Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAVEN and MEX Multi‐instrument Study of the Dayside of the Martian Induced Magnetospheric Structure Revealed by Pressure Analyses

A combination of statistical studies and 18 case studies have been used to investigate the structure of the induced Martian magnetosphere. The different plasma and magnetic pressure forces on the dayside of the induced magnetosphere of Mars have been studied using 3.5 years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and Mars Express (MEX) observations. We present estimates of typical values for the dominant pressure terms, that is, the thermal pressures of the ionosphere and the magnetosheath, the magnetic pressure of the magnetic pile‐up region, and the solar wind dynamic pressure. For 18 typical orbits the altitudes and relative distances of the pressure balance boundaries, the photoelectron boundary, the ion composition boundary, and the induced magnetosphere boundary are estimated. The magnetic pile‐up boundary is discussed but not further studied since earlier characterizations of the magnetic pile‐up boundary do not agree with our results. This study focuses on the transition region between the ionosphere and the magnetosheath on the dayside of Mars. We show that earlier definitions of the photoelectron boundary, ion composition boundary, and induced magnetosphere boundary do not characterize the transition region well, mainly because each boundary is based on measurements from only one or two instruments. In order to characterize the transition region correctly, changes in magnetic field strength and fluctuations, dominant ion species, electron and ion densities and energy distributions need to be considered. This article confirms a complex interaction between Mars and the solar wind and can explain why previous studies have had difficulties to describe the force balance.
Sargassum sp. Act as a Large Regional Source of Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon and Polyphenols

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays critical roles in marine carbon cycling, but its sources and sinks remain uncertain. In this study, we monitored DOC exudation rates of Sargassum natans under visible light (λ > 390 nm) and solar radiation. DOC release rates ranged from 7 to 10 μg C g−1biomass hr−1 (wet weight) under visible light, but increased to 23 to 41 μg C g−1biomass hr−1 when exposed to natural sunlight. Results indicate that DOC released by Sargassum could amount to 0.3 to 1.2 Tg C/year, potentially contributing significantly to the marine DOC pool in the Gulf of Mexico and Western North Atlantic. We employed the Folin‐Ciocalteu phenolic content method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) to characterize the diverse pool of organic compounds exuded from Sargassum. Results from these complementary methods showed that Sargassum release large quantities of phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols that have very similar properties to terrestrial DOC. These phlorotannins and their oxygenated phenolic derivatives exhibit a high hydrogen deficiency and functionalization (i.e., 4 to 6 oxygen atoms per aromatic ring), representing 5 to 18% of the released DOC isolated by solid phase extraction. Thus, Sargassum is the largest biological source of open ocean polyphenols recorded to date. The amount of polyphenolic DOC released by Sargassum challenges previous beliefs that all polyphenols found within the oceans are remnants of terrestrial organic matter, although the stability of phlorotannins and their derivatives needs to be further evaluated.
Chronostratigraphy and terrestrial palaeoclimatology of Berriasian–Hauterivian strata of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA

Abstract This paper presents breakthroughs in the chronostratigraphy of the heretofore poorly constrained Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, which is an important record of terrestrial environments, ecosystems and global change in the ancient North American Cordilleran foreland. Zircon populations from 10 stratigraphic horizons in the Yellow Cat Member yield youngest single-grain ages ranging from 142.5 ± 2.7 to 133.7 ± 2.7 Ma (Berriasian–late Valanginian); those from one mudstone palaeosol yield a robust Concordia Age of 136.3 ± 1.3 (Valanginian). Additionally, a new palynoflora – one of a few to be published from the Cedar Mountain Formation – is assigned to the middle Berriasian to early Hauterivian stages, based on the presence of Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis and Trilobosporites sp. cf. T. canadensis, and the absence of F. asymmetricus, Appendicisporites spp. and angiosperms. Furthermore, these chronostratigraphic data allow us to interpret part of the so-called ‘Weissert Event’ C-isotope excursion (Valanginian) in a new C-isotope profile through a palaeosol-bearing alluvial succession in the Yellow Cat Member. This research extends a firm understanding of the formation further back into the Early Cretaceous than was the case previously (except for ostracod biostratigraphy) and sets the stage for future advancements.
Group A Streptococcus Meningitis in a Previously Healthy 51-year-old Man

Group A streptococcus is a rare cause of meningitis among healthy adults and has been reported to have a fulminant course, with a fatality rate as high as 27%. We report a case of meningitis due to group A streptococcus with an indolent presentation and recovery.
The Albitization of K-Feldspar in Organic- and Silt-Rich Fine-Grained Rocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Southwestern Upper Yangtze Region, China

