Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE DE LA DISTRIBUTION SOUS FORME SOLIDE OU LIQUIDE D'UN SUPPLÉMENT RICHE EN PROTÉINES CHEZ LE VEAU RUMINANT

Douze veaux mâles de race Frisonne ont été sevrés à l’â ge de 6 semaines. Ils ont été répartis en 2 lots une semaine avant le sec-rage. Ils ont alors reçu pcndant une période expérimentale de i i semaines un aliment concentré ainsi qu’un supplément protéique (6 7 p. ioo de tourteau de soja cuit, 3z p. ioo de poudre de lactosérum et i p. roo de méthionine) distribué sous forme solide (lot « Supplément solide u) ou sous forme liquidc (lot « Supplément liquide »). La distribution du supplément sous forme liquide a entraîné une diminution importante de l’urémie plasmatique (2i mg/ioo ml au lieu de 38, 2 h après le repas). Elle a également provoqué un accroissement des teneurs sanguines en la plupart des acides aminés indispensables (fig. l), ), particulièrement en méthionine (3,; mg de inéthioninef I oo ml au lieu de o, 4n, 4 h après le repas). La forme liquide a donc permis de faire passer directement le supplément protéique dans la caillette et d’éviter sa dégradation dans le rumen. Cependant, l’amélioration observée dans la croissance (z, 9 p. ioo) et l’efficacité alimentaire (4, p. roo) n’a pas été significative (tabl. i).
Reply to the comment by Holland and Stokes on "Fishing and the impact of marine reserves in a variable environment"

In Rodwell and Roberts (2004), we investigated the impact of marine reserve establishment on the level of fish catch and biomass levels in both open access and quotamanaged fisheries under conditions of variability in recruitment and natural mortality. We considered a range of quotas (10% to 50% of exploitable biomass) and fisheries that had been either previously unexploited (i.e., in excellent initial condition) or previously heavily exploited (in poor initial condition). We concluded that under some conditions reserves can increase the probability of achieving target stock biomass levels, increase mean catch levels, and reduce catch variability in neighbouring fisheries. Holland and Stokes (2006) have made some interesting comments regarding the results of our model, focusing on the results for a previously unexploited, well-managed quota fishery.
Long-term effect of varying nutrient management practices on the distribution of native iron and manganese in various chemical pools under rice – wheat cropping

Abstract A long-term experiment under a rice – wheat system was used to investigate the effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers application on the distribution of Fe and Mn in various soil fractions. The cultivation of rice – wheat continuously for seven years without any fertilization did not deplete the amounts of Fe and Mn in various fractions from their original levels. Application of farmyard manure, press mud and green manure along with chemical fertilizers increased the Fe content by 37.5, 56.3 and 75.0% in water-soluble plus exchangeable fraction, respectively compared to chemical fertilizer only treatment (N150P75K75Zn25). In organically bound Fe fractions, the increases due to corresponding treatments over fertilizer-only treatment were 16.4, 20.7 and 10.3%, respectively. The water-soluble plus exchangeable Mn registered an increase of 84.6, 46.2 and 46.2% with N150P75K75Zn25 + farmyard manure, N150 + press mud and N150P37.5K37.5Zn25 + green manure treatments, respectively, compared to N150P75K75Zn25 treatment. The organically bound Mn fraction was almost 2.6 times greater in organic manures + inorganic fertilizers treatments than fertilizer alone treatment. The amounts of both Fe and Mn in water-soluble plus exchangeable, organically bound and Mn-oxide fractions were significantly higher after rice than after wheat harvest.
Auditory characteristics and sexual dimorphism in the gypsy moth

