Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-time-level semi-Lagrangian method for atmospheric models: Enhanced conservation and stability

The semi-Lagrangian (SL) semi-implicit (SI) method proposed by Robert (1981) has been investigated by many authors. The early versions of the method were three-time-level schemes since they were built on the basis of the previously existing Eulerian "Leap frog" schemes. Later on, the first two-time-level (2TL) schemes have proved to be more efficient and have been implemented into several operational models. One of the most important features of the early 2TLSL schemes was the extrapolation in time of the wind velocity to obtain the position of the middle point of the semi-Lagrangian trajectory. Temperton and Staniforth (1987) applied a linear extrapolation in time. We call this technique Classical 2TLSL.
Famacha method as a tool for selective control of nematode parasites in sheep

Hassum I.C. Famacha method as a tool for selective control of nematode parasites in sheep. (Famacha como ferramenta de controle seletivo da verminose em ovinos.) Revista Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria, 36(3):251- 254, 2014. Parasitologia/Saude Animal, Embrapa Meio-Norte, Avenida Duque de Caxias, 5650, Bairro Buenos Aires, Teresina, PI 64006-220, Brazil. E-mail: izabella.hassum@embrapa.br Worms constitute a serious health problem that affects sheep herds worl- dwide, causing significant economic losses and limiting productivity. Haemon- chus contortus nematode is considered the most important in this context, and control based solely on the use of anthelmintics has not been efficient. Thus, the use of an individual clinic diagnostic methods, such as Famacha, can be a strong ally in the desired control. The study was conducted at Embrapa Sou- thern Region Animal Husbandry, in Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the months of March 2009 to April 2010. Pure and crossbred sheep were stu- died, both male and female, young and old, bred extensively in natural field. The animals were evaluated at intervals ranging from seven days (minimum) to 15 days (maximum), and the treatment was applied to individual animals classified as Famacha grade three, four or five. Additionally, from a total of 27 evaluations, 17 were followed by blood collection for analysis of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and 20 by individual stool collection. Throughout the evalu- ation period, H. contortus was predominant in the stool. There was negative correlation (r = -0.454, p ≤ 0.05) between Famacha and PCV, and low positive correlation between Faecal Egg Count (FEC) and Famacha (r = 0.185, p ≤ 0.01). On average, 80.5% of the assessments based on Famacha method were correct. It has proved to be a complementary alternative to the selective control of ne- matode parasites in sheep, reducing the number of applications of anthelmin- tics and preserving the population of parasites in refugia.
Lanthania Colloidal Nanoparticles: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structural, and Rheological Properties

In this work, for the first time, the rheological properties of nanofluids of lanthania nanoparticles (NPs) in ethylene glycol (EG) as functions of shear rate, volume fraction, and temperature were measured. The results showed that both EG and the nanofluids behave as non-Newtonian fluids at lower shear rates and transform to Newtonian fluids at higher shear rates. The values of viscosity for both EG and the nanofluids decrease with raising temperature. The viscosity of nanofluids increases with increasing the volume fraction of lanthania NPs. A maximum of 66.4% increase in viscosity of EG at 25 °C and shear rate of 60 s-1 was observed when 5% v/v of lanthania NPs was added. The nearly pure hexagonal lanthania NPs were successfully synthesized using hydrothermal method. The NPs were characterized using seven techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, far infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy.
Association between sedation and adverse events in intensive care patients

1Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. 2Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. Confl icts of interest: none to declare. Abstract Objective: Identify the level of sedation and daily interruption and associated them with adverse events such as accidental extubation, pressure injury, phlebitis, loss of devices and patients falls at an intensive care unit. Methods: Retrospective and quantitative study, involving 204 patients, whose sedation was assessed by means of the Richmond AgitationSedation scale, followed by a search in the electronic fi les and analysis of the nursing notes. Fisher’s test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 204 patients, 168 were under deep and 36 under light sedation. In approximately half of the deep sedation cases, daily sedation was not interrupted, and the same was true for the light sedation cases. Twenty-eight adverse events happened in deep sedation patients and 13 in light sedation cases, particularly pressure injury. Conclusion: Most patients were under deep sedation. The adverse events were not associated with the daily interruption of sedation, but with work processes involving nursing care for the patient.
Small Groups and Culture Creation: The Idioculture of Little League Baseball Teams

