Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo evaluation the efficiency of nitazoxanide with cationic Gemini surfactant on Cryptosporidiosis

Infection with cryptosporidiosis endangers the lives of many people with immunodeficiency, especially HIV patients. Nitazoxanide is one of the main therapeutic drugs used to treat cryptosporidiosis. However, it is poorly soluble in water, which restricts its usefulness and efficacy in immunocompromised patients. Surfactants have an amphiphilic character which indicates their ability to improve the water solubility of the hydrophobic drugs. Our research concerns the synthesis of new cationic Gemini surfactants that have the ability to improve the solubility of the drug Nanazoxide. So, we synthesized cationic Gemini surfactants. N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-N1,N3-bis(2-octadecanamidoethyl)propane-1,3-diaminium bromide (CGSPS18) and 2,2‘-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(N-(2-octadecanamidoethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethane-1-aminium) dichloride (CGSES18) and the detection of their chemical composition by spectroscopic methods, as well as studying the properties of their surfaces and their toxicity. Furthermore, the efficacy of nitazoxanide in infected mice was studied in conjunction with three different doses of surfactants. To assess the effect of nitazoxanide and surfactants, the infection was parasitologically counted before and after treatment, and the intestinal, liver, and lung tissues were also examined histopathologically. In this study, it was found that the combination of the drug nitazoxanide with surfactants, especially the compound (CGSPS18) at a concentration of 25% increased the efficacy and resulted in a percentage reduction of 90.8%. Histopathological examination revealed that the group treated with the drug nitazoxanide in combination with CGSPS18 showed the best results exhibiting an almost normal villous pattern. This study demonstrated an increase in the effectiveness of nitazoxanide when combined with surfactants, and this suggests a promising future for the use of surfactants as an adjunct to enhance the effectiveness of nitazoxanide for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, particularly HIV patients.
Effect of Substitution Degree and Homogeneity on Cyclodextrin-Ligand Complex Stability: Comparison of Fenbufen and Fenoprofen Using CD and NMR Spectroscopy

The stability of host–guest complexes of two NSAID drugs with similar physicochemical properties, fenbufen and fenoprofen, was investigated by comparing induced circular dichroism and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance methods using eight cyclodextrins of different degrees of substitution and isomeric purity as guest compounds. These cyclodextrins include native β-cyclodextrin (BCyD), 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin 50 (DIMEB50), 80 (DIMEB80) and 95% (DIMEB95) isomerically pure versions, low-methylated CRYSMEB, randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) and 4.5 and 6.3 average substitution grade hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCyD). The stability constants obtained by the two methods show good agreement in most cases. For fenbufen complexes, there is a clear trend that the stability constant increases with the degree of substitution while isomer purity has a smaller effect on the magnitude of stability constants. A significant difference was found in the case of DIMEB50 when compared to DIMEB80/DIMEB95, while the latter two are similar. In the fenbufen–fenoprofen comparison, fenbufen, with its linear axis, gives a more stable complex, while fenoprofen shows lower constants and poorly defined trends.
Numerical Investigation of the Micro-Jets Efficiency for Jet Noise Reduction

in this paper, we present aerodynamic and acoustic simulated results from a 50 mm single stream nozzle with continuous and pulsed micro-jets. It follows a former paper presenting the main results observed with continuous control and gives more detailed aerodynamic analyses on these configurations, as well as new results with pulsed micro-jets. Isothermal and hot main jet configurations are considered with an acoustic Mach number Ma = Vj/a∞ set to 0.9. Control is made through 12 micro-jets located around the nozzle exit with an impinging angle of 45 degrees to the jet axis; their temperature and velocity are identical to the main isothermal jet configuration. Instantaneous aerodynamic fields are obtained with a LES model using the MILES approach and the acoustic far field is computed with the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings surface integral formulation. When the control is active, jet flow investigations show a reduction of the turbulence in the shear layer and a decrease of the far field broadband noise, for all micro-jets configurations. Broadband noise reduction is more effective with pulsed control, which nevertheless generates penalizing tonal noises. Azimuthal analysis demonstrates that continuous control decreases all pressure modes in the near field. Pulsed control lead to a more complex behavior but also results in a global modes reduction for x/D ≥ 3. To end, computation of the thrust highlights the great interest of pulsed control for jet noise reduction, as it requires the minimum mass flow injection to work and gives the minimum thrust loss.
Statistics of Randomized Plasmonic Lattice Lasers

