Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GLOBAL LIQUIDITY AND CORPORATE FINANCING IN MEXICO

In the aftermath of the 2008 crisis, corporations in emerging market economies increased their issuance of debt securities in international financial markets under significantly better conditions. The undergoing process of normalization of monetary conditions, particularly in the U.S., poses potentially significant risks for these firms, especially as U.S. interest rates increase and exchange rates in emerging economies depreciate. This paper has two main objectives: (1) to describe the recent evolution of corporate financing in Mexico and quantify the potential adverse effects on foreign corporate debt servicing to interest rate and exchange rate shocks; and (2) to assess how changes in global liquidity may affect both the ability of large Mexican corporates to tap international financial markets and the access of large and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to domestic credit. The analysis uses a novel data set that combines credit-level data of the universe of all loans and lines of credit granted by banks and non-banks to non-financial private firms in the country, the universe of all bond placements by these same companies, and balance sheet information of bond issuing firms between 2003 and 2014. Our results suggest that the increase in global liquidity in the years following the Great Crisis significantly reduced international borrowing costs for large debt-issuing firms in Mexico, which in turn explains the rise in foreign debt placements in recent years. We illustrate that, as large firms have turned away from domestic financing sources, commercial banks in Mexico have been able to funnel more resources to SMEs–a situation that may potentially reverse once international credit conditions become more restrictive and large firms return to domestic lending markets. JEL classification: F32, F34, E44, G32 The contents of this article are the authors’ responsibility and do not necessarily reflect the views of Banco de México. The authors would like to thank seminar participants at the Second Federal Reserve Bank of New York-Banco de México Workshop and the 6th BIS CCA Research Conference for helpful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Héctor Reyes and Ana Laura Garćıa for their outstanding research assistance. All remaining errors are ours. ∗E-mail: mcarabarin@banxico.org. mx. Av. 5 de Mayo #18, Centro 06059, México, D.F. Phone: +5255 5237 3631. †E-mail: adelagarza@banxico.org. mx. Av. 5 de Mayo #18, Centro 06059, México, D.F. Phone: +5255 5237 2412. ‡E-mail: omoreno@banxico.org. mx. Av. 5 de Mayo #18, Centro 06059, México, D.F. Phone: +5255 5237 2476. 1 2 GLOBAL LIQUIDITY AND CORPORATE FINANCING IN MEXICO
Impact of nanosecond repetitively pulsed electric discharges on the ignition of methane-air mixture

This article presents an analytical model to describe plasma discharges effects on gas temperature and species dissociation that control autoignition in reactive systems. The model is constructed based on experimental and numerical results of Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed (NRP) discharges in air and evaluated against the existing experimental data. The model is fully coupled with multi-dimensional flow balance equations where detailed transport coefficients and chemical kinetic mechanism are considered. Sequence of discharge pulses in air and methane-air mixture are computed by means of Direct Numerical Simulations in quiescent and turbulent flow configurations. Gas temperature, pressure and O atoms evolution during NRP discharges in air are in good agreement with experimental results. Ignition phenomenon through NRP discharges of a methane-air mixture is analyzed. The results show an accumulation of vibrational energy in the vicinity of the discharge zone due to the former discharges prior to mixture ignition. This discharge energy stored as gas vibrational energy seems to play a minor role on the ignition process initiation. The early production of O atoms during the discharge favors the initial chain branching reactions, increasing the concentration of radicals in the vicinity of the discharge zone. The initial conditions of turbulence, such as Reynolds number, inside the discharge zone impacts on the number of pulses needed to ignite the mixture.
Using Muscle Architecture to Predict Maximum Strength and Its Relation to Activity Levels in Cerebral Palsy Patients

Background: To provide insight into the relationship between muscle architecture, muscle strength and activity level in CP. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on forty subjects divided into two groups of equal number, group A (normally development) and group B (cerebral palsy patients). All participated subjects examined for their rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscle thickness by sonography, quadriceps muscle isometric peak torque measured by isokinetic dynamometer, activity level for group B only evaluated by pediatric outcome data collection instrument (parent report and self-report). Group A evaluated for one time and group B evaluated two times at starting and after six months of physical therapy program. Results: showed direct relationship between muscle thickness measured by sonography and both muscle strength and activity level. Conclusion: muscle thickness measured by sonography can be used to evaluate muscle strength and activity level in cerebral palsy patient.
Corporate Culture and Merger Success: Evidence from Machine Learning

