Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Picture-naming in American Sign Language: an electrophysiological study of the effects of iconicity and structured alignment

ABSTRACT A picture-naming task and ERPs were used to investigate effects of iconicity and visual alignment between signs and pictures in American Sign Language (ASL). For iconic signs, half the pictures visually overlapped with phonological features of the sign (e.g. the fingers of CAT align with a picture of a cat with prominent whiskers), while half did not (whiskers are not shown). Iconic signs were produced numerically faster than non-iconic signs and were associated with larger N400 amplitudes, akin to concreteness effects. Pictures aligned with iconic signs were named faster than non-aligned pictures, and there was a reduction in N400 amplitude. No behavioural effects were observed for the control group (English speakers). We conclude that sensory-motoric semantic features are represented more robustly for iconic than non-iconic signs (eliciting a concreteness-like N400 effect) and visual overlap between pictures and the phonological form of iconic signs facilitates lexical retrieval (eliciting a reduced N400).
Decoding Visual Motions from EEG Using Attention-Based RNN

The main objective of this paper is to use deep neural networks to decode the electroencephalography (EEG) signals evoked when individuals perceive four types of motion stimuli (contraction, expansion, rotation, and translation). Methods for single-trial and multi-trial EEG classification are both investigated in this study. Attention mechanisms and a variant of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are incorporated as the decoding model. Attention mechanisms emphasize task-related responses and reduce redundant information of EEG, whereas RNN learns feature representations for classification from the processed EEG data. To promote generalization of the decoding model, a novel online data augmentation method that randomly averages EEG sequences to generate artificial signals is proposed for single-trial EEG. For our dataset, the data augmentation method improves the accuracy of our model (based on RNN) and two benchmark models (based on convolutional neural networks) by 5.60%, 3.92%, and 3.02%, respectively. The attention-based RNN reaches mean accuracies of 67.18% for single-trial EEG decoding with data augmentation. When performing multi-trial EEG classification, the amount of training data decreases linearly after averaging, which may result in poor generalization. To address this deficiency, we devised three schemes to randomly combine data for network training. Accordingly, the results indicate that the proposed strategies effectively prevent overfitting and improve the correct classification rate compared with averaging EEG fixedly (by up to 19.20%). The highest accuracy of the three strategies for multi-trial EEG classification achieves 82.92%. The decoding performance for the methods proposed in this work indicates they have application potential in the brain–computer interface (BCI) system based on visual motion perception.
Do a science process skills affect on critical thinking in science? Differences in urban and rural

The study used mixed-method design. Sample size of this study was 689 students employed total sampling technique. This study revealed that science process skill of students in learning science whether urban and rural areas are good. The independent sample t-test showed that there was a significance difference in students' science process skill in urban school (M = 3.175, SD = 0.178) and in rural schools (M = 2.482, SD = 0.182); (t (687) = 18.224, p<0.01. The independent sample t-test showed that there was a significance difference in students' critical thinking in urban school (M = 5.058, SD = 0.163) and in rural schools (M = 3.436, SD = 0.152); t (687) = 17.224, p<0.001. Lastly, the regression shows the level of contribution students’ science process skill influence as much as 51.5% for critical thinking. This study was found that student science process skill affects critical thinking in learning science. Moreover, students' science process skill and critical thinking in urban better than rural.
Sex-specific differences in physiological recovery and short-term behaviour following fisheries capture in adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Numerous laboratory and field studies have found that female Pacific salmon have higher mortality than males during their once-in-a-lifetime upriver spawning migration. However, the proximate cause(s) of this increased mortality are poorly understood. This study exposed sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to a mild capture and tagging stressor and evaluated physiological recovery and movement behaviour at 1 and 4 h postrelease. Female sockeye salmon did not expend more anaerobic energy in response to the stressor but did have higher plasma lactate levels 4 h after the stressor, indicating that females took longer to physiologically recover compared with males. In addition, female salmon had lower plasma glucose but higher plasma cortisol, plasma K+, and cardiac lactate levels compared with males. Male and female salmon had markedly different postrelease behaviours within the first hour of release; males were more likely to hold position within the staging area. Two potential mechanisms leading to increased mortality in female salmon were identified in this study: (a) prolonged recovery duration (possibly mediated by elevated plasma cortisol levels) and (b) insufficient oxygen delivery to the heart.
Study of phenolic phytochemicals of Croatian white wines

