Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vaccine effectiveness with BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine against reported SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infection among adolescents, Norway, August 2021 to January 2022

Background: COVID-19 vaccination was recommended for adolescents in Norway since August 2021. In this population-based cohort study, we estimated the BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against any PCR-confirmed (symptomatic or not) SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by the Delta and Omicron variant among adolescents (12-17-years-old) in Norway from August 2021 to January 2022. Methods: Using Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against any Delta and Omicron infections. Vaccine status was included as a time-varying covariate and models were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, county of residence, country of birth, and living conditions. Data were obtained from the National Preparedness registry for COVID-19, which contains individual-level data from national health and administrative registries. Findings: Vaccine effectiveness against Delta infection peaked at 68% (95%CI: 64-71%) and 62% (95%CI: 57-66%) in days 21-48 after the first dose among 12-15-year-olds and 16-17-year-olds respectively. Among 16-17-year-olds that received two doses, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 93% (95%CI: 90-95%) in days 35-62 and declined to 84% (95%CI: 76-89%) in 63 days or more after the second dose. For both age-groups, we found no protection against Omicron infection after receiving one dose. Among 16-17-year-olds, vaccine effectiveness against Omicron infection peaked at 53% (95%CI: 43-62%) in 7-34 days after the second dose and decreased to 23% (95%CI: 3-40%) in 63 days or more after vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness decreased with time since vaccination for both variants, but waning was observed to occur faster for Omicron. Interpretation: Our results suggest reduced protection from BNT162b2 vaccination against any SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the Omicron variant compared to the Delta. In addition, waning immunity was observed to occur faster for Omicron. The impact of vaccination among adolescents on reducing infection and thus transmission is limited during omicron dominance. Funding: No funding was received.
Spatial Cluster Modeling of Rodent Infestations and Leptospirosis Risks in SE Asian Urban Areas

Urban areas in the Southeast Asia Region are characterized by rainfall, river networks, and rodent infestations. Combinations of these adverse conditions will lead to the increasing risk of leptospirosis as usually contained in rodents. Then this study aims to assess the spatial pattern of rodent infestations and estimate the potential leptospirosis risks using environmental variables including distance to the river and rainfall in a city in SE Asia. The spatial modeling of rodent infestations was developed based on GIS and interpolation analysis. Meanwhile, the cluster modeling of rodent infestations was developed using the K-means clustering method. The results revealed the rodent infestations represented by two rodent species were Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus. R. rattus has a higher abundance than R. norvegicus. In contrast, R. norvegicus has wider distribution areas than R. rattus. Regarding the distribution areas, both species overlapped in the Southern parts of the city. R. rattus and R. norvegicus showed a distinct cluster characterized by a high rodent population with affinity for the nearest river, and this indicates the urban inhabitants near the river have more leptospirosis risk. The model of leptospirosis risks estimated an urban area of 35.182 km2 or 17.56% having leptospirosis potential.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK DALAM PEMERIKSAAN KINERJA

