Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Segmentation and Classification for Antinuclear Antibody Images Based on Deep Learning

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) testing is the main serological diagnosis screening test for autoimmune diseases. ANAs testing is conducted principally by the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on human epithelial cell-substrate (HEp-2) protocol. However, due to its high variability and human subjectivity, there is an insistent need to develop an efficient method for automatic image segmentation and classification. This article develops an automatic segmentation and classification framework based on artificial intelligence (AI) on the ANA images. The Otsu thresholding method and watershed segmentation algorithm are adopted to segment IIF images of cells. Moreover, multiple texture features such as scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), local binary pattern (LBP), cooccurrence among adjacent LBPs (CoALBP), and rotation invariant cooccurrence among adjacent LBPs (RIC-LBP) are utilized. Firstly, this article adopts traditional machine learning methods such as support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), and random forest (RF) and then uses ensemble classifier (ECLF) combined with soft voting rules to merge these machine learning methods for classification. The deep learning method InceptionResNetV2 is also utilized to train on the classification of cell images. Eventually, the best accuracy of 0.9269 on the Changsha dataset and 0.9635 on the ICPR 2016 dataset for the traditional methods is obtained by a combination of SIFT and RIC-LBP with the ECLF classifier, and the best accuracy obtained by the InceptionResNetV2 is 0.9465 and 0.9836 separately, which outperforms other schemes.
Comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Melanoplus differentialis (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) captured in Korea

In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive insect species Melanoplus differentialis captured in Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome of M. differentialis is 15,625 bp long and comprises 13 protein‐coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNAs, with a GC ratio of 25.2%. In total, 353 SNPs and 11 INDEL regions (total length 67 bp) were found against the previously sequenced M. differentialis mitochondrial genome recorded as public genome data. The number of interspecific variations was greater than the number of intraspecific variations in this insect. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the mitochondrial genome clustered the Melanoplus clade with two previously reported Melanoplus sequences. However, the sequences were not divided at the species‐level clade possibly as a consequence of misidentification caused by an error in the public database. Our results extend the molecular database status of Melanoplus by providing a novel complete mitochondrial genome sequence for M. differentialis that could serve as reference for further molecular studies.
Stochastic model of the 2012 PGA Tour season

Abstract An absorbing Markov chain was used to model the 2012 PGA Tour Golf Season. Expected number of steps until absorption was used to establish expected scores for different locations (fairway, primary rough, green, etc.) and distances from the hole. Strokes gained analysis was then performed to evaluate the quality of each shot hit by players on the 2012 PGA Tour. Skill rankings were developed, tradeoffs between distance and accuracy were assessed, and player strategy was analyzed for playing par 5s.
Large-scale velocity fluctuations of turbulence

Even at scales much larger than the scale of the energy supply, turbulence exhibits significant fluctuations. These large-scale fluctuations are described in a formalism that has the same mathematical structure as used for a canonical ensemble in the statistical mechanics. The formalism yields a universal law for the energy distribution of the fluctuations, which is confirmed with experimental data of a variety of turbulent flows. We thereby demonstrate that turbulence is related through its large-scale fluctuations to the statistical mechanics.
Bank Access Across America

Low-income and Black households are less likely to own bank accounts and visit bank branches than high-income and White households. We assess whether unequal bank access can explain why. We develop a measure of bank access based on the locations of bank branches and consumer trips to those branches from mobile device data. Residents have better bank access if branches are located closer to them or if those branches have superior qualities that attract more visitors (like better loan rates or customer service). We find no evidence that low-income communities experience a lack of access, implying that their lower branch use is plausibly due to lower demand for banks. But in Black communities, a lack of access explains the entire drop off in branch use. For residents of these areas, weaker access is not from having lower quality branches, but from branches being located farther away from them. The results highlight areas of the country that would benefit the most from public policies that expand access to banking. JEL classification: G21, J15, L87, R22
Dynamical Aspects of Twin Tropical Cyclones Associated with the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Abstract A nonlinear shallow-water model on the sphere is used to study barotropic aspects of the formation of twin tropical disturbances by Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) convection. In the model, the effect of MJO convection upon the lower-tropospheric tropical circulation was simulated by an eastward moving, meridionally elongated mass sink straddling the equator. The intensity and propagation speed of the mass sink were chosen to simulate observations that MJO convection intensifies while nearly stationary in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, weakens while moving eastward over the Maritime Continent, again intensifies once it reaches the west Pacific Ocean, and finally becomes stationary and dies off near the date line. This mass sink produced twin cyclones in the two regions where it was stationary, namely, where it was initially turned on and where it was turned off. In addition, the mass sink produced two zonally elongated cyclonic potential vorticity anomalies straddling the equator in the reg.
The effect of pinholes on the properties of Co/Cu multilayers

