Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists.

Preface All individuals exist in social, political, historical, and economic contexts, and psychologists are increasingly called upon to understand the influence of these contexts on individuals’ behavior. The “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” reflect the continuing evolution of the study of psychology, changes in society at large, and emerging data about the different needs of particular individuals and groups historically marginalized or disenfranchised within and by psychology based on their ethnic/racial heritage and social group identity or membership. These “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” reflect knowledge and skills needed for the profession in the midst of dramatic historic sociopolitical changes in U.S. society, as well as needs of new constituencies, markets, and clients. The specific goals of these guidelines are to provide psychologists with (a) the rationale and needs for addressing multiculturalism and diversity in education, training, research, practice, and organizational change; (b) basic information, relevant terminology, current empirical research from psychology and related disciplines, and other data that support the proposed guidelines and underscore their importance; (c) references to enhance ongoing education, training, research, practice, and organizational change methodologies; and (d) paradigms that broaden the purview of psychology as a profession.
Estimation of multivalued arrivals in 3D models using wavefront construction—Part I

A new 3D wavefield modelling approach based on dynamic ray tracing is presented. This approach is called wavefront construction, and it can be used in 3D models with constant or smoothly varying material properties (S- and P-velocity and density) separated by smooth interfaces. Wavefronts consisting of rays arranged in a triangular network are propagated stepwise through the model. At each time step, the differences in a number of parameters are checked between each pair of rays on the wavefront. New rays are interpolated whenever this difference between pairs of rays exceeds some predefined maximum value. A controlled sampling of the wavefront at all time steps is thus obtained. Receivers are given multiple-event values by interpolation when the wavefronts pass them. The strength of the wavefront construction method is that it is robust and efficient.
Velocity Distribution in Open Channel Flows: Analytical Approach for the Outer Region

AbstractThis paper presents an integration procedure for the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for the determination of the distribution of the streamwise velocity using the vertical component. This procedure is dedicated to the outer region and central part of channels. The proposed model is applicable to both rough and smooth flow regimes, provided the velocity at the inner-outer boundary has been properly defined. To generate a simplified expansion, a number of hypotheses are proposed, focusing in particular on the analytical modeling of the vertical component by adopting a negligible viscosity. The proposed hypotheses are validated by the experimental data existing in the literature. The proposed simplified expansion is studied through a sensitivity analysis and proved consistent in regards to model experimental data. The proposed model seems capable of demonstrating different kinds of flows, including dip phenomenon flow patterns.
FOSSIL PSAMMOBIONTIC SPONGES AND THEIR FORAMINIFERAL RESIDENTS, CENTRAL APENNINES, ITALY

ABSTRACT Sponges generally live firmly attached on firm- and hardgrounds but a few species are known to colonize mobile sediments in shallow water. These psammobiontic sponges are anchored to the bottom by incorporating sediment particles at their base. Herein we relate so-far enigmatic bowl-shaped structures from seagrass deposits of the lower Miocene (Burdigalian) Calcari a Briozoi e Litotamni Formation on the Latium-Abbruzzi carbonate platform (Central Apennines, Italy) to the in-ground parts of psammobiontic sponges. The sponge fossils yield a peculiar foraminiferal assemblage with an increased abundance of Bulimina and Bolivina compared to the surrounding sediments as well as with planktic foraminifers and spirillinids (Spirillina, Patellina), which are not recorded outside the sponges. Drifting planktic foraminifers became trapped on the sponge surface exposed to the water column before agglutination. In contrast, high quantities of Bulimina, Bolivina, and spirillinids indicate commensalistic relationships with the sponges. Generally, ecological interactions between foraminifers and living sponges are poorly documented. In the present case the infaunal Bulimina and Bolivina have been attracted by a low-oxygen and nutrient-rich environment, which developed in the progressively decaying buried part of the sponges along with early lithification, while the epifaunal spirillinids populated the internal network of water channels, which provided protection and food supply. The high abundance of generally rare Spirillina in Late Jurassic sponge reefs indicates a persistent ecological preference of spirillinids to sponge microhabitats.
Derivative Pricing with Liquidity Risk: Theory and Evidence from the Credit Default Swap Market

