Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pantoprazole in calves

Introduction Development of abomasal ulceration is a large concern, especially within calves; however, there is a paucity of research into the use of gastro protectants in ruminant species. Proton pump inhibitors, such as pantoprazole, are widely used in humans and companion animals. Their efficacy in ruminant species is undetermined. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate the plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in neonatal calves after three days of intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) administration, and 2) measure the effect pantoprazole had on abomasal pH over the treatment period. Methods Pantoprazole was administered to 6 Holstein-Angus cross bull calves at a dose of 1 mg/kg (IV) or 2 mg/kg (SC), once a day (every 24 h) for three days. Plasma samples were collected over a 72 h period and analyzed via HPLC-UV for determining pantoprazole concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived via non-compartmental analysis. Abomasal (n= 8) samples were collected via abomasal cannulas over a 12 h period, per calf per day. Abomasal pH was determined via a bench top pH analyzer. Results Following Day 1 of IV administration, plasma clearance, elimination half-life, and volume of distribution of pantoprazole were estimated at 199.9 mL/kg/h, 1.44 h, and 0.51 L/kg, respectively. On Day 3 of IV administration, the reported values were 192.9 mL/kg/h, 2.52 h, and 1.80 L/kg mL, respectively. Elimination half-life and volume of distribution (V/F) of pantoprazole following SC administration were estimated at 1.81 h and 0.55 L/kg, respectively, on Day 1; and 2.99 h and 2.82 L/kg, respectively, on Day 3. Discussion The reported values for IV administration were similar to those previously reported in calves. SC administration appears to be well absorbed and tolerated. The sulfone metabolite was detectable for 36 h after the last administration for both routes. Abomasal pH was significantly higher than the pre-pantoprazole pH 4, 6, and 8 h after administration in both the IV and SC groups. Further studies of pantoprazole as a treatment/preventative for abomasal ulcers are warranted.
Physiological hypoxia improves growth and functional differentiation of human intestinal epithelial organoids

Background The epithelium in the colonic mucosa is implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Intestinal epithelial organoids from the colon (colonoids) can be used for disease modeling and personalized drug screening. Colonoids are usually cultured at 18-21% oxygen without accounting for the physiological hypoxia in the colonic epithelium (3% to <1% oxygen). We hypothesize that recapitulating the in vivo physiological oxygen environment (i.e., physioxia) will enhance the translational value of colonoids as pre-clinical models. Here we evaluate whether human colonoids can be established and cultured in physioxia and compare growth, differentiation, and immunological responses at 2% and 20% oxygen. Methods Growth from single cells to differentiated colonoids was monitored by brightfield images and evaluated with a linear mixed model. Cell composition was identified by immunofluorescence staining of cell markers and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Enrichment analysis was used to identify transcriptomic differences within cell populations. Pro-inflammatory stimuli induced chemokines and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) release were analyzed by Multiplex profiling and ELISA. Direct response to a lower oxygen level was analyzed by enrichment analysis of bulk RNA sequencing data. Results Colonoids established in a 2% oxygen environment acquired a significantly larger cell mass compared to a 20% oxygen environment. No differences in expression of cell markers for cells with proliferation potential (KI67 positive), goblet cells (MUC2 positive), absorptive cells (MUC2 negative, CK20 positive) and enteroendocrine cells (CGA positive) were found between colonoids cultured in 2% and 20% oxygen. However, the scRNA-seq analysis identified differences in the transcriptome within stem-, progenitor- and differentiated cell clusters. Both colonoids grown at 2% and 20% oxygen secreted CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL10, CXCL12, CX3CL1 and CCL25, and NGAL upon TNF + poly(I:C) treatment, but there appeared to be a tendency towards lower pro-inflammatory response in 2% oxygen. Reducing the oxygen environment from 20% to 2% in differentiated colonoids altered the expression of genes related to differentiation, metabolism, mucus lining, and immune networks. Conclusions Our results suggest that colonoids studies can and should be performed in physioxia when the resemblance to in vivo conditions is important.
Cytoplasmic regulation of chloroplast ROS accumulation during effector-triggered immunity

