Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STOCK MARKET AND BANKING SECTOR: ARE THEY COMPLEMENTARY FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LOW HUMAN DEVELOPED ECONOMY?

In this study, the impact of stock market and banking sector development on economic growth is investigated by applying mean and common mean group estimators on the sample from 1989 to 2013 for low human developed countries. The empirical findings represent that among the proxies of banking sector development only credit to private sector leaves positive and significant effect on economic growth in case when it interacts with all the three proxies of stock market development. However, traded stocks and turnover ratio are significantly enhancing economic growth in case when these interact with banking sector development. This study also finds that both stock market and banking sector development are together required to increase economic growth in low human developed countries. This study also confirms the evidence of Lewis (1954) model for the selected countries. Lastly, this study proposes that credit to private sector from banking sector development in the light of stock market development must be given prime importance if economic growth is to be targeted in low human developed countries. *The authors are, respectively, Ph.D. (Economics) Scholar at Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore / Assistant Professor and Professor at Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology Lahore (Pakistan). Corresponding author e-mail: muhammadshahidhassan@yahoo.com 2 Pakistan Economic and Social Review
Indole-3-acetic acid metabolism in normal and dwarf micropropagated banana plants (Musa spp. AAA)

Nanism is one of the most frequent type of mutant in micropropagated banana plants from the Cavendish subgroup. The present study aimed at studying some of the hormone factors involved in this type of mutation. Rhizomes from normal and dwarf plants from the cultivar Grand Naine were incubated for 5 d in the presence of [3H]-L-tryptophan, [3H]-indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin, to quantify the endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid-ester, indole-3-acetic acid-amide, free indole-3-acetic acid, and cytokinins. The endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid and its ester- and amide-conjugated forms were measured in normal and dwarf plants incubated for 30 d with gibberellin, indole-3-acetic acid, and L- and D-tryptophan. In normal plants, the use of [3H]-L-tryptophan resulted in higher levels of radioactivity in the retention times corresponding to indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid-aspartate, indole-3-acetic acid-glycine and indole-3-acetic acid-alanine. These values were higher than those observed in dwarf plants. Higher quantities of radioactive indole-3-acetic acid and of amide-forms in dwarf plants occurred in rhizomes treated with [3H]-L-tryptophan and gibberellin simultaneously. The endogenous levels of total cytokinins were the same in both materials, while the levels of indole-3-acetic acid in normal plants were 1.5 times higher than in dwarf plants. Moreover, in these ones application of tryptophan and gibberellin coincided in an increase in the levels of free indole-3-acetic acid in dwarf plants and to a decrease in the levels of indole-3-acetic acid-ester and indole-3-acetic acid-amide.
Characterisation of a topotype and other populations of Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus Esser, 1960 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Florida with description of H. phoenicis sp. n. from the USA

Pablo Castillo and Juan E. Palomares-Rius acknowledge support from grant AGR-136 from ‘Consejeria de Economia, Innvovacion y Ciencia’ from Junta de Andalucia, and the European Social Fund and Sergei A. Subbotin acknowledges support from the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, project number 14-04-00953.
Maternal factors and the prediction of dystocia in beef heifers

Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine maternal factors associated with dystocia in 564 2-yr-old heifers bred to bulls with below breed average birth weights. Calf birth weight (n = 556) was consistently the most significant (P 0.05). Heifers requiring caesarian section were heaviest (P < 0.05) at breeding and their calves were heaviest (P < 0.05) at birth. Unassisted heifers were heavier at calving (P < 0.05) than assisted heifers. It was concluded that none of the factors examined in this study was a reliable predictor of dystocia in beef heifers but that heifers should be bre.
Trapeziometacarpal narrow pseudoarthrosis

We describe a technique that arose from the observation of the clinical outcome of failed arthrodeses of the thumb carpometacarpal joint. In these cases a pseudoarthrosis developed which, surprisingly, rarely lead to a poor clinical outcome. Thus we developed a simple technique which deliberately caused the formation of a narrow pseudoarthrosis in the carpometacarpal joint. We present a retrospective review of 248 consecutive patients treated for Eaton stages II and III osteoarthritis. We observed a statistically significant improvement in mean appositional and oppositional pinch strength, mean DASH score (63.8 pre-operatively to 10.5 at final follow-up), and the mean pain score (8.3 to 0.2). We conclude that trapeziometacarpal limited excision arthroplasty is a simple and reliable alternative to existing surgical techniques for treating Stage II or III thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis.
Amphibian Hotspots and Conservation Priorities in Eastern Cuba Identified by Species Distribution Modeling

