Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coastal Zone Monitoring and Evaluation : A Descriptive Analysis of Western Australian Practices

Currently there is no information available which documents the monitoring and evaluation practices undertaken in the coastal zone of Western Aust1alia by coastal zone managers. A review of current Australian-wide management practices in coastal management reveals that monitoring and evaluation are limited in their application. The adequacy of the links between coastal monitoring and evaluation, on which our understanding of the state of the coastal zone environment is based, is one of two central themes throughout this research. The other theme is that without an accurate, reliable and effectively managed monitoring and research information base, coastal management will be haphazard leading to duplication and waste of time, funding, and personnel. A survey of Western Australian State and Local government coastal zone managers was undertaken to establish a profile of coastal monitoring and evaluation practices. The survey revealed that coastal zone mdllagement in Western Australia does not function as a cohesive unified process. This survey highlighted poor coastal zone awareness among coastal managers; funding and time as the main constraints to effective monitoring; inefficient management of monitoring and research information; and the lack a management framework which effectively integrates monitoring and evaluation activities as the major monitoring and evaluation initiatives that need to be developed if Integrated Coastal Zone Management is to provide for sustainable use of the coast. A number of coastal management frameworks are outlined which have the potential to address these issues. These lead to a model for combining integrated coastal zone management with a life cycle approach to program and policy evaluation. Current Western Australian efforts to overcome information management problems are compared and recommendations presented. Conclusions and recommendations are made based upon political realism and practical achievablity.
Machine Learning for the Prediction of Procedural Case Durations Developed Using a Large Multicenter Database: Algorithm Development and Validation Study

Background: Accurate projections of procedural case durations are complex but critical to the planning of perioperative staffing, operating room resources, and patient communication. Nonlinear prediction models using machine learning methods may provide opportunities for hospitals to improve upon current estimates of procedure duration. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether a machine learning algorithm scalable across multiple centers could make estimations of case duration within a tolerance limit because there are substantial resources required for operating room functioning that relate to case duration. Methods: Deep learning, gradient boosting, and ensemble machine learning models were generated using perioperative data available at 3 distinct time points: the time of scheduling, the time of patient arrival to the operating or procedure room (primary model)
Supplemental Material for Joint Token Pruning and Squeezing Towards More Aggressive Compression of Vision Transformers

We demonstrate the additional cases from ImageNet1K [1], which our TPS-DeiT and DeiT predict correctly but dynamicViT-DeiT predict wrongly. As Fig 2 shows, we found that the imperfect pruning policy brings the loss of background context and incomplete subject, which puzzles the model and leads to a close but incorrect prediction. However, our TPS conquers these cases by squeezing the information of pruned tokens into similar reserved tokens.
Relative Price Variability: The Case Of Turkey 1994-2002

Relative price variability leads to inefficiencies in the allocation of resources that reduce real income (Fischer, 1981). Given the costs associated with relative price variability, the relation between inflation and relative price variability was extensively researched and a positive relation between the two was documented for many countries and for varying time periods. Furthermore, one of the main sources of relative price variability being differential speeds of price adjustment in different sub-sectors, renders the investigation of relative price variability valuable also in terms of understanding the inflationary dynamics. In this paper, highly disaggregated data based on 103 classification of Turkish CPI for the period between January 1994 and December 2002 are utilised. The statistical findings based on Theil (1967) measure of relative price variability, are analyzed from different perspectives : seasonal pattern, time aggregation, different sub-groups, e.g. tradable/non-tradable prices, administered/non-administered prices etc. Resulting stylized facts about recent dynamics of inflation are presented. The relation between relative price variability and inflation is verified by carrying out model-free regressions. The results show that there is a positive contemporaneous association between relative price variability and inflation in Turkey. Besides, inflation is found to Granger-cause relative price variability. These conclusions are shown to be robust to the degree of commodity aggregation.
α-Synchronization of a Class of Unbounded Delayed Inertial Cohen–Grossberg Neural Networks with Delayed Impulses

As an essential dynamic behavior, the synchronization of inertial Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (ICGNNs) has received considerable attention due to its successful applications in neural cryptography, public channel cryptography, security communications, and image encryption. In this article, the α-synchronization of a class of non-autonomous unbounded delayed inertial Cohen–Gossberg neural networks with delayed impulses is investigated. Firstly, several non-autonomous impulsive differential inequalities are established, where unbounded delays, delayed impulses, and time-variable coefficients are incorporated. Subsequently, based on the proposed impulsive differential inequalities and Lyapunov function approach, the feedback controllers are designed, and some criteria for α-synchronization are provided. Finally, the validity of the presented theoretical findings is demonstrated by two specific examples. It is shown that delayed impulses can be viewed as perturbations or stabilizing sources for non-autonomous ICGNNs.
The problem of mountain biking as leisure and sporting activity in protected areas

