Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist after surgical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: a randomized crossover study

Objective We assessed the neuromechanical efficiency (NME), neuroventilatory efficiency (NVE), and diaphragmatic function effects between pressure support ventilation (PSV) and neutrally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA). Methods Fifteen patients who had undergone surgical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in this randomized crossover study. The patients were assigned to PSV for the first 24 hours and then to NAVA for the following 24 hours or vice versa. The monitored ventilatory parameters under the two ventilation models were compared. NME, NVE, and diaphragmatic function were compared between the two ventilation models. Results One patient’s illness worsened during the study. The study was stopped for this patient, and intact data were obtained from the other 14 patients and analyzed. The monitored tidal volume was significantly higher with PSV than NAVA (487 [443–615] vs. 440 [400–480] mL, respectively). NME, NVE, diaphragmatic function, and the partial pressures of arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen were not significantly different between the two ventilation models. Conclusion The tidal volume was lower with NAVA than PSV; however, the patients’ selected respiratory pattern during NAVA did not change the NME, NVE, or diaphragmatic function. Clinical trial registration no. ChiCTR1900022861
Absence of OATP1B (Organic Anion–Transporting Polypeptide) Induction by Rifampin in Cynomolgus Monkeys: Determination Using the Endogenous OATP1B Marker Coproporphyrin and Tissue Gene Expression

Organic anion–transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B induction is an evolving mechanism of drug disposition and interaction. However, there are contradictory reports describing OATP1B expression in hepatocytes and liver biopsies after administration of an inducer. This study investigated the in vivo effects of the common inducer rifampin (RIF) on the activity and expression of cynomolgus monkey OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters, which are structurally and functionally similar their human OATP1B counterparts. Multiple doses of oral RIF (15 mg/kg) resulted in a steady 3.9-fold increase of CYP3A biomarker, 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC), in the plasma samples collected before each RIF dose during the treatment period (i.e., predose). In contrast, the predose plasma levels of OATP1B biomarkers coproporphyrin (CP) I and CPIII did not change when compared with RIF treatment. The trough concentration, area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and half-life of RIF decreased markedly during RIF treatment, suggesting that RIF induced its own clearance. Consequently, RIF treatment increased CPI and CPIII AUCs substantially after a single administration and, to a lesser extent, after multiple administrations compared with preadministration AUCs. In addition, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 mRNA expressions were not modulated by RIF treatment (0.85–1.3-fold), whereas CYP3A8 expression was increased 3.7–5.0-fold, which correlated well with the predose levels of CP and 4βHC. Rifampin treatment showed 2.0–3.3-fold increases in P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) expression in the small intestine. Collectively, these findings indicate that monkey OATP1B and OATP1B3 are not induced by RIF, and further investigation of OATP1B induction by RIF and other nuclear receptor activators in humans is warranted. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, combined endogenous biomarker and gene expression data suggested that RIF did not induce OATP1B in cynomolgus monkeys. For the first time, the study determines transporter gene expression in the nonhuman primate liver, gut, and kidney tissues after administration of RIF for 7 days, leading to a better understanding of the induction of OATP1B and other major drug transporters. Finally, it provides evidence to strengthen the claim that coproporphyrin is a suitable endogenous probe of OATP1B activity.
Effects of Plastic Waste on the Heat-Induced Spalling Performance and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete

This paper investigates a potential application of hard-to-recycle plastic waste as polymeric addition in high strength concrete, with a focus on the potential to mitigate heat-induced concrete spalling and the consequent effects on the mechanical properties. The waste corresponds to soft and hard plastic, including household polymers vastly disposed of in landfills, although technically recyclable. Mechanical and physical properties, cracking, mass loss, and the occurrence of spalling were assessed in high strength concrete samples produced with either plastic waste or polypropylene fibers after 2-h exposure to 600 °C. The analysis was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography images. The plastic waste is composed of different polymers with a thermal degradation between 250 to 500 °C. Polypropylene (PP) fibers and plastic waste dispersed in concrete have proved to play an essential role in mitigating heat-induced concrete spalling, contributing to the release of internal pressure after the polymer melting. The different morphology of plastic waste and polypropylene fibers leads to distinct mechanisms of action. While the vapor pressure dissipation network originated by polypropylene fibers is related to the formation of continuous channels, the plastic waste seems to cause discontinuous reservoirs and fewer damages into the concrete matrix. The incorporation of plastic waste improved heat-induced concrete spalling performance. While 6 kg/m3 of plastic increased the mechanical performance after exposure to high temperature, the incorporation of 3 kg/m3 resulted in mechanical properties comparable to the reference concrete.
Differences in Utilization of Medical and Dental Services among Homeless People in South Korea

