Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Middle School Teachers' Use of Compulsory Textbooks in Instruction of Mathematics

This study investigates how a sample of middle school mathematics teachers interpret and use compulsory textbooks in the Turkish classroom context based on their: (i) purposes of using textbooks; (ii) frequency and duration of using textbooks; (iii) approaches to using textbooks; and (iv) preferences concerning an ideal mathematics textbook. The research was carried out using the case study model. Data were collected from 17 middle school teachers in six public schools via semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. A content analysis approach was applied to analyse the data collected from the questionnaire completed by the participants. The results indicated that the teachers used textbooks for both pedagogic purposes and giving student assignments. The teachers revealed varied approaches to using textbooks, including adherence, elaboration, and creation with most of them using an elaboration approach. The teachers commonly used textbooks in whole-class activities rather than individual and group work. The findings also indicated that teachers criticized compulsory textbooks from various aspects when describing an ideal mathematics textbook. This study shows the necessity for further studies that focus on teachers' textbook design capacity to explore the relationships between teachers and textbooks and that examine the role of using different textbooks in the learning process.
Integrating UAV Technology in an Ecological Monitoring System for Community Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

In African savannas and many other rangelands around the world, wildlife presently find themselves interacting with livestock. Many studies have been conducted on vigilance behaviour in response to presence of predators but few scientists have included the presence of livestock and how this affects vigilance when foraging together with wild herbivores. As the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) is an important example for wildlife grazing together with livestock this phenomenon must be understood to achieve a sustainable land use management plan. Behavioral observations of wildlife and livestock species were conducted from a vehicle driving along transects within NCA. Four wild herbivore species including plains Zebra (Equus burchelli), Thomson’s gazelle (Gazella thomsonii), Grant’s gazelle (Gazella granti) and Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). We assessed behavior classified as feeding, grooming, laying down, ruminating, grooming, moving, and looking with head up (vigilance) with the use of the focal animal sampling method. Wild herbivores were observed either with or without livestock species, i.e., cattle (Bos taurus), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries), over two different seasons. Out of 158 groups in total, 47/49 non –mixed groups (without livestock) and 30/32 mixed groups (with livestock) were recorded during the dry/wet season, respectively. Results shows that wildlife decreased their foraging time while they increased vigilance behavior when livestock were present in unprotected land with presence of herder unlike in protected land. Therefore, we conclude that the presence of livestock does not seem to be beneficial for wild herbivores and that protected areas where pastoralists cannot access are important.
Microbiological Evaluation of Ready-to-Drink Tigernut Drinks Sold within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Aims: Tigernut drink are made from tigernut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) and rich in nutrients. This drink is locally produced and widely consumed in Nigeria irrespective of social status. This study is aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and physicochemical property of tigernut drinks sold within Port Harcourt metropolis. Methodology: Thirty (30) samples of freshly prepared and packaged tigernut drinks were randomly purchased from different vendors in five locations of Port Harcourt metropolis (Agip Estate, Abuja Campus (Uniport), Choba, Mile 1 and Mile 2 Markets). The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological and physicochemical methods. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to analyze the data. Results: Results obtained showed that the pH of the samples ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 while the total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 6. 54-6.74 log10 CFU/mL. Total fungal count of tigernut drinks ranged from 6.0-6.2 log10 CFU/mL. A total of nine (9) bacterial genera namely Staphylococcus sp. (37.3%), Escherichia sp. (21.3%), Salmonella sp. (12%), Pseudomonas sp. (12%), Klebsiella sp. (4%), Bacillus sp. (4%), Micrococcus sp. (4%), Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) were isolated from the samples. Six (6) fungal genera were also encountered in the drink sampled which include Rhizopus sp. (1.4%), Saccharomyces sp. (4.4%), Aspergillus sp. (30.9%), Fusarium sp. (26.5%), Penicillium sp. (30.9%) and Candida sp. (5.9%). The result revealed that Staphylococcus sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (37.3%) followed by E. coli (21.3%), while Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) recorded the least. Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (30.9%) whereas Rhizopus sp. had the least (1.4%). The results of this study revealed that all the samples from the five (5) locations were heavily contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and found not suitable for human consumption based on the standard recommended by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). NAFDAC stipulated that mesophilic aerobic count of locally prepared beverages should be < 5.0 log10 CFU/mL. Conclusion: The huge contamination recorded in all the samples irrespective of the location could be linked to poor hygienic levels during processing. Therefore, good manufacturing practices, public health enlightenment campaign and strict regulations from relevant agencies are recommended to avoid foodborne infections, diseases and possible deaths which could result from consumption of such contaminated tigernut drinks.
Influence of biofertilizers on growth and yield of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.)

