Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal Force Response of a Pile in an Inhomogeneous Temperature Field

An inhomogeneous temperature field was built in an experimental model of sand with an embedded pile. The temperature of the soil, as well as the temperature and strain on opposite sides of the pile were investigated in the process of temperature balance. The effect of the inhomogeneous temperature field on the internal force of the pile was analyzed. The experimental results show that the inhomogeneous temperature field will cause a bending deformation in the pile body according to the FBG (fiber Bragg grating) strain sensors. The distribution of the bending moment along the length of the pile is related to the temperature difference. The maximum bending moments reached −25.7 N·m when the temperature difference was about 1.3 °C. Therefore, the influence of the inhomogeneous temperature field o· the internal force of the foundation pile should be taken into account in the applications of a ground source heat pump system.
Effects of snoezelen, integrated in 24 h dementia care, on nurse-patient communication during morning care

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of snoezelen, integrated in 24-hour care, on the communication of Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) and demented nursing home residents during morning care. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was conducted, comparing sic psychogeriatric wards, that implemented snoezelen, to six control wards, that continued in giving usual care. Measurements were performed at baseline and 18 months after a training ‘snoezelen for caregivers’. Independent assessors analysed 250 video-recordings directly from the computer, using an adapted version of the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) and non-verbal measurements. Results: Trained CNAs showed a significant increase of resident-directed gaze, affective touch and smiling. The total number of verbal utterances also increased (more social conversation, agreement, talking about sensory stimuli, information and autonomy). Regarding residents, a
Extraction of mRNA from Soil (cid:1)

Here, we report an efﬁcient method for extracting high-quality mRNA from soil. Key steps in the isolation of total RNA were low-pH extraction (pH 5.0) and Q-Sepharose chromatography. The removal efﬁciency of humic acids was 94 to 98% for all soils tested. To enrich mRNA, subtractive hybridization of rRNA was most efﬁcient. Subtractive hybridization may be followed by exonuclease treatment if the focus is on the analysis of unprocessed mRNA. The total extraction method can be completed within 8 h, resulting in enriched mRNA ranging from 200 bp to 4 kb in size.
‘The Healthy Migr ant E ect’ for Mental Health in England: Pr opensity-scor e Matched Analysis Using the EMPIRIC Sur vey

Evidence has demonstrated that immigrants have a mental health advantage over the indigenous population of developed countries. However, much of the evi-dence-base demonstrating this mental health advantage is susceptible to confounding and inadequate adjustment across immigrant and non-immigrant groups preventing a rigorous assessment of a ’healthy migrant e ect’. To compare the risk of common mental disorders in the immigrant population compared to the non-immigrant population in ethnic minority groups in England. A propensity-score matched analysis was carried out to adequately balance immigrant and non-immigrant groups for known confounders using the EMPIRIC national survey of Black-Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups. The mental health of participants was assessed using the validated Revised Clinical Interview Schedule tool. Immigrant participants were signi cantly less likely to have a common mental disorder than non-immigrant participants; OR = 0.47, (95% CI 0.40, 0.56). The results from this study demonstrate that a mental health advantage exists in ethnic minority immigrants compared to non-immigrants when balancing the two groups for confounding factors. This may be due to immigrants possessing certain personality traits, such as "psychological hardiness", that the migration process may select for.
isolates of serotypes contained in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

1. Ramesh E, Raghunathan R, Manian RD et al. Synthesis and antibacterial property of quinolines with potent DNA gyrase activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17: 660–6. 2. Waites KB, Taylor-Robinson D. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. In: Murray PR, ed. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2007; 1004–20. 3. Morozumi MS, Iwata K, Hasegawa K et al. Increased macrolide resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52: 348–50. 4. Clyde WA Jr. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections of man. In: Tully JG, Whitcomb RF, eds. The Mycoplasmas II. Human and Animal Mycoplasmas. New York: Academic Press, 1979; 275–306. 5. Kenny GE. Mycoplasmas. In: Balows A, Hausler WJ Jr, Herrmann KL, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 1991; 478–82. 6. Domagala JM. Structure-activity and structure-side-effect relationships for the quinolone antibacterials. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994; 33: 685–706.
PROTOCOL OPTIMISATION FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF ETHIOPIAN YAM

