Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Normative values for heart rate response to exercise in young athletes at 10–18 years old

ABSTRACT The assessment of the chronotropic response during acute physical exertion can allow the discovery of many cardiovascular diseases even at a young age. However, the increase in heart rate (HR) depends on the age and sex of the subject and the modality of the graded exercise test. This study aims to provide sex- and age-related normative values for heart rate performance in young athletes aged 10–18. A retrospective study was carried out on 7896 young athletes (5356 males and 2540 females) aged between 10 and 18 who underwent pre-participation screening to obtain eligibility for competitive sport. First, anthropometric parameters, performance data, and HR are reported. Thus, each age calculated third, tenth, twenty-fifth, fiftieth, seventy-fifth, ninetieth, and ninety-seventh percentiles for the stage-by-stage HR response, according to sex and graded exercise test modality category. Young female athletes of all ages showed lower performance with fewer stages performed on the cycle ergometer and the treadmill. Young male athletes on treadmill and cycle ergometers show lower HR values at submaximal intensities. The treadmill allows a longer duration than the cycle ergometer for males and females. Sex, age, and the specificity of the movement performed must be considered in assessing the chronotropic response in the young population, particularly for those who carry out a training program. In addition, providing reference values of HR response to acute physical exertion may allow for a better functional assessment of the young athletes. Highlights Growth and physical training induce continuous changes in the cardiovascular system. However, each young athlete shows individual features. The chronotropic response to incremental load is a common method for assessing health and fitness. Comparing the heart rate data obtained from the incremental effort with the reference percentiles can provide information in a short time in the evaluation of young athletes and the general youth population. Therefore, this methodology is regularly performed in the evaluation of anthropometric growth. In evaluating the chronotropic response to physical exertion, in addition to age and sex, should take the specificity of the movement performed during the test into account.
Can Mixed Intercropping Protect Cereals from Aphid-Borne Viruses? An Experimental Approach

Simple Summary Aphids are vectors of plant viruses and can cause important yield losses in numerous crops. Rhopalosiphum padi is the main vector of Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV). The yellow dwarf disease (YDD), present in all cereal growing regions in the world, caused by BYDV-PAV, can induce up to 80% of yield losses in barley. In a context of global warming, reduction of pesticide uses, and development of organic farming, new control methods for YDD incidence are needed. In this study, the association of a winter barley with clover was tested for its impact(s) on the R. padi/BYDV-PAV pathosystem. The effect of clover was different according to the morph of the aphid introduced in a multi-plant (i.e., arena) experimental design in laboratory. A spatial effect on aphid distribution (observed for alate founder morph) and a reduction of the size of aphid populations (observed for wingless founder morph) are described. However, the presence of clover did not modify, under our experimental conditions, the efficiency of BYDV-PAV infections and within arena spread of YDD. Thus, clover used by cereal growers for other services (weeds reduction, nitrogen supply, and soil cover), would participate to lower the risks associated to the presence of BYDV vectors through a bottom-up regulation of aphid populations within the field. Barley/clover intercropping should be considered as a promising method for a future management strategy against vectors of yellow dwarf disease, especially in an insecticide-free agriculture. Abstract Intercropping, i.e., association of two or more species, is promising to reduce insect populations in fields. The cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, a vector of the Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV), represents a major threat for cereal grain production. In this study, we tested the potential of winter barley intercropped with clover to reduce the size of R. padi populations and to lower the BYDV-PAV incidence in fields. We used arenas (i.e., sets of 36 barley plants) intercropped with or without clover plants (at different sown densities). In each arena, a single viruliferous founder, R. padi, (with an alate or a wingless morph) was deposited to introduce aphids and viruses in the experiment. Thirteen days later, the number of aphids in the arena, the percentage of plants hosting aphids and the infection rates were monitored. Data produced through this experimental design showed that clover alters the distribution of the aphid progeny (lower aphid spread) produced by an alate founder morph. Moreover, clover reduces the size of aphid populations produced by a wingless founder morph. However, despite the effects of clover on biological parameters of R. padi, the presence of clover in barley arena did not modify BYDV infections, suggesting complex mechanisms between partners of the BYDV pathosystem for plant-to-plant virus spread.
Horizontal sections of connections on curves and transcendence

