Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Meaning of BIM

The paper is a position paper, not a report about a research project. It concerns the paradigm-shift that is taking place in the CAAD software and its implications for the business of architecture and more importantly, for the education of future members of the profession. Twenty years ago the use of CAAD software as a replacement for hand drafting was starting. Since then the transformation is complete: hardly a final project in the universities is drawn by hand. Currently, we are witnessing a second paradigm shift and its name is BIM. The meaning of BIM is rooted in two significant differences to current CAAD software and this will have implications for teaching and practicing architecture. The first difference is the way the software structures information in the CAAD file. The standard way to save CAAD information was to organise simple geometric objects according to membership in groups and to sort them according to a layer-metaphor, which primarily controlled the visibility of the geometric elements. Three-dimensional modelling is/was nothing more than the same structure with a more complex geometry. BIM software changes this structure by storing classes of geometries and then to store the specific values of individual geometries according to factors that can be determined by external or internal logical factors. The implication for architects is that we have the chance to be the people in control of the building information model, so long as we invest the time and energy to fully understand what is happening to the building information during the planning process. If we ignore this, the real danger exists that the last control of the building’s final configuration will be usurped. As educators we are currently teaching students that will be leaving the schools in 2012 and beyond. By then, the paradigm-shift will be in full motion and so it behoves us to consider which skill sets we want the next generation of architects to possess. This means not just teaching students about how to use particular BIM software or how to program a certain parametric/genetic algorithm in a form-finding process. We need to teach our students to take the leadership in building information management and that means understanding and controlling how the building information flows, how the methodologies that are used by the consulting engineers affect our building models, and knowing what kind of logical inconsistencies (internal or external) can threaten the design intention.
Autonomous Silencing as Well as Competition Controls γ-Globin Gene Expression during Development

ABSTRACT To investigate the control of the γ-globin gene during development, we produced transgenic mice in which sequences of the β-gene promoter were replaced by equivalent sequences of the γ-gene promoter in the context of a human β-globin locus yeast artificial chromosome (βYAC) and analyzed the effects on globin gene expression during development. Replacement of 1,077 nucleotides (nt) of the β-gene promoter by 1,359 nt of the γ promoter resulted in striking inhibition of the γ-promoter/β-gene expression in the adult stage of development, providing direct evidence that the expression of the γ gene in the adult is mainly controlled by autonomous silencing. Measurements of the expression of the γ promoter/β-globin gene as well as the wild γ genes showed that gene competition is also involved in the control of γ-gene expression in the fetal stage of development. We conclude that autonomous silencing is the main mechanism controlling γ-gene expression in the adult, while autonomous silencing as well as competition between γ and β genes contributes to the control of γ to β switching during fetal development.
Hypernatraemia in South African hospitalised patients

Background: Hypernatraemia is a common electrolyte problem in hospitalized patients and is associated with a high mortality rate. We aimed to determine the incidence, causes, management, and outcomes of hypernatraemia in adult hospitalized patients at a large South African tertiary hospital. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Adult patients with hypernatraemia (at least one serum sodium concentration ≥150 mmol/L) during a 3-month period in 2014 were identified from our laboratory database for inclusion. Results : There were 204 patients with hypernatraemia, an incidence of 1.5%. Of these patients, 101 (49.5%) were male, and the mean age was 53 years. There were 66 patients (32.4%) who had hypernatraemia on admission, and 138 who developed it during the course of their hospital stay. The overall in-hospital mortality was 38.7%, with higher rates for older patients and those with more severe degrees of hypernatraemia. Contributory causes which were most commonly present included dehydration/hypovolaemia (45%), followed by sepsis (39%). Net sodium gain, rather than water deficit, was identified as the main mechanism in most of the patients who developed hypernatraemia in the intensive care units. We found little evidence of any diagnostic work-up and also found that the details of fluid therapy and intake-output charting were poorly documented. Conclusions : There is a very high mortality rate in our hospitalized patients with hypernatraemia. The diagnostic work-up and therapy was often inadequate or poorly documented. The management of this important condition needs to be improved with the aid of standardized protocols.
A Survey on Time Domain MIMO Identification Techniques for Experimental and Operational Modal Analysis

ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 01 September 2015 Accepted 26 October 2015 Available Online 30 November 2015 A comparison between three different time domain MIMO modal identification techniques i.e., ERA, EITD and PRCE is performed. The comparison is executed for discontinuous (mass and spring) and continuous (beam) systems in two different cases,experimental and operational modal analysis techniques. For this purpose the modal parameters of the system are measured using both direct time history data of impulse response (EMA) as well as correlation function of random response of the structure (OMA). From the results it is noted that some parameters like sampling frequency and total recording time effect their accuracy. Sensitivities of the results due to these parameters are measured and reported for all three considered methods. For this purpose the effecting parameters are altered between a couple of values and the sensitivity of the results is studied for all methods in both EMA and OMA cases. Finally, a comparison between the results of different methods is done and the accuracy of the methods is studied. It is concluded that ERA is the most accurate and reliable method with the least sensitivity to effecting parameters in both EMA and OMA cases.
The additional diagnostic value of NLR and PLR for CA-125 in the differential diagnosis of endometrioma and benign ovarian cysts in women of reproductive age: a retrospective case-control study

Objectives: Aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) in a differential diagnosis of endometrioma from benign ovarian cysts. Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical data of a total of 213 patients aged < 40 years who underwent laparoscopic or laparotomic surgery for ovarian cysts between April 2015 and June 2018 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, as those with endometriomas and those with other benign ovarian cysts, all which had been confirmed histopathologically. Data on age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative US findings, complete blood count analysis results, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and the presence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and chronic pelvic pain were recorded. Results: NLR, PLR and CA-125 were increased in the patients with endometrioma, although increases in the NLR and PLR alone or combined did not contribute to the sensitivity or specificity of CA-125. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that NLR and PLR did not contribute to the diagnostic value of CA-125 in the preoperative differential diagnosis of endometriomas or other benign ovarian cysts. In addition, CA-125 was not associated with clinical symptoms, although a relationship was identified between NLR and dysmenorrhea, and between PLR and lesion size, which may be the research focus of further studies.
Climate-induced input of turbid glacial meltwater affects vertical distribution and community composition of phyto- and zooplankton

Receding glaciers are among the most obvious changes caused by global warming, and glacial meltwater entering lakes generally forms plumes of particles. By taking vertical samples along a horizontal gradient from such a particle source, we found that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) attenuated 20-25% faster close to the inflow of suspended particles compared with the more transparent part of the gradient. All sampled stations had a deep chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum at 15-20 m which was more distinct in the transparent part of the horizontal gradient. Picocyanobacteria increased in abundance in more transparent water and their numbers were tightly correlated with the intensity of the deep Chl a maxima. Motile species of phytoplankton had a deeper depth distribution in transparent versus less transparent water. Yet other species, like Chrysochromulina parva, that can withstand high PAR intensities and low nutrient concentrations, increased in abundance as the water became more transparent. Also copepods increased in abundance, indicating that they are more successful in transparent water. We conclude that sediment input into lakes creates horizontal gradients in PAR and UVR attenuation which strongly affect both distribution and behavior of phyto-and zooplankton. The input of glacial flour creates a sub-habitat that can function as a refuge for species that are sensitive to high PAR and UVR exposure. When the glacier has vanished, this habitat may disappear. During the melting period, with heavy sediment input, we predict that competitive species in transparent waters, like Chrysocromulina, picocyanobacteria and copepods, will become less common. The deep Chl a maxima is also likely to become less developed. Hence, glacier melting will probably have profound effects on both species composition and behavior of several planktonic taxa with potential effects on the food web.
A NEW URINARY MARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASSSURGERY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Acute kidney injury (AKI) signifiesfrequentcomplicationaftercardiacsurgeryusingcardiopulmonarybypass(CPB). AKIraises the risk for prospective chronic kidney disease and renal failure, with its related mortality and morbidity. Traditional diagnostic approaches to AKI diagnosis such as changes in serum creatinine and blood urea was delayed by 2 to 3 days after CPB. Early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery may improve patient’s outcome, potentially reducing mortality, hospital length of stay, and costs. In the hope to enhance earlier more reliable characterization of AKI, we tested the utility of urine lipocalin biomarker in addition to standard creatinine and blood urea for early determination of AKI after cardiac surgery using CPB. Thirty patients were enrolled in the current study. 9 patients (30%) developed AKI and 21 (70%) did not (non-AKI group). Groups were comparable regarding demographics and surgical features. Serum creatinine and blood urea levels showed no statistical differences between the two groups at 2 hours after surgery and later on the firstpostoperativeday. A significantelevationofcreatinineandbloodureaonlyobservedinthegroupwithAKIonthesecondpost-operativeday.Urinary lipocalin showed a highly significantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups2hoursafterCPB(P=<0.001)andlateronthe firstpostoperativeday(P<0.001). Elevatedlipocalinlevelssignificantlycorrelatedwithlongercardiopulmonarybypass,longer hospital stay, and death. From this study, it could be concluded that urinary lipocalin was a powerful predictor of acute kidney injury following CPB surgery.
Revisiting User Mobility and Social Relationships in LBSNs: A Hypergraph Embedding Approach

