Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of corporate social responsibility on SMEs’ performance in emerging market

Abstract Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a growing issue in emerging markets. This study aims to evaluate the impact of CSR on firms’ performance by exploring the role of mediating variables such as corporate reputation (CR) and customers’ purchasing intention (CPI). We use the quantitative technique of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques to analyze the data of the small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) from the Southern Vietnam in 2020. The findings suggest a positive and significant impact of corporate/ social responsibility on firms’ performance through mediating role of CR and CPI. This study contributes to the literature on corporate social responsibility and firms’ performance of SMEs in the emerging country context. The outcomes of this study can be used by entrepreneurs, top management as an attempt to boost the performance of the SMEs in emerging markets by applying CSR measures for sustainable competitive advantage. A mediating role of corporate reputation (CR) and customers’ purchasing intention (CPI) as a value-added contribution to this study.
Women Veterans after Transition to Civilian Life: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

ABSTRACT Women are important contributors in the United States military yet historically struggle for equality and equity. As women’s military service increases, literature has failed to keep up with the changes which affect women service members and veterans, especially civilian life transitions. Through a feminist framework, the current study explored the experiences of four women veterans who transitioned to civilian life utilizing interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze semi-structured interviews. Connected by gender, seven superordinate themes emerged: family support, mandatory conformity, identity, service, gender inequality, symptoms, and opportunities. The findings indicated that military life and transition negatively impacted these women veterans’ mental, physical, and social well-being. In contribution to the gap in current literature, the authors discuss implications for research, clinicians, society, and the military.
Ocular disorders in children exposed in utero to buprenorphine

ABSTRACT Objective: The national prevalence of pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) increased from 1.5 per 1,000 delivery hospitalizations in 1999 to 6.5 in 2014. Relatively little is known about post infancy outcomes in children exposed to buprenorphine during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of strabismus and reduced visual acuity in children exposed to buprenorphine during pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective matched cohort study of 153 exposed infants and 153 unexposed infants matched on demographic characteristics. Results: Exploratory modeling found exposure to buprenorphine during pregnancy (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: (1.26, 9.94); p < . 02), exposure to cigarettes during pregnancy (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: (1.09, 10.2); p < . 04) and male gender (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: (1.01, 7.12); p < . 05) were all associated with an increased risk of strabismus. Of the variables analyzed, only cigarette exposure was associated with an increased risk of reduced visual acuity (OR = 4.48; 95% CI: (1.50, 13.4); p < . 01) and there was a dose-response relationship. Conclusions: While further study is needed, pediatric providers caring for infants born exposed to buprenorphine and/or maternal smoking during pregnancy should closely follow eye health of children in their early years and be aware that the presentation of strabismus may be subtle.
Inconsistent effects of agricultural practices on soil fungal communities across 12 European long‐term experiments

Cropping practices have a great potential to improve soil quality through changes in soil biota. Yet the effects of these soil‐improving cropping systems on soil fungal communities are not well known. Here, we analysed soil fungal communities using standardized measurements in 12 long‐term experiments and 20 agricultural treatments across Europe. We were interested in whether the same practices (i.e., tillage, fertilization, organic amendments and cover crops) applied across different sites have predictable and repeatable effects on soil fungal communities and guilds. The fungal communities were very variable across sites located in different soil types and climatic regions. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were the fungal guild with most unique species in individual sites, whereas plant pathogenic fungi were most shared between the sites. The fungal communities responded to the cropping practices differently in different sites and only fertilization showed a consistent effect on AMF and plant pathogenic fungi, whereas the responses to tillage, cover crops and organic amendments were site, soil and crop‐species specific. We further show that the crop yield is negatively affected by cropping practices aimed at improving soil health. Yet, we show that these practices have the potential to change the fungal communities and that change in plant pathogenic fungi and in AMF is linked to the yield. We further link the soil fungal community and guilds to soil abiotic characteristics and reveal that especially Mn, K, Mg and pH affect the composition of fungi across sites. In summary, we show that fungal communities vary considerably between sites and that there are no clear directional responses in fungi or fungal guilds across sites to soil‐improving cropping systems, but that the responses vary based on soil abiotic conditions, crop type and climatic conditions.
Post-degree clinical supervision for licensure: Occurrence of inadequate and harmful experiences among counselors

ABSTRACT We assessed the occurrence of inadequate and harmful clinical supervision experienced by supervisees engaged in post-degree supervision for licensure. Among 310 supervisees receiving post-degree supervision for licensure in 16 jurisdictions in the US, we found that 77.7% were currently receiving inadequate supervision and 30% were currently receiving harmful supervision – using supervisee-protective approach, 62.3% were currently receiving harmful supervision. Supervisees often failed to identify inadequate and harmful supervision as such. We also found that the use of supervision contracts was inversely related to the occurrence of inadequate supervision. Considering these and other findings, we offer implications for supervisees and supervisors.
Optimal Bundling Strategy for a Retail Platform Under Agency Selling

