Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol, drug and tobacco prevention in Swedish municipalities — impact from the COVID-19 pandemic considering socio-demographic context

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and measures to prevent the spread of the virus challenged public health practice at the local level in Sweden. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of the pandemic on the prevention of alcohol, drugs and tobacco (ADT) in Sweden during 2020–21 considering socio-demographic context. Methods Data were collected through the Public Health Agency’s survey on ADT prevention in Swedish municipalities (N = 290). This study used data from 2020 and 2021, with a response rate of 90% and 88%, respectively. Survey data were analyzed in logistic regression models (odds ratios, P < 0.05, 95% confidence intervals) against variables of education level, income level and population size from national registers. Results A majority (n = 198, 76%) of the municipalities reported a decrease in ADT prevention during the pandemic. No correlation between the decrease in ADT prevention and socio-demographic conditions was detected. A majority (2020: n = 165, 63%; 2021: n = 174, 68%) of the municipalities also reported that ADT prevention was adapted, however less common in smaller municipalities and municipalities where residents had lower levels of education and lower incomes. Conclusion ADT prevention carried out by municipalities in Sweden was initially (2020) deeply affected by the preventive strategies against COVID-19. Adaptation of activities was less common in municipalities with more vulnerable socio-demographic situation. In policy, practice and research, the findings are important not only for continued progress on the national goal of equity in health but also for preparedness for future crises.
Doppler and Pair-Wise Optical Flow Constrained 3D Motion Compensation for 3D Ultrasound Imaging

Volumetric (3D) ultrasound imaging using a 2D matrix array probe is increasingly developed for various clinical procedures. However, 3D ultrasound imaging suffers from motion artifacts due to tissue motions and a relatively low frame rate. Current Doppler-based motion compensation (MoCo) methods only allow 1D compensation in the in-range dimension. In this work, we propose a new 3D-MoCo framework that combines 3D velocity field estimation and a two-step compensation strategy for 3D diverging wave compounding imaging. Specifically, our framework explores two constraints of a round-trip scan sequence of 3D diverging waves, i.e., Doppler and pair-wise optical flow, to formulate the estimation of the 3D velocity fields as a global optimization problem, which is further regularized by the divergence-free and first-order smoothness. The two-step compensation strategy is to first compensate for the 1D displacements in the in-range dimension and then the 2D displacements in the two mutually orthogonal cross-range dimensions. Systematical in-silico experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness of our proposed 3D-MoCo method. The results demonstrate that our 3D-MoCo method achieves higher image contrast, higher structural similarity, and better speckle patterns than the corresponding 1D-MoCo method. Particularly, the 2D cross-range compensation is effective for fully recovering image quality.
Critical Illness Risk and Long-Term Outcomes Following Intensive Care in Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can be complicated by the development of organ toxicity and infection necessitating intensive care. Risk factors for intensive care admission are unclear due to heterogeneity across centers, and long-term outcome data after intensive care are sparse due to a historical paucity of survivors. Methods: The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) was queried to identify patients age [≤]21 years who underwent a 1st allogeneic HCT between 2008-2014 in the United States or Canada. Records were cross-referenced with the Virtual Pediatric Systems pediatric ICU database to identify intensive care admissions. CIBMTR follow-up data were collected through the year 2020. Results: We identified 6,995 pediatric HCT patients from 69 HCT centers, of whom 1,067 required post-HCT intensive care. The cumulative incidence of PICU admission was 8.3% at day +100, 12.8% at 1 year, and 15.3% at 5 years post HCT. PICU admission was linked to younger age, lower median zip code income, Black or multiracial background, pre-transplant organ toxicity, pre-transplant CMV seropositivity, use of umbilical cord blood and/or HLA-mismatched allografts, and the development of post-HCT graft-versus-host disease or malignancy relapse. Among PICU patients, survival to ICU discharge was 85.7% but more than half of ICU survivors were readmitted to a PICU during the study interval. Overall survival from the time of 1st PICU admission was 52.5% at 1 year and 42.6% at 5 years. Long-term post-ICU survival was worse among patients with malignant disease (particularly if relapsed), as well as those with poor pre-transplant organ function and alloreactivity risk-factors. In a landmark analysis of all 1-year HCT survivors, those who required intensive care in the first year had 10% lower survival at 5 years (77.1% vs. 87.0%, p<0.001) and developed new dialysis-dependent renal failure at a greater rate (p<0.001). Conclusions: Intensive care management is common in pediatric HCT patients. Survival to ICU discharge is high, but ongoing complications necessitate recurrent ICU admission and lead to a poor 1-year outcome in many patients. Together, these data suggest an ongoing burden of toxicity in pediatric HCT patients that continues to limit long-term survival.
Higgs Mass and QCD axion properties at High Precision

