Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of fruit & vegetable and fat intake in university students:

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess which factors influence European (Flemish) university students’ fruit & vegetable and fat intake. Furthermore, we wanted to explain to what extent fruit & vegetable and fat intake were being influenced by these determinants. Methods A self-reported on-line questionnaire assessing socio-demographic variables, health status, dietary habits, factors influencing fruit & vegetable consumption and factors influencing fat intake was completed by 211 university students of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate daily fruit & vegetable and fat intake. Results With regard to fruit & vegetable consumption, being female, being older, living in a student residence, being currently on a diet, more vegetarian dietary preferences, higher subjective norm, higher perceived control, higher perceived threat, more social norms, more social support, more social models, higher perceived advantages, higher self-efficacy and less perceived barriers result in higher fruit & vegetable intake. 41.8% of total variance in fruit & vegetable consumption was explained by the regression model. Whereas concerning fat intake, being female, being currently on a diet, lower body image, higher subjective norm, higher perceived threat, more social norms, more social models and higher perceived
Evaluation of Brix and sugar content in stem juice from sorghum varieties

Sorghum accumulates sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) in the stem after anthesis. Brix is commonly used to indicate total sugar content; however, the relationship between Brix and specific sugar components has not been sufficiently investigated in sorghum juice in Japan. In this study, we measured the sugar components of sorghum juices from 109 varieties using capillary electrophoresis, which can quantify each sugar component in crude juice without further purification. The results indicated that the Brix of sorghum juice was proportional to the total sugar and sucrose concentrations (r = 0.900 and r = 0.894, P < 0.01, respectively). Glucose concentration had a significant positive correlation with fructose concentration (r = 0.964, P < 0.01), but no correlation was detected between Brix and the two hexose sugars, glucose and fructose. Our results showed that sucrose comprised approximately 75% of the total sugar in varieties with Brix values greater than 15. These findings may be applied in sorghum breeding efforts to develop varieties that accumulate high levels of sugars in the juicy stems of sorghum plants.
PERMANOVA, ANOSIM, and the Mantel test in the face of heterogeneous dispersions: What null hypothesis are you testing?

ANOSIM, PERMANOVA, and the Mantel test are all resemblance-based permutation methods widely used in ecology. Here, we report the results of the first simulation study, to our knowledge, specifically designed to examine the effects of heterogeneity of multivariate dispersions on the rejection rates of these tests and on a classical MANOVA test (Pillai's trace). Increasing differences in dispersion among groups were simulated under scenarios of changing sample sizes, correlation structures, error distributions, numbers of variables, and numbers of groups for balanced and unbalanced one-way designs. The power of these tests to detect environmental impacts or natural large-scale biogeographic gradients was also compared empirically under simulations based on parameters derived from real ecological data sets. Overall, ANOSIM and the Mantel test were very sensitive to heterogeneity in dispersions, with ANOSIM generally being more sensitive than the Mantel test. In contrast, PERMANOVA and Pillai's trace were largely unaffected by heterogeneity for balanced designs. PERMANOVA was also unaffected by differences in correlation structure, unlike Pillai's trace. For unbalanced designs, however, all of the tests were (1) too liberal when the smaller group had greater dispersion and (2) overly conservative when the larger group had greater dispersion, especially ANOSIM and the Mantel test. For simulations based on real ecological data sets, PERMANOVA was generally, but not always, more powerful than the others to detect changes in community structure, and the Mantel test was usually more powerful than ANOSIM. Both the error distributions and the resemblance measure affected results concerning power. Differences in the underlying construction of these test statistics result in important differences in the nature of the null hypothesis they are testing, their sensitivity to heterogeneity, and their power to detect important changes in ecological communities. For balanced designs, PERMANOVA and PERMDISP can be used to rigorously identify location vs. dispersion effects, respectively, in the space of the chosen resemblance measure. ANOSIM and the Mantel test can be used as more “omnibus” tests, being sensitive to differences in location, dispersion or correlation structure among groups. Unfortunately, none of the tests (PERMANOVA, Mantel, or ANOSIM) behaved reliably for unbalanced designs in the face of heterogeneity.
Detection of Water-Filled Mining Goaf Using Mining Transient Electromagnetic Method

