Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A large-scale high-resolution numerical model for sea-ice fragmentation dynamics

Sea ice motion and fragmentation forecasts are of vital importance for all human interaction with sea ice, ranging from indigenous hunters to shipping in polar regions. Sea ice models are also important for modelling long term changes in a warming climate. Here we apply a discrete element model (HiDEM), originally developed for glacier calving, to sea ice break-up and dynamics. The code is highly optimized to utilize high-end supercomputers to achieve extreme time and space resolution. Simulated fracture patterns and ice motion are compared to satellite images in the Kvarken region of the Baltic Sea 5 in March 2018. A second application is ice ridge formation in the Bay ✿✿✿ Gulf ✿ of Riga. With a few tens of graphics processing units (GPUs) the code is capable of reproducing observed ice patterns, that in nature may take a few days to form, over an area ∼ 100 km × 100 km , with an 8 m resolution, in computations lasting ∼ 10 hours. The simulations largely reproduce observed fracture patterns, ice motion, fast ice regions, ﬂoe size distributions, and ridge patterns. The similarities and differences between observed and computed ice dynamics and their relation to initial conditions, boundary conditions and applied driving forces 10 are discussed in detail. The results reported here indicate that HiDEM has the potential to be developed into a high-resolution detailed model for sea ice dynamics over short time scales, which combined with large-scale and long-term continuum models may form an efﬁcient framework for sea ice dynamics forecasts.
X-shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects in Lupus. Accretion properties of class II and transitional objects

The mass accretion rate, Ṁ acc , is a key quantity for the understanding of the physical processes governing the evolution of accretion discs around young low-mass ( M ⋆ ≲ 2.0 M ⊙ ) stars and substellar objects (YSOs). We present here the results of a study of the stellar and accretion properties of the (almost) complete sample of class II and transitional YSOs in the Lupus I, II, III and IV clouds, based on spectroscopic data acquired with the VLT/X-shooter spectrograph. Our study combines the dataset from our previous work with new observations of 55 additional objects. We have investigated 92 YSO candidates in total, 11 of which have been definitely identified with giant stars unrelated to Lupus. The stellar and accretion properties of the 81 bona fide YSOs, which represent more than 90% of the whole class II and transition disc YSO population in the aforementioned Lupus clouds, have been homogeneously and self-consistently derived, allowing for an unbiased study of accretion and its relationship with stellar parameters. The accretion luminosity, L acc , increases with the stellar luminosity, L ⋆ , with an overall slope of ~1.6, similar but with a smaller scatter than in previous studies. There is a significant lack of strong accretors below L ⋆ ≈ 0.1 L ⊙ , where L acc is always lower than 0.01 L ⋆ . We argue that the L acc − L ⋆ slope is not due to observational biases, but is a true property of the Lupus YSOs. The log Ṁ acc – log M ⋆ correlation shows a statistically significant evidence of a break, with a steeper relation for M ⋆ ≲ 0.2 M ⊙ and a flatter slope for higher masses. The bimodality of the Ṁ acc – M ⋆ relation is confirmed with four different evolutionary models used to derive the stellar mass. The bimodal behaviour of the observed relationship supports the importance of modelling self-gravity in the early evolution of the more massive discs, but other processes, such as photo-evaporation and planet formation during the YSO’s lifetime, may also lead to disc dispersal on different timescales depending on the stellar mass. The sample studied here more than doubles the number of YSOs with homogeneously and simultaneously determined L acc and luminosity, L line , of many permitted emission lines. Hence, we also refined the empirical relationships between L acc and L line on a more solid statistical basis.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF MODULAR VMS METHODS WITH NONLINEAR EDDY VISCOSITY FOR THE NAIVER-STOKES EQUATIONS

This paper presents a stability, convergence and error analysis for two modular, projection-based variational multiscale (VMS) methods for the incompressible Naiver-Stokes equations. In VMS methods, the influence of the unresolved scales onto the resolved small scales is modeled by a Smagorinsky-type turbulent viscosity acting only on the marginally resolved scales. We analyze a method of inducing a VMS treatment of turbulence in an existing NSE discretization through an additional, uncoupled projection step. For two nonlinear eddy viscosity pparameterizations, we prove an error estimate for this approach. Numerical tests are given that confirm and illustrate the theoretical estimates. One method uses a fully nonlinear step inducing the VMS discretization. The second induces a nonlinear eddy viscosity model with a linear solve of much less cost.
Multi-instrumental analysis of ozone vertical profile and total column in South America: comparison between subtropical and equatorial latitudes

