Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saccade Amplitude Statistics are Explained by Cortical Magnification

How natural and artificial vision systems learn and develop depends on how they sample information from their environment. Humans actively do so through saccadic eye movements. The statistics of saccade amplitudes have been well-characterized in tightly controlled contexts such as viewing images on a computer screen. However, the degree to which such findings generalize to real-world contexts involving moving agents and objects is currently unknown. Here, we first analyze saccade amplitude statistics of both infants and adults during naturalistic free play. We find that these differ significantly from those previously reported for head-fixed picture viewing, with a relatively smaller/greater abundance of medium/large saccades. Next, we present a computational model that explains saccade amplitude statistics based on the foveated nature of vision and the associated space-variant magnification of different portions of the visual field in primary visual cortex. Finally, we demonstrate computationally efficient approximations to this space-variant sampling using a small number of discrete resolution levels.
Early Risk Factors for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviours: A UK Population-Based Study of 219,581 People

Mental disorders are a major problem among young people. To identify early risk factors of self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITB) among young adults with mental health problems, this case–control study drew data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a primary care database covering 8% of the UK population. We explored the role of early factors (presenting at 8–14 years old) for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in young adulthood (age 18–25 years) by performing logistic regressions. Our sample consisted of 219,581 participants, of which 6.51% had at least one SITB in young adulthood. Early risk factors for SITB included early NSSI, suicidal ideation, sexual abuse, behavioural problems, and mood and psychotic symptoms. Frequency of GP visits had a protective effect. Lack of access to mortality data, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status was a limitation of the current study. In conclusion, early symptoms in late childhood/early adolescence can be the start of long-standing problems going into adult life. The training of primary care providers in suicide risk assessment and proper co-ordination with child and adolescent mental health services are crucial for suicide prevention.
Molecular Typing of Leishmania spp. Causing Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Italy, 2014–2020

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is endemic but neglected in southern Europe. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the Leishmania strains causing TL cases in northeastern Italy, where an upsurge of TL cases has been observed in the last decade. Sections from 109 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies of skin and mucosal tissues were collected from TL cases in the selected area. Two DNA targets were amplified and sequenced: the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70). An in silico analysis was also performed on 149 genomes belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex. A total of 88 out of 109 (80.7%) samples from 83 TL cases were successfully typed by ITS1 and/or hsp70. ITS1 analysis identified L. infantum in 67 cases (91.8%), while L. major (n = 4, 5.5%) and L. tropica (n = 2, 2.7%) were detected in the remaining cases that were categorized as imported. Further, the hsp70 typing of 75 autochthonous cases showed the presence of eight distinct sequence variants belonging to the Leishmania donovani complex, with high genetic variability when compared to known L. infantum populations. In conclusion, our findings show that peculiar L. infantum variants are emerging in the novel focus on TL in northeastern Italy.
Manifestation of Acrylamide induced alterations in the CA1 region of hippocampus of
mice by the leaf extract of Meetha Neem : Murraya koenigii

A global concern has been observed since the findings about acrylamide formation during high temperature cooking and its presence in infant formulas causing deleterious damage to the vital organs of the body including the major organ brain. Acrylamide is a well-known neurotoxin. It causes alterations and changes in the normal structure of hippocampus. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover herbal formulation that can combat the toxic effects of acrylamide. Hence, in the present investigation Murraya koenigii is used to establish its efficacy as a neuroprotectant against acrylamide damage.
Hybrid Event Beds Generated By Local Substrate Delamination On A Confined-Basin Floor

Abstract The outer parts of deep-water fans, and the basin plains into which they pass, are often described as areas where erosion is negligible and turbidite systems have net aggradation. Nevertheless, sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis of outer-fan-lobe and confined-basin-plain deposits in Cretaceous–Paleocene Gottero Sandstone (NW Italy) has revealed extensive but cryptic bedding-parallel substrate-delamination features at the base of many sheet-like event beds. These comprise a variety of shallow but wide scour structures showing evidence of lateral expansion by sand injection. The scours commonly occur at the base of beds made up of a basal clean sandstone overlain by argillaceous sandstone containing abundant mudstone clasts and locally large substrate rafts (up to 20 meters long). These strata are interpreted as a type of hybrid event bed. Field observations suggest that mud-clast entrainment occurred by delamination at the base of dense sandy flows. The large rafts, in some cases only partly detached, were incorporated in the flows locally and then carried for short distances (hundreds of meters to a few kilometers) before partly disaggregating and undergoing deformation due to internal shearing. The development of such features may be common in flat and/or confined basin settings where high-volume flows interact with a cohesive and well layered substrate (e.g., muddy outer fans or confined or ponded basins with thick mudstone caps). Delamination is therefore suggested as an alternative mechanism leading to the formation of hybrid event beds following local substrate entrainment on the basin floor as opposed to on more remote slopes and at channel–lobe transition zones.
Secure Line-of-Sight Communications: Optimal Antenna Selection and Beamforming Design

