Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reference conditions for fish microhabitat use in foothill streams: A case study on undisrupted carpathian streams

Foothill rivers characterized by a relatively high slope are frequently used for hydropower purposes or are highly regulated. These river sections are inhabited by many rheophilic species that are endangered by habitat degradation. Restoration/rehabilitation projects and fishway constructions could increase species favourable status, but relevant ecological requirements for several fish species are missing. We present a first insight into a complex microhabitat use of all species (excluding rare species) occurring within the model foothill stream and provide a comprehensive view on the most important microhabitat variables that influence the distribution of fish species within the model area. For two species, Balkan spined loach (Sabanejewia balcanica) and Carpathian barbel (Barbus carpathicus), we present the first description of such microhabitat use. The model we present (canonical correspondence analysis) significantly explains 64.5% (p < 0.01) of the variability, where water depth more than 40 cm, refuge stones and microhabitats in the bank area are the most influential microhabitat variables. Moreover, three species groups are apparent from the graphical expression of our proposed model, where species from the upper sites form the first group, young‐of‐the‐year, Balkan spined loach and common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) form the second group and abundant species inhabiting foothill river sections form the third group. In general, we assume that the preferences of a species for a given microhabitat are not only a function of, e.g. environmental variables or species length frequencies, but also strongly depend on the co‐occurring species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proof of concept of triple COMBI therapy to prohibit MPN progression to AML

Patients with accelerated or blast phase myeloproliferative neoplasms have a dismal prognosis. The report by de Castro et al. provides important information on the rationale and prospect for a novel therapeutic approach combining interferon‐alpha2 with 5‐azacytidine and a JAK1‐2 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) to be explored in well‐designed clinical trials.
Analysis of the Impact of Snow on Daily Weather Variability in Mountainous Regions Using MM5

The impacts of snow on daily weather variability, as well as the mechanisms of snowmelt over the Sierra Nevada, California–Nevada, mountainous region, were studied using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) forced by 6-h reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The analysis of two-way nested 36–12-km MM5 simulations during the 1998 snowmelt season (April–June) shows that the snow water equivalent (SWE) is underestimated when there are conditions with higher temperature and greater precipitation than observations. An observed daily SWE dataset derived from the snow telemetry network was assimilated into the Noah land surface model within MM5. This SWE assimilation reduces the warm bias. The reduction of the warm bias results from suppressed upward sensible heat flux caused by the decreased skin temperature. This skin temperature reduction is the result of the longer assimilated snow duration than in the model run without SWE assimilation. Meanwhile, the cooled surface leads to a more stable atmosphere, resulting in a decrease in the exaggerated precipitation. Additionally, the detailed analysis of the snowmelt indicates that the absence of vegetation fraction in the most sophisticated land surface model (Noah) in the MM5 package results in an overestimation of solar radiation reaching the snow surface, giving rise to heavier snowmelt. An underestimated surface albedo also weakly contributes to the stronger snowmelt. The roles of the vegetation fraction and albedo in snowmelt are further verified by an additional offline simulation from a more realistic land surface model with advanced snow and vegetation schemes forced by the MM5 output. An improvement in SWE description is clearly seen in this offline simulation over the Sierra Nevada region.
Determining Spurious Correlation between Two Variables with Common Elements: Event Area-Weighted Suspended Sediment Yield and Event Mean Runoff Depth

Spurious correlation is a classic statistical pitfall pervasive to many disciplines including geography. Although methods of calculating the spurious correlation between two variables possessing a common element in the form of sum, ratio, or product have been developed for a long time, controversial assertions on whether the spurious correlation should be treated or ignored are still prevalent. In this study, we examined this well-known but intriguing issue using the data representing two nonindependent variables, event area-weighted suspended sediment yield (SSYe) and event mean runoff depth (h). By transferring the correlation between SSYe and h to that between suspended sediment transport rate (Qs) and water discharge (Q), we developed a new method of determining whether Qs is truly correlated to Q. The method involves calculating coefficients of spurious correlation () and the associated “pure” spurious correlation (), a hypothesis test, and regression between and . Our analysis showed that (1) there exists a true correlation between SSYe and h and (2) the spurious correlation is strongly related to the variability of the variables. We then proposed a general rule stating that the apparent spurious correlation between two variables could be ignored if the two have a true causal relation. At last, we distinguished the difference between spurious correlation and spurious reference.
Errors in measurement of glomerular filtration rate using the slope-intercept technique and their identification

