Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Networks: An Online Journal for Teacher Research Networks: An Online Journal for Teacher Research

Teacher self-efficacy is the belief a teacher holds that he or she can make a difference in student achievement, even when the student is difficult or unmotivated (Guskey & Passaro, 1994). It has been linked to positive teacher practices and student outcomes. This mixed methods study of preservice elementary and early childhood math teachers explored how having students engage in hands-on activities and view video teaching models in a graduate mathematics methods course influenced their teacher self-efficacy for math. The study took place in two phases, with course modifications made between the two. Statistical analyses of pre-and post-test scores on the Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument showed positive outcomes in Phase 1 but not Phase 2. Qualitative data in both phases suggested working with hands-on materials and viewing video models was beneficial to building student self-efficacy and in improving mathematical content knowledge. It was the first day of class in a mathematics, technology, and science methods course in a graduate teacher preparation program. Like many instructors, I took time during class to review the course syllabus, briefly discuss assignments, and explain how we would be engaging in a combination of theory and practice as we worked toward meeting the course learning outcomes. When I finished, a student’s hand went up. “Are we actually going to have to do math? ” asked the student. “Of course,” I said, “This is a course about math.” The class broke into concerned whispers, eye rolls, and quiet nervous laughter. As a means of concluding class, I asked the students to complete an exit pass, to share what they were most and least excited about as we prepared to move forward in the course. Reading them after class, I saw the in-class sentiment echoed on paper.
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

Several countries affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic recently reported cases of children that were hospitalised in intensive care due to a rare paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). The presenting signs and symptoms are a mix of the ones for Kawasaki disease (KD) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and are characterised, among others, by fever, abdominal pain and cardiac involvement. A possible temporal association with SARS-COV-2 infection has been hypothesised because some of the children that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection were either positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serology.
India in the World Economy: From Antiquity to the Present

Cross-cultural exchange has characterized the economic life of India since antiquity. Its long coastline has afforded convenient access to Asia and Africa as well as trading partnerships formed in the exchange of commodities ranging from textiles to military technology and from opium to indigo. In a journey across two thousand years, this enthralling book, written by a leading South Asian historian, describes the ties of trade, migration, and investment between India and the rest of the world and shows how changing patterns of globalization have reverberated in economic policy, politics, and political ideology within India. Along the way, the book asks three major questions: Is this a particularly Indian story? When did the big turning points happen? And is it possible to distinguish the modern from the pre-modern pattern of exchange? These questions invite a new approach to the study of Indian history by placing the region at the center of the narrative. This is global history written on India's terms, and, as such, the book invites Indian, South Asian, and global historians to rethink both their history and their methodologies.
A new surface electromyography analysis method to determine spread of muscle fiber conduction velocities

Lange, Fiete, Tiemen W. van Weerden, and Johannes H. van der Hoeven. A new surface electromyography analysis method to determine spread of muscle fiber conduction velocities. J Appl Physiol 93: 759–764, 2002. First published March 22, 2002; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00594. 2001. —Muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) estimation from surface signals is widely used to study muscle function, e.g., in neuromuscular disease and in fatigue studies. However, most analysis methods do not yield information about the velocity distribution of the various motor unit action potentials. We have developed a new method–the interpeak latency method (IPL)–to calculate both the mean MFCV and the spread of conduction velocities in vivo, from bipolar surface electromyogram (sEMG) during isometric contractions. sEMG was analyzed in the biceps brachii muscle in 15 young male volunteers. The motor unit action potential peaks are automatically detected with a computer program. Associated peaks are used to calculate a mean MFCV and the SD. The SD is taken as a measure of the MFCV spread. The main finding is that the IPL method can derive a measure of MFCV spread at different contraction levels. In conclusion, the IPL method provides accurate values for the MFCV and additionally gives information about the scatter of conduction velocities.
Effects of some forest Tree Species on Soil Properties in Chittagong University Campus, Bangladesh

In the present study, a comparison was done between soil properties of forest plantations and adjacent unplanted plots at 14 sites within Chittagong University Campus. The sites were at nearly level topography and the soils were basically uniform with sandy loam to sandy clay loam, moderately to strongly acid, poorly fertile surface. Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex. Benth. , Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. , Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. And Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Have been grown for various periods in each of three of the studied sites. In the remaining two sites, there were plantations of Hope a odorata Roxb. Data show that soils under the plantations had significantly higher organic carbon, total N, available K and Mg. On the other hand, both pH and available Ca were lower in soils under plantations than in the adjacent unplanted plots. The difference was more pronounced in the surface soil than the subsoil. The C/N, K/Ca, Mg/Ca and K/Ca + Mg ratios were higher in the plantations indicating substantial removal of N and Ca by the tree crops. However, there was no definite trend of variation in soil properties among the species and among sites within each species. This lack of differences might be due to the younger stage of the plantations.
Knowledge-based systems: a re-evaluation

