Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instability of a shallow-water potential-vorticity front

A straight front separating two semi-infinite regions of uniform potential vorticity (PV) in a rotating shallow-water fluid gives rise to a localized fluid jet and a geostrophically balanced shelf in the free surface. The linear stability of this configuration, consisting of the simplest non-trivial PV distribution, has been studied previously, with ambiguous results. We revisit the problem and show that the flow is weakly unstable when the maximum Rossby number ${\textsfi R}\,{>}\,1$. The instability is surprisingly weak, indeed exponentially so, scaling like $\exp[-4.3/({\textsfi R} - 1)]$ as ${\textsfi R}\,{\to}\,1$. Even when ${\textsfi R}\,{=}\,\sqrt{2}$ (when the maximum Froude number ${\textsfi F}\,{=}\,1$), the maximum growth rate is only $7.76\,{\times}\,10^{-6}$ times the Coriolis frequency. Its existence nonetheless sheds light on the concept of ‘balance’ in geophysical flows, i.e. the degree to which the PV controls the dynamical evolution of these flows.
Wider and Stronger Inhibitory Ring of the Attentional Focus in Schizophrenia

Anomalies of attentional selection have been repeatedly described in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, a precise analysis of their ability to inhibit irrelevant visual information during attentional selection is not documented. Recent behavioral as well as neurophysiological and computational evidence showed that attentional search among different competing stimuli elicits an area of suppression in the immediate surrounding of the attentional focus. In the present study, the strength and spatial extension of this surround suppression were tested in individuals with schizophrenia and neurotypical controls. Participants were asked to report the orientation of a visual “pop-out” target, which appeared in different positions within a peripheral array of non-target stimuli. In half of the trials, after the target appeared, a probe circle circumscribed a non-target stimulus at various target-to-probe distances; in this case, participants were asked to report the probe orientation instead. Results suggest that, as compared to neurotypical controls, individuals with schizophrenia showed stronger and spatially more extended filtering of visual information in the areas surrounding their attentional focus. This increased filtering of visual information outside the focus of attention might potentially hamper their ability to integrate different elements into coherent percepts and influence higher order behavioral, affective, and cognitive domains.
Acoustically perturbed turbulent premixed swirling flames

The dynamics of a turbulent premixed confined swirling flame is investigated using large eddy simulation. The flame response is determined by introducing an external acoustic forcing at two modulation frequencies corresponding to characteristic values of the flame transfer function obtained experimentally. These values were found to give different responses in terms of gain in a previous series of experiments. The underlying physical mechanisms identified experimentally are investigated numerically. Simulations confirm that swirl number fluctuations and vortex roll-up govern the flame response. It is also confirmed that the first mechanism is associated with a mode conversion process taking place when acoustic waves impinge on the swirler unit. The axial acoustic velocity disturbance on the upstream side of the swirler generates an axial acoustic wave and an azimuthal convective disturbance in the downstream flow. These combined disturbances are retrieved in the simulation and their effect on the swirl number is extracted. Calculations also indicate that vortex shedding synchronized by the acoustic forcing takes place at the injector lip outlet. Vortices originating from this region are convected in the jet shear layer, impinge on the flame, and roll-up the flame tip. This process interferes with oscillations in the flame angle induced by swirl number fluctuations. The phasing of the flame angle with respect to the instant of vortex shedding from the injector lips determines the lifetime of the vortex before interaction with the flame and controls the strength of this interaction. When this lifetime is reduced, the vortex cannot fully develop and the flame response remains weak. For larger lifetimes, the vortex can fully develop and produce larger heat release rate perturbations. This process depends on the forcing frequency, which determines the phasing between swirl number fluctuations and vortices generation.
Variable Selection in Semiparametric Quantile Modeling for Longitudinal Data

