Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The contribution of school environment factor toward students ’ achievement in the English language subject

Introduction Education in Malaysia has gone through many types of evolution consisting of many types of components. One of the most influential changes is the education system is the language that is used in teaching and learning process before and now is taught as one of the coresubject in school. The reason for English to be taught as a subject is to prepare the students so that they will be able to use the language as a medium of interaction especially in their future career. There were many researches done in previous study pertaining to the factors that affects student’s achievement in English Language. Smith (2005) stated that there are many factors contribute to the underachievement of children (EdSource, 2003; Kober, 2001). While there is a strong correlation between low socioeconomic status, usually defined by the educational level and family income of parents, and poor academic performance, there are also links between various school factors and underachievement (Howard, 2002). Most of the secondary schools in PasirGudang District have started its operation in less than ten years. New schools usually are having variety of problems and constraints for the first ten years in developing positive culture and as well as to maintain good achievement academically. There are three upcoming schools are going to start their operation in 2011. Some new schools lack media facilities especially with increasing number of students every year and some schools are built with small class size. In fact, new schools also are having high tendency in negative peer influence as there are still finding or searching new identity in new schools. Therefore these new schools are having various kinds of problems that directly can influence every student achievement academically. Among the issues that have been highlighted were the number of students in some classes was amounted to more than 40 students per class. Furthermore, an issue of peer influence in school is also one of the main concerns among these schools. These factors will directly influence the students’ achievements in SPM examination result. Students in secondary schools do not achieve good grades in English Language. This is because their level of English proficiency is very low. Observation shows that this situation occurs due to the school environment. Students do not have much interest in English subject mainly because their friends were also not interested in the subject and do not encourage them to learn the subject. Furthermore, they do not have much interest in reading English books or magazines or even watch English movie or drama. This is because they do not understand the language and what is being read. They were also taught in a class with big number of students. As a result, they were not given enough attention by the teacher and this causes the students to have poor grades in English subject. Method There are 34 secondary schools and 24 primary schools in Pasir Gudang District, and we only choose one school with low
Does Human Development Index ( HDI ) , Investment , and Unemployment Effects on Economic Growth and Poverty Levels ? ( A Case Study in Bali ) Ni

The purpose of this study is to (1) Analyze the effect of the human development index (HDI), investment, and the unemployment rate on economic growth in regencies/cities in Bali Province, (2) Analyze the effects of the human development index (HDI), investment, unemployment rate, and economic growth on the poverty level of districts/cities in Bali Province, and (3) Analyzing the role of economic growth in mediating the effect of the human development index (HDI), investment, and the unemployment rate on the poverty level of districts/cities in Bali Province.This research is a quantitative study using panel data of 45 observations. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data and qualitative data. The data source in this study is secondary data which comes from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The method of analysis used in this research is path analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that (1) Human development index (HDI) and investment have a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of regencies/cities in Bali Province, while the unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in regencies/cities in Bali Province. (2) The human development index (HDI) and investment have a negative and significant effect on the poverty level of districts/cities in Bali Province. The unemployment rate has a positive and significant effect on the poverty level of districts/cities in Bali Province, while economic growth has a negative and significant effect on the poverty levels of districts/cities in Bali Province. (3) Economic growth mediates the effect of the human development index (HDI), investment, and the unemployment rate on the poverty level of districts/cities in Bali Province.
Treatment indicators influence speech therapy discharge time.

PURPOSE To compare the treatment time for acquired neurological disorders of communication and the reason for discharge of users of a medium complexity care service for two periods: before and after implementation of treatment indicators. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was carried out involving the analysis of medical records of users of the Adult Language Sector of the Speech and Hearing Therapy Service of the Integrated Rehabilitation Center, seen before and after treatment indicators implementation. RESULTS 129 electronic medical records of users who remained under treatment until discharge from speech therapy in the two studied periods were analyzed. The mean duration of speech therapy for these users was 10.9 months for the first period and 7.8 months for the second period. After implementation of the indicators with regular reassessments, 72 out of the 89 users continued with treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the therapy average time and reason for discharge before and after treatment indicators implementation. CONCLUSION After treatment indicators implementation, there was a reduction of the average speech therapy treatment time for communication disorders and an increase of speech therapy discharge percentage of users seen in a Brazilian service of medium complexity.
Like Me, You Say? a Model and Experiment on Supporting In-Group Bias through Cheaptalk

