Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Cinnamon Oil against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pneumonic Sheep and Goats

The primary objectives were to isolate and identify Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation abilities of the isolates. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects of cinnamon oil against K. pneumoniae isolates. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to April 2023 to collect 200 samples (including 156 nasal swabs and 44 lung specimens) from pneumonic sheep and goats admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Zagazig University, Egypt. K. pneumoniae was isolated from a total of 72 (36%) samples, with 53 (73.6%) isolates recovered from nasal swabs and 19 (26.4%) from lung samples. Among the samples, 52 (36.9%) were from sheep and 20 (33.9%) were from goats. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the 72 K. pneumoniae isolates to 18 antimicrobials revealed that all isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, colistin, fosfomycin, and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. None of the isolates were resistant to amikacin, imipenem, and norfloxacin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in all K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from sheep and goats. The average MAR index was 0.71, ranging from 0.50 to 0.83. Regarding biofilm formation, among the K. pneumoniae isolates with a high MAR index (n = 30), 10% exhibited strong formation, 40% showed moderate formation, 43.3% displayed weak formation, and 6.7% did not form biofilms. Additionally, the biofilm-forming genes treC and fimA were present in all 28 biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae isolates, while the mrkA gene was detected in 15 (53.6%) of the 28 isolates. MDR K. pneumoniae isolates with strong biofilm formation abilities were treated with cinnamon oil at varying concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%). This treatment resulted in inhibition zone diameters ranging from 35 to 45 mm. Cinnamon oil exhibited lower minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values compared to norfloxacin for all isolates. Additionally, cinnamon oil significantly reduced the expression of biofilm-associated genes (treC, fimA, and mrkA) when compared to isolates treated with norfloxacin or untreated. In conclusion, this study identified a high level of MDR K. pneumoniae with strong and moderate biofilm formation abilities in pneumonic sheep and goats in Sharika Governorate, Egypt. Although cinnamon oil demonstrated potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against K. pneumoniae, further research is required to investigate its effectiveness in treating K. pneumoniae infections in pneumonic sheep and goats.
HYDRAULICS OF RUNOFF FROM DEVELOPED SURFACES

RUNOFF PRODUCED BY RAINFALL ON A DEVELOPED SURFACE, SUCH AS A HIGHWAY PAVEMENT OR AIRFIELD RUNWAY, TAKES PLACE AS "OVERLAND" FLOW IN A THIN SHEET ACROSS THE SURFACE. USUALLY THIS OVERLAND FLOW IS COLLECTED IN A LONGITUDINAL GUTTER. THE FIRST PART OF THIS PAPER DEALS WITH THE HYDRAULICS OF OVERLAND FLOW AS DEVELOPED FROM A COOPERATIVE EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT. A METHOD IS GIVEN FOR COMPUTING THE HYDROGRAPH OF RUNOFF RESULTING FROM GIVEN RATES OF RAINFALL TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE ROUGHNESS, SLOPE, AND LENGTH OF THE SURFACE. THE SECOND PART OF THE PAPER IS BASED ON AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE HYDRAULICS OF FLOW IN A GUTTER COLLECTING RUNOFF ALONG THE EDGE OF A PAVEMENT. THE STUDY SHOWS HOW STORAGE IN THE GUTTER CAUSES THE OUTFLOW HYDROGRAPH TO LAG BEHIND THE INFLOW HYDROGRAPH. AN APPROXIMATE METHOD IS GIVEN FOR COMPUTING THE HYDROGRAPH OF OUTFLOW TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE ROUGHNESS, GRADE AND LENGTH OF THE GUTTER AS WELL AS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERLAND FLOW. AS A PRACTICAL APPLICATION CURVES ARE DEVELOPED GIVING THE MAXIMUM RATE OF RUNOFF ON A GIVEN ROADWAY CROSS-SECTION FOR VARIOUS LENGTHS OF ROADWAY AS LIMITED BY THE INTENSITY-DURATION RAINFALL FREQUENCY CURVES FOR A GIVEN LOCALITY. /AUTHOR/
Pollution characteristics of the atmospheric fine particles and related gaseous pollutants in the northeastern urban area of Beijing in winter season.

