Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agency within Mobility: Conceptualising the Geopolitics of Migration Management

ABSTRACT The movement of people across borders, and the varied governmental responses to that movement, is of crucial importance to contemporary geopolitics. Agency and mobility are two central themes in these debates. This Forum makes an intervention into such debates, by contributing to the conceptualisation of agency as a co-constitutive phenomena, and seeking a collaborative response to the question of how to rethink the paradigm of political agency. Within the diverse situations described in the Forum, the contributors trace the different ways in which migrant individuals enact and claim agency within the systems they encounter. While engaging with different case studies (migration to Germany, the UK, the EU and Japan; migration from and within West Africa) and utilising different methodologies (interviews, ethnographic research, policy analysis), the contributions are united by a determination to develop understandings of migrant and refugee agency that do justice to the complexity of the geopolitical situations in which persons find themselves: whether that is the inequalities produced by long-term factors such as colonialism and developmental interventions; or the contemporary cross-border movements driven by conflicts or regional, national and local circumstance. By recognising the various ways in which migrants, as political actors in their own right, engage with multiple forms of governance and management, we engage in a cumulative effort to make conceptual strides on the back of empirical research, in order to generate new avenues for productive research into the geopolitics of migration management.
Structural components of income growth: an application to the evolution of the Spanish economy, 1980–2014

This paper analyses the structural and technical changes in Spain since the 1980s, using annual input–output tables. Specifically, a differential structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is applied to shifts in value-added, revealing eight different components and allowing the estimation of the impacts of technical change on the process of economic transformation on a sector-by-sector basis. We conclude that growth in the Spanish economy in recent decades was a mix of technological modernization and general economic expansion, although with some heterogeneity among sectors over time. High-technology services played a key role in modernization in the late 1980s and 1990s. In fact, the growth of High-technology, Medium-high-technology, Energy and Construction sectors accelerated through the 2008 crisis. Labour compensation and returns from capital followed different trends both during expansions and recessions, intensifying income inequality in Spain.
Bullying Prevention for Schools: A Step-by-Step Guide to Implementing a Successful Anti-Bullying Program

About This Book. Acknowledgments. The Author. Introduction. Step 1 Establish and Train the Bully Free Program Team and Develop the Program Time Line. Step 2 Provide Bully Free Awareness Training for School Personnel and Volunteers. Step 3 Provide a Bully Free Awareness Assembly for All Students. Step 4 Provide a Bully Free Awareness Presentation for Parents and the Community. Step 5 Develop a Program Evaluation Plan and Determine the Status of Bullying in the School. Step 6 Develop the Bully Free Program Mission Statement, Objectives, Slogan, and Logo. Step 7 Implement a Bully Free Curriculum. Step 8 Develop and Implement the Bully Free Program Administrative Strategies Plan and Policies. Step 9 Establish the Bully Free Rules and Behavioral Expectations. Step 10 Develop the Discipline Rubrics and Adopt Prosocial Strategies. Step 11 Develop the Response Plan. Step 12 Identify the High-Risk Locations and Times and Develop and Implement a Coordinated and Monitored Supervision Plan and Schedule, as Well as a Reporting and Information Exchange System. Step 13 Train School Personnel, Volunteers, and Other Key Individuals to Adhere to Policies, Procedures, Discipline Rubrics, Prosocial Strategies, and Response Plans. Step 14 Conduct a Meeting with Adults and an Assembly Program for Students to Increase Awareness and Encourage Involvement. Step 15 Develop and Implement a Student Involvement and Empowerment Plan. Step 16 Develop and Implement Parent and Community Involvement and Education Plans. Step 17 Review and Confirm the Implementation and Completion of Program Components and Activities. Step 18 Readminister the Survey Instruments, Analyze Pre- and Post-Data, and Make Improvements. Step 19 Celebrate Success and Plan for Next Year. Appendix A: Description of the Bully Free Program-Handout. Appendix B: Overview of Bullying-Handouts and Fact Sheets. Appendix C: Bully Free Survey Instruments. Appendix D: Sample Antibullying Policy. Appendix E: Bully Free Rubrics and Blank Rubric Forms. Appendix F: The Bully Free Response Plan Forms for Students Bullying Students. Bibliography. Index.
THE VALUE OF REDUCING SHIP MOTIONS

