Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some correlates of maternal depression.

This study investigated the relationship of situational stressors and of personality traits to self-esteem and depression. This proposed relationship was investigated through the administration of measures of the four sets of variables: situational stress, personality traits, self-esteem, and depression. Ninety mothers attending a children's mental health clinic and 30 women volunteers who constituted a comparison group completed a questionnaire made up of six measures. The first variable-set, situational stress, was assessed through a life-situations questionnaire constructed by the author. The second set of variables, personality traits, was evaluated through three scales measuring the need to be loved, the need to be good, and the need to be strong; these are personality traits posited by E, Bibring (1953) to predispose to depression. The measures were the Succorance subscale from Jackson's Personality Research Form (JSS), Mosher's Guilt-about-Hostility Inventory (MGHI), and the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC). Self-esteem was measured by Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Measure (RSE). Finally, depression was assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). To control for variables that might mislead one about causal connections among the four variable-sets, the investigator also gathered information about age, marital status, number and age of children, and social status. The author predicted that the personality trait scores and iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Lhe life situaLion ;scores would positively correlate with self-esteem and depression. Further, the author predicted chat the first two variables would add significantly to the prediction of depression. Finally, it was predicted that personality traits and life situation would interact such that there would be a conditional relationship between these two variables in the prediction of self-esteem and depression. The PSOC was the only measure of the personality traits that had positive correlations with self-esteem and depression. The Life Situations Questionnaire correlated positively. The self-esteem scores and the life situation scores were found to do better in predicting BDI scores than either one alone, but the personality trait variables did not add to the prediction when added to the other two groups of predictor variables. A path analysis and a LISREL analysis determined results similar to the above. There were no significant interactions between personality traits and life situation in the prediction of self-esteem and depression. The present study failed to confirm Bibring's hypothesis regarding the mechanisms of depression. Persons having the three preparatory personality traits posited by Bibring do not have lower self-esteem and do not become depressed when faced with frustrating life circumstances. Alternative explanations such as those of Rado (1951) and of Heider (1958) may better describe the data.
Potential Role of B-Cells in Compromizing Graft Outcome in KidneyTransplantation

Introduction Incremental increase in the frequency of memory vs naïve B cells has been associated with poor long-term allograft survival. Role of graft-specific B cells in chronic allograft rejection is still unknown. Identification ofgraftspecific B cellsis of importance in better understanding the mechanisms of graft lesions, earlier diagnosis of acute &chronic rejection, and to guide specific B cell-targeted therapy. This review article provides overview of research surrounding the importance of graft specific B cells in kidney transplantation.
The Effects of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Bacteria in Healthy 2 to 4 Year Olds. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

RATIONALE Viral infections of the upper respiratory tract may influence the commensal nasopharyngeal bacteria. Changes in the bacterial niche could affect transmission dynamics. Attenuated vaccine viruses can be used to investigate this empirically in humans. OBJECTIVES To study the effects of mild viral upper respiratory infections on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization using live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) as a surrogate. METHODS We used trivalent LAIV to evaluate the effects of viral infection on bacterial carriage and density of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 151 healthy children were randomized 1:1 to receive the vaccine starting either at recruitment (n = 74) or 28 days later (n = 77) in a stepped wedge fashion, allowing comparisons between recipients and nonrecipients as well as whole-group comparisons pre- and postvaccination. Bacterial carriage and density were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 151 children were recruited, 77 in the LAIV group and 74 in the control group. LAIV recipients (n = 63 analyzed) showed an apparent transient increase in H. influenzae carriage but no further significant differences in carriage prevalence of the four bacterial species compared with controls (n = 72 analyzed). S. pneumoniae density was substantially higher in vaccine recipients (16,687 vs. 1935 gene copies per milliliter) 28 days after the first dose (P < 0.001). Whole-group multivariable analysis (prevaccine, after one dose, and after two doses) also showed increases in density of other species and H. influenzae carriage prevalence. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of any safety signals despite widespread use of the vaccine, these findings suggest that bacterial density, and thus transmission rates among children and to people in other age groups, may rise following attenuated influenza infections without associated clinical disease. LAIV could therefore be used as an experimental tool to elucidate the dynamics of transmission of nasopharyngeal bacteria.
Blood Sample Reliability Using Intravenous Lines

