Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of fall season tropical plumes in enhancing Saharan rainfall during the African Humid Period

The early Holocene to mid‐Holocene African Humid Period (AHP) is marked by widespread rainfall throughout the present‐day arid Sahara. Here we simulate early Holocene and mid‐Holocene climate with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 to explore the role of fall season dynamics in driving Saharan rainfall during the AHP. An enhanced summer monsoon during the AHP results in abundant fall season moisture throughout tropical Africa, particularly during the mid‐Holocene. During the fall, extratropical troughs advect tropical moisture toward the Sahara in the form of concentrated plumes of water vapor and extend the Saharan rainy season into October. Fall season tropical plumes contribute up to 30% of annual Saharan rainfall during the mid‐Holocene. Our results suggest that tropical plumes serve as an important mechanism for enhancing Saharan rainfall during the late AHP and that further understanding of changes in tropical plumes through time may provide valuable insights into past African hydroclimate change.
Estimation of Sarcopenia Indices in Women from Saudi Arabia in Relation to Menopause and Obesity: Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Sarcopenia prevalence depends on the definition, and ethnicity must be considered when setting reference values. However, there is no specific cut-off for sarcopenia in Saudi women. Accordingly, we aimed to establish a cut-off value for sarcopenia in Saudi women. We determined the prevalence of sarcopenia in terms of low handgrip strength (HGS) in postmenopausal women using the EWGSOP2 value, redefined a specific cut-off for low HGS derived from Saudi premenopausal women, re-determined the prevalence of low HGS using the new cut-off, and analyzed the proportion of low HGS in women with obesity compared to those without obesity. Following EWGSOP2 guidelines, we defined probable sarcopenia and set new HGS values. We assessed HGS and body composition in 134 pre/postmenopausal women. Probable sarcopenia prevalence was calculated using EWGSOP2’s HGS of 16 kg and new cut-offs from young premenopausal women without obesity. HGS 10 and 8 kg cut-offs were calculated from premenopausal Saudi women’s mean −2 SDs and mean −2.5 SDs. Using the HGS 16 kg cut-off, sarcopenia prevalence was 44% in postmenopausal and 33.89% in premenopausal women. Applying the new HGS 10 kg and 8 kg cut-offs, the prevalence was 9.33% and 4%, respectively, in postmenopausal and 5% and 3.40%, respectively, in premenopausal women. Women with obesity had a higher proportion of low HGS across all cut-offs. We suggest that EWGSOP2 cut-offs may not be adaptable for Saudi women. Considering body composition differences between Saudis and Caucasians, our proposed HGS cut-offs appear more relevant.
Consumer Knowledge of and Confusion with Driving Automation: Trends, Challenges and Implications

A variety of lower-level automation features, including driver support technologies and active driving assist features, are widely implemented in today’s vehicles. However, consumer knowledge of driving automation remains limited, and a more comprehensive understanding is needed regarding the links between knowledge, acceptance, and consumer characteristics. This study used data from a multi-year series of large-scale surveys to analyze trends and dynamics in consumer knowledge. Results showed a consistently low accuracy regarding the definition of fully automated, self-driving vehicles across consumers of different demographic and behavioral characteristics. In contrast, self-rated knowledge of self-driving vehicles varied between different consumer segments, with no significant association with actual knowledge, suggesting a prevalence of misperceptions and over-confidence among the general public. This paper discusses implications for consistent messaging, targeted communication, and improved use of terminology for establishing knowledge and ensuring that future acceptance is grounded on correct understanding.
Associations Between Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Neighborhood Social Context and Pregnancy-Related Weight Gain

