Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Mechanisms Study of Engeletin Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Inhibits Ovariectomized Murine Model Bone Loss

Objective Osteoclastogenesis, the process of osteoclast differentiation, plays a critical role in bone homeostasis. Overexpression of osteoclastogenesis can lead to pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis and osteolysis. This study aims to investigate the role of Engelitin in the process of RAW264.7 cell differentiation into osteoclasts induced by RANKL, as well as in a mouse model of bone loss following ovariectomy. Methods We used RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells as an in vitro osteoclast differentiation model. The effects of Eng on morphological changes during osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using TRAP and F-actin staining. The effects of Eng on the molecular level of osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using Western blot and q-PCR. The level of reactive oxygen species was evaluated using the DCFH-DA staining method. We then used ovariectomized mice as a bone loss animal model. The effects of Eng on changes in bone loss in vivo were evaluated using micro-CT and histological analysis staining. Results In the in vitro experiments, Eng exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclast formation and F-actin formation. At the molecular level, Eng dose-dependently suppressed the expression of specific RNAs (NFATc1, c-Fos, TRAP, Cathepsin K, MMP-9) involved in osteoclast differentiation, and inhibited the phosphorylation of proteins such as IκBα, P65, ERK, JNK, and P38. Additionally, Eng dose-dependently suppressed ROS levels and promoted the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. In the in vivo experiments, Eng improved bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Conclusion Our study found that Eng inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through multiple signaling pathways, including MAPKs, NF-κB, and ROS aggregation. Furthermore, Eng improved bone loss in ovariectomized mice.
Fixed Points and Torsion on Kahler Manifolds

When a 1-parameter group acts by isometries on a Riemannian manifold M, the fixed point set F is nicely behaved. It is known that each component Fo0 of F is a totally geodesic submanifold of M whose dimension has the same parity as the dimension of M (see e.g., S. Kobayashi, Fixed points of isometries, Nagoya Math J., 13 (1958), 63-68). When M is compact Kihler theisometries are holomorphic transformations and the FM are compact Kihler submanifolds (which may reduce to points); in particular, as cycles, these components cannot bound in M. This paper is mainly concerned with the structure of the fixed point set in this Kihlerian case; however, the use of the complex structure is mainly for convenience; our results also hold for the special type of symplectic manifold in which the fundamental exterior 2-form is harmonic. As has been pointed out to us by several people, our situation is equivalent to having a toral group acting complex analytically on a compact Kahler M. Bott [2] has given some important results on the homology of certain homogeneous spaces and the loop space to a group. Our main results, the theorem and corollaries of ? 4 can be considered as direct generalizations of the former (see Corollary 3). Our method yields, at the same time, new proofs of his results. Our proofs are simple applications of another phase of Bott's work, namely his extension of the Morse theory of critical points to functions with "non-degenerate critical manifolds" [3]. The following simple example illustrates the method. Let S2 be the 2-sphere and let '1t be the 1-parameter group of rotations of S2 about the z axis. The fixed (or stationary) set F of (D, consists of the north and south poles, i.e., the places where the velocity vector X vanishes. Now
A numerical study of turbulent heat transfer in rotating rectangular ducts.

The use of cooling channels is very important in high performance electrical generators and high temperature gas turbines . Often these cooling channels rotate about an axis parallel to but displaced from its axis of rotation . Finite difference solutions were made for turbulent flow of air in a rectangular duct of 2/1 aspect ratio, in which the duct wall is subjected to uniform heat flux . The solutions are obtained in both developing and fully developed regions of the duct for various Grashof and Reynolds numbers with a length scale model for turbulence . The results show the effect of rotation on the development of velocity and temperature, flow patterns, heat transfer coefficient and friction factor variations . Large increases in the heat transfer coefficients with relatively small increases in the S 8 pressure drop were predicted in the Grashof number range 10 to 10 used here . This is a result of centrifugal acceleration, density gradients and Coriolis acceleration caused by the rotational body forces . •f
Classifying Children with ADHD Based on Prefrontal Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy Using Machine Learning

Objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults characterized by cognitive and emotional self-control deficiencies. Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies found significant group differences between ADHD children and healthy controls during cognitive flexibility tasks in several brain regions. This study aims to apply a machine learning approach to identify medication-naive ADHD patients and healthy control (HC) groups using task-based fNIRS data. Methods fNIRS signals from 33 ADHD children and 39 HC during the Stroop task were analyzed. In addition, regularized linear discriminant analysis (RLDA) was used to identify ADHD individuals from healthy controls, and classification performance was evaluated. Results We found that participants can be correctly classified in RLDA leave-one-out cross validation, with a sensitivity of 0.67, specificity of 0.93, and accuracy of 0.82. Conclusion RLDA using only fNIRS data can effectively discriminate children with ADHD from HC. This study suggests the potential utility of the fNIRS signal as a diagnostic biomarker for ADHD children.
Nanoscale mass measurement based on suspended graphene