The present investigation was carried out during the kharif season of 2018-19 at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Utlou. Experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Local seeds of winged bean collected from market were taken for the experimental trial and ten treatments were used. After selection, the seeds were sown at the spacing of 90cm x45cm. From the present investigation biofertilizer mixtures of Rhizobium, vermicompost, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (T10) was found significantly superior in terms of yield attributes viz., secondary branches (8.9), pod length (13.4cm), seed per pod (11.6) and pod fresh weight per plant (14.88g). Treatment consisting of Rhizobium only (T2) gave maximum (3467.00 mg) pod dry weight, while T8 (Rhizobium + PSB) produced maximum (17.25 ft.) plant height. Maximum weight of tuber (167.53 g) was recorded with treatment T9 (Rhizobium+ vermicompost + VAM). Least performance in terms of growth and yield of winged bean was recorded with control treatment. Statistical analysis of variance (p=0.05) showed that use of different biofertilizers significantly increased in all growth and yield parameters of winged bean. Hence, the results suggest that biofertilizers enhance the growth and yield of winged bean which should be encouraged for future crop improvement programme.
Pharmaceutical supply chain transformation through application of the Lean principle: A literature review

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to review relevant previous literature in order to identify gaps in the existing research relating to the lean application within the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review is undertaken to analyze and classify the previous literature into four categories, namely; the supply chain area, research approach, research objective, and lean supply chain elements. Findings: The results indicated that most attention was focused on manufacturing, while upstream suppliers, downstream activities and the entire supply chain process have received comparatively scant consideration. Similarly, the issues of information technology management, supplier management, customer relations, and logistics management, in addition to practitioner involvement represent inadequately developed topics. Future research should, therefore, address these omissions, while also including the integration of quality compliance and digital innovation in as far as they relate to pharma 4.0. Practical implications: This article serves as a guide to acquiring adequate knowledge of lean application in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain in order to support practitioners and researchers in their future work. Originality/value: This study represents one of the limited number of reviews of the relevant literature on the subject which is potentially helpful in developing a roadmap of lean principle application to the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain.
Effects of adding some less-used green vegetable leaves on sensory and physico-chemical properties of low fat meatballs

This study aims to investigate the effect of adding green leafy vegetable mixture GLVM on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of producing low-fat meatball. Four different concentrations 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% of GLVM were added as a substitution for meat fat. The obtained results revealed that the chemical composition showed that GLVM contains 7.3% moisture, 29.9% total protein, 3.45% crude fat, 14.6% ash and 8.43 % crude fiber. Mineral composition were 45.61% Fe, 6.65% Ca, 2.71% Zn, 10.39% K and 0.46% Mg. Results indicated that the moisture, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrates content increased in meatballs prepared with GLVM compared with control sample, while the content of total protein and crud fat reduced with increasing GLVM . The ratios of USFAs / SFAs and n-6/n-3 improved gradually from 1.001 and 4.85 to 1.230 and 2.10 with increasing GLVM, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage of the total energy values and fat calories declined in all samples, while the amount of meatballs in grams consumed to cover the daily requirements for energy and protein increased in all samples as compared with the control. Meatball blends which prepared with 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% GLVM showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the cooking yield and moisture retention% as compared to the control. Texture properties of meatballs were affected, the hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness values were in the range of 2.793 4.887, 0.5950. 656 and 1.132 2.122, respectively. Also, sensory evaluation results showed that product of meatballs could be easily accepted to consumers by portion up to 10%. In conclusion, the study confirm the possibility of adding a green leafy vegetable mixture from turnips, beetroots and carrots to produce low-fat meatballs that can reduce heart disease and atherosclerosis. ــقيبطتلا مولـعلاو ةـــيعونلا ةــــيبرتلل ةيــــملعلا ةلــجملا ةيـ es The Scientific Journal of Specific Education and Applied Scienc 152
Secondary dispersal of seed across snow in Betula lenta, a gap-colonizing tree species

