Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Bubble Size in Flotation of Coarse and Fine Particles—A Review

Abstract Froth flotation is the dominating mineral beneficiation technique and has achieved great commercial success. This process has also found many applications in other industries where physical separation of materials is needed. However, its high process efficiency is often limited to a narrow particle size range of approximately 10–100 µm. Considerable efforts have been made to extend this size range to the lower limit of a few microns, even submicrons, and the upper limit of 1–2 mm, in response to increased needs for higher process efficiency and expanded applications of flotation. The particle–bubble collision, attachment, and detachment are the most critical steps in the flotation process. These individual elementary processes (microprocesses) and their effects on flotation efficiency are discussed and the most recent findings are reviewed. The low flotation recovery of fine particles is mainly due to the low probability of bubble–particle collision, while the main reason for poor flotation recovery of coarse particles is the high probability of detachment of particles from the bubble surface. Fundamental analysis indicated that use of smaller bubbles is the most effective approach to increase the probability of collision and reduce the probability of detachment.
Cyclodextrins for desorption and solubilization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its metabolites from soil.

Heptakis-2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) (1% w/w solutions) were investigated for their ability to desorb 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), and 2,4-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT) from two artificially contaminated soils (an organic rich topsoil and an illite shale). The DMβCD (which is highly surface active) was more effective than HPβCD (negligible surface activity) for desorption of the three nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) from the two soils. The efficiency of both CDs for NAC removal from topsoil decreased with increasing amino substitution (i.e. TNT > 4-ADNT > 2,4-DANT), whereas for illite the efficiency generally decreased with increasing nitro substitution (i.e. TNT < 4-ADNT. 2,4-DANT). In general, the NAC removal efficiency increased with decreases in the sorption capacity constant (Kds). The two CDs were also assessed for their ability to remove TNT from a highly contaminated topsoil (5265 mg/kg) obtained from a for.
Significant changes in yields of 7-hydroxy-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid produced under FLASH radiotherapy conditions

FLASH radiotherapy appears to kill off tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues, by irradiation at ultra high dose rate (>40 Gy s−1). The present study aims to clarify the mechanism of the sparing effect by proton irradiation under the FLASH conditions from a viewpoint of radiation chemistry. To do so, we evaluate radiation chemical yields (G values) of 7-hydroxy-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7OH–C3CA), which is produced by water radiolysis using coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (C3CA) solution as a radical scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. We shoot 27.5 MeV protons in the dose rate ranging from 0.05 to 160 Gy s−1. The recombination process of hydroxyl radicals produced is followed by varying the concentration of C3CA from 0.2 to 20 mM, which corresponds to the scavenging time scale from 7.1 to 714 ns. The G value of 7OH–C3CA produced decreases with increasing dose rate on the same scavenging time scale. Additionally, the trend of the relative G value normalized at a scavenging time scale of 100 ns, where radical–radical reaction subsides, is consistent in the examined dose rate range. This finding implies that G values of 7OH–C3CA produced reduce with increasing dose rate due to the oxygen depletion. We experimentally present that the sparing effect for healthy tissues would be seen even with a proton beam under the FLASH conditions due to the depletion of oxygen.
The rate of miR-146a rs2910164 mutations in patients with lung cancer: a meta-analytic review

Background Worldwide, lung cancer has become the most common cancer type and lung cancer gradually becomes the leading cause of cancer death. MiR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism might be associated with the susceptibility to lung cancer. This article will discuss the rate of miR-146 rs2910164 mutation in lung cancer and normal people. Methods We searched the relevant published literature from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2019, in English or Chinese, using the PubMed, Medline, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases. Two reviewers extracted data from eligible studies in duplicate with a standard data collection form and reached a consensus on each item. All analyses were performed using the Review Manager. Results In conclusion, the frequency of miR-146a GC genotype mutation in normal people and patients with lung cancer is 44% and 47% respectively and the rate of miR-146a CC genotype mutation in the normal people and patients with lung cancer is 17% and 22% respectively. What’s more, the frequency of miR-146a C allele mutation in normal people and patients with lung cancer is 40% and 46% respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, we can find that the mutation rate of the lung cancer group is higher than the normal people. In the lung cancer group, we can find that the rate of mutation is highest in Italians and lowest in Indians, both in genotypes and in allele C, in which there are significant differences. Chinese and Koreans have similar mutation rates.
Nitrite and the two stages of nitrification in nitrogen polluted Onondaga Lake, New York