The behavior of ozone gas ( O 3 ) in the atmosphere varies according to the region of the globe. Its formation occurs mainly in the equatorial stratospheric layer, through the photodissociation of molecular oxygen with the aid of the incidence of ultraviolet solar radiation, but the highest concentrations of O 3 content are found in regions of high latitudes (poles) through large-scale circulation (Brewer-Dobson circulation). This work presents a multi-instrumental analysis in subtropical (in Santa Maria (SM) – 29. 4ºS; 53. 8ºW) and equatorial (in Natal (NT) - 5. 4ºS; 35. 4ºW) latitudes of South America, to monitor ozone 5 behavior using O 3 vertical profile data (2002 - 2020) and total column ozone data (1979 - 2020). Comparisons between latitudes were also analyzed with data from ozonesondes, which have continuous measurements of the vertical ozone profile through the SHADOZ/NASA network, where there is a reference station in Natal. For this, 19 years of data were analyzed using SABER and SHADOZ data for NT, through the monthly average series of each instrument the monthly climatological behavior for the NT station was identified, analysis of percentage and relative differences that showed a good agreement between
The Influence of Burnout on Motivational Component in Learning Mathematics: A Case Study

Student burnout can lead to poor academic performance especially in mathematics and with mathematics scores falling globally, academic burnout can become a key factor. The aim of this research is to discuss the perception of students' motivation and causes of burnout in learning mathematics and how they influence motivation. This study was conducted quantitatively as a case study towards 152 students consisting of Science and Engineering students at one university in Selangor, Malaysia. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. The questionnaire focuses on two parts, motivational and causes of burnout which are exhaustion and disengagement. The Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always) was used. The result of this research indicates that students perceived a moderate level of exhaustion and disengagement in learning mathematics. Meanwhile, students perceived a high level of motivation with most of them agreeing that their aim is getting a good grade in mathematics. Aside from that, this research shows a moderate positive significant relationship between motivation and exhaustion while a weak positive significant relationship between motivation and disengagement.
Development of Student Activity Sheets for System of Linear Equation Two Variables Based on Problem Solving in Junior High School

This study aims to produce student activity sheets for system of linear equation two variables based on problem solving that valid and practical also look at potential effects on student’s problem-solving abilities. The research method used is the Tessmer model development research, which stages consist of self review, expert review, one to one, small group and field test. The data collection techniques used in this research are questionnaire, test and interview. The questionnaire and test research data were analyzed by quantitative descriptive method, while interview research data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive method. The validity of the student activity sheets can be seen from three aspects, namely content, construct and language carried out at the expert review stage as well as comments and suggestions from the results of the one-to-one trial. The practicality of student activity sheets can be seen from the calculation results of the practicality questionnaire given at the small group stage. Based on expert review validation, one to one trial results and the results of the questionnaire calculation, the developed of student activity sheets has a validity percentage of 84.9% and has a practicality percentage of 89% with very practical criteria so that a valid and practical student activity sheet is obtained. The developed of student activity sheets also has a potential effect on problem solving seen from the overall test results that students can complete the given test questions with the description of 4 students categorized as very good with a percentage of 22.2%, 7 students categorized as good with a percentage 38.89%, 4 students categorized as enough with a percentage 22.2% and 3 students categorized as less with a percentage 16.67%.
Hölder estimate for the 3 point-vortex problem with alpha-models

In this article we study quasi-geostrophic point-vortex systems in a general setting called alpha point-vortex . We study a particular case of vortex collapses called mono-scale collapses and this study gives the H¨older regularity for the 3-vortex problem. This result implies in particular that the trajectories of the vortices are convergent even in the case of a collapse
Immunomodulation with romiplostim as a second‐line strategy in primary immune thrombocytopenia: The iROM study

Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) stimulate platelet production, which might restore immunological tolerance in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The iROM study investigated romiplostim's immunomodulatory effects. Thirteen patients (median age, 31 years) who previously received first‐line treatment received romiplostim for 22 weeks, followed by monitoring until week 52. In addition to immunological data, secondary end‐points included the sustained remission off‐treatment (SROT) rate at 1 year, romiplostim dose, platelet count and bleedings. Scheduled discontinuation of romiplostim and SROT were achieved in six patients with newly diagnosed ITP, whereas the remaining seven patients relapsed. Romiplostim dose titration was lower and platelet count response was stronger in patients with SROT than in relapsed patients. In all patients, regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) counts increased until study completion and the counts were higher in patients with SROT. Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐9 and IL‐17F levels decreased significantly in all patients. FOXP3 (Treg), GATA3 (Th2) mRNA expression and transforming growth factor‐β levels increased in patients with SROT. Treatment with romiplostim modulates the immune system and possibly influences ITP prognosis. A rapid increase in platelet counts is likely important for inducing immune tolerance. Better outcomes might be achieved at an early stage of autoimmunity, but clinical studies are needed for confirmation.
Agricultural drought dynamics in China during 1982–2020: a depiction with satellite remotely sensed soil moisture