Following interactionist theory, this study argues that cultural creation and usage can be examined by conceptualizing cultural forms as originating in a small-group context. Those cultural elements which characterize an interacting group are termed the idioculture of the group. This approach focuses on the content of small-group interaction, and suggests that the meanings of cultural items in a small group must be considered in order to comprehend their continued existence as communication. Five characteristics of cultural items affect which items will become part of a group culture. Cultural forms may be created and continue to be utilized in situations if they are known to members of the interacting group, usable in the course of group interaction, functional in supporting group goals and individual needs, appropriate in supporting the status hierarchy of the group, and triggered by events which occur in group interaction. These elements have impact only through the interpretations of group members of their situations. Support for this approach is drawn from a participant observation study of Little League baseball teams.
Effects of large-scale structure on the accuracy of weak lensing mass measurements

Weak gravitational lensing has become an important method to determine the masses of galaxy clusters. The intrinsic shapes of the galaxies are a dominant source of uncertainty, but there are other limitations to the precision that can be achieved. In this paper we revisit a typically ignored source of uncertainty: structure along the line-of sight. Using results from the Millennium Simulation we confirm the validity of analytical calculations that have shown that such random projections are particularly important for studies of the cluster density profile. In general the contribution of large-scale structure to the total error budget is comparable to the statistical errors. We find that the precision of the mass measurement can be improved only slightly by modelling the large-scale structure using readily available data.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOME WILD EDIBLE FRUITS OF MEGHALAYA STATE IN INDIA

The present communication deals with the in vitro antioxidant studies of the acetone and aqueous methanol extracts of four wild edible fruits e.g. Morus indica, Parkia roxburghii, Prunus nepalensis and Terminalia bellerica, collected from Meghalaya state in India. The total phenol varied from 10.49±0.14 to 95.40±0.74 mg/g in the aqueous methanol extract and 9.21±0.23 to 130.48±0.97 mg/g in the acetone extract of the fruits. Flavonoids content were between 2.14±0.02 and 7.07±0.01 mg/g in aqueous methanol extract and varied from 2.21±0.14 to 10.37±0.10 mg/g in the acetone extract. 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. The highest radical scavenging was observed in the acetone extract of M. esculenta with IC50 = 0.058±9.72E‐05 mg dry material. The greater amount of phenolic compounds leads to more potent radical scavenging effect as shown by the acetone extract of T. bellerica . Flavonol content was observed highest in the acetone extract of P. nepalensis (14.12 ± 0.05 mg/g) and least in the aqueous methanol extract of P. roxburghii (2.83±0.11 mg/g). The reducing power of the extracts of the plants were also evaluated as mg AAE (ascorbic acid equivalent)/g dry material. The results indicate that these wild edible fruits can be utilized as natural antioxidant.
Impact of cultivation year, nitrogen fertilization rate and irrigation water quality on soil salinity and soil nitrogen in saline-sodic paddy fields in Northeast China

