Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFD-Based Thermal Abuse Simulations including Gas Generation and Venting of an 18650 Li-Ion Battery Cell

A high-resolution, 3D, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and implemented for simulating the heat and gas generation during thermal runaway failure of an 18650 Li-ion battery cell. The model accounts for volumetric gas generation within the active material of the cell and for gas flow through the jellyroll, into the headspace regions, through the safety vent, and out into the surrounding air space. The simulation captures the key features of the oven test, including: self-heating from decomposition reactions, initial venting (i.e. blowdown), temperature decrease due to evaporative cooling, thermal runaway, a second venting event associated with thermal runaway, and cooldown. The highly detailed geometric model of the safety vent allowed for new insight into the physics of venting during thermal runaway. Secondary flows, including ring vortices, counter-rotating vortex pairs, and corner vortices, were found to increase the rate of mixing of the vented gases with the surrounding air. The simulation was compared to previously reported experimental results and found to have good qualitative agreement of jet flow direction. The present thermal abuse model forms the basis for future studies to consider the role of gas impingement heat transfer and gas combustion in full battery pack propagating failures.
Comparison of immediate germline sequencing and multi-step screening for Lynch syndrome detection in high-risk endometrial and colorectal cancer patients

Objective Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome with a significantly increased risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Current standard practice involves universal screening for LS in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal or endometrial cancer using a multi-step screening protocol (MSP). However, MSP may not always accurately identify LS cases. To address this limitation, we compared the diagnostic performance of immediate germline sequencing (IGS) with MSP in a high-risk group. Methods A total of 31 Taiwanese women with synchronous or metachronous endometrial and colorectal malignancies underwent MSP which included immunohistochemical staining of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, MLH1 promoter hypermethylation analysis, and germline sequencing to identify pathogenic variants. All patients who were excluded during MSP received germline sequencing for MMR genes to simulate IGS for the detection of LS. Results Our findings indicate that IGS surpassed MSP in terms of diagnostic yield (29.0% vs. 19.4%, respectively) and sensitivity (90% vs. 60%, respectively). Specifically, IGS successfully identified nine LS cases, which is 50% more than the number detected through MSP. Additionally, germline methylation analysis revealed one more LS case with constitutional MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, bringing the total LS cases to ten (32.3%). Intriguingly, we observed no significant differences in clinical characteristics or overall survival between patients with and without LS in our cohort. Conclusion Our study suggests that IGS may potentially offer a more effective approach compared to MSP in identifying LS among high-risk patients. This advantage is evident when patients have been pre-selected utilizing specific clinical criteria.
Predictors of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding according to the Cox regression model: survey of mothers of children aged 6-12 months, Thiès, Senegal

Introduction even though exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for up to six months is recognised as essential infant care, it is still insufficiently practiced. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of EBF cessation in Thiès. Methods this was a survival analysis of data collected using a cross-sectional procedure. Data collection took place from 2nd December 2019 to 21st January 2020. The study population consisted of mothers of children aged 6 to 12 months residing in Thiès and seen at the reference health centre of the Thiès Health District during infant vaccination sessions. The number of subjects was 400 mothers recruited using a systematic survey, with a sampling interval equal to two. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview. Predictive factors were identified using the Cox regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) are calculated. Results the average age of the mothers was 27.08 ± 6.34 years. The proportion of mothers who breastfed their child within one hour of birth was 29.25%. The proportion of those who practiced EBF was 41.50%. The incidence density of EBF cessation was 14 person-months per 100 breastfeeding mothers. The median duration of EBF was 5 months. Lack of advice on EBF during antenatal care (AHR=1.42; 95% CI =1.08-1.85), sources of information other than health professionals (AHR =1.51; 95% CI =1.05-2.19), late initiation of EBF, i.e. breastfeeding beyond 24 hours after birth (AHR =1.53; 95% CI =1.02-2.28) and low level of knowledge about EBF (AHR =1.46; 95% CI =1.11-1.92) were significantly associated with early termination of EBF. Conclusion the promotion of EBF for up to six months will necessarily involve the promotion of prenatal consultations during which professionals should raise awareness among future mothers.
Research on Asynchronous Characteristics of Three-Phase Arc in Contactor

Three-phase contactor is an important switching device in a power distribution system. In contactors, unavoidable tolerances create differences in three-phase contact overtravel. The separation of the contacts at different times produces three-phase asynchronous arcs. On the basis of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation model, the arc behavior of the synchronous arc and the asynchronous arc are analyzed. An experimental platform based on phase control technology is built. The volt-ampere characteristics and high-speed photography of synchronous and asynchronous arcs are acquired. The influence of phase and actuator speed on the asynchronous arc is analyzed. The experimental and simulation results show that the asynchronous arc makes the three-phase arc more uneven. The higher the lagging phase voltage, the more obvious the unevenness. Increasing the actuator speed can effectively reduce the adverse effects of asynchronous arc.
Coarse-to-Fine Nutrition Prediction