This thesis is dedicated to study the physical properties at high precision of two scalars of well-motivated beyond the standard model theories: the Higgs boson in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the axion of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism. The discussion is divided in two parts. We make use of the advantages of the effective field theory framework. In the first part, we consider the state-of-the-art of the effective field theory computation of the MSSM Higgs mass, improving the existing ones by including extra threshold corrections. We perform a detailed estimate of the theoretical uncertainty. We study the large tan β region and we put emphasis on the allowed parameter space reproducing the experimental value of the Higgs mass. We present SusyHD, a fast computer code that computes the Higgs mass and its uncertainty for any supersymmetry (SUSY) scale, from the TeV to the Planck scale, even in Split SUSY, both in the DR and in the on-shell (OS) schemes. Finally, we apply our results to derive bounds on some well motivated SUSY models, in particular we show how the value of the Higgs mass allows to determine the complete spectrum in minimal gauge mediation. In the second part, we discuss how to extract several properties of the axion of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) with great accuracy using only first principle QCD computations. We obtained the axion potential, the mass and the coupling to photons by combining next to leading order (NLO) calculations in chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) with recent Lattice QCD results. Axion-nucleon interactions are also derived reliably. The method we have followed allows to further improve the precision as uncertainties on the light quark masses and the effective field theory couplings are reduced. We have also studied the finite temperature dependence of the axion potential and its mass, in connection with its role in determining the axion relic abundance. Original material contained in this thesis is based on the results published in refs. [1, 2]. Some recent improvements on the Higgs mass calculation in the effective field theory approach presented here are in preparation for publication.
Predicting the sufficient-statistics power spectrum for galaxy surveys: a recipe for P A*(k).

Future galaxy surveys hope to realize significantly tighter constraints on various cosmological parameters. The higher number densities achieved by these surveys will allow them to probe the smaller scales affected by non-linear clustering. However, in these regimes, the standard power spectrum can extract only a portion of such surveys' cosmological information. In contrast, the alternate statistic A* has the potential to double these surveys' information return, provided one can predict the A* power spectrum for a given cosmology. Thus, in this work we provide a prescription for this power spectrum P A* (k), finding that the prescription is typically accurate to about 5 per cent for near-concordance cosmologies. This prescription will thus allow us to multiply the information gained from surveys such as Euclid and WFIRST.
$\ell_1$ Regression using Lewis Weights Preconditioning

We consider the $\ell_1$ minimization problem $\min_{x}\|Ax-b\|_1$ in the overconstrained case, commonly known as the Least Absolute Deviations problem, where there are far more constraints than variables. More specifically, we have $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times d}$ for $n \gg d$. Many important combinatorial problems, such as minimum cut and shortest path, can be formulated as $\ell_1$ regression problems [Chin et al., ITCS'13]. We follow the general paradigm of preconditioning the matrix and solving the resulting problem with gradient descent techniques, and our primary insight will be that these methods are actually interdependent in the context of this problem. The key idea will be that preconditioning from [Cohen and Peng, STOC'15] allows us to obtain an isotropic matrix with fewer rows and strong upper bounds on all row norms. We leverage these conditions to find a careful initialization, which we use along with smoothing reductions in [Allen Zhu and Hazan, NIPS'16] and the accelerated stochastic gradient descent algorithms in [Allen Zhu, STOC'17] to achieve $\epsilon$ relative error in about $nnz(A) + nd^{\omega - 1} + \sqrt{n}d^{2}\epsilon^{-1}$ time with high probability. Moreover, we can also assume $n\le O(d\epsilon^{-2}\log n)$ from preconditioning. This improves over the previous best result using gradient descent for $\ell_1$ regression [Yang et al., SODA'16], and is comparable to the best known running times for interior point methods [Lee and Sidford, FOCS'15]. Finally, we also show that if our original matrix $A$ is approximately isotropic and the row norms are approximately equal, we can avoid using fast matrix multiplication and prove a running time of about $nnz(A) + s d^{1.5}\epsilon^{-2} + d^2\epsilon^{-2}$, where $s$ is the maximum number of non-zeros in a row of $A$.
Camera characterization for all-sky polarization measurements during the 2017 solar eclipse

