Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling on Magnetohydrodynamics Upper Convected Maxwell Fluid Flow Past a Flat Plate Using Spectral Relaxation Approach

The focus of this treatise is on the scrutiny of MHD heat and mass transfer motion of upper convection Maxwell (UCM) fluid in a thermally radiated flat plate. The models of the flow equations were considered when there is a temperature difference: the Cattaneo-Christov model and the Soret-Dufour mechanisms. A magnetic field of firmness was inflicted in opposition to the flow. The flow inspection is controlled by partial differential equations (PDEs). Suitable similarity variables were utilised on the PDEs to obtain a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The simplified set of ODEs shall be answered by exploiting the spectral relaxation method (SRM). The SRM is a numerical technique that solves differential equations by utilising the repetition of a sequence of operations that is iterated iteratively by first decoupling the coupled systems of equations. The magnetism was found to decline the velocity and hydrodynamic boundary layer due to the Lorentz force. The Deborah number was found to enhance the velocity contour. The Eckert number was discovered to improve the temperature profile due to the production of heat energy within the boundary layer. An increase in Prandtl number was found to enhance the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer thickness. The local skin friction and Nusselt number were found to be elevated by the increase in the Dufour parameter.
Role of dark matter haloes on the predictability of computed orbits

Aims. The predictability of a system indicates how often a computed orbit is close to a real orbit of the system, independent of its stability or chaotic nature. We explore the effect of dark halo shapes on the predictability of computed orbits in a Milky Way mean field model. We also present the sources for the low predictability found in some orbits. Methods. We derived a predictability index from the distributions of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents. We computed those distributions and analysed the evolution of their shapes when the finite-time interval sizes are varied. The predictability index can be computed using the interval lengths corresponding to the timescales when the flow dynamics leaves the local regime and enters the global regime. Results. These analyses reveal that not all chaotic orbits have the same predictability and that the predictability of some orbits is more affected than others by the orientation and shape of the dark halo. We show that the lowest predictability may be linked to strong unstable dimension variability.
Making the form fit: Repair strategies in iKalanga loanword phonology

IKalanga has borrowed extensively from English over a long period of time. The direction of borrowing is largely linked to the sociolinguistic status and role of English, which is regarded as a technologically, culturally and politically prestigious language in Africa in general and Botswana in particular. Some of the significant phonological differences between these two languages are as follows: English allows complex onsets, syllable codas and complex syllable nuclei (long vowels and diphthongs), while iKalanga, like most other Bantu languages, does not. The tense-lax distinction is phonemic in English, while in iKalanga it is not. How does iKalanga deal with these marked structures? Complex onsets and codas are repaired through vowel epenthesis, while complex syllable nuclei are simplified through glide epenthesis. Drawing insights from the constriction-based Feature Geometry (FG) model, it is shown that epenthetic vowels and glides are products of spreading. Our overall analysis employs analytical tools from classical Optimality Theory (OT), the central idea of which is that surface forms of language reflect resolutions of conflicts between competing constraints. OT provides us with descriptive terminology and a theoretical mechanism for a principled and systematic expression of the generalisations presented in this article. We demonstrate the constraint interaction that determines the phonological structure of loanwords in iKalanga.
Reconnection Acceleration in Saturn’s Dayside Magnetodisk: A Multicase Study with Cassini

Recently, rotationally driven magnetic reconnection was first discovered in Saturn’s dayside magnetosphere. This newly confirmed process could potentially drive bursty phenomena at Saturn, i.e., pulsating energetic particles and auroral emissions. Using Cassini’s measurements of magnetic fields and charged particles, we investigate particle acceleration features during three magnetic reconnection events observed in Saturn’s dayside magnetodisk. The results suggest that the rotationally driven reconnection process plays a key role in producing energetic electrons (up to 100 keV) and ions (several hundreds of kiloelectron volts). In particular, we find that energetic oxygen ions are locally accelerated at all three reconnection sites. Isolated, multiple reconnection sites were recorded in succession during an interval lasting for much less than one Saturn rotation period. Moreover, a secondary magnetic island is reported for the first time at the dayside, collectively suggesting that the reconnection process is not steady and could be “drizzle-like. ” This study demonstrates the fundamental importance of internally driven magnetic reconnection in accelerating particles in Saturn’s dayside magnetosphere, and likewise in the rapidly rotating Jovian magnetosphere and beyond.
Sedimentation of particles with very small inertia II: Derivation, Cauchy problem and hydrodynamic limit of the Vlasov-Stokes equation

