Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological Configuration of Sensory Biomedical Receptors Based on Structures Integrated by Electric Circuits and Utilizing Magnetic-Responsive Hybrid Fluid (HF)

Biomedical receptors such as cutaneous receptors or intelligent cells with tactile, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory sensations function in the five senses of the human body. Investigations focusing on the configuration of such receptors are useful in the fields of robotics and sensors in the food industry, among others, which involve artificial organs or sensory machines. In the present study, we aimed to produce the receptors for four senses (excepting vision) by morphologically mimicking virtual human ones. The mimicked receptors were categorized into eight types of configured structure. Our proposed magnetic-responsive hybrid fluid (HF) in elastic and soft rubber and proposed electrolytic polymerization technique gave the solidified HF rubber electric characteristics of piezoelectricity and piezo-capacity, among others. On the basis of these electric characteristics, the mimicked receptors were configured in various types of electric circuits. Through experimental estimation of mechanical force, vibration, thermal, auditory, gustatory, and olfactory responses of each receptor, the optimum function of each was specified by comparison with the actual sensations of the receptors. The effect of hairs fabricated in the receptors was also clarified to viably reproduce the distinctive functions of these sensations.
Pluto: improved astrometry from 19 years of observations

Context. We present astrometric positions of Pluto, consistent with the International Celestial Reference System, from 4412 CCD frames observed over 120 nights with three telescopes at the Observatório do Pico dos Dias in Brazil, covering a time span from 1995 to 2013, and also 145 frames observed over 11 nights in 2007 and 2009 with the ESO / MPG 2.2m telescope equipped with the Wide Field Imager (WFI). Aims. Our aim is to contribute to the study and improvement of the orbit of Pluto with new astrometric methods and positions. Methods. All astrometric positions of Pluto were reduced with the Platform for Reduction of Astronomical Images Automatically (PRAIA), using the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalogue 4 (UCAC4) as the reference catalog. We also used the planetary ephemeris DE421 + plu021 for comparisons. The positions were corrected for di ﬀ erential chromatic refraction. The ( x , y ) center of Pluto was determined from corrections to the measured photocenter, which was contaminated by Charon. The corrections were obtained with an original procedure based on analytical expressions derived from a two-dimensional Gaussian function i.e. the point spread function PSF ﬁtted to the images to derive the ( x , y ) measurements. Results. We obtained mean values of 4 mas and 37 mas for right ascension and declination, and standard deviations of σ α = 45 mas and σ δ = 49 mas, for the o ﬀ sets in the sense observed minus ephemeris position, after the corrections. We conﬁrm the presence of a linear drift in the ephemeris declinations from 2005 on, also obtained from stellar occultations. Conclusions. We present astrometric positions of Pluto for 19 years of observations in Brazil. The positions, corrected for di ﬀ erential chromatic refraction and Pluto / Charon photocenter e ﬀ ects, presented the same behavior as obtained from stellar occultations, with a drift in declinations of about 100 mas since 2005. The results indicate that the DE421 Pluto ephemeris used in this work need to be corrected.
Generation of highly directional beam by k-space filtering using a metamaterial flat slab with a small negative index of refraction

The authors show how a flat slab made of a metamaterial engineered to have a small negative index of refraction can be used to reshape radiation emitted from an isotropic source and produce a highly directional output beam. The slab makes a filtering of high transverse wave vectors of the input diverging beam. The predicted phenomenon is demonstrated at microwave frequencies using a two-dimensional photonic crystal made of alumina rods. Simulations using the finite-difference time-domain method support the experiments.
The acute effect of heat exposure on forearm macro‐ and microvascular function: Impact of measurement timing, heating modality and biological sex

What is the central question of this study? Do measurement timing, heating modality and biological sex modulate the acute effect of heat exposure on brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation and postocclusion reactive hyperaemia? What is the main finding and its importance? The acute effect of heat exposure on brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation and postocclusion reactive hyperaemia is: (1) transient and short lasting; (2) different between forearm and whole‐body heating; (3) unaffected by forearm heating during whole‐body heating; and (4) not different but not always equivalent between males and females. These findings provide a useful basis for future studies to investigate the acute effect of heat exposure on vascular function.
Transient growth: A factor in bypass transition

Transient growth arises through the coupling between slightly damped, highly oblique (nearly streamwise) T–S and Squire modes leading to algebraic growth followed by exponential decay in a region that is subcritical with respect to the T–S neutral curve. A weak transient growth can also occur for two dimensional or axisymmetric modes since the Orr–Sommerfeld operator and its compressible counterpart are not self-adjoint, therefore their eigenfunctions are not strictly orthogonal. So transient growth is a candidate mechanism for many examples of bypass transition. The original transient growth theories were all temporal. However spatial growth formulations are now emerging including their extension to compressible flow with pressure gradient and heat transfer. The relevance to bypass transition is examined through several examples including Poiseuille pipe flow, the hypersonic blunt body paradox and distributed roughness effects.
Impact of Locus of Control on Emotional Intelligence: A Study of College Students

