Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting women's intentions to use pain relief medication during childbirth using the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Self‐Efficacy Theory

Women's use of pain relief strategies during childbirth can be predicted to an extent by their prior intentions to use the strategy, although how women arrive at their intentions is currently unclear. This study investigated whether antenatal beliefs about pharmacological and non‐pharmacological pain management strategies predicted women's intentions to use Entonox (NO2&O2), pethidine, and epidural analgesia during childbirth. A self‐selected sample of 100 women in the third trimester of pregnancy completed a questionnaire containing belief‐based measures of the attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) for each medication, and the Childbirth Self‐Efficacy Inventory. Pharmacological beliefs as assessed by the TPB significantly predicted intentions to use all three medications. Subjective norm independently predicted intentions to use all three medications. Attitude predicted intentions to use NO2&O2 and epidural analgesia and perceived behavioural control predicted intentions to use pethidine alone. Beliefs about non‐pharmacological pain management strategies as assessed by self‐efficacy theory did not significantly enhance the prediction of intentions to use any of the medications. The findings suggest that targeting pharmacological beliefs during antenatal education will impact most upon women's intentions to use analgesia during childbirth.
63—THE EFFECT OF FABRIC PARAMETERS ON SOUND-TRANSMISSION LOSS

The dependence of acoustic-transmission loss on the weight, thickness, and cover of woven fabrics is investigated over a broad range of frequencies. In actual fabrics, these variables are seldom independent of each other, so that their composite effect, in which cover has been shown to predominate, must be considered. In simulated models, in which these parameters are isolated, fabric weight and cover are shown theoretically to have a direct influence on transmission loss, whereas thickness appears to influence sound reduction inversely. These effects are especially evident at higher frequencies.
The Rise of Simulations in a Junior-level Fluid Mechanics Course

Simulation assignments were given to mechanical engineering students enrolled in two sections of an introductory fluid mechanics course. While some students were exposed to 3-4 simulations in a pre-requisite thermodynamics course, the majority had no prior simulation experience. The main goal of this study was to expand on implementation of simulations in undergraduate courses, and better understand the appropriate balance in student load. Considerations for student load brought on by the simulations include various attributes of the assignments such as, the selection, quantity, tasks associated with each simulation, grading criteria, credit assigned, and structure. All of these might influence student skill building, understanding of material, and problem-solving performance. This paper aims to address: (1) comparison of student load related to assignments, and (2) assessment of student understanding of select theoretical concepts. For the comparison of student load, highlighted differences in the course sections include: (a) number of simulation assignments (3 10), (b) number of application assignments (none or 3), and (c) the credit given to these assignments (2.5% or 15%). Surveys were administered to assess students’ confidence in the usefulness of each simulation assignment, and also to have students identify each course topic, that simulations helped them to learn. Also highlighted here is one topic common to fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and an associated laboratory course: external flow over bluff and streamlined bodies. Students simulate the flow past a cylinder and/or airfoil, and design an app to investigate how various parameters impact lift and/or drag experienced by an object. Finally, laboratory experiments allow comparison of simulation results with experimental data.
Performance evaluation of MOSFETs with discrete dopant distribution by one-by-one doping method

This paper presents the fabrication and measurements of MOSFETs with various dopant distributions in the channels for investigating the impact of discrete dopant distribution on device performances. Phosphorus-ions are implanted "orderly" into the channels as well as "asymmetrically" into one side of channels both with ordered and random distribution by single-ion implanter with capability of one-by-one doping. Electrical measurements reveal that the threshold voltage (Vth) fluctuation for the ordered dopant arrays is less than for conventional random doping and the device with ordered dopant array exhibits two times the lower average value (-0.4V) of Vth shift than the random dopant distribution (-0.2V). We conclude that the observed lower value originates from the uniformity of electrostatic potential in the channel region due to the ordered distribution of dopants. We also observe deviation in subthreshold current when interchanging the source and drain terminals. The subthreshold current is always larger when the dopants are located at the drain side than at the source side for both ordered and random distribution cases. We believe that this increase in current is caused by the suppression of injection velocity degradation in the source side. Accurately controlling both the amount and the positioning of dopant atoms is critical for the advancement of extending CMOS technologies with reduced variation caused by random dopant fluctuation.
Interface Water on TiO2 Anatase (101) and (001) Surfaces: First-Principles Study with TiO2 Slabs Dipped in Bulk Water

