Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Centralized Clearing Mechanisms in Financial Networks: A Programming Approach

We consider financial networks where agents are linked to each other with financial contracts. A centralized clearing mechanism collects the initial endowments, the liabilities and the division rules of the agents and determines the payments to be made. A division rule specifies how the assets of the agents should be rationed, the four most common ones being the proportional, the priority, the constrained equal awards, and the constrained equal losses division rules. Since payments made depend on payments received, we are looking for solutions to a system of equations. The set of solutions is known to have a lattice structure, leading to the existence of a least and a greatest clearing payment matrix. Previous research has shown how decentralized clearing selects the least clearing payment matrix. We present a centralized approach towards clearing in order to select the greatest clearing payment matrix. To do so, we formulate the determination of the greatest clearing payment matrix as a programming problem. When agents use proportional division rules, this programming problem corresponds to a linear programming problem. We show that for the other common division rules, it can be written as an integer linear programming problem. JEL Abstract We consider ﬁnancial networks where agents are linked to each other with ﬁnancial contracts. A centralized clearing mechanism collects the initial endowments, the liabilities and the division rules of the agents and determines the payments to be made. A division rule speciﬁes how the assets of the agents should be rationed, the four most common ones being the proportional, the priority, the constrained equal awards, and the constrained equal losses division rules. Since payments made depend on payments received, we are looking for solutions to a system of equations. The set of solutions is known to have a lattice structure, leading to the existence of a least and a greatest clearing payment matrix. Previous research has shown how decentralized clearing selects the least clearing payment matrix. We present a centralized approach towards clearing in order to select the greatest clearing payment matrix. To do so, we formulate the determination of the greatest clearing payment matrix as a programming problem. When agents use proportional division rules, this programming problem corresponds to a linear programming problem. We show that for the other common division rules, it can be written as an integer linear programming problem.
Current Gain Stability of SiC Junction Transistors Subjected to Long-Duration DC and Pulsed Current Stress

The current gain stability of a second generation of 1200 V rated SiC Junction Transistors (SJTs) under long-term DC and pulsed current operation is investigated. A 1000-hour long, 200 A/cm2 DC current stress results in a ≈ 10% reduction of the current gain (β) during the early stages of the stress test, while the β is perfectly stable for the remainder (>90%) of the stress duration. The same amount of stress charge applied as a pulsed current in lieu of DC current results in similar extent of β degradation for the Gen-II SJTs. The pulsed current stressing is conducted at frequencies ranging from 50 kHz to 200 kHz, at a fixed duty cycle of 0.5.
Antinociceptive activity of the Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth. ethanolic extract, fractions, and isolated compounds in mice

Abstract Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth. (CE) is native to the Mexico and multiple effects have been observed from several plants belonging to the same family. CE was subjected to extraction with 95% ethanol, and the components were isolated through column chromatography. The structure of the compound was elucidated based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data, electron ionization–mass (EI‐MS) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography–mass (LC‐MS) spectroscopy. In vivo antinociceptive studies were conducted using writhing, 5% formalin, tail‐flick, hot‐plate, and von Frey filament tests. The ethanolic extract showed a significant effect in the acetic acid‐induced pain model and nociceptive behavior in the formalin model (second phase). In hot‐plate test and tail‐flick test, the results showed no difference compared to the control group. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract may act peripherally to reduce pain. In the streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced pain model, the ethanolic extract showed significant effect in the von Frey test model. The n‐Hex (Hexane) and MC (Methylene chloride) fractions and isolated compounds, ellagic acid and agathisflavone, showed increased effect. Based on these results, we confirmed that the CE ethanolic extract and their compounds, ellagic acid and agathisflavone, have antinociceptive effect on diabetes mellitus‐induced pain. Furthermore, the results of this study might be valuable for identifying compounds with antinociceptive activity from natural products.
Increasing Frequency of Anomalous Precipitation Events in Japan Detected by a Deep Learning Autoencoder

The frequency of large‐scale anomalous precipitation events associated with heavy precipitation has been increasing in Japan. However, it is unclear if the increase is due to anthropogenic warming or internal variability. Also, it is challenging to develop an objective methodology to identify anomalous events because of the large variety of anomalous precipitation cases. In this study, we applied a deep learning technique to objectively detect anomalous precipitation events in Japan for both observations and simulations using high‐resolution climate models. The results show that the observed increases in anomalous heavy precipitation events in Western Japan during 1977–2015 were not made only by internal variability but the increases in anthropogenic forcing played an important role. Such events will continue to increase in frequency this century. The increases are attributable to the increasing frequency of tropical cyclones and enhanced frontal rainbands near Japan. These results highlight the mitigation challenge posed by the increasing occurrence of unprecedented precipitation events in the future.
Impact of the Menstrual Cycle Phases on the Movement Patterns of Sub-Elite Women Soccer Players during Competitive Matches

