Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Syndemics and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Black Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV

Background: Although HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART) access and uptake have increased among racial/ethnic minority individuals, lower rates of ART adherence and viral suppression persist, especially among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) compared with their White counterparts. Setting: Black men who have sex with men living with HIV (BMSM+) residing in Los Angeles County (N = 124) were recruited in-person (eg, clinic) and online (eg, social networking apps). Methods: Participants completed a cross-sectional survey measuring demographic characteristics, structural syndemics (poverty, criminal justice involvement, and housing instability), and psychosocial syndemics (mental health and substance use). A text message survey assessed missed doses of ART over the past week. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used to evaluate variables associated with the number of missed doses of ART. Results: On average, participants missed 1.30 doses of ART (SD = 2.09) and reported structural syndemics: poverty (56.1%), criminal justice involvement (36.6%), housing instability (26.3%), and psychosocial syndemics: childhood sexual abuse (51.8%), intimate partner violence (16.9%), depression (39%), and problem alcohol use (15.5%). After controlling for employment, age, education, and psychosocial syndemics, participants with a one-point increase in structural syndemic indicators were found to be 1.63 times more likely to have missed a dose of ART. Conclusions: Structural syndemic were associated with ART nonadherence among BMSM+ after adjusting for demographic and psychosocial factors. HIV treatment interventions that incorporate financial incentives, legal support, and housing may help improve ART adherence among BMSM+. Findings suggest that key priorities to ending the HIV epidemic must include structural interventions that alleviate poverty, eliminate disproportionate policing and criminalization, and end homelessness.
Angiotensin Receptor–Neprilysin Inhibition in Acute Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND: In patients with symptomatic heart failure, sacubitril-valsartan has been found to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death from cardiovascular causes more effectively than an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. Trials comparing the effects of these drugs in patients with acute myocardial infarction have been lacking. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with myocardial infarction complicated by a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary congestion, or both to receive either sacubitril-valsartan (97 mg of sacubitril and 103 mg of valsartan twice daily) or ramipril (5 mg twice daily) in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or incident heart failure (outpatient symptomatic heart failure or heart failure leading to hospitalization), whichever occurred first. RESULTS: A total of 5661 patients underwent randomization; 2830 were assigned to receive sacubitril-valsartan and 2831 to receive ramipril. Over a median of 22 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 338 patients (11.9%) in the sacubitril-valsartan group and in 373 patients (13.2%) in the ramipril group (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.04; P = 0.17). Death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure occurred in 308 patients (10.9%) in the sacubitril-valsartan group and in 335 patients (11.8%) in the ramipril group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.07); death from cardiovascular causes in 168 (5.9%) and 191 (6.7%), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.08); and death from any cause in 213 (7.5%) and 242 (8.5%), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.05). Treatment was discontinued because of an adverse event in 357 patients (12.6%) in the sacubitril-valsartan group and 379 patients (13.4%) in the ramipril group. CONCLUSIONS: Sacubitril-valsartan was not associated with a significantly lower incidence of death from cardiovascular causes or incident heart failure than ramipril among patients with acute myocardial infarction. (Funded by Novartis; PARADISE-MI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02924727.).
Diet Inflammatory Index and Dementia Incidence

Background and Objectives Aging is characterized by a functional shift of the immune system toward a proinflammatory phenotype. This derangement has been associated with cognitive decline and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dementia. Diet can modulate systemic inflammation; thus, it may be a valuable tool to counteract the associated risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. The present study aimed to explore the associations between the inflammatory potential of diet, assessed with an easily applicable, population-based, biomarker-validated diet inflammatory index (DII), and the risk for dementia in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Individuals from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD) were included in the present cohort study. Participants were recruited through random population sampling and were followed up for a mean of 3.05 (standard deviation 0.85) years. Dementia diagnosis was based on standard clinical criteria. Those with baseline dementia or missing cognitive follow-up data were excluded from the analyses. The inflammatory potential of diet was assessed through a DII score that considers literature-derived associations of 45 food parameters with levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood; higher values indicated a more proinflammatory diet. Consumption frequencies were derived from a detailed food frequency questionnaire and were standardized to representative dietary intake normative data from 11 different countries. Analysis of dementia incidence as a function of baseline DII scores was performed by Cox proportional hazards models. Results Analyses included 1,059 individuals (mean age 73.1 years, 40.3% male, mean education 8.2 years), 62 of whom developed incident dementia. Each additional unit of DII score was associated with a 21% increase in the risk for dementia incidence (hazard ratio 1.21 [95% confidence interval 1.03–1.42]; p = 0.023). Compared to participants in the lowest DII score tertile, participants in the highest one (maximal proinflammatory diet potential) were 3 (95% confidence interval 1.2–7.3; p = 0.014) times more likely to develop incident dementia. The test for trend was also significant, indicating a potential dose-response relationship (p = 0.014). Discussion In the present study, higher DII scores (indicating greater proinflammatory diet potential) were associated with an increased risk for incident dementia. These findings might avail the development of primary dementia preventive strategies through tailored and precise dietary interventions.
Pan-cancer analysis of N4-acetylcytidine adaptor THUMPD1 as a predictor for prognosis and immunotherapy

