Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Believing is achieving: a longitudinal study of self-efficacy and positive affect in resettled refugees

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the link between self-efficacy and positive affect among resettled refugees (N = 180). We hypothesised that self-efficacy would play a key role in improving refugee wellbeing. Research used mixed methods. Alongitudinal survey with three time points confirmed that higher levels of general self-efficacy were consistently associated with better positive affect at later time points. The reverse effects, from positive affect to later self-efficacy, were not significant. In addition, qualitative interviews with a subsample provide suggestions as to how self-efficacy of refugees might be improved: that is, by improving access to employment and language classes, by clarifying how British social and cultural systems work, including the practical information necessary to navigate daily life, and by providing more opportunities to increase social networks, all suggesting the necessity of a proactive role of the receiving society.
Inferring the evolutionary history of outcrossing populations through computing a multiallelic linkage–linkage disequilibrium map

Linkage disequilibrium (LD), the non‐random association of alleles at different loci, has been used as an important parameter to study the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of natural populations. A joint analysis of LD with the linkage of the same marker pair has proven to gain more insight into the genetic signature of population diversification than LD analysis alone. We develop a unifying framework for simultaneously estimating the linkage and LD across pairs of multiallelic markers. The framework has particular power to construct the LD map from any markers with an arbitrary number of alleles per locus. We provide an efficient strategy to manipulate disequilibrium parameters whose number increases exponentially with the number of alleles. The model was tested through extensive simulation studies and validated by analysing a real marker data set from a population genetic research project of euphrates poplar, a desert tree, distributed in the north‐western China. For widespread undomesticated natural populations, compared with biallelic markers, multiallelic markers with a high level of polymorphism are more powerful to study their genetic structure and organization of an outcrossing population. The model developed will potentially have an immediate implication for population and evolutionary genetic studies.
The diet of the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) on the north coast of New South Wales

Abstract Food taken by Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) was assessed at nine nests in the Clarence Valley, in northeastern New South Wales, from 1991 to 1996 by observing food taken to nests and collecting remains below nests. Opportunistic observations and collections were also made at other nests and feeding sites on the north coast of New South Wales. The diet consisted primarily of mullet species, particularly the Sea Mullet (Mugil cephalus), and Yellowfin Bream (Acanthopagrus australis). The diet differed from that of Ospreys in the Great Barrier Reef, but was similar to that in other subtropical and tropical areas of the world.
Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The ATA study

Objective: Despite recommendations from heart failure guidelines on the use of pharmacologic and device therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), important inconsistencies in guideline adherence persist in practice. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to guideline-directed medical and device therapy for the treatment of patients with chronic HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%). Methods: The Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with HFrEF (ATA) study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 24 centers from January 2019 to June 2019. Results: The study included 1462 outpatients (male: 70.1%, mean age: 67±11 years, mean LVEF: 30%±6%) with chronic HFrEF. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and ivabradin were used in 78.2%, 90.2%, 55.4%, and 12.1% of patients, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving target doses of medical treatments was 24.6% for RAS inhibitors, 9.9% for beta-blockers, and 10.5% for MRAs. Among patients who met the criteria for implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), only 16.9% of patients received an ICD (167 of 983) and 34% (95 of 279) of patients underwent CRT (95 of 279). Conclusion: The ATA study shows that most HFrEF outpatients receive RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers but not MRAs or ivabradin when the medical reasons for nonuse, such as drug intolerance or contraindications, are taken into account. In addition, most eligible patients with HFrEF do not receive target doses of pharmacological treatments or guideline-recommended device therapy.
Practical Techniques for Surveying and Monitoring Squirrels

Red squirrels (Figure 1) are native to Britain but their future survival is threatened by loss of habitat (Pepper and Patterson, 1998) and by the spread of the grey squirrel, a native of North America introduced into Britain in the 1870s. There is some evidence (Pepper et al., 2001) that, given the right conditions, the native red can compete successfully with the introduced grey. But in managing habitats to create these conditions (Gurnell and Pepper, 1991) it is advisable to monitor squirrel populations to assess how numbers and distribution are responding to changes in habitat and management practices.
Pathogenicity study of field isolates of Avibacterium paragallinarum in experimentally infected birds

