Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bactrocera dorsalis in the Indian Ocean: A tale of two invasions

An increasing number of invasive fruit fly pests are colonizing new grounds. With this study, we aimed to uncover the invasion pathways of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis into the islands of the Indian Ocean. By using genome‐wide SNP data and a multipronged approach consisting of PCA, ancestry analysis, phylogenetic inference, and kinship networks, we were able to resolve two independent invasion pathways. A western invasion pathway involved the stepping‐stone migration of B. dorsalis from the east African coast into the Comoros, along Mayotte and into Madagascar with a decreasing genetic diversity. The Mascarene islands (Reunion and Mauritius), on the contrary, were colonized directly from Asia and formed a distinct cluster. The low nucleotide diversity suggests that only a few genotypes invaded the Mascarenes. The presence of many long runs of homozygosity (ROH) in the introduced populations is indicative of population bottlenecks, with evidence of a more severe bottleneck for populations along the western migration pathway than on the Mascarene islands. More strict phytosanitary regulations are recommended in order to prevent the further spread of B. dorsalis.
Influences of Intense Physical Effort on the Activity of the Autonomous Nervous System and Stress, as Measured with Photoplethysmography

Background: The autonomic nervous system, which is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, is closely related to the cardiovascular system. The temporal variation between each of the intervals between the consecutive “R” waves of an electrocardiogram is known as heart rate variability. Depending on the type of activity, both systems can be activated, and also influence the interval between “R” waves. Currently, with advancements in technology and electronic devices, photoplethysmography is used. Photoplethysmography detects changes in the intensity of reflected light that allow differentiation between systole and diastole and, therefore, determines the heart rate, its frequency and its variations. In this way, changes in the autonomic nervous system can be detected by devices such as the Max Pulse®. Objective: To determine whether the information provided by Max Pulse® on autonomic balance and stress is modified after intense physical exercise, thereby determining whether there is a relationship with body composition, and also whether there are differences with respect to gender. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three runners (38.9% female) with a mean age of 31.3 ± 8.1 years participated in the study. Two measurements (before and after intense physical effort) were performed with the Max Pulse® device. The flotoplethysmography measurement lasted 3 min, and was performed in the supine position. The exercise test was performed on a treadmill. It was initiated at a speed of 6 and 7 km/h for women and men, respectively. Subjects indicated the end of the test by making a hand gesture when unable to continue the test. Results: Autonomic nervous system activity and mental stress values decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in men and women, while autonomic nervous system balance decreased only in women. Physical stress increased (p < 0.05) in both sexes. Conclusions: Intense exercise causes changes in variables that assess autonomic nervous system balance and stress, as measured by a device based on photoplethysmography. The changes are evident in both sexes, and are not related to body composition.
PROFESSIONAL QULAITY OF LIFE AND BURN OUT AMONG PSYSIOTHERAPISTS IN LATAVIA

Background: In their daily practice, physiotherapists need to physically and emotionally interact with their patients; therefore, like any other helping professionals, are subject to emotional risks. The aim of this study is to explain the symptoms of compassion fatigue (CF) and professional burnout (BO) in Latvian physiotherapists and offer suggestions for the staff management. Methods: To achieve the goal of the study, quantitative, non-experimental research was conducted using: the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Maslach’s Burnout Scale. The present study measures the level of compassion satisfaction (CS), secondary traumatic stress (STS), and Burn Out (BO) syndrome. In addition, the BO was measured along with its three dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP), and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment (PA). Convenience sampling was used in the study. The survey was conducted among 155 physiotherapists with an average age of 35.5 years and an average length of service of 9.5 years. Results: The results of the study show that physiotherapists have moderate Compassion Fatigue (M=36,37±7,23), low Secondary Traumatic Stress (M=27,54±4,65), and moderate Burn Out (M=17,68±6,89) (only EE dimension had a high value (M=24,52±12,84), but moderate Depersonalisation P (M=7,3±6,06) and low Personal Accomplishment (M=38,92±6,49). Statistically significant correlations are found between all these phenomena. Furthermore, statistically significant differences in these phenomena among physiotherapists with different length of service are also confirmed. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the association between CF, STS, and BO symptoms and their variability over a physiotherapist’s length of service. Under the influence of these emotional risks, 60% of respondents reported a lack of compassion satisfaction to continue working as a physiotherapist.
Two-layer flow past a cylinder in a rotating frame

