Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Diffusion Volume Based on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as a Prognostic Factor in Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer

Whole‐body diffusion‐weighted MRI (WB‐DWI) is useful for assessing disease activity in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MET‐RADS‐P is a subjective assessment‐based reporting system proposed to standardize the interpretation of WB‐DWI. However, a quantitative evaluation of WB‐DWI has not been fully investigated.
Equations to Prescribe Bicycle Saddle Height based on Desired Joint Kinematics and Bicycle Geometry

ABSTRACT Overuse knee injuries are common in bicycling and are often attributed to poor bicycle-fit. Bicycle-fit for knee health focuses on setting saddle height to elicit a minimum knee flexion angle of 25-40°. Equations to predict saddle height include a single input, resulting in a likely suboptimal bicycle-fit. The purpose of this work was to develop an equation to predict saddle height from anthropometrics, bicycle geometry, and user-defined joint kinematics. Methods: Forty healthy adults (17 women, 23 men; mean (SD): 28.6 (7.2) years; 24.2 (2.6) kg/m2) participated. Kinematic analyses were conducted for 18 three-minute bicycling bouts including all combinations of 3 horizontal and 3 vertical saddle positions, and 2 crank arm lengths. For both minimum and maximum knee flexion, predictors were identified using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and final models were fit using linear regression. Secondary analyses determined if saddle height equations were sex dependent. Results: The equation to predict saddle position from minimum knee flexion angle (R2=0.97; root mean squared error (RMSE) = 1.15 cm) was: Saddle height (cm) = 7.41 + 0.82(inseam cm) – 0.1(minimum knee flexion °) + 0.003(inseam cm)(seat tube angle °). The maximum knee flexion equation (R2=0.97; RMSE=1.15 cm) was: Saddle height (cm) = 41.63 + 0.78(inseam cm) – 0.25(maximum knee flexion °) + 0.002(inseam cm)(seat tube angle °). The saddle height equations were not dependent on sex. Conclusions: These equations provide a novel, practical strategy for bicycle-fit that accounts for rider anthropometrics, bicycle geometry and user-defined kinematics. Highlights This work developed simple equations to prescribed bicycle saddle height that elicits desired knee kinematics. Separate equations are presented for prescribing minimum or maximum knee flexion angle. Equations can be generalized to riders of both sexes, and a breadth of anthropometrics and ages.
Norms Message Features in an Alcohol Consumption Context: Testing the Roles of Functional Matching and Numeracy

ABSTRACT The current study tested a theoretical account of how and when norms message features influence attitudes and intentions. Specifically, we examined whether functional matching and numeracy help to explain variation in persuasive outcomes following exposure to norms messaging. We executed two experiments to test our functional matching and numeracy assumptions in the context of alcohol consumption. Across both studies, our functional matching assumption was not supported. In Study 2, numeracy moderated the impact of descriptive norms message content on intentions to engage in heavy drinking, such that message exposure was associated with reduced drinking intentions among participants with greater levels of numeracy. In sum, the findings provided some evidence that the functional attitude approach lacked theoretical utility and that numeracy dictated the effect of norms message exposure on intentions.
Preparation of Nano-NiO Particles and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity in Pyrolyzing Biomass Components†

This study focuses on the preparation of nano-NiO particles and their applications as catalysts in biomass pyrolysis. First, nano-NiO particles were prepared via precursors, which were obtained by homogeneous precipitation involving an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate and urea. Different approaches such as TGA, FTIR, XRD, BET, and TEM were used to characterize the precursors and nano-NiO particles. The formula of the precursor was identified as NiCO3·2Ni(OH)2·nH2O, and it could completely translate into NiO nanoparticles below 360 °C under an air atmosphere. The prepared nano-NiO particles were found to be spherical in shape and well dispersed with weak agglomeration. They had generally a high purity and fine crystal phase of cubic syngony with a mean size of ∼7.5 nm and specific surface area of 188.0 m2/g. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of nano-NiO particles in pyrolyzing three biomass components (cellulose, xylan, and lignin) was preliminarily investigated using a thermogravimetric an.
Daily Variation in Particle-Phase Source Tracers in an Urban Atmosphere

