Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age, Growth, and Potential Yield for Shortbelly Rockfish Sebastes jordani

Shortbelly rockfish Sebastesjordani is an abundant spe- cies that could support a large com- mercial fishery off central California. Prior studies of shortbelly rockfish growth were based on age data ob- tained from scales or whole otoliths. We show that broken and burnt oto- liths provide reliable ages that are substantially different than those derived from previous methods. This new information was used to update estimates of the von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters, the nat- ural mortality rate, and potential yield. We found that shortbelly rock- fish live for up to 22 years. Males grew more slowly and reached a smaller maximum size than females. Estimates of natural mortality from three predictive models ranged from 0.212 to 0.378 for males and 0.203 to 0.437 for females. Assuming M is 0.20-0.35 and using biomass esti- mates from hydroacoustic surveys, we estimated that potential yield in the Ascension Canyon-Farallon Islands area ranges from 13,400 to 23,500 metric tons.
SEED COTTON YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SOWN IN DIFFERENT PLANTING METHODS

Three experiments were conducted to ascertain the yield performance and water use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) sown in different planting methods during the year 2005, at three different locations in cotton zone of Punjab (Pakistan) province in case of different planting methods The planting methods were, flat planting and no earthing up, flat planting and earthing up after 1 irrigation (35 days after planting) , flat planting and alternate row earthing up after 1 irrigation, flat planting in 112.5/37.5 cm apart paired rows and earthing up after 1 irrigation, ridge planting and bed planting. Cotton crop obtained a maximum benefit from the available water at all three locations in flat planting with alternate row earthing up method by giving a maximum water use efficiency of 5.63 kg ha mmand maximum seed cotton yield of 2991 kg ha .
How farmers assess soil health and quality

The requirements of agricultural and environmental sustainability have dramatically redefined soil quality. The traditional view of soil quality, as measured by soil performance and productivity, is now considered inadequate for what it does not and cannot reveal. Accordingly, the emerging definition of soil quality extends beyond crop production to issues of food safety, human and animal health, and water quality (Doran and Parkin; Parr et al.). Concern for soil quality is not limited to agricultural scientists, natural resource managers, and policymakers. Farmers also have a vested interest in soil quality; its stewardship and maintenance have always rested with them. Farmer interest in soil health, a term some farmers prefer to soil quality, may have been encouraged by their desire to examine and validate the management practices they use on their own farm. Evidence of farmer interest shows in the increased attention to soil health in alternative farming publications like New Farm and Acres USA . Over the last decade, farmers in traditional farming systems have been credited for their sophisticated knowledge of agroecosystems (Alcorn …
From Merck’s CCK- Antagonists Via 4-Amino-2(5H)-Furanones towards 5-Hydroxy-Pyrrol-2-Ones: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of PNB-001 & PNB-081 as Experimental Therapeutic Agents in Pain Management

