Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response to ‘Sex, drugs and animal parts: will Viagra save threatened species?’

Von Hippel and von Hippel (1998) suggested that Viagra had the potential to replace an existing demand for certain wildlife species used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Von Hippel and von Hippel (2002) attempted to show that this potential is becoming a reality.
Moments of Inertia of Bat Wings and Body

The moments of inertia of the wings about the shoulder joint and about the roll axis were estimated in eight species of bats, using strip analysis. The moment of inertia of the bat9s trunk about the roll axis was estimated by assuming the body and head to be ellipsoids. The slopes of the regressions of moment of inertia of one wing about the shoulder joint ( J w ) versus body mass ( m tot ), wing span ( b ) and wing area (S) were as expected for geometrically similar animals of different size. The exponent for J w versus body mass in bats deviates from that found for birds, while the exponent for J w versus wing span does not. A multiple regression was used to show that J w may be estimated by: J w = 4.49 × 10 −3 m tot 0.53 b 2.15 S 0.65 . The mean value of the moment of inertia originating from the trunk is 7 % of the bat9s total moment of inertia (of wings and body combined) about the roll axis. The mass of one wing ( m w ) was plotted against body mass for the eight bat species, which gives: m w = 0.112 m tot 1 11 . The slope for our bats, 1.11, is similar to that obtained for birds, 1.10. Adaptations to reduce the moments of inertia may be more important for increasing a bat9s flight agility (roll acceleration) than for decreasing the total mechanical power required to fly. The influences of wing moment of inertia and wing shape on manoeuvrability and agility are discussed.
Colleter anatomy in red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae)

A mass of colleters occurs at the base of each of the large paired stipules, which form a sealed cone around the bud. Each colleter is a finger-like protuberance about 1 mm in height, with a relatively massive axis of elongate cells surrounded by epidermal cells elongated perpendicular to the axis. No special association of vascular bundles with colleters was observed, nor were any transfer cells seen. Rhizophora colleters are remarkably similar to those found in several other families.
The Tanytarsini (Diptera : Chironomidae) of Australia

Forty-six species of Australian Tanytarsini, in six genera, are described, 33 being new. Of previously described species, Tanytarsus communis Skuse is considered to be synonymous with T. inextentus Skuse, T. ogilbyi Skuse and T. sydneyensis Kieffer cannot be positively associated with more recent material, T. (Cladotanytarsus) ? mancus (Walker) of Freeman (1961) is considered specifically distinct from the European Cl. mancus, and Lundstroemia parthenogenetica Freeman is placed in Paratanytarsus. Paratanytarsus and Rheotanytarsus are recognized for the first time in Australia and Cladotanytarsus is treated as a full genus. The chironomid content of 538 collections made in South Australia during 1970 is tabulated. The following new species are described: Paratanytarsus furvus, P. jefferyi, P. kathleenae, Rheotanytarsus annulatus, R. christinae, R. flabellatus, R. johnstoni, R. juliae, R. underwoodi, Stempellina johni, Cladotanytarsus australomancus, C. bilinearis, C. tasmanicus, C. unilinearis, Tanytarsus aviungulatus, T. belairensis, T. collessi, T. commoni, T. dycei, T. edwardi, T. graniticus, T. haugheyi, T. liepae, T. manlyensis, T. mendumae, T. moruyaensis, T. neosydneyensis, T. nichollsi, T. paskevillensis, T. richmdsi, T. rieki, T. semibmbitarsus, T. subinextentus.
Selection for Water‐Stress Tolerance in Interracial Populations of Common Bean

