Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lasting social value of mega events: experiences from green point community in Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract A growing area of mega event research focuses on the long-term social value of outcomes and the impact of their far-reaching benefits. This paper questions whether mega events present opportunities for interventions through an exploration of the social value of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in the community of Green Point, Cape Town. Drawing on Chalip’s (2006) understanding of the liminal social value of events, the main considerations are whether the outcome of feel-good experiences were leveraged to enable community building in the long-term. Following the narrative inquiry approach, stories were collected from community members. The findings suggest community members from Green Point have a mixed perception of the event’s lasting social value. These perceptions were influenced by the participants’ wide-ranging experiences of the event and subsequent outcomes. The findings have a number of implications for future practice, affirming that the issues and challenges related to leveraging social impacts beyond the existence of a mega event can affect people’s perceptions of the social value attached. Looking to future research, this paper calls for investigations that involve repeated exploration of participant experiences over a longer timeframe, suggesting the value of the longitudinal perspective.
Effects of Increase in the Cost of Building Materials on the Delivery of Affordable Housing in South Africa

Adequate provision of affordable human settlements is a huge challenge in South Africa since its independence. This paper investigates the effects of the cost increase of building materials on affordable housing delivery in South Africa. With potential solutions for cost minimisation of building materials, with the aim of achieving affordable housing delivery in South Africa are provided. This study uses a sequential mixed methods approach, wherein surveys were conducted among the construction professionals (project managers, site managers architects, site engineers, quantity surveyors, contractors, building materials suppliers, and government workers) in the construction industry within Cape Town, South Africa, who were considered as the research participants. The qualitative data obtained from the survey exercise were analysed using content analysis, while the quantitative data were analysed using a descriptive statistical technique on SPSS. The findings attained show fluctuation in construction cost and a rise in maintenance cost (caused by poor workmanship) as significant effects in the cost increase of building materials for affordable housing delivery. Adequate application of the recommendations given in this study will minimise the effects of high cost of building materials and enhance affordable housing delivery. Appropriate handling of the findings given in this study will reduce the effects of the high cost of building materials and augment timely delivery of affordable housing and stakeholders’ satisfaction.
Resiliencia, género y rendimiento académico en jóvenes universitarios del Estado de Morelos

La resiliencia ha sido estudiadaampliamente en el campo de la psicologiapara definir aquellas personas quealcanzan el exito pese a las circunstanciasadversas. En este sentido, se realiza un estudiocuyo objetivo fue, evaluar la correlacion entreresiliencia, rendimiento academico (RA), segun elgenero en jovenes universitarios, para lo cual seaplico un diseno transversal analitico en dondeparticiparon 51 estudiantes de la Licenciatura enNutricion de la Universidad Autonoma del Estadode Morelos (UAEM) (18 hombres y 33 mujeres; de21 a 32 anos). Para evaluar las variables, se utilizoun cuestionario sociodemografico, el inventario deanomia asiliente y resiliencia nomica (IAAR); ypara determinar el RA se solicito el promedio decalificaciones del semestre en curso. Losresultados evidencian que existe relacion positivaentre resiliencia y RA, asi como en los resultadosde resiliencia y genero, finalmente se evidenciaque, los estudiantes del sexo masculino poseenniveles mas altos de resiliencia que las mujeres yque el rendimiento academico se ve relacionadocon la resiliencia.
Effect of N Atoms on O-Atom Reactivity with Carbon

Molecular beam-surface scattering experiments have been used to study the effect of N atoms on the reactivity of O atoms with a high-temperature carbon surface to produce CO. The CO flux produced from bombardment of a vitreous carbon surface by a beam containing N and O atoms was compared with the CO flux produced from bombardment by beams containing either N or O atoms. The presence of small mole fractions of N atoms of 0.02-0.08 enhanced the reactivity of O atoms by a factor of 1.4-1.6 in the range of surface temperatures from 1100 to 1700 K. A detailed explanation of the observed results requires more study, but it appears that N atoms can act as a catalyst to increase the reactivity of O with carbon and that a relatively low flux of N atoms may be sufficient to saturate the catalytic effect. This catalytic effect seems to be fairly insensitive to the surface temperature, at least over the temperature range used in this study. This observation is important in the development of finite-rate models of air-carbon ablation during hypersonic flight.
They Said It’s “Fake“: Effects of Discounting Cues in Online Comments on Information Quality Judgments and Information Authentication

ABSTRACT Using a mixed-design online experiment, this study examined how individuals determine the quality of information they encounter online and engage in information verification and authentication processes. An online experiment tested the effects of “fake news” labels as discounting cues on individuals’ ability to correctly identify disinformation and their motivations to authenticate it with other credible sources. Results showed main effects of this “fake news” cue in online comments on participants’ accuracy in identifying fake news, need to authenticate the information, and their reliance on legacy news channels to do so.
Understanding and addressing stigma through qualitative research: Four reasons why we need qualitative studies.

