Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Gene Mutation in Sickle Cell Anemia in Tribal Population of Rajasthan

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder caused due to change in single amino acid substitution (β6Glu>Val) that causes sickling of the red blood cells. SCD has different genotypes with substantial variations in presentation and clinical course. Total 07 samples (03 HbSS, 03 HbAS and 01 Normal) were sent to Imperial Life Sciences, Gurgaon to identify different mutation. Blood sample were collected in camps organized in schools and community. The blood sample was collected in EDTA vials to prevent clotting and preserved in 20 o C for future analysis. The AGENA Mass ARRAY platform technique was used to detect SNPs, somatic mutations and in-dels using MALDI-TOF based detection. Out of 07 samples, In 03 samples we found two variant alleles (Homozygous), Hb S were detected in the given blood sample. Since, samples have two homozygous variants; there was complete inactivation of the beta globin chain. Thus, the disease indication was Sickle Cell Anemia. In other 03 samples we found One normal and one variant allele (Heterozygous), Hb S were detected in the given blood samples. Since, these samples have one normal and one variant allele; there is incomplete production of the beta globin chain. Thus, making this a carrier and the disease indication is Sickle Cell trait. In 01 sample we didn’t found any mutation. Based on the result of the mutation identified and can thus be used for the future work in this area. In future we can do more mutation study and work can be extended with wide range of samples. Genetic counseling is recommended. Family members are recommended for screening in order to know the inheritance pattern and risk of disease occurrence in future generations.
Bayesian Sparsification of Deep C-valued Networks

With continual miniaturization ever more applications of deep learning can be found in embedded systems, where it is common to encounter data with natural representation in the complex domain. To this end we extend Sparse Variational Dropout to complex-valued neural networks and verify the proposed Bayesian technique by conducting a large numerical study of the performance-compression trade-off of C -valued networks on two tasks: image recognition on MNIST-like and CIFAR10 datasets and music transcription on Mu-sicNet. We replicate the state-of-the-art result by Trabelsi et al. (2018) on MusicNet with a complex-valued network compressed by 50 − 100 × at a small performance penalty.
In-Hospital and Long-Term outcomes after Open-Heart Surgery in Turkish Octogenarians: a Single-Center Study

Objective We aimed to analyze the early and long-term results of open-heart surgery in Turkish patients aged 80 years or older who were operated on at our center. Methods All patients aged 80 years or older who underwent surgery between January 2000 and December 2013 at a high-level heart center were included in the study. The in-hospital data of study patients were obtained from the electronic database and from the hospital files. Survival data were analyzed as a long-term outcome. Results A total of 245 patients aged 80-93 years were evaluated in the study. The patients were followed up 5.4±3.7 years after open-heart surgery. In-hospital mortality rates were 10% in elective cases and 15.1% overall. Age ≥85 years, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and emergency surgery were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. The median survival time was found to be 4.4±0.3 years for all participants. The long-term survival of patients who underwent emergency cardiac surgery was significantly lower than that of elective patients (log-rank <0.001). Conclusion Octogenarians have satisfactory long-term outcomes after open-heart surgery when operated electively. On the other hand, patients operated under emergency conditions have worse in-hospital outcomes and long-term follow-up results.
Characterization of single layer anti-reflective coatings for bolometer-based rare event searches

Combining analysis from phonon signals and photon signals is a powerful technique for reducing backgrounds in bolometer-based rare event searches. Anti-reflective coatings can significantly increase the performance of the secondary light-sensing bolometer in these experiments. As a first step toward these improvements, coatings of SiO2, HfO2, and TiO2 on Ge and Si wafers were fabricated and characterized at room temperature and multiple angles of incidence.
Heterosis and combining ability for quantitative traits in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Combining ability and heterosis for yield and its component traits in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) were studied among 28 crosses and their 8 parents in a randomized block design at Hyderabad. Highly significant differences for genotype, general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were observed for all the characters under assessment. All the traits under study primarily governed by non-additive gene action except vine length, days to 1st male and female flower appeared, number of fruitsvine−1 and pulp thickness. Among the parents, IC-044438, IC470560, IC-470558 and IC-085622 showed high mean performance as well as high gca effects for one or more traits hence, considered to be superior general combiners for utilization in hybridization programme for the crop improvement in bitter gourd. Among the crosses, IC 044438 x IC 045339, followed by IC-044417 x IC-470558 were found to be highly promising hybrids by expressing heterosis in all forms (relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis) and sca effects in desirable direction for yield and most of the yield contributing characters. For earliness, the crosses, IC044438 x IC-045339, IC-045339 x IC-470550 and IC-045339 x IC-470558 were identified as promising specific crosses.
Does loss of the normal protein function contribute to the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease?

