Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrete and continuum descriptions of shaken granular matter

Vertically vibrated granular matter is studied using particle simulations, experiments and continuum models. We do a in-depth analysis of the granular Leidenfrost state (a density inverted, highly agitated state) and its transition to buoyancy-driven convection. In the Leidenfrost state we report the existence and characterise collective semi-periodic oscillations of the bed of grains, which are then observed experimentally. The transition to convection is then studied in detail. Correlations of the velocity field reveal fluctuating convective flows in the Leidenfrost state, which increase their correlation as the transition is approached. The critical behaviour of the transition is then determined and a new interpretation of the transition as a coupled chain of oscillators is proposed. Furthermore, the possibility of modelling granular matter as a continuum is directly tackled by following the limit of vanishing particle size in a granular hydrodynamic model. We find that it is possible to create identical macroscopic states with different number of particles, allowing us to study inherent fluctuations in particle systems. Finally, two hydrodynamic models of the vibrated bed under different approximations are solved and compared with particle simulations.
Comparing the relative efficiency of two experimental designs in wheat field trials

: This investigation was conducted in 2010/11 and 2011/12 growing seasons at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Twenty Egyptian bread wheat cultivars were evaluated in an alpha lattice design with three replications for nine characters. The aim was to compare the relative efficiency of two experimental designs based on error mean squares. In field trials, variation in soil fertility can result in substantial heterogeneity within blocks and thus, poor precision in treatment estimates resulted. For this purpose, two datasets were analyzed according to alpha lattice design and randomized complete blocks design (RCBD). For the two trials, alpha lattice design exhibited more efficient than randomized complete blocks design in reducing both the error mean squares and the coefficient of variation consequently, an efficient estimation of treatment differences, than RCBD. Average estimated relative efficiency (RE) was 9.5, 28.5, 30.0, 22.5, 40.0, 30.5, 35.0 and 28.5% for plant height, number of tillers plant -1 , spike length, number of spikelets spike -1 , number of grains spike -1 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield plant -1 and grain yield feddan -1 , respectively, indicating that the high precision to estimate treatment effects is gained significantly from using an alpha lattice design instead of RCBD. Whereas RE value of 0.98 for days to 50% heading indicated that the precision of both alpha lattice design and RCBD was similar. Mean rank comparisons for both RCBD and alpha lattice design were performed. The ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results showed that the traditional RCBD should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field trials when the number of treatments to be tested in an experiment increases to more than ten, where a homogeneous block is quite difficult to find in field experiments .
Live-Cell Imaging in Human Colonic Monolayers Reveals ERK Waves Limit the Stem Cell Compartment to Maintain Epithelial Homeostasis 2

10 The establishment and maintenance of different cellular compartments in tissues is a universal 11 requirement across all metazoans. Maintaining the correct ratio of cell types in time and space allows 12 tissues to form patterned compartments and perform complex functions. Patterning is especially 13 evident in the human colon, where tissue homeostasis is maintained by stem cells in crypt structures 14 that balance proliferation and differentiation. Here, we developed a human 2D patient derived 15 organoid (PDO) screening platform to study tissue patterning and kinase pathway dynamics in single 16 cells. Using this system, we discovered that waves of ERK signaling induced by apoptotic cells play a 17 critical role in maintaining tissue patterning and homeostasis. If ERK is activated acutely across all 18 cells instead of in wavelike patterns, then tissue patterning and stem cells are lost. Conversely, if ERK 19 activity is inhibited, then stem cells become unrestricted and expand dramatically. This work 20 demonstrates that the colonic epithelium requires coordinated ERK signaling dynamics to maintain 21 patterning and tissue homeostasis. Our work reveals how ERK can antagonize stem cells while 22 supporting cell replacement and the function of the gut.
What competencies and skills should marketing professionals possess? An exploratory approach from a professional and academic perspective

