Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public Policies and Programs for the Prevention and Control of Breast Cancer in Latin American Women: Scoping Review

Background Breast cancer has positioned itself worldwide as one of the main public health problems, especially in Latin America. In some countries, several programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in women have been developed and implemented on a permanent basis, but there are no public reports on the policies that originated such programs. Objective A scoping review of scientific publications that identify the type, extent, and scope of policies and programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin American women was performed, and the main results were presented in this paper. Methods This scoping review was carried out according to the method by Arksey and O’Malley based on 3 fundamental questions about breast cancer prevention and control policies in Latin America: their type, extent and scope, and reference framework. The search period was from 2000 to 2019, and the search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost), ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), and Scopus in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, and Scielo, Cochrane, and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish and Portuguese. Of the 743 studies found, 20 (2.7%) were selected, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Results The selected studies identified several Latin American countries that have generated policies and programs to prevent and control breast cancer in women, focusing mainly on risk communication, prevention and timely detection, effective access to health services, improvement of the screening process, and evaluation of screening programs. Evaluation criteria and greater participation of civil society in policy design and program execution are still lacking. This could undoubtedly help eliminate existing barriers to effective action. Conclusions Although several Latin American countries have generated public policies and action programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer, a pending issue is the evaluation of the results to analyze the effectiveness and impact of their implementation given the magnitude of the public health problem it represents and because women and civil society play an important role in its prevention and control. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/12624
Pollen characterization of the bee flora from a Caatinga area of Northeast Brazil

Background: Plants and bees have coevolved throughout geological time, establishing a mutualistic relationship that results in feeding/resource obtention by bees and the reproductive success of angiosperms. Questions and Hypotheses: What is the floristic composition of the vegetation visited by bees in the Caatinga? How are pollen grains from Caatinga bee plant species characterized? Do pollen grains of bee plant species present characters that could be associated with the pollination process? Studied species: We studied the pollen grains of 45 bee plant species belonging to 41 genera and 23 angiosperm families. Among the studied species, 37 % are endemic to Brazil, and eight species are endemic to the Caatinga biome. Study site and dates: Apiary within the Caatinga biome, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Climate warm semiarid. Fieldwork was carried out between August 2016 and June 2017. Methods: Plants in bloom and being visited by Apis mellifera were collected during biweekly field expeditions, herborized, identified, and deposited at the HUNEB herbarium. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, characterized, and microphotographed under light microscopy. Results: Forty-five bee plants were collected and classified according to field observations and specialized literature. Pollen morphology was variable, and nine species had their pollen morphology described for the first time. The apertures of the studied pollen grains were mainly tricolporate (44 %), pantoporate (15 %), and inaperturate (13 %), and exine ornamentation was mainly (micro)reticulate (46 %) and (micro)echinate (33 %). Conclusions: Our results suggest that bee plants present a set of palynological characters that may favor entomophily. Translate stop Translate stop
Potluck or Chef de Cuisine? Knowledge Diversity and Award-Winning Inventor Teams

Is the trend towards specialization by knowledge workers detrimental to the creatio n of frontier-pushing inventions? The answer to this question is ‘yes’ under two conditions. First, diverse knowledge is a source of frontier-pushing inventions. Second, teams having a ‘chef de cuisine’ – an individual with high knowledge diversity – are more effective in generating frontier-pushing inventions as compared to teams obtaining diversity through a combination of specialized team members – a ‘potluck’ structure. Using the ‘R&D100 Awards’ as a measure for frontier-pushing performance, this study shows the importance of knowledge diversity for the creation of frontier-pushing inventions. Mor eover, 90% of the variance in team knowledge diversity is accounted for by the most diverse team member, indicating that a potluck-structure is rare. Diversity of the most diverse member drives the likelihood of pushing the technological frontier, while the diversity added by the team does not s ig ificantly contribute to the effect. These results indicate individual-level diversity cannot be substitut ed by diversity generated through a combination of specialists. In light of the documented trend towards specializati on, these findings raise concerns for policy makers and managers targeting frontier-pushing inventions.
Open innovation in SMEs and the role of the externalnetwork: A systematic literature review

