Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear damping of chorus emissions at local half cyclotron frequencies observed by Geotail at L > 9

We have performed a statistical analysis of upper band and lower band chorus emissions observed by the Geotail spacecraft. Chorus elements are generated near the magnetic equator (or the high‐latitude minimum‐B pockets in the outer magnetosphere) as discrete emissions covering a frequency range of 0.1–0.65 fce0, where fce0 is the cyclotron frequency in the generation region, with wave vectors parallel to the ambient magnetic field. As the emissions propagate away from the generation region, it is possible that they undergo the nonlinear damping at half the local cyclotron frequency 0.5 fce because of the quasi‐parallel propagation. The nonlinear damping can separate the emissions into the upper band and lower band chorus emissions. We have found that the lower cutoff of the upper band emissions coincides with 0.5 fce, while the upper cutoff of the lower band emissions represents 0.5 fce0. When 0.5 fce exceeds 0.65 fce0, the chorus emission is observed as a lower band‐only emission.
Genetics and RNA Regulation of Uveal Melanoma

Simple Summary Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare eye cancer with a high mortality rate due to metastases, leading to death in up to 50% of patients within 10 years from UM diagnosis. Moreover, patients show a median survival of 6 to 12 months after metastasis diagnosis. UM and cutaneous melanoma (CM) have the same melanocytic origin; however, they are very different in terms of molecular alterations and biological behavior. In this review, we will discuss the complex genetic and non-coding RNA-based epigenetic landscapes underlying the transformation, progression, and dissemination of UM. This knowledge will pave the way for the future identification of new biomarkers of the pathology and therapeutic targets. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor and the most frequent melanoma not affecting the skin. While the rate of UM occurrence is relatively low, about 50% of patients develop metastasis, primarily to the liver, with lethal outcome despite medical treatment. Notwithstanding that UM etiopathogenesis is still under investigation, a set of known mutations and chromosomal aberrations are associated with its pathogenesis and have a relevant prognostic value. The most frequently mutated genes are BAP1, EIF1AX, GNA11, GNAQ, and SF3B1, with mutually exclusive mutations occurring in GNAQ and GNA11, and almost mutually exclusive ones in BAP1 and SF3B1, and BAP1 and EIF1AX. Among chromosomal aberrations, monosomy of chromosome 3 is the most frequent, followed by gain of chromosome 8q, and full or partial loss of chromosomes 1 and 6. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), namely microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have also been investigated. Several papers investigating the role of ncRNAs in UM have reported that their dysregulated expression affects cancer-related processes in both in vitro and in vivo models. This review will summarize current findings about genetic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and ncRNA dysregulation establishing UM biology.
Linear Instability of Pipe Poiseuille Flow

The stability of fluid flow in a circular pipe to infinitesimal disturbances is investigated by making use of a method of eigenfunction expansion, taking into account the three-dimensional variation of disturbance velocities. Numerical computations show that the Poiseuille flow is unstable for the Reynolds numbers beyond a critical value with any one of axial wave numbers considered. The minimum critical Reynolds number corresponds to rotationally symmetric spiral mode of oscillations and is found to be 600. The critical Reynolds numbers for the axisymmetric and non-symmetric modes are 40000 and 8600, respectively.
Saturated Fatty Acids Consumed in Smoothies Increase Glucose and Metabolic Load Index in Young Adults Compared to Polyunsaturated Omega-3-Fatty Acids

Introduction: Chronic diets high in saturated fat (SF) and omega-6-fatty acids (O6FAs) elevate fasting triglycerides (TRGs) and glucose (GLU). Postprandial TRGs, GLU, and Metabolic Load Index (MLI) are better predictors of disease risk compared to fasting levels alone. Conversely, diets high in omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) may be cardioprotective. Unfortunately, many existing postprandial studies are not standardized to body weight and given in an amount individuals would typically consume in their daily lives; the MLI is not calculated, and varying types of fat content are not examined. Therefore, we sought to determine whether SF, O3FAs, or O6FAs altered postprandial TRGs, GLU, and MLI from a standardized mixed meal. Methods: Fifteen individuals (6 M and 9 F) visited the laboratory three times, separated by at least 48 h, to consume HFM smoothies with varying FA composition (SF, high O6FAs, and high O3FAs). The smoothies were standardized to 12 kcal/kg body weight, 63% total fat, and 0.72 g/kg sugar. TRGs and GLU were collected at baseline and at 2 h and 4 h postprandially; the MLI was calculated by summing the TRG and GLU responses at each time point. Results: There was a significant increase in TRGs across time points (p < 0.001). For TRGs, there was a trend toward a significant interaction between smoothie type and time (p = 0.06) due to the increase in TRGs in the SF compared to the O3FA smoothie. There was an increase in postprandial GLU that varied across smoothie types (p = 0.036). Taken together, the MLI was elevated in the SF smoothie compared to the O3FAs at 2 h (p = 0.041). Conclusion: A SF smoothie in the morning elevated the metabolic load compared to an O3FA smoothie. Mechanisms of action in the competing clearance of TRGs and GLU warrant further investigation.
Using mathematical ideas from carpet and carpet-weavers as a context for designing mathematics tasks