Arylated 5-hydroxy–pyrrol-2-ones were prepared in 2 synthetic steps from muco-chloric acid and were optimised as CCK1 / CCK2 selective ligands using radio labelled binding assays. A potent CCK1 selective ligand was identified (PNB-081: CCK1=20nM) as well as a potent CCK2 ligand (PNB-001, IC50= 22nM) during a systematic SAR optimisation. The antagonism was confirmed for both ligands by using isolated tissue preparations with CCK5 and CCK8S. Subsequent in vivo evaluation revealed analgesic activity for the gastrin CCK2 antagonist PNB-001, in the hotplate and tail immersion test at 0.5mg /kg by IP administration in mice. The cholecystokinin antagonist PNB-081 potentiated the analgesic effect of morphine and reversed opiate tolerance in mice from doses >1 mg/kg by oral administration.
EZH2 Promotes Malignant Phenotypes and Is a Predictor of Oral Cancer Development in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common premalignancy in the oral cavity. A small proportion of OLs progresses to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To assess OSCC risk of OLs, we investigated the role of the transcriptional repressor enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in oral tumorigenesis and its clinical implication as an OSCC risk predictor. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure EZH2 expression in OLs from 76 patients, including 37 who later developed OSCC and 39 who did not. EZH2 expression was associated with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcomes. To determine the biological role of EZH2 in OL, EZH2 level was reduced using EZH2 siRNAs in Leuk-1 cells, its impact on cell cycle, anchorage-dependent/independent growth, and invasion was assessed. We observed strong EZH2 expression in 34 (45%), moderate expression in 26 (34%), and weak/no expression in 16 (21%) of the OLs. The higher EZH2 levels were strongly associated with dysplasia (P < 0.001) and OSCC development (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that EZH2 expression was the only independent factor for OSCC development (P < 0.0001). At 5 years after diagnosis, 80% of patients whose OLs expressed strong EZH2 developed OSCC whereas only 24% patients with moderate and none with weak/no EZH2 expression did so (P < 0.0001). In Leuk-1 cells, EZH2 downregulation resulted in G1 arrest; decreased invasion capability, decreased anchorage-independent growth; downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of p15INK4B. Our data suggest that EZH2 plays an important role in OL malignant transformation and may be a biomarker in predicting OSCC development in patients with OLs. Cancer Prev Res; 4(11); 1816–24. ©2011 AACR.
Variant-speci ﬁ c SARS-CoV-2 shedding rates in wastewater the Total

rates for the more-recent Omicron variant in six communities. Mean SARS-CoV-2wastesheddingrateswerefoundtoincreasewiththepredominanceoftheDeltavariantandsubsequently decrease with Omicron infections. Interestingly, the Delta stage had the highest mean shedding rates and was associated with the most severe disease symptoms reported in other clinical studies, while Omicron, exhibiting reduced symptoms,hadthelowestmeansheddingrates.Additionally,sheddingratesweremostconsistentacrosscommunities during the Omicron stage. This is the ﬁ rst paper to identify waste shedding rates speci ﬁ c to the Omicron variant and ﬁ lls a knowledge gap critical to disease prevalence modeling.
Estimation of Genetic, Phenotypic and Environmental Trends in Hariana Cattle

The breeding data relating to Hariana herd spread over 18 years (1979-96) were analysed to estimate genetic, phenotypic and environmental changes in characters of economic importance which might have taken place during the several years of selective breeding practiced in the herd. The average genetic changes in a given character were estimated by four methods. The phenotypic trends observed for different economic traits were not significant. On changing the method of estimation, magnitude and direction of genetic trends changed. Comparison of estimates of genetic trends by different methods showed that adjustments for biases due to non-random allotment of dams with respect to their age and merit suggested by Powell and Freeman (1974) were useful for increasing the precision of the estimates. Hence, this method was found to be the best method for estimation of genetic trends. The estimate of genetic trends by this method were 4.03′6.21 days, 3.24′5.33 kg, 0.15′0.43 days, 0.09′0.59 days, 0.01′0.02 kg and 0.01′0.01 kg for age at first calving, first lactation milk yield, first lactation length, first calving interval, first lactation milk yield per day lactation length and first lactation milk yield per day of calving interval, respectively.
Cluster-based Analysis of Affected Insulin Signaling Genes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) being a complex metabolic disease is recognized as one of the potential threat to the human health in the 21st century. Etiologically it is characterized by insulin resistance and diminished insulin secretion. Advances in gene-expression studies related to T2DM have revealed altered expression of a large number of metabolic genes in a variety of tissues. Through a cluster based analysis of microarray datasets, we have identified altered genes associated with insulin signaling. We have also elucidated the application of self-organizing maps (SOMs); a type of mathematical cluster analysis technique that is pertinent for the recognition and classification features in a complex multidimensional gene-expression data. In order to investigate T2DM related alterations in expression of influenced Insulin signaling genes and transcription factors, we have implemented a network-centric methodology. It is also analyzed that these gene-sets share one or more transcription factor binding sites in the promoter regions of the corresponding genes enabling the determination of regulatory mechanisms that lead to gene expression changes in gene network. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to interpret gene expression data to find gene sets sharing common biological function and regulation. Finally, we calculated gene evolutionary rate to explore the lineage distribution amongst all insulin signaling genes.
Haplotype Block Structure Is Conserved across Mammals

