Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the distribution of heterogeneous treatment effects from treatment responses and from a predictive biomarker in a parallel‐group RCT: A structural model approach

When the objective is to administer the best of two treatments to an individual, it is necessary to know his or her individual treatment effects (ITEs) and the correlation between the potential responses (PRs) Yi1 and Yi0 under treatments 1 and 0. Data that are generated in a parallel‐group design RCT does not allow the ITE to be determined because only two samples from the marginal distributions of these PRs are observed and not the corresponding joint distribution. This is due to the “fundamental problem of causal inference. ” Here, we present a counterfactual approach for estimating the joint distribution of two normally distributed responses to two treatments. This joint distribution of the PRs Yi1 and Yi0 can be estimated by assuming a bivariate normal distribution for the PRs and by using a normally distributed baseline biomarker Zi functionally related to the sum Yi1+Yi0 . Such a functional relationship is plausible since a biomarker Zi and the sum Yi1+Yi0 encode for the same information in an RCT, namely the variation between subjects. The estimation of the joint trivariate distribution is subjected to some constraints. These constraints can be framed in the context of linear regressions with regard to the proportions of variances in the responses explained and with regard to the residual variation. This presents new insights on the presence of treatment–biomarker interactions. We applied our approach to example data on exercise and heart rate and extended the approach to survival data.
Characterization, crystal structure and cytotoxic activity of a rare iridoid glycoside from Lonicera saccata.

A new iridoid glycoside, methyl (3R,4R,4aS,7S,7aR)-3-hydroxy-7-methyl-5-oxooctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate-3-O-β-D-(1'S,2'R,3'S,4'S,5'R)-glucopyranoside, named loniceroside A, C17H26O10, (1), was obtained from the aerial parts of Lonicera saccata. Its structure was established based on an analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HRESIMS, and the configurations of the chiral C atoms were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The single-crystal structure reveals that the cyclopenta[c]pyran scaffold is formed from a five-membered ring and a chair-like six-membered ring connected through two bridgehead chiral C atoms. In the solid state, the glucose group of (1) plays an important role in constructing an unusual supramolecular motif. The structure analysis revealed adjacent molecules linked together through intermolecular O-H.O hydrogen bonds to generate a banded structure. Furthermore, the banded structures are linked into a three-dimensional network by interesting hydrogen bonds. Biogenetically, compound (1) carries a glucopyranosyloxy moiety at the C-3 position, representing a rare structural feature for naturally occurring iridoid glycosides. The growth inhibitory effects against human cervical carcinoma cells (Hela), human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), human acute mononuclear granulocyte leukaemia (THP-1) and the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) were evaluated by the MTT method.
Cognitive Processes Associated With Sudden Gains in Cognitive Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Routine Care

Objective: Although most studies investigating sudden gains in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report a positive association between sudden gains and outcomes at the end of treatment, less is known about sudden gains in routine clinical care and the processes involved in their occurrence. This study investigated changes in cognitive factors (negative appraisals, trauma memory characteristics) before, during, and after sudden gains in PTSD symptom severity. Method: Two samples (N1 = 248, N2 = 234) of patients who received trauma-focused cognitive therapy for PTSD in routine clinical care were analyzed. Mahalanobis distance matching, including the propensity score, was used to compare patients with sudden gains and similar patients without sudden gains. Estimates from both samples were meta-analyzed to obtain pooled effects. Results: Patients with sudden gains (n1 = 76, n2 = 87) reported better treatment outcomes in PTSD symptom severity, depression, and anxiety at the end of therapy and follow-up than those without sudden gains. No baseline predictors of sudden gains could be reliably identified. During sudden gains, those with sudden gains had greater changes in both cognitive factors than matched patients. Meta-analyses of the two samples showed that negative appraisals had already decreased in the session prior to sudden gains compared with matched patients. Conclusions: The pooled estimates suggest that changes in negative trauma-related appraisals precede sudden gains in PTSD symptoms. The results suggest that interventions that promote change in appraisals may also facilitate sudden gains in therapy.
The Latin-America version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (LA- ISMI): A multicentric validation study from three Latin-America countries

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Comparative evaluation of fracture toughness and marginal adaptation of two restorative materials in nonendodontically and endodontically treated teeth: An in vitro study