Yam ( Dioscorea spp.) is a monocotyledonous tuber forming tropical vine, which belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae, and genus Dioscorea. Yam is well known for medicinal properties, as well as nutritional values. Conventional propagation of yam is limited by low propagation rates; hence, in vitro propagation provides the best alternative to overcome such limitations. The objective of this study was to optimise a protocol for in vitro micro-propagation of Ethiopian yam (D. alata, bulcha variety ) . Explants were obtained from young leaves of bulcha variety, and sterilised using different concentrations of NaOCl, for different time exposures. Sodium hypochlorite (1%) at 15 minutes exposure time, showed 100% survival of explants. The combination of 0.5 BAP with 1mgl -1 NAA was the best concentration for shoot induction. For shoot multiplication, BAP at 1.5 mg l -1 gave the highest shoots per explants (7.28±0.07), with shoot length of 8.72±0.43 cm. MS medium with 2.0 mg l -1 NAA and 1.5 mg l -1 IBA gave the highest rooting percentage and root number (10.6±0.44), with a root length of 13.80±0.44. In vitro acclimatised plantlets,which were transferred to a greenhouse for hardening, had 90% survival rate on soil medium. Thus, for micropropagation of bulcha yam variety, MS + 1.5 mg l -1 and MS plus 2.0 mg l -1 NAA + 1.5 mg l -1 IBA is the best phytohormonal combination for shoot multiplication and invitro rooting, respectively. D. BIRHAN et obtenus à partir de jeunes feuilles de la variété bulcha et stérilisés en utilisant différentes concentrations de NaOCl, pour des expositions temporelles différentes. L’hypochlorite de sodium (1%) à un temps d’exposition de 15 minutes a montré une survie de 100% des explants. La combinaison de 0,5 BAP avec 1mgl -1 NAA s’est avérée être la meilleure concentration pour l’induction des pousses. Pour la multiplication des pousses, le BAP à 1,5 mg l -1 a donné les pousses les plus élevées par explants (7,28 ± 0,07), avec une longueur de pousses de 8,72 ± 0,43 cm. Le milieu MS avec 2,0 mg l -1 NAA et 1,5 mg l -1 IBA a donné le pourcentage d’enracinement et le nombre de racines les plus élevés (10,6 ± 0,44), avec une longueur de racine de 13,80 ± 0,44. Les plantules acclimatées in vitro , qui ont été transférées dans une serre pour durcissement, avaient un taux de survie de 90% sur un milieu de sol. Ainsi, pour la micropropagation de la variété bulcha yam, MS + 1,5 mg l -1 et MS plus 2,0 mg l -1 NAA + 1,5 mg l -1 IBA est la meilleure combinaison phytohormonale pour la multiplication des pousses et l’enracinement in vitro , respectivement.
A STUDY ON BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM DACRYOCYSTITIS PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL KOLKATA, WEST BENGAL

Background: Dacryocystitis is one of the most common diseases of eye occurring due to inflammation of the lacrimal sac. It can be of two types: congenital and acquired. Acquired dacryocystitis can be divided into two groups: acute and chronic. Congenital dacryocystitis seen in new born are due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct by epithelial debris which produces hindrance in the flow of lacrimal fluid which encourages microbial growth. On the other hand, acute dacryocystitis is more common in women of middle age. Poor hygiene, pond bathing might be the source of infection causing acute infection in nasolacrimal duct resulting in swelling, inflammation, epiphora, and accumulation of pus. Study design: Fifty nine clinically diagnosed patients of dacryocystitis of all age groups and of both sexes were used for the study. Specimens were collected with the help of ophthalmologist. All specimens were subjected to gram staining followed by culture. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Result: Females are more affected than male and highest number of dacryocystitis cases are found among people in the age group of 46 – 60 years. Out of 59 cases of dacryocystitis 9 bacterial isolates were found of which 4 isolates were gram positive and 5 isolates were gram negative organisms. Antibiotic susceptibility tests shows that gram positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, oxacillin, linezolid and clindamycin followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. Gram negative organisms were mostly sensitive to cefepime followed by amikacin, ceftazidime and piperacilin. Conclusion: The present study revealed that chronic dacryocystitis is the predominant clinical entity found mostly in elderly women. The causative organisms though varied show a predominance of Pseudomonas in our study. linezolid, erythromycin (100%), gentamicin Ciprofloxacin levofloxacin all gram positive isolates. gram-negative cefepime (75%), amikacin, ceftazidime piperacilin ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin imipenem
Estimation of Joint Types and Joint Limits from Motion Capture Data