Stigmatization is a socially and culturally constructed process, occurring in social interactions, whereby a person is labeled asdifferent andthendevalued,resulting instatus loss anddiscrimination. In this article,we present four key arguments as to why qualitative research is imperative to understanding and changing stigma: (a) Stigmatization is complex and qualitative research is well-suited for exploring complex phenomenon; (b) Qualitative research is participatory and offers substantial opportunities for meaningful community engagement, which promotes agency and empowerment, and redresses power imbalances; (c) Qualitative research is imperative to effective stigma reduction; and (d) Qualitative research informs further scienti ﬁ c inquiry and plays an important role in ensuring that we focus on important and relevant aspects of stigma in our research. For each argument, we outline relevant literature and discuss our own experiences with conducting qualitative research on stigmatization. We lean on both theory and practice, paying attention to not only the outcomes of, but also the processes involved, in conducting qualitative research on stigmatization. We then address two criticisms of qualitative research that undermine its legitimacy. We conclude that to better understand stigma, to redress power imbalances, and to inform interventions and further scienti ﬁ c inquiry, we must continue to conduct qualitative research across stigmatized identities and conditions.
Recycling of coal bottom ash (CBA) as cement and aggregate replacement material: a review

The construction sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. Therefore, utilizing ‘green and recycled by-products’ in construction is a measure towards a sustainable future. Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) generated from thermal power plants has increases in production. This causes disposal problems. However, due to the ongoing depletion of natural limestone in cement production and aggregate in construction, this material may be used as a recycled construction material. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of CBA’s physical and chemical properties and the impact on the use of CBA as aggregate or cement. A small volume of CBA can substitute fine aggregates without compromising the strength of the concrete. Further research remains to be carried to explore the potential of this material in producing concrete with enhanced strength.
Influence of Substrate Materials on Nucleation and Properties of Iridium Thin Films Grown by ALD

Ultra-thin metallic films are widely applied in optics and microelectronics. However, their properties differ significantly from the bulk material and depend on the substrate material. The nucleation, film growth, and layer properties of atomic layer deposited (ALD) iridium thin films are evaluated on silicon wafers, BK7, fused silica, SiO2, TiO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3, HfO2, Ru, Cr, Mo, and graphite to understand the influence of various substrate materials. This comprehensive study was carried out using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, X-ray reflectivity and diffraction, four-point probe resistivity and contact angle measurements, tape tests, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Within few ALD cycles, iridium islands occur on all substrates. Nevertheless, their size, shape, and distribution depend on the substrate. Ultra-thin (almost) closed Ir layers grow on a Ta2O5 seed layer after 100 cycles corresponding to about 5 nm film thickness. In contrast, the growth on Al2O3 and HfO2 is strongly inhibited. The iridium growth on silicon wafers is overall linear. On BK7, fused silica, SiO2, TiO2, Ta2O5, Ru, Cr, and graphite, three different growth regimes are distinguishable. The surface free energy of the substrates correlates with their iridium nucleation delay. Our work, therefore, demonstrates that substrates can significantly tailor the properties of ultra-thin films.
Conjugate Ionospheric Perturbation During the 2017 Solar Eclipse

We report new findings of total electron content (TEC) perturbations in the southern hemisphere at conjugate locations to the northern eclipse on August 21, 2017. We identified a persistent conjugate TEC depletion by 10%–15% during the eclipse time, elongating along magnetic latitudes with at least ∼5° latitudinal width. As the Moon's shadow swept southward, this conjugate depletion moved northward and became most pronounced at lower magnetic latitudes (>−20°N). This depletion was coincident with a weakening of the southern crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), while the northern EIA crest stayed almost undisturbed or was slightly enhanced. We suggest these conjugate perturbations were associated with dramatic eclipse initiated plasma pressure reductions in the flux tubes, with a large portion of shorter tubes located at low latitudes underneath the Moon's shadow. These short L‐shell tubes intersect with the F region ionosphere at low and equatorial latitudes. The plasma pressure gradient was markedly skewed northward in the flux tubes at low and equatorial latitudes, as was the neutral pressure. These effects caused a general northward motion tendency for plasma within the flux tubes, and inhibited normal southward diffusion of equatorial fountain plasma into the southern EIA region. We also identified posteclipse ionospheric disturbances likely associated with the global propagation of eclipse‐induced traveling atmospheric disturbances in alignment with the Moon's shadow moving direction.
Cheese Fortification: Review and Possible Improvements

