Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bahamas Salient of North America: Tectonic Framework, Stratigraphy, and Petroleum Potential

Radiometric dates from the sialic, continental, Florida basement demonstrate a minimum range in age for that basement of early Paleozoic-late Proterozoic. Geophysical data--seismic, gravimetric, and magnetic--suggest that this continental crust extends unbroken from Florida to the eastern Bahamas and northern Cuba. The total area involved, 300,000 sq km (116,000 sq mi), overlaps Africa in accepted "predrift" reconstructions. This overlap extends more than 1,500 km (960 mi) in an east-west direction. Because of this and the probable great age of the continental crust beneath the Bahamas, accepted "predrift" reconstructions are unacceptable, and alternate explanations ranging from the Nafe-Drake drift model to a fixist model must be reconsidered. The sialic crust of the Bahamas has played an important role in the geologic development of the Cuba-Bahamas-Florida region. (1) A pre-Jurassic basement ridge in central Cuba--extending to the longitude of the eastern Bahamas--played a major role in localizing the salt deposits of the Early and Middle Jurassic Punta Alegre Formation. This ridge extended much of the length of Cuba and apparently was a critical barrier for the salt basin. (2) The Early to Middle Jurassic San Cayetano Group of western, south-central, and possibly southeastern Cuba was derived from a sialic terrane--presumably in Florida, Cuba, and Yucatan. (3) The southern and eastern margins of this continental salient, in Cuba and north of the Dominican Republic, determined the location of the western half of the Late urassic-middle Eocene Greater Antilles orthogeosyncline; the eugeosyncline borders the oceanic-continental crust boundary, whereas the miogeosyncline and associated basins overlie the continental crust beneath northern Cuba and the southern Bahamas. Since the beginning of Early to Middle Jurassic time, Cuba, the Bahamas, and south Florida have subsided 10-11 km. Extensive carbonate and evaporite deposition characterized northern Cuba, all of the Bahamas, and southern Florida for approximately 200 m.y. Although the gross lithologies would suggest the persistence of uniform depositional conditions with few facies changes, lateral and vertical facies changes in the carbonate-evaporite sequence are extensive. Thrusting from the Caribbean Sea during Late Jurassic (or earlier) through middle Eocene time produced large, gentle structures on the site of the present Bahamas which behaved as a foreland platform during the development of the Greater Antilles orthogeosyncline. Adequate reservoir and source rocks, seals, structures, and possi ilities for large stratigraphic traps exist in the Mesozoic and early Tertiary section from northern Cuba to southern Florida, and from the Gulf of Mexico to north of Hispaniola. One of the most attractive prospective areas is the Little Bahama Bank.
Rapid changes of the aftershock P axes 3 years after the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake

Aftershock focal mechanisms of the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu earthquake (Mw=6.9) are analyzed to detect temporal variations in the stress field on the Nojima fault and the Rokko fault system, which ruptured during the mainshock. Following the mainshock, we observe temporal changes in the P axes of aftershocks. Around the Nojima fault, P‐axis orientations of aftershocks which occurred in 1996 and 1997 are almost normal to the fault. In contrast, aftershocks which occurred after 1998 have P axes consistent with the regional stress. Around the central part of the Rokko fault system, P‐axis directions of aftershocks which occurred in 1996 with focal depths less than 10 km are almost normal to the faults. In contrast, aftershocks which occurred after 1997 have P axes consistent with the regional stress. These results indicate that the Nojima fault and the Rokko fault system started to accumulate significant shear stress in mid‐1998, only 3 years after the mainshock.
Comparison of moment measures for sieving and thin-section data in sedimentary petrological studies

