Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field measurement of carbon dioxide evolution from soil by a flow-through chamber method using a portable photosynthesis meter

Abstract Extract Since a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is expected to lead to global warming, it is important to quantify the global carbon circulation. The CO2 evolution rate from soil has usually been measured by one of three methods: 1) CO2 absorption (Anderson 1982), where the evolved CO2 is absorbed in an alkali solution and the content subsequently determined, 2) closed chamber (Rolston 1986) in which the CO2 evolution rate is calculated from the increase of the CO2 concentration in a closed chamber covering the soil surface, and 3) flow-through chamber (Rolston 1986) in which a fixed rate of ambient air is pumped through an open chamber and the difference in the. CO2 concentration between the inlet and the outlet is measured. Although the CO2 absorption method is very simple in terms of apparatus and procedure, the determined CO2 evolution rate tends to be underestimated in cases where the evolved CO2 is not fully absorbed in the alkali solution (Ewel et al. 1987; Sakamoto .
Influence of cations and borate on the alkaline extraction of xylan and glucomannan from pine pulps

Southern pine pulp fibers were extracted with Na, K, and Li hydroxides at several concentrations from 0.5 to 4.0 m (molal). The amounts of extracted xylan and glucomannan increased with the swelling of the cellulose structure up to 2.0–2.5 m. The addition of H3BO3 to alkaline solutions produced the B(OH) anion, which had less swelling power than OH−. It was not effective for removal of xylan except for some very accessible xylan of holocellulose. Removal of xylan from chemical pulps depended upon OH− in molar excess over H3BO3. In the same extractions, glucomannan removal was enhanced by B(OH) alone and further increased by additional OH−. The formation of anions (carboxylate in xylan and borate complex of glucomannan) appeared to be important for the release of polymer from within the cellulose structure. Some glucomannan was more accessible in oxygen pulp than in holocellulose. The resorbed xylan of kraft pulp was less accessible than the xylans of either holocellulose or oxygen pulp.
Design and Application of a Pulsed Cavity Ring-Down Aerosol Extinction Spectrometer for Field Measurements

This paper describes the design and application of a pulsed cavity ring-down aerosol extinction spectrometer (CRD-AES) for in-situ atmospheric measurement of the aerosol extinction coefficient and its relative humidity dependence. This CRD-AES measures the aerosol extinction coefficient (σ ep) at 355 nm, 532 nm, 683 nm, and 1064 nm with a minimal size dependent bias for particles with diameter less than 10 μm. The σ ep at 532 nm is measured with an accuracy of 1% when extinction is ≥ 10 Mm −1 . The precision is limited by statistical fluctuations within the small optical volume and the time resolution of extinction at 2% uncertainty for various air mass types is evaluated. The CRD-AES is configured with two separate cavity ring-down cells for measurement of the extinction coefficient at 532 nm. This allows the determination of the RH dependence of extinction at 532 nm through independent RH control of the sample for each measurement. Gas phase absorption and minimization of potential interferences is also considered.
Preparation and characterizations of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) nanoparticles and UV‐curable Ta2O5‐acrylic nanocomposites

Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) nanoparticles with the sizes in the range of 20–50 nm were prepared via a chemical route in which the oleic acid (OLEA) was adopted as the surfactant for the synthesis process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the as-synthesized Ta2O5 transforms from amorphous to hexagonal and orthorhombic structures at the temperatures of 700°C and 750°C, respectively, illustrating the suppression of recrystallization temperature of Ta2O5 due to the particle size reduction. UV-curable nanocomposites containing the Ta2O5 nanoparticles and acrylic matrix were also prepared. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) found an about 10–20°C improvement on the 5% weight-loss thermal decomposition temperatures (Tds). Dielectric measurement showed that the dielectric constant of nanocomposite increases with the increase in the filler loading without severe deterioration of dielectric loss. The increment of dielectric constants was ascribed to the addition of high-dielectric inorganic fillers as well as the presence of interfacial polarization at the organic/inorganic interfaces. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
DOES LIFE AND NON-LIFE INSURANCE MARKET DEVELOPMENT PROMOTE ECONOMIC GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM BRICS NATIONS

