Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRETREATMENT OF VITAMIN E AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

Vitamin E was evaluated in this study for nephro- protective effects in albino rats exposed to acetaminophen acute toxicity. A total of 30 male and female albino rats weighing between 80-120g were used for the study. They were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 serving as the control received distilled water only, group 2 as the toxicity control received distilled water and intoxicated with 800mg acetaminophen intraperitoneally and group 3 as the pretreated group received 50mg/kg Vitamin E by oral gavage before the intoxication with acetaminophen. Acetaminophen induced a significant (p<0.05) rise in urea, creatinine and potassium and decreased bicarbonate values as evidence of kidney and glomerular damage. Pretreatment with 50mg/kg Vitamin E attenuated the adverse effect of acetaminophen and was seen to salvage the organ. Vitamin E significantly (p<0.05) decreased the values of urea, creatinine and potassium while the bicarbonate level was increased. The results significantly changed when the duration of pretreatment was prolonged particularly on urea and creatinine levels showing a better recovery phase for the renal tissues as seen in the histopathological architecture when compared to the damaged kidney tissue. This result indicates that vitamin E possesses antioxidant protective potential against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in acetaminophen induced renal toxicity.
Spin-Dependent Luminescence of Highly Polarized Electrons Generated by Two-Photon Absorption in Semiconductors

The first demonstration of the generation of highly spin-polarized electrons in semiconductors using two-photon excitation was performed by measuring the spin-dependent luminescence. Bulk p-GaAs samples were excited by circularly polarized light with wavelength of 1.5 µm from an optical parametric oscillator and the luminescence polarization spectrum was measured. The experimental results showed that the highly spin-polarized electrons were generated by the circularly polarized two-photon excitation of the bulk p-GaAs. The initial spin polarization of conduction band electrons was estimated to be 95% from the spin relaxation time and the lifetime obtained by the time-resolved luminescence measurement.
Chapter 5 Cognitive Reserve and the Aging Brain

Cognitive reserve, which is often estimated with education and IQ, is the ability to make fl exible and effi cient use of available brain reserve during tasks. It has been found to be protective against the cognitive outcomes of brain injury. • Cognitive reserve is refl ected in neural reserve and neural compensation. • Neural reserve allows healthy individuals more effi cient processing (processing which requires less neural activity) as well as higher processing capacity (the ability to recruit more neural activity when task demands are high). • Neural compensation is the activation of alternate brain regions to compensate for defi ciencies in individuals with brain impairments. • Young adults with high cognitive reserve display greater neural effi ciency. This may be a result of better or more effi cient use of strategies. • Neural markers for cognitive reserve may differ between younger and older adults. This may be an indication of compensatory reorganization during aging. • Activation patterns related to cognitive reserve are reversed between healthy older adults and individuals with Alzheimer’s. • Individuals with high cognitive reserve may present with pathology without functional defi cits. Thus, accounting for cognitive reserve in addition to the underlying pathology may aid clinical judgment.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Statistical tests for multiple forecast comparison Statistical tests for multiple forecast comparison

We consider a multivariate version of the Diebold-Mariano test for equal predictive ability of three or more forecasting models. The Wald-type test, S , which has a null distribution that is asymptotically chi-squared, is shown to be generally invariant with respect to the ordering of the models being compared. Finite-sample corrections for the test are also developed. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that S has reasonable size properties in large samples but tends to be oversized in moderate samples. The ﬁnite-sample correction succeeds in correcting for size, but only partially. For the size-adjusted tests, power increases with sample size, as expected. It is speculated that further ﬁnite-sample improvements can be achieved using Hotelling’s T 2 or bootstrap critical values.
The Vasculome of the Mouse Brain The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

The blood vessel is no longer viewed as passive plumbing for the brain. Increasingly, experimental and clinical findings suggest that cerebral endothelium may possess endocrine and paracrine properties – actively releasing signals into and receiving signals from the neuronal parenchyma. Hence, metabolically perturbed microvessels may contribute to central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease. Furthermore, cerebral endothelium can serve as sensors and integrators of CNS dysfunction, releasing measurable biomarkers into the circulating bloodstream. Here, we define and analyze the concept of a brain vasculome, i.e. a database of gene expression patterns in cerebral endothelium that can be linked to other databases and systems of CNS mediators and markers. Endothelial cells were purified from mouse brain, heart and kidney glomeruli. Total RNA were extracted and profiled on Affymetrix mouse 430 2.0 micro-arrays. Gene expression analysis confirmed that these brain, heart and glomerular preparations were not contaminated by brain cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons), cardiomyocytes or kidney tubular cells respectively. Comparison of the vasculome between brain, heart and kidney glomeruli showed that endothelial gene expression patterns were highly organ-dependent. Analysis of the brain vasculome demonstrated that many functionally active networks were present, including cell adhesion, transporter activity, plasma membrane, leukocyte transmigration, Wnt signaling pathways and angiogenesis. Analysis of representative genome-wide-association-studies showed that genes linked with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and stroke were detected in the brain vasculome. Finally, comparison of our mouse brain vasculome with representative plasma protein databases demonstrated significant overlap, suggesting that the vasculome may be an important source of circulating signals in blood. Perturbations in cerebral endothelial function may profoundly affect CNS homeostasis. Mapping and dissecting the vasculome of the brain in health and disease may provide a novel database for investigating disease mechanisms, assessing therapeutic targets and exploring new biomarkers for the CNS.
A damped forward EMI model for a horizontally stratified earth

