Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Urban Park Quality in Taman Indonesia Kaya, Semarang

Based on observations and the results of the analysis, it was shown that Taman Indonesia Kaya already fulfilled the quality park standards. In the aspect of needs, the comfort factor has been fulfilled by the presence of park benches and garden lights in good condition, the cleanliness factor has been fulfilled by the existence of trash with a sorting system, public toilets and disabled toilets in clean condition, health factors have been fulfilled with the presence of acid trees, pandanus leaves and canna flowers, and safety factors have been fulfilled with the availability of a monitor bench gazebo and lighting lamps that function optimally. In the aspect of rights, the accessibility factor has been fulfilled, because it has strategic location and in the city centre and traversed by the Trans Semarang route, the freedom of activity factor have been fulfilled by the existence of a fountain garden, cultural stage and green space, and the diversity of activity factors have been fulfilled by the existence of the Pandawa park , mural gates, fountain shows, cultural arts performances, and various paintings. In the meanings aspect, the place clarity factor is indicated by the presence of information boards and signage that are scattered in the corner of the park, and the sociability factor have been fulfilled by the many of spaces in the park area that can be used for socializing, such as: paving fields, sidewalks, green spaces , and the cultural stage.
The Determinants of Credit Risk: An Evidence from ASEAN and GCC Islamic Banks

In less than a decade, the Islamic Banking (IB) industry has become an essential part of the global financial system. During the last ten years, the IB industry has witnessed changes in economic conditions and proved to be resilient during the periods of financial crisis. This paper aims to examine the important issues related to credit risk in selected Islamic banks in nine countries from Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) regions. It employs the generalized least squares panel data regression, to estimate the ratio of non-performance financing to total financing as dependent variables and bank specific variables (BSV) to determine the credit risk. It uses 12 years of unbalanced panel data from 40 different Islamic banks. The overall findings show that financing quality has a significant positive effect on credit risk. It is observed that the larger IBs owned more assets with lower credit risk compared to smaller banks. The bank’s age is also an important factor influencing the credit risk level. Moreover, regulatory capital significantly reduces the credit risk exposure adherence to the minimum regulatory capital requirements which help IBs to manage their credit risk exposures. It was also observed that IBs were not affected by the global financial crisis due to less credit risk compared to the conventional banks.
North Atlantic white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus (Decapoda: Penaeidae) as an aquaculture target species for farming: a review

Litopenaeus setiferus has been described as an economically important native species ranging from the north Atlantic along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to Florida. Its reproduction has been studied in captivity, as well as some aspects of its nutritional physiology, diseases and adaptation to various environments, including nurseries. In terms of growth, L. setiferus has been compared with L. vannamei for its performance in ponds. As a native species, L. setiferus benefits local fisheries and is also used as a bait shrimp for recreational activity. The present review covers background information and recent advances in research and development efforts to determine its potential both for aquaculture in ponds and intensive biofloc systems (BFT), as well as for the stocking of fishing grounds. The collective research advances for this species presented in this review could help to sustain various strategies, including highly intensive techniques, to rehabilitate L. setiferus in connection with potential institutes.
Human‐induced globalization of insular herpetofaunas

1Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território – IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 2Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 3CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal 4CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Conversion of the polygalacturonase isoenzymes from ripening tomato fruits

From pericarp tissue of ripening tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill. cv. Sonato), two isoenzymes of polygalacturonase, PGl and PG2, can be extracted. With water hardly any polygalaeturonase activity is extracted; with 0.5 M NaCl predominantly PG2 is found and subsequent extraction with 1.25 M NaCI delivers mainly PGl. A partly purified PGl solution gradually decomposes into PG2. Conversion of PG2 into an isoenzyme that resembles PGl, but differs from it, can be brought about by a faetor (eonvertor) that occurs at low levels in free form in unripe and early-ripe fruits as well as in leaves. Convertor (CV) ean be set free from PGl by a short treatment at 100°C, at which temperature the convertor activity itself also decreases. The in vitro activities and several characteristics of the isoenzymes and CV as found by us differ from that found by others, probably because of carefully optimized methods. It is suggested that the CV anchors PG2 onto the cell wall, forming PGl. Thus PGl would constitute the form that depolymerizes the peetins in the middle lamellae.
Characterizing Genetic Programming Error Through Extended Bias and Variance Decomposition

