Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of Agricultural Extension Agents Towards the Performance of Project-Based Extension Delivery on Food Security in Ghana

Agricultural extension agents in Ghana's Upper East Region relied on project-based extension delivery services during the Covid-19 period. Using the perspectives of extension agents, this research looked at the effect of project-based extension delivery services on food security. A sample size of 144 agricultural extension agents from three distinct zones in the Region participated in this research, which used a descriptive correlation survey approach. Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, correlation coefficients, and regression were used to analyse the data. In terms of effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, and economics, the project-based extension delivery service performed well. In terms of stability, food security was excellent. Food security and efficiency, relevance, and economics have a favorable and very significant association. Economy, efficiency, and age had 79% explanation for food security. On the perceived degree of food security, there was a substantial difference between male and female agricultural extension agents. The impact of project-based extension delivery services on food security was significant. The Ministry of Food and Agriculture should provide enough logistics, training, and incentive for agricultural extension agents to enhance information delivery.
Sports Participation and Osteoarthritis in Females: A Systematic Review

Sports participation and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA) have been a concern for decades. Few research efforts have been dedicated to clarify this issue for females, although they are considered at greater risk of developing OA than males. In contrast, several reviews have established an association between sports participation and OA for males. The aim of the systematic review was to assess the association between OA and participation in popular sports for females. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched and yielded 578 articles. Nine eligible studies were included and covered ballet (age range: 19–54 years), running or tennis (age range: 40–65 years), Olympic sports (age range: not specified), volleyball (age range: 16.0 ± 0.8 to 46.8 ± 5.1 years), and cross-country skiing (age range: 15 to ≥60 years). For females, participating in sports at an elite level was associated with a higher risk of OA and an increased need for surgical treatment. At non-elite level, it was associated with a higher risk of OA, but it did not materialize to an increased risk for surgical treatment. Few studies compared females and males, and these studies suggested that sex did not affect the risk of developing OA from participating in sports. Nevertheless, to isolate the precise effect of sports participation on the development of OA remains difficult as injuries are common among athletes and are independently associated with an increased risk of OA.
Linking Structure and Function of Microbial Communities Responsible for Sedimentary Nitrogen Processes in North Carolina Estuaries

Estuaries and coastal areas are highly diverse and productive ecosystems that serve as critical habitats for many marine organisms. Anthropogenic activities and changes in coastal land use have resulted in nutrient over-enrichment, posing a threat to the ecological integrity of estuaries. Nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient and its dynamics are central in determining coastal ecosystem health. The cycling and removal of nitrogen is primarily microbially mediated and the structure of these microbial communities is tightly interlaced with ecosystem function. Recycling processes nitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) serve as a conduit for loss when coupled to the removal processes of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). These processes occur simultaneously in estuarine sediments and are influenced by a suite of environmental factors. Understanding these interactions within the complex microbial communities, how microbial community structure responds to environmental changes, and how this relates to ecosystem function is a challenging but important goal in microbial ecology and particularly relevant in today’s changing world, as climate change and sea level rise are eminent threats to coastal ecosystems. This study identified geomorphological, hydrological, and biogeochemical features, including water residence time, sediment %organics, nutrient availability, salinity, and hydrogen sulfide, that are important in controlling the community structures of nitrogen cycling microbes and their activities. Quantitative criteria were established to identify and assess the role of nitrogen removal hotspots in estuarine sediments. Specific groups of denitrifying and anammox bacteria with a higher nitrogen removal capacity were identified, suggesting the community composition is important in ecosystem function. Additionally, niche differentiation of nitrifying microbes was unveiled by linking their physiology to specific environmental parameters. Examination of microbial community structure and its response to environmental conditions combined with measurements of biogeochemical rates enabled the linkage of nitrogen cycling members with particular functions, a theme addressed throughout this dissertation. Linking Structure and Function of Microbial Communities Responsible for Sedimentary Nitrogen Processes in North Carolina Estuaries CHAPTER
How Do Online Reviews on YouTube Construct Perception?

