Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing trends of drug driving detections in South Australia

Driver drug testing has been operating in South Australia since 1 July 2006. The established regime targets 3 illicit drugs being Methylamphetamine, Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy). The objective of this paper is to present the success of the driver drug testing regime that has been established in South Australia and examine the changing trends in drug detections between 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. South Australia Police (SAPOL) screens 47,000 drivers for drugs per year. With a population base of 1.66 million people, SAPOL screens drivers for drugs approximately 4 times greater than any other Australian jurisdiction. South Australia has seen a significant increase in its detection rate to Methylamphetamine between 2010/11 to 2011/12 with an associated decrease in the detection rate to THC. A significant increase in Ecstasy detections with detection levels back to those seen in 2009 was also observed. Overall, a marked increase in the detection of drugs in drivers has been noted with an increase of 41 per cent in the overall detection rate of drugs for the 2011/2012 year compared to the previous 12 month period. There is a belief that the change in trends as to the types of drug detected in South Australian drivers is seen as an availability issue to the types of drugs. It is believed the significant rise in the overall drug detections amongst South Australian drivers is as a result of enforcement techniques as opposed to a general increase in drug driving prevalence.
Biological resistance of thermally treated... BIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE OF THERMALLY TREATED Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson E Pinus taeda L. WOODS AGAINST

1 Received on 08.12. 2014 accepted for publication on 29.10. 2015. 2 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES Brasil. E-mails: <jbp2@uol.com. br> and <p_gutemberg2001@yahoo.com. br>. 3 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES Brasil. E-mail: <allan_ewerton@hotmail.com>. 4 Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Engenharia de Materiais, São Carlos, SP Brasil. E-mail: <marciomr@sc.usp. br>. 5 Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Estruturas, São Carlos, SP Brasil. E-mail: <calil@sc.usp. br>. 6 Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, São Carlos, SP Brasil. E-mail: <christoforoal@yahoo.com. br>. *Corresponding author.
The Circular Velocity Curve of the Milky Way from 5 to 25 kpc

We measure the circular velocity curve vc(R) of the Milky Way with the highest precision to date across Galactocentric distances of 5 ≤ R ≤ 25 kpc. Our analysis draws on the six-dimensional phase-space coordinates of ≳23,000 luminous red giant stars, for which we previously determined precise parallaxes using a data-driven model that combines spectral data from APOGEE with photometric information from WISE, 2MASS, and Gaia. We derive the circular velocity curve with the Jeans equation assuming an axisymmetric gravitational potential. At the location of the Sun we determine the circular velocity with its formal uncertainty to be = with systematic uncertainties at the ∼2%–5% level. We find that the velocity curve is gently but significantly declining at (−1.7 ± 0.1) km s−1 kpc−1, with a systematic uncertainty of 0.46 km s−1 kpc−1, beyond the inner 5 kpc. We exclude the inner 5 kpc from our analysis due to the presence of the Galactic bar, which strongly influences the kinematic structure and requires modeling in a nonaxisymmetric potential. Combining our results with external measurements of the mass distribution for the baryonic components of the Milky Way from other studies, we estimate the Galaxy’s dark halo mass within the virial radius to be = and a local dark matter density of = .
Antarctic Sea Ice Response to Weather and Climate Modes of Variability

AbstractThe relationship between climate modes and Antarctic sea ice is explored by separating the variability into intraseasonal, interannual, and decadal time scales. Cross-spectral analysis shows that geopotential height and Antarctic sea ice extent are most coherent at periods between about 20 and 40 days (the intraseasonal time scale). In this period range, where the atmospheric circulation and the sea ice extent are most tightly coupled, sea ice variability responds strongly to Rossby waves with the structure of the Pacific–South American (PSA) pattern. The PSA pattern in this time scale is not directly related to El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the southern annular mode (SAM), which have received much attention for explaining Antarctic sea ice variability. On the interannual time scale, ENSO and SAM are important, but a large fraction of sea ice variance can also be explained by Rossby wave–like structures in the Drake Passage region. After regressing out the sea ice extent variability assoc.
An Innovative Dual-Boost Nine-Level Inverter with Low-Voltage Rating Switches