This paper presents a simple application and experimental test of a theoretical model of discriminatory social preferences. First, it establishes conditions under which a specification of “defection aversion” can support an equilibrium in which costless messages engender cooperative strategies in a one-shot Prisoners’ Dilemma (PD) game. The main result is a signaling equilibrium with full separation of signals, and cooperation whenever the social distance is less than a certain threshold level. The second part of the paper is an experimental application and test of a discrete version of the theory. Using the minimal group paradigm, subjects are put into a set of interlocking groups. 116 subjects played 4 games each (within-subjects) under different informational (treatment) contexts. Results are broadly consistent with the theory: people cooperate more when faced with group members. They are also less “honest” with their messages when messages are sequential than when they are simultaneous, which suggests a strategic motivation to the messages. A somewhat unexpected empirical result shows that the threshold social distance supporting cooperation is lower when the group information is based on simultaneous cheap talk than when it is exogenously revealed. Noting that the empirical rates of honest messaging are also rather far from the 100% predicted by the model, a theoretical extension shows that smaller social neighborhoods are in fact a straightforward prediction when the truth of messages is uncertain.
Finance, Social Interactions, and Human Capital Development

What is the impact of credit conditions on family interactions and children’s human capital development? We discover that regulatory reforms that ease credit conditions are associated with (1) increases in labor demand and the employment of mothers from low-income families, (2) decreases in parent-child discussions about school, reductions in parental supervision, and increases in children’s TV watching and video game playing among low-income families, and (3) declines in the time that children spend on homework and children’s academic performance among those same families. Effective substitutes for parent-child interactions, such as grandparents living in the household, mitigate these effects.
The Evolution of Environmental Discourse: Evidence from Conference Calls

We examine the evolution of environmental discourse in conference calls and whether and how this discourse affects firm valuation. We measure the amount of environmental discourse as the frequency count of environmentally-related topics in the transcripts of conference calls. We find that environmental discourse increased substantially from 2006 to 2020 and that discourse is incrementally informative – beyond environmental performance metrics and environmental disclosures – for firm valuation. Specifically, we find that greater environmental discourse in conference calls is associated with higher cost of capital and lower share price, which we interpret as suggesting that discussion of environmental topics increases uncertainty. We also find that the amount of discourse in the prepared remarks portion of conference calls dominates that in the Q&amp;A portion as an explanatory factor for firm value. We complement our analysis by examining the value-relevance of general ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) discussion and show that more general ESG discourse is associated with lower cost of capital and higher share price, implying a more favorable valuation impact of general discussions of social and governance issues.
Audit Committee Characteristics and Quality of Financial Information: The Role of the Internal Information Environment and Political Connections

This study explores the relationship between audit committee characteristics and accounting information quality by justifying the role of the internal information environment and political connections under the theocracy state of Iran with syncretic politics. Using panel data of 558 firms from the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) for 2011–2016, we rank firms using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and entropy method for determination of the weight of evaluating indicators. The firms are positioned into high- to low-level political connections, and two proxies for audit committee characteristics are used: independence of audit committee and financial knowledge. Furthermore, three proxies are used for an internal information environment: earning announcement speed, the accuracy of earning forecasting and lack of financial restatements. Our findings show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the audit committee and financial information quality characteristics in high-level political connections, as well as between financial knowledge and financial information quality. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that the application of political economy theories could be appropriate for more inquiry.
Work Engagement: How Does Employee Work Engagement influence Employee Satisfaction?