The albitization of K-feldspar is a common diagenetic process that has thus far received little attention and is not fully understood in fine-grained sedimentary rocks. To better understand the albitization of K-feldspar, studies in organic- and silt-rich fine-grained rocks of the lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the southwestern Upper Yangtze region, China, were carried out via X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results show that five types of albitized K-feldspar textures have developed: microcrystal albite replacement, irregular blocky replacement along margins, cleavage planes or microcracks of K-feldspars, complete pseudomorphic replacement, albite overgrowth, and albite pore filling. Organic- and silt-rich fine-grained rocks differ from sandstones and mudstones in terms of the rock structure and mineral assemblage, which results in differences in the textures and degree of albitization of K-feldspar. Illitization of clay has an impact on the albitization of K-feldspar. In provenance analyses using feldspar, fine-grained rocks, especially those that underwent mesogenesis, should be treated with caution because detrital feldspars have been destroyed. Theoretically, the albitization of K-feldspar could increase the porosity of reservoirs, although, from our observations, most of the related secondary pores are cancelled out or became isolated pores due to other diagenetic processes (compaction, cementation, etc.) in organic- and silt-rich fine-grained rocks.
Application of the 3D chemo-hygro-thermo mechanical model on existing bridges exposed to chlorides and mechanical damages

Bridge engineering world practice has showed that implicit method of service life prediction, relying on sufficient quality and depth of concrete cover, do not guarantee a 100- year structure lifetime without major, complex and expensive repair works. Bridges exposed to harsh combination of mechanical (static, dynamic, cyclic loading) and environmental (sea salts, de-icing agencies, freeze - thawing cycles, etc.) actions are particularly vulnerable. Two such case studies: Krk Bridge and Maslenica Bridge located in aggressive maritime environment will be analysed in the paper including in-service performance and comparison between measured values on bridges and numerical results obtained by two numerical models for service life prediction: the 3D chemo-hygro-thermo mechanical (3D CHTM) model implemented into the finite element code MASA and the Life-365 model. Both models are capable to realistically predict chloride content in concrete after long-term exposure to seawater. However, the 3D CHTM model, which considers cracks and damage in concrete, anticipates the beginning of steel reinforcement depassivation much more precisely than the other model which doesn’t take concrete damage and cracks into account.
Avaliação da capacidade para o trabalho dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de pronto-socorro

doi: 10.5216/ree.v15i2. 15344 - http://dx.doi. org/10.5216/ree.v15i2. 15344 ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the work capacity of the nurses of en emergency room, and relate it with individual and work characteristics. This cross-sectional study involved 68 workers of a university hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Brazilian version of a standardized questionnaire was used to obtain the Work Capacity Index. Results show that 42.9% of workers were classified as having a reduced work capacity. The most frequently diagnosed diseased over the last 12 months were: repeated respiratory tract infections, back injuries; varicose veins; mild emotional disorder; vision disorders; and upper back and neck conditions, causing frequent pain. In conclusion, the high of workers with reduced work capacity point at the importance of adopting intervention measures in the organizational structure to promote/restore capacity, from the perspective of improving health and work conditions. Descriptors: Emergency Nursing; Occupational Health; Work Capacity Evaluation; Working Conditions; Emergency Service, Hospital.
Modelling long‐distance floating seed dispersal in salt marsh tidal channels

Seed dispersal is a primary factor influencing plant community development in salt‐marshes. However, studies on seed dispersal in marsh‐channel system are relatively scarce, and relevant mathematical modelling is particularly lacking. In this study, we developed a one‐dimensional advection–dispersion model to explore the patterns of long‐distance floating seed dispersal in tidal channels. Oscillatory tidal current velocity and water depth were assumed to represent the tidal effects. An exponential decay coefficient was introduced to account for the loss of floating seeds due to water‐logged deposition and retention by trapping agents along the channel banks. An analytical solution in integral form was derived using the method of Green's function. The developed model was applied to simulate floating Spartina densiflora seed dispersal in a real tidal channel. Seed floating duration and seed collection data reported in the literature were used for model calibration and validation. The leptokurtic seed dispersal kernel in the marsh‐channel system was quantified for the first time using the predicted spatio‐temporal distribution of deposited and retained seeds. The range of the long‐distance floating seed dispersal and its distribution concentration that have important implications for salt marsh protection and restoration activities were evaluated through statistical parameters such as the centroid displacement and the variance of the floating seed cloud and floating seed concentration contours. The developed model provides a useful tool for ecological management of tidal marshes, as data on the long‐distance floating seed dispersal are rarely available and hard to gather.
Comparative enviro-economic impact assessment of Dutch chlorine production systems: Investigating different methods for monetizing environmental externalities

To fend off the probable adverse effects of climate change as well as the subsequent economic and social impacts as a consequence of humans’ industrial activities, drastic changes are required in the way of processing, managing and exploiting natural resources. Based on a case study, the present report combines life-cycle assessment and life-cycle costing techniques on the basis of environmental externalities monetization with a view to conducting a multi-perspective comparative assessment of different chlorine manufacturing systems so that to identify which alternative can lead to the lowest environmental footprint and cost-intensity. Our findings suggest that the most cost-effective and less environmentally-intensive technical solution concerns the modification of the electrolysis cell’s configuration type from gap to zero-gap one when the heat is supplied by an on-site CHP facility. This modification is accompanied by 39% reduction of CO2 emissions in the membrane electrolysis stage and 24% reduction in the total CO2 emissions per ton of chlorine produced. Moreover, annual savings and profits increase while chain-related environmental costs substantially decline.
Investigation on Power Generation Valley of Single-Axis Tracking Arrays at a Solar PV Plant in Australia

With the development of the photovoltaic (PV) technology, more large-scale solar PV plants are integrated to the power grid to relieve the traditional coal-based power plants and reduce the carbon emission. Compared with fixed-tilt (FT) arrays, single-axis tracking (SAT) arrays can produce more power yield. In terms of maintenance fee, SAT arrays are also cheaper than that of dual-axis tracking (DAT) arrays. Thus, SAT systems are becoming a cost-effective option for large-scale PV plant constructions. However, in an Australian PV plant, the power generation of SAT arrays exhibits an unusual phenomenon –– “a valley of power generation” during the midday time. This paper aims to provide an insight about this phenomenon through comprehensive theoretical analysis. Three impact factors, i.e., temperature, tilt angle and incidence angle of direct irradiance to the panel are investigated which determine the power generation characteristics of SAT arrays. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for PV owners/utilities to better understand the SAT operational behaviors and manage the demand response.
Modelling of StormPav Green Pavement System Using Storm Water Management Model and SolidWorks Flow Simulation

Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and SolidWorks Flow Simulation (SW-FS) models to represent StormPav Green Pavement System are tested through a case study of commercial premises. Modelling effort of simplifying the complex StormPav system to take in only the effective storage volume is attempted using the 1D SWMM. A 3D modelling of capturing the multi-compartmental and multi-unit StormPav system is attempted using SW-FS. The modelling outputs in terms of velocity distribution within the StormPav system of the two developed models are found to reasonably matched.
A new compilation of globally gridded night‐time marine air temperatures: The UAHNMATv1 dataset

Near‐surface air temperature over the oceans is a relatively unused parameter in understanding the current state of climate, but is useful as an independent temperature metric over the oceans and serves as a geographical and physical complement to near‐surface air temperature over land. Although one complete version of this dataset exists (HadNMAT2), it has been strongly recommended that various groups generate climate records independently, which is one motivation here. This University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) study began with the construction of monthly night‐time marine air temperature (UAHNMATv1) values from the early‐twentieth century through to the present era using air temperatures on ships. Data from the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3.0 (R3.0) were used to compile a complete time series of gridded UAHNMATv1. The observations required detailed homogenization procedures since there are many biases to account for such as increasing ship height and changing observing practices. The UAHNMATv1 dataset, once homogenized, is gridded to 5.0° monthly anomalies from 1900 to 2018. This study will present results which quantify the variability and trends and compare to current trends of other related datasets that include HadNMAT2 and sea‐surface temperatures (HadISST & ERSSTv4). This new dataset has broad overall agreement both globally and regionally with HadNMAT2, HadISST, and ERSSTv4 datasets.
Floating Macro Litter in European Rivers -Top Items

The JRC exploratory project RIMMEL provides information about litter, mainly plastic waste, entering the European Seas through river systems. RIMMEL has collected data on riverine floating macro litter inputs to the sea. Data acquisition was based on the Riverine Litter Observation Network (RiLON) activities, which collected data from rivers in the European marine basins over a period of one year (September 2016 – September 2017). Data was collected by visual observations and documented with the JRC Floating Litter Monitoring Application for mobile devices, allowing a harmonized reporting, compatible with the MSFD Master List of Categories for Litter Items. This report includes the Top Items lists of riverine floating macro litter, based on the total amount of litter items identified during RiLON activities and ranked by abundance. Top Items lists have been elaborated considering the whole database for the European Seas and further detailed for each individual European regional sea: Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic. The North-East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea regions showed similar litter categories in their Top 20 Items. These two regions provided most of the available data, influencing the general Top Items list. In the Black Sea and Baltic Sea regions, where data availability was limited, the Top Items lists showed more differences among the different regions. Overall, the general Top Items list for the European Seas showed a predominance of plastic item categories (artificial polymer materials). As a whole, plastic items made up to 80.8% of all objects, with plastic and polystyrene fragments comprising 45% of the identified items in the database. Additionally, Single Use Plastics such as bottles, cover/packaging and bags were also ranked among the most frequently found floating litter. The similarities in the Top 10 and Top 20 items for the different regions, and the appearance of Single Use Plastics scoring high in the ranking, support the need for common actions against plastic pollution at EU level.
Estimating population size and observation bias for spring Chinook Salmon

The primary conservation prioritization tool for spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), population viability analysis, is often conducted with biased spawner abundance data with no associated statistical uncertainty or error. This study estimated observation error of surveyors counting redds in two spring Chinook Salmon populations where hatchery supplementation is implemented as a conservation tool. Habitat complexity, redd density and the amount of observer experience were important in estimating error rates. Increases in both habitat complexity and experience reduced net error rates. Conversely, net error rates increased as redd density increased. Unbiased estimates of redd abundance were generated and converted to spawner abundance using population specific redd expansion factors. The precision (i.e., coefficient of variation [CV]) of spawner abundance estimates were similar in the Wenatchee (natural CV = 5%; hatchery CV = 6%) and Methow (natural CV = 5%; hatchery CV = 2%) watersheds because average net error rates were similar (Wenatchee = −0.1512; Methow = −0.1748). This study addresses a criticism of population viability analysis (i.e., parameter uncertainty) that should result in more scientifically defensible conservation priorities and recommendations that can be implemented with greater certainty.
Human-Wildlife Conflicts and Compensation for Losses in Kenya: Dynamics, Characteristics and Correlates

29 Biodiversity conservation in developing countries, including in Africa, is faced with 30 many and mounting challenges, especially human-wildlife conflicts (HWC). We analyze patterns 31 in HWC data consisting of multiple wildlife species. These data were collected over 23-years 32 (1995 2017) from six regions constituting the Greater Tsavo Ecosystem (GTE), containing the 33 largest protected area in Kenya. Overall, five wildlife species that contributed most to HWC 34 incidents were the elephant (Loxodonta africana, 61.6%), nonhuman primates (11.5%), buffalo 35 (Syncerus caffer, 6.2%), lion (Panthera leo, 4.2%) and hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius, 3.8%). 36 HWC incidents showed spatial distinctions across the six regions, such that Taveta (43.3%, = 37 10,427) was the leading human-elephant conflict (HEC) hotspot and Mutomo was the epicenter 38 of primate, snake and python conflicts. Taveta, Rombo and Mutomo were leading in livestock 39 attacks by large carnivores particularly the lion, spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) and leopard 40 (Panthera pardus). HWC showed marked inter-annual and seasonal variation during 1995 2017 41 related to similar variations in the availability, quality and distribution of food and water 42 governed by rainfall fluctuations. HEC was positively and linearly related with human, elephant 43 and livestock population densities. The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) responded to HWC 44 reports and the rate of these responses peaked in 2017 when KWS attended to over 90% of the 45 reported conflicts. HWC cases in Tsavo were not only substantial but increased strikingly over 46 time. Hence, sustainable biodiversity conservation in human-dominated landscapes is contingent 47 upon communities deriving meaningful benefits from wildlife conservation. Far-sighted 48 measures and different conservation approaches are required to mitigate HWC in communal 49 areas neighboring protected areas. 50 Mukeka J. M. et al. 3
How persistent are hysteresis patterns between suspended sediment concentration and discharge at different timescales?

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to characterize the hysteresis of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at different timescales for the Educational and Research Forest Watershed of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. Hysteresis loops were developed between flow discharge and SSC using data for (i) the whole period, (ii) seasonal, (iii) monthly and (iv) storm-event timescales. The data were collected on an hourly basis at daily and storm-event scales from October 2007 to July 2008. The SSC hysteresis for all the events in the whole study period showed a clockwise pattern, with a flushing behaviour pointing to sudden changes in sediment sources. The results further reveal that the study watershed behaves differently from the viewpoint of hysteresis patterns, with different conditions of dilution and flushing between SSC and flow discharge at different timescales. These result from the complex varying effect of governing conditions on the watershed.
Taking the initiative: Exploring the usefulness of faculty-student interaction based on validation theory

vi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Problem Statement . 2 Purpose of the Study . 8 Research Questions . 9 Significance of the Study . 9 Organization of the Dissertation . 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 11 Overview of Faculty-Student Interaction and its Utility . 13 Overview of Theoretical Framework . 22 Faculty Role and Validating Strategies.30 Chapter 3: Methodology . 34 Methodological Approach . 35 Research Design.37 Explanation of Cycles . 39 Research Site . 40 Participant Selection . 41 Faculty Profile . 42 Data Collection . 42 Validity and Reliability . 44 Data Analysis . 45 Limitations . 46