Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Xp endo Finisher and Passive Ultrasonic irrigation on bacterial reduction: in vitro study

Introduction: Chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canal system to reach an almost sterile condition, is the key for better endodontic results. Thus, root canal disinfection should be aiming to use effective irrigant activation techniques that will improve root canal disinfection in addition to an efficient irrigant. Methodology: Thirty three Single-rooted extracted permanent human teeth with mature apices were instrumented to tooth length to a K-file #25 in reaming action, using water as irrigant. Teeth were divided to 3 groups, each group in a silicone mold and sterilized. Teeth were then contaminated with E.feacalis. After incubation root canal instrumentation and irrigant activation was done according to groups. Group A: Xp endo finisher, Group B: Passive ultrasonic irrigation, Group C: conventional needle irrigation. Results: group A and B showed significantly greater bacterial reduction compared to group C. Conclusion: irrigant activation with XPF and PUI caused greater bacterial reduction than conventional needle irrigation.
Pre-Lie algebras with divided powers and the Deligne groupoid in positive characteristic

The purpose of this paper is to develop a deformation theory controlled by pre-Lie algebras with divided powers over a ring of positive characteristic. We show that every differential graded pre-Lie algebra with divided powers comes with operations, called weighted braces, which we use to generalize the classical deformation theory controlled by Lie algebras over a field of characteristic $0$. Explicitly, we define the Maurer-Cartan set, as well as the gauge group, and prove that there is an action of the gauge group on the Maurer-Cartan set. This new deformation theory moreover admits a Goldman-Millson theorem which remains valid on the integers. As an application, we give the computation of the $\pi_0$ of a mapping space $\text{Map}(B^c(\mathcal{C}),\mathcal{P})$ with $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{P}$ suitable cooperad and operad respectively.
Adapter Pruning using Tropical Characterization

Adapters are widely popular parameter-efficient transfer learning approaches in natural language processing that insert trainable modules in between layers of a pre-trained language model. Apart from several heuristics, however, there has been a lack of studies analyzing the optimal number of adapter parameters needed for downstream applications. In this paper, we propose an adapter pruning approach by studying the tropical characteristics of trainable modules. We cast it as an optimization problem that aims to prune parameters from the adapter layers without changing the orientation of underlying tropical hypersurfaces. Our experiments on five NLP datasets show that tropical geometry tends to identify more relevant parameters to prune when compared with the magnitude-based baseline, while a combined approach works best across the tasks.
Fault geometry and paleo-movement of the central part of the Ushikubi fault, northern central Japan.

飛騨高地北部，岐阜－富山県境に位置する牛首断層の中央部地域において，地表踏査とそれに基づく構造解析を行い，構造発達史を議論した．これまで地形判読によって認識されてきた牛首断層沿いには，幅250 m以上の剪断帯が分布しており，断層ガウジや断層角礫，カタクレーサイトなどの脆性断層岩が北東－南西方向に連続的に分布する．また，変位地形や活断層露頭は剪断帯の主断層沿いに位置する．この剪断帯は調査地域中央部において明瞭な屈曲構造を有し，そこでは横ずれデュープレックスが形成されている．デュープレックスの幾何学や運動像，剪断面の定向分布はそれが左横ずれ運動によって形成されたことを示し，これにより本剪断帯の起源は古第三紀以前まで遡る．広域応力場や手取層群の分布などから考慮すると，本剪断帯の発生は後期白亜紀であると考えられる．これらの知見は，飛騨高地北部の活断層群の起源と発達に重要な制約を与える．
Impaired olfactory function in bipolar disorder patients during acute episodes regardless of psychotic symptoms

Background The aim of this study was to analyze whether the presence of psychotic symptoms affects olfactory function in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). We also compared olfactory function between the period of episode and remission in patients with BD. Methods BD patients in the acute phase were tracked to the remission stage. The psychiatric symptoms and social function of the enrolled subjects were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment Function (GAF). Olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. Differences in OS and OI among the episodic group, the euthymic group, and the healthy control (HC) group were compared. According to whether BD is accompanied by psychotic symptoms, the OS and OI in the BD with psychotic symptoms group (P-BD), the BD without psychotic symptoms group (NP-BD), and the HC group were compared. Results The P-BD and NP-BD groups exhibited impaired OI compared with the HC group, but there was no significant difference in OI between the P-BD and NP-BD groups, or in OS among all three groups. All patients with episodic BD had significantly lower OS and OI compared with the HC group. OI in euthymic BD patients was still impaired; however, OS recovered, showing no significant difference compared with that in the HC group. Conclusion The results indicate that patients with episodic BD have impaired OS and OI, regardless of psychotic symptoms. OI may be a characteristic marker of BD, and OS may be a state marker that can be used to distinguish between episodic and euthymic BD.
Alginate–Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffolds; An Optimization of Post-Printing Treatment for Enhanced Degradation and Swelling Behavior

