agree well with earlier distance estimates based on optical CMDs. These newly obtained homogeneous distances, together with the other cluster parameters, allow us to study the properties of the open cluster population in the Galactic disk.
Revealing the Impact of Micro-SiO2 Filer Content on the Anti-Corrosion Performance of Water-Borne Epoxy Resin

Due to green development in recent years, water-borne epoxy resins (WBE) have become increasingly popular since they generate the lowest level of volatile organic compounds (VOC) during curing. However, because of the large surface tension of water, it is easy to produce voids and cracks during the curing process of the coating. An electrochemical strategy was used in this study to assess the impact of different SiO2 content on the corrosion performance of a WBE coating, in which micron spherical SiO2 particles were synthesized in a liquid phase reduction. The results showed that the synthesized micron spherical SiO2 particles were about 800 ± 50 nm in diameter and in an amorphous state. By hydrophilizing the surfaces of these SiO2 particles, uniform dispersion in an aqueous solvent and a WBE can be achieved. It is important to note that adding a small or excessive amount of SiO2 to a coating will not improve corrosion resistance and may even reduce corrosion resistance. With the appropriate modification of SiO2, corrosion resistance of composite coatings is greatly enhanced, as is the adhesion between the coatings and the metallic substrates. Because the appropriately modified SiO2 can effectively fill the pores that are formed during the curing process, a corrosive medium is less likely to react with the matrix when the medium comes into contact with the matrix. Based on their incorporation content of 3 wt. %, their corrosion resistance is the best after 16 cycles of AC-DC-AC accelerated corrosion tests.
A 3D Transmurally Heterogeneous Computational Model of the Brugada Syndrome Phenotype

In this work, we present a computational study of the Brugada Syndrome (BrS) phenotype aimed at investigating the main factors contributing to the development of arrhythmias. We developed a model that incorporated a BrS substrate within a region resembling the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in a three-dimensional anisotropic ventricular cardiac tissue with transmural heterogeneity. Consistent with our previous two-dimensional study, our results confirmed the requirement of both electrophysiological alterations and structural abnormalities to trigger arrhythmic events. In particular, we found that the combination of electrophysiological alterations and structural abnormalities caused percolation in the tissue, eventually leading to sustained reentry. Moreover, our model is able to replicate the majority of epicardial electrogram features observed in the arrhythmic substrate of Brugada patients, furthermore, the behavior of our model agrees with clinical findings on BrS patients. We identified the density and size of structural abnormalities, the degree of myocyte electrophysiological alteration, and the size of the arrhythmic substrate as risk factors for the genesis of arrhythmias. These findings could be used in a model-based approach to develop processing techniques that highlight arrhythmogenic features in BrS patients’ recorded electrograms, improving risk stratification in patients.
Linearised Navier-Stokes equations and near-wall streaks in turbulent flow subject to drag reduction by wall oscillations

Spanwise wall-oscillation is a promising drag reduction technique in turbulent flows. A major factor in drag reduction is the effect of the oscillations on the boundary layer coherent structures, and particularly the weakening of the near-wall streaks. This thesis studies the streaks in various wall oscillations configurations, based on a linear approach to the turbulent flow. The two main aspects are the study of the structures themselves, and an attempt to predict drag. The streak structure is studied mainly in turbulent channel flow subject to harmonic wall forcing, using an optimal perturbation technique. It is shown that the streaks have an angle to the main flow direction, which is almost constant during half an oscillation period and experiences a jump in sign and magnitude twice per period. The linear theory shows that this phenomenon is due to the existence of a structure which is dominant during half a period and has a constant angle. Other features of the linear optimal perturbations are studied, such as their comparison with conditionally averaged turbulent structures. In order to predict drag, the optimal perturbation approach is found to be unsuitable. A more appropriate technique is to use the linearised Navier-Stokes equation subject to random forcing. This was done for a turbulent channel flow subject to travelling wave wall oscillations, thus offering a wide range of comparison with direct numerical simulations, including known regions of drag reduction and drag increase. The main finding is that in the area where drag increase is observed in turbulent flow, the linear operator is unstable. In area where the operator is stable, drag reduction is always predicted. These two topics are the core of this thesis. Other aspects include the derivation and implementation of an optimal perturbation algorithm and a linear solver. Certain theoretical aspects of the optimal perturbation approach were also investigated.
Understanding the formation and evolution of disc break features in galaxies

