Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary descriptions of ten new species of the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915 (Crustacea, Decapoda Natantia, Pontoniinae)

The study of the pontoniid fauna of the Indo-West-Pacific region has resulted in the discovery of a number of undescribed species of the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915. A revision of this genus, the second largest in the subfamily, at present in progress, cannot be completed for some time and it is considered advisable to provide preliminary descriptions of the species concerned, as has been done in the case of the genus Periclimenes Costa (Bruce, 1969). The brief descriptions and remarks given here will enable the species to be identified and may further contribute to their recognition in other parts of their ranges, pending their full description and illustration. All the specimens described are commensals of marine invertebrates. Most were obtained from sponges and some from tunicates. The hosts of most of the specimens were preserved and are in the process of identification. Periclimenaeus holthuisi sp. nov. Periclimenaeus rhodope, Holthuis, 1952: 125, fig. 54, 55, 55bis (not Coralliocaris (Onycocaris) rhodope Nobili, 1904). Remarks. — The species has been fully described by Holthuis, who noted a number of discrepancies between his specimens and Nobili's description. The examination of fresh material has provided specimens that correspond exactly with Nobili's description and indicate that Holthuis' material must be referred to a separate species, which is, of course, closely related to P. rhodope Nobili. Periclimenaeus holthuisi may be distinguished from P. rhodope by the following features: (i) posteriormost rostral tooth well behind orbital margin; (2) supraorbital spines less strongly developed; (3) basal segment
Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde over a Ru−Sn Sol−Gel Catalyst. 2. Kinetic Modeling

Selective liquid-phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol over a sol−gel 5% Ru−5% Sn/SiO2 catalyst has been studied in a stirred batch reactor (373−483 K, 25−70 bar). Experiments provided information about the influence of temperature and pressure on the catalytic performance. The catalyst deactivation in different solvents during repeated experiments has been studied, too. Kinetic modeling based on several reaction mechanisms allowing discrimination between rival models was carried out.
Thermodynamic properties of carbonates at high pressures from vibrational modelling

Simplified vibrational densities of states for five different carbonates are constructed using measured IR and Raman spectra. From the spectroscopic models we calculate thermodynamic and thermoelastic properties of magnesite, calcite, aragonite, dolomite, and siderite. The effects of temperature and pressure on the vibrational frequencies are explicitly introduced into the computations. These spectroscopic models provide high level agreement with the measured values of entropy and heat capacity (within +/- 2%), with the exception of aragonite (within +/- 5% above 600 K) due to its breakdown to calcite: For the molar volumes the agreement is within +/- 0.5 %. The Gibbs free energies of each mineral are then computed in order to obtain pressure and temperature equilibrium conditions for different chemical reactions involving carbonates. Comparing the predicted phase diagrams with those experimentally determined provides an additional constraint on the validity of spectroscopic models and in the values of formation enthalpies.
Mechanism of L-ascorbic acid oxidation on a mercury electrode. II. Basic medium

A polarographic study of the oxidation mechanism of L-ascorbic acid is carried out in a basic medium and two oxidation waves are observed.An analysis of these waves shows that the limiting current is governed by diffusion and that in each reaction a two electron transfer takes place. On the rising portion of the waves, the oxidation process consists of two consecutive one electron transfers. In the first wave, the second transfer is the rate determining step, whilst in the second wave, a chemical stage subsequent to the second electron transfer is the rate determining step. The reaction orders, together with the Tafel slopes, are calculated.The oxidation mechanism of this acid in basic media is different from that in acid media.
A Generalized Method for Thermodynamic State Analysis of Environmental Systems

