Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Satellite precipitation in southeastern South America: how do sampling errors impact high flow simulations?

Abstract Satellite precipitation estimates are increasingly available at temporal and spatial scales of interest to hydrological applications and with the potential for improving flood forecasts in data-sparse regions. This study evaluates the effect of sampling error on simulated large flood events. Synthetic precipitation fields were generated in Monte Carlo fashion by perturbing observed precipitation fields with sampling errors based on 1, 2 and 6 h intervals. The variable infiltration capacity hydrological model was used to assess the impact of these errors on simulated high flow events in the Iguazu basin, a rain-dominated, subtropical basin in southeastern South America. Results showed that unbiased errors in daily error-corrupted precipitation fields introduced bias in the simulated hydrologic fluxes and states. The overall bias for error-corrupted daily streamflows was positive and its magnitude increased with larger sampling intervals. However, for high flow events, the bias was negative as a result of an increase in simulated infiltration and changes in precipitation variability. Errors in precipitation also affected the magnitude and volume of the peak events but did not change the first two statistical moments of the peaks indicating that non-linearities in the hydrological system preserve the statistical properties of high flows in the basin. Caution is needed when using satellite products for hydrological applications that require the estimation of large peaks and volumes.
Prevalence of Nematode parasites of Ruminants at Nagpur

In a year round study, two villages, viz. Chicholi and Bodala of Nagpur district were selected for assessment of prevalence of nematode parasites of ruminants. Out of 615 animals examined 242 were positive (39.34%) for nematode infection. The infection rate in buffalo, cattle and goat was 41.63, 32.18 and 51.94%, respectively. Higher infection was recorded during monsoon (63.07%) followed by winter (32.22%) and summer (21.33%). The percentage of animals infected with Haemoncchus sp. , Toxocara sp. , Trichuris sp. , Strongyloides sp. and mixed infection was found to be 38.01, 27.68, 14.87, 11.98 and 7.43%, respectively.
Faster-X Effects in Two Drosophila Lineages

Under certain circumstances, X-linked loci are expected to experience more adaptive substitutions than similar autosomal loci. To look for evidence of faster-X evolution, we analyzed the evolutionary rates of coding sequences in two sets of Drosophila species, the melanogaster and pseudoobscura clades, using whole-genome sequences. One of these, the pseudoobscura clade, contains a centric fusion between the ancestral X chromosome and the autosomal arm homologous to 3L in D. melanogaster. This offers an opportunity to study the same loci in both an X-linked and an autosomal context, and to compare these loci with those that are only X-linked or only autosomal. We therefore investigated these clades for evidence of faster-X evolution with respect to nonsynonymous substitutions, finding mixed results. Overall, there was consistent evidence for a faster-X effect in the melanogaster clade, but not in the pseudoobscura clade, except for the comparison between D. pseudoobscura and its close relative, Drosophila persimilis. An analysis of polymorphism data on a set of genes from D. pseudoobscura that evolve rapidly with respect to their protein sequences revealed no evidence for a faster-X effect with respect to adaptive protein sequence evolution; their rapid evolution is instead largely attributable to lower selective constraints. Faster-X evolution in the melanogaster clade was not related to male-biased gene expression; surprisingly, however, female-biased genes showed evidence for faster-X effects, perhaps due to their sexually antagonistic effects in males.
SIGMOD Officers , Committees , and Awardees

In this paper, we propose a methodological approach for the model driven development of secure XML databases (DB). This proposal is within the framework of MIDAS, a model driven methodology for the development of Web Information Systems based on the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) proposed by the Object Management Group (OMG) [20]. The XML DB development process in MIDAS proposes using the data conceptual model as a Platform Independent Model (PIM) and the XML Schema model as a Platform Specific Model (PSM), with both of these represented in UML. In this work, such models will be modified, so as to be able to add security aspects if the stored information is considered as critical. On the one hand, the use of a UML extension to incorporate security aspects at the conceptual level of secure DB development (PIM) is proposed; on the other, the previously-defined XML schema profile will be modified, the purpose being to incorporate security aspects at the logical level of the secure XML DB development (PSM). In addition to all this, the semi-automatic mappings from PIM to PSM for secure XML DB will be defined.
Multiple Peptidoglycan Modification Networks Modulate Helicobacter pylori's Cell Shape, Motility, and Colonization Potential

