Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The One-Man Show: The Effect of Joint Decision-Making on Investor Overconfidence

This study examines the impact of shared decision-making on investor overconfidence. Data from 2,000 investors, 6,394 consumers, and 657 experimental participants shed light on whether consumers who engage in joint financial decision-making are less affected by investor overconfidence than those who decide on their own. The findings show that investors who jointly decide are substantially less overconfident. However, family- or friend-inclined interactions are more effective in reducing overconfidence than relying on a financial advisor. The current research theoretically argues and empirically shows that shared metaknowledge drives this diminishing effect by highlighting unknown aspects of a financial decision. Compared to providing investors with solutions, problem reformulation, validation, or legitimation, only metaknowledge consistently decreases overconfidence in joint financial decision-making. It is argued that the process of highlighting unknowns can explain why interactions with family and friends have a more pronounced impact on investor overconfidence than consulting a professional advisor. The study provides a feasible debiasing tool to consumers, financial institutions, and other financial service providers to decrease overconfidence by emphasizing unknown aspects of an investment toward improving the quality of a consumer’s financial decisions under uncertainty.
Jump Conditions for Hyperbolic Systems of Forced Conservation Laws with an Application to Gravity Currents

Weak solutions to systems of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws admit discontinuities that result from either an initial value or as part of the temporally developing solution itself. The propagation of such shocks or jumps is affected by forcing terms for the nonlinear system in a way that has not been investigated fully in standard references. Jump conditions for systems of conservation laws with discontinuous forcing terms are derived herein, following the method used to derive the Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions, and the generalized results are illustrated for the one‐dimensional inviscid Burger's equation with discontinuous forcing. The main application of this type of jump condition, and the primary motivation for its study, is its application to a shallow‐water model of gravity currents previously described by the authors. Specifically, a new result relation between the front and height at a gravity current front is obtained by using the existing model. Front speeds for gravity currents resulting from instantaneous release are calculated numerically and used to determine the suitability of the jump conditions, which are then compared with existing theoretical expressions and experimental observations. New numerical results are portrayed for the gravity current model, suggesting that the standard method of modeling shallow‐water gravity currents with a simple Froude number front condition may tend to suppress some of the finer details of the flow resolved by the numerical scheme used by the authors.
Anthropometric Parameters in Patients with Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: A Case–Control Study, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study compared the anthropometric parameters of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) and healthy controls, showing an increased prevalence of abnormal body weight (overweight and obesity) in the FAOD group. First, differences in BMI, BMI percentiles and z-scores, and weight and weight percentiles were compared in a cohort of 39 patients with FAOD and 156 healthy controls, as well as between patients born before and after the introduction of a populational newborn screening programme (NBS) in 2014 in Poland. We also performed a systematic literature review yielding 12 studies mentioning anthropometric parameters in 80 FAOD patients and 121 control subjects, followed by a meta-analysis of data from 8 studies and our cohort. There were significant differences in body weight percentiles (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.022), BMI percentiles (p = 0.003) and BMI z-scores (p = 0.001) between FAOD patients and controls in our cohort but not between pre- and post-newborn-screening patients. The meta-analysis did not show any differences in weight and BMI in all tested subgroups, i.e., all FAOD patients vs. controls, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCADD) patients vs. controls and patients with FAOD types other than MCAD vs. controls. These results, however, should be interpreted with caution due to the overall low quality of evidence as assessed by GRADE, the small sample sizes and the significant heterogeneity of the included data.
PRODUCTION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS DURING THE EARLY PHASES OF A C9.7 FLARE

Explosive chromospheric evaporation is predicted from some current solar flare models. In this paper, we analyze a flare with high time cadence raster scans with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board the Hinode spacecraft. This observation covers an area of 240″ × 240″, with the 1″ slit in about 160 s. The early phases of a C9.7 flare that occurred on 2007 June 6 were well observed. The purpose of our analysis is to study for the first time the spatially resolved spectra of high-temperature plasma, especially from Fe xxiii and Fe xxiv, allowing us to explore the explosive chromospheric evaporation scenario further. Sections of raster images obtained between 17:20:09 and 17:20:29 (UT) show a few bright patches of emission from Fe xxiii/Fe xxiv lines at the footpoints of the flaring loops; these footpoints were not clearly seen in the images taken earlier, between 17:17:30 and 17:17:49 (UT). Fe xxiii spectra at these footpoints show dominating blueshifted components of −(300 to 400) km s−1, while Fe xv/xiv lines are nearly stationary; Fe xii lines and/or lower temperature lines show slightly redshifted features, and Fe viii and Si vii to He ii lines show ∼+50 km s−1 redshifted components. The density of the 1.5–2 MK plasma at these footpoints is estimated to be 3 × 1010 cm−3 by the Fe xiii/xiv line pairs around the maximum of the flare. High-temperature loops connecting the footpoints appear in the Fe xxiii/xxiv images taken over 17:22:49–17:23:08 (UT) which is near the flare peak. Line profiles of these high-temperature lines at this flare peak time show only slowly moving components. The concurrent cooler Fe xvii line at 254.8 Å is relatively weak, indicating the predominance of high-temperature plasma (>107 K) in these loops. The characteristics observed during the early phases of this flare are consistent with the scenario of explosive chromospheric evaporation.
Experimental study of plate buckling induced by spatial temperature gradients

