Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Structural Investigation of Galaxies via Model Analysis (SIGMA)

We present single-Sérsic two-dimensional model fits to 167, 600 galaxies modelled independently in the ugrizY JHK bandpasses using reprocessed Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Seven (SDSS DR7) and UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey Large Area Survey (UKIDSS-LAS) imaging data available from the GAMA database. In order to facilitate this study we developed SIGMA, an R wrapper around several contemporary astronomy software packages including Source Extractor, PSF Extractor and GALFIT 3. SIGMA produces realistic 2D model fits to galaxies, employing automatic adaptive background subtraction and empirical PSF measurements on the fly for each galaxy in GAMA. Using these results, we define a common coverage area across the three GAMA regions containing 138, 269 galaxies. We provide Sérsic magnitudes truncated at 10 re which show good agreement with SDSS Petrosian and GAMA photometry for low Sérsic index systems (n < 4), and much improved photometry for high Sérsic index systems (n > 4), recovering as much as ∆m = 0.5 magnitudes in the r band. We employ a K band Sérsic index/u − r colour relation to delineate the massive (n >∼ 2) early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the late-type galaxies (LTGs). The mean Sérsic index of these ETGs shows a smooth variation with wavelength, increasing by 30% from g through K. LTGs exhibit a more extreme change in Sérsic index, increasing by 52% across the same range. In addition, ETGs and LTGs exhibit a 38% and 25% decrease respectively in half-light radius from g through K. These trends are shown to arise due to the effects of dust attenuation and stellar population/metallicity gradients within galaxy populations.
Broadening of Cloud Droplet Spectra through Eddy Hopping: Turbulent Entraining Parcel Simulations

This paper discusses the effects of cloud turbulence, turbulent entrainment, and entrained cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation on the evolution of the cloud droplet size spectrum. We simulate an ensemble of idealized turbulent cloud parcels that are subject to entrainment events modeled as a random process. Entrainment events, subsequent turbulent mixing inside the parcel, supersaturation fluctuations, and the resulting stochastic droplet activation and growth by condensation are simulated using a Monte Carlo scheme. Quantities characterizing the turbulence intensity, entrainment rate, CCN concentration, and the mean fraction of environmental air entrained in an event are all specified as independent external parameters. Cloud microphysics is described by applying Lagrangian particles, the so-called superdroplets. These are either unactivated CCN or cloud droplets that grow from activated CCN. The model accounts for the addition of environmental CCN into the cloud by entraining eddies at the cloud edge. Turbulent mixing of the entrained dry air with cloudy air is described using the classical linear relaxation to the mean model. We show that turbulence plays an important role in aiding entrained CCN to activate, and thus broadening the droplet size distribution. These findings are consistent with previous large-eddy simulations (LESs) that consider the impact of variable droplet growth histories on the droplet size spectra in small cumuli. The scheme developed in this work is ready to be used as a stochastic subgrid-scale scheme in LESs of natural clouds.
The Relationship between Vocabulary Size and Depth for Iranian EFL Learners at Different Language Proficiency Levels

The present study investigated the association between vocabulary size and depth of Iranian EFL learners at different language proficiency levels. Additionally, the extent that this relationship could be different for low- and high-word-frequency bands was probed. In so doing, the Word Associates Test (WAT), the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT), the monolingual Vocabulary Size Test (VST) and its bilingual Persian version were administered to 122 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners (F=79, M=43) who had been classified into three language proficiency levels by means of administering the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT). The findings indicated the following: (a) vocabulary size and depth had a significant correlation for the lower-intermediate students; (b) size and depth dimensions had a moderate association for the upper-intermediate participants; (c) vocabulary size and depth were not significantly correlated for the advanced EFL learners; (d) the relationship between the higher-frequency bands of vocabulary size and vocabulary depth was significant for lower proficiency levels; and (e) the lower-frequency vocabulary size was not correlated with vocabulary depth for any of the proficiency levels. The results have implications for vocabulary depth instruction for higher language proficiency levels and suggest teachers, test developers, and materials designers to incorporate the dimension of word associations into the construct of word knowledge.
Examination of Third Molars Eruption Circumstances by OPG

Third molars or wisdom teeth, as they are more commonly known, are the teeth which are most often missing, impacted and with altered morphology.The aim of this study is to evaluate third molars eruption circumstances which include number, angulation, level, and amount of room for eruption of wisdom teeth per subjects. A total of 300 subjects (150 male and 150 female students within the age group of 17-26 years were selected . Any case who had history of extraction of any of the third molars or who rejected to give approval for participation were excluded, for each subject, panoramic imaging were obtained. The Results showed that the level of occlusal plane of third molar similar to that of adjacent tooth was seen in (40.79%)in male and (51.94)in female, also the results showed that 3.3%of the third molars were congenitally missing, and nearby (90.3%) of the students had all four third molars.0. 66%had one third molars and 2%had two third molars, third molar agenesis showed no difference between male and female. Angulations position was maximum with vertical position in maxilla (73.45%) and mesio-angular position in mandible (41.6%) level of occlusal plane of third molar similar to that of adjacent tooth was seen in (45.8.%) in maxilla and (42.73%)in mandible. The present study concluded that panoramic imaging is a valuable radiographic modality in detection of third molars eruption variability.
L O ] 1 1 A ug 2 02 0 Self-referential theories

