Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of a swimmer’s passive wave resistance using experimental data and CFD simulations

The passive resistance of a swimmer on the free surface has previously been researched experimentally. The contribution of wave resistance to total drag for a swimmer with a velocity around 2.0 m.s-1 was found to vary from 5% for Vorontsov and Rumyantsev (2000), to 21 % for Toussaint et al. (2002) and up to 60% according to Vennell et al. (2006). The exact resistance breakdown of a swimmer remains unknown due to difficulties in the direct measurement of wave resistance. As noted by Sato and Hino (2010), this lack of experimental data makes it difficult to validate numerical simulations of swimmers on the free surface. This study is therefore aimed at presenting direct measurements of a swimmer’s total drag and wave resistance, along with the longitudinal wave cuts which may be used to validate numerical simulations. In this paper, experimental data of a swimmer’s resistance are presented at two different velocities (case 1 = 1.7 m.s-1 and case 2 = 2.1 m.s-1). Total drag was measured using force block dynamometers mounted on a custom-built tow rig (Webb et al., 2011). Moreover, a longitudinal wave cut method was used to directly evaluate wave resistance (Eggers, 1955). The two conditions tested were simulated using the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM (OpenFOAM® (2013)). The body geometry is a generic human form, morphed into the correct attitude and depth using the above- and under-water video footage recorded during the experiment. 3D Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulations were performed using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to solve the air-water interface. A similar numerical technique was used by Banks (2013a) to assess the passive resistance of a swimmer. Two cases were simulated and the error in total drag compared to the experimental data was found to be 1 % and 22 % respectively. In this paper, the resistance components over a swimmer’s typical range of speeds are investigated and compared with the experimental data
Why do Firms Operate Informally? Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

This paper investigates factors that motivate entrepreneurs to completely operate within informality and the drivers of formal companies to underreport revenues. In particular, this work identifies and organizes the determinants of firm informality through a systematic literature review in Scopus and Web of Science databases. The article presents several contributions. First, it examines the two main frameworks of informality (structuralist/exclusion and legalistic/exit dimensions) and links this with the different roles of unregistered firms in economic development (survival, De Soto, and parasite views). It also studies the theoretical basis of informality, including economic, institutional, psychological, and sociological aspects. Second, the paper summarizes business informality determinants based on studies with different methodological approaches (macro, microeconomic), contexts (developed, emerging, transition economies), and periods (1983-2018). Our results show that firm informality is mostly addressed in the examined literature as a decision or voluntary choice by companies and entrepreneurs (legalistic vision). Third, the article proposes an integral theoretical model, according to which the firm informality level is determined by structural elements (company and entrepreneur’s characteristics) and environmental factors (corruption, bureaucracy, taxes, etc.). The analysis is relevant for researchers studying this subject and for policymakers as well.
Tier 2 Social and Emotional Learning Interventions of a Multi-Tier System of Support: Literature Review

There are many students who face barriers and difficulties to display social emotional learning competencies. As result of lacking these skills, students become less connected to school as they proceed from elementary to middle to high school and negatively impact their academic performance, behavior, and health. Research shows that small group instruction is highly effective in helping students master essential skills and tasks. The purpose of this paper is to review social and emotional learning interventions at Tier 2 of a Multi-Tier System of Support (MTSS). The secondary intervention tier utilizes targeted interventions in small groups identified by support team and then employ them by using effective strategies that directly target a skill deficit. This paper includes a review of evidence-based practices for improving social-emotional outcomes and interventions for behavioral problems.
Policy attention to climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: a global assessment of National Communications (1994–2019)