We derive an equilibrium asset pricing model incorporating liquidity risk, derivatives, and short-selling due to hedging of nontraded risk. We show that illiquid assets can have lower expected returns if the short-sellers have more wealth, lower risk aversion, or shorter horizon. The pricing of liquidity risk is different for derivatives than for positive-net-supply assets, and depends on investors' net nontraded risk exposure. We estimate this model for the credit default swap market. We find strong evidence for an expected liquidity premium earned by the credit protection seller. The effect of liquidity risk is significant but economically small.
La convergencia de las provincias españolas

espanolEn este articulo se analiza la convergencia de las provincias espanolas en el periodo 1955-1991, constatandose un intenso proceso de convergencia en el subperiodo 1955-1979, y un estancamiento de la convergencia a partir de esta fecha. A traves de la estimacion de ecuaciones de convergencia, se sugiere la idea de un progresivo agotamiento de las posibilidades de convergenciafutura.This paper studies the convergence of Spanish provinces in the years 1955-1991. EnglishAn intense convergence process is observed in the subperiod 1955-1979, followed by a period of stagnation. Through estimates based on convergence equations, the paper signals the gradual winding-down of the possibilities for convergencein the future.
The Leonian Stage (early Middle Cambrian): a unit for Cambrian correlation in the Mediterranean subprovince

The Leonian (early Middle Cambrian) regional Stage of Iberia is revised from a lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic point of view in order to propose it as a chronostratigraphic unit for the Mediterranean subprovince (outcrops in Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Morocco and Turkey). This revision now permits a correlation of the Leonian Stage with the other early Middle Cambrian regional Stages. For this correlation the first appearance datum (FAD) of Eoparadoxides mureroensis, Macannaia spp. , Schistocephalus antiquus and Oryctocara granulata are employed for the lower boundary; while the FADs of Badulesia tenera, Ctenocephalus (Hartella) spp. , Parasolenopleura aculeata and Triplagnostus gibbus are employed for the upper boundary.
Bound water freezing in Antarctic Umbilicaria aprina from Schirmacher Oasis

Abstract The effect of low temperature on Umbilicaria aprina collected from Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica, was determined over a wide range of hydration using proton free induction decays, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The proton NMR line is a superposition of the broad component from the solid matrix of the thallus and a narrower component from the averaged bound water pool. Proton free induction decays may be resolved into three components: a solid component well described by the Abragam function and two exponentially decaying components from water loosely bound and water tightly bound in the thallus. With decreased temperature the loosely bound water pool (freezing water) is transferred to the tightly bound water pool (non-freezing water), and vanishes below -40°C. Bound water freezing and melting temperatures decrease with the decrease of hydration level, suggesting that heterogeneous ice nucleation is responsible for water freezing. The onset of bound water freezing temperature is c. 10°C lower than the melting temperature. The U. aprina thalli do not reveal the ability to stimulated ice nucleation at higher temperature. Freeze-thaw cycles showed that for n > 5 cycles no substantial change occurs in the difference between melting and freezing temperatures.
The role of the Periadriatic Line in the tectonic evolution of the Alps

