Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cepaea nemoralis (L.) On Öland, Sweden: recent invasion and unexpected variation

Cepaea nemoralis is a recently introduced species on Öland. Discounting an early and debateable record, the species has been recorded only in the 21st century, despite intensive earlier faunistic surveys. A recent survey has yielded records from the whole length of the island (137 km), but the majority of known populations are in its southern half, most particularly around the settlements of Mörbylånga, Gräsgård and Färjestaden. Populations are usually in anthropogenic habitats. Most appear small and isolated by less disturbed areas. Nearly all samples are polymorphic for both colour and banding morphs, and the variation among populations is low when compared with similar sets from other places where recent colonisation has occurred. There is no latitudinal variation in morph frequencies, nor is any spatial autocorrelation apparent. While a relatively uniform and rigorous selection regime could account for the patterns seen, a single initial introduction followed by transport of propagules large enough to minimise founder effects is also possible. Key woRDs: introduced species; Cepaea nemoralis; shell polymorphism; Öland; Sweden
Removal of Copper(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Chitosan Adsorption

Abstract An investigation on the use of chitosan for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions has been carried out. Both kinetic data and equilibrium isotherms were obtained. The effects of contact time, initial copper concentration, background electrolyte, and pH on the uptake capacity of copper were studied. Initial copper concentration and pH were found to have the greatest effects on uptake. The copper uptake of chitosan was quantitatively evaluated using sorption isotherms. Results indicated a capacity of 1.8–2.2 mmol/g of dry mass. The capacity increases when solutions contain high concentrations of chloride ions. The variation of pH leads to competition between coordination of copper with chitosan with the optimal range being 5.4 to 6.0.
REDUCING NEPHROTOXICITY INDUCED BY TIO2 NANOPARTICLES BY SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are used as a white pigment in the production of paints, plastics, foods, paper, cosmetics and toothpaste. Although the wide ranges of uses, there is not enough information on the effect of TiO2NPs on animal and human health. Our study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Turmeric and/or Graviola extract against the titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on rats for 1 month. The study was performed in 80 Adult male Albino rats and divided into eight groups. Rats were administered TiO2 NPs by 600 mg/Kg body weight (BW) orally, Turmeric by 400 mg/kg BW orally and Graviola by 400 mg/kg BW orally. Administration of TiO2NPs induced a highly significant increase in serum Creatinine levels, BUN levels and MDA in addition, TiO2NPs rats exhibited anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and significantly decrease in catalase. Also TiO2NPs induced histological alterations in the kidney. But groups that were administrated with Turmeric and /or Graviola showed improvement when compared with control group. Our results indicate that Turmeric and/or Graviola effectively protect against TiO2 nephrotoxicity.
Neural Natural-Language Template Matching Midterm Report

In writing programs that operate on natural language input, a common task is to recognize a speciﬁc utterance and extract speciﬁc portions of that utterance. We describe a novel method which learns how to match a natu-ral language template to the utterance, while extracting information from the utterance in the process. We also describe our progress in implementing this method, as well as details about how we are training and evaluating the method.
Managing disruptive technologies and innovation

Additive manufacturing (colloquially: 3D printing) is a highly discussed topic. Previous research has argued that this technology not only has profound effects on manufacturing businesses but also on society, which demands new corporate strategies and policies alike. Thus, the development of reliable future scenarios is key for strategic planning and decision making as well as for future research. Dedicated academic studies in this field remain scarce. We present the results of an extensive Delphi survey on the future of additive manufacturing with a focus on its economic and societal implications in 2030. Via an initial round of extensive qualitative interviews and a Delphi-based analysis of 3,510 quantitative estimations and 1,172 qualitative comments from 65 experts, we were able to develop and validate 18 projections that were then clustered into a scenario for the most probable future. The scenario is built on the six Delphi projections with the highest consensus on the likelihood of occurrence. We complement this most probable scenario with a discussion on controversial, extreme scenarios. Based on these findings we derive implications for industry, policy, and future research.
Nutrient balance in the ecosystem of the North Western Adriatic Sea

