Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running head: RHYTHM AND SYNTAX PROCESSING IN CHILDHOOD 1 Rhythm and Syntax Processing in School-Age Children

Scholars debate whether musical and linguistic abilities are associated or independent. In the present study, we examined whether musical rhythm skills predict receptive grammar proficiency in childhood. In Experiment 1, 7to 17-year-old children (N = 68) were tested on their grammar and rhythm abilities. In the grammar-comprehension task, children heard short sentences with subject-relative (e.g., “Boys that help girls are nice”) or object-relative (e.g., “Boys that girls help are nice”) clauses, and determined the gender of the individual performing the action. In the rhythm-discrimination test, children heard two short rhythmic sequences on each trial and decided if they were the same or different. Children with better performance on the rhythm task exhibited higher scores on the grammar test, even after holding constant age, music training, and maternal education. In Experiment 2, we replicated this finding with another group of same-age children (N = 96) while further controlling for working memory. Our data reveal, for the first time, an association between receptive grammar and rhythm perception in typically developing children. This finding is consistent with the view that music and language share neural resources for rule-based temporal processing.
The anatomical basis of mouse development

Introduction. The Early Stages: From Fertilization to Implantation. The Postimplantation Embryo. Postimplantation Extra-Embryonic Development. Early Organogenesis. The Transitional Tissues: The Neural Crest. Somites And Their Derivatives (muscles, dermis, and vertebrae). The Branchial Arch System. The Major Organ Systems: The Heart and its Associated Vascular System. The Limbs. The Urogenital System. The Gut and its Associated Tissues. The Mouth and Nose Region. The Brain and Spinal Cord. The Eye and the Ear. The Skull. The Indexes: Introduction. Table of Mouse and Rat Developmental Stages. The Tissues Present in Each Stage of Mouse Development. Index of First Occurrences of Tissues. Glossary. References. Author Index. Tissue Index. Subject Index. The Wiring (Lineage) Diagrams
Autophagic degradation of PML promotes susceptibility to HSV-1 by stress-induced corticosterone

Rationale: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that can cause a variety of clinical syndromes including mucocutaneous disease and HSV-1 encephalitis (HSE). Here, we characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to HSV-1 under stressful conditions. Methods: Restraint stress and corticosterone (CORT, a primary stress hormone) were respectively used to establish HSV-1 susceptible model in vivo and in vitro. Viral titers were determined by plaque assay. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qRT-PCR, H&E staining, IHC staining and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate virus-related protein expressions and detect the activation of autophagy. Loss- and gain-function assays, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) technique and autophagy agonist/antagonist treatments were applied in mechanistic experiments. Results: Restraint stress increased the susceptibility of mouse brain to HSV-1. Similarly, CORT treatment enhanced the susceptibility of neural cells to HSV-1. Furthermore, PML protein level in HSV-1 infected brain tissues and neural cells was remarkably decreased by stress treatment in vivo or CORT treatment in vitro, while its transcriptional level was not affected. Notably, a striking decline in protein expressions of ICP27 and gB was observed in PML-overexpressing cells, which was reversed by CORT treatment. By contrast, protein expression of gB was increased by knockdown with si-PML in virus-infected SH-SY5Y cells. We further discovered that CORT-driven PML degradation was dependent on the activation of autophagy in a ULK1-independent manner, rather than proteasome pathway. Bafilomycin A1 (BaF1) attenuated the augmentation effect of CORT on HSV-1 infection. The expressions of viral proteins were reduced in LC3-depleted cells, and the degradation of PML by CORT-induced autophagy was prevented in cells with LC3 knockdown by RNAi. Interestingly, PML was revealed to interact with the autophagic cargo receptor P62 and the autophagic effector protein LC3. Additionally, CORT failed to increase gB protein level when PML was silenced, providing direct evidence linking autophagic degradation of PML and CORT-induced virus susceptibility. Conclusion: Our results revealed that restraint stress/CORT increased HSV-1 susceptibility by delivering PML into autolysosomes for degradation. The results obtained from in vitro and in vivo models not only demonstrated the adverse effects of stress on HSV-1 infection, but also systematically investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. These discoveries broaden our understanding of the interplay between host and viruses, and a comprehensive understanding of the role of autophagy in viral infection will provide information for future development of innovative drugs against viral infection.
Results of Surgical Management of Highly Unstable Complex Distal Femur Fractures with Distal Femoral Locking Compression Plate Fixation: A Prospective Study of 58 Cases