Summary The Periadriatic Line and related lineaments formed as a result of post-collisional deformations which severely modified the Alpine chain. This post-late Oligocene deformation is the result of dextral transpression between the Adriatic sub-plate and the European foreland. Indentation of the western edge of the southern Alps caused uplift, related to backthrusting and associated deformations of the Lepontine region combined with E-directed escape of the central Alps. In the eastern Alps the response to dextral transpression is mainly by lateral escape along conjugate strike slip zones with minor or no vertical movements. Older deformations along this essentially late Alpine lineament can still be inferred locally and include: extension and transfer faulting in the late Palaeozoic to early Mesozoic, Cretaceous deformations, and Tertiary phases of compression (Eocene) and possibly extension (Oligocene). The geometry of crustal thinning associated with the formation of the passive continental margin of the southern Alps (associated with initial uplift of the Ivrea zone) has a profound influence on strain localization and the kinematics of movements along and north of the present day Periadriatic Line.
Stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Tertiary Cosmelli Basin and its relationship to the Chile triple junction

At the Taitao Peninsula, in southern Chile (46.5°S), an active mid-ocean ridge is being subducted under the South American continent. Continental crust south of the current triple junction has experienced subduction of three ridge segments since the mid-Miocene. A series of Mid-Late Tertiary sedimentary basins lies inboard of the triple junction: the Cosmelli basin lies in the region which has experienced the earlier ridge subduction events. Within the Cosmelli basin fill, abrupt facies dislocations give clear evidence of marked base level changes. Four sequence boundaries are delineated, with an upward increase in degree of facies dislocation, which is believed to reflect increasing magnitudes of base level fall. The lower part of the basin fill is folded and then thrust eastward as a series of imbricate slices, while the overlying, greater thickness of fluvial sediments is only gently tilted westwards. This geometry indicates that the early basin fill was deforming due to contractional tectonics while the later basin fill was being deposited; these processes controlled accommodation space and thus stratigraphic architecture during much of the basin life. This complex basin history, plus the presence of basaltic sheet intrusions may reflect the underlying slab history as successive ridge segments were subducted.
Quaternary glaciation of Muztag Ata and Kongur Shan: Evidence for glacier response to rapid climate changes throughout the Late Glacial and Holocene in westernmost Tibet

The glacial geology of two massifs, Muztag Ata and Kongur Shan, in western Tibet was examined to help define the timing and style of glaciation in the semiarid regions of western Tibet. Remote sensing, geomorphic mapping, and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) surface-exposure dating of boulders on the moraines and sediment in depth profiles show that glaciers advanced at least 12 times during at least the last two glacial cycles. Over this time, the style of glaciation changed progressively from one that produced ice caps to one that produced less extensive and more deeply entrenched valley glaciers. The timing of the two earliest glaciations is poorly defined, but they likely occurred prior to the penultimate glacial cycle (the Karasu glacial stage) and the early part of the last glacial cycle or during the penultimate glacial cycle (the Subaxh glacial stage). In contrast, the timing of later glacial advances (the Olimde glacial stage) is relatively well defined showing quasiperiodical oscillations on millennial time scales (17.1 ± 0.3 ka, 13.7 ± 0.5 ka, 11.2 ± 0.1 ka, 10.2 ± 0.3 ka, 8.4 ± 0.4 ka, 6.7 ± 0.2 ka, 4.2 ± 0.3 ka, 3.3 ± 0.6 ka, 1.4 ± 0.1 ka, and a few hundred years before the present). These data suggest that since the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the glaciers in western Tibet likely responded to Northern Hemisphere climate oscillations (rapid climate changes), with minor influences from the south Asian monsoon. This study provides the first well-defined glacial geologic evidence to suggest that glaciers in western Tibet respond to rapid climate changes on millennial time scales throughout the Late Glacial and Holocene.
The metamorphic evolution of metapelitic granulites from Radok Lake, northern Prince Charles Mountains, east Antarctica; evidence for an anticlockwise P–T path