The phenolic composition of different white wines including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavan-3-ols was identified and quantified by using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system coupled with diode array detection. Gallic and protocatechuic acids were determined from the group of hydroxybenzoic acids, whereas from the hydroxycinnamic acids caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were quantified. The most important group of phenolic compounds causing bitterness in wines is flavan-3-ols. Therefore, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epicatechin gallate were identified from this group. The studied samples presented the most preferable white wines from continental part of Croatia (Rhine Riesling, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Riesling, Traminer, Sylvaner) as well as from Istria (Malvasia istriana). The obtained results showed that caffeic and protocatechuic acids were the most abundant phenolic acids in tested white wines. In all samples were also determined total phenol content and total flavonoids content as well as antioxidant activity. For more reliable results, the antioxidant activity of wine was measured by β-carotene bleaching (BCB), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging methods. The total antioxidant activities from BCB, DPPH and ABTS assays were good correlated with total phenol content as well as with total flavonoids content.
Social capital networks in sports spectatorship and participation

The relationship between social capital and sport has been an increasing focus of scholarly literature in recent decades. However, very few of these studies consider social capital alongside theories of cultural consumption. Even fewer seek to assess the place of social capital in sports spectatorship. Taking primarily a Bourdieusian and neo-Bourdieusian theoretical approach, this study seeks to rectify these gaps by analysing three key components of social capital – social network size, social network prestige and social network variety – and how they relate to patterns of sports spectatorship and participation. Results indicate that the type of social capital that is most predictive seems to rely heavily upon the nature of the cleavages between cultural patterns of sports engagement. While the size of social network seems most universally applicable to predict sports engagement generally, network variety also seems to be highly applicable to the most omnivorous engagement profiles. Finally, network prestige appears applicable to some highbrow profiles of sports engagement.
Multi-Classification of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Through Integrated Machine Learning Approach in Fundus Images

Diabetic Retinopathy is an ocular sickness resulting in the visual disability, the treatment and cure of this eye disease becomes comfort if the disease is identified at the earliest. The present study conceives an integrated machine learning approach for the multi-level multi-classification of the earliest stage of diabetic retinopathy called Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. At the first level, the disease features are classified and at the second level, the disease severities are classified. The implementation of the work ensues with the fundus images undergoing grayscale conversion and median filter for preprocessing. Then, the statistical feature vectors like local binary patterns, histogram of gradients, and gray level co-occurrence matrix are extracted and fed into a multi-class support vector machine for classifying the non-Proliferative diabetic retinopathy disease features called microaneurysm, intra-retinal hemorrhages, and hard exudates. The classified features are classified into non-proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy disease severities namely mild, moderate and severe with the k-Nearest neighbor, random forest, and naive bayes methods. The proposed classifiers are assessed and validated in terms of accuracy and execution time; comparatively the k-Nearest neighbor classifier achieved a better result of 99% accuracy and the least processing time.
Solomon’s Gold Mine: Description or redescription of 24 species of Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) freshwater shrimps from the Solomon Islands, including 11 new species.

Following recent (2014–2017) collections made in the Solomon Islands by the MNHN and the NGO ESSI, we provide a checklist of the species of amphidromous freshwater shrimps of the genus Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837 from this region. Using morphological as well as molecular data in an integrative taxonomic perspective, we found a total of 24 species, including 11 new for science, that are described or re-described, illustrated and discussed in relation to their habitat and distribution. Newly described species are Caridina barakoma sp. nov., C. choiseul sp. nov., C. intermedia sp. nov., C. maeana sp. nov., C. nana sp. nov., C. piokerai sp. nov., C. pisuku sp. nov., C. paratypus sp. nov., C. poarae sp. nov., C. sikipozo sp. nov. and C. turipi sp. nov. Caridina gueryi Marquet, Keith & Kalfatak, 2009 is re-validated as a species distinct from C. buehleri Roux, 1934. Lectotypes are designated for C. mertoni Roux, 1911 and C. papuana Nobili, 1905. Diagnoses for 6 informative species groups are provided: C. brevicarpalis group, C. gracilirostris group, C. nilotica group, C. typus group, C. serratirostris group and C. weberi group. A map of the species distribution in the Solomon Islands, as well as the phylogenetic relationships between the species and their relatives, are provided.
The predictors of pain extent in people living with HIV.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of widespread pain among people with HIV (PWH) and describe associations with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and markers of HIV disease stage. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of cohort study in the United Kingdom and Ireland. METHODS Pain information was collected during the baseline visit (conducted from 2013 to 2015) through a self-completed manikin identifying pain at 15 sites from five body regions. Pain was classified as widespread if reported at at least four regions and at least seven sites, or regional otherwise. Chi-squared tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and ordinal logistic regression were used to consider associations between pain extent and sociodemographic and HIV-related factors. RESULTS Among the 1207 participants (614 PWH ≥ 50 years, 330 PWH < 50 years, 263 HIV-negative controls ≥50 years), pain was most commonly reported at the upper (left: 28.9%, right: 28.0%) and lower (left: 25.7%; right: 24.5%) leg, upper (18.6%) and lower (29.7%) back and shoulders (left: 16.0%; right: 16.8%). Widespread pain was more commonly reported in PWH than in HIV-negative controls (PLWH ≥ 50 years: 18.7%; PLWH < 50 years: 12.7%; HIV-negative ≥50 years: 9.5%) with regional pain reported in 47.6, 44.8 and 49.8%, respectively (global P = 0.001). In multivariable analyses, pain extent was greater in those with lower educational attainment, those exposed to more ART drugs, and those with a higher current CD4 cell count but longer exposure to immunosuppression. CONCLUSION Widespread pain is commonly reported in PWH and is associated with longer duration of exposure to HIV, immunosuppression and ART. Our findings call for greater awareness, and interventions to support the management, of pain in PWH.
Regional‐Scale Investigation of Preconditioning Factors of Rock Slope Instabilities in NW Bhutan

