Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medical Management of Cellulitis

Cellulitis: An acute spreading bacterial infection affecting the dermis and subcutaneous layer characterized by local findings of tenderness, erythema, increased warmth, swelling, and regional lymphadenopathy. Cellulitis can occur in any part of the body especially in legs and face. The bacteria most commonly involved are streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. When left untreated it affects the lymphatic vessels and reaches the circulation causing serious conditions. The borders of the area of redness are generally not sharp and the skin may be swollen. Lymphatic vessels may occasionally be involved. This review deals about the infection spread, symptoms, investigations and treatment in cellulitis.
Effect of Clinical Pathway on Length of Stay and Hospital Cost: A Systematic Review

Bacground: Clinical pathway, also known as care pathway, integrated care pathway, critical pathway, or care map, is the standardization of medical and surgical care process. It can be used to assure the quality of health service, to reduce risk, to control cost, and to increase efficiency of resources use. However, not all cases need clinical pathway. This study aimed to review systematically the effect of clinical pathway on length of stay and hospital cost. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching published articles from 2010 to 2019 from databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, and Cochrane. The inclusion criteria were articles published over the last 10 years, randomization, experiment, cohort, English, full text, and open access. Results: After screening based on inclusion criteria, 13 articles were included in this review. All of the studies investigated inpatient cases, with 10 out of 13 studies performed surgical cases, including of total hip arthroplasty, sphenopalatine artery ligation, pediatric appendictomy, total knee arthroplasty, endocrine operations, hepatic surgery, surgery for uterine fibroids, radical cystectomy, open pulmonary lobectomy and bilobectomy, non-surgical cases of asthma, and neonatal jaundice. All studies measured hospital length of stay. Nine studies looked at the effect on costs. Other effects include resource efficiency, surgical waiting time, complication, and readmission. Conclusion: Clinical Pathway has a positive effect in the reduction of hospital length of stay and costs. It can be carried out for surgical and non-surgical cases with monitoring and evaluation during implementation.
A Challenged Sympathetic System Is Associated with Retinal Vascular Calibre in a Black Male Cohort: The SABPA Study

Sympathetic system hyperactivity and depression are related to cardiac remodelling in Black men. We investigated whether sympathetic system hyperactivity and depressive symptoms are related to retinal vascular dysregulation. A total of 76 Black and 83 White men (23–68 years of age) from the SABPA study were included. Depressive symptoms, 24h pulse pressure (PP), fasting blood and 24-hour urinary catecholamine data were obtained. Retinal vascular calibre was quantified from digital photographs using standardized protocols. Black men demonstrated increased (p < 0.05) hyperpulsatile pressure (PP > 50 mmHg), hypertension (78.9 % vs 48.4%) and depression (34.2% vs. 13.3%) prevalence compared to White men. Despite lower epinephrine levels, epinephrine was associated with arteriolar narrowing and venular widening in the Black men [Adj R2 −0.37 (95% CI: −0.66, −0.09), p=0.013; Adj R2 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.57), p=0.003]. This might suggest ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity to epinephrine, which was accompanied by hyperpulsatile blood pressure in the Black group. In the White group, depressive symptoms and norepinephrine were associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing. A profile of ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity, indicative of a chronically challenged sympathetic system, was associated with retinal vascular remodelling in Black men. ß-adrenergic hyporesponsivity as a result of chronic stress emphasized central control of the brain on the circulatory system irrespective of the vascular bed.
Fixed point theorems on orthogonal metric spaces via altering distance functions

In 1984, Khan et al. [3] established some fixed point theorems in complete and compact metric spaces by using altering distance functions. In 2017, Gordji et al. [2] described the notion of orthogonal set and orthogonal metric spaces. In their work, they held a generalization of Banach fixed point theorem in this interestingly-defined construction and in addition, applied their acquired results to demonstrate the existence of a solution of an ordinary differential equation. In this paper, some fixed point theorems on orthogonal metric spaces via altering distance functions inspired by [3] and [2] are presented.In 1984, Khan et al. [3] established some fixed point theorems in complete and compact metric spaces by using altering distance functions. In 2017, Gordji et al. [2] described the notion of orthogonal set and orthogonal metric spaces. In their work, they held a generalization of Banach fixed point theorem in this interestingly-defined construction and in addition, applied their acquired results to demonstrate the existence of a solution of an ordinary differential equation. In this paper, some fixed point theorems on orthogonal metric spaces via altering distance functions inspired by [3] and [2] are presented.
Ionospheric Sounding and Tomography Using Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Other Signals of Opportunity

