Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facebook-Based Social Marketing to Reduce Smoking in Australia’s First Nations Communities: An Analysis of Reach, Shares, and Likes

Background Facebook is widely used by Australia’s First Nations people and has significant potential to promote health. However, evidence-based guidelines for its use in health promotion are lacking. Smoking prevalence among Australia’s First Nations people is nearly 3 times higher than other Australians. Locally designed programs in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHOs) to reduce smoking often use Facebook. Objective This study reports on an analysis of the reach and engagement of Facebook posts with smoking prevention and cessation messages posted by ACCHOs in the Northern Territory, Australia. Methods Each service posted tobacco control content at least weekly for approximately 6 months. Posts were coded for the following variables: service posted, tailored First Nations Australian content, local or nonlocally produced content, video or nonvideo, communication technique, and emotional appeal. The overall reach, shares, and reactions were calculated. Results Compared with posts developed by the health services, posts with content created by other sources had greater reach (adjusted incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.03-3.59). Similarly, reactions to posts (IRR 1.89, 95% CI 1.40-2.56) and shared posts (IRR 2.17, 95% CI 1.31-3.61) with content created by other sources also had more reactions, after controlling for reach, as did posts with local First Nations content compared with posts with no First Nations content (IRR 1.71, 95% CI 1.21-2.34). Conclusions Facebook posts with nonlocally produced content can be an important component of a social media campaign run by local health organizations. With the exception of nonlocally produced content, we did not find a definitive set of characteristics that were clearly associated with reach, shares, and reactions. Beyond reach, shares, and likes, further research is needed to understand the extent that social media content can influence health behavior.
Traitement tertiaere d'un effluent domestique secondaire par culture intensive de la cyanobactérie Phormidium bohneri

Abstract Phormidium bohneri, a self‐flocculating cyanobacterium, was grown outdoors in a 75 1 intensive culture basin (semi‐continuous system) and used for the tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater. The behavior, growth and purification potential of P. bohneri were studied. The nutrient removal efficiency (max.: Ni = 83%, 12.5 mgN 1‐1 d‐1; Pi =81%, 1.3 mg P l‐1 d‐1) of this process allows a quite rapid treatment of the secondary effluent (hydraulic retention time=1d). Stripping account for about 62% of nitrogen (NH3) removal while 38% is assimilated by P. bohneri. Inorganic phosphorus is removed mainly by precipitation (57%) and to a lesser extent is taken‐up by Phormidium (43%). The cyanobacterial biomass (P: 1.1%, N: 8.6%, protein: 53.5%, dry weight basis) can be easily harvested after the treatment by settling.
Co-occurring Threats to Agency Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland

Driven largely by the unequal distribution of power, female sex workers (FSW) globally bear a disproportionately high burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and interpersonal violence. Prior literature has identified a number of multi-level factors that may serve to constrain FSWs’ agency, or their ability to define and take action to realize goals. Among these are work-based violence and substance use, which are potentiated by the criminalization of sex work and structural vulnerability. Quantitative research related to U.S.-based FSWs’ own sense of agency, as well as the barriers that may impede it, is sparse. We sought to identify patterns of various threats to agency and explore to what extent they were associated with perceived agency among a cohort of 381 FSW in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, using latent class analysis. Latent class indictors were past-six-month experience of client-perpetrated sexual violence, client-perpetrated physical violence, homelessness, food insecurity, arrest, daily crack-cocaine use, and daily heroin use. Perceived agency was measured using the short form of the Pearlin Mastery Scale. We identified three typologies of threatened agency among women in our sample: a “threatened by structural factors, drug use, and violence” class, a “threatened by structural factors and drug use” class, and a “less threatened” class. Mean perceived agency score was significantly lower for the class characterized by client-perpetrated violence than for either of the other classes. This suggests violence, in the context of deeper, structural power imbalances embedded in hunger, homelessness, and drug use, may dramatically reduce one’s sense of agency and operate as a critical barrier to empowerment. Our study adds important insights to the broader FSW community empowerment literature and supports the need for interventions to bolster both individual and collective agency among U.S.-based FSW, including interventions to prevent sex work-related violence.
From biomass to high performance solar–thermal and electric–thermal energy conversion and storage materials

