Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENSO and SAM Influence on the Generation of Long Episodes of Rossby Wave Packets During Southern Hemisphere Summer

This study assesses the impact of low‐frequency climate modes on Rossby Wave Packets (RWPs) during southern hemisphere summer. In particular, we focus on long‐lived RWPs (lifespan above 8 days) and determine how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) influence their statistics, that is, their duration, frequency of occurrence, and activity areas. We used daily mean meridional winds at 300 hPa from December to March between 1979 and 2020 from the ERA5 and NCEP‐DOE 2 reanalyses. We found that long‐lived wave packets, which are a small percentage of the total number of wave packets, show large interannual variability; there are years in which these types of waves do not occur and years that present up to 9 wave packets. This suggests that large‐scale circulation conditions set up by low‐frequency climate modes can modulate their occurrence. Classifying years according to SAM phases reveals that the occurrence of long‐lived RWPs is highest (lowest) during intense negative (positive) SAM events. ENSO influence, on the other hand, was found to be weak and not robust. Analysis of large scale circulation conditions shows that during negative SAM phases the jet shifts northward, strengthens in the Indian sector, and extends further into the Pacific basin, so that it acts as a better waveguide favoring the propagation of long‐lived RWPs. Conversely, during positive phases of SAM, the jet shifts southward and an anticyclonic center develops to the southwest of Australia blocking the jet and the progression of the wave packets.
Nutritional Status of Primary School Children in Babylon Governorate

Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of school children.To identify some associated factors of school children related to nutritional status. And To find out some associated factors of school children and their nutritional status.Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study consisting of (1013)pupil,to assess nutritional status of primary school children in Babylon Governorate.Result:Analysis of data reveals that there is a 47.4% of children have a normalbody mass index, and 43.0% have underweight, 7.6% overweight, while 2.0% only have obesity. The study showed that 76.4% has normal blood hemoglobin, 21.2% low blood hemoglobin and 2.4% increase blood hemoglobin.Conclusion:Just under half of children has a normal body mass index and about half of study sample have underweightthis considered as a result of malnutrition of primary school children. And Observed there are high percentage of children have anemia this can be result from many factors contribute in children anemic
The kinetics of the reduction of manganous oxide by graphite

Mixtures of MnO and graphite were reacted under argon at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1425i? ½C, and the loss in mass of the mixture was recorded continuously. The results showed that the rate of reduction of MnO increased as the temperature increased and the ratio of MnO to C decreased. The effect of the particle size of MnO and of graphite on the rate of reduction at I350i? ½C was very small in the range 63 to 250 fLm for MnO and 45 to 355 fLmfor graphite. The rate of reduction at I350i? ½C was increased markedly by the addition of Na.CO. and K.CO., was slightly increased by the addition of Fe.O. , was unaffected by the addition of CaD, MgO, and AI.O. , and was decreased by the addition of SiO. Some CO. was always present in the effluent gas, and this was taken as evidence that the reduction of MnO occurred by way of CO. as an intermediate product. The activation energy of the ratecontrolling step was 57,5 kcal, and this was similar to the measured activation energy for the gasification of graphite by CO., namely, 61,S kcal per mole of graphite. A simple kinetic model was derived on the assumption that the gasification of graphite was the rate-controlling step, and the results over the temperature range 1200 to I425i? ½C, when plotted in the appropriate form, yielded straight lines as predicted by the model.
Monitoring of selected soil contaminants using proximal and remote sensing techniques: Background, state-of-the-art and future perspectives