An error function can be used to select between candidate models but it does not provide a thorough understanding of the behavior of a model. A greater understanding of an algorithm can be obtained by performing a bias-variance decomposition. Splitting the error into bias and variance is effective for understanding a deterministic algorithm such as $k$ -nearest neighbor, which provides the same predictions when performed multiple times using the same data. However, simply splitting the error into bias and variance is not sufficient for nondeterministic algorithms, such as genetic programming (GP), which potentially produces a different model each time it is run, even when using the same data. This article presents an extended bias-variance decomposition that decomposes error into bias, external variance (error attributable to limited sampling of the problem), and internal variance (error due to random actions performed in the algorithm itself). This decomposition is applied to GP to expose the three components of error, providing a unique insight into the role of maximum tree depth, number of generations, size/complexity of function set, and data standardization in influencing predictive performance. The proposed tool can be used to inform targeted improvements for reducing specific components of model error.
I “get” you, babe: Reflective functioning in partners transitioning to parenthood

Reflective functioning (RF) is a construct that has gained tremendous traction in the developmental psychology literature, demonstrating robust associations with parent–child attachment and interactional quality. Although theorists argue that RF should have meaningful links with relationship quality across the life span, to date this construct has not been applied to the study of adult romantic partnerships. The goal of the present investigation is to introduce the construct of Partner RF, the capacity to reflect on the thoughts and feelings of one’s partner and to consider their roles in guiding behavior in one’s partner and oneself. Next, we explore the degree to which Partner RF is associated with a range of theoretically related constructs—one’s partner’s Partner RF, as well as one’s own parental RF, attachment, relationship satisfaction, and coparenting—in first-time parents. In a longitudinal study of N = 107 primiparous couples, we found positive associations between mothers’ and fathers’ Partner RF and between mother’s Partner RF and their parental RF. Partner RF is higher among women who report lower prenatal attachment avoidance and demonstrate more prenatal positive communication with their partners. Counterintuitively, higher levels of maternal Partner RF predict greater decreases in couple and coparenting satisfaction across the transition to parenthood. Partner RF may be an important construct to measure and understand in terms of its role in couple relationship functioning and parental well-being.
The fate of 15N from dairy cow urine under pasture receiving different rates of N fertiliser

De l'urine de vache laitiere marquee au 15 N a ete utilisee pour etudier le devenir de l'azote urinaire apporte au printemps, en ete et a l'automne sur un raygrass anglais fertilise a 2 doses d'azote (100 et 300 kg N.ha -1 .an -1 ). La volatilisation d'ammoniac est toujours inferieure a 4 % de l'azote apporte et l'azote immobilise dans le sol sous forme organique represente 21 a 31 % de l'apport. Le coefficient reel d'utilisation de l'azote par les plantes varie de 30 a 65 %, diminuant a l'automne pour le traitement 300. Le CRU de l'apport d'automne demeure cependant relativement eleve pour la prairie ne recevant que 100 kg N.ha -1 . an -1 (49 %). Cela peut conduire a un risque de lessivage de l'azote urinaire plus faible dans les regimes de fertilisation moderee.
Population-Based Ant Colony Optimization with New Hierarchical Pheromone Updating Mechanism for DNA Sequence Design Problem

