Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of life. Adipokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules secreted by white or brown adipose tissues with a central role in energy metabolism. More recently, their involvement in PCOS and endometriosis has been demonstrated. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of adipokines in both diseases and summarize previous findings. We also address the results of multi-omics approaches in adipokine research to examine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for adipokines and their receptors, the secretome of adipocytes and to identify epigenetic alterations of adipokine genes that might be conferred from mother to child. Finally, we address novel data on the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which seems to have notable effects on PCOS. For this review, original research articles on adipokine actions in PCOS and endometriosis are considered, which are listed in the PubMed database.
Fermi/LAT broad emission line blazars

We study the broad emission line blazars detected in the gamma-ray band by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi satellite and with the optical spectrum studied by Shaw et al. (2012, 2013). The observed broad line strength provides a measure of the ionizing luminosity of the accretion disk, while the gamma-luminosity is a proxy for the bolometric non-thermal beamed jet emission. The resulting sample, composed by 217 blazars, is the best suited to study the connection between accretion and jet properties. We compare the broad emission line properties of these blazars with those of radio-quiet and radio-loud quasars present in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to asses differences and similarities of the disc luminosity and the virial black hole mass. For most sources, we could derive the black hole mass by reproducing the IR-optical-UV data with a standard accretion disc spectrum, and we compared the black hole masses derived with the two methods. The distributions of the masses estimated in the two ways agree satisfactorily. We then apply a simple, one-zone, leptonic model to all the 217 objects of our sample. The knowledge of the black hole mass and disc luminosity helps to constrain the jet parameters. On average they are similar to what found by previous studies of smaller samples of sources.
European Journal of Educational Research Extended School Placement in Initial Teacher Education: Factors Impacting Professional Learning, Agency and Sense of Belonging

: School placement plays a critical and complex role in student teacher development as well as in their professional dispositions and career attitudes. It is where theory and practice meet, teaching skills are developed, professional relationships formed and future careers envisioned. This mixed methods study explores student teachers’ experiences with and perspectives about new models of extended school placements developed in Ireland following significant policy and programme reform. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires with one of the first cohorts to experience a reconceptualised initial teacher education programme, including extended school placement periods in a variety of school settings. This paper will explore student teachers’ per spectives regarding the value of the extended placement and factors influencing their professional learning, agency and sense of belonging. Overall, our findings confirm the pedagogical benefits of the extended placement in two different school settings fo r student teachers’ professional learning. However, they also highlight how a number of factors, including the existence (or absence) of school support structures, school culture, peer networks, paid or unpaid additional workload and financial pressures im pacted on student teachers’ capabilities to develop their skills and professional agency, their sense of belonging and, in so me cases, their physical and mental health.
Dung‐visiting beetle diversity is mainly affected by land use, while community specialization is driven by climate

Abstract Dung beetles are important actors in the self‐regulation of ecosystems by driving nutrient cycling, bioturbation, and pest suppression. Urbanization and the sprawl of agricultural areas, however, destroy natural habitats and may threaten dung beetle diversity. In addition, climate change may cause shifts in geographical distribution and community composition. We used a space‐for‐time approach to test the effects of land use and climate on α‐diversity, local community specialization (H 2′) on dung resources, and γ‐diversity of dung‐visiting beetles. For this, we used pitfall traps baited with four different dung types at 115 study sites, distributed over a spatial extent of 300 km × 300 km and 1000 m in elevation. Study sites were established in four local land‐use types: forests, grasslands, arable sites, and settlements, embedded in near‐natural, agricultural, or urban landscapes. Our results show that abundance and species density of dung‐visiting beetles were negatively affected by agricultural land use at both spatial scales, whereas γ‐diversity at the local scale was negatively affected by settlements and on a landscape scale equally by agricultural and urban land use. Increasing precipitation diminished dung‐visiting beetle abundance, and higher temperatures reduced community specialization on dung types and γ‐diversity. These results indicate that intensive land use and high temperatures may cause a loss in dung‐visiting beetle diversity and alter community networks. A decrease in dung‐visiting beetle diversity may disturb decomposition processes at both local and landscape scales and alter ecosystem functioning, which may lead to drastic ecological and economic damage.
A Synergistic Effect between Plasma Dickkopf-1 and Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease on the Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Angina: An Observational Study

