Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic analysis of the hemp family (Cannabaceae) reveals deep cyto‐nuclear discordance and provides new insights into generic relationships

Cannabaceae are a relatively small family of angiosperms, but they include several species of huge economic and cultural significance: marijuana or hemp (Cannabis sativa) and hops (Humulus lupulus). Previous phylogenetic studies have clarified the most deep relationships in Cannabaceae, but relationships remain ambiguous among several major lineages. Here, we sampled 82 species representing all genera of Cannabaceae and utilized a new dataset of 90 nuclear genes and 82 chloroplast loci from Hyb‐Seq to investigate the phylogenomics of Cannabaceae. Nuclear phylogenetic analyses revealed a robust and consistent backbone for Cannabaceae. We observed nuclear gene‐tree conflict at several deep nodes in inferred species trees, also cyto‐nuclear discordance concerning the relationship between Gironniera and Lozanella and the relationships among Trema s.l. (including Parasponia), Cannabis + Humulus, and Chaetachme + Pteroceltis. Coalescent simulations and network analyses suggest that observed deep cyto‐nuclear discordances were most likely to stem from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS); nuclear gene‐tree conflict might be caused by both ILS and gene flow between species. All genera of Cannabaceae were recovered as monophyletic, except for Celtis, which consisted of two distinct clades: Celtis I (including most Celtis species) and Celtis II (including Celtis gomphophylla and Celtis schippii). We suggest that Celtis II should be recognized as the independent genus Sparrea based on both molecular and morphological evidence. Our work provides the most comprehensive and reliable phylogeny to date for Cannabaceae, enabling further exploration of evolutionary patterns across this family and highlighting the necessity of comparing nuclear with chloroplast data to examine the evolutionary history of plant groups.
Probing the dynamical and X-ray mass proxies of the cluster of galaxies Abell S1101

Context: The galaxy cluster Abell S1101 (S1101 hereafter) deviates significantly from the X-ray luminosity versus velocity dispersion relation (L-sigma) of galaxy clusters in our previous study. Given reliable X-ray luminosity measurement combining XMM-Newton and ROSAT, this could most likely be caused by the bias in the velocity dispersion due to interlopers and low member statistic in the previous sample of member galaxies, which was solely based on 20 galaxy redshifts drawn from the literature. Aims: We intend to increase the galaxy member statistic to perform a precision measurement of the velocity dispersion and dynamical mass of S1101. We aim for a detailed substructure and dynamical state characterization of this cluster, and a comparison of mass estimates derived from (i) the velocity dispersion (M_vir), (ii) the caustic mass computation (M_caustic), and (iii) mass proxies from X-ray observations and the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect. Methods: We carried out new optical spectroscopic observations of the galaxies in this cluster field with VIMOS, obtaining a sample of ~60 member galaxies for S1101. We revised the cluster redshift and velocity dispersion measurements based on this sample and also applied the Dressler-Shectman substructure test. Results: The completeness of cluster members within r200 was significantly improved for this cluster. Tests for dynamical substructure did not show evidence for major disturbances or merging activities in S1101. We find good agreement between the dynamical cluster mass measurements and X-ray mass estimates which confirms the relaxed state of the cluster displayed in the 2D substructure test. The SZ mass proxy is slightly higher than the other estimates. The updated measurement of the velocity dispersion erased the deviation of S1101 in the L-sigma relation.
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN GALAXY MERGERS AND STARBURST: EVIDENCE FROM THE LOCAL UNIVERSE

Major mergers and interactions between gas-rich galaxies with comparable masses are thought to be the main triggers of starburst. In this work, we study, for a large stellar mass range, the interaction rate of the starburst galaxies in the local universe. We focus independently on central and satellite star forming galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Here the starburst galaxies are selected in the star formation rate (SFR) stellar mass plane with SFRs five times larger than the median value found for “star forming” galaxies of the same stellar mass. Through visual inspection of their images together with close companions determined using spectroscopic redshifts, we find that ∼50% of the “starburst” populations show evident merger features, i.e., tidal tails, bridges between galaxies, double cores, and close companions. In contrast, in the control sample we selected from the normal star forming galaxies, only ∼19% of galaxies are associated with evident mergers. The interaction rates may increase by ∼5% for the starburst sample and 2% for the control sample if close companions determined using photometric redshifts are considered. The contrast of the merger rate between the two samples strengthens the hypothesis that mergers and interactions are indeed the main causes of starburst.
Genetic Studies on Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Accessions

