Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant Derived Antiviral Products for Potential Treatment of COVID-19: A Review

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is declared global pandemic. The virus owing high resemblance with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has been placed in family of beta-coronavirus. However, transmission and infectivity rate of COVID-19 is quite higher as compared to other members of family. Effective management strategy with potential drug availability will break the virus transmission chain subsequently reduce the pressure on the healthcare system. Extensive research trials are underway to develop novel efficient therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have discussed the origin and family of coronavirus, structure, genome and pathogenesis of virus SARS-CoV-2 inside human host cell; comparison among SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-2 and common flu; effective management practices; treatment with immunity boosters; available medication with ongoing clinical trials. We suggest medicinal plants could serve as potential candidates for drug development against COVID-19 infection.
The Influence of Health Insurance on the Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services in Kumba Health District: A Community-based Assessment

Background The cash payments required to access services at health facilities called user fees are perceived to be a key barrier to improving maternal health care. This study was carried out to determine the influence of health insurance enrollment on the utilization of maternal health care services in Kumba Health District (KHD). Methods This was an analytic community-based cross-sectional study carried out in KHD, including women of child-bearing age who have had their latest delivery within 5years prior to the study. Six of the twelve health areas in the KHD were purposively selected due to the presence of health insurance companies. Probability proportionate to size sampling was used to determine the number of eligible women to be selected from each of the health areas. Data were entered into Excel 2013 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square tests and Logistic regression were employed to identify associations between variables. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results A total of 392 eligible women of child-bearing age (15-49years) were recruited into the study. A very high proportion, 94.4% of the women attended at least one ANC visit during their last pregnancy prior to the study. However, only 118(31.9%) started ANC in the critical first trimester. The prevalence of skilled facility delivery was 90.3% (95% CI: 87.2 – 93.1%). The proportion of women using a family planning method was low, 45.4% (95%CI: 49.5 – 59.2%). In multivariate analyses, insurance enrollment was significantly associated with family planning utilization (P-value: 0.000, AOR: 3.96, 95%CI: 2.14-7.35). Conclusion Less than a quarter of women of reproductive age are enrolled in health insurance in the KHD. Health insurance has been found to influence the utilization of family planning services in Kumba Health District, but not antenatal care and skilled facility delivery, though insured women are more likely to utilize these services than the uninsured. Universal health care coverage is, therefore, necessary to ensure financial accessibility to maternal health care services by all women.
Relationship between Physiological-Emotional State and the Perception of Pain during Bracket Debonding

Objective: Pain is a subjective phenomenon and it is highly affected by individual variations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physiological-emotional state on perceived pain during bracket debonding. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six participants with the mean ages of 16.73 ±2.61 years (38 females, 16.58 ±2.49 years; 28 males, 16.94 ±2.80) who were in the stage of debonding were enrolled in the study. The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory and Pain Catastrophizing Scales before removing the brackets, and pressure pain thresholds were detected by using the algometer device. Following the debonding of the brackets, the perception of pain for each tooth was measured using the Visual Analog Scale. It was investigated whether there were significant correlations between the perceived pain and the variables investigated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical analysis was performed separately for both female and male groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the gender groups of any of the investigated variables. A total of 144 correlations were examined between the pain scores of 24 teeth and the six investigated variables. Eleven and six correlations were found statistically significant in females and males, respectively. For the remaining 133 and 138 correlations in females and males respectively, there was no statistical significance. In both genders, mean pain scores were higher in the lower anterior region. Conclusion: Although few correlations were found statistically significant, there was no remarkable relationship between the physiological-emotional state and debonding pain.
Population dynamics of pod borer Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea

A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture and organic farm, Centre for Natural Resources Management, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the population dynamics of the pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea. The eggs were observed from 49th standard week (first week of December) till 3rd standard week (third week of January); and the larvae from 49th standard week till crop harvesting i.e., 11th standard week (second week of March). Correlation coefficients between egg population and minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and bright sunshine revealed a negative relationship, while evening relative humidity, rainfall, showed positive but non-significant effects; and a negative effect of maximum temperature and wind velocity was observed. As regards larvae, it was a positive one with maximum temperature, and negative with minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, wind velocity and rainfall. Significant positive correlation with bright sunshine and highly significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity was observed.
Potential Value of Using Insect Meal As an Alternative Protein Source for Japanese Quail Diet

