Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shell Disorder Models Detect that Attenuated Omicron has Harder Shells but is not a Descendant of the Wuhan (SARS-CoV-2) Strain

: Before the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emergence, Shell Disorder Models (SDM) suggested that an attenuated precursor from pangolins may have entered humans in 2017 or earlier. This was based on a shell-disorder analysis of SARS-CoV-1/2 and pangolin-Cov-2017. SDM suggests that Omicron is attenuated with almost identical N (inner shell) disorder as pangolin-CoV-2017 (N-PID (percentage of intrinsic disorder): 44.8% vs . 44.9% - lower than other variants). The outer shell disorder (M-PID) of Omicron is lower than that of other variants (5.4% vs . 5.9%). COVID-19-related CoVs have the lowest M-PIDs (hardest outer-shell) among all CoVs. This is likely to be responsible for higher contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron, since the hard outer-shell protects the virion from salivary/mucosal anti-microbial enzymes. Phylogenetic study using M reveals that Omicron branched off from an ancestor of the Wuhan strain closely related to pangolin-CoVs. M, being evolutionarily conserved in COVID-19, is most ideal for COVID-19 phylogenetic study. Omicron may have been hiding among burrowing animals (e.g. pangolins) that provide optimal evolutionary environments for attenuation and increase shell hardness, which is essential for fecal-oral-respiratory transmission via buried feces. Incoming data support SDM showing the presence of fewer infectious particles in the lungs than in the bronchi upon infection.
Creative pedagogies: examining the pedagogies fostering possibility thinking in primary classrooms, using learning resources associated with museum visits

The pedagogies of fostering possibility thinking (PT) have been investigated for over a decade in early year and primary settings. This paper reports the ﬁ ndings of a qualitative study that sought to identify the teachers ’ pedagogical practices that foster children ’ s (aged 9 – 10) PT through alternative resources of learning such as museums in Cyprus. Eight primary teachers took part, and the ﬁ ndings were compared with the existing PT literature which o ﬀ ers an in-depth investigation of the pedagogical features nurturing PT (time, space, learner ’ s agency, standing back and forward). The analysis also suggests a new pedagogy (narrative improvisation) that teachers started using after the museum visit. The study provides a starting point for further research on the aspirations of pedagogies fostering PT using alternative resources of learning such as museum spaces. This paper presents the key ﬁ ndings of the study through a ﬁ gure and ends with suggestions for further research. critical events, problematising, stimulating the imagination through narratives, encouraging play, developing team identities, and establishing a dynamic caring school ethos. Cremin and Chappell (2019) through their literature review (they draw on studies from 1990 to 2018), identi ﬁ ed seven interrelated features that characterise creative pedagogies used. These are generating and exploring ideas; encouraging autonomy and agency; playfulness; problem solving; risk-taking; co-constructing and col-laborating; and teacher creativity. The above studies opened paths for the empirical investigation of teachers ’ pedagogy for fostering creativity, an area towards which this study has been addressed.
Psychologists’ Experiences Who Managed Waitlists in Mental-Health Services During the COVID-19 Lockdown

Abstract. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the demand for mental-health services worldwide. Consequently, it also increased the length of the waitlists for mental-health services, putting a strain on adult mental-health services (AMHS) and the healthcare professionals dealing with these lists. There is little research about how psychologists managed waitlist practices, e.g., scheduling screening appointments, determining clients’ availability in an offered appointment, providing evidence-based bibliotherapy, or using priority waiting scales. It remains unclear what their experiences were with these practices and how effective these practices were during the pandemic. Method: The current convergent, concurrent mixed-method study investigated waitlist-management practices, synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data from an online survey ( n = 20 participants) applied in two local AMHS in Ireland. Results: The most common practices used by psychologists were opt-in systems, maintaining regular contact with clients, informing them about the waiting time, and providing evidence-based bibliotherapy. Screening was the least-used practice. The qualitative analysis highlights the emotional burden psychologists experienced from the use of waitlist practices, particularly when they had to inform the client of the waiting time or put a client back onto a waitlist. Discussion: Psychologists reported a lack of resources and increases in administrative workload as barriers to implementing practices. Managerial, organizational, and policy-based recommendations are proposed.
DLCQ spectrum ofN=(8,8)super Yang-Mills theory

