Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surge-Energy and Overvoltage Ruggedness of P-Gate GaN HEMTs

An essential ruggedness of power devices is the capability of safely withstanding the surge energy. The surge ruggedness of the GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), a power transistor with no or minimal avalanche capability, has not been fully understood. This article unveils the comprehensive physics associated with the surge-energy withstand process and the failure mechanisms of p-gate GaN HEMTs. Two commercial p-gate GaN HEMTs with Ohmic- and Schottky-type gate contacts are studied. Two circuits are developed to study the device surge ruggedness: an unclamped inductive switching circuit is first used to identify the withstand dynamics and failure mechanisms, and a clamped inductive switching circuit with a controllable parasitic inductance is then designed to mimic the surge energy in converter-like switching events. The p-gate GaN HEMT is found to withstand the surge energy through a resonant energy transfer between the device capacitance and the load/parasitic inductance rather than a resistive energy dissipation as occurred in the avalanche. If the device resonant voltage goes below zero, the device reversely turns on and the inductor is discharged. The device failure occurs at the transient of peak resonant voltage and is limited by the device overvoltage capability rather than the surge energy, dV/dt, or overvoltage duration. Almost no energy is dissipated in the resonant withstand process and the device failure is dominated by an electric field rather than a thermal runaway. These results provide critical understandings on the ruggedness of GaN HEMTs and important references for their qualifications and applications.
THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM IN INITIATING THE STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AS OUTCOME FROM INNOVATIVENESS BEHAVIOR: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM STAR HOTELS

One way that is widely used by many organizations in general, including hotels to survive in a business competition climate is to encourage employees to have an entrepreneurial mindset and behavior in carrying out their respective functions. The mindset and behavior must, of course, be initiated and supported by the Top Management Team (TMT) including the Functional Top Management Team (FTMT) level. However, unfortunately, some FTMT members do not have the same mindset and behavior. FTMT is like the heart of an organization and functions as a predecessor from the birth of a business strategy such as strategic alliances. In the context of hotels, strategic alliances should ideally be born from innovative ideas that are not only the responsibility of FTMT. Thus, FTMT must also play a role to encourage the creation of innovation that is in line with the organization’s vision, mission, goals, and competencies. Improving the entrepreneurial orientation of the hotel, especially the innovativeness factor is an important step to initiate the application of statistic alliances which of course the strategy should come from the ideas of the FTMT. This study tries to analyze the role of FTMT and its influence on innovation and the application of business strategies in the form of strategic alliances. Data collected from 29 4 and 5 star hotels in Surabaya were analyzed using structural equation modeling to support the hypothesis of this research. The results of this study indicate that all three hypotheses can be accepted where FTMT influences innovativeness and strategic alliance. Innovativeness also has a direct influence on strategic alliances.
Analysis of the effect of n fertilisation on the growth dynamics of winter wheat varieties using the hunt-parsons model

The effect of nitrogen (N) fertilisation on the growth of winter wheat varieties was examined in three diverse years using the functional method of growth analysis. The main plot in the two-factorial, split-plot experiment was the N treatment and the subplot the variety. The wheat varieties Mv Toborzo (extra-early), Mv Palotas (early) and Mv Verbunkos (mid-early) were treated with N rates of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg N ha−1 (N0, N80, N160, N240). The Hunt-Parsons (HP) program fitted a third-degree exponential function to the dry matter and leaf area data. In 2007 and 2008 dry matter accumulation continued up to the N240 rate and in 2009 to the N160 rate. In all three years the highest value was recorded for Mv Verbunkos (4.62 g plant−1 in 2007, 4.63 g in 2008 and 4.51 g in 2009). The highest value of maximum leaf area (237.5 cm2) was found for Mv Verbunkos in the N240 treatment. The maximum values of leaf area in each N treatment, averaged over years and varieties (cm2 plant−1), were as follows: N0: 86.2; N80.
Life history and production of Paranephrops zealandicus in a forest stream, with comments about the sustainable harvest of a freshwater crayfish

1. Life history and production were assessed for the crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus in three reaches of a headwater stream with a catchment of regenerating coniferous-broadleaf forest in the south-east of the South Island of New Zealand. 2. Crayfish density ranged from 3 to 4 m−2 in riffles and 4–12 m−2 in pools, depending on reach. Crayfish biomass (4–33 g AFDW m−2) and annual production (2–11 g AFDW m−2) were high compared with values reported elsewhere, while P:B ratio was low (0.33–0.43). This substantial production was dependent primarily upon high biomass rather than high growth rate. 3. The crayfish of this population rank amongst the longest lived and slowest growing ever recorded. Individuals estimated to be 16+ year of age were not uncommon. Females became reproductively active at 6+ year. Fewer than 4% of females carried eggs, and young remained attached to females for at least 15 months. 4. We propose that characteristics of this population are the consequence of a cool thermal regime (mean daily stream temperature = 7.0 °C, range 1.8–11.9 °C), and that low biomass turnover and poor reproductive rate precludes any sustainable commercial harvest of crayfish from streams in New Zealand with similar thermal regimes.
Functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot to Tetranychus urticae Koch: effects of prey life stages and temperature

