Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward the Rational Design of Organic Catalysts for Organocatalysed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation

Thanks to their diversity, organic photocatalysts (PCs) have been widely used in manufacturing polymeric products with well-defined molecular weights, block sequences, and architectures. Still, however, more universal property-performance relationships are needed to enable the rational design of such PCs. That is, a set of unique descriptors ought to be identified to represent key properties of the PCs relevant for polymerisation. Previously, the redox potentials of excited PCs (PC*) were used as a good descriptor for characterising very structurally similar PCs. However, it fails to elucidate PCs with diverse chromophore cores and ligands, among which those used for polymerisation are a good representative. As showcased by model systems of organocatalysed atom transfer radical polymerisation (O-ATRP), new universal descriptors accounting for additional factors, such as the binding and density overlap between the PC* and initiator, are proposed and proved to be successful in elucidating the experimental performances of PCs in polymerisation. While O-ATRP is exemplified here, the approach adopted is general for studying other photocatalytic systems.
Work Engagement and Burnout in a Private Healthcare Unit in Greece

Work engagement represents a positive work-related state of mind characterized by three dimensions: Vigor (high levels of energy and mental resilience during work), Dedication (strong involvement in one’s work), and Absorption (complete-joyous immersion in one’s tasks). This study aimed to investigate work engagement and burnout in health professionals in a private healthcare unit in Greece. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 151 professionals, including doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and other health professionals involved in this setting. The study duration was four months (January–April 2022). The questionnaire covered sociodemographic and work-related information, along with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Regarding the subdimensions of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, participants demonstrated a moderate score in Absorption and medium to high scores in Vigor and Dedication. In terms of burnout, they showed a low score in Depersonalization, a medium score in Emotional Exhaustion, and a high score in Personal Accomplishment. Those with nonpermanent employment contracts scored higher in all dimensions of burnout compared to those with permanent employment contracts. Vigor, Dedication, and Absorption correlated negatively with Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization and positively with Personal Accomplishment. Vigor negatively predicted Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. In conclusion, healthcare professionals in the private healthcare sector in Greece demonstrate moderate work engagement and experience moderate burnout. There are differences in work engagement and burnout based on sociodemographic and work-related characteristics. Promoting work engagement (especially the dimension of Vigor) is essential to preventing and addressing burnout among healthcare professionals.
Oncostatin M and STAT3 Signaling Pathways Support Human Trophoblast Differentiation by Inhibiting Inflammatory Stress in Response to IFNγ and GM-CSF

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily cytokines play critical roles during human pregnancy by promoting trophoblast differentiation, invasion, and endocrine function, and maintaining embryo immunotolerance and protection. In contrast, the unbalanced activity of pro-inflammatory factors such as interferon gamma (IFNγ) and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at the maternal–fetal interface have detrimental effects on trophoblast function and differentiation. This study demonstrates how the IL-6 cytokine family member oncostatin M (OSM) and STAT3 activation regulate trophoblast fusion and endocrine function in response to pro-inflammatory stress induced by IFNγ and GM-CSF. Using human cytotrophoblast-like BeWo (CT/BW) cells, differentiated in villous syncytiotrophoblast (VST/BW) cells, we show that beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (βhCG) production and cell fusion process are affected in response to IFNγ or GM-CSF. However, those effects are abrogated with OSM by modulating the activation of IFNγ-STAT1 and GM-CSF-STAT5 signaling pathways. OSM stimulation enhances the expression of STAT3, the phosphorylation of STAT3 and SMAD2, and the induction of negative regulators of inflammation (e.g., IL-10 and TGFβ1) and cytokine signaling (e.g., SOCS1 and SOCS3). Using STAT3-deficient VST/BW cells, we show that STAT3 expression is required for OSM to regulate the effects of IFNγ in βhCG and E-cadherin expression. In contrast, OSM retains its modulatory effect on GM-CSF-STAT5 pathway activation even in STAT3-deficient VST/BW cells, suggesting that OSM uses STAT3-dependent and -independent mechanisms to modulate the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways IFNγ-STAT1 and GM-CSF-STAT5. Moreover, STAT3 deficiency in VST/BW cells leads to the production of both a large amount of βhCG and an enhanced expression of activated STAT5 induced by GM-CSF, independently of OSM, suggesting a key role for STAT3 in βhCG production and trophoblast differentiation through STAT5 modulation. In conclusion, our study describes for the first time the critical role played by OSM and STAT3 signaling pathways to preserve and regulate trophoblast biological functions during inflammatory stress.
Silica fluxes in the northeast Atlantic frontal zone of Mode Water formation (38°–45°N, 16°–22°W) in 2001–2002

