Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity among Colorectal Cancer Patients and Survivors in Egypt

Introduction: Understanding physical activity (PA) levels is important when developing tertiary cancer prevention interventions, especially in Egypt where colorectal cancer (CRC) is more often diagnosed at later stages and at a younger age of onset (≤40 years). Methods: We assessed PA levels among CRC patients and survivors in Alexandria, Egypt. All participants completed two self-reported PA assessments: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ). Participants could opt to wear an accelerometer for seven days. Results were compared against WHO recommendations of ≥150 minutes or ≥600 metabolic equivalents of tasks (METs) of moderate-to-vigorous PA weekly. Results: Of 86 participants enrolled, all completed the surveys and 29 agreed to accelerometer use. Prevalence of meeting PA recommendations was 62.8% based on the GPAQ, 14.0% based on GLTEQ, and 41% based on accelerometer. Based on the GPAQ, very few respondents reported vigorous occupational, vigorous recreational, or moderate recreational activity (median = 0 with interquartile range [IQR] of 0 – 0 weekly minutes for all three) while most activity resulted from moderate occupational and transportation (median [IQR] of 60 [0-840] and 60 [0-187.5] weekly minutes, respectively). Participants meeting PA recommendations were less likely to be married (p = 0.043) according to GPAQ and more likely to be female (p=0.047) and early cancer stage (p=0.007) by GLTEQ. Conclusion: Non-leisure free-living PA is a major contributor to meeting PA recommendations while leisure-time PA is a potential target for future interventions that increase PA in this population.
Functional Outcomes Among Young People With Trajectories of Persistent Childhood Psychopathology

Key Points Question What functional outcomes in emerging adulthood (ages 17 to 20 years) are associated with persistent childhood psychopathology (ages 9 to 13 years)? Findings In this cohort study of 5141 participants, all types of psychopathology in childhood (internalizing, externalizing, or both) were significantly associated with poor functioning in emerging adulthood. This included poor mental and physical health, social isolation, heavy substance use, frequent health service use, poor subjective well-being, and adverse educational/economic outcomes. Meaning These findings highlight the lasting effects of childhood psychopathology on functional outcomes in emerging adulthood and point to the need for a public health approach to youth mental health.
Prediction model of liver metastasis risk in patients with gastric cancer: A population-based study

Liver was the most common site of distant metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (GC). The prediction model of the risk of liver metastasis was rarely proposed. Therefore, we aimed to establish a prediction model for liver metastasis in patients with GC. In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted demographic and clinical data of all the GC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registration database from 2010 to 2015. Patients were divided into training set (n = 1691) for model development and testing set (n = 3943) for validation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out on the training set to screen potential predictors of liver metastasis and constructed a prediction model. The receiver operator characteristics curves with the area under curve values were used to assess the predictive performance of the liver metastasis prediction model. And a nomogram of the prediction model was also constructed. Of the total 5634 GC patients, 444 (7.88%) had liver metastasis. Variables including age, gender, N stage, T stage, Lauren classification, tumor size, histological type, and surgery were included in the liver metastasis prediction model. The study results indicated that the model had excellent discriminative ability with an area under curve of 0.851 (95% confidence interval: 0.829–0.873) in the training set, and that of 0.849 (95% confidence interval: 0.813–0.885) in the testing set. We have developed an effective prediction model with 8 easily acquired predictors of liver metastasis. The prediction model could predict the risk of liver metastasis in GC patients and performed well, which would assist clinicians to make individualized prediction of liver metastasis in GC patients and adjust treatment strategies in time to improve the prognosis.
Association of ulnar variance with three-dimensional carpal alignment and demographics in asymptomatic volunteers

Background Several carpal pathologies are considered to be related to ulnar variance. Recently, computer-aided computed tomography (CT) analysis software was introduced to quantify three-dimensional (3D) carpal alignment with high accuracy and reliability. Purpose To determine the association of ulnar variance with 3D carpal alignment and demographics. Material and Methods A wrist of 121 asymptomatic volunteers (69 men, 52 women; mean age = 38 ± 10.4 years) was imaged in the neutral wrist position with cone-beam CT. Computer-aided CT analysis software (Bonelogic), based on segmentation and numerical modelling, was used to define ulnar variance and standardized 3D axes for all carpal bones. The association of ulnar variance with 3D carpal alignment, age of the volunteer, and side and dominance of the imaged wrist was assessed. Results The mean ulnar variance was −1.6 ± 1.5 mm (range = −5.3 to 2.4 mm). The mean ulnar variance was −1.9 mm and −1.1 mm in men and women (P = 0.007), respectively. Of the imaged 121 wrists, 18 (15%) had positive and 103 (85%) negative ulnar variance. There was no association between ulnar variance and any of the radio- or intercarpal angle values in either the sagittal or coronal plane (ρ = −0.16…0.17, r = −0.13….0.12). The ulnar variance showed no association with side (P = 0.51) or dominance (P = 0.27) of the imaged wrist. Conclusion 3D carpal alignment is not affected by ulnar variance. The association of ulnar variance with sex may in part explain the difference in reported prevalence of some carpal pathologies, such as ulnar impaction syndrome and Kienböck’s disease.
Antibody response in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination: A prospective observational study

