Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception and management of induced pain through vaccination injection in infants aged 0-11 months in Parakou immunization sites in 2019

Background: One of the iatrogenous induced pain in infant’s remains that one of vaccination trough injection. Authors through this work are assessing the perception and management of pain experienced by infants during vaccine injection reported by their mothers in infants in Parakou’s immunization’s sites in 2019. Methods: Authors used a descriptive cross-sectional and analytical method after a non random sampling exhaustive recruitment of mothers and infants couples attending the 8 vaccination sites in Parakou town during the period of July to October 2019. Assessment was done through Evendol and NFCS pain assessment scales. Results: The average age of the 375 mothers included in our study was 27 years ± 6.44 years. The mean age of infants was 3.26 months ± 3.06 months with a sex ratio of 0.9. Of the infants vaccinated by injection, 41.60% reached a level of treatable pain and 96.42% a level of intense pain respectively through Evendol and NFCS scales. Pharmacological methods were the main methods used by mothers before and after vaccination to relieve pain in infants. Infant’s age, type of vaccine, vaccine route of administration, were the main factors influencing the expression of pain in the infant vaccinated by injection. Conclusion: Iatrogenic pain such as that linked to infant vaccination through injection must be prevented and well managed by age-appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Citation: Adedemy JD, Lalya HF, Agossou J, Kpanidja G, Makpemikpa G, Oké MB, et al. (2020) Perception and management of induced pain through vaccination injection in infants aged 0-11 months in Parakou immunization sites in 2019. Adv Pediatr Res 7:34. doi:10.35248/2385-4529.20. 7. 34 Received: December 31, 2019; Accepted: January 30, 2020; Published: February 6, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Adedemy JD, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Competing interests: The authors do not have any competing interests. Sources of funding: No funding for this research. *E-mail: kofadier@yahoo.fr
Juvenile sea stars exposed to acidification decrease feeding and growth with no acclimation potential

Ocean acidification has the potential to affect growth and calcification of benthic marine invertebrates, particularly during their early life history. We exposed field-collected juveniles of Asterias rubens from Kiel Fjord (western Baltic Sea) to 3 seawater CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) levels (ranging from around 650 to 3500 µatm) in a long-term (39 wk) and a short-term (6 wk) experiment. In both experiments, survival and calcification were not affected by elevated pCO2. However, feeding rates decreased strongly with increasing pCO2, while aerobic metabolism and NH4+ excretion were not significantly affected by CO2 exposure. Consequently, high pCO2 reduced the scope for growth in A. rubens. Growth rates decreased substantially with increasing pCO2 and were reduced even at pCO2 levels occurring in the habitat today (e.g. during upwelling events). Sea stars were not able to acclimate to higher pCO2, and growth performance did not recover during the long-term experiment. Therefore, the top-down control exerted by this keystone species may be diminished during periods of high environmental pCO2 that already occur occasionally and will be even higher in the future. However, some individuals were able to grow at high rates even at high pCO2, indicating potential for rapid adaption. The selection of adapted specimens of A. rubens in this seasonally acidified habitat may lead to higher CO2 tolerance in adult sea stars of this population compared to the juvenile stage. Future studies need to address the synergistic effects of multiple stressors such as acidification, warming and reduced salinity, which will simultaneously impact the performance of sea stars in this habitat.
Correlação de variáveis espectrais e estoque de carbono da biomassa aérea de sistemas agroflorestais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a correlacao entre variaveis espectrais e o estoque de carbono da biomassa aerea de sistemas agroflorestais da regiao de Tome‑Acu, PA. Foram testados 24 indices de vegetacao de tres grupos (razao simples, diferenca normalizada e complexos), gerados a partir de imagens do sensor TM/Landsat‑5, adquiridas em 2008. As variaveis obtidas foram correlacionadas, por meio de regressao linear simples, ao estoque de carbono de quatro classes de sistemas agroflorestais, de diferentes idades e composicoes floristicas. As correlacoes obtidas entre as variaveis espectrais e o estoque de carbono foram significativas em 47% dos indices testados e variaram de acordo com as diferencas de biomassa nos sistemas analisados. As melhores correlacoes foram obtidas pelos indices de vegetacao de razao simples e de diferenca normalizada, em sistemas agroflorestais jovens, e pelos indices de vegetacao complexos, em sistemas agroflorestais mais antigos.
Lift and drag coefficients of deformable bubbles in intense turbulence determined from bubble rise velocity

