Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prevention and management strategies for neonatal chronic lung disease

ABSTRACT Introduction Survival from even very premature birth is improving, but long-term respiratory morbidity following neonatal chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)) has not reduced. Affected infants may require supplementary oxygen at home, because they have more hospital admissions particularly due to viral infections and frequent, troublesome respiratory symptoms requiring treatment. Furthermore, adolescents and adults who had BPD have poorer lung function and exercise capacity. Areas covered Antenatal and postnatal preventative strategies and management of infants with BPD. A literature review was undertaken using PubMed and Web of Science. Expert opinion There are effective preventative strategies which include caffeine, postnatal corticosteroids, vitamin A, and volume guarantee ventilation. Side-effects, however, have appropriately caused clinicians to reduce use of systemically administered corticosteroids to infants only at risk of severe BPD. Promising preventative strategies which need further research are surfactant with budesonide, less invasive surfactant administration (LISA), neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) and stem cells. The management of infants with established BPD is under-researched and should include identifying the optimum form of respiratory support on the neonatal unit and at home and which infants will most benefit in the long term from pulmonary vasodilators, diuretics, and bronchodilators.
Lower prevalence of anti‐HTLV‐1 as expected by previous models among first‐time blood donors in Japan

An estimated 1.08 million carriers of human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1) were living in Japan in 2006–2007. Since that study, new data on horizontal infection, nationwide antenatal screening for anti‐HTLV‐1 in pregnant women, and social educational campaigns on HTLV‐1 infection have emerged in Japan. To estimate the current number of HTLV‐1 carriers in Japan, confirmed HTLV‐1 infections among first‐time blood donors in 2020–2021 from across Japan were investigated. Age‐, sex‐ and geographic area‐specific information associated with HTLV‐1 antibody detection was evaluated. Data obtained were compared with predictions based on 2006–2007 data, considering a birth cohort effect that assumed lifelong maintenance of seropositivity. HTLV‐1 seroprevalence in women was almost equivalent to that in men. The prevalence in men was similar to that predicted from 2006 to 2007 data. In contrast, the prevalence in women was lower in all age strata than that predicted by each birth cohort. The estimate for the entirety of Japan was 534 000 carriers from measured prevalence, whereas that from the birth cohort effect‐adjusted prevalence was 658 000. The number of HTLV‐1 carriers in Japan was estimated to have decreased by approximately 40% during the past 14 years.
Field-induced reorientation of the spin helix in MnSi near T c

The chiral spin fluctuations and the spiral structure of the single crystal MnSi has been studied by small angle polarized neutron scattering near T{sub c}=29 K under applied field. A weak magnetic field applied along one of the axes produces a single domain sample with the helix wave vector along the field. The 90 degree sign reorientation of the spin spiral from the [111] axis to [110] axis is observed in the field range from 130 to 180 mT in the close vicinity to T{sub c}. Further increase of the field above 180 mT restores the original orientation of the helix and leads to the induced ferromagnetic state at 350 mT. This observation clarifies the nature of the structural spin instability found in the H-T phase diagram of MnSi by other techniques. We explain this phenomenon as a result of competition of cubic anisotropy and the spin-wave Bose condensation provoked by the field perpendicular to the helix axis.
Evaluation of HER-2 positive breast cancer treated with dual-targeted treatment of trastuzumab plus pertuzumab

Abstract Objective: Clinical studies have shown that trastuzumab combined with pertuzumab (dual-targeted drug therapy) can significantly improve the treatment status and prognosis of HER-2 positive breast cancer patients through double targeting of HER-2. This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with pertuzumab in the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer. Method: We search relevant databases and collect RCTs on the treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer with dual-targeted treatment. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.4 software. Results: A total of 10 studies for 8553 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that, in terms of efficacy, overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.29–1.53, p < 0.00001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.28–1.46, p < 0.00001) in dual-targeted drug therapy were better than which in the single-targeted drug group. In terms of safety, the highest incidence (Relative risk, RR) of Adverse reactions was Infections and infestations (RR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.24–1.77, p < 0.0001) follow by Nervous system disorders (RR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.12–1.50, p = 0.0006), Gastrointestinal disorders (RR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.18–1.32, p < 0.0001), Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders (RR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.01–1.46, p = 0.04), Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.06–1.22, p = 0.0002) and General disorders (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.04–1.25, p = 0.004) in dual-targeted drug therapy group. The incidence of Blood system disorder (RR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.84–1.06, p = 0.32) and Liver dysfunction (RR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.66–0.98, p = 0.03) was lower than that of the single targeted drug group. Conclusion: Dual-targeted treatment for HER-2-positive breast cancer can prolong the OS, PFS and improve the quality of patients’ life. Meanwhile, it also brings a higher medication risk, which requires a rational selection of drug symptomatic interventions.
What Was on the Parents’ Minds? Changes Over Time in Topics of Person-Centred Information for Mothers and Fathers of Children with Cancer

