Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 42 (4): 663–668 (2007)

This is an observational study that describes the use of prey by jumping spiders (Phidippus audax and Salticus scenicus) in the field. Spider diets in the field were examined in terms of prey size and taxonomic family. Five percent of S. scenicus diet and 23% P. audax diet were comprised of other spider species. P. audax’s predations on S. scenicus as well as S. scenicus feeding on juvenile P. audax were also observed (mutual predation). In addition, these spiders largely shared common prey, providing evidence of mutual intraguild predation in the field. To explicitly analyze the patterns of prey utilization in prey size, three likelihood models were constructed: 1) no difference in prey between large and small spiders, 2) disproportionate difference in prey size between spider size classes, and 3) proportional difference in prey size between spider size classes. Model selection indicated that both species of spiders utilized a distinct distribution of prey size based on their own size. P. audax’s prey-size distribution was disproportionately different to their own size classes whereas such evidence was absent for S. scenicus. This difference between prey-size distribution is likely due to the morphological constraints of spiders (i.e., small spiders cannot attack large prey). Furthermore, large spiders included large prey as part of their diet in addition to small prey, rather than more exclusively shifting to forage on large prey. The field observation revealed potentially general and important species interactions that are not commonly explored in current intraguild predation (IGP) models.
In vivo Ca 2 + imaging in the endoplasmic reticulum with an optimized GFP-aequorin sensor Abbreviated Title : Ca 2 + imaging of endoplasmic reticulum in vivo

Proper functioning of organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the Golgi apparatus requires luminal accumulation of Ca at high concentrations. Genetically encoded Ca indicators are invaluable tools for monitoring intra-organellar Ca signals in vitro, but the presently available sensors have proven to be of limited value for in vivo use. Here we describe a low affinity Ca sensor of the GFP-Aequorin Protein (GAP) family optimized for measurements in high Ca concentration environments. This indicator is ratiometric, insensitive to Mg and to pH, and easy to calibrate. It can be used in combination with other indicators for simultaneous imaging of ER and cytosolic Ca. We generated transgenic animal models (flies and mice) for the improved GAPs targeted to the ER, where functional Ca transients could readily be detected. The utility of the ER sensor was demonstrated under three experimental paradigms: i) ER Ca oscillations in cultured astrocytes, ii) ex vivo functional mapping of ER cholinergic receptors in acute hippocampal slices from transgenic mice, and iii) in vivo sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca dynamics in the muscle of transgenic flies. Our results provide proof of concept for the suitability of the new biosensors to monitor Ca dynamics inside intracellular organelles under physiological conditions and open an avenue to explore complex Ca signalling in animal models of health and disease.
E – Learning Barriers as Perceived by Students in the Faculty of Nursing at Tanta University

Background: With the increase in number of courses being offered online, there is an increase in the need for professional development support for nursing students to learn online. Most nursing students face the same sources of e – learning barriers and many challenges. Aim: of this study is to examine e – learning barriers as perceived by students in Faculty of Nursing at Tanta University Design: descriptive explorative study was used in the study. Subject: consisted of 400 undergraduates nursing students were selected randomly from each four academic year. Tools: Two tools; used to collect data, namely: Tool 1 : barriers of electronic learning questionnaire: Tool II: Students' attitude evaluation questionnaire toward elearning . Results revealed that more than half of nursing students had high level of attitude regarding elearning related to their abilities & time management followed by motivation & study habities. In addition, about third of nursing student had high level of barriers. Conclusion: nursing student at the Faculty of Nursing, Tanta University experienced multiple cateacories of elearning barriers includes social & interaction, time & support for studies, it concluded that when the level of barriers increased, the nursing students’ attitude toward e-learning become high. Also, there was significant statistical differences between four academic years nursing students & total barriers levels. Recommendation: Fundamental courses for undergraduate nursing students is essential to reduce their perceived elearning barriers & to increase students’ attitude level to it.
Reduced Ca spark activity contributes to detrusor overactivity of rats with partial bladder outlet obstruction

