Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is G84.0+0.8 a high mass star formation site near the edge of the Pelican nebula?

We present visible and near-infrared observations of the G84.0+0.8 HII region, a bright compact knot projected within the boundaries of the W80 complex dominated by the North America and Pelican nebulae. The spectrum of the nebula indicates a temperature of the ionizing stellar spectrum $T_* \simeq 40\,000{-}45\,000$ K (corresponding to a O7–O5 star) and a density of the HII region $n \simeq 460$ cm -3 , with a foreground extinction of $A_{\rm V} \simeq 5.9$ mag. A comparison of narrow-band near-infrared images through the Br γ and the H 2 $S(1)~v=1 \rightarrow 0$ filters shows that G84.0+0.8 consists of a fan-shaped cavity in a molecular cloud at least partly bounded by a photodissociation region, filled with Br γ -emitting ionized gas, and with a compact cluster at the tip of the fan. The brightest star at the position of the cluster is found to be a late G-type interloper. While membership of G84.0+0.8 in the local arm is well established from existing radial velocity measurements of the ionized gas, we find that the ionizing flux estimated from the size and density of the nebula on the one hand, and the radio continuum properties of the nebula on the other hand, are well below the expected ionizing flux of a mid, or even late, O-type star. We consider the possibility that G84.0+0.8 might be externally ionized by a nearby mid-O star. Currently available observations do not definitely confirm or reject the membership of G84.0+0.8 in the W80 complex, although a larger distance seems favored by the available data. Nevertheless, we can firmly rule out the possibility that it represents a massive star forming site in that complex, as its appearance as a compact HII region containing an embedded cluster may lead one to think.
On the Shape of the Likelihood/Posterior in Cointegration Models

A vector autoregressive (VAR) model is specified with equation system parameters, which directly reflect the possible cointegrating nature of the analyzed time series. By using a flat/diffuse prior, we show that the marginal posteriors of the parameters of interest (multipliers of the cointegrating vectors) may be nonintegrable and favor difference stationary models in an undesired way. To choose between stationary, cointegrated, and difference stationary models in a meaningful way, the Jeffreys prior principle is used. We investigate the sensitivity of the posterior results with respect to the construction of the Jeffreys prior. In this context, we also analyze the effect of fixed and stochastic initial values. The theoretical results are illustrated by using a VAR model for shortand long–term interest rates in the United States.
Effect of sun dried whole bulb garlic powder on nutrient utilization, blood parameters, duodenum morphology and faecal microbial load in broiler chickens

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of sun dried whole bulb garlic powder (GP) as phytogenic alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Day-old broiler chicks (210) were distributed to five treatments with three replicates. Dietary treatments comprised of basal diet as control (C), antibiotic group receiving 0.1g/kg oxytetracycline (AB), 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% of garlic powder (GP) added to basal diet as GPL (low), GPM (medium) and GPH (high). A metabolism trail was conducted at the end of fifth week to study nutrient utilization pattern. Blood sample of one bird/replicate on 35th day was collected from jugular vein. Small representative pieces of duodenum were collected from each sacrificed bird to study structural changes in the duodenum morphology. Fresh faecal material was collected and same was used to study viable bacterial cell counting. Results revealed that inclusion of GP did not significantly effected the dry matter metabolizability, ether extract digestibility, per cent nitrogen and phosphorus retention. Higher level of garlic supplementation significantly lowered the serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol level. Largest villus height in duodenum and improved villus height/crypt depth ratio were observed in 1.5% GP supplemented group. Total bacterial count in 1.5 and 2.0% GP supplemented groups and E. coli count in all the garlic supplemented treatments were statistically comparable with antibiotic fed group. It can be concluded that 1.5% sun dried GP can be used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers as well as for producing designer chicken for the consumers.
Blur‐generated non‐separable space–time models

Statistical space–time modelling has traditionally been concerned with separable covariance functions, meaning that the covariance function is a product of a purely temporal function and a purely spatial function. We draw attention to a physical dispersion model which could model phenomena such as the spread of an air pollutant. We show that this model has a non‐separable covariance function. The model is well suited to a wide range of realistic problems which will be poorly fitted by separable models. The model operates successively in time: the spatial field at time t +1 is obtained by ‘blurring’ the field at time t and adding a spatial random field. The model is first introduced at discrete time steps, and the limit is taken as the length of the time steps goes to 0. This gives a consistent continuous model with parameters that are interpretable in continuous space and independent of sampling intervals. Under certain conditions the blurring must be a Gaussian smoothing kernel. We also show that the model is generated by a stochastic differential equation which has been studied by several researchers previously.
Adoption of Digital Vaccination Services: It Is the Click Flow, Not the Value—An Empirical Analysis of the Vaccination Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

