Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of the receptor protein‐tyrosine kinases Tyro‐3, Axl, and Mer in the developing rat central nervous system

Tyro‐3, Axl, and Mer are three related receptor protein‐tyrosine kinases (RPTKs) characterized by an extracellular domain exhibiting significant amino acid sequence similarity to neural cell adhesion molecules. The molecule Gas6 (for growth arrest‐specific gene‐6) has been shown to activate each of these receptors. Gas6 is expressed extensively in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting that interactions between Gas6 and its receptors are likely to have physiologically relevant functions. To identify and localize the relevant Gas6/RPTK pairs, we have characterized the developmental expression of Tyro‐3, Axl, and Mer in rat CNS using blotting and mRNA in situ hybridization analyses. Throughout development, Tyro‐3 was the most widely expressed of the three receptors in the CNS, with Axl and Mer detected in only a limited number of sites in the adult. Tyro‐3 expression was low in the embryo and increased markedly during early postnatal stages, with a time course paralleling that of synaptogenesis. Axl and Mer were expressed at low but relatively constant levels throughout development. In the cerebellum, all three receptors were found in Purkinje cells, and Tyro‐3 was also detected in both granule neurons and Bergmann glia. Insofar as Gas6 has been previously shown to also be expressed by Purkinje cells, it may be engaged in both autocrine and paracrine signaling. The three receptors were also detected in cerebellar white matter, primarily during myelination. In the cortex, Tyro‐3 was expressed at high levels during postnatal development and in the adult. Beginning at P6 in the hippocampus, Tyro‐3 was expressed at high levels in CA1 pyramidal neurons and at lower levels in CA3 and was not detected in dentate granule neurons. Axl and Mer were found in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and were absent from the pyramidal and dentate granule neurons. In that Gas6 is expressed throughout the pyramidal cell layer, it may activate these cells in both an autocrine and a paracrine manner. These studies provide initial clues for elucidating the cellular functions of the Axl subfamily members and suggest potential complex Gas6/RPTK as well as RPTK/RPTK signaling interactions in the mature and developing CNS. J. Comp. Neurol. 425:295–314, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From Heart Health Promotion to Chronic Disease Prevention: Contributions of the Canadian Heart Health Initiative

Background The Canadian Heart Health Initiative began in 1987 as an 18-year undertaking to address the epidemic of cardiovascular disease in Canada. There is growing recognition in Canada of the need for an integrated approach to prevention that addresses common risks for many chronic diseases. Context Research and intervention activities of the Canadian Heart Health Initiative have shifted toward chronic disease prevention and health promotion. This study explores the contributions of the Canadian Heart Health Initiative to document how single-disease strategies can evolve into integrated chronic disease prevention efforts. Methods Key informant interviews were conducted with project researchers and health system stakeholders from seven Canadian Heart Health Initiative provincial projects. A review of provincial health policy documents was also performed. Consequences Findings indicate that the Canadian Heart Health Initiative projects contributed to public health capacity development, including coalition and partnership building, and development of health knowledge and resource infrastructure. The Canadian Heart Health Initiative projects helped put chronic disease prevention issues onto local and provincial health agendas and provided community-based models to help develop public health policies. Interpretation Experience with the Canadian Heart Health Initiative shows the need for integrated health programs to build on existing infrastructure. Other requirements for integrated chronic disease prevention programs include shared goals, partnerships at various policy levels and in multiple sectors, ongoing information sharing, and funding that is flexible and long-term.
Expression of Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 in the subventricular zone and upper layers II–IV of the cerebral cortex

Little is known about how neurons in the different layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex are specified at the molecular level. Expression of two homologues of the Drosophila homeobox Cut gene, Cux‐1 and Cux‐2, is strikingly specific to the pyramidal neurons of the upper layers (II–IV) of the murine cortex, suggesting that they may define the molecular identity of these neurons. An antibody against Cux‐1 labels the nucleus of most of the postmitotic upper layer neurons but does not label parvoalbumin‐positive cortical interneurons that derive from the medial ganglionic eminence. Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 represent early markers of neuronal differentiation; both genes are expressed in postmitotic cortical neurons from embryonic stages to adulthood and in the proliferative regions of the developing cortex. In precursors cells, Cux‐1 immunoreactivity is weak and diffuse in the cytoplasm and nucleus of ventricular zone (VZ) cells, whereas it is nuclear in the majority of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive subventricular zone (SVZ) dividing cells, suggesting that Cux‐1 function is first activated in SVZ cells. Cux‐2 mRNA expression is also found in the embryonic SVZ, overlapping with BrdU‐positive dividing precursors, but it is not expressed in the VZ. A null mutation in Pax‐6 disrupts Cux‐2 expression in the SVZ and Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 expression in the postmigratory cortical neurons. Thus, these data support the existence of an intermediate neuronal precursor in the SVZ dedicated to the generation of upper layer neurons, marked specifically by Cux‐2. The patterns of expression of Cux genes suggest potential roles as determinants of the neuronal fate of the upper cortical layer neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:168–180, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can we parse without tagging