Accumulating evidence suggests that chloroplasts are an important battleground during various microbe-host interactions. Plants have evolved layered strategies to reprogram chloroplasts to promote de novo biosynthesis of defense-related phytohormones and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this minireview, we will discuss how the host controls chloroplast ROS accumulation during effector-triggered immunity (ETI) at the level of selective mRNA decay, translational regulation, and autophagy-dependent formation of Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs). We hypothesize that regulation at the level of cytoplasmic mRNA decay impairs the repair cycle of photosystem II (PSII) and thus facilitates ROS generation at PSII. Meanwhile, removing Rubisco from chloroplasts potentially reduces both O2 and NADPH consumption. As a consequence, an over-reduced stroma would further exacerbate PSII excitation pressure and enhance ROS production at photosystem I.
How does online social interaction promote students’ continuous learning intentions?

Learning from online videos using synchronized Danmu comments provides a co-learning experience. To explore the factors influencing learning with or without Danmu videos, an initial set of reasons and impediments was compiled based on a pilot study of 24 Chinese university students with learning experience using Danmu videos. Three hundred such students were surveyed to determine the factors that influence their motivations and hindrances with regard to using Danmu videos. The potential predictors of users’ continuance intentions were also examined. The results showed that the frequency of using Danmu videos is related to the continuous learning intention. Seeking information, social presence, and perceived entertainment motivate learners and positively impact their intention to continue learning using Danmu videos. Hindrances such as information pollution, attention failure, and visual obstacle were found to be negatively associated with learners’ continuance intention in the long run. Our findings provided constructive suggestions for addressing the issue of dropout rates, and novel ideas for future studies were proposed.
The effects of native lactic acid bacteria on the microbiome, fermentation profile, and nutritive value of Napier grass silage prepared with different legume ratios

Mixing grass with legumes before ensiling is beneficial for improving dry matter and crude protein yield, but additional information is needed to balance nutrient content and fermentation quality. In this study, the microbial community, fermentation characteristics, and nutrient content of Napier grass mixed with alfalfa at different proportions were assessed. Tested proportions included: 100:0 (M0), 70:30 (M3), 50:50 (M5), 30:70 (M7), and 0:100 (MF). Treatments included: (CK) sterilized deionized water; (IN) selected lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 23166 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CGMCC 18233 (1.5 × 105 cfu/g of fresh weight for each inoculant); and (CO) commercial lactic acid bacteria: L. plantarum (1 × 105 cfu/g of fresh weight). All mixtures were ensiled for 60 days. Data analysis was used as a completely randomized design with a 5-by-3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The results showed that with increasing alfalfa mixing ratio, dry matter, and crude protein increased, while neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased both before and after ensiling (p < 0.05), which was not influenced by fermentation. Inoculation with IN and CO decreased pH and increased the lactic acid content compared to CK (p < 0.05), especially in silages M7 and MF. The highest Shannon index (6.24) and Simpson index (0.93) were observed in the MF silage CK treatment (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus decreased with increasing alfalfa mixing ratio, while the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus was significantly higher in the IN-treated group than in other treatment groups (p < 0.05). A higher alfalfa mixing ratio improved the nutrient value, but also made fermentation more difficult. Inoculants improved the fermentation quality by increasing the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus. In conclusion, the groups M3 and M5 achieved the optimal balance of nutrients and fermentation. If a higher proportion of alfalfa needs to be used, it is recommended to use inoculants to ensure sufficient fermentation.
Circular economy business model: COANIQUEM charity shops case

There is great concern about waste and cooperation to move toward sustainable development. In response to this challenge, organizations are implementing practices to control consumption, reduce waste and reduce the negative impact on the environment through strategies that promote the Circular Economy (CE). However, the literature on the current understanding of circular strategies in nongovernmental organizations, such as charity shops, is limited. Therefore
Fisher information in bivariate record values from a sample of fixed size

