Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ovarian Weight, Follicle Count and Retrieved Oocyte Characteristics in West African Dwarf Goat Does Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei.

Trypanosomosis has been described as the single largest disease entity limiting livestock development in sub-Saharan Africa. The effects on ovarian weight, follicle count and retrieved oocyte characteristics in ten West African dwarf goat does (control=5, infected=5) experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei were investigated. The does were fed with elephant grass and supplement (15.23% CP) daily. Infected does received 4.8x105 T. brucei intravenously and thereafter, all does were synchronized using Lutalyse®. The results showed that the differences between control and infected does for ovarian weight (0.68±0.56 g and 0.40±0.09 g) and follicle count (10.50±1.25 and 2.50±1.22), respectively were significant (P<0.05). The difference in retrieved-oocytes-count between control (30, 57.7%) and infected (22, 42.3%) does was not significant (P>0.05). The differences in proportion between control and infected does for well-formed-oocytes (90.5% and 9.5%), completely-denuded-oocytes (30.8% and 69.2%) and proportion per group of oocytes with substantial-investment-of-cumulus (63.3% and 9.1%), respectively were significant (P<0.05). The difference in extensively-denuded-oocytes between control (38.9%) and infected (61.1%) does was not significant (P>0.05). These findings suggest that experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection caused reduction in ovarian weight and follicle count, number of oocytes as well as proportion of well-formed oocytes that are capable of supporting embryonic development.
Application of Femtosecond Laser in Anterior Segment Surgery

Femtosecond laser (FSL) is a near-infrared laser that can create reliable and reproducible tissue cutting with minimal damage to adjacent tissue. As the laser can also create incisions with various orientations, depths, and shapes, it is expected to be a useful tool for anterior segment surgery, such as cornea, refractive, and cataract surgery. In this review, the authors will introduce the application of FSL in various anterior segment surgeries and discuss the results of studies regarding the efficacy and safety of FSL in cornea, refractive, and cataract surgery. Experimental studies regarding the potential use of FSL will also be introduced. The studies discussed in this review suggest that FSL may be a useful tool for improving the prognosis and safety of surgeries of the anterior segment.
Chemopreventive effect of α-viniferin in azoxymethane-induced mouse colorectal tumor and Caco-2 cells

an anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It has been reported that up-regulated COX-2 and iNOS are expressed in colon cancer tissues of humans and rodents as well as pre-neoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of rodents. In this study, chemopreventive effects of AVF were assessed in Caco-2 cells as well as azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. Anti-tumor effect of AVF with regards to apoptotic induction was assessed by TUNEL and caspase-3 expression in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. For development of ACF, AOM was administered with to mice intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a week for 3 weeks. To induce colitis-related colon cancer, mice were administered a single dose of AOM (10 mg/kg) and 2% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water. Mice treated with 0.05 and/or 0.1 mg of AVF by gavage showed significantly reduced development of ACF and colorectal tumors. Immunofluorescence detection in Caco-2 cells showed reduced COX-2 and iNOS expression, whereas cleavage of caspase-3 and apoptotic cell numbers increased upon AVF treatment. Immunostaining showed reduced expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS expression along with increased cleaved caspase-3 expression increased upon AVF treatment. These results suggest that AVF has chemopreventive effects on colorectal cancer via anti-inflammatory potential and proapoptotic activity.
The effects of extensive listening on Vietnamese students’ listening skills

University students in Vietnam do not have enough time to practise their listening inside the classroom. Outside the classroom, they do not have chance to practice it. To supplement time constraint in the classroom, extensive listening was employed to assist students to develop their listening skills. The study aims to investigate whether extensive listening ameliorates students’ listening proficiency. Two groups of students from two intact classes: the control group (n = 32) and the experimental group (n = 32) were selected. Before the semester started, all students sat for the pre-listening test. After that, students in the experimental group were advised to listen to fifteen suggested sound files with one file for each week. They were also instructed some listening strategies to self-practise at home while students in the control group did not do any listening tasks at home. After 15 weeks, students in both groups took the post-listening test. The post-interview was conducted to explore how students practiced their listening out of school. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test. Some students in the experimental group reported that they practised listening many times and tried to learn as much vocabulary as possible.
The role of Ghrelin Receptor Expression in the Diagnosis of breast cancer

