Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mind the gap! Factors that predict progression to bariatric surgery indicate that more psychological treatment may be required

In the UK, the number of adults living with obesity is increasing. Bariatric surgery is an available treatment for those living with a BMI (kg/m2) ≥40 and above, or ≥35 with obesity‐related comorbidities. Guidelines highlight the importance of providing psychological support pre‐ and post‐surgery owing to the complex psychopathology present in those living with obesity. There are a lack of studies examining which patients proceed to surgery and the factors that predict progression. Routine patient data were collected within one NHS regional service in the UK, comprising 733 patients between 3 August 2018 and 26 July 2019, aged between 17 and 76 years (M = 43.20, SD = 12.32). The only exclusion criteria were patients still awaiting a final decision for surgical outcome at the point of analysis (N = 29), which resulted in 704 patients included in analysis. Binary Logistic Regression revealed those who were more likely to progress to surgery had a lower‐level use of maladaptive external substances; lower level of self‐harm and/or suicidality, were older in age; had a lower BMI; and had less comorbidities than those who did not progress. Findings support existing literature in that bariatric patients often present with physical and mental health complexity. Two thirds of patients in this study did not progress to surgery. Service commissioning decisions meant that these patients did not have access to psychology treatment. Consequently, in cases where bariatric surgery is considered, a final treatment option and otherwise clinically appropriate, lack of access to specialist services may result in unmet patient need owing particularly to a lack of psychological treatment provision.
Anxious‐depressive attack and rejection sensitivity—Toward a new approach to treatment‐resistant depression

Abstract This paper aimed to find clues to treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) solutions. Depression comorbid with anxiety is often treatment‐resistant where anxious‐depressive attack (ADA) often lurks. ADA is a recently proposed clinical idea for just a psychological version of a panic attack. It mostly begins with an abrupt surge of intense anxiety followed by uninterrupted intrusive thoughts; lasting ruminations about regret or worry produced by violent anxiety, agitation, and loneliness. Acting‐out behaviors such as deliberate self‐injury and over‐dose may also be observed during the attack. As the basic psychopathology of ADA, rejection sensitivity (RS) was revealed by a structural equation model. It is said that the presence of RS in depressive disorders implies a poor prognosis. The following biological markers for RS were reviewed in the literature: first, the involvement of the μ‐opioid receptor function in RS and, secondly, hypersensitivity of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) in the medial prefrontal cortex. The latter has been suggested in fear‐conditioned animal experiments. Manipulation of the μ‐opioid receptor function together with the DRD4 function may culminate in a treatment for RS, which could contribute to the development of a treatment for TRD via the improvement of ADA.
Stronger, Fewer, & Superior: Harnessing Vision Foundation Models for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation

In this paper, we first assess and harness various Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) in the context of Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation (DGSS). Driven by the motivation that Leveraging Stronger pre-trained models and Fewer trainable parameters for Superior generalizability, we introduce a robust fine-tuning approach, namely Rein, to parameter-efficiently harness VFMs for DGSS. Built upon a set of trainable tokens, each linked to distinct instances, Rein precisely refines and forwards the feature maps from each layer to the next layer within the backbone. This process produces diverse refinements for different categories within a single image. With fewer trainable parameters, Rein efficiently fine-tunes VFMs for DGSS tasks, surprisingly surpassing full parameter fine-tuning. Extensive experiments across various settings demonstrate that Rein significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Remarkably, with just an extra 1% of trainable parameters within the frozen backbone, Rein achieves a mIoU of 68.1% on the Cityscapes, without accessing any real urban-scene datasets.Code is available at https://github.com/w1oves/Rein.git.
European Society of Cardiology guidelines and 1 year outcomes of acute heart failure treatment in Central Asia and Europe

