Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Founders and Financial Misrepresentation

We find that over 70% of all federal regulatory enforcement-actions arising from financial misrepresentation occur in founder firms. Contingency and multivariate analyses, relative to large databases and a counterfactual sample, indicate that founder firms are at least 2.3 times more likely to be involved in enforcement actions than other firms. As potential explanations for the disproportionately large number of founder-firm enforcement-actions, we explore prejudicial targeting, financial aptitude, risk tolerance, and economic payoffs. Our results on penalties and fraud scores provide evidence inconsistent with prejudicial targeting but rather, suggest that founder firms appear under-targeted by regulators. Tests using an exogenous shock in auditor choice provide evidence inconsistent with founder financial-ineptness as an explanation. Using founder versus descendant control to examine the effect of large, concentrated shareholders on financial misconduct, we note that descendant firms account for only 2.5% of all enforcement actions. We examine the sudden deaths of founders to provide causal evidence on financial aggressiveness and find that founders’ deaths diminish the likelihood of future firm fraud. Our results appear inconsistent with the hypothesis that founders limit financial misrepresentation.
Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Islamic Bank Profitability (Evidence from Indonesia)

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Islamic perspective is expected to be an existential part of Islamic banks and financial institutions providing benefits to society and the national economy. CSR disclosure in a company's annual report may increase companies' value and satisfy stakeholders' needs to achieve higher profitability. This research aims to examine the relationship between CSR disclosure and profitability for Islamic banks in Indonesia over the period 2008– 2017 by generating CSR-related data through disclosure analysis based on the standards developed by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAIOFI) of annual reports of the 12 sampled banks registered in Bank Indonesia. Using panel data regression on CSR disclosure index, individual dimension index, size, capital ratio, financing ratio, and overhead expense as independent variables, the dependent variable is the proxy's profitability by using Return on Asset (ROA). The results indicate a significant positive relationship between CSR disclosure and the profitability of Indonesia Islamic banks. However, 'commitment toward debtors,' 'bank size', 'zakat, charity, and benevolent funds' show no significant relationship with the Islamic bank's profitability in Indonesia. The recommendation for several concerns on the negative variables has been identified in this research.
SGA analysis of potato shoots and tomato seedlings fed with stable isotope-labeled

56 Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in 57 Solanaceae. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, 58 while tomato ( S. lycopersicum ) contains α-tomatine, all of which are biosynthesized from 59 cholesterol. However, although two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that catalyze the 22- 60 and 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol have been identified, the 16-hydroxylase remains 61 unknown. Feeding with deuterium-labeled cholesterol indicated that the 16α- and 62 16β-hydrogen atoms of cholesterol were eliminated to form α-solanine and α-chaconine in 63 potato, while only the 16α-hydrogen atom was eliminated in α-tomatine biosynthesis, 64 suggesting that a single oxidation at C-16 takes place during tomato SGA biosynthesis while a 65 two-step oxidation occurs in potato. Here we show that a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent 66 dioxygenase (2OGD), designated as 16DOX, is involved in SGA biosynthesis. We found that 67 the transcript of potato 16DOX ( St16DOX ) was expressed at high levels in the tuber sprouts, 68 where large amounts of SGAs are accumulated. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant 69 St16DOX protein revealed that St16DOX catalyzes the 16α-hydroxylation of 70 hydroxycholesterols and that (22 S )-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol was the best substrate among 71 the nine compounds tested. St16DOX -silenced potato plants contained significantly lower 72 levels of SGAs and a detailed metabolite analysis revealed that they accumulated the 73 glycosides of (22 S )-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol. Analysis of the tomato 16DOX ( Sl16DOX ) 74 gene gave essentially the same results. These findings clearly indicate that 16DOX is a steroid 75 16α-hydroxylase that functions in et al. Taken together, these findings suggest that oxidation (dehydrogenation) occur at both the C-16α and C-16β positions in potato, and at the C-16α position in tomato during
Principal Component Analysis of a Focused Dataset of Actigraphy Variables Contrasting Actigraphy Domains Represented by Two Principal Components