We study lasing in randomized lattices of silver particles in a dye-doped waveguide. We set out to answer a basic question, triggered by earlier observations of distributed feedback lasing in 2D periodic plasmonic particle lattices: how much order do you need to obtain lasing? We start from a diffractive 2D square lattice of silver nanoparticles with a pitch that satisfies the second-order Bragg diffraction condition at the emission wavelength of the dye. By randomly removing particles and by displacing particles we increase disorder. We observe that lasing at the second-order Bragg diffraction condition is very robust, with lasing even persisting when 99% of particles are removed. Above a certain amount of disorder new features appear in the spectrum as well as in the Fourier image that are due to random lasing. We classify Fourier space output on the basis of structure factor calculations. In addition we apply speckle intensity statistics analysis to real-space fluorescence images and introduce a new me.
A note on absolute Riesz summability factors

In the present paper a theorem on |N̄, pn|k summability factors of infinite series has been proved under more weaker conditions. Also we have obtained a new result concerning the |C, 1|k summability factors. Mathematics subject classification (2000): 40D15, 40F05, 40G99.
The Relationship Between Learning Style and Psychomotor Performance of Undergraduate Nursing Students in Medical-surgical Nursing in North-west, Nigeria

- Background: Medical-surgical nursing course is a critical component of the undergraduate nursing programme which provide foundations for clinical practice. Literature suggests that learning style can affect psychomotor performances of students in medical surgical nursing. Aim: This study was aimed to assess the relationship between learning style and undergraduate nursing students’ psychomotor performances of medical surgical nursing courses in North-west Nigeria. 4 objectives were achieved in the study. Methodology: Survey design was used to collect data from Departments of Nursing Science of Bayero University, Kano and Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto. The study population comprise of 812 undergraduate nursing students. A sample size of 233 students were recruited for the study. Multistage sampling technique was used in the recruitment of the study participants. Two (2) instruments were used for data collection. A total of 176 students’ questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed. Data was analysed by using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The result revealed that 57.4% of the students were females with mean age of 24.95 years. Visual (29.5%) and Kinesthetic (
Middle Hepatic Vein-Guided Cranial and Hilar Approach Using a Modified Two-Surgeon Technique in Laparoscopic Extended Left Medial Sectionectomy: A Technical Case Report With Videos

Anatomical liver resection and liver resection close to major blood vessels are quite challenging and require a high level of expertise. In addition, anatomical hepatectomy requires extensive knowledge of the positions of blood vessels and techniques for hemostasis because the resection surface is extensive and operations around blood vessels are required. A hepatic vein-guided cranial and hilar approach using a modified "two-surgeon technique" is effective in resolving these problems. Herein, we present a middle hepatic vein (MHV)-guided cranial and hilar approach using a modified two-surgeon technique in laparoscopic extended left medial sectionectomy to resolve these problems. This procedure is feasible and effective.
Family burden among caregivers of alcohol dependence: A cross-sectional study

Background: Family is the key resource for providing care to patients, including those with alcohol dependence in India. Person with alcohol dependence affects almost every (personal, social, and psychological) aspects of family life. This leads to troubles, difficulty or undesirable procedures which impact on family members and causes gigantic burden on family caregivers. Aim: Aim of the study was to assess the level of family burden among the primary caregivers of alcohol dependent patients. Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted at a drug de-addiction treatment and training centre in north India. On the basis of purposive sampling technique, 30 alcohol dependent patients were recruited from the outpatient department (OPD) with the availability of primary caregivers. With informed consent from patient and caregiver, 30 caregivers (one for each patient) were included in the study. Assessment for pattern of burden faced by the family caregivers of persons with alcohol dependence was done by using the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS). Results: Results showed that 93% caregivers were spouses and most (86.7%) of them were housewives. Every domain of care indicated moderate to severe level of burden. Alcohol dependence was associated with burden in family members. It showed high burden in rural location with low-income families. Conclusion: Alcohol dependence adversely affects the patients as well as his caregivers.
Inflations of anti-cycles and Hadwiger’s Conjecture

Let G be any graph. An inﬂation of a graph G is obtained from G ﬁrst by replacing each of its vertices with either the empty set or a complete graph, and then whenever two vertices x and y are adjacent in G we join each vertex of the replacement clique for x to each vertex of the replacement clique for y by an edge. Let G be any inﬂation of the complement of an odd cycle. It is shown that (1) χ ( G ) = max { ω ( G ) , (cid:2)| V ( G ) | / 2 (cid:3)} and (2) G (cid:4) K χ ( G ) by a short direct proof; that is to say, Hadwiger’s Conjecture holds for G . We present a comprehensive survey of the area surrounding these results.
Contactless digital financial innovation and global contagious COVID-19 pandemic in low income countries: Evidence from Uganda

