Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demographics of Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Packs Recolonizing Variable Habitats in Central Wisconsin

Abstract – Some Canis lupus (Gray Wolf, hereafter Wolf) live in disjunct populations including Wisconsin's Central Forest Region (CFR), recolonizing there in the early 1990s. We examined how habitat factors and period of initial recolonization facilitated successful re-establishment of Wolves to this region. We divided this event into 3 periods: early (1994–1999), middle (2000–2005), and late (2006–2012). We defined habitat classes of individual pack territories as optimal, mixed, and marginal, based on: (1) percent public land, (2) percent agricultural land, and (3) road density. We analyzed the influence of time and habitat classes on pack territory size, winter pack size, pup presence, Wolf–human conflicts, human-caused Wolf mortalities, territory persistence, and reproductive performance. Pack demographics were similar across time, except pup presence was slightly lower during the middle period. Wolf–human conflicts increased over time and were correlated with population growth. Packs in marginal habitat were smaller in winter, exhibited lower reproductive performance, had more conflicts with humans, and experienced human-caused mortalities at rates 4 and 7 times higher than mixed and optimal habitats, respectively. We demonstrate that Gray Wolves tolerate some level of human-altered landscapes and identify demographic parameters that impact the Wolves' ability to survive in human-dominated landscapes.
URANS and LES analysis of turbulent swirling flows

URANS and LES analysis of confined, incompressible turbulent swirling flows exhibiting vortex breakdown are presented, employing a RSM closure in conjunction with the former. Emphasis is placed upon the predictability of the sub-and supercritical vortex core states. Results are assessed by comparisons with experiments. It is observed that significantly better results are obtained by the RSM based URANS approach, compared to the RANS or turbulent viscosity based URANS. This indicates the importance of transient phenomena such as the precessing vortex core and vortex shedding, along with the unsuitability of the turbulent viscosity based approaches in this bracket of flows. LES did not perform as well as expected. This is possibly due to inaccuracies in formulating the boundary conditions, or to too coarse a filter width for the simple subgrid model adopted. Although the present work shows that remarkable improvements can be achieved over RANS approaches, comparisons with measurements reveal that further research and model improvements are still necessary.
Acoustic pulsation of a microbubble confined between elastic walls

This paper reports an experimental and theoretical study of the dynamics of microbubbles flattened between the two walls of a microfluidic channel. Using a micropit, a single bubble is trapped by capillarity at a specific position in the channel and its oscillation under ultrasound is observed by stroboscopy. It is shown that the bubble dynamics can be described by a two-dimensional Rayleigh-Plesset equation including the deformation of the walls of the channel and that the bubble behaves as a secondary source of Rayleigh waves at the wall interface. Above a critical pressure threshold, the bubble exhibits a two-dimensional shape oscillation around its periphery with a period doubling characteristic of a parametric instability. We report how each shape mode appears, varying the bubble radius and the amplitude of excitation, and demonstrate that the wall deformation has no significant effect on their dynamics.
Branched Flow and Caustics in Two-Dimensional Random Potentials and Magnetic Fields

Branched flow is a universal phenomenon of two-dimensional wave or particle flows which propagate through a weak random potential. Its origin is the formation of caustics, which are locations where the flow is focused by the cumulative effect of weak random forces acting along the flowpath. Branched flow has been observed on length scales spanning at least twelve orders of magnitude and in a variety of systems. For example, it has been studied in semiconductor microdevices, has been argued to be the mechanism underlying the formation of giant freak sea waves and has been predicted for the propagation of sound through the ocean on scales of several thousands of kilometers. A thorough understanding of the mechanism dictating how a random potential can cause such drastic effects such as branching is therefore important in many areas of physics, and is interesting to experimentalists and theoreticians alike. In this thesis, we contribute to the theory of branched flow in the following ways. First, we consider the statistics of caustics along particle trajectories in a random potential with an additional deterministic focusing mechanism, a constant magnetic field. By extending existing theories and with detailed numerical simulations we can study the interplay between random focusing by the disorder potential and deterministic focusing by the magnetic field. We then apply our theory to data from a magnetic focusing experiment in a semiconductor microstructure. We can reproduce the results of the experiments numerically and show them to be a result of random and deterministic focusing. Our results have important consequences for the conductance properties of semiconductor microstructures. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the statistics of branches transverse to the flow, since this, although not as directly analytically and numerically accessible, is a quantity which can be measured more easily in an experiment. For the first time, we obtain statistics of the number of branches valid for all distances from a source, analytically and numerically. Also for the first time, we analyze the effect of different correlation functions and find an analytic expression for the universal curve describing the number of branches, which is valid for a wide range of correlation functions and parameters of the random potential.
Characterization of a gas‐liquid OBC: Bubble size and gas holdup