(1) Background: Homelessness contributes to both needs for care and barriers to access. This study aimed to explore the utilization of medical or dental services using Andersen’s model for a vulnerable population of homeless in South Korea. (2) Methods: The data were applied from the first national survey for homeless people in South Korea, 2016. Totally 2032 persons participated in the interview survey. This study team requested the raw data through the public portal and analyzed them. (3) Results: The participants who were homeless for more than ten years, staying in small rooming house or shelter, non-employed, earning less than 500,000 won per month, and having a medical condition showed a significantly higher chance of using Medicaid. The use of outreach programs had a significant relationship with gender, duration of homelessness, and monthly income. Among dental patients, the homeless who did not consume alcohol, stayed in a shelter, and were employed had higher chances of using dental service. (4) Conclusions: Medicaid service was strongly related to enabling factors but outreach programs with predisposing factors. Dental service showed strong relationships with the enabling domain, but the pattern was opposite: the jobless had less chance to avail it. The policymakers need to consider these domains of service utilization to provide equitable access to healthcare services.
Willingness to accept reimbursement for visits to an HIV clinic for tuberculosis preventive therapy.

1.Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA USA 2.Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda 3.Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda 4.Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda 5.University Research Company, Center for Human Services, Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (URC-DHAPP), Kampala, Uganda 6.Makerere University Joint AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda 7.Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
Currency Crises with an Endogenous Interest Rate Defence

While virtually all currency crisis models recognise that the decision to abandon a peg depends on how tenaciously policy makers defend it, this is seldom modelled explicitly. We add an interest rate defence to the global game model of Morris and Shin (American Economic Review 88, 1998). With an endogenous defence, actions of speculators may become strategic substitutes instead of the usual complements. Nevertheless, our generalised model has a unique threshold equilibrium. It provides additional insights. For instance, the threat of an interest rate defence makes speculation riskier and this may be sufficient to keep speculators out when fundamentals are still relatively strong.
The period of sexual maturation and the age at mating in Iridomyrmex humilis, an ant with intranidal mating

The process of sexual maturation was studied in the ant Iridomyrmex humilis. Spermatogenesis starts during the pupal stage and sperm is transferred to the seminal vesicles during the first four days after emergence. The testes start to degenerate early in the pupal stage and totally shrivel up during the first days after emergence. Males therefore have a fixed amount of sperm. Both males and females reach sexual maturity only 2–3 days after emergence; some of them mate as early as the first day after emergence. Overall, it appears that the length of time needed to reach sexual maturity in ants is highly correlated with the mode of colony founding. The maturation period is much longer in those species in which young queens initiate colonies without the help of workers (independent founding) than in those where young queens need the help of workers (dependent founding). This is probably associated with the fact that independent founding queens require large amounts of energy reserves in order to found colonies; these energy reserves are accumulated after emergence. In contrast, dependent founding queens do not accumulate as many energy reserves and are therefore sexually receptive at a younger age.
Post-transcriptional modification of gephyrin and glycine receptor messenger RNA in temporal lobe epilepsy

Hiermit versichere ich, Benjamin Förstera aus Berlin, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation mit dem Titel " Post-transcriptional modification of gephyrin and glycine receptor messenger RNA in temporal lobe epilepsy " selbstständig und ohne unerlaubte Hilfe angefertigt habe. Alle verwendeten Hilfsmittel und Quellen wurden angegeben. Des Weiteren erkläre ich, dass die vorliegende Dissertation in keiner anderen Fakultät oder Universität vorgelegt oder veröffentlicht wurde, mit Ausnahme der in PubMed indizierten Publikationen. Acknowledgements My thanks go to Jochen Meier for the opportunity to work on this project in his lab at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine. His advice and support were invaluable and his direct supervision highly appreciated.
A Rapid Assessment Procedure for the Enumeration of Salmonine Populations in Streams