In this study, the mathematics of carpet will be introduced by presenting the lifestyle of two expert carpet-weavers from Kerman, Iran, who work for many years in carpet-weaving activities through an explanation of carpet weavers’ culture. This explanation reveals that carpet weavers can do mathematics and solve related real-world problems without academic education in mathematics according to their needs through practical activities. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mathematical ideas in the art of carpet weavers, and the ethnography approach is used as a methodological framework. Our findings showed that there are many mathematical concepts in the carpet weaving process, such as mirror axes, parallel and diagonal lines, geometric shapes, ratio, and measurement which can be used as context for developing enrich and meaningful mathematical tasks.
Non-singular bouncing model in energy momentum squared gravity

This work is concerned to study the bouncing nature of the Universe for an isotropic configuration of fluid αβ and Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric scheme. This work is carried out under the novel f(,αβαβ) gravitation by assuming a specific model i.e. f(,2) = +α2+2λ2 with α and λ are constants, serving as free parameters. The terms  and 2 served as an Gauss-Bonnet invariant and square of the energy-momentum trace term as an inclusion in the gravitational action respectively, and is proportional to 2=αβαβ . A specific functional form of the Hubble parameter is taken to provide the evolution of cosmographic parameters. A well known equation of state parameter, ω(t)=−klog(t+ϵ)t−1 is used to represent the dynamical behavior of energy density, matter pressure and energy conditions. A detailed graphical analysis is also provided to review the bounce. Furthermore, all free parameters are set in a way, to make the supposed Hubble parameter act as the bouncing solution and ensure the viability of energy conditions. Conclusively, all necessary conditions for a bouncing model are checked.
Effect of Vibrational Nonequilibrium on Hypersonic Double-Cone Experiments

Recent numerical simulations of hypersonic double-cone experiments overpredict the heat-transfer rate to the model by about 20%. We present a systematic analysis of the experimental facility and the physical modeling to explainthisdiscrepancy.Nozzlee owe eldsimulationsareusedtoinvestigatetheeffectofvibrationalnonequilibrium in the test section. These simulations show that the vibrational modes of the nitrogen gas freeze near the nozzle throatconditions, resulting inanelevated vibrationaltemperatureinthetestsection. Thislowersthekineticenergy e ux, reducing the heat transfer to the model. The effect of slip boundary conditions is also studied, and it is shown that weak accommodation of vibrational energy at the surface further reduces the heat-transfer rate to the model. The combination of these two effects brings the predicted heat-transfer rate into agreement with the experiments. In addition, weak e ow nonuniformity in the test section is shown to slightly modify the predicted separation zone, further improving the agreement.
Bayesian approach to distributed-parameter filtering and smoothing†

Abstract The filtering and smoothing problems are studied for a class of distributed-parameter information and control systems described by linear partial differential or integro-differential equations. The results are first derived in discrete-time form following a Bayesian information processing approach and are then converted in continuous-time form using an extension of Kalman's limiting procedure. The paper concludes by showing how the results should be formally used for treating nonlinear systems. The filters derived here are the most general and involve the distributed-parameter filters derived by other authors as special cases.
Drug-Induced IgA Vasculitis in an Adult

A 65-year-old man developed palpable purpuric papules and plaques on his lower extremities, which quickly spread to his trunk and upper extremity after being prescribed cephalexin and doxycycline in the emergency room. Here, we define the details of a textbook-like presentation of IgA vasculitis, formerly referred to as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, in an adult.
Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats

The Marburg and Ebola filoviruses cause a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates but have only subclinical effects in bats, including Egyptian rousettes, which are a natural reservoir of Marburg virus. A fundamental question is why these viruses are highly pathogenic in humans but fail to cause disease in bats. To address this question, we infected one cohort of Egyptian rousette bats with Marburg virus and another cohort with Ebola virus and harvested multiple tissues for mRNA expression analysis. While virus transcripts were found primarily in the liver, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed coordinated changes across multiple tissues. Gene signatures in kidney and liver pointed at induction of vasodilation, reduction in coagulation, and changes in the regulation of iron metabolism. Signatures of immune response detected in spleen and liver indicated a robust anti-inflammatory state signified by macrophages in the M2 state and an active T cell response. The evolutionary divergence between bats and humans of many responsive genes might provide a framework for understanding the differing outcomes upon infection by filoviruses. In this study, we outline multiple interconnected pathways that respond to infection by MARV and EBOV, providing insights into the complexity of the mechanisms that enable bats to resist the disease caused by filoviral infections. The results have the potential to aid in the development of new strategies to effectively mitigate and treat the disease caused by these viruses in humans.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Different Subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

