Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Navigation using Carrier Doppler Shift from a LEO Constellation: TRANSIT on Steroids

A new global navigation system concept is studied that relies entirely on carrier Doppler shift measurements from the downlink signals of a large LEO constellation. This system seeks to provide a back-up or alternative to existing pseudorange-based MEO GNSS by exploiting the large LEO constellations that are currently being planned or fielded, constellations such as Starlink, OneWeb, and Kuiper. The navigation concept is based on a high-fidelity model of the received carrier Doppler shift. This model is used to develop a point-solution nonlinear least-squares batch filter that simultaneously estimates 8 unknowns: the 3 components of the position vector, the receiver clock offset, the 3 components of the velocity vector, and the receiver clock offset rate. The filter must use 8 or more measured carrier Doppler shifts in its least-squares fit in order to make its 8 unknowns observable. A generalized GDOP analysis has been developed for this system. It indicates that absolute position accuracies on the order of 1-5 meters and absolute velocity accuracies on the order of 0.01 to 0.05 m/sec may be achievable if the range-rate precision of the carrier Doppler shift measurements is 0.01 m/sec. These accuracies are comparable to current pseudorange-based GNSS. Clock offset accuracy is on the order of 0.0001 to 0.0010 sec 1-? , which is orders of magnitude poorer than current pseudorange-based GNSS. This degraded clock accuracy occurs because clock error standard deviation is inversely proportional to the maximum range acceleration between the satellites and the receiver. Batch filter point-solution results for truth-model simulation data confirm the conclusions of the GDOP analysis. One set of truth-model simulations considers the effects of satellite ephemeris and clock frequency errors. They indicate that good performance can be achieved with 1-? ephemeris errors of 2 m in position and 0.002 m/sec in velocity and with 1-? transmitter clock frequency errors of 3.3×10? 11 seconds/second. This level of transmitter clock stability could be achieved with a high quality quartz oscillator, thereby obviating any need for the satellites to carry atomic clocks or to use GPS disciplining of their oscillators.
Population-based blood screening for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease in a British birth cohort at age 70

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease has a preclinical stage when cerebral amyloid-β deposition occurs before symptoms emerge, and when amyloid-β-targeted therapies may have maximum benefits. Existing amyloid-β status measurement techniques, including amyloid PET and CSF testing, are difficult to deploy at scale, so blood biomarkers are increasingly considered for screening. We compared three different blood-based techniques—liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry measures of plasma amyloid-β, and single molecule array (Simoa) measures of plasma amyloid-β and phospho-tau181—to detect cortical 18F-florbetapir amyloid PET positivity (defined as a standardized uptake value ratio of >0.61 between a predefined cortical region of interest and eroded subcortical white matter) in dementia-free members of Insight 46, a substudy of the population-based British 1946 birth cohort. We used logistic regression models with blood biomarkers as predictors of amyloid PET status, with or without age, sex and APOE ε4 carrier status as covariates. We generated receiver operating characteristics curves and quantified areas under the curves to compare the concordance of the different blood tests with amyloid PET. We determined blood test cut-off points using Youden’s index, then estimated numbers needed to screen to obtain 100 amyloid PET-positive individuals. Of the 502 individuals assessed, 441 dementia-free individuals with complete data were included; 82 (18.6%) were amyloid PET-positive. The area under the curve for amyloid PET status using a base model comprising age, sex and APOE ε4 carrier status was 0.695 (95% confidence interval: 0.628–0.762). The two best-performing Simoa plasma biomarkers were amyloid-β42/40 (0.620; 0.548–0.691) and phospho-tau181 (0.707; 0.646–0.768), but neither outperformed the base model. Mass spectrometry plasma measures performed significantly better than any other measure (amyloid-β1-42/1-40: 0.817; 0.770–0.864 and amyloid-β composite: 0.820; 0.775–0.866). At a cut-off point of 0.095, mass spectrometry measures of amyloid-β1-42/1-40 detected amyloid PET positivity with 86.6% sensitivity and 71.9% specificity. Without screening, to obtain 100 PET-positive individuals from a population with similar amyloid PET positivity prevalence to Insight 46, 543 PET scans would need to be performed. Screening using age, sex and APOE ε4 status would require 940 individuals, of whom 266 would proceed to scan. Using mass spectrometry amyloid-β1-42/1-40 alone would reduce these numbers to 623 individuals and 243 individuals, respectively. Across a theoretical range of amyloid PET positivity prevalence of 10–50%, mass spectrometry measures of amyloid-β1-42/1-40 would consistently reduce the numbers proceeding to scans, with greater cost savings demonstrated at lower prevalence.
Learning Activities for Social Skills in Elementary School

