Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prehistoric Water Wells on the Southern High Plains: Clues to Altithermal Climate

Abstract Prehistoric water wells were recently discovered at the Mustang Springs site (41 MT 2), along Mustang Draw on the southern Llano Estacado in west Texas. Associated radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dates indicate these features were dug approximately 5000 b.p. (radiocarbon years). The dates help bracket the age of well-digging on the southern High Plains, which is known from only two other sites: Blackwater Locality No.1 and Rattlesnake Draw, both in New Mexico. The presence of water wells, along with stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence, indicates a period of lowered water tables and extreme aridity, perhaps the regional manifestation of the Altithermal climatic stage. This episode of climatic stress must have had a significant impact on human adaptation to the southern High Plains during the middle Holocene, particularly given its effects on bison populations, the animal species on which the human groups depended. Bison populations appear to have been greatly reduced at this time, as a .
Probing interfacial electrochemistry by in situ atomic force microscope for battery characterization

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage industries. An understanding of the reaction processes and degradation mechanism in LIBs is crucial for optimizing their performance. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a surface‐sensitive tool has been applied in the real‐time monitoring of the interfacial processes within lithium batteries. Here, we reviewed the recent progress of the application of in situ AFM for battery characterizations, including LIBs, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries. We summarized advances in the in situ AFM for recording electrode/electrolyte interface, mechanical properties, morphological changes, and surface evolution. Future directions of in situ AFM for the development of lithium batteries were also discussed in this review.
On the relationship between the large‐scale property variations and fine structure in the Circumpolar Deep Water

Volumetric analysis is used to quantify the observed changes in the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) potential temperature/salinity relationship along the axis of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. A marked increase occurs in the CDW potential temperatures and salinities in the South Atlantic. However, the vertical density distribution is not significantly affected: The volume of water in the deep water density class intervals remains virtually unchanged. Lateral mixing with the warmer and saltier North Atlantic Deep Waters (NADW) and the colder and fresher Antarctic deep waters appears responsible for this change. Temperature and salinity inversions have been observed on continuous salinity-temperature-depth soundings in much of the South Atlantic. This fine structure, presumably the signature of lateral mixing and not of internal wave origin, is particularly evident in the southwestern Argentine Basin, where 0.5°C temperature inversions with 50–200 m vertical scales are found at the depth of the NADW/CDW confluence, between 1500 and 2500 m. To quantify the intensity of the fine structure the temperature-gradient variance in the 32–256 m vertical wavelength band is calculated for data from the southwest Argentine Basin the Drake Passage, Scotia Sea, the central and eastern Atlantic, and the southwest Indian Ocean. The largest variance levels occur in the Argentine Basin, the smallest in the Drake Passage, while those in the central Atlantic are intermediate. The temperature-gradient variance data from the Argentine Basin are then used to estimate the lateral temperature flux in the NADW/CDW confluence with a statistical model developed by Joyce (1977). The calculated quantities are small; the lateral temperature flux is of the order of 4 × 10−4°C m s−1 and the lateral diffusivity of order 40 m2 s−1. The data are also used to calculate heat flux divergences. The close agreement between the heat flux divergence calculated from the temperature changes of the CDW core and the divergence calculated with the fine structure data suggest that lateral mixing accounts for the large-scale property changes observed in the CDW core.
Actor-Critic Methods for IRS Design in Correlated Channel Environments: A Closer Look Into the Neural Tangent Kernel of the Critic

The article studies the design of an Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) in order to support a Multiple-Input-Single-Output (MISO) communication system operating in a mobile, spatiotemporally correlated channel environment. The design objective is to maximize the expected sum of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at the receiver over an infinite time horizon. The problem formulation gives rise to a Markov Decision Process (MDP). We propose an actor-critic algorithm for continuous control that accounts for both channel correlations and destination motion by constructing the state of the Reinforcement Learning algorithm to include history of destination positions and IRS phases. To account for the variability of the underlying value function, arising due to the channel variability, we propose to pre-process the input of the critic with a Fourier kernel, which enables stability in the process of neural value approximation. We also examine the use of the destination SNR as a component of the designed MDP state, which constitutes common practice in previous works. We empirically show that, when the channels are spatiotemporally varying, including the SNR in the state representation causes divergence. We provide insight on the aforementioned divergence by demonstrating the effect of the SNR inclusion on the Neural Tangent Kernel of the critic network. Based on our study, we propose a framework for designing actor-critic methods for IRS design and also for more general problems, that is predicated upon sufficient conditions of the critic's Neural Tangent Kernel for convergence under neural value learning.
Inscrutability Versus Privacy and Automation Versus Labor in Human-Centered AI: Approaching Ethical Paradoxes and Directions for Research