This article presents an innovative switched-capacitor based nine-level inverter employing single DC input for renewable and sustainable energy applications. The proposed configuration generates a step-up bipolar output voltage without end-side H-bridge, and the employed capacitors are charged in a self-balancing form. Applying low-voltage rated switches is another merit of the proposed inverter, which leads to extensive reduction in total standing voltage. Thereby, switching losses as well as inverter cost are reduced proportionally. Furthermore, the comparative analysis against other state-of-the-art inverters depicts that the number of required power electronic devices and implementation cost is reduced in the proposed structure. The working principle of the proposed circuit along with its efficiency calculations and thermal modeling are elaborated in detail. In the end, simulations and experimental tests are conducted to validate the flawless performance of the proposed nine-level topology in power systems.
ESMT Working Paper 1601 Pricing when customers have limited attention

Copyright 2016 by ESMT European School of Management and Technology, Berlin, Germany, www.esmt. org. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the permission of ESMT. Find more ESMT working papers at ESMT faculty publications, SSRN, RePEc, and EconStor. March 2, 2016
Acquisition Costs , or Executive Information ? Using Big Data to Uncover the Sources of Local Information

We use novel satellite data which tracks the number of cars in the parking lots of approximately 100,000 stores for 76 publicly listed U.S. retailers over the years 2009 to 2018 to disentangle the sources of local information. We establish car counts as a timely measure of the performance of individual stores and show that local institutional investors appear to trade in the same direction as this information. Most importantly, we disentangle the extent to which local investors obtain this information through: decreased costs of information acquisition for local investors (“Acquisition Cost Channel”), information directly obtained from firm management (“Executive Information Channel”), or increased attention (“Increased Attention Channel”). Our tests provide strong evidence in support of the acquisition cost channel, especially for regions that are difficult to gather information about from a distance and regions where social networks are especially tightknit. In contrast, we find only weak evidence of the increased attention channel and no evidence of the executive information channel. In an era when the common perception is that “the world is flat” and the costs to acquire information are decreasing, we find these results surprising and important to consider when making policy decisions about how or whether to close this gap. * Corresponding author: Lorien Stice-Lawrence, Leventhal School of Accounting, University of Southern California, 3660 Trousdale Pkwy, ACC 308B, Los Angeles, CA 90089, sticelaw@usc.edu. We thank Orbital Insight for graciously providing the satellite data used in this paper. We also thank workshop participants at the University of Washington for their helpful comments and suggestions.
Bounded-Velocity Stochastic Control for Dynamic Resource Allocation

We consider a general class of dynamic resource allocation problems within a stochastic optimal control framework. This class of problems arises in a wide variety of applications, each of which intrinsically involves resources of different types and demand with uncertainty and/or variability. The goal involves dynamically allocating capacity for every resource type in order to serve the uncertain/variable demand, modeled as Brownian motion, and maximize the discounted expected net-benefit over an infinite time horizon based on the rewards and costs associated with the different resource types, subject to flexibility constraints on the rate of change of each type of resource capacity. We derive the optimal control policy within a bounded-velocity stochastic control setting, which includes efficient and easily implementable algorithms for governing the dynamic adjustments to resource allocation capacities over time. Computational experiments investigate various issues of both theoretical and practical interest, quantifying the benefits of our approach over recent alternative optimization approaches.
Awareness and Use of Online Public Access Catalogue by Students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

This study investigated the awareness and use of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) by students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. A questionnaire was distributed to 800 students at various faculties and in different levels of studies in August 2012. Five hundred and twenty copies of the questionnaire was retrieved and used for the study. The study revealed that 68.7 % of the respondents were aware of the OPAC services; students who were aware of the library OPAC and did not use it to access library resources were statistically significant (x 2 =82.073; df =2; α = 0.001); 23.8% of the respondents used OPAC independently; only 3.2% of the respondents accessed library resources from their hostels, 0.2% access it from homes. Similarly, majority of the respondents lacked information searching skills while lack of awareness, irregular power supply, network failure and inadequacy of computer terminals designated for the use of OPAC were among the problems identified as factors inhibiting the use of library OPAC. Therefore, the study concludes that majority of the students used manual catalogues to access library resources due to lack of awareness, skills to use OPAC and problems encountered during usage. Hence, students have not been making effective and efficient use of the library OPAC. Therefore, we recommend that the Library should create more awareness and effective education for students at various levels to ensure maximum utilization of
Studying Android App Popularity by Cross-Linking GitHub and Google Play Store