The shape of MH curves for Co/Cu multilayers with Cu thickness in the range of 8-10 /spl Aring/ (which show giant magnetoresistance) cannot be explained by a model containing only simple bilinear exchange. We propose that the presence of ferromagnetic pinholes in the Cu spacer layer affects the magnetization of the multilayers. We fit the MH curves to the pinhole model and estimate the density of pinholes. The density of pinholes increases dramatically for t/sub Cu/ less than 10 /spl Aring/ and tends to mask the maximum of AF coupling which occurs around t/sub Cu/=9 /spl Aring/.
Tornadogenesis with and without a Dynamic Pipe Effect

Abstract A dynamic pipe effect (DPE) has been used previously to explain the descent from aloft of tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs), and presumably embryonic tornadoes, prior to the near-ground spinup of the tornado. But for many tornadoes the TVS appears to form simultaneously over a depth spanning the lowest few kilometers. A numerical model is used to determine the conditions under which a tornado is or is not preceded by a DPE. The model governs two-dimensional, axisymmetric, forced convection inside a closed, impermeable cylinder that rotates at a constant rate. Motion relative to the tank is initiated by a time-independent buoyancy field that is varied in a suite of experiments. The need for a DPE in vortex development in the model is shown to depend on trajectories of high-angular-momentum air, driven at least initially by this buoyancy field. Indeed, when buoyancy is confined primarily to midlevels, convergence at the foot of the vertical axis is weak initially, parcels with high angular momentum.
Central Moments of the Velocity Distribution From a Superposition of Two Stellar Systems

From an analytical viewpoint, the superposition of two stellar velocity distribution functions and the set of central velocity moments up to fourth order are studied. For the Galaxy, any specific type of symmetry or differential movement has not been assumed. General expressions of the total central moments starting from the partial ones, which are associated with both distribution function components, are obtained and, when each component is quadratic in peculiar velocities and of Schwarzschild type, the constraints between the total central moments are studied
Ground-state preparation of arbitrarily multipartite Dicke states in the one-dimensional ferromagnetic spin-(1/2) chain

The preparation of arbitrary N-particle Dicke states in a one-dimensional N-qubit chain with nearest-neighbor XXZ interaction is investigated. We show by perturbation approach that each of the N+1 Dicke states can be approximately created as the nondegenerate ground state of the system when suitable external magnetic field and inter-qubit coupling are applied. In some small N situations, the perturbative results agree very well with the exact solutions. We further demonstrate by numerical methods that the proposed ground-state preparation of the Dicke states is robust against the finite temperature in the N=4 case. We also discuss the feasibility of our scheme in several physical systems including semiconductor quantum dots and an optical lattice.
APPARATUS DIFFICULTY IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS ROUTINES – COMPARISON BETWEEN 2 OLYMPIC CYCLES

The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the apparatus difficulty in Rhythmic Gymnastics gymnasts in 2 Olympic cycles and identify eventual factors that could contribute to improve the performance quality in competition. We studied the value of the apparatus difficulty in the gymnasts (potentially the gymnasts could participate in the Olympic Games) of the first World Championships of each cycle (2012/2016 e 2016/2020). This analysis focused on the technical value of the apparatus difficulty performed by the gymnasts in a total of 288 competition routines in the World Championships 2013, and 200 competition routines in the World Championships 2017. The data was treated using the descriptive statistics and after checking the normality of the data distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test we used a t-test to determine whether there were significant differences between the World Championships. Results showed an increasing appreciation of the apparatus difficulty in the final score of the gymnasts. The apparatus difficulty elements were significantly increased from one cycle to the other, mainly due to the increase of the Mastery value. There’s a greater balance in the use of different elements, giving privilege to the apparatus technique. The increase on the value of the apparatus difficulty in the RG competition routines will contribute for the quality and diversity of the RG competition in the Olympic Games
The Impact of Variation in the Toll-like Receptor 3 Gene on Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in Illinois Wild White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) leads to high mortality in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and is caused by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a role in host immune detection and response to dsRNA viruses. We, therefore, examined the role of genetic variation within the TLR3 gene in EHD among 84 Illinois wild white-tailed deer (26 EHD-positive deer and 58 EHD-negative controls). The entire coding region of the TLR3 gene was sequenced: 2715 base pairs encoding 904 amino acids. We identified 85 haplotypes with 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 45 were synonymous mutations and 32 were non-synonymous. Two non-synonymous SNPs differed significantly in frequency between EHD-positive and EHD-negative deer. In the EHD-positive deer, phenylalanine was relatively less likely to be encoded at codon positions 59 and 116, whereas leucine and serine (respectively) were detected less frequently in EHD-negative deer. Both amino acid substitutions were predicted to impact protein structure or function. Understanding associations between TLR3 polymorphisms and EHD provides insights into the role of host genetics in outbreaks of EHD in deer, which may allow wildlife agencies to better understand the severity of outbreaks.
Impact of Isonicotinic Acid Blending in Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol on Ripening-Dependent Changes of Green Stage Tomato