The joint antenna selection and secure beamforming optimization problem is considered for a multi-antenna line-of-sight (LOS) wiretap channel. By utilizing the mathematical property of the optimal secure beamformer and physical property of the LOS channel, a branch-and-bound (BAB)-based method is proposed to achieve the optimal secrecy performance with a reduced time complexity than the brute-force search. To further improve the security-complexity trade-off, a greedy-based method is developed to achieve a close to optimal secrecy performance while involving much lower complexity than the BAB-based method. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods compared to baseline schemes.
Foodborne Diseases: A Study before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

Foodborne Diseases (FBDs) are a worldwide problem and occur after contaminated food has been ingested, signaling a lack of food quality. Even though the SARS-CoV-2 virus is not transmitted through food, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused several challenges worldwide that have had direct implications on food production and handling, stimulating and reinforcing the adoption of good manufacturing and food handling practices. The aim of this study was to analyze data on notifications of FBD in Brazil in the years before (2018 and 2019) and during (2020 and 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary data from the National System of Notifiable Diseases was analyzed, evaluating: overall incidence rate, lethality and mortality, contamination sites, and criteria for confirming the etiological agent. There were 2206 records of FBDs, and the mortality rate was 0.5% in both periods. The incidence rate before the pandemic was 6.48 and during the pandemic was 3.92, while the mortality coefficient was 0.033 before and 0.019 during the pandemic, both per 100,000 inhabitants. There was no significant difference in the number of FBD notifications in the evaluated periods. There was a migration of the location of FBD, with a significant increase in FBD notifications in hospitals and health units and a reduction in notifications from social events. There was a significant increase in the type of criteria used to confirm outbreaks, with an increase in clinical laboratory tests and clinical reports for bromatology. The increase in notifications in hospitals and health units demonstrates the necessity of improving food safety knowledge and the attitudes and practices of food handlers and healthcare professionals.
Understanding Coastal Tourists' Behavioral Intentions toward Nature-based Experiences

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Tourism Insights by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact scholarworks@gvsu.edu. Recommended Citation Jackowitz, Lauren; Latkova, Pavlina; Tierney, Patrick; and Strebel, Judi (2016) "Understanding Coastal Tourists' Behavioral Intentions toward Nature-based Experiences," Journal of Tourism Insights: Vol. 7: Iss. 1, Article 6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.9707/2328-0824.1063
Radiation And Cloud Processes In The Atmosphere Theory Observation And Modeling

Thank you for reading radiation and cloud processes in the atmosphere theory observation and modeling. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this radiation and cloud processes in the atmosphere theory observation and modeling, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.
Biotechnological Potential and Safety Evaluation of Dextran- and Riboflavin-Producing Weisella cibaria Strains for Gluten-Free Baking

Gluten consumption causes several immunological and non-immunological intolerances in susceptible individuals. In this study, the dextran-producing Weissella cibaria BAL3C-5 and its derivative, the riboflavin-overproducing strain BAL3C-5 C120T, together with a commercial bakery yeast, were used to ferment gluten-free (GF)-doughs obtained from corn and rice flours at two different concentrations and supplemented with either quinoa, buckwheat, or chickpea to obtain laboratory-scale GF bread. The levels of dextran, riboflavin, and total flavins were determined in the fermented and breads. Both strains grew in fermented doughs and contributed dextran, especially to those made with corn plus quinoa (~1 g/100 g). The highest riboflavin (350–150 µg/100 g) and total flavin (2.3–1.75 mg/100 g) levels were observed with BAL3C-5 C120T, though some differences were detected between the various doughs or breads, suggesting an impact of the type of flour used. The safety assessment confirmed the lack of pathogenic factors in the bacterial strains, such as hemolysin and gelatinase activity, as well as the genetic determinants for biogenic amine production. Some intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, including vancomycin and kanamycin, was found. These results indicated the microbiological safety of both W. cibaria strains and indicated their potential application in baking to produce GF bread.
Influence of Epilobium parviflorum Herbal Extract on Physicochemical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Films

