Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmogenic 10Be insights into the extent and chronology of the last deglaciation in Wester Ross, northwest Scotland

Cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages for bedrock sites around Torridon and the Applecross Peninsula in Wester Ross, northwest Scotland, provide new insights into the Lateglacial transition. Accounting for postglacial weathering, six statistically comparable exposure ages give a late Younger Dryas (G‐1) exposure age of 11.8 ± 1.1 ka. Two further outliers are tentative pre‐Younger Dryas exposure ages of 13.4 ± 0.5 ka in Torridon, and 17.5 ± 1.2 ka in Applecross. The Younger Dryas exposure ages have compelling implications for the deglaciation of marginal Loch Lomond Stadial ice fields in Torridon and Applecross. Firstly, they conflict with predictions of restricted ice cover and rapid retreat based on modelling experiments and climate proxies, instead fitting a model of vertically extensive and prolonged ice coverage in Wester Ross. Secondly, they indicate that >2 m of erosion took place in the upper valleys of Torridon and Applecross during the Younger Dryas, implying a dominantly warm‐based glacial regime. Finally, the exposure ages have clarified that corrie (cirque) glaciers did not readvance in Wester Ross, following final deglaciation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting Libya’s rentier economy: The politics of energy, water, and infrastructural decay

Libya’s fossil fuel wealth has dominated its political economy and state institutions since the 1960s and paid for large-scale, centralized water and energy infrastructures. Since the 2011 revolution, these infrastructures have been at the center of Libya’s protracted conflict. Unlike other protracted conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa in which water and energy were directly and extensively targeted, we find that warring parties in Libya have largely not sought to destroy but rather control and disrupt Libya’s rentier state institutions. The oil and gas infrastructure, along with the National Oil Company and the central bank that processes oil revenues, are at the heart of elite rivalries over political authority. We find relatively infrequent attacks on centralized water infrastructures. The toll of protracted conflict on water-energy systems has been cumulative, with looting, lack of repair and investment, and departure of qualified personnel. We draw upon an original dataset, qualitative interviews with humanitarian actors, policymakers, and Libyan experts, and a review of extant literature to show how and when local communities, armed militias, former army units, and aspiring warlords sought to capture and leverage water and energy infrastructures. The article highlights the consequences of infrastructure targeting for broader human security.
Identification of Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Male Bali Cattle in Dompu District

Livestock identification is a form of recording that must be done to provide information about individual livestock. This study aimed to identify the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of male bali cattle in Dompu Regency. Data analysis was carried out using statistics descriptive, using the average, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. One hundred twenty male bali cattle aged 1-36 months were used as samples. The results showed the frequency of each feature was 47.5% light brown fur color, 32.5% dark brown, and 20% black. The eel line was 40% thick line, 15% medium line, 25% thin line, and 20% did not have eel line. The metatarsal color was 87.5% white with a firm border and 12.5% white with an indistinct border. The rump color was 82.5% white with a firm boundary and 17.5% white with an indistinct boundary. The tail feather color was 37.5% black-brown, 32.5% brown, and 30% black. Furthermore, the measurement results obtained for quantitative properties were 113.8 ± 10.0 for body length, with a 8.8% coefficient of variation. Chest circumference were 147.2 ± 11.8, with a 8.0% coefficient of variation. Back height were 112.0 ± 7.9, with a 7.1% coefficient of variation. Hip height were 115.8 ± 8.4, with a 7.2% coefficient of variation. Body weight were 287.6 ± 40.1, with a 14.0% coefficient of variation. The study results show that the male bali cattle characteristics at Dompu Regency are relatively heterogenous, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Structural and timing constraints on molybdenum and tungsten mineralisation at Yea, Victoria

The molybdenite and scheelite mineralisation in the Native Dog Pluton at Monkey Gully near Yea is hosted within an I-type (post-orogenic) pluton, which shows extensive fractionation and magma mixing, and was emplaced in an extensional environment. The pluton comprises four principal rock types: tonalite, granodiorite, dacite and leucogranite. Emplacement of the pluton was in an extensional northwest to southeast paleostress field. Early extensional quartz veins, related to cooling, are overprinted by both dacitic dykes and late-stage quartz sheeted veins. The late-stage veins host the molybdenum and tungsten mineralisation in the deposit. 206Pb/238U zircon ages of 356 ±14 Ma and 375 ± 22 Ma place pluton formation and mineralisation at the onset of the Kanimblan Orogeny and later than other major molybdenum deposits in Victoria. Key factors governing the source for the granite and its associated mineralisation are: (1) the presence of a highly fractionated and sulfur-rich leucogranite; and (2) the pluton's location in a regional jog overlying the Selwyn basement block. Finally, a model is developed to explain the differences between this Melbourne Zone molybdenum and tungsten deposit compared with other metallogenic porphyry deposits.
Prediction of Spring Elbe Discharge Based on Stable Teleconnections with Winter Global Temperature and Precipitation

