Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Share Price Reactions to CEO Resignations and Large Shareholder Monitoring in Listed French Companies

This study has analysed the share price reactions to changes in top management.A distinction was made among different types of CEO turnover: forced resignation, voluntary departures and age-related retirements.The announcement of a forced CEO resignation is hailed favourably by the market with a small but significantly positive abnormal return of 0.5%. The market may have anticipated the forced turnover since the abnormal return over a one-month period prior to the turnover amounts to 6%. Wher as voluntary resignations do not cause a price reactions, age-related turnover triggers a small negative price reaction. Subsequently, a more detailed classification of the change of top management was made based on the background of the successor (an internal versus external candidate), on the size of the corporation and the degree of corporate diversification.Expectedly, the nomination of an external manager following the performance-related forced resignation of a CEO causes a strong increase in abnormal returns of more than 2%. The cumulative abnormal return of an internal CEO promotion in a poorly performing firms drops by almost 1% on the day of the announcement.Presumably, this is because the internal manager is held (partially) responsible for past poor performance.In companies with good past performance and with internal succession, there is a price decline, but this is not statistically significant.The paper also analysed which corporate governance mechanisms are responsible for forced CEO turnover.A logit regression which accounted for time and industry specific fixed effects did not reveal a relation between performance and turnover.Furthermore, institutional investors, banks and the government do not seem to provoke CEO departures even if they own large blocks of equity.We did not find evidence that the government exerts control in the companies in which it holds majority shareholdings.In contrast, when industrial companies are major owners, there is evidence that forced turnover is facilitated.It also seems that it is easier to remove management in smaller companies than in larger ones.On the part of holding companies, there is only some evidence that they take a monitoring role in the case of other listed holding companies.No correlation was discovered between the degree of leverage and forced CEOs departures, although CEO turnover is acilitated if creditors have their own representatives on the board.Likewise, a high proportion of shareholder representatives on the board leads to a higher probability of forced CEO resignations.However, this probability decreases when the founding family is represented by one or more (executive) directors.
A Preliminary Study In Vertical Distribution Of Planktonic Foraminifera And Marine Ecological Conditions Of Simeulue Sub-Basin, Aceh, Indonesia

A marine sediment core EW17-09 (03˚ 28’358” latitude and 96˚ 18’788” longitude, 870 m water depth, 390 cm core length) was retrieved from the western Sumatra, Simeulue sub-basin, Indonesia. Simeulue sub-basin are situated in eastern Indian Ocean, western part of Aceh Province, which is one of the outer islands in Indonesia. This sub-basin is influenced by adjacent lands in response to tectonic and climate dynamics. The dynamics of marine ecological conditions in the past is an urgent need for providing an analogy to the changes in the future conditions. In this study, the ecological conditions were examined by identifying the vertical distribution of planktonic foraminifera assemblages. This preliminary study demonstrated the presence of Globigerinoides ruber, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globigerina calida calida, Globigerinoides elongates, Globigerinoides cyclostomus and Globigerinoides sacculiferus in the samples. The assemblages indicate warm water conditions prevailed in the Simeulue sub-basin during the deposition of the samples. However, subtle ecological changes might have occurred in response to the dynamic of thermocline layer. Cluster analysis of planktonic foraminifera abundance and diversity resulted in three groups showing different ecological conditions. Warm water conditions, high salinity, deeper thermocline with moderate sedimentation disturbance prevailed during the deposition of lower part of the core. Oligotropic water conditions with higher temperature, lower salinity, shallower thermocline layer, and moderate sedimentation disturbance predominated during the deposition of the middle part of the core. The paleooceanography conditions of the upper part of the core are comparable to the lower part. Nevertheless, there are a shoaling of the thermocline in the end of the period. These conditions may indicate an increase in upwelling fluctuations and may represent a change in the IOD-like mean state of the Indian Ocean.
Microscopic Views of Atomic and Molecular Oxygen Bonding with epi Ge(001)-2 × 1 Studied by High-Resolution Synchrotron Radiation Photoemission

In this paper, we investigate the embryonic stage of oxidation of an epi Ge(001)-2 × 1 by atomic oxygen and molecular O2 via synchrotron radiation photoemission. The topmost buckled surface with the up- and down-dimer atoms, and the first subsurface layer behaves distinctly from the bulk by exhibiting surface core-level shifts in the Ge 3d core-level spectrum. The O2 molecules become dissociated upon reaching the epi Ge(001)-2 × 1 surface. One of the O atoms removes the up-dimer atom and the other bonds with the underneath Ge atom in the subsurface layer. Atomic oxygen preferentially adsorbed on the epi Ge(001)-2 ×1 in between the up-dimer atoms and the underneath subsurface atoms, without affecting the down-dimer atoms. The electronic environment of the O-affiliated Ge up-dimer atoms becomes similar to that of the down-dimer atoms. They both exhibit an enrichment in charge, where the subsurface of the Ge layer is maintained in a charge-deficient state. The dipole moment that was originally generated in the buckled reconstruction no longer exists, thereby resulting in a decrease in the ionization potential. The down-dimer Ge atoms and the back-bonded subsurface atoms remain inert to atomic O and molecular O2, which might account for the low reliability in the Ge-related metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices.
Pembelajaran Blended Learning dengan Metode Praktikum untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa SMK