Chemotrophic life depends on the regular supply of new material to maintain a thermodynamic non-equilibrium situation. A thermodynamic non-equilibrium situation is characterized by significant driving forces to drive phase and/or electron transfer in redox reactions. Microorganisms play an important role as catalysts of thermodynamically feasible chemical redox reactions, and are capable of utilizing the energy generated for microbial growth. An improved insight in the functioning of ecosystems and the microbial life encountered can be established by analyzing the thermodynamic state of the ecosystem. Still, conducting an extensive thermodynamic state analysis based on measured information of an ecosystem is generally considered a rather complicated and laborious task. In this paper, we describe a generalized and step-wise method for conducting an extensive thermodynamic state analysis of an environmental ecosystem. The method is based on the identification of the reactants in the system and the derivation of the stoichiometry of the catabolic and anabolic reaction. In a subsequent step, the thermodynamic system properties are calculated, and different methods to establish a full description of microbial metabolism are obtained. Several examples are presented to clarify the method proposed. We hope this relatively straightforward method encourages researchers of microbial ecosystems to include thermodynamic state analysis as an integral part of their research. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology for the following free supplemental resource: an elaboration in MS Excel of examples in the text regarding the fully generalized method described in this paper. ]
Detecting Both Physical and (Bio‐)Chemical Parameters by Means of ISFET Devices

A multi-parameter sensor system for the detection of eight (bio-)chemical and physical parameters (pH, potassium concentration, penicillin concentration, diffusion coefficient of H þ - and OH – -ions, temperature, flow velocity, flow direction and liquid level) is realized by using the same transducer principle. A Ta2O5-gate ISFET (ion-sensitive fieldeffect transistor) is applied as basic transducer for all kinds of sensors. The multi-parameter detection is achieved by means of sequentially or simultaneously scheduling of the hybride sensor modules consisting of four ISFET structures and an ion generator in different sensor arrangements and/or different operation modes. Thus, more parameters (eight) can be detected than the number of sensors (four) in the system.
Stable solvates in solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfone)imide in glymes and other aprotic solvents: Phase diagrams, crystallography and Raman spectroscopy

Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfone)imide (LiTFSI), a promising electrolyte for high energy lithium batteries, forms several stable solvates having low melting points in aprotic solvents. In a previous study (D. Brouillette, G. Perron and J. E. Desnoyers, J. Solution Chem., 1998, 27, 151), it was suggested, based on thermodynamic studies, that such stable solvates may persist in solution and influence their properties. To verify this hypothesis, phase diagrams and Raman spectra have been measured for solutions of LiTFSI in acetonitrile, propylene carbonate and glymes (n(ethyleneglycol) dimethyl ether or Gn), which have the chemical structure CH3–O–(CH2–CH2–O)n–CH3 for n = 1 to 4 and 10. The relative intensities of the LiTFSI and solvent Raman bands are proportional to the concentration for systems without solvates. The systems for which stable solvates were identified in the phase diagram show important changes in the relative intensities for both the LiTFSI and the solvent Raman bands at concentrations corresponding to particular stoichiometries and support the conclusion that stable solvates are present in the solutions. The structure of the crystalline G1:LiTFSI solvate was determined by X-ray crystallography. Structures for (G2)2:LiTFSI and (G1)3:LiTFSI solvates are proposed.
Mercury content in organs of commercial fish (Poland) - a short report.

The concentration of mercury in selected organs (muscles, liver and gills) of five fish species was measured by flameless cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS). The fish species examined: freshwater (pike, Esox lucius (L.), roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) and bream, Abramis brama (L.)) and marine (mackerel, Scomber scombrus and flounder, Platichthys flesus), were bought from supermarkets of Olsztyn (north-eastern Poland) over the period from November to December 2006. Differences in the total mercury content were found both between species and organs. The concentration of mercury turned out to be higher in muscles of freshwater fish than in other organs (p≤0.05). Muscles of flounder had also more mercury than gills and liver, but differences were statistically significant only between muscles and gills (p≤0.05). The content of mercury in the liver of mackerel was higher than in gills (p≤0.05) and muscles, although did not differ statistically (p>0.05). The higher levels of mercury (0.226 mg/kg and 0.084 mg/kg, respectively) were determined in muscles (p≤0.05) and liver (p≤0.05) of pike as compared to the other fish studied (with the exception of mackerel), because the concentration of Hg in liver of these fish was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). A significantly higher mercury content (0.034 mg/kg) was recorded in gills of mackerel than in those of bream (p≤0.05). The muscle tissue of freshwater fish contained a higher concentration of mercury (0.135 mg/kg) than that of marine fish (0.052 mg/kg), (p≤0.05). In turn, the content of mercury (0.033 mg/kg) in gills of marine fish was higher than in the freshwater fish (0.019 mg/kg), (p≤0.05), whereas the content of mercury in liver of freshwater fish was close to that of the marine fish (0.051 mg/kg and 0.053 mg/kg, respectively) (p>0.05).
Structural characteristics and catalytic performance of alumina-supported nanosized ceria–lanthana solid solutions

