Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Rice Production Sustainability under Future Landuse and Population in Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia

Rice is the staple food and its cultivation requires a specific land condition. The population growth, urbanization, and plantation expansion together with socio-economic development are the driving factors of the riceland decline in Deli Serdang Regency of North Sumatera, Indonesia. As a consequence, likely availability and sustainability of rice production are threatened. Hence, it is important to understand how the future landuse and population change will affect the riceland area and production. In the lack of spatially simulated information for the future which could be useful in planning the riceland areas, the study objectives were to project the landuse change by 2040 under three scenarios, Business as Usual (BAU), Potential Riceland Protection (PRP) and Conservation Oriented (CO), and to investigate the impact of consumption demand on the sustainability of rice production. Landsat satellite data of 2009 and 2018, several spatial GIS data, and survey data were analyzed in ArcGIS, Dyna-CLUE, and SPSS software to generate the landuse classification and to simulate the future landuses; while the population projection by 2040 was derived from a Geometric Model. The results showed that forest and riceland areas will decrease with the continuous increase of plantation and urban areas under BAU scenario, but could be protected and increased under PRP scenario. The sustainability of rice production depends not only on the total riceland area, but also the productivity, the population growth, the consumption rate, and the policy. The simulated results of three scenarios serve as an important input to planning for protecting the riceland areas and thus sustained rice production in Deli Serdang Regency.
METERWAVELENGTH SINGLE-PULSE POLARIMETRIC EMISSION SURVEY

We have conducted the Meterwavelength Single-pulse Polarimetric Emission Survey to study the radio emission properties of normal pulsars. A total of 123 pulsars with periods between 0.1 and 8.5 s were observed in the survey at two different frequencies: 105 profiles at 333 MHz, 118 profiles at 618 MHz, and 100 pulsars at both. In this work we concentrate primarily on the time-averaged properties of the pulsar emission. The measured widths of the pulsar profiles in our sample usually exhibit the radius-to-frequency mapping. We validate the existence of lower bounds for the distribution of profile widths with pulsar period (P), which is seen for multiple definitions of the width, namely, a lower boundary line (LBL) at 2. °7P−0.5 with width measured at 50% level of profile peak, an LBL at 5. °7 P−0.5 for 10% level of peak, and an LBL at 6. °3P−0.5 for width defined as 5σ above the baseline level. In addition, we have measured the degree of linear polarization in the average profile of pulsars and confirmed their dependence on pulsar spin-down energy loss ( E ˙ ). The single-pulse polarization data show interesting trends, with the polarization position angle (PPA) distribution exhibiting the simple rotating vector model for high- E ˙ pulsars, while the PPA becomes more complex for medium- and low- E ˙ pulsars. The single-pulse total intensity data are useful for studying a number of emission properties from pulsars like subpulse drifting, nulling, and mode changing, which are being explored in separate works.
Urticaria and HIV Infection: A Case Report

Urticaria is a common skin rash, which can be acute or chronic. It can be idiopathic or associated with various disorders and infections, but rarely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We report a case of an adult male presenting with a new onset of chronic urticaria. Its workup revealed newly diagnosed HIV. The frequency and severity of urticaria wheals improved significantly with HIV treatment.
Neutron scattering signatures of the 3D hyperhoneycomb Kitaev quantum spin liquid

Motivated by recent synthesis of the hyperhoneycomb material β−Li2IrO3, we study the dynamical structure factor (DSF) of the corresponding 3D Kitaev quantum spin-liquid (QSL), whose fractionalized degrees of freedom are Majorana fermions and emergent flux loops. The properties of this 3D model are known to differ in important ways from those of its 2D counterpart—it has a finite-temperature phase transition, as well as distinct features in the Raman response. We show, however, that the qualitative behavior of the DSF is broadly dimension-independent. Characteristics of the 3D DSF include a response gap even in the gapless QSL phase and an energy dependence deriving from the Majorana fermion density of states. Since the majority of the response is from states containing a single Majorana excitation, our results suggest inelastic neutron scattering as the spectroscopy of choice to illuminate the physics of Majorana fermions in Kitaev QSLs.
SEARCH FOR GLOBAL f-MODES AND p-MODES IN THE 8B NEUTRINO FLUX