To determine the possible role of the assessment of Ghrelin receptor expression in breast tissues as a tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer and differentiate it from a benign breast tumor. A case-control studywas done on 60 female patients with breast cancer and 60 female patients with benign breast tumors (Fibroadenoma) whowere recruited from Al Imamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City and Oncology teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between May 2018 and December 2018. Immunohistochemical staining was done on the breast tissue samples obtained from patients and compared with the control group, which comprised 75 ibrocystic tissue samples obtained from age, BMI and sex-matched females. The degree of Ghrelin Receptor expression was determined immunohistochemically. The expression of Ghrelin receptors in breast malignant tumor tissues was higher than that in benign breast tumor tissues and controls, in addition to that, results obtained fromall groups revealed that Ghrelin receptor intensity and its expression proportion were strongly and signi icantly associated with the type of tissues. The expression of the Ghrelin receptor can be considered as a highly signi icant immunohistochemical marker for the detection of breast tumors and for the differentiation between both types of tumors; benign and malignant.
Proposing and Explaining a Model for Happiness in the Organization Based on National Culture (Case Study: Tehran Municipality)

The effects happiness has in the work environment for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the employees necessitate the studying and investigating of the concept of happiness in various organizations. Therefore, the current study tries to propose and explain a happiness model in the organization based on national culture. This study has been carried out using a combinatory method and in two sections; namely, the qualitative and the quantitative parts. In the qualitative section, we interviewed experts and university specialists, selected using targeted sampling method, to carry out the identification and classification. In the quantitative section of the study, we utilized the descriptive-survey method and the data gathering tool made by the researcher to elicit the views and opinions of 383 employees of Tehran Municipality, which had been selected using simple random sampling method. Then, we used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis to analyze the obtained data. The findings show that physical, psychological, spiritual, and social components are among the personal aspects of happiness based on national culture and components such as coherence and sociability are among the organizational aspects of happiness based on
Central Bank Independence, Economic Growth and Inflation: Theories and Empirical Validations

Economics theory’s assumption is that a central bank's independence from political power entails a split between political and monetary power. Such a split is unavoidable in order to control price instability without harming other macroeconomic variables such as growth or unemployment. The theory calling for central bank autonomy, started as early as the 1970s and still gaining ground, assumes the role of central banks as an arrangement sin qua non for tying the hands of government and consequently reducing inflationary bias, or even eliminating this scourge. Moreover, such a debate is mostly relevant for monetary policy, because of its inherent incredibility. Then, our aim in this study is to test the relevance of an anti-inflationary policy, reflected in freeing the central bank from the grip of political power, to combat inflation. To this end, we examine samples of developed countries (20 countries) and developing countries (37 countries) observed over the two study periods 1997-2006 and 2007-2016. We found that high-inflation countries and atypical countries biased our results, for both inflation rates and variability. This finding remains valid even after the introduction of a set of political and economic variables likely to affect inflation.
Efficacy of Curcumin with Iontophoretic Application on Paw Edema and Hematological Responses in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Models

Background According to previous studies, oral administration of curcumin elucidates anti-inflammatory effect irrespective of its poor bioavailability. This study aims to measure the efficacy of lyophilized curcumin extracts with iontophoresis in arthritic rat models. Methods Lyophilization and characterization of curcumin using the standard HPTLC method was carried out followed by induction of inflammatory arthritis in male albino rats. The animals were then treated with curcumin in three different forms, i.e., oral curcumin (OCU), oral curcumin with topical application (OCU + TOCU), and oral curcumin along with iontophoretically applied curcumin (OCU + IOCU). Various objective variables including body weight, paw edema, arthritic scores, and hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as histopathological examinations were conducted. Results All the curcumin-treated groups showed significant alleviation of arthritic condition (p∗ < 0.05) when compared with arthritic controls. Group V (OCU + IOCU) demonstrated maximum therapeutic effect by restoring the body weight, decreasing the paw edema, and normalizing the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocyte count, when compared with other experimental rat groups (p∗∗ < 0.01). Conclusions Iontophoretic administration of curcumin may ameliorate arthritic symptoms significantly, and the effect is assumed to be due to better penetration and enhanced bioavailability. Geriatrics patients are supposed to be benefited fairly by this technique.
Social psychological skill in a cross-cultural setting: A study on medical and dentistry undergraduate students

