Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Vocabulary Word Mapping as a Remediation Strategy in Improving Vocabulary Level among Grade 6 – Newton Students

In the framework of language development, the alignment of the curriculum to the learning domains funneled the essential contribution of vocabulary development in language learning for both Filipino and English in the Philippines. This study is a response to the intertwining problems regarding the vocabulary level of the learners and language learning, particularly in the Filipino subject. This quantitative study explored the effectiveness of utilizing the vocabulary word mapping strategy as a remediation strategy in improving learners’ vocabulary levels in the Filipino subject to thirty-eight (38) grade six students. The data revealed that the vocabulary word mapping strategy is effective based on the improvement of the learners’ scores from pretest to posttest. Furthermore, the study suggested that educational institutions should explore more vocabulary learning strategies that teachers may employ in their teaching that may lead to the opportunity for learners to strengthen their vocabulary skills in the Filipino language.
Ultra-Orthodox fertility and marriage in the United States: Evidence from the American Community Survey

BACKGROUND Amid low fertility rates in the industrialized world, some subpopulations have maintained high fertility rates. However, it has often been difficult to study these populations due to limitations in extant data sources. OBJECTIVE This paper will demonstrate a method of measuring key demographic indicators for Ultra-Orthodox Jews using demographic and language variables in the American Community Survey (ACS).
Derivation and Clinical Utility of Safety Targets for Linezolid-Related Adverse Events in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment

Long-term usage of linezolid can result in adverse events such as peripheral neuropathy, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Therapeutic drug monitoring data from 75 drug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated with linezolid were analyzed using a time-to-event (TTE) approach for peripheral neuropathy and anemia and indirect response modelling for thrombocytopenia. Different time-varying linezolid pharmacokinetic exposure indices (AUC0–24h,ss, Cav, Cmax and Cmin) and patient characteristics were investigated as risk factors. A treatment duration shorter than 3 months was considered dropout and was modelled using a TTE approach. An exposure–response relationship between linezolid Cmin and both peripheral neuropathy and anemia was found. The exposure index which best described the development of thrombocytopenia was AUC0–24h. The final TTE dropout model indicated an association between linezolid Cmin and dropout. New safety targets for each adverse event were proposed which can be used for individualized linezolid dosing. According to the model predictions at 6 months of treatment, a Cmin of 0.11 mg/L and 1.4 mg/L should not be exceeded to keep the cumulative probability to develop anemia and peripheral neuropathy below 20%. The AUC0–24h should be below 111 h·mg/L or 270 h·mg/L to prevent thrombocytopenia and severe thrombocytopenia, respectively. A clinical utility assessment showed that the currently recommended dose of 600 mg once daily is safer compared to a 300 mg BID dosing strategy considering all four safety endpoints.
Breaking Away From Hectic Daily Media Production: Unleashing Explorative Innovation Through Inter-Firm Collaborations

Beyond the widespread disruption narrative around media innovation, journalism scholarship has put forward valuable remedies to counteract a techno-deterministic perspective by embracing socio-constructivist and socio-technical approaches. Nevertheless, thus far, scholarly attention has primarily been directed towards the newsroom despite the journalism field having undergone significant structural transformations. In this article, we adopt an organisational perspective to journalism innovation and apply it to the emerging locus of inter-firm collaborations in journalism. In fact, while the newsroom has traditionally been considered the dominant location for implementing innovations, an increasing amount of media work currently occurs in decentralised settings. Our study draws upon 20 qualitative interviews with media practitioners and media managers who have been involved as project leaders in inter-firm collaborative projects. These projects have received institutional funding specifically aimed at fostering media innovation. We strive to understand how practitioners conceive of innovation in their overall activity, what obstacles they encounter in their usual routines, and how collaborative practices support them in their innovation trajectory. Our findings indicate that innovation is predominantly perceived as a demanding and complex ongoing practice characterised by adaptation to an evolving environment and hindered by a lack of resources and time. We also find that collaborations offer media practitioners a temporary framework for balancing their efforts to keep up with the demand for daily media production and their aspiration to carry out explorative activities. Lastly, our research reveals that these collaborations provide occasions for knowledge exchange and self-reflection that are frequently absent in non-collaborative settings.
Enhancing Taxonomic Categorization of DNA Sequences with Deep Learning: A Multi-Label Approach

