Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Prevalence of Microsporidia in the North African Hedgehog (Atelerix algirus) in the Canary Islands, Spain

Simple Summary It is well known that mammals can harbor various pathogens that can affect humans (known as zoonotic pathogens) including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Microsporidia are a group of pathogens related to fungi and parasites of several animals that can cause diarrhea or systemic infection in humans. Due to the limited knowledge about microsporidia infection in hedgehogs worldwide, this study aimed to analyze the presence and identity of microsporidia in a group of North African hedgehogs from the Canary Islands (Spain). Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, two zoonotic species of microsporidia, were identified. These results suggest that microsporidia species with zoonotic risk circulate in the archipelago. Abstract Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasites with a wide range of hosts reported worldwide; however, little is known about the epidemiological data on microsporidia infection in animals from the Canary Islands. Since data on microsporidia infection in hedgehog species are scarce, the aim of this study was to analyze the presence and identity of microsporidia in a group of North African hedgehogs (Atelerix algirus) using microscopic and molecular methods. From December 2020 to September 2021, a total of 36 fecal samples were collected from naturally deceased hedgehogs from Tenerife and Gran Canaria. All samples showed spore-compatible structures (100%; 36/36) under microscopic analysis, of which 61.1% (22/36) were amplified via the nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and the partial sequence of the 5.8S rRNA gene. After Sanger sequencing and ITS analysis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi was detected in 47.2% (17/36) of the samples, identifying two novel genotypes (AAE1 and AAE2), followed by the detection of an undetermined species in 8.3% (3/36) and Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I in 5.6% (2/36) of the samples. This study constitutes the first report of microsporidia species in Atelerix algirus worldwide, highlighting the high prevalence of zoonotic species.
Improving Advance Directives for Healthy Older People

The quality and quantity of advance directives for healthy older people need to increase. Quality will improve with literal interpretations of do‐not‐resuscitate orders and more comprehensive directives. Changing the term “DNR” to “No ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support)” should discourage health‐care providers from subsuming other limitations under the directive to withhold resuscitation. Other aggressive medical and surgical interventions should be prospectively considered in addition to resuscitation. The quantity of advance directives will increase when physicians feel motivated to devote time and expertise to thorough discussions of advance directives. Although education and legislation will motivate physicians to some extent, their roles are limited. Fair reimbursement for this primary‐care service is the most effective motive. The initial investment by Medicare may save large sums in the long run by reducing expensive, undesired care for older people.
Combined screening of early childhood development, hearing and vision by community health workers using mHealth tools in a low-income community

ABSTRACT Children in low-income communities are at risk for developmental delays and sensory losses. mHealth screening tools enable community health workers to detect developmental delays and sensory losses. This study aims to describe a combined (developmental and sensory – hearing and vision) mHealth-supported screening programme conducted by community healthcare workers with children aged four-six years (n = 63) at early childhood development centres in a low-income community. Early childhood development practitioners (n = 5) assisted with developmental screening. Referral rates were 30% (n = 19) for development, 6% (n = 4) for hearing and 5% (n = 3) for vision. The average screening time for combined screenings was 11.72 min (SD 3.45 min). Post screening questionnaires probing participants' perspectives and experiences of the combined screening were positive. A combined mHealth-supported screening programme conducted by community health workers and early childhood development practitioners appears viable, supporting early detection of developmental delays and sensory losses in children from low-income communities.
Historical Droughts in Central Mexico and Their Relation with El Niño

A catalog containing an unprecedented amount of historical data in central Mexico, covering almost six centuries (1450–1900), is used. This is a catalog of agricultural disasters that includes events associated with hydrometeorological phenomena, or hazards, whose effects were mainly felt in the agricultural sector, such as droughts. An analysis of the historical series of droughts in central Mexico for the period of 1450–1900 is performed. Periods of frequent drought centered at the years 1483, 1533, 1571, 1601, 1650, 1691, 1730, 1783, 1818, and 1860 have been identified. In particular, droughts in Mexico City and northwest Mexico that were identified through poor tree-ring growth are included in the frequent drought periods obtained in this work. Moreover, it was found that droughts occurred in El Nino years mainly for events of very strong and strong strengths, at a significant level. Also, most droughts lasted for 1 or 2 yr. Last, by analyzing the periodicities of the drought time series it was found that those that are the most conspicuous are the quasi-bidecadal frequencies of 18.9 and 21 yr.
The Racially Disparate Influence of Filing Fees on Eviction Rates

