Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regional and Local Variation in the Chemical Composition of Ombrogenous Mire Waters in Britain and Ireland

1. Chemical analyses are presented of major ions (H + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Na + , Cl − , SO 4 2− ) in water samples from 39 ombrogenous bog sites and 10 basin and valley mires in Britain and Ireland. 2. The first axis in principal component analyses of the data is most strongly correlated with Na + , Mg 2+ and Cl − , reflecting total ionic concentration dominated by sea-spray components; subsequent axes correlate particularly with Ca 2+ , H + and SO 4 2− and largely reflect terrestrial and pollution inputs. 3. The quotient of total to marine-derived Ca 2+ shows a broad regional trend from values below 2 on the Atlantic coast of Ireland to 5 or more inland in Britain, with considerable local variation
Reduction of Corn Yield by First-Generation Southwestern Corn Borers

The effect of first-generation southwestern corn borers ( Zeadiatraea grandiosella Dyar) on the development and yield of dent and sweet corn was studied at Stillwater, Okla. , in 1955. Plants in different stages of growth were manually infested with newly hatched larvae. Plant height was not significantly affected, but the weight of plants was reduced moderately by the borers. There was a greater reduction in yield of grain from small than from large corn plants. Dead heart was also more prevalent in the plants that were smallest at the time of infesting. Since small plants had greater damage than larger ones, the earliest planting consistent with good agronomic practices should avoid the greatest damage by the first generation of this borer. Dissections made at harvest did not give an accurate measurement of first-generation populations.
Comparative Analysis of Segmentation and Recognition Techniques for Offline Handwritten Words

A Pre-processing is the initial and vital phase in optical character recognition is the Pre-processing. Segmentation deals with the extraction of individual component from a document image. Number of techniques like projection profile, connected components, gaps between characters/components is reported in the literature for component extraction followed by feature extraction and recognition of the individual component. These techniques gives good results if components are isolated but fails if components are touched, shadowed or skewed. A novel technique is required to address such issues to enhance the recognition rate. The problem of segmentation for Roman script cursive handwriting is addressed by various authors but not enough addressed for Indian script especially Devanagari script. This paper is a review which is confined to offline handwritten script domain. It attempt to review various techniques for character segmentation considering touching characters for offline handwritten words in Devanagari script and scripts sharing similar characteristics (like Bangla, Gurumukhi), database used and their accuracy reported in the literature.
Typologies of Sexual Double Standard Adherence in Spanish Population

Sexual double standard (SDS) involves evaluating the same sexual behaviors in men and women using different criteria. The support for man-favorable SDS is related to sexual aggression and sexual victimization. Yet to date, studies have not examined the prevalence of SDS adherence. This study aims to identify the prevalence per gender and age of the Spanish population who adheres to the SDS typologies (man-favorable, woman-favorable, egalitarian, ambivalent) by considering sexual freedom and sexual shyness areas. A sample of 2,002 Spanish heterosexual adults (50p men, 50p women), distributed into four age groups (18-25, 26-35, 36-55 and over 55 years old), answered the Sexual Double Standard Scale. The results showed differences in the prevalence of SDS typologies by gender and age. By gender, a higher prevalence of the man-favorable typology was observed in men and a higher prevalence of the egalitarian typology and the woman-favorable typology was observed in women. By age groups, significant differences in man-favorable and woman-favorable typologies were found in both men and women. Based on the evidence of four adherence to SDS typologies, it is recommended studying the relation of these typologies with sexual aggression/victimization to design more efficient programs for prevention and intervention of sexual violence.
Etiological profile and correlation of radiological and endoscopic modalities for evaluation of nasal obstruction: a hospital-based study

