Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Sea Surface Salinity Event of the Japan Sea During the Last Glacial Maximum

Abnormal lightening of the oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O) of planktonic foraminifera during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼21 kyr BP) suggests that the Japan Sea had experienced a low sea surface salinity event at that time. However, the exact value and timing of minimum salinity have been controversial so far. To address this issue, we adopt a simple box model and reconstruct the sea surface salinity in the Japan Sea (SJP) over the past 35 kyr with a focus on the LGM period. In particular, as input data for the box model, the inflow transport through the Tsushima Strait (Q) is converted from sea level evolution using a newly defined relationship, in which Q reduces non‐linearly with the sea level reduction through a dynamically‐constrained realistic ocean model. Meanwhile, another input data of the box model, sea surface freshwater flux (precipitation minus evaporation (P‐E) evolution), is obtained by averaging multi‐paleoclimate models (PMIP3 and MIROC4m models) results. The reconstructed SJP using the box model reached its minimum value (20.2) at 20 kyr BP with a high coefficient of determination (R2) for δ18O (0.81, p << 0.01). Further analysis demonstrates that the above non‐linear relationship, determined by h3/2 (h is the strait depth), promises a more reasonable reconstruction of the SJP evolution. It is also concluded that both the value and timing of the minimum SJP depend on the Q evolution, and the P‐E evolution can modify the former. Therefore, the combination of Q and P‐E determines the exact value and timing of minimum salinity.
The Mineral Oil Hydrocarbon Paradox in Olive Pomace Oils

The aim of this work was to understand the actual content of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) in olive pomace oil in order to contribute to the monitoring requested by EFSA for the food groups making a relevant impact on human background exposure. Such information will complement both the information inferred from the limits established by the EU and the interpretation of the coming toxicological risk assessment. At the same time, the origin of such a group of compounds is discussed. From the raw material to the commercial product, olive pomace oils were sampled and analyzed at different points and/or conditions. Through the ultimate online HPLC-GC-FID system, we gathered information on the MOH concentrations and molecular mass profiles (C-fractions), and through GCxGC-TOF/MS, we identified the key structures that prove the innocuousness of the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbon (MOAH) fraction. Our approaches provided chromatographic signals on the C10-C50 range, rendering 33–205 mg/kg mineral oil saturated hydrocarbon (MOSH) and 2–55 mg/kg MOAH in the commercial product. The results confirmed that the C25-C35 cut is the main fraction to which humans are exposed via olive pomace oil, showing concentrations highly dependent on the extraction process. Moreover, the identification of the main MOAH groups showed that in olive pomace oil, mainly 1- and 2-ring species were present, being virtually free of the carcinogenic 3–7 ring aromatics.
Link lengths and their growth powers

For a certain infinite family  ? > of knots or links, we study the growth power ratios of their stick number, lattice stick number, minimum lattice length and minimum ropelength compared with their minimum crossing number c(K) for every K ∈  ? > . It is known that the stick number and lattice stick number grow between the 1 2 ? > and linear power of the crossing number, and minimum lattice length and minimum ropelength grow with at least the 3 4 ? > power of crossing number (which is called the four-thirds power law). Furthermore, the minimal lattice length and minimum ropelength grow at most as O ( c ( K ) [ ln ( c ( K ) ) ] 5 ) ? > , but it is unknown whether any family exhibits superlinear growth. For any real number r between 1 2 ? > and 1, we give an infinite family of non-splittable prime links in which the stick number and lattice stick number grow exactly as the rth power of crossing number. Furthermore for any real number r between 3 4 ? > and 1, we give another infinite family of non-splittable prime links in which the minimum lattice length and minimum ropelength grow exactly as the rth power of crossing number.
Evaluating Changes in the Moisture Sources for Tropical Cyclones Precipitation in the North Atlantic That Underwent Extratropical Transition

In this study, we investigated the changes in the origin of moisture for the precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) after extratropical transition (ET) over the North Atlantic Ocean basin from 1980 to 2018. We analyzed the 24 hr before and after the occurrence of ET events. By applying a TC‐centric methodology we found that the moisture uptake (MU) occurred predominantly in the south and southwest sectors within ∼2,000 km of TC center before ET and from the southwest and west sectors after ET. In addition, the development of the cold front and the warm conveyor belt after ET induces changes in the moisture transport pattern. Overall, the secondary circulation of TCs favored the moisture flux inward for TCs precipitation, while the large‐scale baroclinic environment controlled the MU after ET.
Fish drying machine with PV system for fisherman to support blue economy

