Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERIODICITY MODULO m AND DIVISIBILITY PROPERTIES OF THE PARTITION FUNCTION(

has infinitely many solutions in non-negative integers n. This conjecture seems difficult and I have only scattered results. In ? 2 of this paper it will be shown that the conjecture is true for m= 5 and 13 by means of congruences derived from the elliptic modular functions, and similar theorems will be proved; for example that p(5n+4)/5 and p(7n+5)/7 fill all residue classes modulo 5 and 7 respectively, infinitely often. In ? 1 it will be shown in an elementary way that the conjecture is also true for m=2. Thus p(n) is odd infinitely often and even infinitely often. In ? 1 we will also consider the question of the periodicity of a sequence modulo m in some generality.
Simulation of Surface Fluxes and Boundary Layer Development over the Pine Forest in HAPEX-MOBILHY

Abstract The interaction of the atmospheric boundary layer with the heterogeneous pine forest in HAPEX-MOBILHY on a scale of order 10 km is studied. A state-of-the-art, coupled atmosphere-soil-vegetation model is used and is run for 16 June 1986 in a stand-alone mode using prescribed dynamics. Published values for the effective roughness lengths of heat and momentum from different origins are used to show the impact on the surface fluxes and the boundary layer development. The modal simulations indicate that the coupled atmosphere-vegetation system is rather sensitive to the value for the roughness length of heat. This affects in particular the sensible heat flux and, as a consequence, the boundary layer height and profiles of mean quantities in the boundary layer. The model results are compared with observations made at a forest town, with radiosonde profiles, and with aircraft data. The best overall agreement for the boundary layer quantities is obtained by using a roughness length of heat that is three.
Teacher Professionalism and Professional Development Practices in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

This study investigates teachers’ professionalism and professional development practices which still have lowerquality based on the law and do not produce an improved performance yet in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Thisinvestigation focuses on teachers’ behavior-attitude, pedagogic skills, and diversity learning activities througheffective professional development as commitment to do continuous improvement. The supporting factors and theconstraints of being professional teacher are also identified. The design of this study employs exploratory mixedmethod design with triangulation approach. Simple random sampling is occupied in choosing 331 samples out of2367 population to answer the questionnaires. While twelve teachers were selected using purposive sampling forinterview and observation. The t-test and Anova analysis show that gender has significant different inbehavior-attitude practice, while education professional qualification is significant on both behavior-attitude andteachers’ learning activities. The qualitative findings show the need to display exemplary behavior-attitude, strengthteaching skill, knowledge and beliefs through diversity learning activities in effective professional development.Teacher professional development needs supporting on policy, moral, infrastructure, and financial that can leadteachers to be professional. This study has provided a model of teacher professional development as an input forimproving the quality practice of teacher professionalism and professional development in Indonesia, particularly inSouth Sulawesi province.
Barrier inhomogeneity and electrical properties of Pt∕GaN Schottky contacts

The temperature dependence of the electrical properties of Pt∕GaN Schottky barrier was studied. In particular, a Schottky barrier height of 0.96eV and an ideality factor of 1.16 were found after a postdeposition annealing at 400°C. Nanoscale electrical characterization was carried out by the conductive biased tip of an atomic force microscope both on the bare GaN surface and on the Pt∕GaN contacts. The presence of a lateral inhomogeneity of the Schottky barrier, with a Gaussian distribution of the barrier height values, was demonstrated. Moreover, GaN surface defects were demonstrated to act as local preferential paths for the current conduction. The temperature dependent electrical characteristics of the diodes were discussed in terms of the existing models on inhomogeneous barriers and correlated to the nanoscale electrical characterization of the barrier. In this way, the anomalous electrical behavior of the ideality factor and of the Schottky barrier and the low experimental value of the Richardson’s .
Guided modes in negative-refractive-index fibres

