Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ferric iron in magmatic clinopyroxene, Part I: re-evaluating stoichiometric estimates of iron valence with implications for clinopyroxene componentry

Clinopyroxene is a major rock forming mineral capable of incorporating a wide range of metal cations. As a consequence, clinopyroxene preserves valuable archives of magmatic processes and understanding clinopyroxene is essential for understanding Earth’s broader chemical evolution. However, knowledge about the relative abundances of ferrous and ferric iron in magmatic clinopyroxenes remains poor because it is not currently possible to routinely measure the valence of iron in clinopyroxene crystals without either separating single crystals for bulk analysis or securing access to Mössbauer spectroscopy or a synchrotron radiation source to perform in-situ microanalysis. This is despite many magmatic clinopyroxene crystals seemingly containing appreciable quantities of ferric iron, highlighting the potential for developing widely applicable clinopyroxene-based oxybarometers. Here we integrate optimised electron probe microanalysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy on endmember and single-crystal clinopyroxenes to re-evaluate previously discredited approaches for estimating clinopyroxene ferric iron contents by stoichiometry. By ensuring that all major and minor elements in clinopyroxene crystals are measured with suﬃcient precision, we show that it is possible to readily obtain stoichiometric estimates of clinopyroxene ferric to total iron contents with similar precisions to those derived from Mössbauer spectroscopy (1 σ ∼ 3.5% absolute). Being able to robustly determine clinopyroxene ferric
BANKED ALLOGENEIC IMMUNE EFFECTOR CELLS Genome-edited allogeneic donor “ universal ” chimeric antigen receptor T cells

αβ T cell receptor (TCR αβ ) T cells modi ﬁ ed to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), are now available as authorized therapies for certain B-cell malignancies. However the process of autologous harvest and generation of patient-speci ﬁ c products is costly, with complex logistics and infrastructure requirements. Premanufactured banks of allogeneic donor – derived CAR T cells could help widen applicability if the challenges of HLA-mismatched T-cell therapy can be addressed. Genome editing is being applied to overcome allogeneic barriers, most notably, by disrupting TCR αβ to prevent graft-versus-host disease, and multiple competing editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9 and base editing, have reached clinical phase testing. Improvements in accuracy and ef ﬁ ciency have unlocked applications for a wider range of blood malignancies, with multiplexed editing incorporated to target HLA molecules, shared antigens and checkpoint pathways. Clinical trials will help establish safety pro ﬁ les and determine the durability of responses as well as the role of consolidation with allogeneic transplantation.
Asymptotic boundedness and stability of solutions to hybrid stochastic differential equations with jumps and the Euler-Maruyama approximation

In this paper, we are concerned with the asymptotic properties and numerical analysis of the solution to hybrid stochastic differential equations with jumps. Applying the theory of M-matrices, we will study the \begin{document}$ p $\end{document} th moment asymptotic boundedness and stability of the solution. Under the non-linear growth condition, we also show the convergence in probability of the Euler-Maruyama approximate solution to the true solution. Finally, some examples are provided to illustrate our new results.
Genetic Sources of Resistance To Potato Blackleg Soft Rot Caused by Dickeya dianthicola

of Chapter: Plant disease phenotyping is an important step for genetic mapping experiments that usually lead to the elucidation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) when performed using an appropriate mapping population. In addition, disease phenotyping performed under greenhouse or laboratory conditions can be significantly different than the results observed in the field, which further complicates the choice of the phenotyping method. Inoculation methods used for potato blackleg and soft rot (PBSR) screening may have differing outcomes depending on the method, as observed throughout the literature. While many of the PBSR greenhouse phenotyping results vary from field observations; inoculation via vacuum infiltration have been found to correlate more closely with field observations. One of the goals of QTL mapping is the discovery of useful chromosomal regions of interest which can aid in the development of DNA markers, or to gain insight into an underlying gene or genes. In this chapter, we initiated a preliminary study to identify the underlying genetic sources of resistance to PBSR using a group of primary dihaploid Caribou Russet clones. These clones were inoculated with Dickeya dianthicola isolate ME30 via vacuum infiltration and grown for four weeks under greenhouse conditions before being assessed for disease symptoms. Due to the inability of some of the primary dihaploid lines to tuberize, a group was also inoculated via stem injection, and grown for two weeks under greenhouse conditions. Low levels of blackleg were observed in both assays, and stem injection assays resulted in no significant difference among genotypes of primary dihaploids. Two primary
Current Account Imbalances: Exploring Role of Domestic and External Factors for Large Emerging Markets

