Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vibration Analysis and Development of a Submersible Ultrasonic Transducer for an Application in the Inhibitory Activity of Pathogenic Bacteria

Development of a new generation of a submersible ultrasonic transducer (SUT) using vibrational analysis aimed for higher efficiency and inhibitory activity of pathogenic bacteria has been presented. The SUT with a dual-stepped shape of front mass and PZT8 transducer working at 50W, 110V, 50 kHz has been examined by the plate counting method. It was found that the SUT could inhibit pathogenic bacteria, e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. For the vibrational analysis, the results were derived from structural and acoustic simulations using harmonic response analysis (HRA) in ANSYS software. In the structural simulation, the results showed a natural frequency and total deformations both inside and outside of the original SUT corresponding to the results measured by a laser doppler vibrometer. The acoustic simulation, set up as an actual operation at different depths from the water surface, has been applied. The HRA revealed various distributions of acoustic pressure. For further distances away from the SUT, the acoustic pressure decreased. When the SUT has been submerged deeper into the media, the acoustic pressure becomes larger at positions close to the bottom of the tank. This discovery is consistent with power concentration measurement. For the development of the SUT, this research proposed other 5 models as the candidate to be investigated. The results from the acoustic simulation confirmed that the different shapes of the front mass provided different acoustic pressure distributions. The wider head of the front mass in the modified dual-stepped shape generated the highest acoustic pressure and was fully distributed through an all-over cleaning tank. Therefore, this proposed model is suitable for industrial commercialization and possesses the inhibitory activity of pathogenic bacteria.
Using the Visuo-Haptic Illusion to Perceive and Manipulate Different Virtual Objects in Augmented Reality

The prop-based 3D virtual object manipulation method is widely used for interaction in Augmented Reality (AR) due to its convenience and flexibility. However, when the represented virtual object is different in size and shape from the physical prop, the look and feel of the object are not well aligned. To address this problem, we present a dynamic finger remapping approach to creating a visuohaptic illusion that dynamically adjusts the presented virtual hand posture to fit different sizes and shapes of virtual objects in AR. The finger movement toward a physical prop is synchronously remapped to the movement of the virtual fingers towards the corresponding virtual object. We developed a system that enables users to perceive consistent visual and tactile feedback while grasping and releasing various virtual objects represented by a physical prop. We conducted a user study to explore the effect of this visuo-haptic illusion on the perceived size of virtual objects. The sizes of the rendered virtual object and the physical prop were set as independent variables. We found that the perceived size of a virtual object varied with its rendered size in an almost linear fashion, while the physical prop size did not significantly affect the perception. We also conducted a second study to compare our system with a current prop-based method on virtual object manipulation. The results indicated that when using a physical prop to represent different virtual objects in AR, the remapped hands could effectively improve the realism and naturalness of the experience.
Identification and control of piezoelectric benders for skin mechanical impedance estimation

This paper presents an integrated probe, designed to measure the rheological properties of the skin in situ. It includes two piezoelectric bender actuators and strain gauges as sensors. The advantage of the proposed probe is that the measurements of tip force and displacement are accomplished without external devices. A feedback voltage control is applied to control the vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric benders. Through feedback from integrated strain gauges, the displacement control is achieved. As shown in the simulation, the closed-loop system is robust to disturbance and uncertainty. The proposed probe may be used to measure skin mechanical impedance.
Effect of bump shapes on the electromigration reliability of copper pillar solder joints

As the distance between the copper pillars and the size of the solder continues to shrink, the solder joints are subjected to extremely high current density and thermal energy density. This paper is aiming to analyze the electromigration reliability of solder joint with different shapes. Both experiment and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to investigate the Mean-time-to-failure(MTTF) of solder joints. Firstly, finite element models of solder joints were established. And then, the current density, temperature, and stress distribution in the solder joints were analyzed according to the model. After that, the chip samples were made by thermal compression bonding. The electromigration experiments were carried out at 150°C, and the interface evolution of solder joints with different shapes was analyzed. Finally, the modified Black's formula was adopted to calculate the MTTF of three different solder joints. According to the calculation results, it can be obtained that cylinder-shaped solder joints have better electromigration reliability than hourglass-shaped bumps and barrel-shaped bumps.
A CNN-based Hybrid Model and Architecture for Shilling Attack Detection

