Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reoccurrence and distribution of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical specimens in Bauchi, North eastern Nigeria

Nosocomial infection caused by methicillin resistan t staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents with management difficulties in infected patients d ue to their resistance to a number of other frontline antibiotics and constitutes significant e pidemiological problems. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of methicill in resistant S. aureus and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in clinical isolates in Bauchi. There is dearth of information on this subject in Bauchi. One hundred and fifty (150) S. aureus isola tes from various clinical specimens obtained over a 12-month period in the Microbiology Departme nt of Specialist Hospital Bauchi, Bauchi state were subjected to methicillin susceptibility testing, while including susceptibility testing to other antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Out of 150 S. aureus isolates tested, 42(28.0%) were found to be methicillin resistant. While 24(57 .1%) MRSA isolates were obtained from in- patients, 18(42.0%) MRSA were from out-patients. Fe male patients had 27 (64.3%) MRSA isolates, while male patients had 15 (35.7%) MRSA i solates. Urine sample had the highest prevalence of 17 (40.5%) MRSA isolates, while the l east was from ear swab with 4 (2.7%), and there was no MRSA isolated from nasal swab. Antibio tics sensitivity results of methicillin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methic illin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with common antibiotics Gentamicin and Cipro floxacin were encouraging. A prevalence of 28.0% MRSA in this environment calls for urgent intervention strategies due to its possible rapid spread and therapeutic problem.
Incentivising international publications: institutional policymaking in Chinese higher education

ABSTRACT This study examines Chinese universities’ incentive schemes for international publication in the humanities and social sciences (HSS). It analysed 172 incentive documents collected at 116 research-intensive universities in China, including monetary bonus schemes and career-related incentives. This analysis is complemented by interviews with six senior administrators at six Chinese universities and four journal editors to explore the policy-making process and impact of incentivisation. The study found that most universities actively promoted international publications, with variations and similarities in their incentive schemes. In general, more benefits were granted for SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index) and A&HCI (Arts and Humanities Citation Index) journal publications than domestic publications. We conclude that such incentivisation showcases the influence of western standards and global benchmarking in the internationalisation of Chinese HSS, and that the incentive schemes may create a ‘Matthew Effect’ enabling SSCI and A&HCI journals to flourish, while deepening the divide between these and other journals.
The Role of Moderators in Linking Job Crafting to Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study on the Indian Hospitality Sector

The purpose of this article is to test the conceptual model that addresses the association between job crafting (JC) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and also highlights how mindfulness and trust influence the JC and OCB relationship of front-line employees in hospitality sector. The data for the present study was collected from 246 front-line employees of Delhi-NCR regions of northern India. In order to avoid common method variance effect, the data was collected in two phases, namely T1 and T2. Techniques such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA), discriminant validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the hypothesized model. The results show that JC strengthens OCB and also found that trust and mindfulness act as moderators for JC and OCB relationship. JC will help employees to manage their resources efficiently and this process of seeking resources and challenges at work is likely to increase OCB. Mindfulness promotes concentration and interest on work which in turn helps employees to explore new and creative ways to improve their work and makes it more meaningful which in turn improves the organization. The authors could not locate any study on JC in the Indian hospitality industry. In hotel industry, satisfaction and engagement of hotel workers is essential for superior customer service. Therefore, the outcomes of this research work could be helpful to the hotel managers in finding the alternative ways to motivate and engage employees in order to generate OCB. As the sample consisted of only 246 respondents belonging to the North Indian region, therefore, the outcomes of the study cannot be generalized. In future research, retesting of the new model can be done on a larger sample and different cultural contexts. Extended work of the current research work is likely to highlight the possible implications of JC in facilitating positive organizational outcomes and increased prosocial behaviour.
Time, Money, and Punishment: Institutional Racial-Ethnic Inequalities in Pretrial Detention and Case Outcomes

While prior research finds that pretrial detention has downstream consequences for racial inequalities in conviction and sentencing, it is often conceptualized as a discrete event within the criminal justice system. This study instead argues that pretrial detention operates as a racial-ethnic stratification process across time. We assess whether temporal and monetary dimensions of pretrial produce and reinforce racial-ethnic disparities in pretrial and subsequent case outcomes. Results indicate that time and money significantly stratify defendants by race and ethnicity, where bond amounts increase time detained, and that time detained in turn reinforces racial inequalities in conviction and incarceration. Indicative of cumulative understandings of inequality, our study shows how time and money in pretrial detention perpetuate inequalities in the criminal justice system.
Initial Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Entrepreneurial and Intrapreneurial Intentions in Student Pharmacists

