Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of fungicides with Trichoderma harzianum

Laboratory experiment was conducted to test the possibility of combining Trichoderma harzianum a potential bio-control agent with fungicides commonly recommended viz., captan, thiram, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl for seed treatment against soil borne diseases. Maximum inhibition (100%) was recorded with carbendazim @ 0.1 and 0.2 per cent concentration at 24 hrs. incubation followed by 96.88 and 88.44 per cent inhibition at 24 hrs. with thiophanate methyl @ 0.1 and 0.2 per cent concentration, respectively. All the tested concentrations of captan and thiram @ 0.1 and 0.2 per cent concentration at 72 hrs. incubation period recorded less than 20 per cent inhibition of T. harzianum.
In vitro Antihemolytic Activity of Gymnema Sylvestre Extracts Against Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Induced Haemolysis in Human Erythrocytes

Gymnema sylvestre ( Asclepiadaceae) is a good source of large number of bioactive substances. It has deep roots in history, being one of the major botanicals used in traditional medicine to treat conditions ranging from diabetes, malaria, to snakebites. This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate anti-haemolytic activity of aqueous extract of stem, leaf and flower parts of this plant, against hydrogen peroxide induced haemolysis using human erythrocyte in an in vitro assay. Prior to the addition of H 2 O 2 to induce haemolysis, different concentrations (50-500 mg/ml) of the extract was added to 2ml of 4% erythrocyte suspension and allowed to incubate for 5 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was centrifuged and the colour density of the supernatant was measured spectrophotometrically. Quercetin was used as standard. The percentage haemolysis and IC 50 values were calculated. The extracts were potent against haemolysis of the erythrocyte in concentration dependent manner. The leaf extract exhibited the highest anti-haemolytic effect with IC 50 = 29.83 mg/ml followed by the flower with IC 50 = 34.96 mg/ml and the least was the stem with IC 50 = 37.75 mg/ml. the IC 50 value of Quercetin was 386.72 mg/ml. The lower the IC 50 the more protection offered against haemolysis by the extracts. These results suggest that the plant extracts are better anti-haemolytic agents and offered significant biological action compared with standard compound used.
Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes

Working life is becoming more mentally demanding and intense due to technological acceleration. The present study explored employees’ experiences of different mental job demands (MJDs) and their outcomes (job burnout, job performance, and meaning of work). We focused on intra- and inter-individual variations and possible harmful combinations of MJDs, which we explored via latent profile analysis (LPA). To identify harmful combinations of MJDs, we also investigated how the profiles of MJDs related to the outcomes of interest. The study was based on a diverse sample of Finnish employees (n = 4,583). LPA showed that both intra-individual and inter-individual variation characterized MJDs as we identified five latent profiles of MJDs. The most harmful profile, which predicted the most negative outcomes (particularly job burnout), was characterized by employees’ scoring high on all MJDs. A profile characterized by low learning demands and moderate level of other MJDs was also a harmful combination in terms of outcomes. In contrast, a profile characterized by moderate level of learning demands and low level of other MJDs did not relate to negative outcomes. Altogether, the findings suggest that different MJDs may co-occur implying risks to employee well-being and performance. However, MJDs simultaneously form a complex spectrum that may differ within and between individuals.
Walk before you jump: new insights on early frog locomotion from the oldest known salientian

Abstract. Understanding the evolution of a Bauplan starts with discriminating phylogenetic signal from adaptation and the latter from exaptation in the observed biodiversity. Whether traits have predated, accompanied, or followed evolution of particular functions is the basic inference to establish the type of explanations required to determine morphological evolution. To accomplish this, we focus in a particular group of vertebrates, the anurans. Frogs and toads have a unique Bauplan among vertebrates, with a set of postcranial features that have been considered adaptations to jumping locomotion since their evolutionary origin. This interpretation is frequently stated but rarely tested in scientific literature. We test this assumption reconstructing the locomotor capabilities of the earliest known salientian, Triadobatrachus massinoti. This extinct taxon exhibits a mosaic of features that have traditionally been considered as representing an intermediate stage in the evolution of the anuran Bauplan, some of which were also linked to jumping skills. We considered T. massinoti in an explicit evolutionary framework by means of multivariate analyses and comparative phylogenetic methods. We used length measurements of major limb bones of 188 extant limbed amphibians (frogs and salamanders) and lizards as a morphological proxy of observed locomotor behavior. Our findings show that limb data correlate with locomotion, regardless of phylogenetic relatedness, and indicate that salamander-like lateral undulatory movements were the main mode of locomotion of T. massinoti. These results contrast with recent hypotheses and indicate that derived postcranial features that T. massinoti shared with anurans might have been later co-opted as exaptations in jumping frogs.
Breeding Colony Fidelity and Long-term Reproductive History of Individually Marked Wild Grey Herons

