Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ powder neutron diffraction of cation partitioning vs. pressure in Mg (sub 0.94) Al (sub 2.04) O 4 synthetic spinel

Powder neutron diffraction [ISIS Facility (U.K.), POLARIS diffractometer] was used to investigate the effect of elevated pressure on cation partitioning in synthetic Mg (sub 0.94) Al (sub 2.04) O 4 spinel. The distributions of Mg, Al, and vacancies were studied as a function of pressure, by refinement of the T-and M-site scattering lengths, and determination of the cation partitioning through numerical minimization methods. The partially disordered Mg/Al distribution, which results from the synthesis process, show an increase in ordering between 6 and 18 kbar, where Mg and Al order to the T- and M-sites, respectively. Pressure effectively tends to stabilize MgAl-spinels with a "normal structure," and this behavior is supported by numerical simulations based on classical electrostatic calculations.
‘Please wear mask!’ Covid-19 in the translation landscape of Thessaloniki: a cross-disciplinary approach to the English translations of Greek public notices

ABSTRACT This paper examines the English translations of Greek Covid-19 notices in the city of Thessaloniki which either inform the public about the precautions necessary to avoid infection with Covid-19, how the pandemic has affected the running of a particular service or business or how a business can help with the pandemic. Ιt combines methods from linguistic landscape research, sociolinguistics, and the sociology of translation, in order to examine how business people and employees have translated notices from Greek into English with the aim of communicating information with non Greek-speaking visitors to the city in relation to the pandemic. The qualitative data that will be presented here include translated notices from local businesses and state-run services. The data and analysis show that these particular translations are typically carried out by non-professional translators with varying degrees of competence in English, who rely on their existing linguistic resources to achieve their communicative goals.
Soybeans Yoghurt Production Using Starter Culture From 'Nono'

Yoghurt was prepared from soy-milk equivalent. Soybeans used for milk production were selected, dehulled, blended then mixed with water in ratio l :6 respectively and filtered with a muslim cloth to obtain milk. On kilogram (lkg) of soybeans used produced soy-milk equivalent of six litres (6L) in moderate dilution. Two genera of bacteria Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were isolated from 'nono' (naturally fermented cow-milk) using the pour plate technique. The soy-milk equivalent obtained was fermented to yoghurt at 40°C for 14.5 hours using Lactobacillus and S1replococrus bacteria as a sta rter culture in a combination ratio of 1 :2. The isolate gave a fine yoghurt like product with a characteristic acid flavour, cream odour and muustard- like consistency with a pH 4.36. Keywords : Soy-beans, Yoghurt and Starter culture.
The Relative Humidity Range for the Development of Irreversible Shrinkage in Hardened Cement Paste

For better understanding of irreversible shrinkage, nine hardened cement paste (hcp) samples with three different cement types and three different water to cement ratio were prepared. Four different relative humidity conditioning histories containing the first desorption, re-humidification and the second desorption are investigated for all the specimens to obtain the length change and water sorption isotherms. The irreversible shrinkage strain was developed when the specimen was dried up to less than 80% relative humidity (RH), while other previous experiments in literatures showed that the shrinkage strain between 40% RH and 11% RH is reversible. It is concluded that the irreversible shrinkage strain is developed between 80% RH and 40% RH, which is also supported by the change in water vapor BET surface area of hardened cement paste after long-term drying.
Multispacecraft Current Density Estimates in the Low‐ and Mid‐Latitude F‐Region Ionosphere Using the Swarm Constellation

We present a new application of a multispacecraft method which provides estimates of the full electric current density vector in the ionospheric low‐ and mid‐latitude F region. The method uses the three satellites of the Swarm constellation in configurations when they were close to each other. The current density is calculated inside triangular prisms defined by the satellite positions. The technique is inspired by similar approaches such as the curlometer. Here, we propose an alternative mathematical treatment, which involves the use of the well‐known curl‐B technique and a least squares minimization. The proposed formalism provides a rigorous way to propagate the errors through the problem and special care is taken to validate the algorithm and assess the relevance of the derived currents. Such techniques are powerful tools to study the F‐region ionosphere currents as they naturally exclude all the other contributions outside the considered volumes. The F region is known to host currents with a complex spatiotemporal variability. Besides the intrinsic interest of this system itself, understanding the dynamics of these currents is also critical for global geomagnetic field modeling as they are an important source of error in the models. In this paper, we present the full algorithm and test the method on both synthetic and real Swarm satellite data on February 15, 2014. Several sources of error are investigated. Additionally, the results reveal expected characteristics of F‐region interhemispheric field‐aligned currents. Some new characteristics of F‐region currents, potentially associated with dynamo and pressure currents, are also observed.
Fungal interactions induce changes in hyphal morphology and enzyme production