Syntactic parsing is a major area of NLP which has been widely studied with the help of many approaches. Usually, parsers take in input tagged texts, that is to say texts whose lexical units have been annotated with informations such as lemma, grammatical code, gender and number. In this paper, we present a parsing method that can work on untagged texts as well as on tagged ones. We then compare results obtained on specialized texts in their raw and tagged version in order to determine if tagging is absolutely necessary.
Hybrid Mesh Editing

Surface-based deformation and cage-based deformation are two popular shape editing paradigms. Surface-based methods are easy to use and produce high-quality results by preserving differential properties of the surface mesh, but are limited by their computational requirements. Cage-based methods produce results quickly but at the expense of usability and realism, and typically require manual construction of suitable cages. We introduce a hybrid approach that combines the two methods. The user can perform edits on an automatically-generated simplified version of an input shape using As-rigid-as-possible surface modeling, and the edit is propagated to the original shape by a precomputed space deformation based on Mean value coordinates. We analyze deformation quality and running time for a variety of cage sizes. High-quality results are obtained for meshes on the order of 100K vertices at interactive rates by using cages with 5% of the vertices of the original shape.
TMC310911, a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitor, Shows In Vitro an Improved Resistance Profile and Higher Genetic Barrier to Resistance Compared with Current Protease Inhibitors

ABSTRACT TMC310911 is a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) structurally closely related to darunavir (DRV) but with improved virological characteristics. TMC310911 has potent activity against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 (median 50% effective concentration [EC50], 14 nM) and a wide spectrum of recombinant HIV-1 clinical isolates, including multiple-PI-resistant strains with decreased susceptibility to currently approved PIs (fold change [FC] in EC50, >10). For a panel of 2,011 recombinant clinical isolates with decreased susceptibility to at least one of the currently approved PIs, the FC in TMC310911 EC50 was ≤4 for 82% of isolates and ≤10 for 96% of isolates. The FC in TMC310911 EC50 was ≤4 and ≤10 for 72% and 94% of isolates with decreased susceptibility to DRV, respectively. In vitro resistance selection (IVRS) experiments with WT virus and TMC310911 selected for mutations R41G or R41E, but selection of resistant virus required a longer time than IVRS performed with WT virus and DRV. IVRS performed with r13025, a multiple-PI-resistant recombinant clinical isolate, and TMC310911 selected for mutations L10F, I47V, and L90M (FC in TMC310911 EC50 = 16). IVRS performed with r13025 in the presence of DRV required less time and resulted in more PI resistance-associated mutations (V32I, I50V, G73S, L76V, and V82I; FC in DRV EC50 = 258). The activity against a comprehensive panel of PI-resistant mutants and the limited in vitro selection of resistant viruses under drug pressure suggest that TMC310911 represents a potential drug candidate for the management of HIV-1 infection for a broad range of patients, including those with multiple PI resistance.
Stochastic evaluation of oil resources forecast on the stage of geological exploration work

In evaluating the probable resources by the volumetric method the method of geological analogy, in which the calculation parameters predictive structure of the deposit-made counterpart is commonly used. However, in this ap-proach there are only point estimates, which are often not adequately taken into account the characteristics of the object of evaluation. In contrast, when stochastic (probabilistic) assessment calculation parameters are replaced by their distributions, and ended up with a histogram of expected resources structure, which in view of the economic risks can be used to further selection of the most promising areas of exploration. Most approaches to the stochastic evaluation of forecast resources based on a priori distribution of the estimation parameters, which are not fully, taken into account the peculiarities of a particular object of evaluation. This article examines the joint use of Monte Carlo methods and step by step multiple regression to predict the values of calculation parameters and stochastic estimation of ex- pected resources in the search phase of exploration work on the example of local uplifts of the Bashkir set in accor-dance with their individual characteristics. The basis for the forecast was compiled using the balance of deposits and the structural and morphological characteristics (absolute elevations, amplitude, area, and their derivatives) 40 oil-bearing structures, mostly based on spatial seismic 3D. Differential prediction model calculation parameters for the Upper-Tournaisian Visean terrigenous and car- bonate complexes for the oil and gas board and outer near age zones Kama-Kinel system deflections, as well as the distribution of errors allowed for their use are obtained. For the New Gully structure determined the most probable values of calculation parameters and a stochastic evaluation of probable resources category C3 is produced.
Effect of anesthesia depth on postoperative clinical outcome in patients with supratentorial tumor (DEPTH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Introduction Recent studies have shown that deep anaesthesia is associated with poor outcomes. However, no randomised controlled trials have been conducted to test the causality in patients undergoing brain tumour resection. Methods and analysis DEPTH is a multicenter, randomised, parallel-group, blind trial. The depth of general anaesthesia will be monitored using the bispectral index (BIS). Patients elected for supratentorial tumour resection will be randomly allocated to the deep or the light anaesthesia group in which the target BIS value is 35 or 50, respectively. BIS will be maintained at the target value for more than 90% of the total anaesthesia period. The primary outcome is the disability-free survival rate at postoperative 30 days and 1 year. The secondary outcomes are the mortality and morbidity within 30 days after surgery. Ethics approval and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medicine University. The reference number is KY2016-059-02. The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publication in scientific journals. Trial registration NCT03033693.
Analyzing visual scanpaths on the Web using the mean shift procedure and T-pattern detection: a bottom-up approach

Scanpaths are mainly analyzed in a top-down approach, with the use of a priori areas of interest (AOI). When comparing scanpaths, different approaches and techniques can be used. Some authors use the Levenshtein distance, combined with a clustering method so as to uncover patterns of visual exploration. More recently, the T-pattern technique has been used to analyze both the temporal and the spatial aspects of the scanpaths. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of an analysis of scanpaths based solely on a bottom-up approach, i.e., by defining the AOI based on visual data and then by analyzing them so as to discover scanpaths patterns. In order to do so, two techniques are combined: the mean shift procedure to detect AOI automatically, and the T-pattern techniques developed by Magnusson (2000). This study indicates that this approach is relevant and yields interesting results.
Adaptable Management Systems Implementation for the Governance: A Case Study of Cloud Computing

With the shift of computing paradigm from standalone, to parallel, to distributed, to grid, and now “Cloud Computing”, came new waves of issues, concerns, and challenges and a need to explore more innovative ways to govern software development activities. At present there is a lack of studies in the area of governance in cloud computing and its impact on the software development activities. This paper presents an adaptable management systems model formulated for this purpose as a result of a longitudinal case study in a large Australian IT program. The case study environment involved various agile and plan driven software development teams collaborated with each other using various lean strategies, to develop and deliver a consolidated software system in a hybrid cloud computing environment. This paper will contribute an empirical study towards literature of lean thinking, governance, and traceability models and practical guidelines for process engineers to implement governance.
Review of Research on Pathological Gambling

The literature including a number of review articles was examined for answers to the questions, have distinctive personality test profiles of pathological gamblers been identified, do pathological gamblers have control over their behavior, have studies of alcoholism and addiction increased understanding of compulsive gambling, and has psychotherapy or Gamblers Anonymous been successful for them? Much more information is needed to build on what research on these questions has yielded.
The University of Washington machine translation system for the IWSLT 2007 competition

This paper presents the University of Washington’s submission to the 2007 IWSLT benchmark evaluation. The UW system participated in two data tracks, Italian-to-English and Arabic-to-English. Our main focus was on incorporating out-of-domain data, which contributed to improvements for both language pairs in both the clean text and ASR output conditions. In addition, we compared supervised and semisupervised preprocessing schemes for the Arabic-to-English task and found that the semi-supervised scheme performs competitively with the supervised algorithm while using a fraction of the run-time.
The Ras Radiation Resistance Pathway 1

