Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalenceof IntestinalParasitic Infections andAssociatedWater, Sanitation, and Hygiene Risk Factors among School Children in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kirinyaga County, Kenya

School children bear a significant burden of intestinal parasitic infections. Because they spend most of their time at home and school, it is necessary to identify the key water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) factors associated with these infections in both environments. +is was a cross-sectional survey conducted in Mwea West, Kirinyaga County. 180 primary school children aged 8–14 years were randomly selected from three schools (Mianya, Mbui Njeru, and Mukou primary schools). Questionnaires and checklists were administered and single stool samples were collected. Stool samples were microscopically examined for Schistosoma mansoni, soil-transmitted helminths, and protozoan infections. Data on WASH were obtained at home and school. +e factors significantly associated with S. mansoni and intestinal protozoa infections in the school children were determined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models reporting the odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals. +e overall prevalence of S. mansoni and intestinal protozoa infections was 70.5% (95% CI: 59.1–84.3) and 32.7% (95% CI: 26.8–40.1), respectively. Only one case of STH (A. lumbricoides) was identified. +e prevalence of coinfections of S. mansoni and intestinal protozoa infections was 22.8% (95% CI: 19.2–27.1). An increased prevalence of S. mansoni infection was associated with children above 12 years (aOR� 3.19, p � 0.015), those in Mianya primary (aOR� 1.23, p � 0.001), those in Mukou primary (aOR� 3.19, p � 0.001), and reported behavior of wearing shoes at home (aOR� 1.67, p � 0.010). However, handwashing behavior after defecation at home (aOR� 0.39, p � 0.001) was protective against S. mansoni infection. For any protozoan infection, male children had increased odds of infection (aOR� 2.41, p � 0.001) while use of wiping material (aOR� 0.55, p � 0.019) and water contact (aOR� 0.32, p � 0.001) was protective against intestinal protozoa infections. Infections with S. mansoni and any protozoa and their coinfection were present. Findings revealed that several hygiene factors were protective against infections while other were risk factors. +erefore, deworming should be complemented with behavior education on hygienic habits.
Effect of different post harvest treatments to increase the quality and shelf life of papaya (Carica papaya L.)

HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic and have a major impact on nutrition, food security, agricultural production and rural societies. The present investigation was carried out at ART centre of Susheela Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India. A manual was produced and pretested to impart nutrition education. The baseline information from all registered subjects was collected; dietary intake and nutritional need were assessed. The Nutrition education was imparted to experimental group and was followed every month for the period of six months and after six months dietary intake was assessed for both groups. The study revealed that majority of the subjects was in the age group18-60 years. A 10.92 per cent subjects were graduates. The per capitaincome per month of the subjects was Rs.2125±1512. The female subjects showed no significant difference between energy intakes at baseline and after six months by both groups. But experimental group showed a significant improvement (p 100 per cent of RDA of energy at baseline and after six months, respectively. Whereas, 45.76 and 55.93 per cent subjects achieved 75-100 per cent of RDA of energy at baseline and after six months, respectively. Nutrition education showed to have insignificant difference in energy and protein intake of subjects except in the protein intake of female subjects of experimental group where significant (p<0.05) improvement was found. Effective management of the disease should include compulsory diet counselling, nutritional supplementation and financial assistance along with antiretroviral therapy.
The Certification of Standard Reference Material 1979: Powder Diffraction
 Line Profile Standard for Crystallite Size Analysis