The goal of this research is to look into the link between job happiness and work engagement. The goal of the study was to look into the relationship between (equal opportunities, personal influence, nature of career, development opportunity, employee recognition, work challenge, supervisor behavior, ethics and integrity, and job empowerment) and job satisfaction in Erbil's private companies. In order to examine the association between work engagement and job satisfaction, the researcher employed a quantitative research method, but only 108 people took part in the current study. To assess the association between variables, the researcher employed multiple regression analysis. The researcher discovered that among the other work engagement aspects, workplace challenge had the greatest value =. 671 and P-value =. 000, indicating that many employees in private organizations are engaged to their jobs due to time management, overburdening tasks, and communication. This study emphasized the importance of workplace challenges in motivating employees to become more involved in their organizations. Employee engagement is defined as a good attitude toward work and the degree to which an individual is committed to the company. Only a small number of employees from private enterprises in Kurdistan took part in this survey, which limits the study's findings.
Are we in the same boat? The legacy of historical emigration on attitudes towards immigrants

I analyze the effect of historical emigration on current attitudes towards immigration in central and southern Italy. To do so, I collect data on Italian emigrants by municipality of last residence from the Ellis Island archives in the period 1892-1924. I estimate, then, the causal effect of emigration on a series of outcomes used to measure attitudes towards immigrants through an IV strategy, by exploiting exogenous variation in proximity to departure port to the U.S. during years 1892-1924. I find that emigration has a negative and significant long-run effect on attitudes towards immigration. In particular, higher historical emigration reduces the propensity to open refugees reception centers, social expenditure, volunteers in the non-profit organizations and significantly decreases political support for more inclusive parties. These results are consistent with an increase in conservatism and an inter-generational transmission of social norms from migrants to their heirs.
Price Rigidities and the Value of Public Information

Firms' inflexibility in adjusting output prices to input-cost shocks exacerbates information asymmetry between firm insiders and outsiders, but the government's disclosure of economic statistics mitigates this problem. We measure the public visibility of firms' input costs using a combination of production network and publication of producer-price indices by the Bureau of Labor of Statistics (BLS). Input-cost visibility reduces inflexible-price firms' probability of informed trading, the bid-ask spread, option-implied volatility, and analyst forecast dispersion, but these results do not hold for flexible-price firms. During conference calls hosted by inflexible-price firms, outsiders are less likely to ask questions about future input costs if the firm's input cost is more publicly available. To establish causality, we exploit an exogenous coverage expansion by the Office of Publications at BLS in January 2004.
Modified Keeper Controlled Domino Circuit for Low Power High Performance Wide Fan in OR Gates

A novel modified keeper technique has been proposed in this paper for domino logic circuits implemented as wide fan in OR gate. Few circuit parameters as capacitivie loading and delay are major concerns for OR gates in deeper technology nodes. This design focuses on a comparator block with modified dual keeperto maintain the output logic state. Additionally it comprises of a delay loop to limit the contention current. The proposed design reduces the input capacitive loading and total power consumption by the circuit, while keeping the speed of operation same. It was compared with latest domino circuit techniques and the proposed design MKCD has achieved a reduction of 41% in power consumption in 64 bit configuration as compared to conventional domino circuit SFLD. Average noise immunity has also increased by more than twice as compared to SFLD. The simulations were performed using 90nm PTM low power models.
Measuring Job Satisfaction in Hospitality Industry

This study examined the relationships between fringe benefits, job enrichment, and colleagues’ relationship to employees’ job satisfaction in hospitality industry. We predicted and found that all the variables were positively associated with job satisfaction. Even though the findings were consistent with prediction, fringe benefits and job enrichment however showed only a low degree of impact on job satisfaction. This may be due to the contribution of other factors such as job autonomy, working environment, financial rewards to job satisfaction. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved
Deflection of charged massive particles by a four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole

Based on the Jacobi metric method, this paper studies the deflection of a charged massive particle by a novel four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole. We focus on the weak field approximation and consider the deflection angle with finite distance effects. To this end, we use a geometric and topological method, which is to apply the Gauss–Bonnet theorem to the Jacobi space to calculate the deflection angle. We find that the deflection angle contains a pure gravitational contribution δ g, a pure electrostatic δ c and a gravitational–electrostatic coupling term δ gc. We find that the deflection angle increases (decreases) if the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant α is negative (positive). Furthermore, the effects of the BH charge, the particle charge-to-mass ratio and the particle velocity on the deflection angle are analyzed.
Creating A New Color Space utilizing PSO and FCM to Perform Skin Detection by using Neural Network and ANFIS