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The Fasting Serum Insulin and Glucose Levels and the Estimated InsulinResistance in Clinical and Subclinical Hyperthyroid Patients from Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism is associated with insulin resistance, whereas its effect on pancreatic insulin secretion is controversial. The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of hyperthyroidism on the insulin availability and sensitivity and their correlations with the thyroid hormones in patients from Hail region in Saudi Arabia. Material and methods: The study was conducted on patients with thyroid disorders who were visiting the Diabetic and Endocrinology Unit of King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 and July 2015. A total of 43 newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients (age range: 18-77 years) were classified into: • Subclinical hyperthyroid (SHR) group: with serum TSH 25.0 pmol/L • Control (C) group of normal subjects Results: The fasting serum insulin levels in the SHR and OHR groups were severely raised by 6.22-fold and 7.67-fold, and the serum glucose by 28.76% and 54.79%, respectively compared to control, whereas, the kidney function was not altered in any of the groups. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between TSH and insulin levels (r=-0.79, P=0.0001), FT4 and insulin (r=0.34, P=0.03), TSH and insulin resistance (r =-0.5, P=0.001) and between TSH and insulin sensitivity index (r=0.90, P=0.000). Conclusion: Both clinical and subclinical hyperthyroid patients had significantly elevated fasting serum insulin and glucose levels and increased insulin resistance. Significant correlations exist between TSH and T4 with insulin levels, and between TSH with insulin resistance. The hyperthyroidism had no detrimental effects on the renal function.
Pre-race blood lactate levels and performance in middle distance runners

This study examined the effects of pre-race blood lactate levels on the performance of middle distance nmners. Eight middle distance runners from the Ithaca College men's track and field team specializing at 400, 800, or 1500 m, volunteered for participation in the study. All subjects first completed a maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) test. , Subsequent testing sessions were conducted in the field at collegiate track meets. Each subject competed in four track meets during which performance, heart rate (HR), tympanic temperature (T), and lactate concentration ([LA]) were measured. Heart rate, T, and [LA] were medsured at three times during each meet, 1) baseline, prior to the start of warm-up (\MLI); 2) pre-race, an estimated 5 minutes prior to the start of a race; and 3) post-race, within 7.5 minutes of race completion. Performance was recorded as the time necessary to cover the race distance. Despite significant differences in pre-race [LA] or percent change in [LA] from baseline to pre-race (% chg. [LA]), there were no differences in corresponding performance or post-race [LA]. Similarly, despite significant differences in performance, there were no differences in the corresponding pre-race [LA] or o/o chg. [LA]. However, there were significant differences in corresponding post-race [LA]. A strong relationship was found between performance in 800 m and post-race [LA]. Warm-up sometimes resulted in a decrease in [LA] from baseline to pre-race, which coincided with the best performance for some subjects, while other subjects performed best with an increase or minimal change in [LA]. In addition, a considerable degree of variability in pre-race [LA] corresponding to either the worst or best performance was found between subjects. The findings suggeSt a degree of individuality between athletes for an optimal WU in enhancing middle distance running
2 Model Compression Methods

Deep Neural Networks have achieved remarkable success relying on the developing high computation capability of GPUs and large-scale datasets with increasing network depth and width in image recognition, object detection and many other applications. However, due to the expensive computation and intensive memory, researchers have concentrated on designing compression methods in recent years. In this paper, we briefly summarize the existing advanced techniques that are useful in model compression at first. After that, we give a detailed description on group lasso regularization and its variants. More importantly, we propose an improving framework of partial regularization based on the relationship between neurons and connections of adjacent layers. It is reasonable and feasible with the help of permutation property of neural network . Experiment results show that partial regularization methods brings improvements such as higher classification accuracy in both training and testing stages on multiple datasets. Since our regularizers contain the computation of less parameters, it shows competitive performances in terms of the total running time of experiments. Finally, we analysed the results and draw a conclusion that the optimal network structure must exist and depend on the input data.
Early Life Factors And Health Outcomes In Children And Mothers

