Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENETS standardized (synoptic) reporting for neuroendocrine tumour pathology

In recent years the WHO classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) has evolved. Nomenclature as well as thresholds for grading have changed leading to potential confusion and lack of comparability of tumour reports. Therefore, the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) has set‐up an interdisciplinary working group to develop templates for a pathology data set for standardised reporting of NEN. Experts of various disciplines, members of the ENETS Advisory Board, formed a taskforce that discussed and decided on the structure, content and the number of templates needed for reporting the most common NEN. The selection of the required items was based on the WHO classification of digestive system tumours, the WHO classification of tumours of the lung and mediastinum and on “ENETS standard of care” reports. The final proposal of the working group was approved by the ENETS Advisory Board. Templates for synoptic reporting were created for the seven most common NEN primary sites, that is, stomach, duodenum, jejunum‐ileum, appendix, colon‐rectum, pancreas, lung and mediastinum. In addition, a general template for reporting biopsies was designed. The templates allow the recording of the essential items on differentiation, proliferation (Ki‐67 and mitosis), neuroendocrine features (positivity for chromogranin A and synaptophysin) and stage as well as several optional markers especially helpful for the distinction of neuroendocrine tumours (NET) from neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). In summary, this paper presents the content and development of synoptic reports for most sites of NEN by a multidisciplinary team of international experts in the field, which could help to improve unambiguous reporting of NEN.
Proteomics for the prediction and prevention of atherosclerotic disease.

Graphical AbstractMoving from the genome to the transcriptome to the proteome reveals increasing biological complexity for understanding pathways of atherosclerotic disease and its progression. The process of gene expression in which coding DNA strands are transcribed into mRNA and translated into specific proteins are only the first steps in understanding the increasingly complex biological interactions that subsequently occur within proteins (which include post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and methylation) as well as between proteins (such as protein–protein network interactions). In turn, proteins have diverse impacts on cell, tissue, organ, and organism structures and functions, including between cell signalling, control of metabolism, and regulation of growth and senescence. Unlike genetic data and associated polygenic risk scores (which are inherently static), protein data and associated protein-based risk scores are dynamic and responsive to a wide variety of environmental and behavioural stimuli including, as examples, lifestyle change, exercise, and nutrition. As such, moving from a genomics focus to a proteomics focus may provide therapeutic insights not only for late-stage drug development (secondary prevention, modestly modifiable) but also for early-stage primordial and primary prevention (highly and moderately modifiable).
Challenging a host–pathogen paradigm: Susceptibility to chytridiomycosis is decoupled from genetic erosion

The putatively positive association between host genetic diversity and the ability to defend against pathogens has long attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists. Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has emerged in recent decades as a cause of dramatic declines and extinctions across the amphibian clade. Bd susceptibility can vary widely across populations of the same species, but the relationship between standing genetic diversity and susceptibility has remained notably underexplored so far. Here, we focus on a putatively Bd‐naive system of two mainland and two island populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo) at the edge of the species’ range and use controlled infection experiments and dd‐RAD sequencing of >10 000 SNPs across 95 individuals to characterize the role of host population identity, genetic variation and individual body mass in mediating host response to the pathogen. We found strong genetic differentiation between populations and marked variation in their susceptibility to Bd. This variation was not, however, governed by isolation‐mediated genetic erosion, and individual heterozygosity was even found to be negatively correlated with survival. Individual survival during infection experiments was strongly positively related to body mass, which itself was unrelated to population of origin or heterozygosity. Our findings underscore the general importance of context‐dependency when assessing the role of host genetic variation for the ability of defence against pathogens.
Feeding during therapeutic hypothermia is safe and may improve outcomes in newborns with perinatal asphyxia