Genetic variation in genomes is organized in haplotype blocks, and species-specific block structure is defined by differential contribution of population history effects in combination with mutation and recombination events. Haplotype maps characterize the common patterns of linkage disequilibrium in populations and have important applications in the design and interpretation of genetic experiments. Although evolutionary processes are known to drive the selection of individual polymorphisms, their effect on haplotype block structure dynamics has not been shown. Here, we present a high-resolution haplotype map for a 5-megabase genomic region in the rat and compare it with the orthologous human and mouse segments. Although the size and fine structure of haplotype blocks are species dependent, there is a significant interspecies overlap in structure and a tendency for blocks to encompass complete genes. Extending these findings to the complete human genome using haplotype map phase I data reveals that linkage disequilibrium values are significantly higher for equally spaced positions in genic regions, including promoters, as compared to intergenic regions, indicating that a selective mechanism exists to maintain combinations of alleles within potentially interacting coding and regulatory regions. Although this characteristic may complicate the identification of causal polymorphisms underlying phenotypic traits, conservation of haplotype structure may be employed for the identification and characterization of functionally important genomic regions.
SHALLOW-WATER TRAPEZIIDAE AND TETRALIIDAE (CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA) OF THE PHILIPPINES (PANGLAO 2004 EXPEDITION), NEW GUINEA, AND VANUATU (SANTO 2006 EXPEDITION)

The shallow-water trapeziid and tetraliid crabs, symbionts of corals and other colonial anthozoans, from the Philippines, New Guinea, and Vanuatu are listed. A total of 13 species of Trapeziidae and six species of Tetraliidae (two new records) are listed for the Philippines, 15 Trapeziidae (four new records), six Tetraliidae (three new records) for New Guinea, and 12 Trapeziidae (six new records), four Tetraliidae (three new records) for Vanuatu. The number of species in these locations, when compared with the number in adjacent areas, does not support the view that the Indo-Malayan region or the Indo-Australian Archipelago have served as a centre of diversifi cation for these two families.
Violence During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

Prevalence During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period Although numerous studies from around the globe agree that violence is a common problem among pregnant women, estimates of the prevalence of this violence vary considerably. Most prevalence studies examining violence during pregnancy have focused on physical violence. For example, a 1996 review of 13 studies from the United States (U.S.) and other developed countries found that 1% to 20% of pregnant women experienced physical violence during pregnancy, with most studies reporting estimates between 4% and 8% (Gazmararian, Lazorick, Spitz, Ballard, Saltzman, & Marks, 1996). A 2010 review of 18 studies published after this 1996 review (including studies from Canada, China, England, Hong Kong, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Thailand and the U.S.) found that 1% to 30% of pregnant women experienced physical violence during pregnancy, with most estimates being between 3% and 11% (Taillieu & Brownridge, 2010). A review of six studies from developing countries (including India, China, Pakistan and Ethiopia) found that 4% to 29% of pregnant women experienced domestic violence during pregnancy (Nasir & Hyder, 2003), and a review of 13 studies from several African countries (including Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda
Knowledge Spillovers, Innovation and Growth: [Pagehead to the attention of the typesetter: Knowledge Spillovers, Innovation and Growth]

Cohen and Levinthal (1989) introduced the notion of absorptive capacity and demonstrated that knowledge spillovers can induce complementarities in R&D efforts. We show that this idea has rich implications when analyzing important aspects of the growth process such as cross-country convergence and divergence, the international coordination of climate change policies, and the role of openness in the production of ideas. We also show that the notion of absorptive capacity sets an agenda for new empirical and theoretical analyses of the role of R&D spillovers in innovation and growth.
β-Adrenergic Receptors/Epac Signaling Increases the Size of the Readily Releasable Pool of Synaptic Vesicles Required for Parallel Fiber LTP