Site ﬁdelity to the colony and breeding histories of individual Grey Herons Ardea cinerea were examined by intensive and long-term (nine years) observations of 50 ﬂedglings and 19 adult birds banded with colour-patterned rings in a single-species colony in suburban Tokyo. In total, 38 (76.0 ％ ) of 50 marked ﬂedglings were never resighted in the natal colony. Of the 12 returning birds, four (33.3 ％ ) began to breed at 2-years-old, two (16.7 ％ ) at 3-years-old, one (8.3 ％ ) at 4-years-old, and ﬁve (41.7 ％ ) never bred. Two birds survived after 9 years from ﬂedging. In total, 18 (94.7 ％ ) of 19 adult birds were resighted in the next breeding season and most of them (15/18) bred there. Birds tend to stay at the same breeding colony once they had returned. Some birds exhibited site ﬁdelity to the breeding nest every year, but others did not. Pair bonds remained stable in four pairs throughout years until one individual in a pair was lost. The number of chicks ﬂedged per nest did not change with the age of the parent. Two broods in the same breeding season were observed in 7 (9.0 ％ ) of 78 nests, in which at least one parent was marked. The maximum number of ﬂedglings produced by a single male over the 9 years was 22. Of 23 birds that were resident for more than two years, four birds (all females) continued to stay at the colony site after the breeding season. However, 19 birds (eight males, three females, eight unsexed) left the colony after the late breeding season and were observed in outside locations, particularly at ﬁxed feeding sites. The maximum distance of resighted, marked ﬂedglings was 1,580 km southwest of the colony, 54 days after release.
Vimentin Expression in Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Exacerbated Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps

Abstract Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate vimentin expression in inflamed nasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Material and Methods. We measured concentrations of MMP-9 in blood serum of twenty patients with CRSsNP using ELISA and compared them with the control group composed of twenty healthy subjects. Vimentin expression in nasal mucosa was studied by an immunohistochemical method. Results. Blood serum levels of MMP-9 were found to be elevated in patients with CRSsNP. The disease was also associated with the upregulation of vimentin expression both in the lamina propria and nasal epithelial layer. Conclusion. CRSsNP is accompanied by a higher number of vimentin-expressing cells in the nasal epithelium, which may indicate their epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We speculate that MMP-9 may contribute to the increased rate of EMT of nasal epithelial cells in CRSsNP.
Influence of Leaf Pubescence on Ovipositional Preference of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Soybean

The influence of pubescence on oviposition site selection by Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [also known as the B strain of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] was studied in greenhouse and laboratory bioassays using soybean, Glycine max L. , isolines varying for foliar pubescence. In choice tests, whiteflies laid significantly more eggs on the hirsute and pubescent isolines than on the glabrous isoline. In no-choice tests, the within-plant distribution of eggs laid on the 3 isolines differed and was related to trichome density. On glabrous soybean, more eggs were laid on the 2 oldest and 2 youngest leaves. On the 2 hairy isolines, more eggs were laid on the 3 oldest leaves and fewer eggs were laid on the younger leaves, which had the highest densities of trichomes. When whiteflies were confined in petri dish-clip cages attached to plants with a choice between 2 leaflets, either from 2 different isolines or within a single isoline, no preference for pubescent over glabrous soybean was seen nor did removal of hairs by shaving affect ovipositional preference. However, significantly more eggs were laid on hirsute soybean than on glabrous soybean in between isoline choice tests. In addition, shaved hirsute leaflets were less preferred for oviposition than hirsute leaflets in within-isoline choice tests. It is likely that the partial resistance of glabrous soybean observed in the field is caused, in part, by reduced ovipositional preference related to lack of foliar pubescence. However, the effect of trichomes on ovipositional preference is less pronounced when whiteflies are closely confined with host plants.
FEEDING RATES OF SEALS AND WHALES

