Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transverse jet injection into a supersonic turbulent cross-flow

Jet injection into a supersonic cross-flow is a challenging fluid dynamics problem in the field of aerospace engineering which has applications as part of a rocket thrust vector control system for noise control in cavities and fuel injection in scramjet combustion chambers. Several experimental and theoretical/numerical works have been conducted to explore this flow; however, there is a dearth of literature detailing the instantaneous flow which is vital to improve the efficiency of the mixing of fluids. In this paper, a sonic jet in a Mach 1.6 free-stream is studied using a finite volume Godunov type implicit large eddy simulations technique, which employs fifth-order accurate MUSCL (Monotone Upstream-centered Schemes for Conservation Laws) scheme with modified variable extrapolation and a three-stage second-order strong-stability-preserving Runge–Kutta scheme for temporal advancement. A digital filter based turbulent inflow data generation method is implemented in order to capture the physics of the sup.
Non-unital Banach Jordan algebras and C*-triple systems

The definition of a suitable Jordan analogue of C*-algebras (which we call JB*-algebras in this paper) was recently suggested by Kaplansky (see (26)). The theory of unital JB*-algebras is now comparatively well understood due to the work of Alfsen, Shultz and Størmer (1) from which a Gelfand-Neumark theorem for unital JB*-algebras can be obtained (26). Independently, from work on simply connected symmetric complex Banach manifolds with base point, Kaup introduced the definition of C*-triple systems in (14) and subsequently in (7) it was shown that every unital JB*-algebra is a C*-triple system. In this paper, we wish to extend this result to show that every JB*-algebra is a C*-triple system.
Observations of Water Vapor toward Orion BN/KL

We have obtained spectra of the rotational ground-state 110-101 556.936 GHz ortho-H216O and 110-101 547.676 GHz ortho-H218O transitions toward Orion BN/KL using the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS). The ortho-H216O spectrum shows strong evidence for both a broad (Δv ≃ 48 km s-1) and a narrow (Δv ≃ 7.5 km s-1) component, while the ortho-H218O shows evidence for only a broad (Δv ≃ 24 km s-1) component. The broad component emission in both ortho-H216O and ortho-H218O arises primarily from gas heated within the low- and high-velocity outflows and shocked gas surrounding IRc2 in which the ortho-H216O and ortho-H218O fractional abundances are estimated to be 3.5 × 10-4 and 7 × 10-7, respectively. This finding provides further confirmation that water is efficiently and abundantly produced within warm shock-heated gas. We estimate that the hot core plus the compact ridge contribute ≲10% to the ortho-H216O integrated intensity within the SWAS beam. The narrow component seen in the ortho-H216O spectrum is best fitted by ortho-water emission from the extended ridge (ER) and the higher temperature core of the extended ridge (CER) with a common fractional abundance of 3.3 × 10-8. The absence of any discernible narrow component in the ortho-H218O spectrum is used to set 3 σ upper limits on the ortho-water fractional abundance within the ER of 7 × 10-8 and within the CER of 5.2 × 10-7. This implies that within the dense extended quiescent region, gas-phase water is neither a major repository of oxygen nor a major coolant in Orion BN/KL.
Absorption and emission cross section of Er/sup 3+/ doped silica fibers

A detailed set of measurements is presented on determining the emission and absorption cross sections of Er/sup 3+/ doped fibers for the /sup 4/I/sub 13/2/ to /sup 4/I/sub 15/2/ transition. Two techniques are employed: the Fuchtbauer-Ladenberg analysis, based on spectroscopic data, and a more direct technique involving optical saturation of the transition. The cross sections, and in particular their ratio, are significantly different for the two techniques. Possible reasons for this are discussed, and it is concluded that the Fuchtbauer-Ladenberg approach is inappropriate in this situation. >
Perceived stress and its associated factors among people living in post-war Districts of Northern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Background War and conflict environments result in long-term physical and psychological consequences. Sexual violence, displacement, malnutrition, death, illness, injury, torture, and disability are some of the physical effects, whereas stress, depression, aggressive behaviors, and anxiety are some of the emotional complications of war. Hence, evidence-based interventions are required particularly to monitor mental health disorders. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of perceived stress and its associated factors among people living in post-war situations, Northern Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 812 samples from April 1 to May 15, 2022. The study participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured and pre-tested tool. Data were cleaned and entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and transferred to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of perceived stress. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit was applied to test for model fitness and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The prevalence of perceived stress was 76.1%, 95% CI (72.9–78.8). Age above 45 years (AOR (CI) = 2.45 (1.07–5.62), poor educational level (AOR (CI) = 5.92 (2.36–14.8), large family size (AOR (CI) = 0.48 (0.31–0.74), alcohol consumption (AOR (CI) = 0.63 (0.42–0.94), smoking (AOR (CI) = 0.17 (0.06–0.56), and exposure to multiple traumatic events (AOR (CI) = 2.38 (1.23–4.62) have shown a statistically significant association with perceived stress. Conclusion This study revealed that more than three-fourths of participants living in post-war settings were found to have perceived stress. Older age, poor level of education, large family size, alcohol consumption, smoking, and the number of traumatic events were significant associates of perceived stress. Psychotherapy that can effectively address the medical, social, and psychological well-being of the community is important to reduce the burden of perceived stress.
Fertility problems in men carrying a translocation involved in breakpoints on chromosome 17p13: A retrospective, observational study