Abstract Eviction is a common and consequential event in the lives of tenants and is shaped by the legal environments in which it takes place. In this study, we show that eviction filing fees, or the amounts of money it costs landlords to begin formal evictions, have a large effect on eviction practices. Specifically, fees that are higher by $76 (one standard deviation) lead to lower eviction filing rates by 1.71 percentage points (0.26 standard deviations) and lower eviction judgment rates by 0.49 percentage points (0.19 standard deviation). Filing fees affect not only the rate but also the purpose of filing, as lower fees make landlords more likely to file serially against the same tenants as a form of rent collection. Each of these effects appears to be disproportionately large in majority-Black tracts, suggesting that low filing fees have disparate impacts on Black renters. These findings contribute to our understanding of the legal basis of housing insecurity and the racialization of eviction practices in the United States.
How do funding diversity and non-performing loans affect bank performance in different economic cycles?

Abstract This paper aims to study the impacts of bank funding diversity, non-performing loans (NPLs), and business cycles on bank performance. We employ Fixed Effect Models and the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments to examine a sample of 37 Vietnamese banks from 2005 to 2020. Our findings report that a one percentage point increase in the funding diversity index empowers ROA by 0.031 percentage points. Our results indicate that one positive standard deviation of real GDP from the trend calculated by the Hodrick-Prescott filter increases the ROA by 0.004 percentage points. However, a percentage point increase in non-performing loans reduces ROA by 0.075 percentage points. Our findings are also robust in various proxies of bank performance, economic cycles, and FED interest rate cycles. The findings help determine the optimal funding strategy for policymakers and bank managers. These findings suggest that bank managers develop long-term credit policies to control NPLs, improving sustainable performance. Regulators closely monitor macroeconomic factors to maintain banking stability in different economic stages. Our findings align with the diversification theory, trade-off theory, and prior literature.
Stem growth of Amazonian species is driven by intra-annual variability in rainfall, vapor pressure and evapotranspiration

Intra-annual distribution of precipitation in central Amazonia often leads to a short mild dry season and an increase in irradiance, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit; however, the accurate effect of intra-annual microclimatic variability on stem growth is still under investigation. The objective of this study was to determine how stem growth responds to monthly variations in microclimatic factors in the central Amazon. During five years (2008-2012) we measured diameter stem growth of 109 trees (26 species) and used principal component regression to evaluate the effect of microclimatic variability on stem growth in diameter. We found that the mean stem growth in diameter across species increased in response to an increase in rainfall and reference evapotranspiration, but it decreased with a rise in mean and minimum vapor pressure deficit. A contribution of this study is to show that even when irradiance and temperature had no significant effect on stem growth, small changes in vapor pressure deficit significantly affect stem growth. If the dry season becomes longer, as predicted by models, trees currently more sensitive to microclimatic variability associated with droughts would be the most affected by climate changes.
A Relation Between Partitions and the Number of Divisors

Since the partitions 1 + 2 + 4 and 7 contain an odd number of summands, they are called odd partitions, whereas the other three partitions are called even. Add the smallest numbers of the odd partitions, 1 + 7= 8, and do the same for the smallest numbers of the even partitions, 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. The difference between these two sums, 8 6 = 2, is exactly the number of divisors of the prime 7. In the sequel, p(n) denotes the sum of the smallest numbers of odd partitions of n minus the smallest numbers of even partitions of n, and d(n) denotes the number of divisors of n. For small numbers n, it is easy to check that p(n) equals d(n). This is not a coincidence; we shall see that it is a general relation between the smallest numbers of partitions into unequal parts and the number of divisors.
Near-field Imaging Point-like Scatterers and Extended Elastic Solid in a Fluid

Consider the time-harmonic acoustic scattering from an extended elastic body surrounded by a finite number of point-like obstacles in a fluid. We assume point source waves are emitted from arrayed transducers and the signals of scattered near-field data are recorded by receivers not far away from the scatterers (compared to the incident wavelength). The forward scattering can be modeled as an interaction problem between acoustic and elastic waves together with a multiple scattering problem between the extend solid and point scatterers. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition that can be used simultaneously to recover the shape of the extended elastic solid and to locate the positions of point scatterers. The essential ingredient in our analysis is the outgoing-to-incoming (OtI) operator applied to the resulting near-field response matrix (or operator). In the first part, we justify the MUSIC algorithm for locating point scatterers from near-field measurements. In the second part, we apply the factorization method, the continuous analogue of MUSIC, to the two-scale scattering problem for determining both extended and point scatterers. Numerical examples in 2D are demonstrated to show the validity and accuracy of our inversion algorithms. AMS subject classifications: 74J25, 74J20, 35R30, 35Q74
A tale of two groups: arithmetic groups and mapping class groups

