Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The pathogenesis of neurologic symptoms of the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection

Purpose of review The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic has resulted in significant mortality and morbidity globally. Patients who survive infection may develop continuing disease collectively known as the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC), which includes neurologic symptoms especially fatigue and cognitive impairment. The pathogenic mechanisms driving PASC are unknown although a postinfectious process, persistent infection, or lasting pathophysiological changes that occur during acute infection are all suspected to contribute. Recent findings Here we review the current evidence underlying potential pathogenic mechanisms of the neurological complications of PASC with particular emphasis on the evidence for postinfectious immune processes and viral persistence. Summary Immune dysregulation favoring persistent inflammation, including neuroinflammation and enhanced autoimmunity, are present in patients with COVID and likely contribute to the development of PASC. Limited evidence of viral persistence exists but may explain the ongoing inflammatory processes and affinity maturation observed in some patients recovering from COVID infections. No specific studies to date have tied persistent infection to PASC. CNS trauma, in particular hypoxic changes in the CNS, and psychiatric complications occur with greater frequency in patients with COVID and may contribute to the development of PASC. Future research is needed to fully understand the pathophysiological mechanisms driving PASC.
The Trail Making test: a study of its ability to predict falls in the acute neurological in-patient population

Objective: To determine whether tests of cognitive function and patient-reported outcome measures of motor function can be used to create a machine learning-based predictive tool for falls. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary neurological and neurosurgical center. Subjects: In all, 337 in-patients receiving neurosurgical, neurological, or neurorehabilitation-based care. Main Measures: Binary (Y/N) for falling during the in-patient episode, the Trail Making Test (a measure of attention and executive function) and the Walk-12 (a patient-reported measure of physical function). Results: The principal outcome was a fall during the in-patient stay (n = 54). The Trail test was identified as the best predictor of falls. Moreover, addition of other variables, did not improve the prediction (Wilcoxon signed-rank P < 0.001). Classical linear statistical modeling methods were then compared with more recent machine learning based strategies, for example, random forests, neural networks, support vector machines. The random forest was the best modeling strategy when utilizing just the Trail Making Test data (Wilcoxon signed-rank P < 0.001) with 68% (± 7.7) sensitivity, and 90% (± 2.3) specificity. Conclusion: This study identifies a simple yet powerful machine learning (Random Forest) based predictive model for an in-patient neurological population, utilizing a single neuropsychological test of cognitive function, the Trail Making test.
The Impact of Deferred Tax on Earnings Quality: Evidence from Algerian Companies

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the impact of deferred tax, as a technique adopted to support the economic orientation of financial statements over their legal form, on earnings quality as a required attribute to achieve the objective of financial reporting. The study used the model of Sloan (1996) through 280 firm-year observations that concern 40 Algerian companies from 2013 to 2019. Employing persistence and predictive ability as proxies for earnings quality, the results indicated that earnings of Algerian companies present a high level of persistence and a weak level of predictive ability. However, the deferred tax does impact neither the persistence of earnings nor their predictive ability. Therefore, accounting regulators in Algeria must simplify accounting for the deferred tax to encourage its application by companies and improve earnings quality.
Performance of Silicon Carbide Nanomaterials in Separation Process

ABSTRACT Silicon carbide (SiC) nanomaterials are being used in a large range of fields because of their excellent mechanical strength, high thermal resistance and conductivity, high chemical stability and being semiconductors. In the present review, we evaluate SiC nanomaterials as membranes and adsorbents to separate different species. In addition, applications of SiC nanomaterials as membranes or in a membrane structure are described. In this regard, experimental studies which used porous SiC in membrane structure confirmed that SiC can enhance the performance of any membrane because of its large surface area, anti-fouling nature, high porosity, and high-water permeability. Next, molecular dynamics simulation studies examined the ability of SiC nanosheets and SiCNTs in water desalination, gas and dissolved molecule separations. Ultimately, based on the reviewed articles and their findings, areas requiring further attention by researchers are proposed.
The High Priests of Global Development: Capitalism, Religion and the Political Economy of Sacrifice in a Celebrity‐led Water Charity

