Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Government Punish Nonprofits for High Administrative Costs in Contracting Decisions?

As government financing of nonprofit organizations to deliver services and implement policies has become a common practice in the public administration landscape, the question of what factors affect government’s source selection has emerged as a significant one. Within this strand of research, how nonprofits’ administrative costs affect their receipt of government contracts is still not fully understood. This article explores that relationship using a large panel data set of U.S.-based international development nonprofits from 1967 to 2014. Different model specifications consistently demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between a nonprofit’s level of administrative costs and its amount of government contracts. In particular, as a nonprofit’s level of administrative costs increases, its amount of government contracts will initially increase, but after its level of administrative costs reaches approximately 16% to 18% of total expenses, further increases in the nonprofit’s level of administrative costs will reduce its amount of government contracts. These findings have implications for both public and nonprofit management.
Peran Kewirausahaan Sosial dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Tiga Cerita dari Kutai Timur

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and community development initiatives grow rapidly in recent years. It’s an act of a business ethics by taking part in efforts to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). It does not have economic value per se, but also social, cultural and political by involving local agent and existing cultural institutions which in turn catalyse the emergence and the redefinition of local social-political movement. This study discusses the emergence of local agent and their significant roles as social entrepreneur in the community development program initiated by Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) in East Kalimantan province. This study employs qualitative method. Primary data were gathered from interviews and participant-observations, while secondary data were gathered from company reports and company internal presentation materials. The main qualitative data are short stories of three social entrepreneurs live in the mining areas who network with CSR and community development program of PT. Kaltim Prima Coal. This study suggests that social entrepreneurs are the key success of community development program, because they have the capability to foster members of their community to be innovative and creative, as well seize their opportunity for empowerment and to increase community members participation in development. The social entrepreneur have a strong bonding with local culture even though they are not native of their locality. In some cases, social entrepreneurs initiate the local socio-political movement and they do not merely play their role as social broker.
PRE-DIABETES; PREVALENCE IN STUDENTS OF AYUB MEDICAL COLLEGE, ABBOTTABAD

… Objectives: To determine the prevalence of pre diabetes in students of Ayub Medical College and associated risk factors. Study Design: Prospective study. Period: Jan 2016 to Jun 2016. Setting: Ayub Medical College. Materials and Methodology: 130 students participated after simple random sampling technique. Different variables were studied and initially were entered on a pre-formed proforma and then SPSS 17.0 version were used for data analysis. Results: 15(11.54%) of the students were suffering from pre diabetes. Among them 11(8.46%) were males while 4(3.07%) were females. 50 (38.46%) students had a positive family history of diabetes whereas 80 (61.54%) had no family history. 111(85.38%) of the students in study were non-smokers and Only 40(30.77%) students were doing regular exercise. Conclusion: A significant prevalence of pre-diabetes in young adults is a matter of concern therefore all young adults need to be targeted for screening of pre diabetes and lifestyle modification.
Orthopedic Implications of the Corona Mortis: A Case Report

Corona mortis is classified as a connection between the inferior epigastric and obturator vessels over the superior pubic ramus. Its incidence varies among different studies. The corona mortis is an extremely important anatomical variation as it c n be injured in a great number of procedures. Moreover, it can also be injured during pelvic or acetabular fractures. A male cadaver fixed in a 10 % formalin solution had its pelvic region dissected and an arterial corona mortis was observed on its right side. The left h emipe vis presented no variations whatsoever. This vessel was measured with the aid of a digital caliper. We aim to report this variation and address from an orthopedic point of view – the clinical and surgical significance of the corona mortis.
The Tension over the Hubble-Lemaitre Constant

Astronomers continue the search for better a Hubble-Lemaitre constant, H 0 , value and other cosmological parameters describing our expanding Universe. One investigative school uses ‘ standard candles ’ to estimate distances correlated with galactic redshifts, which are then used to calculate H 0 and other parameters. These distance values rely on measurements of Cepheid variable stars, supernovae types Ia and II or HII galaxies/giant extra-galactic HII regions (GEHR) or the tip of red giant star branch to establish a distance ‘ ladder ’ . We describe some common pitfalls of employing log-transformed HII/GEHR and SNe Ia data rather than actual distances and suggest better analytical methods than those commonly used. We also show that results using HII and GEHR data are more meaningful when low quality data are discarded. We then test six important cosmological models using HII/GEHR data but produce no clear winner. Groups utilising gravitational waves and others measuring signals from the cosmic microwave background are now at odds, ‘ tension ’ , with those using the SNe Ia and HII data over Hubble-Lemaitre constant values. We suggest a straightforward remedy for this tension.
Rainfall Intensity Temporal Patterns Affect Shallow Landslide Triggering and Hazard Evolution