Infectious coryza (IC), caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, is an infectious and highly contagious disease among the primary bacterial respiratory disease of poultry. Reports regarding pathogenicity studies of the Indian isolates of this important poultry pathogen are limited. The present paper reports the pathogenicity study of the field isolates of Av. paragallinarum in experimentally infected birds. A total of 28 birds of seven week old age were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups – Group I (n=16), II (n=8) and III (n=4). Four birds each of the Group-I and II were infected separately with the four field isolates and two reference isolates of Av. paragallinarum, respectively. Birds of Group-III were kept as uninfected control. An inoculum of 0.2 ml (1011 CFU/ml viable bacteria) was given to the chicks through intranasal and infraorbital sinus route of each isolate for three days. All the infected birds were examined daily for 7–10 days for clinical symptoms and progression of the disease. All the four field isolates of Av. paragallinarum were found to be pathogenic exhibiting typical clinical signs and histopathological lesions of infectious coryza. The causative bacterium Av. paragallinarumwas re-isolated from nasal and infraorbital sinus cavity exudates after 3rd day and 7th day of infection.
To build a home: A phenomenological approach of reconstructing “feeling-at-home” among children living in households with parents exhibiting depressive symptoms

Living in a household with a parent exhibiting depressive symptoms causes major disruptions in family relations, particularly between parent and child, and radically changes family life spaces. In this study, we integrated a place-based approach to interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine the subjective experiences of “feeling-at-home” among children living in households with parents exhibiting depressive symptoms. Using accounts obtained from photo elicitation interviews with seven participants, four key findings show the experience of “feeling-at-home” as (1) navigating emotional turmoil evoked through black holes and comfort rooms, (2) managing “being together” evoked through walls and dining tables, (3) overcoming fear evoked through terraces and flowers, and (4) seeing hope in what is (left of) home (somewhere). Main discussion highlights the spatial constitution in phenomenological research, children’s agency within volatile and “immovable” households, and changing spaces of emotional scarring.
Artificial selection reveals the role of transcriptional constraints in the maintenance of life history variation

The trade‐off between reproduction and self‐maintenance is a cornerstone of life history theory, yet its proximate underpinnings are elusive. Here, we used an artificial selection approach to create replicated lines of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) that differ genetically in their reproductive investment. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that females from lines selected for high reproductive output show a consistent upregulation of genes associated with reproduction but a simultaneous downregulation of immune genes. Concordant phenotypic differences in immune function (i.e., specific antibody response against keyhole limpet hemocyanin) were observed between the selection lines, even in males who do not provide parental care. Our findings demonstrate the key role of obligate transcriptional constraints in the maintenance of life history variation. These constraints set fundamental limits to productivity and health in natural and domestic animal populations.
Coupling of Clouds and Tropospheric Relative Humidity in the Tropical Western Atlantic: Insights From Multisatellite Observations

We investigated the interactions between clouds and moisture at the diurnal scale in the Western Atlantic trade winds region. Profiles of tropospheric relative humidity from the SAPHIR/Megha‐Tropiques sounder are combined with cloud categories obtained from geostationary satellites. In winter, the midtroposphere undergoes strong daytime drying due to air masses coming from the colder upper troposphere. The moistening near the surface triggered by solar radiation precludes the development of low‐level clouds. At night rising moist air in the upper troposphere triggers the formation of high‐altitude clouds and favors their presence. In summer, daytime high‐altitude clouds shield the solar forcing on the atmosphere and reduce drying from large‐scale subsidence. After sunset, the development of upper tropospheric opaque clouds constitutes a local source of moisture. We argue that modulations of the diurnal cycle of clouds and relative humidity by season may be related to diurnal pulses of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Diversity of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Cultivars Based on Physicochemical, Nutritional, Antioxidant, and Phytochemical Traits in South West Nigeria

ABSTRACT Evaluation of chemical characteristics of fruit crops has been successfully used for the selection of cultivars for breeding programs. In a bid to access useful information for the utilization of mango genetic resources in Nigeria, 10 mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars were evaluated for physicochemical, nutritional, antioxidant, and phytochemical characteristics at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria. Cultivars showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation for quantitative and chemical traits. Madoe, Saigon, Ogbomoso, and Haden had the highest values for TSS (19.25% brix), vitamin C (11.68%), pH (5.91), and shelf life (12.00), respectively. Alphonso had the highest values for starch – 1.73; reducing sugar – 0.61; amylose – 11.78 g/100 g, and some minerals (K – 20.15; Mn – 7.79; Ca – 51.50; Fe – 4.99; Zn – 32.95; Cu – 11.10, and Cr – 0.47 mg/100 g) composition, but low values for phytochemicals (phytate – 0.86 and tannin – 0.54 mg/100 g). The highest antioxidant values were recorded for Julie (DPPH inhibition 85.24%; reducing power – 2.46) and Saigon (total antioxidant 322.14 mg/100 g vitamin C equivalent). However, the least genetic similarity (2.41) was recorded between Palmer and Kent, while the highest genetic similarity (6.68) was between Ogbomoso and Edward. The total variation explained by the first four principal component (PC) axes was 71%. Results obtained from this study indicate that the mango cultivars are divergent and can be useful genetic resources for mango improvement through breeding.
Evaluating optimal 
U
 for 
3d
 transition-metal oxides within the SCAN+
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 framework

