Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source apportionment of submicron organic aerosols at an urban site by factor analytical modelling of aerosol mass spectra

Submicron ambient aerosol was characterized in summer 2005 at an urban background site in Zurich, Switzer- land, during a three-week measurement campaign. Highly time-resolved samples of non-refractory aerosol components were analyzed with an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used for the first time for aerosol mass spectra to identify the main com- ponents of the total organic aerosol and their sources. The PMF retrieved factors were compared to measured reference mass spectra and were correlated with tracer species of the aerosol and gas phase measurements from collocated instru- ments. Six factors were found to explain virtually all vari- ance in the data and could be assigned either to sources or to aerosol components such as oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA). Our analysis suggests that at the measurement site only a small (<10%) fraction of organic PM1 originates from freshly emitted fossil fuel combustion. Other primary sources identified to be of similar or even higher importance are charbroiling (10-15%) and wood burning ( 10%). The fraction of all identified primary sources is considered as pri- mary organic aerosol (POA). This interpretation is supported by calculated ratios of the modelled POA and measured pri- mary pollutants such as elemental carbon (EC), NOx, and CO, which are in good agreement to literature values. A high fraction (60-69%) of the measured organic aerosol mass is OOA which is interpreted mostly as secondary organic aerosol (SOA). This oxygenated organic aerosol can be sepa- rated into a highly aged fraction, OOA I, (40-50%) with low volatility and a mass spectrum similar to fulvic acid, and a more volatile and probably less processed fraction, OOA II (on average 20%). This is the first publication of a multiple component analysis technique to AMS organic spectral data and also the first report of the OOA II component.
Mechanical properties of materials for fusion power plants

Fusion power is the production of electricity from a hot plasma of deuterium and tritium, reacting to produce α particles and 14 MeV neutrons, which are collected by a cooling system. Their kinetic energy is transformed into heat and electricity via steam turbines. The constant flux of neutrons on the first wall of the reactor produces atomic displacement damage through collisions with nuclei, and gas bubbles as a result of transmutation reactions. This leads eventually to hardening and embrittlement. Designing a material able to withstand such intensity of damage is one of the main aim of research in the field of controlled fusion. In the past decades, many experiments have been carried out to understand the formation of radiation–induced damage and quantify the changes in mechanical properties of irradiated steels, but the lack of facilities prevents us from testing candidate materials in a fusion–like environment. Modelling techniques are utilised here to extract information and principles which can help estimate changes in steels due to damage. The elongation and yield strength of various low–activation ferritic/ martensitic steels were modelled by neural networks and Gaussian processes. These models were used to make predictions which were compared to experimental values. Combined with other techniques and thermodynamic tools, it was possible to understand the evolution of the mechanical properties of irradiated steel, with a particular focus on the role of chromium and the roles of irradiation temperature and irradiation dose. They were also used to extrapolate data related to fission and attempt to make predictions in fusion conditions. A set of general recommendations concerning the database used to train the neural networks were made and the usage of such a modelling technique in materials science is discussed.
High seasonal and spatial dynamics of bio-and photodegradation 1 in boreal humic waters

