Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Populist attitudes towards politics and science: how do they differ?

ABSTRACT While populist citizens’ opposition to political elites has been intensively researched, populist criticism of other societal institutions, such as science, has only recently attracted public and scholarly attention. Political and science populism can both be understood as a set of ideas that revolve around an antagonism between a virtuous common people and an evil elite. However, political populism focuses on political power claims and challenges the political elites, whereas science populism addresses truth claims and criticizes the academic elites. Hence, conceptually, both populism variants pit the people against an elite – but they rely on different conceptualizations of the people and the elites, their authority claims, and the alleged (il)legitimacy of these claims. Yet, it remains unclear how distinct these two populism variants are empirically. We address this gap by comparing established scales for measuring individual attitudes towards both variants and provide three take aways: We recommend that scholars should (1) theorize and test the overlaps of the two populism variants, (2) acknowledge their differences and model these accordingly, and (3) consider which variant is better suited for predicting other attitudes or behaviours. Considering these takeaways would allow public opinion research to provide more fine-grained insights into the intricacies of populist attitudes within contemporary societies and challenges.
Transit time instabilities in an inverted fireball. II. Mode jumping and nonlinearities

A fireball is formed inside a highly transparent spherical grid immersed in a dc discharge plasma. The ambient plasma acts as a cathode and the positively biased grid as an anode. A strong nearly current-free double layer separates the two plasmas. Electrons are accelerated into the fireball, ionize, and establish a discharge plasma with plasma potential near the grid potential. Ions are ejected from the fireball. Since electrons are lost at the same rate as ions, most electrons accelerated into the fireball just pass through it. Thus, the electron distribution contains radially counterstreaming electrons. High-frequency oscillations are excited with rf period given by the electron transit time through the fireball. Since the frequency is well below the electron plasma frequency, no eigenmodes other than a beam space-charge wave exists. The instability is an inertial transit-time instability similar to the sheath-plasma instability or the reflex vircator instability. In contrast to vircators, there is no .
A journey to adolescent flourishing: Exploring psychosocial outcomes of outdoor adventure education

There is an increasing appreciation that, in order to prepare learners for success in life, they require a holistic education providing not only academic skills, but also psychosocial competencies (Zins & Elias, 2006). Outdoor adventure education (OAE) shows potential as a way of developing these life skills, which are not easy to incorporate into the school curriculum (Sibthorp & Jostad, 2014). The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the psychosocial outcomes and perceived value of a school-based OAE programme (Journey) for adolescents in South Africa. Data from a convenience sample of 144 Grade 10 learners’ post-Journey surveys, letters to the school principals and interviews with members of the focus groups (n = 20), were thematically analysed using template analysis. Applying the acronym, FLOURISHING, the analysis suggests that while Journey was beneficial for the psychosocial development of most learners, not all perceived value from their experiences. We propose that positive psychosocial outcomes could be enhanced by adopting a strength-based approach to OAE. This study provides a unique sociocultural perspective, corroborating the beneficial effects of OAE and could have implications for pedagogical policy and practice within South Africa (SA) and further afield.
Absorption spectra of Zn i and Cd i in the 1300–1750 Å region

The high-dispersion absorption spectra of Zn i and Cd i have been photographed in the ~1300–1750 A region. Observations include the principal-series transitions ms2 S1-msnp P11°, the electric-quadrupole transitions ms2 1S–msnd1D2, and the intercombination transitions ms2 S1-msnp P31° (m = 4 and 5 for zinc and cadmium, respectively). Energy levels are presented for msnp P11° (m<n≤66), msnp1D2 (m = 4 < n ≤ 20 for Zn i and m = 5 < n ≤ 26 for Cd i) and msnp P31° (m = 4 < n ≤ 12 for Zn i and m = 5 < n ≤ 31 for Cd i). The ionization potentials of Zn i and Cd i determined from the msnp P11° series are 75769.33 ± 0.18 cm−1 and 72540.07 ± 0.18 cm−1, respectively. At high metal-vapor pressures in the presence of argon, diffuse satellite lines appeared with the strong atomic transitions.
A Practical Multi-Stage Grasp Detection Method for Kinova Robot in Stacked Environments

Grasp detection takes on a critical significance for the robot. However, detecting object positions and corresponding grasp positions in a stacked environment can be quite difficult for a robot. Based on this practical problem, in order to achieve more accurate object position detection and grasp position detection, a new method called MMD (Multi-stage network for multi-object grasp detection algorithm) is proposed in this paper. MMD covers two parts, including the feature extractor and the multi-stage object predictor. The feature extractor refers to a deep convolutional neural network that can generate shared feature layers as well as the initial ROIs (region of interest). A multi-stage refiner serves as the multi-stage object predictor, which continuously regresses the initial ROI to obtain more accurate object detection and grasping detection results. Ablation experiments show that the proposed MMD has better grasp detection performance. The specific performance is that the recognition precision achieves a state-of-the-art 76.71% mAPg on the VMRD dataset. Moreover, test experiments demonstrate the feasibility of our method on the Kinova robot.
Quality of Tomato Juice as Influenced by Non-Thermal Air Plasma Treatment

