Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of polyurethane-imide (PU-imide) copolymers with different dianhydrides and their properties

This study reports the synthesis of polyurethane–imide (PU–imide) copolymers using 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) polytetramethylene glycols (PTMGs) and different aromatic dianhydrides. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that PU–imide copolymers had two phase structures containing four transition temperatures (Tgs, Tms, Tgh and Tmh). However, only PU–imide copolymers were formed by soft PTMG(2000) segments possessing a Tms (melting point of soft segment). When different aromatic dianhydrides were introduced into the backbone chain of the polyurethane, although the Tgs (glass transition temperature of the soft segment) of some of PU–imide copolymers did not change, the copolymers with long soft segments had low Tgs values. The Tgh (glass transition temperature of hard segment) values of PU–imide copolymers were higher than that of polyurethane (PU). In addition, the high hard segment content of PU–imide copolymer series also had an obvious Tmh (melting point of hard segment). According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA), the PU–imide copolymers had at least two stages of degradation. Although the Tdi (initial temperature of degradation) depended on the hard segment content and the composition of hard segment, the different soft segment lengths did not obviously influence the Tdi. However, PU–imide copolymers with a longer soft segment had a higher thermal stability in the degradation temperature range of middle weight loss (about Td 5%–50%). However, beyond Td 50% (50% weight loss at temperature of degradation), the temperature of degradation of PU–imide copolymers increased with increasing hard segment content. Mechanical properties revealed that the modulus and tensile strength of PU–imide copolymers surpassed those of PU. Wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that PU–imide copolymers are crystallizable. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating and Extending Theories of Choice Under Risk∗

We evaluate how well various economic models of choice under risk predict the certain equivalents of lotteries with known probability distributions, and compare their performance to that of machine learning algorithms. We use a new data set that includes lotteries with varying numbers of possible outcomes, so that we can test if lotteries with a smaller number of outcomes are preferred, as simplicity theory (Puri (2020)) predicts. A heterogeneous agent model that combines simplicity theory with cumulative prospect theory has the highest outsample predictive accuracy, and comes close to matching machine learning performance, which suggests that the model captures most of the empirical regularities in the data. The model uncovers three behavioral types in the population, two complexity averse and one complexity loving, each with different levels of probability weighting. Demographic characteristics do not predict behavioral type, but financial literacy does. As a test of external validity, we show that the model predicts real-world takeup of nonstandard savings accounts. ∗We thank Monica Agrawal, Yoram Halevy, Gustav Karreskog, Annie Liang,and Charles Sprenger for helpful comments, and NSF grant 1951056, the NSF Graduate Fellowship, and the Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans for financial support.
Economic and Social Outsiders but Political Insiders: Sweden's Populist Radical Right

