Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeing Through the Data: A Statistical Evaluation of Prohibited Item Detection Benchmark Datasets for X-ray Security Screening

The rapid progress in automatic prohibited object detection within the context of X-ray security screening, driven forward by advances in deep learning, has resulted in the first internationally-recognized, application-focused object detection performance standard (ECAC Common Testing Methodology for Automated Prohibited Item Detection Systems). However, the ever-increasing volume of detection work in this application area is highly reliant on a limited set of large-scale benchmark detection datasets that are specific to this domain. This study provides a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the underlying distribution of the prohibited item instances in three of the most prevalent X-ray security imagery benchmark and how these correlate against the detection performance of six state-of-the-art object detectors spanning multiple contemporary object detection paradigms. We focus on object size, location and aspect ratio within the image in addition to looking at global properties such as image colour distribution. Our results show a clear correlation between false negative (missed) detections and object size with the distribution of undetected items being statistically smaller in size than those typically found in the corresponding dataset as a whole. For false positive detections, the size distribution of such false alarm instances is shown to differ from the corresponding dataset test distribution in all cases. Furthermore, we observe that one-stage, anchor-free object detectors may be more vulnerable to the detection of heavily occluded or cluttered objects than other approaches whilst the detection of smaller prohibited item instances such as bullets remains more challenging than other object types.
Influences of glacier melt and permafrost thaw on the age of dissolved organic carbon in the Yukon River basin

Responses of near‐surface permafrost and glacial ice to climate change are of particular significance for understanding long‐term effects on global carbon cycling and carbon export by high‐latitude northern rivers. Here we report Δ14C‐dissolved organic carbon (DOC) values and dissolved organic matter optical data for the Yukon River, 15 tributaries of the Yukon River, glacial meltwater, and groundwater and soil water end‐member sources draining to the Yukon River, with the goal of assessing mobilization of aged DOC within the watershed. Ancient DOC was associated with glacial meltwater and groundwater sources. In contrast, DOC from watersheds dominated by peat soils and underlain by permafrost was typically enriched in Δ14C indicating that degradation of ancient carbon stores is currently not occurring at large enough scales to quantitatively influence bulk DOC exports from those landscapes. On an annual basis, DOC exported was predominantly modern during the spring period throughout the Yukon River basin and became older through summer‐fall and winter periods, suggesting that contributions of older DOC from soils, glacial meltwaters, and groundwater are significant during these months. Our data indicate that rapidly receding glaciers and increasing groundwater inputs will likely result in greater contributions of older DOC in the Yukon River and its tributaries in coming decades.
Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) as a Biomarker for Autistic Spectrum Disease (ASD)

Autistic spectrum disease (ASD) is an increasingly common diagnosis nowadays with a prevalence of 1–2% in most countries. Its complex causality—a combination of genetic, immune, metabolic, and environmental factors—is translated into pleiomorphic developmental disorders of various severity, which have two main aspects in common: repetitive, restrictive behaviors and difficulties in social interaction varying from awkward habits and verbalization to a complete lack of interest for the outside world. The wide variety of ASD causes also makes it very difficult to find a common denominator—a disease biomarker and medication—and currently, there is no commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic strategy besides clinical evaluation and psychotherapy. In the CORDUS clinical study, we have administered autologous cord blood to ASD kids who had little or no improvement after other treatments and searched for a biomarker which could help predict the degree of improvement in each patient. We have found that the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was elevated above the normal clinical range (less than 16.3 ng/mL) in the vast majority of ASD kids tested in our study (40 of 41, or 97.5%). This finding opens up a new direction for diagnostic confirmation, dynamic evaluation, and therapeutic intervention for ASD kids.
Capture Fisheries Assessment of Commercially Important Marine Crabs in Sorsogon Bay and San Miguel Bay

An assessment of commercially important marine crabs in San Miguel Bay and Sorsogon Bay was carried out in key landing sites. Dataset for length-frequency analysis was taken including species ID, gear inventory, CPUE and production including market and channel of distribution. Data analysis made use of FISAT and SPSS. Blue crab (Portunus pelagicus); Christian crab (Charybdis feriata); three-spotted crab (Portunus sanguinolentus) and mud crab (Scylla serrata) constitute the majority of the catch. Results showed that these are highly exploited with E values of Ecur = 0.45 and Ecur = 0.59 for P. pelagicus and C. feriata, respectively. The observed low and smaller size catch indicate signs of overfishing. This means that an increase in effort by gill nets, crab pots and trawlers would not result in a sustained increase in catch in either bay. Market and distribution are characterized by competitive market with live trade getting a premium price for the species. Christian crab is the most sought species today. At present there is no effective management measure at work in the fishing grounds where the species are caught. The recommended resource management options including reduction of fishing efforts, closing the season and limits on taking berried females; all options should be explored by the LGU’s to manage and save the remaining stock.
Economic Development and Renewable Energy Nexus in Morocco

