Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Macro and Micro Mineral Content of Some Wild Edible Leaves Consumed in Eastern Anatolia

Wild plants play an important role in the diet of inhabitants in different parts of the world. These plants tend to be drought-resistant and are gathered both in times of abundance and times of need. Used in everyday cooking, these foods may be an important source of nutrients. The purpose of this study was to assess the mineral content of some edible wild leaves. Plants species ( Beta lomatogena Fisch.et Mey., Capparis spinosa L., Chenopodium album L., Eryngium billardieri Delar., Falcaria vulgaris Bernh., Ferula communis L., Gundelia tournefortii L., Lathyrus tuberosus L., Malva neglecta Wallr., Mentha arvensis L., Nepeta concolor Boiss. and Heldr., Ocimum basilicum L., Papaver dubium L., Polygonum bistorta L., Polygonum cognatum Meissn., Portulaca oleracea L., Rheum ribes L . , Rubus sp., Rumex crispus L., Rumex scutatus L ., Scorzonera cana (C.A.Mey.) Hoffm. , Scorzonera latifolia (Fish. and Mey.) DC. , Scorzonera sp. , Sempervivum armenum Boiss et Huet, Tragopogon spp. , Urtica urens L. ) were collected in late winter and spring, and their taxonomic identifications were made according to Flora of Turkey and analyzed for their mineral content. Moisture content, ash content and pH were found reasonable as compared to some vegetables. However, protein content, N, K, Ca and Mg content of wild plants were higher, while P, S and Na content were lower, and Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content were equal to, or higher than those of some commonly used vegetables such as spinach, pepper, lettuce, cabbage species.
Famílias de Coleoptera capturadas com armadilha luminosa em oito localidades do Paraná, Brasil

Eight geographical areas, considered as representative of the several natural environments wich still exist in Parana, southern Brazil, were selected for the collection of insects. This data collection formed pan of the "Survey of the Entomological Fauna in Parana State" (henceforth Profaupar). These areas were sampled using a light trap (Esalq's model) (Silveira-Neto & Silveira 1969) throughout a single year from August, 1986, until July, 1987. The families of Coleoptera captured were analyzed according to Palma's classification.
Dietary preferences of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica in a river and adjacent seacoast in north Kyushu, Japan

The diet of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica was investigated by examining the stomach contents of middleand large-sized crabs (carapace width 10 mm). Crabs were collected in the freshwater area (growth area), tidal river, and seacoast area (reproductive area) of the Saigo River, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Analysis of the diet of E. japonica was carried out using the frequency of occurrence and percentage point methods. The stomach contents were classified into 4 large and 27 small categories. It was evident that E. japonica was an omnivore and a deposit feeder, mainly feeding on the detritus derived from vascular plants growing along the river channel. Filamentous algae Cladophora sp. , aquatic insects (e.g., Chironomidae), sediments such as mud or sand, and artificial products such as plastic or yarn were often found, suggesting that E. japonica mainly feeds on detritus lying on the substrate without sorting well. Stomach contents of adult crabs in the tidal area exhibited higher frequency of animal materials (i.e., fish, gastropods, and crabs) than those of young and adult crabs in the freshwater area, suggesting that adult crabs in the tidal area eat more animal materials. Such an omnivorous feeding habit is similar to other related brachyuran crabs (grapsoidae) and may be one of the important factors which enables E. japonica’s wide distribution along the river and sea-
Conjugation Process in Spirogyra varians Monitored with FITC-lectins(Zygnemataceae, Chlorophyta)