Aim: To assess student’s locus of control and to identify the impact of locus of control on emotional intelligence among college students. Gender differences were also assessed in the study regarding student’s locus of control. Study Design: An exploratory research design was used for the study where data were taken from primary sources. Place of Study: The study was conducted in two coeducational and two girl’s colleges of Chandigarh in the year 2018-19. Methodology: A sample size of 100 boys and 100 girls (50 students in the age group of 18-24 years from each college) was selected randomly for the study. Data were collected from respondents by using standardized scales viz. Rotter’s Internal-External Locus of Control (Indian Adaptation) and Emotional Intelligence Test. Tabulation of data was done and frequencies were calculated and data was further subjected to statistical analysis through SPSS software. Results: Based on study findings, out of 200 students, 116 students including both boys and girls have showed external locus of control. From linear regression results, it revealed that managing emotions was positively significant at confidence level 0.1 with external and internal locus of control while empathy was significantly but negatively associated with internal locus of control at 0.1 level of confidence. Conclusion: It was concluded from results that, most of the sample have more external locus of control followed by internal locus of control. As both the dimensions of locus are significant with managing emotions at 90% intervals. Furthermore, the results for empathy are negative but significant which means that internal locus of control has significant impact on empathy. No significant gender differences were found for locus of control.
Single-Polarization Vivaldi Antenna Array with Orthogonal Walls for Improved Polarization Purity

Linearly polarized arrays of Vivaldi antennas are a common choice for ultra-wideband aperture implementations, often with a focus solely on bandwidth needs and less attention to polarization purity. With some forethought, it is possible to design Vivaldi antennas for low cross-polarization levels. In this paper, we highlight a simple approach to mitigate cross-polarization in two-dimensional array apertures of linearly-polarized Vivaldi antennas. This is demonstrated through a direct manufacturing approach that creates orthogonal metallic cross walls in arrays of all-metal linear Vivaldi flares. This demonstration has notable utility, as unlike dual-linear Vivaldi arrays, calibration of amplitude/phase via orthogonal channels cannot be used to correct polarization at a given frequency/angle in single-polarization Vivaldi arrays, as there are no orthogonal elements.
Genetic Structure of Apis cerana Populations from South Korea, Vietnam and the Russian Far East Based on Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism

Simple Summary The oriental honey bee, Apis cerana, is an important pollinator of crops and natural phytocoenosis in Asia. Natural barriers in the form of forests, mountains, rivers and seas have created the prerequisites for the formation of subspecies and ecotypes of the A. cerana. We analyzed the genetic structure of A. cerana samples from the Russian Far East, Vietnam and South Korea. High haplotype diversity was found in all samples of A. cerana based on analysis of the tRNAIeu-COII locus sequences. The found polymorphisms can be used as genetic markers to differentiate subspecies of A. cerana. Abstract In this article, we present the results of the genetic analysis of Apis cerana samples from the Russian Far East, South Korea and Vietnam. An analysis of the polymorphism of seven microsatellite loci and an assessment of the haplotype diversity of the mtDNA tRNAleu-COII locus were performed. A fragment of about 431 bp in tRNAleu-COII was sequenced. The analysis showed the presence of 14 haplotypes, while the predominant haplotype was Japan1. Microsatellite data revealed two differentiated clusters. The first cluster contained tropical climate A. cerana samples from Vietnam, and the second cluster combined temperate climate A. cerana samples from the Russian Far East and South Korea.
Slim Modiolar Electrode Placement in Candidates for Electroacoustic Stimulation