The generation of 3D structures comprises three interlinked phases: material development, the printing process, and post-printing treatment. Numerous factors control all three phases, making the optimization of the entire process a challenging task. Until now, the state of the art has mainly focused on optimizing material processability and calibration of the printing process. However, after the successful Direct Ink Writing (DIW) of a hydrogel scaffold, the post-printing stage holds equal importance, as this allows for the treatment of the structure to ensure the preservation of its structural integrity for a duration that is sufficient to enable successful cell attachment and proliferation before undergoing degradation. Despite this stage’s pivotal role, there is a lack of extensive literature covering its optimization. By studying the crosslinking factors and leveling the post-treatment settings of alginate–gelatin hydrogel, this study proposes a method to enhance scaffolds’ degradation without compromising the targeted swelling behavior. It introduces an experimental design implementing the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Design of Experiments (DoE), which elucidated the key parameters influencing scaffold degradation and swelling, and established an alginate ratio of 8% and being immersed for 15 min in 0.248 M CaCl2 as the optimal level configuration that generates a solution of 0.964 desirability, reaching a degradation time of 19.654 days and the swelling ratio of 50.00%.
Commentary and Debate

This is a critique of L. Richard Della Fave's analysis (AJS 80 [July 1974]: 153-69) of the "value stretch" concept and his data purporting to test that concept. My basic criticism is that the data do not necessarily lead to the conclusions drawn by Della Fave because the items used as measures have little to do with values. Asking a person how many years of education he prefers and what particular occupation he prefers are not appropriate ways of measuring the extent to which education and work are basic values for that person, his guides to the good life or the good self. The questions used by Della Fave ask persons to project themselves into particular social roles or positions. The finding that lower-class tudents prefer fewer years of education and lower-status jobs than upper-class ones is merely a validation of socialization into class roles. Della Fave, as he himself points out, did not invent this approach to measuring "success values. " He is expanding on a tradition. It is necessary, therefore, as part of this critique, to offer ways of testing the traditional approach. Both reasoning and data will be offered. If my view is correct and respondents' preferences a well as expectations tend to be influenced by their current class position, there should be a strong correlation between preferences and expectations of individuals within social-class divisions. This can be readily determined. Only if it can be shown that preferences are unrelated to expectations is it reasonable to talk of the two measures as indicators of two independent psychological processes. In my view, the more appropriate way of determining values is to leave out specific levels of accomplishment and ask persons the importance of obtaining certain general goals such as a good education or employment. This procedure was followed in a study aimed at comparing the orientations toward life and work of more than 5,000 poor and nonpoor persons (Goodwin 1972). A series of questions was asked about general life aspirations, or goals, and life avoidances. Thus for each aspiration, such as "having a good education," its converse was also asked about, in this instance "having very little education. " Each item was rated on a four-step ladder that said "best way of life" at the top and "worst way of life" at the bottom. (The set of 14 life aspirations and 14 life avoidances formed two separate scales with high reliability [see Goodwin 1972].) To illustrate the criticism of Della Fave's approach, some previously unpublished ata from the study will be used.
The Effect of Sports Modifications and Mini Games to improve students' physical fitness in the Adaptive Physical Education Course

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of sports and game modifications in improving students’ physical fitness. This type of research is quantitative research with an experimental model. The population in this study were students taking adaptive physical education course in July – December 2022 semester. The sampling technique used a census technique with a total of 90 students. Furthermore, the t-test is used for data analysis. Based on the test results with different samples, it is shown that the physical fitness variable in the pretest value of the experimental group and the control group has a t-value of 1.048 and a significance value of 0.204 > 0.05, indicating that there is no significant difference between the average value of the experimental group's pretest results and the control group's pretest results on physical fitness variables. Meanwhile, the post-test scores for the experimental group and the control group had a t-value of 7.69 and a significance value of 0.000, indicating that there was a significant difference in the physical fitness variable between the average post-test results for the experimental group and the posttest results for the control group. Based on the study's findings, it is possible to conclude that sports and game modifications have a significant impact on increasing students’ physical fitness. Keywords: sports and game modifications; physical fitness level
The air traffic control training process: A review of research

