Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences in therapeutic efficacy among cell wall-active antibiotics in a mouse model of gram-negative sepsis.

The in vivo efficacy of three cell wall-active antibiotics, imipenem, meropenem, and ceftazidime, was compared in mice rendered hypersusceptible to the pathophysiologic effects of lipopolysaccharide by treatment with D-galactosamine. When CF-1 mice were administered Escherichia coli, D-galactosamine, and saline intraperitoneally, an LD50 was achieved at an inoculum of approximately 2 x 10(4) cfu. Administration of antibiotic at 20 mg/kg resulted in significant but widely variable protective efficacy from E. coli lethality among the three antibiotics. At this dose, an approximately 3-fold increase in LD50 was observed with either meropenem or ceftazidime, whereas administration of imipenem resulted in an approximately 8-fold increase in LD50 (P = .0053). When the dose of antibiotic was decreased to 2 mg/kg, neither meropenem nor ceftazidime could provide measurable protection, whereas imipenem was almost fully protective (P < .002). These differences in protective efficacy were also noted with experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Outcome After Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty for Glaucoma Treatment in a Thai Population

Purpose The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and predictive factors of success after selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for treating various types of open-angle glaucoma in a Thai population. Design The study employed a retrospective cohort design. Materials and Methods The study retrospectively recruited Thai subjects diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma receiving first time selective laser trabeculoplasty. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), ocular hypertension (OHT) and other types of open-angle glaucoma were included. Reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) of 20% or decreased number of antiglaucoma drugs usage after SLT was defined as success. Various parameters were analyzed for association with SLT success. Results Ninety-six eyes were recruited in the study. Mean pre- and postSLT IOP were 19.31±3.59 and 15.04±3.13 mmHg, respectively. IOP decreased significantly in all follow-up visits (p<0.001). Overall, 59.4% met the treatment endpoint. More than 10% postSLT IOP elevation at 1 hour was the only covariate positively associated with SLT success in both univariate (odds ratio (OR) = 1.042, p = 0.037) and multivariate analyses (OR = 1.040, p = 0.046). Underlying hypertension and preSLT IOP were negatively associated with SLT success in both univariate (OR = 0.970, p = 0.026, OR = 0.955, p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (OR = 0.970, p = 0.026, OR = 0.991, p < 0.001). Conclusion IOP significantly decreased as well as the number of antiglaucoma drugs needed after SLT. More than 10% postSLT IOP elevation at 1 hour was a positive predictor whereas systemic hypertension and preSLT IOP were negative predictors of SLT success.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy Outcomes for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Qualifying for Pneumatic Retinopexy

Purpose To investigate real-world outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) eligible for pneumatic retinopexy (PnR). Methods This was a single center retrospective case series looking at consecutive patients with primary RRDs. A database was created on all patients with a primary RRD from 2010 to 2018 based on billing code 67108. Eyes anatomically eligible for PnR were reviewed for preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics. The main outcome assessed was single surgery anatomical success (SSAS), final anatomical success (FAS), and postoperative LogMAR vision. Results A total of 720 eyes (age, 62.9 ± 9.1 years; 61.7% were male) met inclusion criteria for PnR and underwent PPV. SSAS was 94.0% and FAS was 99.9%. Preoperative and final LogMAR vision was 0.853 and 0.293 (P<0.001) in eyes with SSAS vs 0.714 and 0.648 (P=0.686) in eyes with primary failure. PVR was the most common etiology of primary surgical failure (n=21, 49%). Patients who failed primary repair had a mean of 1.12 additional surgeries with a median time of 45 days between surgeries. Conclusion A robust single surgery success rate with good visual outcomes was achieved across 8 years and multiple surgeons utilizing PPV to treat primary RRDs in eyes which anatomically qualified for pneumatic retinopexy in a real-world setting.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 646 hospitalised SARS-Cov-2 positive patients in Rivers State Nigeria: a prospective observational study

