Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytological studies of sporophytic and gametophytic generation of two bulbaceous species Ledebouria revoluta and Drimiopsis botryoides (Asparagaceae)

Abstract Detailed cytological characteristics of both sporophytic as well as gametophytic generation of two bulbaceous species, Ledebouria revoluta and Drimiopsis botryoides, were studied by investigating together pollen mitosis and root tip mitosis along with meiosis. A comparative study showed there was no significant difference between chromosome characteristics of haploid and diploid plants. The chromosome number of L. revoluta was 2n = 30 (in root tip) and n = 15 (in pollen) and that of D. botryoides was 2n = 66 (in root tip) and n = 33 (in pollen). Both genera have a monomodal chromosome with gradual decreases in size from the longest, 6.79 μm, to the shortest, 1.50 μm, in L. revoluta, and 9.65 to 1.55 μm in D. botryoides. The karyotypic formula of L. revoluta was 20m + 10sm and D. botryoides was 30m + 14sm + 16 st + 6t. All the meiotic events were found to be normal in both genera and a clear 15 and 33 bivalents were observed in L. revoluta and D. botryoides accordingly. Very few meiotic abnormalities were observed in L. revoluta (about 2.4%); a comparatively higher percentage (nearly 7.9%) of abnormalities were observed in D. botryoides in the form of laggard, bridge, chromosome stickiness, early or late anaphasic movement, etc. However, the ultimate product of meiosis, i.e. microspores/pollens, are normal with an expected haploid chromosome number (n = 15 and 33 accordingly). Overall, L. revoluta is karyotypically less asymmetrical with a lower chromosome number than D. botryoides, indicating that D. botryoides is evolutionarily more advanced than L. revoluta.
The Effect of Aquatic O₂ Levels on Diving and Ventilatory Behavior in Soft-Shelled (Trionyx spiniferus), Stinkpot (Sternotherus odoratus), and Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum)

Diving and ventilatory behavior were observed in three species of bimodally breathing turtles: Trionyx spiniferus, Sternotherus odoratus, and Kinosternon subrubrum. These turtles have high, intermediate, and low reliances on aquatic gas exchange, respectively. Turtles with access to normoxic air were filmed in normoxic, hypoxic, and hyperoxic water. Ninety percent of all dives were shorter than 20 min. Despite differences in the partitioning of respiratory gas exchange, dive duration in normoxia did not differ among species. Dive duration was directly proportional to aquatic PO₂ in soft-shells and independent of aquatic PO₂ in mud turtles. Stinkpots had consistently but not significantly shorter dives in normoxia. Aquatic PO₂ had no effect on the ventilation patterns of soft-shells. Regardless of PO₂, soft-shells typically engaged in one breathing bout, during which one breath was taken, per emersion period. Stinkpots and mud turtles underwent more bouts ofbreathingper emersion period and took more breaths per breathing bout than did soft-shells. Stinkpots in normoxia took more breaths than in hypoxia or hyperoxia, while mud turtles showed no response to aquatic PO₂. These results agree with previous research that found soft-shells to be the least reliant of the three species on aerial respiration. These results also indicate that aquatic PO₂ is an important factor in the regulation of diving and ventilatory behavior in at least some bimodally breathing turtles.
Synthetic Crosshole Tomography Studies of Bridge Foundation Sites in Karst Terrane

Seismic crosshole tomography systems for characterization of the subsurface at bridge sites in mantled karst terrane were evaluated in this study. There is great need for a reliable testing method to map competent rock and estimate pile tip elevations during design of a structure. Prior to conduct and detailed analysis of crosshole tests at actual bridge sites in karst, important “synthetic model” investigations were first undertaken. For purposes herein, “synthetic models” refer to earth models whose velocity profile is assumed or known a priori. The synthetic model studies conducted indicate that the crosshole system is capable of accurately identifying and delineating horizontal and slanted layer interfaces, and that the method can produce valuable information for subsurface profiles that include dropping and pinnacled interfaces, and anomalies such as boulders or cavities. Based upon these findings, it can be concluded that seismic crosshole appears to be technically feasible for developing basic layer structure and top of rock profile in karst terrane.
ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION BETWEEN SCORES OF PERFORMANCE FACTORS IN CROSS-COUNTRY SKIERS OBTAINED BY VARIOUS METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF WEIGHTS IN EXPERT MODELLING ANALIZA POVEZANOSTI OCEN DEJAVNIKOV USPEŠNOSTI SMUČARJEV TEKAČEV DOBLJENIH NA PODLAGI RAZLIČNIH METOD DOLOČANJA UTEŽI PRI EKSPERTNEM MODEL

