Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expressive power of access control models based on propagation of rights

Access control models provide a formalism and framework for specifying, analyzing, and implementing security policies in multi-user systems. These models are usually defined in terms of the well-known abstractions of subjects, objects and access rights. Access control models should be flexible enough to express a wide range of policies. The flexibility of an access control model can be measured through its expressive power. In this thesis, we compare the expressive power of access control models in a relative manner. Intuitively, model A is at least as expressive as model B, if every policy that can be expressed by B can also be expressed in A. If the converse is also true, than the models are equivalent and can express exactly the same set of policies. In particular, we compare the expressive power of Typed Access Matrix Model (TAM), Augmented TAM (ATAM) and their variations. TAM was introduced by Sandhu, and it is known to have broad expressive power. ATAM an extension of TAM was introduced by Ammann and Sandhu and it allows for testing for absence of rights, whereas TAM does not. We first develop a formalism to compare the relationship between expressive power of two models. We define two notions of equivalence: Strong and Weak. Strong equivalence implies weak equivalence, but not vice-versa. Our formalism helps in proving whether two models are equivalent (strongly or weakly or both) or not equivalent (either strongly or weakly). We specifically show that TAM and ATAM are not strongly equivalent, but they are weakly equivalent. This indicates that adding testing for absence of rights does increase the expressive power of access control models. We also illustrate the practical significance of this fact by showing that implementing transaction control expressions does require the ability to test for absence of rights in access control models. We then prove an important fact that very simple models do have the most general expressive power of the more general models they are derived from. We get to this conclusion by defining simple models obtained by posing restrictions on TAM and ATAM and comparing their expressive power. We also indicate that simplification of models can be carried to a point, beyond which they loose some expressive power. We also discuss the implications of the expressive power results on safety and implementation issues of access control models.
Interacting galaxies in the nearby Universe: only moderate increase of star formation

We investigate the influence of interactions on the star formation by studying a sample of almost 1500 of the nearest galaxies, all within a distance of ~45 Mpc. We define the massive star formation rate (SFR), as measured from far-IR emission, and the specific star formation rate (SSFR), which is the former quantity normalised by the stellar mass of the galaxy, and explore their distribution with morphological type and with stellar mass. We then calculate the relative enhancement of these quantities for each galaxy by normalising them by the median SFR and SSFR values of individual control populations of similar non-interacting galaxies. We find that both SFR and SSFR are enhanced in interacting galaxies, and more so as the degree of interaction is higher. The increase is, however, moderate, reaching a maximum of a factor of 1.9 for the highest degree of interaction (mergers). The SFR and SSFR are enhanced statistically in the population, but in many individual interacting galaxies they are not enhanced at all. We discuss how those galaxies with the largest SFR and/or SSFR enhancement can be defined as starbursts. This study is based on a representative sample of nearby galaxies, including many low-mass and dwarf/irregular galaxies, and we argue that it should be used to place constraints on studies based on samples of galaxies at larger distances, beyond the local Universe.
Remapping simulated halo catalogues in redshift space

We discuss the extension to redshift space of a rescaling algorithm, designed to alter the effective cosmology of a pre-existing simulated particle distribution or catalogue of dark matter haloes. The rescaling approach was initially developed by Angulo & White and was adapted and applied to halo catalogues in real space in our previous work. This algorithm requires no information other than the initial and target cosmological parameters, and it contains no tuned parameters. It is shown here that the rescaling method also works well in redshift space, and that the rescaled simulations can reproduce the growth rate of cosmological density fluctuations appropriate for the target cosmology. Even when rescaling a grossly non-standard model with Lambda=0 and zero baryons, the redshift-space power spectrum of standard LCDM can be reproduced to about 5% error for k<0.2h Mpc^-1. The ratio of quadrupole-to-monopole power spectra remains correct to the same tolerance up to k=1h Mpc^-1, provided that the input halo catalogue contains measured internal velocity dispersions.
$\mathcal Z$-stability and finite dimensional tracial boundaries

We show that a simple separable unital nuclear nonelementary $C^*$-algebra whose tracial state space has a compact extreme boundary with finite covering dimension admits uniformly tracially large order zero maps from matrix algebras into its central sequence algebra. As a consequence, strict comparison implies $\Z$-stability for these algebras.
The JCMT 12 CO(3-2) survey of the Cygnus X region I. A pathfinder