ABSTRACT Soil degradation includes a number of processes, ranging from soil erosion to soil contamination, which reduce the capability of soil to work as a base for vegetation roots. Methods to quantify soil degradation due to contamination on a large area with a proper domain are needed and must be studied and developed. Proximal and remote sensing techniques are essential tools, well-suited for surveying large areas, and monitoring soil contamination at a high temporal and spatial interval. Recently developed and forthcoming satellites also dedicated to land monitoring and provide inimitable data streams, which have potential of soil contamination detection. This study peruses the potential of spectroscopy methods in various domains to assess selected soil contaminants including potentially toxic elements and petroleum hydrocarbons from reflectance information, plus a preliminary review of the new-generation orbital Earth observation sensors. An aim is to review the means to do so from spaceborne sensors, which are considered to be state-of-the-art Earth orbit observation technologies. This review will help to answer the question: how can spectral information from proximal and remote sensing techniques in different domains be used for soil contamination modelling? This direction will pave the way for soil contamination monitoring using these techniques.
EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN TOLERANT AND SENSITIVE GRAPES

Salinity is a major environmental stress and grape is classified as a moderately sensitive plant to salinity. Plants have anti-oxidative systems involving antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to examine the salinity induced alterations, PAL enzyme activity and total phenolics contents in four grape genotypes. In this study two tolerant (Gharashani and H6) and two sensitive (Shirazi and GhezelUzum) grapes according to screening experiments under salinitywere selected. 50 mM NaCl was used for salinity treatment. Total phenolics content and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity increased in all the genotypes under salinity. A positive significant correlation (P<0.01, r>0.8) was observed between total phenolics and PAL activity in leaves and roots of grapes. Ten phenolic acids including hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were analyzed. Our tolerant and sensitive genotypes showed main differences in phenolic compounds accumulation under salinity. Some compounds like gallic, syringic and p-coumaric acids accumulated higher in tolerant genotypes and others like vanillic, caffeic and sinapic acids accumulated in sensitive genotypes. Considering our results it seems that syringic and p-coumaric acids -that was higher in leaves and roots of tolerant genotypeshad a key role in salinity tolerance.
Operating Cost and Treatment of Boron from Aqueous Solutions by Electrocoagulation in Low Concentration

The objective of this study is to determine the optimum parameters of electrocoagulation process in treatment of boron in low concentrations. Especially, studies on electrode optimization in low boron concentrated waters are insufficient. Therefore, the effect of electrode combination (Al–Al, Al–Fe, Al–SS, Fe–Al, Fe–Fe, and Fe–SS), pH (5–9), current density (8–24 mA cm−2), distance (1–3 cm), and electrolysis time (10–90 min) on treatment of boron containing wastewater is studied to obtain maximum removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency of boron is obtained as 95.6%. Operation conditions for maximum removal are the electrode combination of Fe–Al, current density of 16 mA cm−2, pH 7.0, concentration of 30 mg L−1 and the reaction time of 70 min. Operating cost of the electrocoagulation process is calculated as 2.35 $ m−3. This study indicates that the electrocoagulation process can be successfully applied in order to treat boron‐polluted wastewaters at low initial concentrations.
Properties of concrete incorporating silica fume and nano-SiO2

The use of silica fume has been considered as a pozzolan for several years. Besides, doing research about nano and its application in concrete is increasing. The present study investigates the simultaneous use of nano-SiO 2 and silica fume in concrete. In order to such a purpose, silica fume in measures of 5 and 10 percent and nano-SiO 2 in measures of 0.5 and 1 percent were replaced with cement and totally eight mixture plans for doing the compressive strength and water absorption experiments. Finally, the results showed that using such materials improves the qualities of concrete. Using both 10% silica fume and 1% nano SiO 2 , as a cement replacement, resulted in 42.2% increase in compressive strength in comparison to control sample. Furthermore, it was understood that the simultaneous use of these materials is more influential than their single use.
Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Mahasiswa (LKM) dengan Model Project-Based Learning (PjBL) untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains pada Perkuliahan IPA Pendidikan Dasar

Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mendeskripsikan: pengembangan, kelayakan, dan dampak LKM model PjBL untuk meningkatkan literasi sains aspek pengetahuan, sikap, konteks, dan kompetensi mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini pengembangan dengan model ADDIE- Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Subyek penelitian yakni mahasiswa S2 Pendidikan Dasar FKIP Universitas Bengkulu semester I tahun2019/2020. Obyek penelitian yakni LKM dengan model PjBL. Instrumen dalam penelitian yakni: (1) lembar validasi produk, (2) lembar keterbacaan produk, dan (3) lembar penilaian literasi sains aspek sikap, konteks, pengetahuan, dan kompetensi. Teknik analisis data secara deskriptif-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Hasil analisis silabus dan RPS Mata Kuliah IPA Pendidikan Dasar pada lingkup Biologi dan Kimia. (2) Kelayakan LKM PjBL dari validasi ahli dan uji keterbacaan oleh mahasiswa secara rata-rata mencapai kategori sangat tinggi. (3) Dampak penggunaan LKM PjBL terhadap literasi aspek pengetahuan secara rata-rata mengalami peningkatan sebesar sebesar 86,14%, aspek sikap mengalami peningkatan sebesar 48,49%, aspek kompetensi mengalami peningkatan sebesar 25%, dan aspek konteks mengalami peningkatan sebesar 24,27%. Simpulan: (1) LKM dengan model PjBLhasil pengembangan yakni Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan pada Tumbuhan dan Hewan, Interaksi dalam Ekosistem, dan Metabolisme pada Tubuh Manusia. (2) LKM PjBL hasil pengembangan layak digunakan. (3) LKM PjBL dapat meningkatkan literasi sains secara berurutan dari yang paling tinggi sampai yang paling rendah yakni aspek pengetahuan, sikap, kompetensi, dan konteks.
Heavy metal levels, physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of soil matrix from university solid waste collection sites in Benin City, Nigeria

This study was carried out to assess the microbial, physicochemical and heavy metal characteristics of soil samples from five different waste collection sites within the University of Benin, Benin City and evaluated using standard analytical and classical microbiological methods. The heavy metal concentration includes Zn (4.45±0.00 - 5.76±0.02 mg g −l ); Cd (1.59±0.00 - 2.54±0.00 mg g −l ); and Fe (1.02±0.02 - 1.07±0.00 mg g −l ). The physicochemical properties include pH (4.91±0.01 - 5.82±0.04); TOC (6.49±0.01 - 7.65±0.02 %); NO 2 − (29.32±0.07 - 32.81±0.11 mg g −l ); and SO 4 2− (47.30±0.12 - 63.25±0.04 mg g −l ). The mean of culturable heterotrophic and coliform bacteria ranged from 4.03×10 7 ± 0.35 - 4.51×10 8 ± 0.12 CFU/g and 1.02×10 4 ± 0.12 - 3.10×10 5 ± 0.02 CFU/g respectively. At p -value < 0.01 level EC significantly correlates total heterotrophic bacteria ( r = 0.971); coliform bacteria significantly correlate NO 3 − ( r = 0.989); while clay significantly but negatively correlates coliform bacteria ( r = -0.989). Some of the bacteria isolated and identified from the waste collection sites include Klebsiella oxytoca , Enterobacter aerogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas putida , and Bacillus macerans . Findings from this study reveal that the municipal solid waste on the collection sites has impacts on the indicator variables of the resident soil as well as serving as breeding sites for pathogenic organisms. Keywords: solid waste, environmental hazard, soil quality, pathogens
Citizen Science for Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring: Case Studies from Georgia and Rhode Island

Abstract Citizen science is emerging as an increasingly viable way to support existing water monitoring efforts. This article assesses whether water quality data collected by large numbers of volunteers are as reliable as data collected under strict oversight of a government agency, and considers the potential of citizen science to expand spatial and temporal coverage of water monitoring networks. The analysis hinges on comparison of data on water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) in freshwater streams and rivers collected by four entities: the United States Geological Survey (USGS) network of field scientists, the USGS network of automated sensors, the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream volunteer water monitoring program, and the University of Rhode Island Watershed Watch (URIWW) volunteer water monitoring program. We find that volunteer-collected data exhibit the expected relationship between temperature and DO. Furthermore, we find that volunteer- and USGS-collected data lie in roughly the same range, although.
Comparison of Some Quality Properties of Erzincan Tulum Cheeses Produced from Raw and Pasteurized Akkaraman Sheep Milk

