Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of solar spectral irradiance and temperature on the electrical characteristics of a ZnO-SiO2-Si (N) photovoltaic structure

The aim of this article is to present an analytic study of the impact of changing solar spectrum and temperature on the performance and electrical characteristics of a MIS solar cell. With this intention, one simulation of the spectral response and the current-voltage characteristic was carried out using a simulation program designed under ‘Visual Basic 5’ language for this reason. Our study is made on a ZnO-SiO2-Si (N) solar cell; it proves that the spectral response has higher collection efficiency for carriers generated by ultraviolet light and a conversion efficiency of about 18 % can be obtained under AM1 solar spectrum and at ambient temperature. The results presented indicate also that the increase in solar cell’s temperature results a degradation of their performances.
Environmental Behavior of Youth and Sustainable Development

The relationship between people and nature is one of the most important current issues of human survival. This circumstance makes it necessary to educate young people who are receptive to global challenges and ready to solve the urgent problems of our time. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of the environmental behavior of young people in the metropolis. The authors studied articles and monographs that contain Russian and international experience in the environmental behavior of citizens. The following factors determine people’s behavior: the cognitive capabilities of people who determine the understanding and perception of nature and the value-affective component that determines the attitude towards nature. The next task of the study is surveying young people through an online survey and its analysis. The research was realized in Ekaterinburg, the administrative center of the Sverdlovsk region (Russia). The study of the current ecological situation in Ekaterinburg made it possible to conclude that the environmental problem arises not only and not simply as a problem of environmental pollution and other negative influences of human economic activity. This problem grows into transforming the spontaneous impact of society on nature into a consciously, purposefully, systematically developing harmonious interaction with it. The study results showed that, from the point of view of the youth of Ekaterinburg, the city’s ecological situation is one of the most pressing problems. Despite minor improvements over the past 3–5 years, this problem has not lost relevance, and regional authorities and city residents should be responsible for its solution. Young people know environmental practices, but they often do not apply them systematically. Ecological behavior is encouraged and discussed among friends/acquaintances. The key factors influencing the formation of environmental behavior practices are the mass media and social networks. The most popular social network for obtaining information on ecological practices among young people is Instagram, and the key persons are bloggers. This study did not reveal the influence of the socio-demographic characteristics of young people on the application of eco-behavior practices, which may indicate the need for a survey of a larger sample.
Applying the Ordered Probit Model to Injury Severity in Truck-Passenger Car Rear-End Collisions

Collisions between heavy trucks and passenger cars are a major concern because of the severity of injuries. This research has two objectives. One is to examine the impact of various factors on injuries to passenger car occupants involved in such collisions. Due to the complex interaction of factors influencing injury levels in truck-car collisions, the ordered probit model is used to identify specific variables significantly influencing levels of injury in two-vehicle rear-end involvements on divided roadways. Another objective is to demonstrate the use of the ordered probit in this complex highway safety problem. A set of vehicle, occupant, roadway, and environmental factors expected to influence injury severity was developed. Given two-vehicle passenger car-truck rear-end collisions, the variables that increase passenger vehicle occupant injury severity include darkness; high speed differentials; high speed limits; grades, especially when they are wet; being in a car struck to the rear (as opposed to being in a car striking a truck to the rear); driving while drunk; and being female. The interaction effects of cars being struck to the rear with high speed differentials and car rollovers were significant. Variables decreasing severity include snowy or icy roads, congested roads, being in a station wagon struck to the rear (as opposed to a sedan), and using a child restraint. With injuries ordered in five classes from no injury to fatalities, the marginal effects of each factor on the likelihood of each injury class are reported.
Exploring the impacts of FDA temporary food labeling flexibility among the food allergy community during the Covid-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT In an attempt to improve access to food distribution systems during the Covid-19 pandemic, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued temporary flexibility in food labeling requirements. This requirement affects the Top 8 allergens and could lead to accidental allergen ingestion. The purpose of this study was to utilize a qualitative method to collect and analyze comments to FDA that were available via Allergic Living’s website from May 22, 2020, to June 18, 2020, following the release of the food labeling change. In total, 3,033 comments were analyzed using the thematic analysis six-phase framework approach. Various themes were extracted relating to the emotional responses of the new labeling including fear, safety concerns, and trust of certain food product brands among the food allergy community. This research has implications for a broad spectrum of the U.S. food industry including restaurants, grocery stores, specialty food associations, and consumers. Stakeholders and experts in the food allergy community should be consulted when a policy change is occurring, especially during a pandemic affecting access to safe food.
Exploring the

