Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Replacement of 8-MOP/UV-A treatment by UV-C irradiation for further development of Extracorporeal Photopheresis

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used for more than 30 years to treat inflammatory disorders such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The central step is the ex vivo treatment of the patient´s leukocytes with 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and UV-A irradiation, resulting in cellular apoptosis. However, the injection of 8-MOP into the irradiation bag poses a risk of contamination. UV-C radiation is more energetic than UV-A radiation and is able to induce apoptosis without photosensitizers such as 8-MOP. Hence, we compared the effects of both treatments on leukocytes in vitro and in vivo . We analyzed the cell-specific pattern of apoptosis in human mononuclear cells treated with 8-MOP/UV-A and UV-C in cell culture for 72 hours. In addition, we investigated the therapeutic potential of UV-C irradiated leukocytes in a mouse model of acute GvHD. In vitro we observed equal or only slightly decreased levels of apoptosis in cells treated with UV-C compared to 8-MOP/UV-A. Both, the kinetic and final level of apoptosis after 72 h were similar in T cells, monocytes, B cells, regulatory T cells and NK(T) cells. The therapeutic in vivo analysis in a murine GvHD model revealed no clear benefit of the UV-C treatment compared to the non-therapeutic control group, but also no adverse survival or clinical GVHD score compared to the 8-MOP/UV-A group. Our in vitro and in vivo data support the notion that 8-MOP/UV-A could be replaced by UV-C treatment in ECP and thus contribute to a safer GvHD therapy. The investigation of the therapeutic in vivo potential should be continued in further studies.
Professional Development Activities of IELTS Trainers from Non-English Major

Professional development activities are done by English teachers from formal educational institutions and by trainers from non-English majors who teach IELTS preparation program in non-formal educational institutions. This study investigated the professional development activities done by IELTS trainers from non-English majors and how the professional development activities help them improve their teaching competencies. A case study design was applied, and an in-depth interview and documentary analysis were used to gain the data. Four selected research subjects were involved in this study. The results showed that the IELTS trainers' professional development activities include collaborative and independent learning activities. Furthermore, those activities help the IELTS trainers from non-English majors positively as they can fulfill their demand to improve their teaching competencies since there is limited institutional support for them in professional development. Therefore, the institution where the IELTS trainers work should provide adequate formal learning supports. In addition, the IELTS trainers in this study and other IELTS trainers should be involved in other informal learning activities more frequently.
Attosecond chronoscopy of photoemission

Recent advances in the generation of well characterized sub-femtosecond laser pulses have opened up unpredicted opportunities for the real-time observation of ultrafast electronic dynamics in matter. Such attosecond chronoscopy allows a novel look at a wide range of fundamental photophysical and photochemical processes in the time domain, including Auger and autoionization processes, photoemission from atoms, molecules, and surfaces, complementing conventional energy-domain spectroscopy. Attosecond chronoscopy raises fundamental conceptual and theoretical questions as which novel information becomes accessible and which dynamical processes can be controlled and steered. These questions are currently a matter of lively debate which we address in this review. We will focus on one prototypical case, the chronoscopy of the photoelectric effect by attosecond streaking. Is photoionization instantaneous or is there a finite response time of the electronic wavefunction to the photoabsorption event? Answers to this question turn out to be far more complex and multi-faceted than initially thought. They touch upon fundamental issues of time and time delay as observables in quantum theory. We review recent progress of our understanding of time-resolved photoemission from atoms, molecules, and solids. We will highlight the unresolved and open questions and we point to future directions aiming at the observation and control of electronic motion in more complex nanoscale structures and in condensed matter. PACS numbers: 32.80. Fb, 42.50. Hz, 42.65. Re, 31.15. A-
The Cusp-Airy Process

At a typical cusp point of the disordered region in a random tiling model we expect to see a determinantal process called the Pearcey process in the appropriate scaling limit. However, in certain situations another limiting point process appears that we call the Cusp-Airy process, which is a kind of two sided extension of the Airy kernel point process. We will study this problem in a class of random lozenge tiling models coming from interlacing particle systems. The situation was briefly studied previously by Okounkov and Reshetikhin under the name cuspidal turning point.
Does an Experience-Based and Practice-Oriented Approach in Coaching Education Influence Coaching Efficacy Positively?

