Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Commons @ New Haven Digital Commons @ New Haven

The purpose of the research study was to explore the connection between the presence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES) and pathways to the experience of peer victimization. Previous literature indicates that ACEs can have far-reaching negative effects into adulthood. Individuals with multiple ACEs have an increased risk of developing various physical and mental health issues as both children and adults. Research has also demonstrated that ACEs can negatively impact social affiliation and can preclude individuals from seeking social support. Social support is also pertinent in predicting the peer victimization because positive interactions with peers are protective against victimization. However, the relationship between ACEs, social connectedness, and peer victimization is not well understood and few studies have examined the potential connections. Therefore, the present studied examined how the experience of ACEs related to social connectedness, and reported victimization. An electronic survey was conducted using university undergraduate students with ACE score as predictor variable, and social connectedness and victimization as dependent variables. The results indicated that participants with higher ACE scores were more likely to report lower social connectedness. Participants with high ACE scores and lower social connectedness were more likely to report experiences of victimization. A path analysis revealed that social connectedness mediated the relationship between ACE scores and reported victimization. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
THE ROLE OF RACIAL MICROAGGRESSIONS AND ETHNIC RACIAL IDENTITY AFFIRMATION ON ACADEMIC BELONGING AMONG BLACK AND LATINX COLLEGE STUDENTS

Racial microaggressions are subtle forms of racial discrimination experienced by marginalized groups during day-to-day interactions. Growing evidence suggests that these subtle experiences of racial discrimination negatively impact one’s psychological and physical wellbeing. Despite this work, however, few studies have explored the role of racial microaggressions in college students’ academic belonging. Alongside experiences of racial microaggressions, the current study also considered emerging adults’ethnic racial identity (ERI) affirmation, which refers to the positive attitudes and beliefs about one’s ethnic or racial group membership. ERI affirmation is an important construct for adolescents that has been shown to reduce and mitigate stressors, in some instances. To address limitations in the literature, the current study utilized a weekly diary design to examine how fluctuations in racial microaggressions relate to Latinx and Black emerging adults’ academic belonging and how ERI affirmation may mitigate the negative effects of racial microaggressions on academic belonging with peers, faculty, and administrators. Results indicated that week-to-week fluctuations in racial microaggressions were negatively associated with feelings of belonging with peers, but not with faculty or administrators. However, the average experiences of racial microaggressions on sense of belonging were positively associated with feelings of belonging with peers, faculty, and administrators. This suggests that even subtle forms of racial discrimination can impact one’s sense of belonging with others. ERI affirmation, however, did not mitigate the weekly association between racial microaggressions and academic belonging. College institutions must acknowledge that these subtle, yet impactful forms of discrimination, are still very prominent on college campuses and they have implications for emerging adults’ academic belonging
Consensus on the Auxiliary Variables in Distributed Gradient-Based Temporal Difference Algorithms

—In this paper we discuss important properties of two novel distributed algorithms for iterative multi-agent off-policy learning of linear value function approximation in Markov Decision Processes (MDP). The algorithms are derived using the off-policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning (GRL) methodology, together with linear dynamic consensus iterations over an underlying inter-agent communication network represented by directed graphs. The proposed algorithms are entirely decentralized, offering new possibilities for choosing different behavior policies while evaluating one single target policy. The presented algorithms formally differ only in the way of applying consensus iterations to the so-called auxiliary variables. The presented proof of weak convergence of both algorithms represents a firm basis for deriving relevant conclusions concerning the role of the consensus iterations. It is shown that the algorithm utilizing consensus on the auxiliary variables shows slightly inferior asymptotic properties, but can provide a higher convergence rate. The figure of merit of each of the algorithms is presented and discussed using the theoretical results obtained under generally nonrestrictive assumptions.
Study of Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga's formula for dielectric correlation between powder and bulk

Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga's formula for correlation of bulk and powder dielectric parameters has been investigated at microwave and radio frequencies for a number of materials for wide enough experimental conditions of particle size, shape and packing fraction. It has been found that the formula gives good accuracy (about 3%) for dielectric constant determination for particle size not less than 50 μm. For fine powders (particle size less than 30 μm) the deduced dielectric constant is too low by about 3-8%. Dielectric loss determination from the formula is, however, less accurate, the deduced values being always too low by about 10-20%.
Adjustable Sound Absorber of Multiple Parallel-Connection Helmholtz Resonators with Tunable Apertures Prepared by Low-Force Stereolithography of Photopolymer Resin

The variable noise spectrum for many actual application scenarios requires a sound absorber to adapt to this variation. An adjustable sound absorber of multiple parallel-connection Helmholtz resonators with tunable apertures (TA–MPCHRs) is prepared by the low-force stereolithography of photopolymer resin, which aims to improve the applicability of the proposed sound absorber for noise with various frequency ranges. The proposed TA–MPCHR metamaterial contains five metamaterial cells. Each metamaterial cell contains nine single Helmholtz resonators. It is treated as a basic structural unit for an array arrangement. The tunable aperture is realized by utilizing four segments of extendable cylindrical chambers with length l0, which indicates that the length of the aperture l is in the range of [l0, 4l0], and that it is tunable. With a certain group of specific parameters for the proposed TA–MPCHR, the influence of the tunable aperture with a variable length is investigated by acoustic finite element simulation with a two-dimensional rotational symmetric model. For the given noise spectrum of certain actual equipment with four operating modes, the TA–MPCHR sample with a limited total thickness of 40 mm is optimized, which is made of photopolymer resin by the low-force stereolithography, and its actual average sound absorption coefficients for the frequency ranges of 500–800 Hz, 550–900 Hz, 600–1000 Hz and 700–1150 Hz reach 0.9203, 0.9202, 0.9436 and 0.9561, respectively. Relative to common non-adjustable metamaterials, the TA–MPCHR made of photopolymer resin can reduce occupied space and improve absorption efficiency, which is favorable in promoting its practical applications in the noise pollution prevention.
Abundances of simple oxygen-bearing molecules and ions in interstellar clouds

The abundances of simple oxygen-bearing interstellar molecules in warm (Tapproximately-greater-than40 K), diffuse, and moderately thick clouds are calculated on the basis of binary gas phase reactions. The most important reactions are ion-molecule, charge exchange, and dissociative recombination reactions, as suggested mainly by earlier workers. The progenitor of these molecules in diffuse clouds is the cosmic ray produced H/sup +/ ion, working through the charge exchange reaction with O. The ionization of H/sup +/ and He/sup +/ are also discussed. Dissociative charge exchange of He/sup +/ with H/sub 2/ is an important source of H/sup +/ in regions of large fractional abundance of H/sub 2/, as well as an important destruction mechanism for He/sup +/ even for small f (approximately-greater-than0.1). The calculated molecular abundances are consistent with some of the available observational information. (AIP)
Intellectual Property Licensing Tensions: Utilising Open Source Software in the Formal Standard-Setting Context

Open source software (OSS) is playing an increasing role in information and communication technology (ICT) standards. Many standard development organisations (SDOs) are exploring approaches to incorporating OSS into their standard-setting context. How to address intellectual property rights (IPRs) represents one of the challenges they are facing. This paper depicts the difference between open source licenses and IPR policies of SDOs in addressing copyright and patent right. We found that the current IPR frameworks, including the FRAND license commitment for patented technologies and copyright rules for software in standard specifications of the three SDOs (ITU, ETSI, and IEEE), show gaps in avoiding tensions in their interaction scenarios such as implementing standards in open source projects and utilising open source projects for standardisation activities. Some of these concerns might currently be hypothetical, but their significance will likely increase. We suggest that SDOs could change some of the existing rules and design a model utilising OSS according to their specific goals.
Numerical Investigations of Non-equal Mass and Non-equal Spacing Packing of Planetary Bodies

