Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of rope spoilage in bread caused by Bacillus species

Rope spoilage of bread by eight Bacillus isolates obtained from a bakery environment was examined via direct inoculation of slices of bread with bacterial culture. The three types of loaf examined were two soft grain varieties, one containing vinegar and the other containing calcium propionate as the preservative agent, and a white variety containing calcium propionate. Differences in rope production caused by batch variation were studied by comparing seven loaves of each type of bread. Not all isolates were capable of causing extensive rope, but isolates of Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium and B. pumilus were able to produce such spoilage. Limited rope was also caused by pre‐existing Bacillus species within the loaves. The amount of rope production by an isolate was not constant on all loaf types or even between different batches of the same variety, indicating that approaches that rely on direct inoculation of loaves with culture are not applicable for assessing the rope‐inducing potential of Bacillus isolates. However, it was clear from this study that vinegar in soft grain loaves was more effective than calcium propionate at inhibiting rope.
Functionality of lipids and lipid-protein interactions in cereal-derived food products

Lipids and especially cereal lipids play a significant role in the processing and quality of cereals and baked cereal foods (bread, biscuits) and beverages (beer). Most of the physico-chemical mechanisms responsible for the lipid functionality has been investigated and recently the specific role of lipid-binding proteins, e.g. lipid transfer proteins and puroindolines, has been highlighted. The state of the researches performed in this field are briefly presented in this review and the data obtained until now show that new perspectives are opened in cereal breeding and processing for improving the quality of cereals and cereal products.
Aphid Attraction and Preference for Soybean and Pepper Plants Infected with Potyviridae

The progress of nonpersistently transmitted virus epidemics can be substantially altered by the degree of aphid attraction and preference for virus-infected plants. Our objective was to determine whether color or odor-mediated cues of plants infected with Potyviridae mediate aphid attraction. We found that Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) preferred alighting on intensely (highly saturated) yellow than on green (plant-like) or brown (soil-like) ceramic tiles, and expressed no preference for landing on leaves infected with soybean mosaic virus (SMV) or on chlorophyll-deficient soybean leaves. Furthermore, neither aphid species showed odor-mediated attraction to leaf extracts of SMV-infected leaves. Also, R. maidis remained longer on uninfected than on SMV-infected soybean plants before taking flight, although M. periscae exhibited no preference. Neither aphid species had a preference to remain on healthy or potato virus Y-infected plants. Therefore, we conclude that both aphid species when landing are equally likely to alight on healthy or SMV-infected soybean plants in the field, but R. maidis is likely to remain a shorter time on SMV-infected than on healthy plants before taking off. The fact that aphids leave the infected plant soon after probing increases the probability of finding another plant and making an infective probe before the vector loses its potential to inoculate the virus. These results could be used to increase the precision of existing simulations models, such as the one previously developed for SMV.
Digital Psychiatry: Ethical Risks and Opportunities for Public Health and Well-Being

Common mental health disorders are rising globally, creating a strain on public healthcare systems. This has led to a renewed interest in the role that digital technologies may have for improving mental health outcomes. One result of this interest is the development and use of artificial intelligence for assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental health issues, which we refer to as ‘digital psychiatry’. This article focuses on the increasing use of digital psychiatry outside of clinical settings, in the following sectors: education, employment, financial services, social media, and the digital well-being industry. We analyse the ethical risks of deploying digital psychiatry in these sectors, emphasising key problems and opportunities for public health, and offer recommendations for protecting and promoting public health and well-being in information societies.
The conflict-cooperation effect persists under intragroup payoff asymmetry

In real-world intergroup conflict, not all in-group members are equally threatened by the out-group. Yet, the impact of intragroup payoff asymmetry on the inclination to mutually cooperate during intergroup conflict and therefore to protect against out-group attacks, i.e., the “conflict-cooperation effect,” has not been investigated so far. In Study 1, we replicate previous research by using a novel experimental game paradigm, showing increased intragroup cooperation in the presence (vs. absence) of out-group threat under intragroup payoff symmetry. In Study 2, we find a conflict-cooperation effect among group members who are threatened (victims) as well as among group members who are not threatened (helpers) by the out-group. Intragroup cohesiveness, i.e., perceived closeness among in-group members, mediates the conflict-cooperation effect, particularly among selfishly-oriented individuals. Our results support the notion that intergroup conflict may have favored the evolutionary adaption of intragroup cooperation even when the in-group members were asymmetrically threatened by intergroup conflict.
Cyperus insularis (Cyperaceae), a new species of sedge from northern New Zealand

