Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRESS AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG FATHERS OF SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN IN KLANG VALLEY

Many research articles have studied the conflicts and stress experienced by parents and mothers of special needs children with different disability such as autism, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, down syndrome and others. Unfortunately, there are lack of study focusing the experiences of Malaysian fathers of special needs children. This study aimed to examine the stress level using Parental Stress Scale (PSS) and quality of life (QOL) using WHOQOL-BREF, a short version of QOL and to study correlation between stress and quality of life. Two hundred and fifty-six (n=256) samples included fathers of special needs children (n=128) and fathers of typical children (n=128) were recruited into this cross-sectional study from centers or schools in Klang Valley. A set of questionnaire containing 3 sections were distributed via hard copies and online survey. Section 1 comprised father’s demographic data and child’ demographic data and Section 2 was a questionnaire Parental Stress Scale (PSS) to assess stress of fathers and Section 3 was WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to examine the quality of life of fathers. The demographic data, PSS score and WHOQOL score was analysed using descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, Pearson r was used to identify the correlation between stress and quality of life of fathers of special needs children. The findings of the study showcased that fathers of special needs children have higher mean stress level (M=44.50) and lower quality of life (M=14.16) and where else, fathers of typical children has lower stress level (M=39.70) and higher quality of life (M=15.41). The Person r correlation test indicated moderate negative correlation between stress and quality of life (QOL) of fathers of special needs children, r= . 328, p<0.01, two-tailed, n=128. Higher parental stress indicated lower level of sensitivity and poorer quality of parental-child relationship.
Determination of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors and Their Association with Clinical and Demographic Factors in Kenya

Background Enterococci are clinically significant because of their increasing antibiotic resistance and their ability to cause severe infections due to an arsenal of virulence genes. Few studies in the developing world have examined virulence factors that may significantly impact patient outcomes. This study describes the antimicrobial resistance profiles and prevalence of five key Enterococcal virulence genes gelE, asa, cylA, esp, and hyl in forty-four clinical Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates in Kenya and their association with patients' demographic and clinical characteristics. Results All E. faecium isolates were obtained from hospital-acquired skin and soft tissue infections. While E. faecalis was associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections. All isolates were resistant to erythromycin, whereas 11/44 (27.5%), 25/44 (56.8%), 28/44 (63.6%), 37/44 (84.1%), 40/44 (90.0%), and 43/44 (97.5%) were susceptible to tetracycline, levofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and teicoplanin, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, vancomycin, and linezolid. There was little difference in the antibiotic resistance profiles between E. faecalis and E. faecium. The prevalence of the virulence genes among the 44 isolates were 27 (61.4%) for gelE, 26 (59.1%) for asa1, 16 (36.3%) for esp, 11 (25.0%) for cylA, and 1 (2.3%) for hyl. 72.9% of E. faecalis isolates had multiple virulence genes compared to 57% of E. faecium isolates with no virulence genes. The hyl gene was only detected in E. faecium, while cylA and asa1 were only detected in E. faecalis. A significant correlation was observed between the presence of asa1 and esp virulence genes and tetracycline resistance (P=0.0305 and 0.0363, respectively). A significant correlation was also observed between the presence of virulence genes gelE and asa1 and nitrofurantoin resistance (P=0.0175 and 0.0225, respectively) and ampicillin resistance (P=0.0005 and 0.0008, respectively). Conclusion The study highlights the high levels of erythromycin resistance in E. faecalis and E. faecium, the demographic factors influencing the species distribution among patients, and the accumulation of multiple virulence genes in E. faecalis. The significant association of gelE, asa1, and esp virulence genes with drug resistance could explain the pathogenic success of E. faecalis and provides a guide for future studies.
EMPIRE: A robust empirical reconstruction of solar irradiance variability

We present a new empirical model of total and spectral solar irradiance (TSI and SSI) variability entitled EMPirical Irradiance REconstruction (EMPIRE). As with existing empirical models, TSI and SSI variability is given by the linear combination of solar activity indices. In empirical models, UV SSI variability is usually determined by fitting the rotational variability in activity indices to that in measurements. Such models have to date relied on ordinary least squares regression, which ignores the uncertainty in the activity indices. In an advance from earlier efforts, the uncertainty in the activity indices is accounted for in EMPIRE by the application of an error‐in‐variables regression scheme, making the resultant UV SSI variability more robust. The result is consistent with observations and unprecedentedly, with that from other modeling approaches, resolving the long‐standing controversy between existing empirical models and other types of models. We demonstrate that earlier empirical models, by neglecting the uncertainty in activity indices, underestimate UV SSI variability. The reconstruction of TSI and visible and IR SSI from EMPIRE is also shown to be consistent with observations. The EMPIRE reconstruction is of utility to climate studies as a more robust alternative to earlier empirical reconstructions.
Hilbert space Lyapunov exponent stability

