Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain Neurosecretory Cytokines: Immune Response and Neuronal Survival

Neurosecretion of Cytokines by N. Paraventricularis and N. Supraopticus of Hypothalamus. - Discovery of New Neurosecretory Cytokines: Proline-rich Peptides Produced by N. Paraventricularis and N. Supraopticus of Hypothalamus. - Interaction of PRP-1 With Cytokines, Hormones and Neurotransmitters. - Antibacterial and Antiviral Activity of PRP-1 and Some Immunological Mechanisms of its Action. - PRP Regulation of T-Lymphocyte Development and Myelopoiesis. - Neuroprotective (Antineurodegenerative) Properties of PRP-1. - Effect of PRP-1 on Tumor Cells. - Basic Biochemical Mechanisms of PRP-1 Action in Different Pathologies.
Meat quality of Boer goat kids and Mutton Merino lambs 1. Commercial yields and chemical composition

Carcass measurements, commercial cuts and chemical composition of the meat of 32 Boer goat (BG) kids and 32 South African Mutton Merino (MM) lambs were investigated. Two pelleted diets (offered to 16 animals per species) with either a low (LE, 9.9 MJ/kg dry matter (DM)) or a high (HE, 12.1 MJ/kg DM) metabolizable energy level were offered, ad libitum, for either 28 or 56 days. Thereafter the animals were slaughtered and the carcasses dissected into South African commercial cuts. The 8-9-10-rib cut of each carcass was dissected and used for chemical analysis. MM had heavier carcasses (LE:19.87 v. 15.28 kg; HE:24.01 v. 17.05 kg), and proportionally heavier ribs and buttocks than BG and therefore one can expect higher prices for sheep carcasses than for those of goats. BG had significantly more moisture and protein and lower fat and energy values than MM. DM, fat and energy values increased with an increase in slaughter age in both species. BG had significantly higher concentrations of 11 of the 18 measured essential amino acids in their 8-9-10-rib cuts than the MM. Goat carcasses had higher Ca, K, Mg, Na and P levels than sheep carcasses, regardless of the diet offered. BG had a lower carcass cholesterol content than lamb (66.77 v. 99.28 mg/100g, respectively). Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1n9) acids comprised the greatest proportions of the fatty acids in the 8-9-10-rib cut. On both diets there was a significantly higher saturated to unsaturated (SFA:UFA) fatty acid ratio in lamb than in goat meat (LE:0.30 v. 0.845; HE 1.407 v. 0.892). It can be concluded that chemically the meat from young feedlot goats is not inferior to that of lamb, and since it has a higher protein percentage and lower fat, cholesterol and SFA it can be considered as a healthy food commodity. Since diet had little or no significant influence on the carcass weight distribution or chemical composition of the goats, BGs can be finished on a LE-diet in the feedlot. This may decrease the food cost significantly.
Organizational Agility Determinants and Performance: A Case of Pakistani Telecommunication Sector

This study examined the effect of organizational agility determinants on firm performance. Organizations are facing challenges to respond to uncertainties and technological advancement. Agile organizations have more capability to respond uncertain situations and challenges when occur. The analysis of 126respondents from telecom sectors revealed that Human Resource Agility (HRAg), Innovation Agility and technological advancement play significant role in enhancing organizational performance. This study will be beneficial for managers to boost organizational performance and gain agile position in the market. In this study recommendations will be helpful to conduct further research in future.
A multidisciplinary investigation of underlying pathways in ADHD : a study of ADHD genes, endophenotypes and phenotypes

