Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress in Breeding Sclerotinia Blight-Resistant Runner-Type Peanut1

Abstract Field screening tests were conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1993 to identify Sclerotinia blight-resistant runner-type peanuts. Selections were made from three populations, “backcross to runner,” “backcross to Tamspan 90,” and “single cross. ” Runner parents were chosen for agronomic qualities and resistance to other pathogens. Resistant (Spanish) parents used were cultivar Tamspan 90 and TxAG-5 germplasm. Families within populations were planted as single row 3 × 0.9-m plots. Repeated plant-by-plant inspections (PBPI) were made for assessment of sequence of infection and subsequent calculation of an area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Most families in the backcross to Tamspan 90 population consistently had a disease reaction close to or lower than Tamspan 90 but also retained undesirable plant forms (i.e., upright). By 1993, the F2:5 backcross to runner population had the highest percentage of runner-type families (88%) and a mean disease reaction close to Tamspan 90. Whole plot evaluation .
The Quest for Audit Quality in the Public Sector

ABSTRACT We assess audit quality in the public sector of two European jurisdictions by using the model developed by English and Guthrie. Accordingly, we analysed the enabling legislations of the two supreme audit institutions in terms of the issues relating to (i) accountability to their respective parliaments; and (ii) independence from their respective executives. The results highlight strong legal provisions that enable independence, and point to some weaknesses regarding accountability. We show that, since the English and Guthrie model was developed in an Australasian context where state audits are designed on the private sector model, the model needs to be amended in order to apply in an European context.
The moderating effect of information technology capabilities on the relationship between marketing mix and corporate entrepreneurship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between marketing mix (MM), information technology capabilities (ITCAP) and corporate entrepreneurship (CE). Additionally, the study has attempted to address the moderating influence of ITCAP on MM–CE relationship. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the objectives of the study, data was collected from managers working in the upper and middle departments in some major Algerian banks. To test the hypotheses of the study, simple regression and PROCESS macro with moderated multiple regression were used. Findings The results of the study revealed that the MM and ITCAP positively affect entrepreneurship, and the ITCAP of banks and their interaction with the MM contributed positively to promoting entrepreneurship for companies through the moderate influence of ITCAP on the relationship between the MM and CE. Research limitations/implications It is very difficult to present the generalization of the results of this study because some of the major banks mainly drove the study sample. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further. Practical implications The results of the study suggested that policymakers in the banking sector in Algeria seriously consider developing the MM for its direct role in the CE. Specifically, the moderate role of ITCAP indicated that an effective alignment of the bank’s ITCAP with elements of the MM could enhance the entrepreneurship position of the bank. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the importance of these factors to foster entrepreneurship in the services sector. Originality/value The role of MM in CE has been overlooked in the extant literature, especially in the emerging economies. In addition, this study extends the body of knowledge through evaluating the moderating role of ITCAP using the effect of interaction in PROCESS macro with moderated multiple regression for path analysis.
Water relations in seed biology

As relacoes hidricas exercem um importante papel na biologia da semente. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou apresentar uma analise do comportamento do estado da agua no desenvolvimento e na germinacao da semente. As pesquisas mostram que o potencial hidrico da semente ou de suas estruturas pode constituir-se num indicador mais eficiente do estado da agua do que o teor de agua e que este estado apresenta um papel regulador no desenvolvimento e na germinacao de sementes.
Predictors of Walleye Growth and Survival in Michigan Hatchery Ponds

Abstract Walleyes Sander vitreus are extensively cultured across Michigan, with highly variable success resulting in substantial differences in growth and survival. The present study was undertaken in 2005 and 2006 to determine the relationship between abiotic components (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels), prey (zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrate) availability, and stocking density in ponds in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and the growth and survival of walleyes in these ponds. Besides fertilization of some of the ponds, there was no management of the ponds until harvest. Ponds were grouped by similarity of abiotic and biotic factors. Correlations among walleye length, weight, and stocking density, as well as between walleye percent survival and stocking density, provided contradictory results between years. Walleye growth and survival were correlated with planktonic prey densities and nutrient levels. Although these interactions among abiotic variables, prey availability, and w.
The evolving technology of DNA fingerprinting and its application to fisheries and aquaculture