In this paper the nexus between insurance market and economic progress has been studied in the presence of controlled variables for all five BRICS nations from 1992 to 2017. Two important growth indicators of insurance; insurance penetration and insurance density have been considered as a proxy of insurance development in BRICS. The study has employed panel data cointegration on the selected variables, followed by causality test, fixed effect and FMOLS. The results have proved the causality and impact of insurance market development on economic growth of BRICS nations. All the insurance indicators have shown a significant positive effect on economic growth, except total life insurance density. Non-life insurance penetration has the strongest influence on economic growth with a coefficient of 0.55, followed by the coefficient of 0.29 for composite insurance index.
Naproxen solubility in binary and ternary solvents of polyethylene glycols 200, 400 or 600 with ethanol and water at 298.2 K – experimental data report and modelling

The solubilities of naproxen in the binary and ternary mixtures of polyethylene glycols 200, 400 or 600 with ethanol and water (185 data points) at 298.2 K are determined and mathematically represented by cosolvency models. The obtained overall mean relative deviations (OMRDs) for fitting the solubility data of naproxen in binary and ternary mixtures using Williams–Amidon and Jouyban–Acree model are 15.7% and 16.5%, respectively, and the OMRD values for predicting the solubility data of naproxen by the trained versions of Williams–Amison and Jouyban–Acree models are 71.1% and 64.4%, respectively.
Size Effect for Lead Zirconium Titanate Nanopowders with Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 Composition

This paper focuses on the size effect for lead zirconate titanate. Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (PZT30) nanopowders with different sizes were prepared by chemical solution deposition. The crystal sizes of the prepared samples were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal structures were identified by XRD. The c/a ratio or tetragonality for PZT30 nanocrystals was close to 1 with decreasing crystal size. Raman spectra for PZT30 nanocrystals with various grain sizes have been observed to show the sudden decrease in the soft mode frequencies E(1TO) and A1(1TO) at around 25 nm, suggesting the existence of the critical size for PZT30 nanopowders. The intrinsic dielectric constant which was calculated from the phonon mode shift by using the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller (LST) relation increased with decreasing crystal size. The temperature dependence of Raman spectra clearly revealed that Tc for PZT30 nanopowder shifted due to the size effect.
Soil Solution Composition as Affected by Liming and Incubation

Samples of three acid soils were limed with CaCO/sub 3/ and incubated at approximately field capacity moisture content. Soil solution samples were obtained by miscible displacement at intervals of 1, 5, 27, and 52 weeks after liming. The rapid influence of added CaCO/sub 3/ was shown by the large increases in soils solution pH, Ca, and HCO/sub 3/ found 1 week after liming. Other effects of liming included increases in soil solution NO/sub 3/ and organic matter, and reduction in K and Si. The activities of the major cations (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) and NO/sub 3/ increased substantially, whereas pH decreased during incubation. The decline in pH was accompanied by increases in Al, Mn, and Zn in solutions obtained from unlimed soils. The changes with time were apparently due to liberation of protons along with NO/sub 3/ into soil solution as a result of organic matter mineralization. Basic cations were displaced from exchange sites by protons, while Al, Mn, and Zn were released into solution as the acidity of the system increased. Logarithims of activities of Al/sup 3 +/, Mn/sup 2 +/, and Zn/sup 2 +/ were linearly related to solution pH. These relationships were such as to suggestmore » that the mechanisms controlling the solubilities of these ions were similar in each soil. The solubilities, however, were not consistent with published solubilities of any common minerals. A tendency for solubilities to be comparatively high at higher pH may be an indication that soluble organic complexes were underestimated. 31 references, 4 figures, 3 tables. « less
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF POST AND PRE BIRTH EARLY AGE HEAT CONDITIONING ON RABBITS KITS

