Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving The Effectiveness of Commercial Bank Employess in Cross River State Through Appropriate Remuneration

The study specifically examines the correlation between remuneration and the effectiveness of employees in commercial banks in cross river state, adopting a survey method, data was collected from 232 participants employed by five commercial banks in cross river state. The participants were selected using the proportional stratified and simple random sampling technique. A selfdeveloped questionnaire was adopted to elicit the required information for the study. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. out of the 232 distributed questionnaires, 213 was returned and used for analysis. Result revealed a correlation between remuneration and the effectiveness of employees in commercial banks in cross river state. From the analysis 21.8 per cent of the variance in the effectiveness of bank's employees is accounted for by remuneration. The study concludes that bank the management of banks need to take into cognizance the economic situation in the country and improve on the take-home package of their employees.
Impact of Exposure to Mass Media on Utilization Modern Contraceptive Among Adolescent Married Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016.

IntroductionMore than one billion of world population was adolescent age group. Adolescent are high risk of unwanted pregnancy related to pregnancy is preventable. This complication can be preventing by use of family planning method. One of the challenges to use family planning was lack of information about contraceptive.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of mass media on use of modern contraceptive among adolescent in Ethiopia, 2016 E.C. MethodsThis study conducted based on Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2016 data which was cross-sectional study design. EDHS adolescent married women sample size used was 588. The data were analyzed using propensity score matching and recursive biprobit probit model to determine impact and factor associated with mass media exposure on modern contraceptive utilization.ResultThe magnitude of modern contraceptive utilization among adolescent married women age group 15-19 years was 31.8 %. Expose to family planning message has 16.8%, 13.2%, 17% and 21.9% more likely to use modern contraceptive than unexposed to mass media message. In this study significant factor affect modern contraceptive use include exposure to mass media message family planning, residence, wealth index, exposed to TV message, radio message and magazine message.ConclusionsThis study shows magnitude of contraceptive utilization was low and it might be due to lack of information about family planning. Therefore policy maker and concerned body should consider mass media to integrate family planning program.
Leading the sharing economy: An exploration on how perceived value affecting customers’ satisfaction and willingness to pay by using DiDi

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the factors affecting customers’ satisfaction and willingness to pay by using DiDi Chuxing (DiDi) in China. A total of 415 valid questionnaires were collected. Data were analysed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multiple regression. Five factors identified to have affected customers’ satisfaction and willingness to pay are Emotional Value, Economic Value, Social Value, Service Value, and Functional Value. Demographic profile towards these five factors reveals several significant differences. This study contributes to the operation of sharing-economy companies, service improvements of drivers and customer experience, market segmentation and formulation of marketing strategies.
Statistical Characteristics of Field‐Aligned Currents in the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer

Energy and momentum can be transferred from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere through field‐aligned currents (FACs), which show seasonal variations due to seasonal variation of the ionospheric conductance. Using Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission observations, we investigate the characteristics of kinetic‐scale (close to local ion inertial length) FACs in the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL), such as occurrence rate, magnitude, and carriers. The results show that: (1) the occurrence rates of FACs exhibit a trident distribution; they are also larger in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere, especially for the earthward FACs. (2) Distribution patterns vs. plasma β are different for the beam‐type and the flow‐type FACs. Flow‐type FACs are observed closer to the central plasma sheet (higher β), and their occurrence rate decreases linearly toward the tail lobe (lower β), while the beam‐type FACs are mainly and equally distributed within 0.1 < β < 1.0. (3) The magnitude of FACs shows little dependence on β, and generally increases closer to the Earth. (4) Occurrence rate and magnitude of FACs both increase during active periods, consistent with ionospheric observations. (5) The main carriers for FACs in the PSBL are thermal electrons, while cold electrons also contribute occasionally, especially during active periods. Hemispheric asymmetry of occurrence rate and dependence on geomagnetic activity of the kinetic‐scale FACs in the PSBL are consistent with FACs at ionospheric altitudes. This fact demonstrates that kinetic‐scale FACs are significant in magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling and illustrates the possible ionospheric feedback effects to the magnetosphere in the nightside.
Relation between electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, somatic cell count and some other milk quality parameters in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in Murrah buffaloes

