Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulations for the rheological characteristics of emulsions under several conditions including temperature, shear rate, surfactant concentration and droplet size

An emulsion system was simulated under simple shear rates to analyse its rheological characteristics using the lattice Boltzmann method. The relative viscosity of an emulsion under a simple shear flow along with changes in temperature, shear rate, surfactant concentration and droplet size was calculated. The relative viscosity of emulsions decreased with increase in temperature. The shear thinning phenomena explaining the inverse proportion between shear rate and viscosity were observed. An increase in the surfactant concentration caused an increase in the relative viscosity for a decane-in-water emulsion, because the increased deformation caused by the decreased interfacial tension significantly influenced the wall shear stress. An increase in droplet size caused a decrease in the relative viscosity and smaller shear thinning behaviour because of decreased aggregational and repulsive forces within the emulsion system.
Calculation of the Heat Capacity of α Quartz and Vitreous Silica from Spectroscopic Data

The heat capacity of α‐quartz has been computed over the temperature range 10–700°K, and that of vitreous silica from 10° to 900°K. Debye θ's obtained from the T3 law below 10° were used for the ``translational'' degrees of freedom, and recent infrared and Raman data for the other frequencies. Cp—Cv was negligible for vitreous silica and was computed from compressibility and thermal‐expansion data for α‐quartz. Agreement with new Cp measurements is excellent for α‐quartz (within 1% above 60°K) but is less satisfactory for vitreous silica because of inadequate knowledge of the distribution of frequencies below 500 cm—1.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution Using Low-Cost Activated Carbons Derived from Agricultural Waste Materials and Activated Carbon Fabric Cloth

This paper examines an efficient adsorption process for the treatment of tannery wastewater. A variety of low-cost activated carbons were developed from agricultural waste materials, characterized, and utilized for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. Systematic studies on chromium(VI) adsorption equilibrium and kinetics by low-cost activated carbons as well as commercially available activated carbon fabric cloth were carried out at different temperatures, particle size, pH, and adsorbent doses. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models fitted the adsorption data quite reasonably. The results indicate that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fits the data better than the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Further, the data are better correlated with the nonlinear form than the linear one. The kinetic studies were conducted to delineate the effects of temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent particle size, and solid-to-liquid ratio. The adsorption of Cr(VI) follows pseudo-seco.
Molecular Design for Organic Nonlinear Optics: Polarizability and Hyperpolarizabilities of Furan Homologues Investigated by Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Method†

Static polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities have been calculated for the furan homologues including furan (C4H4O), thiophene (C4H4S), selenophene (C4H4Se), and tellurophene (C4H4Te), at the Hartree−Fock and various correlation levels by ab initio molecular orbital methods. The influence of substitution with heavy atoms on the molecular properties of the homologues was examined theoretically. In the calculations for molecules with Se and Te atoms, the contribution of core electrons in the atoms was estimated using effective core potential (ECP) methods. With the calculation for the thiophene molecule, effectiveness of the use of the ECP method was examined, and the ECP method was found to give the (hyper)polarizability values similar to those obtained considering all electrons for the molecule. The calculated results show that substitution of the heteroatom with heavy atoms systematically increases the individual components of the polarizability, α, and second hyperpolarizability, γ. On the other han.
Effect of fluorine in chemical‐vapor‐deposited tungsten silicide film on electrical breakdown of SiO2 film

The effect of fluorine in chemical‐vapor‐deposited tungsten silicide film on electrical breakdown of SiO2 film was investigated. Fluorine diffuses into the SiO2 film through the upper layer of poly Si above 800 °C. At 1000 °C, fluorine diffuses into the SiO2 film to a concentration on the order of 1020 cm−3. Electrical breakdown field of the SiO2 film degrades remarkably at 1000 °C. However, it was clear that the diffusion of fluorine was blocked by a thin chemical‐vapor‐deposited Si3N4 layer on the SiO2 film. In this case, the degradation of SiO2 film was not observed. From the above results, it is concluded that the diffusion of fluorine included in the chemical‐vapor‐deposited tungsten silicide film is one of the causes in degradation of electrical breakdown of the SiO2 film when the chemical‐vapor‐deposited tungsten silicide film was used as a gate electrode in metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuits.
Polymerization of Styrene Sulfonate Ethyl Ester by ATRP: Synthesis and Characterization of Macromonomers for Suzuki Polycondensation

