Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reentry Flight Controller Design Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion

The application of nonlinear dynamic inversion to the design of a e ight controller for atmospheric reentry is discussed. Nonlineardynamic inversion is used due to thelarge e ight envelopethat characterizes thereentry of the small wingless lifting body vehicle. Moreover, the increased computational capability of modern e ight computers, as well as the mission requirements of crew return vehicles, supports the application of a nonlinear control law. The control design is based on nonlinear/linear inversion of the vehicle model and is divided in three phases: nonlinear inversion of the vehicle’ s dynamics, linearization and linear inversion of the aerodynamic database, and actuator allocation. The vehicle’ s dynamics were inverted assuming timescale separation between attitude and attitude rates. The assignment of the vehicle’ s actuators was scheduled against dynamic pressure, accounting for the efe ciency of each actuator on the different phases of e ight. Input ‐output linearization was performed for the phase of e ight where only two actuators were available. The correctness of the controller and its performance are evaluated with numerical simulations of two different entry trajectories.
Comparative study of optical damage and photovoltaic currents in planar LiNbO3 waveguides

The optical damage behaviour of different LiNbO3 optical waveguides has been experimentally studied by measuring the intensity output of a single beam as a function of the intensity input. Parallel measurements of photovoltaic currents have been carried out as a function of the input intensity and they have been correlated with the optical damage data. The following LiNbO3 guides have been studied and compared: proton exchanged (PE) belonging to the phases alpha, beta1, beta2 and reverse proton exchanged (RPE), and Zn in-diffused waveguides. The greatest intensity thresholds for optical damage, about 2x103 times greater than that of the substrate, have been obtained in RPE guides (they support ordinary polarization and have similar nonlinear optic activity as the substrate) and beta2 guides which support extraordinary polarization (they have no nonlinear optic activity). On the other hand, the lowest photovoltaic currents have been measured in beta1,2-phases. As a function of the light intensity, the photovoltaic current exhibits a superlinear behaviour, strong in alpha-phase and weaker in Zn in-diffused and RPE guides. The results for optical damage are discussed in connection with those of photovoltaic currents, paying particular attention to the main mechanisms involved.
Regenerative medicine applications: An overview of clinical trials

Insights into the use of cellular therapeutics, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and tissue engineering strategies for regenerative medicine applications are continually emerging with a focus on personalized, patient-specific treatments. Multiple pre-clinical and clinical trials have demonstrated the strong potential of cellular therapies, such as stem cells, immune cells, and EVs, to modulate inflammatory immune responses and promote neoangiogenic regeneration in diseased organs, damaged grafts, and inflammatory diseases, including COVID-19. Over 5,000 registered clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov involve stem cell therapies across various organs such as lung, kidney, heart, and liver, among other applications. A vast majority of stem cell clinical trials have been focused on these therapies’ safety and effectiveness. Advances in our understanding of stem cell heterogeneity, dosage specificity, and ex vivo manipulation of stem cell activity have shed light on the potential benefits of cellular therapies and supported expansion into clinical indications such as optimizing organ preservation before transplantation. Standardization of manufacturing protocols of tissue-engineered grafts is a critical first step towards the ultimate goal of whole organ engineering. Although various challenges and uncertainties are present in applying cellular and tissue engineering therapies, these fields’ prospect remains promising for customized patient-specific treatments. Here we will review novel regenerative medicine applications involving cellular therapies, EVs, and tissue-engineered constructs currently investigated in the clinic to mitigate diseases and possible use of cellular therapeutics for solid organ transplantation. We will discuss how these strategies may help advance the therapeutic potential of regenerative and transplant medicine.
The Nature of Compact Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. I. Global Properties

