Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of a New Type of Natural Calcined Bone Repair Material Combined with Concentrated Growth Factors in Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Sized Calvarial Defect

Purpose This study is aimed at investigating bone regeneration in critical-sized defects in rabbit calvarium using a novel nano- (n-) hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold with concentrated growth factors (CGFs). Methods Twenty-four male adult rabbits were chosen to establish a critical-sized bone defect model and randomly divided into two groups. Two defects of 15 mm diameter each were created in the parietal bone of each animal. Group A had n-hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold placed in the experimental defect on the right, and the left defect was unfilled as blank. Group B had hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold mixed with CGF placed in the right defect and CGF on the left. Six animals in each group were sacrificed after 6 and 12 weeks. Cone-beam computed tomography system scanning and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were used to detect osteogenesis within the defects. Results The treatment with n-hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold along with CGF resulted in a significantly higher amount of new bone at 6 and 12 weeks compared to the treatment with CGF alone and the controls. No apparent inflammation and foreign body reaction were observed through HE staining. Conclusions The new synthesized n-hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold and CGF can be applied for bone defect regeneration to promote the process to a certain extent.
The Effect of Correction Algorithms on Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Gait of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

In gait analysis, the accuracy of knee joint angles and moments is critical for clinical decision-making. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of two existing algorithms for knee joint axis correction under pathological conditions. Gait data from 20 healthy participants and 20 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were collected using a motion capture system. An algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a functional joint-based algorithm (FJA) were used to define the knee joint flexion axis. The results show that PCA decreased crosstalk for both groups, and FJA reduced crosstalk in patients with knee OA only. PCA decreased the range of motions of patients with knee OA in the direction of abduction/adduction significantly. There was a significant increase in the maximum knee flexion moment of patients with knee OA by FJA. The results indicate that both algorithms can efficiently reduce crosstalk for gait from patients with knee OA, which can further influence the results of knee joint angles and moments. We recommend that the correction algorithms be applied in clinical gait analysis with patients with knee OA.
Transport of nonlinearly adsorbing solutes in heterogeneous porous media

In this thesis we focus our investigations on subsurface transport processes of a solute dissolved in groundwater. Moreover, the solute adsorbs nonlinearly on the soil matrix. Starting with transport in homogeneous media, we introduce a new methodology to identify transport parameters. The transport velocity and the dispcrsion cocfficient are evaluated by means of generalized spatial or temporal moments taking into account dissolved as well as aelsorbeel concentrations. However, natural aquifers show a wide range of spatial variability, In our work this heterogeneous structure is involved by considering spatial heterogeneity in the permeability field on the one siele, arid the adsorption pararneters on the other side. In all cases, the transport behavior is investigatcd by using a stochastic modeling approach. In the first part we investigate the transport in physically heterogeneous media. For mildly heterogeneous media we construct aperturbation theory around the homogeneous nonlinear theory and derive explicit expressions for asymptotic and transient large-scale transpurt pararneters. Asymptotically, we find that the large-scale parameters are exactly the same as for linearly adsorbing transport. Differences between transport with linear and nonlinear adsorption become apparent for transient times. The characteristic time or length scales required to reach the asymptotic regime depend on the degree of nonlinearity: the smaller the Freundlich exponent p, the larger the required characteristic time or travel distance. The theoretical results arc verificd twofold: in a serni-analytical and in a numerical approach, Here, we find an excellcnt agreement with the analytical predictions. The results are extended to strongly heterogeneous domains by using homogenization theory. Again, the largc-scalc parametcrs equal the results from linear transport theory. The reliability of the effective and cnsemble paramcters for reproduction of the large-scale transport behavior in heterogeneous domains is tested by means of an equivalent transport model. While the effective dispersive flux provides reliable results in localization approximation, the ensemble dispersive fiux has to be modeled in full nonlocal form not only for transient but also for asymptotic times. Our results imply that the ensemblc dispersive fiux never displays the actual dilution of the solute but only artifical ensemble mixing effects. In the secend part we cxtend our invcstigations to transport in a chernically heterogeneous medium. Hore, we start with evaluation of the effective large-scale transport behavior. In a homogenization theory approach we derive a general upscaling method using the total mass conservation of the solute. Our investigations show that the effective transport parameters, such as the effective dispersion coeffi-
D ec 2 02 0 Conformal bridge in a cosmic string background Luis Inzunza and