Location Based Social Networks (LBSNs) have been widely used as a primary data source to study the impact of mobility and social relationships on each other. Traditional approaches manually define features to characterize users' mobility homophily and social proximity, and show that mobility and social features can help friendship and location prediction tasks, respectively. However, these hand-crafted features not only require tedious human efforts, but also are difficult to generalize. In this paper, by revisiting user mobility and social relationships based on a large-scale LBSN dataset collected over a long-term period, we propose LBSN2Vec, a hypergraph embedding approach designed specifically for LBSN data for automatic feature learning. Specifically, LBSN data intrinsically forms a hypergraph including both user-user edges (friendships) and user-time-POI-semantic hyperedges (check-ins). Based on this hypergraph, we first propose a random-walk-with-stay scheme to jointly sample user check-ins and social relationships, and then learn node embeddings from the sampled (hyper)edges by preserving n-wise node proximity (n = 2 or 4). Our evaluation results show that LBSN2Vec both consistently and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art graph embedding methods on both friendship and location prediction tasks, with an average improvement of 32.95% and 25.32%, respectively. Moreover, using LBSN2Vec, we discover the asymmetric impact of mobility and social relationships on predicting each other, which can serve as guidelines for future research on friendship and location prediction in LBSNs.
Implementing segmented ion trap designs for quantum computing

Implementing Segmented Ion Trap Designs For Quantum Computing. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Trinity Term 2008 Gergely Imreh St. Peter’s College, Oxford With all the key elements of quantum computing in ion traps demonstrated by the research community, the focus is now placed on building more sophisticated traps with larger numbers of ions to allow practical scale information processing. One promising avenue is to store ions in and shuttle them between many independent traps which serve as potential interaction sites. The core of the work described in this thesis is the experimental evaluation of a microfabricated segmented ion trap, built by Sandia National Laboratories (“Sandia trap”). These experiments required construction of a wholly new optical setup including laser and detection systems, a vacuum system and control electronics. Among our experimental achievements were: successful loading of single and pairs of ions in the microscale trap, measurement of ion storage lifetime, measurement of the motional heating rate with a time-resolved Doppler-cooling method, which showed above than average heating, and implemented a single-ion shuttling method, which reliably transferred the ion through a distance of 360 μm (two DC electrode widths away) and back. These results have been used to improve the next version of the Sandia trap design. We also used computer modelling to study several aspects of ion traps: a mesoscopic ion trap designed for fast ion separation, simulated ion loading to quantify requirements for successful trapping in small and shallow traps, and analyzed a precise shuttling method — where the time dependence of the trapping potential is engineered such that there is minimal motional heating. The results show that ion trap arrays at the 100 μm distance scale are feasible and suggest that such multiple trap designs merit further study.
Structural aspects of cluster root development and their possible significance for nutrient acquisition in Grevillea Robusta (Proteaceae)

Abstract Light microscopy (LM), scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study structure and function of cluster roots in Grevillea robusta . These roots were developed during growth of G. robusta seedlings in modified Hoagland's solution lacking phosphate. Cluster rootlets formed root hairs, basipetally, only after completing their determinate development. The rootlet hairs branched in two ways and some had apical swelling. Rootlets with hairs produced two different forms of exudate, one fibrous and the other globular in nature. The fibrous material appeared to be synthesised in the cortical cells. It is released by exocytosis from the epidermis. Rootlet hairs produced only fibrous exudate. They attached firmly to pieces of vermiculite. The significance of cluster roots is discussed within the context of patchy soil resources.
Analysis of Students’ Experiences with Microsoft Dynamics NAV Solution Using Technological Acceptance Model

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solutions are the most frequently used software tool in companies in all industries. The growing body of scientific literature about the acceptance of ERP solutions by users in companies reflects the growing percieved importance of ERP solutions for business management as well. The labour market requires the knowledge and skills for usage of ERP solutions from graduates – future employees. The main objective of our paper is therefore the identification of important factors that contribute to the acceptance of ERP solutions by students in economics and business and that shape their intentions to use this knowledge in the future. The conceptual model of our research is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), extended by identified important multidimensional external factors that refer to (1) students’ personal characteristics and information literacy, (2) perceived system and technological characteristics of ERP solutions and (3) perceived support within the study process. The conceptual model formed was tested using the structural equation modeling. Research results revailed that several dimensions of the three external factors play an important role in shaping the attitudes towards acceptance of ERP solutions by students. Results of the study have important implications for higher education institutions, reforming and updating their study programs, as well as for educators in the field of economics and business sciences.
Taxon Sampling and Reverse Successive Weighting

