Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fish communities in the surf zone of a protected Sandy beach at Doigahama, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan

Abstract Fish communities comprising postlarval to early adult stages were studied in the surf zone of a protected sandy beach, with runnels and a low tide terrace, at Doigahama, Yamaguchi Prefecture, western Japan. One elasmobranch and 100 teleost species, represented by a total of 17 608 individuals (1·85–785 mm in TL), were collected by fine and coarse meshed beach seines from May 1994 to April 1999. Species richness, abundance and biomass were greater during the evenings as well as in the warmer seasons (May to October). Larval and smaller juvenile ichthyofauna (collected mainly by fine-mesh seine) was relatively poor compared to larger juvenile ichthyofauna (coarse-mesh seine). Tidal effect was observed in the fine-mesh seine samples, whereas no tide-related trends were evident in the coarse-mesh seine samples. Effects of time of the day and tide on the species diversities were not so evident in both seines. Dominant species were classified according to the developmental stages occurring in the surf zone, as follows: Type-I: Postlarval (transformation) stage ( Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis , Sardinops melanostictus , Enneapterygius etheostomus , Tripterygion bapturum , Luciogobius sp.). Type-II: Juvenile stage ( Lateolabrax latus , Trachurus japonicus , Gerres oyena , Acanthopagrus schlegeli , Sparus sarba , Girella punctata , Mugil cephalus cephalus , Paralichthys olivaceus , Tarphops oligolepis , Heteromycteris japonica ). Type-III: Postlarval and juvenile stages ( Spratelloides gracilis , Engraulis japonicus , Gobiidae sp.1). Type-IV: Juvenile and early adult stages ( Sillago japonica , Paraplagusia japonica ). Type V: Postlarval to early adult stages ( Takifugu niphobles ). It is considered that the surf zone at Doigahama functions as a nursery area, particularly as a feeding place for larger juveniles than as a shelter for larvae and smaller juveniles.
Effects of Nd2O3 Nanoparticles on the Structural Characteristics and Dielectric Properties of PVA Polymeric Films

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Neodymium (III) oxide (Nd2O3) were combined to synthesized flexible innovative PVA/Nd2O3 polymer composite samples utilizing a solution casting approach for use in dielectric devices. The XRD, FTIR, and SEM methods are all investigated to characterize the composite films. In a frequency of 50 Hz to 5 MHz, the effects of additive Nd2O3 on the dielectric behavior of PVA were recorded. The PVA/Nd2O3 composite films were successfully fabricated, as shown by XRD and infrared spectroscopy. The scanning microscopy pictures showed that the Nd2O3 was loaded and distributed uniformly throughout the PVA. After the incorporation of Nd2O3, the composite PVA/Nd2O3 has a conductivity of 6.82 × 10−9 S·cm−1, while the PVA has a conductivity of 0.82 × 10−9 S·cm−1. Another improvement is the decrease in the relaxation time from 14.2 × 10−5 s for PVA to 6.35 × 10−5 s for PVA/Nd2O3, and an increase in the dielectric constant of 0.237 for PVA to 0.484 at a frequency of 100 Hz. The results showed that the composite samples have considerable changes as flexible films in different applications, including batteries and electronic circuits.
Legitimacy and Respectability on the Skin: Bruises, Women’s Rugby and Situational Meaning

Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork, this article explores amateur rugby women’s reflexive negotiation of the bruises they earn as a result of the physicality of the game. On one hand, participants take pride in body marks that confirm their athletic strength and rugby identity and which grants them respect and belonging. On the other hand, these body marks can be anchors of stigma, signalling women’s rugby bodies as ‘deviant’ to non-initiated audiences. The article unpacks this tension between bruises as empowering or disempowering artefacts by demonstrating the situational and interactional nature of gendered dispositions and expectations. I show that the moral and symbolic order of entrenched gendered expectations is perpetuated in the flesh, but that it must be understood as being produced and reproduced in situ through intercorporeal processes. Through the analysis of bruises, I argue that to study bodies is to study (social) space.
On the relationship between dynamics of the polar thermosphere and morphology of the aurora - Global-scale observations from Dynamics Explorers 1 and 2

Simultaneous measurements of global-scale auroral luminosity distributions and neutral winds over the northern (winter) polar cap have been obtained using instrumentation on the Dynamics Explorers 1 and 2 spacecraft. Several examples of these simultaneous measurements are presented to illustrate the relationship between the circulation of neutral air in the high-latitude F region and the spatial distribution of the aurora. The auroral images are obtained using the Spin-Scan Auroral Imager on the high-altitude spacecraft (DE 1), and the neutral wind vectors are obtained along the orbit of the low-altitude spacecraft (DE 2), using the Fabry-Perot interferometer and the Wind and Temperature Spectrometer. These measurements make it possible to appreciate more fully the pattern of neutral winds when placed in the context of global auroral activity. Supplementary DE 2 measurements of neutral composition, ion densities, and the cross-track component of the ion drift enable the ion drag force on the neutral gas to be correlated with the aurora. Our initial study of these data indicates (1) that a definite correlation exists between boundaries in the neutral wind field and the location of the auroral oval, with large-scale features of the neutral circulation tracking the substorm-dependent expansion and contraction of the auroral oval, (2) that the influence of ion drag from sunward convecting ions can extend to latitudes much lower than those normally associated with the auroral oval, (3) that the sunward neutral flow associated with the auroral oval in the dusk sector is, in general, more pronounced than that associated with the dawn sector and that this asymmetry is ascribed to the different effect of the Coriolis force in the two sectors, (4) that the flow patterns for neutrals and ions within the geomagnetic polar cap are generally asymmetric with respect to the noon-midnight meridian, an effect considered to be controlled by the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field, (5) that the region of the polar cusp and the apparent “midday gap,” or reduction in luminosities observed in the VUV wavelength auroral images near local noon, is closely associated with a large, antisunward surge in the neutral wind, and (6) that the morphology of the ion drag force in the polar regions is considerably more complex, even for very quiet geomagnetic conditions, than that computed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermospheric general circulation model for the “steady state. ” This last result is considered to be a consequence of the short-term variability in the characteristics of high-latitude ion convection and, in particular, the motion of convection boundaries with respect to boundaries in the less responsive neutral circulation pattern.
Evaluation of MOD16 algorithm using MODIS and ground observational data in winter wheat field in North China Plain

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important factor for understanding hydrological processes and climate dynamics. Remote sensing is considered as the most promising tool for estimation of ET over a large spatial scale. The purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the MOD16 algorithm, developed by Nishida et al. (2003a , b) , in winter wheat fields by using MODIS land products, MOD11‐land surface temperature and MOD13‐standard normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as well as observations at the Yucheng Experimental Station, China in 2002. The original MOD16 is a dual‐source ET model in which the evaporation fraction (EF) for bare soil surface is estimated using the VI‐Ts diagram method, and EF for vegetation is determined by a function of canopy resistance, aerodynamic resistance and air temperature. We analysed a radiation budget sub‐model and found that the estimate for solar radiation is acceptable only on cloud‐free days. We also found that, in the original MOD16, seasonal variations of minimum canopy resistance and physiological temperatures are not considered, which results in overestimation of canopy resistance when leaf area index (LAI) is less than 2·5. Because the strong unstable thermal stratification over the dry bare soil surface is ignored in the original algorithm, wind speed is overestimated and aerodynamic resistance above the vegetation surface is underestimated. We then modified the original MOD16 algorithm. The result shows that both EF and ET for vegetation estimated with the modified algorithm are in consistent with both the observations of an eddy covariance system and the calculations using the Penman‐Monteith method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stigma and Related In�uencing Factors in Postoperative Oral Cancer Patients in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chuxia Tan CSU: Central South University Chenxi Zhong CSU: Central South University Ranran Mei CSU: Central State University Ronghong Yang CSU: Central South University Dangdang Wang CSU: Central South University Xianjiao Deng CSU: Central South University Shihao Chen CSU: Central South University Man Ye (  yeman82@csu.edu.cn ) the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-072X
What agricultural transition means for women in male-headed households in South Asia: an in-depth exploration of intrahousehold evaluation processes

Abstract Women’s participation in agriculture is increasing in the Eastern Gangetic Plains due to various external drivers, but they continue to play a limited role in agricultural decision-making. Yet there is limited understanding of the perspectives of spouses in male-headed households post-technology adoption. To understand post-technology adoption experiences of spouses, we conducted qualitative and semi-structured individual interviews with household heads and their spouses in 47 households. This approach aimed to understand their perception on recent adoption of conservation agriculture and its influence on their socio-economic status and roles in agricultural production. Both household heads and their spouses tended to prioritize technological benefits, status change, changing roles and responsibilities at the household level as important contributions/aspects of new conservation agriculture practices. However, upon deeper inspection, women had limited mechanistic understanding compared to men, and their use of free time was situation dependent with location-specific opportunities for women to upskill. Efforts to reduce the information gap and incorporate their technological preferences and needs into future promotional activities are necessary to improve women’s participation in decision-making. Similarly, opportunities to upskill can provide potential opportunities for women to realize their personal aspirations and have a positive influence on their household and community.
Syntheses of the regional stress fields of the Japanese islands

The principal stresses in northern Honshu and in central‐southwest Japan are synthesized on the basis of the ridge push, slab pull and across‐arc variation of differential forces due to crust/plate structural variation. Assuming a more compressive north–south horizontal stress in central Japan‐northern Honshu than that of southwest Japan, the calculated principal stress profiles explain the observed stress fields in these areas: namely, a strike–slip fault type for southwest‐central Japan and a reverse fault type for northern Honshu, both having east–west σHmax. Kyushu is characterized by the gradient of horizontal stresses both in the east–west and north–south directions, which cannot be explained by simple plate interactions or by crust/plate structural variation. Combined with other lines of evidence for existence of mantle upwelling in the East China Sea west of Kyushu, it is proposed that the stress gradient is produced by the viscous drag exerted by the flow spread laterally from the upwelling plume. The eastward movement of Kyushu and southwest Japan relative to Eurasia revealed by the recent Global Positioning System measurements conducted by the Geographical Survey Institute of Japan would be partly explained by this basal drag.
Aggregation and organic matter decomposition in soils amended with de-inking paper sludge

De-inking paper sludge (DPS) has been traditionally disposed of by burning or landfilling, but could be used as an organic amendment in agricultural soils. Their objective was to assess the impact of DPS incorporation on organic matter and aggregation of a clay loam (Typic Dystrochrept) and a silty clay loam (Typic Humaquept). Whole soil C, particulate ({gt}53 {micro}m) and light fraction (density {lt} 1.8 Mg m{sup {minus}3}) C, and water-stable aggregation were measured periodically during a 3-yr period after a single application of DPS at rates of 0 (control), 50, and 100 Mg ha{sup {minus}1}. Microscopic observations of water-stable aggregates were also performed. Adding DPS increased whole soil C content, which remained greater than in the control for the duration of the study. After 2 yr, about 40% of the initial material remained in the soil. The proportion of residual C attributed to DPS and present in the particulate fraction remained constant at 70 to 90% during the first 2 yr of the study, whereas the proportion of residual C present in the light fraction decreased from {gt}95% for fresh DPS to {lt}50% after 2 yr. One year after incorporation of DPS, the proportion of water-stable aggregates {gt}1 mm wasmore » 2 to 6 times larger in amended soils than in the control. This effect was still statistically significant after 3 yr. Microscopic observations revealed that DPS formed into clusters of wood fibers which became encrusted with mineral particles. The authors hypothesized that this encrustation provided physical protection to the decaying DPS which remained particulate in size and progressively densified to {gt}1.8 Mg m{sup {minus}3}. As a result, water-stable macroaggregates were formed with DPS as a central core. « less
Circulating miRNAs as Noninvasive Biomarkers for PDAC Diagnosis and Prognosis in Mexico