We present a new inventory of large rock slope instabilities and an extensive structural data set for northwestern Bhutan. Our data set is largely based on satellite observations, such as optical images and high‐resolution digital surface models, complemented with field observations. Kinematic analyses over seven different structural domains recognized in the study region were carried out to investigate structural control over the landslide distribution at a regional scale. In order to account for the sampling heterogeneity in the different data sets, a weighting system to the structural data is proposed. The results show that structural control exists in five out of seven domains, with foliation strongly influencing the sliding mechanisms. A lithological control appears also evident, with sedimentary rocks showing the highest landslide densities in the region. This study demonstrates how methodologies built on remote sensing data are suitable to investigate landslide predisposition at regional scales especially in largely inaccessible areas.
Interdecadal variation of biases in a regional climate model simulation of summer climate of East Asia

In this study, a 55‐year climate simulation over East Asia is conducted by using the regional climate model RegCM4.6 and the variations of biases in different climate backgrounds are investigated. The results show that the biases of rainfall and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) simulated by RegCM4.6 are not stable, instead they exhibit an obvious feature of interdecadal variation that is similar to the interdecadal variation of rainfall and WPSH themselves. The interdecadal change of the simulation bias occurs in the late 1970s, when abrupt interdecadal changes took place in global atmosphere and ocean as well as in East Asia climate. The interdecadal variation of the bias of the simulated WPSH is closely related with the interdecadal variation of the simulated rainfall bias. After 1978, the simulated WPSH is displaced further south than the observed WPSH, leading to excessive rainfall in the simulation and larger positive bias in south China. These overestimated rainfall and convective clouds in south China during 1979–2009 consume a lot of water vapour in the atmosphere and weaken the downwards solar radiation, resulting in a cold and dry atmosphere and large negative biases of virtual temperature and geopotential height at 500 hPa (H500) during 1979–2009 compared to that during 1955–1978. Corresponding to the above circulation anomalies, the simulated WPSH further weakens and shifts southwards after the late 1970s. A positive feedback loop is formed due to the positive feedback between the WPSH and cumulus convective process.
Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion injury: novel strategies for an old problem

Ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death and disability in Europe and worldwide. Thrombolytic therapy and angioplasty, by allowing the recovery of coronary blood flow (reperfusion) after ischemia, greatly improved clinical outcomes and reduced the infarct size in patients. Reperfusion per se, however, can cause serious and fatal cardiac dysfunctions, mainly due to the sudden entry of oxygen, ionic and metabolic disorders that, by overwhelming the endogenous cellular defences, can lead to the death of cardiomyocytes and trigger myocardial injury and dysfunction. Preclinical animal studies have identified and characterized many endogenous pathways that have the potential to protect cardiomyocytes and reduce the infarct size if activated before the ischemic event or early after the onset of reperfusion. However, the improvement in our knowledge and the implementation of adjuvant strategies to provide cardioprotection against short– and long–term ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) induced damage are of great importance and remain a major unmet clinical need. The present review summarizes our current comprehension on the pathophysiology of I/R injury and analyze recent progress in pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies of cardioprotection. Future perspectives of preclinical research on this field and its role in addressing important open questions, improving translation into the clinical setting included, are also presented.
Validity of a Novel Body Surface Electrocardiograph Mapping Device by MedtronicTM

