Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Elimination of Deltamethrin Toxicity in Laying Hens

Deltamethrin, an important pyrethroid insecticide, is frequently detected in human samples. This study aims to assess the potential effects of deltamethrin on human health and investigate the patterns of residue enrichment and elimination in 112 healthy laying hens. These hens were administered 20 mg·kg−1 deltamethrin based on their body weight. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to investigate the residue enrichment pattern and elimination pattern of deltamethrin in the hens. The results indicated a significant increase in the concentration of deltamethrin in chicken manure during the treatment period. By the 14th day of administration, the concentration of deltamethrin in the stool reached 13,510.9 ± 172.24 μg·kg−1, with a fecal excretion rate of 67.56%. The pulmonary deltamethrin concentration was the second highest at 3844.98 ± 297.14 μg·kg−1. These findings suggest that chicken feces contain substantial amounts of deltamethrin after 14 days of continuous administration, and that it can easily transfer to the lungs. After 21 days of drug withdrawal, the residual concentration of deltamethrin in the fat of laying hens was 904.25 ± 295.32 μg·kg−1, with a half-life of 17 days and a slow elimination rate. In contrast, the lungs showed relatively low elimination half-lives of 0.2083 days, indicating faster elimination of deltamethrin in this tissue. These results highlight differences in the rate of deltamethrin elimination in different tissues during drug withdrawal. The fat of laying hens exhibited the highest residue of deltamethrin and the slowest elimination rate, while the lungs showed the fastest elimination rate. Moreover, deltamethrin was found to accumulate in the edible tissues of eggs and laying hens, suggesting that humans may be exposed to deltamethrin through food.
Combined exposure to multiple essential elements and cadmium at early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study

Background Minerals and trace elements were involved in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. However, the association of mixed exposure to essential elements and toxic elements with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is poorly understood. Objective This study aims to examine the associations between serum calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in early pregnancy and GDM risk in Chinese pregnant women. Method A total of 1,168 pregnant women were included in this prospective cohort study. The concentrations of serum elements were measured using the polarography method before 14 gestational weeks and an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at 24–28 gestational weeks to diagnose GDM. Binary logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were applied to evaluate the association between serum individual element and GDM. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to assess the associations between mixed essential elements and Cd exposure and GDM risk. Results The mean concentrations of Zn (124.65 vs. 120.12 μmol/L), Fe (135.26 vs. 132.21 μmol/L) and Cu (23.33 vs. 23.03 μmol/L) in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Single-element modeling results suggested that second and fourth-quartile maternal Zn and Fe concentration, third and fourth-quartile Cu concentration and fourth-quartile Ca concentration were associated with an increased risk of GDM compared to first-quartile values. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed U-shaped and non-linear relationships between Cd and GDM. According to the BKMR models and WQS analyses, a six-element mixture was significantly and positively associated with the risk of GDM. Additionally, Cd, Zn, and Cu contributed the most strongly to the association. Conclusion Serum Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ca exposure during early pregnancy showed a positive association with GDM in the individual evaluation. The multiple-evaluation showed that high levels of elements mixture, particularly Cd, Zn, and Cu, may promote the development of GDM.
Global application of a regional frequency 1 analysis on extreme sea levels

26 Coastal regions face increasing threats from rising sea levels and extreme weather events, 27 highlighting the urgent need for accurate assessments of coastal flood risk. This study 28 presents a novel approach to estimating global Extreme Sea Level (ESL) exceedance 29 probabilities, using a Regional Frequency Analysis (RFA) approach. The research combines 30 observed and modelled hindcast data to produce a high-resolution (~1 km) dataset of ESL 31 exceedance probabilities, including wave setup, along the entire global coastline, excluding 32 Antarctica. 33 34 The RFA approach offers several advantages over traditional methods, particularly in regions 35 with limited observational data. It overcomes the challenge of short and incomplete 36 observational records by substituting long historical records with a collection of shorter but 37 spatially distributed records. This spatially distributed data not only retains the volume of 38 information but also addresses the issue of sparse tide gauge coverage in less populated 39 areas and developing nations. The RFA process is illustrated using Cyclone Yasi (2011) as a 40 case study, demonstrating how the approach can significantly improve the characterisation 41 of ESLs in regions prone to tropical cyclone activity. 42
Geotechnical profiling of deep-ocean sediments at the AFEN submarine slide complex