In 1985, Alec Jeffreys reported the development of multilocus DNA fingerprinting by Southern blot-detection of hypervariable minisatellites or variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci. This technology found immediate application to various forensic and scientific problems, including fisheries and aquaculture. By 1989, however, it was recognized by many researchers that inherent problems exist in the application of multilocus fingerprinting to large sample sizes as might occur in fisheries and aquaculture genetic studies. As such, individual VNTRs were cloned for single-locus DNA fingerprinting. Although single-locus fingerprinting ameliorates many of the problems associated with multilocus DNA fingerprinting, it suffers from the problem that electrophorectic anomalies of band migration within and between gels necessitates binning of alleles, thus underestimating genetic variability in a given population. Amplification of microsatellite loci by the polymerase chain reaction, however, solved many of the problems of Southern blot-based DNA fingerprinting. Moreover, microsatellites exhibit attributes that make them particularly suitable as genetic markers for numerous applications in aquaculture and fisheries research: (1) they are abundant in the genome; (2) they display varying levels of polymorphism; (3) alleles exhibit codominant Mendelian inheritance; (4) minute amounts of tissue are required for assay (e.g., dried scales or otoliths); (5) loci are conserved in related species; (6) potential for automated assay. Recent innovations in DNA fingerprinting technology developed over the past 5 years are discussed with special emphasis on microsatellites and their application to fisheries and aquaculture, e.g., behavioural and population genetics of wild species, and selection and breeding programmes for aquaculture broodstock.
Isolation of the intercellular glycoproteins of desmosomes

To characterize the desmosome components that mediate intercellular adhesion and cytoskeletal-plasma membrane attachment, we prepared whole desmosomes and isolated desmosomal intercellular regions (desmosomal "cores") from the living cell layers of bovine muzzle epidermis. The tissue was disrupted in a nonionic detergent at low pH, sonicated, and the insoluble residue fractionated by differential centrifugation and metrizamide gradient centrifugation. Transmission electron microscopic analyses reveal that a fraction obtained after differential centrifugation is greatly enriched in whole desmosomes that possess intracellular plaques. Metrizamide gradient centrifugation removes most of the plaque material, leaving the intercellular components and the adjoining plasma membranes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with methods that reveal carbohydrate- containing moieties on gels demonstrate that certain proteins present in whole desmosomes are glycosylated. These glycoproteins are specifically and greatly enriched in the desmosome cores of which they are the principal protein constituents, and thus may function as the intercellular adhesive of the desmosome.
A Newborn Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Charging-Scheduling Algorithm in Industrial Rechargeable Sensor Networks

The Industrial Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network (IWRSN) is a sensor network used in industrial environments. In order to ensure a certain intensity of industrial monitoring and real-time industrial control, the network is equipped with mobile charger to supplement the energy for sensors according to the charging schedule. Because of the complexity of industrial environment, the monitoring area is firstly divided into grids and established a set of paths that can be driven by mobile chargers. On this basis, a newborn particle swarm optimization (NPSO) charging scheduling algorithm is proposed for the constraint of node working time window. The NPSO algorithm borrows the idea of fireworks algorithm to introduce newborn particles into the population, and improves the convergence speed of the algorithm, then applies it to the charging scheduling process. The NPSO charging algorithm firstly plans the initial scheduling path for the node that needs to be priority charging. The remaining nodes to be charged are then designed to search for the location of the initial path near their position and update the time window of the subsequent charging node. The simulation results show that the proposed newborn particle swarm optimization charging scheduling algorithm has superiority in energy utilization and node mortality compared with the existing charging scheduling algorithm.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE PEDUNCULATE BARNACLE OCTOLASMIS GRAY, 1825 EPIZOIC ON THE SCYLLARID LOBSTER, THENUS ORIENTALIS (LUND, 1793)

