Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A fauna de califorídeos e sarcofagídeos (Insecta, Diptera) das matas e clareiras com diferentes coberturas vegetais da base de extração petrolífera, Bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas

Este trabalho foi realizado na base de extracao petrolifera, bacia do rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas, nos meses de abril, junho e outubro de 2007, em 16 areas, sendo 12 de clareiras e quatro de matas, categorizadas em quatro ambientes (C1,C2,C3 e MT) conforme o tipo de cobertura vegetal. O objetivo do mesmo foi estudar a composicao, abundância, riqueza e diversidade de Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) como tambem avaliar a possibilidade destes taxons serem utilizados como parâmetros para avaliacao do estado de recuperacao vegetal das areas de clareiras. Foram coletados 7.215 califorideos (tres subfamilias, oito generos e 16 especies), sendo que as especies Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy,1830) (88,06%) e Paralucilia adespota Dear,1985 (4,35%) foram as mais abundantes. Os padroes de abundância de califorideos nao diferiram entre os ambientes, porem os ambientes foram distintos em relacao a riqueza estimada e diversidade, formando dois grupos (C1-C2) e (C3-MT). A analise de ordenacao (escalonamento multidimensional nao-metrico) demonstrou que os ambientes diferiram entre si, como tambem uma maior semelhanca entre C1-C2 e entre C3-MT, em relacao a estrutura de comunidades de califorideos. Na familia Sarcophagidae foram coletados 3.547 especimes, distribuidos em 10 generos, 6 subgeneros e 23 especies, sendo que as especies Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann,1830) (47,05%) e Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann,1830) (19,11%) foram as mais abundantes. Nesta familia os padroes de abundância, riqueza estimada e diversidade diferiram entre os ambientes e separaram os mesmos em dois grupos, um de clareiras (C1,C2 e C3) e o outro de mata (MT). A analise de ordenacao (escalonamento multidimensional nao-metrico) demonstrou uma separacao entre a fauna de sarcofagideos das clareiras e das matas. A cobertura de dossel influenciou nos padroes de abundância da especie Eumesembrinella randa (Walker, 1849) e de riqueza estimada de califorideos. Na familia Sarcophagidae apenas a abundância da especie Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker,1861) foi maior nos ambientes com maiores porcentagens de coberturas de dossel. A abundância das especies Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner,1868), O. fringidea (Curran & Walley,1934), O. thornax (Walker,1849), P. (P.) chrysostoma e S. lambens apresentaram uma relacao linear negativa com a cobertura de dossel. Estes resultados indicam a possibilidade do uso destes padroes como parâmetros na avaliacao de mudanca na estrutura da vegetacao.
Variation of density and growth ring width in stems of Sitka and Norway spruce

The variation with height and radial distance from the pith of basic density and ring width has been determined in stems of 48-year-old Sitka and Norway spruce planted at two spacings at Durris, Kincardineshire. The pattern of radial variation of density was broadly similar at all heights: high near the pith, falling to a minimum and then a gradual increase. The mean whole-stem densities were significantly different at the two spacings in Sitka but not in Norway spruce. Density at breast height was inversely correlated with ring width, strongly in Sitka but weakly in Norway spruce. The density/ ring width regression equation for outer wood in Sitka spruce at age 48 differed from that at age 31. In Norway spruce a high correlation was found between whole-stem density and the density of rings 16–25 at breast height.
Environmental temperatures, artificial nests, and incubation of Cassin's auklet

Hatching success in birds is influenced by the temperature and turning rate of the egg, but our understanding of the environmental factors that effect incubation temperatures and egg turning rates in birds is limited. Especially little is known of these effects for species that nest in burrows or crevices, such as the Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus). On Southeast Farallon Island, California, USA, a subset of the Cassin's auklet (hereafter auklet) population nest in artificial nest boxes. The nest boxes are above ground and made out of a single layer of plywood. Temperatures in unshaded nest boxes can increase significantly with high ambient temperatures (to >35° C). Shaded structures put on top of occupied nest boxes help mediate nest box temperatures, but the effects of elevated temperatures on auklet incubation behaviors and egg viability remain equivocal. We used egg data loggers to measure the temperatures and turning rates of auklet eggs in natural burrows, shaded nest boxes, and unshaded nest boxes on Southeast Farallon Island. Nest box (13.93 ± 1.26° C) and egg (37.43 ± 1.92° C) temperatures were highest and most variable in unshaded nest boxes. Mean hourly egg turning rate was 2.11 ± 2.02 turns/hour and turning rates were greater at night. Egg turning rates also varied with fluctuating nest and egg temperatures, being positively correlated with nest temperatures during the day and negatively correlated with egg temperatures during the night. Our results suggest that nest box design can influence incubation behaviors of breeding birds. As seasonal temperatures and the number of extreme heat events rise, understanding the impacts of temperature on auklets nesting in artificial nests can have positive implications for conservation and management of the species, such as implementing improved artificial nest box designs to prevent overheating of burrow nesting seabirds. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Supporting the Literacy Development of Striving Readers through Competing Theoretical Perspectives

