Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Time Has Come : Bayesian Methods for Data Analysis in the Organizational Sciences

The use of Bayesian methods for data analysis is creating a revolution in fields ranging from genetics to marketing. Yet, results of our literature review, including more than 10,000 articles published in 15 journals from January 2001 and December 2010, indicate that Bayesian approaches are essentially absent from the organizational sciences. Our article introduces organizational science researchers to Bayesian methods and describes why and how they should be used. We use multiple linear regression as the framework to offer a step-by-step demonstration, including the use of software, regarding how to implement Bayesian methods. We explain and illustrate how to determine the prior distribution, compute the posterior distribution, possibly accept the null value, and produce a write-up describing the entire Bayesian process, including graphs, results, and their interpretation. We also offer a summary of the advantages of using Bayesian analysis and examples of how specific published research based on frequentist analysis-based approaches failed to benefit from the advantages offered by a Bayesian approach and how using Bayesian analyses would have led to richer and, in some cases, different substantive conclusions. We hope that our article will serve as a catalyst for the adoption of Bayesian methods in organizational science research.
Effects of Non-Genetic Factors on Daily Milk Yield of Friesian Cows in Mahwa Station (South Burundi)

In Eastern and Southern Africa, local dairy cattle breeds are predominant in the traditional sector. They are well adapted to tropical environments because of their high degree of heat tolerance, their resistance to tick-borne and other diseases occurring in the tropics, and their low maintenance requirements (18, 25). Bos taurus breeds that are predominantly found in temperate countries have a high potential milk production but they are not well adapted to tropical conditions because of their low heat tolerance and low disease resistance (25). Therefore, many African countries have introduced exotic cattle, mostly Friesian, Ayrshire, Jersey, Guernsey and Sahiwal cows (18). Friesian is a common breed worldwide because of its high milk production. Most Friesian cows are bred in temperate countries of Europe, and in Canada and the United States of America (11). They are known for their fast growth, early maturity, high milk yield and long productive life. They were therefore imported into tropical and subtropical countries either to be maintained as purebred or to improve the indigenous cattle breeds (1). Productive and reproductive performances of purebred Friesians in the tropics are usually lower than those maintained in temperate climates and depend upon ecological and socioeconomic factors (8, 11). In Kenya, many large and medium-scale farms own purebred Friesians and their average milk production increased from 3577 kg/cow in 1985 to 5056 kg/cow in 1997. This increase was due to improved management techniques (19).
GIANT BATHYSIPHON (ASTRORHIZINA: FORAMINIFERA) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS HUNTERS COVE FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN OREGON

Foraminiferans belonging to the genus Bathysiphon G. O. and M. Sars in G. O. Sars, 1872 are among the largest fossil protists ever described, some species having tubular tests exceeding 100 mm in length (Miller, 1995). One species, Bathysiphon aaltoi Miller, 1986, from mid-Cretaceous fine-grained turbidites within the Franciscan Complex of northern California, may be the largest fossil foraminiferan ever collected with an estimated test length of approximately 150 mm (Miller, 1991, 1997). Species of comparable size are known from the modern deep-ocean floor (where they often rival or surpass the size of co-occurring metazoans) and are an important component of deep-sea benthic ecosystems (Gooday, 1983; Gage and Tyler, 1991; Gooday et al., 1992).
Open Research

: We study the automorphism group of an inﬁnite minimal shift ( X , σ ) such that the complexity difference function, p ( n + 1 ) − p ( n ) , is bounded. We give some new bounds on Aut ( X , σ ) / (cid:104) σ (cid:105) and also study the one-sided case. For a class of Toeplitz shifts, including the class of shifts deﬁned by constant-length primitive substitutions with a coincidence, and with height one, we show that the two-sided automorphism group is a cyclic group. We next focus on shifts generated by primitive constant-length substitutions. For these shifts, we give an algorithm that computes their two-sided automorphism group. Finally we show that with the same techniques, we are able to compute the set of conjugacies between two such shifts.
‘Study the past, if you would divine the future’: a retrospective on measuring and understanding Quaternary climate change

Research on Quaternary climate change is reviewed from the perspective of the real or potential contribution to improving our ability to predict the climate of the future. For convenience the literature is divided into four timescales: orbital, sub‐Milankovitch, Holocene and the last 2000 years. Four ‘challenges’ provide a framework for discussion: better understanding of the way the climate system works, better forecasting of the drivers of climate change, improved estimates of climate sensitivity (change in global mean annual temperature per unit increase in forcing) and evaluation of the models used to predict the climate of the future. Although a great deal of progress has been made, it is concluded that there are some aspects of our scientific culture that limit our potential. These include our tradition of storytelling rather than critical hypothesis testing, an over‐emphasis on the role of surface water sinking in the far north Atlantic as a driver of ocean circulation and an attendant under‐emphasis on the critical importance of changes in atmospheric circulation, and a lack of rigour in testing the hypothesis that changes in solar irradiance are an important driver of climate change.
Open Research

: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken in order to identify design approaches that have been employed with users who have learning disabilities or sensory impairment; the factors that influenced their choices and the extent to which the approaches and techniques adopted were successful. There was a huge variation across the corpus regarding whether a justification was offered for the choice of approach and the extent to which those justifications were supported by evidence. In addition there was a lack of comprehensive evaluation of the design approaches. Technology designers who intend working with users with learning disabilities or sensory impairments therefore currently have little to help them decide which design approach might be the most appropriate or effective.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion vancomycin in adult people with cystic fibrosis

The American Thoracic Society Guidelines recommend vancomycin as first line option for treatment of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two studies have described the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intermittent intravenous (IV) vancomycin in adult people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Currently, there have not been any studies describing the PK of continuous infusion vancomycin in PwCF. Our study aimed to describe the PK of continuous infusion vancomycin in adult PwCF.
A New Biodiversity Composite Indicator Based on Anthropentropy and Forest Quality Assessment. Framework. Theory, and Case Studies of Italian Territory.

— This paper describes a new environmental composite indicator, which is based on two previously defined single indicators, related to land use (the Anthropentropy Factor) and to quality of forests (the Forest Status Quality Indicator). The framework for the definition of the composite indicator is an innovative formalization of the multidisciplinary approach, which connects knowledge and expertise of two different scientific fields: vegetation science and computer science. The proposed method for the indicator computation combines the classical algorithms of computer vision, to process data from Geographic Information Systems, and the phytosociological approach, to assess the floristic composition of the forests. The goal is to build a deep knowledge about the impact of land use and forest quality, at a landscape level, on biodiversity conservation, by studying the impact of anthropic activities, both inside (urban and rural areas) and outside (forests) the areas occupied by human activities. The knowledge is expressed by a single composite indicator and its assessment can be used for environmental preservation policy actions, to guide local government decisions for a biodiversity conservation in the landscape. The new indicator and the methodological approach is validated by presenting experimental results on two case studies in the North-West of Italy.
Worklife Balance: The Agency and Capabilities Gap

Across welfare societies we have seen the emergence of policies and norms for work-life balance alongside rising expectations among working parents to be able to participate in employment and caregiving, and to have more time for family life and leisure. Yet despite this value placed upon work-life balance, working parents face increasing work demands, as well as rising numbers of insecure and precarious jobs, both of which produce a deepening sense of economic uncertainty in everyday life, which has been intensified in the current period of financial crises. The agency and capabilities gap addresses these tensions in work-life balance within families, workplace organizations, and policy frameworks. Inspired by Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, this volume considers not just what individuals do, but also their scope of alternatives to make other choices. It includes rich contextualized studies across Western and Eastern European countries and Japan, with a focus on gendered agency inequalities for work-life balance. Contributors to this volume - Nevenka Cernigoj Sadar, University of Ljubljana Laura den Dulk, Erasmus University Rotterdam Sonja Drobnic, University of Hamburg Anneke van Doorne-Huiskes, Erasmus University Rotterdam Colette Fagan, University of Manchester Susanne Fahlen, Stockholm University Sandra Groeneveld, Erasmus University Rotterdam Barbara Hobson, Stockholm University Saori Kamano, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research Aleksandra Kanjuo Mrċela, University of Ljubljana Margarita Leon, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona Suzan Lewis, Middlesex University Business School Tomoko Matsuda, Bukkyo University Setsuko Onode, Kyoto Kacho University Bram Peper, Erasmus University Rotterdam Janet Smithson, University of Exeter Mieko Takahashi, Osaka University Judit Takacs, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Kyoko Yoshizumi, Otemon Gakuin University Pierre Walthery, University of Manchester
Colombian Emigration by Administrative Regions

This article contributes to immigration literature by applying a Random Utility Maximization model to derive a migration gravity model that explains factors affecting migration outflows per administrative unit and region for the country of Colombia. Negative binomial cross-sectional estimates indicate that departments sharing an international border and overall labor market conditions are significance determinants of migration patterns for the departments, but non-economic factors such as credit constraints and cultural networks also affect migration outflows. Estimation of regional migration outflows are also provided and yield unique findings per geographic location.
Skeletal carbonate productivity and phosphogenesis at the lower–middle Cambrian transition of Scania, southern Sweden

Abstract The lower–middle Cambrian transitional interval of Scania is largely represented by condensed limestone beds, lithostratigraphically grouped in the Gislöv Formation (1–5.7 m thick), and the Forsemölla and Exsulans Limestone beds (lower part of the Alum Shale Formation, up to 4 m thick). The strata display a combination of skeletal carbonate productivity, episodic nucleation of phosphate hardground nodules, and polyphase reworking recorded on a platform bordering the NW corner of Baltica. The shell accumulations can be subdivided into three deepening-upward parasequences, separated by distinct erosive unconformities. The parasequences correspond biostratigraphically to the Holmia kjerulfi, Ornamentaspis? linnarssoni and Ptychagnostus gibbus zones, the latter two generally being separated by a stratigraphic gap that includes the middle Cambrian Acadoparadoxides oelandicus Superzone. Except for the Exsulans Limestone, the carbonates reflect development of a prolific epibenthic biota, dominated by filter-feeding nonreefal chancelloriid–echinoderm–sponge meadows, rich in trilobites and brachiopods, and which were subjected to high-energy conditions. The absence of microbial mats or veneers encrusting the erosive surfaces of these event-concentration low-relief shoal complexes may be related to long hiatal episodes resulting in microboring proliferation. High levels of nutrient supply resulted in high primary productivity, eutrophic conditions, glauconite precipitation, phosphogenesis (in some case microbially mediated) and microendolithic infestation. An early-diagenetic mildly reducing environment is suggested by the presence of authigenic (subsequently reworked) pyrite, which contrasts with the syndepositional normal oxygenated conditions reflected by macroburrowing and the abundance of benthic fossils.
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine Open Access Is There a Divide between Local Medicinal Knowledge and Western Medicine? a Case Study among Native Amazonians in Bolivia

Background: Interest in ethnomedicine has grown in the last decades, with much research focusing on how local medicinal knowledge can contribute to Western medicine. Researchers have emphasized the divide between practices used by local medical practitioners and Western doctors. However, researchers have also suggested that merging concepts and practices from local medicinal knowledge and Western science have the potential to improve public health and support medical independence of local people. In this article we study the relations between local and Western medicinal knowledge within a native Amazonian population, the Tsimane'.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANT USAGE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A COMMUNITY-BASED SURVEY IN INDONESIA

Before the availability of a vaccine, Indonesian population relied on traditional medicines to prevent COVID-19. Any species used by indigenous people could lead to further investigations in modern pharmacology, to preserve ancient knowledge, and to plan for plants’ conservation. The study aimed to discover and record species, methods of preparation, route of administration, and motivation in using medicinal plants by the Indonesian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants of survey were selected from the people who live in Java and Bali for responding to an online structured questionnaire. Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was employed in the quantitative analysis of the collected data. The pharmacological relevance of the five plants with the highest RFC was further reviewed. The results showed that respondents used 59 plants from 28 families. Five species with the highest RFC were Curcuma longa (0.707), Zingiber officinale (0.674), Cymbopogon citratus (0.269), Kaempferia galanga (0.174), and Curcuma zanthorrhiza (0.165). Most plants were prepared by boiling (77.97%) and administered orally as a single ingredient or mixed with other herbals. Respondents believed that the plants were beneficial as immune-booster (71.26%), maintain good health (24.85%) and stamina (12.28%), and prevent viral infection, including COVID-19 (5.39%). The most commonly used plants might be scientifically based to boost immunity. However, their usage against COVID-19 and the medicinal value of herbal mixtures should be further investigated.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat livestock ailment in Delomena district southeast Ethiopia.

Traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants is in danger of extinction because of different changes taking place all over the world including Ethiopia and thus there is a need for its immediate documentation for the purpose of conservation, sustainable utilization and development. Thus, an ethnobotanical study was conducted in Dalomana District, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia to document and analyze local knowledge on medicinal plants used for the treatment of animal diseases. The overall objective of the study were to investigate ethnobotany of traditional medicinal plants used to treat livestock diseases in Dalomana district, Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Data were collected between June, 2021 and February, 2022 mainly through semi-interviews conducted with purposively selected informants. Data collected mainly included demographic information of respondents, local names of medicinal plants, plant parts used, preparation methods, mode of applications, diseases treated, and habit and habitat of the reported plants. Based on data obtained through interviews, Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) values were computed. A total of 55 medicinal plants used to manage livestock ailment were reported by informants in the Dalomana District. Herbs were commonly used in the preparation of remedies. Leaf was the most frequently utilized plant part accounting for 49.1% of the total reported medicinal plants. The majority (69.0%) of the medicinal plants used in the study District were uncultivated ones mainly harvested from edges of forests and bushlands, roadsides, river banks and grasslands. High ICF values were obtained for ophthalmological (0.82), dermatological (0.79), febrile (0.77) and gastro-intestinal ailments (0.77). The current study shows that there is still rich traditional knowledge on the use of plants to control various animal diseases in study District. However, such claim needs to be scienti�cally veri�ed with piriority given to medicinal plants used in the treatment of ailment catagories with high ICF values as such plants are considered to be good candidates for further pharmacological evaluations
A Hedonic Analysis of the Disamenity Related to Communication Antennas

