Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Job competition and entry wages of highly educated workers: are there differences between Great Britain and Finland?

This paper analyses the impact that local labour market conditions have on entry wages of highly educated workers in Great Britain and Finland. In both countries, workers entering the labour market in regions with (or periods of) tighter job competition obtain lower wages. Competition from employed job seekers has a negative impact on entry wages in both countries, while competition from unemployed job seekers has a negative impact only in Finland. Overall, the wage elasticity is larger in Great Britain than in Finland, suggesting that centralised collective bargaining might mitigate the impact that local labour market conditions have on entry wages.
A P ] 9 O ct 2 01 6 MULTIDIMENSIONAL TRANSITION FRONTS FOR FISHER

We study entire solutions to homogeneous reactiondiffusion equations in several dimensions with Fisher-KPP reactions. Any entire solution 0 < u < 1 is known to satisfy lim t→−∞ sup ∣x∣≤c∣t∣ u(t, x) = 0 for each c < 2 √ f ′(0) , and we consider here those satisfying lim t→−∞ sup ∣x∣≤c∣t∣ u(t, x) = 0 for some c > 2 √ f ′(0) . When f is C and concave, our main result provides an almost complete characterization of transition fronts as well as transition solutions with bounded width within this class of solutions.
Design and analysis of single-mode oxidized VCSELs for high-speed optical interconnects

Oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) are fabricated for applications in high-performance optical interconnects. Both 980-nm as well as 850-nm wavelength devices in one- and two-dimensional arrays are investigated. Noise properties of single- and multimode devices under different operation conditions are relative intensity noise of single-mode devices can be as low as -150 dB/Hz at output powers of about 1 mW and feedback levels up to -30 dB. Data rates up to 12.5 Gb/s with bit error rates below 10/sup -11/ are achieved with VCSELs showing stable single-mode emission at large-signal modulation, combined with modulation bandwidths exceeding 10 GHz. Arrays with 4/spl times/8 elements flip-chip mounted on Si CMOS driver chips ready for use in parallel data transmission systems are presented.
Improved Torque Ripple of Switched Reluctance Motors using Sliding Mode Control for Electric Vehicles

This study describes the direct torque control-DTC approach, based on the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) technology with chattering reduction, for reducing the torque ripple of the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). The SRM torque control loop has been given the SMC treatment to account for the low-frequency fluctuations in the torque output. To maintain a consistent motor speed, the sliding mode controller modifies the value of the reference current. The findings demonstrate that the constant sliding mode controller is superior to PI controllers at lowering the motor's torque ripple, compensating for its nonlinear torque characteristics, and rendering the drive insensitive to parameter changes. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation has been used to show how well this SMC performs. The performance of the proposed SMC method has been demonstrated by simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK with a three-phase 8/6 pole, and a 2kW SRM.
HoBi-like Pestivirus Is Highly Prevalent in Cattle Herds in the Amazon Region (Northern Brazil)

Pestiviruses are globally distributed and cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industry. In Brazil, the country with the world’s largest cattle population, pestivirus infections are well described in some regions, such as in the south, where a high frequency of BVDV-2 is described and contrasts with the high prevalence of HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) in the northeast. However, there is a lack of information about pestiviruses in the Amazon Region, in northern Brazil, with a cattle population estimated at 55.7 million head, which has a significant impact on the international livestock market. Therefore, this study investigated the seroprevalence and genetic variability of ruminant pestiviruses in 944 bovine serum samples from four states in northern Brazil: Pará (PA), Amapá (AP), Roraima (RR), and Amazonas (AM). Our results showed that 45.4% of the samples were seropositive (19.8% for BVDV-1, 14.1% for BVDV-2, and 20.9% for HoBiPeV). All samples were tested by RT–qPCR, and three were positive and classified as HoBiPeV in a phylogenetic analysis. These serological and molecular results contrast with those from other regions of the world, suggesting that the northern Brazilian states have a high prevalence of all bovine pestiviruses including HoBiPeV.
Extraordinary transmission through a silver film perforated with cross shaped hole arrays in a square lattice

