Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization of multipass turning operations with genetic algorithms

The paper proposes a new optimization technique based on genetic algorithms for the determination of the cutting parameters in multipass machining operations. The cutting process simultaneously considers multipass rough machining and finish machining. The optimum machining parameters are determined by minimizing the unit production cost subject to practical machining constraints. The cutting model formulated is a non-linear-constrained programming (NCP) problem with 20 machining parameter constraints. Experimental results show that the proposed genetic algorithm-based procedure for solving the NCP problem is both effective and efficient, and can be integrated into an intelligent manufacturing system for solving complex machining optimization problems.
Comparison of One-Stage Object Detection Models for Weed Detection in Mulched Onions

Deep learning-based computer vision enabled farming robots to detect and control weeds in the field accurately. This study compared the performance of Scaled-YOLOv4-CSP, YOLOv5s, and SSD Mobilenet V2 for image-based weed detection in mulched onions. The study showed that YOLOv5s is more suitable for the purpose. At 0.915 $\mathrm{m}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{P}^{0.5}$, it ties with Scaled-YOLOv4-CSP at first place on weed detection performance. Meanwhile, YOLOv5s consumed significantly fewer resources during training and implementation, giving it an advantage in real-time weed detection. Its mean inference time of 7.72 milliseconds is also less than half of the other two models. Lastly, the study demonstrated that increasing the number of samples with a more balanced class distribution by upsizing the dataset through data augmentation would improve the overall performance of the object detection model.
Preventive Effects of β-Cryptoxanthin, a Potent Antioxidant and Provitamin A Carotenoid, on Lifestyle-Related Diseases—A Central Focus on Its Effects on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Humans usually get dietary carotenoids from foods such as green and yellow vegetables and algae. Carotenoids have been reported to effectively reduce the risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases. β-Cryptoxanthin, which is an antioxidative carotenoid and a type of provitamin A, is metabolically converted to vitamin A. β-Cryptoxanthin has recently gained attention for its risk-reducing effects on lifestyle-related diseases, especially on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), from epidemiological, interventional, and mechanistic studies. Retinoids (vitamin A) have also been reported to be useful as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. Provitamin A is known to serve as a supply source of retinoids through metabolic conversion by the regulated activity of β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) to the retina only when retinoids are deficient. From mechanistic studies using NAFLD-model mice, β-cryptoxanthin has been shown to contribute to the improvement of NAFLD through a multifaceted approach, including improved insulin resistance, suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation, a reduction of macrophages and a shift of their subsets, and control of lipid metabolism by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family activation, which are also expected to have clinical applications. β-Cryptoxanthin has the potential to prevent lifestyle-related diseases from different angles, not only as an antioxidant but also as a retinoid precursor.
Überprüfung der grenz (b/t)‐Werte für das Verfahren Elastisch‐Plastisch

In neuester Literatur werden Zweifel geäußert, ob die in DIN 18800‐1 und Eurocode 3 ähnlich geregelten grenz (b/t)‐Werte für das Verfahren Elastisch‐Plastisch bzw. Querschnittsklasse 2 ausreichend sicher sind. Es wurden eigene numerische Berechnungen durchgeführt, die auf einer Systematisierung der Anforderungen zur Aktivierung der plastischen Querschnittsreserve beruhen und deren Ergebnisse exemplarisch durch Versuche überprüft wurden. Die so ermittelten Ergebnisse zeigen zwar gewisse Unzulänglichkeiten der derzeitigen Regelungen auf, geben jedoch nicht genügend Anlaß, die derzeitigen Grenzwerte zu verschärfen.
The Judge as a Negotiator: Claims Negotiating and Inequalities in China’s Judicial Mediation