Abstract Objective We assessed the impact of early enteral feeding introduction during therapeutic hypothermia on time to reach full enteral feeding (FEF) and other feeding related outcomes in infants born at ≥35 weeks gestational age and diagnosed with moderate to severe Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Methods A prospective cohort with historical control study, conducted on infants admitted to the Alberta Children’s Hospital level III NICU in Calgary between January 2013 and December 2018. Infants were divided into 2 groups: (1) unfed group (UG), which was kept nil per os during the 72 h of therapeutic Hypothermia (TH), with subsequent introduction of feeding and gradual increase to FEF; (2) fed group (FG), which received feeding at 10 mL/kg/day during TH then increased gradually to FEF. Groups were compared for time to FEF and the type of milk they were being fed on discharge. Other gut related health risks such as NEC and sepsis were examined. Results During the study period, 146 infants received therapeutic hypothermia, of whom 75 in the UG and 71 in the FG. The FG compared to the UG received the first feed sooner after TH initiation (median 57 vs. 86.5 h, p < .001), reached FEF earlier (median 6 vs. 8 days, p = .012), had a higher rate of being fully fed in the first week of life (70 vs. 53%, p < .035), was kept NPO for shorter duration (median 2 vs. 4 days, p < .001), and had a higher rate of breast milk feeding at discharge (41 vs. 13%, p < .001). There were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis or late onset sepsis in either group during the hospital stay. Conclusion Minimal enteral feeding during therapeutic hypothermia appears to be safe and leads to a shorter time to FEF and higher rates of breast milk feeding at discharge.
Effects of Irradiated Sterile Male and Mating Sequence on the Fertility of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract The sterile insect technique has been explored in the laboratory to control populations of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), a globally invasive pest. We studied the reproductive behavior of D. suzukii including mating frequency, time between matings, and mating duration among non-irradiated flies. Irradiation doses were tested at 0, 60, 90, 110, 120, 150, and 180 Gy to select the optimal dose for producing sterile males. In addition, we examined the effects of mating sequence on offspring production where females were presented with irradiated males first and then wild males, or the reverse. Female D. suzukii were found to mate twice on average through their lifespan, with 16.53 ± 12.05 d between matings. The first mating duration was 24.64 ± 1.52 min shorter than the second mating. A dose of 90 Gy was suitable where irradiated males lived as long as non-irradiated males, and few eggs hatched from matings. The mating sequence experiment revealed first-male parentage preference. Wild females that mated with a wild male and then irradiated male produced more offspring than females mated with an irradiated and then wild male. Overall, the influence of mating sequence should be taken into consideration when applying the sterile insect technique (SIT) to control D. suzukii populations.
Circ_0072008, an oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, contributes to tumour cell malignant progression and glycolysis by regulating miR-545-3p/SLC7A11 axis

Abstract Background The hsa_circRNA_103809 (circ_0072088) has been an emerging tumour regulator in human cancers, and is identified as one most aberrantly expressed circRNA in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the role of circ_0072088 remains unclear in PDAC cells. Methods Expression of circ_0072088, microRNA (miR)-545-3p and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell progression was measured by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, transwell assays and flow cytometry, as well as xenograft tumour models. Glycolysis was evaluated by commercial assay kits. The interaction among circ_0072088, miR-545-3p and SLC7A11 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results Circ_0072088 was upregulated in PDAC tumours and cells; besides, high circ_0072088 level was associated with high tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. The circ_0072088 siRNA suppressed cell viability, migration, invasion, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), lactate production, glucose uptake, and ATP generation, but promoted apoptosis rate and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. In vivo, circ_0072088 knockdown retarded tumour growth of PANC-1 cells. Overexpressing miR-545-3p mimicked circ_0072088 siRNA-induced actions, and inhibited cell progression and glycolysis of SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. Moreover, SLC7A11 downregulation could be mediated by both circ_0072008 siRNA and miR-545-3p mimic, and participating in suppressive role in cell progression and glycolysis of SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. In mechanism, miR-545-3p was targeted by circ_0072008, and SLC7A11 was target of miR-545-3p. Conclusion Circ_0072088 elicited oncogenic role in malignant cell progression and glycolysis of PDAC cells through circ_0072088/miR-545-3p/SLC7A11 pathway. Highlights Circ_0072088 was upregulated in PDAC tumours and was associated with high tumour burden. Blocking circ_0072088 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis in PDAC cells. Circ_0072088 could directly regulate miR-545-3p, and SLC7A11 was a target of miR-545-3p. Restoring miR-545-3p mimicked the effects of circ_0072088 knockdown in PDAC cell in vitro.
Selective memory retrieval can revive forgotten memories