Let $K$ be a number field, $\UX$ be a smooth projective curve over it and $D$ be a reduced divisor on $\UX$. Let $(E,\nabla)$ be a fibre bundle with connection having meromorphic poles on $D$. Let $p_1,. ,p_s\in\UX(K)$ and $X:=\UX\setminus\{D,p_1,. , p_s\}$ (the $p_j$'s may be in the support of $D$). Using tools from Nevanlinna theory and formal geometry, we give the definition of $E$--section of type $\alpha$ of the vector bundle $E$ with respect to the points $p_j$; this is the natural generalization of the notion of $E$ function defined in Siegel Shidlowski theory. We prove that the value of a $E$--section of type $\alpha$ in an algebraic point different from the $p_j$'s has maximal transcendence degree. Siegel Shidlowski theorem is a special case of the theorem proved. We give an application to isomonodromic connections.
Multiwavelength campaign of the gamma-ray flaring source PKS 2052-47

The flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 2052-47 experienced an optical flare in July-August, 2009. On August 9, the LAT detector onboard Fermi observed a flare from the source, which reached its active phase in the following two months. To further investigate the physics and emission mechanisms during the flaring state of this source, we arranged a multiwavelength campaign from radio to gamma-ray to study its spectral energy distribution (SED) and its brightness variations across the spectrum. Here we present the first results of this multiwavelength campaign.
KHOVANOV HOMOLOGY AND WORDS

This paper is concerned with nanowords, a generalization of links, introduced by Turaev. It is shown that the system of bigraded homology groups is an invariant of nanowords by introducing a new notion. This paper gives two examples which show the independence of this invariant from some of Turaev's homotopy invariants.
Who to Be Treated: Nomogram Using Self-Reported Periodontal Screening Instrument among English-Speaking Adults in Multi-Ethnic Singapore

Periodontal disease is a major public health problem. This study aimed to develop a nomogram using a self-reported periodontitis screening instrument in predicting severe periodontitis (SP), defined by the World Workshop on Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, and evaluate its utility in clinical setting. An Akaike information criterion selected multivariable model was developed to predict SP using a self-reported questionnaire, with a nomogram developed based on its regression coefficients. Discriminatory capability was evaluated by Receiver-operating characteristic curve. Ability to predict SP of individual patients was evaluated with bootstrapping. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate its potential clinical utility by evaluating clinical net benefit at different thresholds. 58.1% of 155 participants were classified with SP. Older males without tertiary education, with ‘loose teeth’, ‘bone loss’ and ‘mouth rinse use’ had higher SP risk. The nomogram showed excellent discriminatory capability with Area under Curve of 0.83 (95% CI = (0.76, 0.89)), good calibration (intercept = 0.026) and slight overestimation of high risk and underestimation of low risk (slope = 0.834). DCA showed consistent clinical net benefit across the range of thresholds relative to assumption of ‘no patient’ or ‘all patient’ with SP. Our nomogram using a self-reported periodontitis instrument is useful in SP screening in English-speaking Singaporean adults.
Numerical Upscaling of Seismic Signatures of Poroelastic Rocks Containing Mesoscopic Fluid‐Saturated Voids

We present a novel coupled fluid‐poroelastic model and an associated numerical upscaling procedure to calculate seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion in porous rocks induced by fluid pressure diffusion (FPD) in the presence of mesoscopic fluid‐saturated voids, such as, for example, vugs or factures. By applying appropriate interface conditions, the proposed model couples the Navier‐Stokes equations for viscous fluids with Biot's equations of poroelasticity to model the mesoscopic voids and the embedding background, respectively. A finite element method is employed to solve the coupled problem for a set of three relaxation tests, which enables us to compute the complex‐valued and frequency‐dependent equivalent stiffness matrix of the considered synthetic sample. The newly proposed fluid‐poroelastic approach is compared with a purely poroelastic one as well as a fluid‐elastic approach in a benchmark model containing interconnected mesoscopic fractures embedded in a poroelastic background. We obtain excellent agreement for the proposed approach and the purely poroelastic model by optimizing the material properties of the fractures for the latter, which demonstrates both the correctness and advantages of our method over the purely poroelastic approach for modeling fluid‐saturated mesoscopic voids. We also observe that, while the coupled fluid‐elastic approach and the proposed method provide consistent results with regard to seismic attenuation due to the fracture‐to‐fracture FPD, the latter also allows to account for the effects of fracture‐to‐background FPD. Finally, we employ the proposed methodology to explore the seismic characteristics of a synthetic “vuggy” carbonate‐type sample, for which we visualize and interpret the resulting seismic attenuation in terms of FPD between the microscopic and mesoscopic pores.
A"$v$-operation free"approach to Pr\"ufer $v$-multiplication domains

