Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFD Numerical Simulation in Building Drainage Stacks as an Infection Pathway of COVID-19

Being aware of global pandemics, this research focused on the potential infection routes in building drainage systems. Case studies have found that dysfunctional building drainage systems not only failed to block contaminants but also potentially became a route for the spreading of viruses. Several fluid simulations in pipelines were conducted in this research using COMSOL Multiphysics. In particular, virus transmission from one patient’s room to other uninfected residential units through pipelines was visualized. A 12-story building, which is commonly seen in the local area, was designed as a simulation model to visualize the transmission and analyze its hazards. Furthermore, five environmental factors were filtered out for discussion: distance, time span, pressure, initial concentration, and environment temperature. By manipulating these factors, the relationship between the factors and the behavior of the contaminant could be explored. In addition, a simulation with a different pipeline arrangement was included to observe the virus diffusion behavior under different scenarios. The visualized simulation concluded that the contaminant would spread through the drainage system and arrive at the neighboring four floors within an hour under the circumstances of a 12-story building with broken seals and constant pressure and contaminant supply on the seventh floor. Meanwhile, the whole building would be exposed to infection risks by the continuous virus spreading through a drainage system. Distance, time span, and pressure were considered critical factors that affected indoor contamination in the system. On the other hand, initial concentration and environmental temperature did not have significant roles. Visualizing the behavior of viruses provides a glimpse of what happens behind walls, paving the way for recognizing the importance of maintaining functional drainage systems for individuals’ health.
Reconsidering adaptive industrialized construction in Chinese rural areas: responding to the challenge of COVID-19

ABSTRACT The spread of COVID-19 has caused an increasing demand for public medical rooms, especially in Chinese rural regions. Industrialized building techniques have been shown as capable of fulfilling this demand through the case of the Leishenshan Hospital. However, industrialized construction requires developed technologies and infrastructures, which are often non-existent in rural areas, thus making it difficult to replicate such a feat. Therefore, more suitable solutions for Chinese rural project delivery in the pandemic scenario are needed. Considering the constraints of pandemic prevention and rural applicability, the adaptive industrialized construction (AIC) method has potential as an alternative. This study evaluates the application of AIC by comparing simulated results using AIC and a conventional method, based on five evaluation indicators: construction speed, labourer distribution, material consumption, equipment utilization, and cost. Taking an actual project as the sample building, the results indicate that the AIC method has several advantages. These include a shorter construction period, less labourer gathering onsite, and a lower cost, suggesting it may be an effective solution for rural project delivery during the pandemic. Architects and contractors could employ the same evaluation method to explore more solutions and optimize the construction schedule for future rapid construction needs in rural areas in a pandemic.
Determinação do módulo de elasticidade da madeira: análise do número de ciclos de carregamento

The NBR 7190/1997, adopted by of Brazilian Technical Standard Association (ABNT), indicates three loading cycles for tests to determine wood stiffness and strength. Based on recommendations of ABNT methods tests were carried out in compression perpendicular to grain, compression parallel to grain, static bending and tension parallel to grain, with Cambara Rosa (Erisma sp), Eucalipto Grandis (Eucalyptus grandis), Envira (Xylopia sp), Champanhe (Dipteryx odorata), Pinus Caribaea (Pinus caribaea var. caribaea), Pinus Elliottii (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) and Pinus Hondurensis (Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis) species. Modulus of elasticity values (E) obtained were statistically equivalent in second and third loading cycles. This analysis suggests that the third loading cycle is not necessary.
Community Perspectives and Environmental Justice Issues in an Unincorporated Black Township

Through each era, the southeastern United States was and continues to be an epicenter for industrial companies to establish factories and plants. Though this development attracts economic gain for the companies and surrounding areas, low-income and predominantly Black communities bear the brunt of the environmental consequences while frequently remaining stagnant economically. This qualitative, community-based participatory research study grew out of a larger study designed to recruit lay community advisors from communities labeled as hard to reach in research. We focus on Holt, Alabama, an unincorporated community in the southeastern United States region. The primary goal of this research inquiry is to thematically analyze community interviews stemming from a topic of research, practice, and policy interest to community members: the effects of industrial pollution on Holt citizens’ daily lives. Content analysis of focus-group transcripts revealed four emergent themes, including: (1) how the pollution affects their water, soil, and air quality; (2) illness related to pollution; (3) community engagement and empowerment; and (4) suggestions regarding what government officials could do to address this area of need. Building upon the prior research regarding environmental justice, human flourishing, and the definition of nurturing environments, suggestions are made regarding the creation, implementation, and maintenance of project advisory councils focused on issues of environmental justice. Community advocacy and empowerment as well as community and scientific partnerships are imperative to alleviate problems associated with environmental justice.
Virus-Based Immuno-Oncology Models

Immunotherapy has been extensively explored in recent years with encouraging results in selected types of cancer. Such success aroused interest in the expansion of such indications, requiring a deep understanding of the complex role of the immune system in carcinogenesis. The definition of hot vs. cold tumors and the role of the tumor microenvironment enlightened the once obscure understanding of low response rates of solid tumors to immune check point inhibitors. Although the major scope found in the literature focuses on the T cell modulation, the innate immune system is also a promising oncolytic tool. The unveiling of the tumor immunosuppressive pathways, lead to the development of combined targeted therapies in an attempt to increase immune infiltration capability. Oncolytic viruses have been explored in different scenarios, in combination with various chemotherapeutic drugs and, more recently, with immune check point inhibitors. Moreover, oncolytic viruses may be engineered to express tumor specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, antibodies, and antigens to enhance immunologic response or block immunosuppressive mechanisms. Development of preclinical models capable to replicate the human immunologic response is one of the major challenges faced by these studies. A thorough understanding of immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses’ mechanics is paramount to develop reliable preclinical models with higher chances of successful clinical therapy application. Thus, in this article, we review current concepts in cancer immunotherapy including the inherent and synthetic mechanisms of immunologic enhancement utilizing oncolytic viruses, immune targeting, and available preclinical animal models, their advantages, and limitations.
The Continuum of Invasive Techniques for the Assessment of Intermediate Coronary Lesions

Ischemic heart disease is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Revascularization of coronary stenosis inducing ischemia, either by percutaneous or surgical intervention, significantly reduces major adverse cardiovascular events and improves quality of life. However, in cases of intermediate lesions, classified by a diameter stenosis between 50 and 90% by European guidelines and 40–70% in American counterparts with no clear evidence of ischemia, the indication of revascularization and impact is determined using various methods that altogether comprehensively evaluate the lesions. This review will discuss the various techniques to assess intermediate stenoses, highlighting indications and advantages, but also drawbacks. Fractional flow rate (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) are the gold standard for the functional evaluation of intermediate lesions, but there are clinical circumstances in which these pressure-wire-derived indices are not accurate. Complementary invasive investigations, mainly intravascular ultrasound and/or optical coherence tomography, offer parameters that can be correlated with FFR/iFR and additional insights into the morphology of the plaque guiding the eventual percutaneous intervention in terms of length and size of stents, thus improving the outcomes of the procedure. The development of artificial intelligence and machine learning with advanced algorithms of prediction will offer multiple scenarios for treatment, allowing real-time selection of the best strategy for revascularization.
A Chebyshev Spectral Collocation Method-Based Series Approach for Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer in a Micropolar Fluid past a Permeable Flat Plate

This paper demonstrates the applicability of the large parameter spectral perturbation method (LSPM) to a coupled system of partial differential equations that cannot be solved exactly. The LSPM is a numerical method that employs the Chebyshev spectral collocation method in the solution of a sequence of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that are derived from decomposing coupled systems of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) using series expansion about a large parameter. The validity of the LSPM is applied to the problem of boundary layer flow and heat transfer in a micropolar fluid past a permeable flat plate in the presence of heat generation and thermal radiation. The coupled nature of the PDEs that define the problem under investigation precludes the option of using series-based methods that seek to generate analytical solutions even in the presence of small or large parameters. The present study demonstrates that the LSPM can easily overcome this limitation while giving very accurate results in a computationally efficient manner. For qualitative validation of the results and the numerical method used, calculations were carried out to graphically obtain the velocity, microrotation, and temperature profiles for selected physical parameter values. The results obtained were found to correlate with the results from a published literature. For quantitative confirmation of our findings, the LSPM numerical solutions were again validated against known results from the literature and against results obtained using the multidomain bivariate spectral quasilinearisation method (MD-BSQLM), and the results were observed to be in perfect agreement. Further accuracy validation is displayed by using residual error and solution error analysis on the governing PDEs and their underlying solutions. This study’s findings indicate that the heat generation and thermal radiation parameters have related effects on the temperature profile, enhancing both the fluid temperature and the thermal boundary layer thickness.
The effect of different storage period on some egg quality characteristics and ovalbumin levels in goose eggs

The aim of the current study was to investigate effect of different storage period on some external and internal egg quality and ovalbumin levels of goose eggs. The alterations of these traits have not been examined sufficiently in goose eggs during the storage. For this purpose, a total of 150 eggs were examined from 50 weeks-old German origin Embden geese. The eggs were stored under constant temperature (+4°C) and ~ 60-65% relative humidity conditions for a period of 7, 14 and 21 days. The weights of 50 eggs were measured and analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. The weight loss, eggshell thickness, and the pH of the albumen and the yolk were different between the storage groups. Other parameters such as, shape index; weights and ratios of albumen, yolk, eggshell, and yolk color were similar between the groups. The pH values of the albumen and yolk, the weight loss, and ovalbumin levels of the albumen had increased during storage. In contrast, the eggshell thickness had declined. According to the results of this study, eggs stored under refrigeration had lower variability on quality parameters. Depending on the increase of ovalbumin with storage, it will be more appropriate to consume goose eggs by allergy-sensitive individuals freshly or after at least end of 1-week storage.
SIRT2 Deficiency Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis via a Putative Role of the ER Stress Pathway

