Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the ecological status of the rivers of the city of Douala from Macrophyte communities: Case of Kondi and Tongo Bassa

Observations made in rivers of Douala showed that aquatic ecosystems receive little attention in terms of their environmental monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological status of Kondi and Tongo Bassa rivers at from their communities of macrophytes. Specifically, it was question to evaluate the physicochemestry environment of these rivers as well as the diversity of the macrophyte species. Then, the physicochemestry parameters were measured (about 50cm deep) between 08am and 11am. Concerning characterization of macrophytes, 03 transects of 400m length each were materialized. Then, 201 quadrats of 1m2 were realised to make a specific and quantitative inventory. The listed species were assigned an Abundance-dominance coefficient. Then, the diversity and resemblance indices, the abundance index, the average recovery, the Shannon index and the Pielou equitability index, the Sorensen similarity coefficient, the Shannon index and the Pielou equitability index were analysed. According to results, ammonia, orthophosphates and nitrates particularly influence the distribution of macrophytes in the Kondi and the Tongo Bassa rivers. These parameters show that the water include high organic matter loads indicating organic pollution. In addition, the plant communities encountered in these rivers were relatively rich, diversify and distributed according to a decreasing gradation of mineralization and trophy. Also, the Pielou index in these rivers was generally below 0.55 reflecting poorly diversified waters. Finally, the structure of the macrophyte reveals that it was generally dominated by a few species, including the Poaceae particulary Pennisetum purpureum species, characteristic of eutrophic environments.
Gut Microbiota Influences Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Susceptibility

The gut microbiota has recently been associated with susceptibility/resistance to malaria in animal models and humans, yet the impact of the gut microbiota on the risk of a malaria attack remains to be assessed. This study aims at assessing the influence of the gut microbiota on malaria attacks and Plasmodium parasitæmia in children living in a malaria-endemic area in Mali. Three hundred healthy children were included in a 16-months cohort study in Bandiagara. Their gut bacteria and fungi community structures were characterised via 16S and ITS metabarcoding from stool samples collected at inclusion. Clinician team monitored the occurrence of malaria attacks. Asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium was assessed by qPCR. Over the 16-month period, 107 (36%) children experienced at least one occurrence of malaria attacks, and 82 (27%) at least one asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitæmia episode. A higher gut bacteria richness was independently associated with susceptibility to asymptomatic parasitæmia episodes and malaria attacks; while the Shannon H diversity and Chao-1 richness index of gut fungi community structure was relatively homogeneous in children who were and were not infected with P. falciparum. Using a linear discriminant effect size analysis of operational taxonomic units assigned to the species level, 17 bacteria, including Clostridiaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Senegalimassilia sp. , Atopobiaceae and Lachnosipraceae, and seven fungi, including Dioszegia fristigensis, Ogataea polymorpha and Cutaneotrichosporon cyanovorans, were associated with susceptibility; whereas eight bacteria, including, Bifidobacterium spp. , Weissela confusa and Peptostreptococcacea, and 3 fungi, Malassezia sp. , Niesslia exosporoides, and Didymocrea leucaenae, were associated with resistance to malaria. Moreover, 15 bacteria, including Coproccus eutactus, Terrisporobacter petrolearius, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Ruminococcaceae, and 13 fungi, including Wallemia mellicola, were associated with susceptibility, whereas 19 bacteria, including Bifidobacterium spp. , Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcacea, and Lactobacillus ruminis, and three fungi, including Cryptococcus neoformans, were associated with resistance to asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitæmia episodes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings that point the way towards strategies aiming to reduce the risk of malaria by modulating gut microbiota components in atrisk populations.
Destratification and Restratification of the Spring Surface Boundary Layer in a Subtropical Front

