Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological Offset Parameters of the Adult Shoulder Joint—A MRI Study of 800 Patients

Highlights 800 shoulder MRIs were retrospectively evaluated for humeral, glenoidal and latero-glenoidal humeral offset, as well as cortical and humeral shaft axis offset. Significantly higher values for all analysed offset parameters were found in male shoulder joints compared to female shoulder joints. Significant side-specific differences were found for humeral, glenoidal and latero-glenoidal humeral offset. A correlation of the offset parameters with age or the osteoarthritis grade exist only for cortical offset. These results should be considered in shoulder diagnostics and surgery. Abstract Background: Humeral offset (HO) and glenoidal offset (GO) are important morphological parameters in diagnostics and therapy for shoulder pathologies. However, physiological reference values have not yet been sufficiently determined. The aim of the present study was to establish physiological reference values for shoulder offset parameters (SOPs). Methods: MRI images of the shoulder joints of 800 patients (mean age: 50.13 years [±16.01]) were analysed retrospectively. HO, GO, lateral glenoidal humeral offset (LGHO), humeral shaft axis offset (HAO) and cortical offset (CO) were measured. SOPs were examined for associations with age, gender, side and osteoarthritis. Results: The mean HO was 26.19 (±2.70), the mean GO was 61.79 (±5.67), the mean LGHO was 54.49 (±4.69), the mean HAO was 28.17 (±2.82) and the mean CO was 16.70 (±3.08). For all SOPs, significantly higher values were measured in male shoulders. There was a significantly (p < 0.001) higher mean value for HO, GO and LGHO in right shoulders. There was a significant correlation between age and LGHO, and HAO and CO, but not between age and HO or GO. Shoulders with osteoarthritis and non-osteoarthritis did not differ in the mean value of HO, GO, LGHO and HAO, except for CO (p = 0.049). Conclusion: Reference values for SOPs in the adult shoulder joint were determined for the first time. Significant gender-specific differences were found for all measured SOPs. In addition, it was seen that for some SOPs, the joint side and the patient’s age has to be taken into account in shoulder diagnostics and surgery.
The Mineral Composition of Bone Marrow, Plasma, Bones and the First Antlers of Farmed Fallow Deer

Simple Summary Young cervids build their skeleton during the growth of their first antlers, which is why this is a period of great demand for minerals. The mineral compositions of bone marrow, plasma, bones, and antlers are good indicators of changes that occur in the metabolism of farmed fallow deer. The aim of the study was to analyze the concentrations of 21 mineral elements (bulk elements: Ca, P, Mg, K, Na; trace elements: Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo; and toxic elements: Be, Al, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Ni) in the aforementioned tissues. The highest content was characterized by bulk elements whose content increased in bone, bone marrow and antlers according to the following series: Ca > P > Na > Mg > K. The plasma was characterized by a different concentration of individual elements in the order of Na > K > Ca > P > Mg. The analysis of trace and toxic elements indicated that higher levels were recorded in bone tissues (in antlers and then in bones). It is worth emphasizing that the research indicates a negative correlation between Ca and Cd and between Ca and Pb and between P and Pb in tissues. Abstract An adequate supply of essential nutrients is particularly important during the skeletal growth and development of young deer, especially in males, who build new antlers each year. The aim of the research was to analyze the levels of 21 mineral elements (including the bulk elements: Ca, P, Mg, K, Na; trace elements: Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo; and toxic elements: Be, Al, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Ni) in the bone marrow, plasma, bones, and first antlers of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). The mineral compositions of tissues were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Higher concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Cr, Zn, Se, Al, Ba and Ni were found in bone marrow than in plasma. The highest concentrations of Ca, P and Ba were recorded in fallow deer bone, while the highest concentrations of Mg, K, Na, Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Be, Al, As, Sb, Pb and Ni were found in the antlers. Moreover, the research showed a significant negative relationship between Ca and Cd, and between Ca and Pb, and P and Pb (rS = −0.70, rS = −0.80, and rS = −0.66, respectively; p < 0.05) in the tissues.
Microstructure—Thermal Property Relationships of Poly (Ethylene Glycol-b-Caprolactone) Copolymers and Their Micelles