Coaching education is previously suggested to have a positive influence on coaching efficacy among coaches in sport. However, little is known about whether differences in learning approaches in formal coaching education lead to various outcomes in coaching efficacy. With this as a background, the current study explores whether coaching efficacy varies between coaches with different types of formal educational background. Special focus is put on the experience-based and practice-oriented «Topptrener» education programs. A sample of 614 Norwegian coaches from different sports such as cross-country skiing, cycling, athletics, soccer, and handball participated in the investigation. The coaches were split into three groups based on their formal educational background: (1) coaches with «conventional sport-related higher formal education», (2) coaches with «no sport-related higher formal education», and (3) coaches with «experiential and practice-oriented formal education through the ‘Topptrener’-programs». When possible, gender differences were accounted for, and years of education and coaching experience were used as covariates; the «Topptrener coaches» showed significantly higher coaching efficacy than coaches in the two other groups (p < .05). These findings are discussed with regard to applied explanations and implications, and possible future research is suggested.
The Bias of Technological Change in Europe Work Package 302 MS 217 “ The Bias of Technological Change in Europe ” Working

This paper is concerned with measuring and influencing the direction of technological change. First, it provides a comprehensive assessment of the factor bias of technological change using panel data from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) for 25 EU countries from 1995 to 2009. We measure the bias with respect to the inputs capital, energy, non-energy materials and three types of labour (low-, mediumand high-skilled). For this purpose, the factor cost share approach based on the duality of production theory is applied. Estimating the system of cost share equations derived from a translog cost function, we find that technological change was lowand medium-skilled labour-saving, high-skilled labour-using, and energyand materialsusing. Second, the paper addresses the question how technological change could be redirected towards saving more energy and less labour. Patent applications in energyand labour-saving technology fields are used to model the direction of technological change. We construct stocks of patents in these fields and integrate them into the system of cost share equations as proxies for the level of technology. Upon finding that they were indeed energy and labour saving over our sample period, we regress them on policy variables to identify instruments for shifting the bias away from saving labour towards saving energy. We conclude that one way to achieve this, at least partly, would be an increase in the energy tax rate coupled with a matching reduction in the social security contributions paid by employers for low-skilled workers.
GESTIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA Y MARKETING ESTRATÉGICO EN UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LIMA NORTE

This research has been carried out with the aim of establishing the Currently, public educational institutions do not require real Administrative Management of strategic educational Marketing towards students; since many times, they do not have a competitive vision compared to the services provided by private educational institutions. Therefore, the present investigation determined the significant relationship of Administrative Management and Strategic Marketing of an Institution of a basic Non-experimental design with the Correlational method. The population 319-328[2020] | https://doi.org/10.31381/scientia.v22i22. 2714 | CIURP 320 AngelA AlvArez Moreno; CArolinA loyolA SAntoS Scientia ISSN 1993-422X | Vol. XXII No 22 was 1,375 people among Directors, Administrators, Teachers, Parents and Students, of which they were selected as a non-probabilistic sample (385) under the Fisher, Arkin and Colton procedure. An instrument was applied. For the hypothesis test, the SPSS 24 was applied, which yielded a positive relationship in favor of the general hypothesis, therefore it was concluded that Administrative Management is positively related to strategic Educational Marketing.
EU enlargement: Digital economy in Europe: Evaluation of countries’ performances

The accelerated expansion of the Internet as a communication tool, the mobile internet, and the social networks and commercial platforms, commonly observed as digitalisation, have greatly affected the functioning of the economy and with it also businesses, public institutions, and individuals. The state of the digitalisation of business and industry varies between the European Union (EU) countries and regions. Each economy struggles to keep up with digitalisation in order to keep their productivity and achievement on a high level. Using the Composite I-distance Indicator (CIDI) methodology, we have created a multivariate indicator that can serve as a measurement of digital economy performances. Furthermore, we evaluate and rank 28 countries in EU (EU-28), based on their digital performances. We made an in-depth comparative analysis of countries in Europe, providing information about each economy with information on where they currently stand in terms of digital economy and what steps they need to undertake to improve and boost up their position in the domain of digitalisation.
Nonlinear chiral transport in Dirac semimetals