Destratification and restratification of a ~50-m thick surface boundary layer in the North Pacific Subtropical Front are examined during 24-31 March 2017 in the wake of a storm using a ~ 5-km array of 23 chi-augmented EM profiling floats (u, v, T, S, χT), as well as towyo and ADCP ship surveys, shipboard air-sea surface fluxes and parameterized shortwave penetrative radiation. During the first four days, nocturnal destabilizing buoyancy-fluxes mixed the surface layer over almost its full depth every night followed by restratification to N ~ 2 × 10–3 rad s–1 during daylight. Starting on 28 March, nocturnal destabilizing buoyancy-fluxes weakened because weakening winds reduced the latent heat-flux. Shallow mixing and stratified transition layers formed above ~20-m depth. The remnant layer in the lower part of the surface layer was insulated from destabilizing surface forcing. Penetrative radiation, turbulent buoyancy-fluxes and horizontal buoyancy advection all contribute to restratification of this remnant layer, closing the budget to within measurement uncertainties. Buoyancy advective restratification (slumping) plays a minor role. Before 28 March, measured advective restratification ∫(uzbx + vzby)dt is confined to daytime, is often destratifying and is much stronger than predictions of geostrophic adjustment, mixed-layer eddy instability and Ekman buoyancy-flux predictions because of storm-forced inertial shear. Starting on 28 March, the subinertial envelope of measured buoyancy advective restratification in the remnant layer resembles MLE parameterization predictions.
Playful mobilities in the Global South: A study of Pokémon Go play in Rio de Janeiro and Nairobi

Pokémon Go is the most popular location-based game worldwide. As a location-based game, Pokémon Go’s gameplay is connected to networked urban mobility. However, urban mobility differs significantly around the world. Large metropoles in South America and Africa, for example, experience ingrained social, cultural, and economic inequalities. With this in mind, we interviewed Pokémon Go players in two Global South cities, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Nairobi (Kenya), to understand how players navigate urban spaces not only based on gameplay but with broader concerns for safety. Our findings reveal that players negotiate their urban mobilities based on perceptions of risk and safety, choosing how to move around and avoiding areas known for violence and theft. These findings are relevant for understanding the social and political aspects of networked urban spaces as well as for investigating games as venues through which we can understand ordinary life, racial, gender, and socioeconomic inequalities.
Investigation of a Neutral “Tongue” Observed by GOLD During the Geomagnetic Storm on May 11, 2019

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observed a unique structure of thermospheric column density ratio of O to N2 (∑O/N2) during a geomagnetic storm on day of year (DOY) 130 (May 10) to DOY 132 in 2019. The percentage difference of ∑O/N2 between the storm time (DOY 131) and the quiet time (DOY 128) had a relatively enhanced ∑O/N2 region sandwiched by two depleted regions over North America and the Atlantic Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere. This enhanced ∑O/N2 region is called the neutral tongue here. The National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model also predicted a similar ∑O/N2 structure with the same spatial and temporal evolution as that seen in the GOLD observations on DOY 131. Model diagnostic analysis revealed that the neutral tongue was formed when the neutral wind in the region changed from mostly equatorward to poleward, which transported the ∑O/N2 rich air from lower latitudes into this longitude section, forming the neutral tongue. The neutral tongue separated a large depletion region formed earlier into two smaller depleted regions, one on each side of the neutral tongue.
Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro cytotoxic activity of novel polymeric triorganotin(IV) complexes of urocanic acid

Two novel triorganotin carboxylate complexes of the biologically active urocanic acid have been synthesized and characterized. Elemental analysis, melting point, spectroscopic techniques – IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR – mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction studies have been used for structural characterization. Crystal structures of the tin(IV) derivatives show that urocanic acid acts as a bridging bidentate ligand through its imidazole nitrogen atom and its carboxylic group, producing a polymeric one-dimensional chain. The molecular structures of the complexes, catena-poly-tri(n-butyl)tin(IV) 3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoate (1) and catena-poly-triphenyltin(IV) 3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoate (2), present a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal configuration. This is further confirmed by 119Sn NMR in the solid state. The tin(IV) derivatives form double-stranded ribbons via N―H…O―H bonds. Nevertheless, the compounds are essentially monomeric in solution, with a tetrahedral configuration as observed by 119Sn NMR in solution. The cytotoxic activity of the titled compounds has been tested against six human cell lines and the corresponding IC50 values are reported. Both tin(IV) compounds have a high to very high in vitro cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell lines K562, HCT-15 and MCF-7. Compound 1 is 86 times more active than cisplatin in the HTC-15 cell line. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of detoxified cottonseed protein isolate for application as food supplement

