Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUNGAI, SAWAH, DAN SENGKETA: TINJAUAN EKOFEMINISME KARYA SASTRA BERLATAR ASIA TENGGARA (River, Rice Field, and Conflict: An Ecofeminist Reading of Fictions Set in Southeast Asia)

Penelitian ini bertujuan menelisik persamaan dan perbedaan representasi sungai, sawah, dan sengketa dalam novel dan cerpen dari Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Kamboja, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Meskipun sungai dan sawah menjadi simbol kekuatan sebagai pemberi kehidupan, tetapi keduanya juga merupakan situ perlawanan sebagian besar masyarakat Asia Tenggara, terutama pada masa-masa sulit ketika perempuan sering menjadi korban. Masalah penelitian adalah bagaimana sungai dan sawah serta keterlibatan perempuan ditampilkan pada enam karya yang berlatar di negara-negara dalam kawasan tersebut. Metode analisis konten digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan perspektif teori ekofeminisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya relasi erat antara perempuan dan alam yang direpresentasikan dengan keterlibatan dan kepedulian tokoh perempuan dalam merawat sungai dan sawah. Sebaliknya, tokoh laki-laki digambarkan seolah-olah tidak hirau pada keberadaan alam. Hal ini sekaligus menjadi representasi resistensi terhadap budaya patriarkat yang melakukan dominasi atas perempuan dan alam. ( This study aims to explore the similarities and differences in the representation of rivers, rice fields, and disputes in novels and short stories from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Although rivers and rice fields are symbols of strength as life-giving forces, they are also the sites of resistance for most Southeast Asian people, especially in difficult times when women are often victims. The research problem is how rivers, rice fields, and the involvement of women are depicted in six literary works set in the region. Content analysis method is applied in this study using ecofeminist theory as the standpoint. The analysis result shows that a close relationship between women and nature which is represented by the involvement and care of women characters in caring for rivers and rice fields. Conversely, male figures are depicted as if they are not bothered by the existence of nature. This is considered as representation of resistance to patriarchal culture that has dominated women and nature. )
Maladaptive autophagy in diabetic heart disease

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct phenomenon associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction and loss of cardiovascular cells in the absence of common predisposing factors, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, the exact mechanisms mediating augmented cellular death in DCM remain to be elucidated. Autophagy is a physiological cellular degradation pathway that plays an important role in the cellular homeostasis, which could become maladaptive with stress. The role of this maladaptive autophagy in the evolution of DCM is unknown. This review describes the molecular mechanisms involved in DCM and autophagy. Based on the available evidence, the review discusses the possible key role of autophagy in DCM.
Community- and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a silent threat to Thai public health

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA was fi rst recognized 50 years ago as the “Superbug” in the United Kingdom as its antibiotic treatment often was limited to only vancomycin. Since then the spread of MRSA among patients in hospitals has been reported worldwide. The organism is known as hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) and currently considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of patient. During the past 15 years, signifi cant increase of MRSA infections outside the healthcare settings has posted global public health concern. These infections are caused by MRSA strains that are genetically distinct from HA-MRSA strains so called community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA). Comparatively, CA-MRSA strains are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, rapidly spreading and often capable of causing more severe diseases such as necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis. Recent survey and molecular characterization of MRSA from Thai veterinarians revealed a LA-MRSA strain that carry a novel SCCmec type IX, which is to date only found in Thailand. It was classifi ed as sequence type ST398 and spa type t034. In addition, the second most prevalent clonal complex (CC) among LA-MRSA strains, CC9, was isolated from pigs and pork samples in Thailand. All isolates belong to spa type t337 and also harbor SCCmec type IX. These reports highlight the possible transmission of a unique MRSA clone from livestock to human in the community, and eventually in the hospital, otherwise in the other way round. The purpose of this review was to describe the signifi cance, molecular evolution and typing methods of MRSA and review molecular pathogenesis and epidemiology of CA-MRSA and the recent emergence of LA-MRSA in Thailand, so as to incite vital surveillance and intervention, which are necessary for control and prevention of spread of these neglected pathogens. Bull Chiang Mai Assoc Med Sci 2013; 46(3): 187-206
Color Change and Resistance to Subterranean Termite Attack of Mangium (Acacia mangium) and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) Smoked Wood

