Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land Use Effects On Lake Water Quality In Central Florida

Land use affects the water quality of lakes. Different land use types yield different effects due to varying amounts and constituents of runoff. In this study, the effects of surrounding land use on the water quality of 50 lakes in Seminole County, Florida was assessed. Using GIS, I placed buffers of 100 and 500 m around each lake. The percentages of land use type were calculated within these buffers for 1990 and 1995. An ordination of lakes was done using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to determine if the surrounding land use patterns were adequate to describe the trophic status of the lakes. Correlations between land use and water quality were found to be significant for the 1990 100 and 500 m buffers. Inter-set correlations showed that among land use types: residential, urban, agriculture, hardwoods, and wetlands were the most influential in determining water quality in that they had the most positive or negative correlation with the WA scores depending on the year and buffer zone. Excessively drained and very poorly drained soils were the most influential of the soil types. A Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) was also performed to determine which land use and soil variables were effective in discriminating between oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes. Wetlands and very poorly drained soil were the most effective in discriminating between the groups of lakes. A multiple regression analysis was performed that determined correlations for 1990 and change in land use 100 m buffers contributed to our understanding of the relationship between land use and water quality. Effects of land use on water quality need to be considered when attempting to restore a lake or subjecting it to future land development.
A provisional structural thickness map of the Otago Schist, New Zealand

Metamorphic zones, terranes and lithologic associations provide a subdivision of the lithologically monotonous Otago Schist on a 10 to 50 kilometer scale. In this study, form line maps of schist foliation have been used to construct a provisional structural thickness map of the Otago Schist that allows a more detailed (1-5 km scale) subdivision of the entire schist. The map shows the macroscopic thickness of schist measured orthogonal to dominant foliation, relative to the datum of the Caples-Rakaia terrane boundary. The structural thickness map provides a new spatial reference frame for the Otago Schist that depicts the differing levels of exhumation of penetratively deformed metamorphic rocks. The structural thickness parameter shows a good correlation with metamorphic grade, white mica grain size, and K-Ar and Ar-Ar ages, thus justifying the simplifying assumptions behind the map's construction. The map reveals several hitherto little-highlighted features including along- and across-strike correlations, interference patterns between Mesozoic and Cenozoic macroscopic folds, net displacement across known and inferred major faults, and relative structural position of mesothermal gold deposits.
La classification pédologique utilisée en France

Elle doit donc, en particulier, satisfaire au principe d’homologie et de subordination des caractères. Ceux permettant de définir ces catégories doivent être de même nature, à chacyn des niveaux de la classification, et être choisis de façon à présenter, des niveaux supérieurs aux niveaux inférieurs, un degré de caractérisation croissante et de généralité décroissante. Par contre on ne peut exiger d’une classification pédologique que tout élément d’une catégorie soit plus semblable à tout autre élément de cette catégorie qu’à quelque élément que ce soit d‘une autre. En effet, les ((Unités Sols )) ne peuvent être définies qu’arbitrairement, car elles forment un continu sur les plans génétique, morphologique et, à quelques exceptions près, géographique. Une telle classification doit donc être susceptible d’évolution pour tenir compte de modifications toujours possibles de ces limites, et d’accroissement pour permettre d’y intégrer des éléments nouvellement observés, ou des unités de catégories inférieures ou moyennes nécessaaires pour expliciter des éléments intermédiaires dont l’importance réelle dans la Nature aura été reconnue. i i >%
FENESTRATE GRAPTOLITE THEORETICAL MORPHOLOGY: GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINTS ON LOPHOPHORE SHAPE AND ARRANGEMENT IN EXTINCT HEMICHORDATES

Abstract A geometric analysis of lophophore shape and arrangement in the fenestrate dendroid graptolite genus Dictyonema reveals that the shape of the zooid domain in the majority of Dictyonema species colonies is highly elliptical, with the long axis of the ellipse perpendicular to the proximodistal axis of the stipe. A complex lophophore, bilaterally symmetrical and consisting of two tentaculated arms that are laterally directed and perpendicular to the stipe axis, provides the best geometric solution to completely filling the elliptical zooid domain seen in the majority of Dictyonema species. Working under the assumption that fenestrate graptolites, like fenestrate bryozoans, needed to form a continuous filtering surface with contact between adjacent lophophores, two optimum close-parking models exist for lophophores with elliptical zooid domains: either a proximodistal-row arrangement or a lateral-row arrangement of the lophophores. Of the two possible geometries, the most probable close-packing arrangement of hypothetical biplumed lophophores within the fenestrate graptolite meshwork is in proximodistal rows.
ICHRIE Research Reports ICHRIE Research Reports

