Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AUTOTROPHIC CARBON SOURCES FOR FISH OF THE

Effective management of the Amazon's commercial fish populations requires an understanding of the factors controlling their production. A fundamental step in the investigation of fish production is to identify the plant groups that contribute energy to fish foodwebs. Stable isotope data for plants and 35 fish species were used to identify autotrophic carbon sources for the central Amazon fish community. Adult fish, aquatic macrophytes, tree parts, periphyton, and phytoplankton were collected in lakes and other flooded en- vironments along the central Amazon floodplain and analyzed for carbon stable isotope composition (613C) by mass spectroscopy. 613C values for plants ranged from -39.4 to - 1.9%oo with averages of -33.3, -28.8, -27.6, -26.2, and - 12.8%oo for phytoplankton, flooded forest trees, C3 aquatic macro- phytes, periphyton, and C4 macrophytes, respectively. The average for all C3 plants (phy- toplankton, trees, C3 macrophytes, and periphyton) was -29.1%oo, while the average for C4 plants (mainly C4 macrophytes) was - 12.8%oo. Mean 613C values for adult fish ranged from -37.0 to - 19.8%oo with an average of -28.8%oo. Fish and plant data were used in an isotope mixing model to estimate the relative contribution of different plant groups to fish carbon. C4 macrophytes, which contributed over half of the primary production on the floodplain, accounted on average for only 2.5-17.6% (minimum to maximum) of the carbon in fish. The C3 plants, as a group, were the primary carbon source for 34 fish species, and accounted for an average of 82.4-97.5% of the carbon in all species. Phytoplankton, a minor C3 producer, accounted for a minimum of 36.6% of fish carbon on average, and was the principal carbon source for the commercially important characiform detritivores. Sev- eral alternative hypotheses are proposed to explain the apparent selective transfer of C3 carbon through Amazon fish foodchains.
Occurrence of Staphylococcal Subclinical Mastitis in Cattle in and Around Jabalpur (M.P.)

Mastitis, caused by multifactorial etiopathological factors, is one of the costliest disease of dairy animals across the globe. The study was conducted for a period of more than 1 year i.e. from February 2015 to February 2016. For the epidemiological study 550 lactating cattle were screened by modified California mastitis test (MCMT). Clinical examination of animals and their udder/milk and phenotypic characterization of Staphylococcus spp. was carried out. The overall occurrence of Staphylococcal SCM was reported to be 16.36% (90/550) animal wise and 6.07% (127/2092) quarter wise as identified on the basis of colony morphology, characteristic colour changes on Mannitol salt agar, positive catalase test, haemolysis pattern on blood agar and DNase activity on DNase agar. Thirty one isolates were found coagulase positive as revealed by coagulase test and 96 were found to be coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS). The occurrence was highest in right hind quarter (8.77%), in age group of 5–7 years (23.77%). in 5th parity (25.64%) and in early lactation (31.64%) period. Occurrence was also reported higher in monsoon and post monsoon.
PRRSV genetic variation after the 2010 HP-PRRSV introduction in Thailand

After the first introduction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) into Thailand, Thai type 1 PRRSV has existed in the Thai swine population and caused subclinical diseases while type 2 PRRSV, which most PRRSV isolates belong to, has caused moderate to severe diseases. Highly pathogenic-PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) has recently emerged in Thailand, causing significant damages since its first introduction in 2010. Genetic characterization of Thai PRRSV isolates collected from several clinically affected swine herds distributed in different geographical locations in 2012 was analyzed using a comparative analysis between 2 hyper-variable regions, NSP2 and ORF5. Eleven selected PRRSV clinical samples collected from 11 clinically affected swine herds distributed in 10 provinces located in 4 regions of Thailand were sequenced. Partial NSP2 and ORF5 sequences of the virus revealed that the studied isolates were Thai type 2 PRRSV and could be separated into 2 groups, Thai HP-PRRSV and previous Thai type 2 PRRSV which had been circulating before the HP-PRRSV introduction in 2010. The Thai HP-PRRSV contained 30 deduced amino acids in 2 positions, which is the genetic characteristic of HP-PRRSV prototypes, and might be derived from the isolates introduced in 2010 or introduced later from neighboring countries based on a phylogenetic analysis. However, the classical Thai type 2 PRRSV isolate found in this study was also able to cause severe clinical diseases in the Thai swine herds. Mutations in some positions of both NSP2 and ORF5 genes naturally occurred; NSP2 and ORF5 are often used as genetic markers in terms of PRRSV evolution. In conclusion, after the introduction of HP-PRRSV, major PRRSV outbreaks in Thailand were mostly caused by HP-PRRSV.
Temperature and extinction in the sea: a physiologist's view