From an analysis of ethical paradoxes based on the inscrutability feature of AI algorithms and resulting from recent advances in this field, this paper emphasizes the pressingness of dedicating research to the potential consequences on societal organization and interactions. With reference to Critical Theory that needs to be recombined with other socio-technical theories, new perspectives on future research is offered and discussed in light of privacy and labor market, their mutual influence as well as limitations.
The protracted development of focused magmatic intrusion during continental rifting

The transition from mechanical thinning toward focused magmatic intrusion during continental rifting is poorly constrained; the tectonically active Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) provides an ideal study locale to address this issue. The presence of linear magmatic‐tectonic belts in the relatively immature central MER may indicate that the transition from mechanical to magmatic rifting is more spatially distributed and temporally protracted than has previously been assumed. Here we examine lava geochemistry and vent distribution of a Pliocene‐Quaternary linear magmatic chain along the western margin of the central MER—the Akaki Magmatic Zone. Our results show limited variability in parental magma that evolve in a complex polybaric fractionation system that has not changed significantly over the past 3 Ma. Our results suggest the following: (1) channeling of plume material and the localization of shear‐ or topography‐induced porosity modulates melt intrusion into the continental lithosphere. (2) Pre‐existing lithospheric structures may act as catalysts for intrusion of magmas into the lithospheric mantle. (3) The midcrustal to upper crustal strain regime dictates the surface orientation of volcanic vents. Therefore, although linear magmatic belts like those in the central MER may young progressively toward the rift axis and superficially resemble oceanic style magmatism, they actually represent prebreakup magmatism on continental crust. The oldest linear magmatic belts observed seismically and magnetically at the edge of the ocean basins thus may not, as is often assumed, actually mark the onset of seafloor spreading.
Comparison Between the Effect of Open and Closed Tracheal Suction Systems on Physiological Parameters of Critically Ill Patients

1.ABSTRACT Background: Endotracheal suctioning is one of the fundamental procedures practiced in intensive care units. There are two methods used for suctioning: open and closed suction systems. There is a debate in the literature regarding which suctioning method has a positive impact on the hemodynamic state of critically ill patients (CIPs). Aim : This study aimed to compare the effect of open and closed tracheal suction systems on physiological parameters of CIPs. Method : A quasi-experimental design was used to conduct the present study in two intensive care units allocated in the Specialized Medical Hospital, at Mansoura University. A sample of 94 patients was enrolled in this study and was randomly assigned to the closed suction group (n = 47) and the open suction group (n = 47). Data were collected using the patients ’ physiological parameters assessment tool. Results : The findings showed no statistically significant differences between the two suctioning methods except for the diastolic blood pressure ( P= 0.049). A slight improvement in patients’ physiological parameters was noticed after closed suctioning. Conclusion and Recommendations: The open and closed suction systems are considered efficient methods for suctioning the secretion of CIPs. This study highlights the need for further research with a large sample in different clinical settings to contribute to the body of knowledge and evidence related to endotracheal suction
Pleistocene ice-proximal glaciomarine sediments in boreholes from the Hebrides Shelf and Wyville-Thomson Ridge, NW UK Continental Shelf

Synopsis Pleistocene sediments recovered in boreholes from the Hebrides Shelf and Wyville–Thomson Ridge indicate ice-proximal glaciomarine deposition in an outer shelf setting. The sediments are predominantly diamicts and in vertical profile display a general upward-fining trend. The lower part of the succession is characterised by a coarse, crudely stratified-to-massive, clast and matrix-supported diamict assemblage which is interpreted as an amalgamated sequence of debris flows. The upper part consists of finer, massive, matrix-supported diamicts deposited mainly from suspension but with a subsidiary input of ice-rafted material. Thin interbedded lag gravels and sandy sediment gravity flows form a minor component of the succession. This kind of succession is usually associated with a stationary or slowly retreating tidewater ice margin. The morphology of the outer shelf is characterised by a relict glaciated terrain; the sedimentary succession suggests that this is of submarine origin. These data indicate that at some time during the Pleistocene an ice-sheet extended out to the edge of the northern Hebrides Shelf and partly onto the Wyville-Thomson Ridge. The age of this glaciation is unknown but probably pre-dates the last Scottish ice-sheet (Late Devensian/Late Weichselian)
Caracterização do regime de evapotanspiração real, em escala decendial, no estado de São Paulo

