Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal Viral Load Is the Major Driver of Incident Antibody Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Abstract Background Virologic determinants of seroconversion to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were defined in a post hoc analysis of prospectively studied vaccine- and infection-naïve individuals at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This phase 3 COVID-19 prevention trial (NCT04452318) with casirivimab and imdevimab was conducted in July 2020–February 2021, before widespread vaccine availability. Placebo-treated participants who were uninfected (SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] negative) and seronegative were assessed weekly for 28 days (efficacy assessment period [EAP]) for COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-qPCR of nasopharyngeal swab samples and for serostatus by antinucleocapsid immunoglobulin (Ig) G. Regression-based modeling, including causal mediation analysis, estimated the effects of viral load on seroconversion. Results Of 157/1069 (14.7%) uninfected and seronegative (for antispike IgG, antispike IgA, and antinucleocapsid IgG) participants who became infected during the EAP, 105 (65%) seroconverted. The mean (SD) maximum viral load of seroconverters was 7.23 (1.68) log10 copies/mL vs 4.8 (2.2) log10 copies/mL in those who remained seronegative; viral loads of ∼6.0 log10 copies/mL better predicted seroconversion. The mean of the maximum viral load was 7.11 log10 copies/mL in symptomatic participants vs 5.58 log10 copies/mL in asymptomatic participants. The mean duration of detectable viral load was longer in seroconverted vs seronegative participants: 3.24 vs 1.63 weeks. Conclusions Maximum SARS-CoV-2 viral load is a major driver of seroconversion and symptomatic COVID-19, with high viral loads (∼6.0 log10 copies/mL) better predicting seroconversion. Serology underestimates infection rates, incidence, and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
SHORT-BEAKED COMMON DOLPHIN (Delphinus delphis):

STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Short-beaked common dolphins are the most abundant cetacean off California, and are widely distributed between the coast and at least 300 nmi distance from shore. The abundance of this species off California has been shown to change on both seasonal and inter-annual time scales (Dohl et al. 1986; Barlow 1995; Forney et al. 1995). Historically, they were reported primarily south of Pt. Conception (Dohl et al. 1986), but on recent (1991/93/96) summer/fall surveys, they were commonly sighted as far north as 42N (Figure 1). Four strandings of common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) have been reported in Oregon and Washington since 1942 (B. Norberg, pers. comm.), but three of these could not be identified to species. One animal, which stranded in 1983, was identified as a short-beaked common dolphin (J. Hodder, pers. comm.). Significant seasonal shifts in the abundance and distribution of common dolphins have been identified based on winter/spring 1991-92 and summer/fall 1991 surveys (Forney and Barlow 1998). Their distribution is continuous southward into Mexican waters to about 13N (Perrin et al. 1985; Wade and Gerrodette 1993; Mangels and Gerrodette 1994), and short-beaked common dolphins off California may be an extension of the "northern common dolphin" stock defined for management of eastern tropical Pacific tuna fisheries (Perrin et al. 1985). However, preliminary data on variation in dorsal fin color patterns suggest there may be multiple stocks in this region, including at least two possible stocks in California (Farley 1995). The less abundant longbeaked common dolphin has only recently been recognized as a different species (Heyning and Perrin 1994; Rosel et al. 1994), and much of the available information has not differentiated between the two types of common dolphin. Although short-beaked common dolphins are not restricted to U.S. waters, cooperative management agreements with Mexico exist only for the tuna purse seine fishery and not for other fisheries which may take this species (e.g. gillnet Figure 1. Short-beaked common dolphin sightings based on shipboard surveys off California, Oregon, and Washington, 1991-2001 (see Appendix 2, for data sources and information on timing and location of survey effort). No Delphinus sightings have been made off Washington. Dashed line represents the U.S. EEZ, thick line indicates the outer boundary of all surveys combined.
Machine Learning Applied to Gender Violence: A Systematic Mapping Study

