Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broadening Relevance: The Polemic Property of Concepts in Metaphorical Language

The lexical pragmatic processes that relevance theory heavily relies on to account for communication are problematic. Broadening and narrowing no longer seem suitable to explain how “conceptual” meanings are modified in the comprehension processes if considering recent developments around the concept definitions and how the mind works. Using theoretical suggestions in psycholinguistics to shed light on the issue raised, the paper makes two main suggestions. Firstly, the account of concepts in relevance theory should be reconsidered to allow for more flexibility. An account of metaphors based on pragmatic adjustment of one of its constituents under the influence of another, as well as contextual assumption, does not seem a viable mental process involved in metaphor comprehension since it should not only allow flexibility of semantic associations but also a reconsideration of concepts as entities and encyclopaedical information as mere conceptual characteristics. Secondly, more cultural awareness and influence should be integrated into the relevance theoretical account of meaning since cultural traits are often considered by speakers in reaching relevance. Moreover, pre-existing conceptual knowledge varies greatly between individuals and thus the comprehension of metaphor should no longer be treated as a static process but rather a highly dynamic one.
Road Network Analysis for Ambulance Transportation Service Using Geographical Information System (GIS): A Case of Arada Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Optimum utilization of time after an accident which is golden hour serves as a measure of effectiveness of ambulance service management system to reduce the loss of life and property. This paper presents a case study on Arada sub-city which is the oldest of all sub-cities located in the central part of the capital Addis Ababa with 11.56 Km2 area wide. Its population, which is around 212,009, is highly dense and its spread of population density is about 18340 people per Km2. In the study area, the existing road network condition is not developing in line with the population growth. Accordingly, at time of disaster, the responsiveness rate of efficient ambulance transportation services to the right target area is low and unsatisfactory to level of customer’s satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct road network analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment for the betterment of ambulance transportation service in the sub city. A detail GIS database of the road network, ambulance location, accident locations and hospitals was prepared using Arc GIS software with the extension of network analyst. In this study, one ambulance station, three accident locations and six hospitals were used to compute 1, 2 & 4 minutes service area and best route analyses. The impedance value 1, 2 & 4 minute corresponds to very urgent, moderate urgent and low urgent service areas respectively. In very urgent service area domain about 33% of health centres are found whereas in moderate and low urgent service area domains about 65% and 100% of health centers are found respectively. This implies that, the current option increases health center service area domains by 34% from the existing approach. Besides, the selected sample best routes of ambulance transportation service are computed in terms of travelling time in minutes and its fuel consumption in litters. Accordingly, the estimated travelling time of the selected sample best route is about 870/30482.20 and 1138.5/3772.16 minutes/ birrs annually. This implies that, the proposed study decreases a total travelling duration and cost by 268.5/723.96 minutes/ birr from the existing one. As a result, GIS-based ambulance transportation service proto type model was developed.
PERCEIVED EASE OF USE EFFECT ON PERCEIVED USEFULNESS AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS USE AND ITS IMPACT ON BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION TO USE

The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of perceived ease of use on perceived Usefulness and attitude towards use and its impact on behavioral intention to use. This research method is a quantitative and causal explanatory study. The sample type in this study is non-probability sampling or convenience sampling. The samples used in this study were BRI Corporate Cash Card user employees in all Branch Offices of PT Jasa Raharja (Persero), as many as 160 respondents. Data analysis techniques for this study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)-AMOS. The result of this study is: (1) Perceived Ease of Use has a significant effect on Perceived Usefulness (2) Perceived Ease of Use has a significant impact on Attitude towards Use (3) Perceived Usefulness has not a significant effect on Attitude towards Use (4) Attitude towards Use has a significant effect on Behavioural Intention to Use.
Examining Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Moderated Mediated Model

