Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topological structure of the sum of two homogeneous Cantor sets

Abstract We show that in the context of homogeneous Cantor sets, there are generically five possible (open and dense) structures for their arithmetic sum: a Cantor set, an L, R, M-Cantorval and a finite union of closed intervals. The dense case has been dealt with previously. In this paper, we explicitly present pairs of this space which have stable intersection, while not satisfying the generalized thickness test. Also, all the pairs of middle homogeneous Cantor sets whose arithmetic sum is a closed interval are identified.
Distinctive Toll-like Receptors Gene Expression and Glial Response in Different Brain Regions of Natural Scrapie

Prion diseases are chronic and fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of disease-specific prion protein (PrPSc), spongiform changes, neuronal loss, and gliosis. Growing evidence shows that the neuroinflammatory response is a key component of prion diseases and contributes to neurodegeneration. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been proposed as important mediators of innate immune responses triggered in the central nervous system in other human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, little is known about the role of TLRs in prion diseases, and their involvement in the neuropathology of natural scrapie has not been studied. We assessed the gene expression of ovine TLRs in four anatomically distinct brain regions in natural scrapie-infected sheep and evaluated the possible correlations between gene expression and the pathological hallmarks of prion disease. We observed significant changes in TLR expression in scrapie-infected sheep that correlate with the degree of spongiosis, PrPSc deposition, and gliosis in each of the regions studied. Remarkably, TLR4 was the only gene upregulated in all regions, regardless of the severity of neuropathology. In the hippocampus, we observed milder neuropathology associated with a distinct TLR gene expression profile and the presence of a peculiar microglial morphology, called rod microglia, described here for the first time in the brain of scrapie-infected sheep. The concurrence of these features suggests partial neuroprotection of the hippocampus. Finally, a comparison of the findings in naturallyinfected sheep versus an ovinized mouse model (tg338 mice) revealed distinct patterns of TLRgene expression.
Effect of hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel usage on performance, emissions and diesel combustion in diesel engines

Diesel engines are inevitable parts of our daily life and will be in the future. Expensive after-treatment technologies to fulfil normative legislations about the harmful tail-pipe emissions and fuel price increase in recent years created expectations from researchers for alternative fuel applications on diesel engines. This study investigates hydrogen as additive fuel in diesel engines. Hydrogen was introduced into intake manifold using gas injectors as additive fuel in gaseous form and also diesel fuel was injected into cylinder by diesel injector and used as igniter. Energy content of introduced hydrogen was set to 0%, 25% and 50% of total fuel energy, where the 0% references neat diesel operation without hydrogen injection. Test conditions were set to full load at 750, 900, 1100, 1400, 1750 and finally 2100 r/min engine speed. Variation in engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics with hydrogen addition was investigated. Hydrogen introduction into the engine by 25% and 50% of total charge energy reveals significant decrease in smoke emissions while dramatic increase in nitrogen oxides. With increasing hydrogen content, a slight rise is observed in total unburned hydrocarbons although CO2 and CO gaseous emissions reduced considerably. Maximum in-cylinder gas pressure and rate of heat release peak values raised with hydrogen fraction.
Short and oral antimicrobial therapy for diabetic foot infection: a narrative review of current knowledge

Abstract Diabetic foot infection is a frequent complication in long-standing diabetes mellitus. For antimicrobial therapy of this infection, both the optimal duration and the route of administration are often based more on expert opinion than on published evidence. We reviewed the scientific literature, specifically seeking prospective trials, and aimed at addressing two clinical issues: (1) shortening the currently recommended antibiotic duration and (2) using oral (rather than parenteral) therapy, especially after the patient has undergone debridement and revascularization. We also reviewed some older key articles that are critical to our understanding of the treatment of these infections, particularly with respect to diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Our conclusion is that the maximum duration of antibiotic therapy for osteomyelitis should be no more than to 4–6 weeks and might even be shorter in selected cases. In the future, in addition to conducting randomized trials and propagating national and international guidance, we should also explore innovative strategies, such as intraosseous antibiotic agents and bacteriophages.
New Insights on Phytoplankton Communities as a Tool for the Sustainable Management of the Musselculture in a Mediterranean Coastal Site

A simulation of phytoplankton dynamics in the coastal shellfish farming site of Mar Piccolo in Taranto (Ionian, Mediterranean Sea) is here reported. This simulation is an element of a greater ecological model produced taking into account the System Approach Framework. The model represents a refinement of a previous phytoplankton tool aimed to better understand the complex mosaic of the ecosystem functioning by providing additional information to support mussel farming. In particular, throughout the years the increase of water temperature and intensive musselculture caused a phytoplankton size and biomass reduction. Results of our simulation evidenced that the phytoplankton tool reproduced the size-fractions (micro-, nano- and picophytoplankton) biomass growth and the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) grazing with a good level of performance. This newly calibrated phytoplankton model aims to provide new insights on modelling scenarios for the sustainable production of mussels.
DETERMINING FACTORS OF ISLAMIC BANK CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN INDONESIA