A highly sensitive nanoscale mass sensor was developed for weight measurement of single microparticles using a suspended graphene structure. The sensor is composed of an array of holes covered with suspended monolayer graphene. Based on the shift of the 2D Raman peak in graphene, originating from the elongation of carbon–carbon bonds under pressure, the mass of microparticles in suspended graphene can be measured. The results show that the sensor can detect microparticles with mass ranging from 0.1 ng to 3 ng. The peak shift ratio is −69.8 cm−1 per 1% strain for the experimental value and −72.3 cm−1 per 1% strain for the calculated value. The demonstrated concept presents a promising path for nano-mass measurement applications.
Structure And Similarity In Vision

Converging evidence from anatomical studies (Maunsell and van Essen, 1983) and functional analyses (Hubel and Wiesel, 1968) of the nervous system suggests that the feed-forward pathway of the mammalian perceptual system follows a largely hierarchic organization scheme. This may be because hierarchic structures are intrinsically more viable and thus more likely to evolve (Simon, 1973, 2002). But it may also be because objects in our environment have a hierarchic structure and the perceptual system has evolved to match it. We conducted a behavioral experiment to investigate the effect of the degree of hierarchy of the generative probabilistic structure in categorization. We generated one set of stimuli using a hierarchic underlying probability distribution, and another set according to a non-hierarchic one. Participants were instructed to categorize these images into one of the two possible categories a. Our results suggest that participants perform more accurately in the case of hierarchically structured stimuli1. 2.1 Regarding Hierarchies The anatomy of the primate visual system suggests that the retinal input progresses through several stages of processing that form an approximate hierarchy. In the visual system, a large number of photoreceptors project to one ganglion cell, several of which converge onto a single LGN cell; then come the cortical areas V1, V2, IT, etc. (Kaiser and Hilgetag, 2010; Modha and Singh, 2010). 1This chapter is based on an article co-authored with David Field and Shimon Edelman (Shahbazi, Field, and Edelman, 2011).
Board Gender Diversity and Firm Performance: Evidence from Family-Owned Firms in India

This study investigates the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) on firm performance (FP) for family-owned Indian firms. To do so, this study selects a sample of the 75 top-listed family-owned firms for a period of 5 years. For empirical analysis, the study used appropriate panel data models. For robustness, the three-stage least square (3SLS) model was used. The findings obtained from panel data models reveal a significant positive impact of BGD in terms of its different measures on FP after controlling corporate governance and firm-specific characteristics. Such results are further substantiated through the 3SLS model. This study provides novel evidence on the impact of BGD in terms of its diverse constructive measures on FP for family-owned firms in the Indian context, thereby extending the ongoing debate about the outcomes of the mandatory gender quota on board for an emerging market.
When Majority Men Respect Minority Women, Groups Communicate Better: A Neurological Exploration

Groups must leverage their members’ diverse knowledge to make optimal decisions. However, the gender composition of a group may affect this ability, particularly because solo status female members (one female grouped with males) are generally allocated lower status than their male counterparts, so their knowledge is more likely to be ignored. Whereas most previous work suggests ways solo status women can increase their status; instead, we propose that groups communicate better when men give their female teammate appropriate respect. We examine this in mixed-gender groups working on a hidden profile task while wearing wireless EEGs to measure live neural activity. We find that groups who solve the problem correctly are more likely to contain majority male members with more approach-oriented mindsets, operationalized as neural alpha asymmetry, as they respect their female teammate more. Thus, we provide evidence that neural activity is partially responsible for whether mixed-gender groups make optimal decisions.
Asymmetric structure of 90 deg. domain walls and interactions with defects in PbTiO3

We investigate the atomistic structure of ferroelastic-ferroelectric 90 degrees domain walls in PbTiO3 with first-principles calculations and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find sharp discontinuities in the variation of lattice parameters across the domain walls. Unexpectedly, the two neighboring domains become asymmetric across the boundary, giving rise to primitive unit cells with large tetragonality ratios (c/a) of the order of 1.11 close to the boundary. The variation of the domain wall structure with respect to strain is demonstrated. We show that oxygen vacancies are attracted to the plane adjacent to the 90 degrees domain wall. The mechanisms of domain wall pinning by oxygen vacancies is explained based on the energy landscape of the vacancies in the presence of the domain interface.
Use of Thermography to Evaluate Alternative Crops for Off-Season in the Cerrado Region