SUMMARY (1) The hypothesis that rates of food consumption by marine mammals are similar to those of terrestrial mammals was tested by comparing rates of food consumption of nongrowing and growing, juvenile and adult pinnipeds (Carnivora: Caniformia) and whales (Cetacea) to terrestrial Carnivora of known mass. (2) Daily maintenance rates of energy ingestion for adult pinnipeds were not significantly different from those of adult terrestrial carnivores but were about 28% lower than those of terrestrial carnivores with the mustelids excluded. Apparent differences in energy requirements of phocid and otariid seals appeared to result from differences in activity among the experimental animals available for comparison. Data on energy required by cetaceans for maintenance were not available. (3) Among pinnipeds, there was no significant difference in the rates of energy ingested by growing juvenile phocid seals and growing juvenile otariids. Growing juvenile phocids ingested about 1 38 times more energy than juvenile phocid seals at maintenance. The latter required about 1-40 times more energy for maintenance than adult phocids of similar size. (4) The rate of energy ingestion by growing juvenile pinnipeds was relatively higher than for the juvenile terrestrial carnivores sampled. This result appears to arise from differences in body masses and growth rates represented by the two samples rather than from any fundamental differences between juvenile pinnipeds and terrestrial carnivores. (5) Rate of biomass consumption, although frequently used as a measure of food consumption, is not particularly appropriate in comparative studies because it neglects differences in the energy content of food. Nonetheless, the 95% confidence region for rates of biomass ingestion in relation to body mass in marine mammals (seals and whales) included most of the estimates for biomass ingestion rates of terrestrial carnivores held in
Response of post-harvest chemical treatments on shelf-life and quality of custard apple cv. Balanagar

The custard apple fruits were subjected to various post-harvest chemical treatments, viz., GA3 50 ppm, NAA 100 ppm, kinetin 10 ppm and control (no chemical). The results revealed that NAA 100 ppm as well as GA3 50 ppm were found most effective in extending the shelf-life, respectively over control (by 1.75 and 1.42 days), while they helped in maintaining the marketability and tended to reduce the fruit weight loss. The level of acidity and ascorbic acid decreased, while reducing and total sugars increased with advancement of storage period. Application of NAA 100 ppm was more economical than other chemicals.
Cloning and expression of the M-gene from the human coronavirus NL-63 in different expression systems

ix Publication of Research xii Acknowledgements xiv Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Coronaviruses 1.2. 1. Basic structure 1.2. 2. Genome structure 1.2. 3. Structural proteins 1.2. 3.1. Spike protein (S) 1.2. 3.2. Nucleocapsid protein (N) 1.2. 3.3. Envelope protein (E) 1.2. 3.4. Membrane protein (M) 1.2. 4. Replication and life cycle 1.3. Human Coronavirus NL63 2 5
Field-Scale Tebuthiuron Application on Brush-Infested Rangeland

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} to treat brush-infested arid rangeland under field-scale conditions. A 130-ha tract in southern New Mexico dominated by creosotebush [Larrea tridentata (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Coville #3 LARTR) was treated with pelleted tebuthiuron at 0.4 kg ai/ha. After the fourth season following treatment, control of creosotebush, honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. #PRCJG), and tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC. # FLOCE) was 87, 48, and 100%, respectively. Total shrub density was reduced from 4440 plants/ha to 570 plants/ha. Grass basal area increased from 1.1 to 3.4%. The treatment did not affect forbs greatly. Total herbaceous above-ground biomass production in the fourth season after treatment was 860 kg/ha compared to 140 kg/ha on an adjacent untreated area. Perennial grass production was nearly 11-fold greater on the treated area than on the untreated area.
Clutch size manipulation in the Pied Flycatcher : effects on nestling growth, parental care and moult

