Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test Guide for ADS-33E-PRF

Abstract : This Test Guide provides guidance for testing to the requirements of ADS33E-PRF, Aeronautical Design Standard, Performance Specification, Handling Qualities Requirements for Military Rotorcraft. Information is also provided for the gathering and analysis of the necessary data, including reference to more detailed sources as appropriate. In addition, guidance is provided for planning a flight test program, including selection of test conditions and estimating the overall scope. This Guide is intended to be of value for testing throughout the development cycle for a rotorcraft design, whether it is a new prototype or a modification to an existing design. It is expected that this Guide will be a reference source for both the developer of the rotorcraft and the procuring activity. Section I of the Test Guide provides an introduction and describes the overall scope. Section II provides detailed guidance for testing and data analysis, and interpretation for each requirement. Section III provides guidance for the selection of test conditions and rotorcraft Status for flight testing. An Appendix describes the input types required for applying the quantitative requirements of ADS-33E-PRF.
CALIBRATED MECHANISTIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR PAVEMENTS. VOLUME I - FINAL REPORT; VOLUME II - APPENDICES

The major tasks of this project were the selection of mechanistic analysis procedures, the consideration and further development of distress models, and the conduct of pilot calibration and verification studies. The structural models and available computer codes for mechanistic analysis are adequate for supporting the development and initial implementation of AASHTO mechanistic-empirical thickness design procedures for flexible and rigid pavements. Mechanistic based pavement distress prediction models are the weak link in the mechanistic-empirical design approach. Extensive field calibration and verification are required to establish reliable distress prediction models. Useable pavement transfer functions (distress models) are available for some pavement distresses (asphalt concrete fatigue and subgrade rutting; concrete fatigue related cracking and faulting of doweled joints). Extensive calibration/verification activities should be considered as continuing and essential by any agency utilizing mechanistic-empirical pavement thickness design procedures. Mechanistic-empirical pavement design is "A REALITY". Some State highway agencies are already using this approach. It is recommended that AASHTO continue to support the development and initial implementation of mechanistic-empirical procedures for the thickness design of new flexible and rigid pavements. The selected structural analysis models and available transfer functions are adequate to support these initial development and implementation activities.
Correlation between the size of the maxillary sinus and vertical growth patterns: a 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomographic study

Background The maxillary sinus has been considered as an important factor that affects the development of craniomaxillofacial bone. However, the correlation between the maxillary sinus and skeletal malocclusion is controversial. This study aimed to compare the dimensions of the maxillary sinus in patients with different vertical growth patterns and investigated the correlation between the maxillary sinus and craniofacial parameters.Methods This descriptive study included 90 patients from age 15 to 20 years old. According to the vertical growth patterns that were classified by MP-FH (angle between the mandibular plane and Frankfort horizontal plane), they were equally divided into three groups: high-, low- and normal-angle, and the gender ratio was 1:1. Cephalometric tracings were conducted from CBCT images, which were also used to measure the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple comparison LSD.Results The variables of the maxillary sinus, including the volume, length, and width, among different groups, were significant(p<0.05). The variables of mandibular body length were significantly correlated with the volume of the maxillary sinus (p<0.01), and the coefficient was 0.425. Conclusions The maxillary sinus volume, length, and width were larger in low-angle patients. The mandibular body length had a significantly positive correlation with the maxillary sinus volume.
Muscle Recovery After Exercise, Training and Competition: Physiological Indicators and Non-invasive Monitoring Techniques

s, eds. R. Collette, S. Endler, T. Pelzer, C. Rasche, C. Winter, and M. Pfeiffer (Mainz: Zentraldruckerei der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz), 80–81. Schwellnus, M. , Soligard, T. , Alonso, J. M. , Bahr, R. , Clarsen, B. , Dijkstra, H. P., et al. (2016). How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. Br. J. Sports Med. 50, 1043–1052. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096572 Seiler, S. , Haugen, O. , and Kuffel, E. (2007). Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes: Intensity and duration effects. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39, 1366–1373. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318060f17d Soligard, T. , Schwellnus, M. , Alonso, J.-M. , Bahr, R. , Clarsen, B. , Dijkstra, H. P., et al. (2016). How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury. Br. J. Sports Med. 50, 1030–1041. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096581 Stanley, J., Peake, J. M. , and Buchheit, M. (2013). Cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following exercise: implications for training prescription. Sports Med. 43, 1259–1277. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0083-4 Starling, L. T. , and Lambert, M. I. (2018). Monitoring rugby players for fitness and fatigue: what do coaches want? Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 13, 777–782. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0416 Swinton, P. A. , Hemingway, B. S. , Saunders, B. , Gualano, B. , and Dolan, E. (2018). A statistical framework to interpret individual response to intervention: paving the way for personalized nutrition and exercise prescription. Front. Nutr. 5:41. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018. 00041 Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J.-P., Lipponen, J. A. , Ranta-Aho, P. O. , and Karjalainen, P. A. (2014). Kubios HRV-heart rate variability analysis software. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 113, 210–220. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb. 2013.07. 024 Thorpe, R. T. , Atkinson, G. , Drust, B. , and Gregson,W. (2017). Monitoring fatigue status in elite team-sport athletes: implications for practice. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 12, S227–S234. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0434 Trimmel, K. , Sacha, J., Huikuri, H. V. , (eds.). (2015). Heart Rate Variability: Clinical Applications and Interaction Between HRV and Heart Rate. Lausanne: Frontiers Media. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88919-652-4 Urhausen, A. , Gabriel, H. , and Kindermann, W. (1995). Blood hormones as markers of training stress and overtraining. Sports Med. 20, 251–276. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199520040-00004 Urhausen, A. , and Kindermann, W. (2002). Diagnosis of overtraining: what tools do we have? Sports Med. 32, 95–102. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232020-
Measuring the Impact of Risk on Bank Spreads in Commercial Banks in Kenya

