Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on Effects and Excretion of Phenothiazine when Used as an Anthelmintic for Sheep.

Tests to determine the effects and excretion of phenothiazine and derivatives have been made on young sheep, barren ewes, pregnant ewes, and lactating ewes. Following the development of adequate technical methods, over 80% of the total dose was recovered from the faeces and urine in roughly equal amounts. Observations were made upon the occurrence of the maximum concentrations of total leuco phenothiazone in the blood, urine, and milk. No definite toxic effect has been noted. Further evidence of anthelmintic efficiency of phenothiazine is presented. The bacteriostatic effect of the derivatives in the milk is noted.
Microencapsulation of β-Galactosidase with Fatty Acid Esters

The present study was carried out to find an appropriate coating material to microencapsulate lactase and the conditions under which it could be used. As a coating material, medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) and polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) were superior. Three different percentages of microcapsules (2, 4, and 6%) were added and subdivided into three groups by washing time (0, 1, and 2). The highest efficiency of microencapsulation was found in the ratio of 15:1 as coating to core material with both MCT (94.9%) and PGMS (72.8%). Lactose content was not significantly changed up to 12 d with MCT and up to 8 d with PGMS with 2% of twice washed microcapsule addition. Also, sweetness was not significantly increased in storage compared with that of market milk. The present study provides evidence that emulsifiers can be used as an effective coating material to microencapsulate lactase. In addition, these results suggest that acceptable milk products can be prepared with microencapsulated lactase.
Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Chinese Soft Wheat Flours and Their Relationships with Cookie‐Making Quality

ABSTRACT The relationship of solvent retention capacity (SRC) values with four solvents, alveograph and farinograph properties, and cookie-baking performance was evaluated with 20 Chinese soft wheat genotypes, including four cultivars and 16 advanced lines grown in the 2009–2010 season. Significant positive correlations were observed between water SRC (WSRC), sodium carbonate SRC (SOSRC), lactic acid SRC, and sucrose SRC (SUSRC) values. WSRC, SUSRC, and SOSRC showed significant positive correlations with farinograph water absorption (WA), alveograph P (tenacity), and P/L (ratio of tenacity to extensibility). Cookie diameter was significantly correlated with wet gluten (r = –0.491, P < 0.05), WSRC (r = –0.882, P < 0.001), SUSRC (r = –0.620, P < 0.01), SOSRC (r = –0.712, P < 0.001), P (r = –0.787, P < 0.001), L (r = 0.616, P < 0.01), P/L (r = –0.766, P < 0.001) and WA (r = –0.620, P < 0.01), respectively. SRC values were effective predictors of cookie quality in Chinese soft wheat. Alveograph parameters wer.
Avaliação dos níveis de vibração vertical no assento de um trator agrícola de pneus utilizando um sistema de aquisição automática de dados

A study was carried out at the Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratingueta - FEG-UNESP, SP, in the acoustic and vibration laboratory as well as in an experimental area, to: a) determine the levels of vertical vibration in both the seat and seat base of an agricultural tire tractor under operation (harrowing) at different forward speeds; b) characterize the frequency range presenting the highest vertical vibration peaks in the tractor operator seat; c) analyze ride comfort for tractor operators by comparing the actual level of vibration with that of the main effective norms. The data acquisition system consisted of some vibration sensors, conditioners, amplifiers, and a digital-analogical converter plugged to a microcomputer and connected to the tested tractor. Later, the data were treated by the program ORIGIN 50. Based on the results, it was concluded that the acceleration levels obtained at the upper part of the seat were much lower than those in the seat base at the three operational speeds, whereas the third gear presented the highest vibration levels; the frequency range from 2 to 4 Hz presented the highest peaks of vertical vibration; the values of the total weighted acceleration were found to be much above the limits determined by the norm ISO 2631 for an 8-working hour period; the vibration levels increased as the forward speed of the tractor-implement system increased.
Comparison of certified and farm-saved seed on yield and quality characteristics of canola.