The crystallinity of polymers strongly affects their properties. For block copolymers, whereby two crystallisable blocks are covalently tethered to one another, the molecular weight of the individual blocks and their relative weight fraction are important structural parameters that control their crystallisation. In the case of block copolymer micelles, these parameters can influence the crystallinity of the core, which has implications for drug encapsulation and release. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine how the microstructure of poly(ethylene glycol-b-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) copolymers contributes to the crystallinity of their hydrophobic PCL micelle cores. Using a library of PEG-b-PCL copolymers with PEG number-average molecular weight (Mn) values of 2, 5, and 10 kDa and weight fractions of PCL (fPCL) ranging from 0.11 to 0.67, the thermal behaviour and morphology were studied in blends, bulk, and micelles using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), and Synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Compared to PEG and PCL homopolymers, the block copolymers displayed reduced crystallinity in the bulk phase and the individual blocks had a large influence on the crystallisation of one another. The fPCL was determined to be the dominant contributor to the extent and order of crystallisation of the two blocks. When fPCL < 0.35, the initial crystallisation of PEG led to an amorphous PCL phase. At fPCL values between 0.35 and 0.65, PEG crystallisation was followed by PCL crystallisation, whereas this behaviour was reversed when fPCL > 0.65. For lyophilised PEG-b-PCL micelles, the crystallinity of the core increased with increasing fPCL, although the core was predominately amorphous for micelles with fPCL < 0.35. These findings contribute to understanding the relationships between copolymer microstructure and micelle core crystallinity that are important for the design and performance of micellar drug delivery systems, and the broader application of polymer micelles.
Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces-Derived Exosome-like Vesicles and Egr-miR-277a-3p Promote Dendritic Cell Maturation and Differentiation

Cystic echinococcosis, a major parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, seriously threatens human health. The excretory–secretory (ES) products of E. granulosus can induce immune tolerance in dendritic cells (DCs) to downregulate the host’s immune response; however, the effect of exosomes in the ES products on the DCs has remained unclear. This study showed that E. granulosus protoscoleces-derived exosome-like vesicles (PSC-ELVs) could be internalized by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), allowing for the delivery of the parasite microRNAs to the BMDCs. Moreover, PSC-ELVs induced BMDCs to produce the proinflammatory cytokinesinterleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). PSC-ELVs also upregulated the BMDCs surface marker major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), as well as costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86. PSC-ELV-derived egr-miR-277a-3p upregulated the IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α mRNA levels in BMDCs. Moreover, egr-miR-277a-3p directly targeted Nfkb1 (encoding nuclear factor kappa B 1) to significantly suppress the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB1 in BMDCs, while the expression of NF-κB p65 significantly increased, suggesting that egr-miR-277a-3p induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the modification of the NF-kB p65/p50 ratio in BMDCs. These results demonstrated that PSC-ELVs and egr-miR-277a-3p might enhance DCs maturation and differentiation in a cross-species manner, which in turn may modulate the host immune responses and offer a new approach to echinococcosis prevention and treatment.
Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Chinese Healthy Population

