Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Autof MS1000 mass spectrometer in the identi�cation of clinical isolates

Background: To evaluate the accuracy and performance of the Autof MS1000 mass spectrometer in bacteria and yeast identi�cation, 2,342 isolates were obtained from microbial cultures of clinical specimens (e.g. blood, cerebrospinal �uid, respiratory tract samples, lumbar puncture �uid, wound samples, stool, and urine) collected in 2019 in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. Repetitive strains from the same patient were excluded. We tested the Autof MS1000 and Bruker Biotyper mass spectrometry systems and the classical biochemical identi�cation system VITEK 2/API 20C AUX. Inconsistencies in strain identi�cation among the three systems were identi�ed by 16S rDNA and gene sequencing. Results: At the species level, the Autof MS1000 and Bruker Biotyper systems had isolate identi�cation accuracies of 98.9% and 98.5%, respectively. At the genus level, the Autof MS1000 and Bruker Biotyper systems were 99.7% and 99.4% accurate, respectively. The instruments did not signi�cantly differ in identi�cation accuracy at either taxonomic level. The frequencies of unreliable identi�cation were 1.1% (26/2,342) for the Autof MS1000 and 1.5% (34/2,342) for the Bruker Biotyper. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the coincidence rate of the Autof MS1000 mass spectrometer in the identi�cation of �ve types of bacteria was >93%, the identi�cation error rate was <3%, and the no identi�cation rate was 0. This indicates that the Autof MS1000 system is acceptable for identi�cation. Conclusions: The Autof MS1000 mass spectrometer can be utilised to identify clinical isolates. However, an upgradation of the database is recommended to correctly identify rare strains.
Combined study of the ground and unoccupied electronic states of graphite by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

Both the unoccupied and ground electronic states of graphite have been studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. Electron energy-loss near-edge structures of the K-edge of carbon have been investigated in detail for scattering angles from 0 to 2.8 mrad. The π* and σ* components were separated. The angular and energy dependences of the π* and σ* structures were in fair agreement with theory. Electron energy loss Compton spectra of graphite were recorded at scattering angles from 45 to 68 mrad. One Compton scattering spectrum was obtained in 1 min compared with several hours or days using photons. The contributions of core electrons were calculated by the exact Hartree-Slater method in the Compton scattering region. The electron Compton profile for graphite is in good agreement with other conventional Compton profile measurements, as well as with theory, thus establishing the validity of the technique.
Research on effectiveness of hyperspectral data on identifying rice of different genotypes

The objective of this study is to validate the effectiveness of hyperspectral data and select hyperspectral variables to indicate differences between the non-transgenic parent and the progenies of transgenic rice regardless of gene expression. Statistically significant differences were observed in the range 510–735 nm. More differences could be observed from first-order derivative than from the original reflectance spectra. Spectral position- and index-based variables were calculated to find out the potential indicators. Both the maximum value of first-order derivative and the sum of first-order derivative in the ranges 490–530 and 560–650 nm, photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index (MCARI) were different between parent group and progeny groups of transgenic rice.
The Number of k-Sums Modulo k

Abstract Let a1, …, ar be a sequence of elements of Z k, the integers modulo k. Calling the sum of k terms of the sequence a k-sum, how small can the set of k-sums be? Our aim in this paper is to show that if 0 is not a k-sum then there are at least r−k+1 k-sums. This result, which is best possible, extends the Erdos–Ginzburg–Ziv theorem, which states that if r=2k−1 then 0 is a k-sum. We also show that the same result holds in any abelian group of order k, and make some related conjectures.
A new interpretation of the alpha effect

In a magnetized plasma the alpha effect represents a turbulently generated emf directed along the mean magnetic field. This emf is central to the understanding of turbulent generation of large‐scale magnetic fields. The alpha effect is reevaluated in terms of ensemble‐averaged properties of the magnetic fluctuation spectrum. The results indicate that it is current helicity as opposed to kinetic helicity that is required to produce an alpha effect.
Physical modeling of passive polarimetric microwave observations of the atmosphere with respect to the third Stokes parameter

