Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK and FISHERIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALISATION AND AGRICULTURAL TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH CONVERGENCE IN AFRICA

Reducing income inequality in Africa rests on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth and convergence. Liberalizing agricultural trade has emerged as a force of agricultural TFP growth convergence. Notwithstanding increasing agricultural trade, TFP in Africa is falling while the differences in TFP growth rates remain wide. We provide evidence on the impact of agricultural trade liberalization on agricultural TFP growth convergence. We examine trade by origin, disaggregated into intra-Africa, and rest-of-the-world trade. Also, we recognize the uniqueness of agricultural trade liberalization and analyze the effect of the removal of trade-distorting agriculture support. Using maize and rice data for the period 2005-2016, we apply a Feasible-Generalized-Least-Squares estimation of panel data models derived from Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1990). We find evidence for both absolute and conditional convergence, which is stronger for maize. Moreover, agricultural trade openness speeds up TFP growth convergence for both crops. Convergence speed is higher for intra-Africa trade. Estimations on domestic agriculture support suggest that reduction of support beyond distortion-free levels enhances TFP growth convergence. Our findings call for more agricultural trade liberalization. We appeal that the recently launched Africa Continental Free Trade Area prioritizes intra-Africa agricultural trade liberalization and further elimination of trade-distorting domestic agriculture support. and -0.0493 suggests that a 1% lower level of initial TFP relates to 0.08% and 0.05% higher rate of TFP growth respectively. The subsequent increased from 5.61% to 5.85% for maize and 1.17% to 3.87% for rice. We submit that agricultural trade openness enhances convergence in agricultural TFP. The rates of convergence are higher than the iron-law rate of 2% documented for convergence in income per capita by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1990). Our findings are in tandem with a close study by Shittu and Odine (2014) which supported that trade openness speeds up agricultural TFP growth convergence in some parts of SSA.
Research on 3D Reconstruction of Furniture Based on Differentiable Renderer

Due to the self-obscuration, traditional 3D reconstruction algorithms have difficulty in recovering the 3D structure of an object from a single image. With the rapid development of convolutional neural networks, 3D reconstruction based on deep learning has attracted a wide range of attention from researchers. However, it is expensive to obtain the 3D supervised data corresponding to the objects. To solve the above problems, we combine convolutional neural networks with differentiable renderer and propose the Mesh_CA in this paper, which enables reconstruction of a single image without 3D supervision data. Specifically, an ellipsoid is first initialized for each input single view, and then the features extracted by the convolutional neural network are used to guide the deformation of the ellipsoid to obtain the generated 3D object; After that, the generated object is passed into the differentiable renderer and its corresponding contour information is output; finally, calculating the error between the predicted contour and the real one, and the final 3D object is obtained after training and testing. By training and testing on five types of furniture objects on a large-scale public dataset ShapeNet, the performance of the proposed Mesh_CA surpasses current classical methods.
“We Just Think of Her as One of the Girls”: Applying a Trans Inclusion Staged Model to the Experiences of Trans Children and Youth in UK Primary and Secondary Schools

Background/Context: Throughout the past decade increasing numbers of trans children are being supported in childhood, with schools in countries across the world tasked with educating a generation of (known) trans pupils. Schools can adopt diverse approaches to inclusion or exclusion of trans pupils, with consequences for trans children’s well-being and safety at school. The literature includes extensive critique of the limitations of common approaches to trans inclusion, highlighting negative impacts on trans pupils. Purpose: This article aims to reframe and bring nuance to conversations on trans inclusion in education, drawing on primary research in the UK to make explicit different approaches to trans inclusion, their ideological underpinnings, and their implications for how trans children are welcomed in our schools. Setting: The research took place in the UK, with interviews conducted at a time of escalation of anti-trans discourse in UK courts and media. Population: This article draws on data from two qualitative research projects focusing on the experiences of trans and nonbinary children and their parents in the UK: one focusing on trans children aged 3–12 years, and the other on trans young people aged 12–18 years. Research Design: Semi-structured interviews explored trans children’s experiences in education in the UK, with a focus on trans-inclusive approaches to school culture, restrooms, and team sports. Data were analyzed against the trans inclusion staged model (TISM), a framework for distinguishing between different approaches to trans inclusion. Findings: Within the TISM we differentiate between trans-oppressive, trans-assimilationist, trans-accommodative, and trans-emancipatory approaches to educational inclusion. Interviews highlighted the harms and injustices in nonemancipatory approaches, revealing the role of cis supremacy in forcing trans pupils into positions of vulnerability. Conclusion/Recommendations: The TISM emphasizes the structural and systemic nature of trans oppression, illuminating the power imbalances embedded in nonemancipatory approaches, and acknowledging the need for fundamental reform. We recommend analysis and recognition of school practices that are trans-oppressive, trans-assimilationist, trans-accommodative, or trans-emancipatory. We call for increased recognition of cis supremacy within education and commitment to emancipatory approaches to trans inclusion, enabling progress toward equity and gender justice in our schools.
Raman scattering in CuInS2xSe2(1-x) mixed crystals

