Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF STROKE RATE ON BIOMECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND EFFICIENCY OF ROWING

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to determine how biomechanical parameters and mechanical efficiency of rowing depend on stroke rate. This problem was studied by Martin and Bernfield in 1980/ I / but it was not fully solved because of limited number of experimental data. There was used the computerized rowing simulator "IGL-In 121, which provide the maximum similarity to real boatrowing motions. A group of elite oarsmen(n = 27, 1,94M,07 cm, 92,7+8,9 kg,23,0+3,8 yr., X+SD) performed three test trials on "IGL-1". The duration of each trial was one minute. The athletes were instructed to maintain the training stroke rate in the first trial, racing rate in the second one and submaximal rate in the third one. The nieasured data were processed using developed algorithm and patterns of primary and derivative mechanical parameters were produced. The patterns and its quantitative criteria were used for stroke rate effect determination. RESULTS An average stroke rate was 26.023. 2,32.0Q. 4 and 36.5f2. 7 strokes per minute in each trial respectively. There was determined a very strong relationship between stroke rate and rowing rhythm that we define as part time of drive phase time in total cycle time. The correlation factor was ~ 0 . 8 5(p <0.001),and regression equation was y=0.84x+25.1. There were also determined correlations between the stroke rate and following criteria: handle force per body weight (r=0.62, pc0.001,y=0.16x+4.59), part time of peak handle force achieving (~0.41, pc0.01,y=0.35x+13.9), handle velocity (r=0.73,p<0.001, y=0.77x+15.5), trunk velocity(r=0.69, p<0.001, y=0.67x+I 1.7) and arms velocity (r=0.82, p<0.001, y=0.97x+I 3.3). calculated boat velocity (r=0.79, p<0.001,y=0.06~+1,82), boat velocity fluctuation(r=-0.58, p<O.Ol, y=-0.51 x+47.3),mechanical efficiency of rowing (r=-0.51.pc0.01, y=-0,88x+77,4), rowing power per body mass ( ~ 0 . 8 4 , p<0.01, y=0,20x-1,35), part power of arms (r=-0.60,p<O.Ol, y=-0,57~+39,1). The correlations between the stroke rate and following criteria were not determined: stroke length and any segments' track, part time of peak achieving of legs' velocity. part power of legs and trunk. CONCLUSION Results of the study are in accordance with previous findings that the stroke rate has got significant positive correlations with average velocity, force application and part time of drive phase. The study also defines that stroke rate increasing does not effect longitudinal criteria of rowing in elite oarsmen, but it increases some relative velocity and power criteria and, what is important, it reduces mechanical efficiency of rowing and leads to changes in force and power structures of rowing.REFERENCES1. Martin T. P, Bernfield Y.S. , Effect of stroke rate on velocity of a rowing shell;1980; Medicine and science in sports andexercise-1 2(4), 1980. pp.250-256.2. Kleshnev V.V. et al., The Application of Computer Technologies to Management of Special Training in Cyclic Sports, 1995, Current Research in Sport Sciences: an International Perspective.Plenum pub.
Epidemiology and factors associated with all-terrain vehicle accidents in children: A retrospective cross-sectional study of a trauma registry in Saudi Arabia

Background: All-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents have a substantial impact on the pediatric population in Saudi Arabia; however, few local studies are available. An in-depth study of this issue and adequate implementation of regulations are required to prevent additional casualties. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ATV injuries in the pediatric population and the outcomes associated with the injuries. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review at a Level 1 trauma center in Riyadh. All patients, aged ≤14 years and admitted due to an ATV accident, from 2004 to 2018 were included in this study. Demographic information, hospital course, and injury outcomes were extracted from the King Abdulaziz Medical City trauma registry. Each medical record was reviewed for short-term complications and the mechanism of injury. The primary outcome measure was the type of injury associated with ATV accidents; the secondary outcomes were injury site and mechanism of injury, and the association between the impact of injury and the clinical and demographic variable. Results: In total, 165 patients were involved in ATV accidents and met our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 8 ± 4 years, and 79% (131/165) were boys. Over 50% (84/165) of the sample had lower limb injuries. The majority of patients had fracture injuries (37%, 61/165), followed by amputations (30%, 50/165). Of the amputation group, the majority (86%, 43/50) was from 1 to 5 years compared to the no amputation group (P < 0.001). For the amputation group, 67% (33/50) had a limb trapped in the chain of the vehicle as to the mechanism of injury. Conclusion: The majority of patients had lower-extremity injuries, specifically fractured (37%) or amputated (30%) with children from age 1–5 years having a significantly higher proportion of hospital admission compared to the rest of the study population. Despite the existing legislation for ATV use in children, they are not enforced. The finding of this study recommends urgent implementation of these regulations for both ATV retailers and users and promotes public awareness about the severity of such injuries.
A new set of water losses-related performance indicators focused on areas facing water scarcity conditions