In this paper, we present educators with the theoretical underpinnings of competing pedagogical approaches to literacy instruction. Given the recent push by many states to universally screen students in the early grades for dyslexia and institute phonics-only standards, we seek to reiterate the importance of a balanced approach. Our purpose is to explain how two contrasting orientations regarding the reading process can together form a framework for providing the best literacy education possible for all students, especially striving readers. We explore both the cognitive information-processing and constructivist perspectives and examine prominent models and theories that inform each approach. Recent research showcasing effective instructional strategies that have emerged from both perspectives is presented, and practical ways that both perspectives find expression in effective classroom practice, including meaningful use of technology, are also delineated. Last, we provide explicit case studies illustrating what literacy support looks like when competing information-processing and constructivist perspectives are blended and how teachers can practically utilize dual approaches to support their most vulnerable students. We join our voices with those of other scholars who call on educators to embrace a holistic, balanced approach to literacy instruction that is informed by various perspectives in their effort to reach striving readers.
Escape in Space by Sterculia Apetala Seeds from the Bug Dysdercus Fasciatus in a Costa Rican Deciduous Forest

When a seed of the large tree Sterculia apetala falls to the ground beneath the parent tree in a Costa Rican tropical deciduous forest, it is typically found and fed upon within a few minutes by cotton—stainer bugs (Dysdercus fasciatus). The rate of seed discovery by the bugs is highest where the seed fall is most intense and tapers off to zero between 30 and 60 m from the tree trunk. Seeds that fall beneath the parent appear to have no chance of survival under forest conditions. Seeds in open pasture are not found by the bugs, but probably die of desiccation. The bugs are not present under sterile S. apetala trees. Squirrels and monkeys appear to be the primary dispersal agents; after carrying the pods away from the parent, they appear to lose some seeds because of their face and hands being stuck by the hairs on the inner walls of the seed pods. The coevolution of the Dysdercus—Sterculia—mammal interaction is discussed with respect to the effect of seed predators on the density of adult trees in the hab.
Cerambycidae Larval Host Condition Predicts Trap Efficiency

Abstract Insect traps of different designs should sample some species more effectively than others. I used three different traps to survey longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) at 43 locations throughout the state of Indiana to test the prediction that these traps would sample different assemblages of cerambycids. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that, while there was little difference between the assemblages sampled by Lindgren multiple funnel traps and Intercept panel traps, window traps caught quite different assemblages. Several species of cerambycids that showed differences in trap efficiencies seem to be differentially caught by different trap designs according to the nature of the larval host. These results can be used to plan monitoring according to the guild of the target beetles.
Structural characterization of a cell wall polysaccharide from Penicillium vermoesenii: chemotaxonomic application

The water-soluble polysaccharides (F1SS) obtained from the alkali extracts of the cell wall of two strains of Penicillium vermoesenii Biourge, Fusarium javanicum Koorders, Fusarium solani (Martius) Saccardo, and Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl represented 8.7 to 10.7% of the dry cell wall material. All polysaccharides were composed of galactose (22.0-27.4%), glucose (18.4-30.3%), mannose (7.8-23.1%), and glucuronic acid (3.0-6.0%, except in F. oxysporum that contained 16.8%). Methylation analysis and 1H-NMR spectra of the polysaccharides of these fungi were similar except for F. oxysporum, which showed a higher peak of glucuronic acid than of glucose. The chemical and structural analyses performed indicated that F1SS polysaccharides of the species studied have a skeleton of beta-(1–>6) galactofuranose, fully substituted at positions O-2 by a single residue of glucopyranose or by short side chains containing one glucuronic acid residue and beta-mannopyranose. This polysaccharide is linked to a mannose co.
Evaluating the evolution of Wikipedia’s navigability

P eople are regularly faced with tasks that can be seen as navigating information spaces in which they only get access to local and neighboring information, while lacking a global view of the network. The aim of this project is to study which properties of a network have the largest impact on navigability. We do not achieve this goal during the semester because most of the time has been spent to properly transform the original data to provide a ﬁnal dataset that can then be used in diﬀerent scenarios. So, we meticulously describe here all the processing phases we apply in order to produce such ﬁnal dataset. We also show some early results regarding the evolution of the properties underlying the Wikipedia network over time
A comparison of the floristics and leaf chemistry of the tree flora in two Malaysian rain forests and the influence of leaf chemistry on populations of colobine monkeys in the Old World