In Spirogyra, two compatible filaments align parallel to each other making numerous papillae, which connect the opposite cells during conjugation and serve as a passage for a male cytoplasm to move into the female cell (Hoek et al. 1995; Sze 1998; Kim et al. 2007). Conjugation process involves a complex series of events but it always begins with the contact between two papillae protruded from each opposite cell. Therefore, recognition factors are expected along their surfaces. Although there are few studies on the environmental factors inducing conjugation in the zygnematacean species (Grote 1977; Simons et al. 1984; Stabenau and Saeftel 1989; Kato and Ooshima 1997), the key factors which trigger the conjugation and the mechanism of recognition between the compatible filaments are still unknown (Kim et al. 2007). Cell surface carbohydrates are highly suitable for encoding biological information because of their complexity and structural diversity, and hence they have been reported as primary markers for cell-cell recognition events in many organisms (Sharon and Lis 1993, Kim and Kim 1999). Such recognition systems depend on the complementary binding between carbohydrate moieties of a glycoconjugate on one cell with a lectin protein on another cell (Sharon and Lis 1989; Chrispeels and Raikhel 1991; Kim and Kim 1999; Kim et al. 2005). Because of their sugar-binding properties, fluoresceinlabeled lectins have been used as a powerful tool to analyze the characteristics and the distribution of cell surface carbohydrates in many organisms (e.g. Wassarman 1987; Sharon and Lis 1989; Karlsson 1991; Kim and Fritz 1993a, b; Kim et al. 1996; Kim and Kim 1999). Cheli and De Vecchi (1989) showed that the extracellular mucilage of Spirogyra filaments disappeared during conjugation and some glycoproteinaceous materials were accumulated in the cell wall of the developing conjugation papilla, suggesting that the chemical composition in cell surface changed during the process. Our previous study on the conjugation process of Zygnema cruciatum also showed that the surface carbohydrate moiety changes during the conjugation and newly appeared glyAlgae Volume 24(1): 39-45, 2009
Spatial heterogeneity and habitat configuration overcome habitat composition influences on alpha and beta mammal diversity

The effects of habitat fragmentation on different taxa and ecosystems are subject to intense debate, and disentangling them is of utmost importance to support conservation and management strategies. We evaluated the importance of landscape composition and configuration, and spatial heterogeneity to explain α‐ and β‐diversity of mammals across a gradient of percent woody cover and land use diversity. We expected species richness to be positively related to all predictive variables, with the strongest relationship with landscape composition and configuration, and spatial heterogeneity respectively. We also expected landscape to influence β‐diversity in the same order of importance expected for species richness, with a stronger influence on nestedness due to deterministic loss of species more sensitive to habitat disturbance. We analyzed landscape structure using: (a) landscape metrics based on thematic maps and (b) image texture of a vegetation index. We compared a set of univariate explanatory models of species richness using AIC, and evaluated how dissimilarities in landscape composition and configuration and spatial heterogeneity affect β‐diversity components using a Multiple Regression on distance Matrix. Contrary with our expectations, landscape configuration was the main driver of species richness, followed by spatial heterogeneity and last by landscape composition. Nestedness was explained, in order of importance, by spatial heterogeneity, landscape configuration, and landscape composition. Although conservation policies tend to focus mainly on habitat amount, we advocate that landscape management must include strategies to preserve and improve habitat quality and complexity in natural patches and the surrounding matrix, enabling landscapes to harbor high species diversity.
INFLUENCE OF LUTING RESIN CEMENT POLYMERIZATION MODE AND VENEER THICKNESS ON THE COLOR STABILITY OF FELDSPATHIC CAD/CAM VENEERS