Background -Actigraphy can clarify useful patient-centered outcomes for quantification of Methods -To characterize the relationship of actigraphy outputs with “in-laboratory” measures of cardiopulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in pre-COPD, we obtained actigraphy data 101 for 8 hours/day for 5 consecutive days a week before in-laboratory administration of respiratory questionnaires, PFT, and CPET to a subgroup of subjects participating in the larger study of the 103 health effects of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke who had air trapping but no spirometric 104 obstruction (pre-COPD). Using machine learning approaches, we identified the most relevant 105 actigraphy predictors and examined their associations with symptoms, lung function, and 106 exercise outcomes. Results subjects (age=66±7years; BMI=24±3kg/m 2 ; FEV /FVC=0.75±0.05; FEV 1 =103±17%predicted) completed the nested study. In the hierarchical cluster analysis, the activity, distance, and energy domains of actigraphy, including moderate to vigorous physical activity, were closely correlated with each other, but were only loosely associated with spirometric and peak exercise measures of oxygen consumption, ventilation, oxygen-pulse, anaerobic threshold (VO 2AT ), and were divergent from symptom measures. Conversely, the sedentary domain clustered with respiratory symptoms, air trapping, airflow indices, and ventilatory efficiency. In Regression modeling, sedentary domain was inversely associated with baseline lung volumes and tidal breathing at peak exercise, while the activity domains were associated with VO 2AT . Respiratory symptoms and PFT data were not associated with actigraphy outcomes.
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Monocytes: Implications for the Use of Production in Human 2 and Thromboxane A 2 Differential Regulation of Prostaglandin E

There is an autocrine relationship between eicosanoid and cytokine synthesis, with the ratio of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 )/throm-boxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) being one of the determinants of the level of cytokine synthesis. In monocytes, cyclooxygenase type 1 (COX-1) activity appears to favor TXA 2 production and COX-2 activity appears to favor PGE 2 production. This has led to speculation regarding possible linkage of COX isozymes with PGE and TXA synthase. We have studied the kinetics of PGE 2 and TXA 2 synthesis under conditions that rely on COX-1 or -2 activity. With small amounts of endogenously generated prostaglandin H 2 (PGH 2 ), TXA 2 synthesis was greater than PGE 2 . With greater amounts of endogenously generated PGH 2 , PGE 2 synthesis was greater than TXA 2 . Also, TXA synthase was saturated at lower substrate concentrations than PGE synthase. This pattern was observed irrespective of whether PGH 2 was produced by COX-1 or COX-2 or whether it was added directly. Furthermore, the inhibition of eicosanoid production by the action of nonsteroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs or by the prevention of COX-2 induction with the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SKF86002 was greater for PGE 2 than for TXA 2 . It is proposed that different kinetics of PGE synthase and TXA synthase account for the patterns of production of these eicosanoids in monocytes under a variety of experimental conditions. These properties provide an alternative explanation to notional linkage or compartmentalization of COX-1 or -2 with the respective terminal synthases and that therapeutically induced changes in eicosanoid ratios toward predominance of TXA 2 may have unwanted effects in long-term anti-inﬂammatory and anti-arthritic eicosanoid
Pomiary gêstego aerozolu oleju rzepakowego za pomoc¹ fazowej anemometrii dopplerowskiej Phase doppler anemometry measurements of a dense rapeseed oil spray