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early life heat conditioning on some physiological parameters in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Animals were divided into four groups with five replicates, in each replicate six kits (4 x 5 x 6), the first group kits were taken from litter of control does (control), the second group kits were taken from litter of does were exposed to heat conditioning at day 15 of pregnancy (36±1°C for 6 hrs), the third group were taken from litter of control does, and were exposed to early age heat conditioning (36±1°C for 6 hrs) after birth and the fourth group were taken from litter of does were exposed to heat conditioning at day 15 of pregnancy (36±1°C for 6 hrs) at day 15 of pregnancy and were exposed to early age heat conditioning (36±1°C for 6 hrs) after birth. Red blood cells (RBCs), White blood cells (WBCs) and Hemoglobin (Hb) values were greater on rabbits in fourth group than the third and second groups compared with the lowest values in control group. Rectal temperature and the level of Cholesterol and Corticosterone of rabbits in the 16 week of age under hot summer season in the control group were greater than that in other groups. Early age heat conditioning of all treated groups caused significant (p<0.05) decreased in liver functions (plasma ALT and AST activity) and Kidney functions (urea and creatinine levels). Total antioxidant capacity, Catalase in plasma and Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) of all treated groups were higher than in the control group. Body weight and body weight gain at 8, 12 and 16 weeks in kits of heat exposure groups than in the control group. In conclusion, early age heat conditioning of rabbits kits post, pre birth or together led to the improvement in post weaning growth and in thermo-tolerance during the summer season in rabbits.
Effect of Relative Density and Fines Content on Pullout Resistance Performance of Drilled Shafts

This paper described a results of direct shear test and pullout test by using soil supported by drilled shafts in order to evaluate the effect of relative density and fines content on pullout resistance performance of drilled shafts. The result of direct shear test showed that the variation characteristics of internal friction angle and cohesion could be confirmed quantitatively. The result of pullout test also showed that the effect of relative density and fines content on pullout resistance performance of drilled shafts was confirmed. That is, the contribution of the internal friction angle and cohesion of soils on the pullout resistance performance of drilled shafts was found to vary, when the fines content was about 13% based on results direct shear test and pullout test. Therefore, at design of drilled shafts, the effect of skin friction resistance should be considered on the influence factor of strength parameters () according to the fines content of soil.
Bioavailability of Chelated and Soil-Adsorbed Copper to Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

The effect of chelated and soil-adsorbed copper on whole-cell soluble methane monooxygenase activity in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b was measured to assess the bioavailability of these forms of copper. Strongly binding chelating agents (Log K > 16) added to the growth medium at a concentration of 20 μM were able to reduce copper bioavailability. As these chelating agents limited equilibrium binding of copper by cell-produced copper binding ligands and limited accumulation by passive uptake mechanisms, it appears the ability of the cells' copper uptake system to sequester copper in a bioavailable form is compromised by these competing ligands. Copper sorbed as surface complexes on montmorillonite clay, γ-alumina, ferrihydrite, and goethite were bioavailable. However, with increasing concentration of surface sites, bioavailability decreased, indicating the competitive advantage for copper binding provided by high concentrations of binding sites limited the ability of the cells' copper uptake system to ac.
High-temperature high-pressure Raman spectra from liquid water

Raman spectra were obtained from liquid water at 33 kbar and at 170 and 200/degrees/C with a diamond anvil cell. Pressure were determined from the observed ice VII-water melting temperatures. Comparison of the present data, with data from Lindner and Franck, indicates that the OH-stretching peak position, . delta. /anti/v in reciprocal centimeters, decreases with increasing pressure at constant temperature. The OH-stretching peak position, at 33 kbar and 170/degrees/C (Hugoniot conditions), was plotted with Raman data obtained from shock-compressed water. This plot shows a rise in the OH-stretching peak position from about 3410 cm/sup /minus/1/ at 1 atm, to a maximum of about 3440 cm/sup /minus/1/ at about 90 kbar, followed by a decrease to about 3400 cm/sup /minus/1/ at 257 kbar. This maximum is thought to result from two competing effects: (1) hydrogen-bond rupture due to rising temperature and (2) decreasing nearest neighbor O-O distance due to compression, with a concomitant increase of the OH bond length and decrease in the OH-stretching force constant. Further analysis of the data suggests that the double-to-single, hydrogen-bond, potential-well transformation, which is known to occur for linear hydrogen bonds, also occurs for severely bent, non-hydrogen-bonded, O-H-O configurations.
Numerical Simulation of Coupled Flow and Transport with TOUGH2: A Verification Study

