Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-temporal analysis of erosional plots using aerial images and deep soil probes

ABSTRACT Evaluating erosion processes and their influence on soil degradation over extensive agricultural landscape is difficult. Because of the need for analysis and mapping of this problem, we elaborated a procedure applicable to a specific, intensively farmed, erosion-threatened chernozem area of CZ or similar regions. The aim of the research was to verify the possibility of digital aerial image analysis, along with a control study of soil sampling. To define and compare the boundaries and extent of erosion and deposition processes, we used images from two different years, showing changes in soil degradation. Orthorectification and unsupervised image classification were followed by interpretation and statistical evaluation. The results, locating erosional, transitional and depositional areas, were verified in laboratory analysis of soil samples for selected soil characteristics. Comparison of aerial images showed changes in the agricultural landscape over 35 years, showing an increase of ca. 60% in erosional areas. Extensive changes also occurred in transitional and depositional areas as material from the subsoil horizon of erosional areas covered some depositional areas. Importantly, our research confirmed the potential of digital aerial image analysis as a method of studying soil erosion over extensive landscape, and the possibility of using it in planning anti-erosion measures. GA
Proteasome Inhibitor or Immunomodulators Which is The Optimal Maintenance For Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A 7-Year Real-World Data in China.

Background: According to different patients’ subgroups choose optimal maintenance therapy. Methods: 226 Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) patients in our center were included, the patients’ characteristics, survival, response, subgroup analysis, adverse reactions were compared between the patients with or without maintenance, proteasome inhibitor (PI) or immunomodulators (IMiDs) maintenance. And the survival of different maintenance duration of bortezomib-based regimens was also analyzed.Results: The maintenance therapy not only upgraded more patients’ response (34.3 vs. 13.3%, p= 0.006), but also significantly prolonged the patients’ PFS (median PFS: 41.1 vs. 10.5 months, p < 0.001) and OS (median OS: not reached vs. 38.6 months, p < 0.001). Compared with IMiDs, the PFS (median PFS: 43.7 vs. 38.5 months, p = 0.034) and OS (median OS: not reached vs. 78.5 months, p = 0.041) can both benefit from bortezomib-based maintenance. The patients younger than 65 years old with bortezomib-based maintenance significantly prolonged the OS (p= 0.032). Patients achieving the only partial response (PR) after induction and consolidation therapy experienced a significantly longer PFS and OS with bortezomib-based maintenance compared to IMiDs (p= 0.007, 0.002). Besides, the high-risk patients (ISS 2-3, DS 2-3 and RISS 2-3) with bortezomib-based maintenance can benefit PFS (p= 0.002, 0.02, 0.06, respectively) and OS (p=0.059, 0.047, 0.044, respectively) compared with IMiDs. The OS was significantly prolonged in the patients who received ≥12 months of bortezomib-based maintenance than those with maintenance < 12 months (p< 0.001), but no difference was observed in OS between the patients who received the 12-24 or ≥ 24months of bortezomib-based maintenance (p= 0.292). Conclusion: Maintenance therapy can significantly improve the survival of NDMM patients. Bortezomib-based regimens maintenance was more superior to IMiDs in overall PFS and OS. The beneficial effect is most evident in patients achieving the only PR after induction and consolidation therapy, and the high-risk patients. Moreover, younger patients also could benefit from bortezomib-based maintenance in OS. The bortezomib-based maintenance duration lasting 12-24 months after induction and consolidation therapy can reach a satisfactory OS.
Modeling Multiple Time-Varying Related Groups: A Dynamic Hierarchical Bayesian Approach With an Application to the Health and Retirement Study

Abstract As the population of the older individuals continues to grow, it is important to study the relationship among the variables measuring financial health and physical health of the older individuals to better understand the demand for healthcare, and health insurance. We propose a semiparametric approach to jointly model these variables. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study which includes a set of correlated longitudinal variables measuring financial and physical health. In particular, we propose a dynamic hierarchical matrix stick-breaking process prior for some of the model parameters to account for the time dependent aspects of our data. This prior introduces dependence among the parameters across different groups which varies over time. A Lasso type shrinkage prior is specified for the covariates with time-invariant effects for selecting the set of covariates with significant effects on the outcomes. Through joint modeling, we are able to study the physical health of the older individuals conditional on their financial health, and vice-versa. Based on our analysis, we find that the health insurance (medicare) provided by the government (of the United States) to the older individuals is very effective, and it covers most of the medical expenditures. However, none of the health insurances conveniently cover the additional medical expenses due to chronic diseases like cancer and heart problem. Simulation studies are performed to assess the operating characteristics of our proposed modeling approach. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on the Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Chickpea - forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Cropping Sequence