Marketing as a professional pursuit has had to confront different changes as regards the modi operandorum of both companies and consultancies. The advent of new information and communication technologies has been a game changer for society as a whole, but in the field of product and service marketing it has completely revolutionised networking and information management methods. Thus, the aim of this paper is to offer both an overview of the marketing industry’s new demands and insights into the subject that may help higher education centres to develop the most suitable curricula for their students. The research described here has employed a qualitative approach based on the knowledge and perceptions of marketing professionals working in different sectors, collected in in-depth interviews. The results highlight the urgent need to adapt curricula to new market demands and to build consensuses and collaborate with the corporate sector in this regard, in order to train professionals capable of meeting the current social and corporate challenges in a context in which old-school marketing is still important but new issues have become crucial.
Remarks on the conserved densities of the Camassa-Holm equation

It is pointed out that the higher-order symmetries of the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation are nonlocal and nonlocality poses problems to obtain higher-order conserved densities for this integrable equation (J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 2005, {\bf 38} 869-880). This difficulty is circumvented by defining a nolinear hierarchy for the CH equation and an explicit expression is constructed for the nth-order conserved density.
CAT -21A>T Variant Alters Hydroxyurea Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Brazilian Children with Sickle Cell Anemia

This study investigated the effects of the CAT -21A>T (rs7943316) variant on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in sickle cell anemia (SCA) children undergoing HU therapy. Plasma HU concentration of 12 SCA children was quantified using an HPLC/MS. Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed by electronic methods, and polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-RFLP. The mean HU oral clearance was 40 ± 16 L/h, while HU Cmax and AUC0-inf were 9998.25 ± 4023.02 ng/mL and 22605.46 ± 10041.57 ng*h/mL, respectively. The heterozygote ( CAT -21AT) genotype was found in 07 (58.33%) children, while the variant ( CAT -21TT) genotype was found in 03 (25%) of them. Association analyses showed that children with the variant genotype had increased HU clearance and decreased HU Cmax, using codominant and recessive genetic models. Moreover, the multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed the associations between the variant CAT -21T allele in homozygous and HU clearance increase and Cmax decrease. In summary, data showed a lower HU plasma exposure in Brazilian SCA children. Interestingly, we observed the association of CAT -21A>T variant with alterations in crucial HU PK parameters, suggesting that it may be a potential genetic marker related to HU PK.
Changes in the Stability Landscape of a River Basin by Anthropogenic Droughts

As water resources enter the era of the Anthropocene, the process of anthropogenic droughts arises as the interplay between climate cycles and human-centered water management in rivers. In their natural conditions, rivers exhibit a natural hydrologic variability, wet and dry cycles, that are a vital property for promoting ecological resilience. Human activities alter the temporal variability of streamflow, a resilience property of river systems. We argue that anthropogenic droughts in river basins can lead to changes in the resilience properties of the system depicted in stability landscapes. This study aims to analyze anthropogenic droughts and the changes provoked to the stability landscapes of the streamflow system of a river basin. We use 110 years of regulated and naturalized streamflow data to analyze the hydrologic variability (wet periods and droughts) of a river system. First, we determined the streamflow drought index (SDI), and the results were assessed using probability distribution functions to construct stability landscapes and explore the resilience properties of the system. The transboundary basin of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo (RGB) is used as a case study. Our main findings include evidence of resilience erosion and alterations to the properties of the stability landscape by the human-induced megadrought in the RGB, which resulted from extensive anthropogenic alteration and fragmentation of the river system. The novelty of this research is to provide a baseline and move forward into quantifying ecological resilience attributes of river basins in water resources planning and management.
Some more fossil woods from the Tertiary of Burma