Climatic change has long been regarded as an important factor in evolutionary history. In particular, periods of enhanced extinction in marine taxa (especially those from warmer waters) have frequently been linked to decreases in seawater temperature. Studies of the physiology of marine invertebrates and fish alive today have revealed well-developed abilities to cope with temperature change, and there would thus appear to be a dichotomy between the rates of temperature change associated with extinction in geological history and the very much faster rates (by several orders of magnitude) with which many marine organisms can cope today. Nevertheless, evidence from ecology and biogeography indicates that temperature, or some temperature-associated factor, does play a significant role in determining the limits to performance, and hence distribution. The resolution of the dichotomy between the evidence from paleontology and physiology may come through a consideration of the role of the previous evolutionary history of the fauna, the influence of sudden temperature events, or the impact of climatic change on individual competitive ability, community structure, and ecosystem functioning. Studies of the energetics of marine invertebrates in relation to temperature and the evolutionary history of polar faunas indicate that we should beware of anthropocentric judgements in attempting to understand the role of climatic change in evolutionary history, and be critical in distinguishing the role of temperature per se from temperature-associated ecological factors. Present evidence suggests that climatic change in the sea, at least at the rates currently believed to be typical, is unlikely to cause extinction by direct physiological impact. It is more likely that extinction is caused by ecological factors; temperature change is thus only one of several factors that may promote those ecological changes that are currently the best candidates for the proximate cause of extinction in the sea.
Kombinasi Inulin Umbi Dahlia-Lactobacillus sp yang Mengoptimalkan Perkembangan Mikroflora Usus dan Pertumbuhan Persilangan Ayam Pelung-Leghorn (COMBINATION INULIN OF DAHLIA VARIABILIS TUBERS-LACTOBACILLUS SP OPTIMIZING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTESTINAL MICRO

The research was aimed to evaluate the combination effect of inulin dahlia tuber and Lactobacillus spdevelopment micro flora on intestinal and productivity of crossbred local chicken. The present researchwas assigned in a completely randomized design with factorial pattern, 2x3. The first factor was two levelsof dahlia tuber powder as inulin source 0.8% (A1) and 1.2% (A2), and, the second factor was three levels ofLactobacillus sp namely, without Lactobacillus sp (B0), 1.2 mL (108 cfu/mL) (B1) and 2.4 mL (108 cfu/mL)(B2). Each treatment combination was replicated four times with seven birds each. Parameters observedwere total of lactic acid bacteria (BAL), Escherichia coli, pH and body weight gain. The results showed thatfeeding inulin dahlia tubers at 1.2% and Lactobacillus sp at 1.2 mL (108 cfu/mL) sp either in partial orinteraction significantly (P<0.05) affected the total LAB, E. coli, pH and body weight gain. In conclusion,combination of inulin from dahlia tubers and Lactobacillus can increase total LAB and body weight gain,decrease total E. coli and pH.
Microhabitat Use by Stream-Dwelling Spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus and Accompanying Species: Implications for Conservation