Recommendation systems are widely used in various areas to personalize recommendations and suggestions to users. However, they are vulnerable to shilling attacks in which malicious users try to promote their products or diminish their competitors'. Therefore, detecting shilling attacks can significantly improve the quality of recommender systems and user experience. With the increasing complexity of attacks and changes in attackers' behavior, more advanced approaches are required to find the hidden patterns in data. This paper proposes a CNN-based hybrid model and architecture to integrate self-learning and flexible aspects of CNN with other approaches to enhance the prediction results of shilling attacks. Two benchmark datasets are used in the experimental analysis, the Movie-Lens 100K and Netflix. The performance of the proposed hybrid models is compared to that of the traditional deep learning and machine learning detection methods. Experimental results show that the superiority of hybrid models over individual models depends on the sparsity level of data and divergence of results.
Implementation of an Adapted Ant Algorithm in the Presence of Substitute and Complementary Resources. Modeling the Behavior of the Manufacturer

This paper considers the possibility of using an adapted ant algorithm to work with a swarm of robots in the presence of substitute and complementary resources. It was proposed to expand the capabilities of the adapted ant algorithm by using separate pheromone maps for each group of substitute resources. By computer simulation, it has been shown that an adapted ant algorithm can be successfully extended to control a swarm of robots operating in the presence of several types of resources. It was shown that using a swarm of robots controlled by the proposed algorithm, the equilibrium of the manufacturer can be achieved without applying the concept of economic man.
GAN-FM: Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Using GAN With Full-Scale Skip Connection and Dual Markovian Discriminators

A good result of infrared and visible image fusion should not only maintain significant contrast for distinguishing targets from the backgrounds, but also contain rich scene textures to cater for human visual perception. However, previous fusion methods usually do not fully utilize the information, and hence their fused results sacrifice either the salience of thermal targets or the sharpness of textures. To address this challenge, we propose a novel Generative Adversarial Network with Full-scale skip connection and dual Markovian discriminators (GAN-FM) to fully preserve effective information in infrared and visible images. First, a full-scale skip connected generator is designed to extract and fuse deep features of different scales, which can promote the direct transmission of shallow high-contrast features to the deep level, preserving the thermal radiation targets from the semantic level. As a result, the fused image can maintain significant contrast. Second, we propose two Markovian discriminators to establish adversarial games with the generator, so as to estimate probability distributions of infrared and visible modalities at the same time. Unlike conventional global discriminator, the Markovian discriminators try to distinguish each patch of input images, thus the attention of network is restricted to local regions and the fused results are forced to contain more details. In addition, we propose an effective joint gradient loss to ensure the harmonious coexistence of contrast and texture, which prevents the background texture pollution caused by the edge diffusion of the high-contrast target regions. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our GAN-FM has advantages over the state-of-the-art methods in preserving significant contrast and rich textures. Moreover, we apply the fused image generated by our method to object detection and image segmentation, which can effectively improve the performance.
Technology of GaN-Based Large Area CAVETs With Co-Integrated HEMTs

In this work, multi-finger current aperture vertical electron transistors (CAVETs) are fabricated with co-integrated high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The devices are realized by Mg-ion implantation and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) regrowth. The intrinsic CAVET design is optimized for robust device performance and applied on multi-finger devices having a total gate periphery of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}_{{\text {G}}} =13.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}_{{\text {G}}} =77$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. Mappings of the transfer characteristics revealed reliable turn-off behavior demonstrating the suitability of the intrinsic device layout. The largest CAVETs revealed a total ON-state resistance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}} = 1.67\,\,\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a maximum drain current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{{\text {D},\text {MAX}}} =20.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}} = {3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. A pulse robustness of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}_{\text {PULS}} =976$ </tex-math></inline-formula> W at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {DS}} =50$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V and a pulsewidth of 500 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is shown without thermal destruction. Additionally, HEMTs are co-integrated on-chip. This combination of HEMTs and reliable large area CAVETs enables the design of high-performance, monolithically integrated GaN power circuits (GaN power ICs) based on the CAVET technology.
Robust Contactless Waveguide Flange for Fast Measurements

Good electrical contact is always required between waveguide flanges of the test system and DUT to minimize leakage and losses that will degrade circuit performance. This requires the DUT to be tightly and carefully connected to avoid gaps and mismatches. This can be time consuming, especially when performing repeated measurements on multi-port devices. In this paper we present a contactless flange that can be used at millimeter-wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) frequencies. Unlike conventional waveguide flanges, the contactless flange can be used to perform fast measurements because normal flange screws are not required. An E-band prototype has already been successfully designed, manufactured, and tested. The use of contactless waveguide flanges allows for faster, accurate, and reliable mmW and THz measurements.
Analytical eddy current loss model for foil conductors in gapped cores