Air traffic control (ATC) is a complex part of the air transport system. Training in this activity takes more than one year and requires special qualities and abilities from all participants in this process. Recent studies consider the learning process as one of the determining factors that further influences the efficiency of aviation personnel. The purpose of this review article was to describe the available researches on the ATC training process and related areas, to analyze them, to identify gaps and areas where further research can be conducted. The studies were divided into several areas: studies analyzing ATC training programs (at the FAA Academy and other organizations); research related to simulator training; instructor methods in ATC training; related to ATC instructor competence; interaction between the instructor and the student, etc. In preparing this review, literature sources were used in publications included in Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka and Russian Science Citation Index. Preference was given to sources published in the last 17 years. The work can be useful for researchers of psychological, pedagogical aspects of the work of ATC instructors, students, as well as all those who are interested in finding methods to improve the efficiency of ATC and reduce the impact of the human factor on their work.
Prediagnostic Clinical Evaluations and Double Contrast Computed Tomography in Suspected Acute Appendicitis

Objectives: The aim of this study is to reveal the diagnostic value of abdominal computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected acute appendicitis according to their histopathological diagnosis and who were operated on after double contrast abdominal CT. Methods: The data of patients who were admitted to Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital Emergency Medicine Clinic between March 01, 2009, and March 01, 2011, due to abdominal pain and were operated on with a clinical diagnosis of the acute appendicitis have been reviewed. The case group consisted of 111 patients who underwent preoperative double-contrast abdominal CT scans; the control group consisted of 50 randomly selected patients who were operated on without abdominal CT scans. Results: In this study, 57.1% of patients were male, 42.9% of patients were female, and the mean age of patients was 38.90±16.38 years. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender, age, symptoms, body temperature, abdominal physical examination, white blood cells, complete urinalysis results, or Alvarado score (p>0.05). The diagnostic difference between ultrasonography (USG) and CT was found to be statistically significant in patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with appendicitis compared to those who did not. While the sensitivity of USG was 35.71%, specificity 85.71%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 27.02%, the sensitivity of CT was 60.46%, specificity 92%, PPV 92.85%, and NPV 40.35% was found in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Conclusion: CT is one of the essential methods that can be used in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the emergency department and it can reduce unnecessary laparotomies. Acute appendicitis can be diagnosed by clinical examination and USG in the emergency department, but the value of CT was higher in patients who could not be diagnosed with acute appendicitis by USG.
Extension of Hyperspace Selections

In 1951, Ernest Michael wrote a definitive seminal article on hyperspaces raising a general question that became known as the hyperspace selection problem. The present paper contains some aspects of this problem, along with several open questions. Most of these considerations and questions are related to the usual map extension problem, but now in the setting of hyperspaces and hyperspace selections.
Improving Online Source-free Domain Adaptation for Object Detection by Unsupervised Data Acquisition

Effective object detection in mobile robots is challenged by deployment in diverse and unfamiliar environments. Online Source-Free Domain Adaptation (O-SFDA) offers model adaptation using a stream of unlabeled data from a target domain in online manner. However, not all captured frames contain information that is beneficial for adaptation, particularly when there is a strong class imbalance. This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance O-SFDA for adaptive object detection in mobile robots via unsupervised data acquisition. Our methodology prioritizes the most informative unlabeled frames for inclusion in the online training process. Empirical evaluation on a real-world dataset reveals that our method outperforms existing state-of-the-art O-SFDA techniques, demonstrating the viability of unsupervised data acquisition for improving adaptive object detection in mobile robots.
Large Trajectory Models are Scalable Motion Predictors and Planners

Motion prediction and planning are vital tasks in autonomous driving, and recent efforts have shifted to machine learning-based approaches. The challenges include understanding diverse road topologies, reasoning traffic dynamics over a long time horizon, interpreting heterogeneous behaviors, and generating policies in a large continuous state space. Inspired by the success of large language models in addressing similar complexities through model scaling, we introduce a scalable trajectory model called State Transformer (STR). STR reformulates the motion prediction and motion planning problems by arranging observations, states, and actions into one unified sequence modeling task. Our approach unites trajectory generation problems with other sequence modeling problems, powering rapid iterations with breakthroughs in neighbor domains such as language modeling. Remarkably, experimental results reveal that large trajectory models (LTMs), such as STR, adhere to the scaling laws by presenting outstanding adaptability and learning efficiency. Qualitative results further demonstrate that LTMs are capable of making plausible predictions in scenarios that diverge significantly from the training data distribution. LTMs also learn to make complex reasonings for long-term planning, without explicit loss designs or costly high-level annotations.
Comparison of equilibrium size distributions for lunar craters