Background: The optimal treatment of complex distal femur fractures always remains challenging and controversial. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of distal femoral locking compression plate (DF-LCP) in terms of functional outcome, and union rate for highly unstable or complex distal femurfractures and to determine the influencing factors of an unfavorable outcome. Methods: After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, 58 patients with complex distal femur were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with DF-LCP through lateral approach and as per standard protocol. The follow-up results were analyzed clinically and radiologically, using the “Schatzker and Lambert criteria” at once in a month for the first three months, once in three months upto one year and once in six months after that up to two years.
Reconfigurable Transmitarray With Near-Field Coupling to Gap Waveguide Array Antenna for Efficient 2-D Beam Steering

A novel array antenna architecture is proposed that can enable 2-D (full-space) radiation pattern control and efficient beam steering. This solution is based on a gap waveguide array antenna and a reconfigurable transmitarray (TA) that are coupled in the radiative near field. An equivalent two-port network model of the coupling mechanism is presented and validated numerically. The desired TA reconfiguration capability is realized by an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array of cavity-backed patch resonator elements, where two AlGaAs p-i-n diodes are integrated inside each element providing a 1-bit phase shift. The TA is implemented in an eight-layer printed circuit board (PCB), which includes radiating elements, fixed phase-shifting inner-stripline sections, impedance matching, and biasing circuitry. The combined antenna design is low profile (~1.7 wavelength) owing to the small separation between two arrays (~0.5 wavelength), as opposed to conventional TAs illuminated by a focal source. The design procedure of the proposed architecture is outlined, and the measured and simulated results are shown to be in good agreement. These results demonstrate 23.5–25.2 GHz −10-dB impedance bandwidth and 23.3–25.3 GHz 3-dB gain bandwidth, a beam-steering range of ±30° and ± 40° in the E- and the H-planes with the gain peak of 17.5 dBi, scan loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le3.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, and TA unit cell insertion loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le1.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, respectively.
Trepidation and time: an examination of anxiety and thoughts and feelings about the past, present, and future among adolescents

Abstract We examined relationships between general and specific anxiety symptoms and time perspective among adolescents and how these relationships varied by gender. Time perspective was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct and assessed with the following dimensions: time frequency, time attitudes, time orientation, and time relation. Multiple regression analyses indicated that participants (N = 771; Mage = 15.82, SD = 1.23; 54% female) with more anxiety (a) felt less positively about the present; (b) felt more negatively about the past, the present, and the future; and (c) thought the past was more important than the present and the future. Findings for specific anxiety subtypes were generally similar. Interactions between time perspective and gender indicated that more frequent thoughts about the past and the future may be associated with greater anxiety, especially for females. Results highlight the temporal qualities of anxiety and provide support for time perspective as a potential factor for understanding and supporting adolescents with anxiety.
Confidential manuscript submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Impacts of aerosol and environmental conditions on maritime and continental deep

25 A series of model simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of cloud 26 condensation nuclei (CCN) loading and convective available potential energy (CAPE) on 27 tropical maritime and mid-latitude continental deep convection. Dynamical downscaling from 28 global aerosol reanalysis was used to represent aerosol fields for the two convective regimes. 29 We describe a control run and multiple sensitivity experiments using a limited-area 30 model, employing spectral-bin cloud microphysics. The CCN loading is perturbed between the 31 target maritime and continental conditions, roughly 40 – 2000 cm at 850 hPa and 1% 32 supersaturation. Surface precipitation rates monotonically increase with increasing CCN loading 33 for both the maritime and continental situations, while these monotonic increases are disrupted in 34 the simulations with reduced CAPE. The increase in precipitation is in the form of convective 35 precipitation, at the expense of stratiform precipitation. 36 CCN increases promote increases in supercooled cloud water, in agreement with previous 37 modeling studies. However, in the simulations investigated herein, the changes in supercooled 38 water have different impacts on the cloud microphysics in the maritime and continental 39 simulations. Increased supercooled water contents lead to more hail and less graupel in the 40 continental simulation. For the maritime simulation, enhanced supercooled cloud water contents 41 promote an increase in graupel since little or no hail is produced. This distinction is due to the 42 difference in relative magnitudes and peak altitudes of supercooled water and snow amounts, 43 which is further attributable to moisture and dynamical differences in the two cases. 44 45 46 Confidential manuscript submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Are Seeds Consumed by Crocodilians Viable? A Test of the Crocodilian Saurochory Hypothesis