We consider propagation of electromagnetic waves in a circular fibre with a core of negative-refractive-index metamaterial. We study the fast and slow guided modes of a dispersive fibre and the mode properties depending on the fibre parameters. We show the peculiar mode properties of a fibre with simultaneously negative dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability of the core: the perfect phase matching of the TE and TM slow modes, sign-varying energy flux, and the existence of TEM modes.
Temperature dependent optical properties of silver from spectroscopic ellipsometry and density functional theory calculations

A detailed analysis of temperature dependence of optical constants of silver thin film measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the energy range 1.4 to 5 eV for temperatures ranging from 300 K to 650 K in steps of 50 K is presented in this paper. A microstructure modeling based on Bruggeman effective medium approximation is carried out on the temperature dependent optical constants. A red shift of ∼300 meV accompanied by a broadening of the interband transition is observed and an additional weak absorption edge emerges from the lower energy side of main interband absorption transition at 550 K. Drude model is applied to perform the analysis of dielectric function in the low energy region. The energy loss function −Im(1/e) shows large damping with increasing temperature and this is a consequence of increasing magnitude of e2 resulting from the composite transition in the region where e1 is very small. These experimental results are corroborated with first principles electronic structure calculations using.
Ab initio calculations of elastic properties of compressed Pt

First-principles calculations of the equation of state and single-crystal elastic constants of platinum have been carried out to 650GPa using density-functional theory (DFT). The present equation of state deduced at 300K agrees very well with the earlier computational results. The zero-pressure bulk modulus and its pressure derivative obtained in this study are in better agreement with the measured values than those from the earlier calculations. A comparison of the electronic energies indicates that the face-centered-cubic phase is more stable than the hexagonal-close-packed and body-centered-cubic phases up to at least 650GPa . The values of the zero-pressure single-crystal elastic constants are also close to the experimental values. We also present the high-pressure electronic and vibrational densities of states, as well as the thermal contributions to the free energy.
High gain observer based on a triangular structure

A high gain observer based on a triangular structure of nonlinear systems is proposed. An algorithm capable of calculating a gain of the observer is given. This observer synthesis is then extended to a class of multi‐output nonlinear systems which contains the model of binary distillation columns. Finally, we illustrate the performance of the estimator using numerical simulations of a methanol–ethanol distillation column. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The perception of metrical structure: Experimental evidence and a new model

This paper presents experimental results which are in conflict with existing theories of metrical interpretation [H. C. Longuet‐Higgins and C. S. Lee, Perception 11, 115–128 (1989); H. C. Longuet‐Higgins and C. S. Lee, Music Perception 1, 424–441 (1984); F. Lerdahl and R. Jackendoff, A Generative Theory of Tonal Music (MIT, Cambridge, MA, 1983); D. J. Povel and P. Essens, Music Perception 2, 411–440 (1985)] and a new model, based on the algorithm in Longuet‐Higgins and Lee (1982), which accounts for the main features of these results. Musically sophisticated subjects listened to sequences of identical tones in various rhythmic arrangements and transcribed them using standard musical notation. The results disconfirmed key predictions of all four theories, in that subjects displayed a general reluctance to choose interpretations containing an upbeat. However, the results did show that subjects were more prepared to avoid syncopated interpretations than those in which long notes occurred on weak beats. These.
Foliar feeding of boron influencing biochemical attributes and enzyme activity in dragon fruit (Selenicereus monacanthus)