Global trade imbalances have been a focal point of discussion in international economics literature but opinions remain highly divided with respect to its origin. This paper studies the impact of relative financial development and governance institutions of key large emerging market economies (EMEs) on their current account balances (CAB) defined as surpluses vis-a-vis impact from uncertainty in foreign capital flows over 1995-2018. Changing dynamics of global imbalances, that underwent significant structural changes around the years 2000 and 2008 (Global Financial Crisis), is also studied. Panel instrumental variable (Anderson–Hsiao, 1981) estimation is used to account for endogeneity from institutions. Results show that EMEs with higher financial development as well as better governance institutions accumulate significantly lesser surpluses. This supports the hypothesis of excess precautionary savings from lack of institutions. Democratic accountability emerges as a dominant factor throughout the entire period of analysis and also yielded the highest impact on CAB during pre-2008 years. Government stability and anti-corruption measures along with financial development influenced CAB only after 2000. While surpluses are reduced with better institutions, they are, however, increased significantly with higher uncertainty in the external sector as well as with higher independence from natural resource exports. EME surpluses were increased significantly with increased volatility in net flows in overall and portfolio equity capital respectively in 2001-08 and post-2008 period, the latter showing the higher impact on portfolio flows to EMEs during unconventional monetary policy years. Results indicate that during post-2008 years significant rebalancing in EME surpluses occurred due to less intervention accompanied with lower growth and developing institutions. Policy implications follow: EMEs institutions are important instruments in correcting global imbalances, while AE policies should also take into account repercussions on EMEs through the financial and external sectors.
Unanticipated Inflation, Unemployment Persistence and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve

This paper puts forward an analytically tractable dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, with both labor and product market frictions. Frictions in the labor market arise from the power of labor market insiders to periodically pre-set nominal wages, without full current infor- mation. Product market frictions arise from monopolistic competition and staggered pricing. The model results in a dynamic expectations-augmented New Keynesian Phillips Curve (DEANKPC) that transcends the main limitations of the benchmark and hybrid NKPCs based on staggered pricing, as: (i) it is expressed in terms of unanticipated inﬂation since current inﬂation depends on prior expectations about its level; (ii) unemployment (output) and inﬂation persistence are endogenous; and (iii) the divine coincidence between the stabilization of inﬂation and employment (output) does not apply, rendering a Taylor-type interest rate rule optimal. We evaluate the dy- namic properties of the model and the empirical validity of the DEANKPC, in comparison with those of the benchmark NK model, through a simulation exercise and an empirical application for the Euro Area.
Investigating the Characteristics of Basil Seed Gum-based Film Enriched with Echinophora platyloba Extract and Its Preservative Effect on the Quality of Silver Carp

This research aimed to examine the potential of increasing the shelf life of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) fillets using basil seed gum-based film enriched by various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% /dry matter) of Echinophora platyloba extract (EPE) during a 16-day storage period. Each characteristic of basil seed gum-based films enriched by EPE followed a specific trend. The results showed that with increasing EPE, the film thickness, length to the rupture point, and antioxidant activity of film increased; however, the film with the highest concentration of EPE had the lowest solubility (19%) and tensile strength (15 MPa). The film loaded with 2% EPE overall presented acceptable physicchemical properties and was used for wrapping (optimum film). The fillets wrapped by the optimum film on the 16 th day of storage indicated a lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value (36 mg N/100 g meat) compared to the nonenriched film (60 mg N/100 g meat) as well as the control sample (65 mg N/100 g meat). The fillet sample wrapped by basil seed gum-based film enriched with 2% EPE had lower pH and thiobarbituric acid index, peroxide index, and microbial load after 16 days of storage compared to the basil seed film sample without the extract and control sample. The obtained results encourage the use of basil seed gum-based film containing EPE in active food packaging systems to extend the shelf life of silver carp fillets.
Copepods' true colors: astaxanthin pigmentation as an indicator of fitness

Pigmentation is often overlooked in zooplankton, since these organisms are mostly colorless to fit the translucid water medium. However, one of the dominant zooplankton taxa in aquatic ecosystems — copepods — often show a bright red-orange or blue coloration owing to the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in some parts of their bodies. Even though there are many functional traits describing copepod ’ s performance (e.g., size, feeding, and reproductive modes), it is surprising that the role of such a simple and visible trait as coloration has not been studied in a coherent manner yet. Here, by reviewing 95 studies, we demonstrate that carotenoid-based pigmentation (mainly caused by astaxanthin molecules) is a widespread functional trait in freshwater and marine copepods. We propose a way to disentangle the complex and thus intriguing patterns of pigment expression along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, addressing its relationship to diet quality and quantity, temperature, ultraviolet radiation stress, predation pressure, lipid metabolism, and reproduction. We show that large-scale variations in pigmentation are difficult to tackle because of the fundamental plasticity of this trait at short time scales (i.e., hours, days), and the most recent information about carotenoid bioconversion are addressed (genes and enzyme identification, and influence of microbiota). From this literature review, we hypothesize that pigments play a
Can Product Quality Improve Purchase Decisions in E-Commerce and Social Media through Customer Loyalty and Trust?

