Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Spatial Modeling of Crop Coefficient and Biomass Production in Agroecosystems in Southeast Brazil

Sentinel-2 images at 10-m resolution were used for modeling crop coefficients and biomass production with the application of the so-called SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) and Monteith model for biomass production in an area nearby the city of Aguas de Santa Barbara, in the central-western part of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, which presents a vast agricultural landscape mosaic, to analyze the effects of the end of the recent ENSO’s (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) most active period (2016/2017) and its posteriori effects on vegetation (until early 2018). Surface albedo, temperature, net radiation, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from the main land uses were extracted to process microclimatic comparisons. Crop coefficient (dimensionless) and biomass production (kg·ha−1·day−1) ranges for the period studied were 0.92–1.35 and 22–104 kg·ha−1·day−1 (in the area occupied by sugarcane crop), 0.56–0.94 and 15–73 kg·ha−1·day−1 (pasture), 1.17–1.56 and 25–210 kg·ha−1·day−1 (silviculture), and 1.05–1.36 and 30–134 kg·ha−1·day−1 (forest). According to the spatial and temporal consistencies, and after comparison with previous point and large-scale studies with similar climatic and thermal conditions, the SAFER and Monteith modelsshowed the ability to quantify and differentiate the large-scale crop coefficients and biomass production of different land uses in the southeast Brazil region. The SAFER algorithm with Sentinel-2 images obtained crop coefficients that indicated plant growth stages and local thermohydrological conditions at a 10-m resolution. The results are important for land use, crop yield and reforestation planning, and for water management plans for actual and future water demand scenarios, and this methodology is useful for monitoring rural and water parameters, and for precision agriculture applications.
Metabolic Disorders among Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder of uncertain etiology, and is also associated with a number of metabolic perturbations. Metabolic features of different phenotypes remain debatable. Thus, the study was aimed at observing the pattern of metabolic profiles among the phenotypes of PCOS. Methods: A total of 125 reproductive-aged women were included in this cross-sectional study. Of these, 100 women with PCOS (age, mean ± SD: 23 ± 5 years; body mass index, BMI: 27.6 ± 4.6 kg/m2) diagnosed on the basis of Rotterdam criteria (divided into four phenotypes) and 25 healthy control (age, mean ± SD: 24 ± 5 years; BMI: 24.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2) were recruited. PCOS phenotypes were defined as: A (oligo-anovulation + hyperandrogenism + PCO), B (oligo-anovulation + hyperandrogenism), C (hyperandrogenism + PCO) and D (oligo-anovulation + PCO). Glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method, and lipids were measured by automated analyzer, while hormones were analyzed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Result: Frequency of PCOS phenotypes were highest for A (57%), followed by D (16%), B (14%) and C (13%). Highest value of fasting insulin was observed in phenotype A followed by D, B and C and all were higher than control. The overall frequency of Insulin Resistance (IR) was 66% and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was 44% in women with PCOS. Logistic regression showed that age ≥25 years, Waist circumference ≥80 cm, BMI≥25 kg/m2 and Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) score were associated with risk of MetS. Using IR as a dependent variable phenotype A, B, C and D were associated with 17-fold, 13-fold, 11-fold and 9-fold increased risk of developing IR compared to control. Phenotype A and B but not C or D were good predictors for MetS. Phenotype A and B had much higher risk than that of control. Conclusions: Women with PCOS have increased cardiometabolic risk compared to healthy control. Among the phenotypes, A and B have worse metabolic profiles.
The Effect of Different Irrigation Interval on Tuber Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Gaining high yield of potato is very crucial for farmer and quality also has a great impact on their production. Beside the quality and yield using the amount of irrigation also important to reduce water lose. The tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is impacted by irrigated water. This study was carried out in two respectively season (2017 and 2018) in Halabja province of Kurdistan regional of Iraq to evaluate the impact of irrigation interval on quality and tuber yield in potato cultivars. In this study there are four irrigation intervals (3,5,7 and 9 days) used by furrow irrigation method which subjected in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The potato tuber production in 3 day interval showed highest percentage also protein and starch content was recorded highest in both year of cultivation, but the abscisic acid was affected by more irrigation which in 3 day interval irrigation the rate was less than other. Also in 5 day interval irrigation the rate was acceptable because there is no significant difference in terms of tuber yield, protein and starch content if compare with 3 day interval irrigation in particular for those area faced restricted in using water irrigation.
Principles Governing the Dynamics of GABAergic Interneurons in the Barrel Cortex