The critical pathways determining the resistance of tumor cells to ionizing radiation are poorly defined. Because the ras oncogene, a gene activated in many human cancers treated with radiotherapy, can induce increased radioresistance, we have asked which Ras effector pathways are significant in conferring a survival advantage to tumor cells. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 radiosensitized cells bearing mutant ras oncogenes, but the survival of cells with wild-type ras was not affected. Inhibition of the PI3K downstream target p70S6K by rapamycin, the Raf-MEK-MAPK pathway with PD98059, or the RasMEK kinase-p38 pathway with SB203580 had no effect on radiation survival in cells with oncogenic ras. Expression of active PI3K in cells with wild-type ras resulted in increased radiation resistance that could be inhibited by LY294002. These experiments have indicated the importance of PI3K in mediating enhanced radioresistance and have implicated PI3K as a potential target for specific radiosensitization of tumors.
Extending cell cycle synchrony and deconvolving population effects in budding yeast through an analysis of volume growth with a structured Leslie model

Budding yeast are a fundamental organism at the center of systems biology research. Understanding the physiology and kinetics of their growth and division is fundamental to the design of models of gene regulation and the interpretation of experimental measurements. We have developed a Leslie model with structured volume and age classes to understand population growth and cell cycle synchrony in budding yeast. The model exhibits broad agreement with a variety of experimental data. The model is easily annotated with volume milestones and cell cycle phases and at least three distinct goals are realizable: 1) One can investigate how any single cell property manifests itself at the population level. 2) One can deconvolve observed population averages into individual cell signals structured by volume and age. 3) One can investigate controllability of the population dynamics. We focus on the latter question. Our model was initially designed to answer the question: Can continuous volume filtration extend synchrony? To date, most general experimental methods can produce an initially synchronous population whose synchrony decays rapidly over three or four cell cycles. Our model predicts that continuous volume filtration can extend this maintenance of synchrony by an order of magnitude. Our data inform the development of simple fluidic devices to extend synchrony in continuous culture at all scales from nanophysiometers to bioreactors.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE FORMED BY LEISHMANIA MAJOR

Protozoan parasites of Leishmania spp. invade macrophages as promastigotes and differentiate into replicative amastigotes within parasitophorous vacuoles. Infection of inbred strains of mice with Leishmania major is a well-studied model of the mammalian immune response to Leishmania species, but the ultrastructure and biochemical properties of the parasitophorous vacuole occupied by this parasite have been best characterized for other species of Leishmania. We examined the parasitophorous vacuole occupied by L. major in lymph nodes of infected mice and in bone marrow–derived macrophages infected in vitro. At all time points after infection, single L. major amastigotes were wrapped tightly by host membrane, suggesting that amastigotes segregate into separate vacuoles during replication. This small, individual vacuole contrasts sharply with the large, communal vacuoles occupied by Leishmania amazonensis. An extensive survey of the literature revealed that the single vacuoles occupied by L. major are characteristic of those formed by Old World species of Leishmania, while New World species of Leishmania form large vacuoles occupied by many amastigotes.
LIQUIDITY AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT: AN INTRA-DAY ANALYSIS

A recent area of interest among both financial economists and market practitioners has been the measurement of liquidity and its impact on asset prices. Broadly speaking, liquidity is the ease with which a financial asset can be traded. Liquidity risk, on the other hand, can be defined in terms of the uncertainty associated with the measure of liquidity. Using the ILLIQ measure first proposed by Amihud (2002) as the basis, we provide empirical evidence in support of a more-refined version of this liquidity measure based on intra-day data. Our results strongly validate the notion that liquidity affects financial market performance, and, as a consequence, have implications for both portfolio construction and risk management. Our approach permits us to identify different liquidity regimes in financial markets by measuring the relation between aggregate market liquidity and the market’s pricing of liquidity risk. It hence has the potential to displace
Leak-free group signatures with immediate revocation

Group signatures are an interesting and appealing cryptographic construct with many promising potential applications. This work is motivated by attractive features of group signatures, particularly, their potential to serve as foundation for anonymous credential systems. We reexamine the entire notion of group signatures from a systems perspective and identify two new security requirements: leak-freedom and immediate-revocation, which are crucial for a large class of applications. We then present a new group signature scheme that achieves all identified properties. Our scheme is based on the so-called systems architecture approach. It is more efficient than the state-of-the-art and facilitates easy implementation. Moreover, it reflects the well-known separation-of-duty principle. Another benefit of our scheme is the obviated reliance on underlying anonymous communication channels, which are necessary in previous schemes.
A self-correcting projector

We describe a calibration and rendering technique for a projector that can render rectangular images under keystoned position. The projector utilizes a rigidly attached camera to form a stereo pair. We describe a very easy to use technique for calibration of the projector-camera pair using only black planar surfaces. We present an efficient rendering method to pre-warp images so that they appear correctly on the screen, and show experimental results.