One of the issues in performance audit is what method to be used if the auditor wants to gain an understanding of policies underlying the entity's activities. This study aims to provide an understanding regarding the policy cycle and its development; to describe the relationship between the governance system, understanding of public policy, and performance audit; and to develop a framework and scope of public policy analysis in the performance audit. The study prepared by Tim Litbang BPK using a literature study, enriched by discussions with speakers from Vrije Universiteit, as well as field trips to ARK and other government entities in The Netherlands. Furthermore, the team developed initial information and analyzed it using ISSAI 3000 perspective. Based on the policy development cycle, the team has developed a framework for public policy analysis on performance audits. The study concluded that the ideal entity's performance evaluation would be to assess the policy before and after the policy implementation (ex-ante and ex-post). Ideally, the performance audit over policy is held by an entity other than the policy's subject itself. BPK meets the criteria. ABSTRAK Salah satu isu dalam pemeriksaan kinerja yang memiliki urgensi tinggi yaitu metode apakah yang dapat digunakan pemeriksa untuk mendapatkan pemahaman atas kebijakan yang melatarbelakangi kegiatan utama entitas. Analisis kebijakan publik dalam pemeriksaan kinerja ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman khususnya mengenai siklus kebijakan dan pengembangannya; menjelaskan hubungan sistem tata kelola pemerintahan, pemahaman kebijakan publik dan pemeriksaan kinerja; serta mengembangkan kerangka kerja dan menjelaskan cakupan analisis kebijakan publik dalam pemeriksaan kinerja. Kajian ini disusun oleh Tim Litbang BPK dengan menggunakan studi literatur mengenai teori-teori kebijakan publik, diskusi dengan nara sumber dari Vrije Universiteit, serta kunjungan lapangan ke Algemene Rekenkamer (ARK) dan beberapa entitas pemerintah lainnya di Belanda. Selanjutnya, Tim mengembangkan informasi awal tersebut serta menganalisisnya dengan mempertimbangkan perspektif ISSAI 3000 Performance Audit Guidelines. Dengan menggunakan siklus pengembangan kebijakan, Tim telah menyusun kerangka kerja analisis kebijakan publik dalam pemeriksaan kinerja. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa penilaian kinerja entitas yang ideal adalah dengan mengukur suatu kebijakan pada tahap sebelum dan sesudah pelaksanaan kebijakan (ex-ante dan ex-post). Pemeriksaan atas kinerja suatu kebijakan pada tahap ex-ante dan ex-post (kecuali produk kebijakan itu sendiri) secara ideal dilakukan oleh entitas pengendali yang bukan merupakan subjek kebijakan itu sendiri. BPK sebagai badan pemeriksa eksternal pemerintah memenuhi syarat tersebut.
Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization Among Adolescent and Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Ontario, Canada

Background: Vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes were approved in 2021 for adolescent and subsequently pediatric populations. With the emergence of variants of concern, it is important to continue to assess vaccine effectiveness against both infection and severe disease manifestations. Methods: Using an age and time-matched nested case-control design, we estimated the vaccine effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination at preventing hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. We linked SARS-CoV-2 cases ages 4 to 17 years in Ontarios reportable diseases database to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination records. We included 1,441 incident SARS-CoV-2 cases occurring between May 28, 2021 and January 10, 2022. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effectiveness of one and two mRNA vaccine doses against hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases. We quantified and mitigated the impact of unmeasured confounding by calculating an E-value and by applying instrumental variable methods. Results: We included n=131 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases and n=1,310 non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 cases. One vaccine dose was shown to be 37% effective against hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 cases (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.63 [95% CI: 0.33, 1.13]). In contrast, two doses were 59% (aOR = 0.41 [95% CI: 0.21, 0.77]) effective at preventing hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 cases. Conclusions: Even with immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 variants, two vaccine doses continue to provide protection against hospitalization among adolescent and pediatric patients, even when the vaccines do not prevent infection. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines remain a safe and effective intervention to prevent severe outcomes.
Fate of Environmental Pollutants

This section covers studies published during the calendar year 2004 on the fate of environmental pollutants in soils, surface water and groundwaters. Studies related to water quality and sources of pollution by environmental pollutants as well as reaction kinetics and modeling are reviewed in detail. Also included in the coverage of present review is research on pollutants such as nutrients, pathogens, xenobiotics, radionuclides and nanoparticles.
Faktor Utama Kesuksesan Wirausaha Di Industri Pangan

