Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of mHealth on contraceptive use among women and men of reproductive age in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Around the world, the use of modern contraceptives has risen significantly, but the quality and reach of sexual and reproductive health services remains weak in the poorest countries. To address the high unmet need, an opportunity arises for mobile health technology (mHealth) to empower both clients and providers. However, evidence that mHealth is effective in increasing modern contraceptive use is limited and mixed, and we set out to assess its impact.
Analysis of the Ethidium Bromide Bound to DNA by Photoacoustic and FTIR Spectroscopy ¶

Under physiological conditions B‐form DNA is an exceedingly stable structure. However, experimental evidences obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence anisotropy suggest that the structure of the double helix fluctuates substantially. We describe photoacoustic phase modulation frequency measurements of ethidium bromide (Eb) with calf thymus DNA. As in fluorescence phase modulation measurements, we used an intercalating dye as a probe; however, we monitored the triplet excited state lifetime at different ionic strengths. The triplet lifetime of Eb varied from about 0.30 ms, with no DNA present, to 20 ms (at a DNA:Eb molar ratio of 5). With salt titration, this value falls to about 2.0 ms. This result suggests a strong coupling between the phenantridinium ring of the ethidium and the base pairs because of the stacking movement of the DNA molecule under salt effect. This effect may be understood considering DNA as a polyelectrolyte. The counterions in the solution shield the phosphate groups, reducing the electrostatic repulsion force between them, hence compacting the DNA molecule. The results from Fourier transform infrared demonstrated two important bands: 3187 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric stretching of the NH group of the bases and 1225 cm−1 corresponding to the asymmetric stretching of phosphate groups shifted toward higher wavenumbers, suggesting a proximity between the intercalant and base pairs and a modification of the DNA backbone state, both induced by salt accretion.
Urban and Rural Disparities in Hospital Utilization among Indonesian Adults

Background: Equal access to healthcare facilities, patient’s satisfaction, and respect for the desire of the patient were recognized as the basic principles of each of the health care system. Each person must be given the opportunity to access health services in accordance with the requirements of their health. We aimed to prove the existence of disparities hospital utilization based on the category of urban-rural areas. Methods: The research used the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (RKD) as analysis material, that was designed a cross-sectional survey. With the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 722,329 respondents were obtained. Data were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression tests. Results: The results showed adults living in urban were likely to use hospital outpatient facilities 1.246 times higher than adults living in rural areas (OR 1.246; 95% CI 1.026 – 1.030). The likelihood of utilizing at the same time outpatient and inpatient facilities at 1.134 times higher in adults living in urban than those in rural areas (OR 1.134; 95% CI 1.025 – 1.255). While for the category of hospital inpatient utilization, there was no significant difference. Conclusion: There was a disparity in hospital utilization between urban-rural areas. Urban show better utilization than rural areas in outpatient and at the same time the use of inpatient care.
Neural substrates of emotional habituation: A PET study using film stimuli

Abstract While external stimuli are given repeatedly, the level of emotional response gradually decreases. This study aims to reveal the neural substrates of such emotional habituation. Fifteen healthy male volunteers were examined using [15O]‐H2O‐PET scanning. Subjects were required to watch two film clips, a horror scene (emotional task) and a calm scene (non‐emotional task). Each film clip was repeatedly presented six times during 12 PET scans. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the first two scans of each task was compared with that in the last two scans. On the emotional task, the right retrosplenial cortex (Brodmann's areas 30 and 23) was activated during the former scans, and the bilateral occipital cortices (BA19 and 37) were activated during the latter scans. As for the non‐emotional task, the bilateral occipital cortices (BA19 and 37) were activated during the first two scans, and the bilateral prefrontal cortices (BA10) were activated during the last two scans. The activated cerebral region by emotional experience reciprocally transferred from the paralimbic region (the retrosplenial cortex) to the neocortical region (the bilateral occipital cortices) as the experience was repeated. This finding is consistent with the theory that the process of emotional habituation is promoted by the process of conceptualization.
Thermal and Structural Changes of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers Characterized by Photoacoustic Detection with a Broad Frequency Band Hydrophone ¶