The impact of global acoustic modes on the 8B neutrino flux time series is computed for the first time. It is shown that the time fluctuations of the 8B neutrino flux depend on the amplitude of acoustic eigenfunctions in the region where the 8B neutrino flux is produced: modes with low n (or order) that have eigenfunctions with a relatively large amplitude in the Sun's core strongly affect the neutrino flux; conversely, modes with high n that have eigenfunctions with a minimal amplitude in the Sun's core have a very small impact on the neutrino flux. It was found that the global modes with a larger impact on the 8B neutrino flux have a frequency of oscillation in the interval 250 μHz to 500 μHz (or a period in the interval 30 minutes to 70 minutes), such as the f-modes (n = 0) for the low degrees, radial modes of order n ⩽ 3, and the dipole mode of order n = 1. Their corresponding neutrino eigenfunctions are very sensitive to the solar inner core and are unaffected by the variability of the external layers of the solar surface. If time variability of neutrinos is observed for these modes, it will lead to new ways of improving the sound speed profile inversion in the central region of the Sun.
Finite-Time Cluster Synchronization of Delayed Fractional-Order Fully Complex-Valued Community Networks

This paper focuses on the finite-time (FNT) cluster synchronization issues for a class of delayed fractional-order fully complex-valued community networks (FFCVCNs). A new mathematical expression of the complex networks is developed with internal delay, non-delayed and delayed couplings, complex-valued state variables, system function, coupling strengths, inner coupling matrices and outer coupling matrices. Instead of transforming the complex-valued (CV) networks into two independent real-valued (RV) systems, the delay-dependent controllers are designed based on the quadratic norm and a novel norm composed of the absolute-valued norm to realize the cluster synchronization for the proposed complex networks in FNT, respectively. In addition, the upper bounds of the settling time (ST) when the system could reach finite-time cluster synchronization are estimated. The obtained results are less conservative than some of the existing studies due to the characteristics of fully fractional-order complex-valued (FOCV) dynamical networks. The feasibility and effectiveness of the main results are demonstrated by simulation examples.
PLK3 amplification and tumor immune microenvironment of metastatic tumors are linked to adjuvant treatment outcomes in uterine serous cancer

Abstract Uterine serous carcinoma (USC), an aggressive variant of endometrial cancer representing approximately 10% of endometrial cancer diagnoses, accounts for ∼39% of endometrial cancer-related deaths. We examined the role of genomic alterations in advanced-stage USC associated with outcome using paired primary-metastatic tumors (n = 29) treated with adjuvant platinum and taxane chemotherapy. Comparative genomic analysis of paired primary-metastatic patient tumors included whole exome sequencing and targeted gene expression. Both PLK3 amplification and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in metastatic tumors were linked to time-to-recurrence (TTR) risk without any such association observed with primary tumors. TP53 loss was significantly more frequent in metastatic tumors of platinum-resistant versus platinum-sensitive patients and was also associated with increased recurrence and mortality risk. Increased levels of chr1 breakpoints in USC metastatic versus primary tumors co-occur with PLK3 amplification. PLK3 and the TIME are potential targets for improving outcomes in USC adjuvant therapy.
Superconductivity at 1 K in Cd2Re2O7

We report the first pyrochlore oxide superconductor Cd2Re2O7. Resistivity,magnetic susceptibility,and specific heat measurements on single crystals evidence a bulk superconductivity at 1 K. Another phase transition found at 200 K suggests that a peculiar electronic structure lies behind the superconductivity.
CLUSTER-LENSING: A PYTHON PACKAGE FOR GALAXY CLUSTERS AND MISCENTERING