3 STATEMENT OF WORK . 4 PUBLICATIONS . 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 7 LIST OF TABLES . 15 LIST OF FIGURES . 17 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 17 CHAPTER 1 THE ADHD PHENOTYPE AT A BEHAVIOURAL, GENETIC, COGNITIVE, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVEL . 20 1.1 ABSTRACT . 20 1.2 ADHD AS A CLINICAL DISORDER . 21 1.2.1 Historical context of the development of ADHD . 21 1.2.1.1 Historical origins of a disorder resembling ADHD . 21 1.2.1.2 Diagnostic origins of ADHD . 22 1.2.1.3 Current classification . 24 1.2.1.4 On-going refinement of operational diagnostic criteria . 24 1.2.2 ADHD epidemiology . 25 1.2.2.1 Prevalence of ADHD . 25 1.2.2. 2 Gender differences in ADHD . 26 1.2.2.3 Developmental trajectories of ADHD . 27 1.2.2.4 Psychiatric comorbidity. 29 1.2.3 Summary of ADHD as a clinical disorder . 30 1.3 BEHAVIOURAL GENETIC STUDIES OF ADHD . 30 1.3. 1 Clinical family studies . 30 1.3. 2 Overview of the twin method . 31 1.3. 2.1 The classical twin design . 33
Studies of site-selective glycosylation of dihydrofolate reductase

Glycosylation is important for many molecular processes, although how glycosylation contributes to glycoprotein structure and function is not entirely clear. Other than that, the study of many of these events is complicated by the fact that natural glycoproteins normally occur as mixtures of glycoforms, therefore the isolation or synthesis of homogenous glycoproteins is an important task. Previous studies on deglycosylated proteins have shown that glycosylation reduces their catalytic activity and increase thermal stability. Therefore, we hypothesize that similar effects may be observed in the naturally unglycosylated dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli (EcDHFR). Four different surface-exposed sites for the incorporation of a single cysteine residue were selected based on the protein crystal structure, which may or may not affect its dynamics. Homogeneous glycoproteins have been synthesized via chemoselective ligation of a glycosyl haloacetammide with the thiol of a cysteine, to produce site- selectively glycosylated forms of EcDHFR. Techniques such as mass spectrometry, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) visible spectroscopy and stopped-flow spectrophotometry have been used to identify and study the physical properties of different glycoforms of DHFR. Although there were some changes of the kinetic activity of the mutants of EcDHFR. the values were comparable to those of the wild-type protein. Interestingly, in four of the five cases studied. EcDHFRDM D87C, there was an increase in thermal stability upon site-selective glycosylation. The other mutants showed no effect. With the exception of the effect seen for the thermal stability of the D87C mutant, this is not in accordance with the original hypothesis. This suggest that the effect seen in the D87C mutant may be due to specific interactions of the carbohydrate moiety at certain points on the protein. An increase in resistance to thermal denaturation observed for proteins in sugar solutions may therefore also be due to binding of the sugars to specific sites on the protein. In conclusion, an effective method for the synthesis of homogeneous glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins has been developed and applied to the site selective glycosylation of EcDHFR. The results also suggested that the kinetic properties of EcDHFR are not significantly affected by glycosylation. It may be the large effects in terms of protein stability which due to glycosylation only occur in naturally glycosylated proteins, and not in the naturally unglycosylated EcDHFR.
PENGARUH KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK, SANKSI PERPAJAKAN, SISTEM ADMINISTRASI PERPAJAKAN MODERN, PENGETAHUAN KORUPSI, DAN TAX AMNESTY TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DI KPP PRATAMA SEMARANG

Taxpayer compliance is a situation where the taxpayer complies the entire obligation and commit the tax due. The Government's efforts in improving taxpayer compliance are the intensification and extensification taxes. The purpose of this research was to find out whether or not there is the influence of the tax payers consciousness, the tax penalties, the modern Tax Administration System, the knowledge of corruption and the tax amnesty toward the taxpayer compliance in KPP PratamaCandisari, Semarang.The population in this research totalled 67.453 taxpayers. The technique of sampling done by the method of convenience sampling with 120 sample taxpayers. The method to collecting the data used questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.used descriptive and multiple regression analysis. The result of this research showed that there is a significant influence of the taxpayer consciousness toward the taxpayer compliance 9.36%, tax penalties toward the taxpayer compliance 6.05%, the modern tax administration system toward the taxpayer compliance 4.97%, and the knowledge of corruption toward the taxpayer compliance 5.90% . The conclusion of this research showed that there is the influence of the taxpayer consciousness, tax penalties, the modern tax administration system, the knowledge of corruption and the tax amnesty toward the tax compliance. It is suggested that KPP PratamaCandisari conducts the tax socialization or the elucidation intensively and incessantly in order to increase the understanding of the tax amnesty and the taxpayer consciousness or society to the importance of paying the tax proper to amount and on time. The next researcher examines with the different object and adds another variable to find out the other factors which influence the taxpayer compliance. Keywords: Tax Payer Consciousness, Tax Penalties, Modern Tax Administration System, Knowledge of Corruption, Tax Amnesty, Taxpayer Compliance
Importance of niche quality for Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella nestling survival, development and body condition in its native and exotic ranges: the role of diet

