Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological Investigations of Single Levitated H2SO4/NH3/H2O Aerosol Particles during Deliquescence/Efflorescence Experiments

In an electrodynamic particle trap, experiments with single levitated H 2 SO 4 /NH 3 /H 2 O aerosol particles have been performed under atmospheric conditions. Four analytical methods provide independent information on the aerosol composition and structure (measurements of Mie scattering, Raman scattering, scattering fluctuations, and of mass). The morphology of the aerosol particles and the water uptake and drying behavior are investigated including the determination of deliquescence and efflorescence relative humidities. In general, the thermodynamic data derived from our measurements are in good agreement with previous work. The observed solid phase is mostly letovicite [(NH 4 ) 3 H(SO 4 ) 2 ] and sometimes ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ], whereas ammonium bisulfate [(NH 4 )HSO 4 ] does not nucleate at temperatures between 260 and 270 K despite supersaturation over periods of up to 1 day. This underlines the atmospheric importance of letovicite, which has been ignored in most previous studies concentrating on ammonium sulfate. When the stoichiometry of the aqueous solution in the droplets is chosen as neither that of ammonium sulfate nor letovicite, the particles forming after efflorescence are mixed-phase particles (solid/liquid), representing the usual case in the natural atmosphere. Upon crystallization these mixed-phase particles reveal a range of different morphologies with a tendency to form complex crystalline structures with embedded liquid cavities, but there is no evidence for the occurrence of crystalline material surrounded by the remaining liquid. This liquid possibly resides in grain boundaries or triple junctions between single crystals or in small pores and shows little mobility upon extensive drying, unless the shell-like surrounding solid cracks.
The influence of the repetition rate on the nanosecond pulsed pin-to-pin microdischarges

The effect of repetition rate on a nanosecond atmospheric pressure discharge is investigated. The discharge is generated between two pins in a mixture of Ne and Ar. The voltage, current, power waveforms and the temporally and spatially resolved electron density and an ‘effective’ electron temperature are measured, with a pulse interval between 1.5 and 200 µs. It is found that not only does the repetition rate have a strong influence on the breakdown voltage and the peak discharge power, but it can also affect the rise rate of the volume averaged electron density and its peak value. Temporally and spatially resolved measurement of the electron density and the effective electron temperature show that the spatial distributions of both quantities are also influenced by the repetition rate. In the initial discharge period of all cases, the sharp rise of the electron density correlates with the drastic drop of the effective electron temperature. It is suggested that the residual charges have a strong impact on the axial distribution of the electric field and energetic electrons between the electrodes during the breakdown period, as illustrated by a simple sheath model.
Nanoprotrusion model for field emission from integrated microtips

A study of the field emission from Spindt-type metallic integrated single microtips and arrays of microtips has been carried out. Measurements of field emission patterns, I/V curves, current stability, energy distributions against both applied voltage and angle of emission, and high frequency noise were made throughout the seasoning process. These measurements show that the emitters are not conventional metal emitters but undergo an evolution that depends on their past history such as operating time and exposure to ambient gases. In particular, the energy distributions showed three distinct behaviors; (1) a large and even dominating part of the total emission current could come from low-energy secondary electrons generated by collisions of the emitted electrons with the grid, particularly in the beginning of the seasoning process. After seasoning, the electrons were predominantly emitted from either, (2) multiple discrete bands nearer to the Fermi level that displace with applied voltage, or, (3) from the.
Investigating the support of organizational culture for leadership styles (transformational & transactional)

ABSTRACT Organizational culture is supposed to be characterized by sharing of positive norms and values that are in the favor of every single member of the organization. Every member has self-respect and trust in the organizational practices. If employees are satisfied with their work and relationship with different aspects of the organization, the organizational culture is said to be positive and employee friendly. Likewise, transformational leadership is characterized by sharing-culture where leader keeps contact with every individual employee, the creativity and innovation of the workforce is given due weight and the well-being of the worker is valued and supported. While transactional leadership is more organizational and rules oriented than the employees. It is therefore assumed that organizational culture is supportive for transformational leadership but less or insignificantly connected with transactional leadership. For this purpose, data were collected through structures questionnaire from the workforces hailing from southern region’s higher educational institutions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Statistical evidence also supports these assumptions with varying values and strength of statistical results. The findings have implications for organizational management to reconsider the role of organizational culture in relation to transformational and transactional models of leadership in the organizations.
New Zealand teachers' generation problem misconceptions

Everyone, including teachers, is prone to randomness misconceptions. In this article, we investigate the perceptions of randomness held by New Zealand secondary school teachers. The responses to a question asked in an online, anonymous questionnaire sent to New Zealand teachers will be explored. One question asked participants to create a sequence of 20 heads and tails such that it mimics a truly random process. From this, the number of heads, the longest run, and the number of runs in each sequence will be considered. Further, the mean for each of these sequence characteristics will then be compared to the findings from a previous study with Spanish pre‐service teachers. Overall, we recommend further research into the misconceptions relating to generation problems, including an exploration of professional development opportunities.
Faktor Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan COVID 19 : Literature Review

