Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ON PANCREATIC ISLET CELL OF ADULT MALE WISTAR RATS

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder, which is life threatening as a result of an insufficient action of insulin or pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. This study was carried out to evaluate anti-diabetic effects of aqueous extract of Moringa seed on pancreatic islet cell in alloxan induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Twentyfive (25) Adult Male Wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups (n=5). Administration was done via oral route over a period of two weeks. Group A: Control= normal saline, Group B diabetic model (120mg/kg of alloxan), Group C: 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Moringa Oleifera seed, Group D:diabetic model treated with 100mg/kg of aqueous extract of Moringa Oleifera seed and Group E: diabetic model treated with standard diabetic drug (5mg/kg Glibenclamide). Serum was analysed for lipid peroxidation enzyme-Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities while pancreas was processed for Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and Periodic Acid Schiffs stain for glycogen. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in final body weights of the experimental animals (P<0.05) compared to the control and their respectives initial body weights. Lipid peroxidation increased in group B as compared to A, C D and E. There was no significant difference in Mo and GLB reduction in peroxidation activity MDA as well as SOD levels. There was no distortion of the clustered Langerhans cells in the control and MO, GBL treated groups but severe distruption in Alloxan treated group. Conclusions: Moringa Oleifera has a potential cytoprotective effect on Islet of Langerhans against oxidative stress mediated diabetic disorder and can be used as a therapeutic in diabetic disease prevention and management.
Butane (both isomers) [MAK Value Documentation, 2003]

MAK value (1966) 1000 ml/m (ppm)  2400 mg/m Peak limitation (1983) Category II, excursion factor 4 Absorption through the skin – Sensitization – Carcinogenicity – Prenatal toxicity (1999) see Section IIc of the List of MAK and BAT Values Germ cell mutagenicity – BAT value – Synonyms n-butane isobutane Chemical name (CAS) butane 2-methylpropane CAS number 106-97-8 75-28-5 Structural formula H3C–(CH2)2–CH3 (H3C)3CH Molecular formula C4H10 C4H10 Molecular weight 58.12 58.12 Melting point –138.4°C –159.6°C Boiling point –0.5°C –11.7°C log Pow* 2.89 2.88 1 ml/m (ppm)  2.41 mg/m 1 mg/m  0.415 ml/m (ppm)
RandomizedCrossover Study to Examine the Necessity of an Injection-to-Meal Interval inPatientsWithType2Diabetes Mellitus and Human Insulin

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdIn this randomized, open crossover trial, 100 patients with T2DM (47% men, mean age = 66.7 years) were randomized to the IMI first group (phase 1, IMI 20 min; phase 2, no IMI) or IMI last group (phase 1, no IMI; phase 2, IMI 20 min). The main outcome measures were HbA1c, blood glucose profile, incidence of hypoglycemia, quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and patient preference.
Value Creation for Emerging Acquirers in Other Emerging Economies: A Comparison with Developed Market Firms

Over the past few years, emerging markets have been reinforcing their presence in the worldwide M&A activity. In fact, emerging acquirers are now targeting companies in order to tap into their fast economic growth and increasingly wealthy populations. As a consequence, we have to ask: Do cross-border acquisitions in emerging markets create positive and significant returns to their emerging acquirers? Are these higher than those of developed countries? We perform an event study on 657 deals involving emerging acquirers between 2002 and 2011 and compare with 1936 deals performed by developed country firms both in emerging markets. We find that emerging acquirers earn significantly higher returns than developed markets especially in the case of acquisition of control. Lastly, emerging companies of smaller size, who finance their transactions with cash and acquire control of the target, are more likely to incur higher value creation.
Title The effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on performance during incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercise and ammonia metabolism during and after exercise

Objectives: L-ornithine plays an important role in ammonia metabolism via the urea cycle. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on performance during incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercise and ammonia metabolism during and after exercise. Subjects/Methods: Fourteen healthy young adults (age: 22.2 +/1.0 yr, height: 173.5 +/4.6 cm, body-mass: 72.5 +/12.5 kg) who trained regularly conducted incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercises after L-ornithine hydrochloride supplementation (0.1g/kg, body-mass) and placebo conditions with a cross-over design. The exercise time (sec) of the incremental ergometer exercise, exercise intensity at exhaustion (watt), maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min), maximal heart rate (bpm) and the following serum parameters were measured before ingestion, one hour after ingestion, just after exhaustion and 15 min after exhaustion: ornithine, ammonia, urea, lactic acid and glutamate. All indices on maximal aerobic capacity showed insignificant differences between both conditions. Results: Plasma ammonia concentrations just after exhaustion and at 15 min after exhaustion were significantly more with placebo ingestion than with ornithine. Plasma glutamate concentrations were significantly higher after exhaustion with placebo ingestion than with ornithine. Conclusions: It was suggested that while the ingestion of L-ornithine hydrochloride before exercise cannot be expected to improve performance, it does increase the ability to buffer ammonia both during and after exercise.
Mandatory CSR expenditure and stock market liquidity