This series of three reports was developed to discuss tourist behaviors in three key areas of the hospitality industry: lodging, dining, and activities and events. A primary purpose was to provide insights from the user’s perspective, as the majority of c ontent comes from the provider’s point of view. One paper focused on tourist’s behaviors in lodging and another focused on tourist’s behaviors while dining. This paper focused on tourist’s behaviors in activities and events. The goal was to provide valuable insights to assist practitioners in better understanding tourist’s behaviors and to develop strategies to provide the best experience possible.
Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW

Scholars and policymakers have long sought to determine whether campaign contributions affect democratic processes. Using data on donations from Texas, we show that criminal defense attorneys who contribute to a district judge’s electoral campaign are preferentially assigned by that judge to indigent defense cases , i.e., public contracts in which the state pays private attorneys to represent poor defendants. We estimate that attorney donors receive twice as many cases as non-donors during the month of their campaign contribution. Nearly two-thirds of this increase is explained by the contribution itself, with the re-mainder attributable to shared preferences within attorney-judge pairs, such as professional, ideological, political, or personal ties. Defendants assigned to donor attorneys also fare worse in cases resolved in the month of contribution, with fewer cases dismissed and more defendants convicted and incarcerated. Further evidence suggests recipient judges close cases to cash out their attorney bene-factors, at the expense of defendants. Our results provide some of the strongest causal evidence to date on the corrosive potential of campaign donations, including their impact on the right to counsel as guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.
Parameterization of Canopy Structure and Leaf-Level Gas Exchange for an Eastern Amazonian Tropical Rain Forest (Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil)

: Carbon flux of Amazonian primary forest vegetation has been shown to vary both spatially and temporally. Process-based models are adequate tools to understand the basis of such variation and can also provide projections to future scenarios. The parameterization of such process-based models requires information from the vegetation in question simply because ecosystem-level gas exchange is a direct result of the tightly coupled interaction between local vegetation and regional climate. In this study, data are presented concerning canopy structure [leaf area index (LAI), and the ratio of leaf dry mass to leaf area (LMA)], leaf chemistry [area-based foliar nitrogen content (N area ) and carbon isotope composition ( (cid:1) 13 C)], and photosynthetic gas exchange [maximum carbon assimilation rates ( A max ), stomatal conductance ( g s @ A max ), maximum carboxylation capacity ( V c max ), and respiration rates ( R d )] versus relative height from an extensive survey of primary forest vegetation of the Santarém region (eastern Amazon, Santarém, Federal State of Pará, Brazil). Ground-level LAI values ranged between 4.5 and 5.9. Both A max and V c max showed large variations within the canopy profile with values ranging between 2.4 and 15.7 (cid:2) mol m −2 s −1 and between 10.1 and 105.7 (cid:2) mol m −2 s −1 , respectively. Also, N area varied between 0.75 to 4.19 gN m −2 , and similar to A max and V c max , showed higher values at the top of the canopy. Variations were detected among sites in patterns of vertical distribution of N area and LAI, indicating spatial heterogeneity of the forest. Also, no statistically significant evidence of seasonal variations on parameters was observed, indicating that there is limited gas exchange acclimation by the vegetation to wet or dry seasons.
Net offshore bar migration variability at a regional scale: Inter-site comparison (Languedoc-Roussillon, France)

ABSTRACT Aleman, N. , Robin, N. , Certain, R. , Barusseau, J.-P. and Gervais, M. , 2013. Net offshore bar migration variability at a regional scale: Inter-site comparison (Languedoc-Roussillon, France). The Languedoc-Roussillon coastline is a large unit stretching out over 200 km of sandy low coast in a wave dominated environment. The nearshore is characterized by a quasi continuous system of double sandbar that displays a wide range of typology. The interannual sandbar dynamic was investigated using 2D bathymetric profiles and 3D LiDAR imagery. This study has allowed determining the sandbar systems affected by the Net Offshore Migration (NOM). At a regional scale, conditions necessary to NOM development depend on the sandbar morphologies (crescentic or straight), the wave energy and the associated coastal orientation (low or high energy, sheltered area), the coastal structures (harbour and coastal defences) and the nearshore sedimentary budget. The areas where the NOM occurs show cycle dynamic differences. This regional inter-site comparison highlights that nearshore morphology and bar parameters seem to influence the nearshore bar behaviour. Interaction between the nearshore slope, width of the bar zone and the migration rate control the NOM duration. The sandbar volume and the regional wave climate influence also the migration rate of the system. On the Languedoc-Roussillon coast, the sediment grain size does not appear to influence the seaward bar migration.
Diagnosing the imbalance of Yanamarey Glacier in the Cordillera Blanca of Peru