The increase in online sales transactions has continued to increase due to several factors, such as the improvement of Internet quality, the growth of start-ups in Indonesia, and the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects, which have restricted customers from making purchases offline. The research aimed to identify different types of direct and indirect influences that caused customers to make purchase decisions for fashion products and determine more dominant group (women or men) on e-commerce platforms and social media. The research applied a quantitative method. The research respondents were 244 customers who bought fashion products in e-commerce and social media. The analytical tools were Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0, convergence and discrimination invalidity for the validity test, composite reliability for the reliability test, and structural model evaluation (inner model). The findings indicate that all aspects of product quality, trust, and customer loyalty have a huge impact on buying fashion products in e-commerce and social media. Moreover, in the indirect effect, product quality affects customer loyalty through trust. Similarly, product quality impacts purchase choices through customer loyalty. Trust also affects purchase choices through customer loyalty. Then, product quality affects purchase decisions through trust. Last, product quality has an impact on purchase decisions through customer loyalty and trust. Additionally, the results of PLS-MGA show that women are more dominant in buying fashion products on e-commerce and social media than men.
Specialization and Performance in Private Equity: Evidence from the Hotel Industry∗

We show that PE sector specialists outperform generalists at every stage of the investment life cycle. Using granular data for thousands of U.S. hotels over the last two decades, we document that specialist PEs exert a greater positive influence on more margins of hotel operations, earn higher net cash flows over the holding period, and achieve larger capital gains upon exit than their generalist peers backing ex ante equivalent assets. Our results provide novel evidence on the heterogeneity of PE investment strategies and associated performance outcomes. JEL Classification: G11, G24, G32, R33.
The Fast and the Studious? Ramadan Observance and Student Performance

What are the consequences of religious obligations conflicting with civic duties? We investigate this question by evaluating changes in the performance of practicing Muslim students when end-of-secondary-school exams and Ramadan overlapped in the Netherlands. Using administrative data on exam takers and a machine learning model to individually predict fasting probability, we estimate that the grades and pass rate of compliers dropped significantly. This negative impact was especially strong for low achievers and those from religiously segregated schools. Investigating mechanisms, we find suggestive evidence that not being able to sleep in the morning before an afternoon exam was particularly detrimental to performance.
ESTIMATING ROTATOR CUFF INJURY RISK DURING REAR-END VEHICLE COLLISIONS USING OPENSIM

ESTIMATING ROTATOR CUFF INJURY RISK DURING REAR-END VEHICLE COLLISIONS USING OPENSIM Automobile collisions in the United States lead to a staggering number of fatalities and injuries every year. Rear-end collisions account for over a quarter of all injury-producing collisions and often involve shoulder injuries. There is little, if any, research utilizing modern computational human body models to analyze rotator cuff injury risk during rear-end impacts. The goal of this research is to simulate rear-end impact crash forces using OpenSim and analyze the injury mechanism and risk to the rotator cuff muscles. OpenSim is an open-source software used for biomechanical modeling and simulation that enables the analysis of muscle behaviors that are difficult or invasive to measure in vivo. The upper extremity OpenSim model used in this research represents the 50 percentile male and is used to model the BioRID-II rear impact crash dummy. The simulations utilize inputs from a dynamic seat rating rear-impact test performed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), which simulates a 16km/h change in velocity. Two simulations were performed using the same acceleration pulse, one with deactivated muscles and another with fully activated muscles. The results from the deactivated simulation were compared against the published IIHS data and the rotator cuff muscles were analyzed for injury risks. In a deactivated state, the rotator cuff muscles measured near zero forces, stresses, and strains from the impact. The glenohumeral joint does become unstable; however, the resultant forces were well below values experienced during daily living tasks. In a fully activated state, the rotator cuff muscle strains were recorded between 2.5-3.5% and the maximum stress was 1.5MPa. These values are several times lower than the published ultimate stress and strain failure values for rotator cuff tendons. The glenohumeral joint was well stabilized with fully ROTATOR CUFF INJURY RISK IN OPENSIM activated muscles. The results indicate that there are insufficient forces to damage healthy rotator cuff muscles for 50 percentile adult males, independent of muscle activation state for crash severities reaching 16.1km/h. Future research can be used to expand these results to various populations.
Development of Online Mechanics Concept Inventory (OMCI) Instrument Based on Local Wisdom

