Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viral Delivery of Non-Mutated Human Truncated Tau to Neurons Recapitulates Key Features of Human Tauopathy in Wild-Type Mice.

BACKGROUND Neuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and truncated tau aggregates is one of the major defining factors and key drivers of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. OBJECTIVE We developed an AAV-induced model of tauopathy mediated by human truncated tau protein without familial frontotemporal dementia-related mutations to study tau propagation and the functional consequences of tau pathology. METHODS We performed targeted transductions of the hippocampus or entorhinal cortex in adult mice followed by histological analysis to study the progression of hippocampal tau pathology and tau spreading. We performed behavioral analysis of mice with AAV-induced hippocampal tau pathology. RESULTS AAV-induced hippocampal tau pathology was characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation (AT8 positivity), sarkosyl insolubility, and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. AAV-induced tau pathology was associated with microgliosis and hypertrophic astrocytes in the absence of cognitive deficits. Additionally, the co-expression of mCherry fluorescent protein and human truncated tau enabled us to detect both local spreading of human tau and spreading from the entorhinal cortex to the synaptically connected dentate gyrus. CONCLUSION Targeted delivery of AAV with truncated tau protein into subcortical and cortical structures of mammalian brains represents an efficient approach for creating temporally and spatially well-defined tau pathology suitable for in vivo studies of tau propagation and neuronal circuit deficits in Alzheimer's disease.
Why did the use of antimony-bearing alloys in Bronze Age Anatolia fall dormant after the Early Bronze Age?: A Case from Resuloğlu (Çorum, Turkey)

The archaeometallurgical and archaeological research carried out in Anatolia has provided numerous examples of diverse alloying practices representing different levels of societal interaction, from the extraction of ores to the trade of finished goods and high level gift exchange among elites. While discussions abound about the exploitation of mines, mining settlements, possible origins of artifacts, resources of copper, arsenic, and especially tin to improve our knowledge about Anatolian Bronze Age mining and metallurgy, uncommon alloying practices including the use of antimony, nickel, or lead have long remained in the shadows of scholarly research. With the aim of bringing attention to the diversity in alloying practices in Anatolian metallurgy, this article focuses on the use of antimony through an appraisal of archaeological and textual evidence from Bronze Age Anatolia. Archaeometric data from several Early Bronze Age sites are re-examined alongside new data emerging from Resuloğlu (Çorum, Turkey) to explain the reduction of the variety of alloy types used. Portable-XRF analysis of artifacts from Resuloğlu and mineralogical analysis of an antimony-bearing ore fragment present evidence of use of antimony at the region during the Early Bronze Age. This period is followed by disappearance of antimony in material record until the Iron Age, while textual records weakly refer to its circulation within the region. This paper considers geological, technological, and socio-economic factors to explain why the use of antimony alloys falls dormant after the Early Bronze Age. The political and economic change towards centralization over geological and technological factors is proposed as an explanation.
Endoscopic trans gluteal minimal‐invasive approach for nerve liberation (ENTRAMI technique) in case of pudendal and/or cluneal neuralgia by entrapment: One‐year follow‐up

Chronic neuropathic perineal pain syndrome is a collective term that encompasses several diagnoses. In patients where the neuropathic pain syndrome is caused by pudendal or cluneal nerve entrapment, surgical release can be proposed if other measures have failed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients suffering from pudendal and/or cluneal nerve entrapment at 1 year after this minimal invasive surgery, which is based on the open trans gluteal approach who has proven its efficacy compared to medical treatment in a randomized control trial.
The Neotropical genera Oxycrepis Reiche and Stolonis Motschulsky: a taxonomic review, key to the described species and description of new Stolonis species from Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Loxandrini)

Five species of Stolonis (Carabidae: Loxandrini) are newly described: S. yasuni Will, sp. n. , S. spinosus Will, sp. n. , S. catenarius Will, sp. n. , S. tapiai Will, sp. n. from Yasuni Scientific Station, Orellana Province (previously part of Napo Province), Ecuador and S. scortensis Will, sp. n. with its type locality Reserva Faunistica Cuyabeno, Sucumbios Province, Ecuador. A key to adults of Stolonis and Oxycrepis species is provided. Generic concepts for these taxa are briefly reviewed.
In-hospital statin initiation characteristics and one-year statin adherence rates in patients hospitalised for acute coronary syndrome

Abstract Introduction In the present study, we aimed to evaluate compliance to lipid lowering guidelines regarding statin prescription on discharge and statin adherence rates during a follow-up period of one year in patients hospitalised with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods In-hospital records of 3506 ACS patients, of which 771 had experienced an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 2735 had experienced a non-STEMI, were collected. We calculated medication possession ratios (MPRs) for each subject. We designated patients with ≥9 statin refills/year (MPR ≥ 0.75) as the statin-adherent group and patients with <9 statin refills/year (MPR < 0.75) as the statin-non-adherent group. Results During a 12-month follow-up period, 234 patients in the STEMI group (30.3%) and 391 patients in the non-STEMI group (14.3%) had 12 refills of statin. Thus, only 17.8% of the total study population had complete adherence to statin therapy with an MPR of 1. When patients with ≥9 statin prescriptions were categorised as the statin-adherent group, only 1575 patients (44.9%) were found to be adherent to statin treatment. In multivariate analysis, patients with a non-STEMI diagnosis and high intensity statin treatment had higher rates of non-adherence (OR:1.685, 95%CI:1.412–2.012, p < .01 and OR:1.344, 95% CI: 1.147–1.574, p < .01, respectively). Patients with prior statin treatment had lower rates of non-adherence(OR:0.437, 95%CI: 0.346–0.553, p < .01). Conclusion The present study shows that compliance with guidelines regarding statin initiation during hospitalisation and statin adherence rates during a one-year follow-up period are low for patients treated for ACS. Considering the overwhelming clinical benefits of high-intensity statins in patients with ACS, every effort should be made to increase the rate of optimal use of statins in secondary prevention.
Relationship between distribution of kudu and woody plant structure

The seasonal distribution of kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in relation to the woody plant structure and forage availability has not yet been investigated in the Nylsvley Nature Reserve. The objective was to identify significant habitat variables influencing the distribution of kudu and to construct a model for predicting kudu distribution. Manly’s index showed that kudu selected the Aristida bipartita–Setaria sphacelata Savanna variation throughout the year, probably because of the abundance of youngAcaciakarroo in this plant community. Bachelor males also preferred plant communities on lithosol soils, with Combretum species as the common tree. The analysis of variance and Tukey’s test showed that plant communities generally differed significantly (P < 0.05) from one another in terms of woody plant structure and forage availability. Multiple regression analysis was used to construct predictive models for kudu breeding distribution. Eight significant habitat variables were isolated for the summer modely =b1 woody plant density +b2 % woody canopy cover + b3 leaf volume +b4 leaf mass +b5 leaf mass below 2 m +b6 browse tree equivalent +b7 foliage height diversity of maximum canopy diameter +b8 foliage height diversity at lowest leaf. The winter model consists of four variablesy =b1 woody plant density +b2 % woody plant canopy cover + b3 foliage height diversity of maximum canopy diameter + b4 foliage height diversity of lowest leaf. Model variables suggest that habitat utilization by breeding herds was influenced by forage availability, measured as leaf volume and leaf mass, within a feeding height of <2 m and with a high structural diversity. Woody plant density and percentage canopy cover probably also serve as cover for protection. The winter model would be most applicable to predict breeding herd distribution. However this needs to be tested against independent data before it can be applied successfully.
Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm Phase II Trial (KEYNOTE-629)

PURPOSE Treatment options are limited for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC); mortality rates exceed 70% in patients with distant metastases. Here, we present the first interim analysis of the R/M cSCC cohort from the 2-cohort—locally advanced and R/M—phase II KEYNOTE-629 study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with R/M cSCC not amenable to surgery or radiation received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. The primary end point was objective response rate per RECIST v1.1. Secondary end points were duration of response, disease control rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. RESULTS At data cutoff (April 8, 2019), median follow-up of 105 enrolled patients in the R/M cohort was 11.4 months (range, 0.4 to 16.3 months). Objective response rate was 34.3% (95% CI, 25.3% to 44.2%; 4 complete responses, 32 partial responses), and disease control rate was 52.4% (95% CI, 42.4% to 62.2%). Median duration of response was not reached (range, 2.7 to 13.1+ months; ‘+’ refers to ongoing response at data cutoff). Median progression-free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 3.1 months to 8.5 months). Median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 10.7 months to not reached). Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 66.7% of patients (n = 70), the most common of which were pruritus (n = 15; 14.3%), asthenia (n = 14; 13.3%), and fatigue (n = 13; 12.4%). Grade 3 to 5 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 5.7% (n = 6) of patients. One patient died of treatment-related cranial nerve neuropathy. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab demonstrated effective antitumor activity; clinically meaningful, durable responses; and acceptable safety in primarily elderly patients with R/M cSCC, supporting its use in clinical practice. Pembrolizumab adverse events in this study were consistent with its established safety profile.
The effect of molybdenum and sulfur on the kinetics of copper metabolism in sheep

Sheep were given 0, 5, 10, 15 or 25 mg/day molybdenum with or without 1.1 g/day sulfur orally for 1 week, and the nature of the interaction between these elements and copper was then investigated by injecting 64Cu intravenously, and analysing the disappearance of 64Cu from the blood by compartmental analysis. Molybdenum treatment decreased the rate of disappearance of 64Cu from the blood, and this decrease was enhanced by the concurrent administration of sulfur. Analysis of the disappearance curves in terms of a three-compartment catenary model showed that calculated total liver copper pool size (mean¦s.d. (n = 4)) was decreased from 37.5¦6.4 mg (no treatment) to 6.3 ¦ 1.9 mg (50 mg/day molybdenum plus sulfur), whereas the liver copper pool size (determined by biopsy) remained unchanged. The reduction in calculated pool size was proportional to the molybdenum dose and was similar in magnitude to the reduction in actual copper pool size obtained following long-term (6 months) dosing with molybdenum and sulfur. These changes were most likely due to alterations in the kinetic parameters responsible for the initial phase of removal of 64Cu from the blood, i.e. K21 (the rate of transfer between blood copper (Q1)and liver copper (Q1 + Q2)), and bloodcopper. Consequently, therelationship between K21,various blood copper fractions and molybdenum dose rate was investigated using the results of this experiment and data obtained from the literature; it was found that a reduction in the amount of copper in the blood which exchanged freely with the 64Cu was the most likely explanation for the decrease in the rate of disappearance of 64Cu from the blood following molybdenum and sulfur treatment.
3GPP Release-16 Preconfigured Uplink Resources for LTE-M and NB-IoT

Since Release 13, the Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and LTE for machine-type communications (LTE-M) provide wide-area connectivity for IoT. In subsequent releases, their basic functionalities evolved to support higher data rates, enhanced mobility, and power saving features. In Release 16, Preconfigured Uplink Resources (PUR) introduce the possibility to assign radio resources to a user equipment (UE) in advance for transmission of uplink data without the need of connection setup. In this article we show that the UE power saving gain from PUR compared to existing features is largest if data transmissions are relatively frequent and payloads are small enough to be transmitted in a single shot. For example, with periodicity of 30 s, 50 bytes payload, and 43 min extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) cycle, the gain for PUR compared to early data transmission (EDT) ranges from 50 percent in good coverage to 7 percent in deep coverage.
Respiration and germination rates of tomato seeds at suboptimal temperatures and reduced water potentials