To study parental responses during the incubation and nestling periods, nestling growth and adult moult, two eggs were either removed from or added to Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca clutches shortly after clutch completion. Incubation period and hatching success did not differ between experimental groups. In the enlarged group the rate of male incubation feeding of the female was higher than in the other groups. Fledgling mass and tarsus length were negatively related to the experimental change in clutch size, and this effect arose entirely in the first four days after hatching. The results suggest that the embryo development during the incubation period and nestling growth during the first days after hatching are important for the subsequent nestling growth and should be taken into account when analysing the results of brood size manipulations. Fledging and breeding success, fledgling mass and tarsus length differed between experimental groups with lower values in the enlarged group. There was an effect of experimental treatment on female and male feeding rates, with higher number of feeding visits in the enlarged group. The onset of adult moult was related to calendar date and there was no effect of the experiment on the proportion of birds moulting at any given time. At least in this population, moult may not be a mechanism mediating costs of reproduction.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cost-effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine in Low-Income and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

Abstract Background Rotavirus causes morbidity and mortality in children particularly in low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in LICs and LMICs. Methods Relevant studies were identified from PubMed and Scopus from their inception to January 2019. Studies were eligible if they assessed the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in children in LICs and LMICs and reported incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Risk of bias and quality assessment was assessed based on the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard checklist. Incremental net benefits (INBs) were estimated, and meta-analysis based on the DerSimonian and Laird method was applied to pool INBs across studies. Results We identified 1614 studies, of which 28 studies (29 countries) were eligible and conducted using cost-utility analysis in LICs (n = 8) and LMICs (n = 21). The pooled INB was estimated at $62.17 (95% confidence interval, $7.12–$117.21) in LICs, with a highly significant heterogeneity (χ2 = 33.96; df = 6; P < .001; I2 = 82.3%), whereas the pooled INB in LMICs was $82.46 (95% confidence interval, $54.52–$110.41) with no heterogeneity (χ2 = 8.46; df = 11; P = .67; I2 = 0%). Conclusions Rotavirus vaccine would be cost-effective to introduce in LICs and LMICs. These findings could aid decision makers and provide evidence for introduction of rotavirus vaccination.
Efficiency performance of paddy farming in east and west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Paddy farming activity is in full swing in both east and west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, this was due to rice is a staple food for Malaysian and national food security. This study examined technical efficiency of paddy farming in east and west coast of Peninsular Malaysia by using data envelopment analysis. Besides, this study also attempted to investigate determinants of inefficiency by using Tobit regression. Information was collected through direct survey interview on a sample of 230 paddy farmers from Peninsular Malaysia. Average efficiency scores of paddy farming for the whole of Peninsular Malaysia, east and west coast had been estimated at 55.6, 51.7 and 63.1%, respectively. The variable tractor had been found positively and significantly affected inefficiency in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. On the other hand, inefficiency was found significantly and negatively affected by the variable seminar in the west coast. Efficiency performance of west coast in paddy farming was considered better off than the east coast. In brief, both east coast and west coast of Peninsular Malaysia had indicated relatively low efficiency performance. Encouragement of attending seminar in west coast of Peninsular Malaysia for regularly updating new technology and information should be done by authorities in order to improve efficiency performance of paddy farming.
Population dynamics of Gangetic major carps from the Sylhet basin, Bangladesh

Length-frequency based population dynamics and stock assessment studies of Catla catla (Ham.), Labeo rohita (Ham.), L. calbasu (Ham.) and Cirrhina mrigala (Ham.) were done from the Sylhet basin, Bangladesh using FiSAT software. Estimated fishing mortality and exploitation values of L. rohita, C. catla and L. calbasu were much higher than the optimum level of 0.5 and remarkably higher than Emax values which indicated that their stocks are under heavy fishing pressure. Mean annual catch of L. rohita, C. catla and L. calbasu were much higher than their maximum sustainable yield (MSY). The Lc/L and M/K values also confirm the above conclusion. C. mrigala was under optimum or near to optimum exploitation in both the years and their computed MSY values were almost close to their annual catch which indicated that the present level of fishing effort is optimum. Immediate necessary steps need to be taken for judicious and sustained exploitation by reducing the present fishing pressure gradually near to 0.82 for L. rohita, 1.07 for C. catla and 1.28 for L. calbasu. Fishing pressure and exploitation values for both L. rohita and L. calbasu were lower in the Sylhet basin as compared to the adjoining Mymensingh basin.
Blue Crab Population Ecology and Use by Foraging Whooping Cranes on the Texas Gulf Coast

