Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on speech emotion recognition algorithm for unbalanced data set

In speech emotion recognition, most emotional corpora generally have problems such as inconsistent sample length and imbalance of sample categories. Considering these problems, in this paper, a variable length input CRNN deep learning model based on Focal Loss is proposed for speech emotion recognition of anger, happiness, neutrality and sadness in IEMOCAP emotional corpus. In this model, Firstly, a variable-length strategy is introduced to input the speech spectra of the filled speech samples into CNN. Then the effective part of the input sequence is preserved and output by masking matrix and convolution layer. Thirdly, the effective output of input sequence is input into BiGRU network for learning. Finally, the focal loss is used for network training to control and adjust the contribution of various samples to the total loss. Compared with the traditional speech emotion recognition model, simulations show that our method can effectively improve the accuracy and performance of emotion recognition.
Rootstock response of Shiraz (Vitis vinifera) grapevines to dry and drip‐irrigated conditions

The yield and growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz scions grafted onto seven rootstocks were compared with that of own‐rooted vines in a shallow sandy soil that was free of nematodes and phylloxera in the Barossa Valley of South Australia. In the absence of irrigation, own‐rooted vines yielded as much fruit as vines grafted on Ramsey, the highest‐yielding unirrigated rootstock‐scion combination. Scions grafted to the rootstocks 110R, K51–40, 1103P and Freedom yielded poorly without irrigation. The yield and growth of all vines increased significantly when a small volume of irrigation water (40–160 mm/annum) was applied; however, only scions grafted to Ramsey and Freedom rootstock yielded more fruit than own‐rooted vines.
Modeling New Particle Formation During Air Pollution Episodes: Impacts on Aerosol and Cloud Condensation Nuclei

The impact of new particle formation on regional air quality and CCN formation is for the first time explored using the UAM-AERO air quality model. New particles are formed by ternary nucleation of sulfuric acid, ammonia and water; subsequent growth of clusters to large sizes is driven by condensation of sulfuric acid and organic vapors, as described by the recently developed nano-Köhler theory. Application of the model in Athens (GAA) and Marseilles (GMA) reveals higher sulfuric acid condensational sink and gaseous sulfuric acid (hence nucleation rate) for the latter. However, limited quantities of organic vapors in the GMA inhibit the growth of the formed clusters; therefore new particle formation is more efficient in the GAA. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that (1) uncertainty in vaporization enthalpy does not affect organic carbon formed by nucleation, and (2) an accommodation coefficient of unity gives excellent agreement of condensation sink with in-situ observations. Nucleation affects the aerosol size distribution, and can be an important contributor to CCN; locally it can be more important than chemical ageing of pre-existing aerosols.
Response of different moisture regimes and nutrient management on growth, yield and water use efficiency of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Division of Agronomy, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya to study the different moisture regimes and nutrient management on growth, yield and water use efficiency of hybrid rice. Result data revealed that 7 cm irrigation given at 1 day after disappearance of ponded water produced significantly more growth attributes viz., plant height, number of shoots per running meter, leaf area index and drymatter accumulation, yield viz., grain and straw yield and harvest index of hybrid rice. Maximum water use efficiency was recorded with conventional irrigation. Application of 100% RDF of NPK (150: 75 : 60 kg ha-1) through inorganic fertilizers recorded significantly higher plant height, number of shoots per running meter, LAI, drymatter accumulation per plant, grain and straw yield, harvest index and water use efficiency of hybrid rice as compared to rest of the treatments.
Exploring the career thinking of native American engineering students

Recent reports indicate that there are less than 1900 (0.6%) Native American undergraduate and graduate engineering students nationwide (Yoder, 2016). Although Native Americans are underrepresented in the field of engineering, there is very little research that explores the contributing factors. The purpose of our exploratory research is to identify the barriers, supports, and personal strengths that Native American engineering students identify as being influential in developing their career interests and aspirations in engineering. Informed by research in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994, 2000), we conducted an online survey to assess the motivational variables that guide the career thinking and advancement of students preparing to enter the field of engineering. Instrumentation included Mapping Vocational Challenges (Lapan & Turner, 2000, 2009, 2014), Perceptions of Barriers (McWhirter, 1997), the Structured Career Development Inventory (Lapan & Turner, 2006; Turner et al., 2006), the Career-Related Parent Support Scale (Turner, Alliman-Brissett, Lapan, Udipi, & Ergun, 2003), and the Assessment of Campus Climate for Underrepresented Groups (Rankin, 2001), which were used to measure interests, goals, personal strengths and internal and external barriers and supports. interactions with students, faculty, staff, and program expectations of how individuals treat each other) were cooperative, friendly, equitable, and respectful. Study results are interpreted in light of SCCT and recommendations for future research and practice in engineering education are provided.
Non-proliferative adult neurogenesis in neural crest-derived stem cells isolated from human periodontal ligament .