Mountain biking has grown rapidly as a leisure activity over the last 10 years and is undertaken in a range of outdoor settings and protected areas. Participants can be related to a spectrum of activity that needs to be understood for effective management. At one end of the spectrum lies the family group who are seeking to enjoy exercise in an outdoor setting where cycling speeds are likely to be low to moderate. At the other end are those that seek physically demanding rides and technical challenge as part of the riding experience. Interlinked with this group is a casual user group who are adrenaline junkies and thrill seekers who disregard park regulations, codes of conduct and environmental values. Environmental impacts include loosened track surfaces, soil displacement and liner rut development. Long narrow channels tend to form on trails where tyres depress the soil in wet and damp conditions. The most significant environmental impacts, however, are the development of user created trails and the construction of technical trail features. Such impacts’re of major management concern when mountain bike activity takes the form of adventure racing and competitive events. All forms of mountain biking in protected areas need to be understood, monitored and proactively managed. Furthermore, because of the implications for managers and other more passive users competition racing should not be permitted in the vast majority of national parks and protected areas.
Comparison of 14CO2, CO, and SF6 as tracers for recently added fossil fuel CO2 in the atmosphere and implications for biological CO2 exchange

We use the nearly ideal tracer 14CO2 to estimate the fossil fuel CO2 enhancement in boundary layer air at two sites in New England and Colorado. Improved Δ14C measurement precision of 1.6–2.6‰ provides fossil fuel CO2 detection capability of 0.8–1.5 ppm. Using the indirect tracers CO and SF6, we obtain two additional independent estimates of the fossil fuel CO2 component, and we assess the biases in these methods with respect to the 14CO2‐based estimates. The SF6‐based estimates vary considerably from the 14CO2‐based estimates, and are at times implausibly large. The CO‐based estimates are less variable, but show seasonally coherent biases with respect to the 14CO2 method.
Numerical methods and macroscopic models of magnetically confined plasmas for propulsion

5 In this paper a hierarchy of macroscopic plasma models is derived 6 for the numerical study of plasma thrusters. This derivation outlines 7 the multi-scale nature of the problem and the diﬃculty for numerical 8 methods to address eﬃciently this challenge. A speciﬁc focus is made on 9 quasi-neutral models built on the anisotropic equations of the particles 10 transport. A numerical method is proposed for this class of problems of-11 fering an accuracy unrelated to the anisotropy strength without resorting 12 to the approximation of equipotential magnetic ﬁeld lines
Impact of direct radiative forcing of black carbon aerosols on tropical convective precipitation

The direct radiative forcing of black carbon (BC) aerosols is able to cause a significant change in tropical convective precipitation ranging from the Pacific and Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. This change occurs often well away from emission centers, demonstrating a “remote climate impact. ” The detailed mechanism of this change has been analyzed in this study. In the tropical Pacific region, the pattern of BC caused precipitation change is found to be similar to the pattern of precipitation anomaly corresponding to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activities. The BC forced changes in the atmospheric circulation are represented by a strengthened Hadley cell in the Northern Hemisphere, a weakened one in the Southern Hemisphere, an enhancement of the Indian summer monsoon circulation, and a reduction of the lower level easterly wind in the central and east equatorial Pacific. The latter dynamic effect of BC is specifically similar to that of an El Niño event.
The Idealized Nation-State, Globalization, Critical Geopolitics and the Case of Morocco

The Moroccan nation-state is a taken-for-granted geopolitical entity that is represented by the Moroccan government and the core of the world system in ways that are consonant with their visions of reality. The primary goal of this thesis is to uncover the ideology and politics behind these visions of reality. Theories of critical geopolitics have been used to deconstruct Morocco's occupation of Western Sahara, its language policy, its economic policy, and its immigration situation. I have shown that the Moroccan government's views of its own nation-state are influenced by Arabo-Islamist ideology and that the core's perceptions of Morocco are influenced by colonial philosophy, modernization theory, and neoliberal thought. In these cases, geographical information that presents itself as objective is instead highly ideological and politicized.
Absorption and modulus measurements in the seismic frequency and strain range on partially saturated sedimentary rocks

