Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Knowledge and Behaviors of Undergraduate Students

Poor dietary behavior can lead to various chronic health conditions, such as heart disease and obesity. Because dietary intake takes time to impact health, observing diet knowledge in college students can be beneficial. This study sought to measure whether greater nutritional knowledge would translate to a healthier dietary intake. Nutritional knowledge and behavior were measured and then compared in 257 students in two different undergraduate classes - an introductory nutrition course and a standard biology course - which was the control group. Each class was given the same survey at the beginning and end of the fall semester. Results indicated that the knowledge of the recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake, per the USDA, did not improve throughout the semester. There was no significant change in nutrition students that consumed vegetables daily, however the number of students that consumed fruit daily increased by 5%. Knowledge regarding saturated fats increased by 15%. The nutrition students decreased their saturated fat consumption by 1g, which placed their saturated fat intake at 10.2 g per day. Nutrition education had a positive impact on nutritional knowledge and did translate to the students’ diets in some aspects of nutrition, but not all of them. This indicates that nutritional knowledge is an effective way to improve dietary behavior, however knowledge is not always the only factor that will change behavior.
The Effects Of Cardiorespiratory Fitness And Total Body Fatness On Arterial Stiffness In Healthy Overweight And Non-Overweight Children And Adolescents

Our objective was to determine whether increased central aortic stiffness is associated with decreased cardiorespiratory fitness or increased adiposity in healthy children. Seventy 7-to-17-year-old children were studied. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and brachial systolic blood pressure were compared according to quartiles of ratio-scaled oxygen uptake at first ventilatory threshold (VO2 at VT1), body fat percentage, and body mass index. A separate ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 post-hoc tests for multiple comparisons of quartiles was conducted for each dependent variable, with each comparison evaluated at an alpha level of 0.05. Our results are in line with previous literature suggesting that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and lower body mass index are associated with lower central arterial stiffness. In particular, VO2 at VT1 normalized for fat-free mass was inversely associated with cfPWV. Moreover, contrary to some of the present literature, our findings suggest there is no difference in arterial stiffness between the lowest and the highest body fat percentage.
Everyday life and energy demand during UK greenfield and urban music festivals

Environmental sustainability at music festivals has been a focus of both academic and industry concern in recent years. However, work to improve sustainability, and address carbon emissions arising from energy demand at festivals, has predominantly focused upon the quantification of energy use at greenfield festivals and designing behaviour change interventions for festival organisers to implement. Rather than seeking to quantify the outcomes (energy use and carbon emissions) of what people do, I adopt a practice theory approach in order to open up new areas for consideration and ask questions about the composition of music festivals and the dynamics of their energy demand that have been underaddressed or overlooked in existing work. I adopt a multi-methods approach, comprising interviews with people involved in organising and running music festivals, observations of two greenfield and three urban music festivals and research into secondary sources on the history of greenfield music festivals. I argue that everyday life at greenfield festivals is made up of varied, interconnected and dynamic social practices that have evolved through repeated performances both at and outside of festivals. I also demonstrate that materiality is central to the performance of these practices, arguing that it is crucial to understand the provisioning of materials as it sequences and recursively shapes the performance of everyday life practices. I also consider how the various material settings in which everyday life is enacted during music festivals also affects everyday life. Exploring how everyday life is lived during both UK greenfield and urban music festivals generates insights into how festival organisers attend to the energy demanding practices of festival-goers, resulting in disproportionate attention to the (un)sustainability of greenfield festivals. By investigating how energy use arises from the performance of everyday life practices, my research takes a step towards understanding the social embeddedness of the energy demand of music festivals. This indicates possible directions of change in the provision for and performances of practices at greenfield music festivals and points to the recursive relationships between different aspects of festival-goer and festival organiser provisioning and marketplace competition that are driving this change.
Elements of a flexible information architecture: A South African perspective

Background: For an organisation to remain competitive, it needs to be aware of, anticipate and adapt to the dynamically changing business environment. Based on the literature study, the research proposes that information and the flexible architecture thereof should be regarded as a core capability of the organisation. Objectives: The objective of this research article was to identify the elements that are used to measure the effectiveness of an information architecture. The research furthermore postulates that the elements should be utilised as a design approach in the conceptualisation of a flexible alternative information architecture. Method: A qualitative mono-method research methodology was utilised to investigate which elements are used by experts in the field to measure the effectiveness of information architectures. The Delphi technique was used to collect data from a purposive sample of experts in the field of information architecture. Results: Based on the literature review and the results of the Delphi technique, the components identified by the expert panel as alternative elements of an information architecture included contextualisation, audit, governance, flexibility and administration. Conclusion: Considering information architecture as more than just a concept, and extending the notion to a design philosophy, the application and use of the identified elements may contribute to the longevity of the organisation. Thus, the alignment and realignment of the information architectural elements of the organisation will fuel informational flexibility.
Cultural values and practices: the pillars of heritage language maintenance endeavours within an immigrant multilingual Malayali community in the UK