The study was conducted to determine the relation between electrical conductivity (EC), dielectric constant (DC), somatic cell count (SCC) and some other milk quality parameters in Murrah Buffaloes and their effectiveness for diagnosis of subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM). A total of 536 samples collected from Murrah buffaloes were examined for mastitis. Buffaloes having milk SCC below 2×10 5 per ml were categorised as healthy buffaloes, those with SCC lying in the range 2×10 5 - 5×10 5 per ml were considered to be subclinical and with SCC more than 5×10 5 per ml were placed in clinical mastitis category. The values of milk EC, DC and SCC were significantly (P<0.01) higher in SCM and CM Murrah buffaloes. Milk pH ranged 6.48 to 6.62 in healthy and subclinical cases, whereas, 7.03 in clinical mastitis cases. Milk temperature values varied between 33.15 o C in healthy, 33.48 o C in subclinical cases and 35.77 o C in clinical mastitis cases. There was a significant positive correlation (P <0.01) between EC, DC, pH, SCC and milk temperature. The multiple linear regression equation was developed for the experimental data to determine the relation between the somatic cell counts with milk quality parameters. The equation best described the data with 4.91 % RMS between experimental and predicted values, indicating that this relationship could be used an indicator for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.
A Novel Approach to Address External Validity Issues in Fault Prediction Using Bandit Algorithms

Various software fault prediction models have been proposed in the past twenty years. Many studies have compared and evaluated existing prediction approaches in order to identify the most effective ones. However, in most cases, such models and techniques provide varying results, and their outcomes do not result in best possible performance across different datasets. This is mainly due to the diverse nature of software development projects, and therefore, there is a risk that the selected models lead to inconsistent results across multiple datasets. In this work, we propose the use of bandit algorithms in cases where the accuracy of the models are inconsistent across multiple datasets. In the experiment discussed in this work, we used four conventional prediction models, tested on three different dataset, and then selected the best possible model dynamically by applying bandit algorithms. We then compared our results with those obtained using majority voting. As a result, Epsilon-greedy with ϵ = 0.3 showed the best or second-best prediction performance compared with using only one prediction model and majority voting. Our results showed that bandit algorithms can provide promising outcomes when used in fault prediction.
Fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control for T-S fuzzy time-varying delay stochastic distribution systems with actuator and sensor faults

ABSTRACT The problem of fault diagnosis (FD) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) for a class of nonlinear time-varying delay stochastic distribution control (SDC) systems with actuator and sensor faults is investigated in this paper. The Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) model is used to approximate the nonlinear dynamics. The B-spline function is used to approximate the output probability density function (PDF) of the system. According to the output equivalence principle and Laplace transformation, an augmented state vector is designed to solve the time-varying delay problem. An augmented state adaptive diagnosis observer is proposed to estimate the system state, actuator and sensor faults simultaneously. A new fault-tolerant control algorithm is designed based on the PI control strategy to compensate sensor fault and actuator faults simultaneously. The sensor fault is compensated through the information obtained by the observer. The PI controller can compensate for the influence of the actuator fault, and the output PDF of system can still track the desired PDF when fault occurs. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Preserved and variable spatial‐chemical changes of lipids across tomato leaves in response to central vein wounding reveals potential origin of linolenic acid in signal transduction cascade

Abstract Membrane lipids serve as substrates for the generation of numerous signaling lipids when plants are exposed to environmental stresses, and jasmonic acid, an oxidized product of 18‐carbon unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linolenic acid), has been recognized as the essential signal in wound‐induced gene expression. Yet, the contribution of individual membrane lipids in linolenic acid generation is ill‐defined. In this work, we performed spatial lipidomic experiments to track lipid changes that occur locally at the sight of leaf injury to better understand the potential origin of linolenic and linoleic acids from individual membrane lipids. The central veins of tomato leaflets were crushed using surgical forceps, leaves were cryosectioned and analyzed by two orthogonal matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging platforms for insight into lipid spatial distribution. Significant changes in lipid composition are only observed 30 min after wounding, while after 60 min lipidome homeostasis has been re‐established. Phosphatidylcholines exhibit a variable pattern of spatial behavior in individual plants. Among lysolipids, lysophosphatidylcholines strongly co‐localize with the injured zone of wounded leaflets, while, for example, lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (16:1) accumulated preferentially toward the apex in the injured zone of wounded leaflets. In contrast, two other LPGs (LPG [18:3] and LPG [18:2]) are depleted in the injured zone. Our high‐resolution co‐localization imaging analyses suggest that linolenic acids are predominantly released from PCs with 16_18 fatty acid composition along the entire leaf, while it seems that in the apex zone PG (16:1_18:3) significantly contributes to the linolenic acid pool. These results also indicate distinct localization and/or substrate preferences of phospholipase isoforms in leaf tissue.
Local Adaptation to Extreme Weather and It’s Implication on Sustainable Rice Production in Lampung, Indonesia