We demonstrate that lightweight, highly electrically conductive, and three-dimensional (3D) carbon aerogels (CAs) can be produced via a hydrothermal carbonization and post pyrolysis process using various melons as raw materials. This two-step process is a totally green synthetic method with cheap and ubiquitous biomass as the only raw material. These black-colored, highly electrically conductive and 3D structured CAs are ideal materials for energy conversion and storage. Paraffin wax was impregnated into the CA scaffold by vacuum infusion. The obtained CA–wax composites show excellent form-stable phase change behavior, with a high melting enthalpy of 115.2 J g−1. The CA–wax composites exhibit very high solar radiation absorption over the whole UV-vis-NIR range, and 96% of light can be absorbed by the phase-change composite and stored as thermal energy. With an electrical conductivity of 3.4 S m−1, the CA–wax composite can be triggered by low electric potential to perform energy storage and release, with an estimated electric–heat conversion efficiency of 71.4%. Furthermore, the CA–wax composites have excellent thermal stability with stable melting–freezing enthalpy and excellent reversibility. With a combination of low-cost biomass as the raw materials, a green preparation process, low density, and excellent electrical conductivity, the 3D CAs are believed to have promising potential applications in many energy-related devices.
Severe acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients is associated with in-hospital mortality

Although the lungs are major targets for COVID-19 invasion, other organs—such as the kidneys—are also affected. However, the renal complications of COVID-19 are not yet well explored. This study aimed to identify the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with COVID-19 and to evaluate its impact on patient outcomes. This retrospective study included 704 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized at two hospitals in Daegu, Korea from February 19 to March 31, 2020. AKI was defined according to the serum creatinine criteria in the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. The final date of follow-up was May 1, 2020. Of the 704 patients, 28 (4.0%) developed AKI. Of the 28 patients with AKI, 15 (53.6%) were found to have AKI stage 1, 3 (10.7%) had AKI stage 2, and 10 (35.7%) had AKI stage 3. Among these patients, 12 (42.9%) recovered from AKI. In the patients with AKI, the rates of admission to intensive care unit (ICU), administration of mechanical ventilator (MV), and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher than in patients without AKI. Multivariable analysis revealed that old age (Hazard ratio [HR] = 4.668, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.250–17.430, p = 0.022), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR = 1.167, 95% CI = 1.078–1.264, p < 0.001), elevated creatinine kinase (HR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.001–1.004, p = 0.007), and severe AKI (HR = 12.199, 95% CI = 4.235–35.141, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the cumulative survival rate was lowest in the AKI stage 3 group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the incidence of AKI in patients with COVID-19 was 4.0%. Severe AKI was associated with in-hospital death.
Accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of post-concussion symptoms due to mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of twice-daily, low frequency (LF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the reduction of chronic post-concussion symptoms (PCS) in patients who have suffered a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: 15 patients with mTBI received 30 sessions of twice-daily LF rTMS (1 Hz) over the right DLPFC. Post-concussion symptoms, pain, disability, fatigue, apathy, agitation, and mood were assessed by a psychiatrist pre- and post-treatment. Cognitive testing was also performed pre-, mid-, and post-rTMS. Results: All participants completed treatment with no serious adverse events. Significant improvements were observed in overall post-concussion symptoms, disability and pain ratings, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. There was no significant change in overall executive functioning, fatigue severity, apathy, or agitation. Cognitive testing revealed improvements in verbal fluency, working memory, selective attention, and cognitive processing speed. Conclusions: This small-sample pilot study suggests that twice-daily, LF rTMS over the right DLPFC can be safely and tolerably applied and has the potential to improve post-concussion symptoms as well as elements of mood and cognition in patients with mTBI. Larger, sham-controlled studies will be important to confirm these observations.
No mark is an island: Precision and category repulsion biases in data reproductions

Data visualization is powerful in large part because it facilitates visual extraction of values. Yet, existing measures of perceptual precision for data channels (e.g., position, length, orientation, etc.) are based largely on verbal reports of ratio judgments between two values (e.g., [7]). Verbal report conflates multiple sources of error beyond actual visual precision, introducing a ratio computation between these values and a requirement to translate that ratio to a verbal number. Here we observe raw measures of precision by eliminating both ratio computations and verbal reports; we simply ask participants to reproduce marks (a single bar or dot) to match a previously seen one. We manipulated whether the mark was initially presented (and later drawn) alone, paired with a reference (e.g. a second ‘100%’ bar also present at test, or a y-axis for the dot), or integrated with the reference (merging that reference bar into a stacked bar graph, or placing the dot directly on the axis). Reproductions of smaller values were overestimated, and larger values were underestimated, suggesting systematic memory biases. Average reproduction error was around 10% of the actual value, regardless of whether the reproduction was done on a common baseline with the original. In the reference and (especially) the integrated conditions, responses were repulsed from an implicit midpoint of the reference mark, such that values above 50% were overestimated, and values below 50% were underestimated. This reproduction paradigm may serve within a new suite of more fundamental measures of the precision of graphical perception.
Evaluation of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Advance Care Planning Among Older Adults