ABSTRACT The widespread marginalisation of heritage languages in public and political discourse coupled with the association of proficiency in host languages with personal and professional gain have led many diasporic communities to shy away from transmitting their heritage languages at home (Curdt-Christiansen 2016): a context considered to be optimal for minority language maintenance (Vaccarino 2011). This does not imply however that attempts-on the part of migrants-to keep alive their heritage languages, are non-existent. Demonstrating a harmonious convergence between their everyday language practices and the above-mentioned assumption that the home is a ‘stronghold' for heritage language use (Pauwels 2016 p.90) are a Malayali community based in Yorkshire, England. Making this a possibility was their commitment towards maintaining certain cultural practices and values associated with the first-generation migrants' country of origin, India. Drawing on semi-structured interview responses, observational field notes and audio-recorded family conversations obtained from this community, what I thus propose in this paper is that these cultural values and practices form the pillars that support the Malayalis’ attempts to preserve their heritage language Malayalam. Furthermore, my findings suggest the agents behind these endeavours to pan across three generations, in two countries: the UK and India.
Jazz Improvisation and Somatic Experience

In this article I investigate musical improvisation from a somaesthetic perspective. I first provide a reconstruction of somaesthetics’ relationship to music and explain why, in dealing with improvisation, I mostly focus on jazz. Then I connect the question of improvisation to the pragmatist attempt to reconcile art and life, and argue that improvised music can be understood as somatic knowledge. Finally, I exemplify my ideas by referring to jazz drumming and the improvisational capacities that it allows to display and that are of interest for theoretical, practical and pragmatic somaesthetics.
Using Value-Focused Thinking and Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making to Evaluate Energy Transition Alternatives

The future transformation of the energy system is a contentious topic, involving a variety of conflicting opinions and interests. In order to structure and evaluate these opinions, we develop a group decision-making process with professional stakeholders and energy experts. The aim of this process is to develop a common objective system for the energy transition and to evaluate four possible energy transition alternatives for Germany until 2030. The stakeholders are involved in every step of the decision-making process – the development of the alternatives, the definition of the objective system, and the final evaluation of the alternatives. We apply Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) to define and structure the objectives of the stakeholders and use Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to evaluate the preferences of the stakeholders towards these objectives. The results show that a majority of the stakeholders prefers the energy transition alternative, which has the highest ambitions to limit climate change. A minority prefers the pan-European alternative where Germany’s power system is further integrated into the European energy system.
Fetal ECG waveform analysis in labour

Purpose ST analysis of the fetal ECG has emerged from experimental and observational studies to clinical use based on the outcome of two large randomised controlled trials and an EU supported project on the structured dissemination of knowledge and experience by establishing regional centres of excellence. The review focus on the outcome from the host of studies and those recently published. Recent findings The database is dominated by the Swedish RCT demonstrating not only improved outcome with regard to cord artery metabolic acidosis and less operative interventions for non-reassuring fetal state but most importantly the marked and significant reduction in the risk of neonates showing signs of moderate/severe neonatal encephalopathy. The first report from the EU project is presented verifying the clinical relevance of the STAN methodology. The outcome of the large EU project of 8000 deliveries confirms the observations of the RCTs. A study on the outcome shows improvements in accuracy and consistency among clinicians when automated ST analysis is added to the fetal heart rate trace. Summary After years of dedicated research, it appears as if ST analysis of the fetal ECG has become an additional source of information allowing detailed analysis of fetal responses and more accurate identification of a non-reassuring fetal status. The technology provides continuous information throughout labour. As with any new methodology, structured efforts on training and user feedback are required to fully implement the STAN methodology in clinical practice.
Développement expérimental d’un capteur inertiel multi-axe à atomes froids hybride embarquable

