Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the best treatment for anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester: Ferric carboxymaltose or oral iron therapy?

Objective: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant health problem in pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate the effect of gestational IDA and to compare the results of iron therapy in pregnant women. Methods: This retrospective cohort study of pregnant women in the third trimester analyzed the records of 63 women not taking any iron supplements, 70 women receiving intravenous ferric carboxymaltose therapy (FCM), and 73 pregnant women receiving oral iron therapy. It compared maternal and neonatal outcomes of the three groups. Results: The mean age of the 206 pregnant women included in the study was 29.19±4.34 (19-44; min–max). Only 1% of anemic women received a blood transfusion in the postpartum period. There was no difference between the groups' mean age and gestational week. The median values of gravida and parity were the same in all 3 groups (Gravida=2, Parity=1). Maternal hemoglobin (Hb) value of the non-iron group was lower than that of the other groups (p<0.001). Although the mothers' Hb levels at birth were different, the newborns' Hb values were not affected (p=0.547). Neonatal height and weight were lower in the non-iron group than in the FCM and oral iron groups (p=0.048 and p<0.001, respectively). Neonatal head circumference, 1-minute Apgar, and 5-minute Apgar scores were similar in all three groups. Conclusion: FCM is effective in pregnant women with IDA in late pregnancy and women undergoing this treatment deliver healthier newborns.
A chronology of employment protection legislation in some selected European countries

In this paper, we document the appearance of the very first laws, as well as their evolution, in the area of employment protection in France, the UK, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. By doing so, we reconstruct the series of legal data on employment protection legislation up to the points when information on these provisions becomes systematically available in other studies or data collections. These first laws are compared and contrasted with current regulations. Developments in the employment protection legislation are also put into a broader picture of worker protection issues, particularly articulating them with the developments on unemployment benefit schemes.
Environmental and Spatial Influences of Shrub Cover (Alnus viridis DC.) on Vegetation Diversity at the Upper Treeline in the Inner Western Alps

Abstract Subalpine grasslands in the western Alps are currently facing major environmental changes induced by pastoral disuse. In such a context, the rapid spread of a shrub (Alnus viridis [Chaix] DC.) is expected to threaten biodiversity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of its cover on vascular plant diversity. Data collected at several local levels (108 plots) in a representative area detected a linear decrease in species richness across an increasing A. viridis (green alder) cover gradient, whereas alder-stand β-diversity at the community level was particularly singular. We used constrained ordination methods based on Principal Components Analysis to partial out substantial variance explained by spatial structure of samples. The resulting partial Redundancy Analysis accounted for 62.3% of the initial inertia, and the environmental effect by A. viridis cover was identified as a major cause of variance in the whole species ordination (16.1%). The expansion of A. viridis on subalpine grasslands causes considerable environmental changes which have mostly a negative effect on the conservation of vascular plant diversity in the inner part of the western Alps. However, A. viridis appears to contribute to the diversity of the subalpine belt by inducing a peculiar floristic composition.
Proteomic Analyses Discern the Developmental Inclusion of Albumin in Pig Enamel: A New Model for Human Enamel Hypomineralization

Excess albumin in enamel is a characteristic of the prevalent developmental dental defect known as chalky teeth or molar hypomineralization (MH). This study uses proteomic analyses of pig teeth to discern between developmental origin and post-eruptive contamination and to assess the similarity to hypomineralized human enamel. Here, the objective is to address the urgent need for an animal model to uncover the etiology of MH and to improve treatment. Porcine enamel is chalky and soft at eruption; yet, it hardens quickly to form a hard surface and then resembles human teeth with demarcated enamel opacities. Proteomic analyses of enamel from erupted teeth, serum, and saliva from pigs aged 4 (n = 3) and 8 weeks (n = 2) and human (n = 4) molars with demarcated enamel opacities show alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). AFP expression is limited to pre- and perinatal development and its presence in enamel indicates pre- or perinatal inclusion. In contrast, albumin is expressed after birth, indicating postnatal inclusion into enamel. Peptides were extracted from enamel and analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) after tryptic digestion. The mean total protein number was 337 in the enamel of all teeth with 13 different unique tryptic peptides of porcine AFP in all enamel samples but none in saliva samples. Similarities in the composition, micro-hardness, and microstructure underscore the usefulness of the porcine model to uncover the MH etiology, cellular mechanisms of albumin inclusion, and treatment for demarcated opacities.
The impact of body compositions on contrast medium enhancement in chest CT: a randomised controlled trial