Abstract Social psychological skill deals with how people understand and predict social psychological phenomena. This skill has been shown to be positively correlated with other parameters such as cognitive reflective ability and introversion. In our study, we examined social psychological skill and its relationship with cognitive reflection ability, language preference, gender, and fear of failure in a sample of undergraduate medical and dentistry students of multiple nationalities at Jordan University of Science and Technology. A questionnaire in Arabic or English language testing participants’ social psychological skill was given to 605 participants. Fear of failing exams was assessed by measuring reported incidence of fears of failing tests in college, and the Bat and Ball problem was assessed to measure cognitive reflection. The results showed that 501 students (82%) opted to answer in their Arabic native language and 61% of total respondents were females. We found that social psychological skill was significantly and positively related to English language preference and cognitive reflection but not significantly related to less fear of failure in college exams. The obtained results are compared to existing data and conclusions are withdrawn.
Organic Cropping Systems do not Increase Weed Seed Numbers but do Increase Weed Diversity

The influence of different cropping systems on the soil weed seed bank after the first crop rotation within a five-field crop rotation (barley undersown with red clover, red clover, winter wheat, pea, potato) in three organic (Org) and in two conventional (Conv) cropping systems was investigated. In organic systems Org I and Org II cover crops were incorporated as a source of nutrient inputs to the soil and in Org II composted cattle manure was also applied. The Org 0 acted as the organic control system without cover crops and manure. The two conventional cropping systems were treated with herbicides and fungicides and differed in fertilizer application (i.e. Conv I no fertilizer use (as control) and Conv II mineral fertilizer use). In general, the lowest number of annual weed seeds was found in system Conv I, the highest in Conv II. In organic systems with cover crops (Org I, II) there was a strong tendency for decreased weed seed numbers and increased biodiversity. The highest values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index were in Org II system. In all systems the most abundant species in weed seed banks were Chenopodium album L. and Viola arvensis Murr.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION REGIMES ON THE BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF PERENNIAL GRASS MISCANTHUS × GIGANTEUS IN SLOVAKIA

Miscanthus energy grass, being one of the renewable energy sources, has suitable soil-climatic conditions for growth in the regions of Slovakia. The lifespan of a Miscanthus plantation is 15-20 years. In the specific conditions of southwestern Slovakia, the plantation productivity was studied under the application of NPK fertilizer after one third of the plantation’s lifespan. The measurement interval was 14 days throughout the growing period of the monitored years (2016-2018). Morphometric and selected ecophysiological and production parameters were analysed under three fertilization variants (C – control, V1 – variant with the application of 50 g NPK per individual and V2 – variant with the application of 100 g NPK per individual). Variant V2 had the highest values of the studied parameters in all monitored years and out of all fertilization variants. The statistical significance of differences in growth indicators between the years of cultivation and total biomass production between variants and years was confirmed. Dynamics of stomatal density per mm were determined by microrelief method in three randomly selected clumps of Miscanthus × giganteus in control and in each variant of fertilization in 2016. There are significant differences in the density stomatal density and width between the control and variants of fertilization in 2016.
Psycap as an Antecedent of Authentic Leadership and the Moderating Role of Organizational Climate

Authentic leadership develops attention as a basic component of effective leadership because the existing leadership style is not able to be part of a promising solution. The purpose of this study is to explore psycap) as an antecedent of authentic leadership development and the moderating effect of organizational climate to find answers about how to develop authentic leadership in organizations. This paper is a theoretical exploration based on a literature review and social cognitive theory is used as a philosophical analysis. This paper provides the mechanism of the positive influence of psychological capital on authentic leadership theory and the moderating effect of organizational climate variables through the viewpoint of social cognitive theory.
The Effect of Taxpayer Awareness and Tax Sanctions on Compliance in Paying Land and Building Taxes

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of taxpayer awareness and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance in paying land and building taxes in Bukit Kecil sub-district of Palembang. The population in this study is the land and building tax (PBB) that have been registered in Bukit Kecil District in 2017 as many as 8,596 people. Meanwhile, the sample in this study were 99 respondents. Data collection methods used in this study are by distributing questionnaires to respondents and using a likert scale. The data in this study were processed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 22 and using quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that taxpayer awareness and tax sanctions have a positive and significant effect on tax compliance in paying land and building taxes in Bukit Kecil sub-district of Palembang.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE BANKRUPTCY OF ENTERPRISES EXEMPLIFIED BY THE VISEGRAD GROUP