Cinquante-deux Thenus orientalis de Singapour ont ete examines; 43 (83%) etaient infestes par des Cirripedes pedoncules du genre Octolasmis. Dix T. orientalis d'une longueur moyenne de carapace egale a 60,8 mm ont ete disseques et tous les Cirripedes ont ete identifies et comptes. La position exacte de chacun sur l'hote a ete notee. O. warwickii etait present sur les cotes de la carapace ou sur les antennes et antennules de sept Thenus, habituellement 10-15 par animal. Un nouvelle forme, Octolasmis sp. a, se trouvait sur un specimen seulement: les 26 Cirripedes etaient tous attaches du cote interne, le long du bord mesial de la carapace de l'hote. O. tridens, espece la plus abondante, etait sur les dix hotes. Les 2379 individus etaient attaches du cote externe sur les appendices buccaux et du cote interne autour des epipodites et de la base des branchies, le long du bord mesial de la carapace et dans l'ouverture excurrente de l'hote. Les 652 O. lowei se trouvaient sur neuf Thenus dans la chambre branchiale, le long du bord interne de la carapace, autour des bases des epipodites, et sur les branchies. Les sites occupes par O. tridens et O. lowei etaient differents, mais un grand nombre de specimens des deux especes, 1132 O. tridens et 352 O. lowei, etaient fixes sur les podobranchies et les epipodites.
The genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) in the Andaman Islands with a new record

Cuscuta campestris Yuncker is recorded as a novum in the Andaman Islands (India). Its habitat was dominated by the association of weeds and adventive species. It has been found that C. campestris is not host specific, but rather habitat specific. The species parasitised every plant which came into contact with it. A new taxonomic key and illustrations is provided to distinguish it from the other species of Cuscuta in the archipelago.
DOSE RESPONSE AND SELECTION FOR PROPETAMPHOS RESISTANCE IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF LUCILIA CUPRINA (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)

The toxicological response of field populations of Lucilia cuprina to propetamphos was correlated to that of diazinon suggesting that resistance to propetamphos is a direct consequence of existing diazinon resistance. However, the level of resistance to propetamphos was generally low in field strains despite diazinon resistance being close to fixation in wild populations. A laboratory selection of first instar larvae with propetamphos increased resistance more than 4‐fold. Resistance also increased to diazinon (3.7x), chlorfenvinphos (6.3x) and coumaphos (4.8x).
Mass Mortality of Cage-cultured Orange-spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides Associated with Renal Sphaerosporosis Caused by Sphaerospora epinepheli in South China Sea

In November 2011, the renal sphaerosporosis was found in cage-cultured orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides in a fish farm in Guangdong, China. The infected fish exhibited emaciation, anaemia, anorexia, renomegaly, slight splenomegaly, and occasionally skin ulcer. The cumulative mortality reached at 50% to 80% within 2 weeks, when water temperature ranged from 21 degrees C to 27 degrees C. The renal tubules were almost completely occluded by sporogonic pseudoplasmodia of a myxosporean, and mature spores were found in the lumen. Combined with morphological, histopathological, and molecular analyses, Sphaerospora epinepheli was suggested as the etiological agent. This is the first report of mortality case of cultured E. coioides associated with S. epinepheli.
Does Episodic Memory Training Improve Episodic Memory of Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease?