We propose a penalized quantile regression for partially linear varying coefficient (VC) model with longitudinal data to select relevant non parametric and parametric components simultaneously. Selection consistency and oracle property are established. Furthermore, if linear part and VC part are unknown, we propose a new unified method, which can do three types of selections: separation of varying and constant effects, selection of relevant variables, and it can be carried out conveniently in one step. Consistency in the three types of selections and oracle property in estimation are established as well. Simulation studies and real data analysis also confirm our method.
Intervention Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Physical Fitness, Emotional State and Mental Health of Drug Addicts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aims to discuss evidence for the efficacy of aerobic exercise in reducing drug addiction and improving the physical and mental health of drug addicts. We systematically searched several online databases as of the end of September 2022, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang. All articles were identified, screened and included according to the inclusion or exclusion criteria. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used as a criterion for assessing the methodological quality of included studies. Random and fixed effects models were used for the analysis of standard mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 27 studies involving 2022 drug addicts were finally included in the analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise could improve the physical fitness [body fat percentage: MD = −0.74, 95%CI (−1.40, −0.08), vital capacity: MD = 213.79, 95%CI (46.28, 381.29), muscle force: MD = 1.21, 95%CI (0.34, 2.08), flexibility: MD = 4.61, 95%CI (2.98, 6.25), balance: MD = 9.95, 95%CI (6.29, 13.62)], regulate the systolic blood pressure: MD = −4.38, 95%CI (−7.08, −1.68), diastolic blood pressure: MD = −2.66, 95% CI (−3.82, −1.51), beats per minute: MD =−1.92, 95%CI (−3.19, −0.65); emotional state [anxiety: MD = −4.56, 95% CI (−5.67, −3.45), depression: MD = −3.28, 95%CI (−5.16, −1.39), drug craving: SMD= −1.68,95% CI(−2.56, −0.80)], and promote the mental health [anxiety: MD = −0.22, 95%CI (−0.33, −0.11), obsessive−compulsive: MD = −0.26, 95%CI (−0.50, −0.03), somatization: MD = −0.21, 95%CI (−0.27, −0.14), depression: MD = −0.21, 95%CI (−0.28, −0.15), psychoticcism: MD = −0.12, 95%CI (−0.18, −0.06), phobic anxiety: MD = −0.11, 95%CI (−0.16, −0.07), paranoid ideation: MD = −0.09, 95%CI (−0.15, −0.02), interpersonal sensitivity: MD = −0.16, 95%CI (−0.22, −0.10), hostility: MD = −0.12, 95%CI (−0.18, −0.05)], with statistically significant differences(p < 0.05)] of drug addicts. Thus, aerobic exercise could effectively improve the physical fitness, emotional state and mental health of drug addicts, and reduce their drug addiction. For clinical practitioners and researchers, this study could provide more reliable evidence for addiction treatment.
The Effect of Interference of Four Equispaced Cylinders in Cross Flow on Pressure and Force Coefficients

Abstract The static pressure distributions on four cylinders arranged in a square configuration subject to cross flow are presented for spacing ratios ranging from 1·26 to 5·80 and angles of incidence of the oncoming flow ranging from 0 to 45° in 15°intervals. The corresponding forces, lift and drag, on each cylinder are also given by integration from the measured pressure distributions. The results are compared with flow visualizations and with other measurements. A critical spacing ratio which was different from the situation of two and three cylinders, was found to be L/D = 2·7 at small stagger angles. The effect of the angle of incidence on the force and base pressure coefficients is also discussed.
Prostate Cancer—PET Imaging Update

Simple Summary The imaging of prostate cancer has evolved over the last few decades with molecular imaging, especially Positron Emission Tomography (PET) replacing conventional CT and MRI in patients with prostate cancer recurrence. These recent advances in PET imaging have allowed for a better localization of disease recurrence, and a better characterization of disease extent. Beyond localization and characterization, new uses for PET imaging have emerged, with PET agents now playing a role in assessing the response to treatment at the receptor level, and also helping to determine patient prognosis and survival. Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common non-dermatologic cancer in men, and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The incidence of prostate cancer increases precipitously after the age of 65 and demonstrates variable aggressiveness, depending on its grade and stage at diagnosis. Despite recent advancements in prostate cancer treatment, recurrence is seen in 25% of patients. Advancements in prostate cancer Positron Emission Tomography (PET) molecular imaging and recent United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals have led to several new options for evaluating prostate cancer. This manuscript will review the commonly used molecular imaging agents, with an emphasis on Fluorine-18 fluciclovine (Axumin) and PSMA-ligand agents, including their protocols, imaging interpretation, and pitfalls.
The impact of socially accountable health professional education: Systematic review

Medical education is socially responsible for a global educational movement that transforms the development and presentation of medical schools in higher education. Therefore, in the present systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the impact of socially accountable health professional education. Published research articles were reviewed by searching the relevant terms invalid databases. In the initial search, 2340 records were obtained. At this stage, 1482 records were deleted due to duplication, and 773 records were removed due to indirect connection with the subject. Then, 85 articles were retrieved for full-text review. Finally, the complete review led to the selection of nine studies that met all inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the present systematic review, among the nine reviewed articles, four studies (44.44%) evaluated the effectiveness of social accountability on increasing the sense of empowerment, self-confidence, competencies such as teamwork, communication skills, and readiness for work. Three studies (33.333%) assessed the effectiveness of social accountability on providing further and better medical services and reducing infant mortality. Also, in two articles (22.22%), students' lack of knowledge about social accountability was studied. Social accountability can help cultivate a healthy and skilled medical workforce and be effective in improving health services provided to the people. On the other hand, there are different perceptions and views on what social responsibility really is and how its effectiveness can be measured. Also, it is highly important to provide awareness in this regard for students.
Fiscal consolidation in China: a dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis

ABSTRACT Inflation and overcapacity caused by fiscal expansion have begun to plague China’s economy. The surge in public debt caused by the perennial high deficit rate has led to accumulated debt risk. The lessons of the European debt crisis have forced China to re-examine its debt sustainability. A larger and more systematic fiscal consolidation is urgent. Based on China’s multiple fiscal accounts, this paper constructs a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model suitable for China’s scenario. By simulation, we evaluated the economic effects of revenue-based and spending-based fiscal consolidation and mixed consolidation and drew the following conclusions: (1) The success of fiscal consolidation requires paying a certain economic price. The industrial sectors closely related to the government bear more pressure from consolidation, which makes spending-based consolidation measures more advantageous in terms of cost because of their lower negative externalities. (2) China’s social security system has mitigated the effect on households during periods of fiscal consolidation, but the social insurance fund bears greater losses. (3) The mixed strategy of combining revenue and spending balance the contradiction between economic development and industrial structure in consolidation. While protecting the industrial structure, this strategy can complete the consolidation goal at a small economic cost.
On additive maps of prime rings satisfying the engel condition

Let A be a prime ring with nonzero right ideal R and f : R → A an additive map. Next, let k,n1, n2,…,nk be natural numbers. Suppose that […[[(x), xn1], xn2],…, xnk]=0 for all x ∈ R. Then it is proved in Theorem 1.1 that [f(x),x]=0 provided that either char(A)=0 or char (A)> n1+n2+ …+nk Theorem 1.1 is a simultaneous generalization of a number of results proved earlier.
Sputum antibiogram in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Bacterial infections are the most common reason for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). This can range from self-limited disease to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in survivors. Aim: To ascertain common antibiotics effective in AECOPD using sputum bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional observational study, we analysed the sputum antibiogram in 237 patients who had not received antibiotics in the past 48 hours. Statistical analysis was performed, and the χ2 test was used to determine the associations between categorical variables. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of 237 sputum samples, 77.2% were mucoid in nature, followed by purulent and mucopurulent sputum in 16.9% and 5.9% of cases, respectively. In the purulent/mucopurulent samples, 85.2% showed positive growth on culture compared to 35% of mucoid samples. Cultures grew single pathogens in 108 cases, and 2 grew multiple pathogens; in 127 cases, no pathogenic organisms were isolated. In all, 41 (37.96%) isolates grew Gram-positive and 67 (62.04%) grew Gram-negative organisms. The most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria was imipenem (50%) and that against Gram-positive bacteria was vancomycin (70.59%). All isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Conclusion: Sputum culture is a good and simple tool to study the aetiology and complications caused by bacteria in AECOPD. The antibiogram helps in identifying the correct treatment and timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, thereby helping reduce mortality and morbidity.
Rationality of Prescriptions by Rational Use of Medicine Consensus Approach in Common Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections: An Outpatient Department Based Cross-Sectional Study from India

Background: Drug utilisation studies are relevant for the analysis of prescription rationality and are pertinent in today’s context of the increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance. Prescriptions for patients with diarrhoea or Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) have been analysed in this study to understand the prescription pattern among various categories of prescribers in two tertiary care centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to December 2020 in the medicine and pediatrics outpatient departments of two government teaching hospitals in West Bengal, India. A total of 630 prescriptions were evaluated against WHO standards. Prescriptions were assessed by a ‘Rational Use of Medicine Consensus committee’ approach. Results: The Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) was used in half of the patients (51%). Both the generic prescription (23.3%) and adherence to hospital formulary rates (36.5%) were low. The antibiotics prescription rate was high (57%), and it was higher for diarrhoea than ARI. Deviations from the standard treatment guidelines were found in 98.9% of prescriptions. Deviations were commonly found with prescriptions written by the junior doctors (99.6%). Conclusion: Irrational prescribing patterns prevail in tertiary care centers and indicate the necessity of awareness generation and capacity building among prescribers regarding AMR and its unseen consequences.
Delamination buckling and growth in a clamped circular plate