Nitrite (NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}}) concentrations in the upper waters of N polluted Onondaga Lake, New York, are documented for the April through October interval for a 10-yr (1989--1998) period. Inputs of NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} from a domestic waste treatment facility (METRO) and tributaries (4) to the lake are quantified for four of the years (1991--1994). The NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} concentrations measured in Onondaga Lake are some of the highest reported for lakes and rivers in the literature. These levels represent severe violations of toxicity standards. Annual average concentrations in the METRO effluent ranged from 412 to 1097 mg N m{sup {minus}3}. The METRO load represented {gt}90% of the total external NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} load to the lake. A mechanistic mass balance model for NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} and NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} is developed and applied for the lake to identify occurrences, and quantify the rates, of the first and second stages of nitrification. Nitrite is found to behave in a nearly conservative manner in the upper waters of the lake over the April to July interval. The progressive increases in concentrations over this interval have been largely in response to inputs from METRO. Major deviations from conservative behavior occurred for NO{submore » 2}{sup {minus}} in most years over the July to October interval as a result of the irregular operation of the two stages of the nitrification process. This has been manifested as large and abrupt changes in NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} concentration in the July to October interval. Potential factors responsible for the observed dynamics in nitrification and the NO{sub 2}{sup {minus}} pool are considered. « less
Transition-metal chemistry of main-group hydrazides. Part 2. A new oxime thiosemicarbazide framework as a novel SN multifunctional tripodal ligand for palladium(II): synthetic and X-ray crystal structural investigations

Thiosemicarbazide reacted with butane-2,3-dione oxime to give a Schiff-base product HL via the selective reaction of the hydrazine nitrogen atom. The ligating properties of this new oxime thiosemicarbazide ligand L with palladium(II) were investigated and in the complex [PdL(Cl)] 1 the palladium(II) atom is bound in a trimodal, cis arrangement to the oxime nitrogen, hydrazine nitrogen and the sulfur centre. The crystal structure of complex 1 further reveals that the oxime thiosemicarbazide HL has reacted with [PdCl2(PhCN)2] presumably via the elimination of HCl, in the thiol rather than the thione form. The hydrogen-bonding interaction of the oxime hydrogen that caused HL to be a dimer in the solid state is lost upon complexation with palladium(II), giving complex 1 a monomeric structure. X-Ray crystal data; for HL, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a= 11.082(4), b= 12.679(2), c= 6.101(2)A, Z= 4, R= 0.044 and R′= 0.064; 1, triclinic, space group P, a= 7.660(3), b= 12.972(5), c= 22.325(8)A, α= 89.26(3), β= 81.53(3), γ= 84.75(3)°, Z= 8, R= 0.045 and R′= 0.064.
Chalcopyrite/defect chalcopyrite heterojunctions on the basis of CuInSe2

A new model for the formation of heterojunctions in polycrystalline CuInSe2 thin films on the basis of surface analysis experiments is presented. In situ photoemission measurements of CuInSe2 clearly show the existence of an In‐rich n‐type surface layer on samples relevant for solar‐cell devices. Furthermore, this layer has been identified as an ordered vacancy compound (OVC) with a band gap of about 1.3 eV. The previous model of the CuInSe2/CdS solar cell with a p‐n heterojunction between p‐type CuInSe2 and n‐type CdS is replaced by the model of a chalcopyrite/defect chalcopyrite heterojunction between p‐type bulk CuInSe2 and the In‐rich n‐type OVC. The existence of this junction was proven directly by evaporating an ohmic metal contact onto the surface n‐type layer and measuring the spectral quantum efficiency and electron‐beam‐induced current of this device. The band offsets of CuInSe2‐based devices have been determined.
Estimativa da área foliar de Mesosphaerum suaveolens a partir de relações alométricas

Resumo A determinação da área foliar é de fundamental importância em estudos ecofisiológicos que buscam entender a relação planta-ambiente. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa determinar uma equação alométrica que permita estimar a área foliar de Mesosphaerum suaveolens a partir de medidas lineares do limbo foliar (comprimento e/ou largura). Coletaram-se 900 limbos foliares aleatórios de diferentes formas e tamanhos, em uma área de Caatinga antropizada, localizada no município de Santa Luzia, estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil. Para a construção das equações alométricas utilizaram-se os seguintes modelos de regressão: linear, linear sem intercepto, quadrático, cúbico, potência e exponencial. O modelo linear sem intercepto utilizando o produto entre comprimento e largura (C.L) foi o mais indicado para estimar a área foliar de M. suaveolens, com maior coeficiente de determinação (R2) e índice de concordância de Willmott (d), menor erro absoluto médio (MAE), critério de informação de Akaike (AIC) e raiz do quadrado médio do erro (RQME), e índice BIAS mais próximo de zero (R2 = 0,9971; d = 0,9989; MAE = 0,422; AIC = 2094,69; RQME = 0,770; BIAS = -0,0105). A área foliar de M. suaveolens pode ser estimada satisfatoriamente pela equação AF = 0,6787*(C.L).
Social Sustainability in Adolescents’ Music Event Attendance