I propose a three-way model of negotiation on judicial mediation: the judge as a negotiator. Primarily drawing on ethnographic observations of a civil judge in a basic-level court in hinterland China, I document Chinese judges’ tactics at the micro level. I find that the Chinese judge not only “expands” and “narrows” claims. In addition, included in her repertoire are “repression,” “conversion,” and “facilitation. ” Following this, I explore the inequitable consequences of the judge’s apparent success in disposing cases. In negotiating the claims, the judge convinces or cajoles litigants who are economically vulnerable, inexperienced in the courtroom, legally bewildered, or timid in confronting the judges’ authority, into the settlement. But she often facilitates the claims of litigants who can mount credible political resistance. The interests of those who are vulnerable in one way or another, but not in a position to initiate political threats, are often dispensed. Inequalities are thus generated, reproduced, and reinforced. This three-way negotiation model provides a new perspective to study judicial mediation comparatively.
ATM and RAD51 Repair Pathways in Human Lymphocytes Irradiated with 70 MeV Therapeutic Proton Beam

The repair of radiation-induced DNA damage is a key factor differentiating patients in terms of the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity to surrounding normal tissue. Proton energy substantially determines the types of cancers that can be treated. The present work investigated the DNA double-strand break repair systems, represented by phosphorylated ATM and Rad51. The status of proton therapy energy used to treat major types of cancer is summarized. Here, human lymphocytes from eight healthy donors (male and female) were irradiated with a spread-out Bragg peak using a therapeutic 70 MeV proton beam or with reference X rays. For both types of radiation, the kinetics of pATM and Rad51 repair protein activation (0–24 h) were estimated as determinants of homologous and non-homologous double-strand break repair. Additionally, γ-H2AX was used as the gold standard marker of double-strand breaks. Our results showed that at 30 min postirradiation there was significantly greater accumulation of γ-H2AX (0.6-fold), pATM (2.0-fold), and Rad51 (0.6-fold) in the proton-irradiated cells compared with the X-ray-treated cells. At 24 h post irradiation, for both types of radiation and all investigated proteins, the foci number was still significantly higher when compared with control. Furthermore, the mean value of pATM and Rad51 repair effectiveness was higher in cells exposed to protons than in cells exposed to X rays; however, the difference was significant only for pATM. The largest inter-individual differences in the repair capabilities were noted for Rad51. The association between the frequency of repair protein foci and the frequency of lymphocyte viability at 1 h post irradiation showed a positive correlation for protons but a negative correlation for X rays. These findings indicate that the accumulation of radiation-induced repair protein foci after proton versus X-ray irradiation differs between patients, consequently affecting the cellular responses to particle therapy and conventional radiation therapy.
Treatment of Actual Winery Wastewater by Fenton-like Process: Optimization to Improve Organic Removal, Reduce Inorganic Sludge Production and Enhance Co-Treatment at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Despite many wineries being equipped with onsite wastewater treatment, winery wastewater (WWW) co-treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains a common practice in wine-making regions. The complex and highly variable nature of WWW can result in negative impacts on WWTP operations, highlighting a need for improved co-treatment methods. In this paper, the feasibility of using the Fenton-like process to pre-treat WWW to enhance co-treatment at municipal WWTPs is assessed. First-stage pre-treatment of the WWW, in the form of dilution and settling or aerobic biological treatment, is used prior to the Fenton-like process. A three-factor BBD experimental design is used to identify optimal reaction time and initial H2O2 and Fe3+ concentrations. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates are not able to accurately reflect the extent of reaction. Additional trials identified solubilization of particulate COD and TOC, as well as samples handling requirements prior to analysis, as factors affecting the apparent COD and TOC removal rates. Inert suspended solids (ISS) generated during the sample handling process are found to be the response variable best suited to quantifying the extent of the Fenton-like reaction. Maximum ISS generation is observed at initial H2O2 and Fe3+ concentrations of 4000 mg/L and 325 mg/L, however, results suggest that optimal concentrations exceed these values. The impact of adding pre-treated WWW, with and without Fenton-like treatment, to municipal WWTPs’ primary clarifiers and aerobic bioreactors is also assessed via bench-scale trials. Challenges associated with co-treating WWW are found to remain despite the pre-treatment alternatives investigated, including negative impacts on simulated primary and secondary effluent quality. The Fenton-like AOP provides limited opportunity to optimize or enhance co-treatment at municipal WWTPs.
Parents think—incorrectly—that teaching their children that the world is a bad place is likely best for them