Despite various attempts to know the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), the findings are inconsistent and offer a varying degree of associations. The present study examines the underlying mechanism by hypothesizing impression management (IM) as a mediator to address the element of equivocality in the subject matter. Furthermore, it tests the moderating role of self-esteem (SE) on the impression management to counterproductive work behavior relationship. A representative sample of 398 employees was collected from different organizations of Pakistan. The results confirmed the intervening role of impression management between emotional intelligence and counterproductive work behavior. Furthermore, the employees high on self-esteem showed lesser tendencies to involve in counterproductive work behavior. Theoretical and practical implications have also been discussed.
Patient selection in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver transplantation is the best therapy for selected patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The worldwide incidence of the disease and the success of liver transplantation have produced a high demand, which has led different countries to adopt heterogeneous policies to allocate deceased donor livers for these patients. Even though tumor burden is the criteria with strongest evidence, there is continuous evolution of the interaction of factors that can improve the prediction of disease recurrence and long-term survival, such as tumor size, number of nodules, tumor volume, cancer-related symptoms, alpha fetoprotein serum level, imaging studies, pretransplant biopsy, response to liver-directed therapies and waiting time. In this manuscript, we summarize recent literature on the selection criteria of candidates with HCC undergoing liver transplant evaluation around the world. We review the evidence behind deceased donor liver allocation systems in different countries and the current role of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The largest studies come from United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and European databases, however, there is high-impact data coming from Eastern countries with high HCC incidence and high-volume transplant centers, such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea. Soon, a slow shift towards transplant survival benefit in combination with overall survival may be observed in the allocation policies around the world.
A simple solution-phase route for room-temperature synthesis of mesoporous and nanocrystalline anatase TiO2

ABSTRACT A simple solution-phase route to synthesize mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanocrystallites at room temperature was presented. TiO2 nanocrystallites were prepared via a unique hydrolysis of titanium complexes in the presence of H3BO3. The mean size of the as-obtained TiO2 nanocrystallite was in about 10 nm. They possess large surface area of 48.6 m2 g−1 and the dominant pore size of 4.3 nm. The effect of aging time on crystallinity was studied. For crystallization occurred at room temperature, the longer the aging time is, the greater the crystallinity is.
The Influence of Social Demographic Factors on the Use of Extended Post-Partum Family Planning Methods Among Post-Delivery Women in Tanzania

Extended Post-Partum Family Planning (EPPFP) refers to the prevention of unplanned and/or closely spaced pregnancies from six (6) weeks to 12 months period after childbirth. It is revealed that 61% of women in the world do not use effective contraception within 24 months postpartum to prevent unplanned pregnancy. This study examined the influence of social demographic factors on the use of Extended Post-Partum Family Planning (EPPFP) methods among post-delivery women from four selected health care facilities in Tanzania. 255 post-delivery women aged 15-49 years who delivered a child between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020 were subjected to a facility-based cross-section study design through convenience sampling. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20; multiple regression analyses were done to establish the relationships between social demographic factors and the use of Extended Post-Partum Family Planning (EPPFP) methods. It was found that there is a significant relationship between social demographic factors and the use of Extended Post-Partum Family Planning (EPPFP). The study recommends provision of family planning education to the community through mass and social media.
Students’ Perceptions about the Use of Minimalist Robotic Games in Geography Education

Recent trends show the number of students studying geography in upper secondary school is declining. Among the reasons identified is that geography is perceived as a very tedious and difficult subject to study. With the rapid development of technology in the twenty-first century, the use of multi-media tools and technologies in education have given a new dimension to the process of teaching and learning. One of the most widely used technological tool is robots. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of high school students who are using minimalist robotic games for teaching and learning activities in Geography. Qualitative research methods were used to collect the research data. In total there are 15 groups of students participating in the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Carnival; each group consists of three to six members who have created a minimalist robot game for the subject of Science, Mathematics and Social Sciences. However, there are only two groups of students consisting of two male and four female students who created games for Geography. Therefore, a purposive sampling method was used to select students from these two groups. Six students who participated in the development of a minmalist robotinc game for Geography in the STEM education carnival were selected and interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at the end of the carnival. The data analysis of the interview shows five out of six students had a very positive perception of using minimalist roboticss in Geography education. In addition, this study also showed that the use of minimalist roboticss in the teaching and learning of Geography also changed the interest and attitudes of students towards learning Geography. The application of minimalist robotics also enhances students' intrinsic motivation to study Geography. The implications of this study suggest that minimalist robotics games are an alternative technology teacher can integrate into teaching and learning activities for Geography in schools to enhance students’ interest in learning about this subject.
Nonmagnetic impurities in skyrmion racetrack memory