We study the optimal packing of non-equally massed and non-equally spaced multi-planet systems through numerical N-body simulations. Previous studies have generally assumed that a system of equal mass planets will be optimally packed if they are also equally spaced, i.e., if the semi-major axis ratios between planet pairs is a constant. We explicitly test this assumption by obtaining the stability timescales of 5-planet systems around a Sun-like star (with masses varying from 3 Earth masses to 3 Jupiter masses) with increasing degrees of non-uniform-spacing represented by the parameter k. Such systems are simulated using N-body integrations until they reach the point of gravitationally unstable close encounters. For planets with equal masses, a value of k = 1 corresponds to equal spacing, whereas a value of k < 1 leads to the inner planets being more widely spaced than outer planets. We study the optimal value of k for optimal planet packing (i.e., longest stability time) under both equal mass and non-equal mass scenarios and find evidence that k = 1 is optimal under most (but not all) initial conditions; we discuss the scenarios where k < 1 may be preferable. We also study the role that distance to mean-motion resonances (MMRs) play in determining the configurations of optimal planet packing.
A nonmonotone hybrid method for nonlinear systems

A nonmonotone hybrid method for solving nonhnear systems is proposed. The idea consists in matching a Newton-like method stabilized by nonmonotone line-search with a cheap direct search method that reduces monotonically the merit function. The aim is to enlarge the convergence domain of the Newton-like method without either losing its local convergence rate or introducing too much additional computational work. The proposed method has been extensively tested on a number of problems and compared with well assessed methods for nonhnear systems. The results suggest that the potential of the proposed approach is sometimes considerable
Science of active galactic nuclei with the GTC and CanariCam

CanariCam is the facility mid-infrared (MIR) instrument for the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), a 10.4m telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos on La Palma. One of the science drivers for CanariCam is the study of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We will exploit the instrument's high sensitivity in imaging, spectroscopy, and polarimetry modes to answer fundamental questions of AGN and their host galaxies. Dust in the nucleus of an active galaxy reprocesses the intrinsic radiation of the central engine to emerge in the MIR. Current work demonstrates that the hot dust immediately associated with the AGN, which blocks direct views of the AGN from some lines of sight, is confined to small (parsec) scales. Thus, high spatial resolution is essential to probe the "torus" of unified AGN models separate from the host galaxy. CanariCam provides a 0.08" pixel scale for Nyquist sampling the diffraction-limited point spread function at 8μm, and narrow (0.2") spectroscopy slits (with R=120-1300). New observations with the GTC/CanariCam will provide key constraints on the physical conditions in the clumpy torus, and we will sensitively determine AGN obscuration as a function of nuclear activity. We will therefore address the fueling process and its relationship to the torus, the interaction with the host galaxy, and dust chemistry. These data will be essential preparation for the next generation of telescopes that will observe the distant universe directly to explore galaxy and black hole formation and evolution, and the GTC/CanariCam system uniquely provides multiple modes to probe AGN.
EJECTION OF PLANETARY-NEBULAE BY HELIUM SHELL FLASHES AND PLANETARY DISTANCE SCALE

