Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anterior Knee Pain After Intramedullary Tibia Nailing in A Muslim Society: A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Two Different Nail Insertion Techniques -

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare mean anterior knee pain score on cyclical kneeling at 12 weeks from intramedullary nailing for tibia shaft fractures with paratendinous approach versus transtendinous approach at a tertiary health care centre. Methods: 157 patients admitted with tibia diaphyseal fractures who subsequently underwent antegrade tibia nail insertion were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided in two groups. Group A consisted of patients underwent antegrade nail insertion using transtendinous approach and Group B underwent nail insertion using paratendinous approach. A standard study proforma was used to collect patients data and to record pain on kneeling on ground using a 100 mm Visual Analog Score (VAS). The assessment for pain was performed by a physician who wasblinded for the type of surgical approach that was used for nailing of tibia. Results: Mean age of patients in group A 35 ± 10 and in group B 36 ± 11 with P- value 0.655 which was statistically insignificant, similarly BMI was statistically insignificant as BMI 28 ± 6 and 26 ± 4 for group A and B respectively with insignificant P- value (0.073). After surgery, VAS scoring was done for anterior knee pain on cyclical kneeling at 12 weeks of surgery. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the score among the two study arms as 22 ± 8 and 21 ± 10 VAS evaluated in group A and B respectively with P- value (0.709). Conclusion: The choice of surgical approach, transtendinous versus paratendinous does not affect the outcome of antegrade tibia nailing with respect to anterior knee pain. There was no increase incidence of anterior knee pain associated with either of the two approaches. Therefore both approaches can be safely used to cite the entry portal for tibia nail insertion. Further detailed studies are required to study more causes of anterior knee pain.
Analysis of various optimizers on deep convolutional neural network model in the application of hyperspectral remote sensing image classification

ABSTRACT Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a most challenging task in hyperspectral remote sensing field due to unique characteristics of HSI data. It consists of huge number of bands with strong correlations in the spectral and spatial domains. Moreover, limited training samples make it more challenging. To address such problems, we have presented here a spatial feature extraction technique using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for HSI classification. As optimizer plays an important role in learning process of deep CNN model, we have presented the effect of seven different optimizers on our deep CNN model in the application of HSI classification. The seven different optimizers used in this study are SGD, Adagrad, Adadelta, RMSprop, Adam, AdaMax, and Nadam. Extensive experimental results on four hyperspectral remote sensing data sets have been presented which demonstrate the superiority of the presented deep CNN model with Adam optimizer for HSI classification.
What Preservice Teachers Say and Do When Deciphering Students’ Multiple Solution Strategies

In this study, we decomposed the broad practice of deciphering multiple solution strategies. We conducted interviews with 11 preservice elementary teachers, in which we asked teachers to decipher students’ standard and nonstandard strategies to multiplication and division problems. We examined what teachers said and did—what we refer to as “subpractices”—as they engaged in the broad practice of deciphering multiple strategies. Inductive analysis revealed the presence of 10 subpractices. The subpractice of comparing and contrasting nonstandard methods was associated with success in deciphering students’ strategies, whereas two other subpractices—identifying number decompositions and relating nonstandard methods to the standard algorithm—were at times associated with success but at other times with a lack thereof. This study adds to a growing body of work seeking to support preservice teachers in learning the complex practices of reform-oriented mathematics teaching by decomposing these practices into their component parts.
Implementasi K-Nearest Neighbor untuk Klasifikasi Bunga Dengan Ekstraksi Fitur Warna RGB

