Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards the Little Bang Standard Model

I review recent progress in developing a complete dynamical model for the evolution of the Little Bang fireballs created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and using the model to extract the transport properties and initial density fluctuations of the liquid quark-gluon plasma state of matter of which makes up these Little Bangs during the first half of their lives.
BREEDING SUPER-EARTHS AND BIRTHING SUPER-PUFFS IN TRANSITIONAL DISKS

The riddle posed by super-Earths (1–4R⊕, 2–20M⊕) is that they are not Jupiters: their core masses are large enough to trigger runaway gas accretion, yet somehow super-Earths accreted atmospheres that weigh only a few percent of their total mass. We show that this puzzle is solved if super-Earths formed late, as the last vestiges of their parent gas disks were about to clear. This scenario would seem to present fine-tuning problems, but we show that there are none. Ambient gas densities can span many (in one case up to 9) orders of magnitude, and super-Earths can still robustly emerge after ∼0.1–1 Myr with percent-by-weight atmospheres. Super-Earth cores are naturally bred in gas-poor environments where gas dynamical friction has weakened sufficiently to allow constituent protocores to gravitationally stir one another and merge. So little gas is present at the time of core assembly that cores hardly migrate by disk torques: formation of super-Earths can be in situ. The basic picture—that close-in super-Earths form in a gas-poor (but not gas-empty) inner disk, fed continuously by gas that bleeds inward from a more massive outer disk—recalls the largely evacuated but still accreting inner cavities of transitional protoplanetary disks. We also address the inverse problem presented by super-puffs: an uncommon class of short-period planets seemingly too voluminous for their small masses (4–10R⊕, 2–6M⊕). Super-puffs most easily acquire their thick atmospheres as dust-free, rapidly cooling worlds outside ∼1 AU where nebular gas is colder, less dense, and therefore less opaque. Unlike super-Earths, which can form in situ, super-puffs probably migrated in to their current orbits; they are expected to form the outer links of mean-motion resonant chains, and to exhibit greater water content. We close by confronting observations and itemizing remaining questions.
Safety and Effectiveness of Two Surgical Interventions in Treatment of Grade I and II Lumber Spondylolisthesis

Background: There are different techniques and technologies available for fusion, and each operative technique has its inherent benefits and disadvantages. Objective: To assess safety and effectiveness of two surgical interventions in grade I and II lumbar spondylolisthesis. Patients and Methods: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of 42 patients aged 18-60years with grade I and II isthmic or degenerative lumber spondylolisthesis attending the Neurosurgery Department, Zagazig University hospitals were recruited to either posterolateral fusion (PLF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) techniques. Perioperative and postoperative complications were assessed and dealt with appropriately. Radiological investigation, pain score scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) pre- and post-operative were measured. Results: The main complaint was low back pain in all patients and leg pain in 85.71%; 73.81% had degenerative and 26.19% had isthmic spondylolisthesis. L4-5 listhesis (64.29%) and L5/S1 (33.33%). First degree spondylolisthesis (64.29%) and 2 nd degree (35.71%). The mean duration of surgery was 157.14±23.04minutes in PLF group and 190.74±25.62minutes in PLIF group (p=0.0001). The mean amount of blood loss in PLF group was 615 ± 142milliliter, while 730 ± 105milliliter in PLIF group (p=0.028). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.81±1.47days in PLF group compared with 7.1±2.55days In the PLIF group. In PLIF group, complete reduction occurred in 61.9% compared with 38.1% in PLF one. VAS and ODI had significantly decreased postoperative. Conclusion: better results of fusion rate in PLIF surgery in spite of more blood loss, longer duration of surgery and lengthy hospital stay. Similar results for VAS and ODI in both surgeries.
Melting Spectral Functions of the Scalar and Vector Mesons in a Holographic QCD Model

