Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LATE-TIME SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE STRONGLY INTERACTING TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PTF11kx

PTF11kx was a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) that showed time-variable absorption features, including saturated Ca ii H and K lines that weakened and eventually went into emission. The strength of the emission component of Hα gradually increased, implying that the SN was undergoing significant interaction with its circumstellar medium (CSM). These features, and many others, were blueshifted slightly and showed a P-Cygni profile, likely indicating that the CSM was directly related to, and probably previously ejected by, the progenitor system itself. These and other observations led Dilday et al. to conclude that PTF11kx came from a symbiotic nova progenitor like RS Oph. In this work we extend the spectral coverage of PTF11kx to 124–680 rest-frame days past maximum brightness. The late-time spectra of PTF11kx are dominated by Hα emission (with widths of full width at half-maximum intensity ≈2000 km s−1), strong Ca ii emission features (∼10,000 km s−1 wide), and a blue “quasi-continuum” due to many overlapping narrow lines of Fe ii. Emission from oxygen, He i, and Balmer lines higher than Hα is weak or completely absent at all epochs, leading to large observed Hα/Hβ intensity ratios. The Hα emission appears to increase in strength with time for ∼1 yr, but it subsequently decreases significantly along with the Ca ii emission. Our latest spectrum also indicates the possibility of newly formed dust in the system as evidenced by a slight decrease in the red wing of Hα. During the same epochs, multiple narrow emission features from the CSM temporally vary in strength. The weakening of the Hα and Ca ii emission at late times is possible evidence that the SN ejecta have overtaken the majority of the CSM and agrees with models of other strongly interacting SNe Ia. The varying narrow emission features, on the other hand, may indicate that the CSM is clumpy or consists of multiple thin shells.
The Relationship between Mobile Phone Dependence and Mental Health among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Academic Burnout and the Moderating Role of Coping Styles

To investigate the relationships between adolescent mental health and mobile phone dependence (MPD), academic burnout, and coping styles as well as the underlying mechanisms, this study surveyed 1191 adolescents, using the mobile phone dependence indicator scale, adolescent academic burnout questionnaire, simplified coping style questionnaire, and SCI-90 self-report mental symptom inventory. The analysis results by structural equation modeling techniques are that: (i) MPD is a significant negative predictor of adolescent mental health; (ii) Academic burnout partially mediates the relationship between MPD and adolescent mental health; (iii) Negative coping styles moderate the second half of the mediating path; the mediating effect was more significant among adolescents with higher levels of negative coping than those with lower levels of negative coping. The findings of this study offer implications for the protection and promotion of adolescent mental health in the mobile internet era.
Belonging in an aquapelago: Island mobilities and emotions

This paper concerns belonging in islands. Place-belonging conjures images of feeling at home somewhere, in our case islands. Given the emotionality of belonging, we explore island belonging through emotions. More specifically, we apply the concept of the aquapelago to island belonging and refer to this as aquapelagic belonging. Bringing in emotions, embodied perceptions and mobility, we discuss how these are assembled in island-sea relations to form aquapelagic belonging. In doing so, we draw on qualitative data from fieldwork undertaken in locations where proximity to the sea and access to seaborne mobility is paramount. Our findings demonstrate how certain emotional dispositions and mobility practices emerge in processes of aquapelagic belonging, indicating that mobility is intricately entangled with island belonging. We propose that the interconnected nature of land and sea spaces co-produce emotions of belonging in island spaces. We therefore argue that the concept of aquapelagic belonging lends useful insight to understand what is particular about island belonging. Furthermore, we suggest that attention to mobility, which in this context means navigating land/sea environments, is key to understanding aquapelagic belonging. We conclude that to grasp island belonging, the notion of the aquapelago is relevant and assists in understanding the totality of island relations.
Diffusion prediction of prefabricated construction technology under multi-factor coupling