Fossil woods comparable to Shorea ovata of Dipterocarpaceae, Swintonia floribunda of Anacardiaceae, Albizia lebbek of Leguminosae, Careya arborea of Lecythidaceae, Lagerstroemia venusta of Lythraceae and Araucaria-Agathis of Araucariaceae have been described here from the Neogene of Burma. One more petrified wood Dipterocarpoxylon holdeni Gupta (1935) has been reinvestigated and found to belong to Cynometroxylon Chowdhury & Ghosh (1946) of the family Leguminosae. All these species except Araucaria-Agathis occur in the present day flora of Burma and nearby areas indicating a somewhat similar climate and vegetation in this region since the Neogene.
Effect of precursor concentration in atomic layer deposition of Al2O3

The effect of precursor gas-phase concentration in atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 on Si(001) using Al(CH3)3 and H2O was investigated. Film growth rate was found to vary with Al(CH3)3 and H2O partial pressure, indicating that the process operates in a regime where complete conversion of surface sites is not reached when reactions self-extinguish. Higher precursor concentrations lead to higher conversion of surface sites as evidenced by faster film growth per ALD cycle. However, higher H2O concentrations also result in increasing amounts of aluminum silicate at the Al2O3/Si(001) interface. In addition to lower dielectric constants, flatband voltages increase by 0.5–0.6 V. Flatband voltage did not depend on the thickness of the interfacial layer as films with comparable capacitance equivalent thickness and interfacial thicknesses ranging from 2.2 to 11.1 A yielded identical flatband voltages. Interfacial silicate could be eliminated completely by reducing the gas-phase concentration of H2O, permittin.
No Work For a Theory of Universals

Several variants of Lewis’s Best System Account of Lawhood have been proposed that avoid its commitment to perfectly natural properties. There has been little discussion of the relative merits of these proposals, and little discussion of how one might extend this strategy to provide natural property-free variants of Lewis’s other accounts, such as his accounts of duplication, intrinsicality, causation, counterfactuals, and reference. We undertake these projects in this paper. We begin by providing a framework for classifying and assessing the variants of the Best System Account. We then evaluate these proposals, and identify the most promising candidates. We go on to develop a proposal for systematically modifying Lewis’s other accounts so that they, too, avoid commitment to perfectly natural properties. We conclude by briefly considering a different route one might take to developing natural property-free versions of Lewis’s other accounts, drawing on recent work by Williams (this volume).
DETOXIFICATION OF AFLATOXIN M1 on LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN CONTAMINATED WITH IT MILK.

Commercial skim milk, naturally and artificially contaminated with aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), was incubated with 4 lactic acid bacteria; L. casei sub sp. casei (ATCC15008), L. acidophilus (ATCC 11975), L. sp. GG (ATCC 53103) and L.rhamnosus (ATCC 10863). In samples "spiked" with AFM 1 (0.8ng/ml) the coagulation time of all 4 isolates increased while the pH of the treatments reduced compared to control (contaminated skim milk before starter addition and incubation). All 4 bacteria also caused a reduction in AFM1 level ranging from 26.2- 34.0% depending upon the bacterial isolate, during the coagulation period, whereas AFM1 levels were reduced to only trace levels after storage at room temperature for about 48 hours. Thus, the bacteria used in the conversion of milk to milk products such as yogurt appeared to be very effective in reducing and even elimination of AFM 1 in milk
Nutritional profile and its association with perception of body image and use of psychotropic drugs in people with mental disorders: a cross-sectional study

This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and the perception of the body image of patients with mental disorders, verifying the relationship between the use of psychotropic drugs and the nutritional profile. It is an exploratory cross-sectional study in a psychiatric clinic hospital in Northeast Brazil. The questionnaire developed for this research was used, with validated questions, organized into five sections: (1) sociodemographic data, (2) questions about the disease, (3) body weight history, (4) anthropometric measurements data, and (5) body image. We used the silhouette scale validated in Brazil to assess body image, and for nutritional status, we collected weight, height, and waist circumference in all participants. Descriptive statistical analysis and the chi-square test were used, adopting a significance level of 5%. A total of 120 patients participated in the study: 70.8% were hospitalized, and 63.3% were male. The results showed an association between the use of psychotropic drugs and variables related to weight and the presence of arterial hypertension. After starting treatment, 86.4% of the participants using antidepressants said they had gained weight involuntarily. Body image distortion and great body dissatisfaction were found, especially in the overweight group. It was concluded that the use of psychotropic drugs was related to outcomes related to weight, and the nutritional profile of overweight was associated with dissatisfaction and distortion of body self-image.
On some plant fossils from the Pariwar Formation