Skin color detection is an essential required step in various applications related to computer vision. These applications will include face detection, finding pornographic images in movies and photos, finding ethnicity, age, diagnosis, and so on. Therefore, proposing a proper skin detection method can provide solution to several problems. In this study, first a new color space is created using FCM and PSO algorithms. Then, skin classification has been performed in the new color space utilizing linear and nonlinear modes. Additionally, it has been done in RGB and LAB color spaces by using ANFIS and neural network. Skin detection in RBG color space has been performed using Mahalanobis distance and Euclidean distance algorithms. The BAO database is used for training phase of all the state-of-the-art methods that have been used for comparison. Skin detection’s results in new proposed color space utilizing non-linear conversion by ANFIS classification has shown the highest accuracy with 89.22% in compare with other nine recent methods investigated in this paper. In comparison, this method has 18.38% higher accuracy than the most accurate method on the same database. Additionally, this method has achieved 90.05% in equal error rate (1-EER) in testing COMPAQ dataset and 92.93% accuracy in testing Pratheepan dataset, which compared to the previous method on COMPAQ database, 1-EER has increased by %0.87.
Agnostic Dolinar receiver for coherent-state classification

We consider the problem of discriminating quantum states, where the task is to distinguish two different quantum states with a complete classical knowledge about them, and the problem of classifying quantum states, where the task is to distinguish two classes of quantum states where no prior classical information is available but a finite number of physical copies of each classes are given. In the case the quantum states are represented by coherent states of light, we identify intermediate scenarios where partial prior information is available. We evaluate an analytical expression for the minimum error when the quantum states are opposite and a prior on the amplitudes is known. Such a threshold is attained by complex POVM that involve highly non-linear optical procedure. A suboptimal procedure that can be implemented with current technology is presented that is based on a modification of the conventional Dolinar receiver. We study and compare the performance of the scheme under different assumptions on the prior information available.
The HectoMAP Cluster Survey: Spectroscopically Identified Clusters and their Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs)

We apply a friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm to identify galaxy clusters and we use the catalog to explore the evolutionary synergy between brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) and their host clusters. We base the cluster catalog on the dense HectoMAP redshift survey (2000 redshifts deg−2). The HectoMAP FoF catalog includes 346 clusters with 10 or more spectroscopic members within the range 0.05 < z < 0.55 and with a median z = 0.29. We list these clusters and their members. We also include central velocity dispersions (σ *,BCG) for the FoF cluster BCGs, a distinctive feature of the HectoMAP FoF catalog. HectoMAP clusters with higher galaxy number density (80 systems) are all genuine clusters with a strong concentration and a prominent BCG in Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam images. The phase-space diagrams show the expected elongation along the line of sight. Lower-density systems include some low reliability systems. We establish a connection between BCGs and their host clusters by demonstrating that σ *,BCG /σ cl decreases as a function of cluster velocity dispersion (σ cl), in contrast, numerical simulations predict a constant σ *,BCG/σ cl. Sets of clusters at two different redshifts show that BCG evolution in massive systems is slow over the redshift range z < 0.4. The data strongly suggest that minor mergers may play an important role in BCG evolution in clusters with σ cl ≳ 300 km s−1. For lower mass systems (σ cl < 300 km s−1), major mergers may play a significant role. The coordinated evolution of BCGs and their host clusters provides an interesting test of simulations in high-density regions of the universe.
Symmetry finder: A method for hunting symmetry in neutrino oscillation

Symmetry in neutrino oscillation serves for a better understanding of the physical properties of the phenomenon. We present a systematic way of finding symmetry in neutrino oscillation, which we call Symmetry Finder (SF). By extending the known framework in vacuum into a matter environment, we derive the SF equation, a powerful machinery for identifying symmetry in the system. After learning lessons on symmetry in the Zaglauer-Schwarzer system with a matter equivalent of the vacuum symmetry, we apply the SF method to the Denton et al. (DMP) perturbation theory to first order. We show that the method is so powerful that we uncover the eight reparametrization symmetries with the 1↔ 2 state exchange in DMP, denoted as IA, IB, · · ·, IVB, all new except for IA. The transformations consist of the both fundamental and dynamical variables, indicating their equal importance. It is also shown that all the symmetries discussed in this paper can be understood as the Hamiltonian symmetries, which ensures their all-order validity and applicability to varying density matter. ar X iv :2 10 6. 11 47 2v 2 [ he pph ] 2 1 Se p 20 21