Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A framework for studying turbulent boundary layer interaction with anisotropic compliant surface

A computational framework is proposed for studying the interaction of turbulent boundary layer with a compliant anisotropic coating inspired by dolphin skin. Dolphin skin is a natural anisotropic surface with longitudinal rows of stiff dermal ridges and controllable dermal papillae. The papillae can be regulated by blood supply and innervation. Here, we are interested in determining whether the anisotropic design of dolphin skin can regulate the coherent structures of the turbulent boundary layer. Given that the dynamics of the turbulent boundary layer over flexible surface are affected by several parameters, a hierarchical modeling approach is introduced. A resolvent flow analysis is formulated for the most critical conditions. In addition, a coupled fluid-structure interaction model has been developed for dolphin-inspired complex anisotropic viscoelastic solid layers and tested for sample flow conditions.
Dark satisfaction in Guanajuato’s Mummies Museum visitors

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the determinants of the degree of visit satisfaction to the Guanajuato Mummies Museum. The study contributes to the literature related to perceptions and attitudes of museum visitors, by identifying what factors explain the satisfaction with the visit; as to the best of our knowledge, no similar investigation has been carried out yet. Methods: A survey was used to collect the data (n=392) from national and foreign visitors of the said museum, containing sociodemographic variables, opinions and feelings of the visitors and information about the visit. Data analysis was conducted with an ordered Logit model. Results: Findings indicate that opinions about the activity of the museum, the guided tour and the rest area are the most significant determinants of visitors’ satisfaction, while the library and facilities for the disabled are moderately important. Feelings of enjoyment, tiredness or boredom marginally affect visitors’ satisfaction. Implications: Knowledge of the satisfaction factors can guide marketing strategies and direct the training of personnel as recommended by ICOM (International Council of Museums) to continue contributing to the improvement of services offered, increasing the levels of satisfaction, and leading to repeat visits.
Adaptive Risk-Limiting Comparison Audits

Risk-limiting audits (RLAs) are rigorous statistical procedures meant to detect invalid election results. RLAs examine paper ballots cast during the election to statistically assess the possibility of a disagreement between the winner determined by the ballots and the winner reported by tabulation. The design of an RLA must balance risk against efficiency: "risk" refers to a bound on the chance that the audit fails to detect such a disagreement when one occurs; "efficiency" refers to the total effort to conduct the audit.The most efficient approaches—when measured in terms of the number of ballots that must be inspected—proceed by "ballot comparison. " However, ballot comparison requires an (untrusted) declaration of the contents of each cast ballot, rather than a simple tabulation of vote totals. This "cast-vote record table" (CVR) is then spot-checked against ballots for consistency. In many practical settings, the cost of generating a suitable CVR dominates the cost of conducting the audit which has prevented widespread adoption of these sample-efficient techniques.We introduce a new RLA procedure: an "adaptive ballot comparison" audit. In this audit, a global CVR is never produced; instead, a three-stage procedure is iterated: 1) a batch is selected, 2) a CVR is produced for that batch, and 3) a ballot within the batch is sampled, inspected by auditors, and compared with the CVR. We prove that such an audit can achieve risk commensurate with standard comparison audits while generating a fraction of the CVR. We present three main contributions: (1) a formal adversarial model for RLAs; (2) definition and analysis of an adaptive audit procedure with rigorous risk limits and an associated correctness analysis accounting for the incidental errors arising in typical audits; and (3) an analysis of efficiency.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC O157:H7) in Raw Beef samples collected from abattoirs and Meat Vendors in Ile Ife and its environs, South-West, Nigeria

Nigeria bears a large burden of foodborne diseases in Africa, and the second leading causes of premature deaths in Africa is linked to diarrheal diseases. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC O157:H7) causes an asymptomatic infection to severe diarrhea and/or hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans which are serious health conditions that calls for serious health concern. The present investigation was done to study the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains isolated from raw meat samples. Raw beef samples were collected from abattoirs and retail outlets in three local government areas (LGAs) in Ile- Ife axis namely: Ife North, Ife Central and Ife East for isolation and identification of EHEC O157:H7. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify EHEC O157:H7 and antibiotics susceptibility pattern was carried out on the isolates to determine their susceptibility or otherwise. EHEC O157 was detected in 16% of meat samples from Abbatoirs slabs and 33% from meat vendors and retailers. EHEC O157 was not detected in one of the beef samples obtained from a particular Abbatoir. The EHEC O157:H7 isolates were found to be most susceptible to meropenem (91.50%) followed by vancomycin (90.80%) and ceftazidime (88.8%). Isolates were found to be most resistant to ampicillin (90.85%), followed by chloramphenicol (86.93%) and cefixime (85.63%). Furthermore, isolates were resistant to a range of more than five antibiotics and three classes of antibiotics, depicting multi drug resistance pattern. Five isolates were resistant to ampicillin, two isolates to streptomycin and three isolates to chloramphenicol. One isolate was resistant to two drugs and another to three drugs. The present study shows a bit higher prevalence of EHEC O157 in beef sold directly at abattoirs. Considering, the high infective dose of this pathogen and the deep-rooted tradition of consuming raw or undercooked beef, the current prevalence should not be considered lightly from a public health perspective.
CAN-21-3714 2281..2297

