Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of supplementation on the tissue composition of the commercial cuts of cross-bred F1 (Boer × SPRD) finished in native pasture

The present study aimed to assess the effect of levels of supplementation with concentrate on the tissue composition of commercial cuts of goats finished in native pasture. It was used 24 non-castrated cross-bred F1 (Boer × SPRD) goats at the age of 120 days, with initial average body weight (BW) of 15.52 kg distributed in four levels of supplementation with concentrated feed (0.0; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight in dry matter) and slaughtered at 25.12 kg; 26.62 kg; 28.56 kg and 29.19 kg, respectively, corresponding to 218 days of life. The carcass was sectioned in the half, and from the left half of the carcass, the following cuts were separated: leg, loin, ribs, shoulder and neck, which were dissected into muscle, bone and fat, with the results expressed in weight and yield of the tissues in relation to the weight of the cut. Supplementation incresead the muscle weight, as well as the fat weight and yield and decreased the muscle:fat relationship; however there was no influence on the proportion of muscle in the five studied cuts. Therefore, in order to obtain better finished commercial meat cuts, supplementation of 1.0 and 1.5% of body weight is recommended. Nevertheless, supplementation is unnecessary for obtaining lighter meat cuts with a good proportion of muscle.
Fibra solúvel e amido como fontes de carboidratos para terminação de novilhos em confinamento

The effects of starch or neutral detergent soluble fiber associated with two dietary levels of NDF on performance of finishing feedlot beef steers were evaluated in this trial. Twenty-four crossbred ½ Angus x ½ Nellore steers averaging 18 months of age and 329 ± 24 kg of body weight at the beginning of the trial were used. All four diets were balanced to supply the crude protein requirements for a daily weight gain of approximately 1.4 kg. Diets were composed (dry matter basis) by 40% of corn silage and 60% of concentrate containing corn grain, citrus pulp, soybean hulls, salt, and urea. Animals fed the diet containing high soluble fiber and low NDF content had the lowest dry matter intake (DMI), which compromised weight gain and feed conversion. This decrease in DMI can be explained by the greater level of citrus pulp (45%) compared to the other three diets. Between diets with higher NDF levels, that with soluble fiber resulted in greater daily weight gain (1.435 vs. 1.262 kg) and better feed conversion ratio (7.494 vs. 8.651) than the diet with starch. However, no significant difference was observed between the diet with high NDF and soluble fiber compared to that with low NDF and starch for these same variables. In conclusion, animal performance can be improved by changing the source and content of dietary soluble carbohydrates.
Short Term Fumigation with Nitric Oxide Gas in Air to Extend the Postharvest Life of Broccoli, Green Bean, and Bok Choy

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and bok choy (Brassica chinensis) were fumigated with nitric oxide (NO) gas in air or in nitrogen for 2 hours at 20 oC (68.0 °F), then stored at 20 oC in humidifi ed air containing 0.1 μL. L–1 (ppm) ethylene. The postharvest life of all vegetables was extended by NO although the concentration of NO required and the magnitude of the extension varied between produce ranging from 14% for green bean to more than 50% for broccoli. NO uptake by produce from air was not signifi cantly different than from nitrogen at the lower effective NO concentrations, but NO uptake was less from air at the highest concentration used for broccoli. Application of NO in an air atmosphere is considered a feasible, more convenient treatment regime for horticultural produce than use of a nitrogen atmosphere.
Caffeic acid: a brief overview of its presence, metabolism, and bioactivity

Caffeic acid is a bioactive compound found in a variety of plants including vegetables, fruits, herbs, and drinks. It belongs to the huge group of chemicals called polyphenols and is a major representative of the polyphenol subgroup of hydroxycinnamic acids. In foods, caffeic acid occurs mostly as a quinic acid ester called chlorogenic acid. Caffeic acid, like other polyphenols, is believed to exhibit many health benefits associated with their antioxidant properties, including the prevention of inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Nowadays, the use of naturally occurring bioactive substances, including caffeic acid, is becoming a very common phenomenon. Thus, information about their functions and properties is very important.Keywords: caffeic acid, polyphenols, bioactive compound, oxidative stress
Data-driven classi ﬁ cation of patients with primary progressive aphasia