We study the politicians and voters of the Sweden Democrats, a major populist radical-right party. Based on detailed administrative data, we present the first comprehensive account of which politicians are selected into such a party. Surveys show that politicians and voters of the Sweden Democrats share strong anti-establishment and anti-immigration attitudes that drastically set them apart from Sweden's other parties. Searching for individual traits that link naturally to these attitudes, we classify the universe of Swedish politicians and voters by social and economic marginalization and exposure to immigration. Politicians from the Sweden Democrats overrepresent marginalized groups without strong attachments to the labor market or to traditional nuclear families, which instead are underrepresented among politicians in all other parties. Among voters, the Sweden Democrats have higher electoral support in precincts with higher shares of the same marginalized groups. We see the mobilization of the marginalized as an important driver of the party's success. Finally, we uncover that Sweden-Democrat politicians score lower on a number of valence traits than other-party politicians. In sum, the rise of the Sweden Democrats raised political representation for marginalized groups, but this came at a valence cost.
Coronavirus Pandemic Arrhythmia Risk Profile and Ventricular Repolarization Indices in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Several electrocardiographic markers have been used to predict the risk of arrhythmia in patients with COVID-19. We aim to investigate the electrocardiographic (ECG) ventricular repolarization indices in patients with COVID-19. Methodology: We performed a comprehensive systematic literature search from PubMed, EuropePMC, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Database, and Google Scholar Preprint Servers. The primary endpoints of this search were: Tp-e (T-peak-to-T-end) interval, QTd (QT dispersion), and Tp-e/QTc ratio in patients with newly diagnosed COVID-19 from inception up until August 2020. Results: There were a total of 241 patients from 2 studies. Meta-analysis showed that Tp-e/QTc ratio was higher in COVID-19 group (mean difference 0.02 [0.01, 0.02], p < 0.001; I2: 18%,). Tp-e interval was more prolonged in COVID-19 group (mean difference 7.76 [3.11, 12.41], p < 0.001; I2: 80%) compared to control group. QT dispersion (QTd) also was increased in COVID-19 group (mean difference 1.22 [0.61, 1.83], p < 0.001 ; I2:30%). Conclusions: Several electrocardiographic markers including Tp-e/QTc, Tp-e interval, and QTd are significantly increased in patients with COVID-19.
Emergence of Morphological Complexity in BaSO4 Fibers Synthesized in AOT Microemulsions

The growth and form of crystalline micrometer-long BaSO4 fibers, synthesized by unstirred room temperature (18−22 °C) reaction of Ba(AOT)2 reverse micelles with NaAOT microemulsions containing sulfate anions at w = 10 and [Ba2+]:[SO42-] molar ratios between 5:1 and 1.4:1, was studied principally by transmission electron microscopy. The fibers consist of twisted bundles of BaSO4 nanofilaments, elongated along their [010] axis and held together by interdigitated surfactant bilayers. Similar experiments at 4, 30, and 40 °C produced short straight filament bundles, highly curved and cone-shaped structures, and spindle-shaped aggregates, respectively. The filamentous structures develop within transient aggregates consisting of 5-nm-size surfactant−nanoparticle clusters that precipitate from the reaction medium after several hours at room temperature. The first stage of transformation involves the nucleation of a single 5-nm-wide BaSO4 filament, followed by further filaments parallel to the primary thread. Coal.
ObliCheck: Efficient Verification of Oblivious Algorithms with Unobservable State

Encryption of secret data prevents an adversary from learning sensitive information by observing the transferred data. Even though the data itself is encrypted, however, an attacker can watch which locations of the memory, disk, and network are accessed and infer a signiﬁcant amount of secret information. To defend attacks based on this access pattern leakage, a number of oblivious algorithms have been devised. These algorithms transform the access pattern in a way that the access sequences are independent of the secret input data. Since oblivious algorithms tend to be slow, a go-to optimization for algorithm designers is to leverage space unobservable to the attacker . However, one can easily miss a subtle detail and violate the oblivious property in the process of doing so. In this paper, we propose ObliCheck, a checker verifying whether a given algorithm is indeed oblivious. In contrast to existing checkers, ObliCheck distinguishes observable and unobservable state of an algorithm. It employs symbolic execution to check whether all execution paths exhibit the same observable behavior. To achieve accuracy and efﬁciency, ObliCheck introduces two key techniques: Optimistic State Merging to quickly check if the algorithm is oblivious, and Iterative State Unmerging to iteratively reﬁne its judgment if the algorithm is reported as not oblivious. ObliCheck achieves × 4850 of performance improvement over conventional symbolic execution without sacriﬁcing accuracy.
Understanding the Impact of Histology on the Post- Surgery Prognosis for Patients 70 Years and Older With I A Stage Non-Small Lung Cancer

Bo Hao Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Hao Jie Feng Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Xiao Xia Wan Ezhou Central Hospital Lin Zhang Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Zi Long Lu Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Bohao Liu Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Ru Yuan He Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Heng Meng Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Tao Fan Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Wen Yang Jiang Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital Qing Geng (  gengqingwhu@whu.edu.cn ) Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University: Wuhan University Renmin Hospital
Comparison with other Mediterranean countries