ABSTRACT Acquiring information about one’s child’s cancer diagnosis is a complex and ever-changing process, and parents’ needs change over time. As yet, we know little about what information parents require at different stages of their child’s illness. This paper is part of a larger randomized control trial studying the parent-centered information given to mothers and fathers. The aim of this paper was to describe the topics addressed in person-centered meetings between nurses and parents of children with cancer and how those changed over time. Using qualitative content analysis, we analyzed nurses’ written summaries of 56 meetings with 16 parents and then computed for each topic the percentage of parents who brought it up at any time during the intervention. The main categories were Child’s disease and treatment (addressed by 100% of parents), Consequences of treatment (88%), Emotional management for the child (75%), Emotional management for the parent (100%), Social life of the child (63%), and Social life of the parent (100%). Different topics were addressed at different points in time, and fathers raised more concerns about the child’s emotional management and the consequences of treatment than mothers. This paper suggests that parental information demands change over time and differ between fathers and mothers, implying that information should be person-centered. Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02332226).
Communicating Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Contamination to the Public Through Personal Relevance

It is important to understand people’s risk perception to identify effective pathways for risk communication about per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) because they present emerging environmental health risks. Guided by dual-process theories of information processing, this study focuses on personal relevance as a key variable that influences risk perception, systematic processing, and information seeking intention. Through an experimental survey, we found that participants in the high personal relevance condition (n = 497) were more likely to process information systematically compared to those in the low personal relevance condition (n = 486). Results also revealed that personal relevance influenced systematic processing through risk judgment and emotional response. Message-specific systematic processing was positively associated with information seeking intention. Lastly, trust in government and trust in science had different relationships with systematic processing, demonstrating the importance of distinguishing different types of institutional trust in future research.
Conserved reduction of m6A RNA modifications during aging and neurodegeneration is linked to changes in synaptic transcripts

Significance The precise role of m6A RNA methylation in the adult brain is not well understood. In our study, we describe the genome-wide m6A epitranscriptome in the healthy and diseased brains of mice and humans. Our data demonstrate that a substantial amount of m6A transcripts are conserved. These transcripts are linked to the regulation of synaptic processes and are localized to synapses. We detected decreased m6A RNA methylation in brain tissue from an AD mice model and in human brain tissue from the cingulate gyrus in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. At the mechanistic level, we provide evidence that supports that reduced m6A-modified transcripts are linked to impaired synaptic protein synthesis.
Contrast enhancement improves the representation of /ɛ/-like vowels in the hearing-impaired auditory nerve

This study examines the neural representation of the vowel /ɛ/ in the auditory nerve of acoustically traumatized cats and asks whether spectral modifications of the vowel can restore a normal neural representation. Four variants of /ɛ/, which differed primarily in the frequency of the second formant (F2), were used as stimuli. Normally, the rate-place code provides a robust representation of F2 for these vowels, in the sense that rate changes encode changes in F2 frequency [Conley and Keilson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 3223 (1995)]. This representation is lost after acoustic trauma [Miller et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 311 (1999)]. Here it is shown that an improved representation of the F2 frequency can be gained by a form of high-frequency emphasis that is determined by both the hearing-loss profile and the spectral envelope of the vowel. Essentially, the vowel was high-pass filtered so that the F2 and F3 peaks were amplified without amplifying frequencies in the trough between F1 and F2. This modification improved the quality of the rate and temporal tonotopic representations of the vowel and restored sensitivity to the F2 frequency. Although a completely normal representation was not restored, this method shows promise as an approach to hearing-aid signal processing.
Low rates of neurological abnormalities in patients with pigmentary mosaicism: A retrospective cohort study from a tertiary dermatology center

Pigmentary mosaicism (PM) is a descriptive term encompassing a range of hyper‐ and hypo‐pigmented phenotypes in various patterns. Information from the neurology literature initially noted neurological abnormalities (NA) in up to 90% of children with PM. The dermatology literature suggests lower associated rates (15%–30%) of NA. Variations in terminology, inclusion criteria, and small population sizes makes interpreting existing PM literature complicated. We aimed to assess rates of NA in children presenting to dermatology with PM.
Risk factors for impaired respiratory function post COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study of nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients

Severe COVID‐19 increases the risk for long‐term respiratory impairment, but data after mild COVID‐19 are scarce. Our aims were to determine risk factors for reduced respiratory function 3–6 months after COVID‐19 infection and to investigate if reduced respiratory function would relate to impairment of exercise performance and breathlessness.
Impact of advanced footwear technology on elite men’s in the evolution of road race performance