Throughout the world, 785 million people lack a basic drinking-water service and at least 2 billion people consume contaminated drinking water. At the same time, numerous global water charities fronted by ‘caring’, politi-cized celebrity ﬁgures — dubbed the ‘high priests’ of global development by the authors of this article — have sought to ‘solve’ inequalities in access to clean water through market-based solutions and charity donations. This article engages with the ﬁelds of critical social theory, political theology, political ecology and celebrity studies to analyse the interrelationship between capitalism and religion, to interrogate the drivers of international development, and to historically situate the work of celebrity-led water charities and the growing role of these ‘high priests’. It takes the case of Matt Damon’s Water.org to examine the increasingly religious nature of these neoliberal-ized charity processes, and outlines the main elements of what the authors term a contemporary political economy of sacriﬁce. They argue that this re-sults in charities that, rather than reducing inequalities, actually reproduce, normalize and legitimize the very system and exploitative relations that are responsible for these inequalities and environmental problems in the ﬁrst place, while scattered and localized ﬁxes sustain the illusion that things are getting better.
Reconstructing original design: Process planning for reverse engineering

Abstract Reverse Engineering (RE) has been widely used to extract geometric design information from a physical product for reproduction or redesign purposes. A scan of an object is often implemented to (re-)construct the computer-aided design model. However, this model is most likely an inaccurate representation of the original design, due to the existing uncertainties in each part and the scanning process. This randomness can result in shrinking the original tolerance region or even yielding asymmetric tolerance regions, which can call for unnecessarily high precision reproduction. In this article, we first propose an algorithm to generate the mean configuration based on the data clouds collected from several scans and multiple parts (if applicable). A Bayesian model with prior knowledge of production processes and scanners is specified to model the statistical properties of the mean configuration. Its marginal posterior outperforms single-scan models with lower variances, concentrating around the physical object or initial design. Furthermore, we propose a bi-objective optimization model to address RE process planning questions regarding the required number of scans and parts to achieve target accuracy requirements. Simulations and industrial case studies, including both unique freeform objects and mechanical parts, are conducted to illustrate and evaluate the performances of proposed methods.
Alternate-Day Ketogenic Diet Feeding Protects against Heart Failure through Preservation of Ketogenesis in the Liver

As heart failure develops, the heart utilizes ketone bodies at increased rates, indicating an adaptive stress response. Thus, increasing ketone body availability exerts protective effects against heart failure. However, although it is the widely used approach for increasing ketone body availability, the ketogenic diet shows limited cardioprotective effects against heart failure. This study was aimed at examining the effects of the ketogenic diet on heart failure and the underlying mechanisms. Pressure overload-induced heart failure was established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. Continuous ketogenic diet feeding for 8 weeks failed to protect the heart against heart failure. It showed no significant effects on cardiac systolic function and fibrosis but aggravated cardiac diastolic function in TAC mice. Specifically, it induced systemic lipid metabolic disorder and hepatic dysfunction in TAC mice. It decreased the content of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), a key enzyme in ketogenesis, and impaired the capacity of hepatic ketogenesis in TAC mice. It preserved the capacity of hepatic ketogenesis and exerted cardioprotective effects against heart failure, increasing cardiac function and decreasing cardiac fibrosis, in liver-specific HMGCL-overexpressed TAC mice. Importantly, we found that alternate-day ketogenic diet feeding did not impair the capacity of hepatic ketogenesis and exerted potent cardioprotective effects against heart failure. These results suggested that alternate-day but not continuous ketogenic diet protects against heart failure through preservation of ketogenesis in the liver.
Validation of PARADISE 24 and Development of PARADISE-EDEN 36 in Patients with Dementia

Dementia was one of the conditions focused on in an EU (European Union) project called “PARADISE” (Psychosocial fActors Relevant to brAin DISorders in Europe) that later produced a measure called PARADISE 24, developed within the biopsychosocial model proposed in the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). The aims of this study are to validate PARADISE 24 on a wider sample of patients with mild to moderate dementia to expand PARADISE 24 by defining a more specific scale for dementia, by adding 18 questions specifically selected for dementia, which eventually should be reduced to 12. We enrolled 123 persons with dementia, recruited between July 2017 and July 2019 in home care and long-term care facilities, in Italy, and 80 participants were recruited in Warsaw between January and July 2012 as part of a previous cross-sectional study. The interviews with the patient and/or family were conducted by health professionals alone or as a team by using the Paradise data collection protocol. The psychometric analysis with the Rasch analysis has shown that PARADISE 24 and the selection of 18 additional condition-specific items can be expected to have good measurement properties to assess the functional state in persons with dementia.
Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence Based Strategies and New Developments Tratamiento antiagregante plaquetario y anticoagulante para la prevención del ictus en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular: nue