ABSTRACT Food fortification includes micronutrient directly added or by probiotics in food matter, making the final product more enticing to the consumers. Dairy products well represent a category of foods to fortify successfully. Fortification properly enhances cheeses, including micronutrients into the casein matrix. The process exalts either nutritional or technological product features. Food fortification occurs with the adding of primary or secondary compounds from the agrifood production chain. Using vegetable by-products encourages circular economy, generating an eco-sustainable and consumer health-promoting compounds class. Organic compounds of interest result from probiotic microorganism’s activity, offering micronutrients to “enrich” the profile of the exalted cheese. Allogeneic probiotics may originate from specialised insects-borne microbiota. The latter class offers new challenges to improve the nutritional and sensorial profiles of cheeses. The review focuses on food fortification frameworks; cheese fortification approaches; microencapsulation and stabilisation; cheese fortification with mineral elements; cheese fortification with essential micronutrients; fortification with by-products of the agrifood industry; fortification with microorganisms. The review considers the cheese matter a driver and an operating carrier for elements and organic compound as vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and essential fatty acids. Organic compounds of interest result from probiotic microorganisms’ activity are enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, short-chain fatty acids and some vitamins (A and D). Specialised insects-borne microbiota confers typical smells, flavours, consistency and nutritional attributes, respecting high hygienic-sanitary standards. The review aims to summarise in a single text the techniques, micronutrients and microorganisms most used for Market-Driven Cheese Fortification. Also, there is no review in the literature that includes all these aspects together. The paragraphs are concise dissertations on the nutraceutical, technological and sensory properties of the most widely used fortifiers in cheese. The information reported derived from an in-depth analysis of the literature from 1977 to 2020.
Cobalt Sulfide as Counter Electrode in p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

We proposed a novel application of cobalt sulfide (CoS) in the configuration of transparent thin film as anode in p-type dye-sensitized solar cell (p-DSC). The anodes here considered have been prepared using a water-based method that is suitable for the large scale production of large-area electrodes. The photoactive cathodes of the p-DSC were mesoporous nickel oxide (NiO) thin films deposited via rapid discharge sintering. The NiO electrodes were sensitized with the benchmark dye erythrosine B (ERY), while the couple I−/I3− was the redox mediator. The CoS anodes showed higher electrocatalytic efficiency in comparison with the commonly used platinized Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (Pt-FTO). This was determined by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of CoS based dummy cells, with CoS showing a lower charge-transfer resistance with respect to Pt-FTO. The overall conversion efficiency of the p-DSC employing ERY-sensitized NiO as photoactive cathode and CoS anode was 0.026 %, a value very close to that obtained with Pt-FTO anodes (0.030 %). The external quantum efficiency spectra of the p-DSCs with CoS anodes were similar to those obtained with Pt-FTO anodes under illumination with AM 1.5 solar simulator.
Impact of Controlled Drainage and Subirrigation on Water Quality in the Red River Valley

The potential impact of controlled drainage (CD), which limits drainage outflow, and subirrigation (SI), which provides supplemental water through drain tile, on surface water quality are not well known in the Red River Valley (RRV). In this study, water samples were collected and analyzed for chemical concentrations from a tile-drained field that also has controlled drainage and subirrigation modes in the RRV of southeastern North Dakota from 2012–2018. A decreasing trend in overall nutrient load loss was observed because of reduced drainage outflow, though some chemical concentrations were found to be above the recommended surface water quality standards in this region. For example, sulfate was recommended to be below 750 mg/L but was reported at a mean value of 1971 mg/L during spring free drainage. The chemical composition of the subirrigation water was shown to have an impact on drainage water and the soil, specifically on salinity-related parameters, and the impact varied between years. This variation largely depended on the amount of subirrigation applied, soil moisture, and soil properties. Overall, the results of this study show the benefits of controlled drainage on nutrient loss reduction from agricultural fields.
Evaluation of GBLUP and Bayes-Alphabet Based on Different Marker Density For Genomic Prediction in Alpine Merino Sheep

