Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular toxicities: insights from preclinical and clinical studies

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a widely accepted and effective treatment for various types of solid tumors. Recent studies suggest that cardiovascular immune-related adverse events (irAEs) specifically have an incidence rate ranging from 1.14% to more than 5%. Myocarditis is the most common observed cardiovascular irAE. Others include arrhythmias, pericardial diseases, vasculitis, and a condition resembling takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) pathway, and the recently discovered lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) pathway, play a critical role in boosting the body’s natural immune response against cancer cells. While ICIs offer significant benefits in terms of augmenting immune function, they can also give rise to unwanted inflammatory side effects known as irAEs. The occurrence of irAEs can vary in severity, ranging from mild to severe, and can impact the overall clinical efficacy of these agents. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular irAE from both preclinical and clinical studies for a better understanding of cardiovascular irAE in clinical application.
Winter Coastal Divergence as a Predictor for the Minimum Sea Ice Extent in the Laptev Sea

Seasonal predictability of the minimum sea ice extent (SIE) in the Laptev Sea is investigated using winter coastal divergence as a predictor. From February to May, the new ice forming in wind-driven coastal polynyas grows to a thickness approximately equal to the climatological thickness loss due to summer thermodynamic processes. Estimating the area of sea ice that is preconditioned to melt enables seasonal predictability of the minimum SIE. Wintertime ice motion is quantified by seeding passive tracers along the coastlines and advecting them with the Lagrangian Ice Tracking System (LITS) forced with sea ice drifts from the Polar Pathfinder dataset for years 1992–2016. LITS-derived landfast ice estimates are comparable to those of the Russian Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute ice charts. Time series of the minimum SIE and coastal divergence show trends of −24.2% and +31.3% per decade, respectively. Statistically significant correlation ( r = −0.63) between anomalies of coastal divergence and the following September SIE occurs for coastal divergence integrated from February to the beginning of May. Using the coastal divergence anomaly to predict the minimum SIE departure from the trend improves the explained variance by 21% compared to hindcasts based on persistence of the linear trend. Coastal divergence anomalies correlate with the winter mean Arctic Oscillation index ( r = 0.69). LITS-derived areas of coastal divergence tend to underestimate the total area covered by thin ice in the CryoSat-2/SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) thickness dataset, as suggested by a thermodynamic sea ice growth model.
Comparative Analysis of Sleep Hygiene and Patterns among Adolescents in Two Russian Arctic Regions: A Pilot Study

Purpose: The circumpolar habitat stands as one of the most vulnerable environments for human activity and health. The primary study objective was to compare sleep-related factors, light exposure, social cues, and potential confounding variables among schoolchildren residing in the European Arctic region from two settlements situated below and above the Polar Circle using validated self-reported questionnaires. Materials and Methods: We recruited 94 children aged 13–15 years (40.4% males), matched by sex and age, from public educational institutions in two circumpolar settlements located below (Kem’, Republic of Karelia; 64.6 NL) and above the Polar Circle (Apatity, Murmansk Region; 67.3 NL). Participants completed several surveys, including the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale, and the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, to evaluate sleep parameters and chronotype. The χ2 test was used to test for differences between proportions. Linear regression and multiple regression models with co-factors were applied to assess the relationship between studied indicators. Results: A noteworthy increase in physical activity was observed in children residing in Kem’ compared to those in Apatity. Children from Apatity showed higher alcohol consumption than their counterparts from Kem’. The overall rate of excessive daytime sleepiness in the sample was 17.1%. Moderate insomnia symptoms were reported in 18.4% of adolescents living in Kem’ and in 25% of respondents living in Apatity, respectively. Notably, participants from Kem’ attained higher academic scores and had longer exposure to sunlight on schooldays. On the other hand, children from Apatity tended to have later bedtimes and sleep-onset times on schooldays. According to the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire data, a reliance on alarm clocks on schooldays, and a higher Sleep Stability Factor based on the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale. Discussion: Our study indicating that higher physical activity and longer sunlight exposure among Kem’ children on schooldays are associated with earlier wake-up times during schooldays, earlier bedtime whole week, reduced dependence on alarm clocks, and higher academic achievements. The results of older schoolchildren differ from many works published previously in the USA, Argentina, and Japan, which could be explained by the season when the study was performed. Here, we observed a negative impact on school performance and sleep parameters in children living in high latitudes, namely in circumpolar regions. Conclusions: Our study points out that adolescents living above the Polar Circle tend to have sleep problems, e.g., late sleep-onset times, higher excessive daytime sleepiness, and insomnia-related symptoms, because of experiencing reduced exposure to natural light. Future research encompassing assessments across all four seasons will provide a more comprehensive understanding.
Prédiction de la qualité de la viande de ruminants