Raman spectra of CuInS2xSe(1-x) mixed crystals are reported. The dependence of the mode frequencies on the composition is studied. Two-mode behaviour is observed for the higher-frequency phonons. One-mode behaviour is found for the low-frequency modes corresponding to the zone-edge acoustic phonons of zincblende.
Network Inspection from Locations with Imperfect Detection Capabilities

We consider a two-player network inspection game, in which a defender positions a limited number of detectors according to a probability distribution in order to detect multiple attacks caused by an attacker. We assume that detection is imperfect, and each detector location is associated with a probability of detecting attacks within its set of monitored network components. The objective of the defender (resp. attacker) is to minimize (resp. maximize) the expected number of undetected attacks. Under mild assumptions on the detection capabilities and the number of attacks, we analytically characterize Nash equilibria of this zero-sum game when the monitoring sets are mutually disjoint. Our equilibrium analysis shows how the criticality of network components jointly depends on both players’ resources, detection rates, and the network topology. We leverage our results in the disjoint case to provide heuristic solutions to the general case by solving a minimum weighted set cover problem. Our computational results on a benchmark distribution network illustrate the performance and scalability of our solution approach.
Development of Application-Based Field Tennis Training Model

This study aims to produce a model product for tennis tactics training in the form of an application and to determine the feasibility of a model guide for tennis tactics training models. This research is development research using a development research model. Validation is carried out by experts in their fields with material experts and media experts. The trial consists of small-scale trials and large-scale trials. Subjects who participated in this study amounted to 20 samples. The result of this research is to create a field tennis tactics training model that is developed and packaged in the form of an application. The tactical training model developed is classified as "very feasible" based on the results of validation carried out by material experts, media experts, and assessments from coaches and players. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the developed tactical training model is feasible to use.
Adaptive Predefined-Time Control for Lü Chaotic Systems via Backstepping Approach

This brief focuses on the adaptive predefined-time backstepping control for Lü chaotic systems with an unknown parameter. Different from the existing research on convergence-time control for chaotic systems, based on the backstepping technique, an improved predefined-time stable lemma for strict-feedback systems is proposed, which can achieve precise control about convergence time. Moreover, a predefined-time control scheme is designed using the proposed lemma to suppress the chaotic phenomenon and stabilize the Lü chaotic systems with predefined time. And, a novel adaptive updating law is designed to make the derivative of Lyapunov function satisfy the predefined-time stable form. The stability analysis proves that the signals in the Lü chaotic system are predefined-time stable and the convergence time can be specified by the user. Finally, a simulation example is provided to prove the effectiveness of the presented predefined-time control scheme.
Capacitor-Less 4F DRAM Using Vertical InGaAs Junction for Ultimate Cell Scalability

In this work, we demonstrated capacitor-less 4F2 2-terminal InGaAs npn junction DRAM through careful device design. Using epitaxially grown InGaAs which have a steep junction, fabricated InGaAs bistable resistor (biristor) DRAM showed low voltage operation (~2 V), fast switching speed (<20 ns), long-term retention (103 s at 85 °C), and high endurance (>1010 cycles) with a high sensing margin. Considering this feasibility study, we believe that InGaAs <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{n}^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>pn+ junction DRAM could be a good technological option for future scalable 3D DRAM.
Hubungan Derajat Nyeri pada Brief Pain Inventory dengan Stadium Kanker Payudara

Breast cancer is a condition in which cells have undergone normal repairs, resulting in abnormal growth. In Indonesia, patients with metastatic cancer (stage IV) tend to have a lot of complaints and complications due to cancer they experience. Pain is the main complaint that is often complained of. Objectives: To determined the relationship between the degree of pain in BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) and the stage of breast cancer. Methods: Research conducted is analytic with cross-sectional design. The study sample was patients diagnosed with breast cancer in RSUP HAM who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the total sampling method. Research data are primary data taken using interview techniques. The research instrument was the BPI questionnaire. BPI is a measure of pain experience that measures the severity of pain and disruption of daily functioning due to the pain experienced by patients. Measured using a ratio scale where the score of 0 is the lowest and the ten highest scores have the worst pain intensity. Results: The analysis of the Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between the degree of pain and the stage of breast cancer in RSUP HAM with a p= 0,01 (p<0,05. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the degree of pain and the stage of breast cancer.Keywords: BPI, breast cancer, pain, stage
Spectropolarimetry of Sunspot Penumbrae -- A Comprehensive Study of the Evershed Effect Using High Resolution Data from the Space-Borne Solar Observatory HINODE

