Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influência do glifosato na eficiência nutricional do nitrogênio, manganês, ferro, cobre e zinco em soja resistente ao glifosato

Com o desenvolvimento da soja resistente ao glifosato, Roundup Ready (RR), observa-se um aumento consideravel no uso desse herbicida, com aplicacoes de tres a quatro vezes durante o ciclo da cultura. Dessa forma, essas aplicacoes podem estar influenciando a nutricao mineral da cultura. Objetivou-se realizar este experimento para avaliar a influencia do glifosato na eficiencia nutricional de N, Mn, Cu, Zn e Fe pela soja transgenica cv. 'P98R31 RR'. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao, na ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba (SP), em 2009. A unidade experimental foi constituida por vaso contendo 11kg de substrato (NITOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutroferrico latossolico), com duas plantas por vaso. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em um esquema fatorial 5X5, com cinco niveis do fator Mn (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80mg dm-3) e cinco de glifosato (0; 0,648; 1,296; 1,944 e 2,592kg i.a. ha-1), sendo que o Mn foi fornecido a partir do sulfato de manganes (MnSO4.H2O). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Nao houve influencia na resposta das plantas com relacao ao fator Mn. A aplicacao de glifosato interferiu de forma negativa na eficiencia nutricional da planta e nos teores totais de N, Mn, Cu, Zn e Fe. A utilizacao de glifosato causou reducao ao numero de nodulos e reducao na producao de massa seca.
Interpreting pollen diagrams from wetlands: pollen representation in surface samples from Oil Well Bog, southern Ontario

Pollen and spore analysis of surface sediment samples from 45 points within Oil Well Bog, a coniferous swamp near Cambridge, Ontario, was used to determine the possibility of identifying different wetland vegetation communities from their palynological record, and to assess the effects of variable wetland vegetation on the pollen representation of surrounding upland communities. The data obtained were mapped for individual taxa to allow direct comparison of the spatial patterns of vegetation abundance and the associated palynological assemblages, and cluster analysis was used to identify palynologically similar assemblages. Some wetland communities, such as swamp dominated by black spruce, do have distinctive pollen signatures, but not all the vegetational diversity observed is reflected in the palynological data, with similar pollen assemblages deriving from some communities which are vegetationally very different (e.g., shrub swamps dominated by Chamaedaphne calyculata and Ilex verticillata). The wetlan.
Effects of AminoethoxyVinylGlycine (AVG) Spraying Time at Preharvest Stage to Ethylene Biosynthesis of Cavendish Banana (Musa AAA)

This research aimed to identify the possible effects of the moment of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) application during near harvest period on ethylene biosynthesis and find out the most appropriate possible way to control the process for maximum prolonging the postharvest shelf - life of bananas. Results indicated that the most appropriate moment of AVG application is from the 74th to 78th days after formation of the last hand of a bunch has been finished as AVG showed some inhibition effects on ACC, ACC oxydase and ethylene synthesis. ACC, ACC oxydase and ethylene production of the fruits sprayed with AVG of 0.8 g/l on the 78th day, harvested and stored at 13±1oC for four weeks were 1.09 (nmol C2H4.g-1), 0.44 (nmol C2H4.g-1.h-1) and 0.11 (? l C2H4.kg-1.h-1) respectively while the ACC, ACC oxydase and ethylene production of non - treated fruits stored in the same conditions were 6.89 (nmol C2H4.g-1), 2.18 (nmol C2H4.g-1.h-1) and 1.48 (? l C2H4.kg-1.h-1) respectively.
Effects of Cyclone 'Joy' on nearshore coral communities of the Great Barrier Reef