Water-filled mining goaves are extremely prone to water inrush accidents in coal mines, and the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is a good geophysical method for detecting water-rich areas. Considering that conventional TEM was mainly carried out on the ground, to increase the detection resolution, the underground TEM was used to detect the water-filled goaves in this study. Based on the whole-space model, the data-processing method of the underground TEM was studied. The whole-space geoelectric model was established based on actual coal-measure strata data, and the whole-space TEM response of the water-filled goaves was modeled using the finite-difference time-domain method. The results showed that the low-resistance areas of the apparent resistivity contours can accurately reflect the water abundance of the mining goaves. The underground TEM was used to detect the water abundance of the mining goaf in a mine environment and its detection results were consistent with the actual results.
Using pregnancy rates and perinatal mortality to evaluate the success of recovery strategies for endangered island foxes

Following a dramatic population decline in 1999, captive‐breeding and translocation programs were initiated to recover the Santa Catalina Island fox Urocyon littoralis. Neonatal losses during the first year of captive breeding raised concerns, but little information was available on which to base reproductive expectations in captivity, and pregnancy rates and pup mortality had not been assessed in free‐ranging foxes. In 2002 and 2003 we evaluated the relative contributions of captive breeding and translocation to population recovery by comparing pregnancy rates and perinatal mortality in free‐ranging and captive Santa Catalina Island foxes, and by comparing pregnancy rates and perinatal mortality were also compared between resident free‐ranging foxes and foxes that had been captive bred and released, or translocated as juveniles. Pregnancy rates and fetal number were determined using ultrasound. Free‐ranging pregnant foxes were followed via radiotelemetry, and a combination of camera‐traps, observation and targeted trapping was used to determine how many pups survived to weaning. Video cameras and observations were used to determine the weaning success for captive foxes. The adult pregnancy rate for free‐ranging foxes (95.0%) was higher than for adult captive foxes (47.6%; P=0.003). Perinatal mortality for pups born to free‐ranging mothers (43.2%) was higher than for pups born to captive mothers (15.0%, P=0.055). Adult pregnancy rates and perinatal mortality were 100 and 25.0% for translocated and captive‐bred foxes combined, and 92.3 and 53.6% for resident wild foxes. The average weaned litter size (±standard deviation) for free‐ranging foxes (1.8±0.6) was similar to that for captive foxes (2.1±0.4). Successful pup production by translocated and captive‐bred foxes supports the utility of these strategies to recover island foxes. Our approach, integrating veterinary and field biology techniques to assess the contributions of different management strategies to population recovery, can be utilized for other endangered species.
Correlation between urinary iodine level and thyroid disease

