Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Relapse Prevention Program on Self Efficacy of Drug Addict Patients at Menoufia University Hospital

: The 20th century ended with the conviction that drug abuse was a global problem and thus global solutions were required. Addiction is a major problem in Egypt, due to rapidly growing and changing patterns of substance use. Aim: This study was conducted to examine the effect of relapse prevention program on self efficacy of patients having addiction. Design: A quasi experimental study design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at addiction outpatient clinic at forensic Medicine Technical Toxicology Department (poisoning and addiction control unit) at Menoufia University Hospital. Sample A Purposive sample of 122 addicts who was divided into two groups (study group contained 63 and control group contained 59 patients). Tools: first tool: an interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts: part one was designed to assess demographic and occupational characteristics of the addicts, and part two was designed to assess pattern of substance abuse including: route & administration, age of starting abuse and motives for abuse. Second tool: Self-efficacy Questionnaire and toxic urine assessment. Results: the main finding of this study illustrated that, There were statistical significance improvement between the study group than the control group of self-efficacy at the post intervention. The highest percentages of addicts were found among age group between 20-40 years (75.4%) and The majority of the studied addicts (96.7%) were male. The highest percentages of the studied addicts were abused tramadol. Conclusions: It could be concluded that relapse prevention program was effective in preventing recurrence of addition among addicts in the study group than control group Recommendation: promoting addicts’ self-efficacy skills in order to cope with high-risk situations is recommended and regular follow up with family, peer and social support are essential along with vocational rehabilitation to prevent relapse.
Fluids below the hypocentral region of Latur Earthquake, India: Geophysical indicators

A set of geophysical measurements and observations was undertaken to investigate the nature of the crust beneath the epicentral region of the deadly Mw 6.1 Latur earthquake of September 30, 1993. With an estimated focal depth of 2.6 km and the associated well defined but subtle surface ruptures, it is a rare stable continental region (SCR) earthquake with surface rupture. The focal depth of 69 out of 73 well located aftershocks is less than 5.5 km. Broad band (10³–10−3 Hz) magnetotelluric (MT) soundings reveal the presence of an anomalously high conductivity zone at a shallow depth range of 6–10 km. Consistent with this result is the observation of a Pc phase, lagging behind the Pg phase by about 0.6 to 0.8 sec in the aftershock seismograms indicating a low velocity layer (LVL) at 7 to 10 km depth. A Bouguer gravity low of 5 m.gal, nearly coincident with this feature, is also observed. Above evidences indicate that the focal zone of the Latur earthquake sequence is limited to depths of about 5 to 6 km in the upper crust by an underlying low-velocity and high conductivity layer. We interpret this high conductive, low velocity layer as a fluid filled fractured rock matrix. The inferred stress regime, including due to uplift of the Deccan Plateau, triggered by erosion of basalt cover is likely to be confined mostly in the upper part of the crust. Existence of a low velocity, high conductivity fluid filled layer will enhance stress concentration in the uppermost brittle part of the crust causing mechanical failure.
Lead isotope geochemistry of mississippi valley-type deposits of the Southern Appalachians