Significance Recall of encoded information gets impaired as time passes. We show that selective retrieval can interrupt such time-dependent forgetting. Selective retrieval of some studied information can revive the nonretrieved information and bring recall levels back to the levels shortly after study. Strikingly, we found that time-dependent forgetting after selective retrieval mimics time-dependent forgetting after study, which implies that the revival of the forgotten memories is lasting and caused by a reset of the recall process. In the real world, retrieval of encoded episodes is often selective and is often time-lagged, like in educational settings or in eyewitness testimony situations. Our findings suggest that selective retrieval can improve people’s memory in such situations. Humans remember less and less of what was encoded as more and more time passes. Selective retrieval can interrupt such time-dependent forgetting, enhancing recall not only of the retrieved but also of the nonretrieved information. The recall enhancement has been attributed to context retrieval and the idea that selective retrieval reactivates the retrieved item’s temporal context during study, which can facilitate recall of other items that had a similar context at study. However, it is unclear whether context retrieval induces a transient discontinuity in the stream of temporal context only, or a more permanent updating of context that would entail a lasting interruption of time-dependent forgetting. In three experiments, we analyzed time-dependent forgetting of encoded information right after study and after time-lagged selective retrieval. Selective retrieval boosted recall of the nonretrieved information up to the levels observed directly after study. Intriguingly, it also created a restart of time-dependent forgetting that made forgetting after retrieval indistinguishable from forgetting after study and thus induced a reset of the recall process. The results suggest that selective retrieval can revive forgotten memories and cause lasting recall enhancement, effects likely mediated by context retrieval and a permanent updating of temporal context.
Worry about COVID‐19 as a predictor of future insomnia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic resulted in significant increases in insomnia, with up to 60% of people reporting increased insomnia. However, it is unclear whether exposure to risk factors for the virus or worries about COVID‐19 are more strongly associated with insomnia. Using a three‐part survey over the course of the first 6 months of the pandemic, we evaluated associations between COVID‐19 exposures, COVID‐19 worries, and insomnia. We hypothesised that COVID‐19‐related worries and exposure to risk of COVID‐19 would predict increases in insomnia. Participants (N = 3,560) completed a survey at three time‐points indicating their exposures to COVID‐19 risk factors, COVID‐19‐related worries, and insomnia. COVID‐19 worry variables were consistently associated with greater insomnia severity, whereas COVID‐19 exposure variables were not. COVID‐19 worries decreased significantly over time, and there were significant interactions between change in COVID‐19 worries and change in insomnia severity over time. Individuals who experienced increases in COVID‐19 worries also experienced increases in insomnia severity. Changes in worry during the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with changes in insomnia; worries about COVID‐19 were a more consistent predictor of insomnia than COVID‐19 exposures. Evidence‐based treatments targeting virus‐related worries may improve insomnia during this and future calamities.
How to Maximize the Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Common Cavity and Cochlear Aplasia With Dilated Vestibule, the Most Severe Inner Ear Anomalies?

Copyright © 2022 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 2022 February 15 [Epub ahead of print] https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2022. 00164
Clinical Practice Guideline: Nasal Irrigation for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Adults

The Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Korean Rhinologic Society appointed a guideline development group (GDG) to establish a clinical practice guideline, and the GDG developed a guideline for nasal irrigation for adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The guideline focuses on knowledge gaps, practice variations, and clinical concerns associated with nasal irrigation. Nasal irrigation has been recommended as the first-line treatment for CRS in various guidelines, and its clinical effectiveness has been demonstrated through a number of studies with robust evidence. However, no guidelines have presented a consistent nasal irrigation method. Several databases, including OVID Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed, were searched to identify all relevant papers using a predefined search strategy. When insufficient evidence was found, the GDG sought expert opinions and attempted to fill the evidence gap. Evidence-based recommendations for practice were ranked according to the American College of Physicians grading system. The committee developed 11 evidence-based recommendations. This guideline focuses on the evidence-based quality improvement opportunities deemed the most important by the GDG. Moreover, the guideline addresses whether nasal lavage helps treat CRS, what type of rinsing solution should be used, and the effectiveness of using additional medications to increase the therapeutic effect.
Differential impacts of economic and demographic variables on substance use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent economic crisis has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of economic shifts on substance use. Existing literature on this relationship is limited and conflicting, warranting further exploration. Objective: This study aimed to identify relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), demographic variables, and substance use patterns before and after government-mandated business closures due to COVID-19. Methods: Participants were recruited based on self-reported substance use through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Qualifying participants (N = 315, 43% female, mean age = 35.35) reported their substance use and SES for two-week periods before and after pandemic-related business closures. Regression models analyzed relationships between substance use and study variables. Results: Regression models found that, during COVID-19 closures, greater financial strain predicted decreased benzodiazepine (β = −1.12) and tobacco (β = 1.59) use. Additionally, certain predictor variables (e.g., participants’ age [β = 1.22], race [β = −4.43], psychiatric disorders including ADHD [β = −2.73] and anxiety [β = 1.53], and concomitant substance use [β = 3.38]) predicted changes in substance use patterns; however, the directionality of these associations varied across substances. Conclusion: Specific substance use patterns were significantly and differentially impacted by economic strain, psychiatric diagnoses, and concomitant substance use. These results can help direct harm reduction efforts toward populations at greatest risk of harmful substance use following the pandemic.
Constituents, Antibacterial Adhesion, Cytotoxic and in Vitro Metastasis Blocking Properties of Salvia fruticosa Essential Oils from Three Palestinian Localities