Background: Weight gained during childbearing has significant implications for maternal and child health. Both too much and too little weight gained during pregnancy can result in adverse outcomes. Recommendations for ideal gestational weight gain (GWG) have been developed by the Institute of Medicine, but achieving these standards remains a challenge. Better understanding of the wider context in which women experience pregnancy may aid in the development of novel interventions to improve trends in healthy GWG. Neighborhoods define one such dimension of women’s wider context that is emerging as a promising factor in this area of research. However, limited work has considered long-term exposure to neighborhood environments or the role of women’s perceptions of their neighborhood environments in relation to either inadequate or excessive GWG.Methods: This dissertation explores the associations between long- and short-term exposure to neighborhood social and socioeconomic context and GWG using data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. It additionally investigates associations between objective and perceived measures of neighborhood social context in relation to GWG. The first paper investigates associations between long-term, cumulative neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and GWG. The second paper investigates associations between objectively measured and perceptions of point-in-time neighborhood social environment and GWG. Objective neighborhood social environment is measured using neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation. Perceived neighborhood social environment is assessed from women’s self-report of problems within their neighborhood environment. The final paper in this dissertation conducts a systematic review of the literature to characterize the reporting error associated with use of self-reported, pregnancy-related weight in efforts to move the field toward developing bias correction techniques to address methodological limitations of this measure. While not directly related to understanding neighborhoods and GWG, this issue is relevant to future studies in this area that rely on self-reported weight.Conclusion: The papers included in this dissertation illustrate the importance of considering both long-term and short-term measures of neighborhood social context in order to fully understand how neighborhood environments impact inadequate and excessive GWG. In particular, long-term measures of exposure to neighborhood environments should be more fully considered in order to better understand how neighborhoods can support healthy GWG. Interventions based on this improved knowledge of the environment in which women experience weight gain during pregnancy may improve GWG outcomes and health trajectories of both mother and child. Future studies in this area may also benefit from more rigorous study of variation of reporting error in self-reported pregnancy-related weight by maternal characteristics, which will aid in the development of bias correction techniques for these widely used measures.
The Impact of Nutritional Therapy in the Management of Overweight/Obese PCOS Patient Candidates for IVF

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder, and it has two main pathological aspects: reproductive and metabolic. Overweight/obesity is a risk factor in terms of adverse effects during hormone stimulation, a reduced response to ovulation induction regimens, reduced success of IVF, and an increased risk of obstetric complications. To resolve this vicious cycle of pathological events, weight loss and lifestyle modifications are promising strategies. Among these possible approaches, the consumption of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) or Mediterranean diet (MD) represents a valid option. In our study, 84 obese/overweight PCOS patients were recruited to evaluate the effects induced by the VLCKD and MD on weight, hormonal, and metabolic parameters. BMI decreased significantly among the VLKCD patients compared to the MD patients (both presenting p values < 0.0001 at 90 and 120 days), and a significant reduction in body circumference was observed. At the same time, HOMA index values statistically decreased for the VLCKD patients compared to those on the MD (p value < 0.001 at 90 days and p value < 0.05 at 120 days), and this phenomenon was also observed for AFC at 90 and 120 days (both p values < 0.001) and AMH at 90 days (p value < 0.05). Interestingly, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) incidence was statistically lower in the VLKCD patients compared to the MD patients (p < 0.001). We state that these dietary regimes may improve anthropometric parameters (such as BMI) and women’s reproductive health, restore menstrual regularity, and reduce the risk of OHSS. Regarding the different nutritional therapies, the results suggest that the VLCKD is an optimal choice for entry into IVF, especially in terms of the time range in which these results are achieved.
The Lure of London: A Comparative Study of Recent Graduate Migration from Germany, Italy and Latvia

This paper is explicitly comparative and examines the motivations and characteristics of the recent migration to the UK of three highly educated young-adult national groups – from Germany, Italy and Latvia. The research on which the paper is based draws on four doctoral theses which have focused, wholly or in part, on the emigration of graduates to the UK, mainly the London area. Theoretically the paper links to core-periphery dynamics within Europe and to the trope of ‘crisis’ – economic, structural and personal – to help to explain the many reasons why young graduates from these three countries migrate to the UK. Each of the three nationalities represents a different regional economic and geopolitical positioning within Europe. German graduates are moving from one economically powerful European core country to another, traversing shallow economic and cultural boundaries. Italian graduates migrate from a relatively peripheral Southern European country where, especially in Southern Italy, the employment and career prospects for young educated people have long been difficult and have become more so with the recent crisis. They find opportunities in the economically and culturally dynamic London region which are unavailable to them in Italy. Latvian graduates depart from a different European periphery, the Eastern one, post-socialist and post-Soviet; like the Italians, economic motives largely dictate their moves whereas, for the Germans, migration is more related to lifestyle, life-stage, and the wish to experience living in a large, multicultural and cosmopolitan city. Based on 125 in-depth interviews, the paper teases out the main narrative differences and similarities between the three groups.
Ecological factors associated with child sexual abuse among 15- to 17-year-old adolescents in mainland China: implications for intervention