We present 10 m Keck spectroscopy and photometry for a sample of 61 small (r1/2 ≤ 0.″5), faint (I814 ≤ 23.74), high-surface brightness (μI814 < 22.2 mag arcsec-2) galaxies in fields flanking the Hubble Deep Field. The majority of this empirically defined sample of compact galaxies lies at redshifts 0.4 ≲ z ≲ 1 (88% completeness in redshift identifications), ruling out a large component of low-redshift galaxies. The number of such galaxies in the range 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 2.2 is also constrained to ≲10%. The majority of the observed galaxies are emission-line systems, while a significant fraction (23%-34%) appear to be normal ellipticals or otherwise early-type systems. One object is an active galactic nucleus, and two are at high redshift (z > 2). The Keck redshift and photometric data are combined with Hubble Space Telescope images to derive luminosities and physical sizes. We also use emission-line widths, where available, to estimate masses. About two-thirds of the emission-line galaxies, or roughly one-half the sample, are small, low-mass, relatively luminous systems with properties resembling those of local H II galaxies. We compare the properties and numbers of these galaxies to the "bursting dwarf" model of Babul & Ferguson. Our sample includes many galaxies similar to the model galaxies in the redshift range 0.4 ≲ z ≲ 0.7, but the majority of our compact galaxies are more luminous (by up to an order of magnitude) than those of the model. The number of galaxies fitting the model parameters are lower by a factor of 2-3 than predicted. An examination of samples used in analyses of disk surface brightness at redshifts z > 0.5 shows that compact galaxies are likely to contribute to the strong disk luminosity evolution found in some studies. Estimates of comoving volume densities indicate that the population of apparent H II galaxies evolves rapidly from redshifts of z ~ 1 to the present. It appears that not all of these galaxies can be progenitors of present-day spheroidal galaxies, although the numbers of them with sizes and masses comparable to spheroidals is not dissimilar to estimates of the local field spheroidal density. We also present 51 additional redshifts, acquired for other projects during the same observing period, for a total of 105 objects with identified redshifts z < 2 in the Hubble Deep Field and its flanking fields.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF THE NEW MANGO CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER EGYPT CONDITIONS

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is Egypt's third major fruit crop. The latest study aimed to evaluate 11 foreign mango cultivars Kent, Palmar, Yasmina Rose, Shelly, Nam Doc Mai, Osten, Glenn, Sensation, Kensington Pride, Heidi, and Joa, in two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019, under Egyptian environmental conditions. The experiment comprised a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 11 treatments and three replications to analyze the mango cultivars for floral aspects, fruit yield, its components, and fruit quality characteristics. Results indicated that cultivars Sensation and Yasmina Rose produced the highest fruit yield per tree. Cultivars Osten, Yasmina Rose, and Kent gained the maximum fruit weight. The study noted the uppermost value of fruit retention (%) for cultivars Palmar, Osten, and Joa. As for the initial fruit set, the highest value appeared in cultivars Heidi and Yasmina Rose, while cultivars Heidi and Kensington Pride revealed the highest value of fruit pulp firmness at the early stage of ripening in July. The Shelly cultivar recorded the highest percentage of pulp per fruit, while the lowest fruit fibers and total acidity percentage came from the Glenn cultivar. The fruits of Nam Doc Mai cultivar contained the highest total soluble solids and total sugar percentages, whereas fruits of the Heidi cultivar contained the highest value of vitamin C. Cultivars noted with the alternate bearing habit consisted of Kensington Pride, Palmer, and Shelly, while all other cultivars exhibited regular bearing. Mango cultivars Glenn, Nam Doc Mai, Osten, Kensington Pride, Shelly, Joa, Yasmina Rose, Sensation, Kent, Palmer, and Heidi (first mentioned, most recommended in descending order) received high recommendations for successful cultivation under the Egyptian environmental conditions based on relatively better fruit setting and quality.
Improved performance of electroluminescent devices based on an europium complex

