Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Concussion Care Seeking: Identification of Factors Predicting Previous Concussion Diagnosis Status

ABSTRACT Purpose There is limited understanding of factors affecting concussion diagnosis status using large sample sizes. The study objective was to identify factors that can accurately classify previous concussion diagnosis status among collegiate student-athletes and service academy cadets with concussion history. Methods This retrospective study used support vector machine, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, and decision tree machine learning techniques to identify individual (e.g., sex) and institutional (e.g., academic caliber) factors that accurately classify previous concussion diagnosis status (all diagnosed vs 1+ undiagnosed) among Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium participants with concussion histories (n = 7714). Results Across all classifiers, the factors examined enable >50% classification between previous diagnosed and undiagnosed concussion histories. However, across 20-fold cross validation, ROC-AUC accuracy averaged between 56% and 65% using all factors. Similar performance is achieved considering individual risk factors alone. By contrast, classifications with institutional risk factors typically did not distinguish between those with all concussions diagnosed versus 1+ undiagnosed; average performances using only institutional risk factors were almost always <58%, including confidence intervals for many groups <50%. Participants with more extensive concussion histories were more commonly classified as having one or more of those previous concussions undiagnosed. Conclusions Although the current study provides preliminary evidence about factors to help classify concussion diagnosis status, more work is needed given the tested models’ accuracy. Future work should include a broader set of theoretically indicated factors, at levels ranging from individual behavioral determinants to features of the setting in which the individual was injured.
Evaluation of response to different COVID‐19 vaccines in vaccinated healthcare workers in a single center in Iran

Due to the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and emergent administration of various vaccines worldwide, comprehensive studies on the different aspects of vaccines are in demand. This study evaluated antibody response after the second dose of the COVID‐19 vaccine in the Children's Medical Center personnel. The blood samples of 174 healthcare workers were gathered at least 10 days after vaccination. The administered vaccines included Oxford/AstraZeneca, COVAXIN, Sinopharm, and Sputnik V. This study assessed all antibodies employing ELISA methods, including anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody by DiaZist and Pishtazteb kits, anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐nucleocapsid by Pishtazteb kit, and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐Spike by Razi kit. The cutoff for the tests' results was calculated according to the instructions of each kit. Totally, 174 individuals with an average age of 40 ± 9 years participated in this study, the proportion of men was 31%, and the frequency of past COVID‐19 infection was 66 (38%). Sixteen (9%) personnel received Oxford/AstraZeneca, 28 (16%) COVAXIN, 29 (17%) Sinopharm, and 101 (58%) Sputnik V. anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐nucleocapsid and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐Spike were positive in 37 (21%), and 163 (94%) participants and their mean level were more in adenoviral‐vectored vaccines (p value < 0.0001). Neutralizing antibody was positive in 74% using Pishtazteb kit while 87% using DiaZist kit. All antibodies' levels were significantly higher in those with a past COVID‐19 infection (p value < 0.0001). In conclusion, Oxford/AstraZeneca and Sputnik V had a similar outcome of inducing high levels of anti‐SARS‐Cov‐2‐spike and neutralizing antibodies, which were more than Sinopharm and COVAXIN. The titers of Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐nucleocapsid antibody were low in all of these four vaccines.
Characterization of Pancreatic Cancer Tissue Using Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence and Polarization-Sensitive Harmonic Generation Microscopy