This research paper examines the adoption of digital services for the vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Based on a survey in Germany’s federal state with the highest vaccination rate, which used digital vaccination services, its platform configuration and adoption barriers are analyzed to understand existing and future levers for optimizing vaccination success. Though technological adoption and resistance models have been originally developed for consumer-goods markets, this study gives empirical evidence especially for the applicability of an adjusted model explaining platform adoption for vaccination services and for digital health services in general. In this model, the configuration areas of personalization, communication, and data management have a remarkable effect to lower adoption barriers, but only functional and psychological factors affect the adoption intention. Above all, the usability barrier stands out with the strongest effect, while the often-cited value barrier is not significant at all. Personalization is found to be the most important factor for managing the usability barrier and thus for addressing the needs, preferences, situation, and, ultimately, the adoption of the citizens as users. Implications are given for policy makers and managers in such a pandemic crisis to focus on the click flow and server-to-human interaction rather than emphasizing value messages or touching traditional factors.
A laboratory study of baroclinic chaos on the f-plane

Laboratory experiments on the transition to chaos in a two-layer rotating fluid are described. The topography of the upper and lower bounding surfaces, and the rotation rate of the apparatus, are chosen so that the f-plane case of uniform basic potential vorticity in each layer is reproduced. Experiments are carried out in the near-critical single-wave region of parameter space where previous theory suggests a snap-through bifurcation from steady baroclinic waves to chaos. Instead, as the friction parameter is decreased past the curve of neutral stability of the axisymmetric basic state, we find several bifurcations before chaos is observed. The transition scenario includes successive limit cycles of doubled periods between the steady-wave and chaotic regions of parameter space. There is also evidence of ageostrophic behavior, even when the system Rossby number is less than 0.1. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1985. tb00428.x
The effect of wood species on chainsaw vibrations during bucking operations

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the role of wood species on the levels and characteristics of vibrations transmitted to a chainsaw operator. Three different wood species were chosen from the forests located in the Northern part of Iran, and a “no-cutting” regime was also used as a control treatment to test the sole influence of cutting on the induced vibrations. After collecting the vibration data, the frequency-unweighted and frequency-weighted accelerations of different tests were calculated and compared to find the influential factors in determining the vibration characteristics. The effect of wood species on the vibration acceleration was found to be significant, while no significant influence of this factor on the vibration total value was detected. Instead, the cutting process amplified the vibration total value due to an increase in the vibration acceleration at lower frequencies. The results of this study showed the influence of the cutting process on the levels and characteristics of the vibrations induced by a chainsaw.
Yield gaps and constraints in the production of rabi sorghum in Karnataka – A path coefficient analysis

This paper is an attempt to estimate the magnitudes of yield gaps, causative factors and constrains for attaining greater farm potential in rabi sorghum production in Karnataka. Primary data were collected from 80 sample farms using the multistage random sampling technique. Data collected during 1996–97 were analysed using the IRRI methodology on yield gaps, path coefficient and tabular analyses. Results of the study revealed a magnitude of a total yield gap of 1454.20 kg/ha, which comprised of relatively higher yield gap-I (1013.47 kg/ha) than yield gap-II (441.06 kg/ha). Farmers realised 58.83 per cent of potential yield and 69.78 per cent of potential farm yield. Path coefficient analysis showed that sub optimal use of plant nutrients, human labour and bullock labour on farmers' field vis-a-vis demonstration plots were the major factors conditioning yield gap. Sub-standard and costly chemical fertilizer and plant nutrients, labor shortage, non-availability of desired variety seed, unfavorable climatic conditions and incidence of pest and diseases limited sorghum productivity on farmers' fields.
A trapping capacity constraint model for sediment transport in vegetative filter strips (VFS) on sloping surfaces