Objective. To develop a questionnaire for measuring entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions among student pharmacists and to identify characteristics and personality traits that are associated with these intentions. Methods. A 105-item survey instrument was developed and administered to all Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students (incoming to third year) at a large public university. It consisted of nine scales pertaining to entrepreneurism including previously validated and some newly developed scales adapted for use among student pharmacists. Data analysis consisted of factor analysis to determine scale constructs, reliability assessment, and systematic item-reduction analysis. Multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling was used to determine and confirm the association of personality traits and demographic characteristics with entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions. Results. Of 289 students surveyed, 286 useable survey instruments were included in the analysis. Factor analysis was conducted for each scale, and items that did not load on their theorized factor or had cross-loadings above the permissible limits were removed, reducing the survey to 69 items. Findings demonstrated that gender, joint degree program, and autonomy were significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions, and achievement motivation, leadership self-efficacy, and problem-solving were significant predictors of intrapreneurial intentions. Conclusion. A multi-dimensional questionnaire to measure entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of student pharmacists was developed and a few key predictors of such intentions were identified. When fully validated, the questionnaire may be used in pharmacy schools for several purposes, including in the PharmD admission process to gain additional insights into a student’s potential to become a future innovative entrepreneurial or intrapreneurial practitioner.
Making debating great again: U.S. Presidential candidates’ use of aggressive communication for winning presidential debates

Abstract This study explores how presidential candidates leveraged social aggression within the 2015–2016 U.S. presidential primary and general election debates in an effort to characterize their opposition, get ahead of their opponents, and compete for votes. Using a content analysis, this research identifies trends in the use of social, verbal, and nonverbal aggression by presidential candidates over time (both early and late in the election cycle), across political parties (Democratic and Republican primaries) and in different parts of the campaign process (primary elections and general election). Data show that political front-runners were the greatest victims of aggression in the primary debates. Additionally, aggression increased over time within each debate segment analyzed, with the general election debates featuring more aggression than the primary debates.
How to use a wide variety of words in telling a story with a small vocabulary: cognitive predictors of lexical selection for simultaneous bilingual children

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that vocabulary size is a strong predictor of the lexical variety in monolingual children’s stories. Bilingual children often score lower than monolinguals on vocabulary tests so they might produce fewer word types than monolinguals. However, studies have shown that bilingual children can tell stories with equivalent lexical variety to monolinguals. In this study, we tested whether bilingual children’s cognitive flexibility is a better predictor of lexical variety than vocabulary. French-English bilinguals between 4 and 6 years told the story of a cartoon they watched. The bilinguals used just as many word types as age-matched English monolinguals and equivalent numbers in English and French. The lexical variety in bilinguals’ stories was highly related to the costs of mixing trials on a dimensional change card sort task, but not vocabulary. These results suggest that cognitive flexibility can help bilingual children lexicalise concepts.
Towards a Critical Housing Studies Research Agenda on Platform Real Estate