Era computer vision merupakan era dimana komputer dilatih untuk bisa melihat, mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasi seperti kecerdasan manusia. Algoritma klasifikasi berkembang dari yang paling sederhana seperti K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) sampai Convolutional Neural Networks. KNN merupakan algoritma klasifikasi yang paling sederhana dalam mengklasifikasikan sebuah gambar kedalam sebuah label. Metode ini mudah dipahami dibandingkan metode lain karena mengklasifikasikan berdasarkan jarak terdekat dengan objek lain (tetangga). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan kelemahan metode KNN dan ekstraksi fitur warna RGB dengan karakteristik tertentu. Percobaan pertama dilakukan terhadap dua objek dengan kemiripan bentuk tetapi dengan warna yang mencolok di salah satu sisi objek. Percobaan kedua terhadap dua objek yang memiliki perbedaan karakteristik bentuk meskipun memiliki kemiripan warna. Empat objek tersebut adalah bunga coltsfoot, daisy, dandelion dan matahari. Total data dalam dataset adalah 360 data. Dataset memiliki tantangan variasi sudut pandang, penerangan, dan gangguan dalam latar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi metode klasifikasi KNN dengan ekstraksi fitur warna RGB memiliki kelemahan terhadap percobaan pertama dengan akurasi 50-60% pada K=5. Percobaan kedua memiliki akurasi sekitar 90-100% pada K=5. Peningkatan akurasi, precision dan recall terjadi ketika menaikkan jumlah K yaitu dari K=1menjadi K=3 dan K=5. Kata kunci : k-nearest neighbour, RGB, kelemahan, kemiripan, bunga IMPLEMENTATION OF K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR FOR FLOWER CLASSIFICATION WITH EXTRACTION OF RGB COLOR FEATURES The era of computer vision is an era where computers are trained to be able to see, identify and classify as human intelligence. Classification algorithms develop from the simplest such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) to Convolutional Neural Networks. KNN is the simplest classification algorithm in classifying an image into a label. This method is easier to understand than other methods because it classifies based on the closest distance to other objects (neighbors). The purpose of this research is to prove the weakness of the KNN method and the extraction of RGB color features for specific characteristics. The first experiment on two objects with similar shape but with sharp color on one side of the object. The second experiment is done on two objects that have different shape characteristics even having a similar colors. The four objects are coltsfoot, daisy, dandelion and sunflower. Total data in the dataset is 360 data. The dataset has the challenge of varying viewpoints, lighting and background noise. The results show that the collaboration of the KNN classification method with RGB color feature extraction has weakness in the first experiment with the level of accuracy about 50-60% at K = 5. The second experiment has an accuracy of around 90-100% at K = 5. Increased accuracy, precision and recall occur when increasing the amount of K, from K = 1 to K = 3 and K = 5. Keywords : k-nearest neighbour , RGB, weakness, similar, flower
Hearing: An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics

This book is intended to introduce the new student of hearing science to the physiology and psychology of audition, in such a way as to overcome "the frustrating dilemma imposed by textbooks that are either too basic or too advanced. " The first half of the book covers anatomy, conductive mechanisms, cochlear mechanisms, and auditory nerve-central pathway neuroelectric response properties. The second half of the book is devoted to psychoacoustics, with chapters on psychophysical methods, auditory sensitivity, masking, pitch, loudness, binaural hearing, and speech perception. The chapters on conductive mechanisms, psychoacoustic methods, and binaural hearing are well written. Acoustics and averaged evoked potentials are two important areas that receive little attention. All of the chapters are well organized, cite classic and contemporary studies, and include many figures from the literature. It was somewhat distracting, however, to find so many typographical errors throughout the text. As was the author's intent, this book
HIV and sexually transmitted co-infections among sex workers in the Southern African economic region

Background: The Southern African Development Community (SADC) economic block is the most affected region by HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite programmatic interventions, HIV infections remain unprecedentedly high among female sex workers (FSW) in the region. This review assesses the HIV burden and the drivers associated with FSW in the SADC region. Methods: We systematically extracted and analyzed HIV burden and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) research data on FSW indexed in various journal platform and reports from governmental and nongovernmental organizations between 2003 and 2015. Meta-analysis technique was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of the HIV burden among FSW in the region. Results: Of the 192 peer-reviewed articles and reports addressing HIV burden, only 21 articles met eligibility criteria totaling 14998 FSW. The combined overall pool HIV prevalence was estimated at 42.0% (95% CI 0.41–0.43). The estimated pooled HIV prevalence ranged from 16% (95% CI 0.13–18) in Democratic Republic of Congo, 59% (95% CI 0.57–0.62) in South Africa and 71% (95% CI 0.65–0.76) in Malawi. The most common STIs reported were syphilis, Chlamydia, and gonorrhea with little emphasis on viruses. Structural factors such as stigma and discrimination, access to healthcare services and various socioeconomic and political barriers impeded treatment and prevention. Conclusion: The HIV prevalence among FSW was 5–30 times higher when compared to the overall female reproductive age population in the SADC region. This signifies and necessitates increase evidence based HIV/STIs research and programs among FSW in the SADC region.
The joint effects of energy prices and carbon taxes on environmental and economic performance: Evidence from the French sector

The paper estimates the effect of energy prices and carbon taxation on firms’ environmental and economic performance. The analysis uses data on 8 000 firms that are representative of the French manufacturing sector and observed during 2001-2016. This paper also measures the causal impact of the carbon tax over the period 2014-2018 and simulates the effect of further increasing the carbon tax rate from €45 to €86 per tonne of CO2.
Biological Sex Differences in the Gene Expression and Contractile Function of Cardiac Myocytes