The effects of biological processes on dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) are considered in the north western Adriatic Sea. The budgets of these nutrients, which represent the sum of production and consumption processes in comparison to advection, are discussed with regard to dissolved inorganic nitrogen ( 15 N labelled) uptake, which basically indicates the biological demand of this fraction of nitrogen by phytoplankton community. The presented data show that, although important, the continental input of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), mainly nitrate, is utilised and recycled within the coastal marine environment (budget of m 15 r µmol-N·dm m 3 ). In fact, during four cruises (June, 1996; February, 1997; June, 1997; February, 1998), phytoplankton production was mainly driven by regenerated nutrients ( f h 0.4). Regarding dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), the negative budgets observed in most cases (down to m 0.4 r µmol-P·dm m 3 ) confirm, above all, its scarce availability in this basin. Recycling processes rather than continental inputs regulate the availability of this nutrient. In addition, the comparison between DIN and DIP budgets indicates that, in this ecosystem, dissolved inorganic phosphorus is recycled faster than nitrogen through the living particulate and dissolved organic pools. As a consequence of biological activities, a strong production of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) can occur in summer (up to +22 r µmol-N·dm m 3 ) while DOP shows a more independent behaviour both with respect to its accumulation in the environment and to the observed nitrogen variations.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy can predict the composition of organic matter in soil and litter

The usefulness and limitations of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the assessment of several soil characteristics are still not sufficiently explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of visible and near-infrared reflectance (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy to predict the composition of organic matter in soils and litter. Reflectance spectra of the VIS-NIR region (400–2500 nm) were recorded for 56 soil and litter samples from agricultural and forest sites. Spectra were used to predict general and biological characteristics of the samples as well as the C composition which was measured by 13C-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy. A modified partial least-square method and cross-validation were used to develop equations for the different constituents over the whole spectrum (1st to 3rd derivation). Near-infrared spectroscopy predicted well the C : N ratios, the percentages of O-alkyl C and alkyl C, the ratio of alkyl C to O-alkyl C, and the sum of phenolic oxidation products: the ratios of standard deviation of the laboratory results to standard error of cross-validation (RSC) were greater than 2, the regression coefficients (a) of a linear regression (measured against predicted values) ranged from 0.9 to 1.1, and the correlation coefficients (r) were greater than 0.9. Satisfactorily (0.8 ≤ a ≤ 1.2, r ≥ 0.8, and 1.4 ≤ RSC ≤ 2.0) assessed were the contents of C, N, and production of DOC, the percentages of carbonyl C and aromatic C and the ratio of alkyl C to aromatic C. However, the N-mineralization rate and the microbial biomass were predicted unsatisfactorily (RSC < 1.4). The good and satisfactory predictions reported above indicate a marked usefulness of NIRS in the assessment of biological and chemical characteristics of soils and litter.
Chromatographic Determination of Derivatives of p‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Melissa officinalis by HPLC

Abstract This paper presents a fast method for the determination of phenolic compounds–benzoic acids in Melissa officinalis. Soxhlet extraction has been optimized for the isolation of benzoic acids (gallic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid) from plant material. The conditions of Soxhlet extraction, such as solvent composition and extraction time were studied. The efficient extraction of benzoic acids was achieved with a mixture of methanol–water (80∶20, v/v) within 1 hour. Four RP‐18 chromatographic columns were tested for the separation of the compounds. The complete separation of six benzoic acids was achieved on two analytical columns. The basic chromatographic characteristics were evaluated and an HPLC method using Alltima C18–Rocket, one of the suitable columns, was validated for determination of analytes. A mobile phase, which consisted of acetonitrile and formic acid (0.074 mol/L) with a linear gradient at a flow rate 1.5 mL/min was applied for the determination of benzoic acids in extracts of plant material.
Effect of Sample Preparation on the Amounts of α-Pinene and Verbenone Extracted from Rosemary