We investigate the finite-temperature spectral functions of heavy quarkonia by using the soft-wall anti-de Sitter/QCD model. We discuss the scalar, the pseudoscalar, the vector, and the axial-vector mesons and compare their qualitative features of the melting temperature and growing width. We find that the axial-vector meson melts earlier than the vector meson, while there appears only a slight difference between the scalar and pseudoscalar mesons, which also melt earlier than the vector meson.
Nonlinear stability and control of three-dimensional boundary layers

NONLINEAR STABILITY AND CONTROL OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYERS Erik Janke Old Dominion University Director: Prof. P. Balakumar The linear and nonlinear evolution of steady and traveling disturbances in three-dimensio­ nal incompressible boundary layer flows is studied using Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE). Extensive primary stability analyses for the model problems of Swept Hiemenz flow and the DLR Transition experiment on a swept flat plate are performed first. Sec­ ond, and building upon these results, detailed secondary instability studies based on both the classical Floquet Theory and a novel approach that uses the nonlinear PSE are conducted. The investigations reveal a connection of unstable secondary eigenvalues to both the Unear eigenvalue spectrum of the undisturbed mean flow and the continuous spectrum, as weU as the existence of an absolute instability in the region of nonlinear amplitude saturation. Third, a passive technique for boundary layer transition control using leading edge roughness is examined utilizing a newly developed impUcit solution method for the nonlinear PSE. The results confirm experimental observations and indi­ cate possible means of delaying transition on swept wings. In the present work, both the solution of the boundary layer equations for the mean flow and the exphcit PSE solver are based on a fourth-order-accurate compact scheme formulation in body-oriented coordinates. In the secondary instability analysis, the ImpUcitly Restarted Amoldi Method is apphed. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
A giant radio halo in the cool core cluster CL1821+643

Giant radio halos are Mpc-size sources found in some merging galaxy clusters. The synchrotron emitting electrons are thought to be (re)accelerated by plasma turbulence induced by the merging of two massive clusters. Cool core galaxy clusters have a low temperature core, likely an indication that a major merger has not recently occurred. CL1821+643 is one of the strongest cool core clusters known so far. Surprisingly, we detect a giant radio halo with a largest linear size of $\sim$ 1.1 Mpc. We discuss the radio and X-ray properties of the cluster in the framework of the proposed models for giant radio halos. If a merger is causing the radio emission, despite the presence of a cool-core, we suggest that it should be off-axis, or in an early phase, or a minor one.
An additional soft X-ray component in the dim low/hard state of black hole binaries

We test the truncated disc models using multiwavelength (optical/ultraviolet/X-ray) data from the 2005 hard state outburst of the black hole Swift J1753.5−0127. This system is both fairly bright and has fairly low interstellar absorption, so gives one of the best data sets to study the weak, cool disc emission in this state. We fit these data using models of an X-ray illuminated disc to constrain the inner disc radius throughout the outburst. Close to the peak, the observed soft X-ray component is consistent with being produced by the inner disc, with its intrinsic emission enhanced in temperature and luminosity by reprocessing of hard X-ray illumination in an overlap region between the disc and corona. This disc emission provides the seed photons for Compton scattering to produce the hard X-ray spectrum, and these hard X-rays also illuminate the outer disc, producing the optical emission by reprocessing. However, the situation is very different as the outburst declines. The optical is probably cyclo-synchrotron radiation, self-generated by the flow, rather than tracing the outer disc. Similarly, limits from reprocessing make it unlikely that the soft X-rays are directly tracing the inner disc radius. Instead they appear to be from a new component. This is seen more clearly in a similarly dim low/hard state spectrum from XTE J1118+480, where the 10 times lower interstellar absorption allows a correspondingly better view of the ultraviolet/extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission. The very small emitting area implied by the relatively high temperature soft X-ray component is completely inconsistent with the much larger, cooler, ultraviolet component which is well fit by a truncated disc. We speculate on the origin of this component, but its existence as a clearly separate spectral component from the truncated disc in XTE J1118+480 shows that it does not simply trace the inner disc radius, so cannot constrain the truncated disc models.
Analog and Numerical Modeling of Rift‐Rift‐Rift Triple Junctions

