Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 1. C1 through C29 Organic Compounds from Meat Charbroiling

A dilution source sampling system was used to quantify the organic air pollutant emissions from commercial-scale meat charbroiling operations. Emission rates of gas-phase volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and high molecular weight particle-phase organic compounds were simultaneously quantified on a single compound basis. Fine particle mass emission rates and fine particle elemental chemical composition were measured as well. Emission rates of 120 organic compounds, spanning carbon numbers from C1 to C29 were quantified including n-alkanoic acids, n-alkenoic acids, carbonyls, lactones, alkanes, aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkenes, and steroids. Ethylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde were found to be the predominant light gas-phase organic compounds emitted from the charbroiling operations. n-Alkanoic acids, n-alkenoic acids, and carbonyls made up a significant fraction of the quantified semivolatile and particle-phase organic compound emissions. Meat charbroilin.
Investigating EFL student teachers’ perceptions of self-study in the Saudi Arabian context

ABSTRACT In the field of teacher education, self-study is often interpreted as studying by oneself. It refers to inquiries conducted by individual student teachers or groups of teachers working collaboratively to clearly understand the problems of teaching practice. Self-study has become popular in teacher education to encourage and advance student learning. Increased attention has been paid to its usefulness, yet little research provides an entire picture of how student teachers perceive it. Therefore, this study used five focus group interviews from a university in Saudi Arabia to investigate EFL student teachers’ perceptions of self-study. Interview data was compiled to reveal three representative themes of students’ self-study experience: Conducting self-study, sharing self-study with others, and learning from self-study findings. Results found that students acknowledged freedom of choice in obtaining enquiry data online, but were hesitant about sharing their creation processes of enquiries with others. Others preferred to receive guidance from a model, and some believed grades were more important than learning enhancements. It is essential to investigate students’ perceptions to obtain a more thorough understanding and allow the formulation of an effective framework implementing self-study.
Cooperative Pursuit Control for Multiple Underactuated Underwater Vehicles with Time Delay in Three-Dimensional Space

SUMMARY In this paper, the k-valued logic control network is introduced to study the cooperative pursuit control problem of multiple underactuated underwater vehicles (UUVs) with time delay in three-dimensional space. The semi-tensor product of matrices is used to solve the complex calculation problem of the large dimension matrix. The influence of communication delay on multiple UUVs’ optimization and cooperative pursuit control is expressed in a matrix. Under the leadership of evader UUV, the control algorithm can ensure that all the pursuit UUVs reach the desired position. The stability of the closed loop system is proved.
Changes in the biochemical characteristics and volatile fingerprints of atemoya during postharvest ripening at room temperature

In order to determine the best shelf life of the atemoya, the changes in the biochemical characteristics in five different stages of senescence were investigated. During postharvest ripening at room temperature, the firmness decreased rapidly after harvest and the fruit weight loss and browning degree increased from the earliest green-colored stage onward. The total soluble solid concentrations (TSSC) and titratable acidity (TA) increased continuously throughout maturation, and the peak respiratory and ethylene production rates occurred on the 3d and 5th day of postharvest, respectively. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity steadily increased, catalase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities decreased significantly on the 1st day and then gradually increased, and peroxidase activities increased during the initial 3 days, and then decreased at later stages. The volatile fingerprints of flesh samples from the five senescence stages were successfully established using gas chromatographyion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with principal component analysis, and 32 typical target compounds and 35 indeterminate compounds were obtained. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of innovative preservation methods for atemoya.
Evaluation of Honey Quality with Stored Time and Temperatures

Honey from two sources, Bidens pilosa and Dimocarpus longan were stored at 35, 25, or 4°C under dark or light for 3-24 months. They were evaluated for the nutrients, antioxidant activities and quality parameters required in Codex Standard. Diastase activity of examined honey was reduced to less than 8 schade unit soon after storage for 3-6 months, and its acidity was increased with long storage time at high temperature. Storage of honey at 4°C significantly diminished the loss of diastase activity and maintained the proper acidity. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content retained low level as honey was stored up to two years at either 4 or 25°C, while its content was quickly increased at 35°C. More phenolic content but less flavonoid content was found in honey after long storage time. Along with longer deposit time and higher temperature, less antioxidant activities were detected in honey, including scavenging activity of DPPH and superoxide radicals. In contrast, the reducing power was increased. Storage of honey at 35°C caused the worst impact on its quality parameters of Codex Standard, while 4oC was the best storage condition to maintain most quality parameters, nutrients and antioxidant functions. No apparent difference was found between the storage conditions under dark and light.
THE EFFECTS OF R&D EXPENDITURES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN OECD COUNTRIES