A characteristic of rainfall‐induced landslides is the gradual loading by infiltrating rainwater that weakens the soil mantle and could progress to abrupt soil mass release. The temporal patterns of similar rainfall amounts affect the hydrological response of a catchment and thus influence landslide dynamics. We use a novel catchment scale landslide hydromechanical triggering model to systematically study how different asymmetric distributions of rainfall intensities affect landslide dynamics and hazard evolution. Evaluating rainfall events with similar durations and total amounts shows that early rainfall peak intensity exerts stronger destabilizing effects, relative to delayed rainfall peak intensity. Intense rainfall events reduce landslide triggering relative to uniform‐intensity rainfall events due to reduced water infiltration. With advances in highly resolved and real‐time precipitation observations, the study offers a means for improving prediction of landslide timing and hazard evolution and identifying hydrological scenarios that enhance landslide activity.
On the relationship between Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown and global surface warming

According to established understanding, deep-water formation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean keeps the deep ocean cold, counter-acting the downward mixing of heat from the warmer surface waters in the bulk of the world ocean. Therefore, periods of strong Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are expected to coincide with cooling of the deep ocean and warming of the surface waters. It has recently been proposed that this relation may have reversed due to global warming, and that during the past decades a strong AMOC coincides with warming of the deep ocean and relative cooling of the surface, by transporting increasingly warmer waters downward. Here we present multiple lines of evidence, including a statistical evaluation of the observed global mean temperature, ocean heat content, and different AMOC proxies, that lead to the opposite conclusion: even during the current ongoing global temperature rise a strong AMOC warms the surface. The observed weakening of the AMOC has therefore delayed global surface warming rather than enhancing it. Social Media Abstract: The overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean has weakened in response to global warming, as predicted by climate models. Since it plays an important role in transporting heat, nutrients and carbon, a slowdown will affect global climate processes and the global mean temperature. Scientists have questioned whether this slowdown has worked to cool or warm global surface temperatures. This study analyses the overturning strength and global mean temperature evolution of the past decades and shows that a slowdown acts to reduce the global mean temperature. This is because a slower overturning means less water sinks into the deep ocean in the subpolar North Atlantic. As the surface waters are cold there, the sinking normally cools the deep ocean and thereby indirectly warms the surface, thus less sinking implies less surface warming and has a cooling effect. For the foreseeable future, this means that the slowing of the overturning will likely continue to slightly reduce the effect of the general warming due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.
AN OMNIBUS APPROACH TO ASSESS THE PREVALENCE, BURDEN AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF MULTIPLE DISEASES IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: THE SNAPSHOT PROGRAM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Background: There is limited epidemiological data on chronic diseases in the Middle East, and obtaining such data on a large scale and in a standardised manner is challenging. The objective of the SNAPSHOT program was to assess quality of life and to estimate the prevalence and burden of multiple diseases in the adult general population of five Middle Eastern countries using an omnibus approach. Methods: Large random samples from the general populations of Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates were interviewed by telephone. Validated questionnaires were administered via a computer-assisted personal interviewing system to identify subjects fulfilling criteria for one of the four diseases of interest (asthma, allergic rhinitis, bipolar disorder and benign prostatic hyperplasia) and the three level EuroQoL EQ-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) administered to collect quality of life data. Respondents who screened positively for a disease of interest were invited to answer further questions on disease burden and healthcare resource utilisation. Results: Overall, 33,486 subjects completed the screening questionnaire and 27,882 completed the EQ-5D-3L. At least one of the four diseases was identified in 4,418 (13.2%) of subjects. The mean EQ-5D-3L utility value was 0.89±0.21. It was significantly different among countries (Turkey: 0.84±0.24, Egypt: 0.88±0.23; Saudi Arabia: 0.93±0.16; Kuwait: 0.94±0.16; United Arab Emirates: 0.96±0.13), among age groups (18-34: 0.91±0.19; 35-49: 0.90±0.20; ≥50: 0.85±0.25), between genders (men: 0.92±0.18; women: 0.86±0.24), and significantly lower in subjects who screened positive for any of the four diseases (p <0.0001 for all comparisons; Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusions: This program emphasises the benefit of an omnibus approach to collecting population data for multiple diseases in multiple countries. The program also generated reference values for the EQ-5D-3L in the Middle East for the first time. Such programs respond to a need for data to support informed decision-making by healthcare authorities in the region.
Evaluation of Prevalence of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance among Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India

Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), which are the normal skin flora, have emerged as predominant pathogens in nosocomial as well as community acquired infections (Kloos and Bannerman, 1994; Roopa and Biradar, 2015). Risk factors include patients with intravascular catheters or prosthetic devices. These bacteria usually infect immune compromised hosts, such as premature newborns and patients with leukemia or other malignant diseases (Sheikh and Mehdinejad, 2012). CoNS species have been documented International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Adaptive Quantitative Trading: An Imitative Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing AI techniques for finance research and applications. For instance, AI techniques (e.g., machine learning) can help traders in quantitative trading (QT) by automating two tasks: market condition recognition and trading strategies execution. However, existing methods in QT face challenges such as representing noisy high-frequent financial data and finding the balance between exploration and exploitation of the trading agent with AI techniques. To address the challenges, we propose an adaptive trading model, namely iRDPG, to automatically develop QT strategies by an intelligent trading agent. Our model is enhanced by deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and imitation learning techniques. Specifically, considering the noisy financial data, we formulate the QT process as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). Also, we introduce imitation learning to leverage classical trading strategies useful to balance between exploration and exploitation. For better simulation, we train our trading agent in the real financial market using minute-frequent data. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can extract robust market features and be adaptive in different markets.
The Effects of Lavender, Valerian, and Oxazepam on Anxiety Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background and Objectives: Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) experience different levels of anxiety during their hospital stay. Untreated anxiety among these patients can increase the risk of further cardiac events. The current study aimed at comparing the effects of lavender, valerian, and oxazepam on anxiety among hospitalized patients with CAD. Methods: As a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, the current study was conducted in 2016 on 120 patients with CAD hospitalized in the cardiac care unit (CCU) of Valiasr (PBUH) Hospital, Birjand, Iran. Patients were conveniently recruited and randomly allocated to 30-patient lavender, valerian, oxazepam, and placebo groups using the permuted-block randomization method. Patients in these groups orally received 80 mg of lavender essential oil, 400 mg of valerian essential oil, a 10-mg oxazepam tablet, and 5 mL of distilled water, respectively, 1 hour before bedtime in 3 consecutive nights. Data were collected before and after the intervention via a demographic questionnaire and the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 based on descriptive statistics measures (such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency distributions) using inferential statistics (such as the Chi-square test, the paired-samples t test, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey range test). The level of significance was set to < 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of the pretest mean scores of total, state, and trait anxiety (P > 0.05). However, the mean score of total anxiety significantly decreased in all groups, with the greatest decrease in the lavender group, followed by the valerian, oxazepam, and placebo groups (P < 0.05). The pretest-posttest mean differences of state anxiety were significantly greater in the valerian and the lavender groups than the oxazepam and the placebo groups. Moreover, the pretestposttest mean difference of trait anxiety was significantly greater in the lavender group than the other groups. In addition, the pretest-posttest mean difference of total anxiety was significantly greater in the lavender group than the other groups and in the valerian group it was significantly greater than the oxazepam and the placebo groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Oral intake of lavender and valerian essential oils was as effective as oxazepam in alleviating anxiety among patients with coronary artery disease. Of course, the anxiolytic effects of lavender were stronger than those of valerian. These medicinal plants can be good substitutes for chemical anxiolytic medications. Of course, further studies are needed to produce more reliable evidence in this realm.
Mexican Consular Protection Services across the United States: How Local Social, Economic, and Political Conditions Structure the Sociolegal Support of Emigrants