Background Child sexual abuse is a major public health problem with adverse consequences for victims’ physical, mental, and reproductive health. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of child sexual abuse and its associated factors among 15- to 17-year-old adolescents in mainland China. Methods From September 8, 2019 to January 17, 2020, a total of 48,660 participants were recruited by 58 colleges and universities across the whole country to complete the self-administered, structured, online questionnaire. This analysis was restricted to 3,215 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years in mainland China. Chi-square tests and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify individual, relationship, and community factors associated with child sexual abuse. Results The overall prevalence of child sexual abuse was 12.0%. More specifically, 13.0% of girls and 10.6% of boys reported that they were sexually abused prior to 18 years of age. At the individual level, being female, sexual minority identity, younger age, and higher levels of knowledge, skills and self-efficacy regarding condom use were significantly related to increased odds of reporting sexual abuse. At the relationship and community level, adolescents from disrupted families and those entering into a marriage, having casual sexual partners, and having first intercourse at a younger age were more likely to report sexual abuse. On the contrary, those who had never discussed sex-related topics with their family members at home and were offered school-based sexuality education later (vs. earlier) were less likely to report sexual abuse. Conclusion Multilevel prevention programs and strategies, including targeting adolescents with high-risk characteristics, educating young children and their parents about child sexual abuse prevention and optimizing the involvement of parents, school, community, society and government in comprehensive sexuality education, should be taken to reduce child sexual abuse among 15- to 17-year-old adolescents.
Genetic Variability and Heterosis in Maize

Collection and evaluation of varieties is very essential in any crop. improvement work. The studies were conducted (i) to evaluate 86 indigenous and 23 inbread lines of maize introduced from U S. A. for yield and other economic characters and (ii) to estimate the extent of heterosis exhibited by these introduced inbred lines in cross combination with the local standard variety of mize and the results are presented in this paper.
Diagnostics of tropical cyclogenesis in four operational global NWP models : case studies for typhoons Megi (2010) and Jelawat (2012)

This study aims to elucidate why some operational global models can predict TC genesis successfully, while others cannot by conducting two case studies for Typhoons Megi (2010) and Jelawat (2012). The archived data of the global model forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) are analyzed and compared. For Megi (2010), the ECMWF model showed the best skill in predicting the genesis with the longest leading time. For Jelawat (2012), the NCEP model was the best among the four models. In order to differentiate the developing and non-developing systems in the forecast fields, a new index, called GPIOWZ is introduced in this study. It is based on the original Genesis Potential Index (GPI) proposed by Emanuel and Nolan (2004), and modified using the Okubo-Weiss-Zeta (OWZ) parameter (Tory et al. 2013) instead of the absolute vorticity in order to detect the rotational component of vorticity associated with a disturbance. The results show that the GPIOWZ is a good indicator of the developing and non-developing systems. The failed forecasts tend to show a smaller OWZ parameter, lower relative humidity (RH) in the mid-troposphere, stronger vertical wind shear (VWS) and/or weaker maximum potential intensity (MPI). The advantage of using the new GPIOWZ index is that sensitivity experiments can be conducted to identify which parameter(s) contribute negatively to the index and thus produce a negative effect on the failed genesis forecasts. Results from our limited sensitivity experiments indicate that the parameters with negative effects vary from model to model and with different forecasts.
Integrated Skin Microbiome-Metabolome Analysis Reveals Altered Bacterial Community Composition and Metabolites in Psoriasis

