Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dosimetry of infant exposure to power‐frequency magnetic fields: Variation of 99th percentile induced electric field value by posture and skin‐to‐skin contact

Infant exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields from power lines was numerically analyzed in this study. Dosimetric variability due to posture and skin‐to‐skin contact was evaluated using human anatomical models including a recently developed model of a 12‐months‐old infant. As proposed by the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection, the induced E‐field strength (99th percentile value, E99) for the central nerve systems (E99_CNS) and peripheral nerve system (E99_PNS), were used as metrics. Results showed that the single (free of contact with others) infant model has lower E99 (E99_CNS and E99_PNS inclusive) compared with single adult and child models when exposed to the same power‐frequency magnetic field. Also, studied postures of sitting, standing, or arm‐up, would not change E99_PNS. However, skin‐to‐skin contact with other models could significantly raise induced E‐field strength in the infant (e.g., contact on 0.93% of the infant's total surface increased E99_PNS by 213%). Simulations with canonical models were conducted to assess different factors contributing to the E99 enhancement. Results indicated the importance of thoroughly investigating the conservativeness of current safety guidelines in the case of skin‐to‐skin contact, especially with infants. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:204–218, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inductive Synthesis of Equational Programs

An equational approach to the synthesis of functional and logic programs is taken. Typically, a target program contains equations that are only true in the standard model of the given domain rules. To synthesize such programs, induction is necessary. We propose heuristics for generalizing from a sequence of deductive consequences. These are combined with rewrite-based methods of inductive proof to derive provably correct programs.
Provisioned Parastrachia japonensis (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) nymphs gain access to food and protection from predators

Females of the shield bug Parastrachia japonensis Scott progressively provision nymph-containing nests with drupes of the host tree, Schoepfia jasminodora (Olicaceae: Rosidae: Santales). The majority of nests are 5-15 m from the host tree, a distance thought to have been a major impetus for the occurrence of provisioning in this species. However, the function of provisioning is not well understood. We carried out two field experiments to determine whether provisioning is nutritionally important and whether it affords protection against predation. Development of nymphs was significantly delayed and their survival was low in the absence of provisioning, even when nests were within the area of ground on to which the drupes fell, apparently because of the poor quality of the majority of the drupes. Selective provisioning of good-quality drupes by female P. japonensis, a semelparous species, was thus necessary for young nymphs to obtain enough food for their development. Furthermore, even without a female in attendance, having drupes in the nest significantly reduced early mortality in the presence of a predator. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Head-mounted display with mid-air tactile feedback

Virtual and physical worlds are merging. Currently users of head-mounted displays cannot have unobtrusive tactile feedback while touching virtual objects. We present a mid-air tactile feedback system for head-mounted displays. Our prototype uses the focus of a modulated ultrasonic phased array for unobtrusive mid-air tactile feedback generation. The array and the hand position sensor are mounted on the front surface of a head-mounted virtual reality display. The presented system can enhance 3D user interfaces and virtual reality in a new way. To evaluate the tactile feedback together with visuals on an Oculus Rift VR headset, we had 13 participants do a simple virtual keypad tapping task with and without tactile feedback. The results indicate that while the measured speed and accuracy differed only a little, the subjects were nearly unanimous in that they preferred to use the tactile feedback. The "raw" NASA TLX questionnaires conducted after use revealed that the participants felt slightly less mental, physical and temporal demand with the tactile feedback. The participants' self-assessment of their performance was also higher with the tactile feedback.
Novel Regulation of Cardiac Metabolism and Homeostasis by the Adrenomedullin-Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2 System

Adrenomedullin (AM) was identified as a vasodilating and hypotensive peptide mainly produced by the cardiovascular system. The AM receptor calcitonin receptor-like receptor associates with receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP), one of the subtypes of regulatory proteins. Among knockout mice (−/−) of RAMPs, only RAMP2−/− is embryonically lethal with cardiovascular abnormalities that are the same as AM−/−. This suggests that the AM-RAMP2 system is particularly important for the cardiovascular system. Although AM and RAMP2 are highly expressed in the heart from embryo to adulthood, their analysis has been limited by the embryonic lethality of AM−/− and RAMP2−/−. For this study, we generated inducible cardiac myocyte-specific RAMP2−/− (C-RAMP2−/−). C-RAMP2−/− exhibited dilated cardiomyopathy-like heart failure with cardiac dilatation and myofibril disruption. C-RAMP2−/− hearts also showed changes in mitochondrial structure and downregulation of mitochondria-related genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, &bgr;-oxidation, and reactive oxygen species regulation. Furthermore, the heart failure was preceded by changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; coactivator 1&agr; (PGC-1&agr;), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Metabolome and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) imaging analyses revealed early downregulation of cardiolipin, a mitochondrial membrane-specific lipid. Furthermore, primary-cultured cardiac myocytes from C-RAMP2−/− showed reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced reactive oxygen species production in a RAMP2 deletion–dependent manner. C-RAMP2−/− showed downregulated activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), one of the main regulators of mitochondria-related genes. These data demonstrate that the AM-RAMP2 system is essential for cardiac metabolism and homeostasis. The AM-RAMP2 system is a promising therapeutic target of heart failure.
Development of dietary pattern evaluation tool for adults and correlation with Dietary Quality Index