DNA computing research in the last 20 years has attracted the attention of many researchers from various scientific disciplines. Many researchers have succeeded in demonstrating the ability of bio-molecules DNA computing to be used as storage media and biochemical tools as information processing operators. The reaction process between chemical compounds in DNA is probabilistic, which means that one experiment with others can get different results, even in the same conditions. To overcome this problem, the design of the DNA sequence should be received much attention. The DNA sequence design is a process to get a set of DNA sequences that will be unique to each other. The method of DNA sequence formation can be part of an optimization process, in which each DNA sequence must be designed in such a way as not to react with other DNA sequences in the same set. This process can increase the success of a DNA computing experiment. In this paper, an enhanced method form previous research is proposed. Instead of using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, the population-based version of ACO (P-ACO) is used, to take advantage of the population-like optimization algorithm to handle the multi-objective optimization problem. A new hierarchical pheromone updating mechanism is proposed as well to obtain a highly accurate and efficient tool to feed the information for the ants to follows the best path. In this paper, we use the same model for the ants to solve the problem, the Watson-Crick ΔG o 37 thermodynamic temperature parameter pairs used as distance among nodes in the model. The result from the proposed method and previous research compared then it shows the proposed method get the relatively better result in terms of the pattern of DNA sequence and the objectives function.
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Signaling Mediator Smad1 Participates Predominantly in Osteogenic and not in Chondrogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Progenitors C3H10T½

The role of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐signaling mediator Smad1 in osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation was investigated in murine parental mesenchymal progenitors C3H10T½ and its derivatives constitutively expressing BMP‐2 (C3H10T½‐BMP‐2) and, therefore, undergo BMP‐mediated osteogenic/chondrogenic development. The functions of the three Smad1 domains, that is, the N‐terminal (MH1) domain, the C‐terminal (MH2) domain, and the midregional proline‐rich linker domain, were documented and compared with full‐length Smad1. We showed that expression of the MH2 domain in parental C3H10T½ cells was sufficient to initiate osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, MH1 was sufficient to initiate transcription of osteogenic marker genes like the osteocalcin or parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTH/PTHrP) receptor. However, MH1 interfered with the histologically distinct formation of osteoblast‐like cells. A dominant‐negative effect on MH2‐mediated osteogenic development in C3H10T½ cells was observed by the dose‐dependent trans‐expression of the midregional linker domain. Importantly, in contrast to osteogenic differentiation, Smad1 and its domains do not mimic or interfere with BMP‐2‐dependent chondrogenic development as monitored by the inability of MH2 to give rise to histologically distinct chondrocytes in parental C3H10T½ cells and by the inefficiency of the MH1 or linker domain to interfere with BMP‐2‐mediated chondrogenic differentiation.
Anatomy of seed plants

