Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
, CO, AND PLANCK/IRAS DUST PROPERTIES IN THE HIGH LATITUDE CLOUD COMPLEX, MBM 53, 54, 55 AND HLCG 92 − 35. POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR AN OPTICALLY THICK ENVELOPE AROUND THE CO CLOUDS

We present an analysis of the and CO gas in conjunction with the Planck/IRAS submillimeter/far-infrared dust properties toward the most outstanding high latitude clouds MBM 53, 54, 55 and HLCG 92 − 35 at b = −30° to − 45°. The CO emission, dust opacity at 353 GHz (τ353), and dust temperature (Td) show generally good spatial correspondence. On the other hand, the correspondence between the emission and the dust properties is less clear than in CO. The integrated intensity and τ353 show a large scatter with a correlation coefficient of ∼0.6 for a Td range from 16 K to 22 K. We find, however, that and τ353 show better correlation for smaller ranges of Td every 0.5 K, generally with a correlation coefficient of 0.7–0.9. We set up a hypothesis that the gas associated with the highest Td ⩾ 21.5 K is optically thin, whereas the emission is generally optically thick for Td lower than 21.5 K. We have determined a relationship for the optically thin gas between atomic hydrogen column density and τ353, , under the assumption that the dust properties are uniform and we have applied this to estimate from τ353 for the whole cloud. was then used to solve for Ts and over the region. The result shows that the is dominated by optically thick gas having a low spin temperature of 20–40 K and a density of 40–160 cm−3. The envelope has a total mass of ∼1.2 × 104 M☉, an order of magnitude larger than that of the CO clouds. The envelope properties derived by this method do not rule out a mixture of and H2 in the dark gas, but we present indirect evidence that most of the gas mass is in the atomic state.
ON THE EQUIVALENCE OF SOME INDICES OF SIMILARITY: IMPLICATION FOR BINARY PRESENCE/ABSENCE DATA

Cohen’s kappa, a special case of the weighted kappa, is a chance‐corrected index used extensively to quantify inter‐rater agreement in validation and reliability studies. In this paper, it is shown that in inter‐rater agreement for 2 × 2 tables, for two raters having the same number of opposite ratings, the weighted kappa, Cohen’s kappa, Peirce, Yule, Maxwell and Pilliner and Fleiss indices are identical. This implies that the weights in the weighted kappa are less important under such assumptions. Equivalently, it is shown that for two partitions of the same data set, resulting from two clustering algorithms having the same number of clusters with equal cluster sizes, these similarity indices are identical. Hence, an important characterisation is formulated relating equal numbers of clusters with the same cluster sizes to the presence/absence of a trait in a reliability study. Two numerical examples that exemplify the implication of this relationship are presented.
X-ray Microtomography to Assess Determinants of In Vivo N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Glubran®2 Polymerization: A Rabbit-Model Study

Although introduced decades ago, few cyanoacrylate glues have been approved for endovascular use, despite evidence of their usefulness, notably for complex procedures suchas hemostatic embolization. Indications include massive bleeding requiring emergent hemostasis and prevention of severe bleeding during scheduled surgery to remove a hypervascular tumor. Adding radiopaque Lipiodol Ultra Fluid® (LUF) modulates glue polymerization and allows fluoroscopic guidance, but few comparative in vivo studies have assessed the impact of the resulting change in glue concentration or of other factors such as target-vessel blood flow. In a rabbit model, we used ex vivo X-ray microtomography to assess the results of in vivo renal-artery embolization by various mixtures of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA), metacryloxysulfolane, and LUF. Overall, penetration to the superficial interlobular arteries was achieved in about two-thirds of cases and into the capillaries in nearly half the cases, while cast fragmentation was seen in slightly more than half the cases. Greater NBCA dilution and the blocked-blood-flow technique were independently associated with greater distality of penetration. Blocked-blood-flow injection was independently associated with absence of fragmentation, capillary penetration, a shorter cast-to-capsule distance, and higher cast attenuation. A larger mixture volume was independently associated with higher indexed cast ratio and deeper penetration. Finally, microtomography is an adapted tool to assess ex vivo distribution of glue cast.
Supersymmetric twin Higgs mechanism