Indonesian log production is dominated by young trees harvested from plantation forests. The timber contains of sapwood and juvenile wood, which are not resistant to termite attack. Smoking treatment can enhance wood resistance to termite attack, but it also changes the color. Specimens of mangium (Acacia mangium) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood were exposed for 1, 2, and 3 weeks to smoke produced from the pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. The color change of the wood was measured using the CIELab method. In addition, wood specimens were exposed to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) under laboratory conditions. Untreated and imidacloprid-preserved wood samples were also prepared for comparison purposes. The results showed that the color of smoked wood differed from that of untreated wood, and the color change for sengon was greater than for mangium. In addition, the 1-week smoking period changed the wood color less than the 2- and 3-week periods, which did not differ. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had distinctive color changes compared to untreated wood. Untreated mangium wood had moderate resistance to subterranean termite attack (resistance class III), while sengon had very poor resistance (resistance class V). Salam wood smoke enhanced wood resistance to termite attack, and smoke treatment of 1 week for mangium and 2 weeks for sengon resulted in the wood becoming very resistant (resistance class I). Both types of smoked wood were more resistant to subterranean termite attack than imidacloprid-preserved wood (average class II resistance).
Pengaruh Multimedia Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Sekolah Dasar

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penggunaan multimedia berpengaruh terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen yang melibatkan dua kelompok kelas. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak dua kali pertemuan dalam proses pembelajaran, satu kali pre-test, dan satu kali post-test pada masing-masing kelas yang dilengkapi dengan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket motivasi belajar dan angket multimedia serta soal tes pembelajaran tematik untuk hasil belajar. Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 siswa kelas V yang dibagi menjadi dua kelas, yaitu 30 siswa di kelas eksperimen dan 30 siswa di kelas kontrol. Multimedia digunakan dalam pembelajan tematik di kelas ekperimen. Hasil penelitian pada penggunaan multimedia dalam pembelajaran tematik menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata post-test antara dua kelas memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Nilai post-test kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol. Hal tersebut dilihat berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t dua sampel berpasangan diperoleh nilai sig. 0,000 yang lebih kecil dari 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Maka disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan multimedia memberikan pengaruh terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran tematik.Kata kunci: Motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa, Multimedia, post-test.
School Principals in Spain: Interplay of Leaders, Teachers and Context

This paper analyzes the Spanish school principal figures and their future patterns of leadership and development, according to educational policies in Europe. The first part presents a comprehensive overview of the situation of school principals in Spain, according to the Spanish policy; in the second part, its real practice in a secondary school is evidenced based on the results of a conducted research. The tensions and dilemmas currently faced by school principals in Spain will be analyzed: pedagogical leadership versus management-oriented principals. The interviews carried out reveal the meaning that the different agents give to “leadership”. A climate of trust and collaboration has been established between the management team, middle leaders and teaching staff, necessary conditions for the development of a shared school project and ensure its sustainability for achieve school improvement.
A comparative study of the effect of solvents on the optical, structural and morphological properties of ZnO-GO nanocomposites synthesized by sol-gel method

Zinc Oxide-Graphene Oxide (ZnO–GO) nanocomposites were prepared using solvents polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and N-Methyl-2 Pyrrolidone (NMP) by sol-gel technique and their optical, structural and morphological properties were investigated. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies show the presence of planes of GO and ZnO conﬁrming the formation of composites. The particle sizes were calculated using Scherrer’s formula and were found to be in the nanometer range. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show the formation of layered structures dispersed non-uniformly over clusters of particles. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectra conﬁrm the presence of carbon, zinc and oxygen in the composites. The optical absorbance of ZnO–GO synthesized using PVP was higher than ZnO–GO with NMP with the absorption edge shifting to shorter wavelength in the presence of NMP. The band gap values were found to be in the range of 2.7–3.0 eV. The band gap of ZnO–GO synthesized using NMP was higher than ZnO–GO synthesized using PVP.
Toxoplasmosis and Risk of Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Mediators

Background: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) leads to activation of T-helper cells (Th-1 and Th-2) which are involved in the synthesis and release of different cytokines which may lead to endothelial dysfunction. Objectives: To evaluate the endothelial function in patients with acute toxoplasmosis. Methods: This case-control study involved 31 patients with toxoplasmosis aged 19 - 47 years matched with 20 healthy subjects. Anti-T. gondii antibody (IgG, IgM, IgA) was determined by direct antigen-antibody reaction. Interleukin-6(IL-6), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and human malondialdehyde (MDA) serum levels were measured. Results: IgM, IgG and IgA levels were high in the infected patients compared with controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, IL-6 serum level was high in the infected patients compared with controls (P < 0.01). In addition, ET-1 level was high in acute toxoplasmosis (7.29 ± 4.59 pg/mL) compared with controls (3.11 ± 1.69 pg/mL) (P < 0.01). In addition, MDA serum level was high (9.34 ± 4.17 nmol/mL) compared with controls (2.87 ± 1.13 nmol/mL), (P < 0.01). In acute toxoplasmosis IgM serum level was significantly correlated with IgG (r = 0.55, P = 0.001), IgA (r = 0.57, P = 0.0008), IL-6 (r = 0.45, P = 0.01), ET-1 (r = 0.51, P = 0.003) and MDA (r = 0.85, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Acute toxoplasmosis is associated with significant oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory changes which contribute to development of endothelial dysfunction.
Does Geopolitical Risk Affect Acquisitions?