ABSTRACT Over the past 30 years countries across the globe have developed and implemented policies and measures on climate change impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability (IAV). This paper empirically explores whether and how policy attention around climate change IAV has shifted over time and across regions. We use structural topic modelling to analyse the main themes and regional differences reported by 196 countries in their UNFCCC National Communications over the period 1994–2019. Based on 612 documents, we find impact topics dominate policy attention (>50% of the topics), but this has decreased in recent periods. Attention to the topic on governance, adaptation, and vulnerability have increased over time and across all regions. We observe a more homogeneous spread of topics in recent time periods, and large differences across topic proportions across 6 regions. Results further suggest that the different IAV topic distributions between Annex I and non-Annex I countries continue to persist. Our findings and approach can help to gain a clearer picture of how policy attention to IAV is evolving globally. Key policy insights: Policy attention in National Communications to adaptation has slowly increased but remained stable since 2013. Asia and Africa have paid more attention to adaptation compared to Europe and North America where focus on impacts dominates. Compared to earlier time periods, the topic distribution of impacts, adaptation and vulnerability in 2017–2019 is most different across regions. Large regional differences in attention to IAV suggest the need to tailor the global stocktaking under the Paris Agreement to better understand progress countries and regions make.
Partitioned Country-of-Origin Effect on Consumer Behavior: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Despite considerable research, empirical results on the relationship between partitioned country-of-origin (COO) and consumer behavior remain inconclusive and conflicting. This study aims to examine the (a) overall and disaggregate effects of selected COO sub-components (country-of-brand, country-of-design, country-of-manufacture/assembly, and country-of-parts) on product evaluation, brand evaluation, and purchase intentions; and (b) effect of selected study methodological and contextual characteristics on the focal relationship. The study employs a meta-analysis to synthesize prior literature regarding the partitioned COO—consumer behavior relationship of 82 independent samples in 64 empirical papers published in the last 30 years, including 25,827 observations and 1,239 effect sizes. Results reveal that partitioned COO has a significant, positive influence on consumer behavior; however, our subgroup analysis demonstrates that the impact on purchase intention is significantly larger than product evaluation and brand evaluation. Moreover, findings disclose that country-of-brand (COB) effect is the largest and interacts strongly with purchase intention than the effects and interactions of the other partitioned sub-components. Again, the moderator analysis shows that these effects depend on contextual and methodological factors (i.e., cues, culture, product stimulus level, product category, and study design). These findings advance COO research by clarifying the anecdotal mixed results, pointing out relevant managerial implications, and identifying potential avenues for further research.
Why Do Female Domestic Violence Victims Remain in or Leave Abusive Relationships? A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT Domestic violence has severe physical and mental health consequences, yet many women remain in abusive relationships. Domestic violence is generally more prevalent among ethnic minorities than among ethnic majorities. Yet, little is known about reasons to stay and leave within ethnic minority groups. Therefore, we examined reasons for staying in and leaving abusive relationships in an ethnically diverse sample of female domestic violence victims from the United Kingdom. In-depth interviews with 20 intimate partner violence victims (40% identifying as ethnic minority) were analyzed using template thematic analysis. We identified three main themes for why women stayed. The first theme was that of investment, which contained the subthemes of marriage, pregnancy, and keeping the family together. The second theme was that of entrapment, which contained subthemes of economic dependence, physical entrapment/social isolation, learned helplessness/coping mechanisms, and religious/cultural beliefs. The third theme was love (no subthemes). Additionally, we identified three main themes for why women left. The first theme was external support, encompassing subthemes of professional support and informal support. The second main theme was fear of harm, which included the subthemes of fear for negative effects on mental health and fear of physical harm. The third theme was that of protecting the children (no subthemes). Among ethnic minority women, some specific reasons to stay appeared more prevalent (i.e., religious beliefs). Identified themes are diverse and support cost-benefit analyses of domestic violence. Applying cost-benefit analyses in practice may enable victims to leave abusive relationships.
Repetitive binge-like consumption based on the Drinking-in-the-Dark model alters the microglial population in the mouse hippocampus

Alcoholism causes various maladaptations in the central nervous system, including the neuroimmune system. Studies of alcohol-induced dysregulation of the neuroimmune system generally focus on alcohol dependence and brain damage, but our previous research indicates that repetitive binge-like consumption perturbs cytokines independent of cell death. This paper extends that research by examining the impact of binge-like consumption on microglia in the hippocampus and the amygdala. Microglia were assessed using immunohistochemistry following binge-like ethanol consumption based on Drinking-in-the-Dark model. Immunohistochemistry results showed that binge-like ethanol consumption caused an increase in Iba-1 immunoreactivity and the number of Iba-1+ cells after one Drinking-in-the-Dark cycle. However, after three Drinking-in-the-Darkcycles, the number of microglia decreased in the hippocampus. We showed that in the dentate gyrus, the average immunoreactivity/cell was increased following ethanol exposure despite the decrease in number after three cycles. Likewise, Ox-42, an indicator of microglia activation, was upregulated after ethanol consumption. No significant effects on microglia number or immunoreactivity (Iba-1 nor Ox-42) were observed in the amygdala. Finally, ethanol caused an increase in the expression of the microglial gene Aif-1 during intoxication and ten days into abstinence, suggesting persistence of ethanol-induced upregulation of microglial genes. Altogether, these findings indicate that repetitive binge-like ethanol is sufficient to elicit changes in microglial reactivity. This altered neuroimmune state may contribute to the development of alcohol use disorders.
Prediction of Bacteremia Based on 12-Year Medical Data Using a Machine Learning Approach: Effect of Medical Data by Extraction Time

