Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Traditional lectures vs. Problem based learning in Microbiology among Undergraduate students

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a methodology in which students are the teachers themselves and the faculty mainly acts like their facilitators it is to say that this is student-centered approach to active learning. Objectives: To study the efficacy of problem based learning as a teaching/ learning tool over traditional lectures in Microbiology. Materials and Method: Experimental study was conducted in department of microbiology after obtaining ethical committee permission and students consent. 60 students of MBBS 3rd semester were divided in to two batches A & B with 30 each. Internal class test marks of the two batches were taken to acknowledge the validity of post test result, followed by sessions on PBL for batch A and traditional lecture for batch B, at the end, sessions were evaluated by post test in the form of MCQ, short assay and by taking feedback on PBL from both the batches by exposing batch B to PBL. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Results: The evaluation of internal class test marks of the two batches showed statistically insignificant (p value 0.261), after the sessions of PBL and traditional learning on a selected topic the post test conducted showed result was significant (p value <0.01) in favor of PBL. The feedback received favored PBL. Conclusion: Based on the findings in my study where PBL was evaluated in comparison to the traditional learning it was found that PBL was a better learning tool when compared to traditional method.
The Preprocessing Methods of Mammogram Images for Breast Cancer Detection

— Early detection of breast cancer increases the survival rate and increases the treatment options. In this paper, we present different preprocessing methods for mammogram images. The main goal of the preprocessing is to improve the mammogram image quality and make it ready for the segmentation and feature extraction. Different types of filtering techniques are available for preprocessing. Filters are used to improve image quality, removes the noise, preserves the edges within an image, enhance and smoothen the image
Rumen Methanogens Community as Drivers of Methane Emission

1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, SouthCentral Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3Haramaya University School of Animal and Range Sciences, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Characterization of Amylase Inhibitor from the Seeds of Mucuna utilis

Proteinaceous amylase inhibitors are present in plants which regulate the activity of amylases. An αAmylase inhibitor was isolated and purified by conventional protein purification techniques (ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephadex G-10, sephadex G-50 chromatography and HPLC) from Mucuna utilis seeds. Its molecular weight as determined by gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-100 was found to be 15 kDa. The purified inhibitor was temperature stable and retained more than 75% activity at 65 °C. Inhibitor was found to have pH optima of 6.9. 100% Zone of inhibition was observed when the inhibitor was added on the plated organisms. The Mucuna utilis amylase inhibitor was found to inhibit the activity of human salivary αamylase. Inhibitory activity of α-amylase inhibitor against mammalian amylases could suggest its potential in treatment of diabetes and cure of nutritional problems, which result in obesity.
Access Aware Routing Protocol (AARP) Towards Trust Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

— In this paper, Access Aware Routing Protocol (AARP) towards Trust Management problem for Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is proposed. In MANET, nodes periodically move over the terrain space with transmission range. In this research work a scheme to handle trust establishment and aggregation issues are proposed. Unlike trust management in previous schemes, trust management in MANET involves neighbor trust relationship along with location and time factors. Trust relations as a trust graph is modelled in order to enhance accuracy and efficiency of trust establishment among mobile nodes. The proposed mechanism is a decentralized and self-configurable trust aggregation scheme. To evaluate the performance, the proposed scheme is implemented in NS2. Packet delivery ratio, delay and overhead are the performance metrics chosen for the comparison with the existing scheme. Simulation results proved that the proposed scheme outperforms in terms of the chosen performance metrics.
Shadow Detection and Removal from Photo-realistic Synthetic Urban Image using Deep Learning

: Recently, virtual reality technology that can interact with various data is used for urban design and analysis. Reality, one of the most important elements in virtual reality technology, means visual expression so that a person can experience three-dimensional space like reality. To obtain this realism, real-world data are used in the various fields. For example, in order to increase the realism of 3D modeled building textures real aerial images are utilized in 3D modelling. However, the aerial image captured during the day can be shadowed by the sun and it can cause the distortion or deterioration of image. To resolve this problem, researches on detecting and removing shadows have been conducted, but the detecting and removing shadow is still considered as a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting and removing shadows using deep learning. For this work, we first a build a new dataset of photo-realistic synthetic urban data based on the virtual environment using 3D spatial information provided by VWORLD. For detecting and removing shadow from the dataset, firstly, the 1-channel shadow mask image is inferred from the 3-channel shadow image through the CNN. Then, to generate a shadow-free image, a 3-channel shadow image and a detected 1-channel shadow mask into the GAN is executed. From the experiments, we can prove that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in detecting and removing shadow.
Sepsis Diagnosis and Management