Information processing in the neocortex is performed by GABAergic interneurons that are integrated with excitatory neurons into precisely structured circuits. To reveal how each neuron type shapes sensory representations, we measured spikes and membrane potential of specific types of neurons in the barrel cortex while mice performed an active, whisker-dependent object localization task. Whiskers were tracked with millisecond precision. Fast-spiking (FS) neurons were activated by touch with short latency and by whisking. FS neurons track thalamic input and provide feedforward inhibition. Somatostatin (SOM)-expressing neurons were also excited by touch, but with a delay (5 ms) compared to excitatory (E) and FS neurons. SOM neurons monitor local excitation and provide feedback inhibition. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing neurons were not driven by touch but elevated their spike rate during whisking, disinhibiting E and FS neurons. Our data reveal rules of recruitment for specific interneuron types, providing foundations for understanding cortical computations.
Centromere deletion in Cryptococcus deuterogattii leads to neocentromere formation and chromosome fusions

The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus deuterogattii is RNAi-deficient and lacks active transposons in its genome. C. deuterogattii has regional centromeres that contain only transposon relics. To investigate impact of centromere loss on the C. deuterogattii genome, either centromere 9 or 10 was deleted. Deletion of either centromere resulted in neocentromere formation and interestingly, the genes covered by these neocentromeres maintained wild-type expression levels. In contrast to cen9Δ mutants, cen10Δ mutant strains exhibited growth defects and were aneuploid for chromosome 10. At an elevated growth temperature (37°C), the cen10Δ chromosome was found to have undergone fusion with another native chromosome in some isolates and this fusion restored wild-type growth. Following chromosomal fusion, the neocentromere was inactivated, and the native centromere of the fused chromosome served as the active centromere. The neocentromere formation and chromosomal fusion events observed in this study in C. deuterogattii may be similar to events that triggered genomic changes within the Cryptococcus/Kwoniella species complex and may contribute to speciation throughout the eukaryotic domain.
Regulatory mechanisms for the axonal localization of tau in neurons

Tau is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein, which precisely localizes to the axon of a mature neuron. Although it has been widely used as an axonal marker, the mechanisms for its axonal localization have been elusive. This might be largely due to the lack of an experimental system, as exogenously expressed tau, such as GFP-tau, mis-localizes to the soma and dendrites. In this study, we found that the expression of endogenous tau and its axonal localization in cultured rat hippocampal neurons mainly occur during early neuronal development and are coupled. By mimicking this early expression, we demonstrate that exogenously expressed human tau can be properly localized to the axon, thereby providing the first experimental model to study the mechanisms of tau localization. Using this model, we obtained surprising findings that the axonal localization of tau did not require the MT-binding domain nor correlate with the MT-binding ability. Instead, we identified a transport mechanism mediated by the proline-rich region 2 (PRR2), which contains a number of important phosphorylation sites. Mimicking phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in PRR2 disrupts the axonal localization, suggesting that it is regulated by the phosphorylation state of PRR2. These results shed new lights on the mechanism for the axonal localization of tau and indicate a link between the hyperphosphorylation and mis-localization of tau observed in tauopathies. Significance statement In this paper, we present a first experimental system, in which expressed tau is properly localized to the axon, and which can therefore be used to study the mechanisms of tau localization and mis-localization. Using this system, we provide evidence that the microtubule binding domain of tau nor stable binding of tau to microtubules is not necessary for its axonal localization. Instead, we identified the proline-rich region and its phosphorylation-state dictate the localization of tau in neurons. These results provide a novel foundation to consider how axonal tau mis-localize to the soma and dendrites during early pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Effect of play at recess on diurnal fluctuations in ability to refocus cognitively in pupils aged 11–12 years

