Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Coefficient of C in α -Iron

An equation of the form $D={D}_{0}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}H}{\mathrm{RT}}}$ is developed for interstitial diffusion in cubic lattices. This development uses a classical statistical mechanical treatment. Measurements of $D$ for $C$ in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-iron were made from -35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Combined with earlier data they extend the knowledge of $D$ in this system from $D={10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}$ to $D={10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec. The values of ${D}_{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$ obtained by fitting the above equation to the experimental points give ${D}_{0}=0.02$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec. and $\ensuremath{\Delta}H=20,100$ cal. /mole.
Enhanced photorefractive properties of LiNbO3:Fe crystals by HfO2 codoping

Photorefractive properties of congruent lithium niobate crystals codoped with HfO2 and Fe2O3 were investigated and it was found that Fe ions are still located at Li sites as photorefractive centers when the doping concentration of HfO2 goes above the threshold value. As a result, their photorefractive response speed and sensitivity are significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, the high saturation diffraction efficiency is still maintained. Experimental results definitely show that Hf is now the most effective doping element for LiNbO3:Fe crystal to improve its photorefractive properties.
Dynamics of racial disparities in all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic

As research documenting disparate impacts of COVID-19 by race and ethnicity grows, little attention has been given to dynamics in mortality disparities during the pandemic and whether changes in disparities persist. We estimate age-standardized monthly all-cause mortality in the United States from January 2018 through February 2022 for seven racial/ethnic populations. Using joinpoint regression, we quantify trends in race-specific rate ratios relative to non-Hispanic White mortality to examine the magnitude of pandemic-related shifts in mortality disparities. Prepandemic disparities were stable from January 2018 through February 2020. With the start of the pandemic, relative mortality disadvantages increased for American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NHOPI), and Black individuals, and relative mortality advantages decreased for Asian and Hispanic groups. Rate ratios generally increased during COVID-19 surges, with different patterns in the summer 2021 and winter 2021/2022 surges, when disparities approached prepandemic levels for Asian and Black individuals. However, two populations below age 65 fared worse than White individuals during these surges. For AIAN people, the observed rate ratio reached 2.25 (95% CI = 2.14, 2.37) in October 2021 vs. a prepandemic mean of 1.74 (95% CI = 1.62, 1.86), and for NHOPI people, the observed rate ratio reached 2.12 (95% CI = 1.92, 2.33) in August 2021 vs. a prepandemic mean of 1.31 (95% CI = 1.13, 1.49). Our results highlight the dynamic nature of racial/ethnic disparities in mortality and raise alarm about the exacerbation of mortality inequities for Indigenous groups due to the pandemic.
Correlation of Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies With the Mucosal Changes and IgA Status of Children With Celiac Disease

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the association between serological markers and changes of the intestinal mucosa in children with celiac disease (CD). Methods: Clinical data from CD patients under 15 years old were collected from the participating centers in an on-line multicenter nationwide observational Spanish registry called REPAC-2 (2011–2017). Correlation between anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (t-TGA) levels and other variables, including mucosal damage and clinical findings (symptoms, age, and gender), was assessed. Results: A total of 2955 of 4838 patients had t-TGA and a small bowel biopsy (SBB) performed for CD diagnosis. A total of 1931 (66.2%) patients with normal IgA values had a Marsh 3b-c lesion and 1892 (64.9%) had t-TGA Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ≥ 10 times upper limit of normal (ULN). There is a statistically significant association between t-TGA IgA levels and the degree of mucosal damage (P < 0.001), the higher the t-TGA IgA levels the more severe the mucosal damage. Those patients who reported symptoms had more severe mucosal damage (P = 0.001). On the contrary, there was a negative association between age and changes of the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.001). No association was found with gender. Regarding the IgA-deficient patients, 47.4% (18 cases) had t-TGA Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ≥ 10 times ULN and a Marsh 3b-c lesion was observed in 68.4% (26 patients). No statistical relation was found between t-TGA IgG levels and the changes of the intestinal mucosa, neither a relation with age, gender, or symptoms. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between t-TGA IgA levels and the severity of changes of the intestinal mucosa. Such correlation was not found in IgA-deficient patients who had positive t-TGA IgG serology. The results in this group of patients support the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition recommendations about the need of performing a SBB in IgA-deficient individuals despite high t-TGA IgG levels.
Temperature-induced changes in Arabidopsis Rubisco activity and isoform expression