The application of deep learning for taxonomic categorization of DNA sequences is investigated in this study. Two deep learning architectures, namely the Stacked Convolutional Autoencoder (SCAE) with Multilabel Extreme Learning Machine (MLELM) and the Variational Convolutional Autoencoder (VCAE) with MLELM, have been proposed. These designs provide precise feature maps for individual and inter-label interactions within DNA sequences, capturing their spatial and temporal properties. The collected features are subsequently fed into MLELM networks, which yield soft classification scores and hard labels. The proposed algorithms underwent thorough training and testing on unsupervised data, whereby one or more labels were concurrently taken into account. The introduction of the clade label resulted in improved accuracy for both models compared to the class or genus labels, probably owing to the occurrence of large clusters of similar nucleotides inside a DNA strand. In all circumstances, the VCAE-MLELM model consistently outperformed the SCAE-MLELM model. The best accuracy attained by the VCAE-MLELM model when the clade and family labels were combined was 94%. However, accuracy ratings for single-label categorization using either approach were less than 65%. The approach’s effectiveness is based on MLELM networks, which record connected patterns across classes for accurate label categorization. This study advances deep learning in biological taxonomy by emphasizing the significance of combining numerous labels for increased classification accuracy.
Is Your City Too Big? Causes of Urban Primacy in India

In this article, we examine the degree of urban primacy and understand what explains urban primacy in the Indian states. We estimated Zipf’s law for Indian states for 2001 and 2011. We then regressed the urban population in the largest city in each state as dependent on various factors. We find Kerala had the least primacy as of 2011, whereby its biggest city contained only 5% of its urban population. Based on the second-stage regression, we find that the state per capita income, population and length of railways have a significantly negative effect on primacy, while MSME employment increases it. We examine the highway network in selected states characterized by severe primacy and find a major problem with national transport priorities. The policy implications are for improving the national highway network and rail routes in the states to increase MSME employment and increase state income to reduce primacy.
The Relative Sensitivity of Estuaries and Coastal Inlets to Engineering Works

Engineering works in estuaries, such as dredging, reclamation and barrage construction, may significantly modify the tidal prism and result in changes of the geometric characteristics of the estuary. With respect to such works, this paper aims to assess whether or not the throat inlet areas of estuaries are likely to be subjected to greater percentage changes than waterway areas in the tidal reaches upstream of such inlets. The paper compares, on an absolute quantitative basis, analogous relationships for these two regions that are indicative of geometric stability. Trends that exist in the individual relationships are discussed together with those apparent in a relative comparison.
Classroom Management and Student Behavior After the Classroom Management and Student Behavior After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Five Elementary General COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from Five Elementary General Music Teachers Music Teachers

The purpose of this study was to examine elementary general music teachers’ experiences and perspectives with classroom management within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants consisted of five practicing elementary general music teachers in Southern California who participated in three individual interviews, one focus group, and two classroom observations during the fall of 2022. I analyzed data through axial coding (Creswell, 2012) yielding four themes: positive classroom management, social and emotional learning, support from classroom teachers and administrators, and challenges. The findings of this study highlighted participants’ positive perceptions of classroom management, the importance of building relationships, students’ social and emotional struggles, and unique challenges the participants faced in their role as elementary general music teachers
Asymbiotic Seed Germination and In Vitro Seedling Development of the Endangered Orchid Species Cypripedium guttatum

Cypripedium guttatum is a highly restricted terrestrial orchid that faces increasing endangerment owing to its habitat destruction and illegal collection. Compared to epiphytic orchids, terrestrial orchids such as C. guttatum have harder seed coats and more demanding in vitro germination conditions. This study aimed to develop an effective in vitro propagation system for C. guttatum to aid in its conservation. Seeds from mature capsules were subjected to various conditions, including sterilization using 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and different light conditions, culture media, hormones, and organic supplements, to assess germination and early seedling development in vitro. Sterilization with 1% NaOCl significantly improved the germination rate, especially under dark conditions. Germination initiation occurred at 2 and 3 months in orchid seed sowing medium (OSM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, respectively. The addition of 1 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced germination. However, the inclusion of organic supplements, such as apple and banana homogenates, in the culture medium led to substantial growth inhibition after 12 months. Notably, orchid maintenance medium (OMM) without organic additives proved to be the most suitable for seedling growth. The results of this study show that sterilization, appropriate light, and optimal NAA concentrations are beneficial for seed germination.
Phosphorus effects on growth and yield of groundnut varieties in the tropical savannas of northeast Nigeria.

