Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Genetic Transformation System of “Allstar” Strawberry Leaf

Leaf of“Allstar"strawberry containing nptⅡwas investigated and Agrobacterium tumifaciens -mediated transformation was used.Factors on Agrobacterium tumifaciens -mediated gene transfer was discussed in detail.The optimal concentration of kanamycin to strain fungus was 30mg/L and of carbenicillin was 450mg/L.Transient expression ratio of GUS improved by adding of 50μmol/L AS to medium.The ideal time for leaves dipping in Agrobacterium was 10-15min and the optimal co-cultivation was 3 days.Kanamycin-resistant shoots regenerated with the ratio of 1.1% were preliminarily identified as transgenic shoots.
Sex ratio, length-weight relationship, condition and relative condition factor of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) in Sunderban mangrove forest, Bangladesh

This study was attempted to determine the basic biological information on Scylla olivacea collected from Sunderban mangrove forest, Bangladesh during a period of May-October 2016. The average length of male and female crabs was 87.48 mm and 79.86 mm with an average weight of 173.15 g and 97.15 g, respectively. Although the sex ratio of this species remained uneven throughout the study, highest (male: female=1:3) was recorded in 70-79 mm size range. In length-weight relationship, the coefficient determinant (r2) for male was 96.5%, for female was 98.2%, and for combined sexes was 93.9%. The value of exponential ‘b’ at 95% confidence interval was 3.222-3.45 in male, 2.618-2.748 in female and 3.06-3.261 in combined sexes. A strong positive correlation was observed in length-weight relationship of three different sexes. The value b observed in combined sexes resulted that the growth of these organisms was close to isometrics. The average condition factor (K) in male was 0.025 and in female was 0.019 and but the Kn of male was 0.0000057 and female was 0.00014. The obtained K value suggested, males were much heavier than female at the same length. However, this study will be helpful to understand the biological status of Scylla olivacea fishery in Sunderban mangrove forest, Bangladesh which ultimately could be used in the management of mud crab resources in this forest.
O efeito do tempo de equilíbrio sobre a qualidade do sêmen caprino criopreservado

Sete amostras de semen de um caprino adulto, colhidas com a utilizacao de vagina artificial, foram submetidas a criopreservacao, com o objetivo de verificar a influencia do tempo de equilibrio sobre a congelabilidade do semen caprino. O tempo de equilibrio foi considerado o tempo total em que os espermatozoides forma mantidos em contato com o glicerol e com os demais componentes do diluidor, previamente a congelacao. Logo depois da colheita e avaliacao, o semen foi diluido e envasado em palhetas de 0,25mL, com dose inseminante de 100 x 106 espermatozoides. Essas foram encaminhadas para o resfriamento, com uma curva media de resfriamento de -1,07oC/min, ate atingirem a temperatura de 5oC (30min de periodo de resfriamento). Depois desse periodo as amostras foram mantidas a temperatura de 5oC ate completarem 1, 2, 3 e 4h de tempo de equilibrio total, repectivamente G1, G2, G3 e G4. Posteriormente, congeladas em vapor de nitrogenio liquido. A descongelacao foi realizada em banho-maria a 37oC por 30s. Atraves dos parâmetros espermaticos estudados, o tempo de equilibrio de 2h (G2) foi o protocolo que obteve os melhores indices de viabilidade espermatica apos o processo de congelacao-descongelacao, quando comparado com os demais grupos avaliados.
Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19