Fisher information contained in record values, inter-record times and their concomitants from a sample of fixed size is derived in general and explicit expressions are deduced for some specific known bivariate classes of distributions. A comparison between fixed sampling and inverse sampling schemes with equal number of records and concomitants is also carried out. We also consider parameter estimation based on bivariate records and a small simulation study is done.
A phenomenological Gibbs function for the single cell region of the PbZrO3:PbTiO3 solid solution system

The ADAGE computer graphics system has been used to develop a modified Devonshire form for the elastic Gibbs function to describe the simple proper ferroelectric phases in the PbZrO3:PbTiO3 family of crystalline solid solutions. The unusual morphotropic phase boundary between tetragonal and rhombohedral forms has been used to help delineate the coefficients in the function at that composition. For the Devonshire formulation, spontaneous strain in the ferroelectric phases is assumed to be electrostrictive in origin and an x-ray determination of the strains as function of composition and temperature has been used to derive the composition and temperature dependence of the higher order stiffness coefficients. The Gibbs function which has been derived permits for the first time the calculation of the full family of thermal, elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric parameters for the ferroelectric single domain states and an evaluation of the manner in which these parameters change under different elastic and el.
The DP hypothesis and the syntax of identification

Cet article examine le probleme de la localisation de la "definitude", c'est-a-dire des traits responsables de l'identification du referent, au sein du groupe nominal. En se fondant sur des donnees comparatives du francais et du haitien, il met en question l'hypothese courante stipulant que la definitude est un trait binaire (±defini) genere dans la projection superieure du syntagme nominal, 'DP'. Il est soutenu que les effets de "definitude" peuvent etre produits par au moins deux types de traits - le trait categoriel [n], et des traits locatifs - qui peuvent occuper diverses positions structurales et peuvent aussi se combiner pour former une coquille fonctionnelle. Une derniere hypothese, fondee sur les faits du haitien, est que le Nombre peut etre projete au-dessus du ou des traits d'identification dans la structure syntaxique.
Random matrix approximation of spectra of integral operators

~H n, obtained by deleting its diagonal. It is proved that the l 2 distance between the ordered spectrum of Hn and the ordered spectrum of H tends to zero a.s. if and only if H is Hilbert‐Schmidt. Rates of convergence and distributional limit theorems for the difference between the ordered spectra of the operators Hn (or ~ H n) and H are also obtained under somewhat stronger conditions. These results apply in particular to the kernels of certain functions Ha j(L) of partial differential operators L (heat kernels, Green functions). This paper is dedicated to Richard M. Dudley on his sixtieth birthday.
Cauchy problem for higher-order Schrödinger equations in anisotropic Sobolev space

We study the solvability in anisotropic Sobolev spaces for the Cauchy problem of the nonisotropically perturbed sixth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation: , where a, b are real constants, 1 ≤ d < n and x = (x 1, x 2, …, x n ) ∈ R n , t ∈ R and f(u) is a given complex function. By using Kato's method, we establish local well-posedness for the equation. We also obtain its global solvability by the anisotropic Sobolev embedding relations and the energy method.
Non-volatile high-speed resistance switching nanogap junction memory

Different voltage pulses were applied to Au nanogap junction to study the resistance switching characteristics. Consistent switching from a low to high resistance state was accomplished even at 20 ns pulse. Instead of setting current compliance for the reverse switching, we introduced a series resistance to the nanogap junction to limit the tunneling current and effectively performed the switching. The parasitic capacitance is shown to affect the programming speed. Upon reducing the capacitance, ns regime switching speed is achieved which indicates the potentiality of nanogap junction for high-speed random access memory.
Large structure in a turbulent boundary layer

