Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Staying Safe or Staying Popular? Popularity and Reputation Concerns Predict Adherence and Adjustment During the COVID-19 pandemic

Adherence to COVID-19 social distancing restrictions may be challenging for adolescents, especially those concerned about social status. This study examined self-perceived popularity and reputation concerns as predictors of adherence to health guidelines and the effects of self-perceived popularity on adjustment. Adolescents (n = 1,068, 14–18 years at Time 1, Mage = 16.86 years) completed three self-report surveys across 10 months during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consistent with hypotheses, greater self-perceived popularity and concerns about peer reputation predicted less adherence, controlling for COVID-19 threat. Further, greater self-perceived popularity predicted less internalizing symptoms at Time 3. Adolescents’ perceptions of their popularity may simultaneously act as a public health risk and provide social protection. Results emphasize the importance of acknowledging adolescents’ social pressures and concerns regarding reputations and popularity during COVID-19.
Biodegradable Magnesium Biomaterials—Road to the Clinic

In recent decades, we have witnessed radical changes in the use of permanent biomaterials. The intrinsic ability of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys to degrade without releasing toxic degradation products has led to a vast range of applications in the biomedical field, including cardiovascular stents, musculoskeletal, and orthopedic applications. With the use of biodegradable Mg biomaterials, patients would not suffer second surgery and surgical pain anymore. Be that as it may, the main drawbacks of these biomaterials are the high corrosion rate and unexpected degradation in physiological environments. Since biodegradable Mg-based implants are expected to show controllable degradation and match the requirements of specific applications, various techniques, such as designing a magnesium alloy and modifying the surface characteristics, are employed to tailor the degradation rate. In this paper, some fundamentals and particular aspects of magnesium degradation in physiological environments are summarized, and approaches to control the degradation behavior of Mg-based biomaterials are presented.
Degrees of peace: universities and embodied experiences of conflict in post-war Sri Lanka

Abstract This paper examines the impacts of conflicts on universities and considers the corresponding implications for their ability to contribute to post-war recovery. Pushing against the methodological individualism associated with notions of human capital loss, I concentrate on the interaction between conflict and the social constitution of universities. I argue that the ways in which universities as social groups embody experiences of conflict can powerfully influence how they operate and how they interact with post-war peacebuilding and development. To operationalise the framing of universities as social groups, I introduce the concept of a university substrate as a means of thinking through the evolving constitution of universities. Drawing on 31 semi-structured interviews with university actors in Jaffna and elsewhere in Sri Lanka, I explore the case of the University of Jaffna and how it has been shaped by conflict. I outline the moulding of its social constitution by waves of departure during the conflict and by the environment created by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, the main non-state actor in the war. This case study illustrates how the substrate lens can capture dynamics that are missed by human capital approaches and can help better explain the legacies of conflict for universities.
Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia during Pregnancy at Hodeida City, (Yemen) during the Year 2021

Background: Anemia in pregnancy (AIP) is a global public health problem reaching prevalence as 41.8% globally, and up to 54% in Middle East region. It accounts for 20% of global maternal deaths. In Yemen, prevalence of AIP is 40%. It consists part of high complicated maternal mortality ratio which reached 164 according last Yemeni demographic health survey reports. The study aimed to assess AIP prevalence and determinants at Hodeida city, Yemen. Methods: Cross sectional study conducted on 500 pregnant women who were selected from Hodeida health centers, their data collected through structured pretested questionnaire, Hb of study members had been assessed through hemoglobinometer. Data Analysis: Data statistically analyzed through SPSS program (version 22) using descriptive statistics, Chi square test for investigating the association between AIP and the independent factors. Results: The study revealed AIP prevalence as 55%. It revealed statistically significant determinants of AIP including husband education (P=0.000), mother education (P=0.10), mother concerned health knowledge (P=0.000), suffering from over menses(P=0.000), family socioeconomic level(P=0.000), food sufficiency(P=0.02), food diversity(P=0.087), supplementary feeding support(P=0.05), Khat chewing habit (P=0.094) and post meal tea drinking(P=0.043), while no significant association found for mother age (P=0.144) , parity(P=0.690), pregnancy trimester(P=0.414), breastfeeding(P=0.581) and using contraceptives(P=0.208). Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy at Hodeida city is a sever public health problem according WHO classification. Socio economic and nutritional factors are representing its roots. Key words: Anemia, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Determinants.
Taurine: A Maternally Derived Nutrient Linking Mother and Offspring