Extreme weather incidents refer to high rainfall and strong winds have been speculated to be detrimental on rice production. However, researches on the local adaptation to their impact on rice production are limited especially on tropical region like Indonesia. A study was conducted in Pesawaran, West Lampung, North Lampung, and Bandar Lampung using time series data of 2000-2015 and ground checking during extreme weather and normal seasons and its implication on sustainable management. Data were evaluated using multivariate regressions. Results demonstrated that the impact of extreme weather on the reduction of rice production was weak, 0.92%. Shifting on rice production among swampy, irrigated, and dry lands at which covered area of 13.67%, 42.69% and 43.65%, respectively, minimized the impact of the extreme weather. During limited precipitation, irrigated and swamplands had 2.5-3.0 times cropping intensity. Conversely, during La-Nina with excess precipitation, cropping in irrigated and drylands increased by 20 and 58%, respectively. Moreover, the local government maintained annual production improvement by about 5% through expansion of irrigated land, high yielding varieties and inputs subsidies. Considering that incident of extreme weathers tended to occur more frequently, consequently, planting calender utilization and rice variety adapted should be implemented.
A study on effective adsorption of lead from an aqueous solution using Copper Oxide nanoparticles

In this work, the co-precipitation method was used to prepare copper oxide nanoparticles, which were found 21.6 nm in size, as calculated from the Debye-Scherrer equation. The prepared material was characterized using XRD and UV-Visible spectroscopy and further evaluated for its efficiency in adsorptive removal of Pb(II). To optimize the adsorption process was tried in the range: nanoparticle dosage (0.1-1 g/L), reaction time (0.5-2 hour), initial pH of the solution (2-6), and initial concentration of Lead (5-15 ppm). A linear fitting of equilibrium data to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms was also explored and carried out. The results indicated that data obtained from the experiment fit better with the Freundlich isotherm model, attaining qmax for lead ions as 97 mg/g. Kinetic studies showed better fitting with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model signifying the mechanism of adsorption as chemisorption. The result advocate that synthesized adsorbent proved useful in adsorbing led from water.
Signal Propagation in Collisional Plasma with Negative Ions

The transport of charged species in collisional currentless plasmas is traditionally thought of as a diffusion-like process. In this paper, it is demonstrated that, in contrast to two-component plasma, containing electrons and positive ions, the transport of additional ions in multi-species plasmas is not governed by diffusion, rather described by nonlinear convection. As a particular example, plasmas with the presence of negative ions have been studied. The velocity of a small perturbation of negative ions was found analytically and validated by numerical simulation. As a result of nonlinear convection, initially smooth ion density profiles break and form strongly inhomogeneous shock-like fronts. These fronts are different from collisionless shocks and shocks in fully ionized plasma. The structure of the fronts has been found analytically and numerically.
Spermidine priming promotes germination of deteriorated seeds and reduced salt stressed damage in rice seedlings

Deterioration of seeds is an important problem leading to low germination and uneven crop establishment causing poor crop growth and productivity. Soil salinity is another factor limiting crop cultivation. Spermidine (Spd) is a compound widely reported for diminishing adverse effects of salt stress in plants. In this study, the effects of Spd priming on normal and deteriorated rice seeds were investigated under salt stress during germination and young seedling stages. Rice seeds were primed with H2O and Spd solutions for 24 h before germination. All rice seeds were grown in Petri dishes containing 5 ml of deionized water with 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl (salt treatment) for 1-10 d. The results showed that priming groups had higher germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI) in both normal and deteriorated seeds. Moreover, deteriorated seeds primed with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM Spd showed significantly higher GP and GI than H2O-primed and non-primed seeds. During early hours of hydration, Spd-primed seeds produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) faster and at higher level than non-priming and H2O priming groups in both control and saline conditions. Earlier accumulation of ROS was associated with more rapid germination. In young seedlings, salinity stress caused a marked decrease in growth and increased membrane damage indicated by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). Conversely, Spd priming increased growth and reduced membrane damage of rice seedlings established from normal and deteriorated seeds under salt stress. The finding suggested that Spd priming can effectively improve germination of deteriorated seeds and enhance seedling growth under control and salt stress conditions.
Implicit Taxes of U.S. Domestic and Multinational Firms During the Past Quarter-Century

Recent research by Dyreng et al (2014) finds that the effective tax rates for both foreign and domestic firms have been steadily decreasing over recent decades and that multinational firms (MNEs) do not have a tax-based cost advantage relative to their domestic counterparts. This paper extends this research and examines implicit taxes for MNEs. We use the approach outlined by Jennings et al. (2012) and find that for both domestic and multinational firms, lower effective tax rates are only partially offset by implicit taxes. Further, we find that implicit taxes for MNEs are lower than domestic firms and have fallen over time, while implicit taxes on domestic firms have been rising. We also find that differences in implicit taxes between domestic and MNE firms widen when MNE firms derive a larger portion of their pretax income from foreign sources. Our results underscore the contention in Shackelford and Shevlin (2001) that measuring differences in explicit tax burdens without implicit taxes may lead to incomplete findings.
Sulfur Speciation in the Surface Sediments of Lakes from Different Regions, China: Characterization by S K-Edge XANES Spectroscopy