Lead isotope compositions of sphalerite, fluorite, barite and sparry dolomite in Mississippi Valley-type deposits of the southern Appalachians fall into four different isotopic groups. Most sphalerite forms two small clusters, whereas barite, fluorite, and sparry dolomite compositions are more scattered. These lead isotope compositions reflect the distribution of the deposits, which are hosted by two main palcoaquifers. Lower Cambrian clastic and carbonate rocks host the Austinville (Zn-Pb), Cartersville (Ba), Embreeville (Zn), and Doughtery (Zn) deposits, all of which fall in a cluster of lead isotope compositions near 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.73 and 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 19.45. Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks of the Knox Group host the Copper Ridge (Zn), Eve Mills (Zn), Greeneville-Fall Branch (Ba-F), Mascot-Jefferson City (Zn), Powell River (Zn-Pb), Russell-Tazewell (Ba-F), and Sweetwater (Ba-Zn-F) deposits, which have more complex compositions. Sphalerite from Mascot-Jefferson City, Eve Mills, Sweetwater, and Russell-Tazewell plots in a cluster around 207 Pb/ 204 Pb = 15.67 and 206 Pb/ 204 Pb = 19.0, whereas that from Copper Ridge plots in both clusters. Fluorite from Sweetwater falls on a long array in 207 Pb/ 204 Pb- 206 Pb/ 204 Pb space that has a two-stage age of 1.55 to 1.9 Ga for t 2 = 360 Ma, the previously published 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isochron age obtained for the Mascot-Jefferson City district. Barite and sparry dolomite compositions are relatively similar and have lower 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios than most sphalerite and fluorite. The spatial distribution of lead isotope compositions indicates that there were at least two mineralizing solutions, represented by the two lead clusters; the upper cluster solution dominated the Lower Ordovician palcoaquifer whereas the lower cluster dominated the Lower Cambrian palcoaquifer; and that the two solutions mixed in most areas except the Mascot-Jefferson City district, where zinc mineralization is strongest. Although the specific sources of these leads cannot be determined from available data on possible source rocks, the two lead clusters probably came from relatively young, well-mixed sedimentary basins and the lead in the fluorite must have come from a source with an unusally high U/Th ratio such as phosphoritc. This study confirms that the isotopic composition of lead in southern Appalachian Mississippi Valley-type deposits differs significantly from that found in mid-continent deposits.
Event Signatures in H-PMU Measurements: An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Real-World Data

A harmonic phasor measurement unit (H-PMU) is a technological evolution of the conventional PMU. Unlike a conventional PMU that solely captures fundamental phasors, an H-PMU encompasses the measurements of both fundamental and harmonic phasors. So far, the application of H-PMU measurements has been on the analysis of steady-state characteristics of harmonic phasors, such as for harmonic source identification or harmonic state estimation. However, in this paper, we take a rather unique and multi-disciplinary approach to harness the additional information provided by harmonic phasor signatures to better analyze power system events. The proposed approach is data-driven and from the view point of information theory, and based on real-world H-PMU measurements. Our analysis reveals the presence of significant independent information content in the extracted features from the event signatures in harmonic phasor measurements. This study also explores the applications of utilizing such additional information content, such as to optimally select the orders of the harmonic phasors for the analysis of power system events, as well as to enhance the performance in the task of event clustering in power systems situational awareness.
Effectiveness of Backrest Elevation on Oxygenation and Hemodynamic Status among Mechanically Ventilated Patient after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

: Backrest elevation is one of the most frequently performed nursing activities in the critical care, often providing an essential focus for planning other nursing activities. Aim of the study was to examine the effect of backrest elevation on oxygenation and hemodynamic status among mechanically ventilated critically ill patients after Coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Setting: The study was conducted at the open heart surgery, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Menoufia University Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of fifty critically ill patients who were admitted to the open heart surgery ICU. Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Tools: A Semi Structured Demographic Questionnaire, Cardiorespiratory Parameters Questionnaire, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scale. The results: there was a highly statistically significant improvement in oxygenation (PaO2, SaO2, and ScvO2), and hemodynamic parameters (PR, RR, MAP and CVP) after 10 minutes of the 30° backrest elevation position comparing with the 20° and 45° backrest elevation position, P <0.001. Also there was a highly statistically significant improvement in oxygenation (PH, PaO2, SaO2, and ScvO2) and hemodynamic parameters (PR, RR, MAP and CVP) after 30 minutes of 30°backrest elevation position comparing with the 20° and 45° backrest elevation position. Conclusion: The 30°backrest elevation position had improved Oxygenation and hemodynamic status among postoperative mechanically ventilated patients after CABG surgery. Recommendation: Backrest elevation is a simple and cost effective nursing intervention for optimizing oxygenation and hemodynamic status among CABG patients. Initiate the development of training programs for critical care nurses about the importance of 30 degree backrest elevation to improve oxygenation and hemodynamic status among mechanically ventilated patients post
WalkLM: A Uniform Language Model Fine-tuning Framework for Attributed Graph Embedding