We tested whether or not altered Ca spark activity accounted for detrusor overactivity (DO) of Wistar rats after partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). We constructed a DO model through PBOO and studied the Ca spark activity of detrusor. By way of using confocal microscopy and the patch-clamp technique, Ca sparks and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in detrusor myocytes were measured respectively. Our results indicated that Ca spark activity and STOCs were significantly reduced in the DO detrusor myocytes compared to unafflicted control cells, and both of these had levels that were remarkably increased by applications of caffeine (10 μM), a RyR agonist, in DO myocytes. In addition, measures of detrusor contractions were also recorded by using freshly isolated detrusor strips. These results indicated that the spontaneous contraction of DO detrusor was significantly enhanced, and that the effect of caffeine (10 μM) upon detrusor contractions was reversed by applications of iberiotoxin (100 nM) which is a BK channel blocker. Western blotting (WB) analyses indicated that the levels of expression of ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and FK506 binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) in bladder muscle were respectively decreased and increased in the samples from DO rats. Thus, we considered in the rat DO model wherein PBOO, the reduced Ca spark activity in detrusor myocytes partly contributed to overactive detrusor contractions. The impaired Ca spark activity may have resulted from decreased RyR2 expression and increased FKBP12.6 expression. Such novel findings in our research might help to provide means for better treatment outcomes for patients afflicted by bladder dysfunction.
Analysis of potential hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of Chinese type 1 diabetic patients

Background Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease strongly related to genetic factors. Although studies on T1D susceptibility genes have achieved great progress, the molecular mechanism of T1D remains to be explained. Methods To explore the underlying mechanisms of T1D, bioinformatic analysis based on a microarray database was used to determine the key biomarkers of T1D as well as their biofunctions and interactions. The microarray database GSE55100 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were processed by packages in R Software. The database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, version 6.8) was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the module analysis was performed using Cytoscape. Results Seventy-eight DEGs and 13 hub genes were identified. The biofunctions and pathways of these DEGs were enriched in immune response, extracellular exosome, cytokine activity and antigen processing and presentation. Thirteen DEGs with MCODE score ≥2 were selected as hub genes including MMP9, ARG1, CAMP, CHI3L1, CRISP3, SLPI, LCN2, PGLYRP1, LTF, RETN, CEACAM1, CEACAM8 and MS4A3. Conclusions The identification and analyses of the DEGs and hub genes from database GSE55100 provide novel prospectives of the pathogenesis of T1D.
The prospect of combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/tlcr.2020. 01.14 Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer death in the world. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted therapies, which showed durable effects in patients with advanced NSCLC and superior survival benefits in comparison to chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC, were established as breakthrough drugs by the development of immunotherapy (1-4). On the other hand, there is a population that is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) because more than 30–40% of patients who receive ICI monotherapy develop progressive disease (PD) (5,6). We also reported that the PD was 43.2% in 44 patients with NSCLC who received antiPD-1 antibody monotherapy. In this cohort, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), pathological type, standardized uptake value (SUV) on positron emission tomography (PET), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count, NLR (neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and albumin were independent prognostic factors in patients receiving anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy (7). Aggressive cancers, such as those with a high SUV on PET and a high LDH level, may not be sensitive to ICIs. To cover the ICIresistant population, combination therapy with ICI and chemotherapy is administered to patients with NSCLC, and has shown a wide range of effects, as demonstrated in Table 1 (8-13). Combination therapy with ICI and chemotherapy significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS), and provided improvement of the objective response rate in almost all trials except for OS in IMpower 131. Although the programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is an established biomarker that is used to predict the effect of anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy (1,2,4), the clinical significance of the PD-L1 expression in patients receiving combination therapy with ICIs and chemotherapy remains unclear. Recently the PD-L1 expression is mainly confirmed for the indication of ICI monotherapy as second-line treatment or as a first line treatment in certain patients, such as those with chemotherapy-intolerable complications or PD-L1 high tumor cells. The effects of chemotherapy may cover ICI-resistant-populations such as PD-L1-low or -negative tumor cells or immune escape tumor cells. Additionally, the PD-L1 expression varies according to the tumor microenvironment. The change in the tumor microenvironment after the administration of chemotherapy is unpredictable. It is sometimes confusing to evaluate PD-L1 expression because of this heterogeneity. The effects of immunogenic cell death induced by anti-cancer drugs may enhance the antitumor immune response, the magnitude of the effects in the patient’s body is unclear. Moreover, the antitumor effect Editorial Commentary
The effects of public sector collective bargaining rights PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