Bundling strategies have been widely adopted by online retail platforms that use agency selling, where suppliers pay a commission fee to the platform to gain access and sell directly to consumers. We study the optimal bundling strategy for a retail platform through which two independent suppliers distribute their products. The suppliers first set their product prices, and, subsequently, the platform decides whether to offer the two products as a bundle and, if so, the price of the bundled product. By analyzing a two‐stage Stackelberg game, we find that the platform adopts the bundling strategy only when the commission rate and the product prices are sufficiently high. The existence of the bundling option does not affect the suppliers’ optimal pricing decisions if the product costs are either above a high threshold or below a low threshold. However, the suppliers may strategically raise the retail prices to induce the platform to offer bundled products when the marginal costs are in the medium range. The strategic interaction between the platform and suppliers leads to interesting insights into the bundling problem. For example, the retail platform may not prefer a high commission rate (i.e., a greater bargaining power) if the platform has the option to provide the bundled product. Additionally, the platform having even the possibility of bundling may hurt the platform's profit, but it always benefits the suppliers.
Plasmonic Effect on the Magneto-Optical Property of Monolayer WS2 Studied by Polarized-Raman Spectroscopy

In recent years, the magneto-optical properties of two-dimensional transition metal disulfides have attracted more and more attention due to their further device applications in spintronics and valleytronics. However, to our knowledge, the plasmonic effect on the magneto-optical properties of WS2 has not been studied. In this work, monolayer WS2 transferred on SiO2/Si substrate and Au film were investigated respectively using polarized-Raman spectroscopy at 4 K under different magnetic fields. Prominent magnetic field–induced variations in the Raman intensities of WS2 samples were observed, which also exhibited significant differences in the spectral evolution versus magnetic field. The resonance magnetic field was 5 T and 5.5 T for the WS2 on SiO2/Si substrate and Au film, respectively. Remarkably, the magneto-optical Raman intensities of A1′ and 2LA(M) modes for WS2 on Au film were reduced to approximately 60% compared with that of WS2 on SiO2/Si. These results suggest that the plasmonic effect–induced charge transfer plays an important role in the magneto-optical Raman effect of WS2.
Optimal Tracking Performance Analysis of MIMO Control Systems Under Multiple Constraints

This article is concerned with the optimal tracking performance on linear time-invariant (LTI) discrete-time multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) systems based on quantization, channel noise, and encoding–decoding, as well as bandwidth constraints. Meanwhile, power constraint, feedback and feedforward loops constraints of the systems are also taken into account. The tracking performance expression is described by inner–outer factorization, which is obtained by all stabilizing two-degree-of-freedom compensators. The results will illustrate that tracking performance limitation is decided by nonminimum phase zeros and unstable poles of the given plant. Moreover, time delay, encoding–decoding, channel noise, quantization, and bandwidth constraints also impact the performance. The accuracy of the method is verified by simulation examples.
ARTHROPODS COMMUNITY ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSIC NUT (JATROPHA CURCAS L.) IN DRY LANDS (A CASE STUDY IN SUDAN)

Jatropha curcas L. is a multipurpose shrub of significant economic importance for its potential economic and medicinal uses. As a shrub; Jatropha sp is an indigenous plant inhabited many parts in Sudan states such as central, eastern and western states. As a promising plant, Jatropha curcas L. has been grown in El Rawakeeb Dry land Research Station for economic and environmental purposes. A field study was conducted at El Rawakeeb Dry land Research Station during October – December 2012 to evaluate arthropods diversity in association with Jatropha curcas L. The study included identification and quantification of arthropods using three extraction methods: (Hand sorting, Pit fall trap and butter fly net). The three methods revealed1169 individuals identified into 2 classes (Insecta and Arachnida) 12 orders, and18 families. Statistical analysis of data showed that members of class Insecta dominated the obtained fauna. At order level members of orders Thysanura, Odonata, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera were most dominant whereas, one order of class Arachnida (i.e. Araneae) was obtained. These results could be ascribed to the ability of insects to withstand different environmental conditions. Within the class Insecta; order Hymenoptera dominated the other orders followed by Isoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Simpson's diversity index obtained showed high arthropods diversity (0.6). The higher index of diversity is due to the positive impact of Jatropha curcas L. cultivation in this dry area which works on returned back of some disappeared species due to the drought which hit the area in the eighties of the lastcentury.
A Physically Based Model for Preferential Water Flow and Solute Transport in Drained Agricultural Fields

Preferential water flow and associated solute transport in agricultural soils may influence the quality of groundwater and surface waters like streams and lakes. This is due to the rapid transport of agrochemicals, immediately after application, through subsurface drainpipes and surface water. Multiple field experiments attribute this to the occurrence of continuously connected pathways, called here biopores, connecting the soil surface directly with the drainpipes. We developed a physically based model describing preferential flow and transport in biopores directly connecting the upper soil layers with the drainpipes or deeper layers of the soil matrix. Based on field investigations, biopores with specific characteristics can be parameterized as classes with different vertical and horizontal distributions. Water flow and solute transport in biopores are described with a simple mass balance approach assuming instantaneous movement. The model was tested against experimental data from a column experiment with an artificial biopore and showed good results in simulating biopore flow initiation dynamics. However, further field and laboratory experiments are needed to validate the model across the soil profile. We illustrate the performance of the new approach, by conducting five theoretical simulations assuming a two‐dimensional simulation domain with different biopore parametrizations, from none to several different classes. The simulation results agreed with experimental observations reported in the literature, indicating rapid transport from the soil to the drainpipes. Furthermore, the different biopore parametrizations resulted in distinctly different leaching patterns, raising the expectation that biopore properties could be estimated or constrained based on observed leaching data and direct measurements.
Analysis of factors affecting volatile compound formation in roasted pumpkin seeds with selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS)

ii Practical Applications . iii Acknowledgements . v Vita . vi List of Tables . x List of Figures . xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 3 2.1 Pumpkin Seed Background . 3 2.1. 2 Pumpkin Seed Components . 4 2.2 Flavor . 5 2.2.1 History of the Study of Flavor . 5 2.2.2 Heat Induced Flavor Reactions. 6 2.2.3 Pumpkin Seed Flavor . 8 2.3 Maillard Browning Volatiles . 9 2.3. 1 Strecker Aldehydes . 9
Leadership Styles and Labor-Market Conditions

Why do some leaders use praise as a means to motivate workers, while other leaders use social punishment? This paper develops a simple economic model to examine how leadership styles depend on the prevailing labor-market conditions for workers. We show that the existence of a binding wage floor for workers (e.g., due to trade union wage bargaining, minimum-wage legislation, or limited-liability protection) can make it attractive for firms to hire a leader who makes use of social punishment. While the use of social punishments generally is socially inefficient, it lessens the need for high bonus pay, which allows the firm to extract rents from the worker. In contrast, firms hire leaders who provide praise to workers only if it is socially efficient to do so. Credible use of leadership styles requires either repeated interaction or a leader with the right social preferences. In a single-period setting, only moderately altruistic leaders use praise as a motivation tool, whereas only moderately spiteful leaders use social punishment. Lastly, we show that when the leaders' and workers' reservation utilities give rise to a bigger income gap between leaders and workers, attracting spiteful leaders becomes relatively less costly and unfriendly leadership becomes more prevalent.
Schedule Thinning During Functional Communication Training in the Home for Young Children With Autism

Functional communication training (FCT) is a common function-based intervention for young children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to teach an alternative communicative response to replace problem behavior. While FCT is effective in decreasing problem behavior, often the communicative behavior that is taught occurs at a higher rate than a caregiver can reinforce. For this study, we first examined the effectiveness of an FCT intervention to decrease problem behavior and increase appropriate communication. The intervention was based on a trial-based functional analysis (TBFA) conducted in the home. Next, we applied two approaches for thinning the schedule of reinforcement (i.e., delay to reinforcement and chained schedules) following the FCT. For all three young children (ages 3–5 years) with or at risk for ASD, at least one function of behavior was identified for each participant using TBFA and the subsequent FCT intervention led to a decrease in problem behavior and increase in functional communication. The procedure for thinning the schedule was selected based on the function of the behavior and results showed that both were successful in maintaining low levels of problem behavior following FCT. Implications for research and practice are discussed and suggestions for future research studies are presented.
Young Teenagers’ Views Regarding Residential Care in Portugal and Spain: A Qualitative Study

Research on residential care has been well established in the literature. Nonetheless, research drawing from the actual experiences of adolescents is relatively scarce. A qualitative study was designed highlighting the voices of children, analysing their fostering experience, interpersonal relationships, their participation in daily decisions, and future aspirations. The sample included 33 early adolescents in residential care aged 12–14 in Portugal (n = 17) and Spain (n = 16). Results showed that there was agreement in terms of the importance given to education, their satisfaction with the material conditions of residential centre, and their dissatisfaction concerning matters of individuality, autonomy, participation, and socialization.
A Discrete Choice Experimental Approach to Understand Sports Event Tourists’ In-Stadium Beer Consumption Preferences