Future predictions due to climate change are of decreases in rainfall and longer drought periods. The search for new tolerant crops is an important strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water stress on the physiology and productivity of crops with potential for growing in the off-season period in the Cerrado, and evaluate correlations with the temperature of the canopy obtained by means of thermography. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, with experimental design in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme and four replications. The plots were: common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus); quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa); and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). The subplots were composed of four water regimes: maximum water regime (WR 535 mm), high-availability regime (WR 410 mm), off-season water regime (WR 304 mm) and severe water regime (WR 187 mm). Under WR 304 mm, the internal concentration of CO2 and photosynthesis were reduced by less than 10% in amaranth. Common bean and buckwheat reduced 85% in photosynthesis. The reduction in water availability increased the canopy temperature in the four crops and, in general, common bean was the most sensitive species, while quinoa had the lowest canopy temperatures. Furthermore, canopy temperature correlated negatively with grain yield, biomass yield and gas exchange across all plant species, thus thermal imaging of the canopy represents a promising tool for monitoring crop productivity for farmers, For the identification of crops with high water use management for research.
Impact of coal prices changes on prices of electricity in South Africa

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of changes in coal prices. Scholars insinuated that the extensive capital requirements of building thermal power stations and coal mines lead to power production costs parachuting beyond the reach of many economic players. These rising costs in coal prices and power production costs, the retail price of electricity has not been adjusted, resulting in many players in this industry incurring losses. This study will use Statistical multiple regression and correlation analysis to test the relationship between two variables, coal price changes being an independent variable and changes in the price of electricity being the dependent variable. The findings show a strong dependence between changes in coal prices and electricity pricing in South Africa. People scrambling to coal mining is a concern since no proper regulations lead to land degradation. Moreover, since NERSA regulates electricity prices, miners are forced to use cheaper methods of extracting coal to keep the costs low.
Person Identification Using Bronchial Breath Sounds Recorded by Mobile Devices

This study examines the use of breath sounds intrusively recorded by mobile devices for person identification (PID), which is referred to as mobile-sensed BreathPID. A custom dataset of breath sounds from 21 volunteers is prepared for investigation and analysis. To overcome the problem of spare training data, we incorporate various audio data augmentation (DA) methods with the self-supervised learning (SSL) approach to train the BreathPID’s learning models. SSL-based models for BreathPID are developed in two phases: firstly, solving proposed pretext task(s) without identity information to effectively learn core characteristics of data; then further finetuning the models on the labeled data for the downstream BreathPID task. Several types of pretext or auxiliary tasks are investigated. First, when considering each DA technique, the pretext task is defined as the detection of augmentation levels, for instance, the levels of noise added to original data samples. When utilizing multiple DA techniques, the identification of DA types is defined as the pretext task. In addition, various issues in developing robust BreathPID systems are taken into consideration, including network design, changes in input length, and the ability of noise resistance. From the experimental results, we find that SSL-based BreathPID with the combined use of four DA techniques (i.e., noise addition, speed changing, time shifting, and spectrogram masking) achieves promising results which are higher than those of SSL-based models using single DA technique and those of typical supervised models. Also, the proposed system shows good resistance to noise effects and changes in the input size. Mobile-sensed BreathPID achieves the equivalent or superior results compared to stethoscope-sensed BreathPID (where breath sounds are sensed using specialty stethoscopes). The proposed approach can be applied to the authentication function or health monitoring applications on mobile devices.
Longitudinal Study of the Occurrence of Usutu Virus and West Nile Virus Infections in Birds in a Zoological Garden in Northern Germany

Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are known to cause diseases and mortalities in bird populations. Since 2010/2011, USUV has circulated in Germany and spread nationwide, while WNV was only introduced into East Germany in 2018. The zoological garden investigated is located in Northern Germany, where USUV infections in wild birds have been detected for several years. In this longitudinal study conducted over a four-year period, zoo birds were sampled biannually and screened for molecular and serological evidence of USUV and WNV. USUV genomes were detected in eight of the sampled birds and whole-genome sequences revealed the circulation of USUV lineages Europe 3 and Africa 3. Of the eight birds infected with USUV during the study period, four died after the infection, while four survived without displaying clinical signs. Furthermore, in a few of the birds, a USUV (re-)infection was confirmed on a serological level with three birds producing USUV-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) over a period of four years. Nonetheless, in two birds sampled throughout this longitudinal study, neither a USUV nor a WNV infection was evident. In 2022, WNV nAbs were detected for the first time in a juvenile zoo bird, indicating the introduction of the virus into this region.
A numerical study on flow and drag phenomena of spheroid bubbles in Newtonian and shear-thinning power-law fluids