Current diagnostic criteria classify primary progressive aphasia into three variants – semantic (sv), non ﬂ uent (nfv) and logopenic (lv) PPA – though the adequacy of this scheme is debated. This study took a data-driven approach, applying k-means clustering to data from 43 PPA patients. The algorithm grouped patients based on similarities in language, semantic and non-linguistic cognitive scores. The optimum solution consisted of three groups. One group, almost exclusively those diagnosed as svPPA, displayed a selective semantic impairment. A second cluster, with impairments to speech production, repetition and syntactic processing, contained a majority of patients with nfvPPA but also some lvPPA patients. The ﬁ nal group exhibited more severe de ﬁ cits to speech, repetition and syntax as well as semantic and other cognitive de ﬁ cits. These results suggest that, amongst cases of non-semantic PPA, di ﬀ erentiation mainly re ﬂ ects overall degree of language/cognitive impairment. The observed patterns were scarcely a ﬀ ected by inclusion/exclusion of non-linguistic cognitive scores.
A low band-gap copolymer composed of thienyl substituted anthracene and diketopyrrolopyrrole compatible with multiple electron acceptors for high efficiency polymer solar cells

A low band-gap copolymer consisting of 9,10-thienyl-substituted anthracene (TA) as an electron-donating unit and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as an electron-withdrawing unit has been synthesized and applied to the donor material in polymer solar cells. The weak electron-donating characteristic of TA, which has 2-D extended conjugation by thiophene side groups, makes the copolymer exhibit a low-lying HOMO level of −5.5 eV with a low band-gap of 1.65 eV, which affords both high photo-voltage and photo-current of the polymer solar cells. As a result, the solar cell device fabricated from the blend of the copolymer and PC71BM exhibits a promising power conversion efficiency of 7.02% (VOC = 0.80 V, JSC = 13.1 mA cm−2, FF = 0.67). Moreover, the polymer solar cell as fabricated from the blend of the copolymer and di-perylene bisimide (di-PBI) as a non-fullerene electron acceptor exhibits a promising power conversion efficiency of 4.23% with VOC = 0.77 V, JSC = 9.8 mA cm−2, and FF = 0.56. This photovoltaic performance of the copolymer not only demonstrates that the TA is a promising electron-donating building block for a high performance low band-gap copolymer, but also the copolymer is compatible with both PC71BM and a non-fullerene acceptor for high efficiency polymer solar cells.
Octahedral Frames for Feature-Aligned Cross Fields

We present a method for designing smooth cross fields on surfaces that automatically align to sharp features of an underlying geometry. Our approach introduces a novel class of energies based on a representation of cross fields in the spherical harmonic basis. We provide theoretical analysis of these energies in the smooth setting, showing that they penalize deviations from surface creases while otherwise promoting intrinsically smooth fields. We demonstrate the applicability of our method to quad meshing and include an extensive benchmark comparing our fields to other automatic approaches for generating feature-aligned cross fields on triangle meshes.
Firm Collateral and the Cyclicality of Knowledge Intensity

The Schumpeterian view on Business cycles treats recessions as a cleansing mechanism and a state where firms can regroup and innovate. Firms need to access finance externally in order to compensate declining cash flow in recessions. Due to financial frictions, the literature proposes that firms need to post collateral in order to mitigate problems of information asymmetries. In this paper I view knowledge within a firm as a prerequisite for it to be innovative. Combining financial frictions and firm knowledge intensity the overall hypothesis of this paper is: Firms which have collateral can retain its knowledge intensity when cash flow declines. This enables firms with collateral to benefit from recessions like Schumpeter proposed. In this paper I explore the impact of firm collateral on the cyclicality of knowledge intensity. This is conducted through using firm level data on 14,500 Swedish manufacturing firms over the period 1997-2004. The main results are: (i) the knowledge intensity of a firm without collateral is pro-cyclical. I.e. its share of highly educated employees is positively correlated with sales variation; (ii) on the other hand, the knowledge intensity of firms with collateral is counter-cyclical. Through retaining their knowledge intensity even as sales drops firms with collateral can benefit from recessions as Schumpeter proposed.
Biased Estimates of Changes in Climate Extremes From Prescribed SST Simulations

