Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MANdatory - why men need (and are needed for) gender equality progress

While much progress has been made towards gender equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace, education and society, recent years have also revealed continuing challenges that slow or halt this progress. To date, the majority of gender equality action has tended to approach gender equality from one side: being focused on the need to remove barriers for girls and women. We argue that this is only half the battle, and that a focus on men is MANdatory, highlighting three key areas: First, we review men’s privileged status as being potentially threatened by progress in gender equality, and the effects of these threats for how men engage in gender-equality progress. Second, we highlight how men themselves are victims of restrictive gender roles, and the consequences of this for men’s physical and mental health, and for their engagement at work and at home. Third, we review the role of men as allies in the fight for gender equality, and on the factors that impede and may aid in increasing men’s involvement. We end with recommendations for work organizations, educational institutions and society at large to reach and involve men as positive agents of social change.
The motivation of America's best professional competition rock climber: a qualitative case study

This study invё stigated thc motivations of America's best professional competition■ock climber,Vadiln Vinokur. Previous rcsearch has indicated that motivating factors fbr thc rccreational rock clilnber include a desire fOr sensation seeking (i.e.,tO engage in activitics that produce complex sensations and cxpe五 cnces),aCquisition and mastcry of skill,a forllm for creat市 ity,e可 Oyment Ofthe outdoors,reё 9gnition from peers,a chancё to engage in and thrive in challenging situations,cOntrol(i.e.,control over decision making,rё actibns,and pcrsonal space),and an escape from daily life.The literaturc,however,is currently void ofrnotivational data for the professional cOmpetition
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Power Plant (Wind and Solar) in Baron Techno Park Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta

Renewable energy is generated through the conversion process of energy sources which are abundant in the earth such as wind, sun, heat, rain, geothermal, hydro, ocean water and others into an environmentally friendly form of energy. This kind of energy does not cause negative effects to the environment when being used. Therefore, by using renewable energy, the earth is not polluted. This is a major step in controlling global warming, which is one of the elements that leads to environmental degradation. The use of renewable energy sources is indispensable. One great opportunity for future renewable energy is the integration of various sources of energy (hybrid power plant). This paper presents the analysis performance of hybrid power plant (wind and solar) installed in the area of Baron Techno Park. Modeling with HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) Version 3.8. 1 was done with two conditions, first was a grid connected and the second was an off-grid condition. The first system modeling for the installed system capacity NPC and COE had the lowest price for the off-grid condition being $ 62.020 and - $ 0.0213. For the $ 4,910.37 / year was system operating cost. For this capacity, electricity that was connected into grid up to 152.473 kWh / year. The second modeling systems was done with generating capacity in operating. Unknown NPC price was $ 20,887.76 and the COE was - $ 0,021 for grid connected system condition. Operational cost up to $1,685.87 / year, and electricity production being was 63,55 kWh / year. With the grid, the contribution of Baron Techno Park hybrid power plants could lower carbon dioxide gas up to 82.63 kg/year for operating systems and 202.63 kg/year for systems with installed capacity.
Influence of constitutive model and EC7 design approach in FEM analysis of deep excavations

Advances in computer hardware and, more importantly, in geotechnical software over the past ten years have resulted in a widespread application of numerical methods in practical geotechnical engineering. These developments enable the geotechnical engineer to perform very advanced numerical analyses at low cost and with relatively little computational effort. Commercial codes, fully integrated into the PC-environment, have become so user-friendly that little training is required for operating the programme. They offer sophisticated types of analysis, such as fully coupled consolidation analysis with elasto-plastic material models. However, for performing such complex calculations and obtaining sensible results a strong background in numerical methods, mechanics and, last but not least, theoretical soil mechanics is essential. The potential problems arising from the situation that geotechnical engineers, not sufficiently trained for that purpose, perform complex numerical analyses and may produce unreliable results have been recognized within the profession and some national and international committees have begun to address this problem, amongst them the working group AK 1.6 "Numerical Methods in Geotechnics" of the German Society for Geotechnics (DGGT) and working group A "Numerical Methods" of the COST Action C7 (Co-Operation in Science and Technology of the European Union). The results of the work of the latter can be found in Potts et al. (2002). One of the main goals of AK 1.6 of the DGGT is to provide recommendations for numerical analyses in geotechnical engineering. In addition benchmark examples have been specified and the results obtained by various users employing different software have been discussed in Schweiger (2002). At present the influence of the constitutive model on results of simplified practical problems, such as deep excavations, tunnels and deep foundations, are investigated. In order to avoid the influence of implementation details only one fe-code (Plaxis) is used in the first step. Some results of this ongoing study are presented in the first part of the paper whereas a comparison of different EC7 design approaches employing numerical analysis is discussed in the second part of the paper.
Hydrologic response to future land use change in the Upper Mississippi River Basin by the end of 21st century

