Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PICOPHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS IN RELATION TO LAKE TROPHIC STATE AND THE TN:TP RATIO OF LAKE WATER IN JAPAN 1

Picophytoplankton biomass and its contribution to total phytoplankton biomass were investigated in relation to the nutrient concentration and total N: total P ratio of the epilimnetic waters of 42 Japanese lakes during the warm season in 1991 (April–October). Picophytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a) in meso‐, eu‐, and hypertrophic lakes was significantly higher than those observed in oligotrophic lakes. However, picophytoplankton biomass increased significantly with increased total P concentrations in all systems excluding hypertrophic lakes. Picophytoplankton contribution to total chlorophyll a content was significantly higher in oligo‐ and mesotrophic lakes than in eu‐ and hypertrophic lakes and was inversely correlated with total P concentrations in lake water. Picophytoplankton contribution to the total phytoplankton biomass was positively (r = 0.54, n = 42, P = 0.0003) correlated with the total N: total P ratio of lake waters. Each lake trophic type, with the exception of hypertrophic lakes, showed this trend, although the correlation was not significant. We suggest that picophytoplankton contribution is influenced by the total N: total P ratio rather than lake trophic state; however, picophytoplankton were of little importance in hypertrophic lakes.
A branch oriented active power loss allocation method for radial distribution networks with distributed generators

The penetration of distributed generation (DG) units in the radial distribution network (RDN) introduces complexity in active power loss allocation (LA) as it leads to reverse current in the network. This current makes power system bidirectional and brings difficulties in the decomposition of cross-terms of power loss equation. To overcome such complications, this paper proposes a new branch oriented LA technique which eliminates the impact of mutual-term mathematically from loss formulation without any assumptions and approximations. It establishes a direct relationship between the subsequent load currents of a branch and its two end voltages in terms of the complex power available at its load ends. The proposed LA scheme is found to be fair as regard to the topology of the RDN. Further, the implementation of DGs may increase/decrease power loss of a system. In order to provide the exact amount of loss reduction benefit to the DG owners (DGOs), a new DG remuneration strategy is developed in this paper which assigns either rewards/penalties to the DGOs after analysing their actual impact towards system loss reduction. The effectiveness of the proposed LA method is investigated against various established LA techniques using two different test systems i.e., 17-bus and 33-bus RDNs.
Labor market policies in a Roy-Rosen bargaining economy

We study the effects of labor market policies using a bargaining model featuring compensating differentials (Rosen, 1986) and self-selection (Roy, 1951). The framework allows us to create a taxonomy of formal and informal employment. We use the model to estimate the effects of the minimum wage for the Brazilian economy using the "PNAD" dataset for the years 2001-2005. Our results suggest that, although the minimum wage generates unemployment and reallocation of labor to the informal sector, the policy might be desirable if the employment losses are concentrated in jobs characterized by low surplus.
The Relationship between Developmental Opportunities, Burnout, and Turnover Intentions: An Exploration of Potential Moderating Effects

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL OPPORTUNITIES, BURNOUT, AND TURNOVER INTENTIONS: AN EXPLORATION OF POTENTIAL MODERATING EFFECTS DEREK GRAVHOLT 2020 Through the lens of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, potential moderating effects of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) needs were investigated for the relationships between developmental opportunities and both turnover intentions and burnout in a sample of healthcare employees. SDT needs include the need for competence, the need for relatedness, and the need for autonomy, which are all theorized to be important pieces of optimal psychological functioning. Results indicated that developmental opportunities were negatively related to both turnover intentions and burnout, and these effects were moderated by the employee’s sense of relatedness, such that those with low relatedness appreciated even more reduction in turnover intentions and burnout. These findings provide further evidence for the use of providing developmental opportunities as an important organizational intervention, while illuminating the extra potential for employees that have less social support at work.
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. PISI ON RESISTANCE SOURCE OF PEA GENOTYPES AND ITS CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT

Pea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . pisi has significant impact on reduction of pea yield. Present study was an attempt to find resistant sources in pea varieties/advance lines efficacy of commercially available fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi. For this purpose twelve genotypes were sown at the experimental area of Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during 2012-2013 to be screened against wilt disease under natural conditions. The data regarding disease incidence was recorded three times. Only one variety (Jumbo) was found highly resistant. While the advance lines (26709 and 26711) were found resistant to disease. Two lines (26702 and 26714) were moderately resistant and six lines (18372, 18374, 26710, 26712, 26715 and 26723) showed susceptible response. Moreover Climax was found highly susceptible. After screening, in-vitro study was conducted for isolation and identification of pathogen. Pathogenicity test was confirmed through Koch’s postulates. For evaluation of chemicals firstly eight fungicides (Ridomil, Copper Oxychloride, Carbendazim, Nativo, Alliete, Mancozeb, Topsin-M and Difenoconazole) were tested with three concentrations (400, 600 and 800ppm). Among eight, four fungicides (Alliete, Nativo, Topsin-M and Difenoconazole) gave significantly good results as compared to control. These four fungicides were further applied to manage the disease under field conditions. The results revealed that Topsin-M significantly manage the disease where only 31% of wilt incidence was recorded. The systemic mode of infection may be a support to show better performance. Moreover Topsin M. followed by Aliette, Nativo and Difenoconazole respectively. Therefore, Topsin M. may be recommended for controlling wilt disease to pea growers.
Evaluation of the Effect of a Number of Commercial Disinfectants on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Obtained from Human Infection Cases

Background: Disinfectants have important clinical applications. Antibiotic resistance of some hospital pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa has led to the use of disinfectants. In the present study, the effects of four commercial disinfectants; Hydrocare, Benzalkonium Chloride, Cetrimide-C, and Vico sience on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were investigated. Materials & Methods: The dilutions of four tested disinfectants recommended by the manufacturer were prepared and their effects on twelve Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were evaluated at five, ten, fifteen minutes after the bacterial inoculation. Results & Discussion: Hydrocare and Benzalkonium Chloride inhibited the growth of all strains while Cetrimide-C disinfectant did not inhibit the growth of bacterial strains at any time. The Vico sience completely inhibited the growth of bacterial strains at ten and fifteen minutes after the addition of disinfectant. Since the recommended dilutions by the manufacturer were prepared and evaluated in the present study, the inefficiency of some of the disinfectants indicated that the evaluation and dilution assay of the disinfectant is necessary prior to routine use in laboratories or health centers.
Radiology Features of Chest Imaging and Its Correlation to Clinical Severity in Patients with COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 caused by SARS CoV-2 involves respiratory system leading to respiratory failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in critical patients. Several chest imaging features have been reported in patients with COVID-19 ranging from focal to diffuse lung opacities. There is no data from Saudi Arabia on the chest imaging findings in these patients. Material and Methods: CT chest data of 29 patients who were admitted with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was reviewed. Radiology abnormality was categorized based upon pattern and distribution. Clinical and laboratory data of patients were collected by reviewing the electronic medical record. Patients were divided into mild and severe group based on clinical assessment and laboratory criteria. Radiology changes were compared with disease severity. Results: Median (Q1, Q3) age was 58 (41,70) years and median (Q1, Q3) time from symptom onset to CT scan was 6.5 (3.0, 9.75) days. Bilateral ground glass opacities were the most common CT scan feature in patients with COVID-19 (76%). Opacities were dominant in the lower zone (72%) and frequently distributed peripherally (48%). Severe disease was most likely to have bilateral opacities compared with mild (p = 0.001) and it was correlated with rise of inflammatory markers, Ferritin (p=0.014) and C-reactive protein (p=0.0003). Conclusion: Most patients with COVID-19 who have abnormal CT scan of chest show ground glass opacities. Bilateral opacities are more common in severe disease and is correlated with elevated inflammatory markers.
Effect of scarification on breaking seed dormancy and germination enhancement in Annona muricata L. (Magnoliales: Annonaceae)

The effect of various scarification method on breaking seed dormancy and germination enhancement in Annona muricata (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) was examined in this study via: mechanical scarification with sandpaper, file and stone; chemical scarification with 10, 25 and 50% H2SO4 for 5 seconds respectively; exposure to wet heat (hot water) for 1, 3 and 5 seconds; exposure to cold treatment by chilling in refrigerator of 4 oC for 12, 18 and 24 hours; soaking in coconut water for 5, 10 and 15min and untreated seeds as the control. The results of the experiment showed that chemical scarification with H2SO4 at 50% for 5 seconds had significantly highest percentage germination (60%). This was followed by the seeds soaked in coconut water for 15 minutes (39.69). Seeds treated with 25% H2SO4 for 5 seconds had 30% germination. Other treatment were less or not effective. Untreated seeds had the least percentage germination (6%) with mean germination time of 40.20 and germination index of 0.27. The treatments that gave significantly higher germination percentages also produce low Mean Germination Time (30.01) and increased Germination Index (12.26). These characters shows that chemical scarification with H2SO4 at 50% for 5 seconds was the most effective treatment to break dormancy and enhancing seed germination in this species as revealed in this study.
MATHEMATICS ANXIETY: AN INVESTIGATION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences for boys and girls in terms of mathematics anxiety. A sample of 192 boys and 112 girls’ studying in seven secondary schools of Punjab were selected. The second investigator had personally met the participants and administered the tool. Mathematics Anxiety Scale developed by Sharma and Sansanwal (2011) was used. Mean S.D. S and T-test were calculated to analyse the data. The findings reveal that girls had significantly higher mathematics anxiety than boys.
How Fast and Why Do Germinating Guanacaste Seeds (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) Die Inside Cows and Horses

