Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY IN ROOTS OF CROTALARIA SEEDLINGS AS AFFECTED BY LOW TEMPERATURE AND LOW PHOSPHORUS STRESS

ABSTRACT The effects of low temperature (3–4°C) and low phosphorus (P) stress on membrane permeability in the roots of crotalaria (Crotalaria lium L. Jiangxi) seedlings were investigated in hydroponic experiments. The results indicated that low temperature resulted in pronounced leakage of electrolytes, oxalic acid, and reducing sugars. Low P enhanced the exudation of oxalic acid and reducing sugars but did not induce any leakage of electrolytes. Low temperature rather than low P induced an increase in the relative proportion of phospholipid P to total P. Phospholipid P level in the plasma membrane was not related to the leakage of electrolytes, oxalic acid, and reducing sugars, indicating that the decrease in P level in the plasma membrane is not associated with an increase in membrane permeability. Anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, an anion channel blocker, inhibited low-P-induced exudation of oxalic acid and reducing sugars significantly, but did not decrease low-temperature-affected leakage of oxalic acid and reducing sugars. These findings suggest that low-P-induced exudation of oxalic acid and reducing sugars probably involves a unique activation mechanism rather than being dependent on membrane leakage. Further studies showed that lanthanum (La3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) decreased low-temperature-induced electrolyte leakage and maintained the integrity of plasma membrane, thus enhancing resistance to low temperature stress.
ROOT ROT OF GINSENG IN ONTARIO CAUSED BY MEMBERS OF THE GENUS RAMULARIA

Two destructive diseases of the root of ginseng, Panax quinquefolium L. , have assumed economic importance in the ginseng-growing districts of Ontario. The more destructive of the two diseases, commonly known as the disappearing-rot, is characterized by the fact that affected roots may, in a relatively short time, either completely disappear in the soil or leave as evidence of their presence only a peridermal shell enclosing fragments of vascular tissue. The disease, which is non-systemic, is caused by at least three representatives of the genus Ramularia of the Fungi Imperfecti, one of which has been identified as Ramularia panacicola Zins. , and the other two being new to science, are described as new species for which are proposed the binomials, Ramularia mors-panacis and Ramularia robusta. No sexual stage has been observed in connection with the three species. They appear to persist in the soil indefinitely either saprophytically or in a dormant condition.The name rust has been applied to the other seri.
Expression of a β thalassemi gene with abnormal splicing

Expression of a cloned human beta thalassemia gene with a single base change at position 5 of IVS 1 has been analyzed 48 hours after transfer of the gene into HeLa cells (transient expression). Little or no normal beta globin mRNA accumulates in the presence of the abnormal beta gene in contrast to significantly more normal beta mRNA produced with other mutations at this same position. By contrast, large amounts of an abnormal beta globin mRNA are present; this is due to the use of a cryptic 5' splice site in exon 1 rather than the normal 5' splice site of IVS 1. The results indicate the variability of the effect on RNA splicing of different single base defects within IVS.
THE FEEDING MECHANISM OF AVIAN MALARIAL PARASITES

Electron microscope studies of the erythrocytic forms, including gametocytes and asexual schizonts, of the protozoa Plasmodium fallax, P. lophurae, and P. cathemerium, have revealed a "cytostome," a specialized organelle of the pellicular membrane which is active in the ingestion of host cell cytoplasm. In material fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed in OsO4, the cytostome appears in face view as a pore limited by two dense circular membranes and having an inside diameter of approximately 190 mµ. In cross-section, the cytostome is a cavity bounded on each side by two dense segments corresponding to the two dense circles observed in face view; its base consists of a single unit membrane. In the process of feeding, the cytostome cavity enlarges by expansion of its membrane, permitting a large quantity of red cell cytoplasm to come into contact with the cytostome wall. Subsequent digestion of erythrocyte cytoplasm occurs exclusively in food vacuoles which emanate from the cytostome invagination. As digestion progresses, the food vacuoles initially stain more densely and there is a marked build-up of hemozoin granules. In the final stage of digestion, a single membrane surrounds a cluster of residual pigment particles and very little of the original host cell cytoplasm remains. The cytostome in exoerythrocytic stages of P. fallax has been observed only in merozoites and does not seem to play the same role in the feeding mechanism.
Growth and Yield of Echinacea purpurea L. as Influenced by Planting Density and Fertilization

ABSTRACT Echinacea purpurea L. plants, cultivated with 20, 40, or 60 cm between plants and in rows 50 cm apart, had increased height, vegetative dry weight, roots, and flowering heads at the 60 cm spacing. Total biomass per unit production area, however, was greater at the 20 cm spacing. Application of nitrogen fertilizer improved plant growth and yield. The addition of a low level of potassium gave better results than nitrogen alone. The results confirmed the importance of a balanced N: K ratio.
Idealized Model for the Deflection of Sediment Into Lateral Branches of Lowland Rivers

