Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Different Forms of Phosphorus in Surface Soils of Rice Growing Areas of Red and Laterite Zone of West Bengal

Phosphorus in soil is present in both organic and inorganic forms. In general, inorganic P is the predominant form of soil P, constituting 20 to 80% of the total P in the surface layer (Tomar 2003). It is the inorganic fraction, which is more intimately related to phosphate nutrition to plants in agricultural soils. Phosphorus transformation in soils involves complex microbiological, chemical and biological processes. Plant availability of inorganic P can be limited by the formation of sparingly soluble calcium phosphate in alkaline and calcareous soils; by adsorption onto Fe and Al oxides in acid soils and by formation of Fe and Al phosphate complexes with humic acids (Gerke 1992). The nature and distribution of different forms of P have provided useful information for assessing the available P status of soil and for estimating the degree of chemical weathering of the soil, P deficiency, etc. Estimation of available P indicates only the amount of P present in soil solution and soil surface which is available to plants but it does not indicate about the relative contribution of different fractions of P towards available P. Thus understanding of the relationship between various forms of P, their interactions in soil and various factors influencing P availability to plants is essential for efficient P management in soil.
Conducting a state‐of‐the‐art mental health survey in a traditional setting: Challenges and lessons from piloting the World Mental Health Survey in Qatar

A small country in the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar experienced rapid economic growth in the last 3 decades accompanied by major socio‐demographic shifts towards a younger and more highly educated population. To date, no national epidemiological study has examined the prevalence, associated factors, or sequelae of mental disorders in Qatar's general population.
Development of a Prediction Model for Patients at Risk of Incidental Skin Cancer: A Multicentre Prospective Study

In the absence of guidelines recommending routine total-body skin examination, patient concern remains the main factor in seeking consultation regarding suspicion of skin cancer. This study explores gaps in patients’ understanding of malignant skin lesions, through the factors associated with incidental skin cancer. Included patients had a confirmed histological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma. Tumour characteristics, patient demographics and other risk factors related to the development of skin cancer were obtained from each participant. The main measure was incidental skin cancer detection, using both binary logistic regression and Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) algorithm. Of the total tumours, 26.6% were detected incidentally. The following variables: male sex, living alone, long-axis diameter, tumour location, symptoms and time of disease evolution were independent predictors of incidental skin cancer. According to the CHAID algorithm, the most significant risk factor for incidental skin cancer was the absence of symptoms at diagnosis.
Study on Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Microelements in Niaowang Tea Production Areas

Characteristics and influencing factors of soil microelement contents in Niaowang tea production areas of Guizhou province were studied.The contents of Zn,Cu,Mn and Fe in the soils from Native tea plantation were significant, or extremely significant,higher than that from artificial tea plantation. The effecitive contents of surfacey(0~20 cm) and lower layer(20~40 cm)had significant differences at 0.01 levels.The contents of Zn,Cu and Fe had significant negative correlation with soil pH which suggested,soil pH affected the contents of soil effective available microelements.The contents of available Zn,Cu, Mn and Fe had significant positive correlation with the organic matter in the soil.The contents of available Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe have significant positive correlation with physical clay content(0.01 mm). The soil nutrients positive correlation with most of microelements.
Post-exercise cognitive testing to assess persisting alterations in athletes with a history of concussion

ABSTRACT Primary Objective: To determine whether a physical exercise protocol could reveal persistent cognitive alterations in university athletes with a history of concussion (HOC). Thirty-four HOC and 34 controls participated in this study. Research Design: Cross-sectional. Methods and Procedures: The exercise protocol consisted of a 20-min bout on a stationary bike at 80% of the theoretical maximal heart rate. Before and after the exercise, participants performed a computerized switch task designed specifically to recruit executive functions. Group × Condition (pre- and post-exercise) repeated measures of ANCOVAs for accuracy, reaction time, and inverse efficiency score on the switch task were conducted. Chi-square tests were run to determine if the proportion of HOC and controls who underperformed (at least 2SD lower than the control group’s average score) at rest and post-exercise were similar. Whilst no interaction or main effects were found with ANCOVAs, significantly more HOC athletes (21%) underperformed following exercise than at rest (3%) on the switch task, p = . 02. The current results indicate that an acute bout of exercise can reveal persistent alterations that are not present at rest in the protracted phase of concussion. They also highlight the importance of considering inter-individual differences in recovery trajectories.
The role of levosimendan in phosphine-induced cardiotoxicity: evaluation of electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters

Abstract Aluminum phosphide (AlP) causes serious poisoning in which severe cardiac suppression is the significant lethal consequence. According to evidence, levosimendan can exert outstanding cardiac support and protection in different pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which levosimendan may alleviate cardiovascular toxicity due to AlP intoxication in the rat model. The groups included control group (normal saline only), sole levosimendan groups (12, 24, 48 μg/kg), AlP group (10 mg/kg), and AlP + levosimendan groups receiving 12, 24, 48 μg/kg levosimendan intraperitoneally 30 min after AlP administration. Electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters (QRS and PR duration and ST height), heart rate, and blood pressure were monitored for 180 minutes. Also, after 24 h of poisoning, echocardiography was applied to assess left ventricle function. Evaluation of the biochemical parameters in heart tissue, including mitochondrial complexes I, II, IV activity, ADP/ATP ratio, the rate of apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate, and troponin I levels, were done after 12 and 24 h. AlP-induced ECG abnormalities (PR duration and ST height), reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, ejection fraction, and stroke volume were improved by levosimendan administration. Besides, levosimendan significantly improved complex IV activity, the ADP/ATP ratio, apoptosis, MDA, lactate, and troponin I level following AlP-poisoning. Our results suggest that levosimendan might alleviate AlP-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial activity and improving cardiac function. However, the potential clinical use of levosimendan in this toxicity needs more investigations.
A Comparative study on the effects of Yaji (Suya Meat sauce) and its spice constituents on the male reproductive profile of adult male Sprague Dawley rats

Objective This comparative study was designed to analyze the potential effects of Yaji (suya meat sauce) and its composite spices on male fertility based on testicular histology, serum testosterone level, and semen analysis parameters. Methods The study included 70 adult male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 120 g. They were divided into two experimental study groups, respectively analyzed for 28 and 56 days. Each group featured 35 rats, further subdivided into seven treatment groups (A - G; n=5 each). Group A - Control; Group B: 200 mg/kg of Yaji; Group C: 200 mg/kg of red pepper; Group D: 200 mg/kg of black pepper; Group E: 200 mg/kg of clove; Group F: 200 mg/kg of ginger; and Group G: 200 mg/kg of garlic given orally using an oral cannula. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized. Blood samples collected via cardiac puncture and their testes were excised and weighed. The cauda epididymis was excised for semen analysis using a Neubauer Counting Chamber (hemocytometer) and the testes were fixed in Bouin solution, processed, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results Significant increases (p<0.05) were seen in body weight, testicular weight, serum testosterone level, sperm count and motility in the Yaji treated groups, in addition to significant increases in serum testosterone level, sperm counts, and sperm motility, and enhanced spermatogenesis and proliferation of Leydig cells in vivo as compared to the groups given isolated component spices (groups C-G), which also showed significant changes in testosterone and semen analysis when compared with the control groups. Conclusions Yaji or its spice components can boost male fertility parameters when consumed in moderated quantities without the known cytotoxic additives or condiments such as monosodium glutamate.
Assessing the effects of Bt maize on the non-target pest Rhopalosiphum maidis by demographic and life-history measurement endpoints

Abstract The most commercialized Bt maize plants in Europe were transformed with genes which express a truncated form of the insecticidal delta-endotoxin (Cry1Ab) from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) specifically against Lepidoptera. Studies on the effect of transgenic maize on non-target arthropods have mainly converged on beneficial insects. However, considering the worldwide extensive cultivation of Bt maize, an increased availability of information on their possible impact on non-target pests is also required. In this study, the impact of Bt-maize on the non-target corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, was examined by comparing biological traits and demographic parameters of two generations of aphids reared on transgenic maize with those on untransformed near-isogenic plants. Furthermore, free and bound phenolics content on transgenic and near-isogenic plants were measured. Here we show an increased performance of the second generation of R. maidis on Bt-maize that could be attributable to indirect effects, such as the reduction of defense against pests due to unintended changes in plant characteristics caused by the insertion of the transgene. Indeed, the comparison of Bt-maize with its corresponding near-isogenic line strongly suggests that the transformation could have induced adverse effects on the biosynthesis and accumulation of free phenolic compounds. In conclusion, even though there is adequate evidence that aphids performed better on Bt-maize than on non-Bt plants, aphid economic damage has not been reported in commercial Bt corn fields in comparison to non-Bt corn fields. Nevertheless, Bt-maize plants can be more easily exploited by R. maidis, possibly due to a lower level of secondary metabolites present in their leaves. The recognition of this mechanism increases our knowledge concerning how insect-resistant genetically modified plants impact on non-target arthropods communities, including tritrophic web interactions, and can help support a sustainable use of genetically modified crops.
Health management and care following the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident: overview of Fukushima Health Management Survey

