Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Year Response of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings to Controlled-Release Fertilizer Applied at Planting

Four controlled-release fertilizers (fast release (FR), moderate release (MR), slow release (SR) and slow release with micronutrients extended (ME)) were applied, at rates of 0, 5, 15 and 30 g/seedling, to ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws) immediately after planting. Compared to the controls, the 5 and15 g/seedling of FR or ME fertilizer produced significantly greater caliper growth and the 5 and 15 g/ seedling of ME fertilizer and 15 and 30 g of FR fertilizer produced significantly greater height growth after 3 yr. Mortality occurred mainly during the first growing season and varied substantially with fertilizer types and dosage. High dosage (30 g/seedling) generally caused more mortality than other dosage levels. Seventy-eight, 54, 51, and 36% of total nutrients had been released from the FR, MR, SR and ME products, respectively, by late August of the first growing season. Early in the second growing season, the FR product had released 98% of its total nutrients, and the MR, SR, and ME products had released over 90% of their nutrients. The best fertilizer treatment, 15 g of the ME product, produced a 21% diameter increase and a 30% height increase 3 yr after treatment. The relative magnitude of the growth responses is similar to those observed from other adjacent placement, controlled-release, seedling fertilization studies in the Northwest. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):154-164.
RATScope: Recording and Reconstructing Missing RAT Attacks for Forensic Analysis with Semantics on Windows

Remote Access Trojan (RAT)-based attacks have become prevalent, which represent a serious threat to enterprise security. To understand ramification of RAT attacks and discloses attackers’ actions, forensic systems need first to record sufficient audit logs for a long period of time and then to reconstruct accurate fine-grained semantic RAT behaviors. However, existing forensic systems either are blind to RAT behaviors or incur high overhead. To address these problems above, we propose RATScope, an instrumentation-free semantic-aware forensic system for RAT attacks on Windows. Specifically, we build a more comprehensive audit system upon the Windows built-in Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), and propose a novel technique to reconstruct semantic behaviors of RATs on recorded data. Evaluation results on a representative set of RAT attacks from 2006 to 2017 show that our system can accurately identify fine-grained semantic behaviors of unknown RAT with trivial overhead.
Temperature habitats for freshwater fishes in a warming climate

The effects of global warming on the six freshwater fish species, whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)), brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), bream (Abramis brama (L.)), roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)), perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), and pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca (L.)), were studied on the basis of temperature scenarios made by the weather generator and the PROBE model. Two theoretical indices were used to evaluate the effects of warming on the fish species: temperature sum of growth habitat and the number of days when water temperature was above the lowest stress level. The results showed that cool- and warmwater species will benefit from warming in the whole of Finland while the habitats of coldwater species will shrink primarily in southern Finland. For all the selected species the growing season will start earlier, but for the coldwater species (whitefish and brown trout) epilimnic temperatures will rise above stress levels during the summer. This may cause population collapses of these species in the shallow lakes of southern Finland. The range of bream and pikeperch may shift northward to cover the whole of Finland by 2060.
Hidden complexity: exploring the biogeography of dune grass root fungi with next generation sequencing

Thesis chapter 4 published as a journal article. 'Scattered far and wide: A broadly distributed temperate dune grass finds familiar fungal root associates in its invasive range'. (September 2017). Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 112, pp. 177–190. http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0038071716304990
Weather Mediated Impacts on the Breeding Output of an Afro-Palearctic Migratory Waterbird

Understanding the consequences of changing environmental conditions on the demographic parameters of migratory species is key for addressing the widely reported declines for many of these species. We explore the variation in reproductive investment and output of Purple Herons (Ardea purpurea) in two breeding seasons, with very different precipitation levels but similar temperatures. Despite similar investment in egg volume, reproductive output in the drier year was less than half of the wetter year (∼1.9 vs ∼4.1 chicks per pair) due to weather mediated higher predation. The current predictions of erratic precipitation and warming may threaten the breeding output of waterbirds, if water levels are unsuitable during the breeding season.
Oral and Ocular Safety Profile of Whole Plant Aqueous Extract of Heliotropium indicum L. in Rodents

