Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factor V Leiden and The Risk of Pulmonary Embolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease which is an under-appreciated contributor to the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Previously pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were regarded as a single disease entity and still today, public awareness of DVT and PE remains comparatively low. But after recognition of genetic factors, such as Factor V Leiden (FVL), the concept has been changing. More studies are going on to observe the correlation between the genetic factors, such as FVL and PE. Although there is some biasness regarding the concept of factors associated with the PE, the role of possible genetic factors (FVL) remains the main priority in our review.
The conversion

A short story about a Baha'i family which first appeared in an underground paper in Iran There are about 300,000 members of the Baha'i religion living in Iran. It is the only religious minority not recognised by the Iranian Constitution. Since the revolution of February 1979, 141 Baha'is have been reported executed, and another 200 are in prison without having been charged. Between 5,000 and 10,000 Baha'is are thought to have left the country. Baha'is are usually charged with ‘Zionism’ and espionage on behalf of Israel, apparently simply because their world headquarters are in Israel. The ruling Mullahs are also infuriated by the Baha'i belief that the teachings of most of the world's great prophets - including Muhammad – are only relevant for a certain time and that their revelations ‘progress’ from one era to another. Baha'i property has been confiscated and the Baha'is themselves are subject to laws which effectively prevent them from holding employment. Recanting their faith and converting to Shia Islam is the only way they can escape persecution. According to a recent report (The Times, 29 July), 22 prominent Baha'is were arrested in Iran following the executions in June of 17 members of the faith, including several women. The following short story appeared in Spring 1982 in Nowbahar, an underground paper, where it was entitled ‘The day light came to our house’ and signed ‘Bahereh’, which means ‘The one who has seen the light’. The ‘Komiteh’ referred to in the first paragraph is the ‘Imam Committee’, i.e. the political police set up after the revolution in 1979.
Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls: Interactions of dechlorinating microorganisms with methanogens and sulfate reducers

The potential role of methanogens and sulfate reducers in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination was investigated using the specific inhibitors 2‐bromoethanesulfonate for methanogens and molybdate for sulfate reducers and the most probable number technique. Sediments were spiked with Aroclor® 1248 (300 μg/g). The inhibition of sulfate reducers did not have any effect on Aroclor 1248 dechlorination or on the size of dechlorinating populations, which indicates that they were not directly involved. On the other hand, the inhibition of methanogens reduced the rate and extent of dechlorination but did not affect the size of dechlorinating populations. These results indicate that there are at least two different dechlorinating populations—one of which requires the presence of methanogens for dechlorination and the other of which can dechlorinate independently. In the absence of methanogenesis, meta‐substituted congeners, such as 25‐2′5′‐, 23‐2′5′‐, and 25‐2′‐chlorobiphenyls, were not dechlorinated. When both inhibitors were added, there was no dechlorination or growth of dechlorinating microorganisms, probably because of the growth inhibition by the high redox potential stemming from the absence of the two major respirators or because of the combined effects of inhibitors themselves.
Desempenho de híbridos de tomate de crescimento indeterminado em função de sistemas de condução de plantas

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of training and of two staking systems for plants on yield potential and its components of tomato hybrids of the Salad Extended Shelf Life and Santa Cruz types of indeterminate growth, aiming in natura market. In this experiment we adopted the randomized block design with the treatments in a 5x2 factorial scheme, and four replications, evaluating three Salad Extended Shelf Life hybrids ('Alambra', 'Paron' and 'Forty') and two Santa Cruz hybrids ('Debora Pto' and 'Ellus') in two plant training systems. The experiments were carried out in Itatiba, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, from July 2007 to January 2008. All plants of each plot were considered and were evaluated, for both segments, total yield, marketable yield, production per plant, average fruit weight, total number of fruits, number of marketable fruits, number of marketable fruits classified into '3A', '2A' and '1A' classes, number of fruits with blotchy appearance and open locules with exposed seed. There was no interaction between cultivar and plant training system for most characteristics evaluated, except for total number of fruits, number of marketable fruits and number of marketable fruit of '2A'class. The training system with one stem per plant and supported by polypropylene ribbon increased average fruit weight and the number of marketable fruits of '3A' class and reduced the number of marketable fruits of '1A' class, without reducing the total and marketable yields compared to the traditional training method (bamboo stakes with two stems per plant).
Seasonal and diel movements of giant trevally Caranx ignobilis at remote Hawaiian atolls : implications for the design of Marine protected areas