Numerical modeling has demonstrated that Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals can be used not only to estimate vertical total electron content (TEC) to supplement current TEC maps and data assimilation models but also to reconstruct two‐dimensional (2‐D) electron density maps of the ionosphere using computerized tomography. A ray tracing model was used to determine the characteristics of individual linearly polarized waves transmitted by ships to satellites in circular orbits at 780‐ and 1,000‐km altitude, including the wave path and the state of polarization at the satellite receiver. The modeled Faraday rotation was computed and used to calculate the TEC along the ray paths. The resulting TEC was used as input for computerized ionospheric tomography using the algebraic reconstruction technique. This study concentrated on reconstructing mesoscale structures 25–100 km in horizontal extent. The primary scientific interest of this study was to show that AIS signals can be used as a new source of input data for computerized ionospheric tomography to image the ionosphere and to obtain a better understanding of magneto‐ionic wave propagation.
Quality of Potable Water Available to the Residents of Anambra State, Nigeria

Public pipe-borne water system had collapsed in Anambra state of Nigeria, for over fifteen years, challenging the residents of the state to resort to alternative sources of potable water, notably, boreholes. It is imperative to continuously assess the quality of the water. In this work, two boreholes each in nineteen communities, one from Aguluzigbo, in three local government areas (Anaocha, Awka-North, Awka-South) in the state were sampled, and tested for pH, Conductivity, Hardness, Total Suspended Solids, Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium, Bacteria and Yeast loads. The water samples were all soft and mostly acidic. While there were not much threats of yeast, the aerobic bacteria counts were above the acceptable limits. The Lead, Arsenic and Cadmium concentrations were above the tolerable limits in most communities in Anaocha and Awka-South. Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium were absent in all the samples in Awka-North except in four communities where Cadmium was present. Suspended solid contents were also high in all the Local Government Areas. Overall, the quality of the water consumed by the people in the selected population calls to question of the water and sanitation component of the public health system.
Enhancing natural language understanding using meaning representation and deep learning

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is one of the complex tasks in artificial intelligence. Machine learning was introduced to address the complex and dynamic nature of natural language. Deep learning gained popularity within the NLU community due to its capability of learning features directly from data, as well as learning from the dynamic nature of natural language. Furthermore, deep learning has shown to be able to learn the hidden feature(s) automatically and outperform most of the other machine learning approaches for NLU. Deep learning models require natural language inputs to be converted to vectors (word embedding). Word2Vec and GloVe are word embeddings which are designed to capture the analogy context-based statistics and provide lexical relations on words. Using the context-based statistical approach does not capture the prior knowledge required to understand language combined with words. Although a deep learning model receives word embedding, language understanding requires Reasoning, Attention and Memory (RAM). RAM are key factors in understanding language. Current deep learning models focus either on reasoning, attention or memory. In order to properly understand a language however, all three factors of RAM should be considered. Also, a language normally has a long sequence. This long sequence creates dependencies which are required in order to understand a language. However, current deep learning models, which are developed to hold longer sequences, either forget or get affected by the vanishing or exploding gradient descent. In this thesis, these three main areas are of focus. A word embedding technique, which integrates analogy context-based statistical and semantic relationships, as well as extracts from a knowledge base to hold enhanced meaning representation, is introduced. Also, a Long Short-Term Reinforced Memory (LSTRM) network is introduced. This addresses RAM and is validated by testing on question answering data sets which require RAM. Finally, a Long Term Memory Network (LTM) is introduced to address language modelling. Good language modelling requires learning from long sequences. Therefore, this thesis demonstrates that integrating semantic knowledge and a knowledge base generates enhanced meaning and deep learning models that are capable of achieving RAM and long-term dependencies so as to improve the capability of NLU.
Reproductive tract infections and uterine fibroids