33 Studying competitive effects of microbial and light-induced degradation of dissolved 34 organic matter (DOM) is crucially important for understanding the factors controlling aquatic 35 carbon (C) transformation in boreal waters. However, studies addressing both DOM and trace 36 element (TE) behavior are limited, which does not allow assessment of coupled C – TE 37 (including macro-and micronutrients and toxicants) biogeochemical cycles in these 38 environmentally important settings. Here we conducted a seasonally-resolved assessment on the 39 degree of DOM and related major and TE transformation under biotic activity and sunlight using 40 conventional incubations of humic surface waters from the European subarctic. We studied bio-41 and photodegradation over 2 - 3 weeks in an ombrotrophic peatbog continuum (subsurface water 42 from piezometer - small peatland pool - outlet stream) during July, and in three horizons (0.5, 5 43 and 10 m) of deep (30 m), a stratified forest lake from the same region during June, August and 44 September. 45 Along the bog water continuum in July, biodegradation rate was the highest in subsurface 46 waters collected via piezometer and the lowest in the acidic peatland pool (0.17 to 0.03 mg C L - 47 1 d -1 , respectively). Photodegradation was similar for piezometrically collected subsurface waters 48 and the stream (about 0.3 mg C L -1 d -1 ), but was not detectable in the peatland pool. The waters 49 of forest lake exhibited a strong seasonal effect of biodegradation, which was the highest in 50 October and the lowest in June (0.04 and 0.02 mg C L -1 d -1 , respectively). The photodegradation 51 of DOM from the forest lake was observed only in June and August (0.19 and 0.07 mg C L -1 d - 52 1 , respectively). Biodegradation was capable of removing between 1 and 7 % of initial DOC, 53 being the highest in the forest lake in October and in peatland pool in summer. The photolysis 54 was capable of degrading a much higher proportion of the initial DOC (10-25 %), especially in
Evaluating the effect of compact urban form on air quality in Korea

Air quality is affected by the interplay between emission sources and urban planning factors such as land use, built environment, development pattern, and transportation. Few empirical studies have been conducted to determine the influence of urban form characteristics on air quality in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between urban form and air pollution, focusing on ozone pollution in Korea. The characteristics of urban form include density, concentration, clustering, and land use mix. In this study, those characteristics were measured by population density, the Theil index, Moran’s I index, G-statistic values, and an entropy index using statistical methods and a geographic information system. We employed a spatial regression model to consider the spatial effects of ozone concentrations. We found that the degree of urban land use mix, clustering, and concentration of development are significantly associated with better air quality by using a spatial lag model, which was found to be the best fit for the data used in this study. However, an increase in population density was found to be associated with exacerbated ozone concentrations. Communities with higher daily temperatures, a large number of cars, and polluting facilities exhibited poor air quality, while those with a larger percentage of residential land use tended to have lower ozone pollution. These findings suggest that, to properly address concerns over air quality, mixed-land use and compact urban form need to be more seriously considered in sustainable urban planning.
American Journal of Surgery and Clinical Case Reports

1. Abstract A case report of a pediatric patient in whom multiple congenital cardiac malformations coexist is presented below. The presentation of D-transposition of the great arteries (TGA) associated with total situs inversus and pulmonary artery atresia presented a challenge in surgical management, however, it could be carried out successfully using the Rastelli technique.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Features of Primary Hepatic Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma: Comparison with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Primary hepatic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a malignant tumor with a low incidence, but the number of case reports has increased in recent years. The prognosis of hepatic LELC is better than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The differentiation between hepatic LELC and HCC has clinical value during follow-up treatment. The purpose of our study was to compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging features in patients with hepatic LELC and HCC. Methods: Twelve patients with an average age of 60.1±9.5 years and histopathologically confirmed hepatic LELC were included in the study. Forty-three patients with an average age of 57.4±9.0 years and a histopathological diagnosis of HCC were designated as the control group by means of propensity score matching (1:4). The clinical data, B-mode ultrasound (BMUS), and CEUS features were retrospectively analyzed between patients with hepatic LELC and HCC. Results: The serum a-fetoprotein (58.1% [25/43] vs.16.7% [2/12]; p=0.017) and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin levels (74.4% [32/43] vs.16.7% [2/12]; p=0.001) were not significantly elevated in patients with hepatic LELCs compared to HCCs. LELCs were mainly hypoechoic based on BMUS, while the echogenicity of HCCs varied (p=0.016). A halo sign was less common in patients with hepatic LELCs than HCCs (16.7% [2/12] vs. 58.1% [25/43]; p=0.011). Of hepatic LELCs, 75% (9/12) had homogeneous hyperenhancement based on CEUS, whereas 58.1% (25/43) of HCCs had heterogeneous hyperenhancement (p=0.004). Early washout was noted in 91.7% (11/12) of hepatic LELCs compared to 46.5% (20/43) of HCCs (p=0.005). Furthermore, hepatic LELCs were more likely to exhibit peripheral rim-like hyperenhancement (83.3% [10/12] vs. 11.6% [5/43]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: BMUS and CEUS are helpful in discriminating between hepatic LELC and HCC. A hypoechoic mass, the rare halo sign, homogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase, higher frequencies of early washout, and peripheral rim-like hyperenhancement are useful ultrasound features that can help differentiate hepatic LELCs from HCCs.
Effect of partial root drying technique and fertigation on soil nutrient status of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L . )

