Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prototype Machine Learning Algorithms from Wearable Technology to Detect Tennis Stroke and Movement Actions

This study evaluated the accuracy of tennis-specific stroke and movement event detection algorithms from a cervically mounted wearable sensor containing a triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. Stroke and movement data from up to eight high-performance tennis players were captured in match-play and movement drills. Prototype algorithms classified stroke (i.e., forehand, backhand, serve) and movement (i.e., “Alert”, “Dynamic”, “Running”, “Low Intensity”) events. Manual coding evaluated stroke actions in three classes (i.e., forehand, backhand and serve), with additional descriptors of spin (e.g., slice). Movement data was classified according to the specific locomotion performed (e.g., lateral shuffling). The algorithm output for strokes were analysed against manual coding via absolute (n) and relative (%) error rates. Coded movements were grouped according to their frequency within the algorithm’s four movement classifications. Highest stroke accuracy was evident for serves (98%), followed by groundstrokes (94%). Backhand slice events showed 74% accuracy, while volleys remained mostly undetected (41–44%). Tennis-specific footwork patterns were predominantly grouped as “Dynamic” (63% of total events), alongside successful linear “Running” classifications (74% of running events). Concurrent stroke and movement data from wearable sensors allows detailed and long-term monitoring of tennis training for coaches and players. Improvements in movement classification sensitivity using tennis-specific language appear warranted.
HOW MANY UNIVERSES DO THERE NEED TO BE

In the simplest cosmological models consistent with General Relativity, the total volume of the Universe is either finite or infinite, depending on whether or not the spatial curvature is positive. Current data suggest that the curvature is very close to flat, implying that one can place a lower limit on the total volume. In a Universe of finite age, the "particle horizon" defines the patch of the Universe which is observable to us. Based on today's best-fit cosmological parameters it is possible to constrain the number of observable Universe sized patches, NU. Specifically, using the new Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data, we can say that there are at least 21 patches out there the same volume as ours, at 95% confidence. Moreover, even if the precision of our cosmological measurements continues to increase, density perturbations at the particle horizon size limit us to never knowing that there are more than about 105 patches out there.
Proof of Time's Arrow with Perfectly Chaotic Superdiffusion

The problem of Time's Arrow is rigorously solved in a certain microscopic system associated with a Hamiltonian using only information about the microscopic system. This microscopic system obeys an equation with time reversal symmetry. In detail, we prove that a symplectic map with time reversal symmetry is an Anosov diffeomorphism. This result guarantees that any initial density function defined except for a zero volume set converges to the unique invariant density (uniform distribution) in the sense of mixing. In addition, we discover that there is a mathematical structure which connects Time's Arrow (Anosov diffeomorphism) with superdiffusion in our system. In particular, the mechanism of this superdiffusion in our system is different from those previously found.
Oxidative Precipitation Synthesis of Calcium-Doped Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia

Superparamagnetic nanoparticles are of high interest for therapeutic applications. In this work, nanoparticles of calcium-doped manganese ferrites (CaxMn1−xFe2O4) functionalized with citrate were synthesized through thermally assisted oxidative precipitation in aqueous media. The method provided well dispersed aqueous suspensions of nanoparticles through a one-pot synthesis, in which the temperature and Ca/Mn ratio were found to influence the particles microstructure and morphology. Consequently, changes were obtained in the optical and magnetic properties that were studied through UV-Vis absorption and SQUID, respectively. XRD and Raman spectroscopy studies were carried out to assess the microstructural changes associated with stoichiometry of the particles, and the stability in physiological pH was studied through DLS. The nanoparticles displayed high values of magnetization and heating efficiency for several alternating magnetic field conditions, compatible with biological applications. Hereby, the employed method provides a promising strategy for the development of particles with adequate properties for magnetic hyperthermia applications, such as drug delivery and cancer therapy.
The Benefits of Early Work Experience for School Dropouts: Evidence from a Field Experiment1

This paper investigates whether work experience gained through a subsidized job program can improve the employment prospects of young school dropouts. Relying on a correspondence study field experiment conducted in France, we find that the chances to be invited for a job interview are more than doubled (from 7.6 percent to 19.3 percent) when youths signal a one-year job-related experience in their résumé – either in the private or public sector; either certified or not – compared to youths who remained mainly inactive after dropping out from high school. We show that this effect is fairly stable across firm, contract or labor market characteristics, and also when testing another channel of application where résumés were sent spontaneously to firms. Our results contrast with the overall negative evidence about the effectiveness of subsidized employment programs in improving the employment prospects of disadvantaged youth.
Ordinary Differential Equations