Abstract Cyperus insularis Heenan et de Lange is described as a new species for plants that have previously been considered to be a northern variant of C. ustulatus. This new species is distinguished from C. ustulatus by a suite of floral and vegetative characters. These include grey‐green leaves and involucral bracts, light pink or light purple‐pink leaf sheaths, a uniformly green culm, the inflorescence rays usually branched, glumes and ray bracts green at flowering and drying yellow brown to light brown at fruiting, and longer spikes, anthers, and filaments. The chromosome number of C. insularis is 2n = 112–114. C. insularis occurs mainly on northern offshore islands, and appears to be the only species of Cyperus present on the Kermadec, Three Kings, Poor Knights, and Mokohinau islands, while it is sympatric with C. ustulatus on the Hen and Chickens Islands, Great Barrier Island, and at several mainland locations. A lectotype for C. ustulatus f. grandispiculosus is selected from the Carse Herbarium.
COYOTE RESPONSES TO VISUAL AND OLFACTORY STIMULI RELATED TO FAMILIARITY WITH AN AREA

Individual coyotes (Canis latrans) are infrequently captured within their familiar areas of activity. Current hypotheses are that the differential capture vulnerability may involve neophobia or inattentiveness. To assess the effect of familiarity, I measured coyote responsiveness to sensory cues encountered in familiar and novel settings. Seventy-four captive coyotes were presented with visual and olfactory stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar 1-ha enclosures. The visual stimuli were black or white wooden cubes of three sizes (4, 8, and 16 cm per side). The olfactory stimuli were fatty acid scent, W-U lure (trimethylammonium decanoate plus sulfide additives), and coyote urine and liquefied feces. Overall, coyotes were more responsive to stimuli during exploration in unfamiliar than in familiar enclosures. None of 38 coyotes that responded were neophobic toward the olfactory stimuli. The frequency of coyote response, and the resulting degrees of neophobia, did not differ between the black and white visual st.
Have State Supreme Court Elections Nationalized?

Abstract Over the past several years, scholars of political behavior have become increasingly interested in the nationalization of U.S. elections. Research has shown that there is now a strong connection between presidential vote patterns and voting in House, Senate, gubernatorial, and state legislative elections. In this article, we extend previous research by examining the role of the presidential vote in state supreme court elections. Using an original dataset containing county-level election results (N = 15,237) from 2000-2018 for all states that hold partisan or nonpartisan state supreme court elections, we examine the influence of presidential vote share in state supreme court elections. A number of important findings emerge. First, we find that presidential vote share influences voting in state supreme court contests. There is a statistically significant relationship in both partisan and nonpartisan elections even after controlling for incumbency, though the relationship is much stronger in states with partisan elections. Second, the relationship between presidential vote share and the state supreme court vote has been quite stable over time in states with partisan elections. Third, in states with states with nonpartisan elections, there has been some variability in the relationship between presidential and state supreme court voting patterns, although the data reveal an uptick in the strength of the relationship over time. Future research should continue to track the role of national political forces in state supreme court elections.
KINETICS AND HYDROLYSIS PARAMETERS OF TOTAL FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES OF ONION BULBS: EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE REGIMES AND CULTIVARS

This work studied the percentage of hydrolysis, observed hydrolysis rate constant (k obs ), half-life time (t 1/2 ) and kinetics of degradation of the total fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of three different onion bulb cultivars (Yellow Spanish, Red Amposta and Tenshin) kept during 6 months under three temperature regimes, 10, 15 and 20C. The percentage of hydrolysis of FOS was higher at 20C than at 10C and ranged from 47 to 58% at 10C, from 63 to 68% at 15C and from 74 to 83% at 20C. The k obs ranged from 27 x 10 -3 to 36 x 10 -3 / week at 10C and from 41 x 10 -3 /week to 47 x 10 -3 /week at 15C, while at 20C, it was high and was about k obs 56 x 10 -3 /week. The t 1/2 decreased when temperature increased, and varied from 19.5 to 26.0 weeks at 10C, from 14.6 to 16.8 weeks at 15C and from 9.4 to 12.3 weeks at 20C, indicating that high degree of polymerization (DP) FOS have shorter lives than low DP FOS. Linear regression and kinetics of hydrolysis have shown that FOS hydrolysis is higher at 20C, with a coefficient of regression ranging between 0.87 and 0.99. Apparently, FOS hydrolysis is temperature independent, and storage time had more effect on the higher DP FOS than on the lower DP FOS.
Physiologic variation in Mycosphaerella graminicola from western Canada

Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici), the causal agent of septoria leaf blotch of wheat, has increased in prevalence in the prairie region of Canada in recent years. It is important to know if variation in virulence occurs in the local population as was reported in other countries. Seventy-four pathogen isolates were collected from hexaploid wheat fields in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and tested for virulence on a set of differential genotypes, including four hexaploid and two tetraploid wheat genotypes. Seedlings were inoculated with a conidial suspension and assessed 14 and 21 days later for the presence of necrosis, chlorosis, and pycnidia to identify virulence patterns. Reactions of the differential host genotypes to different isolates ranged from susceptible to near-immune. Adult-plant reactions were similar to seedling reactions for all genotypes used in this study. A difference in virulence patterns on one genotype suggested that physiological specialization occurs and that two virulence groups are present in the pathogen population from western Canada, based on the set of wheat genotypes used in this study
Comparison of Cooperation Modes in a Two-Period Closed-Loop Supply Chain System considering Green Manufacturing

In order to improve the efficiency of collection and green manufacturing level in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) system, the manufacturer invests green manufacturing efforts in product design and production process and intends to cooperate with other CLSC members to achieve excellent performance. In a two-period CLSC system consisting of one manufacturer, one retailer, and one third-service provider, a game-theoretical approach is adopted to compare the optimal decisions and profits of the three green manufacturing cooperation modes, namely, the manufacturer cooperates with the retailer and third-service provider, respectively, and the noncooperation mode is a benchmark. Moreover, the impact of different cooperation modes on CLSC decision-making is analyzed as well. The results indicate that the influence of difference among cooperation modes on CLSC decision is significant, and cooperation is always better than noncooperation. From the perspective of consumers as well as recycling and profit, although the collection rate of used products is not the highest when the manufacturer cooperates with the retailer, the price of product is the lowest and the green property of product is the most obvious; thus, this is regarded as the suitable cooperation mode after a comprehensive analysis. Besides, a coordination mechanism is designed to solve the inefficiency caused by double marginalization. Finally, numerical examples are presented to intuitively observe the relationships between decisions and profits and the impact of different parameters on them in the three modes, and some management inspirations are proposed ultimately.
Do state funding, geographic location, and networks matter?

ABSTRACT Using a uniquely constructed data set, we look at the ecologies of creative careers in film/TV-drama/theatre, using a detailed interview questionnaire case study of eighty-two prominent workers in the Irish film/TV-drama/theatre sectors. Three influences on career progression are given special attention: state patronage, geographic location and networks. There is strong evidence to show that those interviewed consider state patronage as very important to their career development, particularly in relation to “breakthrough” events. Even this group depends on outside work, particularly in advertising, to supplement incomes. Our findings confirm that prominent creative workers tend to be geographically concentrated and consider such proximity to other creative workers as important. A very large proportion of them also consider networks/personal connections as very important to career success, in terms of three main advantages: work/job contacts, the generation of new ideas and moral support/understanding.
Chromosome Complements of the Mediterranean Mullets (Pisces Perciformes)

SUMMARYThe karyotypes of six species of Mediterranean mullets have been studied: Mugil cephalus, Liza aurata, Liza saliens, Liza ramada, Chelon labrosus and Oedalechilus labeo. The diploid number in all these species is 2n=48. On the basis of the morphology of the karyotype, 3 cytotaxonomic groups are proposed: a) Mugil cephalus, all the chromosomes of which are acrocentric; b) Liza and Chelon with one pair of subtelocentrics; c) Oedalechilus with one pair of telocentrics with a very small arm. The karyologic finding is discussed with regard to the position of the Mugilidae in systematic studies.
Seed bank, seed dispersal and vegetation cover: Colonization along a newly-created river channel

Abstract Question: What is the relative importance of the initial seed bank and subsequent seed dispersal for floristic composition of bank vegetation two years after creation of a newly-cut reach of a river channel? Location: River Cole, West Midlands, United Kingdom. Methods: We took bank and bed sediment samples from a 0.5-km reach of a new river channel cut into intact flood-plain. After river diversion, seed samples deposited on artificial turf mats placed on the river banks and flood-plain edge were taken in summer and winter 2002 and 2003. Seed rain samples from funnel traps were taken during summer 2002 and 2003. We undertook greenhouse germination trials to assess viable seed species within these samples. In summer 2004, we surveyed river bank vegetation. Agglomerative cluster analysis was used to investigate floristic similarity between seed bank, seed rain, seed deposition samples and final bank vegetation cover. DCA was used to explore contrasts between the samples and to assess whether these reflected interpretable environmental gradients. Results: Seed rain samples contained a small subset of species in the summer depositional samples. 38 species were found within the final vegetation, the seed bank, and at least one of the four sets of depositional samples; a further 30 species not present in the seed-bank samples were present in at least one of the four sets of depositional samples and the final vegetation. Floristic composition of the vegetation was most similar to the depositional samples from winter 2002 and 2003 and summer 2003. DCA axis 1 reflected a time sequence from seed-bank samples through depositional samples to the final vegetation. Conclusions: Newly cut river banks were colonized rapidly. Seed remobilization and hydrochorous transport from the upstream catchment are important for colonization. Species richness was highest in samples deposited during winter when high river flows can remobilize and transport viable seeds from upstream. This process would also have enhanced the species richness of seed production along the banks during the second summer (2003). Nomenclature: Stace (1999).
Mechanisms governing fluctuations in pelagic fish populations