This rather long-standing project has resulted in a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) for the analysis of crystallite size from a consideration of powder diffraction line profile broadening. It consists of two zinc oxide powders, one with a crystallite size distribution centered at approximately 15 nm, and a second centered at about 60 nm. These materials display the effects of stacking faults that broaden specific hkl reflections and a slight amount of microstrain broadening. Certification data were collected on the high-resolution powder diffractometer located at beamline 11-BM of the Advanced Photon Source, and on a NIST-built laboratory diffractometer equipped with a Johansson incident beam monochromator and position sensitive detector. Fourier transforms were extracted from the raw data using a modified, two-step profile fitting procedure that addressed the issue of accurate background determination. The mean column lengths, 〈L〉area and 〈L〉vol, were then computed from the Fourier transforms of the specimen contribution for each reflection. Data were also analyzed with fundamental parameters approach refinements using broadening models to yield 〈L〉area and 〈L〉vol values. These values were consistent with the model-independent Fourier transform results; however, small discrepancies were noted for the 〈L〉area values from both machines and both crystallite size ranges. The fundamental parameters approach fits to the laboratory data yielded the certified lattice parameters.
Resistance Mechanisms of Lycopersicon pennellii Accessions to Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Resistance mechanisms of 5 Lycopersicon pennellii (Corr.) D’Arcy accessions to Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) were compared with that of 2 commercial cultivars of L. Esculentum with the ultimate intent of using L. pennellii as a source of resistance to be incorporated into L. esculentum . First instars were trapped by the sticky exudate which covered the leaf surface of L. pennellii , but 2nd-5th instars overcame this physical barrier. Second and 3rd instars were influenced by an extractable substance present within, but not on, L. pennellii leaves, which had effects similar to juvenile hormone. The L. pennellii accession Sisicaya 751 had the highest apparent level of this juvenile hormone-like activity among those tested. Leaf feeding or incorporation of material from hexane or acetone extracts of L. pennellii leaves into artificial diet or application of extracts directly to larvae caused high larval mortality, adult morphological deformation, male sterility, and inhibited oviposition. Large larvae (4th and 5th instars) were not affected by this juvenile hormone-like substance. Collectively, the data suggest that certain accessions of L. pennellii could serve as sources of resistance to S. littoralis which could be incorporated into an L. esculentum background.
Altitudinal analysis of carbon stocks in the Antisana páramo, Ecuadorian Andes

Aims The importance of quantifying carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for determining climate change dynamics. However, the present regional assessments of carbon stocks in tropical grasslands are extrapolated to unsampled areas with a high degree of uncertainty and without considering the carbon and nitrogen composition of vegetation and soil along altitudinal ranges. This study aims to assess carbon and nitrogen concentrations in soil and vegetation, aboveground carbon stocks distribution and soil organic carbon stocks along an altitudinal range in the paramo region in the Ecuadorian Andes. Methods The vegetation inventory was conducted using 15×15 m sampling plots distributed in three altitudinal ranges. Based on the patterns exhibited by the dominant vegetation growth forms, biomass and soil were sampled to quantify the corresponding carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Subsequently, the aboveground live biomass along the paramo altitudinal range was estimated using allometric equations. Finally, soil and vegetation carbon stocks were estimated for the entire basin. Important Findings Altitudinal analysis supported a potential distribution of carbon and nitrogen concentrations in soil, litter and live tissues, where higher concentrations were found in the low altitudinal range mainly for tussocks and acaulescent rosettes. Cellulose in litter showed higher concentrations at low altitudinal ranges for acaulescent rosettes and cushions only. For the same growth forms, lignin patterns in litter were higher in high altitudinal ranges. Soil texture provided complementary information: high percentage of silt was highly correlated to high soil nitrogen and carbon concentration. Tussocks were found to be responsive to altitude with their, highest aboveground carbon stocks occurring at the low altitudinal range, but cushions and acaulescent rosettes responded differently. The established relationships among soil, vegetation and altitude shown in this study must be taken into account to estimate both aboveground and soil organic carbon stocks in paramo regions—such estimates will be considerably inaccurate if these relationships are ignored.
The Role of Neural Entrainment in Statistical Learning