Abstract In many plant species, expression of the nuclear encoded Rubisco small subunit (SSu) varies with environmental changes, but the functional role of any changes in expression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of differential expression of Rubisco SSu isoforms on carbon assimilation in Arabidopsis. Using plants grown at contrasting temperatures (10 °C and 30 °C), we confirm the previously reported temperature response of the four RbcS genes and extend this to protein expression, finding that warm-grown plants produce Rubisco containing ~65% SSu-B and cold-grown plants produce Rubisco with ~65% SSu-A as a proportion of the total pool of subunits. We find that these changes in isoform concentration are associated with kinetic changes to Rubisco in vitro: warm-grown plants produce a Rubisco having greater CO2 affinity (i.e. higher SC/O and lower KC) but lower kcatCO2 at warm measurement temperatures. Although warm-grown plants produce 38% less Rubisco than cold-grown plants on a leaf area basis, warm-grown plants can maintain similar rates of photosynthesis to cold-grown plants at ambient CO2 and 30 °C, indicating that the carboxylation capacity of warm-grown Rubisco is enhanced at warmer measurement temperatures, and is able to compensate for the lower Rubisco content in warm-grown plants. This association between SSu isoform expression and maintenance of Rubisco activity at high temperature suggests that SSu isoform expression could impact the temperature response of C3 photosynthesis.
Longitudinal Patterns of Cortical Atrophy on MRI in Patients With Alzheimer Disease With and Without Lewy Body Pathology

Background and Objectives Although Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) represent 2 different pathologies, they have clinical overlap, and there is a significant degree of co-occurrence of their neuropathologic findings. Many studies have examined imaging characteristics in clinically diagnosed patients; however, there is a relative lack of longitudinal studies that have studied patients with pathologic confirmation. We examined whether there were differences in longitudinal patterns of cortical atrophy between patients with both AD and DLB (AD/DLB) vs those with AD alone. Methods We collected and analyzed clinical and neuroimaging data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database for patients who underwent autopsy. The rates of change in various neuropsychological assessments were not significantly different between patients with AD/DLB and AD, and each group had neuropsychological outcomes consistent with disease progression. For our neuroimaging analysis, we used a linear mixed-effects model to examine whether there were longitudinal differences in cortical rates of atrophy between patients with AD/DLB and AD. Results Autopsies and serial neuroimaging were available on 48 patients (24 AD and 24 AD/DLB). Patients with AD alone had significantly higher atrophy rates in the left cuneus, lateral occipital, and parahippocampal regions over time when compared with patients with concomitant DLB, after covarying for interval from imaging to autopsy, sex, and total estimated intracranial volume. Site ID was included as a random effect to account for site differences. For these regions, the rate of decline over time in the AD/DLB group was less steep by a difference of 0.1887, 0.395, and 0.0989, respectively (p = 0.022, 0.006, and 0.006). The lattermost left cuneus volume measurement and Braak Lewy score had a Pearson product-moment correlation of 0.37, p = 0.009, while the lattermost left parahippocampal volume measurement and Braak neurofibrillary tangle score had a Pearson product‐moment correlation of -0.327, p = 0.02. Discussion Patients with AD had more significant atrophy in the left cuneus, lateral occipital, and parahippocampal regions when compared with patients with AD/DLB. These regions are known to distinguish DLB and AD pathology cross-sectionally but here are shown to distinguish longitudinal disease progression.
Correlation of Dental Anomalies with Cleft Type and Gender in Non-Syndromic Oral Cleft Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective To investigate the distribution of dental anomalies between non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients and their association with the cleft type and gender. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study involving examination of intraoral dental records and radiographs. Patients 300 non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients included (161 males and 139 females, mean age: 10.23 ± 2.3 years). Main Outcome Measures: Variables analyzed: tooth agenesis, microdontia, and supernumerary teeth. Data analysis: Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to investigate the correlation between dental anomalies, cleft type, and gender. Results Agenesis occurred in 66% of the subjects, supernumerary teeth in 19.6%, and microdontia in 18.3%. In females with unilateral left cleft lip and palate (CLP), agenesis was significantly higher compared to males. Both genders presented significant agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors and right central incisor. Significant agenesis of central incisor, canine and second premolar on the upper left side and lower second premolars were observed only in males, with significant microdontia for maxillary lateral incisors and left central incisor. Significant agenesis of maxillary first premolars was seen only in females. Agenesis in maxillary quadrants was significant for patients with unilateral right and left CLP, and bilateral CLP. In mandibular quadrants, agenesis was substantially higher for patients with isolated CP. Conclusions Results suggest that tooth agenesis and microdontia might not be directly associated with the cleft area's anatomical irregularity but are affected by gender and other genetic factors that regulate the development of the anomaly and the orofacial clefting mutually.
Progressive disruption of neurodevelopment by mid‐gestation exposure to lipopolysaccharides and the ameliorating effect of continuous alpha‐glycosyl isoquercitrin treatment

