Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The geodesic X-ray transform with matrix weights

Abstract:Consider a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $\geq 3$ with strictly convex boundary, such that the manifold admits a strictly convex function. We show that the attenuated ray transform in the presence of an arbitrary connection and Higgs field is injective modulo the natural obstruction for functions and one-forms. We also show that the connection and the Higgs field are uniquely determined by the scattering relation modulo gauge transformations. The proofs involve a reduction to a local result showing that the geodesic X-ray transform with a matrix weight can be inverted locally near a point of strict convexity at the boundary, and a detailed analysis of layer stripping arguments based on strictly convex exhaustion functions. As a somewhat striking corollary, we show that these integral geometry problems can be solved on strictly convex manifolds of dimension $\geq 3$ having non-negative sectional curvature (similar results were known earlier in negative sectional curvature). We also apply our methods to solve some inverse problems in quantum state tomography and polarization tomography.
A quasi-solution approach to nonlinear problems—the case of the Blasius similarity solution

Using the simple case of the Blasius similarity solution, we illustrate a recently developed general method (Costin et al 2012 Nonlinearity 25 125–64; Costin et al 2012 arXiv:1209.1009) that reduces a strongly nonlinear problem into a weakly nonlinear analysis. The basic idea is to find a quasi-solution F 0 ? > that satisfies the nonlinear problem and boundary conditions to within small errors. Then, by decomposing the true solution F = F 0 + E ? > , a weakly nonlinear analysis of E, using the contraction mapping theorem in a suitable space of functions provides the existence of the solution as well as bounds on the error E. The quasi-solution construction relies on a combination of exponential asymptotics and standard orthogonal polynomial representations in a finite domain.
Inverse problem robustness for multi-species mean-field spin models

The inverse problem method is tested for a class of mean-field statistical mechanics models representing a mixture of particles of different species. The robustness of the inversion is investigated for different values of the physical parameters, system sizes and independent samples. We show how to reconstruct the parameter values with a precision of a few per cent.
Circular RNAs Regulate Vascular Remodelling in Pulmonary Hypertension

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly identified type of noncoding RNA molecule with a unique closed-loop structure. circRNAs are widely expressed in different tissues and developmental stages of many species, participating in many important pathophysiological processes and playing an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases. This article reviews the discovery, characteristics, formation, and biological function of circRNAs. The relationship between circRNAs and vascular remodelling, as well as the current status of research and potential application value in pulmonary hypertension (PH), is discussed to promote a better understanding of the role of circRNAs in PH. circRNAs are closely related to the remodelling of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. circRNAs have potential application prospects for in-depth research on the possible pathogenesis and mechanism of PH. Future research on the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis and mechanism of PH will provide new insights and promote screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this disease.
Local inhomogeneous circular law

We consider large random matrices $X$ with centered, independent entries which have comparable but not necessarily identical variances. Girko's circular law asserts that the spectrum is supported in a disk and in case of identical variances, the limiting density is uniform. In this special case, the local circular law by Bourgade et. al. [11,12] shows that the empirical density converges even locally on scales slightly above the typical eigenvalue spacing. In the general case, the limiting density is typically inhomogeneous and it is obtained via solving a system of deterministic equations. Our main result is the local inhomogeneous circular law in the bulk spectrum on the optimal scale for a general variance profile of the entries of $X$.
MSNet: Multi-Resolution Synergistic Networks for Adaptive Inference

Adaptive inference with multiple networks has attracted much attention for resource-limited image classification. It assumes that a large portion of test samples can be correctly classified by small networks with fewer layers or channels, which poses a great challenge for them. In this paper, we argue that large networks have abilities to help the small ones address this challenge if fully explored. To this end, we propose a multi-resolution synergistic network (MSNet) using two different kinds of fusion modules. The first one is a cross-branch aggregation module, which aims to transfer the high-resolution features to the low-resolution ones between neighboring branches. The other one is an adaptive distillation module, whose purpose is feeding the discriminative ability of the large network to the other ones. Via these two modules, the small networks will be powerful enough to correctly classify large numbers of test samples, thus improving the classification accuracy and inference efficiency. We evaluate MSNet on three benchmark datasets: CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet. Experimental results show that our network can obtain better results than several state-of-the-art networks in both anytime classification and budgeted batch classification settings. The code is available at https://github.com/bigdata-qian/MSNet-Pytorch.
Effects of Cattle Biogas Effluent Application and Irrigation Regimes on Rice Growth and Yield: A Mesocosm Experiment

