Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THREE DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION ANALYSIS IN SUPERSONIC FLOW USING A NAVIER-STOKES CODE

The authors tried to improve the accuracy of transition analysis in supersonic flow by combining a usual e method and a NavierStokes computation. Transition characteristics of a sharp cone and a nose cone with non-zero angle of attack, and a supersonic natural laminar flow (NLF) wing designed by our agency were analyzed. The Navier-Stokes code was used for the estimation of the threedimensional laminar boundary layer profiles that are the greatest controlling factor of the accuracy of the e method. Transition location on the side surface of the sharp cone and nose cone moved forward significantly in comparison with that on the top and the bottom lines of the bilateral symmetry plane. It is dominated by the crossflow instability on the whole surface except extremely near the top and the bottom lines. Strong forward movement of transition was only found on the top line of the sharp cone. It is based on the instability due to the inflection point of two-dimensional laminar boundary layer profile. It became clear that the transition location estimated by the present analysis was in the rear of the wing as compared to the result by the 3-dimensional boundary layer code with the conical flow approximation by KaupsCebeci. This was caused by over estimation of the crossflow near the leading edge of the wing under the influence of the approximation. Therefore, it is thought that the highly accurate laminar boundary layer has large influence on estimating critical Reynolds number.
COMMENTS ON “A UNIFIED APPROACH TO MEASURING u∗”

The goal of this paper by Richard Crump, Stefano Eusepi, Marc Giannoni, and Aysegul Sahin (CEGS) is to estimate the natural rate of unemployment, or ut , in the postwar period. The authors combine two measurement approaches, one based on detailed data on flows into and out of unemployment for many demographic groups, and the other on the traditional Phillips curve relationship and data on aggregate unemployment, inflation and inflation expectations. The paper provides three main takeaways. First, ut is estimated to be around 4% in 2018. Second, ut appears to have been trending down since the late 1980s. Third, this downward trend is due to the secular decline in the separation rate, which, in turn, was caused by the increased labor force attachment of women, the decline in job destruction and reallocation intensity, and the dual aging in the labor market of workers and firms. Overall, this paper is an impressive piece of work with crucial policy implications. The most obvious of them is that the current low level of unemployment is roughly sustainable in terms of inflation, given that it is similar to the estimated natural rate and the unemployment gap is thus close to zero. I will organize my comments around two main points. I will first try to unpack the estimates of ut presented by CEGS, to shed light on their essential drivers. My conclusion will be that data on inflation expectations seem crucial for the measurement of ut in the paper. In contrast, the detailed labor market flow data play a less central role for the measurement of ut , although they are of course crucial for the interpretation of its secular trend. I will then analyze the implications of this unpacking exercise for the New-Keynesian Phillips curve, which seems in better shape than what some recent critics have suggested.
Retracted: Histopathological Correlation Between Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsies and Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

Introduction: Differences in Gleason grade in transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) biopsies and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens are well documented in literature. Keeping in view the limitations of Gleason grading system, Epstein JI grade group system was introduced. Various other parameters also have a significant role in predicting the pathological stage, extraprostatic extension, status of surgical margins and metastatic disease in regional lymph nodes. RP is performed at limited centres in Pakistan. Till date, no comparison of the histopathological findings in 12-core TRUS and RP specimens had been performed at the national level. Our study is aimed at generating local data in this context. Materials and Methods: This was a crosssectional study and non-probability consecutive sampling was performed. It was conducted at Histopathology Department, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from January 2008 to December 2014. Gleason scores of 20 RP specimens were compared to Gleason scores of TRUS biopsies of same patients. Concordance in Gleason score and grade groups with laterality, perineural invasion was also studied. Results: Out of 20 RP cases, 40% (n = 8) had a Gleason score of 6, 30% (n = 6) had score 7, 20% (n = 4) had score 8 and 15% (n = 3) had score 9. Compared to the TRUS biopsy, RP Gleason score was concordant in 11 cases (55%), higher in 7 cases (35%) and lower in 2 cases (10%). TRUS involvement was unilateral in 10 cases (50%) and bilateral in 10 cases (50%). However, bilateral involvement of RP specimen was seen in 14 cases (70%) and unilateral in 6 cases (30%). Thus, better tumour yield was observed in RP specimens i.e., bilateral involvement in RP specimens was found in additional 5 cases (25%). Perineural involvement was higher in RP specimen i.e., 12 cases (60%), compared to 5 cases (25%) in TRUS biopsies. Its concordance was significantly higher in those with Gleason score of equal to or more than 7 (83%) and low in score less than score 7 (17%). Conclusion: When comparing RP to initial TRUS biopsies, Gleason score was upgraded in 35% and downgraded in 10% of cases. Bilateral involvement in 25% of cases of RP specimens was underestimated as unilateral involvement in TRUS biopsies. Perineural involvement with high Gleason score was also seen.
Internet Penetration and Voting Advice Applications

