Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatic PTP4A1 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hepatosteatosis and hyperglycemia by the activation of the CREBH/FGF21 axis

Precise regulation of kinases and phosphatases is crucial for human metabolic homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA1 (PTP4A1) in regulating hepatosteatosis and glucose homeostasis. Method: Ptp4a1-/- mice, adeno-associated virus encoding Ptp4a1 under liver-specific promoter, adenovirus encoding Fgf21, and primary hepatocytes were used to evaluate PTP4A1-mediated regulation in the hepatosteatosis and glucose homeostasis. Glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, 2-deoxyglucose uptake assay, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp were performed to estimate glucose homeostasis in mice. The staining, including oil red O, hematoxylin & eosin, and BODIPY, and biochemical analysis for hepatic triglycerides were performed to assess hepatic lipids. Luciferase reporter assays, immunoprecipitation, immunoblots, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry staining were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism. Results: Here, we found that deficiency of PTP4A1 aggravated glucose homeostasis and hepatosteatosis in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Increased lipid accumulation in hepatocytes of Ptp4a1-/- mice reduced the level of glucose transporter 2 on the plasma membrane of hepatocytes leading to a diminution of glucose uptake. PTP4A1 prevented hepatosteatosis by activating the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH)/fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis. Liver-specific PTP4A1 or systemic FGF21 overexpression in Ptp4a1-/- mice fed an HF diet restored the disorder of hepatosteatosis and glucose homeostasis. Finally, liver-specific PTP4A1 expression ameliorated an HF diet-induced hepatosteatosis and hyperglycemia in wild-type mice. Conclusions: Hepatic PTP4A1 is critical for regulating hepatosteatosis and glucose homeostasis by activating the CREBH/FGF21 axis. Our current study provides a novel function of PTP4A1 in metabolic disorders; hence, modulating PTP4A1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy against hepatosteatosis-related diseases.
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy in Severe Acute Cholecystitis: An Observational Study From a Single Institute

Background Although percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is generally accepted as a bridge to definitive therapy for acute cholecystitis (AC), which remains cholecystectomy, some patients did not undergo cholecystectomy, mainly due to contraindications to surgery. Here, we aimed to investigate the predictors of recurrence and the outcome after PC. Methods This is a retrospective study from a single general hospital at Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom. One hundred twenty-six patients who presented with AC grade 3 and were initially managed with PC were included. In addition, the proportion of patients who did not undergo subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and their characteristics were analyzed. Results The mean age of the study cohort was 72 (36-98) years, and the median length of drain insertion was 39.5 days. The majority (52%) presented with severe AC grade 3 with failed medical treatment to control the disease, while 7% had an emphysematous gallbladder. Eighty percent of patients did not develop any further attacks of AC after PC removal. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (35%). The mean age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity score was 3.72. Thirty-six percent (45/126) of the study cohort underwent LC, while the remaining patients did not receive any surgical intervention. Nine percent were deemed unfit for surgery. Forty-one patients (33%) were managed conservatively as they did not have a further attack of cholecystitis after PC removal or had a mild attack managed with antibiotics. In addition, 22% experienced procedural complications, including a blocked stent, pain, and cellulitis around the tube. The 30-day mortality rate of patients who did not undergo LC was 5%. Predictors of interval cholecystectomy were younger age, calculus cholecystitis, low Charslson index score, and uncomplicated and shorter length of hospital stay with PC. Conclusion Most severe AC patients treated initially with PC did not undergo subsequent LC. Therefore, PC in high-surgical-risk patients with AC could be a definitive treatment.
Dysregulation of Iron Metabolism-Linked Genes at Myocardial Tissue and Cell Levels in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

In heart failure, the biological and clinical connection between abnormal iron homeostasis, myocardial function, and prognosis is known; however, the expression profiles of iron-linked genes both at myocardial tissue and single-cell level are not well defined. Through publicly available bulk and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets of left ventricle samples from adult non-failed (NF) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) subjects, we aim to evaluate the altered iron metabolism in a diseased condition, at the whole cardiac tissue and single-cell level. From the bulk RNA-seq data, we found 223 iron-linked genes expressed at the myocardial tissue level and 44 differentially expressed between DCM and NF subjects. At the single-cell level, at least 18 iron-linked expressed genes were significantly regulated in DCM when compared to NF subjects. Specifically, the iron metabolism in DCM cardiomyocytes is altered at several levels, including: (1) imbalance of Fe3+ internalization (SCARA5 down-regulation) and reduction of internal conversion from Fe3+ to Fe2+ (STEAP3 down-regulation), (2) increase of iron consumption to produce hemoglobin (HBA1/2 up-regulation), (3) higher heme synthesis and externalization (ALAS2 and ABCG2 up-regulation), (4) lower cleavage of heme to Fe2+, biliverdin and carbon monoxide (HMOX2 down-regulation), and (5) positive regulation of hepcidin (BMP6 up-regulation).
Relative transition probabilities for krypton.