Thin tissue sections of normal and tumorous pancreatic tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin were investigated using multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies. The cytoplasm, connective tissue, collagen and extracellular structures are visualized with MPF due to the eosin stain, whereas collagen is imaged with endogenous SHG contrast that does not require staining. Cellular structures, including membranous interfaces and nuclear components, are seen with THG due to the aggregation of hematoxylin dye. Changes in the collagen ultrastructure in pancreatic cancer were investigated by a polarization-sensitive SHG microscopy technique, polarization-in, polarization-out (PIPO) SHG. This involves measuring the orientation of the linear polarization of the SHG signal as a function of the linear polarization orientation of the incident laser radiation. From the PIPO SHG data, the second-order non-linear optical susceptibility ratio, χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx', was obtained that serves as a structural parameter for characterizing the tissue. Furthermore, by assuming C6 symmetry, an additional second-order non-linear optical susceptibility ratio, χ(2)xyz'/χ(2)zxx', was obtained, which is a measure of the chirality of the collagen fibers. Statistically-significant differences in the χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' values were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal, lobular, and parenchymal regions, whereas statistically-significant differences in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of χ(2)xyz'/χ(2)zxx' occurrence histograms were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal and parenchymal regions. Additionally, the PIPO SHG data were used to determine the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) of the SHG signal, which indicates the relative linear depolarization of the signal. Statistically-significant differences in DOLP values were found between tumor and normal pancreatic tissues in periductal and parenchymal regions. Hence, the differences observed in the χ(2)zzz'/χ(2)zxx' values, the FWHM of χ(2)xyz'/χ(2)zxx' values and the DOLP values could potentially be used to aid pathologists in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.
Clinical characteristics and illness course based on pathogen among children with respiratory illness presenting to an emergency department

Upper respiratory illnesses due to viruses are the most common reason for pediatric emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. We explored the clinical characteristics, hospitalization risk, and symptom duration of children in an ED setting by respiratory pathogen including coinfections. A retrospective analysis was conducted from a randomized controlled trial evaluating a rapid molecular pathogen panel among 931 children 1 month to 18 years of age with acute respiratory illness. We assessed hospitalization risk by pathogen using multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance. Symptom duration was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Among 931 children, 702 (75%) were aged 0–5 years and 797 (85%) tested positive for a respiratory pathogen. Children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV) had higher hospitalization risk compared with influenza (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–7.45; 3.56, 95% CI: 1.05–12.02; aRR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.05–6.35, respectively). Children with RSV, parainfluenza and atypical bacterial pathogens had longer illness duration compared with influenza (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR]: 2.16 95% CI: 1.41–3.29; aHR: 1.67, 95% CI:1.06–2.64; aHR: 2.60 95% CI: 1.30–5.19, respectively). Children with RSV, hMPV, and atypical bacterial pathogens had higher illness severity and duration compared with other respiratory pathogens. Coinfection was not associated with increased illness severity.
Risk of Developing Non-Cancerous Central Nervous System Diseases Due to Ionizing Radiation Exposure during Adulthood: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Background: High-dose ionizing radiation (IR) (>0.5 Gy) is an established risk factor for cognitive impairments, but this cannot be concluded for low-to-moderate IR exposure (<0.5 Gy) in adulthood as study results are inconsistent. The objectives are to summarize relevant epidemiological studies of low-to-moderate IR exposure in adulthood and to assess the risk of non-cancerous CNS diseases. Methods: A systematic literature search of four electronic databases was performed to retrieve relevant epidemiological studies published from 2000 to 2022. Pooled standardized mortality ratios, relative risks, and excess relative risks (ERR) were estimated with a random effect model. Results: Forty-five publications were included in the systematic review, including thirty-three in the quantitative meta-analysis. The following sources of IR-exposure were considered: atomic bomb, occupational, environmental, and medical exposure. Increased dose-risk relationships were found for cerebrovascular diseases incidence and mortality (ERRpooled per 100 mGy = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.03–0.05; ERRpooled at 100 mGy = 0.01; 95% CI: −0.00–0.02, respectively) and for Parkinson’s disease (ERRpooled at 100 mGy = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06–0.16); Conclusions: Our findings suggest that adult low-to-moderate IR exposure may have effects on non-cancerous CNS diseases. Further research addressing inherent variation issues is encouraged.
Three-dimensional pulsatile flow through a bifurcation

