Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Coronary Artery Disease Due to Acetylsalicylic Acid Resistance May Be Related to COX-1 and COX-2 Mutations

Objective: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a commonly used antiplatelet drug for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, in some patients recurrent CAD occurs due to ASA resistance (AR). This condition may be related to some genetic factors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 mutations on recurrent CAD due to AR. Methods: Hundred CAD patients taking 100 mg ASA daily for 2 years were enrolled to the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their recurrent CAD status. Forty-eight patients with recurrent CAD due to AR and 52 patients without recurrent CAD were selected to ASA resistant (AR+) and ASA non-resistant (AR-) group, respectively. AR was confirmed by platelet aggregation testing. Risk factors related to recurrent CAD were also obtained. After DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, rs1330344 variation in COX-1 and rs20417 variation in COX-2 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results were evaluated statistically. Results: COX-1 and COX-2 mutations were mostly detected in the AR+ group however these data were not found statistically significant. Nevertheless, C allele of COX-2 was found statistically high in the AR+ group (67.9%) (p=0.023). Additionally statistically significant associations were found between high total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the GC genotype of COX-2. Conclusion: It was suggested a relation between COX-2 mutations and recurrent CAD due to AR. Similar studies with a large population must explain the mechanisms governing the association of COX-1 and COX-2 genotypes and response to ASA in recurrent CAD patients.
Characterisation of road base materials treated by hybrid alkali-activated binders and cationic asphalt emulsions

ABSTRACT Using suitable chemically stabilized materials to solve the moisture-related damages on the road pavement is still essential. This study investigated the influence of cationic asphalt emulsion (CAE) on a hybrid alkali-activated binder (HAB) consisting of fly ash, hydrated lime, and solid sodium hydroxide for the chemically stabilized road base material. Adding CAE to HAB would introduce the water-repellent and elastic properties of HAB. Crushed rock (CR) treated with HAB binder prepared with two concentrations of CAE (HAB-CAEs) was characterized using a test series of compaction, unconfined compressive strength, resilient modulus, and water absorption. The compaction test results showed that CAE could decrease the optimum water content and air voids at the maximum dry density. Using CAE increased the strength of the HAB-CAE-treated CR, resulting in a sufficient compressive strength of the flexible pavement base. In addition, the HAB-CAE-treated CR had a proficient energy absorption under a static loading condition. The addition of CAE to the HAB-treated CR also provided resilient modulus and stiffness values higher than those of the conventional cement-treated base material with less water absorption. Therefore, HAB-CAE could be a viable option as a sustainable pavement base material.
Human-Robot Collaboration With Commonsense Reasoning in Smart Manufacturing Contexts

Human-robot collaboration (HRC), where humans and robots work together to handle specific tasks, requires designing robots that can effectively support human beings. Robots need to conduct reasoning using commonsense knowledge (CSK), e.g., fundamental knowledge that humans possess and use subconsciously, in order to assist humans in challenging and dynamic environments. Currently, there are several effective CSK systems used for organizing information and facts, along with detecting objects and determining their properties. HRC is employed in various manufacturing tasks, such as paint spraying and assembly, in order to keep humans safe while increasing efficiency. Although there is a large array of research on HRC and on CSK, there is minimal research linking the two concepts together. This paper presents a novel system on human-robot collaboration guided by commonsense reasoning for automation in manufacturing tasks. This fits within the general realm of smart manufacturing. The primary focus is on improving the efficacy of human-robot co-assembly tasks. Evaluations conducted with online simulations and real-world experiments indicate that reasoning using CSK-based robot priorities enhances HRC as compared to simpler robot priorities, e.g., merely handling nearby objects. This system is modifiable and can be used for larger and more complex real-world tasks, thereby leading to improved automation in manufacturing. This paper demonstrates the scope of combining HRC and CSK, while future works will be able to further utilize the benefits of combining the two fields with significant impacts. Note to Practitioners—This paper is motivated by the human-robot collaboration problem in smart manufacturing. Robots operating by reasoning with commonsense priorities in human-robot collaboration enable faster task execution and better human work life. This can help balance work for humans and prevent injury. Adding robots to tasks accordingly does not necessarily decrease costs, but can limit human exposure to danger which is significant (and can also lower costs overall). Simulations and real-world experiments in our research using commonsense reasoning demonstrate how work is easier and better with human-robot collaboration. These factors are highly significant when tasks are repeated multiple times. The system is presented within automated manufacturing and is scalable for different real-world applications. Such automation is particularly helpful during recent times in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Air Pollution and Headache Disorders