This paper examines the effect of density and temperature on the functional response of adult female Phytoseiulus persimilis to different life stages of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae . The functional response was determined using functional response assay technique with plant leaf discs an arena. We conducted a logistic regression of the proportion of prey consumed as a function of initial prey density to identify functional response types, and used nonlinear least-squares regression and the random predator equation to estimate attack rates and handling times. In all the cases number of adult male prey attacked by female predator were greater than adult female prey. P. persimilis consumed more eggs and larvae than other stages of prey. Female predator consumed adult prey at each temperature which generally increased with prey density initially but leveled off at higher prey densities. The highest number of eggs, larvae and nymphs consumed by predator in 24 hours was 16.3 ± 0.42, 9.9 ± 0.59 and 9.5 ± 0.40 respectively whereas the highest number of eggs, larvae and nymphs consumed by a single female in 48 hours was 19.5 ± 1.15, 18.6 ± 0.62 and 13.3 ± 0.65 respectively. Handling time generally decreased with temperature whereas successful attack rate increased with temperature except at 30o C. Judging by a/Th values, P. persimilis was most efficient against T. urticae at 30-35oC, about half as efficient at 25 oC and performed poorly at 20o C. Again, from a/Th values, P. persimilis was most efficient against T. urticae in egg stage, about half as efficient at larva and nymph stages and performed poorly at adult stage. Key words: Phytoseiulus persimilis ; Tetranychus urticae ; functional response; predation; temperature. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/ujzru.v29i1. 9458 UJZRU 2010; 29(1): 1-8
Hydrocolloid coating pretreatment makes explosion puffing drying applicable in protein-rich foods – A case study of scallop adductors

Abstract Explosion puffing drying (EPD) is rarely employed in protein-rich foods due to insufficient puffing driving force. Therefore, hydrocolloid coating pretreatment was performed to evaluate the feasibility of EPD application in scallop adductors. The transverse relaxation time (T2) of scallop adductors was determined by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). Average drying rate, puffing degree (Pd ), rehydration rate (Rr ), total color difference (ΔE), hardness, and brittleness of puffing-dried scallop adductors were also analyzed. Coating before pre-drying and coating twice significantly improved quality characteristics of scallop adductors. After pre-drying, T2 of loosely bound water (T21) appeared with coating pretreatment, which increased the freedom degree and mobility of water molecules, thereby improving the quality of scallop adductors. T2 of the immobilized water (T22) and the proportion of tightly bound water (mT2b) had a significant correlation with Pd , ΔE, hardness, and brittleness. Coating pretreatment contributes to the enhanced quality of puffing-dried scallop adductors.
Neutral genetic differentiation in an island model with cyclical parthenogenesis

Unusually high levels of genetic differentiation are often observed between populations of Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera) and other cladocerans. Selection and departure from migration–mutation–drift equilibrium have been invoked to explain this fact. However, the null model of neutral genes at equilibrium has not been explicitly stated. Using a simple island model that takes into account the main characteristics of the cyclical parthenogenetic life‐cycle, we show that a high level of differentiation can be obtained for neutral genes at equilibrium if the migration rate during the asexual phase is low and the effective size over the season is reduced, or if mating within clones is common. Recurrent population bottlenecks have a large effect on differentiation and the time to reach equilibrium. Such fluctuating clonal dynamics could be brought about by limitations in the number of clones that hatch and establish themselves each season, or by random associations between neutral and selected genes, as previously suggested in the literature.
Science Teachers’ Perceptions of Personal Science Efficacy Beliefs and Science Teaching in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the United Arab Emirates

This study sought to explore the science efficacy beliefs of in-service teachers from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) (n = 226), Pakistan (n = 130), and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (n = 99) by administering the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B) in a cross-sectional survey research design. A comparison of the three datasets indicated differences in terms of teachers’ personal science teaching efficacy (PSTE) and science teaching outcome expectancy efficacy (STOE). Teachers’ academic qualifications and experience showed relevance with the PSTE and STOE of the KSA sample but did not show relevance for UAE and Pakistan. These results have implications for teacher education programs in all three countries, which need to strengthen their teaching content and make science teachers more efficacious in order to bring about positive changes in students’ science learning. Other recommendations include: providing culturally tailored teacher education that respects the role of cultural adaptation, nationality, gender, academic qualifications, and years of teaching experience; and introducing effective professional development models to strengthen science teachers’ efficacy beliefs.
Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur on the growth and seed yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

