Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research into aggression in patients from the point of view of registered nurses in the Slovak Republic

Introduction: Violence and aggression of patients towards nurses is encountered in nursing practice in all clinical disciplines. Aggression is conditioned by the multifactorial influence of the environment, the personality of the patient and the nurse. Compared to other health care professions, nurses are exposed to aggressive behaviour much more often. Objective: The objective of the research was to determine whether nurses in the Slovak Republic (SR) are exposed to aggressive patient behaviour and which determinants most often condition aggressive patient behaviour. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire with a high internal consistency Cronbach alpha coefficient (0.870) was used. The sample consisted of 439 nurses working in hospitals in nursing units. We used k proportions comparison test using Marascuilo procedure at the significance level p < 0.0001. Results: 99.32% of nurses have experienced aggressive patient behaviour in all nursing units (the degree of experience is significant 0.4897 > 0.0813). Verbal aggression is statistically significantly higher than all other types of aggression (comparison test of two proportions; z = 13.9718; zkrit = 2.3263; p = 1.158.10–44 ≈ 0). 87.70% of nurses are exposed to physical aggression (p = 7.316.10–111 ≈ 0). Conclusions: Nurses are the target of verbal and physical aggressive behaviour from patients. The most common determinants of patients’ aggressive behaviour are abuse, pain, loss of self-sufficiency, the disease itself, and lack of information.
Black Carbon and Secondary Brown Carbon, the Dominant Light Absorption and Direct Radiative Forcing Contributors of the Atmospheric Aerosols Over the Tibetan Plateau

Black carbon (BC), primary brown carbon (BrCpri), and secondary brown carbon (BrCsec) are important light‐absorbing aerosol. BC and BrC from the surrounding area can reach the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and influence climate change and glacial melting. Here, we presented a study of the light absorption, radiative forcing, and potential source areas of BC and BrC over the northeastern, central, and southwestern TP. The higher light absorption was observed in the northeastern and southwestern sites compared to the central TP site. The major carbonaceous light‐absorbing was attributed to BC with the percentages of 65%, 56%, and 82% in Ngari, Qinghai Lake, and Beiluhe, respectively. The heighten contribution of BrCsec to total light absorption indicated the importance of BrCsec in the TP, especially in the northeastern and southwestern areas. The BrCsec radiative forcings relative to BC were much higher than those of BrCpri. The potential BC and BrCpri source distributions were obtained.
Dissociation between the subjective experience of insight and performance in the CRA paradigm

ABSTRACT CRA problems can be solved with an Aha! experience in at least two different ways: via pop-out solutions (without overcoming an impasse) and true insight (with overcoming an impasse). The purpose of the present research was to test whether these solution types can be discriminated in CRA. We modified the CRA problems and added two priming conditions: relevant (decreases the probability of an impasse) and irrelevant (increases it). In Experiment 1 (N = 20), CRA problems were followed by reports on the Global Aha! rating and 6 subjective self-reports. In Experiment 2 (N = 40), a visual report on the solving process was introduced. Irrelevant priming trials were followed by lower success rates. The subjective self-reports and visual reports were different for correct and incorrect solutions but not for the two priming conditions. Thus, there is a dissociation in performance (affected by priming) and self-reports (affected by performance but not priming).
Fundamental Arbitrage under the Microscope: Evidence from Detailed Hedge Fund Transaction Data

We exploit detailed transaction and position data for a sample of long-short equity hedge funds to study the trading activity of fundamental investors. We find that hedge funds exhibit skill in opening positions, but that they close their positions too early, thereby forgoing about one-third of the trades’ potential profitability. We explain this behavior with the limits of arbitrage: hedge funds close positions early in order to reallocate their capital to more profitable investments and/or to accommodate tightened financial constraints. Consistent with this view, we document that hedge funds leave more money on the table after opening new positions, negative returns, or increases in funding constraints and volatility. (JEL G11, G12, G14, G15) Received May 1 2020; editorial decision March 25, 2021 by Editor: Jeffrey Pontiff. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS, ASSESSMENTS PERFORMANCE: CASE OF KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE (AN OPERATIONAL STUDY OF KMTC)

