Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skeleton-Free Body Pose Estimation from Depth Images for Movement Analysis

In movement analysis frameworks, body pose may often be adequately represented in a simple, low-dimensional, and high-level space, while full body joints' locations constitute excessively redundant and complex information. We propose a method for estimating body pose in such high-level pose spaces, directly from a depth image and without relying on intermediate skeleton-based steps. Our method is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) that maps the depth-silhouette of a person to its position in the pose space. We apply our method to a pose representation proposed in [16] that was initially built from skeleton data. We find our estimation of pose to be consistent with the original one, and to be suitable for use in the movement quality assessment framework of [16]. This opens the perspective of a wider applicability of the movement analysis method to movement types and view-angles that are not supported by its skeleton tracking algorithm.
Secure Transmission with Parallel Relays

This paper studies secure transmission with parallel relays. We use relays to help users for transmission, but we also wish to keep the information secret against the relays. We first study the secrecy rate region for a simple parallel relay channel, and then extend the results to the parallel relay broadcast channel, in which the users receive different messages from the source.
Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 41, No. 3, 1995 467 ing the total T4 by THBR to calculate the Emit VF41, thus, the Emit THBR has an inverse proportionality to the T-uptake measured by FP. Specimens (n = 103) for the free T4 comparison were patients’ sera submitted to a large reference laboratory for thyroid testing; and again, they were assayed after all other testing was complete. These samples were chosen also to encompass a range of normal or abnormal results for T4 or ‘F-uptake methods of the reference laboratory [Ciba Corning (Medfleld, MA) Magic#{174} 1251 RIA methods] and no patients’ diagnoses information was available. These specimens were subsequently tested in duplicate for free T4 with the two-step RIA and for total T4 and T-uptake with the Cobas-FP reagents. The Cobas-FP-calculated F4I was compared with the free T4 RIA results by direct linear regression analysis. Results of the method comparison regression analyses are summarized in Table 1. The TDx, Emit, and Cobas-FP total T4 assay results for this patient population all agree closely, as indicated by the high regression coefficients and the slopes close to unity. Close agreement was also observed among the three Tuptake methods, although the two FP assay systems show a closer correlation with each other than with Emit. The decreased correlation coefficients in the Cobas-FP vs Emit and TDx vs Emit regressions may be due to differences between direct and indirect approaches to the measurement of thyroid-hormone-binding sites. The agreement between FP methods suggests that similar binding phenomena are being measured by both. The FF41 calculated from the Cobas-FP assays showed a strong correlation with the two-step RIA free T4 results for the specimens tested (r = 0.978). This suggests that the FT4I calculation for the Cobas methods reasonably approximates the measured free T4 values over the wide range ofT4 and T-uptake concentrations of the samples in this study. Further studies are in progress to confirm the clinical accuracy of the Cobas-FP FT4I results in other situations observed previously to cause interferences in other methods (5).
3-D closed-form Green's functions in spatial-domain in LTCC antenna analysis

The effective three-dimensional (3-D) Green's functions in spatial domain for general electric and magnetic mixed potential in a multilayered media are presented. In terms of the discrete complex image method (DCIM) with higher order Sommerfeld identity, 3-D spatial-domain Green's functions are calculated in closed-form, and the numerical differentiation of the curl operator in mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) is avoided properly in spatial domain and it is especially suited for the LTCC antenna design with the vertical components and aperture coupled structures. The results are agreeable with the results of direct numerical Sommerfeld integral
Plastidial Thioredoxin z Interacts with Two Fructokinase-Like Proteins in a Thiol-Dependent Manner: Evidence for an Essential Role in Chloroplast Development in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana[C][W]

This study describes a thioredoxin isoform (TRX z) that is crucial in plant development and functions in regulation of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase. It shows that at least one TRX z target is regulated by light, indicative of a protein interaction module that might link plastid transcription to light signals. Here, we characterize a plastidial thioredoxin (TRX) isoform from Arabidopsis thaliana that defines a previously unknown branch of plastidial TRXs lying between x- and y-type TRXs and thus was named TRX z. An Arabidopsis knockout mutant of TRX z had a severe albino phenotype and was inhibited in chloroplast development. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of the mutant suggested that the expressions of genes that depend on a plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) were specifically decreased. Similar results were obtained upon virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the TRX z ortholog in Nicotiana benthamiana. We found that two fructokinase-like proteins (FLN1 and FLN2), members of the pfkB-carbohydrate kinase family, were potential TRX z target proteins and identified conserved Cys residues mediating the FLN–TRX z interaction. VIGS in N. benthamiana and inducible RNA interference in Arabidopsis of FLNs also led to a repression of PEP-dependent gene transcription. Remarkably, recombinant FLNs displayed no detectable sugar-phosphorylating activity, and amino acid substitutions within the predicted active site imply that the FLNs have acquired a new function, which might be regulatory rather than metabolic. We were able to show that the FLN2 redox state changes in vivo during light/dark transitions and that this change is mediated by TRX z. Taken together, our data strongly suggest an important role for TRX z and both FLNs in the regulation of PEP-dependent transcription in chloroplasts.
Organic geochemistry of the Eagle Ford Group in Texas