Electroluminescent (EL) devices using an europium complex Eu(DBM)3 bath as the electron-transport emitting layer were fabricated. The quenching effect of the metal cathode and the unstable nature of the Eu complex under EL operation markedly influence the EL efficiency. By keeping the emitting area far from the metal cathode and partly doping the Eu(DBM)3 bath layer with a hole-transport material, the EL performance was significantly improved. Sharp-band red emissions with turn-on voltage of 3 V, brightness of 820 cd/m2, and external quantum efficiency of 1% were achieved.
The pre-transitional Klebanoff modes and other boundary-layer disturbances induced by small-wavelength free-stream vorticity

The response of the Blasius boundary layer to free-stream vortical disturbances of the convected gust type is studied. The vorticity signature of the boundary layer is computed through the boundary-region equations, which are the rigorous asymptotic limit of the Navier–Stokes equations for low-frequency disturbances. The method of matched asymptotic expansion is employed to obtain the initial and outer boundary conditions. For the case of forcing by a two-dimensional gust, the effect of a wall-normal wavelength comparable with the boundary-layer thickness is taken into account. The gust viscous dissipation and upward displacement due to the mean boundary layer produce significant changes on the fluctuations within the viscous region. The same analysis also proves useful for computing to second-order accuracy the boundary-layer response induced by a three-dimensional gust with spanwise wavelength comparable with the boundary-layer thickness. It also follows that the boundary-layer fluctuations of the streamwise velocity match the corresponding free-stream velocity component. The velocity profiles are compared with experimental data, and good agreement is attained. The generation of Tollmien–Schlichting waves by the nonlinear mixing between the two-dimensional unsteady vorticity fluctuations and the mean flow distortion induced by localized wall roughness and suction is also investigated. Gusts with small wall-normal wavelengths generate significantly different amplitudes of the instability waves for a selected range of forcing frequencies. This is primarily due to the disparity between the streamwise velocity fluctuations in the free stream and within the boundary layer.
A case of nail psoriasis improved with treatment by risankizumab

ABSTRACT Nail psoriasis causes significant aesthetic and functional disabilities. The treatment of nail psoriasis is essential to improve the health outcomes and quality of life among patients. Pain associated with intralesional injections, inadequate penetration into the nail and underlying tissue, poor adherence to therapy, limited efficacy and recurrent relapses are among the many challenging issues with topical therapy. While conventional systemic therapies are still useful and often appropriate for some patients, current evidence indicates that highly selective agents including anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha, anti-interleukin (IL)-17 and anti-IL-12/23 antibodies that are primarily available for plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have also demonstrated long-term efficacy in the treatment of nail psoriasis. We report a case of nail psoriasis improved with treatment by risankizumab.
Matrix bounds of the solutions of the continuous and discrete Riccati equations--a unified approach

In this paper, a new scheme is introduced to measure the matrix bounds of the continuous and discrete Riccati equations. By estimating upper and lower matrix bounds of the solution of the unified algebraic Riccati equation (UARE), the same measurements for the solutions of the continuous and discrete Riccati equations, respectively, can be obtained in limiting cases. According to these obtained matrix bounds, several eigenvalue bounds are also defined. All the proposed results for the UARE are new and more general than previous work. Some obtained results are compared with those of the literature. Via numerical examples, it is shown that in some cases the presented results are tighter than the existing ones.
Magnetic Storms During the Space Age: Occurrence and Relation to Varying Solar Activity

