Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HBsAg (−)/HBsAb (−)/HBeAg (−)/HBeAb (+)/HBcAb (+) predicts a high risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients with B‐cell lymphoma receiving rituximab based immunochemotherapy

Patterns of hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV‐R) in HBsAg (−)/HBcAb (+) patients with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) receiving rituximab based immunochemotherapy have not been well described. The retrospective study included 222 HBsAg (−)/HBcAb (+) NHL patients as training cohort and 127 cases as validation cohort. The incidence of HBV‐R in HBsAg (−)/HBcAb (+) B‐cell NHL patients was 6.3% (14/222), of which that in HBsAg (−)/HBsAb (−)/HBeAg (−)/HBeAb (+)/HBcAb (+) population was 23.7% (9/38). Multivariate analysis showed that HBsAg (‐)/HBsAb (−)/HBeAg (−)/HBeAb (+)/HBcAb (+) correlated with a high risk of HBV‐R in B‐cell lymphoma patients (training phase hazard ratio [HR], 10.123; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.389–30.239; p < 0.001; validation phase HR, 18.619; 95% CI, 1.684–205.906; p = 0.017; combined HR, 12.264; 95% CI, 4.529–33.207; p < 0.001). In the training cohort, the mortality rate of HBsAg (−)/HBcAb (+) B‐cell NHL caused by HBV‐R was 14.3% (2/14) while that for HBV reactivated HBsAg (‐)/HBsAb (−)/HBeAg (−)/HBeAb (+)/HBcAb (+) population was up to 44.4% (4/9). As a high incidence of HBV‐R and high mortality after HBV‐R was found in HBsAg (−)/HBsAb (−)/HBcAb (+)/HBeAg (−)/HBeAb (+) patients with B‐cell NHL receiving rituximab based immunochemotherapy, prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended for these patients.
The Impact of Implicit-Bias-Oriented Diversity Training on Police Officers’ Beliefs, Motivations, and Actions

U.S. police departments have attempted to address racial inequities in policing with diversity training. However, little research has evaluated whether these trainings are effective at changing officers’ beliefs, motivations, and actions. To examine their efficacy, we tested a day-long implicit-bias-oriented diversity training designed to increase U.S. police officers’ knowledge of biases, concerns about bias, and use of evidence-based strategies to mitigate bias (total N = 3,764). The training was immediately effective at increasing knowledge about bias, concerns about bias, and intentions to address bias, relative to baseline. However, the effects were fleeting. Although the training was linked to higher knowledge for at least 1 month, it was ineffective at durably increasing concerns or strategy use. These findings suggest that diversity trainings as they are currently practiced are unlikely to change police behavior. We conclude with theorizing about what organizations and training programs could do for greater impact.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Vortex Generators in Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical investigation was performed for heat transfer characteristics and flow structure of full scale fin-and-tube heat exchangers with rectangular winglet pair (RWP). For the Reynolds number ranging from 500 to 880, the baseline configuration (without RWP) is compared with three enhanced configurations (with RWP): inline-1RWP case, inline-3RWP case, and inline-7RWP case. It was found that the air-side heat transfer coefficient improved by 28.1–43.9%, 71.3–87.6%, and 98.9–131% for the three enhanced configurations, with an associated pressure drop penalty increase of 11.3–25.1%, 54.4–72%, and 88.8–121.4%, respectively. An overall performance comparison was conducted by using the London area goodness factor. It is revealed that among the three enhanced configurations, the inline-1RWP case obtains the best overall performance, and the inline-3RWP case is better than the inline-7RWP case. The numerical results were also analyzed on the basis of the field synergy principle to provide fundamental understanding of the relation between local flow structure and heat transfer augmentation. It was confirmed that the reduction in the average intersection angle between the velocity vector and the temperature gradient was one of the essential factors influencing heat transfer enhancement. The analysis also provides guidelines for where the enhancement technique is highly needed.
Myricetin is effective and selective in inhibiting imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia stem and differentiated cells through targeting eIF4E

Although imatinib has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), s develop resistance to imatinib when progress to blast phase and relapse. Myricetin, a flavonoid compound found in natural plants, has multiple biological functions. In this study, we show that myricetin demonstrated potent efficacy in imatinib-resistant CML CD34+ stem/progenitor cells with less toxicity in normal bone marrow. Myricetin is also active against imatinib-resistant CML bulk cells. The in vitro observations on the therapeutic effects of myricetin were translatable to in vivo imatinib-resistant CML xenograft mouse models. Mechanism studies showed that myricetin decreased the phosphorylation of eIF4E and Ak strain transforming, and the protein level of c-Myc and Cyclin D1. Rescue studies using eIF4E (S209D) and (S209A) confirmed that eIF4E phosphorylation inhibition was the mechanism of myricetin’s action in CML. Our results suggest that myricetin may be a potential lead for drug development to overcome imatinib resistance in CML.
Clozapine: Dose, Sex, Ethnicity, Smoking Habit, Age, Body Weight, and Plasma Clozapine and N-Desmethylclozapine (Norclozapine) Concentrations in Clinical Practice.

