Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth Dynamic Factors Controlling Soybean Yield Stability across Plant Populations

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] optimizes yield over a broad range of plant populations because of its ability to increase yield per plant at sparse plant populations. Greater understanding of this response would aid research efforts aimed at achieving optimal plant population (minimal plant population required for best yield). The objective of this study was to determine the growth dynamic factors responsible for yield compensation across a range of plant populations. Soybean cultivar Delta Pine 415 (Maturity Group V) was planted at an optimal date during 1994 and 1995 at low (70 000 plants ha -1 ), medium (164 000 plants ha -1 , mediumlhigh (189 000 plants ha -1 ), and high (234 000 plants ha -1 ) plant populations on a Commerce silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic Aeric, Fluvaquents) near Baton Rouge, LA. Increasing plant population by 234% from low to high treatments resulted in only a 9% yield increase. This yield stability resulted from equilibration of crop growth rate and total dry matter per square meter across populations by R1 and significantly greater (P < 0.05) dry matter partitioning into branch dry matter per square meter (14.8% in the low population and 9.9% in the high population). Consequently, similar branch dry matter per square meter and pod number per square meter occurred across populations. Equilibration of crop growth rate and total dry matter per square meter by R1 across populations was aided by greater light interception efficiency and net assimilation rate in the low vs. higher populations during the vegetative and early reproductive periods. In conclusion, similar yields may result as plant population declines through maintenance of crop growth rate during the early reproductive period and greater dry matter partitioning into branch dry matter per square meter.
Mating behaviour of Trichouropoda ovalis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Trematuridae) with notes on phylogeny of reproductive biology in the Parasitiformes

Reproductive biology of mites is diverse and of phylogenetic importance. Here, we describe the mating phases of Trichouropoda ovalis (C.L. Koch, 1839) and discuss them in the context of known mating sequences of Parasitiformes. Mites were observed using IP (internet protocol) video camera. We identified six phases of mating in T. ovalis. In T. ovalis we found that: (1) mating initiation, formation of spermatophore, and transfer using male’s chelicerae, were similar to that described for other Parasitiformes; (2) similar to most of the parasitiform mites, specimens assumed venter-to-venter position during mating. Then their bodies were repositioned and ventral sides were set up at an angle to provide sufficient space for growing of the spermatophore, as found only in one uropodine species so far; (3) time of spermatophore formation was considerably shorter than in other uropodine taxa, but similar to some of other parasitiform mites studied up to now; (4) time of spermatophore transfer and semen uptake time (sperm pumping) were shorter, compared to other Uropodina studied till now; and (5) semen uptake mechanism differed from other uropodine taxa because of use of ventral side pressing of both mating specimens, while other Uropodina use epigynial movements or palps/chelicerae during sperm pumping. The use of unspecialized chelicerae during spermatophore transfer in Uropodina was confirmed, which suggests that this behaviour is a plesiomorphic character of Parasitiformes.
Distribution of T cells in the endometrium of the mare 6 and 48 h after insemination

Contents In order to study the T-cell response after the introduction of semen into the uterine cavity, the distribution of helper T cells (CD4+) and cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (CD8+) was examined immunohistochemically in endometrial biopsy specimens. Endometrial tissue samples were obtained from 19 gynaecologically healthy mares during oestrus, both before and 6 or 48 h after deposition of a single dose of neat stallion semen. An increase (p = 0.04) in the numbers of helper T cells (CD4+) was observed at 6 h after insemination; thereafter the number of CD4+ cells decreased to pre-insemination values by 48 h after insemination. No significant variations in numbers of CD8+ cells were recorded either 6 or 48 h after insemination. There seems to be an early (6 h), recruitment of helper T cells into the equine endometrium after semen deposition, which might be related to the activation of the endometritis-like reaction seen as part of the equine uterine immune defence system during oestrus.
Women’s Political Representation and Educational Attainments: A District-level Analysis in India

