Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of sagittal plane postures on trunk rotation range of motion

Axial rotation is regarded as an essential movement of the trunk that allows many individuals to participate in vocations, sports and activities of daily living. Unfortunately when the destabilising nature of rotation is combined with that of spinal flexion, the risk of injuring the spine can increase significantly. Few studies have investigated the potential benefits that maximizing trunk rotation has in certain vocation and sport-related arenas and none have looked at whether adopting certain spinal postures in the sagittal plane can maximise trunk rotation more than others. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of alterations of trunk inclination, spinal posture, pelvic fixation and turning direction on the active range of motion (ROM) of trunk rotation. Twenty healthy individuals participated in the main study. Retro-reflective markers were placed on key anatomical locations and used to track the movement of the thorax and pelvis during a series of repeated maximal trunk rotations in ten different spinal positions within the sagittal plane. Trunk kinematics and kinetics were recorded simultaneously using an optoelectronic motion analysis and force platform measuring system. A repeated-measures multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test for the main effects of trunk inclination, spinal posture, fixation of pelvis and direction of turn on maximum active ROM of trunk rotation, maximum pelvic rotation and the anterior-posterior and lateral displacement of the centre of pressure (COP). To investigate test-retest reliability, ten participants were tested on two separate days. Repeatability for each outcome measure was investigated using interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland Altman graphs.
Detrainment Dominates CCN Concentrations Around Non‐Precipitating Convective Clouds Over the Amazon

We investigated the relationship between the number concentration of cloud droplets (Nd) in ice‐free convective clouds and of particles large enough to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measured at the lateral boundaries of cloud elements. The data were collected during the ACRIDICON‐CHUVA aircraft campaign over the Amazon Basin. The results indicate that the CCN particles at the lateral cloud boundaries are dominated by detrainment from the cloud. The CCN concentrations detrained from non‐precipitating convective clouds are smaller compared to below cloud bases. The detrained CCN particles from precipitating cloud volumes have relatively larger sizes, but lower concentrations. Our findings indicate that CCN particles ingested from below cloud bases are activated into cloud droplets, which evaporate at the lateral boundaries and above cloud base and release the CCN again to ambient cloud‐free air, after some cloud processing. These results support the hypothesis that the CCN around the cloud are cloud‐processed.
Social Media For Consumer Engagement: Co-Creating Guidance for Hospitals, Service Providers and Consumers

There has been interest in using social media for consumer engagement in hospitals, particularly for service design and quality improvement, but services have identified a need for guidance. This article outlines the methods used to involve stakeholders in the development of a guide for the use of social media as a consumer engagement tool for Australian public hospitals, and describes the changes to the guide and implementation findings that resulted from stakeholder involvement. The development of the guide involved cycles of two interrelated methods – (1) small group co-creation involving three hospital consumer representatives, three service provider representatives and three academics gathering and analysing data, and integrating findings into the development of the guide; and (2) a consultation with eighteen hospital stakeholders who provided feedback on versions of the guide throughout its development. Participants were encouraged to use their experience as service providers and consumers to reflect broadly on how the content and design of the guide could support social media-based consumer engagement within their particular setting. The co-creation and consultation methods led to four main feedback themes: (1) Enhancing usability is critical for guidance resources; (2) Executive support and teamwork are essential for implementation; (3) Start small and build experience and knowledge over time; and (4) Thinking about new methods brings up questions around existing practice. Involving stakeholders in the design process through co-creation and consultation methods led to critical changes to the guide, enhancing its usability and creating a focus in the guide on building organisational and individual capacity around service design and improvement. Involving stakeholders in the development of the guide also allowed us to translate existing research knowledge into practical implementation strategies and tools, and may increase the likelihood of the guide being used by hospitals, providers and consumers.
Quantum feedback cooling of a mechanical oscillator using variational measurements: tweaking Heisenberg’s microscope

We revisit the problem of preparing a mechanical oscillator in the vicinity of its quantum-mechanical ground state by means of feedback cooling based on continuous optical detection of the oscillator position. In the parameter regime relevant to ground-state cooling, the optical back-action and imprecision noise set the bottleneck of achievable cooling and must be carefully balanced. This can be achieved by adapting the phase of the local oscillator in the homodyne detection realizing a so-called variational measurement. The trade-off between accurate position measurement and minimal disturbance can be understood in terms of Heisenberg’s microscope and becomes particularly relevant when the measurement and feedback processes happen to be fast within the quantum coherence time of the system to be cooled. This corresponds to the regime of large quantum cooperativity C q ≳ 1 , which was achieved in recent experiments on feedback cooling. Our method provides a simple path to further pushing the limits of current state-of-the-art experiments in quantum optomechanics.
TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS CODE-SWITCHING IN ETHIOPIAN EFL CLASSROOMS