Statistical learning (SL) refers to our ability to extract patterns from the environment. Research has long acknowledged the importance of SL in language; however, the neural mechanisms underlying SL remain largely unknown. One potential mechanism is neural entrainment, which refers to the tendency of endogenous neural oscillations to align with an ongoing rhythmic stimulus. In the context of SL, neural entrainment may align neural excitability to the ongoing structure of the speech stream, increasing sensitivity to underlying patterns and supporting the learning of word boundaries. This thesis tested the hypothesis that neural entrainment plays a causal role in SL by directly manipulating entrainment at specific frequencies cross-modally using a visual stimulus during learning. We found that boosting neural entrainment to match the frequency of the most informative moments of continuous speech (word onsets) resulted in better performance in an implicit SL task. These results support that neural entrainment plays a causal role in SL, as opposed to simply reflecting downstream effects of the learning process.
Quantitative evaluation of nectar secretion and production of nectar energy from Indian mustard flowers (Brassica juncea L.): A study in bioenergetics

Nectar secretion rhythms and nectar energetics of Indian mustard flowers, variety RH 0749 (recently developed and recommended by CCS HAU, Hisar) were studied during 2015-2016 Rabi Season at Research Area of Oilseeds Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, and Apiculture Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. The mean dry nectar-sugar (DNS) of 0.055 mg was produced per flower of B. juncea cv. RH-0749. Just opened flowers produced minimum amount of DNS (0.019 mg), while, it was maximum in the flowers after 4 hours of opening (0.099 mg). The energy reward per flower of B. juncea cv. RH-0749 varied from a minimum of 0.323 joules in just opened flower to a maximum of 1.661 joules after 4 hours of opening of flower. On an average, 0.913 joules energy was produced per B. juncea flower.
Biochemical findings in patients with severe preeclampsia & eclampsia: A study from North Indian tertiary health care institution

Authors Rohit Dogra 1 , Anu Bala Chandel 2 * 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Civil Hospital, Jaisinghpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author Dr Anu Bala Chandel Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India Abstract Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy comprising of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: The study was conducted among 65 antenatal women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia at gestational age >20 weeks in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for Mother and child IGMC Shimla. Clinical signs and symptoms and Laboratory test were recorded for study purpose. Results: The mean age of subjects in the study was 25.03±5.6 yrs, majority of subjects were between 2029 years. 75% subjects were booked and 25% were unbooked. Majority (58%) of subjects were primigravidae and 40% were multigravidae, a single patient was admitted with postpartum eclampsia. 51(78.4%) subjects had severe preeclampsia and 14(21.5%) subjects had eclampsia. Majority of subjects had significant proteinuria. Hematocrit, LDH, serum uric acid ApTT and 24 hrs urinary protein were significantly higher with abnormal RBC morphology Conclusion: Indicators of endothelial dysfunction i.e. abnormal RBC morphology, elevated LDH, deranged renal function tests were significantly higher in these patients. We conclude that the brain edema in patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome is primarily associated with the laboratory based evidence of endothelial damage
The Juvenile Obesity Epidemic : Strike Back with Physical Activity Sports Science Exchange 89

INTRODUCTION Determining who is overweight and who is obese The terms “overweight” and “obesity” are often used as if they are synonymous, but they are not. Both denote excessive body weight, but obesity is a more advanced state than is overweight. The definitions and criteria of obesity depend to a great extent on the method used to determine it. Ideally, one should measure or assess percent body fat by determining skinfold thickness or underwater weight or by using techniques of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Body fat in excess of 30% is often used as a criterion for obesity.
The Influence of Liquidity, Growth Opportunities, and Firm Size on Non-Finance Companies’ Hedging Policy in Indonesia Stock Exchange

Hedging is a policy done by a corporation in order to manage the possible risk caused by the exchange rate fluctuation. The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of the influence of liquidity, growth opportunities, and firm size on hedging policies. The study was conducted on non-financial companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2018. The study used purposive sampling technique with the number of samples of 449 companies. Data collections were conducted by non-participant observation method namely through financial report data published on the website www.idx. co.id. The analysis technique used in this study is logistic regression analysis. The results of hypothesis testing show that the liquidity which proxied by current ratio and the growth opportunities proxied by market to book value equity has negative, insignificant influence on hedging decision. Firm size has significance and positive influence on hedging decisions.
A Super-Bagging Method for Volleyball Action Recognition Using Wearable Sensors