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES As the prevalence of chronic diseases has risen, the need for straightforward diagnostic tools for monitoring nutrition status to improve nutrition counseling and disease prevention has likewise increased. This study developed an easily usable dietary behavior pattern diagnosis checklist and investigated its correlation with dietary quality index. SUBJECTS/METHODS A draft dietary pattern evaluation tool was generated by analyzing previous studies. The draft questionnaire comprised 61 questions for assessing dietary habits. A survey was administered to 320 adults (19 to 64 years old) using the dietary pattern evaluation tool and 24-hour-recall method between March and May of 2014 in Jeonbuk province and the metropolitan area. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to identify dietary behavior patterns. Nutritional analysis was conducted using CAN-Pro 4.0, and the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was calculated to assess dietary quality. The correlation between dietary pattern scores and DQI-I scores was also analyzed. RESULTS The factor analysis resulted in a total of 34 questions mapped to four main dietary behavior patterns: "high fat and calorie" pattern (12 questions), "overeating/binge" pattern (nine questions), "dietary impulse" pattern (eight questions), and "unbalanced food intake" pattern (five questions). The four dietary behavior patterns were negatively correlated with DQI-I adequacy and total scores (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The dietary pattern evaluation tool developed in this study can be used to diagnose a client's dietary behavior problems and is available as a nutrition counseling tool in the field.
Data structural bootstrapping, linear path compression, and catenable heap ordered double ended queues

The authors provide an efficient implementation of catenable mindeques. To prove that the resulting data structure achieves constant amortized time per operation, they consider order preserving path compression. They prove a linear bound on deque ordered spine-only path compression, a case of order persevering path compression employed by the data structure. <<ETX>>
Automating regression verification

Regression verification is an approach complementing regression testing with formal verification. The goal is to formally prove that two versions of a program behave either equally or differently in a precisely specified way. In this paper, we present a novel automatic approach for regression verification that reduces the equivalence of two related imperative integer programs to Horn constraints over uninterpreted predicates. Subsequently, state-of-the-art SMT solvers are used to solve the constraints. We have implemented the approach, and our experiments show non-trivial integer programs that can now be proved equivalent without further user input.
A Scaling Roadmap and Performance Evaluation of In-Plane and Perpendicular MTJ Based STT-MRAMs for High-Density Cache Memory

This paper explores the scalability of in-plane and perpendicular MTJ based STT-MRAMs from 65 nm to 8 nm while taking into consideration realistic variability effects. We focus on the read and write performances of a STT-MRAM based cache rather than the obvious advantages such as the denser bit-cell and zero static power. An accurate MTJ macromodel capturing key MTJ properties was adopted for efficient Monte Carlo simulations. For the simulation of access devices and peripheral circuitries, ITRS projected transistor parameters were utilized and calibrated using the MASTAR tool that has been widely used in industry. 6T SRAM and STT-MRAM arrays were implemented with aggressive assist schemes to mimic industrial memory designs. A constant JC0·RA/VDD scaling scenario was used which to the first order gives the optimal balance between read and write margins of STT-MRAMs. The thermal stability factor ensuring a 10 year retention time was obtained by adjusting the free layer thickness as well as assuming improvement in the crystalline anisotropy. Our studies based on the proposed scaling methodology show that in-plane STT-MRAM will outperform SRAM from 15 nm node, while its perpendicular counterpart requires further innovations in MTJ material in order to overcome the poor write performance scaling from 22 nm node onwards.
An Electrospinning Approach to Polyaniline Nanofibers by Template

Polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (PANI.HCSA) nanofibers have been successfully prepared using “nanofibers template” via electrospinning. The PVA nanofibers were used as a template to get the PANI/PVA composite fibers. After removing the template by heat treatment, the PANI fibers were obtained. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer software (EDX) and FT-IR spectra were used to characterize the composite fibers and the PANI.HCSA nanofibers. The average diameters of the composite fibers obtained and PANI fibers were 920 nm and 530 nm, respectively.
Child-Pugh class C liver cirrhosis is an independent prognostic factor in patients with ARDS

