Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General relativistic radiation hydrodynamics of accretion flows - I. Bondi-Hoyle accretion

We present a new code for performing general-relativistic radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of accretion flows on to black holes. The radiation field is treated in the optically thick approximation, with the opacity contributed by the Thomson scattering and thermal bremsstrahlung. Our analysis concentrates on a detailed numerical investigation of hot (T∼ 1010 K) two-dimensional, Bondi–Hoyle accretion flows with various Mach numbers. The asymptotic velocity is in the range v∞∼ (0.08–0.18)c, while the initial rest-mass density is of the order of a few ρ∼ 10−12 g cm−3. We find significant differences with respect to purely hydrodynamical evolutions. In particular, once the system relaxes to a radiation-pressure-dominated regime, the accretion rates become about two orders of magnitude smaller than in the purely hydrodynamical case, remaining however super-Eddington as well as the luminosities. Furthermore, when increasing the Mach number of the inflowing gas, the accretion rates become smaller because of the smaller cross-section of the black hole, but the luminosities increase as a result of a stronger emission in the shocked regions. Overall, our approach provides the first self-consistent calculation of the Bondi–Hoyle luminosity, most of which is emitted within r∼ 100M from the black hole, with typical values L/LEdd≃ 1–7, and corresponding energy efficiencies . The possibility of computing luminosities self-consistently has also allowed us to compare with the bremsstrahlung luminosity often used in modelling the electromagnetic counterparts to supermassive black hole binaries, to find that in the optically thick regime these more crude estimates are about 20 times larger than our radiation-hydrodynamic results.
The relationship between energy, pollution, economic growth and corruption: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach

At the end of 2010, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region confronted the Arab Spring that caused political instability and heightened economic risks. In fact, it became necessary to correlate in further research the corruption with energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions. This study used time series data from 1996 â€“ 2012 in the MENA region with the main aim to contribute to empirical literature by using the PLS-SEM approach. Results from the PLS-SEM show evidence of economic growth causing CO2 emissions. Second, energy consumption is positively and significantly related to economic growth and also may increase CO2 emissions. Thirdly, this research supports the view that corruption moderates economic growth and worsens the environmental quality in the MENA region. Finally, the use of the PLS-SEM reduces complexity and allows a better understanding of these relationships.
In situ balloon‐borne measurements of HNO3 and HCl stratospheric vertical profiles influenced by polar stratospheric cloud formation during the 2005–2006 Arctic winter

[1] Within the context of the Envisat satellite validation, the Spectrometre InfraRouge par Absorption de Lasers Embarques (SPIRALE), balloon-borne infrared spectrometer was flown in the Arctic stratosphere (Kiruna, Sweden; 67.6°N, 21.6°E) in January 2006. In situ vertical profiles of O3, N2O, HNO3, and HCl were obtained between 13 and 27.3 km. The Stratospheric and Tropospheric Aerosols Counter (STAC) was mounted on board, allowing in situ characterization of the vertical particle distribution at six values of radius between 0.2 and 1.0 μm. Complex structures were observed in both HNO3 and HCl vertical profiles with very low values in the 20.5–22 km layer and simultaneously thin layers of clouds were observed below the HNO3 depleted layer. We used correlations of N2O:HNO3 and O3:HNO3 to characterize these layers and a model approach to investigate the processes involved. It appears that denitrification and renitrification processes have been captured that were linked to the formation of a polar stratospheric cloud. Several tests using different nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) nucleation rates in the model were performed to obtain the best agreement between microphysical and chemical results and measurements. Best results were obtained with a nucleation rate independent of temperature.
Countercyclical Capital Regulation in a Small Open Economy DSGE Model

We examine, conditional on structural shocks, the macroeconomic performance of different countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) rules in small open economy estimated medium scale DSGE. We find that rules based on the credit gap create a trade-off between the stabilization of fluctuations originating in the housing market and fluctuations caused by foreign demand shocks. The trade-off disappears if the regulator targets house prices instead. As a result, the optimal simple CCyB rule depends only on the house price but not the credit gap. Moreover, the optimal simple rule leads to significant welfare gains compared to the no CCyB case. JEL Classification: F41, G21, G28, E32, E44
Low-Cloud, Boundary Layer, and Sea Ice Interactions over the Southern Ocean during Winter

AbstractDuring austral winter, a sharp contrast in low-cloud fraction and boundary layer structure across the Antarctic sea ice edge is seen in ship-based measurements and in active satellite retrievals from Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), which provide an unprecedented view of polar clouds during winter. Sea ice inhibits heat and moisture transport from the ocean to the atmosphere, and, as a result, the boundary layer is cold, stable, and clear over sea ice and warm, moist, well mixed, and cloudy over open water. The mean low-cloud fraction observed by CALIPSO is roughly 0.7 over open water and 0.4–0.5 over sea ice, and the low-cloud layer is deeper over open water. Low-level winds in excess of 10 m s−1 are common over sea ice. Cold advection off of the sea ice pack causes enhanced low-cloud fraction over open water, and thus an enhanced longwave cloud radiative effect at the surface. Quantitative estimates of the surface longwave cloud radiative effect contr.
Informational Support And Online Information Seeking : Examining The Association Between Factors Contributing To Healthy Eating Behavior

This study explores the nature of the relationship between informational social support and components of online health information seeking and how this process influences college students’ healthy eating intentions. Results showed that social support was positively associated with online information seeking and more favorable impressions of nutrition/healthy diet information on the web. In addition, although social support was not associated with healthy eating intentions, all three information-seeking measures significantly predicted this outcome – even after controlling for numerous health-related factors. Additional mediation tests showed that social support had an indirect impact on healthy eating intentions through use as well as through a multi-step process involving perceptions of online resources. Overall, these results suggest that by raising health consciousness, informational support may trigger online health information seeking leading to healthier lifestyle intentions. 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemosynthetic bacteria found in bivalve species from mudvolcanoesoftheGulfofCadiz

Chemosynthetic bacteria found in bivalve species from mudvolcanoesoftheGulfofCadiz Clara F. Rodrigues, Gordon Webster, Marina R. Cunha, Sébastien Duperron & Andrew J. Weightman CESAM and Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMR 7138 (UPMC CNRS IRD MNHN), Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, Paris, France; and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
An Integrative Review: Translating the Experiences of Youth Psychiatry Patients to Improve Primary Healthcare Outcomes

The aim of this integrative review is to sensitize primary care nurse practitioners and physicians to the traumatic care experiences of youth psychiatry patients and provide recommendations for patient care using a trauma-informed approach. Two electronic, combined CINAHL and PsychInfo searches and a manual search of the references of included articles for the years 2000-2019 were completed. Using Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review method, data from 22 articles were synthesized. Traumatic care, although not widely recognized by primary care providers, was shown to result as a negative effect of admission policies, procedures, and safety measures enforced in youth psychiatry units. Traumatic care themes included coercive care, seclusion, loss of control, safety, and posttraumatic stress disorder after discharge. Trauma-informed care training was found to improve patient-provider relationships and reduce the adverse health outcomes associated with trauma exposure. Universal trauma screening is recommended in all care areas to identify traumatic experiences, enhance patient-provider relationships, and reduce adverse health outcomes associated with non-addressed traumas.
Developmental Cell Nanog-like-Mxtx 2-Nodal Pathway in Endoderm Forming

Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. SUMMARY In mammalian embryonic stem cells, the acquisition of pluripotency is dependent on Nanog, but the in vivo analysis of Nanog has been hampered by its requirement for early mouse development. In an effort to examine the role of Nanog in vivo, we identified a zebrafish Nanog ortholog and found that its knockdown impaired endoderm formation. Genome-wide transcription analysis revealed that nanog-like morphants fail to develop the extraembry-onic yolk syncytial layer (YSL), which produces Nodal, required for endoderm induction. We examined the genes that were regulated by Nanog-like and identified the homeobox gene mxtx2, which is both necessary and sufficient for YSL induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and genetic studies indicated that Nanog-like directly activates mxtx2, which, in turn, specifies the YSL lineage by directly activating YSL genes. Our study identifies a Nanog-like-Mxtx2-Nodal pathway and establishes a role for Nanog-like in regulating the formation of the extraembryonic tissue required for endoderm induction.
Present a Management Information System Deployment Model for Improving Food Security in Agricultural Sector of Khuzestan Province

Considering food security has always been one of the major goals of rural and agricultural development programs in Iran. Therefore, the present paper investigates the feasibility of introducing a management information system deployment model to improve food security in the agricultural sector of Khuzestan province. The research method was survey and field design. The research population was wheat farmers in Khuzestan province as 8500. The sample size was 400 using Cochran's formula. The sampling method was clustering method. Data analysis was performed using structural equations modeling and AMOS software. The results showed that the establishment of management information system had a significant effect on improving food security in the agricultural sector of Khuzestan province. Economic, technical and hardware requirements had the highest impact on MIS deployment to improve food security, respectively.
C -band disk-loaded-type accelerating structure for a high acceleration gradient and high-repetition-rate operation

A high-acceleration-gradient linear accelerator (LINAC) for an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) offers the advantages of a short accelerator length and low construction costs. In addition, the high pulse repetition rate of the LINAC, which can drive multiple x-ray beam lines, provides additional user opportunities for experiments involving XFEL. A $C$-band disk-loaded-type accelerating structure was developed to achieve a high acceleration gradient of $g50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$ and an rf-pulse repetition rate of 120 pps, which is twice as high as that of the XFEL facility, SACLA (60 pps). The structure has a quasiconstant gradient and a traveling wave type with an accelerating mode of $\mathrm{TM}01\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\pi}/3$. To reduce the surface electric fields, we employed a cross section with an ellipsoidal curvature around an iris aperture. The accelerating structure was manufactured for SACLA. High-power rf conditioning was conducted to investigate its performance. Owing to the conditioning, the acceleration gradient reached a value of more than $50.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$. The structure was operated without any serious issues at a repetition rate of 120 pps. The accelerating structures were installed in the dedicated accelerator for EUV-FEL at SACLA beam line-1. Finally, we obtained accelerated electron beams with the structures operated at an acceleration gradient of $41.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE

Our study aims to determine the causality relationship between economic growth and income inequality. Using panel data set of 26 provinces from Indonesia for a period of 2005 to 2015, Pedroni's co-integration test, Panel Vector Error Correction Model, and Granger Causality Test were employed to analyze the relationship between the variables. Accordingly, the first main finding of the research is that there is a negative and significant relationship between the economic growth and income inequality in the long-run. Secondly, in the short run, the economic growth is positively and insignificantly related to income inequality. In addition, there is a unidirectional causality running from income inequality to economic growth.
A Strong Jet Signature in the Late-time Light Curve of GW170817

We present new 0.6–10 GHz observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 covering the period up to 300 days post-merger, taken with the upgraded Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the MeerKAT telescope. We use these data to precisely characterize the decay phase of the late-time radio light curve. We find that the temporal decay is consistent with a power-law slope of t−2.2, and that the transition between the power-law rise and decay is relatively sharp. Such a slope cannot be produced by a quasi-isotropic (cocoon-dominated) outflow, but is instead the classic signature of a relativistic jet. This provides strong observational evidence that GW170817 produced a successful jet, and directly demonstrates the link between binary neutron star mergers and short-hard gamma-ray bursts. Using simple analytical arguments, we derive constraints on the geometry and the jet opening angle of GW170817. These results are consistent with those from our companion very long baseline interferometry paper, reporting superluminal motion in GW170817.
Deviations in real exchange rate levels in the OECD countries and their structural determinants

We study the validity of an augmented Balassa-Samuelson theory in a panel of real exchange rate levels across 17 OECD countries between 1970 and 2012 using a unique panel of levels of total factor productivity (TFP) across sectors. We find that real exchange rates can be explained by relative sectoral TFP levels both across countries and over time in the direction predicted by Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis. We also show that drivers of labour wedges such as structural labour market differences are important in explaining real exchange rate levels. Nevertheless, large average conditional deviations in real exchange rate levels remain across countries in our sample.
Original Article: Timeliness of Reporting in the Community-based Disease Surveillance and Notification System in Anambra State, Nigeria

Background: Community-based disease surveillance systems (CBSS) help the passive health facility-based systems in providing timely information on the health situations in communities. Objective: To determine the timeliness of reporting in the CBSS in Anambra State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A cross sectional descriptive mix method study of the CBSS in Anambra State was done. Quantitative data were obtained using questionnaires, interviewer- administered on 360 community focal points, selected by multistage sampling technique and were analysed with SPSS version 20. Associations were tested using Chi square, Fisher’s exact and t tests as appropriate at p<0.05. Key informant interviews (KII) were conducted among some officers involved in Disease Surveillance and Notification (DSN), selected using convenience sampling technique and data were transcribed verbatim, thematic content analysis done with key quotes noted. Results: The timeliness of reporting was 82.9%. There were associations between timeliness of reporting and person the detected disease was notified to, means through which the detected disease was notified and availability of supervisors for focal points (p ≤ 0.05). Notification of diseases through means other than phone calls / SMS were 2.5 times more likely to be more timely, while focal points who had supervisors were 4 times more likely to notify diseases more timely. The KII findings, showed that the commonest reason for sub-optimal functioning of the CBSS was lack of funds. Conclusions: This study revealed high level of timeliness of reporting of notifiable diseases, and sub-optimal functioning of the CBSS. There is need for improvement in the means of case notification, training cum supervision of the focal points and funding m the CBSS in the State.
Common Core State Standards on Twitter: Public Sentiment and Opinion Leaders