We have tested T2DM, the dispersion module of TOUGH2, on two classic flow problems: (1) the seawater intrusion problem of Henry (1964); and (2) the pure solutal free convection problem of Elder (1967). T2DM produces results in agreement with prior work for similar spatial discretizations. In the Henry problem, finer spatial discretization allows the seawater tongue to penetrate slightly farther without affecting the overall flow dynamics. In the strongly coupled pure solutal free convection problem of Elder, results produced by T2DM using high-resolution grids differ markedly from lower-resolution results. These high-resolution simulations agree closely with laboratory experiments.
FITODEPURACIÓN DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DOMESTICAS CON POACEAS: Brachiaria mutica, Pennisetum purpureum y Panicum maximunEN EL MUNICIPIO DE POPAYÁN, CAUCA

Brisas de San Isidro in the Municipality of Popayan settlement does not have system of collection of sewage, which is dumped directly on the Lame River, causing pollution by organic loading and from household detergents. The objective was to evaluate different species of grasses, looking for an alternative for management of domestic wastewater with useful plants in animal feed. For this purpose were established wetlands under a design by temporal sampling and a factorial arrangement of blocks at random. Residual water samples were taken (pH, dissolved oxygen (do) concentration of CO2, biochemical demand oxygen (DBO), oxygen chemical demand (COD), conductivity, ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3)-, phosphate (PO4) and nitrite (NO2-) and biochemical demand of oxygen (BOD5) every two weeks for six months. The statistical analysis was performed by means of an ANOVA by comparing the exposed treatments and hoc Tuckey test. The analysis of variance showed differences significant statistics parameters for dissolved oxygen (do), oxygen chemical demand (COD), ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-) and total coliforms; demonstrating that the best treatments were B. mutica and p. maximun
Die Wirksamkeit psychologischer und psychopharmakologischer Interventionen bei pathologischem Glückspiel – Eine Metaanalyse

Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie berichtet uber eine Meta-Analyse zur Wirksamkeit psychologischer und psycho-pharmakologischer Behandlungsmethoden des pathologischen Spiels. Methode: Dazu wurde eine systematische Literaturanalyse bis einschlieslich Juli 2006 der Datenbanken PsycInfo, PsyndexPlus, Pascal, Biomed, Medline und Scopus durchgefuhrt. Von den daraus resultierenden 144 Studien erfullten 56 mit einem N = 3.551 die Einschlusskriterien. Inkludiert wurden sowohl Studien mit einem Pra-Post-Katamnese-Design wie auch solche mit einer Vergleichs- oder Kontrollgruppe. Effektstarken wurden nach Cohen’s d berechnet. Bei Studien mit mehr als einem Outcome-Kriterium wurden diese gemittelt. Ergebnisse: Psychopharmakologische Behandlungen (d = .83; p ≤ .01; CI(95 %) = . 72 – . 95) erwiesen sich zum Therapieende als effektiver als psychologische (d = .63; p ≤ .01; CI(95 %) = . 54 – . 72). Deren Effekte waren zum Follow-up (M = 17 Monate) jedoch hoch (d = 1.26; p ≤ .01; CI(95 %) = 1.15 – 1.37): Wegen fehlender S.
LEED analysis of the surface structure of decagonal Al–Co–Ni using its W-approximant as a model structure

Abstract The analysis of low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensities from quasicrystal surfaces requires the use of periodic model structures that contain the same structure features as the quasicrystal. In this paper, we present the analysis of LEED data from 10-fold decagonal Al–Co–Ni using the W approximant structure as the model. A preference was found for an Al-rich termination of the surface, with very little relaxation of the surface planes relative to the bulk structure. This result is similar to the results of an ab inito calculation of a similar surface structure [1]. The results are compared from earlier analyses of the same data using different structure models [2].
The use of tin(IV) chloride to selectively cleave benzyl esters over benzyl ethers and benzyl amines

Benzyl esters are cleaved upon reaction with SnCl4, resulting in isolation of the corresponding carboxylic acid. Importantly, benzyl ethers, amines, and amides do not undergo debenzylation under these conditions, nor do a variety of other common protecting groups for alcohols, thereby rendering SnCl4 selective amongst Lewis acids. The scope, tolerance, and limitations of the strategy are demonstrated through the analysis of several multifunctional substrates, including those bearing Cbz groups.
Hydrolysis of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)

