Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The morphology, behaviour and molecular phylogeny of Phytophthora taxon Salixsoil and its redesignation as Phytophthora lacustris sp. nov

J. Nechwatal*, J. Bakonyi, S. O. Cacciola, D. E. L. Cooke, T. Jung, Z. Á. Nagy, A. Vannini, A. M. Vettraino and C. M. Brasier Institute for Plant Protection, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), 85354 Freising, Germany; Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 102, 1525 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Systems Management, Plant Pathology Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; Plant Pathology Programme, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; IBB ⁄ CGB, Plant and Animal Genomic Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology and Phytopathology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Phytophthora Research and Consultancy, Thomastrasse 75, 83098 Brannenburg, Germany; Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; and Forest Research, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
AGGLOMERATION, TAX, AND LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS ＊ A N -M

In this paper, we explore the interaction between taxation and a local public good (LPG) to see how it impacts the spatial pattern in the framework of new economic geography (NEG). In the benchmark case of a pure LPG, the system displays a similar location pattern to the existing NEG taxation model, although the tax reduces the market size of manufactured goods. However, when we consider the inherent congestion of an LPG, we ﬁ nd a new agglomeration force due to the demand of the LPG and a new dispersion force due to its congestion. As a result of their interaction, the congestability is crucial in determining the spatial location pattern.
The effect of piles and their loading on nearby retaining walls – an artificial neural network approach

The assessment of stability of retaining walls that were constructed to prevent soil instability and collapse under the loads on nearby piles could be a sophisticated task. In urban areas, buildings or infrastructure are sometimes built relatively close to each other. Often pile foundations or groups of piles are used as the primary supporting systems and, inevitably, existing nearby retaining walls would be affected by these structures. The maximum wall deformation of these retaining walls was selected as a key factor to be determined to assess the retaining wall stability. In order to investigate the effect of loaded piles on the retaining wall, a set of parameters were selected such as the pile length, diameter and its location from the retaining wall. Considering all these parameters could lead to a large number of scenarios in order to establish the sensitivity of the system with respect to each variable. To reduce the required number of models needed to be analyzed, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed based on a representative dataset of base parameters. Similar to our brain, once the input (parameters) and output (maximum displacement and its location) baseline are given, the ANN is able to simulate and train by itself to provide a credible prediction of any corresponding scenario. Using the trained ANN model, for future designs engineers can predict a retaining wall maximum deformation and location under different geometrical scenarios, and as well to enhance or improve the serviceability of the entire pile-wall system.
Effects of antithrombotic therapy on bleeding after endoscopic sphincterotomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and study aims Bleeding is a common complication of following endoscopy sphincterotomy (EST), and antithrombotic therapy use during the procedure often increases risk of it. Although several guidelines have been released regarding the use of antithrombotic agents during EST, many issues about it remain controversial. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of antithrombotic medication on the risk of EST bleeding. Methods A structured literature search was carried out in Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. RevMan 5.2 was used for meta-analysis to investigate the rate of post-EST bleeding. Results Seven retrospective articles were included. Compared with patients who had never taken antithrombotic drugs, patients who discontinued antithrombotic drugs 1 day before the procedure had a significantly increased risk of post-EST bleeding (OR, 1.95; 95 %CI, 1.57–2.43), particularly for severe bleeding (OR, 1.83; 95 %CI, 1.44–2.34). In addition, compared with patients who discontinued antithrombotic therapy for at least 1 day, patients who continued taking antithrombotic drugs did have an increased risk of post-EST bleeding (OR, 0.70; 95 %CI, 0.40–1.23). Conclusions The use of antithrombotic drugs may increase the bleeding rate of EST, but discontinuing therapy 1 day before endoscopy does not significantly reduce the bleeding rate.
Postpartum Care Behavior Improvement during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia Using Mobile-Health Interactive Message

Background Since 2018, maternal mortality in Semarang City, Indonesia, has mostly (75%) occurred during the postpartum period. Therefore, a health intervention is necessary to improve safe and effective postpartum care. During the Covid-19 pandemic, a mobile-based health intervention is preferred due to the government's regulation of COVID-19 safety prevention. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mobile-health interactive message on the postpartum care behavior of mothers and their husbands. Methods The study was conducted in a quasi-experimental design. It includes the treatment group and the control group, in which each group consists of 46 pairs of pregnant women in the third trimester and their husbands. The research subjects were chosen through the purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted via interviews and observations. The m-health intervention is carried out in the form of text messages, images, videos, and interactive mentoring. The latter was carried out through group messaging via the WhatsApp application for the treatment group. Meanwhile, the control group received regular counseling from the local Community Health Center. Data analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney test, unpaired T-Test, Chi-Square Test dan Fisher Exact Test. Results Intervention for 2.5 months increased the knowledge of mothers and husbands. The intervention for 3.5 months improved the mother's attitude, but not the husband's attitude. The intervention also improves maternal practices related to postpartum visits, such as Early Initiation of Breastfeeding assistance requests from health workers, iron tablets and nutritious food consumption, personal hygiene, postpartum danger signs monitoring, and the husband's practice of accompanying mothers during postpartum visits. Conclusion Mobile-Health interactive messages effectively improved postpartum care behavior for mothers and their husbands.
Nurses' Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors with Enteral Nutrition in Adult Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals

Background In critically ill patients, enteral nutrition is recommended as a route for nutrient delivery. Nurses' knowledge and practice of enteral nutrition influence patients' clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study sought to assess nurses' knowledge, practice, and associated factors regarding enteral nutrition in adult intensive care unit patients in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 196 nurses working in public hospitals in Addis Ababa from April 11 to April 30, 2020. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 21. The correlation between independent variables and dependent variables was estimated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression at a 95% confidence level. Results The level of inadequate knowledge and poor practice of nurses relating to enteral nutrition was 67.7% and 53.8%, respectively. Bachelor's degree holders were less likely to be knowledgeable (AOR= 0.24, 95% CI: (0.61, 0.93)). Nurses' practice about enteral nutrition was significantly associated with nurses' age (AOR = 0.023, 95 % CI: (0.001,0.52), nurses receiving training on enteral nutrition (AOR = 1.951, 95 % CI: (0.06, 0.60)), and nurses from ICUs having a guideline and protocol on enteral feeding practice (AOR = 3.401, 95 % CI: (1.186, 9.789). Conclusions In the study, it was revealed that a substantial proportion of nurses had inadequate knowledge of enteral nutrition and practiced poor enteral nutrition.
The Unusual High Origin Radial Artery in a Black Kenyan Population: A Cadaveric Study

Background The anatomy of the radial artery draws great interests among anatomists for its frequent involvement in variations. Equally, these variations have gained significant attention from clinicians because of the preference to use the radial artery for catheterization. The commonest of radial artery variations involve its site of origin. In published literature, data on this variations exist, but the prevalence of such variations in a Kenyan population has hitherto been unknown. Methods Sixty-two upper limbs from 50 formalin-fixed cadavers were studied during dissection in the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. Results Fifty-four (87.1%) radial arteries arose within the cubital fossa, while eight (12.9%) had a high origin. Out of the eight high arteries, two (3.2%) branched off from the axillary artery, another two (3.2%) were branches of the proximal third of the brachial artery and four (6.5%) arose from the middle third of the brachial artery. The high origin radial arteries were more common on the right upper limbs (5 out of the 8 cases). Both axillary and brachial origins were seen bilaterally. Conclusion The present study details important variations in the anatomy of the radial artery in a Kenyan population. With the radial artery being utilized during clinical, surgical and radiological interventions so frequently, an increased understanding and anticipation of such topographic variances is paramount.
Increasing Burden of Acute Hepatitis A among Ethiopian Children, Adolescents, and Young adults: A Change in Epidemiological Pattern and Need for Hepatitis A Vaccine