An experimental study of plate buckling induced by spatial temperature gradients is described. A rectangular Hastelloy-X plate is subjected to local line heating by a focused quartz heat lamp. Two parallel plate edges are maintained at constant temperature by coolant flow. Point supports provide well-defined thermal-structural boundary conditions. Test results including temperature and displacements from transient elastic and inelastic tests demonstrate that substantial plate bending occurs due to initial plate warpage and thermally induced membrane compressive stresses.
Coupled Atomization and Spray Modelling in the Spray Forming Process using Open Foam

Abstract The paper presents a numerical model capable of simulating the atomization, break-up and in-flight spray phenomena in the spray forming process. The model is developed and implemented in the freeware code openFOAM. The focus is on studying the coupling effect of the melt break-up phenomena with the local gas and droplets flow fields. The work is based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian description, which is implemented in a full 3D representation. The gas is described by the incompressible RANS equations, whereas the movement of the droplets is modeled by a tracking approach, together with a full thermal model for droplet cooling and solidification. The model is tested and validated against results from literature and experiments. Subsequently, the model is used to simulate the complex flow fields in the spray forming process and the results are discussed. The presented model of the spray forming process is able to predict the droplet size distribution of the spray from the process conditions, by introducing submodels for the melt fragmentation and successive secondary break-up processes as part of the spray model. Furthermore, the competition of drop break-up and solidification is derived by describing the thermal state of the particles in the spray. Therefore, the model includes a full thermal solver for the droplets, which also takes the rapid solidification of different drop sizes into account.
Aspects of short‐term probabilistic blending in different weather regimes

This study explores the potential of regime‐dependent approaches to improve short‐range precipitation forecasts. Probabilistic forecasts have been generated from the radar nowcaster Radar Tracking and Monitoring (Rad‐TRAM) and the convection‐permitting weather prediction model of the Consortium for Small‐scale Modeling, Deutscher Wetterdienst (COSMO‐DE) using the neighbourhood method for a 99 day period during summer 2009. The convective adjustment time‐scale was used to classify the days of the investigated period into stratiform, equilibrium and non‐equilibrium convection regimes. The COSMO‐DE forecasts were calibrated using the reliability diagram method and blended with the nowcasts using an additive weighting, where the weighting function varies with lead time according to the time evolution of the conditional square root of ranked probability score (CSRR). The examination of two case studies showed large differences in the calibration and weighting functions for different regimes. Over the entire period, regime‐dependent calibration was found to produce large improvements in reliability in comparison with the uncalibrated forecasts; however, the results were only modestly better than with a single calibration function. The blending procedure successfully combined the nowcast and forecast information, in the sense that the blended forecast was as good as either of the two components, but there was no further gain expected from regime‐dependent weighting if regime‐dependent calibration had already been performed.
Extensions, interpolation and matching in $R^D$

Suppose we are given an almost isometry $\phi:E\to \mathbb R^D$ where $E$ is a finite subset of $\mathbb R^D$. Is it possible to decide if $\phi$ can be extended to an almost isometry to the whole of $\mathbb R^D$? In this paper, we study this interesting question. It turns out that this question is also basic to problems of interpolation and matching in theoretical computer science. We study these connections as well.
Why low bounce balls exhibit high rolling resistance

A simple experiment is described to measure the coefficient of rolling friction for a low bounce ball rolling on a horizontal surface. As observed previously by others, the coefficient increased with rolling speed. The energy loss due to rolling friction can be explained in terms of the measured coefficient of restitution for the ball, meaning that low bounce balls have a higher coefficient of rolling friction than high bounce balls.
Resolution analysis in full waveform inversion