In this chapter, we discuss similarities, differences and interaction between two natural and important classes of groups: arithmetic subgroups Γ of Lie groups G and mapping class groups Modg,n of surfaces of genus g with n punctures. We also mention similar properties and problems for related groups such as outer automorphism groups Out(Fn), Coxeter groups and hyperbolic groups. Since groups are often effectively studied by suitable spaces on which they act, we also discuss related properties of actions of arithmetic groups on symmetric spaces and actions of mapping class groups on Teichmuller spaces, hoping to get across the point that it is the existence of actions on good spaces that makes the groups interesting and special, and it is also the presence of large group actions that also makes the spaces interesting. Interaction between locally symmetric spaces and moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces through the example of the Jacobian map will also be discussed in the last part of this chapter. Since reduction theory, i.e., finding good fundamental domains for proper actions of discrete groups, is crucial to transformation group theory, i.e., to understand the algebraic structures of groups, properties of group actions and geometry, topology and compactifications of the quotient spaces, we discuss many different approaches to reduction theory of arithmetic groups acting on symmetric spaces. These results for arithmetic groups motivate some results on fundamental domains for the action of mapping class groups on Teichmuller spaces. For example, the Minkowski reduction theory of quadratic forms is generalized to the action of Modg = Modg,0 on the Teichmuller space Tg to construct an intrinsic fundamental domain consisting of finitely many cells,
NDT and E International

Non-destructive evaluation of aircraft production is optimised and digitalised with Industry 4.0. The aircraft structures produced using fibre metal laminate are traditionally inspected using water-coupled ultrasound scans and manually evaluated. This article proposes Machine Learning models to examine the defects in ultrasonic scans of A380 aircraft components. The proposed approach includes embedded image feature extraction methods and classifiers to learn defects in the scan images. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by benchmarking embedded classifiers and further promoted to research with an industry-based certification process. The HoG-Linear SVM classifier has outperformed SURF-Decision Fine Tree in detecting potential defects. The certification process uses the Probability of Detection function, substantiating that the HoG-Linear SVM classifier detects minor defects. The experimental trials prove that the proposed method will be helpful to examiners in the quality control and assurance of aircraft production, thus leading to significant contributions to non-destructive evaluation 4.0.
Neurodevelopmental Model Explaining Associations between Sex Hormones, Personality, and Eating Pathology

Clinical scientists have been investigating the relationships between sex hormones, personality, and eating disorders for decades. However, there is a lack of direct research that addresses whether personality mediates or moderates the relationships between sex hormones and eating pathology. Moreover, the neural mechanisms that underlie the interactive associations between these variables remain unclear. This review aims to summarize the associations between these constructs, describe a neural mechanism mediating these relationships, and offer clinical strategies for the early identification and intervention of eating disorders. The gathered evidence shows that aggressiveness, impulsivity, and obsessive-compulsiveness may mediate or moderate the relationships between sex hormones and eating pathology, but only among females. Furthermore, sex hormone receptor density in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway may explain the neural mechanism of these associations. Future research should use more comprehensive personality measurements and assess the mediation and moderation effects of temperament while taking the hormone levels of women across menstrual cycles into account. Additionally, electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging should be implemented to directly assess brain activity and corroborate these findings.
Quality and Agronomic Trait Analyses of Pyramids Composed of Wheat Genes NGli-D2, Sec-1s and 1Dx5+1Dy10

