Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proportion of Maternal Near-Miss and Its Determinants among Northwest Ethiopian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Life-threatening situations might arise unexpectedly during pregnancy. Maternal near-miss can be a proxy for maternal death and explained as women who nearly died due to obstetric-related complications. It is recognized as the predictor of level of care and maternal death. Maternal near-miss evaluates life-threatening pregnancy-related complications, and it directs the assessment of the quality of obstetric care. Objective To determine the proportion and factors associated with maternal near-miss at maternity wards at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. Methods A cross-sectional study design was carried out from March 1 to June 20, 2019, using WHO criteria for maternal near-miss at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital. The data are from the interviews and review of 303 systematically selected participants' medical files at maternity wards. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze factors associated with maternal near-miss, including estimation of crude and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals and p value less than 0.05 through SPSS version 20. Result The study revealed that the proportion of maternal near-miss was found to be 15.8% (95%CI = 11.9%-20.1%). In the adjusted analyses, maternal near-miss was significantly associated with low (≤1000 ETB) monthly income (AOR = 399; 95%CI = 1.65, 9.65), seven or more days of hospital stay (AOR = 5.43; 95%CI = 2.49, 11.83), vaginal bleeding (AOR = 2.75, 95%CI = 1.17, 6.47), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 5.13; 95%CI = 2.08, 12.6). Conclusion and Recommendation. The near-miss proportion was comparable to that in the region. Associated factors were low monthly income, seven or more days of hospital stay, vaginal bleeding, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thus, giving attention on early identification and treatment of these potential factors can be the opportunity in the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality.
Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit of Cervical Cancer Screening with Liquid Based Cytology Compared with Conventional Cytology in Germany

Objective To assess the health economic impact of cervical screening with liquid based cytology (LBC) compared with conventional cytology (CC) in Germany. Methods An economic model was constructed depicting the management of a hypothetical cohort of women aged ≥20 years who undergo cervical screening in Germany. The model estimated the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of LBC compared with CC at 2017/18 prices over a time-horizon of 70 years. Results Performing cervical screens with LBC instead of CC is expected to increase the probability of detecting a true positive over a subject’s lifetime by 73% (0.038 versus 0.022) and of diagnosing a subject with stage 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) (0.019 versus 0.011). Women screened with LBC instead of CC are expected to have a 57% reduction in the probability of having undetected CIN3 (0.006 versus 0.014) and to experience a 44% reduction in the probability of transitioning into disease progression (from 0.018 to 0.010). The mean discounted lifetime cost of healthcare resource use associated with performing cervical screens with LBC and CC was estimated at €4852 and €7523 per subject respectively. For every Euro invested in cervical screening with LBC instead of CC, the German healthcare system could potentially save ~€170 over a subject’s lifetime. Conclusion Within the study’s limitations, the analysis showed that LBC affords a cost-effective cervical screening test compared with CC in Germany, since it improves detection rates and has the potential to lead to a reduction in disease progression for less cost.
Evaluation of Multifaceted Assessment of the Fifth-Year Medical Students in Family Medicine Clerkship, Saudi Arabia Experience

Background There are few data on assessment methods in the field of family medicine in Arab countries. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) in 2017 established the family medicine clerkship rotation for the fifth-year medical students. The objective of the study is to evaluate the multifaceted assessment of family medicine clerkship and their correlation to each other among fifth-year medical students in IAU. Methods We examined the performance of 455 fifth-year medical students from two batches (2018 and 2019) in the continuous course assessment, Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE), extended matching questions (EMQ), and multiple-choice questions exams (MCQ). Results The students’ total mark range was 55.16 to 95.64. Batch 2018 and females had significantly higher marks (p=0.000). On the other hand, no significant associations were seen between the total marks and the semester in which the clerkship was taken or the order of group in each semester (p= 0.464 and 0.980 respectively). Significant positive correlations were seen between all forms of assessment during the family medicine clerkship (p=0.000). Conclusion This study demonstrates that different assessment methods used to evaluate medical students during the family medicine clerkship were correlated. The performances of the female and the first batch were superior. This finding is the basis for introducing a platform for developing modern learning and the improvement of the assessment standards in family medicine clerkship rotation.
Maternal Cotinine Levels and Red Blood Cell Folate Concentrations in the Periconceptual Period