Online reviews are a step to communicate various brands or products. Product reviews usually contain product features, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as other products for comparison. Electronic product reviews conducted online on YouTube channels are the object of this research. With certain criteria, five videos were obtained as review objects that will be studied in this research. The 458 dataset of audience comments on this review will be studied qualitatively using machine learning in the form of software of Nvivo, as well as internet ethnography and pragmatics. From the analysis results, it is known that each electronic product review video provides positive, negative or neutral perceptions and attitudes from the audience. Audience sentiment is formed from product features, images of reviewers, how it was reviewed, and product image. By the limitation of the research, it needs to be developed further with different methods and objects to provide more input to producers or reviewers.
What Is the Most Effective Frictionless Method for Retracting Anterior Teeth When Using Buccal Fixed-Appliance Therapy? A Systematic Review

There are various techniques and designs for springs used in orthodontic treatment, including frictionless methods for closing spaces. However, there is limited explicit evidence to support the superiority of one method over another. This review aims to investigate the available evidence and highlight the advantages of these different methods. This review contained six papers, and information such as study design, spring design, applied force systems, variables studied, follow-up period, and records were extracted. All of the studies focused on canine retraction with the Ladanyi spring showing the highest rate of movement (1.8 mm per month) among all springs for upper canine retraction. The Gjessing and T-loop springs outperformed the Reverse Closing Loop and Ricketts spring, respectively, substantially. In terms of tip control, the T-loop spring showed a clear advantage over the modified Marcotte spring with a difference of 1.2° vs. 6.6° per 3 months. Additionally, it was observed that the Reverse Closing Loop caused a significant loss of anchorage during canine retraction with a medial movement of 2.4 mm. When comparing wire types, no significant differences were found between TMA and Nitinol, while stainless steel was found to be less effective in terms of movement rate and tip control. However, the results indicated that there was no clear evidence that one specific technique was definitively preferable to another; therefore, there is an urgent need for more studies with proper study designs to produce more robust conclusions.
Ocean: Reflections on a Century of Exploration

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Creating Truth Data to Quantify the Accuracy of Cloud Forecasts from Numerical Weather Prediction and Climate Models

Clouds are critical in mechanisms that impact climate sensitivity studies, air quality and solar energy forecasts, and a host of aerodrome flight and safety operations. However, cloud forecast accuracies are seldom described in performance statistics provided with most numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models. A possible explanation for this apparent omission involves the difficulty in developing cloud ground truth databases for the verification of large-scale numerical simulations. Therefore, the process of developing highly accurate cloud cover fraction truth data from manually generated cloud/no-cloud analyses of multispectral satellite imagery is the focus of this article. The procedures exploit the phenomenology to maximize cloud signatures in a variety of remotely sensed satellite spectral bands in order to create accurate binary cloud/no-cloud analyses. These manual analyses become cloud cover fraction truth after being mapped to the grids of the target datasets. The process is demonstrated by examining all clouds in a NAM dataset along with a 24 h WRF cloud forecast field generated from them. Quantitative comparisons with the cloud truth data for the case study show that clouds in the NAM data are under-specified while the WRF model greatly over-predicts them. It is concluded that highly accurate cloud cover truth data are valuable for assessing cloud model input and output datasets and their creation requires the collection of satellite imagery in a minimum set of spectral bands. It is advocated that these remote sensing requirements be considered for inclusion into the designs of future environmental satellite systems.
Rethinking teacher education in/for challenging times: reconciling enduring tensions, imagining new possibilities

ABSTRACT Teacher education is facing global challenges that are mutually concerning to educators around the world. Those who teach teachers are being called upon to rethink their purpose, method and stance, as the very notion of what a teacher should know and be able to do is dramatically changing. This issue offers stories of rethinking as teacher educators use crises to create opportunities for transformation. Their narratives illustrate dilemmas, many of which are ongoing. Our paper begins with a discussion of four enduring dilemmas or tensions that have long plagued and puzzled teacher educators. We then turn to three themes that emerge from the articles in this issue and offer a lens for reimagining the tensions laid out earlier so as to work our way into a different reality for teacher education. We conclude with thoughts about challenges relating to emerging practice areas and timely improvements we need to meet them.
Évolution géodynamique de la province côtière sud-équatorienne au Crétacé supérieur-Tertiaire