Cryptic species and lineages have been widely reported during the last decades, particularly in the marine realm. Misidentifications and ignoring species complexes imply many consequences, notably biasing biodiversity and connectivity assessments, which in turn mislead our understanding of ecosystems and impact the effective design and management of conservation plans. Focusing on the Indo-Pacific coral genus Pocillopora, playing key roles in reef ecosystems as one of the main bio-constructors, we report the first Pocillopora PSH16 (ORF53; sensu Gélin et al. 2017) colonies (N = 19) in the Western Indian Ocean (Nosy Tanikely, Madagascar), 6000 km further from its current distribution. Colonies were identified according to their mitochondrial open reading frame (ORF) haplotype and Bayesian assignment tests based on 13-microsatellite genotypes. Additionally, we performed genetic structure and diversity analyses with sympatric colonies from other Pocillopora species and Pocillopora PSH16 colonies from the tropical southwestern Pacific, revealing (1) a weak clonal richness, (2) a weak genetic diversity and (3) a relative isolation for the newly reported PSH16 colonies. These colonies thus represent either a new, distinct and uncommon, genetic lineage or isolated remnants of a wider one. In any case, unless specific management measures are implemented, their long-term maintenance seems compromised due to restricted gene flow within a restricted pool of genes.
Vitrification Cryo-Foil for Apple Cryopreservation and the Seesaw Effect Between Shoot Recovery and Virus Eradication

Improvements of existing cryopreservation protocols are necessary to facilitate long-term preservation of plant germplasm and the cryotherapy-effect of pathogen eradication. This study reported a vitrification (V) cryo-foil/plate methods for cryopreservation of shoot tips and cryotherapy effect in ‘Pink Lady’ apple. In V cryo-foil/plate protocols, shoot tips were first attached onto aluminum foils/plates using calcium alginate before other procedures. Shoot tips cryopreserved by V cryo-foil required 6.1 weeks to fully recover and 53% of shoot regrowth was obtained, comparable to the Dv cryopreservation. Similar regrowth levels were produced between applying V cryo-foil and Dv cryopreservation to another 4 Malus genotypes. Histological observations in shoot tips cryopreserved by Dv and V cryo-foil found only those with surviving apical dome and leaf primordia (LPs) could recover after cryopreservation. In apical meristem of shoot tips cryopreserved by Dv and V cryo-foil, higher surviving probability was detected from the V cryo-foil protocol, and the young LPs showed the highest level of surviving. Virus detection in cryo-derived plants showed apple stem grooving virus and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus were all preserved after cryopreservation, and higher eradication efficiency of apple stem pitting virus (70%) was produced by Dv than the 55% of V cryo-foil. These results supported applying V cryo-foil as an improvement to the widely applied Dv method in shoot tip cryopreservation, and also revealed a seesaw mode between shoot recovery and cryotherapy effect. Once the seesaw moves to increase the recovery after cryopreservation, the cryotherapy-effect on the other side would be decreased.
SPRINT: A High-Performance, Energy-Efficient, and Scalable Chiplet-based Accelerator with Photonic Interconnects for CNN Inference

Chiplet-based convolution neural network (CNN) accelerators have emerged as a promising solution to provide substantial processing power and on-chip memory capacity for CNN inference. The performance of these accelerators is often limited by inter-chiplet metallic interconnects. Emerging technologies such as photonic interconnects can overcome the limitations of metallic interconnects due to several superior properties including high bandwidth density and distance-independent latency. However, implementing photonic interconnects in chiplet-based CNN accelerators is challenging and requires combined effort of network architectural optimization and CNN dataflow customization. In this paper, we propose SPRINT, a chiplet-based CNN accelerator that consists of a global buffer and several accelerator chiplets. SPRINT introduces two novel designs: (1) a photonic inter-chiplet network that can adapt to specific communication patterns in CNN inference through wavelength allocation and waveguide reconfiguration, and (2) a CNN dataflow that can leverage the broadcasting capability of photonic interconnects while minimizing the costly electrical-to-optical and optical-to-electrical signal conversions. Simulations using multiple CNN models show that SPRINT achieves up to 76% and 68% reduction in execution time and energy consumption, respectively, as compared to other state-of-the-art chiplet-based architectures with either metallic or photonic interconnects.
Climatic change and variability in mid-Himalayan region of India

