Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Near-Infrared [Fe II] Lines to Identify Active Galaxies

The ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ and ([Fe II] 1.2567 μm)/Paβ ratios provide good separation of starburst and Seyfert galaxies; we show that ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ is nearly as good a discriminant as the commonly used ([O I] λ6300)/Hα ratio. The behavior of both the ([O I] λ6300)/Hα and the ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ ratios is readily understood if there is a progression in the proportion of shock excitation going from H II region through starburst and Seyfert galaxies to supernova remnants. We use the CLOUDY program to show that the behavior is also explained if the dominant excitation mechanism is photoionization. As a test of this technique for identifying excitation mechanisms, we have obtained infrared spectra of two LINER galaxies. NGC 1052, which is thought to be excited by a nuclear power-law UV source, is the prototype of LINERs, and NGC 3504 is classified as a weak-[O I] λ6300 LINER, better understood in terms of photoionization by O stars than by a nonstellar source. The placement of these galaxies on the ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ versus ([O I] λ6300)/Hα diagram is in agreement with these previously determined characteristics. The ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ and ([Fe II] 1.2567 μm)/Paβ ratios should be useful in classifying heavily obscured galaxies because the ratios (1) are constructed at wavelengths where extinction is relatively small and (2) involve lines over narrow spectral ranges.
Quantum tests of the foundations of general relativity

A new test theory for describing tests of fundamental principles of special and general relativity is presented. Using a generalized Pauli equation which may be based on a generalized Dirac equation, possible violations of local Lorentz invariance and local position invariance on the quantum level are described. On the quantum level there are more possibilities to violate these principles than on the classical level. The corresponding terms can be tested by Hughes-Drever-type experiments or by atom interferometry. It is proposed that an atom interferometric test of local position invariance will give a three orders of magnitude improvement over existing estimates.
Level energies, lifetimes and radiative rates in the 4p44d configurations of bromine-like ions

Energy levels, lifetimes and wavefunction compositions have been computed for all levels of odd parity 4s24p5 ground configuration as well as 4s4p6 and 4s24p44d even parity excited configurations in Br-like Sr IV, Y V, Zr VI, Nb VII and Mo VIII. Transition probabilities, oscillator strengths and line strengths for the electric dipole (E1) transition from the 4s24p5 configuration have been obtained using the multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock approach. Correlations within the n = 4 complex, Breit and quantum electrodynamics effects have been included. We make a detailed comparison of our results with those of other numerical methods and experiments to assess the quality of our results. Good agreement is observed between our results and those obtained using different approaches confirm the quality of our results. Further, we have also predicted new atomic data that were not available so far and are yet to be observed.
Positivity preserving using GC1 rational quartic spline

In this paper, we study the shape preserving interpolation for positive data using a rational quartic spline which has a quartic numerator and linear denominator. The rational quartic splines have GC1 continuity at join knots. Simple data dependent constraints are derived on the shape parameters in the description of the rational interpolant. Numerical comparison between the proposed scheme and the existing scheme is discussed. The results indicate that the proposed scheme works well for all tested data sets.
Shear avalanches in metallic glasses under nanoindentation: Deformation units and rate dependent strain burst cut-off

Indented metallic glasses at the nanoscale deform via strain bursts. Conventional continuum descriptions are not appropriate for such highly stochastic, intermittent deformations. In this study, after a statistical analysis of strain bursts in five metallic glasses, the dependence of the cut-off of the strain burst size on deformation units and loading rate is established. For soft metallic glasses with smaller deformation units, cut-off of the strain burst size truncates the scale-free behavior at larger strain burst sizes. For hard metallic glasses, scale-free behavior occurs in a wide range of strain burst sizes.
Characteristics of pseudobreakups and substorms observed in the ionosphere, at the geosynchronous orbit, and in the midtail

We present a comprehensive study of a sequence of two substorms and multiple pseudobreakups using optical, magnetic and incoherent scatter radar measurements, energetic particles from two geosynchronous satellites and particle and field data from the Geotail spacecraft located at Xgsm ∼ −86 RE. Following conventional nomenclature, we classified as pseudobreakups those auroral breakups which did not exhibit significant poleward expansion (< 2° magnetic latitude). Auroral intensifications following substorm breakups were also observed, and were classified separately. Pseudobreakups were found not to differ from substorm breakups in longitudinal extent (from 1.3 to 6.1 hours of magnetic local time), or in duration (from 5 to 16 minutes). In general, the ionospheric currents producing ground magnetic disturbances were more intense during substorms than pseudobreakups. We found that pseudobreakups are associated with the same magnetospheric processes as substorm breakups which involve current wedge formation, midlatitude magnetic Pi2 pulsations and energetic particle injections at the geosynchronous altitude. Moreover, pseudobreakups are associated with magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth region, evidenced by the typical subsequent detection of a plasmoid at Geotail. This implies that the magnetotail volume influenced by a pseudobreakup is quite large in radial distance. We conclude that there is no definitive qualitative distinction between pseudobreakups and substorms but there is a continuum of states between the small pseudobreakups and large substorms.
On modelling mean‐covariance structures in longitudinal studies

