Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lava Flows in Mare Imbrium: Geologic Evaluation from Apollo Orbital Photography

A study of Apollo photographs indicates that all Eratosthenian age mare deposits in the Imbrium basin consist of extensive lava flows from a single eruptive source region bounded by 18 to 23 N and 28 to 32 W in the south-southwest corner of the basin. It is suggested that three major eruptive periods occurred between 3.0 plus or minus 0.4 and 2.5 plus or minus 0.3 b.y. Lavas assigned to these three phases extended for 1200, 600, and 400 km, respectively, over slopes approaching 1:1000. These materials cover an area of 200,000 sq km and have a volume of perhaps 40,000 cu km. The vent source of the youngest lava phase appears to be a 20 km long, structurally controlled fissure at 22 deg 50 min N and 31 deg 20 min W. The flow heights and lengths are consistent with the lunar gravity and imply extremely high rates of lava extrusion with low viscosity of the basalt melt playing a secondary role. The location of the volcanic source region on the intersection of major ring faults from two large basins suggests a basin structural control.
Chondrogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Steam Sterilized Gelatin/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels

Cross-linked polymer blends from natural compounds, namely gelatin (Gel), chitosan (CS), and synthetic poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), have received increasing scrutiny because of their versatility, biocompatibility, and ease of use for tissue engineering. Previously, Gel/CS/PVA [1:1:1] hydrogel produced via the freeze-drying process presented enhanced mechanical properties. This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and chondrogenic potential of a steam-sterilized Gel/CS/PVA hydrogel using differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-hMSC) and cartilage marker expression. AD-hMSC displayed fibroblast-like morphology, 90% viability, and 69% proliferative potential. Mesenchymal profiles CD73 (98.3%), CD90 (98.6%), CD105 (97.0%), CD34 (1.11%), CD45 (0.27%), HLA-DR (0.24%); as well as multilineage potential, were confirmed. Chondrogenic differentiation of AD-hMSC in monolayer revealed the formation of cartilaginous nodules composed of glycosaminoglycans after 21 days. Compared to nonstimulated cells, hMSC-derived chondrocytes shifted the expression of CD49a from 2.82% to 40.6%, CD49e from 51.4% to 92.2%, CD54 from 9.66 to 37.2%, and CD151 from 45.1% to 75.8%. When cultured onto Gel/CS/PVA hydrogel during chondrogenic stimulation, AD-hMSC changed to polygonal morphology, and chondrogenic nodules increased by day 15, six days earlier than monolayer-differentiated cells. SEM analysis showed that hMSC-derived chondrocytes adhered to the surface with extended filopodia and abundant ECM formation. Chondrogenic nodules were positive for aggrecan and type II collagen, two of the most abundant components in cartilage. This study supports the biocompatibility of AD-hMSC onto steam-sterilized GE/CS/PVA hydrogels and its improved potential for chondrocyte differentiation. Hydrogel properties were not altered after steam sterilization, which is relevant for biosafety and biomedical purposes.
Speed kills : cellular and molecular bases of methamphetamine-induced nerve terminal degeneration and neuronal apoptosis

Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse that has long been known to damage monoaminergic systems in the mammalian brain. Recent reports have provided conclusive evidence that METH can cause neuropathological changes in the rodent brain via apoptotic mechanisms akin to those reported in various models of neuronal death. The purpose of this review is to provide an interim account for a role of oxygenbased radicals and the participation of transcription factors and the involvement of cell death genes in METH-induced neurodegeneration. We discuss data suggesting the participation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-mediated activation of caspase-dependent and -independent cascades in the manifestation of METH-induced apoptosis. Studies that use more comprehensive approaches to gene expression profiling should allow us to draw more instructive molecular portraits of the complex plastic and degenerative effects of this drug. —Cadet, J. L. , Jayanthi, S. , Deng, X. Speed kills: cellular and molecular bases of methamphetamine-induced nerve terminal degeneration and neuronal apoptosis. FASEB J. 17, 1775–1788 (2003)
Late Cretaceous arc and back-arc formation within the Southern Neotethys: whole-rock, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data from basaltic rocks of the Yüksekova Complex (Malatya- Elazığ, SE Turkey)