In the research, two universal reduced models of potential competition performance in cross-country skiing were constructed. The MMPS model covers the motor, morphological, psychological, and sociological subspace of the psychosomatic status of competitors, while in the MFMPS model, a functional subspace has also been added. Within both models, we wanted to establish a degree of correlation between the scores of some important levels of psychosomatic status obtained by the SMMS procedure of expert modelling by the method of dependent and independent determination of weights. On a sample of 14 competitors (older juniors) the agreement between the scores of variables obtained by the two different methods of weight determination was established. We found that the final score of both models (URMPU) is highly correlated with their subspaces, except with the sociological one. The degree of interrelations between individual subspaces varies; however, the highest correlation exists between the motor and psychological subspaces in the method of dependent determination of weights. Both methods of determination of weights are in a statistically highly significant agreement. Somewhat better and more predictive results are yielded by the method of dependent determination of weights, while the utility of the method of independent determination of weights is larger.
Research report Functional connectivity with anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices during decision-making

Recent neuroscience research is beginning to discover the brain regions involved in decision-making under uncertainty, but little is known about whether or how these regions functionally interact with each other. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine both changes in overall activity and changes in functional connectivity during risk-taking. Results showed that choosing high-risk over low-risk decisions was associated with increased activity in both anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices. Connectivity analyses revealed that largely distinct, but somewhat overlapping, cortical and subcortical regions exhibited significant functional connectivity with anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices. Additionally, connectivity with the anterior cingulate in some regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, was modulated by the decision participants chose. These findings (1) elucidate large networks of brain regions that are functionally connected with both anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices during decision-making and (2) demonstrate that the roles of orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices can be functionally differentiated by examining patterns of connectivity. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Theme: Neural basis of behavior Topic: Motivation and emotion
The Geographical Mobility of Unemployed Workers: Evidence from West Germany

Using a competing-risk framework of exiting unemployment to jobs in a local or a distant labor market area, this paper investigates whether unemployed individuals in West Germany choose search strategies that favor migrating out of declining regions. Moreover, the paper investigates how such search strategies are affected by the local accommodation of labor market programs. Such programs have been suggested to lead to a regional locking-in effect. Empirical results are obtained from a stratified Cox partial likelihood proportional hazards model that allows for location-specific fixed effects and are compared to estimates from a parametric log-logistic hazard model that takes account of unobserved individual heterogeneity. The findings indicate that unemployed in West Germany are responsive to local labor market conditions and are more likely to leave regions with unfavorable re-employment opportunities. No locking-in effect from labor market programs is found. The probability of migration is found to increase with search time.
High household infestation rates by synanthropic vectors of Chagas disease in southern Ecuador.