The 21st-century skill that guides a person to achieve success in his social life is social skill. This study aims to describe learning that influences the social skills of elementary school students. Social skill indicators include cooperation, assertion, responsibility, empathy, and self-control. Qualitative research method with a case study approach was employed. The subjects involved the students, teachers, and school principals at Bengawan Solo Nature School. The sampling technique was purposive. The data collection techniques were in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document studies. Then, they were analyzed into stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results show that (1) lesson planning must involve students, be guided by the national and school curriculum, and the teacher must also have broad insights to develop learning materials that raise the themes of social environment; (2) learning implementation must have diverse methods, models, media, and the sources of student learning must involve parents and provide diverse activities such as outbound, market day, backpacking, social service, social projects, and counseling; and (3) for learning evaluation, various methods of evaluation and various assessment instruments are used to assess cognitive aspects, affective aspects, and skill aspects comprehensively. It concludes that learning at Bengawan Solo Nature School influences the development of students' social skills.
Deduction of Chemical Mechanisms from the Linear Response around Steady State

The determination of abstract models of complex chemical mechanisms from the analysis of the experimental time series of the concentration of species is a topic of undoubted interest. Doing so from time series in the linear regime offers certain advantages because the equations of evolution can be easily retrieved. This contrasts with the much greater ambiguity associated to the corresponding process in the nonlinear regime. However, until presently, the procedure has not been formalized, and known methods of inference of the mechanism still rely too much on guess. The aim of the present article is to remedy to this problem by offering a systematic procedure for carrying out the deduction of the mechanism within the framework of the law of mass action. The number of independent steps and actual values of both the stoichiometric coefficients and of the rate constants are calculated from the linear equations governing the time response of chemical species to a small pulse perturbation of the steady state. Also, the deduction of these linear equations from that same response is outlined.
Investigating Financial Statement Fraud in Ghana using Beneish M-Score: A Case of Listed Companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE)

This quantitative research was conducted to detect the possibility of earnings manipulation by listed companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange, determine the relationship between company size and earnings manipulation and find out the existence of a correlation between share price and earnings manipulation. Using 22 companies out of a total of 41 listed companies, financial data gathered from published financial statements on the companies’ websites, Ghana Stock Exchange website and Annual Report Ghana website were examined from 2011 to 2016. Applying Beneish M-score model for the period 2011-2016, it was found that 26.2% of the sample size on the average were involved in creative accounting. The study also found that 28.4% of the small companies on the average were involved in earnings manipulation during the period 2011-2016 as compared to 25.4% of the big companies. However, the Mann-Whitney U test conducted revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between the level of earnings manipulation and company size. Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted, firstly, on the entire sample and separately on the small and big companies. The results of the analysis showed that earnings manipulation and share price, statistically, were not significantly correlated. The quantitative research provides an insight into the level of earnings management amongst listed companies in Ghana and the appropriateness of the M-score model in detecting earnings manipulation. The evidence of incidence of creative accounting amongst the sampled companies is an indication of the need for more stringent measures to curb such practice to ensure the stability of the Ghanaian stock market and protect investor interest.
Studies of polymer–polymer solubility using a two-dimensional solubility parameter approach

The two-dimensional solubility parameter approach has been applied to the prediction of solubility of one polymer in another. The solubility parameters of a number of polymers have been calculated and the second dimension shown to improve the agreement between the calculated solubility and that measured using a ternary solution technique. The method proved most useful for predicting the effect of small structural modifications on solubility, and several examples of changing solubility, monitored by calculations and measurements, are given. Structural modifications included copolymer ratio variations and substitutions to affect polymer density or reduce polarity of functional groups. The effects of temperature and molecular weight on solubility are discussed in terms of regular solution theory, which could not account for the decrease in solubilities with increased temperature observed for several polymer–polymer systems.
Effect of shading and hydrothermal aging on optical properties of partially and fully stabilized zirconia

Statement of problem: Zirconia undergoes phase transformation due to low temperature degradation LTD which could deteriorate its optical properties. Objectives: Current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of shading and hydrothermal aging on optical properties of partially and fully stabilized zirconia. Materials and methods: Two commercially available zirconia products, high-translucent PSZ (Prettau®, Zirkonzahn) and ultra-translucent FSZ (Prettau®, Anterior, Zirkonzahn) were assessed. 80 disc shaped specimens (12×1 mm) were prepared; half of the specimens were shaded using acid-free coloring solution. Half of the specimens were subjected to accelerated aging using autoclave (134°c at 2 MPa) for 5 hours. The specimens were divided into 4 subgroups. Non-shaded, non-aged (control), (non-shaded, aged group), (shaded, non-aged group) and (shaded, aged group). Contrast ratio CR and translucency parameter TP were evaluated in each subgroup using reflective spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to measure the amount of tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation. Microstructural analysis was evaluated using atomic force microscope. SPSS program was used to evaluate the data (P≤0.05). Results: FSZ recorded higher translucency parameter and lower contrast ratio than PSZ; which were significantly affected by shading and aging in all subgroups except for non-shaded aged subgroups of PSZ. Conclusions: Shading and aging induced tetragonal to monoclinic transformation in PSZ and FSZ which lead to changes in their optical properties.
Variability in Soil Aggregation and Depth Distribution of Aggregate Associated Organic Carbon Fractions Relevance to Different Agricultural Practices in Agro-ecosystems of North-West India: A Review