The remnants of the Southern Neotethys are represented by ophiolitic bodies and subduction/accretion complexes along the Southeast Anatolian-Zagros suture belt in the Eastern Mediterranean. Around Malatya and Elazig areas (SE Turkey), they are found within imbricated slices of a melange complex, known as the Yuksekova Complex. The studied basaltic rocks are common members of this melange complex, and show distinctive features of sources with tholeiitic to tholeiitic-transitional character. Petrography, whole-rock trace element and isotopic data reveal two different compositional groups. Group I is transitional between island arc tholeiites and normal mid-ocean ridge basalt, and Group II includes back-arc (BABB), enriched mid-ocean ridge (E-MORB), and ocean island basalt type (OIB) compositions. According to the known Late Cretaceous stratigraphic ages, the studied basaltic rocks have (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.703666- 0.706394, (143Nd/144Nd)i = 0.512734-0.512927, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.3216-39.3400, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.5018-15.6262 and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.5655-19.3209. In addition, eNdi values vary between +3.99 and +8.01 with two-stage TDM values ranging from 0.25 to 0.59 Ga. In the Sr versus Nd isotope correlation diagram, most samples plot along the mantle array line. In the correlation diagrams of 206Pb/204Pb versus 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb, the rock samples also plot nearly on the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line, similar to Atlantic and Pacific Ocean ridge basalts. As a whole, the isotopic data reveal that the studied rocks were derived from a depleted mantle source. When plotted in the conventional tectonic discrimination diagrams based on immobile trace elements, the samples can be related to an arc environment (Group I basalts), and back arc basin (Group II basalts) developed by generation and maturation of the rifted arc in later stages. This interpretation is supported by ages obtained from pillow lava-radiolarian chert associations indicating that the arc stage was realized during the late Cenomanian-early Turonian, followed by Coniacian-early Maastrichtian spreading in a back arc basin within the closing southern branch of Neotethys.
Changes in chemical nature of soil organic carbon in vertisols under wheat in south-eastern Queensland

The impact of cropping and cultivation (up to 50 years) on the nature and pool structure of organic C in two different soil types was investigated using a combination of physical and chemical fractionations and solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy revealed that aryl C contributed significantly to the organic C in the Waco soil (Pellustert) but not in the Langlands-Logie soil (Chromustert). The aryl C content of both soils was largely preserved despite the significant decrease in total organic C, following cultivation, although other organic forms appeared to rapidly decline at similar rates to one another. High energy UV photo-oxidation along with solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that the aryl C was mainly charcoal (char) in the <53 mm fraction of the soils which appeared to be highly resistant to microbial decomposition. Char C content of the Waco soil remained near 6.0 g C/kg soil and near 2.0 g C/kg soil for the Langlands-Logie soil. This char was evident to a depth of at least 30 cm in both soils. Fractionation yielded 4 organic C fractions: particulate organic C, humic C, char C, and physically protected C. By equating these fractions to the resistant plant material (particulate organic C), humic pool (humic C), and inert pool (char C) of the RothC soil C turnover model and comparing a number of simulations with measured fractions, we showed that the inert pool equated well with the measured char C. The measured particulate organic C fraction was of an appropriate size to represent the resistant plant material pool of the model but appeared to have a much slower turnover rate. Similarly, the measured humic pool was of a similar size to that required by the model but was more labile (faster turnover rate) than that used in the RothC model. This may be due to a combination of the labile proteinaceous nature of this pool and its lower than expected protection by physical association with the smectitic clay matrix.
An Investigation of the Relationship among High School Students' Self-Regulation, Free Time Management, and Self-Esteem

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem variables among high school students. The research sample consisted of 193 girls and 276 boys, totaling 469 students studying in different types of high schools. The Personal Information Form, the Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory, the Free Time Management Scale, and the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale were used to collect data. Independent samples t-test analysis was conducted to compare the self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores of the students in terms of gender and status of doing sports. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the scores based on grade level, type of high school, and types of leisure time activities. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted to test whether there is a relationship between self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores of the students. The results of the analyses indicated that there was a significant difference in self-regulation scores among the students based on gender, while no significant difference was found in free time management and self-esteem scores. However, significant differences were found in self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores based on the status of doing sports. There was a significant difference in self-regulation scores according to grade level, while no significant differences were found in free time management and self-esteem scores. A significant difference was found in self-regulation and free time management scores based on the type of high school, but no significant difference was found in self-esteem scores. When examined in terms of leisure time activity type, significant differences were found in self-regulation, free time management, and self-esteem scores. The grade point averages of the students showed a negative correlation with their daily average free time, yet a positive correlation with their self-regulation scores. Self-regulation scores were found to be positively related to free time management and self-esteem scores. In conclusion, it is believed that the exploration of the relationships between high school students' grade point averages, free time, self-regulation skills, free time management, and self-esteem scores may play a significant role in helping high school students achieve positive outcomes.
Theropod Dinosaur Ichnogenus Hispanosauropus Identified from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Western North America

