Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of Surface and Sub-Surface Waters of Rewalsar Lake, Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh: Constraints on Weathering and Erosion

The major ion chemistry of surface and sub-Surface waters of Rewalsar Lake, situated on the middle Siwalik hill, has been investigated. The dissolved ions in surface water show ionic strength 3.9 x 10 -3 mol I -1 and in groundwater 6.7x10 -3 mol I -1 indicating higher concentration in the latter. In both the cases, ca 2+ +Mg 2+ contribtute 81.57 and 82.72 (in equivalent basis) to the total cation budget whereas CO 3 - +HCO 3 - contribute 75.92 and 73.86 to the total anion budget, respectively. The relatively high content of these cations and anions in groundwater are due to high dissolution as a consequence of H 2 CO 3 formation. The ca 2+ /Hco 3 - and ca 2+ +Mg 2+ /HCO 3 - molar ratio in lake water are 0.58 and 0.69 and in groundwater it is 0.53 and 0.70, respectively indicating silicate source as well besides carbonate. The middle Siwalik lithology comprises predominantly of sandstone-Siltstone interlayered with calcareous segregations in them. The (Na - +K - )/T z + ratio -0.18 and that of (ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )/T z + ratio - 0.81 of lake waters and - 0.20, - 0.82, respectively of groundwater also indicate contribution of cations via silicate weathering. However, low abundance of silica (4 to 36 μ mol 1 -1 ) and (Ca +Mg): (Na+K) mol ratio 2.2 suggests that major ions contribution from silicate weathering has been less significant. The major ions of surface and sub-Surface waters have been primarily derived from the weathering of lithology and contribution from cyclic salt seems to be insignificant as the lake is far away from the ocean. The CIA (Chemical Index of Alteration) value 75.93 supports fairly high chemical weathering and high Na + /Cl - and K + /Cl - ratios in lake water and still higher in groundwater suggests their source other than aerosols. Similar Cl - and enhancement in Na + in groundwater indicates excess dissolution of Na-feldspar in it. The SO 4 2- and PO 4 3- contribution in waters are also influenced by anthropogenic sources as there is no reported occurrence of minerals in the rocks. The inconsistency observed between clay minerals and natural waters of Rewalsar lake is due to extremely low silica content (0.70 mgI -1 ") compared to groundwater (10.89 mg I -1 ) due to less silica dissolution and uptake and removal by diatoms /planktons in the surface waters. The chemistry of surface and sub-Surface waters do not indicate mixing of the two on a large scale.
Evaluating a cloud federation ecosystem to reduce carbon footprint by moving computational resources

Cloud federation is an emerging topic towards new dynamic scenarios in smart ecosystems, where new more flexible energy management strategies are needed than the traditional, in order to optimize mobility and energy efficiency. In this paper we focus both on cloud federation and energy efficiency to enforce a dynamic energy management strategy for the whole ecosystem, in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. More specifically, starting from our two-step approach, we evaluate a cloud federation ecosystem by moving computational resources among federated cloud DCs in order to maintain, for a forecast period, the related workload at the best Green Destination (GD) powered by renewable energy sources. To this end we present and discuss two simulated scenarios, and their experimental results, thus to proving the goodness of our approach. Moreover, an energy comparison between the transfer and the maintenance phases for the computational workload is made.
A virtual network (ViNe) architecture for grid computing

This paper describes a virtual networking approach for grids called ViNe. It enables symmetric connectivity among grid resources and allows existing applications to run unmodified. Novel features of the ViNe architecture include: easy virtual networking administration; support for physical private networks and support for multiple independent virtual networks in the same infrastructure. The requirements of an application-friendly virtual network environment are presented and it is shown how the proposed solution meets them. Qualitative arguments are provided to justify all design decisions. Also presented is an experimental evaluation of the round-trip latencies and bandwidths achieved by a reference implementation. Measurements are reported for WAN-scenarios involving three different institutions. Under favorable conditions, ViNe bandwidths are within 90 to 100% of the available physical network bandwidth
A low-cost electric-field energy harvester for an MV/HV asset-monitoring smart-sensor

This paper investigates the powering of smart-grid-sensors with electric fields (E-fields) present in abundance near most medium-to-high voltage (MV/HV) utility assets. A unique E-field energy harvester is proposed which is integrated into a sensor's enclosure, thereby ensuring low-cost and compact size. The proposed energy harvester can be used with multiple assets by virtue of its shape which also allows installation without interruption of the MV/HV asset. Design methodology of the harvester through Maxwell simulations along with a new and efficient circuit design for obtaining a regulated DC supply is presented. A medium voltage prototype of the proposed E-field energy harvester integrated with a wireless voltage sensor is built and tested on a 35 kV bus. The prototype provides 17 mW of continuous power at 35 kV with a high energy density. This power is enough to operate a low-duty cycle sensor node stuck-on to an MV/HV asset. The prototype shows promising results and demonstrates the efficacy of using E-fields for powering smart grid sensors for MV/HV assets.
Dynamic Network Visualization withExtended Massive Sequence Views

Networks are present in many fields such as finance, sociology, and transportation. Often these networks are dynamic: they have a structural as well as a temporal aspect. In addition to relations occurring over time, node information is frequently present such as hierarchical structure or time-series data. We present a technique that extends the Massive Sequence View ( msv) for the analysis of temporal and structural aspects of dynamic networks. Using features in the data as well as Gestalt principles in the visualization such as closure, proximity, and similarity, we developed node reordering strategies for the msv to make these features stand out that optionally take the hierarchical node structure into account. This enables users to find temporal properties such as trends, counter trends, periodicity, temporal shifts, and anomalies in the network as well as structural properties such as communities and stars. We introduce the circular msv that further reduces visual clutter. In addition, the (circular) msv is extended to also convey time-series data associated with the nodes. This enables users to analyze complex correlations between edge occurrence and node attribute changes. We show the effectiveness of the reordering methods on both synthetic and a rich real-world dynamic network data set.
A Fast-Locking All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop With Dynamic Loop Bandwidth Adjustment

A fast-locking all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) including a fast-locking unit, a multi-level bang-bang phase detector (ML-BBPD), a dynamic gain adjustment controller (DGAC), and a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is presented. The ML-BBPD provides multi-level outputs with different phase errors. According to the detection results of ML-BBPD, the DGAC can adjust the dynamic integral gain of digital loop filter to provide four different operation modes and keep the ADPLL always in stable operation for fast-locking procedure. The DCO with loading compensation circuit can decrease the difference of tuning range in 13 bands less than 25%. Implemented with a 0.18- μm CMOS technology, the area of the core circuit is 0.7735 mm2 and the total power consumption is 35 mW from a 1.8 V supply voltage at 1.25 GHz. The ADPLL can generate output frequencies from 253.9 MHz to 1.367 GHz with 12-phase output clocks. Experimental result shows that the locking time can be accomplished in 2.9184 μs, i.e., 57 cycles with a 19.53125 MHz reference clock. The phase noise is -108.77 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset, and measured rms jitter and peak-to-peak jitter are 8.884 ps and 32.5 ps respectively.
The gaits of primates: center of mass mechanics in walking, cantering and galloping ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta

SUMMARY Most primates, including lemurs, have a broad range of locomotor capabilities, yet much of the time, they walk at slow speeds and amble, canter or gallop at intermediate and fast speeds. Although numerous studies have investigated limb function during primate quadrupedalism, how the center of mass (COM) moves is not well understood. Here, we examined COM energy, work and power during walking, cantering and galloping in ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta (N=5), over a broad speed range (0.43–2.91 m s–1). COM energy recoveries were substantial during walking (35–71%) but lower during canters and gallops (10–51%). COM work, power and collisional losses increased with speed. The positive COM works were 0.625 J kg–1 m–1 for walks and 1.661 J kg–1 m–1 for canters and gallops, which are in the middle range of published values for terrestrial animals. Although some discontinuities in COM mechanics were evident between walking and cantering, there was no apparent analog to the trot–gallop transition across the intermediate and fast speed range (dimensionless v>0.75, Fr>0.5). A phenomenological model of a lemur cantering and trotting at the same speed shows that canters ensure continuous contact of the body with the substrate while reducing peak vertical COM forces, COM stiffness and COM collisions. We suggest that cantering, rather than trotting, at intermediate speeds may be tied to the arboreal origins of the Order Primates. These data allow us to better understand the mechanics of primate gaits and shed new light on primate locomotor evolution.
Persistent intestinal bleeding due to severe CMV-related thrombocytopenia in a preterm newborn

Abstract The optimal threshold for neonatal platelet transfusions in sick newborns is still uncertain. We report a congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a premature neonate with severe thrombocytopenia who subsequently presented with necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal bleeding. The baby recovered after platelet transfusions were discontinued and the therapy was switched from intravenous ganciclovir to oral valganciclovir. We discuss both measures, speculating on the key role of platelet transfusions.
Parsing the Role of the Hippocampus in Approach–Avoidance Conflict

Abstract The hippocampus plays a central role in the approach‐avoidance conflict that is central to the genesis of anxiety. However, its exact functional contribution has yet to be identified. We designed a novel gambling task that generated approach‐avoidance conflict while controlling for spatial processing. We fit subjects’ behavior using a model that quantified the subjective values of choice options, and recorded neural signals using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Distinct functional signals were observed in anterior hippocampus, with inferior hippocampus selectively recruited when subjects rejected a gamble, to a degree that covaried with individual differences in anxiety. The superior anterior hippocampus, in contrast, uniquely demonstrated value signals that were potentiated in the context of approach‐avoidance conflict. These results implicate the anterior hippocampus in behavioral avoidance and choice monitoring, in a manner relevant to understanding its role in anxiety. Our findings highlight interactions between subregions of the hippocampus as an important focus for future study.
Molecular Characterization of Glutamine Synthetase from the Nitrogen-Fixing Phototrophic Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris1

The phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris assimilated ammonium via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. Diazotrophic and ammonium-grown cells had high levels of both enzymes, whereas enzymes of alternative assimilatory pathways were absent or had only low activities. Glutamine synthetase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity within three steps by dye-ligand and ion exchange chromatography. Electron microscopy revealed a dodecameric molecular entity which was in accordance with parameters derived from electrophoretic techniques. The molecular weight of the enzyme monomer was 55 800; that of the dodecamer 670 000. The amino acid composition of R. palustris glutamine synthetase was determined and compared by a statistical method with other known enzyme compositions from prokaryotic and eukaryotic origins
Mutation in the CD45 Inhibitory Wedge Modulates Integrin Activation and Leukocyte Recruitment during Inflammation

Neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation plays a pivotal role in host defense. Src family kinases (SFKs) activation is required for integrin and chemokine signaling as well as immune cell function. The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 positively regulates chemoattractant signaling acting on SFK activity. To further investigate the role of CD45 in neutrophil recruitment and function, we analyzed transgenic mice carrying a single point mutation (CD45E613R), which constitutively activates CD45. By using intravital microscopy experiments, we demonstrated that different steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade were affected in CD45E613R mutant mice. The rolling velocity of CD45E613R mutant neutrophils was decreased compared with wild-type neutrophils that subsequently resulted in an increased number of adherent cells. The analysis of β2 integrins LFA-1 and macrophage-1 Ag (Mac-1) showed that in CD45E613R mutant neutrophils LFA-1 adhesiveness was impaired, and avidity was enhanced, whereas Mac-1 adhesiveness was increased. Because of the increased Mac-1 adhesiveness, neutrophil crawling was impaired in CD45E613R mutant compared with wild-type neutrophils. In an Escherichia coli lung infection model, CD45E613R mice displayed a decreased neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar compartment, which resulted in an increased number of CFUs in the lung. Our data demonstrate that the CD45E613R mutation modulates integrin activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation.
Cell ablation by ectopic expression of cell death genes, ced‐3 and Ice, in Drosophila

We have developed a system for killing specific cells in Drosophila using ectopic expression of cell death genes. CED‐3 and ICE (caspase‐1) are proteins required for programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in mammals, respectively. Our previous study has shown that both ced‐3 and Ice can elicit cell death in Drosophila. By expressing ced‐3 or Ice in several kinds of cells using a GAL4‐UAS system and examining the resulting morphological defects, we show that these abnormalities are thought to be caused by the action of ced‐3 or Ice genes. As cells are killed by apoptosis in our system, we could eliminate the possibility of harmful effects on the neighboring cells. Our system provides an alternative and novel cell ablation method to elucidate mechanisms of cell differentiation and cell‐cell interactions during development in Drosophila.
Natural Genetic Variation of Arabidopsis thaliana Is Geographically Structured in the Iberian Peninsula

To understand the demographic history of Arabidopsis thaliana within its native geographical range, we have studied its genetic structure in the Iberian Peninsula region. We have analyzed the amount and spatial distribution of A. thaliana genetic variation by genotyping 268 individuals sampled in 100 natural populations from the Iberian Peninsula. Analyses of 175 individuals from 7 of these populations, with 20 chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite loci and 109 common single nucleotide polymorphisms, show significant population differentiation and isolation by distance. In addition, analyses of one genotype from 100 populations detected significant isolation by distance over the entire Iberian Peninsula, as well as among six Iberian subregions. Analyses of these 100 genotypes with different model-based clustering algorithms inferred four genetic clusters, which show a clear-cut geographical differentiation pattern. On the other hand, clustering analysis of a worldwide sample showed a west–east Eurasian longitudinal spatial gradient of the commonest Iberian genetic cluster. These results indicate that A. thaliana genetic variation displays significant regional structure and consistently support the hypothesis that Iberia has been a glacial refugium for A. thaliana. Furthermore, the Iberian geographical structure indicates a complex regional population dynamics, suggesting that this region contained multiple Pleistocene refugia with a different contribution to the postglacial colonization of Europe.
A Proactive Complex Event Processing Method for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Recently the rapid development of Internet of Thing (IoT) brings new opportunity to Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The key problem is how to process the huge events generated by IoT to support ITS. In this paper a proactive complex event processing method is proposed for congestion control in ITS. Based on complex event processing, this method predicts the traffic flow using a multi-layered Adaptive Dynamic Bayesian Network. When congestion is predicted, actions are chosen and executed based on concurrent-actions Markov Decision Processes (MDP) to avoid the future traffic congestion. The simulation experiments show that this method can reduce the traffic congestion obviously for typical transportation system. 
Influence of progressive central hypovolemia on multifractal dimension of cardiac interbeat intervals

We analyzed the heartbeat time series of 12 human subjects exposed to progressive central hypovolemia with lower body negative pressure. Two data processing techniques based on wavelet transforms were used to determine the change in the non-stationary nature of the time series with changing negative pressure. Our results suggest that autonomic neural mechanisms driving cardiac interbeat intervals during central hypovolemia go through various levels of multifractility.
The Chlamydomonas kinesin-like protein FLA10 is involved in motility associated with the flagellar membrane

The Chlamydomonas FLA10 gene was shown to encode a flagellar kinesin- like protein (Walther, Z., M. Vashishtha, and J.L. Hall. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 126:175-188). By using a temperature-sensitive allele of FLA10, we have determined that the FLA10 protein is necessary for both the bidirectional movement of polystyrene beads on the flagellar membrane and intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bidirectional movement of granule-like particles beneath the flagellar membrane (Kozminski, K.G., K.A. Johnson, P. Forscher, and J.L. Rosenbaum. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA). 90:5519-5523). In addition, we have correlated the presence and position of the IFT particles visualized by light microscopy with that of the electron dense complexes (rafts) observed beneath the flagellar membrane by electron microscopy. A role for FLA10 in submembranous or flagellar surface motility is also strongly supported by the immunolocalization of FLA10 to the region between the axonemal outer doublet microtubules and the flagellar membrane.
Fault detection method of laser inertial navigation system using dither motion of RLG