We study the occurrence of magnetic storms in space age (1957–2021) using Dst and Dxt indices. We find 2,526/2,743 magnetic storms in the Dxt/Dst index, out of which 45% are weak, 40% moderate, 12% intense and 3% major storms. Occurrence of storms in space age follows the slow decrease of sunspot activity and the related change in solar magnetic structure. We quantify the sunspot—coronal mass ejection (CME) storm relation in the five cycles of space age. We explain how the varying solar activity changes the structure of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and how this affects the high‐speed solar wind stream (HSS)/corotating interaction region (CIR) storms. Space age started with a record number of storms in 1957–1960, with roughly one storm per week. Solar polar fields attained their maximum in cycle 22, which led to an exceptionally thin HCS, and a space age record of large HSS/CIR storms in 1990s. In the minimum of cycle 23, for the only time in space age, CME storm occurrence reduced below that predicted by sunspots. Weak sunspot activity since cycle 23 has weakened solar polar fields and widened the HCS, which has decreased the occurrence of large and moderate HSS/CIR storms. Because of a wide HCS, the Earth has spent 50% of its time in slow solar wind since cycle 23. The wide HCS has also made large and moderate HSS/CIR storms occur in the early declining phase in recent cycles, while in the more active cycles 20–22 they occurred in the late declining phase.
Numerical simulation of three‐dimensional free surface flows

A numerical model is presented for the simulation of complex fluid flows with free surfaces in three space dimensions. The model described in Maronnier et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 1999; 155(2) : 439) is extended to three dimensional situations. The mathematical formulation of the model is similar to that of the volume of fluid (VOF) method, but the numerical procedures are different.
A direct proof of the tail variational principle and its extension to maps

Abstract Downarowicz [Entropy structure. J. Anal.96 (2005), 57–116] stated a variational principle for the tail entropy for invertible continuous dynamical systems of a compact metric space. We give here an elementary proof of this variational principle. Furthermore, we extend the result to the non-invertible case.
Free Energy Analysis of Protein-DNA Binding

A detailed theoretical analysis of the thermodynamics and functional energetics of protein? DNA binding in the EcoRI endonuclease? DNA complex is presented. The standard free energy of complexation is considered in terms of a thermodynamic cycle of seven distinct steps decomposed into a total of 24 well-defined components. The model we employ involves explicit all-atom accounts of the energetics of structural adaptation of the protein and the DNA upon complex formation; the van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between the protein and the DNA; and the electrostatic polarization and screening effects, van der Waals components, and cavitation effects of solvation. The ion atmosphere of the DNA is described in terms of a counterion condensation model combined with a Debye? Huckel treatment of added salt effects. Estimates of entropy loss due to decreased translational and rotational degrees of freedom in the complex relative to the unbound species based on classical statistical mechanics are included, as well as corresponding changes in the vibrational and configurational entropy. The magnitudes and signs of the various components are estimated from the AMBER parm94 force field, generalized Born theory, solvent accessibility measures, and empirical estimates of quantities related to ion release.The calculated standard free energy of formation, ? 11.5 kcal/mol, agrees with experiment to within 5 kcal/mol. This net binding free energy is discerned to be the resultant of a balance of several competing contributions associated with chemical forces as conventionally defined, with 10 out of 24 terms favoring complexation. Contributions to binding compounded from subsets of the 24 components provide a basis for advancing a molecular perspective of binding in terms of structural adaptation, electrostatics, van der Waals interactions, hydrophobic effects, and small ion reorganization and release upon complexation. The van der Waals interactions and water release favor complexation, while electrostatic interactions, considering both intramolecular and solvation effects, prove unfavorable. Analysis of individual contributions to the standard free energy of complexation at the nucleotide and amino acid residue level highlights the role of contact interactions as well as context effects. Some patterns in compensation effects among the various terms are identified and discussed.
A nuclear spectroscopic survey of field disk galaxies.

On a obtenu les spectres des noyaux de 139 galaxies disques. On en a deduit les largeurs equivalentes des raies d'absorption et d'emission, ainsi que les couleurs et les magnitudes des noyaux. On a evalue les largeurs equivalentes Hα, en fonction du type morphologique et de la couleur du noyau. On a examine la correlation du rapport des flux [NII] a Hα avec les autres proprietes des noyaux
EXTINCTION MAPS TOWARD THE MILKY WAY BULGE: TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL TESTS WITH APOGEE