Helical cell shape of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has been suggested to promote virulence through viscosity-dependent enhancement of swimming velocity. However, H. pylori csd1 mutants, which are curved but lack helical twist, show normal velocity in viscous polymer solutions and the reason for their deficiency in stomach colonization has remained unclear. Characterization of new rod shaped mutants identified Csd4, a DL-carboxypeptidase of peptidoglycan (PG) tripeptide monomers and Csd5, a putative scaffolding protein. Morphological and biochemical studies indicated Csd4 tripeptide cleavage and Csd1 crosslinking relaxation modify the PG sacculus through independent networks that coordinately generate helical shape. csd4 mutants show attenuation of stomach colonization, but no change in proinflammatory cytokine induction, despite four-fold higher levels of Nod1-agonist tripeptides in the PG sacculus. Motility analysis of similarly shaped mutants bearing distinct alterations in PG modifications revealed deficits associated with shape, but only in gel-like media and not viscous solutions. As gastric mucus displays viscoelastic gel-like properties, our results suggest enhanced penetration of the mucus barrier underlies the fitness advantage conferred by H. pylori's characteristic shape.
Maternal Wnt11b regulates cortical rotation during Xenopus axis formation: analysis of maternal-effect wnt11b mutants

Asymmetric signalling centres in the early embryo are essential for axis formation in vertebrates. These regions, namely the dorsal morula, yolk syncytial layer, and distal hypoblast/anterior visceral endoderm (in amphibians, teleosts and mammals, respectively), require the localised stabilisation of nuclear Beta-catenin (Ctnnb1), implying that localised Wnt/Beta-catenin signalling activity is critical in their establishment. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the stabilisation of Beta-catenin in this context may be initiated independently of secreted Wnt growth factor activity. In Xenopus, dorsal Beta-catenin stabilisation is initiated by a requisite microtubule-mediated symmetry-breaking event in the fertilised egg: “cortical rotation”. Vegetally-localised wnt11b mRNA has been implicated upstream of Beta-catenin in this context, as has the dorsal enrichment of Wnt ligand-independent activators of Beta-catenin, but the extent that each of these processes contribute to axis formation in this paradigm remains unclear. Here we describe a maternal effect mutation in Xenopus laevis wnt11b.L, generated by CRISPR mutagenesis. We demonstrate a maternal requirement for timely and complete gastrulation morphogenesis and a zygotic requirement for proper left-right asymmetry. We also show that a subset of maternal wnt11b mutants have axis and dorsal gene expression defects, but that Wnt11b likely does not act through the Wnt coreceptor Lrp6 or through Dishevelled, which we additionally show (using exogenous constructs) do not exhibit patterns of activity consistent with roles in early Beta-catenin stabilisation. Instead, we find that microtubule assembly and cortical rotation are reduced in wnt11b mutant eggs, leading to less organised and directed vegetal microtubule arrays. In conclusion, we propose that Wnt11b signals to the cytoskeleton in the egg or early zygote to enable robust cortical rotation, and thus acts in the distribution of putative dorsal determinants rather than as a component or effector of the determinants themselves.
Lithologies, Hydrothermal Alteration, and Rock Mechanical Properties in Wells 15-12 and BCH-3, Bradys Hot Springs Geothermal Field, Nevada