The discs in galaxies are radially extended, rotationally supported, flattened systems. In the cosmological Lambda Cold Dark Matter model the formation of the discs is intimately connected with galaxy formation. Generally it is assumed that the discs have exponentially decreasing stellar surface brightness profiles, but completely satisfactory theoretical explanation for this has not been presented. Large number of studies in the past decade have challenged this view, and have found a change in the slope of the surface brightness profile in the outer regions of many galaxies discs: the surface brightness can decrease more, or less, steeply than in the inner regions. The transition between the two slopes is often called a disc break. Consequently, the discs are divided in three major categories: single exponential Type I, down-bending break Type II, and up-bending break Type III. Formation of these break features has been linked to the initial formation of the discs, internal evolution, and also with the interactions between galaxies. By studying the detailed properties of the disc break features, the evolutionary history of discs, and galaxies in general, can be better understood. The thesis work focuses on the structural analysis of the galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (SG), which consists of 2352 galaxies observed in the 3.6 and 4.5 μm mid-infrared wavelengths with the Spitzer space telescope. Work has been carried out as a part of the dataanalysis pipelines of the SG survey, utilizing surface photometry. In addition, special emphasis has been put on the study of the disc and disc break properties in a wide range of galaxy morphological types and stellar masses. The thesis work attempts to at least partially understand how galaxy stellar mass and observed wavelength affect the properties of the discs and breaks, and how galaxy structural components are connected with the breaks. The data comprises mainly of the 3.6 μm infrared data, providing a view to the stellar mass distribution of galaxies. We find that the Type II breaks are the most common disc profile type, found in 45 ± 2% of the sample galaxies, consisting of 759 galaxies in the stellar mass range 8.5 . log10(M∗/M ) . 11. Type I discs are found in 31 ± 2%, and the Type III breaks in 23 ± 2% of the sample. The fraction of the profile types also depends of the galaxy stellar mass: fractions of the Types II and III
Cross River as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class concord systems

Cross River languages exhibit nominal class/concord systems which typify almost every possible stage of simplification of the proto-Benue-Congo system, from full retention in some Upper Cross and Bendi languages to near complete elimination in the Ogoni group. The synchronic facts from Cross River shed light on some of the psycholinguistic processes involved in class/concord systems acquisition and retention as well as some of the sociolinguistic processes involved in the modification or loss of such systems. Taken together, the nominal class/concord systems of the Cross River languages correspond to points along a continuum or implicational scale which may prove to be of value in establishing a typology of class/concord systems throughout the Benue-Congo sub-branch.
Semi-Supervised Multiscale Permutation Entropy-Enhanced Contrastive Learning for Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery

In recent years, deep learning-based methods have attracted much attention and achieved remarkable results for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. However, in many actual industrial scenes, there are few labeled and large unlabeled samples that can be collected for learning due to the cost of experiments, which affect seriously the performance of supervised learning methods. A novel semi-supervised fault diagnosis method based on multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) enhanced contrastive learning (CL) is proposed. First, each channel signal of labeled and unlabeled samples collected in fault diagnosis experiments is expanded into 2-D matrices by minimizing MPE and encoded into gray Euclidean distance plots (EPs). Second, these EPs of different channels of each sample are aggregated and spliced into a color EP. CL model is employed as a pretraining model to learn deep features of color EPs of all labeled and unlabeled samples. Finally, the few labeled samples are inputted into ResNet-18 to obtain good classification performance with the learned feature weights by the CL pretraining model. The applications of gearbox and milling tool fault diagnosis experiments show the classification accuracy of the proposed MPE-CL method outperforms significantly other five benchmark methods, which are above 95.4% and 96.0% when the sample size in the labeled training dataset is 50/class, respectively.
Using Deep Learning Neural Networks To Classify X-Ray Images