Abstract Background: THUMPD1 is a specific RNA adaptor that assists acetylation of mRNA and production of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C). However, it remains unclear whether THUMPD1 plays a part in tumorigenesis and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we analyzed the expression profiles and prognostic value of THUMPD1 in pan-cancer and gained insights into the correlation between THUMPD1 expression level and immunotherapy efficacy. Methods: Gene expression pattern and its correlation with prognosis, immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer were obtained from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, with Kaplan–Meier method and Spearman correlation analysis used. Western blotting and immunofluorescence on clinical samples were performed to validate our database-derived results. Correlation between THUMPD1 expression level and immunotherapy responses was also explored, based on clinical cohorts receiving programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1) antibody therapy. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to show the possible tumorigenic mechanism. Results: THUMPD1 was highly expressed in most cancer types, and this elevated expression indicated poor or improved prognosis for different cancers. In kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), patients with higher THUMPD1 expression exhibited a better prognosis, while liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients had worse prognosis. Besides, THUMPD1 was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune checkpoints and neoantigen in many cancer types. Further, more clinical advantages and therapeutic responses were observed in patients with high THUMPD1 expression. Conclusions: THUMPD1 may serve as a novel predictor to evaluate cancer prognosis and immune therapy efficacy in diverse cancer types.
Spatio-temporal warping for myoelectric control: an offline, feasibility study

Objective. The efficacy of an adopted feature extraction method directly affects the classification of the electromyographic (EMG) signals in myoelectric control applications. Most methods attempt to extract the dynamics of the multi-channel EMG signals in the time domain and on a channel-by-channel, or at best pairs of channels, basis. However, considering multi-channel information to build a similarity matrix has not been taken into account. Approach. Combining methods of long and short-term memory (LSTM) and dynamic temporal warping, we developed a new feature, called spatio-temporal warping (STW), for myoelectric signals. This method captures the spatio-temporal relationships of multi-channels EMG signals. Main results. Across four online databases, we show that in terms of average classification error and standard deviation values, the STW feature outperforms traditional features by 5%–17%. In comparison to the more recent deep learning models, e.g. convolutional neural networks (CNNs), STW outperformed by 5%–18%. Also, STW showed enhanced performance when compared to the CNN + LSTM model by 2%–14%. All differences were statistically significant with a large effect size. Significance. This feasibility study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that the STW feature of the EMG signals can enhance the classification accuracy in an explainable way when compared to recent deep learning methods. Future work includes real-time implementation of the method and testing for prosthesis control.
Comparison of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and TKI combined with chemotherapy for adult philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

This study seeks to clarify whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is necessary for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in post‐remission based on a comparison with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with chemotherapy.
Accuracy of anterior nasal swab rapid antigen tests compared with RT‐PCR for massive SARS‐CoV‐2 screening in low prevalence population

The aim was to determine the accuracy of anterior nasal swab in rapid antigen (Ag) tests in a low SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence and massive screened community. Individuals, aged 18 years or older, who self‐booked an appointment for real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test in March 2021 at a public test center in Copenhagen, Denmark were included. An oropharyngeal swab was collected for RT‐PCR testing, followed by a swab from the anterior parts of the nose examined by Ag test (SD Biosensor). Accuracy of the Ag test was calculated with RT‐PCR as reference. We included 7074 paired conclusive tests (n = 3461, female: 50.7%). The median age was 48 years (IQR: 36–57 years). The prevalence was 0.9%, that is, 66 tests were positive on RT‐PCR. Thirty‐two had a paired positive Ag test. The sensitivity was 48.5% and the specificity was 100%. This study conducted in a low prevalence setting in a massive screening set‐up showed that the Ag test had a sensitivity of 48.5% and a specificity of 100%, that is, no false positive tests. The lower sensitivity is a challenge especially if Ag testing is not repeated frequently allowing this scalable test to be a robust supplement to RT‐PCR testing in an ambitious public SARS‐CoV‐2 screening.
Bilingualism effects in pronoun comprehension: Evidence from children with autism