Background: Nasal obstruction causes considerable disease burden on our society and is frequently under-treated and under-evaluated. Aim of the study was to establish etiological profile and evaluate correlation of radiological and endoscopic modalities for evaluation of nasal obstruction. Methods: Ninety patients with nasal obstruction presenting to OPD of a tertiary hospital were evaluated with history/physical examination, rhinoscopy and radiological assessment by X-ray of para nasal sinuses (PNS), Computerized tomography of PNS (CT-PNS) and nasal endoscopy. Results: Inflammatory polyps were most common cause (33%) of nasal obstruction in our population which was young in age (20-40 years), the obstruction being predominantly of short duration (<10 months). CT-PNS had significantly better performance than X-ray PNS in detection of nasal polyp and cyst. There was good agreement between CT-PNS and nasal endoscopy for most of the cases. Polyps and mucosal oedema had significantly higher detection rates by endoscopy while CT-PNS was better in assessment of DNS. Conclusion: CT-PNS and Nasal endoscopy are superior for assessment of nasal obstruction and complement each other.
Association of ocular biometric parameters with diabetic retinopathy

Background: To study the association of ocular biometric parameters {Spherical equivalent (SE), Axial length (AL), Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and Corneal curvature (CC)} with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. The study included 100 subjects having various grades of DR as cases and 100 diabetics without DR as controls. The SE was assessed using objective autorefraction, while AL, CC and ACD were measured using the NIDEK AL SCAN. International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale was used for grading of DR. Results: A total of 181 eyes in the study group and 200 eyes in the control group were analysed. Progressive decrease in the mean AL was observed with the increasing severity of DR (p=0.017). Deeper ACD had a negative correlation with severity of DR (p=0.037). No statistically significant difference was observed for AL and ACD with the incidence of DR (p=0.147 and p=0.091 respectively). Likewise, there was no significant relation of DR with SE or CC. Conclusions: Longer AL and deep ACD were protective against progression to the severe forms of DR. However, there was no correlation of AL and ACD with the incidence of DR. The SE and CC were not found to be significant determinants for either development or severity of DR.
Biochemical and pathological evaluation of the effectiveness of nano-targeted sono-photodynamic therapy in breast cancer

Background: Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) is a novel cancer treatment therapy that uses the light of a particular wavelength and sound of a particular frequency to activate a light- and sonosensitive material that attaches selectively tumor cells, causing their breakdown. The present work aims to investigate biochemically and pathologically the effectiveness of using SPDT in combination with either nano-5-aminolevulinic acid (nano-ALA) or nano-Chlorophyll (nano-Chl), as sono-photosensitizers, in curing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumor implanted to a group of mice. Methods: A total of 130 male Swiss albino mice age 60–65 days, weighing 20 ± 2.0 g, were used in this experiment. Two sources of energy were used; namely infrared laser (IR) and Ultrasound for 3 min. When the tumor had grown to about 10 mm in diameter at day 10 after inoculation, the treatment strategy was started. Six experimental groups were investigated. Biochemical analyses were carried out to detect the serum levels for activities of oxidative stress enzymes, liver, and kidney functions. Pathological analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of different treatment modalities on tumor treatment. Results: It was observed that SPDT utilizing nano-ALA or nano-Chl ameliorated the activity levels of the studied enzymes in mice bearing tumor lesions, indicating the safe and non-toxic treatment modality. The pathological evaluation showed that targeted SPDT caused the almost complete destruction of cancer cells. Conclusion: The results suggest that nano-ALA or nano-Chl could be used as a novel and safe nano-materials with great potential as an effective drug delivery system in cancer-targeted SPDT.
Mannheimiosis in Swiss albino mice

A Swiss albino mouse was submitted for necropsy from a lab animal unit in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Congestion of lungs and petechiae were observed during necropsy. Swabs, smears and organs were collected for laboratory investigation. The smears revealed bipolar organism. Upon cultivation pinpoint pink colonies were observed in Mac Conkey agar and are weakly haemolytic in blood agar. The morphological, cultural and bio-chemical characters were suggestive of Mannheimia glucosida (M. glucosida). The organism was further confirmed by multiplex PCR. Histopathological examination revealed pneumonic changes in lungs, haemorrhage in the myocardium and fatty changes in the liver and kidney suggestive of pneumonia and toxicity. This study could be the first report of M. glucosida in mice.
Molecular screening of Helicobacter pylori among Egyptian patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis

Background: Globally Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection and liver diseases are renowned with their high incidence rate. Recent studies have observed the relation between H. Pylori infection and liver disease progression to cirrhosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in liver cirrhotic patients. Patient and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 liver cirrhotic patients to detect H. Pylori infection based on UreA gene detection in ascites using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Biochemical analysis was performed on ascitic fluid, serum, complete blood count (CBC), and polymorph nuclear leukocytes count (PMN). Result: H. Pylori infection was detected in 75% of patients with liver cirrhosis. In ascitic fluid, H. pylori infection showed a highly significant association with albumin and PMN (P=0.0001) and also with other biochemical analyses including serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG), specific gravity, and glucose (P=0.005, 0.0031, and 0.02, respectively). In serum only, the infection showed significant association with alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and hemoglobin with P values of 0.008, 0.014, and 0.008, respectively. Conclusion: The current study results shed light on the significant role of H. Pylori infection in ascites of patients with decompensated end-stage liver cirrhosis suggesting a prospective relation between H. pylori infection and liver diseases progression due to hepatic infections especially HCV.
Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) as prognostic markers in colorectal cancer: A brief review

Neutrophils are cell protagonists of innate immunity, frequently found in the tumor microenvironment and associated with higher tumor stage and adverse prognosis of patients, especially in hepatocellular, renal cell, pancreatic ductal, and non-small cell carcinomas. The aim of the present review is a systematic appraisal of current literature to examine the prognostic role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in patients operated for colorectal cancer. We analyzed 9 articles (number = 4606 patients). Although a noteworthy degree of heterogeneity was found in terms of study methodology, 8 out of 9 articles surprisingly showed an improved survival in colorectal cancers with high TAN counts. These data suggest that TANs may be favorable prognostic markers in colorectal cancer. Therefore, there is need for standardization of TAN assessment that will help in more accurately predicting prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
Effect of Tillage on Water Advancing and Distribution Under Surge and Continuous Furrow Irrigation for Cotton in Egypt

The experiment was conducted in the clay soil of the Agriculture Experimental Station, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. The furrows with blocked ends were 76 cm long and 0.70 m width with 0.0024 m/m of slope. To monitor the advance time, six points were established along the furrows at 9, 18, 27, 36, 45 and 76 m from the inlet. Soil moisture content was measured with gravimetric method at 0-0.25 m and 0.25-0.50 m depths at the beginning, middle and end of the furrows. Hand hoeing tillage system (HH) was compared with weed control tillage system (WC) under continuous flow (CF) and surge flow irrigation (SF). HH decreased the water advance time compared to WC either under continuous or surge flow irrigation. SF also decreased the advance time compared to CF. The greatest effect on the advance time reduction resulted from the combined effect SFHH treatment, which reduced the total supplied water by 22.4 % and 25.7 % during first and second irrigation, respectively compared to the other treatments. Combining surge irrigation and tillage could be an efficient method to use irrigation water efficiently and ensure uniform distribution of soil water. Résumé L’essai a été mené dans la station expérimentale de l’Université d’Assiut en Egypte sur un sol de type argileux. Les raies d’irrigation, fermées à leurs extrémités, mesuraient 76 m de long et 0.70 m de large avec une pente de 0.0024 m/m. Six points de mesure choisis le long de chaque raie (9, 18, 27, 36, 45 et 76 m) ont servi pour mesurer le temps de progression de la lame d’eau. L’humidité du sol a été mesurée par la méthode gravimétrique aux profondeurs 0-0.25 m et 0.25-0.50 m au début, milieu et fin des raies. Le grattage à la daba était comparé au désherbage mécanique en conditions d’irrigation en continue et par intermittence. Le grattage à la daba a réduit le temps de progression en comparaison au désherbage mécanique aussi bien en irrigation continue que par intermittence. L’irrigation par intermittence a réduit la vitesse de progression de la lame comparée à l’irrigation en continue. Le plus grand impact de la réduction du temps de progression de la lame a été le résultat de l’effet combiné de la lame d’eau par intermittence et du travail du sol, ce qui a réduit l’apport en eau respectivement de 22.4% et 25.7% au cours de la première et seconde irrigations. La combinaison « travail du sol et irrigation par intermittence » pourrait être une méthode efficace d’utilisation de l’eau d’irrigation et pourrait assurer une distribution uniforme de l’eau dan le sol.
A feature selection approach for terrestrial hyperspectral image analysis