Vaccination is important for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection since they are more vulnerable. However, they exhibit a weak response to vaccines, underscoring the importance of understanding whether antibodies are sufficiently produced and their durability post-COVID-19 vaccination. This prospective observational study assessed the antibody response of Korean patients undergoing HD for 1 year. We compared the antibody responses of patients undergoing HD to the COVID-19 vaccine with those of healthy volunteers from 2021 to 2022. The patient and control groups received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibody levels were measured weeks or months apart after 2 doses for 1 year using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and fluorescence-based competitive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing assays, respectively. We analyzed the third dose’s effect on the patient group by categorizing the group into patients who received the third dose and those who did not since it was initiated midway through the study. In the control group, we enrolled participants who had completed 3 doses of mRNA-1273 since almost all participants received the third dose. Thirty-two patients undergoing HD and 15 healthy participants who received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 3 of mRNA-1273, respectively, were enrolled. Although antibody production was weaker in the patient group than in the control group (P < .001), patients showed an increase in IgG levels (0.408 ± 0.517 optical density (OD) pre-vaccination, 2.175 ± 1.241 OD in patients with 2 doses, and 2.134 ± 1.157 OD in patients with 3 doses 1 year after the second dose) and neutralizing antibodies (23 ± 8% pre-vaccination, 87 ± 23% in patients with 2 doses, and 89 ± 18% in patients with 3 doses 1 year after the second dose) post-vaccination (P < .001). In the patient group, 19 patients received a third dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273); however, it did not increase the antibody levels (P = 1.000). Furthermore, the antibodies produced by the vaccination did not wane until 1 year. Two doses of vaccination resulted in a significant antibody response in patients undergoing HD, and antibody levels did not wane until 1 year.
Relationships between horizontal transport flux and vertical deposition flux during dry deposition of atmospheric dust particles

[1] Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between vertically settling dust and the horizontal dust flow from which the particles originate. The study primarily focused on the grain size characteristics and on the horizontal and vertical sediment fluxes, Simultaneous samplings of vertical deposition flux and horizontal transport flux were carried out at an almost identical altimetric level (a very narrow layer immediately above a water surface generating no resuspension). This made it possible to relate deposition flux to the horizontal transport flux and to study how deposition alters the sedimentological characteristics of horizontally moving dust. The use of water as a deposition surface implied that the dust was subjected to some degree of dispersion after the settling. This restricted the analysis to grains >10 μm, but the trends for grains 50 μm no longer affect these relationships. Vertical mixing created by the turbulent nature of the flow strongly affects deposition of atmospheric dust. Mixing significantly hampers deposition of the grains, especially the small ones. The wind tunnel experiments allowed the magnitude of the effect mixing exerts on deposition to be calculated. For coarse grains the effect is small, but for fine grains mixing may hamper deposition by several dozen per cent. Theoretical dust deposition models should thus consider vertical mixing or otherwise include it in the numerical value of the velocity of deposition v d .
Shoreface morphodynamics along the Holland Coast

