Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHYTODIVERSITY AND PLANT LIFE OF KHANPUR DAM, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

The present study was aimed to record the flora of Khanpur Dam, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, the whole area was surveyed during 2009 to 2010 for the collection of plant specimens. A total of 221 plant species of 169 genera and 66 families were recorded from the study area, including two ferns, one gymnosperm, 39 monocots and 179 dicots. Poaceae was found as the most dominant family in the flora of the project area that contributed 33 species (14. 86%), followed by Asteraceae 26 spp. (11.71%), Fabaceae 13 spp. (5.86%), Amaranthaceae & Lamiaceae 9 spp. each (4.05% each), Euphorbiaceae & Solanaceae 8 spp. (3.60% each), Polygonaceae 7 spp. (3.15%) and Brassicaceae 6 spp. (2.70%), while rest of the families shared 1-5 species. It was observed that most of the taxa were perennials (49.32%) followed by annuals (47.51%) and biennial (3.17%). Herbs were dominating fraction in the floristic composition that contributed 57.47%, followed by shrubs (14.03%), grasses (10.86%) and trees (9.50%), whereas rest of 5 categories were in the range of 3.17-0.45%. Therophytes were the most abundant life form that constituted 42.53% of the total flora, followed by phanerophytes (27.15%), hemicryptophytes (18.55%), chamaephytes (7.24%) and cryptophytes (4.52%). Two species viz., Alternanthera paronychioides and Boerhavia diandra are reported for the first time from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
Leptin-promoted Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion Is MMP14 Dependent and Requires the Crosstalk Between Notch1 and PI3K/Akt Signaling 1 Running title: LEPTIN PROMOTES EVT CELLS INVASION BY MMP14

The over-expression of leptin is a crucial feature for the maintenance of pregnancy. The effects of leptin on trophoblasts invasion are important to its reproductive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. MMP14 is a member of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family that is closely involved in the invasion process. Here, we characterized the importance of MMP14 in the pro-invasion effect of leptin on EVT cells and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. Transwell assay revealed that leptin promoted invasion of the immortalized EVT cell line HTR-8/SVneo in a dose- and time-related fashion. Further studies suggested that leptin enhanced HTR-8/SVneo cells invasion by up-regulating MMP14 expression, and knockdown of MMP14 by small interference RNA (siRNA) blocked the pro-invasion effect of leptin. Notably, leptin promoted the expression of Notch1 receptor and activated its signaling in HTR-8/SVneo cells, and blocking this pathway by siRNA inhibited both leptin-enhanced MMP14 expression and invasiveness of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Such effects of Notch1 signaling were related with the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, which was significantly activated after leptin stimulation and was interfered by Notch1 signaling perturbation. Taken together, our observations suggest that leptin is an effective regulator of MMP14 expression, which consequently plays critical roles in invasion of EVT cells. The promoting effects of leptin on MMP14 require the crosstalk between Notch1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Summary sentence: MMP14 is involved in leptin-promoted EVT cells invasion and its up-regulation requires the crosstalk between Notch1 and PI3K/Akt pathways.
The effect of Ultrasound Pre-Treatment and Air-Drying on the Quality of Dried Apples

In order to develop environmentally sound, energy inexpensive and well scalable drying techniques that maintain high quality of dried fruit, optimisation of integrated process (ultrasound and air-drying) in the production of dried apples was conducted. Selected quality parameters of fresh and dried apples (variety Goldparmane) resulting from different duration of ultrasonic pre-treatment and air-drying were compared. Sugars were determined spectrophotometrically using an enzymatic method. Content of total phenols and flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically with the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, while the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using ABTS (2, 2-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power) assays. Sensory properties of dried apples were investigated according to the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. In combination with the same air-drying conditions, prolonged ultrasound pre-treatment led to a decrease in total phenols and flavonoids, as well as in the antioxidant capacity of dried apples. Difference in drying time had no significant effect on the content of total phenols and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant capacity. The sample dried without the ultrasound pre-treatment was evaluated as the most sensory acceptable. The content of glucose and fructose correlated well with total phenols and flavonoids, as well as with antioxidant capacity of apple samples.
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF TWO SONG FORMS BY THE EASTERN PHOEBE

