Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of food types of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on biological aspects and life table of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

In the present work, laboratory and field strains of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepdoptera: Pyralidae) were reared on two food types (artificial diet for laboratory strain and wax frames for field strain) to study some biological aspects of the developmental stages of braconid wasp, Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) the parasitoid of G. mellonella. Results of total developmental period, percentages of adults’ emergence and longevity of females of the parasitoid are different when reared on two strains of G. mellonella. Total developmental period of the immature stages was shorter on field strain (47.26 days) than that reared on laboratory strain of G. mellonella recording 57.5 days. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the longevity of adult females reared on the two strains, where the longevity period was 25.33 and 26.3 days in laboratory and field strains, respectively. Also, life cycle of immature stages, longevity of adults and reproductive parameters of the parasitoid A. galleriae were determined. The fecundity of A. galleria decreased when reared on laboratory strain of G. mellonella; it was 140 progeny/females and increased to 177.3 progeny/females when A. galleria was reared on G. mellonella field strain. On the other hand, the sex ratio of the parasitoid and longevity are different between the two strains. Results of the life tables for G. mellonella and the parasitoid, A. galleria strains, showed shortage in generation periods for that reared on the field strain. The present study was conducted to explore the effect of food types on some biological parameters of G. mellonella and its parasitoid, A. galleria.
A novel self‐consistent Nývlt‐like equation for metastable zone width determined by the polythermal method

Using a power‐law relation between three‐dimensional nucleation rate J and dimensionless supersaturation ratio S, and the theory of regular solutions to describe the temperature dependence of solubility, a novel Nývlt‐like equation of metastable zone width of solution relating maximum supercooling ΔTmax with cooling rate R is proposed in the form: ln(ΔTmax/T0) = Φ + β lnR, with intercept Φ = {(1–m)/m }ln(ΔHs/RGTlim) + (1/m)ln(f/KT0) and slope β = 1/m. Here T0 is the initial saturation temperature of solution in a cooling experiment, ΔHs is the heat of dissolution, RG is the gas constant, Tlim is the temperature of appearance of first nuclei, m is the nucleation order, and K is a new nucleation constant connected with the factor f defined as the number of particles per unit volume. It was found that the value of the term Φ for a system at saturation temperature T0 is essentially determined by the constant m and the factor f. The value of the factor f for a solute–solvent system at initial saturation temperature T0 is determined by solute concentration c0. Analysis of the experiment data for four different solute‐water systems according to the above equation revealed that: (1) the values of Φ and m for a system at a given temperature depend on the method of detection of metstable zone width, and (2) the value of slope β = 1/m for a system is practically a temperature‐independent constant characteristic of the system, but the value of Φ increases with an increase in saturation temperature T0, following an Arrhenius‐type equation with an activation energy Esat. The results showed, among others, that solubility of a solute is an important factor that determines the value of the nucleation order m and the activation energy Esat for diffusion. In general, the lower the solubility of a solute in a given solvent, the higher is the value of m and lower is the value of Esat. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterizing the Dependence of Gas Diffusion Coefficient on Soil Properties

Knowledge of the gaseous diffusion coefficient is necessary to properly model gas movement in porous media. In this study, a nonreactive tracer (freon-12) and a reactive tracer (hexafluorobenzene) were used to evaluate the relationship between the ratio of the gas diffusion coefficient in soil (D g s ) to that in free air (D g a ) and the volumetric air content (a) with a two-chamber diffusion system. The measured D g s /D g a values in our experiments (i.e., the relative gas diffusion coefficients) showed a similar relationship to air content as data obtained from various studies reported in the literature. Our data and values taken from other studies were used to test the validity of various models. When compared with data obtained from experiments with disturbed soils, the Penman model D g s /D g a = 0.66 a was found to overestimate the measured relative diffusion coefficient, whereas the Millington-Quirk model D g s /D g a = a 10/3 /φ 2 , where φ is the soil porosity, underestimated it. Another Millington-Quirk relationship D g s /D g a = a 2 /φ 2/3 , which has been largely overlooked in the literature, was found to provide significantly better agreement with measured relative diffusion coefficients in various disturbed soils of different texture. On the contrary, no universal relationship was found when data from both disturbed and undisturbed soil experiments were evaluated. The Troeh model D g s /D g a = [(a - u)/(1 - u)] v had the flexibility to fit all of the experimental data when both of the model parameters were varied simultaneously ; however, no obvious correlation was found between soil properties and the parameters. The limitations of any universal form for gas tortuosity model in natural soils were analyzed with percolation theory.
Growth of Super Long Aligned Brush-Like Carbon Nanotubes

