Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source and evolution of fluids in the Shihu gold deposit, Taihang Mountains, China: evidence from microthermometry, chemical composition and noble gas isotope of fluid inclusions

The well-known Shihu quartz vein-type Au deposit in the Taihang Mountains in the North China Craton (NCC) is hosted by ductile-brittle faults within the Neo-archean–Palaeo-proterozoic Fuping Group metamorphic complex. The deposit exhibit four stages of quartz veins: (1) quartz-K-feldspar-sericite; (2) quartz-pyrite; (3) quartz-polymetallic sulphide; and (4) quartz-carbonate ± pyrite. Three types of ﬂuid inclusions in quartz are recognized in this study. Solid-bearing high-salinity (Type I) ﬂuid inclusions have homogenization temperatures of up to 390 ºC and high salinities of 33–47 wt% NaCl equivalent. Two-phase H2O-rich (Type II) fluid inclusions homogenized between 129–396 ºC and have salinities of 1.7–12.5 wt% NaCl equivalent. Two/three-phase CO2-rich (Type III) fluid inclusions, which are abundant in auriferous quartz veins, have homogenization temperatures of 205–358 ºC and salinities of 1.63–7.64 wt% NaCl equivalent. Laser Raman spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry confirmed that the vapour phase in the fluid inclusions is dominated by CO2, H2S, CH4, C2H4, N2 and Ar besides H2O, whereas the liquid phase is composed of Cl−, SO42−, Na+, and K+ with minor Mg2+ and Ca2+. Fluid inclusions in pyrite associated with quartz ore-stages (2) and (3) have ΣREE values of 0.61–342.17 ppm with negative Ce, Eu and Y anomalies and LREE enrichment relative to HREE, generally indicating a crustal source of ore fluids. Helium isotope studies of fluid inclusions in pyrites associated with quartz ore-stages (2) and (3) yielded 3He/4He ratios of 0.12–0.93 Ra (Ra=1.4×10−6 for air) and 40Ar/36Ar ratios of 3690–23678. The noble gas data suggest c. 10–20% mantle-derived ore fluids, reflecting an increased interaction of ore fluids with surrounding crustal rocks contributing additional 4He to the fluids. The present data and various information from published works suggest that the Shihu Au deposit was formed during lithospheric thinning or decratonization beneath the Taihang Mountains. The fluids derived from the lower crust, formed due to partial melting and dehydration of the lithospheric mantle, were mixed with magmatic and meteoric waters, and finally precipitated Au and associated metals in the Shihu deposit.
Germline mutation rate is elevated in young and old parents in Caenorhabditis remanei

Abstract The effect of parental age on germline mutation rate across generations is not fully understood. While some studies report a positive linear relationship of mutation rate with increasing age, others suggest that mutation rate varies with age but not in a linear fashion. We investigated the effect of parental age on germline mutations by generating replicated mutation accumulation lines in Caenorhabditis remanei at three parental ages (“Young T1” [Day 1], “Peak T2” [Day 2], and “Old T5” [Day 5] parents). We conducted whole-genome resequencing and variant calling to compare differences in mutation rates after three generations of mutation accumulation. We found that Peak T2 lines had an overall reduced mutation rate compared to Young T1 and Old T5 lines, but this pattern of the effect varied depending on the variant impact. Specifically, we found no high-impact variants in Peak T2 lines, and modifiers and up- and downstream gene variants were less frequent in these lines. These results suggest that animals at the peak of reproduction have better DNA maintenance and repair compared to young and old animals. We propose that C. remanei start to reproduce before they optimize their DNA maintenance and repair, trading the benefits of earlier onset of reproduction against offspring mutation load. The increase in offspring mutation load with age likely represents germline senescence.
Using Storytelling: From EFL Teachers’ Perceptions to Young Learners’ Reading Performance

The query on how to teach young learners to succeed in their English learning has been somehow under-explored. Just a few studies investigated the usefulness of the storytelling (ST) technique on English as a foreign language (EFL) young learners’ (YLs) in the Vietnamese context. Consequently, this study attempts to examine (1) EFL teachers’ perceptions of the contributions of ST, (2) YLs’ attitudes towards the effects of ST on their reading performance, and (3) the impacts of ST on YLs’ reading performance (RP). The study followed a mixed-methods design, using a questionnaire, interviews and reading tests to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. First, a survey was administered to 38 EFL teachers who have taught YLs for more than five years. The experimental study recruited 43 YLs who were divided into two groups, 21 YLs in two control groups and 22 others in two experimental ones. Six YLs in the experimental groups were invited to partake in the interviews, and 43 YLs took the reading pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the teacher participants positively perceived the potentials of ST. The YLs interviewees showed their positive attitudes towards the effects of ST on their RP. The test results indicated the significant impacts of the technique on the YLs’ RP. Pedagogical implications and suggestions were presented at the end of the paper.
The Petrology and Geochemistry of Calc-Alkaline Andesites on Shodo-Shima Island, SW Japan