It is time-consuming for an animator to explicitly model joint types and joint limits of articulated ﬁgures. In this paper we describe a simple and fast approach to automated joint estimation from motion capture data of articulated ﬁgures. Our method will make the joint modeling more efﬁcient and less time consuming for the animator by providing a good starting estimate that can be ﬁne-tuned or extended by the animator if she wishes, without restricting her artistic freedom. Our method is simple, easy to implement and speciﬁc for the types of articulated ﬁgures used in interactive animation such as computer games. Other work for joint limit modeling consider more complex and general purpose models. However, these are not immediately suitable for inverse kinematics skeletons used in interactive applications.
Social Determinants Socio-economic trajectories and cardiovascular disease mortality in older people: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Background: Socio-economic status from early life has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk, but the impact of life-course socio-economic trajectories, as well as the mechanisms underlying social inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk, is uncertain. Objectives: We assessed the role of behavioural, psychosocial and physiological (includ-ing inﬂammatory) factors in the association between life-course socio-economic status and cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults. Methods: Participants were 7846 individuals (44% women) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a representative study of individuals aged (cid:2) 50 years, established in 2002–03. Comprising four indicators of socio-economic status (father’s social class, own education, occupational position and wealth), we computed an index of socio-economic trajectory and a lifetime cumulative socio-economic score. Behavioural (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index) and psychosocial (social relations, loneliness) factors, physiological (blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides) and inﬂammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ﬁbrinogen), measured repeatedly over time, were potential explanatory variables. Cardiovascular disease mortality was ascertained by linkage of study members to a national mortality register. Mediation was calculated using the traditional ‘change-in-estimate method’ and alternative approaches such as counterfactual gradient, whereas the role of psychosocial and other physiological risk factors was modest. Conclusions: In a population-based cohort of older individuals living in England, we provide evidence that disadvantage across the life course is linked to cardiovascular mortality. That behavioural factors and inﬂammatory markers partially explain this gradient may provide insights into the potential for intervention.
Human Antituberculosis T Cell Response Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Targets of the Bioinformatic and Empirical Analysis of