This paper presents new large sample evidence on the role of corporate culture in mergers and acquisitions. Our starting point is the most often-mentioned values by the S&P 500 firms on their corporate Web sites (Guiso, Sapienza, and Zingales 2015): innovation, integrity, quality, respect, and teamwork. Using the latest machine learning technique and earnings conference call transcripts, we obtain corporate cultural values for a large sample of firms over the period 2003 – 2015. We find that firms score high on the cultural values of innovation and teamwork are more likely to be acquirers, whereas firms score high on the cultural values of quality and respect are less likely to be acquirers. In terms of merger pairing, we find that firms closer in cultural values, particularly, the cultural value of quality, are more likely, whereas firms further apart in cultural values are less likely, to do a deal together. Firm-pairs sharing the dominant culture of innovation are more likely, whereas firm-pairs sharing the dominant culture of respect are less likely, to complete announced deals. Acquirer-target pairs sharing the dominant culture of respect (teamwork) take shorter (longer) time to complete announced deals. Synergies are higher when both acquirers and targets share the dominant culture of respect, post-merger buy-and-hold abnormal returns are lower when both acquirers and targets share the dominant culture of innovation. Finally, we show that merging firms sharing the dominant culture of innovation or respect are more likely, whereas merging firms further apart in cultural values are less likely, to experience retention problems post-merger. We conclude that differences in corporate culture have a significant impact on merger success.
Biological variation of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in haemodialysis patients and healthy individuals

Background Maintenance haemodialysis (HD) is associated with a very high cardiovascular risk and the assessment of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors is essential for an adequate diagnosis and management. The aim of the study has been to estimate the biological variation (BV) of serum lipids, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, 25-OH vitamin D, C-reactive protein and plasma intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) and total homocysteine, to evaluate whether HD alter the homeostatic set-point of these magnitudes. Methods Blood samples were collected from 18 HD patients in steady-state conditions, one per month during 6 months, and from 11 healthy volunteers at weekly intervals over 5 weeks. BV data were derived using CV-ANOVA. Results Within-subject coefficients of variation (CVI) and derived reference change values (RCV) estimated in HD patients were significantly higher than in healthy individuals for calcium (CVI =3.8% vs. 2.3%) (RCV =12.6% vs. 7.6%), inorganic phosphorus (13.1% vs. 8.0%) (RCV =38.7% vs. 30.1%) and PTHi (20.3% vs. 11.3%) (RCV =57.5% vs. 34.0%). Conclusions For calcium, inorganic phosphorus and PTHi, RCV derived from advanced disease-specific BV data is recommended for the management of bone-mineral disturbances in HD patients. For the rest of cardiovascular risk factors, the use of RCV derived from healthy individuals could be appropriate.
A Study of Non-Performing Assets of Commercial Banks and it’s recovery in India

The Indian banking sector has been facing serious problems of raising Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth has a direct impact on profitability of banks. Non- performing assets are one of the major concerns for scheduled commercial banks in India. The recommendations of Narasimham committee and Verma committee, some steps have been taken to solve the problem of old NPAs in the balance sheets of the banks. It continues to be expressed from every corner that there has rarely been any systematic evaluation of the best way of tackling the problem. There seems to be no unanimity in the proper policies to be followed in resolving this problem. NPAs reflect the performance of banks. A high level of NPAs suggests high probability of a large number of credit defaults that affect the profitability and net-worth of banks and also erodes the value of the asset. NPAs affect the liquidity and profitability, in addition to posing threat on quality of asset and survival of banks. The problem of NPAs is not only affecting the banks but also the whole economy. In fact high level of NPAs in Indian banks is nothing but a reflection of the state of health of the industry and trade. It is necessary to trim down NPAs to improve the financial health in the banking system. An attempt is made in this paper to understand NPA, the status and trend of NPAs in Indian Scheduled commercial banks, The factors contributing to NPAs, reasons for high impact of NPAs on Scheduled commercial banks in India and recovery of NPAS through various channels.
A Model of Animals Phenotype with Superior Growth