Relatively high seed prices and low canola (Brassica napus L.) grain prices created a controversy over using farm-saved seed from hybrids. Agronomic implications of saving seed from a canola crop were investigated by planting certified seed and saved-seed of an open-pollinated and a hybrid canola cultivar at eight site-years in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. In one series of experiments cultivars and seed rates were compared, while in another experiment seed treatments and use of sized seed were investigated. Results tend to agree with similar studies with other crops where agronomic performance was unaffected when farm-saved seed from open-pollinated crops was used, but declined when this practice was used with hybrid cultivars. Using farm-saved seed from hybrid canola (HY-FSS) compared with hybrid certified seed (HYC) reduced plant population density by 16 to 18% at the time of crop maturity and yield by an average of 12%, delayed maturity by 2 d, reduced seed oil content by 5 g kg -1 , and resulted in a small increase in incidence of green seed. Yield and quality loss associated with using HY-FSS could not be recovered by using increased seeding rates or by sizing and planting only large seed. The inability to use the most effective combined insecticide plus fungicide seed protectant treatments with farm-saved seed resulted in a 20% yield loss compared with treated certified hybrid seed. Our study demonstrates the production risks of growing HY-FSS on plant density, yield, maturity, and seed oil content.
Carbon sequestration potential in European croplands has been overestimated

Yearly, per‐area carbon sequestration rates are used to estimate mitigation potentials by comparing types and areas of land management in 1990 and 2000 and projected to 2010, for the European Union (EU)‐15 and for four country‐level case studies for which data are available: UK, Sweden, Belgium and Finland. Because cropland area is decreasing in these countries (except for Belgium), and in most European countries there are no incentives in place to encourage soil carbon sequestration, carbon sequestration between 1990 and 2000 was small or negative in the EU‐15 and all case study countries. Belgium has a slightly higher estimate for carbon sequestration than the other countries examined. This is at odds with previous reports of decreasing soil organic carbon stocks in Flanders. For all countries except Belgium, carbon sequestration is predicted to be negligible or negative by 2010, based on extrapolated trends, and is small even in Belgium. The only trend in agriculture that may be enhancing carbon stocks on croplands at present is organic farming, and the magnitude of this effect is highly uncertain.
Effect of Mineral and Bio-Nitrogen Fertilization on Maize (Zea mays L.), some Soil Properties and Subsequent Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Yield

Two field experiments were conducted at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Damietta Governorate through summer season 2013 and winter season 2013-2014 at the same location. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of N bio-fertilization (Cyanobacteria and Cerealen) and mineral nitrogen applications (70, 140, 210 and 280 kg N ha) on growth and nutrients uptake of the maize crop, and to study the residual of N bio fertilization on the subsequent crop (wheat) with mineral nitrogen rates (0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N ha). The results showed that Cyanobacteria inoculation + 280 kg N ha gave high maize plant height, maize yield and yield components as well as nutrients content and photosynthetic pigments in maize leaves. Also, the results indicated that the element N at a rate of 280 kg N ha with Cerealen and Cyanobacteria can increase the maize grain yield by 4.14 to 19.25% and the maize stover yield by 6.89 to 16.98%. Moreover, applying N bio-fertilizers could produce high maize grain yield when it combined with two third doses of the recommend mineral nitrogen (210 kg N ha). Also, there was a residual effect from N-bio fertilizations applied to maize crop on the subsequent crop (wheat). The residual effect of Cyanobacteria inoculation on yield achieved the highest yield followed by the residual effect of Cerealen inoculations, respectively. Also, the results showed that wheat was fertilized at a rate of 140 kg N ha after maize cultivation inoculated with Cyanobacteria produced more wheat grain and straw yield than that fertilized with 210 kg N ha, thus saving 70 kg N ha with a healthy and high production. Concerning to soil properties after maize harvest, Cyanobacteria surpassed Cerealen inoculations in improving soil properties, since available NPK and organic matter content had increased while soil pH in the root zone was decreased by using Cyanobacteria and Cerealen inoculations.
The Airborne Transmission of Infection in Hospital Buildings: Fact or Fiction?

