Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relative effectiveness of two expanding bullet designs in young harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus): A randomised controlled field study in the Norwegian harp seal hunt

The aim of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of a rapidly expanding Bonded hunting bullet and an explosively expanding Varmint bullet in young harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus). The study was conducted as an open, controlled and randomised parallel-group designed field trial. The animals were pre-randomised (1:1) into one explosively expanding (Varmint) and one expanding (Bonded) bullet type group, with 75 animals in each. The study sample consisted of young, weaned harp seals, 2–7 weeks of age, of both sexes, from the Greenland Sea harp seal population. The study was conducted during the regular hunt. Instantaneous death rate (IDR) and time to death (TTD) were the main variables. The observed IDR was 84% in both bullet groups. Correcting for Weather Condition Index, the IDR for the Varmint bullet was significantly higher compared to the Bonded. The mean TTD was shortest in the Varmint group, but the difference did not reach significance. Compared to the Bonded, a significantly higher total cranial damage score and bleeding intensity, and significantly lower frequencies of bullet exit wounds were detected in the Varmint group. The post mortem reflex movements caused by the Varmint bullet were significantly more powerful with longer duration and higher frequencies of clonic contractions. In conclusion, the results indicate a higher effectiveness of the Varmint bullet relative to the Bonded. The Varmint bullet may thus improve animal welfare in the hunt of young harp seals.
Loneliness in Malta: Findings from the first National Prevalence Study

Loneliness has been examined by an increasing number of scholars, being implicated in numerous detrimental outcomes for mental and physical health. However, most loneliness prevalence studies have focused on particular age groups, thus overlooking how loneliness differs across the lifespan. This study assessed loneliness prevalence in a nationally representative sample (n = 1,009) of the Maltese population aged 11 years and above using the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, while also identifying associations between loneliness and sociodemographic factors. Results demonstrate that 43.5% of the Maltese population experiences some form of loneliness. The association between loneliness and age demonstrates a nonlinear relationship, with elevated loneliness rates among adolescents, which decrease slightly in early adulthood, before slowly increasing from age 35 onward. Loneliness is also significantly associated with education level, employment status, household composition, mortgage payment status, perception of income, presence of a disability, active citizenship, as well as self-rated physical health, coping ability, and subjective wellbeing. These findings indicate that loneliness is experienced in significant rates across the lifespan, and intervention efforts should be targeted toward individuals of all ages.
Effect of Nutrient Solution pH on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Taraxacum officinale and Reichardia picroides in a Floating Hydroponic System

Given the important medicinal and nutritional value of wild edible greens, the last few years there is an increasing interest for their domestication and commercial exploitation. However, information concerning their adaptation to environmental conditions and their response to modern agricultural systems are scarce. In the present study, the effect of nutrient solution pH (4.0, 5.5 and 7.0) on the growth, chemical composition and inorganic nutrition of Taraxacum officinale and Reichardia picroides plants grown indoors in a floating hydroponic system was evaluated. Both species performed better at pH 5.5 and were slightly affected by pH 7.0, whereas pH 4.0 was not prohibitive for growth for both species, although R. picroides was less tolerant than T. officinale at low pH. Moreover, pH 4.0 did not severely affect nutrients uptake and transport within the plant tissues, suggesting that R. picroides susceptibility to low pH should not be attributed to nutrients imbalance. Nevertheless, low pH positively enhanced the content in total soluble solids, total phenolics, chlorophylls (a, b and total) and carotenoids, and decreased nitrates in both species. In conclusion, the studied species could be successfully grown in soilless systems with nutrient solutions of varied pH. Moreover, low pH levels (pH = 4.0) seemed to be beneficial to nutritional and dietary value in both species highlighting the potential of commercial cultivation under adverse conditions, especially in sustainable farming systems.
Orderliness in Tourism Enterprise Dynamics in United States Micropolitan Statistical Areas

Micropolitan statistical areas (micropolitans) are important elements in understanding the small-town economic forces operating in the United States. This study focuses on the tourism enterprise dynamics of micropolitans. These dynamics are an oft-neglected element in tourism analyses and reports. Power law (log-log) regression analyses are central to the examination of complex socio-economic systems, and have been used here. Micropolitan tourism enterprises are ubiquitous and there is much non-linear orderliness in the interplay between their demographic and entrepreneurial characteristics. The dynamics of the orderliness result in important differences. For instance, total micropolitan employment increases sub-linearly (more slowly) than increases in tourism enterprise numbers, while tourism employment increases super-linearly (more rapidly). This difference could be important in considerations of micropolitan employment. The relationship of tourism and poverty has often been debated. Here, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between the number of tourism enterprises and a measure of community prosperity/wealth of the micropolitans. Expansion of the tourism sector apparently reduces community poverty in micropolitans. However, community poverty is also lower in larger micropolitans. Therefore, further analyses are needed to examine the potentially spurious correlation. Overall, future decision-making could be supported by the quantified information about the tourism dynamics of micropolitans.
An overview of the mammals of the Gila region, New Mexico

