Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An accelerating cosmology without dark energy

The negative pressure accompanying gravitationally-induced particle creation can lead to a cold dark matter (CDM) dominated, accelerating Universe (Lima et al. 1996 [1]) without requiring the presence of dark energy or a cosmological constant. In a recent study, Lima et al. 2008 [2] (LSS) demonstrated that particle creation driven cosmological models are capable of accounting for the SNIa observations [3] of the recent transition from a decelerating to an accelerating Universe, without the need for Dark Energy. Here we consider a class of such models where the particle creation rate is assumed to be of the form Γ = βH+γH0, where H is the Hubble parameter and H0 is its present value. The evolution of such models is tested at low redshift by the latest SNe Ia data provided by the Union compilation [4] and at high redshift using the value of zeq, the redshift of the epoch of matter — radiation equality, inferred from the WMAP constraints on the early Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect [5]. Since the contributions of baryons and radiation were ignored in the work of LSS, we include them in our study of this class of models. The parameters of these more realistic models with continuous creation of CDM are constrained at widely-separated epochs (zeq ≈ 3000 and z ≈ 0) in the evolution of the Universe. The comparison of the parameter values, {β, γ}, determined at these different epochs reveals a tension between the values favored by the high redshift CMB constraint on zeq from the ISW and those which follow from the low redshift SNIa data, posing a potential challenge to this class of models. While for β = 0 this conflict is only at 2σ, it worsens as β increases from zero.
Laminar Natural Convection of Bingham Fluids in a Square Enclosure with Vertical Walls Subjected to Constant Heat Flux

In this study, two-dimensional steady-state simulations of laminar natural convection in square enclosures with vertical sidewalls subjected to constant heat flux have been carried out, where the enclosures are considered to be completely filled with a yield-stress fluid obeying the Bingham model. Yield stress effects on heat and momentum transport are investigated for nominal values of Rayleigh number (Ra) in the range 103–106 and a Prandtl number (Pr) range of 0.1–100. It is found that the mean Nusselt number Nu increases with increasing values of Rayleigh number for both Newtonian and Bingham fluids. However, Nu values obtained for Bingham fluids are smaller than that obtained in the case of Newtonian fluids with the same nominal value of Rayleigh number Ra due to weakening of convective transport. The mean Nusselt number Nu in the case of Bingham fluids is found to decrease with increasing Bingham number, and for large values of Bingham number Bn, the value settles to unity (Nu = 1.0) as heat transfer takes place principally due to thermal conduction. The Nu values for the vertical walls subjected to constant heat flux are smaller than the corresponding values in the same configuration with constant vertical wall temperatures (for identical values of nominal Rayleigh, Prandtl, and Bingham numbers). However, the value of Bingham number at which Nu approaches to unity remains the same for both constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux configurations. It is demonstrated that for small values of Bingham number Nu increases with increasing Prandtl number, but the opposite behavior occurs for large values of Bingham number. New correlations are proposed for the mean Nusselt number Nu for both Newtonian and Bingham fluids for square enclosures with vertical walls subjected to constant heat flux, which are shown to satisfactorily capture the correct qualitative and quantitative behavior of Nu in response to changes in Ra, Pr, and Bn.
INCORPORATION OF A LATE-FORMING CHONDRULE INTO COMET WILD 2

We report the petrology, O isotopic composition, and Al–Mg isotope systematics of a chondrule fragment from the Jupiter-family comet Wild 2, returned to Earth by NASA's Stardust mission. This object shows characteristics of a type II chondrule that formed from an evolved oxygen isotopic reservoir. No evidence for extinct 26Al was found, with (26Al/27Al)0 < 3.0 × 10−6. Assuming homogenous distribution of 26Al in the solar nebula, this particle crystallized at least 3 Myr after the earliest solar system objects—relatively late compared to most chondrules in meteorites. We interpret the presence of this object in a Kuiper Belt body as evidence of late, large-scale transport of small objects between the inner and outer solar nebula. Our observations constrain the formation of Jupiter (a barrier to outward transport if it formed further from the Sun than this cometary chondrule) to be more than 3 Myr after calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions.
MAGNETIC DRAG ON HOT JUPITER ATMOSPHERIC WINDS

Hot Jupiters, with atmospheric temperatures T ≳ 1000 K, have residual thermal ionization levels sufficient for the interaction of ions with the planetary magnetic field to result in a sizable magnetic drag on the (neutral) atmospheric winds. We evaluate the magnitude of magnetic drag in a representative three-dimensional atmospheric model of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b and find that it is a plausible mechanism to limit wind speeds in this class of atmospheres. Magnetic drag has a strong geometrical dependence, both meridionally and from the dayside to the nightside (in the upper atmosphere), which could have interesting consequences for the atmospheric flow pattern. By extension, close-in eccentric planets with transiently heated atmospheres will experience time-variable levels of magnetic drag. A robust treatment of magnetic drag in circulation models for hot atmospheres may require iterated solutions to the magnetic induction and Saha equations as the hydrodynamic flow is evolved.
Low-mass Active Galactic Nuclei on the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity

It is widely known that in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs), there is a tight correlation among their radio luminosity (LR), X-ray luminosity (LX), and BH mass ( ), the so-called “fundamental plane” (FP) of BH activity. Yet the supporting data are very limited in the regime between stellar mass (i.e., BHXBs) and 106.5 (namely, the lower bound of supermassive BHs in common AGNs). In this work, we developed a new method to measure the 1.4 GHz flux directly from the images of the VLA FIRST survey, and apply it to the type-1 low-mass AGNs in the Dong et al. sample. As a result, we obtained 19 new low-mass AGNs for FP research with both estimates ( ≈ 105.5–6.5 ), reliable X-ray measurements, and (candidate) radio detections, tripling the number of such candidate sources in the literature. Most (if not all) of the low-mass AGNs follow the standard radio/X-ray correlation and the universal FP relation fitted with the combined data set of BHXBs and supermassive AGNs by Gültekin et al.; the consistency in the radio/X-ray correlation slope among those accretion systems supports the picture that the accretion and ejection (jet) processes are quite similar in all accretion systems of different . In view of the FP relation, we speculate that the radio loudness (i.e., the luminosity ratio of the jet to the accretion disk) of AGNs depends not only on Eddington ratio, but probably also on .
What Configuration Can Trigger Pro-Environmental Policy Agenda Setting in an Uncertain Social Context: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on the Multiple Streams Framework

Abstract This study examines the configuration of conditions that trigger pro-environmental policy agenda setting (PAS) in an uncertain social context. It discusses the suitability and explanatory power of Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) in this context. It employs the MSF and implements a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on 25 pro-environmental cases in China. The results indicate that the seven solutions that could be recombined into three successful driven patterns may trigger the establishment of China’s pro-environmental policy agenda. China’s pro-environmental PAS does not require the complete collection of conditions for all three streams.
Gravitational lensing simulations - I. Covariance matrices and halo catalogues

Gravitational lensing surveys have now become large and precise enough that the interpretation of the lensing signal in current and future surveys has to take into account an increasing number of theoretical limitations and observational biases. Since much of the lensing signal is stronger in the non-linear scales, only numerical simulations can reproduce accurately enough the various effects one has to take into account. This work is the first of a series in which all gravitational lensing corrections known so far will be implemented in the same set of simulations using realistic mock catalogues. In this first paper, we present the TCS simulation suite and compare basic statistics such as the second and third order convergence and shear correlation functions to predictions for a large range of scales and redshifts. These simple tests set the range of validity of our simulations. We also compute the non-Gaussian covariance matrices of several statistical estimators, some of them are used in the Canada France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS). From the same realizations, we construct halo catalogues and present a series of halo properties that are required by most galaxy population algorithms.
Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Findings of Patients With Non-hemorrhagic Stroke

Background: Stroke is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The association between non-hemorrhagic stroke and some electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings shows its potential cardiac source. This study aimed to evaluate electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings of patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 134 patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke admitted to the neurology ward of Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, from 2018 to 2019. Patients’ characteristics including age, gender, family history of stroke, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inadequate physical activity, and smoking were recorded. All patients underwent electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography. Results: The patients’ mean age was 68.57±12.08 years. Additionally, 84 patients (62.7%) were male. The most common risk factor was dyslipidemia (72.4%) followed by hypertension (64.9%), diabetes (45.5%), smoking (44.8%), and family history of stroke (17.2%). Inadequate physical activity was found in 69.4% of the patients. The most common ECG finding was old myocardial infarction (MI) accounting for 24.6% of the patients, followed by atrial fibrillation (AF) (14.9%) and new MI (3.7%). The most common echocardiographic finding was significant mitral regurgitation (MR) (23.1%), followed by left ventricular systolic dysfunction (21.6%), significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (11.2%), mitral stenosis (MS) (4.5%), aortic stenosis (AS) (4.5%), and mitral annulus calcification (MAC) (2.2%). Conclusion: The most common echocardiographic and ECG findings of patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke in this study were MR and old MI and the most common risk factor was dyslipidemia.
How well is our Universe described by an FLRW model?