ABSTRACT In nature, species interacts/competes with one other within their surrounding for food and space and the type of interactions are unique to each species. The interacting partners secrete different metabolites, which may have high importance in human welfare. Fungal–fungal interactions are complex mechanisms that need better understanding. Here, 14 fungal isolates were facilitated in 105 possible combinations to interact on potato dextrose agar. Morphologically, no changes were observed when the same fungal isolates were allowed to interact within them. However, 10 interactions between different fungal isolates showed mutual replacement with each fungus; capturing territory from the other. Contrastingly, 35 interactions resulted into complete replacement as one of the fungi was inhibited by rapid growth of the other fungus. In 46 interactions, formation of barrage was observed leading to deadlock type of interaction wherein both fungi have restricted growth. To study in details about the barrage formation, two fungal interactions were taken (i) T. coccinea vs. L. lactinea and (ii) T. coccinea vs. T. versicolor. Microscopic changes in the hyphal growth during interaction were observed. There was significant increase in the enzymatic activities including cellulase, xylanase and chitinase during in-vitro fungal–fungal interaction, suggesting the importance of such interactions for commercial enzyme production.
Ethephon‐induced leaf senescence increases the concentration of yeast‐assimilable nitrogen in grape must (
 
 Vitis vinifera
 
 cv. Riesling)

Background and Aims: Leaf senescence induces a massive shift of the nitrogen (N) allocation within plants, but its influence on the storage of yeast-assimilable N (YAN) in grapevine berries is unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the YAN concentration in grape must can be increased by a targeted induction of leaf senescence. Methods and Results: Leaf senescence was induced in two consecutive seasons by an ethephon treatment of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling) before harvest, and its effect on the amino acid and ammonium balance of berries and must, as well as on alcoholic fermentation performance was investigated. The ethephon-induced senescence caused a significant increase in YAN concentration in berries and must, based on a general increase in most amino acids. Compared to natural senescence, the ethephon treatment led to a lower proline : arginine ratio, a lower sugar concentration in the must and a lower grape yield. Conclusions: Ethephon-induced leaf senescence enhances the nutritional value of grapes and improves the fermentability of grape must. Significance of the Study: Our results enable wine producers to improve the nitrogen use efficiency of vines and to ensure a balanced N nutrition of the yeast.
“These aren’t the jobs we want”: youth unemployment and anti-work politics in Khayelitsha, Cape Town

ABSTRACT Research on youth unemployment in South Africa has largely been dominated by quantitative accounts that highlight skills’ mismatches, educational levels and industrial transformations. Missing from these is a sense of how youth navigate labour markets and why they might choose to abandon the job search. Based on qualitative interviews with youth from an urban township, this article examines the obstacles they face searching for stable employment and their experiences of the labour market itself. It calls attention to two significant, and largely unexplored, issues affecting young people’s relationship to labour markets. First is the role of place-based identities and the stigmatisation associated with representations of place. Second is how low-wage, insecure work acts as a disincentive for remaining in the labour market. For many young people, wage work is rarely experienced as dignified or fulfiling, nor does it provide the resources required for transitions to adulthood. Building on Kathi Weeks’s concept of “anti-work politics,” it proposes improvements to the quality of existing work and the need to expand social protections to young people. It contributes to a broader geographical literature on labour market segmentation, by highlighting how cultural representations of place affect young people’s employment prospects and work identities.
Understanding the Unique Effects of Identity in Adjustment Among Veterans

Abstract Reintegration to civilian life among service members can be understood through the lens of a transformation in an individual’s identity structure. However, limited research has examined the unique impact of military, U.S., and personal identity on mental health and substance use among veterans. The goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between personal, military and U.S. identity dimensions (i.e., commitment, affirmation, and centrality) on substance use and mental health symptoms (i.e., posttraumatic stress, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and depression) in a sample of U.S. military veterans. Within our sample of military veterans (n = 195), a plurality were female (53.3%), White (73.3%), and veterans of the Navy (45.1%) who reported a mean age of 35.12 years (SD = 9.60). Results indicated personal identity commitment, and U.S. affirmation were associated with lower levels of substance use and symptoms of PTSD, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and depression. Military identity centrality was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Taken together, our findings provide preliminary cross-sectional support for the role that personal, military and U.S. identity play in mental health. Future longitudinal research is necessary to establish the directional relationship between identity (across various domains) and mental health and substance abuse across the transition to civilian life.
Community detection in complex networks: From statistical foundations to data science applications