Using an array of hot wires and wall shear stress probes results are presented which support the hypothesis that an organized structure exists in the boundary layer. From the correlation between wall shear stress and velocity it is shown that this structure is at an oblique angle to the free stream. The inferred angle from this correlation is found to agree remarkably with recent flow visualization photographs. Evidence is found that the large scale motion in the organized structure produces a slowly varying component in the wall shear stress and, importantly, a high frequency large amplitude fluctuation occurring near the maximum in the slowly varying wall shear. It is suggested that this latter fluctuation is associated with the bursting phenomenon. A model which accounts for these results is described. It leads to a description of the bursting process in terms of a rotational instability and while too approximate to give more than good order of magnitude estimates, it gives values of the wall streak sp.
Strength of curvature singularities

This paper deals with several issues related to the strength of curvature singularities (a notion originally defined by Tipler). First, we construct a simple example of a spacetime which admits a strong curvature singularity even though the metric tensor is ${C}^{0}$ and nondegenerate. Second, we propose a slightly modified definition of a strong singularity (to which we refer as a deformationally strong singularity), which better captures the physical essence of the strength. Finally, we show that a necessary condition for (Tipler's) strong singularities, formulated by Clarke and Krolak, is also applicable to deformationally strong singularities.
Ultracool Dwarf Stars: Surveys, Properties, and Spectral Classification

Although astronomers have been searching the skies for brown dwarfs for decades, it is only in the last few years, with more sensitive detectors and new near-infrared all-sky surveys, that these cool objects have popped out from the background. The first reliable detections came in 1995, with the identification of lithium and of methane. Lithium, a light alkali element, is depleted in objects more massive than 65 Jupiter masses, so identification of this line pegs the object as a brown dwarf. Methane on the other hand indicates that the photospheric temperature of the object is less than 1500 K and so by any models for low-mass objects is a brown dwarf. In the years since these exciting discoveries, large numbers of “ultracool dwarfs” (objects cooler than M dwarfs) have been found. Two new spectral types (L and T) have been proposed for the classification of these objects. Broadly speaking, L dwarfs are characterized by the progressive disappearance of the optical TiO and VO bands that dominate late M dwarfs and their replacement by metallic hydrides and neutral alkali metals. The T dwarfs on the other hand have infrared spectra that are dominated by methane. It is important to note that there is no astrophysical significance attached to the particular letters. In particular, it should be stressed that lithium detection is not essential to the L spectral class, nor does L define an object as being a brown dwarf. We report on a 1 day meeting held under the auspices of the IAU Commissions 29 and 45 on 2000 August 12 at the 24th IAU General Assembly in Manchester, United Kingdom. The meeting, which was attended by over 70 delegates from a broad range of stellar disciplines, was convened in order to discuss the current status of research in the field of ultracool dwarfs, with special reference to the question of spectral classification. The first session of the day was chaired by James Liebert (Steward Observatory) and was concerned with the question of theoretical model atmospheres of ultracool dwarfs. In his presentation Takashi Tsuji (University of Tokyo) showed his new hybrid models where the observed colors and spectra of both L and T dwarfs can be reasonably well reproduced by a unified set of models. In these the dust effects that dominate the spectra of L dwarfs and appear to be absent from T dwarfs can be explained if dust forms only deep in the photosphere, with the upper layers dominated by volatile molecules. Talks by both Adam Burrows (Steward Observatory)
Imaging moving targets using the second-order keystone transform

The use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for moving target imaging has recently attracted a great deal of interest. The ability to obtain focused images of moving targets makes it possible to maximise the use of existing single-channel SAR systems, without upgrading to more complex and expensive multi-channel systems. In this study, a novel technique is presented for moving target imaging utilising a single-channel SAR operating in Spotlight mode. First, the second-order keystone transform is applied to remove range curvature. Next, a non-linear phase correction is applied to correct the remaining range walk. Finally, the nominally quadratic phase in azimuth is estimated and corrected to provide focused imagery. An experimental result is presented to demonstrate the performance of this approach.
Influences of perpendicular compressive stress on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of electrostrictive and piezoelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 ceramics

