Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A content based approach for investigating the role and use of email in engineering design projects

The use of email as a communication and information sharing medium in large, complex, globally distributed engineering projects is widespread; yet there exists little understanding of the content of the emails exchanged and the implications of this content on the design project, design records and contracts. The importance of these issues is underlined by the fact that email records can now be required as evidence in legal disputes. It follows that the overall aim of this research is to assess the role and use of email in engineering design projects. A state-of-the-art review of literature pertaining to email is reported, along with a review of information and communication processes in engineering design projects. The primary contribution of this thesis is the creation of a content based approach for analysing the role and use of email in engineering design projects. This centres on the development and application of a coding scheme to email text, identifying what subject matter an email relates to, why it was sent, and how its content is expressed. Results are then analysed with respect to the frequencies of each code and other variables, including how coding varies between different senders and throughout the project duration. The second key contribution of this thesis is the analysis of emails and content in an engineering setting by applying the aforementioned approach to two case studies. The major case study concerned a large, complex, globally distributed, multimillion pound systems engineering project, from which 16 000 emails were obtained. It was found that emails are mainly used to transfer information but also to support management functions. Emails facilitate design work but little of this takes place explicitly in the email content. Characteristics of a project affect the subject matter or emails but have little effect on why they are sent. User roles and personal preferences also influence email use. If was found that the purposes for sending emails varied over the duration of a project; it was further determined that these changes could be used to identify project progress and design activity. Implications of the findings are identified in relation to: information management, knowledge management, project management, collaboration and email practice. Significantly, emails do contain potentially important design information and because these often support decisions made elsewhere, emails should be integrated with wider records. More consideration and training should be given to the use of project standards for email use and guidelines for composition. Changes in email use over the project duration could be a potential tool for project managers to identify design progress and possible issues in a project.
DRIVER PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND LICENCE TESTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

The purpose of this report was to review literature relating to car driver licence testing. Major objectives of testing systems were identified as establishing competence and setting a standard. The review brings together current knowledge relating to driver behaviour and to studies of "unsafe" driver behaviour, against which licence tests might be evaluated. Studies of licence tests are discussed and recommendations made regarding tests, which should be considered for adoption in Australia. (Author/TRRL)
Assessing the Prevalence of Harassment and Abuse in the Nursing Work Environment

Over the last few decades, there has been a realization that harassment and abuse in the work environment are increasingly permeating modern workplaces and becoming their leading feature (1). Austrian ethologist Konrad Lorenz combined the various forms of harassment and abuse into the common concept of mobbing (2). The first scientist to begin investigating the phenomenon was German psychologist Heinz Leymann. He used the term "mobbing" for certain forms of workplace harassment. According to Leymann's definition, mobbing is hostile and unethical communication systematically directed by one or more persons towards an individual who, because of mobbing, is put to a position where he is helpless and unable to defend himself, and is targeted by persistent mobbing action(3). They are usually powerful people, who desire even more power and for whom mobbing behavior is a way of masking powerlessness in the private sphere, such as in their marriage of family life by forming a group around them to prove their power and importance at the expense of the victim (4). The victims of mobbing are most often people who have high ethical standards and whose positive qualities cause envy. A research shows that younger people who have just been employed individuals who are vulnerable to social injustice, the elderly before retirement, the physically disabled, employees seeking better working conditions and more work independence those seeking to retain Abstract
Egypt

Seham A. Helmy, Dalia A. Eltamany, Heba M. A. Abdelrazek,and Rewan H. Alashrey 1-Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. 2-Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, p.o. Box 551, Saudi Arabia. 3-Nutrition and Food Science, Home Economic Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 4Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt 5-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt E.Mail: hebaabdelrazekvet@gmail.com
Investigation of an immune algorithm and differential evolution to study folding of model proteins.

The application of computational search techniques to global optimisation problems is becoming increasingly popular. Search techniques have been used to study the folding of model proteins, with the aim of accurately predicting the native state of a protein from its amino acid sequence. Through modelling, knowledge of the folding process can be obtained. In this thesis, two search techniques have been applied to a variety of protein models. The development and application of both an Immune algorithm and a Differential Evolution search technique are described, with the aim of finding the lowest energy conformations of coarse-grained, model proteins. Initially, the two-dimensional HP Lattice Bead Model is investigated, followed by three-dimensional models of varying complexity. The HP Lattice Bead and BLN models, on a diamond lattice are considered, as well as the Dynamic lattice Model, using backbone torsion angles to define the structure of the lattice. A modified chain growth constructor is introduced; firstly, to generate the initial population for both search techniques, secondly, to record unoccupied lattice sites of meta-stable conformations to reduce the risk of performing infeasible joint mutations during the mutation phase for the Immune algorithm, and thirdly, to improve the standard of mutations performed by Differential Evolution. A novel profiling system is introduced based on the theory of genealogy and ancestry by recording the parent of each individual. The method is used to track and evaluate the diversity of populations and assess the impact that genetic operators have on this diversity. The aim of applying this system is three fold: to investigate how effective genetic operators are; to allow a greater understanding of the progress of the optimisations; and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each search technique investigated.
Cellular Cardiomyoplasty: Myocardial Repair with Cell Implantation

This text reviews the current status and describes future perspectives in the field of cellular cardiomyoplasty. Cellular cardiomyoplasty involves the transplantation of myogenic cells into cardiac tissue for the formation of neomyocardium and repair of the injured heart. The book provides a brief review of myocardial regeneration and terminal differentiation of myocytes. Individual chapters cover genetic approaches, foetal cardiomyocyte transplantation, myoblast transplantation and satellite cell implantation for the repair and replacement of damaged heart muscle.
ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AT LONG-TERM CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN TEXAS. INTERIM REPORT. REVISED EDITION

This report presents an analysis of accidents at five long-term freeway construction projects in Texas during 1984-1988. Data were collected from each project for two to three years prior to construction and for all years during construction through 1988. Total accidents on the mainlanes increased an average of 28.7% during construction. Severe accidents on the mainlanes increased by a greater percentage, on the average, than did PDO accidents (38.8% versus 24.9%). Nighttime accidents on the mainlanes increased by a greater proportion than did daytime accidents (37.4% versus 24.4%). Frontage road accidents at the five projects increased by an average of only 2.4% during construction. The average changes in PDO and severe accidents, daytime and nighttime accidents, and in the various accident type categories on the frontage road were also found to be negligible. A statistical test of homogeneity of the changes in accidents from project to project indicated that the average changes in total mainlane accidents, severe accidents, single vehicle, and multi-vehicle (excluding rear-end) accidents were consistent from project to project, and could be used as reasonable estimates of the expected impacts for future projects. Significant site-to-site variations in the other accident categories were detected, however.
Bus driving behaviour and fuel consumption

The behaviour of driver is influenced by many factors, which include the personal characteristics (attitude, experience etc.) environmental (road geometry, traffic control etc.) and vehicle characteristics (performance, load etc.). Professional drivers, such as bus drivers, generally have higher levels of training and experience, and by virtue of their profession have attitudes, which are more likely to promote with save driving. However bus drivers experience the same environmental traffic condition as other drives, as well as additional constraints imposed by the vehicle characteristics, concern for passenger comfort/safety and the need to adhere to timetables. This research is focussed on understanding the behaviour differences both between and within bus drivers leaving from different types of stops. Understanding such differences will enable approaches to be developed to modifying behaviour so as to improve fuel consumption. A substantial database was collected with the cooperation of the UniLink bus operation in Southampton. The database consisted of detailed knowledge of bus location, instantaneous speed (reflecting the combination of behaviour and vehicle control), acceleration, accelerator pedal position(reflecting driver behaviour) and fuel consumption records. The data was gathered using a Portable Vehicle CANBus System (PVCS) combined with GLOBAL positioning System (GPS) on 2 buses. This research adopted advanced technology to mount the instantaneous accelerator pedal control of the driver, acceleration and fuel consumption. The devices used in this study provide a transferable methodology for the appraisal of fuel consumption saving through changes in acceleration behaviour (within 10 seconds leaving from stationary). The finding of this study revealed that the bus fuel consumption is sensitive to the level of acceleration. In the situation studied, the fuel consumption increased 67% for acceleration increase in the range 0.5 ms-2 to 1.5 ms-2 when leaving from stationary. More than 50 ml fuel is saved per acceleration within 10 second leaving from stationary if the driver reduces the rate of acceleration. Shifting driving behaviour from aggressive toward normal driving or from normal to economic save more than 20% or 40% fuel consumption respectively. However, the driving behaviour of the bus was influenced by factors such environment, passenger on board, and road condition that influences bus ability to accelerate and hence affect fuel consumption.
Potensi, ragam gulma sebagai hijauan pakan dan palatabilitasnya di areal tanaman ubi kayu

Ruminant production is limited by the quality, the sufficiency and the continuation of forage supply. In other hand, the intensive and continous use of herbicides has resulted the increase of weeds resistant. The objective of the study was to find out the potency and palatability of weeds in ruminant. Result showed that variety and fresh yield production of weeds influenced by weeds management and age of cassava. 56% weeds are palatable in ruminant. The improvement of weeds palatability is needed for optimalization of ruminant as weed control.
STEEL DESIGNERS MANUAL. FIFTH EDITION

This edition was produced by the Steel Construction Institute advisory committee under the principal editorship of Dr Owens. It has been completely restructured, and is the first to have its design data entirely based on limit state design concepts. It is divided into seven main sections: a) design synthesis, which describes the nature of the process by which design solutions are arrived at for a wide range of steel structures, including bridges; b) steel technology, which contains chapters on applied metallurgy, fatigue, and brittle fracture; c) design theory, which presents a resume of both manual and computer based analytical methods used for determining the forces and moments in structures subject to either static or dynamic loads. Comprehensive tables for a wide variety of beams and frames are given in the appendix; d) element design, which provides a comprehensive treatment of the design of steel elements, singly, in combination, or acting compositely with concrete; e) connection design, covering bolts, welds, plate and stiffener elements, foundations and hold down systems; f) other elements such as bearings and joints, piles and floors; and g) construction, including corrosion resistance.
Basic and applied sciences for sports medicine

Foreword (D Macleod) Muscle (NC Spurway) Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise (AE Hardman) The biochemical basis of exercise (PL Greenhaff Physiological adaptations to exercise training (KL Hamilton, JS Coombes, HA Demirel The biomechanics of human movement (HKA Lakomy) Nutritional demands of training and competition (LM Burke Fluid requirements and exercise in the heat (RJ Maughan) Immunology (M Gleeson Psychological outcomes of physical activity (WP Morgan) Psychological factors in sports performance (JS Raglin) Training for endurance and for strength and speed (power) (NCC Sharp Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of athletic potential and performance (JA Hawley).
Toward Infrastructure Improvement: An Agenda for Research

This book advises the federal government on a national infrastructure research agenda. It takes the position that the traditional disciplinary and institutional divisions among infrastructure modes and professions are largely historical artifacts that impose barriers to the development of new technology and encourages the government to embrace a more interdisciplinary approach. In order to be practical, the study focuses on infrastructure technologies that can be incorporated into or overlay current systems, allow for alternative future alternative future urban development, and are likely to have value cutting across the distinct functional modes of infrastructure. Finally, the report is organized according to seven broad cross-cutting areas that should promote interdisciplinary approaches to infrastructure problems: systems life-cycle management, analysis and decision tools, information management, condition assessment and monitoring technology, the science of materials performance and deterioration, construction equipment and procedures, and technology management.
EFFECTS OF LATERAL SEPARATION BETWEEN DOUBLE CENTER-STRIPE PAVEMENT MARKINGS ON VISIBILITY UNDER NIGHTTIME DRIVING CONDITIONS

Pavement markings on public roads provide driver guidance, convey advisory or warning information to the driver, or both, and are often used as a supplement to other traffic control devices without redirecting the focus of attention from the road. Adequate visibility of pavement markings at night is an important element of driver safety, especially in the absence of public lighting. Increased lateral separation between double center stripes could increase the detection distance because the human visual system would spatially integrate over the lateral space between the parallel lines to form a more visible target that subtends a greater visual angle. Most of the technical literature has shown that there seems to be no available pavement marking visibility data on begin-and-end detection distances. Also, no data are available on the effects of lateral separation between double solid center stripes and the interaction between lateral separation and line width. The current study was conducted to provide a scientific basis for quantifying the effects of lateral separation between double solid center stripes. It is current standard practice in Ohio to implement double solid yellow center stripes (0.1 m wide) with a lateral separation of 0.1 m. On the basis of a field experiment involving 48 subjects, average begin-and-end detection distances were established and psychometric curves were plotted. An ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test failed to find any significant systematic effect caused by lateral separation between the center lines. On the basis of the findings of this study it is possible to tentatively conclude that an increase in the lateral separation (from 0.05 to 0.2 m) between the double center stripes does not appear to be a useful method to increase driver visibility. In addition, as expected, the amount of retroreflective material (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 m width, double solid versus dashed, gap/stripe ratio of 9.15/3.05 m versus 10.98/1.22 m) has a fairly small effect on the 85th percentile end detection distances, thus indicating a relatively small marginal gain in visibility with a substantially increased retroreflective area. In fact, calculations indicate that an increase in area from 0.122 to 2.44 sq m for each 12.2-m-long center line segment (20-fold increase) is required to increase the average end detection distance from 82 to 128 m, which in only an increase of 56%.
Development of Calibration Testing Protocol for Permanent Deformation Model of Asphalt Concrete