The absorptions 1/QE and 1/QS of partially water-saturated sedimentary rocks were determined from phase differences between stress and strain for longitudinal deformation frequencies between 0.03 and 300 Hz and torsional frequencies between 0.03 and 100 Hz. Both longitudinal and shear strain amplitudes were of the order of 10−6. For water saturation between 0 and 50%, Young's moduli and shear moduli were shown to decrease with increasing saturation. In this saturation range both 1/QE and 1/QS increased, but no distinguishable absorption maxima were observed. For saturation percentages greater than 50%, the moduli of the samples appeared independent of the water content. 1/QE increased until full saturation and showed a strong frequency dependence. 1/QS is much less affected by increasing water saturation and has no absorption maxima in general. Since the absorption and the moduli reduction show different saturation dependencies, two different mechanisms for these effects are proposed. The addition of water changes the interaction force between the molecules on opposite walls of thin cracks. This provides a mechanism for the modulus reduction. Calculations based on the Biot-Gardner theory (Gardner, 1962) indicate that part of the observed absorption may be caused by fluid flow due to the limited sample size as proposed by White (1986). Fluid-supported thermorelaxation is proposed, as a possible intrinsic absorption mechanism.
Social Support as a Buffer of Acculturative Stress: A Study of Marital Distress Among Undocumented, Mexican Immigrant Men

SOCIAL SUPPORT AS A BUFFER OF ACCULTURATIVE STRESS: A STUDY OF MARITAL DISTRESS AMONG UNDOCUMENTED, MEXICAN IMMIGRANT MEN by Douglas Costa de Andrade Ribeiro Immigration trends in the United States have changed drastically in the last 20 years. Starting in the 1990’s the majority of immigrants have originated from Latin American, with most emigrating from Mexico. Men, some of whom are undocumented, have driven this new wave of immigrants. These new Mexican immigrants have bypassed traditional receiving sites across the U.S. Mexican border and settled in non-traditional sites in the southern U.S. (Kiang, Grzywacz, Marin, Arcury, and Quandt, 2010). They face increased difficulties adjusting to life in the U.S. due to separation from family and spouses, lack of established social support networks in the U.S., and marginalization. Difficulties adapting to a new culture combined with lack of social support have been associated with significant mental health problems in this population (Hiott, Grzywacz, Arcury, & Quandt, 2006). This study explored the relationship between acculturative stress and marital satisfaction, as well as the protective (buffering) role of social support in a sample of 125 undocumented, married, Mexican American men. The following instruments were used in this study: (a) The Social, Attitudinal, Familial, and Environmental Scale (Mena, Padilla, & Maldonado, 1987), (b) the Social Support Questionnaire (Acuna & Bruner, 1999; Sarason, Levine, Bashan, & Sarason, 1983), and (c) the Global Distress Scale of the Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised (Negy & Snyder, 1997). Results indicated that high levels of acculturative stress and low levels of social support were significantly associated with higher levels of marital distress.
Field boundaries restrict dispersal of a tropical tiger beetle, Megacephala angustata Chevrolat 1841 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)

Las barreras vivas pueden restringir la dispersion de invertebrados depredadores en tierra agricola y dividir sus poblaciones en poblaciones locales a nivel de campo con consecuencias tanto para la recolonizacion despues del uso de plaguicidas como el control natural de plagas. En el estudio presente se investiga el efecto de barreras vivas sobre la dispersion de Megacephala angustata Chevrolat 1841 en una granja en la costa de El Salvador. Trampas de caida indicaron una aversion a los habitat sombreados, incluso a la sombra de barreras vivas, por la especie. Un estudio captura-marca-recaptura indico que el movimiento entre potreros es poco comun. Tres semanas despues de marcar los escarabajos y a pesar de frecuentes recapturas, solamente 2 de 401 individuos se encontraron afuera de los potreros donde se les habian marcado.
Terminations of large strike-slip faults: an alternative model from New Zealand