In the Bradys Hot Springs geothermal field of northwestern md) for the rhyolites. The metamorphic samples have less than 2% porosity and negligible permeability. Rock mechanical tests on the core were conducted to determine mechanical properties of the various lithologies including: radial versus axial volumetric strain, stress-strain relationships, dynamic versus static Young's moduli, and frictional strengths and failure responses under a vari- ety of confining conditions and temperatures. The mechanical test results indicate moderately high rock strengths; with unconfined compressive strength estimates of 240-275 MPa for the more siliceous lithologies, and 70-194 MPa for argillically-altered rhyolites and chloritic metavolcanic rocks. Effective compres- sive strengths range from 220 Mpa at 1 MPa confining pressure for crystal-supported rhyolite, and 37 MPa at 1 MPa confining pressure for sericitized metamorphic rocks at the top of the base- ment, up to 304 MPa at 20 MPa confining pressure for pebbly meta-volcaniclastic rocks. At temperatures of 200°C, quasi-static values for Young's moduli range from 48 to 55 GPa (in crystal- rich rhyolite tuffs) up to 60-76 GPa (in the metamorphic rocks); Poisson's ratios range from 0.10 to 0.29. The results of the laboratory tests were used to construct Mohr-Coulomb failure envelopes for the proposed reservoir rocks, and to evaluate the propensity for frictional failure along natural fractures in the open-hole interval of Well 15-12. At 200°C, slid- ing friction angles for the residual effective compressive strength range from 29.1° to 43.7°. Corresponding coefficients of sliding friction values range from 0.56 in chlorite-altered meta-basalt, up to 0.98 in clast-supported meta-volcaniclastic rocks. The meta- morphic rocks in the open-hole interval of 15-12 have abundant veins, clayey shear planes, and other planar features that may be amenable to shear stimulation under higher wellhead fluid pres- sures. Hydraulic stimulation of the well is intended to enhance formation permeability through self-propping shear failure along the most optimally oriented and critically stressed of these pre- existing features.
White blood cell counts and thrombosis in polycythemia vera: a subanalysis of the CYTO-PV study.

To the editor: The pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) results from a complex interplay of patient- and disease-related variables. According to age and previous thrombosis, patients are traditionally stratified as “high risk” or “low risk. ” However, recently,
Optimum Currency Areas and Shock Asymmetry: A Comparison of Europe and the United States

The authors examine the optimality of the European Monetary Union (EMU) by estimating the degree of asymmetry in shocks affecting thirteen European countries and comparing the results to those obtained for nine U.S. regions. First, they identify supply shocks and real and nominal demand shocks by imposing restrictions on the long-term effects of these on the level of output, prices and money. This decomposition is necessary to develop a measure of shock asymmetry that is not affected by country-specific monetary policy disturbances. Next, the unobservable common and specific components of structural shocks are identified by means of state-space models. The results show that both supply and real demand shocks affecting the regions of the United States are much more symmetrical than those affecting the European countries. In Europe, only Germany and Switzerland are strongly related to the symmetrical component of shocks. The fact that Greece, Italy, Norway, Portugal and Sweden are not statistically related to the common component of the shocks suggests that they may face significant adjustment costs by participating in the European Monetary Union. However, these countries appear to be characterized by a smaller degree of nominal rigidity, which could partly offset the impact of asymmetrical shock by facilitating the adjustment. Shocks affecting France, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Spain are largely asymmetrical, though statistically related to the common components.
Hierarchical spatio-temporal models for short-term predictions of air pollution data

Recently, many national Environmental Agencies are interested to pro-vide the citizens and public health decision-makers with visual and easy access to air quality information. Short-term air pollution predictions are usually needed as high resolution spatial patterns. We develop a hierarchical spatio-temporal model to enable use of different sources of information in order to provide short-term air pollution forecasting.
Are quartz LPOs predictably oriented with respect to the shear zone boundary?: A test from the Alpine Fault mylonites, New Zealand