ABSTRACT Prefabricated construction (PC) is regarded as an effective way to reduce carbon emissions in the construction sector and attracts increasing attention from academia and industry. However, the development trend of PC technology diffusion remains unclear, which is not conducive to improving the PC’s promotion. To address this issue, this study predicts the diffusion trend of PC technology considering multi-factor interaction and reveals its underlying mechanism. The significance of influencing factors of PC technology diffusion is explored through the empirical research method based on partial least squares-structural equation modelling. The diffusion trend of PC technology is then predicted using the system dynamics considering the interaction of those key factors. The results indicate that both perceived superiority and knowledge sharing have positive influences on PC technology diffusion, and they mediate the path from organizational climate to PC technology diffusion. Network embeddedness influences PC technology diffusion through knowledge sharing. Under the above-factors interaction, PC technology diffuses continuously until stability in the next 48 months, with a diffusion speed trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The diffusion prediction of PC technology under multi-factor coupling in this study fills up the gap in existing research. The conclusions are suggestive for promoting PC technology effectively.
INTEGRAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE γ-RAY BINARY 1FGL J1018.6-5856

The Fermi Large Area telescope (Fermi-LAT) collaboration has recently reported that one of their detected sources, namely, 1FGL J1018.6-5856, is a new gamma-ray binary similar to LS 5039. This has prompted efforts to study its multi-frequency behavior. In this report, we present the results from 5.78 Ms International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) IBIS/ISGRI observations on the source 1FGL J1018.6-5856. By combining all the available INTEGRAL data, a detection is made at a significance level of 5. 4σ in the 18–40 keV band, with an average intensity of 0.074 counts s−1. However, we find that there is non-statistical noise in the image that effectively reduces the significance to about 4σ and a significant part of the signal appears to be located in a 0.2-wide phase region, at phases 0.4–0.6 (where even the corrected significance amounts to 90% of the total signal found). Given the scarcity of counts, a variability is hinted at about 3σ at the hard X-rays, with an anticorrelation with the Fermi-LAT periodicity. If this behavior were true, it would be similar to that found in LS 5039 and prompt observations with TeV telescopes at phases anticorrelated with the GeV maximum.
The size evolution of elliptical galaxies

Recent work has suggested that the amplitude of the size–mass relation of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) evolves with redshift. Here we use a semi-analytical galaxy formation model to study the size evolution of massive ETGs. We find this model is able to reproduce the amplitude and slope of the relation between size and stellar mass for these galaxies, as well as its evolution. The amplitude of this relation reflects the typical compactness of dark haloes at the time when most of the stars are formed. This link between size and star formation epoch is propagated in galaxy mergers. Mergers of high or moderate mass ratio (less than 1:3) become increasingly important with increasing present day stellar mass for galaxies more massive than 1011.4 M⊙. At lower masses, low mass ratio mergers play a more important role. In situ star formation contributes more to the size growth than it does to stellar mass growth. We also find that, for ETGs identified at z = 2, minor mergers dominate subsequent growth both for stellar mass and in size, consistent with earlier theoretical results.
The development of particle image velocimetry for water wave studies.

A wave measuring facility based on particle image velocimetry is described. The most important aspects of recording the flow field and the subsequent evaluation of the records is considered from a theoretical and practical point of view. The main sources of error are discussed and the performance of the system evaluated in terms of reliability and accuracy. Measurements of the internal kinematics of an extreme plunging breaker are made and the results shown to compare well with velocities predicted from a numerical model of a similar wave. The flexibility of the technique is illustrated with two further applications to vortex shedding behind a cylinder towed through a tank of stationary water and acoustic streaming within a cylindrical glass tube.
VALIDATING A TIME-DEPENDENT TURBULENCE-DRIVEN MODEL OF THE SOLAR WIND

