Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BENIGN MELANOCYTIC NAEVI

Objective: To study the histological spectrum and types of benign melanocytic naevi and to observe unusual/atypical histological features in these lesions. Design: An observational study with prospective data. Place and Duration of Study: 1st June 1997 to 30th June 1998 at department of Pathology PNS Shifa, Karachi. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 consecutive cases of melanocytic naevi were studied. Skin biopsies were taken by the Dermatologist from the patients with a primary clinical diagnosis of naevus/mole. Relevant data was recorded. Results: Majority of cases 24(48%) were in the third decade with female preponderance (56%). Commonest site was the face (66%). Thirty percent cases showed lentiginous proliferation. Acanthosis was observed in 26% cases and effacement in 12%. Twelve percent cases showed mild patchy infiltration by the inflammatory cells. Foreign body reaction along with inflammation was seen in 8% cases. Nuclear pleomorphism with slight variation in size, shape and staining was observed in 8% of the lesions. No architectural disarray or other atypical histological features fulfilling the criteria of dysplastic naevus or malignancy were observed. Conclusion: Face was the most common site and intradermal naevus was the commonest lesion. Few histological features like lentiginous proliferation, multinucleated naevus cells, foreign body reaction, fatty infiltration, linear fibrosis and acanthosis were observed. However no cytological features for dysplasia or malignancy were present.
Gravitational-wave energy and other fluxes in ghost-free bigravity

One of the key ingredients for making binary waveform predictions in a beyond-GR theory of gravity is understanding the energy and angular momentum carried by gravitational waves and any other radiated fields. Identifying the appropriate energy functional is unclear in Hassan-Rosen bigravity, a ghost-free theory with one massive and one massless graviton. The difficulty arises from the new degrees of freedom and length scales which are not present in GR, rendering an Isaacson-style averaging calculation ambiguous. In this article we compute the energy carried by gravitational waves in bigravity starting from the action, using the canonical current formalism. The canonical current agrees with other common energy calculations in GR, and is unambiguous (modulo boundary terms), making it a convenient choice for quantifying the energy of gravitational waves in bigravity or any diffeomorphism-invariant theories of gravity. This calculation opens the door for future waveform modeling in bigravity to correctly include backreaction due to emission of gravitational waves.
Prognostic Signiﬁcance of the Pluripotency Factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play major roles in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to cancer therapy. Several CSC markers have been studied in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), including the pluripotency factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4; however, their clinical signiﬁcance is still unclear. NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 expression was evaluated by immunochemistry in 348 surgically-treated HNSCC, and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes. mRNA expression was further analyzed in 530 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC. NANOG protein expression was detected in 250 (72%) cases, more frequently in patients with lymph node metastasis ( p = 0.003), and was an independent predictor of better survival in multivariate analysis. While OCT4 expression was undetectable, SOX2 expression was observed in 105 (30%) cases, and strongly correlated with NANOG expression. Combined expression of both proteins showed the highest survival rates, and double-negative cases the worst survival. Strikingly, the impact of NANOG and SOX2 on outcome varied depending on tumor site and lymph node inﬁltration, speciﬁcally showing prognostic signiﬁcance in pharyngeal tumors. Correlation between NANOG and SOX2 at mRNA and protein was speciﬁcally observed in node positive (N + ) patients, and consistently correlated with better survival rates. According to our ﬁndings, NANOG protein expression is frequent in HNSCC, thereby emerging as an independent predictor of better prognosis in pharyngeal tumors. Moreover, this study uncovers a di ﬀ erential impact of NANOG and SOX2 expression on HNSCC prognosis, depending on tumor site and lymph node inﬁltration, which could facilitate high-risk patient stratiﬁcation.
From Workplace to Residence: The Spillover Effects of Minimum Wage Policies on Local Housing Markets