Measurements of upwelling and downwelling rain brightness temperatures show significant differences between horizontal and vertical polarization, which depend on wavelength and rain rate. These measurements are related to the first and second Stokes parameter. Also, the third Stokes parameter of atmospheric microwave emission will have measurable values under certain conditions. A polarimetric model for the description of the microwave emission and scattering by hydrometeors, including all four Stokes parameters, is presented. This model is applied to the scenario of plane layers of ice crystals and rain above a rough surface. The magnitudes of the third Stokes parameter for microwave emission from oriented nonspherical rain drops and for scattering by ice crystals are estimated. It is shown that the third Stokes parameter for rain is dominated by the first azimuthal harmonic of the emission vector. Finally, an algorithm for the computation of polarized brightness temperatures emanating from cylindrical rain cells above a surface is developed.
Surface-plasmon dispersion and multipole surface plasmons in Al(111)

We have measured the collective electronic excitations of the Al(111) surface by means of angle-resolved high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Loss spectra reveal both the monopole and the multipole surface plasmons. The measured dispersion of the monopole surface plasmon is negative, as predicted by calculations of the dynamic response of the electron at the surface of a free-electron-like sample. The aluminum multipole surface plasmon, which was not detected in previous electron-energy-loss investigations, is clearly observed in present spectra.
DIFFUSIVE PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN SHOCKED, VISCOUS ACCRETION DISKS: GREEN'S FUNCTION ENERGY DISTRIBUTION

The acceleration of relativistic particles in a viscous accretion disk containing a standing shock is investigated as a possible explanation for the energetic outflows observed around radio-loud black holes. The energy/space distribution of the accelerated particles is computed by solving a transport equation that includes the effects of first-order Fermi acceleration, bulk advection, spatial diffusion, and particle escape. The velocity profile of the accreting gas is described using a model for shocked viscous disks recently developed by the authors, and the corresponding Green's function distribution for the accelerated particles in the disk and the outflow is obtained using a classical method based on eigenfunction analysis. The accretion-driven, diffusive shock acceleration scenario explored here is conceptually similar to the standard model for the acceleration of cosmic rays at supernova-driven shocks. However, in the disk application, the distribution of the accelerated particles is much harder than would be expected for a plane-parallel shock with the same compression ratio. Hence the disk environment plays a key role in enhancing the efficiency of the shock acceleration process. The presence of the shock helps to stabilize the disk by reducing the Bernoulli parameter, while channeling the excess binding energy into the escaping relativistic particles. In applications to M87 and Sgr A*, we find that the kinetic power in the jet is , and the outflowing relativistic particles have a mean energy ∼300 times larger than that of the thermal gas in the disk at the shock radius. Our results suggest that a standing shock may be an essential ingredient in accretion onto underfed black holes, helping to resolve the long-standing problem of the stability of advection-dominated accretion disks.
Structure of the tenfold d-Al-Ni-Co quasicrystal surface

The structure of the tenfold surface of decagonal Al-Ni-Co was studied using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The surface region is a relaxed truncated bulk structure, having the same composition as the bulk. The outermost layer spacing is contracted by 10% relative to the bulk interlayer spacing, while the next layer spacing is expanded by 5%. A small degree of intralayer rumpling was observed within each layer. There is a one-to-one correspondence between protrusions observed in the STM images and a subset of atoms in the model structure, indicating that in-plane reconstruction is minimal.
Eddy Formation in an Eccentric Annular Domain

The slow motion of a viscous incompressible fluid in the space bounded by two long parallel non‐concentric circular cylindrical solid surfaces is studied. The outer one is stationary while the inner one rotates steadily. Both analysis and experiment show that when the ratio of eccentricity to average gap width is sufficiently large an eddy is formed. In such case part of the fluid rotates around the inner surface. The rest rotates in the opposite direction around a line parallel to the axes. This phenomenon has an interesting analogy in the theory of plates' deflection.
Effect of alloy composition on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the A1 to L10 transformation in FePt, FeNiPt, and FeCuPt films