ABSTRACT Advanced footwear technology (AFT) changed footwear design concepts by using a curved carbon fibre plate in combination with new, more compliant and resilient foams. The aim of this study was (1) to examine the individual effects of AFT on the evolution of the main road events and (2) to re-assess the impact of AFT on the world’s top-100 performance in men’s 10k, half-marathon and marathon events. Data from the top-100 men’s 10k, half-marathon and marathon performances were collected between 2015 and 2019. The shoes used by the athletes were identified in 93.1% of the cases by publicly available photographs. Runners wearing AFT had an average performance of 1671 ± 22.28 s compared to 1685 ± 18.97 s of runners not using AFT in 10k (0.83%) (p < 0.001), 3589 ± 29.79 s compared to 3607 ± 30.49 s in half-marathon (0.50%) (p < 0.001) and 7563 ± 86.10 s compared to 7637 ± 72.51 s in the marathon (0.97%) (p < 0.001). Runners wearing AFTs were faster by ~1% in the main road events compared to non-users. Individual analysis showed that ~25% of the runners did not benefit from the use of this type of footwear. The results of this study suggest that AFT has a clear positive impact on running performance in main road events.
Concentrations of glucose metabolites in the aqueous humour of diabetic cataract eyes

Purpose Glucose metabolism underpins diabetic cataracts (DCs), but the relationship between the two remains unclear. Here, we tested the aqueous humour (AH) of patients with DCs to elucidate glucose metabolite levels. Methods In this study, aqueous humour (AH) samples were collected preoperatively from DC eyes (n = 37) and age-related cataract eyes (n = 37) from 74 patients (74 eyes) undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery. The content of glucose, pyruvate, L-lactate were detected by biochemical methods and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was detemined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Furthermore, the ratios of glucose/pyruvate and L-lactate/pyruvate in the AH were calculated. In addition, we calculated the correlation between glucose levels and AGEs in the AH. Results The concentrations of glucose, pyruvate and AGEs in the DC group were higher than those in the control group. Significantly lower levels of L-lactate in the AH were found in the DC group. We calculated the glucose/pyruvate ratio and the L-lactate/pyruvate ratio in the AH, which showed that glucose metabolism was changed in the AH from DC patients. Interestingly, we observed that AGEs in the AH were significantly correlated with increased anterior chamber glucose permeability. A stronger correlation was found in the subgroups of male patients, younger patients, and patients with poor glycaemic control status. Conclusions Comparison of the levels of glucose metabolism-related products in the AH in the DC group highlight a potential pathological mechanism for DC from a glucose metabolism perspective. The findings indicated an alteration in the metabolic pathways of energy metabolism and amino acids in the AH of DC patients.
Scale Considerations in Using Vague Quantifiers.

The responses to many survey questions are often made in terms of vague quantifiers such as very often or occasionally. However, we know little about the scale characteristics of such quantifiying terms. This paper reviews the literature on the use of frequency expressions as questionnaire anchor points. Data are presented which suggest that the popularly used five-point response category set of always, often, occasionally, seldom, and never is not intervally scaled. Utilizing data obtained through ratio estimation, an approximately equal interval measurement scale is developed for a five-point response category set.
Short-Period Light Variation of an Eclipsing Binary System: RZ Cassiopeiae

The eclipsing binary system RZ Cas is known to exhibit variation in its light curves at the primary minimum, usually showing a partial-eclipse–type curve but sometimes indicating a flat minimum, which is evidence for a total eclipse. We observed RZ Cas not only during the primary eclipse, but also during the out-of-eclipse phase, and we have found a short-period light variation with a frequency of 62.20 cycles day-1 (period of 23.15 minutes), whose maximum amplitude is 0.02 mag. This short-period variation can modulate the shape of the light curve at the primary minimum effectively. The brightness-color relationship of the short-period variation suggests a δ Scuti type oscillation.
Effectiveness of different vaccine platforms in reducing mortality and length of ICU stay in severe and critical cases of COVID‐19 in the Omicron variant era: A national cohort study in Iran

Various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines with different platforms have been administered worldwide; however, their effectiveness in critical cases of COVID‐19 has remained a concern. In this national cohort study, 24 016 intensive care unit (ICU) coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) admissions were included from January to April 2022. The mortality and length of ICU stay were compared between the vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. A total of 9428 (39.25%) patients were unvaccinated, and 14 588 (60.75%) patients had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Compared with the unvaccinated, the first, second, and third doses of vaccine resulted in 8%, 20%, and 33% lower risk of ICU mortality in the adjusted model, with risk ratio (RR): 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.001, RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83, and RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.64–0.71, respectively. The mean survival time was significantly shorter in the unvaccinated versus the fully vaccinated patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.80–0.88); p < 0.001). All vaccine platforms successfully decreased the hazard of ICU death compared with the unvaccinated group. The duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the fully vaccinated than in unvaccinated group (MD, −0.62, 95% CI: −0.82 to −0.42; p < 0.001). Since COVID‐19 vaccination in all doses and platforms has been able to reduce the risk of mortality and length of ICU‐stay, universal vaccination is recommended based on vaccine availability.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Injection Site Histopathology in Nude Mice Treated with Long-acting Buprenorphine Formulations.

