Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the origin of gamma-ray emission in eta Carina

\eta\ Car is the only colliding-wind binary for which high-energy \gamma\ rays are detected. Although the physical conditions in the shock region change on timescales of hours to days, the variability seen at GeV energies is weak and on significantly longer timescales. The \gamma-ray spectrum exhibits two features that can be interpreted as emission from the shocks on either side of the contact discontinuity. Here we report on the first time-dependent modelling of the non-thermal emission in \eta\ Car. We find that emission from primary electrons is likely not responsible for the \gamma-ray emission, but accelerated protons interacting with the dense wind material can explain the observations. In our model, efficient acceleration is required at both shocks, with the primary side acting as a hadron calorimeter, whilst on the companion side acceleration is limited by the flow time out of the system, resulting in changing acceleration conditions. The system therefore represents a unique laboratory for the exploration of hadronic particle acceleration in non-relativistic shocks.
The Effects of Different Doses of Tranexamic Acid Infusions on the Postoperative Outcomes of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery

Aim: There are still concerns about its benefits and possible risks in pediatric patients, as well as the dosage regimen, frequency, and form of tranexamic acid. In this study, the effects of different doses of tranexamic acid used in pediatric congenital heart surgery were investigated. Methods: The study was conducted between August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2021, by screening patient files and hospital data systems. Accordingly, patients in Group TXA-10 and Group TXA-25 were continuously administered 10 mg/kg/hour and 25 mg/kg/ hour tranexamic acid infusions, respectively, from the induction of anesthesia until their transfer to the intensive care unit. The groups were compared in terms of the amount of bleeding, blood products used, and postoperative complications. Results: Thirty-five patients were included in Group TXA-10, and 36 patients were included in Group TXA-25. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of gender, weight, height, or presence of cyanotic heart disease. The median post-pump activated clotting time in Group TXA-10 was significantly longer than in Group TXA-25 (153 vs. 141.5 seconds, p=0.003). There was no significant difference between the groups also in terms of the amount of bleeding; the median erythrocyte transfusion amount was 50 ml in both groups. The amount of fresh frozen plasma and platelets that needed to be transfused in Group TXA-10 was higher than in Group TXA-25, albeit not significantly. There was no difference between the groups in terms of postoperative complication rates. Conclusion: Tranexamic acid can be safely and effectively used in pediatric heart surgery cases with an infusion rate of 10 mg/kg/hour.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Auditory Dysfunction—Does Snoring Sound Play a Role?

The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and auditory dysfunction, and to clarify the role of snoring sounds in contributing to auditory dysfunction. A comprehensive assessment of OSA and the auditory system was performed, including overnight polysomnography, detection of the intra-ear canal snoring sound energy (SSE), pure tone average (PTA), tinnitus pitch matching, the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). The patients were identified as having tinnitus if their THI score was higher than zero or their tinnitus pitches were matched to specific frequencies. The median age, body mass index, and apnea–hypopnea index score were 41 years, 26.4 kg/m2, and 29.9 events/h, respectively. Among the 50 participants, 46 (92%) had a normal PTA, and only 4 (8%) patients had mild hearing loss. There was no significant difference in PTA among OSA severities (p = 0.52). Among the 50 participants, 33 patients (66%) were identified as having tinnitus. In the tinnitus group (n = 33), the ESS score (p = 0.01) and intra-ear canal SSE of 851–1500 Hz (p = 0.04) were significantly higher than those in the non-tinnitus group (n = 17). OSA patients with a higher ESS score had a higher risk of tinnitus (odds ratio 1.22 [95% CI: 1.01–1.46]). OSA-related auditory dysfunction emerged in tinnitus rather than in hearing impairment. OSA patients with daytime sleepiness had a higher risk of tinnitus. High-frequency SSE can jeopardize cochlea and is a potential mechanism contributing to tinnitus. Detection of snoring sounds through an intra-ear canal device may be more precise in assessing acoustic trauma from snoring sounds to vulnerable auditory system and thus warrants further research.
An Introduction To Statistical Concepts For Education And Behavioral Sciences