The division of sediment at river bifurcations is crucial for the morphodynamics of anastamosing rivers and distributary delta channel networks. Many river bifurcations are strongly asymmetric and have a planform where a small channel branches off to the side. Such a configuration is also typical for man‐made diversions of water and sediment into canals. At asymmetric bifurcations, the division of sediment is influenced by the secondary current, which is caused by the turning of the flow toward the side. The secondary currents cause especially water from the lower parts of the water column to be diverted into the side branch. As the sediment concentration close to the bottom is high, side branches can receive a disproportionately large fraction of the incoming sediment load, relative to the water discharge. Lateral diversions have been extensively studied with physical and numerical experiments, with the goal to either mitigate or exploit this effect. However, a systematic mathematical analysis of the parameter space has not yet appeared in the literature. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis by way of an idealized model, revealing how the division of sediment is influenced by the width and depth of the branches. We show that the excess of sediment that is diverted into the side branch is lower when the inlet to the side branch is wider and shallower. This may have larger implications for the stability of delta channel networks, as inlets to side branches tend to be locally wider, which likely contributes to their morphological stability.
A Comparison of Faculty and Graduate Students’ Perceptions of Engaging Online Courses: A Mixed-Method Study

The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast faculty and graduate students’ perceptions of engaging online courses. This mixed-methods study occurred in a mid-sized state university in northeastern United States. Data from an online survey and semi-structured interviews indicated that graduate students and faculty perceived similar online course elements in the areas of social and teaching presence as engaging: interpersonal connections, structured learning environments, and variety in course activities and type of technology used. Both believed that poor organization was unengaging. Subtle differences in perception were illuminated by the qualitative analysis. The results have implications for online course pedagogy and research methodology.
Growth and morphometrics in the New Zealand sea urchin Pseudechinus huttoni (Echinoidea: Temnopleuridae)

Abstract We examined somatic growth in the New Zealand sea urchin, Pseudechinus huttoni. This species normally inhabits the continental shelf, but in the New Zealand fiords can be found at shallower depths. These shallower populations provided an opportunity to quantify growth of these deep water sea urchins using chemical tag recapture techniques. Growth was modelled in three Doubtful Sound populations and varied spatially, with maximum test diameter (TD) and maximum growth rates ranging from 33.8 to 42.7mm TD and 2.9mm yr‐1 to 23.9mm yr‐1, respectively. Size‐at‐age modelling suggests that P. huttoni is c. 5–15mm TD at 1 year, 20–30mm TD at 4 years, and adults approach a maximum size of 30–40 mm TD after 6 to 11 years. Growth in continental shelf populations was inferred from measured growth in the fiord population by comparing population statistics (size structures, mean size), morphometrics, and nutritional status among both habitats. Our results indicate that growth of P. huttoni populations on continental shelves varies spatially (with depth), but is within the range of growth measured in the Doubtful Sound populations. A generalised growth model for P. huttoni based on the three Doubtful Sound populations is described by the Brody‐Bertalanffy equation St = 42.17(1–0.99e(‐0.229t)).
Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) Seed and Plant Transfer Guidelines

Seed and plant transfer guidelines are offered for 11 species of sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula, A. bigelovii, A. cana, A. rothrockii, A. longiloba, A. argillosa, A. rigida, A. nova, A. tripartita, A. pygmaea, and A. tridentata). These species constitute the true sagebrushes of the subgenus Tridentatae of Artemisia. The geographic distribution of each species serves as the geographic boundary for the 11 seed zones, with the additional restriction that seeds should not be moved farther than 483 km (300 mi) to their target planting site, and if less than 483 km, not outside of their native distribution. For A. tridentata, seed transfer should ensure that subspecies are planted with respect to moisture and elevational gradients. For all other species, no additional transfer guidelines are proposed based on changes in elevation, but when local data suggest moisture gradients and ranges of elevation in excess of 458 m (1500 ft), conservative guidelines could further restrict seed transfer up 153 m (500 ft) in elevation, or down 305 m (1000 ft) in elevation, from the origin collection area. Correctly applied, seed and plant transfer guidelines minimize the risk of planting maladapted stock, increasing the survival and reproductive success to achieve restoration, rehabilitation, reclamation, and wildlife habitat improvement objectives.
Design of pyrazolo-pyrimidines as 11β-HSD1 inhibitors through optimisation of molecular electrostatic potential

The inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is a potentially attractive mechanism for the treatment of obesity and other elements of the metabolic syndrome. A series of pyrazolo-pyrimidine inhibitors of this enzyme were identified from directed library synthesis. Knowledge of how these compounds bind to the enzyme and the key hydrogen-bonding interactions was used to design further compounds. The hydrogen-bond acceptor strength was calculated from the molecular electrostatic potential using quantum mechanical theory. Compounds were designed to modulate the acceptor strength, thus optimising the potency and other drug-like properties. Compounds with enhanced CNS penetration were designed through further modification of the electrostatic potential and the hydrogen-bond properties.
Sweet potato response to low-input agriculture and varying environments of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for food security strategies

Three sweet potato cultivars (A40, A45 and 199062.1) were planted in three small-scale farms located under different agro-ecological zones of KwaZulu-Natal. The objective was to assess growth, physiological responses and yield of the sweet potato cultivars under low-input agricultural system and different environmental conditions. Sweet potato planted at Richards Bay (28°19'S; 32°06E), a coastal sandy soil location, recorded low stomatal conductance(SC; 102.2 m moles m−2 s−1) and chlorophyll content index (CCI; 29.4). This consequently resulted in reduced vine length, leaf number and branching of sweet potato plants. Environmental conditions in that location (Richards Bay) such as high evapotranspiration, high temperatures and low water retention capacity of sandy soils created drought stress condition. This caused reduction in photosynthetic activities and translocation to the harvestable plant parts. The other two locations (Deepdale at 28°01'S; 28°99'E and Umbumbulu at 29°98'S; 30°70'E) located further from the coast and characterized by clayey soils recorded higher SC and CCI. Branching and number of leaves were significantly influenced by locations and growing season while vine length varied with locations, indicating specific varietal adaptation. Biomass and storage root yield followed a similar trend as plant growth and physiology. Richards Bay recorded very low biomass and storage root yield (5.4 and 5.0 t ha−1) in both seasons while Deepdale recorded higher yields (42.0 t ha−1) during the first growing season. Yields reduced by 67% (13.6 t ha−1) in the second season. Storage root yields from Umbumbulu were stable in both growing seasons (29.4 and 28 t ha−1 during seasons one and two, respectively). Adding fertilizer only improved storage roots yield in Richards Bay, otherwise cultural practises were responsible for storage root yield increases in Deepdale and Umbumbulu. Orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivar A45 showed good environmental plasticity while cultivar 199062.1 responded well to fertilizer application. This indicated its suitability for use in food security programmes under low-input agriculture.
Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega) Müller, 1776 (Acanthocephala) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Its Use as a Biological Tag

Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega) Muller, 1776, an acanthocephalan, occurred in 25.4% of 974 juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from 18 drainage systems in the British Isles and was absent in 1063 juvenile salmon from 36 systems in North America. Its incidence in Irish smolts was about 25 times that in Scotland, England, and Wales. A comparison of its distribution with that of potential intermediate hosts in the British Isles suggests that the amphipod Gammarus duebeni is the intermediate host in Ireland and Gammarus pulex pulex in Scotland, England, and Wales. Pomphorhynchus laevis seems to be useful for indicating the tributary of origin of salmon smolts in several Irish rivers. Its usefulness as a tag for Irish salmon on the high seas is not yet established.
The Acceleration of Lunar Ions by Magnetic Forces in the Terrestrial Magnetotail Lobes

In order to study the acceleration of ions originating from the tenuous exosphere and surface of the Moon, we analyzed data from the ElectroStatic Analyzer (ESA) and Flux Gate Magnetometer (FGM) carried by the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) spacecraft. Previous investigations have modeled the acceleration of lunar ions by the motional electric field of the surrounding plasma. However, in the terrestrial magnetotail, where the lunar ion density can equal or even exceed the ambient plasma density, other forces may play an important role in the tenuous plasma environment. Determining what forces govern lunar ion motion is important in understanding their interaction with the ambient plasma in the unique environment of the magnetotail. Based on a detailed analysis of two individual ARTEMIS observations, we find that magnetic pressure and magnetic tension forces may play an important role in accelerating the lunar ions.
Recruitment in a Mediterranean annual plant community: seed bank, emergence, litter, and intra- and inter-specific interactions

A small-scale field study was conducted to explain seedling emergence and recruitment of reproductive individuals in a four-year-old Mediterranean annual plant community. The analyzed levels were populations, functional types, and total number of individuals in the community. We hypothesized that the number of germinable seeds positively affects the number of emerged seedlings, which positively affects the number of reproductive individuals. We hypothesized as well that litter mass, biomass of established adults, and number of non-conspecific emerged seedlings negatively affect the numbers of emerged seedlings and reproductive individuals. The results supported our multivariate causal explanation of plant recruitment, although concordances with the initial hypotheses were more frequent at the community level. The effect of the number of germinable seeds on the number of emerged seedlings was found to be robust only at the community level. At the population level, this relationship did not have a consistent tendency and depended on species identity and range of seed density experienced. Litter had negative effects on total number of individuals in the community, and usually non-significant effects at the population level. Litter effects were found to be inversely related to seed mass, and sharper cotyledons did not improve seedling emergence likely by favoring litter mat penetration. Interactions among plant species appeared not to have any effect on seedling emergence and survival, and had positive effects on certain populations. Biomass of established adult plants exerted no influence on seedling emergence and survival, probably due to their low abundance in this community during the germination period. Results permitted the inference of the main stages in the recruitment process and causal factors. They provided evidence for the greater importance of germination and emergence in comparison with seedling survival to insure reproductive recruitment in this community.
Understanding the Meaning of Concepts Across Domains Through Collocation Analysis: An Application to the Study of Red Tape

