Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct numerical simulations of an inertial wave attractor in linear and nonlinear regimes

Abstract In a uniformly rotating fluid, inertial waves propagate along rays that are inclined to the rotation axis by an angle that depends on the wave frequency. In closed domains, multiple reflections from the boundaries may cause inertial waves to focus onto particular structures known as wave attractors. These attractors are likely to appear in fluid containers with at least one boundary that is neither parallel nor normal to the rotation axis. A closely related process also applies to internal gravity waves in a stably stratified fluid. Such structures have previously been studied from a theoretical point of view, in laboratory experiments, in linear numerical calculations and in some recent numerical simulations. In the present paper, two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of an inertial wave attractor are presented. By varying the amplitude at which the system is forced periodically, we are able to describe the transition between the linear and nonlinear regimes as well as the characteristic properties of the two situations. In the linear regime, we first recover the results of the linear calculations and asymptotic theory of Ogilvie (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 543, 2005, pp. 19–44) who considered a prototypical problem involving the focusing of linear internal waves into a narrow beam centred on a wave attractor in a steady state. The velocity profile of the beam and its scalings with the Ekman number, as well as the asymptotic value of the dissipation rate, are found to be in agreement with the linear theory. We also find that, as the beam builds up around the wave attractor, the power input by the applied force reaches its limiting value more rapidly than the dissipation rate, which saturates only when the beam has reached its final thickness. In the nonlinear regime, the beam is strongly affected and becomes unstable to a subharmonic instability. This instability transfers energy to secondary waves possessing shorter wavelengths and lower frequencies. The onset of the instability of a narrow inertial wave beam is investigated by means of a separate linear analysis and the results, such as the onset of the instability, are found to be consistent with the global simulations of the wave attractor. The excitation of such secondary waves described theoretically in this work has also been seen in recent laboratory experiments on internal gravity waves.
A Study on the Correlations Between Comorbid Disease Conditions and Central and Peripheral Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19

Background Medical comorbidities and neurological manifestations are commonly associated with COVID-19, though specific relationships remain unclear. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between medical comorbidities and neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. Methods We reviewed medical comorbidities and COVID-19-related central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations in 484 consecutive patients with COVID-19. Results Neurological manifestations were seen in 345 (71%) of 484 COVID-19 patients. CNS manifestations included headaches (22%), altered mental status (19%), dizziness (8%), gait imbalance (5%), strokes (four patients, <1%), and seizures (two patients, <1%). PNS manifestations included myalgia (31%), hypogeusia (8%), hyposmia (6%), critical illness myopathy (nine patients, 2%), visual disturbance (six patients, 1%), rhabdomyolysis (four patients, <1%), and nerve pain (one patient, <1%). There were 153 (32%) patients with CNS manifestations, 98 (20%) patients with PNS manifestations, and 94 (19%) patients with combined CNS and PNS manifestations. Comorbidities such as cardiac disease (22%), dementia (17%), hypertension (16%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 13%) were significantly associated with CNS manifestations. No comorbidities were associated with PNS manifestations. Conclusion Neurological manifestations were common in our sample of 484 COVID-19 patients, with headache and altered mental status being the most common CNS manifestations and myalgia being the most common PNS manifestation. Cardiac disease, dementia, hypertension, and COPD were more common in patients with CNS manifestations. Providers should be vigilant about the possible emergence of CNS manifestations in COVID-19 patients with these comorbid conditions.
Unfair commercial practices in a pit market: evidence from an artefactual field experiment

Commercial practices such as drip pricing, reference pricing and best-price guarantee can be used to set higher prices and mislead consumers, but protective measures can restore efficiency. In a placebo-controlled market experiment, we examined a treatment allowing for the use and misuse of commercial practices. Three additional treatments tested the effects of formal sanctions, informal sanctions and a regret nudge. We found that commercial practices led to higher prices, cheating was systematic and regret nudging was ineffective. Furthermore, formal and informal sanctions reduced both the likelihood of using commercial practices and the likelihood of cheating, leading to welfare increases.
Lipschitz Continuity o f Solutions and Interfaces of the N-Dimensional Porous Medium Equation

On considere le probleme de Cauchy pour l'equation de milieu poreux u t =Δu m , x∈R N , t>0, ou m>1 est une constante, avec u(x, 0)=u 0 (x), x∈R N
Shear viscosity from AdS born-infeld black holes

We calculate the shear viscosity in the frame of AdS/CFT correspondence for the field theory with a gravity dual of Einstein-Born-Infeld gravity. We find that the ratio of η/s is still the conjectured universal value 1/4π at least up to the first order of the Born-Infeld parameter 1/b2.
Measuring Resilience in Health Care Research: A scoping review of questionnaires