We study cocycles of compact operators acting on a separable Hilbert space and investigate the stability of the Lyapunov exponents and Oseledets spaces when the operators are subjected to additive Gaussian noise. We show that as the noise is shrunk to 0, the Lyapunov exponents of the perturbed cocycle converge to those of the unperturbed cocycle, and the Oseledets spaces converge in probability to those of the unperturbed cocycle. This is, to our knowledge, the first result of this type with cocycles taking values in operators on infinite-dimensional spaces. The infinite dimensionality gives rise to a number of substantial difficulties that are not present in the finite-dimensional case.
A Large Sample of Spectroscopic Redshifts in the ACS-GOODS Region of the Hubble Deep Field North

We report the results of an extensive spectroscopic survey of galaxies in the roughly 160 arcmin2 ACS-GOODS region surrounding the Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N). We have identified 892 galaxies or stars with z′ < 24, R < 24.5, or B < 25 in the region. The spectra were obtained with either the DEIMOS or LRIS spectrographs on the Keck 10 m telescopes. The results are compared with photometric redshift estimates and with redshifts from the literature, as well as with the redshifts of a parallel effort led by a group at Keck. Our sample, when combined with the literature data, provides identifications for 1324 sources. We use our results to determine the redshift distributions with magnitude, to analyze the rest-frame color distributions with redshift and spectral type, and to investigate the dependence of the X-ray galaxy properties on the local galaxy density in the redshift interval z = 0–1.5. We find the rather surprising result that the galaxy X-ray properties are not strongly dependent on the local galaxy density for galaxies in the same luminosity range.
Poisson structures of divisor-type.

Poisson structures of divisor-type are those whose degeneracy can be captured by a divisor ideal, which is a locally principal ideal sheaf with nowhere-dense quotient support. This is a large class of Poisson structures which includes all generically-nondegenerate Poisson structures, such as log-, $b^k$-, elliptic, elliptic-log, and scattering Poisson structures. Divisor ideals are used to define almost-injective Lie algebroids of derivations preserving them, to which these Poisson structures can be lifted, often nondegenerately so. The resulting symplectic Lie algebroids can be studied using tools from symplectic geometry. In this paper we develop an effective framework for the study of Poisson structures of divisor-type (also called almost-regular Poisson structures) and their Lie algebroids. We provide lifting criteria for such Poisson structures, develop the language of divisors on smooth manifolds, and discuss residue maps to extract information from Lie algebroid forms along their degeneraci loci.
Characterization of the structure and cross‐shore transport properties of a coastal upwelling filament using three‐dimensional finite‐size Lyapunov exponents

The three dimensional structure, dynamics and dispersion characteristics of a simulated upwelling filament in the Iberian upwelling system are analyzed using Lagrangian tools. We used a realistic regional simulation of the western Iberian shelf which is concomitant with an in-situ oceanographic campaign that surveyed the area. We compute 3d fields of finite--size Lyapunov exponents (FSLE) from 3d velocity fields and extract the field's ridges to study the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) evolving around the filament. We find that the most intense curtain-like LCSs delimit the boundaries of the whole filamentary structure whose general properties match well the observations. The filament interior is characterized by small dispersion of fluid elements. Furthermore, we identify a weak LCS separating the filament into a warmer vein and a colder filament associated with the interaction of a mesoscale eddy with the upwelling front. The cold upwelled water parcels move along the filament conserving their density. The filament itself is characterized by small dispersion of fluid elements in its interior. The comparison of LCSs with potential temperature and salinity gradient fields shows that the outer limits of the filament coincide with regions of large hydrographic gradients, similar to those observed, explaining the isolation of the interior of the filament with the surrounding waters. We conclude that the Lagrangian analysis used in this work is useful in explaining the dynamics of cross-shore exchanges of materials between coastal regions and the open ocean due to mesoscale processes.
Prony’s method on the sphere

Eigenvalue analysis based methods are well suited for the reconstruction of finitely supported measures from their moments up to a certain degree. We give a precise description when Prony's method succeeds in terms of an interpolation condition. In particular, this allows for the unique reconstruction of a measure from its trigonometric moments whenever its support is separated and also for the reconstruction of a measure on the unit sphere from its moments with respect to spherical harmonics. Both results hold in arbitrary dimensions and also yield a certificate for popular semidefinite relaxations of these reconstruction problems.
Aldous diffusion I: a projective system of continuum $k$-tree evolutions