Simultaneous measurements of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 and related gaseous pollutants in November 2008 and in January 2009 were made by using an versatile air pollutants sampler(URG-3000K) and a DX-600 ion chromatography in the northeastern urban area of Beijing.The mass concentrations of PM2.5 showed the "3 peaks" changing style,and in the "3 peaks" period,the mass concentrations of PM2.5 became higher with the sampling time passed by.The pollution level of the major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 decreased compared with the past monitoring results in Beijing and other big cities.PM2.5 had weak acidity,which would promote the acidification of the atmosphere environment and the forming of acidic precipitation.NH4+ in PM2.5 existed mainly in the form of sulfate,nitrate and chloride.The mass concentrations of SO42-and NO3-in PM2.5 had the similar variation trend with those of SO2 and NO2,respectively.SO42-and NO3-in PM2.5 were mainly transformed from SO2 and NO2,respectively,and the second conversion rate of NO2 was lower than that of SO2.
Mitchell’s osteotomy augmented with bio-absorbable pins for the treatment of hallux valgus: A comparative finite element study

Background: There is an inadequacy of conventional means to assess the surgical outcomes of a bunion surgery. We used the Finite Element Analysis for evaluating the typical Mitchell’s procedure outcomes with or without bio-absorbable pins. Methods: We developed a 3D FE model based on the CT images of a female volunteer with hallux valgus. A typical procedure was simulated on the foot model and two pins were virtually inserted for enhancing the fixation. We validated our model by comparing the predicted pressure results with the plantar pressure measured by a specific platform. Results: The comparison of the plantar pressure distribution revealed similar patterns. A greater displacement was observed on the medial side of the osteotomy, but it was decreased after using pins. The maximum average pressure under the 1st metatarsal head was decreased after the osteotomy. The respective pressure under the 3rd and 5th metatarsal head was decreased more after using pins, while, under the 2nd and 4th metatarsal head, an increase was developed. Conclusion: The use of pins had no significant influence on the healing process but gave additional stability inside the osteotomy and could be used in cases where enhancement is needed. The surgeon should be familiar with the expected stress rising to the other metatarsal, considering the concomitant pathology or the additional interventions that should be performed.
An Estimate of Breeding Females and Analyses of Demographics for the Bluenose-East Herd of Barren-ground Caribou: 2013 Calving Ground Photographic Survey

This report details the calving ground photo survey of the Bluenose-East caribou herd conducted during June of 2013 in Nunavut (NU), near Kugluktuk, NU. The main objective was to obtain an estimate of breeding females that could be compared to estimates from a previous calving ground survey in 2010. Consistent with previous calving ground photographic surveys, data from collared caribou and systematic reconnaissance survey flight lines at ten km intervals in the calving ground area were used to delineate the core calving area, to assess calving status, to allocate sampling to geographic strata of similar caribou density, and to time the photographic survey plane to coincide with the peak of calving. Based on collar movements and observed proportions of calves, it was determined that the peak of calving would occur soon after June 5 th and the photo-plane survey was planned for June 5 th . Photo-plane survey effort (transect spacing) was allocated into a single high density block (stratum) where the majority of breeding females resided. Four other strata which had lower densities of breeding caribou were surveyed visually June 5-7. A double observer method was used to estimate and correct for sightability of caribou from visual surveys. Survey conditions were acceptable for June 5 th with moderate ceilings and lower snow cover in most areas. Conditions deteriorated later on June 6 th with an oncoming storm front. The photo-plane was unable to survey the entire high stratum due to technical issues and as a result part of it was surveyed using visual methods on June 6 th . The rest of the survey stratum was surveyed on June 6 th and 7 th . A portion of the high-density block (nine lines) was flown visually and by photo-plane to verify similarity of counts. The estimate of 1+ year old caribou on
Fluid chemistry and evolution of hydrothermal fluids in an Archaean transcrustal fault zone network: the case of the Cadillac Tectonic Zone, Abitibi greenstone belt, Canada