The prevalence of autism worldwide has risen steadily in the last two decades, while bilingualism is also becoming increasingly prevalent in today's rapidly globalizing world. The current study aimed to investigate bilingualism effects in the pronoun resolution skills of children with autism in comparison to age‐matched monolingual children with autism, as well as monolingual and bilingual children of typical development (Ν = 20 participants per group). Results showed that autistic children had general difficulty anchoring ambiguous pronouns to entities that were linguistically expressed in discourse, yet, the bilingual children with autism were more sensitive to the topicality of the entities in syntactic subject position and more prone to identify them as suitable referents of ambiguous null pronouns as compared to their monolingual peers. The findings suggest that bilingualism is not detrimental to autistic children's pronoun resolution skills. The current study aimed at determining how bilingualism influences ambiguous pronoun comprehension in children with autism as compared to bilingual and monolingual children of typical development. The findings show that bilingualism was not detrimental to the autistic children's pronoun resolution skills, further suggesting that having acquired more than one language does not exacerbate autistic children's deficits in the comprehension of pronouns.
Speech warnings: a review

This article reviews the use and design of speech warnings in terms of ergonomic considerations. Firstly, it considers the benefits of using the auditory channel and technological approaches to producing artificial speech, Secondly, the characteristics of human and machine-generated speech are reviewed: the latter focusing on naturalness, intelligibility, rate of presentation, emotional content and quality. Thirdly, non-speech and speech warnings, and their potential uses are considered and the design of speech for warning applications. Given technological developments, greater use of the auditory channel for warnings is likely: taking into account human factors considerations should lead to better designed warnings.
Quantitative evaluation of induction motor broken bars by means of electrical signature analysis

The paper reports the comparison and performance evaluation of different diagnostic procedures that use input electric signals to detect and quantify rotor breakage in induction machines supplied by the mains. Besides the traditional current signature analysis based on one-phase current spectrum lines at frequencies (1/spl plusmn/2s)f, the procedures based on analysis of the line at frequency 2sf in the spectrum respectively of electromagnetic torque, space vector current modulus and instantaneous power are considered. These last procedures have similar features and the comparison is developed on the basis of instantaneous torque. It is shown that the speed ripple introduces two further terms in the instantaneous torque, decreasing the accuracy of the diagnosis. It is shown that there is a link between the angular displacement of the current sideband components at frequencies (1/spl plusmn/2s)f. This allows a more correct quantitative evaluation of the fault and to show the superiority of the sideband current components diagnostic procedure over the other proposed methods.
The Practicability of Activity – Based Costing System in Hospitality Industry

In this era of intense competition on price and quality, attention is shifting from standardization to customization of products and services. The traditional costing method has become obsolete because various costs especially overheads are incorrectly allocated to products or services. Thus, the objective of this paper is to examine the applicability of ABC in hotel industry in Nigeria using the hotels in Keffi as case study. Questionnaires were administered to Managers and Accountants of the hotels, simple percentages was used in analyzing their responses and it was found that most of the hotels in the study area do not apply ABC system in their costing. It is recommended among others that hotel operators should be educated on the need to have in place an efficient costing system to be in tune with current practices around the globe.
Physiological and molecular sex differences in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise training

Sex differences in exercise physiology, such as substrate metabolism and skeletal muscle fatigability, stem from inherent biological factors, including endogenous hormones and genetics. Studies investigating exercise physiology frequently include only males or do not take sex differences into consideration. Although there is still an underrepresentation of female participants in exercise research, existing studies have identified sex differences in physiological and molecular responses to exercise training. The observed sex differences in exercise physiology are underpinned by the sex chromosome complement, sex hormones and, on a molecular level, the epigenome and transcriptome. Future research in the field should aim to include both sexes, control for menstrual cycle factors, conduct large‐scale and ethnically diverse studies, conduct meta‐analyses to consolidate findings from various studies, leverage unique cohorts (such as post‐menopausal, transgender, and those with sex chromosome abnormalities), as well as integrate tissue and cell‐specific ‐omics data. This knowledge is essential for developing deeper insight into sex‐specific physiological responses to exercise training, thus directing future exercise physiology studies and practical application.
Diguanylate Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Interact To Maintain the Specificity of Cyclic di-GMP Signaling in the Regulation of Antibiotic Synthesis in Lysobacter enzymogenes

Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a universal second messenger in bacteria. The signaling of c-di-GMP is complex and dynamic, and it is mediated by a large number of components, including c-di-GMP synthases (diguanylate cyclases [DGCs]), c-di-GMP-degrading enzymes (phosphodiesterases [PDEs]), and c-di-GMP effectors. ABSTRACT Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a universal second messenger in bacteria. A large number of c-di-GMP-related diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and effectors are responsible for the complexity and dynamics of c-di-GMP signaling. Some of these components employ various methods to avoid undesired cross talk to maintain signaling specificity. The synthesis of the antibiotic HSAF (heat-stable antifungal factor) in Lysobacter enzymogenes is regulated by a specific c-di-GMP signaling pathway that includes a PDE, LchP, and a c-di-GMP effector, Clp (also a transcriptional regulator). In the present study, from among 19 DGCs, we identified a diguanylate cyclase, LchD, that participates in this pathway. Subsequent investigation indicates that LchD and LchP physically interact and that the catalytic center of LchD is required for both the formation of the LchD-LchP complex and HSAF production. All the detected phenotypes support that LchD and LchP display local c-di-GMP signaling to regulate HSAF biosynthesis. Although direct evidence is lacking, our investigation, which shows that the interaction between a DGC and a PDE maintains the specificity of c-di-GMP signaling, suggests the possibility of the existence of local c-di-GMP pools in bacteria. IMPORTANCE Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a universal second messenger in bacteria. The signaling of c-di-GMP is complex and dynamic, and it is mediated by a large number of components, including c-di-GMP synthases (diguanylate cyclases [DGCs]), c-di-GMP-degrading enzymes (phosphodiesterases [PDEs]), and c-di-GMP effectors. These components deploy various methods to avoid undesired cross talk to maintain signaling specificity. In the present study, we identified a DGC that interacted with a PDE to specifically regulate antibiotic biosynthesis in L. enzymogenes. We provide direct evidence to show that the DGC and PDE form a complex and also indirect evidence to argue that they may balance a local c-di-GMP pool to control antibiotic production. These results represent an important finding regarding the mechanism of a DGC and PDE pair to control the expression of specific c-di-GMP signaling pathways.
Magnetic properties and phase diagram of quasi-two-dimensional Na2Co2TeO6 single crystal under high magnetic field

We investigated the magnetic characteristics of Na2Co2TeO6 at different temperatures and magnetic field. The experimental results indicated that the magnetic field can disturb the antiferromagnetic interaction and lead to the disorder. Magnetization curves measured with different angles θ (θ is between the magnetic field direction and c axis) express the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in this system. When the angle θ = 0 (magnetic field parallel to c axis), two continuous magnetic phase transitions at critical temperature T N1 and T N3 were observed. As θ changes, T N1 is almost independent on θ, indicating the magnetic ordering at T N1 was a spontaneous behavior with a robust AFM characteristic. On the other hand, as θ increases from 0 to 180, T N3 presents extreme value at θ = 90 (magnetic field perpendicular to c axis). It indicates that T N3 were sensitive to temperature and magnetic fields. At some angles closing to ab plane, an additional phase transition was observed at T N2. This phase transition at T N2 may mainly result from the long range antiferromagnetic ordering within ab-plane. Furthermore, the magnetization measurement up to 50 T revealed the strong antiferromagnetic coupling in the system, and in which the magnetic coupling within the honeycomb layers is strong and the magnetic coupling interaction between honeycomb layers is weaker. Based on the experimental results, we have obtained the complete magnetic phase diagram.
Fibromyalgia status and depressive symptoms are linked to body mass index and physical performance in mid to late life

ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition that is frequently accompanied by comorbid conditions, including depression. Depression is associated with reduced physical functioning and health, disproportionately affecting middle-aged and older adults with FM. This study examined associations between FM status and depressive symptoms with body mass index (BMI) and several physical performance indicators among middle-aged and older adults. Participants included 239 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults with or without FM. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), BMI was objectively assessed, and physical performance was measured using the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale, 6-minute walk test, 30-second chair stand, and 8-foot up and go test. A path model using structural equation modeling yielded good fit and revealed that, compared to pain-free adult controls, participants with FM reported more depressive symptoms, which were in turn associated with reduced physical performance across all indicators except BMI, after adjusting for age and symptom severity. Findings suggest that individuals with FM demonstrate disproportionately higher depressive symptoms compared to non-FM controls, which may diminish physical performance after accounting for age and symptom severity. This study supports FM status and depressive symptoms as important considerations when evaluating the health and disability risk of aging adults.