The Aldous diffusion is a conjectured Markov process on the space of real trees that is the continuum analogue of discrete Markov chains on binary trees. We construct this conjectured process via a consistent system of stationary evolutions of binary trees with $k$ labeled leaves and edges decorated with diffusions on a space of interval partitions constructed in previous work by the same authors. This pathwise construction allows us to study and compute path properties of the Aldous diffusion including evolutions of projected masses and distances between branch points. A key part of proving the consistency of the projective system is Rogers and Pitman's notion of intertwining.
The $1/N$ expansion for SO(N) lattice gauge theory at strong coupling

The $1/N$ expansion is an asymptotic series expansion for certain quantities in large-$N$ lattice gauge theories. This article gives a rigorous formulation and proof of the $1/N$ expansion for Wilson loop expectations in SO(N) lattice gauge theory in the strong coupling regime in any dimension. The terms in the expansion are expressed as sums over trajectories of strings in a lattice string theory, establishing an explicit gauge-string duality. The trajectories trace out surfaces of genus zero for the first term in the expansion, and surfaces of higher genus for the higher terms.
Injective envelopes and the intersection property

We consider the ideal structure of a reduced crossed product of a unital C∗-algebra equipped with an action of a discrete group. More specifically we find sufficient and necessary conditions for the group action to have the intersection property, meaning that non-zero ideals in the reduced crossed product restrict to non-zero ideals in the underlying C∗-algebra. We show that the intersection property of a group action on a C∗-algebra is equivalent to the intersection property of the action on the equivariant injective envelope. We also show that the centre of the equivariant injective envelope always contains a C∗-algebraic copy of the equivariant injective envelope of the centre of the injective envelope. Finally, we give applications of these results in the case when the group is C∗-simple.
The polynomial endomorphisms of graph algebras

We investigate polynomial endomorphisms of graph $C^*$-algebras and Leavitt path algebras. To this end, we define and analyze the coding graph corresponding to each such an endomorphism. We find an if and only if condition for the endomorphism to restrict to an automorphism of the diagonal MASA, which is stated in terms of synchronization of a certain labelling on the coding graph. We show that the dynamics induced this way on the space of infinite paths (the spectrum of the MASA) is generated by an asynchronous transducer.
On Hirano inverses in rings

We introduce and study a new class of Drazin inverses. An element $a$ in a ring $R$ has Drazin inverse $b$ if $a^2-ab\in N(R)$, $ab=ba$ and $b=bab$. Every Hirano inverse of an element is its Drazin inverse.We drive several characterization for this generalized inverse.
Temperature-dependent refractive index of silicon and germanium

Silicon and germanium are perhaps the two most well-understood semiconductor materials in the context of solid state device technologies and more recently micromachining and nanotechnology. Meanwhile, these two materials are also important in the field of infrared lens design. Optical instruments designed for the wavelength range where these two materials are transmissive achieve best performance when cooled to cryogenic temperatures to enhance signal from the scene over instrument background radiation. In order to enable high quality lens designs using silicon and germanium at cryogenic temperatures, we have measured the absolute refractive index of multiple prisms of these two materials using the Cryogenic, High-Accuracy Refraction Measuring System (CHARMS) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, as a function of both wavelength and temperature. For silicon, we report absolute refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) at temperatures ranging from 20 to 300 K at wavelengths from 1.1 to 5.6 μm, while for germanium, we cover temperatures ranging from 20 to 300 K and wavelengths from 1.9 to 5.5 μm. We compare our measurements with others in the literature and provide temperature-dependent Sellmeier coefficients based on our data to allow accurate interpolation of index to other wavelengths and temperatures. Citing the wide variety of values for the refractive indices of these two materials found in the literature, we reiterate the importance of measuring the refractive index of a sample from the same batch of raw material from which final optical components are cut when absolute accuracy greater than ±5 x 10-3 is desired.
External versus internal triggers of bar formation in cosmological zoom-in simulations

The emergence of a large-scale stellar bar is one of the most striking features in disc galaxies. By means of state-of-the-art cosmological zoom-in simulations, we study the formation and evolution of bars in Milky Way-like galaxies in a fully cosmological context, including the physics of gas dissipation, star formation, and supernova feedback. Our goal is to characterise the actual trigger of the non-axisymmetric perturbation that leads to the strong bar observable in the simulations at z=0, discriminating between an internal/secular versus an external/tidal origin. To this aim, we run a suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations altering the original history of galaxy-satellite interactions at a time when the main galaxy, though already bar-unstable, does not feature any non-axisymmetric structure yet. We find that the main effect of a late minor merger and of a close fly-by is to delay the time of bar formation and those two dynamical events are not directly responsible for the development of the bar and do not alter significantly its global properties (e.g. its final extension). We conclude that, once the disc has grown to a mass large enough to sustain global non-axisymmetric modes, then bar formation is inevitable.
Light Absorption in Arctic Sea Ice: Chlorophyll and Black Carbon

