Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Chiral EFT in the Precision Era

Chiral effective field theory has established itself as the method of choice to study nuclear forces and low-energy nuclear dynamics. I review the status and prospects of this approach and discuss ongoing efforts to advance the precision frontier for ab initio description of few-nucleon systems. Special emphasis is put on the precise determination of the two-nucleon force at fifth order in the chiral expansion, role of the chiral symmetry, the convergence pattern of the chiral expansion and the quantification of the theoretical uncertainties. The discussed topics are essential for ongoing studies towards elucidating the structure of the three-nucleon force which will be briefly addressed as well.
Do EU policies constrain government autonomy? Insights from the implementation of EU migration policies

Abstract Pressures to comply with EU rules have allegedly eroded opportunities for national governments to adopt policies that they support. Conversely, research into differentiated implementation underlines that governments use their discretion to tailor supranational policies to national contexts. This study addresses these competing arguments using unique data on the implementation of EU migration issues. On the one hand, compliance with EU rules is expected to compel governments to transpose liberal migration policies, even when they favour restrictive measures. However, increased politicisation and differentiated integration are likely to increase governments’ autonomy to pursue restrictive policy preferences during transposition. The findings suggest that the constraining effect of EU policies is conditional on the importance that governments place on immigration issues and differentiated participation in the EU. Thus, it is important to consider both domestic and supranational conditions to understand fully the impact of external constraints on government policy implementation.
Homocysteine, Cognitive Functions, and Degenerative Dementias: State of the Art

There is strong evidence that homocysteine is a risk factor not only for cerebrovascular diseases but also for degenerative dementias. A recent consensus statement renewed the importance and the role of high levels of homocysteine in cognitive decline in several forms of degenerative dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Although the molecular mechanisms by which homocysteine causes cell dysfunction are known, both the impact of homocysteine on specific cognitive functions and the relationship between homocysteine level and non-Alzheimer dementias have been poorly investigated. Most of the studies addressing the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on dementias have not examined the profile of performance across different cognitive domains, and have only relied on screening tests, which provide a very general and coarse-grained picture of the cognitive status of the patients. Yet, trying to understand whether hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the impairment of specific cognitive functions would be crucial, as it would be, in parallel, learning whether some brain circuits are particularly susceptible to the damage caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. These steps would allow one to (i) understand the actual role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and (ii) improve the diagnostic accuracy, differential diagnosis and prognostic implications. This review is aimed at exploring and revising the state of the art of these two strictly related domains. Suggestions for future research are provided.
3D AMR hydrosimulations of a compact-source scenario for the Galactic Centre cloud G2

The nature of the gaseous and dusty cloud G2 in the Galactic Centre is still under debate. We present three-dimensional hydrodynamical adaptive mesh refinement simulations of G2, modelled as an outflow from a 'compact source' moving on the observed orbit. The construction of mock position-velocity (PV) diagrams enables a direct comparison with observations and allows us to conclude that the observational properties of the gaseous component of G2 could be matched by a massive ( (w) = 5 x 10(-7) M-circle dot yr(-1)) and slow(50 km s(-1)) outflow, as observed for T Tauri stars. In order for this to be true, only the material at larger (> 100 AU) distances from the source must be actually emitting;otherwise G2 would appear too compact compared to the observed PV diagrams. On the other hand, the presence of a central dusty source might be able to explain the compactness of G2's dust component. In the present scenario, 5-10 years after pericentre the compact source should decouple from the previously ejected material, due to the hydrodynamic interaction of the latter with the surrounding hot and dense atmosphere. In this case, a new outflow should form, ahead of the previous one, which would be the smoking gun evidence for an outflow scenario.
Unstable no-boundary fluctuations from sums over regular metrics

It was recently shown by Feldbrugge et al. that the no-boundary proposal, defined via a Lorentzian path integral and in minisuperspace, leads to unstable fluctuations, in disagreement with early universe observations. In these calculations many off-shell geometries summed over in the path integral in fact contain singularities, and the question arose whether the instability might ultimately be caused by these off-shell singularities. We address this question here by considering a sum over purely regular geometries, by extending a calculation pioneered by Halliwell and Louko. We confirm that the fluctuations are unstable, even in this restricted context which, arguably, is closer in spirit to the original proposal of Hartle and Hawking. Elucidating the reasons for the instability of the no-boundary proposal will hopefully show how to overcome these difficulties, or pave the way to new theories of initial conditions for the universe.
Hydronephrosis: An Unusual Complication of a Diverticular Abscess

Acute diverticulitis is a common medical condition with known complications such as abscess, perforation, obstruction, and fistula formation, among others. Ureteral complications such as hydronephrosis have rarely been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 40-year-old man with diverticulitis found to have a perisigmoid abscess complicated by left-sided hydronephrosis. It is essential to consider this entity in patients with right lower quadrant pain to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Rotational Velocities for B0-B3 Stars in Seven Young Clusters: Further Study of the Relationship between Rotation Speed and Density in Star-Forming Regions