Objectives: To determine rates of hearing preservation and performance in patients who met candidacy for electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) and were implanted with a slim modiolar electrode (CI532 or CI632). Design: Adult patients meeting Food and Drug Administration criteria for electroacoustic stimulation (preoperative low-frequency pure-tone average [LFPTA] less than 60 dB at 125, 250, and 500 Hz and monosyllabic word scores between 10% and 60% in the ear to be implanted), who received a slim modiolar electrode were included. Main outcome measures included rates of hearing preservation, defined as a LFPTA ≤80 dB at 125, 250, and 500 Hz, as well as postoperative low-frequency pure-tone threshold shifts, consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) word scores and AzBio sentences in noise scores. Results: Forty-six patients met inclusion criteria during a 4-year period. Mean (standard deviation) preoperative LFPTA was 34.5 (13.0) dB, and 71.7% had preserved hearing at initial activation. The mean LFPTA shift in patients who preserved hearing at initial activation was 19.7 (14.6) dB, compared with 62.6 (17.7) dB in patients who did not preserve hearing as per our definition. Perioperative steroid use was not different in patients with and without preserved hearing (X2 (1, N = 46) = 0.19, p = . 67, V = 0.06). One year after surgery, 57% of patients had a decline in LFPTA >80 dB and were no longer considered candidates for EAS, with 34.7% still retaining low-frequency thresholds ≤80 dB. CNC word scores at 1 year were 69.9% and 61.4% among individuals with and without preserved low-frequency hearing respectively, measured in their CI ear alone, in their regular listening condition of EAS or electric only (t(32) = 1.13, p = 0.27, d = 0.39, 95% CI = –6.51, 22.86). Device use time did not differ between groups. Among adults with preserved residual hearing at 1 year (n = 16), 44% used EAS, although there was no significant difference in performance between EAS users and nonusers with preserved hearing. Loss of residual hearing over time did not result in a decline in speech perception performance. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated favorable early rates of hearing preservation with a slim modiolar array. Performance was not significantly different in individuals with and without preserved low-frequency acoustic hearing, independent of EAS use. Compared with reports of short electrode use, the loss of residual hearing in patients implanted with this array did not impact speech perception performance.
Aggression in Group-Housed Male Mice: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary When male mice are kept in groups at animal facilities, aggressive interactions between cage mates are not uncommon. Systematically reviewing previous studies that explored the cause of male mice aggression, we found that studies were disparate, using several different strains, a diverse set of environmental enrichments and different ways of grouping and housing mice, as well as different ways to observe aggression. Understanding the cause of male mice aggression is difficult when researchers use different methods and study designs. Nevertheless, our results suggest that home cage aggression is best studied in home cage environments and not by introducing unfamiliar mice to each other in a novel environment. In addition, while we were able to provide recommendations on how to minimize aggression, our assessment was that there is no universal solution that could be used by all animal facilities. Instead, it is important to realize that aggression is complex and that animal facilities might have to try different possible solutions to find what works best under their specific conditions. Abstract Aggression among group-housed male mice is a major animal welfare concern often observed at animal facilities. Studies designed to understand the causes of male mice aggression have used different methodological approaches and have been heterogeneous, using different strains, environmental enrichments, housing conditions, group formations and durations. By conducting a systematic literature review based on 198 observed conclusions from 90 articles, we showed that the methodological approach used to study aggression was relevant for the outcome and suggested that home cage observations were better when studying home cage aggression than tests provoking aggression outside the home cage. The study further revealed that aggression is a complex problem; one solution will not be appropriate for all animal facilities and all research projects. Recommendations were provided on promising tools to minimize aggression, based on the results, which included what type of environmental enrichments could be appropriate and which strains of male mice were less likely to be aggressive.
Non-trivial representations of the special relativity group

We construct unitary continuous representations of the special relativity group (the Poincare group) of two space-time dimensions, with the additional property of (strong) nontriviality, which we define. Such representations could play a fundamental role in relativistic quantum physics. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 22D10, 81M05, 81E08. 1. Definition and example The following structure is needed in Quantum Physics. Definition. Let G be a Lie group and n ι an irreducible unitary continuous representation of G. Denote by n2 the tensor product n2 = πχ (g) n^. By&family of representations continuously related to π2 we mean a set of unitary continuous representations {π2} indexed by a parameter λ e [0,1] such that π2 = π2 and the matrix elements of n2 are continuous functions of λ e [0,1]. In such a case the representation π^* is said to be strongly non-trivial if it has not the same number of irreducible sub-representations s π2. Strong non-triviality is in fact a property of the triple {G, πΐ 5 π|}. We can generalize this definition by admitting that n± is only projective. In that case we replace everywhere in the definition the word 'representation' by 'projective representation'. Remarks 1) The word 'strong' in 'strong non-triviality' is to make the distinction from the ordinary sense of triviality in group representation theory. Because no confusion will appear in this paper, we will omit it in the following. 2) The 'non-equivalence criterion' between % and π| (different numbers of irreducible sub-representations) could be weakened without essential consequence for the purpose of the paper (see the first remark after the proof of theorem 1).
Round Robin Tests of Electron Irradiated Polymers via Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements

Charge accumulation and migration can be studied using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method to directly measure internal charge distributions in dielectric materials. This study aims to compare measurements using PEA systems constructed in labs at Utah State University and Université Paul Sabatier to establish confidence in comparing PEA results between different PEA systems. While there is good agreement in data measured for pristine samples with DC bias applied and no charge embedded, there are discrepancies in the data when measuring irradiated samples with embedded charge. The overall characteristics of charge distributions measured with both systems is clearly the same, but there are small differences observed in the distance scaling and larger differences in the magnitude of the charge measured.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of PM2.5 Exposure of a High-risk Occupational Group in a Southeast Asian Megacity

