Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Factors Affecting the Healing of Rectovaginal Fistula

Rectovaginal fistula is rare, but a severe complication in gynecology, which despite the effort of clinicians is still not treated successfully in many cases. According to statistics, the healing rates of surgery in patients with RVF range from 20 to 100%. The treatment effectiveness depends on the etiology of fistula, the age of the patients, the presence of comorbidities, the type of surgery and many other factors. Considering the low efficiency of treatment and the high risk of recurrence, the question of possible methods to improve the results occurs. In our review, we analyzed both modifiable and non-modifiable factors which may influence the treatment, healing rate and future fate of the patients. Taking into account all analyzed risk factors, including age, comorbidities, smoking status, microbiology, medications, stoma and stool features, we are aware that rectovaginal fistula’s treatment must be individualized and holistic. In cases of poorly healing RVF, the drainage of feces, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis or the implementation of estrogen therapy may be useful. Moreover, microbiome research in women with RVF and towards estrogen therapy should be performed in order to create treatment algorithms in women with fistulae. Those interventions, in our opinion, may significantly improve the outcome of the patients.
The Influence of Financial Literacy, Attitude toward Debt, Risk Perception, and Religiosity on Financial Satisfaction (Study on Bank Employees in East Java)

Purpose: to contribute to further research on the conceptualization of financial satisfaction as a specific individual satisfaction domain based on subjective behavioral studies using a judgment approach. Financial Satisfaction is mostly studied based on standard economic theory which uses an objective approach in determining individual satisfaction with their financial conditions such as income, socio-demography, socio-capital, and socio-economy. This research examines several subjective variables in the form of judgment and examines the integrated relationship between these variables such as financial literacy, risk perception, attitudes toward debt, and religiosity. Method: The sample for this research was 100 bank employees in East Java using a random sampling method. The analysis technique used is SEM PLS. Result: The results show that financial literacy influences financial satisfaction among bank employees in East Java. Likewise, attitudes toward debt and religiosity also show an influence on financial satisfaction. Meanwhile, risk perception has no effect on financial satisfaction among bank employees in East Java.
On the impact of an offshore bathymetric anomaly on surf zone rip channels

[1] We use a nonlinear morphodynamic model to demonstrate that the presence of a single persistent offshore bathymetric anomaly strongly affects the formation, nonlinear evolution and saturation of surf zone rip channels. In the case of an offshore bump or trough and waves with oblique incidence, a rip channel shoreward of the anomaly is enforced by the more seaward alongshore variability in depth. The degree of rip channel enforcement is controlled by the strength of the rotational nature of surf zone rip current circulations, which is, in turn, driven by differential broken wave energy dissipation induced by wave refraction across the offshore bathymetric anomaly. The alongshore location of this forced rip channel is more stable with increasing offshore anomaly amplitude, decreasing offshore wave obliquity and decreasing bathymetric anomaly distance to the shore. Simulations show that rip channel behavior downdrift and updrift of the offshore perturbation are different. In our numerical experiments, downdrift rip channels have systematically larger alongshore scales, smaller alongshore migration rates and more erosive megacusps than those updrift. Rip channels therefore self-organize into patterns of different alongshore scales and migration rates as a result of an alongshore perturbation in the wave forcing enforced by wave refraction across an offshore bathymetric anomaly. These simulations are qualitatively corroborated by video observations of sandbar behavior during a down-state sequence at a site with a persistent offshore trough.
Persistence of Demersal Fish Assemblages Between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia, Northwest Atlantic

Persistent spatial boundaries and species membership of groundfish assemblages between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia from 1967 to 1988 were described based on Northeast Fisheries Science Center autumn bottom trawl surveys. Responses of several of those assemblages to perturbation by fisheries were also described. Cluster analysis was used to identify site groups with similar species composition and species groups with similar spatial distributions for each year. Assemblage responses were tracked by subregion over time, based on mean and percentage of total-biomass-per-tow by species and indices of species diversity. Six major site groups were defined with cluster analysis in most years. Major differences in site group boundary patterns were observed between northern site groups (Scotian Shelf, Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank) and southern site groups (Northern MidAtlantic Bight, Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight and Deepwater). Northern site groups were characterized by sharp boundaries which persisted in the same area from year to year and corresponded to depth features. Boundaries of southern site groups shifted from year to year probably reflecting an increased influence of temperature-related oceanographic features. Membership in major species groups was highly persistent in time. Assemblages concentrated in northern subregions exhibited strong persistence in terms of spatial distributions as well. Although species group affiliations have persisted over time, the response of species groups to fishery perturbation varied among groups. Assemblages concentrated in northern regions did not appear resilient under fishery perturbation in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank subregions. Although comparable data were unavailable to characterize fishery perturbation in the Mid-Atlantic Bight area, during the same period that abundance of northern species groups continued to decline or remained at low levels, some migratory or potentially temperature-responsive species groups appeared to have extended their distributions northward, increased abundance, or both. Because many of these species are piscivorous and relatively underexploited, the result may be the potential addition of trophic linkages among assemblage groups as predator-prey interactions. Reversibility of fishery effects on productivity of less resilient assemblages will depend on the strength of trophic linkages both within and between assemblage production units that previously may have been uncoupled or only loosely coupled.
Prevalência sorológica de Leptospira spp. em bovinos leiteiros na microrregião de Francisco Beltrão