The rain associated with tropical Cyclone 'Joy', in late 1990 and early 1991, led to the third largest recorded flood in central Queensland, Australia. This study examined the effects of floodwaters on nearshore coral communities, in 3 regions of the Great Barrier Reef. The Keppel Island reefs (23" 10' S) were affected by extreme floodwaters which damaged corals to an average depth of 1.3 m below low water datum. Mortality was highest for shallow Acropora spp. and pocilloporids; faviids were most tolerant. The most widespread effect on deeper colonies of Acropora spp. was gross swelling and lysis of the epidermal cells and loss of zooxanthellae from the gastrodermis (bleaching). Shallow waters around Middle Reef (19" 09' S) experienced moderate floodwaters and significant mortality occurred to colon~es of Acropora spp. ; other corals were not damaged. The Whitsunday lsland reefs (20' 20' S) were subjected to minor floodwaters and shallow corals suffered little damage, however deep-water pocilloporids died, possibly because of low incident light during the tropical depression.
Evaluation of cereal cultivar impact on bread quality

Technological behavior of flours is the result of complex interactions which should be analyzed through specific quality parameters: protein content, wet gluten, Zeleny index, Falling Number, extensibility and resistance. Many times, reality shows us that the established values for classical quality parameters of flours, didn't assure an optimal technological behavior. The wheat quality is genetically influenced by soil, climate, technological parameters, pest and disease attack. The aim of this paper was to establish which are the influences of cereal’s cultivar on technological behavior of flours and, also, on bread quality. In order to obtain some available data it was used two wheat types from two different habitats of Romania (South West Oltenia County and North East -Moldavia County). It was established that the wheat result from North East had better qualitative parameters and the obtained bread were the most qualitative.
Forestry herbicides in the United States: an overview

Abstract Herbicides are used in forestry to manage tree-species composition, reduce competition from shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, manipulate wildlife habitat, and control invasive exotics. There are no national statistics on extent of forestry herbicide use. A survey of 13 forest products companies found that 51 distinct applications of 1–3 herbicides were used and that 11 applications (with 6 active ingredients) accounted for 90% of the area reported treated. Reported rates were always lower than maximum labeled rate, and average rates ranged from 10–42% of the labeled maxima. Herbicides were used on 74,464 hectares in the National Forest System (including rangeland) in 2001. Another survey of forestry herbicide use by all ownerships in the southern United States in 2002 reported 985,237 hectares treated. Public concerns over use of herbicides in forests include toxicity to humans, pets, livestock, and wildlife and effects of herbicides on wildlife habitat. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) provides a comprehensive system of toxicity testing and regulates sale and use of herbicides. However, there are concerns about FIFRA testing: use of a small number of sentinel species, testing only active herbicide ingredients, and not testing the mixtures of ≥2 herbicides commonly used in forestry. Recent litigation suggests that aerial application of pesticides (including herbicides) is a point-source discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States and thus requires a Clean Water Act (CWA) permit. These lawsuits have created confusion about how 2 federal statutes (FIFRA and CWA) relate with regard to pesticides, and new policy clarification is being developed. Other litigation has initiated a process to improve consultation among federal agencies regarding potential for pesticides to affect threatened and endangered species. In summary, herbicides are vital for commercial timber management and have applications for managing wild-life habitat. Federal regulations and water-quality monitoring indicate that use of herbicides in forestry constitutes low risk to humans and wildlife.
Saudi Gender Emotional Expressions in Using Instagram

There are plentiful studies exploring gender emotional differences. Gender and emotion stereotypes make people believe that there are certain emotions associated with each gender and this is supported by many studies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the emotional expressions of Saudi men and women in Instagram, a social networking service. This paper aims to explore the Saudi differences of emotional expressions. Also, if gender emotion stereotypes apply on these expressions or not. Data is collected through corpus analysis of Arabic comments for a certain post on Instagram. The results of this study demonstrate that there are differences in Saudis' expressions of emotions in which each gender uses different expressions. Additionally, gender stereotypes of emotions are applied to their emotional expressions that is men express negative emotions more while women express positive emotions. Another result is that women are found to be more emotional than men. Overall, the findings contribute to increase understanding of online emotional expressions of both Saudi genders.
Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Sensors using IPMC