In the capital structure there are several determinants to determine the capital structure, these determinants will later be used as a consideration in determining the capital structure. This research will analyze the factors that determine the capital structure of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data used for this research are in the period 2015.1-2019.4. The data used is data from the Indonesian Islamic Commercial Bank. For analysis data processing using panel data regression with the best model selection. The data variable consists of 2 variables, namely dependent and independent. The dependent variable in this study is the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). While the independent variables in this study are Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Non-Performing Financing (NPF) and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR). From the results of the analysis for this study, it is known that the Return On Assets (ROA) variable has a positive and significant effect on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) variable. For variables that have a negative and significant effect on the CAR variable are the Return On Equity (ROE) and Non-Perfoming Financing (NPF) variables. Whereas the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) variable has a positive and insignificant effect on Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) variable.
Effects of Cement Additions on Self-compacting Concrete Durability Indicators

This study highlights the effect of initial curing time on sustainability indicators such as sorptivity (S), water absorption (WA) and total porosity (P) of self- compacting concretes (SCC) containing the blended cement such as limestone cement (CEMIIA-L42.5) and pozzolanic cement (CEMII-A-P42.5). The durability test (acid and sulfate attack) of SCCs is also studied in this researcher. For this purpose, three water/binder (W/B) ratios were used, Six SCC mixtures were prepared and tested in the fresh state (slump follow, flow time, J-Ring, L-Box, V-Funnel and sieve segregation), the main properties in the hardened state compressive strength (Sc), S, WA and P of the SCC mixtures were studied and evaluated each in its different curing. Furthermore, the results of the Sc and transfer properties are globally significantly affected by the hot climate during the design and maturation phase. On the other hand, the values of S to SCC for pozzolanic cement are lower compared to limestone cement and this regardless of W/B ratio and the cure mode. The difference between the mixtures SCC-L32, SCC-L38 and SCC-L44 at the 28 day is between 2.45%, 87.57% depending on the cure mode and the W/B ratio. In addition, WA was observed to range from 5.8 to 7.1%. On the other hand, a good correlation was found between sustainability indicators and Sc. Durability has also been improved for pozzolanic cement compared to that of limestone cement as compressive strength against sulfate and acid attack have been improved.
Determinação do módulo de elasticidade em vigas estruturais de madeira pelo método dos mínimos quadrados Determination of the longitudinal modulus of elasticity in structural sawn wooden beams by the least squares method

Este trabalho propoe uma metodologia alternativa de calculo, fundamentada no Metodo dos Minimos Quadrados para a determinacao do modulo de elasticidade longitudinal, em vigas de madeira de dimensoes estruturais. As equacoes desenvolvidas requerem o conhecimento de tres pontos medidos em deslocamentos ao longo da peca, permitindo maior confiabilidade sobre a variavel resposta, utilizando-se do ensaio de flexao estatica a quatro pontos. A metodologia proposta foi empregada em conjunto com uma simplificada, requerendo o conhecimento do deslocamento apenas no ponto medio da peca, com o objetivo de comparar os resultados entre ambas, sendo utilizada a madeira Jatoba (Hymenaea sp). Os resultados apontaram equivalencia estatistica entre os modelos empregados, indicando a boa aproximacao do modelo simplificado para o calculo do modulo de elasticidade das vigas aqui avaliadas.
Professional talk on cybervetting: Accounting for a contested practise

Even though recruiters’ practise of searching for information online during recruitment and selection has been a contested practise, owing to the risk of discrimination and privacy intrusions as well as poor evidence for its ability to predict work performance, it is used in recruitment. In this article, our aim is to understand how ‘professional talk’ is used as a discursive resource to legitimize contested practises such as the practise of cybervetting by recruiters. The study is based on interviews with 37 recruiters in Sweden, all of whom had experience of cybervetting jobseekers. We found that professional talk was linked to objectivity and being unemotional, having knowledge about recruitment methods and the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. In relation to the theory on professional talk, our study contributes with empirical evidence for the normative function of professional talk. Using cybervetting, as a case of legitimizing controversial practises, we provide a theoretical contribution to the theory on professional talk by illustrating how professional talk not only fills a disciplinary function by restraining a practise but also by enabling, legitimizing and providing discursive frames for how it can be performed.
Phenotypical characterization of aortic rupture in Friesian horses