This study assessed differences in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) between subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). For statistical analysis, participants were divided according to their subtype: classical EDS (cEDS), hypermobile EDS (hEDS), and vascular EDS (vEDS). All other subtypes were descriptively analyzed. Free-text questions and the German short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were used. Finally, 295 questionnaires were included, representing 10 different EDS subtypes. The mean OHIP score of all participants was 19.6 points (standard derivation (SD) ± 12.3). The most predominant subtypes showed similar reduced OHRQoL, with 18.0 (cEDS, ±12.9), 19.5 (hEDS, ±12.0), and 15.2 (vEDS, ±11.6) OHIP points. For all other subtypes, the OHIP values varied. Participants waited an average of 21.8 years (±12.8) for their diagnosis. However, within the predominant subtypes, vEDS patients waited a noticeably shorter period of 13.3 years (±13.0; p = 0.004) compared to participants with hEDS. Additionally, this study showed no difference in OHRQoL for the predominant subtypes regardless of whether a participant was a self-help group member (18.8, ±12.0) or not (19.4, ±12.1; p = 0.327).
Physical Exercise Effects on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Postmenopausal Women—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The cardioprotective effect of physical exercise has been demonstrated in several studies. However, no systematic or updated analysis has described the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Aim: to describe the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Methods: The Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for randomized clinical trials published between January 2011 and December 2021, and regarding the effects of physical exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. Two independent authors processed the citations. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDRo scale. Results: Of the 91 studies identified, only 8 met the inclusion criteria, of which 7 had fair or poor methodological quality. The analyzed studies investigated the effects of functional training, whole-body vibration, muscular resistance, stretching, and aerobic exercises performed at home or at the gym. The majority of these exercise modalities showed improvements in heart-rate variability (HRV) indices and in the low-frequency band of blood pressure variability. The meta-analysis shows that exercise increased the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1) (mean difference (MD) = 3.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22 to 6.77, n = 46; I2: 0%) and the standard deviation of long-term variability (SD2) (MD = 11.37; 95% CI = 2.99 to 19.75; n = 46; I2: 0%). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise and some nonconventional training modalities may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women. More high-quality studies are still needed to further confirm their efficacy and safety.
Ultra-Rare Variants Identify Biological Pathways and Candidate Genes in the Pathobiology of Non-Syndromic Cleft Palate Only

In recent decades, many efforts have been made to elucidate the genetic causes of non-syndromic cleft palate (nsCPO), a complex congenital disease caused by the interaction of several genetic and environmental factors. Since genome-wide association studies have evidenced a minor contribution of common polymorphisms in nsCPO inheritance, we used whole exome sequencing data to explore the role of ultra-rare variants in this study. In a cohort of 35 nsCPO cases and 38 controls, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and a hypergeometric test for assessing significant overlap between genes implicated in nsCPO pathobiology and genes enriched in ultra-rare variants in our cohort. GSEA highlighted an enrichment of ultra-rare variants in genes principally belonging to cytoskeletal protein binding pathway (Probability Density Function corrected p-value = 1.57 × 10−4); protein-containing complex binding pathway (p-value = 1.06 × 10−2); cell adhesion molecule binding pathway (p-value = 1.24 × 10−2); ECM-receptor interaction pathway (p-value = 1.69 × 10−2); and in the Integrin signaling pathway (p-value = 1.28 × 10−2). Two genes implicated in nsCPO pathobiology, namely COL2A1 and GLI3, ranked among the genes (n = 34) with nominal enrichment in the ultra-rare variant collapsing analysis (Fisher’s exact test p-value < 0.05). These genes were also part of an independent list of genes highly relevant to nsCPO biology (n = 25). Significant overlap between the two sets of genes (hypergeometric test p-value = 5.86 × 10−3) indicated that enriched genes are likely to be implicated in physiological palate development and/or the pathological processes of oral clefting. In conclusion, ultra-rare variants collectively impinge on biological pathways crucial to nsCPO pathobiology and point to candidate genes that may contribute to the individual risk of disease. Sequencing can be an effective approach to identify candidate genes and pathways for nsCPO.
Anti-money laundering regulations’ effectiveness in ensuring banking sector stability: Evidence of Western Balkan