The paper presents an elastic postbuckling analysis of a delaminated circular plate under axisymmetric compression along its clamped boundary. Von Karman's equations are assumed to govern the deformation of the delaminated layer, while the deflection of the main body of the plate is described by the linear equations of the classical plate theory. Solution of the boundary-value problem is reduced to repeated numerical integration of two initial-value problems. Certain features of the postbuckling behavior are found to be qualitatively similar to the buckling of an axially loaded beam plate containing a one-dimensional delamination. An analytical expression of the energy-release rate is obtained in terms of the postbuckling solution. The stability of delamination growth under a fixed boundary displacement is examined. The results are compared with the previous results for thin-film circular delamination.
Origin of the structures and polarization in the classical double 3C 219

Scaled-array VLA observations of the classical double radio galaxy 3C 219 at 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, and 4.9 GHz with 1.4″ resolution have been used to derive the spectral and polarimetric properties of the source. The extended emission of the lobes is filamentary, as in other well-resolved radio galaxies. A second type of filamentation, spatially independent of the total intensity filaments, is found in the depolarization distribution of the source. The depolarization filaments are associated with strong local gradients in the rotation measure and may indicate that a clumpy magnetoionic medium surrounds the radio galaxy
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Persistent Bacteremia: A Decadal Observational Study

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs), including persistent bacteremia (PB), are a leading source of morbidity and mortality globally. PB has a higher mortality rate than non- PB, but the clinical aspects of PB in terms of the causative pathogens and the presence of clearance of PB are not well elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of PB in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational survey of patients who underwent blood culture between January 2012 and December 2021 at Tohoku University Hospital. Cases of PB were divided into three groups depending on the causative pathogen: gram-positive cocci (GPC), gram-negative rods (GNRs), and Candida spp. For each group, we examined the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of PB, including differences in clinical features depending on the clearance of PB. The main outcome variable was mortality, assessed as early (30-day), late (30–90 day), and 90-day mortality. Results: Overall, we identified 31,591 cases of single bacteremia; in 6709 (21.2%) cases, the first blood culture was positive, and in 3124 (46.6%) cases, a follow-up blood culture (FUBC) was performed. Of the cases with FUBCs, 414 (13.2%) were confirmed to be PB. The proportion of PB cases caused by Candida spp. was significantly higher (29.6%, 67/226 episodes) than that for GPC (11.1%, 220/1974 episodes, p < 0.001) and GNRs (12.1%, 100/824 episodes, p < 0.001). The Candida spp. group also had the highest late (30–90 day) and 90-day mortality rates. In all three pathogen groups, the subgroup without the clearance of PB tended to have a higher mortality rate than the subgroup with clearance. Conclusions: Patients with PB due to Candida spp. have a higher late (30–90 day) and 90-day mortality rate than patients with PB due to GPC or GNRs. In patients with PB, FUBCs and confirming the clearance of PB are useful to improve the survival rate.
Fine structural aspects on the web glue production in the golden orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata

ABSTRACT The water-soluble glue substance of the capture threads in Trichonephila clavata is solely produced from two pairs of aggregate silk glands. During the web glue production, secretory vesicles were synthesized via the extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum of epithelial cells. Unlike the clearly described fibrous web production in spiders, the process of aqueous web glue production appears to involve either a condensing or a packaging step by the Golgi complex. In particular, the fine structure of secretory vesicles varies from cell to cell and may represent the secretory cycle. The electron-dense multivesicular bodies were clearly visible as discrete droplets, and the mature secretory product in the glandular epithelium appeared as a spherical vacuole grown by fusion with surrounding small vesicles. Our fine structural observation reveals that the secretion occurs when the release of secreted material involves the loss of part of the cytoplasm. The bleb along the luminal surface of the secretory cells and membrane-bound extracellular vesicles which pinched off from the cell suggests that the secretory product is released by the mechanism of apocrine secretion.
Kinematics in the outer parts of the SMC

Extensive studies of red horizontal branch (clump) stars in the outer parts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) have suggested the presence of a large line-of-sight depth in the north-eastern region. A sample of red horizontal branch stars in the area of maximum depth was observed in 1989 December and 1990 December with the multi-object spectroscopic facility Autofib at the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope, with the purpose of deriving the velocity distribution for these stars. The data show a well-defined correlation between distance along the line of sight and radial velocity (corresponding to 8 km s −1 kpc −1 ), which may be interpreted as the result of the tidal interaction between the SMC and the LMC