Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Virtuous Circle? Increasing Local Benefits from Ports by Adopting Circular Economy Principles

As ports seek to maintain support for their operations amidst growing environmental awareness and social pressure, it is important they provide benefits for the local population to offset negative impacts. Ports can add additional economic benefits for the cities they are located in by encouraging maritime clusters, industrial development, a circular economy, and waterfront development. The current level of adoption, interest in future adoption, barriers to implementation, and attitudes towards the views of the local population were assessed via an online questionnaire sent to port authorities in 26 countries. The potential and willingness of ports to be on the frontline of the transition to a circular economy globally has been clearly identified for the first time, seeing a 60% increase between current levels of adoption and future interest in adoption. Barriers to a circular economy are comparable to barriers to widely adopted methods, such as industrial development and a waterfront economy. It is likely that circular economy activities in port cities will add additional local benefits and reduce the negative impacts of a port. A new framework is proposed to help ports and cities collaborate and encourage greater adoption of the circular economy.
The Profile of Female Labor Force Participation in Malaysia Based on Recursive Partitioning Analyses

In determining the level of the Malaysian economy, one of the factors contributing to the economic development of the country is the availability of labour. Studies on the availability of female labour force by identifying female profiles in labor force participation were made using data from Labour Force Survey (LFS), Malaysia for reference year 1990, 2000, 2010 and the latest 2018. Referring to the latest year 2018, the recursive partitioning (RP) technique showed that four subgroup profiles of working women have been created equal to 12%, 43%, 57% and 78%, respectively (percentage of working women at the four subgroups). Majority of the working women are identified in the group of aged 20-59 and the highest certificate obtain was tertiary education (Certificate, Diploma and Bachelor’s Degree) with 78%. Comparison between year 2018 with others reference year, there was a difference in the profile of working women whose working age had increased from 54 to 59 years. There is also a difference in the highest qualification obtained from obtaining only UPSR or SRP qualification in year 1990 to Diploma and Bachelor’s degree certificate in year 2018. Therefore, efforts need to be enhanced by providing initiatives for this group so that those who are in this group or will join this group later will be motivated to join labour market.
Retrospective Reports of Parental Problem Drinking and Parent Reactions to Child Negative Emotions: Implications for Emotion Regulation in the Transition to Adulthood

Exposure to parental problem drinking (PPD)—symptoms of alcohol use disorder, heavy and hazardous drinking—is associated with mental health problems in emerging adults, but mechanisms of risk are not fully explicated. The current study explores the role of parental emotion socialization, a key factor in the development of emotion regulation, in the context of PPD. A sample of 377 U.S. college students reported retrospectively on PPD, parent reactions to participant negative emotions, and participants’ own current depressive and anger rumination. Both mother and father PPD were related to greater same-parent minimization, distress and punitive reactions, and less problem-focused, emotion-focused, and encouragement of expression of negative emotions. Supportive and nonsupportive parental reactions to negative emotions intervened in associations between PPD and emerging adult depressive and anger rumination. Findings suggest that emotion dysregulation may be a key mechanism of risk for mental health problems among emerging adults exposed to PPD.
Determinants of Human-Elephant Conflict in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India

Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a negative interaction between elephants and humans. HEC affects local community livelihood and the success of elephant conservation. The Asian elephant population and HEC were studied in the Niligiri Biosphere Reserve in the year 1992 (Balasubramanian et al. 1995) using this information as baseline data. We have studied HEC in the selected 14 villages located in the Moist Deciduous forest and Thorn forest areas of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve from Nov 2006 to Mar 2008, which were part of the earlier study. The data on crop species, elephant damages, protection method and land-use changes concerning HEC were collected fortnightly by direct enumeration and questionnaire survey. A total of 297 crop damage incidences were recorded. The crop-raiding pattern and the peaks in raiding are during monsoon periods were similar to the earlier study. A total of seven people were killed and six were injured by the attack of elephants in the ten years (1998 to 2008) and results in 1.3 incidences/year. The overall crop damage has declined from 2.1% in the early 1990s to 0.98%. The spatial location of HEC indicated that the mean damage percent was higher in the peripheral areas (1.51%) than in the center of the village (0.18%). There is a major shift from crops grown for food (finger millet) to commercial reasons. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the effective perimeter length (perimeter with cultivation) and total area of cultivation had a primary influence on the crop damage, followed by the area of degradation around the village and percent edible crops in the boundary. Further, logistic regression on crop-raiding incidences with the independent predictors indicated that among habitats in the MDF the crop-raiding incidences were 95% higher than that of TF. Palatable crop species plantain, paddy, finger millet and vegetable crops were 391% raided more frequently than the non-palatable species. Crops with protection methods were 22% less frequently damaged than the crops without any protection. Thus changes in the crop species, improved protection and land-use changes have reduced HEC in the adjacent areas of Mudumalai TR. The resettlement of villages from the core area of reserve in MDF would greatly reduce HEC in MTR.
Antimicrobial activity of Vitamin C demonstrated on uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