Redescription of a trackway from the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) in eastern Utah and comparisons with other tracks known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the region and the Late Jurassic globally indicate that the large theropod ichnogenus Hispanosauropus Mensink and Mertmann, 1984, previously known only from Europe, occurs also in the Morrison Formation. Hispanosauropus is distinct from Megalosauripus and most likely was made by an allosauroid theropod, although the possibility that it was made by a spinosauroid (torvosaurid) or a ceratosauroid cannot be ruled out. Close geographic and stratigraphic association of Hispanosauropus with the large theropod body fossil taxa Allosaurus, Torvosaurus, and Ceratosaurus in both North America and the Iberian Peninsula strengthens the case for the track's having been made by one of these genera. Megalosauripus appears to dominate large theropod track samples from the Entrada Sandstone through the base of the Morrison Formation (Tidwell Member); Hispanosauropus and similar tracks are most common in the Salt Wash Member and its equivalents, suggesting taxonomic turnover in the large theropod faunas during the early part of Morrison Formation deposition.
A low‐cost 3D reconstruction system using a single‐shot projection of a pattern matrix

The purpose of this work is to present the main features of a structured light system and some experimental results. The system, named SingleShot3DSL, is based on a single off‐the‐shelf digital camera and a pattern projector. The mathematical model for 3D reconstruction is based on the collinearity equations. A pattern codification strategy was developed to allow fully automatic pattern recognition. A calibration methodology enables the determination of the direction vector of each pattern and the coordinates of the perspective centre of the pattern projector. The calibration processes are carried out with the acquisition of several images of a plane taken from different distances and orientations. Several processes were combined to provide a reliable solution for pattern location. In order to assess the accuracy and potential of the methodology a prototype was built, integrating a pattern projector and a digital camera in a single mount. Experiments using reconstructed surfaces with real data indicated that a relative accuracy of 0·2 mm in depth could be achieved.
Heat stress assessment during intermittent work under different environmental conditions and clothing combinations of effective wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT)

Abstract This study examined whether different combinations of ambient temperature and relative humidity for the effective wet bulb globe temperature, in conjunction with two different levels of clothing adjustment factors, elicit a similar level of heat strain consistent with the current threshold limit value guidelines. Twelve healthy, physically active men performed four 15-min sessions of cycling at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production of 350 watts. Each trial was separated by a 15-min recovery period under four conditions: (1) Cotton coveralls + dry condition (WD: 45.5 °C dry-bulb, 15% relative humidity); (2) Cotton coveralls + humid condition (WH: 31 °C dry-bulb, 84% relative humidity); (3) Protective clothing + dry condition (PD: 30 °C dry-bulb, 15% relative humidity); and (4) Protective clothing + humid condition (PH: 20 °C dry-bulb, 80% relative humidity). Gloves (mining or chemical) and headgear (helmet or powered air-purifying respirator) were removed during recovery with hydration ad libitum. Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), physiological heat strain (PSI), perceptual heat strain (PeSI), and body heat content were calculated. At the end of the 2-hr trials, Tre remained below 38 °C and the magnitude of Tre elevation was not greater than 1 °C in all conditions (WD: 0.9, WH: 0.8, WH: 0.7, and PD: 0.6 °C). However, Tsk was significantly increased by approximately 2.1 ± 0.8 °C across all conditions (all p ≤ 0.001). The increase in Tsk was the highest in WD followed by PD, WH, and PH conditions (all p ≤ 0.001). Although PSI and PeSI did not indicate severe heat strain during the 2-hr intermittent work period, PSI and PeSI were significantly increased over time (p ≤ 0.001). This study showed that core temperature and heat strain indices (PSI and PeSI) increased similarly across the four conditions. However, given that core temperature increased continuously during the work session, it is likely that the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist’s TLV® upper limit core temperature of 38.0 °C may be surpassed during extended work periods under all conditions.
Zeeman-Doppler imaging of active young solar type stars

By studying young magnetically active late-type stars, i.e. analogues to the young Sun, one can draw conclusions on the evolution of the solar dynamo. We determine the topology of the surface magnetic field and study the relation between the magnetic field and cool photospheric spots in three young late-type stars. High-resolution spectropolarimetry of the targets were obtained with the HARPSpol instrument mounted at the ESO 3.6 m telescope. The signal-to-noise ratio of the Stokes IV measurements were boosted by combining the signal from a large number of spectroscopic absorption lines through the least squares deconvolution technique. Surface brightness and magnetic field maps were calculated using the Zeeman-Doppler imaging technique. All the three targets show clear signs of both magnetic fields and cool spots. Only one of the targets, namely V1358 Ori, shows evidence of the dominance of non-axisymmetric modes. In two of the targets, the poloidal field is significantly stronger than the toroidal one, indicative of an $\alpha^2$-type of a dynamo, in which convective turbulence effects dominate over the weak differential rotation. In two of the cases there is a slight anti-correlation between the cool spots and the strength of the radial magnetic field. However, even in these cases the correlation is much weaker than in the case of sunspots. The weak correlation between the measured radial magnetic field and cool spots may indicate a more complex magnetic field structure in the spots or spot groups involving mixed magnetic polarities. Comparison with a previously published magnetic field map shows that on one of the stars, HD 29615, the underlying magnetic field has changed its polarity between 2009 and 2013.
Analyse spectrale et statistique vent-vagues des images radar à ouverture synthétique - Application aux données des satellites ERS-1/2