This paper presents the results of an experiment based on using a Glide-arc type plasma reactor operating at atmospheric pressure for the quality of fresh pressed tomato juice, variety Bekas. The impact of after-glow plasma gas (air) on the physicochemical, microbiological properties and morphology of the product’s samples was investigated. Five groups of juices characterized by different exposure times (30, 60, 120, 300 and 600 s), as well as untreated juice (as control) were used. The juice quality was assessed on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 of refrigerated storage. Significant increases were observed when Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP)-treated tomato juice was tested against total soluble solids, pH, lycopene, and vitamin C in comparison to the control treatments. Moreover, changes in the tested physicochemical values during the storage of juice subjected to the action of cold plasma did not progress as quickly as in the case of the control juice. A significant decrease was observed in total plate count, yeast, and mold after 300–600 s CAP treatment. The findings of the current study suggested that CAP treatment is a promising technique that could provide improved quality and stability during the processing of tomato juice with better physicochemical properties and bioavailable nutrients.
The meaning of diabetes for individuals who develop diabetic foot ulcer: a qualitative study informed by social constructivism and symbolic interactionism frameworks

Objective This qualitative inquiry explored the meaning associated with diabetes for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who developed diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methodology This qualitative study used a social constructivism and symbolic interactionism (SI) framework to guide the study design. The participants for this study were 30 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and a DFU who met the research criteria and attended a wound care clinic in Ontario, Canada, between April and August 2017. Results Qualitative content analysis revealed three major subcategories that represent the core category (the meaning of diabetes) along with participants’ perception of having diabetes and its particular complication – 1) diabetes is a life-long disease that you need to live with, 2) diabetes can damage your body, and 3) diabetes can kill you slowly. Conclusions The complexity of self-care and the consequences of unregulated diabetes influenced participants’ perception, meaning, motivation, actions and reactions to diabetes. Understanding that each person with diabetes is unique and may experience or are affected by the disease in different ways helps healthcare providers (HCPs) to better understand how to address each individual’s unique and complex needs.
Propagation losses of the fundamental mode in a single line-defect photonic crystal waveguide on an InP membrane

We have investigated light propagation through a single line-defect photonic crystal waveguide on a InP membrane. Modal analysis was performed using the finite-difference time-domain method. The fundamental mode has been found to be very close to the fundamental mode in a “refractive” waveguide but, in this case, it is inherently leaky. The propagation losses of this mode in the complete three-dimensional structure have been computed and measured to determine if its use could be of interest for practical applications. Propagation losses in the range of 0.1 dB/μm have been found numerically and experimentally for the fundamental mode whereas stronger out-of-plane losses have been observed for the other leaky mode within the band gap. The origins of the out-of-plane losses were then investigated and have clarified the inherent lower leakage of the fundamental mode.
Probiotic Potential of the Marine Isolate Enterococcus faecium EA9 and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Antisepsis Action in Rats

This study aims to obtain a novel probiotic strain adapted to marine habitats and to assess its antisepsis properties using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rodents. The marine Enterococcus faecium EA9 was isolated from marine shrimp samples and evaluated for probiotic potential after phenotypical and molecular identification. In septic animals, hepatic and renal tissues were histologically and biochemically evaluated for inflammation and oxidative stress following the probiotic treatment. Moreover, gene expressions of multiple signaling cascades were determined using RT-PCR. EA9 was identified and genotyped as Enterococcus faecium with a 99.88% identity. EA9 did not exhibit any signs of hemolysis and survived at low pH and elevated concentrations of bile salts. Moreover, EA9 isolate had antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria and could thrive in 6.5% NaCl. Septic animals treated with EA9 had improved liver and kidney functions, lower inflammatory and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes. The CLP-induced necrotic histological changes and altered gene expressions of IL-10, IL-1β, INF-γ, COX-2, SOD-1, SOD-2, HO-1, AKT, mTOR, iNOS, and STAT-3 were abolished by the EA9 probiotic in septic animals. The isolate Enterococcus faecium EA9 represents a promising marine probiotic. The in vivo antisepsis testing of EA9 highlighted its potential and effective therapeutic approach.
Identification of Key Biomarkers and Candidate Molecules in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the lung cancer, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we identified novel biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of NSCLC aiming to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for NSCLC by bioinformatics analysis. Methods From the Gene Expression Omnibus database, GSE118370 and GSE10072 microarray datasets were obtained. Identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma and normal samples was done. By using bioinformatics tools, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, modules were analyzed, and enrichment analyses were performed. The expression and prognostic values of 14 hub genes were validated by the GEPIA database, and the correlation between hub genes and survival in lung adenocarcinoma was assessed by UALCAN, cBioPortal, String and Cytoscape, and Timer tools. Results We found three genes (PIK3R1, SPP1, and PECAM1) that have a clear correlation with OS in the lung adenocarcinoma patient. It has been found that lung adenocarcinoma exhibits high expression of SPP1 and that this has been associated with poor prognosis, while low expression of PECAM1 and PIK3R1 is associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). We also found that the expression of SPP1 was associated with miR-146a-5p, while the high expression of miR-146a-5p was related to good prognosis (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the lower miR-21-5p on upstream of PIK3R1 is associated with a higher surviving rate in cancer patients (P < 0.05). Finally, we found that the immune checkpoint genes CD274(PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2(PD-1) were also related to SPP1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions The results indicated that SPP1 is a cancer promoter (oncogene), while PECAM1 and PIK3R1 are cancer suppressor genes. These genes take part in the regulation of biological activities in lung adenocarcinoma, which provides a basis for improving detection and immunotherapeutic targets for lung adenocarcinoma.
NMR features of a decagonal Al 72.6 Ni 10.5 Co 16.9 quasicrystal