Biogas effluent (BE) is a potential source of fertilizer for rice. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation based on surface water level can increase rice grain yield (GY), but its effect under BE application is still unclear. To test whether AWD can increase GY under BE application, we conducted a mesocosm experiment under screen-house conditions in Can Tho, Vietnam. We measured rice growth and yield under three nitrogen (N) treatments—zero-N (Z), synthetic fertilizer (SF), and BE—and two irrigation regimes—continuous flooding (CF) and AWD with a re-irrigation threshold of 15 cm below the soil surface. Chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf color chart (LCC) values were higher in SF than in BE, but plant height was comparable. Although GY was not significantly different between CF and AWD, AWD increased it by 12% in BE relative to CF. All N use efficiency (NUE) indices (apparent N recovery, agronomic NUE, and internal NUE) were comparable between AWD and CF in BE and SF. The results indicate that AWD irrigation is feasible under the application of cattle BE and the combination can improve rice GY.
The Poincaré homology sphere, lens space
surgeries, and some knots with tunnel number two

We exhibit an infinite family of knots in the Poincare homology sphere with tunnel number 2 that have a lens space surgery. Notably, these knots are not doubly primitive and provide counterexamples to a few conjectures. In the appendix, it is shown that hyperbolic knots in the Poincare homology sphere with a lens space surgery has either no symmetries or just a single strong involution.
Building on firm competitive advantage through core competence manufacturing firm

The study examined the effect of core competence and firm competitive advantage in the Nigeria Brewing industry, with a focus on selected Brewing firms in Enugu, Onitsha and Benin City. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Instrument adopted for the study is a structured questionnaire based on simple random sampling method. In addition, interview was also employed to serve as a compliment for the questionnaire. Reliability of the research instrument was tested using the Cronbach Alpha method which revealed that the instrument is reliable. The result of Durbin Watson revealed that the data is free from autocorrelation. Data analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential analysis technique. Descriptive statistics was used to give insight on the respondents profile while inferential statistics was used in the conducting of hypotheses. The two research questions for the study were analyzed using multiple regression model. The study shows that the two null hypotheses were rejected while the two alternative hypotheses were accepted (intellectual capital (p=0.000<0.05, ? =0.325) and customer services (p=0.000<0.05, ? =0.708).
An Introduction to Geometric Topology

This book provides a self-contained introduction to the topology and geometry of surfaces and three-manifolds. The main goal is to describe Thurston's geometrisation of three-manifolds, proved by Perelman in 2002. The book is divided into three parts: the first is devoted to hyperbolic geometry, the second to surfaces, and the third to three-manifolds. It contains complete proofs of Mostow's rigidity, the thick-thin decomposition, Thurston's classification of the diffeomorphisms of surfaces (via Bonahon's geodesic currents), the prime and JSJ decomposition, the topological and geometric classification of Seifert manifolds, and Thurston's hyperbolic Dehn filling Theorem.
Effectiveness and Safety of Zercepac and Reference Trastuzumab in the Neoadjuvant Setting for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Aim Since the high cost of reference trastuzumab limits its clinical application, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of the Zercepac and reference product trastuzumab in neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods This study retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with early-stageHER2-positive breast cancer, who received trastuzumab, pertuzumab, docetaxel, and platinum as neoadjuvant therapy from November 2020 to July 2021. Patients were divided into the Zercepac and reference trastuzumab groups. Reduction in tumor size, clinical response based on RECIST1.1 criteria, pathological complete response (pCR), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to adjust confounders. Results A total of 105 patients were included in the study, among them, 65 were in the Zercepac group and 40 were in the reference trastuzumab group. The percentage of tumor shrinkage from baseline was comparable between the Zercepac and reference trastuzumab group (47.6 ± 18.6% vs. 43.0 ± 19.9%, p = 0.235). Clinical partial response rate was similar between the two groups (81.5% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.172). There were 28 cases of pCR (70.0%) in the reference trastuzumab group and 46 cases of pCR (70.8%) in the Zercepac group (p = 0.933). The choice of Zercepac or reference trastuzumab was not significantly associated with pCR (OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.41-2.28, p = 0.933). Adverse events (AEs) were observed in all patients, and the incidence of ≥3 grade AEs was comparable between the two groups (81.5% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.172). Conclusion Zercepac has similar effectiveness and safety profile compared with reference trastuzumab in neoadjuvant therapy, which provides treatment options for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Height one specializations of Selmer groups

We provide applications to studying the behavior of Selmer groups under specialization. We consider Selmer groups associated to four dimensional Galois representations coming from (i) the tensor product of two cuspidal Hida families $F$ and $G$, (ii) its cyclotomic deformation, (iii) the tensor product of a cusp form $f$ and the Hida family $G$, where $f$ is a classical specialization of $F$ with weight $k \geq 2$. We prove control theorems to relate (a) the Selmer group associated to the tensor product of Hida families $F$ and $G$ to the Selmer group associated to its cyclotomic deformation and (b) the Selmer group associated to the tensor product of $f$ and $G$ to the Selmer group associated to the tensor product of $F$ and $G$. On the analytic side of the main conjectures, Hida has constructed one variable, two variable and three variable Rankin-Selberg $p$-adic $L$-functions. Our specialization results enable us to verify that Hida's results relating (a) the two variable $p$-adic $L$-function to the three variable $p$-adic $L$-function and (b) the one variable $p$-adic $L$-function to the two variable $p$-adic $L$-function and our control theorems for Selmer groups are completely consistent with the main conjectures.
MODULI SPACES OF RATIONAL WEIGHTED STABLE CURVES AND TROPICAL GEOMETRY

