Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruit and vegetable intake at and away from school during participation in the FIT Game

Background: The FIT Game is a multicomponent school-based incentive program aimed at increasing children’s fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. There has been no previous report on how playing the game at school influences FV intake away from school. Aim: To examine children’s (n=37) FV intake away from school while participating in the FIT Game program at school. Methods: FV intake away from school was assessed using the ASA24-Kids-2014 Dietary Assessment Tool. Paired samples t-tests and the generalized linear model repeated measures analysis of variance were used to examine the difference in children’s mean FV intake away from school. Results: During the final three days of the FIT Game intervention, we observed no change in FV consumption away from school (p=0.30). Similarly, no differences were observed between FV intake away from school before the implementation of the FIT Game and during the final three days (p=0.81). Conclusions: The FIT Game modestly decreased the children’s FV intake in a nonstatistically significant manner away from school. Our previous report showed an increase in children’s FV intake at school; thus, the net effect of the game was a significant increase in total daily FV intake.
Variation in Ontogenetic Facial Suture Fusion Patterns in Catarrhines

Timing of craniofacial suture fusion is important for the determination of demographics and primate ontogeny. There has been much work concerning the timing of fusion of calvarial sutures over the last century, but little comprehensive work focusing on facial sutures. Here we assess the relationships of facial suture fusion across ontogeny among select catarrhines. Fusion timing patterns for 5 facial sutures were examined in 1,599 crania of Homo, Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobatidae, Papio, and Macaca. Calvarial volume (early ontogeny) and dental eruption (late ontogeny) were used as indicators of stage of development. General linear models, test for homogeneity of slopes, and ANOVA were used to determine differences in timing of fusion by taxon. For calvarial volume, taxonomic groups segregated by regression slopes, with models for Homo indicating sutural fusion throughout ontogeny, Pongo, Macaca, and Papio representing earlier and more complete suture fusion, and Pan, Gorilla, and Hylobatidae indicating very early facial suture fusion. Similar patterns are observed when dental eruption is used for developmental staging. Only Gorilla and Hylobatidae are observed to, generally, fuse all facial suture sites in adulthood. Finally, Homo appears to be unique in its delay and patency of sutures into late ontogeny. The taxonomic patterns of facial suture closure identified in this study likely reflect important evolutionary shifts in facial growth and development in catarrhines.
Mobility of the forearm skeleton in the Asiatic black (Ursus thibetanus), brown (U. arctos) and polar (U. maritimus) bears

In several primates and carnivores, pronation/supination angles of the forearm skeleton were examined, and it is thought that a larger angle is useful to acquire dexterous behaviors in feeding and/or life style, including climbing. In this study, the pronation/supination angles in Asiatic black, brown and polar bears were nondestructively examined. These specimens were classified as adult or non-adult. Three or four carcasses of each group of Asiatic black and brown bears were used for CT analysis, whereas only one adult polar bear was used. The forearms were positioned within the gantry of a CT scanner in both maximally supinated and pronated states. Extracted cross-sectional CT images of two positions were superimposed by overlapping the outlines of each ulna. The centroids of the radii were detected, and then the centroid of each radius and the midpoint of a line which connects between both ends of the surface of each radius facing the ulna, were connected by lines to measure the angle of rotation as an index of pronation/supination. In adult brown and polar bears, the angles were smaller as compared with the other groups (Asiatic black and non-adult brown bears). Asiatic black and non-adult brown bears can climb trees, whereas adult brown bears and polar bears cannot. This suggests that the pronation/supination angle is related to arboreal activity in Ursidae.
The Science for Profit Model—How and why corporations influence science and the use of science in policy and practice

Science has been at the centre of attempts by major industries, including tobacco, chemical, and pharmaceutical, to delay progress in tackling threats to human and planetary health by, inter alia, obscuring industry harms, and opposing regulation. Some aspects of this influence are well documented, others remain poorly understood, and similarities between industries remain underexplored. This study, therefore, aims to synthesise the literature to develop an evidence-based typology and model of corporate influence on science in order to provide an overview of this multi-faceted phenomenon. We obtained literature examining corporate attempts to influence science and the use of science in policy and practice from: database searches, bibliographies, expert recommendations, and web alerts; using a modified scoping review methodology (n = 68). Through interpretive analysis we developed the Science for Profit Typology and Model. We identified eight corporate sectors repeatedly engaging in activities to influence science, including: manipulation of scientific methods; reshaping of criteria for establishing scientific “proof”; threats against scientists; and clandestine promotion of policy reforms that increase reliance on industry evidence. The typology identifies five macro-level strategies used consistently across the eight industries, comprising 19 meso-level strategies. The model shows how these strategies work to maximise the volume, credibility, reach, and use of industry-favourable science, while minimising these same aspects of industry-unfavourable science. This creates doubt about harms of industry products/practices or efficacy of policies affecting industry; promotes industry-favoured policy responses and industry products as solutions; and legitimises industry’s role as scientific stakeholder. These efforts ultimately serve to weaken policy, prevent litigation, and maximise use of industry products/practices—maximising corporate profitability. We provide an accessible way to understand how and why corporations influence science, demonstrate the need for collective solutions, and discuss changes needed to ensure science works in the public interest.
Multidecadal effects of fire in a grassland biodiversity hotspot: Does pyrodiversity enhance plant diversity?

