Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survei cepat terhadap tikus dan keong perantara Schistosomiasis di daerah endemis, Dataran Tinggi Bada Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah

Schistosomiasis merupakan penyakit terabaikan ( neglected disease ) yang ditemukan endemis di Sulawesi Tengah, yaitu di Dataran Tinggi Lindu, Napu dan Bada. Dataran tinggi Bada merupakan daerah endemis schistosomiasis yang baru ditemukan pada tahun 2008. Survei cepat ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai infection rate schistosomiasis pada keong Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis dan tikus, serta identifikasi tikus sebagai mamalia hospes definitif selain manusia di Bada. Survei dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2015. Pemeriksaan serkaria keong dilakukan dengan metode crushing . Tikus yang diperoleh diidentifikasi kemudian dibedah untuk memperoleh cacing chistosoma japonicum dan penentuan infection rate pada tikus. Ditemukan tiga keong positif serkaria S.japonicum ( infection rate 15%) dari 20 keong yang diperiksa. Diperoleh tiga ekor tikus positif cacing S.japonicum dari 20 perangkap yang dipasang ( infection rate 100%). Jenis tikus yang diperoleh adalah Rattus norvegicus , R . argentiventer dan Paruromys dominator . Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infeksi schistosomiasis pada binatang cukup tinggi, sehingga menyebabkan siklus silvatik terus berlangsung.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Salivary antibody responses to 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination following two different immunization schedules in a healthy birth cohort

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce pneumococcal colonization via serotype-speciﬁc immunoglobulin G (IgG) at mucosal surfaces. The infant immunization schedule with the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) changed from a 3 + 1 schedule (2–3-4–11 months) to a 2 + 1 schedule (2– 4–11 months) in The Netherlands in 2013. We compared anti-pneumococcal IgG concentrations in saliva between the schedules. IgG was measured using a ﬂuorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassay at the ages of 6 (post-primary) and 12 (post-booster) months in 51 infants receiving the 3 + 1 schedule and 68 infants receiving the 2 + 1 schedule. Post-primary IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were comparable between schedules for all vaccine serotypes. Post-booster IgG GMCs were signiﬁcantly lower after the 2 + 1 schedule for serotypes 4 (p = 0.035), 7F (p = 0.048) and 23F (p = 0.0056). This study shows small differences in mucosal IgG responses between a 3 + 1 and a 2 + 1 PCV10 schedule. Future studies should establish correlates of protection against pneumococcal colonization for mucosal antibodies. (cid:1) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBYlicense(http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Neogene thrust geometry and crustal balancing in the northern and southern branches of the Bolivian Orocline (central Andes)

The Central Andes, between 10 and 28's. are characterised by the elbow shape of the mountain range (The Bolivian orocline), a thick crust (55-75 km), high relief (several summits over 6000 m) and an enigmatic high plateau (the Altiplano) with an average altitude of 3650 m.a.s.1. Recent works have shown the importance of crustal shortening for the development of the structural pattern of the Central Andes [Allmendinger et al., 1983; Isacks, 1988; Roeder, 1988; Roeder and Chamberlain, 1995; Sheffels, 1990; Baby et al., 1989, 1992a, 1992b, 1995; Gubbels et al., 1993; Schmitz, 1994; Kley et al., 19951. The purpose of this paper is to present two crustal balanced cross-sections across the northern and southern branches of the Bolivian orocline, which show the Neogene thrusts geometry of the back arc system and the Neogene shortening contribution to crustal thickening.
Upflow Evapotranspiration System for the Treatment of On-Site Wastewater Effluent

Full-scale willow evapotranspiration systems fed from the base with septic tank or secondary treated domestic effluent from single houses have been constructed and instrumented in Ireland in order to investigate whether the technology could provide a solution to the problem of on-site effluent disposal in areas with low permeability subsoils. Continuous monitoring of rainfall, reference evapotranspiration, effluent flows and water level in the sealed systems revealed varying evapotranspiration rates across the different seasons. No system managed to achieve zero discharge in any year remaining at maximum levels for much of the winter months, indicating some loss of water by lateral exfiltration at the surface. Water sampling and analysis however, showed that the quality of any surface overflow from the systems was similar to rainfall runoff. The performance results have then been used to formulate design guidelines for such systems in Ireland’s temperate maritime climate. The effect of varying different combinations of design parameters (plan area, soil depth, etc.) has been evaluated with respect to the simulated number of overflow days over a five-year period using a water balance model. Design guidelines have then been based upon minimising the amount of runoff, in conjunction with other practical and financial considerations.
The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary

Metabolic dysfunction underlies several chronic diseases, many of which are exacerbated by obesity. Dietary interventions can reverse metabolic declines and slow aging, although compliance issues remain paramount. 17 a -estradiol treatment improves metabolic parameters and slows aging in male mice. The mechanisms by which 17 a -estradiol elicits these benefits remain unresolved. Herein, we show that 17 a -estradiol elicits similar genomic binding and transcriptional activation through estrogen receptor a (ER a ) to that of 17 b -estradiol. In addition, we show that the ablation of ER a completely attenuates the beneficial metabolic effects of 17 a -E2 in male mice. Our findings suggest that 17 a -E2 may act through the liver and hypothalamus to improve metabolic parameters in male mice. Lastly, we also determined that 17 a -E2 improves metabolic parameters in male rats, thereby proving that the beneficial effects of 17 a -E2 are not limited to mice. Collectively, these studies suggest ER a may be a drug target for mitigating chronic diseases in male mammals.
The US-China Trade War and Global Reallocations

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Retinal Thickness: A Prospective Study COVID-19 and Retina COVID-19’un

Objectives: To prospectively evaluate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on retinal thickness. Methods: Twenty-six cases of COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction constituted the study group. The thickness values of the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) measured by optical coherence tomography before infection were compared with the thickness values at the 1 st and 3 rd months after the infection. The control group consisted of 13 cases that were determined not to have the disease by antibody testing. Only the right eyes in all cases were included in the study. For statistical analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance or the Friedman test were used to compare baseline, 1 st , and 3 rd - month data. Results: All cases in the COVID-19 group showed mild symptoms. No retinal pathology was observed in any of the cases with COVID-19. There was no difference in retinal thickness measurements at baseline, 1st, and 3rd months in the control group (p>0.05). There was no difference at baseline, 1 st and 3 rd -month RNFL and GCC thickness values in the COVID-19 group (p>0.05). The central macular thickness (MT) in the COVID-19 group was thicker at 1 and 3 months than before infection (p=0.03). Conclusion: Coronavirus infection affected the central MT in the first 3 months. RNFL and GCC thicknesses did not change after infection. However, a long-term follow-up of the cases may be required to observe the effects of the virus on retinal thickness.
Eﬀects of diﬀerent mechanical treatments on structural changes of lignocellulosic waste biomass and subsequent Cu(II) removal kinetics

In this paper, the character of structural changes induced by different mechanical treatments to Prunus persica stones (PSs), and its subsequent effect on biosorption kinetics of Cu(II) were investigated. PSs were processed in vibratory disk mill (PS-V) and ultra-centrifugal mill (PS-C) and characterized by XRD, BET, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. It was shown that PS-V was smaller and more reactive with less crystallinity index and hydrogen bond intensity compared to PS-C. In opposite, surface area of the PS-C was bigger than that of the PS-V. The total pore volume was about threefold, while the volume of micro pores was 9.29 times higher in PS-Cs than in PS-Vs. The kinetics of Cu(II) biosorption by both PSs was tested through various kinetic models: pseudo-ﬁrst and pseudo-second order rate equations, Elovich equation, Boyd model, Weber– Morris and Urano–Tachikawa intraparticle diffusion model. For both sample types, Cu(II) biosorption occurred through combination of intraparticle and ﬁlm diffusion mechanism, while kinetic results were best
Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling

Poisonous (cid:2) -amanitin-containing mushrooms are responsible for the major cases of fatalities after mush-room ingestion. (cid:2) -Amanitin is known to inhibit the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime and silybin have been the most frequently used drugs in the management of (cid:2) -amanitin poisoning, mostly based on empirical rationale. The present study provides an in silico insight into the inhibition of RNAP II by (cid:2) -amanitin and also on the interaction of the antidotes on the active site of this enzyme. Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area method (MM-GBSA) were carried out to investigate the binding of (cid:2) -amanitin and three antidotes benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime and silybin to RNAP II. Our results reveal that (cid:2) -amanitin should affects RNAP II transcription by compromising trigger loop (TL) function. The observed direct interactions between (cid:2) -amanitin and TL residues Leu1081, Asn1082, Thr1083, His1085 and Gly1088 alters the elongation process and thus contribute to the inhibition of RNAP II. We also present evidences that (cid:2) -amanitin can interact directly with the bridge helix residues Gly819, Gly820 and Glu822, and indirectly with His816 and Phe815. This destabilizes the bridge helix, possibly causing RNAP II activity loss. We demonstrate that benzylpenicillin, ceftazidime and silybin are able to bind to the same site as (cid:2) - amanitin, although not replicating the unique (cid:2) -amanitin binding mode. They establish considerably less intermolecular interactions and the ones existing are essential conﬁne to the bridge helix and adjacent residues. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of these antidotes does not seem to be directly related with binding to RNAP II. RNAP II (cid:2) -amanitin binding site can be divided into speciﬁc zones with different properties providing a reliable platform for the structure-based drug design of novel antidotes for (cid:2) -amatoxin poisoning. An ideal drug candidate should be a competitive RNAP II binder that interacts with Arg726, Ile756, Ala759, Gln760 and Gln767, but not with TL and bridge helix residues.
The adjustment of mantle plumes to changes in plate motion