ABSTRACT. The auditory characteristics of two populations (laboratory reared and wild) of North American gypsy moths (Lymantriidae: Lymantria dispar L.) were sampled and the neurally derived thresholds of wild males and females to frequencies from 5 to 150 kHz compared. The noctuoid auditory receptors, Al and A2‐cell, and putative proprioceptor, B‐cell, were identified. Both sexes possess neurally responsive ears but females exhibit median best frequencies significantly lower than those of males. Audiogram comparisons reveal significantly different thresholds at 5–15 kHz, 30–120 kHz and 130–140 kHz, with females less sensitive to all but the lowest frequencies. Wild male populations reveal less audiogram variability than laboratory‐reared individuals, while females' tuning curves appear more similar. The high variability present in colony moths warrants caution in the use of laboratory‐reared insects for studies that assume natural levels of selection pressure. We suggest that male L. dispar possess adaptively functional ears tuned to the frequencies in the echo‐location signals of bats but that the flightless females of this species are not exposed to bat predation and therefore possess ears in a state of evolutionary degeneration.
Hatcheries, Conservation, and Sustainable Fisheries—Achieving Multiple Goals: Results of the Hatchery Scientific Review Group's Columbia River Basin Review

Abstract New hatchery management strategies in the Columbia River Basin focus on conservation of naturally spawning populations as an equal priority to providing fish for harvest—a difficult halance to achieve. The Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG) assessed 178 hatchery programs and 351 salmonid populations to determine how to achieve managers’ goals for conservation and sustainable fisheries. Modeling determined the best strategy, using an approach based on best available science, goal identification, scientific defensibility, and adaptive management to refocus from an aquaculture paradigm to a renewable natural resource paradigm. We concluded that hatcheries and natural populations must be managed with the same biological principles. HSRG solutions improved the conservation status of many populations (25% for steelhead trout, more than 70% for Chinook and coho salmons) while also providing increased harvest. Natural-origin steelhead trout and coho salmon spawners increased by 6,000 to 10,000; Chin.
Effects of backgrounding and finishing growth rates on P8 fat and intramuscular fat in Bos taurus steers

The present study investigates the effects of backgrounding and finishing growth rates of Bos taurus steers grown out on three post-weaning growth pathways, across 4 years (1995–1998) on fat deposition. Scanned P8 fat at backgrounding exit (SP8exit), scanned P8 fat before slaughter (SP8sla) and carcass intramuscular fat (IMF, %) were evaluated. Four equations to predict SP8sla and four equations to predict carcass IMF across years were developed. Three post-weaning growth pathways (GPs) generated by different nutritional treatments across years were used in the study. Growth pathways were created by backgrounding steers on pasture with no supplementation (GP1), pasture plus supplementary feeding formulated pellets (GP2) or pasture with access to a forage crop (GP3). The steers were then finished in a feedlot or on pasture to slaughter weights of 520 kg (Korean market specification) or 600 kg (Japanese market specification). Cubic smoothing splines were fitted to the liveweight of all animals from the start of backgrounding until slaughter. Backgrounding growth rates were interpolated off the GP curves and the mean average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) at Day 100 (D100, Days 100–91 before relocation to the finishing phase), and Day 150 (D150, Days 150–141 before relocation to the finishing phase) were calculated. Significant (P < 0.01) differences between SP8exit and backgrounding ADG (BADG) were detected in all years except GP2 v. GP3 in 1997. GP1 steers had the lowest BADG across all years, ranging from 0.39 to 0.88 kg/day. At backgrounding exit, the mean SP8exit for the different GPs was ranked, with GP1 < GP3 for all years, with significant (P < 0.01) differences among GP1, GP2 and GP3 in all years except 1996. At the end of finishing, the mean carcass IMF over all years and finish (pasture and feedlot) (P < 0.05) was 4.71% for GP1 v. 5.09% for GP3 for Korean market steers and the mean SP8sla (P < 0.01) was 14.59 mm for GP1 v. 16.04 mm for GP3 and the mean carcass IMF (P < 0.01) was 5.54% for GP1 v. 6.27% for GP3 for Japanese market steers. The residual correlation of the multivariate response variables, namely, D100, D150 and BADG v. SP8exit (n = 1054), SP8sla (n = 1049) and carcass IMF (n = 1002), indicated that the highest correlations, all significant (P < 0.01), were 0.33, 0.20 and 0.12 for BADG v. SP8exit, SP8sla and carcass IMF, respectively. The residual variances (mm2) of the four SP8sla equations were 6.14, 7.44, 8.72 and 10.73 for 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively, and the residual variances (%2) for the four carcass IMF equations were 2.51, 2.26, 1.75 and 0.84, for 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
When oceans meet: a teleost shows secondary intergradation at an Indian–Pacific interface