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance, is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) protein deacetylase is emerging as a new player in metabolic homeostasis, but its role in the development of hepatic steatosis and its link with ER stress activation remains unknown. SIRT2-knockout (SIRT2-KO) and wild-type mice were fed either a control or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Genetic manipulation of SIRT2 levels was performed in human hepatic cells. Although apparently normal under a control diet, SIRT2-KO mice showed accelerated body weight gain and adiposity on a HFD, accompanied by severe insulin resistance. Importantly, SIRT2-KO mice exhibited worsened hepatic steatosis independently from diet, consistent with upregulated gene expression of lipogenic enzymes and increased expression of ER stress markers. Exposure of hepatic cells to palmitate induced lipid accumulation, increased ER stress, and decreased SIRT2 expression. Moreover, SIRT2-silenced cells showed enhanced lipid accumulation and ER stress activation under basal conditions, whereas SIRT2 overexpression abrogated palmitate-induced lipid deposition and ER stress activation. Our findings reveal a role for SIRT2 in the regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis, potentially through the ER stress response, suggesting that SIRT2 activation might constitute a therapeutic strategy against obesity and its metabolic complications.
Production and Characterization of Peptide Antibodies to the C-Terminal of Frameshifted Calreticulin Associated with Myeloproliferative Diseases

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) constitute a group of rare blood cancers that are characterized by mutations in bone marrow stem cells leading to the overproduction of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Mutations in calreticulin (CRT) genes may initiate MPNs, causing a novel variable polybasic stretch terminating in a common C-terminal sequence in the frameshifted CRT (CRTfs) proteins. Peptide antibodies to the mutated C-terminal are important reagents for research in the molecular mechanisms of MPNs and for the development of new diagnostic assays and therapies. In this study, eight peptide antibodies targeting the C-terminal of CRTfs were produced and characterised by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using resin-bound peptides. The antibodies reacted to two epitopes: CREACLQGWTE for SSI-HYB 385-01, 385-02, 385-03, 385-04, 385-07, 385-08, and 385-09 and CLQGWT for SSI-HYB 385-06. For the majority of antibodies, the residues Cys1, Trp9, and Glu11 were essential for reactivity. SSI-HYB 385-06, with the highest affinity, recognised recombinant CRTfs produced in yeast and the MARIMO cell line expressing CRTfs when examined in Western immunoblotting. Moreover, SSI-HYB 385-06 occasionally reacted to CRTfs from MPN patients when analysed by flow cytometry. The characterized antibodies may be used to understand the role of CRTfs in the pathogenesis of MPNs and to design and develop new diagnostic assays and therapeutic targets.
Intracholecystic versus Intravenous Indocyanine Green (ICG) Injection for Biliary Anatomy Evaluation by Fluorescent Cholangiography during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case–Control Study

(1) Background: Fluorescence cholangiography has been proposed as a method for improving the visualization and identification of extrahepatic biliary anatomy in order to possibly reduce injuries and related complications. The most common method of indocyanine green (ICG) administration is the intravenous route, whereas evidence on direct ICG injection into the gallbladder is still quite limited. We aimed to compare the two different methods of ICG administration in terms of the visualization of extrahepatic biliary anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), analyzing differences in the time of visualization, as well as the efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of both modalities. (2) Methods: A total of 35 consecutive adult patients affected by acute or chronic gallbladder disease were enrolled in this prospective case–control study. Seventeen patients underwent LC with direct gallbladder ICG injection (IC-ICG) and eighteen subjects received intravenous ICG administration (IV-ICG). (3) Results: The groups were comparable with regard to their demographic and perioperative characteristics. The IV-ICG group had a significantly shorter overall operative time compared to the IC-ICG group (p = 0.017). IV-ICG was better at delineating the duodenum and the common hepatic duct compared to the IC-ICG method (p = 0.009 and p = 0.041, respectively). The cystic duct could be delineated pre-dissection in 76.5% and 66.7% of cases in the IC-ICG and IV-ICG group, respectively, and this increased to 88.2% and 83.3% after dissection. The common bile duct could be highlighted in 76.5% and 77.8% of cases in the IC-ICG and IV-ICG group, respectively. Liver fluorescence was present in one case in the IC-ICG group and in all cases after IV-ICG administration (5.8% versus 100%; p < 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: The present study demonstrates how ICG-fluorescence cholangiography can be helpful in identifying the extrahepatic biliary anatomy during dissection of Calot’s triangle in both administration methods. In comparison with intravenous ICG injection, the intracholecystic ICG route could provide a better signal-to-background ratio by avoiding hepatic fluorescence, thus increasing the bile duct-to-liver contrast.
Comparison of susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) and T2 gradient-echo sequences for the detection of acute cerebral venous thrombosis