The recent rise of sub-national minimum wage (MW) policies in the US has resulted in significant dispersion of MW levels within urban areas. In this paper, we study the spillover effects of these policies on local rental markets through commuting. To do so, for each USPS ZIP code we construct a"workplace"MW measure based on the location of its resident's jobs, and use it to estimate the effect of MW policies on rents. We use a novel identification strategy that exploits the fine timing of differential changes in the workplace MW across ZIP codes that share the same"residence"MW, defined as the same location's MW. Our baseline results imply that a 10 percent increase in the workplace MW increases rents at residence ZIP codes by 0.69 percent. To illustrate the importance of commuting patterns, we use our estimates and a simple model to simulate the impact of federal and city counterfactual MW policies. The simulations suggest that landlords pocket approximately 10 cents of each dollar generated by the MW across directly and indirectly affected areas, though the incidence on landlords varies systematically across space.
Comparing second-order gravitational self-force and effective one body waveforms from inspiralling, quasicircular and nonspinning black hole binaries. II. The large-mass-ratio case

We compare recently computed waveforms from second-order gravitational self-force (GSF) theory to those generated by a new, GSF-informed, effective one body (EOB) waveform model for (spin-aligned, eccentric) inspiralling black hole binaries with large mass ratios. We focus on quasi-circular, nonspinning, configurations and perform detailed GSF/EOB waveform phasing comparisons, either in the time domain or via the gauge-invariant dimensionless function $Q_\omega\equiv \omega^2/\dot{\omega}$, where $\omega$ is the gravitational wave frequency. The inclusion of high-PN test-mass terms within the EOB radiation reaction (notably, up to 22PN) is crucial to achieve an EOB/GSF phasing agreement below 1~rad up to the end of the inspiral for mass ratios up to 500. For larger mass ratios, up to $5\times 10^4$, the contribution of horizon absorption becomes more and more important and needs to be accurately modeled. Our results indicate that our GSF-informed EOB waveform model is a promising tool to describe waveforms generated by either intermediate or extreme mass ratio inspirals for future gravitational wave detectors
Self-Supervised Speaker Verification Using Dynamic Loss-Gate and Label Correction

For self-supervised speaker verification, the quality of pseudo labels decides the upper bound of the system due to the massive unreliable labels. In this work, we propose dynamic loss-gate and label correction (DLG-LC) to alleviate the performance degradation caused by unreliable estimated labels. In DLG, we adopt Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to dynamically model the loss distribution and use the estimated GMM to distinguish the reliable and unreliable labels automatically. Besides, to better utilize the unreliable data instead of dropping them directly, we correct the unreliable label with model predictions. Moreover, we apply the negative-pairs-free DINO framework in our experiments for further improvement. Compared to the best-known speaker verification system with self-supervised learning, our proposed DLG-LC converges faster and achieves 11.45%, 18.35% and 15.16% relative improvement on Vox-O, Vox-E and Vox-H trials of Voxceleb1 evaluation dataset.
A phase-shift-periodic parallel boundary condition for low-magnetic-shear scenarios

We formulate a generalized periodic boundary condition as a limit of the standard twist-and-shift parallel boundary condition that is suitable for simulations of plasmas with low magnetic shear. This is done by applying a phase shift in the binormal direction when crossing the parallel boundary. While this phase shift can be set to zero without loss of generality in the local flux-tube limit when employing the twist-and-shift boundary condition, we show that this is not the most general case when employing periodic parallel boundaries, and may not even be the most desirable. A non-zero phase shift can be used to avoid the convective cells that plague simulations of the three-dimensional Hasegawa–Wakatani system, and is shown to have measurable effects in periodic low-magnetic-shear gyrokinetic simulations. We propose a numerical program where a sampling of periodic simulations at random pseudo-irrational flux surfaces are used to determine physical observables in a statistical sense. This approach can serve as an alternative to applying the twist-and-shift boundary condition to low-magnetic-shear scenarios, which, while more straightforward, can be computationally demanding.
PolarMOT: How Far Can Geometric Relations Take Us in 3D Multi-Object Tracking?