Abstract Many animal species are important dispersers of seeds; however, relatively little attention has been paid to the seed-dispersal capabilities of reptiles, and almost nothing is known about the seed-dispersal capabilities of crocodilians. This lack of information is surprising given that seeds have been found in the stomach contents of a majority of crocodilian species. Here we present the first experimental investigation of the seed-dispersal potential of a crocodilian. Using a comparative germination experiment, we tested the viability of Annona glabra (Pond-apple Tree) seeds recovered from the stomach of an Alligator mississippiensis (American Alligator [Alligator]) captured in the Florida Coastal Everglades. We found that seeds from the Alligator's stomach were nonviable under ideal germination conditions and that fresh, non-digested Pond-apple seeds exposed to the same germination conditions were highly viable. The seeds recovered from the Alligator’s stomach were nonviable because they were likely destroyed by stomach acids. Thus, Alligators are likely not dispersers of Pond-apple seeds and may instead act as seed predators. Further research is needed to test the potential of crocodilians as dispersers of other types of seeds from different plant families.
STRAIN-BASED DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STIFFENED COMPOSITE PANELS FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING PURPOSES

A common defect of composite stiffened panel structures is the disbond at the interface between the two constituents (skin/stringer), as a result of inefficient manufacturing process or foreign object impacts in service. Generally, discontinuities within the volume of an elastic solid media subjected to mechanical load, cause anomalies on the strain field in the near vicinity of the discontinuity. Utilizing this observation, the current work investigates the effect of artificially induced disbonds between skin/stiffener at a co-cured CFRP/epoxy singlestiffener generic element. A structural health monitoring methodology is developed, leveraging on numerically simulated strains along the stringer foot which aims to assess the health state of the sensorized structure as compared with a pristine baseline. The study is implemented with a parametric finite element model generating various disbonded cases. Longitudinal strain values are acquired at the exact points where in reality actual Fiber Bragg Grating sensors will be located.
A Study on Criteria of Warning and Evacuation for Large-scale Sediment Disasters Considering the Relationships with Sediment Movement and Damage

In Japan, Sediment Disaster Warning Information pertaining to a debris flow and slope failures due to rainfall is provided to residents based on the criteria of rainfall between the occurrence and non-occurrence of such sediment disasters. Early warning information system for large-scale sediment disasters has not yet been established, and the criteria that must be met to trigger warning have not yet been established. In this study, to estimate suitable criteria of warning and evacuation for large-scale sediment disasters in Japan, we examined and clarified the relationships among sediment movement, damage, and return period of rainfall causing large-scale sediment disasters by conducting a statistical analysis of 22 previous large-scale sediment disasters. We found that 1) large-scale sediment disasters may occur during rainfall events with a 30 to 50 year return period, and 2) longer rainfall return periods, as recorded in long-term rainfall indices (more than 24 hours), may indicate imminent large-scale sediment movement and demand attention as indicators of large-scale sediment disasters.
Mathematische Zeitschrift The Neumann-Siebenmann invariant and Seifert surgery

We discuss some relations between the invariant originated in FukumotoFuruta and the Neumann-Siebenmann invariant for the Seifert rational homology 3-spheres. We give certain constraints on Seifert 3-manifolds to be obtained by surgery on knots in homology 3-spheres in terms of these invariants. Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 57M27, 57N13, 57N10 In this paper we consider a Seifert rational homology 3-sphere S equipped with spin structure c and the Neumann-Siebenmann invariant μ(S, c), which is an integral lift of the Rochlin invariant of (S, c) (see §3 for the definition). In case of a Seifert integral homology 3-sphere μ(S, c) is equal to FukumotoFuruta invariant up to sign [4], and is a homology cobordism invariant [6]. In case of a spherical 3-manifold we define an analogous invariant δ(S, c) originated in Fukumoto-Furuta’s theorem, which is also equal to μ(S, c) (if S is a lens space L(p, q) then δ(S, c) is represented by a σ -function σ(q, p, ±1), [7]). In this paper based on Saveliev’s observation on Seifert integral homology 3-spheres [6], we extend the results in [6] and [8] to general Seifert rational homology 3-spheres. In Theorem 1 we show the spin homology cobordism invariance of the NeumannSiebenmann invariant of Seifert rational homology 3-spheres. In Theorems 2 and 3 we give some constraints on Seifert rational homology 3-spheres to be obtained by surgery on knots in homology 3-spheres in terms of the Neumann-Siebenmann invariants. These theorems generalize the results in [8], where similar constraints on spherical 3-manifolds obtained by surgery on knots are discussed. A lot of results have been proved about obtaining Seifert 3-manifolds by surgery on knots, in particular, hyperbolic knots in S3. The cases of integral surgeries are of particular interest since it is conjectured that no non-integral surgery on a hyperbolic knot in S3 could yield a Seifert 3-manifold. As integral surgeries are concerned, our result (Theorem 2) only gives a constraint for even surgeries, in
Literature-based Expedient Criterion for Assessing the Impact Strength of Switzerland’s Rockfall Protection Embankment Inventory