Although factors that influence the success of entrepreneurs have been widely studied in developed countries, but only few of them were conducted in Indonesia. As an effort to fill this gap, this study is conducted with the purpose of analyzing factors that influence the success of entrepreneurs in the food industry in Java. In this research used seven factors with 45 indicators of entrepreneurial success and the amount of sample 34 entrepreneurs in Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Bandung and Bogor. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis with a validity test, reliability test and classical assumption, and qualitative analysis. The results showed that there were five dominant factors with fifteen indicators affecting the success of entrepreneurs in the industry. The five most dominant factor are psychological factor, working behavior factors, core competence factor, organizational form factor, and technical assistance factor. Compared to the concept of Kiggundu, there are three new variables affecting the success of entrepreneurs, i.e motivation, opportunities and business experience. This result provides theoretical implication that there are several variables that can be added to determine the success of entrepreneurs in the food industry. Managerial implications shows the use of Kiggundu theory, in conducting research with the case of the food industry in Java, provides comprehensive results that it can be used as a basis for formulating an entrepreneurial development policy in Java in particular and Indonesia in general, taking into account the addition of several variables in accordance with the results of research.
Soil Property Changes After Conversion from FOrest to Pasture in Mount Sacinka, Artvin, Turkey

Turkey's forests have been continuously facing conversion into both agriculture and pasturelands, causing not only degradation and fragmentation of forested lands but also negative changes in soil properties that have not been thoroughly investigated. In order to determine possible changes in some physical and hydrophysical soil parameters along with the dispersion ratio between natural coppice forests and the neighbouring forest‐to‐grassland converted areas, a foothill of Mount Sacinka in Artvin was chosen as a research area. Besides land use, possible effects of elevation change on soil properties due to the mountainous and moderately steep landscape of the region were also taken into consideration. The soil samples were analysed for soil texture, permeability, field capacity, bulk density, organic matter, pH and dispersion ratio. The results indicated that whereas permeability (43·05 mm h−1 in forest and 18·82 mm h−1 in pasture), field capacity (43·45% in forest and 38·08% in pasture) and organic matter (6·36% in forest and 5·34% in pasture) values turned out to be higher in forest soils, bulk density (0·91 g cm−3 in forest and 1·06 g cm−3 in pasture) and pH (5·89 in forest and 6·55 in pasture) values were low in grassland soils, meaning that conversion has negative effects on soil properties. Additionally, the mean dispersion ratios of 27·55% and 33·58% for forest and pastureland soils, respectively, indicated soil erosion problems in both land uses. In addition, as for elevation effect, forest soils especially showed better characteristics at higher elevations with high permeability, field capacity and organic matter and low pH and dispersion ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile Ultrasound Tracking and Magnetic Control for Long‐Distance Endovascular Navigation of Untethered Miniature Robots against Pulsatile Flow

Long‐distance endovascular navigation of miniature robots under the guidance of medical imaging modalities is essential for microrobotic targeted delivery in the human body. Herein, a scheme on this topic based on mobile ultrasound (US) tracking and magnetic control is proposed. Considering the narrow 2D imaging of a US probe and the fast decay of the magnetic field, the US probe is integrated with three electromagnetic coils for simultaneous long‐distance tracking and control of untethered miniature robots. To enable robust tracking with pulsatile flow, a tracking strategy consisting of tracking in and perpendicular to the image plane is designed. In the image plane, an iterative statistics‐based strategy is proposed to extract the position and orientation of the robot from the US imaging. For the direction perpendicular to the US image plane, the probe motion is automatically adjusted according to the tracking quality. Based on the real‐time tracking result, demanded rotating fields are generated by the mobile coils for helical propulsion. The proposed scheme is implemented on a full‐scale silicone phantom of human iliac and aorta arteries with blood‐mimicking fluid and pulsatile flow. Experimental results validate the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Viscous Critical‐Layer Analysis of Vortex Normal Modes

