Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure to intimate partner violence reduces the protective effect that women’s high education has on children’s corporal punishment: a population-based study

Background Previous studies have shown that women's education is protective against corporal punishment (CP) of children. However, the effect that women's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has on the association between women's education and children's CP has not been studied. Objective To understand how the interaction between women's exposure to IPV and their education level influences the occurrence of children's CP at the household level. Methods We selected 10,156 women who had at least one child less than 16 years old from cross-sectional data from the 2006–2007 Nicaraguan Demographic and Health Survey. Children's CP was defined as the punishment of children by slapping them, hitting them with a fist, or hitting them with a rope, belt, stick, or other object. IPV was measured by using a conflict tactic scale. The WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) was used to assess the women's mental health. We computed adjusted risk ratios (ARR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator. Results Women's exposure to IPV was associated with a 10–17% increase in the risk of children's CP. IPV and children's CP were associated with impaired women's mental health. Women's lifetime exposure to emotional IPV and controlling behavior by a partner significantly decreased the protective effect from women's high education level on children's CP. When women were exposed to emotional IPV, the protective effect from having a college education decreased from ARR=0.61 (95% CI 0.47–0.80) to ARR=0.98 (95% CI 0.80–1.19). A similar pattern was found among women exposed to controlling behavior by a partner, the protective effect decreased from ARR=0.71 (95% CI 0.53–0.90) to ARR=0.86 (95% CI 0.70–1.06). Conclusion This study shows how significant gains in one positive social determinant of children's well-being can be undermined when it interacts with men's violence toward women. Policies that aim to end children's CP must include actions to end women's exposure to IPV.
THE LATE EOCENE-OLIGOCENE EXTINCTIONS

The transition from the Eocene to the Oligocene Epochs, from about 40 to 30 Ma (million years ago), was the most significant interval in Earth history since the dinosaurs died out 65 Ma. From the warm, equable "greenhouse" climate of the early Eocene (a relict of the age of dinosaurs), the Earth experienced major climatic changes. Global temperature plum­ meted, and the first Antarctic ice sheets appeared. These climatic stresses triggered extinctions in plants and animals, both on land and in the oceans. By the early Oligocene (33 Ma), the Earth had a much cooler, more temperate climate, with a much lower diversity of organisms. Indeed, the Eocene-Oligocene transition marked the change from the global "green­ house" world of the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic to the glaciated "ice house" world of today. Despite the intense research interest in mass extinctions over the past two decades, the Eocene-Oligocene extinctions have been relatively under­ studied and misunderstood. While hundreds of papers have been published on the terminal Cretaceous extinction of dinosaurs and ammonites since the discovery of the iridium anomaly in 1980, only a few dozen articles have been published on the Eocene-Oligocene extinctions. Much of this work has now been invalidated by new data. In the enthusiasm to force the Eocene-Oligocene extinctions into the mold of the Cretaceous-Tertiary impact hypothesis and the periodic extinc­ tion hypothesis (Raup & Sepko ski 1984), a lot of misinformation has appeared. Typically, impact proponents treat the Eocene-Oligocene tran-
Student Acceptance Of Online Educational Processes In Wake Of Covid-19

Covid-19 has increased the pace of inclusion of digital technologies for the learning of students as opposed to learning in a traditional classroom setting. It has altogether transformed the learning and teaching environment and has quickly created the space to adapt to the online mode of learning. This investigation aims to analyze the impact of online methods and processes used by students focusing on the acceptance of technologies that universities adopt due to the global pandemic. Technology Acceptance Model is used as a basis for this study. An online survey was conducted through a questionnaire, and 426 responses were collected from students. The Structural Equation Model was used for processing the data. The findings have suggested that Technology Acceptance Model is helpful in the understanding of students' acceptance of online mode of education in the current scenario of a global pandemic.
Salt Marsh Plant Community Structure on Horse Island, South Carolina

Sea level rise is causing an increase in salt water encroachment and flooding in many coastal habitats, and increasing salinity can have negative impacts on plant communities. The objective of our research was to determine the impact of salinity on salt marsh plant community structure on Horse Island, South Carolina. We investigated variation in plant cover and height with distance from a tidal creek and the effect of increasing salinity on seedling emergence from the seed bank. We established three transects in the salt marsh habitat and recorded plant species presence, percent cover of each species, and height of the tallest individual of each species in 11 plots along each transect. Total plant cover was consistent from 0 to 24 m and increased from 24 to 40 m from the tidal creek; several species only occurred 36 - 40 m from the tidal creek. Percent cover of Spartina alterniflora , the dominant species, increased from 24 to 36 m from the tidal creek. The height of S. alterniflora was negatively correlated with percent cover of S. alterniflora and distance from the tidal creek. To assess the seed bank, we established 12 plots in the salt marsh - maritime forest ecotone, and soils collected from plots were assigned to each of four salinity treatments (0, 6, 12, and 26 ppt). Across all treatments, only one seedling emerged from the soil. The cover, height, and distribution of salt marsh species on Horse Island are likely to change as sea level continues to rise, but the role of the seed bank in affecting plant community structure remains unclear.
Capital Market and Recession Dynamics in Nigeria: Lessons for Sustainable Development