The relative motion of hotspots and lithospheric plates implies a velocity shear in the underlying mantle, causing horizontal advection of mantle plumes as they rise toward the lithosphere. Consequent tilting of plumes parallel to the direction of plate motion indicates that plumes must undergo a period of readjustment after the velocity vector for plate motion is altered. Thus the shape of bends in the surface tracks of hotspots, resulting from changes in plate motion, will reflect the plume adjustment. Laboratory experiments, as well as computations using a simple theory developed in Richards & Griffiths [1988] for the dynamics of continuous plume conduits, demonstrate that the bend in the surface track has a radius of curvature approximately equal to the maximum horizontal deflection of the conduit. Thus the sharpness of the bend at an age of 43Ma in the Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain implies that the deflection of the underlying plume in that case was small (<200 km). This small deflection is expected for plumes carrying large buoyancy fluxes, and it indicates that tilting of the conduit is unlikely to be sufficient to cause diapiric instability.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Recall of preoperative Oxford Hip and Knee Scores one year after arthroplasty is an alternative and reliable technique when used for a cohort of patients

was excellent reliability for the ‘average measures’ intra-class correlation for both the oHs (r = 0.802) and the oKs (r = 0.772). However, this reliability was diminished for the individuals oHs (r = 0.670) and oKs (r = 0.629) using single measures intra-class correlation. Bland–Altman plots demonstrated wide variation in the individual patient’s ability to recall their preoperative score (95% cI ± 16 for oHs, 95% cI ± 13 for oKs)
IMRT as an Alternative Technique for Intracavitary Brachytherapy in Patients with Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Feasibility Study Using Unified Dosimetric Index

Objective: Intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) plays an important role in the management of carcinoma of the cervix. This study attempts to find the feasibility of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) as a boost for patients who are not suitable for ICBT in order to improve their disease-free and overall survival. Methods: Twenty patients with carcinoma of the cervix were included in this study. Nine fields of IMRT and ICBT plans were generated for PTVBoost. Various dosimetric indices like coverage, conformity, homogeneity, and gradient index were calculated, and the corresponding unified dosimetric index (UDI) values were generated. Plans were classified based on combined UDI, and the UDI values were compared with those of ICBT. In addition, rectum and bladder doses were compared. Results: All the dosimetric indices were within acceptable limits except for the gradient index. The gradient index of the IMRT and ICBT plans were 8.77 ± 0.26 and 1.33 ± 0.06 respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean of combined UDI with standard deviation was 32.557 ± 8.940 and plan quality was calculated from these values. Rectum and bladder doses for ICBT were lesser than IMRT (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: ICBT is the gold standard for boost RT in carcinoma of the cervix patients. IMRT boost is feasible for patients who are unsuitable on medical grounds for brachytherapy.
Migration-and exercise-induced changes to flight muscle size in Migration-and exercise-induced changes to flight muscle size in migratory birds and association with migratory birds and association with IGF1 and and myostatin mRNA mRNA expression expression