Understanding the sequence of events from undifferentiated stem cells to neuron is not only important for the basic knowledge of stem cell biology, but also for therapeutic applications. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the sequence of biological events occurring during neural differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Here, we show that hPDLSCs-derived neurons display a sequence of morphologic development highly similar to those reported before in primary neuronal cultures derived from rodent brains. We observed that cell proliferation is not present through neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Futhermore, we may have discovered micronuclei movement and transient cell nuclei lobulation coincident to in vitro neurogenesis. Morphological analysis also reveals that neurogenic niches in the adult mouse brain contains cells with nuclear shapes highly similar to those observed during in vitro neurogenesis from hPDLSCs. Our results provide additional evidence that it is possible to differentiate hPDLSCs to neuron and suggest the possibility that the sequence of events from stem cell to neuron does not necessarily requires cell division from stem cell.
CNApp: quantification of genomic copy number alterations in cancer and integrative analysis to unravel clinical implications

Sebastià Franch-Expósito, Laia Bassaganyas, Maria Vila-Casadesús, Eva Hernández-Illán, Roger Esteban-Fabró, Marcos Díaz-Gay, Juan José Lozano, Antoni Castells, Josep M. Llovet, Sergi Castellví-Bel, Jordi Camps 1 Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (08036), Spain 2 Liver Cancer Translational Research Group, Liver Unit, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona (08036), Spain 3 Bioinformatics Unit, CIBEREHD, Barcelona (08036), Spain 4 Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (10029), USA 5 Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona (08036), Spain 6 Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (08193), Spain
The association between reserve, cognitive ability and performance-related brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval across the adult lifespan

Abstract Remembering associations between encoded items and their contextual setting is a feature of episodic memory. Although this ability generally deteriorates with age, there is substantial variability in how older individuals perform on episodic memory tasks. This variability may stem from genetic and/or environmental factors related to reserve, allowing some individuals to compensate for age-related decline through differential recruitment of brain regions. In this fMRI study spanning a large adult lifespan sample (N=154), we used multivariate Behaviour Partial Least Squares (B-PLS) analysis to examine how age, retrieval accuracy, and a proxy measure of reserve (i.e., a composite of years of education and premorbid I.Q.), impacted brain activity patterns during spatial and temporal context encoding and retrieval. We also conducted a secondary B-PLS to explore whether higher cognitive ability was associated with additional compensatory patterns capturing other aspects of reserve not accounted for by our composite measure of education and I.Q. Our results showed that higher reserve did not moderate the effect of age on cognitive ability or context memory, but higher cognitive ability was associated with better context memory performance and with task-specific compensatory responses in ventral visual, temporal, and fronto-parietal regions in advanced age. Additionally, higher reserve was associated with task-general responses in superior temporal, occipital, and inferior frontal regions. These findings suggest that task-specific compensatory responses in the aging brain are modulated by differences in general cognitive ability, which may be related to accumulated reserve, but not by proxy measures of reserve based on premorbid I.Q. and years of education.
Effect of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and inulin supplementation on the performance of calves reared on milk replacer

The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of mannan-oligosaccharides or inulin on HF dairy heifers’ starter feed intake and daily weight gain in farm situations. We measured these parameters across two experiments. In Trial 1 (T1), next to the control group, 15-15 HF heifers received MOS or inulin supplementation from 1st day of age to weaning. The amount of the supplementations changed according the calves’ age and the amount of milk replacer from 12 g to 24 g/calf/day. We measured the individual feed intake daily, the live weight at 0, 14, 21 and 60 days. In the second experiment (T2) we used 30 HF heifers also in three group (Control, MOS, Inulin) but we gave more from the experiment materials (28 g/calf/day MOS or Inulin). We started dosing the supplements with the colostrums feeding, and gave up on 14th day of age. We also measured the individual feed intake daily and the live body weight (BW) at 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days. The treatments in T1 did not cause significant differences in average feed intake, body weight and average daily weight gain. When the calves got the supplementation with colostrum too, the ADWG was significant lower in the group fed inulin than control and group fed MOS (P<0.05). We calculate the ADWG all of the experimental periods. From 0 to 14 day, and from 0 to 56 day the ADWG in inulin group was lower than control group, but the datas of group MOS did not differ from the others. Due to the distribution of the birth weights, the lower ADWG did not manifest in differences in body weight in other points of the experiments. We did not find an interaction between the treatments and the daily feed intake of calves. According with our measurements,
Analysis of a NDSX Process for the Selective Removal of Cd from Phosphoric Acid