In this work, the transmission through cross shaped hole with different sizes but the same lattice constant was measured with the polarized light to investigate the variation of localized charge oscillation around the hole. The comparison between the transmission intensities through the similarly arranged periodic hole array with different hole shapes, i.e., cross, square, and rectangular, were also measured. The cross shaped hole gives rise to a larger transmission of light than those perforated with square or rectangular hole.
“In the Wild” Video Content as a Special Case of User Generated Content and a System for Its Recognition

In the five years between 2017 and 2022, IP video traffic tripled, according to Cisco. User-Generated Content (UGC) is mainly responsible for user-generated IP video traffic. The development of widely accessible knowledge and affordable equipment makes it possible to produce UGCs of quality that is practically indistinguishable from professional content, although at the beginning of UGC creation, this content was frequently characterized by amateur acquisition conditions and unprofessional processing. In this research, we focus only on UGC content, whose quality is obviously different from that of professional content. For the purpose of this paper, we refer to “in the wild” as a closely related idea to the general idea of UGC, which is its particular case. Studies on UGC recognition are scarce. According to research in the literature, there are currently no real operational algorithms that distinguish UGC content from other content. In this study, we demonstrate that the XGBoost machine learning algorithm (Extreme Gradient Boosting) can be used to develop a novel objective “in the wild” video content recognition model. The final model is trained and tested using video sequence databases with professional content and “in the wild” content. We have achieved a 0.916 accuracy value for our model. Due to the comparatively high accuracy of the model operation, a free version of its implementation is made accessible to the research community. It is provided via an easy-to-use Python package installable with Pip Installs Packages (pip).
Learning How to MIMIC: Using Model Explanations to Guide Deep Learning Training

Healthcare is seen as one of the most influential applications of Deep Learning (DL). Increasingly, DL models have been shown to achieve high-levels of performance on medical diagnosis tasks, in some cases achieving levels of performance on-par with medical experts. Yet, very few are deployed into real-life scenarios. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of trust in those models by medical professionals driven by the black-box nature of the deployed models. Numerous explainability techniques have been developed to alleviate this issue by providing a view on how the model reached a given decision. Recent studies have shown that those explanations can expose the models’ reliance on areas of the feature space that has no justifiable medical interpretation, widening the gap with the medical experts. In this paper we evaluate the deviation of saliency maps produced by DL classification models from radiologist’s eye-gaze while they study the MIMIC-CXR-EGD images, and we propose a novel model architecture that utilises model explanations during training only (i.e. not during inference) to improve the overall plausibility of the model explanations. We substantially improve the similarity between the model’s explanations and radiologists’ eye-gaze data, reducing Kullback-Leibler Divergence by 90% and increasing Normalised Scanpath Saliency by 216%. We argue that this significant improvement is an important step towards building more robust and interpretable DL solutions in health-care.
Images of electrostatic lower-hybrid-wave beam propagation in tokamak plasmas using a paraxial WKB approach

A multidimensional paraxial Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approach is used to yield the distribution of wave potential for electrostatic lower-hybrid wave propagation in tokamak plasmas under current-drive conditions. This so-called beam tracing allows a more detailed description of wave properties than standard ray tracing. Namely, it accounts for diffraction effects, hence energy flow, in the direction perpendicular to the group velocity.
Growth rate of a shocked mixing layer with known initial perturbations