Alumina-supported nanosized ceria–lanthana solid solutions (CeO2−La2O3/Al2O3 (CLA) = 80 : 20 : 100 mol% based on oxides) were synthesized by a modified deposition coprecipitation method from ultra-high dilute aqueous solutions. The synthesized materials were subjected to various calcination temperatures from 773 to 1073 K to understand the surface structure and the thermal stability. Structural and redox properties were deeply investigated by different characterization techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. The catalytic efficiency was evaluated for CO oxidation at normal atmospheric pressure. BET surface area measurements revealed that synthesized samples exhibit reasonably high specific surface area. As revealed by XRD measurements, samples maintain structural integrity up to 1073 K without any disproportionation of phases. XPS results suggested that there is no significant change in the Ce3+ amount during thermal treatments due to the absence of undesirable cerium aluminate formation. A significant number of oxygen vacancies were confirmed from Raman and UV-vis DRS measurements. The CLA 773 sample exhibited superior CO oxidation activity. The better activity of the catalyst was proved to be due to a high dispersion in the form of nanosized ceria–lanthana solid solutions over the alumina support, facile reduction, and a high oxygen storage capacity.
Investigation of magnetic and electrochemical sensing properties of novel Ba1/3Mn1/3Co1/3Fe2O4 nanoparticles

Novel Ba1/3Mn1/3Co1/3Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the glycol thermal route. The X-ray diffraction study confirmed a well defined spinel phase structure of the sample. The microstrain was investigated based on the Williamson–Hall plot. Crystallinity, shape and size of the nanoparticles were studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Brunauer–Emmet–Teller measurement revealed that the sample has a high surface area of 116 m2 g−1. The Barrett–Joyner–Halenda test showed that the sample is mesoporous. The magnetization was found to increase from 66.5 ± 0.3 emu g−1 at 300 K to 84.4 ± 0.5 emu g−1 at 4 K. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensing properties of Ba1/3Mn1/3Co1/3Fe2O4 nanoparticles were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. A glassy carbon electrode was modified using the synthesized Ba1/3Mn1/3Co1/3Fe2O4 nanoparticles. The modified electrode demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity towards didanosine, an anti-HIV drug. A linear response to the drug concentration was obtained in the range from 0.001 to 5.0 μM with a detection limit of 1.0 nM. The electrode was highly stable, reproducible and was successfully used to determine trace amounts of didanosine in human urine samples.
Hydrothermal Conversion of Trachytic Glass to Zeolite. 3. Monocationic Model Glasses

Experiments on zeolitization were conducted on four synthetic monocationic glasses (Na, K, Ca, or Mg-rich glass) with Si/Al molar ratios of 2.67, similar in acidity to many volcanic glasses of partially zeolitized Italian tuffs. The products of the hydrothermal treatment at 100, 150, and 200°C of single glasses or glass mixtures with deionized H2O or monosaline solutions (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal, microscopic and chemical analyses. Chemical analyses of mother liquors were also performed. Mineral assemblages, containing chabazite, phillipsite, analcime, and K-feldspar, very similar to those found in altered, volcaniclastic alkali-trachytic or trachytic glass deposits were produced. Potassium was essential to chabazite and phillipsite crystallization, although phillipsite was obtained also in Ca-Na mixed systems. Sodium was necessary for analcime formation. Calcium plays only a secondary role in zeolitization, and magnesium does not favor zeolite crystallization but promotes the formation of smectite. Glass composition determines the mineral assemblages obtained and hence in those commonly found in nature.
Chemical changes in an Oxisol cultivated with maize ( Zea mays, L. ) after six years disposal of sewage sludge

