Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Compliance Rule Languages for Modelling Regulatory Compliance Requirements

Compliance in business processes has become a fundamental requirement given the constant rise in regulatory requirements and competitive pressures that have emerged in recent decades. While in other areas of business process modelling and execution, considerable progress towards automation has been made (e.g., process discovery, executable process models), the interpretation and implementation of compliance requirements is still a highly complex task requiring human effort and time. To increase the level of “mechanization” when implementing regulations in business processes, compliance research seeks to formalize compliance requirements. Formal representations of compliance requirements should, then, be leveraged to design correct process models and, ideally, would also serve for the automated detection of violations. To formally specify compliance requirements, however, multiple process perspectives, such as control flow, data, time and resources, have to be considered. This leads to the challenge of representing such complex constraints which affect different process perspectives. To this end, current approaches in business process compliance make use of a varied set of languages. However, every approach has been devised based on different assumptions and motivating scenarios. In addition, these languages and their presentation usually abstract from real-world requirements which often would imply introducing a substantial amount of domain knowledge and interpretation, thus hampering the evaluation of their expressiveness. This is a serious problem, since comparisons of different formal languages based on real-world compliance requirements are lacking, meaning that users of such languages are not able to make informed decisions about which language to choose. To close this gap and to establish a uniform evaluation basis, we introduce a running example for evaluating the expressiveness and complexity of compliance rule languages. For language selection, we conducted a literature review. Next, we briefly introduce and demonstrate the languages’ grammars and vocabularies based on the representation of a number of legal requirements. In doing so, we pay attention to semantic subtleties which we evaluate by adopting a normative classification framework which differentiates between different deontic assignments. Finally, on top of that, we apply Halstead’s well-known metrics for calculating the relevant characteristics of the different languages in our comparison, such as the volume, difficulty and effort for each language. With this, we are finally able to better understand the lexical complexity of the languages in relation to their expressiveness. In sum, we provide a systematic comparison of different compliance rule languages based on real-world compliance requirements which may inform future users and developers of these languages. Finally, we advocate for a more user-aware development of compliance languages which should consider a trade off between expressiveness, complexity and usability.
Effects of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) on Adults with Symptoms of Depression—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a recent development in non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS) that has been proven to be effective in terms of significantly improving Alzheimer patients’ cognition, memory, and execution functions. Nonetheless, there is, currently, no trial evaluating the efficacy of TPS on adults with major depression disorder (MDD) nationwide. In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, a 2-week TPS treatment comprising six 30 min TPS sessions were administered to participants. Participants were randomized into either the TPS group or the Waitlist Control (WC) group, stratified by gender and age according to a 1:1 ratio. Our primary outcome was evaluated by the Hamilton depression rating scale-17 (HDRS-17). We recruited 30 participants that were aged between 18 and 54 years, predominantly female (73%), and ethnic Chinese from 1 August to 31 October 2021. Moreover, there was a significant group x time interaction (F(1, 28) = 18.8, p < 0.001). Further, when compared with the WC group, there was a significant reduction in the depressive symptom severity in the TPS group (mean difference = −6.60, p = 0.02, and Cohen’s d = −0.93). The results showed a significant intervention effect; in addition, the effect was large and sustainable at the 3-month follow-up. In this trial, it was found that TPS is effective in reducing depressive symptoms among adults with MDD.
Analysing multivariate repeated measures designs when covariance matrices are heterogeneous

Methods for the analysis of within-subjects effects in multivariate groups by trials repeated measures designs are considered in the presence of heteroscedasticity of the group variance-covariance matrices and multivariate non-normalilty. Under a doubly multivariate model approach to hypothesis testing, within-subjects main and interaction effect procedures are largely robust to the effects of heteroscedasticity when group sizes are equal, even when the data are non-normal. These tests are, however, highly sensitive to the effects of covariance heterogeneity when the design is unbalanced and the data are normally distributed; Type I error rates will deviate even more from the nominal significance level when the data are obtained from a skewed distribution. An approximate degrees of freedom multivariate statistic given by Johansen (1980) is shown to be robust to the combined effects of the homogeneity and normality assumption violations for unbalanced designs, provided that the smallest of the group sizes is sufficiently large.
How Frequently Benign Uterine Myomas Appear Suspicious for Sarcoma as Assessed by Transvaginal Ultrasound?

Background: Uterine myomas may resemble uterine sarcomas in some cases. However, the rate of benign myomas appearing as sarcomas at an ultrasound examination is not known. The objective of this study is to determine the percentage of benign myomas that appear suspicious for uterine sarcoma on ultrasound examination. This is a prospective observational multicenter study (June 2019–December 2021) comprising a consecutive series of patients with histologically proven uterine myoma after hysterectomy or myomectomy who underwent transvaginal and/or transabdominal ultrasound prior to surgery. All ultrasound examinations were performed by expert examiners. MUSA criteria were used to describe the lesions (1). Suspicion of sarcoma was established when three or more sonographic features, described by Ludovisi et al. as “frequently seen in uterine sarcoma”, were present (2). These features are no visible myometrium, irregular cystic areas, non-uniform echogenicity, irregular contour, “cooked” appearance, and a Doppler color score of 3–4. In addition, the examiners had to classify the lesion as suspicious based on her/his impression, independent of the number of features present. Eight hundred and ten women were included. The median maximum diameter of the myomas was 58.7 mm (range: 10.0–263.0 mm). Three hundred and forty-nine (43.1%) of the patients had more than one myoma. Using the criterion of >3 suspicious features, 40 (4.9%) of the myomas had suspicious appearance. By subjective impression, the examiners considered 40 (4.9%) cases suspicious. The cases were not exactly the same. We conclude that approximately 5% of benign uterine myomas may exhibit sonographic suspicion of sarcoma. Although it is a small percentage, it is not negligible.
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FLUX DEPLETION DURING PROTRACTED SOLAR MINIMA

We examine near-Earth solar wind observations as assembled within the Omni data set over the past 15 years that constitute the latest solar cycle. We show that the interplanetary magnetic field continues to be depleted at low latitudes throughout the protracted solar minimum reaching levels below previously predicted minima. We obtain a rate of flux removal resulting in magnetic field reduction by 0.5 nT yr−1 at 1 AU when averaged over the years 2005–2009 that reduces to 0.3 nT yr−1 for 2007–2009. We show that the flux removal operates on field lines that follow the nominal Parker spiral orientation predicted for open field lines and are largely unassociated with recent ejecta. We argue that the field line reduction can only be accomplished by ongoing reconnection of nominally open field lines or very old closed field lines and we contend that these two interpretations are observationally equivalent and indistinguishable.
NUMERICAL PORE-SCALE MODELING OF THREE-PHASE FLUID FLOW : COMPARISON BETWEEN SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT

It has been recently shown experimentally by \O{}ren and Pinczewski [SPE Form. Eval. 7, 70 (1992); 9, 149 (1994)] that on the pore scale the presence of continuous wetting and spreading films is vitally important in describing the mobility of the various fluid phases in three-phase fluid flow. In this paper we put in place a numerical, pore-scale model to describe three-phase drainage dominated flow. Our model incorporates all the mechanisms observed in glass micromodel experiments. The pressures of all phases are calculated explicitly so that no ad hoc rules need be introduced to describe fluid flow. In doing this we are able to reproduce many of the experimentally observed characteristics of three-phase flow, i.e., multiple, simultaneous displacements, flow through thin wetting and spreading films, and double drainage events. The numerical simulations are carried out for a variety of wetting and spreading conditions, i.e., oil-wet, water-wet, positive spreading, and negative spreading, and in all cases we see good agreement with micromodel experiments.
Nanoscroll formation from strained layer heterostructures

Nanoscrolls develop when thin, strained semiconductor multilayers are peeled off from their substrate. We model the strain relaxation using continuum strain theory and predict that the scroll diameter depends on the winding direction if the cubic symmetry of zinc blende semiconductors is taken into account, 〈100〉 being the preferred winding direction. The effects of nonlinear strain and third order elastic coefficients are considered, the latter leading to smaller scroll diameter.
A numerical study of the effects of spanwise rotation on turbulent channel flow

The effects of spanwise rotation on the large‐scale structures in a turbulent channel flow are numerically simulated by integrating the filtered Navier–Stokes equations. A finite‐difference technique is used to retain the generality for complex geometries and developing flows to be considered in the future. The computed results are consistent with previous flow visualization data and measurements. It is seen that for the presently considered low Reynolds number, the flow significantly laminarizes on the stable side even for low rotation rates. Cellular spanwise structures are observed to develop as a result of the unstable interaction between mean shear and Coriolis forces. The statistics of these roll cells and the underlying turbulence are analyzed and presented in this paper. It is observed that the roll cells make a significant contribution to total turbulent quantities and also aid in the transport of underlying turbulence.
Large Cryogenic Magnetostriction Induced by Hydrostatic Pressure in MnCo0.92Ni0.08Si Alloy

Giant magnetostriction could be achieved in MnCoSi-based alloys due to the magneto-elastic coupling accompanied by the meta-magnetic transition. In the present work, the effects of hydrostatic pressure on magnetostrictive behavior in MnCo0.92Ni0. 08Si alloy have been investigated. The saturation magnetostriction (at 30,000 Oe) could be enhanced from 577 ppm to 5034 ppm by the hydrostatic pressure of 3.2 kbar at 100 K. Moreover, under a magnetic field of 20,000 Oe, the reversible magnetostriction was improved from 20 ppm to 2112 ppm when a hydrostatic pressure of 6.4 kbar was applied at 70 K. In all, it has been found that the magnetostrictive effect of the MnCo0.92Ni0. 08Si compound is strongly sensitive to external hydrostatic pressure. This work proves that the MnCoSi-based alloys as a potential cryogenic magnetostrictive material can be modified through applied hydrostatic pressure.
Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone: New Insights

Methylisothiazolinone (MI), along with Kathon™ CG (methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI), are widely used preservatives to prevent bacterial overgrowth in aqueous solutions of various types of cosmetic, household, and industrial products. Because of its high sensitising power and widespread use, MI is currently one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis, both in our private lives and in the occupational field. As it was thought that MI had less sensitivity capacity, it started to be commercialised separately, and a new epidemic of sensitisation to these preservatives has been observed in recent years. MI should be included separately in the standard patch testing series. Also, the use of isothiazolinones should be revised, and legislative measures from the competent authorities should be implemented in order to resolve this problem.
A cost-effective algorithm for the solution of engineering problems with particle swarm optimization

A hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed for the cost-effective solution of single objective constrained engineering problems. The algorithm implements original strategies aimed to reduce computational effort of optimizations when dealing with real-world problems. Taking inspiration from evolutionary algorithms, a selection mechanism among particles is proposed allowing significant reductions in the solution cost. To enlarge the exploration space, a multi-start approach is frequently adopted, randomly reinitializing the swarm; the injection of optimized particles—obtained in previous runs—into the successive randomly generated starting swarms has been investigated as an expedient to accelerate convergence to the optimal solution. In order to avoid the algorithm to remain trapped into local minima, an innovative scheme has been proposed to update the inertia factor multiplying the previous velocity of the swarm. The proposed algorithm has been validated using standard engineering and purely mathematical problems commonly recognized as valid benchmark functions in specialized literature.
Exploring the Past, Present, and Future of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma

Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Despite technological advancements and modern therapeutic agents used for treatment, the prognosis remains extremely poor. One unique characteristic of glioblastoma is its highly vascularized nature, enabling the tumors to grow and invade the surrounding brain tissue. This process is known as “angiogenesis” which is critical for growth of glioblastoma cells and has been a topic of interest for scientists. A critical protein that facilitates new blood vessel formation is vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), therefore, bevacizumab, a medication that specifically targets VEGF-A has been approved for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. However, despite its theoretical potential, bevacizumab has failed to offer significant survival improvement. Furthermore, other agents with mechanisms of action comparable to that of bevacizumab have also not been able to demonstrate favorable results. Herein, we review the current state of anti-vascularization therapeutic agents, and the future of this therapeutic approach. Abstract Glioblastoma, a WHO grade IV astrocytoma, constitutes approximately half of malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Despite technological advancements and aggressive multimodal treatment, prognosis remains dismal. The highly vascularized nature of glioblastoma enables the tumor cells to grow and invade the surrounding tissue, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a critical mediator of this process. Therefore, over the past decade, angiogenesis, and more specifically, the VEGF signaling pathway, has emerged as a therapeutic target for glioblastoma therapy. This led to the FDA approval of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody designed against VEGF-A, for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Despite the promising preclinical data and its theoretical effectiveness, bevacizumab has failed to improve patients’ overall survival. Furthermore, several other anti-angiogenic agents that target the VEGF signaling pathway have also not demonstrated survival improvement. This suggests the presence of other compensatory angiogenic signaling pathways that surpass the anti-angiogenic effects of these agents and facilitate vascularization despite ongoing VEGF signaling inhibition. Herein, we review the current state of anti-angiogenic agents, discuss potential mechanisms of anti-angiogenic resistance, and suggest potential avenues to increase the efficacy of this therapeutic approach.
External relations of an Industry 4.0 cluster: the case study of the Hamburg aviation cluster

ABSTRACT Based on the case study of the Hamburg aviation cluster (HAv), this paper touches upon the nature of cluster processes in digital transformation (Industry 4.0). The discussion is carried out with reference to the concept of hubbing, while highlighting the difference between classic internationalization. The aim of the paper is to unearth the nature of the cluster’s external expansion in the digitally reshaped era by investigating the case of an advanced aviation cluster officially branded as an Industry 4.0 cluster.
Supercooling and the Mpemba effect: When hot water freezes quicker than cold

