Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of tiafenacil applied preplant alone or mixed with metribuzin for glyphosate-resistant horseweed control in soybean

Abstract Tiafenacil is a recently developed protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide from the pyrimidinedione chemical class that is proposed for use as a preplant (PP) burndown in soybean. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed is a troublesome weed often found in no-till systems that can dramatically reduce soybean yield; control in soybean has been variable. Five field experiments were conducted over 2019 and 2020 in commercial soybean fields with GR horseweed to determine the biologically effective dose (BED) of tiafenacil and tiafenacil + metribuzin and to compare their efficacy to currently accepted industry standard herbicide treatments in identity-preserved (IP, non-GMO), GR, and glyphosate/dicamba-resistant (GDR) soybean systems. There was no soybean injury with treatments evaluated. The calculated doses of tiafenacil for 50%, 80%, and 95% control of GR horseweed control were 21, 147, and >200 g ai ha–1, respectively, at 8 wk after application (WAA). Lower doses were calculated with the addition of metribuzin (400 g ai ha–1) to tiafenacil for 50% and 80% control, with no dose of tiafenacil + metribuzin providing 95% control. Tiafenacil + metribuzin at 25 + 400 and 50 + 400 g ai ha–1 controlled GR horseweed 88% and 93%, respectively, which was similar to the industry standards of saflufenacil + metribuzin (25 + 400 g ai ha–1) and glyphosate/dicamba + saflufenacil (1,200/600 + 25 g ai ha–1) that provided 98% and 100% control, respectively, at 8 WAA. This study presents the potential utility of tiafenacil + metribuzin as a GR horseweed management strategy in soybean. Nomenclature: Dicamba; glyphosate; metribuzin; saflufenacil; tiafenacil; horseweed; Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Physical and chemical properties of urban aerosols in São Paulo,
Brazil: Links between composition and size distribution of
submicron particles

Abstract. In this work, the relationships between size and composition of submicron particles (PM1) were analyzed at an urban site in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), a megacity with about 21 million inhabitants. The measurements were carried out from 20th December 2016 to 15th March 2017. The chemical composition was measured with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor and size distribution with a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer 3082. PM1 mass concentrations in the MASP had an average mass concentration of 11.4 μg m−3. Organic aerosol (OA) dominated the PM1 composition (56 %), followed by sulfate (15 %) and equivalent black carbon (eBC, 13 %). Four OA classes were identified using Positive Matrix Factorization: oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, 40 % of OA), biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA, 13 %), and two hydrocarbon-like OA components (a typical HOA related to vehicular emissions (16 %), and a second HOA (21 %) representing a mix of anthropogenic sources). Particle number concentrations averaged 12100 ± 6900 cm−3, dominated by the Aitken mode. Accumulation mode increased under relatively high PM1 concentrations, suggesting an enhancement of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. Conversely, the contribution of nucleation mode particles was less dependent on PM1 levels, coherent with vehicular emissions. The relationship between aerosol size modes and PM1 composition was assessed by multilinear regression models. Mass loading in the nucleation mode was associated mostly with eBC, HOA and OOA, suggesting the contribution of primary and secondary particles from traffic sources. Secondary inorganic aerosols were partitioned between Aitken and accumulation modes, related to condensation particle growth processes. Submicron mass loading in accumulation mode was mostly associated with highly oxidized OOA and also traffic-related emissions. To the author's knowledge, this is the first work that use the MLR methodology to estimate the chemical composition of the different aerosol size modes. The results emphasize the relevance of vehicular emissions to the air quality at MASP and highlight the key role of secondary processes on the PM1 ambient concentrations in the region since 56 % of PM1 mass loading was attributed to SOA and secondary inorganic aerosol.
Estimation Of Excessive Weight Loss In Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Prediction Model Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Objective: Bariatric surgery has been recognized as the most effective long-term treatment for morbid obesity. Despite the considerable positive results, adverse consequence can develop. Excessive Weight Loss (EXWL), a rare consequence of bariatric surgery, can lead to a broad adverse consequence. The aim of this study was determining of prevalence and the predicting model of EXWL in patient underwent bariatric surgery until 24 months after surgery.Material and Methods: Data have been extracted from the National Obesity Surgery Database in obesity clinic of * University of Medical Sciences. The subjects of this retrospective cohort study were morbid obese individuals who underwent three various types of bariatric surgery (One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG)) in period of 24 months ago. EXWL has been defined as excess weight loss more than 100% at any time until 24 months after surgery. SPSS (version 23) was used in data analysis.Results: Among 4214 subjects of this study, most excess weight loss after surgery has taken place in 18 months after surgery. 18.5% (n=407) of patients experienced EXWL with highest percentage among OAGB patients (22.6%). The females (20.4% vs.9.9%) and younger persons (35.45 ± 10.25 vs. 39.06 ± 10.76) were more susceptible to EXWL. patients with EXWL had significantly lower BMI (body mass index) (41.11± 4.51 vs. 46.73±6.26) (Kg/m2), and were less probable to had emotional eating. Visceral fat level, fat percentage and BMI were the best predictor of EXWL (P-value for all <0.05). Conclusions: Surgery should be adjusted in younger females with a lower BMI and healthy metabolic status who are more prone to EXWL. In such a way that minimize weight loss speed/value. It may be possible by selection of other surgery procedures, rather than OAGB, tighter follow ups and consultations of patients after surgery is emphasized for more EXWL vulnerable patients.
Deformation of Antigorite and Its Geological Implications