Abstract If a magnetic dipole is placed above the surface of the earth, the electromagnetic induction (EMI) effect, encoded in Maxwell's equations, causes eddy currents in the soil which, on their turn, induce response electromagnetic fields. The magnetic field can be measured in geophysical surveys to determine the conductivity profile of the ground in a non-destructive manner. The forward model used in the inversion of experimental data usually consists of a set of horizontal homogeneous layers. A frequently used analytical model, proposed by McNeill, does not include the interaction between the eddy currents and therefore fails for larger conductivities. In this paper, we construct a new forward, analytical, model to estimate the magnetic field caused by a horizontally stratified earth which approximates the interaction between eddy currents. This makes it valid for a broader range of parameters than the current state of the art. Furthermore, the error with the (numerically obtainable) exact result is substantially decreased. We also calculate the vertical sensitivity (“depth of exploration”) of the model and observe that it is in good agreement with the values obtained from the exact model.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Climate and carbon-cycle variability over the last millennium

A long-standing task in climate research has been to distinguish between anthropogenic climate change and natural climate variability. A prerequisite for fulﬁlling this task is the understanding of the relative roles of external drivers and internal variability of climate and the carbon cycle. Here, we present the ﬁrst ensemble simulations over the last 1200 years with a comprehensive Earth system model including a fully interactive carbon cycle. Applying up-to-date reconstructions of external forcing including the recent low-amplitude estimates of solar variations, the ensemble simulations reproduce temperature evolutions consistent with the range of reconstructions. The 20th-century warming trend stands out against all pre-industrial trends within the ensemble. Volcanic eruptions are necessary to explain variations in pre-industrial climate such as the Little Ice Age; yet only the strongest, repeated eruptions lead to cooling trends that differ signiﬁcantly from the internal variability across all ensemble members. The simulated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exhibit a stable carbon cycle over the pre-industrial era with multi-centennial variations somewhat smaller than in the observational records. Early land-cover changes have modulated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations only slightly. We provide a model-based quantiﬁcation of the sensitivity (termed γ ) of the global carbon cycle to temperature for a variety of climate and forcing conditions. We diagnose a dis-Correspondence tinct dependence of γ on the forcing strength and time-scales involved, thus providing a possible explanation for the sys-tematic difference in the observational estimates for different segments of the last millennium.
CEOR_A_306138 299..306

1Department of Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland; 2Financial Department, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland; 3Department of Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland; 4Department of Anesthesia, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland; 5Department of Surgery, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy Background: Pudendal nerve block (PNB) has been demonstrated to reduce postoperative pain and re-admission rates after open hemorrhoidectomy and may reduce costs but, to date, no study has reported data on this aspect. The aim of our study was to perform a cost analysis on PNB use in inand outpatients undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2019, patients undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy were included and randomized to undergo spinal anesthesia either with or without the PNB. Clinical data, direct and indirect costs for inand outpatients, operating time and operating theatre occupancy were recorded. A cost-effectiveness analysis based on the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) and TARMED reimbursement systems was performed. Results: Patients who underwent PNB in addition to spinal anesthesia had significantly less pain and a shorter length of hospital stay after open hemorrhoidectomy. The cost analysis included all 49 patients, 23 of whom, in addition to spinal anesthesia, received a PNB. There were no significant differences in operating theatre occupancy (p=0.662), mean operative time (p=0.610) or time required for anesthesia (p=0.124). Direct costs were comparable (482 ±386 vs 613±543 EUR, p=0.108), while indirect costs were significantly lower in the PNB group (2606±816 vs 2769±1506 EUR, p=0.005). We estimated an incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER) of −243 ± 881 EUR/pain unit on the VAS. Conclusion: Despite limitations, the ultrasound-guided PNB seems to reduce costs in patient undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy under spinal anesthesia. It was shown to be clinically beneficial and cost-effective, and therefore recommendable in patients undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy.
OP-GTHE210115 1..11