Chemotherapy Coupled to Macrophage Inhibition Induces T-cell and B-cell Infiltration and Durable Regression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Swarnima Singh, Nigel Lee, Diego A. Pedroza, Igor L. Bado, Clark Hamor, Licheng Zhang, Sergio Aguirre, Jingyuan Hu, Yichao Shen, Yitian Xu, Yang Gao, Na Zhao, Shu-Hsia Chen, Ying-Wooi Wan, Zhandong Liu, Jeffrey T. Chang, Daniel Hollern, Charles M. Perou, Xiang H.F. Zhang, and Jeffrey M. Rosen
Few Shot Hematopoietic Cell Classification

We propose a few shot learning approach for the problem of hematopoietic cell classification in digital pathology. In hematopoiesis cell classification, the classes correspond to the different stages of the cellular maturation process. Two consecutive stage categories are considered to have a neighborhood relationship, which implies a visual similarity between the two categories. We propose RelationVAE which incorporates these relationships be-tween hematopoietic cell classes to robustly generate more data for the classes with limited training data. Specifically, we first model these relationships using a graphical model, and propose RelationVAE, a deep generative model which implements the graphical model. RelationVAE is trained to optimize the lower bound of the pairwise data likelihood of the graphical model. In this way, it can identify class level features of a specific class from a small number of input images together with the knowledge transferred from visually similar classes, leading to more robust sample synthesis. The experiments on our collected hematopoietic dataset show the improved results of our proposed RelationVAE over a base-line VAE model and other few shot learning methods. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/cvlab-stonybrook/hematopoiesis-relationvae.
HyperHound: a Framework for Hyperspectral Image Analysis and Target Detection using Deep Learning Models

Hyperspectral images have shown great potential for the target detection task. These images collect the reflectance physical value over a large electromagnetic spectrum providing a fingerprint that characterizes uniquely distinct materials. In this work, a framework is developed to recognize different materials using several approaches ranging from classical methods to deep learning ones. Different learning paradigms are investigated considering both supervised and self-supervised methods. The main difference between these approaches concerns the labeling process. Indeed, while the former method requires labeling the data, the latter approach is based on pseudo-labels generation described in this contribution.
Raptorial appendages of the Cambrian apex predator Anomalocaris canadensis are built for soft prey and speed

The stem-group euarthropod Anomalocaris canadensis is one of the largest Cambrian animals and is often considered the quintessential apex predator of its time. This radiodont is commonly interpreted as a demersal hunter, responsible for inflicting injuries seen in benthic trilobites. However, controversy surrounds the ability of A. canadensis to use its spinose frontal appendages to masticate or even manipulate biomineralized prey. Here, we apply a new integrative computational approach, combining three-dimensional digital modelling, kinematics, finite-element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to rigorously analyse an A. canadensis feeding appendage and test its morphofunctional limits. These models corroborate a raptorial function, but expose inconsistencies with a capacity for durophagy. In particular, FEA results show that certain parts of the appendage would have experienced high degrees of plastic deformation, especially at the endites, the points of impact with prey. The CFD results demonstrate that outstretched appendages produced low drag and hence represented the optimal orientation for speed, permitting acceleration bursts to capture prey. These data, when combined with evidence regarding the functional morphology of its oral cone, eyes, body flaps and tail fan, suggest that A. canadensis was an agile nektonic predator that fed on soft-bodied animals swimming in a well-lit water column above the benthos. The lifestyle of A. canadensis and that of other radiodonts, including plausible durophages, suggests that niche partitioning across this clade influenced the dynamics of Cambrian food webs, impacting on a diverse array of organisms at different sizes, tiers and trophic levels.
Foraging history of individual elephants using DNA metabarcoding