The Alpine fault self‐exhumes its own ductile shear zone roots and has a known slip kinematics. Within ∼1 km of the fault, the mylonitic foliation is subparallel to the boundary of the amphibolite‐facies ductile shear zone in which it formed. Using EBSD, we analyzed quartz Lattice Preferred Orientations [LPOs) of mylonites along a central part of the Alpine Fault. All LPOs feature a strongest girdle of [c]‐axes that is forward‐inclined ∼28 ± 4° away from the pole to the fault. A maximum of axes is inclined at the same angle relative the fault. The [c]‐axis girdle is perpendicular to extensional (C') shear bands and the maximum is parallel to their slip direction. [c]‐axis girdles do not form perpendicular to the SZB. Schmid factor analysis suggests that σ1 was arranged at 60–80° to the Alpine Fault. These observations indicate ductile transpression in the shear zone. The inclined arrangement of [c]‐axis girdles, axes, and C' planes relative to the fault can be explained by their alignment relative to planes of maximum shear‐strain‐rate in a general shear zone, a significant new insight regarding shear zones and how LPO fabrics may generally develop within them. For the Alpine mylonite zone, our data imply a kinematic vorticity number (Wk) of ∼0.7 to ∼0.85. Inversions of seismic focal mechanisms in the brittle crust of the Southern Alps indicate that σ1 is oriented ∼60° to the Alpine Fault; that shear bands form at ∼30° to this direction, and that σ2 and σ3 flip positions between the brittle and ductile parts of the crust.
INTERCEPTAÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO FOTOSSINTETICAMENTE ATIVA E RENDIMENTO DE GRÃOS DO MILHO ADENSADO1

The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of light attenuation (PAR) in maize hybrids, cultivated under different population densities in narrow row spacing (0,45 m). An experiment was installed to evaluate six hybrids (A 2555, A 2288, AG 9010, AG 6690, P 30F88 and Valent), cultivated in five plant densities (40, 53, 71, 84 and 97 thousand plants for hectare), in Goiânia, Goiás state, in the growing season 2002/2003. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plot, arranged in a 6x5 factorial with four replicates. The interceptation of photossintetic active radiation http://dx.doi. org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v5n2p170-181
Evaluating the provision of school performance information for school choice

We develop and implement a framework for determining the optimal performance metrics to help parents choose a school. This approach combines the three major critiques of the usefulness of performance tables into a natural metric. We implement this for 500,000 students in England for a range of performance measures. Using performance tables is strongly better than choosing at random: a child who attends the highest ex ante performing school within their choice set will ex post do better than the average outcome in their choice set twice as often as they will do worse. JEL classification: I21, I28.
Choosing Sport Management as a College Major

Abstract The purpose of this study was to better understand sport management students within departments of parks, recreation, and tourism, and to address the often uneasy fit faculty experience when trying to educate sport and recreation students in the same classes. Researchers sent a 16-item online questionnaire to 1,337 undergraduate sport management majors at seven universities offering sport management as an emphasis within a department of parks, recreation, and tourism. Results yielded a 32% response rate, and indicated many similarities among the seven universities. The results also provided guidance for addressing the challenges faced by parks, recreation, and tourism educators when teaching students who identify with sport rather than recreation, and who are highly focused on a career in sport. The article concludes with implications for advising, curriculum planning, and employment potential.
Perceived Benefits of National Recreation and Park Association Certifications

Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the perceived benefits of National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) certifications. The NRPA offered three certifications in 2010: Certified Park and Recreation Professional (CPRP), Aquatic Facility Operator (AFO), and Certified Playground Safety Inspector (CPSI). The electronic survey sent from authors covered the type of work in which the individual is involved, the certifications, the perceived benefits of attaining the certifications, and the satisfaction level with being a certified professional. The study shows that the majority of individuals holding NRPA certifications have attached some type of value to attaining certification. Personal sense of achievement, increased knowledge of the field, career advancement, and networking opportunities were identified as the most important benefits in attaining certifications.
Effective burning of rangelands infested with medusahead.

