Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Enhancement Using NOMA-MIMO for 5G Networks

The integration of MIMO and NOMA technologies addresses key challenges in 5G and beyond, such as connectivity, latency, and dependability. However, resolving these issues, especially in MIMO-enabled 5G networks, required additional research. This involved optimizing parameters like bit error rate, downlink spectrum efficiency, average capacity rate, and uplink transmission outage probability. The model employed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulation on selected frequency channels, accommodating diverse user characteristics. Evaluation showed that MIMO-NOMA significantly improved bit error rate and transmitting power for the best user in download transmission. For uplink transmission, there was an increase in the average capacity rate and a decrease in outage probability for the best user. Closed-form formulas for various parameters in both downlink and uplink NOMA, with and without MIMO, were derived. Overall, adopting MIMO-NOMA led to a remarkable performance improvement for all users, even in challenging conditions like interference or fading channels. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Role of Preoperative Tranexamic Acid in Decreasing Blood Loss in Role of Preoperative Tranexamic Acid in Decreasing Blood Loss in Preeclamptic Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section Preeclamptic Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section

Background : Abnormal bleeding associated with preeclampsia can be explained by the various pathophysiological changes especially vascular and hematological. Preeclampsia is thus considered a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. Aim and objectives : To detect the role of preoperative TA in decreasing blood loss in preeclamptic patients undergoing CS. Patient and methods : After receiving clearance from the hospital ethics committee, this prospective randomized control double-blinded experiment was done in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Al-Hussein and Sayed Galal Hospital, Al-Azhar University, between September 2021 and February 2022.140 preeclamptic women with singleton conceptions who were planned for either optional or urgent lower segment CS procedures were included in the research. Result : Regarding estimated blood loss, group II considerably outperformed group I ( P value < 0.001) Conclusion : Blood loss during CS was greatly decreased by TXA. Being in a hypercoagulable condition during pregnancy increases the risk of thrombotic events. But there were no negative side effects or problems in the early postpartum period when this anti ﬁ brinolytic was used. TXA may thus be used to people receiving LSCS in a safe and ef ﬁ cient manner.
THE DYNAMIC LINKAGES BETWEEN INVESTMENT AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

The paper empirically analysed the econometric dynamics of foreign and domestic investments for sustainable growth in Nigeria. In carrying out the investigation, ex-post research method, focusing on secondary sourced data on foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and domestic investment (DIN) inflows and real gross domestic product (GDP) were used. Econometric analytical procedure that involved descriptive statistics, stationarity test, granger causality test, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) as well as impulse response to shocks was employed to answer research questions and test stated hypotheses. The findings show that significant long run relationship exist between investment sources and economic growth in Nigeria; specifically, the effects of FDI and DIN are significantly positive, while that of FPI is negative. Also, FDI appears to exert significant shocks on Nigeria’s economic growth, though the level of shock does not seem to crowd out DIN. On the other DIN shocks does not seem to have significant effects on foreign investment inflows. Based on the findings, the study concludes that increased domestic investment is needed to provide the enabling environment that minimizes the domestic investment risk profile of the Nigerian business environment. Collaborative (public and organized private sector) intervention efforts by way of policies, programmes and projects need to be made to develop critical infrastructure (roads, power and security) as this will ease the burden of doing business in Nigeria, thereby attracting private investors from both local and foreign sources.
Sedimentation in the Ritland Impact Structure, western Norway

Crater-infilling sediments of the Cambrian Ritland impact structure of southwestern Norway have been grouped into three broad units: (A) late syn-impact, (B) early post-impact and (C) late post-impact (Azad et al., 2012). The late syn-impact and early post-impact sediments were discussed in Azad et al. (2012). The present paper deals with the later stages of crater sedimentation, representing a shift from the initial dramatic episodes of crater sedimentation (during the late synto early postimpact stages) to relatively stable sedimentation during the late post-impact stage. ‘Late syn-impact’ sedimentation (Dypvik & Kalleson, 2010) within impact craters starts by collapse of the transient cavity and slumping back into the crater by different gravity and massflow processes. In an idealised simple crater model, these could include rock avalanches, debris avalanches or debris flows, depending on the physical properties of the target rock, dry or wet target surface (e.g., subaerial, subaqueous/shallow marine, deep marine), crater size, degree of slope failure, and temporal fluidisation of the sediments (Melosh, 1989). The ‘early post-impact’ crater sedimentation is more erosion dominated and occurred under water-saturated conditions in the case of marine craters (Dypvik & Kalleson, 2010). Sediments are derived from the crater walls and rim and deposited by gravity-controlled processes, e.g., debris flows, turbidity flows (for more details see Dypvik & Kalleson, 2010 and Azad et al., 2012). The late post-impact sedimentation is suspension dominated, consists mostly of fine-grained sediments and commonly represents part of a widespread regional succession. The sedimentation of the late post-impact crater-filling deposits has major importance as it preserves the record of the transition between impact-related (late syn-impact and early post-impact) crater sedimentation and late post-impact geological history.
Shape-temperature relationship of ice crystals in mixed-phase cloudsbased on observations with polarimetric cloud radar