This study demonstrates the spatial variation in hydrologic processes across the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) by the end of 21st century, by ingesting FOREcasting Scenarios (FORE‐SCE) of Land‐use Change projections into a physics‐based hydrologic model—Soil and Water Assessment Tool. The model is created for UMRB (440,000 km2), using the National Landcover Database of year 2001 and climate data of 1991–2010. Considering 1991–2010 as the baseline reference period, FORE‐SCE projections of year 2091 under three scenarios (A1B, A2, and B1 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) are separately assimilated into the calibrated model, whereas climate input is kept the same as in the baseline. Modeling results suggest an increase of 0.5% and 3.5% in the average annual streamflow at the basin outlet (Grafton, Illinois) during 2081–2100, respectively, for A1B and A2, whereas for B1, streamflow would decrease by 1.5%. Under the “worst case” A2 scenario, 6% and 133% increase, respectively, in agricultural and urban areas with 30% depletion of forest and grassland would result into 70% increase in surface runoff, 20% decrease in soil moisture, and 4% decrease in evapotranspiration in certain parts of the basin. Conversion of cropland, forest, or grassland to perennial hay/pasture areas would lower surface runoff by 25% especially in the central region, whereas persistent forest cover in the northern region would cause up to 7% increase in evapotranspiration. The ecosystem in the lower half of UMRB is likely to become adverse, as dictated by a composite water–energy balance indicator. Future land use change extents and resultant hydrologic responses are found significantly different under A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios, which resonates the need for multi‐scenario ensemble assessments towards characterizing a probable future. The spatial variation of hydrologic processes as shown here helps to identify potential “hot spots,” giving ways to adopt more effective policy alternatives at regional level.
Synthesis and characterization of surface-modified magnetic mesoporous silicate materials for phosphate adsorption

The magnetic mesoporous silica material, Mag-MCM-41, was synthesized by coating magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with a mesoporous material called MCM-41. Mag-MCM-41 and modified nanomaterials Mag-MCM-41-NN and Mag-MCM-41-NN-Fe+3 which were modified with aminopropyl functional groups. In water and wastewater, phosphate anions are considered significant contaminants due to their detrimental impact on the environment. They promote the growth of algae, leading to eutrophication. The purpose of this study is to investigate the removal of phosphate anions from aqueous solutions using modified magnetic silica particles. The Mag-MCM-41 material exhibits hexagonal properties and belongs to the class of “mesoporous” materials. It has a surface area of 923 m2.g−1, which was determined through N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR, TEM, BET, and SAXS analysis. Kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies were conducted using Mag-MCM-41, Mag-MCM-41-NN, and Mag-MCM-41-NN-Fe+3 adsorbents to examine the behavior of phosphate anions. The kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies of phosphate anions revealed that the adsorption process on Mag-MCM-41, Mag-MCM-41-NN, and Mag-MCM-41-NN-Fe+3 adsorbents followed the chemical adsorption mechanism. Phosphate adsorption on all adsorbents occurred in a monolayer, and the MCM-41-NN-Fe+3 adsorbent exhibited the highest maximum adsorption capacity (qm) value of 112.87 mg.g−1 compared to the other adsorbents.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activities of Momordica charantia and Vernonia amygdalina extracts on some selected enteric isolates

Background: This research focuses on herbal medicine, an ancient healthcare practice, exploring the antibacterial attributes of fresh and dried leaf extracts from Momordica charantia (commonly known as Bitter melon) and Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf). The study specifically investigates their effects on different bacterial strains associated with gastroenteritis. Methods: Four enteric bacterial isolates-Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella typhi , Escherichia coli , and Proteus mirabilis - were obtained from the Medical Laboratory Unit at
Probabilistic Closed-Loop Active Grasping

Picking a specific object is an essential task of assistive robotics. While the majority of grasp detection approaches focus on grasp synthesis from a single depth image or point cloud, this approach is often not viable in an unstructured, uncontrolled environment. Due to occlusion, heavy influence of noise or simply because no collision-free grasp is visible from some perspectives, it is beneficial to collect additional information from other views before opting for grasp execution. We present a closed-loop approach that selects and navigates towards the next-best-view by minimizing the entropy of the volume under consideration. We use a local measure of estimation uncertainty of the surface reconstruction, to sample grasps and estimate their success probabilities in an online fashion. Our experiments show that our algorithm achieves better grasp success rates than comparable approaches, when presented with challenging household objects.
Predicting Amazon Fires For Policy Making

