Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macrochondrules in chondrites—Formation by melting of mega‐sized dust aggregates and/or by rapid collisions at high temperatures?

Abstract– Seventy‐four macrochondrules with sizes >3 mm were studied. Considering the extraordinary size of the chondrules (occasionally achieving a mass of 1000 times (and more) the mass of a normal‐sized chondrule), the conditions in the formation process must have been somewhat different compared with the conditions for the formation of the common chondrules. Macrochondrules are typically rich in olivine and texturally similar to specific chondrule types (barred, radial, porphyritic, and cryptocrystalline) of normal‐sized chondrules. However, our studies show that most of the macrochondrules are fine‐grained or have elongated crystals (mostly BO, RP, and C), which lead to the assumption that they were once totally molten and cooled quite rapidly. Porphyritic chondrules belong to the least abundant types of macrochondrules. This distribution of chondrule types is highly unusual and just a reverse of the distribution of chondrule types among the typical‐sized chondrules in most chondrite groups except for the CH and CB chondrites. New chondrule subtypes (like radial‐olivine [RO] or multi‐radial [MR] chondrules) are defined to better describe the textures of certain large chondrules. Macrochondrules may have formed due to melting of huge precursor dust aggregates or due to rapid collisions of superheated melt droplets, which led to the growth of large molten spherules in regions with high dust densities and high electrostatic attraction.
Comparative study of antioxidant properties of the extracts of Polygonum acre H.B.K.

Aims: This study aimed to characterize and compare the antioxidative potential ofextracts obtained by infusion, decoction, tincture, aqueous extraction, and hydroethanolicmaceration from the aerial parts of Polygonum acre H.B. K. , which hasbeen traditionally used in herbal preparations, for different purposes. The therapeuticbenefits are attributed to phenolic compounds and their antioxidant properties.Methods: All extracts were characterized considering their quantitative contentof the total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed and, hydrolysable tannins, by colorimetricmethods. EHW-PA was selected for HPLC analysis as it showed a higheryield (10.58 % w/m) and a phenolic content > 200 mg GAE/g dry extract. Thephenolic profile showed a chromatogram with 20 peaks, and the presence of gallicacid, rutin, and quercetin was verified by comparison with the retention times ofstandard compounds. The antioxidant activities were determined by ABTS capturetest, ferric reducing antioxidant power test (FRAP), and the superoxide anionscavenging test. Results: Tinctures showed a higher average content of phenoliccompounds, present mainly as flavonoid content. A significant correlation coefficientwas observed between the total phenolic content and its antioxidant activity,determining by ABTS and FRAP assays. Differently, a low to moderate correlationbetween the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was verified. Conclusion:This study reinforces the ethnopharmacological relevance of the Polygonumgenus and could contribute to the scientific basis for the use of P. acre preparations.
Mesoscale cloud pattern classification over ocean with a neural network using a new index of cloud variability

The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of a mesoscale (<300 km) cloud classification using infrared radiance data of satellite‐borne instruments. A new method is presented involving an index called the diversity index (DI), derived from a parameter commonly used to describe ecosystem variability. In this respect, we consider several classes of value ranges of standard deviation of the brightness temperature at 11 µm (σBT). In order to calculate DI for 128×128 km2 grids, subframes of 8 km×8 km are superimposed to the satellite image, and then σBT is calculated for all 256 subframes and assigned to one of the classes. Each observed cloud pattern is associated with an index characterized by the frequency of σBT classes within the scene, representative of a cloud type. Classification of different clouds is obtained from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)‐NOAA 16 data at 1 km resolution. Stratus, stratocumulus and cumulus are specifically recognized by this window analysis using a DI threshold. Then, a six‐class scheme is presented, with the standard deviation of the infrared brightness temperature of the entire cloud scene (σc) and DI as inputs of a neural network algorithm. This neural network classifier achieves an overall accuracy of 77.5% for a six‐class scheme, and 79.4% for a three‐class scheme, as verified against the analyses of nephanalists as verified against a cloud classification from Météo France. As an application of the proposed methodology, regional cloud variability over Pacific is examined using cloud patterns derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) carried aboard Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra polar orbiter platform, for February 2003 and 2004. The comparison shows regional change in monthly mean cloud types, associated with 2003 El Niño and 2004 neutral events. A significant increase in the occurrence of convective clouds (+15%) and a decrease in stratiform clouds (−10%) are observed between the two months.
Asiatic bittersweet presence and cover over 20 years in upland hardwood forests after hurricane disturbance

