Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting Insights on Use of Force by Police in Encounters through Topological Data Analysis of Body-Worn Camera Video Datasets

Objectives: This study introduces topological data analysis (TDA) for exploring complex datasets in criminology by exploring patterns of police use of force from annotated body-worn camera data on police interactions. Methods: Data from 288 police-community interactions totaling over 33 hours of footage were annotated, including 70 incidents where officers used some level of force. TDA, making use of the Mapper algorithm and associated visualizations, is used to identify patterns, by race, gender and citizen behavior, of when and how police applied force during these interactions. The Mapper algorithm has the ability to identify subsets of the input dataset, i.e., subpopulations, that behave distinctly from the rest of the population. It simplifies high-dimensional data into visual forms that still reveal significant structural aspects, making this algorithm distinct from traditional data analysis techniques. Results: The TDA models were stable over a range of parameter values and demonstrated how substantively meaningful patterns can be extracted from complex data. Our specific results suggest that there may be important configurations of gender, race, and behavior which help explain whether, when, and how police use force. Conclusions: TDA provides researchers with a valuable tool that is subject to fewer assumptions and restrictions than many other approaches to help identify and visualize meaningful patterns within complex data. In the context of this study, our results highlight the need to study police-community interactions as complex processes and to be cautious of simplistic explanations for use of force behaviors.
WHO EMRO | Predictive factors of death in patients with tuberculosis: a nested case–control study

Tuberculosis is one of the main causes of death worldwide. This study aimed to determine predictive factors for death in patients with tuberculosis to set priorities for public heath interventions to reduce mortality in these patients. This nested case–control study was carried out in Mazandaran province of Islamic Republic of Iran among tuberculosis patients who were treated during 2002–2009. Each deceased patient was individually matched with a control patient according to sex, age, area of involvement and time of follow-up. Potential risk factors
Representing cloud-aerosol interactions in GCMs

Aerosol-cloud interactions still constitute the largest uncertainty in terms of radiative forcing or adjusted forcing since pre-industrial times. Here, I present some of the progress that has occurred since the fourth assessment report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and discuss some of the reasons for it.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced by Viruses: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects In Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville)

Objective: To determinate the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of hepatocellular induced by virus at Pointe Noire. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place in the cancer department of the general hospital of loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, for a duration of 6 years. Have been included in our study: All patients diagnosed with hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with viral etiology B and/or C or both viruses. The variables studied were: Sociodemographic parameters: age, sex, level of study. Clinical parameters: telltale sign, tumor size, number of tumors, the stage of extension according to Barcelona liver Cancer Clinic (BLCC) classification. The level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP), viral etiology. The type of treatment. Bivariate analysis was done between size of tumor and the level of AFP. Results: At the end of our study, 37 files of Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients fulfilling the criteria of inclusions were collected. The average age was 40.15 ± 14.40 years old. The extremes were 21 years and 70 years old. The most represented age group was the age group from 31 years to 40 years in 32% of cases. Men were most represented than women with respectively the rate of 59% and 41%. The most represented level of study was the primary level in 43% of cases. The telltale sign most represented was hepatomegaly in 73% of. The size of tumor was more than 5 cm in 81% of cases. Most of patients had single tumor in 81%. Most of the patient had a level of alpha fetoprotein more than 400 ng/ml in 86% of cases. The most represented viral etiology of hepatocellular Carcinoma was hepatitis B in 46% of cases. The most represented stage of extension was advanced stage of the Barcelona liver Cancer Clinic (BLCC) in 62.16% of cases. The most represented treatment was supportive therapy in 86% of cases, only 14% of patients received a specific treatment. The bivariate analysis between the tumor size and the level of alpha fetoprotein showed that there was relationship p<5%. Conclusion: HCC is one of the increasing major health problems in both developing and developed countries. The most important risk factor is cirrhosis which is mainly due to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Thus, much effort should be put into the field of prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis infections and chronic liver disease. Screening programs should be done to get rid of the problem, and most importantly, there must be an acceptable and effective therapy for HCC. ISSN 2639-8478 Research Article Citation: Ngatali Christian F.S, Boumba A.L. M, Ebatetou A, et al. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced by Viruses: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects In Pointe Noire (Congo Brazzaville). Cancer Sci Res. 2020; 3(1); 1-5.
Kampung Dolly towards Sustainable Senior Housing

Tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing sectors and is a major source of income for many countries. While tourism development in a sphere of urban housing renewal is necessary through a sustainability concept approach because it becomes a way to minimize the existence of problems that can reemerged in the post of urban housing renewal. Traditional settlements in Indonesia that also be called as Kampungs are potential to be developed into one of many tourism destinations. One of them is Dolly Kampung, which once was a prostitution or red light area that established since 1960’s and being the largest prostitution in South East Asia. Because of prostitution business is contrary to the prevailing norms in Indonesia, prostitution activity in Dolly kampung is closed by the City Government in June 2014. But after the closement of the prostitution activity in Dolly kampung, there are a big decline in the amount of residents’ income. Prostitution activity which was being the central economic activity for residents was dismissed, so the residents suffer from the significant income degradation because the majority of economic activities there depend on prostitution activity. Several government programs were established there to lift up the Dolly kampung’s economic, such as micro enterprises business like batik production, shoes production, and also food production that engage the local residents but it doesn’t effectively work to replace economic activity like prostitution business ever did. One alternative to develop Dolly’s kampung is to build Senior Housing area. This is because of several reasons, for environmental reason, Dolly Senior Housing can accomodate the reused existing brothel building that have abandoned because of the closement of Dolly’s prostitution activity. With several physical improvement, ex brothel building can be improved to be a more decent function as senior housing. For social reason, Dolly’s senior housing can lift up new positive image of Dolly’s kampung, and also accomodate the abandoned elders all around Surabaya and being one of thematic kampung in Surabaya. While for economic reason, Dolly senior housing can be a generator of new economic existed there that can empower elder people who live there, and also engange other newcomer to generate new business there such as health care economy).
NUTRACEUTICAL FUNCTIONS OF BETA-GLUCANS

Recent studies have shown that naturally occurring substances found in the food of the daily human diet are important for preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. One of them is beta-glucan, which is a natural polysaccharide, occurring in plant cell walls, mainly oats, barley and wheat. It is also present in baker’s yeast cells, fungal cell walls, and some microorganisms. Beta-glucan belongs to one of the dietary fiber fractions, which are attributed a number of beneficial health properties, including the prevention and treatment of certain digestive diseases and supporting the immune system. This compound has biological activity that depends on the size, molecular weight, conformation, frequency of bonds, solubility and changes in structure. Beta-glucan reduces cholesterol and glucose concentrations in the blood, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In addition to its effects on lipid levels and glucose metabolism, beta-glucan also exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing the risk of diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Immunostimulatory and antitumor effects have also been reported. The immunostimulatory activity of beta-glucan occurs as a result of its attachment to specific receptors present on the immune cell surface. Beta-glucan belongs to the group of prebiotics which stimulate the growth and activity of the desired natural intestinal microbiota, while inhibiting the growth of pathogens. It plays an important role in the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and preventing inflammation as well as colon cancer. Such a number of health benefits resulting from the properties of beta-glucan may play a key role in improving health and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.
APKeep: Realtime Verification for Real Networks

Realtime network verification ensures the correctness of network by incrementally checking data plane updates in real time (e.g., < 1ms per rule update). Even state-of-the-art methods can already achieve sub-millisecond verification time, such speed is achieved mostly for pure IP forwarding devices, and is unrealistic for real-world networks, due to two reasons. (1) Their network models cannot express the forwarding behavior of real devices, which have various functions including IP forwarding, ACL, NAT, policy-based routing, etc. (2) Their update algorithms do not scale in space and/or time: multifield rules (e.g., ACL rules) can make these tools run out of memory and/or incur long verification time. To scale realtime verification to real networks, we propose APKeep based on a new modular network model that is expressive for real devices, and propose new algorithms that can achieve low memory cost and fast update speed at the same time. Our experiments show that for real-world update traces consisting of IP forwarding rules and ACL rules, existing methods either run out of memory or incur a prohibitively long verification time, while APKeep still achieves a sub-millisecond verification time. We also show that APKeep can verify an update of NAT rule mostly in less than 1 millisecond.
WHO EMRO | Assessment of device-associated infection rates in teaching hospitals in Islamic Republic of Iran