This study looks at the impact of risk on bank spreads in Kenya’s banking sector using data from 13 banks selected through purposive sampling on the basis of available data. Two forms of risk namely credit risk and liquidity risk are analysed against bank spread as dependent variable. Bank spread is measured in two ways: interest rate spread and gross margin. The data is analysed using correlation and regression statistics. The findings on credit risk are non-significant and not in the expected direction of the study hypothesis. Liquidity risk results were negative and significant with both spread measures leading to the conclusion that banks recover the opportunity cost of holding low earning assets from customers. There is need for banks to come up with more innovative investment products for its depositors to allow for longer term holding of such deposits thus lowering liquidity risk premiums. Government would also do well to manage the level of borrowing from the domestic market so as to re-direct commercial bank lending away from the low earning government paper to private lending which has higher yields. This would reduce the need to cover for the opportunity cost of holding so much assets in liquid form.
Statistical Directions for the Analysis of Participatory Mobile Health Asthma Management Data

Mobile technology has become increasingly popular in the past decade through the combination of device portability and advances in network and internet technology. Smart phones, in particular, are at the forefront of these technologies, enabling users to remotely track and further involve themselves in the management of personal health through participatory mobile health applications. Thus far, the majority of participatory applications currently provide users with data visualizations displaying information germane to the user's medical condition, however, there is still a need for in-depth exploratory and inference-based data analysis using advanced statistical methods to maximize the discernment of potential implications carried in these data streams. This paper provides an overview of the structure of participatory data using an asthma management application as an initial platform and discusses several directions for statistical analysis motivated by three usage cases: individuals using the application, creators of the application, and the scientific community. Methods include functional and semi-parametric data analysis, mixed modeling, and clustering methods to model variables representing asthma wellness as a function of subject-specific, population level, and latent spatiotemporal factors. Societal implications are also discussed.
Dissolution Rate, Weathering Mechanics, and Friability of TNT, Comp B, Tritonal, and Octol

Abstract : The Army needs live-fire training and testing, but residues from such activity can contaminate nearby groundwater and trigger regulatory actions that restrict training or even close bases. Our three-year project measured the dissolution of TNT, Comp B, Tritonal, Octol, and C4, both in the laboratory and outdoors under conditions that mimic what occurs in the field-dissolution of spatially isolated explosives scattered onto range soils. The resulting data and dissolution models provided insight on environmental factors that affect dissolution, the frequency at which explosive chunks split, and the size of explosive loads on existing ranges. Our drop-impingement model indicated we can use rainfall data and average solubility to calculate the dissolution rate and expected lifespan of explosive pieces. Other findings included learning that the crushing strengths of explosives were low and did not significantly change after three years of outdoor exposure. Also, size distributions of the crushed explosives showed power law distributions, as found for blow-in-place, low-order detonations. This similarity suggests that we can crudely estimate particle size distributions on soils from total mass. Range managers can use the work reported here to guide future training and cleanup activities.
An Empirical Investigation of Bubble in the Turkish Stock Market

: In this paper, twenty – four sectoral indices of stock prices operated in the Turkish stock market are analyzed for evidence of rational speculative bubbles using the generalized supremum Augmented – Dickey – Fuller (GSADF) test. Then, detecting rational speculative bubbles, we define a dummy variable to capture the bubble dates and ran the logit model to determine the factors that influence bubble formation. Empirical results depict that Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), Credit Default Swap Spreads (CDS), and Volatility Index (VIX) are the important variables that cause the probability of bubble formation in the Turkish stock market.
Barricade Influence on Blast Wave Propagation

