Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role-Based Meets Problem-Based for Software Engineering Learning

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been proving its success in many areas of education that require experimental learning or ‘learning by doing’, especially in engineering, medical, dental and veterinary education. In a typical PBL environment, students are assigned a real world problem to explore and then work collaboratively in groups to seek solutions to that problem. In PBL, problems are often tackled from a single perspective, e.g., from the perspective of a problem-solver. Therefore, less emphasis is given to the development of some other skills, such as communication skills, management skills, change management skills, negotiation skills, risk management skills, quality management skills, etc. These skills are, however, rather crucial in the context of the globalization of software development where the differences in culture and language must be resolved amongst a variety of roles and perspectives to reach a shared goal. This paper presents our view on evolving PBL through its convergence with role-based learning. In particular, the paper shares our experiences from collaborating on a Global Software Development (GSD) project in 2008, a project that involved students from multiple universities in four different countries. Different roles and responsibilities were established in this GSD project for the different competencies that were needed on the project to nurture those skills desirable for working in global settings. Particular roles like mentoring and auditing were also set up to strive for quality throughout the duration of the project. The paper considers the talent and skills that can be cumulatively acquired through a specific role assigned in such a project. Reflections on adopting this combination of role-based and problem-based learning were then applied to a local software engineering class in Thailand. This experience is highlighted to point out the transition in the learning itself and the steps required to tailor a local class setting to gain some of the same benefits of such a model of global work.
T‐Cell Receptor Variable γ Chain Gene Expression in the Interaction between Rat γδ‐Type T Cells and Heat‐Shock Protein 70‐Like Molecule

We previously reported that rat T‐cell receptor (TCR) Vδ6 of T‐cell hybridomas was preferentially involved in recognition of the cell surface‐expressed 70 kDa rat heat‐shock cognate (hsc70, a constitutively expressed member of the hsp 70 family) protein‐like molecule (#067 molecule). In the present study, we analyzed usage of the TCR Vγ family of #067‐restricted T‐cell hybridomas. Our data indicated that most of these hybridomas expressed transcripts of TCR Vγ1 and/or Vγ2. However, some of the Vγ2 transcripts were out‐of‐frame, suggesting that the TCR Vγ1 family may be important for the recognition of #067‐defined molecules. TCR Vγ1 transcripts were detected in not only #067‐restricted T‐cell hybridomas, but #067‐non restricted ones as well. However, V‐J nucleotide sequences of #067‐restricted and #067‐non restricted T‐cell hybridomas suggested that #067‐restricted T‐cell hybridomas showed limited insertion of nucleotide stretch as compared with #067‐non restricted ones. In terms of amino acids, only one amino acid was added in #067‐restricted T‐cell hybridomas, whereas two or three amino acids were added in #067‐non restricted ones. These data suggest that the heterodimer of the TCR relatively short stretch form of Vγ1 molecule and TCR Vδ6 may participate in recognition of the #067 molecule.
ThE ExploiTATioN AND CoNsERvATioN

precious corals have been commercially exploited for many centuries all over the world. Their skeletons have been used as amulets or jewellery since antiquity and are one of the most valuable living marine resources. precious coral fisheries are generally characterized by the ‘boomand-bust’ principle, quickly depleting a discovered stock and then moving on to the next one. Most known stocks are overexploited today, and populations are in decline. The unsustainable nature of most fisheries is clearly revealed by analyzing all available data. precious corals belong to the functional group of deep corals and are important structure-forming organisms, so called ecosystem engineers, that provide shelter for other organisms, increasing biodiversity. Yet, their management is usually focused on single species rather than a holistic habitat management approach. This review compares the biology of precious corals as well as the historical ecology and the socioeconomy of their fisheries to improve precious coral management and conservation. The analysis demonstrates that a paradigm shift is necessary in precious coral exploitation, not only to conserve habitats of high biodiversity but also to achieve sustainable fisheries and stabilize a specialized jewellery industry.
Adding insult to injury: Effects of chronic oxybenzone exposure and elevated temperature on two reef-building corals