SUMMARY (1) Betula lenta is a gap-requiring forest tree depending on wind-borne seed dispersal for discovery of suitable regeneration sites. Modes of winter seed movement and snow conditions required for seed deposition in this species were examined using a variety of selective seed traps. Seed fall was monitored during winter and autumn of 1985, and compared with aspects of weather on a daily basis. Conditions required for seed release were identified by subjecting catkins to experimental temperature and humidity treatments. (2) In natural populations, seed was released preferentially on days with high winds and below-freezing temperatures. Catkins held in experimental environments released seed at low humidity, regardless of temperature. (3) Through secondary dispersal across a snow surface, seeds in a natural population were distributed over an area 3 3 times greater than the area covered by aerial dispersal alone. (4) Large numbers of seeds accumulated in experimental indentations in the snow, and in shallow depressions corresponding to the bases of uprooted trees. By contrast, emergent shrub and herb stems had a relatively minor impact on seed deposition, and very few seeds were deposited on the smooth snow surface. (5) Daily control of seed release in Betula lenta during an autumn-winter dispersal period appears to promote long-range secondary dispersal by wind across a snow surface. Through this mechanism, 'passive' dispersal by wind produces non-random, aggregated seed distributions, and increases the chances of seeds arriving in suitable regeneration sites.
Long-term vicariance and post-glacial expansion in the Japanese rocky intertidal goby Chaenogobius annularis

Studies of mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of several Japanese coastal marine species have shown the existence of Pacific Ocean and Sea of Japan groups, which diverged because of the isolation of the Sea of Japan in the Pleistocene glacial periods. Here we performed a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b and 8 microsatellite loci among Chaenogobius annularis populations to reveal the levels of congruence between the 2 markers, the admixture of the 2 groups, and the post-glacial history of the Sea of Japan group. Population-level and individual-level genetic analyses based on these markers showed no or minimal admixtures between the Pacific Ocean and Sea of Japan groups, despite the temporal opening of the Sea of Japan in multiple interglacial periods. The genetic diversity within the Sea of Japan group was much lower than that within the Pacific Ocean group. However, the Shimonoseki population, sampled in southern parts of the Sea of Japan, revealed higher mitochondrial nucleotide diversity and microsatellite allelic richness, suggesting post-glacial expansion from the southern area, accompanied by genetic drift, i.e. the founder effect. Congruent patterns of mtDNA and microsatellite DNA markers suggest long-term vicariance and severe genetic drift in the Sea of Japan group since the divergence in the early Pleistocene.
Arduino based Smart Equipment for Pain Free Jaw Movement

Trismus and Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a frequently observed clinical condition. Rehabilitation with mouth-opening exercises is very much essential for a fast and successful recovery. To deal with these conditions, smart equipment for pain-free jaw movement has been modelled and clinically tested. In the proposed Trismus treatment equipment unit, the autonomous actions are attained by employing Arduino UNO as the core. Initially, the microcontroller will activate the pump to spray the mouth cleaner by prompting the relay interfaced to it. Upon activation, the pump will spray the mouth cleaner into the patient's mouth. After completion of mouth cleaner spraying, the microcontroller will activate the syringe to spray the pain reliever. The sprayed out medicine from the mouth is sucked out using the vacuum pump interfaced to the controller. Only after the completion, of mouth cleaner and pain reliever spraying and also syringe for intralession fibrolytics gets activated after which the action of mouth opening mechanism unit is initiated. The level of mouth opening threshold and the number of times the task needs to be repeated can be set by the user by triggering the control input switches interfaced to the controller. After the input triggered by the control switch, the controller automatically does the mouth opening exercises. In such a way, automation in forceful mouth opening for the treatment of OSMF is attained in the proposed system.
GC-MS analysis and biopesticide properties of different crude extracts of Annona squamosa and Annona muricata

Most common compounds identified by GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts from leaves of Annona squamosa (sweetsop) and Annona muricata (soursop) were neophytadiene, hexadecanoic acid, and trans-caryophyllene. Hexadecenoic acid and ethyl oleate were identified in seeds of A. muricata, while only methyl-p-tert-butyl phenylacetate was identified in seeds extract of A. squamosa. Crude extracts were tested for their antifungal activities against postharvest plant pathogens, insecticidal activities against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Results showed low inhibitory effect (less than 20%) for the pathogenic fungi insecticidal test against cassava mealybug of all crude brown planthopper treated with 5% seed extract of A. squamosa, indicating its potential as an alternative botanical insecticide. Further studies are required to improve yield and extract quality.
Inhibitory effects of glycyrrhetic acid derivatives on 11β- and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of rat liver