Recent permanent deformation modeling research at North Carolina State University has resulted in the shift model, which is capable of expressing the permanent strain growth of asphalt concrete as a function of deviatoric stress, load time, and temperature on the basis of the time–temperature superposition and time–stress superposition principles. This paper presents an efficient calibration test protocol for the shift model as well as verification of the model. The proposed test protocol is comprised of triaxial stress sweep (TSS) tests and a reference test. The TSS test is suggested to reduce the number of tests required by applying three deviatoric stresses within one test. Each TSS test was performed at three temperatures: high (TH), intermediate (TI), and low (TL). The reference test was a triaxial repeated load permanent deformation test conducted at TH only. The shift model was calibrated for the polymer-modified dense-graded NY9.5B mix, and the calibrated model was applied successfully to predict strain growth for the composite tests at the three study temperatures and for random load tests at TH. The calibration testing procedure was optimized for the asphalt mixture performance tester. The TSS tests take approximately 2.9 h at TH and 1.5 h at TI and TL. Thus, about a day was required to complete one set of calibration tests under the proposed test protocol. Within 2 to 3 days of testing, depending on the number of replicates, the calibrated shift model is capable of predicting permanent strain growth for different temperatures, load times, and deviatoric stresses.
Prevalence of Refractive Error Among Early Primary School Age Children in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area, Nigeria.

Introduction Refractive error is one of the major causes of blurred vision. It is a common eye disorder even in children. The World Health Organization had estimated refractive error to cause visual impairment to about 153 million people around the world with over 1.4 million children affected. Eighty percent (80%) of whom live in developing countries. The right to sight, a global initiative launched by World Health Organization, has the main aim of eliminating avoidable visual impairment and blindness at a global level. In order to achieve this goal, visual screening in pre-school and school children has long been a tradition in developed nations of the world. The significance of this cannot be overemphasized, especially with the already established correlation between school performance and visual status. However, in developing countries visual screening for children is not yet well established, thereby leaving many children with undetected refractive error, which could result in visual impairment. This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of refractive error among early primary school age children at Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area(LGA) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. It employed a multi-staged sampling method to recruit 205 pupils aged 5-9 years attending schools in Ado-Odo Ota as study participants to determine the prevalence of refractive error among the pupils attending primary schools in this area. Following ocular pathology screening for the children, subjects found fit were refracted both objectively and subjectively using auto-refractor and trial lenses respectively. Result: A prevalence of 30.73% of refractive error was recorded. Myopia had the highest prevalence (24.88%), followed by astigmatism 3.42% and hyperopia with the least prevalence of 2.44%. Older children had higher frequencies of refractive error than the younger ones with the males having more refractive error than the females (19.51% and 11.22%) respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that refractive error is significantly present among this population and recommended that parents should ensure that their children are screened for refractive error, and that government should introduce school health programs to curb the growing menace of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error.
Source of fund, financial constraints, political instability, and firm innovation: empirical evidence from Arab Spring countries

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of financial constraints on innovation in countries experiencing the Arab Spring. It also looks at how the impact of financial constraints varies with the source of funding. The study uses 2013 BEEPS data. 2261 companies from 5 MENA countries were included in our sample. The recursive bivariate probit and extended probit models are used. Our findings show that financial constraints negatively affect the likelihood of enhancing a firm's innovative performance. Unlike the existing literature, the effect of financial barriers was not only directly examined, but also the region and fund structure of the company were examined together. Although bank loans directly negatively impact innovation performance, when this effect is considered together with financial barriers, it has been observed that the effects of financial barriers decrease. An even more significant decline is seen with the inclusion of the regional influence.