We consider the 1+1 dimensional N = (8,8) supersymmetric matrix field theory obtained from a dimensional reduction of ten dimensional N = 1 super Yang-Mills. The gauge groups we consider are U(N) and SU(N), where N is finite but arbitrary. We adopt light-cone coordinates, and choose to work in the light-cone gauge. Quantizing this theory via Discretized Light-Cone Quantization (DLCQ) introduces an integer, K, which restricts the light-cone momentum-fraction of constituent quanta to be integer multiples of 1/K. Solutions to the DLCQ bound state equations are obtained for K=2,3 and 4 by discretizing the light-cone super charges, which preserves supersymmetry manifestly. We discuss degeneracies in the massive spectrum that appear to be independent of the light-cone compactification, and are therefore expected to be present in the decompactified limit K -> infinity. Our numerical results also support the claim that the SU(N) theory has a mass gap.
Does the Gender of Your Friends Matter for Sexist Attitudes About Women?

Building upon two complimentary theoretical frameworks related to group relations (i.e., Intergroup Contact Theory and Peer Exposure), we examined how emerging adults’ friendships with men and women were related to their hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, and sexual objectification attitudes. Participants were 212 college students (M age = 20.20 years, SD = 2.08; 62% female; 58% White) from a large southwestern university. Results provided support for Intergroup Contact Theory and for a Peer Exposure effect, but only for men. Specifically, for men, having female friends was negatively associated with hostile sexism, and having male friends was positively related to hostile sexism; neither friendship type related to benevolent sexism. For women, no significant relations between friends and attitudes were found; this is likely due to the assessed attitudes being about women (their own group). The findings suggest a promising pathway to mitigate gender-based prejudice for men through cross-gender friendships.
Decidability and complexity of equivalences for simple process algebras

In this thesis I study decidability, complexity and structural properties of strong and weak bisimilarity with respect to two process algebras, Basic Process Algebras and Basic Parallel Process Algebras. The decidability of strong bisimilarity for both algebras is an established result. For the subclasses of normed BPA-processes and BPP there even exist polynomial decision procedures. The complexity of deciding strong bisimilarity for the whole class of BPP is unsatisfactory since it is not bounded by any primitive recursive function. Here we present a new approach that encodes BPP as special polynomials and expresses strong bisimulation in terms of polynomial ideals and then uses a theorem about polynomial ideals (Hilbert's Basis Theorem) and an algorithm from computer algebra (Gröbner bases) to construct a new decision procedure. For weak bisimilarity, Hirshfeld found a decision procedure for the subclasses of totally normed BPA-processes and BPP, and Esparza demonstrated a semidecision procedure for general BPP. The remaining questions are still unsolved. Here we provide some lower bounds on the computational complexity of a decision procedure that might exist. For BPP we show that the decidability problem is NP-hard (even for the class of totally normed BPP), for BPA-processes we show that the decidability problem is PSPACE-hard. Finally we study the notion of weak bisimilarity in terms of its inductive de nition. We start from the relation containing all pairs of processes and then form a non-increasing chain of relations by eliminating pairs that do not satisfy a certain expansion condition. These relations are labelled by ordinal numbers and are called approximants. We know that this chain eventually converges for some α such that ≈α = ≈β = ≈ for all α < β. We study the upper and lower bounds on such ordinals α. We prove that for BPA, α ≥ ω, and for BPPA, α ≥ ω · 2. For some restricted classes of BPA and BPPA we show that ≈ = ≈ω·2.
Attractor basins of various root-finding methods

Abstract : Real world phenomena commonly exhibit nonlinear relationships, complex geometry, and intricate processes. Analytic or exact solution methods only address a minor class of such phenomena. Consequently, numerical approximation methods, such as root-finding methods, can be used. The goal is, by making use of a variety of root-finding methods (Newton-Rhapson, Chebyshev, Halley and Laguerre), to gain a qualitative appreciation on how various root-finding methods address many prevailing real-world concerns, to include, how are suitable approximation methods determined; when do root finding methods converge; and how long for convergence? Answers to the questions were gained through examining the basins of attraction of the root-finding methods. Different methods generate different basins of attraction. In the end, each method appears to have its own advantages and disadvantages.
Towards water literacy: Analysis of standards for teaching and learning about water on Earth