The niche hypothesis predicts that some introduced species establish and spread successfully because their new environment provides expanded niche opportunities compared with their native environments. By investigating nestling survival, growth and body condition in relation to diet composition and prey abundance, we tested the prediction that the success of Yellow-hammers Emberiza citrinella in New Zealand could be explained by the availability of better quality food resources in its introduced range compared with its native range. We found that Yellowhammer nestlings in New Zealand were larger and heavier than those in Britain, but that nestling survival and body condition did not differ between countries. The preferred prey items, which had some influence on nestling development and survival, were more prevalent in the diet of nestlings in New Zealand, suggesting that nestlings in the introduced range had a superior quality diet. However, there was little evidence to support the prediction that the preferred prey were more abundant in the introduced range, implying that some other factor such as prey accessibility or adult fitness may account for the differences in diet between countries.
Polysaccharide in vegetativen und aggregationsreifen Amöben von Dictyostelium discoideum

Amoebae of the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, were grown in submerged culture on the following bacterial strains which differ with respect to the sugar composition of their somatic antigens (lipopolysaccharides): Salmonella london S from containing Lipid A, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), heptose, glucose, galactose, mannose and rhamnose; the R mutant Escherichia coli B/r, containing Lipid A, KDO, heptose, and glucose; and the R mutant Salmonella minnesota R595 containing Lipid A and KDO. While the two R strains were phagocytized spontaneously by the amoebae, the S strain S. london had to be opsonized by specific antiserum to promote phagocytosis. The amoebae were harvested either at the end of the exponential growth phase or in the aggregation competent stage of their development, i.e. 8 to 9 hours after exhaustion of the food bacteria. The yields of amoebae were independent of the bacterial strain used for cultivation and ranged from 30 to 40 g per 100 g of bacteria (dry weight). Amoebae and supernatant media (after dialysis) were extracted by the phenol-water method and the water-soluble extracts obtained were fractionated by centrifugation at 100,000 ×g (sediment: S fraction; supernatant: L fraction). No significant yields of lipoplysaccharide were obtained either from amoebae or from the culture media. However, substances with the serological specificity of the lipopolysaccharides of the food bacteria were detected in the L fraction of the amoebae during the growth phase and of the culture medium after food exhaustion. Gel filtration of these fractions as well as gaschromatography and quantitative determinations of their sugar constituents showed that these specific substances represent the polysaccharide moiety of the bacterial lipopolysaccharides. β-Hydroxymyristic acid which is a main constituent of lipid A was absent from the polysaccharides and could also not be detected in amoebae or culture media. Besides bacteria-specific polysaccharides the amoebae contained additional polysaccharides with sugars which are not present in the food bacteria, such as l-fucose and d-mannose. These amoebae-specific substances are the subject of further studies.
Contrary effects of jasmonate treatment of two closely related plant species on attraction of and oviposition by a specialist herbivore

Elevated jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in response to herbivory can induce wounded plants to produce defences against herbivores. In laboratory and field experiments we compared the effects of exogenous JA treatment to two closely related cabbage species on the host-searching and oviposition preference of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella. JA-treated Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) was less attractive than untreated Chinese cabbage to ovipositing DBM, while JA-treatment of common cabbage (B. oleracea) made plants more attractive than untreated controls for oviposition by this insect. Similar effects were observed when plants of the two species were damaged by DBM larvae. In the absence of insect-feeding, or JA application, Chinese cabbage is much more attractive to DBM than common cabbage. Inducible resistance therefore appears to occur in a more susceptible plant and induced susceptibility appears to occur in a more resistant plant, suggesting a possible balance mechanism between constitutive and inducible defences to a specialist herbivore.
Effect of the Ecological Horticultural Activity Program of the Nature School on Elementary School Student's Self-esteem and Sociability