We investigate the nexus between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firms’ stock market liquidity. Using actual firm-level CSR expenditure data and a quasi-natural experiment setup of a mandated CSR regulation in India, we find that firms complying with the mandate experience significantly higher stock market liquidity, relative to non-CSR firms in the post-CSR mandate period. This effect seems to be more pronounced among CSR firms not affiliated to business groups, with concentrated promoter ownership, with low institutional ownership, with foreign sales and having operations in multiple locations. Further, we find that firms spending more on education and healthcare projects as part of their mandatory CSR engagement have higher stock market liquidity. Our results are in line with the conjecture that mandatory CSR regulation could lead to reduced information asymmetry and improved social and reputational capital, and thus improve the stock market liquidity of CSR firms. Finally, we show that mandated CSR firms, having superior stock market liquidity, obtain higher market valuations in the long run.
Causal and Associational Language in Observational Health Research: A Systematic Evaluation.

We estimated the degree to which language used in the high profile medical/public health/epidemiology literature implied causality using language linking exposures to outcomes and action recommendations; examined disconnects between language and recommendations; identified the most common linking phrases; and estimated how strongly linking phrases imply causality. We searched and screened for 1,170 articles from 18 high-profile journals (65 per journal) published from 2010-2019. Based on written framing and systematic guidance, three reviewers rated the degree of causality implied in abstracts and full text for exposure/outcome linking language and action recommendations. Reviewers rated the causal implication of exposure/outcome linking language as None (no causal implication) in 13.8%, Weak 34.2%, Moderate 33.2%, and Strong 18.7% of abstracts. The implied causality of action recommendations was higher than the implied causality of linking sentences for 44.5% or commensurate for 40.3% of articles. The most common linking word in abstracts was "associate" (45.7%). Reviewers' ratings of linking word roots were highly heterogeneous; over half of reviewers rated "association" as having at least some causal implication. This research undercuts the assumption that avoiding "causal" words leads to clarity of interpretation in medical research.
Slow and steady wins the race: Life cycle and seasonal regulation of Gomphus lucasii (Odonata: Gomphidae)

We investigated the emergence and life cycle of the endangered Maghrebian endemic Gomphus lucasii at the Seybouse River in north-eastern Algeria. Starting in mid-April, their emergence, typical of spring species, was highly synchronized and was achieved within two to three weeks. EM50 was reached in three days. Larval sampling indicated that the synchrony was achieved through larvae overwintering in the F-0 stage. Noteworthy was the concomitant presence of a junior cohort throughout the year demonstrating that the species completes a generation in two years. Thus, contrary to what has been reported previously, we argue that G. lucasii is a semivoltine species with a ‘slow’ developmental rate congruent with its distribution in high-risk permanent habitats. This finding has important conservation implications for this threatened endemic species which is facing severe anthropogenic pressures in the context of global changes. Further key words. Dragonfly, Anisoptera, voltinism, North Africa, Algeria
S 2 BFL : Leveraging State Profiling to Enhance Spectrum-based Fault Localization

— Researchers have used various profile elements to enable spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL), including functions, statements, and branches. Such structural profile elements might not always discriminate failing runs from passing runs, which is detrimental to the effectiveness of SBFL. This motivated us to investigate non-structural profile elements that capture program state information. This paper presents S 2 BFL , an approach that leverages state profiling to enhance SBFL. When computing the SBFL suspiciousness score of a given program statement, S 2 BFL takes into consideration the execution path behavior of the program as well as its memory behavior. This is achieved by incorporating information extracted from both structural profiles and state profiles. We evaluated S 2 BFL using the Defects4J benchmark and a comprehensive list of 54 SBFL techniques. Our results supported our claim that S 2 BFL enhances SBFL with statistical significance but a small effect size. The findings were similar when considering single-statement faults, multi-statement faults, and faults of omission. They were also similar when either statement profiles or branch profiles are used.
What makes for successful patient navigation implementation in cancer prevention and screening programs using an evaluation and sustainability framework

Integrating patient navigation into cancer prevention and early detection efforts has been effective in increasing cancer screening rates for the medically underserved. Few publications have focused on how cancer screening interventions in the primary care setting using patient navigation as a primary strategy are implemented, adapted, and sustained. In 2006, the University of Colorado Cancer Center established a statewide colorectal cancer screening program to reduce disparities and improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for the medically underserved in partnership with the safety net system. The program, known as the Colorado Cancer Screening Program (CCSP), has provided navigation into preventive screening for more than 35,000 patients.
Mechanical and Thermal Impacts of the Tibetan–Iranian Plateau on the North Pacific Storm Track: Numerical Experiments by FGOALS‐f3‐L