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Structural transition in NaxCoO2 with x near 0.75 due to Na rearrangement

We report neutron powder diffraction measurements on a series of NaxCoO2 samples with x near 0.75 which were prepared under different synthesis conditions. Two different crystal structures for the samples are observed at room temperature. The two structures differ primarily by a shift of a large fraction of the Na ions from a high-symmetry position to a lower-symmetry position. Close inspection of the refinement parameters indicates that the presence of either structure depends sensitively on the Na content x, with x = 0.75 as the critical concentration separating the two phases. By raising the temperature to around T = 323 K, the high-symmetry structure can be converted to the lower-symmetry structure. The transition is reversible, but there is significant hysteresis. We discuss the effects of this structural transition on the bulk magnetic and transport properties.
A Survey of Open Clusters in the u′g′r′i′z′ Filter System. III. Results for the Cluster NGC 188

We continue our series of papers describing the results of a photometric survey of open star clusters, primarily in the southern hemisphere, taken in the u′g′r′i′z′ filter system. The entire observed sample covered more than 100 clusters, but here we present data only on NGC 188, which is one of the oldest open clusters known in the Milky Way. We fit the Padova theoretical isochrones to our data. Assuming a solar metallicity for NGC 188, we find a distance of 1700 ± 100 pc, an age of 7.5 ± 0.7 Gyr, and a reddening E(B - V) of 0.025 ± 0.005. This yields a distance modulus of 11.23 ± 0.14.
Understanding Popper's experiment

An experiment proposed by Karl Popper is considered by many to be a crucial test of quantum mechanics. Although many loopholes in the original proposal have been pointed out, they are not crucial to the test. We use only the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics to point out what is fundamentally wrong with the proposal, and demonstrate that Popper’s basic premise was faulty.
Breaking cosmic degeneracies: Disentangling neutrinos and modified gravity with kinematic information

Searches for modified gravity in the large-scale structure try to detect the enhanced amplitude of density fluctuations caused by the fifth force present in many of these theories. Neutrinos, on the other hand, suppress structure growth below their free-streaming length. Both effects take place on comparable scales, and uncertainty in the neutrino mass leads to a degeneracy with modified gravity parameters for probes that are measuring the amplitude of the matter power spectrum. We explore the possibility to break the degeneracy between modified gravity and neutrino effects in the growth of structures by considering kinematic information related to either the growth rate on large scales or the virial velocities inside of collapsed structures. In order to study the degeneracy up to fully non-linear scales, we employ a suite of N-body simulations including both f(R) modified gravity and massive neutrinos. Our results indicate that velocity information provides an excellent tool to distinguish massive neutrinos from modified gravity. Models with different values of neutrino masses and modified gravity parameters possessing a comparable matter power spectrum at a given time have different growth rates. This leaves imprints in the velocity divergence, which is therefore better suited than the amplitude of density fluctuations to tell the models apart. In such models with a power spectrum comparable to ΛCDM today, the growth rate is strictly enhanced. We also find the velocity dispersion of virialised clusters to be well suited to constrain deviations from general relativity without being affected by the uncertainty in the sum of neutrino masses.
Improved QoS Aware Routing Protocol (IM-QRP) for WBAN Based Healthcare Monitoring System

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a special purpose wireless sensors network designed to connect various self-autonomous medical sensors and appliances located inside and outside of human body. Interests in human Healthcare Monitoring System (HMS) are based on WBAN due to the increasing aging population and chronically ill patients at home. HMS is expected to reduce healthcare expenses by enabling the continuous monitoring of patient’s health remotely in daily life activities. This research focuses on routing protocols in WBAN. The major problems in routing protocols are maximum energy consumption, path loss ratio, packet delivery ratio and maintaining stable signal to noise ratio. Real time analysis is required in HMS to support the patients through doctors, caregivers and hospital systems. Collected data is relayed by using existing wireless communication schemes towards the access point for further retransmission and processing. In this research, an Improved Quality of Service aware Routing Protocol (IM-QRP) is proposed for WBAN based HMS to remotely monitor the elderly people or chronically ill patients in hospitals and residential environments. The proposed protocol is capable to improve 10% residual energy, 30% reduction in path loss ratio, 10% improvement in packet transmission (link reliability) and 7% improvement in SNR as compared to existing CO-LEEBA and QPRD routing protocols. Convolutional Neural Network is used outside the WBAN environment to analyze the medical health records for healthcare diagnosis and intelligent decision-making.
The Solar Orbiter mission

The ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission will address the central question of heliophysics: How does the Sun create and control the heliosphere? The heliosphere represents a uniquely accessible domain of space, where fundamental physical processes common to solar, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas can be studied under conditions impossible to reproduce on Earth and unfeasible to observe from astronomical distances. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the mission.
Initial data for stationary spacetimes near spacelike infinity