Arctic sea ice extent has declined continuously for the past decade, owing partially to light absorption by black carbon (BC) and other impurities deposited on snow and the underlying pack. We present simulations for the contemporary period showing that the optical depth contributed by Arctic ice algal chlorophyll may be comparable during Boreal Spring to the corresponding values attributable to BC. The largest chlorophyll attenuation is obtained in the bottom layer, which supports pigment concentrations of about 300 to 1000 mg/m3 in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk. However, chlorophyll concentrations for the ice interior in regions north of 75{\deg} N and across the Canadian Archipelago are less than 0.1 micro g/m3. Freeboard and infiltration communities lead to intermediate levels of light removal. Since BC works its way downward from the atmospheric interface, there will be regions where it appropriates photosynthetic capability. Where ice thicknesses permit significant penetration through the pack column the ice algae may be crucial absorbers. We propose a continuous increase in relative chlorophyll activity and attenuation in the future, as biological activity becomes stronger in thin ice toward the center of the Arctic basin. A shift in relative importance of the two absorber types could occur as total BC mixing ratios are reduced because of environmental advocacy.
Weak convergence of particle swarm optimization

Particle swarm optimization algorithm is a stochastic meta-heuristic solving global optimization problems appreciated for its efficacity and simplicity. It consists in a swarm of particles interacting among themselves and searching the global optimum. The trajectory of the particles has been well-studied in a deterministic case and more recently in a stochastic context. Assuming the convergence of PSO, we proposed here two CLT for the particles corresponding to two kinds of convergence behavior. These results can lead to build confidence intervals around the local minimum found by the swarm or to the evaluation of the risk. A simulation study confirms these properties.
The alternating block decomposition of iterated integrals and cyclic insertion on multiple zeta values

The cyclic insertion conjecture of Borwein, Bradley, Broadhurst and Lisoněk states that by inserting all cyclic permutations of some initial blocks of 2’s into the multiple zeta value ζ(1, 3, … , 1, 3) and summing, one obtains an explicit rational multiple of a power of π. Hoffman gives a conjectural identity of a similar flavour concerning $ 2 \zeta(3,3,\{2\}^m) - \zeta(3,\{2\}^m,1,2) $. In this paper, we introduce the ‘generalized cyclic insertion conjecture’, which we describe using a new combinatorial structure on iterated integrals—the so-called alternating block decomposition. We see that both the original BBBL cyclic insertion conjecture, and the Hoffman’s conjectural identity, are special cases of this generalized cyclic insertion conjecture. By using Brown’s motivic MZV framework, we establish that some symmetrized version of the generalized cyclic insertion conjecture always holds, up to a rational; this provides some evidence for the generalized conjecture.
Characterization of spin wave propagation in (1 1 1) YIG thin films with large anisotropy

We report on long-range spin wave (SW) propagation in nanometer-thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film with an ultralow Gilbert damping. The knowledge of a wavenumber value |k→| is essential for designing SW devices. Although determining the wavenumber |k→| in experiments like Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy is straightforward, quantifying the wavenumber in all-electrical experiments has not been widely commented upon so far. We analyze magnetostatic spin wave (SW) propagation in YIG films in order to determine the SW wavenumber |k→| excited by the coplanar waveguide. We show that it is crucial to consider the influence of magnetic anisotropy fields present in YIG thin films for precise determination of SW wavenumber. With the proposed methods we find that experimentally derived values of |k→| are in perfect agreement with that obtained from electromagnetic simulation only if anisotropy fields are included.
Simulating Ellerman bomb-like events

Context. Ellerman bombs (EB) seem to be a part of a whole spectrum of phenomena that might have the same underlying physical mechanism: magnetic reconnection. Aims. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the proposed mechanism, applied to the circumstances of EBs, produces the observed characteristics. Methods. To this end, comprehensive three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (3D MHD) simulations were used. Two different cases are presented: the quiet Sun and an active region. Results. Both runs confirm that EB-like brightenings coincide with hot and dense plasma, which is in agreement with predictions of 1D and 2D modellings. The simulated EB-like phenomena assume the observed flame-like form which depends on the complexity of the ongoing reconnection and the viewing angle. At the layers sampled by Hα -wings, near temperature minimum and below, the magnetic field topology seems always to be the same. The field lines there trace the base of the current sheet and the reconnected Ω-loops. Conclusions. The EB features are caused by reconnection of strong-field patches of opposite polarity in the regions where the surface flows are the strongest. The weakest cases among them can be reproduced quantitatively by the current simulations.