The Indo–West Pacific is characterized by extraordinary marine species diversity. The evolutionary mechanisms responsible for generating this diversity remain puzzling, but are often linked to Pleistocene sea level fluctuations. The impact of these sea level changes on the population genetic architecture of the estuarine fish Lates calcarifer are investigated via a natural experiment in a region of the Indo–West Pacific known to have undergone considerable change during the Pleistocene. L. calcarifer, a coastline–restricted catadromous teleost, provides an excellent model for studying the effects of sea level change as its habitat requirements potentially make it sensitive to the region's physical history. Evidence was found for a large phylogenetic break (4% mtDNA control region; 0.47% ATPase 6 and 8) either side of the Torres Strait, which separates the Western Pacifc and Indian Oceans, although some mixing of the clades was evident. This suggests clinal secondary introgression of the clades via contemporary gene flow. Further, populations on Australia's east coast appear to have passed through a bottleneck. This was linked to the historical drying of the Great Barrier Reef coastal lagoon, which resulted in a significant loss of habitat and forced retreat into isolated refugia. These results suggest that historical eustatic changes have left a significant imprint on the molecular diversity within marine species as well as among those in the Indo–West Pacifc.
Aggregation pheromone of the agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus

The agave weevil, Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important insect pest of wild and cultivated agaves in the world. Combined gas chromatography‐electroantennography (GC‐EAD) analysis of male volatile extracts showed that four peaks elicited antennal responses from males and females. The peaks were identified by GC‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) as 2‐methyl‐4‐heptanol (1), 2‐methyl‐4‐octanol (2), 2‐methyl‐4‐heptanone (3), and 2‐methyl‐4‐octanone (4). Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings of both sexes to 0.01‐, 0.1‐, 1‐, and 10‐µg stimulus load of synthetic compounds showed that the dose of the tested compounds and weevil sex significantly influenced the antennal response of S. acupunctatus. However, there was no sexual dimorphism in the antennal responses to the four synthetic compounds evaluated because the EAG profiles revealed no interaction between doses by sex. Antennae of S. acupunctatus were most sensitive to compounds 2 and 4, reaching the threshold at a 0.01‐µg stimulus load. Weevil antennae were less sensitive to compounds 1 and 3, and the threshold response to these compounds was 0.1 µg. Behavioural evaluation of the synthetic compounds showed them to be attractive to both males and females in a Y‐tube olfactometer. Field experiments confirmed the laboratory results, showing that all components, singly or in blends, were attractive to the weevils. In general, traps baited with the quaternary blend of compounds 1–4 captured significantly more weevils than traps baited with males. However, compounds 3 and 4 were sufficient to obtain captures equivalent to those by the quaternary blend. The potential use of the aggregation pheromone in the development of a mass‐trapping programme as a viable pest management alternative for S. acupunctatus is discussed.
Analysis of the mating activity of male tsetse flies Glossina m. morsitans and G. pallidipes in the laboratory

ABSTRACT. The responses of male Glossina morsitans morsitans West‐wood and Glossina pallidipes Austen to freeze‐killed females were examined in the laboratory. Analyses were performed using a specially designed, automated, computer‐based, recording system. G. pallidipes were more active than G. m. morsitans, interacting with the female decoys twice as often. Interactions with the decoys divided broadly into short‐stay (<60 s) and long‐stay, full copulatory attempts. For G. m. morsitans 90% of interactions resulted in full copulatory attempts, the mean duration of which was >1 h. For G. pallidipes only 40% of interactions resulted in full copulatory attempts, the mean duration of which was 35 min. The initiation of interactions showed a clear V‐shaped activity pattern in G. m. morsitans but in G. pallidipes only a morning peak was observed. In neither species was there a tendency for full copulatory responses to be initiated in any specific period of the diurnal activity pattern. The results indicate that the two species have very different mating systems, and represent an initial step in the quantification of these differences.
Amphibians and reptiles from southeastern Goiás, Central Brazil

