Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Oil Field Effluent on Soil Health and Physiological Growth in Small Tea Farms of Shalmari OCS-1, Dibrugarh, Assam

Aims: The investigation was undertaken to study the impact of spillage in the tea plantations in nearby oil fields with probable effect on the soil health and the growth of the tea crop with the following objectives to study the released from the oil fields on the physiology of tea crop and to study the impact of effluent on soil physicochemical in tea plants. Study Design: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for two factorial RBD was carried out using OPSTAT. Place and Duration of Study: The field study was carried out in Shalmari No. 1 near the Tingkhong tea estate of Dibrugarh. The laboratory works were carried out in the Department of Tea Husbandry & Technology and Department of Soil Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, between March’19 to February’20. Methodology: Two tea-growing seasons viz. Rainflush and autumn flush were considered. Samples were collected in four distances at an interval of 0-21 m, 21-42 m, and 42-63 m and beyond 63m (control site). A total of 24 plant samples was collected for both the season with respect to 4 distance and 3 replication. In the case of soil samples, a total of 24 soil samples were collected for both the season. Results: Plant parameters like water saturation deficit increased in crude oil affected site while decreased the relative turgidity, stomatal count, in the tea plants grown in the contaminated site. Bulk density, pH, organic carbon, and available nutrients in the contaminated site of the soils was increased. However, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and electrical conductivity were low in the contaminated area. Conclusion: The study reveals oil effluent spillage as a major factor for plant growth and soil quality deterioration and the impact was more pronounced in the vicinity of the drilling point adversely affecting plant physiological, soil physico-chemical parameters.
The role of Teachers’ Indigenous Knowledge and Cultural Competencies in Enhancing Students’ Engagement and Learning Outcomes

Grounded in constructivism and considering the context of literature studies, the current research examines the direct and indirect impact of students’ perception of their teachers’ indigenous knowledge and cultural competencies on their learning outcomes via an underlying mechanism of student engagement. The current study aims to provide insightful recommendations for academicians and school administrative bodies to provide necessary teacher training and development facilities so they can better transfer their knowledge to the students. Furthermore, the current study brings several theoretical and practical advances in the context of literature studies. Utilizing a time-lagged quantitative research design, data were collected from the 536 literature students from the higher educational institutions of Indonesia. Moreover, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS3 software. The results revealed that students’ perception of their teachers’ indigenous knowledge and cultural competency positively influences their learning outcomes in terms of cognitive, social, and interpersonal skills. Besides, no significant differences were found between the impact of teachers' indigenous knowledge and cultural competencies on students learning outcomes reflecting the utmost importance of both study constructs in enhancing students’ abilities. Moreover, results also revealed the significant mediatory role of students' engagement between their perceptions of teachers’ indigenous knowledge and cultural competencies to enhance their learning outcomes.
Changes in morpho-physiological traits of rice cultivars upon different fertilization regimes

Abstract Improving crop yield is one of the main challenges in lands with intensive agriculture. In order to study the nutritional treatment effects (macro and micro elements) on agronomic and morpho-physiologic traits on three different rice cultivars, a field experiment was conducted at Mazandaran province of Iran as a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three different fertilizer treatments including complete (NPK + micro elements), macro (NPK) and micro (N + Mn + Fe + Zn), along with a control (nutrient free) were applied. The results showed that distinctive cultivar’s 1000-grain weight and biomass, unlike other traits, was not significantly affected amongst the treatments. Fertilizer treatments, however, had significant effect on the studied agro-morphological, biochemical and physiological parameters of rice plants, except the number of panicles per plant and biomass. Furthermore, among yield components, interaction effect of cultivar and fertilizer on panicle per plant was significant. Among cultivars investigated, “Fajr” showed the highest panicle length, number of grains per panicle and panicle per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, respiration, stomatal conductance, harvest index and grain yield, whereas it had the shortest overall plants height. NPK + micro fertilizer treatment, also, had the most positive effect on production units in rice plant particularly chloroplast function, which eventually resulted in grain yield. Moreover, the combination of micro and macro nutrients facilitated the rate of CO2 and O2 exchange. Therefore, “Fajr” cultivar with more leaf area showed better efficiency in absorption of receipted lights and finally, because of high harvest index, transferred more assimilates into grains.
Akut Pankreatitli Sıçanlarda Bağırsak Geçirgenliğinin Değerlendirilmesinde Serum ve Bağırsak Dokusu Zonulin Düzeyleri