VAAs have been used successfully in many European countries for more than a decade. Before analysing data of any European VAA, we first need to understand the profile of the Internet users in the European Union. In this paper we try to provide some answers to the question of the representativeness of a VAA sample. We do this using data from the Greek Voting Advice Application HelpMeVote/Votemach 2014 and Euvox which was used in most of the EU member states. We run a cross-national comparative analysis of VAA users in order to examine if the observed differences of the sample bias can be explained by the differences of the Internet populations among countries.
Riding the Reciprocal Teaching Bus

This article examines the author’s interactions with the teaching strategy known as Reciprocal Teaching, sometimes also called Reciprocal Reading, which involves students learning to read collaboratively in small groups. Reciprocal Teaching typically involves students teaching each other by following a rubric of activities that are aimed at primarily improving their comprehension skills. In brief, students read a text in a group and collectively try to understand it, using prescribed procedures. This article scrutinises the original research by Palinscar and Brown (1984) which created the strategy and questions some of its claims. While many other investigations into Reciprocal Teaching have aimed to prove or disprove its efficacy, this enquiry studies the discourses which inform the strategy, arguing that there are problems with its presentation in the original article which have affected subsequent representations of Reciprocal Teaching. The article shows how the author, an English teacher in a large secondary school, taught Reciprocal Teaching to teenagers for a year and argues that the presentation of Reciprocal Teaching he read in a wellregarded teaching handbook caused him to deploy Reciprocal Teaching problematically. It was only when he taught Reciprocal Teaching in a more imaginative fashion that he found greater success.
Characterization of compacted sand-bentonite mixtures as landfill barriers in North Cyprus

Na-bentonite from a bentonite mine in Yiğitler (Arsos) and uniform washed beach sand from Famagusta coast have been used to investigate the possibility of using the right proportions of these materials as compacted barrier layer to control water ingress and leachate migration in the landfill management in North Cyprus. Behaviour of 33%, 50% and 75% sandnatural bentonite content mixtures was studied including determination of soil-water characteristic curves, compressibility, hydraulic conductivity, and swellingshrinkage during desiccation. This study concludes that 25% of Na-bentonite and uniform beach sand can be a feasible mixture of alternative materials for waste containment barriers which may be considered in future with the growing danger of sanitary and industrial waste on the island.
Sex, size and ploidy ratios of Carassius gibelio from Poland

Unusual tolerance of ecological conditions and an ability of bisexual and unisexual reproduction allows Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) to colonize various habitats from northern Europe to Asia. This non-native species of negligible economic importance has a negative impact on native species and the environment, and is undesirable in any part of Europe. As the reproductive mode is indirectly indicated by sex and ploidy ratios, these two features together with the karyotypes as well as sexand ploidy-related length-weight relationships were studied in C. gibelio population inhabiting the Siemianówka Reservoir (northern-east Poland). Moreover, we tested the hypothesis that the frequency of triploid or diploid C. gibelio individuals in European populations will be greater than that in East Asia where it is native. The studied population is bisexual, clearly indicated by the presence of females (the sex ratio 3.1:1), represented by triploids and diploids in a 1:1 ratio. The parity of the sex ratio among diploids was noticeable in that most males (78.8%) were diploids but, surprisingly, the rest were triploids. The sex and ploidy ratios indicated both unisexual (via gynogenesis) and bisexual reproduction of C. gibelio. The weightlength relationships were related to sex but not to the ploidy. Compared to native populations, our findings reveal a higher incidence of sexually-reproducing diploids, which may have facilitated their success in invading Europe.
Layout 1

Almost overnight, genetically engineered (GE) crops have profoundly changed agriculture in the U.S. Leading the way have been corn, soybean, and cotton crops resistant to the herbicide glyphosate. As a result, traditional farming and IPM methods have been tossed aside and replaced with a simplistic solution. Seeds are drilled into the soil without cultivation. When weeds appear, fields and crops are sprayed with glyphosate, usually by aerial application. Repeated applications are needed, and glyphosate resistant (GR) crops are often grown in the same field, year after year (Duke and Powles 2009; Mortensen et al. 2012). Glyphosate is systemically absorbed by the crop, and it appears in the food sold for consumption (EPA 2011; Arregui et al. 2004; Duke 2011). Other GE changes include crops that grow their own pesticide. Genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) are inserted into plant genomes. Each plant cell produces insecticidal proteins, and these insecticides are incorporated into the food (Gassmann 2012). Genetically engineered foods are not labeled, despite the fact that 90% of Americans support labeling (Acres 2012). Consumers are exposed to these new genetic creations and their systemic pesticides without their knowledge. The effects of longterm, widespread exposure to these products have not been fully investigated, and most of the studies supporting their safety have been produced by industry (Antoniou et al. 2011; Antoniou et al. 2012). Large Pesticide Increase
Crime and punishment: Morality judgment in a foreign language.

