Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photomicrographic Studies of Fuel Sprays

A large number of photomicrographs of fuel sprays were taken for the purpose of studying the spray structure and the process of spray formation. They were taken at magnifying powers of 2.5, 3.25, and 10, using a spark discharge of very short duration for illumination. Several types and sizes of nozzles were investigated, different liquids were used, and a wide range of injection pressures was employed. The sprays were photographed as they were injected into a glass-walled chamber in which the air density was varied from 14 atmospheres to 0.0013 atmosphere.
Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Police Personnel in India

I ndia reported the first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on January 30, 2020 Police were among the first responders to the COVID-19 disaster and are popularly listed among the "corona warriors", along with health care personnel [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine is the property of Sage Publications Inc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Video feedback and the choice of strategies of college-level guitarists during individual practice

Developing musicians are expected to accumulate many hours of self-regulated practice to attain expertise on a musical instrument. The ability to choose appropriate strategies based on the internal and external feedback obtained while performing in the absence of the teacher’s support constitutes an important aspect of self-regulated practice. Nevertheless, performing and simultaneously monitoring the performance for feedback represents a challenge for any learner, therefore possibly affecting the resulting choice of strategies. A possible solution to this problem might be to videotape the performance and watching it afterwards to fully concentrate on each task. Studies that have used video feedback in the domain of sports suggest that there may be many similar potential benefits of self-recording for musicians’ self-regulation practices. In our study, we examined how video feedback might affect the choice of strategies of intermediate–advanced musicians (n = 16) while practising a new piece of music. To attain this objective, we compared the number of qualitative text entries coded against an observation framework derived from observations of a group of musicians who used video feedback four times over a period of ten practice sessions with the number of coding entries of a group of musicians who did not use video feedback. Our results indicated that musicians who used video feedback practised at a slow tempo more often and that they played longer segments of the piece earlier in the learning process than the musicians who did not use video feedback.
Integrating refugees through active labour market policy: A comparative survey experiment

In the wake of the recent increase in the inflows of refugees to Europe, governments have made considerable investments in public policies aimed at facilitating the labour market integration of refugees. Despite these efforts, the labour market participation of refugees remains low. This situation raises the question of whether employers actually appreciate these public policies and whether refugees’ participation in specific active labour market policies (ALMPs), such as work practice or wage subsidies, increases their likelihood of being hired. In this article, we take a novel approach and combine employers’ evaluations of specific ALMPs with their attitudes towards refugees. We argue that these labour market policies can only be successful when employers hold positive attitudes towards refugees in the first place. We investigate this question by means of a factorial survey experiment with employers in Austria, Germany and Sweden. Our results show that, indeed, employers’ evaluations of fictional refugee candidates who participated in ALMPs are influenced by their attitudes towards this group. Participation in these policy measures is regarded positively only by those employers who already hold positive attitudes towards refugees.
Green supplier selection using fuzzy Delphi method for developing sustainable supply chain

The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of the supplier selection process with green consideration. Thus, this analysis gathers a collection of factors from established literature of green supplier selection (GSS), including seven categories and 58 attributes. The objective of this research is to classify the key factors which are presented as qualitative information. Fuzzy logic rules are used to transform qualitative expert knowledge into numerical data. Then, we adopt the Delphi method (DM) to filter and rate unneeded factors according to their relevance. The results indicate 24 important factors for the GSS process. Five categories are included: Performance and technology ability, Environmental management, Pollution control, Quality and Service. The most significant factors are recognized as green research and development, eco-design, green image, green packaging and remanufacturing. Finally, the debate is held on the basis of the findings and future research are also recognized and stated.
The Deletion of Omp19 Gene of Brucella abortus 2308 Reduces Its Survival in Mouse Macrophage and in Mice

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of outer membrane protein Omp19 of Brucella in its pathogenesis. In this research, the Brucella 2308 ∆Omp19 deletion mutant was constructed and its intracellular survivability was evaluated in murine macrophages RAW264.7 and BALB/c mice. We also analyzed the lysosomal fusion induced by and cytotoxicity of Brucella in murine macrophages RAW264.7. The results showed that the Brucella 2308 ∆Omp19 induced higher levels of immunoprotective cytokines in vitro than Brucella 2308, and the number of intracellular bacteria in RAW264.7 macrophages was lower after Brucella 2308 ∆Omp19 infection than after Brucella 2308 infection. In vivo, Brucella 2308 ∆Omp19 induced protective immune response in mice, and the splenic bacterial load of this deletion mutant was lower than that of Brucella 2308. In addition, the Brucella 2308 ∆Omp19 also promoted the fusion of Brucella-containing vacuoles and lysosomes, in macrophages. Therefore, Brucella 2308 ∆Omp19 reduced virulence compared with Brucella 2308 and activate the immune response of the host, and is a promising candidate for a live attenuated vaccine.
Experimental study on the shear stiffness and damping ratio of the coarse-grained soil against geogrid interface

Geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures are mostly used to retain subgrade slope of highway and railway. For the design and performance analyses of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures under repeated loading, such as those induced by compaction, traffic and earthquakes, the understanding of cyclic soil–geosynthetic interface behaviour is of great interest. Nevertheless, experimental data concerning this type of behaviour are very scarce. A laboratory study was carried out and is described in this paper. This paper presents the behaviour of an interface between a coarse-grained soil and a geogrid under cyclic loading conditions. A large-scale direct shear test device able to perform displacement-controlled cyclic tests was used. The results obtained are presented and discussed, especially the effects of the displacement amplitude and normal stress on the shear stiffness and damping ratio are investigated. The dynamic response parameters of the soil-geosynthetic interface are greatly affected by the number of cycles, and the variations in the two parameters with the number of cycles are related to the normal stress and the shear displacement amplitude. when at large displacements, the damping ratio decreases first and then stabilizes with the number of cycles. However, at small displacement, the shear stiffness and damping ratio are all decrease somewhat at the initial stage of cyclic shearing. As the experimental materials used in this study are relatively single, and further experimental research should be carried out in the future. The shear parameters of interface in this study can provide reference for the design of reinforced soil structure.
Estratégias Cooperativas: avaliando a gestão da estratégia em redes de pequenas e média empresas

Network formation aiming the development of cooperation among small and medium-sized companies has received increasing interest from the organizational field. Recent studies have been devoted to understand the management of those networks, deepening the collective aspects of the structure, the coordination, and the processes, among others. This article lies within the context of network strategy management progress and tries to understand how cooperative strategies are developed and executed. Its main objective is to evaluate to what degree the cooperative strategies in networks of small and mid-sized firms are developed. The study was based on the theoretical evaluation of networks proposed by Bortolaso et al. (2010) and addressed different aspects of cooperative strategy management in those networks, like i) the definition of common strategic objectives, ii) the collective analysis of the environment, iii) strategic network planning, iv) the deployment of the strategy in joint actions, v) monitoring of strategic planning by means of regular meetings and vi) the establishment of collective performance indicators. To achieve those goals, our analysis focuses on cooperation networks in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which has already established over 200 small and mid-sized enterprise networks with the support of a public policy. To carry out our study, we visited 12 networks and conducted 60 interviews, i.e., five per network. The network evaluation results show that cooperative strategies are still at a low stage of development. Among the evaluated networks, only four of them feature more developed cooperative strategies. Based on these results, we performed detailed analyses of the seven aspects mentioned above, as well as a consolidated evaluation of the development level of the cooperative strategy of the networks, totalizing eight analyses. This article also points out how networks could be improved and highlights avenues for further research. Key words: Cooperation. Networks. Small and mid-sized firms. Cooperative strategies.
Structure and Electrochemistry of NaxFexMn1-xO2 (1.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) for Na-Ion Battery Positive Electrodes

Fe containing Na-ion cathode materials are desirable due to their low cost and use of earth abundant raw materials. Here, the electrochemistry of layered NaxFe3+xTi4+1-xO2 is described. It was found that Mossbauer spectra can accurately detect Na vacancies in NaxFe3+xTi4+1-xO2 material from their effects on neighboring Fe3+ ions and this model can be used to analyse materials at different stages of charge or discharge. This Na vacancy model potentially has broader implications and may be useful as a probe for Na-vacancies in iron containing Na-ion cathode materials in general. The oxidation of Fe3+ to Fe4+ during electrochemical cycling is shown to be a major source of hysteresis and capacity fade, while the activation of the Fe2+/Fe3+ and Ti3+/Ti4+ redox couples results in stable cycling performance. Possible reasons for capacity fade and hysteresis are discussed in terms of ex-situ Mossbauer and XRD studies.
Fractionation and Availability of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils near Abandoned Mining Areas

