Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of land use changes on the dynamics of water quantity and quality in the German lowland catchment of the Stör

<p>Understanding the impacts of land use changes (LUCC) on the dynamics of water quantity and quality is necessary to identify suitable mitigation measures that are needed for sustainable watershed management. Lowland catchments are characterized by a strong interaction of streamflow and near-surface groundwater that intensifies the risk of nutrient pollution. In this study, a hydrologic model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used to quantify the impacts of different land use types on the variations in actual evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff (SQ), base flow (BF), and water yield (WYLD) as well as on sediment (SED), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). To this end, the model was calibrated and validated with daily streamflow data (30 years) and daily sediment and nutrient data from measurement campaigns (3 years in total). Three model runs over thirty years were performed using the different land use maps of 1987, 2010, and 2019, respectively. Land use changes between those years were used to explain the modelled changes in water quantity and quality on the subbasin scale applying PLSR. SWAT achieved a good performance for streamflow (calibration: NSE=0.8, PBIAS=5.5%; validation: NSE=0.78, PBIAS=5.1%) and for TN (calibration: NSE=0.65, PBIAS= -11.3%; validation: NSE=0.87, PBIAS=2.7%) and an acceptable performance for sediment and TP (calibration: NSE=0.49-0.53, PBIAS=25.8% -29.7%; validation: 0.51-0.7, PBIAS= -23.9% - -8.7%) in St&#246;r catchment. The variations in ET, SQ, BF, WYLD, SED, TP, and TN could be explained to an extent of 67%-88% by changes in the area, shape, dominance, and aggregation of individual land use types. They were largely correlated with the major LUCC in the study area i.e. a decrease of arable land, and a respective increase of pasture and settlement. The change in the percentage of arable land affected the dynamics of SED, TP, TN and BF, indicated by a Variable Influence on Projection (VIP) > 1.2 and largest absolute regression coefficients (RCs: 0.45-0.72 for SED, TP, TN; -0.84 for BF). The change in pasture area affected ET, SED, TP, and TN, as indicated by VIPs >1. &#160;The change in settlement percentage had VIP up to 1.62 for SQ and was positively and significantly influenced it (RC: 1.28). PLSR helped to identify the key contributions from individual land use changes on water quantity and quality dynamics. These provide a quantitative basis for targeting most influential land use changes to mitigate impacts on water quality in the future. </p>
Overview of the Role of Vitamins in Reducing Negative Effect of Decapeptyl (Triptorelin Acetate or Pamoate Salts) on Prostate Cancer Cells and Tissues in Prostate Cancer Treatment Process through Transformation of Malignant Prostate Tumors into...

Vitamins A (Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids including beta carotene), B1 (Thiamine), B2 (Ribofl avin), B3 (Niacin, niacinamide, Nicotinamide riboside), B5 (Pantothenic acid), B6 (Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal), B7 (Biotin), B9 (Folates), B12 (Cyanocobalamin, dhyroxocobalamin,
The Relationship between Cardiovascular Fitness and Body Mass Index to Student Achievement in 5th Grade Hispanic Children of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between cardiovascular fitness, body mass index and academic performance in 547 Hispanic children in 5th grade from a Rio Grande Valley school district. The dependent variable, academic performance, was measured by children’s gain score on the STAAR Progress Measure for Reading and Math assessments. The independent variables of physical fitness were measured by scores on cardiovascular fitness and body mass index from the FITNESSGRAM assessment. The statistical and data analysis method used by this study utilized multiple regression. The results revealed that body mass index was correlated with academic performance. Body mass index accounted for a statistically significant variance in math gains while time did not explain any significant variance in math. There was no correlation between reading gains and time and body mass index. The results by weight group revealed a significant correlation between time and reading gains for the normal weight group and a significant correlation between body mass index and math gains for the obese group. These results suggest that at grade 5, consideration be given to body mass index levels of Hispanic children from low-income backgrounds.
Effects of sodium chloride on constitutive relations in variably saturated porous media