Boron plays crucial role in metabolic processes during fruit ripening and in turn ensures better fruit quality. However limited studies have been conducted to assess the influence of boron on fruit quality of dragon fruit. In the present study, the efficacy of boron was investigated on red-fleshed dragon fruit (Selenicereus monacanthus). Four levels of boron (100 mgL-1, 200 mgL-1, 300 mgL-1 and 400 mgL-1) were applied on 7- and 14-day-old flower buds. The highest pollen germinability, seed weight, fruit weight (274.32 ± 36.72g), pulp content (70.80 ± 1.79%) and pulp firmness (2.74 ± 0.18 N) were recorded when B was applied@300 mg L-1 on 7-day old flower bud. The same treatment also manifested higher soluble solid contents (17.42 ± 0.62 °Brix), sugar content, total carbohydrate (15.92 ± 1.12%), protein (1.33±0.11%), ascorbic acid (112.66 ± 4.98 µg/g), betacyanin (32.86±2.52 µg/g), total phenol (95.26 ± 3.72 µg GAE/ 100g), total flavonoid (37.65 ±2.14 mg QE/100g) and anti-oxidative activity (27.71±2.14 mM Fe II/100g). Correlation studies elucidated significant positive influence of pollen germinability on fruit weight, pulp content and pulp firmness. The activities of α-amylase, invertase and sucrose synthase enzymes were significantly upregulated with the application of B 300 mg L-1 on 7-day old flower bud. On the other hand, the activities of cell wall degrading enzymes such as cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase were reduced with increasing levels of boron. The principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated the maximal proximity of most of the quality attributes with B 300 mgL-1, applied at 7-day old flower bud stage, thus exemplifying it as the best treatment.
Evolution of Physicochemical Properties and Phenolic Maturity of Vilana, Vidiano, Kotsifali and Mandilari Wine Grape Cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) during Ripening

Determining the optimum harvest time is a significant factor affecting the quality of the grapes and the wine. Monitoring the evolution of grapes’ physicochemical properties and phenolic maturity during ripening could be a valuable tool for determining the optimum harvest time. In this study, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, flavonols, flavanols, anthocyanins and resveratrol content were determined during the last weeks of ripening for the white cultivars Vilana and Vidiano, as well as for the red cultivars Kotsifali and Mandilari (Vitis vinifera L.). According to the results, an early harvest for the white cultivars and a late harvest for the red cultivars may increase the total phenolics and trans-resveratrol content in grapes and wine. An early harvest would be desirable to maintain high flavanols content and high levels of antioxidant activity in the grapes’ skin and seeds. Conversely, a late harvest for the red cultivars may be desirable to increase the total flavonols and anthocyanin content in grapes and wines.
Evolution of linear gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations inside a Kerr black hole

We analyze the evolution of linear gravitational $(s=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)$ and electromagnetic $(s=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)$ perturbations inside a Kerr black hole, within the framework of the Newman-Penrose formalism. In particular, we derive explicit expressions for the asymptotic behavior of the perturbations at the early portion of the Cauchy horizon (CH). The calculation is carried out in the time domain, using late-time expansion. The initial data are the presumed inverse-power tails at the event horizon. We find that the ``outgoing'' fields $sl0$ are regular (though nonvanishing) at the CH. However, the ``ingoing'' fields $sg0$ diverge at the CH-like $(r\ensuremath{-}{r}_{\ensuremath{-}}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}s},$ where r is the radial Boyer-Lindquist coordinate and ${r}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ is its value at the CH. This divergent term is multiplied by an inverse power of the ingoing Eddington coordinate $v. $ For nonaxially symmetric modes $(m\ensuremath{\ne}0),$ the divergence of the $sg0$ fields is also modulated by an oscillatory term ${e}^{\mathrm{im}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ensuremath{-}}v},$ where ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ is a fixed parameter and m is the magnetic number of the mode under consideration. This term exhibits an infinite number of oscillations on the approach to the CH. We also find that the nonaxially symmetric modes diverge faster than the axially symmetric ones. Based on the result of a previous nonlinear perturbation expansion, which showed that the nonlinear perturbation terms are negligible at the CH compared to the linear ones, we argue that the linear gravitational perturbations calculated here correctly describe the strength and features of the curvature singularity at the CH (to the leading order in $1/v$ and $1/u). $
A Quality-of-Experience-Aware Framework for Versatile Video Coding-Based Video Transmission