The study demonstrates an association between objective measures of maternal cotinine levels and folate during the periconceptional period. Given the role of folic acid in fetal development, the identification of a modifiable risk factor associated with low folate concentrations, such as smoking, may offer opportunities to prevent adverse fetal outcomes. Higher-strength folic acid supplementation in smokers may be beneficial in improving maternal red blood cell folate and preventing adverse birth outcomes linked to tobacco exposure. Objectives Studies have examined the association between tobacco use and folate levels in pregnancy, yet few have assessed this relation using objective and accurate measures of both smoking and folate. In this study, we evaluated the association between maternal cotinine levels and periconceptional red blood cell (RBC) folic acid reserves in a cohort of low-income pregnant mothers. Methods Smoking information, based on salivary cotinine, a highly sensitive and specific tobacco smoke exposure biomarker, was used. Furthermore, folate was assessed using RBC folate, an indicator of long-term folate storage. Participants were early to mid-trimester pregnant women who received antenatal care between 2011 and 2015 at the Genesis Clinic of Tampa (Florida). A total of 496 women were enrolled in the study. Associations between smoking status/maternal salivary cotinine concentrations, sociodemographic factors, and folate concentrations were investigated using Tobit regression analyses. Results The mean folate level of the participants was 718.3 ± 183.2 ng/mL, and only 2 (0.4%) participants were deficient in folate. We observed no significant difference in folate levels by smoking status. In contrast, salivary cotinine levels were significantly associated with decreased RBC folate concentrations (β −11.43, standard error 5.45, P = 0.032). Prepregnancy maternal body mass index, gestational age, stress, and depression also were associated with folate levels. Conclusions Low RBC folate is associated with perinatal factors, including high maternal cotinine levels, body mass index, stress, and depression. The effect of low folate levels among smokers cannot be overemphasized, considering that tobacco products not only reduce folate levels but also decrease the bioutilization of folate.
Permeability Prediction of Porous Media using Convolutional Neural Networks with Physical Properties

Permeability prediction of porous media system is very important in many engineering and science domains including earth materials, bio-, solid-materials, and energy applications. In this work we evaluated how machine learning can be used to predict the permeability of porous media with physical properties. An emerging challenge for machine learning/deep learning in engineering and scientific research is the ability to incorporate physics into machine learning process. We used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to train a set of image data of bead packing and additional physical properties such as porosity and surface area of porous media are used as training data either by feeding them to the fully connected network directly or through the multilayer perception network. Our results clearly show that the optimal neural network architecture and implementation of physics-informed constraints are important to properly improve the model prediction of permeability. A comprehensive analysis of hyperparameters with different CNN architectures and the data implementation scheme of the physical properties need to be performed to optimize our learning system for various porous media system.
Altered long- and short-range functional connectivity in patients with long-term unilateral hearing loss

Functionally cross-modal reorganization in the sensory cortex and changes in cognitive processing areas of the brain have been described in patients with bilateral hearing impairments. However, it remains unclear whether long-term unilateral hearing loss (UHL) would similarly influence the higher-order functional networks in addition to the primary sensory networks. In this study, we collected restingstate fMRI data in 21 right-sided UHL patients caused by acoustic neuromas and 21 healthy controls. Whole-brain functional networks were constructed by measuring the temporal correlations of every pairs of brain voxels. We further computed wholerange, short-range and long-range normalized functional connectivity strength (nFCS) for each voxel in the brain. Nonparametric permutation tests were used to detect between-group differences in these nFCS metrics and to further systematically investigate the relationship between these differences and clinical variables in UHL patients. Compared to healthy controls, the UHL patients showed an increased nFCS mainly in anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and these changes resulted from both short-range and long-range nFCS. The UHL patients also showed decreased whole-range nFCS in visual cortex, resulting from short-range functional changes. Additionally, the UHL patients showed decreased long-range nFCS in the orbital frontal cortex. Together, we observed significantly altered nFCS mainly involving in the default-mode, ventral attention, limbic and visual networks. Our study provides empirical evidence for distance-dependent alteration of functional connectivity in long-term UHL, which may implicate the functionally cross-modal reorganization of the brain involving in primary sensory and higher-order functional networks in long-term UHL.
Bacterial and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns in Patient with Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital

Background : Pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) should become attention due to high prevalence, severe complication, and high cost treatment. Bacterial pattern and its susceptibility are different in every region.The objective of this study was to discover pattern of bacteria causing UTI and their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods : This study was an observational descriptive study. The data was obtained from medical records and susceptibility testing results of pediatric UTI in Department of Child Health at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in period of 2014. Data taken was presented in table. Results : There were 26 cultures which had microbiological findings among 79 cultures taken from 106 patients with UTI. The majority of findings were Escherichia coli (10 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 cases), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 cases). Antibiotic classes with high susceptibility level were aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, and fluoroquinolone. Resistance level were higher in cephalosporin class than others. Conclusions : Most common bacterial found are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Klebsiellapneumoniae . The result of susceptibility testing for cultures shows variance of susceptibility pattern to antibiotics in pediatric patients with UTI at Department of Child Health Dr. HasanSadikin General Hospital. [AMJ.2017;4(1):52–7] DOI : 10.15850/amj.v4n1. 1021
A Descriptive Study of a Perioperative Pain Service Program