We study Cauchy initial data for asymptotically flat, stationary vacuum space-times near space-like infinity. The fall-off behavior of the intrinsic metric and the extrinsic curvature is characterized. We prove that they have an analytic expansion in powers of a radial coordinate. The coefficients of the expansion are analytic functions of the angles. This result allow us to fill a gap in the proof found in the literature of the statement that all asymptotically flat, vacuum stationary space-times admit an analytic compactification at null infinity. Stationary initial data are physical important and highly non-trivial examples of a large class of data with similar regularity properties at space-like infinity, namely, initial data for which the metric and the extrinsic curvature have asymptotic expansion in terms of powers of a radial coordinate. We isolate the property of the stationary data which is responsible for this kind of expansion.
Analysis of implicitly defined systems

An alternative paradigm is considered for robustness analysis, where systems are described in implicit form. The central role in this formulation is played by equations rather than input-output maps. The framework for robust stability analysis is appropriately extended, and a necessary and sufficient condition is proved for the case of arbitrary structured norm bounded perturbations. Finally, the constant matrix version of this framework is considered, leading to an extension of the structured singular value /spl mu/; the corresponding upper bound theory is developed fully. <<ETX>>
Accelerated flows past a rigid sphere or a spherical bubble. Part 1. Steady straining flow

This work reports the first part of a series of numerical simulations carried out in order to improve knowledge of the forces acting on a sphere embedded in accelerated flows at finite Reynolds number, Re. Among these forces added mass and history effects are particularly important in order to determine accurately particle and bubble trajectories in real flows. To compute these hydrodynamic forces and more generally to study spatially or temporally accelerated flows around a sphere, the full Navier–Stokes equations expressed in velocity–pressure variables are solved by using a finite-volume approach. Computations are carried out over the range 0.1 ≤ Re ≤ 300 for flows around both a rigid sphere and an inviscid spherical bubble, and a systematic comparison of the flows around these two kinds of bodies is presented. Steady uniform flow is first considered in order to test the accuracy of the simulations and to serve as a reference case for comparing with accelerated situations. Axisymmetric straining flow which constitutes the simplest spatially accelerated flow in which a sphere can be embedded is then studied. It is shown that owing to the viscous boundary condition on the body as well as to vorticity transport properties, the presence of the strain modifies deeply the distribution of vorticity around the sphere. This modification has spectacular consequences in the case of a rigid sphere because it influences strongly the conditions under which separation occurs as well as the characteristics of the separated region. Another very original feature of the axisymmetric straining flow lies in the vortex-stretching mechanism existing in this situation. In a converging flow this mechanism acts to reduce vorticity in the wake of the sphere. In contrast when the flow is divergent, vorticity produced at the surface of the sphere tends to grow indefinitely as it is transported downstream. It is shown that in the case where such a diverging flow extends to infinity a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability may occur in the wake. Computations of the hydrodynamic force show that the effects of the strain increase rapidly with the Reynolds number. At high Reynolds numbers the total drag is dramatically modified and the evaluation of the pressure contribution shows that the sphere undergoes an added mass force whose coefficient remains the same as in inviscid flow or in creeping flow, i.e. CM = ½, whatever the Reynolds number. Changes found in vorticity distribution around the rigid sphere also affect the viscous drag, which is markedly increased (resp. decreased) in converging (resp. diverging) flows at high Reynolds numbers.
Nonperturbative dynamical effects in nearly-scale-invariant systems: The action of breaking scale invariance

In this work we develop a general formalism that categorizes the action of breaking the scale invariance in the non-equilibrium dynamics of non-relativistic quantum systems. This approach is equally applicable to both strongly and weakly interacting systems. We show that any small deviation from the strongly interacting fixed point leads to non-pertubative effects in the long time dynamics, dramatically altering the dynamics at the scale invariant fixed point. As a concrete example, we apply this approach to the non-equilibrium dynamics of a non-interacting quantum gas in the presence of an impurity, and for the interacting two-body problem, both in three spatial dimensions. Near the resonantly-interacting scale invariant fixed point, we show that the dynamics are altered by a non-perturbative log-periodic beat. The presence of the beat is universal and depends only on deviating from the resonant fixed point, while the frequency depends on the microscopic parameters of the system.
Stability Analysis of Second Order Delay Difference Equations

In this paper, we will give a necessary and sufficient condition for the zero solution of second order delay difference equations of the formxn + 2 – axn + bxn – k = 0, n = 0, 1, 2, . ,to be asymptotically stable, which is easy to verify and to apply, where a and b are non-zero real constants, k is a positive integer.
Testing continuum descriptions of low-Mach-number shock structures