To date, it is unclear whether cognitive intervention on episodic memory (EM) is effective in improving all or a subset of EM components in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, this study investigated effects of EM training on the elderly aged over 65 with AD. For this study, 13 AD patients and 16 healthy older adults were recruited. The pre- and post-test for components of EM was a memory task designed to test memory for object identity (“what”), spatial location (“where”), and temporal order (“when”). Training in the AD group consisted of 16 sessions of practice remembering temporal sequences of different objects being hidden in various locations. At pre-test, accuracy on the “where” and “when” conditions were impaired in the AD patients compared with the healthy elderly (p < 0.01). At post-test, accuracy on the “where” condition was significantly improved (p < 0.05) whereas, there were no significant improvements on the “what” and “when” conditions (p > 0.05). Interestingly, there were no significant improvements in standard neuropsychological measures. These findings suggest that AD, in its early stages, selectively impaired spatial and temporal memory rather than object memory. Additionally, it was observed that EM training in AD had different effects depending on the components of EM.
HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY DEMAND IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA

The current demand of electrical energy is a necessity in performing human activities. The demand is increasing every year with the increase in community welfare and electronic equipment finding. The research aims to know factors influencing household electricity demand. The research uses cross-section data of household electricity consumers. Data collected are processed and analyzed using multiple regression analysis double log method. The research results indicate that factors influencing the electricity demand for household group with low electric power installed include: the amount of power of the electronic appliances used and household income, whereas for household group with medium electric power was positively and significantly influenced by: The amount of power of the electronic appliances used, household income, number of family member and number of room. For group with high electric power it was positively and significantly influenced by the amount of power of the electronic equipments used, number of room, number of family member and building area. Hence, to minimize the electrical energy usage, it is required the use of power saving electronic appliances.
Numerical reproduction of traditional classifications and automatic vegetation identification.

Questions: Is it possible to develop an expert system to provide reliable automatic identifications of plant communities at the precision level of phytosociological associations? How can unreliable expert-based knowledge be discarded before applying supervised classification methods? Material: We used 3677 releves from Catalonia (Spain), belonging to eight orders of terrestrial vegetation. These releves were classified by experts into 222 low-level units (associations or sub-associations). Methods: We reproduced low-level, expert-defined vegetation units as independent fuzzy clusters using the Possibilistic C-means algorithm. Those releves detected as transitional between vegetation types were excluded in order to maximize the number of units numerically reproduced. Cluster centroids were then considered static and used to perform supervised classifications of vegetation data. Finally, we evaluated the classifier's ability to correctly identify the unit of both typical (i.e. training) and transitional releves. Results: Only 166 out of 222 (75%) of the original units could be numerically reproduced. Almost all the unrecognized units were sub-associations. Among the original releves, 61% were deemed transitional or untypical. Typical releves were correctly identified 95% of the time, while the efficiency of the classifier for transitional data was only 64%. However, if the second classifier's choice was also considered, the rate of correct classification for transitional releves was 80%. Conclusions: Our approach stresses the transitional nature of releve data obtained from vegetation databases. Releve selection is justified in order to adequately represent the vegetation concepts associated with expert-defined units.
Effect of Type and Concentration of Algal Food (Chlorella Vulgaris and Scenedesmus Acutus) on the Population Dynamics of Daphnia Ambigua Scourfield, 1947 (Cladocera, Daphniidae)