Suboptimal temperature (7") affects germination rates (reciprocal of time to radicle emergence) on a thermal time basis; that is, the T in excess of a base or minimum temperature multiplied by the time to a given per cent germination (fg) is a constant. Respiration rates are also sensitive to T, and proportional relationships are often found between respiration rates and germination rates. Reduced water potential (if/) delays seed germination on a hydrotime basis (i.e. the \p in excess of a base water potential multiplied by tg is a constant). It was tested whether respiration rates prior to radicle emergence vary in proportion to T and iff as expected from the thermal and hydrotime models. Respiration rates (C02 evolution) of cold-tolerant, rapidly germinating (PI 341988) and cold-sensitive, more slowly germinating (T5) tomato {Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) seeds were evaluated over a range of T and if/ conditions. For both genotypes, respiration rates until the beginning of radicle emergence were related to T on a thermal time basis and increased approximately linearly with iff above — 2.0 MPa, consistent with the hydrotime model. Respiration rates were uniquely related to germination rates, regardless of whether germination timing was affected by T, if/, or genotype. However, germination timing was unaffected when respiration rates were manipulated by varying O2 partial pressure. Thus, while both germination and respiration rates vary with T and iff consistent with thermal and hydrotime models of biological time, respiration rates per se were not the limiting factor in germination timing of tomato seeds.
An update of pathogenic variants in ASPM, WDR62, CDK5RAP2, STIL, CENPJ, and CEP135 underlying autosomal recessive primary microcephaly in 32 consanguineous families from Pakistan

Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting as small brain and intellectual disability. It underlies isolated reduction of the cerebral cortex that is reminiscent of early hominids which makes it suitable model disease to study the hominin‐specific volumetric expansion of brain. Mutations in 25 genes have been reported to cause this disorder. Although majority of these genes were discovered in the Pakistani population, still a significant proportion of these families remains uninvestigated.
Membrane Lipid Composition and Heat Tolerance in Cool-season Turfgrasses, including a Hybrid Bluegrass

Cool-season turfgrasses may experience heat stress during summer. Hybrid bluegrasses (HBGs), crosses between kentucky bluegrass (KBG (Poa pratensis L.)) and native texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.), have improved heat tolerance but the mechanisms of heat tolerance are poorly understood. Our objectives were to quantitatively profile membrane lipid molecular species in three cool-season turfgrasses exposed to optimal (22/15 8C, 14/10 h light/dark) and supra-optimal temperatures (35/25 8C and 40/30 8C, 14/10 h light/dark). Grasses included a low heat-tolerant tall fescue (TF (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 'Dynasty')), a mid-heat-tolerant KBG ('Apollo'), and a heat-tolerant HBG ('Thermal Blue'). At high temperature, glycolipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) in HBG was 12% and 16% greater than in KBG and TF, respectively, and the ratio DGDG to monogalactosyldiacyl- glycerol was 19% and 44% greater in HBG than in KBG and TF, respectively. Greater heat tolerance in HBG and KBG was associated with higher contents of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, and with reduced overall unsaturation compared with TF. Overall, 20 lipid molecular species were present in greater amounts and another 20 species in lesser amounts in HBG and KBG than in TF. Results suggest 40 membrane lipid molecules are potential biomarkers for heat tolerance and that compositional changes in membrane lipids in response to heat contribute to differences in heat tolerance among cool-season grasses.
Visual Detection of Potato leafroll virus by One-step Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification of DNA with Hydroxynaphthol Blue Dye

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a novel technique for amplifying DNA under constant temperature, with high specificity, sensitivity, rapidity and efficiency. We applied reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) to visually detect Potato leafroll virus. One-step RT-LAMP was performed using RNA of PLRV-infected potato leaves and a set of primers (F3, B3, FIP, BIP, LF and LB) designed for RT-LAMP reaction of the coat protein (CP) gene of PLRV. Positive effects of RT-LAMP were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) dye and were shown by a colour change from violet to sky blue. RT-LAMP with HNB dye proved to be a simple assay for the rapid detection of PLRV.
Sibling species complexes in sympatric populations of Petrotilapia Trewavas (Cichlidae, Lake Malawi)

The endemic Lake Malawi cichlid, Petrotilapia tridentiger Trewavas, was found to be a complex of sibling species. The various sympatric species show considerable homogeneity in body form and dentition but are separable on the basis of differences in adult coloration, size at maturity, depth distribution, size and degree of overlap of territories, aggression and courtship. Colour is considered to be important for specific mate recognition in this genus. Examination of wild populations is a valuable, perhaps essential, adjunct to classical taxonomy when dealing with the systematics of sibling species in Lake Malawi.
Tailored Transverse Mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Hollow Laser Beam Emission through Circle Aperture

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers that can be controlled to emit hollow laser beam in certain LP21 mode are proposed and fabricated. A circular inverted surface relief with precisely designed diameter and thickness is introduced through theoretical simulation. The fabricated device shows a stable single LP21 mode operation with excellent robustness of mode and power to temperature. Preliminary analysis attribute the excellent performance of the device to the inverted surface relief, leading to hollow near-field spot distribution.
Effect of exogenous silicon on germination and seedling establishment in Borago officinalis L.

0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5, 2 mM Na2Sio3) in 4 replicates. The results showed that different treatments of silicon had considerable effect on the germination rate (GR), germination index (GI) and seedling growth of borage. The highest germination percentage was obtained at 1.5 mM silicon and the total dry and fresh weight of seedling was increased. Result of this experiment is consistent with the hypothesis that silicon has a priming effect and can prepare a suitable metabolic reaction in seeds and improve seed germination performance and seedling establishment.
Effects of wheat cultivar, metabolizable energy level, and xylanase supplementation to laying hens diet on performance, egg quality traits, and selected blood parameters

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate the effects of two dietary apparent metabolizable energy (AME) levels (2,720 and 2,580 kcal kg -1 diet) and enzyme (0 and 0.3 g kg -1 diet, Grindazym ® GP 15,000 with mostly xylanase activity) supplementation on the performance of laying hens fed diets based on two wheat cultivars (Marvdasht and Sardari). Experimental diets were formulated to have a constant energy to protein ratio and were fed to 65-wk-old Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens for 7 wk. The lower level of AME reduced egg production and egg mass ( p 0.05). Nevertheless, birds receiving diets based on Marvdasht cultivar had higher feed intake and egg mass than that of those receiving diets based on Sardari cultivar ( p <0.05). The birds fed diets based on Marvdasht cultivar produced less undesired eggs and had better yolk color as compared with the birds fed diets based on Sardari cultivar ( p <0.05). The serum concentration of glucose increased by enzyme supplementation when birds receiving lower AME level ( p <0.05). These results indicate that enzyme supplementation may have a positive effect on the feed intake of laying hens when fed on wheat-based diets; however, this effect is cultivar dependent and does not necessarily mean that enzyme supplementation always benefit production.
Soluble CD14 Induces Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synovial Cells via Toll-Like Receptor 4

Objectives: Synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients commonly contain high concentrations of soluble CD14 (sCD14). To investigate its potential role in RA pathogenesis, we tested whether sCD14 binding transmits a signal to fibroblast-like synoviocytes from RA patients (RA-FLS). Methods: The induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and mediators by sCD14 stimulation of RA-FLS was quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA. Cell proliferation was assessed by the BrdU assay. LPS-RS, a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) antagonist, was used to block TLR-4 signaling. Results: Soluble CD14 induced the expression of IL-6 mRNA and secretion of the protein. The expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), MMP-3, and RANK ligand (RANKL), was also induced by sCD14. In addition, sCD14 stimulation promoted RA-FLS proliferation. LPS-RS abolished IL-6, IL-8, and ICAM-1 mRNA induction by sCD14 in RA-FLS. On the other hand, TNF-α and IL-17A increased TLR-4 expression by RA-FLS and amplified their sCD14-induced IL-6 expression. Conclusions: Soluble CD14 transmits inflammatory signals to RA-FLS via TLR-4. The effects of sCD14 may be augmented in inflammatory milieu. Our results suggest that sCD14 is involved in the pathogenesis of RA and may be a novel therapeutic target.