Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in child behavioral problems and maternal attachment towards children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder following behavioral parent training: A pilot study

Fig. 1 (a) Behavior changes with time in the BPT + RCC group. In the BPT + RCC group, scores at three time points were compared by repeated one-way analysis of variance: baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and follow-up (T3). Error bar 1 standard deviation. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 (CBCL total: F2,82 = 14.108, P < 0.0001; T1–T2: mean = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.63–5.42, P = 0.0005; T1–T3: mean = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.77–6.71, P < 0.0001. CBCL emotional dysregulation: F2,82 = 3.441, P = 0.0367; T1–T2: mean = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.004–0.85, P = 0.0482; T1–T3: mean = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.07–1.03, P = 0.0257. PSI attachment: F2,82 = 9.961, P = 0.0001; T1–T2: mean = 7.33, 95% CI = 1.70–12.97, P = 0.0121; T1–T3: mean = 13.14, 95% CI = 6.35–19.93, P = 0.0003; T2–T3: mean = 5.81, 95% CI = 0.45–11.17, P = 0.0342. PSI acceptability: F2,82 = 8.699, P = 0.0004; T1–T2: mean = 5.524, 95% CI = 2.7534–8.2942, P = 0.0002; T1–T3: mean = 7.643, 95% CI =3.1408–12.1449 P = 0.014; T2–T3: mean = 2.119, 95% CI = 1.8629 to 6.101, P = 0.2888). (b) Correlation between ΔCBCL (T1–T3) and ΔPSI (T1–T3) in the BPT + RCC group. ΔCBCL total (T1–T3) revealed a significant positive correlation between ΔPSI attachment (T1–T3) (r = 0.310, P = 0.0461) and ΔPSI acceptability (T1–T3) (r = 0.363, P = 0.0181): baseline (T1) and follow-up (T3). BPT, behavioral parent training; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; PSI, Parenting Stress Index; RCC, routine clinical care. Changes in child behavioral problems and maternal attachment towards children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder following behavioral parent training: A pilot study
Context‐dependent responses of terrestrial invertebrates to anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment: A meta‐analysis

Anthropogenic increases in nitrogen (N) concentrations in the environment are affecting plant diversity and ecosystems worldwide, but relatively little is known about N impacts on terrestrial invertebrate communities. Here, we performed an exploratory meta‐analysis of 4365 observations from 126 publications reporting on the richness (number of taxa) or abundance (number of individuals per taxon) of terrestrial arthropods or nematodes in relation to N addition. We found that the response of invertebrates to N enrichment is highly dependent on both species' traits and local climate. The abundance of arthropods with incomplete metamorphosis, including agricultural pest species, increased in response to N enrichment. In contrast, arthropods exhibiting complete or no metamorphosis, including pollinators and detritivores, showed a declining abundance trend with increasing N enrichment, particularly in warmer climates. These contrasting and context‐dependent responses may explain why we detected no overall response of arthropod richness. For nematodes, the abundance response to N enrichment was dependent on mean annual precipitation and varied between feeding guilds. We found a declining trend in abundance with N enrichment in dry areas and an increasing trend in wet areas, with slopes differing between feeding guilds. For example, at mean levels of precipitation, bacterivore abundance showed a positive trend in response to N addition while fungivore abundance declined. We further observed an overall decline in nematode richness with N addition. These N‐induced changes in invertebrate communities could have negative consequences for various ecosystem functions and services, including those contributing to human food production.
Mobile App and Digital System for Patients after Myocardial Infarction (afterAMI): Results from a Randomized Trial

Cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction is crucial and improves patients’ prognosis. It aims to optimize cardiovascular risk factors’ control. Providing additional support via mobile applications has been previously suggested. However, data from prospective, randomized trials evaluating digital solutions are scarce. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a mobile application—afterAMI—in the clinical setting and to investigate the impact of a digitally-supported model of care in comparison with standard rehabilitation. A total of 100 patients after myocardial infarction were enrolled. Patients were randomized into groups with either a rehabilitation program and access to afterAMI or standard rehabilitation alone. The primary endpoint was rehospitalizations and/or urgent outpatient visits after 6 months. Cardiovascular risk factors’ control was also analyzed. Median age was 61 years; 65% of the participants were male. This study failed to limit the number of primary endpoint events (8% with app vs. 27% without app; p = 0.064). However, patients in the interventional group had lower NT-proBNP levels (p = 0.0231) and better knowledge regarding cardiovascular disease risk factors (p = 0.0009), despite no differences at baseline. This study showcases how a telemedical tool can be used in the clinical setting.
Exploring semantic verbal fluency patterns and their relationship to age and Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome

Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at ultra‐high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by poor episodic memory and semantic fluency in the preclinical phase in the general population. We explored semantic fluency performance in DS and its relationship to age, AD, and blood biomarkers.
Timescale separation in the coordinated switching of bacterial flagellar motors

The output of the bacterial chemotaxis signaling pathway, the level of the intracellular regulator CheY-P, modulates the rotation direction of the flagellar motor, thereby regulating bacterial run-and-tumble behavior. The multiple flagellar motors on an E. coli cell are controlled by a common cytoplasmic pool of CheY-P. Fluctuation of the CheY-P level was thought to be able to coordinate the switching of multiple motors. Here, we measured the correlation of rotation directions between two motors on a cell, finding that it surprisingly exhibits two well separated timescales. We found that the slow timescale (∼6 s) can be explained by the slow fluctuation of the CheY-P level due to stochastic activity of the chemotactic adaptation enzymes, whereas the fast timescale (∼0.3 s) can be explained by the random pulse-like fluctuation of the CheY-P level, due probably to the activity of the chemoreceptor clusters. We extracted information on the properties of the fast CheY-P pulses based on the correlation measurements. The two well-separated timescales in the fluctuation of CheY-P level help to coordinate multiple motors on a cell and to enhance bacterial chemotactic performance.
Visual abilities and exploration behaviors as predictors of intelligence in autistic children from preschool to school age

The current prospective cohort study investigated whether early perceptual abilities, measured at preschool age, could predict later intellectual abilities at school age in a group of 41 autistic (9 girls, 32 boys) and 57 neurotypical children (29 girls, 28 boys). More than 80% of the autistic children were considered minimally verbal. Participants were assessed at three time points between the age of 2 and 8 years using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence–Fourth Edition as a measure of full-scale IQ and the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices as a measure of fluid reasoning abilities (Gf). The performance on two perceptual tests (Visual Search and Children Embedded Figures Test) and the frequency of early non-verbal behaviors served as predictors of later intellectual abilities. Early performance on perceptual tests measured at preschool age was positively related to later full-scale IQ in both autistic and neurotypical children. Furthermore, both early non-verbal behaviors and performance on perceptual tests measured at preschool age were associated with later Gf in the autistic group. In contrast, only the performance on Children Embedded Figures Test was associated with later Gf in the neurotypical group. Early perceptual abilities\and non-verbal behaviors may be indicators of general intelligence and Gf abilities. Lay Abstract At the time of diagnosis, parents of autistic children frequently wonder what the future holds for their children in terms of intellectual development. It remains however difficult to answer this question at such a young age. Indeed, while early precursors of intelligence are well known for children following a typical development, these precursors remain to be identified for autistic children. Some theoretical models of intelligence suggest that perceptual abilities or behaviors, as seen early in autistic cognitive development, could be early indicators of intelligence. However, research examining the relation between early perceptual predictors and autistic intelligence over time is needed. This article is the first to consider a variety of early perceptual abilities and behaviors as precursors/predictors of intelligence at school age in autistic children. We showed that better performance in perceptual tasks at preschool age predicted better intellectual abilities measured later in autistic children. Importantly, our sample of autistic children represented the whole spectrum, including children with few to no spoken words, who are an important proportion of autistic preschoolers. While early perceptual abilities and behaviors may not substitute for a formal intellectual assessment, our results support that these indices may help estimate later intellectual level in autistic children. Perceptual abilities have the advantage to be easy to observe at preschool age and seem to fit the cognitive style of autistic children. Assessment methods could probably gain from including and focusing more on the perceptual strengths of autistic children.
Alcohol and Other Substance Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2021

Adolescence is a critical phase of development and is frequently a period of initiating and engaging in risky behaviors, including alcohol and other substance use. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated stressors might have affected adolescent involvement in these behaviors. To examine substance use patterns and understand how substance use among high school students changed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC analyzed data from the nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey. This report presents estimated prevalences among high school students of current (i.e., previous 30 days) alcohol use, marijuana use, binge drinking, and prescription opioid misuse and lifetime alcohol, marijuana, synthetic marijuana, inhalants, ecstasy, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and injection drug use and prescription opioid misuse. Trends during 2009–2021 were assessed using logistic regression and joinpoint regression analyses. Changes in substance use from 2019 to 2021 were assessed using prevalence differences and prevalence ratios, stratified by demographic characteristics. Prevalence of substance use measures by sexual identity and current co-occurring substance use were estimated using 2021 data. Substance use prevalence declined during 2009–2021. From 2019 to 2021, the prevalence of current alcohol use, marijuana use, and binge drinking and lifetime use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine and prescription opioid misuse decreased; lifetime inhalant use increased. In 2021, substance use varied by sex, race and ethnicity, and sexual identity. Approximately one third of students (29%) reported current use of alcohol or marijuana or prescription opioid misuse; among those reporting current substance use, approximately 34% used two or more substances. Widespread implementation of tailored evidence-based policies, programs, and practices likely to reduce risk factors for adolescent substance use and promote protective factors might further decrease substance use among U.S. high school students and is urgently needed in the context of the changing marketplaces for alcohol beverage products and other drugs (e.g., release of high-alcohol beverage products and increased availability of counterfeit pills containing fentanyl).
Event-related correlates of compassion for social pain

