Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
25-Year Trends in Stage-Specific Incidence Rates for Bladder Cancer in a Large Statewide Registry

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy with over 80,000 new cases diagnosed annually and over 17,000 associated deaths. OBJECTIVE: We review 25-years of BC incidence (1993-2017) within the state of Pennsylvania to better define incidence, geographic distribution, and trends over time. METHODS: The Pennsylvania Cancer Registry was reviewed for statewide and component county age-adjusted BC incidence rates and stage distribution. Chloropleth maps plotting statewide and county-specific incidence rates across time were created using the GeoDa statistical package. RESULTS: 93,476 cases of BC were recorded in Pennsylvania from 1993 to 2017. Age-adjusted annual rates of BC over the study interval were stable at 24.5 patients per 100,000 (range, 22.7–25.6). However, annual rates of distant disease increased from 0.5 to 1.1 patients per 100,000 (p < 0.001) with an average percent change increase of 6.6% over the study interval. The annual percent distribution of distant disease doubled from 2.3% to 5.1% (p < 0.001) with a greater increase in women compared to men. Chloropleth maps highlighted growing “hot spots” of bladder cancer incidence in the northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern portions of the state. CONCLUSIONS: While BC incidence in the state of Pennsylvania has remained relatively stable over the past 25 years, a concerning increase in distant disease was observed. Geospatial investigation implicates higher risk regions. Further studies are necessary to delineate the underlying etiologies for these observations.
Effects of 1 vs. 2 sessions per week of equal-volume sprint training on explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances in young soccer players

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of 1 vs. 2 sessions per week of equal-volume sprint training on explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances among young soccer players. Thirty-six young male soccer players were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups that performed either a single weekly sprint training session (ST1, n = 18, age: 17.2 ± 0.8 years) or two weekly sprint training sessions (ST2, n = 18; age: 17.1 ± 0.9 years) of equal weekly and total volume, in addition to their regular soccer training regimen. Linear sprinting (10 m, 20 m, 30 m, and flying 10 m), T-test agility, countermovement jump (CMJ) and maximal oxygen consumption were assessed one week before (T1), in the middle (T2) and immediately after the 10 weeks of training (T3). A large magnitude and statistically significant main effect for time was found in all the assessed variables after both training interventions (all p < 0.001; ES ≥ 0.80). No main effect was observed between the 2 groups at any time in linear sprinting, T-test or CMJ test (p > 0.05; ES < 0.20). A significant interaction effect (F = 4.05; p = 0.04, ES = 0.21) was found for maximal oxygen consumption with ST2 inducing better performance than ST1 (p = 0.001; ES = 1.11). Our findings suggested that the two sprint training frequencies were effective in enhancing explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances. However, it is recommended for coaches and fitness coaches to use a biweekly sprint training modality as it was found to be more effective in improving endurance-intensive performance.
On the Structure and Function of Scientific Perspectivism in Categorical Quantum Mechanics

Contemporary scientific perspectivism is primarily viewed as a methodological framework of how we obtain and form scientific knowledge of nature, through a broadly perspectivist process, especially, with reference to quantum mechanics. In the present study, this is implemented by representing categorically the global structure of a quantum algebra of events in terms of structured interconnected families of local Boolean probing frames, realized as suitable perspectives or contexts for measuring physical quantities. The essential philosophical meaning of the proposed approach implies that the quantum world can be consistently approached and comprehended through a multilevel structure of locally variable perspectives, which interlock, in a category-theoretical environment, to form a coherent picture of the whole in a non-trivial way.
Evaluation of mandarin hybrids grafted on 'Rangpur' lime in the Coastal Tablelands, Brazil

Abstract The production of mandarins is incipient in Northeastern Brazil in spite of the large regional market. Few studies have reported the performance of mandarins under the tropical conditions in Brazil, considering that, in general, the quality and yield of these fruits are more expressive in regions of subtropical and Mediterranean climates. In this work, tree size, fruit production and quality of four mandarin hybrids (‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor, ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Page’ and ‘Nova’ tangelo-mandarin) grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock in Umbaúba, State of Sergipe, Brazil, were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and three trees per plot. Planting was carried out in 2008 at tree spacing of 6.0 x 3.0 m in rainfed cultivation system. ‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor was more productive than ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Nova’ and ‘Page’ tangelo-mandarin, under the conditions evaluated in Umbaúba up to the eleventh year after planting. Regarding fruit quality, ‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor and ‘Page’ tangelo-mandarin can be indicated both for fresh consumption and for processing due to their higher total soluble solids, ratio and vitamin C content in relation to ‘Murcott’ tangor.
Extracellular Spike Waveform Dissociates Four Functionally Distinct Cell Classes in Primate Cortex