We present the results of a study aimed at assessing the differences in the distribution of rotation speeds N(v sin i) among young (1-15 Myr) B stars spanning a range of masses 6 M⊙ < M < 12 M⊙ and located in different environments: seven low-density (ρ < 1 M⊙ pc-3) ensembles that are destined to become unbound stellar associations, and eight high-density (ρ ≫ 1 M⊙ pc-3) ensembles that will survive as rich, bound stellar clusters for ages well in excess of 108 yr. Our results demonstrate (1) that independent of environment, the rotation rates for stars in this mass range do not change by more than 0.1 dex over ages t ∼ 1 to ∼15 Myr; and (2) that stars formed in high-density regions lack the cohort of slow rotators that dominate the low-density regions and young field stars. We suggest that the differences in N(v sin i) between low- and high-density regions may reflect a combination of initial conditions and environmental effects: (1) the higher turbulent speeds that characterize molecular gas in high-density, cluster-forming regions; and (2) the stronger UV radiation fields and high stellar densities that characterize such regions. Higher turbulent speeds may lead to higher time-averaged accretion rates during the stellar assembly phase. In the context of stellar angular momentum regulation via "disk-locking," higher accretion rates lead to both higher initial angular momenta and evolution-driven increases in surface rotation rates as stars contract from the birth line to the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS). Stronger UV radiation fields and higher densities may lead to shorter disk lifetimes in cluster-forming regions. If so, B stars formed in dense clusters are more likely to be "released" from their disks early during their pre-main-sequence lifetimes and evolve into rapid rotators as they conserve angular momentum and spin up in response to contraction. By contrast, the majority of their brethren in low-density, association-forming regions can retain their disks for much or all of their pre-main-sequence lifetimes, are "locked" by their disks to rotate at constant angular speed, and lose angular momentum as they contract toward the ZAMS, and thus arrive on the ZAMS as relatively slowly rotating stars.
Teachers’ pedagogical tact in craft-art learning situations

The goal of this research is to explore how teachers’ pedagogical tact occurs in craft-art learning situations, in the context of Finnish Basic Education in the Arts, by using the grounded theory (GT) method. The theoretical concepts—the term pathic, pedagogical tact and self-determination theory (SDT) and the key concepts autonomy, competence and relatedness—have been chosen based on how they supported the data analysis. The data consisted of five stimulated recall interviews with teachers. The GT analysis revealed that teachers’ pedagogical tact manifested itself in pathic perceiving, acting and interacting. The teachers supported students’ autonomy, relatedness and competence in craft-art learning by creating an open atmosphere and caring relationships with the students to support their sense of ownership and personal resources. The results provide conceptual understanding of craft-art pedagogy.
Research on Improved DenseNets Pig Cough Sound Recognition Model Based on SENets

In order to real-time monitor the health status of pigs in the process of breeding and to achieve the purpose of early warning of swine respiratory diseases, the SE-DenseNet-121 recognition model was established to recognize pig cough sounds. The 13-dimensional MFCC, ΔMFCC and Δ2MFCC were transverse spliced to obtain six groups of parameters that could reflect the static, dynamic and mixed characteristics of pig sound signals respectively, and the DenseNet-121 recognition model was used to compare the performance of the six sets of parameters to obtain the optimal set of parameters. The DenseNet-121 recognition model was improved by using the SENets attention module to enhance the recognition model's ability to extract effective features from the pig sound signals. The results showed that the optimal set of parameters was the 26-dimensional MFCC + ΔMFCC, and the rate of recognition accuracy, recall, precision and F1 score of the SE-DenseNet-121 recognition model for pig cough sounds were 93.8%, 98.6%, 97% and 97.8%, respectively. The above results can be used to develop a pig cough sound recognition system for early warning of pig respiratory diseases.
Factors Associated with Low Birthweight in Low-and-Middle Income Countries in South Asia

Child with Low Birth Weight (LBW) has a higher risk of infant mortality, learning difficulties in childhood due to stunted growth and impaired neurodevelopment, is more likely to develop heart diseases and diabetes in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the latest demographic and health surveys (DHSs) across multiple countries in South Asia to determine the factors associated with LBW among these countries. Latest available DHS data across Afghanistan (2015, n = 29,461), Bangladesh (2018, n = 20,127), Nepal (2016, n = 12,862), and Pakistan (2018, n = 15,068) were analysed. Complex survey adjusted generalized linear models were fitted to investigate the association of birth weight with sociodemographic and decision-making factors. Pakistan had the highest proportion of LBW at 18% followed by Afghanistan and Bangladesh at around 14% and Nepal had the lowest (13%). Children born in Pakistan were more likely to have LBW children than Afghanistan (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.49–3.14). Mothers living in rural areas (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97), with highly educated partners and belonging to richer families were less susceptible to having child with LBW. To reduce 30% LBW in-line with the World Health Organisation’s 2025 goal, policymakers in SA should focus on women in urban areas with low-educated partners belonging to poor households to ease LBW burden.
The Effects of Winter Cover Crops on Maize Yield and Crop Performance in Semiarid Conditions—Artificial Neural Network Approach

