Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Science Process Skills (SPS) of 11th Grade Science Students

This research is motivated by students who do not understand chemistry lessons, especially in explaining formulas and calculations. Even though the learning methods and models used by teachers are different so that students have a "mindset" that learning chemistry is a difficult subject to understand. Another problem experienced by the teacher during learning, only the teacher is actively involved during learning while students are more dominant in listening to the teacher's explanation. The purpose of this study was to analyze and find out the Science Process Skills (SPS) of 11th grade science students at SMAN 1 Pulau Punjung. This research method is qualitative (descriptive). The subject of this research was the class of Stage F.2 which consisted of 27 students. Data collection techniques in this study were observation techniques, interview questionnaires, SPS documentation and questionnaires. The data obtained relates to the science process skills of students. Furthermore, researchers used data analysis techniques, namely the theory of Miles and Huberman which included data reduction, data presentation, and data verification and drawing conclusions, then the data was validated using the triangulation method. Based on the research that has been done, it can be interpreted that the results of the SPS analysis of Phase F.2 students of SMAN 1 Pulau Punjung on the observation indicator with a proportion of 89% and the experimental design indicator with a proportion of 82% both have very good categories. Then a classification indicator with a proportion of 77% and a predictive indicator with a proportion of 68% both have good categories. Then for the hypothesis delivery indicator with a percentage of 58% it is categorized as enough while for the hypothesis preparation indicator it has a proportion of 39% in the not enough category.
Slowing Alzheimer’s disease progression through probiotic supplementation

The lack of affordable and effective therapeutics against cognitive impairment has promoted research toward alternative approaches to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In recent years, a bidirectional pathway that allows the gut to communicate with the central nervous system has been recognized as the gut-brain axis. Alterations in the gut microbiota, a dynamic population of trillions of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, have been implicated in a variety of pathological states, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, probiotic treatment as an affordable and accessible adjuvant therapy for the correction of dysbiosis in AD has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we sought to correct the dysbiosis in an AD mouse model with probiotic supplementation, with the intent of exploring its effects on disease progression. Transgenic 3xTg-AD mice were fed a control or a probiotic diet (Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 and Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601) for 12 weeks, with the latter leading to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. Cognitive functions were evaluated via Barnes Maze trials and improvements in memory performance were detected in probiotic-fed AD mice. Neural tissue analysis of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of 10-month-old 3xTg-AD mice demonstrated that astrocytic and microglial densities were reduced in AD mice supplemented with a probiotic diet, with changes more pronounced in probiotic-fed female mice. In addition, elevated numbers of neurons in the hippocampus of probiotic-fed 3xTg-AD mice suggested neuroprotection induced by probiotic supplementation. Our results suggest that probiotic supplementation could be effective in delaying or mitigating early stages of neurodegeneration in the 3xTg-AD animal model. It is vital to explore new possibilities for palliative care for neurodegeneration, and probiotic supplementation could provide an inexpensive and easily implemented adjuvant clinical treatment for AD.
Physical–biological interactions influencing large toothfish over the Ross Sea shelf

Abstract We add comments to a recent series of publications in peer-reviewed journals concerning the distribution of large Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) found over the inner shelf of the Ross Sea. We note that earlier fish ecologists advanced innovative hypotheses invoking physical–biological interactions with life history, and that these, far from being disproved, have been relegated by more immediately pressing management concerns. We argue that, despite the considerable advances achieved by research groups working on D. mawsoni, an understanding of distribution and abundance is incomplete without reference to the physical structure that supports their life history. We briefly consider hypotheses highlighted by the recent literature in the context of major features of the shelf circulation in the Ross Sea, in particular intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water along trough systems. We suggest physical–biological interactions that may be involved and call for improvements in the monitoring programme that can help test between the competing hypotheses.
Examining the Relationship between Systemic Immune–Inflammation Index and Disease Severity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), the leading childhood rheumatic condition, has a chronic course in which persistent disease activity leads to long-term consequences. In the era of biologic therapy and tailored treatment, precise disease activity assessment and aggressive intervention for high disease activity are crucial for improved outcomes. As inflammation is a fundamental aspect of JIA, evaluating it reflects disease severity. Recently, there has been growing interest in investigating cellular immune inflammation indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) as measures of disease severity. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the potential of the SII in reflecting both inflammation and disease severity in children with JIA. The study comprised 74 JIA patients and 50 healthy controls. The results reveal a notable increase in median SII values corresponding to disease severity, exhibiting strong correlations with traditional inflammatory markers, including CRP and ESR (ρ = 0.714, ρ = 0.661), as well as the JADAS10 score (ρ = 0.690). Multiple regression analysis revealed the SII to be independently associated with JADAS10. Furthermore, the SII accurately distinguished patients with high disease activity from other severity groups (AUC = 0.827, sensitivity 81.5%, specificity 66%). These findings suggest that integrating the SII as an additional measure holds potential for assessing disease activity in JIA.
History of the development of Permian–Cretaceous rifts in East Africa: a series of interpreted maps through time