Objective To investigate the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid disease.Methods The study used a case-control design.One hundred and nine patients with thyroid disease from the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Control were selected as case group from 2011 to 2012,and these patients were divided into three groups:Graves's disease (GD) group (n =48),chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (HT) group(n =34) and thyroid nodules group(n =27). Sixty-two healthy people from the same region were selected as a control group.Urinary iodine was determined using arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry,thyroid autoantibody (TRAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was detected using electrochemiluminescence,while iodine absorption rate was measured using thyroid function analyzer,and thyroid volume was measured using type-B ultrasonic method.The relationship between urinary iodine level and patients with thyroid disease was compared with that of control group.Results Urinary iodine levels of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were 313.95,375.20,220.20 and 196.50 μg/L,respectively.Urinary iodine levels of patients with GD and HT groups were higher than that of control group(Z =3.238,4.275,all P ＜ 0.0125). Urinary iodine level of patients with HT was higher than that of thyroid nodules(Z =3.762,P ＜ 0.0125). Iodine uptakes of GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (84.20 ± 16.90)％,(23.51 ± 6.72)％,(28.34 ± 8.02)％ and (29.31 ± 8.41)％; TRAbs of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (58.57 ± 20.31)％,(2.54± 1.00)％,(2.98 ± 0.83)％ and (3.01 ± 1.21)％; TPOAbs of patients with GD,HT,thyroid nodules and control groups were (117.03 ± 57.21)％,(251.00 ± 98.20)％,(16.81 ± 9.87)％ and (15.00 ± 7.23)％. Iodine uptake,TRAb and TPOAb of GD group were higher than those of control group(P ＜ 0.05). TPOAb of HT group was higher than that of control group(P ＜ 0.05). Urinary iodine levels of GD group and HT group were positively correlated with TPOAb(correlation coefficient were 0.462,0.478 all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Excessive iodine intake is found in patients with GD and HT.Determination of urinary iodine is helpful for individualized iodine supplementation. Key words: Urine; Iodine; Graves' disease ; Chronic lymphocytic thyriuditis
Variação sazonal das trocas gasosas em folhas de mamoeiro cultivado em condições de campo

This study was carried out in a commercial orchard of papaya in the Savanna region of Bahia state where there are two distinct seasons: dry season, from May to September and a rainy one from October to March. Two genotypes, one from 'Solo' group (Sunrise Solo) and another from 'Formosa' group (Tainung 01) were used. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), instantaneous transpiration (E), air temperature inside the chamber (Tar) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were measured at one hour interval in a fully expanded sun-exposed leaves in two season, one characterized as dry season (July and September) and another one as rainy season (November and January). Intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE) was calculated using A and gs (A/gs). In both genotypes, the reduced gs due to high VPD in July and September contributed to reduce A. The behavior was similar in the two studied genotypes. In the dry season, reduced gs triggered a higher IWUE.
Cost-benefi t analysis in reasoning

When an individual thinks about a problem, his decision to reason further may involve a tradeo between cognitive costs and a notion of value. But it is not obvious that this is always the case, and the value of reasoning is not well-de ned. This pa- per analyzes the primitive properties of the reasoning process that must hold for the decision to stop thinking to be represented by a cost-bene t analysis. We nd that the properties that characterize the cost-bene t representation are weak and intuitive, suggesting that such a representation is justi ed for a large class of problems. We then provide additional properties that give more structure to the value of reasoning func- tion, including `value of information' and `maximum gain' representations. We show how our model applies to a variety of settings, including contexts involving sequential heuristics in choice, response time, reasoning in games and research. Our model can also be used to understand economically relevant patterns of behavior for which the cost-bene t approach does not seem to hold. These include choking under pressure and (over)thinking aversion.
Temperature and Light Influence Growth and Flower Production in Heliconia `Golden Torch'

Flowering responses of Heliconia psittacorum L.f. x H. spathocircinata Aristeguieta 'Golden Torch' to temperature and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) were determined in controlled-environment conditions using a 2 × 2 factorial combination of temperature (32C day/20C night and 24C day/20C night) and PPF (475 and 710 μmolm -2 •s -1 ). Temperature had no significant effect on new shoot production, with an average of 9.3 shoots per plant being produced over the 248 days of treatment. More shoots, however, were produced at the higher PPF level (10.1 compared with 8.3 shoots). The proportion of shoots that initiated flowers (85%) was similar in all treatments. The duration from shoot until inflorescence emergence was significantly less at 32C day/20C night than at 24C day/ 20C night (140 and 146 days, respectively) and was unaffected by PPF. This duration also was significantly affected by the interacting effects of order of shoot appearance and the number of leaves subtending the inflorescence. The second shoots to emerge had the shortest duration from shoot emergence to inflorescence emergence. The number of leaves subtending the inflorescence increased at the higher temperature and decreased as shoot order increased but was unaffected by PPF. Temperature and PPF levels influenced total leaf area at flowering, with highest areas being achieved in the high temperature-low PPF combination. Acceptable flower quality with at least two, opened, well-formed, well- colored bracts was obtained in all treatments, although flower stems were taller and thicker at 32C day/20C night and these dimensions increased further with increasing order of shoot appearance. Stem diameters tended to be thinner at the lower PPF level. Overall, temperature was more dominant than light in influencing production and quality of flowers, but developmental factors associated with the order of shoot appearance also played a significant role. Flower production of 'Golden Torch' should be feasible in temperature-controlled glasshouses in temperate regions where mean air temperatures can be maintained at ≈20C.
Oviposition, larval preference, and larval performance in two polyphagous species: does the larva know best?