Abstract Population enumeration is a key component of fisheries investigations for riverine salmonines. We examined the reliability of a rapid population assessment technique for stream salmonines that depends on a single episode of electrofishing rather than traditional multiple fishing, removal, or mark–recapture methods. We show that for 12 sites sampled in 1992 on Wilmot Creek, a small, coldwater tributary to Lake Ontario, the catch of salmonines from a single electrofishing episode predicted the population estimate obtained with a more time-consuming multiple-pass removal method. When we collected similar data from eight additional Lake Ontario tributary sites in 1994, the relationship was not significantly different from that obtained in 1992. We also conducted nonparametric analyses of covariance on subsets of these data and found no significant differences in the above relationship for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss versus brown trout Salmo trutta or for age-0 versus older fish, although the st.
Role of erythroascorbate and ascorbate in sclerotial differentiation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum produced erythroascorbate at levels dependent on oxidative growth conditions, developmental stage and strain differentiating capacity. The transition of S. sclerotiorum from the undifferentiated to differentiated state under high oxidative stress growth conditions, was accompanied by a shift in the ratio of reduced/oxidized erythroascorbate towards its oxidized form. At low oxidative stress, the reduced form of erythroascorbate predominated. In a non-differentiating strain of S. sclerotiorum, reduced erythroascorbate predominated over the oxidized form during growth. The reduced/oxidized erythroascorbate ratio in this strain was 5-fold higher than the corresponding ratio in the differentiating strain. The level of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) in colonies of the differentiating strain (one day before they differentiated) was 3-fold higher than that formed in colonies of the non-differentiating strain. Exogenous ascorbate exhibited its antioxidant activity in the differentiating strain by causing a dose-dependent decrease in lipid peroxidation, and proportional inhibition of sclerotial development. It is suggested that during its initial growth stages, S. sclerotiorum cannot decrease lipid peroxidation to levels found in the non-differentiating strain, and then forms sclerotia. We propose that oxidative stress triggers differentiation in sclerotium-producing filamentous phytopathogenic fungi.
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation for Detection of Suicide Bombers

We examined the use of radar to detect humans wearing a suicide bomb vest with detonation wires. In our research we used the GunnPlexer Doppler radar at 12.5 GHz to collect experiment data of humans both with wires and a vest and without wires. We collected data and broke the reflected radar signal into both horizontal and vertical polarization (HH and VV). We developed several metrics from this data that could be used in building models or algorithms to more accurately detect subjects wearing wires. We discovered additional information about the metrics and used combinations of the metrics so we could increase the detection probability. We built a Monte Carlo simulation to test our theories. To date, we have a success rate over 98% and a false positive rate of under approximately 2%. This research and the results encourage us to think that suicide bombers can be found prior to their detonation of their bombs at a safe range.
Morning and Afternoon Patterns of Fecal Cortisol Excretion among Reproductive and Non-Reproductive Male and Female Common Marmosets, Callithrix jacchus

Adult female common marmosets show diurnal variation in the pattern of fecal cortisol excretion, with low levels in the morning and higher levels in the afternoon. In this species females compete to reproduce, the subordinate ones have their fertility suppressed, and cortisol levels tend to be higher in reproductive (dominant) than in non-reproductive females. To determine if males show the same diurnal variation and the influence of reproductive condition on the pattern of fecal cortisol excretion, we collected fecal samples from 10 captive adult (5 male and 5 female) common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) living in 3 family groups in outdoor cages in the Nucleo de Primatologia, Natal, RN, Brazil. All fecal samples were collected from 05:00 a.m. to 05:00 p.m. (a light phase of approximately 12 hours), twice a week for 4 consecutive weeks for each family. We standardized as morning the period from 05:00 to 11:00 a.m. and as afternoon 11:00 a.m. to 05:00 p.m. Fecal cortisol was measured in the samples after.
Effect of Dietary Lysine on Yield Losses Occurring During Early Feed Restriction to Reduce Ascites