The canonical β-catenin-dependent wingless (Wnt) pathway is associated with endothelial function. We examined the effect of plasma dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, on the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). We enrolled patients who had undergone selective coronary angiography for angina. DKK-1 levels were determined using plasma collected at the outpatient visit after fasting. MACEs served as the primary endpoint. All 470 enrolled patients were divided into four groups according to their median plasma DKK-1 levels and the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty-eight patients reached the primary endpoint during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that the group with high DKK-1 and obstructive CAD had a significantly higher mortality rate than the other three groups (log-rank test p = 0.001). Compared with the low plasma DKK-1 without significant coronary obstruction group, the high DKK-1 with obstructive CAD group had a hazard ratio of 10.640 (95% confidence interval: 1.350–83.874) for MACEs, as determined by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. In conclusion, we observed a synergistic effect between high plasma DKK-1 and obstructive CAD on the prediction of MACEs in patients with angina.
A studio approach to teaching biosocial convergence science

ABSTRACT A key desired learning outcome of higher education is that students understand the complexities and contexts of, as well as the multiple disciplinary perspectives on, the subjects they are studying. Geography higher education has been particularly adept at meeting this objective. Geographers have played key roles in the development of interdisciplinary areas of studies. such as environmental studies, cultural studies, food studies, and science and technology studies, which have increased interest in thematic learning and awareness of the myriad disciplinary perspectives on a particular topic. These efforts, however, have failed to achieve the broader dissolution of siloed disciplinary thinking in classrooms and across the university, leading to proposals for new transdisciplinary frameworks, such as “convergence science. ” In this paper, we argue that geography, due to its long-standing role as a synthesis discipline, ought to be at the forefront of bringing this new wave of convergence research into education and training programs. We provide an example of a convergence-based and co-instructed course series for graduate students called the Biosocial Studio, led by a geographer in collaboration with bioscientists. We identify two key pedagogical tools that facilitated the learning process – studio-based teaching and cross-epistemological convergence – and discuss the internal and infrastructural challenges to their implementation.
In Vivo Inhibition of miR-34a Modestly Limits Cardiac Enlargement and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model with Established Type 1 Diabetes-Induced Cardiomyopathy, but Does Not Improve Diastolic Function

MicroRNA 34a (miR-34a) is elevated in the heart in a setting of cardiac stress or pathology, and we previously reported that inhibition of miR-34a in vivo provided protection in a setting of pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Prior work had also shown that circulating or cardiac miR-34a was elevated in a setting of diabetes. However, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting miR-34a in vivo in the diabetic heart had not been assessed. In the current study, type 1 diabetes was induced in adult male mice with 5 daily injections of streptozotocin (STZ). At 8 weeks post-STZ, when mice had established type 1 diabetes and diastolic dysfunction, mice were administered locked nucleic acid (LNA)-antimiR-34a or saline-control with an eight-week follow-up. Cardiac function, cardiac morphology, cardiac fibrosis, capillary density and gene expression were assessed. Diabetic mice presented with high blood glucose, elevated liver and kidney weights, diastolic dysfunction, mild cardiac enlargement, cardiac fibrosis and reduced myocardial capillary density. miR-34a was elevated in the heart of diabetic mice in comparison to non-diabetic mice. Inhibition of miR-34a had no significant effect on diastolic function or atrial enlargement, but had a mild effect on preventing an elevation in cardiac enlargement, fibrosis and ventricular gene expression of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the anti-angiogenic miRNA (miR-92a). A miR-34a target, vinculin, was inversely correlated with miR-34a expression, but other miR-34a targets were unchanged. In summary, inhibition of miR-34a provided limited protection in a mouse model with established type 1 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy and failed to improve diastolic function. Given diabetes represents a systemic disorder with numerous miRNAs dysregulated in the diabetic heart, as well as other organs, strategies targeting multiple miRNAs and/or earlier intervention is likely to be required.
FORMATION OF SOLAR FILAMENTS BY STEADY AND NONSTEADY CHROMOSPHERIC HEATING

It has been established that cold plasma condensations can form in a magnetic loop subject to localized heating of its footpoints. In this paper, we use grid-adaptive numerical simulations of the radiative hydrodynamic equations to investigate the filament formation process in a pre-shaped loop with both steady and finite-time chromospheric heating. Compared to previous works, we consider low-lying loops with shallow dips and use a more realistic description for radiative losses. We demonstrate for the first time that the onset of thermal instability satisfies the linear instability criterion. The onset time of the condensation is roughly ∼2 hr or more after the localized heating at the footpoint is effective, and the growth rate of the thread length varies from 800 km hr−1 to 4000 km hr−1, depending on the amplitude and the decay length scale characterizing this localized chromospheric heating. We show how single or multiple condensation segments may form in the coronal portion. In the asymmetric heating case, when two segments form, they approach and coalesce, and the coalesced condensation later drains down into the chromosphere. With steady heating, this process repeats with a periodicity of several hours. While our parametric survey confirms and augments earlier findings, we also point out that steady heating is not necessary to sustain the condensation. Once the condensation is formed, it keeps growing even after the localized heating ceases. In such a finite-heating case, the condensation instability is maintained by chromospheric plasma that gets continuously siphoned into the filament thread due to the reduced gas pressure in the corona. Finally, we show that the condensation can survive the continuous buffeting of perturbations from photospheric p-mode waves.
UNNOTICED MAGNETIC FIELD OSCILLATIONS IN THE VERY QUIET SUN REVEALED BY SUNRISE/IMaX