Pulsatile flow of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid through a symmetric bifurcated rigid channel was numerically analyzed by solving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The bifurcation was symmetrical with a branch angle of 60/spl deg/ and a daughter to mother area ratio of 2.0. The predicted velocity patterns were in qualitative agreement with experimental measurements available in the literature. The effect of unsteadiness on the various flow characteristics was studied. The most drastic effect observed was on the flow reversal regions. There was no flow reversal at the highest inlet Reynolds number in the pulse cycle, whereas in the case of steady flow at the same Reynolds number, the flow reversal region was the largest. The presence of secondary flow was observed at all times during the pulse cycle. Shear stress was calculated along the outer and inner walls and the low and high time averaged shear stress regions correspond to the clinically observed sites of formation of atherosclerotic plaque and lesions.
Reasonable Effectiveness of Random Weighting: A Litmus Test for Multi-Task Learning

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) has achieved success in various fields. However, how to balance different tasks to achieve good performance is a key problem. To achieve the task balancing, there are many works to carefully design dynamical loss/gradient weighting strategies but the basic random experiments are ignored to examine their effectiveness. In this paper, we propose the Random Weighting (RW) methods, including Random Loss Weighting (RLW) and Random Gradient Weighting (RGW), where an MTL model is trained with random loss/gradient weights sampled from a distribution. To show the effectiveness and necessity of RW methods, theoretically we analyze the convergence of RW and reveal that RW has a higher probability to escape local minima, resulting in better generalization ability. Empirically, we extensively evaluate the proposed RW methods to compare with twelve state-of-the-art methods on five image datasets and two multilingual problems from the XTREME benchmark to show RW methods can achieve comparable performance with state-of-the-art baselines. Therefore, we think that the RW methods are important baselines for MTL and should attract more attentions.
The intestinal microbiome associated with lipid metabolism and obesity in humans and animals

Intestinal microbiota is considered to play an integral role in maintaining health of host by modulating several physiological functions including nutrition, metabolism and immunity. Accumulated data from human and animal studies indicate that intestinal microbes can affect lipid metabolism in host through various direct and indirect biological mechanisms. These mechanisms include the production of various signalling molecules by the intestinal microbiome, which exert a strong effect on lipid metabolism, bile secretion in the liver, reverse transport of cholesterol and energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. This review discusses the findings of recent studies suggesting an emerging role of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in regulating lipid metabolism and the association of intestinal microbiota with obesity. Additionally, we discuss the controversies and challenges in this research area. However, intestinal micro‐organisms are also affected by some external factors, which in turn influence the regulation of microbial lipid metabolism. Therefore, we also discuss the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, diet structure, exercise and other factors on intestinal microbiological changes and lipid metabolism regulation.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae downregulates RECK to promote matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion by bronchial epithelial cells

ABSTRACT Airway epithelial cells function as both a physical barrier against harmful substances and pathogenic microorganisms and as an important participant in the innate immune system. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a crucial role in modulating inflammatory responses during respiratory infections. However, the signalling cascade that induces MMP-9 secretion from epithelial cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of MMP-9 secretion in airway epithelial cells infected with M. pneumoniae. Our data clearly showed that M. pneumoniae induced the secretion of MMP-9 from bronchial epithelial cells and upregulated its enzymatic activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Using specific inhibitors and chromatin co-precipitation experiments, we confirmed that the expression of MMP-9 is reliant on the activation of the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR6-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor- κB/activator protein-1 (MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1) pathways. Additionally, epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and the nuclear transcription factor Sp1 also regulate MMP-9 expression. M. pneumoniae infection also decreased the expression of the tumour suppressor reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) by inducing Sp1 phosphorylation. Overexpression of RECK significantly impaired the M. pneumoniae-triggered increase in MMP-9 enzymatic activity, although the level of MMP-9 protein remained constant. The study demonstrated that M. pneumoniae-triggered MMP-9 expression is modulated by TLR2 and 6, the MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1 signalling cascade, and histone acetylation, and M. pneumoniae downregulated the expression of RECK, thereby increasing MMP-9 activity to modulate the inflammatory response, which could play a role in airway remodelling.
Deep neural networks constrained by neural mass models improve electrophysiological source imaging of spatiotemporal brain dynamics

