Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(2017). Health Information Systems and Accountability in Kenya: a Structuration Theory Perspective. Journal of the Association for Information Systems , 18 (12), 931-958.

Health information systems (HIS) in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been often implemented under the international pressure of accounting for health care investments. The idea behind robust and efficient HIS is that health information can allow for better planning and monitoring of the health service, which may translate into better health outcomes. Yet, the use of HIS as accountability tools has often been criticized as being counterproductive by making health information more meaningful to national governments and international agencies rather than those in charge of local health services. The objective of this paper is to analyse how HIS influence the emergence of local accountability practices and their consequences for the provision of health care. A theoretical perspective from structuration theory is built and integrated with the technology domain of HIS. This perspective is used in the analysis of a case study of HIS in Kenya. This study raises implications for the use of structuration theory in understanding accountability and the role of IT materiality in processes of structuration. It contributes to a better understanding of how HIS can foster improved health care and human development. It also contributes to the understanding of IS not just as means for governing people’s behaviour but also as means of socialization through which users can negotiate multiple accountability goals.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES T HE I NFLUENCE OF THE U SE OF THE MORE P REVALENT T ECHNOLOGY ON THE W AGES OF O LDER E MPLOYEES IN G ERMANY †

The labor market of tomorrow will be determined by the transition from an industrial to a knowledge society. In this process, the accumulation of human capital becomes increasingly important whilst opportunities for low qualified staff steadily diminish. Globalization and technological advancement results in enhanced economic participation of highly qualified staff in the form of higher wages and better employment opportunities. In the literature, this is attributed to the “Skill-Biased Technological Change” (SBTC) (Nikutowski, 2007). According to the “task approach” (Autor et al. 2003), the technological change due to falling computer prices (computerization) leads to changes in task structures which favor a trend towards routinization (“routinization hypothesis”). Alongside these developments Germany faces the challenge of demographic change, which is reflected primarily in the shrinking and ageing of the population (Siegrist et al. 2005). Consequently, Germany anticipates a distinct decline in the number of economically active persons in the next few decades (Federal Statistical Office, 2009). With the objective of securing adequate labor force potential the pension age was raised to 67 years, although statistics confirm that the average retirement age in Germany is a long way off the present age limit of 65 years (German Statutory Pension Insurance, 2012; Stößel, 2008). From this starting point, the question derived concerns the influence of technological change on occupational success, as measured by the gross wages of older working persons. The study examines whether the increasing use of computers in workplaces is leading to a shift towards non-routine tasks among older workers to the same extent as younger workers in accordance with the routinization hypothesis. Moreover, it is analyzed if among older workers it is also primarily the highly qualified persons who benefit from this trend in the form of higher gross wages. The analyses are based on data from the BIBB/IAB and BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey from the years 1979 to 2012, which enable the precise measurement of task profiles over time (Tiemann and Zopf, 2010). The work tasks carried out by older employees (aged 50-65) are investigated on the basis of the “task approach” model (Autor et al. 2003).
Quantum dynamical entropy and an algorithm by Gene Golub.

The problem of computing the quantum dynamical entropy introduced by Alicki and Fannes requires the trace of the operator function F (Ω) = −Ω logΩ, where Ω is a non-negative, Hermitean operator. Physical significance demands that this operator be a matrix of large order. We study its properties and we derive efficient algorithms to solve this problem, also implementable on parallel machines with distributed memory. We rely on a Lanczos technique for large matrix computations developed by Gene Golub.
On the Development of an Efficient Deflator for the Estimation of Accounting-Based Valuation Models

Previous research documents a number of potential scaling problems when estimating accounting based valuation models using cross-sectional data. The differences in size across observations cast doubts over the robustness of estimated coefficients and measures of fit. Several solutions have been proposed without reaching a consensus. We demonstrate analytically that, under certain conditions, the standard deviation of market capitalization changes is an efficient deflator for the cross-sectional estimation of Ohlson's (1995) unbiased accounting valuation model. Our empirical tests confirm this, as we show that the largest observations do not unduly affect the estimation results, the number of influential observations decreases notably and we obtain estimated coefficients not significantly different from the theoretical values derived from the Ohlson (1995) information dynamics.
Predicting Collegiate Wind Players’ Practice Efficiency, Flow, and Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulation

The purpose of this study was to determine whether students’ practice efficiency, flow during practicing, and self-efficacy for self-regulation varied as a function of their practice tendencies, their tendencies toward self-evaluation, their self-regulatory tendencies to be self-reflective when practicing, tendencies to exhibit grit in their learning, and their teachers’ methods of instruction in practicing. Participants were 52 studio lesson teachers and 241 of their students from 25 large collegiate music programs in the United States. Both the teachers and students represented a diverse range of instruments: flute, oboe, bassoon, clarinet, saxophone, French horn, trumpet, trombone, euphonium, and tuba. The data for this study were self-reports collected via online questionnaires. Findings indicated that of the five predictor variables examined, only two—students’ tendencies to exhibit grit in their learning and their tendencies to be reflective about their practicing—were consistently related to the three outcome variables. Furthermore, all outcome variables were significantly related to one another.
LINA Study Group