In early 2020, the virus known as COVID-19 emerged as a significant global public health concern. The urgent need to diagnose infected individuals quickly led to the development of diagnostic equipment. However, this situation also raised concerns regarding the effectiveness and reliability of such equipment. In this paper, we present an alternative approach using deep learning neural networks to diagnose patients. Our method uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) model capable of classifying COVID-19 using X-ray images of patients' lungs. We uploaded two sets of X-ray images categorized into subclasses of Normal, Covid, and Virus, and trained a MobileNet model. The trained MobileNet model showed capabilities in accurately classifying X-ray images among the three classes. This approach has the potential for further development and application in the future to benefit the medical field.
Comparative study of the Ar and He atmospheric pressure plasmas on E-cadherin protein regulation for plasma-mediated transdermal drug delivery

The effects of argon plasma (ArP) and helium plasma (HeP) jets on E-cadherin protein function have been tested in order to choose the working gas for a better plasma-mediated transdermal drug delivery. The plasma-mediated changes of the E-cadherin function and the skin penetration efficacies of epidermal growth factor (EGF) were monitored in vitro using HaCaT human keratinocytes and in vivo using hairless mice. The ArP showed higher efficacy for E-cadherin regulation and EGF absorption than HeP under the same applied voltage and the same gas flow rate. The ArP generates higher volume power density, higher discharge current peak, and more reactive species than HeP, especially for OH with the same operating parameters. Moreover, the effect of ArP on E-cadherin function was blocked by the use of a grounded metal mesh. Taken together, this study presents the possibility that the synergetic effect of negative charges with radicals plays an important role in plasma-mediated E-cadherin regulation, which leads to enhanced transdermal drug delivery.
Distance constant of the Risø cup anemometer

The theory for cup-anemometer dynamics is presented in some detail, and two methods of obtaining the distance constant (cid:1) ◦ are discussed. The ﬁrst method is based on wind tunnel measurements: with a constant wind speed the cup anemometer is released from a locked position of the rotor and the increasing rotation rate recorded. It is concluded that the rapid increase in rotation rate makes the method very inaccurate. The second method consists of an analysis of turbulent, atmospheric wind speed as measured by the cup anemometer and a fast-responding sonic anemometer with a spatial eddy resolution, which is signiﬁcantly better than that which can be obtained by a cup anemometer. The ratio between the measured power spectra of the horizontal wind speed by the two instruments contains the necessary information for determining the response characteristics of the cup anemometer and thereby (cid:1) ◦ . The conditions for this last method to be accurate are discussed. Field measurements are used to demonstrate how (cid:1) ◦ is determined for the Risø cup anemometer, model P2546. The theory for cup-anemometer dynamics is presented in some detail and two methods of obtaining the distance constant (cid:1) ◦ are discussed. The ﬁrst method is based on wind tunnel measurements: with a constant wind speed the cup anemometer is released from a locked position of the rotor and the increasing rotation rate recorded. It is concluded that the rapid increase in rotation rate makes the method very inaccurate. The second method consists of an analysis of turbulent, atmospheric of wind speed as measured by the cup anemometer and a fast-responding sonic anemometer with a spatial eddy resolution which is signiﬁcantly better than that which can be obtained by a cup anemometer. The ratio between the measured power spectra of the horizontal wind speed by the two instruments contains the necessary information for determining the response characteristics of the cup anemometer and thereby (cid:1) ◦ . The conditions for this last method to be accurate are discussed. Field measurements are used to demonstrate how (cid:1) ◦ is determined the Risø cup anemometer, model P2546.
Increased Levels of miR-15b-5p and miR-20b-5p in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Hepatic Metastases

