Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The tomato effect. Rejection of highly efficacious therapies.

THE TOMATO ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) is a New World plant, originally found in Peru and carried back to Spain from whence it quickly spread to Italy (pommidoro) and France, where it was known as the pomme d'amour and thought to have aphrodisiac properties (this is the first recorded confusion between the placebo effect and the tomato effect— described herein). By 1560, the tomato was becoming a staple of the continental European diet. Of interest is that while this exotic fruit from South America (along with other novel products such as potatoes, corn, beans, cocoa, and tobacco) was revolutionizing European eating habits, at the same time it was ignored or actively shunned in North America. 1,2 During the 18th century, tomatoes were not even cultivated in North America. Not until the 1800s did North Americans accept the tomato as edible; commercial cultivation of tomatoes was rare until the 20th century, although in the
The middle atmosphere

A quick introduction to some of the important electrical properties, and to the factors that influence them and their variability are provided. The following topics are discussed: (1) production of ionization; (2) ion concentration; (3) ion composition; and (4) variability of the various sources of middle atmospheric ionization.
Reducing Smoking in the Hospital: An Effective Model Program

With the epidemic rise in smoking-related illnesses has come the realization that medical institutions should help prevent these diseases, as well as reduce secondhand smoke. Toward this end a comprehensive policy regarding smoking has been implemented in our 489-bed teaching hospital since 1977. Features of this program are policy formation, implementation, and follow-up by a smoking policy committee with hospital-wide representation; no smoking in most areas of the hospital (smoking permitted only in specifically designated areas); no cigarettes sold in the hospital; widespread publicity about health effects of smoking and about the policy through signs, articles, and displays; and clinics for smoking cessation. A follow-up questionnaire given to and answered by 965 of 2,700 hospital staff members 20 months after the start of the smoking policy showed that 93 percent of nonsmokers and 83 percent of smokers approved of the hospital's policy to reduce smoking; 26 percent of the previous smokers queried had quit during that time, and 33 percent of persistent smokers were smoking less. An effective comprehensive hospital-wide policy regarding smoking has reduced smoking by both staff and patients.
Achievement Imagery in Women's Lives From Adolescence to Adulthood

Situational influences have long been recognized as a primary source of variation in the relation between achievement imagery and behavior. These situational influences occur within the evolving life course and reflect both the past and the anticipated future. Using a well-known longitudinal archive, this study views situational incentives in the anticipated careers of adolescent girls as a contextual determinant of the relation between their achievement imagery and behavior from adolescence,to early adulthood. The analysis identifies two motivational trajectories: the social-marital path of achievement-oriented girls who claimed a domestic or family-centered future and the worklife-career sequence of highly motivated girls (high need for Achievement) who favored family and work interests. The first career sequence links achievement motivation with investment in activities that are part of the sequence of dating, courtship, and marriage. Boys and dating ranked high in the adolescence of these young women, and they tended to bear more children in their adult years. In the second career of education and work, the achievement imagery of girls is related to their IQ, grades, and conversational topics that are about other than boy-girl issues. In young adulthood these women tended to finish school, marry, and start a family at a later age. The study highlights the value of a life-course perspective on achievement thoughts and motivation across the life span. The relation between achievement motivation and behavior warrants greater consideration within the life course. Typically, the behavioral expression of need for Achievement (« Ach) has been examined within a situation-specific framework, 1 but the temporal frame of action extends beyond specific situations to the experienced and anticipated life course. Achievement motivation acquires more precise meaning and direction when examined within the context of life goals (e.g., vocational desires). Two goal frameworks (family-centered/domestic and career oriented) specify different lines of action for
Meteors and Atmospheres