Significant sexual dimorphisms have been demonstrated in the development, presentation and outcome of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans as well as in animal models. Biological sex is an important modifier of the development of CVD with younger women generally being protected, but this cardioprotection is lost later in life, suggesting a role for estrogen. Additionally, even though CVD is the number one killer of women in the U.S., women have traditionally been omitted from clinical trials and female animals have commonly been excluded from basic research studies. This research bias has led to the development of cardiovascular therapeutics that are not as effective in women relative to men suffering from the same disease. A more thorough understanding of sex-specific cardiovascular differences both at baseline and in disease is required to effectively treat all patients with CVD. In this thesis I characterize the baseline differences in function, gene expression and estrogen signaling that exist in the contractile cells of the heart, the cardiac myocytes. Specifically, I characterized the expression, localization and signaling characteristics of the estrogen receptor, ERα, in neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes. Because I did not observe sexual dimorphisms in the expression or localization of ERα in adult cardiac myocytes, I sought to investigate other potential mechanisms mediating the sexually dimorphic functional differences I observed in the whole heart, cardiac myocytes and myofibrils. I therefore conducted an RNA-sequencing experiment to identify cardiac myocyte gene expression differences between the sexes. In addition to demonstrating that hundreds of genes are differentially expressed between male and female myocytes, I also identified sexually dimorphic enriched pathways, such as the PKA pathway, that could be mediating the differences in contractility observed at baseline. Overall these studies provide insight to the sex differences in cardiac function, gene expression and signaling pathways that exist during baseline conditions, which is essential for better understanding the disparity in cardiovascular disease development between the sexes.
THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND STOCK RETURNS OF COAL COMPANIES

This study aimed to investigate the impact of external and internal factors on financial performance and stock return of coal companies listed in the Indonesia stock exchange. The simultaneous equations model was constructed and estimated using the 2SLS (Two-Stage Least Squares) method. The annual data panel of seven coal mining companies from 2012 up to 2017 were utilized. The results of the model validation showed that 76.92% of the variables have U-Theil values below 0.5 and 23.1%, the values are above 0.5, which means that the predictive values of endogenous variables were good enough for simulation models. Based on the modeling and simulation results, we concluded that coal prices, the rupiah exchange rate, China's GDP were external factors that influence the amount of coal export sales. The exchange rate of the dollar against the rupiah was an external factor that has a dominant impact on the value of MVA and the stock returns. Coal price was external factors that have a dominant impact on financial performance (EBIT, PAT, and EVA). Reduction of revenue costs, operational costs, and general administration was an internal factor that could be carried out to reduce the impact on financial performance in case of changes in external factors, but this did not affect the stock return and MVA.Keywords: Coal, EBIT, EVA, MVA, ReturnAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak perubahan faktor eksternal dan internal terhadap kinerja keuangan dan return saham perusahaan batubara yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia. Model persamaan simultan dibangun dan diestimasi menggunakan metode 2SLS (Two Stage Least Squares). Data panel tujuh perusahaan pertambangan batubara tahun 2012–2017 digunakan pada penelitian ini. Hasil validasi model yang dibangun menunjukkan bahwa 76,92% dari variabel mempunyai nilai U-Theil dibawah 0,5 dan 23,1% nilainya diatas 0,5, yang berarti bahwa nilai prediksi variabel endogen cukup baik digunakan untuk simulasi model. Berdasarkan pemodelan dan hasil simulasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa harga batubara, nilai tukar rupiah, GDP Tiongkok merupakan faktor-faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi jumlah penjualan batubara ekspor. Nilai tukar dollar terhadap rupiah merupakan faktor eksternal yang berdampak dominan terhadap nilai MVA dan nilai return saham. Harga batubara merupakan faktor eksternal yang berdampak dominan terhadap kinerja keuangan (EBIT,PAT dan EVA). Pengurangan biaya pendapatan, biaya operasional dan administrasi umum merupakan satu-satunya faktor internal yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak terhadap kinerja keuangan jika terjadi perubahan faktor eksternal, namun hal itu tidak berdampak terhadap return saham dan MVA. Kata kunci: Batubara, EBIT, EVA,MVA, Return
Hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated adenomas: the differential diagnosis dilemma

ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬНАЯ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИЯ, 3 , 2017 The 1st serrated lesion to be described was the traditional serrated adenoma, defined by Longacre and Fenoglio Preiser in 1990 as «polyp with the architectural but not the cytologic features of Hyperplastic Polyp (HP)» [1]. Six years later Torlakovic and Snover defined the «serrated adenoma» as a distinct type of polyp that differed from the closely resembling hyperplastic polyp [2]; the term «sessile serrated adenoma» was so introduced. From that time many efforts have been made to characterize these lesions from an pathological, molecular and endoscopic point of view. Serrated colon polyps area group of heterogeneous lesions histologically characterized by glandular serration (ie, a saw-tooth folding of colonic crypt epithelium). The World Health Organization classified them as: Hyperplastic Polyps (HPs), Sessile Serrated Adenoma/Polyp (SSAs), Traditional Serrated Adenomas (TSAs), Mixed Polyps (MPs) and according to literature data they are the 36% of all colonic polyps [3]. While TSAs and MPs have always been diagnosed as adenomatous polyps and like them treated and surveilled, HPs and SSAs were once all diagnosed as HPs (diagnostic overlap), the differential diagnosisis difficult also for the pathologist but of significant importance since they have completely different anatomopathological, molecular, endoscopic features and as a consequence of that different malignant potential and follow-up. Exception made for HPs, the other serrated lesions have a malignant potential and follow a different pathway of carcinogenesis to the traditional «adenoma-carcinoma sequence». TSAs are more frequently KRAS mutated, but they can also be BRAF mutated [4, 5]; they follow the so called «alternative pathway» that leads to cancers that have similar features to the onesoriginating from the traditional adenomas: CIMP low and microsatellite stable [5—7]. SSAs are associated with BRAF mutations and follow the so called «serrated pathway» that leads to cancers that are CIMP high and microsatellite instable and are very similar to the ones seen in Lynch syndrome [6, 8—11]. The progression from a SSAto cancer is more rapid once that dysplasia arises [12]. A number of studies have reported that SSAs are associated with an increased risk of synchronous and metachronous neoplasia, including both advanced adenomas and cancer [13—18]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the misdiagnosis rate of SSAs as HPs during a 8 years period (2006— 2013) and the association between SPs and other colorectal lesions. We decided to focus on SSAs since they represent, in our opinion, the subtype of serrated lesion of most interest both for pathologists and endoscopists because of https://doi.org/10.17116/dokgastro20176326-29
Undergraduates at a Research University Think of Faculty as Teachers and That Teaching is Prestigious

What do university students understand about faculty work? Undergraduate (mostly first-year) students (N = 317) at a research university gave definitions of tenure, estimated how much time faculty spend teaching, and rated fictional faculty members. Most students could define tenure but could not describe how it is earned or its role in academic freedom. Students overestimated the time faculty spend on teaching and underestimated time spent on research. Finally, students who assumed that fictional faculty taught more courses also assumed they had higher status. By comparison, faculty respondents (N = 645) who read the same fictional descriptions assumed higher teaching loads went with lower status markers. As they acculturate to life at a research university, first-year students could benefit from learning about faculty research roles and the value of academic freedom.
Illuminating a Black Box of the Peer Review System: Demographics, Experiences, and Career Benefits of Associate Editors

Editors are often described as gatekeepers of scientific publishing, as they are responsible for maintaining journal standards, deciding what is published, and ultimately guiding discourse. Scientists who are journal editors gain career benefits, yet these are rarely described to early career researchers, much less how to prepare for such a role. Additionally, disparities at the editorial level could impact which scientists receive benefits of filling these roles. To better characterize the demographics and professional experiences of current associate editors, while also highlighting the benefits and potential challenges to this position, we conducted a survey of associate editors for the Association for the Sciences of Limnology & Oceanography society journals. Our results highlight potential demographic disparities present in the editorial pool, including that non‐native English speaking editors assume the role after obtaining more experience serving as a peer reviewer than native English speaking editors. Our results also highlight several rewards along with challenging components of being an editor. We hope our results can inform early career researchers on steps they can take to prepare themselves for editorial work, as well as provide strategies for scientific societies to minimize editorial board disparities.
UTILITY OF CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE MANDIBLE IN DETECTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased bone fragility. Dental radiographsare widely used in the adult population especially Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) that is used in oral and maxillofacial surgeryfor numerous clinical applications. Therefore, dental radiographs may offer an opportunity as a screening tool for the early detection ofosteoporosis and subsequent referral.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of mandibular CBCT images for the detection of osteoporosisin postmenopausal women and to correlate it to Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan results.MATERIALS AND METHODS: twenty four postmenopausal female patients were recruited in this study. Based on their DEXA results,they were classified into osteoporotic and control non-osteoporotic groups. CBCT examination was done as part of surgical treatment. Coronalimages were used to measure the computed tomography mandibular index (CTMI) and the computed tomography index (superior) (CTIS). Thecorrelation between these indices and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA were assessed.RESULTS: There were significant differences between the control and osteoporotic groups in the computed tomography mandibular indexsuperior CTI(S), and computed tomography mental index (CTMI: inferior cortical width). There was significant positive correlation betweenCTMI and T-score measured by DEXA.CONCLUSIONS: CTI(S) and CTMI on the CBCT images can be used to assess the osteoporotic women.