This study investigates the relationship between R&D and economic growth in 33 OECD countries. This research uses panel data method. The results showed that there are three independent variables that affect economic growth. Namely, gross domestic expenditure on R&D, government research, and internet access. However, gross domestic expenditure on R&D and government research has a negative impact on economic growth. With the t-statistics of -2.944775 and -0.203002, respectively. While the t-statistic for internet access variable is 2.460783. This shows that only the internet access variable has a positive effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, the variable access to computers from home does not affect economic growth, because the probability is 0.0674 or> 0.05. These findings do not support the general hypothesis that R&D expenditures will have a positive impact on economic growth. The research agenda must be clear, substantive and short-term and must be implemented as a consideration in making decisions. So that every investment in R&D spending provides benefits with the hope of creating new innovations, so that the Indonesian economy grows positively.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Fixation of Chondral Fragments of the Knee in 6 Adolescents Using Autologous Bone Pegs

Background: Little is known regarding the optimal treatment for displaced, purely chondral fragments in the knee. Purpose: To report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of chondral fragment fixation in adolescents through use of autologous bone pegs. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study evaluated 6 patients (mean age, 12.9 years) who underwent fixation of chondral fragments (no visualized bone attached) using autologous bone pegs (mean postoperative follow-up, 5.2 years; range, 1.4-10.9 years). The causes were trauma (n = 5) and osteochondritis dissecans (n = 1). Lesions were located in the trochlear groove (lateral, n = 3; medial, n = 2) or posterior part of the lateral femoral condyle (n = 1). The mean lesion size was 3.8 cm2 (range, 0.8-9.0 cm2). Patients were evaluated via physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue scores. Results: In total, 5 patients successfully returned to sports without restrictions at a mean of 7 months (range, 6-8 months) postoperatively. At the latest follow-up, these 5 patients had full range of motion and no joint effusion. The mean magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue score was 85 (range, 70-95) at a mean duration of 3 years (range, 1-5 years). One patient experienced failure at 1.3 years postoperatively after a traumatic injury and subsequently underwent removal of the fixed fragment and a drilling procedure. Conclusion: In most adolescents, fixation of chondral fragments with no visualized bony portion using autologous bone pegs provided a satisfactory success rate and good healing of cartilage tissue confirmed on MRI scans.
Influence of fluid-structure interaction modelling on the stress and fatigue life evaluation of a gas turbine blade

A computational method of fluid-structure coupling is implemented to predict the fatigue response of a high-pressure turbine blade. Two coupling levels, herein referred to as a “fully coupled” and “decoupled” methods are implemented to investigate the influence of multi-physics interaction on the 3 D stress state and fatigue response of a turbine blade. In the fully-coupled approach, the solutions of the fluid-flow and the solid-domain finite element problem are obtained concurrently, while in the decoupled approach, the independently computed aerodynamic forces are unilaterally transferred as boundary conditions in the subsequent finite element solution. In both cases, a three-dimensional unsteady stator-rotor aerodynamic configuration is modelled to depict a forced-vibration loading of high-cycle failure mode. Also analyzed is the low-cycle phenomenon which arises due to the mean stresses of the rotational load of the rotating turbine wheel. The coupling between the fluid and solid domains (fully-coupled approach) provides a form of damping which reduces the amplitude of fluctuation of the stress history, as opposed to the decoupled case with a resultant higher amplitude stress fluctuation. While the stress amplitude is higher in the decoupled case, the fatigue life-limiting condition is found to be significantly influenced by the higher mean stresses in the fully-coupled method. The differences between the two approaches are further explained considering three key fatigue parameters; mean stress, multiaxiality stress state and the stress ratio factors. The study shows that the influence of the coupling between the fluid and structures domain is an important factor in estimating the fatigue stress history.
Hedonic Test of Kombucha Coffee

Kombucha is a fermented drink that has a health benefit. Originally, kombucha made from a combination of sweetened tea that mixed with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast to ferment. Moreover, the making of kombucha starts to vary through an infusion method such as herbs infusion, flowers or fruits, and vegetable mixture, and even to substitute with the coffee ground. Indonesia is the fifth largest consumer of coffee in the world. Therefore, this article aims to study an upcycling of leftover coffee grounds to produce kombucha. This form of fermentation method with inoculum Kombucha tea, which then known as Kombucha coffee (KC). The empiric study was conducted using a quantitative method, where a secondary data was supported with the primary result of questionnaires to eighty panelists. The findings of this research suggested that the aroma and taste of KC widely accept by the respondents. Additionally, KC’s aroma, taste, and texture proved more hedonic value than tea kombucha. Although the study has a limitation such as time and the number of respondents. But, the result of the study stimulates a further discussion to investigate the significance of KC towards business and economic benefits.
Effect of PGRs on Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical in Delay Senescence of Lily Cut Flowers