The abundance of fish catches in Indonesia is excellent potential. Still, if the abundant results cannot be adequately managed and are just wasted, it will eventually lead to bad things. This problem was also found in Seraya village, Karangasem, Bali, where large fish yields and the fish processing process were still constrained by weather and environmental conditions causing the expected results to not be achieved. To overcome this, a photovoltaic (PV) system-based fish dryer was developed that can assist the fish drying process. Utilization of this system is also supported by good solar energy potential. The system can generate 402.78 Wh of electrical energy per day, covering 104.89% of the electrical energy demand of the fish dryer. The results of statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney test for fish weight and unpaired t-test for fish moisture content showed no significant results (p0.05). This value states that there is no difference in the results of drying fish with the PV system and the traditional method. From this, we can conclude that fish drying using a solar power system works similarly to conventional fish drying methods.
Different Sensitivity of Advanced Bronchial and Alveolar Mono- and Coculture Models for Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials

For the next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) of chemicals and nanomaterials, new approach methodologies (NAMs) are needed for hazard assessment in compliance with the 3R’s to reduce, replace and refine animal experiments. This study aimed to establish and characterize an advanced respiratory model consisting of human epithelial bronchial BEAS-2B cells cultivated at the air–liquid interface (ALI), both as monocultures and in cocultures with human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. The performance of the bronchial models was compared to a commonly used alveolar model consisting of A549 in monoculture and in coculture with EA.hy926 cells. The cells were exposed at the ALI to nanosilver (NM-300K) in the VITROCELL® Cloud. After 24 h, cellular viability (alamarBlue assay), inflammatory response (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), DNA damage (enzyme-modified comet assay), and chromosomal damage (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay) were measured. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by NM-300K were dependent on both the cell types and model, where BEAS-2B in monocultures had the highest sensitivity in terms of cell viability and DNA strand breaks. This study indicates that the four ALI lung models have different sensitivities to NM-300K exposure and brings important knowledge for the further development of advanced 3D respiratory in vitro models for the most reliable human hazard assessment based on NAMs.
Ambivalent insurgencies: Citizenship, land politics and development in Hanoi and its periurban fringe

This article examines the Vietnamese state’s ambivalence towards insurgent assertions of urban citizenship in and around Hanoi. In the 1980s and 1990s, it tolerated the lawbreaking construction of self-built housing in the city centre and eventually extended self-builders land use rights for their extralegal claims. In the 2000s and 2010s, however, the state violently cracked down on periurban villagers using insurgent strategies to resist the expropriation of their agricultural land for master-planned real estate developments. I suggest that the insurgency of self-builders precipitated a regime of graduated land use rights wherein the informal, extralegal claims of self-builders have been more respected than the formal, legal claims of periurban villagers. I ultimately argue that the state’s ambivalent responses to insurgency result from its pursuit of a materially shifting ideology of developmentalism. I also find that the success of insurgency derives from how the interests of citizens, the local state and the national state align and realign with one another.
The Important Role of Membrane Fluidity on the Lytic Mechanism of the α-Pore-Forming Toxin Sticholysin I

Actinoporins have emerged as archetypal α-pore-forming toxins (PFTs) that promote the formation of pores in membranes upon oligomerization and insertion of an α-helix pore-forming domain in the bilayer. These proteins have been used as active components of immunotoxins, therefore, understanding their lytic mechanism is crucial for developing this and other applications. However, the mechanism of how the biophysical properties of the membrane modulate the properties of pores generated by actinoporins remains unclear. Here we studied the effect of membrane fluidity on the permeabilizing activity of sticholysin I (St I), a toxin that belongs to the actinoporins family of α-PFTs. To modulate membrane fluidity we used vesicles made of an equimolar mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and egg sphingomyelin (eggSM), in which PC contained fatty acids of different acyl chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. Our detailed single-vesicle analysis revealed that when membrane fluidity is high, most of the vesicles are partially permeabilized in a graded manner. In contrast, more rigid membranes can be either completely permeabilized or not, indicating an all-or-none mechanism. Altogether, our results reveal that St I pores can be heterogeneous in size and stability, and that these properties depend on the fluid state of the lipid bilayer. We propose that membrane fluidity at different regions of cellular membranes is a key factor to modulate the activity of the actinoporins, which has implications for the design of different therapeutic strategies based on their lytic action.
STELLAR POPULATIONS AND STAR FORMATION IN IRREGULAR GALAXIES.