Key Points Question Do rates of advance care planning vary by neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES)? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 13 104 older adults in the San Francisco Bay Area, those living in neighborhoods with lower nSES had lower odds of advanced care planning compared with those in neighborhoods with high nSES, with those in the lowest quintile having 29% lower odds. Mapping geocoded data allowed identification of 5 San Francisco neighborhoods with both low nSES and advance care planning. Meaning These findings may help to inform the development of multilevel interventions, including targeted, community-based program delivery to areas with the highest need and greatest disadvantage.
Transport Properties of Multicomponent Gas Mixtures

Equations are derived for the viscosity, ordinary (pressure) diffusion, and thermal diffusion of multicomponent mixtures of gases. The ordinary diffusion velocities are expressed in terms of the usual diffusion coefficients for binary mixtures. The analysis is an extension of the work of Chapman and Cowling. It is shown that the Chapman‐Cowling and Enskog procedure can be justified on the basis of a variational principle. This variational principle should be generally applicable to a large class of problems.
Education Priorities and What Matters to Those Considering Living Kidney Donation

Introduction: Although informed consent content elements are prescribed in detailed regulatory guidance, many live kidney donors describe feeling underprepared and under informed. The goal of this pilot study was to explore the educational components needed to support an informed decision-making process for living kidney donors. Methods/Approach: A qualitative description design was conducted with thematic analysis of 5 focus groups with 2 cohorts: living kidney donor candidates (n = 11) and living kidney donors (n = 8). Findings: The educational components needed to engage in an informed decision-making process were: 1) contingent upon, and motivated by, personal circumstances; 2) supported through explanation of risks and benefits; 3) enhanced by understanding the overall donation experience; and 4) personalized by talking to another donor. Discussion: Tailoring education to meet the needs for fully informed decision-making is essential. Current education requirements, as defined by regulatory bodies, remain challenging to transplant teams attempting to ensure fully informed consent of living kidney donor candidates. Information on the emotional, financial, and overall life impact is needed, along with acknowledgement of relational ties driving donor motivations and the hoped-for recipient outcomes. Discussion of care practices, and access to peer mentoring may further strengthen the informed decision-making process.
Cellular mechanisms underlying neurological/neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID‐19

Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection manifest mainly respiratory symptoms. However, clinical observations frequently identified neurological symptoms and neuropsychiatric disorders related to COVID‐19 (Neuro‐SARS2). Accumulated robust evidence indicates that Neuro‐SARS2 may play an important role in aggravating the disease severity and mortality. Understanding the neuropathogenesis and cellular mechanisms underlying Neuro‐SARS2 is crucial for both basic research and clinical practice to establish effective strategies for early detection/diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In this review, we comprehensively examine current evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in various neural cells including neurons, microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, pericytes/endothelial cells, ependymocytes/choroid epithelial cells, and neural stem/progenitor cells. Although significant progress has been made in studying Neuro‐SARS2, much remains to be learned about the neuroinvasive routes (transneuronal and hematogenous) of the virus and the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying the development/progression of this disease. Future and ongoing studies require the establishment of more clinically relevant and suitable neural cell models using human induced pluripotent stem cells, brain organoids, and postmortem specimens.
hCINAP serves a critical role in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via modulating lactate production and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis signaling