ABSTRACT It has been shown that a linear relationship exists for size analysis between the quartile measures of sieving and thin-section data (Friedman, 1958). This study has been extended to moment measures since they are the most suitable statistics for describing the textural characteristics of sedimentary rocks. The present study shows that a linear relationship exists between the mean grain-size for sieving and thin-section analysis. The conversion equation developed previously for converting thin-section quartiles to calculated sieving equivalent quartiles can be applied to mean grain-size. The use of this equation results in a 1:1 relationship for mean grain-size between sieving and thin-section data. Figure 1 of this paper should be employed to obtain sieve-size mean from thin-section mean. For mean deviation and standard deviation, a linear relationship holds between sieving and thin-section analyses. For higher moments (skewness and kurtosis) the correlation between sieving and thin-section data is not very significant. The correlation coefficient r for relating the moment measures of the two types of analysis decreases progressively from mean to mean deviation, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. The conversion equation which is valid for the size parameters is not applicable to mean deviation and standard deviation. For skewness and kurtosis observed and converted thin-section data are exactly the same to three significant digits.
Primary open angle glaucoma due to T377M MYOC : Population mapping of a greek founder mutation in northwestern greece

Background: Mutations in the MYOC gene have been shown to explain 5% of unrelated primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in different populations. In particular, the T377M MYOC mutation has arisen at least three separate times in history, in Great Britain, India, and Greece. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of the mutation among different population groups in the northwestern region of Greece. Materials and methods: We explored the distribution of the “Greek” T377M founder mutation in the Epirus region in Northwestern Greece, which could be its origin. Genotyping was performed in POAG cases and controls by PCR amplification of the MYOC gene, followed by digestion with restriction enzyme. Statistical analyses were performed by an exact test, the Kaplan–Meier method and the t-test. Results: In the isolated Chrysovitsa village in the Pindus Mountains, a large POAG family demonstrated the T377M mutation in 20 of 66 family members while no controls from the Epirus region (n = 124) carried this mutation ( P  0.001). Among other POAG cases from Epirus, 2 out of 14 familial cases and 1 out of 80 sporadic cases showed the mutation ( P = 0.057). The probability of POAG diagnosis with advancing age among mutation carriers was 23% at age 40, and reached 100% at age 75. POAG patients with the T377M mutation were diagnosed at a mean age of 51 years (SD ± 13.9), which is younger than the sporadic or familial POAG cases: 63.1 (SD ± 11) and 66.8 (SD ± 9.8) years, respectively. Conclusions: The T377M mutation was found in high proportion in members of the Chryso-vitsa family (30.3%), in lower proportion in familial POAG cases (14.2%) and seems rare in sporadic POAG cases (1.2%), while no controls (0%) from the Epirus region carried the mutation. Historical and geographical data may explain the distribution of this mutation within Greece and worldwide.
Relationships Among Sea-Floor Structure and Benthic Communities in Long Island Sound at Regional and Benthoscape Scales

Long Island Sound is comprised of a rich and spatially heterogeneous mix of sea-floor environments which provide habitat for an equally diverse set of assemblages of soft-sediment communities. Information from recent research on the geomorphological and chemical attributes of these environments, as well as from studies of the hydrodynamics of the Sound, provide the opportunity to develop a landscape, or "benthoscape" framework for understanding the soft-sediment ecology of this estuary and for guiding future research focusing on structure and function at multiple spatial scales. This contribution reviews past research on benthic communities in Long Island Sound and addresses how they may be shaped by sea-floor characteristics at regional and benthoscape scales. At the regional scale (i.e. the entire Sound), differences in benthic community composition correspond to the distribution of general sedimentary environments. However, significant variation in community structure also occurs at the benthoscape scale (within regions) related to local variations in sediment properties, and physical and biogenic topographic features. Several topical areas in particular need further research in Long Island Sound, including temporal dynamics of benthic communities relative to sea-floor structure and the interaction between the dynamics of benthoscapes and hydrologic seascapes.
Distributional Semantics Still Can’t Account for Affordances