Code-switching or the use of L1 in teaching English is a pervasive and inevitable phenomenon in Ethiopia where teachers and students who own the same first language. Nevertheless, researches carried out on the teachers’ attitudes to pedagogical code-switching in Ethiopian context are scarce. This study, therefore, was designed to explore the attitudes of EFL teachers towards code-switching and seek their views on why code-switching should be used in English classrooms. This study employed a qualitative case study design where data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with five English teachers who were purposely selected from two secondary schools. The results revealed that the four teachers supported code-switching whereas one of the teachers had a different stance. All five teachers believed that code-switching should be used in a limited, selective, and purposeful way only when necessary. Furthermore, the results generally indicated that teachers had positive attitudes towards code-switching regarding academic, classroom management and socializing purposes although they had different stands on the specific functions of code-switching. Based on the results, it is possible to suggest that as code-switching is part and parcel of classroom discourse, teacher training programs should incorporate it as an effective instructional strategy.
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes in Isolates from Ghanaian Drinking Water Sources

The control of infectious diseases is seriously threatened by the increase in the number of microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial agents. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have also been identified in the water environment. A field study was performed sampling drinking water sources in seven districts of southern Ghana targeting boreholes, dams, hand-dug wells, and streams during baseflow conditions. Bacteria were isolated (N = 110) from a total of 67 water samples to investigate their antimicrobial susceptibility and to determine their carriage of select antibiotic resistance genes. Bacterial identification was performed using conventional selective media methods and the analytical profile index (API) method. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out using the Kirby–Bauer method. Results indicated that all water sources tested were of poor quality based on the presence of fecal indicator organisms. The most commonly occurring bacterium isolated from water was Klebsiella spp. (N = 24, 21.8%), followed by E. coli (N = 23, 20.9%). Gram-negative bacteria isolates were most commonly resistant to cefuroxime (24.5%), while the Gram-positives were most commonly resistant to meropenem (21.3%). The highest rates of bacterial resistances to more than one antibiotic were observed in Klebsiella spp. (30.0%) followed by E. coli (27.8%). PCR was used to detect the presence of a select antibiotic resistance genes in the Gram-negative isolates. The presence of blaNDM-1, sull, tet(O), and tet(W) were observed in isolates from all water sources. In contrast, ermF was not detected in any of the Gram-negative isolates from any water source. Most (28.7%) of the resistance genes were observed in E. coli isolates. Reducing microbial contamination of the various water sources is needed to protect public health and to ensure the sustainability of this resource. This further calls for education of the citizenry.
Spatiotemporal Relationship between Ecosystem Service Value and Ecological Risk in Disaster-Prone Mountainous Areas: Taking the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River as an Example

Mountainous areas are susceptible to disasters; the frequent occurrence of disasters drives the changes in ecosystem service value (ESV) and also brings certain ecological risk, which further increases the incidence of disasters. However, few scholars have investigated the spatiotemporal correlation between the ESV of disaster-prone mountainous areas and ecological risk index (ERI) with basin as the unit. This paper aims to clarify the spatial relationship between ESV and ERI under the changes of land use. Taking the upper reaches of the Minjiang River as the study area, the authors collected the land use data of 2000–2020, estimated ESV by the value equivalent factor per unit area method, and constructed the ERI. On this basis, the relationship between ESV and ERI was investigated in details. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the total ESV exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. The spatial distribution of ESV was greatly affected by slope and altitude; an important reason for the rising ESV in the study area is the increase of forest area and water area. (2) The upper reaches of the Minjiang River had a generally low ERI and relatively good overall ecoenvironment. After 2010, however, the ecological risk continued to rise. Most of the strongly high risk areas are areas with frequent human activities, such as low-altitude areas and river banks. (3) There is a spatial correlation and coupling between ESV and ERI in the study area; i.e., the strongly high ESV areas generally had a low ecological risk. The correlation intensified with the elapse of time. The changes in the service value of regional ecosystems driven by unreasonable land use will have a great impact on the ecoenvironment. By clarifying the spatiotemporal relationship between ESV and ERI, this research provides theoretical basis and data support to the formulation of ecoenvironmental restoration and protection plans for the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and to the coordinated development between society, economy, and ecoenvironment in the region.
Statistical and entanglement entropy for black holes in quantum geometry