This review aimed to assess questionnaires or scales used to measure resilience in health care research and outline the domains included in the questionnaires. We used a five-step framework for developing a scoping review by Arksey and O'Malley in 2005. Studies used in this section were obtained from electronic searches conducted on CINAHL and Medline databases. The initial search yielded 4291 articles; 11 papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with four questionnaires used to measure resilience. The domains outlined by all questionnaires were overlapping and inconsistent. The most common resilience domains are competence, acceptance and support. Keywords: COVID-19, resilience, scoping review, questionnaire eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21. 3736
Effects of Climatic Factors On Different Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Varieties

To know the impacts of climate change on cashew production, the correlation study of different climatic factors and growth and reproductive characters of different released varieties of cashew was conducted. Grafted plants of 24 released cashew varieties developed by different cashew research stations of India were planted at the semi arid regions of West Bengal, India in 2010.Maximum temperature and relative humidity during the pre-flowering stage has strong positive correlation with flowering intensity. Relative humidity is the major factor influencing different reproductive characters of cashew nut. Vengurla-7, Bhaskara, Ullal-3, BPP-8 and Madakkathara-II were found to be suitable for the semi arid climate.The varieties Like Bhaskara, Vengurla-7, VRI-3, BPP-6, Madakkathara-1, Kanaka, Vengurla-1, Vengurla-6, Ulla-3 and UN-50 are the varieties which were found to be more susceptible to yield loss due to less relative humidity (%) and it is better to recommend those varieties for the coastal areas. NRCC-2, Jhargram-1, Vengurla-4, BPP-4, Ullal-4, Madakkathara-2, Bhubaneswar-1, K-22-1, Chintamani-1, Goa-1, BPP-8 and Dhana may be recommended for the places where relative humidity is less during the fruiting period. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 527-539, 2022 (September)
Optimal number of pigments in photosynthetic complexes

We study excitation energy transfer in a simple model of a photosynthetic complex. The model, described by the Lindblad equation, consists of pigments interacting via dipole–dipole interaction. The overlapping of pigments induces an on-site energy disorder, providing a mechanism for blocking the excitation transfer. Based on the average efficiency as well as the robustness of random configurations of pigments, we calculate the optimal number of pigments that should be enclosed in a pigment–protein complex of a given size. The results suggest that a large fraction of pigment configurations are efficient as well as robust if the number of pigments is properly chosen. We compare the optimal results of the model to the structure of pigment–protein complexes as found in nature, finding good agreement.
Precarious Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Disability-Related Discrimination, and Mental Health

Drawing on separate strands of research documenting the psychological consequences of (a) precarious employment and other challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) ableism, this study incorporates both into an examination of disability-based differences in the joint significance of discrimination and work precarity during the pandemic for mental health. Analyses utilizing data from a regional survey of people with and without disabilities in the Intermountain West (N = 2,012) provide evidence that precarious employment, greater discrimination, and disability independently predict depressive symptoms. Further, in the context of greater discrimination, more precarious employment is found to have greater significance for people with disabilities compared to those who are not currently disabled. These findings challenge us to think about how we engage in research concerning ableism and macro-level stressors, and underscore the role of power structures and positionality in shaping the psychological impact of employment challenges experienced during the pandemic.
THE GLOBAL STAR FORMATION LAWS OF GALAXIES FROM A RADIO CONTINUUM PERSPECTIVE

We study the global star formation law—the relation between gas and star formation (SF) rates—in a sample of 181 local galaxies with infrared (IR) luminosities spanning almost five orders of magnitude ( 10 7.8 − 10 12.3 L ⊙ ? > ), which includes 115 normal spiral galaxies and 66 (ultra)luminous IR galaxies ((U)LIRGs, L IR ≥ 10 11 L ⊙ ? > ). We derive their atomic, molecular gas, and dense molecular gas masses using newly available Hi, CO, and HCN data from the literature, and SF rates are determined both from total IR ( 8 – 1000 &mgr; m ? > ) and 1.4 GHz radio continuum (RC) luminosities. In order to derive the disk-averaged surface densities of gas and SF rates, we have taken a novel approach and used high-resolution RC observations to measure the radio sizes for all 181 galaxies. In our sample, we find that the surface density of dense molecular gas (as traced by HCN) has the tightest correlation with that of SF rates (ΣSFR), and is linear in log–log space (power-law slope of N = 1.01 ± 0.02) across the full galaxy sample. The correlation between surface densities of molecular gas ( &Sgr; H 2 ? > , traced by CO) and ΣSFR is sensitive to the adopted value of the CO-to- H 2 ? > conversion factor (αCO) used to infer molecular gas masses from CO luminosities. For a fixed Galactic value of αCO, a power law index of 1.14 ± 0.02 is found. If instead we adopt values for αCO of 4.6 and 0.8 for disk galaxies and (U)LIRGs, respectively, we find the two galaxy populations separate into two distinct ΣSFR versus &Sgr; H 2 ? > relations. Finally, applying a continuously varying αCO to our sample, we recover a single ΣSFR– &Sgr; H 2 ? > relation with slope of 1.60 ± 0.03. The ΣSFR is a steeper function of total gas Σgas (molecular gas with atomic gas) than that of molecular gas &Sgr; H 2 ? > , and are tighter among low-luminosity galaxies. We find no correlation between global surface densities of SFRs and atomic gas (H i).
An improved model of the Edgeworth-Kuiper debris disk