Machine Learning (ML) has positioned itself as one of the best tools to address different problems thanks to its data processing capabilities, as well as the different models, algorithms, and predictive factors that help to solve defined problems. Therefore, this article presents a systematic mapping from 2018 to 2023 focused on the application of ML to gender-based violence. The methodology followed for this study is based on the definition of elements such as research questions, search strings, bibliographic sources, and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research results allow us to understand the benefits and challenges of using artificial intelligence, precisely one of its branches, ML, to help combat problems in different areas of society, such as education, health, and violence, among others. It also identifies the countries where ML is being researched and the contexts it is applied to. The study discusses the application of ML to combat gender-based violence. After conducting a literature review, beneficial results were found in the application of artificial intelligence and ML. The results obtained in the different articles showed a predictive capacity and improvements compared to currently used systems. However, despite the positive results, no evidence of the development of an ML model or algorithm applied to gender-based violence in Colombia was found in the review.
Effects of Air Current Speed on Net Photosynthetic and Evapotranspiration Rates of a Tomato Plug Sheet under Artificial Light

In the production of plug seedlings, the air current speed around the seedlings is an important environmental factor affecting the rates of net photosynthesis (P) and evapotranspiration (E) . In the present experiment, a plug sheet consisting of tomato plug seedlings and soil mix was placed in a wind tunnel with artificial lights, and the P and E rates of the plug sheet were examined under different air current speeds, at an air temperature of 29-30°C, relative humidity of 60-70%, CO2 concentration of 340-360 μmol mol-1 and photosynthetic photon flux density of 270 μmol m-2s-1 At the inlet and outlet of the wind tunnel, absolute humidities (yin and yout, respectively) and CO2 concentrations (Cin and Cout, respectively) were determined with a dew point analyzer and an infrared CO2 analyzer, respectively. The weight of the plug sheet was measured with an electronic balance. The E was estimated based on the change with time in the weight of plug sheet. The air flow rate in the wind tunnel, F, was determined using an equation : E = F (yout-yin) /A, where A is the area of plug sheet. The P was determined using the equation : P=F (Cin - Cout) /A. The P and E increased as the air current speed and LA! (leaf area index of the seedlings) increased. However, the increase in P with the increase in LAI was less than the increase in E with the increase in LAI. Eleven days after seeding, when LAI=0.43, the P and E at an air current speed of 0.6 m s-1 were 1.4 and 1.9 times those at an air current of 0.1 m s-1, respectively.
Caves, arvicoline rodents, and chronologic resolution

Fossiliferous sedimentary deposits provide opportunities for paleontologists to explore detailed questions about the past history of individual species and assemblages. Caves often retain data sets that allow for detailed investigations into site chronology, paleoecology, and local faunal history. Re-evaluation of the arvicoline rodent assemblage from Smith Creek Cave, Nevada, resulted in a taxonomic data set that potentially conflicts with the previously published site chronology. Specifically, identification of previously unreported taxa included possible records of Microtus meadensis and M. paroperarius. Also identified were 4-triangle morphotypes of Lemmiscus curtatus. Smith Creek Cave is one of few known localities to preserve a 4-triangle morphotype of L. curtatus. The possible occurrences of M. meadensis and M. paroperarius in one of the lowest sedimentary horizons in Smith Creek Cave (the reddish-pink silt zone) are particularly significant given the known chronologic distribution of these taxa (between 820 Ka and 146.02 ± 2.584 to 153.7 ± 6.4 Ka). A revised age estimate for the reddish-pink silt zone, based on known chronologic ranges of M. meadensis and M. paroperarius, would be markedly different than the published radiocarbon age for those sediments (28,650 ± 760 14C yr BP). The chronologic quandary between age estimates re-emphasizes the complex nature of paleontological and archaeological accumulations in cave deposits.
An Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Screening Study in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bronchiectasis, or Asthma in Turkey