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of a decagonal ${\mathrm{Al}}_{72.6}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{10.5}{\mathrm{Co}}_{16.9}$ single-grain quasicrystal (QC) were investigated by field- and frequency-sweep techniques in two magnetic fields and the $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ relaxation rate was determined. The spectra are strongly inhomogeneously broadened by the electric quadrupole interaction, as evident from the magnetic-field independence of the width of the satellite part of the spectrum and the inverse-field dependence of the width of the central line. The temperature-independent $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ isotropic Knight shift is anomalously low similarly to icosahedral Al-based QCs, whereas the line broadening due to anisotropic Knight shift is minute as compared to the quadrupolar broadening. The $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ resonance was found centered at its Larmor frequency and its temperature-independent frequency shift demonstrates that cobalt is in a nonmagnetic state. The NMR spectra exhibit orientation dependence in a magnetic field. In the twofold rotation pattern, the satellite intensity shows a pronounced orientation-dependent shape and structure, whereas this was not detected in the tenfold pattern. The tenfold rotation pattern of the $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ central line, obtained with the Fourier-transform technique, exhibits a tiny, but significant orientation dependence of the line shape and its center of gravity ${M}_{1}$ with the quasiperiodic symmetry $\ensuremath{\pi}∕5$. The orientation dependence is stronger for rotation about the twofold axis, where the rotation pattern exhibits a periodic symmetry $\ensuremath{\pi}$. We introduce a model that we name as ``stacked planar,'' which reproduces the orientation-dependent shape of the NMR spectra of the decagonal AlNiCo QC for rotation about the periodic axis, whereas\char22{}due to assumed amorphous order within the atomic planes\char22{}it does not yield orientation-dependent spectra for rotation about the quasiperiodic axis.
Stellar weak interaction rates for intermediate-mass nuclei. IV - Interpolation procedures for rapidly varying lepton capture rates using effective log (ft)-values

Simple expressions for continuum electron and positron capture phase space factors and the associated neutrino energy loss integrals are presented in terms of standard Fermi integrals. Continuous approximations to the relevant Fermi integrals and their first derivatives are made. These allow the computation of effective log (ft)--values, at each temperature and density point, for the continuum lepton capture rates considered in the earlier papers in this series. Since the effective log (ft)--values have most of the rapid temperature and density dependence associated with the phase space integrals removed, interpolation in temperature and density to obtain stellar rates is greatly facilitated in speed and accuracy. Computer simulations of stellar evolution will be able to implement more accurately our calculations of the stellar nuclear weak interaction rates of intermediate-mass nuclei. Generalization of the Fermi integral expressions for the lepton continuum capture phase space factors are given for astrophysical environments where there exists an equilibrium distribution of electron-type neutrinos. These allow rough estimates of the effect of neutrino blocking on our tabulated rates and estimates of total neutrino capture rates.
Chest X-ray in Emergency Radiology: What Artificial Intelligence Applications Are Available?