Os incêndios florestais são uma das principais ameaças à conservação e desenvolvimento da Amazônia brasileira. Para contê-los, um dos principais instrumentos de política pública que têm sido adotados é o de brigadas de combate a incêndios, cuja eficácia depende crucialmente do posicionamento geográfico. Buscando contribuir para um melhor planejamento deste posicionamento, o trabalho se concentra na identificação, na escala municipal, das principais variáveis previsoras de ocorrências de fogo. Um painel de dados inédito na literatura é construído a partir de imagens de satélite e dados socioeconômicos, abrangendo os anos de 2008, 2010 e 2012. São feitas contribuições metodológicas propondo-se procedimentos simples de seleção de modelos econométricos e de avaliação de robustez. Dos 41 potenciais previsores avaliados, apenas 9 mostraram-se significativos a um nível de incerteza tolerável, compreendendo áreas desmatadas, áreas de pastagens e de floresta, terras indígenas, temperatura e textura do solo.
Deriving relationships between diapir spacing and salt-layer thickness in the Southern North Sea

Abstract In analytical models of salt diapirism, the initial salt-layer thickness and the post-deformation spacing of salt structures are key parameters. Here, 3D seismic data from The Netherlands offshore has enabled these parameters to be measured over large areas which can then be compared with model predictions. Estimates of the original salt-layer thickness were obtained by spatially filtering present thickness, using filters with varied spatial scales that remove local effects. Loss of evaporite minerals by dissolution or erosion during exposure, cannot be ruled out and, as such, thicknesses are minima. Spacing estimates were derived in two dimensions by locating the minimum separation of lines representing ridgelines of diapirs/walls. Because the length scale of spatial filtering was chosen based on the dependent variable, diapir spacing, the results are non-unique. Nevertheless, choosing an apparently optimal filter length of 50 km, a ratio between diapir spacing and original thickness from 12 to 20 is defined. This ratio is greater than has been reported for the pillow province of the UK North Sea Quadrant 44, which is as expected if pillows evolve into diapirs with progressive halokinetic deformation. This work is key to understanding the evolution of salt displacement, a necessity for unlocking remaining hydrocarbon resources.
Influence of controlled density arrays of natural and artificial vegetation on flow field characteristics

The purpose of this study is to determine the ideal planting density for trapping sediment as a means for determining the most economic and efficient means of foredune development. Research was conducted along the Texas Gulf Coast, within Padre Island National Seashore over a two week period. Four pegboards were aligned perpendicular to oncoming wind direction. Artificial and natural vegetation were plugged into the pegboard at incremental increases in 5% vegetation cover using volumetric measures of both plant types. Both natural and artificial vegetation reduce wind speed proportionately higher between 30% and 50% vegetation density. Natural vegetation has a higher momentum flux compared to the artificial vegetation, however; the rate of change between the two is proportional. This suggests the artificial vegetation may act as a more ideal proxy for natural vegetation rather than solid elements. The sediment flux rate for natural vegetation showed a 90% reduction at a planting density of 18%. This is likely to be the lower limit of vegetation planting for foredune development. The low result in required percent cover for vegetation is likely a function of the low wind speeds experienced throughout the study period and it is suggested that a higher planting density be utilized.
Principals’ and Teachers’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Differentiation of Privatization — A Secondary Publication

Based on the keynote report by Professor Martin Thrupp, this paper discusses the hollowing out of educationprovision by the state and the permeation of managerialism. It was pointed out that principals and boards of trustees in socioeconomically advantaged areas may not be willing to share their benefits with schools in less advantaged areas. The new liberal policies have hollowed out state provision of education, so the education system has come to rely heavily on private actors. This paper also presents the current stage of privatization in Japan and the principals’ and teachers’ perceptions of privatization.
Advancing Graph‐Based Algorithms for Predicting Flow and Transport in Fractured Rock

Discrete fracture network (DFN) models are a powerful alternative to continuum models for subsurface flow and transport simulations because they explicitly include fracture geometry and network topology, thereby allowing for better characterization of the latter's influence on flow and transport through fractured media. Recent advances in high performance computing have opened the door for flow and transport simulations in large explicit three‐dimensional DFN, but this increase in model fidelity and system size comes at a huge computational cost because of the large number of mesh elements required to represent thousands of fractures (with sizes that can range several orders of magnitude, from millimeter to kilometer). In most subsurface applications, fracture characteristics are only known statistically and numerous realizations are needed to bound uncertainty in flow and transport in the system, thereby exacerbating the computational burden. Graphs provide a simple and elegant way to characterize, query, and interrogate fracture network connectivity. We propose a DFN model reduction framework where various graph representations are used in conjunction with high‐fidelity DFN simulations to increase computational efficiency while retaining accuracy of key quantities of interest. The appropriate choice of a graph representation, namely, which attributes of the DFN are to be represented as nodes and which ones as edges connecting those nodes, depends on the relevant scientific questions. We demonstrate that the proposed DFN model reduction framework provides an efficient means for DFN modeling through both system reduction of the DFN using graph‐based properties and combining DFN and graph‐based flow and transport simulations.
Trade-Offs between Avoidance of Noxious Electric Shock and Avoidance of Bright Light in Shore Crabs Are Consistent with Predictions of Pain

