Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Echocardiographic Evidence of Trace Mitral and Aortic Valve Regurgitation in 50 Clinically Healthy, Young Adult Labrador Retrievers without Heart Murmur

Simple Summary Screening for various disorders lowers the chance for spreading hereditary diseases by selecting individuals for breeding that do not have that specific disorder. Screening examinations, which are typically performed in clinically healthy animals, can pick up diseases in an early stage, when clinical signs are absent. On the other hand, screenings might also reveal anomalies of questionable relevance. In the present study, healthy young Labrador retrievers were screened with cardiac ultrasound for congenital heart defects. In half of the dogs, a small leakage of a cardiac valve was found, which finding is often a sign of a heart disease. However, in this breed and age group, this leaky valve is most likely innocent and represents a variation of normal. Abstract Background—Though physiologic regurgitation of the right-sided cardiac valves is well recognized in dogs and other mammals, the prevalence of trace insufficiency of the mitral and aortic valves in clinically healthy, young adult dogs is unknown. Methods—In this observational cross-sectional study, 50 clinically healthy, young adult Labrador retrievers without an audible heart murmur were enrolled. All dogs were bred and owned by a single organization. Cardiac screening was requested for all dogs that were intended for breeding. These dogs underwent a cardiac auscultation and transthoracic echocardiography by a veterinary cardiology specialist. If mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was noticed, the jet size was subjectively assessed on color Doppler echocardiography. Pedigree analysis was performed to reveal a possible hereditary background of mitral valve regurgitation. Results—The prevalence of trivial mitral valve regurgitation was 52% with no significant predisposition to gender (p = 0.86) or haircoat color (p = 0.68). The prevalence of aortic valve regurgitation was 4%. Pedigree analysis for mitral valve regurgitation showed familial clustering, suggesting a hereditary background of the trait. Conclusions—The prevalence of silent trace mitral valve regurgitation in young adult Labrador retrievers was high. Because the regurgitant jet was trivial in all dogs, it is probably physiologic.
The Hartle-Thorne circular geodesics

The Hartle-Thorne metric is an exact solution of vacuum Einstein field equations that describes the exterior of any slowly and rigidly rotating, stationary and axially symmetric body. The metric is given with accuracy up to the second order terms in the body's angular momentum, and first order in its quadrupole moment. We give, with the same accuracy, analytic formulae for circular geodesics in the Hartle-Thorne metrics. They describe angular velocity, angular momentum, energy, epicyclic frequencies, shear, vorticity and Fermi-Walker precession. These quantities are relevant to several astrophysical phenomena, in particular to the observed high frequency, kilohertz Quasi Periodic Oscillations (kHz QPOs) in the X-ray luminosity from black hole and neutron star sources. It is believed that kHz QPO data may be used to test the strong field regime of Einstein's general relativity, and the physics of super-dense matter of which neutron stars are made of.
Testing the effects of opacity and the chemical mixture on the excitation of pulsations in B stars

The B-type pulsators known asβ Cephei and Slowly Pulsating B (SPB) stars present pulsations driven by theκ mechanism, which operates thanks to an opacity bump due to the iron group elements. In low-metallicity environments such as the Magellanic Clouds,β Cep and SPB pulsations are not expected. Nevertheless, recent observations show evidence for the presence of B-type pulsator candidates in both galaxies. We seek an explanation for the excitation ofβ Cep and SPB modes in those galaxies by examining basic input physics in stellar modelling: i) the specific metal mixture of B-type stars in the Magellanic Clouds; ii) the role of a potential underestimation of stellar opacitie s. We first derive the present-day chemical mixtures of B-type s tars in the Magellanic Clouds. Then, we compute stellar models for that metal mixture and perform a non-adiabatic analysis of these models. In a second approach, we simulate parametric enhancements of stellar opacities due to different iron group elements. We then study their effects in models of B stars and their stability. We find that adopting a representative chemical mixture of B s tars in the Small Magellanic Cloud cannot explain the presence of B-type pulsators there. An increase of the opacity in the region of the iron-group bump could drive B-type pulsations, but only if this increase occurs at the temperature corresponding to the maximum contribution of Ni to this opacity bump. We recommend an accurate computation of Ni opacity to understand B-type pulsators in the Small Magellanic Cloud, as well as the frequency domain observed in some Galactic hybrid β Cep-SPB stars.
Application of first arrival seismic tomography in a glaciated basin: implications for paleo-ice stream development

