Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Layer Security Performance Analysis for Relay-Aided Visible Light Communication System

The risk of information leakage increases when the relay technology is introduced to extend the communication range and improve the quality of communication services of cell-edge users in visible light communication (VLC) systems. To evaluate these security risks, physical layer security (PLS) performance for decode-and-forward (DF) relay-aided VLC system is investigated in this paper. Specifically, the theoretical expressions of the upper and lower bounds of the security outage probability (SOP) for the DF relay-aided VLC system under the amplitude constraint are obtained based on a stochastic geometry analysis method. Monte Carlo simulation validates the correctness of the derived theoretical expressions of the upper and lower bounds of the SOP. Moreover, simulation results show that the security outage performance of the DF relay-aided VLC system is deteriorated compared with the non-relay VLC system. Furthermore, the influences of the eavesdroppers' distribution density, the radiation radius of LED source, the radiation radius and deployment height of the relay on the SOP have been investigated. Last but not least, the optimal deployment height of the relay can be determined for achieving the optimum security outage performance. These parameters can effectively guide the design of the secure relay-aided VLC system.
Renal Safety Profile of BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Real-Life Setting: A Study Based on Vigibase®, the WHO Pharmacovigilance Database

Simple Summary The development of oral cancer agents known as “tyrosine kinase inhibitors”—imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib—has considerably improved patient survival and quality of life in hematological cancers such as chronic myeloid leukemia. These drugs target a fusion protein called BCR-ABL, which is localized in cancer cells. However, these agents also recognize other tyrosine kinases, such as VEGFR, PDFGR, c-KIT, or SRC, for example, that may cause adverse drug effects. Some of these tyrosine kinases are localized in the kidney. These observations raise questions regarding the renal safety profile of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This issue was evaluated in the present study, conducted on safety data extracted from VigiBase®, the WHO global safety database. This study showed renal failure and fluid retention signals for the five studied drugs and identified new safety signals for nilotinib, with these being nephrotic syndrome and renal artery stenosis. Abstract Background: Alongside their BCR-ABL specificity, TKIs used in chronic myeloid leukemia also target other tyrosine kinases expressed in the kidney such as PDGFR, c-KIT, SRC, and VEGFR, which may result in specific renal adverse drug reaction (ADR). To evaluate the renal safety profile in real-life conditions, a case/non-case study was performed on VigiBase®, the WHO global safety database. Methods: From 7 November 2001 to 2 June 2021, all cases in which the involvement of imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib was suspected in the occurrence of renal ADR were extracted from VigiBase®. Disproportionality analyses were assessed using the reporting odds ratio. Results: A total of 1409 cases were included. Imatinib accounts for half of the reported cases. A signal of disproportionate reporting (SDR) of renal failure and fluid retention was found for the five TKIs. Only dasatinib and nilotinib were related to an SDR for nephrotic syndrome. Nilotinib and ponatinib were related to an SDR for renal artery stenosis, while dasatinib was related to an SDR for thrombotic microangiopathy. No SDR for tubulointerstitial nephritis was observed. Conclusion: This study identified a new safety signal, nephrotic syndrome, for nilotinib and highlights the importance of post-marketing safety surveillance.
Cosmological perturbations and their effects on the universe: from inflation to acceleration

The universe is, on the largest scales, nearly perfectly isotropic and homogeneous. This degree of smoothness was accentuated in the past, when density inhomogeneities departed from perfect uniformity by only thirty parts per million. These tiny imperfections in the early universe, however, have had enormous impact in causing the universe to evolve into its present state. This dissertation examines the role of these cosmological perturbations throughout various important events during the history of the universe, including in∞ation, linear and nonlinear structure formation, and the current phase of accelerated expansion. The spectrum of perturbations is calculated in the context of extra dimensions, and shown under which conditions it can be thermal. The eAEects of gravitational collapse are shown to generate magnetic Oelds, but not to signiOcantly alter the expansion rate or cause acceleration. Finally, Lyman-break galaxies are examined as a possible distance indicator, and it is found that they may emerge as a powerful tool to better understand the energy content of the universe.
On Residue Difference Sets