We propose a new method for the quantitative resolution analysis in full seismic waveform inversion that overcomes the limitations of classical synthetic inversions while being computationally more efficient and applicable to any misfit measure. The method rests on (1) the local quadratic approximation of the misfit functional in the vicinity of an optimal earth model, (2) the parametrization of the Hessian in terms of a parent function and its successive derivatives and (3) the computation of the space-dependent parameters via Fourier transforms of the Hessian, calculated with the help of adjoint techniques. In the simplest case of a Gaussian approximation, we can infer rigorously defined 3-D distributions of direction-dependent resolution lengths and the image distortion introduced by the tomographic method. We illustrate these concepts with a realistic full waveform inversion for upper-mantle structure beneath Europe. As a corollary to the method for resolution analysis, we propose several improvements to full waveform inversion techniques. These include a pre-conditioner for optimization schemes of the conjugate-gradient type, a new family of Newton-like methods, an approach to adaptive parametrization independent from ray theory and a strategy for objective functional design that aims at maximizing resolution. The computational requirements of our approach are less than for a typical synthetic inversion, but yield a much more complete picture of resolution and trade-offs. While the examples presented in this paper are rather specific, the underlying idea is very general. It allows for problem-dependent variations of the theme and for adaptations to exploration scenarios and other wave-equation-based tomography techniques that employ, for instance, georadar or microwave data
A criterion for vortex breakdown

A criterion for the onset of vortex breakdown over a wide range of the Reynolds number is proposed. Based upon previous experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies, as well as a new numerical study, an appropriately defined local Rossby number is used to delineate the region where breakdown occurs. Comparisons are made with previously suggested criticality parameters and the unique features of the proposed Rossby number parameter are shown. A number of previous theoretical studies concentrating on inviscid standing‐wave analyses for trailing wing‐tip vortices are reviewed and reinterpreted, along with the previous numerical and experimental studies, in terms of the Rossby number parameter. For the case of trailing wing‐tip‐type vortices, it is shown that previous numerical studies were performed at lower Reynolds numbers than the corresponding laboratory experiments. Utilizing a consistently defined Reynolds number, Rossby number–Reynolds number plots of these previous vortex breakdown studies, for both trailing wing‐tip and leading‐edge vortices, are obtained. A criticality condition is identified for both types of vortices.
Exploiting the DNA Damaging Activity of Liposomal Low Dose Cytarabine for Cancer Immunotherapy

Perhaps the greatest limitation for the continually advancing developments in cancer immunotherapy remains the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) axis is an emerging immunotherapy target, with the resulting type I interferons and transcription factors acting at several levels in both tumor and immune cells for the generation of adaptive T cell responses. The cGAS-STING axis activation by therapeutic agents that induce DNA damage, such as certain chemotherapies, continues to be reported, highlighting the importance of the interplay of this signaling pathway and the DNA damage response in cancer immunity/immunotherapy. We have developed a multi-targeted mannosylated cationic liposomal immunomodulatory system (DS) which contains low doses of the chemotherapeutic cytarabine (Ara-C). In this work, we show that entrapment of non-cytotoxic doses of Ara-C within the DS improves its ability to induce DNA double strand breaks in human ovarian and colorectal cancer cell lines, as well as in various immune cells. Importantly, for the first time we demonstrate that the DNA damage induced by Ara-C/DS translates into cGAS-STING axis activation. We further demonstrate that Ara-C/DS-mediated DNA damage leads to upregulation of surface expression of immune ligands on cancer cells, coinciding with priming of cytotoxic lymphocytes as assessed using an ex vivo model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from colorectal cancer patients, as well as an in vitro NK cell model. Overall, the results highlight a broad immunotherapeutic potential for Ara-C/DS by enhancing tumor-directed inflammatory responses.
The Nonlinear Evolution of Disturbances to a Parabolic Jet

Abstract It has been shown that the linearized equations for disturbances to a parabolic jet on a β plane, with curvature Un0(y) such that the basic-state absolute vorticity gradient β − Un0(y) is zero, ultimately become inconsistent in the neighborhood of the jet axis and that nonlinear effects become important. Numerical solutions of the nonlinear long-time asymptotic form of the equations are presented. The numerical results show that the algebraic decay of the disturbances as t−1/2 predicted by the linear equations is inhibited by the nonlinear formation of coherent vortices new the jet axis. These lead to a disturbance amplitude that decays only through the action of weak numerical diffusion but is otherwise as t0. The linear theory is extended to the case when the basic-state absolute vorticity gradient is nonzero but weak. When the gradient is weak and negative the decay is modified and is ultimately as t−3/2. When the gradient is weak and positive, on the other hand, a discrete eigenmode is excite.
Switching Order Statistics through Random Power Contractions