Sewage sludge is composed of predominantly organic matter and can be used to improve soil characteristics, such as fertility. Therefore, its application in agriculture is an adequate alternative for its final disposal. However, there is a lack of information on its long-term effects on soil changes in tropical areas. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine: (a) the effect of sewage sludge application on heavy metal build-up in soil and maize grains and (b) the effects of soil amendment with sewage sludge on the chemical properties of a Brazilian Oxisol. Besides the increasing levels of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr, amending soil with sewage sludge also alters the distribution of these metals by increasing the mobile Phases, which correlated significantly with the increase in metal extraction with two single extractants, Mehlich 1 (HCl 0.05 mol L –1 + H2SO4 0.0125 mol L –1 ) and DTPA (Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). Nevertheless, metal build-up in soil and plants was within the allowed limits. The data obtained does not indicate any expressive drawbacks in the use of sewage sludge as a soil amendment, as the heavy metal concentrations observed are unlikely to cause any environmental or health problems, even overestimated loadings.
Synthesis and Li-Ion Insertion Properties of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous Rutile TiO2

Mesoporous TiO2 has attracted great attention as a promising Li insertion electrode material with improved cycling life, rate capability, and high power density. Up to date, mesoporous anatase TiO2 has been investigated for Li insertion. Recent studies have shown that nanosized rutile could be an excellent candidate for anode materials for higher Li insertion capacity and improved stability. However, synthesis of highly crystalline mesoporous rutile has met with limited success so far. There has been no report on Li insertion of mesoporous rutile TiO2. In this paper, we report a new low-temperature solution growth of TiO2 nanocrystals within an anionic surfactant matrix to produce highly crystalline mesoporous rutile and investigate Li insertion properties of the mesoporous crystalline rutile. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and N2 sorption isotherms reveal that mesoporous structure in the highly crystalline mesoporous TiO2 directly results from the anionic surfactant templating effects with high surface.
Phenols and Nitrated Phenols in Clouds at Mount Brocken

Abstract Two phenols and four nitrophenols have been determined in the gas and liquid phase of clouds during a field campaign in May 1994 at Mount Brocken (Germany). If the total amount in both phases is considered, 2-nitrophenol is the dominant compound which is mainly present in the gas phase while 4-nitrophenol is much more abundant in the liquid phase, which reflects the differences in the distribution constants. The experimental data suggest that mononitrophenols may partially originate from automobile exhaust while dinitrophenols are almost completely formed by atmospheric reactions. Furthermore, comparison of the concentration of dinitrophenols and the extent to which air masses are transported in clouds indicates that these compounds are mainly formed in cloud droplets.
Direct Solid-Liquid Separation Using Hollow Fiber Membrane in an Activated Sludge Aeration Tank

Direct membrane separation using hollow fibers was applied to wastewater treatment in an activated sludge process. A membrane module with a pore size of 0.1 micron was immersed in the aeration tank and treated water was filtered through the membrane by suction. Various operational modes were applied to investigate stable flux conditions as well as organic and nitrogen removal. The stable treatment with a detention time of 4 hours could be kept for about 120 days at a volumetric organic loading of 1.5 kg COD/(m 3 day) using intermittent suction with a low pressure of 13 kPa (1.3 m as water head). The COD removal was higher than 95% and more than 90% of COD supplied was oxidized to keep MLSS almost constant in the reactor without sludge wastage, which suggests that total oxidation of influent biodegradable materials can be achieved in this system. Up to 60% of nitrogen could be denitrified by intermittent aeration. The critical organic loading was estimated as 3 to 4 kg COD/(m 3 day) in order to keep both stable flux and aerobic condition. The clogging in the membrane was inevitable to some extent, however, the intermittent suction and low pressure operation without cleaning could prevent the unrecoverable clogging and dead end of operation.
Characterization of Dynamic Viscoelastic Behavior of Wheat Flour Doughs at Different Moisture Contents