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of serovars of Leptsopira spp. in the microregion of Francisco Beltrao, providing new information and demonstrating the economical importance of the Leptospirosis. Sera samples (n = 312) collected in bovines Holstein Friesian breed reared at the microregion of Francisco Beltrao, state of Parana (Brazil), were used in this study. A frequency of 41.35% of reagent animals for at least one serovar was detected. The overall frequency for all serovars was the follows: Icterohaemorrhagiae 4.65%, Pomona 3.10%, Hardjo 81.39%, Wolffi 29.46%, Grippotyphosa 6.98%, Butembo 5.43%. These data revealed that cow’s milk from the microregion of Francisco Beltrao present a high number of serovars of Leptospira spp. showing the importance of the serological knowledge of this disease.
Seasonal variations in soil respiration and temperature sensitivity under three land-use types in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin

CO(2) emissions from soils were measured under 3 land-use types at the adjacent plots of forest plantation, grassland, and cropland from January 2005 to December 2006. Mean soil CO(2) efflux rates measured during the 2-year study varied from 59 to 527 mg CO(2)/m(2). h in forest plantation, 37 to 498 mg CO(2)/m(2). h in grassland, and 32 to 397 mg CO(2)/m(2). h in cropland. Soil respiration in the 3 types of land-use showed a similar seasonal pattern in variation during both years, in which the single-peaked curve occurred in early summer and the minimum in winter. In particular, the date of maximum soil CO(2) efflux rate in cropland occurred about 30 days earlier than in forest and grassland in both 2005 and 2006. The relationship of soil respiration rate (R) with soil temperature (T) and soil moisture (W) fitted well to the equation R = beta(0)e(beta 1T)W(beta 2) (a, b, c were constants) than other univariate models which consider soil water content or soil temperature alone. Soil temperature and soil moisture together explained 69-92% of the temporal variation in soil respiration in the 3 land-use types. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q(10)) was affected positively by soil moisture of top 0.1m layer and negatively by soil temperature at 0.05m depth. The relationship between Q(10) values and soil temperature (T) or soil moisture (W) indicated that a 1 degrees C increase in soil temperature at 0.05m depth will reduce the Q(10) value by 0.07, 0.05, and 0.06 in forest, grassland, and cropland, respectively. Similarly, a 1% decrease in soil moisture of the top 0.1m layer will reduce the Q(10) value by 0.10, 0.09, and 0.11 in forest, grassland, and cropland.
Environmental Analogs in the Search for Stress-Tolerant Landscape Plants

This paper reviews briefly the climatic and edaphic factors related to tree adaptation. Photoperiod regimens, the timing and severity of low temperatures, and high temperaturemoisture interactions all are important climatic determinants of adaptation for which adequate data have been widely recorded. Edaphic factors that injure trees in managed environments are more difficult to extrapolate to natural systems, but natural soils that are poorly drained, calcareous, alkaline, or saline may be initial foci for seeking tough trees. A project to identify promising new landscape plants for the north-central United States, by examining climatic, edaphic, and floristic factors in Eastern Europe, is presented as a case study.
Permian bivalves of the Taciba Formation, Itararé Group, Paraná Basin, and their biostratigraphic significance

Instituto de Biociencias, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio Mesquita Filho", Campus de Botucatu, UNESP/Botucatu, Distrito de Rubiao Junior s/n, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
Cluster Observation on the Latitudinal Distribution of Magnetic Pc5 Pulsations in the Inner Magnetosphere