The paper reports on plant megafossils found in the lower part of the Pariwar (Parihar) Formation exposod in the Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan. The plant fossils belong to the groups Filicales, Cycadales, Bennettitales and Coniferales. The identifiable species are: ? Gleichenites sp. , Phlebopteris sp. , Frond type I, Taeniopteris vitlata, T. densinervis, T. spatulata, Pterophyllum sp. , Otozamites imbricatus, Ptilophyllum acutifolium, Elatocladus conferta, ? Elatocladus sp. and Pagiophyllum sp. In general composition the fossil assemblage is more akin to that known from the Kutch Basin of Gujarat, and is probably Upper Jurassic in age.
New cyanophycean remains from the Blaini formation (terminal neoproterozoic sequence) of Mussoorie syncline, Lesser Himalaya, India

A new algal form, Blainiella gen. nov., comparable in its morphological aspects to the modern form Hyella, is recorded from the Blaini Formation, Mussoorie Syncline. The fossil shows linear filament formed of rectangular cells placed end to end; reproduction by endosporulation, thick globular endospores formed towards terminal end of linear filaments, baeocytes formed within endospores by cytoplasm desmochesis and released by wall dissolution of endospores, each baeocyte forms linear filament by vegetative reproduction. This new genus represents different stages of life cycles of microbiota reported earlier from the same formation by Joshi et al., (1988).
Liquidity and Investment in General Equilibrium

This paper studies the implications of trading frictions in financial markets for firms’ investment and dividend choices and their aggregate consequences. When equity shares trade in frictional asset markets, the firm’s problem is time-inconsistent, and it is as if it faces quasi-hyperbolic discounting. The transmission of trading frictions to the real economy crucially depends on the firms’ ability to commit. In a calibrated economy without commitment, larger trading frictions imply lower capital and production. In contrast, if firms can commit, trading frictions affect asset prices but have no effect on capital and production. Our findings rationalize several empirical regularities on liquidity and investment. JEL Classifications: E44, G32, G12.
Glaucomatous Versus Non-Glaucomatous Optic Disc Cupping

Propose : Cupping of the optic nerve head is a classic sign of glaucoma; however non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies can cause changes of the optic nerve head as well. Currently, information from visual field (VF) examination by automated perimetry, optic nerve head pallor and visual acuity are used to aid in differentiating glaucomatous from non-glaucomatous optic nerve cupping. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to have good reproducibility of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL thickness) measures and monitoring glaucomatous disease progression. Aim of work: The current study was conducted to differentiate between glaucomatous from non-glaucomatous optic disc cupping based on clinical and investigation methods. Patients and Methods: This study included a total of 50 eyes with optic cupping; 32 eyes with glaucoma, 8 eyes with neurological disorders, 8 eyes with physiological cupping and only two eyes glaucoma suspects. All patients were subjected to ophthalmic examinations and investigations to assess causes of optic disc cupping. Results : There was no significant difference between studied groups regarding cup to disc ratio. There was statistically significant difference between studied groups regarding ISNT rule (that normal eyes show a characteristic configuration for disc rim thickness of inferior ≥ superior ≥ nasal ≥ temporal), only 28.1% of eyes in glaucoma group followed the rule, compared with 50.0% in neurological disorders. All eyes with physiologic cupping or who were glaucoma suspect followed that rule. No visual field defects were detected in physiological cupping and glaucoma suspect eyes, although glaucomatous eyes showed visual field defects respecting the horizontal meridian in most of the studied eyes, while neurological disorders eyes respected the vertical meridian. Conclusion: Visual field and OCT appeared to be a useful technology in evaluation non-glaucomatous optic disc cupping, as the pattern of RNFL loss was varied depending upon the etiology. Optical coherence tomography is non- invasive rapidly obtained imaging tool that employs near infrared light to create cross sectional images of retina and optic nerve head, and also to analyze the optic nerve head, macula and retinal nerve fiber layers. 6, 7 Optical coherence tomography has been shown to have good reproducibility in RNFL thickness measures , suggesting that it may be useful clinical tool to monitor glaucomatous disease progression. 8 . Visual field testing also can be used to measure severity of visual loss in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous optic nerve damage. Optic nerve examination usually reveals thinning of neuro retinal rim in patterns corresponding to visual field loss. 9
The fossil floras of Kachchh- IV. Tertiary palynostratigraphy