Efficient chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of super long (7 mm) aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high-density is reported here. Activity of catalyst nanoparticles has been achieved for very long time periods (ca. 12 h) by optimization of experimental parameters. The relative levels of ethylene and water, as well as those of ethylene and H2, were found to be most important for achieving extended-time activity of the catalyst. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed that the nanotubes were mainly double-walled, but very few single-walled and multi-walled nanotubes were also present in the sample.
Bio‐ethanol production to be blended with gasoline: Improvements in energy use by adsorption

Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the liquid‐phase adsorption of ethanol from ethanol–water solutions. Experiments performed established the kinetic and equilibrium behaviour of the various adsorbents in solution. The experiments with the ZSM‐5 adsorbents indicate that the silica to alumina ratio had little effect on the ethanol–water separation at low ethanol concentrations. In general, ZSM‐5 adsorbents were outperformed by the activated carbon adsorbents, which showed higher adsorption capacities. The capacity of activated carbon adsorbents correlated strongly with cumulative pore volume and Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) surface area.
Οδούς εντός οδόντος (dens in dente):

ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ: Ο όρος οδούς εντός οδόντος (dens in dente ή αλλιώς dens invaginatus) αφορά την ανωμαλία κατά τη διάπλαση του δοντιού, κατά την οποία το όργανο της αδαμαντίνης εμβυθίζεται στην οδοντική θηλή, έχοντας ως αποτέλεσμα τη δημιουργία δομής όμοιας με δόντι στο εσωτερικό ενός δοντιού. Παρουσιάζουμε ένα περιστατικό και τη διαχείρισή του, λόγω συνοδής επιπλοκής με δημιουργία αποστήματος. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζεται συστηματική ανασκόπηση των πληθυσμιακών μελετών με βάση τις διεθνείς μηχανές αναζήτησης MEDLINE και Google Scholar. Συνολικά, προέκυψαν 28 μελέτες που φαίνεται να εμφανίζουν διακυμάνσεις στην επίπτωση από 0,3-26%. Το εύρος αυτό μπορεί να οφείλεται σε παράγοντες όπως οι διαγνωστικές δυσκολίες, οι διαφορές στις ομάδες παρατήρησης και τα χρησιμοποιούμενα κριτήρια για τη διάγνωση. Το φαινόμενο αυτό παρουσιάζεται συχνότερα σε πλαγίους της άνω γνάθου με πολλές περιπτώσεις να διαλανθάνουν της προσοχής, γεγονός το οποίο σχετίζεται με αυξημένη πιθανότητα λοίμωξης και επέκτασης τοπικά ή και σε παρακείμενα τραχηλοπροσωπικά διαστήματα. Καθώς αυξάνεται η πιθανότητα επιπλοκών, θα πρέπει να συμπεριλαμβάνεται στη διαγνωστική σκέψη του κλινικού και να γίνεται προσεκτική διαχείριση ανάλογων περιπτώσεων.
NMR and NBO calculation of benzimidazoles and pyrimidines: Nano physical parameters investigation

Six theoretical methods were used for the calculation of physical parameters for derivatives of pyrimidines and benzimidazols. We used Gaussian 98 at NMR and NBO calculations by using HF method with 6-31G, 6-31G* and 6-31+G basis set and B3LYP, BLYP and B3PW91 methods with 6-31G basis set. Chemical shift was drawn curve for all of the atoms in each molecule. The thermo chemical
Drying of Fennel Plants: Oven, Freeze Drying, Effect of Freeze-Drying Time, and Use of Biopolymers

Fennel plants were oven and freeze dried. The influence of freeze-drying time on the concentration of the two main components, trans-anethole and isoanethole, of its essential oil was evaluated. Drying time up to 15 h led to 50% reduction of moisture content with minor increase in volatile losses, whereas drying time greater than 15 h resulted in a dried product with an aroma profile closer to the fresh one. Moreover, starch solutions and gelatin gels were tested as surface barriers. Both led to reduction of aroma compounds losses, but their concentration and state seemed to have no effect on this behavior.
Thermally Driven Giant Bending of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Films with Hybrid Alignment