Differential scanning calorimetry is used to investigate the A1 to L10 ordering transformation in binary FePt films with compositions in the range of 39.3−55.3 at. % Pt and ternary FePt-based films with additions of Cu up to 20 at. % and Ni up to 25 at. % for a range of Fe/Pt ratios. For FePt and FeCuPt, these are extensions of previously studied ranges [K. Barmak, J. Kim, D. C. Berry, W. N. Hanani, K. Wierman, E. B. Svedberg, and J. K. Howard, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 024902 (2005); D. C. Berry, J. Kim, K. Barmak, K. Wierman, E. B. Svedberg, and J. K. Howard, Scr. Mater. 53, 423 (2005)]. Parameters including the A1 and L10 phase Curie temperatures, the kinetic ordering temperature, the activation energy, and the transformation enthalpy are reported. For FePt, the L10 Curie temperature reaches a maximum of 457 °C near 45 at. % Pt. In contrast, the A1 Curie temperature has an essentially constant value of 300 °C across the full composition. Both the kinetic ordering temperature and activation energy show a minim.
Energy moments in time and frequency for two-scale difference equation solutions and wavelets

This paper indicates how to find energy moments in direct and Fourier space of a solution to the functional equation $u(x) = \sum_{k = 0}^{N - 1} {2c_k u(2x - k)} $ and shows that the Sobolev regularity of u is determined by the spectral radius of a matrix defined from the coefficients $(c_k )$. The results are applied to compactly supported orthonormal wavelets.
Radio emission from pre-main-sequence stars in Corona Australis

The central region of the Corona Australis molecular cloud surrounding the stars R and TY CrA has been studied using the VLA at 6 cm. Eleven radio sources are detected including five associated with pre-main-sequence objects. The most striking is associated with the near-IR source IRS 7 and shows a complex structure comprising two strong pointlike sources positioned either side of the deeply embedded IR source and two extended lobes of radio emission. The IRS 7 radio source appears to be similar to that associated with Lynds 1551 IRS 5 but has a considerably larger angular size. The other detected sources include the massive pre-main-sequence star TY CrA, the near-IR sources IRS 1 and IRS 5, and the Herbig-Haro object HH 101. The stars R and T CrA were not detected. 35 references.
Effect of octadecylamine-functionalised SWCNTs on the elastic constants and electro-optic response of a liquid crystal

For efficient and high-performance liquid crystal (LC) devices, the physical properties of the LC materials can be suitably altered by incorporating nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and quantum dots. In the present work, the effect of incorporation of octadecylamine-functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes (ODA-SWCNT) in a LC exhibiting nematic and smectic phases on its physical properties is investigated. The electro-optic threshold voltage in the nematic phase of ODA-SWCNT nanocomposite of LC is enhanced as compared to that of pure LC. The dielectric anisotropy as a function of reduced temperature decreases with an increase in the concentration of ODA-SWCNT. The ratio of bend to splay elastic constants of ODA-SWCNT nanocomposite of LC is enhanced considerably as compared to that of pure LC at low temperature. The electro-optic response rise time decreased and decay time increased at higher concentrations of ODA-SWCNT. The temperature range of smectic phase is increased with an increase in the concentration of ODA-SWCNT. At the lower concentration of ODA-SWCNTs (0.05 wt%), the anchoring of the nanotubes at the LC–electrode interface is favoured. At higher concentration of the ODA-SWCNTs, in addition to the anchoring at the interface, the nanotubes that are dispersed in the LC medium increases the orientational ordering.
About weak‐strong uniqueness for the 3D incompressible Navier‐Stokes system

This article studies the problem of L2 stability and weak‐strong uniqueness of solutions of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes on the whole space \input amssym ${\Bbb S}^3$ constructed by Kato's approach in spaces coming from Littlewood‐Paley theory and using the L1 smoothing effect for the heat flow. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERIODIC PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS INDUCED BY FLOW OVER A CAVITY