The inﬂuence of non-magnetic defects of different sizes on the stability and anchoring of skyrmions in race track memory devices has been investigated. The energy surface of the system was built on the basis of the generalized Heisenberg model, which includes exchange, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, anisotropy, and an external magnetic ﬁeld. Minima and saddle points on the energy surface are used to estimate quantitatively the stability and pinning effects for skyrmions. The activation energies for attachment and detachment of skyrmions from defects, collapse and nucleation of skyrmions on a nonmagnetic impurity on a track of ﬁnite width are calculated. The joint effect of defects and the proximity of sample boundaries on the stability and localization of skyrmions has been studied. It is shown that skyrmion race track memory can only work if the track width is much greater than four times the skyrmion radius, and the spatial size of defects that can pin a skyrmion is small compared to its own size. Otherwise, the skyrmion will annihilate instead of moving under the action of the spin-polarized current.
Critical Heat Flux with Subcooled Flowing Water in Tubes for Pressures from Atmosphere to Near-Critical Point

In the previous investigation the critical heat flux experiment was performed in an Inconel tube of Di = 7.98 mm to cover the pressures of 2.0 – 20.4 MPa. It was also performed in the tubes of Di = 5.16, 8.05, 10.0 and 16.0 mm with pressures of 0.13 – 1.92 MPa. These data were calculated by the empiric correlations and a physical model. In the present study the experiment was extended to the Inconel tubes of Di = 4.62 and 10.89 mm to cover the pressure of 1.7 – 20.6 MPa, mass flux of 454 – 4055 kg/m s and inlet water temperature of 110 – 354 K. In addition, the experiment of a tube of Di = 2.32 mm was included, along with the data of Di = 5.16 – 16.0 mm, to cover the pressure of 0.1 – 1.92 MPa, velocity of 1.47 – 23.3 m/s and local subcooling of 3.7 100.9 K. All these data were calculated by the modified empiric correlations and the physical model.
Enzyme mediated biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis: a biotechnological venture towards bioethanol production

Biobased processes are gaining major interest worldwide with considerable efforts now being applied to developing efficient technologies for bioresource utilization. Enzymes produced from microorganisms act as a green route for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Saacharum spontaneum or Kans grass is a potential lignocellulosic rich in cellulose (38.70%), hemicelluloses (29.00%), and lignin (17.46%). To utilize the major proportion of the carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicelluloses to produce reducing sugar, degradation of lignin is an important prerequisite of the complete bioethanol production process. In the present work, an enzymatic pretreatment process for lignin degradation or delignification has been optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The maximum delignification recorded was 81.67% at 6 h upon monitoring the lignin content of 17.46%. The effectiveness of the enzymatic pretreatment process was investigated through various microscopic and spectroscopic tools as well through porosity analysis that evidenced the specific action of enzyme on lignin. Moreover, the efficacy of enzymatic pretreatment process on enzymatic hydrolysis was studied through optimization based on central composite design. The maximum reducing sugar obtained was 500.30 mg g−1 at 5.30 h of incubation time which indeed supporting the potential of enzymatic mode of biomass pretreatment.
Exergy Analysis of Microalgae Thermochemical Conversion using Aspen Plus Simulation

Microalgae is known as the future bioenergy resources due to its unlimited potential and availability. One of the numerous paths to acquire an energy source is gasification, which produce syngas and methane as a hydrocarbon fuel or feedstock product. To set up an efficient gasification plant, several essential information is needed including the effect of oxidizing agent and steam to carbon (S/C) ratio to energy efficiency on certain biomass properties. This paper aims to study the highest exergy possibility on microalgae gasification process by examining the effect of steam and air flowrate independently via ASPEN Plus simulation. The result was validated with experimental data to verify the simulation reliability. It was found that the thermodynamic based simulation is suitable to predict the reactor behavior and acquire an optimum operating condition.Keywords: microalgae; gasification; exergy; simulation
HAPPINESS AND ITS DETERMINANTS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AMONG LECTURERS IN AN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY

The educational institution is sometimes indicated as a not attractive workplace, which could affect its employee happiness. This research aims to qualitatively identify the state of happiness and its determinants factors including its association with digital technology among lecturers. Digital technology is considered important in the educational area because it helps lecturers to effectively share the information, material, and managing the class. The research was conducted in ITB since it was a university with a technology base. Results indicate a high level of happiness among lectures, especially in pleasant and good life but not meaningful life. There are several determinant factors of happiness identified which are related with interpersonal and intrapersonal. Lectures reported positive and negative impacts of digital technology and happiness. In conclusion, lecturers perceived ITB as their source of happiness especially in providing freedom and opportunity to share knowledge and values.
Gender Diversity in Boards of Directors: A Bibliometric Mapping