ChaRaCteRization of the aCtual evaPotRansPiRation seRies, in a ten-day PeRiod, in the state of sao P aulo-BRazil. The scientific analysis of drought is directly associated with the meteorological characteristics of a given area. Therefore, the climate characterization of that area is the first step to be pursued by a study of drought. Considering agricultural drought as a deficit between the estimated actual evapotranspiration over a period and the expected value for the period under evaluation, the aim of this study was to analyze four different types of probability density function (normal, log-normal, gamma and beta). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the tack of the ETR series, in a ten-day period to the above-mentioned theoretical distributions. Air temperature and precipitation data of 13 locations of the State were used to calculate the climate water balance. Beta distribution has proved the best adjustment compared with the others, and is recommended as a basis for an agricultural standardized drought index. Keywords: climate characterization, agricultural drought, and probability density function.
Effect of Implementing Quality of Nursing Care Intervention on Nurses’ performance Regarding Prevention of Decubitus Ulcer at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

: Decubitus ulcer is described as localized injury of the skin as well as underlying soft tissue particularly on the bony parts. It is an important issue for professional care that affects pediatric critical care units frequently. Implementation of quality of nursing care intervention for health care professional is considered one of the key elements in preventing decubitus ulcers. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing quality of nursing care intervention on nurses’ performance regarding prevention of decubitus ulcer at pediatric intensive care unit. Research design: A quasi experimental research design was used. The subjects: A convenience sampling of twenty-six nurses from Tanta Main University Hospital and twenty-four nurses from International Educational Hospital at Tanta University. Three Tools were used: Structured interviewing schedule, Decubitus ulcer risk assessment using the Braden Q Risk Assessment Scale and Decubitus ulcer prevention observational checklist. Results: there was a statistical significant difference regarding nurses' practice between before and after quality of nursing care intervention implementation. Conclusion: performance of the nurses has significantly improved after the implementation of quality of nursing care intervention in relation to prevention of decubitus ulcer at pediatric intensive care unit. Recommendations: Pediatric nurses should be stay current about knowledge and practice regarding measures of prevention of decubitus ulcer through workshops and training which provide the nurses with a power to utilize preventive measures of decubitus ulcer in workplaces.
Chromatographic Analyses of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Mechanism of Its Protective Effects against Experimental Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in Rats

Background and Objectives: Obesity is currently a major health problem due to fatty acid accumulation and excess intake of energy, which leads to an increase in oxidative stress, particularly in the liver. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of spirulina (SP) against cafeteria diet (CD)-induced obesity, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups and received daily treatments for eight weeks as follows: control group fed a standard diet (SD 360 g/d); cafeteria diet group (CD 360 g/d); spirulina group (SP 500 mg/kg); and CD + SP group (500 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) according to body weight (b.w.) per oral (p.o.). Results: Our results show that treatment with a CD increased the weights of the body, liver, and abdominal fat. Additionally, severe hepatic alteration, disturbances in the metabolic parameters of serum, and lipotoxicity associated with oxidative stress in response to the CD-induced obesity were observed. However, SP treatment significantly reduced the liver alteration of CD feed and lipid profile disorder associated with obesity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that spirulina has a marked potential therapeutic effect against obesity and mitigates disturbances in liver function parameters, histological alterations, and oxidative stress status.
Comparison of Fracture Resistance between Different Treatment Modalities of Mutilated Endodontically Treated Teeth Using Polyether Ether Ketone.

AIM To compare fracture resistance of multiple treatment modalities intended for mutilated teeth using polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and zirconia materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was divided into four groups according to treatment modality adopted (n = 14): fiber post (F), Nayyar core (N), endocrown (E), and Richmond crown (R). Each group was further subdivided into two groups (n = 7) according to the type of material used: zirconia (Z) and PEEK (P). Using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, restorations were constructed from both materials following tested treatment options and manufacturer direction. Finished restorations were then tried, seated, and cemented to their corresponding acrylic teeth. All specimens were tested for fracture resistance in universal testing machine with cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min speed until failure, which was confirmed by a sudden drop in the measurements of the testing machine. Results were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Shapiro-Wilk normality tests were considered to evaluate the normality of the data distributions. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis was conducted to analyze the fracture resistance significant differences. RESULTS Descriptive statistics of the restoration material revealed statistically a higher mean value for PEEK material (3609 ± 188.1) than zirconia (2404 ± 425.6). One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between zirconia group (p < 0.0001). Regarding zirconia group statistical significance was detected between fiber post vs endocrown (p = 0.0299), fiber post vs Richmond crown (p < 0.0001), and Nayyar core vs Richmond crown (p = 0.0004). However, there was no statistically significant difference between PEEK group (P = 0.1614). CONCLUSION Polyether ether ketone could present a reliable treatment option in endodontically treated teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Using one-piece Richmond crowns constructed of PEEK could present a viable treatment option against conventional treatment options of root canal treatment (RCT) single-rooted teeth.
The Effect of Holder Pasteurization and Different Variants on Breast Milk Antioxidants