ABSTRACT EJECTION OF PLANETARY NEBULAE BY HELIUM SHELL FLASHES AND THE PLANET ARY DISTANCE SCALE VIRGINIA TRIMBLE Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine Astronomy Program, University of Maryland, College Park AND JULIANA SACKMAN Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology We investigate a conseqeuence of the hypothesis that planetary nebulae are ejected in the nuclear runaway shell flashes which take place in intermediate-mass stars when both hydrogen and helium are burning in thin shells. During this evolutionary phase, the star's luminosity and the time between shell flashes are both (almost) uniquely determined by the star's core mass. Thus, if planetary nebulae with two or more shells are products of ejection at the same velocity by two or more successive flashes, it should be possible to correlate the separation of the shells with the brightnesses of the central stars. Because linear separation and absolute luminosity are related to angular separation and apparent luminosity by distance to the first and second powers, respectively, this correlation provides a constraint on distances to the object. Using data from the literature, we find that the hypothesis is tenable only if the larger of the two distance scales which have been suggested is correct. In this case, the carbon-oxygen cores of the stars apparently have masses of 08 ± 0.15~lll0, which is interesting in connection with measured white-dwarf masses. It should be possible in principle to calibrate a new, independent distance scale for the planetary nebulae based upon his hypothesis. Citation: Ejection of Planetary-Nebulae by Helium Shell Flashes and Planetary Distance Scale. Trimble V and Sackman I. Abstracts 0f Papers Presented at the Claremont Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 20-22 June 1977 Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Vol. 89, No. 531 (October 1977), pp. 612-625
A Variability and Localization Study of the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Source 3EG J1746–2851

I have studied the variability properties and localization of 3EG J1746-2851 based on EGRET data of the observing periods 1-4. Using corrections for known systematic problems and performing various consistency checks, I find no evidence of variability with an amplitude exceeding 30% with the possible exception of viewing period 429, for which a strong soft excess is observed. Source 3EG J1746-2851 is displaced from the exact Galactic center toward positive Galactic longitudes. Sgr A*, the center of Sgr A East, the pulsar J1747-2958, and the TeV γ-ray source observed with HESS seem to be excluded as possible counterparts at the >95% level.
The Coronet, an obscured cluster adjacent to R Corona Austrina

On a decouvert un petit amas d'etoiles jeunes, obscurcies autour de RCA. Les couleurs IR de ces etoiles sont en accord avec l'hypothese selon laquelle il s'agirait d'etoiles pre-sequence principale recemment formees. On suggere la denomination «Coronet» pour ce nouvel amas
Studies and Simulations of PbPb Collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the Glauber Monte Carlo Model

The main purpose of this paper is to simulate nuclear collisions. We review the theoretical background, experimental techniques, and the phenomena presented and provided by the original Glauber model and experiment. Based on the original Glauber model, we change the data and algorithm to test and compare our model with the original results. Then we figure out the spatial eccentricity of quark gluon plasma in different models and analyze the progress in the Glauber model at collider energies.
A Coupled Dynamical and Chemical Model of Starless Cores of Magnetized Molecular Clouds. II. Chemical Differentiation

Dense cores of molecular clouds are the basic units of isolated low-mass star formation. They have been observed extensively in various molecule lines and dust continuum with the aim of revealing their chemical and dynamical state. In a previous paper, we formulated a coupled dynamical and chemical model for data interpretation and carried out an initial investigation focusing on the effects of a magnetic field on the core dynamics and chemistry. Here, we update our chemical network and the treatment of magnetic field-matter coupling and explore the effects of changing various parameters, including the initial gas-phase metal abundances, adsorption energies, cosmic-ray ionization rate, sticking probability onto dust grains, cloud mass, as well as magnetic field strength. The model results are compared with the velocity field and column density distributions of CO, CS, CCS, NH3, N2H+, and HCO+ inferred observationally for the well-studied starless core L1544. We find that, in agreement with previous work, models with the so-called high metal abundances produce excessive CS and CCS by more than 2 orders of magnitude. Models of magnetized clouds with "low metal" and "mixed metal" (with a strong initial depletion of sulphur) abundances can fit the available data on L1544 reasonably well, with the low-metal model fitting somewhat better the chemical data (except for CS) and the mixed-metal model the velocity field. Taking into account of a newly recalculated rate for the neutral-neutral reaction S + CCH → CCS + H increases the abundance of CCS substantially, leading to a better agreement with observation for the mixed-metal model. We considered two sets of adsorption energies, compiled respectively by Aikawa et al. and Hasegawa & Herbst. Our results favor the former over the latter. For our standard models, we adopted a cosmic ionization rate of 1.3 × 10-17 s-1 and a sticking probability of 0.3. Increasing their values does not improve the model fits. Somewhat surprisingly, removing the magnetic support of the cloud leads to relatively modest changes in the peak column densities of the species except for CS. However, the spatial distributions of CS and CCS become more centrally concentrated than observed in L1544, and the infall speed is too large to be acceptable. This illustrates the need for both chemical and dynamical data to provide the tightest possible model constraints. A generic feature of our coupled dynamical and chemical model is that NH3 and, to a lesser extent, N2H+ are concentrated in the slowly contracting, central plateau region of the growing core, whereas CS and CCS are most abundant in the lower density envelope surrounding the plateau, which has a faster infall motion. The chemical differentiation offers an exciting possibility of directly probing the velocity field of core evolution leading to star formation.
Partial discharge location method in GIS coaxial bus structure based on multi-normal photoelectric array