We experimentally investigate the rise velocity of finite-sized bubbles in turbulence with a high energy dissipation rate of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}\gtrsim 0.5~\text{m}^{2}~\text{s}^{-3}$. In contrast to a 30–40 % reduction in rise velocity previously reported in weak turbulence (the Weber number ($We$) is much smaller than the Eötvös number ($Eo$); $We\ll 1<Eo$), the bubble rise velocity in intense turbulence shows a surprising new behaviour: an abrupt transition from an order of magnitude slower to a factor of two faster than rising in an otherwise quiescent medium. This transition occurs when $We$ increases from below one to above one, underscoring the key role played by the turbulence-induced deformation. We also formulate a model based on bubble–eddy coupling, and the results show an excellent agreement with not only our data in intense turbulence but also other works on weak turbulence. The model also helps us to extract the lift and drag coefficients of bubbles in intense turbulence for a wide range of $We$ and Reynolds numbers in situ.
Influence of rodent abundance on nesting success of prairie waterfowl

Most waterfowl nesting failure in the prairie biome is attributed to predation. However, the contribution of small mammal abundance to the prairie predator-prey cycle and how this affects waterfowl productivity is not known. We mod- elled seasonal variability of nesting success, including a number of habitat and nest-related variables, to quantify influence of rodent abundance for prairie nesting waterfowl for six study sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada, 1996-1998. We estimated there is a curvilinear relationship between the abundance of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)) and the nesting success of ducks. The relationship has characteristics of the alternate prey hypothesis at low vole density and characteristics of the shared prey hypothesis at higher densities. At low vole densities, duck nests appear to be buffered from predation by voles but, at higher densities, nesting success was affected negatively. We recommend that predator-prey dynamics should be included as an integral part of management plans for nesting waterfowl and suggest fur- ther research using rigorous experiment design to elucidate mechanisms and pathways responsible for this observed rela- tionship. Resume´ : On attribue la plupart des echecs de la nidification des oiseaux aquatiques dans le biome des prairies ala preda- tion. Cependant, la contribution de l'abondance des petits mammiferes au cycle des predateurs-proies des prairies et son effet sur la productivitedes oiseaux aquatiques restent inconnus. Nous modelisons la variabilitesaisonniere du succesd e la nidification et incluant plusieurs variables reliees al'habitat et au nid, afin de mesurer l'influence de l'abondance des rongeurs sur les oiseaux aquatiques pendant leur nidification dans les prairies asix sites d'etude dans la region des cuv- ettes des prairies canadiennes, en 1996-1998. Nous estimons qu'il y a une relation curviligne entre l'abondance des cam- pagnols de Pennsylvanie (Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)) et le succes de la nidification chez les canards. Cette relation possede, aux faibles densites de campagnols, certains caracteres de l'hypothese des proies de rechange et, aux den- sites plus elevees, des caracteristiques de l'hypothese des proies partagees. Aux faibles densites de campagnols, les nids de canards semblent etre preserves de la predation par les campagnols, mais, aux densites plus fortes, le succes de la nidifica- tion est affectenegativement. Nous recommandons que la dynamique des predateurs-proies fasse partie integrante des plans d'amenagement des oiseaux aquatiques durant la nidification et nous proposons des recherches supplementaires avec un plan d'experience rigoureux pour elucider les mecanismes et les voies responsables de la relation que nous observons. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Soil contamination as a possible long-term consequence of war in Croatia