We consider the sedimentation of $N$ spherical particles with identical radii $R$ in a Stokes flow in $\mathbb R^3$. The particles satisfy a no-slip boundary condition and are subject to constant gravity. The dynamics of the particles is modeled by Newton's law but with very small particle inertia as $N$ tends to infinity and $R$ to $0$. In a mean-field scaling we show that the evolution of the $N$-particle system is well approximated by the Vlasov-Stokes equation. In contrast to the transport-Stokes equation considered in the first part of this series, \cite{HoferSchubert23}, the Vlasov-Stokes equation takes into account the (small) inertia. Therefore we obtain improved error estimates. We also improve previous results on the Cauchy problem for the Vlasov-Stokes equation and on its convergence to the transport-Stokes equation in the limit of vanishing inertia. The proofs are based on relative energy estimates. In particular, we show new stability estimates for the Vlasov-Stokes equation in the $2$-Wasserstein distance. By combining a Lagrangian approach with a study of the energy dissipation, we obtain uniform stability estimates for arbitrary small particle inertia. We show that a corresponding stability estimate continues to hold for the empirical particle density which formally solves the Vlasov-Stokes equation up to an error. To this end we exploit certain uniform control on the particle configuration thanks to results in the first part \cite{HoferSchubert23}.
Factors affecting dividends policy: An Empirical Investigation of Real Estate Sector Listed in EGX

: The aim of this paper is to examine the dividends policy determinants in real estate, property, and building construction companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) over the period 2012-2020. The study utilizes panel data analysis. The model will be tested by three statistical analysis methods which are: (1) Panel least squares regression which provides a useful benchmark, (2) two-step generalized methods of moments (GMM) to control for endogeneity
Large displacements and rotations of a local linear elastic rod

The Local Linear Timoshenko (LLT) model for the planar motion of a rod that undergoes flexure, shear and extension, was recently derived in Van Rensburg et al. (2021). In this paper we present an algorithm developed for this model. The algorithm is based on the mixed finite element method, and projections into finite dimensional subspaces are used for dealing with nonlinear forces and moments. The algorithm is used for an investigation into elastic waves propagated in the LLT rod. Interesting properties of the LLT rod include the increased propagation speed of elastic waves when compared to the linear Timoshenko beam, and the appearance of buckled states or equilibrium solutions for compressed LLT beams. It is also shown that the LLT rod is applicable to large displacements and rotations for a wide range of slender elastic objects; from beams to highly slender flexible rods.
Pressure Gradient, Power, and Energy of Vortices

We consider small vortices, such as tornadoes, dust devils, waterspouts, small hurricanes at low latitudes, and whirlpools, for which the Coriolis force can be neglected, and hence within which the flow is cyclostrophic. Such vortices are (at least approximately) cylindrically symmetrical about a vertical axis through the center of a calm central region or eye of radius reye. In the region reye≤r≤rmax fluid (gas or liquid) circulates about the eye with speed v∝rn(n<0). We take rmax to be the outer periphery of the vortex, where the fluid speed is reduced to that of the surrounding wind field (in the cases of tornadoes, dust devils, water-spouts, and small hurricanes at low latitudes) or deemed negligible (in the case of whirlpools). If n=-1, angular momentum is conserved within the fluid itself; if n≠-1, angular momentum must be exchanged with the surroundings to ensure conservation of total angular momentum. We derive the steepness and upper limit of the pressure gradients in vortices. We then discuss the power and energy of vortices. We compare the kinetic energy of atmospheric vortices and the power required to maintain them against frictional dissipation with the same quantities for Earth’s atmosphere as a whole. We explain why the kinetic energy of atmospheric vortices must be replaced on much shorter timescales than is the case for Earth’s atmosphere as a whole. Comparisons of cyclostrophic flow with geostrophic and friction-balanced flows are then provided. We then consider an analogy that might be drawn, at least to some extent, with gravitational systems, considering mainly spherically-symmetrical and cylindrically-symmetrical ones. Generation of kinetic energy at the expense of potential energy in fluid vortices, in geostrophic and friction-balanced flows, and in gravitational systems is then discussed. We explain the variations of pressure and gravitational gradients corresponding to generation of kinetic energy equaling, exceeding, and falling short of frictional dissipation. In the Appendix, we describe a simple method for maximizing power extraction from environmental fluid (water or air) flows, which is also applicable to artificial (e.g., internal combustion) engines. In summary, we provide an overview of features and energetics of Earth’s environmental fluid flows (focusing largely on vortices) and of gravitational analogies thereto that, even though mainly semiquantitative, hopefully may be helpful.
Relationship of selected physical, anthropometrical and physiological parameters to performance of university male kabaddi players