The recent passing away of Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki, who first described what is now known as Kawasaki Disease (KD), and recent reports of a multisystem inflammatory disease in children associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (MIS-C), makes a review on KD and MIS-C timely. Kawasaki Disease is a systemic vasculitis with predilection for coronary arteries occurring mostly in early childhood. The main features are high fever, extensive skin rash, cheilitis with red, cracking, bleeding lips and strawberry tongue, conjunctivitis, erythema and induration of hands and feet, subsiding with periungual peeling, cervical lymphadenopathy, and coronary artery dilation/aneurysms. Treatment consists of intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (Ig) plus acetylsalicylic acid. MIS-C is considered a cytokine storm with high fever, inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, that shares features with KD, toxic shock, and macrophage activation syndrome. Many children require admission to paediatric intensive care units for circulatory support. Bacterial sepsis, staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, and enterovirus-causing myocarditis should be excluded. Treatment is not standardized and includes IVIg, IV methylprednisolone and IL-6 and IL-1 inhibitors.
Impacts on Visitation and Experience

A significant research body on recreation constraints exists, but wilderness constraints research is limited. Like other recreationists, wilderness visitors likely experience a number of constraints, factors that limit leisure preference formation or participation and enjoyment. This project explored how visitors’ experiences with and in wilderness are constrained, and examined responses to those constraints. A hermeneutic approach (Patterson and Williams 2002) provided the stories of wilderness visitors’ experiences and constraints to experiences with and in wilderness. A purposive sample identified respondents for in-depth face-to-face interviews with a semistructured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analysis considered visitors’ individual stories and stories across individuals. Member checking and dual readers provided discussion opportunities about and validation of the interpretations. Similar to other types of recreation, a variety of constraints to wilderness visitation emerged, although structural constraints dominated the conversations. Of particular interest to wilderness managers are the visitors’ coping responses to constraints: shortened trips with fewer miles traveled influence both social and biophysical management areas. Future research opportunities include monitoring longer-term impacts on experiences, visitor use patterns, and subsequent biophysical impacts. PEER REVIEWED Introduction Constraints are “factors that are assumed by researchers and/or perceived or experienced by individuals to limit the formation of leisure preferences and/or to inhibit or prohibit participation and enjoyment in leisure” (Jackson 2000, p. 62). Since inception, recreation constraints research has resulted in substantial insight as to what constraints exist (Jackson 2005; Mowen, Payne, and Scott 2005; Green, Bowker, Johnson, et al. 2007), how constraints can be modeled (Jackson 2005; Walker and Virden 2005; Schneider and Stanis Wilhelm 2007), and how constraints are negotiated or accommodated (Jackson, Crawford, and Godbey 1993; Samdahl and Jekubovich 1997; Walker and Virden 2005; Schneider and Stanis Wilhelm 2007). However, wilderness constraints research is quite limited. A brief review of constraints research reveals that structural constraints were initially hypothesized to intervene between leisure preference and participation, intrapersonal constraints were psychological attributes that interacted with preferences, and interpersonal constraints seemingly arose out of interactions with others. In the evolution of constraints models since the 1990s (Crawford, Jackson, and Godbey 1991; Jackson et al. 1993; Walker and Virden 2005; Schneider and Stanis Wilhelm 2007), a complex and comprehensive model is currently under consideration. The model includes individual and situational factors that influence appraisal and response processes to constraints and recognizes these simultaneously occurring constraints can be accommodated or negotiated (Schneider and Stanis Wilhelm; Walker 2007). A variety of coping mechanisms are frequently used in response to constraints, typically
STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTESTINAL FLORA IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS BY USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING

Objective To study the characteristics of intestinal microflora in patients with GDM, and to analyze the diversity and abundance of intestinal microflora. To explore the relationship between GDM and the changes of intestinal microflora. Methods: Mid-term pregnant women of 24-28 weeks of gestation in the outpatient department of the Third Affiliated Hospital Zhengzhou University from February 2017 to December 2017 for glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were enrolled in the study. 13 consecutive patients who met the diagnostic criteria for GDM were the experimental group (GH group), 11 consecutive normal pregnant women who matched with age and excluded pregnancy complications were used as a control group (NH group), and collect fecal specimens. High-throughput sequencing of V4 region of bacterial 16s rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform, and the results were analyzed by bioinformatics. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the difference of intestinal microflora between GDM patients and healthy pregnant women, the results showed that the abundance of intestinal microflora in GDM patients was lower than that in healthy pregnant women, and the distribution of microflora is different. In the GDM group, the intestinal microflora structure was significantly different（ P ＜0.05. At the level of genera, the abundance of Aggregatibacter, Campylobacter, Desulfovibrio, Gemmiger, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Odoribacteria, Oxalobacter, Porhyromonas, WAL_1855D were lower than that of healthy control group (P < 0.05). Among them, the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Gemmiger and Odoribacter was significantly reduced in GDM patients. LEfSe analysis indicated that methanobacteria, Archaea and Vibrio played an important role in the healthy group, while Haemophilus and Pasteurella played an important role in the gestational diabetes mellitus group. Conclusions: The abundance of intestinal microbiota during mid-pregnancy was decreased in GDM patients compared with healthy pregnant women, and the distribution of microflora among individuals varied greatly.
Histopathological alterations in lymph node of Theileriosis affected crossbred cattle: A case report

A nine (9) year old Jersey crossbred cow carcass was presented for necropsy to local veterinary dispensary with a history of inappetance, pyrexia (1060F), lacrimation, decreased milk production, lethargy, dark brown coloured urine and prolonged lateral recumbency. On necropsy, petechial conjunctiva, pallor visible mucosa and enlarged prescapular lymph node were observed. Smears (blood and lymph node aspirate) and lymph node tissue sections were stained with wright-giemsa and haematoxylin-eosin stain respectively at Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Cytologically, smears showed presence of pleomorphic piroplasms in erythrocytes and schizonts in mononuclear cells. Histopathologically, lymph node sections revealed depleted lymphocytes in cortical lymphoid follicles, lymphocyte proliferation and degenerated high endothelial venules in paracortex. Medulla showed distended sinuses with endothelial degeneration and distorted cords with decreased cell density. In conclusion, the findings noticed in the present paper revealed that Theileriosis caused by T. annulata is associated with lymphoid tissue alterations.
Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and concerns to human papilloma virus vaccine among female nursing professionals in India

Infection with human papilloma virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections which play a central role in causation of cervical cancer and are the most important risk factor for cervical cancer. Vaccination against HPV before sexual debut is one of the most effective strategies to prevent cervical cancer linked to HPV. A prophylactic vaccine has already been developed and received worldwide approval for its use, with many countries included in their national immunization schedule. ABSTRACT
Three Distinct Reversing Modes in the Geodynamo 1

The data that describe the long term reversing behavior of the geodynamo show strong and sudden changes in magnetic reversal frequency. This concerns both the onset and the end of superchrons and most prob ably the occurrence of episodes characterized by extreme geomagnetic reversal frequency (>10–15 rev./Myr). To account for the complexity observed in geomagnetic reversal frequency evolution, we propose a simple sce nario in which the geodynamo operates in three distinct reversing modes: i—a “normal” reversing mode gen erating geomagnetic polarity reversals according to a stationary random process, with on average a reversal rate of ~3 rev./Myr; ii—a non reversing “superchron” mode characterizing long time intervals without rever sal; iii—a hyper active reversing mode characterized by an extreme geomagnetic reversal frequency. The transitions between the different reversing modes would be sudden, i.e. on the Myr time scale. Following pre vious studies, we suggest that in the past, the occurrence of these transitions has been modulated by thermal conditions at the core mantle boundary governed by mantle dynamics. It might also be possible that they were more frequent during the Precambrian, before the nucleation of the inner core, because of a stronger influence on geodynamo activity of the thermal conditions at the core mantle boundary. DOI: 10.1134/S106935131602004X 1
Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Benth. harvesting as a tool for conservation and source of income for local people in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve

Abstract We analyze the contribution of Parkia biglobosa fruit harvesting as source of income for local communities around the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin and the role that this exploitation plays in improving the conservation status of this species. We interviewed 124 farmers in five villages and conducted field surveys on 80 plots of 50 m* 50 m. Results show that P. biglobosa contributes to 53% to family net income during its fructification period. Poorer, intermediate as well as wealthier households rely equally on the species. It appears that land unavailability is an important factor which determines household link with species. Very little evidence could be found indicating that harvesting is damaging the resource. Therefore, for reproducible resources such as P. biglobosa, it would be possible to reconcile conservation and poverty reduction objectives.
The Effect of Using the Smart Board in Developing 10th Grade Primary Pupils’ Achievement in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

The study aims to identify the effect of using the smart board on developing achievement for the 10 th -grade students in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The two researchers use two different research approaches, namely the descriptive analytical approach used to extrapolate the related literature on the independent variable and the dependent variable, and the experimental approach to measure the independent variable (The smart board). The study sample consists of the tenth elementary grade students randomly selected in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. They are distributed into two groups, the experimental group taught using an educational program based on the use of the smart board and a control group taught in the traditional method. The researchers have designed a 30-question achievement test in the second semester of the year 2018-2019. The results of the study show that there is an effect on the use of smart board among the tenth-grade students in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan due to the excellence of the experimental group over its control group in the achievement test. Keywords : effect, smart board, achievement, 10 th grade DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-18-23 Publication date: June 30th 2020
Morphological characterization of indigenous goats in the region of Laghouat in Algeria

1Department of Agronomy. University Amar Telidji. Laghouat. Algeria. 2Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources. Higher National Veterinary School. Algiers. Algeria. 3Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH). Sustainable Animal Production. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. University of Liege. Liege. Belgium. 4Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Ottawa. Ontario. Canada.
Ameliorative effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia against methotrexate induced toxicity in mice

Present study conducted on ameliorative effect of Tinospora Cordifolia against Methotrexate induced toxicity in mice on the thirty-two either sex mice having 4-5 weeks of age with approximately 20-30 gm body weight or divided into four equal groups. During experiment, mice showed dullness, depression, lethargy and loss of decreased spontaneous activity and body weight like clinical sign and symptoms. Significant decreased in body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and significantly increased in relative organ weight of liver were recorded in methotrexatetreated group. Hematological finding revealed significant decreased (P≤ 0.05) in Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and lymphocyte count were also observed in methotrexate treatedgroup. The mild to moderate intensive lesions were observed in clinical sign, organ weight and hematological findings in Tinospora cordifolia treated group. It was revealed that supplementation of hydro-ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia through oral route may reduce the severity of methotrexate toxicity in mice.
New Entry Threats and Information Disclosure: Evidence from the U.S. IT Industry

We examine whether the threats of new entry emerging from the entrepreneurial space influence incumbents information disclosure behavior in the fast-moving IT industry. We argue that when facing greater new entry threats (NET), incumbents will be less transparent in information disclosure, due to the higher proprietary costs associated with disclosure. Using a novel measure of NET based on text-mining approaches, we show that a higher level of NET is associated with a decrease in the transparency of incumbents information disclosure. Further, we find the effect is less pronounced in highly concentrated industries, where the relatively high entry barriers reduce the likelihood that NET will develop into realized competition, and the effect to be more pronounced in sub-industries where proprietary information is more vulnerable to misappropriation.
Effect of botanicals and biofungicide on controlling tikka disease (Cercospora sp.) of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