While drinking beer is an important component of sports event tourists’ ceremonial behaviors, there is surprisingly limited information regarding what features of beer service offerings at professional sporting events are most preferred. Using a sample of sports event tourists attending South Korean professional baseball games, the main purpose of this study is to provide an opportunity for improved knowledge regarding how spectators show their willingness to pay for in-stadium beer services. Applying a discrete choice experiment, we also intend to identify spectators’ heterogeneous preference systems, which vary depending on their levels of everyday alcohol use. Results suggest that respondents place great importance on serving temperatures and waiting time in line for purchasing beer at concession stands. The two drinker groups segmented based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores show different tastes for beer services. Several management implications are discussed to improve in-stadium entertainment and prevent alcohol-fueled misbehaviors.
The Harmful Effects of Denial: When Political Polarization meets COVID-19 Social Distancing

This work uses anonymized geolocation data from 60 million mobile phone users in Brazil to quantify the impact of coronavirus lockdown measures on social distancing. The results confirm that the current share of the population staying home is lower than the target set by the public authorities to combat the spread of COVID-19. Using difference-in-difference and panel data regression to evaluate the determinants of social distancing, this paper confirms a statistically significant association between political support for Bolsonaro and social distancing. Since the Brazilian president is urging the population to ignore the COVID-19 “hysteria” and get back to a normal routine, the impact of social distancing rules on the circulation of people is lower at a statistically significant level in municipalities with a higher share of Bolsonaro voters. Este trabajo utiliza datos anonimizados de geolocalizacion de 60 millones de usuarios de telefonos moviles en Brasil para cuantificar el impacto de las medidas estatales de confinamiento (lockdown) por el coronavirus en el distanciamiento social. Los resultados confirman que la proporcion actual de la poblacion que permanece en el hogar es inferior al objetivo fijado por las autoridades publicas para combatir la propagacion del COVID-19. Utilizando los metodos de diferencia-en-diferencia y de regresion de los datos de panel para evaluar los determinantes del distanciamiento social, este estudio confirma una asociacion estadisticamente significativa entre el apoyo politico a Bolsonaro y el distanciamiento social. Dado que el presidente brasileno esta instando a la poblacion a ignorar la “histeria” alrededor del COVID-19 y a volver a la rutina normal, el impacto de las reglas de distanciamiento social en la circulacion de las personas es menor y estadisticamente significativo en los municipios con una mayor proporcion de votantes por Bolsonaro.
The Prognostic Value of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring by Combining Somatosensory- and Motor-Evoked Potentials for Thoracic Spinal Decompression Surgery in Patients with Neurological Deficit

One hundred twenty patients underwent thoracic spinal decompression surgery. They were divided into: neither SEPs nor MEP deteriorated -. Simply MEP deteriorated -, SEPs and MEP deteriorated -. The first group had the best JOA recovery ratio and muscle strength. It is more accurate to record SEPs at T4 time point to predict the patient's prognosis. Study Design. Retrospective study. Objective. To explore a relation between somatosensory- and motor-evoked potential (SEPs, MEPs) and corresponding thoracic cord function for thoracic spinal decompression surgery (TSDS) in patients with neurological deficit. Summary of Background Data. Although SEPs and MEPs monitoring has been developed as an essential technique in spinal surgery. There are limited data on the reliability of using SEPs and MEPs for TSDS and its prognosis. Methods. One hundred twenty patients underwent TSDS in our hospital, 91 patients completed the trial. All the patients were divided into three subgroups according to the changes of MEPs and SEPs: neither SEPs nor MEP deteriorated -. Simply MEP deteriorated and both SEPs and MEP deteriorated -. Bispectral (BIS) was used to monitor the depth of sedation, which ranged from 40 to 60 by varying the infusion speed of anesthetics. The pre- and postoperative spinal function was assessed by muscle strength and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score at three time points:1) before surgery; 2) immediately after general anesthesia recovery; 3) after 3-month follow-up. Results. Sixty-nine cases showed neither SEPs nor MEP deteriorated -, 10 cases showed only MEP deteriorated, and 12 cases showed both SEPs and MEP deteriorated -. The patients in the group where neither SEPs nor MEP deteriorated had the best recovery of the extremity muscle strength, the shortest recovery time (8.10 ± 1.60, P < 0.05), and toe movement time (8.50 ± 1.60, P < 0.05). There is a strong correlation between SEPs variability ratio at T4 time point and JOA recovery ratio (JOA RR) in the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion. Combined SEPs and MEPs monitoring are important for TSDS in patients with neurological deficit and it is helpful for evaluating postoperative prognosis. It is more accurate to record SEPs at T4 time point to predict the patients’ prognosis. Level of Evidence: 3