Geopolitical risk (GPR) is negatively associated with both domestic and inbound cross-border acquisition activity. In support of the predictions of a real options channel, the negative effect of GPR is more pronounced when acquirers have foreign business segments or are financially constrained, and when targets have more irreversible assets or operate in industries with lower competition. Additionally, during high GPR periods, acquirers become more cautious experiencing higher stock returns. Finally, in announced deals, consistent with the interim risk mechanism, GPR is associated with shorter time to deal completion, higher takeover premiums, and lower likelihood of target termination fees, indicating an increase in targets’ negotiation power.
Distinguishing the Neural Correlates of Perceptual Awareness and Postperceptual Processing

To identify the neural correlates of perceptual awareness, researchers often compare the differences in neural activation between conditions in which an observer is or is not aware of a stimulus. While intuitive, this approach often contains a critical limitation: to link brain activity with perceptual awareness, observers traditionally report the contents of their perceptual experience. However, relying on observers' reports is problematic because it is difficult to know whether the neural responses being measured are associated with conscious perception or with postperceptual processes involved in the reporting task (e.g., working memory, decision-making). To address this issue, we combined a standard visual masking paradigm with a recently developed “no-report” paradigm in male/female human participants. In the visual masking paradigm, observers saw images of animals and objects that were visible or invisible, depending on their proximity to masks. Meanwhile, on half of the trials, observers reported the contents of their perceptual experience (i.e., report condition), while on the other half of trials they refrained from reporting about their experiences (i.e., no-report condition). We used electroencephalography to examine how visibility interacts with reporting by measuring the P3b event-related potential, one of the proposed canonical “signatures” of conscious processing. Overall, we found a robust P3b in the report condition, but no P3b whatsoever in the no-report condition. This finding suggests that the P3b itself is not a neural signature of conscious processing and highlights the importance of carefully distinguishing the neural correlates of perceptual awareness from postperceptual processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT What are the neural signatures that differentiate conscious and unconscious processing in the brain? Perhaps the most well established candidate signature is the P3b event-related potential, a late slow wave that appears when observers are aware of a stimulus, but disappears when a stimulus fails to reach awareness. Here, however, we found that the P3b does not track what observers are perceiving, but instead tracks what observers are reporting. When observers are aware of simple visual stimuli, the P3b is nowhere to be found unless observers are reporting the contents of their experience. These results challenge the well established notion of the P3b as a neural marker of awareness and highlight the need for new approaches to the neuroscience of consciousness.
Seizure Semiology and Imaging Correlation

Seizure is defined as paroxysmal event due to abnormal excessive hyper synchronus discharges from an aggregate of CNS neurons. Although variety of factors influence the incidence and prevalence of seizure, approximately 5-10% of population will have at least one seizure during their lifetime. This study is done to evaluate etiology of seizures, identification and localization of intracranial pathologies and correlation with CT scan. In our study58% had generalized seizures and 42% had partial seizures. Overall CT scan was abnormal in 48% of patients, 37.5% of generalized seizure group and 62.5% of partial seizure group patients. Majority of cases of generalized seizures were idiopathic. • Tuberculoma was the most common cause of partial seizure. With a reliable history and clinical examination, if proper analysis of etiology is made with available investigations, the epilepsy can be treated accordingly, thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with it.
A Cross Sectional Study on Prevalence of Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Rural Field Practice Area of S Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka

Background: Diabetes and depression are highly prevalent chronic conditions that have significant impact on health outcomes. Patients with depression and diabetes have been shown to have poorer self-management and adherence to anti-diabetic, treatment when compared with diabetic patient’s alone. Objectives: To find out, the prevalence and determinants of depression in patients with established type II Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) Materials and Methods: This Cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken in rural field practice area (Shirur) of department of community Medicine, S N Medical College, Bagalkot. A total of 150 Patients with established T2DM were evaluated for depression by administering the 21 item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Scale. Results: A total of 150 diabetes patients were assessed for depression, out of which 51% were male and 49% were females. 40.6% of the participants belonged to age group of 61-70 years . 31.3% of the subjects had diabetes for last 6-10 years. According to becks depression scale ,44%of the subjects were not depressed, 29% of them suffered from mild depression, 16% had moderate and 11% had severe depression. 31.2% of 41-50 years’ age group were severely depressed. Majority of the severely depressed subjects belonged to class 3 Socioeconomic class according to modified B G Prasad classification which was statistically significant. 56.2% of patients on insulin and OHA s were severely depressed, 56.2% of severely depressed patients had diabetes for 10-15 years, 75% of overweight or obese patients were severely depressed. 48% of the depressed patients had some form of co morbidities, patients with co morbities were likely to be more depressed than those without co morbidities with odds ratio of 3.18. 38.6% of the depressed patients had suicidal thoughts. Subjects with depression were more likely to think about suicide, with odds ratio of 3.90. Keywords: Depression, Diabetes, Rural, Becks Depression Inventory
Effect of cold stress on physicochemical characteristics and biological activity of equine chorionic gonadotropin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if freezing-thawing and cooling processes affect the structural properties and biological activity of commercial equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). First, the structure profile of diluted eCG underwent none, one or three cycles of freezing-thawing was analysed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In a second experiment, groups of prepuberal rats were treated with sterile water for injection USP or eCG that underwent none, one or three cycles of freezing-thawing to assess the increase of ovarian weigh. Finally, groups of prepubertal gilts were treated with diluted eCG immediately after reconstitution (T1), after refrigeration for six months (T2) and after freezing and subsequently thawing for one (T3) or three (T4) cycles. The control group (T5) received sterile water for injection USP without eCG. Ovulation was induced with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), administered 72 h after the eCG. Gilts were slaughtered five days after the hCG injection and ovaries were recovered and analysed for the presence of corpora lutea. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Fisher’s exact tests. In the analyses by RP-HPLC, the retention times of cold stressed eCG were similar to unstressed control. The mean ovarian weight of rats treated with cold stressed and unstressed eCG was statistically higher than water control (P < 0.05). Lastly, significantly more gilts ovulated in groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 than in the control T5 (P < 0.05). It was concluded that freezingthawing, as well as cooling over a period of up to six months, did not significantly change the structural properties or biological activity of eCG.
Larval thermal characteristics of multiple ixodid ticks underlie their range dynamics

Temperature is a major factor that impacts tick populations by limiting geographic range of different species. Little is known about the thermal characteristics of these pests outside of a few studies on survival related to thermal tolerance. In this study, thermal tolerance limits, thermal preference, impact of temperature on metabolic rate, and temperature-activity dynamics were examined in larvae for six species of ixodid ticks. Tolerance of low temperatures ranged from −15 to −24°C with Dermacentor andersoni surviving at the lowest temperatures. High temperature survival ranged from 41 to 47 °C, with Rhipicephalus sanguineus having the highest upper lethal limit. Ixodes scapularis showed the lowest survival at both low and high temperatures. Thermal preference temperatures were tested from 0-41°C. D. variabilis exhibited a significant distribution of individuals in the lower temperatures, while the majority of other species gathered around 20-30°C. Activity was measured from 10-60°C, and the highest activity was observed in most species was near 30°C. Metabolic rate was the highest for most species around 40°C. Both activity and metabolic rate dropped dramatically at temperatures below 10°C and above 50°C. In summary, tick species vary greatly in their thermal characteristics, and our results will be critical to predict distribution of these ectoparasites with changing climates.
Citizenship and socio-political integration: A person-oriented analysis among Russian-speaking minorities in Estonia, Finland and Norway

This survey study utilized a person-oriented approach to explore the patterns of socio-political integration among Russian-speaking minority group members in three neighboring countries in the Baltic area: Estonia (n = 482), Finland (n = 252), and Norway (n = 215). Three profiles were obtained in all countries: critical integration, separation, and assimilation. In the whole sample, critical integration was the most common acculturation profile. After the profiles were established, they were examined vis-a-vis citizenship and integration context to see, whether and to what extent, the objective (i.e., citizenship) and subjective (i.e., perceived social status and sense of belonging) socio-political integration of Russian-speakers corresponded with each other. Critical integration and separation were the most common profiles among participants holding national citizenship of the country of residence, while foreign citizenship was not related to any specific profile. Separation was rare among participants holding dual citizenship, but it was the most common profile among participants with undetermined citizenship. Also, intergroup context was associated with socio-political integration: critical integration and separation were the most common profiles of Russian-speakers in Estonia, critical integration and assimilation profiles in Finland, and assimilation profile in Norway. The results are discussed in relation to previous variable-oriented research and official integration policies of the countries studied.