Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum Levels of BDNF, TNF alpha, Caspaz-3, AChE, BChE in Patients with Brain Tumor

Objective: Brain tumor development mechanisms are still the subject of current research, and treatment models are improving. Our study aimed to investigate the association of cytokines with intracranial tumor types and grades and their usability in diagnosis and follow-up. Material and Methods: This study included 48 individuals (24 brain tumors and 24 control groups). The blood samples were taken from the study groups, and biochemical analysis was performed. The groups were then compared for statistical significance. Results: In our study, our aim was to investigate the relationship between enzyme levels and intracranial tumors in various pathologies and grades. We found a significant association between TNF-α, Caspase-3, and BChE enzymes, but this association was not observed for BDNF and AChE. Conclusion: We measured the levels of various cytokines secreted in gliomas and other brain tumors and carried out our study to determine whether these measurements cause changes in the staging of the disease, their use as a diagnosis, and the length of stay. This study would shed light on more comprehensive studies on brain tumors.
Identification of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase (TPS) Genes Associated with Both Source-/Sink-Related Yield Traits and Drought Response in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is an important enzyme for the synthesis of Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P). In addition to being a signaling regulator of carbon allocation that improves crop yields, T6P also plays essential roles in desiccation tolerance. However, comprehensive studies, such as evolutionary analysis, expression analysis, and functional classification of the TPS family in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are lacking. Here, we identified 35 BnTPSs, 14 BoTPSs, and 17 BrTPSs in cruciferous plants, which were classified into three subfamilies. Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis of TPS genes in four cruciferous species indicated that only gene elimination occurred during their evolution. Combined phylogenetic, protein property, and expression analysis of the 35 BnTPSs suggested that changes in gene structures might have led to changes in their expression profiles and further functional differentiation during their evolution. In addition, we analyzed one set of transcriptome data from Zhongshuang11 (ZS11) and two sets of data from extreme materials associated with source-/sink-related yield traits and the drought response. The expression levels of four BnTPSs (BnTPS6, BnTPS8, BnTPS9, and BnTPS11) increased sharply after drought stress, and three differentially expressed genes (BnTPS1, BnTPS5, and BnTPS9) exhibited variable expression patterns among source and sink tissues between yield-related materials. Our findings provide a reference for fundamental studies of TPSs in rapeseed and a framework for future functional research of the roles of BnTPSs in both yield and drought resistance.
A Simulation-Based Study of Back-Illuminated Lateral Ge/GeSn/Ge Photodetectors on Si Platform for Mid-Infrared Image Sensing

GeSn/Ge heterojunction photodetectors (PDs) have great potential to outperform conventional mid-infrared (MIR) sensors. In this work, simulated analysis is performed to demonstrate the back-illuminated lateral double $\text {Ge/}{\text {Ge}}_{{0.90}}{\text {Sn}}_{{0.10}}\text {/Ge}$ heterojunctions p-i-n PDs for MIR imaging. This lateral PDs configuration is compatible with current complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, yielding reduced fabrication complexity and offering high resonance in optical characteristics (between 2000- and 2700-nm wavelength range), viable for high-performance operation in MIR wavelength bands. This work also investigates the effects of high-density point dislocation at GeSn/Ge heterointerface on various performance metrics, including dark current, photocurrents, detectivity, and noise-equivalent-power (NEP) of PDs. The results indicate that the defects have less impact on detectivity and NEP and have negligible impact on the collection of photogenerated carriers and thus responsivity. The device shows a maximum 3-dB optoelectrical bandwidth of $>$ 92.4 GHz, which is among the highest of other GeSn p-i-n PDs. In addition, even in the presence of defects, the device achieves high responsivity in MIR bands and its values are 0.39, 1.45, and 0.25 A/W at the operating wavelengths of 2000, 2310, and 2700 nm, respectively. Thus, the proposed work can be a major step toward GeSn-based PDs on the Si platform for MIR imaging applications.
Characterization of oxide films on 4H-SiC epitaxial (0001¯) faces by high-energy-resolution photoemission spectroscopy: Comparison between wet and dry oxidation

Wet and dry oxide films-4H-SiC epitaxial (0001¯) C-face interfaces have been characterized by capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements and soft x-ray excited photoemission spectroscopy (SX-PES) and hard x-ray excited photoemission spectroscopy (HX-PES) using synchrotron radiation. The interface state density for wet oxidation is much smaller than that for dry oxidation at any energy level. In the PES measurements, intermediate oxidation states such as Si1+ and Si3+ were observed. In addition, the areal densities of these states were found to be in a good correspondence with those of the interface states. The reasons for the good electrical characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor devices fabricated by wet oxidation are discussed in terms of the depth profiles of oxide films derived from the SX-PES and HX-PES results.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and adverse drug reactions of adrenergic alpha-antagonists in treating children with ureteral calculi