Introduction: The color stability of the resin-based cement employed for the cementation procedure may be as important for the long-term clinical success of the restoration as the mechanical properties of the veneer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different polymerization modes of resin cements and ceramic thicknesses on the color stability of feldspathic CAD/CAM veneers. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four sound human maxillary central incisor teeth were divided according to ceramic veneer thickness used into two main groups (n = 32); Group I; 0. 5 mm ceramic thickness and Group II; 1 mm ceramic thickness, each group was then subdivided according to the type of resin cement received (Light cure LC or Dual cure DC) into four sub groups of 16 specimens each: Group I A:(0.5 + LC); Group I B:(0.5 + DC); Group II A:(1 + LC); Group II B (1 +DC) . Sixty four Ceramic discs were prepared; for group I, 32 discs of diameter 7 mm and height 0.5mm while for group II, 32 discs of diameter 7mm and height 1mm. The shade was measured using digital spectrophotometer at 3 different time intervals. Results: Ceramic thickness alone revealed statistically significant effect on the ∆E values of all groups (p ≤ 0.05), irrespective of the type of the resin cement. The highest mean ∆E values were recorded in group I A and the lowest ∆E values were recorded in group II B . There was statistically significant difference in ∆E 2 between groups IA and IB. Conclusions: All studied cements showed ∆E within clinically acceptable range in both dual cure and light cure resin cements. Increasing ceramic thickness can serve to mask the underlying color change.
Aeropyrum pernix gen. nov., sp. nov., a Novel Aerobic Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Growing at Temperatures up to 100°C

A novel aerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon was isolated from a coastal solfataric vent at Kodakara-Jima Island, Japan. The new isolate, strain K1, is the first strictly aerobic organism growing at temperatures up to 100°C. It grows optimally at 90 to 95°C, pH 7.0, and a salinity of 3.5%. The cells are spherical shaped and 0.8 to 1.2 μm in diameter. Various proteinaceous complex compounds served as substrates during aerobic growth. Thiosulfate stimulates growth without producing H2S. The core lipids consist solely of C25-isopranyl archaeol(glycerol diether). The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 67 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence indicates that strain K1 is a new member of Crenarchaeota. On the basis of our results, the name Aeropyrum pernix gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain: K1; JCM 9820).
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-WAY CROSS PROGENY FROM CHAROLAIS-, SIMMENTAL- AND LIMOUSIN-SIRED F1 DAMS VS. HEREFORD × ANGUS DAMS

Carcass characteristics of 3673 steers and heifers born over a 6-yr period from 1973 to 1978 at Brandon, Manitoba (farm conditions) and Manyberries, Alberta (range conditions) were compared. Calves weaned at Manyberries were fed and evaluated at Lacombe, Alberta. The progeny produced were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dam mated to bulls of the Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) breeds. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S and L sires out of H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. The progeny from SN dams (Brandon) and the three S-cross dams (Lacombe) had the highest carcass weight per day of age and the progeny from LH dams (Brandon) and L dams (Lacombe) the lowest and equal to progeny from HA dams. The progeny from LN dams (Brandon) and the three L-cross dams (Lacombe) had the highest dressing percentage and the progeny from the SH dams the lowest and equal to the HA progeny. The progeny from HA dams at both locations had greater levels of average ri.
Genetic Parameters of Fatty Acids in Italian Brown Swiss and Holstein Cows

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and to predict experimental breeding values (EBVs) for saturated (SFA), unsaturated (UFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, the ratio of fatty acids, and the productive traits in Italian Brown Swiss (BSW) and Holstein Friesian (HOL) cattle. Test-day yields from 235,658 HOL and 21,723 BSW cows were extracted from the Italian HOL and BSW Associations databases from November 2009 to October 2012 out of 3310 herds. The milk samples collected within the routine milk recording scheme were processed with the Milkoscan™ FT 6500 Plus (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark) for the identification of SFA, UFA, MUFA and PUFA composition in milk. Genetic parameters for fatty acids and productive traits were estimated on 1,765,552 records in HOL and 255,592 records in BSW. Heritability values estimated for SFA, UFA, MUFA and PUFA ranged from 0.06 to 0.18 for the BSW breed and from 0.10 to 0.29 for HOL. The genetic trends for the fatty acids were consistent between traits and breeds. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations among EBVs for SFA, UFA, MUFA and PUFA and official EBVs for fat percentage were in the range 0.32 to 0.54 for BSW and 0.44 to 0.64 for HOL. The prediction of specific EBVs for milk fatty acids and for the ratio among them may be useful to identify the best bulls to be selected with the aim to improve milk quality in terms of fat content and fatty acid ratios, achieving healthier dairy productions for consumers.
Cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts and an L-929 cell line

