Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutagenic Joining of Enzymatically Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Nonirradiated Cells

Departments of a Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, b Emory Integrated Genomics Core and c Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; d The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; e Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; and f Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
DeRL: Coupling Decomposition in Action Space for Reinforcement Learning Task

This paper is concerned with complex reinforcement learning tasks whose observations are difficult to characterize as appropriate inputs for policy mapping. The representation learning technique is leveraged to extract the features from the observations for optimal action generation. In literature, the action vector, which consists of actions in each dimension, is usually learned from the full features. However, we find empirically that different actions may be only highly related to small part of the features and weakly depend on the rest. Therefore, this unified learning strategy may lead to performance degradation, and a separate learning method is motivated. In this paper, we propose a novel method called Decoupled Reinforcement Learning (DeRL) that decomposes action space by replacing the policy network with decoupled sub-policy group. To cater to all types of tasks where agents. actions in different dimensions can be either weakly correlated or strongly correlated, the Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (Bi-RNN) is added as an essential component to capture further shared features for generating more accurate action. In this framework, the decoupled policy network maintains joint representations required by the decision of all actions in different dimensions while decreasing preference in the learning process. In addition, we give a theoretical analysis of DeRL from the perspective of information theory, which shows the difference in information loss between DeRL and others. The performance of the proposed method has been verified by contrastive experiments on 12 tasks, including Mujoco, Atari, and other popular environments.
Memorable beginnings, but forgettable endings: Intrinsic memorability alters our subjective experience of time

ABSTRACT Time is the fabric of experience – yet it is incredibly malleable in the mind of the observer: seeming to drag on, or fly right by at different moments. One of the most influential drivers of temporal distortions is attention, where heightened attention dilates subjective time. But an equally important feature of subjective experience involves not just the objects of attention, but also what information will naturally be remembered or forgotten, independent of attention (i.e., intrinsic image memorability). Here we test how memorability influences time perception. Observers viewed scenes in an oddball paradigm, where the last scene could be a forgettable “oddball” amidst memorable ones, or vice versa. Subjective time dilation occurred only for forgettable oddballs, but not memorable ones – demonstrating an oddball effect where the oddball did not differ in low-level visual features, image category, or even subjective memorability. But more importantly, these results emphasize how memory can interact with temporal experience: memorable beginnings may put people in an efficient encoding state, which may in turn influence which moments are dilated in time.
Examining Positive Teacher Characteristics in Terms of Career Adaptability and Happiness Increasing Strategies

Purpose: It was aimed to examine the relationship between positive teacher characteristics and teachers' career adaptability and the strategies they use to increase happiness. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the study, the relationships between the variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis techniques. The research was conducted with teachers working in various public secondary education institutions. The gender of the teachers participating in the study is 180 female and 58 male. The ages of the teachers are between 24 and 50. Their average age is 32.07. The study's data were collected through the "Positive Teacher Scale, Career Adaptability Scale and Happiness Increasing Strategies Scale. " Findings: According to the results of the research, it was seen that positive teacher characteristics were positively related to career exploration, responding positively to the environment, and using mental control strategies. Highlights: On the other hand, there is a negative relationship between positive teacher characteristics and the increased happiness strategy of resting the body. In order to develop positive teacher qualities, specific happiness-increasing strategies and career exploration might be used.
Early prediction of student performance in CS1 programming courses

There is a high failure rate and low academic performance observed in programming courses. To address these issues, it is crucial to predict student performance at an early stage. This allows teachers to provide timely support and interventions to help students achieve their learning objectives. The prediction of student performance has gained significant attention, with researchers focusing on machine learning features and algorithms to improve predictions. This article proposes a model for predicting student performance in a 16-week CS1 programming course, specifically in weeks 3, 5, and 7. The model utilizes three key factors: grades, delivery time, and the number of attempts made by students in programming labs and an exam. Eight classification algorithms were employed to train and evaluate the model, with performance assessed using metrics such as accuracy, recall, F1 score, and AUC. In week 3, the gradient boosting classifier (GBC) achieved the best results with an F1 score of 86%, followed closely by the random forest classifier (RFC) with 83%. These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed model in accurately predicting student performance.
40Ar/39Ar chronostratigraphy of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrites reveals the development of a major magmatic province