Entomological surveys were conducted in five rural communities (138 domiciliary units [DUs]) in the southern Andes of Ecuador. Adobe walls and ceramic tile roofs were predominant construction materials. A 35% house infestation rate with Panstrongylus chinai (Del Ponte, 1929) (0.7%), Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Champion, 1899) (0.7%), Rhodnius ecuadoriensis (Lent & Leon, 1958) (27%), and/or Triatoma carrioni (Larrousse, 1926) (7%) was found. Adults and nymphs of R. ecuadoriensis and T. carrioni were found in intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary areas. Breeding triatomine colonies were present in 85% of infested DUs, and the average insect crowding was 52 ± 113 triatomine bugs per infested house. T. cruzi-like organisms were found by microscopic examination in the feces or hindgut but not the salivary glands of 4% of examined R. ecuadoriensis and 12% T. carrioni. Serological tests detected a general anti-T. cruzi antibody seroprevalence of 3.9% (n = 1136). Only 2% of individuals had heard of Chagas disease, and although triatomines were reported as a major nuisance by the population they were not considered vectors of disease. Additional baseline field research is needed for the design and implementation of a Chagas disease control program in the region.
Prevalence and correlation of symptoms and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The COVID-19 affected millions of people, and the patients present a constellation of symptoms and comorbidities. We aimed to chronicle the prevalence and correlations of symptoms and comorbidities, and associated covariates among the patients. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis [PROSPERO registration: CRD42020182677]. Databases [PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, WHO, Semantic Scholar, and COVID-19 Primer] were searched for clinical studies published in English from January 1 to April 20, 2020. The pooled prevalence of symptoms and comorbidities were identified using the random effect model, and sub-groups analysis of patients age and locations were investigated. A multivariable factor analysis was also performed to show the correlation among symptoms, comorbidities and age of the COVID-19 patients. Findings: Twenty-nine articles [China (24); Outside of China (5)], with 4,884 COVID-19 patients were included in this systematic review. The meta-analysis investigated 33 symptoms, where fever [84%], cough/dry cough [61%], and fatigue/weakness [42%] were found frequent. Out of 43 comorbidities investigated, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [61%] was a common condition, followed by hypertension [23%] and diabetes [12%]. According to the patients age, the prevalence of symptoms like fatigue/weakness, dyspnea/shortness of breath, and anorexia were highly prevalent in older adults [[≥]50 years] than younger adults [<50 years]. Diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and COPD/lung disease were more prevalent comorbidities in older adults than younger adults. The patients from outside of China had significantly higher prevalence [p<0.005] of diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, sore throat, and dyspnea, and the prevalent comorbidities in that region were diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and ARDS. The multivariable factor analysis showed positive association between a group of symptoms and comorbidities, and with the patients age. Interpretation: Epitomizing the correlation of symptoms of COVID-19 with comorbidities and patients age would help clinicians effectively manage the patients.
Chemical Investigation of the Constitutive Phenolics of Ailanthus altissima ; The Structure of a New Flavone Glycoside Gallate

The aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of Atlanthus altissima was found to contain the new natural product, luteolin 7-O-β-(6$quot;-galloylglucopyranoside), 13, along with fourteen known phenalic metabolites (1-12, 14 and 15). Structures of all compounds (1-15) were established by conventional methods of analysis anti confirmed by FAB-MS, ¹H-and ^(13)C-NMR spectral analysis.
Context in multi-lingual tone and pitch accent recognition

Tone and intonation play a crucial role across many languages. However, the use and structure of tone varies widely, ranging from lexical tone which determines word identity to pitch accent signalling information status. In this paper, we employ a uniform representation of acoustic features for recognition of both Mandarin tone and English pitch accent. The representation captures both local tone height and shape as well as contextual coarticulatory and phrasal influences. By exploiting multiclass Support Vector Machines as a discriminative classifier, we achieve competitive rates of tone and pitch accent recognition. We further demonstrate the greater importance of modeling preceding local context, which yields up to 24% reduction in error over modeling the following context.
Effects of Some Treatments on the Yield and the Nutritive Value of Lucerne Leaf Protein Concentrate

