Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expanding Video Consultation Services at Pace and Scale in Scotland During the COVID-19 Pandemic: National Mixed Methods Case Study

Background Scotland—a country of 5.5 million people—has a rugged geography with many outlying islands, creating access challenges for many citizens. The government has long sought to mitigate these through a range of measures including an ambitious technology-enabled care program. A strategy to develop a nationwide video consultation service began in 2017. Our mixed methods evaluation was commissioned in mid-2019 and extended to cover the pandemic response in 2020. Objective To draw lessons from a national evaluation of the introduction, spread, and scale-up of Scotland’s video consultation services both before and during the pandemic. Methods Data sources comprised 223 interviews (with patients, staff, technology providers, and policymakers), 60 hours of ethnographic observation (including in-person visits to remote settings), patient and staff satisfaction surveys (n=20,349), professional and public engagement questionnaires (n=5400), uptake statistics, and local and national documents. Fieldwork during the pandemic was of necessity conducted remotely. Data were analyzed thematically and theorized using the Planning and Evaluating Remote Consultation Services (PERCS) framework which considers multiple influences interacting dynamically and unfolding over time. Results By the time the pandemic hit, there had been considerable investment in material and technological infrastructure, staff training, and professional and public engagement. Scotland was thus uniquely well placed to expand its video consultation services at pace and scale. Within 4 months (March-June 2020), the number of video consultations increased from about 330 to 17,000 per week nationally. While not everything went smoothly, video was used for a much wider range of clinical problems, vastly extending the prepandemic focus on outpatient monitoring of chronic stable conditions. The technology was generally considered dependable and easy to use. In most cases (14,677/18,817, 78%), patients reported no technical problems during their postconsultation survey. Health care organizations’ general innovativeness and digital maturity had a strong bearing on their ability to introduce, routinize, and expand video consultation services. Conclusions The national-level groundwork before the pandemic allowed many services to rapidly extend the use of video consultations during the pandemic, supported by a strong strategic vision, a well-resourced quality improvement model, dependable technology, and multiple opportunities for staff to try out the video option. Scotland provides an important national case study from which other countries may learn.
The Impact of Infant and Maternal Factors on Oral Feeding Performance in Premature Infants

Abstract Aims: To identify infant and maternal factors associated with attainment of full oral feeding (FOF) in premature infants. Method: A retrospective study was performed on 89 premature infants (<34 weeks gestational age) from a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Infant and maternal factors were concurrently assessed. Infant factors included gestational age, birthweight, continuous positive airway pressure assistance, mechanical ventilation support, and presence of neonatal morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and intraventricular hemorrhages (IVH). Maternal factors included maternal age, first born, twin birth, and presence of mental health conditions including anxiety, stress, or depression. Results: A total of 89 premature infants were included in the sample. A stepwise linear regression model revealed that infants who received mechanical ventilator support and presence of maternal mental health conditions were significantly associated with time to attain FOF. Conclusions: Results suggest that oral feeding performance is influenced not only by infant’s medical severity denoted by need for ventilator assistance, but also by presence of maternal anxiety, stress, and/or depression.
Living with HIV in Ghana: Disclosure of status and experiences of persons receiving antiretroviral therapy

Barriers to treatment faced by people living with HIV (PLWH) have been well explored in the literature. Despite the importance of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the treatment of HIV and prevention of AIDS, in the Ghanaian context only about 32% of infected persons have access to treatment. This underscores a need to understand the experiences of PLWH receiving ART to provide baseline information for policymakers’ efforts to increase access to treatment. This study captures the voices of PLWH who were receiving ART in Ghana. A total of 35 participants receiving treatment in a hospital setting (11 males, 24 females; mean age 38 years, age range 21–60 years) took part in semi-structured face-to-face interviews to discuss their opinions about the cause of their HIV infection and its impact on their lives. The study found that the participants were susceptible to discrimination in their communities and at health care facilities. Some participants experienced marriage breakdowns, unemployment, social isolation, and were unable to perform everyday chores and responsibilities. Concerted efforts to address the barriers to treatment faced by PLWH are needed.
Honeysuckle