Medusahead (Elymus caput-medusae L.) matures later in the sprinig than most associated species, and has a seed head moisture content of above 30 per cent for approximately a month after leaves and stems begin to dry. High temperature is more injuriouis to seed viability when seed moisture content is high. Control burns of medusahead infested rangeland were most effective in late afternoon when burning slowly (into a mild wind) and at the soft dough stage of medusahead seed development. IRE has been used successfully as a tool in range Fimprovement. Its effectiveness in reducing stands of mneduisahead (Elymuts caput-medusae L.) on rangeland depends on buirning conditions. Some burns have reduced mle(Itusahead stands, whereas others have produced little change in stand density. Medusahead matures 2 to 4 weeks later than most associated species and fires timed 'Received for publication Aug. 19, 1961. Cooperative investigatioins of the Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, tJnite(l States Department of Agriculture, and the University of California, Davis. 2Assistant Agronomist, Department of Agronomy, Riverside, Californiia, formerly Plant Physiologist, Crops Research Division, ARS, lJSDA; Research Agronomist, Crops Research Divisioni, ARS, UJSDA; anid Associate Specialist in Agronomy, Universitv of Californiia, Davis. too early either burn poorly or leave the medusahead plants to produce additional growth using soil moisture supplies left by early-maturing species (13). Four objectives may be recognized as desirable in burning medusahead-infested rangeland: to remove old medusahead litter, to reduce the density of medusahead stands, to serve as seedbed treatment and competitionreduction before reseeding, and to minimize damage to desirable associated species. The presence of old medusahead litter is recognized by many as a problem in the management and control of medusahead on rangelands. Plant residues from medusahead decompose slower than residues from associated species possibly because of a higher silica content (3). A dense litter mat, reported to be up to 5 inches deep in Idaho (9), which may contain a varying number of seeds that do not germinate each fall but are carriedover to following seasons, is formed. Tillage operations are impeded by a large quantity of old litter which also constitutes an extreme fire hazard. Although recent studies have shown that medusahead is eaten during early vegetative stages the forage value
The Relationship between Ambient Air Pollution and Heart Rate Variability Differs for Individuals with Heart and Pulmonary Disease

Associations between concentrations of ambient fine particles [particulate matter < 2.5 μ m aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] and heart rate variability (HRV) have differed by study population. We examined the effects of ambient pollution on HRV for 18 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 12 individuals with recent myocardial infarction (MI) living in Atlanta, Georgia. HRV, baseline pulmonary function, and medication data were collected for each participant on 7 days in fall 1999 and/or spring 2000. Hourly ambient pollution concentrations were obtained from monitoring sites in Atlanta. The association between ambient pollution and HRV was examined using linear mixed-effect models. Ambient pollution had opposing effects on HRV in our COPD and MI participants, resulting in no significant effect of ambient pollution on HRV in the entire population for 1-, 4-, or 24-hr moving averages. For individuals with COPD, interquartile range (IQR) increases in 4-hr ambient PM2.5 (11.65 μ g/m3) and nitrogen dioxide (11.97 ppb) were associated with 8.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7–15.3%] and 7.7% (95% CI, 0.1–15.9%) increase in the SD of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), respectively. For individuals with MI, IQR increases in 4-hr PM2.5 (8.54 μ g/m3) and NO2 (9.25 ppb) were associated with a nonsignificant 2.9% (95% CI, –7.8 to 2.3) and significant 12.1 (95% CI, –19.5 to –4.0) decrease in SDNN. Beta-blocker and bronchodilator intake and baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 sec modified the PM–SDNN association significantly, with effects consistent with those by disease group. Results indicate heterogeneity in the autonomic response to air pollution due to differences in baseline health, with significant associations for ambient NO2 suggesting an important role for traffic-related pollution.
Ego Depletion Is Not Just Fatigue : Evidence From a Total Sleep Deprivation Experiment

Is the self-regulation failure that comes from prior exertions of self-regulation—the ego-depletion effect—the result of fatigue? A reading of the literature suggests that self-regulatory resource depletion and fatigue might be overlapping constructs, but direct empirical evidence is lacking. The authors put this question to the test by subjecting half of their participants to total sleep deprivation for 24 hours whereas others were rested; they crossed this factor with a self-regulation manipulation in which participants did or did not suppress their emotional reactions to a film. The authors’ measure of self-regulation was aggressive responses in a game involving blasting noise at an opponent. Contrary to expectations, there was no effect of sleep deprivation on aggression. In confirmation of the limited-resource model, the authors found that depleted participants were more aggressive than nondepleted participants (irrespective of fatigue condition). Lax self-regulation seems to be from a lack of self-regulatory capacity, not fatigue.