Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Technology and Analysis of Nanoparticles of Barium Hexaferrite for Creation of Magnetically Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

Introduction. The present research was focus to assess the possibilities of the chemical condensation as a method of synthesis of barium hexaferrite nanoparticles for their use in pharmaceutical drugs with magnetic properties. Materials and Methods: For preparation of barium hexaferrite nanoparticles chemical condensation method. Based on the results of previous studies, the methodology of the synthesis and technology has been established. The reaction has been conducted by using solutions of the corresponding metal cations in an alkaline medium. Results and Discussion: Transmission electron microscopy photo shows that the particles of the experimental sample had a plate-shaped hexagonal shape. Most of the particles of the system had a form approximate to the isometric, so for such particles the diameter parameter is twice as large as the thickness (d/h ~2). Synthesized particles do not exceed the upper limit of the single-domain in morphology of a diameter can be used as an object of investigation in a wide range of temperatures and MF parameters such as magnetic properties, interparticle magnetic interaction, and deviation from stoichiometry and physicochemical state of the surface. Conclusion: By the method of chemical condensation the barium hexaferrite nanoparticles with an average particle size <d>= 450 nm and high magnetization σs = 64 Аm/kg have been synthesized on the basis of which a magnetically controlled X-ray contrast mediums has been developed.
An Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Accurate Severe vs Non-severe COVID-19 Clinical Type Classification

Effectively and efficiently diagnosing COVID-19 patients with accurate clinical type is essential to achieve optimal outcomes of the patients as well as reducing the risk of overloading the healthcare system. Currently, severe and non-severe COVID-19 types are differentiated by only a few clinical features, which do not comprehensively characterize complicated pathological, physiological, and immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 invasion in different types. In this study, we recruited 214 confirmed COVID-19 patients in non-severe and 148 in severe type, from Wuhan, China. The patients' comorbidity and symptoms (26 features), and blood biochemistry (26 features) upon admission were acquired as two input modalities. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that these features differed substantially between two clinical types. Machine learning random forest (RF) models using features in each modality were developed and validated to classify COVID-19 clinical types. Using comorbidity/symptom and biochemistry as input independently, RF models achieved >90% and >95% predictive accuracy, respectively. Input features' importance based on Gini impurity were further evaluated and top five features from each modality were identified (age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, gender, diabetes; D-Dimer, hsTNI, neutrophil, IL-6, and LDH). Combining top 10 multimodal features, RF model achieved >99% predictive accuracy. These findings shed light on how the human body reacts to SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a unity and provide insights on effectively evaluating COVID-19 patient's severity and developing treatment plans accordingly. We suggest that symptoms and comorbidities can be used as an initial screening tool for triaging, while biochemistry and features combined are applied when accuracy is the priority.
Interim Analysis of Risk Factors for Severe Outcomes among a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults Identified through the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)

Background: As of May 15, 2020, the United States has reported the greatest number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths globally. Objective: To describe risk factors for severe outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Design: Cohort study of patients identified through the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. Setting: 154 acute care hospitals in 74 counties in 13 states. Patients: 2491 patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during March 1-May 2, 2020. Measurements: Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and underlying medical conditions. Results: Ninety-two percent of patients had at least 1 underlying condition; 32% required intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 19% invasive mechanical ventilation; 15% vasopressors; and 17% died during hospitalization. Independent factors associated with ICU admission included ages 50-64, 65-74, 75-84 and 85+ years versus 18-39 years (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.53, 1.65, 1.84 and 1.43, respectively); male sex (aRR 1.34); obesity (aRR 1.31); immunosuppression (aRR 1.29); and diabetes (aRR 1.13). Independent factors associated with in-hospital mortality included ages 50-64, 65-74, 75-84 and 85+ years versus 18-39 years (aRR 3.11, 5.77, 7.67 and 10.98, respectively); male sex (aRR 1.30); immunosuppression (aRR 1.39); renal disease (aRR 1.33); chronic lung disease (aRR 1.31); cardiovascular disease (aRR 1.28); neurologic disorders (aRR 1.25); and diabetes (aRR 1.19). Race/ethnicity was not associated with either ICU admission or death. Limitation: Data were limited to patients who were discharged or died in-hospital and had complete chart abstractions; patients who were still hospitalized or did not have accessible medical records were excluded. Conclusion: In-hospital mortality for COVID-19 increased markedly with increasing age. These data help to characterize persons at highest risk for severe COVID-19-associated outcomes and define target groups for prevention and treatment strategies.
Artificial infection by endophytes affects growth and mycorrhizal colonisation of Lolium perenne.