Sepsis has a new definition, and it is defined as dysregulated host response and organ dysfunction due to infection. To clearly define and screen for organ dysfunction, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and quick SOFA scoring system is recommended. Septic shock is a subset of sepsis in which profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a higher mortality risk. Sepsis incidence in India is under-reported. Inflammatory process and coagulation are closely linked in sepsis pathogenesis. Lactate measurement and its clearance are used both as a diagnosis and management tool for resuscitation in sepsis. Major recommendations by surviving sepsis campaign (SSC) for the management of sepsis are grouped in bundles of interventions. Recognition of golden hour in sepsis for early antibiotics and resuscitation is crucial. 30 cc/Kg crystalloid fluid bolus for septic shock should be infused within 3 h of triage or sepsis diagnosis. Fluid resuscitation in septic shock can be described in four stages the rescue, optimization, stabilization, and evacuation phases. Instead of targeting distinct values of central venous pressure and mixed venous oxygen saturation, the SSC guidelines now recommend to re-assess volume status and tissue perfusion within 6-h by repeated focused exam and lactate clearance. The first line vasopressor recommended in septic shock is norepinephrine. For patients with sepsis-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome, using higher over lower positive end-expiratory pressure, lower over higher tidal volume setting on the mechanical ventilator, and prone positioning is recommended. A protocolized approach should be used for blood glucose management in patients with sepsis, commencing insulin dosing when two consecutive blood glucose levels are >180 mg/dL and maintaining upper blood glucose level ≤180 mg/dL rather than ≤110 mg/dL. Assessment of nutritional status using scoring systems such as NUTRIC score and NRS 2002 should be made, and early enteral trophic feeding should be initiated and advanced within 24–48 h. Any initiative designed to improve adherence to the sepsis guidelines and thus improve performance in sepsis core measures requires an institution-specific, strategic, and planned approach. A trans-disciplinary team charged with the functions of raising sepsis awareness, developing sepsis focused educational programs, establishing a care pathway model and monitoring compliance and adherence to the sepsis bundles can help improve the sepsis outcomes. Future focus in sepsis is on earlier recognition, newer screening tools, education among public and health-care workers and optimizing recovery.
Low back pain among undergraduate students at Taif University-Saudi Arabia

Low back pain is the most common orthopedic health problem affecting population globally including Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among university students. A cross sectional approach was conducted and 1000 male students were selected by multistage random sampling technique. A self administered structured questionnaire including sociodemographic data and questions on the risk factors was used to collect data. Out of 1000 male students selected, 872 (87.2%) responded. The overall prevalence of low back pain among students was 30%. However, significant associations were found between low back pain and older students, being medical student, higher academic grades, being married and large family size. Moreover, physically inactive, being smoker, consumption of more coffee, tea or soft drink, sitting on uncomfortable furniture, history of psychological problem, positive family history of musculoskeletal disorders, overweight and obesity were significantly associated with low back pain. In conclusion, high prevalence of low back pain was recorded among University students. Greater attention should be directed towards ergonomic improvement of chair and desk. In addition, health education program on low back pain is highly recommended to the students and their families.
Comment on“Ruling out Any Electrophilicity Equalization Principle” and Hardness Equalization Principle

In the literature, popular electronic structure principles regarding electronegativity, chemical hardness and electrophilicity concepts are available. It is undeniable that the equalization principles related to reactivity indexes such as electronegativity, hardness, and electrophilicity have been widely used to calculate the partial charges of atoms in a molecule. It is apparent that all such equalization process about reactivity properties are described with the help of the relationship between said chemical property and charge.
Aneurysm detection in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: comparison of CT angiography and intra-arterial subtraction angiography

Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-2494 / Aneurysm detection in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: comparison of CT angiography and intra-arterial subtraction angiography" by: "I. Garcia Duitama, L. Aja Rodriguez, D. Rodriguez Bejarano, A. Pons Escoda, J. C. Sardinas Barrero, D. S. Palominos Pose, M. Perez Rubiralta, A. Muntane Sanchez; Barcelona/ES"
Osteoid Metaplasia of the Endometrium: A Case Report and Literature Review

Endometrial ossification is a rare condition. Most cases reported had a history of abortion. Clinical presentation may include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain and secondary infertility. Hysteroscopy appears to be the gold standard method to both diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of endometrial ossification in a woman who presented with pelvic pain. The patient had a pregnancy voluntarily terminated at an unknown gestational age. The diagnosis was suspected at Sonography. We insist on the fact that diagnosis must be considerate in a symptomatic or infertile woman with a history of both early and late abortion and illustrate the feasibility and safety of a hysteroscopic treatment for this condition.
Spectral Description of the Dissipation Mechanism for Wind Waves. Eddy Viscosity Model

