Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Microsatellite Instability Molecular Analysis versus Immuno-Histochemical Interpretation in Malignant Neoplasms with Different Localizations

Simple Summary Mismatch repair (MMR) system deficiency results in increased mutation rates with consequent microsatellite instability (MSI) and susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Clinically, testing MSI status contributes not only to early Lynch syndrome detection, which is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, but also to predicting the biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition, it works prognostically because patients with the MSI phenotype or deficient MMR system (MSI-H or dMMR) characteristics show improved overall survival compared to patients with microsatellite stability or a proficient MMR system (MSS or pMMR). Here, we compare the two methods for MSI testing and outline the pros and cons of both methodologies, as well as examine their sensitivity, complementation, and degree of concordance to clarify to clinicians the ultimate methodology for MSI testing for different cancer types. Both methods are generally known to produce false negative results under certain circumstances, even in technically ideal situations. It is recommended that both methods ought to be established for determining MSI-H and dMMR status, respectively, for all cancer types as a first-line screening test, regarding the substantial agreement of the two methods in the present study. Abstract MMR gene germline mutations are considered a major genetic disorder in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome; A total of 15% of sporadic colon carcinomas are MSI-High. MSI has also been observed in other cancers, such as endometrial, gastric, and ovarian cancer. The aim of the current study was to correlate and outline the optimal method between the molecular testing of the instability of microsatellite DNA regions (MSI status) and the loss of protein expression by immunehistochemistry (MMR). A total of 242 paraffin-embedded tissues from gastrointestinal, gynecological, genitourinary, lung, breast, and unknown primary cancer patients were analyzed for the expression of MLH1/MSH2/MSH6/PMS2 by immunohistochemistry, as well as for the molecular analysis of MSI status using PCR-based molecular fragment analysis. A total of 29 MSI-High patients were detected molecularly, while 23 patients were detected by immunohistochemistry, with rates that are comparable according to the literature. Based on the agreement coefficient of the two methods, a substantial agreement emerged (Kappa = 0.675 with standard error = 0.081, p < 0.001). Despite the substantial agreement, both methods ought to be established to determine MSI-H/dMMR status in all cancer types as a first-line screening test.
BOUNDS ON NEGATIVE MOMENTS

Four sets of bounds on $E(X^{ - 1} )$, $E(X^{ - 2} )$ and $\operatorname{var} (X^{ - 1} )$ are computed in terms of $\mu = E(X),\sigma ^2 = E(X - \mu )^2 $, and $a > 0$ for which $P(X \geqq a) = 1$. The four sets correspond to X unrestricted, X symmetric at $\mu$, X symmetric and unimodal at $\mu $, and X unimodal at m. For X unimodal, bounds on var $(X^{ - 1} )$ are omitted since they appear to have no simple closed form.
The Influence of Talent Management, Education Level, and Work Experience on Employee Performance

This study aims to determine the effect of Talent Management, Education Level, and Work Experience on Employee Performance at UPTD SPNF SKB Sidoarjo. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach. Sampling in this study was conducted by nonprobability sampling method with quota sampling type with the number of respondents as many as 50 employees of UPTD SPNF SKB Sidoarjo employees. The data analysis technique used in this study uses multiple linear regression using the SPSS 22 program. The results in this study prove that the talent management variable has a positive effect on performance, the education level variable has a negative effect on performance, and the work experience variable has a positive effect on employee performance at UPTD SPNF SKB Sidoarjo.
Statistical Properties of Plateau‐Like Turbulence Spectra in the Martian Magnetosheath: MAVEN Observations

The Martian magnetosheath provides us with a natural laboratory to study plasma turbulence in the presence of pickup ions and locally generated instabilities. Unlike the typical magnetic‐field spectra with a single spectral scaling at magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) scales in Earth's magnetosheath, the magnetic‐field spectra in the Martian magnetosheath during 4 years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN observations frequently present an additional spectral break‐point with a shallow slope at MHD scales which we define as a plateau‐like spectral feature. The average occurrence rate of plateau‐like magnetic‐field spectra is 56.6% of our measurement intervals. At moderate pick‐up angles, the occurrence rate increases to a maximum of ∼70.0%. Furthermore, we present a positive correlation with the local ion density and anti‐correlations with the local βi and the solar Extreme Ultra Violet irradiance. A similar occurrence rate in the quasi‐perpendicular and the quasi‐parallel magnetosheath (60.1% vs. 52.9%) indicates that the plateau‐like spectra are more likely formed locally than in the upstream solar wind. Our results suggest that energy injection from pickup ion driven micro‐instabilities, for example, in the form of proton cyclotron waves, has insufficient time to evolve into a fully developed cascade in such a confined space like the Martian magnetosheath.
Orthogonal Binary Waveform Optimization for Mimo Radar Systems