Background Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable, feco-oral infection due to poor sanitary conditions. It is predominantly acquired during early childhood and results in lasting acquired protective immunity. However, it results in severe disease which can end up in acute fulminant hepatitis and hepatic failure when acquired during adolescence and adulthood. The prevalence of acute hepatitis A is increasing among children, adolescents, and young adults from higher-income households. They acquire this infection at a later age when they are exposed for the first time to contaminated food and drinks after being brought up in a relatively clean environment. This calls for the introduction of the Hepatitis A vaccine in Ethiopia; possibly as part of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Methods Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from patients who were diagnosed to have hepatitis A infection at Adera Medical Center in 2020. Results This study showed that clinical acute hepatitis A is becoming common among children, adolescents, and young adults from relatively high-income families. Among patients with acute hepatitis, 89% were from middle and high-income families. Conclusions There is a need for the incorporation of hepatitis A vaccine in the Ethiopian EPI program.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 Infection and Acute Ischemic Stroke at Eka Kotebe General Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background Acute ischemic stroke has been reported to occur in a significantly higher number of COVID-19 patients as compared to healthy controls with variable proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms. To our knowledge, sufficient data regarding this subject is lacking in Ethiopia and the African continent at large. In this case series, we report the clinical characteristics and management of 5 cases with COVID-19 infection and acute ischemic stroke to shed light on the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in resource-limited setups. Methods This is a case series including data collected from the medical records of 5 participants with confirmed RT-PCR positive COVID-19 infection and radiologically confirmed acute ischemic stroke, admitted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from June 10, 2020, to November 04, 2020. Results Cryptogenic stroke was documented in 4/5 participants included in this series with the most common vascular risk factors identified for stroke being hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The median time from onset of COVID-19 symptoms to the identification of stroke was 07 days. Two fifth of the participants in this series died during their ICU admission with the immediate cause of deaths reported to be related to the severe COVID-19 infection but not stroke. Conclusion Cryptogenic stroke was documented in 4/5 patients in this series despite the presence of vascular risk factors for other stroke subtypes. The overall prevalence, subtypes, and outcomes of stroke in COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia and the African continent as a whole needs additional research to elucidate the local burden of the disease and define the predominant pathophysiologic mechanisms for stroke in COVID-19 in the region.
Magnitude of Anxiety and Depression and Associated Factors among Palliative Care Patients with Cancer at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Background Little is known regarding the severity of anxiety and depression among palliative care patients with cancer. As a result, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of anxiety and depression and its associated factors among palliative care patients with cancer. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Black Lion Specialized Hospital oncology center on palliative care patients with cancer who had follow up. Interviews and chart reviews were used. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were done. Multivariate analysis was done. Result A total of 171 palliative care patients with cancer were involved in the study. The magnitude of anxiety and depression was found at 64.9% and 47.4%, respectively. Those palliative care patients with cancer whose age >64 years (AOR: 7.1; CI: 1.59–68.0; P =0.029), unable to write and read (AOR: 0.2; CI: 0.03–0.73; P = 0.017), secondary school (AOR: 0.3; CI: 0.11–0.83; P = 0.022) were significant factors for anxiety. Breast cancer (AOR: 0.1; CI: 0.01–0.85; P = 0.021), surgery plus radiation (AOR: 0.2; CI: 0.02–0.91: P=0.024) others (radiation and surgery (AOR: 0.1; CI: 0.02–0.8: P = 0.036) were found to be significant factors for depression. Conclusion The magnitude of anxiety and depression was 64.9% and 47.4%, respectively. Greater than 64-year-old age, unable to write and read secondary school were significant factors for anxiety. Breast cancer, surgery plus radiation, others (radiation and surgery) were found to be significant factors for depression.
Spontaneously Arrested Bilateral Primary Congenital Glaucoma: A Case Report From Ethiopia

Background Primary congenital glaucoma is potentially blinding condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure and optic disc cupping. It is typically bilateral and usually manifest in the first year of life. Spontaneously arrested primary congenital glaucoma can occur, but it is very rare. Case Report A 32-year-old male patient from North Shewa presented to the department of ophthalmology, Menelik II Hospital with deterioration of vision. On examination he had large corneas with horizontal diameter of 14 mm, increased axial length, faint corneal stromal opacity and Haab's striae of both eyes. Anterior chamber angles were wide open. His intraocular pressure, optic nerve head appearance and visual field in both eyes were normal. He had subluxated dense cataract of the right eye. Conclusion Late presentation with sequelae of primary congenital glaucoma without optic neuropathy is possible. Regular follow-up of spontaneously arrested congenital glaucoma and scleral fixation of intraocular lens is recommended.
Magnitude of HIV Infection and Associated Factors among Female Sex Workers at Hawassa, Ethiopia