Abstract Ice streams are sites of ice-sheet drainage and together with other processes, such as calving, have an impact on deglaciation rates and ice-sheet mass balance. Proglacial lake deposits provide records of ice-sheet deglaciation and have the potential to supplement other paleoclimate records. Oneida Lake, northeastern USA, contains a thick proglacial lake sequence that buries evidence of ice streaming and a paleo-calving margin that developed during retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Previous high-resolution digital elevation models identified the Oneida Ice Stream from glacial landforms northwest of the lake. In this study, we utilize seismic refractions from a multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection dataset to estimate the thickness of glacial deposits using seismic tomography. With this method we constrain the depth to top of Paleozoic strata, especially in areas where the reflection data yielded poor outcomes and validate our reflection data in regions of good coverage. We demonstrate that where long offset seismic data are available, the first-arrival tomography method is useful in studies of formerly glaciated basins. Our study identifies a ~108 m thick sedimentary section and potentially long paleoclimate record in Oneida Lake, and identifies a paleotopographic low that likely encouraged formation of the Oneida Ice Stream.
Optimal Control and Stochastic Estimation: Theory and Applications

VOLUME 1: A Time Domain Analysis of Deterministic Optimal Control Problems Frequency Domain Analysis of Deterministic Optimal Control The Asymptotic Behaviour of the Optimal Root Loci The Design of Optimal Control Systems by Cost Weight Selection Maximal Accuracy for Optimal Linear Regulators Optimal Control Structures Deterministic Industrial Control Systems VOLUME 2: A Time Domain Analysis of Filtering and Smoothing Problems Frequency Domain Analysis of Filtering and Smoothing Problems Time-domain Analysis of the Optimal Stochastic Linear Control Problem Extensions and Assessment of Time Domain Linear Quadratic Gaussian Controllers Frequency Domain Analysis of Linear Stochastic Optimal Control Problems: A Polynomial Matrix Approach Optimal Self-tuning Control Systems Stochastic Industrial Control Systems
Proactive Criminal Thinking and Restrictive Deterrence: A Pathway to Future Offending and Sanction Avoidance

Perceived crime benefit and criminal thinking are essential factors in predicting future offending. However, less is known about how the interaction of the two influences individuals’ perception and cognition of crime. This study explores whether proactive criminal thinking mediates the effect of perceived crime benefit, and tests whether restrictive deterrence influences these pathways. Using a drug dealer sample that was drawn from the Second RAND Inmate Survey, this paper finds that proactive criminal thinking significantly mediates the effect of perceived crime benefit on future offending, criminal self-efficacy, and future sanction avoidance. Mediation pathways are enhanced when taking a heterogeneous crime strategy as a moderator, but only in the experienced drug dealer subsample. These results suggest that proactive criminal thinking is a route for channeling the effects of perceived crime benefit, and an amplifier for bringing restrictive deterrence into play. Both roles apply to experienced offenders rather than less-experienced offenders. Integrating restrictive deterrence with individuals’ perception and cognition of crime is a meaningful attempt to fit restrictive deterrence into a broader theoretical map.
Temperature-dependent mechanical properties of monolayer black phosphorus by molecular dynamics simulations

The temperature-dependent stress-strain relations of monolayer black phosphorus (BP) under biaxial and uniaxial tension as well as shear deformation are investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The predicted strength and moduli are in good agreement with the available results from the first-principle method. In particular, the amplitude to wavelength ratio of wrinkles under shear deformation using MD simulations also agrees well with that from the existing theory. This study provides physical insights into the origins of the temperature-dependent mechanical properties of the monolayer BP.
Probabilistic Genotyping of Single Cell Replicates from Mixtures Involving First-Degree Relatives Prevents the False Inclusions of Non-Donor Relatives

Analysis of complex DNA mixtures comprised of related individuals requires a great degree of care due to the increased risk of falsely including non-donor first-degree relatives. Although alternative likelihood ratio (LR) propositions that may aid in the analysis of these difficult cases can be employed, the prior information required for their use is not always known, nor do these alternative propositions always prevent false inclusions. For example, with a father/mother/child mixture, conditioning the mixture on the presence of one of the parents is recommended. However, the definitive presence of the parent(s) is not always known and an assumption of their presence in the mixture may not be objectively justifiable. Additionally, the high level of allele sharing seen with familial mixtures leads to an increased risk of underestimating the number of contributors (NOC) to a mixture. Therefore, fully resolving and identifying each of the individuals present in familial mixtures and excluding related non-donors is an important goal of the mixture deconvolution process and can be of great investigative value. Here, firstly, we further investigated and confirmed the problems encountered with standard bulk analysis of familial mixtures and demonstrated the ability of single cell analysis to fully distinguish first-degree relatives (FDR). Then, separation of each of the individual donors via single cell analysis was carried out by a combination of direct single cell subsampling (DSCS), enhanced DNA typing, and probabilistic genotyping, and applied to three complex familial 4-person mixtures resulting in a probative gain of LR for all donors and an accurate determination of the NOC. Significantly, non-donor first-degree relatives that were falsely included (LRs > 102–108) by a standard bulk sampling and analysis approach were no longer falsely included using DSCS.
The Influence of Mayors’ Characteristics and Elections on the Composition of Brazilian Municipalities’ Expenditures

