Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydroxylase inhibition regulates inﬂammation-induced intestinal ﬁbrosis through the suppression of ERK-mediated TGF- (cid:2) 1 signaling

CT. Hydroxylase inhibition regulates inﬂammation-induced intestinal ﬁbrosis through the suppression of ERK mediated TGF- (cid:2) 1 signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 311: G1076–G1090, is a complication of chronic inﬂammatory disorders such as inﬂammatory bowel disease, a condi-tion which has limited therapeutic options and often requires surgical intervention. Pharmacologic inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases, which confer oxygen sensitivity upon the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, has recently been shown to have therapeutic potential in colitis, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of hydroxylase inhibition on inﬂammation-driven ﬁbrosis in a murine colitis model. Mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate, followed by a period of recovery, developed intestinal ﬁbrosis characterized by alterations in the pattern of collagen deposition and inﬁltration of activated ﬁbroblasts. Treatment with the hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine ameliorated ﬁbrosis. TGF- (cid:2) 1 is a key regulator of ﬁbrosis that acts through the activation of ﬁbroblasts. Hy- droxylase inhibition reduced TGF- (cid:2) 1-induced expression of ﬁbrotic markers in cultured ﬁbroblasts, suggesting a direct role for hydroxylases in TGF- (cid:2) 1 signaling. This was at least in part due to inhibition of noncanonical activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. In summary, pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition ameliorates intestinal ﬁbrosis through suppression of TGF- (cid:2) 1-dependent ERK activation in ﬁbroblasts. We hypothesize that in addition to previously reported immunosupressive effects, hydroxylase inhibitors independently suppress proﬁbrotic pathways.
Total and Speciﬁc Polyphenol Intakes in Midlife Are Associated with Cognitive Function Measured 13 Years Later 1–3

Polyphenols, and in particular ﬂavonoids, are omnipresent plant-food components displaying biochemical properties possibly beneﬁcial to brain health. We sought to evaluate the long-term association between total and class-speciﬁc polyphenol intake and cognitive performance. Polyphenol intake was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database applied to at least six 24-h dietary records collected in 1994–1996 as part of the SU.VI. MAX (Supple´mentation en Vitamines et Mine´raux Antioxydants) study. The cognitive performance of 2574 middle-aged adults participating in the cohort was assessed in 2007–2009 using the following four neuropsychologicaltests: phonemic and semantic ﬂuency, the RI-48 Cued Recall test, the Trail Making test, and Forward and Backward Digit Span. Inter-correlations among the test scores were estimated with principal component analysis. Associations between polyphenol intake and cognition were assessed by multivariate linear regression and ANCOVA. In multivariate models, high total polyphenol intake was associated with better language and verbal memory ( P = 0.01) but not with executive functioning ( P = 0.09). More speciﬁcally, intake of catechins ( P = 0.001), theaﬂavins ( P = 0.002), ﬂavonols ( P = 0.01), and hydroxybenzoic acids ( P = 0.0004) was positively associated with language and verbal memory, especially with episodic memory assessed by the RI-48 test. In contrast, negative associations between scores on executive functioning and intake of dihydrochalcones ( P = 0.01), catechins ( P = 0.01), proanthocyanidins ( P = 0.01), and ﬂavonols ( P = 0.01) were detected. High intake of speciﬁc polyphenols, including ﬂavonoids and phenolic acids, may help to preserve verbal memory, which is a salient vulnerable domain in pathological brain aging. Further investigations are needed to clarify the observed negative associations regarding executive functioning. J. Nutr. 142: 76–83, 2012.
A geometric construction of generalized q-Schur algebras

We show that the algebras constructed in [Li10] and [Li12] are generalized q-Schur algebras as defined in [D03]. This provides a geometric construction of generalized q-Schur algebras in types A, D and E. We give a parameterization of Nakajima's Lagrangian quiver variety of type D associated to a certain highest weight.
Morphological adaptations in ﬁltering screens of Daphnia galeata to food quantity and food quality

We reared clones of the waterﬂea Daphnia galeata , a common grazer in many types of lakes, under several food regimes to study adaptations to feeding conditions in ﬁlter screen morphology and life history. As food regimes, we used low and high concentrations of the green alga Scenedesmus , a high concentration of the ﬁlamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria , and a mixture of Scenedesmus and clay. Natural seston from Lake IJsselmeer was also tested. Clones from two contrasting habitats (mesotrophic versus hypertrophic lake) did not differ in either population growth rate, r , or ﬁltering structures. However, all the clones exhibited phenotypic plasticity when reared under low and high food concentrations. In relation to their body length, daphnids grew larger ﬁlter screens with longer setae in response to low food concentrations, thus enhancing ﬁltering efﬁciency. Supplementing the low food concentration with inert clay particles had no effect on either the growth performance or ﬁlter screen morphology. In both cases, the growth and reproduction were low and ﬁltering areas large. Filter screens were of intermediate size when daphnids were supplied with food supporting intermediate growth and reproduction. From these laboratory results, we concluded that the nutri- tional status of Daphnia is a more important cue for the phenotypic response of the ﬁlter screen morphology than particle concentration.
R E V I E W A R T I C L E The primary periodic paralyses: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment

Periodic paralyses (PPs) are rare inherited channelopathies that manifest as abnormal, often potassium (K)-sensitive, muscle membrane excitability leading to episodic ﬂaccid paralysis. Hypokalaemic (HypoPP) and hyperkalaemic PP and Andersen-Tawil syndrome are genetically heterogeneous. Over the past decade mutations in genes encoding three ion channels, CACN1AS , SCN4A and KCNJ2 , have been identiﬁed and account for at least 70% of the identiﬁed cases of PP and several allelic disorders. No prospective clinical studies have followed sufﬁciently large cohorts with characterized molecular lesions to draw precise conclusions. We summarize current knowledge of the clinical diagnosis, molecular genetics, genotype–phenotype correlations, pathophysiology and treatment in the PPs. We focus on unresolved issues including (i) Are there additional ion channel defects in cases without deﬁned mutations? (ii) What is the mechanism for depolarization-induced weakness in Hypo PP? and ﬁnally (iii) Will detailed electrophysiological studies be able to correctly identify speciﬁc channel mutations? Understanding the pathophysiology of the potassium-sensitive PPs ought to reduce genetic complexity, allow subjects to be stratiﬁed during future clinical trials and increase the likelihood of observing true clinical effects. Ideally, therapy for the PPs will prevent attacks, avoid permanent weakness and improve quality of life. Moreover, understanding the skeletal muscle channelopathies will hopefully lead to insights into the more common central nervous system channel diseases such as migraine and epilepsy.
Designing a Prompting System to Facilitate the Rehabilitation of People with Acquired Brain Injury

Assistive Technologies (AT) in the form of prompting systems can help people with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) cope with cognitive impairments and executive dysfunction. Studies, however, show several factors that impact the uptake and effectiveness of AT, indicat-ing there is room for better design. To gather requirements for the development of such a system in a user-centred way, we held 2 focus groups with people with ABI who follow a rehabilitation programme (n=13), and 1 focus group with the professionals running the rehabilitation programme (n=7). We examined the common injury-induced difficulties in everyday life, the standard rehabilitation practices in the field, and the use of external aids by people with ABI. Based on the findings, we outline some initial guidelines for the design of prompting systems to improve daily functioning of people with ABI.
COPD_A_280540 25..40

NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands Abstract: The awareness of the presence and consequences of sarcopenia has significantly increased over the past decade. Sarcopenia is defined as gradual loss of muscle mass and strength and ultimately loss of physical performance associated with aging and chronic disease. The prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to age-matched controls. Current literature suggests that next to physical inactivity, COPD-specific alterations in physiological processes contribute to accelerated development of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in COPD can be assessed according to current guidelines, but during physical performance testing, ventilatory limitation should be considered. Treatment of muscle impairment can halt or even reverse sarcopenia, despite respiratory impairment. Exercise training and protein supplementation are currently at the basis of sarcopenia treatment. Furthermore, effective current and new interventions targeting the pulmonary system (eg, smoking cessation, bronchodilators and lung volume reduction surgery) may also facilitate muscle maintenance. Better understanding of disease-specific pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the accelerated development of sarcopenia in COPD will provide new leads to refine nutritional, exercise and physical activity interventions and develop pharmacological co-interventions.
Tilburg University Conditions for the asymptotic semiparametric efficiency of an omnibus estimator of dependence parameters in copula models Genest, C.; Werker, Bas

Oakes (1994) described in broad terms an omnibus semiparametric procedure for estimating the dependence parameter in a copula model when marginal distributions are treated as (infinite-dimensional) nuisance parameters. The resulting estimator was subsequently shown to be consistent and normally distributed asymptotically (Genest et al. 1995, Shih and Louis 1995). Conditions under which it is also semiparametrically efficient in large samples are given. While these requirements are met for the normal copula model (Klaassen and Wellner 1997), it is argued that this is an exception rather than the norm.
The Na + /PO 4 cotransporter SLC20A1 gene labels distinct restricted subdomains of the developing pronephros in Xenopus and zebraﬁsh embryos