Seasonal adjustments to muscle size in migratory birds may result from preparatory physiological changes or responses to changed workloads. The mechanisms controlling these changes in size are poorly understood. We investigated some potential mediators of flight muscle size (myostatin and insulin-like growth factor, IGF1) in pectoralis muscles of wild wintering or migrating white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis), captive white-throated sparrows that were photoperiod manipulated to be in a ‘wintering’ or ‘migratory’ (Zugunruhe) state, and captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) that were either exercised for 2 weeks in a wind tunnel or untrained. Flight muscle size increased in photo-stimulated ‘migrants’ and in exercised starlings. Acute exercise but not long-term training caused increased expression of IGF1, but neither caused a change in expression of myostatin or its metalloprotease activator TLL1. Photo-stimulated ‘migrant’ sparrows demonstrated increased expression of both myostatin and IGF1, but wild sparrows exhibited no significant seasonal changes in expression of either myostatin or IGF1. Additionally, in both study species we describe several splice variants of myostatin that are shared with distantly related bird species. We demonstrate that their expression patterns are not different from those of the typical myostatin, suggesting that they have no functional importance and may be mistakes of the splicing machinery. We conclude that IGF1 is likely to be an important mediator of muscle phenotypic flexibility during acute exercise and during endogenous, seasonal preparation for migration. The role of myostatin is less clear, but its paradoxical increase in photo-stimulated ‘migrants’ may indicate a role in seasonal adjustments of protein turnover.
The influence of chemical composition and mixing state of Los Angeles urban aerosol on CCN number and cloud properties

The relationship between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number and the physical and chemical properties of the atmospheric aerosol distribution is explored for a polluted urban data set from the Study of Organic Aerosols at Riverside I (SOAR-1) campaign conducted at Riverside, California, USA during summer 2005. The mixing state and, to a lesser degree, the average chemical composition are shown to be important parameters in determining the activation properties of those particles around the critical activation diameters for atmospherically-realistic supersaturation values. Closure between predictions and measurements of CCN number at several supersaturations is attempted by modeling a number of aerosol chemical composition and mixing state cases of increasing complexity. It is shown that a realistic treatment of the state of mixing of the urban aerosol distribution is critical in order to eliminate model bias. Fresh emissions such as elemental carbon and small organic particles must be treated as non-activating and explicitly accounted for in the model. The relative number concentration of these particles compared to inorganics and oxygenated organic compounds of limited hygroscopicity plays an important role in determining the CCN number. Furthermore, expanding the different composition/mixing state cases to predictions of cloud droplet number concentration in a cloud parcel model highlights the dependence of cloud optical properties on the state of mixing and hygroscopic properties of the different aerosol modes, but shows that the relative differences between the different cases are reduced compared to those from the CCN model.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Professionalism and partnership

A critical reading of the Donaldson Report on teacher education in Scotland reveals what might be termed a ‘panacea approach’ to addressing perceived current problems in relation to the quality of teacher education. In particular, the essence of the Donaldson Report is that teachers need to embrace ‘twenty-first century professionalism’ through a partnership approach to teacher education. However, neither ‘professionalism’, nor ‘partnership’ are defined or justified explicitly. Through critical discourse analysis we offer possible interpretations of professionalism and partnership within the context of the Donaldson Report. These interpretations include accepting the use of such terms as simple unconscious and uncritical adherence to a dominant discourse, and the idea that the wholesale embracing of partnership is a much more insidious attempt by the state to promote network governance, thereby limiting potential dominance of any one particular stakeholder group. Through systematic consideration of the immediate textual context of phrases relating to professionalism and partnership, and through a more holistic analysis of the wider policy agenda, we offer a critical reading of the Report. We conclude with a plea that as the rush to attend to the more tangible, operational aspects of the proposed reform gather momentum, such a panacea approach to solving perceived problems needs to be critiqued openly.
Re‐shaping hysteretic behaviour—spectral analysis and design equations for semi‐active structures

Semi‐active dampers offer significant capability to reduce dynamic wind and seismic structural response. A novel resetable device with independent valve control laws that enables semi‐active re‐shaping of the overall structural hysteretic behaviour has been recently developed, and a one‐fifth scale prototype experimentally validated. This research statistically analyses three methods of re‐shaping structural hysteretic dynamics in a performance‐based seismic design context. Displacement, structural force, and total base‐shear response reduction factor spectra are obtained for suites of ground motions from the SAC project. Results indicate that the reduction factors are suite invariant. Resisting all motion adds damping in all four quadrants and showed 40–60% reductions in the structural force and displacement at the cost of a 20–60% increase in total base‐shear. Resisting only motion away from equilibrium adds damping in quadrants 1 and 3, and provides reductions of 20–40%, with a 20–50% increase in total base‐shear. However, only resisting motion towards equilibrium adds damping in quadrants 2 and 4 only, for which the structural responses and total base‐shear are reduced 20–40%. The spectral analysis results are used to create empirical reduction factor equations suitable for use in performance based design methods, creating an avenue for designing these devices into structural applications. Overall, the reductions in both response and base‐shear indicate the potential appeal of this semi‐active hysteresis sculpting approach for seismic retrofit applications—largely due to the reduction of the structural force and overturning demands on the foundation system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.