This study was conducted to compare fractionations and availability of heavy metal in paddy soils near five abandoned mining areas. The sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the heavy metals in soils into the designated from water , , organically bound(0.5M NaOH), , and . EDTA and extractable of Cd, Pb, and Zn, and NaOH and , extractable of Cu were predominant chemical forms. The ratio of extractable of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb were 25.1, 8.7, 4.0, and 0.4%, respectively. The ratio of extractable heavy metal were negatively correlated with soil pH, while extractable heavy metal were positively correlated. The most consistent distribution patterns were found when the soil samples were grouped according to their total contents. Specially, the ratio of extractable heavy metal were higher as total contents of heavy metal were increased. The ratio of extractable heavy metal(Cd 1.06, Cu 0.15, Pb 0.01, and Zn 0.05%) were lower at the high soil pH than those(Cd 31.31, Cu 4.06, Pb 1.75, and Zn 10.16%) at the low level. Compared to other chemical forms, the degree of contribution for extractable form to the Cd uptake to brown rice was high, whereas that for EDTA and extractable forms were high to the Zn.
Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the U.S. Temperature-Mortality Relationship over the 20th Century

Adaptation is the only strategy that is guaranteed to be part of the world's climate strategy. Using the most comprehensive set of data files ever compiled on mortality and its determinants over the course of the 20th century, this paper makes two primary discoveries. First, we find that the mortality effect of an extremely hot day declined by about 80% between 1900-1959 and 1960-2004. As a consequence, days with temperatures exceeding 90°F were responsible for about 600 premature fatalities annually in the 1960-2004 period, compared to the approximately 3,600 premature fatalities that would have occurred if the temperature-mortality relationship from before 1960 still prevailed. Second, the adoption of residential air conditioning (AC) explains essentially the entire decline in the temperature-mortality relationship. In contrast, increased access to electricity and health care seem not to affect mortality on extremely hot days. Residential AC appears to be both the most promising technology to help poor countries mitigate the temperature related mortality impacts of climate change and, because fossil fuels are the least expensive source of energy, a technology whose proliferation will speed up the rate of climate change.
Terahertz Wave Emission from Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

We have studied the conditions for the THz radiation in many systems with different shapes and dimensions such as rectangles, squares, cylinders and (equilateral and isosceles including right-angled isosceles) triangles and rectangles with non-uniform width (asymmetric rectangles) fabricated from single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, which are known as a typical intrinsic Josephson junction system. As a result two conditions have been deduced to be fulfilled: one is the ac-Josephson effect always working at each intrinsic Josephson junction. Another one is the standing wave formation of the THz waves excited inside the mesa due to the cavity resonance for the radiation. The former condition is always necessary for the radiation but the latter may have only the secondary role for the radiation because the Q-value of the resonance cavity in some cases seems to be quite low and of order of unity. Therefore, the radiation frequency can be controlled by the voltage effectively and widely varied by the ac-Josephson effect only. In addition, we show a new phenomenon observed at high current region and a comprehensive physical picture for the extraordinary THz radiation phenomenon is given.
Composición y diversidad de la regeneración natural en comunidades de Pinus- Quercus sometidas a una alta recurrencia de incendios en el noreste de México

Se estudio la regeneracion natural a medio plazo de especies lenosas en un bosque mixto de Pinus-Quercus sometido a alta recurrencia de incendios (1972, 1984 y 1998) de mediana-alta intensidad en el noreste de Mexico. El objetivo fue determinar la capacidad de recuperacion de la vegetacion frente a incendios recurrentes, y si esta se puede ver modificada por una variable fisiografica como es la exposicion de la ladera (NE vs. NO). Los resultados mostraron que el 93% de las especies arboreas son rebrotadoras obligadas que ya estaban antes del fuego. Esta capacidad de rebrote permite la reconstitucion de la parte aerea de individuos ya existentes. El genero clave por su abundancia es Quercus , siendo Q. rysophylla la especie mas abundante despues del fuego. Si bien la especie Pinus pseudostrobus esta adaptada al fuego mediante una corteza gruesa y la longevidad de su banco de semillas, los incendios de mediana-alta intensidad de manera frecuente implican la perdida local de la especie. Las exposiciones evaluadas no presentan diferencias significativas en su densidad (N/ha) y dominancia (m 2 /ha) pero si en su diversidad y composicion, siendo la exposicion NO la mas diversa.
Underestimated and cryptic diversification patterns across Afro‐tropical lowland forests

Vertebrate diversity in the Guineo‐Congolian forests (GCF) of Africa is high, yet mechanisms responsible for generating that diversity remain remarkably understudied. These forests have alternatively been viewed as centres of diversification (“cradles”) or more recently, as the opposite (“museums”). Here, we use a comparative dataset of avian and mammalian species to examine genetic diversification patterns across these forests and use these results to explain observed patterns in light of Plio‐Pleistocene climatic change and life‐history.
Rice annexin OsANN4 interacting with OsCDPK24, reduces root aerenchyma formation by modulating H2O2 under ABA treatment