Essential oils (EOs) of Salvia fruticosa Mill. gathered from three Palestinian localities were studied to determine their constituents, antibacterial adhesion impact against Klebsiella pneumonia, cytotoxicity, and their function in cancer cell migration. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry identified the chemical components, while the MTT technique was used to measure the EOs′ cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical) and Caco‐2 (colorectal) cancer cells. Antibacterial adhesion was assessed by examining Klebsiella pneumoniae’s ability to adhere to Caco‐2 cells. Our study found that eucalyptol was present as the main constituent in all S. fruticosa EOs. In addition, K. pneumoniae adhesion and metastasis were reduced after 48 h of application. Salfit's and Hebron's EOs had the most potent cytotoxic effects on Caco‐2 and HeLa, with IC50 values in the range of 0.7–1.3 μg/mL. Taking into account the obtained results, it may be concluded that S. fruticosa EOs can serve as potential disinfectant agents for the treatment and prevention of K. pneumoniae‐associated illness and cancer.
Characterization of Blood Mucosal‐Associated Invariant T Cells in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis and of Resident Mucosal‐Associated Invariant T Cells From the Axial Entheses of Non‐Axial Spondyloarthritis Control Patients

The importance of interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been demonstrated by the success of IL‐17A blockade. However, the nature of the cell populations that produce this important proinflammatory cytokine remains poorly defined. We undertook this study to characterize the major IL‐17A–producing blood cell populations in the peripheral blood of patients with axial SpA, with a focus on mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population known to be capable of producing IL‐17.
The use of feedback to enhance environmental outcomes: a randomised controlled trial of a food waste scheme

Food waste makes up about 20% of general waste that goes to the landfill every year in the UK. Encouraging the public to engage in food waste recycling and separating more food from general waste could help local governments promote a better environment. Appeals to collective norms, by giving people feedback on their street's food waste recycling rate compared with others, could promote recycling. To test this, we carried out a randomised controlled trial in Oldham, Greater Manchester. We randomly assigned 318 streets to a treatment and control group. Households in the treatment group were sent two postcards that provided feedback on how their street performed on food waste recycling compared with the average for their neighbourhood. Participation in the food waste scheme was measured for all households on three occasions: at baseline, and after the receipt of the first- and second-feedback cards. We estimated the effect of our treatment using cross-classified multilevel logistic regression models, controlling for baseline, street size and the interaction of treatment and baseline. We show that feedback had a positive effect on the food waste participation with an effect size of 2.8% compared with a control group that received no treatment.
Comparison of language awareness in Kurdish-Persian bilingual children and Persian monolingual children

Abstract The present study examines language awareness between bilinguals and monolingual children. Language awareness is a person's explicit understanding of language and its role in thinking, learning, and social life, which is associated with executive functioning. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) test was designed to evaluate executive functioning. The test includes two parts: verbal and non-verbal. In this study, the verbal part including Twenty Questions, Word context, and proverb of D-KEFS was used. Kurdish-Persian bilinguals and Persian monolinguals attended this study. The results showed that in the Twenty Questions, word context, and proverb, there was a significant difference between bilinguals and monolinguals. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals in both twenty-question and word context tests, while they performed lower on the proverb test. It can be concluded that bilingualism affects language awareness and also influences different aspects of executive functioning in different manners.
Task choice shields against incidental affective influences on effort‐related cardiovascular response

Abstract In an attempt to integrate theorizing on action shielding with affective influences on effort‐related cardiovascular response, an experiment with N = 115 university students (90% women) tested whether working on a task by personal choice versus external assignment moderates the effect of happy versus sad background music on effort‐related cardiovascular response during task performance. We predicted strong action shielding and low receptivity for incidental affective influences when participants could ostensibly choose the task to be performed. Given the difficult nature of the task, we thus expected strong effort‐related cardiovascular responses due to high commitment when the task was chosen. By contrast, for assigned‐task participants, we expected high receptivity for incidental affective influences and thus predicted strong cardiovascular reactivity when they were exposed to happy music but low responses due to disengagement when they were exposed to sad music. Effects on responses of cardiac pre‐ejection period, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate confirmed our effort‐related predictions. Apparently, personal choice of a task can immunize individuals against incidental affective influences on resource mobilization.