By employing a state‐of‐the‐art global atmospheric general circulation model from the Global Monsoons Model Inter‐comparison Project, this study investigates the mechanical and thermal impacts of the Tibetan‐Iranian Plateau (TIP) on the North Pacific storm track (NPST). When the TIP‐associated mechanical forcing is removed, the winter NPST strengthens remarkably on the northern flank of its climatological maximum and becomes inconspicuously separated from storm track activities over the Asian continent. The midwinter suppression of the NPST is almost inapparent but still exists. In contrast, when TIP‐associated thermal forcing is absent, the winter NPST amplitudes weaken prominently on the north and west sides, and the midwinter suppression remains obvious. The mechanical and thermal impact of the TIP on the NPST are robust not only in winter but also in other seasons. Without the TIP‐associated mechanical forcing, the intensified winter NPST may be dependent on the weakened and widened upper‐level jet, strengthened atmospheric baroclinicity on the north side of climatological winter upper‐level jet, enhanced baroclinic energy conversion, and attenuated East Asian trough. In contrast, without the TIP‐associated thermal forcing, the weakened winter NPST may be determined by the strengthened and narrowed upper‐level jet, reduced atmospheric baroclinicity on the northern flank of upper‐level jet, decreased baroclinic energy conversion, and intensified East Asian trough.
Parameters Screening of TEAM Workshop Problem 25 by the Application of Experimental Design Method

This paper presents the application of Experimental Design Method as a preliminary step for the optimization process of electromagnetic devices. This method allows us to identify the significant parameters of an optimization problem and reduce the number of evaluations of the objective function. To show the efficiency of this method, we apply it in the parameters screening of the Problem 25 of TEAM Workshop, whose solution is also presented in this paper.
Statistical analysis of timedependent earthquake occurrence and its impact on hazard in the low seismicity region Lower Rhine Embayment L. Faenza et al.Impact of timedependent earthquake distribution on seismic hazard

S U M M A R Y The time-dependence of earthquake occurrence is mostly ignored in standard seismic hazard assessment even though earthquake clustering is well known. In this work, we attempt to quantify the impact of more realistic dynamics on the seismic hazard estimations. We include the time and space dependences between earthquakes into the hazard analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. Our target region is the Lower Rhine Embayment, a low seismicity area in Germany. Including aftershock sequences by using the epidemic type aftershock-sequence (ETAS) model, we find that on average the hypothesis of uncorrelated random earthquake activity underestimates the hazard by 5–10 per cent. Furthermore, we show that aftershock activity of past large earthquakes can locally increase the hazard even centuries later. We also analyse the impact of the so-called long-term behaviour, assuming a quasi-periodic occurrence of main events on a major fault in that region. We found that a significant impact on hazard is only expected for the special case of a very regular recurrence of the main shocks.
Streamless aggregation of in the presence of isopropylidenadenosin

Starving cells of Dictyostelium discoideum undergo a developmental cycle were cAMP is au-tocatalytically produced and relayed from cell to cell, resulting in the propagation of excitation waves over a spatially extended population. Later on the homogeneous cell layer transforms into a pattern of cell streams directed perpendicular to the cAMP waves. Here we chemically inﬂuence aggregation competent cells by isopropylidenadenosin (IPA), an adenosine derivative. It can be assumed, that IPA acts via speciﬁc adenosine binding sites localized in the cellular membrane. We ﬁnd, however, that pattern formation and cellular aggregation under the inﬂuence of IPA diﬀer considerably compared to experiments with adenosine. In particular, our observations point towards an inhibitory eﬀect on adenylate cyclase (ACA), the key enzyme in the autocatalytic production process of cAMP inside the cell. Our results suggest the existence of a direct coupling (via intracellular aﬀection) or indirect coupling (via inhibition of cAMP binding) of the speciﬁc adenosine receptors to the regulatory circuit that controls cyclic intra- and extracellular cAMP concentration.
Black hole bound states in AdS3 × S

We systematically construct the geometries dual to the 1+1 dimensional (0,4) conformal field theories that arise in the low-energy description of wrapped M5-branes in S1 × CY3 compactifications of M-theory. This includes a large number of multicentered black hole bound states asymptotic to AdS3 × S2. In addition, we find many geometries that develop multiple, mutually decoupled AdS3 × S2 throats. We argue there is a useful one to one correspondence between the connected components of the space of solutions and particular limits of type IIA attractor flow trees. We point out that there is a thermodynamic instability of small supersymmetric BTZ black holes to localization on the S2, a supersymmetric and exactly solvable analog of the well known AdS-Schwarzschild localization instability, and identify this with the “Entropy Enigma” in four dimensions. We discuss the phase transition this suggests, and initiate the CFT interpretation of these results. ar X iv :0 80 2. 22 57 v1 [ he pth ] 1 5 Fe b 20 08
Assessment of Weight Status among Police Head Constables in Delhi