Changes at the molecular level capacitate the plasticity displayed by the brain in response to stress stimuli. Weaning stress can trigger molecular changes that influence the physiology of the offspring. Likewise, maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation has been associated with behavior disorders and molecular changes in the amygdala of the offspring. This study advances the understanding of the effects of preand postnatal stressors in amygdala gene networks. The amygdala transcriptome was profiled on female and male pigs that were either exposed to viral-elicited MIA or not and were weaned or nursed. Overall, 111 genes presented interacting or independent effects of weaning, MIA, or sex (FDR-adjusted P-value <0.05). PIGY upstream reading frame and orthodenticle homeobox 2 are genes associated with MIA-related neurological disorders, and presented significant under-expression in weaned relative to nursed pigs exposed to MIA, with a moderate pattern observed in non-MIA pigs. Enriched among the genes presenting highly overor under-expression profiles were 24 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways including inflammation, and neurological disorders. Our results indicate that MIA and sex can modulate the effect of weaning stress on the molecular mechanisms in the developing brain. Our findings can help identify molecular targets to ameliorate the effects of preand postnatal stressors on behaviors regulated by the amygdala such as aggression and feeding.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of comorbidities in heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter – deﬁbrillator

Aims This study assessed the prevalence and the prognostic impact of comorbidities in heart failure patients with implantatable cardioverter –deﬁbrillator (ICD). Methods and results We prospectively enrolled 146 patients with chronic heart failure, an ICD, and sys- tolic dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 29 + 10%). Cardiac death was chosen as the primary endpoint. Death or appropriate ICD therapy, i.e. antitachycardia pacing / shock due to sustained ventricular tachy- cardia or ventricular ﬁbrillation, was chosen as the secondary endpoint. Seventy-ﬁve patients (52%) had chronic kidney disease (deﬁned as an estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate , 60 mL / min / 1.73 m 2 ), 39 patients (27%) were anaemic, and 34 patients (23%) had diabetes mellitus. During a follow-up of 663 + 400 days, 22 patients (15%) died, and 41 patients (28%) received an appropriate ICD therapy. By multivariate Cox analysis, independent predictors of cardiac death were chronic kidney disease, age, and NYHA functional class. Death / appropriate ICD therapy were independently predicted by chronic kidney disease and QRS duration. In the presence of chronic kidney disease, outcome was sig- niﬁcantly worse when compared with the absence (event-free survival rate 51 vs. 76%, P , 0.001). Conclusion In heart failure patients with an ICD, comorbidities are frequent but only the presence of chronic kidney disease is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
(2017). Grandmother cells and localist representations: a review of current thinking. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience , 32 (3), 257-273.

There is now a large literature in neuroscience highlighting how some neurons respond highly selectively to high-level information (e.g., cells that respond to specific faces) and a growing literature in psychology and computer science showing that artificial neural networks often learn highly selective representations. Nevertheless, the vast majority of neuroscientists reject ‘grandmother cell’ theories out of hand, and many psychologists reject localist models based on neuroscience. In this review I detail some of the conceptual confusions regarding grandmother cells that have contributed to this state of affairs, and review the literature of single-unit recording studies in artificial neural networks that may provide insights into why some neurons respond in a highly selective manner. I then briefly review the contributions from leading theorists in psychology and neuroscience. My hope this special issue contributes to a more productive debate on an important issue that has often been characterized by misunderstandings between disciplines.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is the term used to describe adults who have a slowly progressive form of diabetes mellitus (DM) of autoimmune etiology, but that may be treated initially without insulin. Although the American Diabetes Association (ADA) currently does not recognize this disease as a specific type, there is increasing information about it, as well as groups dedicated to its study. LADA shares some immu- nological and genetic aspects with DM type 1, it affects an age group that is typically affected by type 2 DM. Therefore, it could be considered a type of intermediate diabetes. This process can be detected by specific antibodies in the peripheral blood, months or even years before the clinical onset of the disease. Diagnosis is based on clinical and labo- ratory criteria: age of onset, initial response to oral hypoglycemic agents and the presence of specific antibodies for diabetes. Although the definitive treatment is insulin, glitazones may be useful in early stages of the disease. Currently, its management represents a chal-lenge for the physician, including specialists, and it is a form of DM to keep in mind.
The up-regulation of proteinase-activated receptors and the hyper-contractile responses precede the development of arterial lesions after balloon injury