Consensus about the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) has not been reached, even though extensive attention has been paid to this issue. This confusion may be due to physicochemical factors of Ag-NPs and the cell model used for biological safety evaluation. In the present study, human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts (EBFs), which have been considered a closer representative of the in vivo response, were used as a novel cell model to assess the cytotoxicity of Ag-NPs (∼20nm and ∼100 nm) in comparison with L-929 fibroblast cell line. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, p53 expression, and cellular uptake were examined. Results showed that Ag-NPs presented higher cytotoxicity to EBF than to L-929. EBF demonstrated a stronger capacity to ingest Ag-NPs, a higher G2/M arrest, and more upgraduated p53 expression after exposed to Ag-NPs for 48 h when compared with L-929. It could be concluded that EBF exhibited a more sensitive response to Ag-NPs compared with L-929 cells, indicating that EBF may be a valid candidate for cytotoxicity screening assays of nanoparticles.
Aggregation of organic matter by pelagic tunicates

Three genera of pelagic tunicates were fed concentrates of natural seston and an axenic diatom culture. Fresh and up to 4-day-old feces resemble flocculent organic aggregates containing populations of microorganisms, as described from highly productive parts of the ocean, and older feces resemble the nearly sterile flocculent aggregates which are ubiquitous in surface waters. Fresh feces consist of partially digested phytoplankton and other inclusions in an amorphous gelatinous matrix. After 18 to 36 h, a population of large bacteria develops in the matrix and in some of the remains of phytoplankton contained in the feces. From 48 to 96 h, protozoan populations arise which consume the bacteria and sometimes the remains of the phytoplankton in the feces. Thereafter only a sparse population of microorganisms remains, and the particles begin to fragment. Water samples taken in or below dense populations of salps and doliolids contained greater numbers of flocculent aggregates than did samples from adjacent stations.
Aphasia and Spirituality: the feasibility of assessment and intervention using WELLHEAD and SHALOM

ABSTRACT Background: Spiritual aspects of aphasia rehabilitation are poorly understood, though identified within adjustment. Existing spiritual health assessments have not been used with people with aphasia, and no structured program to facilitate intervention has been documented, despite acknowledgements that spirituality is important in health and wellbeing and distinct from quality of life and mental health. Aims: Mixed methods were used to investigate the accessibility and acceptability of a spiritual health assessment (SHALOM) and WELLHEAD, a toolkit originated by Mumby for spiritual health assessment and intervention, using the religiously neutral dimensions of “WIDE, LONG, HIGH, and DEEP”. Method: A Steering group (five people with aphasia) shaped the feasibility study cyclically, agreeing that “Meaning and purpose” defined spirituality, and selecting SHALOM. WELLHEAD was modified collaboratively with the Steering group and Hospital Chaplain. A convenience sample of 10 people with aphasia (discharged from therapy) represented diverse aphasia histories, ages, and religious backgrounds. Participants completed a two-hour session using SHALOM, the WELLHEAD toolkit and a feedback questionnaire within video-recorded interviews. Quantitative results from all three components were integrated with a qualitative thematic analysis in NVivo 11 including numerical and descriptive summaries verified by the participants, feedback interview transcripts and field notes with reflections. The thematic analysis was systematically and independently verified by a co-researcher. Feedback from participants was further verified by incorporating their comments from reviewing the overall findings. Results: Quantitative and qualitative feedback evaluated the materials positively. Thematic analysis provided evidence of the accessibility, acceptability, and positive impact of WELLHEAD irrespective of aphasia severity or aetiology, and religious background. “Belief”, “Faith”, and “Religion” were disambiguated. SHALOM was also linguistically and cognitively accessible with communication support even for those with severe aphasia. Scores from WELLHEAD and SHALOM were compared and set into the context of wider standardisation of SHALOM, providing the first evidence of spiritual health measures in participants with aphasia. Conclusions: This preliminary work lays foundations for spiritual assessment and intervention in aphasia. Establishing the psychometric properties of SHALOM and WELLHEAD in people with aphasia requires a larger sample. Additional study of intervention is proposed, with clear potential for wider application of WELLHEAD in diverse settings and populations.
Reframing Resources in Engineering Teaching and Learning