Temperature measurements taken near vessel walls show that initially hot water may well begin to freeze quicker than cold. This is not, as previously surmised, due to the cooling history of the water (e.g., air expulsion during heating). Rather, supercooling virtually always takes place. On those occasions where the cold water supercools sufficiently more than the hot the Mpemba scenario is the following: The hot water supercools, but only slightly, before spontaneously freezing. Superficially it looks completely frozen. The cold water (in larger volume than that of the hot sample) supercools to a lower local temperature than the hot before it spontaneously freezes. This scenario can occur more often for ambient cooling temperatures between −6 °C and −12 °C.
Organismal Roles of Hsp90

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that assists in the maturation of many client proteins involved in cellular signal transduction. As a regulator of cellular signaling processes, it is vital for the maintenance of cellular proteostasis and adaptation to environmental stresses. Emerging research shows that Hsp90 function in an organism goes well beyond intracellular proteostasis. In metazoans, Hsp90, as an environmentally responsive chaperone, is involved in inter-tissue stress signaling responses that coordinate and safeguard cell nonautonomous proteostasis and organismal health. In this way, Hsp90 has the capacity to influence evolution and aging, and effect behavioral responses to facilitate tissue-defense systems that ensure organismal survival. In this review, I summarize the literature on the organismal roles of Hsp90 uncovered in multicellular organisms, from plants to invertebrates and mammals.
Validation of a Questionnaire to Analyze Teacher Training in Inclusive Education in the Area of Physical Education: The CEFI-R Questionnaire

Inclusive education is a right that has captured the attention of public institutions, researchers, and teaching professionals around the world. The beliefs and perceptions of teachers are a fundamental axis in knowing the state of these professionals regarding this ethical principle, allowing them to develop and implement different strategies. This study aims to explore the reliability and factor structure of the Evaluation of Teachers’ Preparation for Inclusion (CEFI-R) questionnaire among physical education teachers. The sample consisted of 789 Spanish in-service teachers who completed the questionnaire to assess their readiness for inclusion in this subject. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability testing were carried out. A factor structure with four dimensions (conception of diversity, methodology, support, and community participation) was obtained. These dimensions consisted of 17 items with good and excellent goodness-of-fit values. In addition, a high reliability was obtained (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.71−0.93). Therefore, the CEFI-R could be considered a valid and reliable tool to analyze physical education teachers’ perceptions of their preparedness for inclusive education.
Ultrahigh Color Conversion Efficiency Nano-Light-Emitting Diode With Single Electrical Contact

Realizing full color GaN-based micro- and nano-light-emitting diode (nLED) displays with quantum dots (QDs) being the color conversion media remains challenging because of the limited QD color conversion efficiency (CCE). In this article, by using GaN-based nanorod LED as the light source and exciting the QDs by nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) method, a nanorod LED with ultrahigh CCE has been realized. At the same time, a single electrical contact alternating current (ac)-driven electroluminescence (EL) method is adopted to investigate the relationship between frequency and nLED performance. Different from the double terminal injection mode, on the premise of lighting up the nanorod LED, the ac-driven can also avoid the necessity of external p-type and n-type electrodes, thus simplified the manufacturing process of LED. The final optical measurement shows that the CCE of this hybrid color conversion nLED driven by single contact electrode can reach up to 86.67% under the ac voltage of 60 V and an ac frequency of 14.2 MHz, which shows that the energy utilization efficiency can be effectively improved by NRET.
Incidence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Recovered from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Zakho City/ Kurdistan-Iraq

The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) among patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) has become a significant cause of morbidity in all age groups. The aim of the current study was to identify S. aureus with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Moreover, it aimed to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to detect the presence of the mecA, lukPV and icaA genes in isolated S. aureus among UTIs patients. A total of 402 urine samples were collected from patients diagnosed with UTIs aged (less than 80 years) at Zakho General Hospital in Zakho City, from August 2021 to March 2022. From these samples, a total of 37 (12.6%) S. aureus was identified and molecularly confirmed by the nuc gene. A high prevalence of MRSA 28 (75.7%) was identified from these isolates S. aureus by Oxacillin sensitive test and confirmed by mecA gene. Females were highly infected with UTIs than males, and most cases were in chronic condition and married. In addition, 18 (64.3%) and 21 (75%) of these isolates S. aureus were harbored luk-PV and icaA genes, respectively. There were widespread of antimicrobial resistance patterns for these bacteria. Isolated MRSA were highly sensitive to Imipenem. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation between mecA and both virulence marker genes (luk-PV and icaA) found in MRSA with UTIs. Conclusion, the data demonstrated, for the first time, alarming emergence of multidrug-resistant MRSA isolated from UTIs of community-acquired in Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Further studies are required in other cities to report whether or not MRSA is the cause of UTI patients in Iraqi Kurdistan.