Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The G‐box and H‐box in a 39 bp region of a French bean chalcone synthase promoter constitute a tissue‐specific regulatory element

Two adjacent motifs, the G-box and H-box, in the bean chalcone synthase (CHS) gene promoter are essential for floral and root-specific expression. To evaluate the cooperative role of these motifs as a tissue-specific regulatory element, a synthetic 39 bp DNA fragment containing the two motifs was prepared. Polymers of this fragment were linked to minimal CHS15 promoter, or cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, and fused to the β-d-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Measurements of GUS activity in transformed tobacco plants revealed that the 39 bp polymer confers upon both minimal promoters a high level of expression that follows the typical tissue-specific expression pattern. Mutations in either the G-box or H-box motifs abolished expression, emphasizing the essential role of each motif in transcriptional activation. These results define an exclusive and cooperative element in the CHS15 promoter which contains the information necessary to establish the typical CHS15 tissue-specific expression pattern. However, this element is present within the context of the native promoter, and it requires additional cis-elements to modulate the level and temporal expression established during plant development.
Herbaceous biomass–species diversity relationships in nutrient hotspots of a semi-arid African riparian ecosystem

The hump-back relationship between species diversity and productivity predicts highest species richness at intermediate levels of biomass, and low species numbers in least and most productive habitats. Sodic patches of semi-arid savannas are considered ‘nutrient hotspots’ by producing high-quality forage. The impact of biomass reduction (due to overgrazing) and accumulation (in the absence of herbivores) on herbaceous species richness and diversity is still unknown for these hotspots. We tested the relationship between biomass and herbaceous species richness/diversity in savanna sodic sites across varying biomass levels obtained through different herbivore exclosures. LOWESS and quadratic regression analyses revealed a unimodal species richness/ diversity–biomass relationship for biomass <2 500 kg ha−1. Species richness and diversity in the sodic zone peaked at 1 300 kg ha−1, followed by a steady decline. At biomass levels exceeding 2 500 kg ha−1, i.e. where herbivores have been excluded for 10 years, the decline in species richness and diversity stabilised. Despite many debates surrounding unimodal relationships and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, this study confirmed a peak in species richness and diversity at intermediate biomass levels in a herbivory-adapted ecosystem. Herbivores drive ecosystem heterogeneity and enhance herbaceous species richness and diversity by keeping biomass at intermediate levels (i.e. <2 500 kg ha−1 for this sodic site).
Abdominal Leaf Fat Separation As a Result of Evisceration of Broiler Carcasses

Abstract Separation of abdominal leaf fat (ALF) as a consequence of evisceration of broiler carcasses was studied in a series of three experiments. Effects of dietary energy, sex, age at slaughter, growth rate, day-old weight, and giblet weights on this separation were evaluated. As a result of evisceration, four separations were identified and quantitated. Fat pad as a percent of total ALF represented 58.7% in females and 60.4% in males, fat dissected from the gizzard represented 20.7% (females) and 19.6% (males), viscera 17.2% (females) and 16.8% (males), and heart 3.4% (females) and 3.2% (males) of the total ALF. No differences (P>.05) in location of ALF was found due to sex, although the females had more (P Dietary energy increase resulted in more (P Carcasses were divided into a low group, where ALF represented 4% of live weight. At 7 weeks, 35.0% of females and 20.8% of males were in the high group compared to 24.0% of females and 40.6% of males in the low group. At 8 weeks 53.2% of females and 23.9% of males were in the high group compared to 9.0% of females and 28.4% of males in the low group. Growth rate and day-old weights were not different (P>.05) for the two groups. Gizzard and heart weights did not substantially affect the location of ALF as a result of evisceration. Location of ALF as a consequence of evisceration were different (P
Selective Weed Control with Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)1

Abstract: Glyphosate-resistant spring wheat is being developed and may soon be available to growers. Field experiments were conducted to examine the effect of various rates and application timings of glyphosate on the tolerance of glyphosate-resistant spring wheat and the level of weed control attained with glyphosate in wheat. Glyphosate-resistant wheat exhibited excellent tolerance to glyphosate applied at the one- to two- or four- to five-leaf stages at rates up to 1,780 g ae/ha, representing a fourfold safety margin to the proposed field use rate. Glyphosate at 445 g/ha reduced shoot biomass of green foxtail, wild oat, redroot pigweed, and wild mustard > 95% in glyphosate-resistant wheat in all years, but wild buckwheat biomass was only reduced 67 to 75% at doses up to 890 g/ha. Glyphosate applied in-crop at 667 g/ha reduced quackgrass biomass by 97 to 99%. Comparison of glyphosate with other spring wheat herbicides indicated that glyphosate provided similar or better in-crop control of several weed species. Yield of weed-infested glyphosate-resistant spring wheat responded positively to glyphosate in all years. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. #3 SETVI; quackgrass, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski # AGRRE; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE; wild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus L. # POLCO; wild mustard, Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler # SINAR; wild oat, Avena fatua L. # AVEFA; spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Bobwhite’, ‘BW251’. Additional index words: Herbicide resistance, wheat tolerance, wheat yield.
Planning for water

8he Institute believes that the nation should be bold in making a new future for itself. It is essential that governments, industry, the professions, the community, and planners have a shared vision of policies for natural resources management and urban and regional development in the 21st Century. Within the context of a comprehensive National Policy on Creating Liveable Communities for Australia, PIA believes that water management is a critical and integrating component of a proposed National Cities and Regions Agreement to be negotiated by the three levels of government in Australia.
Enzymatic modification of vegetable protein: Mechanism, kinetics, and production of soluble and partially soluble protein in a batch reactor

Enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble soybean protein by a protease enzyme produced by Penicillium duponti K 1104, was investigated in a batch reactor. The reaction conditions were 30–55°C and pH 3.4–3.7. The mechanism of solubilization of the insoluble protein by the Penicillium duponti enzyme was deduced from a series of experiments. Kinetic models were developed that involved adsorption followed by peptic digestion of protein, inhibition of low‐molecular‐weight peptides, and enzyme deactivation. The uncoupled kinetic parameters were estimated using the Marquardt nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm. A bang–bang production of soluble and partially soluble protein is suggested for higher productivity. The essential amino acids pattern of the enzyme‐Hydrolyzed soy protein was comparable with the unhydrolyzed protein isolate. Aggregation of the soluble protein for an extended time was observable. The low‐molecular‐weight soluble protein was incorporated into noncarbonated beverages. The amount of protein that could be incorporated into a can of 355 ml noncarbonated beverage, without observable changes in the optical density and also aggregation of the protein, was 2.5 g soluble protein. Beverages with caramel color showed excessive decrease in optical density and precipitation. The kinetics and diffusion in a multipore immobilized‐enzyme recycle reactor will be considered in part II of this series.
Opleiding Informatica Visual classiﬁcation of e-discovery images with neural networks

We investigate whether transfer learning can be applied to images related to eDiscovery, using a deep convolutional network named inceptionV 3 , trained on a large dataset of general objects for classiﬁcation for the image net recognition challenge. We use transfer learning to retrain the model because we were not capable to conventionally train a neural network with the insufﬁcient amount of labeled data. Also, we use multiple augmentation techniques to enlarge our training dataset. We investigate which conﬁguration of techniques results in the best performing model and shows the most satisfactory results for classiﬁcation of eDiscovery images, keeping in mind the new target categories contrast signiﬁcantly from the original target classes. Nevertheless, we have obtained a top-1 accuracy of 75 . 3 %. Also, the top-5 error rate was 2 . 9 %. This allowed us to give a general advice on which techniques to use and whether or not transfer learning can be applied for recognition of categories very distinctive from the original tasks. We show the reader how we set up our models and show some examples of how we implemented them in our applications.
Microbiological, Chemical, Sensory, Color, and Textural Changes of Rainbow Trout Fillets Treated with Sodium Acetate, Sodium Lactate, Sodium Citrate, and Stored at 4°C

