Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution-processed Nb-substituted BaBiO3 Double Perovskite Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water reduction is a long-term strategical technology for hydrogen production. In this work, we synthesize a series of compact and nano/mesoporous Nb-substituted BaBiO3 [i.e., Ba2Bi(Bi1–xNbx)O6, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.93, BBNO] thin films using cost-effective chemical solution methods. The synthesized BBNO alloy based thin films demonstrate tunable bandgaps from 1.41 eV (x = 0) to 1.89 eV (x = 0.93) to efficiently absorb the solar spectrum and p-type conductivities suitable for hydrogen production. The photoelectrodes with a configuration fluorine-doped SnO2/BBNO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.93)/Pt produce cathodic photocurrents of 0.05–1 mA·cm–2 at 0 VRHE (volt versus reversible hydrogen electrode) measured in a neutral (pH = 7.2) phosphate buffer and under simulated AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW·cm–2). The BaBiO3 without Nb alloying based electrode delivers the best photocurrent of 1 mA·cm–2 at 0 VRHE but is subjected to severe corrosions during the PEC related tests. Alloying Nb has an obvious influence on .
Magnetic organic xerogels: efficient adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions

The synthesis of novel mobile composite adsorbents dedicated to the efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions is presented. The acidic condensation of resorcinol and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde in the presence of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles results in a monolithic solid composite which has superior adsorption properties. The magnetic properties of the composite can be tuned by changing the content of the magnetic filler. The adsorption performance of the composite has been evaluated in the removal of Fe(III) Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The composites obtained have also been subjected to post-synthesis sulfonation to further improve their adsorption properties. The composite adsorbents obtained have better adsorption performance than the commercially available cation exchange resin.
The Effects of Coordinated Molecules of Two Gly-Schiff Base Copper Complexes on Their Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance

In this study, two simple Schiff base copper complexes [Cu(H2O)2(HL)]·2H2O (Complex 1) (H3L = 2-OH-4-(OH)-C6H2CH=NCH2CO2H) and [Cu(py)2(HL)] (Complex 2) (Py = pyridine) were initially achieved and authenticated by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses (SXRD), powder X-ray diffraction analyses (PXRD), FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The SXRD reveals that the Cu2+ center in Complex 1 exhibited a distorted square pyramidal geometry, which is constructed based on phenolate oxygen, water molecules, carboxylate oxygen, and imine nitrogen from a deprotonated H3L ligand in an NO4 fashion. The Cu2+ atom in Complex 2 had distorted square pyramidal geometry, and was coordinated with two pyridine molecules and one Gly-Schiff base ligand, exhibiting an N3O2 binding set. Additionally, the free water molecules in Complex 1 linked independent copper complexes by intermolecular hydrogen bond to form a 2D framework. However, the one-dimensional chain supramolecular structure of Complex 2 was formed by the intermolecular O–H…O hydrogen bonds. The oxygen reduction performance of the two complexes was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the rotating disk electrode (RDE) method. Both complexes could catalyze the conversion of oxygen to water through a predominant four-electron pathway, and the Cu–NxOy moieties might be the functional moieties for the catalytic activity. The catalytic pathways and underlying mechanisms are also discussed in detail, from which the structure–activity relationship of the complexes was obtained.
Hydrogen/Deuterium‐Exchange Reactions of Methane with Aromatics and Cyclohexane Catalyzed by a Nanoscopic Aluminum Chlorofluoride

H/D‐exchange reactions between methane and deuterated solvents such as [D6]benzene and [D12]cyclohexane were heterogeneously catalyzed by nanoscopic aluminum chlorofluoride (ACF=AlClxF3−x, x≈0.05–0.3) under very mild conditions. 13C NMR spectroscopy experiments at labeled methane revealed the formation of all isotopologues. AlCl3, AlBr3, HS‐AlF3, γ‐Al2O3, and γ‐Al2O3 preheated at 700 °C did not show any H/D‐exchange reaction of methane or [D6]benzene. Mechanistically, electrophilic activation of methane was suggested at the ACF surface.
Inferred Ionic Charge States for Solar Energetic Particle Events from 2012-2015 with ACE and STEREO

Mean ionic charge states for SEP events can reflect source temperatures, stripping during acceleration and transport, and the composition of source material. Multi-spacecraft measurements of mean ionic charge states for single SEP events can also demonstrate longitudinal dependence depending on seed particle composition or acceleration conditions. in previous studies, we calculated inferred high-energy ionic charge states for SEP events. The analysis method fits the energy dependence of decay times for each element in SEP events, combined with charge-to-mass ratios relative to a calibration element, and derives mean charge state estimates for elements from O to Fe. Previously, we applied the method using ACE and STEREO data to SEP events through the beginning of 2012, in order to elucidate evidence on seed populations or longitudinal variations with charge state for single SEP events, with varying results. In this paper, we continue applying the method to new SEP events from 2012 to 2015 in the ACE and STEREO data. With the three spacecraft widely spread apart during this time period, there are fewer single SEP events with multi-spacecraft data, but the wide spacing allows more SEP candidate events to be considered, separately, than would be available with just a single spacecraft. Our new results for two SEP events continue to be consistent with observed correlation between Q(Fe) and Fe/O in previous events.
Effect of foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid on the growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties

Elicitors such as chitosan and salicylic acid could be used not only to increase isoflavone concentration of soybean seeds, but also to increase the growth and seed yield. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of foliar application of elicitor compounds (i.e. chitosan, and salicylic acid)on the growth of two soybean varieties under dry land conditions. Experimental design was a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was soybean varieties (Wilis and Devon). The second factor was foliar application of elicitors consisted of without elicitor; chitosan at V4 (four trifoliate leaves are fully developed); chitosan at R3 (early podding); chitosan at V4 and R3; salicylic acid at V4; salicylic acid at R3 and salicylic acid at V4 and R3. Parameters observed was plant height at 2-7 week after planting (WAP), shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The results suggest that the Wilis variety had higher plant height 7 WAP than Devon. The foliar application of chitosan increased the plant height at 7 WAP, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The foliar application of chitosan at V4 and R3 on Devon variety increased shoot dry weight.
Thematic micro‐maps of soil components using high‐resolution spatially referenced mosaics from whole soil thin sections and image analysis

In the quantification and analysis of the distribution of soil basic components, factors such as spatial resolution, scales of observation and analytical techniques used to interpret digital images of microscopic platforms are critical to obtain reproducible results. In addition, individual or discrete images, sometimes with high spatial resolution, distort features or basic components when zooming in or out, which limits their classification. This research proposes the use of micromorphological tools, spatially referenced mosaics with high resolution, image analysis and composite images to elaborate thematic maps of soil components. Therefore, we created mosaics with sequential digital images from soil thin sections (up to 3850 mm2) of different diagnostic horizons, with different magnifications (2×, 10× and 20×) and light sources. The mosaics (between 0.25 and 2.6 μm2 per pixel, and between 2 and 8 GB file size) were processed by image analysis (segmentation, supervised classification and accuracy assessments) for delimiting their basic soil components from composite images and with spatial operators to elaborate thematic maps at the microscopic level. The RGB (red, green, blue) brightness values of each soil component with different light sources enabled us to identify and quantify size classes of aggregates, voids, pedofeatures and organic matter with different degrees of decomposition at a high level of precision (up to 99% overall accuracy). It was also possible to develop good‐quality thematic maps of such components from high‐resolution spatially referenced mosaics and composite images Thematic maps of soil components can be explored without losing their spatial reference and analysed on multiple scales from a whole soil thin section.
Effects of mineral fertilization on fruit quality in drip-irrigated Marselan grape (Vitis vinifera)

Top quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries is essential for producing delicious and customer-favorite wine. Thus, the optimal application of mineral fertilizers is important and necessary. Here, a standard drip-irrigation protocol with five different mineral fertilizer (F) treatments- C0 kg/ha (control), F1 245 kg/ha, F2 490 kg/ha, F3 735 kg/ha and F4 980 kg/ha were laid out in a split-plot design to evaluate their effects on grapevine factors which included shoot growth, berry weight and size, and berry sugar, acid, phenolics and volatiles. The experiment was conducted at the Wuwei Academic Forest Science Center during 2017. The results showed that all fertilizer applications significantly promoted shoot growth. Fruit weight and size increased under F2 and F3 treatments. In addition, soluble solids and reducing sugars grew up under F3 treatment. However, sugar-acid ratios did not differ significantly among all F treatments but phenolic and tannin levels were increased under F3 treatment, as were anthocyanin levels under F1, F2 and F3 treatments. A total of 83 different aroma components were identified in all the F treatments. These were clustered into seven groups. The total amount of aroma components tended to increase, then to decrease with increasing rates of fertilization (from C to F4). The results indicate that mineral fertilizer application has complex effects on the berry quality factors that were evaluated.
Equilibrium pressure of clathrate hydrates composed of isotopologue methane