Background HIV is among one of the most serious public health problems. Low-income countries are highly affected by Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV). The burden of HIV varies across various segments of the population. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of HIV infection and associated factors among female sex workers (FSWs). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 FSWs at Integrated Service on Health and Development Organization (ISHDO) located in Hawassa city from July to November 2018. Socio-demographic and related data were collected using a structured questionnaire. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected from study participants; serum was prepared and tested for HIV using the 4th generation Microlisa HIV assay. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21; binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with HIV infection among FSWs. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of HIV among FSWs at ISHDO, Hawassa was 19.9% [95% CI: 16, 24.4]. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV among FSWs at ISHDO, Hawassa was relatively high compared to national and regional reports. In this study, none of the factors assessed were significantly associated with HIV infection.
Appropriateness of Head CT Scans at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Background Overutilization of advanced diagnostic imaging modalities strains health care systems, especially in resource limited setups. The aim of this study is to identify magnitude of inappropriate Head Computed Tomography scans at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Radiology department, among patients getting Head Computed Tomography examinations in the period of August 2018- November 2018. Appropriateness of each scan was assessed using the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria. Result Of the 443 Head Computed Tomography scans assessed, 61.6% were done for male patients and the mean age of patients scanned is 35. Children younger than 14yrs of age constituted 17.2%. No contrast was used in 63.9% of the scans and 64.3% were initial imaging with no prior study for similar indication. Out of the scans evaluated, 11.7% were inappropriate. Headache (38.5%), Seizure (23.1%) and Head trauma (23.1%) were the commonest indications for inappropriate scan. Scans done for cerebrovascular disease were 240 times more likely to be appropriate. Large number of inappropriate scans were requested from central triage (33.3%) and adult emergency (26.2%). Pediatric department requested inapproprieate scans in 11.9% of the cases. Residents requested majority of inappropriate scans (82.3%). Inappropriateness was associated with use of contrast agent and having only incidental outcomes. Conclusion A large number of inappropriate Head Computed Tomography scans are being done. Mechanisms such as preauthorization by radiologists, increasing awareness by medical students, physicians, radiology residents and radiologists and preparing customized imaging appropriateness guidelines should be implemented.
Measurements of Branching Fractions for B 0 → D + s π − and B 0 → D + s K −

We present improved measurements of the branching fractions for the decays B 0 → D + s π − and B 0 → D + s K − using a data sample of 657 × 10 6 BB events collected at the Υ (4 S ) reso-nance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. The results are B (cid:0) B 0 → D + s π − (cid:1) = (1 . 99 ± 0 . 26 ± 0 . 18) × 10 − 5 and B (cid:0) B 0 → D + s K − (cid:1) = (1 . 91 ± 0 . 24 ± 0 . 17) × 10 − 5 , where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Based on these results, we determine the ratio between amplitudes of the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay B 0 → D + π − and the Cabibbo favored decay B 0 → D − π + , R Dπ = [1 . 71 ± 0 . 11(stat) ± 0 . 09(syst) ± 0 . 02(theo)] %, where the last term denotes the theory error.
Neutrophilic inflammation promotes SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and augments the inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells

In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre-existing co- morbidities correlating to incidence of severe COVID-19 are associated with chronic airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, examination of COVID-19 explanted lung tissue revealed a series of epithelial pathologies associated with the infiltration and activation of neutrophils, indicating neutrophil activity in response to SARS- CoV-2 infection. To determine the impact of neutrophil-epithelial interactions on the infectivity and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we developed a co-culture model of airway neutrophilia. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the airway epithelium alone does not result in a notable pro-inflammatory response from the epithelium. The addition of neutrophils induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates a significantly augmented pro-inflammatory response subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The resulting inflammatory response is polarized with differential release from the apical and basolateral side of the epithelium. Additionally, the integrity of the epithelial barrier is impaired with notable epithelial damage and infection of basal stem cells. This study reveals a key role for neutrophil-epithelial interactions in determining inflammation and infectivity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Multiple Actions of Propofol on αβγ and αβδ GABAA Receptors

GABAA receptors are predominantly composed of αβγ and αβδ isoforms in the brain. It has been proposed that αβγ receptors mediate phasic inhibition, whereas αβδ receptors mediate tonic inhibition. Propofol (2,6-di-isopropylphenol), a widely used anesthetic drug, exerts its effect primarily by modulating GABAA receptors; however, the effects of propofol on the kinetic properties of αβγ and αβδ receptors are uncertain. We transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells with cDNAs encoding rat α1, α6, β3, γ2L, or δ subunits and performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to explore this issue. Propofol (3 μM) increased GABA concentration-response curve maximal currents similarly for both α1β3γ2L and α6β3γ2L receptors, but propofol increased those for α1β3δ and α6β3δ receptors differently, the increase being greater for α1β3δ than for α6β3δ receptors. Propofol (10 μM) produced similar alterations in α1β3γ2L and α6β3γ2L receptor currents when using a preapplication protocol; peak currents were not altered, desensitization was reduced, and deactivation was prolonged. Propofol enhanced peak currents for both α1β3δ and α6β3δ receptors, but the enhancement was greater for α1β3δ receptors. Desensitization of these two isoforms was not modified by propofol. Propofol did not alter the deactivation rate of α1β3δ receptor currents but did slow deactivation of α6β3δ receptor currents. The findings that propofol reduced desensitization and prolonged deactivation of γ2L subunit-containing receptors and enhanced peak currents or prolonged deactivation of δ subunit-containing receptors suggest that propofol enhancement of both phasic and tonic inhibition may contribute to its anesthetic effect in the brain.