We present observational evidence for oscillations of magnetic flux density in the quiet areas of the Sun. The majority of magnetic fields on the solar surface have strengths of the order of or lower than the equipartition field (300–500 G). This results in a myriad of magnetic fields whose evolution is largely determined by the turbulent plasma motions. When granules evolve they squash the magnetic field lines together or pull them apart. Here, we report on the periodic deformation of the shapes of features in circular polarization observed at high resolution with SUNRISE. In particular, we note that the area of patches with a constant magnetic flux oscillates with time, which implies that the apparent magnetic field intensity oscillates in antiphase. The periods associated with this oscillatory pattern are compatible with the granular lifetime and change abruptly, which suggests that these oscillations might not correspond to characteristic oscillatory modes of magnetic structures, but to the forcing by granular motions. In one particular case, we find three patches around the same granule oscillating in phase, which means that the spatial coherence of these oscillations can reach 1600 km. Interestingly, the same kind of oscillatory phenomenon is also found in the upper photosphere.
Impact of COVID-19 on Intracranial Meningioma Resection: Results from California State Inpatient Database

Simple Summary All fields of healthcare were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we sought to understand the effects of COVID-19 on hospitalizations for intracranial meningioma resection using a large database. We compared hospitalization rates as well as hospital outcomes such as Clavien–Dindo grade IV complications, in-hospital mortality, and prolonged length of stay for intracranial meningioma resection during 2019 and 2020. Our findings showed that though hospitalization rates decreased slightly during the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital outcomes were not adversely affected. The findings of our study show that with adequate planning and preparations, better hospital outcomes could be sustained even during healthcare emergencies such as COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings assure that neurosurgery practice in the US ensured the best quality of care to their patients even during COVID-19 pandemic. Abstract Purpose: To assess the effects of COVID-19 on hospitalizations for intracranial meningioma resection using a large database. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the California State Inpatient Database (SID) 2019 and 2020. All adult (18 years or older) hospitalizations were included for the analysis. The primary outcomes were trends in hospitalization for intracranial meningioma resection between 2019 and 2020. Secondary outcomes were Clavien–Dindo grade IV complications, in-hospital mortality, and prolonged length of stay, which was defined as length of stay ≥75 percentile. Results: There were 3,173,333 and 2,866,161 hospitalizations in 2019 and 2020, respectively (relative decrease, 9.7%), of which 921 and 788 underwent intracranial meningioma resection (relative decrease, 14.4%). In 2020, there were 94,114 admissions for COVID-19 treatment. Logistic regression analysis showed that year in which intracranial meningioma resection was performed did not show significant association with Clavien–Dindo grade IV complications and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.23, 95% CI: 0.78–1.94) and prolonged length of stay (OR, 1.05, 95% CI: 0.84–1.32). Conclusion: Our findings show that neurosurgery practice in the US successfully adapted to the unforeseen challenges posed by COVD-19 and ensured the best quality of care to the patients.
Herschel-PACS spectroscopy of IR-bright galaxies at high redshift

We present Herschel-PACS observations of rest-frame mid-infrared and far-infrared spectral line emissions from two lensed, ultraluminous infrared galaxies at high redshift: MIPS J142824.0+352619 (MIPS J1428), a starburst-dominated system at z = 1.3, and IRAS F10214+4724 (F10214), a source at z = 2.3 hosting both star-formation and a luminous AGN. We have detected [O I]63μm and [O III]52μm in MIPS J1428, and tentatively [O III]52μm in F10214. Together with the recent ZEUS-CSO [C II]158μm detection in MIPS J1428 we can for the first time combine [O I], [C II] and far-IR (FIR) continuum measurements for PDR modeling of an ultra-luminous (LIR ≥ 10 12 L� ) star forming galaxy at the peak epoch of cosmic star formation. We find that MIPS J1428, contrary to average local ULIRGs, does not show a deficit in [O I] relative to FIR. The combination of far-UV flux G0 and gas density n (derived from the PDR models), as well as the star formation efficiency (derived from CO and FIR) is similar to normal or starburst galaxies, despite the high infrared luminosity of this system. In contrast, F10214 has stringent upper limits on [O IV] and [S III], and an [O III]/FIR ratio at least an order of magnitude lower than local starbursts or AGN, similar to local ULIRGs.
Aluminium oxide in the optical spectrum of VY Canis Majoris