Macromonomers from SSE were synthesized via ATRP with initiators carrying functional groups that are polymerizable by Suzuki polycondensation. The material obtained had a monomodal molar mass distribution with a polydispersity of 1.3-1.6. The reaction kinetics in bulk and in solution were monitored by in situ 'H NMR spectroscopy. Rate constants and the activation energy for SSE polymerization were determined to be k = 5.5·10 -5 s -1 (DMF, 60°C), 6.6·10 -4 s -1 /1.4·10 -3 s -1 /4.8·10 -3 s -1 (bulk, 45/60/75 °C), E a = 60.1 kJ·mol -1 (bulk). Hydrolysis yielded the corresponding macromonomers of poly(styrene sulfonic acid).
FT-Raman signatures of genomic DNA from plant tissues

The vibrational spectra of eight genomic DNAs from leaf tissues (sword fern (Nephrolepis exaltata L.), chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat.), redwood (Sequoia sempervirens D. Don. Endl.), orchids (Cymbidium × hybrida), common sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and scopolia (Scopolia carniolica Jacq.)) have been analyzed using FT-Raman spectroscopy, in the wavenumber range 500–1800 cm–1.
On the Solid Hydrogen Intercalation in Multilayer Carbohydride-Like Graphane Nanostructures, Relevance to the Storage Applications

In this analytical review, some thermodynamic, physical and nanotechnological aspects of the graphene/graphane problem are considered (in a correlation), relevance to developing a much simpler and efficient method (in comparison with the megabar compression dynamic and static ones) of producing a high-density solid molecular hydrogen carrier. It is achieved by the hydrogen intercalation (at the cost of the hydrogen association energy) in closed multigraphane (carbohydride-like) nanostructures of the megabar strength properties. The limiting density value (0.7±0.2 g/cm3(H2)) of such intercalated high-purity reversible hydrogen carrier corresponds to a megabar compression. The “volumetric” hydrogen capacity is of 0.3±0.1 g/cm3(system), and the “gravimetric” one being ≥ 15 wt %( H2). Such a hydrogen storage nanotechnology can exceed and/or correspond to the known U.S. DOE requirements-targets on the hydrogen on-board storage for 2015 (www.eere.energy.gov /hydrogenandfuelcells), with respect to the hydrogen capacities (0.081 g/cm3(system), 9.0 wt %( H2)), safety, reversibility and purity.
DO3SE modelling of soil moisture to determine ozone flux to European forest trees

Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway Department of Radio & Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
Local Dissolution Phenomena Associated with S Phase ( Al2CuMg ) Particles in Aluminum Alloy 2024‐T3

Second-phase particles in Al-4.4Cu-15Mg-0.6Mn (2024-T3) were characterized by size and chemistry using scanning electron microscopy and associated electron-beam microanalysis methods. It was found that approximately 60% of particles greater than about 0.5 to 0.7 {micro}m were Al{sub 2}CuMg (the S phase). This fraction corresponded to 2.7% of the total surface area. S phase particles appeared to be active with respect to the matrix phase, consistent with open-circuit potentials reported in the literature for Al{sub 2}CuMg. The compound exhibited severe dealloying which resulted in the formation of Cu-rich particle remnants. Some particle remnants remained largely intact and induced pitting at their periphery once ennobled by dealloying. Other particle remnants decomposed into 10 to 100 nm Cu clusters that became detached from the alloy surface and were dispersed by mechanical action of growing corrosion product or solution movement. This observation suggests that nonfaradaic liberation of Cu from corroding 2024-T3 surfaces is possible, and provides one plausible explanation for how Cu can be redistributed across the surface by a pitting process which occurs at potentials that are hundreds of millivolts negative of the reduction potential for Cu.
Analysis of the SPERT-III E-Core Using ANCK Code with the Chord Weighting Method