We exploit a reparameterisation of the marginal covariance matrix arising in longitudinal studies (Pourahmadi, 1999, 2000) to model, jointly, the mean and covariance structures in terms of three polynomial functions of time. By reanalysing Kenward's (1987) cattle data, we compare model selection procedures based on regressogram estimation with these based on a global search of the model space. Using a BIC-based model selection criterion to identify the optimum degree triple of the three polynomials, we show that the use of a saturated mean model is not optimal and explain why regressogram-based model estimation may be misleading. We also suggest a new computational method for finding the global optimum based on a criterion involving three pairwise saturated profile likelihoods. Copyright Biometrika Trust 2003, Oxford University Press.
Velocity fields in a low-latitude coronal hole - Results from the Solar Maximum Mission

The Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) satellite has been used to observe Doppler signatures in C IV in a low-latitude coronal hole as it crossed the central meridian (1985 February 2-8). Scatter plots of C IV emission intensity versus velocity do not show the pronounced positive correlation which has been reported in other regions on the sun. These data suggest that the coronal hole may control the gross velocity field in the solar atmosphere at the level where C IV is formed. Some localized regions of upflow coincide with EUV bright points in the coronal hole. 10 references.
A new model of spin-dependent resonance at Si surfaces

Detailed measurements are reported of the variation of spin-dependent resonance (SDR) signals at Si surfaces as a function of modulation frequency, light intensity, temperature and microwave power. These cannot be accounted for by the mechanisms assumed in current theories. A new model is proposed in which the resonant variation of the photoconductivity is explained in terms of two mechanisms, spin-dependent recombination and spin-dependent trapping, taking place at multivalent centres. An expression is obtained for the SDR signal, which for the first time is capable of explaining its observed magnitude. The model allows the calculation of the number of paramagnetic centres in different experimental conditions. Its validity is tested by comparison with experimental results and by the consistent results obtained in the calculation of capture coefficients in various experimental conditions.
Exciton fine structure in strain-free GaAs/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As quantum dots: Extrinsic effects

We report polarization-resolved high spectral resolution photoluminescence measurements in self-assembled strain-free $\text{GaAs}/{\text{Al}}_{0.3}{\text{Ga}}_{0.7}\text{As}$ quantum dots designed and realized in order to reduce as much as possible strain and segregation, which affected previous fine-structure splitting (FSS) experiments. Photoluminescence from isolated quantum dots exhibits a linearly polarized FSS. FSS clearly shows a quantum size effect monotonically decreasing from 90 to $20\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{eV}$ by decreasing the quantum dot size (increasing emission energy). While this finding is similar to that observed in strained In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots, clearly it requires a different explanation, being our quantum dots not affected by strain-induced piezoelectricity. We ascribed the observed FSS to a size dependent reduction in dot shape anisotropy as evidenced by structural data analysis. Moreover the linear polarization in dots with shape close to cylindrical symmetry is not along the [110] crystallographic axis but it turns out randomly distributed, highlighting the role of extrinsic effects.
The Poincare Polynomial of a Symmetric Product

Let X be a compact polyhedron, Xn the topological product of n factors equal to X. The symmetric group Sn operates on Xn by permuting the factors, and hence if G is any subgroup of Sn we have an orbit space Xn/G obtained by identifying each point of Xn with its images under G. In particular Xn/Sn is the nth symmetric product of X, and if G is a cyclic subgroup of order n then Xn/G is the nth cyclic product of X.
Dry season feeding strategies and winter forage production by communal area sheep farmers of the Eastern Cape province in South Africa

