Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Type Specimen of Panochthus frenzelianus Ameghino, 1889 (Xenarthra, Glyptodontia, Panochthidae)

Abstract. Panochthus frenzelianus was described by Ameghino in 1889 based on a skull, mandible, cephalic shield, osteoderms from the posteriormost rows of carapace, and caudal rings. Unfortunately, the type specimen was not specified and the provenance and repository of the described specimens were not informed. In 1903, Osborn stated that the holotype of this species was part of a collection of fossil mammals that Cope bought in France in 1878 and later deposited in the AMHN of New York. In 1942, Castellanos published a photograph of the purported holotype of P. frenzelianus (a mounted skeleton) and confirmed that it was deposited at the AMNH, as previously stated by Osborn. However, the specimen presents some differences with the material described in 1889 by Ameghino. Here we attempt to determine the true type specimen of P. frenzelianus and its repository based on information available on the literature, the AMNH collection, archives (e.g., notes, catalogs), and on a morphological analysis of some elements assigned to Panochthus housed in that institution. We found that: (1) the specimen figured by Castellanos and exhibited at the AMNH is a composite specimen formed by remains of at least three individuals; (2) these remains do not bear the diagnostic features mentioned by Ameghino and, therefore, they cannot be assigned to the holotype of P. frenzelianus; (3) a cephalic shield and a mandible belonging to another specimen at the AMNH bear the diagnostic characters mentioned by Ameghino, and are the only parts that we could confidently assign to the holotype of P. frenzelianus.
Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Rotavirus A from Domestic Pigs in Zambia: Evidence for Possible Porcine–Human Interspecies Transmission

Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea globally in animals and young children under 5 years old. Here, molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine rotavirus in smallholder and commercial pig farms in the Lusaka Province of Zambia were conducted. Screening of 148 stool samples by RT-PCR targeting the VP6 gene revealed a prevalence of 22.9% (34/148). Further testing of VP6-positive samples with VP7-specific primers produced 12 positives, which were then Sanger-sequenced. BLASTn of the VP7 positives showed sequence similarity to porcine and human rotavirus strains with identities ranging from 87.5% to 97.1%. By next-generation sequencing, the full-length genetic constellation of the representative strains RVA/pig-wt/ZMB/LSK0137 and RVA/pig-wt/ZMB/LSK0147 were determined. Genotyping of these strains revealed a known Wa-like genetic backbone, and their genetic constellations were G4-P[6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 and G9-P[13]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two viruses might have their ancestral origin from pigs, though some of their gene segments were related to human strains. The study shows evidence of reassortment and possible interspecies transmission between pigs and humans in Zambia. Therefore, the “One Health” surveillance approach for rotavirus A in animals and humans is recommended to inform the design of effective control measures.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: With Aleut Cognates

An updated and comprehensive reference to the Eskimo-Aleut languages spoken from the northeastern tip of Siberia all the way east to Greenland, this easy-to-use volume groups related words from the modern Eskimo languages in comparative sets with their English equivalents. In total, ten dialects are covered - including five Inuit dialect groups, four Yup'ik languages, and Sirenikski-with Aleut cognates provided when possible. Separate sections are devoted to a grammatical overview, including demonstratives, inflectional endings, and derivational suffixes. Indices with both standard Eskimo spellings and English glosses enhance the usefulness of this volume.
MJO Initiation Processes over the Tropical Indian Ocean during DYNAMO/CINDY2011*

AbstractA multination joint field campaign called the Dynamics of MJO/Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in Year 2011 (DYNAMO/CINDY2011) took place in the equatorial Indian Ocean (IO) in late 2011. During the campaign period, two strong MJO events occurred from the middle of October to the middle of December (referred to as MJO I and MJO II, respectively). Both the events were initiated over the western equatorial Indian Ocean (WIO) around 50°–60°E. Using multiple observational data products (ERA-Interim, the ECMWF final analysis, and NASA MERRA), the authors unveil specific processes that triggered the MJO convection in the WIO. It is found that, 10 days prior to MJO I initiation, a marked large-scale ascending motion anomaly appeared in the lower troposphere over the WIO. The cause of this intraseasonal vertical motion anomaly was attributed to anomalous warm advection by a cyclonic gyre anomaly over the northern IO. The MJO II initiation was preceded by a low-level specifi.
Surface rainfall processes as simulated in a cloud-resolving model