Access to performance data during matches and training sessions is important for coaches and players. Although there are many video tagging systems available which can provide such access, these systems require manual effort. Data from Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) could be used for automatically tagging video recordings in terms of players’ actions. However, the data gathered during volleyball sessions are generally very imbalanced, since for an individual player most time intervals can be classified as “non-actions” rather than “actions”. This makes automatic annotation of video recordings of volleyball matches a challenging machine-learning problem. To address this problem, we evaluated balanced and imbalanced learning methods with our newly proposed ‘super-bagging’ method for volleyball action modelling. All methods are evaluated using six classifiers and four sensors (i.e., accelerometer, magnetometer, gyroscope and barometer). We demonstrate that imbalanced learning provides better unweighted average recall, (UAR = 83.99%) for the non-dominant hand using a naive Bayes classifier than balanced learning, while balanced learning provides better performance (UAR = 84.18%) for the dominant hand using a tree bagger classifier than imbalanced learning. Our super-bagging method provides the best UAR (84.19%). It is also noted that the super-bagging method provides better averaged UAR than balanced and imbalanced methods in 8 out of 10 cases, hence demonstrating the potential of the super-bagging method for IMU’s sensor data. One of the potential applications of these novel models is fatigue and stamina estimation e.g., by keeping track of how many actions a player is performing and when these are being performed.
The Moderating Role of Access to Physical Infrastructure on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance

Present research study has investigated access to physical infrastructure role as moderator between an association of entrepreneurial orientation and subjective financial performance in small and medium enterprises located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study has collected data from the registered SME’s owners, managers and senior officials of the manufacturing sector. Stratified random sampling technique were used to collect each respondent proportionately among the target sample of the current study. Six hundred and thirty eight questionnaire were distributed among respondents. Out of six hundred and thirty eight questionnaires, four hundred and twenty seven questionnaire were received. The three step procedure of Baron and Kenny (1983) were utilized to perform moderation analysis. Results of the present study revealed significant and affirmative association of entrepreneurial orientation and perceived financial performance. Moreover, results of moderation analysis showed, access to physical infrastructure positively as well as significantly moderate the relationship between firm level entrepreneurial orientation and perceived financial performance in small and medium Enterprise’s in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
Magnesium supplementation enhances insulin sensitivity and decreases insulin resistance in diabetic rats

Objective(s): Diabetes mellitus has been suggested to be the most common metabolic disorder associated with magnesium deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of magnesium supplementation on insulin receptor activity in elderly type 2 diabetes using a rat model and to provide experimental evidence for insulin resistance improvement by magnesium supplementation. Materials and Methods: Rat model of type 2 diabetes was developed using a high-fat diet along with low dose streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. Magnesium supplement was given orally by mixing with the high-fat diet. Serum insulin level, insulin sensitivity, and insulin receptor affinity were assessed using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS-2), and β-Arrestin-2 gene and protein expression levels were measured using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Xanthine oxidase assay, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TCA method), colorimetric assay, and ELISA were used to determine the serum SOD, MDA, T-AOC, and ox-LDL levels, respectively. Results: Magnesium supplementation enhanced insulin sensitivity and decreased insulin resistance in diabetic rats mainly through increasing insulin receptor expression, affinity, and augmenting insulin receptor signaling. Magnesium supplementation also inhibited lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats and protected against pancreatic cell injury in diabetic rats. In addition, we found that β-arrestin-2 gene expression was suppressed in diabetes, which was possibly attributed to gene methylation modification, as β-arrestin 2 promotor was rich in methylation-regulating sites. Magnesium supplementation could affect β-arrestin-2 gene expression and methylation. Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation has a positive effect on insulin receptor activity and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.
GPU-Friendly Neural Networks for Remote Sensing Scene Classification