We have investigated the thermally induced bending deformation of nematic elastomers with hybrid alignment (HNEs) where the director continuously rotates by 90° (from planar alignment to vertical alignment) between the top and bottom surfaces. The flat specimen of nematic gel in the preparation state exhibits a considerable bending when allowed to deswell to the dry state. The curvature of the dried elastomer film markedly depends on temperature. The curvature in the nematic state increases with heating, and the film apparently becomes flat at a certain temperature. Further heating induces the bending in the opposite direction. In the high-temperature isotropic state, the curvature is independent of temperature. This bending deformation is thermally reversible. We successfully interpret the temperature dependence of curvature for the HNEs assuming a linear variation of strain in the thickness direction on the basis of the thermally uniaxial deformation of the nematic elastomers with globally planar or ver.
Flow and mixing characteristics of a retreat curve impeller in a conical-based vessel

Many of the chemical reactor vessels used in the pharmaceuticals industries are glass-lined to provide corrosion prevention and to avoid product contamination. Typically these reactors contain retreat curve impellers, which may have been modified to fit into a conical-based vessel. The latter are designed for ease of product discharge and prevention of batch to batch contamination. Thus pharmaceutical processes often use non-standard impellers and unusual stirred tank reactor geometries, compared to those found in other chemical processes; these geometries are not covered by the standard correlations in the literature. In this work experiments and computational fluid dynamics calculations have been conducted for a retreat curve impeller in a 0.29 m diameter, conical-based vessel. Power numbers have been obtained experimentally and computationally for a range of impeller clearances and baffling arrangements and correction factors have been proposed to account for the effect of the conical base and partial baffles. Experimentally, liquid blending operations have been shown to occur rather quickly in these vessels, mainly due to the large D/T impellers used. Just-suspended impeller speeds for solids suspension have been measured experimentally and correlated using Zwietering's equation; values of the Zwietering's s parameter are proposed for a range of liquid fill levels, impeller clearances and baffle arrangements.
Fractionation of Pre‐Hydrolysis Products from Lignocellulosic Biomass by an Ultrafiltration Ceramic Tubular Membrane

Abstract Development of the lignocellulosic‐biomass‐based biorefinery for making transportation fuels requires the production of valuable byproducts, minimizing the chemical consumables, and efficient water recovery and reuse. Our focus is on a liquid stream containing a variety of soluble lignin species and alkalinity that is produced by a novel extrusion reactor that was used to break down corn stover to cellulose, sugar acids, and lignin. We report on the ambient temperature fractionation of this byproduct stream with a γ‐alumina ceramic tubular membrane. There are four primary figures‐of‐merit investigated in this study: permeance decline, total organic carbon recovery (TOC) and sodium recovery, and the average molecular mass of organic compounds rejected and permeated. These fractionation results are compared relative to differing feed compositions, recovery, and flux. There was definite fractionation between organic (mostly soluble lignin) compounds. The average molar mass of the organic compounds in the permeate remained around 1000 g/mol; however, they ranged from 1500–4000 g/mol in the retentate. In contrast to the TOC, there was no rejection of sodium ions by the membrane (a desirable objective.) With respect to flux decline, the primary form of resistance (>99%), causing significant permeance decline, was a gel/deposition layer formed on the membrane surface. However, this could be flushed away with periodic rinses using water and/or 0.1 M NaOH. After operation at a cumulative filtration load of ∼4.9 Mg/m2 with various soluble lignin containing streams, 70% of the membrane's virgin pure water permeance could be recovered by a more vigorous cleaning with 0.1 M NaOH including soaking and permeation. Our results seem very consistent with those previously observed for membrane applications within the pulp and paper industry.
The Nature of the Surface Charge of Kaolinite

