Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RpoH 2 sigma factor controls the photooxidative stress response in a non-photosynthetic rhizobacterium , Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7

Bacteria belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria normally harbour multiple copies of the heat shock sigma factor (known as s, s or RpoH). Azospirillum brasilense, a non-photosynthetic rhizobacterium, harbours five copies of rpoH genes, one of which is an rpoH2 homologue. The genes around the rpoH2 locus in A. brasilense show synteny with that found in rhizobia. The rpoH2 of A. brasilense was able to complement the temperature-sensitive phenotype of the Escherichia coli rpoH mutant. Inactivation of rpoH2 in A. brasilense results in increased sensitivity to methylene blue and to triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Exposure of A. brasilense to TTC and the singlet oxygen-generating agent methylene blue induced several-fold higher expression of rpoH2. Comparison of the proteome of A. brasilense with its rpoH2 deletion mutant and with an A. brasilense strain overexpressing rpoH2 revealed chaperone GroEL, elongation factors (Ef-Tu and EF-G), peptidyl prolyl isomerase, and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase as the major proteins whose expression was controlled by RpoH2. Here, we show that the RpoH2 sigma factor-controlled photooxidative stress response in A. brasilense is similar to that in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, but that RpoH2 is not involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal in A. brasilense.
Preliminary screening of the effect of biochar properties and soil incorporation rate on lettuce growth to guide research and educate the public through extension

Extension service of the land grant university system is often the first source of public information for emerging soil amendments such as biochar. Biochar is a charcoal product made by heating plant biomass via pyrolysis and is increasingly marketed as an organic soil amendment. As energy-producing pyrolysis industries expand, there is increasing opportunity to utilize locally produced biochar for its potential value in sustainable agriculture. However, the highly variable properties of biochar materials and their effects on plant growth and soil nutrient supply make it difficult to objectively study the effect of this soil amendment and provide guidance to users of locally sourced biochar materials. Therefore, preliminary screening studies are needed to identify potentially beneficial ranges of biochar properties and their effects on soils and plants that can then be rigorously tested in field research. The role of extension in conducting such screening studies is invaluable to providing both guidance to researchers in developing sound study methods, and in educating the public on biochar and the myriad of uncertainties surrounding its use; thereby establishing the need for rigorous research on its properties. In 2014, a simple, yet informative screening trial was performed to identify optimal biochar pyrolysis production temperature, conditioning (that is, degree of crushing) and soil application rate for future field experiments. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, var. Parris Island Cos) chosen for its short growth period and rapid biomass development, was grown in 9-L pots filled with silt loam field soil amended with biochar and/or fertilizer (or none) made from Utah-sourced cherry wood. The pots were uniformly drip irrigated once daily to keep them near field capacity throughout the study period, thereby eliminating any influence of differential soil-plant-water relations. Three biochar products created from the same cherry wood source, but resulting from three different pyrolysis temperatures (375, 475 and 575°C) and either powder ground (P) or masticated (M) texture were applied to soil at three application rates (1, 2 and 3% by weight). Variation in plant dry weight at harvest within and among treatments was high. Lettuce growth with the addition of biochar was decreased as compared to control treatments in all cases, except for biochar produced at the lowest temperature, 375°C. Results indicate that masticated biochar produced at 375°C and applied to soil at the rate of 2% by mass offers the best combination of beneficial response and ease of handling for future field evaluations. This case study’s benefit for demonstrating the value of preliminary screening trials to inform both future research and public outreach education is discussed. Key words: Biochar, soil amendments, pyrolysis, plant growth, high temperatures.
OCCURRENCE OF MICROPLASTICS AND TRACE METALS IN FISH AND SHRIMP FROM SONGKHLA LAKE, THAILAND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The study was carried out in the beginning of May, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period in Thailand This study reported on the occurrence of microplastic debris in stomachs of fish (Arius maculatus) and shrimps (Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Metapenaeus brevicornis) from Songkhla Lake The average occurrences of microplastic pieces per stomach in fish and shrimps according to 10% digested KOH reagent were 2 73 ± 0 15, 4 11 ± 1 12 and 3 78 ± 1 12, respectively The most common shape of microplastics in fish and shrimp was fiber Black was the most frequent color found followed by blue, white and red Microplastic size found in this study ranged from 150 μm to 5 mm and 70% of microplastic size was less than 1 mm Five polymer types were reported including polyester, rayon, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene and paint It is worth noting that textile fiber also appeared in stomachs of fish and shrimp It might have been caused by the fact that during the lockdown period people change their way of life such as doing more laundry thus, releasing more cloth fibers (microplastics) into sewer and lake This study found anomalous correlation coefficients between the number of microplastic particles in the organisms’ stomachs and most of the metal concentrations in their tissues © 2021, ALOKI Kft , Budapest, Hungary
Serbian economy recovery in the post COVID-19 era: Cluster approach

