Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal and Spatial Arrangement of Lymphocytes within Lung Granulomas Induced by Aerosol Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The progression of the immune response in the lungs after aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a complex cellular event dominated by macrophages and lymphocytes. Although the phenotype of lympho- cytes participating in this response is becoming increasingly well characterized, the dynamic inﬂux of these cells during the infection and their spatial arrangements within the lung tissue are still poorly understood. This study shows that in the ﬁrst month after aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis there was a steady increase in the percentages of total CD3 1 , CD3 1 CD4 1 and CD3 1 CD8 1 cells, with consistently larger numbers of CD3 1 CD4 1 cells than of CD3 1 CD8 1 cells. As granuloma formation continued, the granuloma was found to consist of macrophages, CD4, and CD8 T cells, as well as a smaller number of B cells. Whereas CD4 T cells formed organized aggregates, CD8 T cells were fewer and more scattered and tended to be more prominent toward the periphery of the granulomas. The possible ramiﬁcations of the juxtapositions of these two major T-cell subsets are discussed.
The feasibility of a global observation and analysis experiment

Process for preparing 5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(p-methylsulfinylbenzylidene)-indenyl-3-acetic acid, by reacting 5-fluoro-2-methylindene-1,3-dione-3,3'-o-ethylene ketal with a p-methylsulfinylbenzyl compound, hydrolysis, and subsequent reaction with a malonic acid ester.
A Novel Method for Fault Detection in Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management Microgrids, Considering Uncertainties in Network Topology

Abstract The use of solid state transformers (SSTs) in microgrids has created a new kind of network called Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) microgrid. The FREEDM microgrid provides an appropriate means for enhanced energy management, loss reduction, and network flexibility by reducing the number of converters used for a variety of AC-DC links. In this work, we propose a novel method for fault detection in FREEDM microgrids when considering uncertainties in network topology. The proposed method makes use of the Clarke and S-transforms to characterize the transients in three-phase current and voltage waveforms in the event of a fault. The extracted features of the waveforms will be used to form appropriate indices for detection, location, and characterization of the fault. The main feature of the proposed method is its capability to operate in a dynamic microgrid with varying topology. The performance of the proposed method is investigated by applying it to a sample FREEDM microgrid with ring and radial structures. It is shown that the proposed method is well capable of fault detection and diagnosis while being able to differentiate between short-circuit faults and switching transients due to variations in the network topology.
International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research

The present study investigated the antioxidative activity of ground rosemary plant and αtocopherol acetate on technological (pH, drip loss, cooking loss and WHC), organoleptic (L, a*, b*) and sensory turkey meat quality stored for long term. A total of 1200 Hybride male turkeys (16 weeks aged) were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments, which were set up with 1 control group and 4 experimental groups. The control group (VitE1) was given a basal diet including 50 mg/kg α-tocopherol acetate, while the experimental groups were supplied with 5 g/kg ground rosemary plant(ROS1), 10 g/kg plant (ROS2), 150mg/kg (VitE2) or 300 mg/kg αtocopherol acetate (VitE3). Significant differences were seen between the control and experimental groups for meat pH values, meat colour and maximum shear force as well as for sensory analyses. Results showed that the incorporation of rosemary in turkey diets increased the pH (P < 0.05). Dietary rosemary 5 g/kg were more effective (P < 0.0001) in inhibiting lighteness compared to 10 g/kg and to the supplementation with α-tocopheryl acetate/kg. For shear force, αtocopheryl acetate supplementation at 150 mg/kg was similar to rosemary at 5 g/kg but inferior to rosemary at 10 g/kg. Diet supplementation with a-tocopheryl acetate or rosemary had no effect on drip loss, cooking loss and water holding capacity. The rosemary diet made meat softer, tastier and had akeen smell. During long term of storage, the rosemary increased the abnormal flavour intensity score. Furthermore, the meat had the higher overall acceptability score during storage. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with rosemary during finishing period improved International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research
A Synthesis of Six Recent Studies on Numerosity Abilities in an Ant

Working on the numerosity ability of the ant Myrmica sabuleti, we have already summarized for the readers’ convenience our previous papers in two successive publications. Since that time, we have produced six more papers on the subject, and we thought it was time to present a summary of them. These studies deal with the ants’ ability in expecting the following element in an arithmetic or a geometric sequence, as well as with the required similarity between visual cues and the maximum horizontal and vertical distance between such cues enabling the ants to mentally add them up. The experimental methods that were used in these studies are here only briefly reported and their most important results are concisely related, as the extended information can be found in these six papers here summarized. We present novel tables and figures for illustrating this synthesis.
DMD056291 885..889