ANCK/MIDAC is a three-dimensional (3D) code system that has been developed, which couples the 3D nodal kinetic code ANCK and the 3D drift flux thermal-and-hydraulics (T/H) code MIDAC. The adequacy of the ANCK feedback model was confirmed by analysis of the SPERT-III E-core reactivity accident tests. The chord weighting method was adopted in the effective fuel temperature (Teff) calculation model of ANCK and ANCK/MIDAC since it provides results that are in good agreement with those of a Monte Carlo calculation. The adequacy of the Teff model was also confirmed. The calculation results for hot startup and hot standby conditions using the ANCK code showed excellent agreement for the main parameters such as peak power, peak time, and behavior of reactor power. It was also confirmed that the ANCK feedback model with the chord weighting method was applicable to the reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) calculation for the case of 4.8 wt% UO2 core.
Microwave assisted rapid crystallization of Mg-M(III) hydrotalcite where M(III) = Al, Fe or Cr

MgM(III)–carbonate hydrotalcites where M(III) = Al, Fe and Cr were rapidly synthesized through an instantaneous addition method coupled with microwave irradiation. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET specific surface area measurements. Microwave irradiation resulted in a well crystallized material after a short synthesis time (12 min) compared to conventional coprecipitation and aging of the gel (25.5 h). However, the extent of enhancement in crystallinity upon irradiation depended on the nature of the trivalent metal ion. For the Mg–Cr system, microwave irradiation enhanced the crystallinity of the desired hydrotalcite-like phase at the expense of the impurity brucite phase, while the opposite effect was observed with conventional aging. The charged nature of the hydrotalcite network and water molecules present in the interlayer space enables uniform and effective absorption of microwaves, favoring long range ordering.
Formation of hydrogen peroxide by a polyvinyl alcohol degrading enzyme.

There have been much interest in microorganisms which are capable of degrading and utilizing synthetic polymers and in enzymes which catalyze the reactions involved. Micro bial deteriorations of synthetic polymers have so far been reported occasionally, but mech anisms of degradation are obscure in most cases and enzymes responsible for are scarcely studied. In 1973, Suzuki et al.1) have reported that a bacterium, Pseudomonas boreopolis, isolated from soil degrades and assimilates PVA,*l a water soluble synthetic polymer, and that the bacterium produces an inducible enzyme which catalyzes an oxidative and endowise cleavage of PVA molecules. The enzyme, however, has not yet been purified, and neither the natures of the enzyme nor the mechanism of the reaction are elucidated. Another species of pseudomonad bacterium has been isolated from soil in a medium in which PVA serves as the sole carbon source. *2 The bacterium is found to be not identical with P. boreopolis in that it turns the milk medium to alkaline and did not produce acids from some sugars. A PVA degrading enzyme was purified from the culture broth of this organism by the following procedures: ammonium sulfate pre cipitation (0.4 saturation), SP-Sephadex column chromatography (pH 6.5, NaCl-gradient elu tion) and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. *3 The enzyme reaction was performed in 20ml of 0.05M phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) containing
Long-Term Effects of Aluminum Exposure on Nutrient Uptake by Maize Genotypes Differing in Aluminum Resistance