ABSTRACT Agricultural drought (AD) is a serious threat to food security for many regions worldwide. Understanding the dynamics of AD contributes to preventing or mitigating its adverse impacts. Soil moisture (SM) anomaly is a relatively straightforward indicator of AD. However, most of the previous studies on AD dynamics of China were conducted with non-remotely sensed SM indicators due to the lack of long-term and spatial-continuous SM datasets. Here, such an SM dataset was created by enhancing a satellite remote sensing SM dataset with a machine learning method XGBoost, various remote sensing datasets, and some surface or meteorological parameters from reanalysis data. The new SM dataset has a period of 1982–2020, a spatial resolution of 0.25°, and a temporal resolution of 1 month. Furthermore, Standardized SM Index at one-month scale (SSMI1) was calculated, and AD events were identified using the SSMI1 and a 3-dimensional clustering method. Results demonstrated that 1) the new SM presented comparable or even better performances with the original SM as evaluated with spatial distributions, in-situ SM observations, and manufactured data gaps. 2) The AD was most frequent in North China, followed by the western parts of East China, Northeast, and Southwest China. The centroids of identified AD events were found chiefly in the Northeast, North, Southwest, and western parts of East China. 3) The severity of AD events presented a decreasing trend from 1982 to 2020, while significant drying trends were found mostly in the southern parts of North China, western parts of East China, and Southwest China. 4) The AD dynamics revealed in this study are basically consistent with other studies but also have unique features such as more space details and less drought frequency and count than that of meteorological drought. Further studies are expected to create a long-term satellite SM with faster timeliness, higher resolution, and greater depth.
Research on Improving the Pre‐oxidation Process of the Excellent Mechanical Strength Carbon Fiber

This study used Synchrotron Wide‐Angle X‐ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Synchrotron Small Angle X‐ray Scattering (SAXS) to carry out in‐situ study of the pre‐oxidation process of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with two different preparation processes. Through analysis of 2D WAXD/SAXS data, This study divides the evolution of PAN fiber's crystal and microporous structures during pre‐oxidation into three and two stages, respectively. The evolution of PAN fiber's crystal structure during pre‐oxidation can be divided into three stages: 1) Initial stage: small‐sized crystals melt, crystal orientation decreases, and no cyclization reactions occur. 2) Intermediate stage: cyclization reactions happen in the amorphous region, leading to increased crystal size, crystal orientation, and crystallinity. 3) Final stage: cyclization reactions occur in the crystal region, resulting in reduced crystal size and orientation. The evolution of microporous structure can be divided into two stages: microporous shrinkage stage and microporous expansion stage. These features were analyzed using 2D WAXD/SAXS techniques. This study provides valuable references and guidance for the industrial production of PAN fibers by exploring the mechanism of the pre‐oxidation process in‐depth.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Transforming talent management as a game changer for firm competitiveness of Islamic banks

Abstract Organizations have begun to realize how important talent management is for improving firm competitiveness. However, talent management is seen being uncommon in Islamic financial institutions. In addition, since Maqasid Shariah is the foundation upon which Islamic financial institutions are operated, Maqasid Shariah values must also be reflected in talent management. The study aims to examine the role of talent management (TM), Maqasid Shariah (MS), leadership, and organizational commitment (OC) in increasing the firm competitiveness of Islamic banks (IBs) in Indonesia. The study uses a quantitative approach by collecting data from 370 employees of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling—Partial Least Square. The finding shows that talent management has a positive impact on Maqasid Shariah, leadership, organizational commitment, while those variables also play an important role as mediating variables toward firm competitiveness. It also supports that Maqasid Shariah affect the leadership. The study provides important insight into talent management practice, particularly in the Islamic banking industry. The study also provides a reference for the management of Islamic Banks, Islamic banks practitioners, and regulatory authorities in making policies related to the talent management system to increase their competitive advantage in the disruptive era. Furthermore, academicians can use this study’s findings to build curricula for higher education institutions that would better connect with industry needs and produce qualified graduates who can compete on a global scale.
Cardiac Progenitor Cell Exosomal miR-935 Protects against Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress-induced myocardial apoptosis and necrosis are critically involved in ischemic infarction, and several sources of extracellular vesicles appear to be enriched in therapeutic activities. The central objective was to identify and validate the differential exosome miRNA repertoire in human cardiac progenitor cells (CPC). CPC exosomes were first analyzed by LC-MS/MS and compared by RNAseq with exomes of human mesenchymal stromal cells and human fibroblasts to define their differential exosome miRNA repertoire (exo-miRSEL). Proteomics demonstrated a highly significant representation of cardiovascular development functions and angiogenesis in CPC exosomes, and RNAseq analysis yielded about 350 different miRNAs; among the exo-miRSEL population, miR-935 was confirmed as the miRNA most significantly up-regulated; interestingly, miR-935 was also found to be preferentially expressed in mouse primary cardiac Bmi1+high CPC, a population highly enriched in progenitors. Furthermore, it was found that transfection of an miR-935 antagomiR combined with oxidative stress treatment provoked a significant increment both in apoptotic and necrotic populations, whereas transfection of a miR-935 mimic did not modify the response. Conclusion. miR-935 is a highly differentially expressed miRNA in exo-miRSEL, and its expression reduction promotes oxidative stress-associated apoptosis. MiR-935, together with other exosomal miRNA members, could counteract oxidative stress-related apoptosis, at least in CPC surroundings.
Uridine as a Regulator of Functional and Ultrastructural Changes in the Brain of Rats in a Model of 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson’s Disease