Kabaddi is a combative team game played with absolutely no equipment on a rectangular court either outdoor or indoor with seven players on the ground in each side. The game is played into two halves of 20 minutes each with an interval of 5 minutes. The present study was carried out with the aim to find out the relationship between kabaddi performances and selected physical fitness variables as well as physiological parameters of university male kabaddi players. One hundred and eighty kabaddi players were selected for the present study. The physical fitness variables included speed, agility, power, flexibility, pull ups and endurance. Anthropometrical variables were height, weight, arm length, leg length and trunk length. The physiological parameters included resting pulse rate and breath holding time. All the physical fitness variables and physiological parameters were measured by using standardized test. The performance was measured by using subjects rating of 10-point rating scale. The study revealed that speed, leg explosive power and endurance were significantly correlated with performance. Agility, arm power, flexibility, resting pulse rate and breath holding time were not significantly correlated with performance.
Application of Generalized Regression Neural Network for drying of sliced bitter gourd in a halogen dryer

The influence of various drying characteristics in the experiment was explored in this study. The drying time and moisture content were used to evaluate the experimental outcomes. The drying of bitter gourd slices using a halogen dryer was done at varied thicknesses (3, 5, and 7 mm) and temperatures (60 °C, 65 °C and 70 °C). The results revealed that the drying time and equilibrium moisture content are considerably affected by the material drying thickness and drying temperature. Furthermore, the Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model is employed in this study to train and predict the moisture content of bitter gourd as an output parameter. The temperature, bitter gourd thickness, and drying time were considered as input parameters for the GRNN model. Three statistic measures as the R-square, the Root mean square error (RMSE) and the Mean relative percent error (P) were used to validate the accuracy of the trained GRNN model. In training with nine experimental condition datasets, the average score values of R-square, RMSE and P were obtained at 0.995197, 1.498966 and 0.091617, respectively. The test of trained GRNN has been conducted with good agreement between experimental data points and predicted points. The result revealed that GRNN was effective in predicting the moisture content of bitter gourd in a halogen dryer.
Developing disaster management plan of emergency unit at Minia University Hospital

Background: Recently, the world has been exposed to many disasters that threatened the country's security and economy; as well directed the world to consider how to confront those disasters by making proposed plans to confront future disasters; in which this will increase the world's awareness of how to deal with disasters and avoid the complications of their occurrence. Aim: to develop a disaster management plan for the Emergency Unit at Minia University Hospital. Setting: The study was carried out in the Emergency Unit at Minia University Hospital. Subject: Purposive sample of jury group who are expert in the disaster management (31). Tools: One tool was used in this study as the Disaster Management Plan Opinionnaire Sheet. Results: shows that; the majority of the jury group had “moderate response” for all items in the initial phase of the proposed disaster management plan and became “very high response” for all items in the final phase. Also, the sample size and the responses of the jury group were adequate by using (KMO = 0.801). The total Cronbach's Alpha value for the proposed disaster management plan was good (0.875); where the specific reliability coefficients of the proposed plan dimension ranged from (0.844 to 0.990). Conclusion: Overall, the current study concluded that the validity and the reliability of the developed proposed disaster management plan were satisfactory. Recommendations: All hospitals should develop an essential rapid updating plan to confronting any disaster according to their special structure.
Mathematical aspects of quantum mechanics with non-self-adjoint operators

The thesis submitted is focused on various aspects of unbounded non-selfadjoint operators and their role in quantum mechanics. Becausc of the absence of the speetral theorem and varialional principles, the non-self adjoini operátor theoty represents a mathematical challenge and leads to new phenomena. On the side of physics, Scholtz. Geyer and Hahne (1992) introduced representatíon oť quan­ tum mechanieal observables by operators that are generalizations of self-adjoint operators. These operators. called quasi-self adjoint operators. are similar to selfadjoint ones. This approach was an important motivation for the results in the presem thesis. The author (together with his eollaborators) devcloped the theoty of non-self adjoint operators during an extensive researeh over more than 10 years. 1 am going to mention only some of his main achievements.
Bioinformatic Identification of Potential RNA Alterations on the Atrial Fibrillation Remodeling from Human Pulmonary Veins

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent persistent arrhythmia. Many genes have been reported as a genetic background for AF. However, most transcriptome analyses of AF are limited to the atrial samples and have not been evaluated by multiple cardiac regions. In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of protein-coding and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in six cardiac regions by RNA-seq. Samples were donated from six subjects with or without persistent AF for left atria, left atrial appendages, right atria, sinoatrial nodes, left ventricles, right ventricles, and pulmonary veins (PVs), and additional four right atrial appendages samples were collected from patients undergoing mitral valve replacement. In total, 23 AF samples were compared to 23 non-AF samples. Surprisingly, the most influenced heart region in gene expression by AF was the PV, not the atria. The ion channel-related gene set was significantly enriched upon analysis of these significant genes. In addition, some significant genes are cancer-related lncRNAs in PV in AF. A co-expression network analysis could detect the functional gene clusters. In particular, the cancer-related lncRNA, such as SAMMSON and FOXCUT, belong to the gene network with the cancer-related transcription factor FOXC1. Thus, they may also play an aggravating role in the pathogenesis of AF, similar to carcinogenesis. In the least, this study suggests that (1) RNA alteration is most intense in PVs and (2) post-transcriptional gene regulation by lncRNA may contribute to the progression of AF. Through the screening analysis across the six cardiac regions, the possibility that the PV region can play a role other than paroxysmal triggering in the pathogenesis of AF was demonstrated for the first time. Future research with an increase in the number of PV samples will lead to a novel understanding of the pathophysiology of AF.
Effect of Continuity Plate Eccentricity on the Performance of Welded Beam-to-Column Connections