We need to understand the long-term movement patterns of coral reef top predators in order to design marine protected areas that will provide these animals with effective, long-term pro- tection. We used acoustic telemetry to quantify the movements of giant trevally, a large coral reef top predator, at 5 atolls in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument. We did not observe any inter-atoll movements but found that giant trevally were attached to core activity areas from which they made periodic atoll-wide excursions of up to 29 km. Within the core areas, the tagged fish exhibited diel habitat shifts. We identified Rapture Reef at French Frigate Shoals (FFS) atoll as a spawning site, where giant trevally form seasonal mating aggregations. Giant trevally that use Rapture Reef as their core daytime area live there year-round, whereas those that occupy other areas of FFS migrate to Rapture Reef in the summertime during specific phases of the moon. Although giant trevally were wide-ranging and would require large marine protected areas (e.g. entire atolls or islands) to protect their entire range, core activity areas and spawning sites for giant trevally could be contained within relatively small marine protected areas. Identification of spawning sites could assist in the establishment of focused marine protected areas that, while quite small in size, could have significant impact in preserving the spawning biomass of this species. Very large marine protected areas are not feasible in most heavily populated areas, hence effective alternative management strategies must be found for this fishery-targeted, wide-ranging top predator. We sug- gest using a combination of relatively small marine protected areas, to protect core activity areas and spawning sites for giant trevally, and conventional measures such as minimum size or 'slot' limits to further safeguard spawning stocks.
Genetic diversity among Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and related species using morphological traits and RAPD markers

Genetic diversity within Salvia is the key to the genetic improvement of the medicine plantSalvia miltiorrhiza. In the current study, morphological and molecular characteristics were studied in 18 taxa of Salvia. A coefficient of variation was based on 18 morphological traits ranging from 17.56 to 115.04%. Among 70 random primers examined, 27 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers produced 248 extending and repeatable bands, of which 207 bands (83.47%) were polymorphic. All of the data revealed abundant genetic diversity in the genus of Salvia. 18 taxa were clustered into five groups based on the morphological markers or four groups based on RAPD markers. The results showed that there was slighter genetic diversity and narrower genetic backgrounds at the intra-specific level, and that we can easily distinguish S. miltiorrhiza from the rest of Salvia species by two ways. The differences of the two dendrograms might be introduced by many reasons, such as the gene expression, environment, and gene introgressions. However, Mantel’s test indicated correction (r = 0.483) of morphological traits and RAPD markers. Key words: Cluster analysis, genetic diversity, morphological, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Salvia.
Thai Students' Experiences of Online Learning at Indonesian Universities in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The present interview study reports on eight Thai undergraduate students’ experiences of online learning at three different Indonesian universities based in East Java, Indonesia. Semi-structured interviewing was designed based on the sociocultural framework proposed by Ma (2017) to elucidate the students’ voices of online learning experience. The data garnered from online interviewing were transcribed and interpreted using thematic content analysis. The study elicits three important data themes: the agility of the student participants to adapt online learning to suit their learning needs, the participants’ strategies to build learning autonomy, and the participants’ ability to sustain their learning motivation. This study stresses the important roles of such other agents as teachers, parents, and friends in providing international students with mental and emotional support to help them get through COVID-19 affected online learning.
A wet season survey of animal trypanosomosis in Shongom local government area of Gombe state. Nigeria.

Two hundred and three (203) blood samples were collected from randomly selected herd comprising; cattle, 68 (33.5%), sheep 57 (28.1%), goats 16 (7.9%), donkey, 3 (1.5%) and pigs 59 (29.1%) respectively. The blood samples were collected from animals and examined in seven villages from two districts (Filiya and Lapan) of Shongom Local Government Area. These total numbers of 203 comprises 47 (23.2%) males and 156 (76.8%) females. From the males, 15 (31.9%) were cattle, 11 (23.4%) sheep, 5 (10.6%) goats, 0 (0.0%) donkey and 16 (34.0%) boar while the females consist of 53 (34.0%) cattle, 46 (29.5%) sheep, 11 (7.1%) goats, 3 (1.9%) donkeys and 43 (27.6%) sow. The blood samples from these animals were analysed using a combination of thin and thick blood films and concentration methods. Eleven (5.42%) were found to be positive for hemoparasites. These comprise. Trypanosoma vivax 1 (9.1%), Microfilariae 1 (9.1%), Babesia 8 (72.7%) and 1 (9.1%) Anaplasma. The average packed cell volume (PCV) for infected and non infected males were 33.1 3.3 and 33.4 1.5 while that of females 31.5 5.1 and 31.9 0.8 respectively. Babesia spp were find to be higher in prevalence 8 (72.7%) while T. vivax, Microfilariae and Anaplasma accounts for least occurrence 1 (9.1%) each. This indicates high prevalence rate of ticks (vector of babesiosis) and absence of Glossina spp biological transmitters of zoonotic trypanosomiasis in the study area.
Star dunes

Star dunes, characterized by their large size, pyramidal morphology and radiating sinuous arms are a distinctive dune type. They have been described from many sand seas, under a variety of names. Star dunes are known as demkhas, ghourds, rhourds or oghrouds in Saharan sand seas (Aufrere, 1935; Capot-Rey, 1945; 1953; Alimen et al., 1958; Mainguet and Callot, 1978; Wilson, 1972). Other terms which have been applied to star-like dunes include sand mountains (Cooke and Warren, 1973), sand massifs (Bagnold, 1951), pyramidal dunes (Holm, 1960) and stellate dunes (Glennie, 1970). Star dunes are the largest aeolian bedforms in many sand seas and may reach heights of more than 300 m. They contain a greater volume of sand than any other dune type (Wasson and Hyde, 1983) and appear to occur in areas which represent depositional centres in many sand seas (Mainguet and Callot, 1978; Lancaster, 1983; Brookfield, 1984). Although a large amount of information on star and star-like dunes is scattered throughout the literature on deserts and dunes, little is known about this dune type other than its general characteristics. Relatively little has been published to date about star dune dynamics and morphology, or the environments in which these dunes form. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the characteristics and environments of star dunes, and to put forward new models for the formation of this dune type.
Knowledge Management, Diversity, and Professional Hierarchies in Libraries

Abstract The structure and culture of libraries present distinct challenges for promoting knowledge sharing among staff. Existing knowledge management literature is largely focused on for-profit businesses, overlooking issues found in public institutions. This article summarizes some key organizational culture theories and related obstacles to successful knowledge management and highlights how the departmental design and staffing of many libraries inadvertently reinforces these problems. The concerns discussed include insufficient diversity in decision making, the stratification of knowledge along professional lines, and entrenched personal and group identities. Some practical solutions are offered, along with suggestions for future areas of research.
Physiological Response to Salinity and Alkalinity of Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance Grown in Field Lysimeters

Soil salinity and alkalinity seriously threaten rice production in south Asia. Improving screening methodologies to identify sources of tolerance for improved breeding for salt tolerant rice is of continuing importance. Rice genotypes of varying salt tolerance, such as tolerant (T), semi-tolerant (ST), and sensitive (S), were grown in field lysimeters in saline soil of EC e 4 and 8 mS cm -1 and alkali soil of pH 9.5 and 9.8 in North India and analyzed for chlorophyll (Chl), sugar, starch and proline in leaves. Chlorophyll a and b decreased due to salinity in all the tolerance groups. However, Chl a was not much affected but chl b increased with alkalinity. Under high stress both at EC e 8 and pH 9.8 Chl a and b were more in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes. The ratio of Chl a/b was similar in T, ST and S genotypes under salinity stress. Sugar accumulation was higher in T compared to S under normal conditions but under salinity or alkalinity stress the differences were not significant. Leaf starch was highest in T, intermediate in ST and lowest in S genotypes in normal as well as under salinity and alkalinity stress. There was decrease in starch with salinity and alkalinity stress only in T group but not in ST and S group. Proline increased significantly in all the tolerance groups even at low salinity of EC e 4 mS cm -1 or pH 9.5. The salt tolerant genotypes of rice maintained higher levels of Chl a and b, starch and proline under high salinity and alkalinity stress and are the robust criteria for tolerating high salinity and alkalinity.
Efficacy of spinosad against the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae), in laboratory and field trials*

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer), is the most economically important ectoparasite in poultry houses in many countries around the world. The lack of efficacy of commercial products in its control results from poor application and/or from its resistance to active ingredients. A new insecticide, spinosad, was tested against mobile stages of the red mite in laboratory and field populations. Laboratory trials showed increasing efficacy five days (adults) and six days (nymphs) after exposure. Laboratory results were confirmed in a field trial conducted under commercial conditions. The trial was conducted in three separate houses on farms with high natural mite populations. The first and second houses were sprayed with concentrations of 2,000 and 4,000 ppm of spinosad (2 and 4 g/L), whereas the third house was used as an untreated control. Spraying was conducted using a sprayer (Stadikopumpe VAAR 252- 200 LE, Dinklage, Germany) with a 200 L reservoir with permanent stirring, a 50 m long flexible tube with a double jet system, and jet size of 0.08 mm. The pressure used was 6–10 bar. Sampling was conducted immediately before the application and once a week for 56 days in the first house and 93 days in the second. In the first house, almost 100% reduction in mite numbers was observed until 28 days post treatment; 74.3% reduction was observed 49 days after treatment. In the second house, rates of reduction were higher than 90% until day 77. The untreated control house maintained high red mite infestations throughout the experimental period. The results showed effective control of all mobile stages of D. gallinae with spinosad.
Incubation capacity limits maximum clutch size in black-tailed gulls Larus crassirostris

