Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Effect of Dental Work as a Stressor on Cognition

A b s t r a c t This project illustrates an approach for measuring how stress influences physiology and cognition. We introduce a set of tasks for measuring a range of mechanisms that make up cognition while under stress, and a corresponding set of models that perform these tasks. To illustrate the use of the tasks we present data from a single subject-experimenter that experienced four dental procedures. We found that the dental procedures led to stress as measured by cortisol measurements taken from saliva and an increased heart rate and (adjusted) blood pressure. The variance in stress response was perhaps the effect of practice, habituation, the result of the dental procedures becoming shorter and less invasive, other daily variations, or a combination of these factors. These physiological effects are consistent with existing reports in the literature. The subject's performance on this set of cognitive tasks did not appear to be greatly affected when stressed. On a visual search task, when stressed (as measured by cortisol) the subject was equally able to find simple targets; his response time increased slightly after the stressor; driving performance was slightly poorer before the stressor (the result of anticipatory stress, perhaps); his performance improved with practice on a task that measured working memory capacity; and he performed slightly less well on a task performing repeated, serial subtractions. We have implemented about a dozen important theories of how stress influences cognition as sets of changes, overlays, to the cognitive architecture. They are designed to apply to all ACT-R models. These overlays need to be tested with this or a larger dataset. These results have implications for safety critical systems—under stress, cognition may be influenced in specific ways and this set of tasks provides a starting point to measure how and how much. If we can characterize the effects of stress on cognition, we should be able to build better interfaces. Finally, perhaps the most influential aspect of this project is that the tasks and summary models are reusable by others to study the effects of other moderators by gathering data and by modeling the effects on cognition. We are in the process of using an improved set of tasks with 135 subjects with three different task stressors and with three levels of caffeine as a potential mitigator. Morgan helped create the computer software apparatus and helped revise this report. Shelli Stine and Courtney Whetzel …
Editorial: Quantitative Analysis of Neuroanatomy

The true revolution in the age of digital neuroanatomy is the ability to extensively quantify anatomical structures and thus investigate structure-function relationships in great detail. Large-scale projects were recently launched with the aim of providing infrastructure for brain simulations. These projects will increase the need for a precise understanding of brain structure, e.g., through statistical analysis and models. From articles in this Research Topic, we identify three main themes that clearly illustrate how new quantitative approaches are helping advance our understanding of neural structure and function. First, new approaches to reconstruct neurons and circuits from empirical data are aiding neuroanatomical mapping. Second, methods are introduced to improve understanding of the underlying principles of organization. Third, by combining existing knowledge from lower levels of organization, models can be used to make testable predictions about a higher-level organization where knowledge is absent or poor. This latter approach is useful for examining statistical properties of specific network connectivity when current experimental methods have not yet been able to fully reconstruct whole circuits of more than a few hundred neurons.
When Suppressing One Stereotype Leads to Rebound of Another

A known consequence of stereotype suppression is post-suppressional rebound (PSR), an ironic activation of the suppressed stereotype. This is typically explained as an unintended by-product from a dual-process model of mental control. Relying on this model, stereotype rebound is believed to be conceptual. Alternative accounts predict PSR to be featural or procedural. According to the latter account, stereotype rebound would not be limited to the suppressed social category, but could occur for a target from any social category. The occurrence of procedural stereotype rebound was examined across five experiments. Suppression of one particular stereotype consistently led to rebound for social targets belonging to the same or a different stereotype in an essay-writing task (Experiments 1-3) and led to facilitation in recognition of stereotype-consistent words (Experiment 4). Finally, stereotype suppression was shown to impact on assessments of stereotype use but not on heuristic thinking (Experiment 5).
Data filtering for wireless sensor networks using forecasting and value of information

Energy constitutes a scarce resource in wireless sensor networks, making energy-efficient operation mandatory. Data transmission has been identified as one of the most energy consuming operations. Consequently, different approaches to reduce data transmissions have been proposed, like data filtering. Recently, the value of information of sensor data has been identified for data filtering, explicitly incorporating application-specific and context-dependent information needs. The filtering is done according to the benefit a data transmission would induce at the recipient. We propose an on-mote filtering approach, which relies on local multi-step assessment of sensor data with forecasting and assessing value of information. We apply our approach to logistics transport processes and evaluate it concerning number of data transmissions and energy efficiency. Our simulation results showed that with our approach the number of data transmissions and the energy consumption can be reduced by over 25% to over 60%, while simultaneously accounting for user-specific information desires.
Agroecosystems, Nitrogen-use Efficiency, and Nitrogen Management