Most (3D) multi-object tracking methods rely on appearance-based cues for data association. By contrast, we investigate how far we can get by only encoding geometric relationships between objects in 3D space as cues for data-driven data association. We encode 3D detections as nodes in a graph, where spatial and temporal pairwise relations among objects are encoded via localized polar coordinates on graph edges. This representation makes our geometric relations invariant to global transformations and smooth trajectory changes, especially under non-holonomic motion. This allows our graph neural network to learn to effectively encode temporal and spatial interactions and fully leverage contextual and motion cues to obtain final scene interpretation by posing data association as edge classification. We establish a new state-of-the-art on nuScenes dataset and, more importantly, show that our method, PolarMOT, generalizes remarkably well across different locations (Boston, Singapore, Karlsruhe) and datasets (nuScenes and KITTI).
2022 Theoretical framework for the dynamics of cryogenic liquid helium-4 bridging the classical and quantum mechanics using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics

Our recent study reported that the vortex lattice in rotating liquid helium-4 can be reproduced even when we solve the two-ﬂuid model in a fully classical mechanical approximation that admits both components of ﬂuid forces, provided that the viscosity is rederived to conserve rotational angular momentum using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and vortex dynamics. It suggests that a fully classical mechanical approximation of the two-ﬂuid model using SPH is equivalent to solving a many-body quantum mechanical equation under speciﬁc conditions. This study aims to demonstrate the existence of this equivalence. We ﬁrst derived the SPH form of the motion equation for the superﬂuid component of the two-ﬂuid model, i.e., the motion equation driven by the gradient of the chemical potential obtained using the Gibbs–Duhem equation. We also derived the SPH form of the motion equation for condensates from the Gross–Pitaevskii theory, i.e., the motion equation driven by the gradient of the chemical potential obtained from the Schr¨odinger equation for interacting bosons. We then compared the two discretized equations. We found that maintaining the internal energy at zero for each ﬂuid particle ensures their equivalence when the quantum pressure is negligible. This equivalence holds even when the quantum pressure is non-negligible if the quantum pressure gradient force equals the mutual friction force. Zero internal energy indicates a thermodynamic ground state, which includes both the ground state and the elementary excitation state. Therefore, the condition can be suﬃciently satisﬁed given that the velocities of ﬂuid particles do not exceed the Landau critical velocity, which is not a stringent condition for several simulations with a characteristic velocity of a few cm · s − 1 in a laboratory system. We redemonstrated a rotation simulation after minor improvements and succeeded in observing a vortex lattice with a quantization of the circulation, known as the quantum lattice. This has provided a certain validity in that the quantum lattice, previously considered a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon, can be reproduced by classical ﬂuid mechanics.
Adjust Pearson's r to Measure Nonlinear Dependence

As the most commonly used correlation statistic, Pearson's r is generally considered as a measure only for linear dependence. The use of Pearson's r has been strongly discouraged in nonlinear scenarios. Recent research shows that this opinion is myth and Pearson's r should not be ruled out a priori for measuring nonlinear monotonic relationships. We find that Pearson's r does have potential to measure nonlinear dependence as long as the relationships are monotonic, it just underestimates them. We derive a new inequality which is tighter than the famous Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, leverage it to adjust the underestimation, and propose a new correlation statistic, i.e., rearrangement correlation. The rearrangement correlation is able to capture arbitrary monotonic relationships, both linear and nonlinear ones. It reverts to Pearson's r in linear scenarios, and to Spearman's rho when calculated on ranks. Investigations on simulated and real-life scenarios show that the rearrangement correlation is more accurate in measuring nonlinear monotonic dependence, and more powerful in testing nonlinear monotonic dependence than classical correlation statistics, and other recently proposed measures. Thus, Pearson's r is a gold measure not only for linear dependence, but also for nonlinear monotonic dependence, if adjusted.
EFFECT OF DRYING METHODS ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MORINGA LEAVES POWDER