This paper disentangles the main factors conditioning the levels and composition of public expenditures on a large panel of Brazilian municipalities. Using the IMF’s classification of expense by functions of government, it is possible to analyze how personal characteristics of Brazilian mayors influence the fiscal policy. Empirical results suggest that expenditures increase during the year before election years. During local election years, there is no evidence of an opportunistic manipulation of expenditure composition. However, in the year before local election, mayors favor items highly visible and appreciated by the electorate, such as housing and community amenities, and recreation, culture, and religion. Political alignment with matters both for the level and weights of expenditures by function. Mayors’ ideology is associated with lower weight of recreation, culture, and religion. Ideology, gender, university education and party similarity with higher levels of government are relevant at local election years. We also find demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of municipalities influence the level of expenditures.
Current sheet scattering and ion isotropic boundary under 3‐D empirical force‐balanced magnetic field

To determine statistically the extent to which current sheet scattering is sufficient to account for the observed ion isotropic boundaries (IBs) for <30 keV ions, we have computed IBs from our 3‐D empirical force‐balanced magnetic field, identified IBs in FAST observations, and investigated the model‐observation consistency. We have found in both model and FAST results the same dependences of IB latitudes on magnetic local time, ion energy, Kp, and solar wind dynamic pressure (PSW) levels: IB moves to higher latitudes from midnight toward dawn/dusk and to lower latitudes as energy increases and as Kp or PSW increases. The model predicts well the observed energy dependence, and the modeled IB latitudes match fairly well with those from FAST for Kp = 0. As Kp increases, the latitude agreement at midnight remains good but a larger discrepancy is found near dusk. The modeled IBs at the equator are located around the earthward boundary of highly isotropic ions observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms at midnight and postmidnight, but with some discrepancy near dusk under high Kp. Thus, our results indicate that current sheet scattering generally plays the dominant role. The discrepancies suggest the importance of pitch angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, which occur more often from dusk to noon and are more active during higher Kp. The comparison with the observed IBs is better with our model than under the nonforce‐balanced T89, indicating that using a forced‐balanced model improves the description of the magnetic field configuration and reinforces our conclusions regarding the role of current sheet scattering.
The deadly effect of day-to-day temperature variation in the United States

Recent research has found anthropogenic forcing to also affect day-to-day variability of temperatures. For many people, the climate is not only becoming hotter but also more volatile. Based on the new climate-economy literature, I explore the historical impact of day-to-day temperature variation on mortality in the United States over a 35-year period. I find that an extra +1 ∘ C of daily temperature variability caused an additional 0.206 deaths per 100 000, equal to a 0.28% increase in the average monthly mortality rate. There is, however, evidence of adaptation to daily temperature variability as income and access to air-conditioning have increased and as people have become accustomed to large seasonal variation in temperatures. Given the deadly effect of day-to-day temperature variation, falling average daily temperature variability in the US since 1970 could have resulted in as many as 1400 and 1600 premature deaths avoided every winter and summer, respectively. In comparison, the increase in the number of days with a mean temperature above 35 ∘C could have caused an additional 655 premature deaths every year. These back-of-the-envelope calculations show that current estimates of the social cost of carbon are omitting an important channel for the mortality impact of climate change by not considering this additional effect of temperature volatility.
AN ATLAS OF z = 5.7 AND z = 6.5 Lyα EMITTERS,