Extremely well! In the ΛCDM model, the spacetime metric, gab, of our Universe is approximated by an FLRW metric, g ab ( 0 ) ? > , to about one part in 104 or better on both large and small scales, except in the immediate vicinity of very strong field objects, such as black holes. However, derivatives of gab are not close to derivatives of g ab ( 0 ) ? > , so there can be significant differences in the behavior of geodesics and huge differences in curvature. Consequently, observable quantities in the actual Universe may differ significantly from the corresponding observables in the FLRW model. Nevertheless, as we shall review here, we have proven general results showing that—within the framework of our approach to treating backreaction—the large matter inhomogeneities that occur on small scales cannot produce significant effects on large scales, so g ab ( 0 ) ? > satisfies Einsteinʼs equation with the averaged stress–energy tensor of matter as its source. We discuss the flaws in some other approaches that have suggested that large backreaction effects may occur. As we also will review here, with a suitable ‘dictionary,’ Newtonian cosmologies provide excellent approximations to cosmological solutions to Einsteinʼs equation (with dust and a cosmological constant) on all scales. Our results thereby provide strong justification for the mathematical consistency and validity of the ΛCDM model within the context of general relativistic cosmology.
NUCLEAR DOMINATED ACCRETION FLOWS IN TWO DIMENSIONS. I. TORUS EVOLUTION WITH PARAMETRIC MICROPHYSICS

We explore the evolution of radiatively inefficient accretion disks in which nuclear reactions are dynamically important (“Nuclear Dominated Accretion Flows” or NuDAFs). Examples of such disks are those generated by the merger of a white dwarf with a neutron star or black hole, or by the collapse of a rotating star. Here, we present two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations that systematically explore the effect of adding a single nuclear reaction to a viscous torus. The equation of state, anomalous shear stress, and nuclear reactions are given parametric forms. Our results point to the existence of two qualitatively different regimes of NuDAF evolution: (1) steady accretion with quiescent burning or (2) detonation of the disk. These outcomes are controlled primarily by the ratio Ψ of the nuclear energy released to the enthalpy at the burning radius. Disks detonate if Ψ exceeds a critical value Ψcrit ∼ 1, and if burning occurs in regions where neutrino cooling is unimportant. Thermonuclear runaways are seeded by the turbulent mixing of hot ash with cold fuel at the burning front. Disks with Ψ < Ψcrit do not explode, but instead power a persistent collimated outflow of unbound material composed primarily of ash, with a mass-loss rate that increases with Ψ. We discuss the implications of our results for supernova-like counterparts from astrophysical events in the NuDAF regime. In particular, detonations following a white dwarf–neutron star merger could account for some subluminous Type Ia supernovae, such as the class defined by SN 2002cx.
Transactive Charging Control of Electric Vehicles Considering Voltage Unbalance and Transformers’ Loss of Life

This paper presents a novel transactive energy (TE) management model for real-time coordination of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the distribution network. The proposed model employs the flexibility of PEV charging through a TE market platform to reduce the total cost, voltage unbalances, and distribution transformers’ loss of life. In the proposed TE market model, the PEV owners send the information of the required reimbursement for the response and the target level of state-of-charge at departure to the retailer. Then, the retailer runs an optimization problem to determine the scheduling of PEVs by minimizing the total cost including the cost of exchanging energy with upstream grid and payment to PEVs to use their flexibility. Besides, the model predictive control approach is used to effectively integrate the upcoming system operation conditions and dealing with system uncertainties. Moreover, linearization techniques are employed to reduce the computational complexity and improve the precision of the solutions. Finally, the proposed framework is applied to the unbalanced IEEE 33-bus distribution network, and the numerical analyses illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Density functional theory study of vacancy induced magnetism in Li$_{3}$N

The effect of lithium vacancies in the hexagonal structure of $\alpha-$Li$_3$N, is studied within the framework of density functional theory. Vacancies ($\square$) substituting for lithium in $\alpha-$Li$_2$(Li$_{1-x}\square_x$)N are treated within the coherent potential approximation as alloy components. According to our results long range N($p$)-ferromagnetism ($\sim 1$ $\mu_B$) sets in for vacancy substitution within the [Li$_2$N] layers ($x \ge 0.7$) with no significant change in unit cell dimensions. By total energies differences we established that in-plane exchange couplings are dominant. Vacancies substituting inter-plane Li, leads to a considerable structural collapse ($c/a \approx 0.7$) and no magnetic moment formation.
HD 202206: A Circumbinary Brown Dwarf System

Using Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor astrometry and previously published radial velocity measures, we explore the exoplanetary system HD 202206. Our modeling results in a parallax, milliseconds of arc, a mass for HD 202206 B of , and a mass for HD 202206 c of . HD 202206 is a nearly face-on G + M binary orbited by a brown dwarf. The system architecture that we determine supports past assertions that stability requires a 5:1 mean motion resonance (we find a period ratio, ) and coplanarity (we find a mutual inclination, ).
Efficacy of Combination Therapy with Pregabalin in Neuropathic Pain: A Preclinical Study in the Rat L5 Spinal Nerve Ligation Model