Objective: Current theories highlight the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Additionally, abnormal metabolism can alter disease processes in terms of occurrence, progression, and prognosis. Therefore, an integrative microbiome and metabolome analysis of the skin may aid in understanding the disease pathogenesis and identify therapeutic targets for psoriasis. Methods: We recruited 22 patients with psoriasis and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Skin swabs were collected from the participants’ scalps. All samples underwent amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and V3V4 16S rRNA regions and metabolome analysis. For amplicon data, analysis of the alpha diversities, microbial community structures and principal coordinate analysis were performed. Differential metabolites and pathway enrichment were analyzed for metabolome data. Student t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The psoriatic lesions were characterized by higher bacterial diversity, significantly higher abundances of Corynebacterium (P < 0.001) and Staphylococcus (P = 0.012), and a lower abundance of Cutibacterium (P < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. However, no significant alterations in the fungal diversity or fungal taxonomies were detected. Metabolome analysis revealed that prostaglandin-related metabolites, nucleotides, and cysteine- and methionine-related metabolites were significantly enriched in patients with psoriasis, and these metabolites were positively correlated with the disease-associated bacteria Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium. Conclusions: We demonstrated significant alterations in the skin microbiome and metabolome in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN INDEKS LQ45 (2015-2019)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, dan kebijakan dividen terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan yang terdaftar pada indeks LQ45 pada tahun 2015 - 2019. Jumlah data yang sesuai dengan kriteria sampel adalah 85 data. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda untuk menguji pengaruh masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan karena semakin tinggi nilai utang atau struktur modal suatu perusahaan maka dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaan. Ukuran perusahaan juga berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan. Profitabilitas suatu perusahaan juga berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan Kebijakan dividen juga berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan Secara teoretis, penelitian ini sesuai dengan pecking order theory yang menyatakan bahwa perusahaan yang memiliki tingkat utang yang tinggi dan tingkat pengelolaan yang baik maka akan meningkatkan nilai perusahaan dari perusahaan tersebut. Perusahaan dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaannya dengan memerhatikan tingkat utang atau struktur modalnya, meningkatkan ukuran perusahaan, meningkatkan profitabilitas, dan meningkatkan dividen yang diberikan kepada para investor.
Shallow borehole tilt: A reprise

We describe results from nearly a decade of tilt measurements produced by two arrays of shallow borehole tiltmeters: one in a semiarid environment at Pinon Flat Observatory (PFO), California (depth of burial 4.5 m) and the other in a maritime-Arctic environment at Adak, Alaska (depth of burial 2 m). Although renovation and reinstallation of the instruments at the two sites reduced thermal noise, it did not change the secular records significantly. This implies that the large tilts observed reflect instability of the ground rather than the sensor, so that deeper installations should give better results. The PFO data show large rainfall-related tilts (caused by near-surface weathering) and also periodic temperature-related tilts (from several thermoelastic effects). The Adak data are dominated by tilts from the annual temperature cycle (though by a smaller amount than at PFO), but at other frequencies they show essentially the same power levels as at PFO. Both data sets confirm earlier results that burial at such shallow depths, even in apparently stable material, is inadequate for the measurement of tectonic tilts.
Ultrathin Flexible Skin With All-Polyimide Pressure and Airflow Sensor Array for Estimation of Flight Parameters

The estimation of the airspeed and angle of attack (AOA) is crucial for achieving precise flight control in small unmanned aerial vehicles. A flexible skin with distributed flow sensors has been proven to be an effective approach to estimate flight parameters, particularly, pressure-airflow data fusion strategies can improve estimation accuracy. For the first time, we propose an ultrathin ( $70 \mu \text{m}$ ) all-polyimide flexible skin integrated with capacitive pressure sensors and piezoresistive airflow sensors. The ultrathin structure of the flexible skin endows it with flexibility and adaptability to curved airfoils and avoids disturbing the flow field near the surface. Meanwhile, the rational arrangement of the sensors on the leading edge of the airfoil makes them insensitive to the angle of sideslip (AOS). The pressure and airflow sensors achieve a resolution of 4.5 Pa and 2.4 m/s, respectively. Using a simple multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, we estimate the average solving errors of airspeed and AOA to be 0.79 m/s and 0.67°, respectively. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed flexible skin considerably reduces the workload by decoupling the airspeed, AOA, and AOS, providing a facile method for efficient and accurate flight parameter estimation.
The Roles of Organizational Commitment, Emotional Intelligence, and Job Satisfaction for Improving Employee Performance at a Construction Company

The research analyzed the influence of organizational commitment, emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction on employee performance. It aimed to determine the variables with the most significant influence on employee performance. The object of the research was a construction company where employee performance had an important role in ensuring long-term business sustainability. Quantitative research applied purposive sampling techniques. The number of respondents used as a research database was 100 people. Then, the influence of these variables was analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The research results show that organizational commitment, emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction have a positive effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction is found to have the highest impact on employee performance. The research makes a positive contribution to the body of knowledge by analyzing the influence of organizational commitment, emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction on employee performance. Organizations need to increase organizational commitment and emotional intelligence of their employees because the sustainability of an organization's business is very dependent on the performance of its employees. Then, business quality is determined by commitment and emotional intelligence which influence employee performance comprehensively. Meanwhile, job satisfaction is a concern focused on companies for the stability of employee performance. It is hoped that the research will provide positive recommendations for the company and emphasize the central role of employee performance in the success of its business.