In this paper the two-layer flow past a cylinder in a rotating frame is modelled numerically. This study follows on from the many theoretical and experimental examinations of the one-layer flow past a cylinder. The main aim of this study is to investigate the geophysically relevant effect on the flow of varying the vertical shear, while keeping the other parameters the same in both layers. This will include an examination of the contour plots of vorticity and streamfunction and measuring the size of the separated region and the position of separation as a function of the vertical shear. The most interesting result is that the separated region in the slower layer grows much larger than that in the faster layer as the vertical shear is increased.
Non-uniqueness and global similarity solutions for a higher-order semilinear parabolic equation

We consider a 2mth-order (m ≥ 2) semilinear parabolic equation of the reaction–diffusion type, and initial data , q ≥ 1. This is a higher-order extension of the classical semilinear heat equation for m = 1 from combustion theory. It is well known from Weissler's results that, for p < p0 = 1 + 2mq/N, there exists a unique local in time solution as a continuous curve for sufficiently small T > 0. For m = 1, it was proved that local nonexistence can happen for p > p0. In the case m = 1, which was studied in greater detail in the 1980s, the precise range p ≤ 1 + 2q/N for uniqueness of such solutions has been established. For p > 1 + 2q/N, non-uniqueness was proved by Haraux and Weissler by constructing special similarity solutions. Our goal is to show that non-uniqueness takes place for the higher-order parabolic equations if p > p0. To this end, we describe a discrete subset of similarity solutions where each V is a radial, exponentially decaying solution of the elliptic equation By perturbation techniques, we establish the existence of radially symmetric similarity profiles Vl for p close to critical bifurcation exponents pl = 1 + 2m/(N + l), l = 0, 2, …, and prove that all the p-bifurcation branches remain in the subcritical Sobolev range p < pS = (N + 2m)/(N − 2m)+. By using analytic, asymptotic and numerical methods we justify some global properties of the bifurcation diagram. We also demonstrate that the similarity profiles satisfy Sturm's zero property in a certain ‘approximate’ sense.
ON (q, h)-ANALOGUE OF FRACTIONAL CALCULUS

The paper discusses fractional integrals and derivatives appearing in the so-called (q, h)-calculus which is reduced for h = 0 to quantum calculus and for q = h = 1 to difference calculus. We introduce delta as well as nabla version of these notions and present their basic properties. Furthermore, we give comparisons with the known results and discuss possible extensions to more general settings.
Modeling and quantitative nanocalorimetric analysis to assess interdiffusion in a Ni/Al bilayer

A computational model is developed to describe the evolution of the temperature field in a nanocalorimeter that comprises inert material layers on which a nanoscale Ni/Al bilayer has been deposited. The model incorporates a reduced continuum description of mixing and heat release in the Ni/Al bilayer, and of the energy equation in the inert layers. Due to the small thicknesses of individual layers that are several orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding length, a simplified, transient, homogeneous representation of the temperature field can be adopted. The resulting lumped model is valid over short enough timescales, which are nonetheless sufficiently large to capture the formation reaction. By using experimental observations of the evolution of the temperature on the surface of the nanocalorimeter, the model is used to estimate the transient heat release rate. Assuming an Arrhenius model for the mixing between Ni and Al, the estimated heat release rate is used to determine the Arrhenius pre-ex.
Long-period comets with non-gravitational effects

The influence of non-gravitational effects on the motion of long-period comets is analyzed. Investigations were performed for about 60 nearly-parabolic comets discovered during the last thirty years. All three non-gravitational parameters $A_{\rm{1}}, A_{\rm{2}}, A_{\rm{3}}$ were detected in the motion of 19 comets on the basis of positional observations only. For these comets the standard g ( r ) function as well as some of its modifications were used to model the ice sublimation from the cometary nucleus. For 14 of 19 comets the orientation of spin axes of the nucleus were also determined. Finally, the magnitude of the non-gravitational effects derived for the long-period comets have been compared with observed the non-gravitational perturbations on periodic comets.
Generation of Brain Microvascular Endothelial-like Cells from Human iPS Cell-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Using TGF-β Receptor Inhibitor, Laminin 511 Fragment, and Neuronal Cell Culture Supplements