The mortality rate of ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) patients varies according to therapeutic modalities, the cause and severity of ARDS, and the presence of associated organ failure. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of liver cirrhosis on clinical outcome in ARDS patients. We retrospectively obtained the age, sex, and the underlying disease of 170 ARDS patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit. There were 3 groups of patients: the first group was ARDS patients with liver cirrhosis (LC, n=49), the second group was ARDS patients with other chronic diseases (n=72) and the third group was ARDS patients without any other
Characterization of Sisal Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Experimental characterization of sisal fibre reinforced concrete showed that incorporating fibre into the concrete mixture is beneficial. Optimum performance for a matrix having sisal fibre as reinforcement is at 3% fibre volume fraction (Vff), with 70mm fibre length (Lf) and at a water-cement ratio of 0.6. There is a load increase of 28% from the time the first crack was noticed to the time the beam finally failed and the toughness index for this beam is 2.32. Keywords : Sisal fibre; Concrete beams; Compressive strength; Reinforcement; Toughness index
Structural Brain Changes in Chronic Pain Reflect Probably Neither Damage Nor Atrophy

Chronic pain appears to be associated with brain gray matter reduction in areas ascribable to the transmission of pain. The morphological processes underlying these structural changes, probably following functional reorganisation and central plasticity in the brain, remain unclear. The pain in hip osteoarthritis is one of the few chronic pain syndromes which are principally curable. We investigated 20 patients with chronic pain due to unilateral coxarthrosis (mean age 63.25±9.46 (SD) years, 10 female) before hip joint endoprosthetic surgery (pain state) and monitored brain structural changes up to 1 year after surgery: 6–8 weeks, 12–18 weeks and 10–14 month when completely pain free. Patients with chronic pain due to unilateral coxarthrosis had significantly less gray matter compared to controls in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insular cortex and operculum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex. These regions function as multi-integrative structures during the experience and the anticipation of pain. When the patients were pain free after recovery from endoprosthetic surgery, a gray matter increase in nearly the same areas was found. We also found a progressive increase of brain gray matter in the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area (SMA). We conclude that gray matter abnormalities in chronic pain are not the cause, but secondary to the disease and are at least in part due to changes in motor function and bodily integration.
Dual band Frequency Selective Surface for X-band applications

In this paper, a novel dual band pass Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is presented. The FSS is a L9 shaped structure with dimensions 7 × 7mm2 and substrate thickness h = 0.762 mm. The proposed FSS aims to provide dual pass-bands in X-band. A stacked array FSS is also studied to broaden the transmission band of the structure. An equivalent circuit model is also given for analyzing the frequency characteristics of the proposed design. The simulation results and the results of equivalent circuit model are in synchronization with each other. HFSS software is used for simulation process and Agilent's ADS software has been used to get the results of Equivalent Circuit model.
Cashmere-2L: software coherent shared memory on a clustered remote-write network

Low-latency remote-write networks, such as DEC's Memory Channel, provide the possibility of transparent, inexpensive, large-scale shared-memory parallel computing on clusters of shared memory multiprocessors (SMPs). The challenge is to take advantage of hardware shared memory for sharing within an SMP, and to ensure that software overhead is incurred only when actively sharing data across SMPs in the cluster. In this paper, we describe a two-level software coherent shared memory system-Cashmere-2L-that meets this challenge. Cashmere-2L uses hardware to share memory within a node, while exploiting the Memory Channel's remote-write capabilities to implement moderately lazy release consistency with multiple concurrent writers, directories, home nodes, and page-size coherence blocks across nodes. Cashmere-2L employs a novel coherence protocol that allows a high level of asynchrony by eliminating global directory locks and the need for TLB shootdown. Remote interrupts are minimized by exploiting the remote-write capabilities of the Memory Channel network. Cashmere-2L currently runs on an 8-node, 32-processor DEC AlphaServer system. Speedups range from 8 to 31 on 32 processors for our benchmark suite, depending on the application's characteristics. We quantify the importance of our protocol optimizations by comparing performance to that of several alternative protocols that do not share memory in hardware within an SMP, and require more synchronization. In comparison to a one-level protocol that does not share memory in hardware within an SMP, Cashmere-2L improves performance by up to 46%.
Conductive Carbon Loaded Polymer Film Electrodes for Pulsed Power Applications. Part II: Determination and Minimization of the Contact Resistance

Abstract Electrically conductive polymer composites consisting of a nonconductive polymer matrix and conductive fillers, such as carbon black, are widely used. This contribution describes a newly developed measurement setup that has been built to investigate the specific electrical properties of polymer composite films for pulsed conditions in the microsecond (10−6 s) range. For an industrially available volume conductive polymer film (Carbostat) the contact resistivity to copper has been investigated. Also, three methods for minimizing the contact resistivity, namely pressing, gluing, and wetting, have been compared for a wide range of applied current densities.
Independent component analysis for EEG source localization

