Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correção da acidez do solo, crescimento radicular e nutrição do milho de acordo com a calagem na superfície em sistema plantio direto

Os efeitos das alteracoes quimicas do solo, decorrentes da calagem na superficie, em sistema plantio direto, no crescimento radicular e na nutricao do milho nao sao muito conhecidos. Com o objetivo de estudar a correcao da acidez do solo, o crescimento de raizes de milho (hibrido AG 9090), a nutricao da planta e seus reflexos sobre a producao de graos, considerando a aplicacao superficial de calcario no sistema plantio direto, foi realizado um experimento em um Latossolo Vermelho distrofico textura media, em Ponta Grossa (PR). O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com tres repeticoes. As parcelas receberam quatro doses de calcario dolomitico na superficie (0, 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1), em julho de 1993, e, nas subparcelas, foram reaplicadas duas doses de calcario dolomitico na superficie (0 e 3 t ha-1), em junho de 2000. A calagem, apos 92 meses, aumentou o pH, o Ca trocavel e a saturacao por bases e reduziu o Al trocavel do solo, ate a profundidade de 0,60 m. A reaplicacao de calcario, apos nove meses, proporcionou aumento no pH, Ca trocavel e saturacao por bases e reducao no Al trocavel do solo, ate a profundidade de 0,20 m. A reacao do calcario reaplicado na superficie foi mais rapida em condicoes de maior acidez do solo. Nao houve limitacao do crescimento radicular e da producao de milho para concentracao de 10 mmolc dm-3 de Al trocavel, na ausencia de deficit hidrico em solo com alto teor de materia orgânica, mas a calagem na superficie melhorou a distribuicao relativa de raizes na presenca de solo compactado. O calcario dolomitico aplicado na superficie em plantio direto proporcionou reducao no teor de K no tecido foliar do milho, sem alterar a producao de graos.
Analysis of the self-pulsing operating mode of a microdischarge

The self–pulsing regime of a microhollow cathode discharge in argon is reported. The plasma is generated inside the hole drilled in an anode–dielectric–cathode device. The hole dimension ranges from 200 to 400 µm and the gas pressure ranges from 40 to 200 Torr. It is shown by optical spectroscopy and fast CCD imaging that the current pulse is related to a fast expansion of the plasma outside the microhole on the cathode backside. The pulse current duration ranges from 0.4 to 2 µs depending on the gas pressure. The self-pulsing regime occurs at medium current range (0.1–1 mA). At lower current the discharge is steady and the plasma is confined inside the hole (abnormal regime); at higher current, the plasma is steady and the plasma expands outside the hole on the cathode backside. The self-pulsing frequency is a linear function of the averaged discharge current and decreases with the device capacitance. The dependence of the self-pulsing characteristics (frequency, light emission, power deposition, etc) on the gas pressure follows a Paschen-like law; this is interpreted in considering that the fast expansion of the plasma outside the hole is similar to a gas breakdown. A simple electrical model, using a bistable voltage-controlled variable resistor to simulate the evolution of the plasma impedance, provides qualitative results in good agreement with the experiments.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Enantiopure Precursors of Chiral Bidentate and Tridentate Phosphorus Catalysts

The Candida antarctica lipase (CAL-B)-catalyzed acetylation of racemic 2-hydroxymethylphenyl(methyl)phenylphosphine oxide, performed in diethyl ether, led to kinetic resolution with an unusually high enantioselectivity (E=3000). The CAL-B-mediated desymmetrization of prochiral bis(2-hydroxymethylphenyl)methylphosphine oxide gave, via its enantioselective monoacetylation, the corresponding monoacetate in 80% yield and with ee>98%. The latter transformation allowed us to efficiently transform the prochiral substrate into the enantiomerically pure product in one single step. In both cases the stereogenic or prostereogenic phosphorus atom and the reacting hydroxy oxygen are distant from each other by four bonds. The absolute configurations of all the products were determined by a chemical correlation and X-ray analysis. The products will be used as enantiopure substrates in the preparation of a variety of chiral organophosphorus ligands/catalysts for asymmetric synthesis.
Title Human capital accumulation, economic growth and transitional dynamics in a dual economy Sub Title