Moringa leaves contain large amount of several important nutrients which are essential to the human body. The present investigation efforts have been made to prepare powder from ( Moringa oleifera L.) leaves by different drying methods, including shadow drying, and oven drying at different temperatures (50°C, 60°C and 70°C). Results indicated that shadow dried sample was better than oven dried samples due its high nutrients content. Moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash and total carbohydrate contents of moringa powder were found in the range of 4.80 -6.77%, 21.52 to 22.90%, 7.94 -9.11%, 9.36-11.21%, 7.71-8.13% and 53.09- 60.12%, respectively. Sixteen amino acids were identified in moringa leaves powder. Lysin, leucine and phenylalanine were the most abundant essential amino acids in all studied samples. Moringa leaves powder contained 17 fatty acids. The highest saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (C R 16:0 R ) of dried moringa leaves dried at 50 P o P C (10.77g/ 100g fat) while the major unsaturated fatty acid was α-Linolenic (C R 18:3 R ) of dried moringa leaves dried at 60 P o P C (52.46 g/100g fat). Vitamins A, E and C were present in different concentrations, where the highest values were found in fresh moringa leaves followed by leaves dried in shadow while those of lower values were found in oven dried sample. Results also illustrated that the moringa leaves powder is rich source of natural antioxidants. The highest content of the identificated sugars in moringa leaves powder (shadow drying) was stachyose (1009.75 mg/100g). Glucuronic acid was found in moderate concentration (876.59 mg/100g). Sucrose and raffinose were also detected (608.68 mg/100g, 607.89 mg/100g), respectively in moringa leaves powder. The study revealed that dried leaf powder of moringa can serve as an excellent source of nutrientional value and it was concluded that shadow drying method was the best method for drying moringa leaves.
PeCLR: Self-Supervised 3D Hand Pose Estimation from monocular RGB via Equivariant Contrastive Learning

Encouraged by the success of contrastive learning on image classification tasks, we propose a new self-supervised method for the structured regression task of 3D hand pose estimation. Contrastive learning makes use of unlabeled data for the purpose of representation learning via a loss formulation that encourages the learned feature representations to be invariant under any image transformation. For 3D hand pose estimation, it too is desirable to have invariance to appearance transformation such as color jitter. However, the task requires equivariance under affine transformations, such as rotation and translation. To address this issue, we propose an equivariant contrastive objective and demonstrate its effectiveness in the context of 3D hand pose estimation. We experimentally investigate the impact of invariant and equivariant contrastive objectives and show that learning equivariant features leads to better representations for the task of 3D hand pose estimation. Furthermore, we show that standard ResNets with sufficient depth, trained on additional unlabeled data, attain improvements of up to 14.5% in PA-EPE on FreiHAND and thus achieves state-of-the-art performance without any task specific, specialized architectures. Code and models are available at https://ait.ethz. ch/projects/2021/PeCLR/
Low-Afﬁnity Na 1 Uptake in the Halophyte Suaeda maritima 1[C][W][OA]

Na 1 uptake by plant roots has largely been explored using species that accumulate little Na 1 into their shoots. By way of contrast, the halophyte Suaeda maritima accumulates, without injury, concentrations of the order of 400 m M NaCl in its leaves. Here we report that cAMP and Ca 2 1 (blockers of nonselective cation channels) and Li 1 (a competitive inhibitor of Na 1 uptake) did not have any signiﬁcant effect on the uptake of Na 1 by the halophyte S. maritima when plants were in 25 or 150 m M NaCl (150 m M NaCl is near optimal for growth). However, the inhibitors of K 1 channels, TEA 1 (10 m M ), Cs 1 (3 m M ), and Ba 2 1 (5 m M ), signiﬁcantly reduced the net uptake of Na 1 from 150 m M NaCl over 48 h, by 54%, 24%, and 29%, respectively. TEA 1 (10 m M ), Cs 1 (3 m M ), and Ba 2 1 (1 m M ) also signiﬁcantly reduced 22 Na 1 inﬂux (measured over 2 min in 150 m M external NaCl) by 47%, 30%, and 31%, respectively. In contrast to the situation in 150 m M NaCl, neither TEA 1 (1–10 m M ) nor Cs 1 (0.5–10 m M ) signiﬁcantly reduced net Na 1 uptake or 22 Na 1 inﬂux in 25 m M NaCl. Ba 2 1 (at 5 m M ) did signiﬁcantly decrease net Na 1 uptake (by 47%) and 22 Na 1 inﬂux (by 36% with 1 m M Ba 2 1 ) in 25 m M NaCl. K 1 (10 or 50 m M ) had no effect on 22 Na 1 inﬂux at concentrations below 75 m M NaCl, but the inﬂux of 22 Na 1 was inhibited by 50 m M K 1 when the external concentration of NaCl was above 75 m M . The data suggest that neither nonselective cation channels nor a low-afﬁnity cation transporter are major pathways for Na 1 entry into root cells. We propose that two distinct low-afﬁnity Na 1 uptake pathways exist in S. maritima : Pathway 1 is insensitive to TEA 1 or Cs 1 , but sensitive to Ba 2 1 and mediates Na 1 uptake under low salinities (25 m M NaCl); pathway 2 is sensitive to TEA 1 , Cs 1 , and Ba 2 1 and mediates Na 1 uptake under higher external salt concentrations (150 m M NaCl). Pathway 1 might be mediated by a high-afﬁnity K transporter-type transporter and pathway 2 by an AKT1-type channel. in Planta Did Not Support NSCCs and LCT as the Major Pathways for Na 1 Entry into Root Cells
Inﬂuence of a Semiochemical Analogue on Growing Performances and Meat Quality of Broilers