Even harboring a high diversity and many endemic species of amphibians and reptiles, the Cerrado biome has shown drastic changes due to the conversion of natural areas into pastures and plantations. Here, we present a checklist of amphibians and reptiles from southeastern state of Goias, Central Brazil. This checklist was the result of collecting efforts of an inventory along the basin of the Piracanjuba and Peixe rivers carried out between September 2010 and January 2011. We recorded 39 amphibians and 40 reptiles. These results were also compared to other studies in the Cerrado biome. Our results showed that this region has a rich herpetofauna, despite the progress of anthropogenic activities in the region.
Eunuchs: The Role of Apyrene Sperm in Lepidoptera?

Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) generally produce two types of spermatozoa: a typical nucleated (eupyrene) spermatozoon and a smaller anucleate (apyrene) spermatozoon. The apyrene sperm often predominate over the eupyrene sperm in an ejaculate and, in the female, they migrate actively to the sperm storage organ, the spermatheca. There they usually degenerate, apparently not playing any role in fertilization of the eggs. Several hypotheses for the function of the apyrene sperm have been proposed. These center around the notions that the apyrene sperm may assist the eupyrene sperm in their migration from the testes in the male to the spermatheca in the female or that they function as a nutritional supplement in the female. No experimental support for these notions has been adduced and observational evidence seems to argue against them. We propose that apyrene sperm may play, at least additionally, a role in competition between rival sperm deposited by different males. They may either eliminate, by displacement or inactivation, eupyrene sperm from previous matings or prevent or delay further mating by the female. Several peculiar attributes of the apyrene sperm support these hypotheses. Their much simplified morphology and frequent large preponderance over the eupyrene sperm, their immediate activation during ejaculation and consequent rapid migration to the spermatheca, suggest they might act to overwhelm any sperm stored there from previous matings. The same attributes would also serve to stuff the spermatheca as efficiently and completely as possible, thus perhaps signaling a successful insemination to the female and thereby reducing her receptivity to further mating. We suggest that apyrene sperm are a morphological manifestation of a more widespread phenomenon wherein accessory sperm may play an important role in sperm competition.
Identifying the natural flow regime and the relationship with riparian vegetation for two contrasting western Australian rivers

The natural flow regime and the relationship between flows and riparian vegetation are described for sites on both the Blackwood River in south-western Australia and the Ord River in north-western Australia. Analysis of long-term flow data showed the historic mean monthly river discharge for the Blackwood River is strongly seasonal and highly predictable with generally low variability each month. The Ord River showed a strong seasonality of flows with about 92% of the (total) yearly flow occurring between December and March. Flow variability was very high (e.g. coefficient of variation >100% for all months) but highly predictable, with this mostly attributed to low but constant dry-season flows. Water depth, duration of flood events and the number of flood events per year show a significant correlation with aspects of the riparian vegetation within experimental vegetation plots. Results highlight the strong relationship between floristics, life form structure and population dynamics with stream hydrology. On the Blackwood River, species richness and cover of shrubs reduced with increased duration and frequency of flooding, while cover of exotic species and annual herbs increased with increased flooding. Germination of tree seedlings was not influenced by flood regime but size class of tree species increased with flooding frequency. On the Ord River, species richness was not influenced by flooding regime. However, cover of perennial grasses increased with flooding frequency whilst cover of shrubs decreased. There was no relationship between flooding and seedling establishment whilst tree size class decreased with increased flooding. The methods described here can be used to compare the response of different components of the riparian vegetation to different fluvial regimes (e.g. because of impoundment and abstraction). This technique can be expanded for the management of riparian zones and planning rehabilitation programmes. It may also be useful for improving the ecological knowledge base for setting environmental flows in regulated systems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma cortisol stress response in fingerling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, to various transport conditions, anaesthesia, and cold shock