In recent years the subject of difference sets has attracted a considerable amount of attention in connection with problems in finite geometries [4]. Difference sets arising from higher power residues were first discussed by Chowla [1], who proved that biquadratic residues modulo p form a difference set if (p — l )/4 is an odd square. In this paper we shall prove a similar result for octic residues and develop some necessary conditions which will eliminate all odd power residue difference sets and many others. We also prove that a perfect residue difference set (that is, one in which every difference appears exactly once) contains all the powers of 2 modulo p.
Milliwatt‐class GaN‐based blue vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers fabricated by epitaxial lateral overgrowth

We have achieved continuous‐wave (CW) operation of gallium nitride (GaN)‐based vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) fabricated by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) using dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) as masks for selective growth. The GaN VCSELs exhibited CW operation at a wavelength of 453.9 nm, and the maximum output power was 1.1 mW, which is the highest value reported to date. GaN‐based materials have presented challenges for obtaining DBRs with high reflectivity and a wide stopband, precise control of the cavity length and a lateral confinement structure to provide laser operation. The proposed VCSEL is immune to these concerns. Its two dielectric DBRs were obtained free from cracks. A high reflectance of more than 99.9% and a stopband with a width of 80–97 nm were obtained for both DBRs. The cavity length was controlled by epitaxial growth to as short as 4.5 µm. An ITO contact electrode on p‐type GaN, which is required for a lateral confinement structure, showed electrical reliability under a high current density of 59.6 kA cm−2. The present data demonstrate that the fabrication process adopted here overcomes the shortcomings that have prevented the widespread use of GaN‐based VCSELs.
Holoprosencephaly: Review of Embryology, Clinical Phenotypes, Etiology and Management

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common malformation of the prosencephalon in humans. It is characterized by a continuum of structural brain anomalies resulting from the failure of midline cleavage of the prosencephalon. The three classic subtypes of HPE are alobar, semilobar and lobar, although a few additional categories have been added to this original classification. The severity of the clinical phenotype is broad and usually mirrors the radiologic and associated facial features. The etiology of HPE includes both environmental and genetic factors. Disruption of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is the main pathophysiologic mechanism underlying HPE. Aneuploidies, chromosomal copy number variants and monogenic disorders are identified in a large proportion of HPE patients. Despite the high postnatal mortality and the invariable presence of developmental delay, recent advances in diagnostic methods and improvements in patient management over the years have helped to increase survival rates. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge related to HPE, and discuss the classification, clinical features, genetic and environmental etiologies and management.
Structure and velocity measurements in underexpanded jets

Abstract The work sets out to determine a suitable analytical model to represent the decay of axial velocity from underexpanded sonic jets. Experiments are carried out using shadowgraphy and laser Doppler anemometry to determine the near field jet structure and the axial velocity distribution for the complete field down to 30 mls over a range of exit nozzle diameters, exit pressure ratios and jet gases. Comparisons are made with existing data and the best models available for fully expanded jets. It is shown that the decay law proposed by Kleinstein, with suitable choice of parameters, gives a good representation when the exit diameter is modified by the exit pressure ratio.
Increased dimensional stability of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla ‘GLGU9’ wood through palm oil thermal treatment

Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla ‘GLGU9’ is one of the most commonly planted tree species in South China. It is a new variety created by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute. As a fast-growing species, the poor dimensional stability is one of its main drawbacks, which restricts its applications. Thermal treatment is one of the effective methods to improve the dimensional stability of wood. GLGU9 wood was treated using thermal modification with palm oil. The oil was used as a heating medium and a shielding material at temperatures of 150, 170, 190, 200, and 210 °C, at various treatment durations of 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 h. To investigate the effect of palm oil thermal treatment on dimensional stability, the anti-shrink efficiency (ASE1) and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE2) were examined. The results indicated that the ASE1 and ASE2 were increased by 62.8% and 56.6% at 210 °C for 6 h treatment, respectively.
Nonparametric estimation of the distribution function in contingent valuation models