Male infertility is a multifactorial reproductive disorder. The effect of genetic factors on male infertility has been the focus of research. Although a variety of genetic techniques are applied to male infertility in clinical practice, karyotype analysis remains a powerful and inexpensive technology. Reciprocal chromosomal translocation (RCT) is closely related to male infertility, but the clinical phenotypes of RCT carriers are varied, and the underlying pathological mechanism is unclear. Some studies suggest that RCT breakpoints disrupt the structure and function of important genes responsible for spermatogenesis. Several breakpoints of chromosome 17 are related to important genes, which can lead to spermatogenic failure. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of 3 men with translocation karyotypes involving breakpoints on chromosome 17p13. Semen analysis and cytogenetic analysis were performed with informed consent. Gene ontology analysis was performed for 60 pathogenic genes on chromosome band 17p13. Cytogenetic analysis showed that the karyotypes were 46, XY, t(6;17) (p21;p13), 46,XY,t(10;17)(q11.2;p13), and 46, XY, t(17;20) (p13;q13), respectively. Relevant studies and genes on breakpoints on chromosome 17p13 were searched for using PubMed. Fourteen reported cases of the same karyotype were reviewed. The results suggest that although chromosome 17 is closely related to spermatogenic failure, the clinical phenotypes of RCT carriers with involvement of 17p13 breakpoints are varied. The important genes involved in the breakpoint were analyzed. The results of molecular functions suggested that these targets genes on chromosome band 17p13 were mostly involved in microfilament motor activity, ATPase activity. These results suggested that the translocation chromosome and breakpoint analysis should be considered in the clinical assessment of the patients. Physicians should be aware of these in genetic counseling. These breakpoints and the function of related genes require further study.
Towards a simultaneously speaking bilingual robot: Primary study on the effect of gender and pitch of the robot’s voice

With fast and reliable international transportation, more people with different language backgrounds can interact now. As a result, the need for communicative agents fluent in several languages to assist those people is highlighted. The high cost of hiring human attendants fluent in several languages makes using social robots a more affordable alternative in international gatherings. A social robot capable of presenting a piece of information in more than one language at the same time to its audience is the goal of this line of study. However, the negative effect of background noise on speech comprehension in humans is well-established. Hence, presenting a piece of information in two different languages at the same time by the robot creates an adverse listening condition for both individuals listening to the speech of such a bilingual robot. In this study, we investigated whether manipulating the pitch and gender of the robot’s voice could affect human subjects’ memory of the presented information in the presence of background noise. The results indicate that the pitch and gender of the speaking voice do indeed affect our memory of the presented information. when a male voice was used, a higher pitch resulted in significantly better memory performance than a lower pitch. Contrarily, when a female voice was used, a lower pitch resulted in significantly better memory in participants than a higher pitch. Both male and female subjects performed significantly better with a female voice in a noisy background. In nutshell, the result of this study suggests using a female voice for robots in noisy conditions, as in the case of simultaneously speaking robots, can significantly improve the retrieval of presented information in human subjects.
Elevated Driving Pressure and Elastance Does Not Increase In-Hospital Mortality Among Obese and Severely Obese Patients With Ventilator Dependent Respiratory Failure