The embryonic pronephric kidneys of Xenopus and zebraﬁsh serve as models to study vertebrate nephrogenesis. Recently, multiple subdomains within the Xenopus pronephros have been deﬁned based on the expression of several transport proteins. In contrast, very few studies on the expression of renal transporters have been conducted in zebraﬁsh. We have recently shown that the anterior and posterior segments of the zebraﬁsh pronephric duct may correspond to the proximal tubule and distal tubule/duct compartments of the Xenopus and higher vertebrate pronephros, respectively. Here, we report the embryonic expression pattern of the Na + /PO 4 cotransporter SLC20A1 ( PiT1/Glvr-1 ) gene encoding a type III sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter in Xenopus and zebraﬁsh. In Xenopus , SLC20A1 mRNA is expressed in the somitic mesoderm and lower level of expression is detected in the neural tube, eye, and neural crest cells. From stage 25, SLC20A1 is also detectable in the developing pronephros where expression is restricted to the late portion of the distal pronephric tubules. In zebraﬁsh, SLC20A1 is transcribed from mid-somitogenesis in the anterior part of the pronephros where its expression corresponds to the rostral portion of the expression of other proximal tubule-speciﬁc markers. Outside the pronephros, lower level of SLC20A1 expression is also observed in the posterior cardinal and caudal veins. Based on the SLC20A1 expression domain and that of other transporters, four segments have been deﬁned within the zebraﬁsh pronephros. Together, our data reveal that the zebraﬁsh and Xenopus pronephros have non-identical proximo-distal organizations.
Magnitude Representations and Counting Skills in Preschool Children

When children learn to count, they map newly acquired symbolic representations of number onto preexisting nonsymbolic representations. The nature and timing of this mapping is currently unclear. Some researchers have suggested this mapping process helps children understand the cardinal principle of counting, while other evidence suggests that this mapping only occurs once children have cardinality understanding. One difficulty with the current literature is that studies have employed tasks that only indirectly assess children’s nonsymbolic-symbolic mappings. We introduce a task in which preschoolers made magnitude comparisons across representation formats (e.g., dot arrays vs. verbal number), allowing a direct assessment of mapping. We gave this task to 60 children aged 2;7–4;10, together with counting and Give-a-Number tasks. We found that some children could map between nonsymbolic quantities and the number words of which they understood the cardinal meaning, even if they had yet to grasp the general cardinality principle of counting.
Biogeography Long-distance dispersal in amphibians

Although the distribution patterns of major amphibian lineages are mainly explained by a Pangean origin with subsequent vicariant diversification, dispersal events have exerted a strong influence on present-day distributions. Long-distance dispersal (LDD) involves movements outside the standard geographic limits and outside the genetic neighbourhood area of individuals. Although considered ‘rare’, LDD is disproportionately important to amphibian populations, species and communities. To understand the role of LDD in shaping current biogeographic patterns in these tetrapods, we reviewed the cases reported in the literature. A systematic bibliographic search was performed to obtain information on how many studies have dealt with LDD in amphibians, which methods they used, which taxa and distances were involved, and when/where events had apparently occurred. In 41 studies, we recovered at least 90 LDD events (3 active, 87 passive) involving at least 56 extant species and 38 genera. Most events (73) involved the colonization of islands, with rafting being suggested as the most conceivable means of overwater passive dispersal for these vertebrates. In this review, we show that LDD events have played an important role in shaping current amphibian biogeographic patterns, especially the occurrence of disjunct distributions and the colonization of islands. vs. juveniles vs. adults; anurans vs. salamanders vs. caecilians; terrestrial vs. aquatic vs. vs. pond-breeding
Nested Newton-type numerical model for describing single phase flows in enclosed systems

Physical phenomena tend to be difficult to simulate using mathematical models. Part of the problem lies in the fact that accurate simulations rely heavily on (limited) computational power. In order to speed up this process, new numerical methods are derived. One of these methods is the Nested Newton-type iterative method introduced by Casulli et al. [1]. The aim of this paper is to verify their new numerical method through theory and simulations. As such, a formal proof of the method is provided and several test cases have been simulated. The results of the method are very promising since the results coincide with the analytical solutions. For future research it would be interesting to perform measurements to further verify the method. Furthermore, to increase the efficiency of the method, the effects of a numerical Jordan-decomposition can be studied.
Anatomy and Phenomenology of Flavor and CP Violation in Supersymmetric Theories

We present a systematic analysis of flavor and CP violating low energy processes in the framework of the MSSM, the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. We discuss in detail the rich flavor structure of the MSSM and the implied SUSY contributions to Flavor Changing Neutral Current and CP violating observables. We outline possibilities to control dangerously large SUSY effects in well measured observables and analyse the implied predictions for those processes that are not measured with high precision, yet. We consider both the Minimal Flavor Violating MSSM and SUSY models based on flavor symmetries that show representative flavor structures in the soft SUSY breaking terms. We identify the distinctive patterns of SUSY effects in the low energy observables and emphasize that the characteristic correlations among the SUSY effects allow to distinguish between the different models.
Tropospheric volatile organic compounds in China 1

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Milk and Sialic Acid Concentrations Vary Throughout Lactation.