BACKGROUND Guidance on clozapine dosing in treatment refractory schizophrenia is based largely on data from young adult male White patients. AIM This study aimed to audit the plasma clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine (norclozapine) concentrations attained in male and female patients of different ethnicity and smoking habit. METHOD The effect of dose, sex, ethnicity, age, body weight, and smoking habit on plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations were studied using data from a therapeutic drug monitoring service, 1993 to 2017. RESULTS There were 371,610 samples (48,098 patients, 32,855 male). Ethnicity was recorded for 763 Afro-Caribbean, 536 Asian, and 7940 White patients. Males were prescribed significantly higher median doses than females but attained significantly lower median plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations. Asian and Afro-Caribbean males were prescribed significantly lower and higher median doses, respectively, than White males but attained significantly higher and lower median plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations, respectively. Data from 78,431 samples (23,516 patients) were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The predicted dose to attain a predose plasma clozapine concentration of 0.35 mg/L in a nonsmoking White male aged 40 years, with weight of 70 kg, and plasma clozapine-norclozapine ratio of 1.32 was 344 mg/d (95% confidence interval, 227-526 mg/d). The predicted dose was 33% higher and 20% lower in otherwise analogous Afro-Caribbean and Asian patients, respectively. In all cases, the predicted dose was increased by 36% in smokers and decreased by 22% in females. CONCLUSIONS Research is needed to further investigate the complex relationships between dose, sex, ethnicity, plasma clozapine and norclozapine concentrations, and clinical outcome such as weight gain.
Velocity Loss Is Not an Accurate Predictor of the Percentage of Completed Repetitions During the Prone Bench Pull Exercise

Abstract Pérez-Castilla, A, Miras-Moreno, S, Janicijevic, D, and García-Ramos, A. Velocity loss is not an accurate predictor of the percentage of completed repetitions during the prone bench pull exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1001–1008, 2023—The primary aim of this study was to explore the goodness of fit and accuracy of both general and individual relationships between the magnitude of velocity loss (%VL) and the percentage of performed repetitions with respect to the maximal number of repetitions that can be completed to failure (%Rep) during the Smith machine prone bench pull exercise. Fifteen male sports science students completed a preliminary session to determine the bench pull one-repetition maximum (1RM) and 2 identical experimental sessions separated by 48–72 hours. In each experimental session, subjects randomly performed single sets of repetitions to failure separated by 10 minutes against the 60% 1RM, 70% 1RM, and 80% 1RM during the Smith machine bench pull exercise. Individual %Rep-%VL relationships presented a greater goodness of fit than general %Rep-%VL relationships at the 60% 1RM (R2 = 0.85–0.97 vs. 0.79–0.85), 70% 1RM (R2 = 0.84–0.99 vs. 0.77–0.84), and 80% 1RM (R2 = 0.84–1.00 vs. 0.74–0.80). However, the accuracy (absolute errors) in estimating the %Rep during the second testing session based on the %Rep-%VL equations obtained in the first testing session did not differ between the individual and general %Rep-%VL equations in 8 of 9 comparisons (p ≥ 0.102). The absolute errors between the actual and predicted %REP were unacceptable (>10%) in 11 of 18 comparisons, and acceptable (5–10%) in 7 of 18 comparisons. These results highlight that the %Rep cannot be estimated with high degree of accuracy from VL recordings during the Smith machine bench pull exercise, regardless of whether individual or general Rep-%VL relationships are considered.
Mechanistic insight of interleukin‐9 induced osteoclastogenesis