[1] Surface rain rate can be simply formulated with the sum of moisture and cloud sources/sinks. In this study the moisture sink comprises the local moisture change, moisture convergence (with an imposed vertical velocity), and surface evaporation, whereas the cloud source/sink comprises the local hydrometeor change since the cyclic boundary condition leads to zero hydrometeor convergence. The sources/sinks and their contributions to the surface rain rate are examined based on hourly zonal mean simulation data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, and horizontal advections obtained from Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Although variation in the moisture sink largely accounts for much of the variation in the surface rain rate, the cloud source/sink may modify the surface rain rate significantly. The magnitude of the cloud source/sink increases when the zonal mean surface rain rate increases from 0 to 1 mm h−1, and it decreases when the rain rate increases from 1 to 2 mm h−1. The cloud source/sink is further analyzed by breaking it into ice and water hydrometeors. The ice hydrometeors may account for more contributions to the cloud variations than the water hydrometeors, and their growth may lead the surface rain rate by 1–2 hours.
Heavy precipitation on the alpine southside: An upper‐level precursor

Analyses of four separate autumnal events of very heavy precipitation on the southern slopes of the European Alps indicate that each was accompanied by a strikingly similar anomaly at upper‐tropospheric levels. It took the form of a narrow (∼500km), deep (∼4km) and elongated (∼2000 km) streamer of intruded stratospheric air [sic. high potential vorticity air] extending north‐south from the British Isles to the western Mediterranean. In each case the streamer translated comparatively slowly eastward, and the storm event ensued as its forward flank approached the Alpine ridge. Empirical indicators and theoretical considerations support the thesis that the streamer is an ubiquitous, dynamically significant, and distinctive precursor of storms on the Alpine southside.
First Report of Melon Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium brasiliense in Korea

In May 2021, characteristic soft rot symptoms, including soft, watery, slimy, black rot, wilting, and leaf collapse, were observed on melon plants (Cucumis melo) in Gokseong, Jeollanam-do, Korea. A bacterial strain, designated KNUB-06-21, was isolated from infected plant samples, taxonomically classified, and phylogenetically analyzed using 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene sequencing. Strain KNUB-06-21 was also examined for compound utilization using the API ID 32 GN system and strain KNUB-06-21 was identified as Pectobacterium brasiliense. Subsequent melon stem inoculation studies using strain KNUB-06-21 showed soft rot symptoms similar to field plants. Re-isolated strains shared phenotypic and molecular characteristics with the original P. brasiliense KNUB-06-21 strain. To our knowledge, ours is the first report of P. brasiliense causing melon soft rot disease in Korea.
The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Markers of Osteoporosis (Sclerostin and CTRP3) in Postmenopausal Women: A Comparative, Observational, Study

In the present study, our goal was to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) on osteoporosis markers (sclerostin and CTRP3) among postmenopausal women, and whether sclerostin and CTRP3 can be used as early biomarkers of osteoporosis/osteopenia in T2DM patients. In a comparative, observation, study, a total of 30 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis/osteopenia and T2DM were included, as well as 30 non-diabetic women with osteoporosis/osteopenia. Thirty age and sex-matched healthy women were included as control groups. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the serum levels of sclerostin and CTRP3. in postmenopausal women. The present study provides a novel evidence about the impact of T2DM on osteoporosis biomarkers, serum CTRP3 and sclerostin. The results indicated that women with combined T2DM and osteoporosis/osteopenia exhibited more dysregulation in both biomarkers than women with osteoporosis/osteopenia. alone. Thus, serum CTRP3 and sclerostin can be used as biomarkers for early detection of osteoporosis in diabetic patients. CTRP3 and sclerostin with all parameters, using Pearson Correlation Coe�cient in Osteoporotic diabetic group.
Surgical management of spinal cord hemangioblastoma