Factors determining clutch size of birds have long been the central issue in studies in life histories. It is assumed that the configuration of brood patches could limit the maximum clutch size. To test this hypothesis we manipulated clutch sizes and measured egg temperature as well as reproductive consequences in black-tailed gulls Larus crassirostris, which usually lay two egg clutches and have three brood patches. Mean egg temperature in 4-egg clutches (32.6±1.0°C) was significantly lower than in 2-egg (34.6±0.4°C) and 3-egg clutches (34.1±0.4°C), because egg temperature of the coolest egg within a 4-egg clutch was often substantially lower than the other three eggs. The proportion of eggs hatching from 4-egg clutches (11.6%) was lower than those of 2-egg (49.1%) and 3-egg clutches (52.0%). Four-egg clutches had longer incubation periods (29.6±1.3 day) than 2-egg (28.1±1.7 day) and 3-egg clutches (28.0 ±1.3 day). The results indicate that incubation capacity, which may be determined by the configuration of brood patches, limits the maximum clutch size in black tailed gulls, but not the actual clutch size typically laid.
Factors Influencing Survival of Radiotagged and Banded Northern Bobwhites in Georgia

Abstract Numerous studies of behavior and ecology of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) have depended on radiotagging and telemetry for data collection. Excluding the presumably short-term effects of trapping, handling, and attaching radiotransmitters, researchers often assume that little bias is associated with estimating survival and behavioral parameters associated with this technique. However, researchers have not adequately examined these effects on organisms being investigated and have thus assumed demographic information obtained from such methods are valid. In light of this conjecture, it is imperative to evaluate methodological assumptions to ensure research is statistically valid and biologically meaningful. Therefore, we used Burnham's model and program MARK to analyze survival estimates of individually banded and radiotagged bobwhites during an 8-year period (1997–2004) consisting of 6,568 individuals (2,527 radiotagged) via combined analysis of mark–recapture, dead recovery (via harvest), and radiotelemetry data to test the effects of radiotransmitters on bobwhite survival. We also compared band–recapture survival estimates to Kaplan–Meier survival estimates, and we examined the effects of various other factors (e.g., temporal, spatial) on bobwhite survival. Based on Akaike's model selection criterion, the best model including the radiotransmitter covariate (Akaike's Information Criterion adjusted for small sample size bias and overdispersion relative value = 0.72) did not explain more of the variation in survival than models without this effect. Thus, we found the effect of radiotransmitters as negligible. Bobwhite survival varied relative to spatial (e.g., site), temporal (e.g., yr and season), and gender effects. Average annual survival for the 8-year period was 22.76% (1.50 SE) for banded-only and 21.72% (1.49 SE) for radiotagged birds. Survival rate varied annually, ranging from 12.42% (7.51 SE) to 37.16% (8.27 SE), and seasonally, ranging from 23.82% (2.71 SE) to 65.06% (3.23 SE); however, between group (banded-only, radiotagged) survival differences were still inconsequential. We conclude that for our study, radiotelemetry provided reliable survival estimates of an intensively managed bobwhite population, where supplemental food was provided, and this information provided useful data to make practical habitat management decisions. We believe that future radiotelemetry studies would benefit as a whole if researchers conducted similar analyses prior to presenting their results from radiotelemetry data, especially for populations that are more food limited.
Phenological responses in maple to experimental atmospheric warming and CO2 enrichment

Evidence that global warming has altered the phenology of the biosphere, possibly contributing to increased plant production in the northern hemisphere, has come from a diversity of observations at scales ranging from the view of the back yard to satellite images of the earth. These observations, coupled with an understanding of the effects of temperature on plant phenology, suggest that future changes in the atmosphere and climate could alter plant phenology with unknown or unpredictable consequences. We assessed the effects of simulated climatic warming and atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the spring and autumn phenology of maple trees (Acer rubrum and A. saccharum) growing for four years in open‐top field chambers. CO2 enrichment (+300 ppm) had no consistent effects on the timing of budbreak and leaf unfolding in the spring or leaf abscission in the autumn. Warming (+4°C) usually had predictable effects: in two of the three years of assessment, budbreak occurred earlier in warm chambers than in ambient temperature chambers, and leaf abscission always occurred later. The lengthening of the growing season could contribute to increased productivity, although effects of temperature on other physiological processes can concurrently have negative effects on productivity. In 1995, budbreak was unexpectedly delayed in the warmer chambers, apparently the result of advanced budbreak leading to injury from a late‐spring frost. Likewise, there was increased risk associated with longer leaf retention in the autumn: in 1994, leaves in the warm chambers were killed by freezing temperatures before they had senesced. These observations support the premise that global warming could increase the length of the growing season. Phenological responses should, therefore, be part of any assessment of the possible consequences of global change, but our results also suggest that those responses may not always have positive effects on production.