Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving LES with OpenFOAM by minimising numerical dissipation and use of explicit algebraic SGS stress model

ABSTRACT There is a rapidly growing interest in using general-purpose CFD codes based on second-order finite volume methods for Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) in a wide range of applications, and in many cases involving wall-bounded flows. However, such codes are strongly affected by numerical dissipation and the accuracy obtained for typical LES resolutions is often poor. In the present study, we approach the problem of improving the LES capability of such codes by reduction of the numerical dissipation and use of an anisotropy-capturing subgrid-scale (SGS) stress model. The latter is of special importance for wall-resolved LES with resolutions where the SGS anisotropy can be substantial. Here we use the Explicit Algebraic (EA) SGS model [Marstorp L, Brethouwer G, Grundestam O, et al. Explicit algebraic subgrid stress models with application to rotating channel flow. J Fluid Mech. 2009;639:403–432], and comparisons are made for channel flow at friction Reynolds numbers up to 934 with the dynamic Smagorinsky model. The numerical dissipation is reduced by using an OpenFOAM based custom-built flow solver that modifies the Rhie and Chow interpolation and allows to control and minimise its effects without causing numerical instability (in viscous, fully turbulent flows). Different resolutions were used and large improvements of the LES accuracy were demonstrated for skin friction, mean velocity and other flow statistics by use of the new solver in combination with the EA SGS model. By reducing the numerical dissipation and using the EA SGS model the resolution requirements for wall-resolved LES can be significantly reduced.
Language contact and change through translation in Afrikaans and South African English : a diachronic corpus-based study

Languages are constantly changing and there are numerous reasons as to why languages change. One of these is contact-induced language change. It refers to the situation where languages synchronically influence one another in shared socio-semiotic environments. Translation is a site of language contact, but it has hardly been considered a factor in contact-induced language change. This study sets out to investigate the role of translation-induced change using an innovative corpus design developed specifically for the purpose of testing the role of translation in multilingual settings. The corpus combines a bidirectional comparable and parallel design with both synchronic and diachronic components. The corpus is furthermore divided into four time frames based on key events in South Africa’s history (1910-1947, 1948-1975, 1976-1993, 1994-2016) and four registers (creative writing, instructional writing, persuasive writing and popular writing). The corpus design, in other words, will help determine how certain linguistic features are treated the same or differently in English and Afrikaans writing, across time periods and registers, both in original writing, in translations and their source texts, and in comparable translated and non-translated texts in each language. The linguistic features selected to study the role of translation in language change are genitive variation and modality. Ultimately, the study aims to determine (a) how translation-induced language change can be differentiated from other factors that are involved in contact-induced change and (b) if there is evidence for translation-induced language change in the development of Afrikaans and South African English in the twentieth century. The results show that while it is possible to distinguish the role of translation from other factors that are involved in language change, there is limited evidence for translation-induced change in Afrikaans and South African English. This is because translators are quite aware of target-language norms, which gives the ability to adapt and normalise their translations in such a way that it closely follows the norms and linguistic tendencies of original texts in the same language.
Configuration of a newly optimized multi-cyclones unit as a fine particulate emission separator in air pollution control

Multi-cyclones separator, which consists of many miniature cyclones, works in the same principle as single cyclone in separation of particulate matter from flue gas. However, multi-cyclone is able to attain higher collection efficiency and concurrently avoid rapid increasing of pressure drop due to the usage of small diameter cyclone. The studies on multi-cyclones are very limited and lacking especially on its design configurations due to its confidentiality and commercial reason. Thus, a configuration of a newly optimized multi-cyclone unit named as MR-deDuster is discussed and assessed in this study. Six dimensions considered in the study include diameter of cyclone ( D ), diameter of vortex finder ( D e ), length of cyclone body ( L b ), length of cyclone cone ( L c ), length of vortex finder ( S ), and diameter of dust outlet ( D d ). The theoretical background of the unit was developed based on the modifications of established design equations available in literatures. The selection of the new dimension and the actual size of the unit were based on two main criteria (the performance of the unit based on its cut-diameter and the ratio of axial dimensions). The predicted cut-diameter and pressure drop of the selected dimension was 1.7 µm and 86 mm of water, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum axial ratios of the final design were L b /D = 1.6, S/D = 1, and L b -S/D = 0.7, with respect to the diameter of the cyclone.
Effect of postmenopausal status on insulin sensitivity in myanmar women