The Lipez region of southwest Bolivia is the locus of a major Neogene ignimbrite flare-up, and yet it is the least studied portion of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex of the Central Andes. Recent mapping and laser-fusion 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of sanidine and biotite from 56 locations, coupled with paleomagnetic data, refine the timing and volumes of ignimbrite emplacement in Bolivia and northern Chile to reveal that monotonous intermediate volcanism was prodigious and episodic throughout the complex. The new results unravel the eruptive history of the Pastos Grandes and Guacha calderas, two large multicyclic caldera complexes located in Bolivia. These two calderas, together with the Vilama and La Pacana caldera complexes and smaller ignimbrite shields, were the dominant sources of the ignimbrite-producing eruptions during the ∼10 m.y. history of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex. The oldest ignimbrites erupted between 11 and 10 Ma represent relatively small volumes (approximately hundreds of km 3 ) of magma from sources distributed throughout the volcanic complex. The first major pulse was manifest at 8.41 Ma and 8.33 Ma as the Vilama and Sifon ignimbrites, respectively. During pulse 1, at least 2400 km 3 of dacitic magma was erupted over 0.08 m.y. Pulse 2 involved near-coincident eruptions from three of the major calderas resulting in the 5.60 Ma Pujsa, 5.65 Ma Guacha, and 5.45 Ma Chuhuilla ignimbrites, for a total minimum volume of 3000 km 3 of magma. Pulse 3, the largest, produced at least 3100 km 3 of magma during a 0.1 m.y. period centered at 4 Ma, with the eruption of the 4.09 Ma Puripicar, 4.00 Ma Chaxas, and 3.96 Ma Atana ignimbrites. This third pulse was followed by two more volcanic explosivity index (VEI) 8 eruptions, producing the 3.49 Ma Tara (800 km 3 DRE) and 2.89 Ma Pastos Grandes (1500 km 3 DRE) ignimbrites. In addition to these large caldera-related eruptions, new age determinations refine the timing of two little-known ignimbrite shields, the 5.23 Ma Alota and 1.98 Ma Laguna Colorada centers. Moreover, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age determinations of 13 ignimbrites from northern Chile previously dated by the K-Ar method improve the overall temporal resolution of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex development. Together with the updated volume estimates, the new age determinations demonstrate a distinct onset of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrite volcanism with modest output rates, an episodic middle phase with the highest eruption rates, followed by a decline in volcanic output. The cyclic nature of individual caldera complexes and the spatiotemporal pattern of the volcanic field as a whole are consistent with both incremental construction of plutons as well as a composite Cordilleran batholith.
Water Holding Characteristics of Litter in Three Plantations

The characteristics,including litter amounts,water holding capacity,and proportional water holding capacity and absorption rates,were studied in two evergreen broadleaf mixed plantations and a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation using water immersing method to understand water-conserving functions of the three plantations.The dry mass of litter in evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 1,evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 2 and C.lanceolata plantation were 2 220,898 and 1 255 kg·hm-2,respectively.The biggest water holding capacity of floor mass of evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 1 was the largest(6.8×103 kg·hm-2) among the three plantations,followed by the C.lanceolata plantation(4.1×103 kg·hm-2) and the evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 2(3.3×103 kg·hm-2). The order of proportional water holding capacity as a percentage of the dry mass of litter was evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 2C.lanceolata plantation evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 1 after every time immersed in water.The biggest proportional water holding capacity as a percentage of the dry mass of litter in evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 1,evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 2 and C.lanceolata plantation were 403%,462% and 423%,respectively.The water absorption rate of litter of evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 2 was the largest,followed by the evergreen broadleaf mixed plantation 1 and the C.lanceolata plantation.The total water holding capacity and proportional water holding capacity of litter increased logarithmically with increasing time immersed in water.Water absorption rates of litter in all plantations decreased according to power correlation with increasing time immersed in water.
Cost-effectiveness of analysis serplulimab plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for PD-L1-positive advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective Our study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the addition of serplulimab to chemotherapy (cisplatin and fluorouracil) for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as the first-line treatment in China. Methods A three-state Markov model was established to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for serplulimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. Survival data were extrapolated from the ASTRUM-007 trial, cost data were derived from local sources, and utilities were derived from published literature. Health outcomes were measured as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Sensitivity and probability sensitivity analyses were used to investigate the robustness of the model. Results In the base-case analysis, compared with chemotherapy alone, serplulimab gained an additional 0.16 QALYs with an incremental cost of $29,547.88, leading to an ICER of $184,674.25/QALY. Additionally, the subgroup analyses presented that the ICERs of serplulimab plus chemotherapy were $157,892.50/QALY and $127,996.45/QALY in advanced ESCC patients with 1≤ CPS< 10 and CPS≥ 10, respectively. These ICERs significantly exceeded the Chinese willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold. The deterministic sensitivity analysis illustrated that the cost of progression-free survival in serplulimab plus chemotherapy group was the parameter with the strongest influence on the ICERs. Conclusion In the Chinese health care system, with 3 times China’s per capita gross domestic product as the WTP threshold, compared with chemotherapy alone, serplulimab combined chemotherapy is not economical for PD-L1-positive advanced ESCC in the first-line setting.
Nitrogen removal in wastewater stabilization ponds

