Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da produtividade, conteúdo e eficiência de utilização de nutrientes em genótipos de Eucalyptus spp. No Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG

The hybridization of eucalyptus species can provide more productive hybrids and with a high efficiency of nutrient absorption and, or, nutrient use, depending on the combined species. In this context, the present work was undertaken in the Jequitinhonha Valley region, Minas Gerais, and its objectives were: to determine the productivity, content and use efficiency of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in interspecific hybrids of Eucalyptus spp. In each plot, the diameters were measured at breast height (DBH) in all the trees, and three trees with diameter similar to the average mean were felled. The volume of the trees was estimated by the Smallian method, using the height, diameter and the bark thickness at the base and at 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of the commercial height. The fresh weight of the wood, bark, leaves and branches was determined in the field, and samples from them were collected for the determination of dry matter. The log samples consisted of collected disks with bark, from the base and at 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of the commercial height. The samples of vegetable tissues were analyzed for: N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The results obtained did not show significant differences for the production of crown biomass between the eucalyptus hybrids of the same age. However, the production of log biomass presented significant differences and the naturally pollinated hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla were 50.0 % and 69.0 % more productive compared with the hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla with Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla with descendants of the crossing of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with Eucalyptus grandis , respectively. Also, these hybrids allocated larger amount of biomass in the log (92.3 %) in relation to the crown (7.7 %), and they were more efficient in the absorption and use of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. The conclusions were that: 1) same aged hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla from natural or controlled pollinations did not differ in their crown biomass; 2) log biomass was reduced in the hybrids from controlled pollination between Eucalyptus urophylla with Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla with descendants of the crossing of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with Eucalyptus grandis ; 3) hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla from natural pollination were more productive and more efficient in the absorption and efficiency of use of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and 4) hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla with descendants of the crossing of Eucalyptus camaldulensis with Eucalyptus grandis are less productive and less efficient in the absorption and use of N, P, K, Ca and Mg.
Genetic diversity of the hyperparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Melampsora willow rusts

Sphaerellopsis filum est un hyperparasite non specifique des rouilles qui se rencontre naturellement sur les Melampsora affectant le genre Salix ainsi que sur une large gamme d'autres genres de rouille dans le monde entier. Pour caracteriser la diversite de ce champignon hyperparasite, 77 isolats de S. filum, recoltes a partir de lesions de rouille sur des clones de plantation, des collections de clones et dans des sites naturels, ont ete etudies par analyse PCR-RFLP des regions ITS de l'ADNr, incluant le 5.8S rDNA, et par analyse de sequences. Des souches provenant de Melampsora des peupliers (4), de Puccinia abrupta sur Parthenium hysterophorus (5) et de P. obscura sur Bellis perennis (1) ont egalement ete utilisees pour comparaison. L'analyse genetique demontre une variation entre isolats de S. filum. Deux groupes principaux, avec plus de 32% de difference dans leur sequence nucleotidique, se distinguent, indiquant l'existence de deux taxons au sein de S. filum. A l'interieur du premier groupe, trois profils (I, II, III) sont mis en evidence, avec une difference d'environ 12% entre profils mais tres peu de variation (moins de 2%) a l'interieur d'un profil. Le deuxieme groupe comprend deux profils (IV, V) qui different de 12 a 16% pour leur sequence nucleotidique. Les isolats du groupe IV presentent une variation intra-groupe plus importante (jusqu'a 5%) que ceux des groupes I, II et III. Le groupe V n'est represente que par un isolat. Aucune relation n'a pu etre etablie entre les profils de S. filum et les genotypes de Melampsora ou la distribution spatiale. Il est a noter que les six isolats de S. filum provenant de rouilles a Puccinia appartiennent a un seul sous-groupe.
Mind the gap: modelling event-based and millennial-scale landscape dynamics

This research looks at landscape dynamics – erosion and deposition – from two different perspectives: long-term landscape evolution over millennial timescales on the one hand and short-term event-based erosion and deposition at the other hand. For the first, landscape evolution models (LEMs) are often used, which describe landscape forming processes by geomorphic transport laws, usually on annual temporal resolutions. LEM LAPSUS is used in this research to evaluate the landscape dynamics in a study area in south-east Spain: the Guadalentin Basin. The model is calibrated on dated river terrace levels, which show an erosion – deposition – erosion sequence that the model could reproduce. Annual precipitation in this dryland area shows large inter-annual variability and erosion is supposed to be mainly the results of low-frequency, high magnitude rainfall events. Therefore, in this research, landscape dynamics are also assessed using the event-based erosion model OpenLISEM. Eventually, the role of extreme events in long-term landscape evolution are explored by comparing the two models and by incorporating annual rainfall variability into LEM LAPSUS. Another issue that is being addressed in this study is the relative influence of humans as compared to erosion as a natural process. A conceptual model, derived on the basis of dated sediment archives, is tentatively correlated to periods of human impact on the land. Using LAPSUS, the potential influence of historical tillage erosion is simulated, showing that the relatively slow process of tillage erosion added to floodplain aggradation over thousands of years.
Characterization of Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare associated with black foot of grapevine in southern Brazil

The incidence and severity of black foot has been recently increasing in nurseries and vineyards of southern Brazil. The goal of the present study was to characterize Campylocarpon isolates associated with black foot of grapevines ( Vitis spp.) using multi-gene DNA analysis (internal transcribed spacers [ITS rDNA], β-tubulin and histone H3) and morphological characteristics, and to test the pathogenicity of the isolates in grapevine ( Vitis labrusca cv. Bordo). The three DNA regions analyzed indicated that all the isolates belonged to Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare . Their morphology was similar to descriptions published for the species. Isolates exhibited umber- to chestnut-coloured colonies and macroconidia (38.0 × 7.0 μ m) predominantly with three septa. All the isolates inoculated in V. labrusca cv. Bordo caused typical symptoms of black foot. This is the first report of Campylocarpon pseudofasciculare in southern Brazil.
Overexpression of Protein Kinase C- (cid:1) in the Mouse Epidermis Leads to a Spontaneous Myeloproliferative-Like Disease

Protein kinase C (PKC)- (cid:1) , a Ca 2 (cid:2) -independent, phos-pholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is among the PKC isoforms expressed in mouse epidermis. We reported that FVB/N transgenic mouse lines that overexpress (8- or 18-fold) PKC- (cid:1) protein in basal epidermal cells and cells of the hair follicle develop papilloma-independent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) elicited by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene initiation and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promotion or by repeated ultraviolet radiation expo-sures. The susceptibility to the development of SCC was proportional to the level of expression of the PKC- (cid:1) transgene. We now report that PKC- (cid:1) FVB/N transgenic mice (line 215) that overexpress in epidermis (cid:1) 18-fold PKC- (cid:1) protein more than their wild-type littermates spontaneously develop a myeloprolifera-tive-like disease (MPD) in 100% of PKC- (cid:1) transgenic mice. The MPD was characterized by an excess of neutrophils and eosinophils, resulting in invasion of almost
The effect of body weight and age at calving on milk production in Holstein cattle.

Summary The 180-day production records of 1,344 lactations of Holstein cows including records of lactations one through eight, collected from six herds, were used to determine the independent influences of age and weight on production. A multiple regression analysis of first lactation data indicated that for a constant age milk production increased 134lb and fat 7.8lb for each 100-lb increase in body weight, and for a constant weight each increase of one month of age was accompanied by an increase of 46lb of milk and 1.2lb of fat. When all lactations were combined and the number of the lactation ignored, milk production increased by 400lb and fat production by 14.4lb for each 100-lb increase in weight. For a constant weight each month increase in age was accompanied by an increase of 28.4lb of milk and 0.9lb of fat. Heritability estimates based on 385 daughter-dam pairs for body weight, milk production, and fat production were . 29, . 44, and . 0, respectively, when obtained from first lactation data, and were . 19, . 43, and . 41 for all lactations 1 through 4 combined. Genetic correlations between total milk and fat production were of the order of . 90. Those between body weight and production ranged from near zero in the first lactation to −. 53 in the second lactation. The genetic correlation between weight and milk was −. 12 and that between weight and fat −. 23, when the first four lactations were combined. Because of the negative correlations, less progress would be expected in selecting for both increased body weight and production than if they were independent or positively correlated. Analysis of the data indicated that as much and probably more of the variation in production was associated with body weight as with age.
Application of a variance decomposition method to compare satellite and aerial inventory data: a tool for evaluating wildlife–habitat relationships

Summary 1. Researchers frequently rely on forest inventories derived for other purposes when characterizing wildlife‐habitat associations. When studied populations are remote and inventory coverage is incomplete for one or more data sets, researchers must often choose between the need for greater detail in habitat information and complete coverage of the land base. Forest inventories are often limited to canopy-level information; however, different aspects of the overstorey and understorey may be important to wildlife. 2. We compared the explanatory power of a forest resource inventory (FRI) and Landsatderived inventory to account for variation in vegetation communities available to woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou . Forest canopy and understorey data were collected from stands in the Clay Belt region of Ontario, Canada, and cluster analysis and ordination were used to identify discrete community types. 3. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed strong relationships between forest inventories and vegetation communities derived from field data. The integration of field-based species and structural data with remote sensing land cover information provided sufficient detail among vegetation communities to identify features of known importance to woodland caribou. Variance decomposition revealed that FRI and Landsat variables had different capacities to explain variation in community composition, and overlap existed in the explanatory power. FRI species factors had greater explanatory power than Landsat habitat classes; however, Landsat structural variables accounted for more variation than FRI structural variables. 4. Synthesis and applications . The results support the use of forest inventory attributes to infer vegetation characteristics in the overstorey and understorey, thus providing a tool for wildlife‐habitat management. The need to account for woodland caribou habitat needs in forest management planning can be facilitated by using readily available vegetation descriptions within the FRI and Landsat data sets. This approach to community classification is of particular benefit for characterizing wildlife habitat in remote areas where collection of detailed vegetation information is impractical. When using habitat inventories derived from different data sources, variance decomposition can aid the researcher in identifying how explanatory power is structured within different data sets, quantifying the independent and confounded components of explained variation.
Revalidation of Rana laterimaculata Barbour et Noble, 1916 from the Synonymy of Rana baramica Boettger, 1901

that visible and audible differences were apparent between two 'forms' of R. 'baramica', be sympatric in some localities. The characters of the two 'forms' are analysed and compared. is here recognized as a valid species and a neotype is assigned in place of the missing holotype. The species is redescribed and diagnostic differences separat-ing it from R. baramica are explained. The present known distribution of both species is provided. Both species are confined to the Sunda region.
Influência do diâmetro de estacas no enraizamento de Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth

Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae), arvore nativa das Americas e Antilhas, foi introduzida no Brasil para fins ornamentais e tornou-se uma especie invasora de areas degradadas e pastagens na regiao sul. No Estado do Parana e considerada uma planta invasora nociva, proibida a sua entrada, o plantio, o transporte, a producao e o comercio de mudas, sementes, pedacos de caules e raizes. O trabalho teve como objetivo comprovar o potencial de enraizamento de estacas caulinares lenhosas de Tecoma stans com diferentes diâmetros de espessura. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com tres tratamentos: T1 = diâmetro da estaca de 0,60 – 0,80 cm; T2 = diâmetro da estaca de 0,81 – 1,00 cm e T3 = diâmetro da estaca de 1,01 – 1,20 cm. As variaveis analisadas foram: percentagem de estacas enraizadas, numero de brotacoes por estaca, comprimento das brotacoes (cm), percentagem de estacas com presenca de mais de 10 raizes e comprimento das 3 maiores raizes por estaca (cm). Todas as estacas apresentaram 100% de enraizamento. Os tratamentos T2 e T3 diferiram estatisticamente do tratamento T1 para o comprimento das brotacoes, enquanto o T2 diferiu dos demais para o comprimento das raizes. A facilidade desta especie em propagar-se vegetativamente reforca e comprova a sua caracteristica invasora.
Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite relates to social rank in Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys

Abstract Studies suggest there is a connection between adrenal cortisol production and social rank in many non-human primates. Behavioral observations have confirmed that Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) have obvious social ranks. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations as an indicator of social stress and dominance rank in Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys. Fecal samples were collected about every 5 days for 1 year from 10 Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (> 7 years old; n = 5 males, 5 females), and analysed for FGM with a corticosterone radioimmunoassay using machine learning and open access data. Results showed that: (1) yearly mean FGM levels were negatively correlated with individual animal behavioral social rank in both males and females; (2) we divided the whole year into warm and cold seasons (seasonally) and breeding and nonbreeding seasons physiologically. Except for cold seasons, FGM levels have a negative correlation with behavioral social ranks in males and females; (3) female rank does not clearly relate to FGM levels; (4) social ranks of snub-nosed monkeys are more collaborative traits than aggressive ones. Our ﬁndings have important implications for understanding the different physiological consequences of dominant and subordinate social status on Sichuan snub-nosed monkey societies, and it quantifies how physiological stress differs during seasons and phases, and by individuals.
Mitochondrial genomics in the Genus Phytophthora with a focus on Phytophthora ramorum

The mitochondrial genomes of Phytophthora infestans, P. ramorum and P. sojae have been sequenced and comparative genomics has provided an opportunity to examine the processes involved with genome evolution in the genus Phytophthora. This approach can also be useful in assessing intraspecific genome evolution and identification of cytoplasmic markers that will be useful in population studies. Polymorphisms have been observed in the mitochondrial genomic sequences of P. ramorum isolates from North America and Europe (13 single base changes and an insertion of 180 bp in the European isolate). The development of seven primer pairs for amplification and sequencing of some of these polymorphic regions has identified four mitochondrial haplotypes. The two most common ones represent the North American and European lineages, but there also is a third haplotype representing the third lineage of the pathogen (from Washington State) and a fourth haplotype found in several isolates recovered from the forest ecosystem in Oregon.
Tidal and turbidity effects on the shallow-water fish assemblage of Kuwait Bay

Effects of location, diel period, tidal condition and water clanty on the size and distribution of the shallow water fish assemblage of the non-estuarine Kuwait Bay, were investigated using a beach seine and a small research trawl during spring and summer 1989. Total numbers, biomass and numbers of species differed markedly between Doha, a sandy shore environment, and Kazmah, an extensive intertidal mud flat. When fish were present in large numbers there was a marked die1 effect at both locat~ons with many more fish captured during the mght. Tidal effects were influenced by turbidity and the age structure of the assemblage. In clear water during spring, very young Liza carinata from the seine catches formed shoals at the edge of the rising tide both day and night, while fish 2 mo older formed shoals only on daytime r~s ing tides. At Kazmah during spnng, h ~ g h turbidity obscured any tidal effects in the seine catches. In shghtly deeper water, sampled by trawl during spring, Leioynathus decorus showed an asymmetrical hdal migration In summer, beach seine catches were much higher on the rising tide. Summer trawl catches did not show a consistent tidal effect
Enhanced colour polymorphisms in island populations of the land snail Euhadra peliomphala

Variations in visible genetic polymorphisms are assumed to decrease in populations on small islands because of intense founder effects, genetic drift and inbreeding. However, we have found evidence of a marked enhancement of colour polymorphisms within populations on small oceanic islands that were colonized from the mainland. The source populations on the mainland of the land snail Euhadra peliomphala in four oceanic islands were estimated by phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Diversity of shell colour was higher in the island populations than in the source populations on the mainland. In addition, the shell colour morphs differed not only among populations from different islands but also between the island populations and the source populations on the mainland. By contrast, no mtDNA variations were found in any of the island populations, even though the source populations possessed high mtDNA diversity. Thus, components of colour morphs changed in the island populations after their colonization, and colour polymorphisms are enhanced in these islands despite the loss of genetic variation. The above findings suggest that ecological mechanisms such as morphological release owing to a release from competition may overcome the tendency toward reduced genetic variation in islands to enhance the colour polymorphism.
Salmonberry Clonal and Population Structure: The Basis for a Persistent Cover

To understand how populations of salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis) persist in common forest stand types, we studied the above- and belowground structure of salm- onberry clones and populations in upland alder and conifer stands, in riparian stands, and in 2-yr-old and 13- to 18-yr-old clearcuts in the central Oregon Coast Range. On undisturbed sites individual clones and populations replace aerial stems by rhizome extension, by production of new genets, and by sprouts from buds on old aerial stems. It appears that frequent initiation of aerial stems from these three sources enables salmonberry populations to persist and maintain a dense cover. The size distribution of aerial stems on these sites resembled that of an uneven-aged stand of trees, with stem numbers decreasing from small to large size classes. Within the first two growing seasons after disturbance to overstory trees and the understory, salmonberry populations maintained themselves by a rapid initia- tion of new rhizomes (1.0-2.5 r/i2 annually) and aerial stems (25-50 stems/i2). These populations apparently continue to grow well, since the greatest rhizome and aerial stem biomass occurred in 13- to 18-yr-old clearcuts with no overstory trees. Rhizome density of salmonberry populations, as well as rhizome and aerial stem bio- mass, was significantly and negatively related (r2 = 0.71-0.83) to the basal area of overstory trees. It appears that population structure, rhizome length and aerial stem, rhizome, and total biomass, can be predicted from measures of preharvest overstory trees, and also from salmonberry stem number and basal area. Clonal architecture varied with stand type. Salmonberry clones in alder stands were larger (18 m total rhizome) than those in conifer stands and on riparian sites (5-6 m rhizome). Clones in alder stands also produced more ramets and more aerial stems than those in conifer and riparian stands.
Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah yang Diberi Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi Fermentasi

Rice straw as one of agriculture by product has low nutritive value. Fermentation of rice straw increased its nutrient digestibility and palatability. Present experiments aimed to study the effect of feeding rations composed of concentrate and ground fermented rice straw supplemented with urea and probiotic. The first trial was conducted to study the apparent digestibility of experimental diets in 18 Etawah-grade bucks with 1-1.5 year age and initial body weight of 30.18 ± 8.38 kg. The second trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding experimental rations on reproduction, milk yield and its quality in 24 Etawah-grade does with 1 to 3 years age and initial weight of 35.75 ± 5.72 kg. The rations were as follows; KJP = concentrate + chopped fermented rice straw; KJG = concentrate + ground fermented rice straw; KRG = concentrate + elephant grass. A completely randomized design was applied in both nutrient digestibility and performance trials. In both trials, the rations were offered twice daily. Does and kids were weighted once in two week. Does were milked manually once a week for 3 months post partum. Milk was sampled for determination of its specific gravity, protein, fat and solid content. Gestation length, litter size, birth weigth and weaned weight were recorded. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake, and apparent digestibility of DM did not differ significantly among treatments. However, apparent digestibility of CP in goat offered KJG was lower (P Key words: Goat, straw, fermentation, digestibility, milk, kids