We present an atlas of 88 z ∼ 5.7 and 30 z ∼ 6.5 Lyα emitters obtained from a wide-field narrowband survey. We combined deep narrowband imaging in 120 Å bandpass filters centered at 8150 Å and 9140 Å with deep BVRIz broadband imaging to select high-redshift galaxy candidates over an area of 4180 arcmin2. The goal was to obtain a uniform selection of comparable depth over the seven targeted fields in the two filters. For the GOODS-North region of the Hubble Deep Field-North field, we also selected candidates using a 120 Å filter centered at 9210 Å. We made spectroscopic observations with Keck DEIMOS of nearly all the candidates to obtain the final sample of Lyα emitters. At the 3.3 Å resolution of the DEIMOS observations the asymmetric profile for Lyα emission can be clearly seen in the spectra of nearly all the galaxies. We show that the spectral profiles are surprisingly similar for many of the galaxies and that the composite spectral profiles are nearly identical at z = 5.7 and z = 6.5. We analyze the distributions of line widths and Lyα equivalent widths and find that the lines are marginally narrower at the higher redshift, with median values of 0.77 Å at z = 6.5 and 0.92 Å at z = 5.7. The line widths have a dependence on the Lyα luminosity of the form ∼L0. 3α. We compare the surface densities and the luminosity functions at the two redshifts and find that there is a multiplicative factor of two decrease in the number density of bright Lyα emitters from z = 5.7 to z = 6.5, while the characteristic luminosity is unchanged.
Single- and Multilayered Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites materials have emerged as an innovative candidate in the development of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, due to their appealing electrical and optical properties. Herein, mix halide single-layer (~95 nm) and multilayer (average layer ~87 nm) CH3NH3PbIBr2 thinfilms were grown by a one-step spin coating method. In this study, both films maintained their perovskite structure along with the appearance of a pseudo-cubic phase of (200) at 30.16°. Single-layer and multilayer CH3NH3PbIBr2 thinfilms displayed leaky ferroelectric behavior, and multilayered thinfilm showed a leakage current of ~5.06 × 10−6 A and resistivity of ~1.60 × 106 Ω. cm for the applied electric field of 50 kV/cm. However, optical analysis revealed that the absorption peak of multilayered perovskite is sharper than a single layer in the visible region rather than infrared (IR) and near-infrared region (NIR). The band gap of the thinfilms was measured by Tauc plot, giving the values of 2.07 eV and 1.81 eV for single-layer and multilayer thinfilms, respectively. The structural analysis has also been performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Moreover, the fabricated CH3NH3PbIBr2 as an absorber layer for photoelectric cell demonstrated a power conversion efficiency of 7.87% and fill factor of 72%. Reported electrical, optical and photoelectric efficiency-based results suggest that engineered samples are suitable candidates for utilization in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
Understanding the Evolution of Smoke Mass Extinction Efficiency Using Field Campaign Measurements

Aerosol mass extinction efficiency (MEE) is a key aerosol property used to connect aerosol optical properties with aerosol mass concentrations. Using measurements of smoke obtained during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) campaign we find that mid‐visible smoke MEE can change by a factor of 2–3 between fresh smoke (<2 hr old) and one‐day‐old smoke. While increases in aerosol size partially explain this trend, changes in the real part of the aerosol refractive index (real(n)) are necessary to provide closure assuming Mie theory. Real(n) estimates derived from multiple days of FIREX‐AQ measurements increase with age (from 1.40 – 1.45 to 1.5–1.54 from fresh to one‐day‐old) and are found to be positively correlated with organic aerosol oxidation state and aerosol size, and negatively correlated with smoke volatility. Future laboratory, field, and modeling studies should focus on better understanding and parameterizing these relationships to fully represent smoke aging.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS LABA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Alokasi Pajak Antar Periode, Book Tax Difference, dan Tingkat Efektivitas Pengenaan Pajak Terhadap Kualitas Laba pada perusahaan jasa subsektor transportasi yang terdaftar Di Bursa Efek pada tahun 2017-2019. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Asosiatif Kausal dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebanyak 33 Laporan keuangan perusahaan Jasa subsektor transportasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Alokasi Pajak Antar Periode, Book Tax Difference, dan Tingkat Efektivitas Pengenaan Pajak baik secara Parsial dan Simultan tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Laba. Penelitian selanjutnya mungkin dapat mempertimbangkan variabel Book Tax Difference dengan menggunakan dua proksi yaitu perbedaan temporer dan perbedaan permanen serta perluasan sampel yang diteliti.
Comparison of growth performance and carcass traits of native lambs in Bangladesh

The aim of this study was to compare the productive and carcass traits of native region lambs of Bangladesh. A total 30 lambs were taken for productive performances from three regions (Jamuna basin, Barind region and Coastal belt) and total 27 lambs were considered for evaluating carcass traits parameters for 3 treatment groups (T1= 6 months, T2= 9 months, T3=12 months). Statistical analysis was conducted by SAS where statistical model was 3×2(growth performance) and 3×3 (growth performance and carcass traits) factorial experimental model in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Both sex and lamb types had significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight at different ages. Among all lamb types, Coastal belt lamb(CBL) had the highest body weight (1.65, 6.55, 12.81, 15.59, and 19.97) kg followed by Jamuna basin lamb (JBL) (1.45, 6.51, 9.48, 13.86 and 17.21) kg and Barind region lamb (BRL) (1.5, 5.69, 8.88, 11.44 and 13.24) kg at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. The ADG was significantly higher in JBL and CBL (59.07 and 61.17g/d) than BRL (53.15 g/d). Dressing % was higher in later ages; 9 and 12 months (47.38 and 47.04%). Lamb types and slaughter ages had significant effect (p<0.05) on blood, skin, viscera, head, leg, pluck, neck, shoulder, rack and loin wt. % except shank where only slaughter ages had significant effect but effect of lamb types was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Lamb types (T), slaughter ages (L) and its interaction (T×L) had significant effect (p<0.05) on kidney, liver, heart, lung and spleen wt%. The CBL showed superior performances over JBL and BRL in terms of overall body weight and their carcass traits parameters largely varied in different lamb types for different slaughter ages were the core findings of the present study.