The objective of this paper is to perform a theoretically justified parameterization of the dissipation function for wind waves in the spectral form. To solve the problem, the similarity method was used: similarity statements are formulated; dimensionless characteristics of the system are introduced; and general phenomenological representation of the dissipation function for wind waves DIS(S) is constructed. The only additional assumption is that this presentation is valid in a local approximation in the wave spectrum S. Physical analysis of the general representation allows us to reduce the dissipation function to the form DIS(S)∝ S. The further systematic formulation of the final representation of phenomenological function DIS(S) is performed by joining numerous previous results of the author. The physical meaning of the accepted parameterization parameters is analysed, and the correspondence of the parameterization with the new experimental facts found in this field for the last 5-10 years is shown. The previous numerical results are presented that illustrate a successful application of the constructed dissipation function. A regular theoretical justification of the revealed phenomenological representation of DIS(S) is based on the well-known Hasselmann’s approach[1]. This theory was modified by the system of postulates resulting in the dissipation mechanism realized due to turbulence in the upper water layer. Physically it means the eddy viscosity mechanism of wind wave dissipation. The final theoretical representation of the dissipation function corresponds to the phenomenological formulation: DIS(S)∝ S. This fact provides the physical justification of the phenomenological approach proposed.
DOES MONEY MARKET SPUR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA? GRANGER CAUSALITY APPROACH

This study examined the relationship between money market and economic growth in Nigeria. The study adopted money market instruments such as treasury bills (TBs), commercial papers (CPs) and bankers’ acceptances (BAs) as proxy for money market (independent variables), and gross domestic product (GDP) as proxy for economic growth (the dependent variable). Secondary time series data for the variables were collected from CBN Statistical Bulletin and the National Bureau of Statistics for the period 1989-2014. The study employed econometric techniques such as ADF, Unit Root Test, OLS, multiple regression and Granger Causality Test to analysed the study data; and found strong evidence that TBs, and CPs had positive and significant influence on GDP, while BAs had positive but insignificant influence on GDP in Nigeria. The granger causality test result revealed no directional causality relationship between TBs and GDP, meaning that TBs does not granger cause GDP and vice-versa. There was also no directional causality relationship between CPs and GDP, BAs and GDP. However, there exists bi-directional relationship running from CPs to TBs and BAs as it was established at 5 per cent level of significance. The study recommended among others that for the money market to influence meaningful economic growth and development in Nigeria, appropriate policies should be employed to strengthen and deepen the market.
A Pharmacoepidemiological Study of Cardiovascular Drugs in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Aim: A cardiovascular disease increases the burden of mortality and morbidity across the globe. The aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the prescribing pattern of the cardiovascular drugs among the patients admitted in the intensive care unit of Department of Cardiology of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: It is a single centered, observational, non-interventional, prospective study which has been carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad, Princess Esra Hospital for a period of 6 months. The data was collected in the specifically designed form. Total 70 study sample was collected and analyzed in terms of descriptive and inferential analysis. The continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD and categorical variables were presented as numbers. Statistical analysis was done using graph pad version 7.03. Results: The percentage of male (51%) patients were slightly higher than females (49%). Most of the patients were in the age group of 51 to 60 years. Atorvastatin (82.85%) were found to be the most highly prescribed drug and the fixed drug combination of aspirin and clopidogrel (72.85%) was present in most of the prescriptions. Conclusion: The drugs were found to be prescribed according to the current guidelines. This study analyzes the present prescribing trends of the cardiovascular drugs in the clinical scenario. The study has found that majority of the drugs prescribed were in alliance with the current guidelines. In addition to the proper prescription auditing, patients should be educated regarding the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases.
Cognitive and Anti Oxidant Property of Mimusops elengi Linn. in the Experimental Model of Alzhiemer’s Disease in Rats

Objective: Mimusops elengi Linn, is one such important medicinal plant whose bark, leaves and flowers have proved to have several pharmacological properties. In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract of flowers is used to study the protective role in Alzhiemer’s disease. Materials and Methods:Rats were divided into 5 groups and treated with Colchicine (15μg/rat) through Intracerebroventricular route(I.C.V). Mimusops elengi flower extract(ME) was administered at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg(p.o route) once a day for 28 days.The standard group recives Donepezil(img/kg,p.o) and the Invivo pharmacological tests and biochemical assessments were made on 7,14 and 28 day of administration. Results: ME significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01) improved the behavioural paramenetrs in Invivo pharmacological tests , Acetylcholinestarase levels and antioxidant in a dose dependent manner and significanmtly(P<0.05) reduced MDA levels. Conclusion: ME possesse significant antioxidant activity and shows neuroprotection in Alzhiemer’s disease.
Application of Antibiotics for Control of Citrus Huanglongbing