Maize is the most widespread and, along with wheat, the most important staple crop in the Republic of Serbia, which is of great significance for ensuring national food security. With the increasing demand for food and forage, intensive agricultural practices have been adopted in the maize production systems. In this direction, considerable research efforts have been made to examine the effects of different types of cover crops as a green manure on maize productivity; however, no consistent conclusions have been reached so far. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the possibility of predicting the effects of winter cover crops (CC) integrated with different management practices on the morphological traits, yield, and yield components of maize. The experiment was carried out on chernozem soil from 2016 to 2020 as a randomized complete block design arranged as a split-split-plot with three replicates. The pea as a sole crop (P) and the mixture of pea and triticale (PT) are sown as winter CC with the following subplots: (i) CC used as green manure, and (ii) CC used as forage and removed before maize sowing. The artificial neural network is used for exploring nonlinear functions of the tested parameters and 13 categorical input variables for modeling according to the following factors: CC, way of using CC, N fertilization, and year. The computed maximums of plant height, number of leaves, number of internodes, plant density, number of ears, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, hectolitre weight, dry matter harvest residue, harvest index, leaves percentage, stems percentage, and ears percentage are as follows: 232.3 cm; 9.7; 10.2; 54,340 plants ha−1; 0.9; 9.8 t ha−1; 272.4 g; 67.0 kg HL−1; 9.2 t ha−1; 0.52; 18.9%; 36.0%, and 45.1%, respectively. The optimal result is obtained with peas used as green manure, with 50 kg N ha−1 and in the climatic conditions of 2018. Consequently, maize production under subsequent sowing periods can be successfully optimized by adapting selected management options for higher yield accomplishment.
Multiwavelength Studies of the Optically Dark Gamma-Ray Burst 001025A

We identify the fading X-ray afterglow of GRB 001025A from XMM-Newton observations obtained 1.9-2.3 days, 2 yr, and 2.5 yr after the burst. The nondetection of an optical counterpart to an upper limit of R = 25.5, 1.20 days after the burst, makes GRB 001025A a "dark" burst. Based on the X-ray afterglow spectral properties of GRB 001025A, we argue that some bursts appear optically dark because their afterglow is faint and their cooling frequency is close to the X-ray band. This interpretation is applicable to several of the few other dark bursts where the X-ray spectral index has been measured. The X-ray afterglow flux of GRB 001025A is an order of magnitude lower than for typical long-duration gamma-ray bursts. The spectrum of the X-ray afterglow can be fitted with an absorbed synchrotron emission model, an absorbed thermal plasma model, or a combination thereof. For the latter, an extrapolation to optical wavelengths can be reconciled with the R-band upper limit on the afterglow, without invoking any optical circumburst absorption, provided the cooling frequency is close to the X-ray band. Alternatively, if the X-ray afterglow is due to synchrotron emission only, 7 mag of extinction in the observed R-band is required to meet the R-band upper limit, making GRB 001025A much more obscured than bursts with detected optical afterglows. Based on the column density of X-ray-absorbing circumburst matter, an SMC gas-to-dust ratio is insufficient to produce this amount of extinction. The X-ray tail of the prompt emission enters a steep temporal decay excluding that the tail of the prompt emission is the onset of the afterglow. To within the astrometric uncertainty, this afterglow was coincident with an extended object, seen in a deep VLT R-band image, which we identify as the likely host galaxy of GRB 001025A.
EFL Teachers’ Practices and Challenges Towards Implementing Critical Thinking Skills Online During Covid-19 Pandemic

This study examined the extent to which EFL teachers at the University of Jeddah are aware of the importance of implementing critical thinking skills. It also investigated their practices of such skills while teaching remotely and discussed the current impediments that distract the effective application and acquisition of such skills by the Saudi learners. Data came from a teacher’s questionnaire and semi- structured interviews carried out online. The results found were congruent with other topic-related researches in some aspects and incongruent in some other aspects. As a matter of fact, the EFL teachers in this work believed in the importance of teaching critical thinking to their learners, however, their teaching practices do not reflect this belief. One of the important variables that distract the effective development of critical thinking is the learners’ disengagement. More and more researches need to be conducted to investigate the relationship between the aforementioned variables.
Exploring the impact of extrinsic motivation on users’ intention to continue using a gamified tourism commerce platform

