Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hilbert-Huang processing and analysis of complex fringe patterns

Single-frame fringe pattern processing and analysis is an important task of optical interferometry, structural illumination and moiré techniques. In this contribution we present several algorithmic solutions based on the notion of Hilbert-Huang transform consisting of empirical mode decomposition algorithm and Hilbert spectral analysis. EMD adaptively dissects a meaningful number of intrinsic mode functions from the analyzed pattern. Appropriately managing this set of functions results in a powerful fringe processing tool. We describe in detail especially tailored manners proposed to extend the EMD algorithm to 2D and perform Hilbert-transform-aided efficient fringe pattern denoising, detrending and amplitude/phase demodulation.
A quasiarticulatory speech synthesizer for German language running in real time

A system for simple quasiarticulatory speech synthesis is described. It is based on an articulatory model, which is controlled by seven parameters. The synthesizer employs a stylized vocal tract model that is realized using wave digital filter techniques. It includes a self‐oscillating glottis model, voiceless excitation in the tract, damping, a nasal tract, and a radiation load that allows the simulation of lip protrusion. The synthesizer runs in real time on a signal processor. The described model was fit to natural speech using a Kalman filter algorithm. Simple rules for the synthesis of unrestricted German speech are described.
Numerical analyses of the effect of Lorentz force on electrically conducting fluid flow around an obstacle

The laminar flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid in a plane channel with a built-in square cylinder is investigated under the usual Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hypothesis. Numerical simulations are performed for Reynolds numbers less then Re = 200 in the range of 0 ≤ Ha ≤ 8. The magnetic and electric induced forces are compared to verify the validity of neglecting the induced electric field, as in many MHD studies. It is found through the calculation of reattachment length that an external magnetic field acts to decrease the size of the recirculation zone until its disappearance; when the Hartmann number exceeds a critical value Hac , a correlation between Re and Hac is proposed. Velocity profiles show that out of the recirculation zone, the basic flow is damped by the magnetic induced force, whereas flow near the walls channel is accelerated. Heat transfer is significantly enhanced by the magnetic field when the working fluid is of high Prandtl number.
Evolution of Supernova Remnant Bubbles in a Warm Diffuse Medium: Survey of Results from One-dimensional Models and Their Impact on Estimates of Interstellar Porosity

With straightforward modeling of the late evolution of supernova remnants, including a modest nonthermal contribution to the pressure in the preshock (ambient) gas, we demonstrate that in the solar neighborhood: 1. the porosity induced by the remnant population in a warm intercloud medium (n∼0.15 cm −3 ) would not be large (q≤0.2), and 2. the slowly cooling supernova remnant bubbles harbor large populations of the high-stage ions (O VI, N V, and C IV at least), sufficient to explain their mean densities in the galactic plane (though a comparable contribution may derive from OB association bubbles)
Rain Production in Convective Clouds As Simulated in an Axisymmetric Model with Detailed Microphysics. Part I : Description of the Model

Abstract A hydrodynamic nonhydrostatic anelastic numerical model of an axisymmetric convective cloud is described in which the microphysical processes are treated in detail for different species of hydrometeors: drops. ice crystals, graupel, and snow particles. The size distribution function for each type of particle is divided into 34 spectral bins. In each spectral category two physical moments of the distribution function (number and mass concentrations are independently calculated using the method of moments. The following physical processes are computed: nucleation of drops and ice crystals, freezing of drops, diffusional growth/evaporation of drops and ice particles, collisional coalescence of drops and ice particles, binary breakup of drops, melting of ice particles, and sedimentation. The model describes the different stages of cloud development, the formation of ice, its growth by deposition and riming, the formation of graupel, and the precipitation stage. Analysis of the distribution functions .
Steady Performance Measurements of a Turbofan Engine With Inlet Distortions Containing Co- and Counterrotating Swirl From an Intake Diffuser for Hypersonic Flight

The influence of distorted inlet flow on the steady and unsteady performance of a turbofan engine, which is a component of an air-breathing combined propulsion system for a hypersonic transport aircraft, is reported in this paper. The performance and stability of this propulsion system depend on the behavior of the turbofan engine. The complex shape of the intake duct causes inhomogeneous flow at the engine inlet plane, where total pressure and swirl distortions are present. The S-bend intakes are installed axisymmetrically left and right into the hypersonic aircraft, generating axisymmetric mirror-inverted flow patterns. Since all turbo engines of the propulsion system have the same direction of rotation, one distortion corresponds to a corotating swirl at the low pressure compressor (LPC) inlet while the mirror-inverted image counterpart represents a counterrotating swirl. Therefore the influence of the distortions on the performance and stability of the CO' and COUNTER' rotating turbo engine are different. The distortions were generated separately by an appropriate simulator at the inlet plane of a LARZAC 04 engine. The results of low-frequency measurements at different engine planes yield the relative variations of thrust and specific fuel consumption and hence the steady engine performance. High-frequency measurements were used to investigate the different influence of CO and COUNTER inlet distortions on the development of LPC instabilities.
Tauberian theorems for correlation functions and limit theorems for spherical averages of random fields