Purpose: The study assessed the influence of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and students perceptions. While student and teacher-related factors constitute the intrinsic factors, parents and the government on the other hand are examples of the extrinsic factors. This research project focuses on assessing the factors that contribute and influence KMTC students’ performance with an aim of establishing ways to improve their performances in examinations and assessments. Methodology: A mixed and descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized involving a study of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect students’ performance. Findings: The study findings established that both intrinsic and extrinsic had an effect on performance. The study findings established that a unit increase in student attitude can lead to an increase of 0.05 in the scores of student performance. This implies that student attitude had a significant positive effect on student performance. The study found out that a unit increase in intrinsic factors of 0.227 can lead to an increase in students’ performance. This clearly shows that extrinsic factors had a significant positive effect on student performance. The study results revealed that a unit increase of 0.01 can lead to an increase in students’ performance. This shows that extrinsic factors had a significant positive effect on students’ assessment and performance. Therefore, the study independent variables had a strong positive relationship to the dependent variable which was student performance. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends for higher learning institutions to integrate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in their planning. Key Words: Multiple Choice Questions- Multiple choice questions are questions where the respondent is given a variety of options to pick from while answering, Objective Structured Clinical Examination- it is an examination structured to meet certain specific objectives and in this case OSCEs are particularly used in the assessment of clinical officers, Assessment-it refers to the various methods and tools that educators employ in evaluation, measurement and documentation of academic readiness, learning progress, skills acquisition and education needs of a student; Intrinsic factors- refers to those factors that exists within the system (KMTC), they form the internal drive to objectives and cannot be separated from the system. E.g. in KMTC, intrinsic factors includes students’ factors, lecturer factors, institutional factors e.t. c. ; Extrinsic factors- refers to those factors that operate outside the system (KMTC) to influence the achievement of an objective. These factors are external and separate entities from the system but have established mutual connections e.g. the government, parents, employers’ e.t. c
Wideband IMD3 suppression through negative baseband impedance synthesis

National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 1846507 Abstract This article presents a power amplifier (PA) linearisation approach based on synthesising a negative impedance termination at the baseband frequency. Negative baseband termination has been previously shown to suppress intermodulation distortion (IMD) products in power amplifiers. Here, this effect is synthesised using a passive feedback network between the drain and gate bias paths of the PA, so that the IMD is suppressed without an increase in the system complexity. The design targets IMD3 suppression at the PA's 3‐dB compression point (P3dB), enabling linear operation into compression, therefore, resulting in improved device utilisation and efficiency. Based on simulation of the feedback response over a 1‐200 MHz frequency range, a network topology is designed that provides both the bias structure and the appropriate transfer function for IMD3 suppression, demonstrating the first reported practical structure to realize this behaviour over a wide range of baseband frequencies. Two different transfer functions are implemented and compared in performance to the nominal design case with standard baseband terminations. Due to the feedback nature of the approach, stability is also addressed. The 2.14‐GHz proof‐of‐ concept prototype with feedback exhibits up to 9.5 dB suppression of the two‐tone IMD3 over 10‐150 MHz tone spacing, without reducing the CW performance of the PA.
Pregnane Derivatives from Two Soft Corals of the GenusCapnella

The steroids from two soft corals of the genus Capnella have been determined. Capnella sp. nov . afforded the novel pregnane derivatives 3-methoxy-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10),20-tetraen-4-ol (8) and 19-norpregna- 1,3,5(10),20-tetraen-3-ol (10) while Capnella erecta yielded the previously described pregna-1,20-dien-3-one (13).
Does the Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank score (ATAR) predict academic performance in a podiatry course?