For modelling and optimizing gapped high-frequency inductors, the calculation of eddy current losses in foil windings due to the two-dimensional fringing field caused by air gaps in the core is important. The winding loss models must offer a high accuracy when calculating the 2D field distribution and must be computationally efficient in order to enable several thousand calculations required during the optimization. This article proposes an analytical model based on the magnetic vector potential formulation that can predict the eddy current losses in foil windings due to the fringing field of an arbitrary number of air gaps. The analytical model is combined into a closed-form loss formula and verified by FEA simulations.
Wideband and Low-Power Delta-Sigma ADCs: State of the Art, Trends and Implementation Examples

Continuous-time Delta-Sigma (ΔΣ) ADCs have obtained a dominant position for the digitization in wireless receivers. With steadily improved theoretical understanding, architectural innovations and excellent circuit designs, they have achieved bandwidths of hundreds of MHz, while showing high resolution with highly competetive power efficiency. Moreover, due to their filtering properties, CT ΔΣ modulators are highly attractive for hostile receiver environments. In this review, the background and recent architectural and circuit innovations will be highlighted, including an exceeding number of hybrid designs, which improved both the application scenario as well as the power efficiency of this class of ADC. State-of-the-art examples will be illustrated and open research topics discussed.
Urban Traffic Light Control Considering Capacity Difference between Public Bus and Private Vehicles

Due to the rapid growth of transportation demands for economic development, the importance of effective urban traffic signal control can never be underestimated, and the severe space saturation greatly limit the operations of transportation. In this paper, public buses and other vehicles are treated as different traffic flows. We address the urban traffic signal control problem in a scheduling framework by considering that the capacity of a public bus is much greater than that of other vehicles. The dynamics of an urban traffic network controlled by traffic lights are described by a novel model, which is formed by inserting mixed logical constraints into a cell transmission flow dynamic model. It includes the nonlinear relationship among the current link volume from the upstream, the current remaining link capacity from the downstream and the state of the traffic light. With the objective of minimizing the total delay time in the traffic network for people in the private vehicles and buses, we obtain a mixed integer linear programming problem, which is converted by the traffic signal control problem. We further analyze the influence of the number of passengers on buses and the time interval. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by comparing the models with and without considering the public transport regular. When the average number of passengers on a bus increases from 10 to 60, the degree of optimization ranges from 17% to 51% in the two-stage model and from 4% to 26% in the four-stage model. Finally, we consider the case without bus lanes and show the importance of dedicated bus lanes.
Knowledge-based Sense Disambiguation of Multiword Expressions in Requirements Documents

Understanding the meaning and the senses of expressions is essential to analyze natural language requirements. Disambiguation of expressions in their context is needed to prevent misinterpretations. Current knowledge-based disambiguation approaches only focus on senses of single words and miss out on linking the shared meaning of expressions consisting of multiple words. As these expressions are common in requirements, we propose a sense disambiguation approach that is able to detect and disambiguate multiword expressions. We use a two-tiered approach to be able to use different techniques for detection and disambiguation. Initially, a conditional random field detects multiword expressions. Afterwards, the approach disambiguates these expressions and retrieves the corresponding senses using a knowledge-based approach. The knowledge-based approach has the benefit that only the knowledge base has to be exchanged to adapt the approach to new domains and knowledge. Our approach is able to detect multiword expressions with an F1-score of 88.4% in an evaluation on 997 requirement sentences. The sense disambiguation achieves up to 57% F1-score.
Method to Obtain LED Spectrum Optimizing Protection Effect and Color Quality for Lighting Dyed Cultural Relics Painted With Inorganic Pigments

Spectral radiation could cause color damage to dyed cultural relics, and finding a method to obtain a minimum-damage light source is a key issue to be solved. In this paper, the color change behavior of pigments under exposure was experimentally investigated by irradiating 17 typical inorganic pigments used for dyed cultural relics with 10 different narrow-band LED light sources. Through an analysis of the color difference of the test pigments against the amount of exposure, the responsivity equations of the pigments were obtained and a mathematical model for predicting the color damage degree was proposed. The 10 kinds of narrow-band light were combined to obtain 106 LED by using the exhaustive method. The Ra, R9, and | Duv | value of the above spectra were calculated. Ra≥90, R9≥0, and | Duv | ≤0.0054 were taken as the evaluation basis, and 35,398 spectra that met color rendering requirements were obtained. The established mathematical model was used to calculate the color damage value to find the minimum-damage spectrum, which was then input into a Thouslite LEDCube system for reduction. An experiment was conducted among the minimum-damage LED and 3 randomly selected light sources, and results showed that the minimum-damage LED light source has an obvious illumination protection effect.
A QoS-based Evaluation of SDN Controllers: ONOS and OpenDayLight