This thesis is devoted to the experimental quantitative characterization of the shape and orientation distribution of ice particles in clouds. The characterization is based on measured and modeled elevation dependencies of the polarimetric parameters differential reflectivity and correlation coefficient. The polarimetric data is obtained using a newly developed 35GHz cloud radar MIRA-35 with hybrid polarimetric configuration and scanning capabilities. The full procedure chain of the technical implementation and the realization of the setup of the hybrid-mode cloud radar for the shape determination are presented. This includes the description of phase adjustments in the transmitting paths, the introduction of the general data processing scheme, correction of the data for the differences of amplifications and electrical path lengths in the transmitting and receiving channels, the rotation of the polarization basis by 45◦, the correction of antenna effects on polarimetric measurements, the determination of spectral polarimetric variables, and the formulation of a scheme to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Modeling of the polarimetric variables is based on existing backscattering models assuming the spheroidal representation of cloud scatterers. The parameters retrieved from the model are polarizability ratio and degree of orientation, which can be assigned to certain particle orientations and shapes. In the thesis the first quantitative estimations of ice particle shape at the top of liquidtopped clouds are presented. Analyzed ice particles were formed in the presence of supercooled water and in the temperature range from −20 ◦C to −3 ◦C. The estimation is based on polarizability ratios of ice particles measured by the MIRA-35 with hybrid polarimetric configuration, manufactured by METEK GmbH. For the study, 22 cases observed during the ACCEPT (Analysis of the Composition of Clouds with Extended Polarization Techniques) field campaign were used. Polarizability ratios retrieved for cloud layers with cloud-top temperatures of about −5, −8, −15, and −20 ◦C were 1.6, 0.9, 0.6, and 0.9, respectively. Such values correspond to prolate, quasi-isotropic, oblate, and quasi-isotropic particles, respectively. Data from a free-fall chamber were used for the comparison. A good agreement of detected shapes with well-known shape–temperature dependencies observed in laboratories was found.
Poverty and Survival Poverty and Survival Poverty and Survival

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ABSTRACT Poverty and Survival * A recent literature highlights the uncertainty concerning whether economic growth has any causal protective effect on health and survival. But equal rates of growth often deliver unequal rates of poverty reduction and absolute deprivation is more clearly relevant. Using state-level panel data for India, we contribute the first estimates of the impact of changes in poverty on infant survival. We identify a significant within-state relationship which persists conditional upon state income, indicating the size of survival gains from redistribution in favour of households below the poverty line. The poverty elasticity declines over time after 1981. It is invariant to controlling for income inequality but diminished upon controlling for education, fertility and state health expenditure, and eliminated once we introduce controls for omitted trends.
Identifying Capital Misallocation (cid:3)

Resource misallocation lowers aggregate productive e¢ ciency. The existing literature often infers the magnitude of misallocation from the dispersion of average revenue products. However, the methodology is subject to several identi(cid:133)cation issues. In particular, the estimator would be upward biased by the presence of unobserved heterogeneities in output and demand elasticities; adjustment costs; and measurement errors in the data. This paper develops a new method of identifying capital misallocation in environments where all the above factors can be present. Applying the method to (cid:133)rm-level datasets from China(cid:146)s industrial survey and Compustat, we (cid:133)nd that capital misallocation implies aggregate revenue losses of 20 percent for Chinese (cid:133)rms but virtually zero losses for large Compustat (cid:133)rms.
Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies

: The objective was to determine vitamin D status of Old Order Anabaptist children in rural Southwestern, Ontario, Canada, given concerns of community healthcare professionals. Fifty-two children (2.5 months - 6.5 years) (56% female) were recruited. Finger prick blood spot (BSp) samples were analyzed for 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamins D2 & D3 (BSp25(OH)D). Three-day food records were evaluated using Dietary Reference Intakes and Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) (Bush, et al. 2007). Compared to national Canadian data: mean BSp25(OH)D concentrations (78±31 nmol/L) were similar; a slightly smaller proportion (0% vs 2%) were at risk of deficiency (<30 nmol/L) or had inadequate status (4% vs 7%) (<40 nmol/L); and 10% vs 1% had BSp25(OH) D higher than 125 nmol/L. BSp25(OH)D was significantly associated (r2=0.358; p=0.001) with
Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B

