Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants used in the Preparation of “Atikédi”: Local Alcoholic Beverages Commonly Consumed in Lomé Togo

Ethnobotanical relevance: Local alcoholic beverages “Atikédi” are produced in Lomé and consumed not only for pleasure but also for therapeutic purposes. They are produced out of “Sodabi”, distilled palm wine, mixed with plant organs. However, the exact composition of these beverages and the diseases they are supposed to treat are poorly documented to date in Togo. Aim of the study: To make an inventory of plants used by “Atikédi” beverages producers in Lomé. Materials and methods: Data collection was made through Semi Structured Interview. Data processing and analysis were done using Excel and Epi Info. Results: 267 outlets were identified with a predominance of stores (53.18%). 192 women and 75 men were interviewed. They belonged to 12 different ethnic groups with the majority being Ewe (127) and Ouatchi (71). Their age range varied from 25 to 70 years with an average of 42.6±7.9 years. 61 plants species were recorded belonging to 58 genera and 35 families. The most represented family was the Apocynaceae with five species followed by the Rutaceae and the Poaceae with four species each. Among 43 diseases managed by the plants, bacterial infections (ICF=0.95) and sexual weakness (ICF=0.95) were the most important pathologies. Conclusion: Producers of “Atikédi” used a wide range of medicinal plants. Pharmacological and toxicological studies of these plants will improve the quality of care provided by traditional medicine.
Vaccines distribution system at primary healthcares in the special region of Yogyakarta

Background: Vaccine cold-chain distribution system must be monitored to guarantee the vaccine quality. Improper vaccine distribution system can cause damage and loss of efficacy. Therefore, the Indonesian government released some regulations to manage the vaccine cold-chain system, including the Good Distribution Practices for Pharmaceutical Products (Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik/CDOB) in 2012 and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 42 in 2013 (PMK 42/2013). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the vaccine distribution system in primary healthcare (PHCs). Methods: A survey was conducted in 30 PHCs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Data were collected by observing the vaccine distribution system in PHCs using checklists developed based on CDOB 2012 and PMK 42/2013. Results: The study showed that the personnel in 24 PHCs (80%) checked the condition of the temperature monitoring device and Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM) while receiving the vaccines. Furthermore, all PHCs (100%) had both cool packs and vaccine carriers, whereas those having cold packs were only 2 (7%). First expired - first out (FEFO) and first in - first out (FIFO) systems were implemented in 30 (100%) and 28 (93%) PHCs, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that most of the PHCs in Yogyakarta Special Region had implemented a good vaccine distribution system, yet they still need improvement especially in vaccine recording procedures.
Understanding the multiple conceptions of animal welfare

Academics working on animal welfare typically consider the animal’s affective state (eg the experience of pain), biological functioning (eg the presence of injuries), and sometimes naturalness (eg access to pasture), but it is unclear how these different factors are weighed in different cases. We argue that progress can be informed by systematically observing how ordinary people respond to scenarios designed to elicit varying, and potentially conflicting, types of concern. The evidence we review illustrates that people vary in how much weight they place on each of these three factors in their assessments of welfare in different cases; in some cases, concerns about the animal’s affective state are predominant, and in other cases other concerns are more important. This evidence also suggests that people’s assessments can also include factors (like the animal’s relationship with its caregiver) that do not fit neatly within the dominant three-circles framework of affect, functioning and naturalness. We conclude that a more complete understanding of the multiple conceptions of animal welfare can be advanced by systematically exploring the views of non-specialists, including their responses to scenarios designed to elicit conflicting concerns.
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CRIMINAL AND CIVIL RESPONSIBILITY OF MENTALLY DISORDERED PERSONS

Background:The psychiatric assessment of individuals involved in legal proceedings had significantly been advanced during the past decades. Aim of study: To estimate the prevalence of criminal and civil problems among mentally disordered persons, identify their characteristics and determine factors that may be predictive of their responsibilities. Participants and Methods: This study was a prospective one that included 600 cases who were referred from different departments of the legal system to the forensic psychiatry unit for assessment of their criminal or civil responsibilities over 15-months duration. Data related to the cases as regarding their characteristics, diagnosis, history of illness and history of substance abuse were collected. Cases were classified into criminal and civil groups and comparison between the two groups was performed. Statistical analysis: Analysis of collected data were done by using SPSS program version 19. Results: Most of cases (86%) presented with civil problems, while 14 % of the cases presented with criminal problems. Males represented 91.7% of criminal and 61.6% of civil cases. The mean age was 33.38 years in criminal and 36.83 years in civil cases. Most of criminal and civil cases were unemployed (86.7%) and single (64.3%). High percentage of criminal cases (45.2%) were substance abusers, had history of crimes (53.6%). 42.9% of criminal cases had no social support. 48.8% of criminal cases were considered responsible for their crimes and 85.6% of civil cases were considered non-competent. There were statistically significant differences in the criminal and civil responsibilities as regarding diagnosis, severity of mental illness and degree of cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Comorbidity with substance use disorder and absence of social support are risk factors of criminal behaviour in mentally disordered persons. The criminal and civil responsibilities in mentally disordered persons are affected by the diagnosis, severity of mental illness and the degree of cognitive impairment. Recommendations: Cooperation should be established among the criminal justice, social services and medical systems to reduce criminal behaviour among persons with mental disorders through early detection, treatment, rehabilitation and reducing the incidence of substance abuse among them.
Pendinginan Zona Perakaran (Root Zone Cooling) pada Produksi Benih Kentang menggunakan Sistem Aeroponik

