Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Nutrition

Health-related behaviours (HRBs) have been considered one of the most critical public health issues, especially for those with special educational needs (SEN). Previous research suggests that health-related behaviours are highly likely to impact well-being and academic achievement. Diet is a crucial health-related behaviour that needs to be investigated along with factors such as sleep and exercise. The present study used data from the Cornish Academies Project, and secondary analyses were conducted to investigate associations between health-related behaviour and well-being and academic performance of secondary students with SEN. The current study sample was 308 students with SEN (mean age, 13.5 years, SD 1.44 years). The study was longitudinal, with time points 6 months apart
Use of surveillance and/or outbreak response data to identify zero-dose children or missed communities: Evidence on pro-equity interventions to improve immunization coverage for zero-dose children and missed communities

Results from risk assessment tools and modeling/mapping studies show mostly promising results regarding effectiveness. Results from studies that incorporated surveillance data into completing a risk assessment tool were validated in that districts identified as high-risk were locations where outbreaks occurred; action was taken to guide a subsequent supplementary immunization campaign (6). For studies using surveillance in modeling and mapping exercises, several studies used historical outbreak data to validate models constructed using surveillance data. In general, these validation efforts showed mixed results (6, 9-13). In one case, real-time modeling output was validated using data from the existing outbreak, demonstrating some inaccuracies (e.g., the model generally predicted more cases than occurred). Study authors mention that changing case definitions and suboptimal data quality likely impacted results (7). In some cases, particularly studies using modeling and mapping, it was unclear whether results from the activities that used surveillance data were linked to actual identification of priority groups/areas with action undertaken to reach these groups with immunization activities (23, 24, 26, 27, 33). This finding suggests an evidence gap showing how results from such studies are used to inform immunization activities. There were many studies that suggested their methods or results could be used to identify un/under-immunized groups in the future, but no studies were found that reported on implementation of immunization activities as a direct result of these analyses outside of the studies mentioned above. Notably, studies on routine immunization were lacking within this category. Data from studies conducting comparative analyses to identify immunity gaps provided the strongest evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of using surveillance to identify un/under-immunized populations . The study by Bhatia et al., described above, directly compared measles surveillance data and administrative data across 19 countries in the WHO Africa region and found surveillance data provided superior predictors of coverage at the subnational level (18). Similarly the analysis by Lessler et al. found that using measles surveillance data, specifically seroprevalence data, as a trigger for targeted vaccination campaigns versus waiting for an outbreak to occur could avert a significant number of cases and help prevent
Associations Between Online Pornography Consumption and Sexual Dysfunction in Young Men: Multivariate Analysis Based on an International Web-Based Survey

Background: Expanding access to the internet has resulted in more and earlier consumption of online pornography. At the same time, a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) among young men is seen. Increased pornography consumption has been suggested as a possible explanation for this rise. Objective: The aim of this study was to better understand associations between problematic pornography consumption (PPC) and ED. Methods: A 118-item survey was published online, and data collection took place between April 2019 and May 2020. Of the 5770 men who responded, the responses from 3419 men between 18 years old and 35 years old were analyzed. The survey used validated questionnaires such as the Cyber Pornography Addiction Test (CYPAT), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C). The estimated amount of porn watching was calculated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. For the multivariable analysis, a logistic regression model using a directed acyclic graph was used. Results: According to their IIEF-5 scores, 21.48% (444/2067) of our sexually active participants (ie, those who attempted penetrative sex in the previous 4 weeks) had some degree of ED. Higher CYPAT scores indicating problematic online pornography consumption resulted in a higher probability of ED, while controlling for covariates. Masturbation frequency seemed not to be a significant factor when assessing ED. Conclusions: This prevalence of ED in young men is alarmingly high, and the results of this study suggest a significant association with PPC.
Characterization of a Structural Intermediate of Flavivirus Membrane Fusion

Viral membrane fusion proceeds through a sequence of steps that are driven by triggered conformational changes of viral envelope glycoproteins, so-called fusion proteins. Although high-resolution structural snapshots of viral fusion proteins in their prefusion and postfusion conformations are available, it has been difficult to define intermediate structures of the fusion pathway because of their transient nature. Flaviviruses possess a class II viral fusion protein (E) mediating fusion at acidic pH that is converted from a dimer to a trimer with a hairpin-like structure during the fusion process. Here we show for tick-borne encephalitis virus that exposure of virions to alkaline instead of acidic pH traps the particles in an intermediate conformation in which the E dimers dissociate and interact with target membranes via the fusion peptide without proceeding to the merger of the membranes. Further treatment to low pH, however, leads to fusion, suggesting that these monomers correspond to an as-yet-elusive intermediate required to convert the prefusion dimer into the postfusion trimer. Thus, the use of nonphysiological conditions allows a dissection of the flavivirus fusion process and the identification of two separate steps, in which membrane insertion of multiple copies of E monomers precedes the formation of hairpin-like trimers. This sequence of events provides important new insights for understanding the dynamic process of viral membrane fusion.
University of Groningen The Association of Medication-Use and Frailty-Related Factors with Gait Performance in Older Patients