Using a model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by the bilateral injection of neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into rat brain substantia nigra (SN), we showed uridine to exert a protective effect associated with activation of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mitoK-ATP) channel. Injection of 4 µg neurotoxin evoked a 70% decrease in the time the experimental animal spent on the rod in the RotaRod test, an increase in the amount of lipid peroxides in blood serum and cerebral-cortex mitochondria and the rate of reactive oxygen species formation, and a decrease in Ca2+ retention in mitochondria. Herewith, lymphocytes featured an increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic enzyme of glycolysis, without changes in succinate-dehydrogenase activity. Structural changes occurring in the SN and striatum manifested themselves in the destruction of mitochondria, degeneration of neurons and synapses, and stratification of myelin sheaths in them. Subcutaneous injections of 30 µg/kg uridine for 22 days restored the neurotoxin-induced changes in these parameters to levels close to the control. 5-Hydroxydecanoate (5 mg/kg), a specific mitoK-ATP channel inhibitor, eliminated the beneficial effect of uridine for almost all characteristics tested, indicating the involvement of the mitoK-ATP channel in the protective effect of uridine. The mechanism of the protective effect of uridine and its therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of PD are discussed.
Overcoming developing-world challenges in cochlear implantation: A Nigerian perspective

The emergence of cochlear implantation (CI) in the mid-20th century was a transformation to the field of restorative otology. The advance in this field has not been felt in lower-income countries where a huge burden of profound hearing loss lies. The authors sought to review the literature on the practice of cochlea implantation in Nigeria. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews, we conducted a scoping review of the literature on CI in Nigeria. All observational studies with information on cochlear implants and/or implantation in Nigeria were included with no limitations on outcomes. The authors extracted the following data; age, sample size, sex, aetiology, outcome, type of devices, complications, challenges and the location of the surgery. The results were pooled and reported as frequencies and percentages. Three studies were utilised in this review. The study included 25 patients. The age of the identified patients ranged from 1.2 months to 63 years. There were slightly more males than females (52% males). The most common aetiology of deafness in the participants was following a febrile illness (40%), followed by deafness post-meningitis (24%). The challenges identified included high cost, lack of full rehabilitative facilities and staff, scepticism, and lack of funding. CI remains the most effective for those that are profoundly deaf. Although successful CI programmes exist in Nigeria, the number of implant programmes and the affordability are not yet commensurate to the needs of the entire Nigerian population.
Mediating Influences of the Exchange Relationship with a Preceptor on the Relationship between Burnout and Job Retention Intention among New Nurses in Korea

The main factor in the turnover of new nurses in Korea is burnout, and a high turnover rate can lead to discontinuation in the nursing profession, due to failure to adapt to the organization. This study aimed to examine the mediating influences of an exchange relationship with the preceptor on the relationship between burnout and job retention intention among new nurses in Korea. Data were collected from 210 new nurses in three general hospitals from 2 May to 30 June 2023. The following statistical analysis were conducted: t-test, ANOVA, the Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, and Hayes Process Macro Model 4 (to test the mediating effect). Burnout was negatively associated with job retention intention (r = −0.54, p < 0.001) and the exchange relationship with the preceptor (r = −0.29, p = 0.001). The exchange relationship with the preceptor was positively associated with job retention intention (r = 0.38, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the mediation analysis indicated that the exchange relationship with the preceptor mediated the relationship between burnout and job retention intention. According to the results, the impact of burnout on the job retention intention was mediated by the exchange relationship with the preceptor. Therefore, to increase the job retention intention of new nurses, developing programs to enhance the exchange relationship with the preceptor are recommended.
Speed of sound of a non-equilibrium medium formed at LHC energies

We estimate the squared speed of sound for the hot and dense QCD states formed in ion collisions at very high energies by exploring the implications of small-bounded and geometry effects in the String Percolation Model. The squared sound velocity shows signals of a local minimum (knee point) below the critical temperature consistent with the softest point in the equation of state and the onset of quark deconfinement that characterizes the quark-gluon plasma phase transition.