[1] The biogenic (BSi) and lithogenic (LSi) silica export fluxes were investigated in the northeast Atlantic (38°–45°N, 16°–22°W) as part of the Programme Ocean Multidisciplinaire Meso Echelle (POMME) program in 2001–2002. They were measured at four stations located on both sides of a frontal zone (40°–42°N) by means of permanent moorings of sediment traps deployed at 400 and 1000 m depth. Averaged over the area, the annual BSi fluxes (corrected from 230Th trapping efficiencies) ranged between 0.240 mmol m−2 d−1 at 400 m to 0.316 mmol m−2 d−1 at 1000 m. The bulk annual BSi fluxes are comparable to bulk BSi export fluxes recorded for oligotrophic areas. The annual export flux of LSi (range 0.029 mmol m−2 d−1 at 400 m to 0.054 mmol m−2 d−1 at 1000 m) was lower than BSi and accounted for 10% of the total silica export flux. Results show a strong coupling between the two siliceous particulate fractions, which is interpreted as reflecting LSi scavenging by BSi and limitation of BSi production in surface water by lithogenic (trace metals) inputs. BSi export was maximum at the beginning of the productive season during the spring bloom. However, annual BSi export fluxes in 2001 were quite higher at 400 m in the southern area (e.g., 0.249–0.288 at the southeast station versus 0.211 mmol BSi m−2 d−1 at the northeast station) contradictory to the classical south-north surface production increase. We suggest an advective lateral transport within the upper 400 m of siliceous particles from the northern, more productive area to the southern region.
Determination of antioxidant capacity of selenium-enriched wheat seeds