Ever since Henry Chesbrough coined the term in 2003, the number of studies exploring the new paradigm of open innovation (OI) has grown exponentially, with researchers investigating and exploring the application of open principles in an array of industrial and geographical contexts. Despite this growing interest from the scientific community as well as practitioners, our understanding of the implementation of open principles from an SME perspective remains, to a large extent, underdeveloped. In particular, uncovering how the SME can best exploit and manage their external network to facilitate both exploration and exploitation activities has, thus far, been largely neglected. Therefore, an exploration of the implementation and successful management of OI projects in smaller firms from a network perspective, through a systematic review and assimilation of the current body of extant studies seems a timely and necessary step, in order to form a roadmap for a future research agenda. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to shed light on the antecedents and outcomes of successful OI network management in small firms. Systematic analysis of 51 extant studies reveals that many barriers associated with implementing OI in SMEs often referred to as liability of smallness, can be overcome by the effective network management, coupled with the implementation of an open culture. Openness can also be seen to be positively related to business model flexibility and adaptability. Results though, remain unclear on the exact role of the intermediary and whether entrepreneurial capacity, trust, increased social interaction and goal alignment among the SME and their network partners, as well as network unity and conflict mitigation/resolution can be described as a driver for, or an outcome of successful open projects. Therefore, these potential relationships between openness and managerial capacity are proposed for further empirical testing and analysis. The paper concludes by presenting a map for future research, incorporating a series of propositions suggested during the analysis and consolidating these issues into a framework of suggestions for future research.
A strategic corporate governance framework for state-owned enterprises in the developing economy

Corporate scandals that have rocked the world in the past two decades have heightened the importance of corporate governance (Zalewska, 2014). Despite the interest in the adoption of corporate governance state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the performance of these organisations remains poor (Vagliasindi, 2008), which has been attributed to ineffective corporate governance (World Bank, 2007). The objective of this study was to develop a strategic corporate governance enterprise in the developing economy. The study followed a critical realism approach. As a result, a multi-methodology and mixed design were employed. The sample included all SOEs registered in Malawi, which had operated from 2000–2016 but excluded regulatory, financial, and academic institutions. Data collection followed the critical realism case study method. Findings reveal that large power distance, cronyism, and materialistic cultures are entrenched in society and negatively impact corporate governance. Results further show that increased shareholders’ power and multiple principals have a negative effect on performance. The study recommended changes to legal form, board operations, and disclosure to improve corporate governance effectiveness. The study has contributed to a body of knowledge in terms of developing a strategic governance framework for SOEs in Malawi. The study has also established that cultural values influence the effectiveness of corporate governance.
Distributions and convergence of forecast variables in a 1,000‐member convection‐permitting ensemble

The errors in numerical weather forecasts resulting from limited ensemble size are explored using 1,000‐member forecasts of convective weather over Germany at 3‐km resolution. A large number of forecast variables at different lead times were examined, and their distributions could be classified into three categories: quasi‐normal (e.g., tropospheric temperature), highly skewed (e.g. precipitation), and mixtures (e.g., humidity). Dependence on ensemble size was examined in comparison to the asymptotic convergence law that the sampling error decreases proportional to N−1/2 for large enough ensemble size N, independent of the underlying distribution shape. The asymptotic convergence behavior was observed for the ensemble mean of all forecast variables, even for ensemble sizes less than 10. For the ensemble standard deviation, sizes of up to 100 were required for the convergence law to apply. In contrast, there was no clear sign of convergence for the 95th percentile even with 1,000 members. Methods such as neighborhood statistics or prediction of area‐averaged quantities were found to improve accuracy, but only for variables with random small‐scale variability, such as convective precipitation.
Study Of Atomization Model Of Prefilming Atomizer Considering Mass And Heat Transfer Processes

Liquid film propagation and breakup in the prefilming atomizer is controlled by two instabilities, one is the Kelvin- Helmholtz (KH) instability leading to the formation of longitudinal waves, and the other is the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability causing the liquid film to break into droplets. At present, most of the atomization models of prefilming atomizers are established without considering the effect of the heat and mass transfer processes between the high-temperature gas and liquid film. The current study for the first time explores this effect on the change of KH and RT instabilities and film propagation and breakup processes, and implements this effect into the atomization model. Results show that the mass and heat transfer processes promote the development of KH instability and have an inhibitory effect on the development of RT instability. Furthermore, the most amplified wavelength of transverse waves caused by RT instability is used to characterize the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and droplet size distribution of the droplets. The droplet SMD of the primary breakup decreases linearly with the increase of temperature, but the uniformity of the droplets deteriorates. This newly developed atomization model can be used to predict the size and distribution of droplets more accurately.
A Template for Implementing Interprofessional Education in Child Advocacy