To understand the climatic changes and variability in mid-Himalayan region, 22 to 28 years data on maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall of Palampur, Bajaura, Dhaulakuan, Shimla and Salooni of Himachal Pradesh and Ranichauri of Uttarakhand were analysed. Highly significant positive trend (0.5 to 1.1 °C/decade) in annual maximum temperature at four locations, significant negative trend (-0.4 °C/decade) in annual minimum temperature at Ranichauri and highly significant increasing trend of rainfall (22 mm/year) at Shimla was observed. Maximum temperature in summer showed significant increasing trend at all the locations except Ranichauri. Maximum temperature showed significant increase in all the seasons at Shimla. During Rabi season, significant increasing trend in maximum temperature at Palampur, Bajaura and Shimla and significant decreasing trend in rainfall at Bajaura and Dhaulakuan was noticed. Both maximum and minimum temperatures in March registered significant increase decade after decade at most of the locations. At all the locations, temperature or rainfall related extreme events have not significantly increased or decreased continuously for the past three decades. Though peak of average temperature occurred one month earlier at Palampur, peak of rainfall occurred one month earlier at Ranichauri, Bajaura and Dhaulakuan and one month later at Shimla during the present time scale compared to the previous time scale. These climatic trends or variability may adversely affect the Rabi crops and positively affect the Kharif crops.
Need Analysis of Mathematics E-module for Student and Teachers During Covid-19 Pandemic

E-module is a form of presenting the module in digital or electronic format. E-modules are systematically designed with an electronic format to achieve the learning objectives. Thus, to produce an effective e-module, it is necessary to conduct preliminary research on the needs of teachers and students. Based on previous research conducted in the form of observations and interviews, it's known that teachers and students need teaching materials in the form of e-modules to complete the online learning process from home due to the covid-19 pandemic. This study uses pre-experimental research, that systematic learning to test the hypothesis of a causal relationship. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques at this stage are non-participatory observation and in-depth interviews with semi-structured methods with teachers and students, which are early research and development techniques. Students follow online learning from home due to the impact of the Covid19 pandemic. The developed e-module must-have criteria such as using language that is easy to understand, systematic, can be used independently, interactively, and equipped with learning activities and assessment instruments following the competencies to be achieved.
Stable anode enabled by an embossed and punched structure for a high‐rate performance Zn‐ion hybrid capacitor

Zinc (Zn)‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs) have been considered as the next‐generation energy storage technology due to their high energy density and excellent safety. However, ZICs still have serious challenges in overcoming the poor rate performance and low long‐term stability at high current density related to the inefficient use of the interface between the Zn anode and electrolyte, along with the poor wettability of the electrode, which lead to the growth of uniform Zn dendrites on the anode surface. To address these drawbacks, an advanced surface‐engineering approach is presented herein, involving a uniform, embossed, and punched anode structure. The as‐fabricated ZIC exhibits a superb energy storage performance and reversibility, with improved energy densities of 108 and 69 W h kg−1 at 450 and 9000 W kg−1, and an excellent fast long‐term stability, with a capacity retention of 90% during 10 000 cycles at 10.0 A g−1. These findings suggest that advanced surface engineering is an influential tool for the next‐generation ZICs.
Safety as an Emergent Property: Investigation into the Work Practices of High-Reliability Framing Crews

With regards to safety, the challenge for researchers and practitioners is to develop work systems that can achieve at the same time high levels of productivity and safety. Towards this objective, this research investigates the work practices of high-reliability crews—that is, crews who perform high-risk work with exceptionally high productivity and safety. The objective of the research is to increase understanding of the work practices that reduce the likelihood of accidents while at the same time increase productivity. This paper presents the findings of an initial exploratory study that compares the work practices of two residential framing crews: one crew with consistently exceptional levels of safety and productivity, and one average-performing crew from the same company. The two crews did not show any difference in safety practices—both crews had high compliance with the company’s safety requirements. However, the production practices of the high-reliability crew were shaped by a clear “guiding prin.
Severity of Viral Diseases and Types of Weeds as Alternative Viral Hosts in Dioscorea Fields in Southern Guinea Savannah Agroecology of Nigeria

The incidence and severity of viruses infecting yam and weeds were determined on 60 Dioscorea farms in Southern Guinea Savannah Agroecology of Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. Double Antigen Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) was used as a serological technique to detect Yam mosaic virus (YMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on Dioscorea and weeds collected from the farms. The survey indicated virus incidence on Dioscorea between 62.8% and 100% and virus severity between 2 and 5 score values. DAS-ELISA ______________________________________ detected YMV in all the Dioscorea leaf samples and mixed infection of YMV with CMV in 13 samples. Twenty-nine (29) weed species were found to be predominant on Dioscorea fields which comprised of annuals and broadleaves. DAS-ELISA revealed high YMV titer values for the weed species, Eclipta alba , Euphorbia heterophylla , Oldenlandia herbacea , Cynodon dactylon and Phyllantus amarus . However, CMV was not found in any of the sampled weed species. The study showed a high occurrence of viruses on Dioscorea and the preponderance of weeds which could serve as vectors of viruses. There is a need for efficient management strategies for virus and weed elimination within and around yam fields which will invariably be an attraction to farmers with limited resources for optimum yam production.
Atypically slow processing of faces and non-faces in older autistic adults