The COVID-19 crisis differs from previous ones. It disrupts global value chains, redirects business toward regional cooperation in a highly globalized world, and forces new business model development toward digitalization. This crisis affected both supplyand demand-side and all countries worldwide, regardless of their economic strength. To support economic recovery, while at the same time fighting for health system endurance through lockdowns and prevention measures, economic decision-makers all around the globe have been using expansive macroeconomic policies. One of the first measures was loosening monetary policy. Such measure was taken in 80% of the countries globally and in all emerging markets. Fiscal policy was significant in supporting demand in the short-term, simultaneously resulting in higher public debt, which is becoming one of the constraints for future development. While economists of today are discussing which letter visualizes the best the character of this crisis - V, U, L, W, we got the letter K, which indicates that recovery among countries will differ in growth rates and duration. Accordingly, we are going to live in a world where change is the only constant. To survive within these conditions, digitalization and key clusters' development are crucial for long-term competitiveness. In this paper, we analyzed the competitiveness of the Serbian economy by using the Country Competitiveness Index, emphasizing the importance of microeconomic indicators that represent a powerful tool in analyzing crucial segments for the economy's recovery. We also focused on three clusters' potential: tech, agribusiness and organic food, and tourism.
Molecular Evidence for the Compilospecies Model of Reticulate Evolution in Armeria ( Plumbaginaceae )

—Cladistic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from 55 samples corresponding to 34 taxa in the genus Armeria reveal that ITS sequence diversity among and within species utterly conflicts with patterns of morphological similarity. Three facts are apparent from the results here reported: (1) different samples of a single subspecies, A. villosa subsp. longiaristata, appear in three of the five major clades; (2) samples of at least one of the six subspecies of A. villosa appear in four of the five major clades; and (3) the composition of major clades shows greater congruence with the geographic origin of plants than with the traditional systematic arrangement based primarily on morphology. Specifically, the clades here termed Ia, II, III, and IV each encompass terminals restricted to geographically delimited areas. There are alternative explanations for the ITS pattern, but the most likely one is that nucleotide positions supporting the major clades are due, in some of the samples, to concerted evolution following horizontal transfer (gene flow) rather than to recency of common ancestry. This interpretation is consistent with previous systematic and experimental evidence and implies that reticulation in Armeria may be extensive. Harlan and de Wet (1963, Evolution 17:497–501) proposed the compilospecies concept to account for situations in which a genetically “aggressive” species captures portions of the genome of other sympatric species by means of extensive introgression. Evidence of extensive reticulation, ecological diversification, and geographic pattern indicates that A. villosa may fit the compilospecies concept, which is here supported on molecular grounds for the first time. {Armeria; compilospecies; concerted evolution; hybridization; Plumbaginaceae; ribosomal DNA; reticulate
Experimental study on molding technology for a mixture of corn straw and cow manure