Petrographical and geochemical characteristics of calc-alkaline McLennan, 1995) that are produced at convergent plate boundaries and are characterized by lower FeO∗/MgO andesites on Shodo-Shima Island, SW Japan, having bulk comratios than tholeiitic andesites (Miyashiro, 1974). An positions largely identical to the continental crust, are presented. understanding of the origin of such orogenic, calc-alkaline The following petrographic observations suggest a role for magma andesites is thus essential for comprehending not only mixing in producing such andesite magmas: (1) two types of olivine the magma flux in the modern Earth but also the role phenocrysts and spinel inclusions, one with compositions identical of subduction-related magmatism in the evolution of the to those in high-Mg andesites and the other identical to those in solid Earth. Since the pioneering work of Eichelberger basalts, are recognized in terms of Ni–Mg and Cr–Al–Fe (1975, 1978), Anderson (1976), Sakuyama (1979, 1981, relations, respectively; (2) the presence of orthopyroxene phenocrysts 1984), and Luhr & Carmichael (1980), the majority of with mg-number >90 suggests the contribution of an orthopyroxenepetrologists have considered mixing of mafic and felsic bearing high-Mg andesite magma to production of calc-alkaline magmas to be one of the major mechanisms of generation andesites; (3) reversely zoned pyroxene phenocrysts may not be in of calc-alkaline andesites. Continental crust formation, equilibrium with Mg-rich olivine, suggesting the involvement of a however, may not be elucidated solely by such magma differentiated andesite magma as an endmember component; (4) the mixing processes. The reasons for this are twofold. First, presence of very Fe-rich orthopyroxene phenocrysts indicates the calc-alkaline andesite magmatism typifies continental arcs association of an orthopyroxene-bearing rhyolitic magma. Conat least on the modern Earth, suggesting that the contributions from the above at least five endmember magmas to the calctinental crust itself plays an important role in such andesite alkaline andesite genesis can also provide a reasonable explanation of formation, possibly as the source of the felsic endmember the Pb–Sr–Nd isotope compositions of such andesites. component. Second, there is a slight but significant difference in MgO contents between the bulk continental crust and the typical calc-alkaline andesite (e.g. Kelemen,
Fauna and Depositional Environment of a Late Pennsylvanian Vertebrate Fossil Locality in Southeastern Kansas

A vertebrate fossil locality in Greenwood County, Kansas, near the town of Toronto, in the Snyderville (Shale) member of the Oread (Limestone) Formation (Late Pennsylvanian, Virgilian) contains an abundance of disarticulated fossils weathering out of a paleosol. This new locality is stratigraphically between the previously-described Late Pennsylvanian Hamilton (Virgilian) and Garnett (Missourian) fossil localities, thus helping to fill the temporal gap between these two. The paleosol contains 11 paleohorizons of alternating grey and red clays capped by thin weathered sandstone blocks with micro-crossbedding, which is consistent with channel sand deposits. Over 2000 fossils were collected, all of which were disarticulated, complicating identification. Identified taxa include the xenacanth shark Orthacanthus, the lungfish Sagenodus c.f. S. Serratus, the temnospondyl amphibians, embolomerous and diadectid reptiliomorphs, and synapsid amniotes. So far, no fossil invertebrates or plants have been discovered. The fossil fish and the amphibians indicate the nearby presence of fresh water. This, together with the presence of the weathered sandstone blocks, suggests that the depositional environment was a fluvial floodplain. The remains were probably first disarticulated within the stream, and then the smaller bones, teeth, and spines were sorted while in the stream and/or during a flood event. They could then have been deposited in a depression in the landscape, such as a swale. The Toronto locality has faunal similarities to both the Hamilton Quarry and Garnett fossil localities. However, unlike both of these other localities, which have articulated specimens, this locality only has disarticulated specimens. Additionally, while the other two localities also each has invertebrates and flora, the Toronto locality has only vertebrates. The Garnett locality was an estuarine setting, whereas the Hamilton Quarry fossils were all deposited within a fluvial channel, and the Toronto locality was a floodplain that shows no direct marine influence.
The General Circulation of the Tropical Atmosphere and Climate Changes