Objective To compare a fixed-volume contrast medium (CM) protocol with a combined total body weight (TBW) and body composition-tailored protocol in chest CT. Methods and materials Patients referred for routine contrast enhanced chest CT were prospectively categorised as normal, muscular or overweight. Patients were accordingly randomised into two groups; Group 1 received a fixed CM protocol. Group 2 received CM volume according to a body composition-tailored protocol. Objective image quality comparisons between protocols and body compositions were performed. Differences between groups and correlation were analysed using t-test and Pearson’s r. Results A total of 179 patients were included: 87 in Group 1 (mean age, 51 ± 17 years); and 92 in Group 2 (mean age, 52 ± 17 years). Compared to Group 2, Group 1 showed lower vascular attenuation in muscular (mean 346 Hounsfield unit (HU) vs 396 HU; p = 0.004) and overweight categories (mean 342 HU vs 367 HU; p = 0.12), while normal category patients showed increased attenuation (385 vs 367; p = 0.61). In Group 1, strongest correlation was found between attenuation and TBW in muscular (r = −.49, p = 0.009) and waist circumference in overweight patients (r = −.50, p = 0.005). In Group 2, no significant correlations were found for the same body size parameters. In Group 1, 13% of the overweight patients was below 250 HU (p = 0.053). Conclusion A combined TBW and body composition-tailored CM protocol in chest CT resulted in more homogenous enhancement and fewer outliers compared to a fixed-volume protocol. Advances in knowledge This is, to our knowledge, the first study to investigate the impact of various body compositions on contrast medium enhancement in chest CT.
Synergistic Classification of Multilevel Land Patches (SC-MLPs): Reducing Conflicts and Improving Mapping Results for Land Uses and Functional Spaces With Very-High-Resolution Satellite Imagery

Land uses (e.g., commercial, residential, and industrial lands) and functional spaces (e.g., living, productive, and ecological spaces) are two-level landscape patches and totally work as basic units for urban planning. The two-level patches are interrelated and mutually binding, but existing mapping methods extracted them separately, leading to substantial conflicts and errors in their mapping results. Accordingly, this study proposes a synergistic classification of multilevel land patches (SC-MLPs). It considers a multitask learning strategy and proposes a novel correlation loss function to measure the correlations between land uses and functional spaces, which is expected to resolve conflicts and improve the accuracy of the two-level land patch mapping results. Consequently, land-use and functional-space maps of three major Chinese cities are generated, which generally have a high resolution of 2 m and high overall accuracies of 90.1% for land uses and 93.8% for functional spaces. Compared to state-of-the-art land-use and functional-space mapping methods, our results have not only higher accuracies but also a better consistency which is improved by 36%. Accordingly, the proposed SC-MLP can generate not only accurate but also consistent maps of land uses and functional spaces, which plays a fundamental role in land system research and urban planning.
ADVANCES IN HYDROGEOPHYSICAL JOINT INVERSION

The inversion framework iTOUGH2 provides inverse modeling capabilities for TOUGH2, a general-purpose simulator for multiphase, multicomponent, nonisothermal flows in multidimensional fractured-porous media. We have developed a parallel version of iTOUGH2, MPiTOUGH2, which realizes a hierarchically parallel architecture using the Message Passing Interface. This architecture allows employing large numbers of parallel processes for running many-parameter inverse problems on large meshes, such as those occurring in pixel-based parameterizations. We have further combined the parallel hydrological inversion method with a geophysical modeling and inversion framework, called Electromagnetic Geological Mapper (EMGeo). The combined inversion method provides a tool for investigating coupled hydrogeophysical processes in the context of, for example, geologic CO2 storage, geothermal system characterization, and environmental remediation and monitoring applications. In this work, we focus on the introduction of parallel computing paradigms to iTOUGH2, and carry out basic scalability tests. Further, exploiting the forward simulation capabilities of EMGeo, we present synthetic data inversions, demonstrating the potential model resolution enhancement obtained through joint inversion of hydrological and geophysical measurements.
Mapping PT PLN (Persero) Consumer Willingness to Make Electricity Account Payments (Willingness To Pay) Based on Regional Characteristics Using the Ranking Analysis Method

Like companies that are oriented to the buying and selling business in general, PT PLN (Persero) or PLN also has the same business risk, namely the existence of accounts receivables arising from electricity buying and selling transactions with consumers. By getting cash in from billing electricity bills, PLN's operations will of course be maintained so that service to customers can be even better. To support securing the company's cash flow, it is necessary to carry out an analysis related to external factors that influence the willingness to pay electricity bills by looking at the characteristics of regional conditions so that mitigation can be carried out to control electricity receivables. One of the relevant methods to obtain a mapping of consumers' willingness to make electricity bill payments is to use the ranking analysis method, which is an analysis of several rankings on methods including conducting surveys, interviews with experts based on the Delphi method ( 2 rounds of interviews) and statistical calculations using the independent sample t-test and the final test using the Borda calculation method. In this study, the factors that most influenced customer behavior related to their willingness to pay electricity bills were obtained based on regional characteristics, namely regional education and culture factors, economic factors and consumer income then the electricity service reliability factor. The mapping of these factors can be used by companies as one of the considerations for making decisions to develop operational strategies in an effort to control the values of electricity account receivables.
Does Zircon Shape Retain Petrogenetic Information?