Rift‐Rift‐Rift triple junctions are key features of emergent plate boundary networks during fragmentation of a continent. A key example of such a setting is the Afar triple junction where the African, Arabian and Somalian plates interact. We performed analog and numerical models simulating continental break‐up in a Rift‐Rift‐Rift setting to investigate the resulting structural pattern and evolution. We modified the ratio between plate velocities, and we performed single‐stage (with all plates moving at the same time) and two‐stage (where one plate first moves alone and then all the plates move simultaneously) models. Additionally, the direction of extension was changed to induce orthogonal extension in one of the three rift branches. Our models suggest that differential extension velocities in the rift branches determine the localization of the structural triple junction, which is located closer to the rift branch experiencing slower extension velocities. Furthermore, imposed velocities affect the deformation resulting in end‐member fault patterns. The effect of applying similar velocities in all rift arms is to induce a symmetric fault pattern (generating a Y‐shaped geometry). In contrast, a faster plate generates structures trending orthogonal to dominant velocity vectors, while faults associated with the movement of the slower plates remain subordinate (generating a T‐shaped pattern). Two‐stage models reveal high‐angle faults interacting at the triple junction, confirming that differential extension velocities strongly affect fault patterns. These latter models show large‐scale similarities with fault patterns observed in the Afar triple junction, providing insights into the factors controlling the structural evolution of this area.
Real‐time stimulation during sleep: prior findings, novel developments, and future perspectives

Real‐time brain stimulation is a powerful technique that continues to gain importance in the field of sleep and cognition. In this special issue, we collected 14 articles about real‐time stimulation during sleep, including one review, 12 research articles and one letter covering both human and rodent research from various fields. We hope this special issue sparks greater interest and inspires fellow sleep researchers and clinicians to develop new ideas in the exciting topic of real‐time stimulation.
The genetic influence of VEGFA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1570360) on the risk, disease activity, and severity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

The genetic influence of VEGFA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1570360) on the risk, disease activity, and severity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. ABSTRACT Background: SLE is a chronic autoimmune illness in which numerous variables, including epigenetic, genetic, and environmental factors, interact to determine disease risk. The role of the VEGF single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in SLE patients was assessed in the current study. Aim of The Work: TO determine whether the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1154G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk & disease activity. Patients and Methods: The study included 50 SLE patients and 50 healthy controls. Full clinical assessment and laboratory investigations were done for the SLE patients. For both patients and controls, the (VEGF) 1154G/A SNP was detected using real-time PCR. Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (SLICC DI) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) were assessed for SLE patients. Results: the minor A allele of VEGFA (1154G/A) SNP was significantly higher in SLE patients with lower SLICC when compared to the healthy subjects (p-value 0.033). Conclusion: According to the findings, the A allele of VEGFA (rs1570360) SNP may protect against SLE and be linked to a better clinical outcome.
Enhancing of Fruit Set %, Yield and Fruit Quality of “Washington” Navel Orange by
Different Agrochemical Foliar Sprays in Application Times

The present investigation was conducted at private orchard at Barshome Kalyoubeya Governorate Egypt, on Washington Navel orange trees at fifteen years old during (2019 and 2020) seasons. This objective was to study the effect of foliar spraying trees by three recommended doses of commercial liquid (Berelex), (Dotra CATY-BOR), (Microfalcon) and control (water only), on June drop, fruit set, yield and fruit quality in two different times by groups. The first group was spraying only once at (full bloom), the second group was sprayed twice at (full bloom and at marble stage). The trees which were sprayed two times gave the highest values than trees which sprayed once and the control in most parameters. Spraying GA 3 at 75 ppm two times was more effective in reducing fruit drop (June drop), peel thickness and acidity. Farther more it, enhancing initial fruit set %, final fruit set retention %, fruit weight, juice volume and VC with significant increase in yield as number of trees or as Kg/tree. The minimum values were obtained by the control. So according to previous results, foliar spraying of GA 3 at 75 ppm twice at full bloom and the marble stage of 'Washington orange' trees can be recommended.
Seeing in Visionary and Mystical Experience: A Perceptual and Cognitive-Semantic Account