East Africa represents the most rifted portion of crust on the planet, having been subjected to numerous phases of extension from Permian to Recent times. The first rifting phase commences in the Permian as the ‘Karoo’ set of narrow half-graben, many formed by lateral shear. Peak rifting appears to be of Middle Permian age for rifts south of Tanzania. In Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia, this rift population merges into a set of rifts with peak rifting of earliest Triassic age. A further phase of rifting is seen in the Toarcian–Aalenian. Many of these overlie Permo-Triassic rifts but others are displaced towards what will become the continental margin. Three unrelated populations of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rifts are observed, including those in Somalia, a series of pull-apart basins on the Davie Ridge and a poorly documented set in southern Mozambique. The Anza Rift, with peak rifting in the Late Cretaceous associated with the building of rift shoulders kilometres in height, is proposed here to be an isolated plume-derived rift. Evaluation of the petroleum potential associated with these rifts relies on an accurate assessment of each in terms of their age and affinity to well-documented systems. Supplementary material: A table of East Africa Permian–Mesozoic rift basins and references is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.3902653
EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF CT-GUIDED SPLANCHNIC NERVE NEUROLYSIS IN PAIN CAUSED BY UPPER ABDOMINAL VISCERAL MALIGNANCIES

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of CT-guided splanchnic nerve neurolysis in alleviating pain associated with malignancies in the upper abdominal viscera. Methods: A single-arm investigation involved 20 patients diagnosed with upper abdominal visceral malignancies and experiencing pain with a VAS ≥ 7. All participants underwent CT-guided splanchnic nerve neurolysis utilizing absolute alcohol ablation. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) one-day post-procedure, at one week, and at one-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the effectiveness of pain relief based on VAS scores. Incidences of intra- and post-procedural complications were meticulously documented. Results: The mean age of participants was 60.7±11.1, with 12 men and 8 women included in the study. Assessment of pain relief, as per the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) one day following the intervention, revealed a 70% efficacy in the group with substantial relief and 30% with moderate relief. The average VAS score exhibited a significant decrease immediately post-intervention (8.7±1.1 vs. 3.4±1.3, p<0.05). The average VAS scores remained relatively stable at 2.6±1.5 and 2.1±1.5 at the one-week and one-month follow-up, respectively. Common complications included orthostatic hypotension (40%), initial pain (30%), acute intoxication (25%), and diarrhea (15%). No instances of severe complications were recorded. Conclusion: CT-guided splanchnic nerve neurolysis using absolute alcohol is deemed a secure and productive method for promptly mitigating pain and sustaining pain stability for up to one month.
Drug Safety Evaluation of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Comorbid Patients by Review of Systemic Extraglycemic Effects

Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of this drug in diabetic patients with comorbidities of all systems. Method In this review, the beneficial effects of this drug and its mechanism on the disorders of every system of humans in relation to diabetes have been studied, and finally, its adverse effects have also been discussed. The search for relevant information is carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases by using the following terms: diabetes mellitus type 2, SGLT, SGLT2 inhibitors, (SGLT2 inhibitors) AND (Pleiotropic effects). All English-published articles from 2016 to 2023 have been used in this study. It should be noted that a small number of articles published before 2016 have been used in the introduction and general informations. Results Its beneficial effects on improving cardiovascular disease risk factors and reducing adverse events caused by cardiovascular and renal diseases have proven in most large clinical studies that these effects are almost certain. It also has beneficial effects on other human systems such as the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system, the circulatory system, and the nervous system; more of them are at the level of clinical and pre-clinical trials but have not been proven in large clinical trials or meta-analyses. Conclusion With the exception of a few adverse effects, this drug is considered a good choice and safe for all diabetic patients with comorbidities of all systems.
Impact of climate change on climatic zoning of common bean in the South of Brazil