Identifying and tracking community structures in complex networks are one of the cornerstones of network studies, spanning multiple disciplines, from statistics to machine learning to social sciences, and involving even a broader range of application areas, from biology to politics to blockchain. This survey paper aims to provide an overview of some most popular approaches in statistical network community detection as well as the newly emerging research directions such as community extraction with higher‐order features and community discovery in multilayer and multiscale networks. Our goal is to offer a unified view at methodological interconnections and the wide spectrum of interdisciplinary data science applications of network community analysis.
Factors Influencing Bank Profitability in a Developing Economy: Panel Evidence From Bangladesh

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between bank-specific characteristics and profitability of commercial banks operating in Bangladesh to find the role of both internal and external factors in achieving high profitability. The Fixed Effect Model is built on a balanced panel data set comprising 135 observations of 27 commercial banks over the period 2014-2018. Regression findings reveal that size and capital ratio are significant bank-specific determinants of bank profitability in Bangladesh where the effect of loans ratio is statistically insignificant. Findings also suggest that banks with higher deposits tend to be more profitable and small banks have efficient management. The cost to income ratio and loan loss provisions are statistically insignificant on the performance of banks. On the other hand, macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth have a significant impact on profitability whereas the effects of inflation on profitability are statistically insignificant in some cases.
The CURAT Sonification Game: Gamification for Remote Sonification Evaluation

As sonification is supposed to communicate information to users, experimental evaluation of the subjective appropriateness and effectiveness of the sonification design is often desired and sometimes indispensable. Experiments in the laboratory are typically restricted to short-term usage by a small sample size under unnatural conditions. We introduce the multi-platform CURAT Sonification Game that allows us to evaluate our sonification design by a large population during long-term usage. Gamification is used to motivate users to interact with the sonification regularly and conscientiously over a long period of time. In this paper we present the sonification game and some initial analyses of the gathered data. Furthermore, we hope to reach more volunteers to play the CURAT Sonification Game and help us evaluate and optimize our psychoacoustic sonification design and give us valuable feedback on the game and recommendations for future developments.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Diffusion in Compacted Bentonite

The information available from the open literature and our studies on exclusion, sorption and diffusion mechanisms of ionic and neutral species in bentonite has been compiled and re-examined in relation to the microstructure of bentonite. The emphasis is placed on a more thorough understanding of the diffusion processes taking place in compacted bentonite. Despite the scarcity of experiments performed with neutral diffusants, these imply that virtually all the pores in compacted bentonite are accessible to neutral species. Anion exclusion, induced by the overlap of electrical double layers, may render the accessible porosity for anions considerably less than the porosity obtained from the water content of the clay. On the basis of the compiled data, it is highly probable that surface diffusion plays a significant role in the transport of cations in bentonite clays. Moreover, easily soluble compounds in bentonite can affect the ionic strength of porewater and, consequently, exclusion, equilibrium between cations, and surface diffusion.
Safety and Efficacy of Autologous Non-Hematopoietic Enriched Stem Cell Nebulization in Covid-19 Patients. A Randomized Clinical Trial, Abu Dhabi 2020.

Background: The novel SARS-Cov-2 has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, with insufficient worldwide vaccination rates, the identification of treatment solutions to reduce the impact of the virus is urgently needed. Method: An adaptive, multicentric, open-label, and randomized controlled phase I/II clinical trial entitled the “SENTAD-COVID Study” was conducted by the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center under conditional exceptional approval by the Emirates Institutional Review Board (IRB) for COVID-19 Research Committee from April 4 to July 31, 2020, using an autologous peripheral blood nonhematopoietic enriched stem cell cocktail (PB-NHESC-C) administered by compressor (jet) nebulization as a complement to standard care therapy. The primary endpoints include safety and efficacy assessments, adverse events, the mortality rate within 28 days, and the time to clinical improvement as measured by a 2-point reduction on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital, whichever occurred first. Results: The study included a total of 139 randomized COVID-19 patients with 69 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group (standard care). Overall survival was 94.20% for the cocktail-treated group vs. 90.27% for the control group. Adverse events occurred in 43 (62.32%) patients receiving PB-NHESC-C vs. 44 (62.86%) in the control group, and most adverse events were related to the disease. After the first nine days of the intervention, 67.3% of cocktail-treated patients recovered and were released from hospitals compared to 53.1% (RR=0.84; 95% CI, 0.56-1.28) in the control group. Improvement, i.e., at least a 2-point reduction in the severity scale, was more frequently observed in cocktail-treated patients (42.0%) than in controls (17.0%) (RR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.88). Conclusions: Cocktail treatment improved clinical outcomes without increasing adverse events. Thus, the nebulization of PB-NHESC-C was safe and effective for treatment in most of these patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04473170. Registered 16 July 2020. Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04473170.
Risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation during critical illness: A Delphi study