Abstract. Microhabitat use in the endangered cyprinid species spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus and accompanying species was examined in three water courses of Slovakia to determine the species' environmental requirements as a basis for informing conservation policy and management. In all three rivers, water velocity, water depth and substratum character were central features of spirlin microhabitat use, regardless of year or season of sampling, with only limited variation in microhabitat associations as a function of time of day. Clear differences in microhabitat use and intra-specific associations during development were observed in two of the rivers. In particular, a shift in velocity preference towards faster flowing waters appears characteristic of spirlin during their larval and juvenile development, and possibly also that of gudgeon Gobio gobio, European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus, and chub Leuciscus cephalus, which are all species that may be significantly associated with young spirlin. Disproportionate use of deeper waters tended to increase with age in spirlin, and in gudgeon and barbel Barbus barbus, but spirlin preference for substratum was less uniform, with affinities ranging from indifference to strong preference. This contrasts the clear preferences for sand in gudgeon and for cobbles in European bullhead Cottus gobio. Of particular importance to young-of-the-year (YOY) spirlin are lentic zones with some sort of ligneous debris — habitat also used by YOY gudgeon and minnow. Contrary to previous reports elsewhere, spirlin did not avoid in-stream vegetation where present, and in one river it was preferred by YOY and 1+ spirlin. To avoid declines in spirlin and accompanying stream-dwelling species, such as reported elsewhere in Europe, river management in water courses such as these should be limited to the rehabilitation of regulated sections to achieve a natural, heterogeneous channel character.
Systematic Review Effectiveness of Mobile App-Based Interventions to Support Diabetes Self- Management: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide due to its rapidly growing prevalence and high disease burden. Nowadays, the evolution of mobile technology provides a large number of health-related mobile applications (apps) mainly focusing on the self-management of diabetes. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the effectiveness of mobile app-based self-management interventions on clinical and/or psychological outcomes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: A systematic search of four databases (Scopus, Medline, CINAHL, and Proquest) was conducted using the terms "diabetes" AND "self-management" AND "mobile applications" OR "mobile based" OR “smartphone”. Studies published in English from 2016 to 2020 were considered. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes that reported any of the study outcomes were included. Using our search strategies, we identified 4339 articles. After removing duplicate studies, a total of 12 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria included in the review. Results: The majority measured self-monitoring of blood glucose monitoring frequency, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and/or psychological or cognitive outcomes. The most positive findings were associated with mobile app-based health interventions as a behavioral outcome, with some benefits found for clinical and/or psychological diabetes self-management outcomes for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Therefore, more research with larger and longer studies to develop the ideal mobile-app based self-management tool for diabetes is needed. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: Feb 27, 2020 Accepted: April 1, 2020
Incidence of insect pests of cabbage in relation to prevailing climatic conditions of Terai region

The experiments were conducted with a view to study the fluctuation of pest population of cabbage and their relation with prevailing weather conditions of terai region of West Bengal in two commercial crop growing seasons, namely, winter and spring in the instructional farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, North Bengal Campus, Pundibari, Cooch Behar during 1996-98. It was observed that populations of aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) during 3 r d week of March, flea beetle (Phyllotreta brassicae) in last week of March, cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae) in 2nd week of March, cabbage leaf webber (Crocidolomia binotalis) in 1 s t week of March, dimond back moth (Plutella xylostella) in last week of March reached maximum level on spring crop. Aphid and flea beetle population although were recorded in both the seasons but were at a higher population on spring crop. Correlation between pest population and important weather parameters showed that in winter aphid population was negatively correlated with temperature, sunshine hr/day and total rainfall and positively with average relative humidity, while flea beetle population showed positive correlation with average temperature and sunshine hr/day but negatively with average relative humidity and total rainfall. During spring seasons aphid, flea beetle and cabbage butter fly population showed positive correlation with average relative humidity and total rainfall. While the larval population of cabbage leaf webber and dimond back moth showed positive correlation with average temperature, relative humidity and total rainfall and negative correlation with average sunshine hr/day. Therefore, crop raising during winter needs no protection measure because of low level of pest incidence but spring crop needs protection measures during middle of March to late April for better harvest.
Evalutionary pattern of land mammal faunas during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene in South America : a comparison with the North American pattern