Abstract Native grasslands have been vastly transformed with the expansion of human activities. Applied fire regimes offer conservation‐based management an opportunity to enhance remaining grassland biodiversity and secure its persistence into the future. Fire regimes have complex interactions with abiotic and biotic ecosystem components that influence environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity. We examined the pyrodiversity–biodiversity hypothesis, which suggests that more species are supported where pyrodiversity, that is, the level of environmental heterogeneity associated with different fire regimes, is greater. A mesocosm‐type field experiment, maintained for 38 yr, was used to determine the response of plant diversity to 1‐, 2‐, 5‐ and 12‐yr fire‐return interval treatments, with early‐dormant, middormant and early–growing season burns. Our sampling regime was designed to assess the influence of fire treatments and combinations thereof, over spatial scale, on plant diversity. Pyrodiversity was maximized where fire regime diversity, simulated by varying the size of patches with different fire treatments, was greatest. Species richness was predicted to be reduced at short and long extremes of fire‐return interval, as suggested by the intermediate‐disturbance hypothesis. The influence of fire treatments on alpha and beta diversity, and plant functional groups, were tested using multivariate and Bayesian models. Multilevel models of plant height and growth form, with fire‐return interval, reflected the strong indirect influence of fire‐return interval on sward structure and the plant environment. The pyrodiversity–biodiversity and intermediate‐disturbance hypotheses were only partially supported and depended on the plant group and spatial scale of assessment. Although both frequent and infrequent burns made important contributions to overall species richness, richness peaked where 20–40% of the area was protected from frequent fires. The larger contribution of frequent burning to diversity was due to an interaction with scale and forb turnover over the trial area. Extremes in fire‐return intervals reduced forb richness, supporting the predictions of the intermediate‐disturbance hypothesis. Spring burns had a weak negative influence on forb alpha diversity, but only at small scales. For a meaningful contribution of management to plant diversity, traditional fixed biennial burns need to be supplemented with smaller patches burned with longer fire‐return intervals, and extremes in fire‐return intervals avoided.
Circulating miRNAs-A potential tool to identify severe asthma risk?

BACKGROUND Identifying patients at risk of severe asthma is vitally important given the disproportionate burden of disease imposed by that state. However, biomarkers to support such needs remain elusive. METHODS In this letter, we assessed whether specific panels of circulating miRNAs (microRNAs) can differentiate between mild and severe asthma patients as well as between healthy subjects and severe asthma patients. RESULTS To our knowledge, the miRNAs identified in our work such as miR-28-3p, miR-16-2-3p, and miR-210-3p have not been previously reported as differentially expressed in the serum of severe asthma patients. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that miRNA expression profiles may have the capability as potential biomarkers that signal the risk of having severe asthma. As such, these findings have significant novelty and merit wider dissemination to facilitate further work in this field.
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related autoimmune hepatitis and IgG4‐hepatopathy: A histopathological and clinical perspective

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that simultaneously or consecutively involves multiple organs of the body. It is characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels and massive infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells in the damaged tissues. IgG4‐related autoimmune hepatitis (IgG4‐AIH) and IgG4‐hepatopathy are relatively new entities that have been proposed as a phenotype of IgG4‐RD in the liver. Immunoglobulin G4‐AIH is defined as a disorder with serological, histopathological, and clinical features of both IgG4‐RD and AIH, simultaneously satisfying the diagnostic criteria of both classical AIH and IgG4‐RD. Although there are several case reports and studies of IgG4‐AIH among the published works, no consensus regarding the histopathological characteristics of IgG4‐AIH has been established, and its clinical implications remain obscure. Immunoglobulin G4‐hepatopathy is defined as a comorbidity of IgG4‐RD in the liver, and patients not meeting the diagnostic criteria of classical AIH could be diagnosed with IgG4‐hepatopathy. Numerous issues regarding these diseases, especially their epidemiology, histopathological and clinical characteristics, and treatment response to corticosteroids, remain unsolved, and need to be determined to establish the disease concepts of IgG4‐AIH and IgG4‐hepathopathy.
Early and late-onset nonconvulsive status epilepticus after stroke