: To evaluate the eff ects on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), glutathione (GSH) levels as oxidative stress markers, zonulin levels, and histopathological findings of experimental acute pancreatitis (AP). Th is study was conducted three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (seven animals in every group). First group was evaluated as control group (sham laparotomy). Group 2 (AP, 48% ethyl alcohol) and group 3 (severe pancreatitis (SP), 80% ethyl alcohol) was performed. Th e eff ects of pancreatitis were evaluated by comparing these groups according to histopathologial results of polimorphonuclear leukocytes, infiltration, oedema, haemorrhagie, apoptosis, aciner cellular degeneration in pancreatic and intestinal tissue. In the SP group, completely fl attened mucosal surface and severe villi loss (total villous atrophy), disorganization and hyperplasia in the crypts in the lamina propria were detected. MDA, LOOH and zonulin levels in serum and intestinal tissue were found to be significantly higher in the SP group compared to the control group. Th e serum and intestinal tissue SOD and GSH were found to be significantly lower than the control group. In the AP group, while LOOH and zonulin in tissues were significantly higher than control, only zonulin levels in serum were found higher than control. Zonulin and oxidative stress is basically involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Biochemical results are also supported by histopatological improvement in intestinal and pancreas tissue. Patients with pancreatitis may be more exposed to impaired gut barrier function. Serum zonulin levels can be used in the evaluation of intestinal permeability in AP.
Partisan Sentiments and Political Trust: A Longitudinal Study of Spain

ABSTRACT This article seeks to gain a deeper understanding on the relationship between polarisation and political trust in multiparty systems by examining the effect of different indicators of affective and ideological polarisation on the within-individual variation of political trust over time. Using unique data collected from two separate online survey panels in Spain, our findings show that in multiparty contexts it is important to use two different measures of affective polarisation, as they have two distinct effects on political trust. While in-group affective polarisation tends to increase political trust, out-group polarisation has a negative impact on within-individual levels of trust in all democratic institutions. The latter effect is much stronger, adding nuance to existing explanations of the overall decline in political trust Observed in many democracies in contemporary democracies.
Enhancing productivity of perennial aromatic grasses on marginal lands through plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

The cultivation of perennial aromatic grasses on marginal lands is a socio‐economically and ecologically sustainable approach. However, the studies on assessment of the potential efficacies of consortium of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in enhancing the productivity of perennial aromatic grasses on marginal lands are rare. In this study, therefore, we studied the effect of PGPR consortium (Pseudomonas protegens and two strains of Bacillus paramycoides) on yield and economics of four perennial aromatic grasses (Vetiveria zizanioides, Cymbopogon citratus, C. martinii, and C. winterianus) in slightly alkaline (pH >8.50) soil. A field experiment was established in a complete randomized block design with two treatments (i.e. with PGPR consortium and without PGPR consortium) and three replications. The changes in growth (height, number of slips, and leaf area index), productivity (fresh shoot‐root biomass and oil yield), quality (important secondary metabolites), and economics (cost of cultivation, gross, and net return) in response to PGPR were observed at three harvests. The species‐specific effects of PGPR were found on the growth and productivity of perennial aromatic grasses. On an average, the highest increase in growth and productivity with the effect of PGPR was found in V. zizanioides followed by other grasses. The highest oil yield 16.38, 71.14, 53.13, and 49.49 kg ha−1 were recorded at third harvest in PGPR consortium treated plots for V. zizanioides, C. citratus, C. martinii, and C. winterianus, respectively. The agronomical economics show the highest net return of 2094.95 $US in the cultivation of V. zizanioides with the application of PGPR.
Longitudinal bidirectional effects between sleep quality and internalizing problems.

INTRODUCTION The current study tested the longitudinal bidirectional links between changes in sleep quality and two measures of internalizing problems, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and whether these links differed between males and females. METHODS Longitudinal data were collected from 570 early adolescents (58.6% female; Mage = 12.43 years, SD = 0.66 at Time 1) who were assessed four times over the course of 1.5 years. RESULTS Cross-lagged panel models were hypothesized and tested the bidirectional links between sleep quality and both depressive and anxiety symptoms; multigroup tests were used to test for sex differences. Sleep quality and developmental changes in sleep quality were negatively associated with developmental changes in depressive symptoms as well as anxiety symptoms over time, and vice versa. These associations did not differ between male and female early adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Study findings provide evidence that the relationship between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms as well as anxiety symptoms are likely bidirectional and consistently intertwined. Clinicians might consider both problems to better guide case conceptualization and treatment.
Post-Discharge Transitional Care Program and Patient Compliance With Follow-Up Activities

