Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long Run Impacts of Income Shocks: Wine and Phylloxera in 19th Century France

This paper provides estimates of the long-term effects on height and health of a large income shock experienced in early childhood. Phylloxera, an insect that attacks the roots of grape vines, destroyed 40% of French vineyards between 1863 and 1890, causing major income losses among wine growing families. Because the insects spread slowly from the southern coast of France to the rest of the country, Phylloxera affected different regions in different years. We exploit the regional variation in the timing of this shock to identify its effects. We examine the effects on the adult height, health, and life expectancy of children born in the years and regions affected by the Phylloxera. The shock decreased long run height, but it did not affect other dimensions of health, including life expectancy. We find that, at age 20, those born in affected regions were about 1.8 millimetres shorter than others. This estimate implies that children of wine-growing families born when the vines were affected in their regions were 0.6 to 0.9 centimetres shorter than others by age 20. This is a significant effect since average heights grew by only 2 centimetres in the entire 19th century. However, we find no other effect on health, including infant mortality, life expectancy, and morbidity by age 20.
Model Calibration with Multiple Targets: A Case Study

Multiple calibration targets were used to calibrate a two‐dimensional finite‐difference model of a ground water lake system. The calibration targets included (1) steady‐state head data, (2) transient head data, (3) head gradients, and (4) flowpath information. Because calibration was sensitive to the ratio of horizontal to vertical hydraulic conductivity, four models, each with different assumptions about anisotropy, were developed. All four models produced acceptable calibration to either heads or flowpath, but only one model was well calibrated to all targets. In that model, stratification of the upper aquifer was represented by introducing several dipping layers of low permeability. This allowed the use of a small ratio of horizontal to vertical anisotropy for individual layers but produced a large effective anisotropy for the upper aquifer as a whole.
Dating degassed groundwater with 3H/3He

The production of gases in groundwater under contaminated locations by geochemical and biological processes is not uncommon. Degassing of these gases from groundwater and repartitioning of noble gases between water and gas phase distorts groundwater dating by 3H/3He. We observed noble gas concentrations below atmospheric equilibrium in 20 out of 34 groundwater samples from agriculturally polluted sandy areas in the Netherlands. From the absence of nitrate in degassed samples, we conclude that denitrification causes degassing. The 22Ne/20Ne ratios show that degassing had attained solubility equilibrium and had not caused isotopic fractionation by diffusion. To correct for the loss of tritiogenic 3He due to degassing, we present a single‐step equilibrium degassing model. We use the total dissolved gas pressure at the monitoring screen to estimate the depth and timing of degassing, which is essential to estimate travel times from degassed samples. By propagating the uncertainties in the underlying measurements and assumptions through the travel time calculations, we found a travel time uncertainty of 3 years (a). We therefore conclude that 3H/3He dating can produce valuable information on groundwater flow even at sites with strong degassing.
Developing a marine conservation program in temperate Australia: determining priorities for action

The temperate seascapes of southern Australia have, until recently, received less conservation attention than the country's tropical waters. Here, we describe the results of an expert elicitation aimed at identifying gaps and opportunities in marine conservation for temperate waters. The process highlighted the need for focusing conservation attention on temperate bays, estuaries and inlets. The subsequent development of the Great Southern Seascapes program by The Nature Conservancy is aimed at beginning to address this need. The program focuses on the following actions for temperate Australian bays, estuaries and inlets: (a) increased protection, (b) ‘in the water’ restoration, (c) initiatives to address sea-level rise, (d) improved management and increased stakeholder involvement, (e) science and monitoring, and (f) community, government, and corporate engagement and funding. Actions taken to date, including commencing Australia's first ever oyster reef restoration project, and future directions, are outlined.
A numerical modeling study to investigate the assumptions used in the calculation of probable maximum precipitation

A numerical model of the atmosphere has been employed to evaluate the assumptions used in the simple two‐parameter model that is utilized for many probable maximum precipitation (PMP) calculations. These assumptions are (1) the precipitation is linearly related to the precipitable water; (2) the precipitation efficiency of the storm does not change as the moisture available to the storm increases; and (3) terrain modulates the distribution of the precipitation but does not affect the synoptic‐scale dynamics of the storm. A single case study is used to illustrate the techniques employed and to describe the results that were common to four case studies. We show that long‐lived, moderate rainfall processes are important contributors to the total precipitation produced by the storm. Increases in the moisture availability result in the heavy rainfall beginning earlier, lasting longer, and being more continuous. As the moisture availability changes, the spatial distribution of the area over which more than 50% of the total rainfall falls as heavy rainfall changes. As the moisture availability is increased, the precipitation efficiency of the storm does not change significantly. Terrain effects are shown to have an effect on the amount of rainfall that occurs over the higher terrain as well as on the distribution of the rainfall due to the “convergence component” of the storm. Despite these deficiencies in the assumptions used to estimate PMP, improvements in the estimation of PMP may soon be possible if increased effort is placed on (amongst other things) the numerical modeling of extreme rainfall events. These improvements are only possible if the results of these efforts are communicated to the hydrological community.
New Applications of Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Novel Sample Matrices in the Forensic Sciences: A Literature Review