Background New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is common during critical illness and is associated with poor outcomes. Many risk factors for NOAF during critical illness have been identified, overlapping with risk factors for atrial fibrillation in patients in community settings. To develop interventions to prevent NOAF during critical illness, modifiable risk factors must be identified. These have not been studied in detail and it is not clear which variables warrant further study. Methods We undertook an international three-round Delphi process using an expert panel to identify important predictors of NOAF risk during critical illness. Results Of 22 experts invited, 12 agreed to participate. Participants were located in Europe, North America and South America and shared 110 publications on the subject of atrial fibrillation. All 12 completed the three Delphi rounds. Potentially modifiable risk factors identified include 15 intervention-related variables. Conclusions We present the results of the first Delphi process to identify important predictors of NOAF risk during critical illness. These results support further research into modifiable risk factors including optimal plasma electrolyte concentrations, rates of change of these electrolytes, fluid balance, choice of vasoactive medications and the use of preventative medications in high-risk patients. We also hope our findings will aid the development of predictive models for NOAF.
Identification and emotional attachment in higher education: antecedents and consequences

ABSTRACT Identification and attachment are topics comprehensively investigated in consumer–brand and person–non-business institution relationships. However, little is known about the antecedents and consequences of these concepts in the university–student relationship. We investigate the attachment–identification connection with the student–university relationship viewpoint. Therefore, we first researched the effects of trust, faculty image, perceived quality, and value congruence on student–university identification. Second, we assessed emotional attachment and student satisfaction as identification’s consequences. Finally, we considered positive word-of-mouth as the outputs of attachment and satisfaction. We found that perceived quality, faculty image, trust, and value congruence reinforce student–school identification. Also, identification is the emotional glue that cements the bond between students and school to ensure satisfaction. Besides, attachment and satisfaction lead to positive word-of-mouth. Additionally, serial mediation analyses showed that identification, attachment, and satisfaction create the links between the identification’s antecedents and positive WOM. We also found differences between students and graduates in some relationships.
Deep semantic segmentation for detecting eucalyptus planted forests in the Brazilian territory using sentinel-2 imagery

Abstract This research aims to analyze the use of deep semantic segmentation to detect eucalyptus afforestation areas using Sentinel-2 images. The study compared six architectures (U-net, DeepLabv3+, FPN, MANet, PSPNet, LinkNet) with four encoders (ResNet-101, ResNeXt-101, Efficient-net-b3 and Efficient-net-b7), using 10 spectral bands. Even though the differences were not large among the different models, we found that the Efficient-net-b7 was the best backbone among all architectures, and the best overall model was DeepLabv3+ with the Efficient-net-b7 backbone, achieving an IoU of 76.57. Moreover, we compared the mapping of large satellite images with the sliding window technique with overlapping pixels considering six stride values. We found that sliding windows with lower stride values significantly minimized errors in the frame edge both visually and quantitively (metrics). Semantic segmentation allows an evident distinction between the afforestation and the natural vegetation, being fast and efficient for spatial distribution analysis of afforestation changes in Brazil.
Diversification of
 Prochilodus
 in the eastern Brazilian Shield: Evidence from complete mitochondrial genomes (Teleostei, Prochilodontidae)

The freshwater fish order Characiformes includes approximately 2260 species, distributed in 24 families with about 90% being endemic to the Neotropical region with the others found in Africa (BetancurR et al., 2018; Fricke et al., 2020; Oliveira et al., 2011). One of the Neotropical endemic clades is the family Prochilodontidae, popularly known as curimbatás, bocachicos, or flannelmouthed characiforms, Received: 26 November 2020 | Revised: 18 March 2021 | Accepted: 19 March 2021 DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12475
Harmonization of Green Motives and Green Business Strategies towards Sustainable Development of Hospitality and Tourism Industry: Green Environmental Policies

This study aims to investigate the direct impact of green motives (GM) and green business strategies (GBS) on sustainable development (SD) in the hospitality sector. It explores the direct links between GM and SD. Moreover, the mediating role of GBS between GM and SD was tested. The research relies on the stakeholders’ theory, which states that the organization’s success and future development depends on the satisfaction of stakeholders. Data were collected from 451 top managers and owners from 54 hotels (5, 4 and 3-star hotels) operating in Pakistan. Quantitative analysis including correlation, regression, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model techniques were used. The mediating role of GBS was assessed using the bootstrapping method. Results proved that GM and GBS enable hotel industry to achieve the targets of SD. Finding also proved that GBS act as a mediator between the GM and SD link. The hotel industry needs attention to achieve the targets of SD and customers’ inclination towards more hygienic and environmental issues after the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic situation has forced the hotel industry to adapt GBS initiated through GM. The current research articulated this upcoming issue and offered a SD model for the hotel industry.