Background: Animal studies show that ovarian hormone deficiency is associated with development of insulin resistance. In women, the menopause transition marks the cessation of ovarian function and insulin sensitivity would be reduced in postmenopausal women. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the insulin sensitivity in Myanmar postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women Material and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was undertaken in non obese, normal glucose tolerant post menopausal women (n=42, BMI (mean± SD) 21.3±2.8 kg/m 2 , age 52.6±4.4 years) and premenopausal women (n=33, BMI(mean± SD) 19.7±2.2 kg/m 2 , age32.7±4.9 years). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment method of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) based on fasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin level. Blood glucose was determined by glucose oxidase method. Serum insulin was estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: No differences in fasting blood glucose level (Mean ±SD 4.87±0.51 vs. 4.76±0.63mmol/L), fasting serum insulin level [median and interquartile range (IQR) 8.1 (6.7-11.8) vs. 8.1(6.5-9.9) µ IU/ml] and HOMA-IR [median and IQR 1.7 (1.4-2.8) vs. 1.7 (1.2-2.2)] were found between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Postmenopausal status has no effect on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 36-41
Essays on Optionality and Risk

Because levered equity is an option on the firm, variations in asset idiosyncratic risk (ivol) induces a negative relationship between equity ivol and expected returns. We show that the effect is caused by the nonlinear payoff of equity and the law of one price, and is present in all but risk-neutral economies. We test the cross-sectional predictions of our theory by contrasting the ivol-return relationship at the equity and asset levels. The ivol-return relationship is stronger for equity than for assets, and stronger for more levered firms—consistent with the theory. We test also the timeseries implications of the theory. Time variation in asset ivol causes time variation in the option value of equity that translates into time varying risk factor loadings. Unconditional alpha subsequently becomes biased when asset ivol correlates with the market price of risk. We show empirically that a conditional CAPM that accounts for time variation in equity nonlinearity helps explain earlier findings that high-minuslow ivol-portfolios generate negative unconditional alpha. JEL codes: G11, G12, G13, G32
Culture Is Associated With the Experience of Long-Term Self-Concept Changes

Cultural context can affect how changes in self-concepts are either valued or tolerated. However, very little is currently known regarding how culture may differentially confer consequences to people that change their self-concepts over the course of several years. We investigated the moderating role of culture (Japan and USA) on the link between long-term (∼4 years) self-concept changes and a comprehensive set of well-being measures (hedonic, eudaimonic, and family based). We found that American’s self-concept instability was more negatively associated with one’s well-being and emotional support within one’s family than Japanese. Furthermore, Americans were particularly negatively impacted when they became less agentic and conscientious over time. One possible interpretation is that Western, individualistic cultures may discourage people from changing their identities throughout their adult life. Although American culture often espouses the sanctity of freedom, American culture may also limit people’s freedom to change how they see themselves over time.
Genesis of magnetic anomalies and magnetic properties of archaeological sediments in floodplain wetlands of the Fossa Carolina

Floodplain wetlands are complex systems influenced by many natural and anthropogenic operators. Due to the influence of high and varying groundwater table and high organic contents, geophysical prospection in wetland floodplains quickly reaches the limits of its effectiveness. At the Early Medieval canal Fossa Carolina in southwest Germany, a study design employing magnetometry, drillings, sampling, and in situ rock magnetic measurements was used for environmental magnetic interpretation of magnetic anomalies in magnetograms and sediment layers. This approach offers reliable archaeological interpretation of magnetic anomalies and magnetic properties under the site specific sedimentological conditions of a floodplain wetland. It was also found that man‐made magnetic anomalies in the floodplain are due to the genesis of different remanent magnetizations – specifically, greigite (Fe3S4) can cause distinct magnetic anomalies in floodplains that can be recognized readily in surface magnetic data.
Determination of mef genotype in Beta-hemolytic streptococci group A strains isolated from patients in Sanandaj City