Hidden symmetries of non-relativistic so(2, 1) ∼= sl(2,R) invariant systems in a cosmic string background are studied using the conformal bridge transformation. Geometric properties of this background are analogous to those of a conical surface with a deficiency/excess angle encoded in the “geometrical parameter” α, determined by the linear positive/negative mass density of the string. The free particle and the harmonic oscillator on this background are shown to be related by the conformal bridge transformation. To identify the integrals of the free system, we employ a local canonical transformation that relates the model with its planar version. The conformal bridge transformation is then used to map the obtained integrals to those of the harmonic oscillator on the cone. Well-defined classical integrals in both models exist only at α = q/k with q, k = 1, 2, . , which for q > 1 are higher-order generators of finite nonlinear algebras. The systems are quantized for arbitrary values of α; however, the well-defined hidden symmetry operators associated with spectral degeneracies only exist when α is an integer, that reveals a quantum anomaly.
Pair correlations in an NACL-SPC water model simulations versus extended rism computations (Molecular Physics, Vol 77, Pg 769, 1992).

The ten pair correlation functions characterizing the equilibrium structure of a simple electrolyte such as NaCl-water and previously obtained for a NaCl-SPC water model within the extended RISM framework are tested against molecular dynamics, constrained dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations employing Ewald and reaction field schemes for a high-temperature, highpressure thermodynamic state where all these approaches become simultaneously feasible. The O-O, H-H, Cl-O, and Na-Na RISM correlations are in good agreement with the simulation data. The Na-O, Na-H, and Na-Cl results agree in phase, but the RISM peaks are too small. Distinct differences in the position of the first peak are observed in the case of the O-H, Cl-H, and Cl-Cl pair correlations. These results provide evidence that the main reason for these discrepancies are the statistical approximations involved in the extended RISM scheme.
Cavitation in liquid cryogens. 2: Hydrofoil

Boundary layer principles, along with two-phase concepts, are used to improve existing correlative theory for developed cavity data. Details concerning cavity instrumentation, data analysis, correlative techniques, and experimental and theoretical aspects of a cavitating hydrofoil are given. Both desinent and thermodynamic data, using liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, are reported. The thermodynamic data indicated that stable thermodynamic equilibrium exists throughout the vaporous cryogen cavities. The improved correlative formulas were used to evaluate these data. A new correlating parameter based on consideration of mass limiting two-phase flow flux across the cavity interface, is proposed. This correlating parameter appears attractive for future correlative and predictive applications. Agreement between theory and experiment is discussed, and directions for future analysis are suggested. The front half of the cavities, developed on the hydrofoil, may be considered as parabolically shaped.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Teucrium massiliense L.

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Teucrium massiliense L. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and the components identified were 34, mainly 3,7-dimethyloctan-2-one (15.2%), butyl 2-methylbutyrate (12.1%), linalool (10.6%), linalyl acetate (7.1%), zingiberene (4.7%), γ-cadinene (4.1%). The anti-oxidant activity of the oil was evaluated by the DPPH test, where the oil showed an effect comparable to Trolox, and by lipid peroxidation test, where the activity of the oil was three time less effective than that of Trolox.
Scale Up of Polygalacturonase Production by Solid State Fermentation Process

For fruit juices production with pomo (e.g. citrus), and red fruit (e.g. grape) extracts require addition of enzymes to convert viscous macerated or triturated fruit semi gelled (caused by the partial solubility of pectins and the ability high water retention of solids) to maximize the extraction of juice during pressing, subsequent step of process. Pectinases capable to de‐ grade pectins depolymerize with high methylation are more suitable and include endopoly‐ galacturonase and pectin metilesterease [7].
Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) Governs Microglia-Like BV2 Cell Migration via Progranulin (PGRN)

Microglia activation contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology, and microglia migration is a fundamental function during microglia activation. The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a powerful transcriptional factor, was found to play a neuroprotective role in AD. Despite its possible role in disease progression, little is known about whether REST participates in microglia migration. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of REST and its molecular basis during microglia migration under Aβ1-42-treated pathological conditions. When treated by Aβ1-42 REST was upregulated through JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in BV2 cells. And transwell coculture system was used to evaluate cell migration function of microglia-like BV2. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting progranulin (PGRN) were delivered into BV2 cells, and results showed that PGRN functions to promote BV2 migration. REST expression was inhibited by sh-RNA, which induced BV2 cell migration obviously. On the contrary, REST was overexpressed by REST recombinant plasmid transfection, which repressed BV2 cell migration, indicating that REST may act as a repressor of cell migration. To more comprehensively examine the molecular basis, we analyzed the promoter sequence of PGRN and found that it has the potential binding site of REST. Moreover, knocking-down of REST can increase the expression of PGRN, which confirms the inhibiting effect of REST on PGRN expression. Further detection of double luciferase reporter gene also confirmed the inhibition of REST on the activity of PGRN promoter, indicating that REST may be an inhibitory transcription factor of PGRN which governs microglia-like BV2 cell migration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that transcription factor REST may act as a repressor of microglia migration through PGRN.
PD-L1 expression in the microenvironment and the response to checkpoint inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), data from studies using checkpoint-inhibiting antibodies that target programmed death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) demonstrated outstanding clinical activity. Translational investigations also suggested some correlations between therapeutic response and PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue. We comprehensively summarize results that have evaluated PD-L1 expression in HNSCC. We discuss flaws and strength of current PD-1/PD-L1 detection, quantification methods and the evaluation of PD-L1 as a prognostic and theragnostic biomarker. Understanding tumor microenvironment may help understanding resistance to checkpoint inhibitors, designing clinical trials that can exploit drug combinations.
COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Assessment of How the Ethiopian Government has Executed Administrative Actions and Managed Risk Communications and Community Engagement

Introduction Highly communicable nature of the pandemic attributed the COVID-19 response in Ethiopia harsher and dangerous. It has been causing a huge fatality and death toll reported. Besides, a very swift transmission of viruses distributed within 213 countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this empirical study investigates all government and stakeholders’ effects in line with identifying the current status found in Ethiopia. Methods Qualitative approach of data collections and thematic analysis were used. Results The outcomes indicate that COVID-19 situations gain the highest momentum by increasing alarmingly. It shows significant differences after two months since March 2020 it has reported the first case in Ethiopia. The government took several measures ranging from public health emergency response to the state of emergency. The communication strategy and state of emergency are in place to reduce the prospective risks of COVID-19. The strategy segmented the population by tailoring activities of risk communication and community engagement at all levels. The government has strongly obtained various measures like lockdown and a state of emergency. However, it was not strict and has not been heavy-handed that much. Conclusion KAP’s practices are inadequate to fight and minimize the impacts of the pandemic. Such negligence among the public and related factors undermined the preparedness and responses towards COVID-19 in Ethiopia. New cases and deaths are non-stoppable. The government is using several strategies and need to strengthen those efforts to mobilize and upbeat the KAP’s of the public through different communication forms to reinforce the existing efforts and alleviate socio-cultural, political, economic factors to drive out COVID-19 among the people. The efforts are building and strengthening up to the standard level of KAP’s while enhancing and promoting existing strategies and the drawing of new documents by focusing on high-risk parts of the population.
Electrochemical characterization of aluminum A-356 metallic foams obtained from soluble perform infiltration

This study evaluates the electrochemical behavior of aluminum metal foams using electrochemical techniques such as polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Tests were performed in solutions of NaCl under hydrodynamic conditions. The polarization curves show that the overall process is controlled by the cathodic branch, where there is a clear dependence on transport of oxygen to the surface of metal. Furthermore, at low rotation rates the cathodic behavior of the metal foams is similar to a solid electrode, following a linear relationship between the current and the square root of the rotation rate. At high speeds it was found that the cathodic limiting current is much greater than for a solid electrode, and the relationship of the current limit with the square root of the rotation rate has a sigmoidal behavior. Electrochemical impedance curves show a linear behavior at very high frequencies followed by a capacitive loop at intermediate frequencies, this behavior is related to the charge transfer processes in a porous electrode. Additionally impedance diagrams show an inductive loop at low frequencies related to metal dissolution process.
H2 Emission Spectra with New Formation Pumping Models

It has been predicted that H2 newly formed on the surface of dust grains should be in highly vibrationally and rotationally excited states in the ground electronic state via the formation pumping mechanism. This suggests that the rovibrational emission spectrum of H2 may be detectable even in regions without a source of UV pumping or dynamical excitation. Moreover, the infrared H2 emission arising from formation pumping can be a new probe that will directly show us the spot where the evolution from H I clouds to H2 clouds occurs. In the present work, we investigate the pure effects of formation pumping in infrared H2 emission spectra with our new formation pumping models. We build up our formation pumping models for H2 newly formed on icy mantles, carbonaceous dust, and silicate dust, on the basis of the recent progress of basic studies about the H2 formation process on the surface of dust grains. Then, we calculate the H2 emission spectra with our new formation pumping models, considering the early stage of an evolving region from H I clouds to H2 clouds dominated by the H2 formation process on the surface of dust grains, of uniform H I density nH = 103 cm-3 and the gas temperature T = 10 K, in the cold interior of interstellar clouds under a weak ultraviolet (UV) radiation field. We find that the resulting infrared H2 emission spectra dominated by formation pumping can be discriminated from those dominated by UV pumping as well as have information about the property of dust. We also find that the fluxes of the most intense emission lines arising from formation pumping should be strong enough to be detected. In the wavelength range λ ≳ 1.6 μm, if the line intensities of many transitions from higher rotational states such as 1-0 S(3), 1-0 S(5), and 1-0 S(7) become stronger than that of the 1-0 S(1) transition, it should be the evidence of H2 emission arising from formation pumping. In the wavelength range λ ≲ 1.6 μm, if many transitions from higher vibrational states are detected, the emission should be originated from H2 newly formed on icy mantles or silicate dust. On the contrary, if not, the emission should be from H2 formed on carbonaceous dust.
Classification of the fragrance properties of chemical compounds based on support vector machine and linear discriminant analysis