Photoacoustic measurements using a broad frequency band hydrophone were carried out in photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R‐26 purple bacteria. Data were extracted on enthalpy and volume changes accompanying the primary steps after excitation in the range of 0–500 μs aimed at further characterizing the thermodynamic properties of the RC. Quinone titration showed that the volume contraction accompanying the electron transport is sensitive to the molecular species occupying the secondary quinone site. ΔVM= 14.4, 7.7 and 4.3 cm3 molar volume contractions were calculated from the measured parameters for 1, 2 and 0.07 quinone/RC after light excitation. Comparing the enthalpy changes (ΔH) to the Gibbs free energy data in the literature, a rather large (26%) entropic contribution to the free energy changes (ΔG) is estimated for the P*QAQB→ P+QA−QB electron transport (where QA and QB represent primary and secondary quinones, respectively). This is in contrast to previous estimations that ΔG =ΔH in these processes. On the other hand, only a small (4%) entropic contribution to the ΔG of the P*QAQB→ P+QAQB− process is estimated, in agreement with the literature data. Our results are in good agreement with the data obtained earlier (Edens et al.[2000]J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 1479–1485).
EvolveGraph: Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction with Dynamic Relational Reasoning

Multi-agent interacting systems are prevalent in the world, from pure physical systems to complicated social dynamic systems. In many applications, effective understanding of the situation and accurate trajectory prediction of interactive agents play a significant role in downstream tasks, such as decision making and planning. In this paper, we propose a generic trajectory forecasting framework (named EvolveGraph) with explicit relational structure recognition and prediction via latent interaction graphs among multiple heterogeneous, interactive agents. Considering the uncertainty of future behaviors, the model is designed to provide multi-modal prediction hypotheses. Since the underlying interactions may evolve even with abrupt changes, and different modalities of evolution may lead to different outcomes, we address the necessity of dynamic relational reasoning and adaptively evolving the interaction graphs. We also introduce a double-stage training pipeline which not only improves training efficiency and accelerates convergence, but also enhances model performance. The proposed framework is evaluated on both synthetic physics simulations and multiple real-world benchmark datasets in various areas. The experimental results illustrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of prediction accuracy.
Genotoxicity testing for radon exposure: Dolichopoda (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) as potential bio-indicator of confined environments

Radon represents the major source of natural radioactivity in confined environments. Despite the clear evidence of a direct association between residential exposure and human lung cancer provided by case-control studies, results relating indoor exposure and genotoxic/mutagenic effect induction are still contradictory. The present study attempts to estimate the genotoxic effects induced by exposure to radioactive radon in wild cricket populations sampled from caves where varying concentrations of radon are present. Cave crickets are also tested as possible bio-indicator organisms of genotoxic potential of contaminated residential and confined environments. Six caves in Central Italy are considered covering a broad spectrum of radon radioactivity concentration (221–26, 000 Bq/m3). Dolichopoda specimens were sampled from each cave; both haemocytes and brain cells taken from individuals were tested for responsiveness to DNA damage induced by radon through the Comet assay. Specimens from the least radioactive cave, housed in controlled conditions for 60 days before analysis, were used as control group. Statistically significant increase of DNA damage was found in all groups of individuals from each cave, for both cell types. Very low values of all Comet parameters were found in control group individuals, which gave indications of a good responsiveness of the organism to the variable environmental levels of radioactive contamination. Results indicate that cave crickets represent a reliable tool for the detection of genotoxic potential induced by radioactive contamination of confined environments and can be proposed as a possible bio-indicator system for air (-radioactive) pollution related to indoor exposure.
A note on early earthquakes in northern India and southern Tibet

The scientific contribution in this communication is threefold: (i) the presentation of new evidence or early, pre-19th century large earthquakes in the Himalaya, (ii) the preliminary interpretation of data that have beenidentified up to now and (iii) that currently no forecast for the timing and magnitude of future large events is possible.
Factors Influencing Genomic Prediction Accuracies of Tropical Maize Resistance to Fall Armyworm and Weevils

Genomic selection (GS) can accelerate variety improvement when training set (TS) size and its relationship with the breeding set (BS) are optimized for prediction accuracies (PAs) of genomic prediction (GP) models. Sixteen GP algorithms were run on phenotypic best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) and estimators (BLUEs) of resistance to both fall armyworm (FAW) and maize weevil (MW) in a tropical maize panel. For MW resistance, 37% of the panel was the TS, and the BS was the remainder, whilst for FAW, random-based training sets (RBTS) and pedigree-based training sets (PBTSs) were designed. PAs achieved with BLUPs varied from 0.66 to 0.82 for MW-resistance traits, and for FAW resistance, 0.694 to 0.714 for RBTS of 37%, and 0.843 to 0.844 for RBTS of 85%, and these were at least two-fold those from BLUEs. For PBTS, FAW resistance PAs were generally higher than those for RBTS, except for one dataset. GP models generally showed similar PAs across individual traits whilst the TS designation was determinant, since a positive correlation (R = 0.92***) between TS size and PAs was observed for RBTS, and for the PBTS, it was negative (R = 0.44**). This study pioneered the use of GS for maize resistance to insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa.
TURBULENT ENTRAINMENT FROM A TURBULENT BACKGROUND