Context. Cygnus X is one of the most complex areas in the sky, rich in massive stars; Cyg OB2 (2600 stars, 120 O stars) and other OB associations lie within its boundaries. This complicates interpretation, but also creates the opportunity to investigate accretion into molecular clouds and many subsequent stages of star formation, all within one small field of view. Understanding large complexes like Cygnus X is the key to understanding the dominant role that massive star complexes play in galaxies across the Universe. Aims. The main goal of this study is to establish feasibility of a high-resolution CO survey of the entire Cygnus X region by observing part of it as a pathfinder, and to evaluate the survey as a tool for investigating the star-formation process. We can investigate the mass accretion history of outflows, study interaction between star-forming regions and their cold environment, and examine triggered star formation around massive stars. Methods. A2 ◦ × 4 ◦ area of the Cygnus X region has been mapped in the 12 CO(3‐2) line at an angular resolution of 15 �� and a velocity resolution of ∼0.4 km s −1 using HARP-B and ACSIS on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The star formation process is heavily connected to the life-cycle of the molecular material in the interstellar medium. The high critical density of the 12 CO(3‐2) transition reveals clouds in key stages of molecule formation, and shows processes that turn a molecular cloud into a star. Results. We observed ∼15% of Cygnus X, and demonstrated that a full survey would be feasible and rewarding. We detected three distinct layers of 12 CO(3‐2) emission, related to the Cygnus Rift (500‐800 pc), to W75N (1‐1.8 kpc), and to DR 21 (1.5‐2.5 kpc). Within the Cygnus Rift, H i self-absorption features are tightly correlated with faint diffuse CO emission, while HISA features in the DR 21 layer are mostly unrelated to any CO emission. 47 molecular outflows were detected in the pathfinder, 27 of them previously unknown. Sequentially triggered star formation is a widespread phenomenon.
NATURE OF Hα SELECTED GALAXIES AT z > 2. I. MAIN-SEQUENCE AND DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

We present the results from our narrow-band imaging surveys of Hα emitters (HAEs) at z = 2.2 and z = 2.5 in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep survey Field with near-infrared camera MOIRCS on the Subaru Telescope. We have constructed a clean sample of 63 star-forming galaxies at z = 2.2 and 46 at z = 2.5. For 12 (or ∼92%) out of 13 HAEs at z = 2.2, their Hα emission lines have been successfully detected by the spectroscopy. While about 42% of the red, massive HAEs with M* > 1010.8M☉ contain active galactic nuclei (AGNs), most of the blue, less massive ones are likely to be star-forming galaxies. This suggests that the AGN may play an important role in galaxy evolution at the late stage of truncation. For the HAEs excluding possible AGNs, we estimate the gas-phase metallicities on the basis of [N ii]/Hα ratios, and find that the metallicities of the Hα selected galaxies at z = 2.2 are lower than those of local star-forming galaxies at fixed stellar mass, as shown by previous studies. Moreover, we present and discuss the so-called main sequence of star-forming galaxies at z > 2 based on our unique sample of HAEs. By correlating the level of dust extinction with the location on the main sequence, we find that there are two kinds/modes of dusty star-forming galaxies: starbursting galaxies and metal-rich normal star-forming galaxies.
Decay of the pseudoscalar glueball into scalar and pseudoscalar mesons

We study a chiral Lagrangian that describes the two- and three-body decays of a pseudoscalar glueball into scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. The various branching ratios are a parameter-free prediction of our approach. We compute the decay channels for a pseudoscalar glueball with a mass of 2.6 GeV, as predicted by lattice QCD in the quenched approximation, which is in the reach of the PANDA experiment at the upcoming Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research. For completeness, we also repeat the calculation for a glueball mass of 2.37 GeV that corresponds to the mass of the resonance $X(2370)$ measured in the BESIII experiment.
Directed Energy Deposition via Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Approaches

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been gaining pace, replacing traditional manufacturing methods. Moreover, artificial intelligence and machine learning implementation has increased for further applications and advancements. This review extensively follows all the research work and the contemporary signs of progress in the directed energy deposition (DED) process. All types of DED systems, feed materials, energy sources, and shielding gases used in this process are also analyzed in detail. Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in the DED process to make the process less human-dependent and control the complicated aspects has been rigorously reviewed. Various AI techniques like neural networks, gradient boosted decision trees, support vector machines, and Gaussian process techniques can achieve the desired aim. These models implemented in the DED process have been trained for high-precision products and superior quality monitoring.
VALUE RELEVANCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION: INSIGHTS FROM IRAQ

This research investigates the value relevance of accounting information, namely earnings and book value of equity (separately and aggregately), related to stock market values and stock market returns models, for Iraqi services companies for the four years 2015 - 2018. The paper finds that, related to stock market values model, the value relevance of earnings and book value has increased separately; the value relevance for earnings increased while it is irrelevant for book value when they are associated. In the other hand and related to stock market returns model, the value relevance of earnings either separately or aggregately has increased while that of book value has decreased. Generally, it is shown that earnings figures can importantly demonstrate variances in stock market values and stock market returns compared with book value figures. Moreover, the findings show that earnings and book value separately are more value relevant in stock market values model. Differently, these variables aggregately are more value relevant in stock market returns model. The study finds earnings can widely help in demonstrating the changes stock market values in Iraqi services companies. The value relevance of accounting information using two models of stock market values and stock market returns has not examined before in one study in Iraq.
Agro-physiological and Genetic Characterization of Three Quinoa (Chenopodium
quinoa Wild.) Cultivars to Drought Stress