The Atlantic Frontier Environmental Network (AFEN) submarine slide complex is located 95 km NW of the Shetland Islands, at a water depth of c. 1000 m. It is thought to have occurred some 2800 years ago. The slide complex is c. 4 km wide and 13 km in length, and lies on a shallow slope, between 0.7 and 2.5°. Previous sampling and laboratory testing of the very soft sediment has been limited, and did not penetrate the basal failure surface, nor the underlying sediments. This paper presents the first intensive geotechnical profiling of deep-sea sediments from the AFEN slide complex, carried out on core obtained during the July 2014 expedition of the R.V. Pelagia. Importantly, this core sampled through, and below, the failure surface of the AFEN slide, and was subjected to unusually closely spaced geotechnical testing using a range of index and classification testing techniques. These are shown to have great value, when taken together with standard sedimentological logging, in establishing ground profiles. From these data new mechanisms of triggering the long runout slope failure at AFEN are postulated, and explain how submarine slides here and elsewhere can have occurred on very shallow slopes, of the order of 1 – 2°.
Effect of interpersonal relationships of students with their adjustment at university level

The primary purpose of this research is to ascertain how students think about their adjustment in university and interpersonal relations. The study was statistically quantitative and a survey was used. A total of 300 students a public university was included in the sample and analysis. The research sample was selected at random. A total of 300 students were included in the sample. Questionnaire was used. Each quiz has a five-point Likert scale. The first section of the questionnaire covered basic demographic information. Expert review and preliminary testing of the instrument confirmed its validity and reliability in local context. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. To get a sense of the distribution of students across a demographic variable, we used mean and standard deviation calculations from descriptive statistics. Independent sample t-tests and One-Way ANOVA (analysis of variance) of differences, and pearson r used for used for inferential statistics. The results showed that the mean scores of students’ adjustment in university is higher than interpersonal relations, as well as there was no significant relation was existed on the basis of this study between interpersonal relations and adjustment in university.
Influences of personal and social factors on employability among youth from marginalized communities

The research focused on the employability of youth from marginalised community in Malaysia. Therefore, the research aimed in investigating impact of personal and social variables in influencing employability of the Malaysian youth from marginalised community. Quantitative research design that uses questionnaire were selected by researcher in conducting the research. Around 1181 Malaysian youth at the age range from 15 to 25 years old from marginalised community were selected to participate in this study. Probability sampling method were used in selecting the participants of the study. The study applied a correlational research design whereby a conceptual model was developed. Findings of the study showed positive association between personal variables (self-efficacy, self-esteem and self-determination) and employability of the Malaysian youth from marginalised community. Hence, youth with high self-efficacy, self-esteem and self-determination reported to have higher employability. Besides that, outcome of the study showed positive association between social variables (parental influences, socioeconomic status and role model) and employability of the Malaysian youth from marginalised community. A youth with higher parental influences, socioeconomic status and role model has higher employability. This research developed a model of theory that explains the influences of personal and social variables on employability of Malaysian youth from marginalised community. So, it can be an effective references and guidance in assisting the Malaysian youth from marginalised community towards career development.
Deep Learning-Assisted Measurements of Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone Area and Outer Segment Volume as Biomarkers for Retinitis Pigmentosa

The manual segmentation of retinal layers from OCT scan images is time-consuming and costly. The deep learning approach has potential for the automatic delineation of retinal layers to significantly reduce the burden of human graders. In this study, we compared deep learning model (DLM) segmentation with manual correction (DLM-MC) to conventional manual grading (MG) for the measurements of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) area and outer segment (OS) volume in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to assess whether DLM-MC can be a new gold standard for retinal layer segmentation and for the measurement of retinal layer metrics. Ninety-six high-speed 9 mm 31-line volume scans obtained from 48 patients with RPGR-associated XLRP were selected based on the following criteria: the presence of an EZ band within the scan limit and a detectable EZ in at least three B-scans in a volume scan. All the B-scan images in each volume scan were manually segmented for the EZ and proximal retinal pigment epithelium (pRPE) by two experienced human graders to serve as the ground truth for comparison. The test volume scans were also segmented by a DLM and then manually corrected for EZ and pRPE by the same two graders to obtain DLM-MC segmentation. The EZ area and OS volume were determined by interpolating the discrete two-dimensional B-scan EZ-pRPE layer over the scan area. Dice similarity, Bland–Altman analysis, correlation, and linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the agreement between DLM-MC and MG for the EZ area and OS volume measurements. For the EZ area, the overall mean dice score (SD) between DLM-MC and MG was 0.8524 (0.0821), which was comparable to 0.8417 (0.1111) between two MGs. For the EZ area > 1 mm2, the average dice score increased to 0.8799 (0.0614). When comparing DLM-MC to MG, the Bland–Altman plots revealed a mean difference (SE) of 0.0132 (0.0953) mm2 and a coefficient of repeatability (CoR) of 1.8303 mm2 for the EZ area and a mean difference (SE) of 0.0080 (0.0020) mm3 and a CoR of 0.0381 mm3 for the OS volume. The correlation coefficients (95% CI) were 0.9928 (0.9892–0.9952) and 0.9938 (0.9906–0.9958) for the EZ area and OS volume, respectively. The linear regression slopes (95% CI) were 0.9598 (0.9399–0.9797) and 1.0104 (0.9909–1.0298), respectively. The results from this study suggest that the manual correction of deep learning model segmentation can generate EZ area and OS volume measurements in excellent agreement with those of conventional manual grading in RP. Because DLM-MC is more efficient for retinal layer segmentation from OCT scan images, it has the potential to reduce the burden of human graders in obtaining quantitative measurements of biomarkers for assessing disease progression and treatment outcomes in RP.
Working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of physical activity to counteract the workers’ oxidative stress. A pilot study

