Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural analysis and measured extension in fault complexes along the Lofoten‐Vesterålen margin, offshore Norway, in the context of crustal‐scale rifting towards breakup in NE Atlantic

Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene continental extension within the Lofoten‐Vesterålen margin is investigated by integrating 2D‐3D seismic and potential field datasets, together with updated crustal transects. Most of that deformation is recorded by two low‐angle detachment structures named West Røst High Fault Complex (WRHFC) and North Utrøst Ridge Fault Complex (NURFC) located at the southern and central‐northern portions of the studied area, respectively. Multiple extensional episodes of various intensities were mapped as different fault stages, including one Albian‐Cenomanian phase, four early Late Cretaceous phases, three Late Cretaceous to latest Cretaceous–Palaeocene phases, and one Palaeocene phase. The WRHFC is narrower in extent and has accommodated a relatively greater amount of localized extension (ca. 18–19 km), whereas the NURFC occupies a wider area with widespread extension intensity (ca. 6–8 km). In comparison, the total across‐margin average extension within the southern, central, and northern portions of the Lofoten‐Vesterålen and NE Greenland conjugate margins are ca. 192, 221, and 266 km, respectively. Such results indicate an apparent extension discrepancy between derived extension from measured fault‐block geometries within the fault complexes and the whole conjugate margin system, with only ca. 11% and 13% of the extension seen on the studied seismic profiles on the WRHFC and NURFC, respectively. The corrected maximum extension for purely sub‐seismic resolution faulting on both the WRHFC and NURFC fault complexes is ca. 164 and 46 km, respectively. Finally, both WRHFC and NURFC structures provide key evidence for a ductile mode of deformation towards breakup that is expressed through shear zones‐rift topography interactions with overlaying listric/detachment faults. These features reflect the resulting multiphase tectonic evolution across the asymmetric Lofoten‐Vesterålen and NE Greenland conjugate margins, and the obliquity in the breakup axis location along them. The study outcomes are pertinent and applicable to understand the breakup evolution of the northern NE Atlantic and its vicinity.
Binary pulsar evolution: unveiled links and new species

Abstract In the last years a series of blind and/or targeted pulsar searches led to almost triple the number of known binary pulsars in the galactic field with respect to a decade ago. The focus will be on few outliers, which are emerging from the average properties of the enlarged binary pulsar population. Some of them may represent the long sought missing links between two kinds of neutron star binaries, while others could represent the stereotype of new groups of binaries, resulting from an evolutionary path which is more exotic than those considered until recently. In particular, a new class of binaries, which can be dubbed Ultra Low Mass Binary Pulsars (ULMBPs), is emerging from recent data.
Climate change, trends in extremes, and model assessment for a long temperature time series from Sweden

Many problems in current climate research deal with extreme events. Since by definition there are few observations of really extreme events, it is a statistical challenge to assess whether observed trends are significant. In this paper we illustrate one method to look for climate signals in extreme temperature data, and how to compare the data to a climate simulation based on a regional climate model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on avifauna diversity in some selected localities in and around Madurai city