Background: Acquired aortopulmonary fistulation is a rare condition in humans. It usually results as a late complication of a true or pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta. It is most commonly associated with trauma or surgery, less commonly with atherosclerosis, inflammation or Marfan’s syndrome. Aortopulmonary fistulation is also seen as a rare complication of acute aortic dissection. On rare occasions, acquired aortopulmonary fistulation is reported in aged patients without any of the above mentioned triggering factors. Thus, these cases should be considered as idiopathic aortopulmonary fistulation. Clearly, the pathogenesis of this condition is not yet completely understood. Friesian horses are highly inbred and are affected by several genetic conditions. Rupture of the thoracic aorta has a relatively high prevalence in Friesian horses and is often characterized by the formation of a pseudoaneurysm with subsequent fistulation into the pulmonary artery. Affected animals may survive for several weeks to months. Both in vivo and post-mortem visualizations of the lesion are restricted because of the large posture of these animals. An exact topographical description of the lesions could possibly aid in the search for causative genes. Findings: We performed vascular casting in three affected Friesian horses. In all three cases, an aortic rupture at the caudoventral side of the aorta was connected with a rupture of the main pulmonary artery just proximal to its bifurcation. Conclusions: Vascular casting showed a consistent location and configuration of the aortic rupture in all three Friesian horses, which is consistent with a genetic factor underlying this disease. As the lesions in Friesian horses are very similar to the human condition, they may represent an important spontaneous model of the pathogenic mechanism of this disease in humans.
Response of T. Aman and Boro Rice to Residue Retention Under Strip Tillage

An on-farm research was conducted at Gouripur upazila under Mymensingh district of Bangladesh during aman and boro season in 2013-14 to evaluate the performance of unpuddled rice cultivation. The rice var. Hybrid Krishan2 in aman and BRRI dhan28 in boro season were transplanted by two tillage practices viz., conventional tillage (CT) and strip tillage (ST) and two levels of crop residue i.e, no residue (R 0 ) and 50% residue (R 50 ). The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. ST yielded higher grains in aman season (5.67 t ha -1 ) and also in boro season (4.70 t ha -1 ) which were 9 and 13% higher compared to CT. Higher grain yield in ST leading to 26% higher BCR in aman and 23% higher in boro compared to CT. Retention of 50% residue increased by 5% yield in aman and by 4% yield in boro compared to no residue which contributed to 9% higher BCR in both aman and boro . ST combine with 50% residue retention yielded the highest grain yield in both of aman (5.97 t ha -1 ) and boro season (4.81t ha -1 ) which attributed to obtain the highest BCR in aman (3.08) and boro (2.78). Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 39-44
A synchronization scheme for single-phase grid-tied inverters under harmonic distortion and grid disturbances

Synchronization is a crucial aspect in grid-tied systems, including single-phase photovoltaic inverters, and it can affect the overall performance of the system. Among prior-art synchronization schemes, the Multi Harmonic Decoupling Cell Phase-Locked Loop (MHDC-PLL) presents a fast response under grid disturbances and high accuracy under harmonic distortions. However, major drawbacks of the MHDC-PLL include increased complexity and inaccurate response under non-nominal frequencies, which may occur in practical applications. Thus, this paper proposes strategies to address these issues. At first, a novel re-formulation of an equivalent decoupling cell is proposed for reducing the implementation complexity, and then a frequency adaptive quadrature signal generator for the MHDC-PLL is proposed to enable an accurate response even under non-nominal frequencies. Simulation and experimental results are provided, which show that the proposed synchronization (i.e., the frequency adaptive MHDC-PLL) can achieve a fast and accurate response under any grid disturbance and/or severe harmonic conditions.
Radiogenic iron

Abstract— This historical review focuses on the idea that this very abundant chemical element was overwhelmingly created and ejected from the stars not in its own chemical form but that of radioactive Ni progenitors. Iron in the universe outnumbers all of the common metals. Its thermonuclear origin provided the beginnings for the theory of nucleosynthesis in stars. Three of its isotopes (masses 54, 56, and 57) are counted among the most prominent isotopes of any element. Two of these isotopes (56Fe and 57Fe) are now known to have derived naturally from the radioactive decay of Ni isobars outside of exploding stars. Tension and numerous mistakes surrounding the discovery of its radiogenic origin are analyzed with historical accuracy. The radioactive origin is described as having been first overlooked and later resisted to considerable degree. But incontrovertible evidence, especially from supernova light curves and gamma‐ray‐line astronomy, has established its correctness. Radiogenic Fe thus remains the centerpiece for both the theory and the observations of nucleosynthesis in stars.
Aviation Safety Management System (SMS): Applications for General Industry