Vocal development among oscines typically involves some form of vocal imitation, with young birds learning the songs of adult conspecifics or heterospecifics during early life (e.g., Slater 1983). In the field, the consequences of this vocal learning are readily apparent in the form of local song traditions (Mundinger 1982) or interspecific mimicry (Baylis 1982). In the laboratory, juvenile oscines denied experience with conspecific song typically develop very abnormal songs or else learn the songs of other species (Kroodsma 1982). Vocal development may be very different in the more “primitive” passerine suborder, the suboscines. In a study of the Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) and Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillil), I could find no difference between the songs of wild birds and the songs of males or testosterone-treated females that were hand-reared in the laboratory from seven to ten days of age and denied access to conspecific song models (Kroodsma 1984). Vocal learning appears to play a negligible role in song development in these two Empidonax species. Such an interpretation is consistent with the relative absence of geographic vocal variation found in this genus (Stein 1963, Payne and Budde 1979, Johnson 1980). Together with morphological characters such as sperm structure, stapes structure, and syrinx complexity (e.g., Feduccia 1980), the mode of vocal development may distinguish the oscines from the suboscines. However, more data on vocal ontogeny are needed from other suboscines before such a generalization can be accepted confidently. I therefore initiated a study of vocal development in the Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), a species closely related to the Empidonax complex (W. E. Lanyon, unpubl. data). Here I report that male and female laboratory-reared phoebes not only develop the two song forms characteristic of the species (Smith 1977) but that they also use them in typical wild-type fashion.
Effects of high pressure processing on soymilk enzymes, proteins, and isoflavones

vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Introduction 1 Thesis organization 3 Literature review 3 Soybeans and soy foods consumption and trends 3 Soy storage proteins 5 Biologically active soy components 6 Protease inhibitors 7 Lipoxygenase 11 (3-Glucosidase 15 Isoflavones 17 Soymilk processing 21 Effects of heat treatment on soymilk components 22 Proteins 22 Protease inhibitors 24 Lipoxygenase 28 (3-Glucosidase 29 Isoflavones 30 Vitamins 31 Effects of heat treatment on soymilk organoleptic characteristics 31 Color 31 Viscosity 32 High pressure processing 33 Brief history of the development of high pressure processing 33 Advantages of high pressure processing 34 Equipment and operation 35 General principles 36 Effects of high pressure on food constituents and microorganisms 38 Soy proteins under pressure 41 Soybean protease inhibitors and enzymes inactivation by pressure 42 Protease inhibitors 42 Lipoxygenase 43 Effects of high pressure processing on soymilk characteristics 44 CHAPTER 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study I: Impact of high pressure and temperature on the activity of soy enzymes
Faculty Opinions recommendation of CD8+ T cells mediate recovery and immunopathology in West Nile virus encephalitis.

C57BL/6J mice infected intravenously with the Sarafend strain of West Nile virus (WNV) develop a characteristic central nervous system (CNS) disease, including an acute inﬂammatory reaction. Dose response studies indicate two distinct kinetics of mortality. At high doses of infection (10 8 PFU), direct infection of the brain occurred within 24 h, resulting in 100% mortality with a 6-day mean survival time (MST), and there was minimal destruction of neural tissue. A low dose (10 3 PFU) of infection resulted in 27% mortality (MST, 11 days), and virus could be detected in the CNS 7 days postinfection (p.i.). Virus was present in the hypogastric lymph nodes and spleens at days 4 to 7 p.i. Histology of the brains revealed neuronal degeneration and inﬂammation within leptomeninges and brain parenchyma. Inﬂammatory cell inﬁltration was detectable in brains from day 4 p.i. onward in the high-dose group and from day 7 p.i. in the low-dose group, with the severity of inﬁltration increasing over time. The cellular inﬁltrates in brain consisted predominantly of CD8 (cid:1) , but not CD4 (cid:1) , T cells. CD8 (cid:1) T cells in the brain and the spleen expressed the activation markers CD69 early and expressed CD25 at later time points. CD8 (cid:1) T-cell-deﬁcient mice infected with 10 3 PFU of WNV showed increased mortalities but prolonged MST and early infection of the CNS compared to wild-type mice. Using high doses of virus in CD8-deﬁcient mice leads to increased survival. These results provide evidence that CD8 (cid:1) T cells are involved in both recovery and immunopathology in WNV infection.
Chemerin, a novel adipokine in the regulation of angiogenesis.