Galactic interstellar extinction maps are powerful and necessary tools for Milky Way structure and stellar population analyses, particularly toward the heavily reddened bulge and in the midplane. However, due to the difficulty of obtaining reliable extinction measures and distances for a large number of stars that are independent of these maps, tests of their accuracy and systematics have been limited. Our goal is to assess a variety of photometric stellar extinction estimates, including both two-dimensional and three-dimensional extinction maps, using independent extinction measures based on a large spectroscopic sample of stars toward the Milky Way bulge. We employ stellar atmospheric parameters derived from high-resolution H-band Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) spectra, combined with theoretical stellar isochrones, to calculate line-of-sight extinction and distances for a sample of more than 2400 giants toward the Milky Way bulge. We compare these extinction values to those predicted by individual near-IR and near+mid-IR stellar colors, two-dimensional bulge extinction maps, and three-dimensional extinction maps. The long baseline, near+mid-IR stellar colors are, on average, the most accurate predictors of the APOGEE extinction estimates, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional extinction maps derived from different stellar populations along different sightlines show varying degrees of reliability. We present the results of all of the comparisons and discuss reasons for the observed discrepancies. We also demonstrate how the particular stellar atmospheric models adopted can have a strong impact on this type of analysis, and discuss related caveats.
Deterministic epidemic waves

In the well-known deterministic model for the spread of an epidemic, one considers a population of uniform density along a line and divides the population into three classes: susceptible but uninfected, infected and infectious, infected but removed. If we denote space and time variables by s, t and let x(s, t), y(s, t), z(s, t) be the proportions of the population at (s, t) in these three classes, then x + y + z = 1 and we suppose that Here Ῡ(s, t) denotes a space average ∫ y(s + σ) p(σ) dσ, where p is a probability density function; b is the removal rate; the scale of t has been adjusted to remove a constant that would otherwise occur in (1).
Does Managerial Ability Affect Segment Disclosure? Evidence From Indonesia

Research aims: While prior study around segment disclosure has mainly focused on firm characteristics, there is little study on whether managerial characteristics are associated with segment disclosure. This study, therefore, aims to examine the effect of managerial ability on the level of segment disclosure.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used panel data regression with 556 firm-year observations of Indonesian manufacturing firms during 2017-2020. This study employed the checklist based on PSAK 5 (2015 edition) and adopted a content analysis approach. To measure managerial ability, this study utilized the managerial ability score developed by Demerjian, Lev, McVay (2012) for Indonesian firms. Research findings: The results of this study revealed that managerial ability significantly and positively affected the level of segment disclosure. Higher-ability managers also tended to disclose their segment information more extensively.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the managerial ability literature and the disclosure literature (specifically for segment disclosure). This study is also the first to provide empirical evidence about the effect of managerial ability on the level of segment disclosure.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study results can be used by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants regarding the effectiveness of management approach implementation in Indonesia. Furthermore, the result of this study suggests that managers need to improve their capabilities to accommodate a dynamic business environment.Research limitation/Implication: This study used content analysis to measure segment disclosure, including subjectivity. Nevertheless, this study only investigated manufacturing firms. Further research may expand the industry sample to get a better understanding.
Unsteady aerodynamics of stationary elliptic cylinders in subcritical flow

The aerodynamics of a set of two-dimensional elliptic cylinders with eccentricity of 0.8 and 0.6 is studied experimentally during the organized wake condition. The dynamic calibration of the transducer used for measurement of fluctuating pressures is described in detail. The data on Strouhal number, unsteady pressures and wake geometry are presented as a function of angle of attack during static condition of the models. The effect of Reynolds number on the fluctuating pressure is also examined. The results indicate dependence of the unsteady forces on Reynolds number at zero angle of attack. Basing the Strouhal number on projected width appears to reduce its dependence on the angle of attack of the models. The existence of a large phase angle between the fluctuating pressures is of interest. The wake geometry study indicates a gradual reduction in the ratio of the lateral to the longitudinal spacing with increase in angle of attack.