We analyze the relationship between entanglement (or geometric) entropy with statistical mechanical entropy of horizon degrees of freedom when described in the framework of isolated horizons in loop quantum gravity. We show that, once the relevant degrees of freedom are identified, the two notions coincide. The key ingredient linking the two notions is the structure of quantum geometry at Planck scale implied by loop quantum gravity, where correlations between the inside and outside of the black hole are mediated by eigenstates of the horizon area operator.
Inequalities on expectations based on the knowledge of multivariate moments

The paper deals with discrete moment problems where the possible values of a random vector form a known finite set. First, some earlier results concerning the one dimensional discrete moment problem are summarized. Then, restricting the discussion to the two-dimensional case, for the sake of simplicity, two different discrete moment problems are formulated: (a) the known moments are those where the exponents of the random variables are chosen between 0 and some upper bounds; (b) the sum of the exponents is less than or equal to a given number. The bounds that can be obtained by our technique include bounds for probabilities and expectation. programming.
Molecular description of melatonin receptor 1A gene in Iraqi buffalo

The water buffalo has a seasonal reproductive pattern with reduced sexual activity during the longer photoperiod. The goal of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene in Iraqi buffalo cows and 3D structure of its protein and phylogeny with other sequences around the world. The 824 bp fragment of exon II of the MTNR1 A gene was amplified from 190 buffalo cows (4-5 years old) genomic DNA belonging to local breeders in Al-Chibayish Marshes, Southern Iraq. Amplified PCR products underwent custom sequencing at the two ends (5′ and 3′ ends). Five separate polymorphism sites, the 1st included 52 animals with 19 mutations (12 missense), the 2nd included 39 animals with 18 mutations (11 missense), the 3rd included 35 animals with 18 mutations (12 missense), the 4th included 32 animals with 18 mutations (12 missense) and the 5th included 32 animals with 14 mutations (8 missense). These polymorphic sites with accession numbers LC565046, LC565047, LC565709, LC565710 and LC565711 respectively were registered in gene bank. The phylogenetic tree reveals that in some of the Iraqi buffalo, the sequences of MTNR1A gene has identical to the Italian buffalo (GU817415), and the Brazilian buffalo (JN689386). Data revealed a marked difference in the fifth polymorphism sites' 3D protein structure because of the mutations. In conclusion, as a result of mutations, the gene MTNR1A in Iraqi buffalo has polymorphisms; these polymorphisms may be linked to gene function, Therefore, further studies are needed to connect the polymorphisms of this gene with the productive and reproductive traits.
A deep view on the Virgo cluster core

Studies of dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies with statistically significant sample sizes are still rare beyond the Local Group, since these low surface brightness objects can only be identified with deep imaging data. In galaxy clusters, where they constitute the dominant population in terms of number, they represent the faint end slope of the galaxy luminosity function and provide important insight on the interplay between galaxy mass and environment. In this study we investigate the optical photometric properties of early-type galaxies (dwarf ellipticals (dEs) and dSphs) in the Virgo cluster core region, by analysing their location on the colour magnitude relation (CMR) and the structural scaling relations down to faint magnitudes, and by constructing the luminosity function to compare it with theoretical expectations. Our work is based on deep CFHT V -a ndI-band data covering several square degrees of the Virgo cluster core that were obtained in 1999 using the CFH12K instrument. We visually select potential cluster members based on morphology and angular size, excluding spiral galaxies. A photometric analysis has been carried out for 295 galaxies, using surface brightness profile shape and colour as further criteria to identify probable background contaminants. 216 galaxies are considered to be certain or probable Virgo cluster members. Our study reveals 77 galaxies not catalogued in the VCC (with 13 of them already found in previous studies) that are very likely Virgo cluster members because they follow the Virgo CMR and exhibit low Sersic indices. Those galaxies reach MV = −8. 7m ag. The CMR shows a clear change in slope from dEs to dSphs, while the scatter of the CMR in the dSph regime does not increase significantly. Our sample might, however, be somewhat biased towards redder colours. The scaling relations given by the dEs appear to be continued by the dSphs indicating a similar origin. The observed change in the CMR slope may mark the point at which gas loss prevented significant metal enrichment. The almost constant scatter around the CMR possibly indicates a short formation period, resulting in similar stellar populations. The luminosity function shows a Schechter function’s faint end slope of α = −1.50 ± 0.17, implying a lack of galaxies related to the expected number of low-mass dark matter haloes from theoretical models. Our findings could be explained by suppressed star formation in low-mass dark matter halos or by tidal disruption of dwarfs in the dense core region of the cluster.
The gradient flow of the $L^2$ curvature energy on surfaces