Abstract The 500-km-long strike-slip North Island Fault System (NIFS) intersects and terminates against the Taupo Rift. Both fault systems are active, with strike-slip displacement transferred into the rift without displacing normal faults along the rift margin. Data from displaced landforms, fault-trenching, gravity and seismic-reflection profiles, and aerial photograph analysis suggest that within 150 km of the northern termination of the NIFS, the main faults in the strike-slip fault system bend through 25°, splay into five principal strands and decrease their mean dip. These changes in fault geometry are accompanied by a gradual steepening of the pitch of the slip vectors, and by an anticlockwise swing (up to 50°) in the azimuth of slip on the faults in the NIFS. As a consequence of the bending of the strike-slip faults and the changes in their slip vectors, near their intersection, the slip vectors on the two component fault systems become subparallel to each other and to their mutual line of intersection. This subparallelism facilitates the transfer of displacement from one fault system to the other, accounting for a significant amount of the NE increase of extension along the rift, whilst maintaining the overall coherence of the strike-slip termination. Changes in the slip vectors of the strike-slip faults arise from the superimposition of rift-orthogonal differential extension outside the rift margin, resulting in differential motion of the footwall and hanging-wall blocks of each fault in the NIFS. The combination of rift-orthogonal heterogeneous extension (dip-slip) and strike-slip, results in a steepening of the pitch of the slip vectors on the terminating fault system. Slip vectors on each splay close to their terminations are, therefore, the sum of strike-slip and dip-slip components, with the total angle through which the pitch of the slip vectors steepens being dependent on the relative values of both these two component vectors. In circumstances where interaction of the velocity fields for the intersecting fault systems cannot resolve to a slip vector that is boundary-coherent, either rotation about vertical axes of the terminating fault relative to the through-going fault system may take place to accommodate the termination of the strike-slip fault system, or the rift may be offset by the strike-slip fault system rather than terminating into it. At the termination of the NIFS, an earlier phase of such rotations may have produced the 25° anticlockwise bend in fault strike and contributed up to about one-third of the anticlockwise deflection in slip azimuth. On the terminating strike-slip NIFS, therefore, rotational and non-rotational termination mechanisms have both played a role, but at different times in its evolution, as the thermal structure, the rheology and the thickness of the crust in the rift intersection region have changed.
The Last Glacial Maximum in the North Sea Basin: micromorphological evidence of extensive glaciation

Despite a long history of investigation, critical issues regarding the last glacial cycle in northwest Europe remain unresolved. One of these refers to the extent, timing and dynamics of Late Devensian/Weichselian glaciation of the North Sea Basin, and whether the British and Scandinavian ice sheets were confluent at any time during this period. This has been the result of the lack of the detailed sedimentological data required to reconstruct processes and environment of sediments recovered through coring. This study presents the results of seismic, sedimentological and micromorphological evidence used to reconstruct the depositional processes of regionally extensive seismic units across the North Sea Basin. Thin section micromorphology is used here to provide an effective means of discriminating between subglacial and glacimarine sediments from cored samples and deriving process‐based interpretations from sediment cores. On the basis of micromorphology, critical formations from the basin have been reinterpreted, with consequent stratigraphic implications. Within the current stratigraphic understanding of the North Sea Basin, a complex reconstruction is suggested, with a minimum of three major glacial episodes inferred. On at least two occasions during the Weichselian/Devensian, the British and Scandinavian ice sheets were confluent in the central North Sea. Whilst micromorphology can provide much greater confidence in the interpretation of Late Quaternary offshore stratigraphic sequences, it is noted that a much better geochronology is required to resolve key stratigraphic issues between the onshore and offshore stratigraphic records. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-Resolution Satellite Analysis and Model Evaluation of Clouds and Radiation over the Mackenzie Basin Using AVHRR Data.

Abstract Both the issues of high-resolution satellite analysis and model evaluation for a region centered on the Arctic Circle (60°–75°N) are addressed. Model cloud fraction, cloud height, and outgoing radiation are compared to corresponding satellite observations using a model-to-satellite approach (calculated radiances from model state). The dataset consists of forecasts run at 15-km resolution up to 30 h and nearly coincident Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery during the Beaufort and Arctic Storm Experiment over the Mackenzie Basin for a monthly period in the fall of 1994. A cloud detection algorithm is designed for day and night application using the 11-μ channel of AVHRR along with available information on atmospheric and ground temperatures. The satellite and model estimates of cloud fraction are also compared to observations at 20 ground stations. A significant result of the validation is that the model has a higher frequency of low cloud tops and a lower frequency of midlevel.
Inversion With a Priori Information: An Approach to Integrated Stratigraphic Interpretation

the section must tit the impedance logs available at several well locations; consistency of the interpretation. A similar approach has been proposed by Gelfand and Lamer (1984). It can be used to check a lithological model guessed by the interpreter or to improve it for a better fit between synthetic and observed seismic sections, Our method relies ona quite different strategy and has advantages that will be emphasized in the following.
Settlement Patterns of African Refugee Communities in Southeast Queensland

Abstract Over 4000 African refugees have resettled in Queensland through the Australian government's Humanitarian Program. Research on the settlement geography of this immigrant group is, however, limited. The present study is set within the context of research and debates concerning the residential concentration and/or dispersion patterns of immigrant settlement in Australia. The paper investigates the settlement and secondary migration geography of eight African refugee communities in Southeast Queensland. Discrepancies are identified between the official data and the actual distribution according to community members’ views obtained via focus group surveys and interviews. Preliminary results indicate that there is a relatively high rate of secondary migration in the African communities. The paper also discusses the two key factors underpinning this secondary migration: housing and social networks. These findings have implications for settlement service providers, particularly in the area of housing.