I examine the general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and climate changes. First, the response of the zonal surface temperature gradients and zonally asymmetric tropical overturning circulations (Walker circulations) to substantial changes in the longwave optical depth of the atmosphere in an idealized general circulation model (GCM) is compared with scaling theories. Second, the response of the hydrological cycle and monsoonal Hadley circulations to changes in top-of-atmosphere insolation associated with orbital precession is examined in an idealized GCM. Zonal surface temperature gradients and Walker circulations are examined over a wide range of climates simulated by varying the optical thickness in an idealized atmospheric GCM with a climate-invariant zonally asymmetric ocean energy flux. The tropical zonal surface temperature gradient and Walker circulation generally decrease as the climate warms in the GCM simulations. A scaling relationship based on a two-term balance in the surface energy budget accounts for the changes in the zonally asymmetric component of the GCM-simulated surface temperature gradients. A scaling estimate for the Walker circulation based on differential changes (precipitation rates and saturation specific humidity) in the hydrological cycle accounts for the GCM simulations provided locally averaged quantities are used in the estimate. The results of atmospheric GCM simulations with varied top-of-atmosphere insolation are analyzed to constrain orbitally-forced changes in the tropical atmospheric circulations and precipitation. When the perihelion is varied between solstices, there is more annual-mean precipitation in the hemisphere in which perihelion occurs during the summer solstice. In aquaplanet simulations, this is primarily associated with thermodynamic changes: there is a correlation between the seasonal cycle of the perturbed water vapor and the seasonal cycle of the Hadley circulation convergence. The monsoonal Hadley circulation does not respond to insolation gradients in a simple manner, as the atmosphere’s energy stratification changes. An idealized continent that has a simple treatment of land surface hydrology and inhomogeneous heat capacity allows an assessment of how land-sea contrasts can mediate the response to orbital precession. In these simulations, the response of precipitation to orbital precession depends on changes in the atmospheric circulation, which strengthens when perihelion occurs in the summer of the hemisphere with the land region. The changes in atmospheric circulation are related to changes in both the top-of-atmosphere energy balance and the thermodynamic properties of the surface.
Students’ Intuition-Based Self-Efficacy and Evidence-Based Self-Efficacy towards Their Oral Presentation

Self-efficacy has a profound effect on learners’ performance, especially, in speaking skills and oral presentations as they require many more skills other than language knowledge. This study aims to investigate students’ intuition-based and evidencebased self-efficacy in oral presentations. The study was conducted with 24 subjects. They were asked to do a questionnaire and to report their intuition-based selfefficacy in their oral presentations. Later, the same questionnaire was used to rate their self-efficacy after the actual performance. The results showed that the levels of intuition-based self-efficacy were significantly higher than that of evidence-based self-efficacy in all three components of the presentation: language, delivery and organization. Evidence from the students’ actual performance strongly affected their self-efficacy suggesting that there is a bidirectional relationship between them and that evidence plays important roles in improving students’ performance.
Internal governance and fraud prevention system: The potentiality of the spiritual quotient

Cases of financial fraud by local governments in Indonesia are on the rise, causing significant losses to the state. The weak internal control system and the apparatus’s low integrity are some well-known culprits, thus confirming the fraud diamond theory of Wolfe and Hermanson (2004). As a religious country, the potentiality of spirituality seeks to increase governmental internal control systems and regional management information systems that are still underrepresented in previous studies despite Nguyen and Crossan (2022) arguments that the infusion of virtue ethics into fraud management systems can greatly benefit from it. This article provides an empirical investigation as to whether implementing the government’s internal control system and regional management information systems might prevent fraud in Indonesian local governments, with the spiritual quotient (SQ) as the moderating factor in these relationships. This study employs a quantitative approach by collecting response data from the financial division apparatus in Indonesia. The sample was determined by the purposive sampling method and sent to the head of budget planning and treasury in Indonesia, resulting in 221 return questionnaires. The partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to analyze the direct and moderating relationships. This study reports that the implementation of the government’s internal control system and regional management information system has successfully prevented fraud in the financial reporting of local governments. The spiritual quotient strengthens the implementation of the government’s internal control system in avoiding fraud. However, the same does not occur with the regional management information system. The article concludes with discussions and implications.
Incidence, Clinicopathological Features and Oncologic Outcome of Appendiceal Neoplasms: A Single-Center Cohort Study

Appendiceal tumors represent a large amalgam of different tumor lineages. The continuous evolution in their pathological classifications has led to some variable recommended attitudes over time. The aim of this study is to review the incidence, clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic approach and oncological results in this type of tumor at our institution. This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Every pathologic report catalogued as an appendiceal specimen was reviewed for a time period of 5 years (2013–2017) at our institution. Demographic, clinical, pathological and oncologic follow-up data were recorded. A descriptive study of the sample was completed. A total of 1434 appendiceal specimens was analyzed. Appendiceal neoplasms incidence was 3.2%. Epithelial tumors were the predominant histological subtype, making up 68% of the cases. Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasia and neuroendocrine tumors were the most frequent neoplasms with malignant potential, with 13 and 6 cases, respectively. In more than 80% of neoplasia cases, the definitive treatment was appendectomy. Mortality cases were related to tumors with a very poor prognosis and an advanced stage. All patients had adequate oncological follow-up. Although it is still quite rare, the incidence of appendiceal tumors is increasing with an epidemiological change in favor of mucinous neoplasms currently predominating. Therefore, it is necessary to know and use an updated anatomo-pathological classification in order to provide correct treatment in the first or second surgical stage, as well as the correct follow-up of patients.
A Novel Zn2Cys6 Transcription Factor, TopC, Positively Regulates Trichodin A and Asperpyridone A Biosynthesis in Tolypocladium ophioglossoides