Graphs are widely used to model interconnected entities and improve downstream predictions in various real-world applications. However, real-world graphs nowadays are often associated with complex attributes on multiple types of nodes and even links that are hard to model uniformly, while the widely used graph neural networks (GNNs) often require sufficient training toward specific downstream predictions to achieve strong performance. In this work, we take a fundamentally different approach than GNNs, to simultaneously achieve deep joint modeling of complex attributes and flexible structures of real-world graphs and obtain unsupervised generic graph representations that are not limited to specific downstream predictions. Our framework, built on a natural integration of language models (LMs) and random walks (RWs), is straightforward, powerful and data-efficient. Specifically, we first perform attributed RWs on the graph and design an automated program to compose roughly meaningful textual sequences directly from the attributed RWs; then we fine-tune an LM using the RW-based textual sequences and extract embedding vectors from the LM, which encapsulates both attribute semantics and graph structures. In our experiments, we evaluate the learned node embeddings towards different downstream prediction tasks on multiple real-world attributed graph datasets and observe significant improvements over a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art unsupervised node embedding methods. We believe this work opens a door for more sophisticated technical designs and empirical evaluations toward the leverage of LMs for the modeling of real-world graphs
Assessment of Range and Primary Habitats of Hawaiian Insular False Killer Whales: A Scientific Basis for Determination of "Critical Habitat"

For species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, Federal agencies must designate "critical habitat", areas containing features essential to conservation and/or which may require special management considerations. In November 2010 NOAA Fisheries proposed listing a small demographically-isolated population of false killer whales in Hawai'i as Endangered, but has not proposed designating critical habitat. We assessed the population's range and heavily- used habitat areas using data from 27 satellite tags deployed from 2007-2010. Assessment of independence of individuals with temporally overlapping data indicated data were from 22 "groups", with analyses restricted to one individual/group. Data were available from 13-105 days (median=40.5 days), with 8,513 locations (87% from August-January). Association analyses of photo-identification data indicated the population is divided into three large associations of individuals, with tag data from two. Telemetry-derived ranges for these two associations were similar, though one used significantly deeper waters than the other, and their high use areas differed. Individuals moved extensively and often rapidly among islands, using both the leeward and windward sides. A minimum convex polygon range encompassing all locations was ~82,800 km 2 , with individuals ranging from Ni'ihau to Hawai'i Island and up to 122 km offshore. High use areas were off the north half of Hawai'i Island, north of Maui and Moloka'i, and west of Lana'i. While this analysis provides a basis for designation of critical habitat, there are likely other high use areas that have not yet been identified due to seasonal limitations and availability of data from only two of the three main associations.
Remineralization Efficacy of Gum Arabic Varnish Vs Fluoride Varnish and CPP-ACPF Varnish in Initial Carious Lesions Over 6 Months Follow Up: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective: To evaluate the remineralizing efficacy of Gum Arabic varnish clinically Materials and Methods: A total of 90 teeth with initial carious lesions in 42 participants randomly assigned into 3 equal groups, group 1 (G1) received laboratory made Gum Arabic varnish, group 2 (G2) received casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) varnish (MI Varnish) and group 3 (G3) received 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (Profluorid Varnish), Remineralization efficacy and caries lesion activity were evaluated at baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3) with 2 blinded assessors using DIAGNOdent and Nyvad criteria score. Results : According to the DIAGNOdent scores, intergroup comparisons between all materials have shown no statistically significant difference within follow up periods; baseline and 1 month respectively (P = 0.713 and P = 0.184), unlike at 3 and 6 months (P<0.0001). Intragroup comparison within Gum Arabic showed no statistically significant difference between follow up periods (P = 0.079) unlike MI Varnish and Profluorid varnish (P < 0.0001), while the Nyvad criteria intergroup comparisons between all materials showed no statistically significant difference at baseline (P = 1.0000), unlike at 1, 3 and 6 months (P <0.0001, P = 0.0045 and P = 0.0139) respectively. Conclusion: Although Gum Arabic Varnish helped in arresting 85% of the active initial carious lesions, it didn’t produce effective remineralization to the lesions at 6 months follow up. Both MI Varnish and Profluorid Varnish showed similar remineralization potential and were able to arrest all the active initial carious lesions.
Receiver functions at the stations of the German Regional Seismic Network (GRSN)