Widespread public sector unionism emerged only in the 1960s, as individual states opened the door to collective bargaining for state and municipal workers. I exploit differences in timing across states to construct estimates of the causal effects of public sector collective bargaining rights on pay, benefits, and employment for teachers, fire fighters, and police. Perhaps surprisingly, estimates that allow for state fixed effects and state-specific trends show little effect on teachers’ pay, hours, benefits, or employment, despite significantly increasing union presence among teachers. For police and fire fighters, however, the results show modest positive effects on pay and benefits.
Outcome of delayed miniplate osteosynthesis of maxillofacial fractures in a Nigerian tertiary institution

Background: This report describes treatment outcome following delayed miniplate osteosynthesis (MPO) of maxillofacial fractures. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who underwent delayed MPO of facial fractures from January 2011 to December 2014 at the Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Unit of the Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria were retrospectively reviewed. Data retrieved were age, gender, etiology of trauma, site of fractures, and time lapse from injury to treatment. Follow-up at postoperative intervals consisted of clinical and radiographic examinations. Outcome variables such as wound infection, wound dehiscence, malocclusion, hardware failure, fracture stability, and neurosensory disturbance were recorded. Results: Thirty-one patients with 52 facial fractures were treated. There were 18 (58.1%) mandibular, 8 (25.8%) maxillary fracture while 5 (16.1%) fractures occurred in both jaws. All patients had a stable fixation and normal healing. Thirteen complications occurred in 11 patients representing 35.5% of the total. Malocclusion and wound infection were the most common complication. More complications occurred in late treatment group. Conclusion: MPO with or without postoperative intermaxillary fixation is effective in the delayed facial fracture. Treatment delay may increase the incidence of complications.
Pathological myopia-induced antioxidative proteins in the vitreous humor

Background This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed proteins in the vitreous humor (VH) of pathological myopia (PM) and normal eyes. Methods VH samples were collected from patients undergoing surgical treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM), myopic retinoschisis (MRS) or macular hole (MH). A label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to detect the differentially expressed proteins, and expression of three differentially expressed proteins was confirmed by ELISA. Results In PM patients (MH-PM, MRS-PM and RRD-PM), the expression of prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PGDS) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) was significantly lower than in controls (MH, ERM, and RRD). The versican core protein expression decreased in the PM group. The vitreous concentrations of PGDS and GPX3 in patients with axial length (AL) of 26.5–29.0 mm were higher than in patients with AL >29.0 mm or AL <26.5 mm. NRF-2 expression was the lowest in patients with AL >29.0 mm. Conclusions Our study provides new evidence on the molecular changes in the VH of PM patients, and these molecules have the potential to become new targets for the therapy of PM.
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 40 (4): 597–607 (2005)

Asphondylia yushimai, the soybean pod gall midge, completes its annual lifecycle with host alternation between fabaceous plants as summer hosts and Prunus zippeliana (Rosaceae) as a winter host. In the Tohoku District (northern Japan), however, A. yushimai needs an alternative winter host or hosts because the evergreen winter host, P. zippeliana, is not distributed in northern Japan. To find additional winter host plants of A. yushimai, five unidentified species of Japanese Asphondylia inducing galls on respective host plants in the winter season were examined based on DNA analysis, morphological observation, and ecological and distributional information. We concluded that Osmanthus heterophyllus (Oleaceae) is a winter host of A. yushimai. This paper reports these findings together with some biological and phenological information on A. yushimai and the winter host. Information on winter hosts will help to discover new control measures against A. yushimai.
An Intraorganizational Perspective of Sales Teams-A case study of the design and processes of a sales team in the cloud software industry