Abstract Aims Outcomes reported for patients with hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF) treatment vary worldwide. Ethnicity‐associated characteristics may explain this observation. This observational study compares characteristics and 1‐year outcomes of Kyrgyz and Swiss AHF patients against the background of European Society of Cardiology guidelines‐based cardiovascular care established in both countries. Methods and results The primary endpoint was 1 year all‐cause mortality (ACM); the secondary endpoint was 1 year ACM or HF‐related rehospitalization. A total of 538 Kyrgyz and 537 Swiss AHF patients were included. Kyrgyz patients were younger (64.0 vs. 83.0 years, P < 0.001); ischaemic or rheumatic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were more prevalent (always P < 0.001). In Swiss patients, smoking, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and atrial flutter/fibrillation were more frequent (always P ≤ 0.035); moreover, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was higher (47% vs. 36%; P < 0.001), and >mild aortic stenosis was more prevalent (P < 0.001). Other valvular pathologies were more prevalent in Kyrgyz patients (P < 0.001). At discharge, more Swiss patients were on vasodilatory treatment (P < 0.006), while mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (P = 0.001), beta‐blockers (P = 0.001), or loop diuretics (P < 0.001) were less often prescribed. In Kyrgyz patients, unadjusted odds for the primary and secondary endpoints were lower [odds ratio (OR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.90, P = 0.008; OR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.91, P = 0.006, respectively]. After adjustment for age and LVEF, no difference remained (primary endpoint: OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.71–1.49, P = 0.894; secondary endpoint: OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.60–1.12, P = 0.206). Conclusions On the background of identical guidelines, age‐ and LVEF‐adjusted outcomes were not different between Central Asian and Western European AHF patients despite of large ethnical disparity.
HOW PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN ACTIVITIES AT SCHOOL INFLUENCES CHILDREN’S LEARNING OUTCOMES IN MBOONI EAST SUB COUNTY, MAKUENI COUNTY, KENYA

The study sought to underscore the influence of parental involvement in activities at school on learning outcomes among preschool learners. Its purpose was to determine the influence parental involvement in activities at school on learning outcomes among preschool learners in Mbooni Sub County, Makueni County. The study adopted a descriptive survey design that use structured interviews and questionnaire that intended to verify information, perceptions opinions and views of the respondents and an observation schedule for collecting data on the learning outcomes of the children. The dependent variable of the study was learning outcomes among preschool learners in Makueni County, Kenya, while independent variable was parental involvement in activities at school. The target population was teachers, parents and preschool learners in the County. Purposive sampling was used to select the teachers and parents whereas simple random sampling was used to select learners. A sample of 42 teachers, 33 parents and 72 ECDE learners were involved. Validity of the instruments was tested during piloting. Reliability of the instruments was ascertained through testing and re-testing to a sample that was not sampled for the actual study. Data was collected after acquiring permit from NACOSTI. Instructions and arrangements on how to collect the data was made with regard to dates agreed between the researcher and the respondents on when to deliver the questionnaire and observe the children during live lessons as well as conducting of the interviews. Data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically along the specific themes and presented in narrative forms whereas the quantitative data was analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23). The data was presented using tables in order to get the findings. This study may inform teachers, parents and policy makers about the influence of parental involvement in activities at school on children’s learning outcomes in Mbooni East Sub County. The study highlighted the significance of parents- teachers meeting, parent teacher child association, school feeding programmes as well as parents being resource person in passing first-hand information to children as they discuss different roles they undertake in the community. The study thus recommends partnerships of all stakeholders through proper communication and feedback. The National and County Governments should ensure food security in the preschools to enhance school retention, attendance rates, and enrollment for better learning outcomes among other benefits. Article visualizations:
Archaeozoological comments on Final Palaeolithic frontiers in South Scandinavia

A partir d'une prospection des temoins fauniques presents sur des sites hambourgiens et magdaleniens d'Europe septentrionale et centrale, l'auteur propose un modele d'approvisionnement saisonnier commun dans les plaines europeennes du Paleolithique superieur. Celui-ci est fonde sur une organisation alternee de la chasse : le cerf en automne et au printemps ; d'autres especes de gibier, principalement le cheval, les mois d'hiver et d'ete
Changes in thyroid function and evolution of subclinical thyroid disease in older men

Prevalence of subclinical thyroid disease increases with age, but optimal detection and surveillance strategies remain unclear particularly for older men. We aimed to assess thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations and their longitudinal changes, to determine the prevalence and incidence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in older men.
Advancing State of the Art in Language Modeling

Generalization is arguably the most important goal of statistical language modeling research. Publicly available benchmarks and papers published with an open-source code have been critical to advancing the field. However, it is often very difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to reproduce the results fully as reported in publications. In this paper, we propose a simple framework that should help advance the state of the art in language modeling in terms of generalization. We propose to publish not just the code, but also probabilities on dev and test sets with future publications so that one can easily add the new model into an ensemble. This has crucial advantages: it is much easier to determine whether a newly proposed model is actually complementary to the current baseline. Therefore, instead of inventing new names for the old tricks, the scientific community can advance faster. Finally, this approach promotes diversity of ideas: one does not need to create an individual model that is the new state of the art to attract attention; it will be sufficient to develop a new model that learns patterns which other models do not. Thus, even a suboptimal model can be found to have value. Remarkably, our approach has yielded new state-of-the-art results across various language modeling benchmarks up to 10%.
Methods for Aim 3: Longitudinal Study of the