Ultralow frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc5 band are ubiquitous in the inner magnetosphere and can impact radiation belt dynamics by interacting with electrons through drift or drift‐bounce resonance. In this paper, based on ∼ 19 years of Cluster measurements, we perform a comprehensive study of the three‐dimensional distribution of poloidal, toroidal, and compressional ULF waves from L = 4 to 10, for magnetic latitudes (MLAT) up to Ultralow frequency ±50°, and in all magnetic local times (MLT). The distribution of the Pc5 ULF wave power is found to vary greatly as a function of L and MLT. For all L and MLT sectors, wave power of the poloidal and toroidal modes of the magnetic field increase with increasing |MLAT|, while the compressional mode decreases with increasing |MLAT|. The dawn–dusk asymmetries of wave power in poloidal and toroidal modes are more pronounced at higher |MLAT|. Furthermore, the wave power for Kp > 2 is approximately 2.93, 3.21, and 3.42 times greater than the wave power for Kp ≤ 2, respectively for compressional, poloidal and toroidal components. The information on the latitudinal distributions of ULF waves presented in this paper is important for future investigations on the radial diffusion process of radiation belt electrons with non‐90° pitch angles while they bounce away from the magnetic equator.
AN ANALYSIS ON FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE OF SONG LYRICS OF ADELE’S ALBUM ENTITLED “25”

Figurative language is a language that uses expressions with different meanings from literal interpretations. This research used thirteen types of figurative language. They are hyperbole, simile, metaphor, personification, irony, metonymy, synecdoche, litotes, symbol, paradox, allegory, antithesis, and sarcasm. This research focuses on analyzing the types of figurative language found on the album entitled “25” by Adele. The objectives of this research are to find out the types and meaning of figurative language of the song lyrics on the album entitled “25” and to find out the most dominant figurative language used in the song lyrics in the album entitled "25". In this research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research show nine types of figurative language in the song lyrics. They are hyperbole 19,04%, simile 14,28%, metaphor 4,76%, personification 9,52%, metonymy 14,28%, symbol 9,52%, litotes 4,76%, paradox 9,52%, and allegory 9,52%. The dominant figurative language is hyperbole. It is used to compose beautiful sentences that will give a dramatic impression and can emphasize emotions.
The use of burial diagenetic calcite cements to determine the controls upon hydrocarbon emplacement and mineralization on a carbonate platform, Derbyshire, England

Abstract Late diagenetic calcite cements in the Upper Dinantian limestones of the Derbyshire Platform are contemporaneous with both hydrocarbon emplacement and Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) mineralization. Calcite cementation began during the progressive burial of the Derbyshire Platform and the surrounding basins, principally within fractures generated during the waning effects of Upper Carboniferous extension. Six burial calcite cements can be recognized in dilational vein systems. Successive veins contain progressively more mature hydrocarbon inclusions, and calcite cements are intergrown with fluorite, baryte, galena and sphalerite in increasing quantities. Compacting Dinantian-Namurian shales in basins adjacent to the platform offer the most likely sources of fluids, trace elements and hydrocarbons. Fluids entered the platform along major fault systems, and circulated using smaller fracture systems, precipitating calcite. The final phases of calcite cementation and the main phase of MVT mineralization coincided with the onset of the Variscan Orogeny. A model is now established relating fluid flow to Variscan tectonic events in northern Britain.
Comparison of statistical and artificial neural network techniques for estimating past sea surface temperatures from planktonic foraminifer census data

We present the first detailed and rigorous comparison of six different computational techniques used to reconstruct sea surface temperatures (SST) from planktonic foraminifer census data. These include the Imbrie-Kipp transfer functions (IKTF), the modern analog technique (MAT), the modern analog technique with similarity index (SIMMAX), the revised analog method (RAM), and, for the first time, a set of back propagation artificial neural networks (ANN) trained on a large faunal data set, including a modification where geographical information was added among the input variables (ANND). By training the techniques on an identical database, we were able to explore the differences in SST reconstructions resulting solely from the use of different mathematical methods. The comparison indicates that while the IKTF technique consistently shows the worst performance, ANN and RAM perform slightly better than MAT and that the inclusion of the geographical information into the training database (SIMMAX and ANND) further improves the accuracy of modern SST estimates. However, when applied to an independent validation data set and an additional fossil data set, the results did not conform to this ranking. The largest differences in the reconstructed SST values occurred between groups of techniques with different approaches to SST reconstruction; that is, ANN and ANND produced SST reconstructions significantly different from those produced by RAM, SIMMAX, and MAT. The application of the various techniques to the validation data set, which allowed comparison of SST reconstructions with instrumental records, suggests that artificial neural networks might provide better paleo-SST estimates than the other techniques.
Simple impact crater shape determination from shadows