Background: The ameliorating effect of legumes on the soil is considered to be the most important factor for increasing productivity of non-legume crops grown in rotation. The contribution of preceding legumes is often studied by measuring the yield of subsequent crop. The success of any cropping system depends upon the appropriate management of resources including balanced use of manures and fertilizers.Methods: A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India during Rabi - Summer seasons of the years 2017-18 and 2018-19 on chickpea-forage sorghum cropping system.Result: Results showed that the growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea were significantly influenced by the integrated nutrient management. On the basis of two year and pooled data, the results revealed that the plant height, dry matter production, dry root biomass, number of pods plant-1, seed yield and stover yield of chickpea were increased with application of 50% RDF + 2 t VC ha-1 + Bio NP (Rhizobium+PSB) than any other treatments. The ameliorating effect of legumes on the soil is considered to be the most important factor in improving the production of non-legume crops grown in rotation. The contribution of preceding legumes is often studied by measuring the yield of subsequent crop. The success of any cropping system depends upon the appropriate management of resources including balanced use of manures and fertilizers. It can be concluded that growth and yield of chickpea was significantly increased with combine application of chemical fertilizers, organic manure and bio-fertilizers.
Cosmology of Barrow Holographic Dark Energy as Nojiri-Odintsov Holographic Dark Energy with Specific Cut-off and the Thermodynamics

Motivated by the work of Saridakis (Phys. Rev. D 102, 123525 (2020)), the present study reports the cosmological consequences of Barrow holographic dark energy (HDE) and its thermodynamics. Literatures demonstrate that Dark Energy (DE) may result from electroweak symmetry breaking that triggers a phase transition from early inflation to late time acceleration. In the present study, we incorporated viscosity in the Barrow HDE. A reconstruction scheme is presented for the parameters associated with Barrow holographic dark energy under the purview of viscous cosmology. Equation of state (EoS) parameter is reconstructed in this scenario and quintessence behaviour is observed. Considering Barrow HDE as a specific case of Nojiri-Odintsov (NO) HDE, we have observed quintom behaviour of the EoS parameter and for some values of n the EoS has been observed to be very close to −1 for the current universe. The generalised second law of thermodynamics has come out to be valid in all the scenarios under consideration. Physical viability of considering Barrow HDE as a specific case of NO HDE is demonstrated in this study.
Acoustic environment management in the countryside: A case study of tourist sentiment for rural soundscapes in China

For sustainable environment development in the countryside and rural tourism destinations, we must pay greater attention to acoustic environment management and rural soundscape planning. Field surveys were performed using rural soundscape questionnaires to evaluate soundscape expectations and soundscape sentiments for the psycho-acoustic characteristics of rural soundscapes in Zhuquan Village, a rural tourism destination in China. The main findings of the 452 survey questionnaires show that the natural sounds of geophonies and biophonies are the rural tourists’ soundscape preferences, and sounds of spring and streams, bird song, and sounds of waterwheels are the rural tourists’ soundscape expectations. In the planning and management of rural soundscapes, we should reduce unwanted sounds, and protect and develop rich natural sounds, native lifestyle and traditional cultural soundscapes, so as to create an acoustically authentic atmosphere in the ideal rural tourism destination originating from idyllic Shangri-La.
Ensemble learning updating classifier for accurate land cover assessment in tropical cloudy areas

Abstract Land use/cover information is fundamental for the sustainable management of resources. Notwithstanding the advancement of remote sensing, analysts daunt to generate sufficient-quality land use/cover products due to dense-cloud-contaminated and/or technical issues. This study proposes a novel approach (Ensemble Learning Updating Classifier/ELUC), which can be applied with various classification algorithms and data sets to simplistically generate new classifications or renew existing classifications with a remarkable accuracy improvement. Applying miscellaneous features of Landsat-8 images, the ELUC of a random-forest-based algorithm produces sequences of single-time classifications with a mean overall accuracy of 84%. Through the study period, these sequences of individual classifications were then joined to achieve a final classification which reaches an overall accuracy of 94%. Also, the ELUC of the random-forest-based algorithm outperforms that of Kernel-Density-Estimation with a 5% overall accuracy higher. These outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the ELUC for a remarkably consistent land use/cover estimation with a data-rich environment.
Maxillary Canine with two roots and two canals: A case report

