Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VIRTUAL REALITY IN MALAYSIAN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH

Virtual Reality (VR) technology was crucial in aiding remote teaching and learning session during the Covid-19 pandemic. Transitioning to the post pandemic era, VR technologies are deemed as a useful tool to facilitate learning. Several literature reviews have analysed and synthesized the use of VR in education; however, academic activity lacks a recent systematic literature review (SLR) on VR in the field of English as a Second Language Learning (ESL) in the context of Malaysian ESL learning. 13 scholarly manuscripts from 12 journals were retrieved from the year 2011 to 2021, analysed, and synthesized under the following focus: (a) VR technology utilized, the duration of educational activities, and the language learning settings in the Malaysian ESL context; (b) the possible benefits and drawbacks of adopting VR as a teaching tool in the Malaysian ESL classroom; (c) future directions regarding the educational use of VR. The study concluded that VR technologies encourage English language learning; intrinsically motivate pupils to learn; provide convenience for feedback and communication; practicality; and creates an enjoyable authentic classroom environment. However, challenges like lacks of technical support for practitioners; limited internet access; limited application designated for language learning; participants’ unfamiliarity with VR; outdated software and/or hardware; and dearth number of research papers were also identified in this study. It is suggested that in the future, bigger-scale research on main language skills should be done; further research on VR technologies available; increase duration of study; research in other areas and levels of schools, and initiate more experimental studies.
The generic local time-optimal stabilizing controls in dimension 3

This paper studies the control system \[\dot x(t) = X(x(t)) + Y(x(t))u(t),\qquad X(p_0 ) = 0,| {u(t)} | \leqq 1,\] where X and Y are $\mathcal{C}^\infty $ vector fields on a 3-dimensional manifold $\mathcal{M}$. Under generic assumptions on X, Y, the structure of the time-optimal stabilizing controls is completely determined in a neighborhood of $p_0 $. The proofs rely on a systematic use of a local asymptotic approximation of X and Y by means of vector fields which generate a nilpotent Lie algebra.
Evaluation of Eco-Innovation and Green Economy in EU Countries

A businesses with a green label is associated with resources that are sustainable. This business is linked to the green economy, which can be described as a form of economy that is responsible in relation to the environment and economic growth, and thus complementary. In this type of economy, viable products are created, but also solutions and practices that take the environment into account. It is well known that eco-innovation activities are closely linked to the development of an eco-business. The research sample consisted of 10 countries, namely the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, and Finland, which were selected by purposive sampling. In this article, we look at eco innovations in selected countries, specifically ranking them, where we have divided countries into different levels, from countries that are at the super eco-innovation level, to countries that are in the middle zone, to countries that are significantly lagging in this trend. To classify countries into each level, we looked at the following variables: eco-innovation inputs, eco-innovation activities, environmental outcomes, socio-economic outcomes, and the eco-innovation index itself. Taking these sub-results into account, we determined where countries are, in other words, which level they have reached. We found that there are significant differences between countries. As we conclude, there are several reasons for this, but one of them is the lack of communication, coordination, and synergy between institutions, government, and SMEs, which are the drivers of eco-innovation. The supporting quantitative data collection method was data collection and structured observation, which is more precise and therefore provides more detailed information about the reality under study. For the purpose of this thesis, data were obtained from the Statistical Office of the European Union, that is, Eurostat, which is responsible for publishing pan-European statistics and indicators that allowed us to compare countries. In the survey, we compared the five most recent years for which Eurostat data were available, namely 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The overall score of a European Union member state is calculated as the unweighted average of 16 sub-indicators. It shows how well each Member State performs in terms of eco-innovation compared to the European Union average of 100.
Patterns of Medical Admissions and Predictors of Mortality in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study

Background Previous works show that noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in developing nations, including Ethiopia, in the background of preexisting communicable diseases (CDs). Data on hospital admission in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce, particularly prospectively collected, and hence this study was done to close the gap in acquiring accurate diagnosis usually faced with retrospective data. We aimed to describe medical admission patterns, their outcomes and determinants at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH) in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods Data were collected prospectively from November 1, 2017 to October 31, 2018 for all medical admissions. Sociodemographic profiles, final diagnosis, outcome of hospitalization, and complications were recorded using a data-abstraction checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26. Results There were 2084 medical admissions over 1 year. Median age was 45 years (IQR 31). A majority (1107, 53.1%) were male. The age-group 25–34 years had the most admissions (19.0%). NCDs constituted 68.2% of admissions. According to the International Classification of Diseases, patients were admitted most frequently due to disease of the circulatory system (36.7%) followed by infectious or parasitic diseases (24.1%). Of NCDs, cardiovascular diseases contributed to 53.9%, followed by cancers (8.6%). Of CDs, HIV/AIDS contributed to 31.3%, followed by tuberculosis (22.8%). A total of 1375 (66%) were discharged improved, while 311 (14.9%) died. On multivariate analysis, the in-hospital mortality was significantly higher (18.7%) for CDs than NCDs (13.2%, AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3; P<0.001). Bed occupancy of ACSH medical wards and ICU was 54%. Conclusion NCDs were leading causes of medical admissions in ACSH. The presence of CDs and the development of complications were associated with higher risk of death. Attention should be given by policy-makers to curb the higher morbidity from NCDs and mortality from CDs.
GENERIC Formulation of Boltzmann’s Kinetic Equation