The aim of this study is to model and analyse a dynamic of feed conversion coefficient in pigs' ontogeny. Feed conversion is a process that couples feed intake, and growth. While there has been much research into the problem, a quantitative relation between the traits has not been revealed. The study considers feed as nutrient weight rather than its energy or a separate feedstuff. A main task of the research is to find out an analytical function between the traits. It is expected that the study will provide a new insight into the problem. Animals are open systems; they need feed to sustain life, to grow and develop. It is plausible to suppose that growth of animal is a function of feed conversion and body weight. To find out and analyse this function a deterministic model of growth was built. The model was built as a dynamic system that describes the growth of individual animals. Both continuum and discrete-time modelling techniques are employed. The model is based on a data set obtained in experiments and field observations. Theoretical notions about the growth have been used for the model analyses. It is shown that in ontogeny feed conversion and growth rate are functionally related traits. Between the traits, there is a nonlinear relation that concerns the growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient. In the model, the feed conversion coefficient is the variable that determines the dynamic of growth.
Brainstem auditory responses in type-2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus causes pathophysiological changes at multiple organs. Brainstem Evoked Response Auditory (BERA) represents a non-invasive tool to detect diabetes related sensorineural hearing loss. The aim was to assess diabetes related central auditory pathway involvement using BERA. Methods: The study comprises two groups, (i) Diabetic group (n=15), (ii) Control group (n=15). The controls were matched for age and sex with the study group. BERA was done for all these patients after detailed clinical examination and relevant blood investigations. Results: There was significant latency differences found in wave III, V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V between control and study groups at 70 dBnHL and 80 dBnHL. At 90 dBnHL the diabetic group demonstrated significant latency differences in waves I, III and V and interpeak I-III, III-V and I-V compared to controls. The duration of DM was 5-10 years in 8 patients (53.3%) out of which 7 subjects (87.5%) had prolonged BERA. 7 patients (46.6%) were diabetic for more than 10 years of which all patients (100%) had prolonged latencies. Conclusions: The wave I latency was found non significant which suggests that the pathway from 8 th nerve to cochlear nucleus is not affected in diabetic patients. The delay in latencies III and V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V in diabetic patients compared to the controls suggests brainstem and midbrain involvement. So the study suggests that BERA helps in early detection of central neuronal axis involvement in type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Managerial Incentives and Risk Taking: Evidence from Hedge Fund Leverage∗

Using novel leverage and managerial ownership measures derived from public filings, this paper examines the role of managerial incentives in the use of leverage, in the context of hedge fund industry. We find a positive and convex relationship between fund leverage and the option-like compensation incentives, with the leverage level being significantly higher as the fund’s asset under management (AUM) nears its high-water mark. We also find that funds with larger delta and vega of the option-like incentive fee contracts, take on higher leverage. Further, larger managerial ownership is associated with higher leverage when the option-like incentive fee is near the money. The findings lend support to optionlike compensation contracts and managerial ownership improving incentive alignment between fund managers and investors. Interestingly, we also find that managerial ownership and insider flows are positively related to the future raw return and risk-adjusted return, suggesting that managers may have information advantage over outside investors about future fund performance. JEL classification: G23, G32.
Assessment Of Nursing Practices Provided For Patients Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomyhas achieved the high successful rate, as a minimally invasive procedure with low cost and short recovery . So, the standards of nursing care for patients recovering from laparoscopic cholecystectomy are comprehensive which include monitoring , evaluation and treatment.Objective: To assess nursing practices provided for patients post laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Setting: The study was carried out at the InpatientSurgical Department at Alexandria Main University Hospital (MUH), Medical Research Institute Hospital and Smouha New University Hospital. Subjects: All available surgical nurses involved in providing direct nursing care for patients post laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the present study; they comprised 65 nurses working in the previous mentioned settings. Tools: One tool was used for data collection: Nurses' practices for patients post laparoscopic cholecystectomy observational checklist. Results: The current study showed that maximum scores of nurses 'practices were for administering IV therapy during the 1 st and 2 nd observations with Mean ± SD equal to 47.44 ± 21.70, 34.74 ± 22.75, respectively. While, the minimum score of nurses 'practices during the 1 st and 2 nd observations was for postoperative teaching and nursing instructions post laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Mean ± SD8.68 ± 14.33, 8.02. ±14.42, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that, the majority of the studied nurses had poor practice scores in their overall nursing practices provided for patients post Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Recommendations: Development of manual guidelines for nurses about caring of patients post laparoscopic cholecystectomy and continuing educational sessions must be organized for all surgical nurses about nursing practices provided for patients post laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Self-Efficacy as a Driver of Civic Participation in Uganda

We find that exposure to a self-efficacy intervention can motivate informationseeking action for environmental causes. Self-efficacy has been shown to be a powerful driver of behavior in a variety of contexts but there has been limited investigation into how self-efficacy is best induced in experimental settings. This study has two main aims. First it seeks to establish if interventions designed to increase self-efficacy can have an impact on outcomes related to civic participation, and second, it seeks to evaluate whether two selected methods of inducing self-efficacy result in different outcomes. ∗Busara Center, sami.horn@busaracenter.org †Busara Center, ariana.keyman@busaracenter.org Please note that this report and the data collected as part of this report are part of a private consulting engagement undertaken by the Busara Center for Behavioral Economics. This report is not the be distributed.
Composite Risk Behaviors that Enhance the Transmission of Malaria in Pregnancy