Fungal endophytes of the Clavicipitaceae live in aboveground parts of many grasses of temperate regions. Seedlings of two different cultivars of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. , were artificially infected with one of two endophytes, Epichloë typhina and Neotyphodium lolii, or mock infected. The seedlings were then grown in a mixture of vermiculite and sand in the presence or absence of an inoculum of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Sclerocystis sp.). Ten weeks later, the plants were harvested and analysed with respect to mycorrhizal colonisation and shoot and root biomass. Endophyte-infected plants showed a significant decrease of mycorrhizal colonisation. This decrease was in some cases correlated with alterations of growth. Depending on the endophyte strains and on the mycorrhizal status, shoot-root biomass ratios were significantly affected. For both L. perenne cultivars, arbuscular mycorrhiza formation led to a higher shoot-root biomass ratio in N. lolii-infected plants and, conversely, to a lower shoot-root ratio in E. typhina-infected plants. These results indicate that effects of endophytes may be enhanced or counterbalanced in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
The Unequal Effects of Covid-19 on Economists' Research Productivity

The current lock-down measures are expected to disproportionately reduce women's labor productivity in the short run. This paper analyzes the effects of these measures on economists' research productivity. We explore the patterns of working papers publications using data from the NBER Working Papers Series, the CEPR Discussion Paper Series, the newly established research repository Covid Economics: Vetted and Real Time Papers and VoxEU columns. Our analysis suggests that although the relative number of female authors in non-pandemic related research has remained stable with respect to recent years (at around 20%), women constitute only 12% of total number of authors working on COVID-19 research. Moreover, we see that it is primarily senior economists who are contributing to this new area. Mid-career and junior economists record the biggest gap between non-COVID and COVID research, and the gender di erences are particularly stark at the mid-career level. Mid-career female economists have not yet started working on this new research area: only 12 mid-career female authors have contributed to COVID-19 related research so far, out of a total of 647 distinct authors in our dataset of papers (NBER, CEPR and CEPR Covid Economics).
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF BOLEOPHTHALMUS BODDARTI IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM

Boleophthalmusboddarti has been increasingly being fished, but littleis knownabout its population dynamics. This study aims to providesome basic parameters of its population biology used for fishery management. A total of 1702 individualscollected by deep gill net along the mudflat in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, from March 2013 to February 2014.Data analysis showed that the male to female B. boddartiratio was nearly 1:1.The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth function fitting to the length frequency data were L∞= 16.8 cm, K = 0.79 yr-1 and t0 = –0.24 yr-1. The longevity (tmax) and the growth performance (Φ’) were 3.55 yrs and 2.35, respectively. The fishing mortality (F = 0.30 yr-1) and natural mortality (M = 1.83 yr-1) amounted for 14.1% and 85.9% of the total mortality (Z = 2.13 yr-1), respectively. There were two recruitment peaks separated by an interval of 6 months and relative yield-per-recruit and biomass-per-recruit analyses gave Emax = 0.737, E0.1 = 0.618 and E0.5 = 0.348. This study reported that this mudskipper could be potential for future aquaculture due to high growth constant (K), and the local government should require fisherman to change the deep gill net mesh size for the future sustainable exploitation and development.
Assessing the effectiveness of conservation management decisions: likely effects of new protection measures for Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori)