Received: 2 May 2007 Accepted: 22 August 2007 Published online: 19 September 2007 j Abstract Background Dietary intake has changed considerably in South European countries, but whether those changes were similar between countries is currently unknown. Aim of the study To assess the trends in food availability in Portugal and four other Mediterranean countries from 1966 to 2003. Methods Food and Agricultural Organization food balance sheets from Portugal, France, Italy, Greece and Spain. Trends were assessed by linear regression. Results The per capita availability of calories has increased in Portugal, France, Greece, Italy and Spain in the past 40 years. Portugal presented the most rapid growth with an annual increase of 28.5 ± 2.2 kcal (slope ± standard error), or +1000 kcal overall. In animal products, Portugal had an annual increase of 20.7 ± 0.9 kcal, much higher than the other four countries. Conversely, the availabilities of vegetable and fruit only showed a slight growth of 1.0 ± 0.1 kcal/year and 2.5 ± 0.4 kcal/year, respectively, thus increasing the ration of animal to vegetable products. Olive oil availability increased in all countries with the notable exception of Portugal, where a significant decrease was noted. Wine supply decreased in all five countries; in contrast, beer supply started to take up more alcohol share. Percentage of total calories from fat increased from nearly 25% to almost 35% in Portugal during the study period, mainly at the expenses of calories from carbohydrates, whereas the share of protein showed just a slight increase. Furthermore, fat and protein were increasingly provided by animal products. Conclusions Portugal is gradually moving away from the traditional Mediterranean diet to a more Westernized diet as well as France, Greece, Italy and Spain. Noticeably, the trends of diet transition were observed relatively faster in Portugal than in the other four Mediterranean countries.
Theoretical Study of the Low-Lying Electronically Excited States of Diacetylene

The complete-active-space SCF and CASMP2 methods are used to characterize the low-lying excited singlet and triplet states of diacetylene. With the exception of the 1 Δ state, all excited states considered are found to have geometrical structures distorted away from linear. Three of the triplet states are predicted to have non-planar C -symmetry structures. The other states are predicted to be planar, existing as both cis (C ) and trans (C ) isomeric forms. Vibrational frequencies are calculated for the low-lying electronically excited states, and vertical and adiabatic excitation energies are reported. © 2000 American Chemical Society. 1 u 2 2v 2h
A Good Image Generator Is What You Need for High-Resolution Video Synthesis

Image and video synthesis are closely related areas aiming at generating content from noise. While rapid progress has been demonstrated in improving image-based models to handle large resolutions, high-quality renderings, and wide variations in image content, achieving comparable video generation results remains problematic. We present a framework that leverages contemporary image generators to render high-resolution videos. We frame the video synthesis problem as discovering a trajectory in the latent space of a pre-trained and fixed image generator. Not only does such a framework render high-resolution videos, but it also is an order of magnitude more computationally efficient. We introduce a motion generator that discovers the desired trajectory, in which content and motion are disentangled. With such a representation, our framework allows for a broad range of applications, including content and motion manipulation. Furthermore, we introduce a new task, which we call cross-domain video synthesis, in which the image and motion generators are trained on disjoint datasets belonging to different domains. This allows for generating moving objects for which the desired video data is not available. Extensive experiments on various datasets demonstrate the advantages of our methods over existing video generation techniques. Code will be released at https://github.com/snap-research/MoCoGAN-HD.
Thermodynamics of Dissolution for Bis(triazine)−Bipyridine-Class Ligands in Different Diluents and Its Reflection on Extraction