The shift towards relationship marketing entails an increased attention directed to building collaborative relationships in the business-to-business market. This has further contributed to the current interest in the intraorganizational setting in the area of sales and key account management, and more specifically the notion of sales teams. In light of the above, the purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework emphasizing the intraorganizational perspective of such teams. Within this context, the team’s design and processes have been highlighted in relation to its performance and ability to form relationships with customers. To provide insights to the purpose of this study a single-case study was conducted in a company operating within the cloud software industry. The analysis demonstrates how the design of the team, depicted by the formalization of procedures and the heterogeneity of team members’ expertise, constitutes the frame in which the processes are carried out. Further, the interplay of communication, proactiveness and alignment of goals showed to constitute key processes enabling the team to build relationships with its customers. Thus, by providing a conceptual framework emphasizing the intraorganizational perspective of sales teams, this study contributes to the theoretical discussion as well as to practitioners in the field.
The Use of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) as Mortality Predictor in the Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU) at Hospital Ángeles Del Pedregal

Introduction: Red Blood Cell Distribution (RDW) consists in an index used to determine heterogeneity for red blood cells, which measures anemia or malnutrition disorders. However, its statistical elevation was associated with other inflammation biomarkers. Values above 15% are associated with increased mortality rate in critically ill patients. Objective: To determine the RDW increase and mortality ratio, in this environment, for patients in the Intensive Therapy Unit. Methodology: Control group consisted of hospitalized patients between March 2018 and August 2018, and the following data was included in the statistical analysis: SOFA, SAPS 3, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocytes, platelets, RDW, creatinine, albumin, as well as demographic data. The values assessed by the laboratory team in this unit were considered to be within normal levels. Results: Regarding the Chi-squared distribution statistical test, a p value of 0.048 was obtained when linking the number of deaths in the ITU to the RDW values, which proves the relationship between these variables. Conclusion: The RDW increase is highly associated with a higher mortality rate and is useful for risk stratification in critically ill patients.
EFFECT OF INSTITUTIONAL PILLARS ON SMALL AND MICRO ENTERPRISES FIRM PERFORMANCE IN ETHIOPIA

Though much research had been conducted examining the role of institutions on the practice of micro and small enterprise, it is now the effect of institutional pillars on organization performance is to be assessed in Ethiopian case. Examining the 200 small and micro enterprises (SME), we had tested a model of institutional variables to explain performance of firms. To cater the variance of firm performance due to the effect of institutional environment, we used structural equation modeling nesting polychoric correlation to measure firm performance measured in ordinal data variables. We found that the normative and cognitive institutional pillars positively correlated to firm performance, while the regulative pillar is negative but insignificant affecting performance. Thus, we showed that entrepreneurs’ interpretation of the value system within the society regarding innovation and their perception about innovation practice determines firm performance keeping the quality of idea and their resource endowment constant, in micro and small enterprise in Ethiopia.
Discriminating Fake Faces From Genuine Ones by Using Color Texture Analysis

: Inquire about on non-nosy programming based face caricaturing identification plans has been essentially centered around the examination of the luminance data of the face pictures, thus disposing of the chroma part, which can be exceptionally valuable for segregating fake countenances from real ones. This paper presents a novel and engaging methodology for identifying face satirizing utilizing a shading surface examination. We misuse the joint shading surface data from the luminance and the chrominance channels by extricating corresponding low-level element depictions from various shading spaces. All the more particularly, the component histograms are figured over every picture band independently. All the more significantly, not at all like the vast majority of the strategies proposed in the writing, our proposed approach can accomplish stable execution over all the three benchmark informational indexes. The promising consequences of our cross-database assessment propose that the facial shading surface representation is more steady in obscure conditions contrasted and its dark scale partners.
The Effects of the Loss of an Adult Child to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on the Interaction and Participation of the Elderly in Social Activities in the North West Region of Cameroon

Abstract The incidence of HIV/AIDS in the North West Region of Cameroon surpasses all other regions. The aim of this paper was to ascertain the effect of the loss of an adult child to HIV/AIDS on the elderly parent’s participation in social activities in the North West Region of Cameroon. Using a multistage sampling technique, a sample size of one thousand and sixty (1060) respondents were drawn from three divisions of the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Data was collected from participants using quantitative and qualitative methods, which included questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of the study showed that there is a reduced level of social participation and interaction because of either caring for grandchildren orphaned by HIV/AIDS or sick children. Participants avoided social activities because they did not have money to pay their contributions. Participants also reported that they stayed away from social gatherings for fear of stigmatization from members of the community. However, evidence from the study output showed that some respondents attended social activities. Some pertinent conclusions were drawn from the findings. The implications of these findings to social policy are discussed.