Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Umbrella Review of the Links Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Misuse: What, Why, and Where Do We Go from Here?

Background and Objectives A wealth of research has identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; abuse, neglect, violence or disorder in the home) as a strong risk factor for substance misuse. Synthesis of the existing evidence is critical to shape policy and inform directions for future research. Existing reviews have focused on specific substances or substance use outcomes (eg, disorder), and do not include discussion of the mechanisms that operate between ACEs and substance misuse. The current umbrella review aims to synthesize reviews on the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse, review the evidence on the mechanisms linking these, identify existing gaps in our knowledge, and discuss critical directions for future research, practice, and public policy. Methods Two electronic databases (PsycINFO and Medline) were searched for reviews published between 1998 and 2022 on the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Twenty articles met eligibility criteria and were qualitatively synthesized. Results Results overwhelmingly demonstrated an elevated risk of substance misuse or disorder, among adolescents and adults exposed to ACEs. Research on the mechanisms that explain this link highlights a multitude of potential intervention targets, with childhood stress propelling a cascade of effects across neurobiological, endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems, impacting psychosocial and cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, the literature is subject to limitations surrounding potential unmeasured cofounders and causality, as well as decontextualizing childhood adversity from broader structural issues that influence the link between ACEs and substance misuse. Research, policy, and practice that seek to holistically understand and address the relationship between ACEs and substance misuse within the broader social determinants of health is crucial.
Teachers' Growth Mindset and Work Engagement in the Chinese Educational Context: Well-Being and Perseverance of Effort as Mediators

The current study investigated the relationships among growth mindset, work engagement, perseverance of effort and well-being for secondary school teachers in the Chinese educational context. We adopted Growth Mindset Inventory, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Grit Scale (Perseverance subscale), and PERMA profiles that measure five dimensions of well-being. Participants included 472 secondary school teachers from 10 secondary schools in central China. Correlation analysis showed that growth mindset, well-being, and perseverance of effort could all predict work engagement. Moreover, the structural equation model and mediation analysis further suggested that well-being and perseverance of effort could partially mediate the relationship between growth mindset and work engagement. This study permitted to advance our knowledge about the relationship between growth mindset and work engagement, which should be considered for future teaching practices and teacher development.
On the Lee classes of locally conformally symplectic complex surfaces

We prove that the deRham cohomology classes of Lee forms of locally conformally symplectic structures taming the complex structure of a compact complex surface $S$ with first Betti number equal to $1$ is either a non-empty open subset of $H^1_{dR}(S, \mathbb R)$, or a single point. In the latter case, we show that $S$ must be biholomorphic to a blow-up of an Inoue-Bombieri surface. Similarly, the deRham cohomology classes of Lee forms of locally conformally K\"ahler structures of a compact complex surface $S$ with first Betti number equal to $1$ is either a non-empty open subset of $H^1_{dR}(S, \mathbb R)$, a single point or the empty set. We give a characterization of Enoki surfaces in terms of the existence of a special foliation, and obtain a vanishing result for the Lichnerowicz-Novikov cohomology groups on the class ${\rm VII}$ compact complex surfaces with infinite cyclic fundamental group.
The Verigin problem with and without phase transition

Isothermal compressible two-phase flows with and without phase transition are modeled, employing Darcy's and/or Forchheimer's law for the velocity field. It is shown that the resulting systems are thermodynamically consistent in the sense that the available energy is a strict Lyapunov functional. In both cases, the equilibria are identified and their thermodynamical stability is investigated by means of a variational approach. It is shown that the problems are well-posed in an $L_p$-setting and generate local semiflows in the proper state manifolds. It is further shown that a non-degenerate equilibrium is dynamically stable in the natural state manifold if and only if it is thermodynamically stable. Finally, it is shown that a solution which does not develop singularities exists globally and converges to an equilibrium in the state manifold.
Non-commutative lattice-modified Gel’fand–Dikii systems