SUMMARY Several years of broad-band teleseismic data from the GRSN stations have been analysed for crustal structure using P-to4 converted waves at the crustal discontinuities. An inversion technique was developed which applies the ThomsonHaskell formalism for plane waves without slowness integration. The main phases observed are Moho conversions, their multiples in the crust, and conversions at the base of the sediments. The crustal thickness derived from these data is in good agreement with results from other studies. For the Grafenberg stations, we have made a more detailed comparison of our model with a previously published model obtained from refraction seismic experiments. The refraction seismic model contains boundaries with strong velocity contrasts and a significant low-velocity zone, resulting in teleseismic waveforms that are too complicated as compared to the observed simple waveforms. The comparison suggests that a significant low-velocity zone is not required and that internal crustal boundaries are rather smooth.
Interdisciplinary Journal of Innovation in Nepalese Academia

The evolving landscape of globalization is bringing about inevitable changes in the development of sustainable entrepreneurship. Sustainable entrepreneurship combines entrepreneurial traits with a focus on both market success and social impact. However, in today's competitive environment, it is imperative for every entrepreneur to possess specific personality traits to enhance their competitiveness. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of four significant personality traits: agreeableness, openness, extraversion, and neuroticism, on the sustainable development of entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study employs a positivist research philosophy, an explanatory research design
Potential and limits of NOAA-AVHRR temporal composite data for phenology and water stress monitoring of temperate forest ecosystems

We focussed on the potential and limits of NOAA-AVHRR 5-day composite data for monitoring the phenology and the fluxes of temperate forests at regional scale. The spatio-temporal variability ofkm2 Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was large, and primary varied with the deciduous/ coniferous mixture. It could provide the phenological cycle of deciduous ecosystems. For the large coniferous Landes forest, it characterised the different ecotypes, and was sensitive to land use (age of the pine stands) and understorey vegetation. Relationships between NDVI, TS and rainfall confirmed the ability of km2 thermal infrared data to infer the water status of this forest.
Evaluating the Influence of Water Scarcity on the Host Response of Garlic to the Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci

Ditylenchus dipsaci is a plant-parasitic nematode with a great economic impact on bulbous crops, including garlic (Allium sativum L.), and is distributed worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Traditionally, garlic was a rainfed crop in Spain, but irrigated areas have increased during the last few decades. However, the expected climatic conditions, with longer and more intense droughts, will make it necessary to reduce the water supply to garlic crops. This poses the urgent need to select garlic cultivars more tolerant to water scarcity and that are also more resistant to plant pathogenic organisms. The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of water stress on the host response of garlic plants to D. dipsaci. The specific objectives were to evaluate the level of nematode infestation in plants from four garlic genotypes treated with a reduced irrigation regime and compare them with those of control plants not subjected to water stress. The observed results were correlated with changes in the bulb and root development, as well as in the physiological parameters (total chlorophyll concentration and proline accumulation). The effects were different depending on whether the plants were subjected to water stress before or after nematode inoculation, as well as whether the water stress was continuous or discontinuous. Garlic inter-cultivar variability also affected the obtained results.
The Population Dynamics of Columnar and Other Cacti: A Review

