Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Words that matter. Towards a Swedish-Czech colligational lexicon of basic verbs

nouns collocations, 25 abstraction, 19 affectedness of the patient, 46 affirmation, 46 affirmative, 37 aktionsart, 27 annotation tool, 92 anthropocentricity, 19 apposition, 58 argument shifting, 64 argument structure, 90 arguments, 90 aspect, 16, 27, 46, 93 atelic event, 37 auxiliary verbs, 18
Occupational lifting and risk of hypertension, strati�ed by use of anti-hypertensives, physical activity and age - a prospective cohort study

Background Prevalence of hypertension varies across occupations, maybe due to differences in exposure to occupational lifting. This study investigated associations between occupational lifting and hypertension, strati�ed by use of anti-hypertensives, leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) and age. Methods Data from the Copenhagen General Population Study were included. The Copenhagen General Population Study was approved by the local ethical committee (H-KF-01-144/01), and all participation were conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, school education, mental stress and baseline blood pressure (BP), were applied to estimate: the (i) cross-sectional association (n=67,363) between occupational lifting and hypertension (using anti-hypertensives or BP ≥ 140/ ≥ 90 mmHg), (ii) prospective association (n=7,020) between occupational lifting and risk of an above median change in systolic BP (baseline to follow-up) and/or a shift from no use to use of anti-hypertensives, among the included population and strati�ed by use of anti-hypertensives, LTPA, OPA and age. Results Cross-sectionally, heavy occupational lifting lowered hypertension risk. Mean baseline BP, showed that the higher the level of LTPA the lower mean BP across all levels of OPA were, but only among those not using anti-hypertensives. The prospective analysis showed occupational lifting to increase the risk of hypertension, among workers aged ≥ 50 years, or reporting light to moderate LTPA. Conclusions This study �nds positive associations between occupational lifting and risk for hypertension among workers aged ≥ 50 years. Further research on the association between occupational lifting and precursors of cardiovascular disease are needed before recommendations for occupational lifting and cardiovascular health can be established.
New Records and Observations on Paleo-American Artifacts from Cerro Largo, Northeastern Uruguay and a Peculiar Case of Reclaimed Fishtail Points

A research program directed to deepening the knowledge and understanding of Paleo-American “fishtail” points is being carried out. In pursuit this goal, lithic remains from Cerro Largo department, northeastern Uruguay is examined. One of the samples comes from Paso Centurion, a surface site that has yielded the greatest number of fishtail points in Uruguay. There, and at the Paso Taborda site, several exemplars were reworked as scraping tools, constituting a peculiar case of stone tool recycling and reclaiming by post-Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. The examined collection shed new light on regional lithic assemblages, stone tool behavior and the early colonization of southeastern South America. Additionally, the study of other Uruguayan fishtails show the use of edge-to-edge and overshot flaking, technical features shared with Paleoindian fishtailed points from North and Central America. Similarities with other Paleoindian points from both hemispheres of the New World in relation to the SouthAmerican fishtail origins are discussed.
USE OF STRONG MOTION DURATION FOR RAPID EVALUATION OF FAULT PARAMETERS

A simple method is developed for rapid determination of fault parameters of a large shallow earthquake from the azimuthal dependence in duration of strong ground motion. The fault length and the direction of rupture propagation can be evaluated by this method within a short time after the earthquake origin time. As an example, the fault parameters are determined for the Tokachi-Oki earthquake of May 16, 1968. They are consistent with the main rupture process revealed by other investigators from far-field long-period seismic records, near-field strong motion records and aftershock distribution. Thus, the present method may be applicable to near-field tsunami warning, provided that a sufficient number of digital accelerographs are installed with a good azimuthal coverage.
Identification of extreme precipitation threat across midlatitude regions based on short‐wave circulations

