Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gett’n on the bus: evaluation of Sentinel City®3.0 virtual simulation in community/population health clinical placement

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this project was to implement and evaluate the integration of a computer-based virtual simulation program into a community clinical course as an alternative or complement to conventional clinical with agencies or neighbourhoods. Securing quality community health clinical opportunities for undergraduate nursing students remains challenging. In addition, evidence of a theory-practice gap in community clinical education, particularly in non-traditional settings, suggests that nurse educators need to adopt different pedagogies to ensure that students will gain competencies necessary to practice community/population health nursing. In response, we piloted the use of Sentinel City®3.0, a virtual reality simulation program. Method A 5-point Likert-style questionnaire was administered to students randomly assigned to different clinical placements. Results Results indicated that there were no learning outcomes in which students in Sentinel City®3.0 reported percentages lower than students in agencies or geographical neighbourhoods. When there were statistically significant differences, students engaged in Sentinel City®3.0 performed better than students in other experiences. Conclusion We recommend further exploration of multi-contextual pedagogies for community clinical.
Human milk microbiota development during lactation and its relation to maternal geographic location and gestational hypertensive status

ABSTRACT Bacteria in human milk could directly seed the infant intestinal microbiota, while information about how milk microbiota develops during lactation and how geographic location, gestational hypertensive status, and maternal age influence this process is limited. Here, we collected human milk samples from mothers of term infants at the first day, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks postpartum from 117 longitudinally followed-up mothers (age: 28.7 ± 3.6 y) recruited from three cities in China. We found that milk microbial diversity and richness were the highest in colostrum but gradually decreased over lactation. Microbial composition changed across lactation and exhibited more discrete compositional patterns in 2-week and 6-week milk samples compared with colostrum samples. At phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria increased during lactation, while Firmicutes showed the opposite trend. At genus level, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Lactobacillus were predominant in colostrum samples and showed distinct variations across lactation. Maternal geographic location was significantly associated with the milk microbiota development and the abundance of predominant genus. In addition, milk from mothers with gestational prehypertension had a different and less diverse microbial community at genus level in early lactation times, and contained less Lactobacillus in the 2-week milk samples than those from normotensive mothers. Findings of our study outlined the human milk microbial diversity and community development over lactation, and underscored the importance of maternal geographic locations and gestational hypertensive status on milk microbiota, which might have important implications in the establishment of the infant intestinal microbiota via breastfeeding.
Circulating mir-21 and mir-146a are associated with increased cytokines and CD36 in Algerian obese male participants

Abstract Background The microRNAs have come up as crucial mediators of energy balance and metabolic control. CD36 is potential biomarker of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the concentration of miR-146a and miR-21 and CD 36 in blood samples of obese and healthy young participants. We assessed the association of mir-146a and mir-21 with inflammatory states in Algerian young participants. Methods Our study included male obese, without co-morbidities (n = 29), and healthy participants (n = 13). miRNA and CD36 expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR, respectively, in serum and blood. Results miR-146a and miR-21 concentrations were significantly decreased; however, CD36 expression was increased in obese subjects. Interestingly, miR-146a and miR-21 concentrations were negatively correlated to IL-6, TNF-α, and CD36 in obese participants. Conclusion We demonstrate that the downregulation of miR-146a and miR-21 was associated with upregulation of inflammatory state and increased CD36 expression in obese participants.
Ribavirin inhibits Chandipura virus replication in Vero cells

Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging tropical pathogen in India. The virus has been reported to be associated with an acute encephalitis syndrome in young children with a case fatality rate of 55% to 75%. Clinical management with symptomatic treatment is the only option available to treat infected patients. No vaccines are available for prophylaxis. In light of the prophylactic limitations, antiviral therapy would play an important role in control of CHPV infection. In the present study, ribavirin (RBV), an antiviral drug widely accepted for human use and having an antiviral effect on many RNA and DNA viruses, was tested against the CHPV. A screening assay that scores for the virus‐mediated plaque formation in the cultured Vero cells was used. RBV exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 89.84 ± 1.8 µM. The drug was very effective when the cells were treated either within an hour postinfection or 4 to 6 hours before infection. The plaque morphology was different in RBV treated cells; the plaques were smaller in size as compared with the plaques in the virus infected cells. The study reports the antiviral activity of RBV against CHPV, and hence, suggests the possible utility of RBV in CHPV infected patients to mitigate the disease. A further clinical trial is needed before introducing the drug for human use against CHPV infection.
αvβ8 integrin adhesion and signaling pathways in development, physiology and disease