Abstract The global challenge of meeting increased food demand and protecting environmental quality will be won or lost in cropping systems that produce maize, rice, and wheat. Achieving synchrony between N supply and crop demand without excess or deficiency is the key to optimizing trade-offs amongst yield, profit, and environmental protection in both large-scale systems in developed countries and small-scale systems in developing countries. Setting the research agenda and developing effective policies to meet this challenge requires quantitative understanding of current levels of N-use efficiency and losses in these systems, the biophysical controls on these factors, and the economic returns from adoption of improved management practices. Although advances in basic biology, ecology, and biogeochemistry can provide answers, the magnitude of the scientific challenge should not be underestimated because it becomes increasingly difficult to control the fate of N in cropping systems that must sustain yield increases on the world's limited supply of productive farm land.
Wafer reconstruction: An alternative 3D integration process flow

Wafer reconstruction is a process of forming an integral handle-able wafer by filling the gaps between the dies after die-to-wafer assembly to allow for further processing on the landing wafer, e.g. thinning, redistribution layer deposition, and bumping. This paper examines key aspects and challenges of different wafer reconstruction process flows. Based on analytical and finite element method modeling, guidelines for material selection and structural design are generated. One selected process flow is successfully demonstrated in a typical 300 mm eWLB production environment, proving the feasibility of wafer reconstruction as a 3D integration process flow.
Constructing online audio dictionaries for bilingual Mandarin-Taiwan dialects based on Web 2.0 concept

In recent years, due to the popularity of Internet, more and more people use online dictionaries instead of the traditional dictionaries. However, the functions of the existing online Mandarin-Taiwan dialects dictionaries are not complete enough. We developed Mandarin-Taiwan dialects (MinNan and Hakka) online audio dictionaries with speech synthesis technology. The Mandarin-MinNan online dictionary is constructed based on the concept of Web 2.0. And it has 8 major functions. They are phonetic symbols providing, online pronunciation, semantic interpretation, example sentence providing, machine translation, unknown word processing, expanding mechanism providing and test. The purpose of expanding mechanism providing is to increase the number of words in the Mandarin- Taiwan dialects dictionary of our system. Currently the number of words in the bilingual dictionary is still not enough. We hope to solve this problem based on the concept of web 2.0.
Galactic dynamos supported by magnetic helicity fluxes

We present a simple semi-analytical model of non-linear, mean field galactic dynamos and use it to study the effects of various magnetic helicity fluxes. The dynamo equations are reduced using the 'no-z' approximation to a non-linear system of ordinary differential equations in time; we demonstrate that the model reproduces accurately earlier results, including those where non-linear behaviour is driven by a magnetic helicity flux. We discuss the implications and interplay of two types of magnetic helicity flux, one produced by advection (e.g. due to the galactic fountain or wind) and the other, arising from anisotropy of turbulence as suggested by Vishniac & Cho. We argue that the latter is significant if the galactic differential rotation is strong enough: in our model, for R ω ≤ -10 in terms of the corresponding turbulent magnetic Reynolds number. We confirm that the intensity of gas outflow from the galactic disc optimal for the dynamo action is close to that expected for normal spiral galaxies. The steady-state strength of the large-scale magnetic field supported by the helicity advection is still weaker than that corresponding to equipartition with the turbulent energy. However, the Vishniac-Cho helicity flux can boost magnetic field further to achieve energy equipartition with turbulence. For stronger outflows that may occur in starburst galaxies, the Vishniac-Cho flux can be essential for the dynamo action. However, this mechanism requires a large-scale magnetic field of at least ≃1 μG to be launched, so that it has to be preceded by a conventional dynamo assisted by the advection of magnetic helicity by the fountain or wind.
Age at Menopause and Associated Bio-Social Factors of Health in Punjabi Women

The objectives of present study are to assess the average age at menopause, to evaluate the influence of certain bio-social factors on menopause, and to find the menopausal symptoms experienced by Punjabi women. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 564 Punjabi women of Chandigarh, ranging in age between 40-60 years. Out of these, 288 women who had attained natural menopause form the subject of present investigation. The mean age at natural menopause was found to be 47.91(± 3.16) years. The mean ages at menopause among early and late menopausal groups were 41.04 and 51.05 years, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found for height, weight, and parity, while BMI, body fat, blood pressure, age at marriage, and age at first child birth, failed to reveal significant differences between early and late menopausal groups. The menopausal symptoms, such as, hot flashes and irritability occurred with greatest fre- quency during as well as after menopause among women of the present study.
Enhancing secrecy by full-duplex antenna selection in cognitive networks