Although the mechanisms responsible for heating the Sun's corona and accelerating the solar wind are still being actively investigated, it is largely accepted that photospheric motions provide the energy source and that the magnetic field must play a key role in the process. Verdini et al. presented a model for heating and accelerating the solar wind based on the turbulent dissipation of Alfvén waves. We first use a time-dependent model of the solar wind to reproduce one of Verdini et al.'s solutions; then, we extend its application to the case where the energy equation includes thermal conduction and radiation losses, and the upper chromosphere is part of the computational domain. Using this model, we explore the parameter space and describe the characteristics of a fast solar wind solution. We discuss how this formulation may be applied to a three-dimensional MHD model of the corona and solar wind.
Practice of menstrual hygiene among school going adolescent girls in the rural areas of district Muzaffarnagar

Background: Every year, May 28 is considered as the Global Menstrual Hygiene Day. Many studies have revealed that most of the adolescent girls had incomplete and inaccurate information about the menstrual physiology and hygiene. Hygiene related practices during menstruation are of considerable importance, as it has a health impact in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections (RTI) and other health problems. Aim & Objectives: To find out the menstrual hygiene practices and their association with socio-demographic characteristics of study participants. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 286 school going adolescents girls in the age group of 11-19 years in 5 schools (three government and two private) in the rural area of district Muzaffarnagar. Study was conducted in December, 2021 using a pre- designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analysed statistically and chi square test was applied. Results: Most of the girls achieved menarche at the age of 10-13 years (79.7%). Mothers of around 83.5% girls were illiterate and these girls were less aware about menstrual hygiene practices. Only 63% girls knew about menstruation before menarche. According to 75.5% girls, source of menstrual bleeding was vagina and only 65.7% girls knew about the physiology of menstruation. Conclusion: The study shows that there is significant lack of knowledge among girls regarding menstruation. Only 62% girls use sanitary pads as absorbent material due to various reasons like shyness, high cost, etc. Majority of girls had restrictions of not touching kitchen items and not to take bath during menses. There is a need to make the girls aware regarding menstrual hygiene by various health awareness programs in schools and the community.
Correlations Between Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Calcium Score, and Lipoprotein(a) Level in Korea

Background Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic valve calcification. This study aimed to determine the correlation between Lp(a) levels and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores in patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods This was a single-center observational study. The patients had not been previously diagnosed with CAD and underwent CCTA and Lp(a) measurement in a three-month timeframe. Coronary angiography and further management were performed according to the physician’s decision. Of the 252 patients, 81 and 171 patients underwent coronary revascularization and received medical treatment only, respectively. To examine the relationship between Lp(a) and CAC score and between Lp(a) and CAD, we divided the patients by Lp(a) level (50 mg/dL) and CAC score (400). Results No relationship was observed between Lp(a) and CAD or other risk factors for CAD. There were no differences in the ratio of patients who underwent coronary revascularization or in the CAC score according to an Lp(a) level of 50 mg/dL. There was no difference in Lp(a) level at a CAC score of 400. The proportion of patients who underwent coronary revascularization was high in the high CAC score group (50.6% vs 23.7%, p = 0.000). No association was observed between Lp(a) level and CAC score in the Spearman correlation (0.000, p < 0.998). Conclusion Correlations between Lp(a) level and CAC score and between Lp(a) and CAD were not observed in this Korean cohort study. However, a high CAC score was correlated with coronary revascularization.
The transition from population III to population II-I star formation

We present results from the first cosmological simulations which study the onset of primordial, metal-free (population III), cosmic star formation and the transition to the present-day, metalrich star formation (population II-I), including molecular (H2, HD, etc.) evolution, tracing the injection of metals by supernovae (SNe) into the surrounding intergalactic medium and following the change in the initial mass function (IMF) according to the metallicity of the corresponding stellar population. Our investigation addresses the role of a wide variety of parameters (critical metallicity for the transition, IMF slope and range, SN/pair-instability SN metal yields, star formation threshold, resolution, etc.) on the metal-enrichment history and the associated transition in the star formation mode. All simulations present common trends. Metal enrichment is very patchy, with rare, unpolluted regions surviving at all redshifts, inducing the simultaneous presence of metal-free and metal-rich star formation regimes. As a result of the rapid pollution within high-density regions due to the first SN/pair-instability SN, local metallicity is quickly boosted above the critical metallicity for the transition. For this reason, population III stars dominate only during the very first stages of structure formation, with an average contribution to the total star formation rate that reaches a constant value of ∼10 −3 at redshift ∼11–13. If primordial supenovae consisted only of type II ones, the contribution would be ∼10 −1 . Interestingly, the above conclusions are independent from many poorly constrained
Prospecting transit duration variations in extrasolar planetary systems