A study of the mammals of the Gila region of New Mexico was conducted from 2012 through 2020, with 2,919 voucher specimens collected through fieldwork and collaborations with commercial trappers, in addition to data from camera traps, review of major holdings at 46 museums (n = 12,505 georeferenced specimens), and literature review. Specimens cover a 170-year span, dating back to 1850 and were unevenly distributed spatially and temporally across the Gila region. Most areas were very poorly represented and when summed across all mammal species, ranged from 0.02 to 3.7 specimens per km2. The survey documented 108 species (104 now extant) for the region. High species richness, greater than that reported for 38 states in the United States, is likely due to the juxtaposition of multiple biomes in the Gila, including the Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Great Basin deserts, the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Madre Occidental, and nearby “sky islands’’ of the Southwest. Two species, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae and Zapus luteus, are documented for the first time from the study area. Expansions of the known range of these species, and Sciurus arizonensis are described from specimen and camera data. Preliminary phylogeographic studies of four species (Notiosorex crawfordi, Neotoma albigula, Perognathus flavus, and Thomomys bottae) using the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene reveal the dynamic biogeographic history of the region and reinforce how landscape complexity and climate change have jointly contributed to diversification and thus high mammalian diversity in the region.
Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Lockdown As A Risk Predictor In Panama

This document describes an investigation undertaken to examine attitudes towards lockdowns through COVID-19 as a psychosocial risk predictor in Panama. We conducted the study through a cross-sectional, prospective, and correlational approach. The study was constructed containing psychometric characteristics in the form of 36 Likert scale items to collect data. The instrument was sent to 233 participants via Google form between April 17 and April 30, 2020. The participants responded fully to the questionnaire. We analyzed the data by mean comparisons, correlation, and regression. There is a significant correlation between each of the studied factors and attitudes. The results indicate that women and people over the age of 51 have a positive attitude towards lockdown. Finally, from the predictive risk model in which 99.9% of the data fit. , the affective factor represents 68%, the cognitive factor 22%, and the behavioral factor 10% of predictive importance for lockdown attitudes to COVID-19.
Free vibration analysis of Euler–Bernoulli curved beams using two-phase nonlocal integral models

Eringen’s nonlocal elastic model has been widely applied to address the size-dependent response of micro-/nanostructures, which is observed in experimental tests and molecular dynamics simulation. However, several recent studies have pointed out that some inconsistent results appear while applying it in the analysis of bounded structures, which indicates that it is necessary to adopt other suitable models. In this work, both the well-posed strain-driven and stress-driven two-phase local/nonlocal integral models are used to study the size effect in the free vibration of Euler–Bernoulli curved beams. The governing equations of motion and the associated boundary conditions are derived on the basis of Hamilton’s principle. The two-phase nonlocal integral relation is transformed into an equivalent differential law with two constitutive boundary conditions. Using the generalized differential quadrature method, the governing equation in terms of displacements is solved numerically. The vibration frequencies of the beam under different boundary conditions are obtained and validated by comparing with those existing results. For all boundary conditions, the nonlocal related parameters of the two types of two-phase nonlocal strategies show consistent softening and stiffening effects on vibration response, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the curvature radius of the beam is also investigated.
Susceptibility of weed populations to glyphosate in banana plantations of the Department of Magdalena, Colombia

The prevalence and deficient control with glyphosate in some weeds in banana (Musa × paradisiaca L.) plantations in the Department of Magdalena, Colombia, have been evidenced. The susceptibility to glyphosate of prevalent weeds in farms with more than 10 yr of application of this herbicide was evaluated. Seeds and propagules of adult plants of five weedy species were collected from farms where deficient glyphosate control was observed (populations with possible resistance) and in areas not cultivated or free of herbicide use (susceptible populations). Under controlled conditions, seedlings obtained from 17 populations were treated with a commercial dose of glyphosate (1440 g acid equivalent [ae] ha-1) or twice this dose (2880 g ae ha-1). At 21 d after application, populations with a relative fresh weight and survival greater than 20% and visual control lower than 80% were categorized as resistant populations. To determine the resistance factor (RF) in the resistant populations, bioassays were performed with increasing doses of the herbicide (0, 720, 1440, 2880, 5760, and 11 520 g ae ha-1). Populations of Echinochloa colona (L.) Link and Melothria pendula L. were sensitive to both doses, while the populations of Commelina erecta L. and Syngonium podophyllum Schott were not controlled, confirming glyphosate-tolerant. Populations of Erigeron bonariensis L. , from uncultivated areas was susceptible, while those from farms were resistant. Glyphosate-resistance was confirmed in two populations of E. bonariensis, with respective RF of 3.5 and 8.6. The repetitive application of glyphosate for weed control in the Magdalena banana farms has contributed to the prevalence of tolerant species and the appearance of herbicide-resistant weeds.
Text-Based Manipulation of the Coherence Threshold