We analyzed whole genome–based transcriptional proﬁles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subjected to prolonged hypoxia to guide the discovery of novel potential Ags, by a combined bioinformatic and empirical approach. We analyzed the fold induction of the 100 most highly induced genes at 7 d of hypoxia, as well as transcript abundance, peptide-binding prediction (ProPred) adjusted for population-speciﬁc MHC class II allele frequency, and by literature search. Twenty-six candidate genes were selected by this bioinformatic approach and evaluated empirically using IFN- g and IL-2 ELISPOT using immunodominant Ags (Acr-1, CFP-10, ESAT-6) as references. Twenty-three of twenty-six proteins induced an IFN- g response in PBMCs of persons with active or latent tuberculosis. Five novel immunodominant proteins—Rv1957, Rv1954c, Rv1955, Rv2022c, and Rv1471—were identiﬁed that induced responses similar to CFP-10 and ESAT-6 in both magnitude and frequency. IL-2 responses were of lower magnitude than were those of IFN- g . Only moderate evidence of infection stage–speciﬁc recognition of Ags was observed. Reconciliation of bioinformatic and empirical hierarchies of immunodominance revealed that Ags could be predicted, providing transcriptomic data were combined with peptide-binding prediction adjusted by population-speciﬁc MHC class II allele frequency. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 189: 000–000.
Functions of ion transport peptide and ion transport peptide-like in the red ﬂour beetle Tribolium castaneum Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Ion transport peptide (ITP) and ITP-like (ITPL) are highly conserved neuropeptides in insects and crus- taceans. We investigated the alternatively spliced variants of ITP/ITPL in Tribolium castaneum to under-stand their functions. We identiﬁed three alternatively spliced transcripts named itp , itpl-1 , and itpl-2 . Expression patterns of the splice variants investigated by exon-speciﬁc in situ hybridization were some-what different from those previously reported in other insect species. Most importantly, we found for the ﬁrst time that itpl-1 transcripts are abundantlyexpressed in the midgut at the latelarval stage, showing an expression pattern similar to that of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) in the crab Carcinus maenas . CHH was shown to function by increasing the body volume through ﬂuid absorption, resulting in breakage of the outer shell at the time of molt. Exon-speciﬁc RNA interference (RNAi) was designed to distinguish between itp and itpl-1 , but we were unable to design a dsRNA uniquely targeting or uniquely excluding itpl-2 ; therefore, RNAi targeting was limited to either itp / itpl-2 or itpl-1 / itpl-2. For dsRNA injections in the larval stages, either RNAi led to gradually increasing mortality in the larval and pupal stages, with 100% cumulative mortality at the time of eclosion or shortly afterward. Developmental deﬁciencies in the adult tarsal segments were observed after RNAi suppressing either itp / itpl-2 or itpl-1 / itpl-2 . After dsRNA injections at the pupal stage, the most striking observation was a signiﬁcant reduction in egg numbers (8% of control) and reduced survival of the offspring (5%) in RNAi targeting itpl-1 / itpl-2 , while a milder degree of the same phenotype was observed in that targeting itp / itpl-2 . (cid:2) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cutin Synthase impacts ester-crosslinks of Tomato Cutin 1 Ester-crosslink Profiling of the Cutin Polymer of Wild Type and Cutin Synthase 3 Mutants Highlights Different Mechanisms of 4 Polymerization

Cuticle function is closely related to the structure of the cutin polymer. However, the 35 structure and formation of this hydrophobic polyester of glycerol and hydroxy/epoxy 36 fatty acids has not been fully resolved. An apoplastic GDSL-lipase kown as cutin synthase 37 1 (CUS1) is required for cutin deposition in tomato fruit exocarp. In vitro , CUS1 catalyzes 38 the self-transesterification of 2-monoacylglycerol of 9(10),16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic 39 acid, the major tomato cutin monomer. This reaction releases glycerol and leads to the 40 formation of oligomers with the secondary hydroxyl group remaining non-esterified. To 41 check this mechanism in planta , a benzyl etherification of non-esterified hydroxyl 42 groups of glycerol and hydroxy fatty acids was performed within cutin. Remarkably, in 43 addition to a significant decrease in cutin deposition, midchain hydroxyl esterification of 44 the dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid was affected in tomato RNAi and EMS- cus1 mutants. 45 Furthermore, in these mutants, esterification of both sn -1,3 and sn -2 positions of 46 glycerol was impacted and their cutin contained a higher molar glycerol to 47 dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid ratio. Therefore in planta, CUS1 can catalyze the 48 esterification of both primary and secondary alcohol groups of cutin monomers, and 49 another enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanism of polymerization may coexist with 50 CUS1-catalyzed polymerization. This mechanism is poorly efficient with secondary 51 alcohol groups and produces polyesters with lower molecular size. Confocal Raman 52 imaging of benzyl etherified cutins showed that the polymerization is heterogeneous at 53 the fruit surface. Finally, by comparing tomato mutants either affected or not in cutin 54 polymerization, we concluded that the level of cutin crosslinking had no significant 55 impact on water permeance. 56
Packed Bed Photoreactor for the Removal of Water Pollutants Using Visible Light Emitting Diodes

A packed bed photoreactor was developed using a structured photocatalyst active under visible light. The packed bed reactor was irradiated by visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for the evaluation of photocatalytic activity in the removal of different types of water pollutants. By using a flexible LEDs strip as the external light source, it was possible to use a simple cylindrical geometry for the photoreactor, thereby enhancing the contact between the photocatalyst and the water to be treated. The visible light active structured photocatalyst was composed by N-doped TiO2 particles supported on polystyrene spheres. Photocatalytic results showed that the almost total methylene blue decolorization was achieved after 120 min of irradiation. Moreover, the developed packed bed photoreactor was effective in the removal of ceftriaxone, paracetamol, and caffeine, allowing it to reach the almost total degradation of the pollutants and a total organic carbon removal above 80% after 180 min of visible light irradiation.
4 Galactic interstellar turbulence in the southern sky seen through spatial gradients of the polarization vector