The short vase life is the major problem in the cut flower industry. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of different vase solutions and oils in enhancing the quality and vase life of lily cut flowers. Salicylic acid (SA; 300 mg L−1), citric acid (CA; 300 mg L−1), gibberellic acid (GA; 100 mg L−1), and clove oil (200 mg L−1) were used as vase solutions. These treatments were applied after pulsing with preoptimized sucrose 5%. It was found that SA (300 mg L−1) + sucrose (5%) improved the performance of cut flowers, which further increased the longevity of all tested lily cultivars up to eight days and the longest vase life by 17.6 days. The maximum change in fresh weight (5.60 g), increase in chlorophyll contents (3.2 SPAD value), highest protein content (6.1 mg g−1 FW), and increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (51.0 U g−1 protein), catalase (CAT) (36.3 U g−1 protein), and peroxidase (POD) (41.6 U g−1 protein), were recorded with the CA (300 mg L−1) + sucrose 5%. Among the cultivars, “Zambesi” performed best compared to “Sorbonne” and “Caesars”. The maximum anthocyanin contents (198%) were recorded in “Caesars”. In conclusion, among the different preservative solutions, SA performed best to prolong the vase life and quality of lily cut flowers.
Evidence‐based juvenile justice programs and practices: A critical review

Funding information ArnoldVenturesFoundation Abstract There is growing critical commentary and debate about the relative effectiveness of individual program and generic practice approaches to identifying evidencebased interventions and their impact on the operation of the juvenile justice system. The central issue is whether both of these approaches to identifying evidence-based interventions provide a valid and reliable guide to improving juvenile justice programming and, if so, what are the relative advantages and disadvantages of each? From a public policy perspective, should we be investingmore heavily in one or the other, or treating them as effective complementary approaches and encourage both? We address each of these questions and offer some suggestions for improving the effectiveness of each approach.
Examination of the relation of localization of placenta at 18-24 weeks of gestation by ultrasonography with the development of preeclampsia later in pregnancy

Diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia on the basis of American College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (2013b) is preeclampsia is diagnosed when a pregnant woman develops: hypertension≥140 mmHg systolic or ≥90 mmHg diastolic on two separate readings at least six hours apart in a patient with previously normal blood pressure after 20 weeks of gestation and proteinuria≥0.3 grams (300 mg) or more of protein in a 24-hour urine sample or a spot urinary protein to creatinine ratio ≥0.3 or urine dipstick reading of 1+or more persistent. or thrombocytopenia– platelets<1,00,000/μl Renal insuffi ciency– Creatinine>1.1 mg/dl or doubling of baseline. ABSTRACT
Surveying for Potential Diseases and Abiotic Disorders of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Production

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has recently been reintroduced as an agricultural commodity in the United States, and, through state-led pilot programs, growers and researchers have been investigating production strategies. Diseases and disorders of industrial hemp in the United States are largely unknowns because record-keeping and taxonomy have improved dramatically in the last several decades. In 2016, North Carolina launched a pilot program to investigate industrial hemp, and diseases and abiotic disorders were surveyed in 2017 and 2018. Producers, consultants, and agricultural extension agents submitted samples to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Agronomic Services Division (n = 572) and the North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic (n = 117). Common field diseases found included Fusarium foliar and flower blights (Fusarium graminearum), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), and Helminthosporium leaf spot (Exserohilum rostratum). Greenhouse diseases were primarily caused by Pythium spp. and Botrytis cinerea. Common environmental disorders were attributed to excessive rainfall flooding roots and poor root development of transplanted clones.
Language difference and regional authority

ABSTRACT This paper draws on research in geography, linguistics, and political science to explain the incidence of language regions and their effect on regional authority. It conjectures a chain of mechanisms beginning with the physical and political barriers to human interaction and culminating with contemporary patterns of regional authority. Using data on 1767 regions in 95 countries, it finds causal power in the claim that the linguistic distinctiveness of a region reflects the ratio of internal interaction to external interaction. Finally, the effects of a language region for regional authority depend decisively on the openness of the political regime.
Controls on the rates and products of particle attrition by bed-load
collisions