Most current modelling practices for sediment trapping in vegetative filter strips (VFS) assumed a constant sediment trapping efficiency of VFS, while, in practice, it was found to decrease greatly with the increasing trapped sediment amount in VFS (decreasing sediment trapping capacity of VFS). To account for this impact, a widely used VFS sediment transport module was modified to consider the changing sediment trapping capacity of VFS, which was expressed by a power‐law relationship with the inflow discharge, sediment concentration, slope gradient, and antecedent deposition amount. An integrated model that coupled a slope infiltration‐runoff module and the modified sediment transport module was then developed to simulate hydrology and suspended sediment transport in VFS on sloping surface. The model is calibrated and validated by 18 VFS experiments with different inflow, sediment, and slope conditions from Luo et al. (Science of the Total Environment, 725, 138361, 2020). Good agreements between observed and simulated runoff and sediment transport processes were found for nearly all cases. Due to the impact of changing sediment trapping capacity of VFS, the trapped sediment amount and the sediment transport rate of outflow varies greatly in space and time. With the increase of inflow discharge, sediment concentration, and slope gradient, the overall sediment trapping efficiency of VFS tends to decrease greatly and then remains almost unchanged. The comparison between proposed model and original physically based model shows that neglecting the impacts of changing sediment trapping capacity of VFS would lead to a constant and overly large sediment trapping efficiency of VFS, especially on steep slopes. Moreover, comparing with the empirical expression, the model with well‐founded theory can provide higher fidelity and more detailed results. Thus, the modelling framework is expected to provide a more effective approach for VFS assessment and maintenance in local or watershed scale.
Electromagnetic energy inside an irradiated cylinder

The electromagnetic energy stored inside a cylinder, which is irradiated by an electromagnetic plane wave, is calculated analytically. In view of their differing energy density functions, dispersive and nondispersive cylinders are treated separately. Numerical results show that the stored energy exhibits resonant enhancement near the extinction resonances of the cylinder. An application to the calculation of the transport velocity in a two-dimensional disordered medium is presented.
Toward Grapevine Digital Ampelometry Through Vision Deep Learning Models

Several thousand grapevine varieties exist, with even more naming identifiers. Adequate specialized labor is not available for proper classification or identification of grapevines, making the value of commercial vines uncertain. Traditional methods, such as genetic analysis or ampelometry, are time-consuming, expensive, and often require expert skills that are even rarer. New vision-based systems benefit from advanced and innovative technology and can be used by nonexperts in ampelometry. To this end, ac dl and ac ml approaches have been successfully applied for classification purposes. This work extends the state of the art by applying digital ampelometry techniques to larger grapevine varieties. We benchmarked MobileNet v2, ResNet-34, and VGG-11-BN DL classifiers to assess their ability for digital ampelography. In our experiment, all the models could identify the vines’ varieties through the leaf with a weighted $F1$ score higher than 92%.
Modeling the Performance Impact of Cubic Macro Cells Used in Additively Manufactured Luneburg Lenses

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to determine the sensitivity of feed placement on a Luneburg lens (LL) having large scale cubic discretization of its permittivity distribution. This is of practical importance for lenses fabricated using additive manufacturing, allowing accurate prediction of performance, and potentially reducing overall print time. It is shown that the far-field relative side lobe level (RSLL) is most sensitive to this form of discretization, and the impact to multi-feed and single-feed applications is considered. It is shown that for single-feed applications, large cubic macro cells are beneficial and provide a RSLL above that achieved with the continuous and non-uniform shelled counterparts.
Achieving Cooperative Mobile-Edge Computing Using Helper Scheduling

This paper investigates computing task offloading from an Internet-of-Thing (IoT) device with limited transmit power to a mobile-edge computing (MEC) server located beyond the communication range of the IoT device. We propose an opportunistic cooperative offloading (OCO) strategy that recruits the IoT device’s nearby spatially random idle-state users as helpers and opportunistically schedules one of them to partially execute the latency-critical task, and forwards the rest portion of the task to the MEC server. For the OCO strategy, we investigate the helper scheduling under three cases of system information availability, i.e., the global, partial, and distance information cases, and develop an offloading-outage optimal scheduling scheme for each case. For each scheduling scheme, an approximate expression is derived for the offloading-outage probability, with which the achieved diversity order is also theoretically evaluated. Simulation results verify our performance analysis for the OCO strategy using helper scheduling and show its achieved offloading-outage/energy consumption reduction over multi-helper cooperative offloading that fully uses all helpers for cooperation. In addition, the advantages of the proposed helper scheduling schemes over existing scheduling schemes are also demonstrated by simulations.
Fast magnetic fluctuation diagnostics for Alfvén eigenmode and magnetohydrodynamics studies at the Joint European Torus