We investigated the TiO2 anatase (101) and (001) interfaces dipped in bulk water on the atomic scale by first-principles density-functional molecular dynamics simulations. We verified that the water adsorption models proposed in the previous studies with less than a couple of water layers on the vacuum surfaces still hold. On the contrary, novel adsorption structures of interfacial water molecules are also found. Our results indicate that water molecules around the interface between the TiO2 and bulk water can be described by the following two-layer model: The first water layer can be defined as the water molecules adsorbed at Ti5C sites moleculary on the anatase (101) surfaces and dissociatively on the (001). The second layer on the anatase (101) surface can be defined as the water molecules adsorbed to O2C or adsorbed water to Ti5C via strong HB. Second layer on the (001) consists of water molecules bound to the first-layer water molecules via the strong and weak HBs. Contour maps of the atomic densitie.
First-Year Teachers' Support Networks: Intentional Professional Networks and Diverse Professional Allies

In this article the author describes a mixed-methods study of first-year urban teachers' social support networks. Social Network Analysis (SNA) data on the support networks of 24 first-year teachers provided a background context and framework for the case study analysis of 4 of the teachers. Findings of the analysis identified 2 important networks of support for the new teachers: “Intentional Professional Networks” and “Diverse Professional Allies. ” These findings have important implications for the ways in which administrators, policy makers, teacher-educators, and teachers can conceptualize and nurture teacher support networks and the interactions and relationships that influence teacher professional support.
Gas and stellar metallicities in H ii galaxies

We examine the gas and stellar metallicities in a sample of H ii galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which possibly contains the largest homogeneous sample of H ii galaxy spectra to date. We eliminated all spectra with an insufficient signal-to-noise ratio, without strong emission lines and without the [O ii] λ3727 A line, which is necessary for the determination of the gas metallicity. This excludes galaxies with redshift ≲ 0.033. Our final sample contains ∼700 spectra of H ii galaxies. Through emission line strength calibrations and a detailed stellar population analysis employing evolutionary stellar synthesis methods, which we already used in previous works, we determined the metallicities of both the gas and the stellar content of these galaxies. We find that in H ii galaxies up to stellar masses of 5 × 109 M⊙, enrichment mechanisms do not vary with galactic mass, being the same for low- and high-mass galaxies on average. They do seem to present a greater variety at the high-mass end, though, indicating a more complex assembly history for high-mass galaxies. In around 23 per cent of our H ii galaxies, we find a metallicity decrease over the last few Gyr. Our results favour galaxy evolution models featuring constantly infalling low-metallicity clouds that retain part of the galactic winds. Above 5 × 109 M⊙ stellar mass, the retention of high-metallicity gas by the galaxies’ gravitational potential dominates.
Experience effects and collaborative returns in R&D alliances

Focusing on the link between prior alliance experience and firm benefits from RD and (2) to diminish at high levels of experience. Results from a sample of 464 R&D alliances in the telecom equipment industry generally match these expectations. The positive benefits of prior experience in complex alliances suggest that a broader set of alliance management processes allows the firm to manage situations of ambiguity more readily. The lack of cumulative benefits from prior experience appears to be partly due to knowledge depreciating over time, since only recent experience has a positive impact on collaborative returns. Overall, these results provide empirical evidence of the effect of prior experience on collaborative benefits, both directly and conditionally on alliance characteristics, and have implications for learning to manage organizations more generally. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HRM Practices, Intrinsic Motivators, and Organizational Performance in the Public Sector

This article aims to determine the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on public service motivation (PSM) and organizational performance. Based on a survey of Swiss cantonal public employees (N = 3,131), this study shows that several HRM practices may be considered as organizational antecedents of PSM and strong predictors of perceived organizational performance. Fairness, job enrichment, individual appraisal, and professional development are HRM practices that are positively and significantly associated with PSM and perceived organizational performance. Moreover, these results suggest that HRM practices are stronger predictors than either PSM or organizational commitment when explaining the individual perception of organizational performance.
Time‐dependent approach to semiclassical dynamics