Abstract Volatile compounds were obtained from fresh leaves of rosemary by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), super-critical fluid extraction (SFE) and steam distillation. It was found that the ratio of α-pinene to verbenone depended on the method of preparation of plant material, and that the yield of verbenone was largest from ground leaves, while the amount of α-pinene was greatest in whole leaves. The transformation of α-pinene to verbenone is thought to be the cause for the differences in the relative amounts of these two major components.
Géochimie et métallogénie des veines à Ag-Pb-Zn du bassin de Purcell, Colombie-Britannique

The Belt-Purcell Basin hosts the world class Sullivan SEDEX deposit in British Columbia. The veins in the Purcell basin are classified in 3 different types: 1) Pb-Zn veins are composed of sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, freibergite and pyrite; 2) Pb-AgAu-Cu veins characterized by galena, pyrite, freibergite and gold whereas 3) Ag-PbZn vein and replacement deposits are composed of sphalerite, galena, pyrite and freibergite. Hydrothermal sericite from the Type 3 Ptarmigan deposit yields an age of 133.1±0.7 Ma. Sulphur in Types 1 and 2 veins hosted in Lower Purcell sedimentary rocks results from leaching of bacteriogenic pyrite from clastic sedimentary rocks of the Aldridge Formation. Types 2 and 3 vein and replacement deposits hosted in the Upper Purcell rocks have sulphur that results from dissolution contained in the carbonate rocks of the Purcell Basin followed by thermochemical reduction. Types 1, 2 and 3 vein and replacement deposits are formed by metamorphic fluids generated at different times. Type 1 veins were formed by Proterozoic fluids whereas Types 2 and 3 vein and replacement deposits were formed during the Mesozoic. Type 1 Pb-Zn veins have a non-radiogenic Proterozoic lead. Type 2 and 3 vein and replacement deposits have a radiogenic Mesozoic lead signature.
Agility in Teacher Training: Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic forced the world to respond in new and unconventional ways. Quick thinking and unusual flexibility were required whilst operating under conditions of uncertainty and fear. This article deals with agility in the implementation of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic as it occurred at Ohalo College of Education with the outbreak of the epidemic in Israel in March 2020. Within 48 hours from the moment that Israel’s government announced a nation-wide lockdown, the College shifted from frontal teaching and learning to social distancing and distance teaching. The College adopted agile leadership that led to moving 700 courses to distance learning and teaching, with 150 lecturers and 1,500 students in their homes; the semester continued, but differently, in light of the lockdown and limitations ordered by the government. It is clear that such swift organization, executed with maximum flexibility, did not benefit from proper planning and was far perfect. This article offers a look at academic agility as demonstrated during the transition of a college of education to distance learning under emergency conditions. It will be examined through an analysis of survey responses from students. The goal of the survey was to assess students’ attitudes toward the implementation of this strategy.
The Effect of 8-Weeks of Regular Physical Activity on Blood Glucose, Body Mass Index, Maximal Oxygen Uptake (Vo2max) and Risk Factors Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Type of 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Physical activities have beneficial effects on type 1 diabetes patients, who are often exempted from sport activities, due to general concerns about the possible side effects of diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8-weeks of regular physical activity on blood glucose, body fat percent, maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in type 1 diabetes patients. Material and methods: Twenty non-active patients, ranging in age from 15-25 years, participated in an 8-week regular physical activity program. Training consisted of 45-60 minutes aerobic exercises (60-80% Heart rate reserve) three times a week. Blood samples, body fat percent, maximal oxygen uptake were obtained before and after the 8-week training period. Results: The fasting blood glucose, HDL-c, LDL-c levels and BMI did not change (p>0/05), but the BF%, TG, BPs, BPd and HR rest levels decreased and Vo2max level increased (p<0/05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of regular physical activity had a positive effect on some physiological factors (BF%, TG, BPs, BPd , HR of rest and Vo2max) but had no effect on other factors such as fasting blood glucose, HDL-c, LDL-c and BMI.
Tables of bimolecular gas reactions