Though many arid and contaminated sites have high salinity, prediction of effects of salinity on water movement in soils has been based on dilute solution approximations. Here a sensitivity analysis compares predicted liquid and vapor pressure in variably saturated porous media found using both the dilute approximations and a more general formulation that is valid for salt concentrations from zero to saturation. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was selected as a representative salt of environmental importance. Salt‐mineral interactions are not included in the analysis. The dilute approximations neglect the salt‐related changes in specific volume, which translate into nonnegligible pressure effects (i.e., error >1%) under dry conditions, being more pronounced for finer media. The analysis shows that for silt textures, the dilute approximation to the vapor pressure constitutive relation is acceptable for water contents θ > 5%, for sand θ > 1%, and for loam θ > 2%. When computing gradients of vapor pressure resulting from gradients in salt concentration, volume correction is necessary for silt for θ < 10%. Gradients in vapor pressure with changes in water content require volume correction, except under dilute conditions (i.e., <0.5 molal). For concentrated solutions in silt, salt effect errors are not acceptable for prediction of liquid pressure, nor are the effects on gradients negligible. Errors for sand and loam are only marginally better, with acceptable errors generally occurring only for ionic strengths of less than 1 molal. An example of use of the constitutive relations to plot results from experiments is provided to illustrate how the theory may be used to determine which thermodynamic corrections must be incorporated into analyses of the experimental results. Here the volumetric effects of the salt on vapor depression were negligible, though volumetric effects may be nonnegligible for computation of gradients of both vapor and liquid pressures. The method of analysis of nonideal effects developed herein is general, and the resulting corrections to the dilute approximation may be easily implemented in numerical codes.
A Study on the Difference between the Factors Affecting Happiness between the Baby Boom Generation and the Elderly Generation

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the factors influencing happiness between the baby boom generation and the elderly generation, and to clarify the difference in the factors affecting happiness in old age. Thus, using the data of the '2019 Seoul Survey Urban Policy Indicators Survey', a total of 15,451 people including 7,831 baby boomers (born 1955-1963) and 7,620 seniors (born before 1954) were sampled. Through regression analysis, we analyzed what factors affect happiness. As a result of the analysis, family relations were the most influential factor of happiness in both groups, but next, satisfaction through participation in leisure activities for baby boomers and economic support for elderly generations had a great influence on happiness. In addition, the degree of participation in SNS, which has no effect on the baby boom generation, is a significant factor influencing happiness for the elderly, showing that participation in the digital environment is important to the elderly. In the results of this study, it was suggested that the baby boom generation and the elderly generation are significantly different in terms of group characteristics, and therefore their social needs for the pursuit of happiness in their old age should be approached differently.
Resource Allocation in Multicarrier NOMA Systems Based on Optimal Channel Gain Ratios

The application of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to multicarrier systems can improve the spectrum efficiency and enable massive connectivity in future mobile systems. Resource allocation in multicarrier NOMA systems is a non-deterministic polynomial time-hard problem requiring exhaustive search, which has prohibitive computational complexity. Instead, efficient algorithms that provide a good trade-off between system performance and implementation practicality are needed. In this paper, exact values of the optimal channel gain ratios between a pair of NOMA users are presented for the first time for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes. Further, numerical limits are derived for the values of channel gain ratios that fulfill the system constraints. These findings are used to propose a user pairing algorithm with quasi-linear complexity. Further, a novel scheme for data rate and continuous power allocation is proposed. Through numerical simulations, it is proved that the proposed scheme yields an achievable sum-rate close to the performance of exhaustive search, and it outperforms other suboptimal resource allocation schemes.
Tax avoidance in the Indonesian manufacturing industry

This study aims to determine tax avoidance in the Indonesian manufacturing industry. The control variable is the industrial sub-sector. In this study tax avoidance is proxied as book tax differences. This study focuses on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2015-2018 period. Using the STATA 13 regression data panel, this study shows that capital intensity has no significant effect on tax avoidance and inventory intensity has no significant effect on tax avoidance. However, this study found that industry auditors' specialization had a positive effect on tax avoidance. This study contributes to enhancing empirical evidence of audit quality, proxied by industry auditors' specialization can provide assurance of managers' tax avoidance activities did not violate the fairness principle, thus increase tax avoidance activities.
Wooden breast and white striping: comparative occurrence in three poultry companies

ABSTRACT: To increase the amount of meat produced, researchers have promoted intensive genetic selection for growth rate and muscling and have improved nutrition and management conditions. However, there has been an increase in the number of reports of breast muscle myopathies observed in poultry processing plants, including white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB). This study aimed to evaluate and to compare the occurrence of WS and WB myopathies in three poultry processing plants and to perform an anatomopathological characterization, including macroscopic and microscopic analyses. A total of 408,334 carcasses were condemned or downgraded due to the presence of WB or WS, which represents 0.73% of the total number of slaughtered animals during the evaluated period. WB was more frequent than WS, but the occurrence of each myopathy varied significantly according to each establishment. WB was more frequent in the establishment which includes only male flocks, an average age of 45 days, and an average live weight of 2775g (B). WS was more frequent in establishment with male, female and mixed flocks, average ages ranging from 41 to 44 days, and average live weight 1731g-2830g (A). It is probably related with specific condition of each poultry company, including genetics, age, nutrition and management conditions. Macroscopically, WB and WS lesions are characterized by hypertrophy and stiffness of the pectoralis major muscle. Under microscopy, the myopathies showed similarities regarding the detected histological abnormalities, characterized by a process of myodegeneration, although the connective tissue infiltrate was more severe in the breasts with WB than in those with WS myopathy. The results found in this study demonstrate that the rates of condemnation for these myopathies are high, vary significantly among the analyzed companies and may cause major economic losses for the productive sector in the region.
Study on Stress Depending on HSS Panel Joint Method in Automobiles