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have made significant advances in the development, implementation, and refinement of safety management systems (SMS). An area often overlooked is the evaluation of the SMS once it is implemented in any enterprise. According to ICAO (2013), “An SMS is a system to assure the safe operation of aircraft through effective management of safety risk. This system is designed to continuously improve safety by identifying hazards, collecting and analyzing data and continuously assessing safety risks. The SMS seeks to proactively contain or mitigate risks before they result in aviation accidents and incidents. It is a system that is commensurate with the organization’s regulatory obligations and safety goals. ”
Low literacy in Germany. Results from the second German literacy survey

When Germany performed the first national assessment on reading and writing skills among adults in 2010 (LEO), it was late compared to other European countries such as England or France. Now the results of the second round of that survey reveal a higher average literacy level in Germany compared to the preceding survey. In this paper, we briefly discuss the state of literacy research in large-scale surveys and offer some critical viewpoints. Next, we present the results of the two LEO surveys from 2010 and 2018. Besides providing information about the composition of the low-literate adult population in Germany (aged 18–64 years), we selected results that might help to critically revise current stereotypes about adults who have difficulties reading and writing.
The Potential of LEO Satellite-Based Opportunistic Navigation for High Dynamic Applications

Resilient navigation in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-degraded and -denied environments is becoming more and more required for many applications. It can typically be based on multi-sensor data fusion that relies on alternative technologies to GNSS. In this work, we studied the potential of a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication system for a high-dynamic application, when it is integrated with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and magnetometers. We derived the influence of the main error sources that affect the LEO space vehicle (SV) Doppler-based navigation on both positioning and attitude estimations. This allowed us to determine the best, intermediate and worst cases of navigation performances. We show that while the positioning error is large due to large orbit errors or high SV clock drifts, it becomes competitive with that of an inertial navigation system (INS) based on a better quality IMU if precise satellite orbits are available. On the other hand, the attitude estimation tolerates large orbit errors and high SV clock drifts. The obtained results suggest that LEO SV signals, used as signals of opportunity for navigation, are an attractive alternative in GNSS-denied environments for high dynamic vehicles.
Foot Marching, Load Carriage, and Injury Risk

Abstract : PURPOSE: This document summarizes current literature regarding injuries associated with foot marching and operational military tasks such as patrolling that require Soldiers to carry heavy loads of equipment and supplies. These are often referred to as load-carriage injuries in scientific literature. Other terms used by the Army to describe activities associated with load-carriage injuries include ruck marches, forced marches, loaded marches, road marches, and patrolling. BACKGROUND: In recent operations Soldiers have frequently carried loads weighing over 100 pounds. These weights exceed guidelines for optimal military performance thresholds for combat operations (20 to 30 body weight) and sustained non-contact operations (45 body weight). Heavy loads carried on the body have been shown to increase the energy cost of locomotion, lead to more rapid fatigue, alter the mechanics of walking, and place stresses on the musculoskeletal system. These factors increase Soldiers risk of developing a variety of injuries related to foot march training and operational military tasks such as patrolling. Military leaders, medical providers, and Soldiers have expressed increasing interest in learning about preventing these foot marching related injuries. RESULTS: This paper provides recommended prevention strategies and guidelines that are best supported by the available evidence. As there still remain notable data gaps regarding exposures and effective means to reduce these injuries, this paper also provides specific recommendations for future study design, data collection, and for routine military documentation of Soldier foot marching exposures (frequencies, amount of weights, durations/distances, and speeds).
Performance analysis of an undershot cross-flow water turbine based on the flow near the runner

Since the great east Japan earthquake in 2011, renewable energy is turned into importance. Hydro power is one of most important energies because it is not affected by weather condition and possible to generate steady quantity electric power, so it could be base load power. These days low head hydro power generation is going to increase, because it is easy to be set irrigation channel and agricultural waterway. We have developed water turbines appropriately for low head open channels to effectively utilize the hydro power energy. To improve the performance of the turbine, it is necessary to determine the free surface flow patterns around the turbine. We selected the undershot cross-flow water turbines which could apply to various sizes of channel and flow rate. Because we removed the turbine casing and guide vane, free surface flow patterns of the undershot cross-flow water turbine are very complex. We have researched free surface flow patterns around the turbines using both experiment and numerical analysis. We modified the apparatus system, and could measure mechanical friction loss of bearing. We introduced more precise computational grid of numerical analysis. So it was possible to specify more precise flow patterns near the runner. Time-averaged velocity distribution at inner or outer circumference of runner was almost consistent. As rotational speed increased, volume of cross-flow decreased and that of reversal flow increased. In generating torque and power of turbine, the most significant kind of flow was second stage cross-flow, and the most dominant component of flow was angular momentum. We estimated the torque and power of the turbine based on moment-of-momentum equation, and these results were consistent well with those of calculation.