Scholars have increasingly examined the policies that states adopt to forge relationships with, deliver services to, and protect the rights of emigrants living abroad. Much of this research has focused on explaining the emergence and scope of emigrant policies. This article contributes to existing research by analyzing variation in the outcome of one particular emigrant policy: the Mexican state’s delivery of sociolegal consultations and support through its consular network in the United States. Specifically, I assess how the Mexican state’s provision of consular protection services diverges in frequency and form over time and within local contexts of reception. To address my research questions, I conducted a longitudinal analysis of data representing all 50 Mexican consulate districts in the United States (2010 through 2015). My dataset merges information from a variety of sources, such as the American Community Survey, with an administrative database that documents the Mexican state’s provision of sociolegal services in matters related to human rights, penal, migratory, labor, civil, or administrative issues. I find that the frequency of services across these issues varies in conjunction with the social, political, and economic characteristics of the administrative districts within which Mexican consulates operate. Furthermore, I argue that local contexts of reception can structure the frequency of sociolegal consultations between Mexican migrants living in the United States and the Mexican government through three pathways related to migrant incorporation experiences and vulnerabilities in receiving societies. Overall, my findings reveal how local receiving-society contexts can shape the support sending states provide to emigrants.
Do We Have to Stop Biologics before Surgery?

The recent development of biological therapy has revolutionized care for patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases. Treatment with biologics can provide significant symptomatic and functional improvement. However, these agents have been associated with risks of compromised healing, such as infection, owing to their systemic blockade of mediators to the normal inflammatory responses required for tissue healing and immune surveillance. Given these potential risks and benefits, the question of how best to manage biologic therapy before planned surgery is an important consideration for practitioners. In an attempt to answer this question, we performed a review of the literature on this topic.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF TYPHOID FEVER IN CHILDREN FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Aim To study the clinical profile and outcome of typhoid fever in children from a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, South India. Subjects and Methods Retrospective study from Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital case records of children aged 1 month to 18 years with typhoid fever (blood culture positive for Salmonella typhi ) during the period January–December 2007 were analysed for clinical features, laboratory parameters, treatment and follow-up details Result During this period, 100 children had typhoid fever out of 13 265 admissions. The male : female ratio was 2 : 1. The majority (51%) of children were below 5 years, 32% were between 5 and 10 years and 17% were above 10 years. Clustering of cases was seen between the months September and December. Predominant symptoms were fever in 100%, vomiting (54%) and loose stools (31%). Common clinical signs observed: hepatomegaly (72%), splenomegaly (31%), coated tongue (24%). Eosinopaenia was observed in 67%. None had sonographic evidence of cholelithiasis. Ceftriaxone was the commonly prescribed antibiotic and duration of treatment ranged from 10 to 14 days. Nalidixic acid-resistant S typhi was seen in 56%. The mean duration of hospitalisation was 6.94 days. Two children had a relapse, three had septic shock and one had haemophagocytosis. There was no mortality. Conclusion Our study describes only the tip of the iceberg (we excluded serological evidence of typhoid fever). The majority of cases was seen in children under 5 years. Eosinopaenia was the most common haematological parameter observed. Nalidixic acid-resistant S typhi is on a rising trend. Reinforcement of health education and personal hygiene will help to reduce this disease burden in developing countries.
AGRONOMIC AND QUALITATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DENSELY CULTIVATED ONION CULTIVARS AS AFFECTED BY POTASSIUM FERTILISATION

ABSTRACT The increase in plant density, combined with the use of hybrids in onion cultivation, has provided significant gains in yield, with a direct impact on the amount of absorbed macronutrients. The present work aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of two onion cultivars under a densified system as a function of potassium doses supplied via fertirrigation. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments consisted of two cultivars (IPA 11 and Rio das Antas) and seven potassium doses (0, 70, 140, 210, 280, 350 and 420 kg ha-1 K2O), provided by fertigation. The potassium doses that provided maximum total and commercial yields were 215 and 216 kg ha-1 of K2O, respectively. The soluble solids and the percentage of bulbs of classes 2, 3 and 4 were not influenced by potassium fertilization. There was a reduction in the percentage of non-commercial bulbs with the increase of potassium doses. The dose with maximum economical efficiency was 210.6 kg ha-1 of K2O, responsible for a commercial yield of 61.8 t ha-1.