The common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crop of high economic and social importance in Brazil. The objective of this study is to determine the impacts of climate change on climatic zoning, i.e., to define aptitude classes for cultivation and the periods recommended for the sowing times of the common bean in rainfed conditions for the period 2071 to 2100 in the states of Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, in the south of Brazil. Three climate scenarios were used to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on climatic zoning of the common bean crop: current (baseline - 1961-1990) and predicted future climatic conditions (2071-2100) (A2 and B2). The climatic zoning for the three scenarios (current, A2 and B2) were elaborated with the following aptitude classes: suitable and unsuitable for crop cultivation. Suitable for cultivation of common bean crop was considered when at least one 10 day period was indicated for sowing time. In the south of Brazil there is a spatial and temporal change of area suitable for cultivation and recommended sowing time by climatic zoning for the common bean crop in the future scenarios, both optimistic (B2) and pessimistic (A2).
Multidecadal modulations of the low‐frequency climate variability in the wintertime North Pacific since 1950

The North Pacific decadal variability (PDV) is known to manifest itself as two distinct spatial patterns. Observations since 1950 reveal that the wintertime PDV underwent notable modulations of their dominance in sea surface temperature (SST) variability and accompanying atmospheric variability. Until the 1980s, decadal SST variability was strongest along the subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ), the boundary between the warm Kuroshio and cool Oyashio waters. The SAFZ variability was highly correlated with decadal variability of the surface Aleutian Low but not simultaneously with tropical SST variability. Since the 1990s, however, this extratropical ocean‐atmosphere variability has lost its predominance, taken over by SST variability in the subtropical frontal zone. It accompanies subtropical anticyclone variability, exhibiting significant anticorrelation with tropical SST variability. These long‐term PDV modulations have remotely modulated temperature variability over Canada and Alaska. Similar PDV modulations are simulated in a centennial integration of a global climate model.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Quality Measure for the Walén Relation

A new quality index is proposed for quantitatively assessing the level of Alfvénicity of the ﬂow in the magnetopause and other quasi one-dimensional plasma/ﬁeld structures. Perfect Alfvénicity is expressed by the so-called Walén relation, which describes the agreement of the observed jump in velocity across a suitable portion of the magnetopause and the corresponding jump in Alfvén velocity. In the past, approximate agreement with this relation has been used as an important indicator of ongoing magnetic reconnection. The new index incorporates the eﬀects of deviations in direction as well as in magnitude of the two vectors. Its properties and utility are illustrated by application to a large set of dayside magnetopause crossings by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft MMS 1. Time series for two of these events are also presented and discussed.
Beyond Quadruple Therapy and Current Therapeutic Strategies in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Medical Therapies with Potential to Become Part of the Therapeutic Armamentarium

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a complex clinical syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality and seems to be responsible for approximately 50% of heart failure cases and hospitalizations worldwide. First-line treatments of patients with HFrEF, according to the ESC and AHA guidelines, include β-blockers, angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. This quadruple therapy should be initiated during hospital stay and uptitrated to maximum doses within 6 weeks after discharge according to large multicenter controlled trials. Quadruple therapy improves survival by approximately 8 years for a 55-year-old heart failure patient. Additional therapeutic strategies targeting other signaling pathways such as ivabradine, digoxin, and isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine combination for African Americans, as well as adjunctive symptomatic therapies, seem to be necessary in the management of HFrEF. Although second-line medications have not achieved improvements in mortality, they seem to decrease heart failure hospitalizations. There are novel medical therapies including vericiguat, omecamtiv mecarbil, genetic and cellular therapies, and mitochondria-targeted therapies. Moreover, mitraclip for significant mitral valve regurgitation, ablation in specific atrial fibrillation cases, omecamtiv mecarbil are options under evaluation in clinical trials. Finally, the HeartMate 3 magnetically levitated centrifugal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has extended 5-year survival for stage D HF patients who are candidates for an LVAD.
Wild Animals in Captivity: An Analysis of Parasite Biodiversity and Transmission among Animals at Two Zoological Institutions with Different Typologies