This study focuses on social sustainability of music events in adolescents’ lives through their perceptions and own words as they describe their live music experiences. Scrutinizing music event attendance from the social sustainability perspective demonstrates that the cultural content per se is not as meaningful as the social network that comes together in such events. The research questions were: How is social sustainability manifested in adolescents’ music event attendance, and what are the implications? The research data comprised the results of a web survey directed at 15–18 year old adolescents. Bonding and bridging, as well as the sense of community, were present in adolescents’ descriptions of live music experiences, producing various forms of well-being effects. The sense of belonging was almost missing from the narratives, which suggests that how adolescents consume music has a decaying interest in the grassroots culture that fosters the sense of belonging. This has major implications for the development of popular culture.
Potentiality of Diethylamine as Agent of Deproteination and Deacetylation in the Extraction of Chitosan from Scylla serrata Shell

The potentiality of diethylamine as deproteination and deacetylation agent in the extraction of chitosan from Scylla serrata (giant mud crab) shell was investigated. The aim was to find an alternative agent to inorganic alkalis as possible replacement for use in the production of high quality chitosan with the right stability. Pretreatment of the shell was carried out and followed by demineralization using hydrochloric acid. Diethylamine was used for deproteination and deacetylation by modifying some published protocols. Moisture, ash, fat and protein contents of the extracts were determined using their respective standard methods. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique was used for spectroscopic analysis. Scylla serrata shell was composed of 14.25% protein, 32.84% mineral (CaCO 3 ), 31.52% chitin and 21.39% chitosan. Moisture, ash, fat and protein contents of chitin extracted from Scylla serrata shell were 2.35%, 3.03%, 1.79% and 3.85% respectively while those of chitosan were 1.65%, 3.84%, 0.53% and 2.80% respectively. Degree of deacetylation (DDA) and carbon to nitrogen ratio were 69.24% and 5.67 respectively. FTIR spectra of the extracted chitin and chitosan from Scylla serrata showed the presence of some active compounds of carbonyl, amide, amine and hydroxyl groups. However, CH 3 waging along chain (952 cm -1 ), CO stretching at 1026 cm -1 and 1073 cm -1 , and amide II band (1563 cm -1 ) were not found in the extracted chitin while HPO 4 2- and amide III were also not found in the extracted chitosan. These moieties were present in the standard chitin and chitosan respectively. This study has shown that diethylamine (organic base) has great potential as agent of deproteination and deacetylation in the extraction of chitosan from Scylla serrata . Consequently, academic activity in the area of investigation of the stability of the extracted chitosan from Scylla serrata using diethylamine as deproteination and deacetylation agent is strongly recommended. Keywords : Diethylamine, deproteination, deacetylation, chitin and chitosan, Scylla serrata shell. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/12-7-07 Publication date: October 31st 2020
Measuring Changes in Poverty with Deep Learning and Satellite Imagery

Timely and accurate data about local wealth is essential in the global ﬁght against poverty to allocate resources efﬁciently. In many countries, such data is unavailable or outdated. To close this information gap, predicting local poverty with day-time satellite imagery and machine learning has shown promising results. While this approach excels at predicting relative levels of local poverty, it is, however, unclear if it can also be used to monitor changes in poverty over time. In this paper, we test this property and ﬁnd that the approach struggles to capture changes in local development in Rwanda from 2005 to 2015. The strategy predicts no change in average wealth levels even though Rwanda has seen large reductions in local poverty in this period. To be able to detect the impact of interventions on poverty over time, further reﬁnement of this method might be necessary
IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS ROOTS

Objective: The objective of present study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus roots (liliaceae). Material and methods: The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of A. racemosus was determined by using a method based on the reduction of methanolic solution of coloured-free radical 1, 1 diphenyl-1-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The radical scavenging activity of tested sample was expressed as an inhibition percentage. Butylated hydroxyl toluene was used as reference standard. The absorbances of all the dilutions were taken after 30 minutes at λ max 517 nm using methanol as blank. Results and Discussion: The IC 50 value of A. racemosus was 4158.8 whereas butylated hydroxyl toluene used as a standard showed an IC 50 of 46. 25µg. The absorbance of samples (Methanolic extract of A. racemosus and standard Butylated hydroxytoluene) were taken in triplicate. Conclusion: The present study showed that the methnolic extract of roots of A. racemosus have moderate free radical scavenging activity.
Risk preferences: are students a reasonable sample to make inferences about the decision-making of finance professionals?