ABSTRACT The pace and scope of digital innovation targeting the real estate industry has intensified over the past decade. This article is therefore concerned with the digitization of the residential real estate industry, and how critical housing scholars might shape a research agenda on this transformation. We set out platform logic, digital labor, and financialization as a conceptual vocabulary for studying new digital modalities of real estate practice. Platform logic highlights questions of power and politics relating to the data collection capacities potentially obscured by platforms’ convenience and ease of use. Digital labor points to how platform real estate may change relationships among incumbent real estate professionals, investors and property owners, and tenants and residents. Financialization shifts the focus to how digital platforms participate in the contemporary political economy of housing. The article concludes with an agenda for critical housing research on digital real estate platforms
The experience of hospital discharge planning for informal caregivers of older people with dementia : an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Background: Whilst involving IDC in the HDPP can reduce patients’ length of stay and readmissions, research has shown that their inclusion is scarce. Limiting IDC participation in decisions relating to their needs or the welfare of those they care for can yield adverse repercussions for their mental-health, disrupt continuity of care, extend patients’ hospital stay, and increase the likelihood of patients’ readmission to hospital. Given these costs it is imperative to comprehend how this particular client-group thinks and feels about the hospital discharge planning phenomenon. Nevertheless, minimal studies have investigated this topic area. In response to this gap in knowledge, the present thesis investigated the experience of the hospital discharge planning process for informal caregivers of individuals with dementia. Method: Data was harvest from participants via the employment of face-to-face semistructured interviews which were later verbatim transcribed. Participants idiosyncratic narratives were examined and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The participants were five informal caregivers of older patients with dementia aged between 52 and 71 who took part in their care-recipient’ hospital discharge planning process. Findings: Three superordinate themes emerged from the IPA analysis: 1) the negative aspects of the discharge planning process 2) focus on relationships and 3) employing coping mechanisms to counteract taxing experiences. It appears that the challenges that participants encountered in their meetings with hospital personnel and the changes they experienced in their interactions with their care-recipients, coupled with the costs they incurred in their daily life, triggered in them a range of negative thoughts and feelings which diminished from their psychological wellbeing. This propelled the participants to employ various coping strategies in an attempt to alleviate their internal turmoil. However, the efficacy of these tactics was questionable. Conclusions: The experience of the HDPP for IDC comprises of multiple psychological dimensions. Nevertheless, the HDPP does not address IDC mental health needs. Therefore, this thesis suggests that counselling psychologists work as facilitators of psychological wellbeing on hospital wards. Such an initiative could provide caregivers access to mental health interventions in real time which they would struggle to attain in the community due to long waiting lists. Additionally, counselling psychologists and other applied psychologists should share their knowledge of therapy skills with hospital personnel in order to help staff form and maintain a nourishing relationship with IDC. Implications for future investigations and clinical work are also proposed.
Revisiting Settlement Contemporaneity and Exploring Stability and Instability: Case Studies from the Indus Civilization

ABSTRACT “Map overestimation,” or “the contemporaneity problem,” derives from the assumption that settlements identified during surface surveys were occupied throughout individual periods. Inductive and simulation analysis have been used to ascertain the degree of contemporaneity in surface survey data sets, as variation in settlement location is critical for understanding population density and demography, which inform social, economic and political interpretations. This paper revisits the inductive approach to interrogating survey data developed by W. M. Sumner and the simulation model approach developed by R. E. Dewar to explore the survey data from two regions within South Asia’s Indus civilization. This analysis demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. It also highlights the variability in settlement systems in different areas within the Indus civilization and shows that consideration of stability and instability within settlement systems is an important factor when considering dynamics of resilience and sustainability.
Towards a structural inequality framework for student retention and success

ABSTRACT University campuses are increasingly diverse, reflecting substantial growth in student enrolments, but this has not translated to equitable outcomes for all students. While much attention has been focused on student retention and success, particularly for those from non-traditional backgrounds, dominant theoretical models rest on a limited notion of cultural capital that places undue responsibility on students themselves. We suggest that structural inequality, whereby some people receive unequal privileges and opportunities, offers a more productive, less problematic framework for use by academic staff, university leaders and policy makers to address these challenges. In this article, we identify three types of structural inequality – vertical, horizontal, and internal – and include a taxonomy of internal inequalities to prompt further research and policy outcomes. Put simply, rather than ask how students can build cultural capital to assimilate to their institutions, we should ask what institutions can do to include students, staff, and the wider community.
Developing new opportunities, entrepreneurial skills and product/service creativity: a ‘Young Enterprise’ (YE) perspective

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to investigate how Young Enterprise (YE) student entrepreneurs develop new product/service opportunities, learn decision-making skills and achieve a sense of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. From a national survey of YE participants in the Netherlands, entrepreneurial self-efficacy was found to partially mediate relationships between new opportunity recognition belief and two key product/service creativity characteristics, namely: (a) new product/service novelty and; (b) new product/service meaningfulness. The ability of YE entrepreneurs to re-scale their new venture strategies, and/or re-adapt products and services were also important real options (or strategic decision-making) moderators in a new social cognitive learning framework. This article contributes to a fresh understanding of the opportunity recognition belief and entrepreneurial decision skills literatures from a social cognitive theoretical perspective. This research also provides much needed empirical support for European YE policy-makers, demonstrating that team-based mini-enterprise education initiatives really do benefit entrepreneurial learners!
The Acquisition of Gender Stereotypes about Intellectual Ability: Intersections with Race