Abstract Subsonic flows over Helmholtz resonators often cause strong periodic pressure fluctuations inside the resonators over a range of outer flow velocities. The flow-excitation mechanism is known to be governed by both the shedding of discrete vortices within the shear layer over the orifice and the acoustic response of the cavity. This self-sustained oscillation phenomenon is often analyzed by using a feedback loop model where the flow excitation and the acoustic response of the resonator are approximately modelled as a forward gain function and as a backward gain function respectively. In the present work, a similar approach was followed and a new forward gain function was derived based on the concept of “vortex sound” to model the flow excitation. The formulation combined this forward gain function with a backward gain function from previous work, within the framework of the feedback loop analysis. The approximate method allowed the frequency and the relative amplitude of the cavity pressure fluctuations to be predicted for a range of flow velocities. In addition, the extended Nyquist stability criterion was used to estimate the onset and the termination velocities of the first two modes of the shear layer flow oscillations. Experimental data were obtained using a rigid-walled cavity in a low-speed wind tunnel. The results showed that the model predictions were in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data.
Theoretical pulsation of metallic-line stars

The linear-theory radial-pulsation stability of low-helium delta Scuti variable models (1.0--2.5 Msun) has been investigated to see if metallicism and pulsation can occur simultaneously. Metallicism, which occurs in slowly rotating stars after the gravitational settling of He and the loss of the He II convection zone and its deep mixing for Y< or approx. =0.1, can then be established rapidly compared with the evolution time scale. Pulsation can still occur with driving due to the residual helium and the enhanced hydrogen. With the reduced helium giving no connection zone, the pulsation instability strip, whose blue and edges are estimated in this paoer, is about half as wide as with a normal helium abundance. Zero helium in the surface driving regions, however, produces blue edges so red that probably no instability strip exists at all. The red edge, predicted theoretically on the basis of the importance of convection in the outer zone, agrees well with the observational one. Cool, low-helium and metallic-line stars are then predicted to pulsate in a 200--500 K wide strip that is widest between the main-sequence luminosity of 5 Lsun and 15 Lsun. This strip reasonably includes the observed pulsating delta Del and mild Am stars, butmore » there may be conflicts. Since blue edges for varying ionization-zone helium content occur across the entire instability strip, bluer first and higher overtone pulsations are also predicted everywhere from less than 7000 K to over 8000 K, the redder ones probably showing metallicism. « less
First-order Fermi particle acceleration by relativistic shocks

Monte Carlo calculations of test particle spectra and acceleration times are presented from first-order Fermi particle acceleration for parallel shocks with arbitrary flow velocities and compression ratios r up to seven, shock velocities u1 up to 0.98c, and injection energies ranging from thermal to highly superthermal. Far above the injection energy, the spectra are well-approximated by a power law and the spectra are always harder than for nonrelativistic shocks. Approximate analytic expression are given for the spectral slope as a function of u1 and r. The acceleration time as a function of particle energy is less than for nonrelativistic shocks by a factor that increases with u1 and is about three for u1 = 0.98c. It is confirmed that the spectrum for pitch-angle diffusion is considerably steeper than for large-angle scattering for the same shock parameters. 69 refs.
Teugels' Renewal Theorem and Stable Laws

Let $\{S_n\}, n = 1,2, \cdots$ denote the partial sums of a sequence of independent, identically distributed nonnegative random variables with common distribution function $F$ having finite mean $\mu$, and let $H(t) = \sum^\infty_{n=1} P(S_n \leqq t)$. Further, let $F$ be nonarithmetic. It is shown in this paper that as $t \rightarrow \infty H(t) - t/\mu$ is regularly varying if and only if $F$ belongs to the domain of attraction of a stable law with exponent $\alpha, 1 < \alpha \leqq 2$.
Tunable terahertz wave generation in the 3- to 7-THz region from GaP

Following the generation of tunable terahertz waves from GaP in the 0.5- to 3-THz region, we extended the frequency region up to 7 THz, using an optical parametric oscillator and a YAG laser (1.064 μm). The tuning angle θin increased superlinearly in the 3- to 7-THz region, so that the total reflection took place at 5 THz, which was avoided by rotating the crystal relative to the incident optic axis. As a result, terahertz output peak powers of 100 mW at up to 5.6 THz and 3 mW at 7 THz were obtained, at pump and signal energies of 3 mJ, respectively.
Electronic properties of highly-doped and compensated solar-grade silicon wafers and solar cells