The aim of this study was to optimize methods for quantifying 13 uridine 59-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 1A10, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15, and 2B17) in human liver, intestinal, and kidney microsomes, and in recombinant human UGT-expressing insect cell membranes (rhUGTs) by targeted peptide–based quantification using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Production of targeted peptides was compared by combining three denaturing agents (urea, sodium deoxycholate, and octyl glucoside) and three denaturing temperatures (37°C, 60°C, and 95°C) followed by tryptic digestion for 2–20 hours. Denaturing conditions and digestion times yielding high production efficiency varied markedly among isoforms and specimens, indicating the importance of specific optimization. Each UGT isoform was quantified using the methods found to be optimal. The expression of 10 (1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15, and 2B17), 6 (1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A10, 2B7, and 2B17), and 3 (1A6, 1A9, and 2B7) isoforms was detected in human liver, intestinal, and kidney microsomes, respectively, and levels were reproducible using multiple protocols. All isoforms were quantified in rhUGTs. Determining the levels of UGTs in human tissue specimens and those in rhUGTs is important for estimating the contribution of glucuronidation to body clearance based on in vitro–in vivo
Development of Tensio-Emitter- A Soil Moisture Tension Controlled Emitter

Timely application of irrigation water in precise amounts increases crop yield due to decreased moisture stress to plants and loss of water through percolation and subsequent nutrient leaching. Many times, automatic scheduling of irrigation is desired as it ensures timely and precise application and reduced labour cost. Automatic scheduling of irrigation usually involves sophisticated instrumentation which is expensive and requires external power. Irrigation can be scheduled by measuring the moisture tension in the soil which is an indicator the amount of water available to the crop. A system which utilizes the sensed moisture tension to directly control the water applied without using an external power source is desired. This study was carried out to develop a simple and cost effective soil moisture tension controlled irrigation emitter that works without any external power sources. The developed Tensio-Emitter consists of a porous cup and emitter assembly and it functions on the same principle as that of a tensiometer. The TensioEmitter can be calibrated by adjusting the conical valve and the top assembly, so that water flows through the emitter only when the soil becomes dry and closes when the soil receives enough water. The tensioemitter was successfully developed, fabricated and calibrated for use in potted plants.
Acoustically controlled auditory training as an intervention option in central auditory processing disorder in severe/ profound unilateral hearing loss

Purpose: To verify the effectiveness of the auditory training acoustically controlled in people with central auditory processing disorders and unilateral hearing loss from severe to profound. Methods: 16 individuals between the age of 13 to 21 diagnosed with unilateral hearing loss from severe to profound and central auditory process disorder has participated in this study, individuals were divided into two groups, consisting of eight individuals each, paired by age, sex and education. Eight of them – Experimental Group underwent an individual Acoustically Controlled Auditory Training program consisting of eight sessions accomplished once a week. The remaining individuals Control Group – there were no intervention. At the end of eight weeks, both groups were reassessed for Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential (P300), and altered hearing abilities on the Sound Localization test, Synthetic Sentence Identification, Speech in Noise and Random Gap Detection Test. Results: There were no influences of the hearing loss side in the initial assessment for any of the groups. In the final assessment there was an improvement in all abilities, decreased latency and increased amplitude in P300 only Experimental Group. Individuals with hearing loss on the right showed a greater increase in P300 amplitude. There were no changes in the Control Group. Conclusion: The acoustically controlled auditory training was effective because it allowed an improvement of the auditory abilities and a modification in the neurobiological activity in relation to the auditory processing speed. This option it is suggested for intervention in people with a central auditory processing disorder and hearing loss.
Automatic Milking Systems in the Production of Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese: Effects on the Milk Quality and on Cheese Characteristics

The adoption of innovative processes, such as the automatic milking system (AMS), in the production of typical PDO cheeses, such as Parmigiano Reggiano, needs to be evaluated and tested, to verify its influence on milk quality and the typicality of the product. The present research was aimed to study the effect of the introduction of the AMS on the cheesemaking characteristics of the milk and the ripening process and the sensory properties of the Parmigiano Reggiano PDO cheese. Six cheesemaking trials were performed and, in each trial, two different separated pools of milk were submitted to the cheesemaking process in parallel, one from AMS and the other from a traditional milking parlor (TMP). AMS milk, in comparison with TMP one, showed higher content of lactose and calcium and lower contents of somatic cells, thermophilic lactic acid bacteria and chloride. Nevertheless, these changes were too small to influence the efficiency of the cheesemaking process and the cheese composition and its sensory profile. Moreover, cheeses made with AMS milk fully complied with the sensory characteristics of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese PDO, as defined by the
K NOWLEDGE , A TTITUDE , C HALLENGES OF B IG D ATA A NALYTICS B ASED ON I NFORMATION T ECHNOLOGY S TAFFS P OINT OF V IEW IN A D EVELOPING C OUNTRY