The investigation of novel sample matrices in the forensic sciences offers several possible advantages, such as allowing for results to be obtained in cases where common sample types are absent. This review focuses on the application of gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the determination of drugs in alternative sample matrices, including hair, sweat, meconium, breast milk, and vitreous humour. Less common sample types are also reported including air, cerumen, insects, and their larvae and pupae. The application of pyrolysis GC-MS (Py GC-MS) is also reviewed, showing the possibility of determining high molecular weight drugs which would commonly be unattainable by GC-MS. The application of Py GC-MS for the simulation and investigation of the underlying chemistry and the products formed in the smoking of drugs is also reported.
Detection of ionospheric perturbations using a dense GPS array in Southern California

We present observations of high‐frequency ionospheric perturbations detected using Global Positioning System (GPS) data from the Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN), a densely spaced GPS array of about 250 stations centered on the Los Angeles area. We show examples of perturbations with 3–10 minute periods that may result from coupling between the ionosphere and neutral gravity waves generated in the lower atmosphere. Although the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the perturbations is relatively small, we show how multi‐station array processing techniques can take advantage of the high spatial density of the measurements and the coherence of the signal over a region the size of the SCIGN to considerably improve the detection capability.
Pengaruh Kualitas Sistem, Kualitas Informasi, Kualitas Pelayanan Rail Ticketing System (RTS) Terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna (Studi Empiris Pada PT. KERETA API INDONESIA (PERSERO) DAOP 9 JEMBER)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kualitas sistem, kualitas informasi, serta kualitas pelayanan Rail Ticketing System (RTS) pada kepuasan penguna (studi empiris pada PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Daop 9 Jember). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuesioner dan wawancara dalam memperoleh data dan informasi untuk dianalisis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengguna (pelanggan) yang melakukan pembelian tiket melalui sistem online RTS di PT. KAI (Persero) Daop 9 Jember. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Kriteria yang digunakan adalah pengguna yang melakukan pembelian tiket secara online atau menggunakan Rail Ticketing System sendiri tanpa melalui perantara seperti indomart dan lain-lain serta data yang digunakan berdasarkan periode atau waktu pelaksanaan penelitian (± 2 bulan). Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yang memenuhi kriteria adalah sebanyak 80 reponden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Uji F untuk menguji kelayakan model dan Uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui signifikansi dari pengaruh variabel independen secara parsial terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kualitas sistem berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kepuasan pengguna, variabel kualitas informasi berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kepuasan pengguna, dan variabel kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kepuasan pengguna.
Iron control of past productivity in the coastal upwelling system off the Atacama Desert, Chile

[1] Biogenic opal and organic carbon vertical rain rates in sediment cores reveal a strong cyclicity in the productivity of the upwelling system off presently arid northern Chile during the last 100,000 years. Changes in productivity are found to be in phase with the precessional cycle (∼20,000 years) and with inputs of iron from the continent. During austral summer insolation maxima, increased precipitation and river runoff in the region appear to have brought high inputs of iron, mainly from the Andes, to the coastal ocean enhancing primary productivity there. We interpret our results as providing evidence for iron control of past productivity in this upwelling system and for a tight link between productivity and orbital forcing at midlatitudes.
“The ideology becomes a way to make sense of that disconnection”: Beliefs, behaviour and belonging – does ideology matter in countering violent extremism?

ABSTRACT The role of ideology in driving radicalisation to violent extremism is a more multifaceted and contested question than it may at first appear. While various explanatory models of radicalisation do suggest that ideology is an important precursor to the use of violence, other research has warned of various potential risks associated with focusing on the ideas in an individual’s mind, rather than the actions they carry out. This article engages with such complexities regarding the issue of ideology, drawing from interviews with twelve Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) practitioners based in various states and territories of Australia. Our focus is on their conceptual insights and working practices regarding the role of ideology in radicalisation to violent extremism, placing these in the context of existing literature, debates and other front-line experiences to explore whether, and in what ways, ideology matters for CVE efforts.
Contrasting controls on convection at latitude zones near and away from the equator for the Indian summer monsoon