The literature on gender diversity in boards of directors has expanded significantly in recent years, due to the fact that women are increasingly holding higher management positions within the company hierarchy, clearly demonstrating that certain characteristics of women have a positive impact on different areas within the company. The objective of this paper is to analyze scientific articles on the presence of women in boards of directors, based on a literature review, in order to learn about the evolution of this concept over time. The search conducted for this paper produced 300 documents from the Web of Science, with a final total result of 168 documents after passing the initial results through various filters. VOSviewer software was used to analyze the information, which enabled the creation of bibliometric citation, co-citation and co-word maps. The results reveal the most relevant authors and studies on this subject and identify the most current studies, the main topic of which deals with sustainability and corporate social responsibility, in addition to highlighting the characteristics of women that are of vital importance to boards of directors within the current context: empathy, open innovation, concern for the needs of interest groups and a heightened perception of risks.
Characteristics of Pesticides Runoff from Golf Links

The concentration and the loading rate of pesticides were investigated in a streamlet flowing through a golf links. The water samples were collected once a week for a year and during three storm runoff events (23.9-188mm). From the 50 weekly observations, the herbicides Simazin, Oxadiazon and Atrazine, and the insecticide Diazinon were detected. Atrazine, however, was not listed on the application record obtained from the golf links. The net average concentrations of pesticides discharged from the golf links were 0.92, 0.61, 0.28 and 0.04 µg/l, respectively, and their detection rates were 98, 60, 62 and 92%, respectively. Fenitrothion and Fenthion. though listed on the applications, were not detected. None of these pesticides contaminated the runoff water from the neighboring upstream forested area. The concentrations of pesticides varied to a great extent with each storm runoff event. The loading rates of pesticides caused by the storm runoff depended on the length of the period after the applications rather than being correlated with precipitation. Using the data obtained from the regular observation and the storm runoff events, the annual loading rates of Simazin, Oxadiazon, Diazinon and Atrazine were calculated as 1,590, 362, 99.0 and 295 g/km 2 /year. The loadings from only three storm events observed in the study occupied 22 - 100% of these annual loadings. The annual discharging rates of Simazin, Oxadiazon and Diazinon were 4.2, 1.5, and 0.98%, respectively.
Sex Differences in Influenza: The Challenge Study Experience.

BACKGROUND Preclinical animal studies and retrospective human studies suggest that adult females have worse outcomes from influenza than males. Prospective studies in humans are missing. METHODS Data from 164 healthy volunteers who underwent Influenza A/California/04/2009/H1N1 challenge were compiled to compare differences between sexes. Baseline characteristics, including hormone levels, hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers, neuraminidase-inhibition titers (NAI), and outcomes after challenge were compared. Linear and logistic regression models were built to determine significant predictor variables with respect to outcomes of interest. RESULTS Hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers were similar between the sexes, but neuraminidase-inhibition titers (NAI) were higher in males than females at 4-weeks and 8-weeks post-challenge. Females were more likely to have symptoms (mean 0.96 vs 0.80, p=.003) and to have a higher number of symptoms (median 3 vs 4, p=.011) than males. Linear and logistic regression models showed that pre-challenge NAI titers, but not HAI titers or sex hormone levels, were predictive of all shedding and symptom outcomes of interest. CONCLUSIONS Females in our cohorts were more likely to be symptomatic and to have a higher number of symptoms than males. NAI titers predicted all outcomes of interest and may explain differential outcomes between the sexes.
The impact of entrepreneurial education and competitiveness on business performance of Indonesian SMEs

The prime concern of the present study is the investigation of the link between effective entrepreneurial education and competitiveness that influence the business performance of Indonesian SMEs. The study was conducted to determine the empirical examination between constructs through utilization of PLS. The results of the study found that entrepreneurial education and competitiveness significantly and positively influence the business performance, but moderation role of self-efficacy was not observed between constructs. Therefore, H1 and H2, which were the direct hypotheses were accepted statistically but moderating hypotheses H3 and H4 were rejected on statistical grounds. The study provides guidelines for SMEs to initiate entrepreneurial activities for business performance. However, it is observed that various limitations are also attached with the present study. For example, this study is limited in terms of some qualitative analysis where the interview session with the respondents would be quite meaningful. In addition, this study missed the implication on some bigger business firms or large industries as it is only addressing the SMEs firms that are working in the region of Indonesia. Future studies are highly recommended to focus on these limitations. Keyword: Entrepreneurial Education; Competitiveness; Self-Efficacy; Business Performance