Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal Aging on Space Charge Dynamics in LDPE

Understanding space charge phenomenon in polyethylene under long-term thermal stress is essential and is of huge practical importance. In this article, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet samples are thermally aged for up to 256 days, and space charge dynamics are investigated at low and high electric fields experimentally. For highly aged samples, the space charge is measured in the vicinity of breakdown. A clear difference in trend of packet-like charge movement is observed in the highly aged samples when compared to packet charge of fresh samples reported until now. Interesting insights on the injection and movement of charges through the bulk, mean accumulated charge density, field enhancement factor (FEF), and the shift of space charge regimes with aging are presented, which were apparently not given adequate attention in the literature so far. The results are believed to be useful for high-voltage direct current (HVdc) insulation designers and utilities.
Electron slicing for the generation of tunable femtosecond soft x-ray pulses from a free electron laser and slice diagnostics

Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C. p.A. , 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy(Received 3 October 2012; published 4 April 2013)We present the experimental results of femtosecond slicing an ultrarelativistic, high brightness electronbeam with a collimator. In contrast to some qualitative considerations reported in Phys. Rev. Lett. 92,074801 (2004), we ﬁrst demonstrate that the collimation process preserves the slice beam quality, inagreement with our theoretical expectations, and that the collimation is compatiblewith the operation of alinear accelerator in terms of beam transport, radiation dose, and collimator heating. Accordingly, thecollimated beam can be used for the generation of stable femtosecond soft x-ray pulses of tunableduration, from either a self-ampliﬁed spontaneous emission or an externally seeded free electron laser.The proposed method also turns out to be a more compact and cheaper solution for electron slicediagnostics than the commonly used radio frequency deﬂecting cavities and has minimal impact on themachine design.
Nonlinear damped standing slow waves in hot coronal magnetic loops

We study the nonlinear standing slow waves in coronal magnetic loops. We assume that the wave amplitude is sufficiently small and use it as a small parameter in the asymptotic expansions. In addition, we assume that the wave damping is sufficiently slow, which enables us to introduce the “slow” time related to the evolution of the wave amplitude and shape. We show that, in the leading-order approximation, the nonlinear standing wave is a superposition of two identical nonlinear waves propagating in the opposite directions. The two waves are governed by the Burgers equation. Using the Cole-Hopfe substitution, we obtain an analytical solution describing a standing wave that has the form of the linear fundamental eigenmode at the initial moment of time. This solution is used for the parametric study of nonlinear standing waves. In particular, the effect of nonlinearity on the oscillation damping time is investigated.
HucMSC-Exo Promote Mucosal Healing in Experimental Colitis by Accelerating Intestinal Stem Cells and Epithelium Regeneration via Wnt Signaling Pathway

Background Mucosal healing has emerged as a crucial therapeutic goal for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Exosomes (Exo) as a potential acellular candidate for stem cell therapy might be competent to promote mucosal healing, while its mechanism remains unexplored. Methods Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) were subjected to experimental colitis mice intraperitoneally to estimate the role in mucosal healing and the regeneration of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and epithelium. The intestinal organoid model of IBD was constructed utilizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α for subsequent function analysis in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to decipher the underlying mechanism and Wnt-C59, an oral Wnt inhibitor, was used to confirm that further. Finally, the potential specific components of hucMSC‑exo were investigated based on several existing miRNA expression datasets. Results HucMSC-exo showed striking potential for mucosal healing in colitis mice, characterized by decreased histopathological injuries and neutrophil infiltration as well as improved epithelial integrity. HucMSC-exo up-regulated the expression of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a specific marker for ISCs and accelerated the proliferation of intestinal epithelium. HucMSC-exo endowed intestinal organoids with more excellent capacity to grow and bud under TNF-α stimulation. More than that, the fact that hucMSC-exo activated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to promote mucosal healing was uncovered by not only RNA-sequencing but also relevant experimental data. Finally, bioinformatics analysis of the existing miRNA expression datasets indicated that several miRNAs abundant in hucMSC-exo involved widely in regeneration or repair related biological processes and Wnt signaling pathway might be one of the most important signal transduction pathways. Conclusion Our results suggested that hucMSC-exo could facilitate mucosal healing in experimental colitis by accelerating ISCs and intestinal epithelium regeneration via transferring key miRNAs, which was dependent on the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
The Probability Density Function of Rain Rate and the Estimation of Rainfall by Area Integrals