This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of three different adrenergic alpha-antagonists during the treatment of pediatric ureteral stones. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Registry until January 2022. We identified 7 articles, including six RCTs and one cohort study. 610 children received either adrenergic alpha-antagonists or placebo. The results confirmed that the three different adrenergic alpha-antagonists could significantly increase the ureteral calculi expulsive rate and shorten the ureteral calculi expulsive time, regardless of the size of the stone “<5 mm” or “5–10 mm”. Subgroup analysis suggested that all three adrenergic alpha-antagonists increased the ureteral calculi expulsive rate. Tamsulosin and silodosin also have the effect of shortening ureteral calculi expulsive time, while doxazosin has an insignificant effect on ureteral calculi expulsive time. Besides, tamsulosin and silodosin obviously reduced the number of pain episodes caused by ureteral calculi in children. We analyzed the treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) caused by the treatment of three different adrenergic alpha-antagonists to explore their ADRs. The probability of ADRs was increased after treatment with adrenergic alpha-antagonists. Further subgroup analysis revealed the application of tamsulosin was positively correlated with ADRs in children with ureteral calculi, while the application of doxazosin and silodosin had no statistically significant effect on the probability of TEAEs. In a conclusion, this article systematically analyzed the efficacy and ADRs of three different adrenergic alpha-antagonists, and provided reference and guidance for the application of adrenergic alpha-antagonists to treat children ureteral calculi.
Extended Poisson process modelling of dilution series data

Summary. Data comprising colony counts, or a binary variable representing fertile (or sterile) samples, as a dilution series of the containing medium are analysed by using extended Poisson process modelling. These models form a class of flexible probability distributions that are widely applicable to count and grouped binary data. Standard distributions such as Poisson and binomial, and those representing overdispersion and underdispersion relative to these distributions can be expressed within this class. For all the models in the class, likelihoods can be obtained. These models have not been widely used because of the perceived difficulty of performing the calculations and the lack of associated software. Exact calculation of the probabilities that are involved can be time consuming although accurate approximations that use considerably less computational time are available. Although dilution series data are the focus here, the models are applicable to any count or binary data. A benefit of the approach is the ability to draw likelihood‐based inferences from the data.
Cardioplegia in Open Heart Surgery: Age Matters

Introduction: Cardioplegia is a pharmacological approach essential for the protection of the heart from ischemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury. Over the years, numerous cardioplegic solutions have been developed, with each cardioplegic approach having its advantages and disadvantages. Cardioplegic solutions can be divided into crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solutions, and an experienced surgeon chooses the type of solution based on the individual needs of patients in order to provide optimal heart protection. Importantly, the pediatric immature myocardium is structurally, physiologically, and metabolically different from the adult heart, and consequently its needs to achieve cardioplegic arrest strongly differ. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a summary of the cardioplegic solutions available to pediatric patients with a special focus on emphasizing differences in heart injury after various cardioplegic solutions, the dosing strategies, and regimens. Material and methods: The PubMed database was searched using the terms cardioplegia, I–R, and pediatric population, and studies that investigated the influence of cardioplegic strategies on markers of cardiac muscle damage were further analyzed in this review. Conclusions: A large body of evidence suggested more prominent benefits achieved with blood compared to those with crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric myocardium preservation. However, standardized and uniform protocols have not been established so far, and an experienced surgeon chooses the type of cardioplegia solution based on the individual needs of patients, while the severity of myocardial damage strongly depends on the type and duration of the surgical procedure, overall patient condition, and presence of comorbidities, etc.
Modulation of cosmic ray protons in the heliosheath

[1] A contemporary numerical model including a solar wind termination shock, a heliosheath, and drifts is used to study the features of cosmic ray proton modulation in the outer heliosphere. Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft observations over 22 years and out to ∼82 AU have shown markedly different behavior for minimum modulation conditions between the radial intensity profiles for periods of opposite magnetic polarities and that most of the residual modulation for these periods took place in the outer heliosphere, near and beyond where the termination shock is expected to be. The modeling results show that the inclusion of a termination shock in the modulation model for solar minimum conditions causes abrupt changes in the radial gradients, gr, at the termination shock, at almost all energies of interest to modulation studies. During A > 0 solar magnetic field polarity cycles this “barrier” effect contributes ∼60% to the overall modulation at 0.5 GeV. However, for A 0 cycles, surprisingly more so for higher energies.
Effects of Large Macropores on Saline Water Evaporation From Marsh Soil