Abstract. Invasive exotic plants are one of the most challenging problems facing forest land managers. Many invasive species are shade intolerant and typically do not invade forest sites with dense tree canopies. In contrast, Asiatic bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.), a shade-tolerant exotic liana, is capable of colonizing and successfully growing in forest sites and has proven to be an aggressive competitor of native vegetation in the eastern USA. We investigated changes in the presence and cover of bittersweet after a hurricane-created major canopy disturbance in a southeastern USA upland hardwood forest over 20 yr. Bittersweet was present frequently in mesic but rarely in xeric forest sites. Bittersweet increased rapidly for the first 9 yr after a hurricane within disturbed sites; its presence then increased slowly to year 20. Bittersweet was more frequently found within versus outside wind-felled tree gaps; its presence was greater west and south of gap centers within gaps but was greater east and north of centers outside gaps in the unaffected forest. We attributed these location-based differences in presence to differences in available soil moisture. Bittersweet was present in extremely low light environments. As with presence, the rate of increase in bittersweet cover slowed 9 yr after a hurricane. Results of this long-term study will provide forest managers with information to evaluate the potential response of bittersweet to forest management treatments such as timber harvest.
Anomalías gravimétricas de la cuenca de Guadix-Baza (Cordillera Bética, España)

Gravimetric anomaly maps (Bouguer and residual) of the Guadix-Baza basin (Betic Cordillera, southern Spain) have been accomplished from the acquisition of 3648 new measurements. The residual anomaly map aims to evidence the features of the shallow crustal structures and clearly show the existence of several important depocentres (particularly that of the Baza sector) controlled by NNW-SSE faults in their eastern and western borders, while the northern borders are limited by the Cadiz-Alicante fault zone (s). The sedimentary facies and the thickness of the filling of the basin are consistent with the position of the depocentres: in the Baza area lacustrine facies are more abundant than in the depocentres of Guadix and Freila-Gorafe. The formation of the depocentres is clearly connected with the ENE extension affecting the whole cordillera.
Three‐dimensional gravity‐current flow within a subaqueous bend: Spatial evolution and force balance variations

The nature of three‐dimensional flow in submarine channel bends is poorly understood, largely due to the absence of detailed data from natural channels. Herein, data from density‐driven flows in a large reservoir on the Huanghe (Yellow) River are presented showing the spatio‐temporal variation of flow around a subaqueous bend. The data demonstrate for the first time that reversed helical flow, relative to that found in river channel bends, can occur from the centrifugal forcing of flow, even when the Coriolis force acts in the opposite direction. The data also suggest that reversed helical flow fields in submarine channels may be more frequent than currently estimated, notably for bends where Coriolis and centrifugal forces combine in the same direction. In addition, this study provides the first field evidence suggesting that sinuous submarine channels can exhibit an asymmetry in helical flow orientation between left and right‐turning bends, which will have major implications for the morphodynamics of submarine channels, their resultant patterns of sedimentation and, ultimately, the distribution of depositional units across submarine fan systems.
Time Domain Reflectometry Probe for Simultaneous Measurement of Soil Matric Potential and Water Content

Simultaneous measurement of matric potential, ψ, and water content, θ, is demanded in many disciplines. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been routinely used to measure water content and electrical conductivity of soil. Previous efforts to combine TDR probes with porous materials functioning as tensiometers were successful, but these probes were still constrained by characteristics of tensiometers, such as the need to supply water and measuring ranges ψ 85 kPa. A new ψ-θ TDR probe was developed to overcome shortcomings of the previous work. A portion of the TDR rod was embedded in a dental plaster (gypsum), whose matric potential equilibrated with surrounding soil. The rest of the TDR rod was inserted into the soil. The TDR technique was used to determine dielectric constants, κ, of both the gypsum and the soil. The new ψ-θ TDR probes were tested in clay loam soil using a pressure-plate apparatus to produce κ-ψ relationships of the gypsum and the soil for -1000 ≤ ψ ≤ 10 kPa. Changes in κ of the gypsum corresponded well to applied pressures for - 1000 ≤ ψ ≤ 30 kPa, but K values did not noticeably change for ψ > -30 kPa. Values of κ of the soil corresponded well to the whole ψ range tested. The new probes accurately measure θ and ψ of soil when soil water content gradually decreases or increases. The newly developed ψ-θ TDR probe requires no more maintenance than ordinary TDR probes and requires no additional instrumentation.
Calibrated multi‐model ensemble seasonal prediction of Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall

Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall (BSMR), typically from June through September (JJAS), represents the main source of water for multiple sectors. However, its high spatial and interannual variability makes the seasonal prediction of BSMR crucial for building resilience to natural disasters and for food security in a climate‐risk‐prone country. This study describes the development and implementation of an objective system for the seasonal forecasting of BSMR, recently adopted by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). The approach is based on the use of a calibrated multi‐model ensemble (CMME) of seven state‐of‐the‐art general circulation models (GCMs) from the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble project. The lead‐1 (initial conditions of May for forecasting JJAS total rainfall) hindcasts (spanning 1982–2010) and forecasts (spanning 2011–2018) of seasonal total rainfall for the JJAS season from these seven GCMs were used. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) regression is used to calibrate the raw GCMs outputs against observations, which are then combined with equal weight to generate final CMME predictions. Results show, compared to individual calibrated GCMs and uncalibrated MME, that the CCA‐based calibration generates significant improvements over individual raw GCM in terms of the magnitude of systematic errors, Spearman's correlation coefficients, and generalised discrimination scores over most of Bangladesh areas, especially in the northern part of the country. Since October 2019, the BMD has been issuing real‐time seasonal rainfall forecasts using this new forecast system.
Autumn and Extended Winter Daily Precipitation Variability over Central and Southern Scotland

Abstract This paper analyses the main geographic patterns of rainfall variability over Central and Southern Scotland at the daily timescale during the autumn and extended winter (SONDJFM) period. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to identify the most important rainfall patterns, with the first eight principal components (PC) accounting for 85.2% of the variance. The most important pattern (PC 1) is associated with a cyclonic W/SW flow and produces the wettest conditions in Renfrewshire and Dumbartonshire (PC 1); rainfall under the PC 1 pattern is widespread, with even the drier sites in eastern Scotland recording comparatively high totals. PC 2 produces wetter than average conditions in eastern Scotland (especially the Scottish Borders region) and so reduces the average rainfall gradient between the west (wetter) and the east (drier). All eight significant PCs are explained in terms of the atmospheric circulation and the geography of Scotland. Cluster analysis is then used to identify coherent rainfall regions. The regions on easterly days show the most difference from the other directions and the regions derived across all days.
HOLOCENE CENTURY-SCALE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY FROM WEST GREENLAND LAKE RECORDS

Synchronous changes in high-resolution loss on ignition profiles from widely separated shallow Arctic lakes in West Greenland suggest that sedimentary records of lake productivity provide a sensitive century-scale time series of variability in surface-air temperatures throughout the Holocene. Ice cover greatly reduces biological activity in arctic lakes, and the common productivity response among lakes is attributed to air-temperature–controlled variations in the length of the ice-cover period. Comparison with the Greenland oxygen isotope records from Summit ice cores demonstrates that the inferred temperature fluctuations in the lakes closely follow the century-scale fluctuations in the Greenland Ice Core Project δ 18 O record but correlate less well with the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 record. Low-altitude continental lake records thus not only confirm features of Holocene atmospheric temperature variability otherwise seen only in high-altitude ice cores from central Greenland, but also highlight discrepancies between the ice-core time series. The combined lake and ice-core data provide corroborative evidence for an intrinsically unstable Holocene climate in Greenland, including the 8200 yr B.P. event that is currently recognized as the most pronounced Holocene climatic cooling with possible global significance. Our finding of a link between paleoproductivity and surface-air temperature has important implications for reconstructing natural climate variability in areas where such information is still rare. The results illustrate the large potential of paleolimnological studies in the Arctic.
Sr/Ca in multiple species of planktonic foraminifera: Implications for reconstructions of seawater Sr/Ca

Sr/Ca ratios were measured on eight species of planktonic foraminifera from a core top transect of the North Atlantic. Five of the species (Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinella siphonifera) show remarkably little within‐species variability in Sr/Ca (1.2 ± 0.1%). Three globorotaliid species (Globorotalia hirsuta, Globorotalia inflata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides) show somewhat greater variability (3–7%). Interspecies variations are of ∼10%. The variability in globorotaliid Sr/Ca is explained either by a greater temperature sensitivity than for other species or by depth‐dependent dissolution. Other than this effect, the overwhelming control on foraminiferal Sr/Ca appears to be seawater Sr/Ca. In contrast, time series Sr/Ca records of four species from a North Atlantic sediment core over a glacial‐interglacial cycle show very significant differences. N. pachyderma shows large‐amplitude changes in Sr/Ca (9.7%), in phase with δ18O, whereas G. ruber shows the smallest amplitude changes (2.6%) out of phase with δ18O and most similar to model predictions for temporal changes in seawater Sr/Ca. Records of G. inflata and G. bulloides are intermediate (amplitude changes of 3.3–4.7%) and out of phase with δ18O. The lack of coherence in the time series records between the species shows that factors in additional to changing seawater Sr/Ca must affect planktonic foraminiferal Sr/Ca.
Tropospheric distributions of sulfuric acid‐water vapor aerosol nucleation rates from dimethylsulfide oxidation