The present study aims to survey the avifaunal diversity in some selected localities in and around Madurai City, Tamil Nadu during June 2021 to April 2022. Birds were surveyed using short-strip transects counts (SSCT) method. A total of 99 species of birds belonging to 44 families and 86 genera have been recorded in Madurai city, of which 78 species are resident, 14 species are migrant and 7 species are local migrants. The Ardeidae were the most prominent family with 11 species, and their relative diversity index was the highest (RDi = 11.11). Carnivores’ bird community was found to be dominant among foraging pattern. According to their frequency of occurrence, 57 species (57.57%) were very common, 30 (30.30%) common and 12 (12.12%) rare. IUCN threat categories classify four species as “Near Threatened” and 95 species as “Least Concern”. The present study reveals the highest birds species diversity (Shannon’s), richness (Margalef’s), and evenness (Pielou’s) indices were found in the Madakulam area when compared to that of other study areas. Based on the occurrence of bird species in ten different areas, we can conclude that the diversity and richness of bird species increases with increased vegetation areas and decrease with greater human disturbances. Additionally, researchers have reported that anthropogenic disruptions will reduce the diversity of bird species, as well as other issues such as habitat loss, overhunting, structural collisions, pollution, climate change etc.
Regional White Matter Hyperintensities and Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Among Older Adults with Normal Cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) frequently co-occurs with other brain pathologies. Recent studies suggest there may be a mechanistic link between AD and small vessel cerebrovascular disease (CVD), as opposed to simply the overlap of two disorders. Objective: We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes (markers of CVD) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD. Methods: WMH volumes were assessed globally and regionally (i.e., frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and limbic). CSF AD biomarkers (i.e., Aβ 40, Aβ 42, Aβ 42/Aβ 40 ratio, phosphorylated tau-181 [p-tau181], and total tau [t-tau]) were measured among 152 non-demented individuals (134 cognitively unimpaired and 18 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)). Results: Linear regression models showed that among all subjects, higher temporal WHM volumes were associated with AD biomarkers (higher levels of p-tau181, t-tau, and Aβ 40), particularly among APOE ɛ 4 carriers (independent of Aβ 42 levels). Higher vascular risk scores were associated with greater parietal and frontal WMH volumes (independent of CSF AD biomarker levels). Among subjects with MCI only, parietal WMH volumes were associated with a lower level of Aβ 42/Aβ 40. In addition, there was an association between higher global WMH volumes and higher CSF t-tau levels among younger participants versus older ones (∼<65 versus 65+ years), independent of Aβ 42/Aβ 40 and p-tau181. Conclusion: These findings suggest that although WMH are primarily related to systemic vascular risk and neurodegeneration (i.e., t-tau), AD-specific pathways may contribute to the formation of WMH in a regionally-specific manner, with neurofibrillary tangles (i.e., p-tau) playing a role in temporal WMHs and amyloid (i.e., Aβ 42/Aβ 40) in parietal WMHs.
THE TRANSCENDENCE OF SERIES RELATED TO STERN'S DIATOMIC SEQUENCE

We prove various transcendence results regarding the Stern sequence and related functions; in particular, we prove that the generating function of the Stern sequence is transcendental. Transcendence results are also proven for the generating function of the Stern polynomials and for power series whose coefficients arise from some special subsequences of Stern's sequence.
A Nonlinear Industry-Level Analysis of China’s Trade Balances with the EU-28: Does the Utilization of the Vehicle Currency USD Matter?

Abstract As the USD is the globally dominant vehicle currency, the exchange rate USD/CNY can affect China’s trade balances with not only the US but also other partners. Nevertheless, most of the existing studies overlook its role when analyzing China’s trade balances with non-US partners. This common drawback conceals the possible effects of currency choice for invoicing the exported and imported merchandise. Moreover, the proportion of invoicing currencies can vary from industry to industry, which implies the distinctive patterns in China’s exchange rate-trade balance nexus at industry level. Motivated by the facts that China and the EU are now the largest trading partners of each other, and they substantially use the vehicle currency USD, this paper is the first to examine the nonlinear impacts of USD/CNY on China’s trade balances with the EU-28 at industry level, which minimizes aggregation bias and reveals more detailed and helpful findings for policy-makers. The empirical results indicate that the responses of China’s trade balances in each industry are contingent on the choice of invoicing currencies. And the depreciation of CNY against the vehicle currency USD cannot stimulate China’s trade balances.
Dissipativity of numerical schemes

The authors show that the way in which finite differences are applied to the nonlinear term in certain partial differential equations (PDES) can mean the difference between dissipation and blow up. For fixed parameter values and arbitrarily fine discretizations they construct solutions which blow up in finite time for two semi-discrete schemes. They also show the existence of spurious steady states whose unstable manifolds, in some cases, contain solutions which explode. This connection between the blow-up phenomenon and spurious steady states is also explored for Galerkin and nonlinear Galerkin semi-discrete approximations. Two fully discrete finite difference schemes derived from a third semi-discrete scheme, reported to be dissipative, are analysed. Both latter schemes are shown to have a stability condition which is independent of the initial data.
Impact of Gestational Diabetes and Hypertension Disorders of Pregnancy on Neonatal Outcomes in Twin Pregnancies Based on Chorionicity