Prevalensi kasus Covid-19 di dunia pertengahan September 2020 mencapai 29.155. 581 dan kematian tercatat 926.544 jiwa dengan tersebar ke 216 negara sehingga Case Fatality Rate sebesar 3,17% (WHO, 2020). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan Covid 19. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi literature dengan jurnal penelitian berbahasa inggris tahun 2020 dengan rancangan penelitian analitik dengan data yang mendukung faktor-faktor risiko Covid 19. Dalam penelurusan jurnal dengan bantuan internet dengan kata kunci terkait faktor risiko, karakteristik,komorbid dan Covid 19. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini umur, jenis kelamin, pasien yang terinfeksi di rumah sakit, penyakit komorbid ,tanda dan gejala Covid 19 berhubungan dengan Covid 19. Riwayat merokok tidak berhubungan dengan COVID 19. Rekomendasi diharapkan masyarakat berperilaku sehat memperkecil perilaku berisiko Covid 19 dengan mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Kata kunci: faktor risiko, karakteristik, komorbid, Covid 19
Mechanisms of adaptation to high aluminum condition in native plant species growing in acid soils: a review

Various studies of the mechanisms of aluminum (Al) tolerance in crop plants have been conducted to improve crop productivity in acid soils. However, many native plant species vigorously grow in acid soils. These species have adapted well to high levels of Al in the medium. The mechanisms of this adaptation can be separated into Al exclusion and internal Al inactivation. In general, plant species that have developed mechanisms of the former type are called “Al excluders,” and those that have developed mechanisms of the latter type are called “Al accumulators. ” Mechanisms of Al exclusion in excluder species have not been completely elucidated, and may involve some strong mechanisms in addition to the exudation of organic acid from roots. Al accumulator species are supposed to create an Al-ligand (mainly organic acids) complex for translocation from roots to shoots, and for accumulation in the leaves. Interestingly, the ligand of Al for translocation often differs from that for storage in the leaves. In addition, Al accumulator species seem to prevent the toxic effect of Al on the metabolism in leaves by means of isolating the Al in sites that are insensitive to Al (e.g., epidermal cells or vacuoles). Growth in some native plant species that have adapted to acid soils is enhanced by Al application. This Al-induced growth enhancement is considered to be caused by Al-induced stimulation of nutrient uptake in Al excluders (non-accumulators), and by physiological effects of Al itself in addition to the stimulation of nutrient uptake in accumulators. Elucidation of these mechanisms of adaptation to high levels of Al in medium will be useful for improved production of Al-tolerant crop cultivars and rehabilitation of forest areas.
Comparisons of Structural Fe Reduction in Smectites by Bacteria and Dithionite: An Infrared Spectroscopic Study

The reduction of structural Fe in smectite is mediated either abiotically, by reaction with dithionite, or biotically, by Fe-reducing bacteria. The effects of abiotic reduction on clay-surface chemistry are much better known than the effects of biotic reduction. Since bacteria are probably the principal agent for mediating redox processes in natural soils and sediments, further study is needed to ascertain the differences between biotic and abiotic reduction processes. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of dithionite (abiotic) and bacteria (biotic) reduction of structural Fe in smectites on the clay structure as observed by infrared spectroscopy. Three reference smectites, namely, Garfield nontronite, ferruginous smectite (SWa-1), and Upton, Wyoming, montmorillonite, were reduced to similar levels by either Shewanella oneidensis or by pH-buffered sodium dithionite. Each sample was then analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Parallel samples were reoxidized by bubbling O2 gas through the reduced suspension at room temperature prior to FTIR analysis. Redox states were quantified by chemical analysis, using 1, 10-phenanthroline. The reduction level achieved by dithionite was controlled to approximate that of the bacterial reduction treatment so that valid comparisons could be made between the two treatments. Bacterial reduction was achieved by incubating the Na-saturated smectites with S. oneidensis strain MR-1 in a minimal medium including 20 mM lactate. After redox treatment, the clay was washed four times with deoxygenated 5 mM NaCl. The sample was then prepared either as a self-supporting film for OH-stretching and deformation bands or as a deposit on ZnSe windows for Si-O stretching bands and placed inside a controlled atmosphere cell also fitted with ZnSe windows. The spectra from bacteria-treated samples were compared with dithionite-treated samples having a similar Fe(II) content. The changes observed in all three spectral regions (OH stretching, M2-O-H deformation, and Si-O stretching) for bacteria-reduced smectite were similar to results obtained at a comparable level of reduction by dithionite. In general, the shift of the structural OH vibration and the Si-O vibration, and the loss of intensity of OH groups, indicate that the bonding and/or symmetry properties in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets changes as Fe(III) reduces to Fe(II). Upon reoxidation, peak positions and intensities of the reduced smectites were largely restored to the unaltered condition with some minor exceptions. These observations are interpreted to mean that bacterial reduction of Fe modifies the crystal structures of Fe-bearing smectites, but the overall effects are modest and of about the same extent as dithionite at similar levels of reduction. No extensive changes in clay structure were observed under conditions present in our model system.
One size doesn’t fit all: gender differences in trauma, PTSD, substance use and the SMI-PTSD conceptual model in persons with severe mental illness in Assertive Community Treatment

ABSTRACT The literature on severe mental illness (SMI), trauma, PTSD, and substance use is expansive, yet no research exists examining the specific population served by Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) concerning these relationships and particularly the SMI-PTSD model proposed in the literature. In this paper, we employed retrospective chart reviews to extract information on trauma histories, PTSD, substance use, and psychosocial factors in a sample of 282 clients from four ACT teams (178 males; 104 females) to assess the gender differences in types of trauma, instances of PTSD, substances of choice, problematic substance use, and the SMI-PTSD model. Results indicated that rates of sexual trauma, emotional abuse, serious suicide attempts, rates of trauma in adulthood and PTSD were higher among women, whereas rates of alcohol, marijuana, and stimulant use as well as lifetime problematic substance use were higher among men. In terms of the SMI-PTSD model, results suggest that the model fits the experiences and possible trajectory of men with SMI better. Future work should investigate gender differences and gendered trajectories around the complex relationships between SMI, trauma, PTSD, substance use and examine how the SMI-PTSD model applies to persons of diverse backgrounds.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PARAMETERS AFFECTING NANOFLUID EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

The present research reports nanofluid effective thermal conductivity enhancements (ETCE) using an accurate transient short hot wire method system. Preparation of nanofluids was carried out through a two-step method with highly powered pulses similar to that for nanoparticle dispersion in base fluids. Parameters affecting nanofluid heat conductivity such as concentration, sizes, and material of nanoparticleş type of base fluid, temperature, ultrasonic mixing time, and elapsed time after preparation were studied. In the present study, nanoparticles of Al, Al2O3, CuO, SnO2, TiO2, and SiO2 with base fluids of water and ethylene glycol were used. Parameters like concentration, size, temperature, and the type of base fluid showed more noticeable effect on the effective thermal conductivity than the others, and mixing time had the least effect. The results showed that any increase in concentration and temperature, and also any decrease in size of nanoparticles and time elapsed after nanofluid preparation, leads to the ETCE of the nanofluid. However, the effects of nanoparticle material, base fluid, and mixing time on thermal conductivity of the nanofluid showed varying trends. Last, a number of mathematical models for prediction of thermal conductivity of nanofluids were applied.
Effects of Poly(Propylene Oxide)–Poly(Ethylene Oxide)–Poly(Propylene Oxide) Triblock Copolymer on the Gelation of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)–Poly(Propylene Oxide)–Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Aqueous Solutions

Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) ((EO)n–(PO)m–(EO)n) block copolymers, commercially available as Pluronics (BASF Corp.) and Poloxamers (ICI Corp.), have been widely applied in medicine, biochemistry, and other fields because of their ability to form reversible micelles and physical gels in aqueous solution. Generally, for PEO–PPO–PEO block copolymers with higher ethylene oxide concentration, the micellization and gelation in aqueous solution are easier. However, if we introduce the reverse block copolymer PPO–PEO–PPO into PEO–PPO–PEO aqueous solutions, the micellization and gelation of the system will be more complex. In this work, the reverse block copolymer PO14–EO24–PO14 (17R4) was added to the Pluronics EO20–PO70–EO20 (P123), EO100–PO65–EO100 (F127), and EO133–PO50–EO133 (F108) aqueous solutions with different molar ratios. The rheological properties of different mixtures were measured to study the additive effect on the gelation behavior. The sol–gel transition temperature of the P123, F127, and F108 solutions shifted to a higher temperature when 17R4 was added to the solutions. In addition, the existence of 17R4 greatly affected the stability of gels. These results help to better understand the gelation of Pluronic aqueous solutions.
Psychometric Properties of Binge Eating Scale Indonesian Version

This research aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and to describe characteristics of binge eating among emerging adults aged 19 – 25 years old in 3 private universities in Indonesia. The Indonesian version of BES was translated forward and backwards, according to the second edition of the ITC guidelines to confirm conceptual and linguistic equivalence. The result provided factor structure evidence and showed good reliability of the BES Indonesian version. No significant difference between man and woman and Body Mass Index was observed.
Alleviating the deleterious effects of soil salinity and alkalinity on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production using Rhizobium/Agrobacterium inoculants

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of Rhizobium inoculation is largely determined by soil properties. In this study, the symbiotic efficiency of 17 Rhizobium/Agrobacterium local strains was screened in greenhouse experiments. Subsequently, the combined effects of selected five rhizobial strains plus a starting N-dose (48 kg N ha−1) on nodulation and yield of faba bean were evaluated in two-year field trials. The field experiments were conducted in multiple locations which represent fertile, alkaline-calcareous, and salt-affected soils. Regardless of soil type, rhizobial inoculation overwhelmingly improved the nodulation of faba beans compared to the non-inoculated control and N-fertilized (48 and 96 kg N ha−1) treatments. In all of the sites, inoculated faba beans, with at least two strains, produced grain yield and grain N yield significantly greater, or comparable to N-fertilized (96 kg N ha−1) treatment. The maximum response of faba bean to inoculation was identified in the salt-affected soil, whereas faba bean inoculated with Rlv strain NGB-FR 126 showed significant increases in the averages of grain yield (50%) and grain N-yield (56%) compared to N-fertilized (96 kg N ha−1) treatment, over the two cropping seasons. Besides enhancing nodulation, application of rhizobial inoculants effectively improved production and plant response in alkaline-calcareous and salt-affected soil conditions.
Effects of Parkia platycephala on feeding behavior, rumen health, blood markers, and physiological responses of lactating goats

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Parkia platycephala pod meal (PP) on feeding behavior, rumen health, blood markers, and physiological responses in lactating goats. Eight apparently healthy, adult, multiparous Anglo-Nubian goats, with an average body weight of 42.06±3.5 kg and approximately 52±4 days in lactation, were randomly assigned into two Latin squares (4×4) composed of four levels of PP (0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% of dry matter) for four periods. Daily feed intake, feeding [. ]
Emerging Roles of Urine-Derived Components for the Management of Bladder Cancer: One Man’s Trash Is Another Man’s Treasure

Simple Summary Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, with many patients not responding to chemotherapy, or presenting with serious adverse effects after chemotherapy. Yet, current bench side assays provide limited accuracy for predicting therapeutic response to chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the potential of urinary-derived extracellular vesicles and UBC-organoids to serve as predictive biomarkers for this cancer. Specifically, molecular subtyping of urine-derived extracellular vesicles has the potential to provide insights into the molecular stratification of the tumor, while urinary organoids will allow for individualized chemotherapy testing in the context of precision medicine. Abstract Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in humans, with an estimated global prevalence of 1.1 million cases over 5 years. Because of its high rates of recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, UBC is one of the most expensive cancers to treat, resulting in significant health care costs. The development of innovative molecular and cellular tools is necessary to refine patient stratification and help predict response to treatment. Urine is an underused resource of biological components shed from bladder tumors, such as exfoliated cells and extracellular vesicles, that could serve as molecular fingerprints and provide valuable biological insights into tumor phenotype and mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, characterization of urine-derived extracellular vesicles and cells could be used as reliable biomarkers for prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Matching Co-innovation Project Types to Diverse Customer Relationships: Perspective of an Industrial Technology Supplier

Co-innovation between suppliers and their customers provides important benefits but is not without challenges. Especially in technologically complex industrial context co-innovation projects need careful planning and preparing. Through eight cases, this qualitative study takes the perspective of the supplier and empirically identifies three types of supplier-customer co-innovation projects and for each project type, the supplier’s co-innovation goal, potential matching customer relationships, and related managerial benefits and challenges are described. The results contribute to the co-innovation research by presenting a framework for matching supplier’s co-innovation goals to customer relationship types, which brings out the variety of co-innovation projects that even a single supplier can face and must manage.
Bio‐Inspired Conformable and Helical Soft Fabric Gripper with Variable Stiffness and Touch Sensing

There are many instances in nature where continuum, helical manipulators are used to efficiently grasp different objects with various shapes and sizes. Inspired by nature, this paper introduces a continuum, flat, scalable, helical soft‐fabric robotic gripper that is thin and lightweight with stiffness tunability and sensory feedback. The gripper is fabricated by a facile method of simple insertion using a computerized technique from apparel engineering and controlled by a miniature hydraulic source to grasp different objects at different scales and weights. It uses a thermally activated variable stiffness structure (VSS) for high load capacity that can complete a softening‐stiffening cycle within 24 s, which is among the fastest results reported so far. In addition, a highly stretchable liquid metal‐based soft sensor with an enhanced sensing sensitivity (15 times more sensitive compared to conventional designs) is embedded into the gripper to provide real‐time touch sensing. The gripper successfully grasped various objects of different geometries and weights (up to 220 times of its mass) and retrieved them from confined hollow spaces. Its excellent performance and versatility make it an ideal candidate for various domains, including industry, exploration, rescue, and other applications in confined and hazardous environments such as gas/oil or drainage sectors.