Purpose The present study explores the causal relationships between economic development, renewable energy consumption, nonrenewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in the context of Morocco. Methods The panel unit root test, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and bounds test were used to assess the co-integration of the variables in the study and the long-run relationship between them. It employs the Granger causality test using a vector error correction model to determine the existence and direction of causality among the variables. It uses Morocco's annual statistical data from 1990 through 2019. Results The co-integration of the variables in the study was confirmed, implying that a long-run relationship exists between them. The causality test results suggest that a bidirectional causality exists between renewable energy consumption and economic development, which validates the feedback hypothesis of the mutual link between renewable energy consumption and economic development. Implications These findings suggest that Morocco's economic development is critical in providing the required resources for sustainable development. It also implies that boosting renewable energy utilization would enhance Morocco's economic development and limit environmental degradation.
The Efficacy of Manual Therapy and Pressure Biofeedback-Guided Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Strength Training on Pain and Functional Limitations in Individuals with Cervicogenic Headaches: A Randomized Comparative Study

Objective This study aimed to compare the efficacy of manual therapy and pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training on pain intensity and functional limitations in individuals with CGH. Trial Design. A double-blinded, two-arm parallel group randomized comparative design. Methods After applying the eligibility criteria, sixty out of eighty-nine CGH patients were recruited from King Saud University Medical Center in Riyadh and randomly allocated to intervention groups using simple random sampling. Group 1 underwent pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training and conventional treatment, while Group 2 received manual therapy and conventional treatment for three consecutive weeks. The main outcome measures were scores on the visual analog scale (VAS) and the headache disability index (HDI). One assessor and two physical therapists were blinded to group allocation. Results Sixty out of eighty participants aged 29–40 years were randomized into intervention groups (n = 30/group; age (mean ± standard deviation): group 1 = 35.0 ± 2.82; group 2 = 34.87 ± 2.60), and their data were analyzed. A significant improvement (95% CI, p < 0.05) was observed within each group when comparing the VAS and HDI scores between baseline and postintervention. In contrast, between-group comparisons for the outcome score of VAS and HDI revealed nonsignificant differences in the first, second, and third weeks after intervention, except for the VAS score, which showed a significant difference in weeks 2 and 3 after intervention. Cohen's d-value indicated that the intervention effect size for reducing pain was larger in group 1 than in group 2 at weeks 2 and 3. Conclusion Compared with manual therapy, pressure biofeedback-guided DCFM strength training showed a greater reduction in pain intensity (assessed using the VAS) at weeks two and three. However, both treatments were equally effective in lowering headache-related functional limitations in patients with CGH. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov PRS (Identifier ID: NCT05692232).
The Role of Cytokine-Inducible SH2 Domain-Containing Protein (CISH) in the Regulation of Basal and Cytokine-Mediated Myelopoiesis

Cytokine-inducible SH2 domain-containing protein (CISH) is a member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of negative feedback regulators shown to play crucial roles in lymphoid cell development and function as well as appetite regulation. It has also been implicated in the control of signaling downstream of the receptors for the cytokines granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in myeloid cells. To investigate the physiological role of CISH in myelopoiesis, mice deficient in CISH were analyzed basally and in response to administration of these cytokines. CISH knockout (KO) mice possessed basally elevated neutrophils in the blood, bone marrow, and spleen compared to wild-type (WT) mice. During GM-CSF-induced myelopoiesis, the frequency of neutrophils, myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), and CFU-M in the bone marrow was higher in the KO, as were the neutrophils and CFU-G in the spleen. In contrast, no differences were observed between KO and WT mice during G-CSF-induced myelopoiesis apart from an elevated frequency of CFU-G and CFU-M in the spleen. This work has identified a role for CISH in the negative regulation of granulopoiesis, including that mediated by GM-CSF.
Characteristics of Adolescents Admitted with Acute Alcohol Intoxication: A Retrospective Multicentre Study in Antwerp, Belgium, in the Period 2015–2021