Background GFR measured from plasma sampling may be expressed as slope-intercept GFR (SI-GFR) and scaled to body surface area (mGFR/BSA) or as GFR per unit extracellular fluid volume (mGFR/ECV), which is based only on half-time. Measurement errors comprise 3 categories. Pre-injection error arises from error in administered marker and is suspected when mGFR/BSA and mGFR/ECV disagree. Injection errors include ‘tissued’ injections. Post-injection errors include inaccurate sample timing, inaccurate pipetting, sample haemolysis and sampling through long IV lines through which marker was administered. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of errors on mGFR. Methods We compared mGFR/BSA with mGFR/ECV in 898 patients undergoing routine investigation. To investigate post-injection error, we took two further patient datasets with r values (correlation coefficient of the 3-sample fit) of 1.0 and introduced errors, in isolation, into each of the 3 recorded sample values, as follows: pipetting (volume) errors of −20%, −10%, −5%, 5%, 10% and 20%, and timing errors of −15 min, −10 min, −5 min, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min. Results The correlation between mGFR/BSA and mGFR/ECV was close and independent of r. Post-injection error depended on the time of the sample in which it occurred. r correlated poorly with error magnitude for both volume and timing errors. When a ‘rogue’ sample is suspected its error needed to be substantial for it to be identified by single sample estimates applied to the other samples. Conclusion SI-GFR is resistant to post-injection timing and volume errors but not to pre-injection error.
Dietary carotenoid supplementation has long‐term and community‐wide effects on the amphibian skin microbiome

The amphibian skin microbiome plays a crucial role in host immunity and pathogen defence, yet we know little about the environmental drivers of skin microbial variation across host individuals. Inter‐individual variation in the availability of micro‐nutrients such as dietary carotenoids, which are involved in amphibian immunity, may be one factor that influences skin microbial assembly across different life history stages. We compared the effect of four carotenoid supplementation regimes during different life stages on the adult skin microbiome using a captive population of the critically endangered southern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree. We applied 16S rRNA sequencing paired with joint‐species distribution models to examine the effect of supplementation on taxon abundances. We found that carotenoid supplementation had subtle yet taxonomically widespread effects on the skin microbiome, even 4.5 years post supplementation. Supplementation during any life‐history stage tended to have a positive effect on the number of bacterial taxa detected, although explanatory power was low. Some genera were sensitive to supplementation pre‐metamorphosis, but most demonstrated either additive or dominant effects, whereby supplementation during one life history stage had intermediate or similar effects, respectively, to supplementation across life. Carotenoid supplementation increased abundances of taxa belonging to lactic acid bacteria, including Lactococcus and Enterococcus, a group of bacteria that have previously been linked to protection against the amphibian fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). While the fitness benefits of these microbial shifts require further study, these results suggest a fundamental relationship between nutrition and the amphibian skin microbiome which may be critical to amphibian health and the development of novel conservation strategies.
Antimicrobial Activity of Manganese(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes Bearing 1,2,3-Triazole Ligands

Background. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most pressing health issues of our time. The increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria allied to the lack of new antibiotics has contributed to the current crisis. It has been predicted that if this situation is not dealt with, we will be facing 10 million deaths due to multidrug resistant infections per year by 2050, surpassing cancer-related deaths. This alarming scenario has refocused attention into researching alternative drugs to treat multidrug-resistant infections. Aims. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of four manganese complexes containing 1,2,3,-triazole and clotrimazole ligands have been evaluated. It is known that azole antibiotics coordinated to manganese tricarbonyl complexes display interesting antimicrobial activities against several microbes. In this work, the effect of the introduction of 1,2,3,-triazole-derived ligands in the [Mn(CO)3(clotrimazole)] fragment has been investigated against one Gram-positive bacterium and five Gram-negative bacteria. Methods. The initial antimicrobial activity of the above-mentioned complexes was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations using the broth microdilution method. Growth curves in the presence and absence of the complexes were performed to determine the effects of these complexes on the growth of the selected bacteria. A possible impact on cellular viability was determined by conducting the MTS assay on human monocytes. Results. Three of the Mn complexes investigated (4–6) had good antimicrobial activities against all the bacteria tested, with values ranging from 1.79 to 61.95 µM with minimal toxicity. Conclusions. Due to the increased problem of antibiotic resistance and a lack of new antibacterial drugs with no toxicity, these results are exciting and show that these types of complexes can be an avenue to pursue in the future.
Height with Age Affects Body Mass Index (BMI) Assessment of Chronic Disease Risk

