Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acid-neutralising capacity and pharmacoeconomic studies of commercially available antacids in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia

Background: Antacids are common over-the-counter medications for relief in common dyspeptic symptoms. However, antacid use has decreased with the availability powerful acid suppressant medications such as histamine H2 blockers, proton-pump inhibitors and prostaglandin analogues. Of late, a resurgence in the usage of antacids has been noted because of the improved profiles of newer antacid formulations, for example, the addition of pain-relieving component, oxetacaine (a local anaesthetic), anti-flatulent (alginate base compounds), in some antacid preparations. Aims and Objectives: The study investigated the efficacy (in terms of acid-neutralising capacity [ANC]) and cost-effectiveness of commercially available antacid formulations (both liquid and solid formulations). Materials and Methods: ANC was carried out using simple titrimetric methods and cost-effectiveness of antacid preparations was based on cost (in Saudi riyal) per milliequivalents of the acid neutralised. Results: ANC/gram was highest for antacid A1 (Moxal Plus solid) and lowest for antacid A3 (Fawar effervescent powder). The ANC/gram varied greatly among different antacid products and it ranged from 3.48 to 13.18. In general, solid antacids showed a high ANC/gram compared to the liquid antacids. Furthermore, solid antacids were also found to be cost-effective compared to liquid dosage forms. In terms of efficacy, the newer antacid containing simethicone (A1) was found to be more cost-effective followed an antacid containing calcium carbonate (A2) and magnesium carbonate. Conclusion: In conclusion, mentioning ANC on antacid formulation labels may help to guide the choice of appropriate antacid, while cost-effectiveness study would govern the prescribing pattern of an antacid.
The prevalence of different refractive errors in the Delta region of Egypt

Introduction Epidemiologic research on the types and the distribution of refractive errors (REs) enable efficient planning to improve access to care. Aim The aim was to fill the informational gap concerning the prevalence of REs in different age groups in the Delta region of Egypt and to introduce recommendations and key points for researchers. Patients and methods This is a cross-sectional descriptive study for the prevalence of REs in the Delta region of Egypt among different age groups. The population-based study included 800 eyes of 400 patients from different age groups, 400 eyes in the child age group and 400 eyes in adult age group. Results and discussion The prevalence of myopia was higher than the prevalence of hyperopia. The prevalence of astigmatism was higher than myopia, but also higher than other studies. The prevalence of myopia was higher in the adult age group than in the child age group, which was consistent with that of other East Asian countries. The prevalence of hyperopia was higher in the child age group than in the adult age group. The prevalence of astigmatism was very high and slightly similar in both groups. Conclusion Correcting REs can reduce ophthalmic problems. Improving family awareness and promoting screening programs can be effective in identifying these errors and preventing visual impairment.
Risk factors for anterior open bite: A case–control study

Background: Anterior open bite (AOB) is noteworthy because it is a complex dysplasia, and clinical studies on this malocclusion are usually epidemiological studies or experimental models with small samples and no control group, which renders the data on AOB incomplete and therefore inconclusive. The objective this study was to assess the risk factors involved in developing AOB. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was provided with a total of 96 lateral cephalometric radiographs of male and female patients aged between 8 and 14 years were used, regardless of facial type. The dependent variable was the presence or absence of AOB, which divided the participants into case and control groups, respectively; these groups were matched for gender and age. The case and control groups data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential analysis by binary logistic regression using at the 5% significance level Results: The occurrence of AOB was associated with the presence of deleterious oral habits (P = 0.014; Chi-square test) and was approximately three times (odds ratio = 3.04) more likely to occur in participants with AOB. No significant association between the presence of mouth breathing and the occurrence of AOB was found (P = 0.151; Chi-square test). The odds associated with tongue interposition were 10.51 times higher than those of participants with no such deglutition. The odds associated with the dolichofacial pattern were 5.74 times those of participants with a nondolichofacial pattern. Conclusion: Tongue interposition and dolichocephalic facial pattern were risk factors for developing AOB.
Prevalence of Food Insecurity at Household Level and Its Associated Factors in Rural Puducherry: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Malnutrition is a consequence of food insecurity. Food insecurity in India became a public health problem due to explosive population growth and widening gap between rich and poor. It also has a detrimental effect on factors related to health and social well-being of the family. Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of food insecurity at household level in rural population and factors associated with it. Subjects and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the households of rural Puducherry. The adult females in the households were interviewed with a pretested semi-structured questionnaire in which, along with sociodemographic factors, food insecurity was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify the factors associated with food insecurity. Results: Out of 299 households that were assessed for food insecurity, 31.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.6–37.4) had food insecurity. Out of 95 households with food insecurity, 51 (17%), 37 (13%), and 7 (2%) had severe, moderate, and mild food insecurity, respectively. In univariate analysis, the presence of children in the family, using below poverty line ration card, and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with food insecurity. In multivariate analysis, socioeconomic status was significantly associated with food insecurity (rate ratio: 3.59; P < 0.001 [95% CI: 1.68–7.67]). Conclusions: One in three families experienced the food insecurity, and it was more among households with children. It has to be addressed to prevent nutrition-related disorders in community, particularly in children.
Exploring Husband's Attitude Towards Involvement in his Wife's Antenatal Care in Urban Slum Community of Mumbai