The increased fall risk associated with the use of psychotropic drugs might be caused by underlying problems in postural control that are induced by sedative side-effects of these drugs. The current literature on the effects of psychotropics on postural control only examined acute single-drug effects, and included relatively healthy young elderly. Consequently, it is unclear what the impact of the long-term use of these drugs is on gait in frail older persons with polypharmacy. Therefore, it was aimed in the present study to explore the association between the use of psychotropics, multiple other medications, frailty-related parameters and gait performance in older patients. Eighty older persons (79±5.6 years) were recruited. Comorbid diseases, frailty-related parameters, and medication-use were registered. Trunk accelerations during a 3-minute-walking-task were recorded, whereof walking speed, mean stride times, coefficient of variation (CV) of stride times, and step consistency were determined. Multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression analysis was used to examine the association between population characteristics and medicationuse, versus gait parameters. A PLS-model existing of four latent variables was built, explaining 45% of the variance in four gait parameters. Frailty-related factors, being female, and laxative-use were most strongly associated with lower walking speed, higher mean stride times, higher CV of stride times, and less consistent steps. In conclusion, frailtyrelated parameters were stronger associated with impaired gait performance than the use of psychotropic drugs. Possibly, at a certain frailty-level, the effect of the deterioration in physical functioning in frailty is so large, that the instability-provoking side-effects of psychotropic drugs have less impact on gait. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0149888 February 22, 2016 1 / 15 a11111
The socio-cultural impact of the introduction of motorbike taxis in the rural community of Tombel, South West region, Cameroon

“The socio-cultural impact of the introduction of motorbike taxis in the rural community of Tombel, South West region, Cameroon” seeks to bring out the impact of commercial motorbike taxis on the lifestyle of the Bakossi. The principal objective of this research is to show how the introduction of motorbike taxis has modified the lifestyle of the Tombel population. This anthropological research defines the profile of a motorbike taxi rider, his role in society, the perception of the population towards this activity and the impact of this activity on the lifestyle of the rural population of Tombel. This study reveals that motorbike taxi riders are essentially made up of youths from all works of life who earn a living by riding a motorbike taxi on a daily bases for commercial purposes. The revenue earn here goes a long way to sustain the livelihood of the rider and his entourage, becoming an ascension tool into the social ladder. The activity is very dangerous not only for the riders buts also for the passengers because of the risks involved in riding for most of the riders do not have the basic knowledge of the road code. This research also reveals that motorbike taxi has become the preferred means of public transport of most inhabitants of Tombel to the point of monopolising certain destinations. The population of Tombel perceives this activity as an instrument of change that has brought development and progress. But this activity also constitutes a social ill because of the prevalent sexual promiscuity encouraged by the riders. This activity has also gotten a cultural impact on the society, changing perceptions and being involve in rituals. Motorbike taxis have become a force to reckon with in the organisation of the community. They are a “response from below” to the transport crises in Cameroon.
Epidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The Framingham Study

Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) as a precursor of stroke was assessed over 24 years of follow-up of the general population sample at Framingham, Massachusetts. Persons with chronic established AF, with or without rheumatic heart disease (RHD), are at greatly increased risk of stroke, and the stroke is probably due to embolism. Chronic AF in the absence of RHD is associated with more than a fivefold increase in stroke incidence, while AF with RHD has a 17-fold increase. Stroke occurrence increased as duration of AF increased, with no evidence of a particularly vulnerable period. Chronic idiopathic AF is an important precursor of cerebral embolism. Controlled trials of anticoagulants or antiarrhythmic agents in persons with chronic AF may demonstrate if strokes can be prevented in this highly susceptible group.
COMBATTING COMMUNITY TENSIONS IN WALES: MAPPING THE COOPERATION SPACE FOR MULTI-AGENCY COHESION DELIVERY