Body mass index (BMI) is a function of weight and height, but changing height has not been emphasized. Using the Framingham Heart Study with 5 decades of data on anthropomorphic measurements and disease states, changing height with age was extracted, and BMI was calculated using current and “young” height (calculated as height at age < 40 years). Decreased height began at age 40, with a mean loss from ages 40 to 80 of 4.8 cm for women and 3.6 cm for men. Using cutoff values of 25 and 30 for overweight and obesity, ~12.5% of women and ~10% of men were misclassified. Comparable figures for obesity classification were ~10 and 8%. At age 70, ~20% of women and ~15% of men were misclassified. Using the BMI corrected to “young” height, obese subjects had an increased risk for developing pre-diabetes and diabetes, with a higher risk for women than men. Using corrected BMI, obese subjects had a higher risk for developing hypertension, lower than for diabetes and higher for men than for women. These data do not establish whether the increased disease risk is clinically important but demonstrate that there is an advantage to using BMI corrected for “young” height when compared with BMI using current age-related height.
When do plant hydraulics matter in terrestrial biosphere modelling?

Abstract The ascent of water from the soil to the leaves of vascular plants, described by the study of plant hydraulics, regulates ecosystem responses to environmental forcing and recovery from stress periods. Several approaches to model plant hydraulics have been proposed. In this study, we introduce four different versions of plant hydraulics representations in the terrestrial biosphere model T&C to understand the significance of plant hydraulics to ecosystem functioning. We tested representations of plant hydraulics, investigating plant water capacitance, and long‐term xylem damages following drought. The four models we tested were a combination of representations including or neglecting capacitance and including or neglecting xylem damage legacies. Using the models at six case studies spanning semiarid to tropical ecosystems, we quantify how plant xylem flow, plant water storage and long‐term xylem damage can modulate overall water and carbon dynamics across multiple time scales. We show that as drought develops, models with plant hydraulics predict a slower onset of plant water stress, and a diurnal variability of water and carbon fluxes closer to observations. Plant water storage was found to be particularly important for the diurnal dynamics of water and carbon fluxes, with models that include plant water capacitance yielding better results. Models including permanent damage to conducting plant tissues show an additional significant drought legacy effect, limiting plant productivity during the recovery phase following major droughts. However, when considering ecosystem responses to the observed climate variability, plant hydraulic modules alone cannot significantly improve the overall model performance, even though they reproduce more realistic water and carbon dynamics. This opens new avenues for model development, explicitly linking plant hydraulics with additional ecosystem processes, such as plant phenology and improved carbon allocation algorithms.
Natural history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the United Kingdom: A descriptive study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, muscle‐degenerative disease predominantly affecting males. Natural history models capture the full disease pathway under current care and combine with estimates of new interventions’ effects to assess cost‐effectiveness by health technology decision‐makers. These models require mortality estimates throughout a patient's lifetime, but rare disease datasets typically contain relatively few patients with short follow‐ups. Alternative (published) sources of mortality data may therefore be required.
Mechanistic Insights into Ferroptotic Cell Death in Pancreatic Islets

Abstract Ferroptosis was recently identified as a non-apoptotic, iron-dependent cell death mechanism that is involved in various pathologic conditions. There is first evidence for its significance also in the context of islet isolation and transplantation. Transplantation of pancreatic human islets is a viable treatment strategy for patients with complicated diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) that suffer from severe hypoglycemia. A major determinant for functional outcome is the initial islet mass transplanted. Efficient islet isolation procedures and measures to minimize islet loss are therefore of high relevance. To this end, better understanding and subsequent targeted inhibition of cell death during islet isolation and transplantation is an effective approach. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of ferroptosis in pancreatic islets. Using a rodent model, isolated islets were characterized relating to the effects of experimental induction (RSL3) and inhibition (Fer1) of ferroptotic pathways. Besides viability, survival, and function, the study focused on characteristic ferroptosis-associated intracellular changes such as MDA level, iron concentration and the expression of ACSL4. The study demonstrates that pharmaceutical induction of ferroptosis by RSL3 causes enhancement of oxidative stress and leads to an increase of intracellular iron, zinc and MDA concentration, as well as the expression of ACSL4 protein. Consequently, a massive reduction of islet function, viability, and survival was found. Fer1 has the potential to inhibit and attenuate these cellular changes and thereby protect the islets from cell death.
Zircon U-Pb chronology,geochemistry of Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Lingquan basin in Manzhouli area,and its tectonic implications