Context. Transiting planetary systems allow us to extract geometrical information, e.g., the anglebetween the orbital angular momentum and the stellar spin, that can be used to discriminate among different formation and evolutionary scenarios. This angle is constrained by means of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect observed on radial velocity and can be subject to large uncertainties, especially for hot stars (Teff > 6250 K). It is thus interesting to have an alternative method to constrain the value of the obliquityand to detect companions that might have disturbed the orbit of the planet. Aims. We show how the long-term variations in the transit duration (TDV) can be used to constrain the obliquity of the stellar rotation axis. Our calculations may also be used to put an upper limit on the contribution of geometrical effects to the TDVs, thus allowing us to indirectly infer the presence of additional companions. Methods. We introduce a simple theory to describe the secular variations in the orbital elements and their effects on the TDVs with a general formulation valid for both oblique and eccentric systems. Parameters or orbital elements that cannot be directly measured, such as the longitude of the ascending node of the orbit, are avoided thus allowing us to perform a straightforward application. Results. We compute the expected TDVs for the presently known transiting systems, adopting their parameters found in the literature. Considering the capabilities of the present or next generation space-borne telescopes, we point out the systems that could be readily observed and discuss the constraints derivable on their fundamental parameters. Conclusions. Measured TDVs can be used to constrain the obliquity of the stars (and possibly of the planets in systems younger than 10-100 Myr), giving information about the formation scenarios, the strength of the tidal coupling, and the internal structure of both the stars and the planets. Moreover, they can provide an indirect indication of other bodies, even with a mass comparable with that of the Earth, because they give rise to additional contributions to the nodal precession.
Asteroseismology of solar‐type stars with Kepler I: Data analysis

We report on the first asteroseismic analysis of solar-type stars observed by Kepler. Observations of three G-type stars, made at one-minute cadence during the first 33.5 days of science operations, reveal high signal-to-noise solar-like oscillation spectra in all three stars: About 20 modes of oscillation can clearly be distinguished in each star. We discuss the appearance of the oscillation spectra, including the presence of a possible signature of faculae, and the presence of mixed modes in one of the three stars.
SODIUM AND OXYGEN ABUNDANCES IN THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6791 FROM APOGEE H-BAND SPECTROSCOPY

The open cluster NGC 6791 is among the oldest, most massive, and metal-rich open clusters in the Galaxy. High-resolution H-band spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) of 11 red giants in NGC 6791 are analyzed for their chemical abundances of iron, oxygen, and sodium. The abundances of these three elements are found to be homogeneous (with abundance dispersions at the level of ∼0.05–0.07 dex) in these cluster red giants, which span much of the red-giant branch (Teff ∼ 3500–4600 K), and include two red clump giants. From the infrared spectra, this cluster is confirmed to be among the most metal-rich clusters in the Galaxy (〈[Fe/H]〉 = 0.34 ± 0.06) and is found to have a roughly solar value of [O/Fe] and slightly enhanced [Na/Fe]. Our non-LTE calculations for the studied Na i lines in the APOGEE spectral region (16373.86 Å and 16388.85 Å) indicate only small departures from LTE (⩽0.04 dex) for the parameter range and metallicity of the studied stars. The previously reported double population of cluster members with different Na abundances is not found among the studied sample.
The Grainy multiverse