In this research, Erzincan Tulum cheese samples were produced in the Dumlu (Erzurum, Turkey) plateaus with the help of the Şavak tribe who are the original producers of cheese and were produced in duplicate by using commercia l liquid rennet from raw Akkaraman sheep’s milk (cheese R) and pasteurized Akkaraman sheep’s milk (cheese P). Produced cheeses were filled into the plastic bar rels (2 kg), and ripened in a refrigerator at 4±1 °C for 90 days. The differences in the some mic robiological (coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts & moulds), chemical and sensory properties of the produced cheeses were examined in monthly periods during the ripening period. In this study, the S. aureus counts were < 2 log cfu/g in all Tulum cheese samples during the ripening. In addition, coliforms counts were < 1 log cfu/g in samples produced from pasteurized milk (cheese P) during the ripening. During the ripening, the Tulum cheese samples produced from raw milk (cheese R) has higher total coliforms counts according to the Tulum cheese samples produced from pasteurized milk. The R and P cheese samples have statistically similar yeast and mould counts during the ripening. Total coliforms count in R cheese samples decreased continuously during the ripening. The yeast and mould counts in R and P cheese samples decreased also continuously during the ripening. During the ripening, the dry matter, fat, fat in dry matter, protein, ash, salt, salt in dry matter amounts in P cheese samples were determined to be higher according to R cheese samples. However; during the ripening, the pH and % acidity values in the P cheese samples were found to be lower than R cheese samples. In R and P cheese samples; except for pH, examined all chemical properties increased continuously during the ripening. As a result, it was emerged that the cheese variety and the ripening period affected the microbiological and chemical properties. During the ripening; the color and appearance, odor, texture, flavor, saltiness, fatness, bitterness and oxidation, general acceptability scores of R cheese samples were found to be statistically similar with these sensory property scores of P cheese samples. In terms of general acceptability, it can also be emphasized that cheese produced from sheep raw milk is more admired cheese in cheeses ripened for 3 months.
Kinetic and Adsorption Studies of a Thiazine and Triarylmethane Dye onto Bamboo Impregnated Nanoscale Manganese

In this study, bamboo impregnated with nanoscale manganese (BMn) was prepared by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and PIXE analysis. The synthesized nMn-bamboo (BMn) was subsequently applied for the sorption of methylene blue (MB) and acid violet 19 (AV 19) from aqueous solution representing a thiazine and a triarylmethane class of dyes, respectively. Batch adsorptions of MB and AV 19 dyes were investigated under various experimental conditions such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of dyes and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that the synthesized BMn is an effective adsorbent with a high MB and AV 19 dyes adsorption capacity above 180 mg/L for both dyes. At concentration 120 mg/L, usage of 0.02 g of BMn resulted to 263.5 and 187.2 mg/g removal efficiency for MB and AV 19, respectively at 165 rpm for a period of 120 min and at a solution pH of 7.6. The equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model better explained the kinetic data
Decreasing electrical resistivity of gold along the melting boundary up to 5 GPa

ABSTRACT The electrical resistivity of gold was experimentally measured at high pressures from 2 to 5 GPa and temperatures ∼300 K above melting. The resistivity decreased as a function of pressure and increased as a function of temperature as expected. The temperature dependence of resistivity in the solid and liquid phases are comparable to 1 atm results. The observed melting temperatures at each pressure agree well with previous experimental and theoretical studies. The essential result of this study is that resistivity decreases along the pressure-dependent melting boundary, conflicting with a prediction of invariant behavior as reported in the literature. This result is discussed in terms of the interaction between s and d-bands as both pressure and temperature increase along the melting boundary. The thermal conductivity of gold was calculated from the measured electrical resistivity using the Wiedemann-Franz law. The temperature-induced effect on the thermal conductivity at high temperatures is as expected in both the solid and liquid phase while the pressure-effect shows some variability.
Influence of soil applied boron on yield of berseem (Trifolium alexandrium L.) and soil boron fractions in calcareous soils