*These authors contributed equally to this work as joint first authors. Dr Swoboda is currently affiliated with the Molecular Biotechnology Section, University of Applied Sciences, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria. §Dr Papadopoulos is currently affiliated with the Center for Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Supported by the FAST project 201871 of the FP7 of the European Union and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects P23350-B11 and F4605. Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: B. Linhart has received research support from the FAST Project (EU grant) and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project P23350-B11. R. Valenta has received research support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and the FPF Program ‘‘FAST’’ and serves as a consultant for Biomay AG, Vienna, Austria. N. G. Papadopoulos has received consultancy fees from AbbVie, Novartis, Menarini, Meda, ALK-Abell o, and GlaxoSmithKline; has received research support from Nestl e, Merck, and GlaxoSmithKline; has received lecture fees from Novartis, Uriach, GlaxoSmithKline, Allergopharma, Stallergenes, and MSD; and has received payment for development of educational presentations from AbbVie, Sanofi, Menarini, and Meda. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.
Schemes and Strategies to Propagate and Analyze Uncertainties in Computational Fluid Dynamics Applications

In this manuscript, three main contributions are illustrated concerning the propagation and the analysis of uncertainty for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. First, two novel numerical schemes are proposed : one based on a collocation approach, and the other one based on a finite volume like representation in the stochastic space. In both the approaches, the key element is the introduction of anon-linear multiresolution representation in the stochastic space. The aim is twofold : reducing the dimensionality of the discrete solution and applying a time-dependent refinement/coarsening procedure in the combined physical/stochastic space. Finally, an innovative strategy, based on variance-based analysis, is proposed for handling problems with a moderate large number of uncertainties in the context of the robust design optimization. Aiming to make more robust this novel optimization strategies, the common ANOVA-like approach is also extended to high-order central moments (up to fourth order). The new approach is more robust, with respect to the original variance-based one, since the analysis relies on new sensitivity indexes associated to a more complete statistic description.
Multivariate Spectral Multipliers

This thesis is devoted to the study of multivariate (joint) spectral multipliers for systems of strongly commuting non-negative self-adjoint operators, $L=(L_1,\ldots,L_d),$ on $L^2(X,\nu),$ where $(X,\nu)$ is a measure space. By strong commutativity we mean that the operators $L_r,$ $r=1,\ldots,d,$ admit a joint spectral resolution $E(\lambda). $ In that case, for a bounded function $m\colon [0,\infty)^d\to \mathbb{C},$ the multiplier operator $m(L)$ is defined on $L^2(X,\nu)$ by $$m(L)=\int_{[0,\infty)^d}m(\lambda)dE(\lambda). $$ By spectral theory, $m(L)$ is then bounded on $L^2(X,\nu). $ The purpose of the dissertation is to investigate under which assumptions on the multiplier function $m$ it is possible to extend $m(L)$ to a bounded operator on $L^p(X,\nu),$ $1<p<\infty. $ The crucial assumption we make is the $L^p(X,\nu),$ $1\leq p\leq \infty,$ contractivity of the heat semigroups corresponding to the operators $L_r,$ $r=1,\ldots,d. $ Under this assumption we generalize the results of [S. Meda, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 1990] to systems of strongly commuting operators. As an application we derive various multivariate multiplier theorems for particular systems of operators acting on separate variables. These include e.g. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, Hermite, Laguerre, Bessel, Jacobi, and Dunkl operators. In some particular cases, we obtain presumably sharp results. Additionally, we demonstrate how a (bounded) holomorphic functional calculus for a pair of commuting operators, is useful in the study of dimension free boundedness of various Riesz transforms.
Nonresonant Scattering of Relativistic Electrons by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves in Earth's Radiation Belts.