Purpose - this paper maps out the cooperation space between partners responsible for tension monitoring and cohesion delivery in Wales. The network, labelled Cohesion Delivery Network (CDN), is examined using a mixed method approach. The final output provides a visualisation of the cooperation space between seven key stakeholder groups and indicates what predictive factors cause increased and decreased cooperation. The final section of this paper provides explanatory accounts of the findings made, providing an insight into why and how the cooperation exists. Key Findings - Analyses of cooperation findings indicate gaps and bottlenecks within the network that were not previously understood. Cooperation faults and gaps relate to both cooperation frequency and cooperation quality. MDS and PCA procedures provide evidence that clustering exists between stakeholder groups in the network, with the axes helping to explain these. Predictive factors are found for cooperation frequency within the network and are cross-examined in three separate models, relating to different stakeholder clustering’s identified. We also found that some partners act as a ‘gateway’ for other stakeholders to enter the inner circle of cooperation. Finally, reasons are provided for clustering and cooperation faults by open questions. These are broadly
Why Money Talks and Wealth Whispers: Monetary Uncertainty and Mystique: A Comment

We demonstrate that in important cases Propositions 3 and 4 in Eijffinger, Hoeberichts, and Schaling (2000) may fail. Moreover, their monetary policy delegation arrangement, which advocates that central banker preference uncertainty may be desirable, is dominated by other arrangements without any such uncertainty. Finally, their way of modelling preference uncertainty leads to arbitrary effects on average monetary policy. Without these, preference uncertainty is never desirable.
Supplemental: Learning Complete 3D Morphable Face Models from Images and Videos

Figure 1. We present a method for learning complete 3D morphable models of faces from videos and images. We show visualizations of the learned models on the right. Faces in each direction of indicated arrows is obtained by linearly scaling individual component of respective models. Identity geometry captures variations in the face shape (second column), lips (top left to bottom right) and jaw (top right to bottom left), while expressions capture variations due to mouth opening (second row), smile (second column) and eye movement (top right to bottom left). Albedo/Reflectance spans a variety of skin color (second column), eye color (top right to bottom left) and gender specific features such as facial hair and make-up (second row).
Urban Composts as an Alternative for Peat in Forestry Nursery Growing Media

Including urban composts in nursery growing media could reduce peat use and promote new markets for these products. The objective of this work was to study the effects of compost incorporation in forestry nursery growing media. Growing media were prepared mixing composts (0-75% in volume) from biosolids, municipal solid waste and pruning waste with peat. As control treatment, a peat-based substrate was employed. Hydrophysical and chemical properties of growing media were determined. Moreover the effects of these growing media on rosemary and cypress plant growth (height, stem diameter, nutrient contents) in propagation and production trials were monitored. Hydrophysical properties of compost based growing media were adequate up to 50% compost. The Carbon/Nitrogen ratio of composts (10.7-12.4) was indicative of compost maturity. Compost EC values frequently surpasses those of standard peat substrates, therefore substrate salinity limited the maximum percentage of compost in substrates. In the case of cutting propagation, rosemary growth was increased to 50% compost (EC 1.1-1.3 dS m). Cypress seed germination was not affected until 75% compost (EC 1.4-1.9 dS m) and its growth was increased in all compost growing media. Plant growth increased was related to the fertilizing effect of compost. Although composts content of Ni, Zn, and Pb were greater than those of standard peat substrates, only concentration of Zn was greater in compost-media cultivated plants. As a general rule, forestry nursery growing media could incorporate up to 50% composts from biosolids, municipal solid waste and pruning wastes mixed with peat. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
De-escalating chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer?

Background: Although adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with stage II colon cancer characterized by poor prognostic features, its pros and cons remain a controversial issue. We aim to evaluate the real effectiveness of chemotherapy on stage II colon cancer as well as select suitable patients. Methods: Patients during 1988–2013 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The competing risk regression model and propensity score matching method were used to evaluate colon-cancer-specific death (CCSD) and non-CCSD. Also, a competing-risk nomogram was constructed to identify risk of patients. Risk score (RS) was calculated according to nomogram. Results: A total of 58,133 patients were included, 25.66% received chemotherapy, and 74.34% were without chemotherapy. In total, 19.95% and 25.78% of patients died of CCSD and non-CCSD, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that receiving chemotherapy appears to be associated with more CCSD and less non-CCSD (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.18–1.28; HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.43–0.47, respectively), even after adjustment for covariates and propensity score weighting. A competing-risk nomogram was established; the model was relatively good with a C-index of 0.661. Based on the RS, risk stage could only predict prognosis but failed to predict the benefit from chemotherapy. Conclusions: The value of chemotherapy is much less than we thought. It is time to de-escalate chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer. CCSD, rather than overall survival, should be considered as an appropriate primary end point for future trials in stage II colon cancer.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Defense against Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine

In this study, we theorize and empirically examine whether companies respond to the threat of knowledge spillovers by strategically increasing their engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR). To obtain exogenous variation in the threat of knowledge spillovers, we exploit a natural experiment provided by the rejection of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) by several U.S. states between 1991 and 2013. Since the doctrine prevents employees with valuable know-how from working for a competitor in the immediate future, the doctrine's rejection facilitates knowledge appropriation by rivals. Using a difference-in-differences methodology, we find that companies react to the increased threat of knowledge spillovers by increasing their CSR. We further provide evidence that the increase in CSR is stronger for companies i) located closer to innovation hubs as well as companies operating in industries that are ii) more R&D intensive, iii) more competitive, and iv) have more attractive investment opportunities. Overall, these results are consistent with the notion that CSR serves as a strategic tool to mitigate the risk of knowledge spillovers.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Suppress Inflammatory Activation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient Synovial Macrophages and Tissue

Macrophages contribute significantly to the pathology of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Macrophage activation and survival are tightly regulated by reversible acetylation and deacetylation of histones, transcription factors, and structural proteins. Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) demonstrate therapeutic effects in animal models of chronic inflammatory disease, depressed macrophage HDAC activity in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or RA may contribute to inflammation in these diseases, potentially contraindicating the therapeutic administration of HDACis. In this study, we directly examined whether HDACis could influence the activation of macrophages derived from the inflamed joints of patients with RA. We found that inhibition of class I/II HDACs or class III sirtuin HDACs potently blocked the production of IL-6 and TNF-α by macrophages from healthy donors and patients with RA. Two HDACis, trichostatin A and nicotinamide, selectively induced macrophage apoptosis associated with specific downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bfl-1/A1, and inflammatory stimuli enhanced the sensitivity of macrophages to HDACi-induced apoptosis. Importantly, inflammatory and angiogenic cytokine production in intact RA synovial biopsy explants was also suppressed by HDACis. Our study identifies redundant, but essential, roles for class I/II and sirtuin HDACs in promoting inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell survival in RA.
Near threshold neutral pion electroproduction at high momentum transfers

Pion photo(γp→ πN) and electroproduction (γ∗p→ πN) close to threshold have been the subject of experimental and theoretical study since the 1950s. The predictions for near threshold cross sections have been studied for momentum transfers Q2 < 1 GeV/c2 theoretically via the Low Energy Theorems (LETs). Additionally, these LETs give predictions for the axial form factor GA(Q 2) via the charged pion process near threshold. The LETs provide transition amplitude predictions for both neutral and charged pion reactions using chiral symmetry and current algebra arguments near threshold. Previous experimental measurements from Saclay, Mainz and others have shown consistency with the LET predictions at low momentum transfers Q2 < 1 GeV/c2. Recently, new extensions to these LETs at highQ2 have been introduced by Pobylista et al (2001) and then by Braun et al (2008). In the work of Braun et al, the near threshold pion electroproduction transition amplitudes are written in terms of new form factors. These new generalized form factors GπN 1 (Q 2) and GπN 2 (Q 2) are obtained on the current quark basis and have been predicted using light cone sum rules (LCSRs) in the chiral limit (mπ → 0) for the reactions ep → eNπ in the Q2 range of 1 − 10 GeV/c2. Additionally, the predictions include a prescription to access the axial form factor GA near threshold at these high momentum transfers for the charged pion reaction. An experiment at Jefferson Lab was conducted using the CLAS detector to measure near threshold neutral pion electroproduction ep→ epπ0 as a function of Q2. This is the first measurement of this process in the near threshold region of W from 1.08 to 1.16 GeV and at momentum transfers Q2 ≈ 2 − 5 GeV/c2. The differential angle integrated cross sections were measured and the associated structure functions and S-wave multipoles were extracted. The cross section, extracted multipole amplitudes and generalized form factors G 0p 1 (Q 2) and G 0p 2 (Q 2) are presented along with the predictions from Braun et al.
A New Switched System Approach to Leader–Follower Consensus of Heterogeneous Linear Multiagent Systems With DoS Attack

This paper investigates the leader–follower robust ${H_\infty }$ consensus of heterogeneous multiagent systems with denial of service attack, where different attack intensities are considered. A switched system model is introduced to model such an attack phenomenon. Then, sufficient conditions to guarantee the solvability of the robust output consensus problem are obtained, and the quantitative relationship between the consensus performance and attack parameter is established. It is shown that the consensus protocol design problem can be transformed into two static output feedback (SOF) control problems. It is also shown that the SOF controller gains can be determined by solving some linear matrix inequalities without the knowledge of the probability information of each attack. Finally, the effectiveness of the control protocol is demonstrated by a simulation study.