The so called Prüfer v-multiplication domains (PvMD’s) are usually defined as domains whose finitely generated nonzero ideals are t-invertible. These domains generalize Prüfer domains and Krull domains. The PvMD’s are relatively obscure compared to their very well known special cases. One of the reasons could be that the study of PvMD’s uses the jargon of star operations, such as the v-operation and the t-operation. In this paper, we provide characterizations of and basic results on PvMD’s and related notions without star operations.
Stochastic Models for the 3x+1 and 5x+1 Problems

This paper discusses stochastic models for predicting the long-time behavior of the trajectories of orbits of the 3x+1 problem and, for comparison, the 5x+1 problem. The stochastic models are rigorously analyzable, and yield heuristic predictions (conjectures) for the behavior of 3x+1 orbits and 5x+1 orbits.
Comparison of Spectroscopy-Based Methods and Chemometrics to Confirm Classification of Specialty Coffees

The Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) sensory analysis protocol is the methodology that is used to classify specialty coffees. However, because the sensory analysis is sensitive to the taster’s training, cognitive psychology, and physiology, among other parameters, the feasibility of instrumental approaches has been recently studied for complementing such analyses. Spectroscopic methods, mainly near infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (FTIR—Fourier Transform Infrared), have been extensively employed for food quality authentication. In view of the aforementioned, we compared NIR and FTIR to distinguish different qualities and sensory characteristics of specialty coffee samples in the present study. Twenty-eight green coffee beans samples were roasted (in duplicate), with roasting conditions following the SCA protocol for sensory analysis. FTIR and NIR were used to analyze the ground and roasted coffee samples, and the data then submitted to statistical analysis to build up PLS models in order to confirm the quality classifications. The PLS models provided good predictability and classification of the samples. The models were able to accurately predict the scores of specialty coffees. In addition, the NIR spectra provided relevant information on chemical bonds that define specialty coffee in association with sensory aspects, such as the cleanliness of the beverage.
Framed 4-Valent Graphs: Euler Tours, Gauss Circuits and Rotating Circuits

In the present paper we give an explicit formula which allows us immediately to describe a unique Gauss circuit on a framed 4-valent graph (a graph with a structure of opposite edges) from an arbitrary Euler tour on the graph whenever the Gauss circuit exists. This formula only depends on the adjacency matrix of an Euler tour and also tells us whether there exists a Gauss tour on a framed 4-valent graph or not. It turns out that the results are also valid for all symmetric matrices (not just realisable by a chord diagram).
Global well-posedness of the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equation below the energy norm

We show that the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equations in three dimensions are globally well-posed in $H^s_x$ in the Coulomb gauge for all $s > \sqrt{3}/2 \approx 0.866$. This extends previous work of Klainerman-Machedon \cite{kl-mac:mkg} on finite energy data $s \geq 1$, and Eardley-Moncrief \cite{eardley} for still smoother data. We use the method of almost conservation laws, sometimes called the "I-method", to construct an almost conserved quantity based on the Hamiltonian, but at the regularity of $H^s_x$ rather than $H^1_x$. One then uses Strichartz, null form, and commutator estimates to control the development of this quantity. The main technical difficulty (compared with other applications of the method of almost conservation laws) is at low frequencies, because of the poor control on the $L^2_x$ norm. In an appendix, we demonstrate the equations' relative lack of smoothing - a property that presents serious difficulties for studying rough solutions using other known methods.
A stronger concept of K-stability

In this paper, by introducing a wider class of one-parameter group actions for test configurations, we have a stronger form of the definition of K-stability. This allows us to obtain some key step of my preceding work in proving that constant scalar curvature polarization implies K-stability for polarized algebraic manifolds.
Entrepreneurial Posture in Communications Entrepreneurial Orientation

iii LAY SUMMARY . iv PREFACE . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x LISTS OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS OR OTHER . xi GLOSSARY . xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . xiii DEDICATION . xiv
The Dynamic Effects of Urban–Rural Income Inequality on Sustainable Economic Growth under Urbanization and Monetary Policy in China

Income inequality in China has become increasingly serious since the beginning of the economic reform period in the 1970s, with urban–rural income inequality playing a large role. Urbanization policy and monetary policy are currently important economic policy tools for the Chinese government. In order to investigate the influence of inequality on the economy and to provide recommendations for ensuring the sustainability of growth, we study the effect of urban–rural income inequality on economic growth in the context of urbanization and monetary policy in China between 2002 and 2021. Using a flexible time-varying parametric structural vector auto-regression (TVP-VAR) model and a robust Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, our empirical results show that the effect is time-varying, with inequality promoting growth in the early years but affecting it adversely at later stages. Currently, urbanization mitigates inequality and promotes growth simultaneously, while easy monetary policy worsens inequality and affects growth adversely in the long term. We suggest that the authorities need to consider the implementation of policy rebalancing to ensure that the sustainability of economic development is not jeopardized because of worsening income disparity. Proactive urbanization policy and prudent monetary policy are viable rebalancing options.
An Empirical Assessment of the Performance Impacts of Is An Empirical Assessment of the Performance Impacts of Is Support for Knowledge Management Support for Knowledge Management