ABSTRACT The coherence threshold marks the point at which a reader has gained a sufficient comprehension level to move on in a text. Previous research has demonstrated that the readers’ coherence threshold can be manipulated by increasing or decreasing task demands. The present experiments examined a manipulation of the coherence threshold within the text itself. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the participants’ coherence threshold was raised following an in-text disruption, evidenced by slowed reading times on the semantic anomaly target sentence that followed. Experiment 2 demonstrated that this effect was not limited to contextually related information. In Experiment 3, the effect occurred even when the inconsistency and anomaly were separated further by filler text. In Experiments 4 and 5 the threshold was not reset following a pause in reading but was reset following a full passage break with a comprehension question. Results are discussed within the context of the RI-Val model of reading comprehension.
Technology Acceptance In Crowdfunding Among Retailers

Crowdfunding is currently Malaysia's fastest growing source of alternative finance for companies. It is an enticing opportunity for entrepreneurs with innovative ideas who would not otherwise have found capital to leverage the power of the audience to bring goods and projects from the ground. Crowdfunding has traditionally been the go-to funding solution for individuals, startups and entrepreneurs. But more recently, retailers and larger companies have been using crowdfunding as an investment route, market research tool or promotional technique. The obvious attraction of crowdfunding for retailers is that it sidesteps the need to convince a bank or investor you can make their investment worthwhile. But the rewards of the crowdfunding model are not just financial. A crowdfunding campaign can raise awareness of a brand or product, deliver valuable information about demand for a product or service, and create an already established customer base once a campaign is complete. Hence, this research focused on determining the factors that could influence the prospective retailers' intention to collect fund from crowdfunding platform. The research selected the UTAUT model to determine the prospective retailer's intention toward collecting fund to the crowdfunding project. There were four independent variables, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and reliability. The intention of the prospective retailer was selected as the dependent variable. With respect to the literature review, four hypotheses were developed in this study. To test the developed hypothesis in this study, descriptive research was adopted by applying a self-administered questionnaire distributed to respondents. For this study, convenience sampling was selected, whereby 379 respondents responded and answered the questions. All the independent variables have shown that they were positively significant to the intention of the prospective retailer. Hence, the intention of prospective retailer is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and reliability. This research successfully contributed to the knowledge in this field by applying the UTAUT factor in the context of crowdfunding for expanding retail business. Regarding practitioners in this field, this research could act as a guideline or reference to enhance the retailer's intention to collect fund in a crowdfunding project. Lastly, for policymakers, it is hoped that this research could be used as a standard and reference for future crowdfunding initiatives by the government.
Israel and Turkey: Once Comrades Now Frenemies

Turkey and Israel have been strategic partners since the 1990s. Yet, there has occurred a deep crisis between the two countries, particularly since 2009, but the beginning of the deterioration in bilateral relations dates to the early 2000s. Today both countries designate each other as opponents despite the history of a strategic partnership. What are the reasons for this radical shift in the Turkish–Israeli relations? How might the stalemate in the relations be explained? This study analyses the rupture in the bilateral relations, particularly on the recent events that paved the way for a rupture and stalemate and evaluates it via three levels of analysis laid by Kenneth Waltz. The study argues that bilateral relations have taken shape at three levels in different times and that the deterioration and amelioration of the bilateral relations hinge upon the identity and ideology of the leadership at the individual level, domestic factors at the state level, and structural factors at the systemic level. In this regard, it seeks to reveal which of the levels of analysis are in play in the determination of bilateral relations since 1948.
Relationships among Parity, Sleep Duration, and Obesity According to the Lifecycle of Korean Women

Parity may have a significant impact on the residual lifespans of women of reproductive age. The current trend in delayed childbearing has resulted in increased health concerns among women. Numerous studies have reported the physical and mental health challenges faced by women with high parity, such as general fatigue, depression [1], postpartum stress [2], altered sleep patterns [3], and weight gain [4]. Studies have investigated the physiological and psychological effects of increasing parity on women’s health. Women bearing multiple children are exposed to these risks at an increased rate and require more time to recover. However, women have less time for both leisure [5] and sleep after bearing children [6]. Adequate sleep duration is essential to maintain good health. Sleep Relationships among Parity, Sleep Duration, and Obesity According to the Lifecycle of Korean Women Hyojeong Ahn, Sangshin Park Graduate Student, Graduate School of Urban Public Health & Department of Urban Big Data Convergence, University of Seoul, Seoul; Professor, Graduate School of Urban Public Health & Department of Urban Big Data Convergence, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
Toxicity of some nanomaterials against Botrytis allii, the causal pathogen of neck rot disease of onion (Allium cepa L.)