We study the structure of families of theories in the language of arithmetic extended to allow these families to refer to one another and to themselves. If a theory contains schemata expressing its own truth and expressing a specific Turing index for itself, and contains some other mild axioms, then that theory is untrue. We exhibit some families of true self-referential theories that barely avoid this forbidden pattern.
Age Determination of Black Bears by Cementum Layers

Microscopic examination of decalcified, sectioned, and stained teeth of three wild known-age black bears (Ursus americanus) shows that the layers present in the cementum may be used for age determination. The data also reveal that the primary factor governing seasonal changes in cementum production, which in turn result in the formation of annuli, may not be denning. Recently much interest has been directed toward studying the population dynamics of the large North American carnivores. This work, however, has been seriously hindered by the lack of an accurate technique for age determination. The use of differential tooth growth as a technique for age determination was first attempted by the marine mammalogists Scheffer (1950) and Laws (1952, 1953). Since then it has been used successfully on many marine mammals (Nishiwaki and Yagi 1953, Nishiwaki et al. 1958, Mansfield and Fisher 1960, and Kleinenberg and Klevezal 1962) and for aging many North American ungulates (Sergeant and Pimlott 1959, Low and Cowan 1963, and McEwan 1963). Rausch (1961) observed external ringlike markings on the roots of canine teeth from Alaskan black bears. He found these markings represented the boundaries between successive increments of dentin and could be used for determining the age of individual bears through the sixth summer of life. Mundy and Fuller (1964) used the cementum of M3 as an indicator of age for the grizzly bear ( Ursus spp. ). Although they lacked known-age specimens, they obtained a positive correlation between the number of annuli represented in the cementum and the zygomatic breadth of the skull.3 The present study is concerned primarily with testing the merits of using the cementum as an age indicator for black bear by using teeth from the three known-age wild animals. Our thanks are extended to Dr. H. D. Fisher, under whom the laboratory work was conducted, for his advice and criticism of the manuscript. We would also like to thank Miss Hilary Short, Dr. G. E. Rouse, Ian McAskie, and Miss Marilyn Bennett for their technical assistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Canine teeth of ten unknown-age skulls obtained from the museum of the University of British Columbia were used for experimenting and refining the technique. Three s ctioning methods were attempted: thin grinding, acetate peel, and histological sectioning. The histological sectioning proved the most successful, and was used for the known-age teeth (Fig. 1) from the three tagged wild bears captured in northwestern Montana. The teeth were cut in half along the gum line and the bottom halves were placed in 30 percent formic acid (or 15 percent nitric acid) to decalcify. The decalcified teeth were placed in a satu1 This study was jointly supported by the University of British Columbia Research Fund and Montana Federal Aid Project W-98-R. 2 Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Montana, Missoula. 3See also Marks and Erickson (1966), this issue of The Journal of Wildlife Management.
The importance of pain description in temporomandibular joint internal derangements: A diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation process?

Introduction: Some pain associated terms used by craniomandibular disorder patients during clinical evaluation may have clinical importance in the diagnosis of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. Goals: Describe some terms which have enormous utility in the diagnosis of specific internal derangements of the temporomanibular joint. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of clinical records of subjects with diagnosed bilateral capsulitis (n=30), bilateral retrodiscitis (n=30), bilateral disc-attachment pain (n=32), bilateral arthralgia (n=23) and bilateral ostearthritis of the TMJ (n=20). Questionnaires, clinical examination, palpation of joint and muscles, evaluation of the chief complaint and biomechanical tests were used to evaluate types of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Results: Dull was the most common descriptor used by subjects in the bilateral capsulitis subgroup (29/30=96,7%), whereas dull (14/30=46,7%) and dull-aching (15/30=50%), were the most common descriptors used by the bilateral retrodiscitis subgroup. Most subjects in the bilateral disk-attachment pain subgroup (26/32=81,3%) described pain as dull, shooting and sharp. Six subjects=18,7% in the same subgroup described pain as dull, throbbing, shooting and sharp. As for subjects in the bilateral arthralgia subgroup, they used a complex combination of pain descriptors as follows: Burning (7/23=30,4%), dull, throbbig and burning (1/23=4,3%), dull, throbbing, sharp and burning (6/23=26,1%), dull and burning (5/23=21,8%), and dull, sharp and burning (4/23=17,4%). Regarding subjects in the bilateral osteoarthritis subgroup, (n=20), 17/20=85%, described pain as dull, 2/20=10% as dull and burning and 1/20=5% as dull, sharp and burning. Conclusion: Dull and Dull + Aching constitute diagnostic terms characteristics of capsulitis/synovitis and retrodiscitis respectively. Sudden, sharp, shooting or stabbing terms constitute characteristic terms of diskattachment pain. Burning is term used more frequently in advanced stages of TMJ-IDs, for instance, arthralgia. Patients with OA are more likely to use a variety of terms including sharp, dull, aching and sometimes burning to describe pain.
Comparison of Wound Healing Properties of Herbal Ointments with Povidone iodine on Basis of Histological Changes