Meat & Livestock Australia and Meat Standards Australia and INRA have organized an International meeting on Beef and Lamb carcass grading to underpin consumer satisfaction. The 2 day meeting consisted of 19 presentations centred on the theme that modern beef and lamb products must meet the expectations of consumers who purchase red meat to cook it as a meal solution. The focus was based around the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading platform which is designed as a sensory or eating quality grading system for underpinning a cooked meal performance that is matched to the occasion and requires no specialist knowledge by the consumer. This workshop unanimously supported the need for evidence based systems to underpin eating quality for lamb and beef in order to keep consumers purchasing products that are higher in price than the white meat competitors. Registrations were received from 80 people covering 17 countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Republic of Ireland, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States of America) creating a dynamic workshop atmosphere. In order to drive and focus the recommendations which were discussed at the end of the workshop, it was agreed to establish a working group of current collaborating countries that would be open with respect to new partners.
Accounting for sustainability: The challenge OF aligning SDG metrics at global, national and corporate levels

The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) marks the most significant qualitative step forward in the pursuit of sustainable development, surpassing all previous efforts in that direction. They comprehensively address humanity's most pressing global challenges. Anchored in the principle of equity, the SDGs cover, in a balanced manner, diverse issues faced by both developed and less developed nations, with the overarching ambition to fulfil the goal of "leaving no one behind" by 2030. Therefore, within the SDG framework, in addition to addressing issues related to poverty, hunger, inequality, and child abuse, the challenges faced by developed countries such as the uncontrolled consumption of natural resources, environmental pollution, including negative spillover effects on other, mostly less developed countries, are also considered. It is even more important that behind the sustainable development goals lies a strong commitment to their successful implementation. The complexity of this process is determined by the global character and diversity of the goals as well as the intertwined responsibilities of institutions at the global and regional levels, governments of individual countries, companies, and the wider public. Loose institutional mechanisms at higher levels only amplify the challenges. In this paper, the focus is on measuring and reporting not only the activities related to sustainable development but also the progress made in that process. The imperative for reporting arises from the requirements of managing the SDGs at the global, regional, and national levels, as well as the need to transfer significant responsibility to companies that play a pivotal role in their implementation. Different responsibilities in this process require tailored metrics, which are challenging to be established institutionally due to the variety of goals and issues. A particular problem lies in the lack of clear understanding of the relationships between global, national, and corporate reporting needs, making it challenging to find universally applicable solutions. The presence of multiple conceptual frameworks in the field of corporate sustainability reporting highlights the significant complexities inherent in this area. Bearing the aforementioned in mind, although the primary focus is on sustainability measurement and reporting, equal efforts are devoted to clarifying the connections between global, national, and corporate reporting, as their understanding is a key prerequisite for establishing a high-quality and coherent sustainability reporting system.
Solar Wind Properties During Juno's Approach to Jupiter: Data Analysis and Resulting Plasma Properties Utilizing a 1‐D Forward Model

The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment ion sensor (JADE‐I) on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Juno mission measured solar wind ions for ≈40 days prior to the spacecraft's arrival at Jupiter, simultaneous with numerous telescope observations of the Jovian aurora. JADE‐I is a thermal plasma time‐of‐flight instrument designed to measure Jovian auroral and magnetospheric ions. This study provides a solar wind parameter data set for the approach phase that may be used in coordinated studies with remote measurements of the Jovian aurora, to compare with models that propagate solar wind conditions from Earth and to apply to Jovian bow shock or magnetopause models. While multiple bow shock crossings were predicted during Juno's approach, there was only one observed suggesting a compressed magnetosphere that was shrinking as Juno approached. However, the calculated ram pressure at the bow shock was near the median value of those 40 days, rather than being in an upper percentile.
Optimization of breeding schemes for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in smallholder production systems in Kenya