In this study, we conducted pre- and post surveys on the nature school program implemented at Songchon-ri Camp Ground in Namyangju, Gyeonggi Province, organized by the Institute of Light Finders, targeting as treatment group, 73 elementary school students who participated in the horticultural activity program through weekend nature school in the wild and the control group, another 73 elementary students who did not participate. After an examination of self-esteem and sociability in treatment group and control group pre- and post-horticultural activity program, both self-esteem and its sub-areas in the control group improved at the P0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant increase at the P
EFFECT OF MARGIN DESIGNS AND PORCELAIN VENEERING ON ACCURACY OF BI LAYERED ZIRCONIA CROWN

Statement of problem: Degree of marginal discrepancy determines effectively success and failure of fixed restorations.Purpose: To evaluate the effect of porcelain veneering techniques on the marginal fit of bi- layered zirconia crown using four marginal designs.Materials and Methods: A 40 Plaster replicas were made from two master dies and divided into two main groups (20 for each) according to type of finish line. Each group subdivided into two subgroups (10 for each) to obtain the following groups {A1} shoulder without cervical collar {A2} shoulder with 1 mm cervical collar. {B1} chamfer without cervical collar {B2} chamfer with 1 mm cervical collar. Zirconia blanks were milled using CAD/CAM system to produce 40 zirconia copings. Then, Veneering of the copings was done. Vertical gap distances were measured at 18 predetermined points. Results: Veneering with porcelain exhibited statistical significant difference in mean values of marginal gap in both group {A1} and {B1}, while veneering with porcelain did not exhibit significant difference in both group {A2} and {B2} in comparison with the pre veneering state. Correlations based on the finish line design exhibited significant difference in mean values of marginal gap between all tested groups. Correlations based on presence or absence of cervical zirconia collar did not exhibited statistical significant difference between tested groups. On other hand, there were significant differences in mean values of marginal gap between tested groups in post veneering state, at the level of P value < 0.05. Conclusions: Marginal fit of the final crowns with chamfer finish lines were better than that with shoulder, however, veneering with porcelain significantly raised marginal gap distance of crowns with collarless shoulder and chamfer preparations, while in that designs with cervical collar, veneering was not significantly affected on the marginal gap distance for both finish line designs
Valor nutritivo da silagem de sorgo tratada com inoculantes enzimo-microbianos

Studies about microbial inoculation of sorghum silage are scarce. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of microbial inoculated sorghum silage in total digestibility in ovines. Eight male sheeps were assigned to a crossover design in two periods (8 animals/treatment). The treatments were: sorghum silage (28.9% DM and 7.7% CP, on average) control or microbial inoculated with Sill-All product ( S. faecium, P. acidilactici, L. plantarum , amylases, hemicellulases and cellulases). Each period extended for twenty-one days, the last five used for feces and urine collection. Inoculated or control silages did not differ for total digestibility of DM (inoculated = 54.1% vs. control = 52.2%), CP (36.9% vs. 36.2%), FNE (56.7% vs. 53.9%), CF (55.8% vs. 53.7%), NDF (48.8% vs. 46.5%), ADF (48.1% vs. 44.3%), starch (93.1% vs. 93.3%), TDN (52.7% vs. 50.2%), N retention (–1.4 vs. –1.8g of N/animal/day) or DM intake (1.72% vs. 1.64% of BW), but inoculation tended (p=0.0522) to decrease digestibility of EE (66.8% vs. 69.6%).
Effect of fish oil and vitamin E in the diet on thefatty acid composition of breast meat in broilerchickens

The experiment was conducted on 640 Cobb chickens allocated to 16 groups, 5 replications of 4 males and 4 females each. From 22 to 42 days of age the chickens were fed diets containing 50 g of rapeseed oil and 0, 3, 5 and 8 g of fish oil (FO) and were supplemented with 0, 40, 150 and 300 mg · kg-1 of α-tocopheryl acetate. At the end of the experiment the chickens were killed and breast meat was analysed for PUFA and α-tocopherol content. At a dietary level of 5 g·kg-1 or more of fish oil, the EPA and DHA content in breast meat lipids increased and the PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio declined. Graded levels of vitamin E added to the diet increased the α-tocopherol content in meat in a dose-dependent manner. An interaction was not found on the effect of vitamin E and FO in the diet and PUFA in meat.
Interrogating liquid surfaces via reactive atom scattering