We express Boltzmann's kinetic equation in the form of the recently proposed General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC). This GENERIC formulation demonstrates that no dissipative potential is required for representing Boltzmann's kinetic equation in a general framework for non-equilibrium systems.
Utilización de metodologías para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas del hormigón estructural fabricado con áridos reciclados

En este articulo se presentan los resultados del analisis de dos metodologias propuestas para disminuir las diferencias en la resistencia mecanica de hormigones fabricados con altos porcentajes de arido reciclado con respecto a un hormigon tradicional. Las metodologias fueron aplicadas a hormigones estructurales fabricados con un 40% de aridos reciclados y se compararon los resultados obtenidos con un hormigon de control. El primer metodo consistio en aumentar la cantidad de cemento en la mezcla del hormigon en razones de 2,5% hasta llegar a un 10%. El segundo metodo utilizado, consistio en aplicar un procedimiento de desgaste a los aridos reciclados con el efecto de disminuir la cantidad de mortero adherido. Se evaluaron diferentes grados de desgaste. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que, a largo plazo, ambas metodologias resultan beneficiosas obteniendose, en todas las muestras realizadas, resistencias mecanicas equivalentes a las del hormigon de control. PACS: 81.05. Zx
Collective behaviour of dislocations in a finite medium

We derive the grand-canonical partition function of straight and parallel dislocation lines without making a priori assumptions on the temperature regime. Such a systematic derivation for dislocations has, to the best of our knowledge, not been carried out before, and several conflicting assumptions on the free energy of dislocations have been made in the literature. Dislocations have gained interest as they are the carriers of plastic deformation in crystalline materials and solid polymers, and they constitute a prototype system for two-dimensional Coulomb particles. Our microscopic starting level is the description of dislocations as used in the discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) framework. The macroscopic level of interest is characterized by the temperature, the boundary deformation and the dislocation density profile. By integrating over state space, we obtain a field theoretic partition function, which is a functional integral of the Boltzmann weight over an auxiliary field. The Hamiltonian consists of a term quadratic in the field and an exponential of this field. The partition function is strongly non-local, and reduces in special cases to the sine–Gordon model. Moreover, we determine implicit expressions for the response functions and the dominant scaling regime for metals, namely the low-temperature regime.
Uniformizations of stable ( (cid:2) , n ) -gonal Riemann surfaces

A (γ, n ) -gonal pair is a pair ( S , f ) , where S is a closed Riemann surface and f : S → R is a degree n holomorphic map onto a closed Riemann surface R of genus γ . If the signature of ( S , f ) is of hyperbolic type, then it admits a uniformizing pair (Γ , G ) , where G is a Fuchsian group acting on the unit disc D containing Γ as an index n subgroup, such that f is induced by the inclusion Γ ≤ G . The uniformizing pair is uniquely determined by ( S , f ) , up to conjugation by holomorphic automorphisms of D , and it permits to provide a natural complex orbifold structure on the Hurwitz space parametrizing (twisted) isomorphic classes of pairs topologically equivalent to ( S , f ) . In order to produce certain compactiﬁcations of these Hurwitz spaces, one needs to consider the so called stable (γ, n ) -gonal pairs, which are natural geometrical deformations of (γ, n ) -gonal pairs. Due to the above, it seems interesting to search for uniformizations of stable (γ, n ) -gonal pairs, in terms of certain class of Kleinian groups. In this paper we review such uniformizations by using noded Fuchsian groups, obtained from the noded Beltrami differentials of Fuchsian groups that were previously studied by Alexander Vasil’ev and the author, and which provide uniformizations of stable Riemann orbifolds. These uniformizations permit to obtain a compactiﬁcation of the Hurwitz spaces together a complex orbifold structure, these being quotients of the augmented Teichmüller space of G by a suitable ﬁnite index subgroup of its modular group.
Flat Comodules and Perfect Coalgebras