Using families, this paper reviews the pattern of mammal fauna changes in South America throughout the late Cretaceous-Paleocene span, comparing them with the changes in North America. Although there are as yet no records of land-mammal fauna of the latest Cretaceous in South America, the unique Alamitian (Campanian early Maastrichtian? ) and the late early Paleocene Tiupampian land-mammal faunas provide eloquent evidence that abrupt changes occurred during this lapse of time. The known late Cretaceous Paleocene land-mammal faunas of North America show no such abmpt changes. In North America, a major change occurred between the "middle" Cretaceous Paluxian and the late Cretaceous Aquilan. In both North and South America another major change occurred during the first half of the Paleocene, the Puercan-Torrejonian change and the Tiupampian Itaboraian change, respectively. The different North and South American scenarios are related to quite different geological histories. The physical (and biotic) Cretaceous Cenozoic South American history is characterized by long periods of isolation (late Jurassic-early late Cretaceous, and early middle Paleocene-Pliocene), alternating with brief connections. This explains why the history of the South American Cretaceous-Present terrestrial biota is characterized by relatively few episodes (Simpson's Faunal Strata), which, as a rule, are sharply and clearly separable.
The impact of balanced energy and protein supplementation to milk production and quality in early lactating dairy cows.

This research was aimed to determine the impact of balanced energy and protein supplementation with high rumen undegraded protein (HRUP) to milk production and quality in early lactating dairy cows. Twelve early lactating Friesian Holstein cows were divided into two groups (control and HRUP). Both control and HRUP group were fed on a basal diet (forage to concentrate ratio was 60:40; DM basis), with rumen undegraded protein (RUP) levels were 27.47% and 32.78% for control and HRUP, respectively. The experimental diets were given to animals twice daily, morning and afternoon. Water was given by ad libitum. The observed parameters were nutrient intake, quantity and quality of milk production . Data were examined using t-test. Results showed that feed intake, milk production and 4% FCM, milk fat and lactose concentrations, and milk solid non-fat and total solid concentrations were not differed significantly between control and HRUP groups. However, milk protein concentration and production were differed (P<0.05) between controls and HRUP groups. The balanced energy and protein supplementation with HRUP in early lactating dairy cows could impact on milk protein concentration and production.
Multivariate analysis of the morphological variability among Barbus peloponnesius (Cyprinidae) populations from Greece and two populations of B. meridionalis and B. meridionalis petenyi

Les differences morphologiques entre les taxa Barbus peloponnesius, B. meridionalis petenyi et B. m. meridionalis ont ete etudiees en utilisant des methodes de l'analyse multifactorielle. B. peloponnesius et B. meridionalis petenyi forment un groupe distinct de B. m. meridionalis. La classification proposee par Karaman (1971) selon laquelle B. peloponnesius est une espece valide est verifiee, et B. peloponnesius et B. meridionalis petenyi constituent probablement une seule espece. De plus, les differences entre les populations de B. peloponnesius en Grece indiquent qu'elles appartiennent au moins a deux sous-especes distinctes
Composés d'intérêt nutritionnel de laits de grand mélange : teneurs en acides gras et vitamines selon l'altitude et la saison

Des travaux recents, menes en conditions experimentales, ont montre que les teneurs des laits en certains constituants d'interet nutritionnel (acides gras, vitamines A et E, carotenoides) varient fortement selon les regimes alimentaires. L'objectif de cette etude etait de confirmer ces resultats experimentaux avec des laits de melange valorises par l'industrie laitiere et produits dans 5 zones du departement de Haute-Loire distinctes par l'altitude et le systeme fourrager. Du lait, issu de 2 tournees delimitees au sein de chaque zone (7 a 37 troupeaux par tournee), a ete collecte 2 fois en hiver (alimentation des vaches a base de fourrages conserves) et 3 fois en ete (alimentation comprenant du pâturage). Les teneurs en acides gras, vitamines et carotenoides des 50 laits de citerne ont ete mesurees. [. ]
Production of chicken hyperimmune hens' egg for immunological purposes in animals.