Feature selection techniques are often employed for reducing data dimensionality, improving computational efficiency, and most importantly for selecting a subset of the most important features for model building. The present study explored the utility of a Filter-Wrapper (FW) approach for feature selection using terrestrial hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. The efficacy of the FW approach was evaluated in conjunction with the Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifiers, to discriminate between water-stressed and non-stressed Shiraz vines. The proposed FW approach yielded a test accuracy of 80.0% (KHAT = 0.6) for both RF and XGBoost, outperforming the more traditional Kruskal-Wallis (KW) filter by more than 20%. The FW approach was also less computationally expensive when compared with the more commonly used Sequential Floating Forward Selection (SFFS) wrapper. Additionally, we examined the effect of hyperparameter optimisation on classification accuracy and computational expense. The results showed that RF marginally outperformed XGBoost when using all wavebands (p = 176) and optimised hyperparameter values. RF yielded a test accuracy of 83.3% (KHAT = 0.67), whereas XGBoost yielded a test accuracy of 81.7% (KHAT = 0.63). Our results further show that optimising hyperparameter values yielded an overall increase in test accuracy, ranging from 0.8% to 5.0%, for both RF and XGBoost. Overall, the results highlight the effect of feature selection and optimisation on the performance of machine learning ensembles for modelling vineyard water stress.
Guidelines for the clinical use of probiotics' and its limited value for gastrointestinal disorders

The World Health Organization describes probiotics as live microorganisms, which when consumed in adequate amounts confer health and benefit to the host. While most commonly eaten worldwide in the form of yogurt or other fermented dairy products, probiotics are present and distributed in many different forms including a wide range of dietary supplements and functional foods. The ingestion of probiotics in their different forms is normal ABSTRACT
Reproduction and Development of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera: Aphididae) at Constant Temperatures

Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), reared on wheat Triticum aestivum L. , at six constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C) had significant differences in longevity and reproduction. Total life span decreased with increasing temperatures and was dependent on the number of nymphal stadia exhibited before the onset of reproduction. Adult life span was longest for aphids having five stadia. Natality was a function of temperature, adult age, and the number of maternal stadia. The average number of nymphs produced per day increased at each temperature regime from 5 to 20°C and then decreased from 20 to 30°C. Natality trends were very symmetrical with no significant differences between 5 and 30°C, 10 and 25°C, and 15 and 20°C. The number of maternal stadia had less impact on natality as temperature increased above 15°C. Total nymphs per aphid was greatest for adults exhibiting four stadia, although variation was high. Aphid mortality was dependent on aphid age and temperature. Regression analyses indicated that mortality trends were not significantly different for cohorts reared at 5, 10, and 15°C, although decreasing temperature effects led to higher survival rates. Mortality was significantly higher over time for each temperature increase above 15°C.
Incremental Neural Coreference Resolution in Constant Memory

We investigate modeling coreference resolution under a fixed memory constraint by extending an incremental clustering algorithm to utilize contextualized encoders and neural components. Given a new sentence, our end-to-end algorithm proposes and scores each mention span against explicit entity representations created from the earlier document context (if any). These spans are then used to update the entity's representations before being forgotten; we only retain a fixed set of salient entities throughout the document. In this work, we successfully convert a high-performing model (Joshi et al., 2020), asymptotically reducing its memory usage to constant space with only a 0.3% relative loss in F1 on OntoNotes 5.0.
A quantum extension of SVM-perf for training nonlinear SVMs in almost linear time