The deformation model of antigorite and its relationship to intermediate‐depth earthquakes are still controversial. Here, we conducted deformation experiments on foliated iron‐poor antigorite at confining pressures of 1,100–1,500 MPa, temperatures of 400–600°C, and axial displacement rates of 3.75 × 10−6–7.24 × 10−4 mm/s using a solid‐medium Griggs‐type apparatus. As the temperature and/or pressure increases, the stress exponent decreases, and all samples show stable fault slip. Microstructural observations show ductile behavior indicated by kinking and bending of the originally straight foliation, and brittle characteristics, such as Riedel shear, comminution, and microcracking. Therefore, antigorite deformation is controlled by a semibrittle regime. Antigorite decomposed to forsterite and enstatite in samples sheared at temperatures ≥550°C but not in samples triaxially compressed at 600°C. This observation, combined with phase boundary information, implies that the deformation geometry (e.g., triaxial compression or shear) may change the phase stability of antigorite. Following dehydration, samples still show stable fault slip, indicating that dehydration does not directly trigger earthquakes. In cold subduction zones, fine‐grained antigorite in the core of the shear zone likely induces seismic activity by producing water and talc (or a talc‐like phase) in the process of shear friction because such phases within the fault zone may reduce the rate dependence, thereby inducing unstable slip. The comparison of the semibrittle strengths of antigorite and dunite and the weak strain rate dependence of stress suggest that a thin antigorite layer immediately above the subducting slab is not sufficient to cause significant decoupling between the slab and the mantle wedge.
Assessment of Microbiological Water Quality after Low Pressure Events in a Distribution System

Previous studies have monitored pressure transients and fluctuations in several distribution systems and low pressures (<20 psi) were commonly recorded, including a few negative pressure events. During a low-pressure event, microbiological contamination of the distribution system can result due to intrusion of contaminated water. However, no study to date has attempted to assess microbiological water quality in temporally-composited samples collected immediately following a pressure drop, nor have temporallycomposited samples been collected to statistically characterize microbiological water quality in a distribution system or point of entry. The findings presented here represent preliminary results from an ongoing study monitoring a large distribution system for pressure fluctuations and assessing microbiological water quality in 100-L water samples collected immediately after the occurrence of low pressure events. Pressure monitoring by up to six pressure loggers located at the point-of-entry (POE) and throughout the distribution system for four months found 11 distinct low pressure events. Of these, three separate events resulted in minimum pressure readings in the distribution system of 0 psi. The data indicate that these events can be both isolated and system-wide, and that system-wide events were associated with pressure drops at the POE. In addition to providing additional data on the occurrence of low pressure events in the distribution system, these data will assist in determining appropriate locations of automated monitoring and sampling units designed to collect water samples following low pressure events.
Lithothamnion (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta) in the changing Arctic and Subarctic: DNA sequencing of type and recent specimens provides a systematics foundation*