ABSTRACT Primal world beliefs (‘primals’) are beliefs about the world’s basic character, such as the world is dangerous. This article investigates probabilistic assumptions about the value of negative primals (e.g., seeing the world as dangerous keeps me safe). We first show such assumptions are common. For example, among 185 parents, 53% preferred dangerous world beliefs for their children. We then searched for evidence consistent with these intuitions in 3 national samples and 3 local samples of undergraduates, immigrants (African and Korean), and professionals (car salespeople, lawyers, and cops;), examining correlations between primals and eight life outcomes within 48 occupations (total N=4,535) . As predicted, regardless of occupation, more negative primals were almost never associated with better outcomes. Instead, they predicted less success, less job and life satisfaction, worse health, dramatically less flourishing, more negative emotion, more depression, and increased suicide attempts. We discuss why assumptions about the value of negative primals are nevertheless widespread and implications for future research.
Steady exercise improves hand grip and leg muscle strength in hemodialysis patients

Sarcopenia due to chronic inflammation and biochemical disturbances in chronic kidney disease is severer and more prevalent in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We longitudinally evaluated the hand grip strength (HGS) and leg muscle strength (LMS) and evaluated the role of exercise in muscle strength in HD patients. We screened (January, n=127) and followed up (June, n=110 and December 2020, n=104). HGS and LMS at single center by using digital hand and leg dynamometer. HGS (24.2 kg vs. 15.5 kg) and LMS (32.8 kg vs. 22.5 kg) were better in men (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Older patients (≥60 years) showed decreased LMS than others in women (P=0.01). Patients who performed steady home- or hospital-based exercise showed marginally higher HGS (23.1 kg vs. 19.8 kg, P=0.07) and significantly higher LMS (33.7 kg vs. 25.9 kg, P=0.004). Steady exercise improved LMS throughout the study period (30.3 kg vs. 33.2 kg from Jan to Jun 2020, P=0.004; 30.3 kg vs. 34.2 kg from Jan to Dec 2020, P=0.014). Multiple linear regression analysis proved steady exercise was independently associated with better HGS and LMS. Steady exercise showed greater impact on LMS in male patients with longer HD vintage (≥44 months) and on HGS in younger male patients with shorter HD vintage (<44 months). Steady exercise was an important determinant of muscle strength in HD patients. We need to encourage patients to steadily perform regular home- or group-exercise before sarcopenia develops.
Convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant

The mutation profile of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant poses a concern for naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. We investigated the ability of prior infection with an early SARS-CoV-2, 99.99% identical to Wuhan-Hu-1, to protect against disease caused by the Omicron variant. We established that infection with Omicron in naïve Syrian hamsters resulted in a less severe disease than a comparable dose of prototype SARS-CoV-2 (Australia/VIC01/2020), with fewer clinical signs and less weight loss. We present data to show that these clinical observations were almost absent in convalescent hamsters challenged with the same dose of Omicron 50 days after an initial infection with Australia/VIC01/2020. The data provide evidence for immunity raised against prototype SARS-CoV-2 being protective against Omicron in the Syrian hamster model. Further investigation is required to conclusively determine whether Omicron is less pathogenic in Syrian hamsters and whether this is predictive of pathogenicity in humans.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly

Cardiovascular diseases create an important burden on the public health systems, especially in the elderly, mostly because this group of patients frequently suffer from multiple comorbidities. Accumulating cardiovascular risk factors during their lifetime has a detrimental effect on an older adult‘s health status. The modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are very diverse, and are frequently in a close relationship with the metabolic comorbidities of the elderly, mainly obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. In this review, we aim to present the most important cardiovascular risk factors which link aging and cardiovascular diseases, starting from the pathophysiological links between these factors and the aging process. Next, we will further review the main interconnections between obesity and Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases of the elderly. Lastly, we consider the most important aspects related to prevention through lifestyle changes and physical activity on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
D2D: a robust transient thermography NDT technique for real-time in-field measurements

Not always during in-field measurements it is possible to reproduce laboratory conditions. This is especially true in thermography-based techniques which are most likely to be affected by unwanted external heat fluxes. Typical examples of parasitic heat sources may be spatial heater unevenness, reflections, heater power variations in time, real external heat flux sources, specimen curvature variation, misplacement of heater effects, etc. These heat sources contribute to reduce the overall SNR. As a consequence, a technique perfectly working in laboratory, when ported to field environment may not yield the expected results. Moreover the repeatability of the measurement is not ensured due to the randomness of these sources. D2D is a transient thermography technique based on moving a linear heater over a specimen's surface and recording the thermal evolution of the hated surface by means of a thermal imager.
Influence of Posttreatment Irrigation Timings and Herbicide Placement on Bermudagrass and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Response to Low-Dose Topramezone and Metribuzin Programs

Abstract Immediate posttreatment irrigation has been proposed as a method to reduce hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy] phytotoxicity from topramezone. Immediate irrigation is impractical, because it would take a turfgrass sprayer 10 to 15 min to cover an average golf course fairway or athletic field. There is also insufficient evidence regarding how posttreatment irrigation, immediate or otherwise, influences mature goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ] control from topramezone or low-dose topramezone plus metribuzin programs. We sought to investigate bermudagrass and E. indica response to immediate, 15-min, and 30-min posttreatment irrigation compared with no irrigation following topramezone at 12.3 g ae ha–1, the lowest labeled rate, or topramezone at 6.1 g ha–1 plus metribuzin at 210 g ai ha–1. We also evaluated placement of each herbicide and their combination on soil, foliage, and soil plus foliage to help elucidate the mechanisms involved in differential responses between species and herbicide mixtures. Responses were largely dependent on trial due to bermudagrass injury from high-dose topramezone being nearly eliminated by immediate irrigation in one trial and only slightly affected in another. When posttreatment irrigation was postponed for 15 or 30 min, topramezone alone injured bermudagrass unacceptably in both trials. Bermudagrass was injured less by low-dose topramezone plus metribuzin than by high-dose topramezone. All posttreatment irrigation timings reduced E. indica control compared with no posttreatment irrigation. The herbicide placement study suggested that topramezone control of E. indica is highly dependent on foliar uptake and that phytotoxicity of both bermudagrass and E. indica is greater from topramezone than metribuzin. Thus, posttreatment irrigation likely reduces topramezone rate load with a concomitant effect on plant phytotoxicity of both species. Metribuzin reduced 21-d cumulative clipping weight and tiller production of plants, and this may be a mechanism by which it reduces foliar white discoloration from topramezone.
Validación de la Versión Española de la Escala de Compromiso Académico para Educación Primaria