We study the current of chiral charge density in a Dirac semimetal with two Dirac points in momentum space, subjected to an externally applied time dependent electric field and in the presence of a magnetic field. Based on the kinetic equation approach, we find contributions to the chiral charge current, which are proportional to the second power of the electric field and to the first and second powers of the magnetic field, describing the interplay of the chiral anomaly and the drift motion of electrons moving under the action of electric and magnetic fields. We find that under curtain conditions the heating of electrons due to electric field might be the main contribution to the chiral charge current. We discuss the connection between the chiral charge density and staggered spin polarization, which is the spin imbalance in the Dirac valleys with a vanishing net spin polarization.
Write for Life

Expressive writing has been shown to improve physical, mental, and social health outcomes for patients struggling with difficult diagnoses. In many online health communities, writing comprises a substantial portion of the user experience, yet little work has explored how writing itself affects user engagement. This paper explores user engagement on CaringBridge, a prominent online community for writing about personal health journeys. We build a survival analysis model, defining a new set of variables that operationalize expressive writing, and comparing these effects to those of social support, which are well-known to benefit user engagement. Furthermore, we use machine learning methods to estimate that approximately one third of community members who self-identify with a cancer condition cease engagement due to literal death. Finally, we provide quantitative evidence that: (1) receiving support, expressive writing, and giving support, in decreasing magnitude of relative impact, are associated with user engagement on CaringBridge, and (2) that considering deceased sites separately in our analysis significantly shifts our interpretations of user behavior.
On velocity and temperature fluctuations generated by a turbulent grid in open vertical channel

: We analyze experimentally the statistical properties of velocity and temperature fluctuations in a free turbulent flow generated downstream of two grids placed at the inlet of a large vertical open channel. One of the grids with mesh spacing 𝑀 𝜃 is heated so that a mean temperature rise across the grid of about 10K, while the other said dynamic grid with mesh spacing is not heated, hence the thermal mesh size was smaller than the momentum mesh size 𝑀 > 𝑀 𝜃 . Considerations will here be restricted to fluids heated from below for which buoyancy effects form the only source of motion. With this arrangement, the velocity, and temperature and their respective variances are measured by the hot wire anemometry. A flow either with decreased or increased velocity and temperature variances is observed. Beyond 𝑥 𝑀 = 10 downstream of the grid, the usual grid velocity decay in wind tunnel is not observed. Furthermore, up to approximately 𝑥 𝑀 = 16.66 from the turbulent grid, the mean temperature variance decreases and evolves in agreement with the ones generally observed in fully developed wind tunnel grid turbulence and a behavior consistent with the existence of scaling laws is obtained. However, beyond this distance, an increase temperature variance was noticed. So that the decomposition of the temperature variance in power law is no longer observed.
Distribution and Processing of Highly Siderophile Elements in Cratonic Mantle Lithosphere

Cratonic lithospheric mantle is composed of predominantly refractory materials that formed at higher mantle potential temperatures ( T P) than recorded in non-cratonic peridotites. It also shows stronger depletion and fractionation of Pd and Pt from Ru, Os and Ir than oceanic, supra-subduction zone or off-cratonic lithospheric mantle, as well as some of the lowest Se and Te contents. The varied response of the highly siderophile elements (HSE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Re, Au), and their embedded radioactive decay systems, to changes in oxygen fugacity ( f O2), sulfur fugacity ( f S2) and pressure ( P )—in particular through the impact of these parameters on the stability of the main HSE-bearing sulfide and alloy phases makes them potentially powerful tracers of their melting environment. Therefore, investigation of the HSE systematics of cratonic mantle peridotites, in combination with information from Re–Os isotopes on time-integrated enrichment or depletion, can help us to understand processes leading to mantle differentiation and continental lithosphere formation in the Archean, which are controversial subjects despite decades of research. The longevity of the cratonic lithosphere implies that there was ample opportunity for secondary overprint, obscuring our view of earlier processes. For example, destabilization of platinum-group element (PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd) alloy leading to depletions in the compatible PGE, and perhaps Pt, in some cratonic mantle samples may occur in an oxidizing mantle wedge or through interaction with oxidizing small-volume, volatile-rich melts that typically invade cratonic roots. Such melts may eventually deposit S, Pd, Pt and Re and also capture remaining PGE alloys, consistent with the anomalous S-rich character of many kimberlite-borne xenoliths. Their basalt-borne counterparts show additional late effects of subaerial degassing that can deplete volatile elements (S, Re, Os). Basaltic melts can also scavenge PGE alloys at depth, while still sulfide-undersaturated. Such melts, may, …
Surge dynamics on Bering Glacier, Alaska, in 2008–2011