3%, and 31.7 % of the participants, respectively. The two most affecting factors on the knowledge level of participants were age groups and sex. IT staffs hold a positive attitude toward big data analytics. The most of IT staffs believed that big data management is necessary for the country and they agreed that big data analyzes can provide many advantages to organization managers. As well, 35 challenges of the big data analytics were identified. Conclusion: The results showed that the big data analytics face with many problems in following issues: awareness and education, recruiting skilled specialists, presentation big data analytics benefits to IT managers and policy-makers, conducting research projects, developing a strategic plan at national and local levels.
SPOC, FUTURE OF MLEARNING AND LANGUAGE LEARNING?

Mobile artifacts are objects that surround us increasingly in life. They give us the opportunity to engage in activities outside the traditional context and at our own pace. The objective of this article is the realization of the software on mobile artifacts for computer-assisted language learning (CALL) using the concept of SPOC (Small Private Online Course) for learning FLE (in French Français langue étrangère 1 ).
University of Birmingham An idiographic analysis of amotivation in compulsory school physical education

The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth account of amotivation in compulsory school physical education by examining its major causes, the way it is displayed, and how it can be tackled. From an initial participant pool of 390 British schoolchildren ages 14 to 15 years, 21 of them (15 girls and 6 boys) were selected to participate in semi-structured interviews. They were categorized as being amotivated based on their responses to a questionnaire measuring motivation in physical education. Three main perceived causes of amotivation were identified in the interviews: learned helplessness beliefs, low need satisfaction, and contextual factors. Amotivation was mainly displayed by nonattendance, low involvement in the class, and low intention to be physically active after leaving school. Students’ suggestions for reducing amotivation focused on the enhancement of positive affect, need satisfaction, and structural/organizational changes. The findings are discussed in conjunction with contemporary motivation theories and models of amotivation.
process to product: links between post-editing effort and post-edited

Post-editing of machine translation (MT) is now increasingly implemented in the human translation workflow after studies in both industry and academia have demonstrated the efficacy of this practice. Post-editing still involves open questions, however, such as how best to train post-editors and how to estimate the effort required by post-editing tasks. In attempting to address some of these questions, many previous studies investigate the post-editing process, but less research has focused on the post-edited product. This chapter examines the link between the process and product of post-editing by checking to see how post-editing effort data related to the quality of post-edited texts, assessed in terms of fluency (linguistic quality) and adequacy (translation accuracy). A statistical analysis indicated that the association between editing operations and the fluency of post-edited texts is dependent on the quality of the raw MT output. Interestingly, a negative association was observed between the number of eye fixations on the text and the quality of the post-edited translations. The chapter shows empirical evidence supporting the distinction between the concepts of translation fluency and adequacy, and postulates that automatic processes play a central role in post-editing performance.
VMRR_A_295309 117..128

1School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; 2Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX, USA; 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effects of an intra-articular injection of Sn-colloid for management of canine grade 1 or 2 elbow osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study in 23 dogs with grade 1 or 2 elbow OA. An orthopedic examination and elbow radiographs were performed to confirm the presence of OA. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive unilateral intra-articular (IA) injection of low-dose (LD: 1.0mCi, n =8), medium-dose (MD: 1.75mCi, n =6), or highdose (HD: 2.5mCi, n =9) of Sn-colloid. The primary outcome measure was peak vertical force (PVF) from force-plate gait analysis and secondary outcome measures included the Canine Brief Pain Inventory score (CBPI) and elbow goniometry. The CBPI was evaluated at pretreatment and then monthly post treatment for 1 year, and goniometry and PVF were evaluated at pretreatment, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post treatment. Results: PVF improved at 3, and 9 months compared to pretreatment values in the HD group. CBPI scores improved at most of the time points in all dose groups. There was no significant difference in elbow goniometry between treated and untreated elbows. There were no self-reports of any adverse effects of the injection by the owners and none were noted by the examining veterinarian at the time of regularly scheduled re-evaluations. Conclusion: Sn IA injection was free of any obvious adverse effects, improved CBPI scores, and increased weight bearing in limbs with elbow OA providing preliminary evidence that Sn may be beneficial in the management of elbow OA in dogs. Although Sn appeared to be effective for management of elbow OA in these dogs, this pilot study has inherent limitations; therefore, future studies with larger numbers and with placebo group are needed.
A normalisation of the ordinary Dirichlet Series in the lower half complex plane that has the equivalent normalised Riemann Zeta function as an detrended envelope function