Mineral textures in metapelitic granulites from the northern Prince Charles Mountains, coupled with thermodynamic modelling in the K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3 (KFMASHTO) model system, point to pressure increasing with increasing temperature on the prograde metamorphic path, followed by retrograde cooling (i.e. an anticlockwise P–T path). Textural evidence for the increasing temperature part of the path is given by the breakdown of garnet and biotite to form orthopyroxene and cordierite in sillimanite‐absent rocks, and through the break‐down of biotite and sillimanite to form spinel, cordierite and garnet in more aluminous assemblages. This is equated to the advective addition of heat from the regional emplacement of granitic and charnockitic magmas dated at c. 980 Ma. A subsequent increase in pressure, inferred from the break‐down of spinel and quartz to sillimanite, cordierite and garnet in aluminous rocks, is attributed to crustal thickening related to upright folding dated at 940–910 Ma. The terrane attained peak metamorphic temperatures of c. 880 °C at pressures of c. 6.0–6.5 kbar during this event. Subsequent cooling is inferred from the localised breakdown of cordierite and garnet to form biotite and sillimanite that developed in the latter stages of the same event. The textural observations described are interpreted via the application of P–T and P–T–X pseudosections. The latter show that most rock compositions preserve only fragments of the overall P–T path; a result of different rock compositions undergoing mineral assemblage changes, or changes in mineral modal abundance, on different sections of the P–T path. The results also suggest that partial melting during granulite facies metamorphism, coupled with melt loss and dehydration, initiated a switch from pervasive ductile, to discrete ductile/brittle deformation, during retrograde cooling.
Morphology, Internal Structure, Seismic Stratigraphy, and Sedimentation of Indus Fan

The upper Indus Fan (1,600-3,600 m) is characterized by up to several hundred meters relief that resulted from the aggradation of large channel-levee complexes; gradients greater than 1:500; a distinct 3.5 kHz echo character with several continuous subbottom reflectors; and by fine-grained sediments, except within the channels where coarse-grained materials are inferred. The lower fan (4,000-4,500 + m) has a smooth relief with channels and levees of relatively small dimensions; overall gradients of less than 1:1,000; prolonged 3.5 kHz echo character with few or no subbottom reflectors; and a dominantly sandy lithology. The characteristics of the middle fan are intermediate between those of the upper and lower fans. Seismic records reveal at least three canyon complexes on the shelf, each of which gave rise to several leveed channels on the fan. The canyons and channels migrated extensively in time and space across the fan, and channel abandonment and avulsion were very common. Seismically, the canyon fill consists of several reflection-free zones overlain by inclined reflections of moderate amplitudes which are inferred to indicate fine-grained sediments. The channel fills consist of high-amplitude, random reflections overlain successively by reflection-free zones and weak to moderate-amplitude continuous reflections. These characteristics suggest coarse-grained deposits at the base fining upward to the top of the channel fill. The channels, especially on the upper and middle fan, are flanked by wedge-shaped, concave-upward reflection packages characteristic of levee-overbank deposits. Sea level changes and the Himalayan orogenies have profoundly affected the Indus Fan sedimentation since the Oligocene-early Miocene. Sedimentation was dominantly by channelized turbidity currents with overbank deposition on the upper fan, and by both unchannelized and channelized turbidity currents on the lower fan during the lowstands of sea level.
Modelling of Ocean Shallow Convection under Fast Ice in the Arctic

Abstract Ocean convection in the Antarctic has been studied many times and has been revealed to be responsible for ice-cover reduction. In the Arctic, proof of that phenomenon has not been documented. It is believed that this phenomenon happens on a smaller scale in the Arctic when local circulation of deep warmer water melts and slows ice production. An example of this is the North Water (NOW) polynya in northern Baffin Bay. A polynya is an area of open water in an otherwise ice-covered area. As ice forms under the fast ice near the boundary of the polynya, ocean salts (brine) are ejected from the newly formed ice. This water, which has an increased concentration of salt, sinks and is replaced by warmer water from below, and this slows ice formation. In our study a coupled one-dimensional thermodynamic snow–fast ice model incorporating ocean heat flux input via a shallow convection model was used. Ice thickness was calculated using a thermodynamic model that included a current-induced entrainment model and a convection model to account for brine rejection during ice growth. Atmospheric observations from Grise Fiord and Thule and ocean profiles around the NOW polynya near these sites were used as input to the model. This purely thermodynamic study enables us to obtain ice thickness values that can be compared with qualitative observations. This modelling study compares two sites related to the NOW polynya. The results indicate that the shallow convection model simulates the reduction of fast ice near Thule but not near Grise Fiord.
Linking Research and Marketing Opportunities for Pulses in the 21st Century