The present study was aimed to produce hyperimmune chicken egg against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) as well as studying immunogenic characters of the extracted IgY using antigen-antibody reaction tests (agar gel immunodiffusion and ELISA). The study was carried out on ten white Hy-Line layers which received initial immunization of 300µl of RHDV vaccine subcutaneously followed by three booster doses at time intervals of 2, 5 and 8 weeks after initial immunization. Throughout the experiment (14 weeks), regular blood sampling was made every week with daily collection of egg till further purification and detection of the purity of the isolated IgY by SDS-PAGE. Also, determination of the specificity and titers of purified IgY in hens' sera and their purified egg yolk samples was carried out using agar gel immunodiffusion test and indirect ELISA. Results showed presence of considerable titers of isolated IgY against RHDV. Therefore, the current study recommends immunization of hens with RHDV for production of egg yolk antibodies against such pathogen.
Thermoregulation and temperature relations of alligators and other large ectotherms inhabiting thermally stressed habitats. Annual progress report, July 1, 1975--June 30, 1976

The effects of radiation and convection on the equilibrium body temperatures of alligators have been determined. Gaping has been shown to be an effective thermoregulatory device for retarding heat gain in the heads of these animals. Initial time dependent experiments have been completed and ketamine hydrochloride has been shown to be an effective anesthetic for alligators. Evaporative water loss rates have been measured as a function of size, temperature and wind speed for the turtle Chrysemys scripta. Convection coefficients have been determined and climate spaces are being formulated. Field studies are under way at the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. Convection coefficients for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides change as a function of temperature and water speed. Steady state heat energy budgets have been computed for this fish. The effects of arsenic and temperature on the temperature tolerance of larval muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, have been determined. The thermal tolerances of several species of minnows have also been measured. The role of the skin in the control of evaporation from amphibians and reptiles has been assessed. During the past year one article has been published, two are in press, one is in review, and eight are in preparation. Five masters theses will bemore » completed by July 1976. « less
Genetic diversity and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield related traits in French bean

Seventyfour genotypes of French bean have been evaluated for various economic traits at GBPUAT, Pantnagar. Among the genotypes FB-202, FB-209, FB-206, Arka Suvidha and FB-205 were found superior with respect to yield and quality characters. The overall values of PCV were higher than those of GCV. The highest estimate of GCV was observed for plant height(42.45) followed byseed yield per plant(39.72), while highest heritability was recorded for seed length (99.04%). High heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was estimated for plant height. Pod yield had significant positive correlation with days to 50% flowering, seed yield per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of pod clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of seeds per pod, pod length and weight of single pod. Path coefficient analysis revealed that single pod weight and number of pods per plant had the highest positive contribution towards the total yield respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component had maximum of 30.85% variation of total variation, while the first seven principal component axes together with explained 83.41% variation, suggesting first seven principal axes are adequate to explain the variation in reduced dimension. Clustering through D2 analysis revealed maximum inter-cluster distance ofclusters V and IX(1405.141) followed by cluster III and IX (1297.298).
Molecular Characterization of the Vitellogenin Receptor in Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc)1

Abstract. Potato purple top and zebra chip diseases are transmitted by potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), to tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. , and potato, Solanum tuberosum L. , crops. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify vitellogenin receptor in potato psyllid. We obtained partial characterization of the receptor by end-point PCR and sequencing using capillary electrophoresis. Relative quantification by real-time PCR was used to determine expression levels of the receptor in females and males. Similarity in vitellogenin sequence obtained in a laboratory was 89% compared with the sequence of the entire transcriptome of the species reported in GenBank. Expression analysis showed the vitellogenin receptor significantly expressed in potato psyllid females compared with males from potato plants. Further study of the vitellogenin receptor of potato psyllid is needed to determine its complete sequence and potential target to control the pest.