Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of concepts for the specification of graphical exchange information requirements in building information modelling

Previous studies have investigated frameworks for the specification of Exchange Information Requirements (EIRs). So far, these efforts have concentrated on the specification of non-geometrical data. Graphical information specification is often carried out through the application of subjective criteria. Moreover, the definition of variables used in existing specification frameworks has acquired various meanings among practitioners and organisations. To address this gap, this study's aim is to identify and analyse the concepts that influence the specification of the graphical data in BIM-enabled projects. The BIM literature tends to consider problems from a technological standpoint. The current dichotomy in the BIM body of knowledge demands research that account for the context of industry practices and organisations in which the specification of graphical data is performed. To address its aim, this study adopts a qualitative strategy, employing a cross-sectional design and a grounded theory approach for data collection and analysis. The iterative nature of the grounded theory approach, particularly of its theoretical sampling feature, was addressed by dividing data collection and analysis into two stages. In exploring the concepts that define the specification of graphical data in EIRs, six main themes were identified: model use, project stage, project actors, processes and objects definitions, graphical granularity, and model attribute. Moreover, the findings support the suggestion that contextual factors play a role in the implementation of these variables and associated processes. There is a suggestion that practices at the industry and organisational context level, such as the existence of mandates, could be influencing the way practitioners specify information. These results can be employed to extend the understanding of the considerations made in the definition of graphical information in EIRs documentation. Moreover, this work could inform the activity of practitioners and the development of new technologies focused on the automation of information specification.
UNSUPERVISED CHANGE DETECTION IN OPTICAL SATELLITE IMAGERY USING SIFT FLOW

Abstract. The process of identifying change in remote sensing images has been a focal point of research for decades now. Many classical algorithms exist, and many new modern ones are still being developed. These algorithms can be divided into supervised and unsupervised. In this work an unsupervised method is presented. This method relies on the scene alignment algorithm SIFT flow. It is shown that building upon simple principles an accurate change map can be obtained from the SIFT descriptor flow of the two input images. Furthermore, it is shown that this method despite its simplicity exceeds other unsupervised methods and comes close to supervised ones, even exceeding them in some metrics. Lastly, the advantages of SIFT flow in comparison to the supervised methods are highlighted alongside its own downsides.
The Math Teachers Know: Profound Understanding of Emergent Mathematics

1. Teachers' Mathematics: Framing the Question 2. Knowing and Learning Mathematics: Some Game-Changing Insights 3. Substructing Emergent Mathematics: Cultivating an Open Disposition 4. Concept Study: Co-Constructing Teachers' Knowledge of Mathematics 5. Pedagogical Problem Solving: The Emergence of a Community of Experts 6. Concept Study in the Classroom: Enacting an Open Way of Being 7. The Mathematics Teachers (Need To) Know: Profound Understanding of Emergent Mathematics
Development of Reference Genes for Horticultural Plants

Abstract Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is extensively applied technique to investigate the transcript abundance of target genes in various organisms. Selection of appropriate reference genes (RGs) for qRT-PCR normalization is a crucial prerequisite for accurately quantifying gene expression level. RGs should exhibit minimal variation in gene expression. However, the actual expression stability of RGs fluctuates greatly in different species or under different experimental conditions. Due to rapid advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, it is no longer difficult to get massive transcriptome data, which has greatly promoted the development of RGs. In this review, we elaborate on the strategies for developing RGs using Northern blotting, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), qRT-PCR, and high-throughput technologies such as microarray and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). The process for developing RGs based on RNA-Seq is further addressed, including processing and normalization of RNA-Seq data, evaluation of gene expression stability, and screening and validation of RGs. The most frequently used RGs in horticultural plants are summarized, and the strategies for developing these RGs are introduced in detail. The information provided here will help to design effective strategies for the development of RGs in horticultural plants, with a focus on using big data generated by RNA-Seq.
MacWilliams-type equivalence relations

Let P be a poset on [n], I(P) the set of order ideals of P and E an equivalence relation on I(P). The concepts of the dual relation E ∗ of an equivalence relation E, the E-weight (resp. E ∗ -weight) distribution of a linear poset code (resp. its dual poset code) and a MacWilliams-type equivalence relation are introduced. We give a characterization for a MacWilliams-type equivalence relation in terms of MacWilliams-type identities for a linear poset code. Three kinds of equivalence relations on I(P) which are of MacWilliams-type are found, i.e., (i) we show that every equivalence re
‘Mere Puffery’ or Credible Disclosure? The Real Effects of Adopting Voluntary ESG Disclosure Standards