ABSTRACT Background: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a condition that needs timely diagnosis and treatment. It has insignificant clinical features and presents high risk of misdiagnosis. Objective: To investigate NCSE among patients with stroke, given that stroke plays an important role in the etiology of NCSE. Methods: In this retrospective study, acute stroke patients who were admitted and followed up at a stroke outpatient clinic between January 2013 and March 2016 were included. Patients with previous histories of epilepsy, brain tumor, head trauma, hypertensive encephalopathy, arteriovenous malformation, subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral venous thrombosis were excluded. Demographic properties, stroke etiology, imaging method, EEG findings, stroke severity according to the NIHSS score, functional disability and modified Rankin Scale were recorded for all patients. Results: Thirty-nine out of 792 stoke patients experienced NCSE. The mean age of the study population was 70±1.2 years (min-max: 46‒90). The study population was composed of 28 females (71.8%) and 11 males (28.2%). NCSE had early onset in 23 patients (59%) and late onset in 16 (41%). The early-onset NCSE patients were older and this was statistically significant between the groups (early onset: 73.5±11.5; late onset: 65.9±12.1; p=0.04). A history of previous stroke was more frequent in the late-onset NCSE group (14; 87,5%) than in the early-onset group (11; 47.8%) (p=0.01). The prognosis was worse in the early-onset group, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: Changes in mental status in the early stages of stroke are mostly attributed to stroke itself, but NCSE should be suspected in the right clinical setting, such as in older patients with suspicious anatomical and clinical associations.
Antiretroviral treatment adherence and mental disorders: observational case-control study in people living with HIV in Spain

ABSTRACT Mental disorders hamper immunological control of HIV infection by exerting a negative influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We sought to address the possible relationship between non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), mental disorders and substance use in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Spain, which presents a high prevalence of intravenously transmitted HIV infection. We assessed 125 PLWHA attending regular outpatient follow-up. The main adherence measure was pill collection from the Hospital Pharmacy. We included sociodemographic variables, mental disorders diagnosis, and substance use in the 12 months prior to the assessment. Harmful alcohol consumption (OR: 6.834; 95% CI: 2.008-23.257; p = 0.002), suffering from depression (OR: 5.851; 95% CI: 1.470-23.283; p = 0.012) and being at risk of suicide (OR: 3.495; 95% CI: 1.136-10.757; p = 0.029) increased the likelihood of non-adherence. 29.6% of the sample had been infected via blood contact. HCV co-infection was present in 46.4% of the study sample, increasing the likelihood of non-adherence (OR: 3.223; 95% CI: 1.119-9.286; p = 0.030). Harmful alcohol use and some serious mental disorders (especially depression and suicide risk) are consistently associated with non-adherence to ART. HCV co-infection could be an important risk marker of non-adherence among PLWHA with a high prevalence of intravenous drug use.
A first WHO reference reagent for the detection of anti‐human platelet antigen‐15b

Alloantibodies to human platelet antigen‐15b (anti‐HPA‐15b) have been detected in mothers with foetal–neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and in multiply transfused patients. Assays used to detect this antibody, which aids in disease diagnosis, can be unreliable and vary in sensitivity. The objective was to generate a stable, lyophilized anti‐HPA‐15b preparation and evaluate its suitability as a World Health Organization (WHO) reference reagent for use in the quality control of platelet alloantibody detection assays. Results from an international collaborative study to evaluate the preparation were used to assign a minimum potency at which laboratories can be expected to detect the antibody.
Sustained compensatory p38 MAPK signaling following treatment with MAPK inhibitors induces the immunosuppressive protein CD73 in cancer: combined targeting could improve outcomes

