Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete chloroplast genome of Prunus fruticosa and its implications for the phylogenetic position within Prunus sensulato (Rosaceae)

Abstract Prunus fruticosa is a wild species of Prunus distributed across the central Eurasia. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. fruticosa (GenBank accession number: MT916286). The cp genome was 158,217 bp long, with a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,322 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 19,153 bp separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,371 bp. It encodes 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. We also reconstructed the phylogeny of Prunus sensu lato using maximum likelihood (ML) method, including our data and previously reported cp genomes of related taxa. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that P. fruticosa is closely related with Prunus avium.
The Magnitude and Associated Factors of Consistent Condom Utilization Among ART Users in Hawassa City, Sidama, Ethiopia

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) introduction has sharply decreased mortality and morbidity rates among HIV-infected patients and resulted in longer and healthier lives among people living with HIV. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the level of consistent condom use and associated factors among ART users in Hawassa City. Methods Cross-sectional study design triangulated with qualitative phenomenology was used. One hospital and one health center were selected by simple random sampling and proportional to size allocation was used to assign participants to each health facility. Accordingly, 358 study subjects were selected. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to implicate significant factors. Thematic content analysis was used and narrative report writing with a quote was used to present qualitative data. Results The prevalence of consistent condom utilization in this study was 51.4%. Sex (AOR= 4.20, 95% CI: 2.386, 7.41), residence (AOR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.81, 6.99) educational status (AOR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.196, 0.946), perception on ART’s does not reduction of HIV transmission (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.43), rate of counseling (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.84) and use condom to prevent pregnancy (AOR=4.53, 95% CI: 2.11, 9.73) were found to be independent predictors of consistent condom utilization among ART users. Refusal by husbands, decrement in satisfaction, gender difference with more women than men willing to use consistently and religious reasons were factors associated with inconsistent condom utilization in the qualitative study. Conclusion and Recommendation Consistent condom utilization among ART users was low. Sex, residence, educational status, perception towards ART were significantly associated with consistent condom utilization. Moreover, husband refusal, religious reason, decrement in satisfaction on the qualitative study were associated with non-consistent use of a condom. The importance of consistent condom use should be well addressed in HIV/AIDS patients, to prevent transmission and multiple infections of HIV.
Job Demands and Resources among Healthcare Professionals during Virus Pandemics: A Review and Examination of Fluctuations in Mental Health Strain during COVID‐19

The present article examines how job demands and resources are related to indices of strain among healthcare professionals during virus pandemics. The article also presents the results of a study examining the relationships between COVID‐19 demands (e.g., lack of personal protective equipment, concerns about infecting family members), resources (meaningful work, social support), and mental health strain within a sample of emergency medicine personnel over six consecutive weeks. COVID‐19‐related demands and hours worked were hypothesized to be positively related to mental health strain, whereas meaningful work and social support were hypothesized to be negatively related to mental health strain. Hours worked the prior week were hypothesized to exacerbate the positive relationships between COVID‐19 demands and mental health strain, whereas the resources of meaningful work and social support were expected to buffer the relationships. Multilevel models controlling for mental health strain the prior week revealed that COVID‐19 demands, along with hours worked, were each related to higher mental health strain during the week. Hours worked magnified the within‐person relationship between personal COVID‐19 demands and mental health strain. In contrast to the hypotheses, social support and meaningful work were not related to mental health strain. Discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for healthcare professionals.
Irrational beliefs differentially predict adherence to guidelines and pseudoscientific practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Summary In the coronavirus “infodemic,” people are exposed to official recommendations but also to potentially dangerous pseudoscientific advice claimed to protect against COVID‐19. We examined whether irrational beliefs predict adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines as well as susceptibility to such misinformation. Irrational beliefs were indexed by belief in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories, COVID‐19 knowledge overestimation, type I error cognitive biases, and cognitive intuition. Participants (N = 407) reported (1) how often they followed guidelines (e.g., handwashing, physical distancing), (2) how often they engaged in pseudoscientific practices (e.g., consuming garlic, colloidal silver), and (3) their intention to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine. Conspiratorial beliefs predicted all three outcomes in line with our expectations. Cognitive intuition and knowledge overestimation predicted lesser adherence to guidelines, while cognitive biases predicted greater adherence, but also greater use of pseudoscientific practices. Our results suggest an important relation between irrational beliefs and health behaviors, with conspiracy theories being the most detrimental.
Measuring the impact of COVID‐19 on stock prices and profits in the food supply chain