Background: Milk oligosaccharides (OSs) are bioactive components known to influence neonatal development. These compounds have specific physiological functions acting as prebiotics, immune system modulators, We hypothesized that day of lactation would impact the OS and SA concentrations of porcine milk, and we expand on recent research through identification of additional porcine milk OS as well as quantification of OS relative to known standards. Thus, findings from the present study may advance use of the porcine model for studying pediatric nutrition with outcomes, including how the gut microbiome, neurodevelop-ment, or immunomodulation are influenced by dietary OS. conclusion: and concentrations suggest
A Field Investigation of Air Infiltration Rates through Automatic Entrance Doors in Retail Buildings

his paper presents field investigations of air infiltration rates in twelve big-box retail stores and two small grocery stores located in two different climate zones: hot and humid (zone 2a) and moderate to cold (zone 5a) climates. The investigations of the entrance door characteristics, differential pressures across the automatic entrance doors, and number of people using the doors per hour were used to calculate transient air infiltration rates through various types of automatic entrance doors. It was found that the calculated air infiltration rates for retail stores and supermarkets ranged from 40 L/s to 5,800 L/s. Normalized by the door area, the range of air infiltration rates through the automatic entrance door for a supermarket was from 100 L/s.m2 to 3,000 L/s.m2, which was greater than the range previously observed in retail stores from 100 L/s.m2 to 1,100 L/s.m2. In terms of air exchange rates, the air infiltration rates through the automatic entrance doors for small stores, especially in supermarkets and grocery stores, had a larger impact than those rates found in the big-box retail stores due to the size of building volume.
FAIRisk Improving risk estimation with open resources

As a society, we know that we must be prepared for any hazards. Some of them are very well-known, like earthquakes or even civil conflicts; but some others are rather unexpected or, at least, very rare. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the discussion of preparedness and response to crisis to the top charts. But can we use what we observed after the break of this pandemic to increase our knowledge about worldwide risk modelling? This work used open-source globally available data from several sources, some of which are frequently used to compute risk ranks and estimate countries’ preparedness for crisis, with post-COVID-19 data to create preventive insights and suggest improvements to current risk modelling strategies. Excess mortality was used as an objective measure of the overall impact of the disease worldwide, in terms of loss of lives. Our preliminary analysis supports that there is room for improvement of current risk ranking scales, country-level attributes’ data withhold hidden relations with potential to assist conceptual risk modelling expertise, and using a single model to forecast country-level excess mortality is likely to be feasible, despite being extremely limited by the amount of available data. Moreover, this analysis showcases the potential of the combined data and further steps of future work are discussed to encourage the reusability of interoperable multimodal data and adequate open-science policies.
Gene Expression Proﬁling as a Potential Tool for Precision Oncology in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

patients in a much more reﬁned way than genomic alterations. Examples of this include the deﬁnition of intrinsic subtypes in colorectal cancer, breast, or non-small cell lung cancer tumors based on their expression patterns. Moreover, the characterization of the activity levels of the pathways involved in tumor progression and development is bound to better predict the speciﬁc response to a certain therapy than isolated biomarkers such as speciﬁc DNA alterations or the expression of single genes. This is especially relevant in the context of patients not harboring targetable alterations or those developing resistance after treatment. Abstract: Recent technological advances and the application of high-throughput mutation and transcriptome analyses have improved our understanding of cancer diseases, including non-small cell lung cancer. For instance, genomic proﬁling has allowed the identiﬁcation of mutational events which can be treated with speciﬁc agents. However, detection of DNA alterations does not fully recapitulate the complexity of the disease and it does not allow selection of patients that beneﬁt from chemo- or immunotherapy. In this context, transcriptional proﬁling has emerged as a promising tool for patient stratiﬁcation and treatment guidance. For instance, transcriptional proﬁling has proven to be especially useful in the context of acquired resistance to targeted therapies and patients lacking targetable genomic alterations. Moreover, the comprehensive characterization of the expression level of the different pathways and genes involved in tumor progression is likely to better predict clinical beneﬁt from different treatments than single biomarkers such as PD-L1 or tumor mutational burden in the case of immunotherapy. However, intrinsic technical and analytical limitations have hindered the use of these expression signatures in the clinical setting. In this review, we will focus on the data reported on molecular classiﬁcation of non-small cell lung cancer and discuss the potential of transcriptional proﬁling as a predictor of survival and as a patient stratiﬁcation tool to further personalize treatments.