Data Representation Univariate Population Parameters and Sample Statistics The Normal Distribution and Standard Scores Introduction to Probability and Sample Statistics Introduction to Hypothesis Testing - Inferences About a Single Mean Inferences About the Difference Between Two Means Inferences About Proportions Inferences About Variances Bivariate Measures of Association Simple Linear Regression Multiple Regression One-Factor Analysis of Variance - Fixed-Effects Model Multiple Comparison Procedures Factorial Analysis of Variance - Fixed-Effects Model Introduction to Analysis of Covariance - the One-Factor Fixed-Effects Model with a Single Covariate Random-and Mixed-Effects Analysis of Variance Models Hierarchical and Randomized Balck Analysis of Variance Models.
Orbital Landau level dependence of the fractional quantum Hall effect in quasi-two-dimensional electron layers: Finite-thickness effects

The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in the second orbital Landau level at filling factor 5/2 remains enigmatic and motivates our work. We consider the effect of the quasi-2D nature of the experimental FQH system on a number of FQH states (fillings 1/3, 1/5, 1/2) in the lowest, second, and third Landau levels (LLL, SLL, TLL,) by calculating the overlap, as a function of quasi-2D layer thickness, between the exact ground state of a model Hamiltonian and the consensus variational wavefunctions (Laughlin wavefunction for 1/3 and 1/5 and the Moore-Read Pfaffian wavefunction for 1/2). Using large overlap as a stability, or FQHE robustness, criterion we find the FQHE does not occur in the TLL (for any thickness), is the most robust for zero thickness in the LLL for 1/3 and 1/5 and for 11/5 in the SLL, and is most robust at finite-thickness (4-5 magnetic lengths) in the SLL for the mysterious 5/2 state and the 7/3 state. No FQHE is found at 1/2 in the LLL for any thickness. We examine the orbital effects of an in-plane (parallel) magnetic field finding its application effectively reduces the thickness and could destroy the FQHE at 5/2 and 7/3, while enhancing it at 11/5 as well as for LLL FQHE states. The in-plane field effects could thus be qualitatively different in the LLL and the SLL by virtue of magneto-orbital coupling through the finite thickness effect. In the torus geometry, we show the appearance of the threefold topological degeneracy expected for the Pfaffian state which is enhanced by thickness corroborating our findings from overlap calculations. Our results have ramifications for wavefunction engineering--the possibility of creating an optimal experimental system where the 5/2 FQHE state is more likely described by the Pfaffian state with applications to topological quantum computing.
Garlic (Allium spp.) viruses: detection, distribution and remediation attempts in a European garlic collection

Garlic is an important vegetable crop in numerous countries used as food and natural based medicine. Similar to the majority of vegetatively propagated plants, garlic may be affected by several viruses that can cause severe crop losses. The present study aimed to screen 105 garlic accessions (mother plants) from 5 European countries (Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Italy, and France) for possible presence of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) and Shallot latent virus (SLV). The occurrence of three Allexiviruses (GarV-A, GarV-B and GarV-C) in mixed assays was also investigated. Meristem-tip culture assays were performed in order to attempt eradication of the studied viruses. Garlic viruses identification was made by ELISA and RT-PCR. ELISA outcomes showed that all 105 garlic accessions were infected by different virus combinations. The OYDV and LYSV were identified, by ELISA, in all countries at 96% and 88,6% respectively and by RT-PCR at 99% and 96%. Furthermore, GCLV and SLV were detected by ELISA in about 88% and by RT-PCR at 89% and 90%, respectively with the exception of the studied Allexiviruses which were not amplified by RT-PCR with ALLEX1/ALLEX2 primers. Smaller meristem size (0,3-1,5 mm) led to better virus elimination efficiency (29%) compared to 8% obtained for the larger size (2-2,5 mm). The outcomes were opposite (16% vs. 90%) for plants regeneration. Virus elimination efficiency was linked to the virus type, e.g., OYDV and LYSV were eradicated at 90% while GCLV and Allexiviruses were difficult to eliminate (57,4% and 55,6% of eradication). Given the economic relevance of garlic crops worldwide and the frequently reported incidence of viral infections, it is important to make virus-free germplasm available. Therefore, investigating the garlic germplasm sanitary status and constantly improving it is of crucial importance aiming to increase the overall garlic production.
Colletotrichum siamense infection caused transcripts involved plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis varied in strawberry