We present a supersymmetric realization of the twin Higgs mechanism, which cancels off all contributions to the Higgs mass generated above a scale f. Radiative corrections induced by the top-quark sector lead to a breaking of the twin sector electroweak symmetry at a scale f{approx}TeV. In our sector, below the scale f, these radiative corrections from the top quark are present but greatly weakened, naturally allowing a Z boson mass an order of magnitude below f, even with a top squark mass of order 1 TeV and a messenger scale near the Planck mass. A sufficient quartic interaction for our Higgs boson arises from the usual gauge contribution together with a radiative contribution from a heavy top squark. The mechanism requires the presence of an SU(2)-adjoint superfield, and can be simply unified. Naturalness in these theories is usually associated with light winos and sleptons, and is largely independent of the scale of the colored particles. The assumption of unification naturally predicts the existence of many exotic fields. The theory often has particles which may be stable on collider time scales, including an additional color octet superfield. In the limit that m{sub SUSY}>>f, the mechanism yields a UV completion of themore » nonsupersymmetric twin Higgs, with the notable improvement of a tree-level quartic for the standard model Higgs. In this framework, a successful UV completion requires the existence of new charged fields well below the scale f. « less
Production regimes for Self-Interacting Dark Matter

In the context of Self-Interacting Dark Matter as a solution for the small-scale structure problems, we consider the possibility that Dark Matter could have been produced without being in thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model bath. We discuss one by one the following various dark matter production regimes of this kind: freeze-in, reannihilation and dark freeze-out. We exemplify how these mechanisms work in the context of the particularly simple Hidden Vector Dark Matter model. In contrast to scenarios where there is thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model bath, we find two regimes which can easily satisfy all the laboratory and cosmological constraints. These are dark freeze-out with 3-to-2 annihilations and freeze-in via a light mediator. In the first regime, different temperatures in the visible and the Dark Matter sectors allow us to avoid the constraints coming from cosmic structure formation as well as the use of non-perturbative couplings to reproduce the observed relic density. For the second regime, different couplings are responsible for Dark Matter relic density and self-interactions, permitting to surpass BBN, X-ray, CMB and direct detection constraints.
Chromatographic Techniques and Pharmacological Analysis as a Quality Control Strategy for Serjania triquetra a Traditional Medicinal Plant

Serjania triquetra is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary tract diseases, renal affections, and its complications. The population can buy this plant in folk markets as a raw material mixed with several herbal remedies or as a health supplement. On the market, two commercial presentations were found for the vegetal material; one had a bulk appearance and the other was marketed wrapped in cellophane bags (HESt-2, HESt-3). Nevertheless, the plant has not been exhaustively investigated and quality control techniques have not been developed. This research aimed to realize a phytochemical study using an authentic, freshly collected sample as a reference for S. triquetra (HESt-1), using the compounds identified. A method for the determination of preliminary chromatographic fingerprinting was developed. Additionally, the vasorelaxant effect from three samples was evaluated with ex vivo rat models. Thus, three hydroalcoholic extracts (HESt-1, HESt-2, and HESt-3) were prepared by maceration. A total of nine compounds were fully identified from HESt-1 after the extract was subjected to open-column chromatography. Seven metabolites were detected by gas chromatography, while ursolic acid (UA) and allantoin were isolated and identified using UPLC-MS and NMR, respectively. Three extracts were analyzed for their chromatographic fingerprint by UPLC-MS. Biological activity was explored by ex vivo rat aorta ring model to evaluate vasorelaxant activity. All extracts showed a vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. S. triquetra vascular activity may be attributed to UA and allantoin compounds previously described in the literature for this activity.
Nonequilibrium evolution of a 'Tsunami': Dynamical symmetry breaking

We propose to study the non-equilibrium features of heavy-ion collisions by following the evolution of an initial state with a large number of quanta with a distribution around a momentum |\vec k_0| corresponding to a thin spherical shell in momentum space, a `tsunami'. An O(N); ({\vec \Phi}^2)^2 model field theory in the large N limit is used as a framework to study the non-perturbative aspects of the non-equilibrium dynamics including a resummation of the effects of the medium (the initial particle distribution). In a theory where the symmetry is spontaneously broken in the absence of the medium, when the initial number of particles per correlation volume is chosen to be larger than a critical value the medium effects can restore the symmetry of the initial state. We show that if one begins with such a symmetry-restored, non-thermal, initial state, non-perturbative effects automatically induce spinodal instabilities leading to a dynamical breaking of the symmetry. As a result there is explosive particle production and a redistribution of the particles towards low momentum due to the nonlinearity of the dynamics. The asymptotic behavior displays the onset of Bose condensation of pions and the equation of state at long times is that of an ultrarelativistic gas although the momentum distribution is non-thermal.
Solution of Riemann–Hilbert problem related to Wiener–Hopf matrix factorization problem using ordinary differential equations in the commutative case