In this paper, we examine factors prompting companies to voluntarily adopt sustainability standards for sustainability reporting and the consequences of such voluntary commitment. Using data on firms’ voluntary adoption of sustainability standards developed by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), we find that peer pressure, sustainability-focused institutional ownership, firm visibility and performance are among the main determinants of SASB standards adoption. In terms of consequences of standards adoption, we find improvements in various sustainability outcomes including fewer work-related injuries, lower toxic releases, fewer negative sustainability-related incidents, and higher sustainability ratings. Overall, these results inform our understanding of the conditions under which voluntary disclosure standards are likely to be adopted by firms and the potential real effects of such voluntary adoption. also statistics for 1,010 matching tests of covariate balance among 505 observations and 505 matched observations. Propensity scores matching was performed using a logit model with Size , ROA , CumRet , MTB , Lev , ESG Rating , industry indicators and year indicators as covariates. Observations were matched one-to-one, without replacement, within a caliper distance of three percent. Tests of differences in means and medians are a two-sample significance at the 1%, and respectively, with Variable definitions are available in Table 1.
Experimental Investigations of Air Bubble Entrainment in Developing Shear Layers

Air-water bubbly flows are encountered in numerous engineering applications. One type of air-water shear flows is the developing flow region of a plunging jet. The mechanisms of air entrainment by plunging liquid jets are discussed in the light of new experimental evidence. Measurements were performed in hydraulic jumps (i.e. horizontal supported plunging jet flow) and in vertical supported plunging jets. Further measurements were recorded in free-falling jets, upstream of the impingement point (of plunging jet) to characterise the effects of inflow conditions on plunging jet entrainment. Distributions of air concentration and mean air-water velocity, and bubble chord length distributions measured in the developing shear layer are presented. The results indicate that the distributions of void fraction follow closely analytical solutions of the diffusion equation, as developed by CHANSON (1995a,1997a). The air-water shear layers exhibit the same shape of velocity distributions as monophase flows. But the location of the air-water shear layer differs from monophase flow results, because of the interactions between the entrained air bubbles and the turbulence. The rate of expansion of the shear layer is also affected by the air bubble dispersion. Altogether the momentum shear layer and the air bubble diffusion layer do not coincide. Chord length data show a wide range of air bubble sizes and overall the experimental results suggest strong interactions between the entrained air bubbles and the momentum transfer mechanisms. A comparative analysis of several types of air-water shear flows (plunging jet, hydraulic jump, free-falling jet, open channel flow) suggests some analogy between the different types of shear flows. It is thought that the similarities might derive from the predominance of the air bubble diffusion process in each case. Note that the present study extends the work presented by CHANSON (1995a), CUMMINGS (1996) and CHANSON and BRATTBERG (1996). The new experimental study presents a systematic investigation of the air diffusion process and momentum transfer mechanisms in turbulent shear flows with inflow velocities ranging from 2 to 8 m/s.
Volumes of Tubes in Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds

We give the ﬁrst explicit lower bound for the length of a geodesic in a closed orientable hyperbolic 3-manifold M of lowest volume. We also give an upper bound for the tube radius of any shortest geodesic in M . We ex- plain how these results might be the ﬁrst steps towards a rigorous computer assisted eﬀort to determine the least volume closed orientable hyperbolic 3-manifold(s).
Endometrial Cancer in Pre-Menopausal Women and Younger: Risk Factors and Outcome

Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in women, and it is known to be a disease among postmenopausal women, but there is rising in the number of endometrial cancers among premenopausal women. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristic, risk factors, outcomes, and survival in pre and postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer in Malaysia. A retrospective study was conducted in Hospital Melaka that involved all women who were diagnosed with endometrial cancer in Hospital Melaka from January 2002 until July 2020. All subjects’ histopathological examination result was confirmed, and their clinical data were extracted and transferred into a standardized data checklist and analysed. A total number of 392 cases was obtained from the Annual Cancer Registry Hospital Melaka. However, only 281 cases were studied, including 44.8% premenopausal and 55.2% postmenopausal women. In the premenopausal group, there were higher incidence of obesity (30.8 + 8.6 vs. 28.9 + 7.1), younger age at menarche (12.7 + 1.5 vs. 13.3 + 1.6), lesser parity (1.47 vs. 3.26), and a higher number of nulliparous women (46.8% vs. 19.4%) as compared to postmenopausal group. The premenopausal group tends to be presented with a well-differentiated grading of tumour (52.4%) and a higher incidence of having concomitant endometrial hyperplasia (41.3%). The mean survival among the premenopausal group (200.3 + 7.9 months) is higher compared to postmenopausal group (153.9 + 6.5 months). These findings correlate with good survival and prognosis among the premenopausal group compared to the postmenopausal group.
Preservation of Transgressive System Tract Geomorphic Elements during the Holocene Sea Level Rise in the South-Eastern Sicilian Tyrrhenian Margin