Abstract War in Croatia resulted in a significant release of contaminants into the environment as a result of the use of combat assets, mainly conventional, mostly aimed at civilian targets. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of metals and metalloids in the soils of eastern Croatia. Compared with soil samples from areas exposed to low intensity combat activity soil samples from areas exposed to heavy fighting had higher concentrations of As, Hg and Pb than allowed by national legislation for ecologic farming as well as even higher concentrations of Hg than the maximum allowed values for agriculture in general. Descriptive statistics shows that mean values of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, P and Ba are all higher in samples collected at the areas of high combat activity compared with the ones collected from the low combat activity areas. Sb concentration was elevated in one location, which can also be correlated with population exposure. The results of the principal component analysis suggest possible correlation between the war activity and the degree of contamination by the metals found in ammunition.
Continuing to Explore the Multidimensional Nature of Lexical Sophistication: The Case of Oral Proficiency Interviews

Lexical sophistication has been an important indicator of productive lexical proficiency for almost 30 years. Although lexical sophistication has most often been operationalized as the proportion of low frequency words in a text, a growing body of research has indicated that a number of indices such as concreteness, hypernymy, and n-gram association strengths meaningfully contribute to the construct. While the increase in available indices has expanded our understanding of the multidimensional construct, the sheer number of indices presents a practical barrier for researchers. Although some studies have begun to address this issue, most have been confined to the analysis of argumentative tasks, which are not necessarily representative of the range of tasks learners may encounter. This study therefore investigates the structure of lexical sophistication indices in a large learner corpus of English second language (L2) oral proficiency interviews (OPIs). An exploratory factor analysis identified 10 factors, 7 of which explained approximately 58% of the variance in OPI scores in a follow-up regression analysis. The results suggest that while some features of lexical sophistication (e.g., concreteness) may be task independent, others (e.g., frequency) may be task specific.
Conifer Seed Cone Proanthocyanidin Polymers: Characterization by 13C NMR Spectroscopy and Determination of Antifungal Activities

Proanthocyanidin polymers (condensed tannins) in extracts from Picea glauca, Pinus banksiana, Pinus nigra, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus taeda seed cones were isolated by chromatography over Sephadex LH-20 and characterized by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Ranging in molecular weight (MWn) from 1520 to 2460, the seed cone proanthocyanidins were comprised primarily of procyanidin monomer units with the 2,3-cis stereochemistry predominating in the heterocyclic rings. Incorporated into agar media, a proanthocyanidin polymer preparation inhibited the growth of fungal cultures of Ceratocystis coerulescens and Schizophyllum commune but not Trametes versicolor. However, under conditions more representative of those found in nature, the polymer preparation did impart significant decay resistance to T. versicolor in wood test specimens normally susceptible to decay by this fungus. It is apparent from these results that proanthocyanidin polymers contribute to the natural resistance of conifer seed cones to fungal degradation.
A Field Guide to the Ants of New England, by Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Elizabeth J. Farnsworth and Gary D. Alpert. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012. 398 pp. $29.95.

The ants are ‘the largest proportion of animal biomass in many places’. They may turn over more soil than the earthworms and are clearly important enough to justify research and study in many terrestrial sites. This book deals with the ants of New England in the extreme North-east of the United States, including Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, which have extensive natural habitats and also many areas of exploited conifer woodland and large areas of human occupation. Figure 1.2 shows the five ecoregions of New England. At the beginning of the book, the authors give an excellent account of the basics of ant evolution, behaviour and ecology. Pages 11–27 are essential reading for anyone not very familiar with ants. The subjects covered include the effects of nest shading and drainage, the activities of competitors and human alteration of habitats which is far less dominant a factor than in Britain. Chapter 3 gives advice and instructions on practical matters, ranging from pootering and making a collection of ants to photography. The bulk of this book (132 pp.) is devoted to identification of the species. At the time of writing, the ants constitute 131 species in 31 genera. Not being familiar with the species of New England ants, I tried the key on the European ant Lasius niger, and found it easy to reach a satisfactory result. The excellent keys are profusely and beautifully illustrated with both photographs and very fine drawings by Elizabeth Farnsworth. The book is indeed, as the authors hoped, ‘as much a joy to look at as to read’. An extensive bibliography of books and technical papers and of internet resources, as well as a full index, is included.
Production of ethanol from cellobiose by recombinant β-glucosidase-expressing Pichia pastoris: Submerged shake flask fermentationr

