Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of the Selenium Ecosystem

Selenium is often considered the de-facto standard framework for end-to-end web testing nowadays. It allows practitioners to drive web browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or Opera) in an automated fashion using different language bindings (such as Java, Python, or JavaScript, among others). The term ecosystem, referring to the open-source software domain, includes various components, tools, and other interrelated elements sharing the same technological background. This article presents a descriptive survey aimed to understand how the community uses Selenium and its ecosystem. This survey is structured in seven categories: Selenium foundations, test development, system under test, test infrastructure, other frameworks, community, and personal experience. In light of the current state of Selenium, we analyze future challenges and opportunities around it.
A structure-function study of the enzymes of the atrazine catabolic pathway

The aim of this study was to develop an understanding of the structure-function relationship of the enzymes from atrazine mineralization pathway from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. This pathway has evolved recently in response to the selection pressure exerted by the extensive use of herbicide atrazine over the past six decades. The pathway is comprised of six hydrolytic enzymes, some of which have recently evolved to possess novel functionalities making them excellent models for studying enzyme evolution. A literature review is presented in chapter 1 with the focus on how the enzyme evolution works in general and how the atrazine mineralizing enzymes have evolved and assembled into a catabolic pathway that achieves the complete mineralization of atrazine. In chapter 2, the X-ray crystal structure of AtzA, the 'archetypal' atrazine chlorohydrolase is presented. The active site of AtzA is studied by structural and in silico docking studies and the comparisons were drawn with the alternative and superior metal-dependent atrazine chlorohydrolase, TrzN. On the basis of structural and previously obtained biochemical data, a plausible reaction mechanism is also presented. Chapter 3 is about the over-expression, purification and attempts made so far to obtain the X-ray structure of AtzB (hydroxyatrazine hydrolase). This enzyme performs the second step in atrazine mineralisation pathway by removing the alkylamine chain from hydroxyatrazine. In chapter 4, the X-ray structure of AtzC with bound inhibitor is presented. This enzyme perform the third step in this pathway by removing the isopropylamine chain from the Nisopropylammelide. The presence of bound inhibitor in the active site guided the in silico substrate docking experiments. The mutagenesis work was performed in the light of substrate interactions information obtained from the docking experiments which allowed us to propose a plausible reaction mechanism for this enzyme. Chapter 5 describes the structure of AtzD, a cyanuric acid hydrolase. The structure represents a novel fold and is termed as the 'toblerone' fold. The structure of AtzD suggests that this novel fold has evolved by the structural concatenation of monomers of the trimeric YjgF superfamily and acquisition of metal binding site. Based on the crystallographic and biochemical data, a plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed. The residues imparting substrate specificity were also identified by making comparisons with a homology model of related barbiturase and the phylogeny of the 68 AtzD-like enzymes in the database were analysed based on this structure-function relationship. In chapter 6, the X-ray structure of the amidase domain of allophanate hydrolase, AtzF, from Pseudomonas sp ADP was presented. The structure was compared with the structures of allophanate hydrolases from other organisms. We have also provided the preliminary evidence to propose that AtzF forms a large, ca. 660 kDa multi-enzyme complex with other two enzymes of cyanuric acid mineralisation pathway.
Executive Function and Planning Features of Students With Different Types of Learning Difficulties in Chinese Junior Middle School

The aim of the present study was to investigate the executive function and planning features of students with different types of learning difficulties. Students with mathematics difficulty (MD; n = 17), reading difficulty (RD; n = 12), and their commonalities (MDRD; n = 22), along with typically academically developing peers (TD; n = 22), were evaluated on an array of cognitive measures (working memory, inhibition, and planning) individually. Results revealed significant differences among groups on various cognitive measures. Students in the MD, RD, and MDRD groups showed poorer performance compared to the TD group on all of the working memory, inhibition, and planning tasks. The MDRD group showed an overall weakness when compared to other groups, indicating severe cognitive deficits in students with MDRD. The RD group showed deficits in inhibition and planning on tasks requiring verbal skills; MD students showed deficits in inhibition and planning on digit-related tasks. However, no salient difference was found among the MD, RD, and TD groups on working memory. Results have implications for understanding the cognitive features of MD, RD, and MDRD. Intervention programs targeting inhibition and planning may be beneficial for improving reading and mathematics achievement in students with learning difficulties.
Event and city image: the effect on revisit intention