Understanding controls on convection on various timescales is crucial for improved monsoon rainfall forecasting. Although the literature points to vertically homogeneous vorticity signatures preceding rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon, we show using reanalysis data that, for rainfall associated with northward propagating intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs), different controls are present at different latitude zones. For the latitude zone close to the equator (5∘N–14∘N) and including the southern Indian region, a conventional dynamical control on rainfall exists with barotropic vorticity leading ISO rainfall by about five days. In contrast, for the latitude zone away from the equator (15∘N–24∘N; covering the central Indian region), thermodynamic fields control ISO rainfall, with barotropic vorticity following rainfall by two days on average. Over central India, the pre-moistening of the boundary layer (BL) yields maximum moist static energy (MSE) about four days prior to ISO rainfall. Analyzing the statistics of individual events verifies these observations. Similar thermodynamic control is also present for the large-scale extreme rainfall events (LEREs) occurring over central India. These high rainfall events are preceded by positive MSE anomalies arising from the moisture preconditioning of the BL. The resulting convection then leads to a maximum in barotropic vorticity 12 h after the rainfall maximum. Characterizing these influences on convection occurring over various timescales can help identify the dominant mechanisms that govern monsoon convection. This can help reduce climate model biases in simulating Indian monsoon rainfall.
Diagnostic assessment of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in relation to dimethyl arginine levels in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Background In veterinary medicine, previous studies regarding the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not consistent with each other. Moreover, there has been no study evaluating the relationship between symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) concentration and renal shear wave velocity (SWV) using two-dimensional SWE (2D SWE) in dogs with CKD. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of 2D SWE in dogs with CKD and to assess the relationship between renal SWV and SDMA concentration. Methods Dogs with healthy kidneys and dogs with CKD underwent 2D SWE and SDMA assay. Renal stiffness was estimated as renal SWV in m/s. Results SDMA concentration had a weak positive correlation with the left (r = 0.338, p = 0.022) and right renal SWV (r = 0.337, p = 0.044). Renal SWV was not significantly different between healthy kidney and CKD groups in the left (p = 0.085) and right (p = 0.171) kidneys. Conclusions 2D SWE may could not distinguish between dogs with healthy kidney and dogs with early stage of CKD, but it would be useful for assessing the serial change of renal function in dogs.
Cytomorphology of skin adnexal tumors and its correlation with histopathology in a tertiary care center

Objectives: Even though fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be successfully used for describing the cytomorphology of skin adnexal tumors and can help in identification of them as benign or malignant, histopathology remains the gold standard in confirmation of diagnosis. Skin adnexal tumors are a large and diverse group and are relatively less commonly encountered in routine practice; hence, knowledge of cytological features of these lesions is crucial for their appropriate management. The present study aims to evaluate the cytomorphological features of skin adnexal tumors on FNAC smears and their correlation with the histopathology. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of FNAC of 60 cases of subcutaneous and dermal swellings over a period of 4 years from August 2018 to August 2022 in a tertiary care center. Results: In the 60 cases of skin adnexal tumors evaluated, most cases were within the 2nd to 4th decade with male predominance. The FNA smears were helpful in picking up the nature of skin adnexal tumors, as in our case series, malignant lesions were 8.3% and benign were 91.7%. Majority adnexal lesions were of follicular or sebaceous differentiation. Histological diagnosis was available in 38 cases. Cytological diagnosis in 34 cases was concordant with histopathology. There was discrepancy observed in two cases which were reported as benign skin adnexal tumor but later turned out to be sebaceous carcinoma on histopathology. Conclusion: Even though histopathology being the gold standard for confirmation of diagnosis, in the current era of minimally invasive procedures, FNAC stands out as a valuable modality and can be a promising alternative to diagnose skin adnexal tumors and understand their cytomorphology as the data are limited about it.
Bioactive Functions of Lipids in the Milk Fat Globule Membrane: A Comprehensive Review

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a complex tri-layer membrane that wraps droplets of lipids in milk. In recent years, it has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent bioactive functions and nutritional value. MFGM contains a diverse array of bioactive lipids, including cholesterol, phospholipids, and sphingolipids, which play pivotal roles in mediating the bioactivity of the MFGM. We sequentially summarize the main lipid types in the MFGM in this comprehensive review and outline the characterization methods used to employ them. In this comprehensive review, we sequentially describe the types of major lipids found in the MFGM and outline the characterization methods employed to study them. Additionally, we compare the structural disparities among glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and gangliosides, while introducing the formation of lipid rafts facilitated by cholesterol. The focus of this review revolves around an extensive evaluation of the current research on lipid isolates from the MFGM, as well as products containing MFGM lipids, with respect to their impact on human health. Notably, we emphasize the clinical trials encompassing a large number of participants. The summarized bioactive functions of MFGM lipids encompass the regulation of human growth and development, influence on intestinal health, inhibition of cholesterol absorption, enhancement of exercise capacity, and anticancer effects. By offering a comprehensive overview, the aim of this review is to provide valuable insights into the diverse biologically active functions exhibited by lipids in the MFGM.
Isolation and Identification of Mold Contaminants in Peanut Paste from the Cengkareng Market of West Jakarta