CONTEXT Chemerin is a new adipokine associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gene expression levels of chemerin were elevated in the adipose depots of obese compared with lean animals and was markedly elevated during differentiation of fibroblasts into mature adipocytes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the regulation and potential function of chemerin using a genetics approach. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTION Plasma chemerin levels were measured in subjects from the San Antonio Family Heart Study, a large family-based genetic epidemiological study including 1354 Mexican-American individuals. Individuals were randomly sampled without regard to phenotype or disease status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A genome-wide association analysis using 542,944 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a subset of 523 of the same subjects was undertaken. The effect of chemerin on angiogenesis was measured using human endothelial cells and interstitial cells in coculture in a specially formulated medium. RESULTS Serum chemerin levels were found to be highly heritable (h(2) = 0.25; P = 1.4 x 10(-9)). The single-nucleotide polymorphism showing strongest evidence of association (rs347344; P = 1.4 x 10(-6)) was located within the gene encoding epithelial growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3, which has a known role in angiogenesis. Functional angiogenesis assays in human endothelial cells confirmed that chemerin significantly mediated the formation of blood vessels to a similar extent as vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSION Here we demonstrate for the first time that plasma chemerin levels are significantly heritable and identified a novel role for chemerin as a stimulator of angiogenesis.
Regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax.

Apoptosis is essential for correct development and tissue homeostasis of multi-cellular organisms as well as providing a critical safety mechanism to remove unwanted and damaged cells throughout life. Apoptosis is also relevant to human pathologies: many cancers acquire lesions in apoptotic pathways whilst inappropriate activation of apoptosis occurs in degenerative disease. This thesis studies the regulation and function of a key regulator of apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, the Bcl-2 family member, Bax. Bax is shown to be a cytoplasmic protein that, upon activation, rapidly translocates into mitochondrially-associated foci. The timing and possible causes of Bax activation have been studied. Live cell video microscopy reveals that this is a rapid and co-ordinated process and is accompanied by loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Two viral proteins, El B 19k from Adenovirus and BHRF1 from Epstein Bar Virus, are shown to block Bax activation at different steps. Using these proteins it is shown that changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure occur prior to Bax activation. In the second part of this thesis, a structure / function analysis of the Bax protein leads to the identification of a novel mutation that promotes its activation. Subsequently, this mutation is used, in combination with El B 19k, in a proteomic strategy to isolate and identify candidate Bax interacting proteins at a critical step in the protein's activation. The results of this, and a similar screen with another Bcl-2 family protein, Bcl-XL, are reported. The data set contains known interacting proteins and proteins previously implicated in apoptosis control. In addition a range of metabolic and transport proteins not previously implicated in the control of Bcl-2 family proteins are identified and their relevance discussed.
GROWTH RATES OF YOUNG BUNI Barbus sharpeyi (GUNTHER,1874) AND COMMON CARP Cyprinus carpio L. UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Fishes of buni ,(Barbus sharpeyi (Gunther,1874)) with average weight (20.13 ± 1.77) gm and common carp ,(Cyprinus carpio) with average weight (20.63 ± 0.56) gm were reared in eight plastic aquariums of 15 L cabacity. Four treatments (two replicates) were carried out as following:(1) 10 common carp per aquarium, (2) 8 buni and 8 common carp in one aquaria, (3) 6 buni and 6 common carp in another aquarium and (4) 10 buni per aquarium. Artificial food (29.31 % protein) was fed to the fishes once daily 3 % of body weight.Water temperature was 26-28ºC, Oxygen concentration 6.2 mg/L and pH 8.1. Results showed no significant (P>0.05) differences between buni in 2 ,3 ,4 treatments, however fish in treatments 4 (0.059 gm) mean growth rate showed better growth than of fish in both 2 , 3 (0.053 , 0.056gm). The experiment showed highest growth parameters of common carp compared with buni . This may be due to its efficiency in utilization of food comparing to buni, which showed lower growth parameters. More experiments are needed, using different types of diets to achieve better growth of buni .
Les composés mineurs et les antioxygènes naturels de l'olive et de son huile