The influence of dipping rainbow trout fillets for 10 min in 2.5% solutions containing sodium acetate (NaA), sodium lactate (NaL), and sodium citrate (NaC) on microbiological, chemical, color, textural, and sensory analyses of fish fillets were assessed. According to the results of microbiological analyses, total mesophilic counts for rainbow trout fillets exceeded 7 log cfu/g, which is considered the maximum level of acceptability for freshwater and marine fish after 6 days for the control, and 9 days for NaA, NaL, and NaC treatment. The shelf life of the treated trout fillets was extended by 3 days. NaA, NaL, and NaC were efficient in preventing the proliferation of total mesophilic bacteria (TMC), psychrotrophic (PC), and coliform bacteria (CB) counts. The general order of antibacterial activity of different organic salts used was: NaA > NaL > NaC. Organic salts treatment did not affect lipid oxidation and textural qualities. NaA, NaL, and NaC treatment can be an alternative way to improve the shelf life of fish and fish products.
Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals

In Mediterranean regions, plant breeding programs are being conducted to select genotypes having high and stable yields. Screening techniques that are able to identify desirable genotypes based on the evaluation of physiological traits related to stress tolerance could be useful, particularly if they are rapid, simple and inexpensive. The objectives of this study were: i) to evaluate the validity of four laboratory screening tests to discriminate among bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars differing in adaptation to the Mediterranean climate; ii) to evaluate the repeatability of determinations performed on cultivars grown in different locations and years, and iii) to evaluate relationships among the tests and yield performance under stress. The tests were: cellular membrane stability after heat (CMS-HS) and drought stress (CMS-DS), tolerance to leaf water loss (LWL), and translocation capacity after the chemical desiccation (CD) of.
PARASITES and PREDATORS OF HELIOTHIS SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTU1DAE) IN COTTON IN THE NAMOI VALLEY, NEW SOUTH WALES

Four species of Diptera and 12 species of Hymenoptera were recorded as parasites and evidence was obtained that at least 19 species of insect, five species of spider and house mice were predators of Heliothis spp. A further 12 species of predaceous insect and three species of spider were also common in unsprayed cotton. Data are presented on consumption of Heliothis eggs and small larvae by various insects and spiders in petri dishes.
Review: Environmental exposure to mercury and its toxicopathologic implications for public health

Mercury is a toxic and hazardous metal that occurs naturally in the earth's crust. Natural phenomena such as erosion and volcanic eruptions, and anthropogenic activities like metal smelting and industrial production and use may lead to substantial contamination of the environment with mercury. Through consumption of mercury in food, the populations of many areas, particularly in the developing world, have been confronted with catastrophic outbreaks of mercury‐induced diseases and mortality. Countries such as Japan, Iraq, Ghana, the Seychelles, and the Faroe Islands have faced such epidemics, which have unraveled the insidious and debilitating nature of mercury poisoning. Its creeping neurotoxicity is highly devastating, particularly in the central and peripheral nervous systems of children. Central nervous system defects and erethism as well as arrythmias, cardiomyopathies, and kidney damage have been associated with mercury exposure. Necrotizing bronchitis and pneumonitis arising from inhalation of mercury vapor can result in respiratory failure. Mercury is also considered a potent immunostimulant and ‐suppressant, depending on exposure dose and individual susceptibility, producing a number of pathologic sequelae including lymphoproliferation, hypergammaglobulinemia, and total systemic hyper‐ and hyporeactivities. In this review we discuss the sources of mercury and the potential for human exposure; its biogeochemical cycling in the environment; its systemic, immunotoxic, genotoxic/carcinogenic, and teratogenic health effects; and the dietary influences on its toxicity; as well as the important considerations in risk assessment and management of mercury poisoning. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 18: 149–175, 2003.
Critique as Creativity: Towards Developing Computational Commentators on Creative Works

If beauty is in the eye of the beholder, then creativity can be sought in computational commentators on arts and artifacts across diverse form and media. While most research in computational creativity focuses on the generative nature of creativity, we address how in-terpretative aspects of creativity can be manifest by and implemented in computational agents as well.
Summaries Can Frame - But No Effect on Creativity

Framing, the accompanying information that sometimes comes provided with a work of art in order to explain the artist’s intention, the creation process or to present the artwork in a special light, has been theorized to improve the appearance of creativity of the generating act (Charnley, Pease, and Colton 2012). One type of highly regarded framing in the literary domain is the critique, an interpretative work which provides a functional, thematic and/or symptomatic condensation of the essence of the primary text, basically, a summary. The present paper empirically tests whether computationally generated narratives can, too, be framed through functional summaries, and whether this framing indeed contributes to the system’s perceived creativity. To do so, it employs the functional unit (FU) summary approach conceived—but never fully implemented—by Lehnert (1981), in order to summarize a story generated by a storytelling algorithm. It compares the performance of FU summary with other approaches, and based on this data evaluates whether better summaries can also serve as better framings, as well as whether better framings increase a system’s perceived creativity. Our results indicate that (1) FU based summary performs around human level, (2) better summaries are indeed judged to be better framings, but that (3) neither of these two factors have a significant effect on perceived creativity. Based on this we conclude that further scrutiny and empirical study is required to understand how framing can be harnessed for computa-
The Dominance Degree-Based Heterogeneous Linguistic Decision-Making Technique for Sustainable 3PRLP Selection

This study develops a novel dominance degree-based heterogeneous linguistic decision-making technique for identifying the most sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers (3PRLPs) under complex input environments. First, qualitative and uncertain inputs that arise from real-world 3PRLP evaluation process are successfully managed by using linguistic terms, hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms, and probabilistic linguistic term sets with different granularities. Then, the dominance degrees of each 3PRLP related to the other 3PRLPs are calculated based on a new ratio index-based probabilistic linguistic ranking method and the dominance matrix is constructed. Furthermore, to represent the closeness of each 3PRLP to the ideal solution, we propose a sort of measures including the dominance-based group utility measure, the dominance-based individual regret measure, and the dominance-based compromise measure. Accordingly, the selection results of 3PRLPs are obtained according to these measures. Finally, the developed method is applied to a case study from car manufacture industry, and the comparison analysis shows that the proposed method is reliable and stable for dealing with the problem of the 3PRLP selection. The main advantage of the developed method is that it cannot only well avoid the potential loss risks but also balance group utility scores and individual regret scores.
Biomonitoring of trace metal availabilities in the Thames estuary using a suite of littoral biomonitors

This study employed a suite of three biomonitors to investigate trace metal pollution in the Thames estuary, a region of significant clean-up of contaminants and the cumulative return of fauna and flora over the last two decades. The biomonitors chosen are the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus (bladder wrack), the barnacle Balanus improvisus and the talitrid amphipod crustacean Orchestia gammarellus, in order to obtain data on the bioavailabilities of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, Ag and Mn in the Thames estuary in 2001, as a basis for future comparisons as pollution is further reduced in the Thames. Accumulated metal concentrations in these organisms represent integrated records of the total bioavailabilities of the metals to that organism at that location over a previous time period, and comparisons of accumulated concentrations in a biomonitor between sites are indeed comparisons of the recent contaminant bioavailabilities to that biomonitor. All three biomonitors showed geographical differences in trace metal bioavailabilities along the Thames estuary. There was general agreement in the conclusions to be drawn from each of the three species used. Raised bioavailabilities of zinc, cadmium, lead, iron and manganese are present, particularly in the middle region of the Thames investigated, downstream of the effluent discharges of the sewage works at Beckton and Crossness.
On the phylogeny of the Phyllodocidae (Polychaeta Annelida): an alternative

The phylogeny of the Phyllodocidae (Polychaeta Annelida) is examined in an analysis which includes previously unnoticed characters of the nervous system. Concentrating on four problems of importance in understanding the phylogeny of the family, a study of the nervous system demonstrated that: 1. A median antenna, such as that present in species of Eulalia, is not homologous to the nuchal papilla of, for example, Eteone and Phyllodoce; 2. Nuchal organs, presumably found in all phyllodocids, are basically homologous, but four separate types may be recognized; 3. The anterior concentration of the first segments (particularly their tentacular cirri), which is evident in most phyllodocids, is accompanied by different alterations of the ventral nervous system. The polarities of these changes are not self-evident; 4. A study of the ventral nervous system of Eteone reveals that the first apparent segment, bearing two pairs of tentacular cirri, must be regarded as homologous to the second segment of all other phyllodocids. Furthermore, this genus descended from forms in which a segment was present anterior to the first apparent segment, the first two segments possibly bearing tightly packed tentacular cirri. In connection with other characters, this information was used to produce a cladogram, which has some surprising features. The most unexpected result is the prediction that Eteone is the sister group of a taxon containing the genera Paranaitis, Chaetoparia, and Phyllodoce. The results are discussed and compared to those of other investigators.
Elevated CO2 lessens predation of Chrysopa sinica on Aphis gossypii

Most studies on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on organisms have focused on the performance of plants or herbivores. Few reports have examined the impact on the ability of predators at the third trophic level. In this experiment, we made use of open‐top chambers to quantify the effects of elevated CO2 on growth, development, and predatory ability of two successive generations of Chinese lacewing, Chrysopa sinica (Tjeder) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), feeding on cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which were reared on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), grown under elevated CO2 (double ambient vs. ambient). Higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations reduced the duration of larval development and the survival rate of pupae, and caused decreased weight in adult female C. sinica, but had no significant effects on survival rate of each larval stage, female adult fecundity, egg hatch rate, or adult life span. The predatory ability of larvae in the third instar and the total larval stage of C. sinica that fed on A. gossypii were significantly lower in elevated CO2 environments. The number of aphids consumed by first‐generation lacewing population did not change significantly with different CO2 treatments; however, significantly fewer aphids were consumed by the second generation of the lacewing population with elevated CO2. We speculate that A. gossypii may become a more serious pest under an environment with elevated CO2 concentrations because of the reduced predatory ability of C. sinica on A. gossypii.
Clinal variation in the shell morphology of intertidal snail Acanthina monodon in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

Abstract In this study we determine clinal variation of Acanthina monodon shell morphology along the southeastern Pacific coast. Our goals were to describe the clinal variation between biogeographical areas, and between localities along the latitudinal gradient between 30° and 54°S. Specimens were collected from 12 localities throughout the entire geographical distribution range of the species. Geometric morphometric analyses were used to evaluate the morphological variation of A. monodon along the Chilean coast. Relative warps and centroid size scores were used to compare the shape and size and their morphological variation and similarity was evaluated through multivariate analyses between all populations. The first two relative warps explained 78% variance. Size and shape scores decreased southward showing high biogeographical and latitudinal variation, principally due to both the thickness of the lip and the spire length. Multivariate analyses showed two main morphotypes: northern populations with short spires, thick and smooth lips and robust shells; the other with longer spires, thinner ornamented lips and weak shells associated with southern populations. However, three southern populations showed a merging of characteristics from both morphotypes, which could correspond to an intermediate morphotype or a morphological transitional zone. The results suggest the existence of clinal variation along the southeastern Pacific coast showing two morphotypes to north and south of 41°S, with a feature merging zone that probably extends to 45°S, related to biogeographical areas proposed for the Chilean coast. We suggest that the morphotypes reported are the result of site-specific eco-phenotypes responding to local variation.