Purpose Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by decreased serum alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels. We aim to identify AATD in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, or asthma and to report the frequency of AAT variants in Turkey. Patients and Methods This non-interventional, multicenter, prospective study was conducted between October 2021 and June 2022. Adult patients with COPD, bronchiectasis, asthma, liver symptoms, or family members with AATD were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics, pulmonary diagnosis, respiratory symptoms, and AAT serum levels were assessed. Whole blood samples were collected as dried blood spots, and the most common AATD mutations were simultaneously tested by allele-specific genotyping. Results A total of 1088 patients, mainly diagnosed with COPD (92.7%) and shortness of breath (78.7%), were assessed. Fifty-one (5%) were found to have AATD mutations. Fifteen (29.4%) patients had Pi*S or Pi*Z mutations, whereas 36 (70.6%) patients carried rare alleles Pi*M malton (n=18, 35.3% of mutations), Pi*I (n=8, 16%), Pi*P lowell (n=7, 14%), Pi*M heerlen (n=2, 4%), and Pi*S iiyama (n=1, 2%). The most common heterozygous combinations were Pi*M/Z (n=12, 24%), and Pi*M/M malton (n=11, 22%). Ten patients with severe AATD due to two deficiency alleles were identified, two with the Pi*Z/Z genotype, four with the genotype Pi*M malton/M malton, three with Pi*Z/M malton, and one with Pi*Z/M heerlen. Conclusion Our results identified AATD mutations as a genetic-based contributor to lung disease in patients with COPD or bronchiectasis and assessed their frequency in a population of Turkish patients.
Intention to use digital mental health solutions: A cross-sectional survey of university students attitudes and perceptions toward online therapy, mental health apps, and chatbots

Background Globally, the high prevalence of mental disorders among university students is a growing public health problem, yet a small minority of students with mental health problems receive treatment. Digital mental health solutions could bridge treatment gaps and overcome many barriers students face accessing treatment. However, there is scant evidence, especially in South Africa (SA), relating to university students’ use of and intention to use digital mental health solutions or their attitudes towards these technologies. We aim to explore university 2students attitudes towards and perceptions of digital mental health solutions, and the factors associated with their intention to use them. Methods University students from four SA universities (n = 17 838) completed an online survey to assess experience with, attitudes and perceptions of, and intentions to use, digital mental health solutions. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis to identify factors underlying attitudes and perceptions, and then used multivariate ordinal regression analysis was used to investigate the factors’ association with students’ intention to use digital mental health solutions. Results Intention to use digital mental health solutions was high, and attitudes towards and perceptions of digital mental health solutions were largely positive. Importantly, our analysis also shows that 12.6% of users were willing to utilise some form of digital mental health solutions but were unwilling to utilise traditional face-to-face therapies. The greatest proportion of variance was explained by the factor ‘Attitudes towards digital technologies’ utility to improve student counselling services, provided they are safe’. Conclusion SA university students are already engaging with digital mental health solutions, and their intention to do so is high. Certain attitudes and perceptions, particularly concerning the utility, effectiveness, and safety, underlie willingness to engage with these solutions, providing potential targets for interventions to increase uptake.
Impact of Sickle Cell Awareness Day on online health information seeking in Africa using Google Trends

Abstract The United Nations Council Assembly recognized sickle cell disease (SCD) as a global public health problem due to its increasing burden, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. To raise awareness, a resolution was adopted, designating June 19th as SCD awareness day. However, the impact of this awareness day on online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) in African countries is not well understood, especially in Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda where SCD prevalence is high. To assess the impact, the study used Google Trends data as a measure of OHISB for SCD. The analysis covered the 60 days before the awareness day, the awareness day itself, and the 60 days afterward. Time series analysis was conducted using joinpoint regression to identify significant changes in OHISB trends. The results indicated that the impact of the Sickle Cell Awareness Day on OHISB varied across African countries and did not consistently inspire significant changes in information seeking behaviour. This suggests the need for more targeted awareness campaigns to improve public knowledge of SCD in Africa. It also highlights the importance of revising the current awareness day or creating alternative health awareness initiatives that adopt a long-term approach and address the specific health needs of the African population. Furthermore, due to limitations in using Google Trends data in some African countries with insufficient data, future research should explore other sources of internet data or conduct surveys to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of the Sickle Cell Awareness Day on OHISB in Africa.
Trapping of buoyant fluids in fault-bound structures