Significance Electrophysiological source imaging (ESI) is an indispensable tool for noninvasively studying brain function and dysfunction. The moderate to low spatial resolution of electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography recordings has been a major hindrance to their wide utility in the field. Although this challenge is mitigated significantly by ESI techniques, it is difficult for individuals without relevant training to select and optimize hyperparameters for these ESI solvers. We propose a deep learning–based source imaging methodology that incorporates current advances in biophysical computational models and neural networks into the ESI framework, and it requires minimal user intervention after the model is trained. Our work promises to enable precise and robust high-resolution spatiotemporal functional brain imaging for a variety of neuroscience research studies and clinical applications.
patterns of change: Corpus-based evidence of a near-critical dynamics in language change

I. Further data analysis 2 A. Null model of frequency growth and significance of the sigmoidal fit 2 1. Stochastic null model 2 2. Alternative null models 3 3. Robustness of the sigmoidal fit 4 B. Boundaries of the trap region 5 1. Analytical computation of mean first passage times 5 2. Trap boundaries 6 C. Statistical distributions 7 1. Growth time 7 2. Latency time 8 3. Statistical distribution of the slopes 10 D. Further comparisons with corpus data 11 1. Péclet number 11 2. Growth-Slope correlation and scaling law 13 3. Latency-Growth correlation 14
The I on mpact o n Insuran

This paper derives simple and plausible conditions under which ambiguity aversion raises the demand for (self-) insurance and self-protection when the eﬀort is furnished one period before the realization of the uncertainty. Unlike the recent contribution made by [Alary D. , Gollier C. , Treich N. , 2013. The eﬀect of ambiguity aversion on insurance and self-protection. The Economic Journal], I show that in the most usual situations in which the level of ambiguity does not increase with the level of eﬀort, a clear and positive answer can be given to the question: Does ambiguity aversion raise the level of eﬀort?
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to Support Adherence to Falls Prevention Clinic Recommendations: A Qualitative Study Patient Preference and Adherence

Purpose: We examined how patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) support patients’ adherence to fall prevention recommendations in a novel primary care setting – the Falls Prevention Clinic. Patients and Methods: Using a patient-oriented qualitative study design, we recruited patient partners to our study team to assist in developing focus group prompts. A trained facilitator conducted five semi-structured interviews with a total of 21 Falls Prevention Clinic participants. A trained facilitator prompted participants about: their views on the EuroQol 5 domain – 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) PROM, their preferences for PROM administration and feedback, the presentation of PROM questionnaire data, the use of comparative data and the EQ-5D-5L in improving adherence to recommendations, and other information they would need to improve adherence. Participants’ responses were coded according to three stages of qualitative analysis: open, axial and selective coding using an iterative and comparative approach. Results: “Opportunity” and “Development” emerged as higher-level themes for the participants’ perspectives on how the EQ-5D-5L may be helpful for their appointments. “Frequency” described how often the participants believed the EQ-5D-5L should be administered and feedback provided. “Challenges”, “Benefits”, “Patients’ Understanding”, “Relevance of Data”, and “Usefulness of Data” provided insight on how PROMs data presentation was viewed by patients. “Performance”, “Resources”, “Knowledge”, “Role in Behaviour Change” highlighted the participants’ ideas for the role of the EQ-5D-5L and additional information in supporting their adherence to falls prevention recommendations. Participants emphasized that patients would value further support information to facilitate their adherence. Conclusion: This patient-oriented qualitative study, among individuals at high risk of future falls, sheds light on the importance of timely, understandable feedback, integrated with other clinical feedback in supporting adherence.
Plantar pressure distribution evaluation in children with down syndrome from 2 to 5 years old