Healthy dietary intake has a broad influence on the quality of life, and nutrition prediction plays a great role in the auxiliary decision-making of diet. Given a food image, existing nutrition prediction methods directly regress the nutrition content. However, due to the complex variations in food images, such as differences in viewpoint and lighting conditions, directly regressing the nutrition content faces significant challenges. The complexity of the food image data results in a high-dimensional and feature-rich input space, which poses difficulties for traditional regression models to efficiently navigate and optimize. Consequently, the direct regression paradigm usually generates inaccurate nutrition predictions. To alleviate the ambiguity challenge in the prediction progress, we propose to narrow the searchable space for the model's predictions by decomposing the direct regression into two steps: first coarsely selecting the nutrition scope and then finely refining the prediction value, forming a coarse-to-fine nutrition prediction paradigm. Although the process of coarse prediction which selects a bin from a series of scope bins can be formulated as a standard classification problem, it exhibits a distinguishable characteristic, i.e. the closer to the ground truth bin, the less punishment in the training phase. However, most of the current methods have ignored this phenomenon, thus, we specially design the linearly smoothed label in the nutrition prediction task to reveal the relative distance to the ground truth bin, leading to extraordinary improvements. Furthermore, we conduct a pair-wise comparison among all bins by extending the 1D label into 2D space and propose the structure loss to guide the bin selection process effectively. Due to the narrowed decision space, the nutrition prediction problem can be effectively optimized, and the proposed method achieves promising results on three benchmarks ECUSTFD, VFD and Nutrition5K, demonstrating the efficiency of the coarse-to-fine paradigm equipped with the linear-smoothed structure loss.
An Atmospheric Turbulence Profile Model for Use in Army Wargaming Applications I

Abstract : Models for the vertical structure of the refractive index structure parameter, Cn2, appropriate for wargames are discussed. Legacy vertical profile models are reviewed and synthesized to produce a new vertical model that seamlessly spans various segments of the tropospheric atmosphere. The model integrates effects for the surface, boundary, and upper tropospheric layers. Legacy models are reviewed and synthesized to create the new profile model. In this effort the focus has been on the worst case condition near the surface of daytime noon turbulence. The model developed is suitable to simulate turbulence effects on Army electro-optical sensors for visible through far-infrared wavelengths. The products of this study is a tailored, small, rapidly executing algorithm and associated tables for predicting turbulence: a log-mean vertical layer and terrain effects prediction, and a methodology for conversion of the log-mean profile to mean Cn2 profile.
Fault Coupling on a Creeping Thrust Fault: Joint Inversion Using Geodetic Data and Repeating Earthquakes

Due to the lack of recognized creep on dip‐slip faults, the nature of fault creep and its role in the generation of large earthquakes is largely unexplored. The Chihshang fault in Taiwan serves as one of the best examples of a thrust creeping fault in the world, exhibiting a fast creep rate of 2–3 cm/year and the capability of producing magnitude six earthquakes. Land‐based geodetic measurements are less sensitive to fault slip with depth, especially for the deeper portion of the seaward dipping fault. Taking advantage of slip rates inferred from repeating earthquake sequences (RESs) at greater depths (up to 30 km), we present a method that embeds RES‐derived slip rates into the neighboring fault patch for geodetic data inversion. Using the geodetic and seismological data from 2007 to 2011, we achieve a higher resolution of inter‐seismic slip rate distribution below a depth of 10 km. The inferred low coupling ratio establishes an extensive creeping area that coincides with a location of abundant RES and earthquake swarms. The inferred high coupling ratio, on the other hand, delineates a locked area corresponding to the two co‐seismic slip zones of the 2003 Mw 6.8 Chengkung and 2022 Mw 6.7 Yuli earthquakes. The transition zone marking the gradual change from fully locked to shallow creeping areas appears to coincide with the post‐seismic slip area of the 2003 Chengkung event. Using the fault coupling model, the moment rate deficit measured in the two locked areas is capable of generating a Mw 6.8 event every 78 years to the south and a Mw 6.7 event every 28 years to the north. This moment rate deficit is decreased by 10% when the closely located Central Range fault is considered in a two‐fault model, leading to the slightly longer recurrence interval on the Chihshang fault. The two‐fault model potentially contributes to a better understanding of the regional inter‐seismic deformation, which is recommended to be adopted in the future studies of seismic hazard assessment.
Effects of Strategy-Based Memory Training for Older Adults: Do Booster Sessions Prompt Long-Term Benefits?