Colletotrichum siamense infected the petiole and crown of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), and this anthracnose threatens strawberry production heavily in Hubei province. Characteristic the variation of transcript caused by C. siamense is important for anthracnose control of strawberry. In this study, RNA-seq analysis was used to monitor the strawberry transcripts in response of C. siamense at 0- and 6-days post-inoculation based on lesion measurement and hypha observation. The number of clean reads achieved for each sample was ranged from 5.68 to 8.12 Gb. The 0DPM vs 0DPI group had seven significantly differentially expressed transcripts, whereas the 6DPM vs 6DPI group exhibited 12,097 significantly differentially expressed transcripts. The differentially expressed transcripts of 6DPM vs 6DPI group were enriched in ‘metabolic process’ and ‘biological process’ in the biological process category and ‘oxidoreductase activity’ in the molecular function category by GO analysis. While ‘Starch and sucrose metabolism’, ‘Plant hormone signal transduction’ and ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathways were significantly enriched by KEGG analysis. The expression of MYC2 in JA, the ETR in Eth and, the SnRK2 and ABF in ABA signal transduction pathways were promoted, whereas expression of the PR1 in SA, JZA1 in JA, and ERF in Eth signal transduction pathways were inhibited. In addition, the transcripts that encode enzymes involved in the ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathway, such as PAL, CYP73A, CSE, 4CL, HTC, GSE and COMT were all inhibited showed by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. This study provided basic information of strawberry responding to C. siamense infection.
GALAXY OUTFLOWS WITHOUT SUPERNOVAE

High surface density, rapidly star-forming galaxies are observed to have ≈50–100 km s−1 line of sight velocity dispersions, which are much higher than expected from supernova driving alone, but may arise from large-scale gravitational instabilities. Using three-dimensional simulations of local regions of the interstellar medium, we explore the impact of high velocity dispersions that arise from these disk instabilities. Parametrizing disks by their surface densities and epicyclic frequencies, we conduct a series of simulations that probe a broad range of conditions. Turbulence is driven purely horizontally and on large scales, neglecting any energy input from supernovae. We find that such motions lead to strong global outflows in the highly compact disks that were common at high redshifts, but weak or negligible mass loss in the more diffuse disks that are prevalent today. Substantial outflows are generated if the one-dimensional horizontal velocity dispersion exceeds ≈35 km s−1, as occurs in the dense disks that have star-formation rate (SFR) densities above ≈0.1 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. These outflows are triggered by a thermal runaway, arising from the inefficient cooling of hot material coupled with successive heating from turbulent driving. Thus, even in the absence of stellar feedback, a critical value of the SFR density for outflow generation can arise due to a turbulent heating instability. This suggests that in strongly self-gravitating disks, outflows may be enhanced by, but need not caused by, energy input from supernovae.
Identity Families of Multiple Harmonic Sums and Multiple Zeta (Star) Values

In this paper we present many new families of identities for multiple harmonic sums using binomial coefficients. Some of these generalize a few recent results of Hessami Pilehrood et al. As applications we prove several conjectures involving multiple zeta star values (MZSV): the Two-one formula conjectured by Ohno and Zudilin, and a few conjectures of Imatomi et al. involving 2-3-2-1 type MZSV, where 2 means some finite string of 2's
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Optimized Ezetimibe Chitosan
Nanoparticles against the Induced- Hyperlipidemia in Rats