v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 9 CHAPTER 3: METHODS.23 CHAPTER 4: MATERNAL GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN AND OFFSPRING’S WEIGHT AT 1 YEAR OF AGE IN RURAL GUANGXI PROVINCE, CHINA: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF BIRTH WEIGHT.40 CHAPTER 5: BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES AND ALLERGIC CONDITIONS AND ASTHMA AMONG A COHORT OF 6-YEAR-OLD US CHILDREN.62 CHAPTER 6: BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES AND POSTPARTUM WEIGHT RETENTION AT 12 MONTHS AMONG A COHORT OF US MOTHERS.89 CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.114 REFERENCES . 121 APPENDIX ASUPPLEMENTARY TABLES ASSOCIATED WITH CHAPTER 4 . 147 APPENDIX BSUPPLEMENTARY TABLE ASSOCIATED WITH CHAPTER 5 . 151 APPENDIX CSUPPLEMENTARY TABLES ASSOCIATED WITH CHAPTER 6 . 152 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 The 2009 IOM recommendations for total and rate of weight gain during pregnancy, by pre-pregnancy BMI . 11 Table 4.1 Sample characteristics of study participants according to gestational weight gain status . 55 Table 4.2 Crude and adjusted analysis between total maternal gestational weight gain and weight-for-age Z-scores and weight-for-length Z scores.57 Table 4.3 Crude and adjusted analysis between adequacy of GWG using IOM guidelines and weight-for-age Z-scores and weight-for-length Z scores. 58 Table 4.4 Direct and indirect effects of the association between GWG and weight-for-age Z-scores at one year mediated through birthweight-for-gestational age . 60 Table 5.1 Descriptive characteristics of participants of the Infant Feeding Practices Survey II according to exclusivity of breastfeeding.82 Table 5.2 Prevalence of allergic conditions and asthma at 6-Year-Old According to Breastfeeding Practices . 84 Table 5.3 Adjusted odds ratio for allergic Disorders and asthma among 6-Year-Olds US children According to Exclusivity of Breastfeeding . 85 Table 5.4 Adjusted odds for Allergic Disorders and Asthma among 6-Year-Old US children according to breastfeeding duration . 86 Table 5.5 Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of allergic conditions and asthma with background characteristics.87 Table 6.1 Descriptive sample characteristics of the Infant Feeding Practices Survey II according to breastfeeding intensity categories during the first six months . 108 Table 6.2 Mean maternal weight retention at 12 months according to breastfeeding intensity in the first six months of life, stratified by mother’s prepregnancy BMI . 110 Table 6.3 Adjusted analysis between breastfeeding intensity and weight retention at 12 months, stratified by prepregnancy BMI . 111
Gut microbial profile in biliary atresia: a case‐control study

Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibro‐inflammatory cholangiopathy with an unclear etiology. Various liver disorders are associated with an altered microbiome. However, gut microbiome in BA remains unknown. Here, we performed a case‐control study to investigate the gut microbiota in BA.
The effects of a short-term, unilateral, lower-body resistance training program on balance in college-aged resistance-trained participants

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a short-term, unilateral, lower-body resistance training program would significantly improve static and dynamic balance in experienced college-aged resistance-trained participants when compared to a control group’s regular, bilateral lower-body resistance training program. Participants: A total of twenty-four participants were recruited to participate in the study. Four participants ended up dropping out due to injury and time constraints, leaving the final total sample size at twenty. Methods: Participants completed a series of three questionnaires (International Fitness Scale, International Physical Activity, and Sociodemographic Questionnaire) and the informed consent. The participants were randomly divided using the ABBA method, splitting them into two groups (UTG) Unilateral Training Group (n = 10), (CG) Control Group (n = 10). The UTG was given a unilateral lower-body resistance training program to perform twice a week for six weeks, whereas the CG continued their regular lower-body program. The participants in the UTG performed ten total training sessions over the course of six weeks. Measures: Preand post-testing was performed on the Biodex Balance System SD in the biomechanics laboratory. The Postural Stability test was used to assess unilateral static balance, and the Athlete Single Leg Stability test was used to assess unilateral dynamic balance. Analysis: An a priori power analysis was conducted to determine sample size. A series of two-way mixed methods ANOVAs were used to assess a group by time interaction on static and dynamic balance. Independent and dependent samples t-tests were used to determine post-hoc simple main effects. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 with an established alpha level of 0.05. Conclusion: The UTG’s program was effective for
Factors influencing the effectiveness of a family intervention for adolescent versus adult mothers