One full year of daily 24-hour fine particulate matter samples collected in East St. Louis, IL at the EPA funded St. Louis-Midwest Supersite were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and non-polar organic tracers including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH(s)), hopanes, and alkanes. Two different analytical methods were used for analysis, solvent extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) and thermal desorption GCMS (TD-GCMS). The TD-GCMS method was equivalent to the solvent extraction GCMS method for key molecular markers. Select PAH(s) and alkanes were found to have extreme events within the annual study which had daily 24-hour concentrations that were 10 to 22 times higher than the annual average daily concentration. The OC and EC maxima were only 3 to 5 times higher than the annual average. To further assess the impact of point sources and to evaluate the compatibility of the two organic speciation methods, the six potential every sixth day annual averages were calculated and compared. The extreme concentration days were large enough, in the case of benzo[a]pyrene, to make every sixth day analysis not representative of the true annual average even with events greater than the 99th percentile of the annual distribution removed. The final analysis calculated day of the week averages for select representative organic tracers and revealed that gasoline motor vehicle tracers and OC do not have a distinct day of the week trend. EC, believed to be largely impacted by diesel exhaust, had a midweek concentration peak. These trends cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other urban areas or other events.
Chemical composition of essential oils of two cultivated Eucalyptus species from the central Iran

The chemical composition of essential oils of leaves of two cultivated species,Eucalyptus loxophleba Benth. and Eucalyptus leocoxylon F. Muell. in the central of Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. A total of thirty nine compounds representing 98.0% of total oil have been identified in the oil of E. loxophleba. 1,8-cineole (39.4%), methyl amyl acetate (19.8%), aromadendrene (10.0%), viridiflorol (6.0%) andα-pinene (5.4%) were the major constituents in the volatile oil of E. loxophleba oil. Forty three components were identified in the E. leocoxylon oil where 1,8-cineole (59.1%), cryptone (15.1%), α-pinene (9.9%), α-terpineol (5.1%) and globulol (5.0%) are considered as the main components. The amount of 1,8-cineole as the main component was higher in the oil of E. leocoxylon. Key words: Eucalyptus loxophleba, Eucalyptus leocoxylon, Myrtaceae, essential oil, 1,8-cineole
Self-care, symptom experience, needs, and past health-care utilization in individuals with heart failure: results of a cross-sectional study.

AIMS Self-care in heart failure (HF) is generally sub-optimal and impacts morbidity and mortality. To describe self-care prevalence and explore its relationships with symptom experience, patient needs, and health-care utilization in a Swiss hospital providing regional secondary care. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional study, convenience sample of individuals with HF from four campuses of one regional Swiss hospital. Self-care was assessed via the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) and the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS), symptom experience via the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-HF (MDASI-HF) and needs via the Heart Failure Needs Assessment Questionnaire (HFNAQ). Healthcare utilization reflected the preceding year's hospitalization incidence. A cut-off level of ≥70% indicated adequate self-care. We analysed SCHFI, EHFScBS, MDASI-HF and HFNAQ scores' relationships with hospitalizations using Spearman's rho correlation; no prior hypotheses were stated. Sample of 310 individuals with HF (37.4% female; mean age 76.8; 55% NYHA III). Adequate self-care maintenance, management, and confidence were reported by 24%, 10%, and 61%. respectively. The sample's mean number of experienced symptoms was 12.8 (SD 4.0) and 14.0 (SD 5.8) for needs. Over the previous year, 269 hospitalizations had occurred (median: 0, IQR 1). Hospitalizations positively correlated with self-care; symptom experience with needs. Neither symptom experience nor needs correlated with hospitalizations. CONCLUSION The findings indicated low self-care levels and suggest a need for increased support to maintain physiological stability, manage symptoms and prevent hospitalizations. This study is the first of its kind in Switzerland and among few studies worldwide to report on self-care, symptom experience, needs, and health-care utilization. Interventional studies are warranted considering baseline self-care capabilities, symptoms, and needs of individuals with HF.
Nanostructured lipid carrier co-delivering paclitaxel and doxorubicin restrains the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of glioma stem cells via regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling

The development of safe and efficient nanocomposites remains a huge challenge in targeted therapy of glioma. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), which facilitate specific site drug delivery, have been widely used in glioma treatment. Herein, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic impact of paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded NLC (PTX-DOX-NLC) on glioma stem cells (GSCs). To this end, we used a melt-emulsification technique to generate PTX loaded NLC (PTX-NLC), DOX loaded NLC (DOX-NLC), and NLC loaded with both drugs (PTX-DOX-NLC). We firstly confirmed the stability of PTX-DOX-NLC and their ability to gradually release PTX and DOX. Next, we evaluated the effects of PTX-DOX-NLC on apoptosis and proliferation of GSCs by flow cytometry and CellTiter-Glo assay. Besides, the expression of relevant mRNA and proteins was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Mechanism of action of PTX-DOX-NLC was determined though bioinformatic analysis based on RNA-seq data performed in GSCs derived from different NLC-treated groups. In addition, a mouse xenograft model of glioma was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of PTX-DOX-NLC in vivo. Results indicated thar PTX-DOX-NLC showed greater inhibitory effects on proliferation and promotive effects on apoptosis of GSCs compared with PTX-NLC, DOX-NLC, free PTX, and free DOX treatment. Mechanistic investigations evidenced that PTX-DOX-NLC inhibited tumor progression by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, PTX-DOX-NLC played an inhibitory role in GSC growth, highlighting a potential therapeutic option against glioma.
Dose-response effects of physical activity on all-cause mortality and major cardiorenal outcomes in chronic kidney disease.