This study examined the efficacy of a strategy-based memory training for older adults at short- and long-term with two (5- and 11 months) follow-ups. We also explored whether booster sessions (additional training before the first follow-up) facilitated the maintenance of benefits. Thirty-three older adults received a training based on the teaching of different effective memory strategies. One group completed three booster sessions before the 5 months follow-up. Training gains were examined using a word-list and a face–surname association recall tasks, and transfer effects with a grocery-word list (GL) recall task, a working memory (WM) measure, and a perceived memory functioning questionnaire. Training gains and transfer effects to the WM measure emerged and were maintained up to the second follow-up. No benefits for the GL and perceived memory functioning were found. The “boosted” group had only a slight advantage—in one of the transfer tasks—as shown by effect sizes. This pilot study confirms the efficacy of strategy-based memory training in supporting older adults’ memory performance up to 11 months since training completion. However, booster sessions seem not to make a clear difference in prompting long-lasting benefits. Training features capable of fostering generalized, prolonged effects are worth investigating.
Savagery and Colonialism in the Indian Ocean: Power, Pleasure and the Andaman Islanders

1. Racializing the Andamanese 2. Counterinsurgency and the Jungle 3. Clearings of the Kidnapped 4. The Dying Savage: Work, Medicine and Andamanese Extinction 5. Another Jungle: Natives and Savages 6. Savage Pleasures: The Erotics of the Andamanese Body . Conclusion: Beyond the Clearing
Exploring the Gender Differences in Various Mental Health Problems of Adolescents

Since society has growing demands on young people, the mental health of adolescents is very important in the current society. This article reviews the causes, gender differences, and effects of four psychological issues among adolescents including anxiety disorders, depression, social communication disorders, and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study reveals that among adolescents, girls are more likely than boys to experience the three mental health issues of social disorders, depression, and anxiety, while boys are more likely to experience ADHD. Moreover, this paper analyzes three areas: family, school, and government to discuss the solution for improving these issues and the current situation. Therefore, after reviewing previous literature and summarizing their findings, this paper contributes to emphasizing that girls have more probabilities to suffer from mental health problems than boys, thereby calling for society to pay more attention and offer more help to girls. Future research can work on how to reduce these conditions and propose some applicable solutions.
Ecological factors affecting investment in body mass, and horns in the Alpine chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra )

Fitness in herbivorous polygynous species is related both to body conditions and to secondary sexual traits. Ungulates therefore must balance resources between body size and antlers/horns growth. Here I described how some ecological factors affected the investment in body mass and horn length in Alpine chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ). Chamois horns grow mainly in the first years of life and their size can be deciding for future individual success. Therefore I analyzed the horn size variation in yearlings according to a large set of ecological variables, including for the first time also soil type (calcareous or siliceous). I found that there are many environmental and climatic factors able to modify horn length. Both sexes showed a high investment in horn grow in good conditions but females on siliceous soil and after harsher winter reduced this investment. Moreover I analyzed the reproductive strategy over time in male Alpine chamois and I showed that the reproductive investment increased with age by continuing to invest more energy after prime age. This strategy is in agreement with the terminal investment hypothesis. Finally I investigated which factors negatively affected the free access to resources for this species. I demonstrated for the first time how livestock and a wild non native ungulate ( Ovis orientalis musimon ) may force chamois to use sub-optimal meadows, negatively affecting the gain of a proper body size during summer due to reduction of feed intake.
Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

AIMS To investigate plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes have been identified in many bacteria within the Enterobactericeae family, they have not been detected in P. aeruginosa isolates. Subjects and Methods : Identification of the isolates and testing of antibiotic susceptibility was performed in Vitek2 Compact (Biomeriux, France) and Phoinex (BD, USA) automated systems. Screening for the qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qnrC, aac (6')-Ib-cr and qepA genes was carried out by PCR amplification and aac (6')-Ib-cr DNA sequencing. RESULTS The qnr and the qepA genes were not detected in any of P. aeruginosa isolates. The aac (6')-Ib gene was detected in six of the isolates and positive isolates for aac (6')-Ib were sequenced for detection of the aac (6')-Ib-cr variant but aac (6')-Ib-cr was not detected in any isolates. CONCLUSIONS Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes have so far not been identified in P. aeruginosa isolates. However, qnrB have detected in P. florescens and P. putida isolates. This is the first study conducted on the qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC genes as well as the qepA and aac (6')-Ib-cr genes in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
Enhancing Handwriting Performance of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) Using Computerized Visual Feedback