A surge cycle of the Bering Glacier system, Alaska, is examined using observations of surface velocity obtained using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) offset tracking, and elevation data obtained from the University of Alaska Fairbanks LiDAR altimetry program. After 13 yr of quiescence, the Bering Glacier system began to surge in May 2008 and had two stages of accelerated flow. During the first stage, flow accelerated progressively for at least 10 months and reached peak observed velocities of ~ 7 m d −1 . The second stage likely began in 2010. By 2011 velocities exceeded 9 m d −1 or ~ 18 times quiescent velocities. Fast flow continued into July 2011. Surface morphology indicated slowing by fall 2011; however, it is not entirely clear if the surge is yet over. The quiescent phase was characterized by small-scale acceleration events that increased driving stresses up to 70%. When the surge initiated, synchronous acceleration occurred throughout much of the glacier length. Results suggest that downstream propagation of the surge is closely linked to the evolution of the driving stress during the surge, because driving stress appears to be tied to the amount of resistive stress provided by the bed. In contrast, upstream acceleration and upstream surge propagation is not dependent on driving stress evolution.
Master programme in International Economics with a focus on China “ The Impact of China ’ s Rise on Developing World : The Relationship between Trade Openness with China and Growth in Africa

This research tries to prescribe Chinese trade impact on Africa by analyzing the underlying link between trade openness and growth. We invoke trade openness theoretical and methodological tools to instrument our explanatory variable and control for causation, allowing us to measure the relationship between geographical component of trade and the level of income. We find no significant relationship between total trade shares and income, but find positive effects, yet limited, associated with countries other than top importers from China. We conclude that with a highest probability, Chinese impact on Africa is limited, although likely not negative.
Assessing the Meaning of Metaphors in Real-Time: A Cross-Modal Investigation

Natural language is replete with figurative expressions such as "my lawyer is a shark," and listeners are expected to intuitively understand the intended, rather than the literal meaning of such expressions. But what are the cognitive resources involved in attaining meaning for such sentences? According to proponents of the pragmatic model of metaphor comprehension, metaphors are first interpreted literally, and then, upon realizing they cannot be true, listeners search for implicatures that could convey the speaker’s intended meaning (Searle, 1979; Grice, 1989). In contrast, direct-access models of metaphor processing have posited that metaphors can be understood directly, circumventing higher-order cognitive processes (e.g. Glucksberg & Keysar, 1990). The present thesis investigated these theories using a cross-modal lexical decision paradigm (Swinney, 1979) with a novel brief masked target presentation at two probe points, in order to assess the moment-by-moment on-line processes involved in metaphor comprehension. We predicted that, following the pragmatic model, literally related target words would yield greater priming effects at the vehicle (e.g., shark) recognition point (a), compared to figurative targets, in both metaphor and simile conditions. At the later probe point (b), 500 ms after the vehicle’s recognition point, we expected that figurative targets would yield greater priming effects during metaphor comprehension as literal meanings were discarded. Results obtained from a preliminary sample demonstrated priming of related target words across conditions, but no significant differences between conditions. We discuss how these results may best be interpreted as supporting the dual-processing account of metaphor interpretation put forth by Carston (2010), which suggests that metaphors are held in the mind as literally true even as fast ad-hoc concepts are simultaneously created to interpret intended speaker meaning.
EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITY ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CONTENTS OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS SAXIFRAGA STOLONIFERA

To provide a theoretical basis for artificial cultivation of Saxifraga stolonifera, we cultured the plants under different types of agriculture films and compared their effect on photosynthesis, leaf microstructure and active ingredient contents using Li 6400 portable photosynthesis instrument, paraffin method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the quality of transmitted light differed significantly under different film sheds, showing the highest UV transmittance under the white film shed as well as the highest red/blue ratio and lowest green/red ratio under the red film shed. Leaf gas exchange of S. stolonifera showed a “bimodal” diurnal variation curve under all sheds. Among them, S. stolonifera under red film shed showed the highest daily average net photosynthetic rate (PN) of 7.62 μmol m s and the greatest PN from the fitted photosynthesis-light response curve. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameter displayed that S. stolonifera under the red film shed had the highest electron transfer rate of 58.4 μmol m s. Saxifraga stolonifera under red shed had the thickest mesophyll tissue and the highest active ingredient content and biological yield. In conclusion, shedding with red film is most conducive for photosynthesis of S. stolonifera.