OF THESIS FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A FAMILY INTER VENTI ON FOR ADOLESCENT VERSUS ADULT MOTHERS A family intervention program entitled DARE To Be You was found to be equally effective for both adolescent and adult mothers, but the factors that predicted program effectiveness differed for the two groups . Adolescent mothers were defined as those who were 19 or younger when their youngest child was born and were 23 or younger upon entry into the program, while the adult mothers were older than 22 when their youngest child was born and had a current age of25 or older. The sample consisted primarily of Hispanic and Anglo mothers from both urban and rural sites, and Ute and Navajo Native Americans from rural or reservation sites . For both age groups, a low sense of competence in the maternal role prior to the intervention predicted a larger increase in maternal sense of competence, but an internal locus of control was only predictive of larger improvements in sense of competence for the adolescent mothers . Large social support networks were associated with larger improvements in positive parent-child interactions and nurturance for the adult mothers and improvements in the effective use of discipline for the Anglo adolescent mothers, but large support networks were associated with less improvement in the effective use of discipline for Native American and Hispanic adolescent mothers. Adolescent Native Americans did not increase as much as the other two ethnic groups in nurturance, and there was a trend toward an analogous difference for the adult mothers in the effective use of discipline. The amount of the variance explained by variables that predicted program effectiveness
The Additive Effects of Components of an Intervention Package Targeting Compliance in Children With Hearing Impairments in a Classroom Setting

THE ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF COMPONENTS OF AN INTERVENTION PACKAGE TARGETING COMPLIANCE IN CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENTS IN A CLASSROOM SETTING By Laura Lynne Needelman August 2010 The present study investigated the sequential introduction of a compliance training package based on the Compliance Training for Children (CTC) Model developed in the School Psychology Program at The University of Southern Mississippi. Participants were three deaf students in the classroom setting who were referred by their teachers for exhibiting noncompliance. The teachers in this study were also deaf. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline across participants design was used to assess the effectiveness of Effective Instruction Delivery (EID), EID with contingent praise for compliance, and EID with contingent praise for compliance and time-out contingent on noncompliance. One participant reached 100% compliance with the introduction of EID alone. The other two participants reached 100% compliance with the introduction of EID plus contingent praise and time-out, although time-out was never implemented. Findings indicate that the use of these compliance training procedures may be applied to individuals with hearing impairments or deafness to increase compliance. Potential limi tations and directions for future research are discussed.
Pediatric Cerebral Palsy in Africa

Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in children worldwide. However, little is reported on this condition in the African context. Doctors from 22 countries in Africa, and representatives from a further 5 countries outside Africa, met to discuss the challenges in the evaluation and management of children with cerebral palsy in Africa and to propose service needs and further research. Basic care is limited by the poor availability of diagnostic facilities or medical personnel with experience and expertise in managing cerebral palsy, exacerbated by lack of available interventions such as medications, surgical procedures, or even regular therapy input. Relevant guidelines are lacking. In order to guide services for children with existing disabilities, to effectively target the main etiologies and to develop preventive strategies for the continent, research priorities must include multicenter collaborative studies looking at the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of cerebral palsy.
Potentially Reduced Exposure Products, Occupational Variations in Smoking, and Hardcore Smokers: Examining Important Elements in the Tobacco Use Spectrum

Background: In recent years, new non-traditional, potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs), claiming to contain fewer harmful chemicals than the traditional products, have been introduced in the market. Little is known about socioeconomic, demographic & smoking related determinants of the likelihood of using these products among smokers. The aim of this study was to examine these determinants. Methods: Data from the 2006-2007 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey was used. We limited the analysis to current smokers (n=40,724). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between covariates and the probability of the use of PREPs. Results: We found that younger age, lower education, higher nicotine addiction, and having an intention to quit are associated with higher likelihood of the use of PREPs. The likelihood of using these products was found to be higher among respondents who are unemployed or have a service, productions, sales or farming occupation than those with a professional occupation. Smokers living in the Midwest, South or West, were found to have a greater likelihood of the use of PREPs than those living in the Northeast. Conclusion: Because there is little evidence to suggest that PREPs are less harmful that other tobacco products, their marketing as harm-minimizing products should be regulated. Smokers, in particular those who are younger, have a lower socioeconomic status, and are more nicotine-dependent, should be the target of educational programs that reveal the actual harm of PREPs.