Meteoroid ablation in an atmosphere produces a weak plasma column. The processes important in governing the state of the meteoric species subsequent to column formation are reviewed. The actions of trans­ port and of chemical reactions in controlling the life of the various species in the column are described. It is found that the interaction of meteoric ions with atmospheric gases leads to the dissipation of ionization and is the source of anomalous radio-meteor echo character­ istics: recognition of these effects is important in permitting meaningful interpretations of radio-meteor data. Several modes of interaction between meteoric species and an atmosphere can yield en­ during emissions. The fate of the various species is discussed.
Conformational Analysis of Chloromethylenimine and its Hydrogen-Bonded Dimers with Water from the Study of Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions

Abstract A molecular conformation study on N-Chloromethylenimine and its 1:1 dimeric form with water has been carried out using the ab-initio method at 6-31 G and 6-31 G* basis set. We consider the two most stable conformers of the N-chloromethylenimine -water binary mixture involving double hydrogen bonds. In all cases the proton affinity has been calculated. Each system considered in this work has the nuclear quadrupole interactions of the nitrogen and chlorine resonant nuclei which have been calculated and compared. It is found that the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant for the nitrogen nucleus increases in the hydrogen bonded complexes and decreases for the chlorine nucleus compared to the monomeric values. The influence of proton affinity is reflected in the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant.
Pengaruh Pemanasan terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Beberapa Jenis Sayuran

Vegetables is one of popular food for people in Indonesia. It is usually consumed in the form of fresh plant or after going through the process of cooking such as boiling, steaming and stirring-fry. Vegetable also contains many antioxidant components such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, melanoidin, certain organic acids, reducing agents, peptides, tannin and tocopherol. Factor in this study is a type of vegetable and method of heating. Types of vegetable used i.e. S1 = Eggplant, S2 = Carrots, S3 = Broccoli and heating method comprising: P1 = without heating, P2 = boiling, P3 = steaming and P4 = stirring-fry. The results showed that the type of vegetable and methods of heating, as well as the interaction between the type of vegetable and method of heating gave very real effect on antioxidant activity. Effect of heating (boiling, steaming and stirring-airy) in some vegetables (eggplant, carrots and broccoli) gave different antioxidant activity.
Cognitive Autonomy of the Development of Moral Evaluation of Achievement.

WIMMER, HEINZ; WACHTER, JULIA; and PERNER, JOSEF. Cognitive Autonomy of the Development of Moral Evaluation of Achievement. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 668-676. 76 children aged 4, 6, and 8 years were tested first in a reward-allocation task in which they had to divide a reward between 2 stimulus characters painting a fence. The 2 characters differed in painting abilities, effort put into their job, and in eventual amount of fence painted. Then, the same children's understanding of the causal relationship among ability, effort, and final outcome was assessed. For a single stimulus character, who was characterized by levels of 2 of these factors (e.g., high ability and high effort), subjects had to infer the level of the third factor (e.g., high outcome). The results showed thlat even 4-year-olds made competent causal inferences. There was a clear age trend from rewarding in favor of high outcome to favoring high effort. An age-related improvement in causal inferencing ability cannot explain this shift, since it was especially strong for those subjects who showed perfect understanding of causal connections. The experimental material also excluded an increase in memory span as a potential explanation for the observed developmental change in achievement evaluation.
Fiebre tifoidea en chile : consideraciones epidemiologicas

Les auteurs discutent sur l'epidemiologie de la fievre typhoide au Chili. Le nombre de cas a double depuis 1977 et l'incidence la plus elevee est observee a Santiago. Cette haute frequence de la maladie semble etre associee a une prevalence importante de porteurs et a une prevalence elevee inhabituelle de lithiase biliaire. Cette augmentation de la maladie est le resultat d'un manque de developpement des methodes de controle alimentaire associe a une disparition des systemes d'inspection. Ceux-ci n'ont pas ete remplaces par des etudes bacteriologiques des aliments preleves systematiquement
Land requirements for Pinus halepensis Mill. growth in a plantation in Huesca, Spain