A fundamental experimental study of gas-liquid contacting in an oscillatory baffled column is presented focusing on the effect of fluid oscillation on gas holdup and bubble size. The results show that beyond a critical level of fluid oscillation the Sauter mean diameter of the dispersion is substantially reduced, while the gas holdup (and, thus, the residence time of the gas phase) increases significantly. The reduction of bubble size was described in terms of bubble breakage, caused by the interaction of the bubbles with eddies. The experimental results were modeled by applying Kolmogoroff’s theory of isotropic turbulence. The steep increase in the gas holdup with oscillation was mainly due to bubble entrainment by large vortices, formed by the oscillatory flow in the presence of baffles. A semi-theoretical expression, based on the forces acting on a bubble, was proposed, and was able to accurately match the experimental trends. The results also show that the gas-liquid hydrodynamics are mainly governed by the oscillatory operating conditions, and independent of the type of gas sparger.
The Relationship Between the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women, Infant Birth Weight and Stunting Incidence in Toddlers

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Stunting is still a major nutritional problem faced by Indonesia. The prevalence of stunting in North Sumatra ranks nineteenth at 21.1%. Mandailing Natal District has the highest prevalence in North Sumatra Province at 47.7%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women (LILA) and the birth weight of infants aged 6-36 months with the stunting process in the Working Area of the Kotanopan Health Center, Mandailing Natal. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional study design with a sample of all infants aged 6-36 months at the Kotanopan Health Center, Mandailing Natal. This research was conducted in the Working Area of the Kotanopan Health Center, Mandailing Natal, in December-February 2023. The population in this study was all toddlers aged 6-36 months, totaling 1457 toddlers. The sample in the study was 97 toddlers. They collected data in this study using a questionnaire. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling—data analysis in this study with the Chi-Square test. The results of the study explained that there were 97 respondents for the category of nutritional status of pregnant women (LILA), and 34.0% of pregnant women experienced chronic energy deficiency. There were 25.7% of babies born with low birth weight (LBW) and 47.4% of babies experiencing stunting for the category of infant nutritional status based on height/age. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant relationship between the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women (LILA) and stunting in infants (p=0.01) and birth weight in infants with stunting (p=0.02). Suggestions for health workers need to increase the provision of PMT to pregnant women to prevent an increase in the number of pregnant women suffering from CED in the working area of the Kotanopan Health Center, Mandailing Natal. </em><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Infant Birth</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>Weight, Stunting, Upper Arm Circumference (LILA)</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Representing sources of error in the common-factor model: Implications for theory and practice.

In the traditional presentation of the common-factor model, measured variables are represented as exact linear combinations of common and unique factors. From the perspective that no mathematical model will fit real-world phenomena perfectly, it is suggested that this representation is problematic. It is not consistent with the phenomena it is intended to model, and it does not provide an adequate basis for understanding some issues inherent in factor analysis. An alternative representation of the model that incorporates a «lack-of-fit» term into the initial equation for the measured variables is proposed. Subsequent derivation of the covariance form of the model in the population and the sample yields a framework that alloys for differentiation of various sources of error that arise in applications of the model. These developments provide a basis for study of some important issues such as model definition, parameter estimation, and sample size
Efficient Multi-Organ Segmentation From 3D Abdominal CT Images With Lightweight Network and Knowledge Distillation

Accurate segmentation of multiple abdominal organs from Computed Tomography (CT) images plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up. Currently, 3D Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) have achieved promising performance for automatic medical image segmentation tasks. However, most existing 3D CNNs have a large set of parameters and huge floating point operations (FLOPs), and 3D CT volumes have a large size, leading to high computational cost, which limits their clinical application. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel framework based on lightweight network and Knowledge Distillation (KD) for delineating multiple organs from 3D CT volumes. We first propose a novel lightweight medical image segmentation network named LCOV-Net for reducing the model size and then introduce two knowledge distillation modules (i.e., Class-Affinity KD and Multi-Scale KD) to effectively distill the knowledge from a heavy-weight teacher model to improve LCOV-Net’s segmentation accuracy. Experiments on two public abdominal CT datasets for multiple organ segmentation showed that: 1) Our LCOV-Net outperformed existing lightweight 3D segmentation models in both computational cost and accuracy; 2) The proposed KD strategy effectively improved the performance of the lightweight network, and it outperformed existing KD methods; 3) Combining the proposed LCOV-Net and KD strategy, our framework achieved better performance than the state-of-the-art 3D nnU-Net with only one-fifth parameters. The code is available at https://github.com/HiLab-git/LCOVNet-and-KD.
The influence of trapping centres on the photoelectron decay in silver halide