We consider a spatiotemporal method for source localization, taking advantage of the entire EEG time series to reduce the configuration space we must evaluate. The EEG data are first decomposed into signal and noise subspaces using a principal component analysis (PCA) decomposition. This partitioning allows us to easily discard the noise subspace, which has two primary benefits: the remaining signal is less noisy, and it has lower dimensionality. After PCA, we apply independent component analysis (ICA) on the signal subspace. The ICA algorithm separates multichannel data into activation maps due to temporally independent stationary sources. For each activation map we perform an EEG source localization procedure, looking only for a single dipole per map. By localizing multiple dipoles independently, we substantially reduce our search complexity and increase the likelihood of efficiently converging on the correct solution.
Adaptive Data Fusion for Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

While in-network data fusion can reduce data redundancy and, hence, curtail network load, the fusion process itself may introduce significant energy consumption for emerging wireless sensor networks with vectorial data and/or security requirements. Therefore, fusion-driven routing protocols for sensor networks cannot optimize over communication cost only - fusion cost must also be accounted for. In our prior work, while a randomized algorithm termed MFST is devised toward this end, it assumes that fusion shall be performed at any intersection node whenever data streams encounter. In this paper, we design a novel routing algorithm, called adaptive fusion Steiner tree (AFST), for energy efficient data gathering. Not only does AFST jointly optimize over the costs for both data transmission and fusion, but also AFST evaluates the benefit and cost of data fusion along information routes and adaptively adjusts whether fusion shall be performed at a particular node. Analytically and experimentally, we show that AFST achieves better performance than existing algorithms, including SLT, SPT, and MFST
Novel PMMA/CaCO3 Nanocomposites Abrasion Resistant Prepared by an in Situ Polymerization Process

Novel abrasion-resistant nanocomposites based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as matrix and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanopowder as filler have been prepared by an in situ polymerization process. The influence of nanopowders on the chemical−physical properties of the polymeric matrix have been investigated by performing thermal, morphological, and mechanical analysis. The abrasion resistance has also been evaluated. The nanocomposites showed an average weight loss about half with respect to that of neat PMMA, by adding only 2% of nanoparticles.
Trks: Signal transduction and intracellular pathways

The neurotrophin family of growth factors supports survival and differentiation of neurons in the developing vertebrate nervous system by binding activating receptor tyrosine kinases, the Trks. Activation of Trk receptors leads to stimulation of a number of intracellular signaling cascades including, among others, the ras/extracellular regulated kinase (erk) and the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI 3 kinase) cascades. Over the past several years, work in several neurotrophin responsive systems has begun to identify the role each of these signaling cascades plays in the cellular response to neurotrophins. It now appears that neurotrophins, in particular nerve growth factor (NGF), mediate their multiple effects through a number of distinct intracellular signaling cascades. In this review, we will overview the evidence implicating specific signaling cascades in aspects of the cellular response to the neurotrophins, specifically in response to activation of TrkA by NGF. Microsc. Res. Tech. 45:210–216, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to bone marrow chimeras. Endothelial cells are not a restricting element

The adoptive transfer of clinical and histopathologic signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) requires MHC compatibility between cell donor and cell recipient. The results of adoptive transfer studies using F1 to parent bone marrow chimeras as recipients of parental-derived BP-sensitive spleen cells indicate that this restriction is not expressed at the level of the endothelial cell but is confined to the cells of bone marrow derivation. Furthermore, these results indicate that the development of EAE is not dependent on the activity of MHC-restricted cytotoxic cells.
Post-Embryonic Nerve-Associated Precursors to Adult Pigment Cells: Genetic Requirements and Dynamics of Morphogenesis and Differentiation

The pigment cells of vertebrates serve a variety of functions and generate a stunning variety of patterns. These cells are also implicated in human pathologies including melanoma. Whereas the events of pigment cell development have been studied extensively in the embryo, much less is known about morphogenesis and differentiation of these cells during post-embryonic stages. Previous studies of zebrafish revealed genetically distinct populations of embryonic and adult melanophores, the ectotherm homologue of amniote melanocytes. Here, we use molecular markers, vital labeling, time-lapse imaging, mutational analyses, and transgenesis to identify peripheral nerves as a niche for precursors to adult melanophores that subsequently migrate to the skin to form the adult pigment pattern. We further identify genetic requirements for establishing, maintaining, and recruiting precursors to the adult melanophore lineage and demonstrate novel compensatory behaviors during pattern regulation in mutant backgrounds. Finally, we show that distinct populations of latent precursors having differential regenerative capabilities persist into the adult. These findings provide a foundation for future studies of post-embryonic pigment cell precursors in development, evolution, and neoplasia.