High temperature is the major constraint to potato cultivation in the lowland for it causes stress and inhibit initiation of potato tuber. This study was designed to investigate the effects of root zone cooling upon seed potato production using aeroponics system in lowland wet tropical climates. Cultivation techniques used in this study was the aeroponics system with three cooling temperatures (10, 15, and 20 oC) and control (greenhouse room temperature). Plantlet of potato ‘Granola’ variety derived from tissue culture propagation were used. The results showed that the highest number of tuber and tuber weight that can be harvested up to 90 days after planting were obtained from cooling the root zone temperature at 10 °C with the average number of tuber 14.85 tubers plant-1and average weight of tubers 409.15 mg tuber-1. Plants grown at root zone cooling at 15 and 20 °C treatments produced lower number of tubers and lower tuber weight than at 10 oC, while plants grown at greenhouse temperature did not produce tubers. Keywords: cultivation techniques, Granola, high temperature, lowland tropical, potato tuber
Study of hepcidin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and its correlation with markers of iron status in Zagazig University Hospital

Context Chronic kidney disease (CKD) including hemodialysis (HD) is considered an inflammatory state leading to hepcidin upregulation, which affects iron homeostasis. Aims The aim was to assess the serum level of hepcidin in CKD including HD patients and its correlation with markers of iron status. Settings and design The study was conducted in Zagazig University hospital. Participants and methods A prospective, case–control, comparative study was conducted on 66 participants, who were divided into control group, comprising 22 healthy participants; HD group, comprising 22 patients; and CKD group, comprising 22 patients from stages 2 to 4. All participants were evaluated for serum creatinine, complete blood count, estimated glomerular filtration rate by MDRD4 equation, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, C-reactive protein, and serum hepcidin level. Statistical analysis The study was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Description of the qualitative variables was done by frequency and percentage. Description of the quantitative variables was in the form of mean and SD. χ2-Test, Student’s t-test, analysis of variance (F-test), and correlation analysis were used for analyzing the data. Results Serum level of hepcidin was increase by increase stages of CKD, and more increase in regular HD patients. There was high statistically significant positive correlation of hepcidin level with serum ferritin (P<0.001), serum iron (P<0.05) in CKD and negative correlation with Hb, eGFR (P<0.001), and it was not correlated with total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (P<0.48). Conclusion Serum hepcidin levels are a good biomarker for iron status in patients with HD and CKD. In addition, determination of hepcidin together with markers associated with iron metabolism improves the identification of patients with iron deficiency.
Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in kidney transplant recipients: Dual-Energy x-ray absorptiometry scan study