Objective: To evaluate and compare the fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of Zirconomer and bulk fill posterior restorative material (Surefil SDR) in nonendodontically and endodontically treated teeth. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 52 caries-free extracted human premolars which were individually mounted in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ring filled with acrylic resin up to 1.0 mm below the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were then divided into four groups according to the restorative material used as group I: Zirconomer + Operative only, Group II: Zirconomer + Endodontic treatment, Group III: SDR + Operative, and Group IV: SDR + Endodontic treatment. Fracture strength was tested using a universal testing machine and was expressed in Newtons. The marginal gap was measured at its maximum using a scanning electron microscope and expressed in micrometers. One-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare the mean fracture resistance (N) and marginal adaptation (μm) between the four groups. Statistical significance was determined at α = 0.05. Results: Group 3 exhibited significantly highest mean fracture resistance than Group 1 (P < 0.001), Group 2 (P < 0.001), and Group 4 (P < 0.001). Group 4 had significantly higher mean fracture resistance than Group 1 (P = 0.008) and Group 2 (P < 0.001). Group 1 exhibited significantly highest mean marginal gap than Group 3 (P < 0.001) and Group 4 (P < 0.001). Group 2 had a significantly higher mean marginal gap than Group 3 (P < 0.001) and Group 4 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of Zirconomer are significantly lower than Surefil SDR in both nonendodontically and endodontically treated teeth.
Differential Outcomes following Optimization of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses from Clades AE, B, and C

We sought to enhance the infectivity of three SHIV stocks by optimization of a key residue in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env (Env375). We developed the following three new simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) stocks: SHIV-SF162p3S/wild type, SHIV-AE16W, and SHIV-325cH. SHIV-SF162p3S could not be optimized, SHIV-AE16W proved comparable to the parental virus, and SHIV-325cH demonstrated markedly enhanced replicative capacity compared with the parental virus. ABSTRACT Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection of rhesus monkeys is an important preclinical model for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines, therapeutics, and cure strategies. SHIVs have been optimized by incorporating HIV-1 Env residue 375 mutations that mimic the bulky or hydrophobic residues typically found in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Env to improve rhesus CD4 binding. We applied this strategy to three SHIV challenge stocks (SHIV-SF162p3, SHIV-AE16, and SHIV-325c) and observed three distinct outcomes. We constructed six Env375 variants (M, H, W, Y, F, and S) for each SHIV, and we performed a pool competition study in rhesus monkeys to define the optimal variant for each SHIV prior to generating large-scale challenge stocks. We identified SHIV-SF162p3S/wild type, SHIV-AE16W, and SHIV-325cH as the optimal variants. SHIV-SF162p3S could not be improved, as it already contained the optimal Env375 residue. SHIV-AE16W exhibited a similar replicative capacity to the parental SHIV-AE16 stock. In contrast, SHIV-325cH demonstrated a 2.6-log higher peak and 1.6-log higher setpoint viral loads than the parental SHIV-325c stock. These data demonstrate the diversity of potential outcomes following Env375 modification in SHIVs. Moreover, the clade C SHIV-325cH challenge stock may prove useful for evaluating prophylactic or therapeutic interventions against clade C HIV-1. IMPORTANCE We sought to enhance the infectivity of three SHIV stocks by optimization of a key residue in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env (Env375). We developed the following three new simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) stocks: SHIV-SF162p3S/wild type, SHIV-AE16W, and SHIV-325cH. SHIV-SF162p3S could not be optimized, SHIV-AE16W proved comparable to the parental virus, and SHIV-325cH demonstrated markedly enhanced replicative capacity compared with the parental virus.
Predictive Value of 3 Clinical Criteria for Sepsis (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and National Early Warning Score) With Respect to Short-term Mortality in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients With Suspected Infections