A vehicle to which a body panel reinforced by repairing an automobile body is applied must be welded or joined by a method suitable for the panel material so as to prevent corrosion of the panel and ensure rigidity of the body structure. As a result of studying the stress by the joining method of HSS and UHSS panels, it was confirmed that the welding method was performed in parallel and the joining method was superior to the simple joining method from the tensile stress strength. In addition, spot welding and post-bonding rivets were used as an efficient joining method that can minimize the deformation of the material properties of the vehicle body panel, prevent corrosion, and maximally maintain the rigidity of the vehicle body structure.
The Differential Efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris and Oscillatoria sp. to Treat the Municipal Wastewater

The utilization of microalgae to treat wastewater becomes an alternative biological wastewater treatment technique worldwide because of its low cost and environmental clean. Chlorella vulgaris and Oscillatoria sp . were cultured in municipal wastewater under controlled laboratory conditions with continuous light illumination and aeration. Physical properties (pH, TDS and Salinity), and nutrient contents (ammonia, nitrite and total phosphorus)were measured in the raw wastewater. Growth rates of the cultured species in terms of optical densities and cell counts, nutrient salts removal efficiencies were measured during the experimental durations after; 24, 48, 72, 96 , 120 and 144hrs. Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates contents were also evaluated after 144hrs. The recorded optical density of Chlorella vulgaris was 0.188±0.01 at 680 nm and 0.17±0.01 at 750 nm after 24hrs then increased to 1.45±0.002 at 680nm and 1.43±0.01 at 750nm at the end of 120hrs, meanwhile the optical density of Oscillatoria sp. was increased from 0.132±0.01 at 680 nm and 0.102±0.01 at 750 nm after 24hrs to 1.054±0.004 at 680 nm and 0.99±0.002 at 750 nm at the end of 120hrs of the experiment. On the other hand, the cell count of Chlorella vulgaris was enriched from 6.8±2.2 cell/ml after 24hrs to 720±120 cell/ml at the end of 120h of the culturing. Overall, efficiencies of nutrients removal were 99.426%, 100% and 82.211% for ammonia, nitrite and total phosphorus respectively at the end of 120hrs of Chlorella vulgaris culturing, while Oscillatoria sp nutrient removal efficiencies recorded 98.125%, 100% and 84.718% for ammonia, Nitrite and total phosphorus respectively. Chlorella vulgaris biomass was estimated 26.66±7.5% lipid 35.1±1.6% protein and 29.34±3.25% carbohydrate, however Oscillatoria sp . biomass was estimated 11.76±0.79% lipids, 32.9±1.92% protein and 27.36±3.78% carbohydrates. Keywords: municipal Wastewater, Chlorella vulgaris , Oscillatoria sp. , nutrient removal, biochemical parameters.
Determining factors of inhibitor formation in hemophilia A

The X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia A is caused by functional absence of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). The bleeding tendency in patients with hemophilia A can be corrected by regular infusion of FVIII. In approximately 30% of patients with severe hemophilia A, inhibitory antibodies targeting FVIII develop. While it is known that the formation of anti-FVIII antibodies is a classical CD4+ T cell-dependent process, molecular determinants contributing to the risk of inhibitor development have not been fully identified. This thesis describes several studies which focus on the immune recognition and processing of FVIII by antigen presenting cells. FVIII is efficiently internalized by dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently presented on major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) on the cell surface. We describe that FVIII, in complex with immunoglobulins (FVIII-IC), is more efficiently endocytosed by bone marrow derived DCs when compared to FVIII alone. This enhanced uptake is an Fcγ receptor-dependent process. We also investigated FVIII-derived peptide presentation on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR in the presence or absence of its molecular chaperone von Willebrand factor (VWF). These studies revealed that peptide presentation of FVIII was modulated by the presence of VWF. We used the same mass spectrometry based approach to define the repertoire of FVIII-derived peptides presented on HLA-DQ. Lastly, we demonstrate that while FVIII is efficiently internalized by DCs, VWF remains bound to the cell surface in as yet undefined membrane microdomains. Altogether the studies described in this thesis contribute to our current understanding of the molecular events underlying the development of an immune response to therapeutic FVIII in patients with hemophilia A.
Postprocessing and Evaluation for a Radar-Based True-Speed-Over-Ground Estimation System