Methane is composed of carbon and hydrogen. Because these components have isotopes, 12 CH 4 (98.9%), 13 CH 4 (1.1%), and CH 3 D (0.013%) exist in nature. Since their molecular weight differs with each other, physicochemical properties of them are also different with each other. Pure methane hydrate is "mixed-gas hydrate" of their isotopologues. Equilibrium pressure of pure methane hydrate was first reported more than a half century ago; however, those of 13 CH 4 and CH 3 D hydrate have not been studied yet. Fractionation of hydrogen isotope during the formation of methane hydrate has been reported by Hachikubo et al. (2007) that δD of hydrate-bound methane becomes several ‰smaller than that of residual methane in the formation process. This result suggests that the equilibrium pressure of CH 3 D hydrate is larger than that of CH 4 hydrate. In this study, we measured the equilibrium pressures of CH 3 D hydrate and confirmed the difference between them. in small pressure (volume: Fine ice powder (1g) was put in a pressure cell, and introduced CH 3 D (purity: 98%, Taiyo-Nissan). Clathrate hydrate was formed by melting the ice powder at the temperature of 273.2K under high pressure of methane. We also prepared normal methane (purity: 99.99% for methane, but 98.9% for 12 CH 4 , Takachiho Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.) hydrate
Integrating Listening and Speaking Skills to Promote SpeechProduction and Language Development

The practice of integrating listening and speaking in the classroom emanates from a belief that the attainment of proficiency in oral production is associated with listening since learners are plunged into the rich exposure of language input by means of listening tasks. Engaging in meaningful communication puts great demands on grammatical accuracy and vocabulary range. In this regard, listening provides an avenue for coming to good terms with knowledge of language structures, lexical units, phonological awareness and metacognition development. In addition, listening demonstrates overall positive effect on the development of oral production for it allows learners to experience good language models to communicate effectively. The study was designed to explore the influence of listening with a focus on top-down and bottom-up processes on the development of oral production. The present study adopted a quantitative approach and the participants were 45 English as a foreign language (EFL) first-year students. It was found that listening and speaking integrated language activities helped learners arrive at understanding of messages; thus, created the basis for production practice.
University of Birmingham Emulsification using a “Sonolator” liquid whistle: A new correlation for droplet size from pilot-scale experiments

(cid:1) Emulsion drop sizes measured on a pilot – scale liquid whistle device. (cid:1) Three orders of magnitude of dispersed phase viscosity considered. (cid:1) Drop size scales with pressure drop, drop viscosity and surfactant concentration. (cid:1) Expected regime change from turbulent inertial to turbulent viscous not observed.
Responses of cucumber (Cucumissativus L.) to ozonated water under varying drought stress intensities

ABSTRACT This study explores the effect of drought stress and ozone on cucumber. A factorial experiment with complete randomized design was carried out in a greenhouse. Experimental treatments were drought stress, including three levels 100% (control), 80%, and 60% of the field capacity (FC) and three ozone concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1 ppm. The drought stress (80% and 60% of the FC) significantly reduced fruit length, weight, and yield, leaf area, and number of fruits. Across the levels of drought stress, the statistical analysis showed significant increments in the fruit weight with the increasing in the ozone concentrations. An enhancement in the total suspended solids values was obtained with the increase in the drought stress level. The height, dry, and fresh weights of plant decreased with the increase in the drought stress level. The highest leaf area, dry, and fresh weights were observed in the 0.5 ppm ozone and 100% FC.
Rheological reversibility and long-term stability of repulsive and attractive nanoemulsion gels

In this research, the stability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-stabilized canola oil nanoemulsion gels was investigated as a function of repeated rotational shear, oscillatory strain and storage time. Nanoemulsion gels, termed nanogels, were formed from oil-in-water nanoemulsions, prepared with various concentrations of SDS to get a range of droplet sizes, interdroplet interactions, and gel strengths. Repulsive nanogels were formed with 0.5, 1 and 2 times the critical micelle concentration (CMC), while attractive nanogels were prepared with 5, 10 and 15 times the CMC of SDS. No change in droplet size of the nanoemulsions was observed over a period of 90 days and an accelerated gravitation study indicated extremely high stability against creaming. All nanogels showed a remarkable recovery in viscosity and gel strength during repeated shear and strain sweep experiments, respectively. Interestingly, the elastic storage moduli (G′) for the repulsive nanogels significantly decreased, converting the nanogels into flowable weak gels. For attractive nanogels, the decrease in G′ was less. It was proposed that generation of surface active components due to lipid oxidation may alter the interfacial composition and ultimately reduce the thickness of the charge cloud leading to a reduction in G′ in the repulsive nanogels. For attractive nanogels, the uptake of lipid oxidation products in the excess micelles and their inter-droplet transfer led to a decrease in the attractive depletion interactions and charge cloud, with subsequent loss of the gel structure. The nanogels possess great potential for use in food and related soft materials provided the loss of gel strength with time could be prevented.
A cathode ray tube

一种阴极射线管包括一个外表面基本上是平面而内表面具有某一曲率的面板，和一个荫罩板，荫罩板被安排成与面板的内表面具有一定间隔并且具有多个让电子束通过的孔，其中，荫罩板满足条件0. 9≤ZmD/(ZmX+ZmY)≤1.1，在那里，在荫罩板的对角线轴上的任意点被假定是Dr，从点Dr与长轴和短轴垂直交汇的在长轴和短轴上的点分别假定是Xr和Yr，而在各自的点Xr、Yr和Dr与荫罩板之间的在阴极射线管轴向上的间隔假定分别是ZmX、ZmY和ZmD。 在该阴极射线管中，荫罩板的结构强度被提高，因此，增加了荫罩板的抗撞击的能力。
Electro-Neutral Models for dynamic Poisson-Nernst-Planck System: 2D Case.