Detailed fluid geochemistry studies on hydrothermal quartz veins from the Rouyn-Noranda and Val-d'Or areas along the transcrustal Cadillac Tectonic Zone (CTZ) indicate that unmineralized (with respect to gold) sections of the CTZ contained a distinct CO2-dominated, H2S-poor hydrothermal fluid. In contrast, both gold mineralized sections of the CTZ (e.g., at Orenada #2) and associated higher order shear zones have a H2O-CO2 ±C H 4-NaCl hydrothermal fluid. Their CO2/H2S ratios indicate H2S-rich compositions. The Br/Cl compositions in fluid inclusions trapped in these veins indicate that hydrothermal fluids have been equilibrated with the crust. Oxygen isotope ratios from hydrothermal quartz veins in the CTZ are consistently 2‰ more enriched than those of associated higher order shear zones, which are inter- preted to be a function of greater fluid/rock ratios in the CTZ and lower fluid/rock ratios, and more efficient equilibration of the hydrothermal fluid with the wall rock, in higher order shear zones. An implication from this study is that the lower metal endowment of the transcrustal CTZ, when compared with the higher metal endowment in higher order shear zones (ratio of about 1 : 1000), may be the result of the lack of significant amounts of H 2O-H2 Sr ich fluids in most of the CTZ. In contrast, gold mineralization in the higher order shear zones appear to be controlled by the high H 2S activity of the aqueous fluids, because gold was likely transported in a bisulfide complex and was deposited during sulfidation reac- tions in the wall rock and phase separation in the quartz veins.
PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR MEMBRANE COMPONENT 1 (PGRMC1) INHIBITS THE ACTIVITY OF DRUG-METABOLIZING CYTOCHROMES P450 AND BINDS TO CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE

Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) has been recently shown to interact with several cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and to activate enzymatic activity of CYPs involved in sterol biosynthesis. We analyzed the interactions of PGRMC1 with the drug-metabolizing CYPs, 2C2, 2C8 and 3A4, in transfected cells. Based on co-immunoprecipitation assays, PGRMC1 bound efficiently to all three CYPs and binding to the catalytic cytoplasmic domain of CYP2C2 was much more efficient than to a chimera containing only the N-terminal transmembrane domain. Downregulation of PGRMC1 expression levels in HEK 293 and HepG2 cell lines stably expressing PGRMC1-specific siRNA, had no effect on the ER localization and expression levels of CYPs, whereas enzymatic activities of CYPs 2C2, 2C8 and 3A4 were slightly higher in PGRMC1-deficient cells. Co-transfection of cells with CYPs and PGRMC1 resulted in PGRMC1 concentration-dependent inhibition of the CYP activities and this inhibition was partially reversed by increased expression of the CYP reductase (CPR). In contrast, CYP51 activity was decreased by downregulation of PGRMC1 and expression of PGRMC1 in the PGRMC1-deficient cells increased CYP51 activity. In cells co-transfected with CPR and PGRMC1, strong binding of CPR to PGRMC1 was observed, however, in the presence of CYP2C2, interaction of PGRMC1 with CPR was significantly reduced suggesting that CYP2C2 competes with CPR for binding to PGRMC1. These data show that in contrast to sterol synthesizing CYPs, PGRMC1 is not required for the activities of several drug-metabolizing CYPs and its overexpression inhibits those CYPs’ activities. Further, PGRMC1 binds to CPR which may influence CYP activity. Our results show that several CYPs not in sterol synthesis, but it has no effect on their ER distribution and retention, and surprisingly, inhibits their activities. Interestingly, we have found that also CPR and that increased expression of CPR can partially suppress the inhibitory effect of PGRMC1 on CYP activity.
The effect of horizontal resolution on cloud radiative forcing in the ECMWF model. PCMDI report No. 22

With expanding computer capability and capacity there has been considerable interest in increasing the resolution in GCMs. The primary driving force behind this are two fold: (1) increased resolution may reduce the systematic errors inherent in parameterization of sub-grid scale processes, and (2) higher resolution may improve confidence in regional scale studies of climatic features that are orographically influenced -- such as the effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian Monsoon. This study focuses on the effect of horizontal resolution on the spatial and temporal systematic errors of cloud radiative forcing and its components. In this paper, the top-of-the-atmosphere radiation fields are taken from a series of simulations using the European Centre for Medium Range Forecasts (ECMWF) general circulation model (cycle 33), run at four different horizontal resolutions. Section 2 discusses the concept of cloud radiative forcing and describes the simulations from the ECMWF model. The observed global field of cloud forcing from ERBE is presented in section 3 along with the model-produced fields of the net solar and longwave cloud forcing. The seasonal effect of forcing is described in section 4, and the results are summarized in section 5.
UNIVER SIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E RECURSOS NATURAIS