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical data for the Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Lingquan basin in Manzhouli area were presented in order to constrain their petrogenesis and the regional tectonic evolution.Zircons from nine representative volcanic rocks are euhedral-subhedral in shape and display striped absorption or oscillatory zoning in CL images as well as high Th/U ratios (0.25~7.78),implying their magmatic origin.The dating results indicate that the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the region can be subdivided into three stages,i.e.,the Middle Jurassic (about 166Ma),the early stage of the Early Cretaceous (about 142Ma),and the late stage of the Early Cretaceous (about 125Ma). The Middle Jurassic volcanic rocks,represented by the basaltic rocks from the Tamulangou Formation,are characterized by high alkali content (K2O3%),high La/Yb,La/Nb,Hf/Sm,Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios,enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs),relative depletion in Nb,indicating that its formation should be related to the lithospheric extension after the crustal thickening.The early stage of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks,represented by the rhyolites from the Jixiangfeng Formation,have high SiO2 and alkali contents,are rich in K,Rb,Th,and relatively poor in Al,Mg,Ca,Ni,Cr and Ti,similar chemically to A-type granites,suggesting that the volcanic rocks should form under an extensional setting.The late stage of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks displays a bimodal volcanic rock association,i.e.,basaltic rocks from the Yiliekede Formation and the rhyolites from the Shangkuli Formation.The basaltic rocks are characterized by high alkali (especially K2O) contents,enrichment in LILEs and LREEs,belonging chemically to the shoshonitic series,whereas the rhyolitic rocks are similar to the A-type rhyolite.The bimodal volcanic rocks should form under an intense extensional setting.Combined with spacial distribution of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks,it is suggested that the formations of the Middle Jurassic and early stage of the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks could be related to the evolution of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogen,whereas the formation of the latest Early Cretaceous bimodal volcanic rocks should be related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent.
Illness Perceptions, Fear of Cancer Recurrence, and Mental Health in Teenage and Young Adult Cancer Survivors

Background: The Common-Sense Model of illness self-regulation underpins illness-specific cognitions (including both illness perceptions and a fear of cancer recurrence; FCR). There is evidence in adults of associations between FCR, illness perceptions, and mental health in adult cancer survivors. However, there is limited empirical research examining these constructs within the developmentally distinct population of adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of cancer. The current study aimed to bridge that gap to inform potentially modifiable treatment targets in this population. Method: A cross-sectional, correlational design was used to examine the associations between illness perceptions, FCR, and mental health. A web-based survey was completed by a convenience sample of AYA survivors. Regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results: Overall, more negative illness perceptions were associated with more severe FCR and greater depressive and anxiety symptomatology. Higher FCR was predictive of worse overall mental health. More negative overall illness perceptions predicted the relationship between FCR–depression, mediating 24.1% of the variance. Contrastingly, overall illness perceptions did not predict or mediate the relationship between FCR–anxiety. However, the specific illness perceptions regarding timeline, personal control, and emotional representation, were predictive of the FCR–anxiety relationship. Discussion: Illness perceptions and FCR were predictive of mental health outcomes. Identifying and therapeutically targeting negative illness perceptions in those young adults who have survived adolescent cancer could therefore be a means of reducing anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Previous Infection and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Middle- and High-School Students.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding the real-world impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mitigation measures, particularly vaccination, in children and adolescents in congregate settings remains important. We evaluated protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection using school-based testing data. METHODS Using data from Utah middle- and high-school students participating in school-wide antigen testing in January 2022 during omicron (BA.1) variant predominance, log binomial models were fit to estimate the protection of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Among 17 910 students, median age was 16 years (range: 12-19), 16.7% had documented previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; 55.6% received 2 vaccine doses with 211 median days since the second dose; and 8.6% of students aged 16 to 19 years received 3 vaccine doses with 21 median days since the third dose. Protection from previous infection alone was 35.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.9%-52.8%) and 23.8% (95% CI: 2.1%-40.7%) for students aged 12 to 15 and 16 to 19 years, respectively. Protection from 2-dose hybrid immunity (previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination) with <180 days since the second dose was 58.7% (95% CI: 33.2%-74.4%) for students aged 12 to 15 and 54.7% (95% CI: 31.0%-70.3%) for students aged 16 to 19 years. Protection was highest (70.0%, 95% CI: 42.3%-84.5%) among students with 3-dose hybrid immunity, although confidence intervals overlap with 2-dose vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The estimated protection against infection was strongest for those with hybrid immunity from previous infection and recent vaccination with a third dose.