Contingent valuation models are used in Economics to value non- market goods and can be expressed as binary choice regression models with one of the regression coe±cients ¯xed. A method for °exibly estimating the link func- tion of such binary choice model is proposed by using a Dirichlet process mixture prior on the space of all latent variable distributions, instead of the more restricted distributions in earlier papers. The model is estimated using a novel MCMC sam- pling scheme that avoids the high autocorrelations in the iterates that usually arise when sampling latent variables that are mixtures. The method allows for variable selection and is illustrated using simulated and real data.
ARTÍCULO EN AVANCE ONLINE

The Annex L of FprEN 1992-1-1:2023 (EC-2) provides provisions for the design of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) structures. This Annex is supported by a comprehensive background document (BD) that gathers the main outcomes of the research carried out on SFRC during the last thirty years. This paper aims to cover the sections of Annex L and supplement those with scientific literature, to help readers reach a deeper understating of the fundamentals and specific details of the proposed formulations and rules.
A Survey of Traumatic Brain Injuries from Road Traffic Collisions in a Lower Middle-Income Country

The burden of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from road traffic collisions (RTCs) is great in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to shortfalls in preventative measures, and the lack of relevant, accurate data collection. To address this gap, we sought to study the epidemiology of TBI from RTCs in two LMIC neurosurgical centres in order to identify factors amenable to preventative strategies. A prospective survey of all adult and paediatric cases of TBI from RTCs admitted to Northwest General Hospital (NWGH) and Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) over a four-week period was carried out. Data on patient demographics, risk factors, injury details, pre-hospitalisation details, admission details and post-acute care was collected and analysed. A total of 68 patients were included in the study. 18 (26%) of the patients were male and in the 30 to 39 age group. Fifty-two percent were two-wheeler riders and/or passengers. 51 (75%) of the RTCs occurred between 12 noon and 12 midnight and in rural areas (66.2%). The most commonly documented risk factor that led to the RTC was speeding (35.3%). Pre-hospital care was either absent or undocumented. Up to two-thirds of patients were not direct transfers, and most were transported in private vehicles (48.5%) arriving later than an hour after injury (94.1%). Less than half with documented disabilities were referred for rehabilitation (38.5%). There are still gaps in the prevention of TBI from RTCs and in relevant data collection. Data collection systems must be strengthened, and further exploratory research carried out in order to improve the prevention of TBI from RTCs.
Can misfortune lead to dishonesty?

This article focuses on why people may become dishonest when they are unfortunate. Studies have shown that dishonesty increases in unfortunate or unfair situations, suggesting that misfortune could be used as a self-serving justification. I investigate this effect by analyzing the effect of luck on participant dishonesty in a laboratory experiment. I also control for participants’ belief about others’ honesty in fortunate and unfortunate situations. Participants were more dishonest when they were unfortunate and expected other participants to be more dishonest in similarly unfortunate situations. The similarity of the effects of fortune on expected and actual behaviors suggests that this norm can facilitate self-serving justification. The frequency of dishonest behavior was associated with higher individuals’ beliefs in others’ dishonesty. This effect was particularly important for participants who believed that others would have been dishonest even in fortunate situations. It therefore appears that the justification depends both on being unfortunate and the fact that some people assume others do not behave honestly even when they are fortunate.
A Comparative Evaluation of Soft and Hard Tissue Changes Around Dental Implants Placed With and Without Platelet-Rich Fibrin