Relative transition probabilities of the more prominent Kr i and Kr ii lines have been measured using a gas-driven shock tube as a spectroscopic source. Results for 22 Kr i lines (4200 < λ < 8500 A) and 33 Kr ii lines (4000< λ <5300 A) have estimated reliabilities of 8–50%. The data are compared with other measurements and with theoretical calculations.
Numerical study of flow field induced by a locomotive fish in the moving meshes

In this paper, the equations of motion are solved together with the incompressible constraint condition to simulate the flow field induced by the two specified fish motions. Since the investigated flow/structure interaction varies with time, the analysis is conducted in the moving meshes. Within the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) framework, both the space conservation law and the geometric conservation law have been rigorously enforced on the discrete level. Grid points move along with the fish to facilitate the analysis of the induced flow field for revealing the interaction mechanism. The resulting wave and sinusoidal motions of the fish are addressed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-to-Moderate Correlations Between Repeated Sprint Ability and Aerobic Capacity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide meta-analytic estimates of the relationships between repeated sprint ability (RSA) outputs (total sprint time [TST] and fatigue scores) and aerobic capacity indicators (V̇O2max, the covered distance in the endurance shuttle run test [SRTdistance], and the velocity at the anaerobic lactate threshold [ALTvelocity]). To identify potential studies for inclusion, a search strategy was implemented on MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science. The correlation coefficients between RSA outputs and aerobic capacity indicators were extracted from the individual studies to reveal a pooled correlation. After the identification of studies providing inclusion criteria, 45 studies consisting of 1,488 accumulated participants were included. Meta-analysis showed the positive moderate relationships between TST and V̇O2max (pooled r = 0.444, p < 0.001), TST and SRTdistance (pooled r = 0.465, p < 0.001), TST and ALTvelocity (pooled r = 0.527, p < 0.001), RSA fatigue score and V̇O2max (pooled r = 0.449, p < 0.001), and RSA fatigue score and ALTvelocity (pooled r = 0.460, p < 0.001), which showed a low positive relationship between RSA fatigue score and SRTdistance (pooled r = 0.305, p = 0.029). This study showed pooled correlations between RSA outputs and practical aerobic capacity indicators. However, contrary to popular belief that there were stronger relationships, these relationships were low to moderate.
Selected Aspects of the Intricate Background of Immune-Related Cholangiopathies—A Critical Overview

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are rare immune-related cholangiopathies with still poorly explained pathogenesis. Although triggers of chronic inflammation with subsequent fibrosis that affect cholangiocytes leading to obliteration of bile ducts and conversion to liver cirrhosis are unclear, both disorders are regarded to be multifactorial. Different factors can contribute to the development of hepatocellular injury in the course of progressive cholestasis, including (1) body accumulation of bile acids and their toxicity, (2) decreased food intake and nutrient absorption, (3) gut microbiota transformation, and (4) reorganized host metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that intestinal microbiome composition not only can be altered by liver dysfunction, but in turn, it actively impacts hepatic conditions. In this review, we highlight the role of key factors such as the gut–liver axis, intestinal barrier integrity, bile acid synthesis and circulation, and microbiome composition, which seem to be strongly related to PBC and PSC outcome. Emerging treatments and future therapeutic strategies are also presented.
X-Ray Properties of the Young Stellar and Substellar Objects in the IC 348 Cluster: The Chandra View

We explore the X-ray properties of the young stellar and substellar objects in the open cluster IC 348 as seen in our deep Chandra X-Ray Observatory Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer image. First, we give identifications of all X-ray sources and determine upper limits for the X-ray luminosities of the undetected cluster members. Then we analyze the X-ray spectra of the young stellar objects, deriving plasma temperatures between ∼0.7 and ∼3 keV for the T Tauri stars in IC 348 and higher temperatures, between ∼3 and ∼7 keV, for flaring sources and two embedded young stellar objects. We find several large X-ray flares, in some of which a clear hardening of the X-ray spectra during the flare peak is seen. Next we use the exceptional optical, infrared, and X-ray data set of this cluster to study various correlations and their implications, and to discuss new answers to some long-standing questions related to X-ray emission from young (sub)stellar objects. The X-ray luminosities of the young low-mass stars are strongly correlated to the stellar bolometric luminosities (LX ∼ 10-4 × Lbol). Also, a good correlation between X-ray luminosity and stellar mass is found (LX ∝ M2). For the weak-line T Tauri stars we find a tight correlation between X-ray activity and chromospheric activity (LX ∝ L), supporting the hypothesis that the chromosphere is heated by X-rays from the overlying corona. The observed X-ray properties of the brown dwarfs (and brown dwarf candidates) are very similar to those of late-type stars; we explain this behavior as the consequence of the fact that very young substellar objects are still warm enough to maintain partially ionized atmospheres, which are capable of sustaining electrical currents, while in the cooler neutral atmospheres of L and T dwarfs such currents are shut off (hence no X-ray emission). Finally, we explore the difference between the X-ray luminosity functions of classical and weak-line T Tauri stars. We find that the classical T Tauri stars in IC 348 seem to be on average less X-ray luminous than the weak-line T Tauri stars. However, we suggest that this apparent difference is caused by a selection effect: there is a strong detections bias against those weak-line T Tauri stars that are optically faint and hence X-ray faint; the population of classical T Tauri stars, on the other hand, is essentially completely known because of its very prominent Hα emission. This conclusion is corroborated by another new result: when using a photometrically selected, magnitude-limited, complete sample of T Tauri stars and taking the K-L infrared excess as a tracer of circumstellar material, we find no evidence in IC 348 for a difference in X-ray properties of young stars with and without circumstellar matter, i.e., classical and "naked" T Tauri stars.
Experimental investigation of convective stability in a superposed fluid and porous layer when heated from below