Hydrochemical separation processes are one of the methods used for the treatment of spent nuclear fuel. Solvent extraction is also used in many other non-nuclear applications like the mining industry. In the nuclear case, hydrochemical separation processes are already employed in the world today for the recovery of uranium and plutonium. The method is however also considered for future separation systems for use in combination with the transmutation of the minor actinides. In a hydrochemical separation process the two phases are the pregnant (usually) aqueous feed and the organic phase comprising a diluent together with one or more extractants. One such class of extractants developed for partitioning and transmutation purposes is the bis(triazine)-bipyridine-type (BTBP) molecules. When assessing the feasibility and loading properties of such an extraction system, the solubility of the ligands is of the outmost importance. The understanding of whether the dissolution is enthalpically or entropically driven will also help the understanding of the differences in extraction observed between various diluents and temperatures. In this paper the enthalpy and entropy of dissolution of the BTBP-class ligands have been determined for different diluents. It has also been shown that it is possible to predict the extraction behavior of these molecules in the selected diluent once the solubility is known.
Aerothermodynamic Properties of an Upper Stage Rocket Equipped with Control Surfaces

The most recent developments in the aerospace industry have made it clear that there is an emergent need to reuse every part of a launch vehicle. Although companies such as SpaceX, Blue Origin and Rocket Lab have already demonstrated their intentions to retrieve first stages, the controlled recovery of upper stages travelling at orbital speed is still a much more difficult task. This work aimed to study the reentry of an upper stage rocket equipped with control surfaces by using the CFD SPARK code, developed and maintained at Institute for Plasmas and Nuclear Fusion. The reentry velocity considered for the simulation was 7.6 km/s at an altitude of 60 km and two different geometries for the nose region thermal protection system were examined (one spherical and one highly elliptical). Aimed at determining the efficiency of the control surfaces and the most suitable thermal protection system, the aerodynamic coefficients and convective heat fluxes were computed, respectively, at that point of the trajectory for the two nose geometries, three flap deflection angles (10◦, 20◦ and 30◦) and four flap configurations. The two transport models considered (Wilke and Gupta-Yos/CCS) showed a good agreement within the shock-layer. Park’s two-temperature model for thermal non-equilibrium was also analysed. The non-equilibrium state was particularly visible in the shock-wave region, whereas in the boundary layer, an almost perfect agreement exists between the two temperatures. The two geometries presented good aerodynamic similarity with the highest aerodynamic efficiency found for the spherical nose geometry with a value of 0.19. The agreement between the results for the equilibrium and non-equilibrium cases supports the initial assumption of thermal equilibrium in the boundary layer.
Osteoconductive and Osteoinductive Properties of Zeolite MFI Coatings on Titanium Alloys

The use of zeolite MFI‐coated titanium alloy for bone cell growth and new bone formation in vitro is investigated. The corrosion‐resistant MFI coating is shown to be osteoconductive and to promote proliferation of human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs) as compared to bare titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V. The zeolite crystal microstructure appears to facilitate osteoblast adhesion and induces osteointegration, as evaluated with microscopy. In addition, the zeolite promotes the differentiation of hFOBs into mature osteoblasts, as well as the production of a mineralized matrix at earlier times in culture compared to Ti6Al4V, indicating higher osteoinductive properties of the MFI coating than titanium alone. A significant increase in the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) gene is measured in hFOBs cultured on zeolite coatings compared to bare Ti6Al4V. This is the first report on highly corrosion‐resistant zeolite MFI coatings on Ti6A14V alloys with the potential to be used as a material of improved osteointegration appropriate for bone tissue regeneration.
Cyclodextrin chemistry. Selective modification of all primary hydroxyl groups of α- and β-cyclodextrins