Let R be an η-dimensional Euclidean space, s(r) = {x G R: ||x|| = r} a sphere in R, and vn(r) = {x G R: ||z|| < r} be a ball in R. Let £(z), χ € R, be a real measurable square-mean continuous homogeneous isotropic Gaussian random field with E£(z) = 0, E£(z) = 1, and the correlation function Bn(r) = Bn(\\x\\) = E£(0)£(z). It is known [1] that there exists a bounded nondecreasing function Φ(λ), λ ^ 0, such that Bn(r) = 2<"->Τ j J^(Ar)(Ar)<-»>^(dA), (1)
The velocity control of an electro‐hydraulic displacement‐controlled system using adaptive fuzzy controller with self‐tuning fuzzy sliding mode compensation

Hydraulic servo control systems have been used widely in industry. Within the realm of hydraulic control systems, conventional hydraulic valve‐controlled systems have higher response and lower energy efficiency, whereas hydraulic displacement‐controlled servo systems have higher energy efficiency. This paper aims to investigate the velocity control performance of an electro‐hydraulic displacement‐controlled system (EHDCS), where the controlled hydraulic cylinder is altered by a variable displacement axial piston pump to achieve velocity control. For that, a novel adaptive fuzzy controller with self‐tuning fuzzy sliding‐mode compensation (AFC‐STFSMC) is proposed for velocity control in EHDCS. The AFC‐STFSMC approach combining adaptive fuzzy control and the self‐tuning fuzzy sliding‐mode control scheme, has the advantages of the capability of automatically adjusting the fuzzy rules and of reducing the fuzzy rules. The proposed AFC‐STFSMC scheme can design the sliding‐mode controller with no requirement on the system dynamic model, and it can be free of chattering, thereby providing stable tracking control performance and robustness against uncertainties. Moreover, the stability of the proposed scheme via the Lyapunov method is proven. Therefore, the velocity control of EHDCS controlled by AFC‐STFSMC is implemented and verified experimentally in different velocity targets and loading conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed AFC‐STFSMC method can achieve good velocity control performance and robustness in EHDCS with regard to parameter variations and external disturbance.
ABSOLUTE CONTINUITY OF SYMMETRIC DIFFUSIONS

Let X and Y be symmetric diffusion processes with a common state space, and let p m (resp. Q μ ) be the law of X (resp. Y) with its symmetry measure m (resp. μ) as initial distribution. We study the consequences of the absolute continuity condition Q μ t )1 (t < σ) . The density p also serves to link the Dirichlet forms of X and Y in a simple way. Our identification of L relies on notions of even and odd for additive functionals. These notions complement Fukushima's decomposition and the forward-backward martingale decomposition of Lyons and Zheng.
Interaction between the Geometry of the Boundary and Positive Solutions of a Semilinear Neumann Problem with Critical Nonlinearity

Abstract We consider the problem: −Δu + λu = un + 2)(n − 2, u > 0 in Ω, ∂u/∂v = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded smooth domain in R n (n ≥ 3). We show that, for λ large, least-energy solutions of the above problem have a unique maximum point Pλ on ∂Ω and the limit points of Pλ, as λ → ∞ are contained in the set of the points of maximum mean curvature. We also prove that, if ∂Ω has k peaks then the equation has at least k solutions for λ large.
Quantile regression via iterative least squares computations

We present an estimating framework for quantile regression where the usual L 1-norm objective function is replaced by its smooth parametric approximation. An exact path-following algorithm is derived, leading to the well-known ‘basic’ solutions interpolating exactly a number of observations equal to the number of parameters being estimated. We discuss briefly possible practical implications of the proposed approach, such as early stopping for large data sets, confidence intervals, and additional topics for future research.
Some Spatial Characteristics of Drought Duration in the United States

Abstract By using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) as calculated from state averages of temperature and precipitation and from numerous single station analyses, it has been demonstrated that droughts (as defined by the PDSI) persist longer in the interior of the United States than in areas farther east or west. The question arises whether this is merely an artifact of the PDSI calculations, or whether there is actually more persistence of abnormally dry (wet) weather in the interior. The sensitivity of the PDSI was tested in relation to changes of derived and prescribed parameters included in the PDSI calculations in order to determine their effect on the spatial characteristics of drought duration. The sensitivity tests indicated a negligible effect. Contingency tables which use the PDSI as the predictor for the following one-month, six-month and 12-month precipitation anomalies (and also anomalies of precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) however, are generally characterized by signif.
High-resolution x-ray diffraction strain-stress analysis of GaN/sapphire heterostructures