Individual animals should adjust diets according to food availability. We used DNA metabarcoding to construct individual-level dietary timeseries for elephants from two family groups in Kenya varying in habitat use, social position and reproductive status. We detected at least 367 dietary plant taxa, with up to 137 unique plant sequences in one fecal sample. Results matched well-established trends: elephants tended to eat more grass when it rained and other plants when dry. Nested within these switches from ‘grazing’ to ‘browsing’ strategies, dietary DNA revealed seasonal shifts in food richness, composition and overlap between individuals. Elephants of both families converged on relatively cohesive diets in dry seasons but varied in their maintenance of cohesion during wet seasons. Dietary cohesion throughout the timeseries of the subdominant ‘Artists’ family was stronger and more consistently positive compared to the dominant ‘Royals’ family. The greater degree of individuality within the dominant family's timeseries could reflect more divergent nutritional requirements associated with calf dependency and/or priority access to preferred habitats. Whereas theory predicts that individuals should specialize on different foods under resource scarcity, our data suggest family bonds may promote cohesion and foster the emergence of diverse feeding cultures reflecting links between social behaviour and nutrition.
Thermal and Surface Area Properties of Micro and Nano Sized Pumice

Raw pumice samples were modified with nano carbon black, borax, and nano carbon-borax using the sol-gel method by applying surface modification processes, and the changes in the thermal behavior of the surface modification of the raw pumice were studied by characterizing them with FE-SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, BET and TGA-DTA. In the analyses made with FE-SEM, it was observed that the surface and pore structure of the raw pumice changed after the modified process, and in the EDX analysis, it was determined that nano carbon black and borax adhered to the surface of the raw pumice. In the XRD results, no change in the crystal structure of the raw pumice was observed after the modified treatment. TGA-DTA analysis showed that the mass loss of raw pumice (P) was greater than pumice-nano carbon black (PC), pumice-borax (PB), and pumice-borax-nano carbon black (PBC). Accordingly, raw pumice showed a mass loss of approximately 25%, pumice-borax (PB) and pumice-nano carbon black (PC) 0.45%, and pumice-borax-nano carbon black (PBC) nearly 3%. According to the BET analysis results, it was determined that the raw pumice has a surface area of 28.126 m2/g. After the surface modification process, the surface area of the raw pumice was determined as 52.127 m2/g in the pumice-nano carbon black sample, 49.125 m2/g in the pumice-borax sample, and 32.523 m2/g in the pumice-borax-carbon black sample. Considering the data obtained, the best surface properties were showed in pumice-nano carbon black (PC). Research results showed that; the modification process with nano carbon black and borax changed the thermal behavior of raw pumice.
The role of boundary‐layer friction on tropical cyclogenesis and subsequent intensification

A recent idealized, high‐resolution, numerical model simulation of tropical cyclogenesis is compared with a simulation in which the surface drag is set to zero. It is shown that, while spin‐up occurs in both simulations, the vortex in the one without surface drag takes over twice as long to reach its intensification begin time. When surface friction is not included, the inner core size of the simulated vortex is considerably larger and the subsequent vortex intensity is significantly weaker than in the case with friction. In the absence of surface drag, the convection eventually develops without any systematic organization and lies often outside the radius of azimuthally averaged maximum tangential winds. The results underscore the crucial role of friction in organizing deep convection in the inner core of the nascent vortex and raise the possibility that the timing of tropical cyclogenesis in numerical models may have an important dependence on the boundary‐layer parametrization scheme used in the model.
Sizing a Small Tidal Inlet for Restoration

ABSTRACT Chan, M.C. , 2023. Sizing a small tidal inlet for restoration. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(4), 610–624. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal inlets located on active shorelines can be vulnerable to shoaling and closure. It is not uncommon for some of these inlets to fall under the category of small tidal inlets with cross-sectional areas <100 m2 and to be transitional in stability characteristics such that neither the classic large-inlet O'Brien-Jarrett equilibrium formulas nor the small-inlet Byrne stability criteria apply fully. The Flax Pond inlet, a dual-jettied small inlet located on the south shore of Long Island Sound, New York, is an example of this class of inlets. The inlet, which connects Flax Pond, a degraded tidal marsh embayment, to Long Island Sound, was analyzed to support a proposed plan to reconstruct the twin jetties and restore the pond's tidal prism to its conditions in the early 1970s to prevent further loss of wetland and ecosystem diversity. The lack of directly suitable stability criteria presented a challenge because an extrapolative use of unsuitable criteria could entail unacceptable risks. The issue necessitated a comprehensive, process-driven analysis of the littoral and inlet conditions to frame a solution. An approach involving multiple stability criteria was followed to determine the inlet dimensions needed to achieve the restoration objectives. It was demonstrated that, with a process-based understanding and informed assumptions, a transitional small inlet can be sized with reasonable confidence.
Illustrated catalog of world Promecheilidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)

Abstract. The family Promecheilidae Lacordaire, 1859 (= Perimylopidae St. George, 1939) has experienced a broad systematic redefinition and changes to its taxonomic composition during the last decade. Ten genera comprise this relatively small lineage, which is geographically restricted to the Holantarctic region. We further transfer the genus Dolphus Blanchard, 1847 from Tenebrionidae to Promecheilidae. The latter monotypic genus has been taxonomically problematic since its description due to the unique holotype being destroyed during its original species description. A full taxonomic catalog for the family is provided with type localities and references to synonymies, new combinations, and other nomenclatural changes. The catalog is illustrated with high-resolution images of type specimens housed in the Natural History Museum, London.
The effect of tree-on-tree interactions and abiotic conditions on woody communities in Brazilian savannas