Cet article fait une mise au point sur le role des composes mineurs de l'huile d'olive vierge dans les processus d'autoxydation (oxydation radicalaire et photooxydation). Apres un rappel sur les cinetiques de degradation des acides gras mono- et polyinsatures par oxydation radicalaire et par photooxydation, l'action des pigments chlorophylliens, des carotenes et des tocopherols est discutee
Reevaluation of the Change of Leuconostoc Species and Lactobacillus plantarum by PCR During Kimchi Fermentation

The genus Leuconostoc is generally recognized as a favorable microorganism associated with a good taste of Kimchi and Lactobacillus plantarum is responsible for the overripening and acidification of Kimchi. A rapid and reliable PCR-based method to monitor the change of these lactic acid bacterial populations during Kimchi fermentation was attempted. A Leuconostoc-specific primer set was chosen from the conserved sequences of 16S rRNA genes among Leuconostoc species. The Lb. plantarum-specific primer set was the internal segments of a Lb. plantarum-specific probe which was isolated after randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and tested for identification. The specificity of this protocol was examined in DNA samples isolated from a single strain. In agarose gel, as little as 10 pg of template DNA could be used to visualize the PCR products, and quantitative determination was possible at the levels of 10 pg to 100 ng template DNA. For the semi-quantitative determination of microbial changes during Kimchi fermentation, total DNAs from the 2 h-cultured microflora of Kimchi were extracted for 16 days and equal amounts of DNA templates were used for PCR. The intensities of DNA bands obtained from PCR using Leuconostoc-specific and Lb. plantarum-specific primer sets marked a dramatic contrast at the 1 ng and 100 ng template DNA levels during Kimchi fermentation, respectively. As the fermentation proceeded, the intensity of the band for Leuconostoc species increased sharply until the 5th day and the levels was maintained until the 11 th day. The sharp increase for Lb. plantarum occurred after 11 days with the decrease of Leuconostoc species. The results of this study indicate that Leuconostoc species were the major microorganisms at the beginning of Kimchi fermentation and reach their highest population during the optimum ripening period of Kimchi.
Effects of Enzyme Replacement Therapy on the Respiratory and Motor Functions Among Patients with Late-Onset Pompe Disease for Long-Term

Background: Pompe is a congenital metabolic disorder and muscles involvement that is the most common presentation of it. The late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a type of Pompe according to the age of clinical presentation. In LOPD, the muscles of the trunk and proximal lower extremity have not normal function, and the repertory failure can be happening for these patients. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a new method for treatment of these patients, but the efficacy and safety of this method are challenging for long-term so that in this pilot study efficacy and safety were evaluated for two years. Methods: In this prospective study, the patients with LOPD included this study, and they received rhGAA every two weeks for two years. In this period the motor and respiratory function of them were evaluated, and the serology makers such as CPK and LDH were measured every six months. This study was registered as a trial with ID: IRCT2017111120981N2 and approved by the ethics committee of Tehran medical sciences branch, Islamic Azad University. Results: Two adults who were suffering LOPD for 17 and 12 years were investigated in this study. Both of them did not show any side event also the motor function of them had better, and one of them can be walked for more distance, on the other hand, the respiratory function was slightly improved and the CPK levels dramatically reduced. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the ERT was safe and effective for treatment or control the disease activity of patients with LOPD and help them, but this method is so expensive special for long- term. This is a small pilot study and needs more investigation for efficacy and safety of ERT or other available methods.
Investigation of antifreeze proteins as cryoprotectants for ling cod (Ophiodon elongatus) mince and natural actomyosin