The fighting effectiveness of surface warships is degraded in bad weather reducing the return on the capital invested in them. This paper offers a simple methodology linking degradation in a given sea state, the frequency of occurrence of various sea states and the cost of one day at sea. An example shows the cash return on improving seakeeping.
Wildfires as a Source of PAHs in Surface Waters of Background Areas (Lake Baikal, Russia)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in different types of PAH-containing samples collected in Lake Baikal during wildfires in the adjacent areas. The set of studied samples included the following: (i) water from the upper layer (5 m); (ii) water from the surface microlayer; (iii) water from the lake tributaries; (iv) water from deep layers (400 m); and (v) aerosol from the near-water layer. Ten PAHs were detected in the water samples: naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene. The total PAH concentrations (ƩPAHs) were detected in a wide range from 9.3 to 160 ng/L, characterizing by seasonal, intersessional, and spatial variability. In September 2016, the ƩPAH concentration in the southern basin of the lake reached 610 ng/L in the upper water layer due to an increase in fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in the composition of the PAHs. In June 2019, ƩPAHs in the water from the northern basin of the lake reached 290 ng/L, with the naphthalene and phenanthrene concentrations up to 170 ng/L and 92 ng/L, respectively. The calculation of back trajectories of the atmospheric transport near Lake Baikal, satellite images, and ƩPAH concentrations in the surface water microlayer of 150 to 960 ng/L confirm the impact of wildfires on Lake Baikal, with which the seasonal increase in the ƩPAH concentrations was associated in 2016 and 2019. The toxicity of PAHs detected in the water of the lake in extreme situations was characterized by the total value of the toxic equivalent for PAHs ranging from 0.17 to 0.22 ng/L, and a possible ecological risk of the impact on biota was assessed as moderate.
Land use/land cover change assessment of Mohana watershed (Far-Western Nepal) using GIS and remote sensing

The present study was conducted in the Mohana watershed of Far-western Nepal to assess land use land cover change. The study has used ArcGIS and three Landsat images - Landsat TM (1999), Landsat ETM+ (2009), and Landsat OLI (2019) – to analyze land use the land cover change of the watershed. The change matrix technique was used for change detection analysis. The study area was classified into five classes; forest, agriculture, built-up, water bodies, and barren lands. The study has found that among the five identified classes forest and build-up increased positively from 45.40 % to 51.51 % - forest cover and 11.26 % to 19. 85 % - build-up respectively. Similarly, agricultural land and water bodies initially increased but after 2009 both land cover areas decreased to 23.79 % and 0.73 % from 31.38 % and 0.97 % in 2009 respectively. Barren land decreased from 15.37% to 4.12% over the last 20 years. This study might support land-use planners and policymakers to adopt the best suitable land use management option for the Mohana watershed.
PREDICTION OF PORK QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS USING VISIBLE AND NEAR–INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Visible/near–infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy was tested as a non–destructive method to assess the quality of fresh pork loin. Quality characteristics of pork were measured to develop calibration models for a diode–array Vis/NIR reflectance spectrophotometer. Spectral measurements and measurements for pH, water–holding capacity (WHC), XYZ tristimulus values, cook yield, shear force, proximate analysis (moisture, fat, and protein content), and subjective color, marbling, and firmness scores were performed for 411 fresh pork loin samples. Approximately 80% of the sample set was used for calibration and 20% for validation. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed for each characteristic measured. XYZ tristimulus values were predicted well with R2 > 0.91 and SECV 0.88 and SEP < 1.2 for validation. Moisture, fat, and protein content were predicted less well with R2 > 0.69 and SECV < 0.007 for calibration, and R2 > 0.61 and SEP < 0.007 for validation. The calibrations for the other characteristics (shear force, cook yield, pH, water–holding capacity, and scores for color, marbling, and firmness) varied from marginally good to poor with R2 values ranging from 0.584 to 0.002.
Re-examining Social Mobility: Migrants’ Relationally, Temporally, and Spatially Embedded Mobility Trajectories