A field experiment was conducted at the Spices Research Centre, Shibgonj, Bogra, Bangladesh during the rabi seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 to determine the requirement of N, P, K, and S of coriander (BARI Corinader-1) for achieving satisfactory seed yield of this crop. Different levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 70, and 100 kg/ha), phosphorus (0, 25, 50, and 70 kg/ha), potassium (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg/ha), and sulphur (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) were distributed in the plot. The experiment was tested in randomized complete block design with three replications. There was positive impact of application of those nutrients on the yield and yield contributing characters of coriander up to a moderate level of N 70 P 50 K 30 S 20 kg/ha. The highest seed yield (2.06 t/ha in 2008-2009 and 2.09 t/ha in 2009-2010) was obtained with this moderate application of N, P, K, and S (70, 50, 30, and 20 kg/ha, respectively) and yield was declined with higher doses of these elements. The fertilizer treatment N 70 P 50 K 30 S 20 was observed to be the best suitable dose for coriander cultivation on Grey Terrace Soil of Amnura Soil Series under AEZ-25(Level Barind Tract) of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2. 20433 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 303-309, June 2014
Consumers’ Evaluation of Stockfree-Organic Agriculture—A Segmentation Approach

Recently, more and more research has been conducted on what sustainable nutrition could look like. Stockfree-organic agriculture is one possible approach but a relatively new and unstudied cultivation method. In addition to organic agriculture, it excludes any animal by-products during the whole cultivation process. Among the consumers of organic food are especially many vegetarians and vegans. To attract this target group, first farms in Europe have started to follow the stockfree-organic agriculture principles. As it is important to know the consumers’ point of view on new developments in agriculture at an early stage of the diffusion process, this study deals with consumers’ evaluation of stockfree-organic agriculture to draw conclusions about a possible market potential. This is especially important for stockfree-organic farmers, as well as for organic farmers who are considering converting their cultivation method, and for retailers who wonder whether it is worthwhile to offer these products. The data was collected in 2019 by means of an online survey. The sample consisted of 500 German respondents. Principal component and cluster analyses were used to identify consumer segments according to their attitudes towards the acceptance, advantages, and disadvantages of stockfree-organic agriculture. Additionally, the different segments were compared with each other according to various attitudes and eating behaviours. Overall, animal welfare considerations and environmental aspects were of particular importance to consumers. Animal usage was clearly rejected by one segment, which contained 24% of the sample. Nearly all vegetarians and all vegans supported stockfree-organic agriculture, whereas heavy meat consumers tended to refuse the support of stockfree-organic agriculture. The supporting group valuing high animal welfare and health concerns was much larger than the current status of this niche segment would suggest. This could be a major challenge for the agricultural sector in the long term, but could also include opportunities for greater sustainability.
Avaliação da atividade de microrganismos do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo de soja

A greenhouse experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of different cultural practices on the activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and of other soil microorganisms involved in nutrient cycling. The soil used was from a field experiment that consisted of continuous soybean or corn-soybean rotations as summer crops, with oats or Crotalaria juncea as winter crops. Treatments totaled eight cropping system regimes includig the coventional and minimal cultivation. Soil from a nearby natural forest was used as control. There were six replicate pots for each treatment, three of which were additionally inoculated with K japonicum inoculum when soybeans were sown. Plants were harvested at flowering and shoot dry matter and nitrogen concentration were determined, as well as nodule number, nodule weight and percent mycorrhizal colonization of roots. Soil samples from each field treatment that had been kept in the refrigerator were evaluated to determine the total number of bacteria, fungi, cellulolytic microorganisms and nitrifying bacteria. Soybeans grown in soil from minimal cultivation plots and from crop rotations demonstrated significantly greater nodulation and larger cellulolytic populations. Other microbial groups were not highly affected. Percent mycorrhizal infection of roots was extremely low in all treatments, probably due to the high available phosphate levels in all soils.
Differential responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activities of two Vigna unguiculata cultivars to salt stress

Vita 3 and Vita 5 are two Vigna unguiculata cultivars that differ in their capacities for survival in saline environments; Vita 3 is more tolerant and Vita 5 more sensitive. Both cultivars were submitted to salt stress with 0.1 M NaCl. After 8 days, root and shoot growth from both cultivars was reduced but reduction was more pronounced in Vita 5. Furthermore, leaf area was also reduced in this cultivar. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not affected by salt stress, but the specific activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) decreased in Vita 3 and increased in Vita 5. The use of immunological techniques also revealed that the Rubisco content from Vita 3 decreased while that of Vita 5 increased. The discussion of these results is aimed at reaching a better understanding of the differences between these cultivars in relation to salt stress.
Comparison of rectal and vaginal temperature daily rhythm in dogs (Canis familiaris) under different photoperiod