In contrast to all other debris disks, where the dust can be seen via an infrared excess over the stellar photosphere, the dust emission of the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt (EKB) eludes remote detection because of the strong foreground emission of the zodiacal cloud. We accessed the expected EKB dust disk properties by modeling. We treated the debiased population of the known trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) as parent bodies and generated the dust with our collisional code. The resulting dust distributions were modified to take into account the influence of gravitational scattering and resonance trapping by planets on migrating dust grains as well as the effect of sublimation. A difficulty with the modeling is that the amount and distribution of dust are largely determined by sub-kilometer-sized bodies. These are directly unobservable, and their properties cannot be accessed by collisional modeling, because objects larger than (10 . 60) m in the present-day EKB are not in a collisional equilibrium. To place additional constraints, we used in-situ measurements of the New Horizons spacecraft within 20 AU. We show that to sustain a dust disk consistent with these measurements, the TNO population has to have a break in the size distribution at s 70 km. However, even this still leaves us with several models that all correctly reproduce nearly constant dust impact rates in the region of giant planet orbits and do not violate the constraints from the non-detection of the EKB dust thermal emission by the COBE spacecraft. The modeled EKB dust disks, which conform to the observational constraints, can either be transport-dominated or intermediate between the transport-dominated and collision-dominated regime. The in-plane optical depth of such disks is τ� (r > 10 AU) ∼ 10 −6 and their fractional luminosity is fd ∼ 10 −7 . Planets and sublimation are found to have little effect on dust impact fluxes and dust thermal emission. The spectral energy distribution of an EKB analog as seen from 10 pc distance peaks at wavelengths of (40 . 50)µ ma tF ≈ 0.5 mJy, which is less than 1% of the photospheric flux at those wavelengths. Therefore, EKB analogs cannot be detected with present-day instruments such as Herschel/PACS.
ORBITAL AND MASS RATIO EVOLUTION OF PROTOBINARIES DRIVEN BY MAGNETIC BRAKING

The majority of stars reside in multiple systems, especially binaries. The formation and early evolution of binaries is a longstanding problem in star formation that is not yet fully understood. In particular, how the magnetic field observed in star-forming cores shapes the binary characteristics remains relatively unexplored. We demonstrate numerically, using an MHD version of the ENZO AMR hydro code, that a magnetic field of the observed strength can drastically change two of the basic quantities that characterize a binary system: the orbital separation and mass ratio of the two components. Our calculations focus on the protostellar mass accretion phase, after a pair of stellar “seeds” have already formed. We find that in dense cores magnetized to a realistic level, the angular momentum of the material accreted by the protobinary is greatly reduced by magnetic braking. Accretion of strongly braked material shrinks the protobinary separation by a large factor compared to the non-magnetic case. The magnetic braking also changes the evolution of the mass ratio of unequal-mass protobinaries by producing material of low specific angular momentum that accretes preferentially onto the more massive primary star rather than the secondary. This is in contrast with the preferential mass accretion onto the secondary previously found numerically for protobinaries accreting from an unmagnetized envelope, which tends to drive the mass ratio toward unity. In addition, the magnetic field greatly modifies the morphology and dynamics of the protobinary accretion flow. It suppresses the traditional circumstellar and circumbinary disks that feed the protobinary in the non-magnetic case; the binary is fed instead by a fast collapsing pseudodisk whose rotation is strongly braked. The magnetic braking-driven inward migration of binaries from their birth locations may be constrained by high-resolution observations of the orbital distribution of deeply embedded protobinaries, especially with ALMA and JVLA.
Job quality and automation: Do more automatable occupations have less job satisfaction and health?