SUMMARY Saline-sodic soils are widely distributed in the western Songnen Plain of Northeast China and planting rice has been found to be an effective and feasible approach for improving saline-sodic soil and increasing food production. Assessment of the effectiveness and sustainability of this method requires monitoring of the changes in soil salinity and nutrient content. The objective of the current study was to investigate the changes of soil salinity and nitrogen (N) contents over 1, 3, 6 and 9 years of cultivation, four application rates of N (N0: no N, N1: 100 kg N/ha, N2: 200 kg N/ha and N3: 300 kg N/ha) and two irrigation water types: ground water irrigation (GWI) and river water irrigation (RWI). Salinity and N contents of soil and water samples were analysed before planting and after harvest throughout the experiments. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC), especially in the surface layer of 0–40 cm depth, decreased with years of cultivation with both GWI and RWI, while soil inorganic N and total N contents increased. Moreover, with increasing N application rates, soil inorganic N and total N contents increased significantly in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Increasing N application had little effect on soil pH and EC. Reclaiming and planting rice promoted desalination of the surface and formation of a fertile tillage layer in saline-sodic paddy fields. In terms of irrigation and drainage in saline-sodic paddy fields, both soil salinity and N contents increased. Soil total salinity increased annually by 34 and 12·8 kg/ha, and inorganic N contents increased annually by 9 and 13·5 kg/ha with GWI and RWI, respectively. Therefore, comprehensive agricultural practices should be adopted for improving and cropping rice in saline-sodic paddy fields.
REFINED MISKAM SIMULATIONS OF THE MOCK URBAN SETTING TEST

The MUST wind tunnel dataset served as validation case for obstacle-resolving micro-scale models in the COST Action 732 “Quality Assurance and Improvement of Micro-Scale Meteorological Models”. Recently, Eichhorn and Balczó (2008)[5] presented first results of flow and dispersal simulations of the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) obtained from the latest version of the numerical model MISKAM. The current study summarises the MISKAM simulations of the MUST case, showing the effect of increased grid resolution, revised numerical schemes and different inlet boundary conditions on model performance. Results are discussed through comparison of vertical profiles, concentration distribution diagrams as well as in a more generalized view using validation metrics for the flow, turbulence and dispersion variables. It can be concluded that main flow features and concentration distribution are predicted well, but the simulation of smaller scale flow features needs further improvement of the model.
Genetic relationships among maize inbred lines as revealed by start codon targeted ( SCoT ) analysis

Maize (Zea mays L.), is a cereal crop with a remarkable potential for production, it is the third most important grain crop after wheat and rice. Molecular analysis is frequently used by maize breeders for selecting promising inbred lines to develop hybrid combination. In the present study 8 yellow maize inbred lines (Gm730,Gm 731, Gm 739, Gm 743, Gm 744, Gm 745, Gm 746 and Gm 749) developed by Maize Research Program, Field Crops Research Institute (FCRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Egypt were analyzed using 10 Start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. These primers produced total 136 fragments across 8 maize inbred lines, of which 74 (54.4%) were polymorphic with an average of 7.4 polymorphic fragments per primer and number of amplified fragments ranged from 4 (SCoT07) to 13 (SCoT08). The genetic similarity between pairs of inbred lines ranged from 78 to 91. The highest genetic similarity was between inbred lines Gm 745 and Gm746.While the lowest genetic similarity was between inbred lines Gm 730 and Gm 749 and between inbred line Gm 731 and both of inbred lines Gm 739 and Gm 749. The dendrogram of eight maize inbred lines based on SCoT markers using UPGMA comprised two main clusters; the first cluster grouped two inbred lines; Gm 730 and Gm 731 which derived from the same genetic source. The second cluster divided into two sub clusters; one subcluster contains one inbred line (Gm 739). While the other sub-cluster grouped the other five inbred lines in two groups. In general, Cluster analysis based on SCoT data grouped inbred lines largely consistent with their pedigree. This present study showed effectiveness of employing SCoT markers in analysis of maize genotypes, and it would be a promising marker for further studies in population genetics, genetic diversity and genotypes improvement.
Clinical Implications of Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate with Three Different Equations among Older People. Preliminary Results of the Project “Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease among Older People across Europe (SCOPE)”