ABSTRACT Coralline red algae in the non-geniculate genera Clathromorphum, Phymatolithon and Lithothamnion are important benthic ecosystem engineers in the photic zone of the Arctic and Subarctic. In these regions, the systematics and biogeography of Clathromorphum and Phymatolithon have mostly been resolved whereas Lithothamnion has not, until now. Seventy-three specific and infraspecific names were given to Arctic and Subarctic Lithothamnion specimens in the late 19th and early 20th century by Frans R. Kjellman and Mikael H. Foslie. DNA sequences from 36 type specimens, five historical specimens, and an extensive sampling of recent collections resulted in the recognition of four Arctic and Subarctic Lithothamnion species, L. glaciale, L. lemoineae, L. soriferum and L. tophiforme. Three genes were sequenced, two plastid-encoded, rbcL and psbA, and the mitochondrial encoded COI-5P; rbcL and COI-5P segregated L. glaciale from L. tophiforme but psbA did not. Partial rbcL sequences obtained from type collections enabled us to correctly apply the earliest available names and to correctly place the remainder in synonymy. We were unable to sequence another 22 type specimens, but all of these are more recent names than those that are now applied. It is difficult to identify these species solely on morpho-anatomy as they can all occur as encrusting corallines or as maerl (rhodoliths). We demonstrate the importance of sequencing historical type specimens by showing that the recently proposed North-east Atlantic L. erinaceum is a synonym of one of the earliest published Arctic species of Lithothamnion, L. soriferum, itself incorrectly placed in synonymy under L. tophiforme based on morpho-anatomy. Based on sequenced specimens, we update the distributions and ecology of these species.
Preparation, Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Study of Vanadium Mixed Ligand Complexes Containing 4-Amino-5-hydrazinyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and Aminophenol Derivatives

The synthesis of mixed-ligand complexes is considered an important strategy for developing new metal complexes of enhanced biological activity. This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, in vitro antimicrobial assessment, and theoretical molecular docking evaluation for synthesized oxidovanadium (V) complexes. The proposed structures of the synthesized compounds were proved using elemental and different spectroscopic analysis. The antimicrobial tests showed moderate activity of the compounds against the Gram-positive bacterial strains and the fungal yeast, whereas no activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacterial strains. The performance of density functional theory (DFT) was conducted to study the interaction mode of the targeted compounds with the biological system. Calculating the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSPR) was performed depending on optimization geometries, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and chemical reactivities for synthesized compounds. The molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) that were plotted link the interaction manner of synthesized compounds with the receptor. The molecular docking evaluation revealed that the examined compounds may possess potential antibacterial activity.
Determinant of Early Age Sexual Initiation: Associated Factors Among Rural Women in Ethiopia: Evidence From EDHS 2016.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the determinant factors on early age sexual intercourse among rural women in Ethiopia.Methods: This study contains further analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 dataset. A total of 8001 participants of under reproductive age (15–49 years) women, who had at least one set of sexual intercourse, were involved in the analysis. The binary logistic multivariable analysis result was obtained by STATA-14 software. Results: Among the rural women in Ethiopia, more than half (59.6%) of women was experienced sexual intercourse at early age. The higher proportion of experiencing early age sexual initiation among rural women was found in Amhara (18.63%) region. Age of women [(OR= 0.374;95%CI:0.301-0.465) of 20-24 years, (OR= 0.44;95%CI:0.36-0.54) of 25-49 years], geopolitical region [Amhara (OR=1.514; 95%CI:1.25–1.83), Oromia (OR=0.74; 95%CI:0.64-0.905), Somali(OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.364-0.658), SNNPR (OR= 0.5; 95% CI: 1.13–1.81), and Dire Dawa (OR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.941)]; women age at first birth (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.11-0.5) of greater than 18 years old; HIV/AIDS awareness (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.183-1.604, had awareness); chat chewing(OR=1.23; 95% CI:1.03-1.47); willingness at first sex (OR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.22-3.8, by force); marital status [married women (OR=2.52; 95% CI:1.69-3.75); divorced/separated women(OR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.58-3.63)]; and educational attainment [secondary school and above completed (OR= 0.231; 95% CI: 0.183-0.291) and primary level of education (OR= 0.67; 95% CI: 0.06-0.76)] were examined as statistically significant factors.Conclusion: The commencement of early age sexual initiation among reproductive-age women was high. This study suggests that continued programmatic and policy initiatives should be directed to improve adolescent’s overall situation as a means of improving their sexual health.
Glass Cullet as Additive to New Sustainable Composites Based on Alumina Binder