The Covid-19 pandemic and government regulations regarding the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities in Indonesia have caused face-to-face learning activities not to be fully implemented. One way to be used as an alternative is through blended learning, which combines online and offline learning activities. This study aims to test vocational students' learning outcomes through blended learning with practicum methods. The population of this study was all students of class XI TKJ of SMK Negeri 1 Liwa, and the samples selected by purposive sampling technique were students of class X-TKJ1 as the control class and students of X-TKJ2 as the experimental class. This study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The two sample classes were given a pretest and posttest, which were then analyzed to determine the N-gain for each class. The results showed differences in student learning outcomes in the experimental and control classes with N-gains, respectively, 0.72 and 0.40. The analysis results showed that the average increase in student learning outcomes in the experimental class was higher than in the control class. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that blended learning with practicum methods can improve student learning outcomes.
NITRATE TRANSPORT IN CLAY SOILS AND ITS LOSSES INTO FIELD DRAINS TILES FROM UREA APPLIED FOR SUGAR BEET

Two field experiments were carried out at Fuwwa district, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate (North Nile Delta), during the two growing seasons 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to find out the impact of tile drainage system with two spacings of 30-m and 60-m on nitrate losses. N-fertilizer in the form of urea was added in two doses before the first and second irrigation. Results indicated that, water table levels increased with time after irrigation. The drop was faster with 30 m spacing than 60 m one. Drain discharge were higher for 30 m spacing (0.09 – 9.15 mm/day) than 60 m one (0.34-7.48 mm/day). NO 3- content of the soil was decreased with the increasing of soil depth. The highest contents of NO 3-were found after fertilizer application, and ranged from 29.4 to 61.5 ppm. These contents were reduced at the end of seasons. After fertilizer application, NO 3- content was lower to some degree in 30 m spacing than 60 m spacing. At the end of seasons, NO 3- content was increased under 60 m spacing than 30 m by about 26.3% and 24.9% for the first and second seasons, respectively. Nitrate concentration in drainage water during the two growing seasons was reduced with the time and it ranged from 11 to 18.5 ppm. The concentration of NO 3-was higher under 30 m spacing than 60 m spacing. The average of NO 3-concentrations for 30 m and 60 m spacings in the first season were 12.9 and 11.9 ppm, respectively. The estimated loss of NO 3- was 16.7 kg/fed for 30 m drain spacing and 11.7 kg/fed for 60 m. Also, in the second season the estimated loss of NO 3- was 16.8 kg/fed for 30 m drain spacing and 11.8 kg/fed for 60 m one. NO 3- concentration in the groundwater ranged from 12.4 to 20.1 ppm and reduced at the end of seasons. The concentration of n in groundwater was higher with 30 m spacing than 60 m one. Root, shoot and gross sugar yield of sugar beet was higher under 30 m spacing than 60 m one. N-uptake by root and shoot was paralleled to the yield results, whereas, N-uptake of root and shoot was higher with 30 m spacing than 60 m spacing, in both seasons. Nitrogen application efficiency (%) was higher in 30 m spacing than 60 m for both seasons. Research should be focused on designing practical strategies to minimize the preferential flow during the first few irrigations after fertilizers application and consequently nitrate loss. Continued research is also needed on ways to better predict and apply N to more closely match the needs of the crop during the growing season.
Work-related stress among headteachers in Wales: Prevalence, sources, and solutions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, sources, and underlying causes of work-related stress among headteachers in Wales and to identify possible solutions. An online questionnaire was sent to all 1588 headteachers across Wales. The questionnaire included demographic questions, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Management Standards Tool, a list of known stressors, and open questions exploring the underlying causes and possible solutions. A total of 359 (22.6%) headteachers completed the survey. Two-thirds of participants reported experiencing levels of stress that were rated as ‘high’. Pressures of managing greater demands and increasing workload with fewer financial resources and a lack of support from local authorities were the main sources of stress. Solutions focused on improved funding to enhance staffing and resources at a school level, reduced accountability, and improved support. The findings indicated that a multi-faceted, multi-level, intervention approach, extending beyond improving personal resilience and individual school improvements, into regional and national opportunities for change, is likely to be most effective in reducing work-related stress within the profession.
econstor Make Your Publications Visible . A Service of zbw