Abstract Since its outbreak, Covid-19 has led to upsurge in economic inactivity, leaving many households and firms without access to and use of basic services including financial services. Specifically, with the lockdown and curfew, most traditional bank branches remained closed, leaving households without access to quality, affordable, convenient, and safe financial services. This study aims to establish whether contactless digital financial innovation like mobile money can promote access to and use of financial services in the presence of pandemic positive emotions in low-income countries. SmartPLS 3.0 was used to construct the structural equation mediation model with bootstrap based on 2,737 valid responses. It was found that contactless digital financial innovation such as mobile money significantly promotes access to and use of financial services in low-income countries under pandemic situation. Additionally, the findings showed that the use of contactless digital financial innovation promotes Covid-19 standard operating procedures in low-income countries. Cognizant to the role of human behaviour in technology adoption and usage, the structural equation model with bootstrapping revealed a 4 percentage points improvement in Covid-19 standard operating procedures due to the use of contactless mobile money channel. Accordingly, the findings could be useful in the following ways: governments in low-income countries may use it to promote public health concern under pandemic situations. Mobile money can allow individuals to store, send, and receive money during situation of limited or no movements caused by pandemic health restrictions. Besides, the use of contactless digital financial innovation may promote digital commerce in low-income countries under the pandemic situation. Similarly, mobile money can be used to promote government-to-person, person-to-person, person-to-business, and business-to-person payments under emergency situations. The findings may also help governments in low-income countries to rethink about taxes levied on mobile money.
Large Diffusion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 After the Successive Epidemiological Waves, Including Omicron, in Guinea and Cameroon: Implications for Vaccine Strategies

Abstract Background We aimed to estimate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence among the general population in Conakry, Guinea and Yaounde, Cameroon after the coronavirus disease 2019 Omicron wave. Methods We conducted population-based, age-stratified seroprevalence surveys in Conakry and Yaounde (May and June 2022). We collected demographic and epidemiologic information and dried blood spot samples that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using recombinant nucleocapsid and spike proteins with Luminex technology. Results Samples were obtained from 1386 and 1425 participants in Guinea and Cameroon, respectively. The overall age-standardized SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence against spike and nucleocapsid proteins was 71.57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.48%–75.33%) in Guinea and 74.71% (95% CI, 71.99%–77.25%) in Cameroon. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age categories. Female participants were more likely than male participants to be seropositive. The seroprevalence in unvaccinated participants was 69.6% (95% CI, 65.5%–73.41%) in Guinea and 74.8% (95% CI, 72.04%–77.38%) in Cameroon. In multivariate analysis, only age, sex, and education were independently associated with seropositivity. Conclusions These findings show a high community transmission after the different epidemiological waves including Omicron, especially among people aged >40 years. In addition, our results suggest that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been underestimated as a significant proportion of the population has already contracted the virus and that vaccine strategies should focus on vulnerable populations.
A Qualitative Profile-based Approach to Edge Detection

Edge detection is a fundamental problem of computer vision and has been widely investigated. We propose a new framework for edge detection based on edge profiles. Our approach is partly inspired by the well-known model called “active contour” which is based on minimization of the energy composed of the terms of continuity and smoothness of the contour, along with edge attraction forces of the image. We will introduce similar constructs called “worms” in which profile-forced are used. Unlike a snake which is initialized by an arbitrary curve, a worm can be initialized at a seed point. Our edge model, based on one-dimensional qualitative edge profile fitting and edge consistency, will produce one continuous edge from an initial seed point. A “profile” is defined as a finite cross-section of a two-dimensional image along a line segment. By “qualitative edge profile fitting”, we mean that, in the vicinity of an edge point, the profile from that edge point will give a local minimum value, relative to some evaluation function. The value itself is not important. “Edge consistency” means that all the profiles on the same edge should be consistent. Appropriate evaluation functions are needed for different types of edge profiles, such as step edges, ramp edges, etc. an evaluation function must meet the requirement that it will produce local minima at the positions where edges of a given type occurs in the profile. Instead of subjective thresholding, image noise is measured statistically and used as a systematic way of filtering false edges. Once an edge point is localized, parameters of the edge, such as colors on each side and edge width, can be determined by the profile of that edge point. The rest of the edge points on the same edge can be found by extended from that point, using the specific evaluation function and those edge parameters. The software architecture for achieving consistent and high quality results in this setting is a non-trivial problem we address. We develop the necessary algorithms and implement them. The results are compared to widely used edge detectors such as the Canny detector.
A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