Abstract Genotypic differences in resistance to aluminum (Al) found in many plant species grown in conditions of Al stress seem to include differences in Al-induced inhibition of absorption and utilization of nutrients. Aiming to study the Al effects on nutrient uptake of maize genotypes differing in Al resistance and to check whether differences in mineral nutrition under Al stress correspond with resistance to Al in maize, an experiment involving 10 maize genotypes differing in Al resistance and 2 concentrations of Al (0 and 100 μM Al) was established. Total plant (shoot + root) uptake of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) was determined in maize plants after 14 days of growth in culture solution at the two concentrations of Al. The relative uptake [(uptake at 100 μM Al/uptake at 0 μM Al)×100] of the nutrients studied varied from 22% to 157%, indicating the existence of intraspecific variation for such feature in the presence of Al. Generally, Al had negative effects on the uptake of macro- and micronutrients. Al effects were most pronounced on the uptake of Ca and Mg, with respective reductions of 61% and 72%, when averaged across the 10 genotypes. Among the micronutrients, the most pronounced effects of Al were noted on Mn and Zn. Despite showing significant reductions in uptake of Ca and Mg, the maize genotypes showed a rather variable sensitivity to the Al stress imposed, which was related to their general resistance to Al previously assessed using root length as indicator. Under conditions of Al stress, genotypes more resistant to Al maintained a relatively higher absorption of both Ca and Mg than those more sensitive to Al, suggesting that the ability of a genotype to maintain a less disturbed nutrient uptake under Al stress can be an important component in resistance to Al.
ADSORPTION DRYING OF CORN IN ZEOLITE GRANULES USING A ROTARY DRUM

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of a natural zeolite (chabazite) as the particulate medium for grain drying. The granular zeolite was heated in an electric oven and mixed with grain corn. Drying experiments were conducted in a rotary batch dryer equipped with a computer and a data acquisition and control unit simulating an adiabatic process. Five initial medium temperatures (140, 160, 180, 200, and 220 °C) were used. Drying curves for grain corn and the values of effective diffusivity are reported. The amount of moisture removed and
Modeling of Contact Dryers

Contact drying of stagnant or agitated beds can be reliably described by the penetration model under vacuum or inert conditions. However, the penetration model has disadvantages in the consideration of granular mechanics and statistics due its continuous nature. The fact that such disadvantages can be avoided by discrete approaches is illustrated by application of the discrete element method to the problem of heating of particles in a rotary drum. Important limiting cases are treated, along with conditions for equivalence between continuous and discrete model. Time constants and scaling aspects are addressed and opportunities of combined product and process engineering are pointed out.
Heterocyclic polyimides containing siloxane groups in the main chain

BACKGROUND: Among the polymers widely studied for applications in advanced techniques, aromatic polyimides have received considerable attention due to their outstanding thermal stability associated with good electrical and mechanical properties. However, these polymers are usually difficult to process, being insoluble and without a glass transition. To improve the processing characteristics of polyimides, modification of their structure is often achieved by the introduction of flexible linkages in the macromolecular chain or various substituents on the aromatic rings. RESULTS: A series of polyimides and intermediate polyamidic acids were synthesized from aromatic oxadiazole-diamines and a dianhydride containing a siloxane bridge (R2SiOSiR2). These polymers exhibit good solubility in certain organic solvents and can be cast into thin and very thin films from their solutions. They exhibit high thermal stability with decomposition being above 440 °C and relatively low glass transition temperatures in the range 160–190 °C. These polymers show strong photoluminescence in the blue spectral region. CONCLUSION: The introduction of oxadiazole rings together with siloxane groups into the chains of aromatic polyimides gives highly thermostable polymers with remarkable solubility and film-forming ability and that emit blue light, being attractive for applications in micro- and nanoelectronics and other related advanced fields. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
POLYMORPHISM OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE IN PRESENCE OF ADDITIVES, IN BLENDS AND IN COMPOSITES

This article is an overview of our investigations of polymorphism in isotactic polypropylene. We suggest the reason for the formation of different forms is perturbations in the mobility of the chains during crystallization. In this work, we try to prove this hypothesis considering the influence of the presence of small organic compounds or external forces, like an electric field, on the process of crystallization. We also analyzed the formation of the polymorphic forms in polypropylene blends and in composites with natural fibers. It was found that in the composites with natural fibers the hexagonal form arises when the fibers are in motion in relation to the polymeric matrix.
Electrochemically Induced Phase Transformation in Nanoscale Olivines Li1−xMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn)