This paper investigates a new random contraction scheme which complements the length‐biasing and convolution contraction schemes considered in the literature. A random power contraction is used with order statistics, leading to new and elegant characterizations of the power distribution. In view of Rossberg's counter‐example of a non‐exponential law with exponentially distributed spacings of order statistics, possibly the most appealing consequence of the result is a characterization of the exponential distribution via an independent exponential shift of order statistics.
On the local theory of quaternionic anti-hermitian forms

The purpose of this paper is to give a theory of the anti-hermitian forms. over a $\mathfrak{p}$ -adic quaternion algebra $\mathfrak{D},$ $i$ . $e$ . the unique quaternion division algebra over a given $\mathfrak{p}$ -adic number field. We shall determine in \S 2 the types (in the sense of Witt) of such anti-hermitian forms, showing that the type of an anti-hermitian form over $\mathfrak{D}$ is uniquely determined by the parity of the number of variables and by its discriminant, and that these two invariants can be given arbitrarily (Theorem 3). \S 3 is concerned with the ’ maximal integral lattice’ ; we shall prove the Witt decomposition theorem for such lattices, and using this, obtain some results on the structure of the group of automorphisms (or of similitudes) of an anti-hermitian form over $\mathfrak{D}$, which are quite analogous to those obtained by Tamagawa for other classical groups. \S 1 is of preliminary nature and contains some definitions and known results indispensable for our considerations.
A Consistent Numerical Method for the Solution of Nonlinear Elasticity Problems at Finite Strains

Abstract : Based on an absolute minimum principle for small deformations superimposed on a finitely deformed, stable configuration of an elastic solid, a consistent numerical method is developed for a step-by-step incremental solution of large deformation problems which include material as well as geometric nonlinearities (finite rotations and strains). The Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations are presented and compared. Piecewise linear displacement fields are considered, where tetrahedral elements of arbitrary dimensions for the three-dimensional problems, and triangular elements for the plane strain problems are used. Both compressible and incompressible elastic materials are considered, and explicit results are given. Two numerical examples are worked out in detail to illustrate the results. Finally, the incremental method is combined with an iterative scheme, whence an effective method which provides more accurate results with less computational efforts is obtained. (Author)
Food Accessibility in the Suburbs of the Metropolitan City of Antwerp (Belgium): A Factor of Concern in Local Public Health and Active and Healthy Aging

Population aging and declining birth rates are key demographic trends of the 21st century. While the overall life expectancy and healthy life years increase, the quality of life and functional capacity worsens due to non-communicable diseases strongly related to aging. Therefore, aging citizens are often vulnerable to food insecurity. The aim of this paper is to provide insights into the physical accessibility of fresh food and possible alternatives within the setting of an aging society in Antwerp (Belgium), a metropolitan city at the heart of the EU Reference Site ‘Three Rivers Food Delta’. We demonstrate that a large number of the Antwerp suburban areas in which 15 to 25% of current inhabitants are already over 65 years old are confronted with problematic physical accessibility of food due to long walking distances to the nearest food shop. E-commerce has the potential to provide better access to fresh food. This is especially relevant for people with specific needs, such as health-related diets, dysphagia, and/or limited mobility. However, e-commerce introduces new inequalities, as those who would benefit the most from digital accessibility currently use it least. Hence, the organization of fresh food access requires a more thoughtful organization of the ‘last mile’ and possible alternatives to home delivery. This makes food accessibility an urgent factor of concern in public health and healthy aging in the Antwerp suburban areas.
Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions—Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is a cytologic diagnosis etiologically related to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection that leads to the release of inflammation mediators, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased levels of antioxidants in tissues, which is why antioxidants might be considered effective against SIL progression. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation (600 mg/day) on the regression of low-grade SIL in 100 patients. Low-grade SIL was determined after the cytological screening, colposcopic examination and targeted biopsy and histological confirmation of cytological–colposcopic diagnosis. Inflammation parameters and the presence of HPV were determined by standard laboratory methods. Dietary and lifestyle habits were investigated using a standardized and validated semi-quantitative food questionnaire (FFQ). ALA supplementation significantly reduced the proportion of patients with low-grade cytological abnormalities, in comparison to placebo. Given the obtained level of significance (p < 0.001), the presented results indicate that short-term ALA supplementation shows a clinically significant effect on cervical cytology. Future studies should focus on the use of innovative formulations of ALA that might induce bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency against HPV infection and the investigation of synergistic effects of concurrent dietary/lifestyle modification and ALA supplementation in both low-grade and high-grade SIL.