Abstract : Postoperative pain remains one of the most common and difficult problems encountered in clinical practice. Pain can affect numerous physiological processes and prolong surgical recovery. This descriptive study was conducted to determine if relationships exist between type of surgery, pain relief and occurrence of side effects. A retrospective chart audit of 133 surgical patients who received coaxial narcotics for pain management was conducted. The sample was obtained from a 155 bed hospital. A description of patients age, gender, type of surgery, type of narcotic infusion, side effects, incidence of breakthrough pain, and treatments were recorded and cross tabulated. The following three surgical categories emerged; abdominal, thoracotomy, and orthopedic. Breakthrough pain was reported in 76(58.9%) cases, of these fifty seven (75%) had abdominal surgery,17 (22.4%) had thoracic surgery, and 2 (40%) had orthopedic surgery. By surgical category breakthrough pain occurred in 57 of 106 (54.8%) abdominal cases, 17 of 22 (81%) of thoracotomies, and 2 of 5 (40%) of orthopedic cases. Side effects included 6(4.7%) respiratory depression (n=6). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was comparable within abdominal and thoracotomy cases, 34.9% and 31.8% respectively. Pruritis occurred in 18 (17.6%) of abdominal cases and 5 (22.7%) of thoracotomies. Inconsistencies in documentation and noncompliance with written guidelines for patient monitoring was found. Recommendations included further education for nurses in proper and timely documentation and creation of a pain management service team.
International Register of Academic Book Publishers (IRAP): overview, current state and future challenges

In this contribution, the authors present the background, main underlying concept, data sources, current state and technical and scientific challenges of the International Register of Book Publishers (IRAP) project. This project aims at the creation of a register of scholarly book publishers collecting, normalizing and aggregating different data sources used for evaluation at the national or supra-national level, both for basic research on scholarly books as publication channel and for the provision of aggregated information to all stakeholders involved with scholarly publishing.
Ocular morbidity among school children in Uttarakhand: Himalayan state of India

Background: This study may be a foundation pillar for future planning of school eye screening programs in Uttarakhand: Himalayan State of India as there is very little, if any, data is available till now. Aims: This study was done to know the prevalence and pattern of various causes of ocular morbidity among school children in Uttarakhand, India. Settings and design: A cross sectional multistage randomized study was done on school children between 5 -16 years of age in Doiwala block of Dehradun-capital of Uttarakhand, India. Material and Methods: School children were taken up for ophthalmological examination. Any child with subnormal vision or abnormal ocular finding was further evaluated in a tertiary care hospital. Statistical Analysis: Results were expressed in percentage and ratio. Chi-square test (with Yates correction whenever needed) was used for analysis of data. Ninety five percent CI was also calculated. The data with p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 5918 children, the prevalence of ocular morbidity was 4.92% (291 children). The most common causes of ocular morbidity were refractive error in 164 (2.77%) children, convergence weakness in 32 (0.54%), strabismus in 24 (0.40%) and conjunctivitis in 23 (0.38%) children. Ocular morbidity was more in children of age group 5 – 10 years in comparison to age group 11-16 years(P = 0.002). Conclusions: Refractive error was the commonest cause of ocular morbidity affecting school going children in Uttarakhand, India. The prevalence of ocular morbidity decreased with increasing age of child.
Emergency contraception practice and its related factors in a sample of Malaysian women.

Emergency Contraception (EC) is a back-up method of contraceptive emergencies, which women can use within the first few days after unprotected intercourse to prevent an unintended pregnancy. In Malaysia, the use of modern contraceptive method is low whereby only 30% of married women used it. Studies have shown unwanted pregnancies among women are increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the usage rate of EC and its related factors among married female staff in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). A cross sectional study was conducted with using stratified random sampling from 15 faculties in UPM. The mean age of respondents was 35.8 Â± 9 years old. Mistimed pregnancy and unwanted pregnancy were reported by 35% and 13.6% of respondents respectively. The usage rate of EC was 11.2%. There was significant association between EC practice and type of abortion, advance prescription, EC counseling, practice regular contraception. Logistic regression for predictor variables showed positive attitude (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.03-1.67) and counseling with health care providers (OR=0.09, 95% CI=0.009- 0.862) contributed significantly toward EC practice. Overall the usage rate of EC was low. Lack of knowledge of EC and fear of side effects were the most frequently reason for not using of EC. The present findings emphasize the importance positive attitude and counseling with health care providers in determining use of EC. Consideration should be taken when designed for educational activity programs or interventions.
The craft of software testing - subsystem testing including object-based and object-oriented testing