BackgroundThe marker density, the heritability level of trait and the statistical models adopted are critical to the accuracy of genomic prediction (GP) or genomic selection (GS). The studies on the impact of the above factors on accuracy of GP are usually focused on the comparison and discussion of simulated datasets. If the potential of GS is to be fully utilized to optimize the effect of breeding and selection, it is essential to incorporate these factors into real data for understanding their impact on GP accuracy, more clearly and intuitively. Herein, we studied the genomic prediction of six wool traits of sheep by two different models, including genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), and Bayes-Alphabet. We adopted 5-fold cross-validation to perform the accuracy evaluation based on the genotyping data of Alpine Merino sheep (n=821). ResultsThe GP accuracy of the six traits was found to be between 0.28 and 0.60, as demonstrated by the cross-validation results. We showed that the accuracy of GP could be improved by increasing the marker density, which is closely related to the model adopted and the heritability level of the trait. Moreover, based on two different marker densities, it was derived that the prediction effect of GBLUP model for traits with low heritability was better (GBLUP has the highest accuracy of 28.57% higher than Bayes-Alphabet); while with the increase of heritability level, the advantage of Bayes-Alphabet would be more obvious, therefore, different models of GP are appropriate in different traits. ConclusionThis is the first study of optimization of GP has been applied to the domesticated Alpine Merino sheep populations. The main aim was to study the influence and interaction of different models and marker densities on GP accuracy. These findings indicated the significance of applying appropriate models for GP which would assist in further exploring the optimization of GP.
Phase 1 dose-escalation study of apatinib and irinotecan in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients

Background Apatinib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), has been used to treat esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. However, the dosage of apatinib varies greatly in clinical practice, and its safety in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients is unclear. Therefore, we initiated a phase 1 dose-escalation trial to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of apatinib when combined with irinotecan in ESCC. Methods The trial had a standard 3+3 design. The dosage of irinotecan was fixed at 150 mg/m2 repeated every 2 weeks, while the daily dosage of apatinib was escalated from 250 mg, to 500 mg, to 750 mg. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade 4 hematological or grade 3–4 non-hematological adverse events (AEs). Results Twelve patients were enrolled. Three DLTs occurred, comprising a grade 3 perianal abscess and a grade 3 case of kaliopenia in the level 3 cohort, and a grade 4 leukopenia in the level 2 cohort. Based on these DLTs, the MTD of apatinib was 500 mg daily. The most common AEs were leukopenia (91.7%), fatigue (91.7%), anemia (66.7%), and diarrhea (58.3%). One case of grade 2 hematochezia and one case of grade 2 subclavian vein thrombosis were observed. In the nine evaluable cases, the disease control rate (DCR) was 66.7% (6/9). The median progression-free and overall survival (OS) times were 3.6±1.2 and 6.6±3.4 months, respectively. Conclusions This phase 1 dose-escalation trial showed that, when combined with irinotecan, a daily dose of 500 mg apatinib was the optimum dose to treat ESCC.
Review on the Use of Alternative Carbon Sources in EAF Steelmaking

Steelmaking in the electric arc furnace (EAF), either scrap-based or based on hydrogen direct reduced iron, will in future contribute substantially to the reduction of CO2 emissions in the iron and steel industry. However, there still will be the need to introduce carbon into the EAF process either to carburize the steel or to create foaming slag to improve the energy efficiency of the melting process. So, to reach the emission reduction goals set around the world, it will be necessary to substitute fossil charge and injection carbon used in EAF steelmaking with alternative carbon sources. This review presents the recent research on carbon-neutral biomass-based and circular rubber or plastics-based carbon sources and their potential to substitute fossil charge or injection carbon in the EAF process. It also discusses the current state-of-the art and suggests further opportunities and needs for research and development to use alternative carbon sources to produce a really green and carbon neutral and/or fully circular steel.
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 genotypes in invasive isolates from Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 is an important cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Objective: To establish the circulating genotypes of S. pneumoniae serotype 3 isolates recovered from the invasive disease between 1994 to 2015 in Colombia. Materials and methods: Of the 365 S. pneumoniae serotype 3 isolates recovered through the laboratory national surveillance program, 117 isolates were analyzed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used for genotyping, and multilocus sequence typing was determined in representative isolates. Results: The frequency of this serotype increased from 2.7% between 1994 and 1998 to 9.1% between 2011 and 2015 (p=0.000); 91.7% of the isolates showed a genetic similarity greater than 77% and were related to the Netherlands3-31(PMEN31) clone CC180. Several subtypes were identified, two of which showed antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: In Colombia, the pneumococcal population of the capsular type 3 shows a continuous and homogeneous circulation relating to the clonal group ST-180.
Attention to Gender and Race in Interventions for Custodial Grandparents: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT The prevalence of custodial grandparenting in the United States and other Western countries has increased in the past decade. Custodial grandparents face challenges including navigating painful personal relationships and caring for children with trauma histories. These challenges may be exacerbated for custodial grandmothers, particularly African American custodial grandmothers, due to existing racial stereotypes and gendered expectations about parenting. Family therapy is uniquely suited to providing support to custodial grandparents and their families. This scoping review examined the current literature on interventions with custodial grandparents to assess sensitivity to issues related to race and gender. Twelve studies are reviewed, and prominent themes are identified and discussed. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.