The phenomenon of enterprises bankruptcy is an extremely complex process of economic, legal, social and even psychological nature. In the developed countries, the first studies on forecasting bankruptcy date to the early 20th century. In Central and Eastern Europe, due to, among other factors, the geopolitical situation and the introduced economic system, this issue became the subject of researchers’ interest only in the 1990s. The universality and complexity of the phenomenon incline the Authors to make an attempt to identify the scale of the bankruptcy processes in the states of the Visegrad Group (V4). The countries of V4 were selected because of their common history and similar economic development. The aim of this article is to analyze the dynamics of the phenomenon of bankruptcy of enterprises in the states of the V4 Group in the years 2005–2016 on the basis of the data taken from the Credit reform reports. The estimation of trend models in time series on the basis of the bankruptcy in the Visegrad Group countries in the years 2005–2016 was used in the article as the primary research method. The descriptive analysis was also applied in the article.
Project Title: Demography of birds breeding in an urban environment: identification of source and sink populations Cooperative Agreement Number: 13420-4-J433

Urban development has proceeded at a rapid rate in the United States and elsewhere and is a significant contributor to species endangerment (Czech and Krausman 1997). Expectations are that current trends will continue well into the next century (Marzluff 2001). The “car culture” of the United States permits current urban centers to spread over much larger areas than cities of the past, and as a result, loss, fragmentation and degradation of wildlife habitat across North America has become a major conservation concern. Moreover, in the U.S. (and elsewhere), urbanization tends to occur in areas of the highest primary productivity and the richest soils (Imhoff et al. 2001). Thus, as cities grow, wildlife habitat inevitably becomes more fragmented and degraded (e.g. Theobald 2000), and it has become critical that we begin to study and better understand the behavior and population dynamics of native wildlife that reside in urban environments. Only after we understand the impact of habitat fragmentation on urbandwelling wildlife will it be possible to manage those species both for their persistence and to avoid potential negative human-wildlife interactions. With the growth of cities, and continued loss of habitat, it is conceivable that an increasing proportion of species will depend heavily on urban parks and greenspaces (P&GSs) for their continued existence.
Influence of solids contained in septic tank effluent on lifespan of soil infiltration systems

The aim of the study was to assess the clogging time according to several decisive parameters and conditions. Mathematical model describing solids’ accumulation and decomposition in a soil filter as a function of time and, for example, total suspended solids (TSS) load in septic tank effluent (STE) was presented. The calculation procedure was based on the Kozeny–Carman equation. The experimental results of the hydraulic gradient were used to estimate the infiltration velocity. The empirical data of TSS concentrations in STE were taken from the literature and own study. The analyses of the factors affecting the time of clogging of the soil infiltration system (TSS concentration, biomass density, hydraulic load, clogging layer depth) were shown. Besides the decisive factors of clogging such as TSS concentration, water content and distribution of solids in the vertical cross-section of the filter were identified also as important factors. Due to the fact that the only controllable factor is the concentration of the suspension, one should strive to use highly efficient septic tanks or polishing systems in order to obtain the lowest possible concentrations of total suspended solids in the wastewater entering the soil drainage system.
DDDT_A_216056 1391..1400

Rebecca Liu Kyle Staller 1,2 1Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel habits. It is the most common GI problem seen by gastroenterologists. IBS is a heterogenous disorder encompassing a spectrum of underlying mechanisms and clinical presentations. The pathophysiology of diarrhea-predominant form of IBS (IBS-D) remains poorly understood, and current available therapeutic options for IBS-D are limited. Eluxadoline is a novel, locally acting mixed μand κ-opioid receptor agonist and δ-receptor antagonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of adults with IBS-D. Data from two phase III clinical trials showed that approximately 25–30% of the eluxadoline-treated patients achieved composite clinical response, defined by a reduction of abdominal pain and improvement in stool consistency. Patients who achieve composite response during the first month of therapy were significantly more likely to demonstrate sustained clinical response. The most common adverse events reported with eluxadoline use were constipation, nausea and abdominal pain. The risk of abuse, dependence, or withdrawal is low. Serious adverse events associated with eluxadoline include sphincter of Oddi spasm (SOS) and pancreatitis particularly in patients without a gallbladder. Development of pancreatitis is likely secondary to SOS, but it remains unclear why pancreatitis occurs so quickly after initial doses. This adverse event profile helps guide proper selection of IBS-D patients for eluxadoline use, with important contraindications including absence of a gallbladder, biliary duct obstruction or sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, alcoholism, history of pancreatitis, or structural diseases of the pancreas. With the recent clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy, eluxadoline provides an additional option to the few existing pharmacologic interventions available for IBS-D. In this review, we discuss the drug development, efficacy and safety of eluxadoline, as well as selection criteria for identifying appropriate candidates for this medication.