This article proposes an expedient criterion for assessing the ability of any type of rockfall protection embankment in resisting the impact by the rock block. The approach consists in comparing the design kinetic energy of the block to the embankment dimensions. The embankment is deemed impact resistant if the block kinetic energy is such that the downhill face displacement remains below a threshold value. A differentiation is made between reinforced and non-reinforced embankment. This criterion was developed considering the available literature concerning real-scale impact experiments conducted on embankments. It was then applied to 54 well described embankments built in Switzerland. Even if the Swiss inventory appears globally well designed with respect to impact strength, this criterion draws the attention on 6 potentially highly critical embankments.
Estimating the Critical Parameter in Almost Stochastic Dominance from Insurance Deductibles

Knowing how small violation individuals would accept against stochastic dominance rules is a prerequisite for applying almost stochastic dominance criteria. Different from previous results obtained by experiments, this paper estimates acceptable violation against stochastic dominance rules with 940,904 observations of real data on a deductible choice of automobile theft insurance. We find that for all policyholders in the sample who optimally chose a low deductible, the upper bound estimate of acceptable violation ratio is 8.198e−08 which is close to zero. On the other hand, considering most decision makers, such as 99% (95%) of the policyholders in the sample, who optimally chose the low deductible, the upper bound estimate of the acceptable violation ratio is 0.0399 (0.0727). Our results provide reference values of the acceptable violation ratio and justification for applying almost stochastic dominance rules. JEL classification: D81, G22
Reports on MeN/CKDu/CKDnT/CINAC publications

After the chronological presentation there are a few paragraphs with citations of other reports that may be pertinent, a discussion on how to interpret p-creatinine (and cystatin C) when attempting to identify changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the key renal function variable, and finally a graph on the prevalence of different levels of CKD (I to V) in a ‘normal population’. This may be useful for comparisons.
Correlation Coefficient and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield Components in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The study was undertaken to estimate correlation coefficients and direct and indirect effects by path analysis for pod yield per plant and its components by using 100 genotypes of Spanish bunch groundnut. The pod yield per plant was significantly and positively correlated with days to maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, kernel yield per plant, number of mature pods per plant, 100-kernel weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index. Biological yield per plant and harvest index exhibited high and positive direct effects on pod yield per plant. Whereas, kernel yield per plant, number of pods per plant and days to maturity showed moderate and positive direct effects on pod yield per plant. Thus, these characters were identified as the most important yield components and due emphasis should be placed on these characters while selecting for high yielding genotypes in Spanish bunch groundnut.
Hidden viability risks in the use of farm-saved small-grain seed

SUMMARY Agriculture must provide sustainable food security and economic development to meet future challenges; new cultivars and the use of quality seed will be key components of this. The use of farm-saved seed may increase due to imbalances between income and expenditure associated with farming. The present study characterized the quality of commonly used, and thereby easily available, farm-saved seed in Finland. Farmers provided 657 seed lot samples of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that they intended to use for sowing. Germination, seed weight, seedling elongation and within-seed-lot variability were analysed. Information was available on region, number of seed generations and cultivar. The specific aims were to identify how many generations of farm-saved seed are generally used by farmers, whether there is any safe generation threshold and the variability of quality of the seed lots. It was found that 0·80–0·84 of barley seed lots exceeded the 0·85 minimum germination requirement for certified seed, but only 0·60 of wheat. The risk of poor establishment was higher in wheat if the seed was not tested: 0·13 of wheat seed lots had germination of ⩽0·65 and 0·06 of ⩽0·50, while for barley the proportions with inadequate germination were 0·03–0·05. At most, >0·30 abnormal seedlings were recorded for barley and >0·50 for wheat. Variation in seed size and seedling length within seed lots was important, and increase in the latter was associated with reduced germination. In combination with up to 0·14 lethal fungus-infected seed, this emphasizes the need for seed upgrading measures. No safe threshold for farm-saved seed generations was determined.
A re-assessment of the taxonomy of Lens Mill. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Vicieae).

Three taxonomic problems exist within the genus Lens. The first is the lark of agreement on classification and rank at the specific and sub-specific levels; the second involves the relationship between the recently distinguished L lamottei and L odemensis or L tomentosus and the third is the unreliability of stipule orientation as the primary character to distinguish between L odemensic and L. nigricans. The objectives of this study were to address these problems by investigating the classification of Lens in the light of evidence relating to crossability and phenetic relations, to idcntify morphological markers for taxon delimitation within the genus Lens. , with special reference to L. lamottei, L nigricans and L odemensis, and to determine whether the taxon delimitation is supported by isozyme and RAPD evidence. As a result of these studies two new combinations are proposed, with L odemensis and I tamentosus being reduced to sub-species of L culinaris. A classification, key and descriptions of the accepted taxa within the genus are presented.