ABSTRACT Cells must interpret a complex milieu of extracellular cues to modulate intracellular signaling events linked to proliferation, differentiation, migration and other cellular processes. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton and control intracellular signaling events. A great deal is known about the structural and functional properties for most integrins; however, the adhesion and signaling pathways controlled by αvβ8 integrin, which was discovered nearly 30 years ago, have only recently been characterized. αvβ8 integrin is a receptor for ECM-bound forms of latent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) proteins and promotes the activation of TGFβ signaling pathways. Studies of the brain, lung and immune system reveal that the αvβ8 integrin–TGFβ axis mediates cell–cell contact and communication within complex multicellular structures. Perturbing components of this axis results in aberrant cell–cell adhesion and signaling leading to the initiation of various pathologies, including neurodegeneration, fibrosis and cancer. As discussed in this Review, understanding the functions for αvβ8 integrin, its ECM ligands and intracellular effector proteins is not only an important topic in cell biology, but may lead to new therapeutic strategies to treat human pathologies related to integrin dysfunction. Summary: αvβ8 integrin is essential for normal organ development and physiology and integrin dysfunction is linked to multiple human diseases.
Intellectual humility’s association with vaccine attitudes and intentions

ABSTRACT Vaccinations are critical to public health but uptake levels remain suboptimal. Intellectual humility, a virtue characterized by nonjudgmental recognition of one’s own intellectual fallibility, may support the promotion of favorable vaccine attitudes. The current study investigated whether intellectual humility is related to anti-vaccination attitudes and intentions to vaccinate against the flu. Through an online survey management system, participants (N = 246, Mage = 39.06 years, SDage = 10.57, 50.80% female, 79.20% White, 6.50% Black/African American, 7.80% Asian, 1.20% Hispanic/Latino, and 5.30% Other) completed a measure for intellectual humility, the anti-vaccination attitudes (VAX) scale, and a three-item flu vaccine intention scale. We found that intellectual humility negatively correlated with anti-vaccination attitudes. This correlation was largely driven by openness to revising one’s viewpoint and lack of intellectual overconfidence. Additionally, we found that intellectual humility did not relate to flu vaccination intentions. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings and their potential to support the eventual development of strategies to leverage intellectual humility into a health promotion strategy.
Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with reduced risk of hip osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract Although the positive correlation between serum uric acid (UA) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in the general population, there are little data regarding the effect of serum UA levels on bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated whether increased serum UA levels were associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with RA. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 447 postmenopausal female patients with RA and 200 age-matched, postmenopausal healthy controls underwent BMD examination by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and serum UA levels measurement. Osteoporosis was diagnosed when the T-score was <−2.5. The median UA level in postmenopausal RA patients was found to be significantly lower than that in the healthy women (4 vs 4.1 mg/dL, P = .012) and the frequency of osteoporosis incidence in the lumbar spine, hip, and either site in RA patients was 25.5%, 15.9%, and 32.5%, respectively; the values were significantly higher than those of the controls. After adjusting for confounding factors, a significantly lower risk for osteoporosis of the hip in RA patients was observed within the highest quartile (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16–0.72, P = .021) and the second highest quartile (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.2–0.95, P = .038) of serum UA levels as compared with the lowest quartile, but this association was not found to be consistent with respect to the lumbar spine. Serum UA levels also showed an independently positive correlation with femoral neck BMD (β = 0.0104, P = .01) and total hip BMD (β = 0.0102, P = .017), but not with lumbar BMD. Our data suggest that UA may exert a protective effect on bone loss in RA, especially in the hip.
Semantic reversal anomalies under the microscope: Task and modality influences on language‐associated event‐related potentials