High pressure, dense rapeseed oil (RSO) sprays have been investigated using a Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) setup. Samples of cold pressed RSO were pre-heated and injected at various pressures (56.3, 76.0, 93.8,112.5,131.3 MPa) and six different ambient densities (3,6,15,30,45,60 kg/m 3 ). High density of RSO significantly affects the quality of sizing measurements, and leads to the similar experimental problems which have been found for the dense Diesel spray. The sizing tests involved analysis of the influence of the photomultiplier (PMT) voltage and injection conditions on droplet validation. The sensitivity of the PMT at 1000 V was found as the most appropriate in the performed tests. The droplet size distributions revealed that the increasing ambient pressure results in a deformed Gaussian drop size distribution having larger number of small droplets. Furthermore, the increasing injection and ambi-ent pressures lower the mean droplet diameter but result in the significant decrease of the droplet validation. Despite the experimental difficulties of applying the PDA technique to RSO sprays it is concluded the method can be successfully used if the appropriate adjustment of PDA parameters is undertaken.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Mechanism and Treatment of Renal Fibrosis Store-operated calcium entry suppressed the TGF- (cid:2) 1/Smad3 signaling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells

Store-operated calcium entry suppressed the TGF- (cid:2) 1/Smad3 signaling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells. Am Physiol Renal Physiol 313: F729–F739, previous study demonstrated that the abundance of extracellular matrix proteins was suppressed by store-operated Ca 2 (cid:3) entry (SOCE) in mesangial cells (MCs). The present study was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism focused on the transforming growth factor- (cid:2) 1 (TGF- (cid:2) 1)/ Smad3 pathway, a critical pathway for ECM expansion in diabetic kidneys. We hypothesized that SOCE suppressed ECM protein expression by inhibiting this pathway in MCs. In cultured human MCs, we observed that TGF- (cid:2) 1 (5 ng/ml for 15 h) signiﬁcantly increased Smad3 phosphorylation, as evaluated by immunoblot. However, this response was markedly inhibited by thapsigargin (1 (cid:4) M), a classical activator of store-operated Ca 2 (cid:3) channels. Consistently, both immu-nocytochemistry and immunoblot showed that TGF- (cid:2) 1 signiﬁcantly increased nuclear translocation of Smad3, which was prevented by pretreatment with thapsigargin. Importantly, the thapsigargin effect was reversed by lanthanum (La 3 (cid:3) ; 5 (cid:4) M) and GSK-7975A (10 (cid:4) M), both of which are selective blockers of store-operated Ca 2 (cid:3) channels. Furthermore, knockdown of Orai1, the pore-forming subunit of the store-operated Ca 2 (cid:3) channels, signiﬁcantly augmented TGF- (cid:2) 1-in-duced Smad3 phosphorylation. Overexpression of Orai1 augmented the inhibitory effect of thapsigargin on TGF- (cid:2) 1-induced phosphorylation of Smad3. In agreement with the data from cultured MCs, in vivo knockdown of Orai1 speciﬁc to MCs using a targeted nanoparticle small interfering RNA delivery system resulted in a marked increase in abundance of phosphorylated Smad3 and in nuclear translocation of Smad3 in the glomerulus of mice. Taken together, our results indicate that SOCE in MCs negatively regulates the TGF- (cid:2) 1/ Smad3 signaling pathway.
Precursors to Enhance Antigen Uptake and Targets Immature Dendritic Cell Tumor Cell Killing Induces Th1 Cytokines Heat Shock Protein 70 Induced During

Previously, we reported that killing tumor cells in vivo with the HSV thymidine kinase/ganciclovir system generates potent antitumor immunity, determined in part by the mechanism by which the cells die and by the levels of inducible heat shock protein (hsp) expression induced during the process of cell death. Here, we show that induction of hsp70 expression induces an inﬁltrate of T cells, macrophages, and predominantly dendritic cells (DCs) into the tumors as well as an intratumoral proﬁle of Th1 cytokine expression (IFN- g , TNF- a , and IL-12) and enhances immunogenicity via a T cell-mediated mechanism. In addition, the protection conferred by hsp70 is both tumor and cell speciﬁc. We also demonstrate that hsp70 targets immature APC to make them signiﬁcantly more able to capture Ags. This is likely to optimize cross-priming of the inﬁltrating APC with tumor Ags, which are simultaneously being released by the dying cells. In addition, using an Myc epitope-tagged hsp70 expression vector, we present evidence that hsp70 released from dying tumor cells is taken up directly into DCs and may, therefore, be involved in direct chaperoning of Ags into DCs. Taken together, our data suggest that hsp70 induction serves to signal the immune system of the presence of an immunologically relevant (dangerous) situation against which an immune reaction should be raised. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 163: 1398–1408.
and chronic platelet needs. IL-1  induces thrombopoiesis through megakaryocyte rupture in