Abstract The potential of using winter forages as a cheap, high-quality winter supplement has been investigated at an experimental level with positive results. There is no information on the extent, practices, and challenges of winter forage production by communal farmers in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In this study, we assess farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of winter forage production and the challenges that come with it, as well as the perceived benefits of communal sheep production. A total of 32 sheep farmers involved in winter forage cultivation were interviewed using a structured questionnaire in Swartwater village. Descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS 20 and categorical variables were evaluated using frequencies. Lambing was reported to be prevalent in June (36%), and poor nutrition was believed to be responsible for the high lamb mortality (42%). All respondents were supplementing mainly with maize grain (26%) and planted forages (26%). Oats (52%), radish (18%), and barley (14%) were the most planted forage species. Improved wool quality (22%) and ewe body condition (21%) were some of the benefits associated with winter forage production. For a wider adoption of forage production, the reported challenges of moisture stress (57%) and poor government support (19%) need to be addressed, and furthermore, farmer training and information sharing would speed up the process. In order to promote winter forage cultivation and integrate it into communal area farming systems, we propose further studies on proper planting guidelines to generate information to support context—specific production strategies.
Emissions of ammonia and methane from a livestock building natural cross ventilation

Agriculture, especially animal husbandry, is a major source of the greenhouse gas methane as well as the gas ammonia. In order to develop reduction measures for emissions and immissions, two factors prove to be: firstly, to determine the emission mass flow from livestock buildings, and secondly, to understand the dispersion processes in its surroundings. The quantification of emissions from livestock buildings with naturally ventilation is a particularly difficult task. The experimental uncertainties are largely unknown but are expected to be considerable. Using poor quality emission data as model input in dispersion studies (wind tunnel or numerical simulations) will produce results with limited significance. Accordingly a field study has been conducted to quantify the emission mass flow from naturally ventilated livestock buildings. During two field campaigns in summer tracer gas experiments and measurements of gas concentrations within and around two naturally ventilated cow sheds in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern were carried out, in order to estimate the emission mass flow. It was found that the measured concentrations within the livestock building strongly depend on outside conditions such as e.g. the wind direction. Large uncertainties also arise from estimates of the air ventilation rate, which determines the emission mass flow. The data analysis shows high estimated ventilation rates of 1280―1380 m 3 /h/LU (1 LU = 500kg body weight) for cow shed 1 and 1140―1180 m 3 /h/LU for cow shed 2. These results suggest ammonia emission mass flow rates of about 4 g/h/LU for cow shed 1 and about 2 g/h/LU for cow shed 2, respectively.
On weak reverse integral inequalities for mean oscillations

We prove that if f verifies a reverse Holder inequality with exponent p, 1<p<+∞, then (Mf+f #) p is a A 1 -weight of Muckenhoupt, where Mf is the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and f # the Fefferman-Stein maximal function
Later Life Care Planning and Concerns of Transgender Older Adults in Canada

While the particular health-care concerns of transgender people have been documented and transgender aging is an emerging area of scholarship, little is known about planning for later and end-of-life care among transgender older adults. As part of a larger project, focus groups and interviews were conducted with 24 transgender older adults (average age 70 years) living in five cities in Canada exploring their concerns and explicit plans for later life care. Three primary themes emerged: (a) “dealing with the day-to-day” reflecting economic precarity and transitioning in later life, (b) fractures and support within family and community, and (c) “there’s a huge gap between principle and practice” reflecting mixed experiences and perceptions of health-care services. These themes suggest that effective promotion of care planning among older transgender persons requires an appreciation of the daily exigencies of their lives and the extent and nature of social support available to them.
On the origin of mitochondria: a multilayer network approach

Backgound The endosymbiotic theory is widely accepted to explain the origin of mitochondria from a bacterial ancestor. While ample evidence supports the intimate connection of Alphaproteobacteria to the mitochondrial ancestor, pinpointing its closest relative within sampled Alphaproteobacteria is still an open evolutionary debate. Many different phylogenetic methods and approaches have been used to answer this challenging question, further compounded by the heterogeneity of sampled taxa, varying evolutionary rates of mitochondrial proteins, and the inherent biases in each method, all factors that can produce phylogenetic artifacts. By harnessing the simplicity and interpretability of protein similarity networks, herein we re-evaluated the origin of mitochondria within an enhanced multilayer framework, which is an extension and improvement of a previously developed method. Methods We used a dataset of eight proteins found in mitochondria (N = 6 organisms) and bacteria (N = 80 organisms). The sequences were aligned and resulting identity matrices were combined to generate an eight-layer multiplex network. Each layer corresponded to a protein network, where nodes represented organisms and edges were placed following mutual sequence identity. The Multi-Newman-Girvan algorithm was applied to evaluate community structure, and bifurcation events linked to network partition allowed to trace patterns of divergence between studied taxa. Results In our network-based analysis, we first examined the topology of the 8-layer multiplex when mitochondrial sequences disconnected from the main alphaproteobacterial cluster. The resulting topology lent firm support toward an Alphaproteobacteria-sister placement for mitochondria, reinforcing the hypothesis that mitochondria diverged from the common ancestor of all Alphaproteobacteria. Additionally, we observed that the divergence of Rickettsiales was an early event in the evolutionary history of alphaproteobacterial clades. Conclusion By leveraging complex networks methods to the challenging question of circumscribing mitochondrial origin, we suggest that the entire Alphaproteobacteria clade is the closest relative to mitochondria (Alphaproteobacterial-sister hypothesis), echoing recent findings based on different datasets and methodologies.
The Connections between Accretion, Jets, and Blazar Unification