Water deficit conditions is considering one of the most important environmental constraints that reduce crop productivity to a large extent and hence the wheat crop. Therefore, the genetic improvement for increasing drought tolerance in wheat is one of the most important strategic challenges in this regard. Because of wheat is considering the artery of food not only for the human race, but also for all living things and this food has been known to man since the dawn of time.Five wheat cultivars and their F1 crosses with different reaction for water stress tolerance were estimated under normal and drought conditions to study the genetic behavior responsible for drought tolerance passed on some genetic parameters obtained from half diallel analysis through studying some yield attributes. Mean performances, heterosis over better-parent, general and specific combining ability effects and drought tolerance indices were the most genetic parameters calculated. The final results revealed that the entries; Sakha 94 and PGH-OR 12, Sakha 94 X Shandweel1, PGH-OR12 X Chah "s"/6/Maya/vul//Cmh 74 a. 630 /4*sxs.16342 and PGH-OR 12 X PFSW 343*2/Tukuru were the best genotypes for water stress tolerance and detected highly values of yield traits and revealed highly significant positively for the previous genetic measurements, respectively. The recent wheat accessions were exhibited highly water stress tolerance under the stress treatment compared to the control experiment through evaluationg all studied traits. The final results also indicated the great genetic value, which was transgressive segrgation of the seven wheat genotypes which gave excellent positive results for drought stress.
Swift X-ray and ultraviolet observations of the shortest orbital period double-degenerate system RX J0806.3+1527 (HM Cnc)

The system RX J0806.3+1527 (HM Cnc) is a pulsating X-ray source with 100 per cent modulation on a period of 321.5 s (5.4 min). This period reflects the orbital motion of a close binary consisting of two interacting white dwarfs. Here we present a series of simultaneous X-ray (0.2–10 keV) and near-ultraviolet (2600 A and 1928 A) observations that were carried out with the Swift satellite. In the near-ultraviolet, the counterpart of RX J0806.3+1527 was detected at flux densities consistent with a blackbody with a temperature of (27 ± 8) × 10 3 K. We found that the emission at 2600 A is modulated at the 321.5-s period with the peak ahead of the X-ray one by 0.28 ± 0.02 cycles and is coincident within ±0.05 cycles with the optical. This phase-shift measurement confirms that the X-ray hot spot (located on the primary white dwarf) is at about 80 ◦ –100 ◦ from the direction that connects the two white dwarfs. Albeit at lower significance, the 321.5-s signature is also present in the 1928-A data; at this wavelength, however, the pulse peak is better aligned with that observed at X-rays. We use the constraints on the source luminosity and the geometry of the emitting regions to discuss the merits and limits of the main models for RX J0806.3+1527.
Energetic constraints on a rapid gamma-ray flare in PKS 1222+216

We study theoretical implications of a rapid very high energy (VHE) flare detected by MAGIC in the flat spectrum radio quasar PKS 1222+216. The minimum distance from the jet origin at which this flare could be produced is 0.5 pc. A moderate Doppler factor of the VHE source, , is allowed by all opacity constraints. The concurrent high-energy (HE) emission observed by Fermi provides estimates of the total jet power and the jet magnetic field strength. Energetic constraints for the VHE flare are extremely tight: for an isotropic particle distribution, they require a huge comoving energy density in the emitting region and a very efficient radiative process. We disfavour hadronic processes due to their low radiative efficiency, as well as the synchrotron scenario recently proposed for the case of HE flares in the Crab nebula, since the parameters needed to overcome the radiative losses are quite extreme. The VHE emission can be explained by the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism for or by the external radiation Compton mechanism involving the infrared radiation of the dusty torus for . After discussing several alternative scenarios, we propose that the extreme energy density constraint can be satisfied when the emission comes from highly anisotropic short-lived bunches of particles formed by the kinetic beaming mechanism in magnetic reconnection sites. By focusing the emitting particles into very narrow beams, this mechanism allows one to relax the causality constraint on the source size, decreasing the required energy density by four orders of magnitude.
Sector-wise analysis for capital structures and managerial behavior in Shariah-compliant and conventional firms of Pakistan

The study provides the empirical analysis about the various business sectors in Pakistan based on conventional and Shariah-compliant approach. The objective of the study is to discover differences and similarities for the determinants of the capital structure and managerial behaviour of the two samples. This research is based on background theories of capital structure i.e. pecking order theory and trade-off theory as well as agency theory to explore the managerial behaviour among sectors. We applied regression analysis OLS, fixed and random effect techniques by using two models. In the first objective, model one represents the leverage model to check the variables/ determinants of capital structure. In the second objective, model two explores the managerial behaviour/ trustworthiness for the decisions about the capital structure of various sectors. The results show that there are some differences as well as similarities in different variables between the funding approach in the capital structure Shariah-compliant and conventional sectors. We observed the different behaviour in the managerial decisions for Shariah-compliant and conventional firms. Majority of Shariah-compliant sectors’ managers seem trustworthy and the conventional sectors’ mangers may tend to self-interest thus, proving our hypothesis. This study may guide different stakeholders as the investors, businesses and policymakers while deciding fund management. The stakeholders can judge the managerial behaviour in different sectors regarding financing according to their preference and level of debt and equity mix to decide accordingly.
Efecto de diferentes concentraciones de potasio en parámetros de calidad en jitomate hidropónico

