Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the burstiness of tcp traffic at backbone routers

The performance of tier-1 networks is typically measured in terms of delay and packet loss. These metrics are closely related; delay occurs when the packet arrival rate surpasses the out-going link speed while packet losses occur when this mismatch is extreme and/or persistent. Basic network models show that in order to keep delay low, the average packet arrival rate must be substantially lower than the link bit-rate. However, average packet arrival rate less than the link bit-rate does not guarantee low queuing delay. Rather, it is the extremes in the packet arrival rate that produce delay and losses. First, this thesis investigates these extremes in packet arrival rate. In particular, the causes of the tail of the distribution of the number of packet and byte arrivals at backbone routers are examined. One possible cause is that sometimes there are a large number of active connections resulting in a large number of arrivals in a short period of time. Another possibility is that the tail is due to one or a few very fast connections. By examining arrivals from several backbone links, we find that the tail is neither strictly from many users nor strictly from fast connections. This part concludes that there are two major causes of bursty network traffic: the number of connections sending data is bursty and the bit-rates are bursty. The former is well understood and is related to the long tailed file distribution. On the other hand, bit-rates have received less attention. Hence, second, this thesis examines bit-rates at short time-scales as observed along two backbone links. We use chip-rate to quantify the short-term bit-rate. We define the chip-rate of a packet at a time-scale T to be the maximum number of bits sent over any time interval of duration T that contains the packet, divided by T. Three areas are addressed. First, we examine which flows are responsible for sending packets at high chip-rates. Second, we consider the impact of high chip-rates. Third, we examine the causes of the high chip-rates.
Delays in Breast Cancer Treatment Schedules During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Patient Experience with Saftey Protocols: A Tertiary Hospital Experience in Ghana

Objective: As at 30th September 2020 in Ghana 46,626 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 301 related deaths had been reported. All over the world and in Ghana, elective surgeries including cancer surgeries were delayed. Korle Bu Teaching Hospital had to adjust byperforming fewer elective surgeries. The hospital also put into place COVID-19 safety protocols to protect both patients and staff. These included temperature checks, handwashing, limited number of visitors and health education at the Out-patient Departments. This study set out to evaluate how the pandemic affected access to breast cancer treatment, particularly surgery and the patients’ experience with the COVID-19 safety protocols.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on all patients who had surgery for breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic, from April to September 2020. The areas assessed were OPD, chemotherapy and surgery appointments. Categoricalvariables were reported as percentages and continuous variables as mean (± SD) or median (with IQR). Descriptive analysis used to represent delays in OPD, Chemotherapy and Surgery appointments.Results: A total of 103 breast cancer surgeries were identified. Seventy-seven (74.8%) of these consented to participate in the study. This study documented 10.4% delays in OPD attendance, 24.5% delays in chemotherapy sessions and 61.0% postponement ofsurgeries with a mean waiting time to surgery of 6.4 weeks [SD 3.8]. The enforcement of the COVID-19 safety protocols and the practice of physical distancing made the majority (72.7%) feel safe.Conclusion: Healthcare capacity and planning should support the national agenda to fight the pandemic without undue delays in cancer care.
Trapped-wave modes of bodies in channels

Trapped waves can exist in the presence of bodies in open water, and also in channels of finite width. Various examples are found for bodies that support trapped waves in channels, including floating and submerged bodies and bottom-mounted cylinders. Different types of trapping are considered where the body is fixed or free to move in response to the oscillatory pressure. In some cases both types are supported by the same body. In most cases for fixed bodies the fluid motion is antisymmetric about the centreline of the channel, but special body shapes exist where the trapped mode is asymmetric. For free bodies the trapping modes and body motions are symmetric about the centreline if the body is floating or antisymmetric if it is submerged.
Clinical and CBCT Assessment of Crestal Bone Changes in Immediate and Delayed Placement of Implant

Objectives: The present research was done to assess the crestal bone changes in immediate and delayed dental implant placement. Materials and Method: Twenty four implant sites in participants within the age group of 25-60 years in both genders were done with immediate (Group I) and delayed implant (Group II) placement method. Clinical parameters such as pain, mobility, and radiographic assessment for crestal bone alterations were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Results and Conclusion: On intergroup assessment, the mean variation of the pain, mobility, and crestal bone loss was insignificant.
Teleseismic Body-Wave Attenuation Beneath the Conterminous United States from Analysis of EarthScope Transportable Array data