02/January/2018 Approved: 10/November/2019 ABSTRACT A feeding trial was conducted to determine the potential value of replacing 100 % of meat and bone meal (MBM) ingredient as the major animal protein source in Japanese quail diets by 50% and 100% of insect meal derived from S. littoralis Larvae. A total of 360, 7 days-old quail chicks, were randomly divided into three equal groups (120 chicks) with three replicates each. They were offered three different diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The Diet 1 contained MBM only as a major source of animal protein, diet 2 had both MBM (50%) and insect meal (50%) while diet 3 contained insect meal (100%). Results: Partial or total replacement of S. littoralis larvae with MBM increased
Prevalence of Generalized and Selective Joint Hyper-Mobility in School Going Children of Age 6-12 Years of Central India

Introduction: Most individuals showing hyper-mobility are asymptomatic but many complications may arise as a result of hyper-mobile joints. Hyper-mobility may have a significant impact on quality of life of affected children and their parents, even in the milder forms. Joint hyper-mobility is common in childhood. To date, prevalence study has not yet been conducted in central India. Material and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was performed in 1,006 asymptomatic typically developing 6-to-12 year’s school going children (569 boys and 437 girls). Children were included from four local schools of city which was selected by random number table method out of total 244 schools by convenient sampling. All the children from each class were screened and assessed on the basis of Beighton’s score. They were classified as generalized joint hypermobility(GJH) if they scored ≥4/9 and as selective joint hyper-mobility(SJH) if they scored 1-3/ 9 and score 0 as no joint hyper-mobility. Data analysis and Results: Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel Sheet version 2009 to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the demographic data and prevalence of GJH and SJH was calculated in percentage. The prevalence of JH in 6-12 years children was 78.32%(788/1006) (Beighton’s score 1-to-9). The prevalence of GJH (Beighton score ≥4/9) was 34.49%(347/1006) and SJH (Beighton’s score 1-3) was 43.83% (441/1006). Conclusion: Prevalence of JH in 6-to-12 years children is very high (78.32 %) including GJH- 34.49 % and SJH- 43.83 % in central India. GJH was common in girls whereas SJH was common in boys.
Genetic parameters and gain from selection in sweet potato genotypes with high beta-carotene content

Estimating genetic parameters is an essential procedure to define strategies for breeding and selection of higher yielding genotypes. The use of a selection index can assist in decision making by combining the high yield trait with other desirable traits. The objective of this study was to verify the possibility of gains from selection in a sweet potato population to select potentially promising genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with three plants per plot and two replications, consisting of 255 sweet potato genotypes and a commercial cultivar (256 treatments). The data were analyzed through REML/BLUP. Genetic gains were evaluated using selection indexes based on the rank sun. The plant population tested showed high genetic variability; 81.25% of the traits had genotypic coefficients of variation above 20%, which indicates conditions favorable to selection with considerable genetic advances. CERAT31-01, CERAT21-02, and CERAT51-30 can be recommended as the most promising genotypes.
On the Performance of Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Content Delivery Networks With Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

Wireless content delivery (CD) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have been confirmed to be promising and effective approaches to gain substantial performance improvement for hybrid satellite-terrestrial (HST) networks. To improve the spectrum efficiency and reduce the delay of retrieving the content for the satellite user, we investigate the performance of the HST-CD network with the NOMA scheme, where the satellite proactively pushes/broadcasts the popular contents to the cache-enabled relay, and then the user is able to directly retrieve the required content from the relay with less transmission delay. Specifically, based on the practical propagation model along with the stochastic geometry, the outage probability for the cache-enabled relays of the considered network is theoretically derived. Besides, the hit probability of the user in the HST-CD network is also provided. Finally, both simulation and analytical results are provided to validate the effect of the HST-CD network with the NOMA scheme and proclaim the influence of key factors on the performance.
The Revival of Dutch Nationalist Narratives as a Threat to European Identity

This article analyses the impact of a recent revival of nationalist narratives in The Netherlands on the issue of European identity. In the past decade, a sensitive and very salient debate has risen around the controversial figure of Zwarte Piet, part of a popular national festival called Sinterklaas. The article explains the nature of this tradition and elaborates on the development of the public debate on the topic. By analysing the defensive reaction towards criticism from Dutch action groups, the European Parliament and the United Nations, the article intends to expose an emphasis on nationalist arguments and invented traditions. It is often argued that the debate has already led to an increase in polarization in the country itself, but the article shows that it could also potentially function as a threat to European identity.
Investigation of the Effects of Boron on Leucocyte Functions and Formed Free Radical Status in Endotoxin-Mediated Inflammation

Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides which make up some part of the cell walls of gram negative bacteria. Endotoxemia is one of the most important mechanisms in the generation of inflammation. Inflammation is a powerful physiological response to tissue damage caused by the microorganisms, physical, chemical and other factors. Many cells, especially leukocytes, and the cytokines released from these cells play role at the start of inflammation. The most significant players in inflammation are interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The pathogens which cause inflammation are removed through phagocytosis. The oxygen-dependent mechanisms that phagocytic cells use to remove damaging factor include superoxide radical formation and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system. Boron is an element which has a considerable importance in terms of reserve in our country. Since its areas of use are quite wide the exposure to boron is more in all respects. The boron is thought to have numerous effects on the living organisms. In the light of this information, this study aims to investigate the effect of boron on the functions of leukocyte and the situation of formed free radical in the endotoxin-mediated inflammation. Accordingly, 3 separate experimental groups each of which has 6 rats were created; control, boron+ endotoxin and endotoxin groups. 100 mg / kg boric acid was administered to boron + endotoxin group through gavage for 28 days. On day 28, 4 mg / kg lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin / LPS) were administered to endotoxin group and boron + endotoxin group intraperitoneally. In serums of rats, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured with ELISA as SOD and MPO were measured spectrophotometrically. TNF-α concentration decreased in the boron + endotoxin and endotoxin groups compared to the control group whereas IL-6 concentration did not change between the groups. SOD concentration increased in the Boron + endotoxin group compared to the endotoxin group. SOD value measured in the endotoxin group is lower than the control group. MPO concentration of the boron + endotoxin group is higher than those of the endotoxin and control groups. In conclusion, it is thought that boron has no effect on TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Increase in SOD level due to boron can be attributed to the role of boron as a regulator by affecting the production of free radicals positively. The increase in MPO level suggests that the boron element plays a useful and adaptive role in the destruction of the infectious agent taken by phagocytosis.
Influence of dietary carrot and paprika on egg physical characteristics and yolk color

For many consumers egg yolk color is a very important characteristic of egg quality. Since hens are not able to synthesize coloring pigments, the intensity of the yolk color depends directly on the content and profile of pigmenting carotenoids present in their feed. The aim of this study was to assess the combined pigmenting effect of paprika and carrot and their ability to achieve egg yolks in the desired color range. Biological tests lasted for 30 days and were conducted on 180 Lohmann Brown layers. The laying hens were divided in six groups. Every group was assigned to one of six possible treatments, control 1 (C1) treatment without any pigments added, control 2 (C2) treatment with synthetic pigments added and four experimental diets (D1, D2, D3, D4) with the addition of natural color sources (paprika and carrot). After experimental period collected eggs were analyzed regarding physical characteristics of eggs, content of β-carotene and yolk color of eggs. Obtained results has shown that dried carrot and milled paprika can successfully replace synthetic pigments, with no negative effects on physical characteristics of produced eggs, egg yolk color, acceptability or β-carotene content.
Social Vulnerability and Hurricane Evacuation Behavior in Hampton Roads, VA: Emergency Management Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Low-to-Moderate Income Households in a Social Construction Paradigm