Background: Developing countries continue to have a high maternal mortality ratio. Antenatal care (ANC) has been termed as one of the “four pillars” of safe motherhood by the World Health Organization. Male involvement has been recognized as having a great impact on women's utilization of maternal health-care service. Objectives: The objective was to assess husband's knowledge and attitude toward their involvement in ANC and to determine factors that influence husband's attitude toward involvement in ANC. Methodology: A community-based observational cross-sectional study on husbands of pregnant women enrolled in an urban health center located in the Malvani slum community of Mumbai with a sample size of 86 was undertaken. Results: The study findings revealed that majority of the husbands 67.4% had a positive attitude, whereas 32.6% had a negative attitude toward involvement in ANC. Knowledge of the husbands regarding early registration of pregnancy, tetanus toxoid, routine blood investigations, and increased dietary requirements were 35%, 45%, 51%, and 65%, respectively. Husband's level of education, their occupation type, distance of health facility from home, length of time spent at health-care facility, and attitude of health-care providers affect the attitude toward involvement in their wife's ANC. Conclusion: Changes in husband's knowledge and attitude about ANC are necessary conditions required to detect pregnancy-related complications at the earliest and for prompt referral.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of Ozone therapy and Photodynamic therapy in non-surgical management of Chronic periodontitis: A split mouth longitudinal study

Background: A split-mouth longitudinal study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effect of ozonated water and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in nonsurgical management of chronic periodontitis, along with mechanical debridement procedure. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis were subjected to the study. Following the assessment of gingival index, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss, all patients underwent full-mouth scaling and root planing. Upper right and left quadrants of each patient were considered as sample sites in the study. Among these split-mouth sites, upper right quadrant of each patient was subjected to ozonated water irrigation with a 22-gauge needle and left upper quadrant was treated with PDT, which involved sulcus irrigation with indocyanine green dye (0.05 mg/ml) followed by low-level diode laser light application at 0.5 W and 810 nm (AMD Picasso) through a fiber-optic tip of 10 mm length, default angle of 60°, and fiber core diameter of 400 μm in noncontact continuous wave mode. Patients were recalled at the 2nd and 4th months regularly, and the therapy was repeated at the same sites in the same manner. Clinical parameters recorded before the study were assessed again at the end of the 2nd- and 6th-month period. Results: A statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) was observed in gingival index scores within both the study groups at all intervals of the study. In Ozone therapy (OT) group, a statistically significant difference was noted for total periodontal pocket depth values between baseline and 2nd month (P = 0.000), baseline and 6th month (P = 0.000), and between 2nd month and 6th month (P = 0.029). In the PDT group, on contrary, a statistically significant difference was noticed in total periodontal pocket probing depth values between baseline and 2nd month (P = 0.000) and baseline to 6th month (P = 0.000), but a similar significant difference was not noticed between 2nd-month and 6th-month periods (P = 0.269). In group OT, a statistically significant difference was noted for total clinical attachment loss between baseline and 2nd month (P = 0.000), baseline and 6 months (P = 0.000), and 2nd month and 6th month (P = 0.019). In group PDT, a statistically significant difference in terms of its improvement was noted at intervals between baseline and 2 months (P = 0.000) and from baseline to 6 months (P = 0.000) but not between 2nd month and 6th month (P = 0.129). Conclusion: Results of the study showed that sub-gingival OT and PDT equally improved the clinical outcomes of treatment drastically following mechanical debridement at the end of first 2 months. Thereafter, it was shown to improve steadily throughout the study period, with slightly better results with OT compared with PDT.
Effects of Open and Closed Tracheal Suctioning on Pain in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Background: Painful care procedures are the most common cause of stress in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Tracheal suctioning is the most painful experience for ICU patients. The present study was conducted to compare open and closed endotracheal suctioning in terms of their effect in pain in mechanically ventilated patients. Materials and Methods: The present clinical trial recruited 70 mechanically ventilated patients with tracheostomy in 2019. The eligible patients were randomly divided into open and closed suctioning groups. The pain was measured in the patients using the Critical Pain Observational Tool (CPOT) before and during suctioning as well as 10 and 30 min later. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), paired t-test, and Chi-squared test. Results: The pain score was significantly higher in the open suctioning group during (t = 2.59, p = 0.01) and 10 min after suctioning (t = 3.02, p = 0.004). No significant differences were observed in the pain score between the two groups 30 min after suctioning (t = 0.32, p = 0.75). The post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed that the CPOT scores 10 min after suctioning was significantly higher than that before suctioning and significantly lower than that during suctioning (p = 0.001). The CPOT score 30 min after suctioning was also significantly lower than that 10 min after suctioning (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present findings suggested a lower pain in the patients with closed suctioning compared to those with open suctioning.
The clinical and immunological profiles of systemic lupus erythematosus patients from Assam, North-East India