Two efficient methods are described for the selective modification of all six primary hydroxyl groups of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD, 11). One, using an indirect strategy, involves protection of all 18 hydroxyl functions as benzoate esters, followed by selective deprotection of the six primary alcohol groups. The other, using a direct strategy, involves selective activation of the primary hydroxyl groups via a bulky triphenylphosphonium salt, which is then substituted by azide anion as the reaction proceeds. A number of modified α-cyclodextrin derivatives have been prepared and fully characterized, among which are: the useful intermediate α-cyclodextrin-dodeca (2, 3) benzoate (3); hexakis (6-amino-6-deoxy)-α-cyclodextrin hexahydrochloride (7); hexakis (6-amino-6-deoxy)-dodeca (2, 3)-O-methyl-α-cyclodextrin hexahydrochloride (9), hexa (6)-O-methyl-α-cyclodextrin (13). The direct substitution is shown to be even more efficient for β-cyclodextrin (16), giving the heptakis (6-azido-6-deoxy)-β-CD-tetradeca (2, 3)acetate (17), while the indirect strategy fails. The compounds are characterized by extensive use of 13C- and 1H-NMR. spectroscopy. The steric and statistical problems of selective polysubstitution reactions for the cyclodextrins are discussed, and possible reasons for the observed differences in reactivity between α- and β-cyclodextrins are examined. The dodecabenzoate 3 presents a very marked solvent effect on physical properties (IR. and NMR. spectra, optical rotation); the effects observed may be ascribed to an unusually strong intramolecular network of hydrogen bonds which severely distorts the α-cyclodextrin ring and lowers the symmetry from six-fold to three-fold.
Comparative Study of Removal of Cadmium (II) and Chromium (III) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Low-Cost Biosorbent

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the ability of abundant low-cost garden grass to remove cadmium and chromium ions from aqueous solutions. Batch biosorption studies were carried out to examine the biosorption capacity, pH value, temperature, agitation speed, and metal ions concentration. The biosorption process revealed that the garden grass was an effective biosorbent of cadmium and chromium. The maximum chromium and cadmium removal rate was 90 and 80% at pH 4, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed that the hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups were the major groups responsible for the biosorption process. The maximum biosorption capacity was 18.19 and 19.4 mg/g for cadmium and chromium, respectively. The biosorption isotherm data fitted well the Langmuir model. Kinetic data were adequately fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Solid-state modification of PBT with cyclic acetalized galactitol and D-mannitol: Influence of composition and chemical microstructure on thermal properties

Two bicyclic carbohydrate-based diols, 2,3:4,5-di-O-methylene-galactitol (Galx) or 2,4:3,5-di-O-methylene-d-mannitol (Manx), were introduced into the backbone of poly(butylene terephthalate) using the solid-state modification technique (SSM). The resulting copolyesters had a unique block-like chemical microstructure that endows them with superior thermal properties when compared with their random counterparts obtained by melt copolymerization. The materials prepared by SSM displayed higher melting points, crystallization temperatures, and crystallinity due to the presence of long PBT sequences in the copolyester. The glass-transition temperatures also increased upon incorporation of the bicyclic comonomers, this effect being more pronounced for Manx units. The melting points of these block-like copolyesters decreased after melting due to the occurrence of randomization, but they remained higher than those of copolyesters prepared from the melt. SSM was demonstrated to be a very suitable technique for the .
POSTSTORAGE SENSORY PROFILES OF FRUIT OF FIVE APPLE CULTIVARS HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT MATURITY STAGES

Apples of five cultivars (Braeburn, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Red Chief and Staymared) were harvested four times at weekly intervals. Selected and trained panelists evaluated the intensity of sensory characteristics of fruits after storage (4 months at OC in air) and shelf-life at 20C by descriptive analysis. Sensory attributes were firmness, crispness, mealiness, juiciness, sweetness, sourness and aroma. Harvest time mainly influenced fruit texture after storage: in Staymared the juiciest and the most crisp fruits were those of the intermediate harvests, in Red Chief those of the first harvest, while in Fuji those of the last two harvests. Sensory quality of Braeburn and Golden Delicious was not affected by harvest time. The characterization of apple maturity and cultivars according to the sensory characteristics of fruits can help to identify the fruit best satisfying the consumers’ requirements.