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Importance: Existing recommendations for mechanical ventilation are based on studies that under-sampled or excluded obese and severely obese individuals. Objective: To determine if driving pressure (DP) and total respiratory system elastance (Ers) differ among normal/overweight (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m2), obese, and severely obese ventilator-dependent respiratory failure (VDRF) patients and if there any associations with clinical outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective observational cohort study during 2016–2018 at two tertiary care academic medical centers using electronic health record data from the first 2 full days of mechanical ventilation. The cohort was stratified by BMI classes to measure median DP, time-weighted mean tidal volume, plateau pressure, and Ers for each BMI class. Setting and Participants: Mechanically ventilated patients in medical and surgical ICUs. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome and effect measures included relative risk of in-hospital mortality, ventilator-free days, ICU length of stay, and hospital length of stay with multivariable adjustment. Results: The cohort included 3,204 patients with 976 (30.4%) and 382 (11.9%) obese and severely obese patients, respectively. Severe obesity was associated with a DP greater than or equal to 15 cm H2O (relative risk [RR], 1.51 [95% CI, 1.26–1.82]) and Ers greater than or equal to 2 cm H2O/(mL/kg) (RR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.14–1.49]). Despite elevated DP and Ers, there were no differences in in-hospital mortality, ventilator-free days, or ICU length of stay among all three groups. Conclusions and Relevance: Despite higher DP and ERS among obese and severely obese VDRF patients, there were no differences in in-hospital mortality or duration of mechanical ventilation, suggesting that DP has less prognostic value in obese and severely obese VDRF patients.
Prediction of fluid responsiveness by dynamic preload parameters in children undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with one-lung ventilation – A prospective observational study

Optimal perioperative fluid management is essential for reducing complications in children undergoing thoracoscopic surgery. The study aimed to assess the performance of 2 dynamic preload parameters – pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV)- either used alone or combined into a multivariable regression model for predicting fluid responsiveness in children undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with one-lung ventilation. Children aged 1 to 6 years old undergoing video-assisted pulmonary segmentectomy or lobectomy were enrolled. Volume loading with 5 mL/kg of hydroxyethyl starch was administered over 15 minutes after establishment of artificial pneumothorax. PPV, SVV, cardiac index, cardiac cycle efficiency, and the difference between systolic blood pressure and dicrotic pressure were recorded using the pressure recording analytical method before and after volume loading. Patients with an elevation in cardiac index greater than 10% were defined as responders, and the remaining patients were nonresponders. Of 40 children, 36 were included in the final analysis, containing 13 responders and 23 nonresponders. SVV had an accuracy of 74% (95% confidence interval, 55–93%) for predicting fluid responsiveness, and a best cutoff of 22% showed a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 96%. PPV was incapable of discriminating responders from nonresponders. The multivariate regression model did not perform better than SVV alone. We found PPV failed to predict fluid responsiveness, while SVV predicted fluid responsiveness reasonably in the present context. There was no enhancement in predictivity accuracy with multivariable regression models. The accuracy of these approaches was limited, and more discriminative methods need to be found.
Current Treatments of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Amygdala Ablation as a Potential Cutting-Edge Therapy in Its Refractory Cases

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)is a very common psychiatric disorder occurring in an individual of any age, gender, or race who underwent trauma, with women being twice more at risk than men. It is generally seen more in American Indians, United States Latinos, and African American ethnic groups. A patient is diagnosed with PTSD if the symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, changes in cognition and emotions, arousal, and mood reactivity changes persist for more than a month and cause the individual severe difficulty in their everyday cognitive and psychological functioning. The psychological treatment includes numerous therapies including trauma-focused therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and non-trauma-focused therapies such as relaxation techniques, interpersonal therapy, and mindfulness. Various pharmacological measures have also been tried with mixed results such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, adrenergic drugs, atypical antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers like lithium and valproate. As numerous studies have proven, PTSD is linked with right-side stimulation of the amygdala. The purpose of this article is to highlight the use of extremely selective laser ablation of the amygdala-hippocampal unit as a successful surgical intervention for medically unresponsive PTSD and as a revolutionary solution and prospective cutting-edge therapy in the near future.
Neuroprotective effects of the fractions of Ocimum basilicum in seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in mice

Objective: Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures were investigated. Materials and Methods: Mice were divided as follows: (Group 1) Control, (Group 2) PTZ, (Groups 3-5) 50,100 and 200 mg/kg hydro-ethanolic (HE) extract, and (Groups 6-8) 200 mg/kg ethyl-acetate (EAF), N-hexane (NHF) and water (WF) fractions. Minimal clonic seizures (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) latencies were measured. Biochemical and histological studies were done. Results: MCS and GTCS latency in HE groups were longer than the PTZ group (p<0.05 to p<0.001). EAF and NHF prolonged the onset of MCS and GTCS (p<0.001). PTZ increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and dark neuron (DN) production while decreased thiol, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<0.05 to p<0.001). Pre-treatment by HE and all fractions of the plant attenuated MDA and DN while increased thiol, CAT and SOD (p<0.01 to p<0.001). Conclusion: EAF and NHF had anticonvulsant properties. The extract and fractions protected the brain from PTZ-induced oxidative damages and showed neuroprotective effects.
Observational study to evaluate discontinuation of monotherapy with cobicistat-boosted darunavir in patients with human immunodeficiency virus