Air pollution, the most prevalent form of pollution worldwide, is associated with a wide range of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative conditions, stroke, autism, depression, and developmental delay. There is accumulating evidence on the association between air pollution and headache disorders, especially migraine. Many classical and non-classical air pollutants have been associated with headache, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. There has also been research on the impact of biomass fuels on health-related symptoms, including headache, which form an important source of air pollution in our country. The exact mechanisms underlying headache pathophysiology vis-à-vis air pollution are not precisely defined but include triggering of neuroinflammation and activation of the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)-associated pathways. Evidence from different regions of the world indicates a significant association between headache incidence and prevalence, and occurrence of air pollution. Despite growing data, research on adverse effects of air pollution on headache disorders remains limited, and appropriate outcome measures are not holistically defined in these studies. Due to the rapid advancement of the scourge of air pollution, there is a pressing need to expand the arena of research, specifically focused on pathological mechanisms, impact on health and quality-of-life parameters, as well as broader global ramifications.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of General Practitioners from North-Eastern Italy (2021)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a lead cause of morbidity and hospitalizations in infants. RSV vaccines are currently under development, and preventive options are limited to monoclonal antibodies (mAb). We assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices for RSV in a sample of general practitioners (GPs) from north-eastern Italy (2021), focusing on the risk perception for infants (age < 8 years) and its potential effectors. We administered an internet survey to 543 GPs, with a response rate of 28.9%. Knowledge status was unsatisfactory, with substantial knowledge gaps found on the epidemiology of RSV and its prevention through mAb. The main effectors of risk perception were identified as having a background in pediatrics (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 55.398 and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 6.796–451.604), being favorable towards RSV vaccines when available (aOR: 4.728, 95% CI: 1.999–11.187), while having previously managed an RSV case (aOR: 0.114, 95% CI: 0.024–0.552) and previously recommended hospitalization for cases (aOR: 0.240, 95% CI: 0.066–0.869) were identified as negative effectors. In summary, the significant extent of knowledge gaps and the erratic risk perception, associated with the increasing occurrence in RSV infections, collectively stress the importance of appropriate information campaigns among primary care providers.
Effectiveness of Nutrition and Exercise Counseling Combination on Desirable Dietary Pattern and Weight Loss

The prevalence of overweight and obese among teenagers in Jakarta City was recorded at 9.4% and 5.7%, respectively. Overweight and obesity are known conditions that have consequences on the physical, psychological and emotional as well as the risks related to non-communicable diseases. In order to address the problems on overweight and obesity, the study was designed to assess the effect of nutrition education (NE), nutrition counseling (NC), nutrition counseling and exercise (NCE) in changing the desirable dietary pattern (DDP) and weight of overweight and obese teenagers in Jakarta. Methods: The subjects were 120 students in High School 80 Jakarta who met the criteria of inclusion (with z-score BMI for Age score above 1) and exclusion. The study design was employed a Randomize Control Trial having three intervention groups (NE, NC and NCE) and one control group, each with 30 subjects. Interventions were implemented for two months. Baseline and endline data were obtained through interviews, self-administered questionnaires, anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and 24-hour food recall. Results: Wilcoxon test (α=0.05) showed significant changing in DDP score in NE ( p NE=0.012) and NC ( p NC=0.000); and weight loss in all three intervention groups ( p NE=0.018; p NC=0.003; p NCE=0.004). Compared to Control Group (Mann-Whitney test, α=0.05), NC intervention was the most effective in changing DDP scores (p=0.000) and weight loss ( p =0.000). Conclusion: Nutrition counseling was found the most effective intervention in improving the DDP and in decreasing the weights of overweight and obese subjects. It can be continued through peer counseling model among high school students to prevent obesity in teenagers.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIOLOGISTS’ SMOKING STATUS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD SMOKING CESSATION MANAGEMENT