L'analyse des series de la peninsule equatorienne fondee sur les observations stratigraphiques, sedimentologiques et tectoniques ainsi que des donnees industrielles (profils sismiques, forages) permet de preciser revolution geodynamique de cette region, l'un des plus anciens champ petrolier du monde. Trois grandes etapes sont distinguees, avant pendant et apres la collision de ce terrain oceanique avec l'Amerique du Sud. Durant l'etape pre-collisionnelle (Aptien superieur - Paleocene superieur 108-Ma) la region est un domaine oceanique ; apres mise en place d'une croute oceanique (Pinon) s'installe un systeme d'arc insulaire intraoceanique qui tend a emerger et dont les produits alimentent la sedimentation. Ce systeme entre en collision avec l'Amerique du Sud vers la limite Paleocene-Eocene et subit des deformations et des rotations de blocs qui aboutiront a une emersion generalisee a la fin de l'Oligocene. A partir du Miocene inferieur et jusqu'a nos jours (24-0 Ma) la province cotiere equatorienne constitue le systeme d'avant-arc associe a la subduction de la lithosphere oceanique de Nazca sous la plaque americaine. Cette subduction oblique est la cause d'une deformation non homogene. Le domaine cotier est tronconne par des failles majeures jouant en decrochement (systeme Guayaquil, Carrizal, La Cruz, Jipijapa) determinant l'apparition de bassins en transtension caracterises par une subsidence importante durant le Neogene. La lithosphere qui entre en subduction comporte des dorsales asismiques qui du fait de l'obliquite balayent la marge americaine entrainant d'importants mouvements verticaux.
Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge about the Segregation Process of Infectious Medical Waste Management in a Hospital

Any hospital’s primary goal is to restore human health and save lives through health services provided to patients, but at the same time, hazardous wastes are produced. Inconsistent management of unsafe wastes might cause adverse effects and other issues for workers, the environment, and public health. Segregation is considered the critical stage in successful medical waste management. Mixing hazardous medical waste with non-hazardous medical waste will be avoided by correctly applying practices at the segregation stage. This study aimed to assess personnel’s knowledge about infectious medical waste and segregation practices used at six wards in Nicosia General Hospital. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. The Statistical Package of Social Science (SPPS) version 25 was used with a minimum statistical significance of α = 0.05. The study population was nurses, nurse assistants, ward assistants, and cleaners working at the study wards. Out of 191 questionnaires, 82 were received, with a response rate of 42.93%. Most participants were female (72%) and nurses (85.4%). Participants had moderate knowledge about infectious medical waste management and good knowledge regarding segregation practices applied in their ward. Segregation was not carried out as it should have been, since most participants stated that infectious medical waste was mixed with non-hazardous medical waste. The number of correct answers the participants gave regarding the colour-coding of different medical waste categories was 67.5%, and only four answered correctly to all questions. Although participants knew segregation practices and the colour-coding process applied to medical waste, they did not use them satisfactorily. They applied methods regarding segregation without specific training, knowledge and guidance. Due to the issue’s importance, training programs must be implemented and performed.
May Female Autism Spectrum Be Masked by Eating Disorders, Borderline Personality Disorder, or Complex PTSD Symptoms? A Case Series

Introduction: The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is four times higher in males than females; however, females are significantly more likely to go undiagnosed due to the existence of a “female autistic phenotype”, a manifestation unique to females that conflicts with conventional, masculine conceptualizations of ASD. Furthermore, subthreshold autistic traits, which exert a significantly negative impact on quality of life and represent a vulnerability factor for the development of other psychopathological conditions, may remain even more under-recognized. Subsequently, many women with ASD may never receive a diagnosis or any resulting care, with serious consequences for their health. Aims: We aimed to describe two brief cases in order to confirm the diagnostic difficulties that ASD female undergo during their clinical evaluation and the possible alternative phenotype that they can manifest. Methods: We reported the cases of two young women on the autism spectrum that came to clinical attention only after the development of severe symptomatology attributed to other mental disorders, overlooking the presence of underlying autism spectrum features and a brief résumé of the literature on this topic. Results: These cases confirm the need for a timely and proper identification of females on the autism spectrum in order to prevent complications and improve the outcome. Conclusions: Research on gender differences could lead to a reexamination of the sex ratio in the prevalence of ASD and provide a better understanding of several psychiatric conditions that are frequently diagnosed in women, supporting the neurodevelopmental approach to psychopathology.
Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Actuating Stem/Progenitor Cell Repair Mechanisms: Different Functions in Different Cells