The incredible success of the mobile App economy has been attracting software developers hoping for new or repeated success. Surviving in the fierce competitive App market involves in part planning ahead of time for the success of the App on the marketplace. Prior research has shown that App success can be viewed through its proxy–popularity. An important question, then, is what factors differentiates popular from unpopular Apps? GitHub, a software project forge, and Google Play store, an app market, are both crowdsourced, and provide some publicly available data that can be used to cross-link source code and app download popularity. In this study, we examined how technical and social features of Open Source Software Apps, mined from two crowdsourced websites, relate to App popularity. We observed that both the technical and the social factors play significant roles in explaining App popularity. However, the combined factors have a low effect size in explaining App popularity, as measured by average user rating on Google Play. Interestingly on GitHub, we found that social factors have a higher power in explaining the popularity compared to all the technical factors we investigated.
On Likelihood Ratio Tests When Nuisance Parameters are Present Only Under the Alternative

In parametric models, when one or more parameters disappear under the null hypothesis, the likelihood ratio test (LRT) statistic generally does not converge to the conventional χ2 distribution. Rather, it has been shown that the limiting distribution of the LRT statistic is often equivalent to that of the supremum of a squared Gaussian process. However, the limiting distribution is analytically intractable for most of examples, and approximation or simulation based methods must be used to calculate the p values. In this article, we review a class of hypothesis testing problems when a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative hypothesis. We investigate conditions under which the asymptotic distributions have analytically tractable forms, based on the principal component decomposition of Gaussian processes. When these conditions are not satisfied, the principal component representation also motivates a simple and speedy simulation algorithm to approximate p values. Through simulation studies, we illustrate the performance of the LRT and alternative approaches, including the maximum score statistics procedures, in terms of statistical power. Our results are illustrated by Anderson’s stereotype model for ordinal data.
Proliferative Capacity and Differentiation Potential of Isolated Postnatal Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Diabetic Patients

Stem cells are characterized by the ability to form clones, self-regenerate and differentiate into different types of cells. Stem cells derived from human dental pulp (DPSCs) have been shown to differentiate into odontoblasts in vitro after using Bone Morphogenic Protein -2 (BMP-2). The aim of the present study was to explore the variations in the differentiation potential of the DPSC into odontoblasts in diabetic adults; it also aimed at investigating the possible influence of the origin of stem cells (coronal and radicular pulp) on their differentiation potential. Pulp tissue was extirpated from healthy individuals as well as from controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients. Pulp tissue was divided into coronal and radicular parts and each were cultured for 30 days and then BMP-2 was added. Alizarin red staining was performed to confirm mineralization. RT-PCR was used to analyse expression of mineralization markers Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) & Enamelysin. The results of this study showed that DPSCs of both healthy and diabetic groups had stem cell properties. DPSCs of the coronal pulp have a more proliferative capacity than that of the radicular pulp. Controlled diabetes mellitus provides relatively unfavourable conditions for the DPSCs to proliferate and differentiate while uncontrolled diabetes produces more deleterious effect on the DPSCs capacity for proliferation and differentiation. Expression of DSPP and enamelysin was positive in healthy and controlled diabetics groups, while in the uncontrolled diabetic group it was negative. It is concluded that DPSCs of the coronal pulp have a more proliferative capacity than that of the radicular pulp, controlled diabetes mellitus provides relatively unfavourable conditions for the DPSCs to proliferate and differentiate and uncontrolled diabetes produces more deleterious effect on the DPSCs capacity for proliferation and differentiation.
Price Clustering in Individual Equity Options: Moneyness, Maturity, and Price Level

Equity options have a significant influence on the price discovery process. This study presents unique evidence of substantial price clustering in individual equity options contracts. A particular contribution arises from investigating competing hypotheses on the roles of moneyness and maturity as determinants of option price clustering. We assert that options price clustering can be decomposed to price level, moneyness, and maturity effects. After controlling for other factors, price clustering has an inverse relation with time-to-maturity. This supports the negotiation hypothesis, but not the price resolution hypothesis. Price clustering also tends to be inversely related to moneyness. This effect is linked to the intrinsic value component of option price. Both the maturity and moneyness effects act in an opposite direction to what would be anticipated on the basis of price level alone; hence, these two effects are identified as additional influences on option price clustering. It is also found that the designated market maker scheme at NYSE Euronext London International Financial Futures Exchange (LIFFE) has little influence on trade price clustering. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 33:5576, 2013
Short-term Effect of Mechanical Plaque Control on Salivary Mutans Streptococci in Preschool Children