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases are progressive and without a cure. A common finding is one of misfolded protein aggregates, conventionally believed to underlie pathogenesis via a toxic gain of function. Recently, a potential contribution of loss of normal protein function has come under the spotlight. With a focus on huntingtin, the protein involved in Huntington’s disease, this review examines the evidence for the conventional ‘gain of function’ model, before considering the hypothesis that a loss of function contributes to pathogenesis. In support of a primarily toxic gain of function are findings that huntingtin aggregates are neurotoxic in vitro. Additionally, aggregates of mutant huntingtin proteins have been detected prior to neuropathological changes, supporting a causal role. However, a dissociation between the neurons containing mutant huntingtin aggregates and those that are most vulnerable in Huntington’s disease indicates the possibility of a contribution from a loss of protein function. Evidence suggests a neuroprotective role for huntingtin; loss of its functions could feasibly lead to neurodegeneration. An exclusive role of loss of function is contradicted by the finding that genetic ablation of huntingtin protein does not cause Huntington’s disease, but a contribution from loss of function is supported by similarities between neuropathological and behavioural phenotypes in animal models of Huntington’s Disease and those produced by loss of the normal functions of huntingtin. Perhaps, therefore, both loss and gain of function are necessary processes in Huntington’s pathogenesis, with neither one sufficient to cause the disease alone. Review of the current evidence fails to elucidate an exact role for loss of function in Huntington’s disease pathogenesis. More information is required on the extent to which depletion of the normal protein causes, rather than accompanies, disease. In the meantime, attempts at drug discovery should be mindful of the possibility of a contribution from loss of function when designing treatments and interpreting trial results.
The Effect of Audit Committee Characteristics on Audit Quality: The Moderating Role of Internal Audit Function

The purposes of study are to examine the effect of audit committee characteristics namely gender, frequency of meetings, independence member in audit committee and audit committee size on audit quality and the moderating role of internal audit function in the relationship between audit committee characteristics and audit quality. The objective is to contribute to the new evidence on the role of audit committee characteristics plays towards the audit quality with internal audit function as moderator. This research applied a quantitative approach and secondary data as the main source of information for analysis. Stratified random sampling techniques are being used in this study. Further, the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach via SmartPLS was utilized to achieve the research purpose by evaluating the data collected from 250 public listed companies in Malaysia. The results reveal that only three of the audit committee characteristics, namely presence of female members in the audit committee, frequency of meetings and independence of directors, are positively influencing the audit quality for listed companies in Malaysia. Surprisingly, this study also found that internal audit function did not play the moderating effect in the relationship between audit committee characteristics and audit quality. The findings will facilitate researchers and scholars to enhance the understanding of audit committee characteristics particularly the gender, frequency of AC meetings and independence members in the audit committee played in improving overall audit quality. The companies’ stakeholders like professional accountancy body and governments may use the outcomes from this research study to improve existing rules and government regulations and code of conducts of its members to improve the quality of their works. This study contributes to the relatively new discussion on the effect of audit committee characteristics on audit quality by adding internal audit function as a moderator in Malaysia. The outcome from this study may assist the companies’ stakeholders like professional accountancy body and governments in determining improved methods to enhance audit committee characteristics in improving audit quality.
Efficacy of insecticides against the seasonal incidence of major insect-pests of sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.)

An experiment was conducted during Kharif 2013-14 at student instructional farm CSAUAT, Kanpur on seasonal incidence of major insect-pests of sesamum and their management. The experimental results revealed that, the incidence of larval population was 1.17 larvae / plant of Spilarctia obliqua Walk. and 0.39 larvae / plant of Antigastra catalaunalis Dup. in third week of August and maximum population i. e. 2.32 and 1.26 larvae /plant of Spilarctia obliqua Walk. and Antigastra catalaunalis, respectively. Larval population showed increasing trend with the increase in temperature, relative humidity and rainfall and decreases while the larval population got decreases with decrease in temperature, relative humidity and rainfall of both the insect. After spraying of Imidacloprid 17.8 SL (0.01%), Profenophos+Cypermethrin 44 EC (0.05%), Profenophos 50 EC (0.05%), Chlorpyrifos 20 EC (0.05%), Monocrotophos 36 SL (0.05%), Quinalphos 25 EC (0.05%), Fipronil 5 EC (0.05%), Dimethoate 35 EC (0.05%) and Neemarin 15 EC (1.0%), the most effective treatments were found Imidacloprid, Profenophos+Cypermethrin, Profenophos and Chlorpyrifos while least effective treatment was Neemarin. The maximum yield (4.52 q/ ha) was found in Imidacloprid treated plot followed by Profenophos+Cypermethrin (4.45q/ ha), Profenophos (4.20q / ha), Chlorpyrifos (4.13q/ ha), Monocrotophos (4.12q/ ha), Quinalphos (3.95q/ ha), Fipronil (3.95q/ ha) Dimethoate (3.80q/ ha), respectively, while minimum yield (3.42q/ ha) was obtained from Neemarin treated plot.
Decoupling of ΔO2∕Ar and particulate organic carbon dynamics in nearshore surface ocean waters