According to Stocker (in press), seeing in visual experience (visual perception and visual imagery) is organized by Talmyan concept structuring. Here, it is proposed that during seeing in extrovertive visionary experience and extrovertive mystical experience, this visual concept structuring is largely or totally suspended—except for the perspective point (pp), which seems to remain in place in all human seeing. Complemented with cognitive-semantic analysis, characterizations of extrovertive visionary experience draw from the writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley, and characterizations of extrovertive mystical experience additionally from the theologian Rudolph Otto and the philosopher Walter Stace. It is also examined how well extrovertive visionary experience and extrovertive mystical experience are captured with altered-state-of-consciousness questionnaires. Potential benefits for the mind from temporary suspension of Talmyan concept structuring are discussed.
Renal histopathology after mixed liquor consumption in Wistar rat

In Indonesia illegal traditional liquor mostly contain ethanol and methanol some of illegal liquor Indonesia called cukrik (mixed liquor), Misuse of mixed liquor can lead to intoxication and may lead to death. Several studies have shown its effect on kidney damage. This study is to analyzing the effect of mixed liquor (ethanol and methanol) on the histopathological damage of male Wistar rat kidney. This was experimental laboratories using a post-test only control group design. We are using 28 wistar rats that were divided into four groups, each group consisting of 7 rats. Group control (C) was given 4 mL of distilled water; groups P1, P2, and P3 were given 1ml, 2 ml, and 4 ml cukrik in orally for 14 days. Mixed alcohol contains 4% methanol and 20% ethanol. Examination of histopathological features was carried out by identifying glomerular cells, tubular cells, and interstitial with HE (Hematoxylin and Eosin) stainning using EGTI (Endothelial, Glomerular, Tubular, and Interstitial) scoring. Data were analyze using kruskal wallis and Mann whitney test. With confidence level p<0,01. glomerular and tubular examination there were significant differences with p<0,01, in interstitial examination there was no significant damage found on the instrestitial with p<0,01. Consumption of cukrik produced glomerular and tubular damage on the histopathological image of male Wistar rats' kidneys, but there was no visible damage to the interstitials cell. With higher consumption of mixed liquor will make tubular and glomerular damage heavier.
Complex, quiescent kinematics in a highly filamentary infrared dark cloud

Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) host the initial conditions under which massive stars and stellar clusters form. We have obtained high sensitivity and high spectral resolution observations with the IRAM 30m antenna, which allowed us to perform detailed analysis of the kinematics within one IRDC, G035.39-00.33. We focus on the 1-0 and 3-2 transitions of N2H+, C18O (1-0), and make comparison with SiO (2-1) observations and extinction mapping. Three interacting filaments of gas are found. We report large-scale velocity coherence throughout the cloud, evidenced through small velocity gradients and relatively narrow line widths. This suggests that the merging of these filaments is somewhat "gentle", possibly regulated by magnetic fields. This merging of filaments may be responsible for the weak parsec-scale SiO emission detected by Jimenez-Serra et al. 2010, via grain mantle vaporization. A systematic velocity shift between the N2H+ (1-0) and C18O (1-0) gas throughout the cloud of 0.18 +/- 0.04 kms^{-1} is also found, consistent with a scenario of collisions between filaments which is still ongoing. The N2H+ (1-0) is extended throughout the IRDC and it does not only trace dense cores, as found in nearby low-mass star-forming regions. The average H2 number density across the IRDC is ~ 5 x 10^4 cm^{-3}, at least one order of magnitude larger than in nearby molecular clouds where low-mass stars are forming. A temperature gradient perpendicular to the filament is found. From our study, we conclude that G035.39-00.33 (clearly seen in the extinction map and in N2H+) has been formed via the collision between two relatively quiescent filaments with average densities of ~ 5 x 10^3 cm^{-3}, moving with relative velocities of ~ 5 kms^{-1}. The accumulation of material at the merging points started > 1 Myr ago and it is still ongoing.
Inflammatory Markers and Hematologic Indices in the Prediction of Severity of COVID-19: A Single Center Study in Southern Philippines