To evaluate the reasons for changing to monotherapy with protease inhibitors, together with the proportion and reasons for the interruption to treatment, in patients who have been treated at some point with cobicistat-boosted darunavir (DRV/c). Outpatients in a tertiary hospital. Observational retrospective study to evaluate monotherapy with DRV/c (800 mg/150 mg) in adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, from December 2014 to July 2022. Demographic variables, viral load, cluster of differentiation 4 lymphocyte lymphocyte count, and antiretroviral therapy were assessed. 42 patients were included. 36% of the patients were undergoing monotherapy at the time of the analysis. The main reason for discontinuation was poor adherence. At time of analysis, 80% of the patients in monotherapy had an undetectable viral load. Antiretroviral therapy recommendations advise against exposing the patient to functional monotherapy with a single drug due to the high risk of virological failure and the onset of resistance to a single drug. Following the analysis of the results, DRV/c in monotherapy is not an effective strategy in the medium and long term due to factors such as lack of adherence or virological failure, although it can be maintained in specific circumstances. Therefore, patients undergoing monotherapy require close monitoring.
Orbitofrontal cortex functional connectivity changes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa

We aimed to define the shared and unshared functional neurobiological underpinnings of binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN). These disorders both involve loss of control over binge eating, but differ based on purging behavior and body image distortion. BED and BN have also been found to show differences in brain activation patterns in reward sensitivity. We enrolled 13 and 12 drug-naive and medication-free women with BED and BN, respectively, and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We performed an orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-seeded resting-state whole brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis among the groups. In this study, BED patients exhibited significantly higher impulsivity than controls, whereas the difference in impulsivity between BN and controls was not significant. Participants with BED and BN showed weaker FC between the left lateral OFC and the right precuneus than controls. In the BED only group, the FC strength between these regions was negatively correlated with self-reported impulsivity. In both BED and BN, FC between the left lateral OFC and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was weaker than that in controls. In BED, FC between the left medial OFC and the right cerebellar lobule IV was stronger than that of other groups. Our current results suggest similarities and differences between BED and BN in OFC-seeded FC with respect to reward processing. In particular, FC of the OFC in BED patients showed a significant correlation with their high impulsivity, which may reflect a decline in executive control over binge eating.
Net charge and position 22 of the V3 loop are associated with HIV-1 tropism in recently infected female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects around 37 million people worldwide, and in Kenya, key populations especially female sex workers (FSW), are thought to play a substantial role in the wider, mostly heterosexual HIV-1 transmission structure. Notably, HIV tropism has been found to correlate with HIV-1 transmission and disease progression in HIV-infected patients. In this study, recently infected FSWs from Nairobi, Kenya, were assessed for HIV tropism and the factors related to it. We used a cross-sectional study design to analyze 76 HIV-1 positive plasma samples obtained from FSWs enrolled in sex worker outreach program clinics in Nairobi between November 2020 and April 2021. The effects of clinical, demographic, and viral genetic characteristics were determined using multivariable logistic regression. HIV-1 subtype A1 accounted for 89.5% of all cases, with a prevalence of CXCR4-tropic viruses of 26.3%. WebPSSMR5X4 and Geno2Pheno [G2P:10–15% false positive rate] showed high concordance of 88%. Subjects infected with CXCR4-tropic viruses had statistically significant lower baseline CD4+T-cell counts than those infected with CCR5-tropic viruses (P = .044). Using multivariable logistic regression and adjusting for potential confounders, we found that net charge, the amino acid at position 22 of the V3 loop, and the geographic location of the subject were associated with tropism. A unit increase in V3 loop’s net-charge increased the odds of a virus being CXCR4-tropic by 2.4 times (OR = 2.40, 95%CI = 1.35–5.00, P = .007). Second, amino acid threonine at position 22 of V3 loop increased the odds of a strain being X4 by 55.7 times compared to the alanine which occurred in CCR5-tropic strains (OR = 55.7, 95%CI = 4.04–84.1, P < .003). The Kawangware sex worker outreach program clinic was associated with CXCR4-tropic strains (P = .034), but there was there was no evidence of a distinct CXCR4-tropic transmission cluster. In conclusion, this study revealed a high concordance of WebPSSMR5X4 and Geno2Pheno in predicting HIV tropism. The most striking finding was that amino acid position 22 of the V3 loop is linked to tropism in HIV-1 subtype A1. Additional studies with a large dataset are warranted to confirm our findings.