Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Di- and Trisubstituted Hydroxylamines

As an underrepresented functional group in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry, the hydroxylamine unit has historically received little attention from the synthetic community. Recent developments, however, suggest that hydroxylamines may have broader applications such that a review covering recent developments in the synthesis of this functional group is timely. With this in mind, this review primarily covers developments in the past 15 years in the preparation of di- and trisubstituted hydroxylamines. The mechanism of the reactions and key features and shortcomings are discussed throughout the review.
Non-breaking undular hydraulic jump

The differences between the undular jump and the undular surge are described. Further, the limit approach flow depth and the channel width are defined for undular jumps governed by the Froude similarity law. Based on previous and present observations, the main flow characteristics of undular jumps are established. These include surface characteristics along the axis and the walls of the rectangular channel. Also, generalized surface profiles are presented. Finally, the formation of shocks is physically explained as a breakdown of the supercritical approach flow.
The Predictive Validity of the GRE Across Graduate Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Trends Over Time

ABSTRACT This meta-analysis assesses the predictive validity of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) across outcome variables, including grade point average, for graduate students. In addition to aggregate effects, this paper also assessed changes in observed effects over time as related to increasing diversity in the graduate student population and as a function of gender and racial/ethnic composition of study samples. Framed using a lens of critical whiteness, this analysis examined n = 1,659 individual effects across k = 201 studies. Overall, 62.3% of reported effects were nonsignificant (i.e. no predictive value of GRE scores on student outcomes). Further, the magnitude of observed predictive relationships decreased significantly over time. The aggregate mean effect across all studies and outcomes was small, significant, and positive: GRE score predicted 3.24% of variance across measured outcomes, 4% of variance in overall GPA, and 2.56% of variance in first-year graduate GPA. Sample composition effects by race/ethnicity were notable under some conditions, but nonsignificant, with increasing proportions of people of Color within a study sample associated with poorer predictive validity for GPA. Likewise, the magnitude of negative effects where lower GRE scores predicted stronger student outcomes showed increasing trends from 0.16% of variance for all-white samples to 7.3% for samples comprised entirely of people of Color.
The Effect of Past Saturation Changes on Noble Gas Reconstructions of Mean Ocean Temperature

The ocean's immense ability to store and release heat on centennial to millennial time scales modulates the impacts of climate perturbations. To gain a better understanding of past variations in mean ocean temperature (MOT), a noble gas‐based proxy measured from ancient air in ice cores has been developed. Here we assess non‐temperature effects that may influence the atmospheric noble gas ratios reconstructed from polar ice and how they impact the temperature signal with an intermediate complexity Earth system model. We find that changes in wind speed, sea‐ice extent, and ocean circulation have partially compensating effects on mean‐ocean noble gas saturation, leading to a slight reduction of noble gas undersaturation at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Taking these effects and ice core measurements into account, our model suggests a revised MOT difference between the LGM and pre‐industrial of −2.1 ± 0.7°C that is also in improved agreement with other independent temperature reconstructions.
Test of Significance Based on Wavelet Thresholding and Neyman's Truncation

Abstract Traditional nonparametric tests, such as the Kolmogorov—Smirnov test and the Cramer—Von Mises test, are based on the empirical distribution functions. Although these tests possess root-n consistency, they effectively use only information contained in the low frequencies. This leads to low power in detecting fine features such as sharp and short aberrants as well as global features such as high-frequency alternations. The drawback can be repaired via smoothing-based test statistics. In this article we propose two such kind of test statistics based on the wavelet thresholding and the Neyman truncation. We provide extensive evidence to demonstrate that the proposed tests have higher power in detecting sharp peaks and high frequency alternations, while maintaining the same capability in detecting smooth alternative densities as the traditional tests. Similar conclusions can be made for two-sample nonparametric tests of distribution functions. In that case, the traditional linear rank tests such as th.
Pharmacological Characterization of a Recombinant Mitochondrial ROMK2 Potassium Channel Expressed in Bacteria and Reconstituted in Planar Lipid Bilayers