Early detection of bacteremia is important to prevent antibiotic abuse. Therefore, we aimed to develop a clinically applicable bacteremia prediction model using machine learning technology. Data from two tertiary medical centers’ electronic medical records during a 12-year-period were extracted. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), random forest, and gradient boosting algorithms were applied for machine learning analysis. Clinical data within 12 and 24 hours of blood culture were analyzed and compared. Out of 622,771 blood cultures, 38,752 episodes of bacteremia were identified. In MLP with 128 hidden layer nodes, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the prediction performance in 12- and 24-h data models was 0.762 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.7617–0.7623) and 0.753 (95% CI; 0.7520–0.7529), respectively. AUROC of causative-pathogen subgroup analysis predictive value for Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia was the highest at 0.839 (95% CI; 0.8388–0.8394). Compared to primary bacteremia, AUROC of sepsis caused by pneumonia was highest. Predictive performance of bacteremia was superior in younger age groups. Bacteremia prediction using machine learning technology appeared possible for acute infectious diseases. This model was more suitable especially to pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. From the 24-h blood culture data, bacteremia was predictable by substituting only the continuously variable values.
Experimental study on rectangular barge in beam sea

Experimental Study on Rectangular Barge in Beam Sea. (May 2004) Kwang Hyo Jung, B.S.; M.S., Pusan National University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Kuang-An Chang This study presents laboratory observations of flow characteristics for regular waves passing a rectangular barge in a two dimensional wave tank. The rectangular barge was fixed and free to roll (one degree of freedom) in a beam sea. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to measure the velocity field in the vicinity of the structure. The mean velocity and turbulence properties were obtained by phaseaveraging the velocity profiles from repeated test runs. The quantitative flow characteristics were represented to elucidate the coupled interactions between the regular wave and the barge in roll motion or fixed condition. Additionally, the turbulence properties including the turbulence length scale and the turbulent kinetic energy budget were investigated to characterize the flow pattern due to the wave interaction. Because all the data including wave elevations, roll motion, and dynamic pressure were synchronized with velocity profiles, the results between the roll motion and the fixed condition were compared. The viscous effects due to the flow separation depend on the relative relation between the wave water particle motion and the roll motion of the barge. The viscous damping mechanism that reduces the roll motion at the roll natural period wave is illustrated. It shows that the vortex flow was mainly induced by the roll motion. For wave periods longer than the roll natural period, the flow was separated in different directions accompanying the roll natural period wave. The longer waves may help the roll motion with the vortex flow predominantly separated by the wave water particle motion rather than the barge motion. This may be called the viscous exciting effect. Moreover, the variations of dynamic pressures near the corners were measured and analyzed along with the viscous effect for both the roll motion and the fixed barge cases.
To Assess the Knowledge Regarding Glaucoma among General Population

Background: The level of knowledge of glaucoma and their possible determinants in a group of people diagnosed with glaucoma and in a population based group without glaucoma. Studies performed on the prevalence of glaucoma have reported a high proportion of undiagnosed patients. Late diagnosis is related to increased risk of glaucoma associated with visual impairment and disability. Lack of awareness and non-availability of appropriate screening procedures are among the major reasons for non-diagnosis or late diagnosis of glaucoma. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the level of awareness about glaucoma among the general population. Objective: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding glaucoma among general population. 2. To find an association between the level of knowledge with selected socio demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in selected hospital. Descriptive research approach was used in this study. Hundred people in the general population were selected for the study. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results: The show that 1 (1%) had poor level of knowledge, 27(27%) were having an average level of knowledge. Fifty seven percent (57%) had a good level of knowledge, fifth teen present 15 (15%) had very good knowledge. None exhibited excellent level of knowledge. The minimum score was 3 and the maximum score was 12, with the mean score for the test being 7.61 ±1.814 and mean percentage of knowledge was 50.73%.
FLEXIBLE MODELS FOR ANALYZING ROUTE AND DEPARTURE TIME CHOICE