Much information about the North American lithosphere has been gained by imaging seismic wave velocities. Additional constraints on the state of the subsurface can be gained by studying seismic attenuation, which has diﬀerent sensitivity to physical properties. We produce a model of lateral variations in attenuation across the conterminous U.S. by analyzing P waveforms from deep earthquakes recorded by the EarthScope Transportable Array using a time-domain waveform matching approach. We divide the study area into 12 overlapping tiles and diﬀerential attenuation is measured in each tile independently; with analysis being repeated independently for 4 of the tiles. Measurements are combined into a smooth map using a linear inversion. Comparing results for adjacent tiles and for repeated tiles shows that the imaged features are robust. The ﬁnal map is produced by combining all the measurements and shows generally higher attenuation west of the Rocky Mountain Front than east of it, with signiﬁcant small length scale variations superimposed on that broad pattern. In general, there is a strong anticorrelation between diﬀerential attenuation and shear wave velocities at 90 km depth. However, a given change in velocity may correspond to large or small change in attenuation, depending on the area; suggesting that diﬀerent physical mechanisms are operating. In some cases, most notably in the Snake River Plain, attenuation and velocity do not show the
Optical Spectroscopy and the Contruction of an Optimal Wannier Basis with Application to the Development of Ab Initio Models

Understanding the role of local orbital degrees of freedom in the behavior of solid state systems has long been understood as a key to unraveling the mysteries presented by complex transition metal compounds. A general approach to the many-body problem is density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent extension (TDDFT), which provide a realistic representation of the material-dependent symmetry and chemistry of a compound. Calculation of quantities in (TD)DFT are most often performed using the basis of Bloch states, which is not natural for investigating local degrees of freedom. The Wannier basis provides localized orbitals that retain all of the information on the chemistry and symmetry of the groundstate. By transforming the expressions from TDDFT for the density-response functions into the Wannier basis, I have been able to develop novel methods for the investigation into the role of orbital degrees of freedom on the particle-hole excitation spectrum and used these methods to develop a scheme to construct a Wannier basis by tuning the gauge of the transformation to produce the simplest, yet fully accurate, description of the lowenergy optical spectrum. Cu2O [cuprite] provided the foundational test case for this development and the key to optimization proved to be the transference of chemically induced hybridization from energy space into real space. Using FeTe as a test case for correlated materials required understanding its graphene-like optical response, which I explain as a result of orbitally selective, local correlations giving rise to two-dimensional, linearly dispersing band topology. I also interpret the correlations and optical excitations using the Wannier basis. Subsequently, I have extended the
Prediction of landslide induced debris’ severity using machine learning 1 algorithms: a case of South Korea

29 Rainfall-induced landslides frequently occur in the mountainous region of Korean peninsula. 30 The resulting landslide induced debris cause extreme property damages, huge financial losses 31 and human deaths. To mitigate their effect different landslide susceptibility mapping are 32 frequently used. However, these methods do identify regions with potential landslides but they 33 do not quantify their severity. In this paper multi-category ordered machine models, namely, 34 proportional odd logistic regression (POLR), random forest (RF), support vector machine 35 (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (EGB) methods, are proposed to fill the specified gap. 36 Moreover, the exploratory data analysis on landslide induced derris’s dataset has been 37 conducted on to examine patterns and relationship between landslide-induced debris 38 severity(size), causal factors(rainfall) and influencing factors. Findings revealed that 39 cumulative three days’ rainfall and slope length were most responsible for the severity of 40 landslide-originated debris severity and slopes between 20° to 40° was identified as most 41 vulnerable region. Furthermore, the predictive accuracy statistics were compared to assess the 42 suitable model for debris severity for Korean case. The RF and EGB ranked higher with an 43 overall accuracy of 90.07% and 86.09% and kappa of 0.72 and 0.61 on the validation set, 44 respectively. The findings of this research may be useful in the identification of high risk zones 45 for extreme rainfall-induced debris to elaborate mitigation and resilience policies, post-disaster 46 rehabilitation planning and land use management. 47
Exploring Highly Anisotropic Vortex Lattices of Unconventional Superconductors Using Small Angle Neutron Scattering

by Stephen Kuhn Superconductivity is described by its electronic and magnetic properties. One way to explore unconventional superconductors is to examine how these properties of superconductors behave di↵erently along di↵erent crystalline directions in various materials. The magnetic behavior for many of these materials is highly anisotropic, meaning the basal plane superconducting length scales are quite di↵erent than that of the c axis. In this work, the superconducting length scales were explored by novel small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques of the vortex lattice. Unconventional superconductors were placed in a magnetic field, which induced a vortex lattice whose properties reflect the overall superconducting state. The description of the vortex lattice reveals direct insights into the nature of superconductivity in the studied materials. In the iron based superconductor KFe
Indoor environment assessment of special wards of educational hospitals for the detection of fungal contamination sources: A multi-center study (2019-2021)