The article investigated the possibility of reusing heat resistant glass cullet to improve the mechanical properties of high-temperature composites. This is an excellent recycled aggregate that may be used as a substitute for alumina cement, and for fine natural aggregate in the production of concrete based on hydraulic binder. The experimental programme comprised of strength testing conducted on 40 × 40 × 160 mm cuboidal samples. The model mixture was modified by filler that comprised glass recyclate, amounting to 5%, 10%, and 15% of the mass of gravel and cement. Given the degree of glass grounding, use was made of two fractions, 0/4 and 0/0.125 mm. Six modified mixtures were produced. Tests were then carried out on their selected physical and mechanical properties as well as the impact of temperature, topography, and chemical composition exerted on the composite. Next, the progress and development of compressive strength and flexural strength after 14 and 28 days of curing were studied. Results showed that concrete with a 5% content of glass dust had a maximum compressive strength at the level of 85.1 MPa. Results also showed that concrete (Zk.I.5) heated at a temperature of 500 °C had a 46% higher compressive strength when compared to basic concrete (Z.I.0). The results show that it is possible to use the described components to obtain a composite that meets requirements imposed on structural materials used in construction engineering.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Bitter and Neem Leaves and their Potential as Antimicrobial Growth Promoter in Poultry Feed

Gastrointestinal health challenges without in-feed antibiotics are a crucial concern to poultry farmers. Although, quite a few substitutes for antibiotics have emerged, phytogenics and antibiotic properties of medicinal plants cannot be overlooked with regard to control, good health and minimizing sub – clinical bacteria-induced infections by zoonotic enteropathogenic bacteria in poultry birds. Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves were collected early in the morning and oven dried to 15% moisture content. The non-essential oil was obtained by cold maceration method using methanol. Appropriate methods were used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in the respective oils. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals showed that, saponins and terpenoids were highly detected (+++) in V. amygdalina. Saponins and terpenoids were slightly detected (+) in A. indica. Phenolic compounds were highly detected (+++) in both plants. Flavonoids were also identified (++) in both plants, but tannins were highly detected (+++) in A. indica. Quantitative analysis revealed a rather high concentration of complete phenolic content and overall flavonoid content in V. amygdalina. Total phenolic content of 44.76 mg Gallic acid equivalent / g of extract and 57.21 mg Rutin equivalent / g of extract (total flavonoid content) was recorded in V. amygdalina and 25.77 mg Gallic acid equivalent / g of extract (total phenolic content) and 24.45 mg Rutin equivalent /g of extract (total flavonoid content) in A. indica. In conclusion, both plant extracts exhibited possibility as suitable substitutes to proprietary antibiotics that can be beneficial to gastrointestinal health and overall performance in animal nutrition.
Different Discussion Partners and Their Effect on Depression among Older Adults