The aim of the present study is to develop a simulation method of the mechanical sensors using IPMC (ionic polymermetal composite). The generated electric potential of the sensor is very much smaller than the electric potential of the actuator with the same displacement and structure. In order to explain the non-invertible black box, numerical simulation is attempted. The complicated behaviors of the sensors are coupled as a set of basic equations with multi-fields such as solid stress, fluid pressure, ion concentration and electric potential. The reaction force and electric potential of the sensors have relaxation, so the transient behavior is modeled with an instantaneous undrained condition. As the IPMC hydrated, its volume is significantly changed, and its mechanical response is varied with the hydration level. The volume change due to hydration is modeled as eigen-strain, and the variation of physical parameters is considered with water uptake. Using the proposed method, the transient behaviors of a mechanical sensor using Flemion are numerically simulated with different deflection input, and the numerical results are compared with experimental results.
Pyruvic acid production from 1,2-propanediol by thiamin-requiring Acinetobacter sp. 80-M.

For the purpose of producing pyruvic acid from 1,2-propanediol (PD), three PD-utilizing and thiamin-requiring microorganisms were isolated from soil. All the isolated strains were found to be pyruvic acid producers. Among them, strain 80-M was the best producer and was identified as an Acinetobacter sp. With this bacterium, the conditions were optimized for pyruvic acid production from PD by two methods: growing cell and resting cell methods. The amount of thiamin added to the medium remarkably affected the pyruvic acid production using either method. Under optimal conditions, 14.6 and 10.0 mg/ml of pyruvate as a sodium salt were produced from 20 mg/ml of PD by the growing and resting cell methods, respectively. In the resting cell system, only PD-grown cells showed a significant pyruvate productivity from PD.
Getting at Leadership Versatility: The Case of the Forceful and Enabling Polarity

Contemporary thinking about executive leadership suggests that versatility is key to effectiveness. This paper describes the development of an innovative measure and an empirical evaluation of a theory of versatility in terms of forceful and enabling leadership styles. Persuasive evidence for the construct validity of the theory and measure is presented. Forceful and enabling leadership were inversely related and few executives showed clear evidence of versatility in their use of forceful and enabling leadership. Further, versatility on the forceful and enabling polarity predicted between 16 to 35% of the variance in coworker ratings of effectiveness. Implications for leadership theory and leadership development are discussed.
Early development and allometric growth patterns in Siberian sturgeon and their ecological significance

Early development of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri was divided into two different phases, the prelarval stage between hatching (10·4–11·1 mm LT) and first feeding (19·6–21·0 mm LT), and the larval stage between the initiation of external feeding and metamorphosis (28·6–32·4 mm LT). Morphogenesis and differentiation were more intense during the prelarval than larval and early juvenile stages; the prelarval period was characterized by the replacement of embryonic adaptations and functions by definitive ones, such as branchial respiration, exogenous feeding, and active swimming. The positive allometry of the head for feeding, sensorial and respiratory functions (inflexion point at 20·0 mm LT), and the tail for reducing costs of transport, routine swimming and escape reactions from predators (inflexion point at 20·2 mm LT) confirmed the hypothesis that growth patterns of early life stages closely match specific needs.
Effects of trail gradient on leaf tissue transport and load size selection in leaf-cutter ants

Leaf-cutter ants in the genus Atta are frequent model organisms in studies of central-place foraging. Workers carry leaf fragments from the foraging site to the nest. Larger workers carry heavier loads, but it has been noted repeatedly that workers typically carry fragments lower in mass than appropriate to maximize leaf tissue transport. Here, we suggest and test a previously unconsidered explanation for this discrepancy. Previous calculations of rate-maximizing load sizes have been based on data from smooth, horizontal trails. However, foraging ants will in reality experience a variety of trail gradients, with implications for locomotion speeds of laden ants and consequently for rate-maximizing loads. In the field, we manipulated trail gradient for 389 laden Atta cephalotes workers and found that gradient had marked effects on leaf tissue transport rates, which were highest on downhill and horizontal gradients and considerably lower when ants carried loads uphill. In a captive colony where the whole length of the foraging trail was manipulated, ants apparently adjusted their loading ratios in response to gradient, carrying smaller loads relative to their mass on uphill gradients. Significantly higher loading ratios were recorded for ants carrying loads vertically downhill, perhaps because ants use gravity to reduce the energetic costs of carrying heavy loads. Our results suggest that optimal loads will differ markedly under differing trail conditions and that leaf-cutter ants show previously unsuspected plasticity in load size selection, allowing them to maintain foraging efficiency under a range of trail conditions. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
First Attempt at and Early Results on the Biological Control of Pistia stratiotes L. in South Africa