Binge drinking among adolescents is common in Belgium, posing a risk of serious health consequences. Until today, only estimations of the prevalence of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) in adolescents have been made. Research into potential risk factors has not yet been conducted in Belgium. Therefore, this study aims to gain more insight into the prevalence, medical characteristics and potential risk factors of AAI among adolescents. A retrospective multicentre chart study was performed on adolescents aged 10–17 years with AAI in Antwerp, Belgium (2015–2021). Patient’s demographics, medical characteristics and information regarding the context of the AAI were collected from medical charts. Over the study period, a total of 1016 patients were admitted with AAI in Antwerp, having a median age of 16.6 years old, a median blood alcohol concentration of 1.95 g/L and combined drug use in 10% of cases. These findings did not significantly change over the study period. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that after correcting for covariates, higher age, no combined drug use and decreased consciousness at admission were associated with more severe AAI cases (higher blood alcohol concentration). This study shows that AAI is prevalent among Belgian adolescents, and better targeted preventive measures and policies are needed. Our findings could be taken into account when developing preventive measures. However, data addressing the demographics and context of AAI were mostly missing. Therefore, prospective research is required to further investigate potential risk factors associated with AAI.
Biochemical Verification of Tobacco-Use as an Inclusion Criterion in Smoking Cessation Trials- Lessons From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department

INTRODUCTION Biochemical verification of smoking status prior to recruitment into smoking cessation trials is widely used to confirm smoking status, most commonly using exhaled carbon monoxide (CO). There is variation in the level of CO used as a biochemical inclusion criterion, and thus the possibility for people reporting to be current smokers to be incorrectly excluded from trials. METHODS As part of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department, people attending the Emergency Department (ED) who reported being current daily smokers underwent CO testing to confirm eligibility. Elective semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the researchers who recruited participants. As part of the interviews, researchers were asked their views and experiences with CO testing. RESULTS Of the 1320 participants who reported being current daily smokers and underwent CO testing, 300 (22.7%) blew a CO reading of 7 ppm or less and were excluded from taking part. Possible explanations offered by researchers for participants blowing low CO readings were (1) long wait times in the ED, therefore a long period having elapsed since people had last smoked and (2) patients having reduced smoking for the period before the ED attendance due to ill health. CONCLUSIONS Biochemical verification has the potential to improve internal validity of smoking cessation for inclusion in trials, but at the cost of reduced generalisability through exclusion of participants who would receive the intervention if it were implemented in practice. We would recommend researchers carefully consider whether it is appropriate and necessary to include biochemical verification as an inclusion criterion.
Phonemic competition in end-to-end ASR models

Advanced end-to-end ASR systems encode speech signals by means of a multi-layer network architecture. In Wav2vec2.0, for example, a CNN is used as feature encoder on top of which transformer layers are used to map the high-dimensional CNN representations to the elements of some lexicon. Compared to the previous generation of ’modular’ ASR systems it is much more difficult to interpret the processing and representations in an end-to-end system from a phonetic point of view. We built a Wav2vec2.0-based end-to-end system for producing broad phonetic transcriptions of Dutch. In this paper we investigate to what extent the CNN features and the representations on several transformer layers of a pre-trained and fine-tuned model reflect widely-shared phonetic knowledge. For that purpose we analyze distances between phones and the phonetic features of the most-activated phones in the output of an MLP classifier operating on the representations in several layers.
Emotional Dimensions of Infidelity: An Analysis of Psychological and Emotional Factors Affecting Relationship Infidelity