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gene polymorphisms on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in a healthy Chinese population. (2) Methods: A total of 403 healthy volunteers from a series of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) bioequivalence trials in China were included. Coagulation tests for PT and APTT were performed in the central lab at Peking University First Hospital. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and genome-wide association analysis were performed. (3) Results: In the correlation analysis of PT, 105 SNPs from 84 genes reached the genome-wide significance threshold (p < 1 × 10−5). Zinc Finger Protein 594 (ZNF594) rs184838268 (p = 4.50 × 10−19) was most significantly related to PT, and Actinin Alpha 1 (ACTN1) was found to interact most with other candidate genes. Significant associations with previously reported candidate genes Aurora Kinase B (AURKB), Complement C5(C5), Clock Circadian Regulator (CLOCK), and Histone Deacetylase 9(HDAC9) were detected in our dataset (p < 1 × 10−5). PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 2(PGBD2) rs75935520 (p = 4.49 × 10−6), Bromodomain Adjacent To Zinc Finger Domain 2A(BAZ2A) rs199970765 (p = 5.69 × 10−6) and Protogenin (PRTG) rs80064850 (p = 8.69 × 10−6) were significantly correlated with APTT (p < 1 × 10−5). The heritability values of PT and APTT were 0.83 and 0.64, respectively; (4) Conclusion: The PT and APTT of healthy populations are affected by genetic polymorphisms. ZNF594 and ACTN1 variants could be novel genetic markers of PT, while PRTG polymorphisms might be associated with APTT levels. The findings could be attributed to ethnic differences, and need further investigation.
Effects of One-Year Tofacitinib Therapy on Lipids and Adipokines in Association with Vascular Pathophysiology in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity, mortality and metabolic syndrome are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A recent trial has suggested increased risk of major CV events (MACE) upon the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib compared with anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) therapy. In our study, we evaluated lipids and other metabolic markers in relation to vascular function and clinical markers in RA patients undergoing one-year tofacitinib therapy. Patients and methods: Thirty RA patients treated with either 5 mg or 10 mg bid tofacitinib were included in a 12-month follow-up study. Various lipids, paraoxonase (PON1), myeloperoxidase (MPO), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and adipokine levels, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, adipsin and chemerin were determined. In order to assess flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial pulse-wave velocity (PWV) ultrasonography were performed. Assessments were carried out at baseline, and 6 and 12 months after initiating treatment. Results: One-year tofacitinib therapy significantly increased TC, HDL, LDL, APOA, APOB, leptin, adipsin and TSP-1, while significantly decreasing Lp(a), chemerin, PON1 and MPO levels. TG, lipid indices (TC/HDL and LDL/HDL), adiponectin and resistin showed no significant changes. Numerous associations were found between lipids, adipokines, clinical markers and IMT, FMD and PWV (p < 0.05). Regression analysis suggested, among others, association of BMI with CRP and PWV (p < 0.05). Adipokines variably correlated with age, BMI, CRP, CCP, FMD, IMT and PWV, while MPO, PON1 and TSP-1 variably correlated with age, disease duration, BMI, RF and PWV (p < 0.05). Conclusions: JAK inhibition by tofacitinib exerts balanced effects on lipids and other metabolic markers in RA. Various correlations may exist between metabolic, clinical parameters and vascular pathophysiology during tofacitinib treatment. Complex assessment of lipids, metabolic factors together with clinical parameters and vascular pathophysiology may be utilized in clinical practice to determine and monitor the CV status of patients in relation with clinical response to JAK inhibition.
Novel Therapeutic Approach in PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles of Apigenin for the Treatment of Cancer via Oral Nanomedicine

The goal of this study was to optimize and formulate apigenin (APG)-loaded pegylated chitosan nanoparticles (PEGylated-CNPs) via ionic gelation techniques using the Box–Behnken design (BBD). Three individual variables, X1(chitosan: TPP concentration), X2 (PEG-400 concentration), and X3 (sonication time), were investigated for their influence on response variables (Y1—particle size (PS); Y2—drug entrapment efficiency (DEE); and Y3—zeta potential (ZP). The optimized formula of APG-PEGylated CNPs was picked from the statistical design and was then examined for physical, morphological, release characterization, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor potential. The average PS, PDI, %DEE, and ZP were found to be 139.63 ± 5.67 nm, 0.296 ± 0.014, 79.55 ± 3.12%, and 24.68 ± 1.84 mV, respectively. The optimized APG formulation was chosen and reformulated based on the desirability function. Results of the observed and predicted values of responses through the BBD process were found to be nearly identical. The resulting APG-PEGylated CNPs were spherical and smooth, according to surface morphology studies. The release study revealed that PEGylated-CNPs exhibited biphasic release patterns distinguished by an initial burst release of APG only at early phases accompanied by a delayed release near 24 h. Furthermore, APG-PEGylated CNPs demonstrated statistically increased antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells compared to pure APG. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that BBD was efficient in optimizing the PEGylated CNPs formulation and recognizing the impacts of formulation variables. In conclusion, the developed formulation has a significant potential for anticancer therapy.
Young magmatism and Si‐rich melts on Mars as documented in the enriched gabbroic shergottite NWA 6963