Understanding the function of different neuronal cell types is key to understanding brain function. However, cell type diversity is typically overlooked in electrophysiological studies in awake behaving animals. Here, we show that four functionally distinct cell classes can be robustly identified from extracellular recordings in several cortical regions of awake behaving monkeys. We recorded extracellular spiking activity from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the frontal eye field (FEF), and the lateral intraparietal area of macaque monkeys during a visuomotor decision-making task. We employed unsupervised clustering of spike waveforms, which robustly dissociated four distinct cell classes across all three brain regions. The four cell classes were functionally distinct. They showed different baseline firing statistics, visual response dynamics, and coding of visual information. While cell class-specific baseline statistics were consistent across brain regions, response dynamics and information coding were regionally specific. Our results identify four waveform-based cell classes in primate cortex. This opens a new window to dissect and study the cell-type specific function of cortical circuits.
Genetic variability and correlation studies of yield and phytic acid in F2 populations of maize (Zea mays L.)

A genetic study in the F2 populations of three crosses viz, UMI1200 x UMI1099, UMI1201 x UMI1099 and UMI1210 x UMI1099 was carried out in Kharif 2017. The genetic parameters studied include genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variances, heritability, genetic advance as percent of mean and correlation coefficient. Performance of the individual genotypes of all the three F2 populations for 17 traits including seed yield and phytic acid revealed the presence of significant difference among genotypes, indicating the presence of genetic variability. Marginal difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) indicated that variability was due to genetic factors for most of the traits studied. Traits that exhibited high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) which can be used for selection were identified. Association studies depicted that plant height, cob placement height, cob length, cob breadth, number of rows per cob, number of kernels per row, cob weight, hundred kernel weight and shelling percentage exhibited positive correlation with yield. Correlation between yield and phytic acid content was found to be non-significant in the current study which revealed that selection can be progressed in both directions independently and its possible to obtain inbreds with low phytic acid content and high yield in the later generations through effective breeding and selection strategies.
Sapphire Fabry–Perot Pressure Sensor at High Temperature

There is a need for pressure sensor technology that can operate for longer times at very high temperatures. We propose a sapphire pressure sensor designed to operate at high temperature. A Fabry–Perot (FP) sensing cavity created by directly bonding two sapphire wafers through reactive-ion etching functions as a single sapphire structure for pressure measurement at high temperatures. Applying white-light interferometry and diaphragm deflection theory, the fabricated device is experimentally tested by measuring the pressure over a range of 0.1 to 2.1 MPa at 25–1000 °C. The FP sensing cavity length depends on the pressure and the temperature simultaneously. The FP sensing cavity length varies linearly with pressure at 25 °C, and the linearity is preserved with different sensitivity at high temperatures. The structure of the sensor body, enveloping the cavity inside, varies via the coefficient of thermal expansion of sapphire like a single sapphire wafer, and the FP sensing cavity is tightly sealed without any air leakage at high temperature.
CARÊNCIA DE MACRONUTRIENTES E DE SORO EM PLANTAS DE AÇAÍ (EUTERPE OLERACEA MART.)

Com intuito de obter as primeiras informações a respeito dos sintomas de deficiência em macronutrientes e boro, foram cultivadas plantas de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) em soluções nutritivas, tendo como substrato silica moída. Foram analisados os dados de produção de matéria seca por partes da planta (folhas novas, folhas mais velhas e raízes). Os sintomas de desnutrição foram descritos. Os elementos analisados interferiram na produção de matéria seca na seguinte ordem decrescente: K> Mg > P> N > Ca > S > B. Os seguintes níveis analíticos das folhas novas, folhas mais velhas e raízes do tratamento completo e dos tratamentos com omissão do nutriente foram respectivamente: N% - 1.95,1.66,1.73 e 1.22, 0.95, 0.79; P% - 0.14, 0.13, 0.11 e 0.06, 0.08, 0.07; K% - 1.06, 1.96, 1.97 e 1.17, 1.07, 1.20; Ca% - 0.69, 0.68, 0.61 e 0.44, 0.54, 0.30; Mg% - 0.26,035,0.31 e 0.20, 0.19, 0.27; S% - 0.30,0.29,0.31 e 0.21, 0.30, 0.26; e B ppm - 66, 51, 44 e 21, 22, 20.
Back to the basics: Study of portable chest radiographic findings in 116 COVID-19 positive patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital

Abstract Context: Paucity of literature of portable CXR findings in COVID-19. Aims: Evaluate radiographic findings in COVID-19 patients and calculate sensitivity of radiographs with RT-PCR as gold standard. Subjects and Methods: Total 116 COVID-19 patients underwent portable CXR between April-June, 2020. Two radiologists reviewed radiographs with respect to laterality, craniocaudal, mediolateral distribution, shape, density, unifocality/multifocality and number of lung zones. Sensitivity of radiography was calculated with RT-PCR as gold standard. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription software (IBM, New York, USA). Results: Many patients 67.2% (78/116) were asymptomatic. Cough (21.5%, 25/116) and fever (17.6%, 20/116) were the most frequent symptoms. 36.2% (42/116) patients revealed COVID-19 pneumonia-like abnormalities on CXR. Sensitivity of CXR with RT-PCR as gold standard was 36.2% (CI: Confidence interval = 27.46% - 44.95%). More patients in symptomatic group (68.4%, 26/38) had abnormal CXR compared to asymptomatic group (20.5%, 16/78) [P < 0.0001]. Radiographs revealed both unilateral (57.1%, 24/42), bilateral (42.8%, 18/42), GGO (80.9%, 34/42), or consolidation (11/42, 26.1%) in a middle (57.1%, 24/42), lower zone (83.3%, 35/42) and peripheral distribution (78.5%, 33/42). Lesions were commonly patchy (88%, 37/42) and multifocal (59.5%, 25/42). Majority had single (40.4%, 17/42) or two zone (35.7%, 15/42) involvement. Conclusions: Significant number of COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic. Over 1/3rd of patients showed radiographic abnormalities. Symptomatic patients were more likely to show radiographic findings than asymptomatic patients. If radiographs identify pneumonia in appropriate clinical setting, CT can be avoided. Common radiographic abnormalities among COVID 19 patients were bilateral/unilateral, patchy, multifocal, ground glass opacity or consolidation in peripheral and middle/lower zone distribution.
Biology and morphometry of mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Cotton

The biology and morphometry studies of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) were studied on cotton genotypes CO 14 and LRA 5166 under laboratory conditions. The duration of first, second and third instar nymphs were 6.20 ± 0.83, 8.40 ± 0.54 and 11.60 ± 0.54 days in CO 14 and 4.40 ± 0.70, 6.00 ± 0.70, 10.40 ± 0.54 days in LRA 5166 with nymphal period 26.20 ± 1.91 and 20.80 ± 1.94 days, respectively. The adult longevity in CO 14 and LRA 5166 was 12.20 ± 0.44 and 9.80 ± 0.83 days, respectively. Average oviposition period was7.40 ± 0.54 and 6.20 ± 0.83 days in CO 14 and LRA 5166, respectively. The average number of eggs per female on cotton genotypes CO 14 and LRA 5166 was 242.60 ± 11.01 and 349.40 ± 22.23 respectively. The total developmental period in CO 14 and LRA 5166 was 38.40 ± 2.35 and 30.60 ± 2.77 days, respectively. The length of first, second, third instar and adult were 11.36 ± 0.51 mm, 12.18 ± 0.65 mm, 13.62 ± 0.79 mm and 15.46 ± 0.52 mm respectively. The width of first, second, third instar and adult were 0.52 ± 0.42 mm, 6.09 ± 0.41 mm, 8.13 ± 0.44 mm and 11.92 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. The antennal length of first, second, third instar and adult were 1.48 ± 0.07 mm, 1.42 ± 0.07 mm, 1.35 ± 0.07 mm and 2.36 ± 0.09 mm, respectively.
Dynamical structure of cortical taste responses revealed by precisely-timed optogenetic perturbation