ABSTRACT A greenhouse experiment was conducted in North-west India to study the effect of soil applied boron on yield of berseem (Trifolium alexandrium L.) and soil boron fractions in boron deficient calcareous soils. Three soils with varying calcium carbonate content viz. 0.75% (Soil I), 2.6% (Soil II), and 5.7% (Soil III) were collected from different sites of Ludhiana, Bathinda, and Shri Muktsar Sahib districts, Punjab, India. The treatments consisted of six levels of soil applied boron viz. 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 2.0 mg B kg−1 along with control. The green fodder yield and dry matter yield increased significantly at 0.75 mg B kg−1 soil treatment level in the first cutting, while these were significant at 1.0 mg B kg−1 soil treatment level in all soils at second, third, and fourth cuttings. Among all three calcareous soils, Soil I with lower calcium carbonate was the best soil in respect of mean yield in comparison to Soil II and Soil III. Combined effect of boron level and soils had significant effect on yield of berseem. There was a significant increase in mean dry root biomass at 1.0 mg B kg−1 soil level over control and then remained non-significant with further high levels of soil applied boron. The mean dry root biomass decreased significantly for the soils having 0.75%, 2.6%, and 5.7% calcium carbonate levels. Readily soluble fraction is considered to be easily available fraction of B for plant uptake and consisted of 0.47–0.62% in Soil I, 0.31–0.43% in Soil II, and 0.24–0.34% in Soil III of the total boron. Among all B fractions, mean readily soluble, specifically adsorbed, and oxide-bound fractions got increased significantly with increase in B levels. Readily soluble and organically bound B fractions were more in Soil I as compared to Soil II and Soil III. Specifically adsorbed boron, oxide bound fraction, residual and total boron were more in Soil III in comparison to Soil I and Soil II. Among all fractions, residual fraction accounted for the major portion of the total B. It comprised of 92.71–93.90% in Soil I, 94.51–95.40% in Soil II, and 94.91–95.25% in Soil III of the total boron.
Influence of the Fluorination of CoPc on the Interfacial Electronic Structure of the Coordinated Metal Ion

Interface properties of CoPc and CoPcF16 on Cu-intercalated graphene/Ni(111) were investigated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We show that a charge transfer from graphene/Ni(111) to the Co ion of CoPc can be significantly reduced by Cu-intercalation of graphene, resulting in a partial decoupling of graphene from the Ni(111) substrate. This is not the case for CoPcF16 on Cu-intercalated graphene/Ni(111). Possible reasons and charge transfer channels are discussed. The comparison to CoPcF16 on the almost fully decoupled Au-intercalated graphene/Ni(111) suggests that the graphene-substrate coupling in the case of Cu-intercalation remains still significant.
Determination of Rhenium in Geological Samples by Isotope Dilution–Multicollector–Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry with Novel Chromatographic Separation

ABSTRACT A method was developed to determine rhenium contents in geological samples using multicollector–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC–ICP-MS) and extraction with an ion-exchange resin. Samples were digested in Carius tubes and osmium was converted into volatile OsO4, which was purified by distillation and microdistillation. The purified Os contents and isotopic ratios were determined using negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry. After the distillation of Os, the samples were treated with HF, then 1.2 M HCl, and loaded on ion-exchange resin columns. Re was eluted using 0.75 M HNO3 and directly determined by MC–ICP-MS. This method was validated using a series of reference materials and the analytical Re data are consistent with the literature values. This method precision (relative standard deviation) ranged from 0.8 to 6%. The procedural blank and detection limit (3σ) of Re were 1.1 pg and 0.5 pg/g (for a sample size of 2g), respectively. These results indicate that the proposed method can be applied to determine trace Re in geological samples. Using Carius tube digestion combined with HF desilicification and redissolution, the Re and Os contents found in the soluble and insoluble phases of several reference materials indicated that the distributions of Re and Os were homogeneous and heterogeneous, respectively.