Abstract A database on the rain rate collected with disdrometers at various sites located from the middle to tropical latitudes is used to analyze the variations of the parameters of the probability density function of rain rate P(R). Experimental evidence shows that 〈R〉, the area-average rain rate, and F(τ), the fractional area occupied by rain rate exceeding a fixed threshold τ, are highly linearly related; that is, 〈R〉 = S(τ)F(τ), with R > τ. From the values of P(R), the variations of the proportionality factor S(τ) are computed. The P(R) can be represented by a lognormal distribution; the parameters of that distribution, the average mR and the variance σ2R, are shown to be very tightly linked by the relation σ2R = 5m2R. This is one of the reasons for the stability of S(τ). Using this relation, analytical expressions of P(R) and S(τ) as functions of mR only are proposed. Varying the integration time used for R measurements between 1 and 5 min does not significantly modify the parameters of P(R) or the .
Sensitive Timing: A Reappraisal of Chronobiology’s Foundational Texts

The origin of experimental chronobiology can be traced to observations made in the 18th and 19th centuries on the sensitive plant Mimosa, which were described in two seminal reports: Jean-Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan’s “Observation Botanique” (A Botanical Observation) and Augustin Pyramus de Candolle’s “Du sommeil des feuilles” (On the sleep of leaves). Both report observations of the striking daily closing and opening of Mimosa leaves in controlled environments. This review presents translations of both texts with the aim of staying as faithful as possible to the original French texts. We also present the historical context in which these texts were written and link them to subsequent experiments that aimed at testing the veracity of their central conclusions. In particular, we definitely establish that Mairan himself presented his work to the French Royal Academy of Sciences, while the published report of his observation was authored by Fontenelle, the Secretary of the Academy. In addition, we offer a translation of Mairan’s own presentation, based on the hand-written minutes of the academy. Finally, we discuss the decades of work on plant rhythms that laid the foundation for modern experimental chronobiology, including translations and discussion of the insightful and prescient reports by Charles François de Cisternay Dufay, Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Johann Gottfried Zinn, and Wilhelm Pfeffer, which describe their efforts to reproduce and extend Mairan’s pioneering observations.
Resource Use Efficiency in Small Scale Cowpea Production System in Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria

The study examined the Resource use efficiency in cowpea production in Dawakin Kudu local Government area of Kano State, Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used in the study in which Dawakin Kudu local government area was purposively selected and six villages including Dawaki, Dosan, Tsakuwa, Sarai and Tamburawa were selected using the same procedure. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select 15 small scale cowpea producers in each village making a total sample size of 90 respondents. The data for the study were collected using of structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budget model and multiple regression model. The results of the analyses revealed that majority (53.9%) of respondents were between the ages of 21-40 years. Also 47.7% had informal quranic education while 86.2% were males. Respondents who had 2-10 years of experience in cowpea production constituted 53% while 65% had household size of 2-10 persons and majority (56.9%) had 0.1-1 ha of land. The average total variable cost, total revenue and gross margin per hectare for cowpea production were N 22, 716, N 47, 019.3 and N 24, 303.3 respectively The result from the multiple regression analysis revealed that double-log function gave the best fit with R 2 of 79.5% and the regression coefficients with respect to farm size, seed and fertilizer were positive and significant while chemical and labour were not significant. Almost all the resources used were over-utilized with only fertilizer which was under-utilized. Incidence of pest and disease, high cost of fertilizer and chemical, problem of flooding and high cost of labour were the major problem affecting cowpea production in the study area . Resource adjustment, provision of extension services, formation of more farmer cooperative societies were recommended.
Catechins and Proanthocyanidins Involvement in Metabolic Syndrome

Recent studies on natural antioxidant compounds have highlighted their potentiality against various pathological conditions. The present review aims to selectively evaluate the benefits of catechins and their polymeric structure on metabolic syndrome, a common disorder characterized by a cluster of three main risk factors: obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Patients with metabolic syndrome suffer chronic low inflammation state and oxidative stress both conditions effectively countered by flavanols and their polymers. The mechanism behind the activity of these molecules has been highlighted and correlated with the characteristic features present on their basic flavonoidic skelethon, as well as the efficient doses needed to perform their activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The amount of evidence provided in this review offers a starting point for flavanol dietary supplementation as a potential strategy to counteract several metabolic targets associated with metabolic syndrome and suggests a key role of albumin as flavanol-delivery system to the different target of action inside the organism.
Evidence for a solar cycle influence on the infrared energy budget and radiative cooling of the thermosphere