The high rate of amphibian endemism and the severe habitat modification in the Caribbean islands make them an ideal place to test if the current protected areas network might protect this group. In this study, we model distribution and map species richness of the 40 amphibian species from eastern Cuba with the objectives of identify hotspots, detect gaps in species representation in protected areas, and select additional areas to fill these gaps. We used two modeling methods, Maxent and Habitat Suitability Models, to reach a consensus distribution map for each species, then calculate species richness by combining specific models and finally performed gap analyses for species and hotspots. Our results showed that the models were robust enough to predict species distributions and that most of the amphibian hotspots were represented in reserves, but 50 percent of the species were incompletely covered and Eleutherodactylus rivularis was totally uncovered by the protected areas. We identified 1441 additional km2 (9.9% of the study area) that could be added to the current protected areas, allowing the representation of every species and all hotspots. Our results are relevant for the conservation planning in other Caribbean islands, since studies like this could contribute to fill the gaps in the existing protected areas and to design a future network. Both cases would benefit from modeling amphibian species distribution using available data, even if they are incomplete, rather than relying only in the protection of known or suspected hotspots.
Mining and characterization of SSRs from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by pyrosequencing

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important fruit-bearing deciduous shrub which has been under cultivation since ancient times. Genomic resources like microsatellite markers are limited in pomegranate; therefore, this study was undertaken with the objective to develop and characterize microsatellite markers using Roche 454 GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing technology. The total length of non-redundant sequences obtained was 19.7 Mbp, consisting of 59 603 reads assembled into 7361 contigs, of which, 567 (7.70%) contained microsatellite repeats. The average G+C content was 41.3%. Functional annotation to Arabidopsis thaliana sequences yielded 734 unigenes from 7361 contigs which were classified based on GO terms. Primer pairs were designed for total of 171 loci, out of which 167 produced reproducible polymorphic bands in 12 genotypes of pomegranate. A total of 951 alleles were identified, ranging from 1 to 14 per locus (average of 5.56). The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged between 0.00 and 0.910 (mean of 0.5427). The markers developed here will be useful for genetic diversity studies, gene mapping and genotyping in pomegranate.
Diet and gut microorganisms of Munidopsis squat lobsters associated with natural woods and mesh-enclosed substrates in the deep South Pacific

Abstract Squat lobsters of the deep-sea genus Munidopsis are among the most regularly reported crustaceans associated with deep-sea wood falls. They are often thought to indirectly use these substrates for preying or scavenging wood-associated molluscs or annelids, albeit the species M. andamanica has been recently highlighted as a xylophagous specialist. In this work, we examined the feeding appendages, gut contents and gut lining of M. nitida, M. bispinoculata and M. pilosa specimens from natural sunken woods and compared them with specimens of the same species having survived and grown on different hard-to-digest substrates (i.e. woods, turtle shells and whale bones) experimentally submerged in the deep South Pacific. In both cases, all three species directly ingest large wood fragments deeply degraded by microorganisms, but M. nitida also feeds on experimentally submerged whale bone and turtle shell fragments. Munidopsis nitida is also the only species to host a resident gut microflora, but the bacterial morphotypes vary according to the ingested substrate. The results suggest that the three species are most probably opportunistic, bacterivorous detritivores and that M. nitida could be at the beginning of an evolutionary process towards xylophagy within the genus Munidopsis.
Cloning of kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus crustin‐like peptide cDNA and analysis of its expression

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial peptides serve as an important component of the innate immune system of all species by functioning to provide a rapid first line defense against infection. Arthropod antimicrobial peptides have been well described in insects, whereas only a few molecules have been identified in crustaceans. Five variants (types 1–5) of Marsupenaeus japonicus crustin-like peptide cDNA that were obtained from a hemocyte cDNA library and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are reported here. Marsupenaeus japonicus crustin-like peptide type 1, the predominant type, has a cDNA consisting of 679 nucleotides and an open reading frame consisting of 573 base pairs coding for 191 amino acid residues. Other types contain varying glycine-rich repeats at the N-terminal amino acid sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of these variants are highly similar to those of Litopenaeus setiferus (80% identity), Litopenaeus vannamei (80% identity) and Carcinus maenas crustins (44% identity). Expression of Marsupenaeus japonicus crustin-like peptide mRNA was detected in hemocytes, but not in the heart, hepatopancreas, gill, fore-gut, mid-gut, muscle, subcuticular epithelium or ovary. The expression level of crustin-like peptide mRNA increased significantly 1, 3 and 7 days post-peptidoglycan feeding as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. These results suggest that crustin-like peptide could have an important role in shrimp defense mechanisms.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF AUTOMOBILES RELATED PB POLLUTION ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ATTRIBUTES AND WATER RELATIONS OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION

This research was designed for the phyto-monitoring of Pb pollution emitted from automobiles running along Motorway (M-2) and G.T. road and its effects on photosynthetic attributes and water relations of selected plant species growing along these roads. The data were collected from specified sites at different time intervals during all four seasons of the year. The results revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher Pb content plant leaves growing in the vicinity of roadside (0 m distance) as compared to plant leaves collected from 50 m distance (Control) along both roads (M-2 and G.T. road). The leaves of Nerium oleander (2.45 mg kg dry wt.) collected from M-2 trapped the higher amount of Pb (p<0.001) at Kalar Kahar in Summer and Calotropis procera (2.78 mg kg dry wt.) had the highest (p<0.05) Pb deposition at Bahyria Town during summer. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased significantly (p<0.01) in plants along roadsides; whereas, inconsistent results in water use efficiency were perceived in plants at 0 m distance as compared to those collected from 50 m distance. These outcomes are important to identify the existence of roadside vehicular pollutants on plants and to its ecological hazards.
CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN AND NUMERICAL MODELING APPLIED TO STIFFENED STEEL PLATES SUBMITTED TO ELASTO-PLASTIC BUCKLING

Stiffened steel plates are components widely used in structural engineering, being especially indispensable in ship and aerospace structures. The stiffeners are beams fixed to the plates with the purpose to increase its mechanical strength. It is well known that if an axial compressive load is imposed to these components the undesired instability phenomenon of buckling can occur. For a specific load value, the limit stress is achieved and the plate suffers out-of-plane displacements indicating the buckling occurrence. Therefore, in the present work, allying the Constructal Design method, the exhaustive search technique and the computational modelling, the influence of rectangular stiffeners in the elasto-plastic plate buckling behaviour was analysed aiming its geometric optimization. To do so, a reference steel plate without stiffeners was adopted. Its total volume (V), length (a) and width (b) were preserved, but some portion of its material was transformed in stiffeners which leads a reduction in its thickness (t). The volume fraction (φ) parameter defines this steel portion by the ratio between the stiffeners volume (Vs) and V. In addition, as degree of freedoms the number of longitudinal and transversal stiffeners as well as the ratio hs/ts between height (hs) and thickness (ts) of the stiffeners were considered. The maximization buckling limit stress is adopted as objective function. The results indicate that significant improvements in the ultimate buckling stress value can be obtained when a stiffened plate is adopted in relation to a reference plate with the same in-plane dimensions and the same material volume. It was also possible to define the optimized geometric configuration for the stiffened plate that maximizes its ultimate buckling stress, hence conducting to a superior structural performance.
Youth Voter Turnout in New Zealand: Perceptions and Attitudes of Student Non-Voters in the 2010 Local Body Elections

Youth voter turnout has continued to decline for the past fifty years both internationally and in New Zealand. While attempts to explain this decline have been numerous, the theories of voter turnout focus heavily on national elections rather than local elections. This research uses focus groups to compare student perceptions and attitudes towards voting in national and local elections to better understand what drives non-voting behaviour in local elections. The preliminary results suggest that a lack of information, a high degree of transience, and a negative perception of the community all appeared to deter students from voting in local elections. Despite this, parents play a dominant role on their offspring’s voting behaviour. Parental influence, both active and passive, is able to overcome some of the aforementioned inhibitors and has a positive effect on student voting behaviour. Please do not cite without permission from the author.
Effect of Tween 80 and salinomycin on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in steers fed a diet containing 70% barley

Ten Jersey steers (484 ± 55 kg) were fed a basal diet of 70% rolled barley grain and 30% alfalfa silage [dry matter (DM) basis] with or without additives, in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square experiment. Treatments (additives per kilogram dietary DM) were: C, no additives (control); T, Tween 80 (2 g kg−1); SH, salinomycin (13 mg kg−1); TSM, Tween 80 (2 g kg−1) plus salinomycin (6.5 mg kg−1); and TSL, Tween 80 (2 g kg−1) plus salinomycin (3.25 mg kg−1). Ruminal pH, concentrations of ammonia, total free amino acids, reducing sugars and total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and fluid phase viscosity were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment. Ruminal carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase and amylase activities, numbers of protozoa, and outflow rates of the liquid and solid phases of ruminal contents did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. Ruminal lactic acid bacteria populations tended (P 0.05) by T, TSL and TSM. Partitioning of ruminal dige.
Intersections: Perceptions of Masculinity and choice of Spouse of Turkish University Students

2. In the process of choosing a spouse, individuals experience difficulties in disintegration and differentiation from the family in which they grew up. The problem-solving skills of many families, from budget control to sexuality, develop during this period. Spouses determine the relationships between the family they have established and other systems in this period of transition. [1] In the partner choice process, individuals satisfy their need to love and to be loved, to fulfil biological, social and psychological requirements and motives, to bring new generations into the world, to gain a place in society, to feel protected and safe together, to feel a sense of solidarity, to look to the future with confidence, to feel mutually proud and honoured, and to regulate sexual life in a healthy way. [2]
Do Trade Fairs Promote Export?