In this paper, we analyze the transitional dynamic properties of a growth model of a dual economy in which dualism lies in the mechanism of human capital accumulation of two types of individuals. We derive the conditions under which the saddle path converging to the steady-state growth equilibrium point is unique and the conditions under which equilibrium growth path may be indeterminate.
Verification of protein structures : Side-chain planarity

Nine of the 20 natural amino acids contain a planar group in their side chains. For these groups, normal deviations from planarity were derived by the study of similar fragments in accurately determined small molecule structures. Comparison of these deviations with values found from a representative set of high-quality protein structures revealed that the planarity of the aromatic residues and arginine in protein structures is comparable to similar fragments in small molecules. For Asn, Gin, Asp and Glu, however, the deviations are up to twice as large as in comparable small-molecule structures, suggesting that adding an extra planarity restraint for these residue types could improve refinement procedures.
S-VVAD: Visual Voice Activity Detection by Motion Segmentation

We address the challenging Voice Activity Detection (VAD) problem, which determines "Who is Speaking and When? " in audiovisual recordings. The typical audio-based VAD systems can be ineffective in the presence of ambient noise or noise variations. Moreover, due to technical or privacy reasons, audio might not be always available. In such cases, the use of video modality to perform VAD is desirable. Almost all existing visual VAD methods rely on body part detection, e.g., face, lips, or hands. In contrast, we propose a novel visual VAD method operating directly on the entire video frame, without the explicit need of detecting a person or his/her body parts. Our method, named S-VVAD, learns body motion cues associated with speech activity within a weakly supervised segmentation framework. Therefore, it not only detects the speakers/not-speakers but simultaneously localizes the image positions of them. It is an end-to-end pipeline, person-independent and it does not require any prior knowledge nor pre-processing. S-VVAD performs well in various challenging conditions and demonstrates the state-of-the-art results on multiple datasets. Moreover, the better generalization capability of S-VVAD is confirmed for cross-dataset and person-independent scenarios.
Antimicrobial Effects of Trachyspermum ammi and Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil Topical Formulations on Pathogenic Fung

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of semisolid formulations of Trachyspermum ammi and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils against five common strains of pathogenic fungi was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. The results indicated that 1 % v/w of T. ammi and C. citratus oils prepared in some bases exhibited remarkable antifungal activity with zone inhibition diameters greater than those for standard antifungal agents. The growth of all five fungal strains was inhibited when T. ammi and C. citratus oil were formulated separately in macrogol blend ointment or hydrophilic ointment base. The properties of base into which the oil was incorporated affected its activity. The hydrophilic formulations exhibited higher antifungal activities compared to their lipophilic counterparts and all the formulations were intended for topical use. Keywords : Agar well diffusion, antifungal activity, essential oils, semisolid formulation,zone of inhibition. The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 9 (3) 2006: pp. 62-66
EFFECT OF GROUND AND NATURAL ZEOLITE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT

This study was conducted in the area of Basatin Mohamed Ali, located in the Muthana Governorate for the winter season 2017-2018 to study the effect of zeolite metal on the physical properties of the soil of the experiment. The study investigated the effect of 4 levels of natural zeolite metal: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 4 levels of ground zeolite 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%. The experiment was carried out by designing the whole randomized sections with three replicates.The use of zeolite metal in both its natural form and the mill resulted in increasing the properties of the plant height, the area of the flag leaf, the number of stools and the chlorophyll content significantly. The effect on the traits of the crop if the number of spikes, number of grains, number of spikes and spike length increased with zeolite and the positive effect of 1000 Beans and bio-yield and grain.
MeliusNet: An Improved Network Architecture for Binary Neural Networks