Groundnut production in northeast Nigeria is constrained by low level of soil phosphorus. This study evaluated four groundnut varieties for their response to P fertilization in two Nigerian agro-ecological zones (Sudan and Northern Guinea savanna) during 2005 and 2006. The experimental design was split plot with 0, 20, and 40 kg P ha–1 in the main plots and groundnut varieties (‘Samnut 22’, ‘local Wadabura’, ‘Samnut 21’, and ‘Samnut 23’) in the subplots. Pod yield increased linearly with increasing P rates in both years. Mean pod yield was higher by 49.3% at 20 kg and by 57.8% at 40 kg P ha–1 compared with unfertilized plots. ‘Samnut 23’ gave more grain yield than other varieties at both locations in 2005 and in Damboa during 2006. It is also an early maturing variety, and can thus be recommended to the farmers in Sudan savanna, which experiences short rainy seasons. However, for farmers interested in fodder production for livestock in addition to grain, the local variety, ‘Samnut 21’, and ‘Samnut 22’ are more appropriate.
“Against Myself”: Ego Documents in the Archives of the State Security

e present study is concerned with the issue of ego documents that were created in the second half of the 1940s and at the turn of the 1950s at the request of the Commission of Interior of the Slovak National Council 1 in Bratislava, Slovakia. e documents are of a strong ideological character. eir authors, who were of Jewish origins, were employees of the State Security Service, who were active in the communist partisan resistance movements during the World War II. Aer it ended, with the support of the Communist Party they joined the State Security Service, the repressive body of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ). eir mission was to promote the interests of the Communist Party in the security forces. In the early 1950s along with other members of the State Security Service, they were convicted in a fabricated political trial. is study analyses how the authors of the biographies consciously worked with the contemporary ideological discourse and constructed a self-image that corresponded to contemporary demands. It answers the questions of why and how they sought to distance themselves from their origins, as well as their family and religious background. This paper also responds to long-standing debates among scholars regarding the diversity of ego documents, their use and interpretation in the historical and social sciences. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the specificity of working with documents produced under totalitarian conditions, which primarily testify to the era
Estimating ice discharge of the Antarctic Peninsula using different ice-thickness datasets

The Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) has become a significant contributor to sea-level rise over recent decades. Accurately estimating the ice discharge from the outlet glaciers of the APIS is crucial to quantify the mass balance of the Antarctic Peninsula. We here compute the ice discharge from the outlet glaciers of the APIS north of 70 ${^\circ }$ S for the five most widely used ice-thickness reconstructions, using a common surface velocity field and a common set of flux gates, so the differences in ice discharge can be solely attributed to the differences in ice thickness at the flux gates. The total volumetric ice discharge for 2015–2017 ranges within 45–141 km3 a−1, depending on the ice-thickness model, with a mean of 87 ± 44 km3 a−1. The substantial differences between the ice-discharge results, and a multi-model normalized root-mean-squared deviation of 0.91 for the whole data set, reveal large differences and inconsistencies between the ice-thickness models, giving an indication of the large uncertainty in the current ice-discharge estimates for the APIS. This manifests a fundamental problem of the region: the scarcity of appropriate ice-thickness measurements and the difficulty of the current models to reconstruct the ice-thickness distribution in this complex region.
Effects of Soil Water Content on Oxadiazon Dissipation

In a Crowley silt loam, between 30 kPa, continuous flood, and alternate flood laboratory treatments at 25 C, dissipation of incorporated oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] varied little, with an average of 59% remaining after 20 weeks. In the greenhouse, subsurface application of oxadiazon reduced its phytotoxicity but increased its persistence up to four times more than with surface-applied oxadiazon. In the field, 50% of the surface-applied oxadiazon dissipated from the soil within 6 to 11 days when the soil was flush irrigated and then flooded, compared to 15 to 17 days when the soil was irrigated but not flooded in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) management systems. Oxadiazon dissipation in the field was greater during the first 2 or 3 weeks after application than in the laboratory study. This is explained at least partially by the lack of herbicide incorporation in the field.
Cardioprotective effects of Moku-boi-to and its impact on AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy

Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, induced by elevated levels of angiotensin II (AngII), plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. Current therapeutic approaches aim to regress cardiac hypertrophy but have limited efficacy. Widely used Japanese Kampo medicines are highly safe and potential therapeutic agents. This study aims to explore the impact and mechanisms by which Moku-boi-to (MBT), a Japanese Kampo medicine, exerts its potential cardioprotective benefits against AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, bridging the knowledge gap and contributing to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. By evaluating the effects of six Japanese Kampo medicines with known cardiovascular efficiency on AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death, we identified MBT as a promising candidate. MBT exhibited preventive effects against AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cell death and demonstrated improvements in intracellular Ca2+ signaling regulation, ROS production, and mitochondrial function. Unexpectedly, experiments combining MBT with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan suggested that MBT may target the AT1 receptor. In an isoproterenol-induced heart failure mouse model, MBT treatment demonstrated significant effects on cardiac function and hypertrophy. These findings highlight the cardioprotective potential of MBT through AT1 receptor-mediated mechanisms, offering valuable insights into its efficacy in alleviating AngII-induced dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. The study suggests that MBT holds promise as a safe and effective prophylactic agent for cardiac hypertrophy, providing a deeper understanding of its mechanisms for cardioprotection against AngII-induced dysfunction.
Exploring challenges and strategies in teaching hypothesis testing to engineering students from the perspective of educators