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between cardiologists’ smoking habits and their attitudes toward smoking cessation management. Methodology: This cross-sectional study collected data from cardiologists actively working at 56 different centres in 2021. A questionnaire was sent to cardiologists via e-mail. Participation was voluntary. Results: A total of 218 cardiologists, 183 (83.9%) nonsmokers and 35 (16.1%) smokers, were included in the study. The median age of the participants was 46 years (range: 31−69 years), and 75.7% (n = 165) were male. There were no statistically significant differences between the smokers and nonsmokers in terms of demographic characteristics. More nonsmoking than smoking cardiologists advised their patients to quit smoking (71% vs. 37.1%; p < 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of pharmacological therapy (34.9% vs. 28.6%; p = 0.464), psychological support (23% vs. 17.1%; p = 0.447), or electronic cigarette recommendations (3.3% vs. 8.6%; p = 0.149), and most participants made no relevant recommendations (66.1%, 78%, and 95.9%, respectively). Conclusion: Cardiologists’ smoking habits directly affect their attitudes toward smoking cessation management. The significant benefits of quitting smoking for cardiovascular disease prevention require that cardiologists make stronger recommendations for smoking cessation therapies and counseling to their patients.
Arterial Tortuosity and Its Correlation with White Matter Hyperintensities in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction The association between arterial tortuosity and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been reported, but showing inconsistent results. We hypothesized that tortuosity of extra- and intracranial large arteries might be higher in AIS patients. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between artery tortuosity and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) severity in AIS patients. Methods 166 AIS patients identified as large artery atherosclerosis, and 83 control subjects were enrolled. All subjects received three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (CTA). Arterial tortuosity was evaluated using the tortuosity index. WMHs were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging in all AIS patients. Results AIS patients showed significantly increased arterial tortuosity index relative to controls, including left carotid artery (CA) (p = 0.001), right CA (p < 0.001), left common carotid artery (CCA) (p < 0.001), right CCA (p < 0.001), left internal carotid artery (p = 0.001), right internal carotid artery (p = 0.01), left extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) (p < 0.001), right EICA (p = 0.01), and vertebral artery dominance (VAD) (p = 0.001). The tortuosity of all above arteries was associated with the presence of AIS. AIS patients with moderate or severe WMHs had a higher tortuosity index in left CA (p = 0.005), left CCA (p = 0.003), left EICA (p = 0.07), and VAD (p = 0.001). In addition, the tortuosity of left EICA and VAD was associated with WMH severity in AIS patients. Conclusions Increased extra- and intracranial large arteries tortuosity is associated with AIS. The tortuosity of left carotid artery system and vertebral artery may be the independent risk factors for WMH severity in AIS patients. Clinical Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT03122002 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Heme Oxygenase-1 Has a Greater Effect on Melanoma Stem Cell Properties Than the Expression of Melanoma-Initiating Cell Markers

Melanoma-initiating cells (MICs) contribute to the tumorigenicity and heterogeneity of melanoma. MICs are identified by surface and functional markers and have been shown to display cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. However, the existence of MICs that follow the hierarchical CSC model has been questioned by studies showing that single unselected melanoma cells are highly tumorigenic in xenotransplantation assays. Herein, we characterize cells expressing MIC markers (CD20, CD24, CD133, Sca-1, ABCB1, ABCB5, ALDHhigh) in the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line. We use flow cytometric phenotyping, single-cell sorting followed by in vitro clonogenic assays, and syngeneic in vivo serial transplantation assays to demonstrate that the expression of MIC markers does not select CSC-like cells in this cell line. Previously, our group showed that heme-degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can be upregulated in melanoma and increase its aggressiveness. Here, we show that HO-1 activity is important for non-adherent growth of melanoma and HO-1 overexpression enhances the vasculogenic mimicry potential, which can be considered protumorigenic activity. However, HO-1 overexpression decreases clone formation in vitro and serial tumor initiation in vivo. Thus, HO-1 plays a dual role in melanoma, improving the progression of growing tumors but reducing the risk of melanoma initiation.
Behaviour of fibres in mixed low-consistency refining

A new refining system, comprising separate pre-refining followed by mixed refining, could bring significant advantages in energy savings, fibre development and flexibility in pulp choice - according to a comprehensive refining study carried out at the research plant of Sunds Defibrator. The study embraced four softwood and three hardwood pulps, which were refined separately and in various mixtures. It showed that while some fibres are better refined separately, mixed refining shows advantages in most cases.
The Perception of Urban Forests in Post-Mining Areas: A Case Study of Sosnowiec-Poland

Sustainable development policy emphasizes, among other things, the role of green areas in urban space. This remark applies in particular to post-industrial and post-mining cities. One of the elements of shaping the sustainable development of post-mining cities is that forests are often anthropogenic forest ecosystems growing in previously mining areas, one of the most characteristic elements of their spatial development. This article examines the role of urban forests in the post-mining area in Sosnowiec, located in the core of the Katowice conurbation in southern Poland. This article aimed to show the social perception of forests in post-mining areas among the local community and the features of urban forests. The social dimension of the interaction between humans and the environment is related to the issue of urban planning. Research was implemented based on quantitative, qualitative (CATI survey), and cartographic methods. The results indicate the significant role of forests in post-mining areas depending on their location in the settlement areas in a post-industrial city. The research emphasizes that residents perceive forests in post-mining areas of cities as an essential and expected recreational space. Notably, half of them do not see any threats therein. It is also expected that these areas will be better developed for recreational purposes in the future.
Correlations between Capsaicin, Dihydrocapsaicin and Phenolic Content in Habanero Chillies