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of three sources of social representation (i.e. direct experience of an event, the media and social interaction) on tourists’ formation of event image; to examine the effect of event image, satisfaction and city image on tourists’ revisit intentions to the host city; and to explore the mediating role of city image. Design/methodology/approach This study used the 28th Qingdao International Beer Festival (QIBF) as the case for verifying the relationships in the proposed model. The survey was conducted in Qingdao and 366 valid observations were collected. Structural equation modeling was used to validate the research model. Findings Event image is found to be significantly and positively influenced by direct experience of an event and social interaction. City image and satisfaction are important predictors of revisit intention. The meaning of event image is transferred to city image. City image plays a pivotal role in mediating the effect of event image and satisfaction on revisit intention to the host city. Research limitations/implications This study surveyed Chinese tourists attending QIBF in Qingdao and consequently the outcomes may lack generalizability. This research did not survey foreign tourists. Thus, the differences of attitudes and behaviors between Chinese and foreign tourists are not compared. Practical implications The outcomes provide insights into how a city manager can organize an event to enhance tourists’ intentions to revisit the city. Originality/value This study represents one of the few studies that use both social representation theory and the theory of brand image transfer in examining the influence of external social contexts on tourists’ formation of event image and investigates how the unique meaning of event activities is transferred to city image. In addition, the mediating role of city image is fully explored in this research.
Quantitative Analysis of Drag Reduction Methods for Blunt Shaped Automobiles

In fluid mechanics, drag related problems aim to reduce fuel consumption. This paper is intended to provide guidance for drag reduction applications on cars. The review covers papers from the beginning of 2000 to April 2020 related to drag reduction research for ground vehicles. Research papers were collected from the library of Science Direct, Web of Science, and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Achieved drag reductions of each research paper was collected and evaluated. The assessed research papers attained their results by wind tunnel measurements or calculating validated numerical models. The study mainly focuses on hatchback and notchback shaped ground vehicle drag reduction methods, such as active and passive systems. Quantitative analysis was made for the drag reduction methods where relative and absolute drag changes were used for evaluations.
A Review of the Current Status of Bamboo Usage with Special Emphasis on Orthopedic Rehabilitation

It was found that bamboo has been extensively used as infrastructure material in Asia and Africa due to its exceptional properties. Its usage has ranged from simple fence construction to bridges. Bamboo, as a biodegradable and renewable material, has been used for construction purposes. Both the natural and engineered form of the Bamboo has become a center of focus for most research scientists, materials experts and most important research and development aspects of Industries. The physical and mechanical properties of Bamboo culm in its dry and green state have shown promising prospects and this has further established the need to put together a regulatory body that will help to monitor and create standards for testing and utilizing Bamboo. This paper considered the various applications of Bamboo culm both in the past and present. An area the authors considered in this paper is the use of Bamboo in orthopedics. The number of people with gait dysfunction is fast growing due to population growth, war, ageing and accidents. The cost of orthopedic devices essential to restore function and improve quality of life is not affordable for many. Earlier research in this area suggests that bamboo is a suitable material for orthopedic appliances, especially exoskeleton. Bamboo use in applications such as orthopedic rehabilitation is common in developing countries where traditional bonesetters (TBS) use splints to treat fracture. In spite of the innovative discovery made by researchers in the use of Bamboo, standardization is a major challenge especially in orthopedic application. The focus of our work revealed varieties of Bamboo application.
Life span bias explains live–dead discordance in abundance of two common bivalves

Abstract. Life span bias potentially alters species abundance in death assemblages through the overrepresentation of short-lived organisms compared with their long-lived counterparts. Although previous work found that life span bias did not contribute significantly to live–dead discordance in bivalve assemblages, life span bias better explained discordance in two groups: longer-lived bivalve species and species with known life spans. More studies using local, rather than global, species-wide life spans and mortality rates would help to determine the prevalence of life span bias, especially for long-lived species with known life spans. Here, we conducted a field study at two sites in North Carolina to assess potential life span bias between Mercenaria mercenaria and Chione elevata, two long-lived bivalve species that can be aged directly. We compared the ability of directly measured local life spans with that of regional and global life spans to predict live–dead discordance between these two species. The shorter-lived species (C. elevata) was overrepresented in the death assemblage compared with its live abundance, and local life span data largely predicted the amount of live–dead discordance; local life spans predicted 43% to 88% of discordance. Furthermore, the global maximum life span for M. mercenaria resulted in substantial overpredictions of discordance (1.4 to 1.6 times the observed live–dead discordance). The results of this study suggest that life span bias should be considered as a factor affecting proportional abundances of species in death assemblages and that using life span estimates appropriate to the study locality improves predictions of discordance based on life span compared with using global life span estimates
Dielectric properties of heterogeneous materials