Selenium-containing proteins are essential in mammalian systems and have critical biochemical functions. Reduction in oxidative stress, inhibition of uncontrolled cell proliferation and preventing different type of cancers are among the significant functions of selenium (Se) in mammalian systems. Due to the fact that animals cannot synthesize their own seleno-proteins, adequate amount of Se must be taken by daily diets. Consuming Se-rich foods is, thus, a crucial issue for human nutrition and health. Among the foods consumed commonly, wheat represents one of the most important staple foods contributing to the daily Se intake of human-beings. Enrichment of wheat with Se is, therefore, an important research area and public health issue. In literature, there is, however, limited information about the antioxidative effects of wheat enriched with Se by applying Se-fertilizers. This study basically analyzed antioxidant capacity of Se-enriched wheat seeds by using various colorimetric assays and human cell culture methods. The seeds used in this work were obtained from a Se-fertilizer project conducted in different locations in Central Anatolia. The Se concentration of seed samples used showed a range between 28 ppb and 7168 ppb. In order to test the antioxidant capacity of seeds differing in Se concentrations, hot water, cellulose and methanol/ acetone/ water extracts of seeds were used. The assays applied for measurement of antioxidant capacity of seeds were i) MTT assay by using mammalian cell culture experiments, ii) DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging test, and iii) ABTS (2,2-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging assay. In all these 3 assays applied, there was no consistent effect of the seed extracts with wide range of Se concentrations on the cell viability measured by the MTT assay or in terms of DPPH radical-scavenging or ABTS scavenging capacity. Expected high antioxidant capacity of seed extracts by increasing Se concentrations was not found under given conditions. The reasons for the ineffectiveness of Se-enriched seeds in improving antioxidant capacity might be related to i) the methods applied and/or ii) to the level of the expected increase in antioxidant capacity by Se. Possibly, the level of the expected increase in antioxidant capacity by Se is too low when compared to the inherent antioxidant capacity of seeds, and this difference could not be detected by the methods applied. In future antioxidant tests, attention should be paid to the isolated Se-proteins from seeds differing in Se concentrations.
Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The efficacy of intermittent fasting (IF), as an emerging weight management strategy, in improving cardiometabolic health has been evaluated in various populations, but that among Chinese individuals has not been systematically studied. A comprehensive search on multiple databases was performed to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to October 2022. The primary outcome was post-intervention weight loss, and secondary outcomes included changes in cardiometabolic indicators. Effect estimates were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. In total, nine RCTs with 899 Chinese participants were included. Time-restricted eating was the most adopted IF protocol in this study (six out of nine), followed by alternate-day fasting. The IF intervention significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with control groups. However, no statistically significant reductions in waist circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were found. To sum up, IF can be a weight management strategy and may improve the cardiometabolic health of Chinese adults, but more long-term trials using different IF strategies are required to generate robust evidence of its efficacy.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the influence of carbohydrates on lignin degradation mediated by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Introduction Ligninolytic bacteria can secrete extracellular enzymes to depolymerize lignin into small-molecular aromatics that are subsequently metabolized and funneled into the TCA cycle. Carbohydrates, which are the preferred carbon sources of bacteria, influence the metabolism of lignin-derived aromatics through bacteria. Methods In this study, untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed to investigate the effect of carbohydrates on lignin degradation mediated by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MN-13, a strain with lignin-degrading activity that was isolated in our previous work. Results The results demonstrated that the cell growth of the MN-13 strain and lignin removal were promoted when carbohydrates such as glucose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were added to an alkaline lignin-minimal salt medium (AL-MSM) culture. Metabolomics analysis showed that lignin depolymerization took place outside the cells, and the addition of glucose regulated the uptake and metabolism of lignin-derived monomers and activated the downstream metabolism process in cells. In the transcriptomics analysis, 299 DEGs were screened after 24 h of inoculation in AL-MSM with free glucose and 2 g/L glucose, respectively, accounting for 8.3% of the total amount of annotated genes. These DEGs were primarily assigned to 30 subcategories, including flagellar assembly, the PTS system, RNA degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. These subcategories were closely associated with the cell structure, generation of cellular energy, and precursors for biosynthetic pathways, based on a − log 10 (P adjust) value in the KEGG pathway analysis. Conclusion In summary, the addition of glucose increased lignin degradation mediated by the MN-13 strain through regulating glycolysis, TCA cycle, and central carbon metabolism.
The Duality Principle for Multidimensional Optional Semimartingales

In option pricing, we often deal with options whose payoffs depend on multiple factors such as foreign exchange rates, stocks, etc. Usually, this leads to a knowledge of the joint distributions and complicated integration procedures. This paper develops an alternative approach that converts the option pricing problem into a dual one and presents a solution to the problem in the optional semimartingale setting. The paper contains several examples which illustrate its results in terms of the parameters of models and options.
Age and growth of blotched picarel (Spicara maena Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sea of Marmara and Northern Aegean Sea Marmara ve Ege Deniz'lerindeki İzmarit baliği'nin (Spicara maena Linnaeus, 1758) yaş ve büyüme özellikleri