Background: A patient's ability to maintain a healthy bone-implant interface seems to be a major predictor of implant longevity over the long term. The implant surface is protected from the oral environment, the bone, and the implant itself by the peri-implant tissues. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been shown to help in the regeneration of bone and other connective tissues. Since there has been inadequate information on the role of PRF in maintaining soft tissue integrity and crestal bone changes, the present study aimed to evaluate these challenges clinically and radiographically in human patients who had dental implants placed with PRF. Materials and methods: There were a total of 15 patients who were recalled for the analysis, and they were split into two groups. PRF was used to complete the implant procedure in the experimental group, but PRF was not used in the control group. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the amount of alveolar bone prior to dental implant placement and intra-oral periapical radiograph (IOPAR) for postoperative assessment. Gingival index, plaque index, probing depths, papilla bleeding index, and crestal bone changes were used to document clinical limits. IOPAR using a similar approach was used to evaluate the crestal bone level alterations. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically for changes in the peri-implant soft tissue and crestal bone during implant placement, six and nine months postoperatively. Results: From baseline (p=0.02) to six months (p=0.04) and nine months (p=0.04), both groups showed changes in crestal bone loss and soft tissue although the changes in the test group were smaller. Soft tissue changes showed significant differences for probing depth and papilla index score at baseline and at the end of the six and nine months (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was noted with bleeding index and plaque index score during the follow-up (p>0.05). Conclusion: To conclude, the provided data demonstrated that the local injection of PRF during implant placement has the potential to favorably stimulate bone formation, and may be used as a therapeutic adjuvant in the clinical setting of implant placement.
Evolution of Seed-Soluble and Insoluble Tannins during Grape Berry Maturation

Condensed tannins (CT) in wine are derived from the seeds and skins of grapes, and their composition and content contribute to the bitterness/astringency characteristics and ageing potential of the wine. Global warming has accelerated the ripening process of grape berries, making them out of sync with seed ripening. To understand the influence of berry ripening on the seed CT composition and content, we analyzed the changes in the soluble and insoluble CT in the seeds of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes from two vineyards over two years. The results showed that the seed-soluble CT presented a slight downward trend in fluctuation during grape berry development, while the insoluble CT increased continuously before the véraison and remained at a high level afterwards. Relatively speaking, a lower sugar increment in developing grape berries favored the conversion of seed CT towards a higher degree of polymerization. The terminal unit of soluble CT was dominated by epigallocatechin gallate, the content of which decreased as the seeds matured. It is suggested that the seeds should be fully matured to reduce this bitter component in tannins. This study provides a reference for us to control the grape ripening process and produce high-quality grapes for wine making.
Dielectric properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide thin films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The dielectric properties have been determined for stoichiometric amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) films grown by means of the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown voltage, and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the a-SiC:H PECVD films were systematically determined for various film thicknesses in the 90–1400 nm range. The PECVD a-SiC:H films exhibit not only a dielectric constant as high as 14 but also relatively high breakdown field values around 3 MV/cm. The dielectric constant of the a-SiC:H films was found to remain almost constant over all the investigated frequency range of 1 kHz to 13 MHz, while it decreases as the film thickness is diminished. The analysis of the I–V characteristics of the a-SiC:H films has revealed the existence of two different conduction mechanisms depending on the applied voltages. While exhibiting an ohmic conduction in the low-field region (<0.05 MV/cm), the film conduction at .
Lyapunov 1-forms for flows

In this paper we find conditions which guarantee that a given flow $\Phi$ on a compact metric space X admits a Lyapunov 1-form $\omega$ lying in a prescribed Čech cohomology class $\xi\in\check H^1(X;\mathbb{R})$. These conditions are formulated in terms of the restriction of $\xi$ to the chain recurrent set of $\Phi$. The result of the paper may be viewed as a generalization of a well-known theorem by Conley about the existence of Lyapunov functions.
Exact rates of convergeance for a branching particle approximation to the solution of the Zakai equation