Crop cultivars that tolerate water stress would stabilize and expand production in drought endemic environments. They would require less irrigation and help conserve water, an essential natural resource. My objectives were to (i) compare, in water-stressed and nonstressed environments, the performance of inbred lines from interracial populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), involving water-stress-tolerant parents, (ii) identify lines that out-yielded the parents, and (iii) determine heritability and expected gains from selection. Eighty-five F 5 -derived F 8 random lines, a population bulk, and four parents from each of two populations (TR 7790 and TR 7791) were evaluated between 1991 and 1993 at Palmira, Colombia. The TR 7790 population involved crosses between common bean races Mesoamerica and Durango, and TR 7791 involved races Mesoamerica and Nueva Granada. Water stress reduced seed yield and 100-seed weight and accelerated maturity. The mean seed yield for population bulk, inbred lines, and parents of TR 7790 in both water-stressed and nonstressed environments were higher than those of TR 7791. In population TR 7790, eight lines yielded higher (by an average of 52%) than the mean of parents and six lines yielded higher (by an average of 41%) than the highest yielding parent under water stress. In population TR 7791, eight lines yielded higher than the mean of parents and one line yielded higher than the best parent under water stress. For seed yield, heritability was low for TR 7791 (0.26 ± 0.18 to 0.38 ± 0.17) and high for TR 7790 (0.66 ± 0.15 to 0.80 ± 0.15). Expected gains from selection ranged from 10 to 48%. These results justify searching for and using more germplasm highly tolerant to water stress from races Durango and Mesoamerica
Factors Associated with Mortality in Tuberculosis Patients at Debre Birhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of mortality worldwide and deaths from tuberculosis continue to occur despite the availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Understanding the factors associated with death is important to decrease mortality from TB. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors leading to death among TB patients registered at Debre Birhan Referral Hospital, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data was obtained by assessing medical records of 262 tuberculosis patients registered at Debre Birhan Referral Hospital from January 2013 to January 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected from medical records using data extraction sheet. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the risk factors for TB mortality.Result: From a total of 262 registered TB patients included in the study, 249 were included in the analysis of which 41(16.5%) died during TB treatment. Of the patients with unsuccessful treatment outcome in this study, death was the most common advsserse TB treatment outcome. TB Mortality was significantly associated with the type of TB, HIV Co-infection, co-morbidity, sputum smear results and time to visit the hospital for diagnosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: The proportion of death among hospitalized TB patients was found to be high and several factors were associated with TB mortality. Hence, monitoring those factors is important to reduce the death rate in TB patients.
The use of silvicultural systems to enhance the biological diversity of plantation forests in Britain

Summary This review considers possible changes in the silvicultural systems applied to plantation forests in Britain, in response to demands for enhanced biodiversity. The options considered are: (1) extension of rotation length of selected forest stands; (2) improvement in vertical structure through variations in stand treatments such as thinning, pruning, respacing, and new ones such as snag creation and green tree retention; (3) increased use of species mixtures; (4) introduction of alternative silvicultural systems to harvest at a range of scales to improve spatial heterogeneity. The first three can be achieved while maintaining clear-cutting as the predominant silvicultural system and, importantly, offer a way forward in the short term. The introduction of a range of alternative silvicultural systems poses the greatest challenge to current plantation silviculture. This is a longer term option; what is required now is to test the systems on a range of site and forest types, and to develop the skills base of forest managers. However, obstacles to these changes exist and it is concluded that unless benefits to biodiversity can be clearly demonstrated, which outweigh increased costs, any large-scale modifications to existing silvicultural systems will be limited.
Effects of Local Ischemic Compression on Upper Limb Latent Myofascial Trigger Points: A Study of Subjective Pain and Linear Motor Performance

Objective To analyse the effect of the manual ischemic compression (IC) on the upper limb motor performance (MP) in patients with LTrPs. Materials and Methods A quasiexperimental study was performed in twenty subjects allocated to either patients group with LTrPs (PG, n=10) or healthy group with no symptoms (HG, n=10). Subjective pain and linear MP (movement time and Fitts' Law) were assessed before and after a linear tapping task. Data were analysed with mixed factorial ANOVA for intergroup linear motor performance differences and dependent t-student test for intragroup pain differences. Results PG had a linear MP lower than the HG before treatment (p < 0.05). After IC, the PG showed a significant decrease of pain (4.07 ± 1.91 p < 0.001). Furthermore, the movement time (15.70 ± 2.05 p < 0.001) and the Fitts' Law coefficient (0.80 ± 0.53 p < 0.001) were significantly reduced. However, one IC session did not allow the PG to get the same MP than the HG (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results suggest the IC effectiveness on pain and MP impairment in subjects with LTrPs. However, the MP of these patients is only partially improved after the IC application.
Structural and nonstructural carbohydrate, fat, and protein composition of commercially available, whole produce

Previously reported values for produce items often reflect only the human edible portion although animals generally eat the entire item. Produce can comprise a significant proportion of a captive, exotic animal's diet; therefore, nutrient values based on whole items will enable a more accurate diet formulation. Whole produce items, including fruits, vegetables, and leafy green vegetables, were analyzed for dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude protein, fat, ash, pectin, fructan, and free sugar concentrations. The free sugars were typed and quantified. As expected, the produce contained low concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, averaging 13.4% for fruits, 18.8% for vegetables, and 21.5% for leafy green vegetables/other items on a 100% dry matter basis. Produce ranged substantially in structural and nonstructural carbohydrates, protein, fat, and free-sugar concentration. Free-sugar ratios of glucose, fructose, and sucrose varied among items. This information can be used for more accurate formulation of zoological diets. Zoo Biol 0:1–15, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Meningitis Associated with Brucella abortus in an Aborted Bovine Foetus

In this study, the brain and other organs from an aborted bovine foetus were examined histopathologically and microbiologically. In addition, a serum sample from the aborting cow was examined serologically. A granulomatous inflammation, characterised by the infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells with some neutrophils and macrophages was observed in the meninges of the brain, liver and kidney. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated in pure culture from the brain and other organs. The serum sample was positive for brucellosis. These findings indicate that Brucella abortus is a pathogen capable of inducing meningitis in bovine foetuses. Bir At›k S›¤›r Fotusunda Brucella abortus ile ‹liflkili Meningitis Ozet: Bu cal›flmada at›k bir s›¤›r fotusunun beyin ve dier dokular›n›n histopatolojik ve mikrobiyolojik incelemesi yap›ld›. Ayr›ca at›k yapan inekten al›nan serum ornei serolojik olarak incelendi. Beyin meninkslerinde, karacier ve bobrekte lenfosit, plazma hucresi ile az say›da notrofil ve makrofaj infiltrasyonu ile karakterize granulomatoz yang› gozlendi. Beyin ve dier organlardan saf kultur halinde Brucella abortus biovar 1 izole edildi. Serum ornei brusellozis yonunden pozitif bulundu. Bu bulgular Brucella abortus'un s›¤›r fotuslar›nda meningitise sebep olabilen bir patojen olduunu gostermektedir.
Posthatching Water and Feed Deprivation Affect the Gastrointestinal Tract and Intestinal Mucosa Development of Broiler Chicks

SUMMARY We studied the effect of feed and water deprivation on gastrointestinal tract and intestinal mucosa development of chicks at 24, 48, and 72 h posthatching. The treatments were water and feed ad libitum, water ad libitum and no feed, no water but feed ad libitum, and no water and no feed. The relative weight of the yolk sac was not influenced by the treatments. However, at 48 and 72 h posthatching, the relative weight of the liver increased, and the gizzard + proventriculus weight decreased in birds receiving feed ad libitum. An increase in jejunum and ileum relative weights and lengths was observed when the birds were supplied with feed and water. The lack of water produced the same effect as the lack of feed, both causing a higher number of villi per area with reduction in villus size, when compared with feed and water ad libitum treatments. The results of this study revealed that feed and water are able to affect intestinal villus development after hatching, indicating that both feed and water must be supplied to the chicks immediately after hatching.
Heavy metal transfer to vegetables from contaminated farmland adjoining sub urban animal park/market, Uyo