The leaf spot or Tikka disease (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidiumpersonatum) of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a predominant, devastating and economically important foliar fungal disease and a major yield reducing factor of groundnut, not only in Bangladesh, but also all over the world. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety Dhaka-1 due to early and late leaf spot (Tikka) by over 30–48% in Bangladesh. The efficacy of NLEFS (Azadirachta indica), DebLEFS (Polyalthia longifolia), DLEFS (Datura metel), Trichoderma based biofungicides (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS) along with a check (Bavistin) and control were evaluated in the pot and field research. Among the treatments, BBSFS, NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed better performance in controlling leaf spot and increasing pod yield by 53.61, 51.91, 40.85 and 38.72%, respectively as compared to control in the field. In case of seedling germination, BBSFS gave 97.77% germination followed by NLEFS (88.14%), DLEFS (93.33%) and DebLEFS (95.55%). BBSFS produced higher length and weight of shoot and root and vigour index as compared to control. Maximum vigour index was observed under BBFS (1583.88). BBSFS gave higher plant height, number of leaves and minimum number of infected leaves in the pots and field as compared to control. Minimum leaf area diseased was obtained with BBSFS followed by Bavistin in the field. Biofungicide (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS), NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed promising performance in number and weight of pods and pod yield in the pots and field. Maximum weight of pods/plant and weight of mature pods/plant was achieved with BBSFS (20.05 g and 18.55 g) followed by NLEFS (19.83 g and 18.22 g). The highest net profit was recorded with the use of BBSFS by Tk. 176768.00/ha followed by NLEFS Tk. 172275.00/ha, BBFS Tk. 168818.00/ha, while the lowest Tk. 96443.00/ha in untreated control. Maximum Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) 1: 2.77 was found in BBSFS followed by BBST (1: 2.65), BBFS (1: 2.64) and NLEFS (1: 2.62).
Reading strategies of fast and slow readers

In three subject-paced experiments we evaluated reading patterns at the word, line, and sentence level for fast and slow readers. A moving-window method was used to collect word reading times for natural texts. At the word level, reading times of word N were influenced by features of word N-1 for fast readers but not for slow readers. The lag effect exhibited by fast readers indicates that they continue to process a word when it is no longer in view, thus limiting the notion of immediate processing. Contrary to our initial expectation that fast readers would process only a single new argument from a sentence, whereas slow readers would process several new arguments, we found that both reader groups adopted a many-argument strategy. However, fast and slow readers differed in terms of the text units (lines vs. sentences) defining the new-argument effects: Fast readers exhibited greater new-argument effects relative to lines, whereas slow readers exhibited greater new-argument effects relative to sentences. Specifically, slow readers integrated the new arguments primarily at the end of the sentence, whereas fast readers did so at line boundaries. These results are discussed in terms of a buffer-and-integrate model of reading comprehension.
Clues of Sexual Reproduction in the 'Ancient Asexual' Fungal Lineage: The Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent an ancient and critical symbiotic partner with the majority of land plants, understood to promote ecosystem productivity and biodiversity and are also important to ecologically sound land management practices. The fungus is thought to be over 400 million years old, and due to a lack of an observable sexual cycle, has been placed into a select group of eukaryotes called 'ancient asexuals', which seemingly defy evolutionary theory by persisting for an extended period of time in the absence of sexual reproduction. Recently however, molecular evidence has accumulated which may suggest AMF harbour a cryptic sexual cycle. In the first chapter of this thesis, entitled "Searching for clues of sexual reproduction in the genomes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", I review evidence supporting this notion of a cryptic sexual cycle in AMF which includes: the presence of recombinational events, meiosis-specific genes as well as mating-specific transcription factors called SexM and SexP of the MATA_HMG protein family which are otherwise found only in the genomes of sexual fungi. In the second chapter, I present the main research of my MSc work where I used bioinformatic, population genetic, molecular and experimental approaches to build on this existing evidence of sexuality in AMF. These findings include the presence of a dramatically expanded family of MAT-HMG genes which are present in several isolates of the Rhizophagus irregularis and also harbour significant allele variation amongst these isolates, some of which resembles variation expected at MATgenes in other fungi. Q-RT-PCR procedures revealed that at least some of these genes tend to increase in expression during crosses of R. irregularis isolates. We also uncovered the presence of a unique genomic region where at least three of these genes are located in tandem. Finally, several tests of recombination support the presence of intraisolate as well as interisolate recombination events occurring between these MAT-HMG genes.