Social mobility research mainly investigates directional change in socio-economic circumstance. This article contributes to the strand of social mobility research that examines subjective experiences of economic movement. It analyses social mobility as a set of relationally, temporally and spatially embedded social practices, subjectively experienced and interpreted. The interactive nexus between social and spatial mobility is a fruitful line of inquiry, and the experiences of international migrants are distinctly suited for developing this analysis. Drawing on a qualitative study of migrants’ mobilities, both social and spatial, post-arrival in Australia, we argue that social mobility is experienced as sets of contingent social practices. These in/variably co-exist with aspirations for a sense of belonging and connectedness, a sense of security and other non-economic needs and desires and are also always adjusted over time. In addition, migrants’ status as legal, cultural or social Others shapes the experience of social mobility in distinctive ways.
On the Impact of GDP per Capita, Carbon Intensity and Innovation for Renewable Energy Consumption: Worldwide Evidence

The mitigation of climate change through ambitious greenhouse gases emission reduction targets constitutes a current priority at world level, reflected in international, regional and national agendas. Within the common framework for global climate action, an increased reliance on renewable energy sources, which would assist countries to reduce energy imports and cut fossil fuel use, emerged as the solution towards achieving worldwide energy security and sustainability through carbon-neutrality. As such, this study is aimed to investigate the heterogeneous effects of relevant economic and environmental driving factors for renewable energy consumption (REC) that emerge from current policy objectives (GDP per capita, carbon intensity, and research and development) through an empirical analysis of a wide panel of 94 countries, and five income-based subpanels, over the 1995–2019 period, by using heterogeneous panel data fixed-effects estimation techniques (static and dynamic) with robust Driscoll–Kraay standard errors. The results unambiguously indicate that CO2 intensity has a significant mitigating effect on REC at world level, and this relationship is stronger for low-income and very high-income countries. Moreover, GDP per capita promotes REC when it surpasses the 5000 USD threshold, whereas research and development is a major contributor to increase in renewable energy consumption in very high-income countries. As such, for the policy makers, it is necessary to consider the heterogeneity of the drivers of REC in order to issue effective and congruent policies. The effective employment of post-COVID-19 recovery funds constitutes a timely, ideal occasion.
Design thinking in responding to disruptive innovation: A case study

How can the design thinking approach assist firms in developing response strategies to momentum-gaining disruptive innovations, along the lines of effectively exploiting established technologies and corresponding products/services? Such exploitative response strategies, implying successfully strengthening and leveraging the disrupted firm's existing technology without embracing the disruptive elements, have been, to a large extent, overlooked in the disruptive innovations literature. Using an inductive analysis of a critical case (a major cork stopper producer), the current study aims at developing a systematic understanding of exploitative strategic options and the role of design thinking in enabling them. The findings shed light on the effectiveness of the design thinking mindset to respond to disruptive innovations. In addition, we present evidence that a design thinking method can be successfully applied to process innovation. Finally, we demonstrate that to achieve a radical innovation based on design thinking principles, the establishment of design discourse is required.
On surface roughness-limited mobility in highly doped n-MOSFET's

Based on a numerical study of Ando's model for surface roughness scattering, we assess the links between the functional dependencies of the electron surface roughness-limited mobility and the morphology of the interface. The results are summarized in an analytical expression that can be implemented into device simulators. Our results also highlight that as the channel doping increases, the surface roughness-limited mobility features a roll-off in the low effective field region, similar to the one due to the Coulomb-limited mobility. This physical effect is discussed.
Influence of Conventional, CAD-CAM, and 3D Printing Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Integrity and Surface Roughness and Wear of Interim Crowns