Abstract: Purpose – The goal of this paper is to re-evaluate the role of knowledge-based systems (KBS) in knowledge management (KM). While knowledge-based systems and expert systems were widely used in the past, they have now fallen from favor and are largely ignored in the knowledge management literature. This paper aims to argue that several factors have changed and it is now time to re-evaluate the contribution that such systems can make to knowledge management. Design/methodology/approach – The role of KBS in KM is explored through a comprehensive analysis of both the management and the technical literature on knowledge. The literature on KBS and expert systems is reviewed and some of the problems faced by them are highlighted. Some of the probable causes of these problems and some of the solutions that might be used to overcome them are indicated. The paper describes how knowledge systems (KS) could be used as an effective tool for managing knowledge. Findings – The lack of success of KBS technologies for managing knowledge is mainly due to organizational and managerial issues. These problems can be solved through feasibility studies before system development activities. KS technology is now being successfully applied in a variety of newer domains that exploit its capabilities. Practical implications – Some conclusions are drawn concerning integration of knowledge systems with knowledge management, problems of the early implementation of knowledge systems technology, and possible solution to overcome these problems. Originality/value – The main contribution of the article is in re-evaluating the role of knowledge-based systems as a tool for knowledge management.
Water quality characteristics of River Tons at District-Dehradun, Uttarakhand (India)

In the present research work an approach to assess the water quality status of Tons river at Dehradun (Uttarakhand) has been done during January 2008 to June 2008. The Tons is the largest tributary of the Yamuna and flows through Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh. Its source lies in the 20,720 ft (6,315 meters) high Bandarpunch mountain and is one of the most major perennial Indian Himalayan rivers. The parameters studied were temperature, velocity, TS, TDS, TSS, pH, free CO2, DO, hardness, calcium, magnesium, BOD, COD, chloride and alkalinity. Except DO all the studied parameters showed higher range of values in summer period and lower values in winter period. On the other hand DO showed reversed pattern by reveling maximum values in winter which may be due to higher solubility of oxygen at lower ambient temperature. Water of river Tons is of alkaline in nature so far as pH is concerned. The average values of BOD, TS, hardness and alkalinity were observed beyond the standard limits. The presence of bacteria was clearly shown by the value of BOD which has gone beyond the standard limit that can affect public health by causing fatal diseases.
Does Institutional Reform of Intellectual Property Rights Lead to More Inbound Fdi? Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean Does Institutional Reform of Intellectual Property Rights Lead to More Inbound Fdi? Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean

Acknowledgements: We thank Yadong Luo (Editor) and three reviewers for excellent editorial guidance. We also Abstract Leveraging a 14-year panel of 18 Latin American and Caribbean countries, we advance the institution-based view in international business research by focusing on how institutional reform of intellectual property rights (IPR) policy matters in developing countries. We propose how the adoption timing of an international treaty, the Paris Convention on Industrial Property Rights, leads to more inbound FDI. Further, we propose how time spent with this IPR reform interacts with the host country's innovation base to affect inbound FDI. Our findings indicate that more reform time is negatively associated with inbound FDI, but FDI increases for more reform time within countries with substantial innovation bases.
Does QM Embedded in 5th Dimensional Embedding Allow for Classical Black Hole Ideas Only in Early Universe, Whereas Corda Special Relativity Plus QM May Eliminate Event Horizons for Black Holes after Big Bang?

We first look at the possibility that the ideas of event horizons for black holes may have their application only in early universe conditions whereas Corda’s ground breaking work rejecting event horizons may be due to the formation of quantum mechanics free of an embedding in 5 dimensions allowing for a simpler more direct approach. Which rejects the idea of a firewall. First, we present the idea of classical black hole physics applied only once as for the early universe, whereas in such a setting, there may be a way to present NLED and structure formation due to an initial entropy approach as outlined . Then the ideas of Corda’s breakthrough are presented for the reasons he illuminated in his recent work, due to QM being fully formed separate from higher dimensional embedding after the initial evolution of the universe
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY FISCAL POLICY AND INFLATION EXPECTATIONS