We aimed at investigating to what extent CKD may be staged interchangeably by three different eGFR equations in older people, and evaluating the source of discrepancies among equations in a population of 2257 patients older than 75 years enrolled in a multicenter observational study. eGFR was calculated by CKD-EPI, BIS and FAS equations. Statistical analysis was carried out by Bland–Altman analysis. κ statistic was used to quantify the agreement between equations in classifying CKD stages. The impact of selected variables on the difference among equations was graphically explored. The average difference between BIS and FAS was −0.24 (95% limits of agreement (95%LA = −4.64–4.14) mL/min/1.73 m2. The difference between CKD-EPI and BIS and between CKD-EPI and FAS was 8.97 (95%LA = −2.90–20.84) and 8.72 (95%LA = −2.11–19.56) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. As regards CKD stage classification, κ value was 0.47 for both CKD-EPI vs. FAS and CKD-EPI vs. BIS, while BIS and FAS had similar classificatory properties (κ = 0.90). Muscle mass was found related to the difference between CKD-EPI and BIS (R2 = 0.11) or FAS (R2 = 0.14), but not to the difference between BIS and FAS. In conclusion, CKD-EPI and BIS/FAS equations are not interchangeable to assess eGFR among older people. Muscle mass may represent a relevant source of discrepancy among eGFR equations.
Risk Mapping of Influenza D Virus Occurrence in Ruminants and Swine in Togo Using a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach

Influenza D virus (IDV) has been identified in several continents, with serological evidence for the virus in Africa. In order to improve the sensitivity and cost–benefit of IDV surveillance in Togo, risk maps were drawn using a spatial multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and experts’ opinion to evaluate the relevance of sampling areas used so far. Areas at highest risk of IDV occurrence were the main cattle markets. The maps were evaluated with previous field surveillance data collected in Togo between 2017 and 2019: 1216 sera from cattle, small ruminants, and swine were screened for antibodies to IDV by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. While further samples collections are needed to validate the maps, the risk maps resulting from the spatial MCDA approach generated here highlight several priority areas for IDV circulation assessment.
The experience of sons-in-law's relationship with mothers-in-law: a grounded theory approach

To explore men's experiences of relationship with mothers-in-law, this study conducted a qualitative study using grounded theory. The data were collected from 15 participants and analyzed into 111 concepts, 25 sub-categories and 11 categories. The results showed that the core category was 'the visitors for centuries become a true family through hard and uncomfortable relationship" The sons-in-law and mothers-in-law relationship was classified into 4 types; 'welcomed guest for centuries', 'my true beloved son', 'butler', and 'uninvited guest'. The results are expected to be a basic data to develop sons and mothers-in-law relationship and prevent the dissolution of family by alleviating the conflicts of sons and mothers-in-law. * 이 논문은 2013년도 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 연구되었음 (NRF-2013S1A5A8022074) 한국가족관계학회지 제19권 4호, 2015, pp. 165-187 166 한국가족관계학회지 제19권 4호 주제어(Key words): 사위(son-in-law), 장모(mother-in-law), 장서관계(relationship of mother-in-law and son-in-law), 양계사회(bilateral society), 근거이론(grounded theory)
The Properties and Fast Algorithm of Quaternion Linear Canonical Transform

The quaternion linear canonical transform (QLCT) is defined in this paper, with proofs given for its reversibility property, its linear property, its odd-even invariant property and additivity property. Meanwhile, the quaternion convolution (QCV), quaternion correlation (QCR) and product theorem of LCT are deduced. Their physical interpretation is given as classical convolution, correlation and product theorem. Moreover, the fast algorithm of QLCT (FQLCT) is obtained, whose calculation complexity for different signals is similar to FFT. In addition, the paper presents the relationship between the convolution and correlation in LCT domains, and the convolution and correlation can be calculated via product theorem in Fourier transform domain using FFT.
Fairtrade – a Competitive Imperative?