Background: Police work is mentally demanding and stressful, which takes a heavy toll on the health of police personnel. The consequences are obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes which should be curbed to maintain sound health. Methods: This was a cross sectional study that assessed the weight status of 85 male police head constables in Delhi. A predesigned & pretested questionnaire was used to elicit information on socio demographic and job profile of the participants. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), body fat (BF) percentage and blood pressure of the participants were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results: As per the World Health Organization (WHO), body mass index (BMI) classification, 60% (n=51) of the subjects were overweight and 12 % (n=10) were class I obese. According to adult treatment panel (ATP III) classification of waist circumference 41.2 % (n=35) of the subjects had above the desired level of WC. It was seen that 47.1% (n=40) had BF percentage of the overweight category and 45.8 % (n=39) were lying in the obese category. A strong positive correlation was found between BMI and body fat % (r= 0.93, p < 0.05). About 23.5% (n=20) of the subjects were found to be prehypertensive and 63.6% (n=54) had stage I hypertension. Conclusion: Noticeable prevalence of overweight and obesity was found among the police constables along with associated comorbidities, emphasizing the need for suitable prevention strategies.
Examining the role of psychological factors in the relationship between sleep problems and suicide

We sought to conduct the first systematic review of empirical evidence investigating the role of psychological factors in the relationship between sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Twelve studies were identified which examined psychological factors grouped into four categories of cognitive appraisals, psychosocial factors, emotion regulation strategies, and risk behaviours. Although there was substantial heterogeneity across studies with respect to measurement, sampling, and analysis, preliminary evidence indicated that negative cognitive appraisals, perceived social isolation, and unhelpful emotion regulation strategies may contribute to the association between sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Given that findings in this area are currently restricted to studies with cross-sectional designs, the directionality of the interrelationships between these psychological factors, sleep problems and suicidality, remains unclear. We integrate the findings of our review with contemporary psychological models of suicidal behaviour to develop a clear research agenda. Identified pathways should now be tested with longitudinal and experimental designs. In addition, a more thorough investigation of the complexities of sleep, psychological factors, and suicidal thoughts and behaviours is crucial for the development of targeted psychological interventions.
Effect of temperature on the sex ratio and life table parameters of the leekâ•’(<fc>L1</fc>) and tobaccoâ•’associated (T) <fc><fi>Thrips tabaci</fi></fc> lineages (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Funding information National Research Development and Innovation Office, Grant/Award Number: K109594; Tempus Public Foundation; Hungarian Ministry for Innovation and Technology, Grant/Award Number: TKP2020-IKA-12 Abstract Temperature strongly affects insect biological response. Effects of temperature on the sex ratio, preoviposition, fecundity, egg hatchability rate, and adult longevity of the L1 and T Thrips tabaci lineages were studied under laboratory conditions at three constant temperature levels (15, 23, and 30 C) on cabbage and tobacco leaf discs, respectively. Results showed that temperature affects all the tested life table parameters of L1 and T lineages. The proportion of female's log-linearly increased as temperature increased. Preoviposition period, fecundity, adult longevity, and egg hatchability rate were reduced significantly with increasing temperature. In both lineages, the lowest egg hatchability rates were recorded at 30 C and the highest rates were recorded at 15 C. Mean fecundity of the L1 and T lineages were 107.63 and 84.83 at 23 C, respectively, and mean fecundity of the L1 and T lineages were 19.88 and 70.82 at 15 C, respectively. The lowest mean fecundity was recorded at 15 C and 30 C for the L1 and T lineages, respectively. Mean longevity were 34.22 and 81.82 days at 15 C for L1 and T lineages, respectively. Whereas, the shortest mean longevity (13.63 and 13.91 days) was observed at 30 C for the L1 and T lineages, respectively. Our results demonstrated that 23 C was the optimum temperature for fecundity among the studied temperature levels for the studied population of the L1 and T T. tabaci lineages.
Revaccination in guinea pigs with the live-attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTBVAC 4 improves BCG protection against tuberculosis 5

15 Background. The need for an effective vaccine against human tuberculosis (TB) has driven the 16 development of different candidates and vaccination strategies. Novel live attenuated vaccines are 17 being developed which promise greater safety and efficacy, than BCG, against TB. We combined BCG 18 with MTBVAC to evaluate whether efficacy of either vaccine would be affected upon re-vaccination. 19 Methods. In a well-established guinea pig model of aerosol TB infection, BCG and MTBVAC 20 vaccination schedules were compared in prime-boost combination or alone. Efficacy was 21 determined by a reduction in bacterial load at four weeks post-challenge. 22