ABSTRACT Three different flours were examined to study the influence of moisture content on the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of wheat flour dough. Doughs with moisture contents varying from 43 to 58% were submitted to dynamic testing using a mechanical spectrometer operating in frequency sweep mode, obtaining information about rheological response in the linear viscoelastic range. To characterize the influence of moisture content on the dynamic viscoelastic behavior of wheat flour dough, some hypotheses regarding the functional role of the water molecules were verified by applying reduction procedures of the rheological curves. By shifting the rheological curves along the vertical axis, it was possible to verify that varying the moisture content of the doughs not only changed dynamic properties but also modified viscoelastic response. By applying a reduction procedure similar to that used to estimate the constants of the Williams, Landel, and Ferry equation, we demonstrated that not only did the viscoela.
Surface Analysis Studies of Yield Enhancements in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry by Polyatomic Projectiles

In this paper we examine the mechanism of secondary ion yield enhancements previously observed for polyatomic projectiles by measuring the weight loss, volume loss, and surface composition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films sputtered by keV SF5+ and Ar+ projectile ions. The sputter yieldthe amount of material removed from the surface by 3.0 keV SF5+ projectileswas found to be 2.2 ± 0.8 higher than for Ar+ projectiles, measured by weight loss in the PMMA film with a quartz crystal microbalance. This result is consistent with sputter yield measurements reported here using 5.5 keV ions and stylus profilometry. Thus, the >10× enhancement in secondary ion yield in secondary ion mass spectrometry observed for polyatomic ion projectiles is not attributable to the modest ∼2× enhancements observed in the sputter yields for this molecular solid. Surface chemical measurements by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also indicated fundamental differences in atomic versus polyatomic sputtering mechanisms at 3.0 keV.
Effects of acidification on metal mobility in a papermill-ash amended soil

Elevated soil pH due to papermill ash application has adverse effects on forest soils. Column leaching studies were conducted to determine the effects of acidification on trace metal mobility in a papermill-ash amended soil. Two types of ash, aged and fresh, were used. The aged ash-soil profile was collected from the field where the ash was mixed with the surface soil to a depth of 47 cm at rates of 896 and 1,792 mt ha{sup {minus}1} and left to stand for 1.5 yr. The fresh ash-soil profile was prepared by mixing fresh ash with the surface soil at the same rates as the aged ash-soil profiles. The pHs of the ash-soil profiles were adjusted from 9--10 to 7 and 6 using dilute HNO{sub 3}. Leachate concentrations of As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Na, Ni, Se, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and pH were measured at the end of 7 and 35 d. Acidification of the aged ash-soil profiles elevated concentrations of Se, As, Cd, and Ni in leachate possibly due to the dissolution of CaCO{sub 3} and release of metals adsorbed to CaCO{sub 3}. Reduced Cu concentrations were possibly due to reduced DOC concentrations at reduced pH. On the othermore » hand, acidification greatly reduced the amount of metals leached through the fresh ash-soil profiles (except Ca and Cd), mainly due to significant reduction in the mobilization/solubilization of organic matter. The high metal mobility in the unacidified fresh ash-soil profiles could have been due to DOC-facilitated metal migration. « less
Numerical investigation of kinetics of free-radical polymerization on spinning disk reactor

Spinning disk reactor (SDR) technology has been demonstrated to achieve significant enhancements in free radical polymerization rates. The effect on the rate may be attributed to the unique hydrodynamic environment experienced by the reacting polymer films. The rotating surface of a SDR promotes extension of the polymer chains, which may prevent the propagating chains from terminating through bimolecular reactions. In this article, a numerical simulation is performed to investigate how reduced rates of termination would affect time conversion behavior of free radical initiated styrene polymerization. Comparisons have been made between model predictions and SDR experimental results. The closeness between predicted and experimental results yields strong evidence that the hydrodynamic regime created on the surface of a SDR can lead to reduced rates of bimolecular termination. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 693–699, 2003