AIMS Physical activity has a protective effect against mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Nonetheless, how different levels of physical activity affect the health benefits in CKD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dose-response effects of physical activity on mortality and major cardiorenal events in CKD. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated a longitudinal cohort of 4508 Taiwanese CKD patients between 2004 and 2017. Physical activity was assessed by the NHANES questionnaire and quantified in metabolic equivalent-hours per week (MET-hour/week). Patients were categorized into highly active (≥7.5 MET-h/week), low-active (0.1 to <7.5 MET-h/week), or inactive (0 MET-h/week) groups. Cox regression and restricted cubic spline models were utilized to explore the association between physical activity and the risks of study outcomes, including all-cause mortality, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and hospitalized heart failure). During a median follow-up of 686 days, 739 death, 1059 ESRD, and 521 MACE events occurred. Highly active group had the lowest chance of all study outcomes, followed by low-active and inactive groups (P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression showed that only highly active group was independently associated with lower risks for all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.74], ESRD (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.96), and MACE (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.51-0.76) compared to the inactive group. The risks of MACE did not further decrease once physical activity surpassed 15 MET-h/week, indicating a U-shaped association. The results were consistent in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Physical activity of 7.5 to <15 MET-h/week is associated with lower risks of adverse cardiorenal outcomes and should be integrated into the care of CKD.
Copper Availability Influences the Transcriptomic Response of Candida albicans to Fluconazole Stress

Abstract The ability of pathogens to maintain homeostatic levels of essential biometals is known to be important for survival and virulence in a host, which itself regulates metal availability as part of its response to infection. Given this importance of metal homeostasis, we sought to address how the availability of copper in particular impacts the response of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans to treatment with the antifungal drug fluconazole. The present study reports whole transcriptome analysis via time-course RNA-seq of C. albicans cells exposed to fluconazole with and without 10 µM supplemental CuSO4 added to the growth medium. The results show widespread impacts of small changes in Cu availability on the transcriptional response of C. albicans to fluconazole. Of the 2359 genes that were differentially expressed under conditions of cotreatment, 50% were found to be driven uniquely by exposure to both Cu and fluconazole. The breadth of metabolic processes that were affected by cotreatment illuminates a fundamental intersectionality between Cu metabolism and fungal response to drug stress. More generally, these results show that seemingly minor fluctuations in Cu availability are sufficient to shift cells’ transcriptional response to drug stress. Ultimately, the findings may inform the development of new strategies that capitalize on drug-induced vulnerabilities in metal homeostasis pathways.
Portuguese validation of the Adult Separation Anxiety—Questionnaire (ASA-27)

Adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) is characterized by developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached. Despite the high rates of this diagnosis among Portuguese adults, there is a lack of measures to assess it. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of a Portuguese adaptation of the Adult Separation Anxiety questionnaire (ASA-27) on a sample of 267 adults (72.7% women) aged 18–80 years (M = 40.5, SD = 13.1). Factor structure, internal consistency, and convergence validity were examined. This study confirmed the single-factor structure of the Portuguese version of ASA-27. Consistency was high for the total sample (ω = .92) and by gender (ω = .93 and 92, men and women groups, respectively). The scale was positively related to the Portuguese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (r = .57, p< .001, for both State and trait anxiety scales) and Composite Codependency Scale total score (r = .29, p< .001). In addition, the ASA-27 total score showed incremental validity in the explanation of anxiety measured by STAI. In conclusion, results show that the Portuguese version of the ASA-27 is a reliable and valid measure of ASAD.
Zinc and Lead Concentrations in the Pubic Hair of Women Living in Areas with Different Contamination Degrees

Our paper contains analytical results of zinc and lead concentrations in the pubic hair of women living in areas with different contamination degrees. Women living in the area of Knurow, Silesia (a high degree of industrialization) and female residents of the area of Łancut (Subcarpathian region), where the level of urbanization is much smaller, constituted the respondent group. Overall, the hair of 159 women aged 22 up to 75 was tested. Washed hair was mineralized by a microwave method with HNO3. Metal concentrations were determined using the AAS technique and SpectrAA 880 as well as Spectra 880Z spectrophotometers by the Varian Company. It has been found that the average lead concentration in the pubic hair of the women from the Subcarpathian region was significantly higher than the concentration of this element in the group of women from Silesia, which was probably related to the influence of low emissions in the area. Zinc concentrations in the pubic hair of the women in both treatment groups did not differ. The concentration of lead in the pubic hair of the women from the Subcarpathian region increased with age.
LC-MS/MS characterization of forced degradation products of ambrisentan: development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method