Abstract We derive a growth-rate model for the Richtmyer–Meshkov mixing layer, given arbitrary but known initial conditions. The initial growth rate is determined by the net mass flux through the centre plane of the perturbed interface immediately after shock passage. The net mass flux is determined by the correlation between the post-shock density and streamwise velocity. The post-shock density field is computed from the known initial perturbations and the shock jump conditions. The streamwise velocity is computed via Biot–Savart integration of the vorticity field. The vorticity deposited by the shock is obtained from the baroclinic torque with an impulsive acceleration. Using the initial growth rate and characteristic perturbation wavelength as scaling factors, the model collapses the growth-rate curves and, in most cases, predicts the peak growth rate over a range of Mach numbers ( $1. 1\leq {M}_{i} \leq 1. 9$ ), Atwood numbers ( $- 0. 73\leq A\leq - 0. 35$ and $0. 22\leq A\leq 0. 73$ ), adiabatic indices ( $1. 40/ 1. 67\leq {\gamma }_{1} / {\gamma }_{2} \leq 1. 67/ 1. 09$ ) and narrow-band perturbation spectra. The mixing layer at late times exhibits a power-law growth with an average exponent of $\theta = 0. 24$ .
Numerical models and experiments on immiscible displacements in porous media

Immiscible displacements in porous media with both capillary and viscous effects can be characterized by two dimensionless numbers, the capillary number C, which is the ratio of viscous forces to capillary forces, and the ratio M of the two viscosities. For certain values of these numbers, either viscous or capillary forces dominate and displacement takes one of the basic forms: (a) viscous fingering, (b) capillary fingering or (c) stable displacement. We present a study in the simple case of injection of a non-wetting fluid into a two-dimensional porous medium made of interconnected capillaries. The first part of this paper presents the results of network simulators (100 × 100 and 25 × 25 pores) based on the physical rules of the displacement at the pore scale. The second part describes a series of experiments performed in transparent etched networks. Both the computer simulations and the experiments cover a range of several decades in C and M. They clearly show the existence of the three basic domains (capillary fingering, viscous fingering and stable displacement) within which the patterns remain unchanged. The domains of validity of the three different basic mechanisms are mapped onto the plane with axes C and M, and this mapping represents the ‘phase-diagram’ for drainage. In the final section we present three statistical models (percolation, diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) and anti-DLA) which can be used for describing the three ‘basic’ domains of the phase-diagram.
Workplace Humiliation and the Organization of Domestic Work

This study of domestic workers and employers in Kolkata (India) examines the significance of workplace humiliation as an important yet neglected concept for organization studies. It identifies practices of symbolic, sexual and physical workplace humiliation that shape corporeality and subjectivity in such a way that workers feel inferior, fearful and docile. Practices of workplace humiliation serve the purpose of social reproduction by stabilizing the existing skewed power relations between workers and employers, and making workers comply inexpensively with the harsh requirements of highly exploitative workplaces. In foregrounding humiliation as a key organizational mechanism, this study furthers understanding of workplace humiliation, oppression, caste and exploitation in organization studies.
The Heroic Savior, the Jungle Guide and the Beacon Amidst a Fog of Uncertainty: Agency of Fathers in Prolonged Postdivorce Conflicts and Their Positioning of Children

ABSTRACT This qualitative study aims to explore how fathers in prolonged post-divorce conflict construct their parenting agency and position their child in relation to their view of conflict-related threats. Eight divorced fathers were interviewed, with experience of, on average, seven years of high conflict after separation. A reflective thematic design supplemented with positioning theory was used to analyze the fathers’ responses. Drawing on positioning theory, the fathers’ agency emerged in the analyses from three dominant storylines or world manifestations of post-divorce dangers. Fathers either acted as (1) heroic saviors in a polluted realm storyline where they positioned their children as victims that need to be saved from the dangers of impurity, (2) jungle guides in the wild nature storyline where they positioned their children as trainees of survival skills to deal with intrusive events and ever present post-divorce dangers, or (3) beacons in a foggy moor storyline where they re-positioned their own behavior to follow a self-clarifying routine so that their children would experience life in a less ambivalent, foggy and insecure manner. We argue that researchers and therapists would benefit from knowledge that captures the moral underpinnings of fathers’ agency.
Corrected Article: “Experimental study of liquid metal channel flow under the influence of a nonuniform magnetic field” [Phys. Fluids 18, 065108 (2006)]