Can we know a word by the company it keeps? Aspects of meaning that concern physical interactions might be particularly difficult to learn from language alone. Glenberg and Robertson (2000) found that although human comprehenders were sensitive to the distinction between afforded and nonaf-forded actions, distributional semantic models were not. We tested whether technological advances have made distributional models more sensitive to affordances by replicating their experiment with modern Neural Language Models (NLMs). We found that only one NLM (GPT-3) was sensitive to the af-fordedness of actions. Moreover, GPT-3 accounted for only one third of the effect of affordedness on human sensibility judgements. These results imply that people use processes that go beyond distributional statistics to understand linguistic expressions, and that NLP systems may need to be augmented with such capabilities.
Increased water use in dry season in eight dipterocarp species in a common plantation in the northern boundary of Asian tropics

The seasonal water use and stand‐level transpiration of the important tropical timber tree family, Dipterocarpaceae, have not been well investigated. Here, we characterized the seasonal water use and stand‐level transpiration of eight, evergreen, dipterocarps in tropical Southwest China in the 2013 wet and dry seasons: six species grown in monoculture and two species in mixture. We estimated stand‐level transpiration using a power model, combining data from 22 trees of all species measured in the two seasons. Despite significant decreases in soil volumetric water content within 1‐m depth, predawn leaf water potentials (> −0.5 MPa) of all trees indicated access of roots to water. Daily sap flux density (SFDd) of all species closely responded to vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Dry season VPD increased by 29%, compared to in wet season, resulting 27–52% increased SFDd in six of the eight species. Whole tree daily water use was scaled with diameter at 1.3 m height for the 22 trees (r2 = 0.91 and 0.93 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). Daily mean stand‐level transpiration ranged from 0.63 to 2.23 mm d−1 (mean = 1.05) and from 1.18 to 2.29 mm d−1 (mean = 1.63) in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Our results reveal conservative water use of dipterocarps and increased transpiration in dry season when a stable soil water source is available. In comparison with introduced fast‐growing timber species, such as Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium, dipterocarp trees and forests consume much less water, making them more suitable as plantation timber crops for the region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of soil parameters in forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium) habitat and their effects on phenology and production

Abstract. Kamsurya MY, Bontari S, Kamaruddin, Hulopi F, Lahabi M, Djumati JL. 2023. Role of soil parameters in forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium) habitat and their effects on phenology and production. Biodiversitas 24: 4910-4918. Forest cloves (Syzygium obtusifolium L.) are a type of non-aromatic clove that originally grew wild and are now starting to be cultivated. This study aimed to examine role of soil chemical and physical parameters in clove plant habitat and their influence on flowering phenology and production. The experiment was carried out on the island of Ambon Maluku, for a duration of 17 months from January 2020 - May 2021. A survey was conducted on forest clove plant cultivated by farmers aged between 10-15, and five observation locations were selected using the purposive sampling method. Soil analysis was performed at the Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin Makassar, while observational data were analyzed using principal component regression analysis (PCRA). The results showed that soil chemical parameters contributed 14.89% to forest clove plant habitat, with the N and Ca content providing the highest contribution of 3.49% and 3.26% respectively. The contribution of physical parameters amounted to 8.09%, with sand particles exhibiting the highest value of 2.43%. Furthermore, PCRA results found that soil chemical parameters influenced the phenology of forest clove flowering by 21.8%. The relationship between the independent variables (X1 to X5) and flowering phenology (Y) had a correlation (R) of 0.47, while the physical parameters exerted an influence reaching 79.4% with an R-value of 0.89. The average production of fresh and dry clove flowers from forest clove plant was 50.3 and 20.1 kg/plant, respectively.
Toward predicting the position of the magnetopause within geosynchronous orbit