The most severe thunderstorms, producing extreme precipitation, occur over subtropical and midlatitude regions. Atmospheric conditions conducive to organized, intense thunderstorms commonly involve the coupling of a low‐level jet (LLJ) with a synoptic short wave. The midlatitude synoptic activity is frequently modulated by the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT), in which meridional gradients of the jet stream act as a guide for short Rossby waves. Previous research has linked extreme precipitation events with either the CGT or the LLJ but has not linked the two circulation features together. In this study, a circulation‐based index was developed by combining (a) the degree of the CGT and LLJ coupling, (b) the extent to which this CGT‐LLJ coupling connects to regional precipitation and (c) the spatial correspondence with the CGT (short wave) trending pattern over the recent 32 years (1979–2010). Four modern‐era global reanalyses, in conjunction with four gridded precipitation data sets, were utilized to minimize spurious trends. The results are suggestive of a link between the CGT/LLJ trends and several recent extreme precipitation events, including those leading to the 2008 Midwest flood in U.S., the 2011 tornado outbreaks in southeastern U.S., the 2010 Queensland flood in northeastern Australia, and to the opposite side the 2012 central U.S. drought. Moreover, an analysis of three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models from the historical experiments points to the role of greenhouse gases in forming the CGT trends during the warm season.
Efectividad de los trabajos de creación artificial de Playa Don Lino, Cuba

This paper shows the results of the works of artificial beach creation by means of beach nourishment technique along 300 m of coast in west creek at Don Lino coastal sector. After eight years, the beach retains a sand volume of 28149.04 m3 that represents 72.63% of the completely poured material. It appreciated a beach general tendency to lose sand and seasonal morphodynamic behavior between winter and summer, being compensated the losses between the eastern and western part of the beach. The biggest percentages of loss of sand takes place at the end of the summer (August) and at beginnings of the winter (January, February); maintaining certain dynamic stability the rest of the months. In addition, it observes a decrease of the sand half-grain side of the beach toward a finer one, with a general tendency to fall at the end of the winter.
Evaluate Bull Trout Movements in the Tucannon and Lower Snake Rivers, 2001-2002 Annual Report.

We sampled and released 313 bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) from the Tucannon River in 2004. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags were inserted in 231 of these individuals, and we detected existing PIT tags in an additional 44 bull trout. Twenty-five of these were also surgically implanted with radio-tags, and we monitored the movements of these fish throughout the year. Ten bull trout that were radio-tagged in 2003 were known to survive and carry their tags through the spring of 2004. One of these fish outmigrated into the Snake River in the fall, and remained undetected until February, when it's tag was located near the confluence of Alkali Flat Creek and the Snake River. The remaining 9 fish spent the winter between Tucannon River miles 2.1 (Powers Road) and 36.0 (Tucannon Fish Hatchery). Seven of these fish retained their tags through the summer, and migrated to known spawning habitat prior to September 2004. During June and July, radio-tagged bull trout again exhibited a general upstream movement into the upper reaches of the Tucannon subbasin. As in past years, we observed some downstream movements of radio-tagged bull trout in mid to late September and throughout October, suggesting post spawning outmigrations. By late more » November and early December, radio tagged bull trout were relatively stationary, and were distributed from river mile 42 at Camp Wooten downstream to river mile 17, near the Highway 12 bridge. As in previous years, we did not collect data associated with objectives 2, 3, or 4 of this study, because we were unable to monitor migratory movement of radio-tagged bull trout into the vicinity of the hydropower dams on the main stem Snake River. Transmission tests of submerged Lotek model NTC-6-2 nano-tags in Lower Granite Pool showed that audible detection and individual tag identification was possible at depths of 20, 30, and 40 ft. We were able to maintain tag detection and code separation at all depths from both a boat and 200 ft. above water surface in a helicopter. However, we lost detection capability from 40 ft. water depth when we passed 700 ft. above the water surface in a helicopter. Two years of high tag loss, particularly after spawning, has prevented us from documenting fall and winter movements with an adequate sample of radio tagged bull trout. The high transmitter loss after spawning may be a reflection of high natural mortality for large, older age fish that we have been radio tagging to accommodate the longer life transmitters. Therefore, we reduced the size of the radio tags that we implanted, and delayed most of our collection and tagging of bull trout until after spawning. These changes are a new approach to try to maximize the number of radio tagged bull trout available post spawning to adequately document fall and winter movements and any use of the Snake River by bull trout from the Tucannon River. « less
On the relationship between surface and basal properties on glaciers, ice sheets, and ice streams

The influence of basal disturbances on the steady state surface topography and on surface velocities of glaciers and ice sheets is investigated numerically. This is done for finite amplitude basal perturbations in both bed topography and basal slipperiness using a nonlinear ice rheology and a nonlinear sliding law. The effects of varying the exponent n in Glen's flow law on transfer characteristics are mainly quantitative and do not affect qualitative aspects of the transfer amplitudes and phase shifts, such as the number of maxima and inflection points when plotted as functions of wavelength. In particular, the well-known maximum in bed-to-surface transfer amplitude for a Newtonian medium at sufficiently high slip ratios (ratio between mean sliding velocity and mean ice deformational velocity) also forms for n > 1. Transfer amplitudes generally become smaller with increasing n for wavelengths less than about 3 times the mean ice thickness (h). For larger wavelengths the situation is reversed and transfer amplitudes increase with n. For active ice streams, characterized by high basal slipperiness, low surface slopes ( 0.5) and fairly constant for all wavelengths longer than about 3-5h. With increasing n and decreasing surface slope the lower limit of wavelengths over which horizontal stress gradients can be ignored increases markedly. Perturbation solutions for Newtonian medium are found to give an accurate description of the transfer characteristics for bedrock amplitudes up to 50% ice thickness and for fractional amplitudes of slipperiness perturbations up to 0.5.
Low‐frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta Earthquake

The authors report the results of measurements of low frequency magnetic noise by two independent monitoring systems prior to the occurrence of the M{sub s} 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989. Their measurements cover 25 narrow frequency bands in the more than six-decade frequency range 0.01 Hz-32 kHz, with a time resolution varying from a half hour in the ULF range (0.01-10 Hz) to one second in the ELF/VLF range (10 Hz-32 kHz). The ULF system is located near Corralitos, about 7 km from the epicenter. The ELF/VLF system is located on the Stanford campus, about 52 km from the epicenter. Analysis of the ELF/VLF system is located on the Stanford campus, about 52 km from the epicenter. Analysis of the ELF/VLF data has revealed no precursor activity that they can identify at this time. However, the ULF data have some distinctive and anomalous features. First, a narrow-band signal appeared in the range 0.05-0.2 Hz around September 12 and persisted until the appearance of the second anomalous feature, which consisted of a substantial increase in the noise background starting on 5 October and covering almost the entire frequency range of the ULF system. Third, there was an anomalousmore » dip in the noise background in the range 0.2-5 Hz, starting one day ahead of the earthquake. Finally, and perhaps most compelling, there was an increase to an exceptionally high level of activity in the range 0.01-0.5 Hz starting approximately three hours before the earthquake. There do not appear to have been any magnetic field fluctuations originating in the upper atmosphere that can account for this increase. Further, while the systems are sensitive to motion, seismic measurements indicate that there were no significant shocks preceding the quake. Thus, the various anomalous features in the data, and in particular the large-amplitude increase in activity starting three hours before the quake, may have been magnetic precursors. « less
Aalborg Universitet Structural optimization with fatigue and ultimate limit constraints of jacket structures for large offshore wind turbines

