Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antiseizure and Neuroprotective Efficacy of Midazolam in Comparison with Tezampanel (LY293558) against Soman-Induced Status Epilepticus

Acute exposure to nerve agents induces status epilepticus (SE), which can cause death or long-term brain damage. Diazepam is approved by the FDA for the treatment of nerve agent-induced SE, and midazolam (MDZ) is currently under consideration to replace diazepam. However, animal studies have raised questions about the neuroprotective efficacy of benzodiazepines. Here, we compared the antiseizure and neuroprotective efficacy of MDZ (5 mg/kg) with that of tezampanel (LY293558; 10 mg/kg), an AMPA/GluK1 receptor antagonist, administered 1 h after injection of the nerve agent, soman (1.2 × LD50), in adult male rats. Both of the anticonvulsants promptly stopped SE, with MDZ having a more rapid effect. However, SE reoccurred to a greater extent in the MDZ-treated group, resulting in a significantly longer total duration of SE within 24 h post-exposure compared with the LY293558-treated group. The neuroprotective efficacy of the two drugs was studied in the basolateral amygdala, 30 days post-exposure. Significant neuronal and inter-neuronal loss, reduced ratio of interneurons to the total number of neurons, and reduction in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents accompanied by increased anxiety were found in the MDZ-treated group. The rats treated with LY293558 did not differ from the control rats (not exposed to soman) in any of these measurements. Thus, LY293558 has significantly greater efficacy than midazolam in protecting against prolonged seizures and brain damage caused by acute nerve agent exposure.
Local optimum underwater polarization imaging enhancement based on connected domain prior

Estimating the degree of polarization (DOP) of target signal light ( ptarg ) is a critical step in the underwater polarization differential imaging process. It is challenging to accurately estimate the ptarg of objects containing multiple attributes in the imaging range. Inspired by the optical polarization characteristics of objects with different DOP, we find a prior of connected domains (CDs) of objects in polarization orthogonal images. Based on this prior, the CDs of low-DOP (LDOP) and high-DOP (HDOP) objects are extracted from the darkest image ( Imin ) and brightest image ( Imax ) without additional image acquisition. The ptarg of LDOP and HDOP objects in the scene can be estimated through the extracted CDs, which realizes the transition from global optimum estimation in the traditional method to local optimum estimation. According to the estimated ptarg , the enhanced results of the entire image marked by ptarg can be obtained after fusing the enhanced results of the objects in each CD. Experimental results of simple and complex combination scenes of objects show that our method can recognize CDs of LDOP and HDOP objects. We obtained the enhanced results of the entire image, verified the feasibility and robustness of our method, and found that the CDs of LDOP and HDOP objects could be effectively extracted in up to 34.3 NTU of turbid water. The local optimum improves the application ability of underwater polarization imaging in unpredictable scenarios, while the enhanced result of target labeling has potential application value in underwater target recognition and classification.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of normal ECG in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes

Background: Admission electrocardiogram (ECG) give diagnostic data, prognostic information, and rapid risk evaluation for people who are suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in particular those who have had a myocardial infarction that does not include ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI). 1 Aim: In the context of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome, The significance of the admission ECG on the final prognosis is what we want to determine with this research. Methods: Observational study conducted at a single centre that involved the participation of 200 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes that did not involve ST-elevation over the course of one year, with post-discharge clinical follow-up lasting for six months and a focus on the rates of all types of mortality as well as the rate of major unfavourable cardiovascular events. The population was divided into two groups based on the findings from the ECG that was performed upon admission. Patients who had normal ECG readings at the time of presentation were included in the Normal ECG Group, whereas patients who presented with abnormal ECGs are included in the Abnormal ECG Group.
Banking on Transparency for the Poor: Experimental Evidence from India

Do information frictions limit the benefits of financial inclusion drives for the rural poor? We evaluate an experimental intervention among poor Indian women receiving digital cash transfers. Treated women got automated voice calls detailing transactions posted to their accounts. Treatment increased knowledge of account balances and trust in local banking agents. Indicative of improved consumption-smoothing, administrative data show that treated women accessed transfers faster, with impacts dissipating once notifications were discontinued. Consistent with account information benefiting those with high transaction costs more, the intervention increased account use among women who lived more than an hour from the kiosk.
Novel research methods for energy use, carbon emissions, and economic growth: evidence from the USA