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be very efficient for the analysis of remote sensing (RS) images. Due to the inherent complexity of extracting features from these images, along with the increasing amount of data to be processed (and the diversity of applications), there is a clear tendency to develop and employ increasingly deep and complex CNNs. In this regard, graphics processing units (GPUs) are frequently used to optimize their execution, both for the training and inference stages, optimizing the performance of neural models through their many-core architecture. Hence, the efficient use of the GPU resources should be at the core of optimizations. This letter analyzes the possibilities of using a new family of CNNs, denoted as TResNets, to provide an efficient solution to the RS scene classification problem. Moreover, the considered models have been combined with mixed precision to enhance their training performance. Our experimental results, conducted over three publicly available RS data sets, show that the proposed networks achieve better accuracy and more efficient use of GPU resources than other state-of-the-art networks. Source code is available at https://github.com/mhaut/GPUfriendlyRS.
Attempts to Cool Pig Oocytes

ブタ卵胞卵を0-20°Cの温度に冷却したときの生存性を明らかにするために,本実験を行なった. 直径2-5mmの卵胞から卵核胞期の卵胞卵を採取し,20%の牛胎児血清を含む修正リン酸緩衝液(30°C)に浮遊させた. 卵胞卵を0. 5または3°C/分の速度で0,10および20°Cに冷却し,これらの温度に到達直後,または0. 1,20および60分間保った後に室温下の培養液で洗浄後,培養した. 卵胞卵を,冷却前または0. 5°C/分の速度で0,10,20°Cに冷却し,ただちに室温下の培養液で洗浄後培養した場合,卵核胞期から第2成熟分裂中期に移行した割合はそれぞれ54,0,0および18%であった. また卵胞卵を3°C/分の速度で0,10,20°Cに冷却した場合,第2成熟分裂中期に移行した割合はそれぞれ0,0および3%であり,20°Cに冷却した卵の移行率は3°C/分より0. 5°C/分の方が高かった. 30°Cで卵巣から採取した卵胞卵を洗浄し小試験管に移した後,30°Cで60分間保持しても,培養後第2成熟分裂中期へ移行する割合は低下しなかったが,20°Cで60分間保持すると培養後の移行率は低下した. ジメチルスルフォキサイド,グリセロールおよびショ糖を添加しても,冷却された卵胞卵の生存性は影響を受けなかった. 以上の成績から,本研究における実験条件下では卵核胞期のブタ卵胞卵を0-10°Cに冷却すると死滅し,ブタ卵胞卵は冷却処理にきわめて弱いと思われる.
Poverty, Risk Aversion, and Inconsistent Choices

We run a lab experiment in a large public university in Colombia to test whether poverty causes individuals to be more risk averse and to make inconsistent choices. Students at this institution come from different economics backgrounds but are at the same time homogenous in terms of characteristics such as cognitive ability and education level. We exploit the natural variation in economic backgrounds and the fact that tuition in this school is a good proxy of the income of the parents to identify the effect of giving a treatment that makes salient the relative economic well-being of subjects. We find that treated individuals make more inconsistent choices in risk lotteries regardless of their poverty condition. In addition, both, withinand between-subject evidence suggests that the poor become slightly risk averse when given the treatment. However, this effect is not statistically significant with the level of power in this sample. The poor and rich do not differ in terms of other parameters of prospect theory such as loss aversion or non-linear probability weighting. ∗I am grateful for invaluable guidance and support from Prof. Tanya Rosenblat and Prof. Raj Arunachalam. I would also like to thank Prof. Dean Yang, as well as the director and administrative assistant of the School of Economics at the National University of Colombia, and Leonardo Garzon and Andrea Sanchez for their compuatitonal and emotional support over the course of this project.