Introduction: Knowledge of the anatomy and root canal system is of fundamental importance for a successful endodontic treatment. Maxillary canines unusually possess two root canals. Aim: The present study aims to present a maxillary canine with two roots and two canals through a clinical case. Case report: A male patient was referred for the treatment of a root perforation of the tooth 23. Clinical examination revealed the presence of vestibular fistula and mild pain with vertical and horizontal percussion. Through a tomographic examination, the presence of two roots and two root canals was observed in addition to a radiolucent lesion at the middle third of the roots but without perforation in the middle third. Coronary opening and the localization of the vestibular and palatal canals were performed. The root canal length was performed with Romi Apex A-15® foraminal locator and instrumentation was conducted by using Protaper Next® system. Due to the presence of fistula, calcium hydroxide manipulated with propylene glycol was used as intracanal medication for 30 days. After this period, the root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus® cement and a new tomographic examination was undertaken, which confirmed the complete filling of the root canals and the absence of root perforation. Conclusion: Given the above, endodontic professionals shall be aware of possible anatomical variations and make use of auxiliary resources when appropriate, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), to ensure correct diagnosis and, consequently, a successful root canal treatment.
Contractual Saving for Housing as Early Financial Development and Its Clients in Weimar Germany

Even today, contractual saving for housing (CSH) through building societies (Bausparkassen) is one of the major sources for housing financing in several countries in Continental Europe. In its continental variety, it can be traced back to 1920s Germany. In this time, a weak and financially constrained government and a financial system devastated by hyperinflation could not cope with the shortage of financing for residential property. In our paper, we use hand-picked data from the first of the respective building societies to show the geographical spread of this new form of financial development from Southwest Germany across the Weimar Republic. We observe that CSH was especially popular in the industrial and more liberal states and areas of Germany, whereas clients in the Prussian heartland in the East showed relatively little interest. With regard to social classes and occupations of CSH customers, we find that especially the upper lower and the lower middle class used this financial development, and even members of the upper class used CSH relatively often. In this sense, CSH helped the middle class in overcoming financing constraints. Thus, CSH in Germany can be understood as financial development by demand.
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial untuk Mendukung Kegiatan Penyuluhan Pertanian di Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

The rapid development of communication technology requires agricultural extension workers to be able to use social media in disseminating agricultural information. This study aims to describe the use of social media, analyze the factors associated with the level of social media utilization and analyze the management of agricultural information and its relationship with the use of social media. The study used the observation method to select respondents through the census.The level of social media utilization by respondents was measured by the frequency and duration in using Facebook, WhatsApp, Youtube and Instagram . The frequency of using social media is relatively high for Facebook and WhatsApp. The overall duration of accessing social media is relatively low. Factors that are significantly related to the utilization level of social media are the characteristics of extension workers (level of education and the availability of communication technology tools), perception of extension workers (ease of acces to information), information needs of extension workers (climate and capital) and motivation of extension workers (increasing knowledge and insight). Almost all extension workers manage information obtained from social media to be distributed to farmers.
Measures of variability in transitional phases in second language development

Abstract This paper investigates measures of change to help demonstrate the necessity of variability as a developmental mechanism for advancing different features of L2 learning (related here primarily to writing, but also to reading) with a particular focus on learners at different stages of development. To do so, the work draws on three studies to build a case for using variability as a meaningful marker of change. Lowie, Wander M. & Marjolijn Verspoor. 2019. Individual differences and the ergodicity problem. Language Learning 69. 184–206 found in a group of 22 Dutch learners of English that the Coefficient of Variation (CoV), rather than individual factors such as motivation and aptitude, showed a significant correlation with writing proficiency gains. A replication study by Huang, Ting, Rasmus Steinkrauss & Marjolijn Verspoor. 2020b. Variability as predictors for L2 writing proficiency. Journal of Second Language Writing, with 22 Chinese learners of English revealed that the CoV rather than motivation, aptitude or working memory was a significant predictor in writing proficiency gains. A study by Gui, Min, Xiaokan Chen & Marjolijn Verspoor. Submitted. The dynamics of reading development in English for Academic Purposes, on reading for academic purposes with 27 Chinese Chemistry majors showed that the Standard Deviation of differences (SDd) rather than proficiency in English or knowledge of Chemistry correlated with reading gains. Two further studies present tentative evidence that these changes take place especially at transitional phases while learning a new skill.
COVID-19 Protective Behaviors among Iran’s Health System Workers: Psychological Theoretic Design Analysis