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system is a standard model for describing ion transport. In many applications, e.g., ions in biological tissues, the presence of thin boundary layers poses both modelling and computational challenges. In a previous paper, we derived simplified electro-neutral (EN) models in one dimensional space where the thin boundary layers are replaced by effective boundary conditions. In this paper, we extend our analysis to the two dimensional case where the EN model enjoys even greater advantages. First of all, it is much cheaper to solve the EN models numerically. Secondly, EN models are easier to deal with compared with the original PNP system, therefore it is also easier to derive macroscopic models for cellular structures using EN models. The multi-ion case with general boundary is considered, for a variety of boundary conditions including either Dirichlet or flux boundary conditions. Using systematic asymptotic analysis, we derive a variety of effective boundary conditions directly applicable to the EN system for the bulk region. To validate the EN models, numerical computations are carried out for both the EN and original PNP system, including the propagation of action potential for both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Our results show that solving the EN models is much more efficient than the original PNP system.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigates heavy metal toxicity adverse effects in sewage water contaminated soil on Tagetes erecta L

ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus constrictum on the biomass production, flower quality, chlorophyll content, macronutrients and heavy metals content of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) planted under uncontaminated soil and watered with various rates of sewage water. Sewage water utilization significantly decreased biomass production, characters of flower, nutrient concentration and rates of mycorrhizal colonization of mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) marigold as compared to control untreated plants especially at the higher rates, but the reduction rate was proportionally higher in non-AM treatments. Mycorrhizal plants had significantly greater yield, relative chlorophyll content, leaf area, flower quality and element (P, N, K and Mg) content compared to non-inoculated marigold plants irrigated with or without sewage water. Furthermore, AM inoculation had highly decreased heavy metal (Zn, Co, Mn, Cu) content in tissues as compared to equivalent non-inoculated plants grown under sewage water application. Growing marigold with AM inoculum can reduce toxicity of heavy metals and enhance biomass production and P uptake. The results support the view that AM have a protective function for the host plant, hence playing a potential function in soil polluted immobilization processes, and thus are of assessing the potential of phytoremediation of heavy metals in sewage water contaminated soil.
USING OF OLIVE PROCESSING WASTES FOR WEED CONTROL

The herbicidal effect of Solid Olive processing waste (SOPW) on some weed species in sunflower and wheat was investigated under greenhouse conditions at Desert Research Center – Cairo, Egypt, between 2010 and 2011. Solid Olive processing waste (SOPW) placed in pots (25 cm×18 cm×10 cm) in doses of 0, 3, 4.5 and 6 kg/ m 2 , these doses were mixed into soil (0-10 cm depth). In this experiment, 25 seeds each of Mallow ( Malava sylvestris ), Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea ), Phalaris ( Phalaris minor ) and Barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ) besides to ten seeds of sunflower or wheat were sown in pots. Seedlings of both weeds and crop plants were counted in order to assess the effects of Solid Olive processing waste (SOPW) on weed species and crops plant growth. The results showed that SOPW reduction in total weed species with sunflower by 76.10, 78.70, 64.50 and 65.80 % & 96.10, 95.30, 83.50 and 85.20 % at doses of 4.5 and 6 kg/ m 2 , with all weeds above, respectively. Also with wheat crop, the percentage weeds control were 84.3, 79.5, 74.2 and 71.8 % & 96.6, 94.6, 84.7 and 82.5 % with same doses and weed species, respectively. Solid Olive processing waste showed no toxic effects on sunﬂower, while wheat was affected in the initial stage but no adverse effect was detected at another growth stages. The herbicidal effect of Olive processing waste may be considered as an safe alternative instead of chemical control which pollute the environment in some important summer crops (sunﬂower) and for weeds control in winter wheat. Phalaris minor - Echinochloa crus-galli - sunflower – wheat.
Nonlinear Adjustment of ASEAN−5 Real Exchange Rates: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical?

This study examines whether the nonlinear adjustment dynamic of exchange rate to the equilibrium level as documented in Liew et al. (2003, 2004) is symmetrical or asymmetrical. Following the sequential tests as proposed in Terasvirta and Anderson (1993), this study is able to identify that the US dollar based real exchange rates of Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand exhibit LSTAR−type nonlinearity, implying that the real exchange rates of these countries have asymmetrical responds towards appreciation and depreciation. This finding provides useful guidelines in the monitoring and stabilising of ASEAN exchange rates, in order to boost the economy of this region, which has experienced different extends of negative shocks in the past few years.