Background. Hemangioblastomas are considered rare tumours that are located, in most cases, in the posterior cranial fossa. In most of cases, spinal hemangioblastomas are identified on the thoracic and cervical levels and can be associated in one-third of cases with von Hippel Lindau Syndrome. Material and methods. In this paper, we are presenting our clinic`s experience with spinal hemangioblastomas and the follow-up of the patients in the last 10 years. Results. In our study, we included six men and three women with a mean age of 45 years, ranging between 36 to 61 years. The mean hospitalization days was 17 days. Among nine patients, there were identified 12 tumors. Six patients presented cervical spine hemangioblastomas, two of them had thoracic spine lesions and in one case, the tumour was identified at the lumbar level. Furthermore, two patients presented multiple lesions. Two patients had been associated with von Hippel Lindau Syndrome. In all cases, surgery was the therapeutic approach. Discussions. Despite the rapid advance of technology and the new alternatives for the treatment of these lesions, surgical resection of hemangioblastomas remains the gold standard treatment. Conclusions. Hemangiolbastomas are benign tumours that can be associated with von Hippel Lindau. A whole-body scan is required to confirm or exclude this syndrome. Even though the surgical treatment for asymptomatic patients remains debatable, surgical intervention is the only treatment that can lead to the total removal of the tumour.
Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation Reduces Cell Viability and Autophagy and Increases Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutic Temozolomide in Glioblastoma

Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive type of malignant brain tumor; however, despite advances in treatment modalities, it remains largely incurable. Current therapeutic protocols are ineffective, and temozolomide (TMZ), the main chemotherapy used in GB treatment, has a high resistance rate. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is related to the tumorigenesis of several tumor types, and targeting O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is a possible therapeutic target for some tumor types. Here, we investigated the effect of OGT inhibition on cellular proliferation, cell death, and autophagy, as well as whether it could improve the effect of TMZ on cell viability. Our findings indicated that targeting OGT shows promising potential as a therapeutic strategy for treating GB. Abstract Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor and is associated with short survival. O-GlcNAcylation is an intracellular glycosylation that regulates protein function, enzymatic activity, protein stability, and subcellular localization. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is related to the tumorigenesis of different tumors, and mounting evidence supports O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we used two human GB cell lines alongside primary human astrocytes as a non-tumoral control to investigate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cell proliferation, cell cycle, autophagy, and cell death. We observed that hyper O-GlcNAcylation promoted increased cellular proliferation, independent of alterations in the cell cycle, through the activation of autophagy. On the other hand, hypo O-GlcNAcylation inhibited autophagy, promoted cell death by apoptosis, and reduced cell proliferation. In addition, the decrease in O-GlcNAcylation sensitized GB cells to the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ) without affecting human astrocytes. Combined, these results indicated a role for O-GlcNAcylation in governing cell proliferation, autophagy, cell death, and TMZ response, thereby indicating possible therapeutic implications for treating GB. These findings pave the way for further research and the development of novel treatment approaches which may contribute to improved outcomes and increased survival rates for patients facing this challenging disease.
Conjugacy of visual auroras during magnetically quiet periods

The spatial and temporal conjugacy of auroras at high latitudes has been investigated by flying two NC-135 jet aircraft, equipped with all-sky and narrow-field cameras, along magnetically conjugate paths crossing the northern and southern auroral zones along the dipole 256° meridian. The flights were centered about magnetic midnight on March 12, 14, and 16, 1967. Magnetic activity was very low throughout this period; nevertheless, auroras were observed between dp latitudes 66° and 71° during each flight. A visual examination of all the data and a quantitative analysis of selected film frames indicate that, within the limits of error in the measurements and aircraft navigation, all the observed auroras were conjugate according to the GSFC 12/66 model of the main geomagnetic field. In most cases when the relative positions of aircraft and aurora were the same in both hemispheres, the conjugate auroras exhibited remarkably detailed similarity (point conjugacy) in their shape, intensity, and in their spatial and temporal variations. There is a tendency for the southern auroras to be located slightly eastward of the northern conjugate auroras. Such a displacement appears to be consistent with a slight asymmetric distortion of the main geomagnetic field due to solar wind pressure and earth dipole-sun geometry at the date and time of the measurements. These results suggest that, during magnetically very quiet times, auroras located at dp latitudes up to 71° are caused by a symmetrical injection of electrons and protons near the equatorial plane and onto magnetic field lines that are closed, stable, and relatively undistorted by external magnetic fields. Preliminary results from similar conjugate flights conducted during March 1968, a magnetically disturbed period, are briefly described. A visual inspection of these data has revealed substantial deviations in auroral conjugacy and a considerably more complex behavior of particle precipitation than that occurring during magnetically quiet periods.
The Different Impact of Positive-Neutral and Negative-Neutral ENSO Regimes on Australian Tropical Cyclones