Zircon shape is commonly reported during geochronology and geochemistry analyses of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, but the relationship of zircon shape to primary growth environmental conditions remains poorly constrained. Current models for the control on igneous zircon shape focus on the relative growth of crystal prisms and pyramids, which are not discernible in the imaging techniques used for rapid quantification of zircon shape in geochronology sample mounts. We model the relationship between whole‐rock composition and zircon 2D shape in mineral separates from 45 mafic to felsic igneous samples, representative of Archean and Proterozoic crust in Western Australia. Shape parameters are derived from semi‐automated measurement of photomicrographs of polished zircon crystals in epoxy resin mounts. Whole‐rock composition shows a statistically significant relationship to median magmatic zircon crystal area and mathematically defined “roundness. ” Zircon populations show reduced median area and increased median roundness as whole‐rock silica decreases. Phase equilibrium modeling based on whole‐rock composition, and automated electron microscopy mineral maps, indicates that the compositional predisposition of zircon shape is influenced by fundamentally different physical growth environments in mafic versus felsic melts. Specifically, influential factors that differ between mafic and felsic liquids include crystallization sequence and duration—which influence unconstrained growth space—and the potential for absorption/exsolution of zirconium from the accompanying mineral assemblage. We present quantitative, explanatory models for the relationship between zircon 2D shape and whole‐rock silica and demonstrate that the relationships are adhered to across a broad spectrum of whole‐rock compositions.
A Groundwater Quality Study of Lagos State, Nigeria

The paper is aimed at investigating the physico-chemical and microbial quality of water in 30 shallow wells in Lagos State. Results showed that groundwater quality in Lagos is highly variable from one location to the other. Water parameters were found to exceed set local (SON) and international (WHO) standards. Analysis of pH indicated that groundwater in 14 locations are acidic. The 500mg/l WHO limit for TDS was exceeded in 5 locations while EC limit was exceeded in 4. The presence of zinc and Escherichia coli (e.coli) in water samples calls for attention. From the study, there is no sampling point that did not have at least one parameter exceeding set standards. None of the sampling wells can be considered ‘pure’. Therefore, groundwater within the Lagos environment cannot be said to be potable. It is a major concern to users, agencies responsible for water provision and governmental bodies. This paper calls for further research.
Incorporation of nanobubbles in spaceflight food production systems

ABSTRACT Fresh produce is an essential part of long-term, interspatial nutrition. However, resource constraints including launch mass, system power, and spacecraft cabin volume limit the amount of produce available for crew. Increasing the available oxygen to a plant’s root system stimulates overall growth but typical terrestrial approaches (i.e. sparging) are inappropriate for gas–liquid contacting in a microgravity environment. Terrestrial studies show the use of neutrally buoyant oxygen nanobubbles increases the plant nutritional and edible mass density for a given footprint. Thereby, addressing nutritional gaps in the current food system. This paper briefly evaluates the nutritional requirements for exploration astronauts and assesses the current approach for spaceflight produce provision. Then, presents the perspective opportunity to increase harvest index by implementing nanobubble technologies. Finally, a high-level review of nanobubble integration to enhance spaceflight food production systems and testing necessary to use nanobubbles in spaceflight systems is outlined. Highlights Neutrally buoyant nanobubbles supply long duration gas saturation in liquids Terrestrial hydroponic systems increase harvest density with nanobubbles Nanobubble stability in microgravity is currently unknown
The Influence of Packaging Color on Consumer Perceptions of Healthfulness: A Systematic Review and Theoretical Framework

When consumers evaluate a new product, packaging design plays a critical role. In particular, packaging color is a dominant design cue that influences consumer perception of a product. Several studies have investigated the influence of color on taste. However, there is limited research on the influence of packaging color on consumer health perception. As healthy eating is a focus for many consumers and public decision-makers, more knowledge is needed. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of empirical studies that have investigated the influence of packaging color on consumers’ health perceptions and to provide a psychological explanation for the observed effects. The systematic review includes 20 empirical studies across different product groups. The results show that packaging color influences consumers’ health perceptions. We argue that the influence of packaging color on consumer health perceptions can be explained by the following mechanisms, which are not mutually exclusive: (1) consumers rely on a color as an explicit signal for health; (2) colors are associated with beliefs that indirectly influence health assessments; and (3) colors trigger mental simulations that influence health assessments. In addition, we provide suggestions for further research that will contribute to a better understanding of when and how packaging color can help consumers make healthier food choices.
Giant buttercup - a threat to sustainable dairy farming in New Zealand

Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris), a weed of European origin, infests dairy pastures in six of the 17 dairying regions of New Zealand (South Auckland, Hawke’s Bay, Taranaki, Wellington (Horowhenua), Wairarapa (Sth Wairarapa) and Nelson/Marlborough (Tasman)). It reduces the metabolisable energy available in pastures by deterring dairy cattle from grazing it and nearby palatable plants, a result of its production of the acrid-tasting protoanemonin. The latter is derived from the chemical ranunculin following inadvertent ingestion of the weed. In this paper the potential future impact of giant buttercup on the New Zealand dairy farming industry, should it spread to the 11 regions currently not infested, is estimated. This was achieved by extrapolating a model developed earlier for the six dairy farming regions known to be infested in 2001-02, to 2008-09 using dairy farm statistics for that year under three infestation scenarios (no spread, and a minimum of 10% and 30% of dairy pasture land infested in all 17 regions). Assuming no spread of the weed since 2001-02, it was estimated to have caused a loss in dairy farmer revenue of $155 million in the 2008-09 season across the six regions infested in 2001-02. At 10% and 30% minimum infestation levels across all regions, the additional losses were $173 million and $593 million, bringing the potential national loss to $328 million and $748 million respectively. Since this weed is unlikely to be limited climatically in its distribution in New Zealand, and an effective selective control measure is currently unknown, losses of this magnitude could be realised. A prudent industry strategy would include: (1) managing herbicide resistance, (2) developing effective control methods, (3) containment of giant buttercup to the currently infested regions and (4) monitoring spread.
Variability of Southern Hemisphere cyclone and anticyclone behavior: Further analysis

Abstract This paper presents some additional results on the use of an automatic scheme for tracking surface cyclones and anticyclones. The Southern Hemisphere (SH) total amount of synoptic tracks (every 12 h) was analyzed for the 1973–96 period using sea level pressure from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis. Composites for seven El Nino (EN) and La Nina (LN) years were constructed in order to analyze the association between the hemispheric cyclone and anticyclone propagation and the phase of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. A climatological view of cyclone and anticyclone tracks and orphan centers superposed on the same map is presented and analyzed. A large area with overlapped cyclone and anticyclone tracks is seen between 30° and 60°S, which is approximately the climatological position of the SH transient activity. To the north of 30°S, the subtropical South Atlantic high is embedded in a region with just.
A comparison between neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cross-sectional CNS imaging, and infectious disease testing in 168 dogs with infectious or immune-mediated meningoencephalomyelitis from Brazil

This retrospective study evaluated canine patients with presumptively diagnosed meningoencephalomyelitis (ME) based on neurological clinical signs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, cross-sectional imaging, and infectious disease testing with a limited neurological-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel performed on blood and CSF. The first goal was to determine the proportion of dogs where the condition was caused by an infectious agent versus a probable immune-mediated etiology (i.e., meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin; MUO) in our geographic region. The secondary goals of this study were to examine and define associations between abnormal CSF test results and cross-sectional neuroimaging findings, in addition to defining the age and most common neurological clinical signs in each group of ME. A total of 168 dogs matched the inclusion criteria with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed in 130 dogs and computed tomography (CT) performed in 38 dogs. Presumptive MUO was observed in 152/168 (90.5%) of dogs and infectious ME was identified in 16/168 (9.5%) of dogs (p < 0.0001). Canine distemper virus (CDV) was the most common cause of infectious ME in 10/16 dogs (62.5%). Of the total cases with a positive infectious disease result, 3/16 (18.7%) had normal CSF results and 13/16 (81.3%) had abnormal CSF results (p = 0.0078). MRI and CT abnormalities in the brain were detected in 74 and 39% of dogs with inflammatory CSF, respectively. MRI and CT abnormalities in the spinal cord were detected in 90 and 57% of dogs with inflammatory CSF results, respectively. Age was not significantly different between infectious ME and presumptive MUO groups (p = 0.15). Seizures were the most common clinical sign reported for both MUO (36.8% of cases) and infectious ME (31.2% of cases). In conclusion, presumptive MUO is significantly more common than infectious ME in this population of dogs. Furthermore, although normal CSF results were uncommon in dogs with infectious ME, this finding occurred in several patients (3/16), suggesting that infectious disease testing should be considered even in the face of normal CSF results. Finally, MRI was more sensitive than CT in the detection of abnormalities when dogs with ME had inflammatory CSF results but was not 100% sensitive, suggesting CSF analysis should be performed to rule out inflammation even when no abnormalities are detected on MRI or CT.