Purpose: Studies have demonstrated the ability of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) to inhibit pathogenic bacteria and inhibit biofilms. The effect of varying concentrations of ascorbic acid on bacterial growth was studied on uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The concentration at which maximal inhibition occurred was determined. Methods: All uropathogenic strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from patients over a 3-month period were incubated in varying concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mg/ml) of Vitamin C-supplemented Trypticase Soy Broth. Effect on bacterial growth was quantified as a change in absorbance measured by spectrophotometry (450 nm), as compared to controls. Independent samples t-test was used to calculate P value. Results: Bacterial growth was inhibited at all Vitamin C concentrations. Mean absorbances of E. coli and K. pneumoniae broths containing 5, 10, and 20 mg/ml Vitamin C were significantly less than absorbances of growth control broths without Vitamin C (P < 0.005). This inhibition was independent of antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolates. Differences between mean absorbance at 10 and 20 mg/ml Vitamin C for both species were not significant (P > 0.005). Thus, the inhibitory activity of Vitamin C appears to be dose-dependent, with 10 mg/ml being the optimum concentration of ascorbic acid. Conclusions: Ascorbic acid's ability to inhibit bacterial growth may find novel clinical applications. Vitamin C may find potential use in topical antibacterial applications, or urinary bladder irrigation fluid for catheterized patients with urinary tract infections or during bladder instrumentation. There is a need to further explore the possibility of using Vitamin C safely as an effective antimicrobial agent.
Risk-Based Prioritization of Sewer Pipe Inspection from Infrastructure Asset Management Perspective

The escalating number of aging sewer pipes necessitates an infrastructure asset management approach to achieve an efficient budget allocation for maintenance. This study suggests a risk-based prioritization framework for sewer pipe inspection considering the predicted condition of sewer pipes and the criticality of the economic, social and environmental impacts associated with them. The results from both models can be used to evaluate the risk of sewer pipes by classification into risk groups. A risk matrix is used for the classification, and it divides the sewer pipes into five risk groups. The results of this study show an improvement in the accuracy of finding sewer pipes in a bad condition using this framework. The condition prediction model can successfully find sewer pipes with a bad condition with over 70% precision. High-risk sewer pipes are highlighted using the differences in the environmental features as well as in the physical features associated with other sewer pipes. Additionally, through the combination of both the condition and criticality of sewer pipes, the framework systemically prioritizes needed maintenance for sewer pipes with a very bad condition. This prioritization framework is expected to help the process of deciding which sewer pipes should be prioritized within a constrained budget.
Formation of an Anti-Core–Shell Structure in Layered Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

The layered → rock-salt phase transformation in the layered dioxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries is believed to result in a “core–shell” structure of the primary particles, in which the core region remains as the layered phase while the surface region undergoes a phase transformation to the rock-salt phase. Using transmission electron microscopy, here we demonstrate the formation of an “anti-core–shell” structure in cycled primary particles with a formula of LiNi0.80Co0. 15Al0.05O2, in which the surface and subsurface regions remain as the layered structure while the rock-salt phase forms as domains in the bulk with a thin layer of the spinel phase between the rock-salt core and the skin of the layered phase. Formation of this anti-core–shell structure is attributed to oxygen loss at the surface that drives the migration of oxygen from the bulk to the surface, thereby resulting in localized areas of significantly reduced oxygen levels in the bulk of the particle, which subsequently undergoes phase transfo.
Physicochemical characteristic, nutrient, and fish production in different types of mangrove forest in North Sumatra and Aceh Provinces of Indonesia