The purpose of this study is to examine the public opinion on the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) on Twitter. Using Twitter Application Program Interface (API), we collected the tweets containing the hashtags #CommonCore and #CCSS for 12 months from 2014 to 2015. A Common Core corpus was created by compiling all the collected 660,051 tweets. The results of sentiment analysis suggest Twitter users expressed overwhelmingly negative sentiment toward the CCSS in all 50 states. Five topic clusters were detected by cluster analysis of the hashtag co-occurrence network. We also found that most of the opinion leaders were those who expressed negative sentiment toward the CCSS on Twitter. This study for the first time demonstrates how text mining techniques can be applied to education policy research, laying the foundation for real-time analytics of public opinion on education policies, thereby informing policymaking and implementation.
Constraining the core-rotation rate in red-giant stars from Kepler space photometry

Rotation plays a key role in stellar structure and its evolution. Through transport processes which induce rotational mixing of chemical species and the redistribution of angular momentum, internal stellar rotation influences the evolutionary tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. In turn, evolution influences the rotational properties. Therefore, information on the rotational properties of the deep interior would help to better understand the stellar evolution. However, as the internal rotational profile cannot be measured directly, it remains a major unknown leaving this important aspect of models unconstrained. We can test for nonrigid rotation inside the stars with asteroseismology. Through the effect of rotational splitting of non-radial oscillation modes, we investigate the internal rotation profile indirectly. Red giants have very slow rotation rates leading to a rotational splitting on the level of a few tenth of a μHz. Only from more than 1.5 years of consecutive data from the NASA Kepler space telescope, these tiny variations could be resolved. A qualitative comparison to theoretical models allowed constraining the core-to-surface rotation rate for some of these evolved stars. In this paper, we report on the first results of a large sample study of splitting of individual dipole modes.
The Impact of Economic Centres on City Level Growth in China - A panel data analysis of urban economic growth

China’s space economy is highly fragmented with a few mega cities and a large periphery with less advantageous cities lagging behind. While this have been the explicit approach of China’s policymakers to achieve rapid growth, less developed cities have been challenged as the suppliers in the process. The purpose of this paper is with the use of a production function examine the spatial spill overs from growth centres on cities in China. Controlling for known factors, the exogenous factor of economic centres promote the growth of cities, and this effect is conditional on development.
Energy Uncertainty Analysis of Electric Buses

Uncertainty in operation factors, such as the weather and driving behavior, makes it difficult to accurately predict the energy consumption of electric buses. As the consumption varies, the dimensioning of the battery capacity and charging systems is challenging and requires a dedicated decision-making process. To investigate the impact of uncertainty, six electric buses were measured in three routes with an Internet of Things (IoT) system from February 2016 to December 2017 in southern Finland in real operation conditions. The measurement results were thoroughly analyzed and the operation factors that caused variation in the energy consumption and internal resistance of the battery were studied in detail. The average energy consumption was 0.78 kWh/km and the consumption varied by more than 1 kWh/km between trips. Furthermore, consumption was 15% lower on a suburban route than on city routes. The energy consumption was mostly influenced by the ambient temperature, driving behavior, and route characteristics. The internal resistance varied mainly as a result of changes in the battery temperature and charging current. The energy consumption was predicted with above 75% accuracy with a linear model. The operation factors were correlated and a novel second-order normalization method was introduced to improve the interpretation of the results. The presented models and analyses can be integrated to powertrain and charging system design, as well as schedule planning.
THE ROLE OF E2/P RATIO IN THE ETIOLOGY OF FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE, MASTALGIA AND MASTODYNIA

SUMMARY – The aim of the study was to assess the role of the estradiol and progesterone relationship during the late luteal phase and the occurrence of fibrocystic breast disease (FBD). The concentration of estradiol/progesterone was measured in the group of women with FBD as study group (n=50) and control group of women without FBD (n=40). All women had regular ovulation cycles. Blood samples for estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and prolactin determination were obtained in the morning at 8 am on days 21 and 24 of menstrual cycle. Significant mastalgia and mastodynia history in women with FBD was obtained with yes or no questionnaire. FBD diagnosis was confirmed with ultrasound (size and number of simple cysts). In the control group, a reduced E2/P ratio was noticed from day 21 to day 24 of the cycle (from 14.8±11.5 pg/mL to 9.1±6.1 pg/mL; p<0.05), which was not recorded in the group of women with FBD (study group). Even the slightest disturbance of the E2/P ratio may contribute to the occurrence of FBD with clinical manifestations of mastalgia and mastodynia.