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) constitute the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which prevents the transfer of substances into the brain. Recently, in vitro BBB models using human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (iBMELCs) have been created. However, it is suggested that iBMELCs differentiated by the existing methods are different from the BMECs that occur in vivo. This study aimed to establish iBMELCs generated via human iPS cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells (iEPCs) (E-iBMELCs). Expanded and cryopreserved iEPCs were thawed and differentiated into mature endothelial cells under various conditions. Intercellular barriers were significantly enhanced in E-iBMELCs using a B-27 supplement, transforming growth factor-β receptor inhibitor, and laminin 511 fragment. Expression of the endothelial cell markers was higher in the E-iBMELCs generated in this study compared with conventional methods. In addition, E-iBMELCs expressed P-glycoprotein. E-iBMELCs developed in this study will significantly contribute to drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases and might elucidate the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases associated with BBB disruption.
Enhanced energy throughput in corrugated tapered metal-coated SNOM probes

Interest in optical devices that image with superresolution and inherent optical parallelism continues. Recently, the concept of superresolution is pursued along the lines of negative refraction and transparent multilayer, metallo-dielectric photonic band gap structures. Flat superlenses image from the near-field to the near- or far-field with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. There is a need for characterization methods which allow measurement of the point spread function of such devices. Scanning near-field microscopes (SNOMs) measure the field intensity in the vicinity of objects as close as 5 nm due to shear-force technique. Improvement of transversal resolution up to λ/20 may be possible due to considerable improvement of energy throughput of SNOM probes. To this aim we propose to corrugate the dielectric core-metal coating interface of SNOM probes. The corrugations facilitate the excitation of surface plasmons, which enhance the transport of energy to the probe aperture.
Gender and Linked Lives in Chinese Beliefs About Adulthood

ABSTRACT Understanding how youth conceptualize adulthood can give insight into how they make major life decisions that aggregate into larger trends. Yet research on beliefs about adulthood is underdeveloped with respect to gender, non-Western experience, and parental influence. Based on interviews with 71 young men and women in southwestern China, I demonstrate that neither of the prevailing paradigms for understanding the transition to adulthood fully accounts for how interviewees conceive of this stage of the life course. Instead, the Linked Lives principle, which emphasizes the interdependence of lives, better addresses interviewees’ prioritizing support of parents in defining adulthood as well as the significance they attach to the traditional markers. Finally, gender intersects with the Linked Lives principle such that women are less likely than men to view themselves as adults. This paper demonstrates how looking at gender and Linked Lives together can give more insight into the transition to adulthood, especially outside the West.
Flow time scales and drag reduction

The effects of the flow time scales on the onset and magnitude of drag reduction in turbulent pipe flow were studied using comparatively low molecular weight samples of water soluble polymers in glycerine‐water mixtures and in two different pipe sizes. The results show that onset depends only on the time scale νuτ2 with no Reynolds number dependence. The magnitude of drag reduction after the molecules are extended was found to increase with pipe diameter. A correlation with the lifetime of large eddies or the mean period of turbulence production is suggested.
Instabilities of dynamic thermocapillary liquid layers. Part 1. Convective instabilities

A planar liquid layer is bounded below by a rigid plate and above by an interface with a passive gas. A steady shear flow is set up by imposing a temperature gradient along the layer and driving the motion by thermocapillarity. This dynamic state is susceptible to two types of thermal-convective instabilities: (i) stationary longitudinal rolls, which involve the classical Marangoni instability studied by Pearson; and (ii) unsteady hydrothermal waves, which involve a new mechanism of instability deriving its energy from the horizontal temperature gradients. Thermal stability characteristics for liquid layers with and without return-flow profiles are presented as functions of the Prandtl number of the liquid and the Biot number of the interface. Comparisons are made with available experimental observations.
Combining TRMM and Surface Observations of Precipitation: Technique and Validation over South America

The measure of atmospheric model performance is highly dependent on the quality of the observations used in the evaluation process. In the particular case of operational forecast centers, large-scale datasets must be made available in a timely manner for continuous assessment of model results. Numerical models and surface observations usually work at distinct spatial scales (i.e., areal average in a regular grid versus point measurements), making direct comparison difficult. Alternatively, interpolation methods are employed for mapping observational data to regular grids and vice versa. A new technique (hereafter called MERGE) to combine Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite precipitation estimates with surface observations over the South American continent is proposed and its performance is evaluated for the 2007 summer and winter seasons. Two different approaches for the evaluation of the performance of this product against observations were tested: a cross-validation subsampling of the entire continent and another subsampling of only areas with sparse observations. Results show that over areas with a high density of observations, the MERGE technique’s performance is equivalent to that of simply averaging the stations within the grid boxes. However, over areas with sparse observations, MERGE shows superior results.
A new small-bodied ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia (Río Negro Province, Argentina)

The most representative ankylosaurian remains from Argentina have been found in sediments of the Allen Formation (Campanian–Maastrichtian) in Salitral Moreno, Río Negro Province. Several authors have discussed the identity and history of these remains. In this study, we review all published material along with some new remains in order to summarize all the knowledge about these ankylosaurs. Previously published material includes a tooth, dorsal and anterior caudal vertebrae, a femur and several osteoderms. The new remains include synsacral and caudal elements, a partial femur and osteoderms. The anatomy of the tooth, the synsacrum, the mid-caudal vertebra, the femur and the osteoderms, and the histology of the post-cervical osteoderms, support a nodosaurid identification, as proposed in previous descriptions of the Salitral Moreno material. Patagopelta cristata gen. et sp. nov. is a new nodosaurid ankylosaur characterized by the presence of unique cervical half-ring and femoral anatomies, including high-crested lateral osteoderms in the half rings and a strongly developed muscular crest in the anterior surface of the femur. The ∼2 m body length estimated for Patagopelta is very small for an ankylosaur, comparable with the dwarf nodosaurid Struthiosaurus. We recovered Patagopelta within Nodosaurinae, related to nodosaurids from the ‘mid’-Cretaceous of North America, contrasting the previous topologies that related this material with Panoplosaurini (Late Cretaceous North American nodosaurids). These results support a palaeobiogeographical context in which the nodosaurids from Salitral Moreno, Argentina, are part of the allochthonous fauna that migrated into South America during the late Campanian as part of the First American Biotic Interchange. https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBA24443-F365-49FD-A959-10D2848C2400
Impacts of Crystalline Host Rock on Repository Barrier Materials at 250 °C: Hydrothermal Co-Alteration of Wyoming Bentonite and Steel in the Presence of Grimsel Granodiorite

Direct disposal of dual-purpose canisters (DPC) has been proposed to streamline the disposal of spent nuclear fuel. However, there are scenarios where direct disposal of DPCs may result in temperatures in excess of the specified upper temperature limits for some engineered barrier system (EBS) materials, which may cause alteration within EBS materials dependent on local conditions such as host rock composition, chemistry of the saturating groundwaters, and interactions between barrier materials themselves. Here we report the results of hydrothermal experiments reacting EBS materials—bentonite buffer and steel—with an analogue crystalline host rock and groundwater at 250 °C. Experiment series explored the effect of reaction time on the final products and the effects of the mineral and fluid reactants on different steel types. Post-mortem X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed characteristic alteration of both bentonite and steel, including the formation of secondary zeolite and calcium silicate hydrate minerals within the bentonite matrix and the formation of iron-bearing clays and metal oxides at the steel surfaces. Swelling clays in the bentonite matrix were not quantitatively altered to non-swelling clay species by the hydrothermal conditions. The combined results of the solution chemistry over time and post-mortem mineralogy suggest that EBS alteration is more sensitive to initial groundwater chemistry than the presence of host rock, where limited potassium concentration in the solution prohibits conversion of the smectite minerals in the bentonite matrix to non-swelling clay species.
Decision feedback equalization for enhancing plastic optical fiber transmission in automotive optical ethernet

With the rapid development of high-level road traffic system and the implementation of autonomous mobility system, smart driving has become an important work toward the realization of intelligent society. Large capacity of imaging data acquired by imaging sensors and large surrounding traffic information data are required to be transferred to vehicles via in-vehicle transmission lines. Plastic optical fiber (POF) has potential for this type of next generation automotive data networks due to its relatively high bandwidth compared to current coaxial cables, easy connection due to relatively large core diameter, low cost, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, due to fiber mode dispersion, the bandwidth of large core POF is limited to several hundred Mega-Hertz for a hundred-meter-long transmission line. Equalization (including linear equalization and feedback equalization) was proposed to be used for eliminating inter symbol interference introduced by the limited bandwidth of the POF. In the past, fiber transfer function was supposed to be a Gaussian shape in simulations, which is not the actual situation. In this work, we first calculate the POF transfer function based on the power flow equation and the real fiber parameters. Then, we evaluate the transmission quality of raised cosine pulse sequence by observing the eye-pattern at the receiving end, which shows clear eye closure. Next, we designed a decision feedback equalizer and applied it to improve the bit rate of the transmission line. The result showed that transmission quality is improved, but the speed cannot achieve Gbps by equalizer alone.