The aim is to assess the influence of fabrication techniques—conventional (CN), CAD-CAM (CC), and 3D printing (3D)—on the marginal fit, adaptation, surface roughness, and wear of interim restorations of crowns. Thirty interim crowns were fabricated using CN, CC, and 3D techniques. Sixty discs were fabricated to evaluate surface wear and surface roughness properties, with 10 disc samples in each group (n = 10). Internal adaptation and marginal integrity of interim crowns were analyzed with micro CT to detect microgaps at selected points. Average surface micro-roughness (Ra) was calculated in micrometers (μm) using an optical non-contact surface microscope under cyclic loading. Surface wear was evaluated by surface area measurements (mm3) using a micro CT. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc comparison tests with Pearson correlation were performed for data analysis. The highest adaptation means were for CN (269.94 ± 64 μm), and the lowest mean value was observed for 3D (197.82 ± 11.72 μm) crowns. CN and CC specimens showed comparable adaptation (p > 0.05), which were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than 3D crowns. CN crowns showed significantly higher marginal misfit compared to 3D (p < 0.05) and CC (p < 0.05) crowns. The highest mean surface roughness was observed in the 3D crowns (5.61 ± 0.33 µm), whereas the lowest was found in CC crowns (3.28 ± 0.34 µm). Better restoration Ra was observed using the CC method followed by CN. CN had the highest wear (17.79 ± 2.78 mm3), and the lowest wear was observed in the 3D (10.81 ± 2.00 mm3) specimen. Low surface wear was observed using 3D printing, followed by CN and CC techniques. The printed specimen showed comparable outcomes to CAD-CAM restoration; however, they were better than CN restoration. A positive correlation between adaptation and surface roughness was observed, indicating an effect of the fabrication technique on material physical property.
Investigating the need for therapeutic drug monitoring of imipenem in critically ill patients: Are we getting it right?

Background. The drug levels and clearances of imipenem in critically ill patients are not comprehensively described in current literature, yet it is vital that adequate levels be achieved for therapeutic success. Objectives. To determine the proportion of critically ill patients treated with imipenem/cilastatin with sub-therapeutic imipenem plasma levels, and to compare the clinical outcomes of those patients with therapeutic levels with those who had sub-therapeutic levels. Methods. Trough imipenem plasma levels of 68 critically ill patients from a surgical intensive care unit were measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Imipenem trough levels were compared with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the causative bacterial agents, based on a target value of 100% time above MIC (¦T >MIC). Results. The proportion of participants with sub-therapeutic imipenem levels was 22% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13% - 34%). The 14- and 28-day mortality rates in the sub-therapeutic group were 33% and 40%, respectively, compared with 19% ( p =0.293) and 26% ( p =0.346), respectively, in the therapeutic group. Sub-therapeutic imipenem plasma levels are associated with adjusted hazard ratio of 1.47 (95% CI 0.55 - 3.91). Conclusions. The lower proportion of critically ill patients with sub-therapeutic imipenem plasma levels in this study compared with previous studies may be attributed to the practice of higher dosages and the administration method of extended infusions of imipenem/cilastatin in our setting. The results demonstrate a trend of higher mortality in patients with sub-therapeutic imipenem levels, although the results were not statistically significant at this sample size.
Border regimes and temporal sequestration: An autoethnography of waiting

Research on the US–Mexico border has been overwhelmingly framed in spatial terms focusing primarily on the movements of immigrants, asylum seekers, and refugees. This current framing and focus obfuscate the United States-Mexico border regime’s temporal dimensions and its impact on communities outside its purported purview. Through autoethnography and my own experiences as a transborder commuter, I develop and propose the concept of temporal sequestration to better understand a pernicious form of border violence that is often omitted in presentist accounts of waiting. Furthermore, I argue that waiting is best understood as a multidimensional practice, one that is relational, learned, and suffused with affect.
Perceiving an ambiguous situation as sexual harassment: the influence of observer and harasser gender

ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of observer 1 and harasser gender on perceiving an ambiguous situation as sexual harassment. A total of 417 Israelis were exposed to a screenshot of WhatsApp correspondence identical in its content but for describing a male or female harasser. Using an experimental manipulation, harasser gender was manipulated so that half of the participants were exposed to either a male or female harasser. Next, their perception of the situation as sexual harassment was measured. As hypothesized, we found that women tended to interpret the situation as harassment more often than men. Additionally, as hypothesized, the male character was interpreted more often as sexually harassing. We also found an interaction between observer gender and harasser gender, but not in the expected direction: women tended to judge both male and female harassers severely but relatively equally, whereas men tended to judge only the male harasser severely. These findings imply that men were affected by gender schemas and stereotypes more than were women, whose judgement tended to be more objective. Practically, this means that although much has changed in recent years, including in particular the #MeToo campaign, sexual harassment is still affected by gender schemas and stereotypes and still reflects an unequal gender distribution of power.
Lake sturgeon seasonal movements in regulated and unregulated Missouri River tributaries

Spatio‐temporal movement patterns of aquatic organisms drive many ecological processes. However, dams block migrations and alter the hydrologic and thermal regimes influencing movement behaviour of freshwater fishes. In North America, many recovering southern Lake Sturgeon populations occur in rivers with hydroelectric dams, but few studies have examined the impact of hydrologic alteration on their seasonal movements. We conducted a 3‐year telemetry study of 96 adult and subadult Lake Sturgeon to compare their migratory responses to temperature and hydrology in adjacent regulated and unregulated tributaries of the Missouri River. Many other populations of Lake Sturgeon use tributaries primarily for spring spawning; however, in our study, Lake Sturgeon used Missouri River tributaries during 78% of the year. Differences in river size, hydrologic and thermal regimes in the regulated Osage River may have contributed to the greater year‐round residency, later initiation, more frequent directional changes and longer duration of spring migrations compared to the unregulated Gasconade River. Lake Sturgeon made spring upstream migrations at temperatures of 13–19°C and elevated discharges in both rivers. However, Osage River migrants responded less to changes in discharge or temperature during spring migrations, especially those that overwintered at upstream locations. Fall tributary migrations occurred in the Osage River at rising or high discharges but were uncommon in the Gasconade River. Our identification of the influences of abiotic variables on the timing, duration and extent of Lake Sturgeon seasonal migrations can help guide management of habitat and hydrology in regulated rivers to recover migratory fishes globally.
The survival of blown pack spoilage associated Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes spores during the ensiling of grass

ABSTRACT Blown pack spoilage (BPS) of vacuum packaged primals, caused by Clostridium estertheticum and Clostridium gasigenes, is a serious issue for the beef industry. There are multiple sources of these bacteria on beef farms, including grass and associated feed preparations. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of C. estertheticum and C. gasigenes spores during the ensiling of grass and the subsequent opening of the silos. Grass, harvested from fields, with and without cattle slurry amendment, was inoculated with approximately 100 spores/g and ensiled using a laboratory (silo) model system at 20°C in the dark. Adding formic acid or sucrose resulted in six treatment combination as follows: no slurry (NS), no slurry plus formic acid (NSFA), no slurry plus sucrose (NSS), slurry (S), slurry plus formic acid (SFA) and slurry plus sucrose (SS). During the silage fermentation, samples were removed periodically and tested for C. estertheticum, C. gasigenes, total viable, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. The pH, ethanol, volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid and ammonia concentrations were also monitored throughout the experiment. C. estertheticum did not survive the ensiling process, regardless of treatment. In contrast, C. gasigenes grew in the early stages and was detected during the entirety of the fermentation for all treatments. Based on these observations, it was concluded that the silage fermentation process described would not remove C. gasigenes and contaminated grass may result in contaminated feed for animals.