ABSTRACT Ostracism – being intentionally excluded – is painful, and when experienced vicariously, it elicits self-reported and neural responses correlated with compassion. This study examines event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to vicarious ostracism in a computer-simulated ball-toss game, called Cyberball. Participants observed three ostensible players at other universities play two rounds of Cyberball; in the first round all players were included, but in the second round, one player was ostracized. After the game, participants reported their compassion and wrote e-mails to the ostracism victims and perpetrators, coded for prosociality and harm. Condition differences in exclusion versus inclusion throws emerged in a frontal negative-going peak between 108 and 230 ms, and in a posterior long-latency positive-going deflection between 548 and 900 ms. It is believed that the former reflects the feedback error-related negativity component (fERN) and the latter the late positive potential (LPP). The fERN was not associated with self-reported compassion or helping behavior; however, the LPP was positively associated with empathic anger and helping ostracism victims. Self-reported compassion was positively correlated with a frontal positive-going peak between 190 and 304 ms, resembling the P3a. These findings highlight the importance of studying motivational dimensions of compassion alongside its cognitive and affective dimensions.
Letter in Reply: indirect comparison of quality-of-life scores between patients with advanced breast cancer receiving palbociclib and abemaciclib in combination with fulvestrant

We thank the correspondents for their complimentary and thoughtful response to our indirect comparison of quality-of-life scores between patients with advanced breast cancer receiving palbociclib (in PALOMA-3) and abemaciclib (in MONARCH-2) in combination with fulvestrant [1] . We agree that the clinical relevance of ﬁndings from indirect comparisons to patients and clinicians is contingent on a careful evaluation of the methodological rigor of the study design and analysis, made possible through transparent reporting. We welcome the opportunity to reply to the points raised by the correspondents that primarily concern the interpretation of our results. First, the correspondents used ‘visual evaluation’ to qualitatively compare the efﬁcacy of palbociclib and abe-maciclib in an underpowered subgroup of patients without sensitivity to previous endocrine therapy. However, Rugo and colleagues conducted a quantitative analysis using similar methods to the present study to compare the relative efﬁcacy of palbociclib against ribociclib and abemaciclib, concluding that the three agents demonstrated similar overall survival after adjusting for known cross-trial differences [2] . To state otherwise is speculation and not empirically supported by systematic analysis. Second, the authors suggest that the efﬁcacy of abemaciclib demonstrated in the adjuvant setting is supportive of its clinical effectiveness. However, the disease processes and prognosis of early versus advanced breast cancer are as different as they are complex. Again, empiric evidence within a
Classics of infectious diseases: A bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles

In our study, the 100 most cited publications in the field of “Infectious Diseases” in the WOS database were evaluated bibliometrically. “Web of Science” database “advanced mode” feature was used. A search was made in the field of “Infectious Diseases. ” The top 100 most cited publications were determined. The total number of citations of the publications, the annual number of citations, the authors, the information of the study and the journal were analyzed. There were a total of 552,828 publications in the field of “Infectious Diseases” in the WOS between 1975 and 2023. The total citation average of the 100 most cited publications was 2246.02 ± 2165.35 and the annual citation average was 208.04 ± 215.00. The first 3 subjects in the first hundred articles were listed as antibiotic resistance (21%), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (17%) and gram positive agents (10%). The first 3 journals in which the studies were published the most were determined as “Clinical Infectious Diseases” (33%), “Lancet Infectious Diseases” (20%), and “Emerging Infectious Diseases” (9%). A significant relationship was found between the subject of the study, the quarter (Q) category of the journal, the continent of authors and publisher, the funding status, the year of publication, the open access status and the number of citations per year (P < .0001). Our study is the first to analyze the top 100 most cited studies in the field of “Infectious Diseases” in the literature and their citation characteristics. Most of the most cited studies on the subject were on antibiotic resistance. The study subject, author, journal, publisher and publication access features, funding status and publication year affect the number of citations per year.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART RATE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION IN NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES: HOW DO LABORATORY-BASED EXERCISE TESTING RESULTS TRANSLATE TO HOME-BASED AEROBIC TRAINING SESSIONS?