We studied the effect of chronic oxybenzone exposure and elevated temperature on coral health. Microcolonies of Stylophora pistillata and Acropora tenuis were cultured in 20 flow-through aquaria, of which 10 were exposed to oxybenzone at a field-relevant concentration of ~0.06 μg L−1 at 26 °C. After two weeks, half of the corals experienced a heat wave culminating at 33 °C. All S. pistillata colonies survived the heat wave, although heat reduced growth and zooxanthellae density, irrespective of oxybenzone. A. tenuis survival was reduced to 0% at 32 °C, and oxybenzone accelerated mortality. Oxybenzone and heat significantly reduced photosynthetic yield in both species, causing a 5% and 22−33% decrease, respectively. In addition, combined oxybenzone and temperature stress altered the abundance of five bacterial families in the microbiome of S. pistillata. Our results suggest that oxybenzone adds insult to injury by further weakening corals in the face of global warming. Highlights ➢ Chronic effect study on corals combining oxybenzone and elevated temperature ➢ Oxybenzone affected photosystem II of coral photosymbionts and altered coral microbiome ➢ Temperature effects were stronger than oxybenzone effects ➢ Sensitivities were species-dependent ➢ Oxybenzone adds insult to injury by weakening corals in the face of global warming
Nitrogen partitioning between resorption and decomposition pathways : a trade-off between nitrogen use efficiency and litter decomposibility ?

The mineral nutrition of perennials depends to a large extent on internal recycling of nutrients. During leaf senescence, N is partitioned between the resorption and the decomposition pathway. High N resorption from leaves contributes to high leaf-level nitrogen use efficiency (NUE: productivity per unit N uptake), but leads to low litter N concentrations and vice versa. Litter nitrogen concentrations are often positively related to litter decomposibility. I tested the hypothesis that there is a trade-off between leaf-level NUE and leaf litter decomposibility. In an analysis of literature data (n=189) I found indeed that first-year decomposition constants (k-values) are negatively related to NUE. However, the percentage of variance explained by the regression model (24%) was relatively low. This was mainly due to the fact that in many low-productivity species both NUE and k were low. It is argued that this is caused by the presence of high concentrations of secondary compounds in low-productivity species. This correlates with a low NUE and a low decomposibility of the litter. The ultimate effect of this combination of low productivity (and thus low litter production), low NUE and low litter decomposibility may be a low rate of ecosystem N cycling. This may prevent the invasion of highly competitive species which are dependent on high N availability.
The Circadian Activity and Body Temperature Rhythms of Mice During Their Last Days of Life

Motor activity and body temperature rhythms have been investigated telemetrically in old mice until their death. The present paper is based mainly on the data of two animals which could be monitored over a sufficient length of time (more than three weeks), though the other three animals showed similar results. The daily body temperature rhythm of old mice was more stable as compared to the activity rhythm and was detectable until the last day of life. Its magnitude, defined as the difference between maximum and minimum, was similar to that obtained in middle-aged mice. By contrast, the activity rhythm disappeared or started to become erratic earlier. Unlike the position in younger animals, the body temperature rhythm was phase delayed with respect to the activity rhythm. In one mouse, the increased instability of the phase position two weeks before its death led to a free run with a period length of about 23.7 h. Both activity and temperature rhythms were fragmented in old mice. In the case of the body temperature this was obviously caused by masking. After purifying the raw temperatures, the fragmentation disappeared. On the other hand, the free-run condition was not caused by masking. The sensitivity of body temperature to motor activity was different from younger mice, and this probably reflects changes/deteriorations in the physiology of thermoregulation during the last days of life. In one mouse, during the last 4 days of life, a sharp, torpor-like decrease of body temperature corresponding with the time of the daily minimum was observed. This phenomenon was not found in other mice, though all of them died during the falling period of the temperature rhythm. The results confirm our hypothesis that the endogenous clock may work even during the very last days of life. The ability to synchronize with the periodic environment deteriorates earlier. Also they suggest that these phenomena are not only typical for the activity rhythm but apply also to the body temperature rhythm.
Reproductive migration of the coconut crab Birgus latro

Abstract: Knowledge of movement patterns is essential in tailoring spatial conservation and management measures. Although populations of the coconut crab, Birgus latro , have been severely depleted in most habitats, there have been few serious attempts to manage the resources. Recently, spatial conservation (e.g. seasonal area closure) has been suggested as an effective tool for resource management. However, relatively little is known about coconut crab move-ments, especially reproductive migration. To determine the dynamics of the reproductive migration of coconut crabs, we investigated both male and female migration patterns during the reproductive season in Hatoma Island, southwest of Japan. Both females and males migrated between inland and coastal areas during the reproductive season. Ob-served female seaward and landward migrations were temporally coincident with their reproductive activities (egg extrusion and larval hatching). Observed temporal-spatial distribution of males would be shaped by temporal varia-tions in expected future mating opportunities within the reproductive season and male reproductive strategy in re-sponse to these variations.
An integrated approach to improve effectiveness of industrial multi-factor statistical investigations