: In this study, the performance impacts of information systems (IS) support for two key knowledge management activities (knowledge creation and knowledge sharing) were assessed with both survey and archival data. The results showed that IS support for knowledge creation and IS support for knowledge sharing had direct positive effects on labor productivity. Coupled with unique, complementary organizational resources, both types of IS support exerted positive effects on profitability.
BOARDS OF DIRECTORS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND TAX AGGRESSIVENESS: A STUDY OF TUNISIAN CONTEXT LES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES CONSEILS D'ADMINISTRATION ET L’AGRESSIVITÉ FISCALE : UNE ÉTUDE DU CONTEXTE TUNISIEN

The objective of this research is to study the effect of board characteristics on tax management strategy in Tunisia. Using a sample of 47 firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018. We used regression analysis to examine the relationship between board characteristics and aggressive tax planning. The results indicate that the size of the board of directors and independent directors can have a substantial effect on reducing tax aggressiveness. However the combination of the dual position of chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors encourages aggressive tax planning. Finally, the study shows that there is no significant relationship between the gender diversity of the board of directors and aggressive tax planning.
Impact of COVID-19 on brain death and organ donation; a single center study in Turkey Impacto del COVID-19 sobre la muerte cerebral y la donación de órganos; estudio de un centro en Turquía

Recibido: 03-01-2021 Corregido: 29-04-2021 Aceptado: 11-05-2021 ABSTRACT Objectives: More than 50 million people in the world have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and more than 1 million 250 thousand patients have died. With the increasing number of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals, problems related to nonCOVID-19 patient care have emerged. Organ transplant organizations have had to adapt to this difficult time. The current and longterm impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic is an important factor to be taken into account. An important question to ask is how this outbreak has changed the organ donation process and how long it will take to address a potentially growing waiting list. Methods: We analized the effects of the pandemic COVID-19 in 2020 inTurkey between March and May. We have counted the number of brain deaths and organ donations in these months. We retrospectively compared the same months in 2019, the months before and after the pandemic in 2020, and the years 2019-2020. Results: When examined in other months, it is seen that the effect of the pandemic on brain death and organ donation continues not only in the months when the pandemic is intense, but also in other months. The total number of brain deaths in 2019 was 37, and family donations were 22; In 2020, the number of brain deaths decreased to 13, and family donations decreased to 7. This corresponds to a decrease of 64.86% and 68.18%, respectively, compared to the previous year. Conclusions: Brain death, organ donation and organ transplantation have decreased significantly with the onset of the pandemic compared to the previous years and the prepandemic period. Studies from different countries and regions have also shown that this decrease becomes even more pronounced where the number of cases is high.
Antiviral Activities of Green Tea Components against Grouper Iridovirus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo

(1) Background: Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) can cause extensive fish deaths. Therefore, developing treatments to combat virulent SGIV is of great economic importance to address this challenge to the grouper aquaculture industry. Green tea is an important medicinal and edible plant throughout the world. In this study, we evaluated the use of green tea components against SGIV infection. (2) Methods: The safe working concentrations of green tea components were identified by cell viability detection and light microscopy. Additionally, the antiviral activity of each green tea component against SGIV infection was determined with light microscopy, an aptamer (Q5c)-based fluorescent molecular probe, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. (3) Results: The safe working concentrations of green tea components were green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) ≤ 100 μg/mL, green tea polyphenols (TP) ≤ 10 μg/mL, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) ≤ 12 μg/mL, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) ≤ 10 μg/mL, (-)-epicatechin gallate (EGC) ≤ 5 μg/mL, and (-)-epicatechin (EC) ≤ 50 μg/mL. The relative antiviral activities of the green tea components determined in terms of MCP gene expression were TP > EGCG > GTAE > ECG > EGC > EC, with inhibition rates of 99.34%, 98.31%, 98.23%, 88.62%, 73.80%, and 44.31%, respectively. The antiviral effect of aptamer-Q5c was consistent with the results of qPCR. Also, TP had an excellent antiviral effect in vitro, wherein the mortality of fish in only the SGIV-injection group and TP + SGIV-injection group were 100% and 11.67%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest that green tea components have effective antiviral properties against SGIV and may be candidate agents for the effective treatment and control of SGIV infections in grouper aquaculture.