Introduction the knowledge of epidemiologic and clinical variables in patients with SARS- CoV-2 infection provides evidence and lessons that are useful for the pandemic response, with consideration of National and sub-National variations. The objective of this study was to characterize and describe the clinical and epidemiologic features of all the hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in Rivers State Nigeria, from March to August 2020. Methods a prospective descriptive multi-center study of patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT PCR, who were hospitalised for treatment and self-isolation in four treatment centers in Rivers state, Nigeria. Results the mean age of all the patients was 39.21 ± 12.31 years, with a range of 2 to 77 years. The majority of patients were in the 31 to 40-year (33.0%), 41 to 50-year (23.1%) and 18-to 30-year (22.0%) age groups. The patient population included 474 (73.4%) males and 172 (26.6%) females, with 93 (14.4%) healthcare workers. A history of contact and travel was established in 38.5% and at least one comorbid disease condition was present in 32.8% of patients. Patients with severe disease were 61 (9.45%), while the overall case fatality rate was 2%. The leading comorbid disease conditions were Hypertension in 23.8% and diabetes in 7.7% of patients. Fever (26.0%), dry Cough (17.6%), dyspnoea (12.7%), anosmia (12.7%) and headache (9.9%) were the most common symptoms. The presence of comorbidity and increasing age predicted death from COVID-19. Conclusion the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of this cohort of hospitalised patients show significant similarities with existing trends from previously reported studies, with contextual peculiarities.
Comparison of different water models from ambient to supercritical conditions: A Monte Carlo simulation and molecular Ornstein-Zernike study

Structural, thermodynamic, and dielectric properties of three polarizable and two nonpolarizable water models are compared with experimental data at four different thermodynamic states from ambient to supercritical conditions. Pair-correlation functions and thermodynamic data are obtained from Monte Carlo simulations, performed both on the (N,V,T) and (N,p,T) ensembles. The dielectric constants are determined with the molecular Ornstein–Zernike theory. It is found that the polarizable models can reproduce the experimental structure considerably better than the nonpolarizable ones at the high-temperature states. In particular, the elongation of the hydrogen bonds with increasing temperature, which is observed by neutron diffraction measurements, in only seen in the simulations with the polarizable potential models. On the other hand, the polarizable models fail to describe the correct temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties. Although at ambient conditions they overestimate both the density a.
Computer-Aided Analysis of Video Comments for Requirements Analysis

Computer-Aided Analysis of Video Comments for Requirements Analysis In this thesis requirements suitable for requirements engineering are extracted from comments below vision videos on the platform YouTube. The process of creating and preparing a dataset is described and the performance of different automated approaches is evaluated. The YouTube API is used to extract the comments, that are then classified into the categories Spam / Ham according to their content and sentiment. The manual classification is necessary to evaluate the results of the automated one. Word clouds are used to get an insight into the content of the relevant comments and decide on more specific categories to classify them according to their content. More specifically the categories Feature Request, Flaw Report, Safety Related, Efficiency Related and sometimes Questions are found. For the automated classification into the categories Spam / Ham the algorithms Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Linear Regression Classifier, Naive Bayes, and a Voting Classifier that combines the first three are used. To classify comments according to their sentiment TextBlob and SentiStrength are used. For the classification into specific categories, the Voting Classifier is used again. The SumBasic algorithm is used to summarize the relevant comments.
Addressing challenging behaviors in challenging environments: Findings from Ohio's early childhood mental health consultation system

Abstract Early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) has been promoted by the federal government as a promising model for reducing early childhood expulsions and suspensions and is now implemented by numerous states. Despite growing ECMHC proliferation, this study is only the second randomized controlled trial of ECMHC, extending the methodologies of the first to include assessment of effects on random peers. Classrooms were assigned randomly to treatment or waitlist-control condition (n = 51 classrooms, 57 preschool teachers, and 190 preschoolers). Evaluation measures were collected at both pretreatment and posttreatment, following approximately six consultation visits. Classroom and teacher outcomes were evaluated with ordinary least squares regressions, while hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate child-level outcomes, accounting for the nested study design. Treatment children (both the target children who prompted the referral for ECMHC and random peers) evidenced significant improvements in social and emotional skills. Promising trend findings were noted for child behavior problem reduction and teacher pedagogical approach and locus of control. No significant effects were found on likelihood of expulsion and classroom mental health climate. This is the first ECMHC to demonstrate effects on nontarget peers in a rigorous randomized controlled trial. Programmatic and methodologic limitations and implications are discussed.
Experimental determination of the wall effect for spheres falling axially in cylindrical vessels

Experimental data of the drag exerted by the walls of a cylindrical vessel on a sphere falling axially down it through a liquid are given for Reynolds numbers, based on the diameter of the sphere, between 0.05 and 20 000. Existing wall-correction formulae are examined in the light of the new data, the conclusion being that the Francis (1933) and Munroe (1888) equations are the most reliable in the laminar- and turbulent-flow regions respectively. Graphs show the correction to be applied in the intermediate-flow region.
Prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV 16/18) infection, cervical lesions and its associated factors among women aged 21–49 years in Amhara region, Northern Ethiopia

