Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Detection under Stochastic Block Model Likelihood Optimization via Tabu Search â€“Fuzzy C-Mean Method for Social Network Data

Structure of network, which is known as community detection in networks, has received a great attention in diverse topics, including social sciences, biological studies, politics, etc. There are a large number of studies and practical approaches that were designed to solve the problem of finding the structure of the network. The definition of complex network model based on clustering is a non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness (NP-hard) problem. There are no ideal techniques to define the clustering. Here, we present a statistical approach based on using the likelihood function of a Stochastic Block Model (SBM). The objective is to define the general model and select the best model with high quality. Therefore, integrating the Tabu Search method with Fuzzy c-Mean (FCM) is implemented in different settings. The experiments are designed to find the best structure for different types of networks by maximizing the objective functions. SBM selections are computed by applying two types of criteria, namely Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC). The results show the ability of the proposed method to find the best community of the given networks.
Word Order in Job Interviews: The Malaysian Perspective

The present study was conducted to analyse the use of word order in job interviews. The data was collected from participants in an organisation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ten candidates of different races between the ages of 23 and 25 participated in the study. Radford’s syntactic theory of word order was employed to qualitatively analyse the data. It was found that positive sentences were predominantly used by the selected (n = 10; 47.4%) compared to the not selected (n = 10; 44.0%) and keep in view (KIV) (n = 23; 39.0%) job candidates. The findings further revealed that the types of word order used in utterances by the selected candidates were different compared to those who were not chosen for interviews. Selected candidates used more negative sentences, subordinate clauses, and time expression in sentences, whereas those who were not selected utilised adverbs of manner in negative sentences, subordinate clauses, and time expression in sentences, while the not selected candidates only used the position of adverbs. On the other hand, the KIV candidates used positive sentences, subordinate clauses and word order in questions in their utterances. The study can provide important contributions to knowledge on the use of English when developing employment course modules emphasising word order as an essential element in portraying good English language proficiency in job interviews. Keywords: Malaysia, fresh graduates, job interview, word order
Temporal Stability of Grit and School Performance in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Perspective

Grit is a construct that is related to perseverance and passion for achieving set goals. Its relationship to school performance has been widely researched although the results are not conclusive. The aim of this study was to examine the temporal stability of grit and its relationship to adolescents’ school performance. A sample of 5,371 students were evaluated at two time points, four years apart. At first evaluation, mean age was 9.9 years old (SD = 0.41), at the second it was 13.87 (SD = 0.82). A longitudinal design was used, and the data were analysed using analysis of variance, factor analysis, and structural equations models. Adolescents’ academic grit and school achievement fall between ages of 10 and 14. Adolescents with higher levels of grit had higher academic achievement. The two constructs are correlated, which is why interventions aimed at improving academic grit could be important in improving school performance.
Indigenous knowledge and the enhancement of community resilience to climate change in the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam

ABSTRACT Over centuries, ethnic minority communities in the north of Vietnam have developed complex farming systems well-adapted to their environments. Much of this is based on indigenous knowledge concerned with adapting to locally-available resources and more recently enhancing resiliency to climatic risk. This article draws from data gathered with mixed qualitative methods in ten villages in rural Bac Kan Province in the north of the country. It documents specific examples in the production of banana and medicinal plants; maize and red peanut; taro, pachyrhizus, and maize; and green bean as systems that incorporate native crops in ways that provide resistance to drought, improve water-use efficiency, benefit the soil, minimize agrochemical use, preserve culinary traditions, support gender equality, and increase the incomes of farm families living near the poverty line. Overall, this study illustrates unique ways that indigenous knowledge and agroecological farming practices can increase social, economic, and environmental resiliency, mitigate risk, and strengthen livelihoods in marginalized communities. As communities across the Global South seek answers to ever-increasing challenges brought by changes in climate, this paper argues that policymakers should revisit, support, and promote the indigenous knowledge already present in these communities to advance more sustainable futures.
A methodology to compute the critical current limit in Nb3Sn magnets

Numerous experiments have shown that the loads applied to Nb3Sn strands and cables can reduce their critical current. Experiments, performed on uniaxially loaded strands, allowed to define clear laws to describe the evolution of the critical surface as a function of the applied current, field, temperature and strain. It is, however, still unclear how these laws can be applied to superconducting magnets. The present paper proposes a methodology to estimate the critical current and temperature margin reduction on superconducting magnets due to stress on the superconducting material. The methodology is tested on the MQXF magnets, a quadrupole developed for the High Luminosity LHC project, and successfully validated by comparing computed strain with data from strain gauge measurements. Results suggested that, because of the stresses arising in winding during assembly, cool-down and powering, the current limit of the magnet is lower than the expected short sample limit, and that the most critical region does not coincide with the peak field location.
Salinity-induced changes in the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of seeds and seedlings of smooth narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd. f. indicus)