We present an experimental study of a liquid metal flow in a rectangular channel under the influence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This is a fundamental problem of liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics that is relevant to the technique of electromagnetic braking in the process of continuous casting of steel as well as for Lorentz force velocimetry. Based on local velocity and electric potential measurements we identify three distinct flow regions; namely (i) a turbulence suppression region, (ii) a vortical region, and (iii) a wall jet region. It is shown that in region (i) the applied inhomogeneous magnetic field brakes the incoming flow in its central part and transforms the velocity profile, which is initially flat, into an M-shaped form. In the central part of the flow, the intensity of the velocity fluctuations is found to decrease strongly. In region (ii) where the magnetic field is strongest, the flow is characterized by large-scale vortical structures which are time dependent for certain values o.
Impact of LAB from Serpa PDO Cheese in Cheese Models: Towards the Development of an Autochthonous Starter Culture

Serpa is a protected designation of origin (PDO) cheese produced with raw ewes’ milk and coagulated with Cynara cardunculus. Legislation does not allow for milk pasteurization and starter culture inoculation. Although natural Serpa’s rich microbiota allows for the development of a unique organoleptic profile, it also suggests high heterogeneity. This raises issues in the final sensory and safety properties, leading to several losses in the sector. A possible solution to overcoming these issues is the development of an autochthonous starter culture. In the present work, some Serpa cheese Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-isolated microorganisms, previously selected based on their safety, technological and protective performance, were tested in laboratory-scale cheeses. Their acidification, proteolysis (protein and peptide profile, nitrogen fractions, free amino acids (FAA)), and volatiles generation (volatile fatty acids (VFA) and esters) potential was investigated. Significant differences were found in all parameters analyzed, showing a considerable strain effect. Successive statistical analyses were performed to compare cheese models and Serpa PDO cheese. The strains L. plantarum PL1 and PL2 and the PL1 and L. paracasei PC mix were selected as the most promising, resulting in a closer lipolytic and proteolytic profile of Serpa PDO cheese. In future work, these inocula will be produced at a pilot scale and tested at the cheese level to validate their application.
Effects of Morphology and Solvent/Temperature on THz Spectra: Take Nucleosides as Example

Water molecules were easy to combine with organic molecules and embed into the lattice of solid molecules to form a hydrate. Compared with anhydrous compounds, a hydrate has completely different physical and chemical properties. In this paper, terahertz (THz) spectra of five nucleosides in the solid and liquid phases were studied experimentally by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the frequency of 0.5–9 THz. In addition, the lattice energy, geometric structure, and vibration spectrum of the molecular crystal of the nucleosides were analyzed theoretically by the generalized energy-based fragmentation approach under periodic boundary conditions (denoted as PBC-GEBF). Furthermore, different nucleoside molecular morphology (monomer, polymer, and crystal), solvent (implicit and explicit water), and temperature/theoretical model effect on the THz spectra were mainly investigated. It was found that in the low-frequency band, the vibrational modes were generally originated from the collective vibration of all molecules involved (more than 99% of them were vibration; only less than 1% of them were rotation and translation), which can reflect the molecular structure and spatial distribution of different substances. The Gibbs free energy of thymidine monomer, dimer, tetramer, and crystal was studied. It was found that the cell-stacking energy had the greatest influence on the spectrum, indicating that only the crystal structure constrained by the periodic boundary conditions could well describe the experimental results. In addition, hydrophobic forces dominated the formation of new chemical bonds and strong inter-molecular interactions; the free water had little contribution to the THz spectrum of nucleosides, while crystalline water had a great influence on the spectrum.
Relativity of the mind: the mental representation of time as a function of space