Background and Purpose: The hospital environment was reported as a real habitat for different microorganisms, especially mold fungi. On the other hand, these opportunistic fungi were considered hospital-acquired mold infections in patients with weak immune status. Therefore, this multi-center study aimed to evaluate 23 hospitals in 18 provinces of Iran for fungal contamination sources. Materials and Methods: In total, 43 opened Petri plates and 213 surface samples were collected throughout different wards of 23 hospitals. All collected samples were inoculated into Sabouraud Dextrose Agar containing Chloramphenicol (SC), and the plates were then incubated at 27-30ºC for 7-14 days. Results: A total of 210 fungal colonies from equipment (162, 77.1%) and air (48, 22.9%) were identified. The most predominant isolated genus was Aspergillus (47.5%), followed by Rhizopus (14.2%), Mucor (11.7%), and Cladosporium (9.2%). Aspergillus (39.5%), Cladosporium (16.6%), as well as Penicillium and Sterile hyphae (10.4% each), were the most isolates from the air samples. Moreover, intensive care units (38.5%) and operating rooms (21.9%) had the highest number of isolated fungal colonies. Out of 256 collected samples from equipment and air, 163 (63.7%) were positive for fungal growth. The rate of fungal contamination in instrument and air samples was 128/213 (60.1%) and 35/43 (81.2%), respectively. Among the isolated species of Aspergillus, A. flavus complex (38/96, 39.6%), A. niger complex (31/96, 32.3%), and A. fumigatus complex (15/96, 15.6%) were the commonest species. Conclusion: According to our findings, in addition to air, equipment and instrument should be considered among the significant sources of fungal contamination in the indoor environment of hospitals.
Characterizing the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Simian Retrovirus Subtype 8 (SRV-8) Using SRV-8-Infected Cynomolgus Monkeys

Simian retrovirus subtype 8 (SRV-8) infections have been reported in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in China and America, but its pathogenicity and immunogenicity are rarely reported. In this work, the SRV-8-infected monkeys were identified from the monkeys with anemia, weight loss, and diarrhea. To clarify the impact of SRV-8 infection on cynomolgus monkeys, infected monkeys were divided into five groups according to disease progression. Hematoxylin (HE) staining and viral loads analysis showed that SRV-8 mainly persisted in the intestine and spleen, causing tissue damage. Additionally, the dynamic variations of blood routine indexes, innate and adaptive immunity, and the transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood cells were analyzed during SRV-8 infection. Compared to uninfected animals, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and white blood cells were reduced in SRV-8-infected monkeys. The percentage of immune cell populations was changed after SRV-8 infection. Furthermore, the number of hematopoietic stem cells decreased significantly during the early stages of SRV-8 infection, and returned to normal levels after antibody-mediated viral clearance. Finally, global transcriptomic analysis in PBMCs from SRV-8-infected monkeys revealed distinct gene expression profiles across different disease stages. In summary, SRV-8 infection can cause severe pathogenicity and immune disturbance in cynomolgus monkeys, and it might be responsible for fatal virus-associated immunosuppressive syndrome.
The Role of Adjunctive Chemical Solutions in the Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocysts: A Scoping Review

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) are aggressive cysts with a high recurrence potential. Treating them with surgical enucleation procedures alone is associated with high recurrence rates; therefore, additional or supportive treatment approaches, such as peripheral osteotomy, cryotherapy, and chemical solutions, are warranted. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the existing literature on the efficacy of chemical approaches, such as Carnoy’s solution (CS), in preventing recurrence after the enucleation of OKC. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to find articles published from January 2010 to December 2022 by using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms “Odontogenic Keratocyst” “Carnoy’s Solution,” “Treatment,” and “Enucleation. ” Articles published in the English language were selected for the study. The PICOS criteria (population: patients with non-syndromic OKC with histopathological diagnosis and a minimum follow-up of six months; intervention and comparison: enucleation followed by adjunctive chemical therapy and standard procedure; outcome: recurrence rates; study design: retrospective and prospective studies, randomized controlled trials, and case series involving at least 10 cases of OKC) were employed. Studies involving syndromic (nevoid basal cell carcinoma) cases were excluded from the search. Seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and the majority of them were retrospective studies, with a few case series. OKC was found more frequently in the mandible, with a recurrence rate of 11%, when treated with CS following enucleation after four years of follow-up. Modified Carnoy’s solution (MC) was used in two studies. The mean follow-up period was 44 months. Based on our findings, adjuvant therapy using a chemical approach following enucleation is a more effective and beneficial modality for the treatment of OKC.
Improving Premanufacturing Phases in Off-Site Construction Through a Digitalization Approach