The aim of this thesis was to develop a sustainable low cost breeding program for Nile tilapia that addresses both genetic and economic aspects of smallholder fish farmers in Kenya. First, Analytical Hierarchy Process Technique was used to define a breeding goal based on farmer’s preferences for traits. Farmers’ preferences for traits differed significantly depending on income and market orientation. Low and medium income farmers preferred harvest weight (HW) while high income farmers preferred growth (GR) and survival (S) traits. Grouping farmers according to market objective (fingerling production or fattening) showed that fingerling producers preferred GR and S while fattening farmers preferred HW and S. Consensus preference values were obtained using weighted goal programming and these values were used to derive desired gains for a breeding goal that takes into account farmers’ diverse backgrounds and preferences for traits. Secondly, the existence of genetic variation for traits of interest was investigated. Substantial additive genetic effects for HW, GR and shape traits were present that can be exploited through selection under low input production system. Heritability estimates for HW, GR and shape were 0.21 ± 0.03, 0.26 ± 0.04 and 0.12 ± 0.03 for mixed sex (nucleus) respectively. The calculation of economic values for breeding goal traits revealed that economic values for GR differed depending on the definition of the breeding goal and that selection for feed efficiency is the key factor to economic profitability of Nile tilapia breeding programs. A significant genotype by environment re-ranking was found for GR between the mixed sex nucleus and monosex production environments. Genotype by environment interaction (G x E) led to lower genetic gain for GR in production environment. Incorporating sib information from monosex production environment into the selection index resulted in a more accurate estimation of breeding values which increased genetic gain in growth. Using desired gain approach, weights for desired gains in harvest weight, growth rate and survival were derived that maximized genetic gains for these breeding goal traits. It is concluded that these results can be used to develop a sustainable centralized breeding program. However, a reliable well planned and organized decentralized strategy for dissemination of genetically improved fry of Nile tilapia to farmers is paramount.
The development and preliminary validation of the Core Competencies for Employment Scale (CCES)

Past authors produced a framework to outline the core competencies needed for employment in the 21 st-century workforce. However, this framework was not implemented for developing personalised educational plans to nurture competencies in students. This study developed and validated the Core Competencies for Employment Scale (CCES) to identify core competencies that final-year students should develop to become employable in the 21 st century. The sample included 521 final-year undergraduate students , who assessed their possession of 24 core competencies and their perceptions of how employers value them. Differences in scores in these two assessments helped gauge the areas of core competencies improvement. Exploratory factor analysis grouped the 24 competencies into four factors: Skills, Capacity for Change, General Literacy, and Digital Literacy. The four-factor structure was confirmed. The study concluded that the CCES can help educators identify core competencies that students should develop before employment.
Language Maintenance: The Case of Modern Standard Arabic Among Bilinguals

This study explores how Jordanians, especially bilinguals, can maintain the usage of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Despite the importance of this topic, it is a fairly unaddressed area of research in the Arabic context in general and Jordan in particular. The study contributes to knowledge by raising the awareness of Jordanians and authorities about the means necessary to maintain the usage of MSA among Jordanians. Data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 50 Jordanian linguists and thematically analysed. The results revealed that many factors could contribute to the maintenance of MSA, including education systems, governmental policies, society, the media, and international relations. Specific actions to maintain MSA might include designing language policies in favour of MSA across different sectors; obtaining official recognition and social support; encouraging the dedication and motivation of educationalists, language specialists, and individuals; and raising awareness of the value of MSA. The study concludes with pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.
A Geomagnetic Paleointensity Record of 0.6 to 3.2 Ma From Sediments in the Western Equatorial Pacific and Remanent Magnetization Lock‐In Depth

Information of past geomagnetic intensity variations is important for better understanding of the geodynamo, and efforts to recover continuous paleointensity records continue, in particular for ages older than 2 Ma. In this study, a new relative paleointensity (RPI) record of 0.6 to 3.2 Ma was obtained from a sediment core in the western equatorial Pacific, which has good age control by the oxygen isotope stratigraphy from 2.0 to 3.2 Ma. The RPI record could well be correlated to existing RPI templates despite the low sedimentation rate of ~5 m/Ma and will be useful for future construction of a stacked paleointensity curve beyond 2 Ma. Magnetic minerals of the core consist mainly of biogenic and terrigenous oxidized magnetite. Some rock magnetic contamination to long‐term RPI changes is recognized; RPI inversely correlates with the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization to saturation remanent magnetization, which may be caused by differences in remanence acquisition efficiency between the biogenic and terrigenous magnetic components. The lock‐in depth of the studied core is estimated to be approximately 0 from a line of evidence including no apparent offset between RPI and cosmogenic beryllium nuclide flux changes across some polarity boundaries. Lock‐in depths vary locally from core to core or even within a single core and have no obvious relation with sedimentation rates and carbonate contents. Lock‐in depths may be controlled by factors that are currently difficult to be evaluated, such as variations in sediment flocculation sizes and biogeochemical remanent magnetization dependent to chemical conditions of sediments.
Metric-Dependent Tendency of Tropical Belt Width Changes during the Last Glacial Maximum