Manipol MM, Tinio CE, Maldia LSJ, Combalicer MS. 2020. Salinity-induced changes in the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of seeds and seedlings of smooth narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd. f. indicus). Biodiversitas 21: 5146-5154. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. forma indicus is a commonly planted species for reforestation in the Philippines regardless of the area’s condition. Since the species could survive in areas even with harsh conditions, it was hypothesized that the species may also thrive in areas having substantial amount of salt, especially during its early growth. This study assessed the morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses of seeds and seedlings of P. indicus Willd. f. indicus (Fabaceae), a native species in the Philippines to varying salt (NaCl) concentrations (0-300 mM). Based on the results, P. indicus f. indicus grew significantly in terms of height, number of leaves, leaf area, root collar diameter (RCD), root nodules, and root-shoot ratio in the control and at 100 mM NaCl. On the other hand, the growth of the species was suppressed at 300 mM NaCl. The physiological characteristics (germination, survival, and photosynthetic rates) were also high in the control compared to the NaCl treatments. As for the seed anatomical characteristics, the radicle cells remained undamaged, with high cell number and longer cells in the control, but showed damaged and reduced cell number and length at 300 mM NaCl. This indicates that P. indicus f. indicus can only tolerate moderate saline soil conditions. Hence, this result needs to be considered in reforestation efforts of the country using this species.
Beyond intrinsic: a call to combine scales on motivation and environmental values in wildlife and farmland conservation research

ABSTRACT It has become common to explore farmer motivations for adopting land management changes on a scale from intrinsic to extrinsic, including in studies on “motivation crowding” that examine how external incentives can undermine or reinforce a farmer’s intrinsic reasons for protecting nature. We set out to do the same in a study on riparian management for the conservation of a species at risk in Nova Scotia, Canada. In our survey of 553 farmers in Nova Scotia, we received surprising results: similar agreement with statements on motivations to use riparian setbacks when wildlife is mentioned. All these statements corresponded to internal motivations found at the intrinsic end of the scale used. We postulate that environmental values associated with ‘wildlife’ triggered the positive responses. Environmental values influence farmer motivations toward conservation. We propose future studies on farmer motivations for adopting land management changes combine a scale on motivations with a scale on environmental values.
Agronomic and health aspects of storage ponds located on a golf course irrigated with reclaimed wastewater in Tunisia.

In Tunisia, golf courses are irrigated with reclaimed wastewater stored in ponds for variable periods. The impact of storage on the sanitary and agronomic quality of the water was evaluated in two surveys conducted over one year. The water quality of the golf course ponds, operated as open ponds, was directly dependent on the flowrate and the quality of the new effluents. The faecal coliforms removal varied between 4 log. units at the end of winter and 1 log. unit in summer. Values exceeding the WHO guidelines (1989) (200 FC/100 mL) were recorded in the irrigation water. Reclaimed wastewater stored 20 days up to 8 months in two experimental closed ponds was in compliance with WHO guidelines throughout the year, i.e. 1000 FC/100 mL after a residence time of 5 to 10 days and 200 FC/100 mL after 40 days. A substantial loss of the water fertilizing potential was noticed after long storage. Storage increases the volume of water available for the dry season, and allows wider uses and unrestricted irrigation.A sequential use of the golf course ponds, with alternating closing and opening phases, would improve the water quality.
Esterification and amidation of polymeric acyl chlorides. A new route to polymethacrylates and polymethacrylamides with a variety of different side groups

This paper describes the synthesis of a number of polyacrylates, polymethacrylates and polymethacrylamides by polymer analogous esterification or amidation of polymeric acyl chlorides. The reactive prepolymers are accessible by free-radical polymerization of acryloyl or methacryloyl chloride. Prepolymers with a reduced amount of reactive groups were prepared by copolymerization of methacryloyl chloride and methyl methacrylate. Polymer analogous esterification of the prepolymers leads to polyacrylates and polymethacrylates with azobenzene, carbazole and azosulfonate side groups. The synthesis of some polymethacrylates with NLO-active side groups including photocrosslinkable materials is also described.
Economic Costs of Sharing the Harvester in the Control of an Invasive Weed