In this study, for the first time, Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. (E, hoary willowherb) aqueous extract was introduced into edible biopolymer films and its influence on physicochemical properties of the final products were investigated. Potato starch was gelatinized in the herbal tea to obtain thermoplastic starch (TPS) films via the casting method. The characterization of the films included mechanical, antioxidative, water (WVTR, contact angle, swelling degree) and UV radiation barrier properties as well as microstructure analysis (SEM). Obtained results indicated that the presence of the extract (rich in phenolic compounds) in the films acted as a co-plasticizer for starch and led to a higher elongation at break, up to 70%, with a parallel increase in tensile strength up to ca. 9 MPa. Moreover, TPS films with E exhibited lower WVTR values and absorption of UV light in comparison with the control TPS film. DPPH scavenging activity of TPS E films immersed in methanol was ca. 92%, and it was related to the release of the extract into liquid media. Novel TPS E films are characterized by multifunctional properties that can be used, e.g., in the active packaging sector.
Improved Sliding Mode Control Based on Perturb & Observe for Maximum Power Point Tracking from PV System

This paper gives a comparison between the maximum power point control algorithms of the Photovoltaic system (PVs) with Perturb & Observe (P&O), Sliding mode control (SMC) and Sliding mode control improved (SMC improved). Since the nonlinear nature of Voltage-Current characteristics is highly dependent on temperature and solar irradiance, therefore, the authors will consider their changes based on possible cases in practice, then compare and choose the best method for PV s. Currently, the authors can use many different methods to improve the most optimal conditions for PVs. Especially, it can be mentioned that the method of changing the surface of the SMC improve algorithm based on P&O algorithm for boost converter, the authors will see high efficiency, high maximum point power, stability, accuracy with fast convergence rate although the weather changes equally according to specific environmental conditions through simulation on the MATLAB SIMULINK.
QMCube - A Tactile Cube to Explore Hand Interaction Forces in Human Manipulation

Humans manipulate objects by using sophisticated patterns of finger coordination that are not yet fully documented or understood; objects instrumented with force and tactile sensors have been used in the literature to study the interaction forces applied by the hands, but typically cannot detect both the location and the applied force of each finger contact. Access to such information may reveal specific behaviors that have been so far overlooked, and contribute to fully characterizing them. In this paper, we present QMCube: an instrumented cube covered with an unprecedented total of 96 3-axis force sensors (16 for each face, in a 4x4 arrangement). With a modular and compact design, QMCube contains several interchangeable parts that permit modifying the overall weight of the device to test different human manipulation strategies. We report characterization experiments that show that QMCube correctly measures both normal and shear forces on multiple contact locations on its surface, and allows to estimate the contribution of individual fingers during manipulation tasks, such as object picking under different weight conditions. We envisage QMCube to be used in several possible applications, including human studies (e.g. object manipulation and handover), monitoring (e.g. grip strength decay), robot benchmarking (e.g. grasping and manipulation), and human-robot interaction.
The Need for a Standard for Satellite Drag Computation to Improve Consistency Betweeen Thermosphere Density Models and Data Sets

During the past decade, an unprecedented wealth of data on neutral density in the thermosphere has become available, through new processing techniques on existing data, and via the accelerometer-carrying satellites CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. These data sets will continue to expand, for instance with ESA’s new Swarm mission. In addition, significant advances have been made in recent years in thermosphere neutral density modelling, with new empirical models (Jacchia-Bowman 2008, DTM2012), and work on model calibration and data assimilation (HASDM, ATMOP). These advances have brought to the foreground a long-standing problem in this research field and its applications: the inconsistent computation of drag coefficients and ballistic coefficients. Many analysts have used fixed values for the drag coefficient in the past. These values were sometimes based on simplified theory, such as Jacchia’s choice for CD=2.2. In other cases, drag coefficients were estimated on a perobject basis from tracking observations, making use of a thermosphere model. This leads to drag results that are more or less consistent with the scale determined by that density model, but that can not readily be compared with other models and data sets. In reality, there are dependencies on the orientation and atmospheric temperature and composition, which vary with satellite shape. This issue of inconsistent drag-derived neutral density data sets and models has become all the more relevant now that a long-term downward trend in thermospheric density has been identified, which has a large impact on the long-term evolution of the space debris population and on future mission planning. In order to remedy this situation, a new standard for satellite drag computation will be proposed. The standard will be based on physical theory, validated by measurements. If adopted by the thermosphere density modelling, data processing and user communities, such a standard should lead to a heightened accuracy of drag-related computations, such as orbital lifetime estimates and conjunction analysis.
Estimating regional losses of soil water due to the conversion of agricultural land to forest in China's Loess Plateau