Stenström introduced the notion of flat object in a locally finitely presented Grothendieck category 𝒜. In this article we investigate this notion in the particular case of the category 𝒜 = C-Comod of left C-comodules, where C is a coalgebra over a field K. Several characterizations of flat left C-comodules are given and coalgebras having enough flat left C-comodules are studied. It is shown how far these coalgebras are from being left semiperfect. As a consequence, we give new characterizations of a left semiperfect coalgebra in terms of flat comodules. Left perfect coalgebras are introduced and characterized in analogy with Bass's Theorem P. Coalgebras whose injective left C-comodules are flat are discussed and related to quasi-coFrobenius coalgebras.
Bubble velocities induced by trailing vortices behind neighbours

Although potential flow, including viscous dissipation, explains quite well the flow around individual bubbles of about 1mm radius rising in water, and e.g. predicts their drag quite accurately, this model cannot explain the homogeneous rise of a bubbly suspension. From numerical and analytical work it follows that eventually all bubbles cluster together. On the other hand it has been shown that velocity fluctuations of the bubbles of sufficient intensity, expressed in terms of a critical (pseudo) temperature, prevents clustering. Bubbles with radius above 0.8 mm rising in water perform zigzag or spiralling motions. Recently experimental and numerical work has made it clear that such bubbles have a wake behind them consisting of twin vortical threads carrying vorticity of opposite sign in the direction of motion. It is the purpose of this contribution to make an estimate of the velocity fluctuations induced by these trailing vortices in neighbouring bubbles. To this end the two-threaded wake is represented as a horseshoe vortex similar to the wake behind an airfoil. A pair of bubbles is considered and first the velocity induced by the horseshoe vortex behind one of the pair at the centre of the other is calculated. After this the force exerted on the latter based on the induced velocity and on the relative velocity of the bubbles, due to hydrodynamic interaction is calculated. Then the motion of one bubble in the pair is analysed under the influence both of this force and the hydrodynamic forces already there in the absence of the horseshoe vortex. Using these results and appropriate averaging, an estimate is made of the intensity of the velocity fluctuations of bubbles, and the corresponding temperature.
Association Models and Canonical Correlation in the Analysis of Cross-Classifications Having Ordered Categories

Abstract The association models considered in Goodman (1979a) for the analysis of cross-classifications having ordered categories are presented in a somewhat different form in the present article to facilitate comparison of the results obtained using these models with those obtained using the earlier canonical correlation approach. Both the association models and the canonical correlation approach can provide meaningful scores for the row and column categories, and these scores can be used to partition into relevant components the usual chi-squared statistic for testing the null hypothesis of statistical independence between the row classification and column classification. However, while the usual procedure for testing the statistical significance of chi-squared components is invalid when these components are based on the canonical correlations, a corresponding procedure is valid when these components are obtained with the association models. The components of association obtained with the association mo.
Advancements in Techniques for Calibration and Characterization of In Situ Optical Particle Measuring Probes, and Applications to the FSSP-100 Probe

Abstract Advancements in techniques for the operational calibration and characterization of instrument performance of the Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. (PMS), forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) and optical array probes (OAPs) are presented, which also can be used for most in situ particle-measuring optical probes on the market. These techniques include the determination of a distortion matrix to correct for instrumental broadening of the measured particle size distribution. A new version of a monodisperse droplet generator is introduced for absolute calibration in the size range between 10 and 100 μm. In addition, a high-speed technique was employed for the determination of airspeed influence on the sample volume and the sizing of particles. The calibration of a PMS FSSP with real water droplets may be significantly different from the usual calibration with glass beads. High-speed measurements simulate particles at speeds of up to about 250 m s−1. Particle undersizing and the decrease of the .
THE ECONOMETRICS OF FINANCIAL MARKETS

The abundance of high-frequency financial data and the rapid development of computer hardware have combined to transform financial economics into, arguably, the most empirically oriented field within the social sciences. At the same time, as a result of the difficulty of conducting genuine market experiments, empirical finance remains firmly grounded in the tradition of model-driven statistical inference that is characteristic of economics. Even so, the richness of data has often spurred a practical orientation that is more familiar in the natural sciences. The combination has proved fertile, leading to the classification of a set of loosely connected empirical topics as a distinct entity, financial econometrics.
Oxygen-enhanced Models for Globular Cluster Stars. II. Isochrones and Luminosity Functions

Isochrones and luminosity functions (LFs) on the BV photometric system have been constructed for ages from 10 to 18 Gyr for each of the seven values of [Fe/H] = -2.26, -2.03, -1.78, - 1.66, -1.48, -1.26, and -1.03, and for ages from 5 to 18 Gyr for [Fe/H] = -0.78, -0.65, and -0.47. The loci for ages of 10 Gyr or more have been provided mainly for application to photometry of the Galactic globular clusters (GCs); the rest should be useful for interpreting data for old, metal-poor open clusters. Oxygen-to-iron ratios have been assumed that closely follow the relation [O/Fe] = -0.5 [Fe/H], for [Fe/H] ≥ -1.0, and [O.Fe] = -0.2 [Fe/H] + 0.3, for lower iron abundances
Mission analysis to define satellite orbits for earth radiation budget measurements