ABSTRACT While there is an urgency to offer graduate students’ inter-professional education (IPE) in child advocacy, there are no templates for educators to utilize. Participants (n=34), inclusive of students, community stakeholders, and faculty from a northeastern university, participated in focus groups to describe what IPE should entail. Grounded theory was used to distill the data, which revealed themes about what participants would value from an IPE program barriers to implementing IPE, and recommendations for implementation . We next developed a template for implementing an IPE curriculum. Participants agreed in-person pedagogical approaches were more desired than online learning, and expressed a need for educators to simulate “real-life” IPE exposure. Future research is needed to examine whether the proposed template promotes professional collaboration.
Multidisciplinary Approach in the Treatment of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis: Twenty-Year Single-Center Experience

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is an acute, rare, severe condition with high mortality, but the optimal management protocol is still controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the results of multidisciplinary management in patients treated for DNM at our center over the last twenty years. Fifteen male patients, mean age 49.07 ± 14.92 years, were treated: 9 with cervico-pharyngeal etiopathogenesis, 3 peri-tonsillar/tonsillar, 2 odontogenic, 1 post-surgical; 6 with DNM type I, 6 with type IIA, and 3 with type IIB (Endo’s classification). Mean time between diagnosis and treatment was 2.24 ± 1.61 days. In all cases, mediastinum drainage via thoracotomy was performed after neck drainage via cervicotomy, associated with tooth treatment in two; one required re-operation; tracheostomy was necessary in 9, temporary intensive care unit stay in 4; 6 developed complications, without post-operative mortality. Main isolated germs were Staphylococci and Candida; 7 had polymicrobial infection. The most used antibiotics were meropenem, metronidazole, teicoplanin, third-generation cephalosporins and clyndamicin; anti-fungal drugs were fluconazole, caspofungin and anidulafungin. On multivariate analysis, presence of cardiovascular disease was statistically significantly associated with longer chest tube duration and hospital stay. DNM requires early diagnosis and treatment to reduce mortality and morbidity. The most effective treatment should provide a multidisciplinary approach, combining cervicotomy and thoracotomy to drain all infectious collections with administration and monitoring of the proper antimicrobial therapy.
Early Return to Daily Life through Immediate Weight-Bearing after Lateral Malleolar Fracture Surgery

Lateral malleolus fracture is one of the most common fractures. However, there is controversy regarding the rehabilitation protocols used after surgery. In particular, the initiation point for weight-bearing has not been standardized. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic difference between immediate and delayed weight-bearing on lateral malleolus fractures. The medical records of matched patients in the immediate and delayed weight-bearing groups (50 and 50, respectively) were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using an anatomical locking compression plate with a lag screw. In the immediate weight-bearing group (IWB), tolerable weight-bearing (i.e., what can be endured immediately after surgery with crutches) was permitted. In the delayed weight-bearing group (DWB), weight-bearing was completely restricted for 4 weeks after surgery. Ankle motion exercise was permitted in both groups, starting from the day after surgery. Radiographic assessment data and clinical outcomes were reviewed between the two groups. No significant differences in radiographic assessments and complications were found between the two groups. Significant differences in terms of a shortened length of hospital stay and time to return to work with the IWB rehabilitation protocol compared with DWB were confirmed (6.0 vs. 9.2 days, p = 0.02 and 6.1 vs. 8.3 weeks, p = 0.02, respectively). A significant difference in sport factor was observed in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score at 3 months postoperatively (72.3 vs. 67.4, p = 0.02). We found no significant differences between the two groups concerning postoperative radiological outcomes and complications. The benefits of shortening the time to return to work and length of hospital stay associated with the IWB rehabilitation protocol were confirmed. In conclusion, immediate weight-bearing is recommended in patients with lateral malleolus fracture after anatomical reduction and firm fixation by surgery.
Analysis of the Thematic Structure and Discursive Framing in Articles about Trianon and the Holocaust in the Online Hungarian Press Using LDA Topic Modelling

Abstract In our research, we examined the discursive framing of Trianon and the Holocaust in today’s Hungarian online media. Our corpus contained 26,519 articles connected to these two historical events published between September 2017 and September 2020. We used a mixed-method approach by combining computational text analysis, namely, LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic models and qualitative methods. Our aim was not only to map the latent thematic structure and the discourses about Trianon and the Holocaust but also to identify the main differences in the rhetoric of the different sides of the political spectrum. Using Bull and Hansen’s categories, we found that the far-right and government media use the antagonistic, while the left-liberal media use the cosmopolitan mode of remembering. We identified many discursive differences between the rhetoric of the different political sides. Yet, the different relationship to emotions has the most far-reaching consequences. On the one hand, in antagonistic remembering, thus in the far-right and progovernment media, emotions play an essential role. On the other hand, cosmopolitan remembering, thus the rhetoric featured in the nongovernment media, detaches itself from emotions. This difference contributes significantly to the success of antagonistic remembering in Hungary. At the same time, the left-liberal side loses the opportunity to shape memory and identity politics.
Vertically Transmitted Epichloë Systemic Endophyte Enhances Drought Tolerance of Achnatherum inebrians Host Plants through Promoting Photosynthesis and Biomass Accumulation