Public administration scholarship is facing a crisis of legitimacy, as academic research is viewed as both increasingly irrelevant for practice and methodologically underdeveloped. In this study, we put forward a so-called collocation analysis approach, which is a useful tool for studying the meaning of key concepts in public administration and (re)focusing academic research agendas to salient societal problems by identifying how concepts are talked about in different domains. To illustrate our approach, we assess the meaning of red tape in academia, policy-making, and the media. Our dataset consists of 255 academic articles, 2,179 US Congressional Records, and 37,207 US newspaper articles mentioning red tape. We find that red tape has specific connotations in each domain, which limits the extent to which these domains are being bridged. Using the insights from our analysis, we develop a red tape research agenda that aims for more relevant and rigorous knowledge generation and conclude by setting out implications and ways forward for public administration research at large.
Skepticism Motivated: On the Skeptical Import of Motivated Reasoning

Abstract Empirical work on motivated reasoning suggests that our judgments are influenced to a surprising extent by our wants, desires, and preferences (Kahan 2016; Lord, Ross, and Lepper 1979; Molden and Higgins 2012; Taber and Lodge 2006). How should we evaluate the epistemic status of beliefs formed through motivated reasoning? For example, are such beliefs epistemically justified? Are they candidates for knowledge? In liberal democracies, these questions are increasingly controversial as well as politically timely (Beebe et al. 2018; Lynch Forthcoming, 2018; Slothuus and de Vreese 2010). And yet, the epistemological significance of motivated reasoning has been almost entirely ignored by those working in mainstream epistemology. We aim to rectify this oversight. Using politically motivated reasoning as a case study, we show how motivated reasoning gives rise to three distinct kinds of skeptical challenges. We conclude by showing how the skeptical import of motivated reasoning has some important ramifications for how we should think about the demands of intellectual humility.
Are mesic communities less drought-resistant? A study on moisture relationships in dry sclerophyll forest at Inglewood, South Australia

Soil moisture changes under two adjacent forest associations (Eucalyptus obliqua association in the more mesic environment, E. elaeophora association in the more xeric sites) were recorded in the Inglewood area of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The evidence indicated that the E. obliqua association had a higher index of evapotranspiration (Itr = Etr/Ew0.75) over most of the range of available water (soil moisture + rainfall) than the E. elaeophora association. The more mesic association consequently completely exhausted the stored soil moisture during periods of low rainfall and had to survive a drought period every year. The other association did not deplete the soil moisture reserves and in an average year, no drought occurred. Characteristic species of the more mesic association must be able to survive this drought period especially during the seedling stage.
Single Mothers’ Perspectives on the Combination of Motherhood and Work

This study aims to define the perspectives taken by single mothers when combining work and motherhood in a stressful work–life constellation. One of the challenges for single mothers after divorce is to find a work–life balance in their single-parent family system. Regarding work-life balance, we take a General Strain Perspective, describing the work-life conflict as a combination of financial strain and role strain. We argue that both strains are the most problematic for single mothers in comparison to their married and/or male counterparts, as both finances and parenthood ideologies are more under pressure. For this reason, we explore how single mothers coped with this strain, answering the question: ‘Which perspectives on the combination motherhood and work do single mothers take in their attempt to balance role strain and financial strain after divorce? ’ To answer this research question, we used a qualitative approach, based on 202 in-depth interviews with single mothers in Belgium. These interviews involved two groups: A primary research population of 13 single mothers and an elaborative research population of 189 single mothers. Timelines were used to structure the single mothers’ narratives. The analysis resulted in the contruction of a typology of four different perspectives based on how single mothers dealt with maternal role strain and financial strain: the re-invented motherhood perspective, the work-family symbiosis perspective, the work-centered motherhood perspective and the work-family conflicted perspective. We found that perspective of single mothers in their work-life strain can be described by the flexibility and/or strictness in either their motherhood ideology and/or their work context. These results point at the needs for policymakers, employers, and practitioners to focus on initiatives improving the work–life balance of single mothers by reducing financial and role strains.