Plant annexins are calcium- and lipid-binding proteins that have multiple functions, and a significant amount of research on plant annexins has been reported in recent years. However, the functions of annexins in diverse biological processes in rice are largely unclear. Herein, we report that OsANN4, a calcium-binding rice annexin protein, is a substrate for OsCDPK24, and the OsANN4 phosphorylation site is the 13th serine, which is a key site for phosphorylation. Most strikingly, abscisic acid (ABA) promotes the interaction between OsANN4 and OsCDPK24. Moreover, knocking down OsANN4 by RNA interference resulted in visible and invisible phenotypes with exogenous ABA treatment, such as shorter shoots of seedlings, less lateral roots, earlier root aerenchyma formation and so on. The further analyzed results showed that decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity of the RNAi lines, which control H2O2 accumulation for redox homeostasis, and further promoted earlier aerenchyma formation of the root. These results suggest that a proposed molecular mechanism exists between OsANN4 and H2O2 production to response ABA. Highlight OsANN4 enhances SOD and CAT activities to scavenge H2O2 to alleviate the formation of aerenchyma under ABA treatment. OsCDPK24 interacts with and phosphorylates OsANN4, this interaction strengthened under ABA treatment.
Combinations of low-level and high-level neural processes account for distinct patterns of context-dependent choice

Context effects have been explained by either low-level neural adjustments or high-level cognitive processes but not their combination. It is currently unclear how these processes interact to shape individuals’ responses to context. Here, we used a large cohort of human subjects in experiments involving choice between two or three gambles in order to study the dependence of context effects on neural adaptation and individuals’ risk attitudes. Our experiments did not provide any evidence that neural adaptation on long timescales (∼100 trials) contributes to context effects. Using post-hoc analyses we identified two groups of subjects with distinct patterns of responses to decoys, both of which depended on individuals’ risk aversion. Subjects in the first group exhibited strong, consistent decoy effects and became more risk averse due to decoy presentation. In contrast, subjects in the second group did not show consistent decoy effects and became more risk seeking. The degree of change in risk aversion due to decoy presentation was positively correlated with the original degrees of risk aversion. To explain these results and reveal underlying neural mechanisms, we developed new models incorporating both low- and high-level processes and used these models to fit individuals’ choice behavior. We found that observed distinct patterns of decoy effects can be explained by a combination of adjustments in neural representations and competitive weighting of reward attributes, both of which depend on risk aversion but in opposite directions. Altogether, our results demonstrate how a combination of low- and high-level processes shapes choice behavior in more naturalistic settings, modulates overall risk preference, and explains distinct behavioral phenotypes.
The Why, What, and How of Theories in IS Research

Theory’s pivotal importance has been continuously emphasized in the information systems (IS) discipline ever since its inception. The ability to understand and contribute to theory is an important qualification in the practice of research. Recently we see some of our reference disciplines turn towards reviving their examination of the concept and how it can help producing high quality scholarly contributions. In light of this trend, we suggest that also the IS discipline should intensify its discussion of theory and theorizing. We thus intend to synthesize and reflect upon the debate on theories and theorizing in the IS field. As such, our key contribution is to inform (new) authors about opportunities in theorizing and help them put the concept of theory to work for them. Through this, we hope to advance and support the discipline’s current strive towards more theoretical thinking and the increasing demand for theoretical contributions.
Socio-economic impacts of the 2010 FIFA World Cup

Event tourism is noted to be one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. Mega events such as the FIFA World Cup are sought after by countries for numerous reasons in particular to boost their image as tourism destinations, to promote investment and to gain benefit from their associated positive socio-economic impacts. Literature on the impacts of mega events on tourism is available but limited in number in terms of the impacts of mega events on local residents. This study analyses the post event socio-economic impacts of the FIFA 2010 World Cup according to the perceptions of local residents in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The study was undertaken in April 2011 in nine areas in Tshwane city involving 1135 respondents. Fixed choice self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics: frequencies, percentages, means, medians, and standard deviations. Findings indicate that although most residents did not attend World Cup matches, they generally found the socio-economic impacts of the tournament positive almost a year after the event. This study presents a perspective into mega events in terms of the host community and thus provides an insight into the legacy of such events. This study provides a foundation of indicators for other mega event organisers and governments to promote the sustainability of future large events. Keywords : Mega events, economic impacts, social impacts, World Cup, local community.