This paper measures the disamenity value of communication antennas located near residential properties using quasi-experimental techniques, a hedonic property value model, and information from Geographical Information Systems. One particular challenge in estimation is that communication antennas are disproportionately located in areas with lower property values, and if this configuration is not taken into account, whatever causes the lower property values will be bundled with the antennas and the disamenity values of antennas will be overestimated. ArcGIS is used to locate all antennas registered with the Federal Communication Commission and match them to detailed house sales data for an area in central Kentucky. Recently developed cross-section and panel data techniques using fixed effects are incorporated in the hedonic estimation to mitigate the effects of time-varying and time-invariant unobservable characteristics that could be correlated with the locations of the antennas. Preliminary results indicate houses with towers located within 1,000 feet sell for approximately 7.9 percent less than a comparable property more than 3,000 feet away; this effect diminishes rapidly beyond 1,000 feet.
Heavy Metals: Biological Importance and Detoxification Strategies

Global modernization is responsible for industrialization, urbanization and several other anthropogenic activities, which involves the huge application of heavy metals. Heavy metals containing products during process and after disposal, release various heavy metals and ions in surrounding atmosphere which severely affect the soil and water quality. Heavy metals contaminated soils in general are nutrient deficient and are likely to become barren in future. If heavy metal polluted soil is used for crop cultivation then the heavy metals deposited in soil enter into food chain and at higher concentration create severe human health problems. On the contrary, at permissible limit, metals are important for enzymatic activity and genetic material integrity in biological system. To understand the importance and risk associated with heavy metals, a genuine attempt is made to present different aspects of metal contamination in soils. Furthermore, nutritive value of heavy metals and toxicity to bacteria and plants is discussed. Finally, different strategies adopted by biological systems to detoxify heavy metals are critically highlighted. This review is likely to help to better understand the over does risk of heavy metals and its biological detoxification strategies.
Total Outflow of High-Density Lipoprotein–Cholesteryl Esters from Plasma Is Decreased in a Model of 3/4 Renal Mass Reduction

(1) Background: Previous studies have enriched high-density lipoproteins (HDL) using cholesteryl esters in rabbits with a three-quarter reduction in functional renal mass, suggesting that the kidneys participate in the cholesterol homeostasis of these lipoproteins. However, the possible role of the kidneys in lipoprotein metabolism is still controversial. To understand the role of the kidneys in regulating the HDL lipid content, we determined the turnover of HDL-cholesteryl esters in rabbits with a three-quarter renal mass reduction. (2) Methods: HDL subclass characterization was conducted, and the kinetics of plasma HDL-cholesteryl esters, labeled with tritium, were studied in rabbits with a 75% reduction in functional renal mass (Ntx). (3) Results: The reduced renal mass triggered the enrichment of cholesterol, specifically cholesteryl esters, in HDL subclasses. The exchange of cholesteryl esters between HDL and apo B-containing lipoproteins (VLDL/LDL) was not significantly modified in Ntx rabbits. Moreover, the cholesteryl esters of HDL and VLDL/LDL fluxes from the plasmatic compartment tended to decrease, but they only reached statistical significance when both fluxes were added to the Nxt group. Accordingly, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of the HDL-cholesteryl esters was lower in Ntx rabbits, concomitantly with its accumulation in HDL subclasses, probably because of the reduced mass of renal cells requiring this lipid from lipoproteins.
A Cold-Tolerant and Early-Heading Italian Ryegrass New Variety, 'Kogreen'

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at the Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA at Suwon, Korea, from 1999 to 2005. The new variety `Kogreen` is a diploid variety with a green leaf color and had semi-erect habit in late autumn and erect growth habit in early spring. The heading date of `Kogreen` was on May 4, and for `Florida 80` was May 2, both are considered as early-heading variety. `Kogreen` was wider by 0.7mm in flag leaf width, longer by 2 cm in flag leaf length and shorter by 1cm in plant length than the control variety, Florida 80. Stem width of `Kogreen` was similar to that of `Florida 80` and `Hwasan 101`. cold tolerance of `Kogreen` was better than that of `Florida 80`. Dry matter(DM) yield (12,884kg/ha) of `Kogreen` was 3% less than that of `Florida 80`. in vitro dry matter digestibility was 74.7% and total digestible nutrient was 65.1%, which are 3.6% and 1.5% higher than those of `Florida 80`, respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of `Kogreen` were 30.1% and 54.1% which are 1.9% and 1.3% lower than those of `Florida 80`, respectively.