A comprehensive regional organic geochemical study was performed on outcrop and core samples from the Eagle Ford Group with the aim of determining variations in organic matter source, thermal maturity, and depositional environments. Total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters show that the Eagle Ford Group has excellent hydrocarbon source rock potential and is dominated by type II kerogen. Distributions of regular steranes, hopanes, and monoaromatic steroids confirm a marine carbonate depositional environment. Aryl isoprenoid ratios suggest the occurrence of intermittent photic zone anoxia. The n-alkane and sterane distributions and the presence of pregnanes, homopregnanes, and gammacerane suggest deposition under hypersaline conditions particularly in west and east Texas. In east Texas, biomarkers indicate that the Eagle Ford Group was partially sourced from terrigenous organic matter and deposited under oxic–suboxic conditions. Thermal maturity parameters including the temperature at which the peak corresponding to the compounds produced from the thermal degradation of kerogen in the Rock-Eval chromatogram maximizes (Tmax), vitrinite reflectance, and biomarker ratios indicate that in west and central Texas, the Eagle Ford Group is immature to marginally mature; in southwest Texas it is in the oil to dry gas window; and in east Texas, the Eagle Ford is in the main stage of oil generation. Geochemical logs of biomarker ratios show that the Lower Eagle Ford Formation has the highest TOC and hydrogen index, particularly in the Lozier Canyon Member; experienced stronger anoxic conditions during deposition; and has lower clay content compared with the Upper Eagle Ford Formation. Geochemical parameters show that the latter may have received an additional siliciclastic and terrigenous organic matter input under oxic–dysoxic conditions. Isotope data indicate a marine organic matter source for the Eagle Ford Group, but surprisingly, δ13C values do not show significant organic facies, depositional environment, or thermal maturity variations.
Household scale of greenhouse design in Merauke

Merauke is one of the areas that still use conventional methods in agriculture, The agricultural business does not run the maximum during the year because agricultural products quite difficult to obtain in the market. In the rainy season, the intensity of rain is very high, the water condition is abundant and hard to be channeled due to topography/soil contour conditions average, otherwise in the dry season the water is quite difficult to obtain. The purpose of this research is to compare the thermal conditions between greenhouse with auvplastic and plastic bottle roof.This research is experimental, measurement of thermal conditions in Greenhouse using measuring weather station.Greenhouse design with Quonset type with area of 24 m2The result of this research are greenhouse with paranet + UV plastic roof has an average temperature of 28.7 °C, 70.4% humidity and 0.5 m/s wind speed, while the greenhouse with paranet + plastic bottle roof has an average temperature of 26, 2 °C, humidity 66.4% and wind speed 0.9 m/s. Conclusion is Greenhouse with paranet + plastic bottle roof more thermally comfortable than greenhouse with paranet + UV plastic roof.
POST-OPTIMALITY EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF A FORMATION FLYING PROBLEM VIA A GAUSS PSEUDOSPECTRAL METHOD

The post-optimality analysis of a tetrahedral formation flying optimal control problem is considered. In particular, this four-spacecraft orbit insertion problem is transcribed to a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) using a direct method called the Gauss pseudospectral method. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions for this NLP are then derived and are compared to the conditions obtained via a Gauss pseudospectral discretization of the Hamiltonian boundary-value problem (HBVP) that arises from applying the calculus of variations. It is found that the optimal control obtained by solving the NLP is in excellent agreement with the control obtained from the Gauss pseudospectral discretization of the HBVP. The results obtained in this paper demonstrate the accuracy of the Gauss pseudospectral method and illustrate the usefulness of the Gauss pseu-dospectral method as a means of gaining insight into the structure of optimally controlled systems.
Multiresolution-based image fusion with additive wavelet decomposition