Abstract The predictability of Elbe streamflow anomalies during spring is examined using previous winter sea surface temperature (SST), temperature over land (TT), and precipitation (PP) anomalies. Based on running correlation analysis, the authors identify several regions where the spring streamflow anomalies are stable correlated with SST, TT, and PP anomalies from the previous winter. During the period 1902–71 the Elbe spring streamflow is stable correlated with previous winter PP anomalies from its catchment area, with TT anomalies from the Black Sea–Caspian Sea region, northwestern Europe, and northern Canada as well as with SST anomalies from the tropical Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and several regions of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. An index based on winter SST, TT, and PP anomalies from these regions is highly significantly correlated with spring streamflow anomalies during this period. Based on SST, TT, and PP anomalies from stable correlated regions, a forecast scheme is developed an.
Phytoplankton in the south-western Kara Sea: composition and distribution

The taxonomic composition and spatial distribution of pelagic algae were studied in the south-western Kara Sea in August-September 1981. In the north-western and easternmost regions of the study area the phytoplankton community, dominated by neritic diatoms and autotrophic dinoflagellates, was at the late spring bloom stage of the seasonal succession. In the central deep-water zone of the sea, there was a predominance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates from the genera Protoperidinium and Dinophysis, and the autotrophic compartment of the algal community was clearly in a stage of decline. The distribution of the phytoplankton assemblages followed closely the major routes of receding marginal ice zones. Three stages of the seasonal succession were established for the area of interest: (1) early spring (ice edge) bloom of arcto-boreal neritic diatoms; (2) late spring bloom of neritic diatoms and autotrophic dinoflagellates, fuelled by continental run-off; and (3) summer minimum with a predominance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates, followed by autumnal decline of the phytoplankton community.
Current Progress and Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Dentistry—A Narrative Review

The concept of machines learning and acting like humans is what is meant by the phrase “artificial intelligence” (AI). Several branches of dentistry are increasingly relying on artificial intelligence (AI) tools. The literature usually focuses on AI models. These AI models have been used to detect and diagnose a wide range of conditions, including, but not limited to, dental caries, vertical root fractures, apical lesions, diseases of the salivary glands, maxillary sinusitis, maxillofacial cysts, cervical lymph node metastasis, osteoporosis, cancerous lesions, alveolar bone loss, the need for orthodontic extractions or treatments, cephalometric analysis, age and gender determination, and more. The primary contemporary applications of AI in the dental field are in undergraduate teaching and research. Before these methods can be used in everyday dentistry, however, the underlying technology and user interfaces need to be refined.
Growth of the Qaidam Basin during Cenozoic exhumation in the northern Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from depositional patterns and multiproxy detrital provenance signatures

Sedimentologic and provenance analyses for the Qaidam Basin in the northern Tibetan Plateau help to elucidate the stratigraphic signatures of initial deformation and exhumation in basin-bounding ranges. The basin recorded sedimentary transitions in response to uplift and unroofing of several distinctive source regions. Along the NE basin margin, a detrital record of exhumation and basin isolation is preserved in the 6200-m-thick Cenozoic succession at the Dahonggou anticline. An up-section shift from axial fluvial and marginal lacustrine deposition to transverse fluvial sedimentation suggests progradation and increasingly proximal sediment sources, reflecting activation and advance of crustal deformation. Provenance results from sandstone petrology, U-Pb geochronology, and heavy mineral analyses indicate initial late Paleocene–early Eocene derivation from igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary sources, consistent with Permian–Triassic arc rocks dominating the southern (Kunlun Shan) or southwestern (Qimen Tagh) basin margins. Up-section variations in sediment composition and detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions are attributed to Eocene–Oligocene derivation from lower Paleozoic and Mesozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks of the central to northern Qilian Shan–Nan Shan. Disappearance of igneous sources and persistence of metamorphic sources are consistent with derivation from the southern Qilian Shan–Nan Shan during early–middle Miocene shortening along the frontal Nan Shan–North Qaidam thrust belt. These results are supported by paleocurrent analyses revealing an Eocene shift from roughly E-directed (axial) to SW-directed (transverse) dispersal of sediment. Variations in lithofacies, composition, U-Pb ages, and paleoflow are consistent with late Paleocene–early Eocene exhumation in the Kunlun Shan followed by middle Eocene–middle Miocene exhumation in the Qilian Shan–Nan Shan. The up-section disappearance and reappearance of diagnostic U-Pb age populations can be associated with progressive unroofing of multiple thrust sheets, successive input of sedimentary and magmatic sources, and southward encroachment of Qilian Shan–Nan Shan shortening into the Qaidam Basin. The sedimentary record presented here indicates that during the Paleogene, the unified Qaidam-Tarim Basin was partitioned and uplifted as it was incorporated into the growing Tibetan Plateau. Comparison with basins on and surrounding the Tibetan Plateau suggests that basement strength and lateral homogeneity, and formation of syndepositional structural dams are among the primary controls on formation of giant sedimentary basins.
Geothermal Reservoir Volume Estimation from Gravity and Aeromagnetic Modeling Of the Steamboat Hills Geothermal Area, Reno, Nevada