Du Puits種のルーサンを用い,搾汁液から緑葉蛋白質濃縮物(LPC)を熱凝固させる際の塩酸添加および凝固物のエタノール洗滌が,LPCの収量及び栄養価に及ぼす影響について検討した. 動物は鶏ヒナおよびラットを用い,ルーサンLPCのほかに対照蛋白質として,酸およびアルコール無処理のラジノクローバーLPC,カゼイン及び大豆粕を供試し,これらのいずれか一つを単一蛋白質源とする粕蛋白質含量10%の飼料を調製し,給与した. なお,カゼイン飼料以外にはDL-メチオニンを0. 4%添加した. 無処理ルーサンLPCの栄養価は,ラットにおいては,大豆粕およびカゼインより低かったがラジノクローバーLPCとほぼ等しく,正常と認められた. しかしヒナにおいては異常に低かった. 酸処理LPCは,無処理に比し,収量が20%高く,ラットによる利用性にも差がなかったが,ヒナに対する栄養価はさらに低かった. アルコール処理により,酸処理の有無に関係なく,ラットの場合は大豆粕およびカゼインと等しい増体量およびラジノクローバーLPCより有意に高い栄養価を示し,ヒナの場合も大豆粕には劣るがラジノクローバーLPCよりやや優る成績を示すまで改善された. しかし,LPC収量は,酸およびアルコール処理がアルコール処理のみの場合よりすぐれ,無処理と等しい成績を示した. アルコール洗滌効果について検討を加えた結果,ヒナに対する効果はMedicagenic acidの除去によるものであり,ラットに対する効果はLPC中のリジン構成比の上昇にもとずくものと推定された.
Effects of salinity on nitrate, total nitrogen, soluble protein and free amino add levels in tomato plants

The effects of salinity on nitrogen compounds were studied in three tomato (L. esc- ulentum Mill.) genotypes of different salt tolerance. The plants were grown under controlled conditions, and the salt treatments (0, 70 and 140 raM NaCl) were applied for three (Harvest 1) and ten (Harvest 2) weeks. The effects of salinity on total N and particularly N03 concentrations depended partly on the NaCl level and duration of the stress, but mainly on the different degrees of salt tolerance of the genotypes. In Harvest 1, the most tolerant genotype (GC-72) showed the highest N03 increase in the roots and no decreases in stem and leaf with increasing salinity; the intermediate-tolerant genotype (P-73) showed a similar response to that of GC-72 only at 70 mM NaCl. However, the most sensitive genotype (Volgogradskij) showed the greatest reductions in stem and leaf N03 concentrations with salinity. With longer durations of stress the different responses between the more tolerant genotypes were less evident; only Volgo.
Studies on Monogenetic Trematodes. XXXVIII. Ancyrocephalinae from South America with the Proposal of Jainus gen. n.

Jainus gen. n. is proposed and the following new species of Ancyrocephalinae are described from Brazil: Jainus jainus from Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, J. robustus from Creatochanes af/inis (Gunther), Unilatus brittani from Plecostomus sp. , Urocleidoides affinis from Creatochanes af/inis, U. carapus and U. gymnotus from Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, U. microstomus from Hermigrammrus mnicrostomus Durbin, U. stictus from Hyphessobrycon stictus Durbin, and U. virescens from Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes). Unilatus unilatus Mizelle and Kritsky, 1967, is included.
The relation between perception and behavior or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit

The authors tested and confirmed the hypothesis that priming a stereotype or trait leads to complex overt behavior in line with this activated stereotype or trait. Specifically, 4 experiments established that priming the stereotype of professors or the trait intelligent enhanced participants' performance on a scale measuring general knowledge. Also, priming the stereotype of soccer hooligans or the trait stupid reduced participants' performance on a general knowledge scale. Results of the experiments revealed (a) that prolonged priming leads to more pronounced behavioral effects and (b) that there is no sign of decay of the effects for at least 15 min. The authors explain their results by claiming that perception has a direct and pervasive impact on overt behavior (cf. J. A. Bargh, M. Chen, & L. Burrows, 1996). Implications for human social behavior are discussed.
Two new species of the family Galumnellidae (Acari: Oribatida) from India

Two new galumnellid mites, Galumnella parageographica n. sp. and Porogalumnella microsetosa n. sp. , are described from Indian soils. Galumnella parageographica n. sp. is morphologically most similar to G. geographica Mahunka, 1995 from Malaysia, from which it differs by tuberculated pteromorphs, the presence of a median pore on the notogaster and monodactylous legs. Porogalumnella microsetosa n. sp. is morphologically most similar to P. reducta Mahunka, 1995 from Malaysia, from which it differs by the presence of polygonal ornamentation in the anogenital region and nearly smooth sensilli. An identification key to the known species of Porogalumnella is provided.
Effects on Calcium Regulatory Proteins, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, and Triiodothyronine