This dissertation is concerned with the passive electrical phenomena (phenomena of dielectric relaxation) which occur due to the interaction of the electric field with heterogeneous systems. Heterogeneous dielectrics are materials with multiple layers or shells, whose permittivities and conductivities have different values. The relaxation mechanism and its time-dependence gives information about the structure of a dielectric. The frequency-dependent components of the real and complex permittivity and conductivity for heterogeneous dielectrics are obtained using Debye equations and the electric parameters of compartments (electric parameters of phase) are correlated with the overall properties of a heterogeneous particle. To the best of our knowledge, the calculations of the field distribution in a double layer dielectric do not feature in the previous literature. It is shown that at periodic voltage, the electric field distribution in a double layer dielectric with losses is similar to the field distribution at a constant voltage in an ideal dielectric. Debye equations as studied by Frohlich in [33] enable comparison with their role in the Maxwell-Wagner two-layer model. The distinct term appearing in the latter is attributed by Hippel to interfacial polarization, arising due to compositional fluctuations and is shape-size dependent. These compositional fluctuations are often caused by chemical reactions within the dielectric, e.g. oxygen diffusion. A time-dependent semilinear singularly perturbed problem which can describe this phenomenon is numerically analysed. The term singularly perturbed refers to a small parameter multiplying a term which changes the character of the equation. This is inversely proportional to the reaction constant and, being very small for fast diffusion reactions, causes high stiffness of the differentiation matrix and makes these types of problems very difficult to compute with usual numerical methods, if not impossible. Thus layer-adapted meshes of Shishkin and Bakhvalov type are used and also the computational errors are estimated. The electrical properties of cells can be determined with two different techniques, the micro electrode and the inclusion (suspension) technique. The first one has the disadvantages of being invasive (the electrode has to be inserted in a living organism), a limited frequency range and being affected by electrode polarization problems, whereas the latter does not have these disadvantages. A theoretical model capable of describing the dielectric behaviour of inclusions is formulated through an algorithm (not explicitly formulated in the previous literature) which gives a relation between structural properties of the inclusion phases (e.g. membranes, shells) and the electric parameters of these phases.
Physicochemical properties of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in the western mid-hills of Nepal.

The black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is an underutilized fruit in the mid-hills of Nepal. However, the physico-chemical properties of Nepalese black walnut are almost unavailable in the literature. Four walnut growing districts namely Baitadi, Dadeldhura, Jumla and East Rukum selected and the black walnut collected at commercial maturity from the local markets. The physical properties were assessed following the IPGRI descriptors, whilst chemical composition by the proximate method across the location. The energy content estimated from the fat, protein and carbohydrate values obtained from the proximate content. The nut weight, kernel weight, nut length, nut diameter were found significantly affected by site, while the effect was similar for the kernel ratio (19-23%). A strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.58) was found between moisture and nut diameter, between moisture and nut weight (r2 = 0.52) and between nut weight and kernel weight (r2 = 0.64). The moisture content, crude protein and total ash content were unaffected by site, whilst the crude fibre, crude fat and soluble carbohydrate content were differed by location of sample collection. The proximate revealed the very best fat or oil content in Dadeldhura district (53.05%), the highest crude fibre in East Rukum district (7.26%), whilst the carbohydrate was found highest in the Jumla (24.69%). The low carbohydrate content in walnut of Dadeldhura might be a hint for the drought tolerance genotype of black walnut. It’s still early to conclude the location effect on black walnut quality without a detailed analysis of environmental and genotypic studies.
Application of several novel natural antioxidants to inhibit oxidation of tree peony seed oil