Australia is a minor producer of chilli, with the industry producing around 2500 tonnes of chillies per year. Due to the small size of the industry, there is currently limited research on the typical levels of capsaicinoids in the Australian crop and the relationship between these constituents and other agronomic and nutritional factors. This study applied a rapid, maceration-based extraction protocol with end-over-end shaking, coupled with a HPLC-DAD method for the analysis of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in 20 Habanero chilli samples from Queensland, Australia. All samples were from the same growing season (2020) but were taken from different within-field locations to ensure that all of the variability within the growing site was sampled. In addition to the capsaicinoid measurements, the total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while antioxidant activity was measured using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. The capsaicin concentration of the samples ranged from 1474–3916 mg/kg, while the dihydrocapsaicin content ranged between 638–1757 mg/kg, giving total pungencies of approximately 32,000 to 83,000 Scoville Heat Units. Similarly, the total phenolic content varied from 1000–1608 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, while the antioxidant activity ranged from 301 to 455 mg Trolox equivalents/100 g. Pearson linear correlation analysis revealed that the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents were strongly positively correlated with one another (R2 = 0.73; p < 0.001), with a mean capsaicin: dihydrocapsaicin ratio of 2.4:1. Furthermore, there was a moderate positive correlation between the total capsaicinoid content and total phenolic content of the samples (R2 = 0.58; p < 0.01), as well as a strong correlation between the total capsaicinoid content and FRAP (R2 = 0.81; p < 0.001). However, dry matter content was not significantly correlated with capsaicinoid content, total phenolic content or antioxidant activity (p > 0.05 for all). These results may be used to inform future breeding programs for high-capsaicin chilli varieties and support further research into the agronomic and genetic factors driving capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content.
Analysis of Fatigue Characteristics in Mooring Lines and Low Voltage Cables for Wave Energy Converters

To reduce both carbon emission and fossil fuel consumption, there is a pressing need for the exploitation of renewable sources of energy such as biomass, hydropower, solar power, waves, and wind. This thesis addresses the application of wave energy, which has a large potential to contribute to the world’s renewable emission-free energy supply. However, the challenge for current wave energy technology to make a commercial impact is to reduce its levelised cost of energy and, as part of this task, to ensure the long-term reliability and durability of the mooring lines and power cables used in wave energy converter (WEC) systems. This thesis contributes to the development of a numerical analysis procedure for assessing the fatigue characteristics of these mooring lines and power cables. The main objective of this thesis is to develop a complete numerical analysis procedure for the assessment of mooring lines and power cables used in WEC systems. A WEC system consisting of a heaving-point-absorber WEC, a catenary mooring chain system, and a low voltage power cable was chosen as the subject of this case study. The numerical study was conducted based on a first-principles approach. The simulation methodology and analysis procedure consisted of a hydrodynamic and structural analysis, a stress and fatigue damage analysis, a parametric study, an energy performance analysis, and an assessment of the influence of biofouling on the WEC energy performance and the fatigue of the moorings and power cable. Coupled and de-coupled simulation procedures were compared using DNV DeepC. It was found that the coupled procedure should be used to simulate the hydrodynamic and structural response of the WEC system to capture the coupling effect in the system. A stress-based rainflow counting fatigue analysis was developed, which enabled the identification of fatigue-critical locations along the mooring lines and power cable under varying environmental conditions. A fatigue-wave height-wave period matrix and a simulation matrix were designed as tools to visualise the fatigue damage to the mooring lines and power cable under various environmental conditions. In comparison with the biofouling-free condition, it was shown that biofouling on the WEC system can reduce the time-averaged power absorption of the WEC by up to 20% and reduce the fatigue life of the mooring lines by approximately 80%. Hence, it is recommended that biofouling is considered during the early stage of WEC system design. The influence of biofouling on the fatigue life of the power cable was found to be negligible. However, considering the long fatigue life calculated for the power cable, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop a more detailed model of the power cable.
Annual report 1994

The report provides an account of the activities carried out by the Lake Kariba Fisheries Research Institute during the year 1994 under the following headings: Institute finances; Staffing and staff training; Staff housing; Infrastructure and institute expansion; Vehicles and vessels; and, Fisheries and fishery management. Individual reports regarding the various project activities conducted during the year are also included.
A Review and Assessment of Organizational Learning in Economic Theories

AbstractThe following sections are included:Orthodox Models of learningBehavioral ModificationsBounded RationalityUncertaintyInstitutional ModificationsSocial LearningPath DependencyEquilibrium ModificationsGame TheoryBayesian LearningLearning-by-doing and Learning Curve ModelsSummaryLearning and InnovationTypes of Learning ProcessesSources of Know/edgeIncremental and Cumulative LearningSummaryOrganizational Learning and the Theory of the FirmAntecedentsTransaction-cost EconomicsResource-based and Evolutionary Theories of the FirmDynamic Capabilities and the Knowledge-creating OrganizationSummaryConclusionReferences