Background & Aim: Health system staff is as first front line to combat corona disease, and probability of risk of infection to COVID-19 are more in them. This study aimed to investigate protective behaviors related to COVID-19 in Iranian health system staff using a psychological theoretical framework - EPPM (Extended Parallel Process Model) case.Methods: The current study was in cross-sectional design and performed online from May 4 to July 22, 2020 on 418 individuals selected from Iranian health system staff including (physician, nurse & laboratory technician, health worker, administrative staff, radiologist). Data was gathered using valid and reliable electronic questionnaire designed based on EPPM which assesses relations of constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived response-efficacy) with the intention and performing protective behaviors) and published through Porsline site. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t–test, analysis of variance, and regression in SPSS software version 16.Results: Most individuals (40.4%) were in age group of 30-40, which (72%) were married and majority of them was woman (70.6%). Pearson correlation test showed significant association among performing protective behaviors and constructs of perceived self-efficacy (r=0.373, P=0.000), perceived response-efficacy (r=0.120, P=0.014), and intention (r=0.462, P=0.000). Multiple regression analysis recognizes perceived self-efficacy (P=0.000; Beta=0.398), and behavioral intention (P=0.000; Beta=0.283) as predictors of performing protective behaviors. Results of descriptive statistical analysis in order to determine critical point based on EPPM showed that 35.4% of health system staff with critical point lesser than 1, were in fear control process and 34.4% of individuals with critical point more than 1 are involved in danger control process.Conclusion: Only, one third of health system staff is involved in process of controlling risk of COVID19. Motivation of protection in health system staff is established in case of perception self-efficacy as well as perception efficacy on COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Therefore, programming to perform interventions based on EPPM by emphasis on strategies of promoting perceived self-efficacy and perceived response-efficacy in order to improve performing protective behaviors in this highly vulnerable subgroup is seriously recommended.
Robust preview control for polytopic nonlinear control systems

In this paper, the preview tracking control problem for Lipschitz nonlinear system, where future reference signals over a finite horizon can be previewed. First, an augmented error system including previewed information is constructed, which transforms a preview tracking control problem into a regulation problem. Furthermore, sufficient conditions on polytopic nonlinear systems, which guarantee the corresponding closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable, are derived by employing parameter-dependent Lyapunov function. A linear matrix inequality approach for designing preview controllers in state feedback and output feedback settings is presented. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Regioselective Hydroxylation of Oleanolic Acid Catalyzed by Human CYP3A4 to Produce Hederagenenin, a Chiral Metabolite

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in plants and foods as an aglycone of triterpenoid saponins or as a free acid. OA exhibits beneficial activities for humans, including antitumor, antivirus, and hepatoprotection properties without apparent toxicity. The metabolites produced by the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are critical for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of drugs. In this study, the potential metabolites of OA were investigated by P450-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Among the various tested human P450s, only human CYP3A4 was active for the hydroxylation of OA. The major metabolite was characterized by a set of analyses using HPLC, LC–MS, and NMR. It was found to be 4-epi-hederagenenin, a chiral product, by regioselective hydroxylation of the methyl group at the C-23 position. These results indicated that CYP3A4 can hydroxylate an OA substrate to make 4-epi-hederagenenin. Possible drug–food interactions are discussed.
The Use of Autogenous Teeth for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Literature Review

Alveolar ridge resorption is a natural consequence of teeth extraction, with unpleasant aesthetic and functional consequences that might compromise a future oral rehabilitation. To minimize the biological consequences of alveolar ridge resorption, several surgical procedures have been designed, the so-called alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques. One important characteristic is the concomitant use of biomaterial in ARP. In the past decade, autogenous teeth as a bone graft material in post-extraction sockets have been proposed with very interesting outcomes, yet with different protocols of preparation. Here we summarize the available evidence on autogenous teeth as a biomaterial in ARP, its different protocols and future directions.