The standard data fusion methods may not be satisfactory to merge a high-resolution panchromatic image and a low-resolution multispectral image because they can distort the spectral characteristics of the multispectral data. The authors developed a technique, based on multiresolution wavelet decomposition, for the merging and data fusion of such images. The method presented consists of adding the wavelet coefficients of the high-resolution image to the multispectral (low-resolution) data. They have studied several possibilities concluding that the method which produces the best results consists in adding the high order coefficients of the wavelet transform of the panchromatic image to the intensity component (defined as L=(R+G+B)/3) of the multispectral image. The method is, thus, an improvement on standard intensity-hue-saturation (IHS or LHS) mergers. They used the "a trous" algorithm which allows the use of a dyadic wavelet to merge nondyadic data in a simple and efficient scheme. They used the method to merge SPOT and LANDSAT/sup TM/ images. The technique presented is clearly better than the IHS and LHS mergers in preserving both spectral and spatial information.
Compensated intensity-modulated optical fibre bending sensor based on tilt angle loss measurement

This paper presents the implementation of an extrinsic optical fibre sensor based on intensity modulation technique aimed for continuous bending assessment of human spine movement. The sensor under investigation is non-invasive and capable of providing a continuous measurement of the bending angle in both flexion and extension directions of the human spine. The bending assessment is determined based on the measurement of the tilt angle loss between an input fibre and dual output fibres. Additionally, a reference fibre is also integrated into the sensor configuration by means of the divided beam system to compensate for any output variation resulting from temperature changes.
Neuropsychobiological Aspects, Comorbidity Patterns and Dimensional Models in Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a comorbid and disabling condition with high prevalence in psychiatric settings. The pathogenesis of BPD involves complex interactions among genetic, neurobiological and environmental factors, resulting in multiple core symptom domains such as emotional dysregulation, impulse dyscontrol, aggression, cognitive dysfunctions and dissociative states. Neurobiological studies show that symptoms and behaviors of BPD are partly associated with alterations in glutamatergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. In addition, neuroimaging studies in BPD patients indicate differences in the volume and activity of specific brain regions related to emotion and impulse control, such as the prefrontal and cingulate cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. Neurobiological alterations are related to cognitive disturbances in patients with BPD and neuropsychological tests have shown abnormalities of memory, attention, language, and executive functions. The aim of the present review is to provide an updated overview of the main neuropsychobiological aspects of BPD and their relation to clinical symptoms, comorbidity patterns and dimensional models.
Task-driven dictionary learning for inpainting

Several approaches used for inpainting of images take advantage of sparse representations. Some of these seek to learn a dictionary that will adapt the sparse representation to the available data. A further refinement is to adapt the learning process to the task itself. In this paper, we formulate a task-driven approach to inpainting as an optimization problem, and derive an algorithm for solving it. We demonstrate via numerical experiments that a purely task-driven approach gives superior results to other dictionary-learning approaches.
Dynamic Changes of Clinical Features that Predict the Prognosis of Acute-on-Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: The natural history of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) is complex and highly variable. However, the global clinical characteristics of this entity remain ill-defined. We aimed to investigate the dynamic patterns of the natural progression as well as their impact on the outcomes of ACHBLF. Methods: The clinical features and disease states were retrospectively investigated in 54 patients with ACHBLF at the China South Hepatology Center. The clinical and laboratory profiles including hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) were evaluated. The disease state estimated by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and the dynamic patterns during the clinical course of ACHBLF were extrapolated. Results: Twenty-two patients died during the 3-month follow-up period (40.74%). The patients were predominantly male (88.89%). Baseline characteristics showed that there were significant differences in only hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and platelet count between the deceased and surviving patients (P=0.014 and P=0.012, respectively). Other baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The dynamic state of the MELD score gradually increased from an initial hepatic flare until week 4 of ACHBLF progression. There were notable changes of the dynamic state of the MELD score at two time points (week 2 and week 4) during ACHBLF progression. The MELD scores were significantly greater in the death group (24.80±2.99) than in the survival group (19.49±1.96, P<0.05) during the clinical course of ACHBLF; the MELD scores of the survival group began to decrease from week 4, while they continued to rise and eventually decreased as more patients died. The gradients of the ascent and descent stages could predict exactly the severity and prognosis of ACHBLF. Conclusions: The natural progression of ACHBLF could be divided approximately into four stages including ascent, plateau, descent, and convalescence stages according to different trends of liver failure progression, respectively. Thus, the special patterns of the natural progression of ACHBLF may be regarded as a significant predictor of the 3-month mortality of ACHBLF.
Computational Burden Resulting from Image Recognition of High Resolution Radar Sensors