Pichia pastoris strain GS115 was engineered to express a synthetic gene encoding β-glucosidase for its use in ethanol production. β-glucosidase was expressed and secreted either as mature enzyme or N- hexahistidine (His6)-tagged fusion protein, under the control of the strong methanol inducible promoter AOX1. The recombinant β-glucosidase was partially characterized and showed properties comparable to native enzyme. The transformed yeast acquired the ability to assimilate and ferment 1% cellobiose in non aerated batch cultures. Ethanol concentrations were 2.56 g/l and 1.35 g/l which corresponded to 84% and 45% for the non-His-tagged and His-tagged transformants respectively compared to glucose fermentation. A 2.4 fold increase in ethanol production was obtained upon methanol induction of yeast cells in the fermentation medium. Key words: Pichia pastoris; Beta glucosidase; Gene cloning; Cellobiose; Submerged Fermentation; Ethanol.
Cytotoxicity of organotin compounds in different cultured cell lines

Organotin as monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) compounds are used as fungicides and anti-fouling compounds; small amounts are added to the new European Euro bills. Little is known about the toxicological profile of these compounds uptake and metabolism. We, therefore, studied the cytotoxicity of these agents in different cell lines, i.e., liver HepG2, renal LLCMK2 and ocular CEC cells. As a measure of cell growth and death, the neutral red assay and the release of LDH into the medium were used. IC50 values for growth inhibition by TBT were calculated as 160 nM in LLC-MK2, 150 nM in HepG2 and 180 nM in CEC cells; for DBT the corresponding values were higher, i.e., 500 nM DBT for LLC-MK2 cells, 300 nM for HepG2 cells and 220 nM for CE cells. ED50 values for LDH release indicating disturbances of the outer cell membrane was > 250 nM for TBT and > 350 nM for DBT in all cells. MBT was not toxic in concentrations up to 500 nM. Electron microscopic studies of cells treated with 300 nM tributyltin indicated severe mitochondrial damage with much less effect seen in other cell structures. We conclude that no differences exist between different cell lines that may serve as examples of tissues relevant for organotin exposure (eye), metabolism (liver) and specific metalloid damage (kidney). Growth inhibition was affected at organotin concentrations between 150 and 500 nM. This concentration is approximately 70-200 fold higher than values estimated in environmental samples.
The Effect of Meal-Eating on Egg Production and Body Weight of White Leghorn Chickens

Abstract S. C. White Leghorn adult females were fed a diet, with 17.5 percent protein and metabolizable energy of 3.00 kcal. /g. , under 6 different schedules for 6 weeks starting soon after the onset of egg production. Hens converted to meal-eaters and fed split schedules of two 2½-hour periods or one 4-hour period had significantly improved feed/egg ratios of 15 and 11 percent on 20 and 23 percent less food, respectively, as compared to controls fed ad libitum. Body weights on restricted schedules showed no change or a 3 to 5 percent loss, as compared to control body weight which increased 9 percent during the 6 weeks of the experiment. Meal-eaters on two 1½-hour or two 2-hour periods produced 8 percent less eggs with a total weight 20 percent less than the 22.0 kg. of eggs produced by the ad libitum fed groups. The latter restricted groups showed no significant improvement in feed/egg ratios. Following the restricted feeding schedules, the hens were observed for 8 weeks on ad libitum feeding schedules. Those previously restricted the most consumed more diet and gained enough weight to equal or exceed control values.
Etude génétique de la réaction à la pourriture brune des cabosses chez des cacaoyers (Theobroma cacao L.) issus d'un plan de croisements diallèle