Enriched shergottites contain interstitial Si‐rich mesostasis; however, it is unclear whether such mesostasis is formed by impact or magmatic processes. We use laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb measurements of minerals within the interstitial Si‐rich mesostasis and of merrillite within the coarse‐grained groundmass of Martian‐enriched gabbroic shergottite Northwest Africa (NWA) 6963. The date derived of tranquillityite, Cl‐apatite, baddeleyite, and feldspar from the Si‐rich mesostasis is 172.4 ± 6.1 Ma, and the derived merrillite date is 178.3 ± 10.6 Ma. We conclude, based on textural observation, that merrillite is a late magmatic phase in NWA 6963, that it was not produced by shock, and that its U–Pb‐system was not reset by shock. The indistinguishable dates of the gabbroic merrillite and the minerals within the Si‐rich mesostasis in NWA 6963 indicate that the Si‐rich mesostasis represents a late‐stage differentiated melt produced in the final phase of the magmatic history of the gabbroic rock and not a shock melt. This can likely be transferred to similar Si‐rich mesostases in other enriched shergottites and opens the possibility for investigations of Si‐rich mesostasis in enriched shergottites to access their magmatic evolution. Our results also provide a crystallization age of 174 ± 6 Ma (weighted average) for NWA 6963.
Radiation drag in the field of a non-spherical source

The motion of a test particle in the gravitational field of a non-spherical source endowed with both mass and mass quadrupole moment is investigated when a test radiation field is also present. The background is described by the Erez-Rosen solution, which is a static spacetime belonging to the Weyl class of solutions to the vacuum Einstein's field equations, and reduces to the familiar Schwarzschild solution when the quadrupole parameter vanishes. The radiation flux has a fixed but arbitrary (non-zero) angular momentum. The interaction with the radiation field is assumed to be Thomson-like, i.e., the particles absorb and re-emit radiation, thus suffering for a friction-like drag force. Such an additional force is responsible for the Poynting-Robertson effect, which is well established in the framework of Newtonian gravity and has been recently extended to the general theory of relativity. The balance between gravitational attraction, centrifugal force and radiation drag leads to the occurrence of equilibrium circular orbits which are attractors for the surrounding matter for every fixed value of the interaction strength. The presence of the quadrupolar structure of the source introduces a further degree of freedom: there exists a whole family of equilibrium orbits parametrized by the quadrupole parameter, generalizing previous works. This scenario is expected to play a role in the context of accretion matter around compact objects.
Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Human and Poultry Samples in Georgia (Caucasus)

Antimicrobial resistance remains a public health concern globally. This study presents antimicrobial resistance by microdilution and genetic diversity by the whole-genome sequencing of Campylobacter spp. from human and poultry samples isolated in Georgia in 2020/2021. The major species in poultry samples was C. coli, while C. jejuni was preferentially isolated from human samples. Resistance against tetracycline was highest (100%) in C. coli from industrial chicken and lowest in C. jejuni from clinical isolates (36%), while resistance against ciprofloxacin varied from 80% in C. jejuni from backyard chicken to 100% in C. jejuni and C. coli from industrial chicken. The point mutations in gyrA (T86I) and tet (O) genes were detected as resistance determinants for (fluoro-)quinolone or tetracycline resistance, respectively. Ertapenem resistance is still enigmatic. All isolates displayed sensitivity towards erythromycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Multi-resistance was more frequently observed in C. coli than in C. jejuni, irrespective of the isolation matrix, and in chicken isolates compared to human isolates, independent of the Campylobacter species. The Georgian strains showed high variability of multi-locus sequence types (ST), including novel STs. This study provides the first antibiotic resistance data from Campylobacter spp. in Georgia and addresses the need for follow-up monitoring programs.
Vassiliev invariants and de Rham complex on the space of knots

For mounting a food product, such as a frankfurter or an apple, on a stick, an apparatus includes relatively reciprocable jaws which converge on and hold the food product in position on an insertion axis. Individual sticks are gravity fed through a supply duct which aligns each stick with the insertion axis. A reciprocating rod drives each stick along the insertion axis into the food product.
Acceptance and compliance with micronutrient powder (MNP) among children aged 6–23 months in northern Nigeria