We quantified changes in the population abundance of Daphnia ambigua , separately cultured on Chlorella vulgaris or Scenedesmus acutus , respectively, at three different algal concentrations (dry weight, 1.45, 4.35, and 13.05 μ g ml –1 ). These population growth experiments were carried out for 30 days under laboratory conditions, with the medium and the algal food (at the initial density) renewed daily. Our study showed that a population of D . ambigua grew well on either Chlorella vulgaris or Scenedesmus acutus , when offered as an exclusive diet. Regardless of the algal type, increased algal density generally resulted in an increased population abundance of D . ambigua . The peak population abundance of D . ambigua was approximately 6 ind.ml –1 on Chlorella , at a concentration of 4.35 μ g ml –1 . The rate of population increase of D . ambigua varied from 0.123 ± 0.012 to 0.224 ± 0.006 per day, depending on the algal species and its concentration. Daily population growth rates of D . ambigua when plotted as a function of population density, yielded an inverse relationship. These results are interpreted in terms of population growth characteristics of various species of Daphnia from the literature. Se cuantificaron los cambios en la densidad poblacional de Daphnia ambigua , cultivadas por separado con las algas Chlorella vulgaris y Scenedesmus acutus en 3 diferentes concentraciones (peso seco, 1,45, 4,35 y 13,05 μ g ml –1 ). Los experimentos de crecimiento poblacional se llevaron a cabo durante 30 dias bajo condiciones del laboratorio, con el medio y la densidad de alga diariamente renovada. El estudio mostro que la poblacion de D . ambigua crecio de manera similar con ambos tipos de alga, cuando se ofrece como una dieta exclusiva cualquiera de ellas. En general, independientemente del tipo de alga, el aumento en la concentracion de alimento resulto en un incremento aumento en la densidad de la poblacion de D . ambigua . La densidad poblacional maxima de D . ambigua fue aproximadamente de 6 ind.ml –1 con C . vulgaris a una concentracion de 4,35 μ g ml –1 . La tasa de crecimiento poblacional de D . ambigua vario de 0,123 ± 0,012 a 0,224 ± 0,006 d –1 , dependiendo de la concentracion y tipo de alga. Las tasas de crecimiento diario de D . ambigua cuando se graficaron en funcion de la densidad poblacional, se obtuvo una relacion inversa. Estos resultados se interpretan en terminos de crecimiento poblacional de las diferentes especies de Daphnia segun la literatura disponible.
Cryptic maternal effects in Hippodamia convergens vary with maternal age and body size

Maternal effects can mold progeny phenotypes in various ways and may constitute ecological adaptations. By examining the effect of oviposition sequence on progeny produced by different size classes of female ladybird beetles (produced by controlling larval access to food), we show that maternal signals can change through adult life and alter the developmental programs of progeny, ostensibly to synchronize their life histories with predictable resource dynamics, thus maximizing maternal fitness. We also show that female body size, as determined by larval food supply, interacts with female age to influence progeny fitness. When fed ad libitum as adults, small females reared with limited food access laid fewer, smaller eggs than large females reared with ad libitum food access. Maternal body size interacted with oviposition sequence to influence progeny development, but the latter had greater impact. Eggs laid later by medium and large females hatched faster than those laid earlier, larvae fed longer in the fourth instar, their pupation period was shorter, total developmental time was reduced, and adults emerged with greater mass, most notably daughters. Oviposition sequence effects on progeny from small mothers were non‐significant for total developmental time and progeny mass. Only large mothers increased egg size over time and egg mass was not consistently correlated with developmental parameters, indicating that progeny phenotype was impacted by other, more cryptic, maternal signals. Such signals appear costly, as food limitation during development constrained not only fecundity and egg size but also maternal ability to manipulate progeny phenotype. The production of faster‐developing offspring that mature to larger sizes late in the oviposition cycle may be adaptive for exploitation of ephemeral aphid outbreaks with predictable dynamics of prey abundance and competition.
Cultivar × binary mixture interaction effect on agronomic traits in orchardgrass

A study was conducted from 2009 to 2012 to evaluate and characterize the agronomic value of seven agronomic traits, including dry matter yield and forage quality of 25 orchardgrass cultivars grown in monoculture and binary mixtures with alfalfa. The irrigated Millville, UT, USA (41°41′24″N, 111°49′48″W) field site was characterized by a semiarid climate and elevation over 1300 m. The cultivar × mixture interaction was significant for all traits but flag leaf height, and contained a substantial crossover component among the cultivars. Differences among cultivar means were significant for all traits in both the monoculture and mixture settings. Yet, concordance for high cultivar performance in both monoculture and mixture was low. Thus, the strong underlying cultivar × mixture interaction found in this study complicates the identification of best cultivars in both settings. Yet, for each trait cultivars were identified that possessed statistically high phenotypic performance under the monoculture and mixed sward conditions. Thus, despite the substantial cultivar × environment effect, it should be possible to develop orchardgrass cultivars with improved agronomic performance under both management conditions.