We investigate the gradient flow of the $L^2$ norm of the Riemannian curvature on surfaces. We show long time existence with arbitrary initial data, and exponential convergence of the volume normalized flow to a constant scalar curvature metric when the initial energy is below a constant determined by the Euler characteristic of the underlying surface.
Direct energy inputs to the middle atmosphere

As a working definition of the extent of the middle atmosphere (MA), the height range from 30 to 100 km was adopted. The neutral and ionic composition and the dynamics within this height range are, for the most part, poorly understood. From available information, the importance of various particle and photon energy sources, including their variability, for ionization of the neutral atmosphere in this height range is assessed. The following topics are discussed: (1) penetration of the MA by particle and electromagnetic energy; (2) ionization sources for the MA; (3) galactic cosmic rays; (4) solar H Ly alpha, other EUV, and X-rays; (5) magnetospheric electrons and bremsstrahlung X-rays; and (6) solar cosmic rays.
Mediating Role of Financial Behavior between Financial Factors and Economic Well-being: Through the Lens of the Extended Family Resource Management Model

The major aim of this study is focused on assessing the direct, and indirect factors that affect individuals’ economic well -being. The multistage random sampling was utilized to choose the sample of the coconut growers in Sri Lanka. The data were analyzed by PLS-SEM in Smart-PLS. All the direct relationships between the determinants of economic well-being (financial behavior, financial knowledge, money attitude), and economic well-being were revealed significant, and their impact was positive. All together 88.9% of the total variance of economic well-being was explained by the three variables. Moreover, the impact of money attitudes, and financial knowledge on financial behavior was also examined. But, only money attitude, and financial behavior association was confirmed, and 78.2% of variance in financial behavior was clarified. The financial behavior was further hypothesized as a mediator between financial knowledge, money attitude, and economic well-being, but only money attitude, and economic well-being relationship was mediated by the financial behavior. The current study widens our understanding of financial factors, and their impact on economic well-being, and coconut growers, academicians, and policy makers can use this knowledge to avoid barriers, address the research gaps in the context of family economics and management, and design policy guidelines.
Better Hadronic Top Quark Polarimetry

Observables sensitive to top quark polarization are important for characterizing or even discovering new physics. The most powerful spin analyzer in top decay is the down-type fermion from the W, which in the case of leptonic decay allows for very clean measurements. However, in many applications it is useful to measure the polarization of hadronically decaying top quarks. Usually it is assumed that at most 50% of the spin analyzing power can be recovered in this case. This paper introduces a simple and truly optimal hadronic spin analyzer, with a power of 64% at leading order. The improvement is demonstrated to be robust at next-to-leading order, and in a handful of simulated measurements including the spins and spin correlations of boosted top quarks from multi-TeV t¯ t resonances, the spins of semi-boosted tops from chiral stop decays, and the potentially CP-violating spin correlations ¯
Study of the process $e^+e^-\to n\bar{n}$ at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider with the SND detector

The process $e^+e^-\to n\bar{n}$ has been studied at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider with the SND detector in the energy range from threshold up to 2 GeV. As a result of the experiment, the $e^+e^-\to n\bar{n}$ cross section and effective neutron form factor have been measured.
Clinical and molecular detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in the Iraqi camels

Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli is the most frequent zoonotic species of mites causing mange in camels worldwide. The prevalence of camel’s mange in Iraq is still little studied. Thus, this research is conducted to detect S. scabiei in camels in the four provinces of the Middle-Euphrates area: Al-Muthanna, Al-Diwaniyah, Najaf, and Babil, from January 2020 to December 2020. The Molecular technique depending on the conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) is performed for the direct detection of S. scabiei based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( COX1 ) gene from skin scrape lesion samples. The results reveal that 125 out of 425 samples (29.41%) of the examined camels are infested with S. scabiei . According to the sex of the infested animals, the infestation rate was higher in females than in males, 85 (30.91 %) and 40 (26.67%) respectively. In addition, the 1.5 year age shows the highest number of infestation (83 out of 85) with a percentage of 97.65%, but the percentages are 21 out of 60 (35%) and four out 68 (5.88%) in 2 and 7 years old animals, respectively. The results also record that infested animals found in Najaf and Al-Diwaniyah have the highest number of infestations, with of 36% and 35%, respectively. The findings also demonstrate that the highest infestation percentage is during the winter months (January and February), with of 92.31% and 80%, respectively. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis shows that the local isolates of the Iraqi camels are consistent with the isolates recorded in China.