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the major bone diseases that affect kidney transplant (KT) recipients; it causes significant long-term morbidity and increases the risk of fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in KT recipients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 70 KT recipients followed in the Nephrology Unit at Hawler Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq, over a period of 6 months from December 15, 2017, to June 14, 2018. All patients were subjected to comprehensive history, clinical examination, relevant investigations, and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip and lumbar spines using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A T-score of –1 to + 1 standard deviation (SD) indicates normal BMD whereas a T-score of −1 to −2.5 SD was considered as osteopenia and T-score of <−2.5 SD was regarded as osteoporosis. Results: Osteoporosis was seen in 52.9% of the studied patients; statistically significant positive associations were detected between osteoporosis and low body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), second KT, pretransplant steroid treatment, and Vitamin D deficiency (P < 0.05), whereas no significant relationship was observed with age, gender, smoking, hypertension, and serum levels of calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone. Conclusion: Osteoporosis is common among KT recipients. Low BMI, Vitamin D deficiency, DM, pretransplant steroid therapy, and second KT are the contributing factors. BMD measurement at pre- and post-transplant period is warranted for early recognition and management of this condition.
FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION VERSUS SEPARATE ANTITUBERCULOSIS FORMULATIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS: EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of fixed dose combination (FDC) versus separate (separate formulation [SF])antituberculosis (TB) formulations in patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB.Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from patient records, which included all newly diagnosed bacteriologically confirmed pulmonaryTB patients treated with first category FDC or SF between January 2014 and January 2017 at the Dr. Esnawan Antariksa Hospital. The efficacy ofthe formulations was determined according to acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum smear conversion at the end of the intensive phase (month 2), after6 months of therapy, and after the extended treatment phase (month 3). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during treatments were recorded as safetyoutcomes. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences between the groups.Results: On comparing patients treated with FDC (n=33) and SF (n=30), rates of sputum conversions did not differ significantly after 2 months(83.3% vs. 78.7%, p=0.693) and the intensive phase was extended by 1 month for patients with conversion failures at this time point. One of sevenpatients in the FDC group did not achieve sputum conversion during the extended phase and was recorded as a medication failure. At the end ofcontinuation phase, all other subjects achieved sputum conversion. The overall frequencies of ADRs were not significantly higher in the FDC groupthan that in the SF group (36.4% vs. 23.3%, p=0.260). Conclusion: No differences in effectiveness and safety profiles were identified between first category FDC and separate anti TB formulations.
Prevalence of alcohol use disorders in hospitalised male patients

Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomised, cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in a state with prohibition policy. Male patients hospitalised in medical, surgical and orthopaedic trauma wards (n=150 in each ward) were screened for AUD using Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). A psychiatrist evaluated them as per the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Case records were examined for mention of AUD by the treating physician. Chi squared test and two-tailed t-test were applied appropriately; p<0.05 was considered as indicative of statistically significant difference.
Evaluation of Reject Analysis of Chest Radiographs in Diagnostic Radiology

Introduction: Reject analysis is an important quality indicator and is required for reducing radiation exposure to the patient and increased cost-effectiveness. Aim: The study aims to analyze reject rates and causes in direct chest radiographs to assess the radiographic quality. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 chest radiographs (CXR) had been retrospectively analyzed at King Fahad Hospital from January to March 2016. Results: The rejection rate was 14.7%. Positioning errors and artifacts were the most significant factors for reject analysis in chest radiography. Positioning errors are the most common cause of rejection (16%), and artifacts are the second reason (11.33%). In consequence to positioning error, the scapular shadow was partially located at the lung field in 38% of the images. Conclusion: chest radiographs are the most common x-ray examination requested. Positioning errors are still challenging, which affect the quality of the image. An overall rejection rate of 14.7% indicates a need for continuous practice in the Radiology department to improve the performance.
Outcome Comparison of Pregnancy Termination on 34th and 37th Week of Pregnancy among Patients with Severe Preeclampsia

Background: Severe preeclampsia causes morbidity and mortality of the mother and baby. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with severe preeclampsia to determine the best time of pregnancy termination by comparing maternal and baby outcomes in patients with severe preeclampsia who undergo pregnancy termination on 34th weeks and 37th weeks Methods: The study design was a quantitative study with retrospective cross-sectional design to compare outcomes of mother and baby who met the inclusion criteria. The population in this study were all pregnant women with severe preeclampsia complications treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Hasan Sadikin Hospital during January 2014 Desember 2015, as many as 648 women. The instrument was the medical record. The statistical analysis of research data was SPSS for Windows version 17. Data normality test used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Chi Square test to see the significance of differences between the 2 groups. Results: The study showed differences in outcomes that include maternal HELLP syndrome progression (p = 0.005), impending eclampsia (p = 0.023), stroke (p = 0.096), multiple complications (p = 0.000) and eclampsia (p = 0.005). There are differences in the RDS infant outcomes (p = 0.015), VLBW (p = 0.005), LBW (p = 0.005), and Apgar score <7 (p = 0.018). The difference was statistically significant (p = <0.05). Conclusions: The outcomes of women with severe preeclampsia who performed a 34th week pregnancy termination were better than those with a 37th week termination. The outcome of babies with severe preeclampsia who performed a 34th week pregnancy termination was worse than 37th week termination.
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I and breastfeeding; systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Background: The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) is the first identified pathogenic human retrovirus. Breastfeeding has been reported to be the predominant route of vertical transmission of HTLV-I. The objective of this systematic review was to pool and evaluate the data on the transmission of HTLV-I with different infant-feeding practices on children born to HTLV-I-positive mothers. We conducted a systematic review of comparison of HTLV-I transmission risk to breastfed and bottle-fed babies. Methods: We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, SID, Magiran, and Cochrane Library. The search strategy was limited to articles in English. Initial screening identified 254 citations; of these, 96 potentially relevant articles were identified. After reviewing the 96 full-text articles in detail, 7 reports met the inclusion criteria for this review. Results: Pooled odds ratio (OR) and risk difference (RD) of HTLV-I transmission in the breastfed group compared to the bottle-fed infants were [OR = 3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-7.64, P = 0.0020, Cochran’s Q = 27.7, P = 0.0010, and I2 = 67.5%] and (RD = 17.1%, 95% CI: 7.5%-26.7%, P < 0.0001, Cochran’s Q = 106, P < 0.0001, and I2 = 91.5%). So, we have evidence to support that exclusive breast feeding more than 6 months in comparison to bottle feeding highly increases transmission rate of HTLV-I infection. We have also enough evidence to support that exclusive breast feeding up to 6 months compared to bottle feeding does not increase transmission rate of HTLV-I infection (pooled OR = 0.912, CI: 0.45-1.80; OR: 3.83, CI: 1.80-8.10, respectively). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis showed that short period (less than 6 months) of breastfeeding did not increase risk of HTLV-I infection transmission from mother to child among breastfeeders and more than 6 months of breastfeeding significantly increased the risk of HTLV-I infection. However, our meta-analysis shows that refraining from breastfeeding can decrease the risk of vertical HTLV-I transmission.
In vitro multiplication of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. – An important medicinal plant