Photoelectron is the foundation of latent image formation, the decay process of photoelectrons is influenced by all kinds of trapping centres in silver halide. By analysing the mechanism of latent image formation it is found that electron trap, hole trap and one kind of recombination centre where free electron and trapped hole recombine are the main trapping centres in silver halide. Different trapping centres have different influences on the photoelectron behaviour. The effects of all kinds of typical trapping centres on the decay of photoelectrons are systematically investigated by solving the photoelectron decay kinetic equations. The results are in agreement with those obtained in the microwave absorption dielectric spectrum experiment.
A generalized mathematical model of geostrophic adjustment and frontogenesis: uniform potential vorticity

Abstract Fronts, or regions with strong horizontal density gradients, are ubiquitous and dynamically important features in the ocean and atmosphere. In the atmosphere, fronts are associated with some of the most severe weather events, while in the ocean, fronts are associated with enhanced turbulence, water mass transformation and biological activity. Here, we examine the dynamics involved in the formation of fronts, or frontogenesis, in detail using a generalized mathematical framework. This extends previous work which has generally revolved around two limiting cases: fronts generated through forcing due to a convergent large-scale flow, and fronts generated spontaneously during the geostrophic adjustment of an initially unbalanced flow. Here, we introduce a new generalized momentum coordinate to simultaneously describe forced and spontaneous frontogenesis. The nonlinear, inviscid, Boussinesq, hydrostatic governing equations for uniform PV flow are solved for arbitrary Rossby and Froude number. The solution is then examined in three distinct cases. Firstly, for a zero potential vorticity (PV) flow bounded by rigid lids, a general solution is derived for the transient response of the fluid to an arbitrary initial mass imbalance and deformation field. The deformation frontogenesis solution of Hoskins & Bretherton (J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 29, 1972, pp. 11–37) and the mass imbalance solution of Blumen (J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 30, 2000, pp. 31–39) emerge as two limits of this general solution. Secondly, the problem of geostrophic adjustment of an initial mass imbalance (no deformation field) is considered for uniform PV flow bounded by rigid lids. The general solution is derived, composed of an adjusted state and a transient component describing the propagation of inertia–gravity waves. The criteria for the occurrence of a frontal discontinuity is determined in terms of the Rossby and Froude numbers. The uniform PV solution reduces identically to the zero PV solution of Blumen in the limit of vanishing background stratification. Thirdly, we examine the more general case of uniform PV flow with a deformation field and either balanced or unbalanced initial conditions. In this case the solution is composed of a time-varying mean state – matching the Hoskins & Bretherton solution in the limit of small strain – and an inertia gravity wave field, the dynamics of which are examined in detail. Our analysis provides a unifying framework capable of describing frontal formation and geostrophic adjustment in a wide variety of settings.
Naphth[1,2-d]imidazoles Bioactive from β-Lapachone: Fluorescent Probes and Cytotoxic Agents to Cancer Cells

Theranostics combines therapeutic and imaging diagnostic techniques that are extremely dependent on the action of imaging agent, transporter of therapeutic molecules, and specific target ligand, in which fluorescent probes can act as diagnostic agents. In particular, naphthoimidazoles are potential bioactive heterocycle compounds to be used in several biomedical applications. With this aim, a group of seven naphth[1,2-d]imidazole compounds were synthesized from β-lapachone. Their optical properties and their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and their compounds were evaluated and confirmed promising values for molar absorptivity coefficients (on the order of 103 to 104), intense fluorescence emissions in the blue region, and large Stokes shifts (20–103 nm). Furthermore, the probes were also selective for analyzed cancer cells (leukemic cells (HL-60). The naphth[1,2-d]imidazoles showed IC50 between 8.71 and 29.92 μM against HL-60 cells. For HCT-116 cells, values for IC50 between 21.12 and 62.11 μM were observed. The selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells and the fluorescence of the synthesized naphth[1,2-d]imidazoles are promising responses that make possible the application of these components in antitumor theranostic systems.
Optical Tracers of Spiral Wave Resonances in Galaxies: II. Hidden Three-Arm Spirals in a Sample of 18 Galaxies

Computer-enhanced galaxy images reveal underlying spiral structures with three symmetric arms that extend between ∼25% and ∼85% of the outer radii of the two-arm spirals. Many of the galaxies containing multiple arms or other complex spirals are clear superpositions of simple two- and three-arm structures. The three-arm spirals appear to extend exactly from the inner to the outer 3:1 resonances in most cases, and the more prominent two-arm spirals begin outside the inner 2:1 resonance and extend to the outer 2:1 resonance
A New Study on the Parameter Relationships of Planetary Roller Screws

As a more powerful transmission device, planetary roller screws (PRSs) recently have received more attention, compared to conventional ball screws. However, due to the complicated and unclear relationships among the PRS components’ parameters, it is difficult to design high-quality PRSs. To facilitate the PRS design, a new study on the parameter relationships of PRS is conducted in this work. New models of the axial stiffness and the frictional moment of PRS are developed, and the relationships of the axial stiffness and the frictional moment in terms of contact angle, helical angle, and tooth number of the roller thread are investigated. This study could contribute to the research of PRS to improve its transmission performance, especially to increase its positioning accuracy.
Pulsed laser deposition of thick YBa2Cu3O7-δ films with Jc>1 MA/cm2