The second messenger cAMP is an important determinant of synaptic plasticity that is associated with enhanced neurotransmitter release. Long-term potentiation (LTP) at parallel fiber (PF)–Purkinje cell (PC) synapses depends on a Ca2+-induced increase in presynaptic cAMP that is mediated by Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclases. However, the upstream signaling and the downstream targets of cAMP involved in these events remain poorly understood. It is unclear whether cAMP generated by β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) is required for PF–PC LTP, although noradrenergic varicosities are apposed in PF–PC contacts. Guanine nucleotide exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP [Epac proteins (Epac 1-2)] are alternative cAMP targets to protein kinase A (PKA) and Epac2 is abundant in the cerebellum. However, whether Epac proteins participate in PF–PC LTP is not known. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that βARs are expressed in PF boutons. Moreover, activation of these receptors through their agonist isoproterenol potentiated synaptic transmission in cerebellar slices from mice of either sex, an effect that was insensitive to the PKA inhibitors (H-89, KT270) but that was blocked by the Epac inhibitor ESI 05. Interestingly, prior activation of these βARs occluded PF–PC LTP, while the β1AR antagonist metoprolol blocked PF–PC LTP, which was also absent in Epac2−/− mice. PF–PC LTP is associated with an increase in the size of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of synaptic vesicles, consistent with the isoproterenol-induced increase in vesicle docking in cerebellar slices. Thus, the βAR-mediated modulation of the release machinery and the subsequent increase in the size of the RRP contributes to PF–PC LTP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT G-protein-coupled receptors modulate the release machinery, causing long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission that influence synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying synaptic responses to β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation remain poorly understood. An increase in the number of synaptic vesicles primed for exocytosis accounts for the potentiation of neurotransmitter release driven by βARs. This effect is not mediated by the canonical protein kinase A pathway but rather, through direct activation of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein Epac by cAMP. Interestingly, this βAR signaling via Epac is involved in long term potentiation at cerebellar granule cell-to-Purkinje cell synapses. Thus, the pharmacological activation of βARs modulates synaptic plasticity and opens therapeutic opportunities to control this phenomenon.
PENDEKATAN ETNOSAINS MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI KIMIA MATERI LARUTAN PENYANGGA

Hasil data penelitian PISA, kemampuan literasi kimia siswa di Indonesia termasuk ketegori rendah. Hal ini disebabkan masih kurang memanfaatkannya lingkungan sosial budaya sebagai sumber belajar, padahal pembelajaran kimia erat kaitannya dengan kehidupan sehari-hari dan juga berkenaan dengan konteks kearifan lokal yang perlu diwariskan secara turun-temurun dari satu generasi ke generasi lainnya melalui media pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan pendekatan ethnosains dan melihat apakah terdapat pengaruh terhadap kemampuan literasi kimia, khususnya pada materi Larutan Penyangga. Jenis penelitian adalah Pre Experiment Desain dengan bentuk one group pretest-posttest design. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi dan soal tes essay untuk melihat kemampuan literasi kimia siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase pelaksanaannya aktivitas belajar siswa belajar menggunakan model PBL sebesar 70,21%. dengan kategori baik dengan hasil rata-rata pretest dan posttest kemampuan literasi yaitu 51,4% dan 76,4%. dan hasil hipotesis menunjukkan thitung sebesar 10,4264 dan ttabel sebesar 2,1098 dengan taraf nyata Î±= 5%, maka dapat dikatakan aktivitas siswa dengan pendekatan etnosains melalui model PBL meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap kemampuan literasi kimia.
Distribution characteristics of the organic matter in the surficial sediments on the shelf of the southern Yellow Sea and the northern East China Sea