Objectives To assess the diagnostic accuracy and lesion conspicuity of susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) and T2* for the clot detection in acute cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) by comparison with contrast-enhanced MR venography. Methods Venous thrombi detection and conspicuity were assessed by two readers for 18 venous segments on both T2*, SWAN source images, 2D SWAN reformats matching with T2*, and 3D SWAN images (SWAN-MinIP). Images obtained with the three reading techniques were systematically scored and compared to CE MRV findings, in a blinded fashion, per patient and per segment, and compared to each other. Results In 30 patients, 137 thrombosed venous segments were evaluated. The sensitivity of T2*, SWAN source images, 2D SWAN, and SWAN MinIP were, respectively, of 89.3%/82.1%, 82.1%, and 82.1% for dural sinus thrombosis and of 100%/100%/100%/96.6% for cortical venous thrombosis. There were significant differences in thrombus detection between T2* and SWAN: T2* versus SWAN source images and 2D SWAN (p = 0.04) and versus SWAN MinIP (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences between the three modalities of SWAN images. T2* was more sensitive than all SWAN images for both sigmoid sinus thrombosis and intracranial internal jugular vein thrombosis (p = 0.04). Inter-observer agreement was slightly superior with T2* (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this small cohort, SWAN sequence at 3T did not yield additional value for thrombus detection in acute CVT compared to T2*. This study highlights SWAN’s greatest weakness both for diagnostic accuracy and lesion conspicuity compared to T2* for acute venous clot detection near the skull base.
The de Mello Foundation Engineering Legacy

This paper reviews the contributions of the late Victor de Mello to foundation engineering and attempts to highlight the insights that he provided in a number of key areas, including foundation design principles, the bearing capacity of shallow foundations, the axial load capacity of deep foundations, and the behaviour of foundations incorporating settlement reducing piles. In each case, de Mello challenged some of the existing concepts and as a consequence, subsequent research has clarified the profession’s understanding and has led to the development and implementation of improved methods of design. Some examples of developments in the above areas, and their application to practice, are described.
Efficacy Evaluation of Abiotic Elicitors for the Management of Black Rot Disease of Cauliflower Incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Aims: To find out the effective abiotic elicitor for management of black rot disease of cauliflower. Study Design: Completely randomized block design (Pot experiment in glasshouse condition). Place and Duration of the Study: This experiment was conducted at glasshouse of Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during the year 2021-22. Methodology: Different abiotic elicitors were applied by spraying whole plants (45 days old) with the aid of a fine atomizer onto the upper leaf surfaces. Pathogen X. campestris pv. campestris was inoculated after 72 h of elicitor treatment, Control plants were treated with the distilled water. The disease assessment was done at 14 and 21 days after inoculation by using six- point scale and Percent Disease severity was calculated. Results: In case of foliar spray of Salicylic acid before 72 h of inoculation of pathogen, minimum percent diseases severity (25.56) was recorded at the concentration of 3 mM after 21 days of pathogen inoculation. In case of BABA, minimum percent disease severity (18.37) was observed at 800 \(\mu g/ml\) concentration. INA helps to reduce the disease severity at 100 uM concentration. ASM was found effective at 350\(\mu g/ml\) with 14.07% disease severity and 82.91% disease control efficiency. In case of MeJA, minimum percent disease severity (30.32) was observed at 2mM concentration. Conclusion: Among all the tested abiotic elicitors at different concentration, ASM at the concentration of 350 \(\mu g/ml\)was found very effective to manage the disease. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a very important and devastating disease of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) crop resulting into 10–50% yield losses every year. So for the management of black rot disease, five abiotic elicitors viz; salicylic acid(SA-0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mM), methyl jasmonte (MeJA-0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0mM), \(\beta\)-Aminobutyric acid (BABA-200, 400, 600, 800 \(\mu g/ml\), acibenzolar-S- methyl (ASM-150, 250, 350, 450 \(\mu g/ml\)) and dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA-50, 100, 150, 200 \(\mu \)M) were tested to induce systemic resistance against the disease. The experiment was conducted under glasshouse condition at Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during the year 2021-22. Foliar application of these abiotic elicitors was done on 45 days old plants of susceptible cv. Pusa Sharad of cauliflower. Results indicated that among all the tested chemical elicitors at different concentration, ASM@350 \(\mu g/ml\) was found very effective to manage the disease. It shows 82.91% disease control efficacy with 14.07% disease severity.