his paper explores the capital market and economic recession dynamics in T Nigeria using monthly data for 2015–2017.Three variants of the model are estimated and the analysis involves Johansen co integration test, unrestricted Vector Auto regression (VAR) and Vector Error Correction (VEC). Evidence indicates that while both foreign direct investment (FDI) outflow and inflow as a whole impact economic recession, the effect is mostly due to the impact of FDI inflow. Results also indicate the significant FDI outflow from Nigeria during the recession was not really tied to economic fundamentals but could be the result of “herd mentality” occasioned by the onset of economic recession.The VEC result indicates there is expected negative co-movement between economic recession and financial outflows in Nigeria. The speed of adjustment suggests 36.2 percent of the deviation of economic recession from long-run equilibrium is corrected every year, so that it takes over a year to cut the gap in half which could explain why the recession in Nigeria lasted about a year and half before turning the curve. Variance decomposition (VD) outputs indicate own shock has the strongest and most lasting effect on both economic recession and FDI outflow although as time passes, economic recession explains more and more of the shocks in financial outflows while as time passes, financial inflows explain more and more of the shocks in economic recession. The paper recommends policymakers focus on not just attracting but retaining more foreign direct investment in the many economic sectors of Nigeria and that more attention is needed to explore the huge potentials of the capital market as a significant driver for sustainable development in Nigeria.
An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Competencies of Owners/ Managers of some Selected Small Business Firms in Northern Nigeria

This research investigated the entrepreneurial competencies of the owners/managers of some selected small business firms in the northern Nigeria. The study was motivated by the perception that there is a high failure rate of small business in Nigeria. It sought to assess and analyse the entrepreneurial competencies of owners/managers relative to concepts and extant literature. A self-rating questionnaire was administered to the participants. Data collected were subjected to one Sample t-test. The study has demonstrated that owners/managers of small firms have both strengths and weaknesses. While the owners/mangers possess relationship and commitment competencies, they lack significantly in the areas of opportunity, conceptual, organizing and strategic planning competencies. The implication of this is high incidence of backwardness, failures and closures which are associated with absence of or low opportunity scanning, initiative, persuasiveness, assertiveness, self-confidence, systematic planning and problem-solving competencies. It is recommended that entrepreneurs should constantly engage in skill update through information – seeking, training and development.
Effects of Accounts Payable Management on the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria

Accounts Payable Management which is one of the components of Working capital management is expected to enhance the performance of enterprises and by extension, the share holder's value. The relation between Accounts Payable Management and performance was investigated for a sample of 211 small and medium sized enterprises in Kaduna North and South Local Government Areas of Kaduna Nigeria for the period 2008-2012. The Accounts Payable Management was used as the independent variable while Performance of SMEs was considered as the dependent variable. Correlation coefficients and Regression analysis were used as measures of the relations. The Accounts Payable Management showed significant positive relations with Performance of SMEs. The Regression results rejected the null hypothesis that cash management does not affect the performance of SMEs. It (regression results) however, ensured the positive relation between cash management and performance measures of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
How The Impact Of Green Campuses, Green Intellectual Capital And Green Management Adoption To University Reputation In Indonesia?

The current research aims to look at the application of green building, green intellectual capital, and green management adoption and their impact on the university’s reputation which is mediated by organizational culture. The methodology used in this research is the method of observation and questionnaire. The sampling technique of the research applies convenience sampling which obtained a total sample size of 73 private universities in Indonesia. This research is interesting because at the same time it will present a data index to what extent the green campus concept is applied to universities in Indonesia. The results showed that the low implementation of green campus buildings in Indonesia had not had an effect on the reputation of the university, but for the concept of green intellectual capital and green management adoption had an effect on the reputation of the university. However, organizational culture only mediates the relationship between green management adoption and the reputation of universities in Indonesia. To the author’s knowledge, research on the concept of implementing green campuses is still very rare in Indonesia.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Changing World Business Environment: The Nigerian Experience