A review and intercomparison is conducted of data on various morphologically-chosen groups of irregular galaxies in order to understand the underlying physical mechanisms that differentiate these systems. Particular attention is given to the observational clues to the stellar content, star-formation processes, and star-formation histories of these galaxies, with an emphasis on the uncertainties and the many unanswered questions.
OPERA, an automatic PSF reconstruction software for Shack-Hartmann AO systems: application to Altair

When doing high angular resolution imaging with adaptive optics (AO), it is of crucial importance to have an accurate knowledge of the point spread function associated with each observation. Applications are numerous: image contrast enhancement by deconvolution, improved photometry and astrometry, as well as real time AO performance evaluation. In this paper, we present our work on automatic PSF reconstruction based on control loop data, acquired simultaneously with the observation. This problem has already been solved for curvature AO systems. To adapt this method to another type of WFS, a specific analytical noise propagation model must be established. For the Shack-Hartmann WFS, we are able to derive a very accurate estimate of the noise on each slope measurement, based on the covariances of the WFS CCD pixel values in the corresponding sub-aperture. These covariances can be either derived off-line from telemetry data, or calculated by the AO computer during the acquisition. We present improved methods to determine 1) r0 from the DM drive commands, which includes an estimation of the outer scale L0 2) the contribution of the high spatial frequency component of the turbulent phase, which is not corrected by the AO system and is scaled by r0. This new method has been implemented in an IDL-based software called OPERA (Performance of Adaptive Optics). We have tested OPERA on Altair, the recently commissioned Gemini-North AO system, and present our preliminary results. We also summarize the AO data required to run OPERA on any other AO system.
Edge-Machine-Learning-Assisted Robust Magnetometer Based on Randomly Oriented NV-Ensembles in Diamond

Quantum magnetometry based on optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen vacancy centers in nano- or micro-diamonds is a promising technology for precise magnetic-field sensors. Here, we propose a new, low-cost and stand-alone sensor setup that employs machine learning on an embedded device, so-called edge machine learning. We train an artificial neural network with data acquired from a continuous-wave ODMR setup and subsequently use this pre-trained network on the sensor device to deduce the magnitude of the magnetic field from recorded ODMR spectra. In our proposed sensor setup, a low-cost and low-power ESP32 microcontroller development board is employed to control data recording and perform inference of the network. In a proof-of-concept study, we show that the setup is capable of measuring magnetic fields with high precision and has the potential to enable robust and accessible sensor applications with a wide measuring range.
Accretion power in astrophysics

1. Accretion as a source of energy 2. Gas dynamics 3. Plasma concepts 4. Accretion in binary systems 5. Accretion discs 6. Accretion on to a compact object 7. Active galactic nuclei 8. Accretion discs in active galactic nuclei 9. Accretion power in active galactic nuclei 10. Thick discs 11. Accretion flows.
Dynamic Bias-Temperature Instability in Ultrathin SiO2 and HfO2 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors and Its Impact on Device Lifetime

In this paper, we review our recent work on the dynamic bias-temperature instability (BTI) in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with ultrathin SiO2 and high-K gate dielectrics, operating in a digital inverter circuit. Key findings are: (1) For p-MOSFETs with ultrathin SiO2 gate dielectrics, negative BTI (NBTI) is mainly due to the generation of interface traps. Under dynamic NBTI stress, the interface traps generated in the stressing phase are subsequently passivated in the passivation phase with a zero gate bias. As a result, p-MOSFET lifetime is significantly enhanced and the enhanced lifetime is frequency-independent up to 100 kHz. (2) For n- and p-MOSFETs with ultrathin HfO2 gate dielectrics, BTI is mainly caused by charge trapping in HfO2. Similar lifetime enhancements in both n- and p-MOSFETs are observed under dynamic BTI stress. However, in contrast to SiO2 devices, dynamic BTI in HfO2 is strongly frequency-dependent, i.e., a high frequency results in a slight device degradation and hence a long lifetime. A physical model that accounts for two-step trapping and detrapping in HfO2 is proposed to explain frequency-dependent BTI in HfO2 gate dielectrics. Simulation results based on the new model shows excellent agreement with all experimental data.
A Two-Decision Model for Responses to Likert-Type Items

Extreme response set, the tendency to prefer the lowest or highest response option when confronted with a Likert-type response scale, can lead to misfit of item response models such as the generalized partial credit model. Recently, a series of intrinsically multidimensional item response models have been hypothesized, wherein tendency toward extreme response set is simultaneously estimated alongside one or more psychological constructs of interest. The multidimensional nominal response model (MNRM) is a divide-by-total model that allows person parameters for response sets, including extreme response set. The proportional thresholds model (PTM) is a difference model with response set parameters. The present study introduces a two-decision model (TDM) as an alternative to the MNRM and PTM and compares all three on data from assessments used in employee selection.
Spatially resolved mid-infrared spectroscopy of IC 5063