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the co-existence of gestational diabetes (GDM) and hypertension disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies based on chorionicity. Methods: A retrospective study of 1398 women with twin pregnancies was performed between January 2016 and December 2021. The effects of GDM and HDP on neonatal outcomes were assessed by logistic regression models. An additional stratified analysis was conducted to estimate the effects based on chorionicity (monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC)). Results: The incidence of the co-existence of GDM and HDP was 3.8%. The presence of GDM increased the likelihood of HDP only in women with MC twin pregnancies (OR, 2.13; 95% CI 1.08–4.19). After adjustments, co-existence of GDM and HDP was positively associated with gestational age (β, 1.06; 95% CI 0.43–1.69) and birthweight (β, 174.90; 95% CI 8.91–340.89) in MC twin pregnancies, while no associations were found between co-existence of GDM and HDP and neonatal outcomes in DC twin pregnancies. However, HDP was negatively associated with birthweight (β, −156.97; 95% CI (−257.92, −56.02)) and positively associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (OR, 2.03; 95% CI 1.02–4.03) and discordant twins (OR, 2.83; 95% CI 1.78–4.48) in DC twin pregnant women without GDM. Conclusions: Our results suggested that GDM leads to an increased risk of HDP only in MC twin pregnancies, but GDM seemed to attenuate the adverse effects of HDP on perinatal outcomes in both MC and DC twin pregnancies. Further investigation is needed to explain these intriguing findings.
Parabolic Subgroups with Abelian Unipotent Radical as a Testing Site for Invariant Theory

Abstract Let $L$ be a simple algebraic group and $P$ a parabolic subgroup with Abelian unipotent radical ${{P}^{u}}$ . Many familiar varieties (determinantal varieties, their symmetric and skew-symmetric analogues) arise as closures of $P$ -orbits in ${{P}^{u}}$ . We give a unified invariant-theoretic treatment of various properties of these orbit closures. We also describe the closures of the conormal bundles of these orbits as the irreducible components of some commuting variety and show that the polynomial algebra $k[{{P}^{u}}]$ is a free module over the algebra of covariants.
Evidence of gravity wave-tidal interaction observed near the summer mesopause at Poker Flat, Alaska

Abstract An analysis of gravity wave-tidal interaction observed near the mesopause by the MST radar at Poker Flat in July of 1986 is presented. Our observations revealed daily mean wind maxima of ∼60 m s−1 westward and 20 m s−1 southward with daily mean momentum fluxes, contributed by gravity waves with periods less than 1 hour, of ∼4–5 m2 s−2 eastward and ∼1–2 m2 s−2 northward. Considerable hourly height variability was found to exist for both winds and momentum fluxes. A significant modulation of the fluxes by tidal winds was observed, characterized by out-of-phase correlations over a number of heights. Diurnal and semidiurnal winds and momentum fluxes exhibited very similar height variations, with amplitudes of ∼5–30 m s−1 and ∼1–5 m2 s−2, meridional winds leading zonal winds by ∼90°, and maximum fluctuating winds and momentum fluxes at lower levels. The observed variations in the amplitude and phase of winds and momentum fluxes provide some support to the gravity wave-tidal interaction model proposed .
High amylase concentration in drainage liquid can early predict proximal and distal intestinal anastomotic leakages: A prospective observational study