We investigated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced maternal immune activation used as a model for producing neurodevelopmental disorders on hippocampal neurogenesis and behaviors in rat offspring by exploring the antioxidant effects of alpha‐glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ). Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 μg/kg body weight) at gestational days 15 and 16. AGIQ was administered in the diet to dams at 0.5% (w/w) from gestational day 10 until weaning at postnatal day 21 and then to offspring until adulthood at postnatal day 77. During postnatal life, offspring of LPS‐injected animals did not show neuroinflammation or oxidative stress in the brain. At weaning, LPS decreased the numbers of type‐2b neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and PCNA+ proliferating cells in the subgranular zone, FOS‐expressing granule cells, and GAD67+ hilar interneurons in the dentate gyrus. In adulthood, LPS decreased type‐1 neural stem cells, type‐2a NPCs, and GAD67+ hilar interneurons, and downregulated Dpysl3, Sst, Fos, Mapk1, Mapk3, Grin2a, Grin2b, Bdnf, and Ntrk2. In adults, LPS suppressed locomotor activity in the open field test and suppressed fear memory acquisition and fear extinction learning in the contextual fear conditioning test. These results indicate that mid‐gestation LPS injections disrupt programming of normal neurodevelopment resulting in progressive suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity of newborn granule cells by suppressing GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter signals and BDNF/TrkB signaling to result in adult‐stage behavioral deficits. AGIQ ameliorated most aberrations in hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, as well as behavioral deficits. Effective amelioration by continuous AGIQ treatment starting before LPS injections may reflect both anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative stress effects during gestation and neuroprotective effects of continuous exposure through adulthood.
Closed‐loop acoustic stimulation during an afternoon nap to modulate subsequent encoding

Sleep is able to contribute not only to memory consolidation, but also to post‐sleep learning. The notion exists that either synaptic downscaling or another process during sleep increase post‐sleep learning capacity. A correlation between augmentation of the sleep slow oscillation and hippocampal activation at encoding support the contribution of sleep to encoding of declarative memories. In the present study, the effect of closed‐loop acoustic stimulation during an afternoon nap on post‐sleep encoding of two verbal (word pairs, verbal learning and memory test) and non‐verbal (figural pairs) tasks and on electroencephalogram during sleep and learning were investigated in young healthy adults (N = 16). Closed‐loop acoustic stimulation enhanced slow oscillatory and spindle activity, but did not affect encoding at the group level. Subgroup analyses and comparisons with similar studies lead us to the tentative conclusion that further parameters such as time of day and subjects' cognitive ability influenced responses to closed‐loop acoustic stimulation.
Investigation of biological effects of chitosan magnetic nano-composites hydrogel

The growing concern about microorganism infections, especially hospital-acquired infections, has driven the demand for effective and safe agents in recent years. Herein, novel nanocomposites were prepared based on layered double hydroxides (LDH NPs), Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs), and chitosan hydrogel beads in different concentrations. The characteristics and composition of the prepared materials were investigated by various techniques such as XRD, FESEM, and FTIR. The results indicate that the nanocomposites are synthesized successfully, and each component is present in hydrogel matrixes. Then, their biomedical properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity, were examined. Our findings demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposites significantly depends on the concentration of each component and their chemical groups. It shows itself in the result of the inhibitory zone of all bacteria or fungi samples. The obtained results indicate that the nanocomposite of Chitosan-hydrogel beads with 20% LDH and Fe2O3 (CHB-LDH-Fe2O3%20) and Chitosan-hydrogel beads based on 20% LDH (CHB-LDH%20) showed excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties against all tested bacteria and fungi (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, the antioxidant effects of the synthesized materials (especially CHB-LDH Fe2O3%20 and CHB-LDH%20) were investigated, showing high antioxidant efficacy against DPPH free radicals (P ≤ 0.01). According to our findings, we can say that these materials are promising biomaterials for inhibiting some infectious bacteria and fungi.
Comparison of the risk of Crohn's disease postoperative recurrence between modified Rutgeerts score i2a and i2b categories: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND The modified Rutgeerts' score differentiates i2a - lesions confined to the anastomosis - and i2b - more than 5 aphthous ulcers in the neoterminal ileum with normal intervening mucosa, with or without anastomotic lesions - categories. Its relevance for the therapeutic management of Crohn's disease (CD) patients after ileocolic resection is still debated. Our objective was to compare the postoperative recurrence risk in patients with an i2a or i2b score using an individual patient data meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search until July 2020 to identify all relevant studies reporting the i2a/i2b status in the year following ileocolic resection and clinical and/or surgical postoperative CD recurrence in their follow-up. Individual patient level data were obtained from the corresponding authors. The association between the modified RS and time-to-event was evaluated using a mixed Cox model with the center as the random effect. RESULTS Seven studies published between 2008 and 2019 were included corresponding to 400 patients: 189 (47%) i2a and 211 (53%) i2b. Median (interquartile range, IQR) time from ileocolic resection to ileocolonoscopy was 6.2 (5.5, 7.9) months and median (IQR) follow-up time after ileocolonoscopy was 4.5 (2.9, 7.3) years. The risk of clinical postoperative recurrence at 1 and 3 years was 11% [6%-15%], and 25% [18%-32%] in the i2a group versus 9% [5%-13%] and 33% [26%-41%] in the i2b group (p=0.63 and p=0.12, respectively). No significant difference was observed in terms of time to clinical postoperative recurrence (p=0.16) or surgical postoperative recurrence (p=0.87). Results did not change after excluding patients having initiated an immunosuppressant or a biologic in the three months after endoscopy (remaining cohort, n=361). CONCLUSION In this individual patient data meta-analysis, no difference was observed between i2a and i2b subcategories with regards to clinical or surgical postoperative recurrence. As we wait for prospective trials, the same treatment strategy could be applied to all patients classified as i2 on the Rutgeerts score.
Intergenerational Solidarity With Grandparents in Emerging Adulthood: Associations With Providing Support to Older Parents in Established Adulthood