The present investigation aimed to study the impact of water stress on three quinoa cultivars namely; quinoa 1, rainbow and American cultivar. Where, the three quinoa cultivars rated as various reactions for water deficit tolerance and were evaluated under the control and water stress conditions during two growing seasons. Some agro-morphological and physiological traits associated with water stress tolerance were measured under both conditions during the two seasons. Also, heritability in broad sense, PCV %, GCV %, D Z , GA and GAM % were the most important genetic parameters calculated for all studied traits under the same conditions during the two growing seasons. Water deficit tolerance indices were a fruitful and fertile test used to determine the various tolerance degrees of drought stress in the three quinoa cultivars for the traits; number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, 1000-seeds weight and seed yield/plant in both years. Five polymorphic protein bands out of six produced (83.3%) of polymorphism which indicated the genetic variations of three quinoa cultivars under water stress. The three quinoa cultivars were able to prove that they are varied tolerant to water stress, depending on the results of all studied traits, especially yield and its components, root and physiological traits namely; proline, glycine betaine and trehalose contents. Where, the cultivar quinoa 1 was coming at the first place as a tolerant, followed by rainbow and then followed by the American cultivar as a moderate to sensitive. In any case, the three quinoa cultivars recorded a good and satisfactory yield under water stress conditions compared to the standard experiment in parallel of the results of roots and physiological attributes represented in proline, glycine betaine and trehalose contents production which were excellent under stress compared to the control conditions. Using SCoT primers, there were high genetic diversity and generated 131 fragments where 89 of them were monomorphic besides, 42 polymorphic bands with 32.06 % polymorphism. In addition, detected 42 specific markers (17 positive and 25 negative) as genetic markers used at the molecular level to identify quinoa cultivars that are tolerant to water stress over those that are moderately to sensitive. Changes in isoenzymic were studied using PAGE under nonreduced, non-denatured conditions at 4 _C. Native PAGE analysis was performed for various enzymes involved in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle on a gel (10%) with protein load of 50 lg in each well. Specific procedures for running and staining of gels for different enzymes are given below. Staining of gels SOD activity. Gels were soaked NBT solution potassium
Characterization of ERAP1 rs30187 and rs10050860 Polymorphisms and Their Association with Ankylosing Spondylitis in The Algerian Population Association of ERAP1 in Algeria

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is chronic inflammatory rheumatism. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase (ERAP1) gene is considered the second genetic factor associated with (AS) after HLA-B27. The aim of this study was to assess the role of ERAP1 rs30187 and rs10050860 polymorphisms in susceptibility to AS for the first time in the Algerian population. A total of one hundred sixteen controls and eighty-one AS cases were included in the present study. ERAP1 rs30187 and rs10050860 variants were determined by using the real‐time polymerase chain reaction method. Differences in allele and genotype distribution between the cases and controls were tested with adjustment for age. A stratification of case and control groups by HLAB27, age (≤30 or >30), gender (male and female) and clinical characteristics were also performed. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS21.0. No statistically significant association was observed between ERAP1 rs30187 and rs10050860 polymorphisms and AS risk (p<0.025). However, stratification by age and gender showed that the minor allele of rs30187 reduces the risk of developing AS in women with age >30 (OR=0.13[0.04-0.39], p =6.10 -5 ), TT genotype (OR=0.09[0.01-0.6], p=5.10 -3 ) and dominant model (TT+CT) (OR=0.14[0.03-0.6], p= 4.10 -3 ) in a sample of the Algerian population. Indeed, in our study, ERAP1 rs10050860 polymorphism did not predispose us to AS in our population. For the first time, the allelic and genotypic frequencies of ERAP1gene polymorphisms in the Algerian population. This work enriches the library of information about the ERAP1 gene.
Semi-dynamical perturbations of unified dark energy

Linear cosmological perturbations of a large class of modified gravity and dark energy models can be unified in the effective field theory of cosmic acceleration, encompassing Horndeski scalar-tensor theories and beyond. The fully available model space inherent to this formalism cannot be constrained by measurements in the quasistatic small-scale regime alone. To facilitate the analysis of modifications from the concordance model beyond this limit, we introduce a semi-dynamical treatment extrapolated from the evolution of perturbations at a pivot scale of choice. At small scales, and for Horndeski theories, the resulting modifications recover a quasistatic approximation but account for corrections to it near the Hubble scale. For models beyond Horndeski gravity, we find that the velocity field and time derivative of the spatial metric potential can generally not be neglected, even in the small-scale limit. We test the semi-dynamical approximation against the linear perturbations of a range of dark energy and modified gravity models, finding good agreement between the two.
STATISTICAL STUDIES OF GIANT PULSE EMISSION FROM THE CRAB PULSAR