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are neural networks which use binary weights and activations instead of the typical 32-bit floating point values. They have reduced model sizes and allow for efficient inference on mobile or embedded devices with limited power and computational resources. However, the binarization of weights and activations leads to feature maps of lower quality and lower capacity and thus a drop in accuracy compared to their 32-bit counterparts. Previous work has increased the number of channels or used multiple binary bases to alleviate these problems. In this paper, we instead present an architectural approach: MeliusNet. It consists of alternating a DenseBlock, which increases the feature capacity, and our proposed ImprovementBlock, which increases the feature quality. Experiments on the ImageNet dataset demonstrate the superior performance of our MeliusNet over a variety of popular binary architectures with regards to both computation savings and accuracy. Furthermore, BNN models trained with our method can match the accuracy of the popular compact network MobileNet-v1 in terms of model size and number of operations. Our code is published online: https://github.com/hpi-xnor/BMXNet-v2
Crop growth analysis of grass pea in relation to thermal condition in new alluvial zone of West Bengal

In order to study the effect of thermal condition on crop growth of grass pea, field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2016-2017 at the Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design with nine treatments (nine dates of sowing starting from 26 October to 21 December at weekly interval). Crop sown on 16 November produced highest leaf area index at 42 DAS (0.56), 63 DAS (0.89) and at the time of harvest (1.39). During 63 DAS to 84 DAS, crop growth rate was positively correlated with maximum, minimum and average air temperatures (r = 0.70*). Diurnal temperature difference during 63 DAS to 84 DAS showed harmful effect on relative growth rate (r = -0.69*) while during 84 DAS to harvest, diurnal temperature difference showed significant positive effect on NAR (r = 0.67*). The influence of temperature and thermal indices on crop growth parameters varied as growth stages and sowing dates changed.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Steam Extract from The Bamboo Species

Natural plant extract has been the subject of intense research aiming in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of their chemopreventive effects upon various forms of human cancers. The objective of our study was to evaluate the natural antioxidants and anticancer agent potential of Phyllostachys. The chemical composition of steam extract from Phyllostachys was carried out using GC-MS. The steam extract of Phyllostachys was dominated by monoterpenes (62.96% - 71.36%) and sesquiterpenes (23.58% - 33.13%) as the main compounds. The antioxidant activities of the steam extract was determined using a DPPH scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity test systems. Furthermore, the amounts of total phenolics in steam extract were determined spectrometrically The steam extract of P. pubescens and P. bambusoides were presented the high activity (69.4% and 64.0%, respectively.). The steam extract from Pyllostachys species showed a hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of approximately 50.4% - 54.6% when compared to that of the standard gallic acid. The anticancer activities of steam extract were determined using a MTT assay. Assessment of the cytotoxic effect of the steam extract on PC-3 cells showed that the P. bambusoides (20.85%) and P. pubescens (20.41%) were superior in induced cytotoxicity compared with the steam extract of P. nigra var. henonis (1.15%). Findings from this study indicated that steam extract of P. bambusoides and P. pubescens possessed potential as medicinal drug especially in prostate cancer treatment.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SOME CHEMICAL (FYLEX), NANOPARTICLES (MGO) AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN INHIBITING OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS

The Fylex extract exert a high inhibition effect against A . flavus growth on PDA medium, as the fungus growth was completely inhibited by 100% at a concentration of 0.2 and 0.3% of studied extract, while the lowest inhibition percentage (71%) was found at a concentration of 0.1%. Whereas magnesium oxide nanoparticles showed the highest inhibition ratio of A. flavus (100%) was detected at 0.2% and the lowest inhibition ratio (81.66%) was at concentration 0.5%. Moreover, the addition of G. lucidum powder to PDA medium with a concentration of 2.5 mg increased the inhibition rate of A. flavus growth which was 54.4%, while the lowest inhibition ration (18.22%) was found at a concentration of 1000 mg. The milky liquid (brocade milk) of Calotropis porcera plant showed the highest rate of inhibition against A. flavus growth at a concentration of 0.5%, which was (64.88%), while the lowest rate of inhibition (53.33%) was seen at a concentration of 0.1%. The results of the current study indicated that the studied treatments have a high inhibitory efficiency against the growth of A. flavus.
THE ROLE OF THE BREED AND SOME NON-GENETIC FACTORS IN THE TRAITS OF MILK PRODUCTION FOR LOCAL AWASSI EWES AND IRANIAN KARAKUL AND THEIR CROSSES