Background: Anastomotic leak (AL) is a serious complication in digestive surgery. Early diagnosis might allow clinicians to anticipate appropriate management. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of amylase concentration in drain fluid for the early diagnosis of digestive tract AL. Materials and Methods: Hundred and fourteen consecutive patients “at risk” of AL, in whom a flexible drainage was placed by surgeon's choice after digestive anastomosis were included. Patients with eso-gastric, bilio-digestive, and pancreatic anastomoses were excluded. Drain amylase measurement (DAM) was routinely performed on postoperative day (POD) 1, 3, 5–7. DAM values were compared between patients with postoperative AL versus patients without AL. A receiver-operating curve (ROC) with calculation of the areas under the ROC curves area under curves was performed and a cutoff value of DAM was calculated. Results: AL occurred in 25 patients (AL group) and 89 patients did not present AL (C group). The mean DAM was significantly higher in AL group versus C Group on POD 1, 3, and 5. A cutoff value of 307 IU/L predicted the occurrence of AL with a sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 100%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 97.5%, respectively. Patients with AL had an elevated DAM prior to the appearance of any clinical signs of AL. Conclusion: High level DAM could accurately predict AL for proximal and distal digestive tract anastomoses. This simple, noninvasive, and low-cost method can accurately predict early AL and help physicians to perform appropriate imaging and treatment.
Suppression of temperature hysteresis in negative thermal expansion compound BiNi1-xFexO3 and zero-thermal expansion composite

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) of BiNi1−xFexO3 is investigated. All x = 0.05, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.15 samples shows large NTE with the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CTE) αL exceeding −150 ppm K−1 induced by charge transfer between Bi5+ and Ni2+ in the controlled temperature range near room temperature. Compared with Bi1−xLnxNiO3 (Ln: rare-earth elements), the thermal hysteresis that causes a problem for practical application is suppressed because random distribution of Fe in the Ni site changes the first order transition to second order-like transition. The CTE of BiNi0.85Fe0.15O3 reaches −187 ppm K−1 and it is demonstrated that 18 vol. % addition of the present compound compensates for the thermal expansion of epoxy resin.
The validity of the kinetic collection equation revisited – Part 2: Simulations for the hydrodynamic kernel

Abstract. The kinetic collection equation (KCE) has been widely used to describe the evolution of the average droplet spectrum due to the collection process that leads to the development of precipitation in warm clouds. This deterministic, integro-differential equation only has analytic solution for very simple kernels. For more realistic kernels, the KCE needs to be integrated numerically. In this study, the validity time of the KCE for the hydrodynamic kernel is estimated by a direct comparison of Monte Carlo simulations with numerical solutions of the KCE. The simulation results show that when the largest droplet becomes separated from the smooth spectrum, the total mass calculated from the numerical solution of the KCE is not conserved and, thus, the KCE is no longer valid. This result confirms the fact that for kernels appropriate for precipitation development within warm clouds, the KCE can only be applied to the continuous portion of the mass distribution.
Soret Coefficient of Some Binary Liquid Mixtures

Abstract We have measured with the thermogravitational method the Soret coefficient of the binary liquid systems: benzene+nhexane, toluene+nheptane and carbon tetrachloride with heptane and hexane, in a well characterized column used in a previous work to measure the systems benzene+nheptane and toluene+nhexane. The obtained results show that the Soret coefficient takes nearly the same value in the mixtures of each one of the components, benzene, toluene or carbon tetrachloride with hexane and heptane. For all the systems considered it varies slowly with the concentration and is nearly independent of temperature. The higher values of the thermal diffusion factor correspond to mixtures containing carbon tetrachloride. Previous results for these systems were obtained in an imperfect apparatus and must be disregarded.
A practical solution to the problem of ultimate ruin probability

Abstract In a heuristic way, comparable to the method used by Bohman (1977) in the derivation of his rule of thumb, we find an approximation to the probability of ruin in an infinite time period, in the classical risk model. The solution is practical because our formula is very simple and because it uses only the three first moments of the distribution function of one claim. The risk reserve Yt at the instant t depends, among other things, on the expected number λ. of claims in one year, the expected cost α of one claim, the security loading η. We replace the stochastic process Yt (t⩾0) by a stochastic process Y′ t (t⩾0), also interpreted as a risk reserve, in such a way that (i) the distribution function of one claim cost is 1 − e−x/α′ in the new process, (ii) the new parameters λ′, α′, η′ are fixed in such a way that fd_114_1 Then the probability of ultimate ruin in the initial process is approximated by the probability of ruin in the new process. We verified the quality of the approximation on almost a.
The effect of chemical residues on the physical and electrical properties of chemical vapor deposited graphene transferred to SiO2