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves are expected to pitch-angle scatter and cause atmospheric precipitation of relativistic (>1 MeV) electrons under typical conditions in Earth's radiation belts. However, it has been a long-standing mystery how relativistic electrons in the hundreds of keV range (but <1 MeV), which are not resonant with these waves, precipitate simultaneously with those >1 MeV. We demonstrate that, when the wave packets are short, nonresonant interactions enable such scattering of hundred-keV electrons by introducing a spread in wave number space. We generalize the quasilinear diffusion model to include nonresonant effects. The resultant model exhibits an exponential decay of the scattering rates extending below the minimum resonant energy depending on the shortness of the wave packets. This generalized model naturally explains observed nonresonant electron precipitation in the hundreds of keV concurrent with >1 MeV precipitation.
Constraining the Baryonic Feedback with Cosmic Shear Using the DES Year-3 Small-Scale Measurements

We use the small scales of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year-3 cosmic shear measurements, which are excluded from the DES Year-3 cosmological analysis, to constrain the baryonic feedback. To model the baryonic feedback, we adopt a baryonic correction model and use the numerical package \texttt{Baccoemu} to accelerate the evaluation of the baryonic nonlinear matter power spectrum. We design our analysis pipeline to focus on the constraints of the baryonic suppression effects, utilizing the implication given by a principal component analysis on the Fisher forecasts. Our constraint on the baryonic effects can then be used to better model and ameliorate the effects of baryons in producing cosmological constraints from the next generation large-scale structure surveys. We detect the baryonic suppression on the cosmic shear measurements with a $\sim 2 \sigma$ significance. The characteristic halo mass for which half of the gas is ejected by baryonic feedback is constrained to be $M_c>10^{13.2} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$ (95\% C.L.). The best-fit baryonic suppression is $\sim 5\%$ at $k=1.0 {\rm Mpc}\ h^{-1}$ and $\sim 15\%$ at $k=5.0 {\rm Mpc} \ h^{-1}$. Our findings are robust with respect to the assumptions about the cosmological parameters, specifics of the baryonic model, and intrinsic alignments.
Evaluating the Impact of Source Code Parsers on ML4SE Models

As researchers and practitioners apply Machine Learning to in-creasingly more software engineering problems, the approaches they use become more sophisticated. A lot of modern approaches utilize internal code structure in the form of an abstract syntax tree (AST) or its extensions: path-based representation, complex graph combining AST with additional edges. Even though the process of extracting ASTs from code can be done with different parsers, the impact of choosing a parser on the final model quality remains unstudied. Moreover, researchers often omit the exact details of extracting particular code representations. In this work, we evaluate two models, namely Code2Seq and TreeLSTM, in the method name prediction task backed by eight different parsers for the Java language. To unify the process of data preparation with different parsers, we develop SuperParser , a multi-language parser-agnostic library based on PathMiner. SuperParser facilitates the end-to-end creation of datasets suitable for training and evaluation of ML models that work with structural information from source code. Our results demonstrate that trees built by different parsers vary in their structure and content. We then analyze how this diversity affects the models’ quality and show that the quality gap between the most and least suitable parsers for both models turns out to be significant. Finally, we discuss other features of the parsers that researchers and practitioners should take into account when selecting a parser along with the impact on the models’ quality. SuperParser use
Modeling Gender Differences in Membership Change in Open Source Software Projects

—Gender diversity in open source software develop- ment continues to be a topic of growing interest among researchers, practitioners, and organizations. To date, research has revealed disparities in participation between developers on the basis of gender, with women being signiﬁcantly underrepresented in open source development. Using a large data set curated for studies of diversity in open source projects, we contribute to this body of work by characterizing the relationship between gender-based participation differences and group composition in GitHub. In this paper, we present the results of a study examining the following: (1) similarities and differences between open source project contributors whose gender was inferred and those whose gender could not be inferred using existing gender inference tools, (2) the representativeness of a sample of open source projects with an identiﬁable mixed-gender contributor base to the population from which it was drawn (collaborative open source projects on GitHub), (3) differences between that sample of projects and a comparable sample of projects that did not have an inferable mixed-gender contributor base, and (4) a case study of participation dynamics in a small set of open source projects with a mixed-gender group of contributors. We found that contributors identiﬁed as women and contributors of unknown gender have a shorter tenure in open source projects compared to those identiﬁed as men. Additionally, at the team level, we found that project teams with mixed-gender composition were associated with lower turnover and teams with greater disparity in the distribution of platform tenure were associated with higher turnover. Finally, our case study reveals that when looking at the entire team, GitHub users were more likely to remain in a project rather than leave after contributing but when looking at women speciﬁcally, users were more likely to leave rather than remain after contributing to a project.
Nonresonant particle acceleration in strong turbulence: Comparison to kinetic and MHD simulations