Plasma cortisol levels of fingerling rainbow trout were measured as an index of the stress resulting from various procedures used for transport of the fish for stocking. When transported under ‘normal’ conditions, which included water at the hatchery acclimation temperature (10–11°C), O2 saturation or supersaturation, and neutral pH, there was a marked increase in plasma cortisol levels within 0.5 h, which was maintained over the next 4 h of transport; there was a significant decrease in plasma cortisol by 8 h of transport. It was found that the plasma cortisol levels at 4 and 8 h were not appreciably altered by transport under partial O2 desaturation, O2 saturation, O2 supersaturation, or 0.5% NaCl, or by anaesthesia with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222) prior to capture and transport in MS 222-free water or 0.5% NaCl. A 15 min exposure to an immobilizing dose of buffered or unbuffered MS 222, or 2-phenoxyethanol, caused an increase in plasma cortisol of about 2 h duration, indicating that anaesthetics are themselves stressful. Exposure to chilled water (1° C) caused a large increase in plasma cortisol levels by 4 h after initiation of exposure; plasma cortisol had decreased at 1 day, and by 2 days a constant level was reached which was above the level in fingerling trout under ‘normal’ hatchery conditions. Trout acclimated to chilled water for 24 h and transported in chilled water had an increase in plasma cortisol during transport. Anaesthesia prior to transport or addition of salt did not reduce the stress of transport as judged by plasma cortisol levels. The results indicate that stress from capture and transport during stocking cannot be avoided using present methods.
SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF A HIMANTHALIA ELONGATA (FUCALES, PHAEOPHYTA) POPULATION

In dense monospecific stands of plants intraspecific competition usually results in self‐thinning, the concurrent increase in biomass and decrease in density over time. Self‐thinning may also result in a change in the spatial pattern of individuals, but so far the spatial dynamics of marine plants has not been investigated. The brown alga Himanthalia elongata (L.) S. F. Gray forms dense monospecific stands on many northern temperate rocky shores, and various attributes (including its simple form) facilitated the study of the spatial dynamics of this species.
Quantitative sensory testing Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

— Objective: This assessment evaluates the clinical utility, efficacy, and safety of quantitative sensory testing (QST). Methods: By searching MEDLINE, Current Contents, and their personal files, the authors identified 350 articles. Selected articles utilized computer operated threshold systems, manually operated threshold systems, and electrical threshold devices. The authors evaluated the use of normal values and the degree of reproducibility between the same and different systems. Articles were rated using a standard classification of evidence scheme. Results: Because of differences between systems, normal values from one system cannot be transposed to others. Reproducibility of results was also an important concern, and there is no consensus on how it should be defined. The authors identified no adequately powered class I studies demonstrating the effectiveness of QST in evaluating any particular disorder. A number of class II and III studies demonstrated that QST is probably or possibly useful in identifying small or large fiber sensory abnormalities in patients with diabetic neuropathy, small fiber neuropathies, uremic neuropathies, and demyelinating neuropathy. Conclu-sions: QST is a potentially useful tool for measuring sensory impairment for clinical and research studies. However, QST results should not be the sole criteria used to diagnose pathology. Because malingering and other nonorganic factors can influence the test results, QST is not currently useful for the purpose of resolving medicolegal matters. Well-designed studies comparing different QST devices and methodologies are needed and should include patients with abnormalities detected solely by QST.
Nomenclatural updates of Aristolochia subgenus Pararistolochia (Aristolochiaceae)

Abstract. Aristolochia subgenus Pararistolochia is revised and 35 species, distributed in tropical Africa and Australasia, are recognised. Fourteen new combinations and two new names are presented, resulting from the transfer of all taxa of Pararistolochia to Aristolochia. Additionally, a neotype is designated for Aristolochia preussii.