The common stereotype that brilliance is a male trait is an obstacle to women’s success in many prestigious careers. This gender-brilliance stereotype is powerful in part because it seems to be acquired early in life and might thus shape girls’ career aspirations. To date, however, research on this stereotype has not considered how its acquisition might intersect with (1) the other social identities that men and women are perceived to hold
When and How Negative News Coverage Empowers Collective Action in Minorities

Minorities often express dissatisfaction and frustration with media depictions of their ingroup motivating them to engage in strategies that can restore a positive group identity. Based on the dual model of collective action and relying on two studies, we examined if exposure to negative news media can motivate collective action among Muslim Americans through increases in collective efficacy and group-based anger. Data from a four-wave longitudinal survey revealed that Time 1 self-reported exposure to negative news about Muslims increased Time 4 collective action intentions through increases in Time 3 efficacy, but not anger. Experimental results revealed that perceived news accuracy moderates these effects. Specifically, exposure to negative news about one’s ingroup motivates collective action when the news is perceived as biased but dampens these efforts if perceived to be accurate. These findings reveal how and under what conditions exposure to negative news coverage can lead to collective action among minorities.
A professional development programme for supporting teachers in the design, development, and implementation of Technology Enhanced Learning activities for teaching Arabic as a foreign language

The purpose of this two cycles design-based research study is to explore the approaches with response to and perceptions of teachers towards a professional development programme (PDP) for enabling them to design, develop, and implement technology enhanced learning (TEL) activities for teaching Arabic as a foreign language (AFL). The PDP was designed with reference to Laurillard’s (2002) conversational framework and Passey’s (2011) learning elements framework. Semi-structured interviews, online open-ended questionnaires, and observations are used for data collection. The results are analysed and presented visually and in text to show different levels of detail. The findings identified teachers’ positive and negative perceptions towards the support elements provided throughout the PDP in addition to: 1) their pedagogical outcomes in relation to the different types of support provided; 2) the positive influencers and barriers that affected them throughout the PDP; 3) their produced outcomes (artefacts); and 4) their students’ responses from their perspectives. The design principles of a successful implementation of a PDP were also included based on findings. Finally, this study attempts to assist PDP designers by referring to the theoretical and practical implications that can help them in designing similar programmes. In addition, originality in terms of the design, development, and implementation of the PDP are highlighted, so adding to the learning design body of knowledge with respect to foreign language learning.
Enhanced Recovery Protocol Reduces Transfusion Requirements and Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing an Elective Arthroplasty Procedure

Background. Enhanced recovery (ER) for elective total hip or total knee replacement has become common practice. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of ER on transfusion rates and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods. A comprehensive review was undertaken of all patients who underwent primary hip or knee arthroplasty surgery electively between January 2011 and December 2013 at our institution. ER was implemented in August 2012, thus creating two cohorts: the traditional protocol (TP) group and the ER group. Outcome measurements of length of stay, postoperative transfusion, thromboembolic complications, and number of readmissions were assessed. Main Findings. 1262 patients were included. The TP group contained a total of 632 patients and the ER group contained 630 patients. Postoperative transfusion rate in the ER group was reduced with 45% (). There was no statistical difference in postoperative VTE complications. The length of stay was reduced from 5.5 days to 4.8 days (). Conclusions. There was no difference in the number of readmissions. ER has contributed to a significant decrease in transfusions after elective arthroplasty surgery, with no increase in the incidence of thromboembolic events. Furthermore, it has significantly reduced inpatient length of stay.
Biased processing as a function of attitude accessibility : applications to sexual aggression

The accessibility of rape-supportive attitudes was measured to examine differences in the strength of attitude relations among self-reported sexually aggressive men. Attitude-perception and attitude-behavior relations were hypothesized to be stronger for men whose attitudes were highly accessible. Accessibility was determined by measuring the response latencies to attitudinal inquiries. The results indicated that the relation between rape-supportive attitudes and perceptions of manipulative intent were significantly stronger among men whose attitudes were highly accessible. The same trend was evident in the relations between rape-supportive attitudes and sexually aggressive behavior, however the relations were not significantly different.