Airborne transmission is known to be the route of infection for diseases such as tuberculosis and aspergillosis. It has also been implicated in nosocomial outbreaks of MRSA, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Despite this there is much scepticism about the role that airborne transmission plays in nosocomial outbreaks. This paper investigates the airborne spread of infection in hospital buildings, and evaluates the extent to which it is a problem. It is concluded that although contact-spread is the principle route of transmission for most infections, the contribution of airborne micro-organisms to the spread of infection is likely to be greater than is currently recognised. This is partly because many airborne micro-organisms remain viable while being non-culturable, with the result that they are not detected, and also because some infections arising from contact transmission involve the airborne transportation of micro-organisms onto inanimate surfaces.
Milk yield traits of Brown cows reared at Malya state farm and effects of some environmental factors on these traits.

Bu calisma, Malya Tarim Isletmesi’nde yetistirilen Esmer irki ineklerin sut verim ozellikleri ve bu verimlere bazi cevresel faktorlerin (buzagilama yili, buzagilama mevsimi ve buzagilama yasi) etkilerini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Laktasyon suresi, laktasyon sut verimi, 305 gunluk sut verimi ve kuru doneme ait en kucuk kareler ortalamalari sirasiyla 312.02±0.98 gun, 5811.28±26.31 kg, 5525.92±22.35 kg ve 76.82±0.63 gun olarak bulunmustur. Laktasyon ve 305 gunluk sut verimleri uzerine tum cevresel faktorlerin etkisi istatistiksel olarak onemli bulunmustur (P<0.001). Benzer sekilde, laktasyon suresi uzerine buzagilama mevsimi, buzagilama yasi ve buzagilama yilinin etkisi (P<0.001-P<0.05) ve kuru donem uzerine buzagilama yili ve yasinin etkisi onemli bulunmustur (P<0.001). Bu arastirmada sonunda, Turkiye’nin karasal iklim sartlarina sahip bolgesinde bulunan Malya Tarim Isletmesi’ndeki Esmer irki ineklerin, basarili sekilde yetistirildikleri ve sut verim ozellikleri bakimindan oldukca iyi seviyede olduklari kanaatine varilmistir.
Use of sodium bicarbonate, offered free choice or blended into the ration, to reduce the risk of ruminal acidosis in cattle

A study was conducted to determine whether feeding sodium bicarbonate (SB) reduces the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle fed high concentrate feedlot finishing diets. The experiment was conducted as a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with two squares and 2-wk periods. Three mature, non-lactating Holstein cows were allocated to square 1 and three mature Jersey steers were allocated to square 2. The cattle were ruminally cannulated and gradually adapted to a high concentrate diet before starting the experiment. The basal diet contained approximately 80% stream-rolled barley, on a dry matter (DM) basis, and was offered for ad libitum intake. Treatments were: control (no SB), control diet with cattle given free choice access to a SB mixture consisting of 70% SB and 30% dried molasses (free choice SB), and control diet supplemented with SB (7 g SB kg-1 DM; mixed SB). Ruminal pH was measured at the end of each 14-d period for 3 continuous days using an indwelling pH system. Dry matter intake (DMI).
Antibacterial Resistance Profile and PCR Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Salmonella serovars Isolated from Blood Samples of Hospitalized Subjects in Kano, North-West, Nigeria

Aim: The aims of the study were to determine the antibacterial resistance profile and detect the presence of antibacterial resistance genes of Salmonella isolates recovered from the blood samples of hospitalized subjects in Kano metropolis. Study Design: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: One milliliter of venous blood was collected from each patient with some or all clinical features of salmonellosis that sign a consent form and transfer into EDTA bottles. If daily is unavoidable blood samples were stored at 4°C. Samples were analyzed at the both Laboratories of the authors. This work was carried out between May, 2011 and March, 2013. Methodology: The blood specimens were cultured in thioglycollate broth and sub-cultured onto
Population status and trend of the Critically Endangered Montserrat Oriole

