Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sooner Rather than Later: Social Networks and Technology Adoption

IZA DP No. 14307 APRIL 2021 Sooner Rather Than Later: Social Networks and Technology Adoption Using data from a randomised experiment in Kenya, we estimate the causal effect of social networks on technology adoption. In this experiment, farmers were invited to information sessions about the use of Tissue Culture Banana (TCB), an in vitro banana cultivation technology. We find that an additional social connection with a treated farmer causes an untreated farmer to be 2.25 pp more likely to adopt TCB 6-18 months post-intervention, but not in the longer term. We provide evidence that the adoption of TCB by those social connections is the mechanism driving the effect; therefore, treated connections are significant because treated farmers are more likely to adopt. We also find that indirect social network effects, proxied for by eigenvector centrality, influence adoption at both the village level and the farmer level. JEL Classification: O12, P36, Z13
Mothers' Job Search after Childbirth

Wir untersuchen die Auswirkung erfolgreichen Arbeitssuche nach der Geburt auf die Karriere von Muttern. Unter Verwendung eines Bounding-Ansatzes und administrativer Daten finden wir starke Heterogenitat in den Einkommenseffekten eines Arbeitgeberwechsels nach der Geburt. Der Wechsel zu einem neuen Arbeitgeber nach der Geburt fuhrt nur bei Muttern im oberen Teil der Einkommensverteilung zu einem Anstieg des Wiederbeschaftigungseinkommen. Fur diese Mutter erhoht die erfolgreiche Arbeitssuche nach der Geburt auch den langfristigen Verdienst. Wir zeigen, dass dieser Einkommensanstieg zum Teil durch hohere geografische Mobilitat und langerer Pendeldauer zum Arbeitsplatz erklart werden kann. Erfolgreiche Mutter wechseln auch wahrscheinlicher zu schneller wachsenden Firmen und zu Firmen, die Frauen bessere Karrierechancen bieten. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten nicht darauf hin, dass Ehemanner die Arbeitssuche von Muttern besonders unterstutzen.
Tulathromycin – a semi-synthetic macrolidе antibiotic. I. Characteristics and antibacterial activity

This article reviews the available literature on the characteristics and antimicrobial activity of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic tulathromycin from the triamilides subclass. The product has a high activity against Gram-negative respiratory pathogens and desirable pharmacological characteristics for high and persistent tissue levels in domestic animals. Representatives of the macrolide and lincosamide group are investigated and the similarities and differences from tulathromycin are outlined. It is emphasised that at the background of increasing bacterial resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, only few tulathromycin-resistant strains of P. multocida and M. haemolytica have been reported so far. Tulathromycin is considered highly effective against common bacterial agents of respiratory diseases in large ruminants, pigs and sheeps, and may be an alternative for control of resistant bacterial pathogens
A Series of 3 Cases of Cerebral Glioma with Intraspinal Dissemination: Evaluation and Review of the Literature

Extra-cranial metastases of malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma (GBM) are rare. 3 Cases were reported in this evaluation with spinal leptomeningeal metastasis in patients suffering from cerebral glioma / glioblastoma multiforme with radicular pain in the extremities. Patients and Methods: The first patient (male, 34 years old) suffered from hemiparesis 2 years after the craniotomy and micro-neurosurgical extirpation of astrocytoma WHO II° then anaplastic astrocytoma WHO III° right frontotemporal. The second patient (female, 43 years old) developed a spinal channel metastases of a brain stem GBM approximately 9 months after surgical resection and radio-chemo-therapy. In the third case (male, 21 years old), initially a thoracic spinal intramedullary GBM was operatively excised with a postoperative paraplegia. In the following period of time the diagnosis of a cerebral GBM was performed by a stereotactic biopsy method. All specimens in the 3 cases were confirmed histopathologically. Results: In the first patient, who was initially operated for astrocytoma WHO II° and then later the recurrence was diagnosed after excision as anaplastic astrocytoma WHO III°, for him a lumbar spine hemilaminectomy was performed after a concomitant radio-chemotharapy and stereotactic irradiation, whereas after the surgery a further irradiation therapy was necessary. A significant regression / improvement of the neurological symptoms was registered. Intraspinal metastases of the second patient were treated by irradiation therapy with significantly withdrawal of the symptoms, which was necessary due to reduced clinical and deterioration of the neurological state of the patient. A Partial improvement of the neurological symptoms was observed in the third patient during and after the chemotherapy. Discussion: Reported cases of intraspinal dissemination from the primary intracerebral glioma tumor have varied and as in the presented cases in this series, intraspinal metastases have also been observed in patients with stable intracerebral disease. Typically, the incidence of symptomatic intraspinal metastasis has been lower than the incidence observed post mortem because patients do not survive long enough for small tumor implants to develop into symptomatic lesions. However, with improved outcome observed from newer treatments and improved diagnostics the incidence is likely to increase in the future. The management of the three patients in this series was optimized through the modern diagnostic measures leading to improve the clinical condition despite the bad overall prognosis. Conclusions: Spinal spread of malignant glioma should be considered during care and follow-up investigations in patients with this diagnosis and with spinal symptoms. The surgical therapy seems to offer benefits for these patients. The radio-chemotherapy can be helpful in this cases as well. Further examinations and studies are necessary to be performed in order to understand more about the etiology, clinical course, interrelationship and coherence of these findings.
Optimal Tax Policy and Endogenous Growth Through Innovation