Ce manuscrit presente le developpement experimental d’un capteur inertiel a atomes froids mesurant l’acceleration de pesanteur, la composante verticale du gradient de gravite et l’acceleration horizontale, en choisissant des technologies qui permettent d’obtenir un capteur inertiel embarquable et hybride avec des capteurs classiques. Le dispositif experimental genere un nuage d’atomes froids de 87Rb, permet d’effectuer des sequences d’interferometrie verticales et horizontales avec des transitions Raman stimulees retroreflechies contra-propageantes, et permet une distance de chute libre maximale de 20 cm. La mesure de l’acceleration de pesanteur a ete obtenue avec une sensibilite de 68 μGal/Hz1/2 et une resolution optimale de 1,4 μGal apres 6000 s d’integration. La sequence d’interferometrie a quatre impulsions Raman pi/2 − pi −pi − pi/2 a ete utilisee pour mesurer le gradient de gravite. Les effets systematiques ont ete etudiees afin d’obtenir l’exactitude de la mesure. Notre mesure extrapolee avec une chute libre de 1 metre et limitee par le bruit de projection quantique permettrait d’atteindre des sensibilites de l’ordre de 13 E/Hz1/2, du meme ordre que l’etat de l’art. Cette methode est interessante pour un capteur embarquable car elle est facile a mettre en place, et elle est insensible a la force de Coriolis, qui cause une grosse chute de contraste pour un interferometre Mach-Zehnder en dynamique. Cette methode peut etre utilisee pour la mesure de rotation dans un capteur inertiel embarque. Une mesure de l’acceleration horizontale a ete effectuee en simple diffraction avec des faisceaux lasers Raman horizontaux contra-propageants et retro-reflechis. Pour lever la degenerescence des deux paires Raman selon l’axe horizontal avec des atomes ayant une vitesse faible, une rampe de frequence est appliquee sur les faisceaux Raman. Elle a permis de realiser un interferometre Mach-Zehnder horizontal. Hybride avec un accelerometre classique, une mesure de l’acceleration horizontale a ete obtenue avec une sensibilite de 3, 2×10−5 m.s −2/Hz1/2 et une resolution optimale de 2−6 m.s−2 apres 1000 s d’integration. Cette methode est interessante pour un capteur embarquable car le dispositif experimental reste simple, et elle permet d’effectuer une sequence d’interferometrie a quatre impulsions avec le meme dispositif pour effectuer une mesure de rotation horizontale.
Veterans with Early Psychosis: A Comparison of Veterans and Non-veterans

Author: White, Dominique, A. PhD Institution: Purdue University Degree Received: August 2018 Title: Veterans with Early Psychosis: A Comparison of Veterans and Non-Veterans Major Professor: Michelle Salyers Aim: Early psychosis has been identified as period during which rapid identification and treatment can lead to significant improvement in clinical and functional outcomes. Despite increased research, no studies have examined early psychosis in Veteran populations. It is unknown whether Veterans differ from non-Veterans at this stage of the disorder, and if the treatments offered to non-Veterans are appropriate to implement in Veteran Affairs Medical Centers. Given differences that appear between Veterans and non-Veterans in chronic psychosis, additional work is necessary to determine the best way to approach specialized treatment for Veterans experiencing early psychosis. Methods: The current study is a secondary analysis of assessment batteries collected at a community-based early intervention program and at a local Veteran Affairs Medical Center. Assessment results were compared for Veterans’ and non-Veterans’ background characteristics, symptoms, and neurocognitive deficits. Results: Significant differences were found between the two samples on age of illness onset, marital status, education level, positive symptoms of psychosis, and neurocognitive functioning. Logistic regression analyses identified age of onset as a potential underlying factor. Conclusions: While some aspects of illness presentation appear similar between Veterans and non-Veterans, there are important differences between these populations. Pre-existing treatment interventions, such as Social Skills Training, cognitive remediation approaches and cognitive behavior therapy for
Composite proton exchange membranes produced using chitosan and kaolin solvent-free fluid

Abstract In this study, composite membranes produced by combining both biopolymer chitosan (CS) and kaolin solvent-free fluid (kaolin-SF) were used as substitutes for the electrolyte membranes in direct-methanol fuel cells. To improve the interfacial morphologies between organic and inorganic substances, kaolin-SF was prepared using the ion exchange method. Subsequently, kaolin-SF of various doping proportions was mixed with CS crosslinked with sulfuric acid to produce thin membranes. The results of heat exhaustion and scanning electron microscope image analysis indicated that kaolin-SF was successfully doped into the CS polymer substrates, and this addition enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the CS polymer substrates. As long as the concentration of kaolin-SF was below 5 wt. %, the water absorption rate and proton conductivity of the CS/kaolin-SF composite membranes increased along with the kaolin-SF content. These results indicate that CS/kaolin-SF composite membranes are suitable for practical applications.
Sensory and some chemical characteristics of olive oils produced in Libya