This study was conducted on 90 ewes in the animal field of Al-Kafil station for Abbasia threshold office. in the holy Karbala province, Karbala Najaf road / Iraq for the period from 15 April 2019 until 15 May 2020. The overall average daily and total milk production and length of lactation was 0.677 kg / day, 85.197 kg and 124.81 days, respectively and the genetic group had a highly significant effect (P <0.01) on daily and total milk production and the milk production curve during all study weeks. The group of Al-Awassi crossbred with karakul on both breeds, while there was no difference between the two breeds and their crossings in the length of the milking season. No significant effect of the month of birth was observed on the studied traits, despite the excelled for the ewes born in the month of November compared to the ewes during the month of December. The weight of the mother at birth had a significant effect (P <0.01) on the total milk production and the length of the milking season and (P <0.05) in the daily milk production and the milk production curve except for week 16 did not show significant differences due to the mother’s weight, the mother’s age showed a significant effect (p <0.05) in all studied characteristics except for the sixth and sixteenth week, The lamb sex had a highly significant effect (p <0.01) on daily and total milk production during the weeks (12 and 16), while (P <0.05) at the rest of the measurement weeks, as the ewes with male births, achieved excelled to the ewes with female births and lack of significant effect in length milk season, No significant sign of lambing type was observed in the studied traits except for the second week. And conclude from the study that the majority of the factors studied have an important impact on the traits of milk production, which requires studying it and determining its impact and attention to the administrative aspects of the herd to raise the level of performance and increase the economic return.
Oxygen precipitation in Czochralski grown silicon heat treated at 525 °C

The diffusion of interstitial oxygen in silicon at 525 °C is studied using time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to separate the elastic scattering from oxygen-containing aggregates from the inelastic scattering from neutron–phonon interactions. The growth of oxygen-containing aggregates as a function of time gives a diffusion coefficient, D, calculated from Ham's theory, that is a factor of ∼3.8 ± 1.4 times higher than that expected by extrapolation of higher and lower temperature data (D = 0.13exp(−2.53 eVkT−1) cm2 s−1). This result confirms previous observations of enhanced diffusion at intermediate temperatures (400 °C–650 °C) although the magnitude of the enhancement we find is much smaller than that reported by some others.
Density functional study of carbon doping in ZnO

The formation energy and charge states of substitutional and interstitial C impurities and their complexes in ZnO have been studied using density functional theory calculations. While single CZn defects have the highest absolute stability, interstitial C in n-type ZnO prefers to form interstitial C2 pairs or CZn–Ci complexes, thereby lowering the defect formation energy. Moreover, those atomic C impurities that have low formation energy are found to be nonmagnetic in their stable charge states. However, both in p-type and n-type ZnO, certain charge states of C2 complexes possessing a spin magnetic moment are identified. This might give a clue why both p-type and n-type magnetism have been reported for C-doped ZnO samples.
EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL FACTORS ON THE MYCELIAL GROWTH AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF PYTHIUM APHANIDERMATUM (EDSON) FITZP. CAUSING TOMATO DAMPING OFF

The disease is both soil borne and seed borne and is world wide in distribution. Exploratory studies were made on culture media and various nutrient sources on the mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum. Among the different media tested, Potato dextrose agar medium supported maximum mycelia growth and biomass production of Pythium spp. (87.82 mm and 508.95 mg). Among these, isolates I4 significantly recorded maximum mycelial growth in all medium which recorded mean mycelial growth and mycelia dry weight of P. aphanidrermatum (72.33 mm and 358.06 mg). The growth of the pathogen in different carbon sources amended solid and liquid media, exhibited significant differences between the treatments. Of these, glucose as carbon source promoted maximum mycelial growth of 89.80 mm and mycelia dry weight of 620.57 mg in liquid media. With regard to the different nitrogen sources tested both in solid and liquid media, Sodium nitrate promoted maximum mycelial growth (90.00 mm) and mycelia dry weight (610.54 mg) followed by ammonium nitrate which recorded the mycelia growth of 87.25 mm and mycelia dry weight of 607.00 mg. Hence, each and every pathogen may require different nutritional sources for their growth and development.
Effect of weed management practices on weeds and yield of wheat under organic conditions of North-West Himalayas