Simultaneous particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements were conducted in order to investigate the effects of background turbulence on the entrainment process as well as on the behaviour of the wake interface. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of length scale as well as turbulence intensity in the background flow. This paper reports on a parametric study examining entrainment into the wake of a circular cylinder by independently varying background turbulence parameters through the use of turbulence generating grids. Despite the availability of turbulent rotational fluid on both sides of the interface, the classical turbulent/non-turbulent interface result of an enstrophy jump is reproduced, even in the harshest incoming free-stream turbulence conditions. Examining the tortuosity, reveals that both length scale and turbulence intensity in the background turbulence act to increase the interface surface area. Furthermore, the entrainment process is found to be greatly sensitive to the turbulence intensity of the subjected free-stream turbulence. However, despite an increase in surface area, a net reduction in mean entrainment mass flux is observed with increased intensity in the background turbulence. Examining the mass flux PDFs, reveals that this behaviour is a result of substantial, yet infrequent detrainment events.
STRESS HYPERGLYCEMIA AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare mortality and morbidity in patients of acute ischemic stroke presenting with and without stress hyperglycemia. Background: A high proportion of patients suffering an acute stress such as stroke or myocardial infarction may develop hyperglycemia, even in the absence of a preexisting diagnosis of diabetes. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in neurology units of Military Hospital Rawalpindi, and in Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, both are tertiary referral hospitals. The duration of study was from 1st March to 25th August, 2004. Results: In the hyperglycemic group, out of 50 patients, 22 (44%) died within 04 weeks of stroke. In the control group, 10 (20%) out of 50 patients expired. The study showed a statistically significant relative risk of 2.2 in case of hyperglycemics as compared to normoglycemics. In the study group, mortality rate was higher in males, 14 (63%) out of 22 as compared to females of 8 (36.36%). Even in survivors, functional outcome at 01 month was worse in the hyperglycemic group. Patients with stress hyperglycemia were 0.4 times less likely to improve as compared to normoglycemics. Conclusion: In non-diabetic patients suffering from an ischemic stroke, moderately elevated glucose levels were associated with a more than 2-fold higher risk of short-term mortality compared with lower glucose levels. Even in survivors, stress hyperglycemia was associated with a poor functional outcome after acute ischemic strokes.
Spatial Dependency Parsing for Semi-Structured Document Information Extraction

Information Extraction (IE) for semi-structured document images is often approached as a sequence tagging problem by classifying each recognized input token into one of the IOB (Inside, Outside, and Beginning) categories. However, such problem setup has two inherent limitations that (1) it cannot easily handle complex spatial relationships and (2) it is not suitable for highly structured information, which are nevertheless frequently observed in real-world document images. To tackle these issues, we first formulate the IE task as spatial dependency parsing problem that focuses on the relationship among text segment nodes in the documents. Under this setup, we then propose SPADE (SPAtial DEpendency parser) that models highly complex spatial relationships and an arbitrary number of information layers in the documents in an end-to-end manner. We evaluate it on various kinds of documents such as receipts, name cards, forms, and invoices, and show that it achieves a similar or better performance compared to strong baselines including BERT-based IOB taggger, with up to 37.7% improvement.
Eruptive ulcerative follicular spicules heralding progression of smoldering multiple myeloma