This study discusses the development of online mechanics concept inventory (OMCI) instrument based on local wisdom. The purpose of this study to determine the quality of the online mechanics concept inventory instrument based on local wisdom. The type of this research is Research and Development (RD). The developed instrument is integrated with local wisdom, so that every item has literacy as a stimulus for the question. The concept inventory instrument is one of the test tools presented online which is used to measure students' conceptual understanding. The research model used is Borg and Gall. The instrument developed were validated by expert judgment. The results of the validation assessment are in the form of qualitative and quantitative content validity. The results of qualitative validity can be seen in terms of materials obtained on an average of 99.2%, construction is averaged 93.3%, and language is averaged 97.4%. While the quantitative analysis of validity is done using Aiken's v equations obtained an average of 0.841 of valored 0.841 is so high, it is worth being used to measure understanding the conception of learners.
Static and Dynamic Analyses of Mindlin Plates Resting on Viscoelastic Foundation by Using Moving Element Method

Presented herein is a novel computational approach using the moving element method (MEM) for simulating the dynamic response of Mindlin plate resting on a viscoelastic foundation and subjected to moving loads. The governing equations and the element mass, damping and stiffness matrices are formulated in a convected coordinate system in which the origin is attached to the point of the moving applied load. Thus, the method simply treats moving loads as ‘stationary’ at the nodes of the plate to avoid updating the locations of moving loads due to the change of the contact points on the plate. To verify the accuracy of the proposed computational approach, static and free vibration analyses of plates are investigated first. Next, the dynamic response of plate resting on a viscoelastic foundation subjected to a moving load is examined. A parametric study is performed to determine the effects of the load’s velocity, foundation damping and foundation stiffness on the dynamic response of a plate. Finally, the comparisons of the dynamic response of plates resting on viscoelastic foundation and subjected to moving vehicles with three models of load (single-wheel, single-axle and tandem-axle) are discussed.
Quantitative critical thinking: Student activities using Bayesian updating

One of the central roles of physics education is the development of students' ability to evaluate proposed hypotheses and models. This ability is important not just for students' understanding of physics but also to prepare students for future learning beyond physics. In particular, it is often hoped that students will better understand the manner in which physicists leverage the availability of prior knowledge to guide and constrain the construction of new knowledge. Here, we discuss how the use of Bayes' Theorem to update the estimated likelihood of hypotheses and models can help achieve these educational goals through its integration with evaluative activities that use hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Several types of classroom and laboratory activities are presented that engage students in the practice of Bayesian likelihood updating on the basis of either consistency with experimental data or consistency with pre-established principles and models. This approach is sufficiently simple for introductory.
Financial Literacy, Attitude, Internal Control Locus, and Money-Associated Behavior of Undergraduate Students

Financial literacy becomes the guideline for its users to perform financially well. As educated users, undergraduate business students are expected to behave well in managing their money. Furthermore, to test this tendency, this study employs the financial attitude and internal control locus as additional determinants. This research also takes 150 students in the management department of business faculty at Maranatha Christian University as a population. Considering some batches utilized, this study employs stratified random sampling to take the samples. Besides, this study uses a survey method to obtain their response related to demographic and academic features, covariance-based structural equation model, and the related statistic: the probability of critical ratio to analyze the data and examine the first, second, and third hypotheses. After testing them, this investigation concludes that the more financially literate the students are, the more they behave financially. With a better financial attitude and internal control locus, the students can manage their money well.
On variance estimation for Bayesian variable selection

Consider the problem of high dimensional variable selection for the Gaussian linear model when the unknown error variance is also of interest. In this paper, we argue that the use conjugate continuous shrinkage priors for Bayesian variable selection can have detrimental consequences for such error variance estimation. Instead, we recommend the use of priors which treat the regression coefficients and error variance as independent a priori. We revisit the canonical reference for invariant priors, Jeffreys (1961), and highlight a caveat with their use that Jeffreys himself noted. For the case study of Bayesian ridge regression, we demonstrate that these scale-invariant priors severely underestimate the variance. More generally, we discuss how these priors also interfere with the mechanics of the Bayesian global-local shrinkage framework. With these insights, we extend the Spike-and-Slab Lasso of Rockova and George (2016) to the unknown variance case, using an independent prior for the error variance. Our procedure outperforms both alternative penalized likelihood methods and the fixed variance case on simulated data.