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, and since the prevalence is highly age-related, its public health impact in our aging societies is potentially enormous. Not only is our population aging, but the age-adjusted incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation is increasing, and these trends show no sign of abating. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the United States is approximately 2.3 million but this is likely a marked underestimation since many patients remain undiagnosed due to paroxysmal or asymptomatic disease or because of atypical symptoms. The underlying factors fueling this phenomenon are not well defined, but emerging trends in regard to increases in traditional and novel risk factors appear to play a prominent role, in particular, obesity and its associated comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea.
How Does Mobile Social Media Sharing Benefit Travel Experiences?

This study investigates the impact of tourists’ travel experience sharing via mobile social media (MSM) on perceptions of smartphone usage-based travel experience improvement and tourists’ post-trip evaluations of their travel experiences. We also examined how two self-enhancement tendencies, self-promotion and self-protection, moderate the relationship between tourists’ MSM travel experience sharing and their perceptions of smartphone usage-based travel experience improvement as well as post-trip evaluations of their travel experiences. A moderated moderation analysis revealed that MSM involvement can condition how tourists’ tendencies for self-promotion moderate the effect of tourists’ travel experience sharing via MSM on their perceptions of smartphone usage-based travel experience improvement. This moderated moderation pattern was similar for the relationship between travel experience sharing via MSM and tourists’ post-trip evaluations of their travel experiences. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided based on the findings.
Komparasi Model Single Moving Avarage & Exponential Smoothing Untuk Peramalan Penjualan AMDK NuClees

This study aims to (1) forecast the demand for NUCless bottled drinking water in the Nganjuk Regency market. (2) Find the suitable model by comparing the most accurate results from the Moving Average model and the Exponential Smoothing model. Meanwhile, to test the accuracy of the casting results, apply a control tracking signal and test the mean absolute deviation (MAD) error values, mean square error (MSE), and mean fundamental percentage error (MAPE). This research data is a time series with a seasonal pattern from January to December 2021. The results of this study place the Single Moving Average model better than the results of the Exponential Smoothing model. This is based on the results of the control tracking signal Smoothing model test results that there are deviations. In contrast, the results of the MSE, MAD, and MAPE accuracy tests of data deviations in the Single Moving Average model are lower than the results of the Exponential Smoothing model, so these results reject the results of several previous researchers who rely on the Exponential Smoothing model instead of the Exponential Smoothing model. Single Moving Average to forecast sales. Keywords: Comparison, Moving Average Model, Exponential Smoothing Model
Picosecond optospintronic tunnel junctions

Significance Spintronic devices have become promising candidates for next-generation memory architecture. However, state-of-the-art devices, such as perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), are still fundamentally constrained by a subnanosecond speed limitation, which has remained a long-lasting scientific obstacle in the ultrafast spintronics field. The highlight of our work is the demonstration of an optospintronic tunnel junction, an all-optical MTJ device which emerges as a new category of integrated photonic–spintronic memory. We demonstrate 1) laser-induced deterministic and efficient writing by an all-optical approach and electrical readout by tunnel magnetoresistance, 2) writing speed within 10 ps, demonstrated by femtosecond-resolved measurements, and 3) integration with state-of-the-art MTJ performance and a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible fabrication progress.
Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake in a Transborder Population at the Mexico–Guatemala Border, September–November 2021

Assessing COVID-19 vaccination uptake of transborder populations is critical for informing public health policies. We conducted a probability (time-venue) survey of adults crossing from Mexico into Guatemala from September to November 2021, with the objective of describing COVID-19 vaccination status, willingness to get vaccinated, and associated factors. The main outcomes were receipt of ≥1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, being fully vaccinated, and willingness to get vaccinated. We assessed the association of outcomes with sociodemographic characteristics using logistic regressions. Of 6518 participants, 50.6% (95%CI 48.3,53.0) were vaccinated (at least one dose); 23.3% (95%CI 21.4,25.2) were unvaccinated but willing to get vaccinated, and 26.1% (95%CI 24.1,28.3) were unvaccinated and unwilling to get vaccinated. Those living in Mexico, independent of country of birth, had the highest proportion vaccinated. The main reason for unwillingness was fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (47.7%, 95%CI 43.6,51.9). Education level was positively associated with the odds of partial and full vaccination as well as willingness to get vaccinated. People identified as Catholic had higher odds of getting vaccinated and being fully vaccinated than members of other religious groups or the non-religious. Further studies should explore barriers to vaccination among those willing to get vaccinated and the motives of the unwilling.
Mycoplasma genitalium: A new superbug