We examined the link between types of intergenerational solidarity with grandparents among young adults in emerging adulthood and whether they provided instrumental and emotional support to their older parents in established adulthood. We used the 2000 and 2016 waves of the longitudinal study of generations and a sample of 229 grandmother–child and 175 grandfather–child dyads. Latent class analysis identified three classes describing intergenerational solidarity with grandparents (tight-knit, detached, and intimate-but-geographically distant) in grandmother–child and grandfather–child dyads in emerging adulthood. Path analyses showed that young adults who had a tight-knit relationship with their grandparents in emerging adulthood provided more instrumental and emotional support to their parents in established adulthood, compared with those who had a detached relationship with their grandparents in emerging adulthood. Results are interpreted in contexts of multigenerational interdependence within families and the sensitivity of young adults to the needs of older parents through their earlier connection to grandparents.
The impact of race on utilization of durable left ventricular assist device therapy in patients with advanced heart failure

Heart failure affects >6 million people in the United States alone and is most prevalent in Black patients who suffer the highest mortality risk. Yet prior studies have suggested that Black patients are less likely to receive advanced heart failure therapy. We hypothesized that Black patients would have decreased rates of durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation within our expansive heart failure program.
Trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2010 to 2021 and estimation of the reduction in enterovirus 71 infection after vaccine use in Zhejiang Province, China

Background Zhejiang, ranked in the top three in HFMD (hand, foot, and mouth disease) incidence, is located in the Yangtze River Delta region of southeast China. Since 2016, the EV71 vaccine has been promoted in Zhejiang Province. This study aimed to investigate the trend and seasonal variation characteristics of HFMD from 2010 to 2021 and estimate the reduction in enterovirus 71 infection after vaccine use. Methods The data on HFMD cases in Zhejiang Province from January 2010 to December 2021 were obtained from this network system. Individual information on cases and deaths was imported, and surveillance information, including demographic characteristics and temporal distributions, was computed by the system. The Joinpoint regression model was used to describe continuous changes in the incidence trend. The BSTS (Bayesian structural time-series models) model was used to estimate the monthly number of cases from 2017 to 2021 based on the observed monthly incidence during 2010–2016 by accounting for seasonality and long-term trends. The seasonal variation characteristics of HFMD pathogens were detected by wavelet analysis. Results From 2010 to 2021, the annual incidence rate fluctuated between 98.81 cases per 100,000 in 2020 and 435.63 cases per 100,000 in 2018, and 1711 severe HFMD cases and 106 fatal cases were reported in Zhejiang Province, China. The annual percent change (APC) in EV71 cases was -30.72% (95% CI: -45.10 to -12.50) from 2016 to 2021. The wavelet transform of total incidence and number of cases of the three pathogens all showed significant periodicity on the 1-year scale. The average 2-year scale periodicity was significant for the total incidence, EV71 cases and Cox A16 cases, but the other enterovirus cases showed significant periodicity on the 30-month scale. The 6-month scale periodicity was significant for the total incidence, EV71 case and Cox A16 case but not for the other enteroviruses case. The relative error percentage of the performance of the BSTS model was 0.3%. The estimated number of cases from 2017 to 2021 after the EV-A71 vaccines were used was 9422, and the reduction in the number of cases infected with the EV71 virus was 73.43% compared to 70.80% when the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 was excluded. Conclusions Since 2010, the incidence of EV71 infections has shown an obvious downward trend. All types of viruses showed significant periodicity on the 1-year scale. The periodicity of the biennial peak is mainly related to EV71 and Cox A16 before 2017 and other enteroviruses since 2018. The half-year peak cycle of HFMD was mainly caused by EV71 and Cox A6 infection. The expected incidence will be 2.76 times(include the cases of 2020) and 2.43 times(exclude the cases of 2020) higher than the actual value assuming that the measures of vaccination are not taken. EV71 vaccines are very effective and should be administered in the age window between 5 months and 5 years.