Spatial externalities, such as the sharing of harvesting equipment by many farmers, have an impact on the control of invasive species in the agricultural environment. In these cases, the regulator must design a set of measures to promote coordinated control by affected parties. We aim to analyze the determinants of private versus collective control efforts in the case of a particular invasive species (teosinte) occurring as a weed in corn fields throughout North-Eastern Spain. Using a simple discrete space-dynamic framework, we model the effect of the decisions made by the farmer of an infested plot on a noninfested plot, with the harvester being the only potential pathway for the invader to spread and assuming a one-way invasion. The results reveal that failure to adopt optimal cooperative strategies causes losses to other plots if they become infested amounting to an annual average of EUR 322/ha, when the infestation is low, and EUR 364/ha, when it is high. Results suggest that cleaning the harvester, a measure currently recommended by the regulatory agency in low-infestation cases but that does not guarantee that the machine is completely clean, is not socially optimal if monocropping practices are permitted in the region.
Incidence of complete agenesis of dorsal wall of sacral canal: study of dry human sacra

Background: The human sacrum is a large, triangular shield-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five separate vertebrae along with the inter-vertebral discs. Gross morphology of sacrum shows a concave ventral surface, a convex dorsal surface and a triangular sacral canal. The sacral canal consists of an anterior wall formed by the fusion of the posterior aspect of the bodies of sacral vertebrae and the dorsal wall is formed by the fused laminae, spines and ossified ligamentum flava. Spina bifida is a developmental defect of sacral vertebrae, where the dorsal wall of sacral canal is partially or completely absent. The present study is an attempt to verify the incidence of complete agenesis of dorsal wall of sacral canal.Methods: Eighty six dry human sacra were collected from the undergraduate students and department of anatomy of three different medical colleges of Uttar Pradesh for the study of dorsal wall of sacral canal. Results: out of eighty six bones studied, two (2.33%) of the bones showed complete absence of the dorsal wall of the sacral canal.Conclusions: Complete agenesis of dorsal wall of sacral canal may lead to partial or complete failure of caudal epidural anaesthesia. Association between dorsal sacral agenesis and some other congenital malformations have also been reported by few authors. Anatomical knowledge of these variations of dorsal wall of sacral canal is important for anaesthetists, radiologists and spine surgeons.
THE ROLE OF AFFECTIVE UPDATING IN THE COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL STRATEGY OF EMOTION REGULATION

Recent studies show that executive functions play an essential role in different strategies of emotion regulation (ER). The present study explored updating of information in working memory as a possible cognitive basis of cognitive reappraisal. Updating of affective information was examined, in particular, because cognitive tasks using affective material might be more relevant for the research relating to executive functions and ER. Sixty-three participants with mean age of 21.31 ( SD = 4.03; 61% female and 39% male) took part in the experiment. To measure affective updating, an affective version of the n -back task had been developed using emotional faces as stimuli. Cognitive reappraisal was measured with Gross Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. A positive relationship was obtained between affective updating and cognitive reappraisal. It was suggested that ER should be more strongly related to affective rather than non-affective updating because ER requires the ability to control the processing of the emotional information particularly.
High PM2.5 Concentrations in a Small Residential City with Low Anthropogenic Emissions in South Korea

High particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations have been considered a serious environmental issue in South Korea. Recent studies have focused mostly on metropolitan and industrial cities; however, high PM2.5 episodes have also been frequently observed even in small– and middle-sized cities. Thus, in this study, PM2.5 and its major chemical components were measured in a small residential city with low anthropogenic emissions for 2 years to identify the factors affecting the PM2.5 concentrations. Overall, the average PM2.5 concentration was 29.4 μg m−3: about two times higher than the annual ambient air quality standard value. In winter, when the PM2.5 concentrations were generally higher, relative humidity (RH) was significantly correlated with both PM2.5 mass and the PM2.5/PM10 ratio, suggesting that high RH promoted the formation of secondary PM2.5. In addition, SO42−and NO3− were found to be correlated with both NH4+ and K+ in winter, indicating that biomass burning was an important source in this city. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was also highly correlated with elemental carbon (EC) and K+ in fall and winter, when the burning of agricultural residues actively occurred. During high concentration episodes, NO3− exhibited the highest increase; nevertheless, other components (e.g., K+ and organic carbon) also significantly increased.
High Sensitivity Troponin T as Complementary Modality for Determining Doxorubicin Regimen Cardiotoxicity in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the role of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) as a complementary tool for determining cardiotoxicity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) regimen chemotherapy. Methods: We included 35 patients diagnosed with NHL who received CHOP chemotherapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and hsTnT were measured at two time points: before the first cycle (pre-test) and after the fourth cycle (post-test). The LVEF and hsTnT were analysed using IBM SPSS version 24 through the paired-sample T-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s correlation. Results: There was a significant difference in both LVEF and hsTnT between pre-chemotherapy and post-4th chemotherapy cycles (P = 0.001). However, more contrast difference from the baseline value of hsTnT compared to LVEF could be observed. LVEF did not detect any deterioration in myocardial function. However, 10 out of 35 subjects exhibit hsTnT higher than the 99th percentile of the population (>14 pg/ml), suggesting that myocardial injury (MI) could be detected. There was no correlation between LVEF and hsTnT (P > 0.05). Conclusion: HsTnT, together with LVEF, could complement each other and offer better coverage for detecting cardiotoxicity during the administration of CHOP in NHL patients. An insignificant correlation between hsTnT and LVEF showed that cardiotoxicity existed in a broad spectrum including cellular damage and functional impairment, as hsTnT represents cellular damage, and LVEF reflects heart functional capacity.
Contextualized Effects of Racial/Ethnic Matching Between Students and Teachers in Urban, Suburban, and Rural High Schools