Waveform optimization for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar systems for good autocorrelation and crosscorrelation properties based on the direct design of the set of orthogonal transmitted time series is considered. Exploiting the orthogonality of non identical walsh functions, which have been used successfully in spread spectrum communication, the Walsh-Hadamard matrix is used as the orthogonal binary signal set followed by the simulated annealing statistical optimization tool to provide an optimal orthogonal binary signal set with the desired correlation properties
Properties of Plywood Panels Composed of Thermally Densified and Non-Densified Alder and Birch Veneers

Ukrainian companies mainly use birch in the manufacture of plywood, but species, such as black alder, are not yet widely used in the manufacture of plywood due to their poorer properties. It is well known that thermal compression is often used to improve the properties of solid wood. Good lay-up schemes of veneer can maximize the advantages and minimize the disadvantages of these wood species, and generally improve the utility value of the plywood. This research aimed to develop plywood panels with two wood species and two types of veneer treatments in order to evaluate the influences of different lay-up schemes on the properties of the plywood. Five-layer plywood panels were formed with 16 different lay-up schemes using birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) (B) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa L.) (A) veneers, which were non-densified (N) and thermally densified (D). The different lay-up schemes were used to identify opportunities to improve the mechanical and physical properties of the plywood by replacing the birch veneer in the plywood structure with an alternative alder veneer. The veneer sheets were thermally densified in a laboratory hot press at a temperature of 180 °C and pressure of 2 MPa for 3 min. The conducted study showed that the bending strength, modulus of elasticity and shear strength of mixed-species plywood (BD–AN–AN–AN–BD) increased by up to 31.5%, 34.4% and 16.8%, respectively, in comparison to those properties of alder plywood from non-densified veneer (AN–AN–AN–AN–AN), by positioning alder non-densified veneers in the core layers and birch densified veneers in the outer layers. Moreover, the surface roughness of plywood panels with outer layers of birch veneer was lower than that of panels with outer layers of alder veneer. It was shown that non-treated alder veneer, despite exhibiting somewhat lower strength properties than birch veneer, could be successfully used with proper lay-up schemes in the veneer-based products industry.
Comparative Proteomics Analysis between Maize and Sorghum Uncovers Important Proteins and Metabolic Pathways Mediating Drought Tolerance

Drought severely affects crop yield and yield stability. Maize and sorghum are major crops in Africa and globally, and both are negatively impacted by drought. However, sorghum has a better ability to withstand drought than maize. Consequently, this study identifies differences between maize and sorghum grown in water deficit conditions, and identifies proteins associated with drought tolerance in these plant species. Leaf relative water content and proline content were measured, and label-free proteomics analysis was carried out to identify differences in protein expression in the two species in response to water deficit. Water deficit enhanced the proline accumulation in sorghum roots to a higher degree than in maize, and this higher accumulation was associated with enhanced water retention in sorghum. Proteomic analyses identified proteins with differing expression patterns between the two species, revealing key metabolic pathways that explain the better drought tolerance of sorghum than maize. These proteins include phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyases, indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase, sucrose synthase and phenol/catechol oxidase. This study highlights the importance of phenylpropanoids, sucrose, melanin-related metabolites and indole acetic acid (auxin) as determinants of the differences in drought stress tolerance between maize and sorghum. The selection of maize and sorghum genotypes with enhanced expression of the genes encoding these differentially expressed proteins, or genetically engineering maize and sorghum to increase the expression of such genes, can be used as strategies for the production of maize and sorghum varieties with improved drought tolerance.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals cancer cell resistance to NK cells induced by NKderived IFN-γ

The anti-leukemia activity of NK cells is important for preventing relapse during HSCT in leukemia patients. However, the factors that determine susceptibility of leukemia cells in the context of NK-mediated killing are not well established. Here we performed a genome wide CRIPSR screen in the human CML cell line K562 to identify genes that regulate vulnerability of leukemia cells to killing by primary human NK cells. Distribution of gRNAs in K562 cells that survived co-incubation with NK cells showed that loss of NCR3LG1 (encodes B7H6), the ligand of the activating receptor NKp30, predominantly protected K562 cells from killing. It indicates that B7H6 is a major ligand on K562 cells. In contrast, loss of genes that regulate pathways for antigen-presentation (B2M, HLA-I, PSMB5, TAP1, TAPBP) and IFN-γ signaling (IFNGRs, JAKs, STATs) increased the vulnerability of K562 cells. MHC-I on K562 cells was upregulated after co-culture with NK. Addition of IFN-γ neutralizing antibody during the co-culture increased the susceptibility of K562 cells to NK-mediated lysis. The results suggest that cancer cells respond to NK-derived IFN-γ and lead to NK-resistance and immune evasion. Moreover, Analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that low IFNGR2 expression in cancer tissues associated with improved overall survival in AML patients, indicating that the IFNGR-JAK-STAT pathway can be a contributor to worse prognosis of cancer patients, potentially related to IFN-γ–induced NK-resistance, despite the fact that IFN-γ signaling promotes T cell mediated immune surveillance. Our results suggest that targeting IFN-γ responses might be a promising approach to enhance NK cell anti-cancer efficacy.
Development of an in Vitro Digestion System to Study the Bioavailability and Bioreactivity of Zinc Sulfate and Zn-Bioplex in Fish Using the RTgutGC Cell Line