We describe a new open source package for calculating properties of galaxy clusters, including Navarro, Frenk, and White halo profiles with and without the effects of cluster miscentering. This pure-Python package, cluster-lensing, provides well-documented and easy-to-use classes and functions for calculating cluster scaling relations, including mass-richness and mass-concentration relations from the literature, as well as the surface mass density and differential surface mass density profiles, probed by weak lensing magnification and shear. Galaxy cluster miscentering is especially a concern for stacked weak lensing shear studies of galaxy clusters, where offsets between the assumed and the true underlying matter distribution can lead to a significant bias in the mass estimates if not accounted for. This software has been developed and released in a public GitHub repository, and is licensed under the permissive MIT license. The cluster-lensing package is archived on Zenodo. Full documentation, source code, and installation instructions are available at http://jesford.github. io/cluster-lensing/.
Recoil collisions as a portal to field-assisted ionization at near-uv frequencies in the strong-field double ionization of helium

We explore the dependence of the double ionization of the He atom on the frequency of a strong laser field while keeping the ponderomotive energy constant. As we increase the frequency we find that the remarkable "fingerlike" structure for high momenta recently found for omega=0.055 a.u. persists for higher frequencies. At the same time, at omega=0.187 a.u. , a new X-shaped structure emerges for small momenta that prevails in the correlated momenta distribution. The role of this structure as a signature of the frequency dependence of nonsequential double ionization is discussed.
A Morse-Bott Approach to Monopole Floer
 Homology and the Triangulation Conjecture

In the present work we generalize the construction of monopole Floer homology due to Kronheimer and Mrowka to the case of a gradient flow with Morse-Bott singularities. Focusing then on the special case of a three-manifold equipped with a spin$^c$ structure isomorphic to its conjugate, we define the counterpart in this context of Manolescu's recent $\mathrm{Pin}(2)$-equivariant Seiberg-Witten-Floer homology. In particular, we provide an alternative approach to his disproof of the celebrated Triangulation conjecture.
Cordes et D-branes dans les espaces-temps courbes

This thesis is devoted to the construction and study of D-branes in some curved space-times in string theory. On the one hand, those D-branes are described geometrically as submanifolds subject to Born-Infeld effective dynamics. On the other hand, they can be built microscopically using boundary conformal field theory. We use and compare those two approaches. We also improve them technically : we rewrite Born-Infeld dynamics in a gauge-invariant way, and formulate precise analyticity requirements for the density of open strings on certain D-branes. Our results include the effective description of symmetric D-branes in compact groups, the determination of the complete spectrum of open strings on AdS2 D-branes in AdS3, the exact construction of some D-branes in the cigar SL(2)/U(1), and a geometric description of all D3-branes in NS5-brane backgrounds.
Cosmological aspects of gauge mediated supersymmetry breakdown

In this thesis, we study the details of some fundamental cosmological problems of the gauge mediated supersymmetry breakdown and we probe the supersymmetry breaking sector by cosmological arguments. We manifest that problems like the metastable vacuum selection and the gravitino overproduction in the reheated early universe are naturally absent in the most general class of gauge mediation models without including additional ingredients or assumptions. We also find that the gravitino can generically account for the bulk dark matter of the universe. Cosmological implications of a stringy UV-completion of the supersymmetry breaking sector have been also considered.
Structure of vacancy-ordered single-crystalline superconducting potassium iron selenide