RAS‐MAPK signaling promotes immune evasion and cancer cell survival, and MAPK inhibitors (MAPKis) are frequently used as cancer therapies. Despite progress elucidating the direct effects of MAPKi on immune cells, their indirect effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME) through changes in tumor cells remains incompletely understood. Here, we present evidence of a rapid compensatory response to MAPKi that is driven by sustained p38 MAPK signaling and by which cancer cells can upregulate the immunosuppressive protein CD73 to reduce the antitumor immune response. This compensatory response also results in decreased sensitivity toward MAPKi, and, accordingly, combining anti‐CD73 antibodies and MAPKi significantly enhances the antitumor effect compared to single‐agent treatment in vivo. Combining MAPKi and anti‐CD73 was accompanied by significant alterations in intratumor immune cell composition, supporting the effect of MAPKi‐induced CD73 expression on the TME. We show that high CD73 expression significantly correlates with worse outcome in MAPKi‐treated colorectal cancer patients, highlighting the potential clinical importance of increased CD73 expression following MAPKi treatment. Our findings may explain the diminished effect of MAPKi in cancer patients and provides further rationale for combined anti‐CD73 and MAPKi treatment.
Quality of life in patients with Chagas disease and the instrument used: an integrative review

ABSTRACT Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical highly morbid disease that can have a negative impact on the quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review to analyze the QoL of patients with CD in the chronic phase of the disease, as well as the instruments used and the effect of different interventions. The review was carried out based on the criteria and recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes guideline (PRISMA) using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases. An analysis of the reference list of the included articles was also carried out. Publications in all languages have been included. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible articles and extracted the data. A total of 1,479 articles were identified, and after applying the inclusion criteria 18 articles were included. Four different instruments were used to assess QoL and the most used was the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) [33.3% (n = 6)]. Investigations involving intervention showed a positive impact on the patients’ QoL, and the Environment domain had the lowest score. Heterogeneity of instruments and lack of methodology standardization for assessing QoL was observed. QoL proved to be an important indicator for the planning and monitoring of patients with CD, however it is suggested that the instruments for its assessment should be the ones recommended by the validation studies. This process will allow the comparison of data between investigations.
Effect of bone loss on the fracture resistance of narrow dental implants after implantoplasty. An in vitro study

Background Implantoplasty (IP) involves polishing of the exposed surface of implants affected by peri-implantitis (PI). A study was made to determine whether the degree of bone loss influences the fracture resistance of implants with or without IP. Material and Methods An in vitro study was carried out on 32 narrow (3.5 mm) dental implants with a rough surface and external hexagonal connection. Implantoplasty was performed in half of the implants of the sample. Both the IP and control implants were divided into two subgroups according to the amount of bone loss (3 mm or 7.5 mm). Standardized radiographic assessment of implant width was performed using specific software. The main outcome variable was the maximum compression force (Fmax) of implants when subjected to static resistance to fracture tests. Implant fractures were subsequently analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the data was performed. Results Significant changes in implant width were observed after IP (p<0.05). No significant differences between IP and control implants were recorded in terms of the Fmax values in the two bone loss subgroups (3 mm: control 854.37N 195.08 vs. IP 752.12N 186.13; p=0.302, and 7.5 mm: control 548.82N 80.02 vs. IP 593.69N 111.07; p=0.370). Greater bone loss was associated to a decrease in Fmax, which proved significant for the control implants (p=0.001). Fractures were more frequently located in the platform (n=13). Conclusions Implants with more apical bone levels appear to be more susceptible to fracture. On the other hand, IP does not seem to significantly decrease the fracture resistance of narrow (3.5 mm) platform dental implants with external hexagonal connections. The fact that most fractures occur in the platform area indicates that the latter is exposed to more mechanical stress. Key words:Peri-implantitis, dental implants, compressive strength, titanium, implantoplasty.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with takotsubo syndrome versus spontaneous coronary artery dissection

Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) are now increasingly recognized. Both conditions predominantly affect females; however, the exact pathophysiology remains unclear. Large multi-center databases can help elucidate the underlying mechanism and optimize treatments to improve outcomes by allowing us to compare features and outcomes of patients with TTS and patients with SCAD. Methods Takotsubo syndrome patients were enrolled from the International Takotsubo Registry and compared to SCAD patients from the Canadian Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Cohort Study. In total 2098 TTS patients and 750 SCAD patients were included in the present study. Results More than 85% of patients in both groups were females. TTS patients were older compared to SCAD patients. Physical triggers were more common in TTS patients, while emotional triggers and non-identifiable triggering events were more common in SCAD patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was more impaired in TTS compared to SCAD. TTS patients had more major cardiovascular risk factors, while SCAD patients had a higher rate of migraines and anxiety disorders than TTS patients. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in TTS patients, while 30-day stroke rates were comparable between groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that women are at higher risk for TTS and SCAD compared to men, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of those presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Additionally, emotional stressors play a significant role in triggering events particularly in younger women suffering from SCAD. The present findings may help clinicians better differentiate these two entities and aid in the appropriate risk stratification, diagnosis, and management. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01947621.