A comparative floristic survey of lowland tropical rain forest at Kuala Lompat, Krau Game Reserve, West Malaysia and at Sepilok Virgin Jungle Reserve, Sabah, East Malaysia, revealed significant differences in the composition of canopy species, notably in the relative paucity of Dipterocarpaceae and abundance of Leguminosae at Kuala Lompat. A further comparison with data from other sites in Malesia indicated that Kuala Lompat was rather atypical, representing an extreme example of the relatively legume rich and dipterocarp poor forests of West Malaysia. Conversely, the predominance of dipterocarps and lack of legumes at Sepilok was similar to other sites in Borneo. Young and mature leaves were collected from a representative sample of the canopy flora of the two study sites; the levels of nitrogen, fibre, total phenolics and condensed tannins, and degree of digestibility by cellulase and pepsin, were measured. Levels of fibre, nitrogen and phenolics differed significantly between the two floras; foliage from Kuala Lompat being, on the whole, richer in nitrogen but lower in phenolics and fibre. As a consequence of the lower levels of fibre, and less certainly of phenolics, the Kuala Lompat foliage was comparatively more digestible. Possible reasons for the differences in foliar biochemistry between the two sites are discussed. Differences in rainfall and in soil quality are regarded as potential evolutionary causes. A further comparison of the chemical profiles with data for other forests in India and Africa indicate that Sepilok is a site in which trees invest heavily in quantitative defences such as fibre and phenolics whereas trees at Kuala Lompat place a lower emphasis on the production of these. Finally, attention is drawn to the use of foliar chemical profiles in predicting the carrying capacity for colobine monkeys at each of the five Old World forests where data are available. It was found that the ratio of nitrogen to fibre correlated well with the biomass of colobines at the five sites.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Isolated from Mastitic Cows and Ewes in Egypt

3 Abstract: Streptococcal mastitis causes great economic losses in dairy industries allover the world. For humans, S. agalactiae is responsible for persistent disease in adults and neonates. The present study investigated the prevalence of streptococci in mastitic cows and ewes as well as, the antibiotic resistance patterns of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates. A total of 570 milk samples collected from cow (n=300) and ewes (n=270) were examined. Streptococcus species were isolated from cows (55 %) and ewes (50.4%). S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae S. uberis, S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae were isolated from the examined cow samples with incidence of 19.3, 17, 15.3, 2.7 and 0.7% respectively. Also, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae S. uberis, S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae were isolated from the examined ewes with incidence of 20.4, 15.9, 10.4, 2.6 and 1.1% respectively. The objective of this work was to characterize S. agalactiae isolated from mastitic cows and ewes by RAPD and antibiotic sensitivity test to detect the diversity of the isolates. S. agalactiae isolated from dairy cows and ewes was sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin and cefotaxime. Resistant to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and clindamycin was recorded among the examined S. agalactiae isolated from cows and ewes. The data indicated the existence of different RAPD patterns among the multidrug resistant S. agalactiae isolates.
How does a generalist seabird species use its marine habitat? The case of the kelp gull in a coastal upwelling area of the Humboldt Current

The distribution of kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) was studied by ship-based transect counts in the SE Pacific Ocean off Chile, South America. Some 96–98% of the kelp gulls were in a band less than 20 km from the coast, mainly near the breeding colony on Pajaros Island and the City of Coquimbo. Abundance did not change significantly among years, but was influenced significantly by distance to land. Principal component analysis yielded two components that jointly explain 53% of the standardized variance. The first (explaining 36% of the variance) includes distance to the nearest coast and water depth, the second (17%) associates with the presence of fishing vessels. The results suggest that the stability of the summer distribution of kelp gulls is generated by the large and semi-permanent offer of food at fish markets and city sewage works, as well as the location of the breeding colonies. Further analysis on other temporal scales (seasonal, decadal) associated with reproductive or non-reproductive changes within the population and/or ENSO cycles will be necessary to confirm the multiscale stability of the pattern described.
Impact of Transgenic VIP3A × Cry1Ab Lepidopteran-resistant Field Corn on the Nontarget Arthropod Community