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of partial root drying technique and fertigation on soil nutrients of pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa. The experiment comprising of 8 treatments, T 1 : Partial root drying technique (100% water requirement) + 100% nutrition (NPK), T 2 : Partial root drying technique (100% water requirement) + 75% nutrition (NPK), T 3 : Partial root drying technique (75% water requirement) + 100% nutrition by fertigation with 100% RDF of NPK, T 4 : Partial root drying technique (75% water requirement) + 75% nutrition by fertigation with 75% RDF of NPK, T 5 : Partial root drying technique (50% water requirement) + 100% nutrition by fertigation with 100% RDF of NPK, T 6 : Partial root drying technique (50% water requirement) + 75% nutrition by fertigation with 75% RDF of NPK, T 7 : Control i.e . normal drip irrigation (100% water requirement) + 100% nutrition by fertigation with 100% RDF of NPK, T 8 : Control i.e. normal drip irrigation on both sides of the plant (100% water requirement) + 75% nutrition by fertigation with 75% RDF of NPK. Among the interaction effect between irrigation and fertigation levels during flowering stage, maximum soil nitrogen content was noticed in I 2 N 1 treatment (284.17 kg ha -1 ) followed by I 1 N 1 treatment (282.39 kg ha -1 ). Whereas, minimum soil nitrogen content was noticed in I 3 N 2 treatment (276.20 kg ha -1 ). In harvest stage, the maximum soil nitrogen content was observed in I 3 N 1 treatment (219.75 kg ha -1 ) followed by I 3 N 2 treatment (218.88 kg ha -1 ). Whereas, minimum soil nitrogen content was noticed in I 2 N 2 treatment (206.75 kg ha -1 ).
The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Albian Stage, of the Cretaceous, the Col de Pré-Guittard section, Arnayon, Drôme, France

Following the unanimous approval of the Executive Committee on the International Union of Geological Sciences as notified on April 8, 2016, the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Albian Stage of the Cretaceous is defined at the first occurrence datum of the planktonic foraminiferan Microhedbergella renilaevis Huber and Leckie, 2011 at a level 37.4 meters above the base of the Marnes Bleues Formation and 40 cm above the base of the Niveau Kilian marker bed in the section SSE of the Col de Pre-Guittard, Arnayon, Drome, France. The first occurrence of Microhedbergella renilaevis is placed within a 100-m section of argillaceous sediments with 28 secondary markers including calcareous nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera, an inoceramid bivalve, ammonites, stable carbon isotopes, and local marker beds.
The prevalence of COVID-19 infection in patients having The prevalence of COVID-19 infection in patients having autoimmune or chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases autoimmune or chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases

Objective : Patients who suffer from immune-mediated or chronic in ﬂ ammatory rheumatic diseases show a varying likelihood of getting hospital-diagnosed COVID-19. This study helps to search the individual risk factors involved in COVID-19 susceptibility and to provide a basis to develop a better preventive recommendation to rheumatic patients. Methods : We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis with patients being monitored and followed up in Mataria Teaching Hospital ' s rheumatology department. We compared newly updated datasets of adult rheumatology patients with positive PCR tests for COVID-19 that is conducted in the hospital and identi ﬁ ed as having chronic in ﬂ ammatory arthritis (IA), autoimmune or immune-mediated disease (AI/IMID) to the same reference populations. Furthermore, we examined PCR þ veri ﬁ ed COVID-19 rates also among groups. Between April and May 2020, after the incidence peak of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection had been attained, patients ' medical record IDs were checked and reviewed. Results : The study included a hundred and eighty patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (mean age, 48.74 ± 13.25), and 88.5% were female. Compared to the reference population, patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases had a reduced prevalence of hospital PCR þ COVID-19 (33.9% vs. 66.1%). Individuals with SPA did not exhibit a substantial rise in prevalence, in contrast to those with rheumatoid arthritis who displayed a signi ﬁ cantly higher prevalence. In several diagnostic groupings, but not all, COVID-19 individuals were found to be older than those from the general population. While having a similar age distribution, patients with in ﬂ ammatory arthritis who were on biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) had a lower prevalence than those on conventional-synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). Conclusion : The risk of receiving a COVID-19 hospital diagnosis varies among patients with autoimmune rheumatic illnesses. Age, medications, and factors connected to diseases all appear to interact and have an impact. These ﬁ ndings serve as a foundation for strengthening preventive recommendations to rheumatic patients and for identifying the precise variables that in ﬂ uence COVID-19 susceptibility.
Mathematical modelling of slurry flow with medium solid particles

The paper deals with a solid-liquid turbulent flow with moderate and high solids concentration, which appears widely in chemical and mining industries. The slurry transported through a straight pipe contains medium solid particles of averaged diameters higher than 0.1 mm and lower than 0.8 mm surrounded by water as a carrier liquid. Mathematical model assumed that that flow is turbulent, fully developed and axially symmetrical with steady viscosity equal to carrier liquid viscosity and density depending on solids concentration. The model uses time averaged momentum equation and the problem of closure is solved by two-equation turbulence model, which includes a new turbulence damping function specially developed for such slurry flows. The mathematical model is suitable to predict slurry flow with medium solid particles and solids concentration from 10% to 40% by volume. Numerical predictions were compared with measurements showing good accuracy. Possible reason of turbulence damping which appears close to the pipe wall is discussed.
Detection of Waste Materials Using Deep Learning and Image Processing

The process of segregating waste prompts the generation of energy out of waste, diminishing landfills, recycling, and reduction of waste. Erroneous disposal of waste leads to recycling contamination. Contamination is a tremendous issue to the recycling industry that can be alleviated with automatic computerized waste sorting. The presence of models or strategies which help people to sort trash has become extremely important in the right discard of that garbage. Even though there are various sorts of recycling categories, many people remain confused or cannot appropriately recognize how to decide the right trash bin to dispose of every trash. Waste management and systematic sorting of them are considered to be a significant role in ecological development around the world. Society needs to lessen waste by recycling and reusing discarded materials that result in reducing environmental problems. This project aims to create an automated waste detection system using a deep learning algorithm that will gather the waste images or videos from a camera with object recognition, detection & prediction, and categorize the waste materials like cardboard, glass, metal, paper, plastic, and trash so that the waste can be properly dumped in the recyclable and non-recyclable bin.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF SEVERE SLUGGING IN PIPELINE-RISER SYSTEMS

A mathematical model, numerical simulations and a stability map corresponding to severe slugging in catenary risers, commonly used in offshore petroleum production systems, are presented. In the simulations air and water were used as ﬂowing ﬂuids, in order to make a comparison with experimental results. The mathematical model considers continuity equations for liquid and gas phases, with a simpliﬁed momentum equation for the mixture, neglecting inertia. A drift-ﬂux model, evaluated for the local conditions in the riser, is used as a closure law. The developed model predicts the location of liquid accumulation front in the pipeline and the liquid level in the riser, so it is possible to determine which type of severe slugging is occurring in the system.
Increased EHRA Score Predicts Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Cryoablation