Drivers of open-air public utility jeepneys (PUJs) in the Philippines are regularly exposed to severe levels of fine particulate pollution (PM 2.5 ), making them the appropriate sub-population for investigating the health impacts of PM 2.5 on populations chronically exposed to these kinds of unique sources. Real-time PM 2.5 exposures of PUJ drivers for a high-traffic route in Metro Manila, Philippines were assessed using Academia Sinica-LUNG (AS_LUNG) portable sensing devices. From all 15-second measurements obtained, the mean concentration of PM 2.5 is 36.4 µ g m –3 , seven times greater than the mean annual guideline value (5.0 µ g m –3 ) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Elevated levels of PM 2.5 were observed at key transportation microenvironments (TMEs) such as a transport terminal and near a shopping mall. The occurrence of hotspots along the route is mainly attributed to traffic-promoting factors like stoplights and traffic rush hours. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis revealed that the area by the shopping mall had the highest contribution ( β = 52 µ g m –3 ) to PUJ driver exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in the country to perform a detailed characterization of the exposure of a high-risk occupational group to PM 2.5 . These results reveal information that is normally undetected by fixed site monitoring (FSM), underscoring the importance of mobile measurements as a complement to FSM in assessing the exposure of urban populations to air pollution more extensively. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the heavy influence of traffic-promoting factors on air pollution, and the feasibility of high-resolution mobile sensing for quantifying pollution characteristics in rapidly developing nations with unique air pollution sources. Gaps in our knowledge of their health impacts may be closed through quantifying exposure using reliable sensing devices and methods presented in this work.
Exploring Human Compliance Toward a Package Delivery Robot

Human-robot interaction (HRI) studies have found people overtrust robots in domestic settings, even when the robot exhibits faulty behavior. Cognitive dissonance and selective attention explain these results. To test these theories, a novel HRI study was performed in a university library where participants were recruited to follow a package delivery robot. Participants then faced a dilemma to deliver a package in a private common room that might be off-limits. Then, they faced another dilemma when the robot stopped in front of an Emergency Exit door, and they had to trust the robot whether to open it or not Results showed individuals did not overtrust the robot and open the Emergency Exit door. Interestingly, most individuals demurred from entering the private common room when packages were not labeled, whereas groups of friends were more likely to enter the room. Then, selective attention was demonstrated by stopping participants in front of a similar Emergency Exit door and assessing whether they noticed it In one condition, only half of participants noticed it, and when the robot became more engaging no one noticed it. Additionally, a malfunctioning robot is exhibited, showing what kind of negative outcome was required to reduce trust.
Measurement and Statistical Modeling of the Urban Heat Island of the City of Utrecht (the Netherlands)

AbstractMobile temperature and humidity measurements have been performed along a 14-km transect through the city of Utrecht, in the Netherlands (311 000 inhabitants), during the period March 2006–January 2009. The measurements took place on a bicycle during commuter traffic and resulted in 106 nighttime profiles (before sunrise) and 77 daytime (afternoon) profiles. It is shown how the intensity of the urban heat island depends on wind direction, cloudiness, and wind speed. Statistical models are constructed that relate the mean and maximum nighttime urban heat island intensity profiles to area-averaged sky-view factors and land use combined at both the micro- and local scales. Sky-view factors are estimated from a 0.5 m × 0.5 m surface elevation database, and land use is obtained from a 25 m × 25 m land-use database. The models are calibrated using the mobile measurements and provide estimates of the spatial distribution of the mean and maximum nighttime urban heat island intensity in Utrecht. Both models.
Experimental Study of the Microhardness and Microstructure of a Copper Specimen Using the Taylor Impact Test

One commonly used method for characterizing the dynamic characteristics of materials is the Taylor impact test. This method measures the dynamic yield strength of cylindrical specimens and determines material model constants required for the numerical simulation of the behavior of materials subjected to high-velocity deformation. The purpose of this work is to investigate the microhardness and microstructure of copper specimens at different impact velocities using the Taylor impact test. This paper describes experiments performed on copper specimens (OFHC 99.9%, M1) using a single-stage light-gas gun with impact velocities in the range of 150–450 m/s. After impact, the specimens were cut along the symmetry axis to measure the microhardness and the grain size of the microstructure. Microhardness in the entire area exceeded the initial value for all investigated velocities. The averaged microhardness curves were obtained for each specimen to identify four deformation zones and determine their dimensions depending on the impact velocity. The average grain size in the entire deformed specimen became smaller than in the starting specimen. The study of the microstructure of the specimens has shown that the grain size distribution corresponds to the four deformation zones in the copper specimens.