This paper has three major objectives: (1) to analyse whether the gender of politicians in India is relevant to the educational achievements of the residents of the districts in which they were elected; (2) to test whether politicians are more sensitive to the needs of the people of same gender and (3) to explore the potential channels through which the above relationships operate. By applying econometric techniques to a dataset obtained by merging individual with district-level political data, we concluded that an increase by 10 percentage points in women’s political representation produces an increase by 6 percentage points in the probability of children completing primary school. We then found gender-differentiated results: women’s political representation affects significantly more girls’ than boys’ education. This relationship works partly through the improvement of women’s access to educational programmes like the Mid-Day Meal scheme, while an increase in school infrastructures does not appear to be an important mediating factor. While an in-depth understanding of the pathways through which women’s representation in politics impacts on children’s education is hindered by data constraints, our findings seem to point to the importance of the ‘role model’ effect.
Influence of cultivar and cutting date on the fatty acid composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of cultivar and season on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the lipids of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Eight diploid cultivars were cut at the same target yield of approximately 2000 kg dry matter ha(-1) between mid-June and mid-September. Two cultivars (Barlet and Magella) were harvested during four 2-week periods and six cultivars (AberGold, Respect, Agri, Herbie, Barezane and Barnhem; cultivars 1-6) during three periods. The concentrations of individual FA were determined by gas chromatography. Barlet had higher concentrations of linolenic acid (C18:3) than Magella, but lower concentrations of linoleic acid (C18:2). Cultivars 1-6 were more variable in their leaf blade and stem proportions than Barlet and Magella. Despite this, there was no difference between cultivars 1-6 in the FA composition of the herbage. On average 0.74 of the FA consisted of C18:3. Higher concentrations of total FA were found in mid-summer than in early summer. This was related to a high leaf blade proportion in the herbage, indicating that the proportion of leaf and stem of the herbage probably had more effect on lipid concentrations than the season per se in this period. However, in late August and mid-September, the total FA concentration declined whereas the leaf blade proportion increased. Therefore, in this period environmental factors appeared to have a modifying effect. As consistent differences in the concentration of C18:3 were found among cultivars Barlet and Magella throughout the season, these studies demonstrate opportunities to change the composition of ruminant products through the choice of cultivars of perennial ryegrass.
Sex- and Gender-Based Medicine in Pediatrics

The goal of gender medicine is to recognize and analyze the differences between females and males with the aim of ensuring to everyone the best possible diagnostic and therapeutic approach. However, the term gender medicine is not strictly accurate in childhood as in adults, and sex- and gender-based medicine is more appropriate. In the last decade, many studies have been published on gender medicine in adults, but very few data regarding children are available. In this article, an extended summary of the literature will be presented.
Inclination-type resonance in two-planet systems

We investigate the inclination-growth mechanisms for two-planet systems during the late protoplanetary disc phase. In previous works, much attention has been directed to the inclination-type resonance, and it has been shown that it asks for high eccentricities to be acquired during the migration of the giant planets. By adopting eccentricity and inclination damping formulae based on hydrodynamical simulations (instead of the K-prescription), we have carried out 20000 numerical simulations, where we vary the initial planetary eccentricities, the migration rate, and the dispersal time of the gas disc. Our results confirm that highly mutually inclined systems are unlikely to be produced by an inclination-type resonance of two migrating giant planets. However, in ∼ 1 % of the simulations, inclination-type resonance is observed, and a dynamical study of the evolutions reveals that the inclination-type resonance mechanism operates in three cases: i) when the inner planet reaches the inner cavity of the disc, ii) at moderate to high eccentricities for faster migration rates, and iii) at low to moderate eccentricities after a phase of orbital destabilization and re-arrangement.
Gill anomalies of perch and roach from four lakes differing in water quality

This study examined gill anomalies of two common freshwater fish species, roach Rutilus rutilus and perch Perca fluviatilis, collected over five seasons in 1989–1990 from four lakes in central Finland. The lakes differed both in water quality and in fish parasite species composition. Particular attention was paid to the differences in chloride cell proliferation. Gill anomalies were generally more common and abundant in roach than in perch. Chloride cell proliferation was the most frequent histological change in roach but was that least often found in perch. Most of the changes were systemic and light in severity. In perch an unidentified lesion of noncellular eosinophilic inclusions in an enlarged epithelium was also recorded. There was a marked pattern in the severity of histological changes in perch when comparing those from the natural Lake Peurunka to those from three ‘altered’ lakes. Gills of perch from Lake Peurunka possessed more alterations in all the recorded parameters. In roach, a significant differences were detected in chloride cell and epithelial proliferation: these were greater in Lake Peurunka and ‘polluted’ Lake Vatia. In perch, all histological changes were significantly more frequent at the end of autumn 1989 when compared to other seasons. In roach, increased frequencies of all gill changes were noted in winter and spring samples. Tissue reactions to parasites were either only localized or absent. The systemic gill alterations in freshwater fish may reflect the soft nature and low winter temperature of Finnish fresh waters, in which chemical imbalances, such as acid peaks, may induce more dramatic changes in fish tissues than in harder waters.
Group therapists: combine alliance building with paying specific attention to the patient’s perception