Experiments have been carried out in a horizontal superposed fluid and porous layer contained in a test box 24 cm × 12 cm × 4 cm high. The porous layer consisted of 3 mm diameter glass beads, and the fluids used were water, 60% and 90% glycerin-water solutions, and 100% glycerin. The depth ratio ď, which is the ratio of the thickness of the fluid layer to that of the porous layer, varied from 0 to 1.0. Fluids of increasingly higher viscosity were used for cases with larger ď in order to keep the temperature difference across the tank within reasonable limits. The top and bottom walls were kept at different constant temperatures. Onset of convection was detected by a change of slope in the heat flux curve. The size of the convection cells was inferred from temperature measurements made with embedded thermocouples and from temperature distributions at the top of the layer by use of liquid crystal film. The experimental results showed (i) a precipitous decrease in the critical Rayleigh number as the depth of the fluid layer was increased from zero, and (ii) an eightfold decrease in the critical wavelength between ď = 0.1 and 0.2. Both of these results were predicted by the linear stability theory reported earlier (Chen & Chen 1988).
A measure differential inequality with applications

A measure differential inequality is established and is used to prove a result on the maximum solution, a comparison theorem and a uniqueness theorem of Perron type for abstract measure differential equations. Introduction. In previous papers [4], [5], the author introduced abstract measure differential equations and studied the problem of the existence of their solutions. As the differential and integral inequalities play a vital role in the theory of differential equations, it is essential to develop certain measure differential inequalities for the further study of (abstract) measure differential equations. This paper is an attempt towards this objective. In [4], [5], X is taken to be a real or complex linear space with Sx and S defined by (1.1) below. It may be noticed, however, that if X is normed x and Sx, Sx be defined by (1.2), all the results and proofs in [4], [5] still remain valid. In this paper Sx, S would be assumed to be defined by either of the equations (1.1) and (1.2) when X is normed. 1. Notation and preliminaries. Let X be a linear space over the field ? f where ? f is the set R of real numbers or the set C of complex numbers. For each x e X, we define S =ax: < a<1, S< = }ax: o < a < 1} iff= R; (1.1) sx t ax: 0 < lal < 1}, s x t ax: O < lal < 1} if =C. If X be normed, S and S may be assumed to have alternative meanings x x defined by (1.2) sx= f ex: llll < l1lxll X =IC lE X: jlell ' IlxliK Received by the editors September 26, 1973 and, in revised form, December 4, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 34G05; Secondary 46G99.
Deciphering the Kidney Matrisome: Identification and Quantification of Renal Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Healthy Mice

Precise characterization of a tissue’s extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition (matrisome) is essential for biomedicine. However, ECM protein extraction that requires organ-specific optimization is still a major limiting factor in matrisome studies. In particular, the matrisome of mouse kidneys is still understudied, despite mouse models being crucial for renal research. Here, we comprehensively characterized the matrisome of kidneys in healthy C57BL/6 mice using two ECM extraction methods in combination with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), protein identification, and label-free quantification (LFQ) using MaxQuant. We identified 113 matrisome proteins, including 22 proteins that have not been previously listed in the Matrisome Database. Depending on the extraction approach, the core matrisome (structural proteins) comprised 45% or 73% of kidney ECM proteins, and was dominated by glycoproteins, followed by collagens and proteoglycans. Among matrisome-associated proteins, ECM regulators had the highest LFQ intensities, followed by ECM-affiliated proteins and secreted factors. The identified kidney ECM proteins were primarily involved in cellular, developmental and metabolic processes, as well as in molecular binding and regulation of catalytic and structural molecules’ activity. We also performed in silico comparative analysis of the kidney matrisome composition in humans and mice based on publicly available data. These results contribute to the first reference database for the mouse renal matrisome.
Predictors of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Willingness among High-Risk Populations Three Years after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic

High-risk populations are at increased risk of severe influenza-related illness, hospitalization, and death due to influenza. The aim of our study was to assess the willingness of high-risk populations to take the influenza vaccine for the 2022–2023 season, and to investigate the factors associated with such willingness. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Greece in September 2022 using a convenience sample. We considered demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related variables, resilience, social support, anxiety, depression, and COVID-19-related burnout as potential predictors. Among participants, 39.4% were willing to accept the seasonal influenza vaccine, 33.9% were unwilling, and 26.8% were hesitant. Multivariable analysis identified that increased age and increased family support were associated with increased influenza vaccination willingness. Moreover, participants that have received COVID-19 booster doses were more willing to accept the influenza vaccine. In contrast, adverse effects because of COVID-19 vaccination and exhaustion due to measures against COVID-19 reduced influenza vaccination willingness. We found that the intention of high-risk populations to receive the influenza vaccine was low. Our study contributes to an increased understanding of the factors that affect vaccination willingness. Public health authorities could use this information to update vaccination programs against influenza. Emphasis should be given on safety and effectiveness issues.
Spatio-temporal pattern formation in a nonlocal reaction-diffusion equation

We study a scalar reaction-diffusion equation which contains a nonlocal term in the form of an integral convolution in the spatial variable and demonstrate, using asymptotic, analytical and numerical techniques, that this scalar equation is capable of producing spatio-temporal patterns. Fisher's equation is a particular case of this equation. An asymptotic expansion is obtained for a travelling wavefront connecting the two uniform steady states and qualitative differences to the corresponding solution of Fisher's equation are noted. A stability analysis combined with numerical integration of the equation show that under certain circumstances nonuniform solutions are formed in the wake of this front. Using global bifurcation theory, we prove the existence of such non-uniform steady state solutions for a wide range of parameter values. Numerical bifurcation studies of the behaviour of steady state solutions as a certain parameter is varied, are also presented.
The propagation of premixed flames in closed tubes

A nonlinear evolution equation that describes the propagation of a premixed flame in a closed tube has been derived from the general conservation equations. What distinguishes it from other similar equations is a memory term whose origin is in the vorticity production at the flame front. The two important parameters in this equation are the tube's aspect ratio and the Markstein parameter. A linear stability analysis indicates that when the Markstein parameter α is above a critical value αc the planar flame is the stable equilibrium solution. For α below αc the planar flame is no longer stable and there is a band of growing modes. Numerical solutions of the full nonlinear equation confirm this conclusion. Starting with random initial conditions the results indicate that, after a short transient, a at flame develops when α>αc and it remains flat until it reaches the end of the tube. When α<αc, on the other hand, stable curved flames may develop down the tube. Depending on the initial conditions the flame assumes either a cellular structure, characterized by a finite number of cells convex towards the unburned gas, or a tulip shape characterized by a sharp indentation at the centre of the tube pointing toward the burned gases. In particular, if the initial conditions are chosen so as to simulate the elongated finger-like flame that evolves from an ignition source, a tulip flame evolves downstream. In accord with experimental observations the tulip shape forms only after the flame has travelled a certain distance down the tube, it does not form in short tubes and its formation depends on the mixture composition. While the initial deformation of the flame front is a direct result of the hydrodynamic instability, the actual formation of the tulip flame results from the vortical motion created in the burned gas which is a consequence of the vorticity produced at the flame front.
Effect of leakage current and shunt resistance on the light intensity dependence of organic solar cells

In this report, we demonstrate that parasitic leakage currents dominate the current voltage characteristics of organic solar cells measured under illumination intensities less than one sun when the device shunt resistance is too low (<106 Ω cm2). The implications of such effects on common interpretations of the light intensity dependence of the solar cell open circuit voltage, fill factor, short circuit current, and power conversion efficiency are discussed in detail.
Radiative–Convective Processes in Simulated Diurnal Variations ofTropical Oceanic Convection

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the diurnal variation of tropical oceanic convection and its associated energy cycle as simulated by an anelastic cumulus ensemble model. The model includes subgrid turbulence, cloud microphysics, and radiative transfer processes. In two experiments designed to simulate the diurnal cycles in large-scale disturbed (A1) and undisturbed conditions (A4) over the tropical western Pacific warm pool, the model produces diurnal variations that are in general agreement with observations. In A1, a time-independent SST and mean ascending motion are prescribed in the model. The model generates a diurnal cycle with positive (negative) rainfall anomalies during the night (day), and the maximum (minimum) rainfall near 0200 (1300–1400) local time. In A4, a diurnally varying SST is prescribed in the model and the domain-averaged vertical velocity is constrained to be zero. The simulated diurnal variations still have a nocturnal rainfall maximum but with a weaker magnitude and a .