Abstract Background Sepsis disproportionately affects allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients and is challenging to define. Clinical criteria that predict mortality and intensive care unit end-points in patients with suspected infections (SIs) are used in sepsis definitions, but their predictive value among immunocompromised populations is largely unknown. Here, we evaluate 3 criteria among allogeneic HCT recipients with SIs. Methods We evaluated Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), and National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in relation to short-term mortality among recipients transplanted between September 2010 and July 2017. We used cut-points of ≥ 2 for qSOFA/SIRS and ≥ 7 for NEWS and restricted to first SI per hospital encounter during patients’ first 100 days posttransplant. Results Of the 880 recipients who experienced ≥ 1 SI, 58 (6.6%) died within 28 days and 22 (2.5%) within 10 days of an SI. In relation to 10-day mortality, SIRS was the most sensitive (91.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 72.0%–98.9%]) but least specific (35.0% [95% CI, 32.6%–37.5%]), whereas qSOFA was the most specific (90.5% [95% CI, 88.9%–91.9%]) but least sensitive (47.8% [95% CI, 26.8%–69.4%]). NEWS was moderately sensitive (78.3% [95% CI, 56.3%–92.5%]) and specific (70.2% [95% CI, 67.8%–72.4%]). Conclusions NEWS outperformed qSOFA and SIRS, but each criterion had low to moderate predictive accuracy, and the magnitude of the known limitations of qSOFA and SIRS was at least as large as in the general population. Our data suggest that population-specific criteria are needed for immunocompromised patients.
Aggregatibacter, a Low Abundance Pathobiont That Influences Biogeography, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Host Defense Capabilities in Periodontitis: The History of a Bug, and Localization of Disease

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the focus of this review, was initially proposed as a microbe directly related to a phenotypically distinct form of periodontitis called localized juvenile periodontitis. At the time, it seemed as if specific microbes were implicated as the cause of distinct forms of disease. Over the years, much has changed. The sense that specific microbes relate to distinct forms of disease has been challenged, as has the sense that distinct forms of periodontitis exist. This review consists of two components. The first part is presented as a detective story where we attempt to determine what role, if any, Aggregatibacter plays as a participant in disease. The second part describes landscape ecology in the context of how the host environment shapes the framework of local microbial dysbiosis. We then conjecture as to how the local host response may limit the damage caused by pathobionts. We propose that the host may overcome the constant barrage of a dysbiotic microbiota by confining it to a local tooth site. We conclude speculating that the host response can confine local damage by restricting bacteremic translocation of members of the oral microbiota to distant organs thus constraining morbidity and mortality of the host.
Novel coronavirus infection and pregnancy

H. YANG1,2, C. WANG1,2 and L. C. POON3* 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing, China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR *Correspondence. (e-mail: liona.poon@cuhk.edu.hk)
Unveiling the relationship between the perovskite precursor solution and the resulting device performance.

For the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using a solution process, it is essential to understand the characteristics of the perovskite precursor solution to achieve high performance and reproducibility. The colloids (iodoplumbates) in the perov-skite precursors under various conditions were investigated by UV-visible absorption, dynamic light scattering, photolumines-cence, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy techniques. Their local structure was examined by in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure studies. Perovskite thin films on a substrate with precursor solutions were characterized by transmis-sion electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, space-charge-limited current, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The colloidal properties of the perovskite precursor solutions were found to be directly correlated with the defect concentration and crystallinity of the perovskite film. This work provides guidelines for controlling perovskite films by varing the precursor solu-tion, making it possible to use colloid-engineered lead halide perovskite layers to fabricate efficient PSCs.
Semi-Synthesis of C-Ring Cyclopropyl Analogues of Fraxinellone and Their Insecticidal Activity Against Mythimna separata Walker

Fraxinellone (1) is a naturally occurring degraded limonoid isolated from Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants. As a potential natural-product-based insecticidal agent, fraxinellone has been structurally modified to improve its activity. Furan ring of fraxinellone is critical in exhibiting its insecticidal activity, but with few modifications. Herein, C-ring-modified cyclopropyl analogues were semi-synthesized by Rh(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation. The structures of the target compounds were well characterized by NMR and HRMS. The precise three-dimensional structural information of 3a was established by X-ray crystallography. Their insecticidal activity was evaluated against Mythimna separata Walker by a leaf-dipping method. Compound 3c exhibited stronger insecticidal activity than 1 and toosendanin against M. separata with teratogenic symptoms during the different periods, implying that cyclopropanation of the furan ring could strengthen the insecticidal activity of fraxinellone.
The learning effect of biofeedback training with SensiStep

Biofeedback training has been proven to help patients with fractures of the lower extremity in achieving safe mobilization. However, the duration of the effects of biofeedback training is currently unknown. Eight elderly patients with fractures of the lower extremity with partial weight bearing instructions received biofeedback training using the SensiStep system. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24/48/72 hours after training, a measurement with SensiStep was performed to examine whether or not the learning effect was still present. Subjects received 4 training sessions a week, for up to 4 weeks. Most subjects with a target load of 50% of their body weight achieved 24-hour retention after 1 to 3 weeks of training. Two subjects with a target load of 10% of their body weight did not achieve their target load during training. In conclusion, 24-hour retention is achievable for patients with a target load of 50%. The varying behaviors need to be examined further to allow personalized rehabilitation programs, depending on the training requirements. More research into biofeedback training for a target load of 10% is necessary.
An Analysis of Computer Game Addiction in Primary School Children and Its Affecting Factors.