This paper states necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and updating according to Bayes’ rule, of subjective probabilities representing individuals’ beliefs. The approach is preference based, and the result is an axiomatic subjective expected utility model of Bayesian decision making under uncertainty with statedependent preferences. The theory provides foundations for the existence of prior probabilities representing decision makers’ beliefs about the likely realization of events and for the updating of these probabilities according to Bayes’ rule.
POLONICA A No . 1 Magnetic Behaviour of the Ce Co Mn Intermetallics of MgCu 2 Structure Type

The magnetic properties of CeCoMn, Ce3Co3Mn4 and Ce3Co6Mn alloys have been investigated by magnetization and susceptibility measurements in the temperature range (5 300) K and magnetic eld up to 12 T. X-ray powder di raction measurements showed that all three alloys are isostructural and crystallize in the cubic MgCu2 structure type. Both Ce and Co atoms are non-magnetic in all alloys like in the isostructural compound CeCo2. Magnetic behavior of the investigated alloys is mostly due to the Mn moments and depends essentially on the Mn Mn distances. The interaction between the Mn moments is antiferromagnetic in CeCoMn and Ce3Co3Mn4 but a paramagnetic behavior for Ce3Co6Mn was evidenced in the studied temperature range.
“Multiomics” Approaches to Understand and Treat COVID-19: Mass Spectrometry and Next-Generation Sequencing

In the race against COVID-19 for timely therapeutic developments, mass spectrometry-based high-throughput methods have been valuable. COVID-19 manifests an extremely diverse spectrum of phenotypes from asymptomatic to life-threatening, drastic elevations in immune response or cytokine storm, multiple organ failure and death. These observations warrant a detailed understanding of associated molecular mechanisms to develop therapies. In this direction, high-throughput methods that generate large datasets focusing on changes in protein interactions, lipid metabolism, transcription, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression are extremely beneficial sources of information. Hence, mass spectrometry-based methods have been employed in several studies to detect changes in interactions among host proteins, and between host and viral proteins in COVID-19 patients. The methods have also been used to characterize host and viral proteins, and analyze lipid metabolism in COVID-19 patients. Information obtained using the above methods are complemented by high-throughput analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic changes associated with COVID-19, coupled with next-generation sequencing. Hence, this review discusses the most recent studies focusing on the methods described above. The results establish the importance of mass spectrometry-based studies towards understanding the infection process, immune imbalance, disease mechanism, and indicate the potential of the methods’ therapeutic developments and biomarker screening against COVID-19 and future outbreaks.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with the lipid profile in patients in hospital from Encarnación

Thyroid dysfunctions are a cause of morbidity and disability worldwide. Little information has been found on the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in Paraguay, so this study provides data on their presentation. The objective was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with the lipid profile in adult outpatients attending the laboratory of the Regional Hospital of Encarnación, during January-November 2016. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, based on the review of 250 medical records, 84 % of whom were women; the median age was 39 (35-47) years in men and 36 (32-43) years in women. Thirty percent were hypothyroid and 3 % hyperthyroid; the most frequent thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism with 19 %. Highly significant differences were found for total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and thyrotrophin between hypothyroid vs euthyroid, with the former having more atherogenic profiles. Logistic regression was used to assess the contribution of dyslipidaemia, finding a significant association with hypothyroidism (OR=3.24(1.81-5.81), p<0.001). Thirty-three percent of this population sample, 1 in 3 individuals, had thyroid dysfunction. These could be managed appropriately and further complications could be avoided.
Patterns of regulatory divergence and gene expression in hybrids are associated with molecular evolution in species undergoing gene flow

The extent to which hybridization disrupts a gene’s pattern of expression likely governs its propensity for introgression, while its extent of molecular divergence can itself underlie such disruption. Together, these phenomena shape the landscape of sequence and transcriptional divergence across the genome as species diverge. To understand this process, we examine gene expression inheritance, regulatory and molecular divergences in the reproductive transcriptomes of species linked by gene flow. The fruit flies Anastrepha fraterculus and A. obliqua show evidence of gene flow despite clear evolutionary divergence and incomplete reproductive isolation. We find that their transcriptional patterns are a mosaic between those typically observed within and between allopatric species. Genes showing transgressive expression in hybrids or cis-regulatory divergence between species are associated with greater molecular divergence. This may reflect pleiotropic constraints that make them more resistant to gene flow or they may be more likely to experience divergent selection. However, while these highly divergent genes are likely to be important contributors to species differences, they are relatively rare. Instead, most differentially regulated genes, including those linked to reproduction, show high degrees of dominance in hybrids and trans-regulated divergence between species, suggesting widespread genetic compatibility that allowed for the identified introgression. These findings provide insights into how postzygotic isolating mechanisms might evolve in the presence of gene flow: regions showing cis-regulatory divergence or transgressive expression contribute to reproductive isolation, while regions with dominant expression and trans-regulatory divergence act as a buffer of hybrid breakdown, facilitating introgression, and leading to a genomic mosaic of expression and sequence divergence.
Thermal infrared spectroscopy and modeling of experimentally shocked basalts