Nitrogen (N) loss or removal in wastewater ponds and natural water bodies has been recognized for some time. However, research papers and technical literature published in the last two decades conflict with respect to the pathways and mechanisms responsible for these nitrogen losses. Suggested pathways have included: algal uptake; ammonia volatilization; nitrification-denitrification; retention in the benthic sludge; ammonia adsorption; and various combinations. Most studies seem to agree that nitrogen removal is related to or somehow depends on pH, temperature, and residence time. This in itself does not define the specific removal mechanism, because most biochemical reactions that involve nitrogen will respond strongly to these three factors. In addition, the data was until recently, insufficient to develop a mathematical procedure that could estimate nitrogen removal. Thus system designs that required nitrogen control either eliminated ponds from consideration or ignored any transformations or removal that might occur in the pond and added a final advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) step. The available data have improved significantly with the recent U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publi cation of results from detailed investigations of four facultative ponds in the U. S.1"4 However, the new data have yet to resolve the conflicts or produce a concensus regarding nitrogen removal. Other studies which used the same data from some of the pond investigations disagree significantly on the fate of ammonia nitrogen in a stabilization pond.5,6 The intent of this paper is not to resolve those differences, but rather to present an independent analysis and a new model. This analysis was based on data from all four pond systems in the EPA studies.1"4 The model was then validated with data from other sources.
Oral Mucosal and Dental Affection in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A clinical Survey

Background : Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease predominantly affecting young females. Systemic involvement along with variable clinical presentations characterizes SLE. Various oral and dental manifestations have been described in SLE including oral ulcerations, candida infection, and periodontal disease. We aimed to detect oral mucosal and dental disease in SLE patients and its relation to demographic features, general disease activity, and extra-articular manifestation. Patients and methods : Total 80 patients with SLE were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were allocated into two groups, 40 patients in each group, according to SLE disease control with immunosuppressive medications: group A included patients who had controlled SLE and receiving immunosuppressive medications, and group B included newly diagnosed SLE patients with uncontrolled disease activity and not receiving immunosuppressive medications. SLE disease activity was measured by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SELDAI). The oral and dental examination included: the height of the gingival recession, clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth measurement, gingival index (GI), mobility index (MI), the Plaque index system, the decay missing ﬁ lled (DMF) index, bleeding on probing, oral ulcer, candida infection, angular cheilitis. Result : Comparing group B to group A, dental parameters and oral ulcers were statistically signi ﬁ cantly higher in group B except for candida infection and angular cheilitis which were higher in group A. All oral and dental parameters correlated positively with age and SELDAI. Conclusion : Our study revealed higher dental and oral ulcers in patients not receiving immunosuppressive, except candida infection and angular cheilitis were lower. Dental and oral manifestations correlated positively with age, SELDAI, and various extra-articular manifestations.
Genotype characterization of Epstein–Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia

Background Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with a causative agent in cancer. There are two genotypes of EBV (EBV genotype 1 and EBV genotype 2) that have been shown to infect humans. This study aimed to characterize the EBV genotype among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and HIV-negative individuals in Ethiopia. Methods DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) targeting EBNA3C genes was performed for genotyping. A quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) assay for EBV DNA (EBNA1 ORF) detection and viral load quantification was performed. Statistical significance was determined at a value of p < 0.05. Result In this study, 155 EBV-seropositive individuals were enrolled, including 128 PWH and 27 HIV-negative individuals. Among PWH, EBV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (105/128, 82.0%) genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2 (17/128, 13.3%), and mixed infection (6/128, 4.7%). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.23 copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR): 3.76–4.46], whereas it was 3.84 copies/ml (IQR: 3.74–4.02) in the HIV-negative group. The EBV viral load in PWH was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative individuals (value of p = 0.004). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.25 copies/ml (IQR: 3.83–4.47) in EBV genotype 1 and higher than EBV genotype 2 and mixed infection (p = 0.032). Conclusion In Ethiopia, EBV genotype 1 was found to be the most predominant genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2. Understanding the genotype characterization of EBV in PWH is essential for developing new and innovative strategies for preventing and treating EBV-related complications in this population.
Insect pollination and experimental warming in the High Arctic

As climate change causes retreats in Arctic glaciers, it is important to understand the mechanics of growth and community change in Arctic plant communities. Arctic plants have been shown to respond to observed and experimental changes in temperature by altering their reproductive strategies, growth, and phenology. Researchers have used open-top chambers (OTCs) to experimentally alter the near-surface air temperatures of tundra plant communities over long periods of time, but these devices may exclude insect pollinators to flowers during crucial periods of pollen reception. Insect pollination in the context of OTCs and Arctic plants is therefore important to understand, but has been poorly researched. I altered pollination of Salix arctica, Dryas integrifolia, and Papaver radicatum inside and outside of OTCs in a High Arctic shrub community, and conducted targeted insect netting to understand the dynamics of the visiting insect community. I also conducted bowl trapping inside and outside of OTCs to gauge their effect on insect availability to receptive flowers. OTCs altered the timing of flowering in Arctic plants, and significantly reduced the availability of pollinators to available flowers. However, I found that while both warming and pollination can alter flower and seed production in the study species, pollination is largely independent of OTC warming. Early-flowering species have the potential to be most affected by OTC-induced insect exclusion. The most common visiting insects were flies of the families Syrphidae and Muscidae, with occasional bumblebees (Bombus polaris). Papaver radicatum was by far the most heavily-visited flower, and I showed that the Syrphidae visit the flower preferentially at low temperatures, likely for warmth as well as pollen. I discuss these results in context with the current literature on Arctic plant and insect communities, and make recommendations for future research.
Landscape Scale Assessment of Floodplain Inundation Frequency Using Landsat Imagery

In large river ecosystems, the timing, extent, duration and frequency of floodplain inundation greatly affect the quality of fish and wildlife habitat and the supply of important ecosystem goods and services. Seasonal high flows provide connectivity from the river to the floodplain, and seasonal inundation of the floodplain governs ecosystem structure and function. River regulation and other forms of hydrologic alteration have altered the connectivity of many rivers with their adjacent floodplain – impacting the function of wetlands on the floodplain and in turn, impacting the mainstem river function. Conservation and management of remaining floodplain resources can be improved through a better understanding of the spatial extent and frequency of inundation at scales that are relevant to the species and/or ecological processes of interest. Spatial data products describing dynamic aspects floodplain inundation are, however, not widely available. This study used Landsat imagery to generate multiple observations of inundation extent under varying hydrologic conditions to estimate inundation frequency. Inundation extent was estimated for 50 Landsat scenes and 1334 total images within the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GCPO LCC), a conservation science partnership working in a 730 000‐km2 region in the south central USA. These data were composited into a landscape mosaic to depict relative inundation frequency over the entire GCPO LCC. An analytical methodology is presented for linking the observed inundation extent and frequency with long‐term gage measurements so that the outcomes may be useful in defining meaningful critical thresholds for a variety of floodplain dependent organisms as well as important ecological processes. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA