Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure to a severe illness prototype, perceptions of severity, and coping responses

Στόχος αυτής της πeιραματικής μeλέτης ήταν να eξeταστeί η σχέση της έκθeσης στο «πρότυπο ασθένeιας» του καρκίνου του πνeύμονα μe την αντίληψη για τη σοβαρότητα της ασθένeιας αυτής, την αναγνώριση της ασθένeιας, καθώς και τις αντιδράσeις διαχeίρισής της. Διακόσιοι δέκα φοιτητές eκτέθηκαν σe διάφορα σeνάρια eνός προσώπου που υπέφeρe από συμπτώματα καρκίνου του πνeύμονα. Οι συμμeτέχοντeς χωρίστηκαν μe τυχαίο τρόπο σe δύο ομάδeς: οι μισοί κλήθηκαν να φανταστούν τον eαυτό τους ως τον ασθeνή που υπέφeρe τα συμπτώματα, και οι άλλοι μισοί να φασταστούν ως ασθeνή «κάποιον άλλο που γνωρίζουν». Μeτά την παρουσίαση κάθe σeναρίου, οι συμμeτέχοντeς καλούντο να απαντήσουν σe μια σeιρά eρωτήσeων σχeτικά μe την αντιληπτή σοβαρότητα των συμπτωμάτων της ασθένeιας, τις πιθανές δράσeις διαχeίρισης της ασθένeιας και την αναγνώριση της ασθένeιας. MANOVA eπαναληπτικών μeτρήσeων, αναλύσeις ρύθμισης, συσχeτίσeις και χ 2 κριτήρια χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την ανάλυση των δeδομένων. Σύμφωνα μe τα eυρήματα, η σταδιακή έκθeση σe όλο και σοβαρότeρα συμπτώματα σχeτίστηκe μe αυξανόμeνη αντίληψη της σοβαρότητα της ασθένeιας, αυξανόμeνη πιθανότητα χρήσης eνός eνeργητικού πλάνου διαχeίρισης της ασθένeιας (π.χ., αναζήτηση ιατρικής φροντίδας), και ακριβέστeρη αναγνώριση της ασθένeιας. Η αντιληπτή σοβαρότητα της ασθένeιας σχeτίστηκe θeτικά μe χρήση πeρισσότeρο eνeργητικών συμπeριφορών διαχeίρισης της ασθένeιας. Οι πeρισσότeροι συμμeτέχοντeς αναγνώρισαν λανθασμένα την ασθένeια ως οξeία στην πλeιονότητα των σeναρίων. Οι συμμeτέχοντeς στην ομάδα που τους ζητήθηκe να σκeφτούν ένα άλλο πρόσωπο ως ασθeνή ανέφeραν ως πeρισσότeρο πιθανή τη χρήση eνeργητικών συμπeριφορών. Τα eυρήματα προσφέρουν στήριξη σe αρκeτές πλeυρές του Μοντέλου της Κοινής Λογικής ως προς το ρόλο των προτύπων ασθένeιας. Eπίσης, δeίχνουν ότι τα πρότυπα ασθένeιας eίναι eυέλικτeς, δυναμικές κατασκeυές οι οποίeς μeταβάλλονται ανάλογα μe τις ιδιαιτeρότητeς κάθe κατάτασης.
MONETARY POLICY AND STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA

The study examined the effect of monetary policy on stock market performance in Nigeria. It employed intermediate monetary policy targets as proxies for monetary policies of the Central Bank of Nigeria and All Share Index as proxy for stock market performance. Monetary policy variables include money supply, interest rate and exchange rate all of which were obtained from the CBN statistical bulletin. The time frame covered 1986 to 2015. Statistical analysis employed was OLS regression technique. The results showed that money supply and exchange rate fluctuation have significant positive effect on stock market price movement, while Interest rate has insignificant negative effect on stock market price movement. On the overall, the results show that monetary policy variables significantly determines 94% of the stock market performance movements in Nigeria. The study posits that monetary policy has a very high determining influence on stock market performance which implies that monetary policy can be used to control stock market activities in Nigeria. It thus recommends, among others that the monetary authorities should make information relevant for securities available to the stock market participants and also make sure the transparency and accountability of audit reports.
Corruption, Tax Evasion, and Economic Development in Economies with Decentralised Tax Administrative System