Abstract : This survey covers the kinetics of bimolecular and termolecular gas reactions that do not involve atoms or molecules in electronically excited states. Bimolecular reactions are here defined as reactions in which two molecules are involved as reactants, that yield two or more molecules as products. Those reactions in which two molecules combine to form one molecule are most usefully considered as the reverse of unimolecular reactions which will be dealt with in another survey. Reactions of oxygen and nitrogen atoms have been omitted as they will also form the subject of another survey. The literature from 1954 to December 31, 1965 has been exhaustively searched and is hoped that for this period nothing has been omitted that should have been included. The survey of earlier work has been based on one of the writers' books on 'Gas Kinetics' which covered the literature to 1954. Use of the book for over ten years has revealed few omissions and these have been included in these tables. Data for the period January to August 1966 has been included where possible.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN MICE

Fifteen BALB/c mice were divided into three equal groups (5 animals each). The first group gave an infective dose of H. pylori 1.2 X 10 cell/ml/os, the second group at dose 9X10cell/ml/os and the third group gave phosphate buffer saline-PBS 1 ml/os as a control group . the results were showed the animals of the first group suffer from lost of mucosal architecture with evidence of mucosal metaplasia irregular appearance gastric glands together with mucosal irregularity epithelial, vacuolization involving both partial and chief cells accompanied with destructive finding in submucosal connective tissue with epithelial damage characterized by mucosal necrosis with evidence of nuclear pyknosis in the stomach . Liver show moderate disruption of tissue with disorganization of hepatic cords associated with sinusoidal dilation focal necrosis noticed mainly in portal region with mononuclear cells infiltration and slight ductal dilation . Spleen showed moderate to severe lymphoid depletion of white pulp with severe atrophy of lymphoid follicle. Kidney showed severe tubular epithelial necrosis with sloughed epithelial, hyaline eosinophilic cast mainly seen in tubules with perivascular mononuclear cells aggregation. In the second group stomach showed irregular shortening of gastric glands, blood vessel congestion, surface epithelial sloughing of gastric columnar cells with mild submucosal cellular infiltration with ulceration, Liver showed severe vacoulation of hepatocytes, mild of sinusoid dilation, degenerative changes in parenchyma with intense perivascular mononuclear cells aggregation concentrated in central portion of hepatic lobe . Spleen showed moderate to severe vascular congestion and dilation of splenic vessels with destructive changes in red pulp tissue with lymphoid depletion of white pulp tissue and severe atrophy of lymphoid follicle. Kidney showed cystic tubular distention predominant, mild interstitial mononuclear cells infiltration, intense epithelial swelling of major tubules with focal mononuclear cells aggregation . In third group, no obvious histological changes were seen in stomach, liver, spleen and kidney.
Surface Tension of Alcohol Water + Water from 20 to 50 .degree.C

The surface tension of mixtures is a physical property of great importance for mass transfer processes such as distillation, extraction, or absorption. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol was measured over the entire concentration range at temperatures of 20--50 C. The experimental values were correlated with temperature and with mole fraction. The maximum deviation was in both cases always less than 3%.
Design Principles for Renewable Energy Programs in Developing Countries

This article introduces readers to the concept of energy poverty and the types of renewable energy technologies that can overcome it. It discusses the benefits of solar home systems, residential wind turbines, biogas digesters and gasifiers, microhydro dams, and improved cookstoves and the various mechanisms planners and policymakers have utilized to disseminate these technologies. Then, based on four years of field research studying programs in Bangladesh, China, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea, the article presents twelve lessons for how policymakers and development planners can improve future renewable energy projects. These lessons include selecting appropriate technology matched in scale and quality to the energy services communities desire, emphasizing affordability rather than installed capacity, and viewing communities and end-users as active participants in energy production and use rather than passive consumers.
Facile Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the Phosphoramidite Method without Nucleoside Base Protection