We investigate optimal tax policy in a Romer-style endogenous growth model. We derive formulas for the optimal tax rates on capital, labor, and innovation on a balanced growth path. We compute the balanced growth path and the transition to it with optimal policy for a range of parameter values. We find that capital should be taxed in the short run, but be paid its marginal product in the long run. The returns to innovation and production labour, on the other hand, should always be lower than their marginal products. Whether the resulting taxes on innovative activity should be positive or negative depends on (a) the extent of government spending needs, (b) the importance of innovation externalities and (c) the market power of patent holders. The welfare gains from optimal policy are much larger than in a comparable exogenous growth model. JEL Classification: H21, E62, O3
Multidimensional slope limiters for MUSCL type nite volume schemes

A number of multidimensional slope limiting operators are presented for MUSCL type nite volume schemes in two dimensions on triangular grids The most compressive limiter considered in the sense that it attains the highest possible magnitude for the reconstructed solution gradient is implemented in a manner whereby the reconstruction of the solution in a triangle in the limited case is independent of the geometry of the neighbouring cells Furthermore the new limiter leads to the de nition of multidimensional monotonicity regions within which every other gradient limiter can be placed The technique is extended to arbitrary polygonal grids and described in more detail for quadrilaterals Results are presented for the scalar advection equation for which an accuracy study is carried out and for two nonlinear systems the shallow water and Euler equations The extension to systems is carried out using Roe s approximate Riemann solver and a comparison is made between the application of the limiter to the conservative variables and to the characteristic variables All the techniques presented readily generalise to three dimensions This work has been carried out as part of the Oxford Reading Institute for Computational Fluid Dynamics and was funded by EPSRC
Nighttime Habitat Use and Movement of Two Anaxyrus Species in Southeastern Virginia

With amphibian populations declining throughout the world, it is crucial to understand their habitat use and movement in order to create appropriate and effective conservation plans. However, most studies do not look at amphibian behaviors during the night, leaving a large portion of amphibian activity understudied. In this study I researched the habitat use and movement of the American Toad, Anaxyrus americanus, which has stable populations and the Fowler’s Toad, Anaxyrus fowerli, which is experiencing population declines. In the first chapter, I found that these species both use habitat similarly at night. However, they use open spaces rather than habitat that is useful to prevent desiccation and to hide as is normally documented in studies. This highlights the difference between nighttime and daytime habitat use. In the second chapter, I found that nighttime movement is affected by weather variables. Weekly weather patterns were more important for large movements away from the roost site, while smaller movements within the night were explained by daily weather variation. These results show the types of movements that are often missed by daily movement studies. It would be beneficial to consider the behavior of amphibian species over the course of a full day to create the most informed conservation plans.
Existence of multiple positive solutions for fractional Laplace problems with critical growth

We prove the existence of multiple positive solutions of fractional Laplace problems with critical growth, we consider the concave power case or the convex power case. We establish the relationship between the number of the local maximum points of the coefficient function of the critical nonlinearity and the number of the positive solutions of the equation For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2021/23/abstr.html
L EARNING D EEPLY S HARED F ILTER B ASES FOR E FFICIENT C ONV N ETS

Recently, inspired by repetitive block structure of modern ConvNets, such as ResNets, parameter-sharing among repetitive convolution layers has been proposed to reduce the size of parameters. However, naive sharing of convolution filters poses many challenges such as overfitting and vanishing/exploding gradients, resulting in worse performance than non-shared counterpart models. Furthermore, sharing parameters often increases computational complexity due to additional operations for re-parameterization. In this work, we propose an efficient parametersharing structure and an effective training mechanism for recursive ConvNets. In the proposed ConvNet architecture, convolution layers are decomposed into a filter basis, that can be shared recursively, and non-shared layer-specific parts. We conjecture that a shared filter basis combined with a small amount of layerspecific parameters can retain, or further enhance, the representation power of individual layers, if a proper training method is applied. We show both theoretically and empirically that potential vanishing/exploding gradients problems can be mitigated by enforcing orthogonality to the shared filter bases. Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme effectively reduces redundancy by saving up to 63.8% of parameters while consistently outperforming non-shared counterpart networks even when a filter basis is shared by up to 10 repetitive convolution layers.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA CAUSING OTITIS MEDIA AND INVESTIGATION OF SOME GENES OF VIRULENCE FACTORS OF IT IN RAMADI CITY