Alfven eigenmodes and other magnetohydrodynamic phenomena have been studied in tokamak plasmas at the Joint European Torus (JET) using a new eight-channel, 4 s, 1 MHz, 12-bit data acquisition system (KC1F) in conjunction with the JET fast Mirnov magnetic fluctuation pickup coils. To this end, the JET magnetic pickup coils were calibrated in the range 30–460 kHz using a new remote calibration technique which accounts for the presence of the first few LRC circuit resonances. Signal processing software has been developed to implement the calibration via digital filtering. A data analysis program has been written which produces spectrograms of fluctuation amplitude and toroidal mode number versus frequency and time, both interactively and for automatic overnight analyses. Modes with amplitudes δB/B⩾10−8 and toroidal mode numbers |n|<32 are now routinely detected. Since KC1F data are now available for over 4000 JET discharges, a pulse-characterization database has been developed to help select pulses of intere.
Advancing treatment of retinal disease through in silico trials

Treating retinal diseases to prevent sight loss is an increasingly important challenge. Thanks to the configuration of the eye, the retina can be examined relatively easily in situ. Owing to recent technological development in scanning devices, much progress has been made in understanding the structure of the retina and characterising retinal biomarkers. However, treatment options remain limited and are often of low efficiency and efficacy. In recent years, the concept of in silico clinical trials (ISCTs) has been adopted by many pharmaceutical companies to optimise and accelerate the development of therapeutics. ISCTs rely on the use of mathematical models based on the physical and biochemical mechanisms underpinning a biological system. With appropriate simplifications and assumptions, one can generate computer simulations of various treatment regimens, new therapeutic molecules, delivery strategies and so forth, rapidly and at a fraction of the cost required for the equivalent experiments. Such simulations have the potential not only to hasten the development of therapies and strategies but also to optimise the use of existing therapeutics. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in in silico models of the retina for mathematicians, biomedical scientists and clinicians, highlighting the challenges to developing ISCTs. Throughout this paper, we highlight key findings from in silico models about the physiology of the retina in health and disease. We describe the main building blocks of ISCTs and identify challenges to developing ISCTs of retinal diseases.
Retrieval of optical and microphysical cloud properties from Meteosat SEVIRI data at night – a feasibility study based on radiative transfer calculations

The potential of Meteosat Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) infrared (IR) bands for the retrieval of cloud optical thickness (COT) and droplet effective radius (DER) is investigated. Two radiative transfer models (RTMs) are considered: Streamer and libRadtran. The attempt is made to identify ideal channel combinations for COT and DER retrievals at night. The sensitivities of SEVIRI IR channels to COT and DER are studied. It is shown that libRadtran represents the SEVIRI IR bands more accurately than Streamer; accordingly, the most sensitive channels for DER and COT were retrieved in dependence to the surface temperature for libRadtran.
Flux schemes based finite volume method for internal transonic flow with condensation

This paper describes the development of numerical method for the solution of condensing steam flow in internal aerodynamics problems. The numerical method is based on the fractional step method, where the resulting set of ODEs is solved by the two‐stage Runge–Kutta method and the homogeneous set of PDEs by a finite volume method. The flow does not contain both phases (gas and liquid) in the whole domain, therefore we discuss properties of used finite volume methods in several cases of single‐phase transonic flow in a channel and a turbine cascade. We present numerical results of two‐phase flow of condensing steam in 2D nozzle achieved by several numerical methods and show the differences in results caused by numerical diffusion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sequence-pair representation and MIP-model-based heuristic for the facility layout problem with rectangular departments

In Facility Layout Problem (FLP) research, the continuous-representation-based FLP can consider all feasible all-rectangular-department solutions. Given this flexibility, this representation has become the representation of choice in FLP research. Much of this research is based on a methodology of Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) models. However, these MIP-FLP models can only solve problems with a limited number of departments to optimality due to the large number of combinations of the binary variables used in the models to maintain feasibility with respect to departments overlapping. Our research centers around the sequence-pair representation, a concept that originated in the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design literature. We show that an exhaustive search of the sequence-pair solution space will result in finding the optimal layout of the MIP-FLP and that every sequence-pair solution is position consistent (although possibly not layout feasible) in the MIP-FLP. We propose a genetic-algorithm-based heuristic that combines the sequence-pair representation with the MIP-FLP model. Numerical experiments based on different sized test problems from both the literature and industrial applications are provided and the solutions are compared with both the optimal solutions and the solutions from other heuristics to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our heuristic. For 11 data sets from the literature we provide solutions better than those previously found. For two large industrial application data sets we perform a sensitivity analysis with respect to the department aspect ratio constraint.