The linear stability properties of an incompressible axisymmetrical vortex of axial velocity W0(r) and angular velocity Ω0(r) are considered in the limit of large Reynolds number. Inviscid approximations and viscous WKBJ approximations for three‐dimensional linear normal modes are first constructed. They are then shown to be singular at the critical points rc satisfying ω=mΩ0(rc) +kW0(rc), where ω is the frequency, k and m the axial and azimuthal wavenumbers. The goal of this paper is to resolve these singularities. We show that a viscous critical‐layer analysis is analytically tractable. It leads to a single sixth‐order equation for the perturbation pressure. This equation is identical to the one obtained in stratified shear flows for a Prandtl number equal to 1. Integral expressions for typical solutions of this equation are provided and matched to the outer inviscid and viscous approximations in the complex plane around rc. As for planar flows, it is proved that the critical layer solution with a balanced behavior matches a non‐viscous approximation in a 4π/3 sector of the complex‐plane. As a consequence, the Frobenius expansions of a non‐viscous mode on each side of a critical point rc differ by a π phase jump.
Survey on the Use and Management of Animal Traction Technology by Farmers in some selected Local Government Areas of Gombe State, Northeast Nigeria

A study was conducted to examine the use and management of animal traction in Gombe State, Northeastern, Nigeria. The study was carried out in six out of the eleven Local Government Areas of Gombe State. Twenty five (25) farmers were randomly selected from each local government area, making a total of 150 farmers. Data were collected by use of structured questionnaires and information were generated on the types and breeds of animals used for traction, production systems employed, supplementary feeding of the draught animals, methods of land acquisition, size of farmlands under cultivation, years of animal traction experience, preference of animals among others. The results showed that most of the respondents used bulls (96.6%) for their farming operations and the most preferred breed was Bunaji (91.3%) and 76.0% of the respondents acquired their farmlands through inheritance. The result showed that subsistence farming was the most practiced farming system (34.0%) in the study area on land areas of 1-5 hectares (72.0%). Also, majority of the respondents provided supplementary feeding to their animals (68.6%) and have 6-10 years of traction experience (40.0%). Most of the farmers (83.3) preferred draught power to tractors due to their availability and affordability in the area. It is concluded that farmers in the study area preferred draught animal power to tractors for their farming operations.
CFD assessment of Ropax hull resistance with various initial drafts and trim angles

A Ropax hull resistance has been studied with OpenFOAM considering different Froude numbers, trim angles and drafts. The simulations have been set in calm water, model scale, using a multiphase domain implemented with a volume-of-fluid method and a SST k-ω turbulence model. The first simulation has been run even keel at design draft, Fr = 0.2, both with the hull fixed in its original position and with the hull free to sink and trim. Comparison of results with another RaNS code has been also performed. Next, systematic data collection has been done with the hull fixed in various particular positions, at Fr = 0.20. Similar simulations at higher Fr numbers have been run; in these cases a coarser mesh has been used in order to achieve a less request of computational power and a more stable behavior.
Mode-Locked Chip Laser using Waveguide Arrays

We demonstrate theoretically that robust mode-locking can be achieved on a semiconductor chip with a waveguide array architecture. The waveguide arrays are used as an ideal saturable absorption mechanism for initial noise start-up as well as pulse shaping and stabilization. The cavity gain is provided by an injection current and forward biasing of the semiconductor material. The technology can be integrated directly with semiconductor architectures and technologies, thus allowing for the potential of an on-chip, broadband device.
Acceleration-based criterion for intrusions in frontal impacts

Abstract Although the importance of crash compatibility has been highlighted as an area for further improvement in terms of passive safety, the way in which partner-protection is assessed is still an unresolved problem. Some assessment approaches have been proposed that are based on the structural interaction between the test vehicle and the barrier. However, previous studies have shown that new concepts are needed due to the deficiencies in these approaches. An innovative approach is to use a moving deformable barrier as a collision partner, and assess the partner-protection using injury measurements on a virtual dummy on the moving barrier. While some acceleration-based criteria do exist that would allow us to assess injuries caused by high restraint loads, it is still unclear how to measure injuries caused by intrusions. Thus, we have developed an acceleration-based criterion for predicting significant intrusions into the compartment, which can be used in frontal impact tests with moving deformable barriers for assessment of the crash compatibility. The criterion developed is calibrated with the help of full-scale crash tests and validated with test data and simulation analysis. The results confirm the efficiency and reproducibility of the criterion developed for predicting significant intrusions in frontal impacts based on accelerometer measurements.
Evidence on soccer-specific stadiums and attendance : the Major League Soccer case