Cryoprotectants used commercially to minimize changes in texture and protein properties during freezing and frozen storage of fish typically impart an undesirable sweet taste. Since fish antifreeze proteins (AFP) are known to modify and suppress ice crystal growth, the objective of this study was to evaluate AFP as alternative cryoprotectants for frozen ling cod mince and natural actomyosin (NAM). Mince from ling cod was subjected to freeze-thaw abuse in the absence (control) or presence of AFP (5, 10, 50 or 500 ppm), AFP (50 ppm) with 0.3% phosphates, polyols (4% sucrose + 4% sorbitol or 8% trehalose), or AFP (50 ppm) with polyols (2% sucrose + 2% sorbitol). Freeze-thawed mince with AFP showed higher textural hardness, less salt extractable protein, and higher expressible moisture. These samples also formed a layer of ice crystals, which was not observed in polyol blends or control. Differential scanning calorimetry showed more unbound water in mince with AFP, while Raman spectroscopy indicated increased prevalence of (3-sheet and random coil structures at the expense of a-helix. AFP failed to prevent loss of Ca-ATPase activity in N A M following freeze-thaw abuse. . AFP solutions were evaluated at ambient and subzero (-0.5, -1.8, -4.0°C) temperatures using Raman spectroscopy. AFGP had small peaks near 1620 and 1674 cm" attributed to polyproline type-II helix and extended/unordered (^-structures, respectively, and a strong band at 1070 cm" assigned to backbone C-C, C-N stretching and carbohydrate vibrations. Sharpening of the amide I band near 1645 cm" for AFPI at subzero temperatures showed strengthening of ahelix upon cooling. Strong hydrophobic interactions from aliphatic amino acids were seen at -0.5°C, and hydrogen-bonding and involvement of methyl groups were implicated at subzero
Effect of different levels of Nanomax (4% NPK) and Polyfeed (19:19:19 NPK) on Coreopsis tinctoria

An experiment entitled “Effect of different levels of Nanomax (4% NPK) and Polyfeed (19:19:19 NPK) on Coreopsis tinctoria” was conducted at Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design in pots, with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment comprises of 3 levels of Nanomax (4% NPK) viz. 3, 4 and 5 ml/L; 3 levels of Polyfeed (19:19:19 NPK) viz. 3, 4 and 5 g/L and one absolute control with no foliar spray of fertilizers. From the result of 2 year research work it was concluded that the treatment receiving 5 g/L of Polyfeed (19:19:19 NPK) showing significant result among the rest of the treatment used with respect to vegetative parameters, flowering parameters and flower quality parameters.
The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context

Antisocial behaviors in adolescents are present and prevalent around the world and have harmful consequences for individuals and societies. The research focused on antisocial behaviors in young people has been very fruitful, but studies are usually fragmented and focused on specific problem behaviors either in school or outside of school. Although victimoffender overlap was described in many studies, most projects focused either on victims or on offenders. This prospective longitudinal study was conducted to discover patterns of antisocial behavior from a comprehensive perspective, including different problem behaviors in and out of schools, focusing on both victimization and offending. A sample of 450 early adolescents was followed-up during one school year. Latent class and latent transition analyses were performed and identified four groups of students. These groups were: low antisocial, highly antisocial and victimized, high bullying victimization, and high offending outside of school. Transition analyses showed that the low antisocial and offenders outside of school groups were relatively stable over time. Students in the high bullying victimization group transitioned to different groups, and students in the highly antisocial and victimized group either remained in the highly antisocial group or transitioned to high offending outside of school. Findings suggest that single antisocial behaviors are not common and students who display one problem behavior usually display other problem behaviors. Early adolescents who are involved in antisocial behaviors in one time period frequently remain involved one year later. It is therefore possible that the antisocial potential of some adolescents is expressed in different contexts. This has important implications for research and practice that need to adopt a more holistic and comprehensive approach. Patrones longitudinales de las conductas antisociales en la adolescencia temprana: un análisis de clases y de transiciones latentes