Heliotropium indicum is used in folk medicine in Ghana and elsewhere in Africa to manage systemic and ocular disorders (some of which are chronic) amidst inadequate safety data. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the toxic effect of medium term (sub-chronic) oral and ocular uses of the rodents to provide an initial predictive safety consequence for human usage. Subchronic toxicity (30-300 mg kgG1) and ocular toxicity studies of whole plant aqueous (0.5-2% w/v) extract of H. indicum were conducted in rats and rabbits, respectively. Blood samples were assessed for biochemical and hematological parameters. Organ, such as, the liver, kidney, lungs and spleen were assessed for histopathological signs of toxicity. For the ocular toxicity study, rabbits were assessed for conjunctival, corneal and iris defect by the use of a slit lamp biomicroscope. Blood biochemistry revealed significant (p#0.05-0.01) elevations in direct bilirubin levels in all treatment groups but significant (p#0.01-0.001) reductions in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels at all dose levels. Rats treated with 100 mg kgG1 further showed a significant reduction (p#0.01) in albumin levels but triglycerides were significantly (p#0.05) elevated. Only rats treated with 300 mg kgG1 HIE extract showed significant (p#0.01) reduction in blood urea nitrogen levels. Repeated exposure of rats to different doses of extract over the 30 day period produced subtle patho-morphological changes in the kidney, liver, spleen except the lungs. The extracts caused no significant damage to the cornea, iris and conjunctival tissues at various time points (p>0.05). Per the findings, the extract used was safe upon topical ocular application however, medium term oral use induced subtle kidney, liver and spleen toxicities.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, METABOLIC AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES STUDIES IN MRIGAL (Cirrhinus mrigala) JUVENILES FED GRADED LEVELS OF CARBOHYDRATE

A 45-days experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth performance, digestive enzymes activities along with their gene expression in mrigal fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) fed with graded levels of carbohydrate. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing either 30, 40 or 50% carbohydrate were formulated using purified ingredients. One hundred and eight fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala (av. wt. 5.83- 6.08g) were equally distributed in three in three groups in 9 plastic tanks of 100L capacity each. Each of the three experimental diets was fed triplicate groups of fish held under natural light cycle of 12h daylight and 12h darkness. Weight Gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and hepato-somatic index (HSI) were evaluated and found to vary significantly (P 0.05) was found in % weight gain, SGR, and FCR between the 30 and 50% carbohydrate fed groups but the HSI increased significantly across the inclusion levels. Amylase enzyme activity was highest in 40% fed group relative to the 30 and 50% counterpart. Chymotrypsin and trypsin activities were not significantly different between the 40 and 50 % carbohydrate fed groups . Various metabolic enzyme activities in the muscle (aspartate amino transfarase (AST), alkaline amino transaminase (ALT) and malate dehydrogenase (DH) varied significantly (P<0.05) in response to increased levels of carbohydrate. Gene expression among the digestive enzymes reflected both transitional and translation effect; amylase and trypsin exhibited higher expression with the increasing level of carbohydrate of the experimental diets but the reverse was the result for chymotrypsin expression. Gene expression over study period had an initial higher significant The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open-access journal at http://www.siamb. org.il. To read papers free of charge, please register online at registration form. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Tepung Kedelai sebagai Bahan Pengikat terhadap Kadar Air dan MutuOrganoleptik Nugget Ikan Gabus(Ophiocephalus Sriatus)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan tepung kedelai pada pembuatan nugget ikan gabus (Ophiocephalus Sriatus) terhadap kadar air dan mutu organoleptik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh penambahan tepung kedelai terhadap kadar air nugget ikan gabus. Tidak ada pengaruh penambahan tepung kedelai dengan mutu organoleptik (atribut warna) (? > 0,05). Serta ada pengaruh terrhadap penambahan tepung kedelai dengan mutu organoleptik (atribut rasa dan tekstur) (? < 0,05). Penelitian ini dapat dilanjutkan dengan pengaruh konsentrasi penambahan tepung kedelai terhadap daya simpan nugget. Kata Kunci: Nugget, Bahan Pengikat, Kedelai, Ikan Gabus
Effects of Substrate Water Content on Morphology and Physiology of Rosemary, Canadian Columbine, and Cheddar Pink