he COVID-19 pandemic has generated shocks that have caused economic T fluctuations globally, calling for an understanding of the behaviour of macroeconomic variables. This study presents an early review of the macroeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. The aggregate supply and aggregate demand (AS-AD) model provides the theoretical motivation for the study. From the findings, while the number of infected cases reflects significant correlations with economic activity from the perspective of a trend analysis, the estimates from dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) show that nexuses between the number of confirmed cases and attendant macroeconomic outcomes are largely insignificant with the expected signs. The study has therefore shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has insignificant negative impacts on basic macroeconomic variables in Nigeria such as inflation, employment, exchange rate, GDP growth, among others. In other words, time is required before the established correlations withstand empirical scrutiny in terms of causality. As the government has engaged the Economic Sustainable Plan (ESP, 2020), which is a post-COVID-19 recovery plan, it is hoped that the attendant policies would be properly implemented so as to provide the critical mass to repositioning the country's economy on the path towards inclusive and sustained economic development.
CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SESAME ( Sesamum indicum L. ) ACCESSIONS

Existence of genetic variability is the prerequisite in crop improvement programs. Thus, the experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability among sesame accessions collected from different regions of Ethiopia based on their qualitative and quantitative traits. Atotal of forty-nine sesame genotypes were evaluated at Kamashi research sub-station during 2017/18 cropping season. The experimental design used was 7 x 7 simple lattice design. Each experimental material was planted on a plot consisted of 5 rows with 4 m length, and 10 cm and 40 cm intra and inter row spacing, respectively. Data was recorded on 10 qualitative and 14 quantitative traits. Statistical analysis was computed using R and SAS University Edition. In the present study, genetic variation was exhibited among sesame genotypes for eight qualitative traits such as leaves hairiness, stem hairiness, capsule hairiness, number of flower/leaf axil, number of capsules/leaf axil, number of carpels/capsule, number of locules/capsule and seed coat color. In addition, analysis of variance on quantitative traits revealed the presence of genetic variability among sesame genotypes for days to flowering, bacterial blight disease resistance, days to maturity, plant height to first branching, length of capsule bearing zone, internode length, capsule length, number of capsules/plant, 1000 seeds weight and seed yield. Factor analysis confirmed that bacterial blight disease resistance, plant height, length of capsule bearing zone, number of branches/plant, number of capsules/plant and seed yield were the most important traits those highly contributed to an observed genetic variation. Further, cluster analysis based on 14 quantitative traits grouped the 49 sesame genotypes into seven groups, indicating the presence of genetic potential which could be exploited in sesame breeding.
A multi-year survey on aquatic avifauna consolidates the eligibility of a small signi�cant peri-urban wetland in northeast Algeria to be included on the IBA network

To date, Algeria has twenty-two wetlands designated as Important Bird Areas (IBA). However, other wetlands are also eligible for this network but have not yet been classi�ed due to a lack of comprehensive studies demonstrating their ornithological importance. In this study, we are interested in the Boussedra marsh, located on the Algerian coast in the far northeast. IBA categories A1 and A4i were found to be signi�cant, con�rming the international importance of this wetland for waterbirds. Five species inhabiting the site are listed as globally threatened on the IUCN red list, namely, Oxyura leucocephala (Endangered), Aythya nyroca (Near Threatened), Vanellus vanellus (Near Threatened), Aythya ferina (Vulnerable) and Marmaronetta angustirostris (Vulnerable). Interestingly, Oxyura leucocephala was recorded with more than 10% of the world's population. Overall, the avian community of Boussedra inventoried between September 2015 and August 2018, has reached a diversity of 42 species, i.e., one-third of the national aquatic avifauna, consisting mainly of surface ducks, Rallids, waders, gulls and raptors, making it one of the ten most diverse wetlands in the country. Although the monthly numbers of waterbirds in the marsh are low compared to the large Algerian sites (< 5000 individuals), they are still among the most important locally. Boussedra is a real wintering area, but it is also home to a diverse nesting population of 20 species, including four that are globally threatened according to the IUCN Red List, making it one of the most important nesting areas for waterbirds in Algeria.
MLP4NIDS: An Eﬀicient MLP-Based Network Intrusion Detection for CICIDS2017 Dataset

More and more embedded devices are connected to the internet and therefore are potential victims of intrusion. While machine learning algorithms have proven to be robust techniques, it is mainly achieved with traditional processing, neural network giving worse results. In this paper, we propose usage of a multi-layer perceptron neural network for intrusion detection and provide a detailed description of our methodology. We detail all steps to achieve better performances than traditional machine learning techniques with a detection of intrusion accuracy above 99% and a low false positive rate kept below 0.7%. Results of previous works are analyzed and compared with the performances of the proposed solution.
Common ownership and firm dividend