Abstract Fire plays a crucial role in shaping plant communities in South American savannas. However, the impact of biotic interactions on tree communities still needs to be better explored. In this study, we evaluated the influence of tree-on-tree interactions and abiotic conditions on the structure and diversity of woody communities in savannas of Central Brazil. We used plots of 10 × 10 m in three preservation areas of savanna to assess the abundance and composition of juveniles and adults in woody communities associated with two Apocynaceae tree species: Hancornia speciosa, postulated to show negative interactions with the associated tree community, and Himatanthus obovatus, postulated to show positive interactions. Our results revealed that while abiotic factors, represented by the altitude, are more critical in shaping the community of juvenile trees, tree-on-tree interactions have a stronger influence on adult tree populations, driving community dynamics during plant recruitment. Specifically, Hancornia speciosa reduces the abundance of adults, whereas Himatanthus obovatus enhances their relative abundance; both shape the composition of tree communities. Consequently, tree-on-tree interactions create distinct mosaics at various stages of regeneration, contributing to savanna dynamics and conservation.
N-enriched biochar increases carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation associated with changes in plant ecological stoichiometry in subtropical rice paddy fields

Summary N-enriched biochar can increase the accumulation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and biomass in rice plants. On the other hand, the biomass and C, N, and P contents of plant organs are important indicators to reflect plant C, N, and P storages. We established control, 4 t ha−1, and 8 t ha−1 N-enriched biochar treatment plots in a subtropical paddy field in China to investigate the effect of these treatments on C, N, and P storages, ecological stoichiometry in various rice plant organs, and their relationships with edaphic factors. The application of N-enriched biochar increased the biomass and storages of C, N, and P in rice roots, stems, leaves, and grains, mainly at 4 t ha−1. The application of N-enriched biochar decreased the C/N and C/P ratios of rice organs, but increased their N/P ratio. Changes in C/N were mainly due to the changes in storage, while N/P was positively correlated with N storage of stems, leaves, and grains and negatively correlated with P storage in roots. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that pH was negatively correlated, and soil N content was positively correlated with P storage in various organs of rice. In addition, soil P content and chlorophyll were positively correlated with N storage. In conclusion, we found that the application of N-enriched biochar improved plant N and P storage and stoichiometrical relations among rice organs.
Calculation of internal-wave-driven instability and vortex shedding along a flat bottom

Abstract The instability and vortex shedding in the bottom boundary layer caused by internal solitary waves of depression propagating along a shallow pycnocline of a fluid are computed by finite-volume code in two dimensions. The calculated transition to instability agrees very well with laboratory experiments (Carr et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 20, issue 6, 2008, 06603) but disagrees with existing computations that give a very conservative instability threshold. The instability boundary expressed by the amplitude depends on the depth $d$ of the pycnocline divided by the water depth $H$, and decays by a factor of 2.2 when $d/H$ is 0.21, and by a factor of 1.6 when $d/H$ is 0.16, and the stratification Reynolds number increases by a factor of 32. The instability occurs at moderate amplitude at large scale. The calculated oscillatory bed shear stress is strong in the wave phase and increases with the scale. Its non-dimensional magnitude at stratification Reynolds number 650 000 is comparable to the turbulent stress that can be extracted from field measurements of internal solitary waves of similar nonlinearity, moving along a pycnocline of similar relative depth.
The learning experiences and musical proficiencies of formal and informal popular musicians in Malaysia

This article explored the relationships between the learning experiences and musical proficiencies of a formal and an informal popular musician in Malaysia. The presence and impact of formal popular music education within popular music culture is become increasingly harder to ignore, and while this phenomenon had been examined by numerous popular music scholars, there is a lack of attention towards the implications of learning experience on acquired musical proficiencies. In this study, participants took part in semi-structured interviews that enquired about their music learning histories and musical skills tests that examined their sight-reading, play by ear, and improvisation proficiencies. The aim was to compare and ascertain the disparities between both musicians’ learning histories and musical proficiencies, as well as to identify any potential relationships between learning methods and musical proficiencies. The findings showed that the musicians developed contrasting habitual music-making practices, attitudes and dispositions and musical proficiencies. Furthermore, the informal musician outdid the formal musician in almost all aspects examined in the musical skills tests. Implications from this article include the need for providers of formal popular music education to approach the study of popular music on its own terms, and develop methods of structured learning that enhances the development of virtuosity within the culture of popular music.