Summary Many island endemics are of great conservation concern due to small range and population sizes. The Montserrat Oriole Icterus oberi is a forest passerine endemic to the Caribbean island of Montserrat, where recent volcanic activity has destroyed a large proportion of suitable forest habitat. From 1997 to 2000 the Montserrat Oriole population declined dramatically even in the remaining forest habitat, leading to its classification as ‘Critically Endangered’. We present trend estimates of the Montserrat Oriole population from 2000 to 2013, and estimate the world population size in 2012 based on repeat point counts and beta-binomial mixture models. Montserrat Orioles recovered between 2003 and 2005, and we found no evidence for a continuing population decline. However, there was large uncertainty around trend estimates, and the power to detect a shallow negative trend was very low. Based on the comparison of count data at 42 points, the Montserrat Oriole population in 2013 was less than half as large as in 1998. To improve future trend estimates a new monitoring design was introduced in 2011, and applied to all subpopulations of the species in 2012. The world population in 2012 was estimated to hold between 307 (95% credible interval 212–503) and 690 birds (476–1131) birds in the two forest fragments on Montserrat, depending on whether the sampling area around each point count was assumed to encompass 100 m or 150 m. Based on these estimates, the Montserrat Oriole currently does not meet the IUCN criteria for ‘Critically Endangered’, and we recommend a revision of the species’ conservation status.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated to Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa: Toxoplasmatidae) in Pet Dogs From Hamadan, West of Iran, 2016

BackgroundNeosporosis is considered as a ubiquitous disease in Iran and other countries. This research was expected to determine the prevalence and related risk factors of Neospora caninum in household dogs in Hamadan Municipality, Iran.MethodsA total of 184 whole blood was evaluated for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All seropositive animals were affirmed by molecular techniques.ResultsBased on serology and molecular methods, N. caninum infection was detected in 4.9% (95% CI = 4.9 ± 3.1%) of animals. In addition, the highest infection rate was significantly recognized in female dogs (57.1%) with under 6 months old (54.4%). Additionally, the clinical signs of neosporosis were observed in 2 out of 4 positive dogs (P 0.05) with breeding, food regime, housing, and direct contact with infected animals.ConclusionsIn general, the serological and molecular outcomes were parallel together. It was concluded that this is a universal assessment of risk factors related to N. caninum in Iranian house dogs for the first time.
On the Distribution and Continuous Expansion of the Japanese Seaweed - Sargassum muticum - in Sweden

Abstract The brown alga Sargassum muticum has been found attached in Sweden since 1987. This paper reports the distribution in Swedish waters based on 2 major surveys in 1993 and in 1996. Attached population were found along the entire eastern Skagerrak coast, and as far south as to the middle part of the eastern Kattegat coastline. The number of populations and population size decrease when going south, although the differences had dimished between 1993 and 1996. However, the number of new sites, as well as population numbers still increase. Areas with continuous populations can now be found along the NE Skagerrak coast, and isolated localities may also be found in the inner parts of the archipelagoes. No morphological differences were seen between plants from the more saline Skagerrak and the more brackish Kattegat. The maximum plant length recorded was 4.2 m. Sargassum muticum has definitely become a permanent member of the Swedish algal flora. Although the expansion into the Baltic is slow, it is most likely that, given time, the species will colonize suitable habitats in the entire Kattegat. The possibility of further expansion into the Baltic proper, with its low biodiversity, remains a subject for speculation.
Relative Productivity, Profitability and NPK Removal from Soil by Some Rice-Based Cropping Systems

ABSTRACT Rice-wheat cropping systems occupy about 21 million ha in Asia and are the most important in terms of self-sufficiency in food on that continent. A three-year field study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute showed that rice-wheat cropping systems produced 8.6t ha−1y−1 of grain as compared to 4.9 to 5.4 for rice-lentil, rice-rapeseed and rice-chickpea cropping systems. Despite higher prices for the grains of lentil, chickpea and rapeseed, rice-wheat cropping systems were more profitable and therefore preferred by the farmers. However, removal of primary plant nutrients (NPK) by rice-wheat cropping system was 502 kg ha−1y−1 (209 kg N,45 kg P and 248 kg K) as compared to 236–352 kg ha−1y−1 (112–183 kg N, 20 kg P and 131–145 kg K) by the other 3 rice-based cropping systems studied. Therefore, continuous NPK fertilization is essential for sustained productivity.
REAL-TIME LICENSE PLATE DETECTION BASED ON VEHICLE REGION AND TEXT DETECTION