Composite Risk Behaviors that Enhance the Transmission of Malaria in Pregnancy. by John Olusegun Dada. MPH, University of Ibadan. BSc, University of Ibadan. Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health Walden University June 2017 Abstract Malaria causes high morbidity and mortality, especially among the most vulnerable populations, including pregnant women. Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) can be prevented by compliance with the 3 core measures: sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp-SP), and effective case management of malaria and anemia. The purpose of this cross-sectionalMalaria causes high morbidity and mortality, especially among the most vulnerable populations, including pregnant women. Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) can be prevented by compliance with the 3 core measures: sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), 3 doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp-SP), and effective case management of malaria and anemia. The purpose of this cross-sectional household survey was to examine the composite risk behaviors that enhance the transmission of MiP. Stratified and multistage sampling methods were used to select a sample of 300 pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted. According to study findings, participants’ mean age was 28.6 years, many (117 or 68.0% of the participants) used an ITN the night before the survey, and some (113 or 38.0%) had used SP for IPTp. Many participants (183 or 61.0%) were of high malaria risk status (MRS). The predictors of MRS were knowledge, OR 3.282, 95% CI [1.091, 9.873], p=0.03; number of pregnancy, OR=5.589, 95% CI [1.465, 21.316], p=0.01; attendance at antenatal clinic, OR= 3.777, 95% CI [1.119, 12.746], p=0.03; level of education, OR=0.050, 95 CI [0.013, 0.197], p=0.000; perceived barriers of ITN, OR=0.308, 95% CI [0.165, 0.575], p=0.000; and perceived benefits of SP for IPTp, OR=3.156, 95% CI [1.879, 5.301], p=0.000 . Perceived seriousness, perceived severity of malaria, age, and religion were not significantly related to MRS. This study leads to positive social change by providing information for policy makers to review MiP-related policies and programs to ensure quality messages, providers, and products are accessible and affordable across rural and urban settings where the target population live and work. Composite Risk Behaviors that Enhance the Transmission of Malaria in Pregnancy
How animals glide: from trajectory to morphology

Animals that glide produce aerodynamic forces that enable transit through the air in both arboreal and aquatic environments. The relative ease of gliding compared with flapping flight has led to a large diversity of taxa that have evolved some degree of flight capability. Glide paths are curved, reflecting the changing forces on the animal as it progresses through its aerial trajectory. These changing forces can be under control of the glider, which uses specific aspects of anatomy to modulate lift, drag, and rotational moments on the body. However, gliders share no single anatomical or behavioral feature, and some species are unspecialized for gliding, producing aerodynamic forces using posture and orientation alone. Animals use gliding in a broad range of ecological roles, suggesting that multiple performance metrics are relevant for consideration, but we are only beginning to understand how gliders produce and control their flight from takeoff to landing. In this review, we focus on the physical aspects of how glide trajectories are produced, and additionally discuss the range of morphologies and postures that are used to control aerial movements across the broad diversity of animal gliders.
Clinico-Serological profile of Acute Sporadic Viral Hepatitis in Kashimiri Adults: Hospital based Prospective Study

Background: There is no report on clinico-serological profile of acute viral hepatitis from the state of J & K since the discovery of hepatitis E and hepatitis C. Methods: A prospective hospital based study was conducted in a large referral hospital in Kashmir India. 56 consecutive patients with acute viral hepatitis were studied for their presentation, etiology and clinical features. Results: Acute viral hepatitis was more common in males with MF ratio of 1.33:1. Forty (71.4%) belonged to rural and 16(28.57%) to urban areas. Most commonly involved age group was 21-30 years (37%) followed by 14-20 years (25%) . Most commonly observed symptoms were Jaundice (82%), Anorexia (76.8%), and dark urine (73.2%). Only 7% patients had cholestatic features. 5.4% patients had anictric hepatitis. Hepatomegaly was observed in 68.8% and splenomegaly in 19.6%. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were not helpful in differentiating various types of hepatotropic viral hepatitis. Most common viral infections was hepatitis E(50%), followed by hepatitis B(26.7%), hepatitis A(16%), hepatitis C (3.5%) and dual infection of hepatitis A and E in(3.5%). Conclusion: Acute viral hepatitis is an important public health problem in developing countries. Most cases are due to hepatitis E, and hepatitis A continues to be an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries even in adults. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were not helpful in differentiating different types of hepatotrophic viral hepatitis.