We consider an underlay cognitive network with secondary users that support full-duplex communication. In this context, we propose the application of antenna selection at the secondary destination node to improve the secondary user secrecy performance. Antenna selection rules for cases where exact and average knowledge of the eavesdropping channels are investigated. The secrecy outage probabilities for the secondary eavesdropping network are analyzed, and it is shown that the secrecy performance improvement due to antenna selection is due to coding gain rather than diversity gain. This is very different from classical antenna selection for data transmission, which usually leads to a higher diversity gain. Numerical simulations are included to verify the performance of the proposed scheme.
Market Economy Based Resource Allocation in Grids

Certificate This is to certify that the Thesis titled " Market Economy Based Resource Allocation in Grids " , submitted by Sai Rahul Reddy P, to the School of Information Technology, in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Master of Technology (Information Technology) is a bona-fide record of work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. The thesis has fulfilled all the requirements as per the regulations of the institute and, in my opinion, has reached the standard needed for submission. i ABSTRACT In this thesis, we study several auction based resource selection policies for users in grid, which assist them in choosing the resource according to user preference. While choosing the resource these policies try to optimize parameters like average turnaround time, average budget per job, and number of jobs finished within deadline according to user preference. First we proposed simple TimeOptimized and BudgetOptimized policies which improve only one parameter i.e. either average turnaround time or average budget per job. We compared these policies with a Random policy which selects resources randomly. Later we improved these algorithms and proposed NewTimeOptimized and NewBudgetOptimized policies which consider the success rate also. We next presented a policy that considers the relative preferences of the user for the different parameters in selecting a resource. Finally we proposed a history based policy that tries to improve above parameters by considering the previous bids. We used GridSim simulation framework to evaluate our policies. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Frames of reference and Molyneux's question: Cross-linguistic evidence

3.0 Frames of reference across modalities 3.1 The notion 'spatial frames of reference' 3.2 'Frames of reference' across modalities and the disciplines that study them 3.3 Linguistic Frames of Reference in Cross-Linguistic Perspective 3.3.1 The three linguistic frames of reference 3.3.2 The 'logical structure' of the three frames of reference 3.3.3 Realigning Frames of reference across disciplines and modalities
On the Dynamical Stability and Instability of Parker Problem

We investigate a perturbation problem for the three-dimensional compressible isentropic viscous magnetohydrodynamic system with zero resistivity in the presence of a modified gravitational force in a vertical strip domain in which the velocity of the fluid is non-slip on the boundary, and focus on the stabilizing effect of the (equilibrium) magnetic field through the non-slip boundary condition. We show that there is a discriminant $\Xi$, depending on the known physical parameters, for the stability/instability of the perturbation problem. More precisely, if $\Xi<0$, then the perturbation problem is unstable, i.e., the Parker instability occurs, while if $\Xi>0$ and the initial perturbation satisfies some relations, then there exists a global (perturbation) solution which decays algebraically to zero in time, i.e., the Parker instability does not happen. The stability results in this paper reveal the stabilizing effect of the magnetic field through the non-slip boundary condition and the importance of boundary conditions upon the Parker instability, and demonstrate that a sufficiently strong magnetic field can prevent the Parker instability from occurring. In addition, based on the instability results, we further rigorously verify the Parker instability under Schwarzschild's or Tserkovnikov's instability conditions in the sense of Hadamard for a horizontally periodic domain.
Effects of ΔNp73β on cisplatin treatment in colon cancer cells

p73 can activate transcription of p53‐responsive genes, thereby inhibiting cell growth. An alternative promoter in the TP73 gene gives rise to an N‐terminally truncated isoform of p73, ΔNp73, which lacks the transactivation domain of the full length TAp73 protein. TAp73 is considered pro‐apoptotic, and ΔNp73 anti‐apoptotic. In this study, we overexpressed ΔNp73β in p53 wild type and p53 mutant colon cancer cell lines and further exposed the cells to cancer therapeutic drug cisplatin. The results showed that cisplatin decreased the protein expression levels of ΔNp73β in a dose‐dependent manner, and both TAp73 and p53 were upregulated after cisplatin treatment. Further, clonogenic potential and cell viability were decreased, and apoptotic cells increased, in p53 mutant and in p53 wild type cells. Cellular viability was significantly higher in ΔNp73β‐cells than mock‐transfected cells. However, ΔNp73β overexpression did not affect the cellular susceptibility to cisplatin. In conclusion, the overexpression of ΔNp73β increases viability in p53 wild type and p53 mutant colon cancer cells, and cisplatin induces the degradation of ΔNp73β in a dose‐dependent manner. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunomodulating Effects of OM-89, a Bacterial Extract from Escherichia coli, in Murine and Human Leukocytes