We present spatially resolved 10-μm spectra of the nucleus of IC 5063 that are near-diffraction-limited. The observations were obtained with T-ReCS, the mid-infrared (mid-IR) imager and spectrometer on the 8.1-m Gemini South telescope, with the slit aligned at a position angle on the sky along the direction of the cone of narrow-line emission. The spectra cover the nucleus and the inner reaches of the ionization cones at a spatial resolution of approximately 0.4 arcsec (90 pc). Individual spectra, extracted in steps in the spatial direction along the slit, reveal variations in continuum slope and silicate feature profile and depth on subarcsecond scales, illustrating in unprecedented detail the complexity of the circumnuclear regions of this galaxy at mid-IR wavelengths. The dust population in the vicinity of the narrow-line region, north-west of the nuclear position, is significantly warmer than that to the south-east of the nucleus. This is consistent with an observation of the cooler dust associated with the outer reaches of the postulated torus that obscures the type 1 nucleus in this object.
A 14-Day Therapeutic Exercise Telerehabilitation Protocol of Physiotherapy Is Effective in Non-Hospitalized Post-COVID-19 Conditions: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The emergence of COVID-19 has led to serious public health problems. Now that the acute phase of the pandemic has passed, new challenges have arisen in relation to this disease. The post-COVID-19 conditions are a priority for intervention, as months after the onset of the disease, they continue to present symptoms, especially physical and respiratory symptoms. Our aim is to test the efficacy of a fourteen-day telerehabilitation program of respiratory and strength exercises in people with post-COVID-19 conditions. For this purpose, a randomized controlled trial was generated in which data from 48 patients were analyzed using the BS, 30STSTST, MD12, VAFS, and 6MWT tests. The obtained results showed the benefit of the intervention in generating great results with respect to the control group.
Do We Have Enough Evidence to Specifically Recommend Transoral Robotic Surgery in HPV−Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer? A Systematic Review

Simple Summary The aim of the present study is to summarize the current evidence published in the literature concerning the role of transoral robotic surgery in HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Recently, in order to reduce the side-effects related to chemo-radiotherapy, the use of transoral robotic surgery has increased, especially for oropharyngeal tumors related to HPV. Our review highlights that we do not have enough evidence for specifically recommending TORS in HPV−driven oropharyngeal cancer. However, transoral robotic surgery shows good oncological and functional outcomes in general. Moreover, based on the current evidence, transoral robotic surgery could potentially represent a promising strategy for intensifying treatments in HPV−negative oropharyngeal cancer. Abstract Introduction: International guidelines include transoral robotic surgery (TORS) as an option for selected oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs). In the perspective of treatment de-intensification, many surgeons have started recommending and performing TORS preferentially in p16- positive OPSCC in order to reduce the long-term morbidity related to chemoradiotherapy. The aim of the present review is to analyze the current evidence supporting the above-cited strategy. Materials and Methods: The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Twenty-two studies were included in this review, with a total of 3992 patients treated with primary TORS. The majority of patients were classified as HPV+ (n = 3655, 91.6%), and 8.2% (n = 327) as HPV−. The HPV status was unknown in only 10 (0.3%) patients. In particular, only five of the included studies compared survival outcomes of HPV−positive patients with HPV−negative ones treated with primary TORS, and only two of these found a significant improvement in survival in the HPV−driven cohort. Discussion: The current literature does not clarify whether HPV+ OPSCCs treated with TORS, alone or with adjuvant treatments, are associated with a better oncologic and/or functional outcome compared to those treated with radio- or chemoradiotherapy. However, TORS alone obtained good oncological outcomes in a high percentage of cases in the reviewed series. Recent data, on the other hand, suggest that TORS could represent a promising strategy for intensifying treatments in HPV− OPSCC.
Family Structure and Child Behavior Problems in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States

A large body of literature suggests that children living with two married, biological parents on average have fewer behavior problems than those who do not. What is less clear is why this occurs. Competing theories suggest that resource deficiencies and parental selectivity play a part. We suggest that examining different contexts can help adjudicate among different theoretical explanations as to how family structure relates to child behavior problems. In this paper, we use data from the Growing Up in Australia: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), and the US Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) to examine the relationship between family structure and child behavior problems. Specifically, we look at how living in several configurations of biological and social parents may relate to child behavior problems. Findings suggest both similarities and differences across the three settings, with explanations in the UK results favoring selectivity theories, US patterns suggesting that there is a unique quality to family structure that can explain outcomes, and the Australian results favoring resource theories.
Multiple clump structures within photoionized regions

We present 3D simulations of a system of four neutral clumps embedded in a photoionized region. In this system, we have three small clumps which partially shield a single, larger clump from the stellar ionizing photons. This flow evolves to form a neutral structure with a main body and three neutral ‘columns’ pointing towards the central star. Qualitatively, similar structures are seen in the ‘Finger’ of the Carina Nebula.