We propose a quantum algorithm for training nonlinear support vector machines (SVM) for feature space learning where classical input data is encoded in the amplitudes of quantum states. Based on the classical SVM-perf algorithm of Joachims \cite{joachims2006training}, our algorithm has a running time which scales linearly in the number of training examples m (up to polylogarithmic factors) and applies to the standard soft-margin ℓ1-SVM model. In contrast, while classical SVM-perf has demonstrated impressive performance on both linear and nonlinear SVMs, its efficiency is guaranteed only in certain cases: it achieves linear m scaling only for linear SVMs, where classification is performed in the original input data space, or for the special cases of low-rank or shift-invariant kernels. Similarly, previously proposed quantum algorithms either have super-linear scaling in m, or else apply to different SVM models such as the hard-margin or least squares ℓ2-SVM which lack certain desirable properties of the soft-margin ℓ1-SVM model. We classically simulate our algorithm and give evidence that it can perform well in practice, and not only for asymptotically large data sets.
Comparative evaluation of artificial rupture of membranes and spontaneous rupture of membranes on course of labour and feto-maternal outcomes

The primary aim of intrapartum obstetric care is to deliver healthy babies to healthy mothers with minimum adverse effects. This objective is achieved by close monitoring of maternal and fetal conditions during labour with appropriate interventions when necessary. One of these interventions introduced in labour management is the artificial rupture of fetal membranes (amniotomy/ ARM) in labour for augmentation of labour without adverse feto-maternal outcomes. Amniotomy is the most common intervention in modern obstetrics and influences the overall management of intrapartum obstetric care. Ruptured membranes, done for induction and for augmentation of labour, improves progress of labour and shortens labour. It facilitates detection of meconium and blood to alert the obstetricians, enables better intrapartum surveillance. Many obstetrician advocates artificial rupture of membranes on the belief that it increases uterine contractions and therefore improves the labour progress importantly in cases of prolong labour. It is believed that after rupture of membranes there is increased production of prostaglandins with oxytocin which acts on uterus to cause stronger uterine contractions and promotes cervical dilatation. Prolonged labour causes increased maternal morbidity and mortality. According to WHO 2015, approximately half a million women died annually in labour. Haemorrhage and infection, which are strongly associated with prolong labour, are the significant cause of mortality. For this ABSTRACT
Culture of Chlorella ellipsoidea (Gerneck) in Supernatant of Different Concentrations of Digested Waste Potato Powder

The growth performance of Chlorella ellipsoidea was eval uated i n supernatants of different concentrations of digested waste potato powder (DWPP) medi um, Bold basal medi um (BBM) as control and tap-water (TW) wi thout added n utrient i n the laboratory for th ree months. Three different amounts of waste potato powder such as 0.80, 1 . 00 and 1 . 20 g/ 1 were allowed to digest for I O days to get clear supernatant. The i nitial cell density of C. ellipsoidea was2.5 x I05 per ml which attai ned a maximum density of 227.45 x I05 cell/ml in BBM , 220x I05 cell/ml i n supernatant of 0.80 g DWPP/ 1 followed by I87.33 x I05 cell/ml i n supernatant of 1 . 00 g DWPP/1 and I58.67 x I05 cell/ml in superna­ tant of 1 . 20 g DWPP/ 1 and 126.823 x I 05 cell/ml in tap-water without added n utrien t. Similar trend was observed i n the cases of chlorophyll . l! of th is microalga and optical density of media containi ng C. ellipsoidea . The prox i mate compo­ sition of waste potato powder was found to contai n (on dry matter basis) 8.67% moisture , 1 3.31 % crude protein , 1 . 60% crude lipids and 4.55% ash. C. ellipsoidea grown in various concentrations of DWPP, TW and BBM was analyzed and it was found that th e amount of moisture , crude protein , crude l ipids and ash varied from 7. 1 5 to 8.00%,23.4 to 48.11 %, 8.63 to 1 4.23%, and 2.66 to 4.05%, respectively. Cell n umber of C. ellipsoidea was significantl y (p<0.05) higher when grown i n supernatant of 0.80 g/ 1 DWPP than i n supernatant of other concentrations of DWPP, TW and BBM. Chlorophyll . l! of C. ellipsoidea and optica l density of culture media of three concentrations of DWPP,TW and BBM followed almost similar trend. However, cell number was significantl y (p < 0.05) correlated with chlorophyll _! (r = 0.965).