Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diet Formulation for Broilers Based on Total Versus Digestible Amino Acids

Abstract A number of true amino acid digestibility assays were conducted in adult roosters on a range of feedstuffs. Using these feedstuff batches, different broiler starters and growers were formulated. A corn-soy positive control diet with high amino acid digestibility (HD) was compared to another diet using various by-products to partially replace corn and soybean meal. This second diet with low amino acid digestibility (LD) was formulated to contain the same levels of total lysine and total sulfur amino acids as diet HD. A third diet (LD + AA) was similar to diet LD, but with L-lysine•HCl and DL-methionine added to obtain levels of true digestible amino acids equal to diet HD. All three treatments consisted of a starter diet fed to 21 days and a grower diet fed to 42 days of age. Diet LD significantly depressed growth, feed efficiency, and breast meat yield compared to control diet HD. Balancing digestible amino acid contents by additional L-lysine•HC1 and DL-methionine essentially restored growth performance and carcass quality to the level of the control diet. This result demonstrates the potential benefit of switching diet formulation from total to digestible amino acids. The analysis of feed cost per kg broiler weight or per kg breast weight revealed considerable benefits from cheap by-products when diets were properly balanced in their digestible amino acid contents.
Phospholipids of the rotifer, Prawn, and larval fish.

In order to define the nutritional role of dietary phospholipids (PL) in larval fish, the PL classes and possible fatty acid combinations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were investigated on the food organisms such as the micro-algae and rotifers Brachionus plicatilis, post-larval prawns (P-30) Penaeus japonicus, and larval fish. PC and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major PL classes in a marine Chlorella (CH), Tetraselmis (TS), rotifers cultured with either CH or TS, red sea bfeam (40-days old) Chrysophrys major, knife jaw (30 days-old) Oplegnathus fasciatus, Ayu (74-days old) Ptecoglossus altivelis, and prawn. The major PC in the larval fish and prawn were those having fatty acid combinations of C16C20 (mainly C16:0, C20:5ω3), C16C22 (mainly C16:0C22:6ω3), and C18C22 (mainly C18:0C22:6ω3 and/or C18:1ω9C22:6ω3). Because larval fish are incapable of de novo synthesis of ω3-and ω6-series of fatty acids and also possibly have a limited ability for the synthesis of some PC, a part of these PC occurring in the larval fish may be derived from food organisms such as the rotifers which contained PC with fatty acid combinations of C16C20 (mainly Cl6:0C20:5ω3).
Aerobic biotransformation and mineralization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

Respirometric mineralization studies of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were conducted with microorganisms isolated from a site contaminated with munitions waste in Illinois. Nine aerobic bacterial species were isolated under a carbon- and nitrogen-limited condition and tentatively identified as: one Pseudomonas species; one Enterobacter species; and seven Alcaligenes species. Experiments were performed using each of the nine organisms individually and with a consortium of all nine bacterial species. The aerobic microorganisms were cultured in a sterile nutrient solution with glucose and 20 mg/L TNT. Mineralization was determined using uniformly ring-labeled {sup 14}C-TNT in a respirometer that trapped the evolved CO{sub 2}. Biodegradation behavior was characterized based on oxygen consumption, distribution of {sup 14}C activity, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of TNT and its transformation products.
Two new and one unrecorded natural hybrids between Asplenium ruprechtii and related taxa (Aspleniaceae)