The effects of residues introduced during the transfer of chemical vapor deposited graphene from a Cu substrate to an insulating (SiO2) substrate on the physical and electrical of the transferred graphene are studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy show that this residue can be substantially reduced by annealing in vacuum. The impact of the removal of poly(methyl methacrylate) residue on the electrical properties of graphene field effect devices is demonstrated, including a nearly 2 × increase in average mobility from 1400 to 2700 cm2/Vs. The electrical results are compared with graphene doping measurements by Raman spectroscopy.
Stable Weights that Balance Covariates for Estimation With Incomplete Outcome Data

Weighting methods that adjust for observed covariates, such as inverse probability weighting, are widely used for causal inference and estimation with incomplete outcome data. Part of the appeal of such methods is that one set of weights can be used to estimate a range of treatment effects based on different outcomes, or a variety of population means for several variables. However, this appeal can be diminished in practice by the instability of the estimated weights and by the difficulty of adequately adjusting for observed covariates in some settings. To address these limitations, this article presents a new weighting method that finds the weights of minimum variance that adjust or balance the empirical distribution of the observed covariates up to levels prespecified by the researcher. This method allows the researcher to balance very precisely the means of the observed covariates and other features of their marginal and joint distributions, such as variances and correlations and also, for example, the quantiles of interactions of pairs and triples of observed covariates, thus, balancing entire two- and three-way marginals. Since the weighting method is based on a well-defined convex optimization problem, duality theory provides insight into the behavior of the variance of the optimal weights in relation to the level of covariate balance adjustment, answering the question, how much does tightening a balance constraint increases the variance of the weights? Also, the weighting method runs in polynomial time so relatively large datasets can be handled quickly. An implementation of the method is provided in the new package sbw for R. This article shows some theoretical properties of the resulting weights and illustrates their use by analyzing both a dataset from the 2010 Chilean earthquake and a simulated example.
The mirror and ion cyclotron anisotropy instabilities

The linear dispersion equation for fully electromagnetic waves and instabilities at arbitrary directions of propagation relative to a background magnetic field Bo in a homogeneous Vlasov plasma is solved numerically for bi-Maxwellian particle distributions. For isotropic plasmas the dispersion and damping of the three modes below the proton cyclotron frequency are studied as functions of βi and Te/Ti. The transport ratios of helicity, cross-helicity, Alfven ratio, compressibility, and parallel compressibility are defined. Under the condition that the proton temperature perpendicular to Bo is greater than the parallel temperature, the growth rates and transport ratios of the mirror instability and the ion cyclotron anisotropy instability are examined and compared. Both the proton parallel compressibility and the proton Alfven ratio are significantly different for the two growing modes.
Computation of a Nonequilibrium Expansion Flow in a Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle

The simulation of the flow inside the propulsion system is of essential interest, for the design of airbreating hypersonic vehicles. To compute accurately the expansion flow of a hydrogen/air mixture at high temperatures, the chemical and vibrational nonequilibrium effects must be taken into account. A finite element code is used to model chemical reactions considering finite-rate chemistry and vibrational relaxations according to the Landau-Teller theory (Landau, L., and Teller, E., "Zur Theorie der Schalldispersion", Physikalische Zeitschrift der Sowjetunion, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1936, pp. 34-43). The computational domain is discretized by applying unstructured adaptive grids. Different test cases are computed, and the results are compared with measured and numerical data. In one test case, a remarkable difference between the rotational and vibrational temperature of a hydrogen/air nozzle flow is seen. This difference in the experiment is also supported by the computation. Because the applied relaxation rates are small compared to other data given in literature, the thermal nonequilibrium effects gain more importance.