Homoplasy in some data sets appears to reflect a hierarchy of nonrandom signals. The possible presence bf a nonrandom sec? ondary signal is an important consideration if operations are to be used that assume random homoplasy, such as a posteriori successive weighting. Trueman (1998) pre? sented a method for detecting hierarchical structure in a phylogenetic data matrix and applied his method to two different crocodylian data sets. In this note, I show that the topology and the strength of the secondary signal Trueman recovered for one of these data sets are influenced by the number and phylogenetic position of taxa included in the analysis. In Trueman's method, reverse successive weighting (RSW), nonhomoplastic charac? ters on the set of optimal trees for a given data set are downweighted or deleted from the matrix, and trees supported by the re? sulting matrix are examined for signal. The presence of robust nodes in these trees is taken as evidence that homoplasy is not random noise but instead reflects a signal in the data matrix that, though nonrandom, is weaker than the primary signal expressed in the optimal trees. RSW can be applied it? eratively? character states can be mapped on the tree recovered from the first step, nonhomoplastic characters can be re? moved, and the matrix run yet again until secondary signal(s) are lost. Trueman applied his new method to two different crocodylian matrices? morphol? ogy (Brochu, 1997) and 12S rRNA sequence data (modified by Brochu from Gatesy et al., 1993). These trees differ primarily in the placement of Gavialis gangeticus, the Indian gharial. Morphology regards Gavialis as the sister taxon of all other living crocodylians, whereas 12S rRNA data (and other molecu? lar data sets) favor a sister taxon relation? ship between Gavialis and Tomistoma schlegelii, the false gharial (Gatesy and Amato, 1992; Poe, 1996; Brochu, 1997). When nonhomoplastic characters are removed from the morphplogy matrix, the resulting opti? mal tree is congruent with molecular data sets for crocodylians and supports a Gavialis-Tomistoma clade (Fig. 1). These relation? ships hold through two iterations of RSW. That the secondary signal in morphology might reflect the correct organismal phy-
Hydrolysis of (1,4)-β-D-mannans in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is mediated by the concerted action of (1,4)-β-D-mannan endohydrolase and β-D-mannosidase

A family GH5 (family 5 glycoside hydrolase) (1,4)-beta-D-mannan endohydrolase or beta-D-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), designated HvMAN1, has been purified 300-fold from extracts of 10-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings using ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation, followed by ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified HvMAN1 is a relatively unstable enzyme with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kDa, a pI of 7.8 and a pH optimum of 4.75. The HvMAN1 releases Man (mannose or D-mannopyranose)-containing oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization 2-6 from mannans, galactomannans and glucomannans. With locust-bean galactomannan and mannopentaitol as substrates, the enzyme has K(m) constants of 0.16 mg x ml(-1) and 5.3 mM and kcat constants of 12.9 and 3.9 s(-1) respectively. Product analyses indicate that transglycosylation reactions occur during hydrolysis of (1,4)-beta-D-manno-oligosaccharides. The complete sequence of 374 amino acid residues of the mature enzyme has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a near full-length cDNA, and has allowed a three-dimensional model of the HvMAN1 to be constructed. The barley HvMAN1 gene is a member of a small (1,4)-beta-D-mannan endohydrolase family of at least six genes, and is transcribed at low levels in a number of organs, including the developing endosperm, but also in the basal region of young roots and in leaf tips. A second barley enzyme that participates in mannan depolymerization through its ability to hydrolyse (1,4)-beta-D-manno-oligosaccharides to Man is a family GH1 beta-D-mannosidase, now designated HvbetaMANNOS1, but previously identified as a beta-D-glucosidase [Hrmova, MacGregor, Biely, Stewart and Fincher (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11134-11143], which hydrolyses 4NP (4-nitrophenyl) beta-D-mannoside three times faster than 4NP beta-D-glucoside, and has an action pattern typical of a (1,4)-beta-D-mannan exohydrolase.
A note on the dependence of meat texture on the temperature of measurement

Meat cooked at 80 °C has a significantly greater resistance to shear when measured at 20 °C than when measured at 70 °C. However, the texture of meat cooked at 55 °C displays no such temperature dependence. Scanning calorimetry indicates that partial reversion of heat induced collagen unfolding in cooled, well cooked meat may explain the increased toughness of the cooled samples.