A comprehensive and systematic review of 10 years' study on global fluctuations of clupeoid populations is presented and earlier ideas further developed. Historically, sardine and herring have undergone fluctuations of very large amplitude over long periods in a cyclic manner. Such a fluctuation, called Subtype IB, could not have evolved in any other than a marine environment. Sardine and herring have shown concomitant cycles of variation in biomass, but the two cycles are completely out of phase with each other. Sardine dominate the temperate pelagic fish community and changes in its abundance are responsible for structural changes of the community.
Status and Distribution of the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) in Southeastern Missouri

Abstract Macrochelys temminckii Harlan (Alligator Snapping Turtle) is a large aquatic turtle species that has been experiencing population declines throughout its range. Unfortunately, little is known about the species' basic biology or historic status throughout the majority of its range. In order to better understand the status and distribution of M. temminckii in southeastern Missouri, we visited 50 sites with suitable habitat and trapped at 19 of them in Dunklin, Mississippi, New Madrid, and Pemiscot counties, MO in 1994. We captured 37 M. temminckii at four sites in Pemiscot and Dunklin counties. The Dunklin County site was resampled in 1997, and radio transmitters were attached to 11 Alligator Snapping Turtles (6 males: 4 females: 1 unknown sex). Telemetered turtles were found at microhabitats consisting of more cover, high-density canopy, and lower gradient banks than random locations. We noted a significant difference in turtle size between sites that have and those that have not experienced historical take of Alligator Snapping Turtles.
Stochastic Pinning Controllability of Noisy Complex Networks

Our ability to coordinate the behavior in networks of complex dynamical systems is often challenged by the presence of noise affecting the individual dynamics and the communication links. In the literature, conservative global conditions guaranteeing the almost sure convergence toward the desired trajectory of a virtual node, the pinner, have been derived. In this article, we identify the minimal conditions on the individual dynamics, interconnection topology, and noise intensities, so that the network exponentially converges onto the pinner's trajectory. Specifically, we broaden the master stability function approach to deal with networks of coupled stochastic differential equations, and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for local exponential pinning controllability of networks of stochastic systems. Interestingly, our analyses show that noise can be either beneficial or detrimental for pinning controllability, depending on how it diffuses in each node. Our analytical findings are illustrated with representative numerical examples.
Eggshell Water Vapor Conductance and Shell Structural Characteristics of Broiler Breeder in Different Flock Ages

The aim of the study was to investigate eggshell traits; including eggshell water vapor conductance, eggshell thickness, pore density, egg weight loss as well as eggshell surface area and volume in 28 and 40 week-old broiler breeders. Furthermore, the phenotypic correlations among the eggshell characteristics were determined. The eggs were ranged from 54.41 g to 60.78 g and 54.71 g to 60.62 g in 28 and 40 wk-old age groups, respectively. All eggs were weighed and numbered before setting and were monitored individually until the end of the incubation. Mean eggshell water vapor conductance (G) value was 11.00±1.01 mg H2O day-1 torr-1 in 28 wk-old flock and 11.99±1.28 mg H2O day-1 torr-1 in 40 wk-old flock respectively (P<0.05). The mean value of shell thickness and pore density mean along with the two regions (broad end and equator) were higher and significant in 28 wk-old flock (P<0.01). Egg weight loss was not found to be significant. Surface area was higher in 40 wk-old flock while as volume was higher in 28 wk-old flocks (P<0.01). There was no correlation between eggshell thickness and pore density. Both eggshell thickness and pore density were having significant positive correlation along with three eggshell regions in each flock ages (P<0.01).
An Ensemble of Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Detecting IoT Cyber Attacks Using Network Traffic

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and systems will be increasingly targeted by cybercriminals (including nation state-sponsored or affiliated threat actors) as they become an integral part of our connected society and ecosystem. However, the challenges in securing these devices and systems are compounded by the scale and diversity of deployment, the fast-paced cyber threat landscape, and many other factors. Thus, in this article, we design an approach using advanced deep learning to detect cyber attacks against IoT systems. Specifically, our approach integrates a set of long short-term memory (LSTM) modules into an ensemble of detectors. These modules are then merged using a decision tree to arrive at an aggregated output at the final stage. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach using a real-world data set of Modbus network traffic and obtain an accuracy rate of over 99% in the detection of cyber attacks against IoT devices.