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy affords the opportunity to determine redox status for element S in the aquatic ecosystems. However, there have been relatively few studies of S XANES spectroscopy in the terrestrial aquatic ecosystems. In this study, XANES technology was used to examine changes in S speciation in the sediments collected from Taihu Lake, Qinghai Lake, Dianchi Lake, Caohai Lake, and Hongfeng Lake located in distinct geological background areas of China. The results showed that sedimentary S in Qinghai Lake has a high proportion of sulfate averaged 88.9% due to physical weathering of watershed rocks, while deposited S in Taihu Lake has a high fraction of intermediate S (36.5%), which may be the response of the agricultural nonpoint source pollution in drainage basin. The three lakes located in Southwest China have similar composition characteristics of S species, indicating similar S sources including chemical weathering of carbonate and atmospheric deposition. 60–90% of S compounds in the surface sediments were in the form of sulfate and FeS. In deeper layers, the ratio of FeS2 and the intermediate S significantly increased, suggesting rapid processes of sulfate reduction and sulfide reoxidation with the increasing depths.
Documenting patient risk and nursing interventions: record audit

Objective: The aim was to explore and compare documentation of the nursing process for patient safety in two nursing documentation systems: paper and digital records. Background: The ‘nursing process’ (assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation) is recommended by professional nursing registration and health service accreditation bodies as a key component of understanding nurses’ clinical reasoning. Nurses’ responsibility for patient safety must be supported by comprehensive documentation practices. Study design and methods: A retrospective audit of twenty clinical care records (N = 20) randomly selected from a single acute medical ward at a tertiary hospital in Australia; ten from a digital trial that replicated selected paper forms and ten paper records as controls. The audit was conducted by two nurse researchers using a purpose built data extraction tool. Results: Patient age, gender and primary diagnoses were similar for the digital and paper care records. Documentation of the full nursing process was low in both record types, and comprehensiveness of nursing documentation was similar across the paper and digital records. Compared to the paper documents, the digital documents were more often rated as ‘complete’ (p<0.05). Documentation of risk to skin integrity (p<0.05) and evidence of completed nursing interventions to address risks were more frequent (p<0.05) in digital records. Discussion: The findings of this study highlight an important gap in comprehensive documentation of the nursing process that supports and informs the clinical reasoning of nurses for patient safety. Improvements in digital documents reflect future opportunity to enhance the quality of nurse documentation using technology specific strategies such as prompts, visualisation and nudge. Conclusion: This research identifies that both paper and digital systems of hospital documentation may fail to capture and communicate the clinical reasoning of nurses. Digital systems have the potential to improve capture of the clinical reasoning and nursing process. What is already known about the topic? Professional registration and healthcare accreditation bodies recommend nurses’ clinical decision making is underpinned by processes of assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. Poor capture of nurses’ clinical decision making in their documentation has negative consequences for the continuity, quality and safety of care; including inadequate detection of deterioration and escalation of care. Electronic systems are expected to enhance capture of nurse decision making in documentation. What this paper adds: Nurses’ clinical reasoning was poorly captured in both paper and digital documentation systems. Nurses documented their intervention responses to identified patient risks more often in the digital system compared to paper records. Digital systems offer an opportunity to proactively nudge nurses towards improved documentation of nursing processes.
Politeness Strategy in Directive and Expressive Utterances as Found in Jane Eyre Movie

This study discusses politeness strategies in directive and expressive speech, which are found in the Jane Eyre movie. The study is aimed at observing politeness strategies in conveying the intention or purpose of the speaker. The data are taken from the Jane Eyre movie. They are then collected through the observational method with note taking technique. The research sample consisted of 24 directive and expressive utterances containing politeness strategies. By using the theory proposed by Brown and Levinson about politeness strategies. Data are analyzed. From 24 dialogues, the writer found 33 data that contain politeness strategies. The results of the analysis are presented using the theory by Sudaryanto. The result of the data analysis shows that all kinds of politeness strategies occur in this movie. Based on the 24 dialogues studied, the writer finds that negative politeness strategies occur the most, namely 13 times, while positive politeness strategies occur 12 times, bald on record 4 times, and off record 5 times