Beam-to-column connections in structural steel buildings may have varying degrees of rotational restraint and varying degrees of moment transfer. In fully restrained moment connections, shear is typically transferred through the beam web, while the moment is mostly transferred through the beam flanges which create tension/compression force couples. Column sections that are incapable of resisting these flange forces are often retrofitted with continuity plates within the connection region to improve capacity. In cases of unequal beam depths on either side of the column, an eccentricity between the framed-in beam flange and continuity plate may be required; however, limited research exists to provide guidance on an acceptable level of eccentricity. This thesis describes a parametric finite element investigation into the performance of beam-to-column moment connections having unequal beam depths and eccentric continuity plate detailing. A total of 12 detailed finite element analyses considering two column sections (W14x132 and W21x147 sections) and six levels of connection eccentricity (ranging from 0 to 6 in.) were considered. Modeling techniques considered for the parametric investigation were validated against experiments performed from the literature. Increasing the level of eccentricity between the beam flange and continuity plate resulted in decreased continuity plate participation; however, unlike current code recommendations, noticeable participation (up to 10% additional flange capacity for a W14x132 column) was observed for eccentricities up to 4 in. A new design equation for determining beam-to-column connection capacities for configurations having eccentricities is proposed.
On maximum likelihood estimation for a general non-homogeneous Poisson process

Non-homogeneous Poisson processes (NHPPs) have been widely used in the study of software reliability. The statistical analysis for NHPPs is of interest to both theoreticians and practitioners. In this paper, maximum likelihood estimation under time-truncated sampling is studied for parametric NHPP software reliability models with bounded mean value functions. It is shown that the maximum likelihood estimators need not be consistent or asymptotically normal. The asymptotic distribution is derived for a specific NHPP model.
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies critical transcription factors of tumor cell invasion induced by hypoxia microenvironment in glioblastoma

Rationale: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant primary brain cancer with poor survival. Hypoxia is a hallmark of GBM, which promotes tumor cells spreading (invasion) into the healthy brain tissue. Methods: To better elucidate the influence of hypoxia on GBM invasion, we proposed a data-driven modeling framework for predicting cellular hypoxia (CHPF) by integrating single cell transcriptome profiling and hypoxia gene signatures. Results: We characterized the hypoxia status landscape of GBM cells and observed that hypoxic cells were only present in the tumor core. Then, by investigating the cell-cell communication between immune cells and tumor cells, we discovered significant interaction between macrophages and tumor cells in hypoxic microenvironment. Notably, we dissected the functional heterogeneity of tumor cells and identified a hypoxic subpopulation that had highly invasive potential. By constructing cell status specific gene regulatory networks, we further identified 14 critical regulators of tumor invasion induced by hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we confirmed that knocking down two critical regulators CEBPD and FOSL1 could reduce the invasive ability of GBM under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, we revealed the therapeutic effect of Axitinib and Entinostat through the mice model. Conclusion: Our work revealed the critical regulators in hypoxic subpopulation with high invasive potential in GBM, which may have practical implications for clinical targeted-hypoxia cancer drug therapy.
Effect of Fungicide Treatment on Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence in French Wheat during a 4-Year Period

Wheat represents one of the most widely consumed cereals worldwide. Cultivated in winter and spring, it is vulnerable to an array of different pathogens, including fungi, which are managed largely through the in-field application of fungicides. During this study, a 4-year field investigation (2018–2021) was performed in France, aiming to assess the efficacy of fungicide treatment to reduce mycotoxin contamination in common and durum wheat. Several different commercially available fungicides were applied via sprayers. Concentrations of mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in wheat were determined using a multi-analyte liquid-chromatography–tandem-mass-spectrometry-based method. The highest contamination levels and strongest effects of fungicides were observed in 2018, followed by 2021. A significant fungicide-mediated reduction was observed for the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, nivalenol, and nivalenol-3-glucoside. Furthermore, fungicide treatment also reduced levels of culmorin and its hydroxy metabolites 5- and 15-hydroxy-culmorin, as well as aurofusarin. Interestingly, the Alternaria metabolite infectopyron was increased following fungicide treatment. In conclusion, fungicide treatment was effective in reducing mycotoxin levels in wheat. However, as complete prevention of mycotoxin contamination was not achieved, fungicide treatment should always be combined with other pre- and post-harvest mycotoxin mitigation strategies to improve food and feed safety.