Understanding of complex sedimentary records formed by transgressive systems is critical because they provide information on sea level changes which control the evolution of the coastal environment. This paper discusses the preservation of the Transgressive System Tracts (TST) in the south-eastern Sicilian Tyrrhenian margin during the last Holocene eustatic cycle. The available dataset consists of high-resolution bathymetry (multibeam), whose description and interpretation through a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been integrated with six seismic profiles (CHIRP). Within the whole study area, four bathymetric contours (−120 m, −100 m, −80 m and −70 m) were identified and assumed as the markers of the main locations of the paleo-coastlines, corresponding with the steps of the main changes in the sea level. The transgressive deposits are preferentially preserved in the 70–100 m bathymetric range, bounded at the top by the maximum flooding surface and consisting of the relict geomorphic elements that represent past landscapes (coastal barrier lagoons, transgressive sheet areas, cuspate beaches, transgressive dune-field systems). Furthermore, with the support of 3D bathymetric maps, a reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the past coastal systems during the last transgressive stage is also provided.
Effects of Speed Reduction Marking Patterns on Simulated Driving Speed and Lane Position

Speed reduction markings have been installed on highways as perceptual countermeasures for speeding. However, little is known about the effects of the shape and interval of road markings on driving speed and lane position. In this paper, a driving simulator experiment and questionnaires were performed to explore the effects of speed reduction marking patterns on driving speed and standard deviation of lane position (SDLP), as well as drivers’ subjective feelings, mental workload, and visual attention. Thirty-nine participants drove on a simulated two-lane rural highway where speed reduction markings with different shapes and intervals were presented at horizontal curves. The pavement markings were associated with reduced throttle values and mean speed in advance of a horizontal curve. The marking shape did not affect participants’ speed choice or SDLP. A cognitive alerting effect of the speed reduction markings was dominant because the participants did not drive more slowly with the markings with converging intervals toward the traveling direction compared to those with a constant interval. A questionnaire on drivers’ attention reflected a potential use of road markings for drivers’ lane-position maintenance. Since less than 18 % of the participants noticed the convergence in marking intervals, speed reduction markings may also induce the perceptual illusion of acceleration.
The Impact of Reference Groups’ Recommendations on Attitude towards Organic Foods and Purchase Intention with Health Consciousness as a Mediator

Previous research has explored different aspects of reference groups, health consciousness, consumer attitude towards organic foods, and purchase intentions, but no research evidence is available on theoretical relationships among those said constructs. This research aims to investigate the impact of reference groups’ recommendations of health advice on health consciousness, attitude towards organic foods, and finally on purchase intention of organic foods. Besides, it investigates the mediation role of health consciousness on the relationship between reference groups’ recommendations and attitudes towards organic foods. This research is a positivistic study and uses a questionnaire to collect the data using a convenience sample of 126. A structural equation analysis is used to analyze the data based on SPSS and Amos 23. According to the findings, reference groups’ recommendation of health advice has a significant positive impact on health consciousness and also on attitude towards organic foods. Finally, attitude towards organic foods impacts purchase intention of organic foods. Further, it is found that health consciousness partially mediates the relationship between reference groups’ recommendations on health advice and attitude towards organic foods. The present research has bridged the theoretical and empirical gaps that existed in the literature on the said relationships. The research provides a significant original contribution to organic food marketing by shedding light on how to increase the purchase intention of organic foods. This to the the of
Climate change projection over Mainland Southeast Asia and the Lancang‐Mekong River basin based on a set of RegCM4 simulations