We introduce integrable multicomponent non-commutative lattice systems, which can be considered as analogues of the modified Gel’fand–Dikii hierarchy. We present the corresponding systems of Lax pairs and show directly the multidimensional consistency of these Gel’fand–Dikii-type equations. We demonstrate how the systems can be obtained as periodic reductions of the non-commutative lattice Kadomtsev–Petviashvilii hierarchy. The geometric description of the hierarchy in terms of Desargues maps helps to derive a non-isospectral generalization of the non-commutative lattice-modified Gel’fand–Dikii systems. We show also how arbitrary functions of single arguments appear naturally in our approach when making commutative reductions, which we illustrate on the non-isospectral non-autonomous versions of the lattice-modified Korteweg–de Vries and Boussinesq systems.
Misbehavior During Penalty Kicks and Goalkeepers Holding the Ball Too Long as Trivial Offenses in Football

Rule violations occur in every sport and the respective book of rules prescribes how match officials need to sanction them. However, there are some rule violations that are nearly never penalized, even if they are perceived by the match officials. A phenomenon that has been neglected in the scientific community so far, for which we want to introduce the term trivial offenses. This research focuses on two potential trivial offenses in football: rule violations regarding the six-seconds rule, the time a goalkeeper is allowed to control the ball with his hands, and rule violations during the performance of penalty kicks. The aim is to provide empirical proof of the existence of those trivial offenses and describe the respective patterns. For this purpose, two observation systems were constructed; one to investigate 45 games from the German Bundesliga with respect to the six-seconds rule and one to study rule violations during 618 penalty kicks from four European football leagues and one cup event. The following variables were collected: Goalkeeper, MatchLocation, Minute (representing the minute of the game), PreviousAction, CurrentScore, Time (representing the time the goalkeeper controlled the ball with his hands), and Penalization for the six-seconds study; Responsibility for infringement, Decision of the referee, and Outcome for the penalty study. Reliability tests showed almost perfect agreement for the data of both samples. On average, goalkeepers control the ball 6.0 s (SD:4.54) with their hands and the six-second rule was violated in 38.4% of the situations, none of which was penalized. This duration was significantly influenced by CurrentScore (p < 0.001), which indicates a tactical abuse of this situation. None of the investigated penalty kicks was conducted without a rule violation either. In most incidents (96.3%) outfield players from both teams as well as the goalkeeper commit offenses. The umpire only judges 2.8% of these incidents correctly, most of them by approving the scored goal. In total, this research proves the existence of trivial offenses in football and shows how methods and tools of performance analysis can serve to investigate and even solve this issue.
First passage problems for upwards skip-free random walks via the $\Phi,W,Z$ paradigm

We develop the theory of the $W$ and $Z$ scale functions for right-continuous (upwards skip-free) discrete-time discrete-space random walks, along the lines of the analogue theory for spectrally negative L\'evy processes. Notably, we introduce for the first time in this context the one and two-parameter scale functions $Z$, which appear for example in the joint problem of deficit at ruin and time of ruin, and in problems concerning the walk reflected at an upper barrier. Comparisons are made between the various theories of scale functions as one makes time and/or space continuous. The theory is shown to be fruitful by providing a convenient unified framework for studying dividends-capital injection problems under various objectives, for the so-called compound binomial risk model of actuarial science.
Intraoperative Fluid Management for Major Neurosurgery: Narrative study

neuroanesthesia and critical care for neurosurgical patients, the anesthesiologist plan should have a judicious regimen of fluid management because it will be obliging in improve the surgical outcomes. When the fluids is replaced by a good regimen, it will help the neurosurgeon to avoid brain edema formation and intravenous congestion whereas enhancing the patient's volume status to maintain both adequate cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. We searched the current available literature and RCTs on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Evidence Based Medicine Reviews. Furthermore, citation review and hand search of new journals related to fluid therapy for neuro-surgeries were done. Because of absent any specific evidence which concerning the optimal fluid and regimen of replacement, at least the regimen that are demonstrated to be harmful should be avoided. Thoughtful preoperative appreciatin of the pathophysiology of the individual patient is an effective maner to have a suitable desion in type and amount of fluid. Every thing should be normal, this is the main objective from fluid management during neurosurgery and can be achieved by maintaining the continuity of each of glocuse level, sodium level and intravascular volume within normality.
Preparation of Nano/Microcapsules of Ozonated Olive Oil in Hyaluronan Matrix and Analysis of Physicochemical and Microbiological (Biological) Properties of the Obtained Biocomposite