The effect of isonicotinic acid (INA) in a chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend on ripening-dependent changes of preserved green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was examined at room temperature. The results showed that CS/PVA/INA 0.5 mM and CS/PVA/INA 1.0 mM formulations retarded firmness loss and delayed the pigmentation parameters i.e., lycopene (LYP), total carotenes (TCs), and titratable acidity (TA). The CS/PVA/INA 0.5 mM and CS/PVA/INA 1.0 mM formulations were able to delay the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total polyphenol (TP) contents. Furthermore, the peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities of tomatoes coated with CS/PVA/INA 0.5 mM and CS/PVA/INA 1.0 mM formulations were lower than those in other treatments. Meanwhile, the CS/PVA blend had the highest TP content, as well as the highest PPO and PAL activities, at the late stage of maturation. The UV analysis showed that the CS/PVA/INA blend film is a promising UV-protective food packaging material. The pure CS, PVA, and INA formulations, as well as the CS/PVA, CS/PVA/INA 0.5 mM, and CS/PVA/INA 1.0 mM formulations, were characterized by infrared (FTIR). The three polymer formulations showed strong antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea.
Application of Free Space in Social Interaction

The resources available on Earth are both scarce and limited. Therefore, under the premise that the population continues to expand or shrink and the market remains functioning, resource allocation cannot satisfy everyone. The limitation of such resources can also refer to the limitation of space when people communicate with each other, that is, the limitation of Free Space. At present, whether it is the communication between people in the society or the communication between China and countries in the international community, the frequency of conflicts is higher than before. This article hopes to provide a perspective on the peaceful coexistence of individuals within groups and between different communities for reference by other scholars. This article refers to Schopenhauer's "Hedgehog Effect", "The Wealth of Nations", "Game Theory" and the arguments of different scholars, thus integrating and creating the concept of "Free Space", and explaining how Free Space is applied to interactive society, and the separation and integration effects of Free Space in an interactive society. In social interaction, a "buffer area" is needed to satisfy the differences between individuals or groups, so as to avoid wars.
Monte Carlo calculation of electron drift characteristics and avalanche noise in bulk InAs

Field dependent drift velocity results are presented for electron transport in bulk indium arsenide (InAs) material based on a Monte Carlo model, which includes an analytical treatment of band-to-band impact ionization. Avalanche multiplication and related excess noise factor (F) are computed as a function of device length and applied voltage. A decrease in F with increases in device length is obtained. The results suggest an inherent utility for InAs-based single-photon avalanche detectors, particularly around the 2 μm region of interest for atmospheric remote sensing applications.
Impact of ICT Latency, Data Loss and Data Corruption on Active Distribution Network Control

The ongoing changes in modern power systems towards increasingly decentralized systems render the coordination of generation assets and the corresponding dependency on Information and Communication Technology highly relevant. This work demonstrates the impact of three types of ICT errors, namely delayed data, data loss and data corruption, on the control of distributed energy resources in an active distribution network. The settling time of the active power response at the interconnection point between the distribution and transmission system is investigated in the simulations. Additionally, two fallback strategies to mitigate the impact of data loss are proposed and evaluated with regard to their impact on the controller’s response. Finally, a generalized, aggregated service state description is proposed in order to capture the performance of the active distribution network service. It is meant to improve the interpretability of the results, which can be used to compare service designs and setups.
A note on biological data from the hunt of bowhead whales in West Greenland 2009–2011

One male and six female bowhead whales were taken for subsistence in Disko Bay, West Greenland, in April–May 2009–2011. All of these whales were sexually mature with body lengths exceeding 14m. One female was pregnant with a 3.87m foetus and three others presumably had small foetuses that were not detected in the field. Another female that showed no signs of recent pregnancy had a minimum of 7–8 corpora albicantia but no mature follicles. One 14.10m male with a 42kg testis was classified as sexually mature. Estimated ages of the whales were between 37 and 50 yrs. The observations on growth and reproduction were consistent with data on bowhead whales in Alaska. Four of the whales had recently been feeding as their stomachs contained calanoid copepods, especially Calanus hyperboreus.
Do Taxes Still Affect Earning Persistence?