The purpose of perception is to drive action - during tasting, for instance, every stimulus necessarily drives either swallowing or ejecting (“gapes”). Taste responses in the rodent primary gustatory cortex (GC) span this sensorimotor divide, progressing through a series of firing rate epochs that culminate in the emergence of palatability-related firing. Population analyses reveal palatability-related activity to appear through sudden and coherent ensemble transitions that, despite occuring between 0.5s and 1.5s on individual trials, reliably precede gaping onset by 200-300ms. Here, we tested whether these transitions actually drive gaping, delivering 0.5s perturbations of GC at various points in tasting trials. Perturbations significantly delayed gaping, but only when they arrived before palatability coding. Thus, perturbation had no impact on trials in which the transition had already occurred, but the identical perturbation delayed gaping on trials in which it hadn’t. Our results suggest a distributed attractor network model of taste processing, and a dynamical role for cortex in driving motor behavior.
Using the social ecological model to build a path analysis model of physical activity in a sample of active US college students

Using the social ecological model to build a path analysis model of physical activity in a sample of active US college students Jonathan Stewart, M.S. Objective: To examine how achievement goal orientation, perceived barriers and benefits, selfefficacy, on-campus residence, transportation, and binge drinking impact physical activity. Participants: Five hundred and twenty (70.23% female) college students participated in the study during Fall 2014. Methods: Students completed an online questionnaire that measured environmental and psychosocial factors, and physical activity behaviors. Results: A path analysis revealed that self-efficacy, episodes of binge drinking, use of active transportation, and use of public transportation all had significant direct effects on physical activity. Meanwhile, perceived barriers had a significant negative direct effect on physical activity. Conclusion: Results indicate that both environmental and psychological factors influence engagement in physical activity.
Comparison of Methods of Extraction and Antimicrobial Activity of Six Ocimum Species against Human Pathogens

Extracts from plants continue to be a vital source of medicines, Ocimum, (family Labiatae) is well known for treatment of a wide range of human illnesses. This study evaluates the extraction methods best suited for the determination of the antimicrobial potential of basil. The methanolic extract of O. gratissimum species had the highest yield (1.48±1.48%), while the essential oil of O. tenuiflorum had the lowest (0.19±0.30%). Comparison of methanolic extracts of different accessions, O.tenuiflorum (MSR1), O.basilicum (PI 172996) showed a growth reduction of 74%, for S. pyogenes, 91% for E. coli respectively; while essential oils of O. basilicum (PI 358472) had a growth reduction of 57% for S. pyogenes, 72% for E. coli. The chloroform extracts exhibited little or no inhibitory effects. In conclusion, the methanolic extracts, and essential oils were equally effective against the tested bacteria. Ocimum species may be used as an alternative source in the search for agents to treat bacteria.
Carbon accumulation and vertical accretion in a restored versus historic salt marsh in southern Puget Sound, Washington, United States

Few comparisons exist between vertical accretion (VA) and carbon accumulation rates (CARs) in restored versus historic (i.e. reference) marshes. Here, we compare these processes in a formerly diked, sparsely vegetated, restored salt marsh (Six Gill Slough, SG), whose surface is subsided relative to the tidal frame, to an adjacent, relatively pristine, historic salt marsh (Animal Slough, AS). Six sediment cores were collected at both AS and SG approximately 6 years after restoration. Cores were analyzed for bulk density (BD), % loss of ignition, % organic carbon, and 210Pb. We found that sharp changes in BD in surface layers of SG cores were highly reliable markers for the onset of restoration. The mean VA since restoration at SG (0.79 [SD = 0.29] cm/year) was approximately twice that of AS (0.41 [SD = 0.16] cm/year). In comparison, the VA at AS over 50 years was 0.30 (SD = 0.09) cm/year. VA consisted almost entirely of inorganic sediment at SG whereas at AS it was approximately 55%. Mean CARs at SG were somewhat greater than at AS, but the difference was not significant due to high variability (SG: 81–210 g C m−2 year−1; AS: 115–168 g C m−2 year−1). The mean CAR at AS over the past 50 years was 118 (SD = 23) g C m−2 year−1. This study demonstrates that a sparsely vegetated, restored salt marsh can quickly begin to accumulate carbon and that historic and restored marshes can have similar CARs despite highly divergent formation processes.
Child material deprivation: within region disparities by degree of urbanization