In this work an analysis of the separation process of Cd from phosphoric acid by means of nondispersive solvent extraction technology and by using Aliquat 336 as the selective extractant and water as the backextractant solution is presented. Based on the results of a previous literature report for a different type of extractant, experimental planning has been carried out to determine the feasibility of cadmium removal in a continuous process that includes a regeneration step of the extractant to its chloride form. A chemical mechanism for the separation process has been proposed. Analysis of the steady-state results of Cd transport from the feed acidic phase to the stripping phase led to evaluation of the membrane mass transport parameter, K m = 1.76 × 10−8m/s.
LTP Induction Boosts Glutamate Spillover by Driving Withdrawal of Astroglia

Extrasynaptic actions of glutamate are limited by high-affinity transporters on perisynaptic astroglial processes (PAPs), which helps to maintain point-to-point transmission in excitatory circuits. Memory formation in the brain is associated with synaptic remodelling, but how this remodelling affects PAPs and therefore extrasynaptic glutamate actions is poorly understood. Here we used advanced imaging methods, in situ and in vivo, to find that a classical synaptic memory mechanism, long-term potentiation (LTP), triggers withdrawal of PAPs from potentiated synapses. Optical glutamate sensors combined with patch-clamp and 3D molecular localisation reveal that LTP induction thus prompts a spatial retreat of glial glutamate transporters, boosting glutamate spillover and NMDA receptor-mediated inter-synaptic cross-talk. The LTP-triggered PAP withdrawal involves NKCC1 transporters and the actin-controlling protein cofilin but does not depend on major Ca2+-dependent cascades in astrocytes. We have therefore uncovered a mechanism by which synaptic potentiation could alter signal handling by multiple nearby connections.
Drop impact on a superhydrophobic surface with single groove

In this paper, we systematically studied droplets with different velocities impact on grooves with different depths. In the experiment, there are four morphological changes of droplets due to the influence of the impact velocity and the groove depth. Different morphological changes show different spreading characteristics. When the groove depth remains unchanged, the increase of impacting velocity promotes the spreading of droplets in the X (perpendicular to the groove) and Y (parallel to the groove) directions. However, when the impact velocity keeps uniform, the increase of groove depth only promotes the spreading of droplets in the Y direction and has little effect on the maximum spread diameter of the droplet in the X direction. The experimental results also show that the contact time is related to the change of droplet morphology, and their relationship is explained at last.
A THEORETICAL AND WIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF CAPILLARY WATER ON THE ENTRAINMENT OF SEDIMENT BY WIND

A theoretical model of the effect of small amounts of water on the threshold shear velocity of sand grains has been tested in wind-tunnel studies. The model is based upon the capillary forces developed at interparticle contacts surrounded by isolated wedges of water. These forces (Fc) are inversely proportional to moisture tension (P) and directly proportional to the geometric properties of the contacts (G). Giventhe cohesion of the material decreases with increasing moisture tension and particle angularity. The incorporation of this capillary force model into Bagnold's threshold model for dry particles gave a general relation which indicated that the threshold shear velocity of wet particles increases as the square root of the inverse of moisture tension. Laboratory measurement of the soil moisture characteristic curve of any sand therefore provides a simple, though indirect indication, of its susceptibility to entrainment by wind under low moisture conditions. Most sands appear to be exceedingly resista.
Rapid evolution and transformation into quiescence?: ALMA view on z > 6 low-luminosity quasars

Abstract We present ALMA [CII] line and far-infrared (FIR) continuum observations of seven z > 6 low-luminosity quasars (M1450 > −25 mag) discovered by our on-going Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. The [CII] line was detected in all targets with luminosities of ∼(2−10) × 108 L⊙, about one order of magnitude smaller than optically luminous quasars. Also found was a wide scatter of FIR continuum luminosity, ranging from LFIR < 1011L⊙ to ∼2 × 1012L⊙. With the [CII]-based dynamical mass, we suggest that a significant fraction of low-luminosity quasars are located on or even below the local Magorrian relation, particularly at the massive end of the galaxy mass distribution. This is a clear contrast to the previous finding that luminous quasars tend to have overmassive black holes relative to the relation. Our result is expected to show a less-biased nature of the early co-evolution of black holes and their host galaxies.
Iba1+ Microglia Exhibit Morphological Differences between Inferior Colliculus Sub-Regions and Their Abutments onto GAD67+ Somata Reveal Two Novel Sub-types of GABAergic Neuron