(125) samples of otitis media were collected from patients attending Al-Ramadi General Hospital and private medical clinics. 50 isolates belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (40%) were isolated and diagnosed from the total samples. Microscopic and phenotypic, biochemical tests were performed, and the diagnosis was confirmed by Phytek2 2, 20 isolates were selected from among the 50 isolates with the most virulence factors for phenotypic virulence, for a PCR test. The results of the qualitative investigation of the genes (FliC, PlcH, GyrB ) of virulence factors showed the presence of these genes in most of the samples in the bacteria P. aeruginosa at a percentage of 90%. The results of the sequencing of nitrogenous bases also confirmed the agreement of the diagnostic results for P. aeruginosa isolates with the isolates registered in NCBI using the MEGA7 program and the percentage of congruence was 100% For each of the gene PlcH isolate No. (8) and the gene GyrB isolate No. (20). As for the FliC gene for isolate No. (5), it showed a number. There were two transversion mutations and two nonequivalent transversion mutations, with a similarity ratio of 99%). In principle, it can be inferred that the plcH, gene and gyrBgenes were found in the same bacterial genus, but in other strains and species with the same sequence of nitrogenous bases. Keyword: Otitis media, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gene.
Biofortification of tomatoes in Italy: Status and level of knowledge

Biofortification is a strategy to reduce micronutrient deficiency in humans by fortifying food through natural processes, agronomic practices and genetic modification. In this study, we seek to shed light on what consumers understand by the term 'biofortified products' and thus to understand their level of knowledge about these products, as well as the reasons that dictate their purchasing choices and the relationship between consumption choices and lifestyles. The analysis focuses on vegetables and, in particular, on tomatoes with a high lycopene content. Research shows that consumers of biofortified food products are generally confused and uninformed, even though they show a high willingness to pay. This confusion seems to result, moreover, from the lack of a clear definition of a biofortified product, as well as from the lack of clear information on the specifics of biofortified products and the benefits they can bring. The future of biofortified products can, therefore, be improved by the creation of clear standards and reference definitions and better information and transparency that would benefit the consumer.
C ONSTRAINING L ATENT S PACE TO I MPROVE D EEP S ELF -S UPERVISED E -C OMMERCE P RODUCTS E MBED - DINGS FOR D OWNSTREAM T ASKS

The representation of products in a e-commerce marketplace is a key aspect to be exploited when trying to improve the user experience on the site. A well known example of the importance of a good product representation are tasks such as product search or product recommendation. There is however a multitude of lesser known tasks relevant to the business, examples are the detection of counterfeit items, the estimation of package sizes or the categorization of products, among others. It is in this setting that good vector representations of products that can be reused on different tasks are very valuable. Past years have seen a major increase in research in the area of latent representations for products in e-Commerce. Examples of this are models like Prod2Vec or Meta-Prod2Vec which leverage from the information of a user session in order to generate vectors of the products that can be used in product recommendations. This work proposes a novel deep encoder model for learning product embeddings to be applied in several downstream tasks. The model uses pairs of products that appear together in a browsing session of the users and adds a proximity constraint to the final latent space in order to project the embeddings of similar products close to each other. This has a regularization effect which gives better features representations to use across multiple downstream tasks, we explore such effect in our experimentation by assessing its impact on the performance of the tasks. Our experiments show effectiveness in transfer learning scenarios comparable to several industrial baselines.
Title: The neurokinin-1 receptor is expressed with gastrin-releasing peptide receptor in spinal interneurons and modulates itch Abbreviated Title: Neurokinin-1 receptor spinal neurons mediate itch