Scarified and unscarified guanacaste seeds were subjected to in vitro fermentation using either rumen or caecal inoculum to test their germination response to the fermentation processes of cattle and horses. The fermentation was terminated at various times after inoculation, and the seeds planted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate viability. One day of exposure to either rumen or caecal in vitro fermentation killed 90 percent of the scarified seeds, and none survived longer than two days. No unscarified seeds germinated in the flasks. Scarification appears to be a critical process affecting the survivorship of seeds in the guts of large, mammalian herbivores. Because functional differences in the foregut between ruminants and nonruminants impose different chewing patterns and passage rates on these groups, we postulate that these factors are responsible for the lower proportion of scarified seeds in the feces of ruminants. In the large mammalian herbivores, nonruminants function as seed predators while ruminants are better disposal agents for guanacaste seeds. GUANACASTE (Enterolobium cyclocarpum: Leguminosae) is A LARGE TREE of the Pacific coastal lowlands of the drier
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Bacterial Canker of Tomato: 2. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Extraction Procedures and Sensitivity of Methods for Detection in Tomato Seeds

SUMMARY Two seed extraction procedures, used for detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) in artifficially infested tomato seed lots, were evaluated. A comparison of the efficiency of pathogen detection by using different extraction methods showed that a grinding procedure was more effective than soaking seed samples. The extraction by grinding resulted in a higher number of samples with Cmm colonies than did the method that included soaking. The detection threshold of Cmm in relation to seed sample size was evaluated by adding different numbers of artificially infested seeds to uninfected samples of 2000 or 5000 seeds. Four detection methods were simultaneously compared for their sensitivity in Cmm detection in seeds: isolation on semiselective media (mSCM, D2ANX, mCNS), direct PCR from seed material, Bio-PCR with initial culturing of bacteria on NBY agar prior to PCR, and Enrichment PCR. The pathogen was detected in samples of 2000 seeds containing one, five and ten infested seeds, in at least two out of three replicates by three detection methods (selective plating, direct PCR and Bio-PCR), using the grinding extraction method with an addition of centrifugation step. In samples of 5000 seeds, five infested seeds were detected in all replicates by the same detection methods. Similar results were obtained by the soaking extraction method. In Enrichment PCR, positive results were obtained only in samples of 2000 seeds containing five and ten infested seeds regardless of the extraction method.
Effects of some abiotic factors on the occurrence of aquatic mycobiota in lakes of the Drawa National Park

Effects of environmental factors, including acidity, temperature, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate and total iron content, on the diversity of aquatic mycobiota in lake water were studied in two lakes in Northern Poland in 2005–2007. Fifty four species of fungi and fungus-like organisms were recorded in the sub-surface and benthic of both lakes. There were 36 and 45 species in Lakes Marta and Sitno, respectively. The greatest species diversity was observed with a higher content of oxygen and biogenic compounds in the surface water. Temperature and oxygen content were the most important factors affecting the distribution of mycobiota in lake water.
GERMAN NEWS

Nowadays, more and more people are gaining interest in news, and social media networks, and are also sharing their opinions freely in different languages. Such kind of activities leads to interesting topics of research that scientists are working on. Considering news, it must be classified and easily accessible by the users for the information of their interest. In comparison to traditional machine learning techniques, deep learning approaches have achieved surpassing results on natural language processing tasks. Convolutions neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising performance, which extracts n-grams as features to represent the input. In this work, we build a multi-channel CNN for German news article classification. The model can classify different categories of news articles with an accuracy of 99.2% on training and 81.4% on the test dataset. We also perform a comparative study with single-channel CNN and have found that the multi-channel approach outperforms the single-channel by +6.3% absolute on the test set.
The functional significance of synchronous protandry in Alstroemeria aurea

Summary 1 Synchronous dichogamy, the simultaneous change in sex phases of all flowers in an inflorescence or entire plant, has been proposed to reduce self-pollination between flowers within a plant (geitonogamy) and so should leave more pollen for export and/or reduce inbreeding. We tested these hypotheses with Alstroemeria aurea Graham, a self-compatible, clonal herb with synchronous protandrous inflorescences. 2 We manipulated A. aurea inflorescences to compare pollen export, pollen receipt and pollen-tube attrition in synchronous and asynchronous inflorescences. We constructed asynchronous inflorescences by tying together female- and male-phase ramets which were collected within 1 m of each other and so had a high probability of being genetically related. 3 Inflorescences with both male- and female-phase flowers received 27% more pollen than synchronous inflorescences, which was associated with higher pollen-tube attrition. The selfing suggested by these results would reduce genetic contributions to the next generation as a result of the strong inbreeding depression found in this species. 4 In contrast, we found no evidence that asynchronous inflorescences exported less pollen to companion female-phase inflorescences than did synchronous inflorescences. 5 Our results suggest that synchronous dichogamy evolves primarily as an anti-selfing mechanism, rather than to promote outcross siring success.
A Contribution to the Theory of Competing Predators

This paper concerns the growth of 2 predator species competing exploitatively for the same prey population. The prey population grows logistically in the absence of predation, and the predators feed on the prey with a saturating functional response to prey density. Specifically, we assume that Michaelis-Menten kinetics or the Holling "disc" model describe how feeding rates and birth rates change with increasing prey density. We focus on the question of which predator species will survive and which will not, given the growth parameters of the prey and the functional response parameters of the 2 predators. Which predator wins or loses depends critically on the relative mag- nitude of the prey carrying capacity, K, and the X parameters of the 2 predators. K, represents the prey density at which the ith predator "breaks even" (equal birth and death rates). This prey density is defined by the product of the predator's half-saturation (Michaelis-Menten) constant times the ratio of the predator's death rate to its intrinsic rate of increase. Coexistence is also possible for a wide range of parameters, but only as a periodic solution. A primary conclusion is that coexistence is possible only if the predator with the smaller half-saturation constant also has the smaller birth-rate- to-death-rate ratio. This necessary constraint is the mechanistic equivalent to requiring that I predator be an "r-strategist" and the other be a "K-strategist. " This condition is insufficient to guarantee coexistence, however. If the prey carrying capacity, K, is "too small" the K-strategist wins, and if K is 'too large," the r-strategist wins. The bounded region of intermediate K values permitting coexistence is defined by the functional response parameters of the 2 predator species. The greater the disparity between the half-saturation constants of the 2 predators, the larger the region of K permitting coexistence.
New Species of Parasitic Nematodes of the Genus Cloacina (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from the Banded Hare Wallaby, Lagostrophus Fasciatus(Marsupialia: Macropodidae)

Abstract Two new species of Cloacina von Linstow, 1898, C. ridei sp. nov. and C. biscoei sp. nov. are described from the stomach of the banded hare wallaby, Lagostrophus fasciatus (Péron & Lesueur, 1807) from Western Australia. The two species differ from all congeners in having the excretory pore at the level of the nerve ring and the externodorsal ray arising from the dorsal ray. In spite of the relatively poor state of preservation of the nematodes, the two species are distinguishable from one another by the shape of the oesophagus, which is elongate and has combs in the bulb in C. ridei and in the shape of the buccal capsule, that of C. biscoei having an undulating anterior margin and in the shape of the cephalic papillae, with C. ridei having an enlarged distal segment and C. biscoei having a tiny distal segment.
Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among Preschool Children in Bahir Dar City Administration, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

The issue of child malnutrition is decisive as its characteristics are not restricted to the boundary of childhood but rather persist into adulthood. It is also a sober public health problem in which the recent report in the country showed 25% of children were underweight, 9% wasted and 38% stunted. However, underlying variations of these nutritional indicators and determinant factors among localities are poorly understood. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of child malnutrition, their causes, and related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar on a total of 615 preschool-age children from February to May 2018. A multistage systematic sampling method was employed to collect quantitative data using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The information was processed using Epi-Info 3.5. 4 software and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. NCHS reference population was used to convert height and weight measurements into Z-scores. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis techniques were employed to identify associated factors with nutritional status. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The study indicated 7% of the children were wasted, 30.9% stunted, and 18.7% underweight. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family income [AOR=. 233 at 95% CI (.085-.637)], number of under-five children [AOR=2.618 at 95% CI (1.751-9.124)], source of water [AOR=2.852 at 95% CI (1.029-7.901)], paternal education [AOR=4.19 at 95% CI (1.298-13.527)], maternal education [AOR=2.740 at 95% CI (1.193-6.294)], and family head [AOR=. 421 at 95% CI (.233-.762)], were positively associated with underweight. Chronic nutritional problems (stunting) and underweight were highly prevalent in Bahir Dar compared to the urban areas of neighbouring countries while the acute nutritional problem was at an intermediate level. To intervene in this problem, a community-based nutrition program should be established. Additionally, nutritional education should get a high emphasis to improve the nutritional status of children.