We report the first identification of the optical bands of the B 2 Σ + –X 2 Σ + system of AlO in the red supergiant VY CMa. In addition to TiO, VO, ScO, and YO, which were recognized in the optical spectrum of the star long time ago, AlO is another refractory molecule which displays strong emission bands in this peculiar star. Simulating the bands of AlO, we derive a rotational temperature of the circumstellar gas of Trot = 700 K. By resolving individual rotational components of the bands, we derive the kinematical characteristics of the gas, finding that the emission is centred at the stellar radial velocity and its intrinsic width is 13.5 km s −1 (full width at half maximum). It is the narrowest emission among all (thermal) features observed in VY CMa so far. The temperature and line widths suggest that the emission arises in gas located within ∼20 stellar radii, where the outflow is still being accelerated. This result contradicts equilibrium-chemistry models which predict substantial AlO abundances only to within a few stellar radii. We argue that non-equilibrium models involving propagation of shocks are needed to explain the observations.
EMMA: an adaptive mesh refinement cosmological simulation code with radiative transfer

EMMA is a cosmological simulation code aimed at investigating the reionization epoch. It handles simultaneously collisionless and gas dynamics, as well as radiative transfer physics using a moment-based description with the M1 approximation. Field quantities are stored and computed on an adaptive 3D mesh and the spatial resolution can be dynamically modified based on physically-motivated criteria. Physical processes can be coupled at all spatial and temporal scales. We also introduce a new and optional approximation to handle radiation : the light is transported at the resolution of the non-refined grid and only once the dynamics have been fully updated, whereas thermo-chemical processes are still tracked on the refined elements. Such an approximation reduces the overheads induced by the treatment of radiation physics. A suite of standard tests are presented and passed by EMMA, providing a validation for its future use in studies of the reionization epoch. The code is parallel and is able to use graphics processing units (GPUs) to accelerate hydrodynamics and radiative transfer calculations. Depending on the optimizations and the compilers used to generate the CPU reference, global GPU acceleration factors between x3.9 and x16.9 can be obtained. Vectorization and transfer operations currently prevent better GPU performances and we expect that future optimizations and hardware evolution will lead to greater accelerations.
Fitting the Nuclear Binding Energy Coefficients for Liquid Drop Model and Adding a mathematical terms to the Closed Shell of Magic Nuclei

The present study reconsiders the formula of the Liquid Drop Model (LDM) in addition to updating the terms of the energy parameters represented by the term of volume, surface, coulomb, asymmetry and pairing. This was performed using the least-squares method (LSM) by means of a computer program in the Fortran language to match the nuclear binding energy for more than 480 different nuclei, including the magic nuclei of the range (2 ≤ Z ≤ 92). A mathematical term represented by the closed shell term, in addition to the energy terms above, was derived once by the difference between the separation energy of protons and neutrons and again by the method of valence nucleons, which represents the highest energy level in any nucleus because it is the only energy that participates in spinning the nucleus. New energy parameters were obtained specifically for the Liquid Drop Model which enabled us to determine the theoretical nuclear binding energy in a good match with its experiment values for most of the nuclei used, especially the magical nuclei. The standard deviation (σ ) was used as a statistical tool to determine the extent to which the model can be adopted to explain the behavior of the magic nuclei, in addition to the high accuracy in determining the theoretical nuclear binding energy. The value of the standard deviation ( σ = 0.126 ) and (σ=0.144) for the two updated formulas of the model were the generalized liquid drop models (GLDM)₁ and (GLDM )₂, respectively.
Constraining Primordial Magnetism

Primordial magnetic fields could provide an explanation for the galactic magnetic fields observed today, in which case they may also leave interesting signals in the CMB and the small-scale matter power spectrum. We discuss how to approximately calculate the important non-linear magnetic effects within the guise of linear perturbation theory, and calculate the matter and CMB power spectra including the SZ contribution. We then use various cosmological datasets to constrain the form of the magnetic field power spectrum. Using solely large-scale CMB data (WMAP7, QUaD and ACBAR) we find a 95% CL on the variance of the magnetic field at 1 Mpc of B_\lambda < 6.4 nG. When we include SPT data to constrain the SZ effect, we find a revised limit of B_\lambda < 4.1 nG. The addition of SDSS Lyman-alpha data lowers this limit even further, roughly constraining the magnetic field to B_\lambda < 1.3 nG.