This theoretical paper looks into joint determination of corruption and development where there is a decentralised bureaucratic setup in a multi-tiered system: tier one bureaucrats and tier two bureaucrats. Corruption takes place at two levels, firstly when tier one bureaucrats collude with households for tax evasion, and secondly when tier one and tier two bureaucrats collude to hide corruption. This paper determines that at high levels of corruption, there is low development, and at a low incidence of corruption, there is high development. This paper postulates that for a developing country like Pakistan, low tax collection due to poor institutional decentralisation leads to low economic growth and development. JEL Classifications: E02, E26, E42 Keywords: Corruption, Tax Evasion, Economic Growth
Seed Yield and Quality Traits of Some Flax Cultivars as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Plant Density

Two field experiments were conducted on the Experimental Farm at El-Gemmeiza Research Station, Gharbia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 to investigate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer rates (30, 50 and 70 kg N/fed) and three plant densities (1500, 2000 and 2500 seeds/m) on seed and oil yield and its related traits of three flax cultivars (Sakha 3 Giza 11 and Giza 12). The experimental design was laid out using split-split plot design in four replications. Flax cultivars were distributed in the main plots, whereas nitrogen fertilizer rates were arranged at random in sub-plots and plant densities treatments were assigned at random in sub-sub plots. The sub-sub plot area was 9 m. Giza 11 cultivar significantly recorded the maximum mean values in No. of upper branches/plant, No. of capsules/plant, No. of seeds/plant, seed index, seed yield/plant, seed yield/fed, harvest index, oil yield/plant and oil yield/fed in two seasons. Meanwhile, the maximum mean values of seed oil content in both seasons were obtained from Giza 12 cultivar. While, flax cultivar of Sakha 3 significantly gave the maximum upper branching zone length and No. of seeds/capsule in both seasons. All seed and oil yield and its related traits of flax were significantly increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 30 to 50 and 70 kg N/fed under study in two seasons. Flax plants growing at lowest plant density (1500 seeds/m) markedly gave the greatest mean values of upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches/plant, No. of capsules/plant, No. of seeds/plant, seed yield/plant, harvest index and oil yield/plant in both seasons. Meanwhile, the maximum mean values of seed yield/fed and oil yield/fed which were obtained from flax planting at highest plant density (2500 seeds/m) in both seasons. The first order interactions between treatments Giza 11 X 70 kg N/fed, Giza 11 X 1500 seeds/m and 70 kg N/fed X 1500 seeds/m as well as the second order interaction between treatments Giza 11 X 70 kg N/fed X 1500 seeds/m were significantly recorded the greatest seed and oil yield of individual plants as compared with the others interactions in both seasons. While, the maximum mean values of seed and oil yield/fed were recorded from the first order interactions between treatments Giza 11 X 70 kg N/fed, Giza 11 X 2500 seeds/m and 70 kg N/fed X 2500 seeds/m as well as the second order interaction between treatments Giza 11 X 70 kg N/fed X 2500 seeds/m. It could be concluded that flax planting cultivar of Giza 11 and fertilizing by 70 kg N/fed with plant density of 2500 seeds/m to maximizing seed and oil yield/fed.
The Effect of Corporate Governance on Earnings Management

This study aimed to examine the effect of corporate governance on earnings management. Independent variables used in this study are the proportion of independent board, audit committee, the structure of managerial ownership and institutional ownership structure. The ratio of independent commission was measured to study the percentage of the number in the independent board t o entire board of commissioners in the company. Audit committee in this research do, that was calculated by adding up the audit committee in the company. The managerial ownership structure is measured by the percentage of shares owned by managers of the total shares outstanding. The institutional ownership structure is measured by the percentage of shares owned by the institutions of the total shares outstanding. Earnings management as the dependent variable proxied by discretionary accruals and is calculated by the modified Jones model. This research was conducted using data from documentation using www.idx. co.id, Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD). The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regressions. This study used a sample of manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2013-2016. The results showed the simultaneous variable proportion of independent board, audit committee, the structure of managerial ownership and institutional ownership structure have a significant effect on earnings management. However, only the precarious balanc e of independent board is a substanti a l effect on earnings management.
Supplementary material to "Eccentricity-paced atmospheric carbon-dioxide variations across the
middle Miocene climate transition"

The middle Miocene climate transition ∼ 14 Ma marks a fundamental step towards the current “ice-house” climate, with a ∼ 1 ‰ δ18O increase and a ∼ 1 ‰ transient δ13C rise in the deep ocean, indicating rapid expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet associated with a change in the operation of the global carbon cycle. The variation of atmospheric CO2 across the carbon-cycle perturbation has been intensely debated as proxy records of pCO2 for this time interval are sparse and partly contradictory. Using boron isotopes (δ11B) in planktonic foraminifers from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1092 in the South Atlantic, we show that long-term pCO2 varied at 402 kyr periodicity between ∼ 14.3 and 13.2 Ma and follows the global δ13C variation remarkably well. This suggests a close link to precessional insolation forcing modulated by eccentricity, which governs the monsoon and hence weathering intensity, with enhanced weathering and decreasing pCO2 at high eccentricity and vice versa. The ∼ 50 kyr lag of δ13C and pCO2 behind eccentricity in our records may be related to the slow response of weathering to orbital forcing. A pCO2 drop of∼ 200 μatm before 13.9 Ma may have facilitated the inception of icesheet expansion on Antarctica, which accentuated monsoondriven carbon cycle changes through a major sea-level fall, invigorated deep-water ventilation, and shelf-to-basin shift of carbonate burial. The temporary rise in pCO2 following Antarctic glaciation would have acted as a negative feedback on the progressing glaciation and helped to stabilize the climate system on its way to the late Cenozoic ice-house world.
Buffering capacity studies in a rural and an urban wetland in Lake Victoria catchment, Uganda

Wetlands are known to filter water from catchments by retaining solid waste and eroded sediments from catchment areas. They reduce the impact of flooding, speed of flow, and hence store water while releasing it slowly. The extent to which the wetlands perform this role has been investigated in two wetlands, Kinawataka with an industrial and heavily populated catchment, and Kisoma with subsistence agricultural catchment. Water samples were collected once a month from measurable streams entering the wetlands, along transects within the wetland and at the out flow. Parameters investigated included pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, orthophosphates, total phosphorus, nitrates, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand. Results showed that the urban Kinawataka wetland received a lot of pollution from its catchment and this was considerably reduced as the water moves through it to the out flow. Reductions of Total Nitrogen(TN) to about 50% and Total Phosphorus (TP) to about 10% were noted. The rural Kisoma wetland, however, received fewer nutrients from its catchment but releases more in its out flow. There were increases in orthophosphates to about 50%, TP to 40% and TN to 22%. In situations where wetlands received large volumes of water especially after a heavy storm or during floods, their capacity to buffer becomes impaired; hence materials from the catchment would pass through them un-buffered. This paper discusses the performance of wetlands as buffering units for the reservoirs where the water is proceeding. It is suggested that wetland buffering depends on the amount of nutrients and water inflow from the catchment, the wetland-slope, nature of the vegetation, size of the wetland, catchment rainfall and anthropogenic characteristics. The conditions within the wetlands modify the nature of the nutrients as the water flows through them.
Eco-Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency on the Example of Small and Medium-Sized Family Farms in the Selected European Countries

Small and medium-sized family farms are the place of life and source of income for about half of the population. The aim of the analysis was to determine the relationship between Eco-Efficiency, Human Capital Efficiency in small and medium-sized family farms. The analyses were carried out using an economic measure (value of agricultural production per work hour calculated per 1 ha) and synthetic measures: human capital and environmental measures. The synthetic measures were determined using the CRITIC-TOPSIS method by defining weights for variables used in the synthetic measures. The analyses covered five countries, namely: Lithuania (960 farms), Moldova (532 farms), Poland (696 farms), Romania (872 farms), and Serbia (524 farms). All the countries qualified for analysis are characterised by a high fragmentation of agricultural holdings. The analyses carried out allowed us to formulate the following conclusions: the Eco-Efficiency and Human Capital Efficiency indexes increase with area for small and medium-sized family agricultural farms. An increase in the Eco-Efficiency index with an increase in farm area leads to a suspicion that the smaller the farm area is, the more extensive the agricultural production being carried out. In addition, an increase in human capital efficiency with an increase in the area of a farm indicates that there is inefficiency in the utilisation of human capital resources in the agricultural farms studied.
Language Ability and Memory for a Story among Kapampangan- Speaking Multilingual Children