By volume, finance professionals make most financial decisions. However, the experimental literature on risk preferences generally uses students in the lab. If these two groups present systematic differences, the transposition of the experimental results to the real world might be compromised. We investigated whether the risk preferences of wealth advisers differ from those of students in the lab and students in an online experiment. The risk aversion and probability weighting of these groups do not differ significantly. However, male wealth advisers are more loss averse than both samples of male students before considering age. After controlling for age, we find that female wealth advisers are less loss averse than female students. Therefore, we advise some prudence when generalizing experimental results obtained from students to finance professionals for situations in which losses are important. The direct transposition of experimental results from students to finance professionals does not call for such caution when dealing with decisions in the gain domain.
Psychometric properties of a resilience scale in family caregivers of older adults

Caring for an elder relative has been studied not only as a stress generating circumstance and a loss of well-being for the caregiver but also, from the perspective of positive psychology, as the study of caregivers’ dispositions to respond to difficulties experienced in a resilient manner. The aim of this study was to test the construct validity of a resilience inventory employing exploratory and confirmatory procedures. To that end, data were collected from two independent samples of family caregivers of older adults in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico: 125 caregivers aged 19 to 73 years (Mage = 47.8, SD = 12) to perform exploratory factor analyses and 160 caregivers aged 19 to 82 years (Mage = 48.7, SD = 13) to conduct confirmatory factor analyses. The analyses revealed two clear and statistically robust dimensions in the RESI with 12 items: instrumental resilience and emotional resilience. This study shows that RESI is a valid instrument to assess resilience in a Mexican population of family caregivers of older adults.
Use of tocilizumab in a patient with severe COVID-19 in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana: a case report

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has rapidly spread globally with significant negative impact on health. There is an urgent need for a drug or vaccine certified for treating and preventing COVID-19 respectively. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 monoclonal receptor antibody, has been used in some centers for mitigating the severe inflammatory response seen in patients with severe COVID-19 with encouraging results. To the best of our knowledge, reports detailing the outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 undergoing treatment with tocilizumab are sparse in sub-Saharan Africa. We describe the clinical and laboratory profile, chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan findings and clinical outcome in a Ghanaian patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab. A 54-year-old hypertensive male presented with fever, productive cough, pleuritic chest pain and breathlessness. He tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by polymerase chain reaction analysis done on a nasopharyngeal swab sample. His respiratory symptoms worsened while on admission despite receiving standard of care. His C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated to 80.59mg/L and chest CT scan findings were indicative of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. He was treated with a single 400mg dose of intravenous tocilizumab with a positive clinical outcome, rapid decline in CRP and improvement in chest CT findings. Our experience shows that tocilizumab shows great promise as drug therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Preparation and characterisation of bioplastics made from cottonseed protein

Cottonseed protein bioplastics (CPBs) from cottonseed flour were successfully prepared by hot-press molding in the presence of urea, aldehydes and glycerol. The effect of cross-linking treatment on the thermal stability, water absorption resistance and mechanical strength was investigated, and found to improve all properties. Increasing glycerol concentration resulted in a decrease in denaturation and α-relaxation temperature of the cottonseed protein as well as storage modulus of the plasticised CPBs. Interestingly, the colour and odor of the CPBs before and after hot compression changed. The mechanism proposed involved urea induced protein denaturation and Maillard-driven generation of the cross-linked structure, both in thermal and alkaline processed conditions. According to Fickian diffusivity, liquid transport and liquid permeability, chemical interactions and physical transport processes are responsible for the different water transport behaviours in the CPBs and the cross-linked CPBs, respectively. These findings could provide valuable in-depth information for tailoring the properties of the environmentally sustainable CPBs, which are attractive for low-load bearing applications, such as agriculture, packing and garden amenities, etc.
Wood properties and simulated modulus of elasticity of glulam in three fast-growing tree species grown in community forests in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia

Community forests in Indonesia are important suppliers of wood resources for the wood industry. In the present study, stress-wave velocity of stems, log characteristics (taper, green density, and dynamic Young ʼ s modulus), and wood properties (basic density, compressive strength parallel to grain, modulus of elasticity [MOE], and modulus of rupture [MOR]) were investigated for three fast-growing tree species grown in community forests in Indonesia: Acacia mangium Willd. , Maesopsis eminii Engl. , and Melia azedarach L. Based on the bending properties, the MOE values of laminae (30 × 150 mm in cross-section) and glulam (six layers, 90 × 150 mm in cross-section) were simulated. The mean values of simulated MOE in the laminae were 8.93, 6.82, and 8.63 GPa for A. mangium , M. eminii , and M. azedarach , respectively. When the laminae from a species were randomly laminated, the simulated MOE values of glulam were 8.94, 6.82, and 8.66 GPa for A. mangium, M. eminii , and M. azedarach, respectively. When laminae with a high, medium, and low MOE were laminated at outer, middle, and inner layers of glulam, respectively, the simulated MOE values of glulam increased by about 5 % to 15 % compared to the values of a randomly laminated one. It is concluded that glulam with a high MOE can be produced from fast-growing tree species grown in community forests in Indonesia.