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the menstrual cycle phases on the movement patterns of sub-elite women soccer players during competitive matches over three consecutive seasons. Individual movement data were analyzed and compared in eight players from the second French League at the early follicular (EF), late follicular (LF) and mid-luteal (ML) phases of their menstrual cycle, determined by the calendar method. The movement patterns, expressed as meters per minute, were recorded during competitive matches using devices placed on the player’s ankle. Our results showed significantly lower distances covered at moderate and high velocity in the EF phase than in the LF and ML phases (Cohen’s d effect size = 1.03 and 0.79, respectively). The total distance covered during matches and the number of sprints also were reduced during EF compared with LF (d = 0.78 and 0.7, respectively). Overall, the total distance and distance covered at low velocity were significantly lower during the second half-time of the matches (d = 1.51), but no menstrual cycle phase × game period interaction was noted. In conclusion, our study suggests that EF may impact the movement pattern of sub-elite women soccer players during competitive matches, without any modulation of this effect by the playing time. Despite the low sample size, these results can be useful for coaches and support staff to modulate training loads and player rotation during soccer games.
Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Cancer Screening Behavior: Evidence from Japan

Although Japan has a well-established cancer screening program and has implemented several initiatives to increase screening rates, levels of cancer screening can be further improved. Based on a rational decision-making framework, this study examines the role of financial literacy and financial education, which measure peoples’ knowledge about investment and savings, respectively, in improving cancer screening rates in Japan. The main data were extracted from Osaka University’s Preference Parameters Study for 2011. The dependent variable was the number of cancer screenings while the two main independent variables were financial literacy and financial education. Ordered probit regression models were run to test the association between financial literacy, financial education, and the number of cancer screenings. The results showed a positive relationship between financial education and cancer screening behavior in Japan, while no significant association was observed between financial literacy and screening behavior. Furthermore, according to findings stratified by three age groups, the positive association between financial education and cancer screening behavior was particularly evident in 50- to 59-year-olds, while the effects of other demographic, socioeconomic, and risky health behavior variables were not consistent. It is imperative that implementation of more financial education programs is an effective intervention to encourage cancer screening behavior in Japanese populations.
The Role of Supervision in Resistance Training; an Exploratory Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Since many people choose to perform resistance training unsupervised, and a lack of supervision within strength training is reported to result in inadequate workout quality, we aimed to compare outcomes for resistance training with and without supervision. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed for performance/functional outcomes and/or body composition measurements. Results: 12 studies were included in the review; 301 and 276 participants were in supervised and unsupervised groups, respectively. The main model for all performance/function effects revealed a small, standardised point estimate favouring SUP (0.28 [95%CI = 0.02 to 0.55]). For sub-grouped outcome types, there was very poor precision of robust estimates for speed, power, function, and endurance. However, for strength there was a moderate effect favouring SUP (0.40 [95%CI = 0.06 to 0.74]). The main model for all body composition effects revealed a trivial standardised point estimate favouring SUP (0.07 [95%CI = -0.01 to 0.15]). Conclusions: Supervised resistance training, compared to unsupervised training, might produce a small effect on increases in performance/function, most likely in strength, but has little impact on body composition outcomes.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex sensing analgesia

Chronic pain often has an unknown cause, and many patients with chronic pain learn to accept that their pain is incurable and pharmacologic treatments are only temporarily effective. Complementary and integrative health approaches for pain are thus in high demand. One such approach is soft touch, e.g., adhesion of pyramidal thorn patches in a pain region. The effects of patch adhesion on pain relief have been confirmed in patients with various types of pain. A recent study using near-infrared spectroscopy revealed that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), especially the left side, is likely to be inactivated in patients experiencing pain relief during patch treatment. Mindfulness meditation is another well-known complementary and integrative approach for achieving pain relief. The relation between pain relief due to mindfulness meditation and changes in brain regions, including the DLPFC, has long been examined. In the present review article, we survey the literature describing the effects of the above-mentioned complementary and integrative treatments on pain relief, and outline the important brain regions, including the DLPFC, that are involved in analgesia. We hope that the present article will provide clues to researchers who hope to advance neurosensory treatments for pain relief without medication.
Individual variability in space use near power lines by a long‐lived territorial raptor