A natural, riparian buffer/farm adjoining a 3000 m2 suburban animal park/market in Uyo municipality was investigated to establish the heavy metal (HM) pollution and transfer to plants/vegetables grown on the soil affected by polluted runoff and organic waste disposal from upslope animal market/park. Wet acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry were applied to determine HM concentrations. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver.17. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI), transfer factor (TF) and leaf/root HM ratio (LFR) were evaluated. Heavy metal concentrations in the contaminated soils were high and significantly above normal ranges (p 1.0 was obtained for 6 HMs, while Cd, Hg and V had <1.0. Regulating the content of Pb in soil can control the level of co-absorption of other HMs by plants. Key words: Heavy metal toxicity, riparian farmland, sub-urban animal market, vegetables, heavy metal pollution index (HPI), transfer factor.
Fine structure of the septum in Wallemia sebi

The septa of the deuteromycete Wallemia sebi (Fr.) v. Arx have expanded pore margins surrounding a central pore and lack parenthesomes. At each end of the pore there is an electron-dense region with a distinct five-banded pattern (three electron-dense bands separated by two less-electron-dense bands) oriented parallel to the septum. These septa are compared with similar septa in phycomycetes, the dolipore septa reported in the ascomycetous yeast genus Ambrosiozyma and the dolipore–parenthesome septa of the basidiomycetes. It is proposed that the term dolipore be applied to any septum having expanded pore margins.
Study on immunomodulatory activity of dietary garlic in chickens vaccinated against Avian Influenza Virus (subtype H9N2).

Fresh garlic powder was evaluated for ability to potentiate the immune response of broiler chicks to Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) vaccine. For this purpose, 280 day-old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 4 groups A, B (52 each) C and D (88 each). The birds in groups A and B were given control diet during the experiment, but those in groups C and D received diet supplemented with 1 and 3% garlic powder, respectively. After 2nd bleeding, half of the chicks in groups C and D were separated as groups E and F and fed control diet thereafter. On 9th day of age, the chicks in all groups except A were immunized subcutaneously against AIV (subtype H N ) with a commercial oil-based inactivated vaccine (Merial, France). 9 2 Fifteen chicks from each group were bled on days 14, 24 and 34 post vaccination and also 5 just before vaccination. The sera were used for antibody titration against AIV by both HI and ELISA tests. The results showed that antibody levels were considerably higher in the vaccinated chicks than those in the nonvaccinated control throughout the experimental period (p 0.05). In addition, the removal of garlic from diet had no significant (p>0.05) effect on serum titer. It is suggested that diet supplementation with garlic powder can not stimulate the humoral response of chickens against AIV vaccine.
Recommendations for Integrating Restoration Ecology and Conservation Biology in Ponderosa Pine Forests of the Southwestern United States

Over the past century, ponderosa pine–dominated landscapes of the southwestern United States have been altered by human activities such as grazing, timber harvest, road building, and fire exclusion. Most forested areas within these landscapes now show increased susceptibility to stand‐replacing fires, insect outbreaks, and drought‐related mortality. Recent large wildfires in the region have spurred public interest in large‐scale fuel reduction and restoration programs, which create perceived and real conflicts with the conservation of biodiversity. Conservation concerns include the potential for larger road networks, soil and understory disturbance, exotic plant invasion, and the removal of large trees in treated areas. Pursuing prescribed burning, thinning, or other treatments on the broad scale that many scientists and managers envision requires the reconciliation of ecological restoration with biodiversity conservation. This study presents recommendations from a workshop for integrating the principles and practices of restoration ecology and conservation biology, toward the objective of restoring the composition, structure, and function of dry ponderosa pine forests. Planning on the scale of hundreds of thousands of hectares offers opportunities to achieve multiple objectives (e.g., rare species protection and restoration of ecological structures and processes) that cannot easily be addressed on a site‐by‐site basis. However, restoration must be coordinated with conservation planning to achieve mutual objectives and should include strict guidelines for protection of rare, declining, and sensitive habitats and species.
Untangling the Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje, 1841) species complex: a review of the genus Spurilla Bergh, 1864 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Aeolidiidae)

Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje, 1823) was considered to be a species with a broad geographic range and substantial colour variability; however, analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear gene data revealed that it is a complex of five distinct species. Further anatomical and morphological examinations determined that coloration is one of the main diagnostic traits for all five species, although some display substantial colour pattern variation. As a result of this study, S. neapolitana is determined to be restricted to the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic. Spurilla sargassicola Bergh, 1871 from the Caribbean is redescribed and confirmed as a valid species. The name Spurilla braziliana MacFarland, 1909 is retained for western Atlantic and Pacific populations. Two new species are described herein. Spurilla onubensis sp. nov. occurs in Europe, with a range overlapping that of S. neapolitana. Finally, Spurilla dupontae sp. nov. is found in the Bahamas. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London
A Study of Serum Cholinesterase Activity with Clinical Correlation in Patients with Acute Organophosphorous Poisoning

Background: Organophosphorus (OP) compounds acts by inhibiting cholinesterase activity. Estimation of serum AChE levels is done to assess the severity of OP poisoning. This study was planned to evaluate the correlation between the level of serum AChE enzyme and the clinical outcome so that the findings can be used for management of these critical patients. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with OP compound poisoning. Serum AChE levels were estimated in all patients before administration of any treatment. Patients were classified into 4 grades of severity of poisoning as per the Namba et al. criteria and were treated accordingly. Results: Serum AChE level in patients with the latent grade of poisoning was 5643.76± 1627.83 IU/L, in patients with a mild grade of poisoning was 3178.8±530.30 IU/L, in patients with moderate grade of poisoning was 2360±273.12 IU/L and in the severe grade of poisoning was 521.68±288.8 IU/L. Out of 48 patients with latent grade of poisoning 91.66% recovered. In a moderate grade of poisoning, 50% recovered while 30% died and with severe grade of poisoning 32.43% patients recovered while 51.35% patients died. Conclusion: Estimation of serum AChE level on admission act as a good tool to predict the prognosis of the patient as low levels of serum AChE are associated with bad prognosis and higher chances of mortality.
High‐speed distance relaying using least error squares method and testing with FPGA

The demand for high-speed protective relaying in modern power grids is growing. A relay's fast and secure operation to clear faults is critical, especially for EHV/UHV transmission systems (400 kV and above). This research proposes a sub-cycle distance relaying, which is based on the least error squares (LES) method, and with a data interface module implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA). Taking advantage of inherent parallelism and pipelined architecture of the FPGA, the proposed relay design can support real-time data communications. Also, the flexible and reliable feature of the LES algorithm allows the proposed relay to make a fast and secure trip decision in different scenarios. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the LES-based relay.
PENERAPAN LESSON STUDY MELALUI METODE PROJECT BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN MAHASISWA DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI FKIP UNPAS

Artikel ini menguraikan cara-cara yang lebih komprehensif bagaimana mengaplikasikan lesson study pada pembelajaran, menjaga keberlangsungannya hingga dapat meningkatkan efektifitas pembelajaran di FKIP Universitas Pasundan Bandung. Untuk melihat peningkatan efektifitas pembelajaran pada peserta didik, penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan. Dalam pelaksanaannya, penelitian ini menggunakan dua siklus penelitian. Pada setiap siklus pelaksanaan lesson study memiliki empat tahapan yaitu melakukan persiapan (plan), pelaksanaan (do), refleksi (check atau see) dan tindak lanjut (act). Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa tingkat 3 (tiga), Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Pasundan Bandung. Berdasarkan hasil observasi pada siklus ini, secara umum pelaksanaan tindakan belum mencapai hasil yang memuaskan. Sementara berdasarkan hasil kuisioner tentang pelaksanaan pembelajaran diperoleh informasi bahwa sebagaian besar peserta didik merasa senang dengan pembelajaran ekonomi dengan menggunakan metode belajar PBL. Hal ini disebabkan karena pembelajaran dengan menggunakan PBL mampu membangkitkan aktifitas belajar mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran.