Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on constraints and adoption of black gram seed production technologies by the farmers of Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu

The field demonstration on IPT for quality seed production in blackgram was conducted in 4 villages comprising of 76 locations of Nagapattinam District in Cauvery delta zone under Tamil Nadu – Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Bodies Restoration and Management Project (TN-IAMP) during April 2018 – June 2018 by Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu. The impact assessment with reference to increase in knowledge levels of farmers regarding scientific package of practices, extent of adoption of selected technology and percent adoption of production technology was carried out in all five blocks. The data on overall adoption level of black gram grower about recommended cultivation practices revealed that majority of the respondent had medium level of adoption of the cultivation practices (55.26%) while 31.58 and 13.16 % of them adopted of recommended cultivation practices in low and high level adoption respectively. The productivity achieved under demonstration over farmer’s practices created awareness and motivated the other farmers to adopt critical innovations for blackgram cultivation viz., selection of high yielding varieties, integrated nutrient management particularly post flowering nutrient management, integrated pest management and other technology of blackgram.
Differential of Antioxidant Ability, CD4+T Cells Count and Viral Load in HIV Infected Patients on cART in Yaounde, Cameroon

Background: Decreased antioxidant ability is one of the worsening conditions in AIDS. We aimed to evaluate total antioxidant ability among others, and their variation in HIV infected patients following their CD4+ T cells count and viral load, in a context of new ART scarcity in most LMICs. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study on 167 individuals (76 controls, 33 treatments naïve and 58 HIV-1 infected patients on ART). We assessed their plasma total antioxidant ability (FRAP), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol (SH) groups using standard spectrophotometric methods, then we calculated Lipid Peroxidation Index (LPI). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Data were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired t-test for two groups’ comparison and ANOVA for more than two groups. Pearson correlation between CD4+ T cells count, viral load and the above markers was determined; P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The following controls/naïve/treated subjects’ values for FRAP (mM) (1.907 ± 0.074/1.77 ± 0.05/1.695 ± 0.03); MDA (μΜ) (0.781 ± 0.081/1.115 ± 0.118/1.342 ± 0.109); SH (μΜ) (2.747 ± 0.130/1.582 ± 0.197/1.498 ± 0.140) and LPI (0.43 ± 0.61/ 0.61 ± 0.7/2.59 ± 0.83) were all obtained with P ≤ 0.05. The FRAP increased only with 3TC+TDF+EFV and 3TC+ABC+NVP cART while MDA decrease significantly with the later (p=0.027). MDA and LPI significantly increased in heavily treated patients with p<0.0014 and p=0.0001 respectively. Overall, the patients showed an increase of viral loads following a decrease of CD4+ T cells (r= -0.803, p=0.016) but 3TC+TDF+EFV seem to better manage the both. The only significant correlation was established between SH groups and CD4+Tcells count (r=0.447; p=0.0006). Conclusion: Our study showed that thiol groups may be protective against CD4+Tcells count depletion and that the cART 3TC+TDF+EFV, 3TC+ABC+NVP may be helpful in fighting against free radical generation and particularly 3TC+TDF+EFV as controlling CD4+ T cells count and viral load in long term treated patients. The study particularly showed the implication of cART in increasing lipid peroxidation index following the treatment duration in heavily treated patients, which aggravated their conditions in an area where drug options are limited, calling for new drugs availability and personalized medicine.
Association between Sleep Problems and Sedentary Behaviors during Work among Korean Workers

Background: We aimed to identify the association between sleep problems and sedentary behaviors during work among Korean workers. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional survey, and analyzed data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey, conducted in 2017. The participants were 50,205 workers aged 15 years and above. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, chi-square distribution, and logistic regression. Results: Sleep problems occurred more frequently among female participants with higher ages; those with low educational levels; skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers; elementary workers; and service and sales workers. With general characteristics as control variables, it was found that the odds of sleep problems were 5.547 times higher if the duration of sedentary behavior was longer. Conclusion: It is important to improving work environment and provide education on various physical activities for workers with a long duration of sedentary behaviors to reduce sleep problems among them.
Clinicopathological Consequences of Urinary Retention due to Urolithiasis in Indigenous Goats

The current research has been conducted to determine the haemato-biochemical and urological changes in goats with obstructive urolithiasis. The overall occurrence of urolithiasis of the last ten years was recorded from Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. A total of 115 cases were recorded where 63% (n=73) were at the age of up to 6 months, 17% (n=19) were at the age between 7-12 months and 20% (n=23) of affected goats were >12 months old. Male goats were highly susceptible (n=110, 95.67%) than female (n=5, 4.33%). Occurrence in the winter (October-March) was higher (n=49, 42%) than rainy (n=45, 40%) and summer (n=21, 18%) season. In term of haematological variables, Hb (10.20 ± 0.47 gm/dL), PCV (28.67 ± 0.67%) and TEC (23.47 ± 0.38 ×106/mm3) were increased whereas TLC (10.63 ± 0.35× 103/mm3) and ESR (0.03 ± 0.03%) values were decreased in urolithiasis goats. Some important enzymes such as ALT (25.50 ± 0.25 IU/L), AST (16.20 ± 0.3 IU/L), and Creatinine (2.90 ± 0.35 mg/dL) were increased significantly in affected goats. But the values of serum Bilirubin (0.67 ± 0.12 mg/dL) were decreased in affected patients. Glucose level (6.50 ± 0.44 mmol/L) was elevated in affected goats and Total Protein was decreased (3.73 ± 0.27 gm/dL) in obstructive urolithiasis patients. Body electrolytes such as Na+ (139.20 ± 0.55mmol/L), K+ (4.27 ± 0.26mmol/L) and Cl- (105.63 ± 0.46 mmol/L) were decreased in affected goats. In urinalysis, alkaline urine was found as usual. Proteinuria and calcium oxalate were detected in the urine of affected goats. During the ultrasonographic examination, distended urinary bladder with multiple calculi was observed in the patients of urolithiasis. Based on the above findings, this study might help the field veterinarians for fruitful management of obstructive urolithiasis in goats.
Mobile phone usage and its perceived ill health effects: a cross sectional study in Chennai, India

Indian scenario: Mobile phone users in India have also increased from 581 million in 2014to estimated 800 million mobile phone users in 2019. Smart phone users in India have increased from 251 million users in 2016 to 339 million users in 2018 and it is expected to reach 401 million users by 2020. According to the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) there were 478 million mobile internet users by June 2018. In Urban291 million mobile internet users and in rural187 million rural users by June 2018. 46 per cent of urban users and 57 per cent of rural users are below the age of 25. Young students turned out to be the “most prolific users of most services”, while middle-aged and older men show greater propensity of using social networking and browsing. ABSTRACT
Racing Towards Practical Remote Timing Attacks

Attacks on software become increasingly sophisticated over time and while the community has a good understanding of many classes of vulnerabilities that are commonly exploited, the practical relevance of side-channel attacks is much less understood. One common side-channel vulnerability that is present in many applications today are timing sidechannels which allow an attacker to extract information based on different response times. These side-channel vulnerabilities are easily introduced wherever sensitive values such as credentials or API keys are processed before responding to a client. Even though there is basic awareness of timing side-channel attacks in the community, they often go unnoticed or are flagged during code audits without a true understanding of their exploitability in practice. In this paper, we provide both a tool ’time trial’ and guidance on the detection and exploitability of timing side-channel vulnerabilities in common application scenarios. Specifically, the focus of this paper is on remote timing attacks, which are performed over a LAN, in a cloud environment, or on the Internet. To illustrate this, we first present experimental timing results that demonstrate how precisely timing can be measured and, more importantly, which timing differences can be distinguished remotely. Second, we compare our results with timing differences that are typically encountered in modern web frameworks and servers. The discussed attack scenarios include database queries, message authentication codes, web API keys, OAuth tokens, and login func-
Comparison of Yielding Ability, Yield Component and Harvest Index in New Rice Varieties Bred for Cold Climate Regions

To clarify the high yielding characteristics of new rice varieties recently bred in the cold region of Japan, we examined their yielding ability, yield component and harvest index in 1996 (24 varieties) and 1997 (21 varieties) in comparison with those of four popular varieties refistered after 1970 in the Tohoku region. The grain yield of these varieties was 716∼845 g/m2 in 1996 and 696∼799 g/m2 in 1997, and the difference among the rice varieties was 100∼130 g/m2 in both years. Twenty varieties of the new rice varieties recorded more than 750 n/m2 grain yield in 1996 and 15 varieties in 1997. Compared with popular varieties, the new rice varieties were classified into four groups:1) the varieties having a larger sink due to larger number of spikelets per m2, including Ouu 316 and Ouu 339, 2) the varieties having a larger sink due to a heavier grain weight and similar number of spikelets per m2, including Fukuhibiki, Akita 59 and Manamusume, 3) the varieties having a similar sink size due to a heavier grain weight but smaller number of spikelets per m2, including Okiniiri and Iwanan 6 and 4) the varieties having a similar sink showing a similar number of spikelets per m2 and similar grain weight, including Hananomai and Jyoudeki. These results suggest that in order to breed high yielding rice varieties in the cold region of Japan, we must enlarge the sink capacity by either increasing the number of spikelets per m2 or incresing the grain weight maintaining a similar number of spikelets per m2.
Return rates and reproductive output of captive-reared female mallards

From 1993 to 1995, we evaluated the se of captive-reared, released female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) to increase local breeding populations. A total of 146 females in 1992, 480 in 1993, and 1,140 in 1994 was released onto pothole habitat. Return rates for females released in 1992 and resighted in 1993 were 18-24%. Return rates for females released later were much lower, ranging from 2 to 10%. Released females homed to an average of 1.17 km (SE = 0.28, n = 28) from their original release site. Released birds had low direct recover rates, which suggests poor prefledging or premigratory survival. Comparisons of reproductive output of released females to wild conspecifics were limited by low return rates. Attempting to increase local breeding populations of mallards with released birds is not a viable management technique.
The effect of preconception housing and living conditions on primary infertility among couples in Gaza Strip, Palestine: A case-control study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to address the relationship between housing and living conditions that couples might experience before and after marriage and primary infertility in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods: A case-control study of 160 infertile couples matched residentially with 160 fertile ones was performed in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Infertile couples were chosen from list of patients registered in five fertility centers from 2016 to 2018. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS program version 22 by using descriptive analysis, cross-tabulation, and binary logistic regression. Results: A positive association between using private vendors as a source of drinking water before marriage and primary infertility (P < 0.001) was demonstrated in females and males. Being a refugee (P = 0.036), living near borders (P = 0.011), living in extended families (P = 0.021), paying for rents (P = 0.029), and using septic porous sewer tanks (P = 0.020) provided a positive significant relationship after marriage. Odds of drinking water from rooming tanks before marriage was seven times risk in females (95% Confidential Interval [CI] 1.44 to 32.52, P = 0.020) mostly ovulatory and idiopathic causes, using septic sewer porous tanks held three times risk (95% CI 1.33 to 6.92, P = 0.008) mostly obstructive and ovulatory causes in males and females, respectively and living in extended families held twice risk (95% CI, 1.20-3.56, P = 0.009) mostly nonobstructive causes in males and ovulatory and endometrial causes in females. Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence for the effect of inadequate living conditions on the fertility status of both women and men which opens the gate for further in-depth randomized trials. Journal of Health and Social Sciences 2020; 5,3:355-368 The Italian Journal for Interdisciplinary Health and Social Development
The Peregrine Falcon

(Falco peregrinus) The peregrine falcon is one of nature's swiftest and most beautiful birds of prey. Its name comes from the Latin word peregrinus, meaning " foreigner " or " traveler. " This impressive bird has long been noted for its speed, grace, and aerial skills. Now, it is also a symbol of America's recovering threatened and endangered species. Three subspecies of the peregrine falcon inhabit North America: the American (Falco peregrinus anatum), Arctic (Falco peregrinus tundrius), and Peale's (Falco peregrinus pealei). Peregrine falcons are roughly crow-sized—about 15 to 21 inches long—with a wingspan of about 40 inches. As with many raptors, or birds of prey, females are larger than males. Adults have slate blue-gray wings and backs barred with black; pale undersides; white faces with a black stripe on each cheek; and large, dark eyes. Younger birds are darker below and browner. Peregrine falcons live mostly along mountain ranges, river valleys, and coastlines. Historically, they were most common in parts of the Appalachian Mountains and nearby valleys from New England south to Georgia, the upper Mississippi River Valley, and the Rocky Mountains. Peregrines also inhabited Pacific Coast from Mexico north to Alaska and in the Arctic tundra. The peregrine falcon also is found in other parts of the world. Most peregrines from northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland migrate in the fall to Central and South America. On the way, they often hunt along the barrier islands on the Atlantic and Gulf of
High Skilled Immigration and the Market for Skilled Labor: The Role of Occupational Choice

n recent years, immigration rates have increased dramatically among the most highly skilled workers. How does this in ow a ect labor market outcomes among highly skilled native-born workers? I estimate a general equilibrium model in which individuals adjust to skilled immigration by changing occupations and investing into human capital di erently. Moreover, I estimate the demand functions for native and immigrant workers and nd that skilled immigrants and natives are imperfect substitutes in some occupations and are complements in others. Counterfactual exercises indicate that even large in ows of foreign skilled workers have limited impacts on domestic workers. In particular, the skill rental rates for native science and engineering workers would have been approximately 2% higher if rms were not able to hire more foreigners than they did in 1994. On the other hand, had the U.S. workers been constrained to remain in their original occupations, the adverse impacts of foreign labor competition would be more severe. When natives' occupational choices respond to immigration, the negative e ects are di used. The extent to which this occupational mobility helps to absorb the immigration shock depends not only on the substitution elasticity in the directly a ected occupations, but also on the demand elasticity of native labor in the destination occupations where natives move to. JEL Codes: F22, J61, J23, J24 ∗Department of Economics, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal, QC, H3A 2T7. (email: jie.ma2@mail.mcgill.ca) I am indebted to Fabian Lange, Theodore Papageorgiou, Markus Poschke for their patience, guidance, encouragement support, and deep generosity of time. I would also like to thank Christopher Ferrall for his support and for developing the wonderful software Niqlow. Thanks to the conference/seminar participants at the Barcelona GSE Summer Forum, EALE, IZA, CEA, McGill University, HEC Montreal, and Colgate university for their useful comments. All errors are my own.
Biological Control and the Reproductive Mode of Weeds

(1) The genetic structure of agricultural plant populations has long been recognized as an important factor in their vulnerability or resistance to disease and pest attack. However, in the biological control of weedy plants, the potential significance of the population genetic structure of the target species appears to have been severely underestimated. (2) An examination of the degree of control achieved in eighty-one different control attempts demonstrated a significant correlation between the degree of control achieved and the predominant mode of reproduction of the target plant; asexually reproducing species were effectively controlled significantly more often than sexually reproducing ones. (3) It is argued from this result that the genetic structure of the target species has important implications with respect to the selection of species to be controlled using biological agents.
BCPPA: A Blockchain-Based Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

While Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) can potentially improve driver safety and traffic mangement efficiency (e.g. through timely sharing of traffic status among vehicles), security and privacy are two ongoing issues that need to be addressed. Hence, security solutions such as conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) protocols have been proposed. However, CPPA protocols are generally far from being ready for deployment in VANETs, for example due key/certificate management limitations in PKI-based protocols or intractable private key updating in ID-based protocols. Although serveral blockchain-based CPPA (BCPPA) protocols have been proposed to mitigiate these challenges, there still exist some intractabilities such as revoking private key, or frequent interactions, or requiring an idea hardware. Thus, in this paper, we are motivated to propose a novel BCPPA protocol without these existing issues. Specifically, we present a PKI-based solution (using a typical digital signature protocol, such as ECDSA) based on Ethereum (a public blockchain), which is designed to facilitate secure communication in VANETs. In other words, we combine the blockchain technology and a key derivation algorithm to realize an effective certificate management. This reduces the need for participating vehicles to store a large number of private keys. To reduce the verification time cost, our BCPPA suppotrs replacing ECDSA with modified ECDSA for batch verification or directly adopting other PKI-based signatures with batch verification. In addition to introducing the concrete design, we also present the security requirements that our BCPPA protocol can satisfy. We then implement BCPPA in the Ethereum test network (i.e. Rinkeby) and provide simulations using VanetMobiSim and NS-2 to show its feasibility (i.e. milliseconds).
Discriminant Analysis of Hybridization between Leopard Lizards, Gambelia (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Gambelia silus and G. wislizenii from the San Joaquin Valley and Mojave desert respectively, hybridize in the upper Cuyama River Valley, California. Data from 50 specimens from the contact zone were subjected to multivariate discriminant analysis employing 11 meristic and 6 morphometric characters. Color pattern information was assessed separately by coding character states of 6 color characters. Histograms of color index scores reveal a paucity of phenetically intermediate lizards in both male and female samples. First canonical variable scores for morphological data show females skewed toward parental silus, with relatively few intermediates. In males, the modal classes are situated between the silus and wislizenii reference samples. The greatest heterogeneity in color pattern and morphology seems to be concentrated near Ballinger Canyon, with most of the silus-like lizards occurring to the north and wislizenii-like lizards to the south. The data largely suggest that selective factors are favoring phenotypes approaching the adaptive modes of the parental species. The hybrid zone is associated with an ecotone between grassland (Stipa-Atriplex) and Great Basin shrub desert (Pinus-Juniperus-Artemisia). * * *
Composition Effects in the Labor Market ∗

After controlling for observable characteristics, hazard rates decline with unemployment duration and are procyclical, whereas entry wages fall much less with duration and are also less procyclical. We explore whether these outcomes can be explained both theoretically and quantitatively on the basis of workers’ invariant characteristics and composition variation with unemployment duration and over the business cycle. We build a labor market model in which firms lack information on the qualifications of the candidates and react to the asymmetry of information by designing self-selection schemes. As pointed out by the personnel economics literature, performance-contingent compensation plans are central in such sorting schemes. The other key ingredient of our self-selection mechanism is capital-skill complementarity, which allows firms to target one type of applicants by playing with the capital margin. In the block-recursive equilibrium, workers of different types direct their search towards distinct submarkets and high-skilled workers experience higher job-finding rates and entry wages. We calibrate the model to replicate some salient facts of the US economy. The composition mechanism explains almost one sixth of the 48 percent decline of the monthly hazard rate after three months of unemployment relative to the first week, but exaggerates the wage fall. Regarding the cyclical pattern, we show that the composition components of both hazard rates and entry wages are countercyclical and barely explain the movements of those variables over the cycle. ∗Very preliminary. Please do not cite or circulate without permission. We thank Manuel Arellano, Julián Dı́az, Joan Llull, Edgar Preugschat, and numerous participants at the Search Workshop 2012 at the University of Essex, SaM annual Conference Mainz 2013 and at various seminars, . Fernández-Blanco gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology under Grant Nos. SEJ2007-63098 and 2011/0031/001. †Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Department of Economics, Calle Madrid 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain. Tel: +34 91 624 5734, Email: jferna3@eco.uc3m. es ‡Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Department of Economics, Calle Madrid 126, 28903 Getafe, Madrid, Spain. Tel: +34 91 624 5732, Email: pgomes@eco.uc3m. es.