Gamification has obtained increasing attention in a number of fields including management, marketing, education, and health care. In the tourism context, the users of online tourism services are fond of online application platforms that are enjoyable and interesting, where gamification can be applied. Besides, with the increasing types and amount of online tourism platforms, the user churn rate is very high. Therefore, it is crucial for online tourism platforms to keep the tourists from switching to other platforms and explore users’ motivations for using the platform. However, there are relatively few studies concerning the effects of the extrinsic motivation of gamification on users’ psychological needs for using online tourism platforms in detail. Based on self-determination theory and gamification literature, this research identifies four different types of extrinsic motivations and investigates their effects on users’ willingness to continue using gamified online travel platforms. Based on the questionnaire data, this research found that: 1) the four extrinsic motivations positively influence the satisfaction of consumers’ basic psychological needs, but have weaker impacts on competence needs; 2) the satisfaction of consumers’ three basic psychological needs is positively related to their intention to consistently use gamified travel platforms.
A surjective characterization of Dugundji spaces

It is shown that the class of Dugundji spaces coincides with the class of continuous images of the generalized Cantor set by maps satisfying the zero-dimensional lifting property. It follows that each point in a Dugundji space has a neighbourhood base of Dugundji spaces. Introduction. In [6] Peezyn'ski introduced the classes of Dugundji spaces and Milutin spaces. The fact that these classes coincide for compact spaces of weight not exceeding w, was established in the joint paper of Ditor and Haydon [2]. A major breakthrough in the characterization of Dugundji spaces and Milutin spaces was achieved by R. Haydon [4] showing that every Dugundji space is a Milutin space and that the notions of Dugundji space and absolute extensor for compact zero-dimensional spaces (AE(O-dim)) are equivalent. Recently in his paper [7] Shchepin gave another characterization of the class of Dugundji spaces and produced an example of a zero-dimensional space of weight W2 that is a non-Dugundji Milutin space. In this paper we shall consider continuous surjections satisfying the zero-dimensional lifting property (z.d.l.p.) which will lead to a new characterization of Dugundji spaces. At the same time our method yields topological information about surjective maps allowing a regular averaging operator (r.a.o.) and about the local structure of Dugundji spaces. In his monograph Pelzyn'ski asked for a topological characterization of continuous surjections of compact metrizable spaces that allow an r.a. o. [6, Problem 3, p. 65]. An answer was given by S. Z. Ditor [1, Theorem 3.4] in terms of existence of lower semicontinuous set-valued sections. Here our solution to Pelvzyn'ski's problem is of a neater, purely topological nature just involving continuous maps and compact spaces (see Corollary 1). A locally Dugundji space is known to be a Dugundji space [6, Proposition 6.3] and Pelczyn'ski raised the question whether the converse of this statement holds true [6, Problem 18, p. 70]. The corollary to our main result entails that the answer to this problem is in the affirmative. Throughout this paper our terminology is standard; all definitions and Received by the editors January 30, 1978 and, in revised form, October 12, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 54C40, 54C55; Secondary 54C10.
The little Galaxies that could (reionize the universe): predicting faint end slopes & escape fractions at z>4

The sources that reionized the universe are still unknown, but likely candidates are faint but numerous galaxies. In this paper we present results from running a high resolution, uniform volume simulation, the Vulcan, to predict the number densities of undetectable, faint galaxies and their escape fractions of ionizing radiation, $f_\mathrm{esc}$, during reionization. Our approach combines a high spatial resolution, a realistic treatment of feedback and hydro processes, a strict threshold for minimum number of resolution elements per galaxy, and a converged measurement of $f_\mathrm{esc}$. We calibrate our physical model using a novel approach to create realistic galaxies at z=0, so the simulation is predictive at high redshifts. With this approach we can (1) robustly predict the evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at faint magnitudes down to $M_\mathrm{UV}$~-15, two magnitudes fainter than observations, and (2) estimate $f_\mathrm{esc}$ over a large range of galaxy masses based on the detailed stellar and gas distributions in resolved galaxies. We find steep faint end slopes, implying high number densities of faint galaxies, and the dependence of $f_\mathrm{esc}$ on the UV magnitude of a galaxy, given by the power-law: log $f_\mathrm{esc} = (0.51 \pm 0.04)M_\mathrm{UV} + 7.3 \pm 0.8$, with the faint population having $f_\mathrm{esc}$~35%. Convolving the UV luminosity function with $f_\mathrm{esc}$($M_\mathrm{UV}$), we find an ionizing emissivity that is (1) dominated by the faintest galaxies and (2) reionizes the universe at the appropriate rate, consistent with observational constraints of the ionizing emissivity and the optical depth to the decoupling surface tau_es, without the need for additional sources of ionizing radiation.