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com Soil aggregates and organic matter are considered to be important indicators of soil quality. The objective of this review study was to determine agricultural practices effects on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) associated with aggregate-size fractions. Depth distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions depends on the efficiency of agro‐ technical managements. The SOC stocks to 1-m depth were 172.3 Mg C ha under Forest and the lowest 89.3 Mg C ha −1 under home-garden. No significant differences were noted in SOC within the silt + clay fraction (< 53 μm) beyond 60 cm depth under Forest and other shaded AFS. Moreover, depth, aggregate size and treatment had significant interaction effects on SOC stocks. The reports show that deep rooted, crop-based systems, have higher total soil C stocks and more C in the smallest (< 53 μm) soil fractions indicating the recalcitrant (longer-term storage) nature of C and implying consequent ecosystem benefit of reduced chances for soil C release back to the atmosphere. Moreover, the mean stratification ratio (SR) (i.e. a ratio of the concentrations of SOC in the soil surface to those in a deeper layer) of SOC for 0–5:5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–25 and 25–30 cm were found higher (> 2) under CA practices compared to intensive tillage-based conventional agricultural practice. The fractions of aggregates, aggregate SOC and aggregate EOC in grassland and forestland were generally higher than those in farmland. Furthermore, because conventional cultivation destroyed aggregates, the dominant aggregate size fractions were < 0.5 mm for farmland and > 0.5 mm for other land uses. Compared to the corresponding values in farmland, the mean weight diameter (MWD) in forestland and grassland increased by 808%–417%, and the stability ratio of water-stable aggregate (WSAR) increased by 920%–553%. Aggregate formation and its dominant size fraction were associated closely with its carbon fractions. SOC and EOC in farmland tended to be concentrated in smaller-sized aggregates, whereas SOC and EOC under other land uses tended to concentrate in larger-sized aggregates. The MBC concentration was the highest in minimum tillage (MT) system, at 15 to 30‐ cm depth and PMC concentration was highest with MT at 45–60 cm. The highest DOC was at 0 to 15‐ cm depth. The highest stratification ratio (SR) of PMC was under MT with at 0–15:15–30 and POC was under tine cultivator (TC) and moldboard plow (MP) at depths of 0–15:45– 60 cm. The highest SR for DOC was under MP at 0–15:45–60 cm and HCl insoluble C was under MT at 0–15:45–60. In broad‐ spectrum, labile organic fractions revealed differential sensitivity, and POC stocks are also a sensitive indicator to detect the shortmanagement effects. K e y w o r d s
Short Communication: Genetic variation of Coelogyne pandurate, C. rumphii and their hybrids based on RAPD markers

Hartati S, Muliawati ES. 2020. Short Communication: Genetic variation of Coelogyne pandurata, C. rumphii and their hybrids based on RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4709-4713. One effort to increase the genetic diversity of orchids is by crossing. This research aims to assess the genetic variation of Coelogyne pandurata, C. rumphii and their hybrids based on RAPD markers. In this research, both parents were analyzed in three replications, while the hybrid was done in 10 replications. The study was conducted by analyzing DNA bands using RAPD markers with six primers, i.e. OPA 02, OPA 07, OPA 13, OPB 12, OPB 17, and OPD 08. Identification of the parents and their F1 hybrids showed 95.83% polymorphic bands with 43 bands measuring 200-2100 bp. The parents of ♂C. pandurata, ♀C. rumphii, and their hybrids presented a similarity range of 0.16-1.00. The dendrogram generated by the UPGMA cluster analysis separated the parents and hybrids in two large clusters, i.e. the first cluster consisted only of C. pandurata and the second cluster consisted of C. rumphii, together with all hybrid individuals. It means that the hybrids of the crossing of ♀C. rumphii and ♂C. pandurata follow the parent ♀C. rumphii.
The Impact of Factors FormingEmployee Service Attitude on Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in the Hotel Industry