Abstract The paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the effectiveness of anti-money laundering (AML) regulations in measuring banking sector stability in Western Balkan countries, as well as to explore the possibility of enhancing banking sector policy and performance. The study employs a quantitative methodology created on secondary data from 2012 to 2021. The data analysis methodology incorporates static and dynamic approaches to examine the banking sector stability using OLS and 2SLS. The results of the study show that the tight implementation of both approaches has a positive and statistically significant impact on the banking sector stability ( ). The value of the paper is unique in that it applies the most recent data in this field for Western Balkans countries, and it brings benefits for a better understanding of the effectiveness of regulations. The research will encourage fruitful discussion among policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and financial institution executives.
Strong consistency of sample path derivative estimates

Easily verified conditions for strong consistency of infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) derivative estimates for discrete-event systems are established. Modeling the system as a generalized semi-Markov process (GSMP), one can formulate the IPA derivative estimate as a reward functional on an augmented process which is defined on the original GSMP. Conditions are given under which regeneration of the GSMP implies regeneration of this augmented process. Standard moment assumptions (on the GSMP) along with other easily checked conditions then imply strong consistency. <<ETX>>
Ascorbic acid, pigments, anti-nutritional factors, and nutraceutical potential of Anacardium occidentale fruits as affected by temperature

ABSTRACT Cashew tree has two parts of food industry and nutrition interest, i.e the nut and the juicy apple. This study aimed to carry out a phytochemical characterization, determine the antioxidant properties and evaluate the influence of temperature on the phytonutrient composition of cashew fruits. The contents of ascorbic acids, phytates, and tannins, of various pigments were determined. Antioxidant activities were determined by four methods using standard methods. The apples presented the best antioxidant activities for FRAP, SOD, and LPO 98.54 ± 5.48, 834.12 ± 13.47, and 84.9 ± 4.15, respectively; while walnuts showed the best antioxidant activities for free radical scavenging which was 26.14 ± 3.21. Tannin, phytate, and anthocyanin contents decreased by more than 50% when increasing temperatures between 50 and 100°C. Ascorbic acid tends to disappear completely in fruit at temperatures of 100°C. Extractable lycopene increased by about 25% with increasing temperature. β-carotene was found to be insensitive to temperature increase. These results provide valuable information that can help in the control of cashew fruit processing in the food industry. They also provide important information on the nutraceutical potential of cashew fruit.
On a Surge: Properties of an Emerging Flux Region

A surge event with multi-instrument and multiwavelength observations is presented. The event occurred in a surge-productive region on 2001 August 30. TRACE white-light images, Huairou vector magnetograms, and Hβ filtergrams show that this surge was closely associated with new bipoles that emerged in 1 hr. Evidence of enhanced magnetic cancellation is revealed at the footpoints of the surge where a simultaneous surge flare is shown in the Hβ line. In particular, the interesting observational results for this surge are that (1) the surge was associated with pronounced photospheric bright points near the emerging spots; (2) in vector magnetograms, during the surge ascending period, reliable transverse fields appeared between the emerging flux and the ambient fields cancelled at the base of the surge, and these fresh transverse fields disappeared after 20 minutes; (3) the preceding spots of the emerged bipoles almost disappeared in white-light images when the surge activity stopped; and (4) the TRACE UV (1550 Å) channel showed a bright surge (~105 K) well correlated with the dark Hβ surge (~103-104 K). The UV surge had a bright spike shape and spouted out along the outer edges of the Hβ surge. Similarly, the bright components in TRACE EUV (~106 K) were also located at the edges of the Hβ surge. Both the SOHO/EIT and Yohkoh/SXT observations demonstrate that the jet plasma was ejected from one footpoint of a flaring coronal loop identified during the surge. We estimate the magnetic energy released from the site of the magnetic cancellation, the kinetic energy of the surge, and the thermal energy for the loop brightening in SXR, finding that the magnetic reconnection could supply enough energy for the surge activities and the coronal loop heating. For this surge, all the correlated phenomena in multiwavelengths (Hβ, white light, UV, EUV, and SXR) are in good temporal and spatial relationship. These facts support a magnetic reconnection model in which surges originate in the low atmosphere. Moreover, low-altitude magnetic reconnections can result in the magnetic cancellation observed on the photosphere.
Flying through extratropical cyclone Friedhelm

On 8 December 2011, Cyclone Friedhelm, an explosively deepening cyclone, passed across the UK, causing exceptionally strong winds over Scotland and strong winds over much of the UK. A research flight through this intense cyclone was undertaken as part of the DIAMET project. This article gives an account of the flight as experienced by the authors, who were aboard the aircraft. We describe the objectives of the flight and the measurements obtained, and use photographs taken during the flight to illustrate the cloud structures observed.