This paper describes how the representation of the interrelated choice of route and departure time within a discrete choice model presents important theoretical and practical problems for modelers. The model must be able to represent the nature of the choice process and it must be able to take into account complex problems of correlations between available options. Such correlations involve overlapping routes and substitutability between departure times that are close together. This paper is the fourth in a series of papers arising from research conducted as part of a Research Council-funded project investigating the potential of the error component logit model for the study of drivers' route and departure time choice.
High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Autonomic Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Simple Summary Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increased blood glucose concentration. The most common diabetes is type 2, corresponding to approximately 95% of the diagnosed cases. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to many complications such as increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases as well as renal and ophthalmologic complications. Physical exercise is seen as an effective non-pharmacological strategy for managing the disease. In the present study, 44 middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited and stratified into three exercise groups: HIIT-30:30, HIIT-2:2, and MICT. All patients were submitted to anamnesis, evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiac autonomic modulation, and were submitted to physical exercise programs for eight weeks. From the results found, it was possible to infer that high intensity physical training programs can be safe and effective for patients with type 2 diabetes and might be performed in different phases of a rehabilitation program. However, it is necessary to know how to work with the prescription of these exercises considering its cost effectiveness, because, in this study, the protocols HIIT-2:2 and HIIT-30:30 presented superior benefits to the MICT protocol. Abstract Different exercise models have been used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), like moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT); however, their effects on autonomic modulation are unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different exercise modes on autonomic modulation in patients with T2D. In total, 44 adults with >5 years of T2D diagnosis were recruited and stratified into three groups: HIIT-30:30 (n = 15, age 59.13 ± 5.57 years) that performed 20 repetitions of 30 s at 100% of VO2peak with passive recovery, HIIT-2:2 (n = 14, age 61.20 ± 2.88) that performed 5 repetitions of 2 min at 100% of VO2peak with passive recovery, and MICT (n = 15, age 58.50 ± 5.26) that performed 14 min of continuous exercise at 70% of VO2peak. All participants underwent anamnesis and evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac autonomic modulation. All protocols were equated by total distance and were performed two times per week for 8 weeks. Group × time interactions were observed for resting heart rate (HRrest) [F(2.82) = 3.641; p = 0.031] and SDNN [F(2.82) = 3.462; p = 0.036]. Only the HIIT-30:30 group significantly reduced SDNN (p = 0.002 and 0.025, respectively). HRrest reduced more in the HIIT-30:30 group compared with the MICT group (p = 0.038). Group × time interactions were also observed for offTAU [F(2.82) = 3.146; p = 0.048] and offTMR [F(2.82) = 4.424; p = 0.015]. The MICT group presented increased values of offTAU compared with the HIIT-30:30 and HIIT-2:2 groups (p = 0.001 and 0.013, respectively), representing a slower HR response after eight weeks of intervention. HIIT, specially HIIT-30:30, represents a promising measure for improving autonomic modulation in patients with T2D.
Meeting learning objectives in an in-house research placement: results of a student-supervisor duo-ethnography

ABSTRACT To address a shortage of social work placements during the COVID-19 pandemic, the first author created a remote in-house research placement providing a third-year undergraduate student with 240 field education hours to count toward a Bachelor of Social Work degree. The primary task was for the student to analyze interview transcripts about the experiences of students and trainers in an online counseling skills workshop. Using a duo-ethnographic method, the findings showed that the student-supervisor relationship was key to the learning, there were challenges in aligning the tasks with the range of learning objectives expected in the program, and several of the expected and unexpected learning outcomes achieved were considered transferable beyond just research skill development. While there were some challenges related to isolation, exhaustion, and self-care, overall this placement was considered to be a success. Recommendations for future research and in-house placements were made.
Differences in Immune-Related Genes Underlie Temporal and Regional Pathological Progression in 3xTg-AD Mice

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of age-associated dementia, is estimated to increase over the next decades. Evidence suggests neuro-immune signaling deregulation and risk genes beyond the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in AD pathology. We examined the temporal profile of inflammatory mediators and microglia deactivation/activation in the brain cortex and hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice at 3- and 9-month-old. We found upregulated APP processing, decreased expression of CD11b, CX3CR1, MFG-E8, TNF-α, IL-1β, MHC-II and C/EBP-α and increased miR-146a in both brain regions in 3-month-old 3xTG-AD mice, suggestive of a restrictive regulation. Enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, SOCS1 and Arginase 1 were only present in the hippocampus of 9-month-old animals, though elevation of HMGB1 and reduction of miR-146a and miR-124 were common features in the hippocampus and cortex regions. miR-155 increased early in the cortex and later in both regions, supporting its potential as a biomarker. Candidate downregulated target genes by cortical miR-155 included Foxo3, Runx2 and CEBPβ at 3 months and Foxo3, Runx2 and Socs1 at 9 months, which are implicated in cell survival, but also in Aβ pathology and microglia/astrocyte dysfunction. Data provide new insights across AD state trajectory, with divergent microglia phenotypes and inflammatory-associated features, and identify critical targets for drug discovery and combinatorial therapies.