Mutans streptococci have been identified as important microorganisms responsible for the onset and progression of dental caries (Fitzgerald and Keyes, 1960; Thenisch et al, 2006). A number of studies have been performed with the aim of eliminating mutans streptococci from teeth as a way to reduce the risk of caries. These studies included measures such as professional tooth cleaning, fluoride treatments and the use of various antimicrobial agents (e.g. chlorhexidine) (Kristoffersson et al, 1984; Axelsson et al, 1987; Nomura et al, Short-term Effect of Mechanical Plaque Control on Salivary Mutans Streptococci in Preschool Children
Rationale for “Liking” on Social Networking Sites

The “like” feature is popularly utilized by online social media users for different reasons including socializing, giving feedback and giving or seeking attention as well as for pure affection. The “like” function is a gamified element of social networking sites used billions of times per day. Despite its widespread use in the social media space, little is known about the different factors that influence Facebook users’ “like” continuation intention or the game mechanics of “like. ” To address this relevant issue, a cross-sectional survey was administered with 728 adolescent Facebook users (12–18 years old). This study utilized the theory of planned behavior to investigate the role of attitude (hedonic motivation, reciprocal benefit, and social presence), subjective norms (primary influence and secondary influence), and perceived behavioral control (self-efficacy and habit) in influencing the continuation intention of “like” as well as the influence of self-efficacy and habit on the game mechanics of “like. ” This investigation addresses the urgent need to understand better the postadoption issues as well as the intentions to use specific features of social media. The results suggest that social presence, primary and secondary influence, self-efficacy, and habit significantly predicted Facebook “like” continuation intention. Furthermore, self-efficacy and habit significantly predicted the game mechanics of “like. ” Different theoretical and practical implications of the study are presented and discussed in light of prior information systems literature.
Petrography and geochemistry of the siliciclastic Araba Formation (Cambrian), east Sinai, Egypt: implications for provenance, tectonic setting and source weathering

Abstract Combined petrographic and geochemical methods are utilized to investigate the provenance, tectonic setting, palaeo-weathering and climatic conditions of the Cambrian Araba clastic sediments of NE Egypt. The ~ 60 m thick Araba Formation consists predominantly of sandstone and mudstone interbedded with conglomerate. Petrographically the Araba sandstones are mostly sub-mature and classified as subarkoses with an average framework composition of Q80F14L6. The framework components are dominated by monocrystalline quartz with subordinate K-feldspar, together with volcanic and granitic rock fragments. XRD analysis demonstrated that clay minerals comprise mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S), illite and smectite, with minor kaolinite. Diagenetic features of the sandstone include mechanical infiltration of clay, mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation, dissolution and replacement of feldspars by carbonate cements and clays. The modal composition and geochemical parameters (e.g. Cr/V, Y/Ni, Th/Co and Cr/Th ratios) of the sandstones and mudstones indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks, probably from the crystalline basement of the northern fringe of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The study reveals a collisional tectonic setting for the sediments of the Araba Formation. Palaeo-weathering indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW) and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) of the clastic sediments suggest that the source area was moderately chemically weathered. On the northern margin of Gondwana, early Palaeozoic weathering occurred under fluctuating climatic conditions.
Student Development: Does Participation Affect Growth?.

Student development along three cognitive and three psychosocial dimensions was studied at the University of Iowa. Six instruments were admini! tered to students during their freshman and senior years. Attention was directed to moral development, ego development, and conceptual level, as well as freeing interpersonal relationships, establishing identity, and developing purpose. Each of the three measures of cognitive development showed significant increases in the seniors' scores over their freshman scores. No consistent pattern of college experiences was found to be related to growth on the cognitive measures. For the interpersonal measures, scores showed students' developed increased tolerance and acceptance of differences among individuals and also increased their capacity for mature and intimate relationships, along with growth in confidence and sexual identity. Study results indicate that participation in various types of extracurricular activities such as those provided by college unions is related to growth in certain psychosocial areas of development. Intervention strategies that deal with students' psychosocial needs and increased emphasis on the cultural, recreational, and social development in college union programming are recommended. (SW) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. **********. t************************************************************ Student development: Does participation affect growth?