High resolution spectropolarimetric data obtained by HINODE is used to characterize the small-scale penumbral magnetic field as well as the vertical and horizontal component of the Evershed effect (EE). The results demonstrate that the penumbral velocity field differs significantly from that of the quiet Sun. Morphological studies yield elongated upflow channels in the inner penumbra and round downflows in the outer penumbra. These flows are identified as the sources and the sinks of the EE. Remarkable is the high plasma velocity in these sinks, which is much larger when compared to the quiet Sun. Furthermore, an extraordinary high zenith angle was found for the penumbral downflows. The small-scale velocity field within penumbral filaments is investigated both by statistics and case studies. The outcome of these surveys confirms the predictions of penumbral flux-tube models. Additionally, bright penumbral downflows as well as two families of penumbral filaments are studied. Observations of sunspots close to the solar limb are used to review the horizontal component of the EE. Asymmetries of Stokes profiles prove that the penumbral plasma flow is concentrated in the deep photosphere and that its amplitude diminishes much faster with height when compared to the quiet Sun. Furthermore, the magnetized character of the horizontal and the vertical EE is unequivocally confirmed. In contrast to previous studies, this analysis proves that the sinks of the EE are filled with a magnetic field of opposite polarity. Finally, the influence of atmospheric parameters on the asymmetries of Stokes profiles is explored within the framework of a two-layer model atmosphere and by means of spectral inversion. Interestingly, it is only the polarity of the gradients with height of the magnetic field strength that causes the sign of the total net circular polarization in the center side penumbra.
Determination of the Relationship Between Disease Managements and the Perception of Nursing Support of Parents Whose Children are Monitored in an Intensive Care Unit

ABS TRACT Aim: This study was conducted descriptively to determine the relationship between disease managements and the perception of the support given by nurse of the parents whose children were monitored in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out between August-December 2018 in a PICU. The sample of the study comprised 108 parents whose children were being monitored for a chronic disease diagnosis. The study data were collected via two data collection forms, “The Family Management of Childhood Chronic Conditions” (FaMM) and “Nurse Parent Support Tool” (NPST). Results: The parents’ gender, knowledge about the disease and the FaMM three sub-dimension score averages were not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the difference between the parents’ educational background, income status, the factors of support from the social environment and the sub-dimension score averages were significant (p<0.05). While the difference between the interviewed parents’ gender and income status and NPST score averages were not significant (p>0.05); the difference between the interviewed parents’ educational background, knowledge about the disease, the status of support from the social environment and NPST score averages were significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that as the perceived support from nurses of the parents of the child with chronic disease increases, the disease management increases.
On the noise amplification of primal-dual gradient flow dynamics based on proximal augmented Lagrangian

In this paper, we examine amplification of additive stochastic disturbances to primal-dual gradient flow dynamics based on proximal augmented Lagrangian. These dynamics can be used to solve a class of non-smooth composite optimization problems and are convenient for distributed implementation. We utilize the theory of integral quadratic constraints to show that the upper bound on noise amplification is inversely proportional to the strong-convexity module of the smooth part of the objective function. Furthermore, to demonstrate tightness of these upper bounds, we exploit the structure of quadratic optimization problems and derive analytical expressions in terms of the eigenvalues of the corresponding dynamical generators. We further specialize our results to a distributed optimization framework and discuss the impact of network topology on the noise amplification.
On some properties of the scan statistic on the circle and the line

The scan statistic is defined as the supremum of a particular continuous-time stochastic process, and is used as a test statistic for testing uniformity against a simple clustering type of alternative. Its distribution under the null hypothesis is investigated and weak convergence of the stochastic process to the appropriate Gaussian process is proved. An interesting link is forged between the circular scan statistic and Kuiper's statistic, which rids us of the trouble of estimating a nuisance parameter. Distributions under the alternative are then derived, and asymptotic power comparisons are made.
M3FPU: Multiformat Matrix Multiplication FPU Architectures for Neural Network Computations

Parallel computing performance on floating-point numbers is one of the most important factors in modern computer systems. The hardware components of floating-point units have the potential to improve parallel performance and resource utilization, however, the existing vector-type multiformat parallel floating-point units cannot take advantage of them. We propose M3FPU, a new matrix-type multiformat floating-point unit that applies an outer product matrix multiplication method to a multiplier tree of floating-point units to increase parallelism and resource utilization by the square. M3FPU utilizes the unused part of the multiplier tree of the existing floating-point unit that is filled with zeros. The proposed M3FPU is implemented on a 12nm silicon process and achieves a 44.17% smaller area compared to the state-of-the-art multiformat floating-point unit architecture when supporting the same number of 8-bit floating-point number parallel operations.
The metric dimension of strong product graphs