In Crisan, Gaines and Lyons [SIAM J. Appl. Probab. 58 (1998) 313--342] we describe a branching particle algorithm that produces a particle approximation to the solution of the Zakai equation and find an upper bound for the rate of convergence of the mean square error. In this paper, the exact rate of convergence of the mean square error is deduced. Also, several variations of the branching algorithm with better rates of convergence are introduced.
Pulse phase infrared thermography

An approach is proposed which combines simultaneously advantages both of pulse (PT) and modulated infrared thermography. In a nondestructive evaluation perspective, the specimen is pulse heated as in PT and the mix of frequencies of the thermal waves launched into the specimen is unscrambled by performing the Fourier transform of the temperature evolution over the field of view. Of interest is the maximum phase image with many attractive features: deeper probing, less influence of surface infrared and optical characteristics, rapid image recording (pulse heating, surface‐wide inspection), and the possibility to inspect high thermal conductivity specimens. Several results are presented and the theory is discussed as well.
A new heuristic Lagrangian marine boundary layer cloud model

Abstract A new heuristic model of stratocumulus cloudiness in the inversion-capped marine boundary layer is developed and tested. The essential ingredient is a new method for predicting the statistical distribution of temperature and specific humidity at the inversion base under partially decoupled conditions along steady-state marine boundary layer (MBL) trajectories. MBL decoupling is parameterized as an increasing function of the height difference between the inversion base and lifting condensation level (LCL) of the mixed-layer air. Required inputs are sea surface temperature (SST), free air (above inversion) temperature and humidity, subsidence velocity, and mean boundary layer wind speed. Upstream boundary conditions must also be specified but have little influence at sufficient downstream distances (>2000 km). The model is applied to the cold advection regime of the northeastern subtropical Pacific and to both warm and cold advection regimes of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The model is con.
ANISOTROPIC MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF LIGHT RARE-EARTH DIANTIMONIDES

Results are presented of anisotropic temperature and field-dependent magnetization $M(H,T)$ and resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}(H,T)$ measurements on high quality single crystals of the light rare-earth diantimonides $R{\mathrm{Sb}}_{2},$ $R=\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{d},$ Sm. All of these, excepting ${\mathrm{LaSb}}_{2},$ magnetically order at low temperatures, and for ${\mathrm{CeSb}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{NdSb}}_{2}$ several magnetically ordered phases were observed in low-field magnetization and zero-field resistivity measurements. For $R=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{m}$ strong anisotropies, associated with crystalline electric field (CEF) splitting of the ${R}^{3+}$ ion, were found in $M(T)$ measurements both below and above magnetic ordering temperatures. Furthermore, for $R=\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{d}$ metamagnetic transitions were observed in $M(H)$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}(H)$ for $H\ensuremath{\parallel}(\mathrm{ab})$ in the magnetically ordered state. In addition, above 15 kG de Haas\char21{}van Alphen oscillations are observed for ${\mathrm{SmSb}}_{2}$ and Shubnikov\char21{}de Haas quantum oscillations are observed above $\ensuremath{\sim}120\mathrm{kG}$ for ${\mathrm{NdSb}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{SmSb}}_{2}. $ The zero-field in-plane resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ of all of the compounds is metallic $(d\ensuremath{\rho}/dTg0),$ with residual resistance ratios ranging from 40 to 750. The $c$-axis resistivity is also metallic, but appears to be considerably larger than the in-plane value, consistent with the diantimonides being quasi-two-dimensional materials. The magnetoresistance of all members of the series is large, approximately linear in $H$ at moderate fields, and is also dependent on the relative orientation of the applied magnetic fields to the crystallographic axes. The extreme case of ${\mathrm{SmSb}}_{2}$ has $[\ensuremath{\rho}(55\mathrm{kG})$$\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\rho}(0)]/\ensuremath{\rho}(0)g50000%$ at $T=2\mathrm{K}$ and $H\ensuremath{\parallel}c. $