Macropores such as crab burrows are a common feature of salt marsh sediment and are recognized as an important factor influencing pore‐water flow in salt marshes. In this study, we examined the effect of macropores on saline water evaporation and pore‐water salinity based on laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Soil columns with and without an artificial macropore were packed with clay‐loam and were set with different hydraulic heads fixed at the bottom. The results showed that increase in pore‐water salinity significantly reduced evaporation rates. The preferential flow induced by macropores recharged the soil surrounding macropores and maintained higher evaporation rates in comparison with homogeneous soil without macropores. As macropores induced lateral flow, the pore‐water salinity in shallow soil around the macropores was reduced but that in the area away from the macropores was increased. These impacts were more remarkable on the soil layers with higher hydraulic heads. A sensitivity analysis showed that with a higher initial pore‐water salinity, the macropore's impact on soil evaporation rates was more remarkable for both clay‐loam and silt‐loam. These results revealed the effect of macropores on soil evaporation processes and soil conditions, and also shed light on associated biogeochemical processes in salt marshes.
Hydrodynamic instabilities in cylindrical thermocapillary liquid bridges

The hydrodynamic stability of steady axisymmetric thermocapillary flow in a cylindrical liquid bridge is investigated by linear stability theory. The basic state and the three-dimensional disturbance equations are solved by various spectral methods for aspect ratios close to unity. The critical modes have azimuthal wavenumber one and the most dangerous disturbance is either a pure hydrodynamic steady mode or an oscillatory hydrothermal wave, depending on the Prandtl number. The influence of heat transfer through the free surface, additional buoyancy forces, and variations of the aspect ratio on the stability boundaries and the neutral mode are discussed.
A Review of the Mechanical Properties of Graphene Aerogel Materials: Experimental Measurements and Computer Simulations

Graphene aerogels (GAs) combine the unique properties of two-dimensional graphene with the structural characteristics of microscale porous materials, exhibiting ultralight, ultra-strength, and ultra-tough properties. GAs are a type of promising carbon-based metamaterials suitable for harsh environments in aerospace, military, and energy-related fields. However, there are still some challenges in the application of graphene aerogel (GA) materials, which requires an in-depth understanding of the mechanical properties of GAs and the associated enhancement mechanisms. This review first presents experimental research works related to the mechanical properties of GAs in recent years and identifies the key parameters that dominate the mechanical properties of GAs in different situations. Then, simulation works on the mechanical properties of GAs are reviewed, the deformation mechanisms are discussed, and the advantages and limitations are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the potential directions and main challenges is provided for future studies in the mechanical properties of GA materials.
Air Motions Accompanying the Development of a Planetary Wave Critical Layer

Abstract Horizontal air motions accompanying the development of a planetary wave critical layer are investigated on the sphere in the equivalent barotropic framework. For small wave amplitude or strong shear in the neighborhood of the zero wind line, the critical region is confined laterally to a narrow zone adjacent to the critical latitude. Increasing the wave amplitude or reducing the zonal shear near the zero wind line expands the critical region poleward. Stirring within the critical region is controlled by a competition between wave advection, which promotes instability by rearranging potential vorticity, and dissipation, which limits the steepening of gradients and damps instability. Eddy advection strains bodies of air inside the critical region down to small dimensions, until eventually dissipation becomes efficient and anomalies in potential vorticity and other tracers “dissolve. ” For a narrow critical region, eddy stirring tends to homogenize potential vorticity near the zero wind line. The red.
Goal-oriented critical reasoning and individual differences in critical reasoning biases.

In 4 experiments, the relationships among critical reasoning, personal goals, general intellectual ability, and information-processing style were explored. Three critical reasoning competencies were investigated: the law of large numbers, the intuitive analysis of covariance, and the ability to detect flaws in experimental designs. Participants were presented problems that involved goal-enhancing, goal-neutral, and goal-threatening evidence. There were 2 main findings: (a) Although general ability predicted 2 components of critical reasoning, biases in reasoning were better predicted by information processing style (i.e., rational vs. intuitive). (b) Reasoning on the goal-enhancing and neutral problems was less sophisticated than reasoning on threatening problems. Depth of processing seems to be a primary mechanism underlying motivated reasoning. In addition, information processing style is an individual difference variable that moderates the extent of reasoning biases. Similar results were obtained across different forms of critical thinking.
SOUTH POLE OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEAR-INFRARED SKY BRIGHTNESS

To observe the faintest objects in the Universe astronomers require the darkest skies. In the infrared, sensitivities are limited by the thermal emission from the atmosphere and the telescope. By placing a telesocpe in Antarctica, and exploiting the reduced thermal emission and the natural absence of strong airglow emission between 2.3 and 2.5 microns, we can minimize the sky brightness. In this paper, and in an accompanying paper by Nguyen et al. 1996, we provide t"cosmological window". At 2.4 microns the sky flux can be as low as 50 mu-Jy/square arcsecond, up to orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding flux at temperate observatories. We also show that substantial reductions in the background can be achieved throughout the 2.9 to 4.1 micron region.
An Exponential Inequality for Strictly Stationary and Negatively Associated Random Variables