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of hotel employees’ service attitude on service quality and examines the relationships among hotel employees’ service attitude, service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was administered to hotel employees in Tianjin, China. Factor analysis and regression analysis were used to test the effects and the relationships. Findings: Results show that emotional intelligence and role clarity have significant effects on service quality and customer satisfaction. However, job satisfaction does not, which is quite different from previous studies observed other than hotel employees in Tianjin, China. It means job satisfaction for the hotel employee in this region is just a factor of basic requirement to work, not a factor of improving service quality. This study also finds that service quality and customer satisfaction have a significant influence on customer loyalty. Research limitations/implications: This study was limited to hotel employees in Tianjin, China. This study concludes that hotel management needs to be more attentive to employees’ emotional intelligence and role clarity in order to attract or retain loyal customers and keep them satisfied. Originality/value: This study identified the relationship between employees’ service attitude and service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty. Knowledge of these relationships can guide managers in China’s new hotel market.
Dormancy of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth seeds

The degree of maturity of fruits and seeds can influence the establishment of seed dormancy. Thus, the present study aimed to verify whether dormancy of B. virgilioides seeds depends on the degree of fruit maturity. Two ex­periments were carried out: in the first one, fruits at two maturity stages (green and brown) were collected from seven plants located in the municipality of Conceicao da Feira, BA, Brazil. Germination tests were conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with two levels of fruit maturity (yellowish green with purple edges and brown with blackish spots) and two treatments related to dormancy overcoming (without over­coming and with overcoming). For the second experiment, darkened fruits were collected from three plants located in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. Germination tests were conducted according to a com­pletely randomized design with two treatments, seeds with and without dormancy overcoming. Dormancy in B. virgilioides seeds depends on the degree of fruit maturity. Dormancy occurs after the seventh week of floral anthesis when the fruits are predominantly black, dry and brittle.
Determinants of Colostrum Avoidance among Postpartum Mothers in North West Ethiopia

Background & aim: Colostrum feeding has a significant health benefit for neonates and infants, particularly in low-income countries, such as Ethiopia which has greater magnitudes of child starvation and mortality. However, colostrum is not given to newborns in the area under study for a various socio-cultural reasons and misconceptions. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the determinant of colostrum avoidance among postpartum mothers in Ethiopia. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was performed in Debre Tabor General Hospital, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia, from January 2 to June 28, 2019. A total of 437 postpartum mothers who had a child ≤ 6 weeks of age were included in this study. A systematic random sampling method was applied, and an interviewer administered the structured questionnaires to collect the data. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 23) using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence rate of colostrum avoidance was found to be 10.5%. According to the results, the determinants of colostrum avoidance were postpartum mothers with non-formal educational status [AOR=3.1, 95%C1=1.51-6.32], rural residency [AOR =5.2, 95%Cl =2.60-10.40], primiparity [AOR =5.1, 95%Cl =2.30-11.57], and lack of receiving counseling about breastfeeding during antenatal care [AOR =2.6, 95%Cl =1.32-5.47]. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of colostrum avoidance was low in Debre Tabor General Hospital, compared to the results of other studies. Nevertheless, it is recommended to give routine and detailed counseling about breastfeeding during antennal care to decrease colostrum avoidance.
An Impact of Technological Adoption and Leadership in Data Analysis

Technological adoption refers to the degree to which people adopt technology and innovations. Technological leadership refers to the concept that a leader increases the awareness about technology and innovations. E-government means the use of new technology in the provision of services provided and other information management systems from government to its citizens. The motive of this study is to identify the impact of technological adoption and technological leadership on the usage of an emerging concept, e-government in ASEAN countries. Other than that, two control variables i.e. literacy rate and population of a country have also been used for study purpose. Literature from the past is very significant in this regard and has been discussed in earlier section of the paper. The research has been conducted by collecting data about the concerned variables from various ASEAN countries for 30 years from. The application of several tests and approaches showed that the two major hypotheses of this study have been accepted. In addition, the impact of one control variable, literacy rate has also been accepted. However, the impact of other control variable i.e. population of the country has been rejected. This study is very important in theoretical, practical and policy making context.
ANTISPASMODIC ACTIONS OF THE LEAVES OF DANIELLIA OLIVERI

The leaves of the plant Daniellia oliveri are usually prescribed traditionally in northern Nigeria for varieties of gastrointestinal complaints. The antispasmodic activity of the n-butanol soluble part of the aqueous portion of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in vitro on isolated guinea pig ileum against three spasmogen; Acetylcholine, Histamine and Barium chloride, and on isolated rabbit jejunum against acetylcholine and Barium chloride. The median inhibitory concentrations of the leaf on agonist were determined. Acute toxicity studies shows that the extract is relatively safe. Key Words: Daniella oliveri, Fabaceae, leaves, antispasmodic activity, acetylcholine, histamine, BaCl. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine Vol.7 2003: 13-15