A detailed glaciological observation program was conducted on the Yanamarey Glacier in the Cordillera Blanca of Peru, including the monitoring of net balance and ice flow velocity during 1977–1988 and mappings of the surface topography in 1973, 1982, and 1988. These observations are here evaluated to combine net balance, surface lowering, and ice flow into a consistent picture of the mode of operation of a tropical glacier on the scale of a decade. The glacier extends between 5100 and 4500 m with a total area of 9×105 m2 and length of about 1.3 km. Maximum flow velocity is 17.4 m yr−1 and maximum volume flux 336×103 m3 yr−1. In the ablation area, net balance is about −6 m yr−1 and surface lowering 3 m yr−1. About half of the mean annual water discharge from the glacier of 80 L s−1 is not renewed by precipitation but supplied by the ice thinning. The rate of surface lowering of 1.5 m yr−1 liquid water equivalent translates to a glacier average departure heat supply for melting of 16 W m−2. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this could be produced by a cloudiness increase of less than one tenth, an air temperature decrease of 2°C, an increment in specific humidity of less than 1 g kg−1, or some combination of heat budget processes. Such changes in the atmospheric environment would be required to stabilize the glacier at its recent volume. As another indication of the recent imbalance, the maximum volume flux is found some 100 m below the equilibrium line altitude. Under continuation of the recent climatic conditions, the glacier may survive for more than half a century.
Nonlinear coupling between quasi 2 day wave and tides based on meteor radar observations at Maui

An observational study of nonlinear interaction between the quasi 2 day wave (QTDW) and the diurnal and semidiurnal tides from meteor radar measurements at Maui is reported. The diurnal and semidiurnal tides show a short‐term variation with the QTDW activity. The variation of amplitude of the semidiurnal tide is opposite to that of the QTDW. The minimum amplitudes of the diurnal tide appear several days later than the maximum amplitudes of the QTDW, and the diurnal tide obviously strengthens when the QTDW drops to small amplitudes. The bispectrum analysis shows significant nonlinear interactions among the QDTW and the tidal components. The two quasi 16 h modes with periods of 16.2 h and 15.8 h generated in the interactions of the QTDW with the diurnal and semidiurnal tides can clearly be distinguished because of the slight deviation of the QTDW period from 48 h. The bicoherence spectrum demonstrates that the QTDW and the semidiurnal tide have quite strong levels of coherence, indicating that the nonlinear interaction is a mechanism responsible for the variability of the semidiurnal tide. Although there is also some interaction between the QTDW and the diurnal tide, their coherence level is low. When the QTDW drops to very weak amplitudes, the background wind decreases and reverses. During this time, the diurnal tide holds large amplitudes. These results support the notion that the variability of the diurnal tide is mainly attributable to the strong QTDW‐induced changes in the background atmosphere, which was shown in the modeling study by Chang et al. (2011). Hence, both the nonlinear interaction and the background flow changes are responsible for the observed variation of the diurnal tide.
Measurement of the tt production cross section in thedilepton channel in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The tt production cross section (σ_(tt)) is measured in proton-proton collisions at s√= 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb^(−1). The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of σ_(tt) for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 61.9±2.5(stat.)^(+5.1)_(−5.0)(syst.)±3.6(lumi.)pb , consistent with the prediction of the standard model.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Where’s the fake news at? European news consumers’ perceptions of misinformation across information sources and topics

This study indicates that news users across ten different European countries are quite concerned about misinformation in their information environment. Respondents are most likely to associate politicians, corporations, and foreign actors with misinformation. They perceive misinformation to be most common for topics like immigration, the economy, and the environment. This offers support for the increasingly more relative and politicized status of facts in people’s credibility perceptions. Yet, differences across sources and issues are relatively modest, indicating that misinformation can be associated with many different information sources and topics.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) When

Sexual selection in animals has been mostly studied in species in which males are signallers and females are choosers. However, in many species females are (also) signallers. In species with non-signalling females, virgin females are hypothesized to be less choosy than mated females, as virgins must mate to realize fitness and the number of available males is generally limited. Yet, when females signal to attract males, mate limitation can be overcome. We tested how virgin and mated females differ in their signalling behaviour, mating latency, and in mate choice, using the tobacco budworm Chloridea ( Heliothis ) virescens as an example for a species in which females are not only choosers but also signallers. We found that virgin females signalled longer than mated females, but virgin and mated signalling females were equally ready to mate, in contrast to non-signalling females. However, we found that virgin signalling females showed weaker mate preference than mated females, which can be explained by the fact that females increase their fitness with multiple matings. Mated females may thus further increase their fitness by more stringent mate selection. We conclude that signalling is a crucial aspect to consider when studying female mate choice, because signalling may affect the number of available mates to choose from.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) More than meets the eye : age differences in the capture and suppression of oculomotor action

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Analysis of Asymmetric Shocks among the EU Members and Accession Countries: Can the Baltic Sea Cluster Be Distinguished?