1. Should You Read This Book? 2. An Overview of Subsystem Testing. I. THE BASIC TECHNIQUE. 3. The Specification. 4. Introduction to the SREADHEX Example. 5. Building the Test Requirement Checklist. 6. Test Specifications. 7. Test Drivers and Suite Drivers. 8. Inspecting the Code with the Question Catalog. 9. Using Coverage to Test the Test Suite. 10. Cleaning Up. 11. Miscellaneous Tips. II. ADOPTING SUBSYTEM TESTING. 12. Getting Going. 13. Getting Good. III. SUBSYSTEM TESTING IN PRACTICE. 14. Using More Typical Specifications (Including None at All). 15. Working with Large Subsystems. 16. Testing Bug Fixes and Other Maintenance Changes. 17. Testing Under Schedule Pressure. IV. EXAMPLES AND EXTENSIONS. 18. Syntax Testing. 19. A Second Complete Example: MAX. 20. Testing Persistent State. V. MULTIPLYING TEST REQUIREMENTS. 21. Simpler Test Requirement Multiplication. 22. Multiplying Operation Test Requirements. APPENDICES. A. Test Requirement Catalog (Student Version). B. Test Requirement Catalog (Standard Version). C. POSIX-Specific Test Requirement Catalog (Sample). D. A Question Catalog for Code Inspections. E. Requirements for Complex Booleans Catalog. F. Checklists for Test Writing. Glossary. Bibliography.
Teaching with games: the Minesweeper and Asteroids experience

The value of games as a vehicle for teaching concepts while inspiring students is now well accepted at almost all levels of education. Video games, arcade and computer games are rarely given the same kind of attention. This paper will describe the value of computer games as a motivator and some of the benefits that can be realized by using known computer games as programming applications, even in the first year of a CS program. The use of two such games as assignments in CS1 and CS2 is outlined and some feedback on the experience is offered.
Multi-Component Antioxidative System and Robust Carbohydrate Status, the Essence of Plant Arsenic Tolerance

Arsenic (As) contaminates the food chain and decreases agricultural production through impairing plants, particularly due to oxidative stress. To better understand the As tolerance mechanisms, two contrasting tobacco genotypes: As-sensitive Nicotiana sylvestris and As-tolerant N.tabacum, cv. ‘Wisconsin’ were analyzed. The most meaningful differences were found in the carbohydrate status, neglected so far in the As context. In the tolerant genotype, contrary to the sensitive one, net photosynthesis rates and saccharide levels were unaffected by As exposure. Importantly, the total antioxidant capacity was far stronger in the As-tolerant genotype, based on higher antioxidants levels (e.g., phenolics, ascorbate, glutathione) and activities and/or appropriate localizations of antioxidative enzymes, manifested as reverse root/shoot activities in the selected genotypes. Accordingly, malondialdehyde levels, a lipid peroxidation marker, increased only in sensitive tobacco, indicating efficient membrane protection in As-tolerant species. We bring new evidence of the orchestrated action of a broad spectrum of both antioxidant enzymes and molecules essential for As stress coping. For the first time, we propose robust carbohydrate metabolism based on undisturbed photosynthesis to be crucial not only for subsidizing C and energy for defense but also for participating in direct reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching. The collected data and suggestions can serve as a basis for the selection of plant As phytoremediators or for targeted breeding of tolerant crops.
The Impact of Maternal Obesity on Human Milk Macronutrient Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maternal obesity has been associated with changes in the macronutrient concentration of human milk (HM), which have the potential to promote weight gain and increase the long-term risk of obesity in the infant. This article aimed to provide a synthesis of studies evaluating the effects of maternal overweight and obesity on the concentrations of macronutrients in HM. EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant articles. Two authors conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. A total of 31 studies (5078 lactating women) were included in the qualitative synthesis and nine studies (872 lactating women) in the quantitative synthesis. Overall, maternal body mass index (BMI) and adiposity measurements were associated with higher HM fat and lactose concentrations at different stages of lactation, whereas protein concentration in HM did not appear to differ between overweight and/or obese and normal weight women. However, given the considerable variability in the results between studies and low quality of many of the included studies, further research is needed to establish the impact of maternal overweight and obesity on HM composition. This is particularly relevant considering potential implications of higher HM fat concentration on both growth and fat deposition during the first few months of infancy and long-term risk of obesity.