: Here, we report the development of a novel in vitro digestion system that mimics the digestive process in fish and uses the RTgutGC cell line, a model of the rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) intestine, to study the bioavailability, bioreactivity, and toxicity of Zn added as an inorganic (ZnSO 4 ) and organic zinc compound (Zn-Bioplex). Our results showed that, before digestion, Zn-Bioplex was more bioavailable than ZnSO 4 . However, after in vitro digestion, ZnSO 4 and Zn-Bioplex accumulated and were transported equally across the RTgutGC cell epithelium. However, Zn-Bioplex was shown to be less bioreactive than ZnSO 4 , suggesting that peptide complexation might reduce the intracellular release of zinc as shown by a reduced induction of metallothionein and ZnT1 mRNA levels. This novel method shows promise as a standardized in vitro fish digestion model to study the interactions occurring at the lumen of the intestine and the bioavailability and toxicity of digested compounds in the fish gut.
Chemical Structure and Antifungal Activity of Agean Region of Propolis in Türkiye

The chemical composition of propolis from Aegean Uşak (Balcıdamı and Kaşbelen), Afyon ( Emirdağ and Dinar), Manisa (Salihli and Kula), Denizli (Merkez and Çivril), Muğla (Milas and Merkez), İzmir (Kemalpaşa and Menemen), Aydın (Söke and Kuşadası) and Kütahya (Hisarcık and Tavşanlı) was studied in order to determine the major compounds by using GC-MS. In this study, 8 % ethanol extract of propolis prepared by mixing 920 ml of 70 % ethanol and 80 g of propolis was used. Chemical analysis of propolis extracts indicated that the propolis samples had high concentrations of the aromatic acids, esters and other derivatives which are responsible for the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of propolis such as benzyl cinnamate, methyl cinnamate, caffeic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate and cinnamoylglcine besides the most common compounds as fatty acid, terpenoids, esters, alcohols hydrocarbons and aromatic acids. Also, in this research the antifungal effects of 7 concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 ppm) of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) against Fusarium oxysporum was investigated in vitro conditions. Propolis was mixed alone or in combination with potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at various concentrations. The results indicated that the mycelial growth of the tested fungi decreased with each increase in PEE concentrations. Propolis extract collected from Muğla province showed 77.81% antifungal effect against Fusarium oxysporum at the highest concentration (50 ppm). The lowest antifungal effect (64.52%) against the pathogen was detected in the propolis extract collected from Denizli province.
Anti-Entry Activity of Natural Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting Spike RBD

COVID-19 is still a global public health concern, and the SARS-CoV-2 mutations require more effective antiviral agents. In this study, the antiviral entry activity of thirty-one flavonoids was systematically evaluated by a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus model. Twenty-four flavonoids exhibited antiviral entry activity with IC50 values ranging from 10.27 to 172.63 µM and SI values ranging from 2.33 to 48.69. The structure–activity relationship of these flavonoids as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors was comprehensively summarized. A subsequent biolayer interferometry assay indicated that flavonoids bind to viral spike RBD to block viral interaction with ACE2 receptor, and a molecular docking study also revealed that flavonols could bind to Pocket 3, the non-mutant regions of SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting that flavonols might be also active against virus variants. These natural flavonoids showed very low cytotoxic effects on human normal cell lines. Our findings suggested that natural flavonoids might be potential antiviral entry agents against SARS-CoV-2 via inactivating the viral spike. It is hoped that our study will provide some encouraging evidence for the use of natural flavonoids as disinfectants to prevent viral infections.
The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres

This textbook describes the equipment, observational techniques, and analysis used in the investigation of stellar photospheres. Now in its fourth edition, the text has been thoroughly updated and revised to be more accessible to students. New figures have been added to illustrate key concepts, while diagrams have been redrawn and refreshed throughout. The book starts by developing the tools of analysis, and then demonstrates how they can be applied. Topics covered include radiation transfer, models of stellar photospheres, spectroscopic equipment, how to observe stellar spectra, and techniques for measuring stellar temperatures, radii, surface gravities, chemical composition, velocity fields, and rotation rates. Up-to-date results for real stars are included. Written for starting graduate students or advanced undergraduates, this textbook also includes a wealth of reference material useful to researchers. eBook formats include color imagery while print formats are greyscale only; a wide selection of the color images are available online.
A polyconvex anisotropic free energy function for electro- and magneto-rheological elastomers