Abstract This study evaluated additions of dietary lysine to restore yield losses from feed restriction to reduce ascites. Feed restriction was used to limit daily feed intake of the birds to 75% of the metabolizable energy required for normal growth, based on the ad libitum intake of the birds. Grower and finisher diets contained normal lysine (NL) or high lysine (HL). Final body weight of feed-restricted birds was 96% of birds fed ad libitum, indicating that “catch-up” growth was not sufficient to equalize the body weights by 56 d of age between birds on feed restriction and those fed ad libitum. Feed-restricted birds were fatter than those birds fed ad libitum. HL reduced the deficit in the percentage pectoralis minor muscle yield compared with birds fed NL diets, whereas the percentage yield of pectoralis major muscle remained unaffected by dietary lysine. Feed restriction reduced the total ascitic mortality in the cool and control environments. It was concluded that increased lysine did not have any beneficial effect on the final body weight, percentage carcass yield, or any of the carcass characteristics, with the exception of pectoralis minor muscle yield, which was increased when birds were fed HL.
Cell wall and cell growth characteristics of giant‐celled algae

Because of their large sizes and simple shapes, giant‐celled algae have been used to study how the structural and mechanical properties of cell walls influence cell growth. Here we review known relationships between cell wall and cell growth properties that are characteristic of three representative taxa of giant‐celled algae, namely, Valonia ventricosa, internodal cells of characean algae, and Vaucheria frigida. Tip‐growing cells of the genus Vaucheria differ from cells undergoing diffuse growth in V. ventricosa and characean algae in terms of their basic architectures (non‐lamellate vs. multilamellate) and their dependence upon pH and Ca2+ for cell wall extensibility. To further understand the mechanisms controlling cell growth by cell walls, comparative analyses of cell wall structures and/or associated growth modes will be useful. The giant‐celled algae potentially serve as good models for such investigations because of their wide variety of developmental processes and cell shapes exhibited.
Minimally invasive stabilization for thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures: a comparative study with short segment open Schanz screw constructs.

Background Analysis was performed of two patient cohorts who underwent fixation without fusion for unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures: (I) minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group using combined monoaxial-polyaxial pedicle screws inserted percutaneously; (II) open surgery (OS) group using Schanz screw constructs. Our aim was to compare radiographic and clinical indices of the 'gold standard' of open Schanz screw to MIS monoaxial-polyaxial screw constructs. Methods There were 13 patients in the MIS group and 19 in the OS group. Primary outcomes were the correction of fracture angulation and percentage loss of reduction until fracture union. Patient demographics, fracture classification, perioperative data and complications were also collected. Results There was no significant difference in cohorts when comparing demographics and fracture classification. Operative time was 50 minutes less and haemoglobin drop was 9 g/L less in the MIS group. Radiation exposure was significantly higher in the MIS group. Pre-operatively, the mean kyphotic angle was 22° in the MIS and 16° in the OS group. Both groups achieved similar on-table correction. On immediate postoperative erect radiographs, the MIS group lost 15% of correction vs. 55% in the OS group. At final follow-up, both groups had a further loss of position, but significantly higher in the OS group (28% vs. 96%). Conclusions Combined polyaxial-monoaxial screw MIS constructs demonstrate favorable radiological and clinical outcomes for treatment of unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures. Our study also demonstrates higher rates of radiological collapse in the OS cohort.
Ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants in Spain

This paper compiles and evaluates the ethnobotanical data currently available on wild plants traditionally used for human consumption in Spain. Forty-six ethnobotanical and ethnographical sources from Spain were reviewed, together with some original unpublished field data from several Spanish provinces. A total of 419 plant species belonging to 67 families was recorded. A list of species, plant parts used, localization and method of consumption, and harvesting time is presented. Of the seven different food categories considered, green vegetables were the largest group, followed by plants used to prepare beverages, wild fruits, and plants used for seasoning, sweets, preservatives, and other uses. Important species according to the number of reports include: Foeniculum vulgare, Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, Origanum vulgare, Rubus ulmifolius, Silene vulgaris, Asparagus acutifolius, and Scolymus hispanicus. We studied data on the botanical families to which the plants in the different categories belonged, overlapping between groups and distribution of uses of the different species. Many wild food plants have also been used for medicinal purposes and some are considered to be poisonous. This review highlights the rich traditional knowledge on edible plants that has remained in rural Spain. Until recently, many wild plants were used as dietary supplements. However, most of this knowledge survives only in the memory of the elderly, and will probably disappear in a few decades. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 152, 27–71.