We study moduli spaces of rational weighted stable tropical curves, and their connections with Hassett spaces. Given a vector $w$ of weights, the moduli space of tropical $w$ -stable curves can be given the structure of a balanced fan if and only if $w$ has only heavy and light entries. In this case, the tropical moduli space can be expressed as the Bergman fan of an explicit graphic matroid. The tropical moduli space can be realized as a geometric tropicalization, and as a Berkovich skeleton, its algebraic counterpart. This builds on previous work of Tevelev, Gibney and Maclagan, and Abramovich, Caporaso and Payne. Finally, we construct the moduli spaces of heavy/light weighted tropical curves as fibre products of unweighted spaces, and explore parallels with the algebraic world.
Effects of Both Japanese-Style Dietary Patterns and Nutrition on Falling Incidents among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Approximately 20% of the community-dwelling Japanese elderly (≥65 years) experience falling annually, with injury frequency rising with age. Increased nursing home admission/hospitalization risk influences healthy aging and QOL. Nutrition for musculoskeletal health is necessary, though the relationship of falling with nutritional status in the elderly is largely unknown. We investigated falling incidents and nutritional status, including a Japanese-style diet in a community-dwelling cohort. Using a cross-sectional design, 186 subjects (median age 83.0 years, males/females 67/119) were analyzed. Oral and systemic health conditions were assessed. A brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) was given for nutritional status. Analysis of covariance (adjusted for gender, age, BMI, articular disease/osteoporosis history, present tooth number, educational level) and the Japanese-Mediterranean diet (jMD) score adapted for Japan were used. The jMD score and falling incidents were significantly associated, with point increases related to a significantly decreased falling risk of 28% (OR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.57–0.91). Of the 13 jMD food components, fish, eggs, and potatoes had a significant relationship with reduced falling, while significant associations of intake of animal protein, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and cholesterol (p < 0.05) were also observed. The results suggest that the jMD dietary pattern is an important factor for the prevention of falling incidents in elderly individuals.
Conformal oxide coating of carbon nanotubes

The International Roadmap for Ferroelectric Memories requires three-dimensional integration of high-dielectric materials onto metal interconnects or bottom electrodes by 2010. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of conformally coating carbon nanotubes with high-dielectric oxide as a first step toward ultrahigh integration density of three-dimensional ferroelectric random access memories.
Involutive Heegaard Floer homology and rational cuspidal curves

We use invariants of Hendricks and Manolescu coming from involutive Heegaard Floer theory to find constraints on possible configurations of singular points of a rational cuspidal curve of odd degree in the projective plane. We show that the results do not carry over to rational cuspidal curves of even degree.
Dynamic ordering of driven vortex matter in the peak effect regime of amorphous MoGe films and 2H-NbSe2 crystals

Dynamic ordering of driven vortex matter has been investigated in the peak effect regime of both amorphous MoGe films and 2H-NbSe2 crystals by mode locking (ML) and dc transport measurements. ML features allow us to trace how the shear rigidity of driven vortices evolves with the average velocity. Determining the onset of ML resonance in different magnetic fields and/or temperatures, we find that the dynamic ordering frequency (velocity) exhibits a striking divergence in the higher part of the peak effect regime. Interestingly, this phenomenon is accompanied by a pronounced peak of dynamic critical current. Mapping out field-temperature phase diagrams, we find that divergent points follow well the thermodynamic melting curve of the ideal vortex lattice over wide field and/or temperature ranges. These findings provide a link between the dynamic and static melting phenomena which can be distinguished from the disorder induced peak effect.
Intratumoral nanobody–IL-2 fusions that bind the tumor extracellular matrix suppress solid tumor growth in mice

Abstract Confining cytokine exposure to the tumors would greatly enhance cancer immunotherapy safety and efficacy. Immunocytokines, cytokines fused to tumor-targeting antibodies, have been developed with this intention, but without significant clinical success to date. A critical limitation is uptake by receptor-expressing cells in the blood, that decreases the dose at the tumor and engenders toxicity. Small-format immunocytokines, constructed with antibody fragments, are hypothesized to improve tumor specificity due to rapid systemic clearance. However, effective design criteria for small-format immunocytokines need further examination. Here, we engineer small interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunocytokines fused to nanobodies with nanomolar to picomolar affinities for the tumor-specific EIIIB domain of fibronectin (also known as EDB). Upon intravenous delivery into immunocompetent mice, such immunocytokines led to similar tumor growth delay as size-matched untargeted IL-2. Intratumoral (i.t.) delivery imparted improved survival dependent on affinity to EIIIB. I.t. administration offers a promising avenue to deliver small-format immunocytokines, given effective affinity for the tumor microenvironment.
The number of $\mathbb{F}_p$-points on Dwork hypersurfaces and hypergeometric functions