Abstract As almost all Mediterranean countries are facing water scarcity problems today, water losses in drinking water supply networks have grown to an urgent problem, needing immediate confrontation, representing a too valuable to be neglected water potential. The first step towards water losses reduction is the water supply network performance assessment process. The most commonly used methodology is the one introduced by the International Water Association (IWA), including the International Standard Water Balance and a list of Performance Indicators (PIs). Five years after the second PIs handbook edition was launched increasing the PIs included to 170 from 133 of the first edition, there is a need to re-evaluate them, including also new PIs adapted/focused to regional conditions and addressing other important topics such as environmental issues. The paper presents a new set of water losses-related PIs, focused on areas facing water scarcity conditions met in the Mediterranean countries, forming a soli.
The Effects of Earthquake Measurement Concepts and Magnitude Anchoring on Individuals’ Perceptions of Earthquake Risk

The purpose of this research is to explore earthquake risk perceptions in California. Specifically, we examine the risk beliefs, feelings, and experiences of lay, professional, and expert individuals to explore how risk is perceived and how risk perceptions are formed relative to earthquakes. Our results indicate that individuals tend to perceptually underestimate the degree that earthquake (EQ) events may affect them. This occurs in large part because individuals’ personal felt experience of EQ events are generally overestimated relative to experienced magnitudes. An important finding is that individuals engage in a process of “cognitive anchoring” of their felt EQ experience towards the reported earthquake magnitude size. The anchoring effect is moderated by the degree that individuals comprehend EQ magnitude measurement and EQ attenuation. Overall, the results of this research provide us with a deeper understanding of EQ risk perceptions, especially as they relate to individuals’ understanding of EQ measurement and attenuation concepts.
Analysis of Road Surface Profiles

This paper introduces a universal methodology for the analysis of discretely sampled sealed bituminous road profile data. Several hundred kilometers of Victorian (Australia) road profile data are analyzed in both the frequency and the amplitude domains. Road profile spectral characteristics are shown to be independent of road roughness. However, statistical analysis of the road elevation data shows them to be highly nonstationary, non-Gaussian processes that contain transients. Transients are difficult to locate when the data are analyzed in the road profile elevation domain itself, as they often occur within the Gaussian distribution. The road profile spatial acceleration is adopted as the preferred analysis domain, as roughness variations and transient events are identified with greater reliability and accuracy. Analysis of the spatial acceleration data enables the identification of large amplitude, short duration events (transients) as they occur extremely outside the Gaussian distribution. Higher order statistics, such as skewness and kurtosis, as well as the crest factor, are also used to detect transients. It is shown that the road surface elevation becomes a stationary mean process with a nonstationary root-mean square when analyzed in the spatial acceleration domain.
Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites toltrazuril sulphoxide and toltrazuril sulphone in pregnant and non-pregnant goats

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of toltrazuril (TZR) and its metabolites toltrazuril sulphoxide (TZR.SO) and toltrazuril sulphone (TZR.SO2) were assessed in non-pregnant and pregnant goats. Ten healthy Baladi female goats were allocated into two groups (n = 5 per group): non-pregnant goats (group 1) and pregnant goats at 2–3 months of gestation (group 2). Toltrazuril was administered once orally to all goats at 20 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected at 0 (before TZR administration), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 h and 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 27, 30, and 35 days post therapy to measure the concentrations of TZR and its metabolites. In pregnant goats, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last sample (AUC0-last) of TZR were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to the non-pregnant ones, whereas the volume of distribution (Vz_F_obs) and clearance (Cl_F_obs) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in pregnant goats. No significant differences were observed in the elimination half-life (T1/2λz), and mean residence time (MRT) between the two groups. In non-pregnant goats, TZR.SO and TZR.SO2 could be detected in plasma until 12 and 30 days, respectively; whereas in pregnant goats, they were quantified up to 16 and 35 days, respectively. Conclusively, TZR was well absorbed and rapidly metabolized to TZR.SO and TZR.SO2, after oral dosing in goats. Pregnancy caused significant alterations in some of the pharmacokinetic indicators of TZR and its metabolites in goats.
Topics of LIGO physics: quantum noise in advanced interferometers and template banks for compact-binary inspirals