This paper presents a methodology for high resolution radar image generation and automatic target recognition emphasizing the computational cost involved in the process. In order to obtain focused inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images certain signal processing algorithms must be applied to the information sensed by the radar. From actual data collected by radar the stages and algorithms needed to obtain ISAR images are revised, including high resolution range profile generation, motion compensation and ISAR formation. Target recognition is achieved by comparing the generated set of actual ISAR images with a database of ISAR images generated by electromagnetic software. High resolution radar image generation and target recognition processes are burdensome and time consuming, so to determine the most suitable implementation platform the analysis of the computational complexity is of great interest. To this end and since target identification must be completed in real time, computational burden of both processes the generation and comparison with a database is explained separately. Conclusions are drawn about implementation platforms and calculation efficiency in order to reduce time consumption in a possible future implementation.
An event‐flow model of GUI‐based applications for testing

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are by far the most popular means used to interact with today's software. The functional correctness of a GUI is required to ensure the safety, robustness and usability of an entire software system. GUI testing techniques used in practice are resource intensive; model‐based automated techniques are rarely employed. A key reason for the reluctance in the adoption of model‐based solutions proposed by researchers is their limited applicability; moreover, the models are expensive to create. Over the past few years, the present author has been developing different models for various aspects of GUI testing. This paper consolidates all of the models into one scalable event‐flow model and outlines algorithms to semi‐automatically reverse‐engineer the model from an implementation. Earlier work on model‐based test‐case generation, test‐oracle creation, coverage evaluation, and regression testing is recast in terms of this model by defining event‐space exploration strategies (ESESs) and creating an end‐to‐end GUI testing process. Three such ESESs are described: for checking the event‐flow model, test‐case generation, and test‐oracle creation. Two demonstrational scenarios show the application of the model and the three ESESs for experimentation and application in GUI testing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Soft Decoding and Robust Vector Quantization

This thesis considers vector quantization for noisy channels. Vector quantization (VQ) is an important technique for block-based source coding, with applications in, e.g., speech and image coding. Commercial systems already employ VQ as a basic tool, and it is expected that VQ will play an increasingly important role in future systems. Throughout, we emphasize the use of combined source-channel coding with the motivation that, under a practical delay constraint, separate source and channel coding is not optimal since perfect error correction requires infinite delay. Consequently, the VQ should be made robust for noisy transmission, using robust VQ (RVQ) and index assignment (IA) design, or the source-channel codes should be combined into one overall code, using the approach of channel optimized VQ (COVQ). In the thesis we investigate general models for noisy channel VQ transmission using RVQ, IA and COVQ. The work is divided into four parts. The first three consider soft decoding in VQ transmission. In soft decoding all received analog information is utilized and no decisions are taken. In part one we report work on the basics of soft decoding, treating VQ over memoryless Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels, and general channels with memory. The emphasis is on decoding based on a Hadamard transform representation of the VQ. New techniques for RVQ and COVQ design are presented, and theoretical analysis of the distortion introduced by the channel is provided. The performance is compared with traditional decision-based decoding. Part two of the thesis treats the application of soft decoding to image coding and LPC-based speech coding. This part provides subjective performance results, and it is illustrated that much can be gained by relatively small modifications in existing systems. Part three investigates soft decoding for VQ in multiuser communications, using code-division multiple access (CDMA). Here, methods for combined multiuser and source-channel decoding are investigated. The main conclusion of the work on optimal soft decoding is that there is a significant performance gain compared to traditional decision-based decoding. The price, however, is increased complexity. For some channels, e.g., memoryless Gaussian channels, the complexity increase is acceptable, whereas in other cases, e.g., for channels with memory and CDMA channels, the complexity is substantial. In parts of the work we have therefore addressed the complexity issue and presented sub-optimal decoders of lower complexity. Part four of the thesis, concerns theory for VQ transmission over discrete channels. Here, we present analytical results in VQ transmission. An important tool in this work is the Hadamard transform. The obtained results can be applied to analysis and synthesis of robust VQ systems. Part four also contains a thorough general treatment of VQ transmission for noisy channels and Hadamard-based methods. A main conclusion is that many of the existing techniques for noisy channel VQ can now be theoretically motivated and analyzed