Although the average magnetopause is ∼10 R E from the Earth, the magnetopause moves inside the geosynchronous orbit during extreme solar wind conditions. Under these circumstances some geosynchronous satellites suddenly enter the magnetosheath and are exposed to the plasma and fields of the magnetosheath. In this study we evaluate the predictive capabilities of magnetopause location models in forecasting geosynchronous magnetopause crossings. We predict periods during which geosynchronous satellites enter the magnetosheath using the Petrinec and Russell [1996] and Shue et al. [1998] magnetopause location models driven by data from Interplanetary Monitor Platform (IMP) 8. These predictions are then verified with in situ observations from Geosynchronous Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) 5, 6, and 7. We estimate the false alarm rate, probability of detection, and probability of false prediction for the two models. The estimation shows that false alarm rate for a forecast with a 20-min separation cadence is ∼62% (80%) for the Shue et al. [1998] model (the Petrinec and Russell [1996] model). The probability of detection is very high for both prediction models. These results suggest that both models work well in predicting magnetosheath periods for geosynchronous satellites. Predictions from the models provide a prerequisite condition for geosynchronous magnetopause crossings. Further examination of unsuccessful events indicates that preconditioning by the interplanetary magnetic field B z needs to be included in the forecasting procedure for a better forecast. This finding provides us with a guide to improving future magnetopause location models.
A case study of upstream wave transmission to the ground at polar and low latitudes

[1] In this study we analyzed a long-duration ULF wave event detected on 18–19 February 2005 by Cluster satellites, upstream of the nose of the bow shock. The availability of simultaneous data from Geotail satellite, located in the foreshock region close to the dawn flank of the bow shock, allowed us to make a comparison between the observations at the two different sites. The results can be explained in terms of local wave generation, depending on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field with respect to the local bow shock normal. In addition, simultaneous data from Polar satellite in the inner magnetosphere and from ground stations in the southern polar cap and at low latitude allowed us to investigate the transmission of the external waves through the magnetosphere up to the ground. The observations suggest different paths of transmission. Waves generated upstream of the bow shock nose directly transmit near the subsolar point, progressively propagate into the magnetosphere and, after conversion into field-guided Alfven modes, reach the ground at high and low latitudes; waves generated on the flanks of the bow shock do not affect the subsolar magnetosphere, and consequently, there is no propagation along the closed field lines at both high and low latitudes. On the other hand, near the geomagnetic pole, the occurrence of pulsations can be related to the transmission across the magnetopause flanks of upstream waves, anywhere generated, as they are convected downstream by the solar wind; the compressional waves do not propagate deeply into the tail lobes but can couple to Alfven-guided waves along the outermost field lines.
Wavelet analysis of stratospheric gravity wave packets over Macquarie Island 2. Intermittency and mean-flow accelerations

We calculate the mean-flow accelerations due to gravity wave packets observed in the lower stratosphere over Macquarie Island (55°S, 159°E) between February 1994 and April 1995. The parameters of the wave packets were extracted from twice-daily radiosonde soundings using a wavelet-based analysis method introduced by Zink and Vincent [this issue]. The deduced wave parameters are used to directly compute momentum flux profiles in the lower stratosphere, and the shortcomings of this approach to assess mean-flow accelerations are discussed. We then use the observed wave packets as an input spectrum in a linear ray-tracing model. The vertical extent of the detected wave packets allows us to define an expression for wave intermittency, which enables us to compute zonal accelerations in the stratosphere and mesosphere. In the stratosphere the waves produce an acceleration of the mean flow, in accordance with predictions. In the mesosphere the inferred wave drag is 2–3 times larger than previous observational and theoretical estimates.
Estimating global distribution of boreal, temperate, and tropical tree plant functional types using clustering techniques

[1] A simple integrated algorithm was developed to relate global climatology to distributions of tree plant functional types (PFT). Multivariate cluster analysis was performed to analyze the statistical homogeneity of the climate space occupied by individual tree PFTs. Forested regions identified from the satellite-based GLC2000 classification were separated into tropical, temperate, and boreal sub-PFTs for use in the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM). Global data sets of monthly minimum temperature, growing degree days, an index of climatic moisture, and estimated PFT cover fractions were then used as variables in the cluster analysis. The statistical results for individual PFT clusters were found consistent with other global-scale classifications of dominant vegetation. As an improvement of the quantification of the climatic limitations on PFT distributions, the results also demonstrated overlapping of PFT cluster boundaries that reflected vegetation transitions, for example, between tropical and temperate biomes. The resulting global database should provide a better basis for simulating the interaction of climate change and terrestrial ecosystem dynamics using global vegetation models.
Assessment of genetic diversity among sweet potato varieties through RAPD markers in the Southern coastal region of Bangladesh