Abstract The morphodynamic behaviour of the shoreface of the Holland coast has been investigated over the medium- and large-scales (years to decades). This is a wave-dominated, uniform coastline backed by dunes and uninterrupted by tidal inlets. The work takes a data-orientated approach using the ‘long’ profiles in a data set extending over 32 years and covering 81 km of coast. These profiles are spaced every 1 km alongshore and extend to a maximum offshore distance of 3 km (approximately 16 m water depth). Previous work based upon cross-shore profiles suggests that there is a seaward limit to significant depth change, or activity, on the upper shoreface over the small- and medium-scales (termed ‘depth of closure’). Examination of the data set shows that the middle and lower shoreface is also morphologically active in many instances, with the activity increasing with timescale. Many profiles exhibit closure on the upper shoreface, and then reopen on the middle/lower shoreface, exhibiting morphological activity. This deeper shoreface morphodynamics appears to be related to onshore supply of sand to the active zone. Hence, the analysis shows that the upper, middle and lower shoreface are coupled, as widely assumed, and has widespread significance for understanding long-term coastal evolution.
Diagnostic difficulties in polymyalgia rheumatica cases with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disease which does not have specific diagnostic tests or pathological symptoms and is identified based on clinical characteristics. Among acute phase reactants (APR), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are laboratory findings used in diagnosis and follow-up. In this study, it was aimed to determine the incidence of normal ESH and CRP in patients diagnosed with PMR and identify the distinguishing characteristics of these patients. PMR patients who were clinically diagnosed at a single center were reviewed. After the presence of bursitis was demonstrated with ultrasonography in patients with normal ESR and CRP rates, they were accepted to have PMR. Among all 54 patients (63% female), ESR and CRP values were normal in 8 patients (14%), and serum amyloid A (SAA) was determined to be elevated in all these patients. In the comparisons of the groups with normal and high levels of ESR and CRP, it was found that the group with normal ESR and CRP values had a younger age of diagnosis (P = .027), a longer symptom duration (P < .001), and a lower comorbidity rate (P = .010). PMR patients can have normal ESR and CRP values at the time of their diagnosis. While bursitis can be demonstrated with ultrasonography in patients who are clinically evaluated to have PMR, APRs such as SAA other than ESR and CRP can also be used.
Investigation of Effects of Preoperative Readiness on Symptom Management in Patients with Intestinal Stoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of preoperative readiness on postoperative symptom management in patients with intestinal stoma through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: “Intestinal stoma”, “complications” and other related terms were searched regardless of the language of publication in the publications published in the databases until December 29, 2021. Result: As a result, 30 studies were found. Two independent reviewers reviewed the studies, and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Health Evidence™ Quality Assessment Tool. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 was used to analyze the data. Publication bias, funnel plot, and the effect size were calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Preparation for intestinal stoma surgery consisted of two main themes, and postoperative complications/problems consisted of nine sub-themes. The meta-analysis results showed that preoperative readiness had a moderate effect size on postoperative complications (d=0.498, d=0.457). Conclusion: It was thus concluded that preoperative practices were significant and effective in postoperative symptom management.
Context and Spatial Feature Calibration for Real-Time Semantic Segmentation

Context modeling or multi-level feature fusion methods have been proved to be effective in improving semantic segmentation performance. However, they are not specialized to deal with the problems of pixel-context mismatch and spatial feature misalignment, and the high computational complexity hinders their widespread application in real-time scenarios. In this work, we propose a lightweight Context and Spatial Feature Calibration Network (CSFCN) to address the above issues with pooling-based and sampling-based attention mechanisms. CSFCN contains two core modules: Context Feature Calibration (CFC) module and Spatial Feature Calibration (SFC) module. CFC adopts a cascaded pyramid pooling module to efficiently capture nested contexts, and then aggregates private contexts for each pixel based on pixel-context similarity to realize context feature calibration. SFC splits features into multiple groups of sub-features along the channel dimension and propagates sub-features therein by the learnable sampling to achieve spatial feature calibration. Extensive experiments on the Cityscapes and CamVid datasets illustrate that our method achieves a state-of-the-art trade-off between speed and accuracy. Concretely, our method achieves 78.7% mIoU with 70.0 FPS and 77.8% mIoU with 179.2 FPS on the Cityscapes and CamVid test sets, respectively. The code is available at https://nave.vr3i. com/ and https://github.com/kaigelee/CSFCN.
Exploring the relationship between personality and chronic pain in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta: A cross-sectional study

Despite the growing body of research on chronic pain in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the influence of psychological factors on pain experienced by individuals with this condition. This study aims to delve into the correlation between personality traits and various aspects of pain, such as frequency, intensity, appraisal, and coping mechanisms, in a significant sample of adults with OI. Additionally, the investigation seeks to identify whether certain personality profiles may be more susceptible to chronic pain within this specific population. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 418 adults diagnosed with OI. Participants completed an online survey that assessed sociodemographic and clinical variables, pain parameters, personality traits, pain appraisal, and coping strategies. Subsequently, descriptive, correlational, cluster and comparative analyses were performed. Up to 83% of the participants reported experiencing pain on a regular basis. Regarding personality dimensions, moderate scores were obtained, with no significant differences compared to the general population. Neuroticism emerged as the trait showing the most robust relationships with the evaluated variables. It positively correlated with pain intensity, frequency, and the perception of pain as threatening (P < .001). Conversely, higher levels of extraversion were associated with a reduction in pain and its threatening perception (P < .001). Finally, the cluster analysis revealed a personality profile that showed greater vulnerability in pain adaptation, characterized by high levels of neuroticism and low levels of extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Chronic pain is prevalent in adults with OI. Personality dimensions maintain a significant relationship with this pain, acting as vulnerability or protective factors. Consequently, specific personality profiles are associated with poorer adaptation. Understanding these profiles would allow for a deeper comprehension of the pain experience in adults with OI.
Changes in seasonal snow cover in Hindu Kush-Himalayan region