Asperpyridone A represents an unusual class of pyridone alkaloids with demonstrated potential for hypoglycemic activity, primarily by promoting glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. Trichodin A, initially isolated from the marine fungus Trichoderma sp. strain MF106, exhibits notable antibiotic activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Despite their pharmacological significance, the regulatory mechanisms governing their biosynthesis have remained elusive. In this investigation, we initiated the activation of a latent gene cluster, denoted as “top”, through the overexpression of the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor TopC in Tolypocladium ophioglossoides. The activation of the top cluster led to the biosynthesis of asperpyridone A, pyridoxatin, and trichodin A. Our study also elucidated that the regulator TopC exerts precise control over the biosynthesis of asperpyridone A and trichodin A through the detection of protein–nucleic acid interactions. Moreover, by complementing these findings with gene deletions involving topA and topH, we proposed a comprehensive biosynthesis pathway for asperpyridone A and trichodin A in T. ophioglossoides.
The relationship between HLA-B*51 subtypes, clinical manifestations and severity of Behçet’s syndrome: a large Italian cohort study

Abstract Objectives Behçet’s syndrome (BS) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disorder of unclear aetiology. The predominant BS susceptibility locus was identified within HLA-B*51. HLA-B*51 subtypes were previously studied as disease susceptibility markers. Few data are now available about the relationship between B*51 subtypes and clinical phenotype. The aim of this study was to genotype HLA-B*51 subtypes in a series of Italian BS patients and to test the association with clinical manifestations and disease severity (Krause’s index). Methods HLA-B*51 subtype genotyping for 63 alleles (B*51:01–B*51:63) was performed by PCR after DNA extraction from whole blood of BS patients. The correlation of disease clinical manifestations and severity (Krause’s index) with the HLA-B*51 allele and its subtypes was analysed. Results We enrolled 241 (140 male and 101 female) BS patients, and HLA-B*51 frequency was 62.7% (151 of 241). One hundred and eight of the HLA-B*51-positive patients carried the B*51:01 subtype (108 of 151, 71.5%), 39 of 151 (25.8%) the B*51:08 subtype, 2 of 151 (1.3%) the B*51:02 subtype, 1 of 151 (0.7%) the B*51:05 subtype, and 1 of 151 (0.7%) the B*51:07 subtype. We found that ocular involvement was statistically associated with HLA-B*51 positivity and with B*51:01 and B*51:08 subtypes (P < 0.05). We also found that disease severity was higher in HLA-B*51-positive patients than in negative patients, but without statistical significance (median Krause’s index 5.1 vs 4.1, P > 0.05). Conclusion Here, we confirm a high frequency of the HLA-B*51 allele in our group of BS patients. B*51:01 and B*51:08 were found to be the most common subtypes, and an association of both subtypes with ocular involvement was also underlined.
Influence of ground water on surface water conditions in a glacial flood plain of the Swiss Alps

Hydrological exchange processes in alluvial flood plains occur along several major pathways operating at different scales. Ground water–surface water interactions exert major control on structural and functional attributes of stream ecosystems. The role of ground water on environmental conditions in surface water habitats was investigated as part of a holistic ecological study of Val Roseg, a complex glacial flood plain in the Swiss Alps. Six channel types were identified based on surface hydrological connectivity with the main channel and water source: the main channel, side channels, intermittently-connected channels, mixed channels, groundwater channels, and tributaries. The groundwater channels have no upstream connection with surface channels since they are fed by alluvial or tributary aquifers. Compared with other channel types, groundwater channels are characterised by relatively high and constant temperatures, low turbidity, and high specific conductance, bicarbonate and nitrate concentrations. Different types of groundwater habitats were delineated, based on their silica concentrations and temporal patterns of specific conductance. Increases in the concentrations of major ions with declining discharge clearly show a shift from a glacier meltwater-dominated flood plain in summer to a groundwater-dominated system in autumn and winter. A conceptual model was developed to portray the different groundwater reservoirs and flux pathways thought to structure the habitat template of the Val Roseg hydrosystem. This model serves as a framework for future studies of the role of ground water in sustaining what appear to be diverse and abundant benthic and interstitial communities in this harsh environment. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.