Partial discharge is an important reason for the failure of GIS equipment, and its detection can determine the type and position of the defect in GIS. In the discharge inspection, accurate positioning of defects can provide an important reference for maintenance. In response to this, this paper proposes a discharge optical location method based on multi-normal photoelectric array. Based on the SiPM sensor, a multi-normal array is designed and built into the coaxial structure of GIS equipment. Measuring the responses of each unit in the array to get the response ratio of each element and calculate the direction of the discharge light in space. This paper firstly introduces the array structure, and proposes a solution algorithm in space, which uses the proportional relationship of multi-normal elements to solve the discharge direction. Secondly, the feasibility and error source of this method are verified in the simulation software. Finally, the application effect of this method in actual power equipment is verified by actual measurement, and the results show that this method can accurately locate the partial discharge in GIS.
ON THE PROJECTION OF NORM ONE IN W*-ALGEBRAS, III

In the present paper, we will study on the projection of norm one from any W*-algebra onto its subalgebra. By a projection of norm one we mean a projection mapping from any Banach space onto its subspace whose norm is one. At first, we find some properties of a projection of norm one from a C*-algebra to its C*-subalgebra. These properties turn out to have some interesting applications to the recent theory of W*-algebras, which we shall show in the following. Through our discussions we denote the dual of a Banach space M and the second dual by M’ and M", respectively. Theorem 1. Let M be a C*-algebra with a unit and N its C*subalgebra. If r is a projection of norm one from M to N, then 1. r is order preserving, 2. r(axb)--ar(x)b for all a, beN, 3. r(x). r(x) r(x.x) for all x e M. Proof. Consider the second dual of M and N, M" and N". M" is a W*-algebra containing M as a a-weakly dense C*-subalgebra by Sherman’s theorem (cf. [14, 15), and N" may be considered as a W*-subalgebra of M", for it is identified with the bipolar of N in M". The second transpose of r, the extension of r to M", is a projection of norm one from M" to N". Thus, it suffices to prove the theorem when M is a W*-algebra and N a W*-subalgebra of M. As in [5, Lemrna 8 we can show that r is ,-preserving and order preserving, which one can easily see since r is of norm one. Next, take a projection e of N and a eM, positive and ilai[_<1. We have e_> eae, whence e_> r(eae), so that r(eae)er(eae)e. Thus, we have r(exe)-er(exe)e for all xeM. Take an element xM, ltxlt_l. Put r(ex(1--e))-x’. Then il ex(1-e)+ne ]i-ll {ex(1-e)+ne}[(1-e)x.e+ne} il ]i ex(1-e)x.e/ne ]]/ <_ (1 +n) for all integers n. On the other hand, if ex’e+ ex’*e 0 we may suppose without loss of 2 generality that this element has a positive spectrum >0. Then, il x’Ene ]]ii ex’e+ ne +ex’(1--e)E(1--e)x’eE(1--e)x’(1--e) [[