Blue Crab Population Ecology and Use by Foraging Whooping Cranes on the Texas Gulf Coast. (December 2010) Danielle Marie Greer, B.S., University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point; M.S., Southern Illinois University, Carbondale Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. R. Douglas Slack In 2002, a proposal was submitted to divert water from the confluence of the Guadalupe and San Antonio Rivers to San Antonio, Texas. To investigate the potential impacts of diverting water from the Guadalupe Estuary, my research focused on the foraging ecology of the crane and population ecology of the blue crab, a documented crane food. During winters 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, I examined diets and optimal foraging patterns of territorial adult cranes at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas. To identify foods of greatest benefit to cranes, I used currencies of optimization to evaluate foraging gain, cost, and efficiency. Foraging benefit differed among foods, depending on the foraging currency used and resource targeted (e.g., energy). Wolfberry fruit, snails, and insects were consumed in the highest quantities, required the least foraging effort, and were generally associated with the highest foraging efficiency. Blue crabs and clams were important sources of protein and biomass. During September 2003-October 2005, I used novel artificial settlement substrates and modified methods of standard deployment to investigate the spatio-
Persicaria orientalis and Potentilla fragarioides Extracts Inhibit NF-κB Translocation and Nitric Oxide Production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (Po)와 Potentilla fragarioidesvar. major Maxim (Pf)의 추출물로 reactive oxygen species(ROS)와 같은 free radical의 억제를 통한 항염증 활성을 살펴보았다. 또한, Po와 Pf로 LPS를 처리한 murine macrophage RAW 264.7 세포에서 발생한 nitric oxide의 저해와 NF-κB의 핵으로 translocation의 저해를 살펴보았다. 3-morpholinosydnoniminehydrochloride (SIN-1) 50 μM에 의해 유도된 ROS의 Po에 의한 50% 저해값 (IC50)은 23.35±1.27 mg/mL, Pf에 의한 IC50은 8.46±1.22 mg/mL이었다. 또한, SIN-1 50 μM에 의해 유도된 peroxynitrite의 Po에 의한 IC50은 2.19±0.04 mg/mL, Pf에 의한 IC50은 0.80±0.02 mg/mL이었다. LPS 1 mg/mL을 처리한 RAW264.7 세포에서 Nitric oxide는 증가하였으나 Po와 Pf 추출물을 처리한 그룹에서 농도의존적, 유의적으로 감소하였다. Po추출물을 처리한 그룹의 Nitric oxide 생성량은 13.34±0.67 μM, Pf 추출물을 처리한 그룹의 Nitric oxide 생성량은 11.45±0. 57μM이었다. 또한, Po와 Pf 추출물은 LPS를 처리한 RAW 264.7세포에서 NF-κB의 핵으로의 translocation을 저해하였다. 그러므로, Po와 Pf는 항염증 소재로서의 가능성이 충분하다고 사료된다.
Treatment of canine hip dysplasia using triple pelvic osteotomy

In this study, triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) was carried out in a total of 22 dysplastic dogs, of which 9 were treated bilaterally and 13 unilaterally, and the position of the acetabulum was changed in a total of 31 hip joints using a special plate. It was established that, of the treated hip joints, 16 had severe, 12 medium and 3 mild dysplasia, the Norberg angle was between 70–92° and that the covering rate of the acetabulum over the femoral head changed between 5–42°. In the radiographs taken immediately a�er the operation, the covering rate of the acetabulum over the femoral head was determined to be very good in 25 hip joints (75% and over) and good in 6 joints (60–75%). In 5 cases, some of the screws holding the plate in place were seen to loosen in radiographs. However, this did not have any effect on the angle given to the acetabulum. In radiographs obtained 6–48 months later, degenerative joint disease was not encountered in 29 cases, with the exception of 2 cases. It was concluded that hip dysplasia, which is a hereditary disease, can be treated reasonably successfully in young dogs with TPO carried out before degenerative changes begin to occur in the joint.