Glycyrrhetic acid (GA), an aglycone of glycyrrhizin (GL), is a potent inhibitor of 11β- and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of rat liver microsomes was potently inhibited by GA, 3-deoxyglycyrrhetic acid (3-deoxy GA), 3-ketoglycyrrhetic acid (3-ketoGA), 3-epiglycyrrhetic acid (3-epiGA) and 11-deoxoglycyrrhetic acid (11-deoxoGA), with I50 values of 2-4×10-7M. However, 18α-stereoisomers (I50=3-7×10-6M) of GA, 3-deoxyGA and 11-deoxoGA were one tenth less inhibitory on the enzyme activity than the corresponding 18β-isomers. On the other hand, 18α-stereoisomers of GA, 3-deoxyGA and 11-deoxoGA inhibited 3α-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase activity of rat liver cytosol more potently than the corresponding 18β-isomers. I50 values of 18α- and 18β-isomers were 2 and 7×10-6M, respectively, in the case of GA, 8 and 20×10-6M in 3-deoxyGA, 3 and 20×10-6M in 11-deoxoGA. These results indicate that the 18β-conformation of oleanane is important for the inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase but on the contrary the 18α-conformation is important for the inhibition of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Supplementation on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Pseudomonas fluorescens Challenge

180 Nile tilapia fish were used in 3 months growth trial to study the effect of turmeric on growing tilapia. Fish were divided into three treatment groups. The first group T1 was given the basal diet without any supplementation of turmeric and served as the control group. The second groupT2 was given diet supplemented by 0.25% turmeric powder. The third groupT3 was given diet supplemented by 0.50% turmeric powder. At the end of the growth trial, fish were challenged with pathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescence. Turmeric supplementation non-significantly improved growth performance. There was a trend of higher values with increasing the turmeric supplementation level, and significant improvement in feed consumption in T3 compared toT1 and T2. Fish body composition was affected by turmeric supplementation. Crude protein content was significantly increased in T3 compared to T1. Ether extract content was significantly decreased with increasing the turmeric supplementation level as T1 was the highest in ether extract content and T3 was the lowest, this was significantly reflected on the gross energy (GE) content of the fish. The clinical signs in the challenged fishes were observed at the second day post injection. Fish showed loss of balance, excessive mucus secretions on skin and gills, ascites with slightly protruded reddish vent and hemorrhages all over the body surface, frayed and torn tail and fins, with no mortalities in the 0.50% turmeric supplemented group. We concluded that 0.50% turmeric supplementation may improve growth performance and significantly protect fish against P. fluorescens.
Ten years trend analysis of malaria cases at rural health and training centre Mandur, Goa

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Approximately half of the world's population is at risk of malaria. It is a common and life-threatening disease in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Malaria, one of the highly prevalent infectious diseases, accounted for about 216 million new cases and 0.45 million deaths in 2016, globally. In India about 95% of population resides in malaria endemic areas and 80% of malaria reported in the country is residing in tribal, hilly, difficult and inaccessible areas. Government of India has launched National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) in 2002 to control the disease. Since then India has demonstrated significant achievement in malaria control with a progressive decline in total cases and death. Overall malaria cases have consistently decline from 2.09 million in 2001 to 0.84 million in 2017. Goa state also has shown a decline of malaria cases from 12,331 cases in 2001 to 653 cases in 2017.
Lengths at maturity and conversion factors for skates (Rajidae) around the British Isles, with an analysis of data in the literature

Biological data on skates (Rajidae) from around the British Isles were collected between 1992 and 2010. The relationship between total length and weight for nine species (Amblyraja radiata, Dipturus batis-complex, Leucoraja fullonica, L. naevus, Raja brachyura, R. clavata, R. microocellata, R. montagui, and R. undulata) are provided for each sex and ICES ecoregion (when significantly different). Conversion factors for disc width to total length are provided. The lengths at first maturity and of the largest immature skates are reported for each sex, and the lengths at 50% maturity are estimated. Spatial differences in the length at maturity of R. clavata (females only) and L. naevus (both sexes) were observed. The lengths at maturity are discussed in relation to the results of earlier studies, and methodological differences are considered to have influenced reputed decreases in the length at maturity. A more standardized approach to collecting and reporting maturity information is required if potential spatial differences and temporal changes are to be investigated.
Body Composition of Children in the Pre-pubertal and Early-pubertal Period: Are There Some Age-related and Intersexual Differences?

The aim of the presented study was to assess changes in body composition and intersexual differences among children at pre-pubertal and early-pubertal age. The research was designed as a non-randomized cross-section study. The screened sample consisted of 136 girls and 212 boys assigned into three groups according to their age. Body composition was measured using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). To examine the association between obesity and selected health-related parameters, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Eta2 were used. For evaluation of intersexual differences, Mann-Whitney U-test was used. The presented article is the part of VEGA 1/0840/17 project. From the perspective of age, neither in the group of girls nor boys we recorded any differences in indicators of body composition, namely in body fat mass index, body fat percentage and, in addition, in the group of girls in the waist to hip ratio parameter.