In the lower half complex plane, <(s) < 1, a convergent normalisation of the ordinary dirichlet series ∑∞ n=1( 1 ns ) on the real line is given by lim N→∞ 1 N(1−<(s)) ∑N n=1( 1 n<(s) ) = 1 1−<(s) . Elsewhere, across the lower half complex plane, the absolute value of the normalised series | 1 N(1−<(s)) ∑N n=1( 1 ns )| has an upper (lower) detrended envelope function of the form ±| ζ(s) N(1−<(s)) |, for 10000 < N <∞.
The value of reputation in outside director appointments

This study examines director reputation using a sample of outside director appointments. Relative to existing literature, we uniquely focus on outside director appointments involving CEO award winners in order to capture the value of reputation. Exploiting the award-induced increase in a director’s reputation, we find evidence of an short-term reputation premium. Investors attach a premium of roughly 2% to the appointment of a CEO award winner to the board of directors. Looking at long-term performance following appointments, however, we find no evidence of abnormal returns. Our findings thus question whether star directors help contribute to the long-run success of a firm.
Parallel processing of nociceptive A-delta inputs in SII and midcingulate cortex in humans

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Parallel processing of nociceptive A-delta inputs in SII and midcingulate cortex in humans. Maud Frot, François Mauguière, Michel Magnin, Luis Garcia-Larrea
Feature Selection using e-values

In the context of supervised parametric models, we introduce the concept of e-values. An e-value is a scalar quantity that represents the proximity of the sampling distribution of parameter estimates in a model trained on a subset of features to that of the model trained on all features (i.e. the full model). Under general conditions, a rank ordering of e-values separates models that contain all essential features from those that do not. The e-values are applicable to a wide range of parametric models. We use data depths and a fast resampling-based algorithm to implement a feature selection procedure using e-values, providing consistency results. For a $p$-dimensional feature space, this procedure requires fitting only the full model and evaluating $p+1$ models, as opposed to the traditional requirement of fitting and evaluating $2^p$ models. Through experiments across several model settings and synthetic and real datasets, we establish that the e-values method as a promising general alternative to existing model-specific methods of feature selection.
Provable Benefit of Multitask Representation Learning in Reinforcement Learning

As representation learning becomes a powerful technique to reduce sample complexity in reinforcement learning (RL) in practice, theoretical understanding of its advantage is still limited. In this paper, we theoretically characterize the benefit of representation learning under the low-rank Markov decision process (MDP) model. We first study multitask low-rank RL (as upstream training), where all tasks share a common representation, and propose a new multitask reward-free algorithm called REFUEL. REFUEL learns both the transition kernel and the near-optimal policy for each task, and outputs a well-learned representation for downstream tasks. Our result demonstrates that multitask representation learning is provably more sample-efficient than learning each task individually, as long as the total number of tasks is above a certain threshold. We then study the downstream RL in both online and offline settings, where the agent is assigned with a new task sharing the same representation as the upstream tasks. For both online and offline settings, we develop a sample-efficient algorithm, and show that it finds a near-optimal policy with the suboptimality gap bounded by the sum of the estimation error of the learned representation in upstream and a vanishing term as the number of downstream samples becomes large. Our downstream results of online and offline RL further capture the benefit of employing the learned representation from upstream as opposed to learning the representation of the low-rank model directly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first theoretical study that characterizes the benefit of representation learning in exploration-based reward-free multitask RL for both upstream and downstream tasks.
Generalizable Neural Radiance Fields for Novel View Synthesis with Transformer

We propose a Transformer-based NeRF (TransNeRF) to learn a generic neural radiance field conditioned on observed-view images for the novel view synthesis task. By contrast, existing MLP-based NeRFs are not able to directly receive observed views with an arbitrary number and require an auxiliary pooling-based operation to fuse source-view information, resulting in the missing of complicated relationships between source views and the target rendering view. Furthermore, current approaches process each 3D point individually and ignore the local consistency of a radiance field scene representation. These limitations potentially can reduce their performance in challenging real-world applications where large differences between source views and a novel rendering view may exist. To address these challenges, our TransNeRF utilizes the attention mechanism to naturally decode deep associations of an arbitrary number of source views into a coordinate-based scene representation. Local consistency of shape and appearance are considered in the ray-cast space and the surrounding-view space within a unified Transformer network. Experiments demonstrate that our TransNeRF, trained on a wide variety of scenes, can achieve better performance in comparison to state-of-the-art image-based neural rendering methods in both scene-agnostic and per-scene finetuning scenarios especially when there is a considerable gap between source views and a rendering view.