This thesis deals with the planning for advanced interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, as well as the detection of inspiral waves using first-generation interferometers. In Chapters 2 -- 4 (in collaboration with Alessandra Buonanno), the the signal recycling interferometer proposed for LIGO-II is studied in the two-photon formalism. This study reveals the optical spring effect, which allows the interferometer to beat the standard quantum limit, while in the same time introduces a dynamical instability. A classical control system is designed to suppress this instability. In Chapter 5 (in collaboration with Alessandra Buonanno and Nergis Mavalvala), the quantum noise in heterodyne readout schemes for advanced interferometers is studied. In Chapter 6 (in collaboration with Patricia Purdue), a QND Speed-Meter interferometer with Michelson topology is proposed, analyzed and shown to be a promising candidate for third-generation interferometers (LIGO-III or EURO). This design requires adding a kilometer-scale cavity into the interferometer. In Chapter 7, Sagnac interferometers are analyzed and shown to exhibit a similar broadband QND performance without the need of additional cavity --- as expected since these interferometers are sensitive only to time-dependent mirror displacement, and are automatic speed meters. In Chapter 8 (in collaboration with Alessandra Buonanno and Michele Vallisneri), the Post-Newtonian (PN) breakdown at late-stage inspirals of non-spinning binary black holes is studied. We propose the use of Detection Template Families (DTFs) --- extensions of ordinary PN templates that can mimic all different PN waveforms and hence are plausible to catch the real waveform, yet do not provide straightforward parameter estimation. In Chapter 9 (in collaboration with Alessandra Buonanno and Michele Vallisneri), binaries carrying spins are studied using an adiabatic PN model. Based on features of the precession dynamics, we construct a DTF, using a modified Apostolatos' ansatz, that can mimic the modulated waveforms reasonably well, while keeping a small number of parameters to be searched over one by one, with the rest searched over automatically. We also propose a (computationally) plausible way of searching over the entire physical parameter space of neutron-star--black-hole binaries.
Comparison of dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to 0.375% ropivacaine in erector spinae plane block for lumbar spine surgery: A randomized, double blind, placebo control trial

Background: (ESPB) Erector spinae plane block is an interfascial plane block that effectively bonds a local anesthetic deep into the erector spinae muscle that lies contiguous to transverse processes. The present study was conducted to assess the outcome of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant for the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) to control postoperative pain after lumbar spine surgery. Materials and Methods: 60 patients selected for undergoing lumbar spine surgery were grouped into 3 groups of 20 each. Group I patients received 0.375% ropivacaine 20 mL group II patients received 0.375% ropivacaine 20 mL with 8 mg dexamethasone and group III patients received 0.375% ropivacaine 20 mL with 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine deep to the erector spinae muscle. Postoperative tramadol consumption, amount of rescue analgesia use, post-surgical hospital stay and (PONV) postoperative nausea and vomiting were noted. Results: The demographic data and intraoperative opioid requirement was comparable in all groups. Postoperative tramadol consumption and rescue analgesic need was significantly less in group III as compared to group II and I. Postoperative stay in hospital was 6.1 days in 6.2 days in group II and 4.6 days in group III and the difference was significant. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is found to be better than dexamethasone as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in erector spinae plane block in lumbar spine surgery.
Applying advanced technology to improve safety management in the construction industry: a literature review

Technology application is deemed an effective way to further construction safety management. Various technologies have been adopted for construction safety, including information communication technology (ICT), sensor-based technology, 3S (GIS/GPS/RS) technology, radio frequency identification (RFID) and virtual reality. A review of previous studies in the area of technology applications for construction safety would be indispensable for the main stakeholders in this field to share innovative research findings and gain access to future research trends. A three-step method was used to obtain relevant publications (119 papers met the ultimate selection criteria) and compile a database of the findings. The results present a general review of technology application for construction safety from the aspects of number of papers published annually, publication type, publication name, country/region of distribution, research level, project phase and project type. Corresponding analysis was performed with the collected data and the radar chart was used for analysing the trend of technology application for construction safety and the trend of research topics. Five research gaps were identified in the review process. The trends and gaps can serve as motivation for researchers and practitioners to work on the next generation of studies and the development of future effective measures, which can ensure a safe construction environment.
Risk of Bleeding after Colorectal Endoscopic Resection in Patients with Continued Warfarin Use Compared to Heparin Replacement: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) guidelines recommend continued warfarin treatment during gastroenterological endoscopic procedures with a high risk of bleeding as an alternative to heparin replacement in patients on warfarin therapy. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of warfarin in colorectal endoscopic resection (ER). The present study is aimed at verifying the risk of bleeding after ER for colorectal neoplasia (CRN) in patients with continued warfarin use. This was a single-center retrospective cohort study using clinical records. We assessed 126 consecutive patients with 159 CRNs who underwent ER (endoscopic mucosal resection, 146 cases; endoscopic submucosal dissection, 13 cases) at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 2014 and December 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: the heparin replacement group (79 patients with 79 CRNs) and the continued warfarin group (47 patients with 80 CRNs). One-to-one propensity score matching was performed to compare the bleeding rate after ER between the groups. The rate of bleeding after ER was significantly higher in the heparin replacement group than in the continued warfarin group for both before (10.1% vs. 1.3%, respectively; P = 0.0178) and after (11.9% vs. 0%, respectively; P = 0.0211) propensity score matching. None of the patients experienced thromboembolic events during the perioperative period. The risk of bleeding after colorectal ER was significantly lower in patients with continued warfarin use than in those with heparin replacement. Our data supports the recommendations of the latest JGES guidelines for patients receiving warfarin therapy.
The Performance of Steel-Frame Buildings with Infill Masonry Walls in the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