In this paper, we investigated whether the mental representation of the abstract concept of time is based on the more concrete notion of space, following the conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). This was done using a semantic relatedness task, where both physical and temporal distance between the words, denoting moments in time, were manipulated. Contrary to what was hypothesised, no interaction effect between physical and temporal distance was found. The effects of distance in time and trial type that were found indicate possible flaws in the design of the experiment. Solutions to these problems are proposed. An alternative explanation for the absence of an interaction effect is discussed, and suggestions for further research are made.
Obliquity factor for radiation from solid-state laser

The radiated field consists of forward radiation at an angle ? and backward radiation at ? reflected from the dielectric-air interface into an additional component of field at angle ? The total radiation contains a factor that simplifies into an expression recently obtained by more sophisticated methods, and which is here interpreted as the Huygens obliquity factor for the arrangement. A small correction to the expression is also obtained.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Xyloglucan, Pea Protein and Opuntia ficus-indica Extract in a Preclinical Model of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal gene abnormalities, epidermal barrier defects and inflammation. Corticosteroids are considered to be standard treatments, but often come with side effects and lose efficacy with long-term use. Alternative treatments targeting the epidermal barrier defect are needed to manage the disease. Film-forming substances such as xyloglucan, pea protein and Opuntia ficus-indica extract (XPO) have generated interest for their ability to restore skin barrier integrity and may pose an alternative approach to disease management. Thus, the aim of this two-part study was to evaluate the barrier-protective properties of a topical cream containing XPO on the membrane permeability of keratinocytes exposed to inflammatory conditions and compare its efficacy to dexamethasone (DXM) in an in vivo model of psoriasis-like dermatitis. XPO treatment significantly reduced S. aureus adhesion, subsequent skin invasion and restored epithelial barrier function in keratinocytes. Furthermore, the treatment restored the integrity of keratinocytes, reducing tissue damage. In mice with psoriasis-like dermatitis, XPO significantly reduced erythema, inflammatory markers and epidermal thickening with a superior efficacy to dexamethasone. Given the promising results, XPO may represent a novel steroid-sparing therapeutic for epidermal-related diseases such as psoriasis, thanks to its ability to preserve skin barrier function and integrity.
Postmarketing Reporting of Paxlovid-Related Dysgeusia: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study.

OBJECTIVE A novel COVID-19 therapeutic, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid), is commonly associated with reports of dysgeusia. The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database was used to determine the real-world reporting of Paxlovid-associated dysgeusia (PAD), identify associated factors, and describe the relative reporting rates of dysgeusia for Paxlovid compared to other COVID-19 therapeutics (OCT), ritonavir alone, and other protease inhibitors (OPI). STUDY DESIGN Observational retrospective. SETTING Tertiary academic medical center. METHODS We collected patient and adverse event characteristics reported in the FAERS database between January 1968 and September 2022. Disproportionality analyses were used to compare the reporting of PAD to dysgeusia reported for OCT, ritonavir, and OPI. RESULTS 345,229 adverse events were included in the present study. Dysgeusia was a frequently reported Paxlovid-associated adverse event (17.5%) and was associated with nonserious COVID-19 infection (reporting odds ratio [ROR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 1.7) and female sex (ROR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.6, 1.9). Paxlovid was more likely to be associated with the reporting of dysgeusia compared to OCT (ROR 305.4; 95% CI 164.1, 568.5), ritonavir (ROR 28.0; 95% CI 24.1, 32.7), and OPI (ROR 49.0; 95% CI 42.8, 56.1). CONCLUSION Dysgeusia is much more likely to be reported by patients receiving Paxlovid than those receiving OCT, ritonavir alone, or OPI. These findings suggest a potential mechanism of dysgeusia that causes distorted taste out of proportion to the background effects of COVID-19 infection and specific to nirmatrelvir. Future studies are needed to determine the underlying pathophysiology and long-term clinical implications for patients who report dysgeusia with Paxlovid.