Olivia Y. Long ,1 Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam ,2 and Emily A. Carter 2,3,* 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA 2Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, USA 3Office of the Chancellor and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Box 951405, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1405, USA
The ACA Medicaid Rebate Rule Change: Impact on Pricing and Innovation

We study how Medicaid drug procurement rules affect private markets, leveraging new data and changes to rules implemented in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Using a stylized model, we illustrate how the rules of the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program (MDRP) qualitatively distorts pricing and innovation outcomes. Consistent with previous literature, the model predicts that larger mandatory rebates cause firms to set higher initial list prices. However, after factoring in the MDRP’s inflation penalty and “best price” provisions, the model predicts that higher Medicaid rebates reduce list price growth, increase private market rebates, and can even encourage higher quality line extensions. We test these predictions using a difference-in-difference analysis that exploits an increase in the minimum Medicaid rebate implemented as part of the ACA. Our empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the model and provide a more nuanced view of the impact of mandatory rebate size on private drug market outcomes. ∗We would like to thank Heidi Williams for providing detailed comments and feedback, as well as participants to various seminars and lunches at UNC. We also want to thank Richard Evans and Scott Hinds at SSR Health for sharing their data and providing additional feedback. The research was supported by the National Institute on Aging, Grant Number T32-AG000186. †josh.feng@eccles.utah. edu ‡Thomas_Hwang@hms.harvard. edu §lmaini@email.unc. edu
Evolution de la gynodioécie-gynomonoécie : approches expérimentales chez Silene nutans & approche théorique

Chez les plantes a fleurs, la gynodioecie -- systeme dans lequel coexistent des individus femelles et des individus hermaphrodites -- est le systeme de reproduction le plus commun apres l'hermaphrodisme. La question de l'evolution et surtout du maintien de la gynodioecie et du polymorphisme genetique sous-jacent a intrigue les chercheurs depuis le 19e siecle. Aujourd'hui, les grands principes de son evolution sont poses mais beaucoup de zones d'ombres persistent. Durant ma these, j'ai explore trois aspects de la gynodioecie en utilisant une approche experimentale chez l'espece Silene nutans et une approche theorique. Je me suis en premier lieu interessee au determinisme genetique de la gynodioecie grâce a la realisation de croisements controles qui m'ont permis de montrer que le determinisme genetique du sexe etait cytonucleaire, c'est a dire controle par plusieurs genes de sterilite mâle cytoplasmique (CMS) et plusieurs restaurateurs nucleaires de fertilite. En parallele, j'ai porte une attention particuliere aux plantes gynomonoiques -- celles ou coexistent sur le meme pied des fleurs pistilles (femelles) et des fleurs parfaites (hermaphrodites) -- frequentes chez Silene nutans comme chez d'autres especes gynodioiques. J'ai montre que les caracteristiques reproductrices et florales de ce troisieme phenotype sexuel etaient souvent intermediaires entre celles des femelles et des hermaphrodites mais pouvaient dependre de la proportion de fleurs pistillees sur la plante. Par ailleurs et contrairement a ce qui avait ete suggere, la plasticite du phenotype gynomonoique s'est revelee etre relativement reduite, suggerant un determinisme genetique dont la caracterisation est encore en cours. La troisieme partie de ma these a ete motivee par les preuves recentes d'heteroplasmie -- coexistence de differents genomes mitochondriaux au sein d'un individu -- et de la transmission occasionnelle du genome mitochondrial par le pollen chez Silene vulgaris. J'ai montre theoriquement que la presence d'un gene de sterilite mâle cytoplasmique favorisait l'evolution de la fuite paternelle de mitochondries. J'ai egalement verifie experimentalement l'heredite mitochondriale chez Silene nutans par le genotypage des descendances de croisements controles.
Ghanese Lizards of the Genus Mabuya (Scincidae, Sauria, Reptilia)