Abstract Structural traps comprise surfaces having high capillary threshold pressure for fluid phases such as hydrocarbon or CO2. Traps may include top-seal, bottom-seal and side-seal surfaces, the latter commonly being faults. Faults may form seals by juxtaposition or by fault-rock. The first step in fault characterization is mapping the distribution of offset layers at the fault surface. This pattern (‘Allan diagram’) comprises the separation polygons. These same lines define the displacement distribution on the fault, and so can also be used as a quality-check of the interpretation. They are also a fundamental part of horizon maps. Despite their central role in subsurface mapping, construction of fault polygons remains a weak step in the workflow in many E&P companies. To characterize fault-rock effects, it is usual to consider an upscaled proxy such as shale gouge ratio (SGR), with the assumption that high SGR represents clay smears and low SGR represents clay-poor fault rock. Suitable estimates of hydraulic properties can then be applied to different parts of the fault surface. The property distribution on the fault side-seals allows an estimate of the maximum hydrocarbon column height that the trap might contain, by comparing the multiple potential leak-points and finding which predicts the shallowest contact.
ISARIC-4C Mortality Score overestimates risk of death due to COVID-19 in Australian ICU patients: a validation cohort study

Objective: To assess the performance of the UK International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (4C) Mortality Score for predicting mortality in Australian patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Design: Multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Setting: 78 Australian ICUs participating in the SPRINT-SARI (Short Period Incidence Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection) Australia study of COVID-19. Participants: Patients aged 16 years or older admitted to participating Australian ICUs with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 between 27 February and 10 October 2020. Main outcome measures: ISARIC-4C Mortality Score, calculated at the time of ICU admission. The primary outcome was observed versus predicted in-hospital mortality (by 4C Mortality and APACHE II). Results: 461 patients admitted to a participating ICU were included. 149 (32%) had complete data to calculate a 4C Mortality Score without imputation. Overall, 61/461 patients (13.2%) died, 16.9% lower than the comparable ISARIC-4C cohort in the United Kingdom. In patients with complete data, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) 4C Mortality Score was 10.0 (IQR, 8.0–13.0) and the observed mortality was 16.1% (24/149) versus 22.9% median predicted risk of death. The 4C Mortality Score discriminatory performance measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68–0.90), similar to its performance in the original ISARIC-4C UK cohort (0.77) and not superior to APACHE II (AUROC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75–0.87). Conclusions: When calculated at the time of ICU admission, the 4C Mortality Score consistently overestimated the risk of death for Australian ICU patients with COVID-19. The 4C Mortality Score may need to be individually recalibrated for use outside the UK and in different hospital settings.
Including Socially Isolated Black, Older Old Adults (Aged 80 and Above) with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Clinical Trial: Recruitment Strategies and Perspectives

Objective This study describes strategies for the recruitment of socially isolated older old Black individuals to participate in the “Internet-based conversational engagement clinical trial (I-CONECT)” (Clinical Trial.gov: NCT02871921) and lessons learned in this critical population segment. Methods Best practice strategies to recruit the target population included mass mailings, advertisements, and direct community outreach, including the collaboration with a community group created to reach Black individuals interested in research participation. We also made protocol changes to measure recruitment criteria for older old Black adults more accurately and to increase their participation. Results Descriptive data related to the challenges and successes in recruiting Black participants compared to the White participants is presented. The primary site contacted 17,523 primarily White potential participants and enrolled/randomized 145 White and 2 Asian/mixed race participants (0.8%). The Midwest site contacted 12,141 Black potential participants and enrolled/randomized 39 (0.3%) participants. Discussion While best practices were employed, several factors complicated recruitment, including the need to adjust recruitment criteria, navigate regional regulations, and respect diverse community preferences. Conclusion Older old African Americans are reachable and willing to participate in research when considering their beliefs and practices, influenced by their community and experience.
Recent Seismicity in India and Adjoining Regions