dominant in the steady state. However, it was unclear whether this is the only path to platelet biogenesis. We have identified an alternative MK rupture, which entails rapid cytoplasmic fragmentation and release of much larger numbers of platelets, primarily into blood vessels, which is morphologically and temporally different than typical FasL-induced apoptosis. Serum levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1  were acutely elevated after platelet loss or administration of an inflammatory stimulus to mice, whereas the MK-regulator thrombopoietin (TPO) was not elevated. Moreover, IL-1  administration rapidly induced MK rupture–dependent thrombopoiesis and increased platelet counts. IL-1  –IL-1R1 signaling activated caspase-3, which reduced plasma membrane stability and appeared to inhibit regulated tubulin expression and proplatelet formation, and ultimately led to MK rupture. Collectively, it appears the balance between TPO and IL-1  determines the MK cellular programming for thrombopoiesis in response to acute
LesionsSeverity of Viral Immunoinflammatory Regulatory T Cells Control the + CD25+ CD4

CD4 (cid:1) CD25 (cid:1) regulatory T cells (T reg ) can inhibit a variety of autoimmune and inﬂammatory diseases, but their involvement in regulating virus-induced immunopathology is not known. We have evaluated the role of T reg in viral immunopathological lesion stromal keratitis. This frequent cause of human blindness results from a T cell-mediated immunoinﬂammatory response to HSV in the corneal stroma. The results show that lesions were signiﬁcantly more severe if mice were depleted of T reg before infection. The T reg was also shown to modulate lesion expression induced by adoptive transfer of pathogenic CD4 (cid:1) T cells in infected SCID recipients. The mechanism of T reg control of stromal keratitis involved suppressed antiviral immunity and impaired expression of the molecule required for T cell migration to lesion sites. Interestingly, T reg isolated from ocular lesions in nondepleted mice showed in vitro inhibitory effects involving IL-10, but were not very effective in established lesions. Our results decipher the in vivo role of T reg in a virus-induced immunopathology and imply that manipulation of regulatory cell function represents a useful approach to control viral-induced immunoinﬂammatory disease. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172: 4123–4132.
Planning Concurrency and Managing Iteration in Projects

Reducing cycle times, managing costs, and improving project management are key to competitive advantage. This paper introduces an approach known as the dependency structure matrix (DSM) and discusses using the DSM to design project plans that produce greater concurrency and better iteration management. The DSM focuses management attention on the essential information transfer requirements of a project: finding essential tasks vital to begin early, developing project plans having improved throughput, removing unnecessary iteration, and simplifying project reviews, while at the same time preserving or improving deliverable quality. A DSM helps us decide what to assume and how and when to plan project reviews. Assumptions are among the greatest sources of project risks. Making assumptions and their dependencies explicit is the key to controlling risk.
PWM-based Integral Sliding-mode Controller for Unity Input Power Factor Operation of Indirect Matrix Converter