Nutrient imbalance and soil moisture stress are the major abiotic constraints limiting productivity of cool season food legumes. These constraints are more pronounced in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics which are the principal production zones of chickpea, lentil and faba bean. The legumes are generally grown on residual moisture as a mono crop and consequently face drought especially during the reproductive phase. In recent years, chickpea, lentil, peas and faba bean have been grown in some areas with an irrigated/assured water supply under intensive cropping to sustain cereal based systems. An increased water supply favourably influences productivity in dry environments. Faba bean, French beans and peas show a relatively better response to irrigation. The pod initiation stage is considered most critical with respect to moisture stress. Excessive moisture often has a negative effect on podding and seed yield. Eighty to ninety percent of the nitrogen requirements of leguminous crops is met from N2 fixation hence a dose of 15-25 kg N ha- I has been recommended. However, in new cropping systems like rice-chickpea, higher doses of 30-40 kg N ha- I are beneficial. Phosphorus deficiency is wide spread and good responses occur to 20 to 80 kg P20 S ha I , depending on the nutrient status of soil, cropping systems and moisture availability. Response to potassium application is localized. The use of 20-30 kg S ha- I and some of the micronutrients such as Zn, B, Mo and Fe have improved productivity. Band placement of phosphatic fertilizers and use of bio-fertilizers has enhanced the efficiency of applied as well as native P. Foliar applications of some micronutrients have been effective in correcting deficiencies. Water use efficiency has been improved with some management practices such as changed sowing time, balanced nutrition, mulching and tillage. application in laterite, red, coastal and deltic alluvial soils of India 1990). Results of AICPlP trials on lentil showed that in the north-east plains of India, an application of 20 kg K 2 0 ha'! mean yield 219 kg ha-! but in the north-west plains, there was no response (Ali et al. 1993). Responses to a high dose of K have been reported from Egypt_ El Fouly et al. observed that faba bean responded to 120 kg K 2 0 ha'! From 8 experiments, the mean increase in yield was 9% over the control when 120 kg K 2 0 ha-! was applied. This is an exceptionally high dose and limited to a specific location_ al. 1984). Responses of chickpea to foliar spray of 2% FeS04 on calcareous soils of southern India have also been observed (Perur and Mithyantha 1985). These results suggest a breeding program aimed at transferring genes from tolerant land races/cuItivars may help alleviate micronutrient disorders.
Comparative influence of burial depth on the clay mineral assemblage of the Agadir-Essaouira basin (western High Atlas, Morocco)

Abstract In the western High Atlas basin, the evolution of the clay assemblage of the Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary series is controlled by palaeogeographic changes of the basin and by burial diagenesis. The effects of burial are expressed by an increase in the proportions of illite and chlorite with depth, a decrease of expandability of smectite minerals and by a decrease in the Kübler Index. Kaolinite is preserved at greater depths than smectite, but also tends to diminish in abundance. TEM observations show that idiomorphic pseudo-hexagonal crystals of illite increase in size and abundance downwards, especially in the sandy levels. In the Agadir section, the main change in the clay mineral evolution related to late diagenesis occurs at the Mid-Albian, corresponding to a burial depth of about 1800 m; in the Essaouira section it occurs at the Lower Tithonian at a burial depth of about 2100 m. Considering the different geothermal gradient between Agadir (36ºC km-1) and Essaouira (27ºC km-1), the disappearance of smectite occurs at the same temperature in these two sites (60 to 65ºC).