Language and thought interact with each other. This study hypothesized that language ability would predict memory for a story. Participants were 146 six-to-nine-year-old native Kapampangan-speaking multilinguals. Each age-based group of not more than 10 children was told an unfamiliar Kapampangan story in big book format. Recognition of whether information was previously encountered in the story was measured twice: right after the story session (baseline memory) and six to seven days after (delayed memory). Kapampangan language ability was assessed through a measure of expressive vocabulary. Executive functioning skills (inhibitory control and working memory) were measured and controlled. Results showed age differences in all the variables. Participants’ baseline memory was better than their delayed memory. Consistent with the hypothesis, hierarchical regressions revealed that language ability significantly predicted baseline and delayed memory for a story – even after controlling for the contributions of age and executive functioning. Analyses of covariance indicated that even after controlling for age, children with good language ability had significantly better baseline and delayed memory for a story than those with below average language ability. The findings suggest that language ability is linked to memory, implying that improvements in language ability will enhance memory skills.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF NANO BORON, COPPER, INOCULATION OF ANABAENA SP. AND MAGNETIZING WATER ON YIELD OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUML.)

An experiment was conducted at Al-Hadhara district, located in AlDiwaniyah city, during the growth season 20182019 by using the pots have each one a 5 kg of soil for cultivating garlic (Allium sativum L.) in order to determine the response of garlic to different concentrations of nano-boron and copper, inoculation of Anabaena sp. and magnetized water on the yield of garlic. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was adopted for a factorial experiment consisting of three factors (5 × 2 × 3): The first factor consisted of five concentrations of nano-boron (0, 2, 4) g.L and copper (1, 2) g.L. The second factor includes the inoculating soil of Anabaena sp. The third factor consisted of three intensities of magnetized water (0, 500, and 1000) gauss with three replicates for each treatment, including the total experiment 90 experimental units 45 of them were inoculated of algae. The highest total yield of 29.23 ton.hectar was obtained with the application of boron 4 g. L. Among the boron levels application of 2 g. L gave a higher yield of 28.67 ton.hectar than copper levels application of 1, 2 g. L that of (26.91, 27.83) ton.hectar respectively, while control treatment of 22.78 ton.hectar. Inoculation of algae showed a higher effect of (28.44 ton.hectar) than without (25.40 ton.hectar). Magnetized water had significant effect under 1000 gauss intensity of (28.19 ton.hectar) comparison with 500 gauss intensity (26.09 ton.hectar) or control treatment (26.09 ton.hectar). Biological yield affected of these factors significantly. It was high under boron 4 g. L of (49 ton.hectar) while control (37.81). Inoculated plants were showed (43.66 ton. hectare) comparison with control (41.91 ton.hectar). Magnetized water has an effect on this trait under 1000 gauss (46.58 ton.hectar), while the control (42.58 ton.hectar).
The Use of World Water Resources in the Irrigation of Field Cultivations

The paper concerns evaluation of the exploitation of the world’s water resources for irrigating field crops. It was determined that the volume of water used in 2020 in all sectors of the economy in relation to the world’s freshwater resources will amount to 31 to 38% of the available resources. It has been found that globally, in the period 1900–2100, the agricultural sector has the highest consumption of fresh water. Therefore, there is a need for rational use of water, especially when irrigating field crops. Hence, the paper describes the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of irrigation. The indicators from the Water use efficiency group, which consider the yield obtained from a given area and the sum of irrigation doses, were considered the most reliable form of evaluation. Determining the indicator should also be accompanied by a presentation of the scope of work related to irrigation, water quality, cultivation techniques, fertilization and environmental conditions of the growing season. The work characterizes the selected pressure irrigation systems, considering their advantages and disadvantages. On this basis, the paper presents the adaptation of the SWOT analysis for two irrigation systems: a reel sprinkler with a water cannon and a drip tape.
Unilateral Tuberculous Renal Insufficiency: A Case Report And Review Of Literature

Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The kidneys are the most common sites, secondary to the hematogenous spread of the disease. Although it causes various genitourinary conditions, including obstructive uropathy, interstitial nephritis, glomerulopathy, chronic kidney disease and even end stage renal disease (ESRD), atypical clinical symptoms and radiologic findings may lead to a lack of awareness regarding compromised renal function among patients. Diagnostic awareness may prevent unnecessary morbidity. Thus, GUTB should be considered in patients presenting with atypical clinical symptoms and radiologic findings, particularly in those with a history of tuberculosis. A 43-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic left nephrectomy based on the clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive uropathy with a non-functional kidney. Cystically dilated, a small sized-atrophic kidney showed microscopically severe renal parenchymal injuries such as diffuse and global glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, extensive interstitial inflammation, and cystically dilated renal pelvis, all consistent with the clinical diagnosis of a non-functional kidney. Along with these findings, multifocal granulomas with caseous necrosis were frequently found and these areas are positive for AFP and Tbc-PCR. Herein, we report a patient with renal TB showing histological findings of ESRD, radiologic urinary obstruction and no prominent clinical symptoms. Long-term untreated GUTB may progress to ESRD leading to a non-functional kidney that should be surgically resected. Diagnostic awareness may prevent unnecessary morbidity. Hence, this diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with atypical clinical and radiological findings, and particularly in those with a history of TB.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Subclinical Hypothyroid Dysfunction Patients: A Case Control Study

Background: the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism worldwide is commoner than the overt disease. Limited studies discussed the vitamin D levels in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Giving vitamin D supplements may prevent form developing overt hypothyroidism. In this cross-sectional case-control study, we described the differences in the vitamin D of adult Saudis with and without subclinical hypothyroid dysfunction. Methods: This is an observational single-center, retrospective, age, and sex matched, case-control study. A total of 60 subjects [41 healthy controls, 19 subclinical hypothyroid case] were included. 25(OH) vitamin D, TSH, free T4 and free T3 are measured in both groups. Results: Subjects with subclinical hypothyroid dysfunction had a significantly lower serum Vitamin D than controls (p value 0.016) although both groups fall below vitamin D sufficiency levels. Correlation is found between both vitamin D and TSH, p value 0.036. but it was found to be less statistically significant positive relation, r value is 0.279, (R square = .078, beta regression coefficient = -.055 and p value <0.0005) Conclusion: Patients with hypothyroid dysfunction showed much lower serum vitamin D compared to controls but it has not that big role in early hypothyroid disorders as shown in less significant relation.
Evaluation of Antagonistic Potential of Actinomycetes against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Present investigation was carried out to isolate actinomycetes from soil as biocontrol agent to control the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Total 40 isolates were obtained from soils of various agricultural fields as well as waste dumping sites. Out of total 40, three isolates showed maximum inhibition of mycelium growth of phyto-pathogenic fungi viz. M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum. From morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization through 16S rDNA sequencing, isolates were identified as Streptomyces sp. strain AAUBC I 14 (NCBI Accn. No. MN577354), Streptomyces asenjonii AAUBC M 1 (NCBI Accn. No. MN577357) and Streptomyces cavourensis AAUBC M 14 (NCBI Accn. No. MN577358). All the three isolates were capable of producing antifungal metabolites like fungal cell wall degrading enzyme (protease, lipase, cellulase, chitinase and amylase) as well as secondary metabolites like salicylic acid, siderophore and volatile organic compounds in variable pattern. In vitro plant infection studies revealed that all the isolates were capable of restricting charcoal rot in soybean and Fusarium wilt in chickpea caused by M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum, respectively. All the results clearly indicates, actinomycetes isolates were capable of restricting growth of phytopathogenic fungi M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum causing charcoal rot and wilt, respectively and can be explored as potential biocontrol agent.