Background/Context Policy makers and scholars have long called for the large-scale recruitment of teachers of color, partly based on evidence highlighting the positive effects of racial/ethnic matching between students and teachers of color on various student experiences and achievements. A more nuanced understanding of racial/ethnic matching effects moderated by contextual factors may help policy makers’ and administrators’ assignment decisions on how to consider student and teacher race/ethnicity. Purpose/Objective/Research Question This study examined the contextualized effects of racial/ethnic matching between high school students and teachers, focusing on the urbanicity of schools in the United States, by asking two main research questions: (1) What are the associations between the racial/ethnic matching of students and teachers, and students’ math achievement and self-efficacy in the United States overall? (2) What are the associations among racial/ethnic matching, math achievement, and math self-efficacy in urban schools, and do these patterns differ for suburban and rural schools? Research Design This study used restricted-use national longitudinal data provided by the NCES High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. A strategy of disaggregating data by schools’ urbanicity and three separate analyses with fixed-effect models for each urbanicity (urban, suburban, and rural) was followed to capture the variations across different schools’ urbanicity and to obtain unbiased estimates of racial/ethnic matching effects. Findings/Results Relatively lower percentages of Black, Hispanic, and Asian students were matched with their same-race/ethnicity math teachers compared with White students in all communities. This study found no supporting evidence for positive associations between racial/ethnic matching and math achievement scores and self-efficacy without considering urbanicity. Within the context of urbanicity, positive associations for math achievement were mainly found in the racial/ethnic matching of Black and Asian students taught by same-race/ethnicity teachers in suburban schools. Conversely, the racial/ethnic matching among Asian students and teachers in rural schools was significantly and negatively associated with both math achievement and self-efficacy. Conclusions/Recommendations By focusing specifically on schools’ urbanicity contexts, policy makers and education leaders should consider the relatively lower percentage of racial/ethnic matching between Black students and teachers in urban and suburban schools, and Hispanic students and teachers in urban and rural schools. As rural Asian populations grow and diversify, Asian teachers from diverse cultural backgrounds are urgently needed in these communities. Contextualized policy solutions that consider school environments and cultural differences and that challenge the one-size-fits-all approach will ultimately better address the specific and diverse needs of students of color living in different communities across the United States.
High-Tunnel Production of Strawberries Using Black and Red Plastic Mulches

High tunnels are economical season extension tools for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) growers in nonmajor strawberry producing states in the United States (US), where grower competitiveness can be increased by off-season crop production. Six June-bearing (“Camarosa”, “Camino Real”, “Chandler”, “Fronteras”, “Sensation”, and “Strawberry Festival”) and two day-neutral (“Albion” and “San Andreas”) strawberry cultivars were transplanted on 18 November 2017 and evaluated for their growth, yield, quality, and time of fruit harvest in a high-tunnel production system in Mississippi (US Department of Agriculture (USDA) hardiness zone 8a) during one growing season from fall 2017 to spring 2018. Effects of black and red plastic mulches were compared in producing strawberries. The high tunnel raised daily air temperatures, provided frost protection, and resulted in advanced fruit harvest by 4–6 weeks compared to local field production with the first ripe fruit produced in early March. “Camino Real”, “Chandler”, and “Strawberry Festival” produced similar highest total marketable yields of 483 g to 559 g per plant, with “Sensation” producing the lowest marketable yield of 215 g per plant. Red mulch decreased marketable yield in March but increased it in May compared with black mulch. Mulch type did not affect plant vegetative growth or strawberry fruit quality variables including berry size, soluble solid content, total phenolic content, or total anthocyanin content.