Interleukin (IL)‐9 is an emerging player in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases including bone disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Recently, IL‐9 was shown to enhance the osteoclast formation and their function in RA. However, the mechanisms by which IL‐9 influences osteoclastogenesis are not known. Therefore, in this study we aimed to unravel the direct and indirect ways by which IL‐9 can influence osteoclast formation. We used mouse bone marrow precursor cells for checking the effect of IL‐9 on osteoclast differentiation and its function. Next, IL‐9 induced signalling pathway were checked in the process of osteoclastogenesis. T cells play an important role in enhancing osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory conditions. We used splenic T cells to understand the impact of IL‐9 on the functions of T effector (Teff) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, the effect of IL‐9 mediated modulation of the T cell response on osteoclasts was checked using a coculture model of T cells with osteoclast precursors. We showed that IL‐9 enhanced osteoclast formation and its function. We found that IL‐9 activates STAT3, P38 MAPK, ERK1/2, NFκB and we hypothesize that it mediates the effect on osteoclastogenesis by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, IL‐9 was observed to facilitate the functions of pro‐osteoclastogenic IL‐17 producing T cells, but inhibits the function of anti‐osteoclastogenic Treg cells. Our observations suggest that IL‐9 can influence osteoclastogenesis directly by modulating the signalling cascade in the precursor cells; indirectly by enhancing IL‐17 producing T cells and by reducing the functions of Treg cells.
The Structure of Turbulence in the Near-neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract In this paper, the idea of local similarity, previously used to study turbulence in the stably stratified boundary layer, is used to investigate the structure of turbulence in the neutral atmospheric boundary layer and to relate this structure to the turbulent kinetic energy balance. It is found that in the lower half of the boundary layer, the turbulence exhibits local similarity and that the turbulence kinetic energy budget is essentially a balance between shear production and dissipation. In the upper half of the boundary layer, where turbulent transport is a significant term in the turbulence kinetic energy balance, local similarity breaks down. This is consistent with the second-order moment equations, which suggest that local similarity arises in situations where the turbulent and pressure transport terms are small. Results from a large-eddy simulation of the neutral boundary layer are also investigated using local similarity. The simulated turbulence agrees well with the observations for t.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL RESPIROMETRY FOR BURN-RELATED SEPSIS

ABSTRACT Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality among burn patients that survive acute resuscitation. Clinical criteria have poor diagnostic value for burn-induced sepsis, making it difficult to diagnose. Protein biomarkers (e.g., procalcitonin) have been examined with limited success. We aimed to explore other biomarkers related to mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]) and mitochondrial function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for sepsis diagnosis in burn patients. Methods: We conducted a follow-up analysis of a single center, prospective observational study of subjects (n = 10 healthy volunteers, n = 24 burn patients) to examine the diagnostic value of mtDNA and PBMC respirometry. Patients were enrolled regardless of sepsis status and followed longitudinally. Patient samples were classified as septic or not based on empiric clinical criteria. Isolated PBMCs were loaded into a high-resolution respirometer, and circulating mtDNA was measured with a PCR-based assay. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) criteria were also compared. Results: The SOFA criteria comparing septic versus before/nonseptic patients revealed significantly higher heart rate (P = 0.012) and lower mean arterial pressure (P = 0.039) in burn sepsis. MtDNA was significantly elevated in septic burn patients compared with healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001) and nonseptic patients (P < 0.0001), with no significant difference between healthy volunteers and nonseptic burn patients (P = 0.187). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for mtDNA was 0.685 (95% confidence interval = 0.50–0.86). For PBMC respirometry, burn patients exhibited increased routine and maximal respiration potential compared with healthy volunteers. However, no difference was found between nonseptic and septic patient samples. A subanalysis revealed a significant mortality difference in PBMC respirometry after sepsis diagnosis, wherein survivors had higher routine respiration (P = 0.003) and maximal respiration (P = 0.011) compared with nonsurvivors. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that mtDNA may have diagnostic value for burn sepsis, whereas PBMC respirometry is nonspecifically elevated in burns, but may have value in mortality prognosis. A larger, multisite study is warranted for further validity of the diagnostic value of mtDNA and PBMC respirometry as biomarkers for prognosis of sepsis and outcomes in burn patients.
Commonalities, differences, and differences that matter between monolingual and bilingual development

Abstract This commentary makes the argument that the child-internal and child-external sources of individual differences in bilingual development are much the same as the sources of individual differences in monolingual development. It makes the further argument that the operation of the child-external influences results in differences between monolingual and bilingual development in the rate and sometimes in the outcome of language acquisition. An argument is made for the scientific and practical value of understanding the differences between monolingual and bilingual development, and future directions for research are suggested.
Financial support failure and health results: The Peruvian case

The paper shed the light in analyzing the efficiency of Peruvian Government Financial Support in comparison with some countries in the Latin American Region and worldwide. The Covid 19 Pandemic enforced governments to apply the “Hammer Blow” which affected negatively the economy producing recession and unemployment. Governments offset the latter effect by applying subsidy policies to the Poor and then reduce the negative economic consequences of the general lockdown without getting COVID. Our study performs a Difference and Difference Model (DID) to evaluate the effectiveness of the latter policy.
A robust test for asymptotic independence of bivariate extremes

We show that the existing tests for asymptotic independence are sensitive to outliers. A robust test is proposed. The new test is made stable under contamination through a shrinkage scheme. Simulations show that the new test performs well in the presence of contaminated data while maintaining good properties when there is no contamination. An application to real data shows the added value of our new robust approach.
Characterization of granular metal oxide semiconductor gas sensitive layers by using Hall effect based approaches