Large climate model ensembles are widely used to quantify changes in climate extremes. Here we demonstrate that model‐based estimates of changes in the probability of temperature extremes at 1.5 °C global warming regionally differ if quantified using prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) instead of using a fully coupled climate model. Based on the identical climate model used in two experimental setups, we demonstrate that particularly over the tropics and Australia estimates of the changes in the odds of annual temperature extremes can be up to more than a factor of 5 to 10 larger using prescribed SSTs rather than a fully coupled model configuration. The two experimental designs imply a different perspective on framing projections. If experiments conditional on prescribed observed SSTs are interpreted as unconditional real‐world projections, they project changes in extremes that are systematically biased high and overconfident. Our results illustrate the importance of carefully considering experimental design when interpreting projections of extremes.
Toward understanding slip inversion uncertainty and artifacts: 2. Singular value analysis

[1] Seismic slip inversion is studied by means of singular value decomposition (SVD), with emphasis on the role of singular vectors and regularization of the solution. Because the stable part of the slip inversion result is given in terms of a linear combination of the leading singular vectors (representing directions in the model space most sensitive to data), the performance of the inversion depends simply on how well the real slip model can be expanded into these vectors. The analysis is demonstrated using a synthetic model of a symmetric bilateral rupture with two asperities. Inverting the data yields a persisting false asperity in the middle of the fault, regardless of the inversion scheme used, because such a model cannot be well represented by only the leading singular vectors. The parallel study of the singular vectors from the individual stations and the whole network is suggested in order to understand how to achieve balance between overregularized solutions (with possible slip inversion artifacts) and underregularized solutions (vulnerable to data errors). The ideas are applied to the Mw 6.3 Movri Mountain earthquake, 2008, Greece, showing a weak indication of an asymmetric bilateral rupture. We suggest that inversion methods, not working explicitly with singular vectors, may yield artifacts, the origin of which can be also often explained by the SVD technique. Therefore, practical earthquake studies should be broadly complemented by the analysis of the leading singular vectors, a simple tool to evaluate the efficiency and potential drawbacks of the slip inversion.
Farmers’ occupational health, perception and practices towards leptospirosis: A cause for concern

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease with a global distribution. Exposure to Leptospira is a major occupational health concern with farmers. Lack of awareness of disease can result in delay in seeking medical care which has serious implications on morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards leptospirosis among farmers in the district of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross sectional study conducted among farmers in the district of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Data was collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess the KAP of 120 randomly selected farmers in the Homagama, Padukka, Boralesgamuwa and Kotte Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas. Results: The majority of respondents were in the 50-74 year age group and 85% were male. The majority of participants had reasonable knowledge (74%) of the method of transmission, symptoms, complications and preventive measures of leptospirosis, which was occupationally related to farming. Satisfactory attitudes towards disease prevention was demonstrated by 92.5% and 53.3% had favorable practices. Conclusion: The results of the study imply that knowledge of leptospirosis among the farming community can be improved further. This in turn may help to translate toward better attitudes and practices.
Paper 3 D Imaging and Quantitative Analysis of Vascular Networks : A Comparison of Ultramicroscopy and Micro-Computed Tomography