The aim of this study is to test the influence of soccer-specific stadiums on attendance figures in the Major League Soccer. For that purpose, we use a regression model that analyzes all regular season games from 2004 to 2014 (2538 observations). The logarithm of attendance is the dependent variable, while the type of stadium, uncertainty of outcome, performance of teams, weather conditions, year, month and game day are the independent variables. The results show a significant positive influence of the soccer-specific stadiums and the performance of teams.
Landmark papers

After more than 60 years of publishing, we have decided that it is timely to re-visit some of the more influential papers published in The European Journal of Soil Science and its former alter ego the Journal of Soil Science. We consider that these LANDMARK papers have had a formative role in challenging the thinking at the time and influencing the way that research and its application have subsequently developed. Although citations are a key element in the choice of papers, they are not the only criterion. Our first landmark paper (Tisdall & Oades, 1982) scores highly on all counts: it has been much cited, it has influenced and continues to influence the way in which we appreciate soil function and is, very importantly, of huge relevance to many of today’s issues relating to soil science. When Tisdall and Oades first tried to publish their paper, they had to work hard to persuade The Journal of Soil Science that it was appropriate. However, they succeeded with the consequences that we are all aware of. As well as reproducing the paper itself, we include some reflections from the two authors and a commentary on this seminal piece of work by three of the Journal’s current Associate Editors all of whom have considerable expertise in this particular topic. We have also published a virtual issue of the Journal online on Wiley Online Library∗, containing papers that have, in some way, used the concepts and thoughts expounded by Tisdall and Oades and which have helped to develop the science over the last 30 years. We aim to repeat this exercise from time to time with other influential papers in other areas of soil science published in the Journal. I hope you find this of interest and value.
HBIs and Sterols in Surface Sediments Across the East Siberian Sea: Implications for Palaeo Sea‐Ice Reconstructions

Highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) in marine sediments have emerged as promising semi‐quantitative proxies to reconstruct seasonal sea ice in polar oceans. In this work, we examine the distribution of sympagic HBIs (IP25 and HBI‐II), pelagic phytoplankton biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol and HBI‐III) as well as terrestrial sterols (campesterol and β‐sitosterol) in the surface sediments of the East Siberian Sea (ESS) to test their reliability as sea‐ice proxies under continental run‐off influence. Our data suggest that dinosterol performs better than brassicasterol to assess sea ice across the ESS shelf, yet the correlation between PDIP25 and spring sea ice is relatively weak but improves when removing sites with salinity <25. Strongest relationship is found between PIIIIP25 and summer sea ice in regions remote from riverine influence. Overall, our results show that semi‐quantitative estimates of sea ice based on biomarkers can be problematic in Arctic Ocean margins because of biases induced by continental run‐off on biological productivity and sea‐ice production.
Research the Effects of Thoracic and Lumbar Support Fixtures on Forward Head Posture during Visual Display Terminal Work

PURPOSE: Forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common postural problems among white-collar workers who perform highly repetitive tasks in the same position. The aim of this study was to research the effects of thoracic and lumbar support fixtures on forward head posture (FHP) during visual display terminal (VDT) work. METHODS: The subjects were 36 healthy male students with no problems in their medical history or respiratory systems. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (n=12), thoracic support fixtures (n=12), and lumbar support fixtures (n=12). We conducted a text typing task of the same content for 20 minutes, and evaluated the angles, including the craniovertebra angle (CVA), craniorotation angle (CRA) with photogrammetry. RESULTS: The thoracic and lumbar support fixture groups showed a statistically significant difference at the CVA and CRA to the control group (p<.05), and the post-hoc