[1] We present direct observational evidence for solar cycle influence on the infrared energy budget and radiative cooling of the thermosphere. By analyzing nearly five years of data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument, we show that the annual mean infrared power radiated by the nitric oxide (NO) molecule at 5.3 μm has decreased by a factor of 2.9. This decrease is correlated (r = 0.96) with the decrease in the annual mean F10.7 solar index. Despite the sharp decrease in radiated power (which is equivalent to a decrease in the vertical integrated radiative cooling rate), the variability of the power as given in the standard deviation of the annual means remains approximately constant. A simple relationship is shown to exist between the infrared power radiated by NO and the F10.7 index, thus providing a fundamental relationship between solar activity and the thermospheric cooling rate for use in thermospheric models. The change in NO radiated power is also consistent with changes in absorbed ultraviolet radiation over the same time period. Computations of radiated power using an empirical model show much less variability than observed by SABER.
Alloy Disordering Effects on the Thermal Conductivity and Energy Gap Temperature Dependence of Cd1−xZnxSe Ternary Crystals Grown by the Bridgman Method

Investigated in this work, Cd1−xZnxSe-mixed ternary compounds were grown by the Bridgman method. Several compounds with zinc content varying in the range 0 < x < 1 were produced between two binary parents, CdSe and ZnSe crystals. Using the SEM/EDS technique, the accurate composition of formed crystals was determined along the growth axis. Thanks to that, the grown crystals’ axial and radial uniformity were determined. Characterization of the optical and thermal properties was undertaken. The energy gap was measured using photoluminescence spectroscopy for different compositions and temperatures. The bowing parameter describing the behavior of the fundamental gap with composition for this compound was found to be 0.416 ± 0.06. The thermal characteristics of grown Cd1−xZnxSe alloys were systematically studied. The thermal diffusivity and effusivity of the crystals under investigation were experimentally determined, allowing the calculation of the thermal conductivity. We applied the semi-empirical model that Sadao Adachi developed to analyze the results. Thanks to that, it was possible to estimate the contribution arising from chemical disorder to the crystal’s total resistivity.
Social identities and deadlocked debates on nuclear energy policy

ABSTRACT Since the security of energy supply in Europe is at stake, the debate on energy sources prominently took hold on the agenda of European countries. Nuclear energy is one of the issues on this agenda. However, nuclear energy is discussed quite differently in Germany and France, although the two countries both experienced strong public protest in the 1970s and are similar in size, economy, industry and culture. By comparing the two, this article analyses the reasons for the different debates on nuclear energy existent in Germany and France. It argues that stances on nuclear energy form the core of social identities that prevent members of these groups to deviate from the group norm. The relevance of certain types of identities is a function of the institutions of the political system. To change the way energy sources are discussed, it is necessary to create or make salient different group identities.
Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Inherited Retinal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that may be complicated by several vitreoretinal conditions requiring a surgical approach. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) stands as a valuable treatment option in these cases, but its application in eyes with such severely impaired chorioretinal architectures remains controversial. Furthermore, the spreading of gene therapy and the increasing use of retinal prostheses will end up in a marked increase in demand for PPV surgery for IRD patients. The retinal degeneration that typically affects patients with hereditary retinal disorders may influence the execution of the surgery and the expected results. Considering the importance of PPV application in IRD-related complications, it is fundamental to try to understand from the literature what is adequate and safe in posterior eye segment surgery. Use of dyes, light toxicity, and risk of wounding scar development have always been themes that discourage the execution of vitreoretinal surgery in already impaired eyes. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively summarize all PPV applications in different IRDs, highlighting the favorable results as well as the potential precautions to consider when performing vitreoretinal surgery in these eyes.
Detection of Application-Layer DDoS Attacks Produced by Various Freely Accessible Toolkits Using Machine Learning

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a growing threat to online services, and various methods have been developed to detect them. However, past research has mainly focused on identifying attack patterns and types, without specifically addressing the role of freely available DDoS attack tools in the escalation of these attacks. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the impact of the easy availability of DDoS attack tools on the frequency and severity of attacks. In this paper, a machine learning solution to detect DDoS attacks is proposed, which employs a feature selection technique to enhance its speed and efficiency, resulting in a substantial reduction in the feature subset. The provided evaluation metrics demonstrate that the model has a high accuracy level of 99.9%, a precision score of 96%, a recall score of 98%, and an F1 score of 97%. Moreover, the examination found that by utilizing a deliberate approach for feature selection, our model’s efficacy was massively raised.
Additive properties of dense subsets of sifted sequences