We ﬁnd empirical evidence of a positive correlation between the budget deﬁcit to GDP and inﬂation expectations of price setters. This implies an interdependence between ﬁscal and monetary policies: monetary policy faces more challenges to maintain inﬂation expectation anchored when the ﬁscal outcomes worsen. The limits imposed by ﬁscal policy to the achievement of monetary policy objectives are larger when the ﬁscal deﬁcit is larger. The result is robust to considering other ﬁscal variables and to controlling for macroeconomic covariates.
The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Employee Psychological Well-Being at a Palm Oil Estate in Tawau, Sabah

Strong leadership is the true cornerstone of an organisation and the backbone of a business. It has been suggested that the key role in ensuring success in the organisation and maintaining good psychological well-being is shared among employers and employees. Provision visualized that for maintaining a good psychological well-being among employees were shared between employers and employees the key in ensuring the success of maintaining good psychological well-being in the organisation. Hence, this study aims to explore the relationship between leadership style and employee psychological well-being at the palm oil estate in Tawau, Sabah. Convenience sampling was adopted as a non-probability sample design in this investigation. There were 100 employees that participated in this study, which include the harvester, daily rate employees and line leader. The data collection was conducted by distributing the questionnaire using the Google Form as well in person. Questionnaires used in this research were Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Psychological Well Being Scale. The findings showed that the level of leadership style is at a moderate level, while the level of employee psychological well-being is at a high level. This study successfully found a relationship between leadership style and employee psychological well-being within the studied company. Sentence edit: Personal growth dimension was the highest score compared to other dimensionsThere are several limitations that occurred during the research. Firstly, the lack of ability to access the academic journal gave limitations to the researcher to conduct literature review and have a better understanding of the journals. In addition, this study only included one company located in Tawau. The results are not generalizable as the data only reflect one company. Future implications should highlight the importance of role models among leaders by exhibiting leadership style attributes when communicating with their employee as it may affect the employee’s perspectives towards them. Besides, allowing employees to recognize their potential, autonomy, and ideas is a great way to start the journey toward a better leadership style.
Hypertension control: how well are we doing?

BACKGROUND We compared blood pressure (BP) control in a recent cohort of hypertensive military veterans with BP control in a previous cohort and examined whether hypertension treatment practices, as defined by the frequency of antihypertensive medication dosage increases, have changed over time. METHODS We abstracted 1999 outpatient chart data including visit type, BP measurements, comorbidities, and medication use for 981 randomly selected hypertensive veterans. We examined overall BP control and control in subgroups with diabetes mellitus and renal disease, and compared results with those of a sample of 800 veterans studied from 1990 to 1995. We also compared the frequency of antihypertensive medication dosage increases in the 2 samples. RESULTS Mean BPs were significantly lower in 1999. The mean systolic drop was 3.1 mm Hg and reached 13.7 mm Hg for the subgroups with diabetes and renal disease. Even larger decreases were seen in mean diastolic BPs. In 1999, 57% of patients had BP measurements of 140/90 mm Hg or higher, vs 69% of patients in the 1990-1995 study (P<.001). In 1999, the BP control of patients with diabetes was similar to that of patients without diabetes, as 60% of the former had BP measurements of 140/90 mm Hg or higher. Patients with renal disease had better control than those without, however, as only 43% had BP measurements of 140/90 mm Hg or higher. When comparing samples, patients with diabetes, renal disease, or both had better BP control in 1999 than their counterparts in the 1990-1995 study (P<.003 in all cases). In 1999, more medical visits were associated with medication dosage increases than in the 1990-1995 study. CONCLUSIONS Although overall BP control has improved, BP measurements still exceeded recommended levels in most patients. For patients with diabetes and renal disease BP was much better controlled in the more recent sample. However, BP control of patients with diabetes was similar to that of patients without diabetes, and not in agreement with the guideline-recommended tighter control. Thus, room for improvement remains, especially in this subgroup.
SEISMIC RESPONSE OF SACRIFICIAL SHEAR KEYS IN BRIDGE ABUTMENTS.

16. Abstract Sacrificial shear keys are used at abutments to provide transverse support for bridge superstructures under seismic loads. In addition, sacrificial shear keys serve as structural fuses to control damage in abutments and the supporting piles under transverse seismic loads. Sacrificial shear keys may be interior or exterior. Exterior shear keys are usually recommended for new construction because they are easier to inspect and repair. One of the important issues addressed in this report is the post-earthquake inspection and repair of abutments with shear keys.
Magnetic properties of black mud turbidites from ODP Leg 116, distal Bengal Fan