Abstract : As everyone knows, barricade is one of the most efficient means available to protect persons, goods and facilities against fragments. It is also an efficient solution to minimize blast hazards by reducing overpressure level just behind. Purpose of this study is to check that there is effectively an overpressure decrease behind barricade and to assess it. In order to improve our knowledge on this phenomenon, we analyzed scale model tests performed at Captieux (south of France). These tests consisted in overpressure measurements in free field and behind barricades to compare them. During these tests a double barricade efficiency was also assessed. Simultaneously, numerical simulations were carried out with a two dimensional finite volume code based on Euler equations. Following parameters were used in this study : NEQ (Net Explosive Quantity), Shape and sizes of barricade, Scaled distance between charge and barricade. Computed and experimental results are in a good agreement.
Application of a New Method of Noninvasive Aassessment of Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders in the Population Screening

Method for conducting a non-invasive screening of the population for carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD) has been developed and described. The novelty of the method is that there are no medical standards in the field of endocrinology for the non-invasive type of screening, so the method was based on the results of a clinical study of electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with CMD, where the method of non-invasive determination of CMD by first-lead ECG was used. During the development of the method, an additional analysis of the ECG sample obtained during the study was performed. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the effectiveness of the method (sensitivity and specificity) vary slightly depending on the time of taking an ECG during the day. This means that the patient can come to the screening using the new method of non-invasive detection of CMD not only in the morning and not necessarily on an empty stomach, in contrast to the invasive methods (fasting plasma glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test). To make a decision «there is a suspicion of CMD /there is no suspicion of CMD», the patient only needs to take up to 2 ECGs.
Demonstration of the BioBaler harvesting system for collection of small-diameter woody biomass

As part of a project to investigate sustainable forest management practices for producing wood chips on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) for the ORNL steam plant, the BioBaler was tested in various Oak Ridge locations in August of 2011. The purpose of these tests and the subsequent economic analysis was to determine the potential of this novel woody biomass harvesting method for collection of small-diameter, low value woody biomass. Results suggest that opportunities may exist for economical harvest of low-value and liability or negative-cost biomass. (e.g., invasives). This could provide the ORR and area land managers with a tool to produce feedstock while improving forest health, controlling problem vegetation, and generating local employment.
PEDAL CYCLE ACCIDENTS - A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

The main source of road accident data in Great Britain is that collected by the police for input to the national data base. This data base provides limited information about the accidents and injuries sustained by the casualties. Previous research has shown a large number of accidents involving pedal cyclists do not get reported to the police and hence do not appear in the data base. This report describes a one year hospital based study undertaken to identify the main factors and the level of under-reporting of pedal cycle accidents, and to investigate these accidents in depth. Under-reporting rates are calculated for slight, serious and fatal accidents which are used to estimate the total number and actual cost of pedal cycle accidents. The main causes of accidents to children, teenagers and adults are identified, and blame and conspicuity are discussed. The injuries sustained by the casualties are examined by body region and in relation to length of stay in hospital. Engineering and educational measures likely to reduce pedal cycle accidents are discussed and the potential saving in casualty costs, which would accrue from the use of helmets by cyclists, has been estimated. (a)
EFFECTS OF LEAFLET STIFFNESS ON THE DYNAMIC MOTION OF THE AORTIC HEART VALVE

The effects of valve leaflet mechanical properties on the dynamic geometry and function of the aortic heart valve are, to date, not well understood. This is largely due to the complex anatomy and solid-fluid interactions inherent in valve function. In the present study, the effects of leaflet stiffness on the dynamic aortic valve leaflet 3D geometry were quantified using a novel, non-contacting imaging system over the complete cardiac cycle. The imaging system utilized a structured laser-light imaging method, incorporated into a physiological flow loop, to project a high density matrix of laser dots onto the leaflet surface. The resulting dot pattern defined the leaflet surface, and was imaged by a pair of borescopes equipped CCD cameras providing stereographic views. From the image pairs, 3D dot coordinates were recovered using the direct linear transformation method. Five native porcine aortic heart valves were imaged, and then mechanically stiffened using a 0.625% aqueous glutaraldehyde fixation for 24 hours while under 4 mmHg transvalvular pressure. The valve was then re-imaged under near-identical flow conditions. Area, dimensional, surface curvature, and measurements were performed. We observed that: 1) the native valve elongates in the radial direction by ~30% when fully opened, and exhibited small, high frequency shifts in shape; 2) the stiffened leaflet demonstrated a more stabile shape, as well as focal regions of prolonged, high curvature; 3) the stiffened leaflet opens and closes faster by ~10 ms compared to native leaflet; 4) for both native and stiffened states, the aortic valve opened from basal region leading to free edge 5) when closing, both the native and stiffened state valve close with both free edge and circumferential together. Clearly, valve leaflet undergo complex geometric changes during the cardiac cycle, and leaflet mechanical properties (mainly stiffness) have a profound affect on leaflet dynamic geometry.Overall, the primary findings of this study were the extensive radial distension in the native state, and that an increase in leaflet mechanical stiffness induces high bending areas. The physiological function and advantage of the radial distension is currently unknown, but may affect the local hemodynamic patterns during valve operations, especially in the sinus regions. Our findings for the stiffened tissue have implications to valve design. For example, the high bending observed in the stiffened state correlated with known locations of tissue deterioration previously reported in our laboratory. Thus, in order to minimize leaflet tissue damage, methods of chemical modification utilized in bioprosthetic heart valves that maintain leaflet flexibility are necessary to minimize the onset and progression of tissue damage.
The Effect of Some Risk Factors Participating in the Incidence of Chronic Renal Failure