A matrix factorization problem is considered. The matrix to be factorized is algebraic, has dimension 2 X 2 and belongs to Moiseev's class. A new method of factorization is proposed. First, the matrix factorization problem is reduced to a Riemann-Hilbert problem using the Hurd's method. Secondly, the Riemann-Hilbert problem is embedded into a family of Riemann-Hilbert problems indexed by a variable b taking values on a half-line. A linear ordinary differential equation (ODE1) with respect to b is derived. The coefficient of this equation remains unknown at this step. Finally, the coefficient of the ODE1 is computed. For this, it is proven that it obeys a non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE2) on a half-line. Thus, the numerical procedure of matrix factorization becomes reduced to two runs of solving of ordinary differential equations on a half-line: first ODE2 for the coefficient of ODE1, and then ODE1 for the unknown function. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated on some examples.
Water cycling and partitioning through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum in a subtropical, urban woodland inferred by water stable isotopes

For many urban woodlands, knowledge of how water is cycled and partitioned by plants is important for improving water management strategies, particularly during warm and wet periods with heavy, convective events in subtropical monsoon regions which are characterized by hot and humid summers. Still, most studies on these processes have been conducted in rural, none subtropical areas. Useful tools for tracing water movement during different precipitation events are stable water isotopes. So far, very few studies have been carried out in urbanized woodlands where the natural hydrological cycle is affected by strong anthropogenic influences. We conducted an intense spatio‐temporal sampling campaign of water isotopes, combined with relevant atmospheric parameters, climatic and hydrometric data across an evergreen broad‐leaved woodland near Chengdu, SW China, to assess event‐based changes in water cycling and partitioning during the warm and wet summer of 2020. Based on event‐scale precipitation samples, soil and plant water samples, we found similar temporal variations in the water isotopes of precipitation, soil, and plants, with a gradual enrichment in the order of precipitation – soil water – plant water. However, the responses of soil and plant water to precipitation were delayed. From the dynamics of soil water content and soil water isotopes, evaporative fractionation and precipitation signatures were determined as the critical factors in influencing water storage and compositions through the soil profile. Only precipitation events >5 mm recharged the soil profile, with a ~ 24 h time lag in the response time of soil water (0–50 cm) to effective events. The water isotopes in the branches and leaves of the plants reflected their water sources primarily from 0 to 50 cm soil layers and water losses through evapotranspiration, respectively. These isotopic signals described the transfer and exchange of water in the soil–plant‐atmosphere continuum and therefore improved our understanding of water cycling and partitioning in an urban woodland in a subtropical monsoon humid region, which may have important implications for urban green space and ecosystem services in other regions.
Enhanced Degradation of Antibiotic by Peroxydisulfate Catalysis with CuO@CNT: Simultaneous 1O2 Oxidation and Electron-Transfer Regime

The nonradical process in the peroxydisulfate (PDS) oxidation system is a promising method for antibiotic removal in water. In this study, CuO@CNT was successfully synthesized by a facile approach to catalyze PDS. The removal efficiency of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was 90.6% in 50 min, and the stoichiometric efficiency (ΔSMX/ΔPDS) was 0.402. The very different degradation efficiency of common organic contaminants revealed the selective oxidation of the surveyed system. The process of 1O2 oxidation and the electron-transfer regime was exhibited by chemical quenching tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) determination, a UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detection, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Sustainable catalysis was promoted by the circulation between the surface electron-rich centers of Cu(II) and Cu(III). Dissolved oxygen (DO) and a metastable Cu(III) intermediate contributed to the generation of 1O2. Still, a portion of SMX was removed by the mildly activated PDS. Moreover, the influence factors (pH, dosage, water matrix) were examined, and suppressions were acceptable by common anions and real water. Distinguished from the radical process, unique intermediate products were ascertained via the theoretical calculation and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection. Furthermore, CuO@CNT showed a satisfactory activation ability in the cycling experiments. Overall, this study developed CNT to be a supporter of CuO, unveiled the mechanism of catalysis, and evaluated the application potential of the nonradical process.
Perineal Massage during Pregnancy for the Prevention of Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: Controlled Clinical Trial

Background and objectives: Urinary incontinence is any involuntary loss of urine. It may result in anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and social isolation. Perineal massage has spread as a prophylactic technique for treating complications during labor. Acknowledged effects of perineal massage are reduction of incidence and severity of perineal tear and use of equipment directly related to the intrapartum perineal trauma. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of massage in urinary incontinence prevention and identification of possible differences in its form of application (self-massage or by a physiotherapist), with the previous assumption that it is effective and that there are differences between the different forms of application. Materials and Methods: A controlled clinical trial with a sample of 81 pregnant women was conducted. The participants were divided into three groups: a group that received the massage applied by a specialized physiotherapist, another group that applied the massage to themselves, and a control group that only received ordinary obstetric care. Results: No differences were identified in the incidence or severity of urinary incontinence among the three groups. The severity of the incontinence was only affected by the body mass index and the weight of the baby at the time of delivery. Conclusions: A relationship between perineal massage interventions and development of urinary incontinence has not been observed.
Effect of sintering temperature on translucency parameter of zirconia blocks