Background: The rise in ethical consumerism has become evident through an increase in sales of fair trade products in recent years. Consumers are prepared to pay a premium for fair trade chocolate, and with a steady future growth in the fair trade movement, this is an attractive market for new entrants. Of particular focus are the Swedish and German markets for fair trade chocolate as they show promising growth rates and interest in this field. Problem: The chocolate industry is very competitive, and the observation that consumers reward companies that act socially responsible presents an opportunity for ethical companies to compete. This is attractive for entrepreneurial firms, but there exist numerous motivations why firms choose to engage in fair trade. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand the role of fair trade in corporate strategy (either in partial or entire assortment), its relation to entrepreneurial opportunity-seeking behaviour, and examining how the strategic resource of Fairtrade certification is used to gain competitive advantage. Method: A qualitative interview study was applied, and ten chocolate companies active in the Swedish and German markets were included in the sample. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews (four telephone interviews and six email responses), and complemented with secondary data from company websites and press releases. The interviewees were mainly representatives of the marketing department and CEOs. Empirical findings were analysed using relevant models and theories, and organized under the two categories of ‘firm use of fair trade’ and ‘visibility of fair trade. ’ Conclusion: The findings in this thesis show that there are multiple reasons why chocolate companies engage in fair trade including reputation, spreading awareness, proactive opportunity-seeking behaviour, strategic differentiation, as a means of communicating to producers and consumers, and for quality insurance of raw ingredients. Fair trade engagement is visible through its role as a social resource. This image is created by ethical and social commitment and wholeness in values, non-exploitative respectful business network relationships, consistency in firm behaviour, and through wealth creation in terms of benefiting the firm, society, and the environment. The Fairtrade label is not imperative to achieving a state of competitive advantage, but can inevitably lead to that result through the firm wholeness created by missionand vision-driven values.
Effects of Kyoto Protocol on CO2 Emissions: A Five-Country Rolling Regression Analysis

The current study illustrated the time variance of turning points in the relationship between carbon emissions and income to resolve heated debate on the different responsibility to climate change with 1950–2010 data of five development diversity countries—three developed countries (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and one developing country (India) and one newly industrialized economy (Taiwan). The article also examines the impact of the crisis on emission. The time-varying patterns in the turning points on environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs) were observed by a rolling regression technique with 1950–2010 data regarding the per capita CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion and the incomes of the countries. Several empirical findings were revealed from this analysis. Per capita CO2 emissions commonly decreased with varying magnitudes in the five countries over time. The EKC hypothesis regarding the CO2 emissions is affirmed again in this study. The announcement effects associated with the Kyoto Protocol was evidenced. As indicated by the occurring GDP of the turning point, there is a strong reduction trend in the income level of the turning points right before the years of Kyoto Protocol; and this decreasing trend nearly ended as the Kyoto protocol approached its end, except in Germany, where the occurring income of the turning points continued to have a decreasing trend. Although the global financial crisis had its effects in the world, the impacts on carbon dioxide emissions vary across countries.
S0025315419000857jra 1721..1734

Nutrient enrichment is a significant cause of ecosystem change in coastal habitats worldwide. This study focuses on the change in a benthic macroinvertebrate community and environmental quality as assessed through different biotic indices following the construction of a sewage outfall pipe in the west of Scotland, from first implementation to seven years after operation of the pipe. Benthic macroinvertebrates are an important part of marine ecosystems because they mediate ecosystem processes and functions, are a key part of food webs and they provide many ecosystem services. Results indicated a clear change in benthic communities over time with an increase in species richness and changes to benthic community composition (specifically feeding type, bioturbation mode and ecological group) towards those indicative of organic enrichment. No clear spatial zonation was observed because organic carbon content increased over the entire area. According to a suite of benthic indices calculated, some negative changes were detectable following the start of sewage disposal, but largely negative community changes, and a change from ‘good’ to ‘moderate’ quality, only occurred seven years after implementation. The increase in species richness in response to increasing disturbance reduced the utility of a multi-metric index, the Infaunal Quality Index, which, instead of amplifying the signal of negative impact, dampened it. We suggest that any change in communities, regardless of direction, should be heeded, and species richness is a particularly sensitive and early warning indicator for this, but a suite of approaches is required to understand benthic community changes.