An investigation of the structure of various liquid surfaces has been conducted using Reactive Atom Scattering coupled to laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (RAS-LIF). In this technique, reactive collisions of gas-phase O( 3 P) atoms with hydrocarbon-based liquid surfaces produce OH radicals which are probed by laserinduced fluorescence in the gas phase. The relative fraction of the surface occupied by groups containing abstractable hydrogen atoms is quantified by the yield of OH. Therefore, RAS-LIF can be used to study the surface composition of liquids and mixtures containing alkyl groups. In addition, the technique yields information on the fundamental dynamics of gas-liquid interactions. The dynamics of the interfacial H-abstraction reaction between O( 3 P) and the partially unsaturated hydrocarbon squalene (C30H50) has been studied for the first time. The yield and internal-state distribution of OH produced by this reaction have been characterised by RAS-LIF. In comparison with the fully saturated analogue, squalane (C30H62), the results show that the O( 3 P) atoms are extremely sensitive to the type of C– H bond where reaction takes place, and the products partially accommodate their energy at the liquid surface. There is an additional channel for O( 3 P) loss on squalene, inferred to be addition to exposed unsaturated sites at the liquid surface. RAS-LIF has been employed to characterise the surfaces of ionic liquids containing alkyl chains. The O( 3 P) atoms react selectively with CH2 groups, acting as a quantitative surface-specific probe of the alkyl chains at the surface. The results show that the interfacial composition is different from that of the bulk, with alkyl chains being preferentially exposed at the surface. A series of ionic liquids and mixtures containing 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cations has been investigated. It has been found that alkyl surface coverage depends strongly on the length of the alkyl chain and the chemical identity of the anion, but not on the cation headgroup (imidazolium or pyrrolidinium). Measurements on ionic liquid mixtures show that their surfaces are enriched in cations and anions that are relatively nonpolar, and depleted in polar ions. “Utopia lies at the horizon. When I draw nearer by two steps, it retreats two steps. If I proceed ten steps forward, it swiftly slips ten steps ahead. No matter how far I go, I can never reach it. What, then, is the purpose of utopia? It is to cause us to advance. ”
Pheromone trapping in controlling key insect pests: progress and prospects.

In recent years, pheromone trapping has been employed in many pest management programmes worldwide. Pheromone trapping can assist decision making in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. Considerable improvements have been made in the identification and formulation of blends of pheromones for the management of agricultural insect pests. The progress and prospects of using pheromone for monitoring, mass trapping and mating disruption are discussed, with emphasis on Lepidopteran and Coleopteran pests, as the main pests of oil palm in Malaysia fall within these two insect orders.
Minimizing nocebo effects by conditioning with verbal suggestion: A randomized clinical trial in healthy humans

Nocebo effects, i.e., adverse treatment effects which are induced by patients’ expectations, are known to contribute to the experience of physical symptoms such as pain and itch. A better understanding of how to minimize nocebo responses might eventually contribute to enhanced treatment effects. However, little is known about how to reduce nocebo effects. In the current randomized controlled study, we tested whether nocebo effects can be minimized by positive expectation induction with respect to electrical and histaminic itch stimuli. First, negative expectations about electrical itch stimuli were induced by verbal suggestion and conditioning (part 1: induction of nocebo effect). Second, participants were randomized to either the experimental group or one of the control groups (part 2: reversing nocebo effect). In the experimental group, positive expectations were induced by conditioning with verbal suggestion. In the control groups either the negative expectation induction was continued or an extinction procedure was applied. Afterwards, a histamine application test was conducted. Positive expectation induction resulted in a significantly smaller nocebo effect in comparison with both control groups. Mean change itch NRS scores showed that the nocebo effect was even reversed, indicating a placebo effect. Comparable effects were also found for histamine application. This study is the first to demonstrate that nocebo effects can be minimized and even reversed by conditioning with verbal suggestion. The results of the current study indicate that learning via counterconditioning and verbal suggestion represents a promising strategy for diminishing nocebo responses.