SDTrimSP is a popular simulation program to compute several effects of the interaction between an impinging ion and a solid, such as ion implantation ranges, damage formation or sputtering of surface atoms. We now introduce a graphical user interface for SDTrimSP to make its operation more accessible for a broad group of users. It is written as a separate Python program and is not restricted to any specific operating system. The interface allows a quick and easy start as well as the direct evaluation of SDTrimSP simulations. Its capabilities are demonstrated here in the form of several example cases, including the dynamic simulations with SDTrimSP, where ion-induced target changes are taken into account. The presented graphical user interface is made freely available to support a large number of users in performing simulations of ion–solid interaction.
Randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of administering acidogenic boluses at dry-off on udder health, milk yield, and herd removal.

Acidogenic boluses can mitigate potential negative effects of high milk yield at dry-off on udder health. This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of administering acidogenic boluses at dry-off on dry period IMI dynamics and on milk production parameters, somatic cell count linear score (LSCC), clinical mastitis (CM), and herd removal in the next lactation. A total of 901 cows from 3 dairy farms were randomly allocated to a control (CON, n = 458; no administration of acidogenic boluses at dry-off) or treatment group (TRT, n = 443; administration of 2 acidogenic boluses at dry-off). Quarter milk samples were collected at dry-off and after calving and submitted for bacteriological milk culture. The effects of treatment on the presence of quarter-level postpartum IMI, cure of existing IMI, and acquisition of new IMI, and on the prevalence of cow-level high LSCC (LSCC ≥4) in the first 30 d in milk (DIM) were analyzed using mixed effects logistic regression. Mixed linear regression was used to analyze cow-level milk production parameters (i.e., milk yield, fat corrected milk, fat and protein yield, and LSCC) in the first 90 DIM and until 300 DIM. For CM and herd removal, Cox proportional hazard regression models were used. In addition to treatment group, lactation group at dry-off, presence of high LSCC in the last test-day, average milk yield in the week before dry-off, presence of CM in the lactation of enrollment, and biologically relevant interactions were offered in all models. There was no evidence of a difference in IMI dynamics or in milk, fat corrected milk, protein or fat yields in the subsequent lactation between groups. The TRT group had a lower LSCC in the first 2 mo postpartum compared with the CON group (2.58 ± 0.3 vs. 2.92 ± 0.3 and 2.42 ± 0.3 vs. 2.81 ± 0.3, for first and second month postpartum). The prevalence of high LSCC in the first 30 DIM was 9.1% lower in the TRT compared with the CON group (16.3% vs. 25.5%; risk difference: -9.2; 95% CI: -15.8, -2.5). Cows in the TRT group exhibited reduced hazards of CM in the subsequent lactation compared with cows in the CON group (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89) as well as a reduced hazard of herd removal (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.88). The administration of acidogenic boluses as a component of dry-off management is a promising approach to maintain good udder health and reduce the hazard of CM and herd removal during the subsequent lactation.
Crowdsourcing the curriculum: Redefining e-learning practices through peer-generated approaches

ABSTRACT Inclusion of open resources that employ a peer-generated approach is changing who learns what, from whom, and via what means. With these changes, there is a shift in responsibilities from the course designer to motivated and self-directed learner-participants. While much research on e-learning has addressed challenges of creating and sustaining participatory environments, the development of massive open online courses calls for new approaches that go beyond the existing research on participatory environments in institutionally defined classes. We decenter institutionally defined classes and broaden the discussion to the literature on the creation of open virtual communities and the operation of open online crowds. We draw on literatures on online organizing, learning science, and emerging educational practice to discuss how collaboration and peer production shape learning and enable “crowdsourcing the curriculum. ”
Predictors of Developing Renal Dysfunction Following Diagnosis of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis

Background: In patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA), renal dysfunction is a poor prognostic indicator. Limited data are available on variables that portend worsening renal function (wRF) among ATTR-CA patients. Objectives: This study assesses which characteristics place patients at higher risk for the development of wRF (defined as a drop of >/= 10% in GFR) within the first year following diagnosis of ATTR-CA. Methods: We included patients with ATTR-CA (n=134) evaluated between 2/2016 and 12/2022 and followed for up to one-year at our amyloid clinic. Patients were stratified into two groups: a group with maintained renal function (mRF) and a group with wRF and compared using appropriate testing. Significant variables in univariate analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model to determine characteristics associated with wRF. Results: Within a follow-up period of 326 +/-118 days, the median GFR% change measured -6% [-18%, +8]. About 41.8% (n=56) had wRF, while the remainder had mRF. In addition, in patients with no prior history of CKD, 25.5% developed de-novo CKD. On multivariable logistic regression, only NYHA class >/= III (OR: 3.9, 95% CI [1.6-9.3]), history of IHD (OR:0.3, 95% CI [0.1-0.7]), and receiving SGLT-2i (OR: 0.1, 95% CI [0.02-0.5]) were significant predictors of wRF. Conclusion: We demonstrate that the development of new or worsening renal dysfunction is common following the diagnosis of ATTR-CA. Additionally, we identified worse NYHA class and no prior history of IHD as significant predictors associated with developing wRF, while receiving SGLT2i appeared to be protective in this population.
Heritability of cognitive and emotion processing during functional MRI in a twin sample

Despite compelling evidence that brain structure is heritable, the evidence for the heritability of task‐evoked brain function is less robust. Findings from previous studies are inconsistent possibly reflecting small samples and methodological variations. In a large national twin sample, we systematically evaluated heritability of task‐evoked brain activity derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used established standardised tasks to engage brain regions involved in cognitive and emotional functions. Heritability was evaluated across a conscious and nonconscious Facial Expressions of Emotion Task (FEET), selective attention Oddball Task, N‐back task of working memory maintenance, and a Go‐NoGo cognitive control task in a sample of Australian adult twins (N ranged from 136 to 226 participants depending on the task and pairs). Two methods for quantifying associations of heritability and brain activity were utilised; a multivariate independent component analysis (ICA) approach and a univariate brain region‐of‐interest (ROI) approach. Using ICA, we observed that a significant proportion of task‐evoked brain activity was heritable, with estimates ranging from 23% to 26% for activity elicited by nonconscious facial emotion stimuli, 27% to 34% for N‐back working memory maintenance and sustained attention, and 32% to 33% for selective attention in the Oddball task. Using the ROI approach, we found that activity of regions specifically implicated in emotion processing and selective attention showed significant heritability for three ROIs, including estimates of 33%–34% for the left and right amygdala in the nonconscious processing of sad faces and 29% in the medial superior prefrontal cortex for the Oddball task. Although both approaches show similar levels of heritability for the Nonconscious Faces and Oddball tasks, ICA results displayed a more extensive network of heritable brain function, including additional regions beyond the ROI analysis. Furthermore, multivariate twin modelling of both ICA networks and ROI activation suggested a mix of common genetic and unique environmental factors that contribute to the associations between networks/regions. Together, the results indicate a complex relationship between genetic factors and environmental interactions that ultimately give rise to neural activation underlying cognition and emotion.
Independent and additive effects of binge drinking and obesity on liver enzymes: a cross-sectional analysis using the Korean National Health Insurance Service data

Abstract Background Binge drinking (BD) has been associated with elevated liver enzymes, but the joint association of BD and adiposity with liver enzymes is understudied. We aimed to examine the combined association of BD and obesity with elevated liver enzymes. Methods Data were obtained from 285,600 patients in the Korean National Health check-up program during 2009–2015. Level I BD (BD I) was defined as alcohol consumption of >60 g (men) or >40 g (women) on one occasion in the previous year. High-intensity BD (HIBD) corresponded to at least two times the BD I levels. General and abdominal obesity were defined by body mass index and waist circumference. Logistic regression was used to examine the independent and joint associations of BD and obesity with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. Relative excess risk (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI) were calculated to estimate the additive interaction effects. Results The mean age was 42.1 ± 0.03 years and 50.2% were women. Elevated ALT [odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.16], AST (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.23), and GGT (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.05–1.94) were associated with HIBD. Higher odds of elevated ALT (OR 3.57, 95% CI 3.43–3.71), AST (OR 3.47, 95% CI 3.37–3.58), and GGT (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.98–2.12) were observed in individuals with general obesity. A similar trend was observed for abdominal obesity. The RERI, AP, and SI for the interaction effect of BD and general obesity were 23%, 7%, and 13% for elevated AST levels, and 67%, 24%, and 58% for elevated GGT levels, respectively. Similar effects were observed for the interaction between BD and abdominal obesity. Conclusions Obesity aggravated the odds of elevated liver AST and GGT levels in HIBD.