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered as the major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer, second most frequent cancer in Ethiopia. However, the magnitude of the problem and the associated factors remain unrevealed in the Amhara region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and factors contributing to the progression of HPV infection to cervical cancer. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed among women aged 21 to 49 years of age who came for routine cervical cancer screening to 4 randomly selected hospitals (2 general and 2 referral) of Amhara region from May to October, 2019. The sample size was calculated by using the single population proportion formula, proportionated to hospitals, and women were recruited consecutively. Socio demographic and clinical data were collected using a pretested questionnaire and detection of HPV infection was done using HPV test (OncoE6TM Cervical Test) specific to HPV16/18 in cervical swabs. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was used to determine cervical lesions (precancerous and cancerous). Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to describe HR-HPV and cervical lesions burden and association between HR-HPV, and cervical lesions and potential risk factors. Results Among 337 women 21 to 49 years (median age of 35 years ±SD = 7.1 years) of age enrolled in the study, The overall prevalence of oncogenic HPVs (HPV16/18) and the VIA-positivity rate, possible an indicative of cervical lesions, were 7.1% and 13.1%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between early age of first sexual intercourse (COR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.0–5.05) and level of education (COR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.78) with cervical lesions. Higher odds of HPV positivity (COR = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.59–4.11, p = 0.36) and VIA positivity (COR = 1.39; 95% CI: 0.64–3.00, p = 0.39) were observed among participants who had a history of sexually transmitted illnesses (STIs). Conclusions There was a relatively low prevalence of oncogenic HPV 16/18 and VIA-positivity in women attending four hospitals in the Amhara Region. Early age sexual contact, high parity, and being uneducated/low level of education were independently associated factors with HR-HPV infection and development of cervical lesions, highlighting the importance of prioritizing the limited HPV testing to those risk groups.
The Effects of Exercise and Restriction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Muscle Function and Autophagy Regulation in High-Fat High-Sucrose-Fed Obesity Mice

Background Autophagy maintains muscle mass and healthy skeletal muscles. Several recent studies have associated sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with diseases. We investigated whether muscle dysfunction due to obesity could be restored by SSB restriction (SR) alone or in combination with exercise (EX) training. Methods Obese mice were subjected to SR combined with treadmill EX. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, grip strength test, hanging time test, and body composition analysis were performed. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) serum concentrations and TG concentrations in quadriceps muscles were analyzed. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction helped analyze autophagy-related protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Results SR alone had no significant effect on fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and muscle function. However, it had effect on serum TC, serum TG, and BCL2 interacting protein 3 expression. SR+EX improved glucose tolerance and muscle function and increased serum TC utilization than SR alone. SR+EX reduced P62 levels, increased glucose transporter type 4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein expression, and improved grip strength relative to the high-fat and high-sucrose liquid (HFHS) group, and this was not observed in the HFHS+EX group. Conclusion SR induced mitophagy-related protein expression in quadriceps, without affecting muscle function. And, the combination of SR and EX activated mitophagy-related proteins and improved muscle function.
Aptima HPV messenger RNA testing and histopathologic follow‐up in women with HSIL cytology: A study emphasizing additional review of HPV‐negative cases

High‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) messenger RNA (mRNA) testing, the Food and Drug Administration–approved testing platform since 2013, has been increasing as a cervical screening alternative to hrHPV DNA testing methods. This study reports the largest routine clinical follow‐up study reported to date of hrHPV mRNA cotesting and histopathologic follow‐up results for women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology results.
LGBTQ+ Engagement in Activism: An Examination of Internalized Heterosexism and LGBTQ+ Community Connectedness

ABSTRACT Participation in activist groups has been demonstrated to have myriad benefits for LGBTQ+ individuals, including decreasing the negative mental health effects of discrimination. In this brief report, we present results from an exploratory study examining two factors that impact individuals’ involvement in activist groups: internalized heterosexism and connection to LGBTQ+ community. Participants (N = 1999) were LGBTQ+ adults aged 18–80 who were recruited online. Results revealed that participants who engaged in activist groups reported more connection to the LGBTQ+ community and less internalized heterosexism when compared to participants who did not engage in activist groups.
Consistency does not aid detection of feigned symptoms, overreporting does: Two explorative studies on symptom stability among truth tellers and feigners

Abstract Practitioners always want to exclude the possibility that a patient is feigning symptoms. Some experts have suggested that an inconsistent symptom presentation across time (i.e., intraindividual variability) is indicative of feigning. We investigated how individuals with genuine pain-related symptoms (truth tellers; Study 1 n = 32; Study 2 n = 48) and people feigning such complaints (feigners; Study 1 n = 32; Study 2 n = 28) rated the intensity of their symptoms across a 5-day period. In both studies, feigners reported on all 5 days significantly higher symptom intensities than people with genuine complaints, but the two groups did not differ with regard to symptom (in)consistency. Thus, persistently inflated, rather than inconsistent, reports of symptom intensity over time are suggestive of feigning. The implications and limitations of our work are discussed.
Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis

Treat-to-target (TTT) for osteoporosis is a concept for individualizing patient treatment decisions that focuses on achieving an acceptable level of fracture risk rather than response to treatment alone. While a response to treatment is essential in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk, it is not necessarily sufficient. Some patients have a good response to treatment yet remain at high level of fracture risk. Since there is no way to directly measure bone strength in patients treated for osteoporosis, a surrogate measurement must be used. Bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly used to select patients for treatment and has emerged as the most useful surrogate for assessing reduction of fracture risk after treatment is started. Recent large meta-regression studies have shown a robust correlation between larger increases in BMD with treatment and greater reductions in fracture risk. Application of TTT for osteoporosis involves assessing fracture risk before starting treatment and initiating treatment with an agent that is most likely to reduce fracture risk to an acceptable level, represented by a target BMD T-score, over a reasonable period of time. This review offers suggestions for implementing TTT for osteoporosis in clinical practice and managing patients who fail or succeed in reaching the target. More study is needed to fully validate the use of TTT for osteoporosis for initiating and modifying treatments to reduce fracture risk.
A role for keratin 17 during DNA damage response and tumor initiation

Significance Expression of keratin 17 (K17), an intermediate filament-forming cytoskeletal protein, is induced in a broad range of human carcinomas and has prognostic value for a growing number of tumor types. We report here that K17 is induced in response to DNA damage and that a nuclear pool of K17 regulates the immediate response to such damage, with an associated impact on cell survival. Impairing the nuclear pool of K17 markedly attenuates tumor initiation in mouse skin. Our finding adds a role for nuclear K17 in the DNA damage response (DDR) and further substantiates the significance of K17 expression and function during tumorigenesis. High levels of the intermediate filament protein keratin 17 (K17) are associated with poor prognoses for several human carcinomas. Studies in mouse models have shown that K17 expression is positively associated with growth, survival, and inflammation in skin and that lack of K17 delays onset of tumorigenesis. K17 occurs in the nucleus of human and mouse tumor keratinocytes where it impacts chromatin architecture, gene expression, and cell proliferation. We report here that K17 is induced following DNA damage and promotes keratinocyte survival. The presence of nuclear K17 is required at an early stage of the double-stranded break (DSB) arm of the DNA damage and repair (DDR) cascade, consistent with its ability to associate with key DDR effectors, including γ-H2A.X, 53BP1, and DNA-PKcs. Mice lacking K17 or with attenuated K17 nuclear import showed curtailed initiation in a two-step skin carcinogenesis paradigm. The impact of nuclear-localized K17 on DDR and cell survival provides a basis for the link between K17 induction and poor clinical outcomes for several human carcinomas.
Self-correction in science: The diagnostic and integrative motives for replication

A series of failed replications and frauds have raised questions regarding self-correction in science. Metascientific activists have advocated policies that incentivize replications and make them more diagnostically potent. We argue that current debates, as well as research in science and technology studies, have paid little heed to a key dimension of replication practice. Although it sometimes serves a diagnostic function, replication is commonly motivated by a practical desire to extend research interests. The resulting replication, which we label ‘integrative’, is characterized by a pragmatic flexibility toward protocols. The goal is to appropriate what is useful, not test for truth. Within many experimental cultures, however, integrative replications can produce replications of ambiguous diagnostic power. Based on interviews with 60 members of the Board of Reviewing Editors for the journal Science, we show how the interplay between the diagnostic and integrative motives for replication differs between fields and produces different cultures of replication. We offer six theses that aim to put science and technology studies and science activism into dialog to show why effective reforms will need to confront issues of disciplinary difference.
Mental health impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on US college students: Results of a photoelicitation project

Abstract Objective: This study seeks to understand the experiences of college student as they completed their education during the COVID-19 lockdown. Participants: Students at a large 4-year college in Midwestern USA. Methods: We conducted a photo-survey of students’ experiences during the lockdown. Student researchers and faculty collaborated to analyze images and texts in a way that privileged students’ interpretation. Results: Students frequently reported worsening mental health during the lockdown. Nonacademic aspects of students’ lives such as work and the home environment significantly contributed to perceived stress. Students, especially freshmen coped maladaptively with unmet psychosocial and educational needs. Faculty may underestimate the indirect impact of the pandemic on students’ lives and academic outcomes. Conclusion: Perspectives presented herein add the crucial voice of students to ongoing conversations to meet pandemic-related mental health needs of college students.