Purpose Neuropathic pain is sometimes difficult to manage because of limited efficacy of analgesic monotherapy even at high doses. Combination therapy may help address this issue, but there is little evidence for its effectiveness. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy with pregabalin, an anchor drug for treating neuropathic pain, using the rat L5 spinal nerve ligation model. Methods Experiments were performed on four-week-old L5 spinal nerve ligated male Sprague-Dawley rats. Mechanical allodynia was assessed using the von Frey test, where the 50% withdrawal threshold was evaluated for five drugs: pregabalin, duloxetine, venlafaxine, tramadol, and celecoxib. The single-drug experiment included 112 rats, where each drug was tested independently. Median effective doses (ED50s) were determined. Combinations of pregabalin with each of the other four drugs were tested (n=84). The 50% withdrawal threshold in the von Frey test was evaluated. The ED50 of each combination was determined experimentally. Isobolographic analyses were conducted to assess the synergistic potential of the drug combinations, excluding pregabalin-celecoxib, since the ED50 of celecoxib could not be determined. Results In the single-drug experiment, all drugs except celecoxib resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the 50% withdrawal threshold 2 h after administration, with a maximum possible effect ranging from 4.4% to 79.6%. Similarly, all pregabalin combinations demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the 50% withdrawal threshold, with pregabalin-tramadol showing the greatest increment. Isobolographic analysis of this combination revealed synergistic effects. Specifically, the combination index was γ=0.4 (<1). Combinations of pregabalin with duloxetine and venlafaxine demonstrated additive (γ=0.9) and antagonistic effects (γ=2.0), respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrated that combination of pregabalin with tramadol has synergistic antiallodynic effects, while that with duloxetine has additive effects. Moreover, pregabalin combined with venlafaxine was potentially antagonistic. Pregabalin combined with tramadol may serve as a promising drug combination for the effective management of neuropathic pain.
Modeling and Deciphering on Two Spin-polariton Entanglement Experiments in NV Centers of Diamond

This work is a theoretical investigation on the spin-polariton (polarized single photon) entanglement in nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond in order to interpret the results of two landmark experiments reported by the teams of Buckley and Togan in Science and Nature. A Jaynes-Cummings model is applied to analyze the off- and on-resonant dynamics of the electronic spin and polarized photon system. Combined with the analysis on the NV center's electron structure and transition rules, this model consistently explained the Faraday effect, Optical Stark effect, pulse echo technology and energy level engineering technology in the way to realize the spin-polariton entanglement in diamond. All theoretical results are consistent well with the reported phenomena and data. This essay essentially aims at applying the fundamental skills the author has learned in Quantum Optics and Nonlinear Optics, especially to the interesting materials not covered in class, in assignments and examinations, such as calculation on matrix form of Hamiltonian, quantum optical dynamics with dressed state analysis, entanglement and so on.
Comprehensive Census and Complete Characterization of Nearby Debris Disk Stars

Abstract Debris disks are intimately linked to planetary system evolution since the rocky material surrounding the host stars is believed to be due to secondary generation from the collisions of planetesimals. With the conclusion and lack of future large scale infrared excess survey missions, it is time to summarize the history of using excess emission in the infrared as a tracer of debris and exploit all available data as well as provide a comprehensive study of the parameters of these important objects. We have compiled a catalog of infrared excess stars from peer-reviewed articles and performed an extensive search for new debris disks by cross-correlating the Tycho-2 and AllWISE catalogs. This study will conclude following the thorough examination of each debris disk star's parameters obtained through high-resolution spectroscopy at various facilities which is currently ongoing. We will maintain a webpage (www.debrisdisks.org) devoted to these infrared excess sources and provide various resources related to our catalog creation, SED fitting, and data reduction.
Awareness about the future of artificial intelligence in healthcare among medical students in Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to influence and has potential to improve various fields in medical care. They have capability of rapidly diagnosing various medical conditions and improve he treatment outcomes in various specializations. The study was done to find out the awareness of AI in Healthcare among medical students in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 100 medical students studying in a private medical college selected by simple random sampling. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection regarding the awareness of AI in Healthcare. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Around 85% of the study participants were aware about Artificial Intelligence and 98% were about the attitude that it could improve healthcare. It was found that 82% of the study participants welcomed the idea of AI being used in Healthcare, while 7% were least accepting. The study participants were of the belief that the medical department which could benefit the most from use of AI were Radiology (38%) and Oncology (30%).