Motivated by studies of tropical expansion under modern global warming, the behavior of the tropical belt during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) relative to the preindustrial period has been investigated in this study, using simulations from phase 3 of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) under the framework of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The tropical belt width changes determined by multiple metrics present two opposite tendencies. One refers to the poleward migration of the tropical edge as measured by the steep tropopause gradient and the subtropical jet, and the other suggests that the LGM tropics become narrower as measured by the Hadley cell extent, the eddy-driven jet, and the latitude where precipitation minus evaporation equals zero. The magnitude of such changes widely differs across models and metrics. In absolute terms, the multimodel mean total width changes range from 0.6° to 1.7° among metrics, with contributions predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the two metrics that indicate tropical widening are located in the upper troposphere. Such widening is closely related to the vertical and meridional temperature gradient changes in the subtropical regions. The other metrics are located in the middle and lower troposphere, and their variations are directly or indirectly related to changes in the low-level baroclinicity. The diverse responses of metrics to the LGM boundary conditions suggest that the tropical belt width changes and their climatic impacts are distinguished by the different measurements. The selection of metrics should correspond to the specific tropical properties of concern.
Electron density variability of nighttime D region ionosphere in Vietnamese and Japanese sectors

Recording tweek atmospherics on geomagnetically quiet days in 2014 at Tay Nguyen University (TNU) (12.65°N, 108.02°E), Vietnam, and at Kagoshima (KAG) (31.48°N, 130.72°E), Japan, we investigated the nighttime electron density variability of the D region ionosphere between the equatorial‐low‐latitude Vietnamese and the low‐ to middle‐latitude Japanese sectors. We estimated the reflection height and electron density of the D region ionosphere using the first‐order mode cutoff frequency of tweek atmospherics. The results observed at both stations show that the mean electron density at the reflection height during winter season was higher than that during summer and equinox seasons. The electron density observed at TNU gradually decreased from 20:15 to 4:15 LT from winter to equinox and to summer. The electron density observed at KAG increased from 20:20 to 4:20 LT during summer and winter seasons. The mean electron density during 2014 observed at TNU (25.0 cm−3) was higher by 2.1 cm−3 than that observed at KAG (22.9 cm−3). During 2014, the nighttime electron density variations show a moderate positive correlation with the sunspot number but show weak to no correlation with the galactic cosmic rays. We suggest that the seasonal variations in the nighttime electron density could be significantly caused by the enhancement of geocoronal hydrogen Lyman α intensity and seasonal variation of nitric oxide density in the lower ionosphere.
Full Characterisation of Heroin Samples Using Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration

The analysis of heroin samples, before use in the protected environment of user centra, could be a supplementary service in the context of harm reduction. Infrared spectroscopy hyphenated with multivariate calibration could be a valuable asset in this context, and therefore 125 heroin samples were collected directly from users and analysed with classical chromatographic techniques. Further, Mid-Infrared spectra were collected for all samples, to be used in Partial Least Squares (PLS) modelling, in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative models based on real live samples. The approach showed that it was possible to identify and quantify heroin in the samples based on the collected spectral data and PLS modelling. These models were able to identify heroin correctly for 96% of the samples of the external test set with precision, specificity and sensitivity values of 100.0, 75.0 and 95.5%, respectively. For regression, a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.04 was obtained, pointing at good predictive properties. Furthermore, during mass spectrometric screening, 10 different adulterants and impurities were encountered. Using the spectral data to model the presence of each of these resulted in performant models for seven of them. All models showed promising correct-classification rates (between 92 and 96%) and good values for sensitivity, specificity and precision. For codeine and morphine, the models were not satisfactory, probably due to the low concentration of these impurities as a consequence of acetylation. For methacetin, the approach failed.
Domain wall problem in the quantum XXZ chain and semiclassical behavior close to the isotropic point

We study the dynamics of a spin-\frac{1}{2}12 XXZ chain which is initially prepared in a domain-wall state. We compare the results of time-dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group simulations with those of an effective description in terms of a classical anisotropic Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation. Numerous quantities are analyzed: magnetization (xx, yy and zz components), energy density, energy current, but also some spin-spin correlation functions or entanglement entropy in the quantum chain. Without any adjustable parameter a quantitative agreement is observed between the quantum and the LL problems in the long time limit, when the models are close to the isotropic point. This is explained as a consequence of energy conservation. At the isotropic point the mapping between the LL equation and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is used to construct a variational solution capturing several aspects of the problem.