Two new and one unrecorded hybrids of the genus Asplenium were newly found in Korea. They were proved to be hybrid based on intermediate morphology between putative parents. The first hybrid is C.S. Lee & K. Lee (Aspleniaceae), nom. nov. (vernacular name: geo-mi-sa-cheol-go-sa-ri). This new hydrid is a cross between the Asian walking fern, A. ruprechtii and A. pekinens in Uiryeong-gil, Mt. Bukansan, Seoul, Korea. The other new one occurs in Mt. Seongsan in Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, C.S. Lee & K. Lee, nom. nov. (vernacular name: san-kko-ri-go-sa-ri) which might have experienced multiple hybridization events between A. ruprechtii A. trichomanes and A. incisum following the hybrid between A. ruprechtii and A. trichomanes. In addition, one unrecorded hybrid, Kurata & Hutoh (vernacular name: geo-mi-dol-dam-go-sa-ri), reported first from Japan, is found in natural habitats in Do-dong, Daegu-si, and is a hybrid, between the Asian walking fern and A. sarelli. These hybrid taxa grow in sympatric regions with both putative parental species. The diagnostic characters for each taxon and evidence for their hybridization have been suggested. Descriptions, illustrations, and photographs of these hybrid taxa in their habitats are provided from Korea.
TRYPANOSOMA DANILEWSKYI: A NEW MULTIPLICATION PROCESS FOR TRYPANOSOMA (PROTOZOA: KINETOPLASTIDA)

A strain of Trypanosoma danilewskyi isolated from Carassius auratus gibelio in Czechoslo- vakia has been characterized morphologically and morphometrically. Its multiplication process in Ca- rassius auratus is described. The first stage was the production of a new flagellum and this was followed by kinetoplast division. The new flagellum flipped posteriorly, and along it, new cytoplasm was produced. Following nuclear division, one of the nuclei migrated posteriorly past the two kinetoplasts. Finally, body division occurred by transverse constriction at a point between the kinetoplasts.
Perfil de aglutininas anti-leptospira e anti-brucella e condições sanitárias de ovinos da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The sheep industry has become increasingly prominent in agribusiness, transforming the stage production of Brazil, and thus contributes more to the socio-economic development of the country. The work aimed to verify the occurrence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in sheep from northwestern Sao Paulo state. In addition to determining the prevalence of major Leptospira in the region and to trace the diagnosis of sheep breeding in this part of the country. All the 1222 sheep serum samples from 49 properties did not react serologically to evidentiary testing for brucellosis, compared to antigens of B. abortus and B. ovis used in the testing of 2-ME and IDGA, respectively. The Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) test revealed that 19.14% (232/1212) of samples were positive for one or more serovars, with titles ranging from 100 to 800. The most frequent serovar was hebdomadis in the region, with Sentot and Sherman (18.10%, 11.64% and 8.62%, respectively). By profiling the system of sheep farming in the region, we found that most herds are composed of more than one race being the main purpose is for the court. According to the scheme adopted immunoprophylactics there is a homogeneous set schedule. It adopts the use of anti-helminth, non-prescription veterinary antibiotic. There is also the presence of diarrhea and abortions and the lack of criteria for los ovinos on management, making it the need for emergency development of programs for disease control, schema immunoprophylactics adequate sanitation and hygienic measures in sheep breeding.
Comparative Study on the Cellular Immunity Response Induced by Live Attenuated SA14-14-2 Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine and Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Mice

Objective To study the immune response mechanism induced by live attenuated SA14 - 14 - 2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine and inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in mice. Methods Live attenuated SA14 - 14 - 2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine of different dilutions were subcutaneously injected to BALB/c mice once at 0 day, and inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine were subcutaneously injected to BALB/c mice twice at 0 and 7days. Fourteen days after the first immunization, mice were sacrificed, and the spleens were removed aseptically for detection of IFN -γ and IL - 2 spot forming cell (SFC) by ELISPOT assay. Serum samples were collected to detect the specific IgG 2 a and IgG 1 antibody and neutralizing antibody. Another group of immunized mice were attacked by Japanese encephalitis virus P 3 strain intraperitoneally to evaluate the protective effect at the fourteenth day after the first immunization. Results Mice immunized with the live attenuated SA14 - 14 - 2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced more IFN -γ SFC and IL - 2 SFC than the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine. IgG 2 a and IgG 1 antibody could be induced at the same time by immunization with undiluted live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, while the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine only induced the IgG 1 antibody. The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine had a better protection than the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine. The results indicated that 90 % or 50 % of mice with a low level of neutralizing antibody (1:10) but higher cellular immune level after immunization with 10 -3 or 10 -4 dilution of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine could survive against the challenge with a lethal dose of Japanese encephalitis virus. Conclusion Live attenuated SA14 - 14 - 2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine could induce both humoral and cellular immune response, which are all important factors to protect against the challenge with a lethal dose of Japanese encephalitis virus. However, the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine could only induce humoral immune response and lower protective effect.
Genetic diversity of Panax stipuleanatus Tsai in North Vietnam detected by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