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of heart failure and is associated with insufficient myocardial oxygen supply. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis are not completely understood. In the present study, the role of human coilin interacting nuclear ATPase protein (hCINAP) in cardiomyocytes was investigated. AC16 cells were divided into the following four groups: i) Small interfering (si)RNA-control (Ctrl); (ii) siRNA-hCINAP; (iii) empty vector; and (iv) hCINAP-Flag. Protein expression was assessed using western blotting. MTT and apoptosis assays were conducted to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. CCK8 assays and apoptosis assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. hCINAP promoter activity was examined by luciferase reporter assay. hCINAP expression was induced in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent manner under hypoxic conditions. Compared with the siRNA-Ctrl group, hCINAP knockdown inhibited apoptosis, whereas compared with the vector group, hCINAP overexpression increased apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistically, compared with the siRNA-Ctrl group, hCINAP knockdown decreased hypoxia-induced lactate accumulation via regulating lactate dehydrogenase A activity. Moreover, the results indicated that hCINAP was associated with mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis via Caspase signaling. Collectively, the present study suggested that hCINAP was an important regulator in hypoxia-induced apoptosis and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for AMI.
Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Patients with Diabetes and Coexisting Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Background Previous studies have suggested that depression in patients with diabetes is associated with worse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with diabetes with comorbid depression. Methods We examined the general health check-up data and claim database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of 2,668,615 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had examinations between 2009 and 2012. As NHIS database has been established since 2002, those who had been diagnosed with depression or CVD since 2002 were excluded. The 2,228,443 participants were classified into three groups according to the claim history of depression; normal group (n=2,166,979), transient depression group (one episode of depression, n=42,124) and persistent depression group (at least two episodes of depression, n=19,340). The development of CVD and mortality were analyzed from 2009 to 2017. Results Those with depression showed a significantly increased risk for stroke (transient depression group: hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.26) (persistent depression group: HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.46 to 1.63). Those with depression had an increased risk for myocardial infarction (transient depression group: HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.31) (persistent depression group: HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.49). The persistent depression group had an increased risk for all-cause mortality (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.60 to 1.72). Conclusion Coexisting depression in patients with diabetes has a deleterious effect on the development of CVD and mortality. We suggest that more attention should be given to patients with diabetes who present with depressive symptoms.
Effects of inhibiting PDK-1 expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on osteoblast differentiation in vitro

Osteoblasts are the main functional cells in bone formation, which are responsible for the synthesis, secretion and mineralization of bone matrix. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is strongly associated with the differentiation and survival of osteoblasts. The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1) protein is considered the master upstream lipid kinase of the PI3K/AKT cascade. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PDK-1 in the process of mouse osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In the BX-912 group, BX-912, a specific inhibitor of PDK-1, was added to osteoblast induction medium (OBM) to treat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), whereas the control group was treated with OBM alone. Homozygote PDK1flox/flox mice were designed and generated, and were used to obtain BMSCsPDK1flox/flox. Subsequently, an adenovirus containing Cre recombinase enzyme (pHBAd-cre-EGFP) was used to disrupt the PDK-1 gene in BMSCsPDK1flox/flox; this served as the pHBAd-cre-EGFP group and the efficiency of the disruption was verified. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-PDK1 and p-AKT were gradually increased during the osteoblast differentiation process. Notably, BX-912 treatment and disruption of the PDK-1 gene with pHBAd-cre-EGFP effectively reduced the number of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells and the optical density value of ALP activity, as well as the formation of cell mineralization. The mRNA expression levels of PDK-1 in the pHBAd-cre-EGFP group were significantly downregulated compared with those in the empty vector virus group on days 3–7. The mRNA expression levels of the osteoblast-related genes RUNX2, osteocalcin and collagen I were significantly decreased in the BX-912 and pHBAd-cre-EGFP groups on days 7 and 21 compared with those in the control and empty vector virus groups. Overall, the results indicated that BX-912 and disruption of the PDK-1 gene in vitro significantly inhibited the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. These experimental results provided an experimental and theoretical basis for the role of PDK-1 in osteoblasts.
Adaptive Immune Responses in Human Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the deposition and accumulation of low-density lipoproteins in the artery wall. In this review, we will discuss the role of T- and B-cells in human plaques at different stages of atherosclerosis and the utility of profiling circulating immune cells to monitor atherosclerosis progression. Evidence supports a proatherogenic role for intraplaque T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, CD4+CD28null T-cells, and natural killer T-cells, whereas Th2 cells and regulatory T-cells (Treg) have an atheroprotective role. Several studies indicate that intraplaque T-cells are activated upon recognition of endogenous antigens including heat shock protein 60 and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, but antigens derived from pathogens can also trigger T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Future studies are needed to assess whether circulating cellular biomarkers can improve identification of vulnerable lesions so that effective intervention can be implemented before clinical manifestations are apparent.