A solar eclipse provides a rare opportunity to observe skylight polarization during conditions that are fundamentally different than what we see every day. On 21 August 2017 we will measure the skylight polarization during a total solar eclipse in Rexburg, Idaho, USA. Previous research has shown that during totality the sky polarization pattern is altered significantly to become nominally symmetric about the zenith. However, there are still questions remaining about the details of how surface reflectance near the eclipse observation site and optical properties of aerosols in the atmosphere influence the totality sky polarization pattern. We will study how skylight polarization in a solar eclipse changes through each phase and how surface and atmospheric features affect the measured polarization signatures. To accomplish this, fully characterizing the cameras and fisheye lenses is critical. This paper reports measurements that include finding the camera sensitivity and its relationship to the required short exposure times, measuring the camera’s spectral response function, mapping the angles of each camera pixel with the fisheye lens, and taking test measurements during daytime and twilight conditions. The daytime polarimetric images were compared to images from an existing all-sky polarization imager and a polarimetric radiative transfer model.
Low Mach-number collisionless shocks and associated ion acceleration

The existence and properties of low Mach-number electrostatic collisionless shocks are investigated with a semi-analytical solution for the shock structure. We show that the properties of the shock obtained in the semi-analytical model can be well reproduced in fully kinetic Eulerian Vlasov-Poisson simulations, where the shock is generated by the decay of an initial density discontinuity. Using this semi-analytical model, we study the effect of electron-to-ion temperature ratio and presence of impurities on both the maximum shock potential and Mach number. We find that even a small amount of impurities can influence the shock properties significantly, including the reflected light ion fraction, which can change several orders of magnitude. Electrostatic shocks in heavy ion plasmas reflect most of the hydrogen impurity ions.
Image-derived generative modeling of pseudo-macromolecular structures - towards the statistical assessment of Electron CryoTomography template matching

Cellular Electron CryoTomography (CECT) is a 3D imaging technique that captures information about the structure and spatial organization of macromolecular complexes within single cells, in near-native state and at sub-molecular resolution. Although template matching is often used to locate macromolecules in a CECT image, it is insufficient as it only measures the relative structural similarity. Therefore, it is preferable to assess the statistical credibility of the decision through hypothesis testing, requiring many templates derived from a diverse population of macromolecular structures. Due to the very limited number of known structures, we need a generative model to efficiently and reliably sample pseudo-structures from the complex distribution of macromolecular structures. To address this challenge, we propose a novel image-derived approach for performing hypothesis testing for template matching by constructing generative models using the generative adversarial network (GAN). We conducted hypothesis testing experiments for template matching on both simulated and experimental subtomograms, allowing us to conclude the identity of subtomograms with high statistical credibility and significantly reducing false positives. Our general approach can be extended to assess other template matching tasks, such as face, iris, and fingerprint scans, where statistical tests are also very important.
DETERMINATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND PRESENCE OF SALMONELLA SPP. ON CHICKEN PARTS SOLD AT RETAIL MARKETS IN ERZURUM, ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF THE SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATES

The present study was conducted to investigate the certain microbiological quality characteristics, and presence of Salmonella spp. by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and conventional method, also to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates obtained from 45 chicken meat samples (fifteen livers, chests, baguettes) collected from markets at the Erzurum. Totally, in the 15 samples were found positive for Salmonella spp. by IMS and conventional methods. Isolates were identified with 99.9% probability using API 20E biochemical analysis kit. The results of antibiotic test showed the susceptibility of the isolates to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin at 100% level, while these isolates were resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, ampicillin and kanamycin, respectively. The obtained results showed that 84% (38/45) of the chicken meat samples did not show suitability with Turkish Food Codex in terms of total bacteria count and presence of Salmonella in 33% (15/45) of the samples.
Thermocapillary migration of droplets under molecular and gravitational forces

We study the thermocapillary migration of two-dimensional droplets of partially wetting liquids on a non-uniformly heated surface. The effect of a non-zero contact angle is imposed through a disjoining–conjoining pressure term. The numerical results for two different molecular interactions are compared: on the one hand, London–van der Waals and ionic–electrostatics molecular interactions that account for polar liquids; on the other hand, long- and short-range molecular forces that model molecular interactions of non-polar fluids. In addition, the effect of gravity on the velocity of the drop is analysed. We find that for small contact angles, the long-time dynamics is independent of the molecular potential, and the footprint of the droplet increases with the square root of time. For intermediate contact angles we observe that polar droplets are more likely to break up into smaller volumes than non-polar ones. A linear stability analysis allows us to predict the number of droplets after breakup occurs. In this regime, the effect of gravity is stabilizing: it reduces the growth rates of the unstable modes and increases the shortest unstable wavelength. When breakup is not observed, the droplet moves steadily with a profile that consists in a capillary ridge followed by a film of constant thickness, for which we find power law dependencies with the cross-sectional area of the droplet, the contact angle and the temperature gradients. For large contact angles, non-polar liquids move faster than polar ones, and the velocity is proportional to the Marangoni stress. We find power law dependencies for the velocity for the different regimes of flow. The numerical results allow us to shed light on experimental facts such as the origin of the elongation of droplets and the existence of saturation velocity.
A profile of mathematics instruction time in Irish second level schools