Compensation effects are intensively studied on two highly doped ingots grown from solar-grade silicon feedstocks purified using metallurgical routes, through a comparison of the electrical properties at iso-carrier densities. Working at given carrier densities enables a clearer extraction of the compensation effects, at the wafer and solar cell levels. At the wafer level, the majority carrier mobility and the carrier lifetime are investigated. Regarding the mobilities, it was found that current models may underestimate the amount of incomplete ionization of boron leading to underestimated mobilities. In addition, the majority carrier mobility was found to be strongly affected at high compensation level. Regarding the carrier lifetimes, our results show that after a phosphorus diffusion step, dopants alone — and especially boron — can limit the lifetime in highly doped solar-grade silicon. At the cell level, I-V characteristics under standard illumination were studied. In particular, the observed reductio.
ON CONVEX POLYHEDRA IN LOBAČEVSKIĬ SPACES

This paper is concerned with the investigation of properties of convex polyhedra in Lobacevskiĭ spaces; it gives a complete description of convex bounded polyhedra with dihedral angles not exceeding 90, in a three-dimensional Lobacevskiĭ space. This in turn permits a description of the discrete groups generated by reflections acting in the three-dimensional Lobacevskiĭ space with a compact fundamental region.6 figures; bibliography: 6 items.
Monitoring crack growth through change of modal parameters

Modal analysis was performed on a cantilever plate with a small crack, using finite element analysis. Modal parameters such as natural frequencies, magnitude of frequency response functions, displacement mode shapes and strain mode shapes were calculated against cracking in the plate. It was found that the surface crack in the structure will affect most of the modal parameters, such as the natural frequencies of the structure, amplitudes of the response and mode shapes. Some of the most sensitive parameters are the difference of the strain mode shapes and the local strain frequency response functions. By monitoring the changes in the local strain frequency response functions and the difference between the strain mode shapes, the location and severity of the crack that occurs in the structure can be determined. It was also observed from other parallel studies that the use of a proper and careful experimental procedure would eliminate the noise problems always present in strain gauge instrumentation.
Dual Pairs inPin(p, q) and Howe Correspondences for the Spin Representation

In this paper we obtain examples of dual pairs in the groupPin(V ⊗ W) by considering the inverse images of the subgroupsO(V) ⊗ IdWandIdV ⊗ O(W) under the double covering map π:Pin(V ⊗ W) → O(V ⊗ W). The main technical results are the definition of the group of determinant graded double covers ofO(V) and the fact that the mapW ↦ π − 1(O(V) ⊗ IdW) defines a homomorphism from the Witt group to this group when the ground fieldksatisfiesk*/(k*)2 ≅ Z2and −1 is not a square ink. We also show that the spin representation ofPin(V ⊗ W) sets up Howe correspondences for each of these dual pairs whenk = R.
Cyclic phase change with fluid flow

Cyclic phase change involves the successive freezing and melting of a region driven by a boundary temperature that cycles above and below the solid/liquid phase change temperature. In this paper, a recently proposed fixed grid phase change enthalpy method is modified and applied to cyclic solid/liquid phase change problems. The basic approach is demonstrated on application to a one‐dimensional, heat conduction controlled phase change. Then the method is used to investigate a cyclic phase change problem that involves fluid flow. The interaction of the melting and freezing with the phase change leads to some interesting predictions for the location and shape of the solid/liquid interface. The results also indicate that melting cycles are more effective than freezing cycles.
Noise produced by a sawtooth trailing edge

An analysis is made of the noise produced by low Mach number turbulent flow over the serrated edge of a flat plate airfoil at zero angle of attack. The serrations are of sawtooth profile of wavelength λ and root‐to‐tip distance 2h. At frequencies ω satisfying ωh/U≫1 (where U is the velocity of the main stream) it is predicted that the intensity of the radiation is reduced relative to that produced by the same flow over an unserrated edge by at least 10×log[1+(4h/λ)2] dB. Predictions are contrasted with analogous results derived [M. S. Howe, J. Fluids Struct. 5, 33–45 (1991)] for smoothly varying serrations of sinusoidal profile, for which it was concluded that attenuations of order 10×log(6h/λ) dB are possible.