Following the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire, engineers recognized the superior performance of buildings with complete vertical load–carrying steel frames and infill masonry walls. These buildings were noteworthy in their ability to survive both the ground shaking and fire, many remaining in service today. Observation of this superior performance led many California structural engineers to believe that steel frames were the best structural system for resisting earthquake damage, in turn, leading to a proliferation of steel-frame construction in California cities. Not until the 1994 Northridge earthquake did many California engineers recognize that steel-frame structures can and do experience severe earthquake damage. The performance capability of early steel-frame buildings with infill masonry walls, however, remains unclear, despite improved understanding of their structural response characteristics.
Clinicopathological Correlation of Glioma Patients with respect to Immunohistochemistry Markers: A Prospective Study of 115 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Background: With the incorporation of molecular subtyping in glioma patients in 2016 WHO classification, there is a need to understand the immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker expression in various glioma patients and to clinically correlate with various subgroups. Objective: Aim of the study was to assess IHC marker expression profile in glioma patients and to clinically correlate them in various subgroups. Materials and Methods: The prospective study included 115 glioma patients. IHC markers (isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH] 1, ATRX, P53, Ki-67 antibody) were done in all patients. Patients received treatment as per the grade of tumor. The patients were followed in 3 monthly intervals, for a period of 12 months. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Tables were prepared in Microsoft Excel sheet. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results: There were 11 Grade 1, 33 Grade 2, 26 Grade 3, and 45 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients out of which 10 patients were secondary GBM cases. IDH1 mutation is frequent in Grade 2 and Grade 3 tumors of both astrocytic and oligodendroglia tumors. Its mutation is also common in secondary GBM patients. ATRX mutation is specific to astrocytic lineage, Grade 2, Grade 3, and secondary GBM patients. Conclusion: Molecular nature of DA and AA cases can be accurately confirmed by combined IDH1 and ATRX IHC thereby avoiding costly investigations such as fluorescence in situ hybridization. In astrocytic tumors, p53 can act as a surrogate marker. IDH-mutant glioma patients have better prognoses than IDH wild gliomas.
Hospitalizations of the elderly for reasons related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection, Rondônia, Brazil, 2010-2018

Introduction: For the elderly, cultural factors and social paradigms predispose to the rejection of condom use, which favors human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The North region was the last area for the spread of HIV in Brazil. Rondônia, although with a slight decline in the HIV detection rate in recent years, is still among the states with high mortality rate due to HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Brazil. Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the elderly patients who were hospitalized for reasons related to HIV infection in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive study of secondary data recorded from 2010 to 2018. The cause of hospitalization was identified in the field referring to the main and secondary diagnoses of the hospitalization authorization form. Results: Between 2010 and 2018, Rondônia recorded 1,073,932 hospitalizations for any cause in the state’s public hospitals. Out of these, 183,803 (17.1%) were of elderly patients over 60 years of age and 249 (0.13%) were due to HIV/AIDS. There was a progressive increase in the number of hospitalizations during the study period, as well as a predominance of younger elderly men (67.1±6.0 years old). The mean length of hospitalizations was 21.3±21.1 days and 57 (24.1%) elderly patients died. Conclusion: Despite all the progress made in HIV prevention and treatment, the state of Rondônia still has a progressive increase in hospitalizations of elderly people for reasons related to HIV/AIDS. HIV transmission prevention strategies should be emphasized in the elderly population in the state.
Art, Transformation and the Social Imaginary

Abstract Art uses images, symbols, ideas, and other expressions to enable people to construct new social imaginaries that can inspire change toward a more desirable future. Artists serve as ‘seers’ of reality as it is, in ways that others do not see, and of what might be. Art can help frame and envision new cultural mythologies and social imaginaries. The ‘soft’ power of art can change perspectives, raise awareness, and foster socio-cultural change. Art’s soft power potentially provides an approach to system transformation more amenable to some than ‘hard’ power because it taps the holistic right brain’s both/and approach to system transformation.