Thrombin and other proteinases exert vascular effects by activating proteinase-activated receptor, PAR. The expression of PAR has been shown to be up-regulated after balloon injury and in human arteriosclerosis. However, the relationship between the receptor up-regulation and the alteration of vasomotor function remains to be elucidated. We herein demonstrated that the contractile responses to PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonist were markedly enhanced in the rabbit femoral arteries after balloon injury. Neointimal thickening was established 4 weeks after the injury. No histological change was observed in the sham operation, where the saphenous artery was ligated without any balloon injury. The contractile response to K + -depolarization was significantly attenuated 1 week after the injury, and then it partly recovered after 4 weeks. Thrombin, PAR-1-activating peptide, trypsin and PAR-2-activating peptide induced no significant contraction in the control. All these stimulants induced enhanced responses 1 week after balloon injury. Such enhanced responses were seen 4 weeks after the injury, except for thrombin. There was no change in the Ca 2+ -sensitivity of the contractile apparatus, as evaluated in the permeabilized preparations. PAR-1-activating peptide (100 µ mol/L), but no other stimulants, induced an enhanced contraction in the sham operation. The expression of PAR-1 and PAR-2 slightly increased after the sham operation, while it markedly and significantly increased after balloon injury. Our observations suggest that balloon injury induced the receptor up-regulation, thereby enhancing the contractile response before the establishment of vascular lesions. The local inflammation associated with the sham operation may also contribute to the receptor up-regulation.
Infrared Radiation Induced Gyrotropic Photocurrents in Semiconductor Nanostructures

This thesis deals with an advanced experimental investigation of infrared radiation induced gyrotropic photocurrents in semiconductor nanostructures. These provide an access to non-equilibrium processes in low-dimensional materials like quantum wells allowing especially studies of spin and orbital properties of carriers. Even though a noticeable progress in both the basic research and utilisation of the gyrotropic currents has been achieved, their complete understanding is still a challenge. The conducted measurements improve the knowledge by revealing a number of new phenomena. Among them are a first experimental observation of circular photon drag effect demonstrating a simultaneous transfer of photon linear and angular momenta to carriers and a detection of a nonlinear magneto-gyrotropic photocurrent. The latter effect coheres with the heavy-hole type of the lowest conduction band in HgTe quantum wells allowing, for instance, determination of the quantum spin Hall insulator state.
On rate enhancement during the human vOluntary rhythmic mOvement Of finger tapping

Voluntary rhythmic movements are fundamental during everyday human life. Examples of such movements include walking and other cyclic tasks, such as finger tapping. It has been shown that motor function of voluntary rhythmic movement can be altered through e.g. priming, which can be described as a change in behaviour generated by a preceding stimulus. However, many details of the control and regulation of voluntary rhythmic movements involved in e.g. priming remain largely undisclosed. Thus, an improved understanding of the nervous system’s function in general but also for potential medical use and development of e.g. exoskeletons or robotic assistance is useful.
Etude des propriétés hygroscopiques des aérosols atmosphériques

Les particules d'aerosols jouent un role preponderant sur le climat de la Terre, notamment a travers l'absorption et la diffusion du rayonnement solaire. L'hygroscopicite de ces particules est un parametre important qui decrit leur capacite a augmenter leurs diametres par condensation de vapeur d'eau en fonction de l'humidite relative. Ce travail a pour but d'etudier l'hygroscopicite des particules atmospheriques grâce a un systeme HTDMA developpe au laboratoire. Notre travail s'articule autour de mesures realisees en zone source (Marseille, Grenoble) et en zone de fond (puy de Dome, 1465m). L'hygroscopicite mesuree sur ces sites est globalement plus importante en zone de fond qu'en zone source. Cette information, appuyee par nos mesures en laboratoire, met en evidence l'impact du phenomene de "vieillissement de l'aerosol sur son hygroscopicite par condensation de composes volatils a sa surface ou par formation de composes secondaires par reaction en phase aqueuse en nuage. La specificite de cette etude est egalement due au couplage des proprietes hygroscopiques avec la composition chimique des aerosols mesures par AMS. Ce couplage nous a permis de montrer, grâce a la theorie ZSR, que l'hygroscopicite de l'aerosol pouvait etre calculee a partir de la connaissance de sa composition chimique, avec une precision de 5% en moyenne, en prenant en compte l'etat de melange de l'aerosol. Enfin, nos resultats montrent que l'aerosol est toujours present sous forme de melange externe, ce qui constitue une information importante pour evaluer l'impact radiatif (direct ou indirect) de l'aerosol