Abstract. Saimon AH, Sultana S, Mannan MA, Mamun AA. 2023. Assessment of genetic diversity among sweet potato varieties through RAPD markers in the Southern coastal region of Bangladesh. Asian J Agric 7: 116-121. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ) is the sixth most significant food crop. Evaluating this crop's genetic diversity is crucial for food security and preserving agricultural genetic resources. Bangladesh is South Asia's second-largest sweet potato producer, but little is known about the genetic diversity of this crop there. The study aimed to assess the genetic diversity among six sweet potato varieties (Five BARI-released sweet potato varieties: BARI Misty Alu-10, BARI Misty Alu-11, BARI Misty Alu-12, BARI Misty Alu-14, BARI Misty Alu-15, and a local cultivar) using RAPD marker in the Southern coastal region of Bangladesh. Six primers were utilized to determine the polymorphic and monomorphic bands. Data was analyzed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Thirty-seven polymorphic bands were found, with an average of 3 polymorphic and 3.17 monomorphic bands. Primer OPM-02 showed the highest polymorphic bands (6). The results showed that BARI Misty Alu-10 and BARI Misty Alu-15 had the most genetic diversity, at 37%. The average polymorphism percentage was 44.88%. The dendrogram featured two distinct clusters that showed BARI Misty Alu-12, the most distant variety. The clustering pattern corresponded with PCA, demonstrating that BARI Misty Alu-12 had the most genetic variation (81.36%).
Genetic variability and diversity analyses in Electron Beam and Gamma Ray induced mutants for yield attributing traits in Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.)]

An investigation was carried out in Electron Beam and Gamma Ray induced thirty eight Urdbean mutants with two checks to explore the genetic variability and diversity. Based on the overall performance of yield attributing traits, mutants viz . , ACM-014-021, ACM-015-015, ACM-015-011, ACM-015-025, ACM-015-026 and ACM-014-007 were found to be superior and could be used in breeding programme for advancing yield coupled with batter quality. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were recorded towards single plant yield and peduncle length. High heritability along with high genetic advance was noticed for base length, peduncle length, clusters count per plant, pods count per plant and seed yield per plant. The experiment on correlation showed that seed yield per plant recorded high positive correlation with pods count per plant, pod length, clusters count per plant and seeds per pod. Genetic diversity analysis resulted in grouping of forty genotypes viz., 38 mutants and two varieties into two clusters. Cluster I had 16 mutant lines along with VBN (Bg) 4 variety and cluster II had 22 mutant lines along with MDU1 variety. D 2 cluster analysis based on eleven quantitative characters resulted in five groups with cluster V containing maximum of sixteen mutants along with two check varieties followed by clusters I with 15 mutants, cluster IV with three mutants and cluster II and III with two mutants each. The cluster per se performance revealed that cluster III recorded the maximum mean values for branches per plant, clusters, pod numbers per plant, quantity of seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield per plant and plant height. Cluster IV had the highest mean value for base length and pod length. Cluster I had the maximum peduncle length. As the mutants falling between cluster IV and V exhibited maximum inter-cluster distance, selection of parents could be made from these clusters for future breeding program. Forty Urdbean genotypes (thirty eight mutants and two varieties) were evaluated in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications under irrigated condition Madurai, during kharif, 2017. Each genotype was raised in three rows of 2.5 meter length with spacing of 30×10 cm in every replication. Biometric observation on yield contributing traits viz., days taken for 50% flowering, height of the plant (cm), base length (cm), peduncle length (cm), pod length (cm), clusters per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g) and plant yield (g) were recorded.