Despite the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) being the gold standard in evaluating clinical presentations of arrythmias of various kinds, several notable limitations, namely in accuracy and localization, have recently garnered concern with respect to administering appropriate therapeutic measures. The following text puts these limitations under the spotlight, highlighting the difficulty and challenging nature of standard ECG analysis and therapeutic measures, while simultaneously showing a novel body surface electrocardiographic mapping system that utilizes 3D spatial imaging and pinpoint localization algorithms in order to compensate for the shortcomings of the standard ECG, thereby providing higher precision data collection. We provide a brief overview of the novel device in a selection of arrhythmic demographics, along with its validity and reliability, while illustrating the benefits and positive outcomes of its utility.
Comparing the VSM and Makigami tools in a transactional office environment: exploratory research from an Italian manufacturing company

Lean manufacturing and total quality management (TQM) are often based on mapping tools that support the redesign of processes in manufacturing, as well as in a transactional office environment. Over time, different types of mapping tools have been proposed and customised, especially for TQM applications, although the lean movement supports the well-consolidated value stream mapping (VSM). Although the VSM was created to map typical production processes, it can also be personalised for transactional office processes. Rather than employing a customised VSM, practitioners at times use a particular mapping tool named Makigami, which is linked with the business process reengineering (BPR) tools. Thus, this research investigated Makigami implementation and compared it with the well-known VSM adapted for transactional processes. For the comparison, we analysed a case study of an Italian manufacturing company in which both the mapping tools had been implemented in the technical department. The results indicated that Makigami seems to be a better vehicle for mapping a transactional office process, in comparison with the VSM, which must be altered in many ways from the original version. However, we found positive and negative features of both tools. Further, it seems that the tools could be integrated to work together.
Institutional trust, beliefs, and evaluation of regulations, and management of chronic wasting disease (CWD)

ABSTRACT Institutional trust and perceptions of regulatory efficacy can affect support for management. This study examined how institutional trust, specific trust related to information/management, and support for/perceived efficacy of current regulations related to deer hunters’ attitudes about chronic wasting disease (CWD) management. Results are from a survey of southeastern Minnesota deer hunters from the 2018 season, and suggest acceptance of agency management by a majority of hunters. However, a substantial minority of hunters who perceived the management approach was “too aggressive” believed all CWD regulations were ineffective and opposed regulations other than mandatory disease testing and carcass movement restrictions. Results suggest that a lack of shared values, along with greater trust in agency CWD information and technical competence, correlated with perceiving the management approach as “too aggressive. ” Future research is needed to understand the contextual nature of trust and how different elements of trust relate to acceptability of management actions.
New tragulid remains from the early/middle Miocene and a revision of their occurrence in Greece

ABSTRACT Tragulidae are very rare in the Miocene fossil record of Greece and their known material is quite scarce. Some new remains of them, found in the early/middle Miocene locality Antonios in Chalkidiki Peninsula (Macedonia, Greece), are studied in this article. Based on the size, at least three different tragulids have been recognised, Dorcatherium guntianum von Meyer 1846, Dorcatherium cf. crassum, and Dorcabune cf. anthracotherioides . An isolated small to medium size upper canine is morphologically similar to those of Dorcatherium and referred as Dorcatherium sp. Besides Antonios, Tragulidae were also found in other seven Greek fossiliferous sites but the material is scarce, in some cases represented by a single specimen. The determination of this material is problematic, names are proposed but they are doubted. The presence of Dorcatherium is continuous in Greece from the early Miocene (Antonios locality, MN 4/5) to the end of Miocene (Dytiko localities, MN 13). The possible presence of Dorcabune anthracotherioides in Antonios fauna may represent the first occurrence of this species in Europe and may extend the stratigraphic range of the species to MN 5, as its current older reference in Siwaliks (Pakistan) corresponds to MN 6.
How do Adolescents Develop Legal Cynicism? A Test of Legal Socialization Mechanisms Among Youth Involved in the Justice System

Abstract Despite surging interest in legal socialization, it is unclear how youth develop legal cynicism. The present study examined two socialization mechanisms for youth legal cynicism: perceptions of police treatment and maternal legal cynicism. Additionally, we assessed the degree to which an adolescent’s legal cynicism predicts reoffending. Youth and their mothers (338 dyads, total N = 676) were interviewed following their son’s first arrest. Path modeling tracked the associations between youths’ perceptions of police treatment, youths’ and mothers’ legal cynicism, and youth reoffending. Results suggest that youths’ legal cynicism derives from their own perceived treatment by police and not from mothers’ legal cynicism. Additionally, youth who perceived the police to have treated them more fairly reported less legal cynicism and in turn reoffended less. Findings advance our understanding of the etiology of legal cynicism and can inform best practices for police interactions with youth.