Achnatherum inebrians (drunken horse grass, DHG) plants, a dominant grass species in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China, symbiotic with an Epichloë fungal endophyte, is well adapted to drought. However, little is known about how the presence of the foliar Epichloë endophyte enhances the tolerance of DHG to drought at the molecular level. This study explored the positive effects of the presence of the Epichloë endophyte on plant growth, biomass, and photosynthetic efficiency and processes of DHG under non-drought and two drought (moderate and severe) treatments, using RNA sequencing to compare transcriptomes. The transcriptome results showed that 32 selected unigenes involved in the photosynthesis processes within Epichloë symbiotic plants were differently expressed (DEGs) versus non-symbiotic plants. The majority of these selected DEGs were upregulated in Epichloë symbiotic plants versus non-symbiotic plants, such as upregulated unigenes (c51525.graph_c1, c47798.graph_c0 & c64087.graph_c0) under drought conditions. In line with the transcriptomes data, the presence of the Epichloë endophyte promoted the photosynthetic rate and biomass accumulation of DHG plants, and the relationship between the photosynthetic rate and biomass is linear and significant. The presence of the endophyte only increased the biomass per tiller of DHG plants under drought. This study provides further insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the enhanced plant growth and drought tolerance of Epichloë-symbiotic DHG plants.
A Semi-Blind Decision Directed Iterative Channel Estimation and Decoding for LDPC Coded OFDM Systems

We propose a semi-blind decision-directed joint channel estimation and decoding algorithm for low-density parity check (LDPC) coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. There are two novel aspects in our algorithm - (i) an enhanced semi-blind channel estimation algorithm that hypothesizes a small set of symbols as additional pilots and (ii) an edge strength-based metric to determine a small subset of decisions at the output of the LDPC decoder as being reliable. Our algorithm has an order of magnitude lower complexity than a recently proposed machine learning-based channel estimation algorithm, while their performances are comparable.
Maximizing Sum-Rate via Relay Selection and Power Control in Dual-Hop Networks

In this paper, we focus on the sum-rate optimization problem in a general dual-hop relay network by considering the joint relay selection and power control in the presence of interference. First, we propose a new relay selection algorithm which has better sum-rate performance than the existing relay selection techniques. Then we combine relay selection and power control to propose a novel iterative algorithm based on the tight lower bound approximation which maximizes the achievable sum-rate. We also prove that for the special case of two-user networks, binary power allocation is optimum for at least two transmitting nodes. Extensive numerical examples are used to compare the performance of the proposed algorithm and to illustrate the accuracy of the analysis.
Reynolds Stress Turbulence Modelling with γ Transition Model

Implementation of the SSG/LRR-ω-γ model is carried out in the current study to predict transition to turbulence. The framework uses a Reynolds stress transport model, SSG/LRR-ω, as the base turbulence formulation and is coupled with Menter's γ transition model. To extend its applicability to different transition mechanisms, the production terms in the Reynolds stress and specific dissipation rate transport equations are modified. SSG/LRR-ω-γ uses simplified correlations that do not depend on freestream quantities, making it coordinate independent and rendering it Galilean invariant. Additionally, using a second-order closure turbulence model makes it suitable for complex flow fields. The influence of different grid parameters on the model is also discussed. A validation study is performed using multiple benchmark flat plate cases as well as 2D and 3D geometries to demonstrate the model's capability in predicting different transition mechanisms. When compared to state-of-the-art transition models, the proposed model shows equivalent or higher predictive capability.
Stories from the Frontier

Should basic research be publicly or privately funded? This paper studies the impact of the shift in the U.S. patent system towards the patentability and commercialization of the basic R&D undertaken by universities during the early 1980s. We interpret this change as rendering universities responsive to "market" forces. Prior to 1980, universities undertook research using an exogenous stock of researchers motivated by "curiosity. " After 1980, universities patent their research and behave as private firms. This move, in a context of two-stage inventions (basic and applied research) has an a priori ambiguous effect on innovation and welfare. We build a Schumpeterian model and match it to the data to assess this important turning point from an innovation as well from a welfare-enhancing perspective.