INTRODUCTION. Internal Organization of the Plant Body. Summary of Types of Cells and Tissues. General References. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED PLANT. The Embryo. From embryo to the Adult Plant. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives. Differentiation, Specialization, and Morphogenesis. References. THE CELL. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Plastids. Mitochondria. Microbodies. Vacuoles. Paramural Bodies. Ribosomes. Dictyosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum. Lipid Globules. Microtubules. Ergastic Substances. References. CELL WALL. Macromolecular Components and Their Organization in the Wall. Cell Wall Layers. Intercellular Spaces. Pits, Primary Pit--Fields, and Plasmodesmata. Origin of Cell Wall During Cell Division. Growth of Cell Wall. References. PARENCHYMA AND COLLENCHYMA. Parenchyma. Collenchyma. References. SCLERENCHYMA. Sclereids. Fibers. Development of Sclereids and Fibers. References. EPIDERMIS. Composition. Developmental Aspects. Cell Wall. Stomata. Trichomes. References. XYLEM: GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CELL TYPES. Gross Structure of Secondary Xylem. Cell Types in the Secondary Xylem. Primary Xylem. Differentiation of Tracheary Elements. References. XYLEM: VARIATION IN WOOD STRUCTURE. Conifer Wood. Dicotyledon Wood. Some Factors in Development of Secondary Xylem. Identification of Wood. References. VASCULAR CAMBIUM. Organization of Cambium. Developmental Changes in the Initial Layer. Patterns and Causal Relations in Cambial Activity. References. PHLOEM. Cell Types. Primary Phloem. Secondary Phloem. References. PERIDERM. Structure of Periderm and Related Tissues. Development of Periderm. Outer Aspect of Bark in Relation to Structure. Lenticels. References. SECRETORY STRUCTURES. External Secretory Structures. Internal Secretory Structures. References. THE ROOT: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. Types of Roots. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE ROOT: SECONDARY STATE OF GROWTH AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS. Common Types of Secondary Growth. Variations in Secondary Growths. Physiologic Aspects of Secondary Growth in Roots. Adventitious Roots. References. THE STEM: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. External Morphology. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE STEM: SECONDARY GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TYPES. Secondary Growth. Types of Stems. References. THE LEAF: BASIC STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Morphology. Histology of Angiosperm Leaf. Development. Abscission. References. THE LEAF: VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURE. Leaf Structure and Environment. Dicotyledon Leaves. Monocotyledon Leaves. Gymnosperm Leaves. References. THE FLOWER: STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Concept. Structure. Development. References. THE FLOWER: REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. Microsporogenesis. Pollen. Male Gametophyte. Megasporogenesis. Female Gametophyte. Fertilization. References. THE FRUIT. Concept and Classification. The Fruit Wall. Fruit Types. Fruit Growths. Fruit Abscission. References. THE SEED. Concept and Morphology. Seed Development. Seed Coat. Nutrient Storage Tissues. References. EMBRYO AND SEEDLING. Mature Embryo. Development of Embryo. Classification of Embryos. Seedling. References. Glossary. Index.
Engaging With Biology by Asking Questions: Investigating Students’ Interaction and Learning With an Artificial Intelligence-Enriched Textbook

Applying artificial intelligence (AI) to support science learning is a prominent aspect of the digital education revolution. This study investigates students’ interaction and learning with an AI book, which enables the inputting of questions and receiving of suggested questions to understand biology, in comparison with a traditional E-book. Students (n = 16) in a tertiary biology course engaged with the topics of energy in cells and cell signaling. The AI book group (n = 6) interacted with the AI book first followed by the E-book, while the E-book group (n = 10) did so in reverse. Students responded to pre-/posttests and to cognitive load, motivation, and usability questionnaires; and three students were interviewed. All interactions with the books were automatically logged. Results revealed a learning gain and a similar pattern of feature use across both books. Nevertheless, asking questions with the AI book was associated with higher retention and correlated positively with viewing visual representations more often. Students with a higher intrinsic motivation to know and to experience stimulation perceived book usability more favorably. Interviews revealed that posing and receiving suggested questions was helpful, while ideas for future development included more personalized feedback. Future research shall explore how learning can be benefitted with the AI-enriched book.
Varietal and environmental influences on the properties of strands prepared from Phormium leaves to make the Maori garment piupiu

Abstract Strands that are elements of the traditional Maori piupiu skirt were prepared from leaf blades of 12 varieties of Phormium grown at nine New Zealand sites to determine characteristics of leaves from which good quality piupiu can be made. The experimental design allowed separation of varietal and environmental effects on these characteristics. Qualitative assessments were made of the ease of marking of patterns on strands and separation of fibre (muka) to show patterns and to join strands together, and the suitability of strands to make piupiu of various sizes. Prepared pairs of strands were joined by rolling together muka separated from the strand tips (miro), before boiling and drying ready for plaiting into piupiu waistbands. lengths of the miro and patterned sections, dry weights, diameters, and the extent of rolling of strands were recorded. The varieties Paoa and Paretaniwha were unsuitable for piupiu. The others had various faults or characteristics suitable for different types of piupiu. kohunga, Ngaro, Parekoretawa, and Tapamangu had the best combinations of characters. Growing conditions at the 11 sites had a small effect on the qualitative characteristics of the leaves but an important impact on leaf size of the different varieties.
Formation and Properties of Amorphous Multi-Component (CrFeMoNbZr)Ox Thin Films