The current study reports the characterization of degradation products of ambrisentan by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and development and validation of a stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of ambrisentan in the presence of its process related impurities in bulk drugs. The drug was subjected to various stress conditions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, photo- and thermal degradations to investigate the stability-indicating ability of the method. Significant degradation was observed during acidic and oxidative stresses. Ambrisentan was well resolved from its process related impurities and degradation products formed under stress conditions. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent XDB C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of 10 mM NH4OAc (pH = 5.2) and CH3CN in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. The eluents were monitored by a photodiode array detector at 215 nm and quantitation limits were obtained in the range of 0.07–0.25 μg ml−1 for ambrisentan and all its process related impurities. The developed liquid chromatographic method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness and limits of detection and quantitation. The degradation products were characterized by comparing their collision induced dissociation mass spectral data with that of ambrisentan and the most possible degradation and fragmentation pathways were proposed.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using animal blood, their preventive efficiency of bacterial species, and ecotoxicity in common carp fish

Possible high biodeterioration of the microorganisms due to their metabolic pathway and activities on stone materials causes solemn problems in cultural heritage. Different kinds of laboratory‐scale methods have been used for the reduction of microbial growth, that is, chemical, mechanical, and physical, which are cost‐effective and not ecofriendly. In the current study, an ecofriendly approach utilizing silver nanoparticles were synthesized using sheep blood serum. Transmission electron microscopy results have confirmed the spherical and well dispersed silver nanoparticles with an average size of 32.49 nm, while energy dispersive X‐ray has shown the abundance of silver nanoparticles. The efficiency against bacterial species was verified through laboratory‐scale testing. The strong antibacterial activity was confirmed when B‐AgNPs was tested against different bacterial species isolated from the Beishiku Cave Temple. The largest zone of inhibition was measured 26.48 ± 0.14 mm against Sphingomonas sp. while the smallest zone of inhibition measured was 9.70 ± 0.27 mm against Massilia sp. Moreover, these ecofriendly B‐AgNPs were tested for daily based dose in different concentrations (0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/L) against common carp fish for a long exposure (20 days) and 6.5% fatality was found. The highest lethal concentration (LC50) for fish (0.61 ± 0.09 mg/L). No doubt, the laboratory scale applications have revealed the best results with minute toxicity in fish. Therefore, sheep serum should be continued to synthesize silver nanoparticles on a large scale. A strict monitoring system should be developed for the synthesis and application of AgNPs.
Novel Methodology for Measuring Regional Myocardial Efficiency

Our approach differs from the usual global measure of cardiac efficiency by using PET/MRI to measure efficiency of small pieces of cardiac tissue whose limiting size is equal to the spatial resolution of the PET scanner. We initiated a dynamic cardiac PET study immediately prior to the injection of 15.1 mCi of <sup>11</sup>C-acetate acquiring data for 25 minutes while simultaneously acquiring MRI cine data. 1) A 3D finite element (FE) biomechanical model of the imaged heart was constructed by utilizing nonrigid deformable image registration to alter the Dassault Systèmes FE Living Heart Model (LHM) to fit the geometry in the cardiac MRI cine data. The patient specific FE cardiac model with estimates of stress, strain, and work was transformed into PET/MRI format. 2) A 1-tissue compartment model was used to calculate wash-in (K<sub>1</sub>) and the linear portion of the decay in the PET <sup>11</sup>C-acetate time activity curve (TAC) was used to calculate the wash-out k<sub>2</sub>(mono) rate constant. K<sub>1</sub> was used to calculate blood flow and k<sub>2</sub>(mono) was used to calculate myocardial volume oxygen consumption (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {MV}{O}_{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). 3) Estimates of stress and strain were used to calculate Myocardial Equivalent Minute Work (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {MEMW}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and Cardiac Efficiency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$= \textit {MEMW}{/}\textit {MV}{O}_{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was then calculated for 17 tissue segments of the left ventricle. The global MBF was 0.96 ± 0.15 ml/min/gm and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {MV}{O}_{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ranged from 8 to 17 ml/100gm/min. Six central slices of the MRI cine data provided a range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit {MEMW}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.1 to 0.4 joules/gm/min and a range of Cardiac Efficiency of 6 to 18%.