El manejo de las relaciones ionicas en la solucion nutritiva con la hipotesis de que el potasio puede mejorar la calidad del jitomate, por la influencia de la sintesis de carotenoides de los frutos de jitomate fue el principal proposito de este trabajo. Se realizaron dos experimentos con el hibrido �Gabriela� en un sistema de cultivo sin suelo dentro de un invernadero de tecnologia intermedia. En la etapa vegetativa se aplico una solucion estandar (SS) y en la etapa reproductiva se aplicaron soluciones con diferentes concentraciones de potasio (K) (SR1 (20 % K), SR2 (40 % K), SR3 (60 % K) y SR4 (45 % K)); el porcentaje de potasio se refiere al porcentaje de K respecto del porcentaje total de cationes. Todas las soluciones nutritivas tuvieron una concentracion ionica total de 30 mg L-1 un valor de pH 6.5, y 3 dS m-1 de conductividad electrica aproximadamente. En el primer experimento, se probaron tres tratamientos (SR1, SR2 y SR3) con ocho repeticiones. En el segundo experimento, se utilizaron dos tratamientos (SR2 y SR4) con dieciseis repeticiones. El tratamiento SR4 sobrepaso significativamente a SR2 en todos los parametros de calidad, excepto en s-caroteno y pH para cada uno de los racimos seleccionados (1°, 3°, 5°, 7° y 9°). La concentracion de potasio afecto significativamente la concentracion de sustancias nutraceuticas tales como el licopeno y s-caroteno, mismas que pueden utilizarse como indicadores de la calidad interna del jitomate, como lo demostraron los datos analiticos y de evaluacion sensorial practicada.
Students' perspectives of digital transformation of higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Since the COVID‐19 pandemic prompted numerous global changes, educational institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina were forced to adapt their educational approaches, with schools and universities implementing alternative teaching and learning practices. Thus, this study aimed to investigate students' perspectives on the digital transformation of higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including their preferences for hybrid, online, or face‐to‐face teaching models, their internet habits and readiness for e‐learning, their attitudes and satisfaction with online learning, and their computer anxiety. The research sample consisted of 330 students studying in a variety of fields and academic years at both public and private universities. The data was gathered via an online questionnaire. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed a significant effect of students' field of study, year of study, and university status on their preferences for hybrid, online, and face‐to‐face classes. However, the MANOVA test revealed that the aforementioned factors have an insignificant effect on students' internet habits and readiness for e‐learning, attitudes and satisfaction with online learning, and computer anxiety, all of which have an insignificant impact on student's academic achievement as determined by standard multiple regression analyses. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that students' preferences for hybrid, online, and face‐to‐face classes have a significant influence on their internet habits and readiness for e‐learning, attitudes, and satisfaction with online learning, and computer anxiety. The findings of this study may aid in a better understanding of tertiary education's digital transformation and the improvement of educational policy, curricula, and instructional and learning strategies.
THE DYNAMICS OF MASSIVE STARLESS CORES WITH ALMA

How do stars that are more massive than the Sun form, and thus how is the stellar initial mass function (IMF) established? Such intermediate- and high-mass stars may be born from relatively massive pre-stellar gas cores, which are more massive than the thermal Jeans mass. The turbulent core accretion model invokes such cores as being in approximate virial equilibrium and in approximate pressure equilibrium with their surrounding clump medium. Their internal pressure is provided by a combination of turbulence and magnetic fields. Alternatively, the competitive accretion model requires strongly sub-virial initial conditions that then lead to extensive fragmentation to the thermal Jeans scale, with intermediate- and high-mass stars later forming by competitive Bondi–Hoyle accretion. To test these models, we have identified four prime examples of massive (∼100 M☉) clumps from mid-infrared extinction mapping of infrared dark clouds. Fontani et al. found high deuteration fractions of N2H+ in these objects, which are consistent with them being starless. Here we present ALMA observations of these four clumps that probe the N2D+ (3–2) line at 2. ″3 resolution. We find six N2D+ cores and determine their dynamical state. Their observed velocity dispersions and sizes are broadly consistent with the predictions of the turbulent core model of self-gravitating, magnetized (with Alfvén Mach number mA ∼ 1) and virialized cores that are bounded by the high pressures of their surrounding clumps. However, in the most massive cores, with masses up to ∼60 M☉, our results suggest that moderately enhanced magnetic fields (so that mA ≃ 0.3) may be needed for the structures to be in virial and pressure equilibrium. Magnetically regulated core formation may thus be important in controlling the formation of massive cores, inhibiting their fragmentation, and thus helping to establish the stellar IMF.
Barriers and facilitators to medicine collection through the CCMDD programme at a Durban Hospital