We have observed the Crab pulsar with the Deep Space Network Goldstone 70 m antenna at 1664 MHz during three observing epochs for a total of 4 hr. Our data analysis has detected more than 2500 giant pulses, with flux densities ranging from 0.1 kJy to 150 kJy and pulse widths from 125 ns (limited by our bandwidth) to as long as 100 μs, with median power amplitudes and widths of 1 kJy and 2 μs, respectively. The most energetic pulses in our sample have energy fluxes of approximately 100 kJy μs. We have used this large sample to investigate a number of giant pulse emission properties in the Crab pulsar, including correlations among pulse flux density, width, energy flux, phase, and time of arrival. We present a consistent accounting of the probability distributions and threshold cuts in order to reduce pulse-width biases. The excellent sensitivity obtained has allowed us to probe further into the population of giant pulses. We find that a significant portion, no less than 50%, of the overall pulsed energy flux at our observing frequency is emitted in the form of giant pulses.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH STUDY OF FLARING ACTIVITY IN BL Lac OBJECT S5 0716+714 DURING THE 2015 OUTBURST

We present a detailed investigation of the flaring activity observed from a BL Lac object, S5 0716+714 , during its brightest ever optical state in the second half of 2015 January. Observed almost simultaneously in the optical, X-rays, and γ-rays, a significant change in the degree of optical polarization (PD) and a swing in the position angle (PA) of polarization were recorded. A TeV (VHE) detection was also reported by the MAGIC consortium during this flaring episode. Two prominent sub-flares, peaking about five days apart, were seen in almost all of the energy bands. The multi-wavelength light curves, spectral energy distribution, and polarization are modeled using the time-dependent code developed by Zhang et al. This model assumes a straight jet threaded by large-scale helical magnetic fields taking into account the light travel time effects, incorporating synchrotron flux and polarization in 3D geometry. The rapid variation in PD and rotation in PA are most likely due to reconnections happening in the emission region in the jet, as suggested by the change in the ratio of toroidal to poloidal components of the magnetic field during the quiescent and flaring states.
Gamification of Quantum Mechanics Teaching

In this small scale study we demonstrate how a gamified teaching setup can be used effectively to support student learning in a quantum mechanics course. The quantum mechanics games were research games, which were played during lectures and the learning was measured with a pretest/posttest method with promising results. The study works as a pilot study to guide the planning of quantum mechanics courses in the future at Aarhus University in Denmark.
Dynamics of 3D isolated thermal filaments

Simulations have been carried out to establish how electron thermal physics, introduced in the form of a dynamic electron temperature, affects isolated filament motion and dynamics in 3D. It is found that thermal effects impact filament motion in two major ways when the pressure perturbation within the filament is supported primarily through a temperature increase as opposed to density: they lead to a strong increase in filament propagation in the bi-normal direction and a significant decrease in net radial propagation. Both effects arise from the temperature dependence of the sheath current which leads to a non-uniform floating potential, with the latter effect supplemented by faster pressure loss. The reduction in radial velocity can only occur when the filament cross-section loses angular symmetry. The behaviour is observed across different filament sizes and suggests that filaments with much larger temperature perturbations than density perturbations are more strongly confined to the near SOL region.
The Effect of Company Size, Profitability, Liquidity, Listing Age, and Public Ownership on Internet Financial Reporting

This study examines the effect of firm size, profitability, liquidity, listing age, and public ownership on the disclosure of company financial reporting on their website. The sample of this research is 105 companies taken from consumer cyclicals, consumer non cyclicals, and basic material sector companies in 2019 that meet the criteria. The results showed that firm size affects positively, while profitability, liquidity, company age, and public ownership do not affect internet financial reporting.
Strategic Supplier Partnership and Responsive Supply Chain in Covid-19: The Mediating Role of E-Procurement

Nowadays the covid-19 has created number of problem for effectives of global supply chain and in this situation only the strategic supplier partnership can help to address this global issue especially in context of developing country. In the present study primary data is collected through adopted questionnaire from previous studies. There are 200 respondents are considered from manufacturing companies of Sindh, Pakistan, who directly involve the supply chain management functions including procurement, operation and logistics management. Results of this study confirmed the partial mediation between strategic supplier partnership and responsive supply chain in the presence of e-procurement as a mediating variable. In previous studies research scholars find out the direct relationship between strategic supplier partnership and responsive supply chain. However, in this study mediating effect has been checked in presence of mediator e-procurement.