In this article, we review the population cycles of cacti, with an emphasis on the large, often keystone columnar cacti of the North American deserts. These and many other cacti often experience dramatic increases and declines in their numbers. Seeds that germinate in years that provide favourable conditions for regeneration and subsequently survive establish a cohort. We first review the limitations to estimating the age of any given individual; without this information, we cannot reconstruct the age of a population and reconstruct its age structure and demography. We then discuss the techniques for so doing, the data that are available, and the work that has been carried out on a few limited and isolated populations, primarily of Carnegiea gigantea. We then link century-scale population fluctuations with micro, local, regional and global climate factors, which include nurse-plant relationships, periodic freezing and El Nino events, and proceed to elaborate on the factors that influence cactus demographics, such as dispersal, pollination, human impacts and climate change.
From Neoproterozoic to Early Cenozoic: exploring the potential of older and deeper hydrocarbon plays across North Africa and the Middle East

Abstract As the traditional exploration plays in the main productive basins of North Africa and the Middle East become more ‘mature’, attention is increasingly focusing on more challenging, older and deeper plays in the main producing basins and on high-risk, but more conventional, plays in under-explored frontier areas. This shift brings with it a range of technical and commercial challenges that must be addressed, if exploration in the region is to remain an attractive proposition. Exploration in North Africa and the Middle East has traditionally focused on the prolific Mesozoic- and Cenozoic-sourced petroleum systems of the Nile Delta, the Sirte Basin, the Pelagian Shelf, and the Arabian Plate and on the Palaeozoic-sourced petroleum systems of the Berkine, Ghadames, Illizi, Ahnet and Murzuq basins, the Central Arabian Basin, the Qatar Arch and the Rub Al Khali Basin. Together these form one of the most prolific petroleum provinces in the world and, as a consequence, there has been little commercial incentive to invest in exploring more challenging and riskier plays in these areas. However, as the need to find new reserves becomes imperative, attempts are increasingly being made to test new play concepts and to extend already proven plays into new areas. Key recent developments in this regard include the recognition of the hydrocarbon potential of the Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian (‘Infracambrian’) sedimentary section lying below the traditionally explored Palaeozoic succession in many basins in North Africa. In some areas, particularly the Berkine Basin in Algeria, the Nile Delta in Egypt and the Rub Al Khali Basin in Saudi Arabia, attention is also increasingly being focused on developing deeper gas plays, both in new areas and beneath existing producing fields. The technical challenges associated with these deeper gas plays are immense and include difficult seismic imaging of deep prospects, low porosity and permeability, high temperature and pressure and a critical need to identify ‘sweet spots’ where either locally preserved primary reservoir characteristics or secondary enhancement of reservoir quality through palaeo-weathering and/or fracturing allow commercial rates of gas production to be achieved. Despite these challenges, it is clear that the future for exploration in many of the more mature basins of North Africa and the Middle East will increasingly lie in evaluating such older and more deeply-buried plays.
Conodont faunal dynamics across the middle and upper ordovician boundary in the Yichang area, western Hubei province, South China

A total of 6094 conodont specimens, assigned to 18 genera and 27 species, have been recovered from the uppermost Kuniutan and Miaopo formations, spanning the latest Darriwilian – early Sandbian in age, at the Jieling section, Yichang, Hubei Province. Three conodont zones have been recognized, i.e., in ascending order, the Pygodus serra Zone, the Pygodus anserinus – Yangtzeplacognathus jianyeensis Zone, and the Baltoniodus alobatus Zone. The conodont biodiversity in the Miaopo Formation shows a decreasing trend at Jieling. Multivariate statistical analysis of the conodont fauna from the Jieling section shows that the Baltoniodus and Periodon biofacies are present in the uppermost Kuniutan Formation, and the Periodon and Scabbardella biofacies can be recognized in the Miaopo Formation.