The paper provides a critical assessment of the progress made in the field of gas sensing metal oxide semiconductors (MOX) based on the Hall effect measurement as the main experimental data source. At the beginning, the focus is on the morphologic and the functional peculiarities of this type of material that differentiate them among the larger class of polycrystalline, granular and porous semiconductors. On this basis the complications in defining and extracting the electrical parameters of MOX, especially under operating conditions, are discussed. Different experimental solutions addressing the Hall effect measurements on gas sensing MOX reported in the literature are then briefly presented as the foundation of the discussions about the most utilized modelling procedures. Two main trends are identified: the solid-state and the chemo-physical ones. The solid-state methods focus on the crystallite energy structure, introducing the external influences as model parameters describing the interface trap distribution. The chemo-physical models firstly give a physical picture of the chemical interaction of the ambient with the solid-state surface by connecting the target gases partial pressures with the surface trap concentration and energy and, afterwards, follow the formalism used by the solid-state models. For each type of approach, representative examples and applicative illustrations are considered. An extended overview of the accessible data is included at the end of the paper in a tabulated form.
Effects of gain saturation on polarization switching in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Starting from a fully microscopic spin-flip model for a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, we derive a macroscopic model that includes the frequency dependence of the complex gain and the gain nonlinearities due to spectral hole burning. The macroscopic model reproduces well the predictions of the microscopic one. The gain nonlinearities affect especially the switching from the higher to the lower frequency, and their effects are more manifest when the spin-flip rate is large.
Are we ready for broader adoption of ARM in the HPC community: Performance and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Benchmarks and Applications Executed on High-End ARM Systems

A set of benchmarks, including numerical libraries and real-world scientific applications, were run on several modern ARM systems (Amazon Graviton 3/2, Futjutsu A64FX, Ampere Altra, Thunder X2) and compared to x86 systems (Intel and AMD) as well as to hybrid Intel x86/NVIDIA GPUs systems. For benchmarking automation, the application kernel module of XDMoD was used. XDMoD is a comprehensive suite for HPC resource utilization and performance monitoring. The application kernel module enables continuous performance monitoring of HPC resources through the regular execution of user applications. It has been used on the Ookami system (one of the first USA-based Fujitsu ARM A64FX SVE 512 systems). The applications used for this study span a variety of computational paradigms: HPCC (several HPC benchmarks), NWChem (ab initio chemistry), Open Foam(partial differential equation solver), GROMACS (biomolecular simulation), AI Benchmark Alpha (AI benchmark) and Enzo (adaptive mesh refinement). ARM performance, while generally slower, was nonetheless shown in many cases to be comparable to current x86 counterparts and often outperforms previous generations of x86 CPUs. In terms of energy efficiency, which considers both power consumption and execution time, ARM was shown in most cases to be more energy efficient than x86 processors. In cases where GPU performance was tested, the GPU systems showed the fastest speed and the highest energy efficiency. Given the high core count per node, comparable performance, and competitive pricing, current high-end ARM CPUs are already a valid choice as a primary HPC system processor.
Professional Identity and Burnout among Pre-School, Elementary, and Post-Elementary School Teachers in Israel.

The novelty of the present study is its attempt to distinguish between pre-school, elementary, and post-elementaryschool teachers, regarding the relationship between professional identity and burnout. Two hundred and fortyteachers responded to two questionnaires: professional identity and teacher burnout scales. Pre-school teachers werefound to be less burned out than their elementary and post-elementary school colleagues, for both general burnoutscore, and the factors of non-fulfillment and depersonalization. Regarding general burnout, no significant differencewas found between elementary and post-elementary school teachers. Elementary school teachers had significantlyhigher scores for general professional identity and its factors than pre-school and post-elementary school teachers.Regression equations of different kinds were found for predicting burnout according to professional identity factorsand years of experience.
On the lattice of deductive systems of a BL-algebra

For a BL-algebra A we denote by Ds(A) the lattice of all deductive systems of A. The aim of this paper is to put in evidence new characterizations for the meet-irreducible elements on Ds(A). Hyperarchimedean BL-algebras, too, are characterized.
Semi‐Markov processes and mobility†

A stochastic model of migration, occupational and vertical mobility, based on the theory of Semi‐Markov processes, is presented and important features of these processes derived. The model is a generalization of the Markov process in which the probability of leaving a state can depend in any arbitrary way on the length of time the state has been occupied (duration‐of‐stay) and on the next state entered (pushes and pulls). For mobility processes it thus captures McGinnis’ ‘axiom of cumulative inertia. ’ Several distributions with cumulative inertia are presented and the relationship between the Semi‐Markov model and the Mover‐Stayer model explored. A method of including age effects is described. The model is shown to have applications to many other social processes, in addition to mobility, which have duration‐of‐stay effects.