A field experiment was conducted at Model Organic farm of CSKHPKV, Palampur during rabi 2015-16 to assess the impact of seedbed manipulations and weed management methods in organically grown wheat. The results indicated that stale seedbed registered significantly lower density and dry matter accumulation of grassy and broadleaf weeds over standard seedbed. The significantly higher wheat grain yield (2711 kg/ha) was recorded in standard seedbed as compared to stale seedbed (2540 kg/ha). Gram intercropping + one manual hoeing being statistically at par with two manual hoeings recorded lower weed dry matter accumulation and higher weed control efficiency in grassy (73.58%) and broadleaf weeds (80.70%). Two manual hoeings produced significantly higher wheat grain yield (3796 kg/ha) as compared to other treatments.
De-biasing Neural Networks with Estimated Offset for Class Imbalanced Learning

The imbalanced distribution of the training data makes the networks biased to the frequent classes. Existing methods to resolve the problem involve re-sampling, reweighting, or cost-sensitive learning. Most of them anticipate that emphasizing the minority classes during the training would help the network to learn better representations. In this paper, we propose a method for reparameterizing softmax classifiers’ offsets so that training is less sensitive to class imbalance. We first observe that the trained offset of the baseline linear classifier is biased toward the majority classes due to the imbalance. Instead of the trained offset, we define the estimated offset, and constrain it to be uniform over the classes. In experiments with long-tailed benchmarks, our method exhibits the best performance. These experiments verify that our proposed method effectively encourages the networks to learn better representations for minority classes while preserving the performance for the majority classes.
CROP RESIDUES COMPARATIVE PRICE AND QUALITY ANALYSIS IN WEST AFRICA-A CASE FROM NIGER

A survey was conducted in rural and urban fodder markets in Niger to understand better trading pricing and quality of crop residues. On fortnightly basis prices and feed, samples were collected o from July 2014 to June 2015 from two rural (Gazaoua and Kollo) and two urban (Niamey, Maradi) markets. The sample analyzed for nitrogen, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid (ADF) detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy content. Data were analyzed using SAS GLM procedures for variance and correlation. Results indicated a total of 635 samples collected from the market. Faidherbia was the most expensive feed. Cowpea haulms (average 160 CFA/kg) were sold consistently at higher prices than groundnut haulms (120 CFA/kg). Fodder quality traits of cowpea haulm were always superior to those of groundnut haulms. Correlation between prices and between qualities (p<0.05) for N, NDF, AFD, ME and IVMOD. Significant (p<0.05) difference in prices in different markets. Among the analyzed legume residues cowpea haulms reported having better in N, NDF, ADF, ADL, IVMOD and ME traits than groundnut haulms. The high price premium of cowpea relative to groundnut haulm emphasizes attention to haulm fodder quality.
Effect of electrode surface roughness on breakdown in SF6-N2 and SF6-CO2 gas mixtures

The effect of electrode surface roughness on the breakdown potential in SF6, SF6-N2, and SF6-CO2 has been measured and calculated using two surface-roughness models (a multi-ridge model and a single-needle-tip-protrusion model). The calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results, indicating that although the addition of N2 or CO2 to SF6 reduces the sensitivity of its dielectric strength to electrode surface imperfections, the breakdown strength of SF6 gas remains higher than that of SF6-N2 and SF6-CO2 (50%-50%) even when pR for the multi-ridge model is as great as 40 kPa mm representing an exceptional surface imperfection in engineering application conditions. Only in the case of a single needle-tip protrusion can the dielectric strength of the SF6-CO2 be slightly higher than that of SF6 gas, and in no case will the dielectric strength of SF6-N2 exceed that of pure SF6 as has been reported by some previous investigators.