Microglia have classically been viewed as the endogenous phagocytes of the brain, however, emerging evidence suggests roles for microglia in the healthy, mature nervous system. We know little of the contribution microglia make to ongoing processing in sensory systems. To explore Iba1+ microglial diversity, we employed the inferior colliculi (IC) as model nuclei, as they are characterized by sub-regions specialized for differing aspects of auditory processing. We conducted fluorescent multi-channel immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy in guinea pigs of both sexes and discovered that the density and morphology of Iba1+ labelling varied between parenchymal sub-regions of IC, while GFAP+ labelling of astrocytes was confined to the glia limitans externa and peri-vascular regions. The density of Iba1+ microglia somata was similar across sub-regions, however a greater amount of labelling was found in dorsal cortex than ventral central nucleus or lateral cortex. To further understand these differences between sub-regions in IC, Sholl and skeleton analyses of individual microglia revealed a greater number of branching ramifications in dorsal cortex. We also quantified abutments of Iba1+ microglial processes onto GAD67+ (putative GABAergic) somata. Cluster analyses revealed two novel sub-types of GAD67+ neuron, which can be distinguished solely based on the quantity of axo-somatic Iba1+ abutments they receive. These data demonstrate Iba1+ microglia exhibit different morphologies and interactions with GAD67+ neurons in distinct sub-regions of the mature, healthy IC. Taken together, these findings suggest significant heterogeneity amongst microglia in the auditory system, possibly related to the ongoing functional demands of their niche.
Technology of simulation modeling by using universal programming languages

The given paper is devoted to the technology of creation of simulation models of systems, which functioning is described by discrete-continuous processes. These are communication networks, queuing systems, business management systems etc. This technology does not require any special modeling languages as the simulation models can be created in any of the universal programming languages. Modeling begins with describing a vector of system state and streams of the basic events, which occur in the system. Then under the certain circuit two parts of the uniform modeling program are created. The basic part-simulation model-directly simulates process of system functioning and while working with a model is not changed. The other part-program of experiment-manages the experiment, carries out data acquisition, processing of imitation results, and provides user interface. The separate blocks of this part of the program can be changed depending on the purposes of the experiment. The offered technology allows to create models of any complexity and to improve them without breaking the general structure of the modeling program.
Organic radicals on surfaces: towards molecular spintronics

The novel and exciting field of molecular spintronics has recently attracted a great deal of interest and promising results have already been reported. The utilisation of organic radicals that could favour spin polarisation and conservation during transport offers new possibilities; however, first a fundamental investigation of these materials, especially those deposited on surfaces, is required. Here we highlight our recent results regarding the functionalisation of surfaces with polychlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radicals following five different strategies in which interactions of different nature are involved (i.e. van der Waals, electrostatic, coordination bond and covalent bond). In all cases, it was proved that the magnetic character of the molecule persists on the surface.
The genetic determinants of the relative expression of alternative 3’UTR isoforms in human

In the last decades, genome wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered tens of thousands of associations between common genetic variants and complex diseases. However, these statistical associations can rarely be interpreted functionally and mechanistically. As the majority of the disease-associated variants are located far from coding sequences, even the relevant gene is often unclear. A way to gain insight into the relevant mechanisms is to study the genetic determinants of intermediate molecular phenotypes, such as gene expression and transcript structure. We propose a computational strategy to discover genetic variants affecting the relative expression of alternative 3’ untranslated region (UTR) isoforms, generated through alternative polyadenylation, a widespread post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism known to have relevant functional consequences. When applied to a large dataset in which whole genome and RNA sequencing data are available for 373 European individuals, 2,530 genes with alternative polyadenylation quantitative trait loci (apaQTL) were identified. We analyze and discuss possible mechanisms of action of these variants, and we show that they are significantly enriched in GWAS hits, in particular those concerning immune-related and neurological disorders. Our results point to an important role for genetically determined alternative polyadenylation in affecting predisposition to complex diseases, and suggest new ways to extract functional information from GWAS data.