Due to rising living standards, it is important to improve wheat’s quality traits by adjusting its storage protein genes. The introduction or locus deletion of high molecular weight subunits could provide new options for improving wheat quality and food safety. In this study, digenic and trigenic wheat lines were identified, in which the 1Dx5+1Dy10 subunit, and NGli-D2 and Sec-1s genes were successfully polymerized to determine the role of gene pyramiding in wheat quality. In addition, the effects of ω-rye alkaloids during 1BL/1RS translocation on quality were eliminated by introducing and utilizing 1Dx5+1Dy10 subunits through gene pyramiding. Additionally, the content of alcohol-soluble proteins was reduced, the Glu/Gli ratio was increased and high-quality wheat lines were obtained. The sedimentation values and mixograph parameters of the gene pyramids under different genetic backgrounds were significantly increased. Among all the pyramids, the trigenic lines in Zhengmai 7698, which was the genetic background, had the highest sedimentation value. The mixograph parameters of the midline peak time (MPT), midline peak value (MPV), midline peak width (MPW), curve tail value (CTV), curve tail width (CTW), midline value at 8 min (MTxV), midline width at 8 min (MTxW) and midline integral at 8 min (MTxI) of the gene pyramids were markedly enhanced, especially in the trigenic lines. Therefore, the pyramiding processes of the 1Dx5+1Dy10, Sec-1S and NGli-D2 genes improved dough elasticity. The overall protein composition of the modified gene pyramids was better than that of the wild type. The Glu/Gli ratios of the type I digenic line and trigenic lines containing the NGli-D2 locus were higher than that of the type II digenic line without the NGli-D2 locus. The trigenic lines with Hengguan 35 as the genetic background had the highest Glu/Gli ratio among the specimens. The unextractable polymeric protein (UPP%) and Glu/Gli ratios of the type II digenic line and trigenic lines were significantly higher than those of the wild type. The UPP% of the type II digenic line was higher than that of the trigenic lines, while the Glu/Gli ratio was slightly lower than that of the trigenic lines. In addition, the celiac disease (CD) epitopes’ level of the gene pyramids significantly decreased. The strategy and information reported in this study could be very useful for improving wheat processing quality and reducing wheat CD epitopes.
Self-Sustained Oscillatory Flow and Fluid Mixing in a Grooved Channel

We examined numerically and experimentally self-sustained oscillation and fluid mixing in a grooved channel for steady flow. Oscillatory flow arises from Tollmien-Schlichting waves triggered by a shear layer between channel and groove flows. Vortex dynamics within the groove lead to efficient fluid exchange between both flows.
Extraction of Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Zirconium, and Technetium by Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)-Iso-Butyramide (DEHiBA) at High Metal Loadings

ABSTRACT Increased focus on carbon neutral energy has generated a resurgence of interest in nuclear power, and in particular advanced reactors which are likely to utilize high assay low enriched uranium (HALEU). This in turn could increase the economic attractiveness of recovering still partially enriched uranium from used nuclear fuel. Concomitant to development of advanced reactors, advanced reprocessing schemes should be developed which address the disadvantages to well established reprocessing schemes. The present study focuses on using di-(2-ethylhexyl)-iso-butyramide (DEHiBA) under high metal loading conditions for the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel. The elements examined in the study include the dominant transuranic actinides (Np, Pu, Am) as well as the often-problematic Tc and Zr. By increasing the concentration of the extractant from the more commonly reported 1.0 M – 1.5 M, the extraction of hexavalent actinides is substantially increased, while maintaining effective rejection of tri, tetra, and pentavalent actinides, particularly in the presence of high loadings of uranium. The extraction of Zr by 1.5 M DEHiBA is noted to be negligible by comparison to tributyl phosphate (TBP), however the coextraction of Tc with U is observed to be nominally twice the quantity that is extracted by TBP indicating a need for effective Tc management.
School Commitment with Collaboration from a Cultural and Personality Perspective

This study aims to reveal the commitment of school organizational management in the perspective of organizational management culture and the Big Five personality through trust. This variable needs to be analyzed in order to see the impact of how much influence the school organization has in the cultural perspective of educational management with the personality of the Big Five. This research method is quantitative with a path analysis strategy. The population of all teachers and a sample of 227 teachers. Data was obtained using a questionnaire and circulated using the Google form. The results of the study (1) the relationship between organizational culture and personality and vice versa is positive and very strong, (2) the influence of organizational culture on trust is weak, positive and significant, (3) the influence of personality on trust. Trust is positive, very strong, and significant, (4) the effect of organizational culture on organizational commitment is positive, very strong and significant, (5) the effect of personality on organizational commitment is very weak and not significant, (6) the effect of trust on organizational commitment is positive, very weak, (7) the effect of organizational culture on organizational commitment through low trust, and (8) the influence of personality on organizational commitment through low trust.
Curvature Measures and Confidence Intervals for the Linear Logistic Model

SUMMARY The curvature measures introduced by Bates and Watts and the subset curvature measure proposed by Cook and Goldberg were calculated for the linear logistic model and for the exponential model for a large number of data sets. In addition, likelihood ratio and linear approximation confidence intervals were calculated for one of the parameters in each model. The relationship between the subset curvature and the confidence intervals was studied. As others have found, the parameter effects curvature is in general much larger than the intrinsic curvature. The relationship between the subset curvature and the agreement between the two types of confidence interval which was expected turned out to be very poor. This sheds serious doubt on the usefulness of the subset curvature measure as a diagnostic tool for validating the linear approximation interval.