Turbidites from the distal Bengal Fan cored on ODP Leg 116 showed large magnetic susceptibility (MS) variations. MS peaks were traced to individual turbidites, the most magnetic being dark gray mud turbidites. In addition to large MS values, the turbidites stand out from surrounding layers because of high NRMs, ARMs, SIRMs, and ratios of ARM and SIRM to susceptibility. Alternating field and thermal demagnetization properties and IRM acquisition curves suggest titanomagnetite grains as the primary magnetic mineral with some amount of hematite present. These properties are similar to those of Deccan flood basalts and suggest this formation as a source of magnetic grains. Magnetic granulometry tests implied that the magnetic particles behave as single-domain and pseudo single-domain grains. They also indicate that the large susceptibility peaks result from a tenfold increase in the concentration of titanomagnetite grains. Electron microscope, EDX, and SIRM analyses revealed detrital titanomagnetites with typical sizes around 8-10 {mu}m, but as large as 20-25 {mu}. These are probably the dominant magnetic grains in the black mud turbidites; however, ARM and susceptibility frequency-dependence suggested that there may also be a submicrometer fraction present. Most of the observed titanomagnetite grains are tabular and some display exsolution lamellae, accounting formore » the pseudo single-domain behavior despite their moderate sizes. Variations in individual MS peak shapes may reflect sedimentological factors such as current velocity changes. Moreover, downhole variations in the amplitudes of turbidite MS peaks suggest a tectonic or environmental influence. « less
Energy services for the Millennium Development Goals.

In line with the UN Millennium Project more broadly, this report on energy addresses three crucial components: firstly, a rigorous understanding of the energy services that drive and, when absent, impede progress towards achieving the MDGs in different parts of the world; secondly, a clear sense of the operational challenges faced by the world's poorest countries in providing these services; and thirdly, a systematic set of recommendations as to how these energy challenges can be met. The report shows linkages between all of the MDGs and energy and argues that much greater quality and quantity of energy services will be required to meet the MDGs. The report also illustrates the distinct roles of women and men in relation to the provision and use of energy services, the critical importance of associating women with the provision of modern energy services, as well as the distinct routes needed to scale up energy services in rural and urban areas.
Migration saisonnière du thiof (Epinephelus aeneus) au Sénégal: influence des upwellings sénégalais et mauritanien

Seasonal migration of thiof (Epinephelus aeneus) off Senegal: effect of the Senegalese and Mauritanian upwellings Upwelling occurs along the Senegalese coast from November to May. The appearance of a migrant stock of thiof (Epiiteplzelus aeneus) along the North coast of Senegal is related to the onset of this coastal upwelling. The impact of this upwelling on the migration of the thiof off the North coast of Senegal is first analysed. Then, some hypotheses on the seasonal migration from Mauritania to Senegal are put forward.
Unexpected effects of national social insurance on support for county-level public health policies

In the U.S., the generosity of supplementary federal unemployment insurance (UI) was a controversial issue throughout the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. The debate focused mostly on worries about economic disincentives for workers. However, federal UI may also have undermined support for local-level pandemic mitigation strategies. We quantify the effect of federal UI on the trade-offs that individuals are willing to make with respect to county-level pandemic policies. We use choice experiments from an online survey, and both model, and correct for, systematic response/non-response propensities. When respondents are asked to assume that federal UI will be zero, they tend to be averse to losses in average household income but favorably disposed toward increased unemployment. With positive federal UI payments, however, respondents become more willing to accept losses in average household income but view increased unemployment less favorably. The reversal with respect to losses in average household income is driven by younger, white, non-college and lower-income respondents. The reversal with respect to unemployment is driven by middle-aged and conservative respondents. Our findings demonstrate policy-relevant heterogeneity in support for county-level health policies as a function of national-level social safety net policy. JEL classifications: H5, H73, J65, I18
Large-Eddy Simulation of a Laminar Separation Bubble

Large-eddy simulation of a laminar separation bubble on a flat plate has been performed and compared with the data in the literature. Suitability of different subgrid -scale models has been examined for simulation of transition. Comparison of various parameters and three -dimensional visualization of instantaneous flow fields indicate that standard Smagorinsky model , b ing too dissipative , is not suitable for this kind of problem and fails to properly resolve transition. With the application of low Reynolds number correction and a re duc d model constant , a good agreement with the dynamic model is obtained at a lower computational cost. Of the three SGS models investigated, dynamic model gives the most physically accurate descripti on of transition. -vortices, vortex stretching and break down of longitudinal streaks characterize the transition process. Low values of reverse flow make it clear that a convective instability is involved. It is concluded that the initial amplification of disturbances is due to Tollmien Schlichting mechanism while the roll -up of the shear layer takes place due to Kelvin -Helmholtz instability. It is observed that the universal log -law profile is not reache d by the velocity profiles even far downstream.
Sur certaines propriétés de la distribution gamma généralisée

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