The paper analyzes the effects of attending trade fairs on exports, foreign direct investments (FDI), and service outsourcing, using Japanese firm-level data on both performances and tradefair participation. To solve self-selection problem, I utilize a difference-in-differences matching estimation approach with unique firm characteristics, as well as a linear estimation approach with paired fixed-effects. The results show that there are positive effects of attending trade-fairs on exporting status. Additionally, the positive results are mainly associated with attending trade fairs in geographically and culturally farther markets such as Europe or the U.S., but not from attending the nearest markets, such as Asian countries or China. Furthermore, attending a trade fair induces firms to outsource their market research activity.
VIOLENT PATERNALISM: ON THE BANALITY OF UYGHUR

Abstract: Since 2016 over one million Chinese civil servants have been ordered to spend a series of weeks visiting assigned Turkic Muslim “relatives. ” These mostly Han urbanites have been tasked with instructing Uyghur and Kazakh farmers in political ideology and subjecting them to tests of Chinese nationalism and Han cultural assimilation. When they occupy the homes of their Turkic “relatives” they assess whether or not they should be sent into the mass “reeducation” camp system. Drawing on ethnographic field research, interviews and state documents, this essay argues that the systematic normalization of state-directed violent paternalism has produced a new kind of banality in Turkic minority experiences of unfreedom.
Population genetic structure of Cydia pomonella: a review and case study comparing spatiotemporal variation

Analysis of population genetic structure is a key aspect to understand insect pest population dynamics in agricultural scenarios. Here the role of geography, hosts and time on the population genetic structure of codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lep., Tortricidae) populations is described. Temporal variation was examined in two French orchards among each of three adult flights during two successive years. Analyses were conducted using two insecticide resistance markers (variation at the sodium channel gene and enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 oxidases) and three microsatellite loci. Levels of genetic variation among temporal populations were not significant based on variation in the sodium channel gene and microsatellite loci. However, P450 oxidase activity differed significantly during both flights and years, decreasing during the three flights of the first year and increasing during the second. These results suggest that phytosanitary measures are among the factors shaping the genetic structure of C. pomonella populations over temporal and geographical scales. We discuss the relative importance of natural and passive dispersal related to anthropogenic activities affecting C. pomonella population genetics and highlight population genetic research needs in order to design more efficient pest management practices.
Discharge by aphids of soluble secretions into dietary sources

Substances secreted by aphids into diets through a rubber‐wax membrane can be detected by their absorption of low wavelength ultraviolet light. Their detection can be simplified by presenting water as diet. Of the substances secreted into water by non‐crowded aphids within 24 h, ca 35–55% of the absorbance at 200 nm can be accounted for by reactions with protein reagents and/or electrophoresis. Macrosiphum euphorbiae secreted over 30 ng of salivary protein in bovine serum albumin equivalents per mg fresh body weight. SDS‐PAGE revealed that the proteins initially secreted had subunits mostly of > 100,000 Daltons. When dead or dying aphids were present on the membrane, however, e.g. due to crowding or prolonged confinement in the feeding chamber, additional subunits of < 30,000 Daltons also appeared in the water. When feeding continued for more than 24 h, proteins separable by electrophoresis began to disappear, possibly as a result of leakage of lyzing enzymes into the water from aphids that had died with their mouth parts still inserted through the membrane.
REINJECTION PROBLEMS IN OVERPRESSURED GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIRS

In this study, high injection pressure problems in geothermal reservoirs with pressure gradients higher than hydrostatic are examined. For this reason, mechanisms controlling injection pressures are identified and investigated. Two geothermal field cases (Kizildere and Salavatli) with overpressured reservoirs from Turkey are presented. The reasons for high injection pressures in those geothermal fields are presented, solutions to overcome those problems are investigated and the results are reported.
Gordon decomposition of the magnetizability of the relativistic hydrogenlike atoms in an arbitrary discrete energy state

We present Gordon decomposition of the magnetizability of Dirac one-electron atom in an arbitrary discrete energy eigenstate, with a pointlike, spinless and motionless nucleus of charge $Ze$. The external magnetic field, by which the atomic state is perturbed, is assumed to be weak, static, and uniform. Analytical derivation of closed-form expressions for the diamagnetic ($\chi_{d}$) and paramagnetic ($\chi_{p}$) contributions to $\chi$ are performed with the use of the Sturmian series representation of the first-order Dirac--Coulomb Green function combined with the theory of special functions. The received formula for $\chi_{p}$ contains the generalized hypergeometric functions ${}_3F_2$ of the unit argument, while $\chi_{d}$ is of an elementary form. For the atomic ground state, our both general results reduce to formulas obtained earlier by other author. We present also numerical values of relative dia- and paramagnetic contributions to the magnetizability for some excited states of selected hydrogenlike ions with $1 \leqslant Z \leqslant 137$ and compare them with data available in the literature.