Abstract In slow-open groups as well as therapies of less than ten sessions, each group session holds importance. Patients, therapists and co-therapists have different perspectives and may gain different experiences from a group session. This study investigates the perspectives of patients, therapists and co-therapists on alliance, new insights and therapist techniques in the same group session. Do the three actors perceive these group aspects similarly or differently? Which group aspects are related with the outcome coping? One hundred and forty-nine sessions of a cognitive behaviour therapy group have been investigated. Patients, therapists and co-therapists gave ratings on their perceived alliance, group topics and insights as well as therapists’ technique competency. Concerning new insights, there was concordance between patients and co-therapists (r = .211, p < .05). Concerning alliance, there was a concordance between patients and therapists (r = .327, p < .01). Therapists focusing on alliance building was associated with lower patient outcomes in terms of work coping (β = –.391). The quality of therapeutic techniques was the same in groups with higher and lower outcomes. Patients’ perception of whether they felt good in the group session was explanative for session outcome, while therapists’ perceptions and context conditions (supervision, number of participants) was not. Patients, therapists and co-therapists have different perspectives on the same group therapy session. Patients’ perceptions are associated with session outcomes. A lower session outcome must not be associated with a poor technique performance of the therapist. Therapists should not only be aware of alliance building and correct technical performance, but they must also be aware of patients’ perceptions of the group process and outcome. Key learning aims The present research is the first evaluation of group session aspects and session outcomes in rehabilitation patients with work anxieties in slow-open groups. We will learn: (1) Whether patients’, therapists’ and co-therapists’ perceptions of the same group session are similar or different;(2) Whether group sessions that result in worse outcomes are different from group sessions resulting in a better outcome;(3) Which aspects of the group session are predictive for a better outcome.
Rodent‐limited establishment of bush lupine: field experiments on the cumulative effect of granivory

1 Plants often suffer substantial loss of seeds to consumers. However, because the seed‐to‐seedling transition is frequently ignored, quantitative estimates of the effects of seed consumers on plant population dynamics are rare. 2 We examined how post‐dispersal seed predation by rodents affected seedling emergence and subsequent adult plant abundance of bush lupine (Lupinus arboreus), a large N‐fixing shrub common to coastal dunes in California. We monitored patterns of seedling emergence and survival over 3 years for seeds sown into exclosed and control plots. 3 We sowed additional cohorts of seeds in the second and third years and compared interannual variation in emergence patterns. 4 Rodent exclusion substantially reduced seedling emergence, with an average of 109 seedlings emerging over 3 years from 476 seeds sown in rodent exclusion plots vs. 26 from control plots. The intensity of granivory, however, varied between years, with rodent exclusion increasing emergence from seeds sown in year one, but not in year two. 5 Winter seedling mortality, due to cutworm herbivory, was similarly high in rodent‐free and control plots, and its net impact was to reduce the difference in seedling abundance. Thus, by mid‐summer in each of the three years, there were only marginally more seedlings in rodent‐excluded vs. control plots. 6 The cumulative effect of protecting seeds, was, however, large. After 3 years, an average of four adult lupines were established in rodent‐free plots, whereas only 0.5 were found in control plots and lupine biomass was more than 5‐fold higher in exclusion plots. 7 Taken together, the results indicate that rodents play a critical role by limiting the abundance and biomass of a large N‐fixing shrub in dunes.
Genetic Engineering of Maize with the Arabidopsis DREB1A/CBF3 Gene Using Split‐Seed Explants

Transformation of maize (Zea mays L.) split-seed explants from inbred line R23 was performed following particle bombardment with a construct carrying the Arabidopsis transcriptional factor CBF3 under the control of the inducible promoter rd29A and the selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase. Over-expressing CBF3 has been shown to enhance cold, drought, and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The CBF3 gene was detected in 18 lines by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and stable integration of multiple copies of CBF3 was confirmed by Southern blot analysis in three selected lines. Reverse transcription PCR detected expression of CBF3 in the transgenic lines under unstressed conditions despite the use of the stress-inducible rd29A promoter. This constitutive expression was associated with growth retardation and sterility in most of the transgenic lines. Transmission of the gene in a Mendelian fashion to T 1 and T 2 generations was confirmed in one line by Southern blot analysis. Plants of this line showed stress-inducible expression of the CBF3 gene and hardly detectable expression under unstressed conditions along with significant tolerance to cold, drought, and salinity compared with wild-type plants. These results demonstrate that stress-inducible overexpression of CBF3 has the potential to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in corn.
Seasonal change in the shoot flora diversity of hardwood forest stands on Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec

Diversity, in the various senses in which the term is used by plant ecologists, is shown to vary with time of year in each of four stands in the northern hardwood forest region of southern Quebec. The lowest values were obtained in winter and the highest in summer. Much of the variation in diversity over the year can be explained by changes in the numbers of plant species, present as shoots, in a stand: this is particularly the case in the late spring and summer months, but rather less so in the fall. Analysis of the simply collected, and reliable, presence/absence sample data gives as satisfactory an account of seasonal trends in shoot flora diversity as does analysis of the more usually consulted abundance data. It is concluded that many of the formal notions of succession studies may apply to the more restricted case of seasonal change in vegetation composition and structure.
TRANSFER OF THE MARINE DIATOM DIMEROGRAMMA HYALINUM HUSTEDT TO THE NEW ARAPHID GENUS HYALONEIS

Dimerogramma (Dimeregramma) hyalinum Hustedt, a relatively common diatom of marine littoral benthic assemblages, was described from mud samples collected from Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A. in 1955. Hustedt and later workers noted that the frustule of this species was completely hyaline. Studies of D. hyalinum from the type sample and from material collected from Scripps Beach, California, U.S.A. in 1972 and Beaufort, North Carolina in 2006 with the light and scanning electron microscopes confirmed the hyaline nature of the valve face and cingulum, but revealed the presence of apical slit fields located on the mantle at both apices of the valve. The valves of D. hyalinum lack the uniseriate striae composed of round areolae, sternum, transapical ribs, and spines arising near the mantle of the valve characteristic of Dimeregramma Ralfs in Pritchard. Furthermore, the apical pore fields composed of loosely packed porelli found in Dimeregramma differ markedly from the apical slit fields observed in D. hyalinum. Results of these studies suggest that D. hyalinum is sufficiently unique from Dimeregramma and araphid genera with apical slit fields to warrant its transfer to a new araphid genus, Hyaloneis, in the Fragilariaceae.
Next-generation sequencing yields the complete mitochondrial genome of the Capsala pricei Hidalgo, 1959 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from South China Sea

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the Capsala pricei (Monogenea: Capsalidae) collected from the sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) was sequenced by the next-generation sequencing method. The mitogenome is 13,851 bp in length, includes 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region, with the atp8 gene being absent. The overall content of A + T is 69.26%, which is significantly higher than the C + G content (30.74%). C shows the lowest frequency (13.42%) among four bases. Phylogeography analysis showed a close relationship between the genus Capsala and Neobenedenia with high bootstrap value supported.
Control of spore shedding from some marine algae of the Visakhapatnam coast, India

Studies were made on the diurnal periodicity of spore shedding in Ectocarpus mitchellae, Bangiopsis subsimplex and Porphyra vietnamensis. In all three of these marine algae, spore shedding was observed during daytime, and peak shedding of spores occurred between 1000 and 1400 h. Experimental alteration of salinity, exposure to air and light intensity did not change the period of peak spore shedding. Experiments were also conducted to determine optimal environmental conditions (e.g. salinity, desiccation, light intensity) for liberation of plurispores from E. mitchellae, monospores from B. subsimplex and monospores and carpospores from P. vietnamensis growing on the Visakhapatnam coast. In laboratory experiments, 30 to 40 ppt salinity, submergence of fronds and 27 to 44 µE m-2 s-1 light intensity were found to be favourable conditions for the maximum liberation of spores.
Understanding The Educational Administrator’s Role in a Turbulent Ethnic Education System

ABSTRACT This study examined the performance of superintendents and leaders of the Arab education system in Israel in reducing achievement gaps and promoting curricula that empower and advance students. In-depth interviews were conducted with school governance officials in an attempt to address these key issues: (1) The steps administrators in the Arab education system take to reduce underachievement and empower change agents during crises; (2) Arab school superintendents’ and local government education officers’ assessment of government policies as empowering or disempowering; (3) The extent to which superintendents believe that cultural change is required within existing administrative structures before they can empower school communities to become societal innovators for equity, peace, and renewal. The findings were analyzed according to themes and categories, and examined through the lens of the Turbulence Theory. Results revealed that Arab educational leaders strive to reduce achievement gaps by increasing the curriculum’s relevance to the school community, and balancing the community’s demands for quality education with technocratic policy demands by the Ministry of Education. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.