In the inner mitochondrial membrane, several potassium channels that play a role in cell life and death have been identified. One of these channels is the ATP-regulated potassium channel (mitoKATP). The ROMK2 potassium channel is a potential molecular component of the mitoKATP channel. The current study aimed to investigate the pharmacological modulation of the activity of the ROMK2 potassium channel expressed in Escherichia coli bacteria. ROMK2 was solubilized in polymer nanodiscs and incorporated in planar lipid bilayers. The impact of known mitoKATP channel modulators on the activity of the ROMK2 was characterized. We found that the ROMK2 channel was activated by the mitoKATP channel opener diazoxide and blocked by mitoKATP inhibitors such as ATP/Mg2+, 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, and antidiabetic sulfonylurea glibenclamide. These results indicate that the ROMK2 potassium protein may be a pore-forming subunit of mitoKATP and that the impact of channel modulators is not related to the presence of accessory proteins.
Examining the Relationship Among Customer Experience, Bank Image, and Trust: A Multichannel Banking Perspective

Abstract This article aims to validate Schmitt’s dimensions of customer experience in multichannel banking (both traditional and electronic banking) contexts. Additionally, the article investigated the relationship of customer experience dimensions with image and trust in a multichannel banking context, and also analyzed if image mediates the relationship between customer experience dimensions and trust. Moreover, the article examined whether these relations differ with the banking channel in use. Thus overall, the study explored a four-dimensional relationship, i.e., customer experience with bank image/branch context, customer experience with trust/branch context, customer experience with bank image/electronic context, and customer experience with trust/electronic context. 834 multichannel banking customers’ data was used to validate the scale by using the double approach of EFA and CFA, as well as tested the model by using PLS-SEM. Several complimentary metrics, such as PLS-Predict and Blindfolding (Q 2) were applied to check the results’ robustness. The findings revealed that customer experience scale is context specific. Additionally, the impact of CE dimensions on image and trust is found to vary with the channel in use. The study also revealed that bank image has the effect of complementary mediation between most of customer experience dimensions and trust in both branch and electronic banking, as per the decision tree of Zhao et al. except for the relation between cognitive dimension and trust, where image has the effect of indirect only mediation in traditional context.
Multimodal Prehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Complex Colorectal Surgery, Liver Resection, and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC): A Pilot Study on Feasibility and Potential Efficacy

Simple Summary Surgery plays a key role in the treatment of metastatic bowel cancer. Over the last years, more patients with metastatic bowel cancer are surgically treated, leading to increased survival rates. However, the surgical procedure is associated with a high risk of complications after surgery (up to 75%), such as bleeding, wound healing disorders, anastomotic leakage, and medical complications. Research has shown that prehabilitation improves outcomes after surgery for bowel cancer: it lowers the risk of complications and reduces the length of stay after surgery. Prehabilitation is a process of improving a patient’s condition between the time of diagnosis and the surgical procedure to enable a patient to withstand this stressful event. Most prehabilitation programs comprise multiple modalities, including an exercise program, nutritional intervention, psychological support, and intoxication cessation support. It is suggested that multimodal prehabilitation might also improve outcomes after procedures for metastatic bowel cancer. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of a prehabilitation program for patients undergoing surgery for metastases from bowel cancer. Abstract Background: Surgery for complex primary and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), such as liver resection and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), in academic settings has led to improved survival but is associated with complications up to 75%. Prehabilitation has been shown to prevent complications in non-academic hospitals. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of a multimodal prehabilitation program in patients undergoing surgery in an academic hospital for complex primary and metastatic CRC. Methods: All patients awaiting complex colorectal surgery, liver resection, or HIPEC from July 2019 until January 2020 were considered potentially eligible. Feasibility was measured by accrual rate, completion rate, adherence to the program, satisfaction, and safety. To determine potential efficacy, postoperative outcomes were compared with a historical control group. Results: Sixteen out of twenty-five eligible patients (64%) commenced prehabilitation, and fourteen patients fully completed the intervention (88%). The adherence rate was 69%, as 11 patients completed >80% of prescribed supervised trainings. No adverse events occurred, and all patients expressed satisfaction with the program. The complication rate was significantly lower in the prehabilitation group (37.5%) than the control group (70.2%, p = 0.020). There was no difference in the type of complications. Conclusion: This pilot study illustrates that multimodal prehabilitation is feasible in the majority of patients undergoing complex colorectal cancer, liver resection, and HIPEC in an academic setting.
QuikSCAT Satellite Comparisons with Nearshore Buoy Wind Data off the U.S. West Coast