Concurrent development and production of nearby geothermal and drinking water resources in the Steamboat Hills area, Nevada require an understanding of the hydrogeologic connection between these two resources. The need to identify the structural controls for groundwater flow in this complex hydrogeologic setting prompted us to construct a detailed 3-D geologic model based on 2.75-D forward modeling of multiple gravity and aeromagnetic profiles constrained by geological data and physical properties. Data along 11 profiles allow detailed modeling of altered granodiorite and metamorphic rocks thought to represent the extent of the geothermal reservoir. This representation of the geothermal reservoir yields a volume estimate of 58 km3 and a geothermal recovery factor (R,) of 12.5% for the system. The model also suggests thermal water may upflow along a fault flanking the western Steamboat Hills in an area not yet explored.
Leaf Litter Production and Soil Fertility Improvement in a Home garden in the Akuapem District of Ghana

Ceiba pentandra, Colagigantea,Lanneawelwitschii,Militia excelsa (all non-leguminous) and Milletia zechiana (leguminous) are among the various tree species retained on cropping fields in the Akuapem District of Ghana, but little is known of the actual contribution of these species to soil fertility improvement. Leaf litter samples from the above-mentioned non-leguminous species were analysed to determine their nutrient content. Leaf litter production was also quantified monthly over a fourmonth period and hence the potential contribution of the different types of leaf litter to the soil nutrient pool was calculated. Results from pot experiments, in which maize (Zea mays) was used as a test crop indicated that when the leaf litter produced by the four non-leguminous species are used as mulch, the nutrients contained in them are not readily available for plant growth. Nonetheless, studies of soil chemical properties beneath tree canopy, at canopy edge and outside tree canopy suggest that long term accumulation of leaf Utter from C. pentandra and L. wehvitschii results in higher availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. Millettia zechiana, on the other hand, was found to have nodulation ability and hence is potentially capable of contributing to soil enrichment through biological nitrogen fixation. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh
AC Loss Modeling of a CORC Cable via an Analytical Equation and Finite Elements

High temperature superconducting (HTS) fusion magnets must avoid quenching when subjected to a rapidly changing field, in normal operation and due to transient events. To this end, correct understanding of the AC losses is key. Their calculation in structures made with HTS tapes such as conductor on round core (CORC), twisted stacked tape conductor (TSTC), etc., still faces challenges due to the unique structure and geometry of the HTS tapes – normally made of Rare-Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) – in addition to twisting and/or transposition. To estimate the losses in the CORC cable of a poloidal field magnet carrying being subjected to a sinusoidal waveform field and/or current, two methods are used in this article. First, the well-established H-formulation via the finite element method. Second, an analytical formula, available in literature, for calculating the hysteresis loss in a straight tape. It is then shown that the typically 3D finite element model (FEM) problem of AC loss in twisted and transposed tapes in CORCs can be simulated in 2D when the peak background field is high. Simultaneously, the analytical formula is corrected for a twisted and transposed tape, allowing to analytically model twisted and transposed tape assemblies such as CORC. A comparison is made between the results of the two AC loss calculation methods, demonstrating the limitations of the analytical calculation, but also that a close match in the loss is possible under certain conditions.
Reforestation regulated soil bacterial community structure along vertical profiles in the Loess Plateau