Social scientists have made predictions about the automation of jobs, as well as the negative consequences that technology has on job quality, but not how these phenomena are connected. Are occupations with a higher susceptibility of automation associated with lower job quality? This study involves an empirical examination of automation-related measures from Frey and Osborne and applies them to job quality variables (job satisfaction and self-rated health) drawn from the US General Social Survey (GSS), Quality of Working Life and Work Orientation Panel from five different waves (2002 to 2018 every 4 years; N = 7240). The finding is that highly automatable occupations have lower level of job satisfaction and health and, hence, less job quality. This has implications on the future of work, which could be but not necessarily characterised by fewer bad quality jobs.
Best Practices of Fostering Undergraduates’ Cross-Cultural Competence Involving Training Them in Foreign Languages: Systemic Review

The purpose of the study was to identify and categorise the criteria-specified instructional approaches to fostering undergraduates’ cross-cultural skills involving training them in foreign languages and to evaluate their effectiveness and feasibility. It was a systemic review of the effectiveness type. The descriptive content analysis was used as a methodology within the study to analyse the relevant short-listed sources. The triangular assessment method (TAM) was applied by instructors from Ukraine to rate each approach’s/programme/course’s potential effectiveness and/or feasibility for the context of higher education in Ukraine. This review identified potentially effective and feasible approaches/programmes/courses that can be converged to produce more efficient instructional models for fostering undergraduates’ cross-cultural skills. The selected approaches or courses or programmes could be categorised as technology-driven approaches, approaches based on classroom activities or using specific instruction models, psychological effect-driven approaches, and combined or converged approaches. The use of technology-driven approaches seems to be the emerging instructional trend specifically in training students’ cross-cultural skills.
Variational matrix product ansatz for dispersion relations

A variational ansatz for momentum eigenstates of translation-invariant quantum spin chains is formulated. The matrix product state ansatz works directly in the thermodynamic limit and allows for an efficient implementation (cubic scaling in the bond dimension) of the variational principle. Unlike previous approaches, the ansatz includes topologically nontrivial states (kinks, domain walls) for systems with symmetry breaking. The method is benchmarked using the spin-1/2 XXZ antiferromagnet and the spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet, and we obtain surprisingly accurate results.
Is Internalized Racism One More Piece of the Puzzle in Racial Disparities in Prosecution?

Abstract Although diversifying the criminal justice apparatus may yield more equitable outcomes, empirical tests of how prosecutors’ race affects their decisions are limited. Informed by Internalized Racism Theory (IRT), we hypothesized that Black prosecutors would be most punitive toward Black defendants, followed by Latino/a defendants, and least toward White and Asian defendants. Employing hierarchical logistic modelling, we analyzed data from a large prosecutorial office to examine the extent to which prosecutors’ race is associated with racial disparities in custodial plea offers and charge reductions. We found notable support for our hypotheses. In cases disposed of by Black prosecutors, Black and Latino/defendants are significantly more likely to receive custodial plea offers than are similarly-situated White and Asian defendants. Although the direction of the relationship with charge reductions was in line with our hypotheses, no significant effects were detected.
Safety Evaluation of a Novel Algal Feed Additive for Poultry Production

SUMMARY. Feed additives are critical components for poultry health and the economic viability of antibiotic-free poultry production. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the safety of a novel algal-derived feed additive, a dried biomass powder produced from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain crAL082, modified to express an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (EC 3.5.1.28) and a lysozyme-type enzyme (EC 3.2.1.17). A 42-day oral toxicity study showed that the crAL082 dried biomass powder was fully tolerated by broiler chicken based on the lack of detrimental effects found in performance, mortality, hematology, blood clinical chemistry, and histopathologic results compared with those of a nontreated control group, resulting in a “No Observed Adverse Effect Level” of 5000 ppm, the highest dose tested. The study demonstrates the first-ever safety result of a C. reinhardtii microalgae dried biomass powder used as a feed additive in broiler chickens. Furthermore, safety is shown for the two additional enzymes expressed within the C. reinhardtii crAL082 strain and ingested by the birds. RESMEN. Evaluación de seguridad de un nuevo aditivo alimentario con base en algas para la producción avícola. Los aditivos alimentarios son componentes críticos para la salud avícola y la viabilidad económica de la producción avícola libre de antibióticos. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la seguridad de un nuevo aditivo alimentario derivado de algas, un polvo de biomasa seca producido a partir de la cepa crAL082 de Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, que fue modificado para expresar una N-acetilmuramoil-Lalanina amidasa (EC 3.5.1.28) y una enzima tipo lisozima (EC 3.2.1.17). Un estudio de toxicidad oral de 42 días mostró que el polvo de biomasa seca crAL082 fue totalmente tolerado por los pollos de engorde con base a la ausencia de efectos perjudiciales encontrados en el rendimiento, la mortalidad, la hematología, la química clínica sanguínea y los resultados histopatológicos en comparación con los del grupo de control no tratado, lo que resultó en un “Nivel sin efecto adverso observado” (“No Observed Adverse Effect Level” = de 5000 ppm, la dosis más alta probada. El estudio demuestra el primer resultado de seguridad de un polvo de biomasa seca de microalgas C. reinhardtii utilizado como aditivo alimentario en pollos de engorde. Además, se muestra la seguridad de las dos enzimas adicionales expresadas dentro de la cepa crAL082 de C. reinhardtii e ingeridas por las aves.