While financial statements are the primary source of information about a firm, they tend to be under earnings management practices, namely to avoid paying tax. Therefore, we aim to examine whether taxes still affect earning persistence in an era of prevalent digital information. For that purpose, we use book–tax differences considering the deductible temporary differences and the taxable temporary differences. In addition, we analyze which of the two earnings components are more affected by taxes, specifically cash flow or accruals. We estimate econometric regressions using panel data to test our hypotheses. Through a sample of 421 small- and medium-sized (SME) Portuguese firms, between 2016 and 2020, we found empirical evidence that earning persistence tends to be lower when deductible temporary differences increase, while taxable temporary differences produce no statically significant effect. Furthermore, our results suggest that cash flow component increases more earning persistence than accruals. Therefore, deductible temporary difference may be an indicator of earnings management activities in these firms. These results are relevant, given the potential negative consequences of earnings management for the efficient decision making of stakeholders and even more because SMEs represent a substantial number of firms in European countries, particularly in Portugal.
“Can Do” vs. “Do Do” in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Sensor-Derived Physical Activity Patterns

(1) Background: Identifying groups with a misaligned physical capacity (PC) and physical activity (PA) is potentially relevant for health promotion. Although an important health determinant, deeper knowledge of underlying walking behavior patterns in older adults is currently missing. We aim to identify specific PA signatures of misaligned groups and determine PA variables discriminating between groups. (2) Methods: In total, 294 community-dwelling older adults (≥70 years) were divided into four quadrants based on thresholds for PA (≥ or <5000 steps/day) and PC (≤ or >12 s, Timed Up and Go test). Kruskal–Wallis and effect sizes were calculated to compare quadrants’ PA variables and to determine the discriminative power of PA parameters on walking duration, frequency, and intensity. (3) Results: We identified quadrant-specific PA signatures. Compared with “can do–do do”, the “cannot do–do do” group performs shorter continuous and lower-intensity walks; the “can do–do not do” group takes fewer steps and walks with less intensity. The “cannot do–do not do” group presents lower values in all PA variables. “Walking duration greater or equal 3 METs” was the strongest discriminative PA variable. (4) Conclusion: We provide distinct PA signatures for four clinically different groups of older adults. Walking intensity is most useful to distinguish community-dwelling older adults, which is relevant for developing improved customized health promotion interventions.
Stress in sputter-deposited Cr films: Influence of Ar pressure

We studied the tensile stress and grain-width evolution in sputter-deposited Cr films with thickness from 20? nm to 2.7? m. Films were deposited in an industrial Hauzer 750 physical vapor deposition machine at 50–80? °C. The films exhibited a columnar microstructure. A power law behavior of the tensile stress as well as of the average grain width with thickness was observed. Both power exponents were strongly dependent on the Ar pressure during deposition. The power exponent ? for stress varied from 0.26 to 0.79 for the range of Ar pressures used (5×10? 3–2×10? 2? mbar). The mechanism of tensile stress generation is the shrinkage of the grain boundaries. Assuming the same shrinkage of the grain boundaries all through the layer, the stress and the grain width would be inversely proportional. Indeed, the grain width followed the same power law as the stress at low Ar pressure [? = 0.3(1)], but not at high Ar pressure [? = 0.58(3)]. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of numerous voids. At higher Ar pressure the void fraction is significantly higher than at low pressure, thereby diminishing stress generation.
Preparing Early Childhood Educators/Interventionists: Scoping Review Insights Into the Characteristics of Rural Practice

Rural regions struggle to retain early intervention (EI), special education (SE), and early childhood education (ECE) supports for children with developmental delay and/or disability, yet there is little guidance to prepare pre-service students for rural practice. This exploratory scoping review of rural EI/SE/ECE practice in the United States and Canada, where EI for children birth to 8 years is part of the education and development continuum (as opposed to health), found four characteristics: a broader scope of practice, the importance of being a whole person, doing more outreach to engage families, and negotiating personal/professional boundaries. Retention is enhanced when educators feel effective and appreciated. Regionalized (not national) funding sources may be limiting disciplinary advances, and cultural/racial inclusivity, equity issues, travel, and distance barriers were under-studied. Cross-national variation in EI/SE/ECE terms impeded the search. Future research should highlight the unique multidisciplinary and multijurisdictional nature of rural EI/SE/ECE practice across the developmental span.