Due to its widespread availability, low cost, feasibility at the patient’s bedside and accessibility even in low-resource settings, chest X-ray is one of the most requested examinations in radiology departments. Whilst it provides essential information on thoracic pathology, it can be difficult to interpret and is prone to diagnostic errors, particularly in the emergency setting. The increasing availability of large chest X-ray datasets has allowed the development of reliable Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to help radiologists in everyday clinical practice. AI integration into the diagnostic workflow would benefit patients, radiologists, and healthcare systems in terms of improved and standardized reporting accuracy, quicker diagnosis, more efficient management, and appropriateness of the therapy. This review article aims to provide an overview of the applications of AI for chest X-rays in the emergency setting, emphasizing the detection and evaluation of pneumothorax, pneumonia, heart failure, and pleural effusion.
Two-dimensional vortex dynamics in a stratified barotropic fluid

We show that two-dimensional ‘point’ vortex dynamics in both a polytropic fluid of γ = 3/2 and an isothermal fluid stratified by a constant gravitational field can be written in Hamiltonian form. We find that the formulation admits only one constant of the motion in addition to the Hamiltonian, so that two vortices are the most for which the motion is generally integrable. We study in detail the two-vortex problem and find a rich collection of behaviour: closed trajectories analogous to the circular orbits of the uniform-fluid two-vortex problem, open trajectories for which the self-propelled vortices scatter off each other, and both unstable and stable steadily translating pairs of vortices. Comparison is made to the case of two vortices in a uniform-density fluid bounded by a wall.
The Increasing Efficiency of the Poleward Energy Transport Into the Arctic in a Warming Climate

This study quantifies the contribution to Arctic winter surface warming from changes in the tropospheric energy transport (Ftrop) and the efficiency with which Ftrop heats the surface in the RCP8.5 warming scenario of the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble. A metric for this efficiency, Etrop, measures the fraction of anomalous Ftrop that is balanced by an anomalous net surface flux (NSF). Drivers of Etrop are identified in synoptic‐scale events during which Ftrop is the dominant driver of NSF. Etrop is sensitive to the vertical structure of Ftrop and pre‐existing Arctic lower‐tropospheric stability (LTS). In RCP8.5, winter‐mean Ftrop decreases from 95.1 to 85.4 W m−2, while Etrop increases by 5.7%, likely driven by decreased Arctic LTS, indicating an increased coupling between Ftrop and the surface energy budget. The net impact of decreasing Ftrop and increasing efficiency is a positive 0.7 W m−2 contribution to winter‐season surface heating.
The Lorenz and the scaled total-time-on-test transform curves: A unified approach

The strong relationship between the Lorenz and scaled total time-on-test transform curves allows measures devised separately for the fields of economics and reliability to be applied to the other field as well. This article shows that, more accurately, the Gini-index and Pietra-ratio can be useful in reliability analysis and that several other questions remain to be explored. Associated graphical methods can be very useful within an integrated approach. A user-friendly computer software developed by the authors is useful to theoreticians and practitioners alike. >
Genetics and Resistance / Génétique et Résistance Virulence characterization of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici , in Turkey from 2018 to 2020

: Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ) is the most devastating disease of wheat in Turkey. Virulence characterization of the Pst population is critical to prevent large-scale epidemics, by developing wheat cultivars with durable resistance against the disease. In this study, 38 Pst races, including 25 races that were not previously reported, were identified from 140 isolates obtained from most regions of Turkey from 2018 to 2020 using a differential set containing 18 single Yr gene wheat lines (NILs) of ‘Avocet’. Virulence to Yr15 was not observed among any of the isolates. Virulence to the remaining 17- Yr genes was detected at various frequencies. The frequencies of virulence to Yr6, Yr9, Yr7, Yr8, Yr43, YrExp2, Yr44, YrTr1 , and Yr27 were high (57.1 to 100.0%), to Yr1, Yr17, Yr32 , and YrTye were moderate (24.3 to 42.9%), and to YrSP, Yr24 , and Yr10 were low (9.3 to 17.1%). Only one race was virulent to Yr5 (0.7%). Many of the races identified were common among regions, indicating that Pst races migrate throughout Turkey. However, the Black Sea (BS) and the Mediterranean (ME) regions were differentiated from other regions by unique races absent in other regions, and the Yr5 -virulent race, respectively. To sum up, the virulences of the races identified and their distributions among regions provided an understanding of pathogen migration and may contribute to the development of resistant wheat cultivars against stripe rust.
LOCUS: Low cost upper atmosphere sounder

We present the results of an instrument concept study for a low cost terahertz sounder of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Recent advances in the development of Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) technology to be used for Local Oscillators (LOs) mean that it has now become viable for the first time to build compact, low weight heterodyne receivers in the terahertz (THz) frequency range [28]. Some of the most important atmospheric constituents of the MLT region, e.g. atomic oxygen (O) and the hydroxyl radical (OH), can only realistically be measured at THz frequencies. The technical challenges of THz remote sensing result in a large uncertainly of the global distribution of these species. Recent research indicates that the MLT region exhibits links to processes associated with climate change. From this follows a strong need to measure the composition and dynamic of the MLT region more accurately and more comprehensively.