The palynological work so far done on the various Tertiary sediments of Kachchh has been reassessed and new information added. Many genera have been redefined and new genera, viz., Intrareticulites, Retitribrevicolporites, Dermatobrevicolporites, Triangulorites, Arengapollenites, Minutitricolporites, Acanthotricolpites, Angulocolporites, Pseudonyssapollenites, Pilatricolporites, Tribrevicolporites, Triangulotricolporites, Retitetrabrevicoporites, Tripilaorites, Ligulifloraedites, Spinulotetradites, Verrudandotiaspora, Tricolporopilites, Tricolporocolumellites, Ratariacolporites, Plicatiaperturites, Palaeomalvaceaepollis, Pilapanporites, Verrupolyporites, Khariasporites, Magnamonocolpites and Hibisceaepollenites have been proposed. On the basis of relative frequency of all taxa the Matanomadh Formation (Palaeocene) has been divided into (i) Barren Zone, (ii) Dandotiaspora dilata Cenozone, (iii) Tricolpites minutus Cenozone, (iv) Couperipollis kutchensis Cenozone, and (v) Sponge spicules Zone; Naredi Formation (Lower Eocene) has been divided into (i) Lakiapollis ovatus Cenozone, and (ii) Lygodiumsporites lakiensis Cenozone. The Middle Eocene palynological assemblage has been divided into Proxapertites microreticulatus Cenozone for Harudi Formation and Cheilanthoidspora enigmata Cenozone for the Rataria bore-core. Maniyara Fort Formation (Oligocene) has been divided into (i) Operculodinium centrocarpum Cenozone, (ii) Trisyncolpites ramanujamii Cenozone, and (iii) Aplanosporites robustus Cenozone and Khari Nadi Formation (Miocene) has been classified into (i) Cordosphaeridium cantharellum Cenozone, (ii) Striatriletes susannae Cenozone, and (iii) Operculodinium israelianum Cenozone. Thus in total, there are approximately 179 spore-pollen species in Palaeocene, Lower and Middle Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene. Of them, 42 species are confined to Palaeocene, 39 species to Eocene, 25 species to Oligocene and 21 species to Miocene. The Lower Eocene has maximum number (113) of spore-pollen species. The population gradually decreases and in Miocene only three species of angiosperms are recorded. On the basis of morphological characters of spores and pollen grains the families Parkeriaceae, Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae, Clusiaceae, Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Acacieae, Caesalpiniaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Lecythidaceae, Meliaceae, Ctenolophonaceae, Polygalaceae, Alangiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Arecaceae could be recognized. The palynological cenozones proposed in this paper have also been compared with other known assemblages from India.
ESTAR model with multiple fixed points. Testing and Estimation

In this paper we propose a globally stationary augmentation of the Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (ESTAR) model that allows for multiple fixed points in the transition function. An F-type test statistic for the null of nonstationarity against such globally stationary nonlinear alternative is developed. The test statistic is based on the standard approximation of the nonlinear function under the null hypothesis by a Taylor series expansion. The model is applied to the U.S real interest rate data for which we find evidence of the new ESTAR process.