Mangrove forests are highly productive ecosystems that sustain marine life, including fish communities. This study aimed to analyse mangrove characteristics, physicochemical parameters, nutrient and primary production derived from mangrove litter and estimate the fish production. The study was conducted at five mangrove sites in North Sumatra and the Aceh Provinces, Indonesia. Two sites represented natural forest at North Sumatra and Aceh (Jaring Halus and Langsa). In comparison, two sites were mangroves converted into oil palm plantations (Pulau Sembilan and Pulau Kampai, North Sumatra). The fifth site was a mangrove forest converted into aquacultural ponds (Percut Sei Tuan, North Sumatra). The study displays the dissemination of mangrove species in five different mangrove sites showing diversity. Avicennia spp found in estuarine near a coastal area, Rhizophora spp spread across the sites, and Sonneratia spp were more likely to occur in the mouth of the upstream river. Litter production at the present study site was dominated by Rhizophora spp. , followed by Avicennia spp. This finding was very closely related to the nutrients resulting from litter decomposition in the mangrove ecosystem. The primary production value of 870-1,747 g C m-2 year had a significant role as the beginning of the estuary food chain. Our results show a close association between fish productivity and mangrove management, and conservation status. The highest fish production was found in the well-preserved forests (Jaring Halus and Langsa), followed by the sites converted to palm oil plantations (Pulau Sembilan and Pulau Kampai). At the same time, the least fishing productivity was identified at the fishing ponds (Percut Sei Tuan). The present study provides further evidence of the significant role of mangrove ecosystems for fisheries and calls for effective restoration programs to support local food security along the coast of Indonesia.
An optimization strategy to improve the deep learning‐based recognition model of leakage in shield tunnels

Due to the interference problems of complex on‐site installations attached to shield tunnel lining surface, deep learning models, developed for leakage datasets of shield tunnels, are not prepared to meet engineering requirements. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to optimize the original model based on the characteristics of leakage datasets. For this purpose, the present study adopted Mask R‐CNN as the baseline and improved its performance from two aspects, including the properties of shield tunnel leakage datasets and detection errors of the original model in the testing set. With reference to the properties of leakage datasets, the model compression technique was implemented to remove the redundant parameters in the training stage and enhance the detection accuracy and speed of the original model. Besides, three error types were grouped to explore the optimization direction in practical application. Accordingly, four different optimization measurements were fulfilled step‐by‐step to improve the model performance. It was concluded that the compressed model with 62% sparsity reached average precision (AP) of 0.399 at the detection speed of 7 frames per second (FPS), which was 0.144 higher and 2 FPS faster than that of the original model, respectively. The improvements in the model concerned were also quite different with the three error types moderated, indicating that the optimization direction of the original model needed to be focused on the error types with higher AP promotion. In addition, the AP value of the original model significantly augmented from 25.5% to 51.1% upon minimizing the detection errors on shield tunnel leakage datasets.
Sharing the Roads: Robot Drivers (Vs. Human Drivers) Might Provoke Greater Driving Anger When They Perform Identical Annoying Driving Behaviors

ABSTRACT Automated vehicles (AVs) are ready to share public roads with humans in mixed traffic. How human drivers will interact with AVs is unclear. We assumed that AVs’ aberrant behaviors (e.g., driving slowly) provoke higher driving anger than identical ones by human drivers do and examined this assumption from the perspective of mind perception (i.e., perception of whether AVs have human-like minds or lack thereof). Mind perception has two dimensions: agency (capable of doing and planning) and experience (capable of feeling and sensing). Our survey (N = 622) supported this assumption. Agency attribution to AVs is negatively correlated with driving anger, suggesting that perceiving AVs as lacking agency might be associated with greater anger toward AVs’ aberrant behaviors. Attributing high agency to AVs eliminated the human-AV difference. The relationship between driving anger and experience attribution was U-shaped: Participants attributing “middle” experience to AVs reported lower anger than those attributing no or “high” experience to AVs. We speculate that perceiving AV as having high capability to feel and sense might induce the “uncanny valley” effect documented in the literature on human-robot interaction, enhancing more negative reactions. Our findings suggest AVs’ aberrant behaviors and their induced anger as emerging risks to future mixed-traffic flow.
Testing the EPIC Richards submodel for simulating soil water dynamics under different bottom boundary conditions

Most biogeochemical models simulate water dynamics using the tipping bucket approach, which has been often found to be too simplistic to represent vadose zone dynamics adequately under shallow groundwater conditions. Recently, a solution to the Richards equation using the Mualem–van Genuchten model (Rich‐vGM) has been added into the EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) model to address this shortfall. Its performance was tested using lysimeters operating under free drainage (FD) and at a shallow water table (60‐ [WT60] and 120‐cm depth [WT120]). Model accuracy was also compared with the upgraded tipping bucket‐based method implemented into EPIC (the variable saturation hydraulic conductivity method [VSHC]). Soil water content (SWC) data were split into calibration and validation subsets. Model evaluation also included annual evapotranspiration (ET), percolation (PRK), and upward water movements to assess underlying soil water balance factors. The submodels provided accurate and similar results upon comparison with SWC measures under FD (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient [NSE] = 0.26 and 0.61 using VSHC and Rich‐vGM, respectively). The Rich‐vGM model accurately reproduced observed SWC and ET (e.g., NSE = 0.70 and percentage bias [PBIAS] = −3.7% for WT120, respectively) although it slightly overestimated PRK (PBIAS = 47.8%, on average). Instead, VSHC proved unable to correctly simulate shallow groundwater conditions (e.g., NSE = −1.85 for WT60 SWC). Under shallow groundwater conditions, the Rich‐vGM method is recommended, despite the additional data required and the need to define the bottom boundary conditions according to water table fluctuations. In conclusion, the Richards solver introduced and tested in EPIC improved the model's ability to represent complex biophysical and biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems associated with the hydrological balance.
Reaction rate sensitivity of 44Ti production in massive stars and implications of a thick target yield measurement for 40Ca(\alpha ,\gamma )44Ti