Present study was conducted on 24 dogs, aged between 1 to 8 years, irrespective of sex, breed. The animals were randomly divided in to four groups. In group I, animals were treated with standard dressing material Povidone iodine (5.0%). In animals of group II, III, IV herbal ointments (10% w/w) of hydroalcoholic extract of Marigold leaves, Guava leaves and mixture of both Marigold and Guava leaves extracts respectively were used for dressings of wounds for 7 consecutive days. In animals of group IV, marked re-epithelialization and moderate inflammatory cells, neovascularization and thicker but scattered collagen fibrils were seen on day 7 and mature collagen fibres were observed with least number of inflammatory cells on day 14 as compared to other three groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that group IV (mixture of Marigold and Guava leaves hydroalcoholic extract) revealed better wound healing properties as compared to group I (Povidone iodine 5.0%), group II (Marigold leaves hydroalcoholic extract) and group III (Guava leaves hydroalcoholic extract).
A ug 2 02 0 CONTINUOUS QUANTITATIVE HELLY-TYPE RESULTS

Brazitikos’ results on quantititative Helly-type theorems (for the volume and for the diameter) rely on the work of Srivastava on approximate John’s decompositions with few vectors. We change this technique by a stronger recent result due to Friedland and Youssef that allow us to obtain Helly-type versions which are sensitive to the number of convex sets involved.
Knockdown of SNHG14 Alleviates MPP+-Induced Injury in the Cell Model of Parkinson’s Disease by Targeting the miR-214-3p/KLF4 Axis

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) has been demonstrated as an important regulator in PD pathology. However, the functional mechanisms played by SNHG14 in PD remain largely unclear. Methods We used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to establish PD mouse and cell models. The levels of SNHG14, miR-214-3p, and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) were gauged by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using the Cell Counting-8 Kit (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by ELISA. The relationships among SNHG14, miR-214-3p, and KLF4 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results Our data indicated that SNHG14 was upregulated and miR-214-3p was downregulated in PD models. SNHG14 knockdown ameliorated MPP+-stimulated damage in SK-N-SH cells, as evidenced by the enhancement in cell viability and the suppression in cell apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, SNHG14 directly targeted miR-214-3p via binding to miR-214-3p, and SNHG14 knockdown protected SK-N-SH cell from MPP+-stimulated cytotoxicity by upregulating miR-214-3p. KLF4 was a direct target of miR-214-3p, and SNHG14 regulated KLF4 expression by acting as a miR-214-3p sponge. Furthermore, miR-214-3p overexpression alleviated MPP+-stimulated damage in SK-N-SH cells by downregulating KLF4. Conclusion Our current study first demonstrated the protective effect of SNHG14 knockdown on MPP+-stimulated cytotoxicity in SK-N-SH cells at least partially by targeting the miR-214-3p/KLF4 axis, illuminating a promising target for PD intervention and treatment.
Climatological Hydrographic Properties and Water Mass Transports in the Balearic Channels From Repeated Observations Over 1996–2019

The longest time series of CTD transects available in the Mallorca and Ibiza Channels (1996–2019) are presented. These hydrographic sections have a three-monthly periodicity and allow to resolve the seasonal cycle of water mass properties. They are organized in two closed boxes allowing the use of inverse models for the calculation of absolute geostrophic transports through the Channels. These long time series allow to establish the climatological distributions of potential temperature and salinity for each season of the year as well as other relevant statistical properties such as the variance and covariance functions. The results indicate that these distributions depart from normality making the median a better statistic than the mean value for the description of climatological fields. The salinity field shows a seasonal cycle in the upper layer indicating a higher influence of the Atlantic Water during summer, decreasing through the rest of the year. The Western Intermediate Water, which is mainly formed in the North-Western Mediterranean and the Balearic Sea, is observed preferentially in the Ibiza Channel during winter and spring. This water mass is better detected using a geometry-based method instead of the traditional criterion based on predefined temperature and salinity ranges. These water masses flow preferentially southwards through the Ibiza Channel, and northwards through the Mallorca Channel, although intrusions in the opposite directions are observed. Below, the Levantine Intermediate Water shows a similar behavior, but the mass transport analyses suggest that most of this water mass recirculates with the Balearic Current along the northern slope of the Islands. Although the depth of both Channels prevents the circulation of deep waters, a small fraction of the Western Mediterranean Deep Water could overflow the sills.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Linezolid in Tuberculosis Patients: Dosing Regimen Simulation and Target Attainment Analysis