Stress in broilers may have severe conse-quences on the ﬁnal product quality. A synthetic analogue of uropygial secretion of mother hens was isolated from poultry. This mother hen uropygial secretion analogue (MHUSA) was tested in farm conditions on broilers during 12 wk. The purpose of this trial was to estimate the inﬂuence of MHUSA on growing performances, meat characteristics after processing, and stress indicators of broilers. After the 80-d period, birds under treatment were heavier at 3 different weighing ages ( P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.01, and P ≤ 0.05 at 21, 63, and 80 d of age, respectively) and had higher ﬁlet weights. A strong correlation between ﬁlet weight and carcass weight was found (R 2 =
Levels of evidence for the association between different food groups/items consumption and the risk of various cancer sites: an umbrella review

Abstract This study aimed to determine the level of evidence on the association between food groups/items consumption and the risk of different cancer sites from the meta-analyses/pooled analyses of observational studies. A systematic search was executed in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Web of Science. The criteria from the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Expert Report were adopted for evidence grading. In summary, there was convincing evidence for the association between fibre intake and decreased risk of colon and breast cancer. Also, consumption of dairy products, milk, fruits, and fibre was associated with a probable decreased risk of breast cancer. Consumption of whole grains, dairy products, milk, fruits, vegetables, and fibre had a probable inverse association with the incidence risk of gastrointestinal tract cancers. More qualified studies are needed to find reliable findings on the association between various food groups/items consumption and the risk of different cancer sites.
Short-term effect of meteorological factors on COVID-19 mortality in Qom, Iran

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to assess the short-term effects of the meteorological factors on the COVID-19 mortality in Qom, Iran. The GAM with a quasi-Poisson link function was used to evaluate the impact of temperature, DTR, relative humidity, and absolute humidity on the COVID-19 mortality, controlling potential confounders such as time trend, air pollutants, and day of the week. The results showed that the risk of COVID-19 mortality was reduced, in single-day lag/multiple-day average lag, per one-unit increase in absolute humidity (percentage change in lag 0=−33.64% (95% CI (−42.44, −23.49)), and relative humidity (percentage change in lag 0=−1.87% (95% CI (−2.52, −1.22)). Also, per one-unit increase in DTR value, COVID death risk increased in single-day and multiple-day average lag. This study demonstrated a significant relationship between the four meteorological variables and the COVID-19 mortality.
Alternative experiments using the geophysical fluid flow cell

1. INTRODUCTION The Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (henceforth CFFC) is an experiment that was designed to take advantage of the zero gravity environment of the Spacelab to effect studies of rotating convection In a spherical shell with radial gravity. The radial gravity is possible because in the absence of the Imposed uniform gravitational acceleration that dominates the terrestrial laboratory, other forces that mimic buoyancy can be substituted. In the GFFC, a hemispherical shell of dielectric fluid is subject to a radial electric field. The resulting polarization forces are in the radial direction and directly proportional to the density of the dielectric fluid. Thus, a radially oriented buoyancy force is simulated in a manner that is exactly analogous to that occuring in planetary atmospheres and oceans. Unfortunately, however, this dielectric buoyancy or dielectric gravity is rather weak for applied fields that don't cause breakdown in the fluid. Thus it is necessary to conduct experiments using It in the zero-gravity environment. The uniform gravity of Earth, would, for example, completely dominate the motions in the GFFC, and these motions would not be good models for the geophysically interesting problems. The GFFC was designed to generate a dielectrtc gravity as