Purpose: This research aimed to increase implementation of evidence-based practices by advancing knowledge on contributors to implementation success. Specific aims were to characterize implementation leaders’ behaviors that facilitate implementation and examine the effect of workforce (relative to others’) engagement and learning activities. Scope: We focused on implementation of practices to improve treatment time for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, a common type of heart attack ; less than 50% of U.S. hospitals had median treatment times compliant with the national guideline at the time, and most had not implemented recommended practices. We studied a sample of hospitals that joined the D2B Alliance campaign to improve. Methods: A mixed - methods study, using qualitative data from interviews with staff at 12 hospitals, quantitative survey data from more than 500 hospitals, and treatment times from HospitalCompare. Results: Much of implementation leaders’ behavior focuses on addressing implementation challenges. We found consistency in strategies identified as effective. Whether staff voiced their improvement ideas was influenced by characteristics of individuals, work, organizational context, data, and the external environment. These factors shaped staff’s sense of safety, efficacy, opportunity, and/or legitimacy, all of which affected their willingness to voice. The benefit of accessing different organizational groups for implementing practices depended on whether the practice was role changing or time changing for staff. Implementing imported practices helped hospitals achieve initial - phase but not later - phase improvement. Once hospitals entered the later phase, significant improvement required creative problem solving.
An update on combination therapies for multiple sclerosis: where are we now?

ABSTRACT Introduction In theory, combination of two agents, which are suboptimal when given individually, may result in a significant increase in therapeutic effect. Combination therapies have proven particularly effective against infections such as HIV, cancer, and also chronic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Areas covered The authors review the literature, searching for randomized placebo-controlled or comparative, double-blind or investigator-blinded clinical trials, not including open label clinical trials, of treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with combination therapy or add-on therapy, including trials of induction therapy, trials for prevention of disease activity or worsening, amelioration of adverse effects, and treatment of relapses, and trials to increase remyelination. Expert opinion Combination of two platform therapies (Interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate) was without additional effect. Clinical trials with add-on, often applying repurposed drugs (e.g. simvastatin, atorvastatin, minocycline, estriol, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, albuterol, vitamin D), have been negative, apart from monthly methylprednisolone that, however, had low tolerability. Combination therapy for neuroprotection/remyelination showed some interesting results, though we are still awaiting results of phase III trials. The results of combination of anti-inflammatory therapies have in general been disappointing. In the future, combination of new effective neuroprotective/remyelinating drugs and highly effective anti-inflammatory treatments may benefit people with MS.
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga

The purpose of the study was to examine the correlation between physical fitness and the concentration of West Java gymnastics athletes. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative method with correlational design. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling, involving seventeen young athletes (9 women and 8 men; age 19.71 ± 4.22 years, height 1.57 ± 0.07 m, body mass 52.4 ± 7 .58 kg) who were members of PPLP (Student Sport Education and Training Center) and Pelatda (Regional Training Center). The instruments used in this study were a physical condition test (sit and reach test, trunk lift test, standing stork test, whole body reaction, hurdle jump test, 12 core stability test, and beep test) for physical fitness and a concentration grid test for measuring concentration ability. The data processing and analysis results found a correlation of (r = 0.50 with a p - value of 0.041<0.05) and a coefficient of determination of 25%. It concludes that there is a correlation between physical fitness and the concentration of West Java gymnastic athletes. Physical fitness is a crucial aspect for an athlete to meet the needs of movement and to perform optimal gymnastic movements without feeling excessive tired, so that they can maintain concentration when practicing or competing. Therefore, activities that can improve physical fitness are considered beneficial in increasing concentration abilities.
Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using: Mullins N, Galvin SL, Ramage M, et al. Buprenorphine and Naloxone Versus Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. J Addict Med. 2020;14(3):185-192. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000562 for a woman with opioid use disorder during pregnancy.
Making Translators Privacy-aware on the User's Side