To improve the comprehensive utilization of planting and breeding waste resources, corn straw and cow manure were used as raw materials for exploring the molding process parameters for preparing agricultural fertilizers via compression after mixing. The pressure, compression speed, and holding time were the experimental factors, while the block drainage, compression ratio, and dimensional stability were used as evaluation indicators. This study analyzed the influence of various factors on the quality evaluation index of the formed blocks. The results show that the best factor ranges were as follows: a pressure of 15 kN to 24 kN, a compression speed of 200 mm/min to 400 mm/min, and a holding time of 30 s to 60 s. A ternary quadratic regression and rotating-combination test design was used to optimize the combination of forming parameters as well as performing test verification. The formed block yielded the following results: a block drainage of 6.29%, a compression ratio of 3.37, a dimensional stability of 86.5%, a pressure of 23.9 kN, a compression speed of 276 mm/min, and a holding time of 53.1 s. These results can provide a reference for the molding process and equipment development of corn straw and cow manure mixed fertilizer.
Shape optimization of a curved duct with free form deformations

The Free Form Deformation method was applied to a S-duct geometry to reduce total pressure losses and flow distortion. The deformation method was coupled with a multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize the shape of a diffusing S-duct, which was previously investigated, both numerically and experimentally. During the optimization process, 200 deformed shapes were tested with steady-state CFD simulations and the performances were evaluated both in terms of total pressure losses and swirl angle at the outlet. It was obtained a Pareto front with a maximum total pressure losses reduction of 20% and a maximum swirl reduction of 10%. The two extreme points of the Pareto front were further investigated by transient Detached Eddy Simulations to assess also the impact of the optimization on the flow instability. Surprisingly, one of the solutions showed stable and stationary vortical structures. This is in strong contrast with the previous investigations of the flow field time history of the baseline configuration, which outlined strong oscillations of the flow field combined with a high increase of the distortion parameters in comparison with the time-averaged flow field.
comparison of deadlift versus back squatpostactivation potentiation onvertical jump

Strength coaches are searching for the best ways to train athletes to be bigger, faster, and stronger in order to increase performance. A unique form of training is to invoke postactivation potentiation whichis based on the premise of performing a heavy resistance exercise followed by anexplosive exercise, resulting in increased power performance. Back squats are normally used, but a less researched tool is the hex bar deadlift. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the potentiating effects of back squats vs. hex bar deadlifts on vertical jump performance. Twenty resistance-trained men (age = 22.15 ± 2.66 yrs, ht = 178.10 ± 7.20 cm, mass = 78.91 ± 8.67 kg) volunteered to participate and performed 3 pre countermovement jumps then 3 repetitions of back squat or hex bar deadlift at 85% of their 1-repetition max. To perform the countermovement jump, subjects jumped with arm swing on a force plate. The back squat was performed with a standard barbell in a power rack with a safety squat device to insure a thigh parallel positionwhile the hex bar deadlift was performed using the low handles without straps. Following the lifts, subjects rested 8 minutes then performed 3 post countermovement jumps. A control condition consisted of 3 pre countermovement jumps, 8 minutes of standing rest, then 3 post countermovement jumps. For jump height, there was an interaction of condition x time where the control (pre 62.17 ± 7.48cm, post 60.90 ± 7.17cm) and squat (pre 62.33 ± 7.57cm, post 60.87 ± 7.42cm) conditions resulted in significant decreases in post vertical jump with no difference for deadlift (pre 61.54 ± 7.14cm, post 61.47 ± 7.73cm). Performing a hex bar deadlift mainained vertical jump compared to a heavy back squat and may be preferential for acute performance. Careful manipulation of critical variables is paramount to eliciting postactivation potentiation. *Corresponding author: Lee E Brown, Department of Kinesiology, Center for Sport Performance, Human Performance Laboratory, California State University, Fullerton, USA, Tel: +16572784605; Fax: +16572781366; E-mail: leebrown@fullerton.edu Citation: Leyva WD, Archer DC, Munger CN, Galpin AJ, Coburn JW, et al. (2016) Comparison of Deadlift Versus Back Squatpostactivation Potentiation Onvertical Jump. Gavin J Orthop Res Ther 2016: 6-10. Received: 12 May, 2016; Accepted: 21 June, 2016; Published: 5 July, 2016
THE IMPACT OF INSTAGRAM AS A SOCIAL MEDIA TOOL ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISION ON NIKE