In the present paper the eight species of Mabuya occurring in Ghana are discussed. A key for their identification is given. Two of the species reported for Ghana were known only from the rainforest in the Congo basin, now their presence in the rainforest west of the Dahomey-gap is demonstrated. One of these, Mabuya albilabris (Hallowell), has since long been considered a synonym of M. blandingii (Hallowell), but careful examination of large series proved that M. albilabris (Hallowell), is a perfectly good species, a view sustained by observations on both species in the wild. One species, of which ten specimens from Ghana and one from Nigeria are known, is described as new. A new subspecies of Mabuya polytropis Boulenger is described from the rainforest west of the Dahomey-gap. The name of the species known until now as M. blandingii (Hallowell) is changed into M. affinis (Gray).
Thiomicrospira crunogena: A chemoautotroph with a carbon concentrating mechanism

vi Chapter 1 Background 1 Hydrothermal vents 2 Carbon concentrating mechanisms 2 Dissolved inorganic uptake 3 RubisCO 3 Carboxysomes 5 Carbonic anhydrase 6 Thiomicrospira crunogena 6 References 9 Chapter 2 The Carbon Concentrating Mechanism of the Hydrothermal Vent Chemolithoautotroph Thiomicrospira crunogena 14 Abstract 15 Introduction 16 Materials and Methods 18 Results 24 Discussion 29 Acknowledgements 32 References 33 Chapter 3 Expression and Function of Three Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes in Thiomicrospira crunogena 37 Introduction 37 Materials and Methods 40 Results 48 Discussion 53 References 58 Chapter 4 Transcriptone Response in Thiomicrospira crunogena to the Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Concentration 62 Introduction 62 Materials and Methods 64 Results and Discussion 70 ii References 79 Chapter 5 Overall Conclusions 83 References 85 Appendix A The Genome of Deep Sea Vent Chemolithoautotoph Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2 89 About the Author End page
Molecular diversity of Amansieae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Hawaiian Islands: a multi‐marker assessment reveals high diversity within Amansia glomerata

Sixty‐one Hawaiian algal specimens corresponding to members of the tribe Amansieae (Amansia and Osmundaria) were compared through DNA sequence analysis. Short DNA barcode‐like sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and universal plastid amplicon (UPA) markers were obtained for as many of the specimens as possible, and a subset of specimens was also used for amplification and sequencing of the nuclear small‐subunit rRNA (SSU) gene for phylogenetic inference in a broader taxonomic context. Statistical parsimony analysis of the COI and UPA markers for A. glomerata produced relationships among the samples that were largely congruent with each other, although the UPA marker was more conserved. The COI marker yielded three lineages, and nucleotide divergences for these three lineages were intermediate to those typically reported for intraspecific and interspecific comparisons, suggesting that they represent either incipient species or a complex of closely related species. The COI and UPA sequences demonstrated little to no divergence for Osmundaria obtusiloba and the taxon referred to as Amansia fimbrifolia. In contrast, specimens identified as A. daemelii were identical in sequence to lineage 3 sequences of A. glomerata, and it is recommended that this taxon no longer be included in species lists for the Hawaiian flora. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the SSU gene was largely unresolved, indicating that this marker may be of limited utility for this purpose in this group of algae, but a small amount of nucleotide variation was found for samples of A. glomerata.
Integrated analog neurons inspired by mimicking synapses with metal-oxide memristive devices

Artificial neural networks (NNs) integrated with emerging devices are one promising approach to overcoming the limitations of artificial intelligence hardware based on existing CMOS technologies. Two-terminal memristive devices consisting of metal-oxide WOx/MgO were fabricated and investigated in order to add synaptic memory functions to NN hardware. The device showed analog conductance changes similar to a biological synapse’s spike-timing dependent plasticity as well as its binarized characteristics, which depend on waveforms of voltage spikes. To exploit such properties of the memristive devices for practical hardware, NN simulations were executed taking into account analog and binary synapses, resulting in good accuracy. For rapid NN prototyping with resistive synapses, we developed an analog-to-digital mixed circuit with variable resistors, which was fabricated using a standard CMOS process. Thirty-two analog neurons, where 1 neuron comprises 32 synapses, performed 1k synaptic operations at approximately 10 mW and generate neuronal firing at approximately less than 2 μs.
Optical properties of chlorin e6 in living melanoma cells

The tetrapyrrole chlorin e6 (Ce6) is actively used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and as a test drug for sonodynamic therapy due to its ability to generate singlet oxygen. In this work, we have analyzed the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and PL excitation spectra of Ce6 molecules in a nutrient medium and inside the melanoma cells. An analysis of the results shows that Ce6 inside the cancer cells with a low pH remains in monomeric form. A photodynamic test has also been conducted that confirmed the photodynamic effect produced by Ce6 in cancer cells by changing the signals from Ce6 and cells in the absorption and PL spectra.