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus. HLB has spread to most of the citrus growing areas in the world and causes significantly decline in both citrus production and citrus industry economic output. HLB is caused by three species of fastidious, phloem-resided alpha proteo bacteria: ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), ‘Candidatus Liberibacter americanus’(Lam), and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter africanus’ (Laf) [1-3], which are transmitted by the insect vectors, the African citrus psyllid, Triza erytreae [4] or Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri [5]. Control of HLB in the field is urgently needed but difficult to achieve due to the lack of resistant citrus species and cultivars as well as effective integrated management. Chemotherapy is considered to be an effective short-term strategy for control of HLB. With the finding that prokaryotic organisms were associated with HLB, antibiotics have been applied by injecting into trees in several countries or regions in attempt to control citrus HLB [6]. Currently, many antibiotics have been screened and evaluated by our team and several were determined to be effective or partly-effective in combating HLB.
DETERMINATION OF HAEMODIALYSIS ADEQUACY BY IONIC DIALYSANCE: APPLICATION AND LIMITATIONS

Background and aim of study to dialysis adequacy. delivered Kt/V of dialysis treatment. measured by ionic dialysance (Kt/Vocm) and Kt/V calculated with Daugirdas formula (Kt/V D) taking int treatment dose delivered to individual patients. Methods females) with ESRD on regular hemodialysis. Hemodialysis treatments for the studied patients were performed using a Fresenius 5008 machine equipped with online clearance mon monitoring for the studied patients per session. calculate the Kt/V (Kt/V D) per week. blood(Vimp). Results Watson formula to determine urea volume distribution (Kt/Vw.ocm) and Kt/V calculated by Daugirdas formula (Kt/V.D) in both single and double pool Kt/V.Dsp by 9.0% between Kt/Vocm when V values estimated using Vimp and Kt/V.Dsp or Kt/V.Deq became stronger. Kt/Vocm varied greatly within individual patients, between the coefficient of varia Conclusion Accurate estimation of V is required for Kt/V calculated from ocm to be consistent with the blood based methods. between ocm and blood necessary to gain a true picture of the mean treatment dose being delivered to patients.
EVALUATION OF INITIAL AND MEDIUM-TERM RESULTS OF BALLOON PULMONARY VALVULOPLASTY IN CRITICAL VALVULAR PULMONARY STENOSIS IN NEONATES AND YOUNG INFANTS

Introduction: Critical pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a life-threatening congenital heart defect. Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was first introduced as a therapeutic procedure by Kan et al in 1982. Over the years, management of critical PVS in young infants has evolved from surgical reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and closed pulmonary valvotomy to transcatheter balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV), which is now the standard therapeutic procedure. Objectives: To evaluate the initial and medium-term results of BPV in neonates and young infants with critical PVS as carried out at the Alexandria University Children’s Hospital. Patients and Methods: From 2009 through 2017, 61 neonates and young infants with critical PVS were subjected to BPV. They were followed-up by clinical and echocardiographic evaluation for 1->7 years, after BVP. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.9 ± 45.3 days and mean weight was 4.29 ± 1.33 kg. The mean PV annulus diameter by echo was 8.3± 1.2(6-11.5) mm, whereas by angiographic measurement was 7.9± 1.2 mm (5.4-11.5). The mean Doppler gradient across the PV was 128.1±15.8 mmHg and the mean catheter gradient was 96.7±11 mmHg. The mean inflated balloon diameter was 10.4±1.5 mm. The balloon/PV annulus ratio by angiogram was 1.32±0.06. The mean pressure gradient across PV post-ballooning was 21.7±9.7 mmHg by Doppler and 1.9 ± 6.4 mmHg by catheter. The SaO2 increased from 88.9±3.1% pre-ballooning to 94.3±1.9% post-ballooning. Complete success was achieved in 58 cases (95%). Complications were encountered in 5 cases (8.2%), all recovered completely. Residual gradient occurred in 3 cases (4.9%). Re-intervention was done in 5 cases (8.2%). Conclusions: BPV for critical PVS in neonates and young infants is feasible, effective and safe; and offers a great chance of saving such babies, but is technically demanding and could have some complications.