Recent studies have analyzed the writing metrics of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) using computerized systems. To date, the use of computerized visual feedback to improve handwriting has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effects of computerized visual feedback on handwriting performance in time, spatial orientation, and pressure indices for children with DCD. Twenty-seven children aged 7 to 12 years with DCD assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire received one weekly intervention session for 8 weeks, during which they twice copied an excerpt onto a tablet. Once, they received visual feedback where the writing color corresponded to the degree of pressure on the writing surface, and once they received no visual feedback. The two conditions were counterbalanced throughout the sessions. Pre-intervention sessions were compared with post-intervention sessions and with new texts for time, spatial orientation, and pressure measures. The findings revealed significantly decreased total and mean letter writing, in-air, and writing time and increased capacity in the visual feedback condition. In the spatial variables, a significant decrease in letter height variance was found. Pressure increased significantly throughout the intervention with visual feedback, whereas it decreased post-test in the writing task in both conditions and was maintained in the new text. Visual feedback intervention can increase the kinesthetic–haptic feedback required to regulate pressure during writing, promoting more efficient feedforward processes and improving output quality and capacity. The training effectiveness was transferable, and the intervention accessibility could increase student autonomy.
THE EFFECT OF ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT DISCLOSURE, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE, AND PROFITABILITY ON THE VALUE OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX FOR THE YEAR 2019-2020

In making investment decisions, of course, investors must pay attention to financial and non-financial aspects. In the financial aspect, of course, it can be seen through the level of company profitability. Meanwhile, in the non-financial aspect, potential investors can use the company's non-financial information such as corporate risk management and corporate social responsibility. This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of financial aspects, namely profitability and also the influence of non-financial aspects, namely corporate risk management and corporate social responsibility on firm value. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019-2020 period as many as 172 companies. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique so that 95 data were obtained from the company's annual report. Analysis using SPSS program with multiple linear regression analysis method. This study provides empirical evidence that the financial aspect, namely profitability, has a positive influence on firm value. Then the non-financial aspect, namely corporate social responsibility, also has a positive influence on firm value, while corporate risk management has no effect on increasing firm value. This study provides information to potential investors that to assess the company can be seen from the financial and non-financial side. This encourages companies to better disclose non-financial information in order to have a positive impact on the company and external parties in need.
Sensor with enhanced performance based on photonic crystal with a defect layer

We propose an improved structure of an optical biosensor based on a photonic crystal with a defect layer, which can detect the concentration of organic contaminants in water by defect mode shift. We investigated 4 types of defective photonic crystals with different arrangements of layers inside the perfect photonic crystals and their impact on the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity and amplitude of defect mode were examined as a function of defect layer thickness. Also, the peculiarities of edge modes in the presence of defect layer were investigated. Finally, we obtained a characteristic equation to determine the wavelengths of defect modes for an arbitrary 1D photonic crystal with an isotropic defect inside.
In vitro Activity of Cefepime/Avibactam Against Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Integrative Metabolomics-Proteomics Approach for Resistance Mechanism: A Single-Center Study

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of combination of cefepime/avibactam against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia (CRKP) and explore the resistance mechanism of FEP/AVI. Patients and Methods This study explored the in vitro antibacterial activities of ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and cefepime/avibactam (FEP/AVI) against 40 and 76 CRKP clinical isolates. Proteomics and metabolomics were employed to investigate the resistance mechanisms of CRKP to FEP/AVI. Results FEP/AVI (MIC50/MIC90 0.5/4-64/4 μg/mL, resistance rate 17.1%) showed better antibacterial activity against CRKP than CAZ/AVI (MIC50/MIC90 4/4-128/4 μg/mL, resistance rate 20%) in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and ribosome. Remarkably, transcriptional and translational activity-related pathways were inhibited in FEP/AVI resistant CRKP. Overlap analysis suggested that H-NS might play an important role in resistance to FEP/AVI in CRKP. The mRNA levels of DEPs-related genes (adhE, gltB, purA, ftsI and hns) showed the same trends as DEPs in FEP/AVI susceptible and resistant strains. FEP/AVI resistant isolates demonstrated stronger biofilm formation capacity than susceptible isolates. Metabolomics results showed that disturbed metabolites were mainly lipids, and adenine was decreased in FEP/AVI resistant CRKP. Conclusion These results indicated that H-NS, GltB and SpoT may directly or indirectly promote biofilm formation of CRKP and led to FEP/AVI resistance, but inhibited ribosomal function. Our study provides a mechanistic insight into the acquisition of resistance to FEP/AVI in Klebsiella pneumoniae.