Rationale: Classic histology is the gold standard for vascular network imaging and analysis. The method however is laborious and prone to artefacts. Here, the suitability of ultramicroscopy (UM) and micro-computed tomography (CT) was studied to establish potential alternatives to histology. Methods: The vasculature of murine organs (kidney, heart and atherosclerotic carotid arteries) was visualized using conventional 2D microscopy, 3D light sheet ultramicroscopy (UM) and micro-CT. Moreover, spheroid-based human endothelial cell vessel formation in mice was quantified. Fluorescently labeled Isolectin GS-IB4 A647 was used for in vivo labeling of vasculature for UM analysis, and analyses were performed ex vivo after sample preparation. For CT imaging, animals were perfused postmortem with radiopaque contrast agent. Results: Using UM imaging, 3D vascular network information could be obtained in samples of animals receiving in vivo injection of the fluorescently labeled Isolectin GS-IB4. Resolution was sufficient to measure single endothelial cell integration into capillaries in the spheroid-based matrigel plug assay. Because of the selective staining of the endothelium, imaging of larger vessels yielded less favorable results. Using micro-CT or even nano-CT, imaging of capillaries was impossible due to insufficient X-ray absorption and thus insufficient signal-to-noise ratio. Identification of lumen in murine arteries using micro-CT was in contrast superior to UM. Conclusion: UM and micro-CT are two complementary techniques. Whereas UM is ideal for imaging and especially quantifying capillary networks and arterioles, larger vascular structures are easier and faster to quantify and visualize using micro-CT. 3D information of both techniques is superior to 2D histology. UM and micro-CT together may open a new field of clinical pathology
Three Bayesian econometric studies on forecast evaluation

A complete theory for evaluating forecasts has not been worked out to this date. Many studies on forecast evaluation implicitly relied on assumptions that are not supported by data, e.g., the assumption of homoskedastic and uncorrelated errors, forecaster homogeneity, etc. In this dissertation, I apply Bayesian methods to analyze various aspects of forecast evaluation. The overall objective is to better evaluate forecasts in terms of bias, efficiency, and information content by accounting for the structure of forecasts and directly addressing various critical econometric issues that are ignored by previous studies. Three related studies have been undertaken to address three issues. My first paper studies forecasts' bias and inefficiency after accounting for forecast error correlations. My second paper studies forecasts' bias and inefficiency after accounting for forecasts' hierarchical structure. My third paper proposes new measures of forecasts' information content of actual variables. Although the three papers in this dissertation studies specific data sets, the employed methods could be easily applied to forecasts with similar structures.
Magnetic excitations in some trimeric compounds

We study the magnetic excitations of the trimeric magnetic compounds A3Cu3(PO4)4 (A = Ca, Sr, Pb). The spectra are analyzed in terms of the Heisenberg model and a generic spin Hamiltonian that accounts for the changes in valence electrons distribution along the bonds among magnetic ions. The analytical results obtained in the framework of both Hamiltonians are compared to each other and to the available experimental measurements. The results based on our model show better agreement with the experimental data than those obtained with the aid of the Heisenberg model. For all trimers, our analysis reveals the existence of one thin energy band referring to the flatness of observed excitation peaks.
Magnetic field decay in normal radio pulsars

We analyse the origin of the magnetic field decay in normal radio pulsars found by us in a recent study. This decay has a typical time scale ∼4×105 yr and operates in the range ∼105– few×105 yr. We demonstrate that this field evolution may be either due to the Ohmic decay related to the scattering from phonons, or due to the Hall cascade which reaches the Hall attractor. According to our analysis, the first possibility seems to be more reliable. So, we attribute the discovered field decay mainly to the Ohmic decay by phonons, which is saturated at the age of a few×105 yr when a neutron star cools down to the critical temperature below which the phonon scattering does not contribute much to the resistivity of the crust. Some role of the Hall effect and attractor is not excluded, and will be analysed in our further studies. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
N OLL Domain perturbations , capacity and shift of eigenvalues

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A self-consistent hydrostatic mass modelling of pressure-supported dwarf galaxy Leo T