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has shocked financial and commodity markets around the world. We are analyzing stock prices and information from financial reports to examine the impact of the pandemic on stock price volatility and profits of companies in the food supply chain. We use a data set of 71 major listed companies in the food value chain from stock indices in the US, Japan, and Europe. We calculate the annualized volatility per sector, screen the contents of the reports for stated effects of the pandemic on profits, and analyze stock price reactions in four different phases of the pandemic. The results show that stock markets have reacted with an increased price volatility. Manufacturers of fertilizers and agrochemicals as well as food distributors show particularly high volatilities in their stock prices. Low price volatility was observed in the stocks of food retailers. This pattern is also reflected in the profits of companies published in financial reports. Our regression analyses indicate that stocks of more profitable companies exhibited higher cumulative returns during the outbreak. In the phases thereafter, riskier stocks received higher discounts on returns. EconLit citations: G01, G12, E44, Q01.
Frontotemporal dermoid cyst with incomplete dermal sinus tract in an adult: A case report

Background: Non-midline supratentorial dermoid cyst with dermal sinus tract has been rarely reported especially in adults. We recently experienced a noteworthy patient with frontotemporal dermoid cyst with incomplete dermal sinus tract. Case Description: A 43-year-old female presented with recurrent subcutaneous mass in the left superolateral orbital region. She had a history of active bronchial asthma, which precluded her from contrast-enhanced imaging studies. Plain imaging studies showed a subcutaneous mass which was continuous with an intrasylvian fissure mass by a tract in the sphenoid ridge and the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. Frontotemporal craniotomy was performed to reset the mass and the tract. Intraoperative finding showed no intradural tumor components. Extradural component was carefully removed focusing attention on the frontal branch of the facial nerve. The pathology was consistent with dermoid cyst and dermal sinus tract. Postoperatively, she had mild facial palsy of the corrugator supercilii (House and Brackmann Grade II). She was discharged home with modified Rankin scale 1. Conclusion: Dermoid cyst needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of adult-onset subcutaneous mass in the frontotemporal regions. After thorough imaging studies for the presence and extent of the sinus tract, the symptomatic lesion should be excised completely once and for all.
Psychobehavioral Responses, Post‐Traumatic Stress and Depression in Pregnancy During the Early Phase of COVID‐19 Outbreak

Objective The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak has aroused a range of negative effects. Such considerable influence can be greater in vulnerable populations including pregnant women. This study aimed to assess the presence of prenatal depression (PND, as an important risk factor of postpartum depression) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to characterize infection‐induced preventive behaviors and psychological responses in the early phase of COVID‐19 outbreak. Methods Based on a population‐based sample of pregnant women from all regions in China, presence of probable PND and suspected PTSD were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (≥13) and the PTSD Checklist (≥14), respectively. A web‐based questionnaire was used to assess psychological and behavioral responses to COVID‐19. Results Among a total of 1908 questionnaires returned, 1901 women provided valid data (mean [SD] age, 28.9 [4.7] years). High prevalence of probable PND (34%) and suspected PTSD (40%) among pregnant women was observed. Those with suspected PTSD presented six times higher risk of probable PND than the non‐suspected (OR=7.83, 95% CI: 6.29–9.75; p<0.001). Most women (91%–96%) reported anxiousness about infection of themselves and the members within their social network. Lack of security and loss of freedom were reported in approximately two‐thirds of pregnant women. More frequent preventive behaviors, including handwashing, use of facemasks, and staying at home, were undertaken in more than 80% of the sample. Anxiousness of miscarriage and preterm birth were prevalent (>75%). Conclusions High prevalence of PND and PTSD and high levels of anxiety suggest profound impacts of the present outbreak on mental health. This calls for special attention and support for vulnerable populations. Mental health care should become part of public health measures during the present outbreak and should continue to be intensified to empower the health system for post‐outbreak periods.
Herd‐immunity across intangible borders: Public policy responses to COVID‐19 in Ireland and the UK