We explore whether the frequency of post-hospital discharge transitional care calls affects patients’ adherence to their discharge plans. We reviewed 1,000 call records of a post-discharge transitional care program run by a large U.S. tertiary care hospital in 2018–2019 and generated binary outcomes capturing patient self-reports of (1) scheduling or completing follow-up appointments, procedures, or prescription fills, (2) missing a scheduled event, and (3) reporting a new adverse clinical event. Our predictor variables captured callers’ success in completing the first and each subsequent call with discharged patients. We ran linear probability models (LPM) for each binary outcome after controlling for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results indicate successful completion of the first two calls was associated with the increased probability of scheduling or completing follow-up appointment (15.5% points, p < 0.01) and follow-up procedure (13.5% points, p < 0.01), and reporting new adverse event (5.9% points, p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that making the first phone call to patients, while crucial, may not be sufficient for effective care transition; making two to three phone calls seems to be more optimal, while further calls may have limited value.
Neurological Presentation of Giant Pituitary Tumour Apoplexy: Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare but Life-Threatening Condition

Background: Giant pituitary adenomas are benign intracranial tumours with a diameter ≥4 cm. Even if hormonally non-functional, they may still cause local extension, leading to symptoms that include mostly gland dysfunction, mass effects, and, much less frequently, apoplexy due to haemorrhage or infarction. Neurological presentation of giant pituitary tumour apoplexy is even more rare and has not been systematically reviewed. Case Presentation: An 81-year-old woman was admitted to the Emergency Department because of acute onset headache, bilateral visual deficit, and altered consciousness. Computed tomography showed a giant mass lesion (>5.5 cm diameter) expanding upward to the suprasellar cistern, optic chiasm, and third ventricle, over-running the sphenoid sinus, and with lateral invasion of the cavernous sinus. Laboratory investigations revealed central adrenal and hypothyroidism insufficiency, while magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a voluminous suprasellar tumour (~6 cm diameter), with signs of pituitary tumour apoplexy. Neurological manifestations and gland-related deficits improved after hormonal replacement therapy with a high dose of intravenous hydrocortisone, followed by oral hydrocortisone and levo-thyroxine. The patient declined surgical treatment and follow-up visit. Conclusions: Giant pituitary tumour apoplexy is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management may allow a remarkable clinical improvement, as seen in this case.
FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF PLAIN-MANTLED TIT-SPINETAIL (LEPTASTHENURA AEGITHALOIDES) IN SEMIARID MATORRAL, NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE

– We studied foraging behavior of Plain-mantled Tit-spinetail (Leptasthenura aegithaloides) in matorral (scrubland) habitat of north-central Chile. Our findings show this species is an insectivorous, perch-gleaning specialist. It frequents most dominant shrubs and searches for prey and food primarily in foliage, flower clusters, small twigs and lichen masses. Preferred shrubs include Porlieria and Baccharis. They forage from near the ground to shrubs exceeding two meters in height. They are most often encountered in pairs or in small, presumably family groups, of three to five birds. Mean densities in matorral habitats (1.49–1.69 birds per hectare) are higher than reported elsewhere. Tit-spinetails readily form mixed-species assemblages in matorral scrub, particularly in the Austral winter. Its foraging strategy and behavior are similar to North American Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) and Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus), both of the family Aegithalidae, suggesting convergent ecological strategies in structurally similar environments. Accepted 18 April 2011.
Food Science of Animal Resources

The bioactive functions of oligosaccharides from human milk have been reported by many studies. Many of oligosaccharides isolated from colostrum and/or milk of dairy animals have been reported to have similar chemical structures with those in human colostrum and/or milk. It has been proved by several studies that the oligosaccharides with similar chemical structure shared common bioactivities. Among domesticated dairy animals, bovine/cattle, caprine/goat, and ovine/sheep are the most commonly used species to isolate oligosaccharides from their colostrum and/or milk. Several studies on the oligosaccharides from goat colostrum and milk have revealed similar properties to that of human milk and possess the highest content of sialyl oligosaccharides (SOS) as compared to other ruminants. Indonesia ranks first in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for goat milk production. Therefore, goat milk is the second most consumed milk in the country. The most reared dairy goat breed in Indonesia is Etawah Grade. However, oligosaccharides from Indonesia dairy animals including goat, have not been characterized. This is the first study to characterize oligosaccharides from Indonesia dairy animals. The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize oligosaccharides, specifically SOS from the colostrum of Etawah Grade goats by using proton/1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The SOS successfully characterized in this study were: Neu5Ac(α23)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3’-N-acetylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc (6’-Nacetylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Gc(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3’-N-glycolylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc (6’-N-glycolylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4) GlcNAc (6’-N-acetylneuraminyllactosamine) and Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc (6’N-glycolylneuraminyllactosamine). This finding shows that Etawah Grade, as a local dairy goat breed in Indonesia, is having significant potential to be natural source of oligosaccharides that can be utilized in the future food and pharmaceutical industries.
The Impact of Conflict on State Capacity in Nigeria