AbstractThe number of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Australian region exhibits a large variation between different ENSO regimes. While the difference in TC numbers and spatial distribution of genesis locations between the canonical El Nino and La Nina regimes is well known, the authors demonstrate that a statistically significant difference in TC numbers also exists between the recently identified negative-neutral and positive-neutral regimes. Compared to the negative-neutral and La Nina regimes, significantly fewer TCs form in the Australian region during the positive-neutral regime, particularly in the eastern subregion. This difference is attributed to concomitant changes in various large-scale environmental conditions such as sea level pressure, relative vorticity, vertical motion, and sea surface temperature.
Historia del fuego y la vegetación en una secuencia Holocena del Pirineo Central: La Basa de la Mora

Esta investigacion ha sido financiada con los proyectos ARAFIRE Convenio DGAla Caixa ref. 2012 GA LC 064, DINAMO ref. CGL2009-07992, GRACCIE-CONSOLIDER ref. CSD2007-00067 y HORDA-OAPN ref: 83/2009.
Eﬀect of graphene nanoparticles on the isotropic to nematic phase transition

ABSTRACT A model combining with Flory-Huggins theory of isotropic mixing and Landau theory is developed to describe the effect of graphene nanoparticles on the isotropic to nematic phase transition. The temperature and concentration of graphene nanoparticles dependence on the orientational order parameter, transition temperature and thermodynamic quantities near the isotropic to nematic phase transition are discussed. The orientational order parameter, transition temperature and enthalpy near the isotropic to nematic phase transition increase with the increase of graphene nanoparticles.
On the magnitude of transport out of the Antarctic polar vortex

The degree of isolation of the Antarctic stratospheric vortex in late winter and spring is investigated quantitatively by using a three-dimensional global tracer transport model, in which the transport is computed from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyzed data. The evolution of the spatial distribution of passive tracers provides information about variations in the vortex structure, as well as about the magnitude of the transport out of the Antarctic vortex. The vortex structure revealed by tracers released inside the vortex at 72.5 hPa corresponds well with the satellite-derived distribution of total ozone. The model computations indicate that in late winter and spring of the years 1990-1993, there is a quasi-horizontal cross-vortex transport of about 0.24% per day of the total tracer amount, while per day, 0.83% of the vortex mass descends into the troposphere. This indicates that roughly 65% of the vortex air is flushed out during August-September-October, the approximate lifetime of the Antarctic vortex. This number is insensitive to changes in model resolution, although the quasi-horizontal outflow into the midlatitude stratosphere increases at the expense of the downward outflow if a coarser resolution is used. It is concluded that during late winter and early spring (i.e., the period of major ozone depletion), the vortex is a fairly well isolated air mass.
Recharge Through a Regional Till Aquitard: Three‐Dimensional Flow Model Water Balance Approach

In southern Ontario, vertical leakage through a regionally extensive till is the primary source of recharge to underlying aquifers used for domestic and municipal water supply. Since leakage is largely controlled by the bulk hydraulic conductivity (K) of the aquitard, accurate estimates of K are necessary to quantify the resource. Considerable controversy exists regarding estimates of K for this aquitard, which vary according to the scale of the test method. For the till matrix, estimates from core samples and slug tests consistently range from 10−11 to 10−10 m/s. Isotopic evidence (3H), on the other hand, indicates that nonmatrix structures such as sand lenses, erosional surfaces, joints, and fractures significantly enhance till permeability. This is confirmed by slug test, pump test, recharge, and water balance studies, which show that K varies over seven orders of magnitude (10−12 to 10−5 m/s).
Mafic dike swarms in the South Shetland Islands volcanic arc: Unravelling multiepisodic magmatism related to subduction and continental rifting