Abstract Aim: Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence occurs in 20-30% of patients despite cryoablation treatment. We aimed to investigate the importance of CHA2DS2-VASc, TIMI-AF, ATRIA, HASBLED and EHRA scoring systems in identifying patients with late-stage AF recurrence in patients who received cryoablation due to paroxysmal AF (PAF). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 300 patients who received cryoablation because of PAF. EHRA, CHA2DS2-VASc, TIMI AF, ATRIA and HASBLED scores used in the clinic were calculated for AF burden, stroke and bleeding risk in patients. AF recurrence was defined as detection of AF in 12-lead electrocardiography or observation of AF attack for at least 30 seconds in Holter ECG recording. Patients were divided into 2 groups as patients with and without AF recurrence. Results: In the follow-up of patients who underwent cryoablation due to PAF, AF recurrence was detected in 47 (16%) patients. CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, HASBLED and EHRA scores were significantly higher in the patient group with AF recurrence (p<0.05 for each). TIMI-AF score was similar between the two groups. When logistic regression analysis was performed to identify patients with AF recurrence, variables of HT (OR:3.322, 95% CI:1.659 – 6.620, p=0.001), BMI (OR:1.087, 95% CI:1.011 – 1.169, p=0.024) and EHRA scoring system (OR:3.503, 95% CI:1.680 – 7.306, p=0.001) were determined as independent markers for AF recurrence. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that EHRA scoring system should be used for AF ablation decision, as well as its ability to predict AF recurrence, would be clinically useful.
A review on sand sample reconstitution methods and procedures for undrained simple shear test

Abstract This paper discusses the common methods available for reconstituting sand samples that are used for soil strength characterization. Reconstituted samples are preferred to undisturbed samples because the current field sampling procedures cannot retrieve granular soil specimens at a reasonable cost. Water sedimentation is generally recognized as the better one than the other common methods such as moist tamping and air pluviation. Most of the existing literature about sand specimen reconstitution is designated for triaxial set-up, and there is no study specifically for simple shear set-up in this topic. Therefore, this paper discusses the differences in reconstituting sand specimens between triaxial and simple shear setups. Two reconstitution methods particularly designed for undrained simple shear tests were introduced and tested through a CSS testing programme. The CSS test data are also compared with the results from published literature, and the strain-based criteria for liquefaction initiation are reviewed.
J C O M #WomenInSTEM: exploring self-presentation of identity on Instagram

Despite prior research on portrayals of women in STEM in traditional media, fewer studies have considered portrayals on social media. This content analysis of Instagram posts ( N = 300 ) examined how individuals using the hashtag #WomenInSTEM presented their gender identity, STEM identity, and other social identities through digital self-portraits, selﬁes, and associated text. Results showed that those associating with this hashtag community primarily presented: 1) counter-gender-stereotyped portrayals, but occasionally reﬂected gender stereotypes in subtle ways; 2) STEM identity portrayals, mostly focused on self-recognition; and 3) self-promotional and lifestyle portrayals. Findings advance understanding of identity presentation and negotiation for individuals associating with the hashtag #WomenInSTEM through portrayals presented on Instagram. Implications for the use of social media to promote equity in STEM through outreach programs that feature women STEM role models are discussed. Abstract
Local Governments: Outcomes of Enterprise Resource Planning System on Organizational Productivity

Leaders within local government organizations do not understand how to achieve expected and desired benefits from the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The lack of alignment between social and technical elements in ERP implementation continues to depress organizational productivity. The prime objective of our quantitative correlational study was to examine whether social and technical elements increase use and productivity in ERP implementation. Sociotechnical systems theory provided the theoretical basis for our study. We examined six dimensional variables relating to ERP implementation. Our key findings indicated positive significant relationships between ERP and information sharing, between ERP system quality and ease of ERP use