I consider a landscape containing three vacua and study the topology of global spacelike slices in eternal inflation. A discrete toy model, which generalizes the well studied Mandelbrot model, reveals a rich phase structure. Novel phases include monochromatic tubular phases, which contain crossing curves of only one vacuum, and a democratic tubular phase, which contains crossing curves of all three types of vacua. I discuss the generalization to realistic landscapes consisting of many vacua. Generically, the system ends up in a grainy phase, which contains no crossing curves or surfaces and consists of packed regions of different vacua. Other topological phases arise on the scale of several generations of nucleations.
BOUNDARY BEHAVIOR OF THE CARATHÉODORY, KOBAYASHI, AND BERGMAN METRICS ON STRONGLY PSEUDOCONVEX DOMAINS IN C" WITH SMOOTH BOUNDARY

FB{zA) = {ds\z^)f in the notation of [4]. We consider the boundary behavior of these metrics for fixed £. The notable features are (i) the different limiting behavior in tangential and normal directions (cf. Stein [9]), and (ii) the appearance of the Levi form as the limiting value of a quantity defined inside the domain. THEOREM. Let G be a {bounded) strongly pseudoconvex domain in C with C boundary. Let z0 e dG. Let q> be a C 2 defining function for ÔG such that \Vzq>(z0)\ = 1. Let F(z9£) be either the Carathéodory or the Kobayashi metric on G. Then
DARK MATTER POWERED STARS: CONSTRAINTS FROM THE EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT

The existence of predominantly cold non-baryonic dark matter is unambiguously demonstrated by several observations (e.g., structure formation, big bang nucleosynthesis, gravitational lensing, and rotational curves of spiral galaxies). A candidate well motivated by particle physics is a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). Self-annihilating WIMPs would affect the stellar evolution especially in the early universe. Stars powered by self-annihilating WIMP dark matter should possess different properties compared with standard stars. While a direct detection of such dark matter powered stars seems very challenging, their cumulative emission might leave an imprint in the diffuse metagalactic radiation fields, in particular in the mid-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this work, the possible contributions of dark matter powered stars (dark stars, DSs) to the extragalactic background light (EBL) are calculated. It is shown that existing data and limits of the EBL intensity can already be used to rule out some DS parameter sets.
Invariants and discriminant ideals of orthogonal complements in a quadratic space

This paper studies two topics concerning on the orthogonal complement of one dimensional subspace with respect to a given quadratic form on a vector space over a number field. One is to determine the invariants for the isomorphism class of such a complement in the sense of Shimura. The other is to investigate an ideal of the base field, which may be viewed as a difference between the genus of maximal lattices and an integral lattice in the complement. We shall discuss about the class number of the genus of maximal lattices as an application.
Vortex statics and dynamics in anisotropic and/or magnetic superconductors.

Recently, the studies of the properties of Abrikosov vortices in strongly anisotropicand magnetic media have been stimulated by the discovery of the iron-based andferromagnetic superconductors. In this thesis an analysis of vortex statics anddynamics in such systems has been carried out. Firstly, the problem of vortex pinningon a small defect has been considered. Within the Ginzburg-Landau theory thepinning potential for a cavity in the form of an elliptical cylinder has been derived.Secondly, the flux-flow conductivity of an anisotropic superconductor has beenanalyzed in detail within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.A significant part of the thesis is devoted to the study of interplay between spinwaves (magnons) and vortices in ferromagnetic superconductors. We havedemonstrated that the magnon spectrum acquires a Bloch-like band structure in thepresence of an ideal vortex lattice. Using the phenomenological London and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations, we studied the ac and dc responses of vortices inferromagnetic superconductors. Finally, we investigated the vortex state insuperconductor-ferromagnet (FS) hybrid structures (e. g., FS superlattices) withstrong spatial dispersion of the magnetic susceptibility. In such systems thesuperconducting electrodynamics may be strongly nonlocal, which leads to theattraction of vortices and to a first order phase transition at the lower critical field.