Using pulsed laser deposition, YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films ranging in thickness from 0.065 to 6.4 μm have been deposited on yttria‐stabilized zirconia substrates with an intermediate layer of CeO2. The thinnest films have critical current densities of over 5 MA/cm2 at 75 K with zero applied field; as film thickness is increased, Jc decreases asymptotically to 1 MA/cm2. X‐ray analysis of a 2.2‐μm‐thick film shows that the YBCO is predominantly c‐axis oriented and textured in‐plane, while a Rutherford backscattering spectrometry minimum channeling yield of ≊75% indicates that the film contains disordered material at this thickness.
Transitional flow of a rarefied gas over a spinning sphere

Abstract Three-dimensional transitional flow of a rarefied monatomic gas over a spinning sphere is studied numerically by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Gas molecules interact with each other as hard spheres. The Maxwell model of specular–diffuse scattering is used to describe the interaction between gas molecules and the sphere surface. The effect of all dimensionless governing parameters of the problem on the flow structure, distributions of stresses and heat flux density on the sphere surface, aerodynamic force and torque exerted on the sphere, and heat flux on the sphere surface is analysed. Simulations are conducted at Mach numbers raging from $0. 03$ to $2$ and Knudsen numbers raging from $0. 01$ to $20$. Two qualitatively different streamline patterns are observed around the sphere depending on its dimensionless rotational velocity. The direction and magnitude of the transverse Magnus force in transitional flow depend on the Knudsen and Mach numbers. The torque and heat flux coefficients are found to be functions of the Mach number and dimensionless rotational velocity. The effect of rotation on the sphere aerodynamics weakens with an increase in the sphere temperature with respect to the gas temperature in the free stream. A complete set of equations is developed to fit the computed values of the aerodynamic and heat flux coefficients in a case when the sphere temperature is equal to the temperature of the free stream.
Optical aging behaviour naturally induced on As 2 S 3 microstructured optical fibres

The efficiency and the stability of As2S3 microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) are limited by the shift of their optical properties that occurs over time due to a naturally induced aging process. Such sensitivity becomes more crucial for long optical path. Among the variety of fibre designs, the MOFs are developed for promising photonics applications such as supercontinuum generation for example. In the present work, we carried out an extensive aging study on As2S3 chalcogenide MOFs in ambient atmosphere. The evolution of the fibre transmission spectrum has been studied with regards to exposure time. The analysis of the transmission line profile was performed in terms of different spectral components Gaussian in shape and the infrared absorption bands have been attributed to the corresponding chemical groups' vibration modes or overtones. The time-dependent evolution of fibre attenuation has been studied as well as its longitudinal evolution for a given exposure time. Previous knowledge of extinction coefficient inherent to vibration components allows to predict their corresponding concentration. The content of hydroxyl groups tightly bonded to the glass network of the sulphide MOF core decreases exponentially with distance away from the MOF extremity. The report results show that a deleterious aging effect occurs over the first hours and days of exposure. This have crucial implications for storage and employment techniques and requires holes airproofing technique.
Impact of Synthesized Indoloquinoline Analog to Isolates from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta on Tumor Growth Inhibition and Hepatotoxicity in Ehrlich Solid Tumor-Bearing Female Mice

The study evaluated the antitumor efficacy of APAN, “synthesized indoloquinoline analog derived from the parent neocryptolepine isolated from the roots of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta”, versus the chemotherapeutic drug etoposide (ETO) in Ehrlich solid tumor (EST)-bearing female mice as well as its protective effect against etoposide-triggered hepatic disorders. APAN showed an ameliorative activity against Ehrlich solid tumor and hepatic toxicity, and the greatest improvement was found in the combined treatment of APAN with ETO. The results indicated that EST altered the levels of tumor markers (AFP, CEA, and anti-dsDNA) and liver biomarker function (ALT, AST, ALP, ALB, and T. protein). Furthermore, EST elevated CD68 and anti-survivin proteins immuno-expressions in the solid tumor and liver tissue. Molecular docking studies were demonstrated to investigate their affinity for both TNF-α and topoisomerase II as target proteins, as etoposide is based on the inhibition of topoisomerase II, and TNF-α is quite highly expressed in the solid tumor and liver tissues of EST-bearing animals, which prompted the authors’ interest to explore APAN affinity to its binding site. Treatment of mice bearing EST with APAN and ETO nearly regularized serum levels of the altered parameters and ameliorated the impact of EST on the tissue structure of the liver better than that by treatment with each of them separately.