We consider some theoretical models of crater destruction to explain not only the exponent −2 of the equilibrium distribution of crater diameters, but also the density coefficient and its regional variations, Destruction of small craters appears to be governed principally by blanketing or filling by ejecta, and the equilibrium density coefficient decreases with increasing size of the largest crater affecting the region studied. Destruction of large craters seems to depend mainly on destruction of a substantial part of the crater wall by a crater of similar or greater diameter. Only certain south polar and far-side continental regions appear to be saturated with craters.
Climate Change and Hydrological Budget

ii Acknowledgments. ivv Vita . v List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Precipitation . 9 Chapter 3: Pan Evaporation . 44 Chapter 4: Temperature . 75 Chapter 5: Growing Season . 100 Chapter 6: Aridity Index . 128 Chapter 7: Conclusions . 158 Bibliography . 175
An improved and extended internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest, involving a new equation of state for solids

The thermodynamic properties of 254 end‐members, including 210 mineral end‐members, 18 silicate liquid end‐members and 26 aqueous fluid species are presented in a revised and updated internally consistent thermodynamic data set. The PVT properties of the data set phases are now based on a modified Tait equation of state (EOS) for the solids and the Pitzer & Sterner (1995) equation for gaseous components. Thermal expansion and compressibility are linked within the modified Tait EOS (TEOS) by a thermal pressure formulation using an Einstein temperature to model the temperature dependence of both the thermal expansion and bulk modulus in a consistent way. The new EOS has led to improved fitting of the phase equilibrium experiments. Many new end‐members have been added, including several deep mantle phases and, for the first time, sulphur‐bearing minerals. Silicate liquid end‐members are in good agreement with both phase equilibrium experiments and measured heat of melting. The new dataset considerably enhances the capabilities for thermodynamic calculation on rocks, melts and aqueous fluids under crustal to deep mantle conditions. Implementations are already available in thermocalc to take advantage of the new data set and its methodologies, as illustrated by example calculations on sapphirine‐bearing equilibria, sulphur‐bearing equilibria and calculations to 300 kbar and 2000 °C to extend to lower mantle conditions.
Induced Cucumber Plant Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita By Certain Biotic and Abiotic Inducers in Relation to Some Biochemical.

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of certain abiotic and biotic inducers in inducing cucumber resistance against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita , under greenhouse conditions. The abiotic inducers comprised acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and Indole acetic acid (IAA) while the biotic inducer was Bacillus pumilus (B.P.). The results revealed that, among all treatments, the double combinations of IAA before B.P. by 3 days as well as ASA before B.P.by 3 days showed the best treatments to increase plant resistance against Meloidogyne incognita infection and improved plant vigor based on fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared to using them individually and control inoculated non-treated plants. A generalized increase was observed in the peroxidase activities and in proline amino acids and total phenols due to the application of the investigated inducer. The degree of increase differed according to treatment and biochemical aspects. The overproduction of these biochemical aspects may play a part in the induction of plant defenses against nematode infestation. In conclusion, the development of safety control measures by inducing plant resistance will protect a wide range of plant crops against nematode threats and can be used in integrated pest management programs.
Compositional skills error analysis: The case of the university environmental engineering first-year students

The compositional skills are analyzed to determine whether college students have improved their writing ability after the two years additional in the senior high school curriculum. This study examines the errors committed by first-year engineering students. There were 90 student respondents written outputs collected and subjected to Grammarly software. The researchers analyzed the data using the Scheffe test, comparing the difference between clarity, engagement, and delivery. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to test whether there is a significant difference among other variables. Findings revealed that clarity is the most common error committed by the student-respondents. The errors committed between male and female respondents do not show a difference. The K-12 graduates’ compositional errors do not differ significantly from that in the Alternative Learning System (ALS) passers or the old basic education curriculum graduates. It is in delivery that students vary. This finding implies that college students' compositional skills still need strengthening. Instructors are encouraged to provide comprehensive activities and writing exercises to both genders, regardless of their curriculum. It is recommended that University language instructors identify specific interventions to help students struggling with writing. Therefore, providing enough written opportunities and practices is vital to make college students enhance their compositional skills.
Evaluating the Impact of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory on the Interactions Between Managers and Employees in Chosen Ghanaian Banking Institutions

Purpose - The objective of this study is to explore how employee results, including job performance and job contentment, are linked to evaluations made by both employees and managers concerning the caliber of. the leader-member relationship (referred to as LMX). Design/Methodology/Approach – A correlational design and descriptive survey method were employed to collect data through a questionnaire administered to both superiors and their subordinates. The study utilized data from 10 banks to test the hypothesis. Findings: The study revealed a moderate link in relation to the exchanges within leader-member relationships and their impact on employee job performance. The investigation identified a minor but positive association between the motivation of employees and the efficacy of interactions between leaders and subordinates. The gender of leaders did not notably affect the caliber of interactions between leaders and followers.