Two experiments were conducted to determine how different substrate volu- metric water contents ( u equals volume of water per volume of substrate) affected morphology and physiology of three popular perennials using a capacitance sensor- automated irrigation system. In the ﬁrst study, rosemary ( Rosmarinus ofﬁcinalis ) was grown at one of eight u set points ranging from 0.05 to 0.40 L · L L 1 . In the second study, Canadian columbine ( Aquilegia canadensis ‘Pink Lanterns’) and cheddar pink ( Dianthus gratianopolitanus ‘Bath’s Pink’) were grown at one of nine u set points ranging from 0.05 to 0.45 L · L L 1 . Total leaf number and area as well as shoot fresh and dry weight of rosemary plants grown at u of 0.20 L · L L 1 or greater were approximately twice that of those grown at lower u . Canadian columbine height increased as u increased. Leaf area of cheddar pink grown at u of 0.35 L · L L 1 or higher was twice that of plants grown at the lowest u . Shoot dry weight of Canadian columbine was not signiﬁcantly affected by u . Shoot dry weight of cheddar pink responded quadratically to increasing u and peaked at u of 0.35 L · L L 1 . u also signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced photosynthetic activities; net photosynthetic rate (A N ) and stomatal conductance ( g s ) of Canadian columbine increased with increasing
A practical future-scenarios selection tool to breed for heat tolerance in Australian dairy cattle

Climate change will have an impact on dairy cow performance. When heat stressed, animals consume less feed, followed by a decline in milk yield. Previously, we have found that there is genetic variation in this decline. Selection for increased milk production, a major breeding objective, is expected to reduce heat tolerance (HT), as these traits are genetically unfavourably correlated. We aimed to develop a future-scenarios selection tool to assist farmers in making selection decisions, that combines the current national dairy selection index, known as the balanced performance index (BPI), with a proposed HT genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV). Heat-tolerance GEBV was estimated for 12 062 genotyped cows and 10 981 bulls, using an established genomic-prediction equation. Publicly available future daily average temperature and humidity data were used to estimate mean daily temperature–humidity index for each dairy herd. An economic estimate of an individual cow’s heat-tolerance breeding value (BV_HT) was calculated by multiplying head-tolerance GEBVs for milk, fat and protein by their respective economic values that are already used in the BPI. This was scaled for each region by multiplying BV_HT by the heat load, which is the temperature–humidity index units exceeding the threshold per year at a particular location. BV_HT were incorporated into the BPI as: BPI_HT = BPI + BV_HT; where BPI_HT is the ‘augmented BPI’ breeding value including HT. A web-based application was developed enabling farmers to predict the future heat load of a herd and take steps to aim at genetic improvement in future generations by selecting bulls and cows that rank high for the ‘augmented BPI’.
Discovery and Evolutionary Analyses of Abiotic Stress-Regulated MicroRNAs in Crops

Author(s): Wu, Zhigang | Advisor(s): Liu, Renyi | Abstract: Abiotics stresses such as drought, cold, and salt are very pervasive in modern agriculture, which cause tremendous yield loss each year worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses. To understand the roles of miRNAs in crop responses to abiotic stresses, we used next-generation sequencing techniques to profile the small RNA population in crops with and without stress treatments. We identified many novel as well as stress-regulated miRNAs in: cowpea, rice, maize and sorghum. Specifically, we identified 157 candidate miRNAs in cowpea, 227 in rice, 298 in maize and 407 in sorghum, many of which are novel. We identified 44, 28, 31 and 42 stress-regulated miRNAs in cowpea, rice, maize and sorghum, respectively. Interestingly, majority (81%) of stress-regulated miRNAs in maize were cold stress-regulated, while the majority (79%) in sorghum are drought stress-regulated. We further show that the gain of species-specific miRNA families, rather than family expansion, is responsible for different stress tolerance in maize and sorghum. We provided solid evidence to show that 80 of rice candidate miRNAs originated from MITEs and transposons. Additionally, homology search and structural analysis in collinear regions of maize, sorghum and rice recovered another 26, 10 and 3 miRNAs in maize, sorghum and rice, respectively. We provided clear evidence for orthologous and paralogous miRNA gene expression diversification by northern blot and/or digital expression analysis. Finally, we estimated that the birth rate of miRNAs in cereal genome was 23.55 genes per million years and the death rate was 0.63 and 17.01 genes per million years for orthologous and paralogous miRNA genes, respectively.
Evaluation of different chilli Genotypes for Growth, Phenological Behaviour and Physical fruit Parameters in Kymore plateau region of Madhya Pradesh