The risk factors of chronic renal failure (CRF), including diabetes and hypertension, are described in present study. Also, study involved the effect of lifestyle factors of CRF, such as (age, gender, smoking, chronic disease and area of residence). Also the study included an estimation of urea and creatinine in serum blood of chronic renal failure (CRF) which treated with hemodialysis. The urea and creatinine were tested in the present study only for practical purposes because of a good standard for determining kidney functions. Blood samples of (30) patients with chronic renal failure from both sexes were compared with (50) samples taken from healthy individuals as a control group.The results demonstrated a significant elevation in blood urea and creatinine concentrations for patients with (CRF) in compared to control group. The hemodialysis process caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the concentration of urea and creatinine, the results also demonstrated that the some risk factors greatly affect on incidence of chronic renal failure.
Deflection Error Prediction and Minimization in 5-Axis Milling Operations of Thin-Walled Impeller Blades

To enhance accuracy as well as efficiency in process of machining operations, the virtual machining systems are developed. Free from surfaces of sophisticated parts such as turbine blades, airfoils, impellers, and aircraft components are produced by using the 5-axis CNC machine tools which can be analyzed and developed by using virtual machining systems. The machining operations of thin walled structures such as impeller blades are with deflection errors due to cutting forces and cutting temperatures. The flexibility of thin walled impeller blades can cause machining defects such as overcut or undercut. So, the desired accuracy in the machined impeller blades can be achieved by decreasing the deflection error in the machining operations. To minimize the deflection of machined impeller blades, optimized machining parameters can be obtained. An application of virtual machining system in predicting and minimizing the deflection errors of 5-Axis CNC machining operations of impeller blades is presented in the study to increase accuracy and efficiency in process of part production. The finite element analysis is applied to obtain the deflection error in machined impeller blades. In order to minimize the deflection error of impeller blades in the machining operations, the optimization methodology based on the Genetic algorithm is applied. The impeller is machined by using the 5-axis CNC machine tool in order to validate the developed virtual machining system in the study. Then, the machined impeller is measured by using the CMM machines to obtain the deflection error. As a result, the deflection error of in machining operations of impeller by using 5-Axis CNC machine tools can be decreased in order to enhance accuracy and efficiency of part manufacturing.
Impact of 0.7 Inch Diameter Strands on NU I-Girders

Since the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) allowed the use of 0.6 in. (15.2 mm) diameter strands at 2 in. (51 mm) minimum spacing in 1996, they have been increasingly used in the production of pretensioned concrete bridge girders. For several years, 0.7 in. (17.8 mm) diameter strands have been successfully used in cable bridges and for mining applications. Using these large diameter strands in pretensioned concrete girders at 2 in. (51 mm) spacing will result in approximately 35% increase in the prestressing force compared to the same number of 0.6 in. (15.2 mm) diameter strands, which will, consequently, allow for longer spans, shallower structural depth, and/or wider girder spacing. For the same prestressing force, using 0.7 in. (17.8 mm) diameter strands results in fewer strands to jack and release, fewer chucks, and higher flexural capacity due to lowering the center of gravity of the strands. In this report, the design and production challenges of using 0.7 in. (17.8 mm) diameter strands in pretensioned concrete bridge girders are discussed. Several experimental investigations were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of 0.7 in. (17.8 mm) diameter strands, address production concerns, and evaluate transfer length, development length, and end zone cracking associated with using such large diameter strands in pretensioned members. Specimens included pretensioned rectangular prisms, 24 in. deep T-girders, NU900, and NU1100 girders. Positive production experience and predictable test results indicated that 0.7 in. (17.8 mm) diameter strands can be used with no major changes to the current production practices and/or design criteria according to the current AASHTO LRFD specifications.