Abstract Cottonseed is potential candidate to act as an important protein source but presence of toxic compound gossypol with concentration more than 0.045% is main hurdle in utilization of this protein. Optimized lyophilized protein powder constitutes 5.05% moisture, 93.1% crude protein, 0.03% free gossypol, 0.27% total gossypol, and total bacterial count of 1295 cfu/g with no presence of pathogenic bacteria. Cottonseed may be utilized as an ingredient for food industry as a supplement in various foods since it has surpassed all critical quality standards except lysine content as mentioned in Food Safety and Standards Regulations, 2011 (FSSR, version IV, 2017).
The Influence of COVID-19 on Stress, Substance Use, and Mental Health Among Postsecondary Students

Emerging adults, including post-secondary education students, are disproportionately affected by the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The speed with which society moved in attempt to minimize the spread of the virus left many students with uncertainty and concern about their health, mental health, and academic futures. Considering that post-secondary students are a population at risk, it is important to determine how students respond in the face of the pandemic, and what coping mechanisms or supports will result in improved mental health outcomes. This knowledge will be helpful for post-secondary institutions to understand how COVID-19 has influenced the health and well-being of their students, and may facilitate the implementation of strategies to support their students. This narrative review explores evidence on how COVID-19 has impacted students with the overall goal to provide a set of recommendations to post-secondary institutions to help meet the evolving needs of this population.
What Is the Estimated COVID-19 Reproduction Number and the Proportion of the Population That Needs to Be Immunized to Achieve Herd Immunity in Malaysia? A Mathematical Epidemiology Synthesis

We aimed to determine Malaysia’s COVID-19 reproduction number and herd immunity threshold through a mathematical epidemiology synthesis. Using time-series incidence data, the time-dependent reproduction number (Rt) was yielded over time during the COVID-19 containment measures in Malaysia. The value of Rt at the beginning of the epidemic and prior to any interventions in place was used to determine the proportion of the population that needs to be immunized to achieve herd immunity. Rt was strongly influenced by interventions being put in place. We established that at least 74% of the Malaysian population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity against COVID-19. This threshold estimate is somewhat influenced by the availability of an efficacious vaccine. A vaccine with 95% efficacy would approximately synthesize a herd immunity threshold of 78%. We conclude that Rt is a valid estimator to determine the effectiveness of control measures and a parameter of use to synthesize herd immunity thresholds in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
The Effect of Family Financial Socialization Levels on Money Attitudes of University Students

Arastirmanin amaci, universite ogrencilerinin parayla olan iliskilerini; yalnizca ailelerindeki finansal sosyallesme duzeyleri acisindan degil, ayni zamanda demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik ozellikleri acisindan acikca ortaya koymaktir. Bunun disinda, universite ogrencilerinin aile finansal sosyallesme duzeylerini olcmek icin “finansal deneyim ve ogrenme” ile “para yonetimi becerilerinden” olusan iki boyutlu yeni bir olcek gelistirilmistir. Bu arastirma, ailede yaygin egitimin gelistirilmesi yoluyla ebeveynler ve ogrenciler arasinda olumlu finansal davranislar yaratma olasiliginin yuksek olmasi sebebiyle onem arz etmektedir. Ayrica, arastirma, egitim kurumlarinda, ozellikle para tutumlari ve finansal sosyallesme konularinda yeni finansal egitim programlari olusturmak icin buyuk olasilikla faydali olacaktir. Neden-sonuc iliskilerine gelince, ogrencilerin finansal deneyimleri ve ogrenmeleri arttikca birikim ve finansal okuryazarlik konusundaki endiselerinin azaldigi tespit edilmistir. Bu sonuca ilave olarak, ogrencilerin para yonetimi becerilerinin artmasiyla dikkatli ve sorumlu tutumlarinin arttigi gorulmustur. Son olarak, aile finansal sosyallesmesi ile demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik ozellikler arasinda ve ayrica parasal tutumlar ile demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik ozellikler arasinda onemli farkliliklar tespit edilmistir.
Influence of salinity on nursery-phase whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in a biofloc system