Afforestation on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) has been extensively implemented by the central government over the past decades to control soil erosion. The conversion of agricultural land to forest, however, has led to decreases in soil‐water storage (SWS), which may in turn limit tree growth and threaten the health of ecosystems in the region. This study estimated the regional patterns of losses of soil water (ΔSWS) following conversions across the CLP. Soil‐water content at 0–5.0 m was measured in 169 forests on the plateau, and the initial preafforestation SWS at each sample site was then estimated using stepwise regression. The mean ΔSWS in the 1.0‐ to 5.0‐m profile across the study area was 203.7 mm, with an estimated annual average ΔSWS rate of 16.2 mm/year. ΔSWS and its main contributing factors varied amongst 3 rainfall zones. ΔSWS generally increased with mean annual precipitation (MAP). ΔSWS depended primarily on tree age in the >550 mm MAP zone and on slope gradient and initial SWS in the <450 mm MAP zone. This result suggested that the vegetation might be more important than soil or topographic properties for estimating ΔSWS following the conversion of farmland in the wettest area of the CLP. Our study also suggests that MAP, tree age, slope gradient, and initial SWS have important effects on ΔSWS, which vary with rainfall. Understanding the regional hydrological effects of afforestation is necessary for the efficient management of soil‐water resources on the CLP and in other water‐limited regions.
A Postpartum Breast Cancer Diagnosis Reduces Survival in Germline BRCA pathogenic variant Carriers

IMPORTANCE: In young-onset breast cancer, a diagnosis within 5-10 years of childbirth associates with increased mortality. Women with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer at younger ages, but the impact of childbirth on mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Determine whether time between recent childbirth and breast cancer diagnosis impacts mortality among young-onset breast cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 PVs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study includes 903 women with germline BRCA1/2 PVs diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer at [≤]45 years of age, between 1950-2021 in the UK. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome is all-cause mortality, censored at 20 years post-diagnosis. The primary exposure is time between most recent childbirth and breast cancer diagnosis, with recent childbirth defined as >0-<10 years post childbirth (n=419)], further delineated to >0-<5 years (n=228) and 5-<10 years (n=191). Mortality of nulliparous cases (n=224) was compared to the recent postpartum groups and the [≥]10 years postpartum (n=260) group. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were adjusted for patient age, tumor stage, further stratified by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) and BRCA gene status. RESULTS: For all BRCA PV carriers, increased all-cause mortality was observed in women diagnosed >0-<10 years postpartum, compared to nulliparous and [≥]10 years groups, demonstrating the transient duration of postpartum risk. Risk of mortality was greater for ER-positive cases in the >0-<5 group [HR=2.35 (95% CI, 1.02-5.42)] and ER-negative cases in the 5-<10 group [HR=3.12 (95% CI, 1.22-7.97)] compared to the nulliparous group. Delineated by BRCA1 or BRCA2, mortality in the 5-<10 group was significantly increased, but only for BRCA1 carriers [HR=2.03 (95% CI, 1.15-3.58)]. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Young-onset breast cancer with germline BRCA PVs confers increased risk for all-cause mortality if diagnosed within 10 years of childbirth, with risk highest for ER+ cases at >0-<5 years postpartum, and for ER- cases at 5-<10 years postpartum. BRCA1 carriers are at highest risk for poor prognosis when diagnosed at 5-10 years postpartum. No such associations were observed for BRCA2 carriers. These results should inform genetic counseling, prevention, and treatment strategies for BRCA PV carriers.
Development of computer-aided learning with hands-on activities kits on topic of gears for a flipped robotics camp

Teaching science content on topics that are not included in the Ministry of Education curriculum poses a challenge for school teachers. Teaching and learning must be organized as a form of camp during the weekends. Besides, teachers also must be prepared and designed an extra lesson plan for the camp, which is consisted of important parts such as pieces of knowledge, including introduced learning materials related to the activities as well as any other activities that may occur at the camp. To address the limited learning time during these weekend camps, a 360-degree virtual tour combined with a set of hands-on activity kits thus is introduced. This is designed to develop the essential knowledge and skills related to gear for students before attending the camp. In the 360-degree virtual tour, the virtual camp will be simulated. The various situations and equipment related to the gears will be introduced. The students will be able to learn and develop their prerequisite knowledge and skills by using various tools kits through a computer and the provided kits, which they are able to learn on their own at home as much as they are needed before attending the camp. In this paper, we aim to (i) introduce a development of a 360-degree virtual tour on the topic of gears for a flipped robotics camp and (ii) examine the efficiency of the developed 360-degree virtual tour. Three content experts and technical media experts are enrolled in this study. The results of the 360-degree virtual tour quality examination here are presented in both quantitative and qualitative forms.