Introduction: Universities within Australia use the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) score to guide student selection into degrees. This process assumes that students with higher ATAR scores are more capable of the academic requirements of tertiary study. This study investigated whether ATAR predicted grades in individual subjects within a university podiatry course. To our knowledge, this research is novel within this discipline in Australia. Methods: The academic records of four intake cohorts into the podiatry program (2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012; total n = 328) were retrospectively analysed. Whether student ATAR scores predicted grades achieved in each subject was examined using multiple linear regression analysis, with secondary schooling type, entry type, gender, socioeconomic status and year of course commencement considered as potential covariates. Results: Higher ATAR score was predictive of stronger academic performance in 21 of 29 podiatry subjects, although the strength of the relationship varied from weak to moderate across year level of subject and subject type. The strongest associations were in second year bioscience subjects for Microbiology ( r = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.77), Normal and Pathological Movement ( r = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35–0.66) and Human Bioscience B ( r = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.69). Three of the six clinical subjects (Podiatric Practice A, D and E) did not produce statistically significant associations. Conclusion: This study identified that ATAR score moderately predicted grades of biosciences subjects, however it did not predict grades in clinical subjects. Provision of academic support targeted at bioscience subjects may be useful to improve the performance of students with lower ATAR scores.
Effect of Steel Composition and Processing Parameters on the Penetration Depth of Microcracks in ZnFe‐Coated Boron Steels

Liquid metal assisted cracking (LMAC) and so‐called microcracking are limiting the application of hot‐dip galvanized boron steels in the direct press hardening process. This study addresses the role of steel hardenability on the microcracking behavior of ZnFe‐coated (galvannealed) boron steels 22MnB5 and 22MnMoB8. Several soaking times and forming start temperatures in the range of 800–520 °C are examined using a laboratory press hardening equipment with a hat‐profiled forming tool. The results indicate that the penetration depth of microcracks can be reduced by improving the hardenability of steel, which enables hot forming in austenitic state at exceptionally low temperatures even without accelerated cooling procedures. The austenite decomposition of 22MnB5 leads easily to heterogeneous microstructure (ferrite + austenite/martensite) below the coating/steel interface, which promotes the penetration of microcracks. The crack depth is generally reduced with a conversion‐delayed 22MnMoB8 steel; however, a crucial reduction is attained only at lowest hot forming temperatures of 550 and 520 °C. The results of 22MnMoB8 uncouple the effect of high‐temperature ferrite formation from the microcracking mechanisms and suggest that the embrittling effect from zinc or zinc‐rich intermetallic phases plays a crucial role at conventional hot forming temperatures of 800–600 °C.
Sweet syndrome: A retrospective study of 64 cases and proposal of an algorithmic approach to improve investigation and management

Abstract Background Sweet syndrome (SS) can be categorized as classical Sweet syndrome (CSS), malignancy‐associated Sweet syndrome (MASS) or drug‐induced Sweet syndrome (DISS). Appropriate categorization of patients with SS and identification of the associated trigger are essential to direct subsequent investigations and follow‐up, especially given that 21% of cases are malignancy‐associated. However, no published guidelines exist to guide this. Objective To analyse the categorization, management and outcomes of patients with SS in order to propose a structured approach for investigation and follow‐up. Methods Retrospective data collection from the electronic records of patients diagnosed with SS between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2018. Categorized and non‐categorized patients were compared, and the yield rate of investigations and duration of follow‐up were analysed. Results Sixty‐four patients were included with CSS (77%), MASS (20%) and DISS (3%). Of these, 34 (53%) cases were not categorized by the assessing clinicians, three of which were subsequently diagnosed with a malignancy, up to 19 months later. There was no significant difference in investigations performed between categorized and non‐categorized patients and the yield rates were modest overall. Follow‐up averaged 10.5 (16.8) months; non‐categorized patients were followed‐up for significantly longer than categorized patients (15.0 (21.2) vs. 5.4 (6.8) months, p < 0.05). Conclusion The lack of a structured way to approach patients with SS can lead to under‐ or over‐investigation, diagnostic delays of underlying conditions and unnecessary follow‐up. An algorithm is proposed to identify the likely trigger and manage patients accordingly. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm the optimal approach to investigate and follow‐up patients with SS.
Love Food, Hate Waste? Ambivalence towards Food Fosters People’s Willingness to Waste Food