Tropospheric distributions of H2SO4‐H2O binary nucleation rates are calculated from a 3D model with DMS chemistry. Two mechanisms are used that include and exclude an SO2‐independent H2SO4 production path. In the lower troposphere, the SO2‐independent path generates extra H2SO4 and, consequently, much higher aerosol nucleation rates. However, these rates are less than 10−5 particles cm−3 s−1 in most of the lower troposphere, which indicates that DMS oxidation does not lead to appreciable aerosol formation there. In the upper troposphere, binary nucleation is fairly insensitive to the mechanism differences, with both yielding rates that exceed 1 particle cm−3 s−1 in the upper tropics. These large upper tropospheric nucleation rates imply that the DMS cycle may have served as an important source of aerosols to the troposphere and stratosphere during preindustrial and volcanically‐quiescent periods, or during modern periods in clean marine regions where anthropogenic SO2 and H2SO4 are relatively low.
Storage Stability of Meat Analogs Supplemented with Vegetable Oils

The addition of various oils to meat analog has been an important topic to improving its juiciness and tenderness. However, this causes a concern about oil leaching from the meat analog during long-term storage. Here, we aimed to assess the storage stability of vegetable-oil-supplemented meat analogs and analyze the effects of temperature and storage period on their physiochemical characteristics. The meat analogs were prepared by adding 30 g castor oil, orange oil, palm oil, shortening, or margarine vegetable oil based on 100 g of textured vegetable protein. They were then stored at −18 or −60 °C for 6 months and analyzed at one-month intervals. The meat analog supplemented with orange oil had the highest water content (64.85%; 66.07%), hardness (35.48 N; 34.05 N), and DPPH-radical-scavenging activity (30.01%; 30.87%) under −18 and −60 °C, respectively, as well as the highest liquid-holding capacity in different conditions. During frozen storage, temperature barely affected the meat quality. The storage stability of all meat analog samples was maintained for 6 months, although the quality was slightly reduced with an increase in storage duration. Coliform group bacteria were not detected regardless of the storage condition. In conclusion, all results supposed that orange oil can be a promising candidate for improving the juiciness and tenderness of meat analogs, and the quality of samples was maintained for at least 6 months under frozen storage. The findings of this study are relevant to the development and promotion of meat analog as an alternative to animal meat.
The Combined Therapy of Cabozantinib, Crizotinib, and Osimertinib in a Lung Cancer Patient with Acquired MET Amplification and Resistance Mutations

EGFR-mutant lung cancers develop a wide range of potential resistance alterations under therapy with the third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib. MET amplification ranks among the most common acquired resistance alterations and is currently being investigated as a therapeutic target in several studies. Nevertheless, targeted therapy of MET might similarly result in acquired resistance by point mutations in MET, which further expands therapeutic and diagnostic challenges. Here, we report a 50-year-old male patient with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and stepwise acquired resistance by a focal amplification of MET followed by D1246N (D1228N), D1246H (D1228H), and L1213V (L1195V) point mutations in MET, all detected by NGS. The patient successfully responded to the combined and sequential treatment of osimertinib, osimertinib/crizotinib, and third-line osimertinib/cabozantinib. This case highlights the importance of well-designed, sequential molecular diagnostic analyses and the personalized treatment of patients with acquired resistance.
Response surface analyses of antihypertensive effects of angiotensin receptor blockers and amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in patients with essential hypertension

While previous studies have examined the dose-response characteristics of certain antihypertensive drugs alone or in combination, response surface analysis for combination therapies involving angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and either amlodipine (AML) or hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) has not been explored, particularly in the context of low-dose combinations. The objectives of present study were to generate useful dose-response information for the combination of ARB/AML or ARB/HCT and to predict the blood pressure lowering effects of combination therapies compared to monotherapies. We reviewed the New Drug Application data of combination drugs of ARB/AML and ARB/HCT. Data on systolic blood pressure (SBP), from studies conducted using a factorial dose-response design over a period of 8–12 weeks, were used. The placebo-subtracted SBP change was used for analysis. Response surface analyses of the collected data were conducted using a polynomial regression model. For ARB/AML combination, the quadratic polynomial regression model containing two linear terms, two quadratic terms, and one interaction term was best fitted to the naïve pooled data. Meanwhile, for ARB/HCT combination, the best-fitted model was a quadratic model that included two linear terms and two quadratic terms. The 1/2-dose combination of these medications, compared to each monotherapy, resulted in predicted SBP reductions that were 8–30% greater. The ratio of the estimated antihypertensive effects of the combination to the expected additive effects of each component ranged from 82% to 100% of the expected effect. These results can provide a rationale for developing lower-dose combinations of ARB/AML or ARB/HCT and assist in designing clinical trials.