SOCIAL VULNERABILITY AND HURRICANE EVACUATION BEHAVIOR IN HAMPTON ROADS, VA: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF LOW-TO-MODERATE INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION PARADIGM Mechelle Bonit Smith Old Dominion University, 2020 Director: Dr. Wie Yusuf The purpose of this research is to examine current emergency management (EM) evacuation policies and practices with respect to vulnerable populations’ hurricane evacuation behaviors. The response of vulnerable households and local and state governments’ implementation of emergency evacuation policies and practices provide possible linkages to continual problems faced by local governments in addressing its most vulnerable residents. Using social construction as a theoretical foundation provides context for the consideration of vulnerable populations in emergency management policy and hurricane evacuation. This research is a qualitative case study of emergency management policies, practices, and perceived household evacuation behaviors in several cities of Hampton Roads, Virginia. The research area consists of Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Portsmouth and Hampton. This study uses the phenomenological method of inquiry to obtain information about experiences and practices of EM practitioners and stakeholders. During this research process, areas are identified where social construction theory provides efficacy in explaining the findings. During the interviews with emergency management practitioners and stakeholders, the conclusion was although other socially vulnerable populations such as the elderly, homeless, disabled, and medically fragile receive EM policy considerations, income, specifically, low-to-moderate income households, is not considered as a resource base or identified as its own group for social vulnerability in EM policies and practices. This research finds this to be the case even though throughout the research literature, income is a primary factor for social vulnerability in environmental hazards and natural disasters (Blaikie, Cannon, Davis, & Wisner, 1994; Bergstrand, Mayer, Brumback, & Zhang, 2018; Buckle, 1998; Cutter, 1996, Cutter & Emrich, 2006; Gooden, Jones, Martin, & Boyd, 2009; Myers, Slack, & Singelmann, 2008; Rufat, Tate, Burton, & Maroof, 2015). This research informs policy decision making and implementation at local government’s multiple levels. Additionally, this study informs research disciplines rooted in policy theory about how social construction theory affects policy creation and implementation. Lastly, this case study’s research findings will better inform the planning and implementation of current and future EM and other related policies and practices to allow more inclusive considerations for Hampton Roads’ diverse populations.
The potential of using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in assessing bacterial leaf blight on rice in West Java, Indonesia.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has affected rice production in tropical to sub-tropical countries. In Indonesia, it is one of the most important diseases of rice. This study sought to develop an inexpensive and accurate method of assessing BLB damage using remote sensing technology. The field assessments were conducted in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia in 2017 and 2018. Visual assessments of disease severities were scored, and GPS coordinates of each sample plot were recorded. The potential of using spectral data from earth-observing Sentinel-2 satellites was explored in detecting BLB damages. Correlations between BLB severities and spectral indices proposed in related studies were evaluated, revealing that all bands of Sentinel-2A except Band 10 can potentially be useful for BLB damage detection. The visible, red-edge, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared regions may be usable for discriminating healthy rice plants from BLB damaged plants. BLB severities were strongly correlated with spectral index values, and four indices, BLB Index 1, Green Red Edge index, and Disease-Water Stress indices 1 and 2, in addition to two common vegetation indices of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Ratio Vegetation Index, were practically applicable for estimating the BLB severities.
Treatment at a high-volume academic research program mitigates racial disparities in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background Racial disparities have long been a subject of concern between patients afflicted with pancreatic cancer in the United States. We believe that, in addition to a high-volume center, treatment at an academic research program (ARP) will mitigate racial outcome disparities. Methods A total of 12,950 patients diagnosed with stage I-III pancreatic adenocarcinoma from 2003-2011 and at ACS Commission on Cancer (COC) accredited facilities [e.g., high-volume (≥12 cases/year) ARPs] were evaluated from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Sociodemographic, clinicopathological, and treatment variables were compared between Black (N=1,127) and White (N=11,823) patients. The Kaplan-Meier Estimator and Cox Proportional Hazards Model were used for survival analysis. P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results Black patients had a significantly higher overall survival (OS) than White patients, despite having a significantly lower household income, lower education level, more stage III disease, more Medicaid recipients, and higher comorbidity index (P<0.05). The 5-year unadjusted OS (28.6% versus 23.9%, a median survival time (months) was (25.2 versus 23.7 months for Black and White patients, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in surgical margin status or receipt of chemoradiation between the two cohorts. After adjusting for covariates, race was no longer a significant predictor of OS (P=0.096). Conclusions Treatment at a high volume, ARP can mitigate racial disparities in pancreatic cancer.
Combustion Characteristics of Solid Refuse Fuels from DifferentWaste Sources

In the production (as co-fuel or alone) of solid refuse fuel (SRF), knowledge about the characteristics of the raw materials is required for an ecofriendly and effective combustion process. SRFs are commonly produced by drying combustible waste and removing incombustible matter, resulting in a higher combustibility as compared to the original waste. However, the characteristics of SRFs may highly vary depending on where and from which materials they were produced. Thus, we investigated the characteristics of various SRFs using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As a TGA sample is commonly small, on the scale of milligrams, and, unlike homogeneous fuels, SRFs are heterogeneous, individual SRF samples analysed with this method may not represent the bulk material, and sample properties may vary significantly between batches. Therefore, we further performed combustion experiments using a small-scale combustor and sample sizes from 1 to 10 g. To optimise SRF combustor design and determine the SRF characteristics, proximate, elemental, heating value, TG, and differential thermogravimetric analyses were conducted, and weight losses and gas concentrations at different temperatures were measured upon combustion. The lower heating values of the three analysed SRFs were 20,976, 16,873, and 19,762 kJ/kg, and their Cl contents were 0.89, 0.95, and 1.27 wt. % (legal criterion [Cl] < 2.0 wt.%). TGA and small combustor experiments showed that complete weight loss was achieved below 500°C. However, CO was detected until 620°C.