In this study, 14 fungal isolates associated with symptomatic onion samples collected from different counties of Sohag Governorate showing neck rot disease were isolated and identified as Botrytis allii Munn (12 isolates) and 2 isolates of B. cinerea Pers. Pathogenicity tests carried out in the greenhouse showed that only the isolates of B. allii were pathogenic to onion plants and caused identical neck rot symptoms among all tested fungal isolates. However, B. allii isolates exhibited different levels of virulence. Isolate No. 9 of B. allii was the highest pathogenic one. In vitro, the influence of carbon, MgO, and ZnO nanoparticles was tested at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mM on mycelial linear growth and biomass of B. allii. Results obtained showed that all tested nanomaterials significantly reduced the mycelial linear growth and biomass at all tested concentrations. The nano MgO at 0.3 mM caused the high inhibitory effect followed by nano ZnO, where they highly reduced mycelial linear growth and biomass compared to the untreated controls. In greenhouse and field experiments, the MgO and ZnO nanoparticles at 0.3 mM highly reduced the disease incidence and severity compared with the control of untreated plants. Moreover, the MgO and ZnO nanoparticles at 0.3 mM highly reduced the neck rot incidence and the decline in bulb weight of onion due to infection with B. allii during storage. Therefore, this study reports that the MgO and ZnO nanoparticles are eco-friendly alternative approaches for suppressing neck rot disease on onion in the field and storage.
Different Driving Factors for Potential Activity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria in Coastal Wetlands

This study aimed to evaluate which environmental factors and genetic groups were important in explaining measured activity of Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), which play important roles in global nitrogen cycle, providing a new insight into the mechanism of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidation. We sampled 62 soil/sediment samples from coastal wetlands of the Bohai area of China and assessed the abundance of functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle, soil/sediment characteristics and the potential activity of AOA (PAOA) and AOB (PAOB) using specific inhibitors. At last, we introduced the structure equation model (SEM) to infer direct and indirect effects of variables on potential activities. The results indicated that the change in AOA-amoA gene abundance may be more independent, while AOB-amoA was closely associated with the change in abundance of amx and denitrifier. PAOA was mainly defined by AOA-amoA abundance and partially influenced by the norA gene, suggesting coupling of archaeal ammonia oxidation with nitrite oxidation. PAOB was significantly defined by the abundance of amx and denitrifier, indirectly mediated by AOB-amoA. The activity of AOA seemed to be more independent of other microbial activities, while the activity of AOB varied closely with fluctuations of other microbial species. PAOA was mediated directly by the C/N ratio and indirectly by nitrite concentration and TOC value, while PAOB was mediated directly by ammonium concentration and TOC value and indirectly by C/N ratio. The activity of AOB may be determined by several other functional gene groups and had little correlation with AOB abundance while the activity of AOA was mostly controlled by itself.
Post-pandemic tourism resilience: changes in Italians’ travel behavior and the possible responses of tourist cities

Purpose Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020, the travel sector has faced an intense challenge, making tourism one of the most affected sectors at the time of writing. Based on the results of a survey administered to a sample of 700 Italian tourists, this paper aims to acquire an empirical understanding of key challenges for the travel and tourism sector in the coming months and the possible responses of tourist cities. Design/methodology/approach To study tourism after the pandemic, OUT (University of Naples Tourism Research Center) has created an online survey to answer the following questions: What will tourism be like after the pandemic? What will the main changes in travel behaviors be? What role will new information technologies play in future tourism? Are there territorial differences based on the spread of the virus? Findings The pandemic has inevitably affected everyone’s tourist choices, regardless of how much their specific area of residence has been impacted by the virus. Consequently, it will significantly influence travelers’ experiences. The Italian tourists who were survey respondents are aware that physical distancing rules will probably remain in effect for an extended time and, therefore, they cannot imagine future tourism not conditioned by these measures. This does not mean that Italians will give up tourism in the short-medium term, however. Indeed, the research data highlight the resilient character of tourism in that it is transformed but does not cease to exist. Originality/value By studying the future through a sociological approach, it is possible to identify how the COVID-19 emergency will impact tourism and how both the form and social meaning of mobility will be conditioned. On the basis of the data, the analysis will be directed from the present to the post-pandemic horizon, hypothesizing possible scenarios for the future of tourism and providing some possible policy indications.