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid system for regenerating shoots from mature nodal explants of Gymnema sylvestre, an useful antidiabetic medicinal plant. Single node stem explants were inoculated on MS media containing different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (UAP) or kinetin with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Maximum number of shoots (7 per explant) were observed on the medium containing BAP (5 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l). Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS half- strength medium without supplementing any growth regulator.
Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: From Bench to Bedside

Introduction: Every year ischemic stroke takes many lives and leaves millions of people with neurological deficits. Currently the only approved therapy is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, which should be administered within a narrow time window of 4.5 hours. Stem cell therapy was first initiated in several preclinical studies with promising results and lately in some clinical trials. Our research consists of 2 systematic reviews where preclinical and clinical studies were pooled. We provide a systemic review of the evidence of efficacy of cell-based therapy in both preclinical and clinical setting. Materials and methodology: After screening of databases, 76 studies were included in our systematic review of studies in rodent stroke models and 4 randomized clinical trials were used for the systematic review of studies in humans. After data extraction and assessment of study quality, the pooled effects were calculated using Revman5. Results: Stem cell therapy has a positive effect on behavior and histological outcome in rodent stroke models. These results are in line with previously conducted meta-analyses. This improvement in rodents is not translated into clinical trials in humans. Pooled study data of the randomized controlled clinical trials did show a significant improvement in neurologic outcome, but not in functional recovery. Conclusion: Study quality is pointed out as one of the major reasons for failed translation of preclinical evidence to clinic. Large, well-designed preclinical trials are urgently needed. Good preclinical research is necessary to determine the optimal route of administration, the optimal cell dose and type and the most accurate administration time of the stem cells.
The Effect of Metformin versus Vitamin E on the Testis of Adult Diabetic Albino Rats: Histological, Biochemical and Immunohistochemistry Study

Background: Impairment of testicular function is one of complications of Diabetes mellitus (D.M) and this may result from increased oxidative stress. Vitamin E (Vit E) has antioxidant properties. Objective: To determine the microscopic changes in the diabetic testis with metformin alone or with Vit E and which of them are better to preserve the testicular structure. Materials and Methods: Fifty adult albino rats, were equally divided into five groups: Group 1: control group; group 2: diabetic group (diabetes was induced by (65 mg/kg; i.p) single dose of streptozotocin (STZ); group 3: vit.E-treated diabetic group (200 mg/kg/day) ip; group 4: Metformin-treated diabetic group (100 mg/kg/day) and group 5 Metformin and vit.E-treated diabetic group for eight weeks. Levels of testosterone, insulin and blood sugar were analyzed and testes specimens were prepared for light microscope and immunohistochemical detection of androgen receptor (AR) and caspase-3. Results: In diabetic group showed irregular seminiferous tubules with depletion, separation, vacuolation of the spermatogenic cells with perivascular and intertubular fibrosis also, the mean diameter of tubules significantly decreases. There are negative immunoexpressions of AR with positive caspase-3. Sections of metformin treated diabetic group showed incomplete or partial regeneration of germ cells while in group 4 and 5 showed almost complete regeneration of spermatogenic cells with increase in mean diameter of tubules, significantly increases in AR and decreases in caspase-3 expression. Conclusion: D.M produce damage in the testicular tissue and the concomitant administration of vit-E with metformin was shown better effect than metformin alone.