This paper examines the relationship between common owners and firm dividend policy. We find that dividend policies of firms newly added to an investor ’ s portfolio evolve towards the dividend policies of the existing firms in this portfolio. This relationship is neither driven by owners targeting firms forecasted to change their dividend policies, nor by firms with a similar dividend strategy to the companies in the new investor ’ s existing portfolio. Our results suggest that owners have a dividend policy style , and that their influence depends on the type of co-owner and the existing governance characteristics of the co-purchased firm.
SOCIAL MEDIA, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DEVELOPMENT CAMPAIGNS, PARTICIPATION AND BEHAVIOUR CHANGE AMONG THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA STAFF

There is growing evidence that the social media of communication with their characteristics decentralized media activities provide avenue for positive participation in development objectives. However, little is known about their contribution to environmental health development. Therefore, in this study, we examine the influence of social media on the environmental health behavior and level of participation of staff of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The survey research method was used and data, using the Questionnaire, was collected from a sample size of 120 respondents. The Health Belief Model (HBM) served as the theoretical fulcrum. Findings show that the level of participation in environmental health initiatives is high and significant. However, behaviour change is at the average. Discussions were based on the results, implications and suggestions.
Do Corporate Governance Components Determine the Performance of Listed Financial Firms in Nigeria?

his study seeks to examine the factors that determine the financial T performance of financial firms in Nigeria. Data was collected from 2006 to 2017 for 43 financial firms (financial 16 banks, 26 insurance firms and 1 pension administrator that are quoted on the floor of Nigeria Stock Exchange). The dynamic panel data was used and the results revealed that Board size (B-SIZE) for financial firms in both AB and AB/BB are positive and significant. Board independence (B-IND) under the AB and AB/BB show that it impacts positively and significantly. Board ownership (OWN) in both AB and AB/BB are negative and significant. Multiple code (M-CODE) result for AB and AB/BB were found to be positive and insignificant to return on asset (ROA). The macro-economic variable such as Gross domestic product (GDP) which represent economic growth was found to be positive and significant to return on asset (ROA). However, interest rate under the AB was found to be positive and significant but under AB/BB, interest rate impacts on return on asset (ROA) negatively and significantly. Exchange rate in both AB and AB/BB is negative and significant. This recommends thatoptimal size the number of board of directors, financial sector in Nigeria should be encouraged by regulation to increase the independence of the board, a balance ownership between directors/insider and outsider ownership. Directors/insider ownership normally enhances the relationship between managers and owners of the firm which ultimately reduces agency related cost, harmonize in the corporate governance codes in the financial sector in Nigeria and finally, stabilize the macro-economic variables to improve the financial performance of the financial firms.
MIT Open Access Articles Discrete Symbol Calculus

This paper deals with eﬃcient numerical representation and manipulation of diﬀerential and integral operators as symbols in phase-space, i.e., functions of space x and frequency ξ . The symbol smoothness conditions obeyed by many operators in connection to smooth linear partial diﬀerential equations allow fast-converging, nonasymptotic expansions in adequate systems of rational Chebyshev functions or hierarchical splines to be written. The classical results of closedness of such symbol classes under multiplication, inversion, and taking the square root translate into practical iterative algorithms for realizing these operations directly in the proposed expansions. Because symbol-based numerical methods handle operators and not functions, their complexity depends on the desired resolution N very weakly, typically only through log N factors. We present three applications to computational problems related to wave propagation: (1) preconditioning the Helmholtz equation, (2) decomposing wave ﬁelds into one-way components, and (3) depth extrapolation in reﬂection seismology. The software is made available in the software sections of math.mit. edu/ ∼ laurent and www.math.utexas.edu/users/lexing.
Efficacy of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction: a meta-analysis

Background: Over the last several years, the morbidity, mortality, and high costs associated with lung volume reduction (LVR) surgery has fuelled the development of different methods for bronchoscopic LVR (BLVR) in patients with emphysema. In this meta-analysis, we sought to study and compare the efficacy of most of these methods. Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed and Embase for the following BLVR methods: one-way valves, sealants (BioLVR), LVR coils, airway bypass stents, and bronchial thermal vapor ablation. Primary study outcomes included the mean change post-intervention in the lung function tests, the 6-minute walk distance, and the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included treatment-related complications. Results: Except for the airway bypass stents, all other methods of BLVR showed efficacy in primary outcomes. However, in comparison, the BioLVR method showed the most significant findings and was the least associated with major treatment-related complications. For the BioLVR method, the mean change in forced expiratory volume (in first second) was 0.18 L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09 to 0.26; P <0.001); in 6-minute walk distance was 23.98 m (95% CI: 12.08 to 35.88; P <0.01); and in St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire was - 8.88 points (95% CI: - 12.12 to - 5.64; P <0.001). Conclusion: The preliminary findings of our meta-analysis signify the importance of most methods of BLVR. The magnitude of the effect on selected primary outcomes shows noninfe-riority, if not equivalence, when compared to what is known for surgical LVR. the keywords: valves”, way valves”, volume reduction