In this work a field study was conducted at the Horticulture complex, Maharajpur, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during Rabi season in Randomized Block Design with three replications with row and plant spacing was maintained at 60 cm and 50 cm respectively to investigate the most suitable genotype of chilli under agro-climatic region of (Jabalpur) Madhya Pradesh. The present investigation is carried out to study the Growth, Phenological Behaviour and fruit yield, quality parameters in 18 genotypes of chilli which were found significantly. In the experimental material plant height at 30 DAT, 60DAT, 90DAT, 120DAT and 150DAT (days after transplanting) was observed maximum in genotype 2014/CHIVAR-9 (937.22, 60.53, 65.63, 73.43 and 74.21 cm) respectively. The maximum number of branches per plant was recorded in 2014/CHIVAR-6 at harvest stage. In Phenological behaviour of genotype 2014/CHIVAR-8 was found to be earliest (32.00 days) for days to first flowering, Days to 50% flowering (53.33 days). Some desirable physical fruit parameters like fruit behaviour, Fruit shape, fruit colour, were recorded for these genotypes of chilli.
TRITURUS VITTATUS (JENYNS), GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND TAXONOMIC SUBDIVISION

ABSTRACT Triturus vittatus (Jenyns, 1835) has been subdivided in 5 subspecies: in addition to the typical subspecies, ophryticus Berthold, 1846, excubitor Wolterstorff, 1905, ciliciensis Wolterstorff, 1906, and chuldaensis Bodenheimer, 1926, have been proposed. While the rather peculiar ssp. ophryticus is considered to be valid, the analysis of characters recorded for the other subspecies shows that over the whole range of geographic distribution no population has been found which justifies the subspecific division suggested by various authors.
Burrowing Owl Diet at a Migratory Stopover Site and Wintering Ground on Southeast Farallon Island, California

Abstract On the Farallon Islands, 48 km west of the coast of central California, Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) are a native migrant and a predator of the nonnative house mouse (Mus musculus) and the native Ashy Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma homochroa). Previous research showed that Burrowing Owl predation on Ashy Storm-Petrels is likely unnaturally exacerbated by the abundance of house mouse prey in the fall, which may encourage more owls to overwinter. When the cyclic mouse population crashes in winter, the owls switch to preying upon the storm-petrels, a species of conservation concern. From September 2010 to May 2011, we conducted daily owl surveys and a diet study of Burrowing Owls on Southeast Farallon Island. One goal was to document seasonal changes in Burrowing Owl diet composition through collection and assessment of pellets. During our study period, 12 banded owls overwintered for an average of 118 d and contributed 64% of the 679 analyzed owl pellets. Insects were the most numerous prey item detected in pellets, but mice and storm-petrels made up 98.5% of the total prey biomass in the diet. Mouse consumption correlated positively with mouse abundance, and owls exhibited seasonal prey-switching behavior from mice to storm-petrels, when mouse abundance declined during the winter. Our findings suggest that a mouse eradication program on the Farallon Islands would result in fewer owls overwintering and subsequently reduce negative effects on the storm-petrel population.
PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GROWING RABBITS AS AFFECTED BY WEANING AGE