An approach was developed for computer statistical analysis of big, multi-dimensional arrays of technology parameters and industrial product quality indexes. It provides fully objective, mathematically comprehensive, scientifically grounded and physically interpretable description of the manufacturing factor effects on the performance of an industrial product. The approach integrates a basic Data Mining exploratory technique, multiple regression models construction and Monte-Carlo simulations. The approach was applied to industrial statistical arrays investigations for the ASTM A514 steel. The results obtained are in a good accordance with the known Material Science data and were confirmed in industry
Identification of New Sources of Resistance to Tan Spot, Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch, and Septoria Tritici Blotch of Wheat

Leaf spot of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North America consists of a group of diseases involving tan spot [Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. ], Stagonospora nodorum blotch [Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E.Miiller) Hedjarroude], and Septoria tritici blotch [Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckl) J. Schrot. in Cohn]. A complex of these diseases occurs in nature hence managing leaf spots is difficult. Use of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economical means of controlling leaf spot; however, none of the widely grown wheat cultivars in North America show high levels of resistance to these diseases. Hence, this study aimed to identify new sources of resistance to leaf spotting diseases. To achieve this objective, 975 accessions of wheat and its relatives were evaluated for P. tritici-repentis, race 1, resistance under controlled environments. Of these 975 accessions, 40 selected accessions were further screened against six virulent races (1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 11) of P. tritici-repentis and to foliar pathogens P. nodorum and M. graminicola. New sources of resistance effective against the three leaf spotting disease were identified in accessions of T. monococcum L. , T. turgidum L. , T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schiibler, T. dicoccoides (Korn. ex Asch and Graebner) Schweinf. , T. timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. , T. spelta L. , and T. aestivum L. including synthetic wheat. Resistance was observed in all three ploidy levels of the wheat genome and presently efforts are being made to transfer the leaf spot resistance into adapted wheat and durum cultivars.
Effects of long-term prescribed burning on the activity of select soil enzymes in an oak-hickory forest

In low-input or unmanaged ecosystems, the relationship between soil enzyme activity and plant biomass is expected and may be used as an early and sensitive indicator of soil productivity. This study was designed to (1) examine the long-term effects of burning on the activities of arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, α- and β-glucosidase, and urease; (2) determine the relationship between microbial biomass C and enzyme activities as affected by long-term prescribed burning; and (3) study the seasonal variations in activities of the above-mentioned enzymes. Soil samples (Typic Fragiudalf) were collected from southeastern Missouri where a long-term burning experiment was established in 1949. Treatments consisted of (1) annual burning; (2) periodic burning, every 4 years; and (3) control, unburned. Soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected before and after annual and periodic burning during 1992 and seasonally in 1993. Long-term burning treatments significantly reduced the activities of enzymes studied but did not af.
The taxonomic status of Leptognathus incertus Jan, 1863, with revalidation of Dipsas alternans (Fischer, 1885) (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

The dipsadine snake Leptognathus incertus was originally described from French Guiana and subsequently was restricted to the Atlantic Rain Forest in southeastern and south Brazil. We compare its original description with available data for Leptognathus alternans as well as with species of the genus Dipsas occurring in French Guiana. Leptognathus alternans is revalidated in the combination Dipsas alternans, representing the populations occurring in the Atlantic Rain Forest of southeastern and south Brazil. The neotype of L. alternans is designated and described. The taxonomic status of L. incertus is revised and, in the interest of stabilizing the nomenclature of this species, Dipsas copei is synonymized with L. incertus in the combination Dipsas incerta, corresponding to populations of the Guianan region. The holotype of L. copei is designated as the neotype of L. incertus. A serpente dipsadinea Leptognathus incertus foi descrita originalmente da Guiana Francesa e posteriormente restrita a Floresta Atlântica no sudeste e sul do Brasil. Comparamos sua descricao original com os dados disponiveis de Leptognathus alternans, bem como com especies do genero Dipsas que ocorrem na Guiana Francesa. Leptognathus alternans e revalidada sob a combinacao Dipsas alternans, representando as populacoes que ocorrem na Floresta Atlântica do sudeste e sul do Brasil. O neotipo de L. alternans e designado e descrito. O status taxonomico de L. incertus e revisado e, no interesse da estabilizacao da nomenclatura desta especie, Dipsas copei e sinonimizada com L. incertus sob a combinacao Dipsas incerta, correspondendo as populacoes da regiao das Guianas. O holotipo de L. copei e designado como o neotipo de L. incertus.
On the temporal development of nested subset patterns of species composition.