ABSTRACT Tree peony seed oil (TPSO) is novel edible oil enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. To inhibit TPSO oxidation, several individual and combined natural antioxidants were added and evaluated by peroxide value, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity under accelerated storage condition. The effects were also compared with synthetic antioxidants. We found that all the natural compounds have certain antioxidant effect at different concentrations, especially tea polyphenols (TP) that significantly prevented TPSO from oxidation at the concentration of 0.04%. Additionally, composite antioxidants significantly improved antioxidant effects, especially synergist ascorbyl palmitate (AP) was added. The composite 0.02% TP + 0.01% DMY (dihydromyricetin) + 0.01% AP exhibited the most effective inhibition effect on TPSO oxidation and strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. These results demonstrated that the candidates individual and combined natural antioxidants are beneficial for lipid stabilization and health promotion, which are desirable substitutes for synthetic antioxidants.
Fibrinolytic Proteins and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Modulation of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Circadian Clock

The mammalian circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) maintains environmental synchrony through light signals transmitted by glutamate released from retinal ganglion terminals. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for light/glutamate to reset the clock. In the hippocampus, BDNF is activated by the extracellular protease, plasmin, which is produced from plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). We provide data showing expression of proteins from the plasminogen activation cascade in the SCN and their involvement in circadian clock phase-resetting. Early night glutamate application to SCN containing brain slices resets the circadian clock. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) blocked these shifts in slices from wildtype mice but not mice lacking its stabilizing protein, vitronectin (VN). Plasmin, but not plasminogen, prevented inhibition by PAI-1. Both plasmin and active BDNF reversed 2-antiplasmin inhibition of glutamate-induced shifts. 2Antiplasmin decreased the conversion of inactive to active BDNF in the SCN. Finally, both tPA and BDNF allowed daytime glutamate-induced phase-resetting. Together, these data are the first to demonstrate expression of these proteases in the SCN, their involvement in modulating photic phase-shifts, and their activation of BDNF in the SCN, a potential ‘gating’ mechanism for photic phase17 resetting. These data also demonstrate a functional interaction between PAI-1 and VN in adult brain. Given the usual association of these proteins with the extracellular matrix, these data suggest new lines of investigation into the locations and processes modulating mammalian circadian clock phase-resetting.
Exclusive breastfeeding knowledge, practices and determinants among mothers in rural areas, Egypt

Human milk is uniquely appropriate for the infant’s needs. It maintains the infant’s healthy development and growth by providing ideal nutrition. World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life to achieve optimal development, growth, and health through stimulation of the immune system. Thus, protects infants from acute respiratory infections and diarrhea, which represent the two major causes of infant mortality in developing countries. Also improves their vaccination responses. Moreover, it was confirmed that breastfeeding has advantages for mothers, as improving birth spacing, reducing the risk of postpartum hemorrhage through stimulating the uterine involution, enhancing weight loss after pregnancy and being the first mother-infant communication pathway.
Analyzing the Shipping Emissions in Port of Ereğli and Examining the Contribution of SOX Emissions Reduction to the Port Emissions

1 Ocak 2020 itibariyle, Uluslararasi Denizcilik Orgutu (IMO) tarafindan alinan tedbirler kapsaminda gemilerin kullandiklari yakitlarin kukurt icerigi %3,5'ten %0,5'ye dusurulmus ve gemiler tarafindan dusuk kukurt oranina sahip yakitlar kullanilmaya baslanmistir. Bu uygulama ile gemilerden kaynaklanan SOX ve PM emisyonlarinin cevre ve insan sagligi uzerindeki zararli etkileri azaltilmis olunacaktir. Bu kapsamda, Eregli limanini ziyaret eden gemilerin emisyonlari 2019 yili icin hesaplanmis ve yillik toplam emisyon SOX icin 505 ton, PM icin 70 ton, NOX icin 1.281 ton, CO2 icin 67.639 ton ve VOC icin 49 ton olarak bulunmustur. Limandaki ana kirletici gemi tipleri, genel kargo ve dokme yuk gemileri olup, limandaki tum gemi kaynakli emisyonlarin %95'inden sorumludurlar. Gemi emisyonlari en cok seyir modunda (%83), ardindan liman modunda (%16) uretilmektedir. Liman bolgesindeki kirletici emisyonlarin olusturdugu cevresel maliyetin, toplam 41,5 milyon $ olacagi hesaplanmis ve gemi basina cevresel maliyetin ortalama 58.734 $ olacagi ongorulmustur. Bu calismada, 2020 yilindan itibaren uygulamaya giren SOX azaltiminin, Eregli limaninda PM ve SOX emisyonlarini azaltacagi, insan ve cevre sagligi icin kabul edilebilir seviyelere dusecegi gozlemlenmistir.