Le radar a ouverture synthetique (ROS) est le seul instrument a fournir une information directionnelle des vagues grâce a sa haute resolution. Toutefois, l'inversion des spectres 2-D ROS, afin de restituer le spectre de la mer, est rendue difficile par la forte distortion spectrale causee par le filtrage passe-bas dans la direction de deplacement de l'instrument (azimut). Ce filtrage est issu des composantes radiales des mouvements sur la surface qui affectent l'information Doppler necessaire a la reconstruction de l'image. De plus, le coefficient de retrodiffusion ? °, permettant d'estimer le vent a l'aide de modeles empiriques, est frequemment sature lors de la quantification du signal. Les limitations actuelles demontrent donc la necessite d'ameliorer l'analyse vent-vagues des images ROS. Tout d'abord, l'analyse spectrale et statistique du speckle est proposee selon les differents modes de detection. Puis, une methode originale d'etalonnage des donnees ROS ERS-1/2 (? °), par comparaison avec des donnees diffusiometriques colocalisees, est presentee. En outre, une nouvelle technique d'estimation de la longueur de coupure azimutale ? c, fondee sur l'utilisation de la fonction d'auto-correlation de l'image ROS est proposee. Cette definition de ? c decrit mieux le filtrage passe-bas que ne le faisait, jusqu'ici, l'approximation quasi-lineaire de la transformation spectrale utilisee dans les algorithmes operationnels d'inversion. Elle permet egalement de definir un nouvel algorithme de restitution du vent mis en evidence par des comparaisons avec les donnees diffusiometriques, et d'ameliorer l'estimation du vent lorsque ? c et ? ° sont analyses conjointement. L'amelioration des techniques de restitution du vent et une meilleure definition de la coupure azimutale doit beneficier aux algorithmes d'inversion spectrale. Enfin, une interpretation statistique des images ROS (loi, variance) est proposee au regard des differents mecanismes imageurs de la surface de la mer.
Linear trends of the length of snow-cover season in the Northern Hemisphere as observed by the satellites in the period 1972–2000

Abstract The dataset of Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid weekly snow cover and sea-ice extent (U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center) for the period September 1972–August 2000 is analyzed to examine the possible influence of recent global warming on the seasonal change of snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere. It is found that the total snow-cover area in the 1980s and 1990s is diminished by 36106 km2, and the length of snow-cover season is reduced by 2 –3 weeks, as compared with the 1970s. In general, the contribution from earlier snowmelt is greater than that from delayed snow accumulation. In addition, the maximum snow-cover area during January–February has gradually decreased by about 36106 km2 within the two decades. Geographically, the rate of decrease of snow-cover duration is 50.1 week per year (wpy) in the high-latitude regions such as the Siberian Plains and Northwest Territories of Canada and 40.2 wpy in the high-elevation regions such as the Scandinavian Peninsula, Tibetan Plateau and Rocky Mountains. The earlier snowmelt in the high-elevation regions suggests that the snowfall amounts there are decreasing owing to global warming.
The Activation of JAK/STAT3 Signaling and the Complement System Modulate Inflammation in the Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts of PXE Patients

Previous studies revealed a link between inflammation and overactivation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in syndromes associated with aging. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a rare autosomal-recessive disorder, arises from mutations in ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6 (ABCC6). On a molecular level, PXE shares similarities with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, such as increased activity of senescence-associated- beta-galactosidase or high expression of inflammatory factors. Thus, this study’s aim was the evaluation of activated STAT3 and the influence of JAK1/2-inhibitor baricitinib (BA) on inflammatory processes such as the complement system in PXE. Analysis of activation of STAT3 was performed by immunofluorescence and Western blot, while inflammatory processes and complement system factors were determined based on mRNA expression and protein level. Our results assume overactivation of JAK/STAT3 signaling, increased expression levels of several complement factors and high C3 protein concentration in the sera of PXE patients. Supplementation with BA reduces JAK/STAT3 activation and partly reduces inflammation as well as the gene expression of complement factors belonging to the C1 complex and C3 convertase in PXE fibroblasts. Our results indicate a link between JAK/STAT3 signaling and complement activation contributing to the proinflammatory phenotype in PXE fibroblasts.