Hyperlipidemia not only involves an elevation in serum lipids, but it is also an inflammatory disease, as excessive lipid accumulation is known to trigger local inflammatory responses with the production of oxidative stress. The developed and optimized formula of ezetimibe chitosan nanoparticles encompassing 30 mg EZE together with low molecular weight of chitosan at a ratio to TPP 1.75: 2, showed a considerable superior anti-hyperlipidemia when compared to the marketed product. This study investigated the role of optimized ezetimibe chitosan nanoparticles (optimized formula) in combating the oxidative stress and inflammation against induced - hyperlipidemia in rats. forty male rats were divided into two main groups: normal control (10 rats) and hyperlipidemia group where hyperlipidemia rat model was created by oral administration of cholesterol – cholic acid mixture in a ratio of 3:1 and feeding on 55gm butter /kg diet for ten weeks, then this group divided into three sub-groups; hyperlipidemia, ezetimibe treated group (0.9mg/kg b.wt) and optimized formula treated group (0.63mg/kg b.wt). Ezetimibe and optimized formula were prescribed for 4 weeks. Hyperlipidemia induced a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, aminotransferases (ALT and AST) in association with a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity. Additionally , marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level along with significant decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) content, antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and Catalase) and nitric oxide (NO) production were observed in liver tissue of hyperlipidemia group. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α) was significantly increased in association with a significant decrease in interleukin 10 (IL-10). Treatment with Ezetimibe or the optimized formula effectively ameliorated these disorders and elicited their efficiency against oxidative stress and inflammation with the priority of the optimized formula. According to the obtained data, it can be concluded that treatment with optimized formula significantly relieved hyperlipidemia, by ameliorating the levels of aminotransferases with the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. the of oxidative stress after of rats with EZE or formula resulted in TAC and antioxidant system. These results indicated that EZE or optimized formula ameliorate oxidative damage caused by hyperlipidema and confirmed the antioxidative effect of EZE and the optimized formulation. These findings may be attributed to the hypolipidemic effect of EZE that decreased cholesterol influx to the cells thereby reducing cholesterol-induced oxidative stress. Also, EZE could attenuate oxidative stress by down regulation of NADPH oxidases, cytochrome P4502E1and beta oxidation Our results are in consistent with the studies and
A study on the multicolour evolution of red-sequence galaxy populations: Insights from hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytical models

Context. The nearby Orion Kleinmann-Low nebula is one of the most prolific sources of molecular line emission. It has served as a benchmark for spectral line searches throughout the (sub) millimeter regime. Aims. The main goal is to systematically study the spectral characteristics of Orion KL in the lambda similar to 1.3 cm band. Methods. We carried out a spectral line survey with the Effelsberg-100 m telescope toward Orion KL. It covers the frequency range between 17.9 GHz and 26.2 GHz, i.e., the radio "K band". We also examined ALMA maps to address the spatial origin of molecules detected by our 1.3 cm line survey. Results. In Orion KL, we find 261 spectral lines, yielding an average line density of about 32 spectral features per GHz above 3 sigma (a typical value of 3 sigma is 15 mJy). The identified lines include 164 radio recombination lines (RRLs) and 97 molecular lines. The RRLs, from hydrogen, helium, and carbon, stem from the ionized material of the Orion Nebula, part of which is covered by our beam. The molecular lines are assigned to 13 different molecular species including rare isotopologues. A total of 23 molecular transitions from species known to exist in Orion KL are detected for the first time in the interstellar medium. Non-metastable (J > K) (NH3)-N-15 transitions are detected in Orion KL for the first time. Based on the velocity information of detected lines and the ALMA images, the spatial origins of molecular emission are constrained and discussed. A narrow feature is found in SO2 (8(1,7)-7(2,6)), but not in other SO2 transitions, possibly suggesting the presence of a maser line. Column densities and fractional abundances relative to H-2 are estimated for 12 molecules with local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) methods. Rotational diagrams of non-metastable (NH3)-N-14 transitions with J = K + 1 to J = K + 4 yield different results; metastable (J = K) (NH3)-N-15 is found to have a higher excitation temperature than non-metastable (NH3)-N-15, also indicating that they may trace different regions. Elemental and isotopic abundance ratios are also estimated: He/H = (8.7 +/- 0.7)% derived from the ratios between helium RRLs and hydrogen RRLs; C-12/C-13 = 63 +/- 17 from (CH3OH)-C-12/(CH3OH)-C-13; N-14/N-15 = 100 +/- 51 from (NH3)-N-14/(NH3)-N-15; and D/H = (8.3 +/- 4.5) x 10(-3) from NH2D/NH3. The dispersion of the He/H ratios derived from H alpha/He alpha pairs to H delta/He delta pairs is very small, which is consistent with theoretical predictions that the departure coefficients b(n) factors for hydrogen and helium are nearly identical. Based on a non-LTE code that neglects excitation by the infrared radiation field and a likelihood analysis, we find that the denser regions have lower kinetic temperature, which favors an external heating of the hot core.
THEORETICAL p-MODE OSCILLATION FREQUENCIES FOR THE RAPIDLY ROTATING δ SCUTI STAR α OPHIUCHI