Although Pistia stratiotes L. (water lettuce) is not an important weed in the Republic of South Africa, the host-specific weevil Neohydronomus pulchellus Hustache was imported for the biological control of this weed. The weevil was released onto a dense infestation of P. stratiotes of several years standing on a pan in the Pafuri area in December 1985. By September 1986 the weevils had already destroyed most of the weed and in October 1986 the weed was under biological control at this site.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis reveals extensive natural chimerism in a marine protochordate

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to individual modules (zooids) of a colonial ascidian to investigate the presence and extent of chimerism, the parabiotic association of different genetic entities. The technique proved to be rapid and efficient for distinguishing different genotypes present in a colony, and revealed genetic mosaicism in wild material, as well as in laboratory cultures following planned fusion. Approximately one‐third of colonies in the natural population studied possessed multiple genotypes, presumably as the result of fusion of different colonies. Furthermore, individual zooids of different genetic origin often intermingled after colony fusion, spreading each genotype throughout a larger total area.
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 Regulates Signaling in Response to Interleukin-2 and Other γc-dependent Cytokines in Peripheral T Cells*

Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) is an essential regulator of cytokine signaling. SOCS-1-/- mice die before weaning with a complex disease characterized by fatty degeneration and necrosis of the liver. This disease is mediated by interferon (IFN) γ as neonatal mortality fails to occur in SOCS-1-/-IFNγ-/- mice. However, the immune system of healthy SOCS-1-/-IFNγ-/- mice is dysregulated with a reduced ratio of CD4:CD8 T cells and increases in some aspects of T cell activation. SOCS-1-/-IFNγ-/- mice also die before their wild type and IFNγ-/- counterparts with a range of inflammatory conditions including pneumonia, gut infiltration, and skin ulceration, suggesting that SOCS-1 controls not only IFNγ signaling, but also other immunoregulatory factors. This study shows that T cells from SOCS-1-deficient mice display hypersensitivity to cytokines that act through the γc receptor. SOCS-1 expression is induced by interleukin (IL) 2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15, and SOCS-1-deficient T cells show increased proliferation and prolonged survival in response to IL-2 and IL-4. Furthermore, IL-2 induced increased STAT5 phosphorylation and CD44 expression in SOCS-1-deficient T cells compared with controls. Hypersensitivity to γc-dependent cytokines may contribute to abnormal T cell function, as well as the pathology observed in mice lacking SOCS-1.
Interaction of Staphylococcus hyicus with Inhibitor-producing Bacteria on the Skin of Gnotobiotic Piglets

The colonisation of the skin and the development of exudative epidermitis differed between gnotobiotic piglets which were infected with Staphylococcus hyicus alone and those colonised by bacteria producing substances inhibiting the growth of S. hyicus in vitro and afterwards infected with S. hyicus . Exudative epidermitis occurred in all piglets inoculated with only S. hyicus , the severity of lesions correlating with the population of S. hyicus on the skin. Inhibitorproducing strains of S. epidermidis , S. warneri and Aerococcus viridans were unable to reduce S. hyicus colonisation sufficiently to prevent disease. Nevertheless, in piglets first colonised by an inhibitory S. epiderrnidis strain, together with non-inhibitory isolates of S. horninis and S. warneri resulted in markedly reduced colonisation by S. hyicus and much milder disease than in the piglets with pure infections of S. hyicus . Keywords: Staphylococcus hyicus ; Staphylococci; Exudative epidermitis; gnotobiotic piglets; Bacterial interference; Inhibitor.
Re-establishment of the lady's slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus L.) in Britain