Objective To examine the heart rate-perceived exertion relationship between maximal exercise testing and home-based aerobic training in neuromuscular diseases. Design Multicentre randomized controlled trial, intervention group data. Participants Individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (n = 17), post-polio syndrome (n = 7) or other neuromuscular diseases (n = 6). Methods Participants followed a 4-month, home-based aerobic training programme guided by heart rate. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (6–20 Borg Scale) were assessed for each minute during a maximal exercise test, and at the end of each exercise interval and recovery period during training. Heart rate and corresponding ratings of perceived exertion values of individual participants during training were visualized using plots, together with the exercise testing linear regression line between heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion. Results High correlation coefficients (i.e. > 0.70) were found between heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion, in all participants during testing (n = 30), and in 57% of the participants during training. Based on the plots the following distribution was found; participants reporting lower (n = 12), similar (n = 10), or higher (n = 8) ratings of perceived exertion values for corresponding heart rates during training compared with testing. Conclusion Most participants had a different perception of effort for corresponding heart rates during training in comparison with exercise testing. Healthcare professionals should be aware that this may imply under- and over-training. LAY ABSTRACT Aerobic training, also called endurance training, is usually guided by target heart rate ranges based on exercise testing results. It is not known how the perception of effort for the same heart rate during a training programme relates to the perceived effort during exercise testing in people with neuromuscular diseases. This is important information for healthcare professionals. For instance, if patients report a higher perceived effort during training, this may explain their difficulties reaching target heart rate ranges. Maximal exercise testing and training data from 30 individuals with neuromuscular diseases were analysed. Most participants reported lower (10 participants) or higher (8 participants) perceived effort values for similar heart rates during training compared with exercise testing. Healthcare professionals in neuromuscular rehabilitation should be aware that this may indicate too low loads in some individuals and too high loads in others. This requires evaluation in further research.
Chronic pain relief after receiving affective touch: A single case report.

Affective touch is gentle slow stroking of the skin, which can reduce experimentally induced pain. Our participant, suffering from Parkinson's Disease and chronic pain, received 1 week of non-affective touch and 1 week of affective touch as part of a larger study. Interestingly, after 2 days of receiving affective touch, the participant started to feel less pain. After 7 days, the burning painful sensations fully disappeared. This suggest that affective touch may reduce chronic pain in clinical populations.
Associating IDH and TERT Mutations in Glioma with Diffusion Anisotropy in Normal-Appearing White Matter

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: IDH and TERT mutations might infiltratively manifest within normal-appearing white matter with specific phenotypes such as microstructural changes undetectable by standard MR imaging contrasts but potentially associable with DTI variables. The aim of this retrospective glioma study was to statistically investigate IDH and TERT associations and classifications with DTI reported microstructure in normal-appearing white matter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective data from patients imaged between March 2012 and February 2016 were analyzed by grouping them as IDH–TERT subgroups and by IDH and TERT mutation status. DTI variables in the IDH-TERT subgroups were first identified by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn-Šidák multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction. IDH and TERT mutations were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. Classification by thresholding was tested using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: Of 170 patients, 70 patients (mean age, 43.73 [SD, 15.32] years; 40 men) were included. Whole-brain normal-appearing white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and relative anisotropy (RA) (P = .002) were significantly higher and the contralateral-ipsilateral hemispheric differences, ΔFA and ΔRA, (P < .001) were significantly lower in IDHonly patients compared with TERTonly, with a higher whole-brain normal-appearing white matter FA and RA (P = .01) and ΔFA and ΔRA (P = .002) compared to double positive patients. Whole-brain normal-appearing white matter ADC (P = .02), RD (P = .001), λ2 (P = .001), and λ3 (P = .001) were higher in IDH wild-type. Whole-brain normal-appearing white matter λ1 (AD) (P = .003), FA (P < .001), and RA (P = .003) were higher, but Δλ1 (P = .002), ΔFA, and ΔRA (P < .001) were lower in IDH mutant versus IDH wild-type. ΔFA (P = .01) and ΔRA (P = .02) were significantly higher in TERT mutant versus TERT wild-type. CONCLUSIONS: Axial and nonaxial diffusivities, anisotropy indices in the normal-appearing white matter and their interhemispheric differences demonstrated microstructural differences between IDH and TERT mutations, with the potential for classification methods.