Objective Office workers spend typically more than two-thirds of their working time sitting and this negative behaviour could have been increased during the pandemic. Low levels of Physical Activity (PA) can have detrimental effects on health, well-being, and Quality of Life (QoL), as well as on the oxidative stress burden. Our aim was to evaluate the role of moderate PA remotely administered in modulating the bio-molecular profile and the QoL of a group of workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The 26 subjects recruited were sampled at the beginning of the study (T0), after 3 months of remotely administered training (T1), and 3 months after the suspension of the online workouts (T2). Each of the three times, subjects filled out a questionnaire and provided a spot urine sample for the quantification of oxidative stress (15-F2t-Isoprostane, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), and Total Antioxidant Power (TAP)) and inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10). Results The PA administration resulted in a significant decrease in 15-F2t-Isoprostane (p = 0.02) and TAP (p = 0.019). A significant increase in TAP was observed between T1 and T2 (p = 0.044). Conclusion A PA-based health promotion strategy could be a valuable intervention in the working environment to promote the well-being of an ageing workforce, especially for white collars.
The Impact of Individual Characteristics, Work Environment, and Organization Culture Against Employee Performance at PT Telkom Akses Witel Denpasar

This research examines and analyzes the influence of individual characteristics, work environment, and organizational culture on employee performance. This research was conducted at PT. Telkom Access Witel Denpasar by arriving! The research consisted of 73 respondents using random sampling techniques. All data obtained from the questionnaire distribution is suitable for use, then analyzed using multiple linear regression hypothesis testing (t-test and f-test). The results showed that (1) Fritung (65,229)> Fable (2.74) with a significance value of F of 0.000<0.05, then Ho is rejected. This means the individual characteristic variable (X1). Work environment (X2) and organizational culture (X3) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance (Y). The regression coefficient ß1 (individual characteristic variable) is 0.523. The regression coefficient ß2 (work environment variable) is 0.186, indicating that the better the work environment, the greater the employee performance at PT. Telkom Access Witel Denpasar. The regression coefficient B3 (organizational culture variable) is 0.267, indicating that the better the organizational culture, the greater the employee performance at PT. Telkom Access Witel Denpasar.
High dietary cation and anion difference formulation increased heat dissipation in non-lactating goats fed at high ambient temperature

Background and Aim: In our previous study, we observed that a high dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) of 40 mEq/kg dry matter (DM) in the diets of lactating dairy goats increased heat dissipation. In the present study, we believe that the level of DCAD fed to non-lactating and non-pregnant goats was twice as high as that fed to lactating goats in our previous study. This increase could have resulted in a greater water balance due to increased intake of water and unchanged urinary excretion. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the behavioral and heat dissipation effects of a dietary shift from low to high DCAD levels in dairy goats under tropical conditions. Materials and Methods: Seven non-lactating and non-pregnant crossbred goats were used in this study. All animals were initially fed a low DCAD (15 mEq/100 g DM) diet from days 0–6 and then switched to a high DCAD (89 mEq/100 g DM) diet from day 7 (high DCAD-7) to day 18 (high DCAD-18). Results: The results revealed that a high DCAD increased DM intake from days 13–18 (p < 0.05). The larger daily meal size associated with the high DCAD-18 group was due to increased daytime meal sizes, not nighttime when compared to the low DCAD group. Dietary cation and anion difference supplementation did not affect daily water intake; however, drinking patterns differed between the low DCAD group and the high DCAD-7 group from 07:00 to 09:00 and during nighttime. Similarly, daily urine volume was unaffected by DCAD supplementation, but urinary patterns differed between the low DCAD and high DCAD-18 groups. The daily water balance remained unchanged across all treatments, yet, a higher morning water balance was observed in the high DCAD group. The high DCAD diet led to an increase in respiration rate and rectal temperature compared to the low DCAD diet. Conclusion: The observed eating, drinking, and urinary patterns collectively suggested that high DCAD supplementation mitigates the effects of heat stress in non-lactating goats fed at high ambient temperatures.
The surface behaviour of white sharks during ecotourism: A baseline for monitoring this threatened species around Guadalupe Island, Mexico

Cage diving is the most important activity for the sustainable use of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). However, information related to their behaviour during ecotourism is scarce. This study provides useful information for monitoring C. carcharias during cage‐diving activities around Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Surface behaviour of 106 white sharks was recorded for 87 days on‐board six cage‐diving boats in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Of the observed sharks, 63% were immature specimens (n = 67) and 37% were considered mature (n = 39). Seventy‐one per cent were males (n = 75) and 29% were females (n = 31). Interactions were classified into one of the 11 behaviours: parading, close inspection, horizontal attack, vertical attack, bait catching, feeding, not feeding, buoy catching, encounter, escape, and staying. Parading, close inspections, and horizontal attacks were performed more often by mature males, whereas immature females performed more vertical attacks, with no differences between mature and immature males. A total of 1,542 ethograms were registered. Each ethogram consisted on average of 6.3 ± 5.6 behaviours with a significant transitional pattern from horizontal attacks to parading and close inspections, and from vertical and horizontal attacks to bait being caught. A pattern related to feeding in a simple stimulus response reflex was observed. The shark's length seems to play an important role in the efficiency of the attacks, presumably resulting from the experience of mature individuals. Intentional feeding should be avoided to prevent negative effects related to ecotourism. This study constitutes a baseline for future research on white shark behaviour. It can be applied in other regions regardless of environmental conditions, quantity and size of the boats, and types of bait. Using this standard method could improve the monitoring, management, and conservation of this vulnerable species.
Political studies of automated governing: A bird's eye (re)view

In this paper, we develop an approach for analyzing the increasingly important strand of research that deals with automated systems of governing. Such systems, which figure prominently in public policy and regulation, are designed to utilize the rapid advancement in computer technology, like artificial intelligence, with the purpose of governing something or someone. Drawing on a large sample of articles we present a comprehensive analysis of scholarly works where these systems are studied as political, rather than neutral, instruments of governing. We find that the current state of the art articulates the politics of automated systems of governing in three ways. Namely, as part of ontological, epistemological and ideological questions. We conclude that future research should investigate the complex forms of marketization nested in these systems, that it should move from theoretical examples to detailed empirical studies and that political science should get more involved with the issue.
Diatom community structure along physicochemical gradients in upland river segments of Tamiraparani river system, South India

This study examines the diversity and distributional patterns of benthic diatom assemblages in the upland streams of Tamiraparani River system, southern part of Western Ghats of Peninsular India. A total of 168 benthic diatoms representing 16 orders, 32 families, and 47 genera were enumerated. Structuring of diatom community was dependent on the environmental conditions of the respective habitats. Canonical correspondence analysis described both physical habitat quality and water parameter gradient and factors that correlated significantly were substrate type, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and nitrate content. Gomphonema gandhii , Cocconeis placentula and Navicula cuspidate were strongly associated with sites with embedded substrates and clear water. Diatoms could be effective in assessing physical habitat alterations in streams.
Teacher-Principal Ethnoracial Matching, Geography, and Novice Teacher Career Outcomes

Nationally, many school districts are facing a teacher workforce sustainability crisis, and job retention for novice teachers of color is a key area of focus for educational leaders and policymakers. In this study, we draw on nine years of administrative data from Texas K–12 public schools to better understand how teacher-principal ethnoracial matching is associated with patterns of teacher retention and system-exit. Teacher labor markets are geographically small, so we link data from the National Center for Education Statistics containing geographic locale information to explore how the relationship between ethnoracial matching and novice teacher career outcomes varies across urban, suburban, rural, and town school contexts. We find that matching is associated with an increase in the probability of retention and a decrease in the probability of system-exit, with important variation for novice Black and Latinx teachers working in some nonurban school locales.
Psychological Challenges Experienced by EFL Students in Learning English

This study aimed to look into the psychological challenges EFL students faced while learning English and the strategies they used. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive research design with a questionnaire as the instrument. The respondents of this research were 75 students from one of the public junior high schools in Kota Jambi. The data obtained were analyzed using statistics and descriptive methods. Students face three psychological challenges: self-belief, motivation, and Anxiety. For the learning strategy, there were eight indicators of the learning strategy that students used in learning English; 6 of them were the learning strategy that they used, such as cognitive strategies (underlining and memorizing) and behavioral strategies (test-taking, help-seeking, homework management, and note-taking skills).