Crater depths, often obtained from shadow measurements, have long been used for several purposes in planetary science. However, the usual method for obtaining depth from shadow length suffers from several drawbacks and limitations. Chappelow and Sharpton (2002) introduced a much improved shadow method, which has the advantages of giving some shape information (as well as depth), and is not limited to shadows that cross the crater bottom. However, it is not general, in that it only gives very approximate crater shape information, in terms of three special cases (parabolic, conical, or flat‐floored). Here, I present a completely generalized method, valid for any conic section shaped crater, and give a proof of concept and demonstration of its use, using Linne crater as a test case. In the process, I find that Linne is neither parabolic nor conical, and that it contains approximately 20 m of bottom fill, which forms a flat floor. I also conclude that the long‐used parabolic paradigm for the shapes of simple craters may need to be revised.
Mid‐Holocene land‐surface conditions in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula: A data set for the analysis of biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system

Large changes in the extent of northern subtropical arid regions during the Holocene are attributed to orbitally forced variations in monsoon strength and have been implicated in the regulation of atmospheric trace gas concentrations on millenial timescales. Models that omit biogeophysical feedback, however, are unable to account for the full magnitude of African monsoon amplification and extension during the early to middle Holocene (˜9500–5000 years B.P.). A data set describing land‐surface conditions 6000 years B.P. on a 1° × 1° grid across northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula has been prepared from published maps and other sources of palaeoenvironmental data, with the primary aim of providing a realistic lower boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation model experiments similar to those performed in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project. The data set includes information on the percentage of each grid cell occupied by specific vegetation types (steppe, savanna, xerophytic woods/scrub, tropical deciduous forest, and tropical montane evergreen forest), open water (lakes), and wetlands, plus information on the flow direction of major drainage channels for use in large‐scale palaeohydrological modeling. The data set is available in digital form by anonymous ftp.
Kinetic simulations of electric field structure within magnetic island during magnetic reconnection and their applications to the satellite observations

Magnetic islands are considered to play a crucial role in collisionless magnetic reconnection. We use particle‐in‐cell simulations to investigate electric field Ez structure in the magnetic islands (including primary and secondary islands) with and without a guide field during magnetic reconnection. It is found that the electric field has multilayers in the primary island and a large bipolar structure in the secondary island in the absence of guide field. The electric field is provided by the Hall term (J × B)z (mainly), the divergence of electron pressure tensor, and the convective term (Vi × B)z in the outer and the inner region of primary island, while the electric field is much smaller (~0) in the middle and the core region of primary island due to the cancelation of the three terms. The single bipolar electric field is primarily provided by the Hall term in the secondary island. In the presence of a guide field, the electric field has multiple layers in the primary island (similar to zero guide field case) and the secondary island. However, there still exists one single large sharp bipolar structure of electric field in the central region of the secondary island. The differences of electric field in the primary and secondary islands are essentially due to the variations of the current Jy. These features can be used as the observational criteria to identify different types of magnetic islands in the magnetosphere using the data of future mission, such as the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission.
Shell structures in Carboniferous bactritid-like coleoids (Cephalopoda) from South Central USA

Morphological features of the shell including internal structures of the phragmocones of three different bactritoid cephalopod taxa assigned to the Order Bactritida: Bactrites quadrilineatus, Ctenobactrites lesliensis (L. Carboniferous) and the Order Parabactritida: Rugobactrites jacksboroensis (U. Carboniferous) were studied. The material comes from South Central USA. The features examined include the conch shape, siphuncle shape and ultrastructure of the shell wall, septa, septal neck and the connecting ring. These traits were then compared with Shimanskya postremus from Upper Carboniferous of Texas, which has been originally referred to bactritids and later placed within the coleoids in the Order Spirulida. Based on similarities and differences observed, B. quadrilineatus and C. lesliensis are now also considered being coleoids similar to S. postremus; R. jacksboroensis remains placed in the Order Parabactritida.
On forward and inverse uncertainty quantification for a model for a magneto mechanical device involving a hysteresis operator

Modeling real world objects and processes one may have to deal with hysteresis effects but also with uncertainties. Following D. Davino, P. Krejčí, and C. Visone (2013), a model for a magnetostrictive material involving a generalized Prandtl-Islilinskiĭ-operator is considered here. Using results of measurements, some parameters in the model are determined and inverse Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is used to determine random densities to describe the remaining parameters and their uncertainties. Afterwards, the results are used to perform forward UQ and to compare the generated outputs with measured data. This extends some of the results from O. Klein, D. Davino, and C. Visone (2020).