Aims. Radio synchrotron polarization maps of the Galaxy can be used to infer the properties of interstellar turbulence in the di ﬀ use warm ionized medium (WIM). In this paper, we investigate the spatial gradient of linearly polarized synchrotron emission ( |∇ P | / | P | ) as a tracer of turbulence, the relationship of the gradient to the sonic Mach number of the WIM, and changes in morphology of the gradient as a function of Galactic position in the southern sky. Methods. We use data from the S-band Polarization All Sky Survey (S-PASS) to image the spatial gradient of the linearly polarized synchrotron emission ( |∇ P | / | P | ) of the entire southern sky at 2 . 3 GHz. The spatial gradient of linear polarization reveals rapid changes of the density and magnetic ﬂuctuations in the WIM due to magnetic turbulence as a function of Galactic position; we make comparisons of these data to ideal MHD numerical simulations. In order to constrain the sonic Mach number ( M s ), we apply a high order moments analysis to the observations and to the simulated di ﬀ use, isothermal ISM with ideal magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence. Results. We ﬁnd that polarization gradient maps reveal elongated structures, which we associate with turbulence in the ISM. Our analysis corroborates the view of a turbulent WIM in a transonic regime M s (cid:46) 2. Filamentary structures with typical widths down to the angular resolution are seen and the observed morphologies match closely with numerical simulations and in some cases H α contours. The |∇ P | / | P | intensity is found to be approximately log-normal distributed. No systematic variations of the sonic Mach number are observed as a function of Galactic coordinates, which is consistent with turbulence in the WIM inferred by the analysis of H α data. We conclude that the sonic Mach number of the di ﬀ use WIM appears to be spatially uniform towards the Galactic plane and the Sagittarius-Carina arm, but local variations induced by nearby extended objects are also found.
Pathway Activation in Immune Cells Radiation Exposure Induces Inflammasome

Radiation exposure induces cell and tissue damage, causing local and systemic inﬂammatory responses. Because the inﬂammasome pathway is triggered by cell death and danger-associated molecular patterns, we hypothesized that the inﬂammasome may signal acute and chronic immune responses to radiation. Using a mouse radiation model, we show that radiation induces a dose-dependent increase in inﬂammasome activation in macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, T cells, and B cells as judged by cleaved caspase-1 detection in cells. Time course analysis showed the appearance of cleaved caspase-1 in cells by day 1 and sustained expression until day 7 after radiation. Also, cells showing inﬂammasome activation coexpressed the cell surface apoptosis marker annexin V. The role of caspase-1 as a trigger for hematopoietic cell losses after radiation was studied in caspase-1 2 / 2 mice. We found less radiation-induced cell apoptosis and immune cell loss in caspase-1 2 / 2 mice than in control mice. Next, we tested whether uric acid might mediate inﬂammasome activation in cells by treating mice with allopurinol and discovered that allopurinol treatment completely blocked caspase-1 activation in cells. Finally, we demonstrate that radiation-induced caspase-1 activation occurs by a Nod-like receptor family protein 3–independent mechanism because radiation-exposed Nlrp3 2 / 2 mice showed caspase-1 activation proﬁles that were indistinguishable from those of wild-type mice. In summary, our data demonstrate that inﬂammasome activation occurs in many immune cell types following radiation exposure and that allopurinol prevented radiation-induced inﬂammasome activation. These results suggest that targeting the inﬂammasome may help control radiation-induced inﬂammation. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000. immune cells does not depend on the NLRP3 signaling pathway. In this study, we describe the kinetics and dose-dependent effects of whole-body radiation exposure on inﬂammasome pathway activation in mice and provide evidence to suggest that treating mice with allopurinol, a drug that inhibits the xanthine oxidase enzyme and uric acid synthesis, reduces radiation-induced caspase-1 pathway activation. Additionally, we demonstrate that allopurinol treatment reduces radiation-induced inﬂammation.