The current study examined whether use of a foreign language affects the manner in which people evaluate a criminal situation. We employed a range of crime scenarios, for which severity judgment scores were obtained. Crimes that were written in a foreign language were systematically evaluated as less severe compared with the same cases described in the native language. We propose that these differences may be due to attenuated emotional processing in a nonnative language. Crucially, this observed variation in severity judgment may also affect magistrates and police interrogators confronted with crime scenarios formulated in a foreign tongue. This in turn would have inevitable consequences for the penalty they will or will not exact on the suspect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
The Relation between Interparental Conflict and Adolescent’s Adjustment Problems: The Mediator Role of Parental Control Practices

Address for Correspondence: Melike Sayıl, TED University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Psychology Department, Ziya Gökalp Cad. No: 48, 06420 Kolej Çankaya / Ankara E-mail: melike.sayil@tedu.edu. tr Interparental conflict characterized by emotional negativity, anger, and aggression is directly linked with adolescents’ adjustment problems. Beside these direct effects, underlying processes in the relationship between interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment have been investigated from different perspectives. One of the very well known among these perspectives is family systems approach (Erel & Burman, 1995). In this approach, spillover hypothesis indicates the transmission of an affective or emotional state across sub-systems of the family. Studies testing the spillover hypothesis in understanding the possible mediatiors that may relate interparental conflict with adolescent adjustment problems have revealed that interparental conflict is related to low levels of parental support, warmth, monitoring, and high levels of harsh discipline, verbal criticism, and punitiveness (Buehler & Gerard, 2002; Krishnakumar & Buehler, 2000). Despite some evidence, there is no clarity that family systems functions differently in Western and non-Western societies (Chang, Lansford, Schwartz, & Farver, 2004). One of the controversial issues in the literature is that whether interparental conflict is related to adolescent adjustment directly or indirectly via ineffective parenting. Although spillover hypothesis has been supported by many mediating processes in a variety of cultures (e.g., Bradford et al., 2003; Chang, Lansford, Schwartz, & Farver, 2004; Krishnakumar et al., 2003), mediating role of parental control versus direct influence of interparental conflict on adolescent adjustment problems has not been investigated widely in nonwestern societies. This study aims to apply family systems approach to examine the direct and indirect relations among interparental conflict, parental control, and adolescent’s adjustment problems in Turkish urban families. Specifically, the current study focuses on perceived maternal and paternal psychological control and monitoring as mediators investigating the link between perceived interparental conflict and adolescent’s bullying and loneliness. The first two hypotheses of the study are about direct relations: Adolescents who perceived high interparental conflict would report (1) high levels of adjustment problems (i.e., loneliness and bullying) and (2) high levels of psychological control and low levels of behavioral control (monitoring). Mediation hypothesis predicted that decreased parental monitoring and increased parental psychological control would explain the relationships of interparental conflict with adolescent’s loneliness and bullying. Since there is no consistency in the literature, the specific roles of parent and adolescent sexes haven’t been hypothesized in the aforementioned relations in the present research.
Wide Open Spaces: A statistical technique for measuring space creation in professional soccer

Soccer analytics has long focused on the outcomes of discrete, on-ball events; however, much of the sport’s complexity resides in off-ball events. In the words of Johan Cruyff: “it is statistically proven that players actually have the ball 3 minutes on average. So, the most important thing is: what do you do during those 87 minutes when you do not have the ball? That is what determines whether you are a good player or not. ” The creation and closure of spaces is a recurrent subject in observation-based tactical analysis, yet it remains highly unexplored from a quantitative perspective.
Assessment of sperm motility, and its relationship with sperm function and fertility

The 2010 World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen is provided and favored for assisted reproductive technology units in the investigation of male infertility. Conventional semen analysis is the primary measure for the evaluation of male fertility. This review critically examines conventional sperm motility assessment methods and reports on the lack of standardization and reproducibility associated with subjective measures and absence of a biological standard. The role of sperm motility in the development of more sophisticated fertility-related diagnostics and testing methods are discussed, with focus on the genetic causes of asthenozoospermia and the potential development of genetic biomarkers. Sperm preparation methods are closely examined to highlight factors which can negatively affect the reliability of sperm motility assessment. The association between sperm motility and clinical outcomes in IUI and ICSI cycles is also examined, with IUI and ICSI as comparable examples of a natural and non-natural sperm selection environment for which known sperm motility values can be assessed. Male accessory gland infection/inflammation is discussed regarding its role in impaired sperm motility, and in the case of Human Papilloma virus as a possible explanation for unknown male infertility. Finally, although this review concentrates specifically on sperm motility, by considering outcomes from total motile sperm counts, this review acknowledges the advantages of assessing multiple
Microbiological treatment of water by cold plasma at atmospheric pressure