1. Fisheries bycatch affects many species of marine mammals, seabirds, turtles and other marine animals. 2. New Zealand's endemic Hector's dolphins overlap with gillnet and trawl fisheries throughout their geographic range. The species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. In addition, the North Island subspecies has been listed as Critically Endangered. 3. Estimates of catch rates in commercial gillnets from an observer programme (there are no quantitative estimates of bycatch by amateur gillnetters or in trawl fisheries) were used in a simple population viability analysis to predict the impact of this fishery under three scenarios: Option (A) status-quo management, (B) new regulations announced by the Minister of Fisheries in 2008 and (C) total protection. 4. Uncertainty in estimates of population size and growth rate, number of dolphins caught and other model inputs are explicitly included in the analysis. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to examine the effect of variation in catch rate and the extent to which fishing effort is removed from protected areas but displaced to unprotected areas. 5. These methods are applicable to many other situations in which animals are removed from populations, whether deliberately (e.g. fishing) or not (e.g. bycatch). 6. The current Hector's dolphin population is clearly depleted, at an estimated 27% of the 1970 population. Population projections to 2050 under Options A and B predict that the total population is likely to continue declining. In the case of Option B this is driven mainly by continuing bycatch due to the much weaker protection measures on the South Island west coast. 7. Without fishing mortality (Option C) all populations are projected to increase, with the total population approximately doubling by 2050 and reaching half of its 1970 population size in just under 40 years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional and translational regulation of defense enzymes induced by neem fruit extract in tomato

Fruit extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) induces defense response through enhanced activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POX) along with isoenzymes of PPO and POX in tomato. The increase in PAL, POX activity and induction of specific isoenzymes of acidic PPO, POX and basic POX by neem fruit extract were completely inhibited due to pre-treatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Their activation was found to be time course-dependent. Synergistic enhancement of TAL activity by neem extract was observed when plants were pre-treated with cycloheximide, whereas similar observations were made for PPO activity by neem extract when plants were pre-treated with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. These results suggest that the enhanced activities of defense enzymes and altered isoenzyme patterns of PPO and POX by neem extract was regulated at both transcriptional and translational levels which may contribute to the induction of defense responses in tomato.
A dynamic model of nutrient pathways, growth, and body composition in fish

The growth and body composition of an organism are dynamic and depend on available diet, as well as other environmental variables. A structured model is described predicting growth, body composition, and the first limit- ing amino acid for a variety of feeding regimes over a relatively long time scale. This model continuously provides, as a function of time, the flow of nutrients and metabolites through the principal metabolic pathways leading to tissue growth. Measurements of growth and whole body composition (including amino acid composition) from a large-scale experiment with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been employed to calibrate this model. Comparisons of simula- tions with the results of feeding experiments validate the predictive ability of the model. These types of simulations will be valuable in studying the quantitative relationships between intracellular energy levels and nutrient distribution in tissues. They will also provide data for balancing diet composition and amino acid profile in order to optimize growth with respect to factors such as body weight, body composition, and ambient temperature. As a result of its modularity, the model can be easily extended to include additional physiological and metabolic processes. Resume : La croissance et la composition corporelle d'un organisme sont des processus dynamiques qui dependent du regime alimentaire disponible, ainsi que d'autres variables du milieu. Nous decrivons un modele structure qui predit la croissance, la composition corporelle et le premier acide amine limitant pour une variete de regimes alimentaires sur une periode de temps relativement longue. Le modele fournit de maniere continue en fonction du temps le flux des nu- triments et des metabolites en suivant la voie metabolique principale qui mene a la croissance des tissus. Pour calibrer notre modele, nous utilisons des mesures de croissance et de composition corporelle globale (incluant la composition en acides amines) provenant d'une experience a grande echelle menee sur le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar). Une comparaison des simulations et des resultats d'experiences alimentaires permet de valider la capacite de prediction du modele. Les simulations de ce type sont precieuses pour etudier les relations quantitatives entre les niveaux d'energie intracellulaire et la repartition des nutriments dans les tissus. Elles fournissent aussi des donnees pour equilibrer la composition des regimes alimentaires et les profils d'acides amines de facon a maximiser la croissance en relation avec des facteurs tels que la masse corporelle, la composition corporelle et la temperature ambiante. Parce qu'il est modu- laire, notre modele peut facilement etre elargi pour inclure des processus physiologiques et metaboliques additionnels. (Traduit par la Redaction) Bar et al. 1682
New records of marine Marionina (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Pacific Northeast, with a description of Marionina klaskisharum sp. nov.