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of salinity on the survival rate and growth of whiteleg shrimp postlarvae reared using biofloc technology. The experiment included four treatments at different salinities: 10‰, 15‰, 20‰, and 25‰. Each treatment consisted of three replicates. Shrimps were reared using biofloc technology with a C/N ratio of 15:1 and additional sugar treatment. Shrimps were cultured in 500 L-tanks with a stocking density of 2,000 inds/m3. The initial weight of shrimp was 0.006 g. After 30 days of rearing, the growth rates of shrimp differed significantly among treatments (P < 0.05). The results showed that the length (4.54 ± 0.06 cm), weight (0.79 ± 0.04 g), and survival rate (91.5 ± 1.0%) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for the shrimp reared in the treatment salinity of 15‰ compared to the other treatments. Therefore, rearing whiteleg shrimp at a salinity of 15‰ using biofloc technology is appropriate.
Fulvic acid – a small but powerful natural substance

Humic substances are defined as the result of the decomposition of any organic matter, and they consist mainly of humin, humic, and fulvic acids. Compared to humin, humic acids and fulvic acid (FA) are the most explored compounds. However, FAs are less studied than humic acids because of the usually small residual quantities. Considering that its potential for bioactivity is stronger than that of humic acids, the current review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of FA application for crops and soils and its potential as an immuno-modulator for humans. The wide application of FA is challenged by two main factors affecting the quality and the effectiveness, i.e., the type of raw material and extraction method. Lignite, low-energy coal, is the most common material for FA production besides bog, peat, and compost. Fulvic acid extraction is done through several methods, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), alkaline (NaOH/KOH), and/or water. The latest modified method shows that the combination of H 2 O 2 with microwave power can recover a considerable amount of FA. However, it is still difficult to apply this method for industrial scale. Due to highly specified characteristics, FA showed a great potential to improve crop performances and soil health, making it strategic for supporting sustainable agriculture in the future through biotic and abiotic stress alleviations and sustainable yield achievement, including various plantation crops and biotechnological approach. For medicinal purposes, some studies have shown highly promising results, especially as an immuno-modulator and in combating neurodegenerative disorders as well as for cancer therapy and health food fortification, which might be in line with the new paradigm so-called One Health approach. The future market of FA is also estimated to grow in a very attractive economic value. However, as data are still limited, the wide range of potential use should encourage concerted and wide research and product development efforts to achieve sustainable agriculture and human health.
Brine chemistry matters: Isolation by environment and by distance explain population genetic structure of
 Artemia franciscana
 in saline lakes