Researchers and governments are debating whether to use renewable energy sources or fossil fuels. The impact of the final decision on developed and developing regions is either the same or different. To investigate the answers to these issues, the current study used panel data for the US economy from 1985 to 2020. Following preliminary diagnostic testing, the researchers discovered that the data is stationary at the level and has long-run cointegration. Furthermore, the influence of economic growth (GDP), nonrenewable energy (EU), and renewable energy consumption was investigated using the quantile regression approach (REC). The analysis discovered that the impact of GDP and the EU on carbon emissions is lowest in industrialized countries and highest in underdeveloped countries. However, the corrective influence of REC on carbon emissions is lowest in industrialized countries and highest in developing regions. Although the GDP and EU have less influence on carbon emissions, the corrective effect of REC is also the least; consequently, policymakers should encourage the aggregate production system to use more REC than the EU as a sustainable alternative.
Modeling Lung Carcinoids with Zebrafish Tumor Xenograft

Lung carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors that comprise well-differentiated typical (TCs) and atypical carcinoids (ACs). Preclinical models are indispensable for cancer drug screening since current therapies for advanced carcinoids are not curative. We aimed to develop a novel in vivo model of lung carcinoids based on the xenograft of lung TC (NCI-H835, UMC-11, and NCI-H727) and AC (NCI-H720) cell lines and patient-derived cell cultures in Tg(fli1a:EGFP)y1 zebrafish embryos. We exploited this platform to test the anti-tumor activity of sulfatinib. The tumorigenic potential of TC and AC implanted cells was evaluated by the quantification of tumor-induced angiogenesis and tumor cell migration as early as 24 h post-injection (hpi). The characterization of tumor-induced angiogenesis was performed in vivo and in real time, coupling the tumor xenograft with selective plane illumination microscopy on implanted zebrafish embryos. TC-implanted cells displayed a higher pro-angiogenic potential compared to AC cells, which inversely showed a relevant migratory behavior within 48 hpi. Sulfatinib inhibited tumor-induced angiogenesis, without affecting tumor cell spread in both TC and AC implanted embryos. In conclusion, zebrafish embryos implanted with TC and AC cells faithfully recapitulate the tumor behavior of human lung carcinoids and appear to be a promising platform for drug screening.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Withania somnifera and Its Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity

This study employed green chemistry to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using fresh root extract of Withania somnifera. The size, shape, morphology, and stability of resultant CuNPs were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectrophotometer. Crude extracts were assessed phytochemically to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show maximum absorption at 330 nm, and FTIR showed the presence of biological molecules responsible for reducing Cu+ ions. In TEM and EDS analyses, the average diameter of the synthesized NPs was found to be 6.28 ± 1.13 nm . The crystal structure of synthesized nanoparticle was determined using XRD analysis and showed its peak at 36.34°, 43.33°, 50.47°, and 73.57°, which corresponds to the cubic lattice of copper. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus by the agar well diffusion method which showed higher efficiency against S. aureus. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized NPs was evaluated by DPPH assay, and the percentage of inhibition was found to be 62% at the concentration of 400 μg/ml and the IC50 value was 51.53 μg/ml. The present investigation suggests that the biosynthesized CuNPs showed prominent antibacterial and free radical scavenging potential. The result proved that root extract of W. somnifera could be applied for synthesis of nanoparticle CuNPs with high uniform particle size along with potent biological activity.
Geologic Heterogeneity Controls on Trapping and Migration of CO2

When CO2 is injected into sedimentary basins, the fate of the buoyant CO2 will be determined by how it interacts with the underlying geologic heterogeneities. Here we geologically print a cross‐bedded pattern using two different bead sizes, and then conduct flow experiments to observe buoyant flow pathways, migration speed, and immobilized volumes. The amount of buoyant phase trapped under the heterogeneities is observed to vary by two orders of magnitude, with the controlling parameter being the size contrast between the coarse and fine grains that make up the structure. The results allow an estimate of heterogeneity trapping, and show how CO2 trapping in aquifers can be experimentally evaluated before injection.
Patients with Methamphetamine Use Disorder Show Highly Utilized Proactive Inhibitory Control and Intact Reactive Inhibitory Control with Long-Term Abstinence

Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a chronic brain disorder that involves frequent failures of inhibitory control and relapses into methamphetamine intake. However, it remains unclear whether the impairment of inhibitory control in MUD is proactive, reactive or both. To address this issue, the current study used the conditional stop-signal task to assess proactive and reactive inhibitory control in 35 MUD patients with long-term abstinence and 35 matched healthy controls. The results showed that MUD patients with long-term abstinence had greater preparation costs than healthy controls, but did not differ in performance, implying a less efficient utilization of proactive inhibitory control. In contrast, MUD patients exhibited intact reactive inhibitory control; reactive but not proactive inhibitory control was associated with high sensation seeking in MUD patients with long-term abstinence. These findings suggest that proactive and reactive inhibitory control may be two different important endophenotypes of addiction in MUD patients with long-term abstinence. The current study provides new insight into the uses of proactive and reactive inhibitory control to effectively evaluate and precisely treat MUD patients with long-term abstinence.
Correcting Nonuniform Light Distribution: Implementation of ANFIS on a Gamma Position-Sensitive Module

Nuclear imaging techniques rely on the accurate positioning of events to produce the final images. Among the factors affecting the event positioning accuracy is the nonuniform light distribution between different regions of gamma detectors. In this article, we attempt to implement the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) as a scintillation event positioning algorithm to improve the linearity and uniformity of the response. Therefore, we trained the network using signal data collected from a monolithic scintillator coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT). We evaluated the position detection performance of the system after convergence with a test dataset. The results showed a 1.149-mm RMSE and over 98% <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value for position estimation. Moreover, the average full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values obtained by ANFIS were 1.18 and 1.57 mm for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>- and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axes, respectively. Therefore, the implementation of ANFIS as a position estimation algorithm can minimize the limitations of the edge distortion effect in the final results.
Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Deformed Wing Virus Population in Honey Bees Associated with the Introduction or Removal of Varroa destructor

Varroa destructor is an ectoparasitic mite associated with significant losses of honeybee colonies globally. The mite vectors a range of pathogenic viruses, the most important of which is the Deformed wing virus (DWV). In the absence of Varroa, DWV exists as a low-level, highly diverse virus population. However, when transmitted by Varroa, certain variants become highly elevated, and may become near-clonal and cause symptomatic infections. Mite transmission between colonies can occur when parasitised workers drift from or rob adjacent hives. These activities can result in elevated mite levels, but the resulting change in the DWV population, the primary determinant of winter colony losses, has not been determined. In reciprocal studies, we investigated the influence of the removal of mites, or their acquisition, on the DWV population. When mites were removed from heavily infested colonies, there was a striking and rapid reduction in virus load. Conversely, siting Varroa-naïve colonies in a mite-infested apiary resulted in the acquisition of mites and concomitant changes in the virus population. We observed both near-clonal and highly divergent virus populations regardless of titre, suggesting changes were stochastic and colony-specific. Our findings have implications for the outcome of strategies in areas with total or patchy implementation of Varroa control plans.
Effect of inorganic and organic nitrogenous fertilizers on soil nutrient status, plant growth and yield of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

Abstract The work is aimed to find out the most suitable substitute of CAN fertilizer to assess its effect on fertility, growth and yield of apricot. The experiment constituted 11 treatments replicated thrice in RBD design at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, Nauni, Solan, India during 2015 and 2016. The highest organic carbon (1.34, 1.21%) was recorded with treatment T11 [100% urea enriched compost + 0% Ca (NO3)2] at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths. There were significant variations and maximum available N and P contents were recorded under treatment T7 (urea 100% + lime 708 g/tree) while, maximum K was in T1 which indicated that available N, P and K increased by 16.95% and 16.58%; 34.83% and 32.36%; 19.98% and 12.76% over the initial values recorded, respectively at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths. The highest available Ca (4.46 and 4.11[cmol (p+) kg−1]) was recorded under T1, Mg (2.11 and 1.95 [cmol (p+) kg−1]) under T6 and available S contents (56.46 kg ha−1and 51.67 kg ha−1) under T9 at surface and subsurface depths, respectively. Available Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were highest under treatment T6 (urea100%+ 0%Ca (NO3)2). Maximum increase in tree height (0.40 m) and trunk girth (0.50 cm) was observed under T7 (urea 100% + lime 708 g/tree). Similarly, maximum fruit yield (30.03 kg/tree) was recorded with T7. From the present investigation, it is concluded that application of urea 100%+ lime 708 g/tree improved soil fertility, plant growth and yield during the study.
What to Say and How to Say It? Corporate Strategic Communication through Social Media during the Pandemic