The hydrolysis of the α, β, and ϵ polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20) was investigated in dilute buffered aqueous solutions over a pH range of 4–10 and at 35, 43, 50, 58 and 65°C, with starting concentrations of CL-20 at one half the solubility limit for the respective temperature. In all cases, an overall first-order kinetic behavior was observed. The rate constants, half-lives, activation energies, and Arrhenius pre-exponential factors were determined. The latter was found to vary linearly with pH. Based on these findings, general formulas for the hydrolysis kinetics of the three polymorphs were developed.
Testing Biologically Active Filters for Removing Aldehydes Formed During Ozonation

This pilot-plant study was initiated to evaluate biological filtration for the removal of aldehydes formed during ozonation. An additional objective of this testing was to demonstrate that aldehyde measurements could be used as a surrogate for analysis of assimilable organic carbon (AOC). The use of granular activated carbon (GAC) as an alternative to anthracite coal as the filter medium was also investigated, and it was observed that GAC filters developed biological activity sooner and showed longer-term stability. Although biological activity was established sooner on slow-rate filters, the high-rate filters in time achieved a comparable capability. Data for formaldehyde and glyoxal provide information on removal of readily biodegradable and more recalcitrant ozone by-products, respectively, and demonstrate trends similar to those for the removal of AOC.
Scaling feature selection algorithms using MapReduce on Apache Hadoop

Domains such as internet algorithms, computational biology or social link analysis deal with very large datasets, also called Big Data. In these scenarios, single machine learning algorithms cannot handle easily the entire data to produce models and MapReduce emerged as new paradigm to query data in distributed systems. Apache Hadoop is the result of the open source community in letting this technology available for everyone. There is a huge amount of information locked up in databases and these information can be exploited with machine learning techniques, which aim to find and describe structural patterns in data. Our work focused on feature selection algorithms because they generalize prediction models reducing the noise in input. We implemented two state-of-the-art feature selection algorithms (Ranking and mRMR) according to the MapReduce programming paradigm and we made them available to the open source Big Data community. In order to visualize and model the scalability of the approach, we ran several and extensive performance tests at the university computing center, where we first built a user friendly service which dynamically deploys Apache Hadoop in the cluster. The results mostly matched our expectations and theoretical analysis, when algorithms ran over large datasets.
Electrical Properties of Dy2O3-Doped BaTiO3

The effects of Dy addition on the electrical properties of BaTiO3 have been studied by analyzing equilibrium electrical conductivity as a function of temperature, oxygen partial pressure (Po2) and composition. In(Ba1-xDyx)TiO3+0.5x, the conductivity follows the -1/4th power dependence of Po2 at high oxygen activities, which supports the notion that cation vacancies are generated to compensate for Dy donors, and is nearly independent of Po2 where electron compensation prevails at a low Po2. The incorporation of “Dy3+” ion into Ti sites up to 2.0 mol% showed the typical acceptor-doped behavior of the Dy3+ ion. Curie temperature (Tc) was systematically decreased when the Dy3+ ion was incorporated into Ti sites.
Removal of Brilliant Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Home Made Activated Carbons

Activated carbon materials were prepared from the Brazilian pine-fruit shell (Araucaria angustifolia) by chemically activated carbon (CAC) and chemically and physically activated carbon (CPAC), and tested as adsorbents for the removal of brilliant green (BG) dye from aqueous effluents. The mixed activation process leads to increases in the specific surface area, average porous volume, and average porous diameter of the adsorbent CPAC when compared to CAC. The effects of shaking time, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption capacity were studied. BG uptake was favorable at pH values ranging from 2.0 to 10.0 for both CAC and CPAC. The contact time required to obtain the equilibrium using CAC and CPAC as adsorbents was 4 h at 298 K, respectively. The fractionary-order kinetic model provided the best fit to experimental data compared with other models. Equilibrium data were better fit to the Sips and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models using CAC and CPAC as adsorbents. The enthalpy and entropy of adsorption of BG were obtained from adsorption experiments ranging from 298 to 323 K.