The American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana is important in aquaculture and has become invasive in other continents, aided by dispersal via waterbirds. However, little is known about processes underlying its genetic diversity and population structure in its natural habitat in North America. These processes, including dispersal and local adaptation, are pivotal drivers of species distribution and community structure, and therefore central to aquatic biodiversity. We studied 15 populations in natural saline lakes of Saskatchewan, Canada to determine the influence of variation in geological history, water chemistry, lake size, and location. We aimed to determine the relative importance of isolation by distance and isolation by environment using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (CO1) as a mitochondrial marker and five nuclear microsatellite markers. Geographic patterns for CO1 and microsatellites differed, with lakes clustering in different groups based on genetic distances according to the marker used. CO1 better indicated historical colonisation processes, suggesting potential routes of initial colonisation when lakes were formed after deglaciation 11,000–15,000 years ago. Differentiation between lakes based on nuclear markers was strongly related to variation in hydrochemistry, suggested by distance-based redundancy analysis, but there was no indication of isolation by distance. The ratio between alkalinity and the sum of Ca and Mg concentrations was particularly important, although a lake with a high Cl concentration caused by potash mining also had a unique Artemia population. Geochemistry is important in the adaptive radiation of anostracan crustaceans. Our study suggests that it also underlies intraspecific genetic variation between populations, promoting isolation by environment, and making dispersal ineffective when cysts are moved by birds between lakes with different hydrochemistry. ​
Profile of geographical variation in marginal land and its relationship with the fruit tree species richness in Jombang District, Indonesia

Abstract. Zulfikar, Arisoesilaningsih E, Indriyani S, Fernandes AAR. 2021. Profile of geographical variation in marginal land and its relationship with the fruit tree species richness in Jombang District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3315-3325. The purpose of this study was to determine the sites of fruit tree species richness, in order to analyze the relationship between the locations with fruit tree diversity, and geographical variations, towards the success of marginal land conservation in Jombang Regency. The study area covered four districts, and was divided into 11 sites with different slopes and altitudes. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the R program. The results showed that the structure and composition of fruit trees were discovered to be 21 species from 14 families. The uniqueness of the fruit trees was shown in Tamarindus indica and Cocos nucifera, which were observed as rare plants on slopes with high and low altitudes, respectively. The results of the geographical variation analysis also showed that the slope and elevation with values of 0.5889 and 0.5077, respectively, were significantly correlated with the site of fruit plant species richness at the (? ) 0.05 level, as the response formed was not linear for the three geographical diversities studied. Also, the model built between site, slope, and elevation towards the fruit tree species richness was acceptable, due to the fact that the value (Pr> F) = 0.004 was very significant at the (? ) 0.001 level.
Consumptionscape of Turkish Feminist Mothers: Negotiations between Motherhood, Consumer Culture and Feminist Ideologies

The present study analyzes consumption practices of feminist mothers and how they negotiate tensions arising from the clash of their multiple identities and marketplace behaviors. Having a broad research focus, this study aims to contribute to the epistemic terrain of motherhood and consumption and provide new theoretical explanations by revealing the extent of negotiations at the crossing axes of consumer, feminist and mother roles. The findings reveal that feminist mothers negotiate different cognitions, practices and narratives of identity, and develop a practical logic based on the interplay between authentic and mass-produced, natural and artificial, branded and generic, traditional and modern, industrial and rural, over-consumption and needs-satisfaction without necessarily privileging one over the other. The present study fills a theoretical gap by revealing how their practices incorporate a polysemous quality based on their intertwined roles and discourses.
A unified general type‐2 fuzzy PID controller and its comparative with type‐1 and interval type‐2 fuzzy PID controller

For the type reduction of general type‐2 fuzzy sets based on α‐plane representation was converted to type reduction of several interval type‐2 fuzzy sets, so it was time consuming in real applications. In this paper, a unified general type‐2 fuzzy PID (UGT2‐FPID) controller using the upper and lower bounds of one α‐plane is proposed, which has higher real time. The UGT2‐FPID controller contains another two adjust parameters, and the analytical structure of UGT2‐FPID controller is obtained by adapting input combination method. Furthermore, this paper discusses the parameter adjustment methods to achieve better controlling effects by the mathematical expressions of UGT2‐FPID controller. The robustness and effectiveness of proposed general type‐2 fuzzy PID controller are tested by two production process objects. The simulation results show that the controlling effects of proposed general type‐2 fuzzy PID controller are better than PID, type‐1 fuzzy PID, and interval type‐2 fuzzy PID controller even if there are exit uncertainties, like controlled object structure changing, controller disturbance, or output noise.