ABSTRACT Studying the COVID-19 pandemic differs from past studies on emergency management because this crisis event, compared with the terrorist attack or natural disasters, unfolds in a longer period and with a wider spread of geographic regions. This study explores what and how the information was communicated in the corporate strategic communication through social media across three phases of the global public health crisis, including the early phase, shelter-in-place phase, and reopening phase. The content analysis on corporate Twitter accounts of selected publicly listed firms in the US suggests that corporate social media communication is functional, information-based, direct, and of lower richness during the earlier phase of the pandemic. As the pandemic evolves, corporate tweets, though still functional, are altered to improve customer engagement via the addition of videos and embedded links. For low media richness data formats, the replies/retweet ratio is less than 20%, while high media richness data formats produce the replies/retweet ratio of more than 50%. Implications for future research and practices are offered.
The first canid from the Gray Fossil Site in Tennessee: new perspective on the distribution and ecology of Borophagus

Abstract. Borophagus is the terminal genus of the highly diverse and successful subfamily, Borophaginae. Skeletal remains of this bone-crushing canid are most commonly found in transitional or grassland environments across North America between Late Miocene–Middle Pleistocene, but are rare or absent in forested habitats. Here, we describe a humerus from the Gray Fossil Site of Tennessee, which is the first occurrence of this genus in a heavily forested ecosystem. The distinct limb proportions of Borophagus suggest the genus may have been well suited for a closed habitat like the Gray Fossil Site, contrary to where a majority of their fossils have been previously found. This discovery documents the first pre-Pleistocene occurrence of a canid in the Appalachian region of the eastern United States.
Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Features, and Pathogenic/Prognostic Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD): A Case-Control Study Based on Psychogenic Factors of Patients

Objective To survey the clinical manifestations and imaging features of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and analyze the risk factors for pathogenesis/prognosis through a case-control study based on psychogenic factors of patients. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 200 adult patients were randomly enrolled from the maxillofacial department of our hospital from January 2020 to May 2021, including 100 patients with TMD as the study group and 100 healthy patients as the control group. The study group can be assigned into four subgroups according to their clinical manifestations: (1) articular area or/and masticatory muscle pain group, (2) mandibular movement abnormality group, (3) joint murmur group, and (4) two or more symptom groups. Based on the study of psychogenic factors of patients, the clinical manifestations and imaging features of TMD were determined, and the risk factors for pathogenesis/prognosis were analyzed. Results The distribution of psychological status in the TMD group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The distribution of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms in the TMD group was significantly different from that in the control group (P < 0.05). Anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were the risk factors for TMD. Compared with the control group, the incidence of abnormal MRI images in patients with temporomandibular disorders was significantly different (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in psychological status (anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms) among the three groups (P < 0.05). Anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms were the risk factors for abnormal mandibular movement and joint tremor and murmur (P < 0.05). Somatic symptoms were the risk factors for various clinical symptoms of TMD (P < 0.05). Depression was the risk factor for pain (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with TMD, MRI can early identify disc abnormalities and other related imaging features, which is helpful for more comprehensive clinical evaluation and treatment of TMD patients. There exhibits no significant difference in psychological status (anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms) of patients with different clinical symptoms, and abnormal psychological status may be one of the risk factors leading to different clinical symptoms and development of different types of TMD patients.
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection in a Chinese Hospital: Hypervirulent and Multiclonal

Purpose Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) is emerging globally and can cause various infections. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by hvKP. Patients and Methods The clinical data of hospitalized patients with K. pneumoniae BSI were retrospectively analyzed. The K. pneumoniae strains were collected and re-identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Capsular serotypes and virulence genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction, and hvKP was defined as aerobactin positive. Molecular typing was done by multilocus sequence typing. The hvKP and classic K. pneumoniae (cKP) subgroups were compared. Results Of the 66 nonrepetitive BSI K. pneumoniae strains included, 29 (43.9%) were hvKP. In these BSI hvKP strains, salmochelin and yersiniabactin accounted for 86.2% and 72.4%, respectively. The prevalence of rmpA, iroBCD cluster, ybtS, clbA, and allS was 89.7%, 86.2%, 72.4%, 51.7%, and 41.4%, respectively, which were all significantly different between the hvKP and cKP subgroups. Serotypes K1 and K2 were strongly associated with hypervirulence (P < 0.05). Nineteen sequence types were scattered in the 29 hvKP strains, and the most common was ST23 (24.1%). None of the hvKP strains were carbapenem resistant. Compared with cKP, hvKP was more capable of developing a liver abscess. However, the 30-day mortality rate was lower (13.8% vs 21.6%) in the hvKP subgroup than in the cKP subgroup. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high proportion of hvKP in BSI K. pneumoniae, most of which were RmpA and siderophore producing, and of multiclonal origin.