Utilizing a model of chronic doxorubicin cardiomyopathy, this study examines the relationship between changes in expression and function of calcium handling proteins and contractile dysfunction. A possible mechanism to account for this relationship is suggested. New Zealand white rabbits were injected with either doxorubicin (1 mg/kg, twice weekly for 8 wk) or 0.9% NaCl. Gene transcript, protein levels, and the function of several proteins from the left ventricle were assessed. Protein levels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ transporting ATPase (SERCA2a and b), Ca 2+ release channel (RYR2), calsequestrin, Na/Ca exchanger, mRNA levels of RYR2, and [ 3 H]-ryanodine binding (Bmax) to RYR2 were significantly decreased in doxorubicin-treated rabbits; protein levels of phospholamban, dihydropyridine receptor 2 subunit, and SR Ca 2+ loading rates were not decreased. However, only protein levels of SERCA2 and RYR2, mRNA levels of RYR2, and Bmax of RYR2 significantly regressed with left-ventricular fractional shortening. Analysis of contractile function of atrial preparations isolated from doxorubicin-treated rabbits revealed that doxorubicin diminished contractility (dF/dt) of rest-potentiated contractions consistent with SR dysfunction. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (T3) decreased in doxorubicin-treated rabbits. Our results suggest that chronic doxorubicin administration in the rabbit causes a SR-dependent contractile dysfunction that may result, in part, from decreased T3.
Modeling and remodeling in bone tissue

Trabecular bone is a tissue with a complex 3-dimensional structure, consisting of struts and plates, which attains its mature morphology during growth in a process called ‘modeling’. In maturity, the tissue is renewed continuously by local bone resorption and subsequent formation in a process called ‘remodeling’. Both these metabolic activities are executed by bone-resorbing osteoclastic and bone-forming osteoblastic cells. It is known that bone mass and trabecular orientation are adapted to the external forces and that alternative loading conditions lead to adaptations of the internal tissue architecture. The question is how the characteristics of external loads are sensed in the bone, and how they are translated to structural adaptation of the tissue. The time scale of the underlying processes is on the order of months or even years. This aspect makes bone a complex research topic. In this paper we discuss the application of computer simulation to investigate the remarkable adaptive processes. We describe our developments of empirical models in the past 15 years, able to predict bone adaptation to external loads from a macroscopic level towards a cell-based level, in which the most important relationships of the cellular processes are captured. The latest model explains the morphological phenomena observed in trabecular bone at a microscopic level. Accepted for publication in: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Sciences
Mycorrhiza inoculum potentials in tropical secondary succession

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae can be indispensable for establishment and growth of tree seedlings in infertile lowland wet tropical soils. Persistence of mycorrhizal fungi after disturbance, however, is problematic to assess. We used a greenhouse bioassay employing Psidium guajava L. and Allium cepa L. to estimate the most probable number of mycorrhizal fungus propagules in two Costa Rican soils (Oxic Dystropepts) with different vegetation histories. We collected soils at the La Selva Biological Station from sites in secondary forest, abandoned pasture, and plots kept bare of vegetation for four and six years. Both bioassay hosts yielded positively correlated estimates of mycorrhiza propagule numbers. Median propagule estimates per 100 gm dry soil for the pasture site are 57 and 63; these estimates significantly exceed those for the other sites which range from 0.2 to 10 for bare plots and were estimated to be 0.6 and 10 for secondary forest. These bioassay estimates are positively correlated (Pearson r = 0.66 and 0.72) with counts of whole spores in these soils, but not with counts of sporocarps, spore clusters, or the most numerous, spores apparently empty of cytoplasmic contents or parasitized. Growth of both bioassay hosts in pasture soil significantly exceeded growth in soils from the other three sites in accord with the bioassays and whole spore counts.