For decades, it has been hypothesized that reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are risk factors for uterine fibroids. However, only two recent studies have been conducted. We aimed to investigate the relationship between RTIs and fibroids in a large study using ultrasound screening for fibroids. We used cross-sectional enrollment data from African-American women ages 23-34 years with no previous fibroid diagnosis. For Aim 1, RTI history was measured by self-report. For Aim 2 we used serology, an immunological measure of past exposure with a focus on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) because prior published data have suggested a possible association, and serology for HSV-2 is much more accurate than self-report. For both aims, fibroid status was measured by standardized ultrasound. Secondary fibroid outcomes were size, number, and total volume. Age- and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs). In total, 1,656 women were included; 22% had fibroids. Self-reported bacterial vaginosis (BV) was associated with a 21% increased odds of fibroids [aOR 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.58]. Self-reported chlamydia infection and pelvic inflammatory disease were associated with a 38% (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.97) and a 46% (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.25-1.17) reduced odds of having two or more fibroids, respectively. Those with a previous self-reported BV diagnosis had a 47% increased odds of having 2 or more fibroids (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 0.98-2.21) and a 41% increased odds of having a larger total fibroid volume (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 0.98-2.04). There was no significant association between HSV-2 seropositivity and fibroid presence (multivariable-adjusted OR: 0.94 95% CI: 0.73, 1.20); nor were there any associations with size of largest fibroid, number of fibroids, or total fibroid volume. Our study was the first to investigate the association of fibroids with HSV-2 exposure assessed serologically. In addition, it was the first to explore the relationship between self-reported RTIs and fibroid size, number, and total volume. There appeared to be no strong associations between self-reported RTIs or serologically-measured HSV-2 seropositivity and the presence of fibroids.
Uncertainty Avoidance and Intrapreneurship: A Four-Level Investigation

Although uncertainty avoidance is identified as an important concept for understanding intrapreneurial intentions, empirical findings have not been consistent in portraying a broader picture of how uncertainty avoidance shapes intrapreneurial intentions. This study bridges this gap through a four-level conceptual model of the role of uncertainty avoidance in the formation of employees’ intrapreneurial intentions, differentiating among unit- and country-level uncertainty avoidance. Using the established relationship between behavioral control and intentions, we consider how employee creativity and self-efficacy influence intrapreneurial intentions. Following the person-environment fit paradigm and the resulting fit traditions of complementarity and supplementarity, we narrow in on how these processes operate within specific (stimulating or inhibiting) cultural settings in terms of uncertainty avoidance at both the unit and country levels. Using data from 787 employees on the first level nested into 73 units on the second level, 19 organizations on the third level, and eight countries on the fourth level, study shows evidence for a beneficial interplay between unit-level uncertainty avoidance and creativity or self-efficacy when there is a supplementary or complementarity fit. The interplay between behavioral and contextual factors is negative, however, when neither type of fit applies. Finally, country-level uncertainty avoidance seems to be irrelevant to intrapreneurial intentions.
Trends and determinants of quality of life and self-rated health in the course of medical education among medical students

The aim of this study is to determine the change in the self-rated health and quality of life of students of a school of medicine during the course of their education and the predictive factors of health and quality of life such as socioeconomic factors, health status and healthy lifestyle, social relationships and social support, and academic burden. The study is a cross-sectional study that aimed to reach the entire registered students of Manisa Celal Bayar University School of Medicine in 2016-2017. Dependent variables in this study are the overall quality of life, self-rated health and annual self- rated health transition About 10.1% of the students stated their overall quality of life as poor or very poor whereas nearly 10.9% were dissatisfied about their health and 20.3 % of them stated their current health as worse than the previous year. There is a linear trend in a year in medical school in terms of quality of life. The logistic regression Model suggested that having a non-depressed mood is the best predictor of a better quality of life. Lower BMI, being healthy, taking care of their health and having a nuclear family are found the most important variables that affect self-rated health positively. The final term students (interns) perceived the worse overall quality of life than the first and second-year students. Additionally, the majority of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th term students reported their health worse than the previous year. These facts in self-rated health and QOL may be regarded as pieces of evidence that may lead the university authorities to take measures especially in clinical terms of medical education.
Regulation of the time when cells commit to terminally differentiate controls the number of differentiated cells