In this work, a new multi-component (CrFeMoNbZr)Ox system was developed. The thin films presented dual-phase amorphous structures, comprising a dominant amorphous alloy phase and a small amount of an amorphous oxide phase. The thin films showed higher hardness and better corrosion resistance than a commercial Zr-based alloy. The combined properties of high hardness and superior corrosion-resistance make the amorphous thin film a candidate for coating materials on commercial Zr-based alloys for engineering applications.
Allele Frequency of HLADQB1 Locus in Macedonian Population

Allele Frequency of HLADQB1 Locus in Macedonian Population Aim: The aim of this paper was to genotype HLA DQB1 locus in healthy unrelated Macedonian population. Material and Methods: Reverse Line Strip typing for HLA DQB1 locus was performed on a population of 217 samples from healthy individuals. The results were obtained as alleles, and as NMDP Codes. Alleles were genotyped and expressed as high resolution with more than four digits with slash between ambiguous alleles. NMDP Codes were expressed as four digits for unambiguous results, and with combination of numbers and characters for the certain ambiguous combination. We did not found any genotypic ambiguities in HLA-DQB1. Results: We have found 33 different alleles of HLA DQB1 in Macedonian population, 12 of which were unambiguous with the frequency of 40.55%, and 21 were ambiguous with the frequency of 58.53%. The biggest frequency (33.64%) was found for HLA DQB1*05 unambiguous groups, and for HLA DQB1*03 ambiguous groups (36.40%). The biggest allele frequency in Macedonian population for HLA DQB1 was found for HLA DQB1*03NX (0301/01/01/02/09/13) with 27.88%, followed with HLA DQB1*0502 with 13.82%, and HLA DQB1*02MN (0201/02/03) with 10.37%. Conclusion: Allele frequency of HLA DQB1 in Macedonian population is similar with that found in other European populations and can be used for anthropology and disease association studies.
Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Amauroderma s.lat. (Ganodermataceae)

Amauroderma s.lat. has been defined mainly by the morphological features of non-truncate and double-walled basidiospores with a distinctly ornamented endospore wall. In this work, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on species of Amauroderma s.lat. are carried out by morphological examination together with ultrastructural observations, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) and the β-tubulin gene (TUB). The results demonstrate that species of Ganodermataceae formed ten clades. Species previously placed in Amauroderma s.lat. are divided into four clades: Amauroderma s.str. , Foraminispora, Furtadoa and a new genus Sanguinoderma. The classification of Amauroderma s.lat. is thus revised, six new species are described and illustrated, and eight new combinations are proposed. SEM micrographs of basidiospores of Foraminispora and Sanguinoderma are provided, and the importance of SEM in delimitation of taxa in this study is briefly discussed. Keys to species of Amauroderma s.str. , Foraminispora, Furtadoa, and Sanguinoderma are also provided.
Comprendiendo los venenos de serpientes: 50 años de investigaciones en América Latina

As a tribute to Revista de Biologia Tropical in its 50 th anniversary, this review describes some of the main research efforts carried out in the study of the chemical composition and the mechanism of action of tox- ins present in the venoms of snakes distributed in Latin America. Venom proteins involved in neurotoxicity, coagulopathies, hemorrhage and muscle necrosis are discussed, together with a description of the inflammatory reactions elicited by these venoms and toxins. In addition, the search for inhibitory substances present in plants and animals that may be utilized in the neutralization of venoms is analyzed. Some of the clinical studies per- formed on snakebite envenomations in Latin America are also reviewed, together with the development of tech- nologies aimed at improving the quality of antivenoms produced in the region. Toxinology has become a fruit- ful and stimulating research field in Latin America which has contibuted to a better understanding of snake ven- oms as well as to an improved management of snakebitten patients.