Certain assemblages of insular vertebrates exhibit nested subsets , where small biotas contain a nonrandom subset of the species in richer ones. As species are added to and removed from such communities via colonization and extinction, changes in the degree of nestedness can be expected. Such temporal changes were examined by comparing modern distributions of plants, arthropods, and various vertebrate groups with available historical records. The time scales for these comparisons ranged from post-glacial time periods to months and days. Nested subset patterns were found for various taxonomic groups, being especially marked in fragmented biotas thought to be shaped by local extinctions. However, several biotas assembled by colonization and/or dispersal also exhibited nested patterns. Comparisons of the same communities at different time periods generally showed little change in degree of nestedness . The prevalence of nested subset patterns in assemblages shaped by both extinction and colonization indicates that this type of structure may be a more general property of communities, rather that a specific attribute of islands undergoing biotic relaxation
Apparent digestibility of simplified and semi-simplified diets, with and without addition of enzymes, and nutritional value of fibrous sources for rabbits

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the digestibility of the nutrients of simplified and semi-simplified diets, with and without inclusion of exogenous enzymes and to determine the nutritional value of the fibrous sources. The tested feedstuffs were: alfalfa hay, hay from the upper third of the cassava foliage and cassava leaf meal, using a completely randomized design with 11 diets and 8 repetitions. The treatments were constituted of 1 reference diet, 2 simplified diets and 8 semi-simplified diets (4 enzymatic inclusion). The enzymes used were carbohydrases (alpha-galactosidase, galactomanose, xylanase and beta glucanase) and phytase. It was observed that the digestibility of the nutrients of the diets was influenced by the type of feed studied. Semi-simplified diets presented coefficients inferior to the reference diet and superior to the simplified diets. Exogenous enzymes promoted improvements in the digestibility of the dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein and gross energy. It was also observed that great part of the crude protein of the cassava leaf meal complexed, which depreciated the digestibility of diets with high inclusion of this ingredient. The nutritional value of fibrous sources was 1822.7 kcal digestible energy - DE/kgDM and 122,6 g digestible protein - DP/kg DM, for the hay from the upper third of the cassava foliage; 2232.5 kcalDE/kgDM and 155.4 gDP/kgDM for alfalfa hay and 1888.9 kcalDE/kgDM and 73.6 gDP/kgDM for the cassava leaf meal. With the exception of diets with elevated inclusion of cassava leaf meal, the semi-simplified diets presented satisfactory coefficients of digestibility improved by the enzymatic inclusion.
Dispersal and germination ofProsopis flexuosa(Fabaceae) seeds by desert mammals in Argentina

Abstract The ‘algarrobo’ Prosopis flexuosa is an important food resource in the Monte Desert of Argentina. Native, domestic, and exotic mammals consume the fruit of this legume and disperse the seed through faeces. In the present study we analyse the effect that different dispersal agents (cattle, horse, European wild boar, rodents, gray fox) have on seed damage, viability, and germination. Cattle increase germination at the expense of reduced viability, whereas horses maintain viability but do not contribute to a prompt germination response. Among native mammals, the gray fox maintains seed viability without increasing germination, whereas rodents affect seed viability but enhance germination rates. The European wild boar, however, damages all of the seeds it consumes.
Biochemical adaptation for cold hardiness in insects

Specific biochemical adaptations permit winter survival at subzero temperatures by both freeze-tolerant and freeze-avoiding insects. Common to both survival strategies is the accumulation of high concentrations of polyols, providing deep supercooling point depression for freeze-avoiding forms and regulating cell volume reduction during extracellular freezing in freeze-tolerant insects. Studies in my laboratory have elucidated the molecular mechanisms (temperature effects on enzyme properties, allosteric regulation, reversible protein phosphorylation) that control the massive conversion of glycogen to polyols and, in some species, regulate the differential synthesis of dual polyols. New studies have highlighted the importance of aerobic ATP production for glycerol biosynthesis, suggested the importance of microcompartmentation for optimal conversion efficiency, documented seasonal changes in the capacity for polyol synthesis versus reconversion to glycogen and analysed the role of protein phosphorylation in enzyme regulation during polyol synthesis.
The dual role of indicators in optimal fisheries management strategies

Rice, J. C. , and Rivard, D. 2007. The dual role of indicators in optimal fisheries management strategies. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 775-778.Indicators are used in two different ways in the assessment and advisory cycle. One is to audit performance of the management plan relative to achieving the objectives for the fishery. The second is to trigger control rules to manage the subsequent harvest. Traditionally, the assessment and management community has used spawning-stock biomass and fishing mortality for these functions, and as management strategies are being developed, generally continues to test the same indicators in both the audit and control functions. There is no reason to use the same indicators in both functions, and management of a few specialized commercial fisheries has recognized this, using different indicators in different roles for many years. That different indicators may be optimal for both roles presents a richer range of opportunities for exploring robust management strategies, and will be essential as ecosystem considerations and integrated management tools are included in assessment and management.