Herein, we describe a patient with immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐lambda smoldering multiple myeloma with translocation t(4:14) who developed widespread ulcerative horny‐like spicules, heralding rapid progression to overt myeloma requiring aggressive chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. The serum abnormal immunoglobulin in the blood was cryoglobulin, which typically precipitates in the tissues at low temperatures causing inflammation and tissue damage. Histopathological changes, observed in lesions at different evolutionary stages, evidenced columns of horny‐like eosinophilic homogeneous material, immunoreactive for IgG lambda, protruding from the dilated and/or distorted follicular openings or acrosyringia and small vessel thrombotic vasculopathy and vasculitis in concert with an inflammatory neutrophilic and lymphocytic reaction. Biochemical investigations on material from a spicule and ulcero‐necrotic lesion revealed cryoprecipitates containing IgG‐lambda with electrophoretic characteristics identical to those of the serum dysprotein. Our findings suggest that the formation of spicules and development of ulcerative lesions are a part of the same clinical spectrum where the cold‐dependent precipitation of the immunogenic dysprotein, both in the skin vessels and hair follicle infundibula, play a major pathogenetic role. Whether this highly characteristic paraneoplastic dermatosis can identify patients with high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities and be incorporated into prognostic models, applicable early on in the course of myeloma, warrants further investigation.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HERITABLE TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus anmus L.)

The objective of this study was to determine good combiners, magnitude of heterosis and mode of inheritance for eleven heritable traits in sunflower. For this purpose, a study was conducted on a 8x8 diallel set of sunflower including reciprocals to find out the extent of combining ability, heterosis and nature of gene action for parameters like of days to 50% flowering, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, head area, days to maturity, achene yield per plant, achene number per plant, 100-achene weight, achene yield (kg/ha) and oil content. The General combining ability (GVA), Specific combining Ability (SCA) and Reciprocal effects (RE) were significant for all the parameters. The SCA effects were of greater magnitude than of GCA effects, which showed high contribution of non-additive gene effects. The GCA:SCA ratio also revealed predominance of non-additive gene effect. Among the inbred lines TF-1, RAI, TF-4 and TF-335 were the best general combiners for all the trait studied. The best combiners for yield were ARI and GUL. Not a single cross combination showed a constant promising result of these heritable traits, however, the cross combinations including TF-1, TF-4, TF-335, ARI, PESH exhibited better performance in nearly all parameters. Positive heterosis for all the characters except for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity was observed. Reciprocal crosses illustrated high potential than direct crosses for most of the characters. Both additive and non-additive variances were involved in the control of all the plant traits. Additive and non-additive equally contributed for days to maturity and achene number per plant. Earliness in flowering, achene yield per plant, achene number per plant and 100-achene weight were under partially dominance controlled. Over-dominance also shoed controlling the inheritance for plant height, stem thickness, head area, days to maturity, achene yield per plant and oil content
Length-weight and length-length relationship for three marine fish species of commercial importance from southwestern Atlantic Ocean coast

Length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships were described for three marine fish species Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835), Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858) and Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean coast, among sampling sites between 36 and 38°S. These species have commercial importance in fisheries. Latitudinal change in LWR could suggest the existence of different subpopulations throughout their distribution ranges. A total of 2,167 specimens were collected between August 2015 and October 2018 using lift nets (mostly 10 mm mesh size) and fishing rods 100-200 m offshore. Both relationships were highly significant (P < 0.0001) for all species and produced robust coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.94). The latitudinal trend of a and b parameters of LWR showed different patterns for each species. This study provides a new maximum length for B. aurea and describes the variation of the regression parameters. New length-length relationships of these species were reported.
Central Chemosensitivity, Sleep, and Wakefulness

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Effect of Double and Triple Particle Size Al2O3 Reinforcement on Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composite Prepared by Vacuum Moulding

The aim is to study the tribological behaviour of dual particle size (DPS) and triple particle size (TPS) of Al2O3 reinforced aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) prepared by stir casting in vacuum mould. The ABS plastic based master pattern of the component (brake rotor, an automotive tribo component) has been prepared by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The DPS and TPS composite consisting of two and three different sizes of Al2O3reinforcement respectively have been prepared by stir casting in vacuum mould for development of Al-MMC. The tribological test was carried out using a pin-on-disc type tribo-test machine under dry sliding condition. The study highlights the effect of reinforcement in form of DPS and TPS on tribological behaviour of Al-Al2O3AMCs. This study reveals that DPS based AMC exhibited better wear resistance properties compared to TPS. It has been observed that when a composite is integrated with small and intermediate Al2O3 reinforcement (which is known as DPS) within the composite could be an effective method of optimizing the wear resistance properties of the developed material. This study provides an alternative way to enhance the tribological behaviour of automotive tribo component. The study also highlights the percentage contribution of different input process parameters (like: composition of Al-Al2O3, vacuum moulding silica sand grain size, vacuum pressure and component volume) on wear properties of AlAl2O3MMCs.