Abstract Effects of the Reynolds number, aspect ratio of spheroid bubbles, and power-law behavior index of shear-thinning liquids on the flow and drag behavior of spheroid bubbles are elucidated using a computational fluid dynamics-based numerical solver, ANSYS Fluent 14. The solution methodology is extensively benchmarked via detailed domain and grid independence study and by comparing present results of spherical bubbles in Newtonian and shear-thinning power-law fluids with their literature counterparts. Further extensive new results are reported over a wide range of pertinent conditions as follows: Reynolds number, Re: 1 – 200; aspect ratio of spheroid bubbles, e: 0.5 – 2.5, and power-law behavior index, n: 0.2 – 1. The size of the recirculation wake decreases with decreasing power-law index, and/or with decreasing bubble aspect ratio, and/or with decreasing Reynolds number. For bubbles of aspect ratio e > 1, a crossover Reynolds number is observed with respect to the power-law index, i.e. below the crossover Reynolds number, the drag coefficient of bubble increases with decreasing power-law index; whereas, above the crossover Reynolds number, a reverse trend is observed. Finally, based on the present numerical results, a simple predictive correlation is proposed for the total drag coefficients of spheroid bubbles rising in Newtonian and power law liquids, which can be used in new applications.
Piecewise Linear Modeling for Inrush Safety Regions Detection and Its Validation Through a Preisach Model and Experimental Data

An alternative modeling approach to detect the occurrence of inrush currents in power transformers is discussed. The inrush current phenomenon is affected by the core <italic>residual</italic> magnetization <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J_{r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and voltage source <italic>initial phase</italic>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, through which a region in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J_{r} - \theta _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> plane where inrush currents do not occur (named inrush safety region—ISR) is defined. The approach is founded on the awareness that a fairly accurate description of the inrush process does not require a detailed description of the core magnetization process, leading to the employment of a piecewise linear (PWL) magnetization model, able to detect in a straightforward way the ISR. The main advantage of the approach is to set up a fast algorithm for ISR detection, suitable for real-time control. An accurate model of the transformer, based on a Preisach model (PM) magnetization algorithm has been exploited, along with a suitable set of experimental results allow to confirm the validity of the proposed identification approach.
The role of Diabetes mellitus comorbidity on Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Nepal: A prospective cohort study

Aim: The Objective of this study was to assess the effect of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients in the Central Development Region of Nepal. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in central Nepal. The study population of n=408 was consecutively recruited from treatment centers of all 19 districts of central Nepal. The TB cases (n=306) and TB with DM (n=102) cases were followed up for the estimation of blood glucose level, HbA1c level, and sputum examination on 2, 5, and 6 months after TB treatment started. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was performed to identify the risk ratio among TB and TB with DM cases on treatment outcome. Results: Our study identified that the magnitude of treatment failure among the tuberculosis cases was 19.7% (95% CI: 17.44-21.95). The GEE analysis observed that factors associated with the treatment failure had uncontrolled DM (HbA1C ≥7 %) (adj.RR=5.24, 95% CI: 2.58-10.62, P value <0.001), aged ≥ 45 (adj.RR= 6.13, 95% CI: 2.55-14.76, P value <0.001), had inadequate financial status (adj.RR= 2.33, 95% CI: 1.07-5.06, P value 0.033) and had prior TB (adj.RR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.09-4.97, P value 0.028) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of worsening TB treatment among patients with TB and DM was significantly higher than those who had TB only. Poor glycaemic control, increasing age, inadequate financial status, and previous history of tuberculosis were strong predictors of worsening tuberculosis treatment outcomes.
A Strong Pulsing Nature of Negative Intracloud Dart Leaders Accompanied by Regular Trains of Microsecond‐Scale Pulses

We report the first observations of negative intracloud (IC) dart‐stepped leaders accompanied by regular trains of microsecond‐scale pulses, simultaneously detected by shielded broadband magnetic loop antennas and the radio telescope Low Frequency Array (LOFAR). Four investigated pulse trains occurred during complicated IC flashes on 18 June 2021, when heavy thunderstorms hit the Netherlands. The pulses within the trains are unipolar, a few microseconds wide, and with an average inter‐pulse interval of 5–7 μs. The broadband pulses perfectly match energetic, regularly distributed, and relatively isolated bursts of very high frequency sources localized by LOFAR. All trains were generated by negative dart‐stepped leaders propagating at a lower speed than usual dart leaders. They followed channels of previous leaders occurring within the same flash several tens of milliseconds before the reported observations. The physical mechanism remains unclear as to why we observe dart‐stepped leaders, which show mostly regular stepping, emitting energetic microsecond‐scale pulses.