ABSTRACT We aimed to investigate the effect of play at recess on diurnal fluctuations of the ability to refocus cognitively on pupils aged 11–12 years. Twenty-seven volunteer children (age = 12 ± 0.6 years) performed two test-sessions at 09:45, 10:15, 14:45 and 15:15 h. Each two test-sessions were separated by a recess (with or without motor activity). During each session, oral temperature, the reaction time (RT) and constant attention (CA) were measured. The results demonstrated that Δ-changes in core temperature, CA and RT demonstrated a significant effect of type of activity, no significant effect of time of day and no significant interaction between the type of activity and the time of day. Therefore, play at recess improves the children’s abilities to regenerate cognitive performance independent of the time of the day.
Perceptions and Opinions of Patients About Mental Health Chatbots: Scoping Review

Background Chatbots have been used in the last decade to improve access to mental health care services. Perceptions and opinions of patients influence the adoption of chatbots for health care. Many studies have been conducted to assess the perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no review of the evidence surrounding perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots. Objective This study aims to conduct a scoping review of the perceptions and opinions of patients about chatbots for mental health. Methods The scoping review was carried out in line with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Studies were identified by searching 8 electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE and Embase) in addition to conducting backward and forward reference list checking of the included studies and relevant reviews. In total, 2 reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data from the included studies. Data were synthesized using thematic analysis. Results Of 1072 citations retrieved, 37 unique studies were included in the review. The thematic analysis generated 10 themes from the findings of the studies: usefulness, ease of use, responsiveness, understandability, acceptability, attractiveness, trustworthiness, enjoyability, content, and comparisons. Conclusions The results demonstrated overall positive perceptions and opinions of patients about chatbots for mental health. Important issues to be addressed in the future are the linguistic capabilities of the chatbots: they have to be able to deal adequately with unexpected user input, provide high-quality responses, and have to show high variability in responses. To be useful for clinical practice, we have to find ways to harmonize chatbot content with individual treatment recommendations, that is, a personalization of chatbot conversations is required.
Influence of temperature, humidity duration and growth stage on the infection and mycotoxin production by Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium poae in oats

High occurrence of Fusarium poae (FP) and Fusarium langsethiae (FL) and their mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and T‐2/HT‐2 have been observed in Swiss oats. Early prediction of mycotoxin levels is important for farmers and the cereal industry to minimize the risk of contaminated food and feed. Therefore, climate chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different temperatures (10, 15, 20 °C) and durations (4, 8, 12 h) at 99% relative humidity (RH) on the infection of oats with FP and FL. In addition, to discover the most susceptible period of oats, artificial FL inoculations were conducted at different growth stages. Field experiments were performed to observe the dispersal of these fungal species within the field and to investigate the weather conditions that influence the dispersal. The climate chamber experiments revealed higher contamination with NIV and T‐2/HT‐2 in the 10 °C treatments and with a prolonged humidity duration of 12 h 99% RH. Inoculations of oat plants at early (DC 61) and mid (DC 65) anthesis, led to higher FL infection and T‐2/HT‐2 accumulation in the grains compared with treatments at earlier growth stages, which might be due to an increased susceptibility during anthesis. No indication for spore dispersal was observed in the field experiments. The results obtained, together with the cropping factors that influence infection and mycotoxin production, could be used as a first step in developing forecasting models to predict the contamination of oats with the mycotoxins NIV and T‐2/HT‐2.
Effect of strain and pre-incubation storage period on the hatchability and embryonic mortality in Turkey

A study was conducted to determine the effect of strain and pre-incubation storage period on the hatchability and embryonic mortality in turkey. A total of 1345 eggs of Beltsville Small White, Nandanam Turkey - 1 and Desi turkey at 38 weeks of age were stored at 15O-18 OC and 75% RH for 0-7 days. Optimum incubational conditions were maintained throughout the incubation period. The results revealed that the strain had a significant (P
Fitness consequences of redundant cues of competition in male D. melanogaster