A rotating, two-dimensional stellar model is evolved to match the approximate conditions of α Oph. Both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric oscillation frequencies are computed for two-dimensional rotating models which approximate the properties of α Oph. These computed frequencies are compared to the observed frequencies. Oscillation calculations are made assuming the eigenfunction can be fitted with six Legendre polynomials, but comparison calculations with eight Legendre polynomials show the frequencies agree to within about 0.26% on average. The surface horizontal shape of the eigenfunctions for the two sets of assumed number of Legendre polynomials agrees less well, but all calculations show significant departures from that of a single Legendre polynomial. It is still possible to determine the large separation, although the small separation is more complicated to estimate. With the addition of the nonaxisymmetric modes with |m| ⩽ 4, the frequency space becomes sufficiently dense that it is difficult to comment on the adequacy of the fit of the computed to the observed frequencies. While the nonaxisymmetric frequency mode splitting is no longer uniform, the frequency difference between the frequencies for positive and negative values of the same m remains 2m times the rotation rate.
A Critical Discussion About The Methodology Of Quantum Theory

M. FerreroDpto. F´isica, Universidad de Oviedo33007 Oviedo, Spainmaferrero@uniovi.esD. SalgadoD.G. Metodolog´ia y Tecnolog´ias de la Informaci´on y las ComunicacionesInstituto Nacional de Estad´istica, 28071 Madrid. Spain.david. salgado.fernandez@ine.esJ. L. S´anchez-Go´mezDpto. F´isica Teo´rica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spainjl.sanchezgomez@uam.esKeywords: Realism; Individuation; Locality; Determinism; CorrelatedQuantum Systems; Entanglement Swapping; Operative Methodology;Unconscious Concepts; Material legality; Truth without Correspondence.AbstractIt is argued that the traditional “realist” methodology of physics,according to which human concepts, laws and theories can graspthe essence of reality, is incompatible with the most fruitful in-terpretation of quantum formalism. The proof rests on the vi-olation by quantum mechanics of the foundational principles ofthat methodology. An alternative methodology, in which the con-struction of sciences ﬁnishes at the level of human experience, asstandard quantum theory strongly suggests, is then conjectured.
MUSE-INGS ON AM1354-250: COLLISIONS, SHOCKS, AND RINGS

We present Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations of AM1354-250, confirming its status as a collisional ring galaxy that has recently undergone an interaction, creating its distinctive shape. We analyze the stellar and gaseous emission throughout the galaxy finding direct evidence that the gaseous ring is expanding with a velocity of ∼70 km s−1 and that star formation is occurring primarily in H ii regions associated with the ring. This star formation activity is likely triggered by this interaction. We find evidence for several excitation mechanisms in the gas, including emission consistent with shocked gas in the expanding ring and a region of LINER-like emission in the central core of the galaxy. Evidence of kinematic disturbance in both the stars and gas, possibly also triggered by the interaction, can be seen in all of the velocity maps. The ring galaxy retains a weak spiral structure, strongly suggesting the progenitor galaxy was a massive spiral prior to the collision with its companion an estimated 140 ± 12 Myr ago.