Abstract. River rocks round through the process of impact attrition, where energetic collisions during bed-load transport induce chipping of the grain surface. This process is also important for bedrock erosion. Although previous work has shown that impact energy, lithology and shape are controlling factors for attrition rates, the functional dependence among these quantities is not settled. Here we examine these factors using a double-pendulum apparatus, that generates controlled collisions between two grains under conditions relevant for bed-load transport. We also determine the grain-size distributions (GSDs) of the attrition products. Two experimental results appear to support previous treatments of impact erosion as brittle fracture in the purely elastic regime: (i) mass loss is proportional to kinetic energy, and this proportionality is a function of previously identified material properties; and (ii) attrition product GSDs are well described by a Weibull distribution. Other observations, however, including the development of shallow and surface-parallel cracks, indicate that the common fatigue failure model is inappropriate. Rather, we propose that Hertzian fracture is the dominant mechanism that distinguishes chipping from fragmentation. We also identify an initial phase of rapid mass loss in which attrition is independent of energy and material properties; this is a shape effect associated with removal of very sharp corners. The apparent universality of both mass loss curves and attrition-product GSDs requires further investigation. Nonetheless, these findings are useful for interpreting the contribution of in-stream attrition to downstream fining and the production of sand, resulting from bed-load transport of river pebbles.
Dependence of sputtering coefficient on ion dose

Abstract The sputtering coefficient of polycrystalline gold bombarded by 10–40 keV Ar+ ions has been measured as a function of total ion dose and shown to exhibit oscillations in magnitude between 30 and 100%. Possible experimental errors which would give rise to such an oscillation have been considered, but it is apparent that these factors are unable to explain the measurements. It is proposed that a change in the Sublimation Energy associated with either bulk damage or formation of surface topographical features arising during ion bombardment may be responsible for the observed variations in sputtering coefficient.
Recovery planning and resilience of SMEs during the COVID-19: experience from Saudi Arabia

Purpose The aim of this study is to tell a story about how the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), using Saudi Arabia as an example In particular, this study explores how SMEs in Saudi Arabia address needed changes in their survival strategy in the market during the COVID-19 pandemic Design/methodology/approach This reflective essay is based on the "White Paper 3" of the Global SME Policy Network (GSPN) The GSPN is a global think tank based in Saudi Arabia As one of the founding leaders of the GSPN and one of the authors of White Paper 03, the author writes this reflective essay based on the interviews of the Chief Executive Officers of 111 SMEs in Saudi Arabia The interviewees were from six administrative areas including Al-Baaha, Eastern Region, Madinah, Makkah, Qassim and Riyadh Importantly, 84 7%interviewees were from Riyadh Findings The government has provided significant efforts and stimulus package to keep stable employment and small and medium businesses A majority of the companies were satisfied with the stimulus packages announced by the government The author believes that organizations need to monitor and evaluate all the developments associated with the spread of the emerging virus and to develop and implement contingency plans to meet any undesirable circumstances arising from COVID-19 pandemic Originality/value The author believes that the role of SMEs in economic transformation and Vision 2030 is imperative The author observes that Saudi Arabia is working to increase the contribution of SMEs to gross domestic product from 20% to 35% Other countries should continuously evaluate the SME impact because of the COVID-19 and continue the support based on the evaluation report such as Saudi Arabia
Salience and Mutual Fund Investor Demand for Idiosyncratic Volatility

We find that mutual fund investors are more likely to both purchase and redeem funds with high idiosyncratic volatility (IV). Investors’ tendency to purchase high IV funds is largely driven by high IV funds having more extreme returns, which increases the salience of the fund. Including flexible controls for extreme past returns over multiple horizons decreases the effect of IV on new investment, and experimental evidence corroborates that increasing the salience of extreme returns increases investor demand for IV. Demand for IV is higher among retail investors and funds with otherwise lower salience. Collectively, the evidence suggests that extreme returns attract investor attention and contribute to investors’ risk seeking behavior when purchasing mutual funds. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Critical thinking in cognitive domain: Exploring assessment of English teaching at pandemic period of covid-19

Assessment is an evaluation tool in learning adjusted to the times. The criteria that must be included in the assessment are indicators in the cognitive domain and critical thinking. Therefore, this study intends to explore teaching assessments prepared by lecturers in assessing students' cognitive shutter and critical thinking abilities. The data taken in the pandemic period of Covid-19. The subjects of this study were 269 lecturers who were teaching in English education departments in some private universities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. There were 25 items of questionnaires arranged to analyze the teacher assessment in cognitive aspects. The results showed the dominant lecturer measured the ability of students on the C1-C2 scale even though some lecturers had been on the C5-C6 scale. The lecturers' assessment of teaching has implemented indicators of critical thinking skills. This study recommends future researchers to develop assessment of teaching, especially for English Department and assessment mapping in facing the fourth industrial revolution era.