La production et la pourriture brune des cabosses du cacaoyer due a Phytophthora megakarya ont ete etudiees durant 3 annees consecutives dans un essai diallele complet, 6 x 6, sans les autofecondations, plante en 1974 dans la station de Barombi-Kang (Cameroun). Les aptitudes generales a la combinaison (AGC) constituent les seules sources de variation significatives pour la production reelle et le taux de pourriture; la superiorite du geniteur UPA 134 est confirmee. Des modeles logistiques permettent de parametrer la dynamique de l'epidemie. Une analyse diallele des parametres definis selon ces modeles est proposee. Les vitesses maximales d'evolution de la maladie sont heritables et conditionnent les taux de pourriture finaux. La repartition verticale des fruits dans les arbres et la charge en cabosses des differents croisements ne permettent pas d'expliquer simplement cette divergence. Une hypothese est formulee pour expliquer les differences de classement entre les 2 modes d'evaluation du materiel vegetal : les clones a cycle de fructification court apparaissent moins sensibles au champ que lors des tests d'inoculations artificielles car l'exposition de leurs cabosses au pathogene dure en moyenne moins longtemps (Resume d'auteur)
Redescription of Strombidium coronatum (Leegaard, 1915) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotricha) based on live observation, protargol impregnation, and scanning electron microscopy

The oligotrichid ciliate Strombidium coronatum (Leegaard, 1915) Kahl, 1932 is redescribed from plankton samples taken in the Irish Sea, using live observation, protargol impregnation, and scanning electron microscopy. The species is characterized by a conspicuous, uniquelly shaped peristome, which is flat and roughly triangular and extends in the sagittal plane. The Irish Sea specimens measure ~ 45 × 25 µm in vivo and ~ 40 × 24 µm after protargol impregnation. The girdle kinety is equatorial, ostensibly continuous, and composed of ~ 100 dikinetids. The ventral kinety extends longitudinally on the posterior fifth of the cell and is composed of about five dikinetids. The adoral zone of membranelles is widely open and composed of ~ 18 collar and ~ 12 buccal membranelles; the collar portion is disconnected from the buccal portion. The shape and orientation of the opisthe's adoral zone of membranelles are apparently extraordinary, i.e., the membranelles form an inverted L-shaped stripe extending longitudinally in the elongated posterior cell portion of dividers.
Improvement of raw potato starch digestion in chickens by feeding oat hulls and other fibrous feedstuffs

Ground oat hulls significantly improved the digestion of raw potato starch for male broiler chickens. The improvement was dependent upon the level of oat hulls in the diet and the size of the oat hull particles. Rice hulls and barley hulls were as effective as oat hulls in improving raw potato starch digestion when fibre particles were larger than 1 mm in length. Wheat bran and hemicelluloses isolated from oat hulls had no effect on starch digestion. The improvement in raw potato starch digestion was accompanied by an accumulation of fibre in the gizzard and muscular hypertrophy of this organ. Broken raw potato starch granules were also observed in the gizzard contents.
Albumin Induces NF-κB Expression in Human Proximal Tubule-Derived Cells (IHKE-1)

Background: Chronic renal diseases with enhanced glomerular protein filtration are accompanied by tubulointerstitial inflammation and progression to renal function deterioration. Filtered proteins, like albumin, seem to be a pathogenic factor per se in the progression of renal diseases. There is evidence that the nuclear factor ĸB (NF-ĸB) is involved in protein-overload stimulated renal inflammatory pathomechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate albumin-induced NF-ĸB expression as well as NF-ĸB activity upon long long term exposure to albumin in human proximal tubular cells as only acute albumin-induced NF-ĸB activity has been reported so far.Methods: To investigate the hypothesis, that NF-ĸB may be involved in protein-induced renal inflammatory pathomechanisms, we exposed human renal proximal tubule-derived cells (IHKE-1) to bovine serum albumin (BSA: 50 and 500 µg/ml). The NF-ĸB and TNF-α specific mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR. NF-ĸB specific protein expression was analysed by Western blot. Reporter gene assays were performed to determine the NF-ĸB specific activity.Results: Albumin-exposure induced an increase in NF-ĸB specific mRNA expression, NF-ĸB protein expression and activity. These effects are decreased by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A. An albumin-induced increase in TNF-α specific mRNA expression as biological, inflammatory parameter associated with the albumin-induced NF-ĸB activity was detectable.Conclusion: We suggest, that albumin-exposure induces an increase in NF-ĸB and TNF-α specific mRNA expression, NF-ĸB specific protein expression and protein activity in renal proximal tubule cells in culture, which is at least in part PKC and tyrosine kinase dependent.