This paper presents a new approach for real-time license plate detection based on vehicle and text regions. Firstly, vehicle regions are extracted by single shot multibox detector (SSD) framework. Secondly, multi-channel maximally stable extremal regions (MSER) algorithm is used to generate character candidates in the vehicle regions. Using properties of vehicle regions, this paper filters out false character candidates and then constructs license plate candidates with remaining character candidates. Then, false license plate candidates are eliminated by exploiting the correlation between dimension of vehicle and license plate. Finally, remaining license plate candidates are passed to a word/no-word classifier to keep the final license plate. To run in real time on embedded systems, this paper chooses the MobileNets architecture for deep CNN configurations. Experimental results on the public test dataset and new collected dataset show that the proposed approach can apply to different types of license plates with better performance than current state-of-the-art methods.
The Impact of Technology Acceptance Model on the Use of Information and Communication Technology in Training

Purpose: This study examined the impact of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for training. The purposes of the research were to: ascertain the trainees and instructors perceived usefulness of ICT in training, ascertain perceived ease of use of available ICT facilities for training as well as examined attitude of trainees and instructors toward using, and actual user behavior. Salient issues were considered on the impact of TAM in the use of ICT for training Design/Methodology & Approach: The methodology adopted was a contextual analysis that involved the review of materials ranging from publications, textbooks, and the relevant internet sources. Implication: The ignorance of the TAM dependent variables by training institutions to infuse the use of ICT in training would not enhance training outcomes and would result in wastage of scarce resources. Originality/Value: This paper concluded that the application of the Technology Acceptance Model in the use of ICT in training, would impact positively on training outcomes which are effectiveness, efficiency and optimal productivity.
Small Business Owners’ Perceptions and Experience of Regulation

The view that excessive regulation constrains small business survival and growth has been a persistent theme within business and policy communities, despite the lack of a strong evidential base. Attention has focused on the disproportionate effect of legislation on small businesses, although recent studies have demonstrated that the actual effects of legislation are often relatively modest. This study extends previous work by contrasting small business owners’ perceptions of the general regulatory regime with the actual effects of workplace regulation. Drawing from a large scale survey of small business owners in the UK, results demonstrate high levels of perceived dissatisfaction with the general regulatory regime. Dissatisfaction is not uniformly distributed across the small firms sector, but is mediated by sector, size and business age. Despite perceived dissatisfaction with the general regulatory regime, very few businesses report that they have been affected by recent employment legislation. Larger businesses were more likely than smaller businesses to report negative legislative effects. Moreover, regulatory demands appear to interact with competitive conditions, exacerbating their effect within intensely competitive sectors.
Demographic Studies of the Annual Kelps Nereocystis luetkeana and Costaria costata (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) in Puget Sound, Washington

Demographic studies of subtidal algae, particularly annuals, are rare. For a period of 16 months, we documented recruitment, growth, reproduction and mortality of the sporophytes of the canopy-forming kelp Nereocystis luetkeana and the understory kelp Costaria costata, and monitored the densities of three other brown seaweeds, in a subtidal community in the southern Puget Sound. The study site, located on the west side of the Tacoma Narrows, Washington (47°15'N, 122°33f W), is a shallow, estuarian environment with a mixed sand and cobble substrate that is exposed to swift tidally generated currents. Juvenile Nereocystis and Costaria were first observed in early March 1993 and 1994 and continued to appear until mid-June in 1993. Patterns of growth, reproduction and survivorship in Nereocystis and Costaria are distinctly different. Nereocystis stipe growth rates peaked (~ 5 cm/day) at the end of June and then declined, while relative blade growth rates increased (to 6 cm/day) after the period of maximum stipe elongation. Relative blade growth in Costaria declined from ~ 2 cm/day in late May until growth ceased in mid-August. Reproductive Nereocystis plants were first observed in early May; 85% of the population was fertile by early July. Reproductive Costaria plants were first observed on 22 June; 83% were fertile by early August. Both Nereocystis and Costaria were strict annuals at this site.