The phase stability and phase transformation kinetics of Li1−xMPO4 olivines are critical to their performance as lithium storage electrodes. In this work, nanoscale (<100 nm primary particle size) Li1−xFePO4 and Li1−xMnPO4 are chosen as model systems for comparison with a coarser-grained LiFePO4 that exhibits a conventional two-phase reaction. The nanoscale materials first exhibit time and state-of-charge dependences of the electrochemical potential and structural parameters which show that stable two-phase coexistence is not reached. The evolution of structural parameters supports the existence of a coherency stress influenced crystal−crystal transformation. However, an additional response, the preferential formation of amorphous phase at nanosize scale, is identified. In Li1−xFePO4, at 34 nm average particle size, at least one amorphous phase of varying Li content coexists with the crystalline phases. In Li1−xMnPO4 of 78 nm particle size, the electrochemically formed delithiated phase is highly disorder.
Experiential Pedagogy for Study Abroad: Educating for Global Citizenship

At the start of the 21st century, one of the most prominent features of our time is globalization, which has led to a greater sense of interconnectedness than ever known before. Yet the prevalence of violence and acts of terror around the globe have also heightened people’s awareness of our differences and our need to understand each other in order to overcome the great challenges which face us all with regard to health, environmental sustainability, and violence. In light of recent world events, the words of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. continue to ring true: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny” (King, p. 79). Over the past thirty years, educators throughout the world have tried to help students understand our interconnectedness and to help weave a garment of global awareness and mutuality by building international bridges of understanding through the promotion of study abroad. We are now living in an unprecedented era of study abroad. Worldwide estimates extrapolated from UNESCO statistics suggest that almost 2 million students studied abroad as of the year 2000 (Altbach and Teicher, 2001). According to the 2001 Open Doors data, the number of international students enrolled in colleges and universities in the United
Performance of Sectors’ Export and Their Effects on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: (Disaggregate Approach)

In numerous trade theories; economist argue export orientation boosts total productivity and output growth through its sympathetic effect on the efficiency of resource allocation, capacity utilization, economies of scale and technological advancement. But some other state that the effects of export varies country to country and items to items depending on the level of development. Having these and others arguments in mind, the performance as well as the short run and long run effects of disaggregate export on Ethiopian economic growth mainly designed in advance. To this end, the 41 years data has been collected from different sources and analyzed using both descriptive and econometric techniques. The findings of descriptive analysis reveal the performance of agriculture and service exports have been improved in amid 1992/93 and 2014/15. In particular it is portrayed that the unprecedented service export has been leading the export sector throughout post reform period. Conversely, with minor improvement; the performance industry export has been poor throughout the study period. Likewise the result of VECM model reveals; in the long run all sectors’ export significantly affect economic growth and in the short run their individual contribution is insignificant to the economy. In sum albeit the short run contribution of each disaggregate export to economic growth is insignificant, since their donation is significant in the long run; indispensible measure should be taken to develop export in general and each disaggregate export in particular. Key words : disaggregate export, economic growth and VECM model JEL Code T07 DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-11-05 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Composition, liquid leakage, and mechanical properties of farmed rainbow trout: Variation between fillet sections and the impact of ice and frozen storage

: Variation in quality characteristics within rainbow trout fillets, and changes in liquid leakage (LL) and mechanical properties during ice or frozen storage was studied. Fat, water, protein, and ash content, determined in frozen thawed samples, varied significantly among fillet sections. LL increased in the cranial-caudal direction, and it was highest following freezing. Dorsally, compression and puncturing resistance increased towards the tail (raw and baked), but puncture resistance of raw fillets was highest in the belly flap. The results indicated pronounced softening of the tail-half upon freezing. It is suggested that sectioning of trout fillets for different products or markets may improve utilization of intrinsic quality characteristics.