The semi-arid region of Brazil presents rivers and intermittent streams with flood occurrence and of drought in different frequencies, intensity and duration. These events act as agents of hydrologic disturbance and they are decisive in the characteristics of the aquatic macophytes, in the concentrations of nutrients and in the fluvial geomorphology. This study was accomplished during the hydrologic cycles of 1999 and 2000 in two intermittent rivers of the semi-arid area of Brazil: a permanent pond in the stream Avelos (ephemeral) and two temporary ponds in the river Taperoa (temporary). The objectives were: (1) to determine the occurrence and the variation of the biomass of the species of aquatic macrophytes, (2) to determine the dynamics of nitrogen, ortophosphate, organic matter and particulate matter in the superficial water and hiporheic and in the fluvial sediment and parafluvial, (3) to verify the effects of the hydrologic variation in the level of the water and in the thickness of the sediment. Twenty-one visits were accomplished in the field during the weting phases, drying and dry. The sampling of the macrophytes for the study of the biomass was made in agreement with the method of the squares, the nitrate and the ortophosphate by the methodology pattern, and the variations geomorphology they were calculated through measures of the level of the water and thickness of the sediment. They happened floods in different frequency and magnitude during the study. The ephemeral stream presented phase of larger drought than the temporary river. The flood was a decisive factor in the occurrence and in the composition of the structure of aquatic macrophytes, in the concentrations of nutrients and in the geomorphology fluvial of the ponds. The macrophytes communities subject to floods they present smaller wealth when compared to those of atmospheres without the disturbance. The largest productivity values, biomass and the smallest time for the beginning of the recolonization happened in the flood of intermediate level. The concentrations of nutrients had significant increases in the flood phase, followed by falls of the values in the drying phase. The temporary ponds acted as areas of concentration of particulate matter in the drying phases and dry. The sediment was transported in the form of pulses. The largest significant variations in the depth and in the thickness of the sediment they happened in the phase drying and after events with intermediate magnitude.
International Journal of Biological & Medical Research Study of Electrolyte Disturbances in Acute Asthma

Aims: The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances during acute exacerbation and after standard treatment. Methods: A total of 50 patients admitted with acute asthma were enrolled in the study with random selection. Treatment started according to GINA (Global INitiation of Asthma) protocol. Serum electrolyte levels were measured at intervals of 0 min, 90 minutes and 180 minutes and 24hrs after starting nebulization and followed up to discharge. Results: Electrolyte disturbance at the time of admission was found in 27 patients (54 %); the highest proportion was Hyponatremia 16(32%), followed by Hypomagnesemia 15(30%). After standard treatment decrease in all electrolytes level was noted. Maximum drop in magnesium and potassium levels were noted at 90min, sodium and phosphorous levels at 180min. Severity of asthma was statistically and clinically significant with hypomagnesemia (P=0.04). Other electrolyte disturbances noted were not clinically significant.Conclusion: Electrolyte levels should be checked in acute exacerbation of asthma as it can alter the course of disease progression. As Hypomagnesaemia was significantly associated with severe asthma attack, serum magnesium level should be checked during admission and at least after 2 hours of nebulisation.
Braided Rivers: process, deposits, ecology and management.