The prolonged treatment duration for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) makes linezolid dosing difficult because of adverse effects associated with long-term use. We sought to find the optimal dosing regimen for linezolid across different MIC values. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data from TB patients were included from Brazil, Georgia, and two U.S. sites. Population PK modeling and simulation were performed. We used an fAUC (area under the unbound drug concentration-time curve)/MIC ratio of >119 as the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) target and minimum (trough) concentrations of drug (Cmins) of 2 and 7 mg/liter as thresholds for toxicity. ABSTRACT The prolonged treatment duration for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) makes linezolid dosing difficult because of adverse effects associated with long-term use. We sought to find the optimal dosing regimen for linezolid across different MIC values. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data from TB patients were included from Brazil, Georgia, and two U.S. sites. Population PK modeling and simulation were performed. We used an fAUC (area under the unbound drug concentration-time curve)/MIC ratio of >119 as the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) target and minimum (trough) concentrations of drug (Cmins) of 2 and 7 mg/liter as thresholds for toxicity. The PK/PD breakpoint was defined as the highest MIC at which the probability of target attainment is >90%. A total of 104 patients with pulmonary TB were included, with a median age and weight of 37 years and 60 kg. Eighty-one percent had drug-resistant TB. The PK data were best described by a one-compartment model. The PK/PD breakpoint was 0.125 mg/liter for a total daily dose of 300 mg, while daily doses of 450 to 600 mg and 900 to 1,200 mg had PK/PD breakpoints of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/liter, respectively. The probability of achieving a Cmin of ≤2 mg/liter was higher when the dose was given at once than when dividing it into 2 doses. Linezolid at a daily dose of 300 mg may not be optimal. We predicted an excellent and comparable efficacy of linezolid using total daily doses of 900 and 1,200 mg for MICs of ≤0.5 mg/liter but with the potential for more toxicity than with 600 mg daily. The increase in Cmin was noticeable when the daily dose was divided and may incur greater toxicity.
Insulin Resistance and Risk of Major Vascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes: A 10-Year Follow-up Study

In spite of being at target for glucose (1) or traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (2), individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) still have an excess of CV mortality and morbidity implying a role for other mechanisms including insulin resistance (IR). Impaired insulin action in T1D was established by clamp technique long ago (3). Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) correlates well with the clamp technique (4) and is a risk marker for microangiopathy (5,6), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (6), CV risk, and mortality (5,7). In this observational single-center study, we investigated to what extent eGDR is a predictor of CV events, coronary artery disease (CAD), and all-cause mortality irrespective of CV risk factors and DKD in 774 subjects with T1D over a 10-year follow-up, as previously described (8). eGDR (mg/kg/min) was calculated at baseline as follows (4): eGDR = 21.158 − (0.09 × WC) − (3.407 × HTN) − (0.551 × HbA1c), where WC is waist circumference (cm), HTN is hypertension (yes = 1, no = 0), and HbA1c is in %. Follow-up data were retrieved from the national and regional health care registers (ICD-9, Clinical Modification, codes) by searching for CV outcomes (primary outcome) up to 31 December 2017 and for all-cause death up to 31 October 2018. Incidence of CV outcomes was available for 736 participants (95.1%), and vital status was available for all individuals (8). We used univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to …
Utilization of Descriptive Sensory Analysis and Volatile Analysis to Determine Quality Indicators of Aquacultured Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopanaeus vannemei) during Refrigerated Storage

ABSTRACT Traditionally, shrimp meat quality has been evaluated using subjective qualitative (pass/fail grading) sensory methods. This study aims to develop quantitative sensory indicators that contribute to a more objective and reliable evaluation of shrimp quality. A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method was optimized and coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify and semi-quantify 35 volatiles accumulated by the end of storage at 4°C. A trained descriptive sensory panel developed eight aroma descriptors associated with quality changes of shrimp. Five out of the eight aroma descriptors are potential quality indicators due to significant correlations with the storage time and good alignment with presumed shrimp grading cutoffs, including one indicator of freshness (“salty water”) and four indicators of spoilage of shrimp (“oxidized oil,” “natto water,” “sour milk,” and “dirty sock”). The intensity ratings of these sensory indicators significantly correlated with the concentration changes of volatiles that were identified to be important chemical spoilage indicators of shrimp. Overall, the aroma indicators determined in this study can lead to quantitative sensory measurements of shrimp quality that correspond well with the results of objective analytical methods.