Abstract. The changes in seasonal snow covered area in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region have been examined using Moderate – resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 8-day standard snow products. The average snow covered area of the HKH region based on satellite data from 2000 to 2010 is 0.76 million km2 which is 18.23% of the total geographical area of the region. The linear trend in annual snow cover from 2000 to 2010 is −1.25±1.13%. This is in consistent with earlier reported decline of the decade from 1990 to 2001. A similar trend for western, central and eastern HKH region is 8.55±1.70%, +1.66% ± 2.26% and 0.82±2.50%, respectively. The snow covered area in spring for HKH region indicates a declining trend (−1.04±0.97%). The amount of annual snowfall is correlated with annual seasonal snow cover for the western Himalaya, indicating that changes in snow cover are primarily due to interannual variations in circulation patterns. Snow cover trends over a decade were also found to vary across seasonally and the region. Snow cover trends for western HKH are positive for all seasons. In central HKH the trend is positive (+15.53±5.69%) in autumn and negative (−03.68&plusmn3.01) in winter. In eastern HKH the trend is positive in summer (+3.35±1.62%) and autumn (+7.74±5.84%). The eastern and western region of HKH has an increasing trend of 10% to 12%, while the central region has a declining trend of 12% to 14% in the decade between 2000 and 2010. Snow cover depletion curve plotted for the hydrological year 2000–2001 reveal peaks in the month of February with subsidiary peaks observed in November and December in all three regions of the HKH.
Cenomanian to Turonian foraminifera from Ashaka (NE Nigeria): quantitative analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation

Abstract A detailed palaeoenvironmental analysis based on planktonic and benthic foraminifera has been carried out over the Cenomanian/Turonian transition exposed at Ashaka in northeast Nigeria. The predominantly arenaceous benthonic foraminiferal fauna has been divided into four groups. Three of these indicate certain environmental conditions (oxygen deficiency and low salinity, oxygen deficiency and normal salinity, oxygenated water and normal salinity), while the fourth comprises environmentally unrestricted genera. Quantitative analysis, in combination with sedimentological and macrofaunal data, leads to a tripartite division of the section investigated: the thick basal limestones (Gongila Formation) were deposited under well oxygenated, normal marine conditions; the middle part (basal Fika Shale Formation) points to a stratified water body with well oxygenated, normal marine surface water and anoxic/dysoxic but normal marine bottom water; the upper part (Fika Shale Formation) shows alternating normal marine oxic and brackish anoxic/dysoxic conditions. The maximum water-depth probably never exceeded 50 m.
Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in youth with autism: Sex differences and social–emotional correlates

In youth broadly, EEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) associates with affective style and vulnerability to psychopathology, with relatively stronger right activity predicting risk for internalizing and externalizing behaviors. In autistic youth, FAA has been related to ASD diagnostic features and to internalizing symptoms. Among our large, rigorously characterized, sex‐balanced participant group, we attempted to replicate findings suggestive of altered FAA in youth with an ASD diagnosis, examining group differences and impact of sex assigned at birth. Second, we examined relations between FAA and behavioral variables (ASD features, internalizing, and externalizing) within autistic youth, examining effects by sex. Third, we explored whether the relation between FAA, autism features, and mental health was informed by maternal depression history. In our sample, FAA did not differ by diagnosis, age, or sex. However, youth with ASD had lower total frontal alpha power than youth without ASD. For autistic females, FAA and bilateral frontal alpha power correlated with social communication features, but not with internalizing or externalizing symptoms. For autistic males, EEG markers correlated with social communication features, and with externalizing behaviors. Exploratory analyses by sex revealed further associations between youth FAA, behavioral indices, and maternal depression history. In summary, findings suggest that individual differences in FAA may correspond to social–emotional and mental health behaviors, with different patterns of association for females and males with ASD. Longitudinal consideration of individual differences across levels of analysis (e.g., biomarkers, family factors, and environmental influences) will be essential to parsing out models of risk and resilience among autistic youth.