In the present work, historical and instrumental seismicity data of India and its adjoining areas (within 300km from Indian political boundary) are compiled to form the earthquake catalog for the country covering the period from 1505 to 2009. The initial catalogue consisted of about 139563 earthquake events and after declustering,the total number of events obtained was 61315. Region specific earthquake magnitude scaling relations correlating different magnitude scales were achieved and a homogenous earthquake catalogue in moment magnitude (MW) scale was developed for the region. This paper also presents the results of the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to prepare a digitized seismic source map of India. The latest earthquake data were superimposed on the digitized source map to get a final Seismotectonic map of India. The study area has been divided into 1225 grid points (approximately 110km×110km) and the seismicity analysis has been done to get the spatial variation of seismicity parameters ‘a’ and ‘b’ across the country. The homogenized earthquake catalogue with the event details is listed in the website http://civil.iisc. ernet.in/~sreevals/resource.htm
New decapod assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Gara Sbaa, southeastern Morocco

The report of decapod crustaceans from the "Hamada des Kem Kem" slope (SE Morocco) has previously been limited to only one report by Garassino et al. (2006). The recent disco- very of macrurans, anomurans, and brachyurans from a new quarry, located at the top of a small mesa called Gara Sbaa, increases the carcinologic knowledge from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian) of this area. The macruran specimens include Cretapenaeus berberus Garassino, Pasini & Dutheil, 2006 (Penaeidae Rafi nesque-Schmaltz, 1815) and Glyphea garasbaaensis n. sp. (Glypheidae Zittel, 1885). The anomuran specimens include Galathea sahariana n. sp. , Paragalathea africana n. sp. , and Cretagalathea exigua n. gen., n. sp. (Galatheidae Samouelle, 1819). The brachyuran speci- mens include Corazzatocarcinus cfr. C. hadjoulae (Roger, 1946) (Necrocarcinidae Forster, 1968) and Telamonocarcinus cfr. T. gambalatus Larghi, 2004 (Dorippidae MacLeay, 1838) recently described from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon.
Steviol glycosides in food : Exposure scenarios and health effect assessment

Het gebruik van steviol glycosiden (extracten van de Stevia plant) als zoetstof in voedingsmiddelen is recent goedgekeurd door de Europese Commissie. De marktintroductie van deze producten zal waarschijnlijk niet leiden tot een gezondheidsprobleem in Nederland. Echter, extreme gebruikers van producten die gezoet worden met steviol glycosides zouden de ADI kunnen overschrijden. De potentiele toekomstige blootstelling van Nederlandse kinderen aan steviol glycosides is bekeken met behulp van scenarios. Hiervoor zijn consumptiedata uit de VCP-jonge kinderen (van 2 tot 6 jaar), de EC lijst met maximaal toegestane hoeveelheden en de producten waarin stevia is toegestaan gebruikt. Naast een 'worst case' scenario zijn ook scenarios met marktaandelen berekend. Bij het 10% marktaandeel scenario was de blootstelling van kinderen aan steviol glycosiden 1.7 mg/kg lichaamsgewicht per dag op het 95e percentiel en de ADI van 4 mg/kg lichaamsgewicht per dag werd overschreden door 0.3% van de kinderen. Limonades en frisdranken droegen het meest bij aan de blootstelling. Uit een literatuurstudie naar de gezondheidseffecten van steviol glycosiden werd geconcludeerd dat er weinig informatie beschikbaar is over effecten die optreden in combinatie met andere zoetstoffen. Echter, op basis van de aanwezige informatie worden geen nadelige effecten verwacht. Monitoring van de blootstelling aan zoetstoffen wordt geadviseerd, zodat potentiele problemen in de toekomst tijdig gesignaleerd en voorkomen kunnen worden.