For an ordered subset S = {s1,s2,. sk} of vertices and a vertex u in a connected graph G, the metric representation of u with respect to S is the ordered k-tuple r(u|S) = (dG(v,s1),dG(v,s2),. , dG(v,sk)), where dG(x,y) represents the distance between the vertices x and y. The set S is a metric generator for G if every two different vertices of G have distinct metric representations. A minimum metric generator is called a metric basis for G and its cardinality, dim(G), the metric dimension of G. It is well known that the problem of finding the metric dimension of a graph is NP-Hard. In this paper we obtain closed formulae and tight bounds for the metric dimension of strong product graphs.
Low-Fidelity Gradient Updates for High-Fidelity Reprogrammable Iterative Learning Control

We propose a novel gradient-based reprogrammable iterative learning control (GRILC) framework for autonomous systems. Performance of trajectory following in autonomous systems is often limited by mismatch between a complex actual model and a simplifed nominal model used in controller design. To overcome this issue, we develop the GRILC framework with offline optimization using the information of the nominal model and the actual trajectory, and online system implementation. In addition, a reprogrammable learning strategy is introduced which incorporates directly the learned primitives stored into a library, for future motion planning. The proposed method is applied to the autonomous time-trialing example. The simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
New bounds for Szemeredi's theorem, II: A new bound for r_4(N)

Define r_4(N) to be the largest cardinality of a set A in {1,. ,N} which does not contain four elements in arithmetic progression. In 1998 Gowers proved that r_4(N) 0. In this paper (part II of a series) we improve this to r_4(N) << N e^{-c\sqrt{log log N}}. In part III of the series we will use a more elaborate argument to improve this to r_4(N) << N(log N)^{-c}.
Portraits of elementary schools in practicing integrated multiliteracy in learning: A phenomenological study

In society 5.0, everyone is faced with multiliteracy. Ideally, this multiliteracy is learned from elementary school. However, information on the implementation of learning that trains multiliteracy has not been widely studied. This study aims to describe or photograph the implementation of multiliteracy learning carried out by teachers in elementary schools. This research is a phenomenological type of qualitative research. The participants of this study were elementary schoolteachers in Indonesia. Data were collected by interviewing teachers and observing multiliteracy learning in schools. Data analysis was carried out using the Bogdan and Biklen model with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results show that the teachers’ understanding of multiliteracy was not correct. The implementation of learning that leads to multiliteracy learning has not been carried out; it is still limited to reading and writing activities. Keywords: Multiliterate learning, elementary school, phenomenology.
Talaromyces marneffei is the Persistent Overwhelming Bloodstream Infection Pathogen Among HIV Inpatients in Fujian, China

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and etiological spectrums of BSI in Fujian over the past 6 years in the post antiretroviral treatment (ART) era. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted to include positive BSI inpatients with HIV between September 2015 and August 2021 in Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, the largest designated HIV/AIDS care hospital in Fujian, China. Demographic data and laboratory data including gender, age, blood cell counts, biochemistry results, CD4 and CD8 cell counts, HIV-RNA loads, pathogen isolates, procalcitonin (PCT) levels and c-reactive protein (CRP) levels were collected. Continuous variables were expressed as median (range) and Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney test was used to analyze the differences between groups. Categorical data were expressed as numbers (percentage) and the differences between groups were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results In total, 3681 HIV inpatients with blood culture data were included and 683 strains identified from 646 inpatients were further analyzed. The median age of patients was 38 years and male accounted for 86.84%. The pooled prevalence of BSI was 18.55% (12.01%–22.36% during the six-year period). The overall isolated rate of Talaromyces marneffei (TM) in blood culture was 12.42% (8.3%–15.00% during the study period). TM was the persistent dominant BSI pathogen from 2015 to 2021 (accounting for 63.04% to 71.43%), followed by Cryptococcus neoformans (responsible for 10.00% to 20.83%). Compared to patients with other organisms BSI, those with TM BSI were younger and had lower CD4 counts, WBC counts, HB and CRP level, but higher HIVRNA loads. Conclusion BSI is still a major problem in the post ART era in hospitalized patients with HIV/AIDS in Fujian, China. TM is the predominant pathogen. This underlines the importance of an early diagnosis of opportunistic pathogen to avoid BSI in HIV-infected populations with a low immune status.