We propose PRISM to enable users of machine translation systems to preserve the privacy of data on their own initiative. There is a growing demand to apply machine translation systems to data that require privacy protection. While several machine translation engines claim to prioritize privacy, the extent and specifics of such protection are largely ambiguous. First, there is often a lack of clarity on how and to what degree the data is protected. Even if service providers believe they have sufficient safeguards in place, sophisticated adversaries might still extract sensitive information. Second, vulnerabilities may exist outside of these protective measures, such as within communication channels, potentially leading to data leakage. As a result, users are hesitant to utilize machine translation engines for data demanding high levels of privacy protection, thereby missing out on their benefits. PRISM resolves this problem. Instead of relying on the translation service to keep data safe, PRISM provides the means to protect data on the user's side. This approach ensures that even machine translation engines with inadequate privacy measures can be used securely. For platforms already equipped with privacy safeguards, PRISM acts as an additional protection layer, reinforcing their security furthermore. PRISM adds these privacy features without significantly compromising translation accuracy. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of PRISM using real-world translators, T5 and ChatGPT (GPT-3.5-turbo), and the datasets with two languages. PRISM effectively balances privacy protection with translation accuracy.
Lessons from the Netherlands for Australia: cross-country comparison of trends in antidepressant dispensing 2013-2021 and contextual factors influencing prescribing.

BACKGROUND There is concern internationally about increasing antidepressant use. Most antidepressants are prescribed in general practice. The aim of this study was to compare trends in antidepressant dispensing in Australia and the Netherlands over the 9years from 2013 to 2021, and to explore reasons for differences. METHODS A convergent mixed methods study including analysis of publicly available antidepressant dispensing data obtained from Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and the Dutch Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics and a search of relevant literature to compare contextual factors influencing prescribing were undertaken. RESULTS In 2013, antidepressant dispensing rates in Australia were nearly twice as high as those in the Netherlands (82.5 versus 44.3DDD/1000/day) and increased to be more than twice as high by 2021 (115.6 versus 48.8DDD/1000/day). Antidepressant dispensing increased by 40% in Australia over the nine study years, but by only 10% in the Netherlands. Our scan of the literature confirms that while population factors, health system structure, and clinical guideline recommendations are largely consistent across the two countries, a multifaceted approach in the Netherlands involving improved access to non-pharmacological alternatives, initiatives targeting safer antidepressant prescribing, and tight regulation of pharmaceutical industry influence on prescribers, has successfully curtailed increasing antidepressant use. CONCLUSIONS Australia may learn from the Netherlands' approach to redress increasing antidepressant use.
Quantum chaos, integrability, and late times in the Krylov basis

Quantum chaotic systems are conjectured to display a spectrum whose fine-grained features (gaps and correlations) are well described by Random Matrix Theory (RMT). We propose and develop a complementary version of this conjecture: quantum chaotic systems display a Lanczos spectrum whose local means and covariances are well described by RMT. To support this proposal, we first demonstrate its validity in examples of chaotic and integrable systems. We then show that for Haar-random initial states in RMTs the mean and covariance of the Lanczos spectrum suffices to produce the full long time behavior of general survival probabilities including the spectral form factor, as well as the spread complexity. In addition, for initial states with continuous overlap with energy eigenstates, we analytically find the long time averages of the probabilities of Krylov basis elements in terms of the mean Lanczos spectrum. This analysis suggests a notion of eigenstate complexity, the statistics of which differentiate integrable systems and classes of quantum chaos. Finally, we clarify the relation between spread complexity and the universality classes of RMT by exploring various values of the Dyson index and Poisson distributed spectra.
Correspondences of the Third Kind: Camera Pose Estimation from Object Reflection

Computer vision has long relied on two kinds of correspondences: pixel correspondences in images and 3D correspondences on object surfaces. Is there another kind, and if there is, what can they do for us? In this paper, we introduce correspondences of the third kind we call reflection correspondences and show that they can help estimate camera pose by just looking at objects without relying on the background. Reflection correspondences are point correspondences in the reflected world, i.e., the scene reflected by the object surface. The object geometry and reflectance alters the scene geometrically and radiometrically, respectively, causing incorrect pixel correspondences. Geometry recovered from each image is also hampered by distortions, namely generalized bas-relief ambiguity, leading to erroneous 3D correspondences. We show that reflection correspondences can resolve the ambiguities arising from these distortions. We introduce a neural correspondence estimator and a RANSAC algorithm that fully leverages all three kinds of correspondences for robust and accurate joint camera pose and object shape estimation just from the object appearance. The method expands the horizon of numerous downstream tasks, including camera pose estimation for appearance modeling (e.g., NeRF) and motion estimation of reflective objects (e.g., cars on the road), to name a few, as it relieves the requirement of overlapping background.