Background: After birth, breast milk (BM) is a known essential source of antioxidants for infants. We analyzed the non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and glutathione, calcium, transferrin, and total protein levels of human breast milk before and after Holder pasteurization (HoP). Methods: The collected donor BM samples were pasteurized with HoP. Results: HoP decreased TAC (−12.6%), ORAC (−12.1%), transferrin (−98.3%), and total protein (−21.4%) levels; HoP did not influence the glutathione concentration, and it increased the total calcium (+25.5%) concentration. Mothers who gave birth via Cesarean section had significantly lower TAC in their BM. TAC and glutathione levels were elevated in the BM of mothers over the age of 30. BM produced in the summer had higher glutathione and calcium levels compared to BM produced in the winter. The glutathione concentration in term milk samples was significantly higher in the first two months of lactation compared to the period between the third and sixth months. The transferrin level of BM for female infants was significantly higher than the BM for boys, and mothers with a BMI above 30 had increased transferrin in their samples. Conclusions: Antioxidant levels in human milk are influenced by numerous factors. Environmental and maternal factors, the postpartum age at breast milk collection, and Holder pasteurization of the milk influence the antioxidant intake of the infant.
Monitoring of soil transmitted helminth (STH) Helminthiasis on school-age children in final garbage dump, Bantar Gebang, East Bekasi

The prevalence of helminthiasis in West Java is 13.9%, but there is no data on STH helminthiasis on school-age children in the final garbage dump (FGD), Bantar Gebang, East Bekasi, Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor STH helminthiasis on school-age children living around FGD. This study aims to determine the description of helminthiasis on school-age children who live in the FGD Bantar Gebang, Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study consisted of 79 stool children aged 5-9 years, 5 g of fly vectors from wet, dry, and soil were taken from 36 locations around the FGD. STH examination on stool, flies, and soil samples was carried out using the native, Harada Mori, flotation, and sedimentation methods. All data were analyzed using a descriptive approach to determine the percentage of the incidence of STH. The results of this study, among others, from 79 children there were six (7.60%) children infected with STH with the genus or species Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura. As for the 18 points of soil extraction, there were 12 (66.7%) positive points containing hookworm larvae, while the flies found were more dominant in Musca domestica than Chrysomya sp. with worm parasites attached to the fly's body are Ascaris lumbricoides, Diphyllobothrium latum. Enterobius vermicularis, hookworm, Hymenolepis sp. , Schistosoma sp. , Trichuris trichiura. The conclusion of this study is percentage incidence of STH helminthiasis on school-age children living in FGD Bantar Gebang is 7.60% which is in the low category.
Descriptive study of the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder and brachium in kinkajou (Potos flavus) and an evolutionary analysis within the suborder Caniformia

Abstract The kinkajou (Potos flavus) is a carnivoran of the suborder Caniformia and the family Procyonidae, inhabiting regions throughout Central and South America. Potos flavus has arboreal preferences and exhibits unique anatomical adaptations that facilitate movement within trees. Its pelvic limbs enable hindfoot reversal, while its thoracic limbs possess remarkable prehensile capabilities. Previous anatomical studies in Potos flavus have presented discrepancies in the description of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive anatomical description of these muscles in five specimens. The findings are compared with descriptions reported for other caniforms. The application of the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm aids in identifying relationships among caniforms based on the presence or absence of specific muscles. Our analysis reveals several key differences, including the presence of a biceps brachii with two capita (longum and breve), two coracobrachiales muscles (longus and brevis), a tensor fasciae antebrachii with two distinct parts (cranialis and caudalis), and an anconeus medialis. The caput breve of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis longus muscles are absent in some individuals, with prevalence rates of 10% and 20%, respectively. One specimen exhibited an accessory caput laterale of the m. triceps brachii bilaterally. The comparative analysis suggests that the shoulder and brachial muscles of Potos flavus share more similarities with those of Ailurus fulgens and ursids of the genera Ursus and Tremarctos. These findings suggest the retention of muscles that may have been present in the common ancestor of the infraorder Arctoidea.