Ensuring the world's population access to drinking water is one of the millennium's challenges, for although our planet is made up of 70% of water, poor distribution and water quality are problems that concern world leaders, being among the objectives of development 2030 agenda set by the ONU. The proposed work aimed at the microbiological treatment of water through cold plasma technology at atmospheric pressure, the control to confirm the efficiency of the treatment was through the analysis of thermotolerant coliforms. The reduction was 93.33% for thermotolerant coliforms and cold plasma technology reduces the time of microbiological treatment of water by 90% over traditional methods due to high energy density, ozone generation and ultraviolet radiation, thus reducing costs because the energy expenditure was low and there is no need to add chemicals.
Integration of Peer Instruction in the Guided Inquiry Learning Model: Practicing Science Literacy through Scratch

The study is to determine the scientific literacy skills of students by using the peer-instruction integration learning model in guided inquiry through scratch media. The study was conducted at SMAN 14 Semarang in class x on circular motion material, and the research technique used was random sampling. The method used is an experiment with a one-shot case study design. The instrument used was an essay test to determine students' scientific literacy skills. The results show that the scientific literacy ability of students in the aspects of science as the body of knowledge is 30.3% with a low category, science as a way of thinking gets results that are 46.4% with a low category, science as a way to investigate obtaining results is 78.7% with enough category. The interaction between science technology and society gets results that are 50.5% with a low category. It can be concluded that overall the ability of scientific literacy has not been well trained, while the ability of scientific literacy in the scientific aspects as a way to investigate has been sufficiently trained.
Monitoring sediment fluxes in Alpine rivers: the AQUASED project

Monitoring activities in Alpine rivers is normally focused on water discharge measurements; sediment transport measurements have recently gained interest for several reasons, such as flood protection, research purposes, sediment budget and continuity. A new monitoring station has been designed and deployed in the Sulden/Solda river (South Tyrol, Italy) to address these needs. The watershed is characterized by large glacier areas and steep slopes feeding the river with sediments. The station is equipped with a 4m-rack of geophone plates and an acoustic pipe-hydrophone. Bedload is measured along with suspended load, water stage, water conductivity and temperature. This work presents the installation and the results collected during a high flood event and compares them to values derived from bedload equations obtained by other authors.
Hemoglobin variants – pathomechanism, symptoms and diagnosis

Abstract The diagnosis of hemoglobin variants that are not any of the better-known forms of thalassemia, sickle cell, HbC, HbD, or HbE anomalies is often challenging and requires detailed knowledge of the difference in symptoms and analysis. Experience in laboratory medicine plays an important role as the range of variants is extensive and lack of expertise can result in a wrong diagnosis. Hemoglobin variants with low oxygen affinity may present cyanosis and low oxygen saturation levels, whereas variants with increased oxygen affinity show polyglobulia and concomitant complications. Differential diagnosis of methemoglobin variants requires careful assessment, which can be problematic especially in pediatric medicine. Other variants, due to their instability, can cause more or less distinct hemolysis or thalassemia syndromes depicting serious disease patterns. Clear distinction is not always possible as several symptoms are often present. Many variants are autosomal dominant inherited.
Reading Text When Studying in a Second Language: An Eye‐Tracking Study

The authors investigated how eye movements are influenced by different reading goals in participants' first (L1) and second language (L2). Participants read or studied the contents of texts while their eye movements were recorded. One group was asked to read L1 and L2 texts as they would read any expository text (informational reading). Another group was asked to study L1 and L2 texts for subsequent tests involving true/false questions (study condition). After reading, all participants, including those in the informational reading condition, completed the true/false tests without being able to further consult the texts, which allowed the authors to investigate the extent to which reading goal and text language affect recognition memory for texts. In general, more reading time was spent on studying than on informational reading, which also resulted in higher test scores in the study condition. The L2-processing cost was larger in the study condition than in the informational reading condition: Participants needed approximately 20% more time to study L2 texts. The results of various eye movement measures suggest that this is caused by slower word recognition processes and a smaller amount of information that can be processed simultaneously in L2. This was true not only for the first reading of the text but also for the rereadings in the study condition. Interestingly, the additional time for L2 studying seemed to compensate for the less efficient processing, as the recognition test scores were the same in L2 as in L1.