Simple Summary The idea that invertebrates feel pain is often dismissed because of claims that their responses to noxious stimuli are simply reflexes. Reflexes do not require higher-order processing, but that is required for pain experience. One way to test this claim is to ask if animals only respond to the noxious stimulus or if that response can be influenced by other motivations. Here, we report that shore crabs that enter a dark shelter from a light area and receive a shock are subsequently less likely to use that shelter if the light level is low and the shock level high. They trade their requirement to avoid bright light for the avoidance of the noxious shock. They learn to avoid the shelter and show signs of anxiety when deciding to enter the shelter to escape the light. These observations demonstrate that the responses to shock are not reflexes but are decisions that should improve the outcome better than a reflex alone. This balancing of needs is a key expectation of pain, and the results are consistent with the idea that crabs feel pain. Abstract The suggestion that decapod crustaceans might experience pain has been dismissed by some authors who claim decapods only respond to noxious stimuli by nociceptive reflexes. Because reflexes do not require complex neuronal processing, but pain does, demonstrating reflex responses to noxious stimuli would not support the case for pain. Here, we report an experiment in which shore crabs are repeatedly placed in a light area (20 trials), but the animals can avoid the light by moving to a dark shelter. However, some crabs received an electric shock of 6 or 12 volts each time they entered the shelter. Those receiving either level of shock swiftly reduced their use of shelters and remained in the light. However, the magnitude of shelter avoidance was influenced by the brightness of the arena and the intensity of the shock. Shelter use was subsequently reduced to a greater extent if the shock level was high and the light intensity low. That is, crabs traded their avoidance of shock for their avoidance of bright light. Further, these animals showed avoidance learning and demonstrated activities suggesting anxiety, such as contact with the tank wall in the light area and increased latency to enter shelters when making the decision to enter the shelter if they had received shock in earlier trials. These results fulfil three key behavioural criteria for pain and, thus, are consistent with the idea that decapods can experience pain.
Urea Fluctuations in Stream Baseflow across Land Cover Gradients and Seasons in a Coastal Plain River System

Urea‐N is a component of bioavailable dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) that contributes to coastal eutrophication. In this study, we assessed urea‐N in baseflow across land cover gradients and seasons in the Manokin River Basin on the Delmarva Peninsula. From March 2010 to June 2011, we conducted monthly sampling of 11 streams (4 tidal and 7 nontidal), 2 wastewater treatment plants, an agricultural drainage ditch, and groundwater underlying a cropped field. At each site, we measured urea‐N, DON, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), NO3−‐N, and NH4+‐N. In general, urea‐N comprised between 1% and 6% of TDN, with the highest urea‐N levels in drainage ditches (0.054 mg N/L) and wetland‐dominated streams (0.035–0.045 mg N/L). While urea‐N did not vary seasonally in tidal rivers, nontidal streams saw distinct urea‐N peaks in summer (0.038 mg N/L) that occurred several months after cropland fertilization in spring. Notably, the proportion of wetlands explained 78% of the variance in baseflow urea‐N levels across the Manokin watershed. In wetland‐dominated basins, we found urea‐N was positively related to water temperature and negatively related to DOC:DON ratios, indicating short‐term urea‐N dynamics at baseflow were more likely influenced by instream and wetland‐driven processes than by recent agricultural urea‐N inputs. Findings demonstrate important controls of wetlands on baseflow urea‐N concentrations in mixed land‐use basins.
High impact drivers in innovation ecosystems: the case of Tecnopuc-Fbk joint lab

Innovation ecosystems are developing new organization models of collaboration towards sustainability and creation of high impact. It requires the development of new ways of collaboration, both from the academic and company’s point of view. This research analyzes the way of working of two innovation ecosystems that are highly supported by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This way helps research, companies, and society to address their needs by the identification of four impact drivers of success, which are: consultancy, collaboration, education, and mobility. The main findings observed during the long-term collaboration of two innovation ecosystems extend the field of living labs and innovation platforms. Further research could validate and measure the success of the four drivers in the generation of high impact. The research presents practical implications for managers of innovation ecosystems.