We provide a formula for the number of $\mathbb{F}_{p}$-points on the Dwork hypersurface $$x_1^n + x_2^n \dots + x_n^n - n \lambda \, x_1 x_2 \dots x_n=0$$ in terms of a $p$-adic hypergeometric function previously defined by the author. This formula holds in the general case, i.e for any $n, \lambda \in \mathbb{F}_p^{*}$ and for all odd primes $p$, thus extending results of Goodson and Barman et al which hold in certain special cases.
On the density of zeros of linear combinations of Euler products for σ > 1

It has been conjectured that the real parts of the zeros of a linear combination of two or more $L$-functions are dense in the interval $[1,\sigma^*]$, where $\sigma^*$ is the least upper bound of the real parts of such zeros. In this paper we show that this is not true in general. Moreover, we describe the optimal configuration of the zeros of linear combinations of orthogonal Euler products by showing that the real parts of such zeros are dense in subintervals of $[1,\sigma^*]$ whenever $\sigma^*>1$.
Perturbations of intermediate C∗‐subalgebras for simple C∗‐algebras

We study uniform perturbations of intermediate C ∗ ‐subalgebras of inclusions of simple C ∗ ‐algebras. If a unital simple C ∗ ‐algebra has a simple C ∗ ‐subalgebra of finite index, then sufficiently close intermediate C ∗ ‐subalgebras are unitarily equivalent. These intermediate C ∗ ‐subalgebras need not be nuclear. The unitary can be chosen in the relative commutant algebra. An immediate corollary is the following: If the relative commutant is trivial, then the set of intermediate C ∗ ‐subalgebras is a finite set.
The Global Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting 40 million women of childbearing age worldwide. Its global disease prevalence among pregnant women is still unknown. This meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of schistosomiasis among pregnant women globally. Additionally, this study also determined the pooled prevalence based on infection intensity based on eggs per gram. Observational studies on the prevalence of schistosomiasis among pregnant patients were obtained from Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL from January 2001 until August 2020. A review of titles and abstracts was done independently by six reviewers. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for case–control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. A total of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis and meta-regression. The pooled prevalence of S. haematobium was 13.44 (CI: 8.90–19.80) per 100 observations, while the pooled prevalence of S. mansoni was 12.18 (CI: 4.47–29.12) per 100 observations. The prevalence of S. japonicum infection in one study was 53.54 (CI: 43.23–63.62) per 100 observations. Our results showed a prevailing health problem of schistosomiasis during pregnancy in various countries worldwide. This strengthens the need to conduct more schistosomiasis research, prevention, and control programs in pregnant women.
From Picard groups of hyperelliptic surfaces to class groups of families of quadratic fields

Let $S$ be a certain affine algebraic surface over $\mathbb{Q}$ such that it admits a regular map to $\mathbb{A}^2/\mathbb{Q}$. We show that any non-trivial torsion line bundle in the relative Picard group $Pic^0\left(S/\mathbb{A}^2\right)$ can be pulled back to ideal classes of quadratic fields whose order can be made sufficiently large. This gives an affirmative answer to a question raised by Agboola and Pappas, in case of affine algebraic surfaces. For a closed point $P\in \mathbb{A}^2/\mathbb{Q}$, we show that the cardinality of a subgroup of the Picard group of the fiber $S_P$ remains unchanged when $P$ varies over a Zarisky open subset in $\mathbb{A}^2$. We also show by constructing an element of odd order $n\geq 3$ in the class group of certain imaginary quadratic fields that the Picard group of $S_P$ has a subgroup isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$.
Eigenvalues of the negative (p,q)-Laplacian under a Steklov-like boundary condition

ABSTRACT In this paper, we consider in a bounded domain with smooth boundary an eigenvalue problem for the negative -Laplacian with a Steklov-type boundary condition, where , and . A full description of the set of eigenvalues of this problem is provided, thus essentially extending a recent result by Abreu and Madeira related to the -Laplacian.
The endpoint perturbed Brascamp–Lieb inequalities with examples

We prove the folklore endpoint multilinear $k_j$-plane conjecture originated from the paper \cite{bennett2006multilinear} of Bennett, Carbery and Tao. Along the way we prove a more general result, namely the endpoint multilinear $k_j$-variety theorem. Finally, we generalize our results to the endpoint perturbed Beascamp-Lieb inequality using techniques in this paper.