In this paper we develop a new approach to semiclassical dynamics which exploits the fact that extended wavefunctions for heavy particles (or particles in harmonic potentials) may be decomposed into time−dependent wave packets, which spread minimally and which execute classical or nearly classical trajectories. A Gaussian form for the wave packets is assumed and equations of motion are derived for the parameters characterizing the Gaussians. If the potential (which may be nonseparable in many coordinates) is expanded in a Taylor series about the instantaneous center of the (many−particle) wave packet, and up to quadratic terms are kept, we find the classical parameters of the wave packet (positions, momenta) obey Hamilton’s equation of motion. Quantum parameters (wave packet spread, phase factor, correlation terms, etc.) obey similar first order quantum equations. The center of the wave packet is shown to acquire a phase equal to the action integral along the classical path. State−specific quantum information is obtained from the wave packet trajectories by use of the superposition principle and projection techniques. Successful numerical application is made to the collinear He + H2 system widely used as a test case. Classically forbidden transitions are accounted for and obtained in the same manner as the classically allowed transitions; turning points present no difficulties and flux is very nearly conserved.
The moderating effect of gender in the adoption of mobile banking

Purpose – This paper seeks to test the factors that can influence adoption of mobile banking among current users of internet banking in Singapore and gender as a moderating variable.Design/ methodology/ approach – A sample of more than 600 current users of electronic banking provided opinions about their intention to use mobile banking, perceptions of relative advantage of the mobile device, perception of risk, social norms, ease of use and usefulness of the device for banking purposes. The data were submitted to LISREL for structural equation modeling.Findings – Usefulness, social norms and social risk, in this order, are the factors that influence the intention to adopt mobile banking services the most. Ease of use has a stronger influence on female respondents than male, whereas relative advantage has a stronger effect on perception of usefulness on male respondents. Social norms (or the importance of others in the decision), also influence adoption more strongly among female respondents than male.Rese.
Auditory distraction in open-plan study environments in higher education

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Crowdshipping the last-mile delivery - an empirical investigation into the crowd's willingness to participate as crowdshipping drivers

Tous les documents placés en accès ouvert sur le site le site MatheO sont protégés par le droit d'auteur. Conformément aux principes énoncés par la "Budapest Open Access Initiative"(BOAI, 2002), l'utilisateur du site peut lire, télécharger, copier, transmettre, imprimer, chercher ou faire un lien vers le texte intégral de ces documents, les disséquer pour les indexer, s'en servir de données pour un logiciel, ou s'en servir à toute autre fin légale (ou prévue par la réglementation relative au droit d'auteur). Toute utilisation du document à des fins commerciales est strictement interdite.
The Times They Are A-Changin': Declining Immigrant Employment Opportunities in Scandinavia 1

This article compares and contrasts male immigrant labor market experiences in Sweden and Denmark during the period 1985–1995. Using register-based panel data sets from Sweden and Denmark, a picture of the employment assimilation process of immigrants from Norway, Poland, and Turkey is presented. The comparative approach shows that immigrants in Sweden and Denmark experienced similar declines in employment prospects between 1985 and 1995 despite quite different developments of aggregate labor market conditions. A possible explanation is that the changing organizational structure – toward more flexible work organization – has resulted in a decrease in the attractiveness of immigrant employees due to the increasing importance of country-specific skills and informal human capital.
Prenatal Drug Exposure

In this descriptive study, a group of 34 school-age children who had been prenatally and environmentally exposed to drugs or alcohol were identified. Qualitative information from interviews and observations was organized and analyzed in matrices to determine the predominant characteristics of this population and educators' beliefs and attitudes about working with these students. Interviews and anecdotal records written in the children's files suggested that teachers perceived these students as distractible, lazy, stubborn, and impulsive. Some educators knew the children were drug exposed, and others did not. Educators' attitudes and selected interventions were related to their knowledge regarding the possible basis for the children's difficulties. Those who were aware that the children had been prenatally exposed to drugs or alcohol seemed to be willing to adjust their expectations and to modify the learning environment to attend to their students' needs. These educators did not punish their students for being off task; instead, they verbally, physically, or visually prompted their students to stay on task. These findings have direct implications for personnel preparation. Lack of knowledge of children's deficits can lead educators to choose inappropriate interventions. The need for training is clear if professionals and caregivers want to make a difference in the lives of these students.
Morphology and Collapse Transitions in Binary Phospholipid Monolayers

We have concurrently studied the microscopic phase behavior, morphology, and surface pressure−area isotherms of Langmuir monolayers of a 7:3 mixture of DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) and POPG (palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol) at various temperatures between 20 and 40 °C. The manner in which the monolayer, under compression, explores the third dimension at monolayer collapse correlates with the monolayer morphology prior to collapse. At temperatures below 28 °C, the monolayer is biphasic and collapses by forming large-scale folds, which reliably unfold upon expansion. These folded structures can be five to several hundred micrometers wide and up to millimeters long. Above 33.5 °C, the monolayer is homogeneous and, upon further compression, prefers to collapse through micron-scale vesicular structures that are globular or tubular in shape. Collapse occurs via both folding and vesiculation at temperatures between 28 and 33.5 °C, leading to the coexistence of the monolayer with both folds and vesic.
Teaching Synchronous-Service Teachers: Traditional Teacher Education at a Crossroads

