Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the Physico-chemical Properties of Al-Chibayish Water Marshes on The Biodiversity of Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton, as one of the most important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, has been widely used to indicate the health of ecosystems. Nine physico-chemical parameters of water, as well as the phytoplankton community, of Al-Chibayish marsh were studied. Samples were collected from four sites and analyzed every two months from January to October 2019. Seasonal variations in physical and chemical properties were observed at all sites during the study period. The results indicated that 154 species of phytoplankton were recorded. The highest percentage of species was recorded to be 64.28% for Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) (Centrales 3.24% and Pennales 61.03%), followed by Chlorophyceae (16.23%), Cyanophyceae (11.68%), and Charophyceae and Euglenophyceae (3.24%), while Pyrrophyceae recorded the lowest value (1.29%) The numbers of phytoplankton species were 102, 94, 102, 99 in sites 1, 2, 3 and 4 ,respectively, during the study period. The total density of phytoplankton ranged from 223.769 cells x103 during January to 2784.693 cells x103 during September in site 2, with a clear increase during March and September, while the lowest number was 223.796 - 237.248 cells x103 in January and May, respectively. The dominance of diatoms was observed in all sites by 49.07% of the total density of phytoplankton, while the lowest abundance was 0.04% for the Pyrrophyceae. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences among sites and months, concerning the physical, chemical, and biological factors measured during the study period, at p-value <0.05.
Avian Haemosporidian Diversity on Sardinia: A First General Assessment for the Insular Mediterranean

The Western Palearctic is one of the most investigated regions for avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon), yet geographic gaps in our regional knowledge remain. Here, we report the first haemosporidian screening of the breeding birds from Sardinia (the second-largest Mediterranean Island and a biodiversity hotspot), and the first for the insular Mediterranean in general. We examined the occurrence of haemosporidians by amplifying their mtDNA cytb gene in 217 breeding birds, belonging to 32 species. The total prevalence of infected birds was 55.3%, and of the 116 haplotypes recovered, 84 were novel. Despite the high number of novel lineages, phylogenetic analysis did not highlight Sardinia-specific clades; instead, some Sardinian lineages were more closely related to lineages previously recovered from continental Europe. Host-parasite network analysis indicated a specialized host-parasite community. Binomial generalized linear models (GLMs), performed at the community level, suggested an elevational effect on haemosporidian occurrence probability (negative for Haemoproteus; positive for Leucocytozoon) likely due to differences in the abundance of insect vectors at different elevations. Furthermore, a GLM revealed that sedentary birds showed a higher probability of being infected by novel haplotypes and long-distance migrants showed a lower probability of novel haplotype infection. We hypothesize that the high diversity of haemosporidians is linked to the isolation of breeding bird populations on Sardinia. This study adds to the growing knowledge on haemosporidians lineage diversity and distribution in insular environments and presents new insights on potential host-parasite associations.
Hydroelectric Plants and Dams as Industrial Heritage in the Context of Nature-Culture Interrelation: An Overview of Examples in Turkey

The article investigates nature–culture interrelation over the case studies of hydroelectric plants of the 20th century. In many cases, construction of these structures has evidently resulted in irreversible changes in natural and cultural environments. However, they have also supplied energy for the industrialization of civilizations. After approximately 100 years of existence, it is crucial to determine the future of these hydroelectric facilities, which are artifacts of industrial heritage approaching the end of their productive life spans. The article proposes an analytical approach aiming to sustain the integrity of nature and culture in the conservation of hydroelectric plants, presenting these energy facilities as cultural properties of industrial heritage, and discussing the impact of hydroelectric dams on natural and cultural environments, along with the effects of nature in the deterioration of these structures in order to pave the way to an optimized and sustainable future for the heritage of energy.
How a grateful leader trait can cultivate creative employees: A dual-level leadership process model

ABSTRACT Does trait gratitude shape leaders’ behavior and thus followers’ outcomes? We developed and tested a model linking leader’s trait gratitude to ethical leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX), and examine their impacts on followers’ felt psychological safety and thus creativity at work. Using multi-wave, multi-source survey data from 295 subordinates and 76 supervisors, we found that leader’s trait gratitude was positively associated with ethical leadership at the team level and LMX at the individual (follower) level. In turn, both ethical leadership and LMX contribute to followers’ felt psychological safety and ultimately improve creative performance at work. Our study extends gratitude research by examining how trait gratitude can shape leadership influence on followers.
Predictors and prognostic significance of persistent fluid overload: A longitudinal study in Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients

Background: Cross-sectional studies showed that fluid overload (FO) measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) predicted adverse outcomes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). We aimed to describe the longitudinal change in volume status in Chinese PD patients and determine its relation with clinical outcomes. Methods: We performed a single-centre, retrospective analysis of all PD patients who underwent repeated BIS from 2010 to 2015. FO was defined by relative hydration index (RHI; volume of overhydration adjusted by extracellular water >7%). Variability of volume status (VVS) was denoted by the standard deviation of all RHI. The association of time-averaged RHI and VVS on patient and technique survival was explored by a competing risk model. Results: A total of 269 patients were followed for a median of 47.1 months. Mean time-averaged RHI was 17.6 ± 10.2%. Multivariable mixed linear regression revealed that RHI was significantly associated with diabetes, time-varying systolic blood pressure, and inversely with time-varying albumin level, lean tissue index and fat tissue index (p <0.0001 for all). Time-averaged RHI independently predicted patient survival (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07, p <0.0001) and technique survival (SHR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06, p <0.0001), whereas VVS did not. The mortality risk for patients with persistent FO was consistently higher than the corresponding risk estimated from baseline FO of the same extent. Conclusions: Persistent FO was a strong predictor of patient and technique failure. Repeated bioimpedance measurements to monitor volume status may provide additional prognostic information in PD patients. Graphical Abstract This is a visual representation of the abstract.
A New Maintenance Optimization Model Based on Three-Stage Time Delay for Series Intelligent System with Intermediate Buffer

For the maintenance problem of intelligent series system with buffer stock, a preventive maintenance model based on the threestage time delay theory is proposed. Firstly, the intelligent series system is decomposed into n − 1 virtual series systems by using approximate decomposition method. The impact factor is introduced to establish the failure rate and maintenance rate model of each virtual machine. Secondly, a preventive maintenance model based on the three-stage time delay theory is proposed for each virtual series system. The machine state from normal operation to failure stage is divided into three steps: initial defect, serious defect, and fault, and different distribution functions are defined in different stages to simulate the degradation process of the machine. Based on the three-stage time delay theory, the machine cost ratio model was established by taking the machine monitoring time and buffer stock as decision variables and the minimum unit time cost rate as objective function. Finally, the rationality and validity of the model are verified by an example analysis, which provides a basis for the maintenance of the intelligent series system.
Temperature-Controlled Molecular Dynamics Studies on the Folding Mechanism of the Tubulin Active Peptides

Using temperature controlled and normal temperature molecular dynamics methods,an in-depth study was undertaken on the folding mechanism of the tubulin active peptide (Pep1-28). The total simulation time was 380.0 ns. We found a clear folding pathway by gradually decreasing the temperature using temperature controlled molecular dynamics simulations. Noticeable folding was observed at about 550 K and reversible folding and unfolding mecha-nisms were determined as U(1200 K)圮I1(1200-1000 K)圮I2(800 K)圮I3(600 K)圮I4(450 K)圮F1(400 K)圮F2 (300 K),where U is an unfolded conformation and I1,I2,I3,and I4 are four important intermediates in the folding process. F1 and F2 are two folded conformations with similar structures. Conformational transformation and the folding process take place very quickly in normal temperature molecular dynamics,causing great difficulty in ob-serving effective and stable intermediate conformations. The normal temperature molecular dynamics folds into a lo-cal energy minimum with the structure having severe discrepancies with that of the temperature controlled (300 K). The energy difference between these two folded structures was calculated to be as high as 297.53 kJ·mol-1. Therefore,the temperature controlled molecular dynamics method can provide direct and reliable proof for folding and unfolding by presenting the important intermediate conformations and can also induce folding towards the global lowest-energy conformation by crossing over high energy barriers.
Curcuma longa supplement increases anxiety-like behavior and blood glucose level in Swiss albino mice

Curcuma longa (C. longa), also known as curcumin, is a lipophilic polyphenol substance proven to have cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties in both in vitro and in vivo models. Most previous studies investigated the effect of C. longa on diabetic mice and therefore, there is a need to investigate the effect of C. longa on normoglycemic mice. Depression is a common consequence of anxiety that affects 21% of the world’s population. Since the prevalence of diabetes and depression is on the rise globally, it is important to search for safer and cost-effective management for these disorders. In doing so, it is therefore essential to investigate its effect in normoglycemic mice. The current study determines the effect of C. longa on blood glucose level and anxiety-like behavior in normoglycemic Swiss albino mice. A total of 20 mice were divided into four groups of five (n=5 per group). Group I (control) received distilled water 10 ml/kg, groups II, III, and IV received C. longa at 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively, for 14 days. We found that 20% C. longa group showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in fasting blood glucose level (195.84±14.46 mg/dl) after 14 days of administration compared with the control group (134.60±4.52 mg/dl). We also found that 20% C. longa increased the anxiety-like behavior in normoglycemic Swiss albino mice compared with the control group. However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in both fasting blood glucose level and anxiety-like behavior between the mice treated with 5% and 10% C. longa and the control group. This study indicates that C. longa at high concentration is unsafe for consumption by normoglycemic Swiss albino mice.
A novel approach for understanding trauma-related youth violence in low resource contexts: A retrospective case file review in Northern Ireland

Adverse life events during childhood have been associated with increased rates of violence. Despite decades of violent conflict, there continues to be a paucity of contextually relevant data related to youth violence in Northern Ireland. Prospective studies are useful but these require time and resources that are not often available. In the absence of such studies, there remains a need to understand the prevalence and impact of serious youth violence in a cost-effective and timely way. The primary aim of this study is to present a novel method for collecting and analyzing violence-related data using existing administrative data through a retrospective case file review of young people aged 10–18 who spent time in custodial services (n = 145) over a 1-year period (January 2019 to December 2019) in Northern Ireland. A digital worksheet was developed and following a review, data from each file were extracted. Analyses examined the relationship between potentially traumatic life events and violent offending. Consistent with previous studies, this study found that rates of both adversity and violent offending are high. However, not all forms of adversity are associated with the same violent outcomes. Regression models illustrated, for instance, a significant relationship between community-based victimization and violent offending. Those who experienced more serious forms of violence were more likely to engage in higher harm violence. This study adds to the international literature on psychological trauma and youth violence and makes recommendations for future investigation.
Comparison of State and Private Elementary School Students’ Motivational Attitudes Towards the English Course-Adana Province Example in Turkey

The role of motivation in foreign language teaching has been a debated issue for long years. One of the problematic issues is the motivation problem encountered in foreign language courses. Because, the most important factor affecting academic success is motivation. Most researchers argued that as the motivation level increases, the level of foreign language learning will increase and students will learn foreign languages more easily. In this research, motivation attitudes of state and private elementary school students in foreign language courses in Turkey were examined. At the same time, the relationship between foreign language and motivation attitude of state and private elementary school students was tried to be determined. The sample of the research is 747 students in 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades selected by random sampling from a Private Elementary School and a State Elementary School in Adana Province, Turkey, in 2018−2019 academic year. In the research, the participants were applied the Academic Motivation Scale-AMS and there was a significant effect on the motivation of different school type (state and private), gender, school and primary school was not examined. The difference between motivation levels of the students in state and private schools was tried to be determined. In the study, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficiency and Independent Sample t-test Analysis were performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences—SPSS 22 Programme. According to the results, it was found that the motivation level differed according to the gender and school type.
From Engineering School to Careers: An Examination of Occupational Intentions of Mechanical Engineering Students

Abstract This paper examines the variation in career plans among U.S. senior year mechanical engineering undergraduates. The extent to which candidates persist from engineering school into engineering careers attracts attention from hiring managers, educators, and policymakers concerned with the future of the engineering workforce. Prior research has identified patterns of systemic variation in engineering students’ persistence, finding that particular student subsets exhibit lower likelihoods of pursuing conventionally categorized engineering jobs after graduation compared to others. These groups have included students from underrepresented demographics and those with particular key skills profiles. Based on survey data from a sample of 1,061 mechanical engineering seniors across nine universities, we first constructed an occupational sorting model that replicates previously reported relationships between student-specific factors and students’ intentions to work in engineering. We then expanded this model into a new multinomial outcomes model that examines the unique sets of factors associated with specific categories of occupational intentions from an array of engineering and non-engineering options. We find factors such as internship experiences, risk aversion, mathematics enjoyment, strength of professional identity, leadership aspirations, perceptions of creative opportunities, and salary expectations to be significantly associated, in unique combinations, with various types of occupational intentions. We conclude by discussing how knowledge of factors salient to students’ occupational sorting tendencies can help engineering managers refine approaches for recruitment and job formulation, so as to potentially broaden the attractiveness of engineering jobs across the candidate pool and to improve candidate-job matching.
Molecular Diversity in Lactuca Species Using Isozymes and RAPD Markers

Background: understanding molecular diversity in Lactuca species is substantial for the management, improvement and efficient uses of their accessions. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate molecular diversity among and within Lactuca species. Methods and Results: the molecular diversity was assessed using isozymes and RAPD analyses that gave 87.09% and 100% polymorphic percentages respectively, indicating a high genetic variation within and among Lactuca species. The number of alleles were higher in the wild species compared to the cultivated species, reflecting a reduction in the richness of alleles in the cultivated species due to domestication that caused a reduction in genetic diversity to meet the demand for high crop productivity. Isozymes and RAPD clustering dendrogrames: (1) separated, L. sativa accessions in more than one cluster confirming their polyphyletic origin; (2) collected the accessions of L. viminea in one cluster revealed its homogeneity; and (3) divided the accessions of L. saligna in two clusters varied in the number of alleles, particularly “A” form. The corresponding analysis associated the accessions of the wild species based on “B” form of the alleles of the tested isozymes, and the cultivated species on the forms “A” and “C”, suggesting that: (1) allele “B” might be the primitive form of these loci that can tolerate the environmental stresses which prevails in the habitats of the wild species, and (2) forms “A” and “C” could be the derived forms. Conclusions: These results are of great interest for the management of Lactuca germplasm and for future breeding programs of lettuce.
Give and take: The role of reciprocity in capitalization

ABSTRACT A person can reap psychological benefits when sharing their accomplishments or capitalizing with a partner. These benefits often depend on whether a partner responds with enthusiasm; however, it is unknown what prompts enthusiastic responses. In two experiments, we aimed to examine whether partners reciprocate enthusiastic responses to capitalization attempts. In Study 1, participants (N = 394) who recalled their partner’s past enthusiastic feedback to capitalization attempts endorsed stronger intentions to respond enthusiastically to their partner’s capitalization attempts (relative to a comparison group recalling their partner’s prior demeaning feedback). In Study 2 (N = 326), we found that enthusiastic responses to capitalization attempts were reciprocated among romantic couples but reciprocation was not mediated by subjective emotion, emotional expressiveness, nor physiological responses. In conclusion, our findings support reciprocity in capitalization, i.e. romantic partners are more motivated and more likely to respond enthusiastically to capitalization attempts depending on their partner’s previous behavior.
Commodification of family lands and the changing dynamics of access in Ghana

Abstract The new scramble for land in Africa has revived debates on customary land tenure – a phenomenon that has become almost synonymous with the role of traditional chiefs in land politics. At the same time, investors continue to seek opportunities in complex customary land tenure systems, which may not necessarily be within the absolute domains of chiefs. This paper examines the politics of compensation and rent distribution following the process of a large-scale expropriation of family lands for an oil palm plantation in Ghana’s eastern corridor. It demonstrates how and why the sudden commodification of land and the accompanying individualisation of land holdings alter the power structure and entitlements within families, often concentrating authority in the hands of a few elderly male kin and exacerbating inequality. The resulting changes could be attributed to the state’s role in land and investment policies. However, family heads also used the ensuing process of compensation and rent distribution to increase their influence and income at the expense of some smallholder farmers, sharecroppers, migrants, women and the youth. Even as the state continues to promote such farmland investments, civil society and researchers can influence public policies to protect marginalised groups.
Investigation of different denim fabrics with fabric touch tester and sensory evaluation

ABSTRACT Denim fabric is a well-known textile product all over the world. The use of denim is preferred from casual clothes to elegant clothes and this situation is dependent on comfort properties besides physical properties. These all properties are related to customer satisfaction and this satisfaction affects product sales range. To provide for textile users’ needs and to determine specific fabric properties, different methods such as Kawabata Evaluation System of Fabric Hand (KES-F), Fabric Assurance By Simple Testing (SiroFAST) etc. were developed and used by researchers. In the scope of this study, the new equipment named the Fabric Touch Tester (FTT) and questionnaire method for sensory evaluation are used to investigate different denim fabric properties and interpret comfort perception. The FTT has four modules as thermal, compression, and bending and surface to measure fabric properties with small measure time about 5 minutes. Since the device is new, it has no known standard yet. According to the results, it is seen that the FTT is found to be suitable to discriminate among properties of different denim fabrics. At the same time, the sensory evaluation reveals that variable fiber type and weaving type are effective on perception assessment.