Four species of the enchytraeid oligochaete genus Marionina from intertidal habitats are added to the British Columbia species list: Marionina klaskisharum sp. nov., M. nevisensis (Righi and Kanner, 1979), M. southerni Cernosvitov, 1937, and M. glandulifera (Jansson, 1960). Marionina nevisensis is asetate; M. klaskisharum has setal bundles ventrally in II to V, each represented by a single seta; M. glandulifera has only ventral, bisetate setal bundles; and M. southerni has lateral and ventral bisetate bundles in all segments except laterally in II. Marionina nevisensis is elevated from a subspecies of M. achaeta Lasserre, 1964 because of structural differences of their spermathecae and seminal vesicles. The ranges of M. charlottensis Coates, 1980 and M. nevisensis Coates, 1980 are extended, respectively, south to northern California and to include the entire British Columbia coastline.
A New Report of the ZZ/ZW Sex Chromosome System in the Genus Triportheus (Pisces, Triporthinae)

In the present study six specimens of Triportheus paranaensis from the Parana river, in Corrientes (Argentina) were analyzed. All the specimens showed 2n=52 chromosomes with a karyotype formula composed of 24 M +22 SM +4 ST +ZZ (M/M) in males or ZW (M/SM) in females. The constitutive heterochromatin pattern was similar to those of other Triportheus species previously analyzed. Two chromosome pairs with NORs were detected. One of these is located in the telomeric region of a metacentric chromosome pair. This position was unreported for any other Triportheus species, constituting a chromosome marker for the species. The comparative analysis between our results and the available in the literature suggests that the karyotype diversification of the group would have mainly produced by chromosome pericentric inversions and translocations. These structural changes in addition to duplications and translocations of the nucleolar organizer regions, could have modified the karyotype formula preserving the diploid chromosome number.
Evaluation of endemic leguminous forage shrubs from the Canary Islands. 2 Mineral composition

Abstract From 1999 to 2000 four leguminous shrub species endemic from the Canary Islands (Spain): Chamaecytisus palmensis (tagasaste), Teline canariensis, Teline osyrioides sericea and Teline osyrioides osyrioides were studied as a source of animal forage in two different experiments. One experiment was carried out on a crop planted at a density of 5142 shrubs/ha, located in La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain) at 550 m a.s. l. , with an annual rainfall between 338 and 562 mm. The other experiment was carried out on self‐sown populations of the same species in their natural habitat on Tenerife Island. Seasonal variation of the concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn and Cu were studied in the edible dry matter of the four cultivated populations; cuts were made at the end of each season. The shrubs studied had adequate levels of K, Ca, Na and Zn for good animal nutrition. Mg levels were adequate in only Chamaecytisus palmensis. Mn levels were adequate in all populations except for the cultivated population of Teline osyrioides sericea. Phosphorus levels fulfilled the animals’ requirements in autumn and winter in only Chamaecytisus palmensis. All the cultivated species had Cu levels too low to fulfil the animals’ requirements.
Sediment oxygen consumption and benthic nutrient fluxes on the Louisiana continental shelf: A methodological comparison