Libya is one of the considerable olive oil producers in North Africa. The consumption of olive oil in this country is part of the cultural heritage and a large number of individual manufacturers produce oil applying the process of cold pressing. The aim of this work was to determine the sensory profile and some main chemical characteristics, as free fatty acids, peroxide value, total phenols content and induction period of virgin olive oils. Oil samples were extracted from a blend of three olive cultivars typical for Libya: Roghiani, Hammudi and Endori, harvested in five different regions of northern Libya in the crop year 2015. Obtained results have shown that investigated olive oil samples were characterized by different sensory profile and chemical characteristics, due to peculiar effect of harvest areas of olive fruit. On the basis of investigated attributes, some oils were of excellent quality, but other were under. The free fatty acid contents varied between 0.73% to 2.78 % of oleic acid, peroxide values ranged from 6.40 mml/kg to 13.65 mmol/kg and induction period from 4.89 h to 18.33 h. The content of total phenols, as especially important compound for health benefit of olive oil, was also significantly various, from 56.0 to 238.3 mg GAE/kg of oil. It can be concluded that the oil from Gharyan production region was quite different from the other Libyans? olive oils. This oil had the best sensory profile, basic chemical quality, oxidative stability and the highest phenolic content.
A guide to neuropsychological testing for health care professionals

Reasoning and Problem Solving (Executive Function): This domain includes the ability to develop concepts or abstractions and find solutions to problems that require some form of reasoning ability. Conceptual flexibility and capacity to spontaneously form concepts based upon experience with test stimuli are often assessed. Executive function is a broader concept that sometimes involves regulation of motor activity or capacity for productivity. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a nonverbal abstract reasoning test, is probably the most commonly used test in this domain. Spatial-Constructional Abilities: This domain involves the ability to represent spatial relations and to construct objects in space. Abilities to analyze spatial material and to produce constructions in three-dimensional space are often assessed. The Block Design subtest from the 10 Part
Risk Factors Affect Long-Term Compliance to Coumadin Treatment (Self-Reporting)

Abstract Low compliance to a prescribed Coumadin treatment can result in negative health outcomes. In this study we aimed to evaluate risk factors affecting patient compliance to Coumadin. For this purpose, two study phases were performed: Phase 1: a retrospective eight-year follow-up of databases from health care services; and Phase 2: a cross-sectional study with telephone interviews. A Total Compliance Index was constructed using the number of Coumadin purchases (40%), international standardised ratio (INR) tests (40%), and average INR values (20%). Multiple models for the Total Compliance Index were constructed using socio-demographic, treatment-related, and health care utilisation variables, use of drugs, patient-physician relationships and patient’s quality of life. 78.5 ± 3.4% of patients in the total population were non-compliant in the retrospective phase of the study, and 53.2% in the second, cross-sectional phase. Total Compliance Index was significantly associated with older age, number of doctor visits, and drugs from group C. We suggest that the Total Compliance Index for other drugs can be utilised as well.
Non-invasive monitoring of drug action: A new live in vitro assay design for Chagas’ disease drug discovery

New assay designs are needed to improve the predictive value of the Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro tests used as part of the Chagas’ disease drug development pipeline. Here, we employed a green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing parasite line and live high-content imaging to monitor the growth of T. cruzi amastigotes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. A novel assay design allowed us to follow parasite numbers over 6 days, in four-hour intervals, while occupying the microscope for only 24 hours per biological replicate. Dose-response curves were calculated for each time point after addition of test compounds, revealing how EC50 values first decreased over the time of drug exposure, and then leveled off. However, we observed that parasite numbers could vary, even in the untreated controls, and at different sites in the same well, which caused variability in the EC50 values. To overcome this, we established that fold change in parasite number per hour is a more robust and informative measure of drug activity. This was calculated based on an exponential growth model for every biological sample. The net fold change per hour is the result of parasite replication, differentiation, and death. The calculation of this fold change enabled us to determine the tipping point of drug action, i.e. the point immediately before the fold change becomes negative, independent of the drug concentration and exposure time. This time-to-kill over drug concentration revealed specific pharmacodynamic profiles of the benchmark drugs benznidazole and posaconazole. Author Summary Chagas’ disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a chronic debilitating infection occurring mostly in Latin America. There is an urgent need for new, well tolerated drugs. However, the latest therapeutic candidates have yielded disappointing outcomes in clinical trials, despite promising preclinical results. This demands new and more predictive in vitro assays. To address this, we have developed an assay design that enables the growth of T. cruzi intracellular forms to be monitored in real time, under drug pressure, for 6 days post-infection. This allowed us to establish the tipping point of drug action, when the parasites stop multiplying and start to die. The resulting pharmacodynamics profiles can provide robust and informative details on anti-chagasic candidates, as demonstrated for the benchmark drugs benznidazole and posaconazole.