SUMMARY Terminal cell differentiation is essential for developing and maintaining tissues in all multi-cellular organisms. However, when and how the opposing processes of proliferation and terminal cell differentiation regulate permanent exit from the cell cycle and the number of differentiated cells is not well understood. Here we use adipogenesis as a model system to measure in live single cells the moment of terminal cell differentiation during cell-cycle progression. We show that terminal cell differentiation occurs through a competition during a lengthening G1 phase whereby cells either commit to terminally differentiate and close the window of proliferation, or commit to the next cell cycle and extend the window of proliferation until a later G1 phase. By regulating when cells terminally differentiate, different strengths of mitogen and differentiation stimuli control the number of terminally differentiated cells produced per progenitor cell. Together, our study suggests that tissue development, maintenance and regeneration is regulated by a competition mechanism that speeds up or delays the time when cells commit to terminally differentiate. HIGHLIGHTS Progenitor cells decide to terminally differentiate by using a competition process that can last over multiple cell cycles and engages during each lengthening G1 phase The cyclin-CDK inhibitor p21 is induced by PPARG and extends G1 duration, and also triggers permanent cell-cycle exit once PPARG reaches the threshold for terminal differentiation The system architecture regulates the number of differentiated cells by speeding up or delaying the time when cells commit to terminally differentiate and close the window of proliferation
Performance evaluation of laboratory professionals on tuberculosis microscopy at Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia

Microscopic diagnosis of Ziehl-Neelsen stained sputum by microscopists has remained the best routine laboratory method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). However, detection and identification of TB require skilled laboratory personnel. The aim of the study was to assess the performance of laboratory professionals in detecting TB bacilli at Hawassa town health institutions. A cross-sectional study design was employed among a total of 81 laboratory professionals working in public and private health facilities. A standardized pre-validated slide panel and questionnaires were distributed to laboratory professionals. Agreement in detection of TB bacilli sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of readings were assessed using SPSS version 16.0. Among the 81 participant, 11(13.6%) correctly reported all panel slides, 70 (86.4%) missed at least one slides. A total of 29.75% (241/810) error was reported that include major errors of 2.22% (13 HFN; 5 HFP) and minor errors of 27.5% (25 LFN; 60 LFP and138 QE). The sensitivity and specificity of participants in detecting TB bacilli as compared to the reference reading were 91.97, 80.00, 87.30 and 86.92%, respectively. Overall agreement of participants with the reference reading on TB detection was 95.18% (Kappa = 0.73). Agreement of the participants with reference reading in the detection of TB bacilli was good. Even though the study revealed only 2.22% major error, the laboratory professionals need continuous supervision and remedial actions on time for successful TB control programs. Key words: Tuberculosis microscopy, performance test, laboratory professionals, southern Ethiopia.
Imprint cytology: an appraisal

A correct diagnosis helps in starting the specific therapy in time, thus reducing morbidity and mortality. FNA, imprint cytology are now rapid diagnostic tool in the armamentarium of clinicians. Imprint cytology is simple and rapid technique for tissue diagnosis. Imprint is a touch preparation in which tissue is touched on the slide and it leaves behind its imprint in the form of cells on glass slide; studies are made after proper staining. Diagnostic cytology is the science of interpretation of cells derived from human body, which either exfoliates freely from epithelial surface or removed from various sources by artificial means.
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Interval Aerobic Training with Green Tea and Ginger Consumption on Lipid Profiles of Overweight Women

Introduction: Obesity is a complex chronic disorder with multifactorial etiology that includes genetics, hormones, diet, age, physical activity and the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8weeks of interval aerobic training with green tea and ginger on lipid profiles of overweight women in Behbahan city. Methods: In this study, 40 overweight women (age: 44.05 ± 9.40 years; weight: 73.77 ± 9.22 kg; height: 1.57 ± 0.05 m, and body mass index: 29.79 ± 3.10 kg / m2) were divided in 4 groups of 10 subjects: 1) control, 2) training, 3) training and supplementation, and 4) supplementation. The subjects participated in the study for 8 weeks and 3 sessions each week, and blood samples were taken to measure the TG, TC, LDL and HDL factors as pre-test and post-test. Paired samples t-test and ANOVA at a significant level of P ≤ 0.05 was used to examine the difference between the groups and the effect of training and supplementation. Results: The findings of this study showed that interval aerobic training with supplementation of green tea and ginger has beneficial effects on the lipid profile. Also, contrary to TG (P=0.17), TC (P=0.004), HDL (P=0.51), and LDL (P=0.02) in paired samples t-test, were not totally significant between the groups. Conclusion: Interval aerobic training with green tea and ginger consumption had no statistically significant effects on the lipid profile of overweight women, but interval aerobic training and green tea and ginger consumption, separately or combined can have effects on lipid profile of overweight women.