Food waste is the origin of major social and environmental issues. In industrial societies, domestic households are the biggest contributors to this problem. But why do people waste food although they buy and value it? Answering this question is mandatory to design effective interventions against food waste. So far, however, many interventions have not been based on theoretical knowledge. Integrating food waste literature and ambivalence research, we propose that domestic food waste can be understood via the concept of ambivalence—the simultaneous presence of positive and negative associations towards the same attitude object. In support of this notion, we demonstrated in three pre-registered experiments that people experienced ambivalence towards non-perishable food products with expired best before dates. The experience of ambivalence was in turn associated with an increased willingness to waste food. However, two informational interventions aiming to prevent people from experiencing ambivalence did not work as intended (Experiment 3). We hope that the outlined conceptualization inspires theory-driven research on why and when people dispose of food and on how to design effective interventions.
Impedance Analysis and Stabilization of Virtual Synchronous Generators With Different DC-Link Voltage Controllers Under Weak Grid

In recent years, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept has been widely studied to integrate renewable energy sources. However, instability occurs due to the implementation of the dc-link voltage controllers under the weak grid, and its mechanism remains unclear, which is investigated in this article. At first, the wideband dq-frame impedance models of the VSGs with the dc-link voltage controllers for two cases are established. Then, the stability analyses of the VSGs are compared based on these impedance models. It is revealed that the interaction dynamics between the dc-link voltage loop and the active loop lead to the negative resistor behavior of the q–q channel impedances for both VSGs, which induces the emerging oscillations of the system in a weak grid. Besides, as a useful design guideline, the parameter design of the VSGs is proposed to enhance the system stability. Finally, the experimental results obtained from a 100-kW prototype system show good agreement with simulated results, validating the impedance models and theoretical analysis.
The prevalence and types of advance care planning use in patients with advanced cancer: A retrospective single-centre perspective, Australia

Objectives: In Australia participation rate in Advance Care Directives is 14%, and research is limited on Advance Care Planning (ACP) invitations and uptake among the patients with advanced cancer (PwAC). This study identifies the prevalence and types of documented ACP discussions in PwAC who died within two or four weeks of receiving chemotherapy. Design: A retrospective audit was conducted. Statistical analysis was calculated in SPSS. Difference in ACP invitation and utilization between three groups [control, <2-weeks, and –4 weeks] was measured by Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square (or Fisher-Exact) tests. Post-hoc follow-up pair-wise comparisons were performed. Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using two logistic regression models. Setting: This study was conducted in XXX Coast University Hospital, Australia. Participants: The records of 339 patients were examined and 320 patients were found eligible. Results: Of the 320 PwAC [male: 55%; median age: 65 years], 227 (71%) received ACP invitation, and among the invited patients, 89% used Acute Resuscitation Plan; 54% used Enduring Power-of-Attorney; and 20% completed Advance Health Directives. From 7.5% [n = 24] of the patients who received chemotherapy in their last 2-weeks of life, 42% had not received an ACP invitation, 29% didn’t have Acute Resuscitation Plan and only 4% completed Advance Health Directives. There were significant differences among Control, <2-weeks, and 2–4 weeks groups in completing Acute Resuscitation Plan (P = 0.003) and Advance Health Directives (P = 0.045). A significant difference was also observed between control and <2-weeks groups in number of days since Acute Resuscitation Plan used. Completing an Acute Resuscitation Plan was associated with a lower risk of dying within two-weeks of chemotherapy (OR = 0.246; P = 0.008). Conclusions: Low rates of ACP invitation and use in PwAC, especially who received chemotherapy in 2-weeks of dying confirm a need for embedding and regularly revisiting ACP framework in cancer care and educating staff, patients, and their family caregivers to increase uptake.
Frequency and bandwidth tunable reliable MEMS bandpass filter for 24 GHz radar applications