SUMMARY Main big problems which face meat production in commercial rabbit breeds are high mortality rate after weaning and decreased growth rate during fattening period of broiler rabbits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the doe-offspring relationship through prolongation of weaning period on growth rate parameters and mortality percentages during high growth rate period (first 10 weeks of age in rabbits). A total of 150 of growing bunnies rabbit of New Zealand White rabbit were divided into two groups. The first group was weaned at 35 days of age (control group). While, the second group was weaned at 60 days of age. Growth rate measurements, mortality rate, blood metabolites levels and marketing weight at 10 weeks of age were determined. Blood samples were collected to assay blood metabolites levels of total protein, total lipids, glucose, creatinine and urea nitrogen during experimental period in blood serum samples. Data showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups in most of the studied traits. Where, weaning at 60 days of age enabled growing rabbit pups to reach a higher body weight at marketing age (10 weeks). Marketing body weight averaged 1.845±0.48 (Kg) and 1.650 ± 0.35 Kg for delayed weaning and control group, respectively. It could be concluded that weaning at 60 days of age is better to get a higher marketing weights and high economic efficiency values for rabbit meat production especially under extensive and semi-intensive rabbit breeding programs.
Variation of soil microbial biomass carbon,soil microbial biomass nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization potential in different soil types on the Loess Plateau

Studying soil microbial biomass carbon(BC),microbial biomass nitrogen(BN) and nitrogen mineralization potential(N0) has significance for evaluating the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil.We measured BC,BN and N0 of four main soil types on the Loess Plateau: Eum Orthic Anthrosols,Hap Ustic Isohumisols,Los Orthic Entisols and Ust Sandic Entisols.Soil samples were collected from the surface of twenty-five locations.The chloroform fumigation extraction method was used to measure microbial carbon and microbial nitrogen in the soils.A long-term alternate leaching aerobic incubation method was used to measure nitrogen mineralization potential of the soils.The results indicated that there were significant differences in the BC,BN,and N0 among the soil types.The values of BC,BN,and N0 declined as the sampling locations moved northward from the Guanzhong plain to the sandy regions in northern Shaanxi Province.The values of BC,BN and N0 were highest in Eum Orthic Anthrosols,intermediate in Los Orthic Entisols and Ust Sandic Entisols,and lowest in Hap Ustic Isohumisols.The values of BC averaged 305.2 μg. g-1 for Eum Orthic Anthrosols,108.4 μg·g-1 for Hap Ustic Isohumisols,161. 7μg·g-1 for Los Orthic Entisols and 125.4 μg·g-1 for Ust Sandic Entisols.The values of BN were 43.8 μg·g-1 for Eum Orthic Anthrosols,20.3 μg·g-1 for Hap Ustic Isohumisols,26.0 μg. g-1 for Los Orthic Entisols,and 30.6 μg·g-1 for Ust Sandic Entisols.The values of N0 were 223 μg·g-1 for Eum Orthic Anthrosols,75 μg·g-1 for Hap Ustic Isohumisols,163 μg. g-1 for Los Orthic Entisols,and 193 μg·g-1 for Ust Sandic Entisols.The mineralization rate constants(k) were highest in Hap Ustic Isohumisols,intermediate in Eum Orthic Anthrosols and Los Orthic Entisols,and lowest in Ust Sandic Entisols.The mineralization rate constants were 0.039 w-1 for Eum Orthic Anthrosols,0.044 w-1 for Hap Ustic Isohumisols,0.031 w-1 for Los Orthic Entisols,and 0.019 w-1 for Ust Sandic Entisols.The differences of BC,BN and N0 among most soil types on the Loess Plateau result from the effect of soil forming factors such as climate,topography,parent material,and living organisms.The latter factor includes human activities such as the application of organic fertilizer and the reshaping of the land form through the construction of terraces.This paper provides a reference and guide for analyzing the processes affecting soil fertility on the Loess Plateau.
Evaluation of the biogenic amine-production ability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tofu-misozuke

Tofu-misozuke is a traditional fermented food in Japan, and contains biogenic amines that function as neurotransmitters, but are toxic when consumed at high levels. Analysis of the amine production of bacterial communities is important for controlling the amine content in fermented foods. We investigated the bacterial community and biogenic amine content of tofu-misozuke. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ratio in the community and tyramine content were highly related. LAB were isolated to identify the biogenic amine-producing species. Isolated strains from tofu-misozuke were identified, and their tyramine formation potential was evaluated by PCR detection of the tyrosine decarboxylase gene and by cultivation tests. We detected three tyramine-producing bacteria, Enterococcus faecium, Weissella viridescens, and Lactobacillus curvatus, in tofu-misozuke.