Hydrogels, based on natural polymers, such as hyaluronic acid, are gaining an increasing popularity because of their biological activity. The antibacterial effect of ozone is widely known and used, but the instability the gas causes, severely limits its application. Ozone entrapment in olive oil by its reaction with an unsaturated bond, allows for the formation of stable, therapeutically active ozone derivatives. In this study, we obtained an innovative hydrogel, based on hyaluronic acid containing micro/nanocapsules of ozonated olive oil. By combination of the biocompatible polymer with a high regenerative capacity and biologically active ingredients, we obtained a hydrogel with regenerative properties and a very weak inhibitory effect against both bacterial commensal skin microbiota and pathogenic Candida-like yeasts. We assessed the stability and rheological properties of the gel, determined the morphology of the composite, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. We also performed Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The functional properties, including the antimicrobial potential were assessed by the microbiological analysis and in vitro testing on the HaCat human keratinocyte cell line. The studies proved that the obtained emulsions were rheologically stable, exhibited an antimicrobial effect and did not show cytotoxicity in the HaCat keratinocyte model.
Hilbert $C^*$-modules over $\Sigma^*$-algebras II: $\Sigma^*$-Morita equivalence

In previous work, we defined and studied $\Sigma^*$-modules, a class of Hilbert $C^*$-modules over $\Sigma^*$-algebras (the latter are $C^*$-algebras that are sequentially closed in the weak operator topology). The present work continues this study by developing the appropriate $\Sigma^*$-algebraic analogue of the notion of strong Morita equivalence for $C^*$-algebras. We define strong $\Sigma^*$-Morita equivalence, prove a few characterizations, look at the relationship with equivalence of categories of a certain type of Hilbert space representation, study $\Sigma^*$-versions of the interior and exterior tensor products, and prove a $\Sigma^*$-version of the Brown-Green-Rieffel stable isomorphism theorem.
Localization of the principal Dirichlet eigenvector in the heavy-tailed random conductance model

We study the asymptotic behavior of the principal eigenvector and eigenvalue of the random conductance Laplacian in a large domain of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ ($d\geq 2$) with zero Dirichlet condition. We assume that the conductances $w$ are positive i.i. d. random variables, which fulfill certain regularity assumptions near zero. If $\gamma=\sup \{ q\geq 0\colon \mathbb{E} [w^{-q}] 1/4$ the top of the Dirichlet spectrum homogenizes. Our proofs are based on a spatial extreme value analysis of the local speed measure, Borel-Cantelli arguments, the Rayleigh-Ritz formula, results from percolation theory, and path arguments.
In Silico Study of the Mechanisms Underlying the Action of the Snake Natriuretic-Like Peptide Lebetin 2 during Cardiac Ischemia

Lebetin 2 (L2), a natriuretic-like peptide (NP), exerts potent cardioprotection in myocardial infarction (MI), with stronger effects than B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying its cardioprotection effect, we used molecular modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to describe the binding mode, key interaction residues as well as mechanistic insights into L2 interaction with NP receptors (NPRs). L2 binding affinity was determined for human, rat, mouse and chicken NPRs, and the stability of receptor–ligand complexes ascertained during 100 ns-long MD simulations. We found that L2 exhibited higher affinity for all human NPRs compared to BNP, with a rank preference for NPR-A > NPR-C > NPR-B. Moreover, L2 affinity for human NPR-A and NPR-C was higher in other species. Both docking and MD studies revealed that the NPR-C–L2 interaction was stronger in all species compared to BNP. Due to its higher affinity to human receptors, L2 could be used as a therapeutic approach in MI patients. Moreover, the stronger interaction of L2 with NPR-C could highlight a new L2 signaling pathway that would explain its additional effects during cardiac ischemia. Thus, L2 is a promising candidate for drug design toward novel compounds with high potency, affinity and stability.
Does Working Memory Capacity Predict Literal and Inferential Comprehension of Bilinguals’ Digital Reading in a Multitasking Setting?