The world has been changed and globalized with technology's revolution with communication and the spread of information, while social media is now known as an important part of marketing strategies. Instagram is one of the social media platforms that most people use. Nike is one of the market leaders sneakers brand in the world but in Indonesia, there is a decreasing band index of Nike in the last three years. Therefore, the researcher conducted a study to analyze the factor that could influence customer purchase decisions and focused on Nike brands. This study using celebrity endorsement, Instagram advertising, E-WOM, perceived quality as the X variable with brand awareness as a mediating variable. This research used a quantitative method using PLS-SEM to analyze the respondent (n= 305) who in age 20-40 which is the Millennials generation. The result showed that perceived quality did not significantly influence both purchase decision and brand awareness. Whereas celebrity endorsement, Instagram advertising, and E-WOM significantly influence consumer purchase decisions and brand awareness. This research also found that brand awareness has a positive relationship with the purchase decision.
Yeasts and filamentous fungi in psittacidae and birds of prey droppings in midwest region of Brazil : a potential hazard to human health

Birds of prey and from Psittacidae family are host to fungal microbiota and play an important role in the epidemiology of zoonoses. Few studies in the literature have characterized mycelial and yeast fungi in the droppings of these birds and correlated the isolates with the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms. Droppings from 149 birds were evaluated and divided into two groups: captive: Rhea americana araneipes, Primolius maracana, Ara ararauna, Ara chloropterus, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Amazona aestiva, Ara macao macao, Ramphastos toco, Sarcoramphus papa, Busarellus igricollis, Bubo virginianus nacurutu, Buteogallus coronatus, Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga, Spizaetus melanoleucus, Spizaetus ornatus ornatus, Buteo albonotatus, Geranoaetus albicaudatus albicaudatus, Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris and Harpia harpyja, and quarantined birds: Amazona aestiva and Eupsitulla aurea. The fungal isolates were identified according to macroscopic (gross colony appearance), micromorphological and biochemical characteristics. Among birds displayed in enclosures, Aspergillus niger (41.1%) and Candida kefyr (63.8%) were the fungi most frequently isolated in Harpia harpyja and Ramphastos toco, respectively. For quarantined birds, the following percentages were observed in Eupsittula aurea, (76.6%) C. krusei, (84.4%) C. kefyr and (15.2%) C. famata, while in Amazona aestiva, (76.2%) C. krusei was observed. These findings indicate potentially pathogenic species in the bird droppings assessed, which constitute a risk of exposure for keepers and individuals who visit the zoo. Birds of the Cerrado and Pantanal of Mato Grosso (Central Western region of Brazil) could act in the epidemiological chain of important zoonoses.
Extremely Low Reciprocity and Strong Homophily in the World Largest MSM Social Network

Traditional survey-based methods are limited in the sample size and inference ability for the study of men who have sex with men (MSM), one of the most vulnerable groups at increased risk of HIV. Internet data, on the other hand, have provided publicly accessible information about such groups at unprecedented scale and resolution. Here we present statistics for the user demographics characteristics in the world's largest MSM geosocial networking application, Blued, and analyze the social network structure with 11,408,872 nodes and 838,910,078 edges extracted from user-following relationships on Blued. Network features, such as degree distribution, reciprocity, degree assortativity, homophily, and community are studied. We find that, in contrast to earlier analyses on social networks of general populations, the MSM social network is disassortative and shows extremely low reciprocity. Users in their twenties are excessively followed by users from all age groups, and network homophily for age and country are strong.
Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century