Abstract New measurements of thermal infrared emission spectra (250.1400 cm-1; ~7.40 μm) of experimentally shocked basalt and basaltic andesite (17.56 GPa) exhibit changes in spectral features with increasing pressure consistent with changes in the structure of plagioclase feldspars. Major spectral absorptions in unshocked rocks between 350.700 cm-1 (due to Si-O-Si octahedral bending vibrations) and between 1000.1250 cm-1 (due to Si-O antisymmetric stretch motions of the silica tetrahedra) transform at pressures >20.25 GPa to two broad spectral features centered near 950.1050 and 400.450 cm-1. Linear deconvolution models using spectral libraries composed of common mineral and glass spectra replicate the spectra of shocked basalt relatively well up to shock pressures of 20.25 GPa, above which model errors increase substantially, coincident with the onset of diaplectic glass formation in plagioclase. Inclusion of shocked feldspar spectra in the libraries improves fits for more highly shocked basalt. However, deconvolution models of the basaltic andesite select shocked feldspar end-members even for unshocked samples, likely caused by the higher primary glass content in the basaltic andesite sample.
Documento de Trabajo Working Paper N ° 457 N ° 457 THE CHILEAN BUSINESS CYCLES THROUGH THE LENS OF A STOCHASTIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

This paper uses an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with nominal and real rigidities, to describe the sources of business cycle fluctuations in Chile. Our results show that foreign shocks and domestic supply shock account for a large share of output fluctuations over the last 20 years. Relatively tight domestic monetary conditions have contributed to contain inflationary pressures arising from other shocks, namely a slowdown in productivity by mid 90s. Foreign factors are also behind the large swings exhibited by the real exchange rate, although a monetary contraction in 1998 explains part of the delayed adjustment of the exchange rate in response to effects of the Asian crisis. The tight monetary policy around 1998 also contributes to the slow recovery of the employment afterwards. _______________ In the development of the model we acknowledge comments and suggestions by Jaromir Benes, Rodrigo Caputo, Aaron Drew, Pablo García, Igal Magendzo, Anella Munro, Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, Camilo Tovar, Rodrigo Valdés, and seminar participants at Reserve Bank of New Zealand, the Reserve Bank of South Africa, and the Central Bank of Chile. We also thank Raphael Bergoeing and Rodrigo Cerda for their valuable comments in the Seminar on “Unobservables Variables in Macroeconomics” organized by the Central Bank of Chile in June 2007. An anonymous referee makes useful corrections to an early draft. The usual disclaimers apply. E-mail: jmedina@bcentral.cl, csoto@bcentral.cl.
Can the organisation and supervision environment influence both bullying and organisational commitment? Evidence from a police force survey.

Recently there has been a growing trend to recognise the damaging nature of workplace bullying in organisations' Dignity at Work policies. In this article the author explores the negative behaviours experienced by police officers and how the managerial factors that are known to influence OC alter the extent of these bullying behaviours. Using structural equation modelling the findings indicate that negative behaviour is common but the nature of bullying experienced is predominantly indirect and discreet. Senior ranks experience a different mix of behaviours but overall experience higher levels of bullying than junior ranks. The supervision environment was found to be a substantial predictor of the degree of bullying experienced as well as a dominant influence on organisational commitment levels. The findings suggest that bullying research may be advanced when it is considered in a broader frame, where the managerial and organisational factors that create an environment in which bullying is possible and is precipitated are considered. The author suggests that the consequences of poor interpersonal management and communication skills go beyond the expected negative consequences for weak commitment and low involvement because they create an environment in which bullying is more likely. The study is believed to be the first academic study that shows that bullying and commitment behaviours are influenced by the same organisational and managerial factors. The research highlights the importance of the supervision environment and how it might act as a gateway that enables or discourages bullying behaviours. 1 The author wishes to acknowledge the invaluable work of Constable C. Williams in arranging the survey’s administration and data collection.
Farms, Fertiliser, and Financial Frictions: Yields from a DSGE Model

This paper develops a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with a financial accelerator which captures key features of low-income countries (LICs). The predominance of supply shocks in LICs poses distinct challenges for policymakers, given the negative correlation between inflation and the output gap in the case of supply shocks. Our results suggest that: (1) in the face of a supply-side shock, the most desirable interest rate rule involves simply targeting current inflation and smoothing the policy interest rate; and (2) ignoring financial frictions when evaluating policy rules can be particularly problematic in LICs, where financial frictions loom especially large.