ABSTRACT Panax stipuleanatus Tsai is a type of medicinal plant within north-west Vietnam. In this study, inter simple sequence repeat markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity of naturally distributed populations classified by habitat for this species. Genetic diversity at the species level was moderate (HeT = 0.254; PPBT = 96.02%). Genetic diversity was not equal in two populations. The result showed higher population genetic diversity in the Lao Cai region (HeBX = 0.266; PPBBX = 91.48%) as compared to those located in Lai Chau region (HeHT = 0.235; PPBHT = 84.66%). The interpopulation gene differentiation was small (GSTP = 0.03) with the genetic distance among populations was DP = 0.0103. Gene flow within populations was as high as Nm = 7.36.
Antibacterial activity of methanolic leaf extract of Plukenetia conophora Mull. arg. against selected bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection

Antibacterial activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Plukenetia conophora Mull. arg. (African walnut) on selected urinary isolates: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis, was investigated using the agar punch-hole diffusion and agar broth dilution methods to verify claims by the locals of its medicinal value in the treatment of urinary tract infection. The extract exhibited bactericidal activity against the uro-pathogens in varying degrees at different concentrations tested. In the agar diffusion test, P. aeruginosa showed the highest zone of inhibition (18 mm) at the highest concentration tested (200 mg/mL); while P. mirabilis, K. aerogenes and E. coli showed zones of inhibition of 15, 13 and 12 mm respectively. E. coli and K. aerogenes did not show any zone of inhibition, while P. aeruginosa (14, 12, 10 and 8 mm) and P. mirabilis (13, 11, 8 and 7 mm) showed varied zones of inhibition at extract concentration of 150, 100, 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. P. aeruginosa had the least minimum inhibitory concentration (6.25 mg/mL), followed by P. mirabilis (12.5 mg/mL); while E. coli and K. aerogenes has the same MIC (150 mg/mL). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) gave a range of (6.25 – 200) mg/mL. All the isolates had MBC higher than MIC except, P. aeruginosa with sensitivity significantly higher than that of E. coli and K. aerogenes at P 0.05). There was no significant difference between the sensitivity of E. coli and K. aerogenes to the extract (P>0.05). Phytochemical screening of the extract, revealed the presence of tannins, anthraquinones, saponins, flavonoids, resins and alkaloids, while cardiac glycosides and steroids were absent. The result further strengthening earlier works on the efficacy of the plant, and it therefore stands a chance for clinical trial as an alternative treatment option for urinary tract infection, though; the molecular mechanism behind its antibacterial activity would require further investigation.
Use of Malic Enzyme to Detect Hybrids between Torymus sinensis and T. beneficus(Hymenoptera: Torymidae) Attacking Dryocosmus kuriphilus(Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and Possibility of Natural Hybridization.