In this work, radio frequency (RF) micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS)‐based frequency and bandwidth tunable bandpass filter is presented for application in 24 GHz Doppler radar transceivers. The filter is fabricated on 635 μm alumina substrate using surface micromachining process. Total area of the filter is only 2.8 mm2 excluding bias lines and pads. Functional building blocks of the proposed filter are fabricated and tested independently to ensure optimum filter responses. The proposed filter can be tuned to any frequency between 22 and 24 GHz based on electrostatic actuations. It demonstrates insertion loss of 1.67 dB and matching of 18.6 dB at 24 GHz with fractional bandwidth of 6.5%. Filter gives acceptable matching over a 5 GHz bandwidth (21.65‐26.65 GHz) with an average insertion loss of 4.7 dB. Filter works satisfactorily up to 10 billion cycles with 0.1 to 1 W of RF power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported tunable MEMS bandpass filter at 24 GHz with 10 billion cycles reliability and with 1 W of RF power for radar applications.
Excitation of guided waves of grounded dielectric slab by a THz plane wave scattered from finite number of embedded graphene strips: Singular integral equation analysis

The scattering and absorption of the H ‐ polarised wave by a finite number of graphene strips embedded into a grounded dielectric slab is considered in the terahertz frequency range. The rigorous and efficient method of singular integral equations is used here. The discretisation is based on the convergent meshless Nystrom ‐ type algorithm. Graphene is modelled as a zero thickness layer with a complex conductivity obtained from the Kubo formalism. Dependences of the total scattering cross section, including the part that is associated with dielectric slab guided waves, and absorption cross section as well as near field patterns are studied. The behaviour of the scattering and absorption characteristics is explained in terms of resonances on the natural modes supported by the studied structure. Special attention is paid to the excitation of the dielectric waveguide eigenwaves near the grating ‐ mode resonances.
Estimating the amplitude spectrum area of ventricular fibrillation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation using only ECG waveform

Background Amplitude spectrum area (AMSA) calculated from ventricular fibrillation (VF) can be used to monitor the effectiveness of chest compression (CC) and optimize the timing of defibrillation. However, reliable AMSA can only be obtained during CC pause because of artifacts. In this study, we sought to develop a method for estimating AMSA during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using only the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform. Methods Intervals of 8 seconds ECG and CC-related references, including 4 seconds during CC and an adjacent 4 seconds without CC, were collected before 1,008 defibrillation shocks from 512 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Signal quality was analyzed based on the irregularity of autocorrelation of VF. If signal quality index (SQI) was high, AMSA would be calculated from the original signal. Otherwise, CC-related artifacts would be constructed and suppressed using the least mean square filter from VF before calculation of AMSA. The algorithm was optimized using 480 training shocks and evaluated using 528 independent testing shocks. Results Overall, CC resulted in lower SQI [0.15 (0.04–0.61) with CC vs. 0.75 (0.61–0.83) without CC, P<0.01] and higher AMSA [11.2 (7.7–16.2) with CC vs. 7.2 (4.9–10.6) mVHz without CC, P<0.01] values. The predictive accuracy (49.2% vs. 66.5%, P<0.01) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (0.647 vs. 0.734, P<0.01) were significantly decreased during CC. Using the proposed method, the estimated AMSA was 7.1 (5.0–15.2) mVHz, the predictive accuracy was 67.0% and the AUC was 0.713, which were all comparable with those calculated without CC. Conclusions Using the signal quality-based artifact suppression method, AMSA can be reliably estimated and continuously monitored during CPR.