An indirect matrix converter (IMC) is a modern power generation system that enables a direct ac/ac conversion without the need for any bulky and limited lifetime electrolytic capacitor. This system also allows four-quadrant operation, generation of sinusoidal output voltage waveforms with variable frequency and amplitude, and control of input power factor. This study proposes a pulse-width modulation-based sliding-mode controller to achieve unity input-power factor operation of the IMC independently of the active power exchanged with the grid, as well as a fast dynamic response. The designed equivalent control law determines, at each sampling period, the appropriate q-axis component of the modulated input current to be injected into the grid through the LC input filter. An integral term of the error is included in the expression of the sliding surface to increase the accuracy of the control method. A double space vector modulation method is used to synthesize the direction of the space vector of the input currents as required by the sliding-mode controller and the space vectors of the target output voltages. Simulation and experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness and evaluate the performance of the proposed control method.
Assessment of Student Music Performances Using Deep Neural Networks

Music performance assessment is a highly subjective task often relying on experts to gauge both the technical and aesthetic aspects of the performance from the audio signal. This article explores the task of building computational models for music performance assessment, i.e., analyzing an audio recording of a performance and rating it along several criteria such as musicality, note accuracy, etc. Much of the earlier work in this area has been centered around using hand-crafted features intended to capture relevant aspects of a performance. However, such features are based on our limited understanding of music perception and may not be optimal. In this article, we propose using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for the task and compare their performance against a baseline model using standard and hand-crafted features. We show that, using input representations at different levels of abstraction, DNNs can outperform the baseline models across all assessment criteria. In addition, we use model analysis techniques to further explain the model predictions in an attempt to gain useful insights into the assessment process. The results demonstrate the potential of using supervised feature learning techniques to better characterize music performances.
the in HiTOP.

The categorical model of personality disorder classification in the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic Manual ( DSM-5 ; APA, 2013) is highly and fundamentally problematic. Proposed for DSM- 5 and provided within Section III (for Emerging Measures and Models) was an Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) classification, consisting of Criterion A (self-interpersonal deficits) and Criterion B (maladaptive personality traits). A proposed alternative to the DSM-5 more generally is an empirically-based dimensional organization of psychopathology identified as the Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017). HiTOP currently includes, at the highest level, a general factor of psychopathology. Further down are the five domains of detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder, and internalizing (along with a provisional sixth somatoform dimension) that align with Criterion B. The purpose of the current paper is to discuss the potential inclusion and placement of the self-interpersonal deficits of the DSM-5 Section III Criterion A within HiTOP.
Rigour and Proof. Review of Symbolic Logic.

This paper puts forward a new account of rigorous mathematical proof and its epistemology. One novel feature is a focus on how the skill of reading and writing valid proofs is learnt, as a way of understanding what validity itself amounts to. The account is used to address two current questions in the literature: that of how mathematicians are so good at resolving disputes about validity, and that of whether rigorous proofs are necessarily formalizable.
Expression on CD8 T Cells Protective Immunity in the Absence of CD40 Cutting Edge: Long-Lived CD8 Memory and

CD8 T cells need CD4 T cells to develop into long-lived, functional memory cells that provide protection against pathogen rechallenge. We investigated whether signaling via CD40 expressed on the CD8 cells themselves is in-volved in this cooperation. In murine responses to Listeria monocytogenes and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, we found no evidence of any requirement for CD40-CD40 ligand interaction at this level. No differences were observed between CD40 (cid:1) / (cid:1) and CD40 (cid:2) / (cid:2) CD8 T cells that had matured in the same environment when compar-ing their expansion in a primary or secondary response, their contribution to memory, and their ability to enter nonlymphoid tissues such as the liver. Thus, we find no evidence that CD40 ligand-expressing CD4 T cells are required to activate CD40 on CD8 T cells directly for the full differentiation of the cytotoxic T cell response. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172: 3385–3389. character-ized by an impairment in their ability to proliferate and secrete effector cytokines in response to secondary The precise role CD4 T cells play in generating or maintaining memory CD8 T cells has not been elucidated. One mechanism that has been proposed CD40 expression on activated CD8 T cells is required for proper proliferation and differentiation into functional memory cells (4). In model, CD4 T cells CD8 T via CD40 ligand (CD40L) 3 -CD40