Abstract OM-89 (Uro-Vaxom®) is a bacterial extract prepared from 18 uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains used for the prevention and treatment of recurrent infections of the urinary tract. The immunomodulating effects of the bacterial extract were investigated in a mouse model. After a single oral administration of OM-89, leukocyte activation was demonstrated ex vivo in blood and liver cells using a chemiluminescence assay. An increase of the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in supernatants of peritoneal cells was also observed. After repeated oral administration of OM-89, increased serum immunoglobulin G responses against several E. coli strains were found. Also, adjuvant properties of the extract using ovalbumin as an antigen could be demonstrated. In line with these findings in the mouse system, preliminary in vitro data obtained in the human system showed an increase in TNF-α and interleukin-6 production after stimulation of monocyte derived dendritic cells with OM-89. The activation of immune cells is likely to be mediated via Toll like receptors (TLRs); thus, the binding of components of the extract to TLR-4 and marginally to TLR-2 could be shown.
Social Determinants of Community Health Services Utilization among the Users in China: A 4-Year Cross-Sectional Study

Background To identify social factors determining the frequency of community health service (CHS) utilization among CHS users in China. Methods Nationwide cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. A total of 86,116 CHS visitors selected from 35 cities were interviewed. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze characteristics of CHS users, frequency of CHS utilization, and the socio-demographic and socio-economic factors influencing frequency of CHS utilization. Results Female and senior CHS clients were more likely to make 3–5 and ≥6 CHS visits (as opposed to 1–2 visits) than male and young clients, respectively. CHS clients with higher education were less frequent users than individuals with primary education or less in 2008 and 2009; in later surveys, CHS clients with higher education were the more frequent users. The association between frequent CHS visits and family income has changed significantly between 2008 and 2011. In 2011, income status did not have a discernible effect on the likelihood of making ≥6 CHS visits, and it only had a slight effect on making 3–5 CHS visits. Conclusion CHS may play an important role in providing primary health care to meet the demands of vulnerable populations in China. Over time, individuals with higher education are increasingly likely to make frequent CHS visits than individuals with primary school education or below. The gap in frequency of CHS utilization among different economic income groups decreased from 2008 to 2011.
Mapping dry forest in Central African Republic using optical and radar data

About 42% of tropical forests around the world are considered as seasonally dry and its removal contributes to a significant proportion of the 7-20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions known to originate from deforestation and forest degradation. This study focus on two methodologies using both optical and radar data developed and tested for dry forest deforestation/degradation assessment in Central African Republic (CAR) within the REDD+ context. The study area is located across three provinces of CAR: Sangha Mbaéré, Lobaye and Ombella-M'Poko representing an area of 47 640 km2.
End-to-End Adversarial Learning for Intrusion Detection in Computer Networks

This paper presents a simple yet efficient method for an anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). In reality, IDSs can be defined as a one-class classification system, where the normal traffic is the target class. The high diversity of network attacks in addition to the need for generalization, motivate us to propose a semi-supervised method. Inspired by the successes of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for training deep models in semi-unsupervised setting, we have proposed an end-to-end deep architecture for IDS. The proposed architecture is composed of two deep networks, each of which trained by competing with each other to understand the underlying concept of the normal traffic class. The key idea of this paper is to compensate the lack of anomalous traffic by approximately obtain them from normal flows. In this case, our method is not biased towards the available intrusions in the training set leading to more accurate detection. The proposed method has been evaluated on NSL-KDD dataset. The results confirm that our method outperforms the other state-of-the-art approaches.
Computing the Channel Capacity of a Communication System Affected by Uncertain Transition Probabilities

We study the problem of computing the capacity of a discrete memoryless channel under uncertainty affecting the channel law matrix, and possibly with a constraint on the average cost of the input distribution. The problem has been formulated in the literature as a max–min problem. We use the robust optimization methodology to convert the max–min problem to a standard convex optimization problem. For small-sized problems, and for many types of uncertainty, such a problem can be solved in principle using interior point methods (IPMs). However, for large-scale problems, IPMs are not practical. Here, we suggest an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(1/T)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> first-order algorithm based on <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> which is applied directly to the max–min problem.