Abstract To determine the accuracy of nearshore winds from the QuikSCAT satellite, winds from three satellite datasets (scientifically processed swath, gridded near-real-time, and gridded science datasets) were compared to those from 12 nearshore and 3 offshore U.S. West Coast buoys. Satellite observations from August 1999 to December 2000 that were within 25 km and 30 min of each buoy were used. Comparisons showed that satellite–buoy wind differences near shore were larger than those offshore. Editing the satellite data by discarding observations recorded in rain and those recorded in light winds improved the accuracy of all three datasets. After removing rain-flagged data and wind speeds less than 3 m s−1, root-mean-squared differences (satellite minus buoy) for swath data, the best of the three datasets, were 1.4 m s−1 and 37° based on 5741 nearshore comparisons. By removing winds less than 6 m s−1, these differences were reduced to 1.3 m s−1 and 26°. At the three offshore buoys, the root-mean-squared .
Robust Adversarial Attacks on Deep Learning-Based RF Fingerprint Identification

Deep learning (DL)-based radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI), despite its state-of-the-art capability in improving the security performance of communication networks, is still vulnerable to carefully crafted and imperceptible adversarial attack. However, conventional radio frequency (RF) adversarial attacks ignore the impact of the practical fading channels between the attacker and the sensor. In this letter, a generation adversarial perturbations (GAP) problem is formulated in a DL-based RFFI network. Both the case of ideally perfect channel state information (CSI) and the practical imperfect CSI are considered. The closed-form expression of the adversarial example based on the perfect CSI is provided. In order to address the intractable non-convex robust optimization problem under the imperfect CSI, a spoofing attack algorithm is proposed by exploiting the ${\mathcal{ S}}$ -procedure. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves a superior spoofing ratio compared with other benchmark schemes.
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Early Detection of Drought and Heat Stress in Strawberry Plants

The efficiency of photosynthesis in strawberry plants is measured to maintain the quality and quantity of strawberries produced. The latest method used to measure the photosynthetic status of plants is chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI), which has the advantage of obtaining plant spatiotemporal data non-destructively. This study developed a CFI system to measure the maximum quantum efficiency of photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The main components of this system include a chamber for plants to adapt to dark environments, blue LED light sources to excite the chlorophyll in plants, and a monochrome camera with a lens filter attached to capture the emission spectra. In this study, 120 pots of strawberry plants were cultivated for 15 days and divided into four treatment groups: control, drought stress, heat stress, and a combination of drought and heat stress, resulting in Fv/Fm values of 0.802 ± 0.0036, 0.780 ± 0.0026, 0.768 ± 0.0023, and 0.749 ± 0.0099, respectively. A strong correlation was found between the developed system and a chlorophyll meter (r = 0.75). These results prove that the developed CFI system can accurately capture the spatial and temporal dynamics resulting from the response of strawberry plants to abiotic stresses.
Eigenvalue-generalized eigenvector assignment with state feedback

In a recent paper [1], a characterization has been given for the class of all closed-loop eigenvector sets which can be obtained with a given set of distinct closed-loop eigenvalues. This note extends these results to characterize the class of generalized eigenvector chains which can be obtained with a given set of nondistinct eigenvalues. Included is an algorithm for computing a feedback matrix which gives the selected closed-loop eigenvalues and generalized eigenvector chains. Although there are limitations on the Jordan structure of the closed-loop system, this algorithm allows one to realize any "allowable" closed-loop Jordan configuration.
Two new mallee box species (Eucalyptus sect. Adnataria ser. Lucasianae; Myrtaceae) from the Pilbara region of Western Australia

Nicolle, D. & French, M.E. Two new mallee box species (Eucalyptus sect. Adnataria ser. Lucasianae; Myrtaceae) from the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Nuytsia 22(1): 17–29 (2012). Two new species are described, both which have previously been included in E. lucasii Blakely, viz: E. aridimontana D.Nicolle & M.E. French sp. nov., known from high mountain ridges of the Hamersley Range, and E. rowleyi D.Nicolle & M.E. French sp. nov., known from plains of the De Grey River catchment to the north-east of the Hamersley Range. Both species differ from E. lucasii in their adult leaves which age to green and/or glossy, and in their thickened pedicels and peduncles (among other characteristics). Eucalyptus lucasii, as now circumscribed, is a widespread species restricted to watercourses and flood-out plains south of the Pilbara region. A key to E. ser. Lucasianae Chippend. and distribution maps for E. lucasii, E. aridimontana and E. rowleyi are provided.
Motivation and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Active Travel to Different Destinations: A Cluster Analysis with Adolescents Living in Germany