Semantic reversal anomalies (SRAs)—sentences where an implausibility is created by reversing participant roles—have attracted much attention in the literature on the electrophysiology of language. In spite of being syntactically well formed but semantically implausible, these sentences unexpectedly elicited a monophasic P600 effect in English and Dutch rather than an N400 effect. Subsequent research revealed variability in the presence/absence of an N400 effect to SRAs depending on the language examined and the choice of verb type in English. However, most previous studies employed the same presentation modality (visual) and task (acceptability judgement). Here, we conducted two experiments and three statistical analyses to investigate the influence of stimulus modality, task demand and statistical choices on event‐related potential (ERP) response patterns to SRAs in English. We reproduced a previous study's procedure and analysis (N. Bourguignon et al. (2012) Brain and Language, 122, 179–189) and further introduced between‐subjects factors of task type and modality, using mixed‐effects modelling to analyse the data. We observed an N400 effect to typical English SRAs (agent subject verbs, e.g. “the fries will eat the boys”), which contrasts existing literature and was not predicted by existing theories that account for SRA processing. Task demand modulated the ERPs elicited by SRAs, while auditory presentation led to increased comprehension accuracy and a more broadly distributed ERP. Finally, the statistical methods used influenced the presence/absence of ERP effects. Our results suggest a sensitivity of language‐related ERP patterns to methodological parameters, and we conclude that future experiments should take this into careful consideration.
Association of salivary inflammatory biomarkers with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction. The adaptive immune response associated with T helper-2 lymphocytes appears to be altered in these patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the salivary levels of IL-6, 5 and 4 in patients with pSS when compared to a healthy control (HC) group. The secondary objectives were to study whether ILs levels in pSS patients were associated with salivary flow, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) for xerostomia and oral health quality of life (OHIP-14), pSS classification criteria and presence of extraglandular manifestations. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in 36 patients with pSS and 35 HCs. Cytokine levels were measured using high-sensitivity multiplex map human immunoassays. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were collected and patients filled out questionnaires. The U-Mann-Whitney test, chi-squared test and Spearman correlation test were used. RESULTS IL-6 was significantly higher in pSS patients than in HCs (p=0.0001). IL-6 was significantly higher in pSS patients with a positive salivary gland biopsy (p=0.04), whole stimulated saliva hyposalivation (p=0.02) and presence of musculoskeletal disorders (p=0.03). There was a non-significant positive correlation between IL-6 levels and PROMs for xerostomia (r=0.31; p=0.06) and OHIP-14 (r=0.07; p=0.68) in pSS patients. Levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in both pSS and HCs patients. CONCLUSIONS Salivary IL-6 levels are significantly associated with pSS patients and therefore, it is hypothesized that this biomarker may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease.
Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction After Noncardiac Surgery

Objective: To compare outcome after noncardiac surgery between HF patients with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction. Summary of Background Data: HF patients who undergo major noncardiac surgery have higher risks of morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. However, it is unclear whether HF subtypes confer different risk. Methods: This retrospective study included HF patients, 45 years or older, who underwent noncardiac surgery from January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2015 in the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to provide adjusted rates of postoperative outcomes. Hospital-level clustering and Nationwide Readmissions Database sampling weights were applied to all models. Results: Of the weighted 296,057 HF patients [HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) 48.1%; HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) 51.9%] who underwent noncardiac surgery, 41.1% had cardiopulmonary complications, 55.7% had noncardiopulmonary complications and 5.4% died during hospitalization. Thirty-day readmission rates for the weighted 232,852 HF patients was 21.5%. The adjusted odds ratios of cardiopulmonary and noncardiopulmonary complications, in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission for HFrEF compared to HFpEF patients were 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99–1.04], 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02–1.07), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.21–1.34), and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05–1.12), respectively. Conclusions: HFrEF patients have increased risks of noncardiopulmonary complications, mortality, and readmission after noncardiac surgery. These findings suggest that targeted perioperative care for HF subtypes may be crucial for the growing population of HF patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Despite cardiopulmonary complications not being statistically different between HF subtypes, given the high occurrence rate, any intervention to decrease the rate would be clinically meaningful.
Geriatric fragility fractures are associated with a human skeletal stem cell defect

Fragility fractures have a limited capacity to regenerate, and impaired fracture healing is a leading cause of morbidity in the elderly. The recent identification of a highly purified bona fide human skeletal stem cell (hSSC) and its committed downstream progenitor cell populations provides an opportunity for understanding the mechanism of age‐related compromised fracture healing from the stem cell perspective. In this study, we tested whether hSSCs isolated from geriatric fractures demonstrate intrinsic functional defects that drive impaired healing. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed and isolated hSSCs from callus tissue of five different skeletal sites (n = 61) of patients ranging from 13 to 94 years of age for functional and molecular studies. We observed that fracture‐activated amplification of hSSC populations was comparable at all ages. However, functional analysis of isolated stem cells revealed that advanced age significantly correlated with reduced osteochondrogenic potential but was not associated with decreased in vitro clonogenicity. hSSCs derived from women displayed an exacerbated functional decline with age relative to those of aged men. Transcriptomic comparisons revealed downregulation of skeletogenic pathways such as WNT and upregulation of senescence‐related pathways in young versus older hSSCs. Strikingly, loss of Sirtuin1 expression played a major role in hSSC dysfunction but re‐activation by trans‐resveratrol or a small molecule compound restored in vitro differentiation potential. These are the first findings that characterize age‐related defects in purified hSSCs from geriatric fractures. Our results provide a foundation for future investigations into the mechanism and reversibility of skeletal stem cell aging in humans.
Antibiotic Susceptibility of NDM-Producing Enterobacterales Collected in the United States in 2017 and 2018

The treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing bacteria, is challenging. Although less common in the United States than some other carbapenemase producers, NDM-producing bacteria are a public health threat due to the limited treatment options available. Here, we report on the antibiotic susceptibility of 275 contemporary NDM-producing Enterobacterales collected from 30 U. ABSTRACT The treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, especially New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing bacteria, is challenging. Although less common in the United States than some other carbapenemase producers, NDM-producing bacteria are a public health threat due to the limited treatment options available. Here, we report on the antibiotic susceptibility of 275 contemporary NDM-producing Enterobacterales collected from 30 U.S. states through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network. The aims of the study were to determine the susceptibility of these isolates to 32 currently available antibiotics using reference broth microdilution and to explore the in vitro activity of 3 combination agents that are not yet available. Categorical interpretations were determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) interpretive criteria. For agents without CLSI criteria, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interpretive criteria were used. The percentage of susceptible isolates did not exceed 90% for any of the FDA-approved antibiotics tested. The antibiotics with breakpoints that had the highest in vitro activity were tigecycline (86.5% susceptible), eravacycline (66.2% susceptible), and omadacycline (59.6% susceptible); 18.2% of isolates were susceptible to aztreonam. All NDM-producing isolates tested were multidrug resistant, and 116 isolates were extensively drug resistant (42.2%); 207 (75.3%) isolates displayed difficult-to-treat resistance. The difficulty in treating infections caused by NDM-producing Enterobacterales highlights the need for containment and prevention efforts to keep these infections from becoming more common.
Alterations in the Ocular Surface Microbiome in Traumatic Corneal Ulcer Patients

Purpose Corneal ulcers are a common eye inflammatory disease that can cause visual impairment or even blindness if not treated promptly. Ocular trauma is a major risk factor for corneal ulcers, and corneal trauma in agricultural work can rapidly progress to corneal ulcers. This study aims to evaluate the changes in the ocular surface (OS) microbiome of patients with traumatic corneal ulcer (TCU). Methods Among 20 healthy control (HC) subjects and 22 patients with TCU, 42 eyes were examined to investigate the OS microbial flora using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Results At the taxonomic composition level, our findings showed that dysbiosis (alterations in richness and community structure) occurs in the OS microbiome of patients with TCU. Notably, Pseudomonas was present at a greater than 30% relative abundance in all individuals in the TCU group. At the species level, the abundance of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly elevated in the TCU group compared to the HC group. At the functional level, we identified significant differences in the HC and TCU groups. We observed that inflammation-related pathways involved in bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly, and biofilm formation were significantly more abundant in the TCU group. Besides, the pathways related to biosynthesis, degradation, and metabolism were also increased significantly in the TCU group. Conclusions These findings indicate an altered OS microbiome in the affected eyes of patients with TCU. Further research is needed to determine whether these alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of TCU or impact disease progression.
Epidemiological features and viral shedding in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

A pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection broke out all over the world; however, epidemiological data and viral shedding in pediatric patients are limited. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study, and followed‐up with all children from the families with SARS‐CoV‐2 infected members in Zhejiang Province, China. All infections were confirmed by testing the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA with real‐time reverse transcription PCR method, and epidemiological data between children and adults in the same families were compared. Effect of antiviral therapy was evaluated observationally and fecal‐viral excretion times among groups with different antiviral regiments were compared with Kaplan‐Meier plot. By 29 February 2020, 1298 cases from 883 families were confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 314 of which were families with children. Incidence of infection in child close contacts was significantly lower than that in adult contacts (13.2% vs 21.2%). The mean age of 43 pediatric cases was 8.2 years and mean incubation period was 9.1 days. Forty (93.0%) were family clustering. Thirty‐three children had coronavirus disease 2019 (20 pneumonia) with mild symptoms and 10 were asymptomatic. Fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection was positive in 91.4% (32/35) cases and some children had viral excretion time over 70 days. Viral clearance time was not different among the groups treated with different antiviral regiments. No subsequent infection was observed in family contacts of fecal‐viral‐excreting children. Children have lower susceptibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, longer incubation, and fecal‐viral excretion time. Positive results of fecal SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection were not used as indication for hospitalization or quarantine.