Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Morphological Analysis of Precancerous Lesions and Conditions by Clinical Examination, Chemiluminescence, and Toluidine Blue

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for up to 50% of malignant tumors in Asian countries and is very common in India, Pakistan, and Taiwan. Currently, the most effective way of combating oral cancer is by early diagnosis followed by adequate treatment. As visualization is the principal strategy used to assess the patient's lesions at risk of malignant transformation, any procedure which highlights such lesions aids the clinician. Aim: The present study was carried out to compare the usefulness and validity of clinical examination, chemiluminescence, and toluidine blue in assessing the precancer. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 subjects, 50 each of oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis. Evaluation of suspicious lesion was carried out by clinical examination, chemiluminescence, toluidine blue with the gold standard of histopathological diagnosis. The chemiluminescent and toluidine blue examination were evaluated by two observers who are unaware of the clinical examination. Results: Chemiluminescence was found to be better than toluidine blue and clinical examination by both the observers (P < 0.05). Chemiluminescence was found to be better in visualization of leukoplakic lesions by both the observers (kappa >0.900). The visualization, exact extent, borders, and surface texture of lesions were revealed accurate by chemiluminescence followed by toluidine blue and clinical evaluation (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity was more reliable for chemiluminescence (75 and 54.7%) than the toluidine blue (57.4 and 44.1%). Our observations suggest that the mild and severe dysplasia of the lesions were well appreciated by chemiluminescence. Conclusion: Chemiluminescence and toluidine blue cannot be compared with histopathology as these are adjunctive aids in early diagnosis of oral precancer and cancer. Hence their adjunctive value is of great importance to be used as a chair-side investigation and for mass screening of oral cancer.
Practitioners' understanding of barriers to accessing specialist support by family carers of people with dementia in distress

Distressing symptoms in dementia are hard to manage for many family carers. This article explores practitioners' perceptions of the barriers to accessing skilled behaviour management support encountered by carers. A survey of cases referred to the English National Health Service (n = 5,360) was followed by in-depth group discussions and practitioner interviews. Data revealed that practitioners focused on care home residents or older people with mental health problems other than dementia, rather than community-dwelling people with dementia and families. Barriers to access included misperceptions about the nature of distressing behaviour affecting carers and structural limitations in the capacity of specialist services to respond to carers.
The role of North Atlantic-European weather regimes in the surface impact of sudden stratospheric warming events

Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events can significantly impact tropospheric weather for a period of several weeks, in particular in the North Atlantic–European (NAE) region. While the stratospheric forcing often projects onto the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the tropospheric response to SSW events, if any, is highly variable, and what determines the existence, location, timing, and strength of the downward impact remains an open question. We here explore how the variable tropospheric response to SSW events in the NAE region can be characterized in terms of a refined set of seven weather regimes and if the tropospheric flow in the North Atlantic region around the onset of SSW events is an indicator of the subsequent downward impact. The weather regime analysis reveals the Greenland blocking (GL) and Atlantic trough (AT) regimes as the most frequent large-scale patterns in the weeks following an SSW. While the GL regime is dominated by high pressure over Greenland, AT is dominated by a southeastward-shifted storm track in the North Atlantic. The flow evolution associated with GL and the associated cold conditions over Europe in the weeks following an SSW occur most frequently if a blocking situation over western Europe and the North Sea (European blocking) prevailed around the SSW onset. In contrast, an AT regime associated with mild conditions over Europe is more likely following the SSW event if GL occurs already around SSW onset. For the remaining tropospheric flow regimes during SSW onset we cannot identify a dominant flow evolution. Although it remains unclear what causes these relationships, the results suggest that specific tropospheric states in the days around the onset of the SSW are an indicator of the subsequent tropospheric flow evolution in the aftermath of an SSW, which could provide crucial guidance for subseasonal prediction.
How digital user innovators become entrepreneurs: a sociomaterial analysis

ABSTRACT Digital entrepreneurship has received growing interest from academics and practitioners. Another form of entrepreneurship in which interest has been greatly boosted, thanks to digital technologies, is user entrepreneurship. Drawing on the sociomaterial perspective of digital entrepreneurship, the present article contributes to this body of knowledge by exploring how user entrepreneurs frame and implement the process to create new firms to commercialise their own digital innovations. Our qualitative study reports a single case study about the process of digital entrepreneurship implemented by a patient innovator that launched a new firm to commercialise his healthcare innovative solution. Various theoretical propositions about the sociomateriality of the entrepreneurial process of digital user innovators are offered.
Policies, profits, networks, or duty? Donors’ motivations for contributing to parties and interest groups

ABSTRACT Understanding variation in donors’ motivations for contributing to parties, interest groups, and candidates is increasingly important for fundraising success in an era in which joint fundraising committees and online bundling platforms provide expanded opportunities for collaborative fundraising efforts. However, the motivations of party and interest group contributors remain understudied. Using questions from the Cooperative Congressional Election Study of 2016 in a series of logistic models, I investigate donors’ self-reported motives for contributing to parties, interest groups, and congressional candidates. I find party and interest group donors share a distinct desire to socially network with other donors whereas donors to House and Senate candidates respectively seek to influence public policy and to help their businesses. Civic duty is the only joint motivation underlying candidate and party contributing; otherwise, motivations for contributing to congressional candidates versus parties and interest groups are found to be distinct from one another.
Shear Velocity Model of Alaska Via Joint Inversion of Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity, Phase Velocities, and Receiver Functions Across the Alaska Transportable Array

Through the Alaska Transportable Array deployment of over 200 stations, we create a 3‐D tomographic model of Alaska with sensitivity ranging from the near surface (<1 km) into the upper mantle (~140 km). We perform a Markov chain Monte Carlo joint inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity and phase velocities, from both ambient noise and earthquake measurements, along with receiver functions to create a shear wave velocity model. We also use a follow‐up phase velocity inversion to resolve interstation structure. By comparing our results to previous tomography, geology, and geophysical studies we are able to validate our findings and connect localized near‐surface studies with deeper, regional models. Specifically, we are able to resolve shallow basins, including the Copper River, Cook Inlet, Yukon Flats, Nenana, and a variety of other shallower basins. Additionally, we gain insight on the interaction between the upper mantle wedge, asthenosphere, and active and nonactive volcanism along the Aleutians and Denali volcanic gap, respectively. We observe thicker crust beneath the Brooks Range and south of the Denali fault within the Wrangellia Composite Terrane and thinner crust in the Yukon Composite Terrane in interior Alaska. We also gain new perspective on the Wrangell Volcanic Field and its interaction between surrounding asthenosphere and the Yakutat Terrane.
The Effect of Muscle Relaxation on Dialysis Adequacy in Hemodialysis Patients

Aims and objectives: Hemodialysis is a main treatment for patients with renal failure. The improvement of dialysis adequacy is the most important factor in reducing complications and mortality in hemodialysis patients. This study was conducted to examine the effect of muscle relaxation on dialysis adequacy in patients on hemodialysis. Design and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 90 hemodialysis patients in Khatam al-Anbia and Imam Ali hemodialysis centers in Zahedan, Iran in 2014. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to the control and case groups through stratified block randomization with the block size of quadripartite (23 blocks of 4 /quadripartite). The control group received routine therapeutic measures, and the case group were trained for Benson muscle relaxation in three sessions in addition to the routine therapeutic measures. The patients in the case group were requested to do relaxation exercises for 15-20 minutes twice a day for one month. The dialysis adequacy was measured using the z02 software of the Health Ministry before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed in SPSS21 software using Chi-square test, independent t test, Mann-Whitney test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and ANCOVA at significance level lower than 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of dialysis adequacy before the intervention (P = 0.818) although the difference was significant after the intervention (P = 0.003). Moreover, the dialysis adequacy significantly correlated with patients’ age (P = 0.001), sex (P = 0.039), and occupation (P = 0.024). Conclusion: Regarding increased dialysis adequacy and its safety and ease of use, it is recommended that muscle relaxation be taught in hemodialysis wards.
Toxicity of some Acaricides Against Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) under Laboratory Conditions in The New Valley, Egypt

The date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. is an important fruit trees growing in the New Valley, Egypt. The old world date mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor, 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most harmful pests of the date palms, due to the economic damage caused in the production of dates especially in the New Valley, Egypt. Therefore, the efficiency of some recommended chemical compounds (i.e., abamectin (1.8% EC), chlorfenapyr (36% SC), fenopyroximate (5% EC), cyflumetofen (20% SC) and hexythiazox (10% WP) against the pest was estimated under laboratory conditions.
Applied linguistics theory and application

Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, anthropology, and sociology. Theoretical Linguistics focuses on the examination of the structure of English in all its manifestations (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, grammar at large). Other branches of Applied linguistics offered are, for instance, the acquisition of a second language and sociolinguistics. applied linguistics is a branch of linguistics where the primary concern is the application of linguistic theories, methods and findings to the elucidation of language problems that have arisen in other areas of experience. Today the governing board of AILA describes applied linguistics 'as a means to help solve specific problems in society. Applied linguistics focuses on the numerous and complex areas in society in which language plays a role. '
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP AMONG THE INTERNET SELF-EFFICACY, KNOWLEDGE ON PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF THE INTERNET AS AN ACADEMIC RESOURCE TOOL AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ IN KENYA

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationship among the internet self-efficacy, knowledge on perceived usefulness of the internet as an academic resource tool among university students’ in Kenya. Methodology : The study was conducted in Moi University and Daystar University. The study was based on the Social learning theory by Bandura focusing on internet self-efficacy and supplemented by Technology acceptance model by Davies. Quantitative research approach was undertaken. An ex post facto research survey design was adopted. The researcher used a representative sample of 435 (Moi University) and 175 (Daystar University)adding up to 610 Third year student teachers of the academic year 2015/2016 drawn from School of Education in the two universities. Stratified sampling was used to categorize students by gender from each stratum; participants were chosen randomly. Questionnaires were used as instruments of data collection. Content validity was established by use of expert judgment in the school of education. Test re-test method was used to establish the reliability of instruments of data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. In descriptive statistics data frequencies, percentages and mean was used. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi square and Post hoc tests were used to test the hypotheses. Results : The findings indicated that majority of the respondents agreed with most of the statements on internet knowledge, self efficacy, perceived internet usefulness and perceived internet ease of use. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results of the study are useful in designing educational programmes in Kenyan institutions of higher learning and also, offer an opportunity to connect the knowledge gap in digital divide research which is useful for future studies of technology acceptance.
A global evaluation of multi‐model ensemble tropical cyclone track probability forecasts

At the Met Office, dynamic ensemble forecasts from the Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS‐G), the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Ensemble (ECMWF ENS) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Ensemble Forecast System (NCEP GEFS) global ensemble forecast models are post‐processed to identify and track tropical cyclones. The ensemble members from each model are also combined into a 108‐member multi‐model ensemble. Track probability forecasts are produced for named tropical cyclones showing the probability of a location being within 120 km of a named tropical cyclone at any point in the next 7 days, and also broken down into each 24‐hour forecast period. This study presents the verification of these named‐storm track probabilities over a two‐year period across all global tropical cyclone basins, and compares the results from basin to basin. The combined multi‐model ensemble is found to increase the skill and value of the track probability forecasts over the best‐performing individual ensemble (ECMWF ENS), for both overall 7‐day track probability forecasts and 24‐hour track probabilities. Basin‐based and storm‐based verification illustrates that the best performing individual ensemble can change from basin to basin and from storm to storm, but that the multi‐model ensemble adds skill in every basin, and is also able to match the best performing individual ensemble in terms of overall probabilistic forecast skill in several high‐profile case‐studies. This study helps to illustrate the potential value and skill to be gained if operational tropical cyclone forecasting can continue to migrate away from a deterministic‐focused forecasting environment to one where the probabilistic situation‐based uncertainty information provided by the dynamic multi‐model ensembles can be incorporated into operational forecasts and warnings.
Safe sex and "compassion": public campaigns on AIDS in the Netherlands.

In two separate series of public information campaigns people in the Netherlands are being encouraged to have safe sex in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases/AIDS and to react with compassion towards HIV-infected people and people with AIDS. These public information campaigns are part of a broader AIDS education program including specific preventive activities developed for risk groups. The authors describe the theoretical and empirical background of the two public information campaigns the difficulties in evaluating their effects the development and implementation of both campaigns and the available process and effect evaluations. In reality however the campaigns did not explicitly follow theory and research in the way it is presented here as research results often become available only after they are desperately needed and theoretical principles are often difficult to apply in practice. (authors)
Caregiver factors related to emergency department utilization for youth with sickle cell disease

ABSTRACT This study addressed caregivers’ stress, adjustment, and mechanisms related to treatment-seeking for children (age 6 to 16) with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized cues to action (i.e., perceived pain burden) would mediate relationships between psychosocial factors (i.e., stress, adjustment) and emergency department (ED) utilization. Perceived pain burden mediated relationships between stress that caregivers experience (a) communicating about SCD to their child and/or medical providers and (b) providing medical care for their child with ED utilization. Results suggest caregivers of children with SCD could benefit from interventions that enhance stress-management and communication skills with their child and health care providers.
The Experiences of Pregnant Women and Mothers of Hospitalized Neonates In application of Healing Power of Quran to Promote Health in Golestan University of Medical sciences (2012)