Background: Surveillance of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) is an integral part of infection control programmes, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Device-associated infections (DAIs) are a major threat to patient safety. Aim: To measure DAI rates in ICUs. Methods: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) were assessed in the ICUs of 4 tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. Results: The incidence rate of CLABSI, VAP and CAUTI was 10.20, 21.08 and 7.42 per 1000 device-days, respectively. The utilization ratio for central lines, ventilators and urinary catheters was 0.62, 0.47, and 0.84, respectively. The most common organisms were Acinetobacter (33.5%) and Klebsiella (19.0%). Sixty to eighty percent of Enterobacteriaceae were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing. About half of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenem. Acinetobacter resistance rate to ampicillin/sulbactam and carbapenem was 70–80%. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was 84.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions: This study showed high incidence rates of DAIs and resistant organisms, and appropriate interventions are necessary to reduce these rates.
Active one-shot learning with Prototypical Networks

We consider the problem of active one-shot classiﬁcation where a classiﬁer needs to adapt to new tasks by requesting labels for one example per class from (potentially many) unlabeled examples. We propose a clustering approach to the problem. The features extracted with Prototypical Networks [1] are clustered using K-means and the label for one representative sample from each cluster is requested to label the whole cluster. We demonstrate good performance of this simple active adaptation strategy using image data.
Changing Manufacturer ’ s Opinion in Reducing the Use of Flood Coolant when End Milling Titanium

Titanium alloy has been widely used in the aerospace and automobile industries since the 1960s, and is classified as a hard to machine material. Environmental machining requires the elimination or reduction of coolant use when machining titanium, the exact opposite of flood coolant. Conventional wisdom has determined that copious amount of coolant is required to reduce the chemical reaction between the tool tip and work material, and to extract the heat from the tool interface. If the correct cutting conditions are not used, the tool wear is extreme. The goal of this study is to identify the optimum machining parameters, when traditional coolant is replaced by Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen or Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). The workpiece test procedure was developed by using the Design-of-Experiment Methodology ensuring robustness of the machining tests, and the results were analysed using the Taguchi method and Pareto ANOVA.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT IN SOME SELECTED NEPALESE MEDICINAL PLANTS

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content in nine selected medicinal plants Spondias pinnata, Melia azedarach, Ageratina adenophora, Urtica dioica, Curcuma longa, Bauhinia variegata, Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume, Achyranthes aspera, and Psidium guajava from Kavre district of Nepal using in vitro studies. Methods: Methanolic plant extracts were prepared by cold percolation method. The methanol extract of nine medicinal plants collected from Kavre district of Nepal, was screened for assessing bioactive phytoconstituents followed by antioxidant property, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. Different plants collected were powdered and extracted with methanol, concentrated by a rotatory evaporator and analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals. The antioxidant potential of the plant extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results: The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts of all nine medicinal plants displayed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and quinones. The extract of S. pinnata showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity up to 87.94±1.88 with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) 17.51±1.27 μg/mL, followed by B. variegata, 80.63±1.06 with IC50 value 26.55±2.61 μg/mL. The standard, ascorbic acid has IC50 value of 20.13±1.17 μg/mL. Further, the ethyl acetate fraction of S. pinnata showed the maximum percentage of radical scavenging (85.92±1.37) with IC50 value of 46.95±1.17 μg/mL. Moreover, S. pinnata displayed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) 48.26±1.23 mg GAE/g (milligram gallic acid equivalent per gram) extract while the highest flavonoid content was displayed by Melia azedarach 41.07±1.53 mg QE/g (milligram quercetin equivalent per gram) extract measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this study have put forward the extract of S. pinnata showed the highest percentage of radical scavenging activity and S. pinnata displayed the highest TPC while the highest flavonoid content was displayed by Melia azedarach methanolic extracts although the further studies are needed to assess its mechanism of action.
When Does the Speaking Profit Us

The title of this chapter draws on an Audre Lorde poem (Lorde 1984). A prominent theme in her life and work was to challenge the silence that has surrounded much of women’s experiences. She was deeply committed to finding ways to speak and communicate which did justice to the range, dept and complexity of women’s lives and circumstances. It is now over four years since I decided to talk about women’s use of violence at a meeting of Sappho, a London lesbian discussion group. I took that decision, despite many misgivings and apprehensions, because I believed that refusing to discuss difficult issues has never profited feminism. Silence has been a major weapon in men’s arsenal which has prevented women and children from talking about their experiences of sexual violence, let alone finding ways to get support and join in campaigns and movements for justice.
Positivity and Negativity Dominance in Citizen Assessments of Intergovernmental Sustainability Performance

Understanding how the public assesses the performance of complex, intergovernmental efforts such as sustainability is critical for understanding both managerial decision-making and institutional design. Drawing from the performance and federalism literature, this study investigates the role that distinctive elements of negativity bias play in citizen assessments of intergovernmental performance. In three survey experiments, this study exploits a well-known intergovernmental initiative to explore the effects of episodic performance information on citizen support for varying sustainability-related activities. Two inter-related research questions are addressed. First, does the positive or negative valence of citizen performance assessments vary with the type and scope of activity? Second, does positive or negative performance information tend to dominate in more realistic scenarios in which both types of stimuli interact? The results advance theoretical understanding of public performance with evidence that the type of activity can influence citizen assessments both positively and negatively. Additionally, partisan cues can overwhelm otherwise positive views of performance in some contexts, a concept described in the psychology literature as negativity dominance. The findings add important insights by showing that biased reasoning of citizens is not just a blanket affective association with constant treatment effects across any type of governmental effort, but is contingent on both the activity and
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO WITH 1-YEAR MORTALITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT IN WANGAYA REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with mortality risk in patients with hemodialysis (HD). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among regular HD patients at Wangaya Regional General Hospital. Data were collected from patients’ medical records in June 2018 and followed up until May 2019. Results: NLR and PLR were significantly associated with 1-year mortality (p=0.047 and p=0.009), with higher NLR (NLR>2.84) and higher PLR (PLR>10) associated with higher risk of 1-year mortality (relative risk [RR]=3.36 and RR=5.19). Conclusion: NLR and PLR were significantly associated with 1-year mortality in patients with HD.
High energy fission cross sections induced by deuteron on 232Th and proton on natPb targets

Total fission cross sections induced by deuterons with energies 1.6, 2.5 and 4.0 GeV on 232Th targets and by protons on natPb targets at energy 2.0 GeV were measured during irradiations at the Nuclotron accelerator, JINR, Dubna. Using Solid State Nuclear Track detectors, the fission cross sections induced by deuterons on 232Th were determined as 1277±216, 1232±207 and 1153±198 mb, corresponding to the energies mentioned above. The total fission cross section of protons on natPb was estimated by the same method as 131±30 mb. These results were compared to the previous systematic parameterization of proton induced fission and new values for the parameters of deuteron-induce fission on actinides, 232Th and 238U and proton induced fission on natPb were deduced. Fitting results obtained for deuterons on actinides are discussed and compared to results for protons.
E-texts or p-texts? Evidence from reading comprehension tasks for Polish teenage learners of English

Research investigating differences between reading comprehension of electronic and paper texts has so far provided conflicting evidence. Thus, the present paper aims to examine the impact of the text source on the quality of reading comprehension of Polish intermediate learners of English. In a pre-test the participants representing a similar level of this subskill were selected and divided into two groups. In the study proper, the control group read a paper version of the text while the treatment group did it using a computer screen. Although the participants’ results were better in the case of e-texts than of p-texts, these differences were not statistically significant.
Protective Role of Apigenin Against Aβ 25–35 Toxicity Via Inhibition of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Release

Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is the most common problem of patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD). The pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment in AD may contribute to neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and alteration in neurotransmitters receptors. Mitochondrial synapses dysfunction due to the accumulation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) is one of the earliest pathological features of AD. The flavone apigenin has been reported to play some protective roles in AD through the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed at investigating the effects of apigenin on spatial working memory and neural protection by restoring mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of caspase 9. Methods: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Aβ 25–35 was used for AD modeling. Working memory was assessed 21 days later using the Y maze test. Neuronal loss was detected in the hilar area of the hippocampus using Nissl and Fluoro-jade B staining, whereas immunohistochemistry was used to illustrate cytochrome c positive cells and caspase 9. Results: The results revealed that apigenin significantly ameliorated spatial working memory. It also significantly reduced the number of degenerative neurons in the hilus area. Apigenin almost completely blocked the release of cytochrome c and caspase 9 in hilus. Conclusion: Apigenin may improve the spatial working memory deficits and neuronal degeneration through the amelioration of the mitochondrial dysfunction.