Mammals can obtain taurine from food and synthesize it from sulfur-containing amino acids. Mammalian fetuses and infants have little ability to synthesize taurine. Therefore, they are dependent on taurine given from mothers either via the placenta or via breast milk. Many lines of evidence demonstrate that maternally derived taurine is essential for offspring development, shaping various traits in adults. Various environmental factors, including maternal obesity, preeclampsia, and undernutrition, can affect the efficacy of taurine transfer via either the placenta or breast milk. Thus, maternally derived taurine during the perinatal period can influence the offspring’s development and even determine health and disease later in life. In this review, I will discuss the biological function of taurine during development and the regulatory mechanisms of taurine transport from mother to offspring. I also refer to the possible environmental factors affecting taurine functions in mother-offspring bonding during perinatal periods. The possible functions of taurine as a determinant of gut microbiota and in the context of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis will also be discussed.
Improved Method for Evaluating and Specifying the Chromaticity of Light Sources

ABSTRACT This article describes a method for calculating and specifying light source chromaticity using the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 2015 10° color matching functions (CMFs), which, according to analysis of existing psychophysical experiment data, can reduce visual mismatch compared to specifications based on the traditional CIE 1931 2° CMFs in architectural lighting applications. Specifically, this work evaluates, documents, and recommends for adoption by lighting standards organizations a supporting system of measures to be used with the CIE 2015 10° CMFs: a new uniform chromaticity scale (UCS) diagram with coordinates (s, t), a measure of correlated color temperature (CCTst), and a measure of distance from the Planckian locus (Dst). It also presents options for updating nominal classification quadrangles. A complete method of this nature has not yet been standardized, which may be contributing to the slow uptake of the CIE 2015 CMFs. The proposed tools are analogous to u, v, CCT, Duv, and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) C78.377 chromaticity specifications that are all currently defined in the CIE 1960 UCS diagram using the CIE 1931 2° CMFs. While conceptually equivalent, the differences between the current standard method and the proposed st system are important for reducing unintended visual mismatch in the chromaticity of light. The implications of changing chromaticity specification methods are identified by a comparison over a diverse set of real light source spectral power distributions.
Assessing the economy-wide impacts of strengthened bank capital requirements in Indonesia using a financial computable general equilibrium model

ABSTRACT After the 2008 global financial crisis, authorities across the globe stressed the importance of equity capital to absorb losses. While many countries have raised bank capital adequacy requirements (CARs), the comprehensive impact assessment of this policy for emerging economies remains largely unexplored. We use a financial computable general equilibrium (FCGE) model of Indonesia called AMELIA-F to investigate the economy-wide impact of a 100 basis points increase in the CAR of Indonesian banks. Bank balance sheets contract as they move away from holding riskier assets, aiding macroeconomic stability. However, both non-housing and housing investment contract as banks pass on higher funding costs, driving long-run real GDP below baseline. As we discuss, debt-to-equity ratios for these sectors, and the economy-wide private debt to income ratio all fall, thus aiding long-run macroeconomic stability.
3D Modeling of Individual Trees from LiDAR and Photogrammetric Point Clouds by Explicit Parametric Representations for Green Open Space (GOS) Management

The development and management of green open spaces are essential in overcoming environmental problems such as air pollution and urban warming. 3D modeling and biomass calculation are the example efforts in managing green open spaces. In this study, 3D modeling was carried out on point clouds data acquired by the UAV photogrammetry and UAV LiDAR methods. 3D modeling is done explicitly using the point clouds fitting method. This study uses three fitting methods: the spherical fitting method, the ellipsoid fitting method, and the spherical harmonics fitting method. The spherical harmonics fitting method provides the best results and produces an R2 value between 0.324 to 0.945. In this study, Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) calculations were also carried out from the modeling results using three methods with UAV LiDAR and Photogrammetry data. AGB calculation using UAV LiDAR data gives better results than using photogrammetric data. AGB calculation using UAV LiDAR data gives an accuracy of 78% of the field validation results. However, for visualization purposes with a not-too-wide area, a 3D model of photogrammetric data using the spherical harmonics method can be used.
Sustainability of Islamic Banking Human Resources Through the Formulation of an Islamic Accounting Curriculum for Higher Education: Indonesian Perspective

The growth of Islamic banks in Indonesia has not been followed by the availability of competence human resources that meet professional qualifications. Higher education institutions are the large provider of human resources to fulfill the needs of Islamic financial industry. The aim of this study is to formulate the accounting curriculum development in Higher Education Institution (HEI) to fulfill the needs of human resources in Indonesian Islamic banking. This study is descriptive qualitative using instrumental and pragmatic paradigm to illustrate the need of accounting profession in Islamic banks and accounting curriculum formulation for HEI. The curriculum design places more Islamic basic knowledge and Islamic accounting in addition to accounting knowledge standards. The analysis of this study is expected to be able to create a link and match between the education institutions and the Islamic financial industry so that the human resources produced by educational institutions can be optimally absorbed by the Islamic financial industry. The study focuses in the development of the accounting and auditing curriculum for Islamic banking in higher education institutions in Indonesia.
Field Quality of the 4.5-m-Long MQXFA Pre-Series Magnets for the HL-LHC Upgrade as Observed During Magnet Assembly

The U.S. High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP) is developing MQXFA magnets, a series of 4.5 m long 150 mm aperture high-field Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn quadrupole magnets for the HL-LHC upgrade at CERN. Five pre-series magnets, MQXFA03 through MQXFA07, have been developed. During the magnet assembly stage, we perform magnetic measurements on the coil-pack sub-assembly and magnets after loading to track the field quality for two purposes. First, it serves as a quality assurance tool to check if the magnet field quality is on track to meet the acceptance criteria. Magnetic measurements are used to understand if magnetic shims are needed to compensate low-order field errors and to meet the field quality targets. Second, the measurements during the assembly stage can also help understand the field quality, especially the geometric field errors, for Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn accelerator magnets. Here we summarize the measurement results of the pre-series MQXFA magnets, including the magnetic axis and twist angle. The results will provide useful feedback for the series production of Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn magnets and on the optimization of field quality of accelerator magnets based on the wind-and-react Nb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>Sn technology.
A study on the correlation between clinical features, spirometry and ABG in acute exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases

Background: Obstructive lung diseases are those characterized by limitation of expiration of air from lungs, which may occur due to narrowing of airways or damage to the lungs. They include COPD, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. These illnesses are punctuated by “exacerbations”, which are acute episodes of worsening of symptoms including cough, breathlessness and increased sputum production. The degree of airflow impairment may be assessed using bedside spirometry, especially the measures of expiratory function like forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the ratio FEV1/FVC. The impairment in gas exchange resulting from obstructive pathology can be assessed using arterial blood gas analysis (ABG). Our study aims to employ ABG and spirometry to assess the degree of impairment in 50 patients admitted with acute exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases in our tertiary care hospital in rural South India. The present study also aims to identify any correlation between clinical features and values of ABG and spirometry, to assess if FEV1 values can help predict requirement of ABG, if ABG values can predict onset of respiratory failure before overt symptoms appear, and to identify if change in pH levels with pCO2 can be used as a predictive marker for respiratory failure. Methods: We studied clinical features and ABG values and spirometry values on admission and on discharge in 50 patients admitted to Rajah Muthiah Medical college between September 2019 – October 2021. Results: An admission pH of less than 7.20, a pCO2 of more than 60 and a pO2 of less than 60 and FEV1 of less than 68% of normal are the major factors associated with respiratory failure. Conclusions: There is a correlation between FEV1 and pCO2 [p value 0.09] in determining severity of acute exacerbation of obstructive lung disease.Combining spirometric criteria with clinical criteria increases specificity and overall accuracy in predicting respiratory failure.
Explanatory or Dispositional Optimism: Which Trait Predicts Eco-Friendly Tourist Behavior?

Recently, researchers have been drawn to the literature surrounding positive psychology. The role of explanatory and dispositional optimism in eco-friendly tourism has been largely ignored by researchers, even though positive psychology, or optimism, has been studied in the sustainability domain. The purpose of this study is to determine which trait predicts eco-friendly tourist behavior. In the study, the data were collected online using Amazon Mechanical Turk from 400 respondents, and the model was assessed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings revealed that in terms of predicting eco-friendly tourism behavior, dispositional optimism outperformed explanatory optimism. Furthermore, this study found that environmental concern positively moderates the association between optimism (dispositional and explanatory) and eco-friendly tourism behavior. This study has wide-ranging implications for tourism managers, practitioners, and academics.
MiR-3571 modulates the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting claudin 1

Background and aims: The miRNA-based post-transcription modification has been extensively studied in hypertension. It however remains elusive how miRNA expression is regulated in this pathological process. We hypothesize that hydroxymethylation in the promoter regions tightly controls the levels of key miRNAs, which in turn affects the development of hypertension. Methods: The levels of hydroxymethylation in the promoter regions from thoracic aortic tissues were compared between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs), using hydroxymethylcytosine DNA immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP) sequencing. The altered hydroxymethylation level of miR-3571 was confirmed by glucosylation-coupled hydroxymethylation-sensitive qPCR. We further identified claudin 1(CLDN1) as a key target of miR-3571 via bioinformatic prediction (targetscan) and dual-luciferase activity assays. Finally, we analyzed the contribution of miR-3571/CLDN1 axis in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Results: The hydroxymethylation level of miR-3571 promoter region in thoracic aortic tissue from spontaneously hypertensive rats was lower than that from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Accordingly, the expression of miR-3571 was lower during hypertension, with up-regulated CLDN1 protein levels. More importantly, we found that miR3571 overexpression led to phenotypic changes of VSMCs, and inhibited the proliferation and migration of muscle cells via suppressing CLDN1 as well. Our findings further suggested that CLDN1 up-regulation increase the activity of ERK1/2 in VSMCs. Conclusions: Our study suggested that hydroxymethylation in the promoter regions controlled the level of miR-3571 and revealed the important roles of miR-3571 and CLDN1 in VSMCs during the development of hypertension. In addition, our results also indicated that miR-3571/CLDN1 axis regulated the functions of VSMCs via the ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our findings support miR-3571 as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of hypertension.
Invertibility and Input-to-State Stability of Switched Systems and Applications in Adaptive Control

This dissertation aims to study basic properties–invertibility and stability–of switched systems and their applications in control. We formulate the invertibility problem for switched linear systems, which concerns finding conditions on a switched system so that one can uniquely recover the switching signal and the input from an output and an initial state. In solving the invertibility problem, we introduce the concept of singular pairs and we provide a necessary and sufficient solution for invertibility of switched linear systems, which says that every subsystem should be invertible and there is no singular pair. We propose a switching inversion algorithm for switched systems to find inputs and switching signals that generates a given output starting at a given initial state. Another result of the dissertation addresses stability of switched nonlinear systems. Unlike switched linear systems where there always exists a constant switching gain among the Lyapunov functions of the subsystems, the existence of such constant gains is not guaranteed for switched nonlinear systems in general. We provide conditions on how slow the switching signals should be in order to guarantee input-to-state stability (or asymptotic stability) of a switched system if all the subsystems are input-to-state stable (or asymptotically stable, respectively), both when a constant switching gain exists and when it does not. The slowly switching conditions are characterized via switching profiles, dwell-time switching, and average dwell-time switching. As control applications of switched systems, we apply our stability results for switched systems to the problem of adaptively controlling uncertain nonlinear plants and linear time-varying plants. For uncertain nonlinear plants with bounded noise and disturbances, we show that using supervisory control, all the closed-loop signals can be kept bounded for arbitrary initial conditions when the controllers provide the
Relative clauses in child heritage speakers of Turkish in the United States

How does complex syntax develop in heritage language children? This study investigates child Turkish heritage speakers’ comprehension and production of relative clauses (RCs) in Turkish and in English. RCs vary on their syntactic functions (subject, object) and show asymmetric patterns of acquisition and processing, which have been explained by linear distance, structural distance and input factors. Thirty-two child Turkish HS (ages 6–15) and 48 monolingual Turkish children (ages 3–15) completed a picture-sentence matching (comprehension) task and a sentence repetition (production) task in Turkish. The Turkish HS were tested on the RC comprehension and production tasks in English as well. The results indicated that the child HS showed (i) better performance in English than in Turkish with increasing age, (ii) better comprehension than production of Turkish RCs, (iii) replacement of complex RCs with simple juxtaposition in Turkish, and (iv) a subject advantage in comprehension. We take these findings to suggest that Turkish RCs do not fully develop in child HS of Turkish in the U.S., although the strength of this explanation must be corroborated by a study of child and adult HS. Overall, the findings are most compatible with the structural distance account and other factors that may affect production.
Growth Trajectories during the First 6 Years in Survivors Born at Less Than 25 Weeks of Gestation Compared with Those between 25 and 29 Weeks

We aimed to determine the differences in the growth trajectories of the youngest gestational survivors (<25 weeks’ gestation) up to 6 years of age compared to those of older gestational ages. Preterm infants were divided into two groups: 22–24 weeks’ gestation (male (M) 16, female (F) 28) and 25–29 weeks’ gestation (M 84, F 59). Z-scores of body weight (BW), body length (BL), and body mass index (BMI) were derived from Japanese standards at 1, 1.5, 3, and 6 years of corrected age. Comparisons between the two groups by sex were made using the Wilcoxon test and linear regression analysis to examine the longitudinal and time-point associations of anthropometric z-scores, the presence of small for gestational age (SGA), and the two gestational groups. BW, BL, BMI, and z-scores were significantly lower in the 22–24 weeks group at almost all assessment points. However, there were no significant differences in BW, BL, BMI, and z-scores between the two female groups after 3 years. BMI z-scores were significantly associated with the youngest gestational age and the presence of SGA at all ages in males, but not in females. The youngest gestational age had a greater influence in males on the z-score of anthropometric parameters up to 6 years of age.