The integration of digitalization and building information modelling (BIM) has been lauded as a cornerstone to improve processes and enhance communication across the construction industry. Nevertheless, the implementation of digitalization approaches has suffered due to the lack of methods and processes uncertainties, particularly in the case of off-site construction (OSC) companies where its premanufacturing phases (design, planning, and procurement) differ significantly from traditional construction. This research presents a case study of a digitalization-based workflow to reduce the duration and increase accuracy of premanufacturing phases. To that end, a digitalization plan is developed using value stream maps, supported by Monte Carlo simulation, to identify the waste of current practices and propose suitable improvement measures. Afterwards, a digitalization-based workflow is developed and implemented to exchange data between BIM models and other systems. After one year and a half of implementation, the proposed workflow reduced the duration of tasks in 92.31% while providing an average of 12.24% more accurate bill of materials compared to the previous approach. As such, the contribution of this study is twofold: first, a lean-based method to implement digitalization in OSC companies considering its particularities and inherited process uncertainties; and second, an improved process for OSC premanufacturing phases.
Neural machine translation for in‐text citation classification

The quality of scientific publications can be measured by quantitative indices such as the h‐index, Source Normalized Impact per Paper, or g‐index. However, these measures lack to explain the function or reasons for citations and the context of citations from citing publication to cited publication. We argue that citation context may be considered while calculating the impact of research work. However, mining citation context from unstructured full‐text publications is a challenging task. In this paper, we compiled a data set comprising 9,518 citations context. We developed a deep learning‐based architecture for citation context classification. Unlike feature‐based state‐of‐the‐art models, our proposed focal‐loss and class‐weight‐aware BiLSTM model with pretrained GloVe embedding vectors use citation context as input to outperform them in multiclass citation context classification tasks. Our model improves on the baseline state‐of‐the‐art by achieving an F1 score of 0.80 with an accuracy of 0.81 for citation context classification. Moreover, we delve into the effects of using different word embeddings on the performance of the classification model and draw a comparison between fastText, GloVe, and spaCy pretrained word embeddings.
Factors Influencing Sales Employees’ Turnover Intention in Small and Medium- Sized Enterprises (SMEs) of Animal Feed Production Industry in Viet Nam

The reality shows that SMEs producing animal feed always face the phenomenon of staff job-hopping, especially sales staff. This phenomenon influences quite a lot of the business activities of enterprises, such as losing connection with customers, reducing revenue, etc.This study was conducted to find out the reasons why salespeople do not want to establish long-term relationships with businesses. The research method is carried out through an online questionnaire survey and multivariate data analysis. The results of data analysis from 180 sales staff at SMEs producing animal feed in Vietnam on employees' turnover intention are influenced by five factors: (1) Salary, bonus, and benefits; (2) The influence of work on personal life; (3) Leadership behavior; (4) the nature of work; and (5) Working conditions and environment. In addition, age and gender are also factors affecting the turnover intention of employees. On that basis, the author of the article proposes recommendations to help SMEs producing animal feed in Vietnam have appropriate orientations and policies to retain employees and help businesses have stable human resources.
Association of red blood cell distribution width with hospital admission and in-hospital mortality across all-cause adult emergency department visits

Abstract Objectives To test the association between the initial red blood cell distribution width (RDW) value in the emergency department (ED) and hospital admission and, among those admitted, in-hospital mortality. Materials and Methods We perform a retrospective analysis of 210 930 adult ED visits with complete blood count results from March 2013 to February 2022. Primary outcomes were hospital admission and in-hospital mortality. Variables for each visit included demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, basic metabolic panel, complete blood count, and final diagnosis. The association of each outcome with the initial RDW value was calculated across 3 age groups (<45, 45–65, and >65) as well as across 374 diagnosis categories. Logistic regression (LR) and XGBoost models using all variables excluding final diagnoses were built to test whether RDW was a highly weighted and informative predictor for each outcome. Finally, simplified models using only age, sex, and vital signs were built to test whether RDW had additive predictive value. Results Compared to that of discharged visits (mean [SD]: 13.8 [2.03]), RDW was significantly elevated in visits that resulted in admission (15.1 [2.72]) and, among admissions, those resulting in intensive care unit stay (15.3 [2.88]) and/or death (16.8 [3.25]). This relationship held across age groups as well as across various diagnosis categories. An RDW >16 achieved 90% specificity for hospital admission, while an RDW >18.5 achieved 90% specificity for in-hospital mortality. LR achieved a test area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.78) for hospital admission and 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.88) for in-hospital mortality, while XGBoost achieved a test AUC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.89–0.90) for hospital admission and 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.97) for in-hospital mortality. RDW had high scaled weights and information gain for both outcomes and had additive value in simplified models predicting hospital admission. Discussion Elevated RDW, previously associated with mortality in myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, sepsis, and COVID-19, is associated with hospital admission and in-hospital mortality across all-cause adult ED visits. Used alone, elevated RDW may be a specific, but not sensitive, test for both outcomes, with multivariate LR and XGBoost models showing significantly improved test characteristics. Conclusions RDW, a component of the complete blood count panel routinely ordered as the initial workup for the undifferentiated patient, may be a generalizable biomarker for acuity in the ED.