Background: The main drawbacks of zirconia are its high refractive index and opacity. This study aimed to assess the effect of sintering temperature on the translucency of Ivoclar e. max ZirCAD (IEZ), and White Peaks Symphony (WPS) zirconia blocks. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 30 IEZ and 30 WPS zirconia blocks measuring 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm were prepared and underwent sintering in three subgroups at 1440°C, 1500°C, and 1530°C. The specimens were then photographed against a black and a white background with a standard digital camera. The L*, a*, and b* color parameters were measured using Adobe Photoshop software, and translucency was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). Results: In both the IEZ and WPS groups, the maximum and minimum translucency parameters were recorded in 1530°C and 1440°C subgroups, respectively. The difference in the mean translucency was significant among the three subgroups of each zirconia group (P < 0.001). The mean translucency of WPS zirconia was significantly higher than that of IEZ zirconia (P < 0.01), and maximum difference was noted at 1500°C sintering temperature. Conclusion: Increasing the sintering temperature from 1440°C to 1530°C can significantly increase the translucency of IEZ and WPS zirconia blocks, and can be considered to improve the quality of zirconia restorations.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Lythrum salicaria Extract and In Vitro Exploration of Their Biological Activities

This research describes an eco-friendly green route for the synthesis of AgNPs using an aqueous extract of Lythrum salicaria. Taguchi design was used to optimize the synthesis method, taking into account various working conditions. The optimum parameters were established using a 3 mM AgNO3 concentration, a 1:9 extract:AgNO3 volume ratio, a pH value of 8, 60 ℃ temperature, and 180 min reaction time. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, and TEM and EDX analysis. The SPR band at 410 nm, as well as the functional groups of biomolecules identified by FTIR and the EDX signals at ~3 keV, confirmed the synthesis of spherical AgNPs. The average AgNPs size was determined to be 40 nm, through TEM, and the zeta potential was −19.62 mV. The antimicrobial assay showed inhibition against S. aureus and C. albicans. Moreover, the results regarding the inhibition of lipoxygenase and of peroxyl radical-mediated hemolysis assays were promising and justify further antioxidant studies.
Local support against gravity in magnetoturbulent fluids

Comparisons of the integrated thermal pressure support of gas against its gravitational potential energy lead to critical mass scales for gravitational instability such as the Jeans and the Bonnor-Ebert masses, which play an important role in analysis of many physical systems, including the heuristics of numerical simulations. In a strict theoretical sense, however, neither the Jeans nor the Bonnor-Ebert mass are meaningful when applied locally to substructure in a self-gravitating turbulent medium. For this reason, we investigate the local support by thermal pressure, turbulence, and magnetic fields against gravitational compression through an approach that is independent of these concepts. At the centre of our approach is the dynamical equation for the divergence of the velocity field. We carry out a statistical analysis of the source terms of the local compression rate (the negative time derivative of the divergence) for simulations of forced self-gravitating turbulence in periodic boxes with zero, weak, and moderately strong mean magnetic fields (measured by the averages of the magnetic and thermal pressures). We also consider the amplification of the magnetic field energy by shear and by compression. Thereby, we are able to demonstrate that the support against gravity is dominated by thermal pressure fluctuations, although magnetic pressure also yields a significant contribution. The net effect of turbulence in the highly supersonic regime, however, is to enhance compression rather than supporting overdense gas even if the vorticity is very high. This is incommensurate with the support of the highly dynamical substructures in magneto-turbulent fluids being determined by local virial equilibria of volume energies without surface stresses.
Investigating the nonlinear and conditional effects of trust—The new role of institutional contexts in online repurchase

Trust is paramount to developing and maintaining long‐term relationships in all stages of the customer lifecycle, including the repurchase stage. This research goes beyond the simple finding documented in the extant trust literature that the effect of trust will diminish. It sheds light on the role of institutional contexts and develops a nuanced understanding of the boundary conditions under which trust operates in the repurchase stage, where knowledge‐based trust becomes more predominant. Drawing on a different theoretical tenet, prospect theory, we find that customers exhibit distinctively different transaction intentions in the two perceptual conditions of high and low trust in institutional contexts. Specifically, the nonlinear relationship between trust and repeat online transaction intention is inverted U‐shaped curvilinear when trust in institutional contexts is high, but is U‐shaped when trust in institutional contexts is low. With data collected from both e‐commerce and mobile banking contexts using two different measures of institutional contexts, we employed a new and advanced latent moderated structural (LMS) equations approach for analysis and provided robust results. Our findings largely confirm the hypotheses and offer theoretical, methodological, and practical implications.