Numerical experiments have been performed on normal shock waves with Monte Carlo Direct Simulations (MCDS's) to investigate the validity of continuum theories at very low Mach numbers. Results from the Navier—Stokes and the Burnett equations are compared to MCDS's for both hard-sphere and Maxwell gases. It is found that the maximum-slope shock thicknesses are described equally well (within the MCDS computational scatter) by either of the continuum formulations for Mach numbers smaller than about 1.2. For Mach numbers greater than 1.2, the Burnett predictions are more accurate than the Navier—Stokes results. Temperature—density profile separations are best described by the Burnett equations for Mach numbers greater than about 1.3. At lower Mach numbers the MCDS scatter is too great to differentiate between the two continuum theories. For all Mach numbers above one, the shock shapes are more accurately described by the Burnett equations.
Deep neural network-based spatial gap-filling of MODIS ice surface temperatures over the Arctic using satellite and reanalysis data

ABSTRACT Because ice surface temperature (IST) controls snow melt, sea ice growth and air–ocean heat exchange, it is a key parameter in analyses of the Arctic climate system. However, optical satellite-based IST data often have missing values due to the satellite orbit, clouds and polar night. In this study, we estimated IST using a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm based on meteorological, sea ice and geometric variables that are strongly correlated with IST. Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra IST data were used, and the input data were 2 m air temperature (Ta), 30-year averaged Ta (Ta climatology), total column water vapour (TCWV), solar zenith angle (SZA), local solar noon angle (LSN) and latitude. The data were classified into six cases according to sea ice age (SIA) and Ta to create an efficient DNN model that supplemented the IST data missing from the existing dataset. Model validation based on the MODIS IST data revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.94, root mean square error of 3.54 K and relative root mean square error of 1.35%, showing high accuracy.
EXTERNALLY HEATED PROTOSTELLAR CORES IN THE OPHIUCHUS STAR-FORMING REGION

We present APEX 218 GHz observations of molecular emission in a complete sample of embedded protostars in the Ophiuchus star-forming region. To study the physical properties of the cores, we calculate H2CO and c-C3H2 rotational temperatures, both of which are good tracers of the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas. We find that the H2CO temperatures range between 16 K and 124 K, with the highest H2CO temperatures toward the hot corino source IRAS 16293-2422 (69–124 K) and the sources in the ρ Oph A cloud (23–49 K) located close to the luminous Herbig Be star S1, which externally irradiates the ρ Oph A cores. On the other hand, the c-C3H2 rotational temperature is consistently low (7–17 K) in all sources. Our results indicate that the c-C3H2 emission is primarily tracing more shielded parts of the envelope whereas the H2CO emission (at the angular scale of the APEX beam; 3600 au in Ophiuchus) mainly traces the outer irradiated envelopes, apart from in IRAS 16293-2422, where the hot corino emission dominates. In some sources, a secondary velocity component is also seen, possibly tracing the molecular outflow.
Hidden and explicit quantum scale invariance

There exist renormalisation schemes that explicitly preserve the scale invariance of a theory at the quantum level. Imposing a scale invariant renormalisation breaks renormalisability and induces new non-trivial operators in the theory. In this work, we study the effects of such scale invariant renormalisation procedures. On the one hand, an explicitly quantum scale invariant theory can emerge from the scale invariant renormalisation of a scale invariant Lagrangian. On the other hand, we show how a quantum scale invariant theory can equally emerge from a Lagrangian visibly breaking scale invariance renormalised with scale dependent renormalisation (such as the traditional MS-bar scheme). In this last case, scale invariance is hidden in the theory, in the sense that it only appears explicitly after renormalisation.
Lane detection based on IBN deep neural network and attention

Lane detection is an indispensable technology for environmental perception and is a function of autonomous vehicles. Although many researchers have applied deep learning to lane detection and achieved good results, their application scenarios were relatively simple. When a lane is blocked, lost, or met with other challenges, the accuracy of lane detection decreases tremendously. This paper proposes a novel semantic segmentation network for lane detection that includes IBN-Net, an attention module, and an encoder-decoder structure called IAED. IBN-Net improves the modelling and generalisation capability with little computational complexity. The attention module can better capture context information and improve the performance of the network. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method, which improved by 6.3% over ResNet34 on the TuSimple datasets. Tests on the CULane datasets showed that our method is at least 3% better than existing methods. Experimental results showed that the proposed method has strong robustness under complex conditions such as insufficient illumination and shadow occlusion.