The aim of this study was determining of some population parameters of Spicara maena in the Sea of Marmara and North Aegean Sea. Samples of S. maena were collected from commercial fishing, gillnet/trammel net and line fishing, between February-October 2013 in the Northern Aegean Sea (Dikili, Altinoluk, Kucukkuyu) and the Sea of Marmara (Karabiga, Bandirma, Tekirdag). A total of 323 S. maena specimens were analysed. The total length of the specimens ranged from 8.4 to 18.8 cm. The length-weight relationships for the Sea of Marmara and the Northern Aegean Sea were a=0.0030, b=3.53, SEb=0.080 and a=0.0100, b=3.06, SEb=0.120 respectively. The b values showed that the growth of S. maena in the Northern Aegean Sea was isometric while the sample in the Sea of Marmara showed positively allometric growth. Fish aged 1-4 years in the Sea of Marmara and 2-6 years in the North Aegean Sea were present in the samples. Growth in length including both sexes was expressed using the von Bertalanffy equation, L∞=17.17 cm, k=0.52 y, t0=-1.04 y-1 in the Sea of Marmara and L∞=18.71 cm, k=0.35 y, t0=-1.98 y-1 in the Northern Aegean Sea. The otolith length-total length relationships in the Sea of Marmara and the Northern Aegean Sea were OL=0.301×TL+1.049 and OL=0.249×TL+1.885, respectively.
Delineating geological structure utilizing integration of remote sensing and gravity data: a study from Halmahera, North Molucca, Indonesia

Halmahera Island is the result of the interaction between the Indo-Australian Plate, the Molucca Sea Plate, and the Philippine Plate, which gave rise to many active geological structures that are vulnerable to seismic activity around the island. The complexity of this geological structure makes Halmahera Island very interesting to study. This study aims to identify geological structures by integrating remote sensing and gravity satellite data. Surface lineament analysis using the remote sensing method was carried out based on Sentinel-1A imagery data. The gravity method uses GGMPlus satellite data to clarify the continuity of geological structures that cannot be clearly mapped on the surface. Lineament analysis on gravity data uses techniques such as fast sigmoid edge detection (FSED) and Euler deconvolution. The results of lineament interpretation based on integrating remote sensing and gravity satellite data show that the NE-SW structure controls the northern and northeastern arms of Halmahera. In contrast, the southern arm is dominated by the NW-SE structure. The Euler depth estimation shows that the Halmahera area contributes to having geological structures at various depths. Deep structures reach 4 km, while shallow structures are found at depths of up to 2 km. Earthquake hypocenter data strengthen the interpretation of this geological structure. This comprehensive study yields an excellent correlation between gravity and remote sensing techniques in describing the general structural framework of the area. The new finding is an NE-SW trending geological structure on the northern Halmahera arm, which may be caused by two different tectonics first, the subduction of the Molucca Sea Plate with the Halmahera Plate in the west. Second, the strike-slip movement is trending NE-SW, which cuts the northern and northeastern arms due to the rotational movement of the thrust fault with the Philippine Plate to the west.
Closure to “Simple Design Criterion for Residual Energy on Embankment Dam Stepped Spillways” by Stefan Felder and Hubert Chanson

The authors thank the discussers for their comments and for providing further experimental data on embankment sloped stepped spillways. The authors would like to reiterate their difficulty in using the data from the discussers’ original paper (Hunt et al. 2014). While the authors agree that the data in Hunt et al. (2014) allowed an identification of the aerated and nonaerated flow regions, the authors had (and still have) difficulties in extracting the dimensionless residual head Hres=dc versus the dimensionless discharge dc=h out of Hunt et al. (2014). The authors are grateful that the discussers provided their data in the discussion for a comparison with the proposed simple design guideline (Fig. 1). Herein the discussers’ data were analyzed and applied in the same way as the data summarized in the original design guidelines of the original paper. Based on the discussers’ flow rate and chute slope data, only the residual head at the chute’s downstream end was selected, i.e., one data point for each flow condition. For data to be considered, these had to be at least three step edges downstream of the inception point of air entrainment, and the comparison was applied to the following flow conditions: 1.06 ≤ dc=h ≤ 4 for 14.6° ≤ θ ≤ 19° and 0.69 ≤ dc=h ≤ 3.6 for θ 1⁄4 26.6°. As seen in Fig. 1, the discussers’ data fit very well with the analysis in the original paper within the range of all available residual head data. The data are also well within the range of the mean residual head for the corresponding chute slope and its standard deviation (dashed lines, Fig. 1). Overall, the data in the discussion confirm the simple design guidelines in the original paper for flat stepped spillways. The authors would like to emphasize that their simple design guidelines in the original paper develop a more advanced approach to established criteria, presenting both mean value and standard deviation from all available air-water flow data at the downstream end of a stepped spillway and for a particular channel slope. The present design criterion accounts for all flow conditions for a range of discharges in both transition and skimming flow regimes and a wide range of chute slopes relevant to embankment dam spillways. The discussers raised further aspects that the authors would like to correct and clarify: • The majority of data used for the design criterion were skimming flow data, not transition flow experiments as hinted by the discussers. As reported by Felder and Chanson (2011), a transition flow regime for a stepped spillway with θ 1⁄4 26.6° was observed for dc=h < 1. For a stepped spillway with θ 1⁄4 15.9°, Gonzalez (2005) observed transition flows for dc=h ≤ 1.3. As can be seen in Fig. 1, the large majority of data were observed in the more stable skimming flow regime.
TAX ADMINISTRATION TECHNOLOGY AND TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE

The government, specifically the Directorate General of Taxes, applies technology in the administration of taxation to facilitate the public in reporting taxes. E-registration, e-billing, and e-filling have become a form of application of tax administration technology. The application of this technology is expected to help while improving taxpayer compliance in reporting taxes owed.This research is quantitative research using primary data. Respondents are private taxpayers who have a Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP) and are registered with KPP Pratama Semarang Selatam and KPP Semarang Tengah Satu. Analysis of research data using multiple linear regression methods with the statistic tool of the SPSS program version 23.Statistical test results show there are no constraints in the classical assumption test. The results of hypothesis testing show that all hypotheses are accepted, namely that E-registration, e-billing, and e-filling have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance.
The Activation of the Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva-Inducing ALK2-R206H Mutant Depends on the Distinct Homo-Oligomerization Patterns of ACVR2B and ACVR2A

Mutations in activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2), e.g., ALK2-R206H, induce aberrant signaling to SMAD1/5/8, leading to Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP). In spite of extensive studies, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we quantified the homomeric and heteromeric interactions of ACVR2A, ACVR2B, ALK2-WT, and ALK2-R206H by combining IgG-mediated immobilization of one receptor with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements on the lateral diffusion of a co-expressed receptor. ACVR2B formed stable homomeric complexes that were enhanced by Activin A (ActA), while ACVR2A required ActA for homodimerization. ALK2-WT, but not ALK2-R206H, exhibited homomeric complexes unaffected by ActA. ACVR2B formed ActA-enhanced heterocomplexes with ALK2-R206H or ALK2-WT, while ACVR2A interacted mainly with ALK2-WT. The extent of the homomeric complex formation of ACVR2A or ACVR2B was reflected in their ability to induce the oligomerization of ALK2-R206H and ALK2-WT. Thus, ACVR2B, which forms dimers without ligand, induced ActA-independent ALK2-R206H clustering but required ActA for enhancing the oligomerization of the largely dimeric ALK2-WT. In contrast, ACVR2A, which undergoes homodimerization in response to ActA, required ActA to induce ALK2-R206H oligomerization. To investigate whether these interactions are translated into signaling, we studied signaling by the FOP-inducing hyperactive ALK2-R206H mutant, with ALK2-WT signaling as control. The activation of SMAD1/5/8 signaling in cells expressing ALK2-R206H alone or together with ACVR2A or ACVR2B was measured by blotting for pSMAD1/5/8 and by transcriptional activation assays using BRE-Luc reporter. In line with the biophysical studies, ACVR2B activated ALK2-R206H without ligand, while activation by ACVR2A was weaker and required ActA. We propose that the homodimerization of ACVR2B or ACVR2A dictates their ability to recruit ALK2-R206H into higher complexes, enabling the homomeric interactions of ALK2-R206H receptors and, subsequently, their activation.