Simple Summary We have conducted a 10-year coprological study of animals housed in two zoological institutions with different housing conditions to assess parasite biodiversity and prevalence, their relationship with host class (mammal/bird), diet (carnivorous/omnivorous/herbivorous), and enclosure characteristics (soil type, isolation from wild fauna), and evaluated the risk of transmission to humans. A total of 4476 faecal samples from 132 mammal species and 951 samples from 86 avian species were examined, with 62.1% of mammal species and 12.8% of avian species testing positive. Statistically significant differences were found based on diet type; few carnivorous species were detected infected, primarily by nematodes, while many herbivorous and omnivorous species were primarily infected by protists. No statistically significant differences were observed based on soil type (artificial, natural, mixed) and isolation level (isolated/accessible). Several parasite species found in the study (Entamoeba spp., Giardia spp., Balantioides coli, Trichuris spp.) could potentially be transmitted between housed animals, wild fauna, and humans. Regular analyses of the animals and implementation and follow-up of health programs would minimise transmission risks between housed animals, wild fauna, and humans. Abstract We have conducted a 10-year-long coprological study of the animals housed in two zoological institutions (ZooAquarium and Faunia, Madrid, Spain) to assess the parasite biodiversity, prevalence, and their relation with host class, diet, and enclosure type (soil type and level of isolation from wild fauna). A total of 4476 faecal samples from 132 mammal species and 951 samples from 86 avian species were examined. The results indicated that only 12.8% of avian species had parasites at least once during the study period, whereas 62.1% of mammal species tested positive. Predominantly, protists (Entamoeba, flagellates, and ciliates) and nematodes (mainly Trichuris) were identified in the findings. Carnivorous species were primarily infected by nematodes, while herbivorous and omnivorous species were mainly infected by protists. The number of infected herbivorous and omnivorous species was significantly greater than carnivorous species. Differences were observed based on soil type (artificial, natural, mixed) and isolation level (isolated/accessible), but these differences were not statistically significant. Several parasites (Entamoeba spp., Giardia spp., Balantidoides coli, Trichuris spp.) could potentially be transmitted between humans and some mammals and birds. Regular animal analyses and a personnel health program in the institutions would minimise transmission risks between zoo animals, wildlife, and humans.
The Determination of Mediating Effect of Market Orientation and User-Generated Content in Using Social Media Features for Knowledge Sharing

The goal of this research is to study the mediating role of market orientation and user-generated content in the correlation between user-friendliness, security, and communication features pertaining to social media and knowledge sharing. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the prevailing online businesses in Sri Lanka about how to customize their businesses through knowledge sharing. The study is conducted with a vision to enrich online businesses with the involvement of support from market orientation and user-generated content, which is facilitated through social media platforms. A sample of 112 online businesses operating on the social media platform was selected using random sampling techniques for this research study. A structured Google form was adapted to collect data. The results of the study elaborate that market orientation does not have a significant mediating impact on the relationship between user-friendly features and knowledge sharing, while user-generated content mediates the relationship between all social media features and knowledge sharing. The highest mediating effect of user-generated content is evident for the communication feature. Based on the research outcomes, it is recommended for online businesses to encourage customers to review their businesses to ameliorate the functioning of their businesses through knowledge sharing. It is also recommended to improve business operations within social media boundaries to make them more user-friendly to expedite knowledge sharing. Furthermore, it is also recommended to bolster screening mechanisms for social media business operations to restrict unauthorized access and encourage the protection of sensitive data for the business.
Is There a Link Between Mineralogy, Petrophysics, and the Hydraulic and Seismic Behaviors of the Soultz‐sous‐Forêts Granite During Stimulation? A Review and Reinterpretation of Petro‐Hydromechanical Data Toward a Better Understanding of Induced Seismicity and Fluid Flow

In the framework of the European Soultz‐sous‐Forêts enhanced geothermal system (EGS) in Alsace, France, 20 years of scientific and preindustrial tests had to be performed before the site began production of electricity in 2008. Stimulation tests were designed to enhance the permeability because most of the numerous natural fractures that crosscut the granite body were sealed by secondary minerals that crystallized as an effect of the circulation of local hot brines. The deep‐seated granitic reservoir is located between 4,500 and 5,000 m depths. Hydraulic stimulations were conducted in the four deep wells (GPK1, GPK2, GPK3, and GPK4) inducing different microseismic event patterns, which cannot be explained by tectonic structures alone. In the present work, we provide a review of the hydraulic tests and reinterpret them in the light of mineralogical data obtained along the boreholes. A clear relationship appears between mineralogy (mainly clay and calcite content) and the petrophysical, mechanical, and hydraulic behaviors of the rock mass. High calcite contents are correlated with an abundance of clay minerals, low Young's modulus, low magnetic susceptibility, and variation in spectral gamma ray. Microearthquakes are generated in the fresh granite zones, while clay and calcite‐rich zones, linked with hydrothermal alteration, might behave aseismically during hydraulic stimulations. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed knowledge of the petrography of a reservoir to conduct an effective stimulation while keeping the seismic hazard at a minimum.