It is well known that kaolinite has a heterogeneous surface charge. The basal surface of kaolinite is believed to carry a constant structural charge which is attributed to the isomorphous substitution of Si 4+ by A13+. The charge on the edges is due to the protonation/ deprotonation of surface hydroxyl groups and therefore depends on the solution pH. This view was originally presented by van Olphen ( 1951) and supported by many other researchers in this field (Schofield and Samson, 1954; Flegmann et al., 1969; Rand and Melton, 1977; van Olphen, 1977; Williams and Williams, 1978). For the convenience of discussion, we will call this model CBSC-Constant Basal Surface Charge in the following text. However, in their isotopically labelled ion exchange experiments, Ferris and Jepson (1975) found that the cation uptake by the kaolinite surface depends upon the cation chosen, the electrolyte concentration, and the solution pH. They concluded that a structural charge does not exist on the basal surface of their samples. In a later study, Bolland et al. (1976) showed that dissolved A13+ may compete with index cations (Na +, K +, etc.) and account for most of the cation exchange capacity at low pH. They concluded that "most of the negative surface charge on the kaolinites is pH independent and is likely to be due to isomorphous substitution. " With respect to the current interests in the modelling of the electrophoretic behaviors (Fair and Anderson, 1989), the particle interactions (Chow, 1991; James and Williams, 1982), and the transport (Cerda, 1987) of kaolinite, the fundamental issue of the origin of the surface charge of kaolinite deserves more attention. Any attempt to model the behaviors of kaolinite, whether particle interaction or its transport in hydrocarbon reservoirs, requires a physical model to describe the charge distribution on the kaolinite surfaces. Thus, the nature of the charge on the basal surface of kaolinite becomes very important to each and all of the modelling efforts. In this note, the origin of the surface charge of kaolinite is discussed in the light of the surface charge density. We will show that the CBSC model can not account for the data on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and net proton charge density of kaolinite.
MANAGED DEVELOPMENT OF TREE ROOTS. I. ULTRA-DEEP ROOTBALL AND ROOT BARRIER EFFECTS ON EUROPEAN HACKBERRY

Four-year-old seedlings of European hackberry (Celtis australis) with rootballs 35 cm (14 in.) and 70 cm (28 in.) deep, were field planted in northern California in April 1986 to compare root development as affected by rootball depth and a casing that fit snugly around the rootball to function as a root barrier. Three growing seasons later, the roots of each tree were excavated to a 32-cm depth in an area within approximately 1 m radius from the trunk and the dry weights of these roots determined. Root weight was significantly different between the two root barrier treatments but not between the two rootball depths. Resume. Des semis de micocoulier de Provence {Celtis australis) en mottes de 35 a 70 cm de profondeur ont ete plantes en champs dans le nord de la Californie afin de determiner si le developpement des racines etait affecte par 1) la profondeurde la motte et par2) la barriere au developpement racinaire qui entourait de fagon serree la motte. Apres trois saisons de croissance, les racines de tous les arbres ont ete deterrees a une profondeur de 32 cm et jusqu'a une distance de 1 m du tronc; la masse des racines assechees a ete ensuite mesuree. La masse en racines etait significativementdifferente entre les deux types de traitement de barriere racinaire, mais ne I'etait pas entre les deux profondeurs de mottes.
Improved Outcomes in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Following

Objective: We aim to assess the influence of antihistamines as an adjunctive therapy in children with JIA who also have co-existing mild to moderate AR. Methods: Fifty-two JIA patients with AR were enrolled and consecutively randomized. The control group comprised 26 patients who were treated with methotrexate (MTX) 10-15 mg/m2/week orally for 12 months and enteric-coated diclofenac sodium 0.5-2 mg/kg/day orally for 12 weeks. The test group comprised 26 patients who received adjunctive therapy with oral and intranasal antihistamines for 12 months, in addition to MTX and diclofenac. The responses were evaluated using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) pediatric (Pedi) 30/50/70 criteria, AR score, 27-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS-27), and laboratory variables. Results: At 3 and 6 months follow-up, significantly more patients in the antihistamine treatment group achieved ACR Pedi50 and ACR Pedi70 responses(at 3 months, 73.1% to 19.2%, 38.5% to 7.7%; at 6 months, 96.2% to 53.8%, 76.9% to 19.2%, respectively, all p<0.01). In the antihistamine group the AR score correlated with JADAS-27 at baseline, 3 months and 6 months (r=0.946, r=0.909 and r=0.964, respectively). During 12 months of follow-up, there were significantly fewer JIA flares in the antihistamine group (0.8 ± 0.7 vs. 2.2 ± 1.4, p<0.01). Conclusions: JIA patients with concurrent AR who receive effective antihistamine treatment for their AR may have better outcomes in terms of JIA control.
Evaluation of lockdown impact on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics through viral genome 1 quantification in Paris wastewaters 2