Objective: The objective of this study is to document the clinical and immunological profiles of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from the Upper Assam region and to evaluate the relevance of autoantibody combinations on the clinical presentation of SLE. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-five SLE patients were enrolled in the study. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) profiles and titers of autoantibodies were determined using the ANA blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The patients were clustered based on autoantibody titers and clinical features among the clusters were compared. Results: Mucocutaneous (87.59%), hematological (69.65%), renal (58.03%), and musculoskeletal (50.34%) manifestations were the common clinical complications, whereas anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) antibody was noted in 62.76% of the patients. Patient clustering using autoantibody titers revealed that the cluster with a combination of high titers of anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome (Nuc), and anti-ribosomal P (Rib-P) antibody had complex disease presentation with higher frequencies of oral/nasal ulcer, serositis, musculoskeletal, hematological, and central nervous system manifestations. Conclusion: The most common clinical features of the SLE patients were mucocutaneous, hematological, renal and musculoskeletal manifestations, and anti-dsDNA antibody was the most frequent autoantibody. A combination of high titers of anti-dsDNA, anti-Nuc, and anti-Rib-P antibodies showed association with disease complexity but not the combinations of autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens.
The Effect of Combined Inhalation Aromatherapy with Lemon and Peppermint on Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Nausea and vomiting are almost inevitable features of pregnancy which have a serious impact on the quality of life of pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the effects of combined inhalation aromatherapy with lemon and peppermint on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 pregnant women suffering from nausea and vomiting of pregnancy referred to health centers in Birjand-Iran- from February 2015 to August 2016. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The combined lemon and peppermint essential oils were used as an inhaler for the intervention and the placebo for the control group. Both groups were trained to place three drops of the solution onto a cotton ball and keep it in a 3-cm distance of their nose. The intensity of nausea, vomiting and fatigue was assessed through 24-hour Pregnancy Unique Quantization of Emesis (PUQE-24) questionnaire and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), respectively. Results: Mean (SD) scores of nausea and vomiting intensity before the intervention and on the first day of intervention were not significantly different between the two groups, but became significant on the second, third, and fourth days of intervention. The results showed that the effect of time on the mean intensity of nausea and vomiting was significant in the aromatherapy group (F2,84 = 22.92, p < 0.001) but was not significant in the placebo group (F2,78 = 0.26, p = 0.836). Conclusions: The combined lemon and peppermint aromatherapy could reduce mild to moderate intensity of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
A comparative evaluation of propolis and light-cured ormocer-based desensitizer in reducing dentin hypersensitivity