The pedestrian evacuation process during the propagation of smoke in case with and without guider is investigated. The effects of leaders on the evacuation are considered. The model is based on the social force model for pedestrians’ motions. The advection–diffusion equation is applied for the dispersion of smoke. The movement direction of a guider is guided by the solution of the Eikonal equation. It relies on the desired speed and the smoke density. A pedestrian who is not a guider follows the rule termed ‘flow with the stream’ and ‘following the wall’. We perform different numerical experiments in a room with one and two exits. The results show that the guiders effect on the evacuation time when they are large number of individuals in simulation. It can help to increase the number of evacuees. With small number of individuals in the experiment, the effect of guiders on evacuation time is not obvious. Further, simulation results are found that the domain with two exits provides higher number of outside pedestrians than the domain with a single door. Longer evacuation time period can increase the number of evacuees. The visibility range of a pedestrian is reduced when an additional smoke source is added to the system. It decreases the number of evacuees. The results of the proposed model are discussed and compared with the existing models.
Structure of multilayered Cr(Al)N/SiOx nanocomposite coatings fabricated by differential pumping co-sputtering

A Cr(Al)N/38 vol. % SiOx hard coating was prepared on a (001) Si substrate at 250 °C in a differential pumping co-sputtering system, which has two chambers for radio frequency (RF) sputtering and a substrate holder rotating on the chambers. The composite coating was grown by alternate sputter-depositions from CrAl and SiO2 targets with flows of N2+Ar and Ar at RF powers of 200 and 75 W, respectively, on transition layers grown on the substrate. Analytical electron microscopy reveled that the Cr(Al)N/SiOx coating had a multilayered structure of Cr(Al)N crystal layers ∼1.6 nm thick and two-dimensionally dispersed amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiOx) particles with sizes of ∼1 nm or less. The a-SiOx particles were enclosed with the Cr(Al)N layers. The coating had a low indentation hardness of ∼25 GPa at room temperature, due to a high oxide fraction of 38 vol. % and a low substrate rotational speed of 1 rpm. Faster rotation and lower oxide fraction would make a-SiOx particles smaller, resulting in the formation .
The role of serotonin inhibition within the treatment of carcinoid syndrome

Carcinoid syndrome is the most frequent hormonal complication associated with neuroendocrine neoplasms. It was first reported in 1954, and the classical symptoms are diarrhoea, flushing and abdominal pain. It is caused by the secretion of several vasoactive substances, the most prominent being serotonin, which play a pathophysiological role in the clinical symptoms which characterise carcinoid syndrome. Therefore, the focus of carcinoid syndrome treatment is to reduce serotonin production and hence improve the patient’s quality of life. There are a variety of management options for carcinoid syndrome including medical, surgical and loco-regional interventional radiological procedures. The most widely used are somatostatin analogues with three clinically approved drugs: lanreotide and octreotide (first-generation) and pasireotide (second-generation). Both everolimus and interferon used in combination with octreotide have shown significant reduction in urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid compared to octreotide alone. Telotristat ethyl has been increasingly utilised for patients with symptoms despite taking somatostatin analogues. It has also been shown to have a significant improvement in bowel movement frequency which was associated with a significant improvement in quality of life. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy has proven symptomatic improvement in patients with uncontrolled symptoms. Chemotherapy is primarily reserved for patients with high proliferation tumours, with limited research on the efficacy in reducing symptoms. Surgical resection remains the optimal treatment due to being the only one that can achieve a cure. Liver-directed therapies are considered in patients where curative resection is not possible. There are therefore numerous different therapies. This paper describes the pathophysiology and therapy of carcinoid syndrome.
Stress-smoothing holes in an elastic plate: From the square lattice to the checkerboard

Minimization of the hoop stresses variation was recently advanced to form a novel and efficient criterion of the stress state optimization in a statically loaded elastic domain with a finite number of free-form holes. As a radical generalization of the well-known equi-stress principle, it offers substantial analytical and numerical advantages over direct minimization of the local stress concentration factor. Here we extend the proposed criterion beyond its primary application to the shape optimization in a regular perforated structure with the checkerboard arrangement of identical traction-free holes. The averaging nature of the stresses variation allows its effective numerical implementation in a wide range of the governing parameters at a modest computational cost. The results obtained describe in depth the elastic response of the optimal structure to applied loads.
Une classe d'opérateurs pseudo-différentiels du type de Volterra

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