We investigate the projected climate change over Mainland Southeast Asia (also known as the Indochina Peninsula) and the Lancang‐Mekong River basin, a region with complex topography and unique weather and climate systems, but limited availability of published high‐resolution regional climate model (RCM) studies. The study is based on an unprecedented ensemble of 21st century projections with the RegCM4 RCM driven by five different general circulation models (GCMs) at a grid spacing of 25 km under the representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. We focus on mean temperature and precipitation in the dry season November–March (NDJFM), the wet season May–September (MJJAS), and the whole year. Intercomparison between the RegCM4 simulations with the driving GCMs is provided to illustrate the added value of the RegCM4 experiments. RegCM4 reproduces greater and more realistic spatial detail of the present day temperature and precipitation distribution compared to the driving GCMs, but some biases are found, such as an overestimation of precipitation over high topography regions. The spatial pattern of biases shows some consistencies across the GCMs and, for NDJFM the RegCM4, although weak correlation is found between the GCM and nested RegCM4 biases. A generally lower warming is projected in the future by the RegCM4 in different seasons and the whole year. For precipitation, while prevailing increases are found in the GCM projections, large areas of decrease occur in the RegCM ones, in particular during the wet season, possibly due to the more detailed topographical representation. The change patterns of precipitation show consistencies across the GCMs and the RegCM4, especially in MJJAS. The projected changes of extreme indices indicate a general decrease/increase of extreme cold/warm events. Drought events are projected to be more frequent over the southwestern, while a general increase of heavy rain events prevails over most parts of the region.
Modeling Epidemics in Seed Systems to Guide Management Strategies: The Case of Sweetpotato in Northern Uganda

Seed systems are critical for deployment of improved varieties, but also serve as major conduits for the spread of seed-borne pathogens. We evaluated the structure of an informal sweetpotato seed system for its vulnerability to the spread of epidemics, and its utility for disseminating improved varieties. During the 2014 growing season, vine sellers were surveyed weekly in the Gulu Region of Northern Uganda. Our analysis draws on tools from network theory to evaluate the potential for epidemic spread in this region. Using empirical seed transaction data and estimated spatial spread, we constructed a network of seed and pathogen movement. We modeled the introduction of a pathogen, and evaluated the influence of both epidemic starting point and quarantine treatments on epidemic progress. Quarantine of 30 out of 99 villages reduced epidemic progress by up to 66%, when compared to the control (no quarantine), over 20 time steps. The starting position in the network was critical for epidemic progress and final epidemic outcomes, and influenced the percent control conferred by quarantine treatments. Considering equal likelihood of any node being an introduction point for a new epidemic, villages of particular utility for disease monitoring were identified. Sensitivity analysis identified important parameters and priorities for future data collection. The efficacy of node degree, closeness, and eigenvector centrality was similar for selecting quarantine locations, while betweenness had more limited utility. This analysis framework can be applied to provide recommendations for a wide variety of seed systems.
Experimental animal models and evaluation techniques in intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal type of cerebral stroke without effective therapy. Although clinical trials with various surgeries have been conducted, none have improved clinical outcomes compared to the current medical management for ICH. Several ICH animal models, including autologous blood injection, collagenase injection, thrombin injection, and microballoon inflation methods, have been developed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ICH-induced brain injury. These models could also be used for discovering new therapy for ICH preclinically. We summarize the existing ICH animal models and the evaluation parameters used to measure the disease outcomes. We conclude that these models, resembling the different aspects of ICH pathogenesis, have their advantages and disadvantages. None of the current models closely represent the severity of ICH seen in clinical settings. More appropriate models are needed to streamline ICH's clinical outcomes and be used for validating newly developed treatment protocols.
Pharmaceutical care and evaluation of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV/AIDS

Highly Active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) depends on optimal adherence to be effective. Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up can be used as a strategy for treatment fidelity. To provide pharmaceutical care for HAART patients, to assess adherence, to identify and resolve drug related problems (DRP). This is a prospective, interventional study aimed at people on HAART. Data was collected using the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up form and CEAT-VIH . There was a predominance of women (59.1%), older than 33 years (75%), mostly single (43,2%). Regarding adherence, (63.6%) had insufficient adherence at the start of the study, while (36.4%) had strict/ adequate adherence. After the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, (70,4%) presented strict/adequate adherence. Regarding HAART, the relationship between adherence versus time of HAART and adherence versus regimen used was significant, considering that less time of therapy and regimen containing protease inhibitors are predictors for insufficient adherence. Regarding the DRP identified (f=77), missed pills (32.4%), untreated disease, incorrect management frequency, and undue self-medication (11.7%) were the most frequent. Pharmaceutical interventions (f=137) were predominantly advising related to specific pharmacological treatment (32.1%), non-pharmacological measures (19.7%), and medication suspension (8.7%). Pharmaceutical care was shown to be animportant strategy, within the multi professional team, to improve adherence, besides identifying and resolving DRP.