Active travel in adolescence contributes to improved health outcomes. Self-Determination Theory suggests that motivation and basic psychological needs influence travel behavior. Person-centered approaches can examine interrelationships of these constructs underlying travel behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) which clusters can be identified in adolescents, (ii) whether clusters explain overall active travel behavior, (iii) whether clusters were associated with travel mode to various destinations or distance, and (iv) whether differences across clusters appear regarding sex/gender, age, and weight status. The sample included 517 (263 male, 254 female) adolescents from Germany, aged 11–15. Self-organizing maps analysis identified six clusters from nine input variables: intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation, autonomy satisfaction, competence satisfaction, and relatedness satisfaction. The most beneficial cluster regarding active travel demonstrated highest basic psychological needs satisfaction and autonomous motivation with low controlled motivation and amotivation. The most vulnerable cluster was characterized by generally low levels of motivation except for external regulation and amotivation. Clusters were not associated with distance to school, friends/relatives, shopping facilities, or leisure facilities. The findings support the importance of high quality and high quantity of motivation for active travel in adolescents.
Prognostic Value of Absolute Lymphocyte Count in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab

Nivolumab and ipilimumab (NIVO + IPI) is standard therapy for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is a valuable prognostic factor in patients with various cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we determined the prognostic value of pretreatment ALC in advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI as first-line therapy. Data from 46 advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI between September 2018 and August 2022 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly shorter in patients with low than high ALC (PFS: p = 0.0095; OS: p = 0.0182). Multivariate analysis suggested that prior nephrectomy [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.854, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.433–10.359, p = 0.0075] and pretreatment ALC (HR = 2.513, 95% CI = 1.119–5.648, p = 0.0257) were independent factors for PFS. Our new prognostic ALNx model based on ALC and prior nephrectomy suggested that the poor-risk group was a predictor of significantly worse PFS (p < 0.0001) and OS (p = 0.0016). Collectively, the developed ALNx model may be a novel predictor of response in advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI.
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS THE LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE OF THE HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNET IN A FERMIONIC REPRESENTATION

Thermal properties of the ordered phase of the spin 1/2 isotropic Heisenberg Antiferromagnet on a d-dimensional hypercubical lattice are studied within the fermionic representation when the constraint of a single occupancy condition is taken into account by the method suggested by Popov and Fedotov. Using a saddle point approximation in the path integral approach we discuss not only the leading order but also the fluctuations around the saddle point at one-loop level. The influence of taking into account the single occupancy condition is discussed at all steps. MIRAMARE TRIESTE September 1999 Regular Associate of the Abdus Salam ICTP. E-mail: azakov@ictp.trieste. it Permanent address.
The Energy-Absorbing Characteristics of Tubular Structures With Geometric and Material Modifications: An Overview

For better crashworthiness performance, vehicles must protect its occupants by maintaining structural integrity and converting the large amount of kinetic energy into other forms of energy in a controllable and predictable manner in a crash situation. In doing so, lower crushing force would provide better safety for the vehicle occupants. This paper reviews the axial response of “modified” tubular sections with imperfections and fillers subjected to axial impact loads relevant to the field of structural crashworthiness. The use of imperfections sets the mode and initiation of collapse of a tube at a specific location and reduces the maximum crush force, hence improving the energy-absorbing characteristics of tubular structures. The types of imperfections discussed include prebuckle, parallel and dished indentations, cutouts, stiffeners, fillers, and wrapping. DOI: 10.1115/1.2885138
Barotropic models of the extratropical response to El Nino

Abstract A series of linear and nonlinear barotropic models are used to interpret the extratropical response to El Niflo equatorial surface temperatures as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM). The divergence, time-mean vorticity tendency due to transients, and the zonal mean tlow are specified from the GCM, and the deviation of the streamfunction from its zonal mean at an upper-tropospheric level is predicted. Nonlinearsteady-state models suggest that the extratropical wave train is primarily forced from the central rather than the western Pacific and that subtropical divergence anomalies are of more importance than tropical anomalies. These nonlinear solutions can be reproduced with little loss in accuracy by linearizing about the zonally asymmetric climatological flow. If one linearizes about the zonally symmetric flow, the part of the solution forced from thewestern Pacific deteriorates significantly. The solution in the tropics and subtropics also deteriorates if advection of v.