With single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies, we compare the structures of three samples showing optimal superconductivity: K0.775(4)Fe1.613(1)Se2, K0.737(6)Fe1.631(3)Se2, and Cs0.748(2)Fe1.626(1)Se2. All have an almost identical ordered vacancy structure with a (root 5 x root 5 x 1) supercell. The tetragonal unit cell, space group I4/m, possesses lattice parameters at 250 K of a = b = 8.729(2) angstrom and c = 14.120(3) angstrom, a = b = 8.7186(12) angstrom and c = 14.0853(19) angstrom, and at 295 K, a = b = 8.8617(16) angstrom and c = 15.304(3) angstrom for the three crystals, respectively. The structure contains two iron sites; one is almost completely empty while the other is fully occupied. There are similarly two alkali metal sites that are occupied in the range of 72.2(2)%-85.3(3)%. The inclusion of alkali metals and the presence of vacancies within the structure allows for considerable relaxation of the FeSe4 tetrahedron, compared with members of the Fe(Te, Se, S) series, and the resulting shift of the Se-Fe-Se bond angles to less distorted geometry could be important in understanding the associated increase in the superconducting transition temperature. The structure of these superconductors are distinguished from the structure of the nonsuperconducting phases by an almost complete absence of Fe on the (0 0.5 0.25) site, as well as lower alkali metal occupancy that ensures an exact Fe2+ oxidation state, which are clearly critical parameters in the promotion of superconductivity.
Invariants of free turbulent decay

In practically all turbulent flows, turbulent energy decay is present and competes with numerous other phenomena. In Kolmogorov's theory, decay proceeds by transfer from large energy-containing scales towards small viscous scales through the "inertial cascade. " Yet, this description cannot predict an actual decay rate, even in the simplest case of homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT). As empirically observed over 50 years, the steepness of the "infrared" spectrum - at scales larger than energy-containing eddies - determines decay, but theoretical understanding is still missing. Here, HIT decay laws are derived from angular momentum invariance at large scales - an approach first mentioned by Landau in 1944, but unduly dismissed later. This invariance also predicts the so-far unexplored turbulence decay in layer, tube, and spot zones in a fluid at rest. Beyond expanded and simplified theoretical descriptions, these findings suggest new practical modeling strategies for turbulent dissipation, often deficient in applied simulations.
Effects of bisphenol A on pancreas and thyroid gland of young and adult female Sprague Dawlеy rats

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical involved in formation of plastic vessels, is one of the most widespread endocrine disrupting chemicals. The study was designed to investigate the effect of BPA on pancreas and thyroid gland of young and adult female Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were exposed to 330 mg/kg BPA orally every other day for 12 weeks; control rats were exposed orally to ethyl alcohol and corn oil. Samples were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks for hormonal, biochemical assays and histopathological examination. The insulin hormone in exposed young rats was decreased, but its level in adult ones was increased; the biochemical assay for blood sugar level showed a significant increase in young rats and decrease in adult ones. T3 hormone was increased in treated young and adult rats; T4 hormone was increased in treated adults, while calcium level was decreased in treated adult rats. The histopathological findings of pancreas revealed vacuolation in its endocrine parts in young rats, while in adult ones there was intralobular fatty infiltration - a typical picture of diabetes. The thyroid gland in treated young female rats showed increased cellularity of parafollicular cells; moreover there was parafollicular haemorrhage, and in adult ones - desquamation in lining epithelium of follicular cells. In conclusion, exposure of young and adult female rats to BPA resulted in changes in the pancreatic and thyroid gland cells manifested by morphological, hormonal and biochemical parameters.
Modelling the strength of mineral–organic binding: organic molecules on the α-Al2O3(0001) surface

Organic carbon (OC) is an essential component of soil. Sorption of OC to oxide mineral surfaces is a key process in soil preservation due to its ability to protect OC from microbial degradation. To understand the sorption of OC in soils and obtain a quantitative description of the binding of organic molecules to soil minerals, we investigated the binding of water and small organic molecules, typical building blocks of OC, on α-Al2O3, a common soil mineral. α-Al2O3 was modelled using (0001)-oriented periodic slabs, using density functional theory calculations with empirical dispersion correction. For water, dissociative adsorption was energetically preferred to molecular adsorption. Amine, amide and carboxylic acid functional groups were found to bind more strongly to this surface compared to water. Alcohol, ether, thiol and ester functional groups had adsorption energies very similar to that of water, while hydrocarbons were found to bind less strongly. Carboxylic acids were the strongest bound surface adsorbates in this study. Dissociated adsorption configurations (where allowed by the molecules' chemical nature) were usually more favourable than molecular adsorption. Hydrogen bonding was found to be a major contributor to the stability of adsorption configurations. This work shows that a number of organic functional groups, in particular amine, amide and carboxylic acids, bind to the α-Al2O3(0001) surface more strongly than water; thus they are likely to be adsorbed on this mineral surface under ambient conditions and to provide stability of adsorbed OC.
Graphene-on-Sapphire and Graphene-on-Glass: Raman Spectroscopy Study