Nigeria has witnessed incessant incidents of conflict-related violence in recent years. This paper seeks to investigate how conflicts affect state capacity in term of growth in GDP per capita and tax per GDP ratio, and to examine the potential spill over effect of conflict in neighbouring state. The System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique is employed for a panel data of 37 states in Nigeria over the period 2000 to 2013. Our main results show that increase in incident of conflict reduces state capacity, with more negative effect on growth than tax. We also find evidence that states suffer weaker growth and loss of tax revenue because of conflict in adjacent states due to spill over effect of conflict. The difference-in-differences method is used to unravel the net effect of conflict in the Boko Haram afflicted states relative to other states. The findings suggest that individuals living in states heavily affected by Boko Haram experienced a negative change in state capacity, especially in their perception of government provision of health and education, relative to unaffected states between 2008 and 2012. JEL codes: D74, 043, C23
Pressure and pressure derivative interpretation of a well in a completed-perforated multilayer reservoir with crossflow 

Various authors have introduced several models for the characterization of multilayer reservoirs. However, some have failed to provide results when the skin factor of the layers is negative. Therefore, in this work, a model applying the concept of the maximum effective hole diameter has been used to simulate pressure tests in multilayer reservoirs. The pressure behavior of such systems is similar to that of naturally fractured double porosity reservoirs. Then, using the unique features of the log–log plot of pressure and pressure derivative versus time, some expressions have been developed to characterize the reservoir. The equations are satisfactorily tested on three field examples. In this way, a more precise reservoir characterization would be achieved, which will imply better reservoir management
Simultaneous Prediction of Wheat Yield and Grain Protein Content Using Multitask Deep Learning from Time-Series Proximal Sensing

Wheat yield and grain protein content (GPC) are two main optimization targets for breeding and cultivation. Remote sensing provides nondestructive and early predictions of yield and GPC, respectively. However, whether it is possible to simultaneously predict yield and GPC in one model and the accuracy and influencing factors are still unclear. In this study, we made a systematic comparison of different deep learning models in terms of data fusion, time-series feature extraction, and multitask learning. The results showed that time-series data fusion significantly improved yield and GPC prediction accuracy with R2 values of 0.817 and 0.809. Multitask learning achieved simultaneous prediction of yield and GPC with comparable accuracy to the single-task model. We further proposed a two-to-two model that combines data fusion (two kinds of data sources for input) and multitask learning (two outputs) and compared different feature extraction layers, including RNN (recurrent neural network), LSTM (long short-term memory), CNN (convolutional neural network), and attention module. The two-to-two model with the attention module achieved the best prediction accuracy for yield (R2 = 0.833) and GPC (R2 = 0.846). The temporal distribution of feature importance was visualized based on the attention feature values. Although the temporal patterns of structural traits and spectral traits were inconsistent, the overall importance of both structural traits and spectral traits at the postanthesis stage was more important than that at the preanthesis stage. This study provides new insights into the simultaneous prediction of yield and GPC using deep learning from time-series proximal sensing, which may contribute to the accurate and efficient predictions of agricultural production.
Sub-cellular level resolution of common genetic variation in the photoreceptor layer identifies continuum between rare disease and common variation

Photoreceptor cells (PRCs) are the light-detecting cells of the retina. Such cells can be non-invasively imaged using optical coherence tomography (OCT) which is used in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor ocular diseases. Here we present the largest genome-wide association study of PRC morphology to date utilising quantitative phenotypes extracted from OCT images within the UK Biobank. We discovered 111 loci associated with the thickness of one or more of the PRC layers, many of which had prior associations to ocular phenotypes and pathologies. We further identified 10 genes associated with PRC thickness through gene burden testing using exome data. In both cases there was a significant enrichment for genes involved in rare eye pathologies, in particular retinitis pigmentosa. There was evidence for an interaction effect between common genetic variants, VSX2 involved in eye development and PRPH2 known to be involved in retinal dystrophies. We further identified a number of genetic variants with a differential effect across the macular spatial field. Our results suggest a continuum between normal and rare variation which impacts retinal structure, sometimes leading to disease.
Conflicting Fiduciary Duties and Fire Sales of VC-backed Start-ups

This paper studies the interactions between corporate law and VC exits by acquisitions, an increasingly common source of VC-related litigation. We find that transactions by VC funds under liquidation pressure are characterized by (i) a substantially lower sale price; (ii) a greater probability of industry outsiders as acquirers; (iii) a positive abnormal return for acquirers. These features indicate the existence of fire sales, which satisfy VCs’ liquidation preferences but hurt common shareholders, leaving board members with conflicting fiduciary duties and litigation risks. Exploiting an important court ruling that establishes the board’s fiduciary duties to common shareholders as a priority, we find that after the ruling maturing VCs become less likely to exit by fire sales and they distribute cash to their investors less timely. However, VCs experience more difficult fundraising ex-ante, highlighting the potential cost of a common-favoring regime. Overall the evidence has important implications for optimal fiduciary duty design in VC-backed start-ups.