A Laser Inertial Navigation System (LINS) is composed of Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLG) and accelerometers. An RLG has a lock-in region where there exists zero output for input angular rates less than 0.1 degree per second due to imperfections in the mirror. To avoid this, sinusoidal dither motion is applied to the RLG. Under normal LINS operation, the dither motion must be measured by the RLG/accelerometers. In this paper, we propose a method to detect the fault status of LINS by checking the dither motion from RLG/accelerometers utilizing real-time Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The fault detection method proposed in this paper is verified through stationary and in-vehicle tests.
An Unbiased Oncology Compound Screen to Identify Novel Combination Strategies

Combination drug therapy is a widely used paradigm for managing numerous human malignancies. In cancer treatment, additive and/or synergistic drug combinations can convert weakly efficacious monotherapies into regimens that produce robust antitumor activity. This can be explained in part through pathway interdependencies that are critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. However, identification of the various interdependencies is difficult due to the complex molecular circuitry that underlies tumor development and progression. Here, we present a high-throughput platform that allows for an unbiased identification of synergistic and efficacious drug combinations. In a screen of 22,737 experiments of 583 doublet combinations in 39 diverse cancer cell lines using a 4 by 4 dosing regimen, both well-known and novel synergistic and efficacious combinations were identified. Here, we present an example of one such novel combination, a Wee1 inhibitor (AZD1775) and an mTOR inhibitor (ridaforolimus), and demonstrate that the combination potently and synergistically inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This approach has identified novel combinations that would be difficult to reliably predict based purely on our current understanding of cancer cell biology. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1155–62. ©2016 AACR.
Golimumab, a human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody, injected subcutaneously every four weeks in methotrexate-naive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: twenty-four-week results of a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of golimumab bef

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of golimumab in methotrexate (MTX)-naive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS MTX-naive patients with RA (n = 637) were randomized to receive placebo plus MTX (group 1), golimumab 100 mg plus placebo (group 2), golimumab 50 mg plus MTX (group 3), or golimumab 100 mg plus MTX (group 4). Subcutaneous injections of golimumab or placebo were administered every 4 weeks. The dosage of MTX/placebo capsules started at 10 mg/week and escalated to 20 mg/week. The primary end point, the proportion of patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR50 response) at week 24, required significant differences between groups 3 and 4 combined (combined group) versus group 1 and significant differences in a pairwise comparison (group 3 or group 4 versus group 1). RESULTS An intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis of the ACR50 response at week 24 did not show a significant difference between the combined group and group 1 (38.4% and 29.4%, respectively; P=0.053), while a post hoc modified ITT analysis (excluding 3 untreated patients) of the ACR50 response showed statistically significant differences between the combined group and group 1 (38.5% versus 29.4%; P=0.049) and between group 3 (40.5%; P=0.038) but not group 4 (36.5%; P=0.177) and group 1. Group 2 was noninferior to group 1 for the ACR50 response at week 24 (33.1%; 95% confidence interval lower bound -5.2%; predefined delta value for noninferiority -10%). The combination of golimumab plus MTX demonstrated a significantly better response compared with placebo plus MTX in most other efficacy parameters, including response/remission according to the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. Serious adverse events occurred in 7%, 3%, 6%, and 6% of patients in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. CONCLUSION Although the primary end point was not met, the modified ITT analysis of the primary end point and other prespecified efficacy measures demonstrated that the efficacy of golimumab plus MTX is better than, and the efficacy of golimumab alone is similar to, the efficacy of MTX alone in reducing RA signs and symptoms in MTX-naive patients, with no unexpected safety concerns.