The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(x)PbTiO3 or (1−x)PMN-(x)PT (x=0.1–0.4) ceramics were measured under compressive stress applied perpendicular to the electric field. For the dielectric properties, the experimental results revealed that the superimposed perpendicular compression stress reduced the dielectric constant but increased the dielectric loss tangent of all the compositions. On the other hand, for the ferroelectric properties the applied stress noticeably enhanced the dissipation energy, the polarizations, and the coercive field of all the compositions. These results were interpreted through the non-180° ferroelastic domain switching processes, the stress clamping of domain walls, the deaging mechanism, and the stress induced enhancement in the switchable part of spontaneous polarization. More importantly, the influences of the stress applied in the perpendicular direction to the electric field were generally opposite to those of the parallel stress.
Optical Absorption Properties of BaSi2 Epitaxial Films Grown on a Transparent Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We have grown 100-nm-thick BaSi2 films on transparent silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy, for optical absorption measurements. The SOI substrate has a 0.7-µm-thick (111)-oriented Si layer on top of a fused silica substrate. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and θ–2θ X-ray diffraction patterns showed that a-axis-oriented BaSi2 layers were grown epitaxially. The absorption spectrum of the film measured in a transmission configuration at room temperature revealed that BaSi2 has a large absorption coefficient of 3 ×104 cm-1 at 1.5 eV and an indirect optical absorption edge of 1.34 eV.
Thoracic dorsal root ganglion stimulation reduces acute myocardial ischemia induced ventricular arrhythmias

Background Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) may serve as a novel neuromodulation strategy to reduce cardiac sympathoexcitation and ventricular excitability. Objective In this pre-clinical study, we investigated the effectiveness of DRGS on reducing ventricular arrhythmias and modulating cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity caused by myocardial ischemia. Methods Twenty-three Yorkshire pigs were randomized to two groups, which was control LAD ischemia-reperfusion (CONTROL) or LAD ischemia-reperfusion + DRGS (DRGS) group. In the DRGS group (n = 10), high-frequency stimulation (1 kHz) at the second thoracic level (T2) was initiated 30 min before ischemia and continued throughout 1 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion. Cardiac electrophysiological mapping and Ventricular Arrhythmia Score (VAS) were assessed, along with evaluation of cFos expression and apoptosis in the T2 spinal cord and DRG. Results DRGS decreased the magnitude of activation recovery interval (ARI) shortening in the ischemic region (CONTROL: −201 ± 9.8 ms, DRGS: −170 ± 9.4 ms, p = 0.0373) and decreased global dispersion of repolarization (DOR) at 30 min of myocardial ischemia (CONTROL: 9546 ± 763 ms2, DRGS: 6491 ± 636 ms2, p = 0.0076). DRGS also decreased ventricular arrhythmias (VAS–CONTROL: 8.9 ± 1.1, DRGS: 6.3 ± 1.0, p = 0.038). Immunohistochemistry studies showed that DRGS decreased % cFos with NeuN expression in the T2 spinal cord (p = 0.048) and the number of apoptotic cells in the DRG (p = 0.0084). Conclusion DRGS reduced the burden of myocardial ischemia-induced cardiac sympathoexcitation and has a potential to be a novel treatment option to reduce arrhythmogenesis.
The approach to self-preservation of scalar fluctuations decay in isotropic turbulence

An analytical study of isotropic scalar fluctuations decay in isotropic turbulence is undertaken. From a fixed-point analysis, the existence of two complete self-preserving regimes is demonstrated. One of them relates to the final period of decay whereas the other one corresponds to the decay at large Reynolds and Peclet numbers. In both cases, the scalar-to-velocity timescale ratio is constant. In the final period, its asymptotic value is determined by the values of the coefficients of velocity and scalar enstrophy destruction. At large Reynolds and Peclet numbers, it depends on the latter as well as on the values of the mixed-derivative and velocity derivative skewness coefficients. A model for the approach to full self-preservation of scalar fluctuations decay is proposed. This model accounts for non-equilibrium resulting from initial unbalanced vortex stretching. In the conditions of experiments on temperature fluctuations decay in grid-turbulence, it displays a transient regime, extending over the re.