Although the multidimensionality of core discussion networks has been well established and widely studied, studies of the effects of social support on depression rarely consider the multifaceted aspects of dyadic discussion partner ties. This article proposes defining dyadic social relationships as a construct comprising several tie-level attributes and differentiating multiple forms of support relationships by assessing the configuration pattern of multiple attributes. The current study examines various forms of older adults’ discussion partners and identifies which form of discussion partner relationship is effective at buffering the negative effects of adverse life events on depression symptoms. Results from the University of California Social Network Survey show that older adults’ discussion partners can be classified into five distinct types of dyadic ties: spouse/romantic partners, close neighbors, remote type, social companions, and acquaintances. The discussion network with more close neighbor confidants is more effective at buffering the negative effects of adverse life events. These results offer an alternative way of investigating the differential significance of various social support relationships in mental well-being.
Contrasting Public and Scientific Assessments of Fracking

This paper examines whether public perceptions of the claimed advantages and disadvantages of fracking are consistent with an evidence-based assessment of the claimed advantages and disadvantages. Public assessments are obtained from an internet-based opinion survey in 2014 in six states: California, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. The survey presented eleven advantages and eleven disadvantages of fracking derived from local media stories, from advocacy claims made by pro- or anti-fracking groups, and from think tank pieces. Then the respondents were asked to indicate their feelings about how important each claimed advantage and disadvantage was to their support of/opposition to fracking. Scientific assessments regarding the same claims are compiled from available peer-reviewed literature and evidence-based reviews. We classify each claim as either (a) supported by the weight of the available evidence, (b) not supported by the weight of the available evidence, or (c) there is inadequate evidence to assess it. We find less consistency with respect to the disadvantages than advantages. Respondents perceive four disadvantages out of eleven as extremely important while there is inadequate evidence to assess them or the available evidence does not support them. Our comparison has interesting implications for understanding the controversy about fracking.
Does Increasing Model Resolution Improve the Real-Time Forecasts of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones?

In this study, the general impact of high-resolution moving nesting domains on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and track forecasts was verified, for a total of 107 forecast cases of 33 TCs, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The experiment, with a coarse resolution of 12 km, could not significantly capture the intensification process, especially for maximum intensities (>60 m s−1). The intense TCs were better predicted by experiments using a moving nesting domain with a horizontal resolution of 4 km. The forecast errors for maximum wind speed and minimum sea-level pressure decreased in the experiment with higher resolution; the forecast of lifetime maximum intensity was improved. For the track forecast, the experiment with a coarser resolution tended to simulate TC tracks deviating rightward to the TC motions in the best-track data; this erroneous deflection was reduced in the experiment with a higher resolution. In particular, the track forecast in the experiment with a higher resolution improved more frequently for intense TCs that were generally distributed at relatively lower latitudes among the test cases. The sensitivity of the track forecast to the model resolution was relatively significant for lower-latitude TCs. On the other hand, the track forecasts of TCs moving to the mid-latitudes, which were primarily influenced by large-scale features, were not sensitive to the resolution.
A Review of Hand–Arm Vibration Studies Conducted by US NIOSH since 2000

Studies on hand-transmitted vibration exposure, biodynamic responses, and biological effects were conducted by researchers at the Health Effects Laboratory Division (HELD) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) during the last 20 years. These studies are systematically reviewed in this report, along with the identification of areas where additional research is needed. The majority of the studies cover the following aspects: (i) the methods and techniques for measuring hand-transmitted vibration exposure; (ii) vibration biodynamics of the hand–arm system and the quantification of vibration exposure; (iii) biological effects of hand-transmitted vibration exposure; (iv) measurements of vibration-induced health effects; (iv) quantification of influencing biomechanical effects; and (v) intervention methods and technologies for controlling hand-transmitted vibration exposure. The major findings of the studies are summarized and discussed.