Following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, Fukushima Prefecture is conducting the Fukushima Health Management Survey, which has been contracted out to Fukushima Medical University. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the exposure doses and health conditions of the residents of Fukushima Prefecture in order to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases at an early stage, and to maintain and improve the health of residents in the future. This survey consists of a basic survey to estimate external exposure doses and detailed surveys to investigate health conditions. The detailed surveys comprise: (i) thyroid ultrasound examination; (ii) comprehensive health check; (iii) mental health and lifestyle survey; and (iv) pregnancy and birth survey. In the basic survey, the external exposure dose was estimated for >466,000 people during the first 4 months after the accident; it was estimated to be <5 mSv for 99.8% of residents. The thyroid ultrasound examination included four rounds of echo examinations covering approximately 380,000 children aged <18 years at the time of the accident in each round. The first, second, third, and fourth examinations identified 116, 71, 31, and 21 children with thyroid cancer/suspected cancer, respectively. The Fukushima Prefectural Oversight Committee analysed the results from the first and second examinations, and evaluated that ‘the detected increased rate is unlikely to be the impact of radiation’. However, the Oversight Committee is deliberating the future direction of thyroid examination, taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of the examination as well as ethical viewpoints. In the comprehensive health check, approximately 210,000 people in the evacuation area were examined, and increased rates of lifestyle-related diseases [e.g. obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia (low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol)] were confirmed. In the mental health and lifestyle survey, approximately 210,000 people, including residents in the evacuation area, were examined. A deterioration in general mental health was found for the period immediately after the accident across a wide range of age groups, and although recovery was seen over the years, the rate of mental health issues remains above the national average. The pregnancy and birth survey revealed that the pre-term birth rate, low-birthweight rate, and rate of congenital anomalies did not differ from the national average. The purpose of Fukushima Health Management Survey is not only to collect data on the health of the residents of Fukushima Prefecture, but to provide direct support to residents regarding the health issues clarified by the survey. Moreover, various initiatives are being implemented in cooperation with various local government authorities with the aim of maintaining and promoting the health of the residents.
Exploring the evolution and epidemiology of European CC1-MRSA-IV: tracking a multidrug-resistant community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone

This study investigated the evolution and epidemiology of the community-associated and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone European CC1-MRSA-IV. Whole-genome sequences were obtained for 194 European CC1-MRSA-IV isolates (189 of human and 5 of animal origin) from 12 countries, and 10 meticillin-susceptible precursors (from North-Eastern Romania; all of human origin) of the clone. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a maximum-likelihood approach, a time-measured phylogeny was reconstructed using Bayesian analysis, and in silico microarray genotyping was performed to identify resistance, virulence-associated and SCCmec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec) genes. Isolates were typically sequence type 1 (190/204) and spa type t127 (183/204). Bayesian analysis indicated that European CC1-MRSA-IV emerged in approximately 1995 before undergoing rapid expansion in the late 1990s and 2000s, while spreading throughout Europe and into the Middle East. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an unstructured meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) population, lacking significant geographical or temporal clusters. The MRSA were genotypically multidrug-resistant, consistently encoded seh, and intermittently (34/194) encoded an undisrupted hlb gene with concomitant absence of the lysogenic phage-encoded genes sak and scn. All MRSA also harboured a characteristic ~5350 nt insertion in SCCmec adjacent to orfX. Detailed demographic data from Denmark showed that there, the clone is typically (25/35) found in the community, and often (10/35) among individuals with links to South-Eastern Europe. This study elucidated the evolution and epidemiology of European CC1-MRSA-IV, which emerged from a meticillin-susceptible lineage prevalent in North-Eastern Romania before disseminating rapidly throughout Europe.
Comprehensive Care Management in Conjunction with Sputum Cytometry-Guided Pharmacotherapy in a Post-Discharge Clinic for Patients with COPD

Abstract Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are amongst the most common reasons for hospital admission, and recurrent episodes occur frequently. Comprehensive care management (CCM) strategies have modest effect in preventing re-admissions. The objectives of this study were to examine the utility of optimizing anti-inflammatory therapy guided by sputum cytometry in the post-hospitalization setting, and to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a clinic combining CCM and sputum-guided therapy. This is an observational study examining patients who received open-label CCM and sputum cytometry-guided pharmacotherapy in a COPD post-discharge clinic. Referral was based on high risk for readmission after hospitalization for AECOPD. The primary outcome was the change in COPD-related healthcare utilization before and after Visit 1, and this was analyzed with a mixed-effects negative binomial model controlling for age, number of follow-up clinic visits, pack years, current smoking and FEV1. Of 138 patients referred to the clinic, 73% attended at least one visit. Mean FEV1 was 42.8 (19.3) % predicted. Of the patients attending clinic, 42.6% produced an adequate sputum sample, and 32.7% had an abnormal sputum. By individual, infectious bronchitis was the most common (25.7%), followed by eosinophilic bronchitis (13.9%). Comparing the 6-months prior to and after the first clinic visit, there was a lower incidence rate ratio after visit 1 for COPD-related healthcare utilization (0.26 (95%CI 0.22,0.33; p < 0.001)). A COPD post-discharge clinic combining sputum-guided treatment and CCM was feasible and associated with a nearly 75% reduction in the incidence of COPD-related healthcare utilization.
Impact of the new pulmonary hypertension definition on long‐term mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing valve replacement