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen. It is an important cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men and is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women, putting them at risk of infertility. Multiple factors that aid pathogenesis of MG include its ability of adhesion, gliding motility, and intracellular invasion by means of the tip organelle. Through intracellular localization and antigenic variation, MG could result in treatment-resistant chronic infection. There are limited data on the prevalence of MG in Indian patients with urogenital syndromes. Recently, a high prevalence of extra genital infection with MG has been reported. Molecular assays are the major diagnostic techniques of MG infection. Antimicrobial agents such as macrolides, along with fluoroquinolones, are the treatment of choice for MG infections. The issue of drug resistance to azithromycin and fluoroquinolones in MG is rising globally. As molecular tests are becoming available for MG, both for the diagnosis and the detection of antimicrobial resistance, any patient with MG infection should then be tested for antimicrobial resistance. Consideration of MG as a cause of sexually transmitted disease in the Indian population is crucial in diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies. The purpose of this review is to understand the prevalence of MG in different clinical scenarios, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, current status of antimicrobial resistance, and its impact on MG treatment.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Treatment Outcome of Patients with Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Background and Objective: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a slow-growing tumour with 20% of the cases having distant metastasis. Its prognosis can vary by its histological characteristics, extension and spread. The data on metastatic DTC patients in Pakistan is scarce; therefore, the purpose of our study was to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of metastatic DTC in our population. Methods: This retrospective, single-centre study was carried out on 117 patients with metastatic DTC with their age at diagnosis, gender, tumour size and extent and spread of the tumour, and its histologic characteristic recorded. The treatment they received and the outcome in terms of status, at last, follow-up were also recorded. Results: The mean age of diagnosis was found to be 46.6 ± 17.2 years with an almost equal male to female ratio. The most common site of metastasis was the lung followed by bone. Papillary carcinoma was the most common subtype with 89.7% of the cases followed by follicular carcinoma occurring in 7.7%. The overall survival in years was found to be 5.6 ± 2.6 years. Ninety-six per cent had complete surgical resection followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) in 91.5%. Conclusion: Our study shows that the most significant factors in predicting the outcome in metastatic DTC are age, an extrathyroidal extension of the primary tumour and distant metastasis. However, further multicentric studies done on a much larger population will be needed to further support and strengthen our results.
The Politicization of Ivermectin Tweets During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Background We explore the ivermectin discourse and sentiment in the United States with a special focus on political leaning through the social media blogging site Twitter. Methods We used sentiment analysis and topic modeling to geospatially explore ivermectin Twitter discourse in the United States and compared it to the political leaning of a state based on the 2020 presidential election. Results All modeled topics were associated with a negative sentiment. Tweets originating from democratic leaning states were more likely to be negative. Conclusions Real-time analysis of social media content can identify public health concerns and guide timely public health interventions tackling disinformation.
Anticancer Activity of Hydatid Cyst Fluid along with Antigen B on Tumors Induced by 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell in a BALB/c Mice Model

Background: Studies on experimental model of cancer showed that hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) has antitumor activity. We aimed to investigate the effect of HCF and Antigen B (AgB) on 4T1 breast tumor cells in BALB/c mice. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran from 2019 to 2020. There were two control groups of BALB/c mice (one group were injected with aluminum sulfate and another group with PBS), and six groups, injected via the intraperitoneal route with 100, 300 and 500 μg/ml concentrations of HCF, AgB diluted in 100 μl PBS, and alum. Seven days after the last treatment, 7×105 4T1 cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of BALB/c mice. Results: The difference between the mean size of the tumor in the case and control groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean level of cytokines between the case and control groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Our histo-pathological studies showed a reduction in both tumor volume and carcinogenesis in groups injected with 300 μg/ml HCF and 500 μg/ml AgB. The antitumor activity of HCF and AgB may be related to the immune responses against these antigens. Conclusion: We suggest that polarization of the Th1/Th2 ratio toward the Th1 pathway occurred in groups injected with HCF and AgB. More comprehensive and precise experiments using different hydatid cyst components are required to investigate their prophylactic effects on breast cancer.