The responses to COVID‐19 in Ireland and the UK differed, and will have consequences for life in these islands that will extend far beyond the current crisis. Ireland went into lockdown relatively early on 12 March, while after a slow initial response, with plans for herd immunity, the UK started introducing restrictions around 20 March and quickly became a world leader in cases. While the UK has also presented similar responses seen elsewhere in Europe, one further area of note sees the devolved responses in different parts of the UK diverge considerably. These differences cannot be explained purely in terms of epidemiological conditions, as the trajectories of the virus in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are broadly similar. The reality is that the leaders of the devolved governments reached different political judgments from PM Johnson, which may bring further pressure to bear on the UK's constitutional makeup.
α-E-Catenin (CTNNA1) Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Invasion and EMT of Bladder Cancer

Aim Bladder cancer (BLCA) is an urogenital system tumor with a high morbidity. We aimed to explore the function and potential mechanism of α-E-catenin (CTNNA1) in BLCA. Methods The CTNNA1 expression in BLCA tissues was detected using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. QRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the CTNNA1 expression in BLCA cell lines. CTNNA1 expression was up-regulated in T24 and UMUC-2 cells by CTNNA1 overexpression plasmid transfection. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were respectively assessed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell assay. The expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. BLCA nude mice models were constructed to explore the effects of CTNNA1 on BLCA in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was proceeded to identify the CTNNA1-related pathways in BLCA. Results The expressions of CTNNA1 were down-regulated in BLCA tissues and cell lines, and its low expression indicated poor prognosis of BLCA patients. CTNNA1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and promoted cell apoptosis in BLCA cells. CTNNA1 enhanced E-cadherin expression and suppressed N-cadherin, snail, MMP2 and MMP9 expressions in BLCA cells, which suggested that CTNNA1 repressed EMT in BLCA cells. Moreover, CTNNA1 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. CTNNA1 was positively associated with P53 and apoptosis pathways in BLCA cells. Conclusion CTNNA1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and promoted cell apoptosis in BLCA via activating P53 and apoptosis pathways. CTNNA1 might be a novel target in BLCA therapy.
Some Considerations in Modeling of Moisture Transport in Heating of Hygroscopic Materials

Abstract Hygroscopic materials are those in which the equilibrium pressure of water vapor changes with moisture content and temperature, such as food, soil or wood, etc. Heat and moisture transports are coupled in heating of hygroscopic materials. One of the major links between temperature and moisture changes is water evaporation. There have been different formulations on modeling of evaporation in the past. A typical approach (Model 1 in this article) is to equate the evaporation rate to the rate of local moisture loss. The first part of this paper illustrates that such an approach is physically incorrect based on fundamental conservation relationships. A conservation-based coupled heat and moisture transfer model (Model 2) is presented here based on previous multiphase transport models. It shows that total evaporation rate over the entire material is included in Model 1 while the local evaporation rate is not. The situations when Model 1 may or may not generate large errors are discussed. The second part of this article completes the modeling of evaporation using Model 2. Two types of formulations are given depending on the phase equilibrium of moisture in the hygroscopic materials. When phase equilibrium between water and vapor is assumed for any location at any time, vapor pressure is provided as known variables. In a nonequilibrium approach, evaporation rate needs to be provided. The latter poses numerical difficulties near the material surface, which arises from the possibility that equilibrium state may have a large change near the surface. Further discussions were made on the physical and numerical considerations in using both approaches.
The Power of Collaborative Governance: The Case of South Korea Responding to COVID‐19 Pandemic

The COVID‐19 pandemic, the unprecedented global health crisis, has challenged the current systems of governance, both global governance and national governance. While the alleged “advanced” societies have shown their vulnerabilities and incompetence to deal with this crisis so far, a few countries have shown better ways of responding, in particular South Korea. In dealing with this kind of health crisis, criticism and praise can easily point to the national government and their policies, but rarely to the entire governance system and collaborative efforts of various actors. This article explores the synergy produced by the entire governance system participated in by various sectors, including both public and private ones, namely the collaborative governance, as an important factor of its more successful control of the epidemic compared with other countries.
Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma – A case series