The filamentous molds associated with peanut paste produce biochemicals known as mycotoxins. The major mycotoxins are aflatoxins produced by molds from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. Mold contaminants can be occurred due to poor hygiene storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of molds in peanut paste sold at the Cengkareng market in order to assist people in being attentive to the storage conditions of peanut paste. Samples were collected randomly with a total of 15 packages of peanut paste from Cengkareng market, West Jakarta, Indonesia. Potato Dextrose Agar was used for the isolation and identification of molds. The molds were observed based on the morphological features through macroscopic and microscopic examination. The frequencies of 15 samples contaminated with molds were computed on a percentage. From the observed morphological features and colony colour of molds, those were A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium sp, and Mucor sp. This research also revealed that of the 15 samples identified, A. niger and A. flavus, 40% respectively. Other species Penicillium sp. 27% and Mucor sp. 13% were the least common. Therefore, this study confirmed that Aspergillus is the highest risk of contaminating peanut paste compared to other genera, which can cause a health problem for humans.
Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Bioactive Compounds in the Context of the Prevention of Diet-Related Diseases

Diet-related diseases are health conditions primary caused by poor nutrition. These diseases encompass obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer. Functional foods and nutraceuticals offer a promising dietary approach to addressing diet-related diseases across various clinical contexts. The bioactive compounds found in these foods are the subject of intensive studies aimed at discovering their anti-hyperglycemic effects, which are beneficial in alleviating chronic diseases and protecting human health. Hyperglycemia is a common risk factor for metabolic disease and mortality worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemic states can lead to many long-term complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. This review explores the potential anti-hyperglycemic effects of bioactive compounds, specifically flavonoids and phenolic acids, and their proposed roles in mitigating chronic diseases and promoting human health. By thoroughly examining the existing literature, we investigated the potential anti-hyperglycemic effects of these bioactive compounds and their proposed roles in managing chronic diseases. The goal of this paper was to enhance our comprehension of how these compounds modulate glucose transporters, with the ultimate aim of identifying effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of diet-related diseases. Overall, this review investigated the use of bioactive compounds from functional foods as potential inhibitors of glucose transporters in the context of prevention/treatment of diet-related diseases.
The Role of Prophylactic and Adjuvant Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Prevention of Peritoneal Metastases in Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a locoregional therapy that may be combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) to treat patients with colorectal cancer and peritoneal metastases (PM). In recent years, three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the role of prophylactic or adjuvant HIPEC in preventing the development of PM in patients with high-risk colorectal cancer: PROPHYLOCHIP and COLOPEC evaluated adjuvant HIPEC, and HIPECT4 studied concurrent HIPEC and CRS. Although PROPHYLOCHIP and COLOPEC were negative trials, a great deal may be learned from their methodology, outcome measures, and patient selection criteria. HIPECT4 is the first RCT to show a clinical benefit of HIPEC in high-risk T4 colorectal cancer, demonstrating improved locoregional disease control with the addition of HIPEC to CRS with no increase in the rate of complications. This review critically examines the strengths and limitations of each major trial and discusses their potential impact on the practice of HIPEC. Several additional ongoing clinical trials also seek to investigate the role of HIPEC in preventing PM in advanced colorectal cancer.
Estimation of mass transfer terms in the lycopene recovery employing Moringa oleifera Lam oil as solvent

The aim of this work was to assess the terms associated with mass transfer in the lycopene recovery from the waste of a tomato canning plant. Moringa oleifera Lam oil was employed as solvent. An ultrasonic extraction was carried out on skin and seeds. The operational variables were temperature (skin: 45, 60, 75, 90 ºC; seed: 45, 60, 75 ºC), matrix/solvent ratio (m/v) (1:20, 1:25, 1:30), particle size (skin: < 1, 1-2, > 3.15 mm; seed: < 1, 1-2, > 2 mm) and extract separation method (filtration and centrifugation). Kinetic constant, lycopene concentration on the solid surface, volumetric coefficient of mass transfer and effective diffusivity were determined. The more the kinetic constant increased, the higher the volumetric coefficient of mass transfer was. Effective diffusivity increased with temperature. Activation energy values suggest a possible deterioration of lycopene at temperatures higher than the optimum. The use of M. oleifera oil as solvent should increase the biological value of the lycopene extracts.