Among malignant neoplasms, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the highest fatality rates due to its late detection. Therefore, it is essential to discover a noninvasive, early, specific, and sensitive diagnostic method. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive biomarkers because they are accessible, highly specific, and sensitive. It is crucial to find miRNAs that could be used as possible biomarkers because PDAC is the eighth most common cause of cancer death in Mexico. With the help of microRNA microarrays, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were found in PDAC tissues. The presence of these DEmiRNAs in the plasma of Mexican patients with PDAC was determined using RT-qPCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic capacity of these DEmiRNAs. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GEO) were employed to verify our results. The Prisma V8 statistical analysis program was used. Four DEmiRNAs in plasma from PDAC patients and microarray tissues were found. Serum samples from patients with PDAC were used to validate their overexpression in GEO databases. We discovered a new panel of the two miRNAs miR-222-3p and miR-221-3p that could be used to diagnose PDAC, and when miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p were overexpressed, survival rates decreased. Therefore, miR-222-3p and miR-221-3p might be employed as noninvasive indicators for the diagnosis and survival of PDAC in Mexican patients.
Simulating Electron Distribution Function in the Pulsating Aurora Using Particle and Wave Data of ARASE Satellite

Decades lasting research on the pulsating aurora suggested that this phenomenon forms as result of interactions between the magnetospheric keVs electrons and whistler‐mode chorus waves. Arase satellite observation reported the direct evidence for this process confirming in situ measurement of highly correlated precipitated electrons and chorus wave activity. This paper presents the theoretical analysis of this observational event based on the SuperThermal Electron Transport (STET) code that simulates the highly dynamic environment of measured waves and particle data. Specifically, the STET code simulated results confirms the delicate loss‐cone observation results of this mission and further reveals the broader energy range of precipitated electron fluxes that was not measurable by Arase satellite.
Streamflow and water balance intercomparisons of four land surface models in the North American Land Data Assimilation System Project

[1] This paper is part of a series of papers about the multi-institutional North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) project. It compares and evaluates streamflow and water balance results from four different land surface models (LSMs) within the continental United States. These LSMs have been run for the retrospective period from 1 October 1996 to 30 September 1999 forced by atmospheric observations from the Eta Data Assimilation System (EDAS) analysis, measured precipitation, and satellite-derived downward solar radiation. These model runs were performed on a common 1/8° latitude-longitude grid and used the same database for soil and vegetation classifications. We have evaluated these simulations using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measured daily streamflow data for 9 large major basins and 1145 small- to medium-sized basins from 23 km2 to 10,000 km2 distributed over the NLDAS domain. Model runoff was routed with a common distributed and a lumped optimized linear routing model. The diagnosis of the model water balance results demonstrates strengths and weaknesses in the models, our insufficient knowledge of ad hoc parameters used for the model runs, the interdependence of model structure and model physics, and the lack of good forcing data in parts of the United States, especially in regions with extended snow cover. Overall, the differences between the LSM water balance terms are of the same magnitude as the mean water balance terms themselves. The modeled mean annual runoff shows large regional differences by a factor of up to 4 between models. The corresponding difference in mean annual evapotranspiration is about a factor of 2. The analysis of runoff timing for the LSMs demonstrates the importance of correct snowmelt timing, where the resulting differences in streamflow timing can be up to four months. Runoff is underestimated by all LSMs in areas with significant snowfall.
Hydroxamic Acids Containing a Bicyclic Pinane Backbone as Epigenetic and Metabolic Regulators: Synergizing Agents to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance

Simple Summary Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used cancer treatments. A significant barrier to its successful use is the high risk of acquiring the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in cancer. In this regard, today, researchers’ attention is focused on solving this critically important problem. In our work, the approach of using hydroxamic acids containing a para-substituted cinnamic acid core and bearing bicyclic pinane scaffolds, including derivatives of (−)-myrtenol, (+)-myrtenol and (−)-nopol, as a Cap-group is considered to be one of the possible solutions to this problem. Being modulators of epigenetic function and the metabolic state of neoplastic cells, 18c synergizes with cisplatin to increase the anticancer effect of cytostatic agent, and it overcomes cisplatin. Abstract Multidrug resistance is the dominant obstacle to effective chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms. It is well known that neoplastic cells use a wide range of adaptive mechanisms to form and maintain resistance against antitumor agents, which makes it urgent to identify promising therapies to solve this problem. Hydroxamic acids are biologically active compounds and in recent years have been actively considered to be potentially promising drugs of various pharmacological applications. In this paper, we synthesized a number of hydroxamic acids containing a p-substituted cinnamic acid core and bearing bicyclic pinane fragments, including derivatives of (−)-myrtenol, (+)-myrtenol and (−)-nopol, as a Cap-group. Among the synthesized compounds, the most promising hydroxamic acid was identified, containing a fragment of (−)-nopol in the Cap group 18c. This compound synergizes with cisplatin to increase its anticancer effect and overcomes cisplatin resistance, which may be associated with the inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 and glycolytic function. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the use of hydroxamic acids with a bicyclic pinane backbone can be considered to be an effective approach to the eradication of tumor cells and overcoming drug resistance in the treatment of malignant neoplasms.
Inactive Matrix Gla Protein in Relation to Renal and Cardiac Functions and Cardiac Valvular Calcification Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Background: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a robust innate suppressor of the detrimental process of vascular calcification in the human body. Objectives: The interrelationship between circulating MGP levels and renal and cardiac dysfunction, besides echocardiographic calcification score (ECS) was investigated in a sample of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Methods: The study included 130 subjects. They were 95 patients with T2D and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Patients were further subdivided into 52 T2D patients without DKD (eGFR ⩾ 60 ml/minute/1.73 m²) and 43 T2D persons with DKD (eGFR > 60 ml/minute/1.73 m²). Serum MGP levels, determined by ELISA, renal function tests, lipid profile, and echocardiography were studied in all participants. Results: Significantly elevated circulating inactive MGP level was noted in individuals having T2D compared to controls. It correlated negatively with eGFR and left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic functions and positively with indices of LV hypertrophy. ECS was significantly increased in both T2D groups compared to controls and in DKD group compared to the diabetic group without DKD. A significant positive correlation was observed between inactive MGP and ECS. Conclusion: Serum inactive MGP may contribute to the development of DKD and to the associated process of cardiac valvular calcification. It may be a beneficial diagnostic marker for early prediction of cardiac calcification and preclinical LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in T2D patients, especially in those complicated with DKD.
Relations of Thunderstorms and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Frequencies

Abstract Temporal and spatial relationships between thunderstorms (events) and flashes were investigated using data for 1983–85 for 25 first-order stations (10 in the West and 15 along the East Coast). Thunder events were compared with flashes within three ranges: 5 km, 10 km, and 20 km, around each station. Cluster analysis revealed six geographic regions: Florida, Southeast (South Carolina, Georgia), Mid-Atlantic (Virginia, Maryland Pennsylvania), Northeast (New York and New England), Rocky Mountains, and an intermontane area. Periods of multiple flashes not within thunder events and within 10 km of a point (most realistic for audibility), revealed that 10% to 20% (depending upon region) of all thunderstorms were missed. Also, 13% (Rockies) to 44% (Mid-Atlantic) of all thunderstorms have recorded durations too short (missed flashes before their reported start), and the average underestimated durations were from 55% (Northeast Mid-Atlantic) to 26% (Rockies). Flashes isolated in time and space, due to loc.