Assuming a hydrostatic equilibrium in an HI cloud, the joint Poisson's equation is set up and numerically solved to calculate the expected HI distribution. Unlike previous studies, the cloud is considered to be non-isothermal, and an {\it iterative} method is employed to iteratively estimate the intrinsic velocity dispersion profile using the observed second-moment of the HI data. We apply our {\it iterative} method to a recently discovered dwarf galaxy Leo T and find that its observed HI distribution does not comply with the expected one if one assumes no dark matter in it. To model the mass distribution in Leo T, we solve the Poisson's equation using a large number of trial dark matter halos and compare the model HI surface density ($\Sigma_{HI}$) profiles to the observed one to identify the best dark matter halo parameters. For Leo T, we find a pseudo-isothermal halo with core density, $\rho_0 \sim 0.67$ $\rm M_{\odot} \thinspace pc^{-3}$ and core radius, $r_s \sim 37$ parsec explains the observation best. The resulting dark matter halo mass within the central 300 pc, $M_{300}$, found to be $\sim 2.7 \times 10^6$ $\rm M_{\odot}$. We also find that a set of dark matter halos with similar $M_{300} \sim 3.7 \times 10^6$ $\rm M_{\odot}$ but very different $\rho_0$ and $r_s$ values, can produce equally good $\Sigma_{HI}$ profile within the observational uncertainties. This, in turn, indicates a strong degeneracy between the halo parameters and the best fit values are not unique. Interestingly, it also implies that the mass of a dark matter halo, rather than its structure primarily directs the expected HI distribution under hydrostatic equilibrium.
Physical and Organoleptic Properties of Cookies Produced with Date Fruit Pulp, Toasted Watermelon Seed and Wheat Flour Composite

Composite flour of different ratios were produced from wheat, date fruit pulp and toasted watermelon seeds. Cookies of various blends (CHU= 100% wheat Flour without fat and sugar; CHUY=100% wheat flour with sugar and fat; CHUY1=90%: 5%:5%; CHUY2= 80%:10%:10%; CHUY3=70%:15%: 15%; CHUY4= 60%: 20%:20% wheat flour: toasted watermelon seed: date fruit pulp flour respectively) were produced. The physical and organoleptic properties of the cookies were determined and Mean values of the triplicate data were subjected to One-Way ANOVA. The means were separated using Fishers’ test (p≤0.05). CHUY3 was preferred in physical properties: spread ratio (3.95), thickness (11.65mm), diameter (45.66mm) and weight (7.30g). The organoleptic qualities of CHUY: aroma (7.15), Colour (7.45), taste (7.55), texture (7.45), crispness (7.35) and overall acceptability (7.35) were better. However no significant (p≤0.05) difference was observed in overall acceptability. Efforts should be geared towards the commercial production of this cookies as well as suitable packaging material for it.
Conhecimento e uso de plantas em uma comunidade caiçara do litoral sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The Cairucu Environmental Protection Area (APA) was created to help assure the protection of the natural environment and its sustainable use by the caicara communities in the region. This work presents an ethnobotanical inventory of the plants known and used by the caicara community living on Martim de Sa beach in Paraty municipality, RJ. Thirty people live in the locality and ten of them were interviewed. Ethnobotanical information was obtained through participatory observations and semi-structured interviews with the local residents. All botanical material collected was deposited in the herbarium of the Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB). A total of 76 species belonging to 59 genera and 30 botanical families that are considered useful by the caicaras were identified. The three species most cited were Sloanea obtusifolia ("sapopema"), Scherolobium denudatum ("inga-ferro"), and Balizia pedicelaris ("timbuiba"). The Shannon Index was used to analyze species diversity (H' = 1.81) and indicated that the caicaras have a very intimate knowledge of local biodiversity when compared to studies carried out in other localities along the southeastern Brazilian coast having similar floristic composition. The inventory of the plant resources used by this community and their knowledge of the local natural environment will be useful in future conservation programs in the region.