For a large sample of quasi-simultaneous spectra of blazars from radio to far-infrared wavelengths, we study the correlations of the luminosity of the broad-line emission (LBLR) with the radio core luminosity (L) and the extended radio luminosity (PE). A strong correlation between log LBLR and log L is found for 48 blazars, and the slope of the linear regression equation is close to 1. Our results support the hypothesis that blazar jets are powered by energy extraction from a rapidly spinning Kerr black hole through the magnetic field provided by the accretion disk. Using partial correlation regression analysis for the same sample, we find that the linear correlation coefficient between log LBLR and log L is stronger with the effect of the redshift excluded, and the linear correlation coefficient between log LBLR and log PE is also significant. The results seem to show that the coupling of the jet and accretion disk is very tight, so that LBLR also correlates significantly with extended radio luminosity.
DETERMINANTS OF SME SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN FRONTIER MARKETS

SME competitiveness, financial stability, and and its continuity as a going concern are important considerations for companystakeholders. This research is utilizing logistic regression to examine the determinants of SME business success or failure in Cambodia. A total of 314 successful and 78 failing SMEs were examined. Information was gathered through a survey questionnaire that had been previously validated in various countries based on the financial and non-financial information of SMEs. The study found that four factors, namely the owner’s education level, owner’s marketing skills, customer complaints, and the age of the business were important in determining the success or failure of SMEs. The predictive accuracy of the model was 95.5 percent, with an R-square estimation of 64 percent. Policymakers can use the results of this study to prepare and train aspirant entrepreneurs and current SME proprietors to keep proper records and maintain financial control, and develop marketing and other skills to assist their businesses to succeed. The findings can provide insights for entrepreneurs, especially with respect to efficient resource allocations that may help avert or lessen the rate of failure among SMEs. The findings can also help strengthen the SME sector in Cambodia, by providing more employment opportunities, assisting in better income distribution, and eventually leading to long-term prosperity and competitiveness.
Remote Sensing of Surface and Cloud Properties in the Arctic from AVHRR Measurements

Abstract Algorithms to retrieve cloud optical depth and effective radius in the Arctic using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are developed, using a comprehensive radiative transfer model in which the atmosphere is coupled to the snowpack. For dark surfaces AVHRR channel 1 is used to derive visible cloud optical depth, while for bright surfaces AVHRR channel 2 is used. Independent inference of cloud effective radius from AVHRR channel 3 (3.75 μm) allows for derivation cloud liquid water path (proportional to the product of optical depth and effective radius), which is a fundamental parameter of the climate system. The algorithms are based on the recognition that the reflection function of clouds at a nonabsorbing wavelength (such as AVHRR channel 1) in the solar spectrum is primarily a function of cloud optical thickness, whereas the reflection function at a liquid water absorbing wavelength (such as AVHRR channel 3) is primarily a function of cloud particle size. For water clouds ove.
Tight-binding interatomic potentials based on total-energy calculation: Application to noble metals using molecular-dynamics simulation

We present an alternate approach to parametrizing the expression for the total energy of solids within the second-moment approximation ~SMA! of the tight-binding theory. In order to obtain the necessary parameters, we do not use the experimental values of the lattice constant, the elastic constants, and the cohesive energy, but we fit to the total energy obtained from first-principles augmented-plane-wave calculations as a function of volume. In addition, we shift the total-energy graphs uniformly so that at the minimum they give the experimental value of the cohesive energy. We have applied the above methodology to perform molecular-dynamics simulations of the noble metals. For Cu and Ag our results for vacancy formation energies, relaxed surface energies, phonon spectra, and various temperature-dependent quantities are of comparable accuracy to those found by the standard SMA, which is based on fitting to several measured data. However, our approach does not seem to work as well for Au. @S0163-1829 ~97! 00903-X#