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the impact of degree of urbanization on child material deprivation in Spain. Using the EU-SILC 2009 and 2014 special modules on material deprivation, we find that living in a city or town increases child material deprivation to a larger extent than household material deprivation and income. Differentiating by needs, the provision of children’s basic needs does not respond to household material deprivation, income or degree of urbanization, whereas the provision of educational/leisure needs does. Our findings might be of help in designing more effective policies intended to alleviate the incidence of child material deprivation beyond income-related programmes.
Biological aspects of spotted seerfish Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Scombridae) from north-eastern Arabian Sea

Spotted seerfish Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is one of the highly priced table fishes in India, which contributed 4.7% of all India scombrid fishery with 17,684 t landed in 2014. Its fishery is dominant in the Arabian Sea and northern Arabian Sea contributed 62% to India’s spotted seerfish fishery. Biological information on S. guttatus is scarce and the same was studied during the period 2010-2014 from Maharashtra coast, north-eastern Arabian Sea. A total of 930 specimens (185-550 mm FL) collected from commercial landings were used for the study. Length-weight relation of pooled sexes was estimated as log (W) = -3.1988+2.66074 log (L) (r2 = 0.93). Fishery was dominated by males with the sex ratio of 0.76:1. Relative fecundity ranged from 105-343 eggs g-1 of bodyweight. The length at first maturity (Lm) was estimated to be 410 mm TL for females. Mature and gravid females were dominant in May and August-November. Dietary studies (% IRI) showed dominance of Acetes spp.
Arthrospira (Spirulina) Platensis Can Be Considered as a Probiotic Alternative to Reduce Heat Stress in Laying Japanese Quails

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis, SP) on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, hen day egg production, intestinal microflora, heat stress biomarkers, and HSP70 gene expression in laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) suffering heat stress condition. A total of 250 female quails were allocated to 5 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet+ 0.03 % probiotic, 3) basal diet+ 0.1 % SP, 4) basal diet+ 0.3 % SP, 5) basal diet+ 0.5 % SP. During the last 6 days of the experiment, the quails were exposed to 8h of 34±1°C. The birds had free access to feed and water during the experiment. The results showed that using probiotic and different levels of Spirulina had no significant effect on laying performance of Japanese quails (p>0.05). Probiotic supplement increased Lactobacil bacteria population in laying quails’ ileum under heat stress (p<0.05). Different levels of SP decreased Escherichia coli population in laying quails’ ileum suffering heat stress (p<0.05). SP at the level of 0.5% caused the lowest blood Malondialdehyde level, heterophil, and H/L ratio (p<0.05). However, HSP70 gene expression in the heart or the liver of laying quails was not different (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that SP at the level of 0.5 % has the potential to be considered as a probiotic alternative in the diet of laying quails suffering heat stress condition.
Dietary phytase supplementation during peak egg laying cycle of White Leghorn hens on nutrient utilization and functional gene mRNA expression in duodenum and kidney

ABSTRACT Seventy-five White Leghorn hens during peak egg laying cycle were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1 group with 0.32% NPP (control), 2 groups with 0.24% NPP and laboratory (T1) or commercial (T2) phytase (250 FTU/kg feed), and 2 groups with 0.16% NPP and laboratory produced (T3) or commercial (T4) phytase (500 FTU/kg feed) from 23 to 40 weeks of age. The results indicated T2 group had the lowest (P > 0.05) bone ash, followed by similar ash content in T1, T3 and control groups. Mineral concentration (Ca, P, zinc and manganese) in the bone was not affected (P > 0.05) by variation in dietary phytase and NPP level. In duodenum, NaPiIIb was up-regulated (P < 0.05) in T2 and T3, whereas Calbindin 1 (CALB1) was up-regulated (P < 0.05) only in T3. In kidney, expression of NaPiIIa and CALB1 were down-regulated (P < 0.05) in all groups. The data demonstrated that 250 FTU/kg laboratory phytase supplementation in feed was enough for replacing 50% of inorganic P and 500 FTU/kg commercial phytase capable of replacing 100% of inorganic P. The up-and down-regulation of NaPiIIb, NaPiIIa and CALB1 genes in treatment groups was independent of phytase source and NPP level in feed.