Abstract. We report results from two Lagrangian drifter surveys off the Oregon coast, using continuous shipboard sensors to estimate mixed-layer gross primary productivity (GPP), community respiration (CR), and net community production (NCP) from variations in biological oxygen saturation ( ΔO2∕Ar ) and optically derived particulate organic carbon (POC). At the first drifter survey, conducted in a nearshore upwelling zone during the development of a microplankton bloom, net changes in ΔO2∕Ar and [POC] were significantly decoupled. Differences in GPP and NCP derived from ΔO2∕Ar (NCP O 2 / Ar ) and POC (NCP POC) time series suggest the presence of large POC losses from the mixed layer. At this site, we utilized the discrepancy between NCP O 2 / Ar and NCP POC , and additional constraints derived from surface water excess nitrous oxide ( N2O ), to evaluate POC loss through particle export, DOC production, and vertical mixing fluxes. At the second drifter survey, conducted in lower-productivity, density-stratified offshore waters, we also observed offsets between ΔO2∕Ar and POC-derived GPP and CR rates. At this site, however, net [POC] and ΔO2∕Ar changes yielded closer agreement in NCP estimates, suggesting a tighter relationship between production and community respiration, as well as lower POC loss rates. These results provide insight into the possibilities and limitations of estimating productivity from continuous underway POC and ΔO2∕Ar data in contrasting oceanic waters. Our observations support the use of diel POC measurements to estimate NCP in lower-productivity waters with limited vertical carbon export and the potential utility of coupled O2 and optical measurements to estimate the fate of POC in high-productivity regions with significant POC export.
Beliefs in Repeated Games

This paper uses a laboratory experiment to study beliefs and their relationship to action and strategy choices in finitely and indefinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma games. We find subjects' beliefs about the other player's action are accurate despite some systematic deviations corresponding to early pessimism in the indefinitely repeated game and late optimism in the finitely repeated game. The data reveals a close link between beliefs and actions that differs between the two games. In particular, the same history of play leads to different beliefs, and the same belief leads to different action choices in each game. Moreover, we find beliefs anticipate the evolution of behavior within a supergame, changing in response to the history of play (in both games) and the number of rounds played (in the finitely repeated game). We then use the subjects' beliefs over actions in each round to identify their beliefs over supergame strategies played by the other player. We find these beliefs correctly capture the different classes of strategies used in each game. Importantly, subjects using different strategies have different beliefs, and for the most part, strategies are subjectively rational given beliefs. The results also suggest subjects tend to overestimate the likelihood that others use the same strategy as them, while underestimating the likelihood that others use less cooperative strategies.
Socio-demographic Variables, Mindful Awareness and Marital Satisfaction among Nursing Mothers in Southeast Nigeria

The quality of marital relationship has far-reaching implications for the health and well-being of the family. Several studies suggest that socio-demographic characteristics and mindful awareness significantly predict the quality of the marital relationship. Literature is scarce about these studies conducted among Nigerian samples. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic factors and mindful awareness as predictors of marital satisfaction among nursing mothers in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. The data for this study were collected at the postnatal clinics and children's welfare clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Enugu, using Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Index of Marital Satisfaction, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Correlation analysis was used to test for association. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the predictor variables for marital satisfaction. The age range of nursing mothers was 20 – 46 years. Over 88% of the nursing mothers enrolled or completed tertiary education program. Higher levels of marital satisfaction were reported in 185 (61.7%) of the mothers. Multiple regression analysis suggested that higher levels of mindfulness and higher levels of educational attainment predicted higher levels of marital satisfaction, while an increase in the level of pregnancies predicted lower levels of marital satisfaction. The research findings may carry significant implications for the role of social-demographic characteristics and mindfulness, awareness in building and sustaining happy marital relationships and general well-being of the family.
Causal Imitation Learning With Unobserved Confounders

One of the common ways children learn is by mimicking adults. Imitation learning focuses on learning policies with suitable performance from demonstrations generated by an expert, with an unspecified performance measure, and unobserved reward signal. Popular methods for imitation learning start by either directly mimicking the behavior policy of an expert (behavior cloning) or by learning a reward function that prioritizes observed expert trajectories (inverse reinforcement learning). However, these methods rely on the assumption that covariates used by the expert to determine her/his actions are fully observed. In this paper, we relax this assumption and study imitation learning when sensory inputs of the learner and the expert differ. First, we provide a non-parametric, graphical criterion that is complete (both necessary and sufficient) for determining the feasibility of imitation from the combinations of demonstration data and qualitative assumptions about the underlying environment, represented in the form of a causal model. We then show that when such a criterion does not hold, imitation could still be feasible by exploiting quantitative knowledge of the expert trajectories. Finally, we develop an efficient procedure for learning the imitating policy from experts' trajectories.
When Deterrence Fails: How Improved Hassling Capabilities Produce Worse Outcomes∗