BACKGROUND Computer games are included in next-generation technologies in today's developed visual media world. They are attractive to all ages, but the dramatic increase in the use of computer games in children and adolescents is remarkable. This study aims to determine the computer game addiction in primary school children and its affecting factors. METHODS The study sample consisted of 476 students among 952 students enrolled in three primary schools in Fethiye, Muğla. Data were collected from the students using the "Child Information Form" and the "Computer Game Addiction Scale for Children. " The data were analyzed using numbers, percentages, independent samples, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis. RESULTS This study found that there was a statistically significant difference between gender, class grade, level of income, mothers' educational level, the presence of a game console/computer at home, and the computer game addiction scale scores (p < .05). It was also found that students who spend more time on the Internet and playing computer game constitute the most at-risk group for computer game addiction (p < .05). CONCLUSION Some interventions can be planned to decrease computer game addiction particularly in male students, children and families with low income and educational level, and students who have computers and game consoles at home with longer duration of gaming and Internet use with the cooperation of schools, school nurses, teachers, and parents.
Antioxidative Properties of Essential Spices in an Indonesian Non-Alcoholic Beverage ‘Bir Pletok’

Clove, cinnamon and nutmeg are essential spices in Bir Pletok, a traditional non-alcoholic Indonesian beverage. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activities in different aqueous extracts of clove, cinnamon and nutmeg available in Indonesia and Thailand. Extraction was performed by boiling the mixture of spice and water (25% w/v) at 95-97°C for 15-45 min. Total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), color (L*, a*, b*) and pH values of the extracts were determined. Aqueous extracts of clove showed the highest TPC, DPPH, FRAP and ORAC, followed by cinnamon and nutmeg (p≤0.05). Extending extraction time significantly increased the antioxidative properties of the aqueous extract of all spices. Aqueous extracts of spice from Indonesia exhibited significantly higher TPC and FRAP than those obtained in Thailand (p≤0.05), but DPPH and ORAC were indifferent (p>0.05). The L*, a* and pH values of the spice extracts were not affected neither by the origin nor extraction time. Meanwhile, b* values of the extracts significantly increased with the length of extraction, and those of Indonesian spices were about 40% higher than Thailand (p≤0.05). In conclusion, type and source of spices as well as extraction time were the parameters that largely affected the antioxidative properties of the hot water extracts. Thus, it might be possible to improve the potential health benefits of Bir Pletok by optimizing the proportion of spices in the recipe and the length of boiling, as well as ingredient sourcing.
Histopathological effect of fluoxetine drug on the brain of pregnant mice and their embryos

The present study was designed to identify the histopathological effect of fluoxetine (fluoxetine hydrochloride) on the pregnant mice brain and their fetuses as well as recording weight changes at doses of 60 and 80 mg/kg of body weight which were administrated to the pregnant mice from the 7th up to the 18th day of pregnancy and once a day. The results showed histopathological lesions in the adult pregnant mice brain at the dose of 60 mg/kg. induced massive necrotic area of neurons in the cerebral cortex, necrosis of the molecular layer cells while the dose of 80 mg/kg the changes include vasogenic edema in the sub cortical area, severe degeneration and necrosis of the cortex. The lesions in cerebellum were more severe than recorded in the cerebrum. The results also showed the presence of many lesions in the fetus brain at the dose 60 mg/kg and they were degeneration, necrosis of many neurons in the cerebrum while at the dose of 80 mg/kg. There were increase of degeneration and necrosis in the cortical area of fetus brain. In conclusion, the use of fluoxetine in pregnant mice caused decrease in body weight and Histopathological changes in the brain of both of the mothers and their embryos, thus the use of antidepressant by pregnant woman can be harmful for the mothers and the fetus.