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and the durability of propolis and Light-cured ormocer-based desensitizer (Admira Protect, Voco: Cuxhaven Germany) in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 2 months on 13 patients with 72 hypersensitive teeth, randomly allocated into three treatment groups: Group A: Treated with Propolis, Group B: Admira protect (Voco: Cuxhaven Germany), and Group C: Sterile water (Placebo control). Baseline sensitivity was recorded by the operator using tactile and evaporative stimuli. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record the degree of sensitivity perceived by the patients. All the groups received applications of allotted materials on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. After each applications VAS scoring was recorded. On day 30 and 60, only pain evaluation was done to determine the durability of each test materials. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA and post hoc test was done for multiple comparison. Results: All the groups showed significant results in reducing DH. Among Groups A and B, Group B showed immediate postoperative result at the end of the 1st week. Conclusion: Both the test materials were effective in reducing DH but Admira protect was found to be more efficient in reducing pain with longer duration of action (CTRI regd no: CTRI/2017/12/010755).
Professional Responsibility and Its Related Factors among Bachelor Degree Nursing Students in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Professional responsibility is important for bachelor degree nursing students, but it has not been measured specifically among these students and findings of the studies on its related factors are inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the level of professional responsibility and its related factors among bachelor degree nursing students in selected public nursing schools in Iran. Materials and Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 388 bachelor degree nursing students from 8 selected public nursing schools in Iran were selected through convenience sampling (2018–2019). The participants completed the demographic questionnaire and Responsibility among Bachelor Degree Nursing Students Scale (RABDNSS). This valid and reliable scale consists of 45 items that determine professional responsibility and its 5 subscales. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods in SPSS software. Results: The mean (SD) total score of professional responsibility was 175.26 (23.58), indicating a high level of responsibility. The highest and lowest mean (SD) scores were obtained in the subscales of situational self-mandatory 4.20 (0.52) and positive professional attitude 3.71 (0.82), respectively. Students' educational grade average and level of interest in nursing were significantly correlated with professional responsibility and its subscales (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The relationship of students' interest in nursing and students' educational grade average with professional responsibility can be useful for planning admission policies and evaluating and promoting professional responsibility related behaviors among nursing students. However, further research in these areas is recommended.
Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from sea foods of Tuticorin

Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods from the landing centres of Tuticorin was investigated. The MPN of V.parahaemolyticus was found to be 150 per 10 g in Portunus pelagicus and Penaeus indicus among the crustaceans; 240 per 10g in the finfish Hemiramphus far and 93 per 10g in the gastropod Chicoreus virgineus. The antibiotic susceptibility of V.parahaemolyticus isolates were evaluated using ten antibiotics, namely Ampicillin, Bacitracin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Neomycin, Oxytetracyclin, Penicillin, Streptomycin and Vancomycin. 97.6% of the strains showed resistance to Bacitracin and Vancomycin. The resistance pattern was found to be: Bacitracin > Vancomycin > Erythromycin > Penicillin > Oxytetracyclin > Streptomycin > Ampicillin > Gentamycin > Neomycin > Chloramphenicol. 81% of the strains were found to be sensitive to Chloramphenicol
Interindividual differences in memory system local field potential activity predict behavioral strategy on a dual‐solution T‐maze

Individuals can use diverse behavioral strategies to navigate their environment including hippocampal‐dependent place strategies reliant upon cognitive maps and striatal‐dependent response strategies reliant upon egocentric body turns. The existence of multiple memory systems appears to facilitate successful navigation across a wide range of environmental and physiological conditions. The mechanisms by which these systems interact to ultimately generate a unitary behavioral response, however, remain unclear. We trained 20 male, Sprague–Dawley rats on a dual‐solution T‐maze while simultaneously recording local field potentials that were targeted to the dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Eight rats spontaneously exhibited a place strategy while the remaining 12 rats exhibited a response strategy. Interindividual differences in behavioral strategy were associated with distinct patterns of LFP activity between the dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Specifically, striatal‐hippocampal theta activity was in‐phase in response rats and out‐of‐phase in place rats and response rats exhibited elevated striatal‐hippocampal coherence across a wide range of frequency bands. These contrasting striatal‐hippocampal activity regimes were (a) present during both maze‐learning and a 30 min premaze habituation period and (b) could be used to train support vector machines to reliably predict behavioral strategy. Distinct patterns of neuronal activity across multiple memory systems, therefore, appear to bias behavioral strategy selection and thereby contribute to interindividual differences in behavior.