Background: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare and aggressive tumor. We conducted this retrospective study to investigate the outcome of patients after treatment, the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, and the factors not conducive to total resection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of patients harboring fresh intracranial solitary fibrous tumor/HPC treated from January 2009 to December 2019 in our hospital. We reviewed their clinical presentations, radiologic appearances, tumor size and location, extent of resection, estimate intraoperative blood loss, treatment modalities and results, and duration of follow-up. Results: There were seven consecutive patients (three males and four females). The ages of the patients at the time of diagnosis ranged from 35 to 77 years (mean: 52.86 years). Five patients (71.43%) got tumor bigger than 5 cm in dimension and only 1 patient (14.29%) underwent gross total tumor resection in the first operation without complication. Five patients (71.43%) underwent postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Follow-up period ranged from 4.24 to 123.55 months and the median follow-up period was 91.36 months. Three patients had favorable outcome with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) equal to 4; four patients had unfavorable outcome with GOS equal to 2 or 3. No mortality was happened. Conclusion: Gross total tumor resection in the initial surgery is very important to achieve a better outcome. Massive intraoperative bleeding and venous sinus or major vessels adjoining are factors not conducive to total resection. Radiotherapy can be administered as adjuvant therapy for cases showing an aggressive phenotype or not treated with gross total resection.
Combining Initial Radiographs and Clinical Variables Improves Deep Learning Prognostication in Patients with COVID-19 from the Emergency Department

Purpose To train a deep learning classification algorithm to predict chest radiograph severity scores and clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patients aged 21–50 years who presented to the emergency department (ED) of a multicenter urban health system from March 10 to 26, 2020, with COVID-19 confirmation at real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction screening were identified. The initial chest radiographs, clinical variables, and outcomes, including admission, intubation, and survival, were collected within 30 days (n = 338; median age, 39 years; 210 men). Two fellowship-trained cardiothoracic radiologists examined chest radiographs for opacities and assigned a clinically validated severity score. A deep learning algorithm was trained to predict outcomes on a holdout test set composed of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who presented between March 27 and 29, 2020 (n = 161; median age, 60 years; 98 men) for both younger (age range, 21–50 years; n = 51) and older (age >50 years, n = 110) populations. Bootstrapping was used to compute CIs. Results The model trained on the chest radiograph severity score produced the following areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs): 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.88) for the chest radiograph severity score, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.84) for admission, 0.66 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.75) for intubation, and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.69) for death. The model trained on clinical variables produced an AUC of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.73) for intubation and an AUC of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.68) for death. Combining chest radiography and clinical variables increased the AUC of intubation and death to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.96) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.91), respectively. Conclusion The combination of imaging and clinical information improves outcome predictions. Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2020
Ultra‐orthodoxy and selective voluntarism: How did the Orbán regime react to the first wave of the pandemic?

Abstract Viktor Orbán's regime in Hungary is a prime example of authoritarian populism in a relatively developed country that has been part of the European Union since 2004. The paper argues that in response to the pandemic, the Orbán government pursued a set of selectively voluntarist policies that have been informed by an ultra‐orthodox, state‐centered worldview that sought to minimize the regime's democratic accountability and to reduce the counter‐mobilization ability of the opposition. These policies had been associated with comparatively low infection and death rates in the first wave of the pandemic, hence enabling high approval ratings for the government despite generating considerable human and economic costs. In light of rising infection and death rates from September 2020, however, it is yet to be seen whether the COVID‐19 crisis, in balance, will reinforce or undermine popular support to the regime.
Ultra Long-Acting β-Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction Inhaled β-agonists have been foundational medications for maintenance COPD management for decades. Through activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathways, these agents relax airway smooth muscle and improve expiratory airflow by relieving bronchospasm and alleviating air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation improving breathlessness, exertional capabilities, and quality of life. β-agonist drug development has discovered drugs with increasing longer durations of action: short acting (SABA) (4–6 h), long acting (LABA) (6–12 h), and ultra-long acting (ULABA) (24 h). Three ULABAs, indacaterol, olodaterol, and vilanterol, are approved for clinical treatment of COPD. Purpose This article reviews both clinically approved ULABAs and ULABAs in development. Conclusion Indacaterol and olodaterol were originally approved for clinical use as monotherapies for COPD. Vilanterol is the first ULABA to be approved only in combination with other respiratory medications. Although there are many other ULABA’s in various stages of development, most clinical testing of these novel agents is suspended or proceeding slowly. The three approved ULABAs are being combined with antimuscarinic agents and corticosteroids as dual and triple agent treatments that are being tested for clinical use and efficacy. Increasingly, these clinical trials are using specific COPD clinical characteristics to define study populations and to begin to develop therapies that are trait-specific.