Introduction Reforestation is a widely used strategy for ecological restoration in areas facing ecological degradation. Soil bacteria regulate many functional processes in terrestrial ecosystems; however, how they respond to reforestation processes in surface and deep soils remains unclear. Methods Artificial Robinia pseudoacacia plantation with different stand ages (8, 22, and 32 years) in a typical fallow forest on the Loess Plateau was selected to explore the differential response of soil bacterial community to reforestation in different soil depths (surface 0–200 cm, middle 200–500 cm, and deep 500-100 cm). Soil bacterial diversity, community composition and the co-occurrence patterns, as well as the functions were analyzed. Results and discussion The results showed that alpha diversity and the presence of biomarkers (keynote species) decreased with the increasing soil depth, with a sharp reduction in family-level biomarker numbers in 500–1,000 cm depth, while reforestation had a positive impact on bacterial alpha diversity and biomarkers. Reforestation induced a more loosely connected bacterial community, as evidenced by an increase of 9.38, 22.87, and 37.26% in the average path length of the co-occurrence network in all three soil layers, compared to farmland. In addition, reforestation reduced the hierarchy and complexity but increased the modularity of the co-occurrence network in top and deep soil layers. Reforestation also led to enrichment in the relative abundance of functional pathways in all soil layers. This study sheds light on the strategies employed by deep soil bacteria in response to reforestation and underscores the significant potential of deep soil bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in the context of human-induced environmental changes.
THE IMPACT OF RADIO ENTERTAINMENT - EDUCATION PROGRAM ON SEXUAL PRACTICES OF SELECTED FARM FAMILIES IN EBONYI STATE

This study investigated the influence of a radio soap opera in creating favorable sexual practices by rural farm families in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedures resulted in the selection and subsequent interview of 336 respondents from 85 farm families. Majority of the sampled respondents were below the age of 54 years (92.9%), averagely educated (secondary education, 29.2%), with household size of 6-10 members (39.9%). Majority have been influenced by the radio soap opera to abstain from casual sex (76.8%) and to use condom (67.9%). There was a significant difference in risky sexual practices (t= 7.44; p< 0.00) by respondents before and after exposure to the soap opera. Given the significant contribution of this radio drama programme, it is recommended that such is replicated to address other areas and issues in development milieu.
Mapping thin resistors and hydrocarbons with marine EM methods, Part II -Modeling and analysis in 3D

The electromagnetic fields surrounding a thin, subseabed resistive disk in response to a deep-towed, time-harmonic electric dipole antenna are investigated using a newly developed 3D Cartesian, staggered-grid modeling algorithm. We demonstrate that finite-difference and finite-volume methods for solving the governing curl-curl equation yield identical, complex-symmetric coefficient matrices for the resulting N×N linear system of equations. However, the finite-volume approach has an advantage in that it naturally admits quadrature integration methods for accurate representation of highly compact or exponentially varying source terms constituting the right side of the resulting linear system of equations. This linear system is solved using a coupled two-term recurrence, quasi-minimal residual algorithm that doesnot require explicit storage of the coefficient matrix, thus reducing storage costs from 22N to 10N complex, double-precision words with no decrease in computational performance. The disk model serve.
Contribution of solar quiet (Sq) daily current variations to the deep earth conductivity within the Southern African Region

This work focuses on determining the source current systems by applying the method of spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) to geomagnetic field data obtained from ground measurements. The objectives are to establish the mantle conductivity-depth profile and to compare the results of the profiles from four stations with other research findings. The study utilizes magnetometer data obtained for the year 2011 from geomagnetic stations located in Hermanus, Maputo, Tsumeb, and Hartebeesthoek within the Southern African region. The Gauss SHA method, along with Matlab software, is employed to separate the internal and external field contributions to solar quiet (Sq) current variations. Subsequently, a transfer function is used to calculate the electrical conductivity-depth profile of the region. The results show that, across all the stations, the highest seasonal Sq current was recorded in the month of June for Hartebeesthoek, Hermanus, and Tsumeb regions. Maputo, however, exhibited an exception with nearly triple peaks in the months of March, June, and December, with the highest occurring during the December solstice. The evaluated maximum values for seasonal Sq current in Hartebeesthoek, Hermanus, Maputo, and Tsumeb are approximately 16.0, 12.5, 12.0, and 14.8 nT, respectively. An equinoxial maximum with a value of 2.1 × 103 A was observed in the seasonal external Sq current in March within the Maputo region, while a solsticial minimum with a value of 0.75 × 103 A occurred in June in the Hartebeesthoek region. The seasonal separated external Sq current system pattern appears to be the same as that of the seasonal Sq current system, indicating that the source of the Sq current system is external to the Earth. The study reveals the greatest depth of Sq current penetration and the highest electrical conductivity values within the Southern African region when compared with other research. Finally, this research contributes to establishing the electrical conductivity of Maputo and Hartebeesthoek regions, where no prior work has been conducted.