The purpose of the research presented in this paper is to develop and implement an efficient method for analytical gradient-based sizing optimization of a support structure for offshore wind turbines. In the jacket structure optimization of frame member diameter and thickness, both fatigue limit state, ultimate limit state, and frequency constraints are included. The established framework is demonstrated on the OC4 reference jacket with the NREL 5 MW reference wind turbine installed at a deep water site. The jacket is modeled using 3D Timoshenko beam elements. The aero-servo-elastic loads are determined using the multibody software HAWC2, and the wave loads are determined using the Morison equation. Analytical sensitivities are found using both the direct differentiation method and the adjoint method. An effective formulation of the fatigue gradients makes the amount of adjoint problems that needs to be solved independent of the amount of load cycles included in the analysis. Thus, a large amount of time-history loads can be applied in the fatigue analysis, resulting in a good representation of the accumulated fatigue damage. A reduction of 40% mass is achieved in 23 iterations using the CPLEX optimizer by IBM ILOG, where both fatigue and ultimate limit state constraints are active at the optimum.
Potential Vorticity Distribution in the North Pacific

Abstract Vertical sections and maps of potential vorticity ρ−1f∂ρ/∂z for the North Pacific are presented. On shallow isopycnals, high potential vorticity is found in the tropics, subpolar gyre, and along the eastern boundary of the subtropical gyre, all associated with Ekman upwelling. Low potential vorticity is found in the western subtropical gyre (subtropical mode water), in a separate patch near the sea surface in the eastern subtropical gyre and extending around the gyre, and near sea-surface outcrops in the subpolar gyre; the last is analogous to the subpolar mode water of the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Meridional gradients of potential vorticity are high between the subtropical and subpolar gyres at densities which outcrop only in the subpolar gyre; lateral gradients of potential vorticity are low in large regions of the subtropical gyre on these isopycnals. On slightly denser isopycnals which do not outcrop in the North Pacific, there are large regions of low potential vorticity gradients .
Flow paths and phosphorus transfer pathways in two agricultural streams with contrasting flow controls

In this paper, we analyse 4 years of data from simultaneous high‐frequency monitoring of streamflow and phosphorus (P) concentration. This was carried out to investigate hydrological flow paths and P transfer pathways from diffuse sources in two intensively farmed river catchments (~10 km2) with contrasting flow controls and dominating flow paths. Catchment scale P loss was viewed on an annual and event flow basis and related to hydrological flow paths. A grassland catchment with mostly poorly drained soils, and a higher Q10:Q90 ratio (60 compared with 24), had three times higher annual P loss than an arable catchment with mostly well‐drained soils (1.04 compared with 0.34 kg TP ha−1) despite the arable catchment having larger areas with high soil P status and more discharge. Neither of the catchments indicated supply limitations. The magnitude of the P losses from the two catchments was not defined by land use, source pressure or discharge volume but rather by more basic rainfall‐to‐runoff partitioning influences that determine proportions of quickflow and slowflow. There were larger differences between the years than between the catchments, and the P loss of the arable catchment appeared more sensitive to climate. The results confirmed the need to manage the quickflow components of runoff to moderate P transfers. Therefore, in order to further reduce diffuse pollution it may be necessary to account for the contrast in hydrological function before or in addition to any of the other factors known to influence P losses from catchments (such as soil P and land use). Schemes designed to attenuate diffuse P after mobilization from soil surfaces can then be targeted (and resourced) more effectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi-scale Fracture Analysis from an Outcrop Analogue: A Case Study from the Cambro-Ordovician Sequence in Petra, Jordan

Natural fractures occur over several orders of size magnitude. Accurately predicting the three-dimensional and multi-scale distribution of fractures in subsurface reservoirs is very difficult. Direct observations are limited to large-scale faults visible on seismic data and high-resolution, mostly small-scale, measurements of fractures intersecting the well, valid only in the direct vicinity of the wellbore. Analogue outcrop studies can be used to help fill in the gaps. The multi-scale properties of the natural fracture network exposed in the Cambro-Ordovician siliciclastic sequence in Petra, Jordan, are captured and it is investigated how these properties can be applied for the characterization of subsurface fractured reservoirs. The thesis consists of a series of chapters describing the geology of the study area, the results of the multi-scale fracture study in Jordan, followed by an analysis of the network connectivity using percolation theory and discrete fracture network models. The thesis is concluded by the results of numerical experiments where the influence of stress rotation on the re-activation of pre-existing fractures is investigated to help understand the evolution of complex networks consisting of multiple fracture sets.
Boeing 18-Inch Fan Rig Broadband Noise Test