Background and Aim: Increased resistance to the macrolides is probably due to excessive and inappropriate use of this type of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to investigate macrolide resistance in group A Streptococci strains isolated from clinical samples carrying mef gene and comparison of the phenotype and genotype of the mef gene carriers and prevalence of bacteria in the study population. Material and methods: Forty Beta-hemolytic streptococci pyogenes group A isolates obtained from 825 various clinical specimens by using disk agar diffusion (DAD) were studied for the presence of mefA and mefE genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by means of SPSS and Microsoft Office Excel softwares. Results: Prevalence of group A streptococcus was 4.84 % and also we found a macrolide resistance of 40% among isolates in the study population. By using D-test, the prevalence rates of phenotypes of GAS resistant to erythromycin among 8 isolates were 50% (4cases) for M-phenotyp,37.5% (3 cases) for cMLSphenotype and 12.5% (1 case) for iMLSB -phenotype 1. Among 16 isolates resistant to macrolides, 8 (50%) had mefA, one (6.25%) had mefE and 7 isolates (43.75%), didnt have mefA / E genes. Conclusion: In the present study Mphenotype had the highest frequency among GAS isolates resistant to erythromycin. Also, PCR can be used as a confirmatory routine test for interpretation of the results of anti-biogram and D-tests.
Climate change threatens micro-endemic amphibians of an important South American high-altitude center of endemism

Species inhabiting broad altitudinal gradients are particularly exposed to the effects of global climate change (GCC). Those species reaching mountain tops are the most negatively affected. Here, using ecological niche models we estimated the climate change exposure of endemic amphibians of the most important extra-Andean mountain system of Argentina: the Sierras Pampeanas Centrales. Our results pinpoint that micro-endemic amphibians of this mountain system are heavily exposed to the effects of GCC, with important constraints of suitable climatic conditions for the six analyzed species. Among the most important findings, our models predict a high probability of a total disappearance of suitable climatic conditions for two of the species, currently restricted to mountain tops. This high exposure, in synergy with their very restricted ranges, and other important human induced threats (as fish invasion and emergent diseases), pose a serious threat to these endemic species, which can enter into the “extinction pathway” in a near future if no concrete conservation actions are taken. Our findings provide additional evidence of the great negative impact of GCC in high-altitude centers of endemism.
Mitochondrial phylogeography reveals high diversity and unique divergent lineage in Indian Dugongs (Dugong dugon)

India plays a central role in dugong conservation by hosting the largest population within south Asia. Current knowledge on status of Indian dugongs is limited due to paucity of reliable ecological data. This study generates mitochondrial control region sequences from about 10% of dugong population from major dugong populations within India. These data was compared with the global data to assess genetic lineages, population structure and genetic diversity of Indian populations. Multiple analyses suggest that the Indian dugong populations are part of a single genetic cluster, comprising south Asia, northwest Indian ocean and southwest Indian ocean populations. Despite small population size, they retain high genetic diversity with unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes within south Asia. Within India, novel haplotypes were observed from all sampling sites with overall high haplotype diversity (0.85±0.04) but low nucleotide diversity (0.005±0.001). Indian populations exhibit high genetic differentiation with higher within-population variance (63.41%) than among populations (36.59%), signaling population structure. Few haplotypes were shared with Sri Lanka and southeast Asian populations, indicating potential genetic connectivity. Being the most genetically unique population within south Asia, Indian dugong populations are globally significant. We recommend that Indian Dugong populations should be managed as a Conservation Unit to ensure population recovery and long-term survival of the species.
Internalization of Character Values in Learning at Institution of English Course

The purpose of this study was to describe internalization of character values. This study used a qualitative approach. Data was collected by observation, interview, and documentation studies. The results of the study were: (1) background of internalization, namely the essence of education and business, (2) internalized character values include: religious Islam, responsibility, discipline, independent, clean, neat, friendly, honest, hard work, respect achievement, tolerance, creative, democratic, curiosity, love for the country, love to read, care for the social, caring for the environment, simple, courageous, fair and polite and polite, (3) ways to internalize regulations and sanctions, advice , exemplary, and habituation, (4) support they have in internalizing character values namely warning statement and giving prerogative or authority in the form of expenditure of students who do not want to be regulated.
Monastic Legacies: Memory and the Biography of Place

This chapter reviews recent approaches to the study of place and memory in the monastic landscape, before considering the biography of Glastonbury Abbey (Somerset) in detail. Monasteries were active in creating ritual landscapes as religious imaginaries, interweaving myth, materiality and hagiography. The Dissolution was not an abrupt end to these deeply-held beliefs, but rather a long process of renegotiating the meanings of medieval religious landscapes and their value to early modern communities.
Prevalence of Echocardiographic Indices Of Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Hypertension at a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria

Background: Hypertension is the commonest of the cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence in Nigeria is between 10-20%. It is the leading cause of various cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, stroke and renal failure in Nigeria. It can result into diastolic and/ or systolic dysfunction in the heart. Echocardiography was used to assess the prevalence of diastolic abnormalities in a population of hypertensive subjects. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diastolic abnormalities using Doppler echocardiographic parameters in a population of hypertensive patients. Patients and Methods: One hundred consecutive hypertensive patients were recruited (50 each with Stage 1 and 2 hypertension) and fifty controls . They were investigated with 2-D, M-mode and Doppler Echocardiography. The demographic parameters including age, sex, body surface area, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were taken. Results: Diastolic dysfunction was detected in 85.0% of 100 hypertensive patients. 76.0% had early diastolic dysfunction while 9% shows late diastolic dysfunction. Only 15.0% of these patients are likely to have normal diastolic function. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of diastolic function abnormalities among patients with essential hypertension. This calls for early detection with Doppler echocardiography and early therapeutic intervention to reduce the burden of diastolic heart failure in the nearest future. This study further buttresses the need for aggressive intervention in the black population with essential hypertension as they are more prone to developing heart failure and other complications due to hypertension.
Transition to oral antibiotic therapy for pyelonephritis in children under 60 days of age: An observational retrospective cohort study.

Objectives To describe the use of antibiotics and assess if an early transition from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy is generally safe in infants less than 60 days of age with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study included hospitalized infants less than 60 days with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis based on fever or systemic symptoms and a positive urine culture between January 1, 2015 and July 30, 2017 at a Canadian paediatric tertiary care centre. Results A total of 108 infants were included. Forty-eight of them were under 1 month of age. The median intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy duration was 3.5 days, with a longer duration of 4 days in infants less than 1 month of age. The total antibiotic therapy was almost equally divided between a shorter (10 days) and longer (14 days) duration. The recurrence of pyelonephritis within the 2 months following the initial urinary infection was 9 % in the group with IV antibiotic therapy duration of <4 days, compared to 11% in the group treated ≥4 days IV (P-value 0.75). There was a recurrence of pyelonephritis of 10.2% in the group treated for 10 days, compared to 11.5% of recurrence in the group treated for 14 days (P-value 1.0). Conclusions Our study provides limited retrospective data regarding the management of pyelonephritis in infants less than 60 days of age. Prospective research is needed to confirm those findings.
Teacher Perceptions on Collaborative Online Professional Development for In-Service Teachers on a MOOC Platform

: This study seeks to address the growing need for greater access to effective, on-demand, low-cost professional development (PD) through the development of a small private online course (SPOC) as a pilot test for a scale-up to a full massive open online course (MOOC). Traditional MOOCs are not designed for collaboration and social interaction among participants that build communities, which has been shown to be an important aspect of effective PD. This study provides insights in designing for collaboration on a traditional MOOC platform (in our case edX). A pilot study was run with a small group of in-service teachers to test a collaborative design with an eye to how the design will scale to a full MOOC.
Scalable Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dot Powders with Unprecedented Efficiency

It still remains a challenge to synthesize solid‐state carbon dots (CDs) with high emission efficiency; a hurdle that has hindered the application of CDs in many fields. In this work, efficient fluorescent CDs have been prepared through a one‐step microwave‐assisted heating method. Experimental data show strong green emissions produced from the CD powders (CDPs), carrying an unprecedented 75.9% quantum yield due to both spatial confinement and defect reduction with the introduction of NaOH. Likewise, CDPs prepared in tens of grams at 3 min time intervals also achieve high production yields at ≈69.8%. Specifically, for white light‐emitting devices (WLEDs) with color coordinates of 0.366 and 0.366, when fabricated by coating CDPs with commercial red‐emitting phosphors on blue‐emitting LED chips, it is found that the luminous efficiency reached 52.3 lm W−1. Besides, the WLEDs exhibit a high color rendering index of 93.5 and show great color chromatic stability even at a driving current of 200 mA.
Abdominal Trauma in adults - its outcome - a prospective study in a teritiary health care centre in Andhra Pradesh

Abdominal trauma continues to be a major cause of trauma admissions all over the world andcontributes significantly to high morbidity and mortality. A descriptive prospective study was conducted atSVRRGG hospital,Tirupathi to describe our experience on the management of abdominal trauma outlining the causes, injury characteristics and treatment outcome of these patients. A total of 100 patients were studied. Male to femaleratio was 4: 1. The most common age group affected was 31-45years. 62% of patients sustained blunt abdominalinjuries. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of injury. The spleen was the most common injured organ in bluntabdominal trauma occurring in 20% of patients while in penetrating injury; Jejenum was themost common in 40% of patients.