Background/Context Teachers enrolled in alternative training and licensure programs may have experiences that lie outside what is considered typical for both preservice teachers and in-service teachers. This article explores the experiences of a growing cadre of “synchronous-service teachers”—including, but not limited to, Teach For America (TFA) corps members— who are teaching full time while also completing coursework in teacher preparation programs. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of the Study This study considers how synchronous-service teachers perceived the education and training they received while enrolled in traditional teacher education coursework, as well as how they interpreted their broader interactions with the teaching profession and teacher education writ large. Research Setting and Participants This research was conducted in the Midwestern United States in a major metropolitan area with a TFA regional presence. Thirty-six corps members who completed coursework at a traditional teacher education institution opted to participate in this study. They were primarily White and female, and most entered TFA immediately following completion of their undergraduate degrees. The majority had little previous exposure to the education discipline. Research Design The thirty-six corps members were interviewed about their experiences while participating in TFA, teaching at their schools, and, especially pertinent to this article, learning at a partner university where TFA corps members in the region completed teacher education coursework. Findings/Results The findings suggest that corps members held primarily negative views about the teacher education coursework they experienced. They complained that the teacher education programming failed to provide immediately applicable insights and lacked rigor and relevance. Yet they also maintained paradoxical expectations about what teacher education, particularly for synchronous-service teachers, should or should not entail. Conclusions/Recommendations The article concludes by suggesting the potential utility of synchronous-service teachers as a conceptual category, noting that these teachers should be considered distinct from others. As such, providing synchronous-service teachers with teacher education programming designed for either preservice or in-service teachers may lead to missed opportunities in terms of professional learning and exacerbate negative sentiments about teacher education. The experiences and opinions of synchronous-service teachers can have considerable significance, particularly when these teachers go on to affect education leadership and policy. In sum, teacher education institutions are at a critical crossroads concerning how and whether to proceed with similar partnerships, especially as alternative recruitment and training programs continue to grow in the United States and beyond.
Development and Testing of an Improved Parenteral Formulation of Phenytoin Using 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

The objective of this study was to increase the solubility of phenytoin by complexing it with varying concentrations of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and create an entirely aqueous formulation with a pH significantly closer to physiologic pH (7.4). The phenytoin–HPBCD complexation was characterized using phase-solubility analysis at HPBCD concentrations ranging from 10 to 50% w/v over the pH range of 7.4–11.0. The two most promising formulations, i.e., a formulation consisting of 40% HPBCD at pH 10.4, and a second formulation consisting of 20% HPBCD at pH 11.0, were selected for further study. Both formulations were entirely aqueous and had a significantly decreased pH compared to the original commercial formulation (Parke-Davis, pH 12.0). These formulations also exhibited a significantly decreased tendency to precipitate in vitro. The tissue irritation potential of the 20% w/v HPBCD formulation at pH 11.0 was found to be reduced considerably compared to the commercial injection in a BALB/c mouse model.
Coaching for better results: key practices of high performance leaders

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of workplace coaching and offers insight into the various coaching practices that are necessary to produce better employee performance and results.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on a survey of 219 experienced managers who were asked to respond to a series of questions on the subject of coaching on a four point strongly agree to strongly disagree scale and references previous research in the discussion.Findings – Key findings include that participant managers consider: coaching to be critical to their success and the success of their employees; coaching requires individualized strategies based on the employee's ability and motivation; employees do not always receive the coaching they want and need; and managers believe that they have considerable room for development in this critical leadership practice.Research limitations/implications – The primary limitation of this descriptive study is the use of a targeted convenience sample .
Irreversibility in Advertising‐Demand Response Functions: An Application to Milk

A generalized methodology for estimating irreversible functions is developed. This approach, which accommodates short-term irreversibility and long-term reversibility, is an improvement over previous irreversibility studies that imposed both short- and long-term irreversibility. Using the proposed methodology, irreversibility in the demand response to fluid milk advertising in New York City is evaluated. Irreversibility is found to exist, and, in particular, consumers are found to react more rapidly to increases in advertising compared to decreases. This result may have important implications for optimal temporal advertising strategies. Copyright 1999, Oxford University Press.