The ubiquity of multitasking has led researchers to investigate its potential costs for reading and learning (Clinton‐Lisell, 2021). While some studies have not shown detrimental effects of multitasking for reading comprehension (Bowman et al., 2010; Cho et al., 2015; Pashler et al., 2013), one particular study has found a benefit of multitasking (Tran et al., 2013). These results, nevertheless, do not converge with the findings of recent meta-analyses, which have suggested both a negative effect of multitasking for reading comprehension (Clinton‐Lisell, 2021), as well as the disruptive effects of listening to lyrical music while reading for comprehension (Vasilev et al., 2018). Previous research seems to converge with the theories of how working memory copes with the complexity of reading as a process, since several subprocesses must be orchestrated so that the ultimate goal of reading – the construction of a mental representation – is fully achieved (Tomitch, 2020). In addition to that, no previous study has investigated reading as a multilevel construct in which both literal and inferential comprehension (Alptekin & Erçetin, 2010; Kintsch, 1998) is assessed in a multitasking setting. With that in mind, we investigated whether working memory capacity, measured by the Self-Administrable Reading Span Test (Oliveira et al., 2021), predicts proficient bilinguals’ performance in literal and inferential comprehension, by means of comprehension questions (Pearson & Johnson, 1978) and reading times, under a multitasking setting in two conditions – listening to lyrical music (experimental) as opposed to listening to non-lyrical music (control). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that working memory capacity significantly predicted inferential, but not literal comprehension nor reading times, and only when participants were listening to lyrical music. Results are discussed both in terms of the effects of multitasking on reading comprehension as well as the role of working memory in language comprehension.
Metabolomics-Based Analysis of the Major Taste Contributors of Meat by Comparing Differences in Muscle Tissue between Chickens and Common Livestock Species

The taste of meat is the result of complex chemical reactions. In this study, non-target metabolomics was used to resolve the taste differences in muscle tissue of four major livestock species (chicken, duck, pork, and beef). The electronic tongue was then combined to identify the major taste contributors to meat. The results showed that the metabolism of chicken meat differed from that of duck, pork, and beef. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the five important metabolites responsible for the differences were all related to taste, including creatinine, hypoxanthine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-glutamic acid, and L-aspartic acid. These five key taste contributors acted mainly through the amino acid metabolic pathways. In combination with electronic tongue (e-tongue) analysis, inosine monophosphate was the main contributor of umami. L-Glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid might be important contributors to the umami richness. Creatinine and hypoxanthine contributed more to the bitter aftertaste of meat.
Secondary Fans and Secondary Polyhedra of Punctured Riemann Surfaces

Abstract A famous construction of Gel'fand, Kapranov and Zelevinsky associates to each finite point configuration a polyhedral fan, which stratifies the space of weight vectors by the combinatorial types of regular subdivisions of A. That fan arises as the normal fan of a convex polytope. In a completely analogous way, we associate to each hyperbolic Riemann surface ℛ with punctures a polyhedral fan. Its cones correspond to the ideal cell decompositions of ℛ that occur as the horocyclic Delaunay decompositions which arise via the convex hull construction of Epstein and Penner. Similar to the classical case, this secondary fan of ℛ turns out to be the normal fan of a convex polyhedron, the secondary polyhedron of ℛ.
Bautin bifurcation in a minimal model of immunoediting

One of the simplest model of immune surveillance and neoplasia was proposed by Delisi and Resigno. Later Liu et al proved the existence of non-degenerate Takens-Bogdanov bifurcations defining a surface in the whole set of five positive parameters. In this paper we prove the existence of Bautin bifurcations completing the scenario of possible codimension two bifurcations that occur in this model. We give an interpretation of our results in terms of the three phases immunoediting theory:elimination, equilibrium and escape.
Platonic Solids and High Genus Covers of Lattice Surfaces