On the basis of high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements, the strain-stress analysis of GaN/(00.1)α-Al2O3 heteroepitaxial structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy is performed. The deformation state of the heteroepitaxial structures is investigated depending on the relative content of N in the Ga1-xNx buffer layer with the given thickness (=4 nm) and growth conditions. Using the extrapolating technique, the a- and c-lattice parameters, as well as the in-plane and out-of-plane strains (of the order of -10-3 and 10-4, respectively) are determined for GaN epilayers from θ-2θ x-ray diffraction spectra. For GaN epilayers, both the biaxial in-plane and in-depth strains (of the order of -10-3 and 10-3, respectively) and the hydrostatic strain component (of the order of -10-4) are extracted from the measured strains. It is supposed that the hydrostatic strain in the epilayers is caused by native point defects. The maximal level for the biaxial stress in the GaN epilayer, -1.3 GPa, is achieved for the sample with a relative content, x = 0.377, of N in the Ga1-xNx buffer layer.
Littlewood-Paley and multiplier theorems on weighted ^{} spaces

The Littlewood-Paley operator y(f), for functions f defined on RX, is shown to be a bounded operator on certain weighted LP spaces. The weights satisfy an AP condition over the class of all n-dimensional rectangles with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. The necessity of this class of weights demonstrates the 1-dimensional nature of the operator. Results for multipliers are derived, including weighted versions of the Marcinkiewicz Multiplier Theorem and Hormander's Multiplier Theorem.
Interaction of the Monsoon and Pacific Trade Wind System at Interannual Time Scales. Part III: A Partial Anatomy of the Southern Oscillation

Abstract Studies of surface wind fields, sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation and sea level pressure in the tropical band extending ±30° of the equator from Africa to South America led to the following conclusions. The Southern Oscillation, El Niflo, and climatic variations in the Monsoon System are all part of one global scale phenomenon. The new information is that this phenomenon appears in the sea level pressure field to have a strong propagating component that appears first in the northern Indian Ocean and moves eastwardinto the eastern Pacific. Similar propagation of information was found in the surface wind field and equatorial precipitation regimes. These same conditions were amply demonstrated during the 1982-83 event and so it may be concluded that the evolution of that event bears many similarities to those in the historical record studies referred to in this paper. In the surface wind field of the equatorial wave guide, the large-scale signal appears to take the form of a forced Kelvin.
Integrated Partial Sufficient Dimension Reduction with Heavily Unbalanced Categorical Predictors

In this paper, we propose an approach to conduct partial sufficient dimension reduction with heavily unbalanced categorical predictors. For this, we consider integrated categorical predictors and investigate certain conditions that the integrated categorical predictor is fully informative to partial sufficient dimension reduction. For illustration, the proposed approach is implemented on optimal partial sliced inverse regression in simulation and data analysis.
Mesoscale and microscale structure of cirrus clouds - Three case studies

Abstract The structure and composition of three basic cirrus cloud types are examined through coordinated aircraft and ground-based polarization lidar and radar measurements. The cloud systems consist of a multilayered orographic cirrus, a 6-km deep cirrostratus, and a group of fibrous cirrus bands at the tropopause. The data reveal the presence of mesoscale generating regions with horizontal dimensions ranging from ∼15 km in narrow cloud bands up to ∼100 km in cirrostratus. These generating regions appear to be composed of complexes of much smaller convective structures, presumably on the ∼1-km scale of cirrus uncinus cells, and so are termed Mesoscale Uncinus Complexes (MUC). Accumulations of ice particles within cirrus, commonly referred to as precipitation trails, are associated with generating regions at or near cloud tops, but are also created by the local production of ice crystals within embedded convective impulses. Supercooled cloud droplets large enough to be detected by aircraft probes (≳5 μm .
Orthogonal rational matrix‐valued functions on the unit circle: Recurrence relations and a Favard‐type theorem

This paper contains further steps towards a Szegö theory for orthogonal rational matrix‐valued functions on the unit circle 𝕋. It continues the investigations started in [18]–[20]. Hereby we are guided by former work of Bultheel, González–Vera, Hendriksen, and Njåstad on scalar orthogonal rational functions on the one side and by research of Delsarte, Genin, and Kamp on matrix polynomials on the other side. In this paper we derive recursion formulas for Christoffel–Darboux pairs of rational matrix functions which lead us to jqq ‐recursively connected pairs of rational matrix functions. Moreover, we prove a Favard‐type theorem for rational matrix functions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Fundamental Group of Open Manifolds with Nonnegative Ricci Curvature