Similar to counties such as the UK and Netherlands, second level schools in Ireland are free to decide how to allocate instruction time between curriculum subjects. This results in variations between the quantum of time allocated to teaching mathematics in different schools and between different class groups within the same school. This quantitative study builds a profile for both lower second level (Junior Cycle) and upper second level (Senior Cycle) mathematics instruction time in Ireland. The results of the study highlight that although the proportion of time is on par with the OECD average, there are many issues of concern regarding instruction time in Ireland. These include the short length of the school year, experimentation with new teaching approaches, the high number of subjects studied, variations between individual school and class group allocations and the number of classes that do not take place.
Repellency and fumigant toxicity of clove and sesame oils against American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ( L . )

Repellency and fumigant toxicity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oils were investigated against American cockroach (Periplaneta americana (L.) in the laboratory of the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah Province, Saudi Arabia at 25 ± 3°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Both clove and sesame oils showed variable percentages of repellency according to concentrations, exposure periods and stages. Clove oil exhibited strong repellent activity than sesame oil. First nymph was more sensitive than the fourth one followed by adults. After 48 h of exposure, complete repellency (100%) was recorded against first nymph at concentration of 2% for clove oil and 6% for sesame oil. Same result was obtained against fourth nymph at concentration of 10% of sesame oil after 48 h. While clove oil completely repelled all fourth nymphs after 24 h at concentration of 8%. For adult stage, the greatest repellency percentages were recorded by clove oil (90.00 ± 5.77%) and sesame oil (83.33 ± 3.33%) after 48 h at a concentration of 10%. Regarding the fumigant toxicity, clove oil provided highly significant effects against nymphs and adults of P. americana after 24 and 48 h, respectively. Complete mortality (100%) was recorded at a concentration of 7.5 μl/L of air for first nymph, 10 μl for fourth one and 17.5 μl for adults after 48 h of fumigation. First nymph was the most sensitive to clove oil by LC50 value 1.06 μl followed by 3.12 μl for fourth nymph and 8.20 μl for adults. The fumigant tests showed that sesame oil did not exhibit toxicity against P. americana at concentrations range of 5 to 20 μl/L of air. In conclusion, both clove and sesame oils can be used as repellent botanical insecticides, but only clove oil can be used as fumigant agent against P. americana because sesame oil gave no effect at tested concentrations.
Utilization of maternal health care services in Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu.

Research Question: To study the Utilization of Maternal Health care Services in rural areas of the Tamil Nadu. (Kancheepuram District) Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey using the WHO 30 cluster technique was carried out in rural areas of Kattankulathur (Kancheepuram District) Tamil Nadu. Results: 97.63% mothers of infants (0-11 Months) were found fully immunized with Tetanus Toxoid though Immunization card was available with only 69.19%. National Family Health Survey (NFHS 3) data revealed that coverage for Tetanus Toxoid was 75% and 95.9% in India and Tamil Nadu respectively. More than 90 % consumed 100 or more Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets and 96.68% received the required minimum ante natal visit. More than 99 % deliveries were held in health institutions. Conclusion: Antenatal care is universal in Tamil Nadu. Increasing community participation through sustained and focussed IEC campaign should be undertaken to consolidate the gains made.
Deformable GANs for Pose-based Human Image Generation : Supplementary Material

In this Supplementary Material we report some additional implementation details and we show other quantitative and qualitative results. Specifically, in Sec. 2 we explain how Eq. 8 (main paper) can be efficiently implemented using GPU-based parallel computing, while in Sec. 3 we show how the human-body symmetry can be exploited in case of missed limb detections. In Sec. 4 we train state-of-the-art Person Re-IDentification (Re-ID) systems using a combination of real and generated data, which, on the one hand, shows how our images can be effectively used to boost the performance of discriminative methods and, on the other hand, indirectly shows that our generated images are realistic and diverse. In Sec. 5 we show a direct (qualitative) comparison of our method with the approach presented in [2] and in Sec. 6 we show other images generated by our method, including some failure cases. Note that some of the images in the DeepFashion dataset have been manually cropped (after the automatic generation) to improve the overall visualization quality.