The new 2018 pulmonary hypertension (PH) definition includes a lower mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) cut‐off (>20 mmHg rather than ≥25 mmHg) and the compulsory requirement of a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥3 Wood units (WU) to define precapillary PH. We assessed the clinical impact of the 2018 compared to the 2015 PH definition in aortic stenosis (AS) patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR).
Occurrence of (–)-cis-chrysanthenyl acetate in Centipeda cunninghamii

Centipeda cunningharnii (DC.) A.Br. & Aschers (family Compositae) is a native perennial semi-erect herb growing to a height of 30 cm. I t occurs along the banks of dams and rivers, and in local depressions, in temperate regions of Australia. Growth and flowering take place in the warmer months as it is semi-dormant in winter.l,Z The plant is often referred to as "common sneezeweed" and "scentweed" because of its sternutatory and aromatic properties respectively. Late last century, this species, then grouped with other members of the same genus as Myriogyne minuta, was noted for its ability to relieve ophthalmia3 and was used by aborigines as a medicinal plant . 4 Steam-distillation of the dried plant material collected near Barry, N.S. W. , gave a low yield (0.2%) of a volatile oil. Examination of this material by infrared spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography indicated the presence of one major (45%) ester component, which could be isolated by fractional distillation. Analysis of the ester indicated the formula C,,H,,O,, while the spectral data suggested that it was an acetoxyl derivative of cc-pinene (1 ; X = Y = H) or a closely related system. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum exhibited two three-proton singlets at 6 0.92 and 1 . 44, a three-proton quartet (J 2.0 Hz) a t 6 1.68, and a broad one-proton multiplet a t 5.24, which correspond approximately to the signals for the gem-dimethyl, C2 methyl, and C3 vinylic protons respectively of u -~ inene . ~ In support of such a structure, irradiation at 6 5.24 caused the vinylic methyl signal a t 6 1.68 to collapse to a triplet (J 2 .0 Hz, homoallylic coupling). Singlets a t 6 2.08 (three protons) and 4.52 (Whiz 1.10 Hz) (one proton) were assigned to an acetoxyl group and the proton on the carbon bearing this group. Two broad two-proton multiplets at 6 2.15 and 2.33 accounted for the remaining signals. Assuming an u-pinene skeleton, the only position which the acetoxyl group could
Difference in the airway luminal area between the standing and supine positions using upright and conventional computed tomography

No clinical studies to date have compared the airway luminal area between supine and standing positions. Our aim was therefore to compare the airway luminal area between these two positions on computed tomography (CT) and to determine its correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Thirty‐two asymptomatic volunteers underwent both conventional (supine position) and upright (standing position) CT during deep inspiration breath‐holding. Pulmonary function tests were conducted on the same day. We measured the airway luminal area on CT in each position. Paired t‐tests and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. The average luminal areas of the trachea, right and left main bronchi, and average third‐generation airway were greater in the standing than the supine position by 3.4%, 6.1%, 5.5%, and 5.2%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between airway luminal areas and FEV1 tended to be higher in the standing than the supine position; this correlation was highest for the average third‐generation airway (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001). The airway luminal areas of the trachea, bilateral main bronchi, and average third‐generation airway were greater in the standing than the supine position. The average third‐generation airway area in the standing position had the highest correlation with FEV1.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor effects on heart failure hospitalization and cardiac function: systematic review

To systematically review randomized controlled trials assessing effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and cardiac structure/function and explore randomized controlled trial (RCT)‐derived evidence for SGLT2i efficacy mechanisms in heart failure (HF).
Determination of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in fertilizers by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and comparison with other techniques

Phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in 12 fertilizers were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and results were compared with those obtained by standard gravimetry (phosphorus) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) (potassium and magnesium). ICP-AES and gravimetry were also used to determine water-and citrate-soluble phosphorus in fertilizers. In all cases, precision and accuracy of the ICP-AES method were satisfactory. Certain differences, probably not significant for routine analyses, were observed between ICP-AES and gravimetry in determinations of total and citrate-soluble phosphorus when the measurements were performed strictly under conditions of repeatability.