El interés por el estudio del compromiso académico del estudiante se encuentra actualmente en auge dentro del ámbito de la investigación educativa. Existe un consenso en la literatura científica que lo considera un constructo multifacético conformado por tres dimensiones: compromiso conductual, afectivo/emocional y cognitivo; aunque han surgido otras voces que defienden la inclusión de un cuarto elemento: el compromiso agéntico. A pesar de los avances conseguidos a nivel internacional, en España se carece de instrumentos válidos para su medición durante la Educación Primaria. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio se centró en realizar una validación y adaptación transcultural al contexto español de dos importantes instrumentos de medida del compromiso académico para Educación Primaria. Tras seguir un proceso de adaptación, el instrumento se administró a una muestra de 527 estudiantes (54.3% chicos, 45.7% chicas) de 3º a 6º de Educación Primaria de seis centros educativos de la provincia de Albacete (España). Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios, en base a diferentes modelos plausibles para obtener la estructura factorial más adecuada, y análisis de fiabilidad. Los resultados revelaron que los modelos que agrupaban al compromiso agéntico de manera separada frente a las otras tres dimensiones alcanzaban mejores niveles de ajuste, siendo esta la opción más adecuada. Se constata que el instrumento resultante, Escala de Compromiso Académico para alumnado de Educación Primaria, es válido y fiable para la medición de este constructo en alumnado español escolarizado entre 3º y 6º de Educación Primaria.
Display Magnification for Simulated Landing Approaches

Previous discussions of simulated landings suggest that biases not found during aircraft flight are induced by one or more features of a simulator. Inadequate representation of texture or of ground detail and distortions in judgments of size from near accommodation to a display are two of the factors that have been thought to contribute to these biases. Addition of surface detail and magnification of the display have been suggested as corrective solutions. The research reported here was a preliminary investigation of the effects of factors that might induce biased landing approaches in a simulator and of a procedure for calibrating a simulator to eliminate biases. Scene content, display magnification, runway size, and start point all influenced glideslope control. With an appropriate start point and appropriate runway dimensions, there was a close correspondence between performance in an aircraft and performance in a simulator in which the display magnification had been set at unity and in which a moderat.
Changes in Vaccine Hesitancy in Japan across Five Months during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Related Factors

Although vaccination is a particularly important countermeasure against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), vaccine hesitancy may be a barrier to an effective vaccination program. It is understood that attitude towards vaccines is not a simple binominal decision between hesitancy and acceptance, but a continuum with a wide range of related factors. It is also likely to change depending on the present situation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine changes in vaccination attitudes across a five-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors associated with these changes. We conducted a web-based survey with 1000 participants in Japan in September 2021 and examined the relationship between attitudes regarding vaccination and sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychological variables. In addition, we also retrospectively asked for vaccination attitudes as of April 2021. Over the course of five months, we found that vaccine acceptance rates increased from 40.6% to 85.5%. Health-related behaviors such as regular influenza vaccination and medical checkups were consistently associated with vaccine acceptance. Moreover, psychological variables, such as anxiety and risk perception, were associated with changes in vaccination attitudes. As these attitudes can vary depending on time and circumstances, continuous interdisciplinary efforts are required to ensure effective vaccine programs.
Human Factors Design Considerations for Variable Message Freeway Signs

Variable message signs are used as part of freeway management systems to provide drivers with real-time information on roadway and traffic conditions. Fiber optics and light emitting diodes are two emerging technologies currently being marketed for use as variable message signs. As these technologies become increasingly used in freeway management systems, it is important that drivers be able to read and to comprehend their messages. This paper presents data on legibility distance, target value, and viewing comfort measured by observers as part of a comprehensive human-factors study of two light emitting diode and four shuttered fiber-optic variable message signs in Phoenix, Ariz. Data for these parameters are given for an older and a younger group of observers. The presentation of these data leads to a discussion on design considerations for fiber-optic and light emitting diode variable message signs.
Ultra‐wide band microwave filter utilizing quarter‐wavelength short‐circuited stubs

Five poles quarter‐wave short‐circuited stubs is designed and developed to support the ultra‐wide band (UWB) applications. The filter, with a total size of 41 mm × 12 mm operates within 2.7–9.83 GHz, produces a fractional bandwidth of greater than 100%. The filter is fabricated on RT/Duroid 5880 board with thickness of 0.508 mm. Measured results indicate that the filter, consisting of five short‐circuited stubs, and a stepped impedance transmission line can cover up to 114% bandwidth within UWB frequency range with insertion loss (S21) better than 1.27 dB. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2981–2983, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23830