In this paper we show that if A is a subset of the primes with positive lower relative density then A +A must have positive lower density at least C1= log log(1= ) in the natural numbers. Our argument uses the techniques developed by the author and I.Ruzsa in their work on additive properties of dense subsequences of suciently sifted sequences. The result is optimal and improves on recent work of K.Chipeniuk & M.Hamel. We continue by proving several similar results, by successively replacing the sequence of primes by the sequence of sums of two squares, by the sequence of those integers n that are such that n and n + 1 are both a sum of two squares and nally by the sequence of primes p that are such that p + 1 is a sum of two squares. The second part of this paper contains a heuristical argument that leads to several conjectures concerning the existence of k-term arithmetic progressions within these sequences. We conclude with some conjectures belonging to the Ramsey part of additive number theory.
Comparison of admission GCS score to admission GCS-P and FOUR scores for prediction of outcomes among patients with traumatic brain injury in the intensive care unit in India

Background This study aimed to determine the predictive power of the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale Pupil (GCS-P) score in determining outcomes for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to evaluate patients at 1 month and 6 months after the injury. Methods We conducted a 15-month prospective observational study. It included 50 TBI patients admitted to the ICU who met our inclusion criteria. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient to relate coma scales and outcome measures. The predictive value of these scales was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calculating the area under the curve with a 99% confidence interval. All hypotheses were two-tailed, and significance was defined as P<0.01. Results In the present study, the GCS-P and FOUR scores among all patients on admission as well as in the subset of patients who were mechanically ventilated were statistically significant and strongly correlated with patient outcomes. The correlation coefficient of the GCS score compared to GCS-P and FOUR scores was higher and statistically significant. The areas under the ROC curve for the GCS, GCS-P, and FOUR scores and the number of computed tomography abnormalities were 0.912, 0.905, 0.937, and 0.324, respectively. Conclusions The GCS, GCS-P, and FOUR scores are all excellent predictors with a strong positive linear correlation with final outcome prediction. In particular, the GCS score has the best correlation with final outcome.
Learning Satisfaction with Online Teaching Video Cases Among Pre-Service Preschool Teachers in China

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Online Teaching Video Cases (OTVCs) are an increasingly utilized digital learning resource for training pre-service preschool teachers (PPTs). This study employed an integrated framework integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) to examine the factors that influence PPTs’ perceived learning performance and satisfaction, as well as the interactive relationships among these factors. Survey participants (N = 269) were randomly sampled from seven normal universities and colleges in Shandong province (China). A partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was used to test the study’s hypotheses. The findings of this study demonstrate that the actual usage of OTVCs significantly affects PPTs’ learning performance and subsequent learning satisfaction, which in turn is directly influenced by expectation confirmation and learning performance. Practice or Policy: As such, this study highlights the potential of OTVCs as an effective digital learning resource for PPTs. The proposed framework combining TAM and ECM can largely explain PPTs’ learning satisfaction with OTVCs. Teacher educators are encouraged to provide PPTs with applicable video-based instructional cases to optimize their learning experiences.
Dia- and paramagnetism for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields

Diamagnetism of the magnetic Schrodinger operator and paramagnetism of the Pauli operator are rigorously proven for nonhomogeneous magnetic fields in the large field, in the large temperature and in the semiclassical asymptotic regimes. New counterexamples are presented which show that neither dia- nor paramagnetism is true in a robust sense (without asymptotics). In particular, we demonstrate that the recent diamagnetic comparison result by Loss and Thaller [M. Loss and B. Thaller, Commun. Math. Phys. (submitted)] is essentially the best one can hope for.
Transition and Stability of High-Speed Boundary Layers

This article reviews stability and laminar-turbulent transition in high-speed boundary-layer flows, emphasizing qualitative features of the disturbance spectrum leading to new mechanisms of receptivity and instability. It is shown that the extension of subsonic and low-supersonic stability concepts and transition prediction methods to hypersonic speeds is not straightforward. The discussion focuses on theoretical models providing insights into the physics of instability and helping make proper decisions on transition control strategies.
Structure Theorems for Riemann and Topological Surfaces

The classification theorem of compact surfaces states that every topological orientable compact surface is homeomorphic to a sphere or to a ‘torus’ of genus g, with g=1,2,…. It is proved in the paper that every hyperbolic Riemann surface except for D\{0} can be decomposed into basic pieces of only a few different types: Y‐pieces, funnels and half‐disks. As a corollary of this result, the generalization of the classification theorem to non‐compact surfaces is obtained.