Face recognition is a fundamental function that requires holistic processing. Differences in face processing have been consistently identified in autistic children, but it is unknown whether these differences persist across the adult lifespan. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured holistic face processing with a rapid Mooney faces task in 50 autistic and 49 non-autistic participants (30–74 years). Behavioral tasks included a self-paced version of the same paradigm and a global–local processing task (Navon). Reduced detection rates for faces, but not non-faces, were found in autistic adults, including slower responses on all conditions. Without time constraints, differences in accuracy disappeared between groups, although reaction times in correctly identifying faces remained higher in autistic adults. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed lower activation in the left and right superior frontal gyrus in the autism group but no age-related differences. Overall, our findings point toward slower information processing speed rather than a face recognition deficit in autistic adults. This suggests that face-processing differences are not a core feature of autism across the adult lifespan. Lay abstract Some theories suggested that social difficulties in autism arise from differences in the processing of faces. If face-processing difficulties are central to autism, then they should be as persistent as social difficulties across the lifespan. We tested this by asking autistic and neurotypical participants between 30 and 75 years to complete face detection tasks. Both autistic and neurotypical adults responded more slowly with age. When participants had to respond quickly, autistic adults made more errors in face detection regardless of their age. However, when the time constraint was removed, autistic adults performed as well as the neurotypical group. Across tasks, autistic adults responded more slowly when asked to detect both face and non-face stimuli. We also investigated brain activation differences in the face detection task with functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results indicated lower activation in the autism group in the left and right superior frontal gyrus. The superior frontal gyrus is not typically implicated in face processing but in more general processing, for example, keeping instructions in mind and following them. Together with the behavioral results, this suggests that there is no specific deficit in face processing in autistic adults between 30 and 75 years. Instead, the results suggest differences in general processing, particularly in the speed of processing. However, this needs to be investigated further with methods that are more sensitive to the timing of brain activation.
The Lab-to-Field (LTF) Rating Scheme: A New Method of Investigating the Relationships between Laboratory Sublethal Toxicity Tests and Field Measurements in Environmental Effects Monitoring Studies

ABSTRACT The Lab-to-Field (LTF) rating scheme is a straightforward method of relating the results of effluent toxicity tests to the field survey measurements and has proven to be a useful tool for interpretation of Environmental Effects Monitoring studies for pulp and paper mills in the province of Ontario. The LTF method uses the same five-level scale (level 1 for no or low response to level 5 for severe response) for rating the toxicity and field survey results. Regression analysis of LTF scores has revealed that the relationship between the Ceriodaphnia reproduction test and benthic invertebrate field survey measurements was significant (p < 0.001, r = 0.79). However, there were not sufficient data to determine if this can be used as a predictive tool. Nonetheless, Ceriodaphnia-to-benthic survey, Selenastrum-to-benthic survey and fathead-to-fish survey relationships were qualitatively rated strong or moderately strong in 94%, 75%, and 60% of the 16 studies, respectively. The LTF rating scheme would benefit from the use of a more sensitive species or life stage of fish to strengthen the sublethal test-to-fish survey relationship. Further validation of the lab-to-field relationship could be accomplished through the synoptic collection of effluent samples for sublethal tests and field measurements.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Underpinnings of Melanoma Genesis, Progression, and Metastasis

Simple Summary Melanoma is a skin cancer with a high mortality and a dramatically rising presence worldwide. Recent research has shed new light on the genetic events that promote melanoma progression and confer metastatic potential. This review summarizes the role of molecular pathways, genomic factors, and the tumor microenvironment in the progression from local melanoma to distant disease. Further characterization of these elements is necessary to identify relevant prognostic factors and potential new therapeutic targets. Abstract Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer with rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. The discovery of the genetic drivers of melanomagenesis in the last decade has led the World Health Organization to reclassify melanoma subtypes by their molecular pathways rather than traditional clinical and histopathologic features. Despite this significant advance, the genomic and transcriptomic drivers of metastatic progression are less well characterized. This review describes the known molecular pathways of cutaneous and uveal melanoma progression, highlights recently identified pathways and mediators of metastasis, and touches on the influence of the tumor microenvironment on metastatic progression and treatment resistance. While targeted therapies and immune checkpoint blockade have significantly aided in the treatment of advanced disease, acquired drug resistance remains an unfortunately common problem, and there is still a great need to identify potential prognostic markers and novel therapeutic targets to aid in such cases.