Organic carbon,total nitrogen contents and grain sizes of the surficial sediments sampled from 462 stations in the southern Yellow Sea and the north part of the East China Sea were analyzed.It is shown from the results that the total organic carbon(TOC) content and total nitrogen(TN) content varied from 0.11% to 0.82% and 0.01% to 0.11% respectively,with the average contents of 0.44% and 0.08% respectively.The horizontal distribution characteristics of TOC and TN were similar,with high contents in the mud area of the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea,and low contents in the sand area,the highest located at the adjacent area of Hangzhou Bay.The distribution characteristics obviously followed the "grain size effect",showing that TOC and TN contents increased with the grain size's decreasing.TOC was more enriched in sediments with grain sizes of 6~11φ in all sediments whose grain sizes was bigger than 4φ. The C/N results showed that the mixed terrestrial and marine matters were the source of most of the sedimentary organic carbon in the southern Yellow Sea and the north part of the East China Sea,except that the area east to 123.5°E and south to 31°N showed marine autogenous sources.
Lithospheric records of orogeny within the continental U.S.

In order to better understand the tectonic evolution of the North American continent, we utilize data from the EarthScope Transportable Array network to calculate a three‐dimensional shear velocity model for the continental United States. This model was produced through the inversion of Rayleigh wave phase velocities calculated using ambient noise tomography and wave gradiometry, which allows for sensitivity to a broad depth range. Shear velocities within this model highlight the influence of orogenic and postorogenic events on the evolution of the lithosphere. Most notable is the contrast in crustal and upper mantle structure between the relatively slow western and relatively fast eastern North America. These differences are unlikely to stem solely from thermal variations within the lithosphere and highlight both the complexities in lithospheric structure across the continental U.S. and the varying impacts that orogeny can have on the crust and upper mantle.
Hematological Parameters and Serum Biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles Exposed to Vestaline

The study was carried out to determine the effects of sub lethal concentrations of vestaline (pendimethalin) herbicide to haematological and serum biochemistry of juveniles of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using static bioassays. The toxicity was carried out using 180 healthy and active fish of mean weight of 27.97±0.03 g which were divided into six treatments with each treatment having ten fish and the setup was in triplicate. The fish were exposed to (1.89 mg/l, 3.79 mg/l, 5.68mg/l, 7.57mg/l. 9.46mg/l and 0.00 mg/l)) concentrations of Vestaline ® (Pendimethalin) herbicide for a period of eight weeks during which the fish were fed at 5% of their body weight twice daily. Data obtained were analyzed for descriptive statistics (mean and standard error of means). The data were further subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P< 0.05 using Minitab. Results showed that Haematological parameters reduced significantly (P<0.05) in amount of HCT, Hb and RBC with increase in concentration an indication of Anaemia. While WBC increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in concentration. All were dose dependant. The results of Serum Biochemistry showed significant difference (P<0.05) in all the parameters determined. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in Total protein and Albumin while Cholesterol, Alanine aminoTransferase, Aspartate aminoTransferase and Creatine all increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in concentration. Vestaline ® (Pendimethalin) herbicide from this study is toxic on Clarias gariepinus juveniles so its use around aquatic environment should be done with care.
BEE DIVERSITY AND FLORAL RESOURCES ALONG A DISTURBANCE GRADIENT IN KAYA MUHAKA FOREST AND SURROUNDING FARMLANDS OF COASTAL KENYA

Bees provide important pollination services that maintain native plant populations and ecosystem resilience, which is critical to the conservation of the rich and endemic biodiversity of Kaya forests along the Kenyan Coast. This study examined bee composition and floral resources from the forest core to the surrounding farmlands around Kaya Muhaka forest. In total, 755 individual bees, representing 41 species from three families were recorded: Apidae, Halictidae and Megachilidae. Overall, Apidae were the most abundant with a proportion of 76% of the total bee individuals, Halictidae at 14% and Megachilidae at 10%. Bee composition was similar between forest edge and crop fields as compared to forest core and fallow farmlands. We found a significant decrease in bee diversity with increasing distance from the forest to the surrounding farming area. A high abundance of bees was recorded in fallow farmland, which could be explained by the high abundance of floral resources in the habitat. We found floral resources richness to significantly affect bee species richness. These findings are important for understanding the effects of land use change on insect pollinators and their degree of resilience in disturbed habitats.