The room-temperature Raman signatures from graphene layers on sapphire and glass substrates were compared with those from graphene on GaAs substrate and on the standard Si/SiO2 substrate, which served as a reference. It was found that while G peak of graphene on Si/SiO2 and GaAs is positioned at 1580 cm -1 it is down-shifted by ~5 cm -1 for graphene-on-sapphire (GOS) and, in many cases, splits into doublets for graphene-on-glass (GOG) with the central frequency around 1580 cm -1 . The obtained results are important for graphene characterization and its proposed graphene applications in electronic devices.
Spectroscopic detection of C iv λ1548 in a galaxy at z = 7.045: implications for the ionizing spectra of reionization-era galaxies

We present Keck/MOSFIRE observations of UV metal lines in four bright gravitationally-lensed z~6-8 galaxies behind the cluster Abell 1703. The spectrum of A1703-zd6, a highly-magnified star forming galaxy with a Lyman-alpha redshift of z=7.045, reveals a confident detection of the nebular CIV emission line (unresolved with FWHM 7, it would indicate that reionization-era galaxies are more efficient ionizing agents than previously thought. Alternatively, we suggest that the small sample of Lyman-alpha emitters at z>7 may trace a rare population with intense radiation fields capable of ionizing their surrounding hydrogen distribution. Additional constraints on high ionization emission lines in galaxies with and without Lyman-alpha detections will help clarify whether hard ionizing spectra are common in the reionization era.
Moisture Dependent Degradation Rate of Silicone in LED Optical Housing Material—Ab-Initio Modelling

Degradation of LED housings which make up of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) in outdoor applications has been one of the rising concerns as they reduce the overall lifetime of the LED leading to cost and safety issues. The primary stressors for such LED degradation were found to be humidity and light emitted from the LED dice. The degradation mechanisms are hydrolysis and condensation of PDMS which themselves are interdependent. The degradation rate was also found to be dependent on the humidity level. This work identifies these dependencies, using ab-initio density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation, and the results agree with the reported experimental data. From the detail understanding of the degradation mechanisms and the identification of the rate determining factors which are moisture level and the level of light absorption in PDMS, acceleration models commonly used for extrapolation are questioned, and new quality indexes of the PDMS are also identified to ensure the durability of LEDs in outdoor applications. Testing method to evaluate these new quality indexes is also proposed.
Sewage sludge biochars as effective PFAS-sorbents.

The use of sewage sludge to produce biochar-based sorbents for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) removal from water and soil may be an economically and environmentally sustainable waste management option. This study compared the sorption of six perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) by two sewage sludge biochars (SSBCs) and one wood chip biochar (WCBC), dry pyrolyzed at 700 °C. Batch sorption tests were conducted by adding individual PFCAs and a PFCA-mixture to pure biochars and mixtures of biochar and a sandy soil (1.3% TOC). PFAS-sorption to the SSBCs exhibited log-linear biochar-water distribution coefficients (log Kd), comparable to those previously reported for commercial activated carbons (e.g., 5.73 ± 0.02 for perfluorooctanoic acid at 1 µg/L). The strong sorption of PFCAs was attributed to the SSBCs relatively high pore volumes in the pore size range that can accommodate these compounds. Sorption was attenuated by the presence of soil (by factors 3-10), by the presence of a mixture of PFCAs (by factors of 6-532) and by both together (by factors of 8-6581), indicating strongly competitive sorption between PFCA-congeners, and less severe sorption attenuation by soil organic matter. These findings could enable sustainable value chains for SSBs in soil remediation and water filtration solutions.