We evaluate two dominant nuclear reaction rates and their uncertainties that affect 44Ti production in explosive nucleosynthesis. Experimentally we develop thick target yields for the 40Ca(α, γ)44Ti reaction at E α = 4.13, 4.54, and 5.36 MeV using γ-ray spectroscopy. At the highest beam energy, we also performed an activation measurement which agrees with the thick target result. From the measured yields a stellar reaction rate was developed that is smaller than current statistical-model calculations and recent experimental results, which would suggest lower 44Ti production in scenarios for the α-rich freezeout. Special attention has been paid to assessing realistic uncertainties of stellar reaction rates produced from a combination of experimental and theoretical cross sections. With such methods, we also develop a re-evaluation of the 44Ti(α, p)47V reaction rate. Using these two rates we carry out a sensitivity survey of 44Ti synthesis in eight expansions representing peak temperature and density conditions drawn from a suite of recent supernova explosion models. Our results suggest that the current uncertainty in these two reaction rates could lead to as large an uncertainty in 44Ti synthesis as that produced by different treatments of stellar physics.
A narrative review of biomarkers in advanced triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease; while clinically diagnosed as a single entity disease, at the molecular level, TNBC includes characteristic subtypes with potential for subtype specific targeted therapies which are still underway. Chemotherapy remains the backbone of treatment of TNBC. Although new targeted therapies have been introduced in the metastatic setting, including immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors and antibody drug conjugates (ADC), identifying patients who would selectively benefit from these treatments is awaiting a more refined selection process driven by better understanding of the biology of TNBC subtypes. More importantly, there is a need for validated tools of genomic precision and biomarker driven targeted therapy that can readily identify TNBC subtypes in the clinic and translate complex molecular analysis into individualized treatment plans for patients. This review presents biomarkers in advanced TNBC with potential for targeted therapies and discusses ongoing strategies to managing the heterogeneity of TNBCs. We discuss biomarkers including TP53, androgen receptor, breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), PI3K/AKT/mTOR, immune biomarkers, and ADC. The review concludes with a summary of the landscape of biomarker driven targeted therapies in advanced TNBC that has been improving outcomes of this aggressive disease.
Housing Finance Strategies for Low-Income Households in Secondary Cities: Contextualization Under Customary Tenure in Ghana

ABSTRACT High mortgage repayment-to-income ratios and unavailability of adequate and secured collateral are major setbacks for low-income households in accessing housing finance. This notwithstanding, few studies have examined housing finance strategies that are available to low-income households within a secondary city context amidst the complexities of customary land tenure. This study examined the housing finance strategies adopted by low-income households in Kumasi, Ghana and suggested alternative strategies under informal tenure. The mixed methods approach was adopted, using a survey of randomly selected households and semi-structured interviews of financial institutions. From the data analyses, the findings suggest that low-income households are priced out of formal mortgage markets, and hence they relied on the incremental building process. This approach is unsustainable and inefficient because it takes longer periods to complete, and such houses lack basic sanitary amenities. To mitigate the situation, there is the need for government social housing drives using cheaper and locally produced building materials as a long-term measure. In the short-term, urban poor can rely on rental housing options for their housing needs. There is also the need to create serviced neighborhoods in the peri-urban fringes of the city to supply cheaper and accessible housing parcels for the poor.
Collaborative Filtering With Awareness of Social Networks

Abstract In this article, we present the NetRec method to leverage the social network data of users in collaborative filtering. We formulate two new network-related terms and obtain convex optimization problems that incorporate assumptions regarding users’ social connections and preferences about products. Our theory demonstrates that this procedure leads to a sharper error bound than before, as long as the observed social network is well structured. We point out that the larger the noise magnitude in the observed user preferences, the larger the reduction in the magnitude of the error bound. Moreover, our theory shows that the combination of the network-related term and the previously used term of nuclear norm gives estimates better than those achieved by any of them alone. We provide an algorithm to solve the new optimization problem and prove that it is guaranteed to find a global optimum. Both simulations and real data experiments are carried out to validate our theoretical findings. The application of the NetRec method on the Yelp data demonstrate its superiority over a state-of-the-art social recommendation method.