Abstract A field experiment was conducted over 3 yr to assess the effects of transgenic field corn expressing stacked lepidopteran-active Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-derived VIP3A and Cry1Ab proteins on nontarget arthropods. Effects were compared with an isogenic conventional corn hybrid treated with a foliar insecticide and an isogenic control without insecticides. Plant inspections, pitfall traps, sticky cards, and emergence traps determined the abundance and diversity of plant, aerial, and surface-dwelling communities. More than 500,000 arthropods were enumerated, representing 203 taxonomic groups in 112 families and 13 orders. In terms of abundance, 70% of the arthropods were saprovores, 13% were herbivorous insects, 14% were predators, and 3% were parasitoids. Overall biodiversity and community-level responses were not significantly affected by expression of the stacked VIP3A and Cry1Ab proteins. Densities of most nontarget taxa exposed to the Bt hybrid showed no differences compared with the isogenic control. However, significant changes in certain taxa did occur in the Bt plots, which were indirectly related to plant-mediated factors, prey density responses, and the absence of plant injury. Arthropod communities in the insecticide-treated plots displayed both negative and positive changes in the abundances of individual taxa. Together, effects observed in the Bt plots were significantly less than the community disturbances caused by insecticide applications. Changes in nontarget communities in plots previously exposed to insecticides and the Bt hybrid did not carryover to the following growing season. Major arthropods as bioindicators, routes of exposures, and food web interactions relative to the observed effects are discussed.
Bioapplication and Activity of Fullerenol C60(oh)24

Here we summarize current investigations about a relatively new group of compounds mainly composed of carbon atoms - fullerenes and their derivatives. One of the fundamental characteristics of fullerene is its ability to quench various free radicals, behaving as a ‘‘free radical sponge’’. Moreover, the dual nature of fullerenes to act as either quenchers or generators of cell - damaging ROS could be exploited for development of cytoprotective agents on one side or cytotoxic anticancer/antimicrobial agents on the other. In addition, several derivatives have shown immunomodulating, neuroprotective and radioprotective effect. Fullerenes are hydrophobic molecules best dissolved in organic solvents, so potential biomedical applications are restricted by their extremely poor solubility in polar solvents. One of the strategies for improving poor solubility is derivatization. Fullerenol C60(OH)24 is a water-soluble derivative of C60 with improved chemical properties and potential bioapplicability as a free radical scavenger in biological systems, in oxidative stress induced by xenobiotics or radioactive irradiations. However, solubility of C60(OH)24 in water (44 mg/l) is not satisfactory and presents a major drawback in its application as an organo-protector. Improvement of physicochemical characteristics of C60(OH)24 and chronic investigations on different animal models as well as in human trials are recommended for establishing its antioxidant effect.
The Effects of Establishing Intimacy and Consubstantiality on Group Discussions About Climate Change Solutions

The many obstacles to productive climate change communication necessitate new approaches. Based on science communication strategies that promote engagement rather than knowledge transfer, we assigned participants (N = 329) to randomized chat groups that discussed similarities between group members (intimacy condition) or information about climate change (information condition). This study combined Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and rhetorical analysis and found that groups in the intimacy condition were more likely to exhibit commonality than groups in the information condition. This study offers practical strategies for having productive discussions on controversial scientific topics such as climate change.
Genetic variability, association and diversity analysis in upland Rice (Oryza sativa L)

High heritability coupled with high to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for grain yield per plant, plant height, test weight, fertile spikelet per panicle, total grains per panicle and number of effective tillers per plant. Positive and significant association were observed for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, fertile spikelet per panicle, total grains per panicle and spikelet fertility with grain yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level, while highest positive direct effect on grain yield was recorded by fertile spikelet per panicle, total number of grains per panicle, plant height and days to 50% flowering. Based on ten quantitative traits the accessions were clustered into seven groups, the cluster III contained highest 14 accessions, followed by clusters I comprised 11 accessions and cluster VI, VII, V, IV and II have 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 accessions, respectively. The first four principal components accounted for 77.13% of total variation of all the traits. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/sja.v12i2. 21915 SAARC J. Agri. , 12(2): 40-51 (2014)
Supplement to “Revisiting the Impacts of Teachers”

This note contains supplementary material that could not be included in the published version or online appendix of “Revisiting the Impacts of Teachers” (Rothstein, 2017). Section 1 responds to the arguments made in Chetty, Friedman, and Rockoff’s (hereafter, “CFR”) Reply, CFR (2016). I respectfully disagree with many of the conclusions drawn by CFR (2015), which in many cases are based on claims that are theoretically correct but turn out, upon investigation, to be empirically irrelevant. None of the evidence presented by CFR (2015) alters the main conclusions of my earlier draft, which persist in the current version:
The “Missing Species” – Female Students in STEM-Fields A qualitative study on young Austrian female students in gender-typical disciplines and STEM-fields

Even though women in Europe, nowadays, have reached the highest education level ever in history, they are still underrepresented in STEM-fields. This study tries to identify factors that make young women opt for a gender-typical or gender-atypical study discipline. Especially the impact of teachers is focused on. 36 young women (n=36) were interviewed on motives related to their choice of academic studies. Various career choice theories form the theoretical framework. Recommendation on how to possibly raise the number of females in STEM-fields by improving the conditions in the school context conclude the study. Key-Words: Technical education, gender gap, female students in STEM-fields