I formalize interactions between an endogenously rising state and a rival, non-rising state that can accept the rising state's rise, can go to war before the rise comes to fruition, or can degrade the rising state's growth through low-level con ict operations that I call hassling. The novelty here is that the non-rising state has private information about their hassling capabilities; this implies that the rising state does not know how fast it can rise without invoking the non-rising state to hassle or go to war. I nd that when the non-rising state is better able to conduct hassling, it can invoke problematic strategic responses in the rising actor, undermine the non-rising state's ability to use its private information productively, and result in lower utilities for the non-rising state. Empirically, this model provides insight into Saddam Hussein's decision making leading up to the 2003 U.S. invasion, and proxy-wars that occurred during the Cold War. ∗Thanks to Brad Smith, Andrew Coe, Brenton Kenkel, Kris Ramsay, William Spaniel, Michael Joseph, and the Vanderbilt Con ict Workshop and Faculty workshop for helpful comments. I am indebted toHaonan Dong, Ethan Sun, and the Vanderbilt ROCCA lab for outstanding research assistance. All errors are my own.
COMPARISON OF BIAXIAL TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF PLAIN AND STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE (SFRC) WITH DIFFERENT TESTING TECHNIQUES

Most concrete biaxial behaviour investigations are focused on biaxial compression due to the complexity of biaxial test set up. This paper is aimed to construct a simple and economic biaxial testing frame for conducting a biaxial tensile test on plain concrete and steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC). It is also aimed to compare the biaxial tensile behaviour of the current study with the previous research by using different testing techniques under an equal stress ratio. Lever arm principle is applied in the proposed biaxial test set up. For SFRC, hooked-end type steel fibre with fibre volumetric fractions 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% are used. Uniaxial tensile strength of plain concrete is greater than biaxial tensile strength in SFRC. For plain concrete, the opposite result is obtained. The biaxial tensile strength is insignificantly affected by the increment of fibre volumetric fraction but the post-cracking behaviour of concrete is enhanced with the inclusion of steel fibre, which is in agreement with previous findings. The comparison shows that the proposed biaxial testing technique proposed is suitable to conduct biaxial tensile test.
Extension of Pin-based Point-wise Energy Slowing-down Method into Double Heterogeneity Fuel

Recently, Pin-based pointwise energy Slowing-down Method (PSM) [1] was proposed for overcoming the limitation of the equivalence theory [2] in the resonance treatment. Also, it was successfully implemented into DeCART [3] and verified with some high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) problems [4]. However, the method was developed with the assumption that a fuel region is homogeneous. Thus, it is not directly applied to the double heterogeneity (DH) fuel of HTGR which consists of a matrix and TRISO fuel particles. In our previous work, the PSM was just applied to fuel pins with a homogeneous fuel compact. For applying the PSM into a DH fuel, it is necessary to homogenize the fuel compact region. This approach is similar to the two-step resonance treatment method for the DH fuel of SCALE code system [5]. In the first step, pointwise homogenized cross sections for the compact region should be prepared after solving the slowing down equation for a spherical unit cell composed of a TRISO and a matrix layer. The shielded cross section for the homogenized fuel compact can be then obtained using the conventional equivalence theory. However, the verification report [6] shows that the spherical unit cell without a moderator material causes the error over 300 pcm. Also, the method has the limitation of the equivalence theory. In this study, a modified two-step method based on the PSM, named as PSM-DH, is proposed for the resonance treatment in a DH fuel. The method has an improved spherical unit cell model with a moderator in the outermost layer and applies the PSM in the selfshield cross section generation step for the homogenized compact region.
Efficacy of Primary Tumor Resection in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival benefit of palliative primary tumor resection in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with unresectable metastases. Material/Methods Clinicopathological characteristics of eligible patients who underwent surgery to remove the primary tumor and those who did not between 2004 and 2013 were compared. We also evaluated the association between survival and different clinicopathologic characteristics in metastatic CRC. Results The percentage of patients undergoing surgical resection of the primary tumor was higher during the earlier years and trended toward less use of surgery in later years. Palliative primary tumor resection was strongly associated with better cause-specific survival (hazard ratio=0.403, 95% confidence interval=0.389 to 0.417, P<0.001). Conclusions We added new strong evidence supporting the survival benefit of palliative resection, which should be confirmed in future randomized controlled trials.