Abstract The Sainsbury Orchid Conservation Project (SOCP), based in the Micropropagation Unit of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has worked for many years with English Nature, and the Species Recovery Programme in particular, in raising plants of the lady's slipper orchid for re-establishment. This is a collaborative venture with the involvement of a large number of organizations and individuals at national and local level. Cypripedium calceolus is one of Britain's rarest plants. Thought at one time to be extinct, its decline is due to overcollection by botanists for herbarium specimens and by gardeners and it is found now on a single, fragile, natural site. It has been wardened since 1970s because of concerns about long-term safety and is protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Natural pollination has not been observed and hand pollination is carried out to ensure seed set. Some seed is scattered on site resulting in a few seedlings and the remaining capsules are sent to the Sainsbury Orchid Conservation Project. In addition, some plants of native origin are held in cultivation and molecular techniques are being carried out at Kew to ascertain how these are related. The best pollination strategy to increase genetic diversity is co-ordinated by English Nature and SOCP, as is the optimum collection time post-pollination to achieve maximum germination. Seedlings are propagated in the laboratory using immature green capsules sown on a range of nutrient media. No symbiotic fungus has yet been found for this species. Germination occurs after 6 weeks in the dark and the plants chilled when roots are well developed and shoots beginning to form. Plants potted up at Kew and near the native site have produced leaves and buds and extensive planting trials have now commenced. The main objective is to increase the number of localities where Cypripedium occurs through re-establishment. As its decline is due to overcollection rather than habitat loss, many old sites have changed very little. Observation of continental populations is important in assessing suitability of potential sites as the extant clone may not be in optimum conditions. An initial planting trial on the wild site in winter 1989/90 resulted in a 75% survival rate of seedlings planted out. However, establishing seedlings is a long process and careful monitoring is required.
Emergência de plântulas de Astrocaryum aculeatum G. May. em função da temperatura e do período de embebição das sementes

This study evaluated the seedling emergence of Astrocaryum aculetum seeds soaked in water for different periods at different temperatures. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in factorial 4 (temperatures of soaking in water: 25oC, 30oC, 35oC e 40oC) X 3 (period of soaking: 2, 4 and 6 days), additional treatment (control, without soaking), with four replications. Before (control) and after the soaking periods in different temperatures, the seeds were planted in nursery. The emergence and its velocity differed only in the comparison of the control with the applied treatments, with favorable results of all soak treatments, independent of temperature and duration. The mean time of emergence presented a significant interaction effect, with the four day 40oC soaking temperature period, presenting a lower mean time (163 days). The initial emergence time was lower in 35oC temperature (80 days), while the final time didn't show differences among means. Seeds soaked for two days had 50% dead seeds, while seeds soaked for four days had just 38%. Seedling emergence was favored by soaking, independent of temperature and duration.
Life After Death: Site Pre‐Emption by the Remains of Poa Annua

The spatial pattern of plants in one generation may alter the competitive interactions between plants in two ways: (1) it may affect the survival or fecundity of competing individuals in that generation, or (2) it may influence the success of seedlings in the following generation. I performed field experiments, spanning two generations, that allowed me to measure how the spatial pattern of the grass Poa annua influences the performance of two species of dicotyledonous annual weeds (Capsella bursa—pastoris and Senecio vulgaris). Randomly distributed weeds were introduced into plots with either a random or a patchy distribution of Poa. I found that seedling numbers in the following generation were four to six times as high for Capsella and Senecio when Poa was patchily rather than randomly distributed. This was not due to differences in the fecundity and survival of first—generation Capsella and Senecio between the two Poa distributions. Instead, the improved success of the subsequent generation in the patchy distributions was due to increased emergence or survival of seedlings in areas with a low density of dead Poa adults. In a second experiment to investigate why seedling survival increased in the absence of dead Poa, I found that interference by dead grass blades was responsible for high seedling mortality.