SDN marks a paradigm shift towards an externalized and logically centralized controller, unlike the legacy networks where control and data planes are tightly coupled. The controller has a comprehensive view of the network, offering flexibility to enforce new traffic engineering policies and easing automation. In SDN, a high performance controller is required for efficient traffic management. In this paper, we conduct a performance evaluation of two distributed SDN controllers, namely ONOS and OpenDayLight. Specifically, we use the Mininet emulation environment to emulate different topologies and the D-ITG traffic generator to evaluate aforementioned controllers based on metrics such as delay, jitter and packet loss. The experimental results show that ONOS provides a significantly higher latency, jitter and low packet loss than OpenDayLight in all topologies. We attribute the poor performance of OpenDayLight to its excessive CPU utilization and propose the use of Hyper-threading to improve its performance. This work provides practitioners in the telecoms industry with guidelines towards making informed controller selection decisions
Students' Learning Management System Adoption Intention in COVID-19: An Integration of TPB and TTF Model

COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted educational activities; hence, online training combined with Learning Management System (LMS) is a great idea to ensure the continuity of training activities. This study combined Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) and Task-Technology Fit theory (TTF). The objective of this study was to explore the factors influencing the Students' LMS adoption intention in COVID-19. The study surveyed 876 students who accessed LMS in learning activities at higher education institutions in Vietnam. Research results pointed out that LMS fit learning on COVID-19, attitude towards LMS adoption, and student characteristics related to LMS positively impact LMS adoption intention in COVID-19. Some managerial implications are also suggested to enhance students' LMS adoption intention.
A Maximally Row-Parallel MRAM In-Memory-Computing Macro Addressing Readout Circuit Sensitivity and Area

This paper presents the first MRAM-based In-Memory-Computing (IMC) macro, implemented as a 128-kb array in an advanced-node 22nm FD-SOI technology. The design maximizes IMC row parallelism for energy efficiency and throughput, while addressing the critical challenges this raises, namely: high column currents; high output dynamic-range requirements; and large area of peripheral readout circuits. These are addressed through current-insensitive column-multiplexing and high-sensitivity readout circuits, occupying 26% of the macro area. Residual IMC non-idealities, arising from statistical circuit variations, are modeled and incorporated in a chip-generalized one-time neural-network training algorithm, with CIFAR-10 image-classification accuracy demonstrated at 90.1%, equal to ideal digital computation. The design addresses the particularly high sensitivity required for MRAM-based IMC compared to other non-volatile memory technologies, while achieving area-normalized throughput of 758 GOPS/mm2 and energy efficiency of 5.1 TOPS/w for the macro.
Sub-THz VNA-based Channel Sounder Structure and Channel Measurements at 100 and 300 GHz

Sub-THz, i.e. frequency range 100 - 300 GHz, frequency bands have attracted huge interest in recent years for beyond 5G communication and high data-rate applications, due to its large available frequency bandwidth. In this work, we presented two vector network analyzer (VNA) based channel sounder systems, operating at the frequency range of 75-110 GHz and 220-330 GHz, respectively. The focus is on the channel sounder structure, link budget as well as system calibration performance. Moreover, we presented a simple wideband directional measurement in a rich scattering laboratory scenario with the two discussed channel sounders. The results showed that similar dominant multipath components (MPCs) can be observed in the two frequency bands, yet many more weak MPCs can be seen at 100 GHz, compared to results at 300 GHz.
Study on die-bonding key technology of UV LED packaging

Due to its potential market value, the packaging and application technology of UV LED are paid more and more attention. In this paper, the die-bonding interface and thermal resistance of UV LED were investigated by using different TIMs, and the influence of junction temperature on photochromic properties was studied. The results show that the traditional silver glue as a thermal interface material has the highest junction temperature, and its advantage is that it is cheap. Compared with SnAgCu solder, Nano Ag paste has better thermal conductivity and better thermal stability, but the price is higher. Moreover, the reflow process of Sn based solder is more mature. Compared with AuSn and SnAgCu solder, the research results show that the problem of solid-state interface of Sn based solder is poor thermal stability. Under the action of electric stress and thermal stress, the interface will have atomic migration. After high temperature aging, the interface of AuSn solder-boning interface even has serious atom migration and relatively large voids. The study indicated that with the increase of junction temperature, the radiation power and photochromic characteristics of all tested samples decrease.