Acknowledgements. Braided Rivers: Where Have We Come in 10 Years? Progress and Future Needs (Greg Sambrook Smith, Jim Best, Charlie Bristow and Geoff Petts). Depositional Models of Braided Rivers (John S. Bridge and Ian A. Lunt). A Sedimentological Model to Characterize Braided River Deposits for Hydrogeological Applications (Peter Huggenberger and Christian Regli). Scaling and Hierarchy in Braided Rivers and Their Deposits: Examples and Implications for Reservoir Modelling (Sean Kelly). Approaching the System-Scale Understanding of Braided River Behaviour (Stuart N. Lane). Cellular Modelling of Braided River Form and Process (A.P. Nicholas, R. Thomas and T.A. Quine). Numerical Modelling of Alternate Bars in Shallow Channels (A. Bernini, V. Caleffi and A. Valiani). Methods for Assessing Exploratory Computational Models of Braided Rivers (Andrea B. Doeschl-Wilson, Peter E. Ashmore and Matt Davison). Bed Load Transport in Braided Gravel-Bed Rivers (Christian Marti and Gian Reto Bezzola). Sediment Transport in a Microscale Braided Stream: From Grain Size to Reach Size (P. Meunier and F. Metivier). Morphological Analysis and Prediction of River Bifurcations (Guido Zolezzi, Walter Bertoldi, Marco Tubino). Braided River Management: From Assessment of River Behaviour to Improved Sustainable Development (H. Piegay, Gordon Grant, Futoshi Nakamura and Noel Trustrum). Bank Protection and River Training Along the Braided Brahmaputra-Jamuna River, Bangladesh (Erik Mosselman). Morphological Response of the Brahmaputra-Padma-Lower Meghna River System to the Assam Earthquake of 1950 (Maminul Haque Sarker and Colin R. Thorne). Use of Remote-Sensing with Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models to Assess Impacts of Hydro-Operations on a Large, Braided, Gravel-Bed River: Waitaki River, New Zealand (D. Murray Hicks, U.Shankar, M. J. Duncan, M. Rebuffe and J. Aberle). Effects of Human Impact on Braided River Morphology: Examples From Northern Italy (Nicola Surian). Ecology Of Braided Rivers (Klement Tockner, Achim Paetzold, Ute Karaus, Cecile Claret and Jurg Zettel). Riparian Tree Establishment on Gravel Bars: Interactions Between Plant Growth Strategy and the Physical Environment (Robert A. Francis, Angela M. Gurnell, Geoffrey E. Petts and Peter J. Edwards). Index.
An artificial neural network approach for soil moisture retrieval using passive microwave data

Soil moisture is a key variable that defines land surface-atmosphere (boundary layer) interactions, by contributing directly to the surface energy and water balance. Soil moisture values derived from remote sensing platforms only accounts for the near surface soil layers, generally the top 5cm. Passive microwave data at L-band (1.4 GHz, 21cm wavelength) measurements are shown to be a very effective observation for surface soil moisture retrieval. The first space-borne L-band mission dedicated to observing soil moisture, the European Space Agency‟s (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, was launched on 2nd November 2009. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods have been used to empirically ascertain the complex statistical relationship between soil moisture and brightness temperature in the presence of vegetation cover. The current problem faced by this method is its inability to predict soil moisture values that are “out-of-range” of the training data. In this research, an optimization model is developed for the Backpropagation Neural Network model. This optimization model utilizes the combination of the mean and standard deviation of the soil moisture values, together with the prediction process at different pre-determined, equal size regions to cope with the spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture values. This optimized model coupled with an ANN of optimum architecture, in terms of inputs and the number of neurons in the hidden layers, is developed to predict scale-to-scale and downscaling of soil moisture values. The dependency on the accuracy of the mean and standard deviation values of soil moisture data is also studied in this research by simulating the soil moisture values using a multiple regression model. This model obtains very encouraging results for these research problems. The data used to develop and evaluate the model in this research has been obtained from the National Airborne Field Experiments in 2005.
Three dimensional mobile bed dynamics for sediment transport modeling

The transport and fate of suspended sediments continues to be critical to the understanding of environmental water quality issues within surface waters. Many contaminants of environmental concern within marine and freshwater systems are hydrophobic, thus readily adsorbed to bed material or suspended particles. Additionally, management strategies for evaluating and remediating the effects of dredging operations or marine construction, as well as legacy pollution from military and industrial processes requires knowledge of sediment-water interactions. The dynamic properties within the bed, the bed-water column inter-exchange and the transport properties of the flowing water is a multi-scale nonlinear problem for which the mobile bed dynamics with consolidation (MBDC) model was formulated. A new continuum-based consolidation model for a saturated sediment bed has been developed and verified on a stand-alone basis. The model solves the one-dimensional, vertical, nonlinear Gibson equation describing finite-strain, primary consolidation for saturated fine sediments. The consolidation problem is a moving boundary value problem, and has been coupled with a mobile bed model that solves for bed level variations and grain size fraction(s) in time within a thin layer at the bed surface. The MBDC model represents the first attempt to unify bed exchange and accounting mechanisms with vertically varying bed properties under a single mechanistic framework.