To investigate the daily rhythm of rectal and vaginal temperature, we used six mongrel dogs with a mean body weight of 15±3 kg, aged between 2 and 3 years old. Rectal and vaginal temperatures were recorded every 3 h over 48-h period during three different lighting regimes: natural light/dark (L/D) cycle (sunrise 06:25, sunset 17:05), constant light (L/L) and constant darkness (D/D). A daily rhythm of rectal temperature was observed in both days of monitoring in all experimental conditions. Vaginal temperature showed a daily rhythmicity in L/D and D/D cycle. During the L/L cycle, daily rhythm was disrupted. Rhythmic parameters (MESOR, amplitude, acrophase and robustness) did not change between the different photoperiod and the site of temperature collection. In conclusion, the monitoring of vaginal temperature can be considered a valid alternative to the monitoring of body temperature as well as rectal temperature under natural lighting conditions in canine medicine.
Numerical verification of the Concentric Arches model for geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankments: applicability and limitations

In this study, a series of three-dimensional finite element simulations of a geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment design was conducted. The effects of subsoil stiffness, friction and dilation angles of the fill, fill height, pile spacing, surcharge load on the embankment, and anisotropic tensile stiffness of the geosynthetic reinforcement (GR), ground reaction curve, and interfacial responses between the fill material and GR were scrutinized. Numerical results showed how transfer of the vertical load towards the piles (load part A) and the related soil arches change with subsoil stiffness, geometric parameters, and vertical pressure on the embankment. Furthermore, the vertical load transferred through the GR (load part B) is reduced significantly with increasing subsoil stiffness, while the load part carried by the subsoil (load part C) increases. The numerical results showed that the vertical stress distribution on the GR changes from an inverse-triangular shape for low subsoil stiffness to a uniform shape for high subsoil stiffness. This matches perfectly with the Concentric Arches model. For low subsoil stiffness, the tensile strains of the GR are concentrated at the corner of a square pile cap.
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION, NATIVE INSECT POLLINATORS, AND FERAL HONEY BEES IN ARGENTINE, "CHACO SERRANO"'

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Validation of SAGE III/ISS Solar Occultation Ozone Products With Correlative Satellite and Ground‐Based Measurements

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) was launched on 19 February 2017 and began routine operation in June 2017. The first 2 years of SAGE III/ISS (v5.1) solar occultation ozone data were evaluated by using correlative satellite and ground‐based measurements. Among the three (MES, AO3, and MLR) SAGE III/ISS retrieved solar ozone products, AO3 ozone shows the smallest bias and best precision, with mean biases less than 5% for altitudes ~15–55 km in the midlatitudes and ~20–55 km in the tropics. In the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, AO3 ozone shows high biases that increase with decreasing altitudes and reach ~10% near the tropopause. Preliminary studies indicate that those high biases primarily result from the contributions of the oxygen dimer (O4) not being appropriately removed within the ozone channel. The precision of AO3 ozone is estimated to be ~3% for altitudes between 20 and 40 km. It degrades to ~10–15% in the lower mesosphere (~55 km) and ~20–30% near the tropopause. There could be an altitude registration error of ~100 m in the SAGE III/ISS auxiliary temperature and pressure profiles. This, however, does not affect retrieved ozone profiles in native number density on geometric altitude coordinates. In the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere (~40–55 km), the SAGE III/ISS (and SAGE II) retrieved ozone values show sunrise/sunset differences of ~5–8%, which are almost twice as large as what was observed by other satellites or model predictions. This feature needs further study.
Composition and flight periodicity of adult caddisflies in New Zealand hill‐country catchments of contrasting land use

Abstract A total of 6085 adult Trichoptera (excluding Hydroptilidae) representing 12 families, 31 genera, and 56 species were collected by a combination of Malaise net and light trapping from July 1998 to July 1999 at three hill‐country sites of contrasting catchment land use (100% native forest, a pasture site with native forest headwaters, and 100% pasture) in the Waikato, northern New Zealand. Forty‐eight species of Trichoptera were collected from Malaise nets and 45 species from light traps. Eleven species of Trichoptera were only ever collected from the Malaise nets and seven species from only the light traps. At the native forest site, Malaise nets collected more species and taxa of conservation interest than did light traps, possibly reflecting diurnal activity or non‐attraction to light by some species. Several species of Trichoptera showed site specificity and most of these were found at the native forest site. Twenty‐eight species were active for at least 6 months of the year with at least four species active all year. A minimum overnight air temperature of at least 9°C was required to induce Trichoptera flight activity, but large‐scale flight activity may require temperatures greater than 14°C. Trichoptera with free‐living and net spinning larvae exhibited extended flight periods, and for three species examined there were bi‐modal activity peaks. Adult caddisflies with cased larvae which grazed on epilithic food resources generally had reduced flight periods and one species had a well‐defined, synchronous periodicity. These findings suggest flight periodicity may partly be a functional response to larval food availability.