Abstract The notion of “resources” is often framed in an economic sense: money, time, equipment and the like. The authors reconceptualise this notion, situating resources as embedded in curricular frameworks, teacher practice and student experience. This leads them to define resources as “the potential to participate in socio-cultural action” which is illustrated in this article through a series of reflections on the part of the authors, all within the context of engineering education. First, they demonstrate that curriculum can be productively thought of as a route marker for the development of resources that students need in order to enact their role as professional engineers. Thereafter, they show that lecturers bring tacit resources of trust, care, creativity and credibility to the teaching and learning space, and that these are necessary to overcome the inertia that often resists the transformation of teaching and learning practice. Finally, they reflect on how students’ prior learning experiences can be harnessed as a resource for teaching and learning. In so doing, they present resources as tied to sociocultural practices and personal and institutional histories, and encourage others to take up these ideas so as to consider how resources, viewed in the authors’ sense, are valued within (engineering) education.
Late Holocene Climate Change and the Origin of the “Figurine Complex” In Grand Canyon, Arizona

Abstract Hundreds of split-twig figurines have been recovered from caves in Grand Canyon and are associated with a hunting ritual that dates from 4200–3100 14C yrs before present (BP). The caves chosen for this ritual all have Pleistocene remains of big game animals visible in packrat middens or surface deposits at the entrances. Presumably, Archaic hunter-gatherers identified these sites as entrances to the Underworld where the fossil remains represented ancestral animals. We examine the known chronology for these sites in Grand Canyon and postulate that the origin of this ritual is correlated with a period of rapid climate change that occurred on both global and regional scales beginning at ∼4000 BP. Increasingly variable conditions and the onset of modern El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) patterns in the eastern Pacific at that time probably negatively affected productivity of big game species in years with decreased winter precipitation. Thus, the caves became foci for a hunting ritual with figurines serving as a kind of offering. Most dates on the figurines or associated artifacts occur between 4100–3530 BP and many cluster to specific periods that suggest this ritual was not continuous, but may correspond with episodic droughts. Additional radiocarbon dates on figurines can test this hypothesis.
A Multiband Polarimetric Imager for Field Crop Survey: ―Instrumentation and Preliminary Observations of Heading-stage Wheat Canopies―

Abstract A spectral and polarization image observation technique for detecting multiband polarimetric characteristics of reflected light from field-growing plants under daylight conditions was developed and the potential application of the method to in-situ assessments of wheat-leaf orientation at the heading stage was assessed. The developed digital imaging system corresponded to wavelength bands centered at 470, 550, and 647 nm, each with bandwidths of 10 nm. The instrument was fitted with a glass polarizer, which rotated from 0 to 360º in 15º steps, and polarized images of 1360 ×1024 pixels were captured at heading in wheat plots subjected to different fertilizer regimes at the jointing stage. Degree of polarization (DP) and mean brightness (MB) of the three bands were calculated from images of several pairs of top-dressed and non-top-dressed (non-dressed) plots, with a camera depression angle of 15–20º on two clear days. The relative azimuth angles between the view and insolation were approximately 135º (oblique front) and 180º (right in front), respectively. The mean DP for each plot area in the images varied between 0.3 and 1.4%. Although most of the top-dressed plots had significantly higher DPs than the non-dressed plots in the 550 nm band, few of the MB images in any band showed a clear difference between the top-dressed and non-dressed plots.