There has been considerable discussion but little experimental evidence regarding the comparability of in-situ and remote (shipboard or laboratory) incubations for the determination of sediment oxygen consumption and benthic nutrient flux rates. This paper presents the results of such a comparison, using in situ chamber and shipboard chemostatic systems, for a shallow station on the Louisiana, continental shelf during April 1992. Results indicated no methodological differences between rates of sediment oxygen consumption and nutrient flux (NH4+, NO5−, NO2−, PO43−, and SiO2/Si(OH)2) that could be attributed to the removal of cores from shelf sediments. This conclusion implies that subcoring from box cores is no more destructive of sediment structure and salient environmental characteristics than chamber emplacement. Differences between the methods occurred when ambient oxygen concentrations were low (<2 ml l−1). These differences were caused by initial reaeration of bottom water in the shipboard system and reflect the sensitivity of heterotrophic metabolism, dissolution kinetics, and diffusive fluxes to low oxygen concentrations. The differences in exchange rates observed in this study reiterate the importance in maintaining ambient conditions in the experimental apparatus. The results of this study corroborate the small body of, data that addresses this issue and extends methodological similarities to include nutrient exchanges. Given the comparability of rates, use of remote chemostatic systems is more advantageous for work in shelf environments than in-situ batch methods due to increased statistical rigor, logistical convenience, and the ability to minimize changes in experimental conditions during incubations.
Short- and long-term effects of soil solarization and crop sequence on Fusarium wilt and yield of cotton in Israel.

Etude sur un cycle de culture et sur 3 cycles des effets du rechauffement du sol par le rayonnement solaire par l'intermediaire d'un mulch plastique ainsi que des effets de la sequence culturale sur le pathogene, les plantes, le developpement de la fusariose
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE TRAINING TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL FITNESS IN OVERWEIGHT MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN

Middle aged females are the main culprits who suffer with obesity, may be, due to hormonal imbalance due to menopausal stage. Obesity is a complication which is actually reason behind other pathophysiological conditions. Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, CHD, type 2 diabetes, and sleep apnea, gynaecological abnormalities in females, osteoarthritis gall bladder stone are some of them. Although physical exercise could be main component for the weight loss therapy but helpful in achieving the improvement in cardiovascular function, muscle strength. Physical exercises of varied intensities with controlled diet can lead to multiple positive impacts on health. Intense physical exercise resulted in increase the carbohydrate and fat oxidation.
LIFE-CYCLES AND ECOLOGY OF WILLOW BEETLES ON SALIX VIMINALIS IN ENGLAND

Summary The life-cycles of three willow beetle pests, Phratora (= Phyllodecta) vulgatissima, Phratora (=Phyllodeeta) vitellinae and Galerucella lineola (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), were investigated during 1994–95 in a plantation of short-rotation coppiced willows (Salix viminalis cv. Bowles Hybrid) at Long Ashton, Bristol, UK. The P. vulgatissima had one generation during the year. Overwintered adults emerged from hibernation in April and after a short feeding period, copulation and egg-laying occurred. Larval stages were found from May–July. The new generation of adult beetles appeared in July–August and fed for a while before hibernating. Hibernating adults were found in hedgerows around the site and in the plantation on willow stools and ground vegetation. Dispersal of adult beetles between feeding and overwintering sites appeared to be fairly localized. Hence, crop management strategies that reduce the potential for overwintering in and around plantations may help to minimize spring re-invasion and damage. Although based on limited observations, the biology of P. vitellinae and G. lineola appeared similar to that of P. vulgatissima. However, there is evidence in the literature that both these species, unlike the latter, can have a partial second generation in some years. The potential effect of insect herbivory on the growth and biomass yield of S. viminalis cv. Bowles Hybrid was investigated experimentally by artificial hand-defoliation of pot-grown plants. Yield losses were strongly correlated with the amount and time of defoliation. Results indicated that even slight or moderate damage by insect herbivores could have a significant impact on the biomass productivity of coppiced willows.