The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R, encoded by Tacr1) is expressed in spinal dorsal horn neurons and has been suggested to mediate itch. However, previous studies relied heavily on neurotoxic ablation of NK1R spinal neurons, which limited further dissection of their function in spinal itch circuitry. Thus, we leveraged a newly developed Tacr1CreER mouse line to characterize the role of NK1R spinal neurons in itch. We show that pharmacological activation of spinal NK1R and chemogenetic activation of Tacr1CreER spinal neurons increases itch behavior, whereas pharmacological inhibition of spinal NK1R suppresses itch behavior. We use fluorescence in situ hybridization to characterize the endogenous expression of Tacr1 throughout the superficial and deeper dorsal horn, as well as the lateral spinal nucleus. Retrograde labeling studies from the parabrachial nucleus show that less than 20% of superficial Tacr1CreER dorsal horn neurons are spinal projection neurons, and thus the majority of Tacr1CreER are local interneurons. We then use a combination of in situ hybridization and ex vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging of the spinal cord to establish that NK1R and the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) are coexpressed within a subpopulation of excitatory superficial dorsal horn neurons. These findings are the first to describe a role for NK1R interneurons in itch and extend our understanding of the complexities of spinal itch circuitry. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license available under a was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted July 15, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07. 14.199471 doi: bioRxiv preprint
Negative impact of heat stress on reproduction in cows: Animal husbandry and biotechnological viewpoints: A review

This review summarises current knowledge of the relationship between heat stress (HS) and reproduction in cattle. It focuses on research from the viewpoint of genetics (breed), from the viewpoint of reproduction physiology (in vivo and in vitro) and from the animal husbandry practice. From the viewpoint of animal husbandry, it was evidenced that heat stress influences reproduction before, during and after conception. Most publications suggest the negative impact of heat stress on the reproductive physiology of cows reflected in ovarian and follicular activity, in oocyte and embryo development, as well as in other processes studied under in vivo or in vitro conditions. There are also a number of products that the cell creates in response to heat stress, which is used as indicators of the stress (e.g. heat shock proteins). A number of publications also focus on how to prevent heat stress on the farm (e.g. shade, water shower) or during in vitro procedures, including the supplementation of the culture media with antioxidants like melatonin. Research of heat stress is very important in cattle breeding for preventing and reducing its effects on the farm and also in the context of climate changes and global atmospheric warming.
VALUE OF MEAN PLATELET VOLUME AND SERUM URIC ACID IN DIAGNOSIS OF NEONATAL SEPSIS

Background: Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a potentially life-threatening clinical condition that requires early intervention. The increase in Mean Platelet volume (MPV) could indicate the presence of inflammatory burden in sepsis. Some authors revealed that higher serum Uric Acid (SUA) levels served as an additive risk factor in sepsis. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the Value of Mean Platelet Volume and Serum Uric Acid in early diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis. Patients and methods: This was a case control study. A total number of 45 participants 30 of them were diagnosed with sepsis and 15apparently healthy were as control group. They all were assessed and we did the following laboratory to all of them, Complete Blood Count (CBC) with MPV, SUA and C Reactive Protein (CRP). Results: The percentage of fever was statistically higher among cases group than controls group. The percentage of resp. distress, apnea, convulsions, and skin mottling and bleeding was statistically higher among cases group than controls group. The percentage of poor feeding, jaundice and distention was statistically higher among cases group than controls group. Mean value of CRP was statistically higher among cases group than controls group. Mean value of MPV was statistically higher among cases group than controls group. Mean value of Serum uric acid was statistically lower among cases group than controls group. Regarding Diagnostic accuracy of MPV, Sensitivity was 96.7%, Specificity was 93.3%, PPV was 67.4%, NPV was 50% and accuracy was 66.7%. Regarding Diagnostic accuracy of Uric acid, Sensitivity was 50%, Specificity was 93.3%, PPV was 93.8%, NPV was 48.3% and accuracy was 64.4%. Conclusion: MPV and SUA could be considered as good diagnostic markers for early diagnosis of sepsis.
ANALYZING THE CONTINUOUS USE INTENTION OF ONLINE CONSUMER ON LEADING ONLINE SHOPPING PLATFORM

E-commerce in Indonesia is growing very fast. It is supported by the increasing number of internet users in Indonesia and the value of e-commerce transactions. Based on the number of e-commerce companies, Shopee has excellent potential to be utilized by the public to market and sell products. The problem is that the number of visitors to the Shopee application has decreased even though Shopee is still in the first rank of other e-commerce sites. The research referred to the modified UTAUT2 with trust and continuous use intention as a novelty. This study aims to: 1) identify and analyze the factors that influence the continuous use intention of Shopee application in making product purchases; 2) determine and analyze whether age and gender variables moderate the relationship between these factors to continuous use intention. The research focuses on the process of purchasing a product in the Shopee application and active users of the Shopee application who have previously purchased products as research respondents. The research data were obtained through an online questionnaire. The data processing process is carried out using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique with the PLS approach, and there are measurement models and structural models. The conclusions from the results of this study are: 1) Facilitating conditions have a significant effect on continuous use intention; 2) Habit has a significant effect on continuous use intention; 3) Gender has a significant moderating effect which affects social influence on continuous use intention; 4) Age has a significant moderating effect that affects facilitating conditions towards continuous use intention.