The study of hypothesis tests is essential in the training of engineers and although in recent years students’ knowledge has been investigated, it is necessary to develop studies from the perspective of professors who teach this topic in engineering. For this reason, in this paper we present, from the teachers’ perspective, the difficulties and errors exhibited by engineering students, the teaching methodologies and the resources available in relation to hypothesis testing. For this, a conceptual framework with ideas on statistical reasoning for inference was used. In this qualitative research, 19 teachers participated, to whom two questionnaire-type instruments were applied. Among the main results we have that, students have great difficulties with the approach of statistical hypotheses and the study of parameters in two populations, even when teachers attribute a high degree of importance to hypothesis tests in the subject of statistics for engineers.
In-Situ U-Pb Dating and Hf Isotopic Analyses of Zircons from Volcanic Rocks of the Houcheng and Zhangjiakou Formations in the Zhang-Xuan Area, Northeast China

Large-scale volcanic rocks of the Houcheng and Zhangjiakou formations are developed in the Zhangjiakou-Xuanhua (Zhang-Xuan) area. Zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating gives the eruption age of dacite in the Houcheng Formation as (130±1) Ma, indicating that the Houcheng Formation formed during the Early Cretaceous, not during the Late Jurassic as previously thought. Volcanic rocks of the Zhangjiakou Formation have a zircon LA-ICPMS U-Pb age of (126±1)Ma, i. e. , Early Cretaceous. In-situ zircon Hf analyses show that zircons from the Houcheng Formation dacite have eHf (t) values of -18. 8 to - 25. 5 and Hf crustal model ages of 2. 78 to 2. 37 Ga with an average of 2. 54 Ga. Their model ages are similar to those of basement rocks in the northern North China craton, representing an important stage of crustal growth in the North China craton. Thus, we suggest that the dacite was mainly derived from the partial melting of Late Archean crustal materials. Whereas, zircons from the rhyolite of the Zhangjiakou Formation have eHf(t) values of -15. 1 to -18. 5 and younger Hf crustal model ages of 2. 34 to 2. 13 Ga, indicating that the rhyolite was derived from Late Archean crustal materials, but with the involvement of mantle materials. The age and Hf isotopic data suggest that the large-scale volcanic rocks in the Zhang-Xuan area were the result of crust-mantle interaction during the Early Cretaceous lithospheric thinning in the eastern North China cratoa
Market structure and net determinants of turmeric marketing in Onitsha agricultural zone, Anambra state, Nigeria

A study was conducted to analyze the market structure and determinants of turmeric marketing in the Onitsha agricultural zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. The research aimed to understand the socioeconomic characteristics, market structure, factors influencing net marketing income, and constraints in turmeric marketing. The sample consisted of 160 intermediaries, including 80 wholesalers and 80 retailers, selected using multistage and random sampling methods. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient, multiple regression, and relative index techniques. The findings revealed a male dominance in the turmeric market, particularly among wholesalers, where 60.00% of marketers were men. This indicates gender sensitivity within the market at various levels. The market structure analysis showed Gini coefficients of 0.6866 and 0.7495 for wholesalers and retailers, respectively. These coefficients suggest a high level of income inequality in terms of sales margin and a concentration of sales among a small group of marketers, indicating the presence of imperfect competition in the market. Among the eleven independent variables included in the analysis, age, education, source of finance, and engagement in other business activities significantly influenced the net marketing income of wholesalers. At the retail level, household size, gender, engagement in other business activities, marketing experience, and product price were identified as factors influencing net marketing income. The constraints analysis revealed that online marketing, transportation costs, taxes, and local government charges were perceived as the main constraints at the wholesale level. On the retail level, the constraints were online marketing, irregular market days, and insufficient start-up capital. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government and relevant agencies reduce taxes and charges imposed on marketers to alleviate their burden. Additionally, addressing the poor condition of roads is necessary for proper marketing in the region.