Background South Africa has rekindled health reform efforts through the implementation of the Centralised Chronic Medicine Dispensing and Distribution (CCMDD) programme, as a precursor towards achieving envisioned National Health Insurance (NHI). The CCMDD programme enables stable patients to collect chronic medicines dispensed centrally from designated pick-up-points (PuPs). Barriers and facilitators of chronic medicine collection exist at different levels. Aim To identify barriers and facilitators associated with patients’ characteristics and noncollection of CCMDD patient medicine parcels (PMPs). Setting The study was conducted at a regional public sector hospital which provides support for 19 primary facilities. Methods An observational cross-sectional comparative study was conducted. Results There was no statistically significant difference in collection status in terms of most of the variables compared. Patients who had been on treatment longer or who were receiving multiple items were more likely to collect medication, as were patients with arthritis, HIV and AIDS, but the association was no longer significant after adjusting for other confounders. Patients using internal PuPs were significantly more likely to collect their PMPs than patients using external PuPs, and this may have implications for achieving CCMDD objectives. Conclusion This study has revealed that recently diagnosed patients are enrolled onto the CCMDD programme whilst the chronic condition stability is not yet attained. Patients were also enrolled onto the programme at the referral facility instead of being down-referred. Contribution This study makes a case for evaluation research to further assess the CCMDD programme implementation, in order to improve uptake and cost-effectiveness.
Characterization of electron density of states in laser-superposed channeling regime – CORRIGENDUM

We present low-dimensional functionalization and characterization of electron density of states (DOS) using highly correlated/precisely guided proton beam trajectories and a silicon nanocrystal as a target, representing at a same time a versatile nanolaser technique capable for coherent control of atomic quantum states and for scanning the interior of an atom with resolution comparable to 10% of the Bohr radius.
The universal distribution of halo interlopers in projected phase space. Bias in galaxy cluster concentration and velocity anisotropy

When clusters of galaxies are viewed in projection, one cannot avoid picking up foreground/background interlopers (FBIs), that lie within the virial cone (VC), but outside the virial sphere. Structural & kinematic deprojection equations are not known for an expanding Universe, where the Hubble flow (HF) stretches the line-of-sight (LOS) distribution of velocities. We analyze 93 mock relaxed clusters, built from a cosmological simulation. The stacked mock cluster is well fit by an m=5 Einasto DM density profile (but only out to 1.5 virial radii [r_v]), with velocity anisotropy (VA) close to the Mamon-Lokas model with VA radius equal to that of density slope -2. The surface density of FBIs is nearly flat out to r_v, while their LOS velocity distribution shows a dominant gaussian cluster-outskirts component and a flat field component. This distribution of FBIs in projected phase space is nearly universal in mass. A local k=2.7 sigma velocity cut returns the LOS velocity dispersion profile (LOSVDP) expected from the NFW density and VA profiles measured in 3D. The HF causes a shallower outer LOSVDP that cannot be well matched by the Einasto model for any k. After this velocity cut, FBIs still account for 23% of DM particles within the VC (close to the observed fraction of cluster galaxies lying off the Red Sequence). The best-fit projected NFW/Einasto models underestimate the 3D concentration by 6+/-6% (16+/-7%) after (before) the velocity cut, unless a constant background is included in the fit. Assuming the correct mass profile, the VA profile is well recovered from the measured LOSVDP, with a slight bias towards more radial orbits in the outer regions. These small biases are overshadowed by large cluster-cluster variations caused by cosmic variance. An appendix provides an analytical approximation to the surface density, projected mass and tangential shear profiles of the Einasto model.
Experimental realization of dynamo action: present status and prospects

Abstract In the last decades, the experimental study of dynamo action has made great progress. However, after the dynamo experiments in Karlsruhe and Riga, the von-Kármán-Sodium (VKS) dynamo is only the third facility that has been able to demonstrate fluid flow driven self-generation of magnetic fields in a laboratory experiment. Further progress in the experimental examination of dynamo action is expected from the planned precession driven dynamo experiment that will be designed in the framework of the liquid sodium facility DRESDYN (DREsden Sodium facility for DYNamo and thermohydraulic studies). In this paper, we briefly present numerical models of the VKS dynamo that demonstrate the close relation between the axisymmetric field observed in that experiment and the soft iron material used for the flow driving impellers. We further show recent results of preparatory water experiments and design studies related to the precession dynamo and delineate the scientific prospects for the final set-up.