Background: Various diagnostic tests across COVID-19 literatures were employed as surrogate markers in COVID-19, wherein interleukin-6 (IL-6) - gauge for cytokine storm or impending severity - is not readily available. Objectives: This study determined the clinical high levels of CRP (> 1.85 mg/dL), LDH (> 644.85 U/L), and ferritin (> 621.4 ng/mL) have high predilection to become severe or O2-requiring in the course of infection. Utmost caution and monitoring at the onset are warranted.
Transport and spin conversion of multicarriers in semimetal bismuth

In this paper, we report on the investigation of (1) the transport properties of multi-carriers in semi-metal Bi and (2) the spin conversion physics in this semimetal system in a ferrimagnetic insulator, yttrium-iron-garnet. Hall measurements reveal that electrons and holes co-exist in the Bi, with electrons being the dominant carrier. The results of a spin conversion experiment corroborate the results of the Hall measurement; in addition, the inverse spin Hall effect governs the spin conversion in the semimetal/insulator system. This study provides further insights into spin conversion physics in semimetal systems.
Power for dry BL Lacertae objects

Is it significant that the intrinsic outputs of several BL Lacs are observed to level off at values of about 10 46 erg s −1 ? In searching for an answer, we compare γ-ray observations by the AGILE satellite of the BL Lac S5 0716+714 with those of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501; the former are particularly marked by intense flares up to fluxes of 2×10 −6 photons cm −2 s −1 in the 0.1−10 GeV energy range. These “dry” BL Lacs show evidence of neither thermal disk emissions nor emission lines signaling any accreting or surrounding gas; the spectral distributions of their pure non-thermal radiations are effectively represented by the synchrotron self-Compton process. With source parameters correspondingly derived and tuned with simultaneous multiwavelength observations, we find for S5 0716+714 a total jet power of about 3 × 10 45 erg s −1 , which makes it one of the brightest dry BL Lacs so far detected in γ rays. We evaluate the mass of the associated Kerr hole to be around 5 × 10 8 M� , implying that the source is significantly gauged in terms of the maximal power around 4 × 10 45 erg s −1 extractable via the Blandford-Znajek electrodynamical mechanism; other dry BL Lacs observed in γ rays remain well below that threshold. These findings and those forthcoming from Fermi-LAT will provide a powerful test of electrodynamics in the surroundings of the hole, that are dominated by GR effects.
A New Cluster of Galaxies Towards the Galactic Bulge, Suzaku J1759–3450

We observed an extended X-ray source designated as Suzaku J1759-3450 with the Suzaku and Chandra observations towards 1RXS J175911.0-344921, which is an unidentified X-ray source listed in the ROSAT Bright Source Catalogue. A conspicuous emission line at 6 keV was also found in the Suzaku J1759-3450 spectrum. Assuming the emission line to be K emission from He-like Fe ions, we inferred Suzaku J1759-3450 to be an extragalactic object located at z = 0.13. The radial profile of the surface brightness in the 0.5-10 keV band was explained well with an isothermal beta-model of r_c = 1.61' and beta = 0.78. The X-ray spectrum was well reproduced by an optically-thin thermal plasma with the electron temperature of kT_e = 5.3 keV attenuated by the photoelectric absorption of N_H = 2.3 x 10^21 cm^-2. The bolometric X-ray luminosity of L_X (r < r_500) = 4.3 x 10^44 erg s^-1 is consistent with that expected from the L_X-T relation of clusters of galaxies. In terms of the spatial extent, the X-ray spectrum, and the bolometric luminosity of the X-ray emitting gas, we concluded that Suzaku J1759-3450 is a new cluster of galaxies.