交配実験で得られたチュウゴクオナガコバチ(Ts)とクリマモリオナガコバチ(早期羽化型(TbE)および晩期羽化型(TbL))の種間雑種におけるマリックエンザイム(ME)の分離パターンを明らかにするとともに,この遺伝的指標をもとに野外での種間雑種出現の可能性について検討した。 1) TbL×TsのF1はすべてSSであったが,TbE×TsのF1のMEはすべてFSであった。 これらのことから,TbEとTsの交配雑種についてはMEにより判定できると考えられた. しかし,TbLとTsとの交配雑種はMEでは判定できなかった。 2) 安芸津および大栄個体群のO/T値はすべて1. 3以下で,MEもすべてFFであった。 一方,つくば個体群では種々のO/T値を示す個体が混在しており,MEはSS, FSおよびFFの3タイプに分かれ,TbEとTsの交配雑種の存在が確認された。
Characterisation of interacting partner(s) for EYS, a major gene implicated in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa

Mutations in EYS are a common cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP). EYS is one of the largest genes expressed in the retina and the role of the protein it encodes is presently unclear. It has been shown, however, that EYS localises to the outer segments of porcine photoreceptors and that the Drosophila orthologue of EYS is essential in the biogenesis of the ommatidium, where it interacts with prominin, a highly conserved protein implicated in retinopathies. The aim of this project was to examine the role of EYS in the retina by investigating its subcellular localisation and by identifying its interacting partners. Characterisation of the genetic structure of EYS has revealed that it has at least four isoforms expressed in the retina and testis. Immunocytochemistry studies have shown that EYS isoforms predominantly localise to the cytoplasm of cultured cells whereas immunohistochemistry studies in the primate retina have revealed that it localises to the photoreceptor ciliary axoneme. Yeast 2-hybrid screening has resulted in identification of one potential interacting partner of EYS, AIPL1, which is a molecular chaperone required for the proteostasis of the retina. Further analysis by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence has confirmed that AIPL1 interacts with the N terminal fragment of EYS isoforms 1 and 4 as well as EYS isoforms 2 and 3. Furthermore, co-immunoprecpietation assays and immunofluorescence studies have suggested that the human orthologues of EYS and Prominin-1 do not interact. The mutation screening of PROM1 has resulted in identification of seven heterozygous novel variants in six unrelated arRP patients; however, pathogenicity of the changes could not be established. Altogether, the results of the study have demonstrated that EYS may be a novel protein associated with the photoreceptor ciliary axoneme, where it could play a role in maintenance of the photoreceptor outer segments. Furthermore, the analysis of the interacome of EYS has demonstrated that it may require the activity of AIPL1 for correct folding and trafficking, and that the functional link of EYS and Prominin-1 described in Drosophila is unlikely to be conserved in humans. The knowledge gained from the study presented herein has brought us closer to unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying arRP and adds to the overall understanding of the physiology of the retina in health and disease.
Phylogenetic investigation of Avena diploid species and the maternal genome donor of Avena polyploids.

We investigated the species and genome relationships among 82 Avena accessions representing thirteen diploid species (A and C genomes), six tetraploids (AB and AC genomes) and four hexaploids (ACD genome) to infer the evolutionary pathways in Avena using the plastid matK gene and the trnL-F region. The matK and trnL-F sequences pointed to the A-genome diploid species as maternal parents of the polyploid species. Furthermore, different A-genome diploid species might have served as the A genome donor of several different polyploid species. The probable ancestor of most hexaploid species, of the AC-genome tetraploids, and of the AB-genome species A. agadiriana was A. wiestii (A s genome). The likely donor of the other three AB-genome tetraploids was A. hirtula (also A s genome) and A. damascena (A d genome) appears to be the A genome donor of the hexaploid A. fatua. The A genome origin of A. fatua differs from that for the other hexaploid Avena species, which is different from the common assumption that the hexaploid species evolved from a single hexaploid ancestor followed by gain or loss of domestication genes. Thus, several separate maternal lineages might be involved in different polyploid species.
Emergency service providers' organizational climate and its role in the development of traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth

Emergency service providers are at risk for developing symptoms of traumatic stress because of the frequency and severity of trauma that they may endure while on the job (Regehr & Bober, 2005). However, it has become increasingly clear that factors, other than traumatic events, might be involved in the development of traumatic stress among emergency service providers. The present study examined the relationship between emergency service providers' organizational climate and organizational commitment to the presence of traumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth. Participants included a sample of 251 Canadian emergency service providers (198 firefighters, 35 paramedics, 6 police officers, and 12 victim service providers). The study utilized selfreport data obtained from an anonymous internet survey. Measures of traumatic stress symptoms, posttraumatic growth, multiple dimensions of job stress, organizational commitment, organizational support, and team cohesion were included. Moderated multiple regression and path analyses were used to elucidate the precise relationship between the aforementioned variables. Results from the present study indicate that the organizational variables had direct, mediating, and moderating relationships with traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Furthermore, results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that the organizational variables predicted a significant proportion of the variance in traumatic stress symptoms, above and beyond the characteristics of trauma exposure. Together these findings suggest that emergency service providers' organizational climate and organizational commitment might have the potential to prevent or engender the development of traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth.
Interaction between zoonotic bacteria and free living amoebas. A new angle of an epidemiological polyhedron of public health importance

espanolDesde hace varios anos, diversos estudios se han abocado a estudiar la endosimbiosis entre especies bacterianas y amebas de vida libre, pero los eventos que conlleva esta interaccion en relacion con los mecanismos de ingreso y escape bacterianos no estan del todo claros. Las amebas de vida libre, especialmente Acanthamoeba castellanii, son consideradas importantes depredadores bacterianos, por lo que tienen un significativo rol ambiental en el control de las comunidades microbianas. Sin embargo, diversas bacterias son capaces de evitar la digestion por parte del protozoo y beneficiarse de la relacion con este. A. castellanii es un microorganismo ubicuo que se encuentra en ambientes acuaticos y terrestres. Estos nichos, particularmente los ambientes humedos, los comparte con diferentes generos bacterianos, entre los que se encuentran patogenos para el ser humano, muchos de ellos de caracter zoonotico, los cuales pueden llegar a establecer una relacion endosimbiotica con la ameba, pudiendo sobrevivir en las vacuolas del protozoo desde dias hasta meses. La literatura cientifica describe una gran cantidad de especies bacterianas que interactuan con A. castellanii. El objetivo de esta revision es describir aspectos relevantes de las interacciones establecidas entre A. castellanii y diferentes generos bacterianos, la mayoria de ellos de caracter zoonotico, y su importancia para la salud publica. EnglishSince many years ago, several studies reported the endosymbiosis between bacteria species and free living amoebas. However, the mechanisms involved in the bacteria penetration and release from the amoeba are not clear. The free living amoebas especially Acanthamoeba castellanii are considered important bacteria predators, for that reason they have a significant role in the control of microbial populations in particular environments. However, some bacteria are capable to avoid the digestion from the amoeba and take advantage of this intimate relationship. A. castellanii is an ubiquitous organism present in aquatic and soil environments. Particularly in humid environments they are found sharing with different bacteria species, including those pathogen for humans transmitted by animals. The interaction between the bacteria and the amoebas may result in a close endosymbiotic relationship that allows the bacteria to survive inside the vacuoles of the protozoa for days or months. The purpose of this review is to describe the relevant aspects of the interaction between A. castellanii and different bacteria species, mostly those with relevance in public health and related with zoonosis.
The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe

Since 2008 there have been many records in Europe (British Isles, Spain, France, Italy) of a large terrestrial planarian morphologically very similar to the Brazilian species Obama marmorata. Sequences of mitochondrial (Cox1) and nuclear (18S, 28S, ITS-1 and EF) genes from European specimens and some from Brazil indicate that they belong to a species different from that of other specimens also collected in Brazil. Moreover, the phylogenetic results show that they are not sister-species. Histological sections of both Brazilian and European specimens reveal subtle morphological differences between the two species. Obama marmorata is confined to Brazil, and the second, herein described new species, Obama nungara sp. nov., is found in Brazil and Europe. These cryptic species may be syntopic in areas in Brazil. The new species occurs in human-modified environments both in Brazil and in Europe. We also conclude that the specimens from Spain and Argentina identified previously as Obama marmorata belong to the new species.