Abstract Introduction: Some peculiar features of Down Syndrome (DS), such as ligament laxity, hypotonia, delay in gait acquisition, among others, may generate alterations in the distribution of plantar pressures, modifying the plantar support. Objective: To verify whether there are differences in the evaluation of plantar pressure distributions in standing posture between the measurement instruments (Baropodometer, SAPO, and Radiography). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, evaluating ten children with SD and ten children with normal development (ND), aged from two to five years old. Bio-photogrammetry, baropodometry, and foot radiography were used to assess the plantar pressure distribution. Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the agreement index between the different instruments. Results: Children with DS and ND had a higher prevalence of pronated feet in all three instruments, with poor to substantial agreement among the instruments. Conclusion: According to this study instruments, there was a greater prevalence of pronated feet in the two groups . Differences in the evaluation of the distribution of plantar pressures in the standing posture between the Baropodometer, SAPO, and radiography were observed. These instruments should be used in a complementary manner, as they propose to evaluate different aspects of the feet alignment.
Profiling and Guest Factors that Drive Acceptance as the Key for Success—A Field Study from Swiss Alpine Destinations

Destination Platform (App) for Personalized Communication: Today, global digital platforms challenge the business models of local touristic service providers, as the creation of economic value is increasingly moving away from local providers. To redress this situation, local touristic actors and destinations need to create a superior tourist experience. This can be achieved by cooperating and accompanying the guest not only physically, but also digitally and according to his needs. This paper presents the results of a technology-acceptance study on a destination app with this purpose. Perceived ease of use, usefulness, and entertainment emerge as influencing factors for the intention to use the app in a destination.
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS AND STARBURST RADIO EMISSION FROM OPTICALLY SELECTED QUASI-STELLAR OBJECTS

We used the 1.4 GHz NVSS to study radio sources in two color-selected QSO samples: a volume-limited sample of 1313 QSOs defined by Mi < −23 in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.45 and a magnitude-limited sample of 2471 QSOs with mr ⩽ 18.5 and 1.8 < z < 2.5. About 10% were detected above the 2.4 mJy NVSS catalog limit and are powered primarily by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The space density of the low-redshift QSOs evolves as ρ∝(1 + z)6. In both redshift ranges the flux-density distributions and luminosity functions of QSOs stronger than 2.4 mJy are power laws, with no features to suggest more than one kind of radio source. Extrapolating the power laws to lower luminosities predicts the remaining QSOs should be extremely radio quiet, but they are not. Most were detected statistically on the NVSS images with median peak flux densities Sp(mJy beam−1) ≈ 0.3 and 0.05 in the low- and high-redshift samples, corresponding to spectral luminosities log [L1.4 GHz(W Hz−1)] ≈ 22.7 and 24.1, respectively. We suggest that the faint radio sources are powered by star formation at rates in the moderate luminosity (median 〈Mi〉 ≈ −23.4) low-redshift QSOs and in the very luminous (〈Mi〉 ≈ −27.5) high-redshift QSOs. Such luminous starbursts [〈log (LIR/L☉)〉 ∼ 11.2 and 12.6, respectively] are consistent with “quasar mode” accretion in which cold gas flows fuel both AGN and starburst.
Constructive Approximation on the Sphere: With Applications to Geomathematics

1. Notation 2. Polynomials 3. Scalar Spherical Harmonics 4. Green's Functions 5. Spherical Radial Basis Functions 6. Spherical Splines 7. Approximate Integration 8. Spherical Singular Integrals 9. Gabor and Toeplitz Transform 10. Continuous Wavelet Transform 11. Discrete Wavelet Transform 12. Vector Spherical Harmonics 13. Vectorial Approximation Methods 14. Tensor Spherical Harmonics 15. Tensorial Approximation Methods References Subject Index