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent one of the bridges that regulate the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems. TLRs interact with molecules shared and preserved by the pathogens of origin but also with endogenous molecules (damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)) that derive from injured tissues. This is probably why TLRs have been found to be expressed on several kinds of stem/progenitor cells (SCs). In these cells, the role of TLRs in the regulation of the basal motility, proliferation, differentiation processes, self-renewal, and immunomodulation has been demonstrated. In this review, we analyze the many different functions that the TLRs assume in SCs, pointing out that they can have different effects, depending on the background and on the kind of ligands that they recognize. Moreover, we discuss the TLR involvement in the response of SC to specific tissue damage and in the reparative processes, as well as how the identification of molecules mediating the differential function of TLR signaling could be decisive for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Considering the available studies on TLRs in SCs, here we address the importance of TLRs in sensing an injury by stem/progenitor cells and in determining their behavior and reparative activity, which is dependent on the conditions. Therefore, it could be conceivable that SCs employed in therapy could be potentially exposed to TLR ligands, which might modulate their therapeutic potential in vivo. In this context, to modulate SC proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation in the pathological environment, we need to better understand the mechanisms of action of TLRs on SCs and learn how to control these receptors and their downstream pathways in a precise way. In this manner, in the future, cell therapy could be improved and made safer.
Inverted basins in the Netherlands, similarities and differences

All Dutch rift basins that formed during Jurassic and Early Cretaceous extension have been inverted during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary. Several inversion pulses occurred more or less simultaneously in all basins. Analysis of vitrinite reflectance data, in combination with fission track and fluid inclusion data show that the magnitude of uplift and erosion generally did not exceed 2 km. Inversion was strongest in the Broad Fourteens, Central Netherlands and West Netherlands basins. The direction of maximum compressive stress was generally not at right angles to the pre-existing fault trends, and resulted in transpressional movements. Within the NW-SE striking basins, dextral strike-slip movements can often be interpreted, which is consistent with a general N-S to NNW-SSE direction of maximum compression related to Alpine structural events. Where no Zechstein salt is present, trends of flower structures formed through reverse reactivation of pre-existing faults. Where the Zechstein salt is thick, re-activated faults could not breach the salt, and a broad uplift of the post-salt succession resulted, while faulting below the salt caused acceleration of halokinesis. In areas where the Zechstein salt was thin, and where the offsets of reverse faults exceeded the thickness of the salt, impressive thrusts with the Zechstein salt as detachment horizon developed. The later Tertiary inversion pulses did not affect all basins, and caused broad basin uplift in the West and Central Netherlands basins while individual faults were no longer reactivated. It appears that due to crustal thickening during the first inversion pulses the crust could become stabilised such that further compression could only be accommodated by broad basin uplift.
Development of PBL-based lichens diversity e-module to improve students' problem-solving skills

Problem-solving skills are important things everyone needs to have to improve their quality of life. The results of a needs analysis carried out on Biology students at the State University of Malang show that their problem-solving abilities are still relatively low in lichen diversity material. This research aims to determine the development of PBL-based lichens diversity e-module and its influence on students' problem-solving skills completeness e-module and its effect on students' problem-solving skills. This type of research is a development study (development research) with the ADDIE development model. This research was conducted at the State University of Malang in biology class with a sample size of 67 students. The research instrument uses problem-solving pretest and posttest sheets, as well as material expert questionnaires, media expert questionnaires, and practicality questionnaires from educators who will use the e-module. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that the e-module developed was a very good product and could be used in learning Lichen material. The results of the study stated that the e-module was effective in improving problem-solving skills (sig. ˂ 0.05). So, it can be concluded that the PBL-based e-module is effective for improving problem-solving skills in biology students of the State University of Malang.
Thirty Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease Unified by a Common Neuroimmune–Neuroinflammation Mechanism

One of the major obstacles confronting the formulation of a mechanistic understanding for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is its immense complexity—a complexity that traverses the full structural and phenomenological spectrum, including molecular, macromolecular, cellular, neurological and behavioural processes. This complexity is reflected by the equally complex diversity of risk factors associated with AD. However, more than merely mirroring disease complexity, risk factors also provide fundamental insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of AD as a neurodegenerative disorder since they are central to disease initiation and subsequent propagation. Based on a systematic literature assessment, this review identified 30 risk factors for AD and then extended the analysis to further identify neuroinflammation as a unifying mechanism present in all 30 risk factors. Although other mechanisms (e.g., vasculopathy, proteopathy) were present in multiple risk factors, dysfunction of the neuroimmune–neuroinflammation axis was uniquely central to all 30 identified risk factors. Though the nature of the neuroinflammatory involvement varied, the activation of microglia and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were a common pathway shared by all risk factors. This observation provides further evidence for the importance of immunopathic mechanisms in the aetiopathogenesis of AD.