In May 2004 ten new members — Estonia, Cyprus, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Hungary (accession countries) will join the European Union. The enlargement of the EU will bring along several challenges both for the accession countries and the existing members. One of these is the challenge of facing in European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Namely, upon accession, new member states will become also members of the EMU, although they do not immediately enter the euro zone. In the longer run, and when they have met certain conditions, the accession countries are expected to join the euro zone. All accession countries must join the euro zone (i.e. there is no opt-out clause similar to Denmark or the UK for the accession countries), but there is no fixed time-schedule for the euro zone enlargement.
Temporal and spatial variability of biological nitrogen fixation off the upwelling system of central Chile (35–38.5°S)

Although N2 fixation could represent a supplementary source of bioavailable nitrogen in coastal upwelling areas and underlying oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), the limited data available prevent assessing its variability and biogeochemical significance. Here we report the most extensive N2 fixation data set gathered to date in the upwelling area off central Chile (36°S). It covers interannual to high frequency time scales in an area of about 82,500 km2 in the eastern South Pacific (ESP). Because heterotrophic N2 fixation may be regulated by DOM availability in the ESP, we conducted experiments at different oxygen conditions and included DOM amendments in order to test diazotrophic activity. Rates in the euphotic zone showed strong temporal variability which resulted in values reaching 0.5 nmol L−1 d−1 in 2006 (average 0.32 ± 0.17 nmol L−1 d−1) and up to 126.8 nmol L−1 d−1 (average 24.75 ± 37.9 nmol L−1 d−1) in 2011. N2 fixation in subsurface suboxic conditions (1.5 ± 1.16 nmol L−1 d−1) also occurred mainly during late summer and autumn while virtually absent in winter. The diversity of diazotrophs was dominated by heterotrophs, with higher richness in surface compared to OMZ waters. Rates in oxygen depleted conditions could exceed values obtained in the euphotic layer, but rates were not dependent on the availability of dissolved organic matter. N2 fixation also showed a positive correlation with total chlorophyll and the C:N ratio of phytoplankton, but not to the P excess compared to N. We conclude that the diazotrophic community responds to the composition of phytoplankton rather than the extent of N deficiency and the availability of bulk DOM in this system.
Combined Satellite- and Surface-Based Observations of Clouds

Abstract A new method for combining satellite and surface-based cloud observations into a self-consistent three-dimensional field is presented. This method derives the probabilities of the cloud states, which are most consistent with all of the observations and assumptions concerning the nature and relative uncertainties of the observations. It is applied to a three-layer atmosphere using monthly satellite- and surface-based cloud observations. The reconstructions of the observed fields usually lead to modifications of the surface-observed low cloud amount of less than 0.008 fractional cloud cover. Over the ocean the satellite-view low cloud amounts are usually decreased by between 0.06 and 0.12 for most of the middle latitudes and southeastern tropical Pacific. Over land the adjustments in the satellite low cloud amounts are generally smaller. The method leads to increases in satellite high cover of between 0.03 and 0.09 over most regions, and increases in middle cloud cover of up to around 0.03 over the.
Assessment of Background Ionization Radiation of Oil Spillage Site at Obodo Creek in Gokana L.G.A of River State, Nigeria

The assessment of background ionization radiation of oil spillage site at Obodo Creek in Gokana L.G. A of River State, Nigeria was carried out. An In-situ measurement was done usinga well calibrated nuclear radiation meter (Radalert-100) and a geographical positioning system (GPS). The mean background Ionization radiation values from the East, West, North and South cardinal direction of the spill site are 0.0164±0.004mR/hr, 0.0164±0.004mR/hr, 0.0171±0.006mR/hr and 0.0155±0.004mR/hr respectively while the mean Equivalent Dose Rate value are 1.3287±0.002mSv/y, 1.2278±0.001mSv/y, 1.4380±0.002mSv/y and 1.3035±0.002mSv/y. Both the background ionization radiation