Phenotypic plasticity can allow animals to adapt their behaviour, such as their mating effort, to their social and sexual environment. However, this relies on the individual receiving accurate and reliable cues of the environmental conditions. This can be achieved via the receipt of multi-component cues, which may provide redundancy and robustness. Male Drosophila melanogaster detect presence of rivals via combinations of any two or more redundant cue components (sound, smell and touch) and respond by extending their subsequent mating duration, which is associated with higher reproductive success. Although alternative combinations of cues of rival presence have previously been found to elicit equivalent increases in mating duration and offspring production, their redundancy in securing success under sperm competition has not previously been tested. Here, we explicitly test this by exposing male D. melanogaster to alternative combinations of rival cues and examining reproductive success in both the presence and absence of sperm competition. The results supported previous findings of redundancy of cues in terms of behavioural responses. However, there was no evidence of reproductive benefits accrued by extending mating duration in response to rivals. The lack of identifiable fitness benefits of longer mating under these conditions, both in the presence and absence of sperm competition, contrasted with some previous results, but could be explained by: 1) damage sustained from aggressive interactions with rivals leading to reduced ability to increase ejaculate investment, 2) presence of features of the social environment, such as male and female mating status, that obscured the fitness benefits of longer mating, 3) decoupling of behavioural investment with fitness benefits.
Factors affecting home cooking behavior of women with elementary school children applying the theory of planned behavior

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine factors affecting cooking behavior at home. We examined components of the theory of planned behavior, perception of cooking skills, and socio-demographic variables affecting cooking behavior at home. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study sample included 425 women raising elementary school children living in South Korea. They responded to an online structured questionnaire. The variables affecting cooking behavior at home were assessed using hierarchical regression analysis. RESULTS The frequency of cooking behavior at home was 14.1 meals per week. Most respondents showed an intention regarding cooking behavior. The average score for attitude toward cooking behavior at home was 15.1 points (scale of 1 to 25). Attitude and cooking behavior showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.22). The subjective norm was 14.6 points (scale of 1 to 25). The subjective norm showed a significant correlation with cooking behavior (P < 0.01, r = 0.18). The control belief was 2.8 points (scale of 1 to 5). The control belief and cooking behavior showed a significant correlation in all questions (P < 0.01, r = 0.25). The subjects were significant confident about their cooking skills, except for Kimchi. Perception of cooking skills showed a significant correlation with all questions concerning cooking behavior (P < 0.01, r = 0.30). Significant variables for predicting intention regarding cooking behavior were perception of cooking skills, employment status, income, and attitude. Significant variables for predicting cooking behavior were employment status, income, control belief, number of children, and behavioral intention. CONCLUSIONS In order to provide nutrition education to increase cooking behavior at home, it is necessary to have a positive attitude toward cooking behavior, increase control belief, and improve confidence related to cooking skills. Moreover, differentiated education based on the employment status of women is needed.
TESTING FOR ASSEMBLY RULES ALONG DISTURBANCE GRADIENTS IN A RIPARIAN BROADLEAVED FOREST

Riparian habitats often represent highly disturbed sites with relaxed competitive plant integrations and increased resource supply, which frequently lead to promoted colonization of alien and invasive plant species. Unfortunately, there is a knowledge gap about the assembling mechanisms that govern vegetation structure and composition along disturbance gradients. This study tried to answer the question if riparian vegetation assembling is governed by abiotic or biotic forces, as well as whether the strength and nature of assembling mechanisms change along local disturbance gradients. We used species-based approach in which species data of sampled vegetation were compared with a null model assuming random organization. The resulting variance ratios were regressed on the local flooding and logging disturbance gradients. We found that the studied riparian vegetation is dominated by abiotic assembling rules. Their nature did not change along the two disturbance gradients, but their strength did. It seems that the overwhelming factor that rules the riparian vegetation structure and composition in the area is the periodical flooding from the nearby river. It is most prominent in most frequently flooded habitats, then it slowly decays towards the more distant uplands. Its influence is so powerful that it can overshadow other potential assembling factors, and can promote the establishment of native and exotic (including invasive) species. Perhaps, the biotic filter never plays a significant role in the assembling of this highly disturbed and dynamic vegetation. In order to stop further colonization and to preserve these valuable sites from degradation, additional human-induced disturbances should be completely restricted, and natural ones be kept in its historical range. These findings should not be overlooked in the prospective management activities anymore, but should be incorporated in future action plans. Only then, we can hope that these ecosystems could be conserved at their current state for the upcoming generations.