Abstract Evaluating species responses to anthropogenic infrastructures and other habitat changes is often used to assess environmental impacts and to guide conservation actions. However, such studies are generally carried out at the population level, disregarding inter‐individual variability. Here, we investigate population‐ and individual‐level responses toward power lines of a territorial raptor, the Bonelli's eagle Aquila fasciata. We used GPS‐PTT tracking data of 17 adult eagles to model space use as a function of distance to transmission and distribution lines, while accounting for other habitat features known to affect this species. At population level, eagles increased the intensity of space use in the proximity of power lines (up to 1,000 m), suggesting an attraction effect. At individual level, some eagles shared the general population attraction pattern, while others showed reduced intensity of space use in the proximity of power lines. These differential responses were unrelated to the sex of individuals, but were affected by the characteristics of the power grid, with a tendency for apparent attraction to be associated with individuals occupying home ranges with a denser network of transmission lines and transmission pylons. However, the study could not rule out the operation of other potentially influential factors, such as individual idiosyncrasies, the spatial distribution of prey availability, and the availability of natural perches and nesting sites. Overall, these results suggest that power lines may drive different behaviors and have differential impacts across individuals, with those attracted to the proximity of power lines potentially facing increased risk of mortality through electrocution and collision, and those avoiding power lines being potentially subject to exclusion effects. More generally, our results reinforce the need to understand individual variability when assessing and mitigating impacts of anthropogenic infrastructures.
Neighborhood socioeconomic status, relative household income, and life satisfaction of Chinese mainland migrants in Hong Kong

This paper examines the life satisfaction of Chinese mainland migrants compared to that of Hong Kong natives, using microdata from the 2011 Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics (HKPSSD) and aggregated neighborhood data from the 2011 Hong Kong Census. We find that Chinese mainland migrants have significantly lower life satisfaction than Hong Kong natives. As neighborhood socioeconomic status rises, life satisfaction increases, yet the positive effect is smaller for Chinese mainland migrants than for Hong Kong natives. Relative household income in the neighborhood is also positively related to life satisfaction, but the effect is larger for Chinese mainland migrants, suggesting that relative status affects life satisfaction much more for Chinese mainland migrants than for Hong Kong natives.
Augmented Reality Users: The Effect of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Customer Experience on Repurchase Intention

E-commerce comes from presenting product catalogs through two-dimensional static images that create limitations for users. Augmented reality features on smartphones have changed online consumer shopping activities. This allows consumers to try various cosmetic product variants virtually anywhere and anytime. Augmented reality is a new technology that provides convenience and experience for customers online to buy cosmetics online and try products without having to remove makeup. This study aims to examine the effect of independent variables on a dependent variable, with mediating variables. The population of this study is users of the virtual product trial feature who have purchased cosmetic products online aged 17–50 years in Indonesia, with a sample of 200 respondents. This research used path analysis, with the results showing that perceived ease of use affects trust, customer experience affects customer satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and customer satisfaction affects repurchase intention. However, trust does not affect repurchase intention. Based on these results, it is recommended that companies that provide product trial features adopt augmented mobile reality to pay attention to the convenience and benefits and improve the quality of the shopping experience.
Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Xylitol in Caries Prevention

Background: Oral xylitol products have been labeled as a caries preventive measure; however, their use is still limited. This study aims to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of xylitol-containing products in dental caries prevention with a focus on dental caries as the primary outcome rather than other pseudo outcomes. Materials and Methods: A structured literature search was conducted to identify the studies related to the efficiency of products containing xylitol for the prevention of caries. The literature search was conducted through the following databases: Medline, PubMed (Central), SCOPUS, Web of Science (WoS), Open Grey, and the Cochrane Library and included papers published between 1966 and March 2020. Fixed- and random-effect models were used to obtain pooled estimates through meta-analysis. Results: Evidence-based results of this study showed that xylitol is easily available in the form of various products, but clinically tested products are few in markets. The literature review has also concluded that the most effective xylitol product in caries prevention was (100%) xylitol, chewed or consumed three to five times per day, after meals with a total dose of 5–10 g of xylitol per day. Products included xylitol-containing lozenges, candies, and chewing gum, foods based on xylitol, and xylitol-containing toothpaste and mouth rinse. Results showed that xylitol-containing products significantly prevented caries compared with the other (control) non-xylitol products. Pooled estimates using the combined fixed and random effects of standardized mean difference were −0.099 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.149, −0.049] and −0.089 (95% CI: −2.04, 0.026), respectively. Conclusion: This review concluded that xylitol should be part of an overall strategy to decrease and prevent dental caries. Dosage and frequency should be considered strictly when prescribing xylitol as a caries preventive measure.
Accessibility to Occupational Therapy Services for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis

This study was designed to investigate the global utilization of occupational therapy (OT) services by patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) in Spain. The main objective was to find out whether these patients have access to OT services and the types of interventions being offered to them, together with their satisfaction and real benefits as users. We developed an online questionnaire which was distributed to patients with ATTRv in Spain through patient associations. Seventy-four patients with a diagnosis of ATTRv residing in Spain participated in the study. Thirteen had already used OT services at least once, felt that OT interventions improved their quality of life, would recommend OT services to others, and would return to see an occupational therapist. However, 61 had never used this type of service before. Of these, 35 knew what OT is and 13 declared that they considered that OT interventions in ATTRv could be positive for them. The results suggest that the use of OT services by ATTRv patients is low, mainly because of the lack of information about the occupational profile of individuals with this disease. The low response rate obtained for the survey limits generalization, and thus further research to confirm these preliminary findings is needed.
Towards Development of a High Abstract Model for Drone Forensic Domain

Drone Forensics (DRF) is one of the subdomains of digital forensics, which aims to capture and analyse the drone’s incidents. It is a diverse, unclear, and complex domain due to various drone field standards, operating systems, and infrastructure-based networks. Several DRF models and frameworks have been designed based on different investigation processes and activities and for the specific drones’ scenarios. These models make the domain more complex and unorganized among domain forensic practitioners. Therefore, there is a lack of a generic model for managing, sharing, and reusing the processes and activities of the DRF domain. This paper aims to develop A Drone Forensic Metamodel (DRFM) for the DRF domain using the metamodeling development process. The metamodeling development process is used for constructing and validating a metamodel and ensuring that the metamodel is complete and consistent. The developed DRFM consists of three main stages: (1) identification stage, (2) acquisition and preservation stage, and (3) examination and data analysis stage. It is used to structure and organize DRF domain knowledge, which facilitates managing, organizing, sharing, and reusing DRF domain knowledge among domain forensic practitioners. That aims to identify, recognize, extract and match different DRF processes, concepts, activities, and tasks from other DRF models in a developed DRFM. Thus, allowing domain practitioners to derive/instantiate solution models easily. The consistency and applicability of the developed DRFM were validated using metamodel transformation (vertical transformation). The results indicated that the developed DRFM is consistent and coherent and enables domain forensic practitioners to instantiate new solution models easily by selecting and combining concept elements (attribute and operations) based on their model requirement.
Inherent optical properties of dissolved and particulate matter in an Arctic fjord (Storfjorden, Svalbard) in early summer

Abstract. There have been considerable efforts to understand the hydrography of Storfjorden (Svalbard). A recurring winter polynya with large sea ice production makes it an important region of dense water formation at the scale of the Arctic Ocean. In addition, this fjord is seasonally influenced by freshwater inputs from sea ice melt and the surrounding islands of the Svalbard archipelago, which impacts the hydrography. However, the understanding of factors controlling the optical properties of the waters in Storfjorden are lacking and are crucial for the development of more accurate regional bio-optical models. Here, we present results from the first detailed optical field survey of Storfjorden conducted in early summer of 2020. Our observations are based on spectrometric analysis of water samples and in situ vertical profiles with an absorption and attenuation meter, a fluorometer, and a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensor. In addition to the expected seasonal contribution from phytoplankton, we find that in early summer waters in Storfjorden are optically complex with a significant contribution from coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM, 33 %–64 % of the non-water absorption at 443 nm) despite relatively low CDOM concentrations and in the nearshore or near the seabed from non-algal particles (up to 61 % of the non-water absorption at 550 nm). In surface waters, the spatial variability of light attenuation was mainly controlled by inorganic suspended matter originating from river runoff. A distinct subsurface maximum of light attenuation was largely driven by a subsurface phytoplankton bloom, controlled by stratification resulting from sea ice melt. Lastly, the cold dense bottom waters of Storfjorden from winter sea ice production periodically overflows the sill at the mouth of the fjord and can thus reach the Fram Strait. It contained elevated levels of both non-algal particles and dissolved organic matter, which are likely caused by the dense flows of the nepheloid layer interacting with the sea bed.