Background and purpose: The Holy Quran introduces itself as a book of healing so that by the use it we are able to treat our inner and spiritual illnesses. The research evidences confirm that people benefit of their religious beliefs for the prevention, treatment and adaptation when their health is threatened. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of pregnant mothers and mothers of hospitalized neonates in taking the advantages of the healing of the Quran for the health. Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study using purposeful sampling 25 pregnant women and mothers of newborns admitted in hospitals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences participated in 2010. The data was collected by semi-structured interviews. The main question was about the mothers’ experiences of using healing power of Quran for their health and their children’. All of interviews were taperecorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative conventional content analysis methods. Results: Safe and comfortable childbirth, healthy and competent child, and to obtain peace were main themes of the study that indicates health-related needs of the mothers. Reading Quran, passing beneath Quran circle, washing every four corner of Quran, reading Yasin and Yusuf Surah, and attaching Ayat al-Kursi to infant dress were some of common behaviors by the mothers to prevent health threats or treat them. Conclusion: The mothers in the study believed that reading Quran was effective for newborn recovery from illness, and adaptation to critical conditions of pregnancy, and feeling satisfaction and closeness to the God.
Risk Factors For Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Turkey

Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the risk factors for recurrent ischemic stroke. Patients and Methods: We compared the risk factors in 186 recurrent ischemic stroke patients (94 males, 92 females; mean age 66.85aplusmn;11.21 years; range 20-95 years) with 300 first-ever stroke patients (control group) among 1150 ischemic stroke patients who had been treated in Neurology Department of Trakya University Medical Faculty over a period of three years. Results: The recurrence rate was 16.1%. Within the recurrent patients, 89.7% had hypertension, 32.3% had atrial fibrillation, 24.4% had diabetes mellitus, 15.6% had transient ischemic attack, and 57.5% had several types of heart diseases. The most frequent recurrence etiology was embolic according to TOAST criteria (35.5%). Transient ischemic attack (OR= 2.98; 95% CI 1.54-5.76), hypertension (OR= 1.96; 95% CI 1.11-2.64) and atrial fibrillation (OR= 1.74; 95% CI 1.44-2.66) were found as the independent risk factors. The mean of the modified Rankin scores of the study group at their last charge were significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of the consistent anticoagulation therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation and close blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. Turkish Baslik: Turkiyea#39;de Rekuren Iskemik Inme Uzerine Etkili Risk Faktorleri Anahtar Kelimeler: Inme; rekurens; iskemik; risk faktorleri Amac: Bu calismada rekuren iskemik inmede risk faktorleri belirlendi. Hastalar ve Yontemler: Uc yillik donemde Trakya Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi Noroloji Klinigi'ne basvuran toplam 1150 hasta icinden rekuren inme geciren 186 hasta (94 erkek, 92 kadin; ort. yas 66.85aplusmn;11.21; dagilim 20-95) ilk iskemik inmesini geciren 300 hasta ile risk faktorleri acisindan karsilastirildi. Bulgular: Rekuren inme orani %16.1 idi. Rekuren inme grubunda hastalarin %89.7'sinde hipertansiyon, %32.3'unde atrial fibrilasyon, %24.4'unde diabetes mellitus, %15.6'sinda gecici iskemik atak ve %57.5'inde degisik kalp hastaliklarinin oldugu gozlendi. Rekuren inmenin en sik gorulen etyolojik nedeni TOAST siniflamasina gore kardiyoembolizmdi (%35.5). Gecici iskemik atak (OR= 2.98; %95 CI 1.54-5.76), hipertansiyon (OR= 1.96; %95 CI 1.11-2.64) ve atrial fibrilasyon (OR= 1.74; %95 CI 1.44-2.66) rekuren inme icin bagimsiz risk faktoru olarak bulundu. Hasta grubu ile kontrol grubu modifiye Rankin skoru icin karsilastirildiginda hasta grubunda bu skorun daha kotu oldugu izlendi. Sonuc: Bizim bulgularimiz hipertansif hastalarda kan basinci kontrolunun, atriyal fibrilasyonlu hastalarda ise etkin antikoagulasyonun rekuren inmeyi onlemede onemli oldugunu gostermistir.