Eight groups of mafic dikes and related high-level stocks cut Triassic accretionary complex and Mesozoic magmatic arc formations on Livingston Island. Some are affected by silicic/sericitic alteration, related to Cretaceous hydrothermal activity, and propylitic/epidosite alteration, analogous to that in ocean floor sheeted dikes. Alteration was accompanied by major and trace element metasomatism. Ar-Ar analysis of the freshest rocks indicates five intrusive events, some of which are unexpectedly young. Groups 1–3 were intruded in the mid to late Cretaceous (∼108–74 Ma) and were coeval with the calc-alkaline arc. Between 70 and 50 Ma, relatively rapid and oblique plate convergence led to strike-slip tectonism and a pause in magmatism. At ∼52 Ma, orthogonal, slow convergence resulted in extensional faulting and emplacement of calc-alkaline (group 2) and primitive tholeiitic dikes (groups 4–6) between 51 and 45 Ma. Extension of Antarctic Peninsula-southern South American crust culminated in emplacement of mafic to intermediate, medium-grained plutons and group C porphyries between 44 and 36 Ma. Localized hydrothermal flow along fault zones resulted in partial to complete argon loss from nearby Cretaceous lavas and Ar-Ar reset ages of ∼40 Ma in mid-Cretaceous hydrothermal K-feldspar. Primitive olivine basalts (group D) and epithermal carbonate veins (31–29 Ma) were emplaced during along-arc extension accompanying the opening of Drake Passage and Powell Basin. Excess argon occurs in two forms: strongly held in melt? inclusions in the primitive tholeiites and weakly held in some secondary alteration. There is no radiometric evidence, in the area studied, for magmatism related to late Cenozoic subduction, nor to the Pleistocene-Recent opening of the back arc Bransfield rift.
Estudio del metamorfismo existente en torno al granito de Lumbrales (Salamanca)

RESUMEN: El metamorfismo en torno al granito de Lumbrales forma dos bandas alargadas en sentido este-oeste; una al norte y otra al sur con intensidad creciente hacia el granito, pasando gradualmente a migmatitas y por ultimo al propio granito de anatexia de Lumbrales. Se trata de un metamorfismo de baja presion en el que se ha desarrollado una zonacion con los siguientes minerales caracteristicos: clorita-biotitaandalucita (cordierita)-sillimanita-feldes K. El aumento progresivo de las condiciones da lugar a migmatitas con cordierita-feldes K. ABSTRACT: The metamorphism around the granite of Lumbrales (Salamanca), develop two bands, one to north and other to south with increasing intensity towards the granite, with graduate passing to migmatites and latest to anatexis granite of Lumbrales. The metamorphism is of low-pressure, with develop of characteristic minerals: chlorite-biotite-andalusite (cordierite)-sillimanite-K feldspar; and cordierite-K feldespar in the migmatites.
A winter warm pool southwest of Hainan Island due to the orographic wind wake

National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for Distinguished Young Scholars [41125019]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955601]; NSFC [40976017]; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang for Innovative Research Groups [2009R50044]; SOA of China ["908-01-ST09"]
ANALYSIS ON SETTLEMENT OF SOIL DEPOSITS FOLLOWING LIQUEFACTION DURING EARTHQUAKES

ABSTRACT The procedure for evaluating the settlement of saturated soil deposits following liquefaction during earthquakes is examined, with the effect of grain compositions also taken into effect. The recommended procedure is described in detail, with some revisions and suggestions to the previous study by Tsukamoto et al. (2004b). The use of Swedish weight sounding tests is highlighted for estimating the extent of post-liquefaction settlement. Three case histories involving the post-liquefaction settlement of saturated soil deposits observed during the recent earthquakes are introduced. The use of maximum and minimum settlement potentials, Smax and Smin, is recommended to cover some uncertainty in making evaluations.