Classification models of the fragrance properties of chemical compounds were performed using linear and non-linear models. The dataset was divided into three classes on the basis of their fragrances: apple, pineapple and rose. The three-class problem was first explored by a linear classifier approach, using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). A more accurate prediction model, the non-linear machine-learning technique, support vector machine (SVM), was subsequently investigated. Descriptors calculated from the molecular structures alone were used to represent the characteristics of compounds. The model containing four descriptors founded by SVM showed better predictive ability than LDA. The accuracy in the prediction for the three datasets was 96.6%, 80.0% and 100% for SVM, respectively. The results indicate that SVM can be used as a powerful modelling tool for QSAR studies and the selected descriptors can represent the fragrances of these chemical compounds. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Awareness of small scale poultry keepers on recommended antimicrobial withdrawal periods in chicken in Ilala municipal

Introduction In Tanzania commercial Chicken are frequently raised in conditions where there is high level of stress, diseases and poor nutrition. To overcome some of these, farmers excessively use antimicrobials in treatment and control of diseases. This might results in antimicrobial residues in meat and eggs of chicken. Objective To assess awareness of poultry keepers on antimicrobial withdrawal periods in chicken and human health hazards associated with antimicrobial residues in Ilala Municipal. Methodology Using descriptive cross sectional survey design,a total of 269 small scale poultry keepers were interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire to obtain information on awareness on recommended antimicrobial withdrawal periods, awareness on human health hazards associated with antimicrobial residues, antimicrobial usage and sources of information on awareness of poultry keepers on recommended antimicrobial withdrawal periods in Ilala Municipal. A two level multistage sampling technique was used to obtain required number of participants. Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software. Results The study results shows that the commonly used antimicrobials were tetracycline 75%, tylosin 52%, enrofloxacin 49.4%, sulphadiazine 29.7%, norfloxacin 13% and duoxycycline 24.2%. Out of 269 small scale poultry keepers, 199 (74%) poultry keepers were not aware of the drug withdrawal periods. The proportion of small scale poultry keepers who were aware on antimicrobial withdrawal period was significantly higher at (p<0.001) among those with higher level of education. Also 79% of small scale poultry keepers were not aware of the health effects associated with consumption of eggs and meat that contains antimicrobial residues. Awareness on the health effects varied significantly (p=0.001) with education level,
Effects on the removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by crab shell

The effects of temperature, pH, chitin and chitosan on Pb 2+ removal by crab shell were investigated. Pb 2+ removal by crab shell was greater than that of chitin and chitosan, indicating that chitin did not contribute to Pb 2+ removal by crab shell. The quantity and rate of Pb 2+ removal increased as the pH value increased. The rate of Pb 2+ removal increased with increased temperature, but the maximum amount of Pb 2+ removal was constant irrespective of temperature. Metal ions (K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) were released from crab shell concomitant with Pb 2+ removal by ion exchange. The amount of Ca 2+ released was greater than any for other metal ions in both Pb 2+ and Pb 2+ -free solutions. The amount of Ca 2+ released in Pb 2 solution was greater than that in Pb 2 -free solution, whereas CO 2 3 release in Pb 2+ solution was less than in Pb 2+ -free solution. Pb 2+ removal was mainly a consequence of dissolution of CaCO 3(s) with consequence precipitation of Pb 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2(s) and PbCO 3(s) . Pb 2+ accelerated the dissolution of CaCO 3(s) by ion exchange and the precipitation occurred both at the surface and in the inner part of the crab shell.
Swelling of Poly(methacrylic acid) Brushes: Influence of Monovalent Salts in the Environment

The swelling behavior of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes covalently attached to solid planar surfaces in aqueous solutions containing different monovalent salts was investigated with multiangle null ellipsometry. The polymer chains were grown in situ from the surface by surface-initiated polymerization using a surface-attached initiator (“grafting from” method). The swelling of the PMAA brushes was measured as a function of pH value, concentration of added low molecular weight salt, and the grafting density of the surface-attached polymer brushes. At pH values between 4 and 10, the brush thickness initially increases and then decreases with increasing concentration of added salt; i.e., a maximum of brush thickness appears at a medium salt concentration. The influence of the chemical nature of different monovalent co- and counterions on the swelling behavior of the brushes is studied.