Multimedia applications have expanded and resulted in huge demands for high resolution videos in order to enhance the end user Quality of Experience (QoE). Therefore, QoE becomes a critical factor that is often addressed in design considerations of Consumer Electronics (CE) devices. Furthermore, error prone transmission conditions can influence the QoE, potentially degrading the end-user multimedia experience. Although video coding standards such as Versatile Video Coding (VVC) take potential mitigation measures to improve the bandwidth reductions, it fails to address other significant network Quality of Service (QoS) parameters that impact transmission based QoE such as transmission delay and Packet Loss Rate (PLR) in the encoding processes. In response, this paper first derives a relationship between QoE that addresses the network QoS parameters and VVC dependent parameters. Subsequently, the derived QoE model is used with the VVC encoding process to adaptively optimize Lagrange parameters as well as the quantization parameter. Extensive experiments report significant improvements to VVC Test Model (VTM) 7.0, achieving superior QoE gains over the state-of-the-art research and up to 3.41% over the anchor implementations.
The history of calcite diagenesis and origin of exceptionally negative oxygen isotope values in chalks of the Niobrara Formation, Denver Basin, USA

The Niobrara Formation of north‐east Colorado, USA, has anomalously negative δ18O values compared to all other Cretaceous chalks. These unique δ18O values have been attributed to elevated heat flow and/or freshening of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. This work utilises clumped isotopes of calcite (Δ47), peak burial temperatures estimated from pyrolysis data, and strontium and neodymium isotopes of carbonate to re‐evaluate the origin of the calcite's 18O‐depletion. Peak temperatures indicate lateral variability in geothermal gradients of ca 20°C/km at the tens of kilometre scale, and corroborate prior studies proposing locally elevated palaeotemperatures. Greater insight is provided by numerical models of calcite recrystallisation and oxygen isotope evolution that are constrained by measured Δ47‐derived temperatures, calcite δ18O values and inferences from the 87Sr/86Sr and εNd values. The models indicate that (1) sea water in the seaway had normal marine δ18O values of −1 (VSMOW) except on the eastern margin of the basin where some freshwater dilution yielded −2 to −3‰ (VSMOW) water, and (2) the main driver of the anonymously negative calcite δ18O values was a semi‐open hydrologic system that provided a few percent by pore volume of meteoric groundwater derived from post‐Laramide recharge into the basin. Minor contributions were a Laramide‐aged heat pulse related to the underlying Colorado Mineral Belt, the thermal insulating effects of now eroded coals, and a small flux of compaction‐driven Cretaceous sea water evolved by smectite dehydration. However, those three factors alone were insufficient drivers of the calcites' 18O depletion. High burial temperatures are interpreted to have caused clumped isotope reordering in at least one well, but those temperatures cannot yield the observed calcite δ18O values. The study illustrates the unique attributes of the Niobrara's diagenetic system that results in its anomalous δ18O values, and reaffirms the value of clumped isotopes in unravelling the diagenetic history of chalk systems.
Cluster analysis algorithms for data reduction and classification of objects

In this age of modern era, the use of internet must be maximized. Yeah, internet will help us very much not only for important thing but also for daily activities. Many people now, from any level can use internet. The sources of internet connection can also be enjoyed in many places. As one of the benefits is to get the on-line cluster analysis algorithms for data reduction and classification of objects book, as the world window, as many people suggest.
A Comparative Transcriptomic with UPLC-Q-Exactive MS Reveals Differences in Gene Expression and Components of Iridoid Biosynthesis in Various Parts of Gentiana macrophylla