Abstract. Land requirements for Pinus halepensis Mill. growth were studied in thirty plots of a 40 year‐old plantation in the semiarid Lower Ebro valley, northeast Spain, by comparing site index values to land characteristics. Site index at 40 years ranges from 4.1 m to 12.3 m. Moisture availability is the basic requirement for growth while nutrient availability has only a minor influence. Changes in moisture availability in the area are controlled by changes in soil rootable depth, with a minor effect of aspect. Soils developed on Tertiary gypsum rock are not suitable for afforestation with this species. Geomorphic and soil information may be combined, at various degrees of detail, to provide reliable estimates of Aleppo pine growth.
Study of the temperature and solvent content effects on the structure of Cu–BTC metal organic framework for hydrogen storage

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with intriguing structural motifs and unique properties are potential candidates for hydrogen storage. In this study, Cu–BTC (Copper (II) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) MOF was synthesized using an ultrasonication followed by reflux method. The influence of synthesis temperature (80, 110 and 140 °C) and solvent content (50, 75 and 100 ml DMF) on the structure and H2 storage performance of the developed MOFs was investigated. The structure of the synthesized MOFs was characterized by XRD, TGA/DSC, FE-SEM and BET analyses. Hydrogen adsorption performance of the developed MOFs was evaluated using a volumetric technique. The highest H2 uptake of 0.7 wt% was obtained with the sample synthesized at 80 °C with 75 ml DMF. The isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated by substitution of the Freundlich equation with temperature dependent parameters in the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption monotonically decreased with surface loading. Also, the n-th order kinetic model was successfully applied to describe the experimental kinetic data in which the order of adsorption reaction was considered as an adjustable parameter. The value of 1.59 obtained for the order of the kinetic model indicated that the adsorption process mechanism followed a combination of physisorption and chemisorption.
Zawartość miedzi i cynku w glebie lekkiej nawożonej popiołem ze słomy jęczmienia, pszenicy i rzepaku

Abstract The use of cereals and rapeseed straw ash in the fertilisation of soils has been one of the alternative straw management methods. Adding high ash rates to soil decreased its acidity and increased the total content of copper and zinc as well as the forms of those metals extracted with the DTPA solution. Due to a low natural richness of those soils in bioavailable metal forms, the ash application to fertilise light soil, despite a low content of copper and zinc in the post-burning ash waste, must be still considered beneficial. The use of barley, wheat and rapeseed straw ash at the rate exceeding 2 Mg×ha.1 resulted in a significant increase in the total content of copper and zinc and their forms available to plants. Streszczenie Wykorzystanie popiołów ze spalenia słomy zbóż i rzepaku w nawożeniu gleb pozostaje jednym z alternatywnych sposobów ich zagospodarowania. Dodatek wy sokich dawek popiołu do gleby spowodował wzrost wartości pH oraz wzrost całkowi- tej zawartości miedzi i cynku, a także form tych metali ekstrahowanych roztworem DTPA. Pomimo niskiej zawartości miedzi i cynku w odpadach paleniskowych ich zastosowanie wr nawożeniu gleb lekkich należy uznać za korzystne ze względu na niską naturalną zasobność tych gleb wr formy biodostępne metali. Zastosowanie popiołu ze słomy jęczmienia, pszenicy i rzepaku wr dawce przekra- czającej 2 Mg-ha 1 spowodowało istotny wzrost całkow itej zaw artości miedzi i cynku wr glebie oraz ich fonn dostępnych dla roślin
Complex Eigenvalue Bounds in Magnetoatmospheric Shear Flow. II

Abstract A method discussed in Paper I (Cally, 1983) for determining complex eigenvalue bounds for second-order ordinary differential systems is applied to an isothermal, perfectly conducting, compressible, stratified medium permeated by a horizontal magnetic field and aligned shear flow. The magnetic field is chosen such that the Alfven velocity is everywhere constant. For this particular system, the eigenvalue bounds obtained are generally tighter than those obtained in Paper I, and an additional feature is that the bound on the maximum growth rate peaks at a finite value of horizontal wavenumber k, not as k →∞, as is found in Paper I.
Identification of Repurposable Drugs and Adverse Drug Reactions for Various Courses of COVID-19 Based on Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted almost every part of human life worldwide, posing a massive threat to human health. There is no specific drug for COVID-19, highlighting the urgent need for the development of effective therapeutics. To identify potentially repurposable drugs, we employed a systematic approach to mine candidates from U.S. FDA-approved drugs and preclinical small-molecule compounds by integrating the gene expression perturbation data for chemicals from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures project with a publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from mild and severe COVID-19 patients. We identified 281 FDA-approved drugs that have the potential to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, 16 of which are currently undergoing clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy against COVID-19. We experimentally tested the inhibitory effects of tyrphostin-AG-1478 and brefeldin-a on the replication of the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) virus influenza A virus. In conclusion, we have identified a list of repurposable anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs using a systems biology approach.
Criticality from Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton holography at finite temperature and density

We investigate consistent charged black hole solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) equations that are asymptotically AdS. The solutions are gravity duals to phases of a non-conformal plasma at finite temperature and density. For the dilaton we take a quadratic ansatz leading to linear confinement at zero temperature and density. We consider a grand canonical ensemble, where the chemical potential is fixed, and find a rich phase diagram involving the competition of small and large black holes. The phase diagram contains a critical line and a critical point similar to the van der Waals-Maxwell liquid-gas transition. As the critical point is approached, we show that the trace anomaly in the plasma phases vanishes signifying the restoration of conformal symmetry in the fluid. We find that the heat capacity and charge susceptibility diverge as $C_V \propto (T-T^c)^{-\alpha}$ and $\chi \propto (T-T^c)^{-\gamma}$ at the critical point with universal critical exponents $\alpha=\gamma=2/3$. Our results suggest a description of the thermodynamics near the critical point in terms of catastrophe theories. In the limit $\mu \to 0$ we compare our results with lattice results for $SU(N_c)$ Yang-Mills theories.
True scale-free networks hidden by finite size effects

Significance The generalized scale invariance of complex networks, whose trademark feature is the power law distributions of key structural properties like node degree, has recently been questioned on the basis of statistical testing of samples from model and real data. This has important implications on the dynamic origins of network self-organization and consequently, on the general interpretation of their function and resilience. However, a well-known mechanism of departure from scale invariance is the presence of finite size effects. Developed for critical phenomena, finite size scaling analysis assesses whether an underlying scale invariance is clouded by a sample limited in size. Our approach sorts out when we may reject the hypothesis that the inherent structure of networks is scale invariant. We analyze about 200 naturally occurring networks with distinct dynamical origins to formally test whether the commonly assumed hypothesis of an underlying scale-free structure is generally viable. This has recently been questioned on the basis of statistical testing of the validity of power law distributions of network degrees. Specifically, we analyze by finite size scaling analysis the datasets of real networks to check whether the purported departures from power law behavior are due to the finiteness of sample size. We find that a large number of the networks follows a finite size scaling hypothesis without any self-tuning. This is the case of biological protein interaction networks, technological computer and hyperlink networks, and informational networks in general. Marked deviations appear in other cases, especially involving infrastructure and transportation but also in social networks. We conclude that underlying scale invariance properties of many naturally occurring networks are extant features often clouded by finite size effects due to the nature of the sample data.
Nanofunctional gallium oxide (Ga2O3) nanowires/nanostructures and their applications in nanodevices

A brief review on beta gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) nanowires (NWs) and nanostructures (NS) is presented in this article. β-Ga2O3 is a wide-bandgap (Eg ∼ 4.9 eV) semiconductor and can be doped with n- and p-type dopants, which can lead to applications in many functional devices. Here, we will first discuss briefly the properties of β-Ga2O3 in bulk form. Then we will describe the growth of β-Ga2O3 NWs/NS using various techniques including thermal CVD, MOCVD and laser ablation. The present status of research in the area of nanowire growth will be highlighted in this section. Then we will describe the luminescence properties of β-Ga2O3 NWs such as photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL). The origin of various peaks in the PL and CL spectra of β-Ga2O3 NWs/ NS will be presented, with reference to various experimental studies carried out recently. In the final section, we will describe various applications of β-Ga2O3 NWs in nanodevices such as field effect transistors (FET), gas sensors and deep-UV photodetectors. Finally, we will give a conclusion and future perspective of the research in the area of this important semiconducting oxide. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for predicting stover quality trait in semi-exotic populations of maize

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis was investigated as a means of predicting quality parameters in semi-exotic maize stover. These parameters included crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Samples of semi-exotic maize stover were collected during three growing seasons (1989, 1990, 1991) from three locations in Catalonia, Spain. Calibration equations were obtained by multiple linear regression of conventional laboratory values on NIRS data from 84 samples and verified with 20 additional samples. Separate NIRS calibration were developed also within year (1989 and 1990, respectively). A Bran + Luebbe InfraAnalyzer model 450 was used for the study. In the multi-year calibration the coefficients of squared multiple correlation (R 2 ) ranged from 0.81 for IVDMD to 0.92 for CP and the standard errors of calibration (SEC) ranged from 0.35 for CP to 1.46 for IVDMD. The study showed that NIRS analysis can be used to evaluate the quality of semi-exotic maize in breeding programmes.
The effect of pH on color behavior of brassica oleracea anthocyanin

Anthocyanins, as natural colorants are widely used in the food industry as an alternative to synthetic colorants due to their health benefits, beautiful color and safe to be consumed. Despite of the current challenge to maintain their color properties, the instability of the color can be utilized as an indicator in the food packaging industries. One of the factors which affect the color of the anthocyanins is the level of pH. In the food industry the anthocyanins color can easily change due to the various pH condition of the food product. Increasing the pH and temperature, during processing and storage would increase the degradation rates of anthocyanins. This study focuses on the anthocyanin color behavior at various pH in the liquid and solid phase. Samples of anthocyanin in aqueous solutions were studied at various pH levels between 1.0 to 14.0 at a period of 10 days. Colors were expressed by the CIELAB coordinates, color tone, color intensity and color lightness. Powdered anthocyanin exhibits more stable compared to juice anthocyanin at most pH values, showing no changes in color intensity and color tone and little changes in color lightness. The variation in the results suggested that further developments of anthocyanin as a potential pH color indicator in food packaging system are required.
Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortices in the tropical South Atlantic

An analysis of subtropical 200 mb cyclones is made for the South Atlantic. The cyclones are observed to occur primarily during the summer months and generally form near the axes of the mid-oceanic troughs. The relationship between cyclone formation and the presence of 200 mb anticyclones over the continental areas is discussed. Proposed mechanisms for cyclone formation are considered. The cyclones are characterized by a cold core and a direct thermal circulation—the cold air sinking and warm air on the periphery rising. The cloud pattern associated with the cyclones is found to depend on the direct thermal circulation, the vortex location and its direction of movement. The effects of South Atlantic 200 mb cyclonic vortices on Brazilian weather are discussed. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1981. tb01780.x
Tailoring band gap in GaN sheet by chemical modification and electric field: Ab initio calculations

Ab initio calculations show that the GaN monolayer (GaN-ML) in (0001) face is a planar semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 1.95 eV. The gap converts into a direct one and is enlarged by 0.81 eV when the GaN-ML is modified by H and F atoms. Furthermore, the gap can be efficiently manipulated in a range of 1.8 to 3.5 eV by applying an external electric field. Moreover, because of the spontaneous polarization, the gap is remarkably broadened by a positive electric field while it is rapidly decreased under a negative field. The chemical modification also significantly improves the stability of GaN-ML.