This study sought to understand the utilization patterns and influencing factors of micronutrient powder (MNP) use among children aged 6–23 months in northern Nigeria as part of formative research to inform the design of an infant and young child feeding (IYCF) intervention. It had an iterative, multi-phase design whereby mixed methods data were collected from 144 households participating in an 8-week home-feeding trial. During the first four weeks, 12-hour direct observations were conducted with 24 households using MNP. Over the next four weeks, 18 of the same households were observed. In-depth interviews were also conducted among 27 caregivers to understand factors related to utilization. Unannounced spot checks (n = 86) were also conducted to gauge MNP compliance. Most households (76.7%) (66/86) adhered to instructions for using MNP (Adamawa (34/44 = 77.3%) and Kebbi (32/42 = 76.2%)). Facilitating factors to MNP adherence were identified, most notably the high ease of utilization, with 90.0% of caregivers indicating the MNP was ‘easy’ or ‘very easy’ to use. Several barriers to MNP compliance were identified and organized into three domains: product-related (e.g. difficulty opening sachet), child-related (e.g. not finishing fortified staple), and caregiver-related (e.g. difficulty making food daily). In Kebbi and Adamawa, MNP was accepted and utilized according to guidelines among most study participants. Findings may be used for scaling up MNP within a more comprehensive IYCF intervention in northern Nigeria.
The cosmic ray ionization rate in solarlike star forming regions

The ionization fraction in molecular clouds and protostellar envelopes is an essential quantity for the understanding of their chemical evolution. An important source of ionization are cosmic ray particles that can penetrate deeply into the cloud. At a certain evolutionary stage which is not yet clearly determined young stellar objects start to emit UV and X-ray photons that carry enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules. To be able to estimate the influence of this high energetic protostellar emission on the ionization rate, it is necessary to know the permanent background ionization rate by cosmic rays. In our work, we have measured transitions of the formyl ion HCO+ and its deuterated species DCO+ in a set of thirteen sources in order to calculate the cosmic ray ionization rate. Our observations were carried out at the KOSMA telescope on the Gornergrat. Then, our data were modelled with radiative transfer codes, which did not produce satisfying results. Hence we used local thermal equilibrium methods for our calculations. Finally, we obtained an average ionization rate of 〈ζ〉 = (3.42± 2.00) · 10−17 s−1.
Non-immersion theorems for lens spaces

The purpose o f this paper is to show some non-immersion theorems for lens spaces. For the proof we shall use the theorem of T . Kambe which determines the structure of K s -rings of the lens space [6 ] and the theorem of T. Kambe, H. Matsunaga and H. Toda on stunted lens spaces [7 ]. Throughout this note p is always an odd prime. Let S2"' 1 be the unit (2n+1)-sphere. A point of S '" is represented by a sequence (z o , •••, z„) o f complex numbers z i ( i =0 , •-•, n ) with E r = 1 . L e t 7 be the rotation of S '+ ' defined by 7(zo , •••, z„) (Nzo , •••, xz„), w h ere x, = e u P, and let r be the topological transformation group o f S 2 0 ÷' of order p generated by 7 . Then
Chalcone-Acridine Hybrid Suppresses Melanoma Cell Progression via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Modulation of MAP Kinases Activity

This study was focused on investigating the antiproliferative effects of chalcone hybrids in melanoma cancer cells. Among seven chalcone hybrids, the chalcone-acridine hybrid 1C was the most potent and was selected for further antiproliferative mechanism studies. This in vitro study revealed the potent antiproliferative effect of 1C via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was associated with modulation of expression or phosphorylation of specific cell cycle-associated proteins (cyclin B1, p21, and ChK1), tubulins, as well as with the activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Chalcone 1C also induced apoptosis accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and cytochrome c release followed by caspase 3/7 activation. In addition, increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK) was observed in chalcone 1C-treated melanoma cells. The strong antiproliferative activities of this chalcone-acridine hybrid suggest that it may be useful as an antimelanoma agent in humans.