The purposes of the subject test were to identify and quantify the mechanisms by which fan broadband noise is produced, and to assess the validity of such theoretical models of those mechanisms as may be available. The test was conducted with the Boeing 18-inch fan rig in the Boeing Low-Speed Aeroacoustic Facility (LSAF). The rig was designed to be particularly clean and geometrically simple to facilitate theoretical modeling and to minimize sources if interferring noise. The inlet is cylindrical and is equipped with a boundary layer suction system. The fan is typical of modern high-by-pass ratio designs, but is capable of operating with or without fan exit guide vanes (sators), and there is only a single flow stream. Fan loading and tip clearance are adjustable. Instrumentation included measurements of fan performance, the unsteady flow field incident on the fan and stators, and far-field and in-duct acoustic fields. The acoustic results were manipulated to estimate the noise generated by different sources. Significant fan broadband noise was found to come from the rotor self-noise as measured with clean inflow and no boundary layer. The rotor tip clearance affected rotor self-noise somewhat. The interaction of the rotor with inlet boundary layer turbulence is also a significant source, and is strongly affected by rotor tip clearance. High level noise can be generated by a high-order nonuniformity rotating at a fraction of the fan speed, at least when tip clearance and loading are both large. Stator-generated noise is the loudest of the significant sources, by a small margin, at least on this rig. Stator noise is significantly affected by propagation through the fan.
Networks and informal mutual support in 15 Ethiopian Villages.

The authors thank the Food-For-Peace Office of USAID and the World Food Programme for generously funding the survey work and DfID and CAPRi for funding the analysis that underlies this paper; in particular, we thank P. E. Balakrishnan, Robin Jackson, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Malcolm Ridout, and Will Whelan for their support. We have benefited from superb research assistance from Yisehac Yohannes. The data used in this paper were collected in collaboration with the Economics Department, Addis Ababa University. It is a pleasure to acknowledge our primary collaborator, Tassew Woldehanna. Errors are ours.
Hormone loads exported by a tile‐drained agroecosystem receiving animal wastes

Little is known regarding hormone export from tile‐drained agricultural fields despite the widespread presence of tile drains in the Midwestern United States. By intensively measuring water flow rates and hormone concentrations in four subsurface tile drains and three receiving ditches at a working Midwest farm, hormone fluxes and loads from the tile‐drained fields were quantified. Before and during the 17‐month study period (January 2009 – May 2010), the associated farm fields received various animal waste applications (beef, dairy, poultry, sheep, and swine). Hormones monitored included the estrogens17β‐ and 17α‐estradiol, estrone, and estriol; the natural androgens testosterone, and androstenedione; and the synthetic androgens 17β‐ and 17α‐trenbolone, and trendione. Hormone loads measured in the ditches for three drainage areas during the entire 17‐month study period were in ranges of 16–58 mg/ha for total estrogens, 6.8–19 mg/ha for natural androgens, and 4.2–44 mg/ha for synthetic androgens. Because higher hormone concentrations generally occurred during discrete periods of increased flow, high flow rates often were associated with a disproportionately high hormone flux. For example, 80% of total estrogens and natural androgens exported into the ditches occurred during only 9–26% of the study period, coinciding with the most significant storm events. In addition, hormone fluxes were highest during storm events that occurred shortly after animal waste applications. Therefore, to effectively reduce hormone loads exported to downstream aquatic ecosystems in the absence of any application reduction, the short periods during which high‐flow events occur must be targeted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.