Abstract We study the translation surfaces obtained by considering the unfoldings of the surfaces of Platonic solids. We show that they are all lattice surfaces and we compute the topology of the associated Teichmüller curves. Using an algorithm that can be used generally to compute Teichmüller curves of translation covers of primitive lattice surfaces, we show that the Teichmüller curve of the unfolded dodecahedron has genus 131 with 19 cone singularities and 362 cusps. We provide both theoretical and rigorous computer-assisted proofs that there are no closed saddle connections on the surfaces associated to the tetrahedron, octahedron, cube, and icosahedron. We show that there are exactly 31 equivalence classes of closed saddle connections on the dodecahedron, where equivalence is defined up to affine automorphisms of the translation cover. Techniques established here apply more generally to Platonic surfaces and even more generally to translation covers of primitive lattice surfaces and their Euclidean cone surface and billiard table quotients.
New approach to conserved charges of generic gravity in AdS spacetimes

Starting from a divergence-free rank-4 tensor of which the trace is the cosmological Einstein tensor, we give a construction of conserved charges in Einstein's gravity and its higher derivative extensions for asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes. The current yielding the charge is explicitly gauge-invariant, and the charge expression involves the linearized Riemann tensor at the boundary. Hence, to compute the mass and angular momenta in these spacetimes, one just needs to compute the linearized Riemann tensor. We give two examples.
Uniform Diophantine approximation related to $b$-ary and ${\it\beta}$-expansions

Let $b\geq 2$ be an integer and $\hat{v}$ a real number. Among other results, we compute the Hausdorff dimension of the set of real numbers ${\it\xi}$ with the property that, for every sufficiently large integer $N$, there exists an integer $n$ such that $1\leq n\leq N$ and the distance between $b^{n}{\it\xi}$ and its nearest integer is at most equal to $b^{-\hat{v}N}$. We further solve the same question when replacing $b^{n}{\it\xi}$ by $T_{{\it\beta}}^{n}{\it\xi}$, where $T_{{\it\beta}}$ denotes the classical ${\it\beta}$-transformation.
Absence of a structural glass phase in a monatomic model liquid predicted to undergo an ideal glass transition

We study numerically a two-dimensional monodisperse model of interacting classical particles predicted to exhibit a static liquid–glass transition. Using a dynamical Monte Carlo method we show that the model does not freeze into a glassy phase at low temperatures. Instead, depending on the choice of the hard-core radius for the particles, the system either collapses trivially or a polycrystalline hexagonal structure emerges.
Exponential Family Techniques for the Lognormal Left Tail

Let X be lognormal(μ,σ2) with density f(x); let θ > 0 and define L(θ)=Ee−θX . We study properties of the exponentially tilted density (Esscher transform) fθ(x) = e−θxf(x)/L(θ), in particular its moments, its asymptotic form as θ→∞ and asymptotics for the saddlepoint θ(x) determined by E[Xe−θX]/L(θ)=x . The asymptotic formulas involve the Lambert W function. The established relations are used to provide two different numerical methods for evaluating the left tail probability of the sum of lognormals Sn=X1+⋯+Xn: a saddlepoint approximation and an exponential tilting importance sampling estimator. For the latter, we demonstrate logarithmic efficiency. Numerical examples for the cdf Fn(x) and the pdf fn(x) of Sn are given in a range of values of σ2,n and x motivated by portfolio value‐at‐risk calculations.
Activity data on crop management define uncertainty of CH
 4
 and N
 2
 O emission estimates from rice: A case study of Vietnam

Background: Globally, rice systems are a major source of atmospheric CH 4 and for major rice-producing countries, such as Vietnam, CH 4 as well as N 2 O emissions from agricultural land used for rice production may represent about one-fourth of total national anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, national-scale estimates of GHG emissions from rice systems are uncertain with regard to its magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality. Aims: Here, we used the biogeochemical model LandscapeDNDC to calculate emissions ofCH 4 andN 2 OfromricesystemsinVietnam(Tier3IPCCapproach). Ourobjectiveswere to