Polyconvexity is an important mathematical condition imposed on a strain energy function. In particular, it is sufficient for the ellipticity of the constitutive equation and for the material stability and becomes especially crucial in the context of nonlinear elasticity. In combination with another condition referred to as coercivity, polyconvexity ensures existence of the global minimizer of the total elastic energy which implies a solution of a boundary value problem. While a great variety of polyconvex energies are known for isotropic and have recently been proposed for anisotropic elastic solids, there are, to the best of our knowledge, no results on polyconvexity for electro- and magneto-elastic materials. In the present paper, we extend the notion of polyconvexity to the coupled electro- and magneto-elastic response and formulate polyconvex free energy functions for electro- and magneto-sensitive elastomers. In analogy to the purely elastic response, these free energy functions will ensure the positive features of the constitutive equations mentioned above, although a strict mathematical proof of this fact should be supplied later. The proposed model is able to describe the electro- and magnetostriction and demonstrates good agreement with the corresponding experimental data.
Chromatic adaptation and π mechanisms

Adaptive hue shifts of the achromatic point were measured in conditions in which a test field was presented as a flashed increment on steady chromatic backgrounds. The variables investigated were background chromaticity, luminance, and stimulus contrast. The results could be accounted for quantitatively by a mechanistic model with the following properties: discounting of the (steady) background, or ac-coupled signal processing; cone spectral sensitivities as estimated by Vos and Walraven; and receptor-specific gain controls that have the same action spectra and gain characteristics as Stiles' π5, π4, and (modified) π1 mechanisms.
Dielectric properties and electric breakdown strength of a subpercolative composite of carbon black in thermoplastic copolymer

We investigate the dielectric properties and electric breakdown strength of subpercolative composites of conductive carbon black particles in a rubber insulating matrix. A significant increase in the permittivity in the vicinity of the insulator to conductor transition was observed, with relatively low increases in dielectric loss; however, a rapid decrease in electric breakdown strength was inevitable. A steplike feature was ascribed to agglomeration effects. The low ultimate values of the electric field strength of such composites appear to prohibit practical use.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endocrine Disruptors (Bisphenols, Parabens, and Triclosan)—A Systematic Review

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can result in alterations of the female reproductive system, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge about the association of EDCs (bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan) with PCOS. We conducted an electronic literature search using PubMed for studies published between January 2007 and October 2022 on EDCs related to PCOS, and evaluated the association of PCOS with bisphenols, parabens and triclosan in 15 articles. Most studies revealed significantly higher plasma, urinary or follicular fluid levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in women with PCOS, and some showed a positive correlation of BPA with insulin resistance, polycystic morphology on ultrasound, hepatic steatosis, bilirubin levels, as well as free androgen index, androstenedione and testosterone serum levels, and markers of low-grade chronic inflammation. There was a negative correlation of BPA with markers of ovarian reserve, sex hormone binding globulin and vitamin D–binding protein. Parabens and triclosan have been studied in only one study each, with no significant associations with PCOS observed. Our review revealed an association of BPA with PCOS and negative effects of BPA on human ovaries; more research is needed to assess the potential associations of parabens and triclosan with PCOS.
Refractive Changes After Nd:YAG Capsulotomy in Pseudophakic Eyes

Purpose To analyze refractive changes after neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) posterior capsulotomy in pseudophakic eyes. Patients and Methods Patients who underwent Nd:YAG capsulotomy after cataract surgery from January 2013 to April 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent (SE), axis, and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were compared pre- and postoperatively in 683 eyes of 548 patients at one month (n = 605 eyes) and one year (n = 211 eyes). Patients with both one-month and one-year follow-ups (n = 133) were also compared. Eyes were stratified into single-piece (n = 330), three-piece (n = 30), and light adjustable lenses (LALs) (n = 16). Pre- and postoperative measurements were analyzed within each group. Results Cylinder was significantly decreased at one-month (difference: 0.042±0.448 D, p = 0.006) and one-year (difference: 0.101±0.455 D, p = 0.003) compared to preoperative measurements. No significant change in sphere or axis was observed at follow-up visits (p > 0.05). CDVA significantly improved at both time points (p < 0.05). No significant change in any parameters between the one-month and one-year groups was observed (p > 0.05). There was significant improvement in CDVA in the single and three-piece lens groups (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.026, respectively), with no change in the LAL group (p > 0.05). Conclusion There were no changes in sphere, axis, or spherical equivalent after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. However, cylindrical error and CDVA were significantly better after the procedure. Lens type did not impact refractive parameters postoperatively.