Information is presented concerning the number of satellites, the orbit altitude, and the inclinations which will provide the spatial and temporal earth coverage required for accurate radiation measurements on regional, zonal, and global scales. Measurement considerations are discussed and an analysis is conducted regarding the selection of suitable orbit parameters. Attention is also given to the results of a simulation model study for the determination of the radiation which can be measured by satellite sensors in different orbits.
The contribution of parental health to the subsequent social assistance entry of the family with children: a nationwide register-linked birth cohort study in Finland

Aim Our aim in this paper is to quantify the contribution of different parental specialised health care diagnoses to the subsequent risk of entry into the social assistance system for families with children. Methods We used longitudinal population level register data consisting of all children born in 1997 in Finland and their registered parents (54 960 one and two parent families with 801 336 observations in the period 1998 2013). All diagnoses assigned in public specialised health care (ICD 10) and social assistance use records were derived from nationwide administrative registers. Measures of parental socioeconomic status and previous diagnoses and the birth weight of the child were adjusted for in regression models which estimated the association between parental diagnoses and entry into the social assistance system in the following year. Risk ratios and population attributable fractions were calculated. Results Families with a parent somatic diagnosis had a risk ratio of 1.3 for social assistance entry in the subsequent year of the diagnosis though substantial variation by diagnosis category was also detected. Parent psychiatric diagnoses were linked to a higher, 3.01-fold risk of social assistance entry. Covariate adjustment reduced these risk ratios to 1.2 and 2.3, respectively. Some 2.9 percent of all social assistance entries may be attributed to parental psychiatric diagnoses while somatic health records account for another 7.2 percent. Conclusion Parental specialised health care records can be linked to a substantially higher risk of social assistance need as more interventions to support financial management are required for parents with psychiatric diagnoses.
Mechanical properties, microstructure, and texture of electron beam butt welds in high purity niobium

The effects of Electron Beam Welding on solidification microstructure, texture, microhardness and mechanical properties were investigated in high purity niobium weld specimens. The welds have an equiaxed microstructure with a 1 mm grain size in the fusion zone, 100 /spl mu/m in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and 50 /spl mu/m in the parent metal. The fusion zone had slightly higher microhardness values despite having a large grain size, while the unaffected material had the lowest microhardness. The texture in the weld consisted of a strong {111} fiber texture in the center and a mix of {111} - {100} components on the surface. Tensile tests of specimens gave /spl sigma//sub y/ = 60 MPa, but the UTS and elongation for weld specimens were lower than the parent material (137 vs. 165 MPa, 32% vs. 58%). The properties and microstructure of the weld are discussed in terms of optimizing the SRF cavity.
Robust stability of singularly perturbed state feedback systems using unified approach

A method for the decomposition of unified state-feedback singularly perturbed systems is presented. Based on the small-gain theorem, a sufficient condition for robust stability is derived such that the composite state feedback renders the closed-loop singularly perturbed system asymptotically stable. With this method there is no need to consider two different approaches for continuous-time and discrete-time domains. An example illustrates the methodology.
Bloch's theorem for real variables

The famous theorem of Bloch states that every function (1) F(z) z + a2z 2 + of the complex variable z in the unit-circle | z\ ^ 1 maps some subdomain of the unit-circle univalently onto a circle of a fixed radius whose size is independent of ƒ(z). The purpose of the present paper is to point out the following generalization to n real variables, n^2. THEOREM 1. Corresponding to any integer w ,# = l , 2 , 3 , , and any positive constant K, K>0, there exists a positive radius Ro = JRo(», K), R0 > 0, having the following property: If the real functions (2) Ui = fi(xh • • • , xn), i » 1, 2, • • • , n, are defined and solutions of the Laplace equation
An experimental investigation of the interaction between shock waves and boundary layers

An account is given of an investigation into the interaction between the boundary layer on a flat plate and a shock wave produced either externally, by a wedge in the supersonic mainstream, or from within the boundary layer, by a wedge held in contact with the plate. A wide range of free-stream Mach numbers, boundary-layer Reynolds numbers, and shock strengths has been covered, shock strength being defined as the ratio of the static pressure downstream of the shock to the static pressure upstream of it. Variations in these parameters can have large effects on the interaction, and there are also large differences between cases with externally generated shocks and cases where the shock is generated from within the boundary layer. The investigation has thrown light on the physical mechanisms involved. It is found that many of the major features of the interaction arise because the boundary layer separates from the surface ahead of the shock wave.The conditions under which separation occurs and the behaviour of the separated boundary layer thus have important effects, in terms of which, for example, the differences between the interactions observed with laminar and with turbulent boundary layers may be explained.