We establish an exponential inequality for strictly stationary and negatively associated random variables which improves the corresponding results which Jabbari Nooghabi and Azarnoosh (2009) and Kim and Kim (2007) got, and get also the convergence rate n −1/2(log n)1/2 for the strong law of large numbers that a.s. without any extra condition on the covariance structure, which is faster than the relevant ones n −1/3(log n)5/3, , and n −1/2(log n)1/2(log log n)ξ/2 for any ξ > 1 obtained by Jabbari Nooghabi and Azarnoosh (2009) for the case of geometrically decreasing covariance, Kim and Kim (2007) and Yang et al. (2008), respectively. In addition, an exponential inequality for the tail of a block decomposition of the sums is also presented, which improves the relevant one derived by Oliveira (2005) in the course of the proof.
Estimation and Prediction for a Class of Dynamic Nonlinear Statistical Models

Abstract A class of nonlinear state-space models, characterized by a single source of randomness, is introduced. A special case, the model underpinning the multiplicative Holt-Winters method of forecasting, is identified. Maximum likelihood estimation based on exponential smoothing instead of a Kalman filter, and with the potential to be applied in contexts involving non-Gaussian disturbances, is considered. A method for computing prediction intervals is proposed and evaluated on both simulated and real data.
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Musculocontractural Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Caused by Biallelic Loss-of-Function Variants of Gene for Dermatan Sulfate Epimerase

Musculocontractural Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants for dermatan sulfate epimerase (mcEDS-DSE), is a rare connective tissue disorder. Eight patients with mcEDS-DSE have been described with ocular complications, including blue sclera, strabismus, high refractive errors, and elevated intraocular pressure. However, a case with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has not been reported. We report our findings in a 24-year-old woman who was diagnosed with mcEDS-DSE in childhood and presented to our clinic with an RRD in the left eye. The RRD extended to the macula and was associated with an atrophic hole. The patient underwent scleral buckling surgery and cryopexy with drainage of subretinal fluid through a sclerotomy under local anesthesia. The sclera did not appear blue but was very thin at the sclerotomy site. The patient developed frequent bradycardia during the surgery. Subretinal or choroidal hemorrhages were not observed intraoperatively; however, a peripapillary hemorrhage was observed one day after operation. The retina was reattached postoperatively, and the peripapillary hemorrhage was absorbed after one month. The peripapillary retinal hemorrhages, thin sclera, and bradycardia were most likely due to the fragility of the eye. The genetic diagnosis of mcEDS-DSE played an important role before and during the surgery by alerting the surgeons to possible surgical complications due to the thin sclera.
Role of Actuation Frequency in Controlled Flow Reattachment over a Stalled Airfoil

The effect of the actuation frequency on the manipulation of the global aerodynamic forces on lifting surfaces using surface-mounted fluidic actuators based on synthetic (zero mass flux) jet technology is demonstrated in wind-tunnel experiments. The effect of the actuation is investigated at two ranges of (dimensionless) jet formation frequencies of the order of, or well above, the natural shedding frequency. The vortical structures within the separated flow region vary substantially when the dimensionless actuation frequency F + is varied between O(1) and O(10). When F + is O(1), the reattachment is characterized by the formation of large vortical structures at the driving frequency that persist well beyond the trailing edge of the airfoil. The formation and shedding of these vortices leads to unsteady attachment and, consequently, to a time-periodic variation in vorticity flux and in circulation. Actuation at F + of O(10) leads to a complete flow reattachment that is marked by the absence of organized vortical structures along the flow surface
Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where differences are often present relating to the performance of motor skills. Our previous work elucidated unique event-related potential patterns of neural activity in those with ADHD when performing visuomotor and force-matching motor paradigms. The purpose of the current study was to identify whether there were unique neural sources related to somatosensory function and motor performance in those with ADHD. Source localization (sLORETA) software identified areas where neural activity differed between those with ADHD and neurotypical controls when performing a visuomotor tracing task and force-matching task. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited, while whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was performed. sLORETA localized greater neural activity post-FMT in those with ADHD, when compared with their baseline activity (p < 0.05). Specifically, greater activity was exhibited in BA 31, precuneus, parietal lobe (MNI coordinates: X = −5, Y = −75, and Z = 20) at 156 ms post stimulation. No significant differences were found for any other comparisons. Increased activity within BA 31 in those with ADHD at post-FMT measures may reflect increased activation within the default mode network (DMN) or attentional changes, suggesting a unique neural response to the sensory processing of force and proprioceptive afferent input in those with ADHD when performing motor skills. This may have important functional implications for motor tasks dependent on similar proprioceptive afferent input.