It is expected that females preferentially oviposit on plant hosts that allow for optimal larval performance. However, this expectation contradicts empirical evidence where adults do not always choose the best host for their descendants. Recent evidence suggests that females’ host selection depends on the number of potential hosts. Females from oligophagous species seem to be able to choose an appropriate host in terms of larval performance, whereas in polyphagous species, adult oviposition preference is not related with larval performance. This suggests that larvae in polyphagous species could be taking a more active role in host selection than their mothers. Here, we evaluated the oviposition preference and the larval preference and performance of two polyphagous species of economic importance, Copitarsia decolora (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Cuculliinae) and Peridroma saucia (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae), on eight species of cultivated plants. In laboratory and greenhouse choice assays, we tested adult preference for oviposition and larval preference at 1 and 24 h. Larval performance was measured in terms of survival to adulthood, length of larval period, and pupal weight. We found that both adult females and larvae actively choose their hosts and that the larval preference toward the hosts is related to the females’ preference in both herbivore species. However, the females and larvae did not preferentially select the host with the best larval performance, indicating that larval performance is not related to female or larval preference and that other selective pressures are influencing the choice of the host plant in these two species.
Resource-aware Broadcast and Multicast in Multi-rate Wireless Mesh Networks

This paper studies some of the fundamental challenges and opportunities associated with the network-layer broadcast and multicast in a multihop multirate wireless mesh network (WMN). In particular, we focus on exploiting the ability of nodes to perform link-layer broadcasts at different rates (with correspondingly different coverage areas). We ﬁrst show how, in the broadcast wireless medium, the available capacity at a mesh node for a multicast transmission is not just a function of the aggregate pre-existing trafﬁc load of other interfering nodes, but intricately coupled to the actual (sender, receiver) set and the link-layer rate of each individual transmission. We then present and study six alternative heuristic strategies for computing a broadcast tree that not only factors in a ﬂow’s trafﬁc rate but also exploits the wireless broadcast advantage (WBA). Finally, we demonstrate how our insights can be extended to multicast routing in a WMN, and present results that show how a tree-formation algorithm that combines contention awareness with transmission rate diversity can signiﬁcantly increase the total amount of admissible multi-cast trafﬁc load in a WMN.
The Tracy-Widom law for the Largest Eigenvalue of F Type Matrices

Let Ap = YY∗ m and Bp = XX∗ n be two independent random matrices where X = (Xij)p×n and Y = (Yij)p×m respectively consist of real (or complex) independent random variables with EXij = EYij = 0, E|Xij | = E|Yij | = 1. Denote by λ1 the largest root of the determinantal equation det(λAp − Bp) = 0. We establish the Tracy-Widom type universality for λ1 under some moment conditions on Xij and Yij when p/m and p/n approach positive constants as p→∞.
Whole plant respiration and photosynthesis of wheat under increased CO2 concentration and temperature: long‐term vs. short‐term distinctions for modelling