Gentiana macrophylla Pall. (G. macrophylla)—a member of the family Gentianaceae—is a well-known traditional Chinese medical herb. Iridoids are the main active components of G. macrophylla, which has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as dispelling wind, eliminating dampness, clearing heat and asthenic fever, hepatoprotective and choleretic actions, and other medicinal effects. In this study, a total of 67,048 unigenes were obtained by transcriptomic sequencing analysis of G. macrophylla. A BLAST analysis showed that 48.21%, 33.66%, 46.32%, and 32.62% of unigenes were identified in the NR, Swiss-Prot, eggNOG, and KEGG databases, respectively. Twenty-five key enzymes were identified in the iridoid biosynthesis pathway. Most of the upregulated unigenes were enriched in flowers and leaves. The trustworthiness of the transcriptomic data was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). A total of 22 chemical constituents were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive MS), including 10 iridoids. A correlation analysis showed that the expression of 7-DLH and SLS was closely related to iridoids. The expression of 7-DLH and SLS was higher in flowers, indicating that flowers are important for iridoid biosynthesis in G. macrophylla.
Evaluation of a Complex Intervention to Strengthen Participation-Centred Care for Children with Special Healthcare Needs: Protocol of the Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomised PART-CHILD Trial

Introduction: Participation is an important dimension of healthy child development and is associated with higher self-rated health, educational attainment and civic engagement. Many children with special healthcare needs (SHCN) experience limited participation and are thus at risk for adverse health and developmental outcomes. Despite this, interventions that promote participation in healthcare are scarce. We therefore evaluate the effectiveness of a complex age- and condition-generic intervention that strengthens participation-centred care involving parents and their children with SHCN by, inter alia, assessing preferences, specifying participation goals and facilitating shared decision-making in care. Methods and analysis: In this study protocol we describe the design and procedures for an unblinded, stepped wedge, cluster randomised trial conducted in 15 German interdisciplinary healthcare facilities providing services for children aged 0–18 years with SHCN. Sites are randomised to five periods in which they switch from control to intervention condition in blocks of three. The intervention includes: (1) team training focused on participation-centred care, (2) introduction of a new software facilitating participation-focused documentation and (3) implementation support promoting the transfer of training content into routine care. Study sites deliver routine care while in the control condition. As primary outcome, the degree of perceived shared decision-making with parents (CollaboRATEpediatric parent scale), a potential antecedent of achieving participation goals in everyday life, is assessed on one randomly selected day per week during the entire study period, directly following care appointments. We aim to sample 70 parents per study site and period. Additionally, participation of children is assessed within a closed embedded cohort with three parent and patient surveys. Intervention effectiveness will be modelled with a marginal model for correlated binary outcomes using generalised estimation equations and complete cases. A comprehensive mixed-methods process evaluation complements the effectiveness analyses.
Principal component analysis of compositional data

SUMMARY Compositional data, consisting of vectors of proportions, have proved difficult to handle statistically because of the awkward constraint that the components of each vector must sum to unity. Moreover such data sets frequently display marked curvature so that linear techniques such as standard principal component analysis are likely to prove inadequate. From a critical reexamination of previous approaches we evolve, through adaptation of recently introduced transformation techniques for compositional data analysis, a log linear contrast form of principal component analysis and illustrate its advantages in applications.
Minimally Invasive High-Resolution Investigation of Site Form and Disturbance at Rat Island (AhGx-7), Cootes Paradise, Ontario

ABSTRACT This paper presents a reinvestigation of archaeological material at Rat Island (AhGx-7), a proposed Princess Point period site in Cootes Paradise, Ontario, Canada. Applying a minimally invasive coring and augering strategy paired with soil properties and high-resolution multi-element chemical evaluation, we established that a low rise on the landscape, previously attributed to Princess Point or Woodland period occupation, is instead associated with the a.d. 1830s construction of the Desjardins Canal. Comparing the distribution of anthropogenically associated chemicals across Rat Island, our results suggest that the portion of the Island impacted by canal construction likely contained the most intense evidence for human occupation. Furthermore, the distributions of chemicals across undisturbed portions of Rat Island fail to support previously postulated settlement patterning models, suggesting instead a location of variable and potentially ephemeral occupation. This study establishes the utility of core and auger sampling and Itrax™ multi-element analysis when seeking to understand site formation, presenting an alternative to more time-consuming excavation strategies.