In-app privacy notices can help smartphone users make informed privacy decisions. However, they are rarely used in real-world apps, since developers often lack the knowledge, time, and resources to design and implement them well. We present Honeysuckle, a programming tool that helps Android developers build in-app privacy notices using an annotation-based code generation approach facilitated by an IDE plugin, a build system plugin, and a library. We conducted a within-subjects study with 12 Android developers to evaluate Honeysuckle. Each participant was asked to implement privacy notices for two popular open-source apps using the Honeysuckle library as a baseline as well as the annotation-based approach. Our results show that the annotation-based approach helps developers accomplish the task faster with significantly lower cognitive load. Developers preferred the annotation-based approach over the library approach because it was much easier to learn and use and allowed developers to achieve various types of privacy notices using a unified code format, which can enhance code readability and benefit team collaboration.
Chemical characterization of leonardite and its potential use as a soil conditioner for plant growth enhancement

Humic substances which consist of natural organic matter (NOM) play a major role in plant growth through their impact on soil fertility (physical, chemical, and biological soil properties) and plant development. Concerns about soil and environmental degradation caused by intensive high-input agriculture stimulated substantial efforts to increase organic matter, particularly humic substances, in soils. Leonardite is NOM that contains high amounts of humic substances, especially humic acid. Leonardite from various deposits in Thailand was examined as a potential NOM for soil improvement. The chemical composition of leonardite varied among the numerous deposits. Leonardite from the Lee Mine contained the highest amount of humic acid (39.19 to 85.05%). Plant nutrients contained in all the leonardite samples were quite high (N, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) except for phosphorus. Characterization of leonardite samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) showed that silica (Si) was the major element in these materials. High contents of plant nutrients and humic acid in leonardite samples indicated its high potential use to improve organic matter, humic acid and some plant nutrient levels in the soils. However, its very low pH values (1.84 to 2.55) and low P content (28.6 to 211.2 mg kg-1) of most leonardite samples should be increased before use. The information obtained from our study is useful for determining the most appropriate use of leonardite in agriculture. Additionally, with its layered structure, high humic acid and nutrient contents, leonardite could be used as microbial carrier as well as peat. Further investigation should be performed to improve the benefit of using this natural organic material.
SAMD1 Distribution Patterns in Mouse Atherosclerosis Models Suggest Roles in LDL Retention, Antigen Presentation, and Cell Phenotype Modulation

The theory that lesions formed by retention of circulating LDL can then progress to complicated atherosclerotic lesions has been a subject of debate, as has the mechanism of retention. In earlier work, we identified SAMD1, a protein expressed by intimal smooth muscle cells in human lesions that appears to irreversibly bind apoB-Lps in extracellular matrix near the lumen. We hypothesized this binding could contribute to the formation of lesions in mice, and that inhibiting binding could reduce lesion growth. In mouse models of atherosclerosis, we found that SAMD1 binds LDL; that SAMD1/apoB complex is ingested by intimal cells; and that recognizable epitopes of the SAMD1/apoB complex survive some degree of catabolism in foam cell. These data appear to support the SAMD1/LDL retention hypothesis of lesion growth. Despite apparently irreversible binding of human LDL to full-length human SAMD1, efficient anti-SAMD1-antibody inhibitors were created. In vivo lesion targeting of inhibitors was demonstrated by MRI, ultrasound, and ex vivo microscopy. However, only non-statistically significant reductions in spontaneous lesion size in apoE-/- mice were seen after 12 weeks of treatment with PEG-fab inhibitors of SAMD1/LDL binding. In contrast, these inhibitors substantially reduced LDL retention in carotid injury lesions in apoE-/- and LDLR-/- mice 7 days after injury. The most obvious difference between injury lesions and early spontaneous lesions is the presence of numerous smooth muscle cells and associated extracellular matrix in the injury lesions. Thus, SAMD1 may be involved in retention of apoB-Lps in mouse lesions, but not until smooth muscle cells have entered the intima. In addition, SAMD1 is seen throughout arteries in changing patterns that suggest broader and more complicated roles in atherosclerosis.
CMAR_A_254093 3859..3864

Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China Introduction: 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks have been occurring in China and other countries in the world. To prevent further spread of the disease, restrictions of population flow from the government and measures to reduce virus transmission from hospitals may lead to the delay of diagnosis and treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: All NPC patients with radiotherapy indications were included from 20 weekdays before (group A) and after (group B) January 31, 2020, when the institute began to take measures against COVID-19. The waiting intervals of each step and variation from the diagnosis and treatment path of NPC between two groups were compared. Results: Significant differences were found between the group A and group B in the median waiting days for pathological biopsy (5 vs 15, P=0.012), radiotherapy immobilization and simulation (3.5 vs 16.5, P<0.001), validation of position and plan (20 vs 61, P<0.001) and initiation of radiotherapy (28 vs 36, P=0.005). During the waiting period of radiotherapy, 32.4% of the NPC patients received an additional one cycle of chemotherapy to the original treatment strategy. Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 caused delay in the diagnosis and treatment of NPC patients to a certain extent. Additional chemotherapy could be considered to counteract the effect of treatment delay. More specific measures should be taken to balance the risk of delayed diagnosis and treatment of NPC and infection of COVID-19.
Investigation of collectivity in small collision systems Studium kolektivních jevů v malých srážkových systémech

The research project is focused on investigation of collective behaviour, i.e. long-range correlations in small collision systems. Several macros for anisotropic flow computation with use of the method of multiparticle cumulants according to so-called Generic Framework were developed for this purpose. Analysis was done for pp collisions generated in PYTHIA program in default setting and in setting with shoving mechanism enabled. The results of two-particle and four-particle cumulants for ATLAS and ALICE acceptances and different configurations of subevent method are showed and discussed in the last chapter. The acceptance of detector and configurations turned out to be very important factors affecting results. Results obtained from shoving dataset do not indicate clear signs of collectivity (e.g. negative value of c2{4}), but results still need further investigation.
The printed media's impact on fund ows by class

This study investigates how tone of daily print media a ects the aggregate ows to and from di erent classes of mutual funds (government bonds, corporate bonds, stocks, and money market instruments). Using a proprietary data set, we nd that tone of print media has a signi cant positive (negative) impact on the mean returns of net ows (conditional variances), except for the safer money market instrument funds that appear as a mirror image to other, riskier fund classes. These e ects are primarily driven by out ows from these funds caused by extremely negative tone especially in non-business newspapers. Using daily fund ows allows us to observe ' ight to liquidity', as money ows from high-risk funds such as corporate bonds and stocks to safer funds, such as money market instruments when tone is negative. We are also able to observe 'risk taking' and 'risk attenuation' as money ows between high-risk funds and moderate risk funds, such as government bonds, partially in response to changes in media tone.
Supplementary material to "Extension of the AIOMFAC model by iodine and carbonate species: applications for aerosol acidity and cloud droplet activation"

Abstract. Iodine and carbonate species are important components in marine and dust aerosols, respectively. The non-ideal interactions between these species and other inorganic and organic compounds within aqueous particle phases affect hygroscopicity, acidity, and gas–particle partitioning of semi-volatile components. In this work, we present an extended version of the Aerosol Inorganic–Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients (AIOMFAC) model by incorporating the ions I−, IO3−, HCO3−, CO32−, OH−, and CO2(aq) as new species. First, AIOMFAC ion interaction parameters for aqueous solutions were determined based on available thermodynamic data, such as water activity, mean molal activity coefficients, solubility, and vapor–liquid equilibrium measurements. Second, the interaction parameters for the new ions and various organic functional groups were optimized based on experimental data or, where data are scarce, alternative estimation methods such as multiple linear regression or a simple substitution by analogy approach. Additional bulk water activity and electrodynamic balance measurements were carried out to augment the database for the AIOMFAC parameter fit. While not optimal, we show that the use of alternative parameter estimation methods enables physically sound predictions and offers the benefit of a more broadly applicable model. Our implementation of the aqueous carbonate/bicarbonate/CO2(aq) system accounts for the associated temperature-dependent dissociation equilibria explicitly and enables closed- or open-system computations with respect to carbon dioxide equilibration with the gas phase. We discuss different numerical approaches for solving the coupled equilibrium conditions and highlight critical considerations when extremely acidic or basic mixtures are encountered. The fitted AIOMFAC model performance for inorganic aqueous systems is considered excellent over the whole range of mixture compositions where reference data are available. Moreover, the model provides physically meaningful predictions of water activity under highly concentrated conditions. For organic–inorganic mixtures involving new species, the model–measurement agreement is found to be good in most cases, especially at equilibrium relative humidities above ~70 %; reasons for deviations are discussed. Several applications of the extended model are shown and discussed, including: the effects of ignoring the auto-dissociation of water in carbonate systems, the effects of mixing bisulfate and bicarbonate compounds in closed- or open-system scenarios on pH and solution speciation, and the prediction of critical cloud condensation nucleus activation of NaI or Na2CO3 particles mixed with suberic acid.
Prognostic Factors in Patients with Rhabdomyosarcoma Using Competing-Risks Analysis: A Study of Cases in the SEERDatabase

Department of Clinical Research, e First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710061, China School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China School of Public Health, Shannxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
Cognitive Flexibility as the Mediator between Unemployment Anxiety and Psychological Wellbeing among University Students with Disabilities

Background: Many previous studies confirm that anxious individuals usually express lower wellbeing. Additionally, being anxious usually undermines cognitive performance and prevents development of new ways of achieving desired levels of wellbeing, by reducing cognitive flexibility. This makes cognitive flexibility a possible mediator for the negative relationship between anxiety and wellbeing. Objectives: This study tests if cognitive flexibility serves as a mediator between anxiety and psychological wellbeing, with a special focus on the unemployment anxiety experienced by individuals with disabilities. Methods: Research assistants collected the data from 155 Saudi individuals with different disabilities (71 men and 84 women) between February and May 2019. The data was collected by questionnaires (Unemployment Anxiety Questionnaire, Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory), and analyzed in R. After checking for and obtaining valid factor structures, path analyses were conducted to obtain the results. Results: The applied path analyses have shown that cognitive flexibility serves as a partial mediator between unemployment anxiety and psychological wellbeing. Conclusion: Cognitive flexibility partially mediates the relationship between unemployment anxiety and wellbeing. However, the failure to replicate the factor structures of the applied questionnaires provides both valuable insight into potential cultural differences and highlights the need to replicate the study with the use of more culturally adapted and validated measures.
Understanding Perceptions of Sentience from Human- and Animal-Being Interactions Authors

This work sought to uncover the ways in which profound interactions with non-human species affect perception of various sentient life such as companion animals/pets, liminal animals/pests, and animals that are often dubbed “wild. ” Through an online community, there existed a creation of space where others can be educated about animal being sentience, encouraged to understand that other species are capable of emotional reasoning, and challenged to not only prevent the suffering of other species, but to proactively support a system where humans and wildlife can not only coexist but thrive. Through the use of a platform on which people can share images and text regarding their meaningful interactions with sentient wildlife, desires to educate members of the BC community about animal sentience and encourage them to pursue and deepen their connections through more of these interactions have been instilled. Through a unique combination of qualitative and quantitative data, key findings such as proximity and location, as rooted in principles of coexistence, help to illustrate perceptions of animal sentience in manners that affect each grouping--of our socially-constructed classification groups deployed including: companion animals/pets, liminal animals/pests, and animals often dubbed "wild"--differently.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Azoxymethane-induced Colon Cancerous Fischer Rats

Objective: to study the redox status of normal colon and aberrant crypts formed in azoxymethane induced colon cancerous fischer rats. Methods A total of 16 five-week-old male Fisher 344 rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing approximately 90–100 grams were housed individually in plastic cages with wood-chip bedding. The animals were acclimatized for 1 week and fed with an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G) diet ad libitum. Their protein oxidation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), and antioxidative enzymes in serum were detected. Results The levels of protein oxidation Sand lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P<0.01). However, the mean serum level of MDA and conjugated diene was lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.01). The activity of antioxidative enzymes was significantly decreased in the study group compared to control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Colorectal cancer is associated with oxidative stress, and assessment of oxidative stress and given antioxidants is important for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer.
Sensory Modality of Input Influences the Encoding of Motion Events in Speech But Not Co- Speech Gestures

Visual and auditory channels have different affordances and this is mirrored in what information is available for linguistic encoding. The visual channel has high spatial acuity, whereas the auditory channel has better temporal acuity. These differences may lead to different conceptualizations of events and affect multimodal language production. Previous studies of motion events typically present visual input to elicit speech and gesture. The present study compared events presented as audioonly, visual-only, or multimodal (visual+audio) input and assessed speech and co-speech gesture for path and manner of motion in Turkish. Speakers with audio-only input mentioned path more and manner less in verbal descriptions, compared to speakers who had visual input. There was no difference in the type or frequency of gestures across conditions, and gestures were dominated by path-only gestures. This suggests that input modality influences speakers’ encoding of path and manner of motion events in speech, but not in co-speech gestures.
Geometric rates of convergence for kernel-based sampling algorithms

The rate of convergence of weighted kernel herding (WKH) and sequential Bayesian quadrature (SBQ), two kernel-based sampling algorithms for estimating integrals with respect to some target probability measure, is investigated. Under verifiable conditions on the chosen kernel and target measure, we establish a near-geometric rate of convergence for target measures that are nearly atomic. Furthermore, we show these algorithms perform comparably to the theoretical best possible sampling algorithm under the maximum mean discrepancy. An analysis is also conducted in a distributed setting. Our theoretical developments are supported by empirical observations on simulated data as well as a real world application.