Short- and long-term effects of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on whole plant respiratory relationships are examined for wheat grown at four constant temperatures and at two CO2 concentrations. Whole plant CO2 exchange was measured on a 24 h basis and measurement conditions varied both to observe short-term effects and to determine the growth respiration coefficient (rg), dry weight maintenance coefficient (rm), basal (i.e. dark acclimated) respiration coefficient (rg), and 24 h respiration:photosynthesis ratio (R:P). There was no response of rg to short-term variation in CO2 concentration. For plants with adequate N supply, rg was unaffected by the growth-CO2 despite a 10% reduction in the plant's N concentration (%N). However, rm was decreased 13%, and rb was decreased 20% by growth in elevated CO2 concentration relative to ambient. Nevertheless, R:P was not affected by growth in elevated CO2. Whole plant respiration responded to short-term variation of ± 5 °C around the growth temperature with low sensitivity (Q10= 1.8 at 15 °C, 1.3 at 30 °C). The shape of the response of whole plant respiration to growth temperature was different from that of the short term response, being a slanted S-shape declining between 25 and 30 °C. While rm, increased, rg decreased when growth temperature increased between 15 and 20 °C. Above 20 °C rm became temperature insensitive while rg increased with growth temperature. Despite these complex component responses, R:P increased only from 0.40 to 0.43 between 15° and 30 °C growth temperatures. Giving the plants a step increase in temperature caused a transient increase in R:P which recovered to the pre-transient value in 3 days. It is concluded that use of a constant R:P with respect to average temperature and CO2 concentration may be a more simple and accurate way to model the responses of wheat crop respiration to ‘climate change’ than the more complex and mechanistically dubious functional analysis into growth and maintenance components.
Diel vertical migration and interaction of zooplankton and juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) at a frontal region near the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea

The diel vertical migration of age-0-walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma Pallas) and their principal prey organisms were examined at a productive frontal region in the Bering Sea using 38 kHz acoustic measurements and net samples. Small copepods dominated the catch of depth-stratified plankton tows. Two copepod species (Calanus marshallae and Metridia pacifica), euphausiids and chaetognaths, exhibited strong diel vertical migrations, although the magnitude and timing of the migrations varied among taxa. Age-0 pollock dominated midwater trawl catches (92% by number) that targeted layers of strong acoustic backscatter. Distributions of target strengths (TS) recorded within the layers corresponded well with predicted values based on empirical length/TS relationships for age-0 walleye pollock. Juvenile pollock in these layers migrated from daytime maxima at 40 m depths to less than 20 m at night. The proportion of large copepods, euphausiids, and chaetognaths in the diet of juvenile pollock increased with increasing fish size, but prey composition did not change significantly throughout the diel period. 2000 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Allelopathic effects of Allspice, Eucalyptus, Jujube, and Persian walnut on field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) seed germination and seedling growth

Field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) is one of the holoparasitic weeds that cause yield losses of many crops and orchards. May be one of the best methods for control of this weed is employ of allelopathic medicinal plants that release allelochemicals. This experiment was carried out to assay the effects of different concentrations [0, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75% and 5% (gram powder of plant per 100 ml of distilled water)] of Allspice (Calycanthus floridus L.), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.), and Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) on field dodder seed germination and seedling growth. Results showed that all of these plants had inhibitory or stimulatory effect on seed germination and seedling growth of this parasitic weed. So that in the highest concentrations of Allspice, Jujube, Persian walnut, and Eucalyptus leaf extract, seed germination of field dodder was reduced 43.28%, 39.26%, 29.46%, and 28.31%, respectively. Seedling length of this parasitic weed was more sensitive than seed germination. So, in the lowest concentration (1.25%), Jujube had the highest inhibition on field dodder seedling length. By increasing of Allspice leaf extract, inhibitory effect on seedling length, fresh and dry weights were increased significantly. In conclusion, Allspice and Eucalyptus can provide excellent inhibitory effect of field dodder seed germination and seedling growth, so that leaf aqueous extract of these medicinal plants offers an alternative tool for the control of this parasitic weed thus proving the concept of allelopathic interactions amongst the plant species as a natural replacement method.