This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the twentieth century. We use three new datasets: a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920; a dataset of the employment, location and patents of firms active in RD and a historical state-level corporate tax database since 1900, which we link to an existing database on state-level personal income taxes. Our analysis focuses on the impact of taxes on individual inventors and firms (the micro level) and on states over time (the macro level). We propose several identification strategies, all of which yield consistent results: i) OLS with fixed effects, including inventor and state-times-year fixed effects, which make use of differences between tax brackets within a state-year cell and which absorb heterogeneity and contemporaneous changes in economic conditions; ii) an instrumental variable approach, which predicts changes in an individual or firm's total tax rate with changes in the federal tax rate only; iii) event studies, synthetic cohort case studies, and a border county strategy, which exploits tax variation across neighboring counties in different states. We find that taxes matter for innovation: higher personal and corporate income taxes negatively affect the quantity and quality of inventive activity and shift its location at the macro and micro levels. At the macro level, cross-state spillovers or business-stealing from one state to another are important, but do not account for all of the effect. Agglomeration effects from local innovation clusters tend to weaken responsiveness to taxation. Corporate inventors respond more strongly to taxes than their non-corporate counterparts.
A Multi-Sourced Data Retrodiction of Remotely Sensed Terrestrial Water Storage Changes for West Africa

Remotely sensed terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC) from the past Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission cover a relatively short period (≈15 years). This short span presents challenges for long-term studies (e.g., drought assessment) in data-poor regions like West Africa (WA). Thus, we developed a Nonlinear Autoregressive model with eXogenous input (NARX) neural network to backcast GRACE-derived TWSC series to 1979 over WA. We trained the network to simulate TWSC based on its relationship with rainfall, evaporation, surface temperature, net-precipitation, soil moisture, and climate indices. The reconstructed TWSC series, upon validation, indicate high skill performance with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 11.83 mm/month and coefficient correlation of 0.89. The validation was performed considering only 15% of the available TWSC data not used to train the network. More so, we used the total water content changes (TWCC) synthesized from Noah driven global land data assimilation system in a simulation under the same condition as the GRACE data. The results based on this simulation show the feasibility of the NARX networks in hindcasting TWCC with RMSE of 8.06 mm/month and correlation coefficient of 0.88. The NARX network proved robust to adequately reconstruct GRACE-derived TWSC estimates back to 1979.
Comparison and Analysis of Rotor-Spun Composite Yarn and Sirofil Yarn

As a result of various spinning types, different kinds of yarns have different structures and performances. In this research we developed a composite yarn spinning system that produces different kinds of composite yarns containing filament on a modified rotor spinning frame. Rotor-spun composite yarn and sirofil were produced by a modified rotor spinning machine and a modified ring spinning machine, respectively. Their longitudinal views, abra sion resistance, hairiness and breaking strength were tested and analysed. The conclusion obtained was that, compared with sirofil, rotor-spun composite yarn has a smoother surface, less hairiness, higher abrasion resistance, lower breaking strength and better evenness.
Stability of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of five fruit (apple, orange, grape, pomelo and kiwi) juices during in vitro‐simulated gastrointestinal digestion

Summary The in vitro digestive stability of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of five kinds of commonly consumed fruit juices in the daily diet, including apple juice (AJ), orange juice (OJ), grape juice (GJ), pomelo juice (PJ) and kiwifruit juice (KJ), were studied. Following in vitro digestion, the total phenolic (TP) content of fruit juices decreased to different extents by 35%, 25.3%, 23.5%, 22.2% and 7.8% for KJ, OJ, PJ, GJ and AJ, respectively. The individual phenolic content showed similar changes to the TP content, showing reductions of naringenin-trisaccharide in OJ and PJ, epicatechin in GJ, and chlorogenic acid in AJ by 43.74%, 27.59%, 47.11% and 33.28%, respectively. Conversely, the antioxidant capacity of fruit juices during digestion measured by ABTS assay increased from 4.79% to 35.53%, except in KJ, which decreased by 19.34%. These results show the health benefits of fruit juices after processing and contribute towards establishing suitable dietary recommendations.