Two long-acting formulations of buprenorphine are commercially available as analgesics for rodents. However, these drugs have not yet been studied in nude mice. We sought to investigate whether the manufacturer-recommended or labeled mouse doses of either drug would provide and sustain the purported therapeutic plasma concentration of buprenorphine (1 ng/mL) over 72 h in nude mice and to characterize the injection site histopathology. NU/NU nude and NU/+ heterozygous mice were subcutaneously injected with extended-release buprenorphine polymeric formulation (ER; 1 mg/kg), extended-release buprenorphine suspension (XR; 3.25 mg/kg), or saline (2.5 mL/kg). Plasma concentrations of buprenorphine were measured 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after injection. The injection site was examined histologically at 96 h after administration. XR dosing yielded significantly higher plasma buprenorphine concentrations than did ER dosing at every time point in both nude and heterozygous mice. No significant difference in plasma buprenorphine concentrations were detected between nude and heterozygous mice. Both formulations yielded plasma levels of buprenorphine of over 1 ng/mL at 6 h; XR sustained buprenorphine plasma levels above 1 ng/mL for over 48 h, whereas ER sustained this level for over 6 h. Injections sites of both formulations were characterized by a cystic lesion with a fibrous/fibroblastic capsule. ER induced more inflammatory infiltrates than did XR. This study indicates that while both XR and ER are suitable for use in nude mice, XR has a longer duration of likely therapeutic plasma levels and induces less subcutaneous inflammation at the injection site.
Limiting real interpolation methods for arbitrary Banach couples

We study limiting K- and J-methods for arbitrary Banach couples. They are related by duality and they extend the methods already known in the ordered case. We investigate the behaviour of compact operators and we also discuss the representation of the methods by means of the corresponding dual functional. Finally, some examples of limiting function spaces are given.
Emergency unit capacity in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey

Introduction Emergency medicine (EM) is a growing field in Sub-Saharan Africa. Characterising the current capacity of hospitals to provide emergency care is important in identifying gaps and future directions of growth. This study aimed to characterise the ability of emergency units (EU) to provide emergency care in the Kilimanjaro region in Northern Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at 11 hospitals with emergency care capacity in three districts in the Kilimanjaro region of Northern Tanzania assessed in May 2021. An exhaustive sampling approach was used, whereby all hospitals within the three-district area were surveyed. Hospital representatives were surveyed by two EM physicians using the Hospital Emergency Assessment tool developed by the WHO; data were analysed in Excel and STATA. Results All hospitals provided emergency services 24 hours a day. Nine had a designated area for emergency care, four had a core of fixed providers assigned to the EU, two lacked a protocol for systematic triage. For Airway and Breathing interventions, oxygen administration was adequate in 10 hospitals, yet manual airway manoeuvres were only adequate in six and needle decompression in two. For Circulation interventions, fluid administration was adequate in all facilities, yet intraosseous access and external defibrillation were each only available in two. Only one facility had an ECG readily available in the EU and none was able to administer thrombolytic therapy. For trauma interventions, all facilities could immobilise fractures, yet lacked interventions such as cervical spinal immobilisation and pelvic binding. These deficiencies were primarily due to lack of training and resources. Conclusion Most facilities perform systematic triage of emergency patients, though major gaps were found in the diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome and initial stabilisation manoeuvres of patients with trauma. Resource limitations were primarily due to equipment and training deficiencies. We recommend the development of future interventions in all levels of facilities to improve the level of training.
QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF STRATOSPHERIC MIXING PROCESSES BY MEANS OF LONG LIVED RADON DECAY PRODUCTS.

A model of tracer transport process in the meridional plane of lower stratosphere is briefly outlined and the corresponding partial differential equation for tracer concentration is deduced. For the long lived radon daughters RaD(Pb 210 ) and RaF(Po 210 ) in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere such equations can be simplified to one dimensional stationary form, describing the quasivertical transport of these isotopes. The mean values of quasivertical velocity and turbulent diffusion coefficient in the lower stratosphere of different latitudes of Northern Hemisphere are estimated by comparison of last equation solutions with the published results of aircraft measurements of RaD and RaF concentration in 1961 and 1962. These estimated values agree with the known qualitative ideas on latitudinal and seasonal changes of the stratospheric mixing intensity. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1966. tb00245.x