A facile synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the phosphoramidite approach without base protection of the building blocks has been developed; it relies on the use of imidazolium triflate as a promoter for the condensation of a nucleoside phosphoramidite and a nucleoside. In the solution phase, the condensation is accomplished in a highly O-selective manner by using equimolar amounts of an N-free nucleoside phosphoramidite and an N-unblocked nucleoside to give, after oxidation with bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide or with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a dinucleoside phosphate in >95% yield. In the solid-phase synthesis, which requires an excess amount of the phosphoramidite for the condensation, deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine undergo N-phosphitylation to some extent. The undesired product, however, can be converted to the N-free derivative by brief treatment with benzimidazolium triflate in methanol. Thus the overall process allows the chemoselective formation of internucleotide linkage. The oligomers prepa.
Extraction of Anthocyanin Pigments from Purple Sunflower Hulls

The anthocyanin pigments in hulls of purple sunflower seeds were extracted using three solvent systems, 50:1:49 ethanol-acetic acid-water (EAW), 0.01M acetic acid (AAc), or water containing SO2. Solvent, extraction time, size of ground hulls, pH of extracting solvent, hulls/solvent ratio, and concentration of SO2 in water, were investigated. All were significant factors affecting yield of extracted anthocyanins. EAW and SO2 were more effective extractants than AAc. Optimum conditions from response surface optimization for the extraction with sulphurous water were: SO2 at 200 mg/L, hull size 20 mesh, extraction time 5 min at 22°C, and solvent/hulls ratio = 20.
Manganese Oxide Thin Film Preparation by Potentiostatic Electrolyses and Electrochromism

Manganese oxide (MnO x ) thin films were deposited on transparent conducting tin oxide glass substrates by potentiostatic anodic electrolysis of alkaline solution of a manganese ammine complex at 298 K. The effects of varying deposition potentials on the microstructure and the electrochromic (EC) properties of the films were investigated, Characterization of films by X-ray diffraction revealed that two distinct potential regions (lower and higher than 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl) were available for the film deposition; the crystal structure of the film deposited at lower and higher regions were γ-Mn 2 O 3 and/or Mn 3 O 4 and Mn 7 O 13 . 5H 2 O, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the films featuring exchange splitting effect on Mn 3s spectra indicated that the valence of manganese in the films prepared at lower and higher potential regions are mixtures of divalence-trivalence and of trivalence-tetravalence, respectively The XPS analysis also revealed that terminal chemical bonding species of the films are a mixture of hydroxide (Mn-O-H) and oxide (Mn-O-Mn). The mechanism of the EC process, by which the color change between brown and light yellow occurs, could be explained in terms of the transformation between these two oxygen groups in Mn-O-H and Mn-O-Mn, accompanied by the change in valence of Mn. The EC durability of the films in switching performance was also assessed.
Effect of inorganics and organics on growth and yield of onion ( Allium cepa L.)

The field experiments were conducted for two seasons (rabi 2004-05 and summer 2005) at Regional Agricultural Research Station Bijapur, on medium deep black soil to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of onion (cv. Telagi Red). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design. There were 20 treatments involving three inorganic levels (main), six organic levels (sub), RPP (control-I) and absolute control (no manure and no NPK). Higher level of inorganics i.e., M3 (162:32:148 kg NPK/ ha) produced significantly higher bulb yield (41.55 t/ha) which was on par with M2 i.e., 81:16:74 kg per ha (41.09 t/ha). When compared to RPP none of the inorganics levels were found significant for growth and yield parameters and yield. With organics, significantly higher and on par bulb yield of 40.56, 41.65 and 40.88 t per ha was recorded with FYM 30 t per ha (S2), vermicompost @ 6 t per ha (S4) and poultry manure @ 3 t per ha (S6) respectively, compared to their respective lower levels. The combination of higher levels of inorganics (M2 and M3) with higher levels of organics (S2, S4 and S6) recorded higher bulb yield. When compared to RPP none of the treatment combinations were found significantly different for growth and yield parameters and yield.