The authors improve the uniform estimates for the distance to halfway points of mininal geodesics in terms of the distance to end points on some types of Riemannian manifolds, and then prove a theorem about the finite generation of fundamental group of Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature which supports the famous Milnor conjecture more strongly.
Cobalt nanoclusters in silica glass: Nonlinear optical and magnetic properties

Fused silica plates were implanted with Co ions at room temperature at the energy of 50 keV and to the fluence of 4×1016 ions cm−2. The formation of metal nanoclusters was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cluster size distribution is narrow with a mean-diameter value of about 3 nm. Atomic in-depth distribution was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, whereas the cobalt chemical state was characterized by electron spectroscopies. Nonlinear refractive index n2 is of the order of 0.2 cm2 G W−1, as determined by the Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 770 nm for 130 fs long pulses at a 76 MHz repetition rate. Zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization curves at the liquid-helium temperature exhibit features of superparamagnetic behavior that are characteristic of assemblies of single-domain nanoparticles.
Exponential upper bounds via martingales for multiplexers with Markovian arrivals

We obtain explicit upper bounds in closed form for the queue length in a slotted time FCFS queue in which the service requirement is a sum of independent Markov processes on the state space {0, 1}, with integral service rate. The bound is of the form [queue length for any where c < 1 and y > 1 are given explicitly in terms of the parameters of the model. The model can be viewed as an approximation for the burst-level component of the queue in an ATM multiplexer. We obtain heavy traffic bounds for the mean queue length and show that for typical parameters this far exceeds the mean queue length for independent arrivals at the same load. We compare our results on the mean queue length with an analytic expression for the case of unit service rate, and compare our results on the full distribution with computer simulations.
On the Role of Clouds and Moisture in Tropical Waves: A Two-Dimensional Model Study

Abstract Observations show that convective perturbations of the tropical atmosphere are associated with substantial variations of clouds and water vapor. Recent studies suggest that these variations may play an active role in the large-scale organization of the tropical atmosphere. The present study investigates that possibility by using a two-dimensional, nonrotating model that includes a set of physical parameterizations carefully evaluated against tropical data. In the absence of cloud–radiation interactions, the model spontaneously generates fast upwind (eastward) moving planetary-scale oscillations through the wind-induced surface heat exchange mechanism. In the presence of cloud–radiative effects, the model generates slower upwind (eastward) propagating modes in addition to small-scale disturbances advected downwind (westward) by the mean flow. Enhanced cloud–radiative effects further slow down upwind propagating waves and make them more prominent in the spectrum. On the other hand, the model sugges.
Phantom experiments of axial strain measurements using multidimensional autocorrelation method, multidimensional Doppler method and direct strain measurement method

Various tissue displacement vector measurement methods have been proposed by us, i.e., the multidimensional cross-spectrum phase gradient method (MCSPGM), the multidimensional autocorrelation method (MAM) and the multidimensional Doppler method (MDM). In this paper, actual measurement results obtained by MAM and MDM are reported. Specifically, for a compressed agar-graphite phantom (infinitesimally compressed, ≈0.07%; largely compressed, ≈0.7%), the measurement results for axial strain using MAM and MDM are shown and compared with those using MCSPGM, the conventional one-dimensional (1D) AM and the direct strain measurement method based on 1D AM (DSMM). Although DSMM was also developed by us in 1993, the method and the actual measurement results have not been reported elsewhere. Because the multidimensional methods can provide more accurate axial displacement measurements in real time and enable displacement vector measurement, 1D AM and DSMM might now be ineffective for practical applications.
MORPHOLOGY OF THE RED RECTANGLE PROTO-PLANETARY NEBULA

The morphology of the Red Rectangle (RR) exhibits several singular attributes. Most prominent are a series of linear features perpendicular to the symmetry axis which appear as “ladder rungs” across the nebula. At the edge of each “rung” gas seemingly flows from bright knots in a parabolic shape toward the center of the nebula. We present a new model of the RR which explains these features as a projection effect of the more common concentric arcs seen in other proto-planetary nebulae (e.g., Egg Nebula). Using the three-dimensional morpho-kinematic modeling software SHAPE, we have created a model of the RR that consists of spherical shells evacuated by a bi-conical outflow. When the symmetry axis is oriented perpendicular to the line of sight, the spherical shells become linear, thereby reproducing the “rungs” seen in the RR. When oriented at different inclinations, the linear features become spherical as observed in the Egg Nebula. The model also accurately reproduces the bright knots and the parabolic outflows from these knots that have proven difficult to explain in the past. Using this model, we are able to place a lower limit on the speed of the outflow of ∼158 km s−1.