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of cancer. The symptoms appear in advanced stages, and diagnostic and prognostic tests for the early detection of PDAC and disease evolution are not available. The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with cancer development and progression, and some miRNAs have been reported to promote specific metastasis. In this study we aimed to identify the miRNAs dysregulated in PDAC tumoral tissues and a subset of miRNAs associated with tumoral characteristics, mainly metastasis presence and site. For this, the expression of 84 miRNAs was evaluated by qPCR in 30 tumoral tissues and 16 samples of non-tumoral pancreatic tissues. The comparison revealed 32 dysregulated miRNAs (19 upregulated and 13 downregulated) in the PDAC group. Reactome pathway over-representation analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in several biological pathways, including “ESR-mediated signaling”, “PIP3 activates AKT signaling”, and “Regulation of PTEN”, among others. Moreover, our study identified an upregulation of miR-15b-5p and miR-20b-5p in the tumoral tissues of patients with hepatic metastasis, outlining these miRNAs as potential markers for hepatic metastasis. No significant difference in miRNA expression was observed in relation to anatomic location, lymphovascular invasion, lung metastasis, and the presence of diabetes.
Topology optimization of plate/shell structures with respect to eigenfrequencies using a biologically inspired algorithm

ABSTRACT In this article, a novel approach is presented to perform topology optimization in a simple and explicit way. The method capitalizes on the use of a bio-inspired algorithm to represent topology, leading to more flexible optimization solutions along with explicit structure representation. To avoid remeshing upon design changes, a special treatment called the enhanced stiffness transformation approach (ESTA) is introduced to transform the stiffness and mass matrices of the growing stiffener into a set of equivalent stiffness and mass matrices. In this way, stiffeners are separated from the finite element mesh and can grow in an arbitrary direction to form an optimized layout solution. Notably, this approach incorporates more geometric information into topology optimization, which improves the clarity of stiffener layouts. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated with two examples of maximum eigenfrequency design of plate/shell structures.
FIELD EVALUATION OF SIXTEEN MULTI-CUT FODDER SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH GENOTYPES BASED ON THEIR AGRO-MORPHOLOGICALATTRIBUTES

Agro-morphological attributes are the key parameters for evaluating field crops including fodders. The genetic divergence of cereal forages provide sustainability to modern intensive production systems in the worlds. Changing climate situation is challenging for sorghum and other field crops. Therefore, characterization of agro-morphological attributes of sorghum is crucial for plant fitness, adaptability, livestock and human food supply in the worlds. A field study in the regular arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted at the experimental farm, RCA, Udaipur. The study was aimed to evaluate and characterize sixteen multi-cut fodder sorghum genotypes for various agro-morphological traits. As per recorded data, genotypes displayed significant variability for various traits. Additionally, green fodder yield (GFY) at first cut manifested significant and positive association with regeneration score whereas genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation (GCV & PCV) remained high for dry fodder yield at second cut. Furthermore, high heritability (h 2 ) along with high expected genetic gains were exhibited by dry fodder yield at second cut. Moreover, plant height exhibited the maximum direct effect on green fodder yield at first cut followed by regeneration ability score and leaf: stem ratio. To conclude, genotype SPH-1877 showed better performance for green fodder and dry fodder yield, and also exhibited better regeneration score compared to the rest of the genotypes. This study suggests that the best sorghum cultivar with better agro-morphological and yield related traits can be useful for sustainable sorghum production and ensuring the fodder supply for livestock.
Generating 2-D FIR filter functions by Christoffel–Darboux formula for Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind

ABSTRACT Global Christoffel–Darboux formula for different polynomials has already been used for the filter design. Here, this formula for orthonormal Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind and for two independent variables is applied in generating novel class linear-phase two-dimensional (2-D) finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter functions. In this way, 2-D filters with some specific features including economy, phase linearity, symmetry and selectivity are designed. Representative examples of the 2-D FIR digital filters of a new class obtained by the proposed approximation technique are given. A filter generated by the proposed approach is compared with the corresponding one generated by the procedure from literature.
The Norm Attainability Of Some Elementary Operators

In this note, we present new results on necessary and su¢ cient conditions for norm-attainability for Hilbert space operators. Moreover, norm-attainability conditions for elementary operators and generalized derivations are also established. The main results shows that if we let S 2 B(H); � 2 W0(S) and � > 0; then there exists an operator Z 2 B(H) such that kSk = kZk; with kS Zk < �.