This study examines the psychological and emotional aspects that influence romantic infidelity. The study uses quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to understand emotional infidelity and its effects on relationships. Emotional intimacy shapes people's reactions to emotional infidelity, according to study. Attachment theory shows how attachment styles affect people's willingness to form emotional bonds outside of committed relationships. Unmet emotional wants and fears prompt anxious attachment styles to seek emotional connections outside their partnerships. The study emphasizes relationship communication patterns. Open discourse, emotional sharing, and mutual understanding can avoid emotional infidelity, which is linked to poor communication. The study examines how internet interactions affect emotional infidelity. The findings highlight how easily emotional ties may grow on digital platforms, raising questions about the limits between online interactions and emotional closeness in committed relationships. This research affects relationship treatment and education. Communication skills, attachment insecurities, and emotional intimacy interventions can avoid emotional infidelity. Couples can create trust and contentment through nurturing emotional connections in the primary relationship. This study illuminates emotional infidelity's psychological and emotional aspects. This study examines attachment styles, communication patterns, and the digital age to inform future research, interventions, and methods for better relationships. In a changing world, emotional infidelity must be addressed to build lasting partnerships.
ECONOMICS OF RICE CULTIVATION UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Results of field experiment on the economics of water and N management practices on low land rice indicated that grain yield increased upto 150 kg N ha' in the South West Monsoon (SWM) and Summer seasons. Continuous 5 em submergence (1) or recouping submergence one day after disappearance (12) did not influence grain yield during SWM whereas continuous submergence was necessary to record more grain yield during summer. Straw yield recorded were highest with continuous submergence in both the seasons and with 225 kg N ha in SWM season and 150 kg N ha-1 in summer season. Gross and net returns as well as benefit cost ratio were highest with 150 kg N ha-1 in both the seasons. A gruss return of Rs.7121/- and 7432 ha were obtained with continuous submergence in SWM and summer seasons, respectively, whereas, net return and benefit cost ratio were highest with submergence one day after disappearance of water. The variety IR 50 outyielded CO37 in all the aspects of study. Recouping submergence one (SWM) or three (Summer) days after disappearance of water recorded more return per rupee invested on water and N in both the seasons. Application of N at 150 kg ha-1 gave higher retum per rupee on water, whereas, the net return per rupee on N decreased beyond 75 kg N ha-1.
New Capital Relocation of Indonesia: Estimating Food Demand in East Kalimantan and Jakarta

This research examines the current state of food demand and its influencing factors in East Kalimantan and Jakarta, considering the relocation of Indonesia’s capital city. Using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) method and 2021 Susenas data, we have analyzed the impact of variations in food prices, income, and demographic variables on seven food categories—rice, grains, tubers, legumes, animal protein, fruit & vegetables, and prepared food. Our findings reveal that increased income increases demand for animal protein and fruit & vegetables in East Kalimantan but decreases in Jakarta. In both regions, as expenditure increases, rice consumption decreases while the demand for prepared food increases. An increase of 1% in rice prices will reduce rice consumption by approximately 0.334-0.487% in East Kalimantan and 0.126-0.202% in Jakarta. Households in East Kalimantan consume more prepared food when prices for other food items increase. In Jakarta, prepared food consumption decreases as rice prices go up. Demographic factors play a crucial role in determining food demand. For example, public sector employees in East Kalimantan consume more rice and less prepared food, while in Jakarta, they prefer prepared food and consume less rice. It is essential to pay adequate attention to the demand for food for public workers who will move to East Kalimantan and the demographic factors that influence it. This consideration will ensure that the residents of East Kalimantan and those who relocate to the new capital receive the necessary food provisions.
Automatic Speaker Recognition performance with matched and mismatched female bilingual speech data

Validation of forensic voice comparison methods requires testing using speech samples that are representative of forensic casework conditions. Increasingly, around the world, forensic voice comparison casework is being undertaken using automatic speaker recognition (ASR) systems. However, multilingualism remains a key issue in applying automatic systems to forensic casework. This research aims to consider the effect of language on ASR performance, testing developers’ claims of ‘language independency’. Specifically, we examine the extent to which language mismatch either between the known and questioned samples, or between the evidential samples and the calibration data, affects overall system performance and the resulting strength of evidence (i.e., likelihood ratios for individual comparisons). Results indicate that mixed language trials produce more errors than single language trials which makes drawing evidential conclusions based on bilingual data challenging.
The Effects of Spiritual Leadership, Incentives, and Knowledge Sharing Behavior on Employee Performance at PT Malindo Karya Lestari Pekanbaru

This study aims to determine the spiritual leadership, incentives and knowledge sharing behavior on employee performance at PT Malindo Karya Lestari Pekanbaru. This analysis is based on 62 respondents who are all employees of PT Malindo Karya Lestari Pekanbaru. Analysis of the data used through validity test, reliability, classic assumption test and hypothesis test, It is expected that the results of this study can be an input for the company to pay more attention in making the vision statement process, directing the employees to work better and making adjustment to the incentives provided, company management also have to report the salary of employees in accordance with the salary received by the employee to the social security every month and the company management must also pay more attention to the capacity of existing knowledge in each employee so that employee can continue to learn and sharing knowledge with other colleagues.