2 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France 7 3 Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, 75005 PARIS, e-LTER Zone Atelier 8 Seine, France Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université de Paris, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions 9 (LJLL), F-75005 Paris, France et Institut Universitaire de France 10 5 Department of Virology, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées. 1Place du Général 11 Valérie André. BP73. 91223 BRETIGNY-SUR-ORGE 12
Studying the Effect of Some Surfactants on Drag Reduction of Crude Oil Flow

The influence of SDBS, SLS, SLES, and SS as drag reducing agents on flow of Iraqi crude oil in pipelines was investigated in the present work. The effect of additive type, additive concentration, pipe diameter, solution flow rate, and the presence of elbows on the percentage of drag reduction (%Dr) and the amount of flow increases (%FI) was addressed. The maximum drag reduction was 55% obtained at 250 ppm SDBS surfactant flowing in straight pipes of 0.0508 m I.D. The dimensional analysis was used for grouping the significant quantities into dimensionless groups to reduce the number of variables. The results showed good agreement between the observed drag reduction percent values and the predicted ones with high value of the correlation coefficient.
Hollow Cathode Ignition and Life Model

The Hollow Cathode Assembly is a thermionic source of electrons critical to the operation of the L-3 ETI Xenon Ion Propulsion System (XIPS) thruster. There are two cathode subsystems on a XIPS thruster: the discharge cathode provides the current for the main discharge and the neutralizer cathode produces an electron stream to prevent the spacecraft from charging. There are two phases to the operation of the cathode: 1) a pre- heat phase during which an external heater prepares the cathode for ignition and 2) a self- heating phase that follows ignition. We will describe a detailed physical model of the cathode. Use of the model to characterize the expected life of the device was validated using published NASA data and internal L-3 ETI life test data. Nomenclature
Cholesteric star-shaped liquid crystals induced by a maltose core: synthesis and characteristics

Three esters of maltose (A1–A3) with 4–(4–(alkoxybenzoyloxy)phenoxy) –6–oxohexanoic acid (b1–b3) side-arms have been synthesised. All the maltose derivatives were laevo-rotationary, unlike their parent cores. The side arm b1 did not display liquid crystalline (LC) properties, and b2 and b3 displayed thermotropic nematic LC properties. The star-shaped compound (SSC) A1 with b1 side-arms did not display a mesomorphic phase. Unlike the nematic schlieren texture provided by side-arms b2 and b3, the star-shaped liquid crystals (SSLC) A2 and A3 displayed Grandjean and oily texture in the cholesteric phase. The results suggest that the LC properties of the side-arms have an important influence on the formation of LC properties in an SSC, and that the maltose core is important in determining the mesomorphic phase type. In other words, the SSC displayed LC properties only when the side-arms were also LC, and the maltose core induced a cholesteric phase in the SSLC with nematic side-arms. The mesomorphic regions for A2 and A3 were 39.1 and 53.7°C during the heating cycle and 63.8 and 107.0°C during the cooling cycle, respectively. The longer terminal chain rendered the mesomorphic region broader.
The effects of clear‐felling subalpine coniferous forests on soil physical and chemical properties in the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Establishing soil quality changes following clear‐felling is important for guiding the sustainable management of forests. In this study we identified changes after 4, 5, 10 and 17 yr in soil physical and chemical properties from clear‐felling in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. These properties were also compared with those of soil from an adjacent primary forest. The results show that: (i) bulk density at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layer continuously increased; (ii) soil C and total N in the 0–20 cm soil layer continuously declined following clear‐felling; and (iii) available soil nutrients and exchangeable cations were significantly influenced by clear‐felling. Almost all soil properties showed deteriorating trends within a short time from clear‐felling and subsequent seasonal grazing by cattle. Therefore, improved management is imperative for sustaining soil quality and maintaining the long‐term nutrient balance in clear‐cut stands. The cessation of anthropogenic activities such as grazing should be the main strategy for soil restoration in clear‐felled areas.