(Dated: Collisionless, magnetized turbulence oﬀers a promising framework for the generation of non-thermal high-energy particles in various astrophysical sites. Yet, the detailed mechanism that gov-erns particle acceleration has remained subject to debate. By means of 2D and 3D PIC, as well as 3D (incompressible) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, we test here a recent model of non-resonant particle acceleration in strongly magnetized turbulence [1], which ascribes the energization of particles to their continuous interaction with the random velocity ﬂow of the turbulence, in the spirit of the original Fermi model. To do so, we compare, for a large number of particles that were tracked in the simulations, the predicted and the observed histories of particles momenta. The predicted history is that derived from the model, after extracting from the simulations, at each point along the particle trajectory, the three force terms that control acceleration: the acceleration of the ﬁeld line velocity projected along the ﬁeld line direction, its shear projected along the same direction, and its transverse compressive part. Overall, we ﬁnd a clear correlation between the model predictions and the numerical experiments, indicating that this non-resonant model can successfully account for the bulk of particle energization through Fermi-type processes in strongly magnetized turbulence. We also observe that the parallel shear contribution tends to dominate the physics of energization in the PIC simulations, while in the MHD incompressible simulation, both the parallel shear and the transverse compressive term provide about equal contributions.
Resolvent estimates for the one-dimensional damped wave equation with unbounded damping

We study the generator G of the one-dimensional damped wave equation with unbounded damping. We show that the norm of the correspond- ing resolvent operator, (cid:107) ( G − λ ) − 1 (cid:107) , is approximately constant as | λ | → + ∞ on vertical strips of bounded width contained in the closure of the left-hand side complex semi-plane, C − := { λ ∈ C : Re λ ≤ 0 } . Our proof rests on a precise asymptotic analysis of the norm of the inverse of T ( λ ), the quadratic operator associated with G .
The Atari Disk, a Metal-poor Stellar Population in the Disk System of the Milky Way

We have developed a chemodynamical approach to assign 36,010 metal-poor SkyMapper stars to various Galactic stellar populations. Using two independent techniques (velocity and action space behavior), Gaia EDR3 astrometry, and photometric metallicities, we selected stars with the characteristics of the “metal-weak” thick-disk population by minimizing contamination by the canonical thick disk or other Galactic structures. This sample comprises 7127 stars, spans a metallicity range of −3.50 < [Fe/H] < −0.8, and has a systematic rotational velocity of 〈V ϕ 〉 = 154 km s−1 that lags that of the thick disk. Orbital eccentricities have intermediate values between typical thick-disk and halo values. The scale length is hR=2.48−0.05+0.05 kpc, and the scale height is hZ=1.68−0.15+0.19 kpc. The metallicity distribution function is well fit by an exponential with a slope of ΔlogN/Δ[Fe/H]=1.13±0.06 . Overall, we find a significant metal-poor component consisting of 261 SkyMapper stars with [Fe/H] < −2.0. While our sample contains only 11 stars with [Fe/H] ≲ −3.0, investigating the JINAbase compilation of metal-poor stars reveals another 18 such stars (five have [Fe/H] < −4.0) that kinematically belong to our sample. These distinct spatial, kinematic, and chemical characteristics strongly suggest that this metal-poor, phase-mixed kinematic sample represents an independent disk component with an accretion origin in which a massive dwarf galaxy radially plunged into the early Galactic disk. Going forward, we propose to call the metal-weak thick-disk population the Atari disk, given its likely accretion origin, and in reference to it sharing space with the Galactic thin and thick disks.
Is decentralized finance actually decentralized? A social network analysis of the Aave protocol on the Ethereum blockchain

Decentralized finance (DeFi) has the potential to disrupt centralized finance by validating peer-to-peer transactions through tamper-proof smart contracts, thus significantly lowering the transaction cost charged by financial intermediaries. However, the actual realization of peer-to-peer transactions and the levels and effects of decentralization are largely unknown. Our research pioneers a blockchain network study that applies social network analysis to measure the level, dynamics, and impacts of decentralization in DeFi token transactions on the Ethereum blockchain. First, we find a significant core-periphery structure in the AAVE token transaction network where the cores include the two largest centralized crypto exchanges. Second, we provide evidence that multiple network features consistently characterize decentralization dynamics. Finally, we document that a more decentralized network significantly predicts a higher return and lower volatility of the decentralized market of AAVE tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. We point out that our approach is seminal for inspiring future extensions related to the facets of application scenarios, research questions, and methodologies on the mechanics of blockchain decentralization.
RECAPP: Crafting a More Efficient Catalyst for Convex Optimization

The accelerated proximal point algorithm (APPA), also known as"Catalyst", is a well-established reduction from convex optimization to approximate proximal point computation (i.e., regularized minimization). This reduction is conceptually elegant and yields strong convergence rate guarantees. However, these rates feature an extraneous logarithmic term arising from the need to compute each proximal point to high accuracy. In this work, we propose a novel Relaxed Error Criterion for Accelerated Proximal Point (RECAPP) that eliminates the need for high accuracy subproblem solutions. We apply RECAPP to two canonical problems: finite-sum and max-structured minimization. For finite-sum problems, we match the best known complexity, previously obtained by carefully-designed problem-specific algorithms. For minimizing $\max_y f(x,y)$ where $f$ is convex in $x$ and strongly-concave in $y$, we improve on the best known (Catalyst-based) bound by a logarithmic factor.