This work presents a cross correlation-based true-speed-over-ground estimation approach based on experiences from an earlier system. The radar system parameters as well as the antenna configuration were adapted to fit the requirements of the presented application. Also, challenges regarding the previously limited velocity range are addressed and an appropriate solution is proposed. The entire system was thoroughly tested in a train scenario over a wide range of velocities. Very promising measurement results are presented and compared to related approaches.
Pickering-stabilized emulsion gels fabricated from wheat protein nanoparticles: Effect of pH, NaCl and oil content

ABSTRACT A novel Pickering-stabilized emulsion gel with controlled rheological properties was derived from wheat gliadin nanoparticles-stabilized emulsions by altering preparation conditions (pH, ionic strength or oil content). The formed nanoparticles were relatively small uniform spheres particles (d < 120 nm), whose surface potential (ζ-potential) changed from +9.9 mV to −14.19 mV with the pH of the solution increased from 3.5 to 9. The isoelectric point of gliadin nanoparticles was around pH 6.8. The nanoparticles were highly susceptible to aggregation at pH values near their isoelectric point due to a reduction of electrostatic repulsion between them. Pickering-stabilized emulsions could be formed by blending the nanoparticles with oil and water, and Pickering-stabilized emulsion gels were obtained by altering pH, ionic strength or oil content of the dispersions. Creaming stabilities and rheological properties of the emulsion gels were modulated. Stable Pickering-stabilized emulsion gels with relatively large elastic modulus were formed with 70% oil content at pH 5.5 and 6.0 in the absence of NaCl. The viscosity increased with the increasing of oil content and salt concentration, and the viscosity enhanced when the pH around the isoelectric point. These results may facilitate the design of novel viscoelastic emulsion gels with the Pickering-stabilize mechanism which are suitable for utilizing in foods and other products. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Lignin Contribution to the Global Carbon Pool: Investigating the Abiotic Modification of Lignin by Reactive Oxygen Species

LIGNIN CONTRIBUTION TO THE GLOBAL CARBON POOL: INVESTIGATING THE ABIOTIC MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES Derek Charles Waggoner Old Dominion University, 2017 Director: Dr. Patrick G. Hatcher Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS), largely generated through photochemical processes, are important in transforming the chemical composition of the large pool of terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported from land to water annually. However, due to the challenges inherent in isolating the effects of individual ROS on DOM composition, the role of ROS in the photochemical alteration of DOM remains poorly characterized. The main focus of the studies within this dissertation aim to more thoroughly characterize the alterations to lignin, used as an analog for terrestrial DOM, resulting from reactions with ROS. To investigate the possibility that the alteration of lignin, through reactions involving ROS, could lead to the production of compounds not recognized as having terrestrial origin, ligninderived DOM was prepared from a sample of Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) and used for a number of studies. Lignin-derived DOM was independently exposed to hydroxyl radical (OH) generated by Fenton reaction, singlet oxygen (O2) produced using the photosensitizer Rose Bengal, and superoxide (O2 ) via stable potassium superoxide solution, under controlled laboratory conditions to accentuate how each ROS is responsible for the alteration of lignin. Advanced analytical techniques including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS), were employed to characterize alteration to lignin taking place following various ROS treatments. Results of these studies have shown distinct differences in the types of new compounds observed from exposure to each ROS as well as ROS reactivity. The alteration of lignin to compounds not typically associated with terrestrial DOM has been demonstrated upon exposure to ROS. It is also suggested that ROS could selectively react with different fractions of lignin like compounds based largely on oxygen content. Additionally, results indicate that partially oxidized lignin could react further with ROS to generate compounds resembling condensed aromatic-like compounds, previously believed to be primarily pyrogenic in origin, as well as alicyclic compounds commonly observed in marine DOM.
Aerosol Management in Dentistry: An Update for Safe COVID-19 Clinical Practice

Patient safety and health worker safety from infectious diseases as well as occupational hazards is of utmost importance in every field of medicine. Bioaerosols and splatters generated by air syringes, ultrasonic scalers and high-speed turbine handpieces during dental treatment pose a potential hazard of infection not only to the patients but, to the dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants as well as other healthcare workers. Severe infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), influenza, measles, tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV AIDS can be transmitted through aerosols. With the emergence of β-coronavirus (COVID-19), questions concerning the protection from such viral transmission in dental hospital setting have arisen due to close contact and its transmission through the exposure of saliva, blood and other body fluids. Guidelines from regulatory organizations such as CDC regarding infection control in healthcare settings and infection prevention practices should be strictly followed.A systematic electronic search with relevant key terms viz. Aerosol Management, Dental Aerosols, Dentistry and COVID-19, Dental Unit Waterlines, Preprocedural Mouth rinsing, High Volume Suction Evacuators (HVE) and CDC Guidelines was executed in PubMed and Medline databases for literature extraction and data has been interpreted by including articles based on predefined inclusion criteria . In this review article, we address the importance of understanding and implementation of dental safety by following various systems for management of dental aerosols