Abstract Water is one of Earth’s fundamental natural systems. It is crucial to foster water literacy in today’s global citizens, particularly through formal education. The purpose of this research, in parallel with a study focused on human dimensions of water systems (Mostacedo-Marasovic et al., in press), is to examine water-related K-12 standards for teaching and learning about water and natural systems and develop a comprehensive and transdisciplinary perspective on water education. Our overarching question is, “What do disciplinary standards specify as outcomes for students’ learning about water and natural systems? ” Our research questions are: (i) “To what extent do these water-related standards address recognized domains of learning? ” and (ii) “What thematic outcomes for students’ learning are apparent across grades in these water-related standards? ” We use chi-square statistics and conventional qualitative content analysis complemented by processes from grounded theory to analyze water-related education standards (N = 196) from 11 education-oriented governmental and non-governmental organizations based in the United States and the United Nations. Our results indicate that, first, water-related standards emphasize the cognitive domain, including declarative and procedural knowledge, for water-related concepts and skills. The affective domain and its social component are far less prevalent. Second, the water-related standards illustrate four categories including abundance, distribution, and movement of water on Earth; water and the Geosphere; water and climate; and water and life. These findings provide a more comprehensive perspective from multiple disciplines of the natural sciences on outcomes for teaching and learning about water and natural systems, as well as the learning domains they address. These can inform educational efforts to cultivate water literacy across K-12 through teaching and learning.
Modeling Group-Specific Interviewer Effects on Survey Participation Using Separate Coding for Random Slopes in Multilevel Models

Despite its importance in terms of survey participation, the literature is sparse on how face-to-face interviewers differentially affect specific groups of sample units. This paper demonstrates how an alternative parametrization of the random components in multilevel models, so-called separate coding, delivers valuable insights into differential interviewer effects for specific groups of sample members. In the example of a face-to-face recruitment interview for a probability-based online panel, we detect small interviewer effects regarding survey participation for non-Internet households, whereas we find sizable interviewer effects for Internet households. We derive practical guidance for survey practitioners to address differential interviewer effects based on the proposed variance decomposition.
Development of a Dual-Layer Structure for Cymbal Transducer Arrays to Achieve a Wider Bandwidth

Cymbal transducers are typically grouped and arranged in planar arrays. For projector arrays, a wide bandwidth on the transmitting voltage response (TVR) spectrum is required for better underwater communication and data transmission within a short time. The purpose of this study is to develop a wideband cymbal array by controlling the center-to-center (CTC) spacing between the cymbal transducers in the array. In the practical design of the array, due to the arrangement of elements in one layer, the minimum CTC spacing between the cymbals is constrained to the diameter of the cymbals in use. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new dual-layer array structure. Finite element analysis of the cymbal array showed that the bandwidth was generally inversely proportional to the CTC spacing. We explained the mechanism of this relationship using a theoretical analysis of the mutual radiation impedance between the cymbals in the array. Subsequently, we identified the optimum CTC spacing to achieve the widest possible bandwidth for the cymbal array. The validity of the wideband array design was verified through the fabrication and characterization of prototype arrays. We confirmed that the two-layered arrangement could significantly widen the bandwidth of the cymbal array while maintaining the TVR above a specified level.
Length of stay and departure strategies of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) during post-breeding migration in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada

The Bay of Fundy, Canada is a critical staging area for Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) during post-breeding migration. Recent range-wide population declines and changes in diet and migratory timing in the Bay of Fundy prompted a re-examination of staging ecology, including length of stay (last estimated in 1981), which is used in calculating migratory population estimates. We used radio-telemetry and the Motus Wildlife Tracking System to estimate individual length of stay and departure conditions for 159 Semipalmated Sandpipers in 2013 and 2014. Using tracking data we compared two estimation methods, minimum length of stay and mark-recapture modelling. Using minimum length of stay, the mean length of stay was approximately 21 days, an increase from the previous estimate of 15 days. Mark-recapture models suggested a much longer staging period that is inconsistent with other data. Sandpipers captured early in the staging period stayed longer on average than those captured later. Departures from the staging area were correlated with north-westerly winds, moderate to high wind speeds and low but rising atmospheric pressures. We suggest that Semipalmated Sandpipers in the Bay of Fundy are not operating on a time-selected migration schedule and instead wait for favourable weather conditions to depart, which occur more often later in the migratory period. Population trends in the Bay of Fundy should be re-evaluated in light of the increased length of stay.
A line confusion limited millimeter survey of Orion KL I. Sulfur carbon chains - I. Sulfur carbon chains

We perform a sensitive (line confusion limited), single-side band spectral survey towards Orion KL with the IRAM 30m telescope, covering the following frequency ranges: 80-115.5 GHz, 130-178 GHz, and 197-281 GHz. We detect more than 14 400 spectral features of which 10 040 have been identified up to date and attributed to 43 different molecules, including 148 isotopologues and lines from vibrationally excited states. In this paper, we focus on the study of OCS, HCS+, H2CS, CS, CCS, C3S, and their isotopologues. In addition, we map the OCS J=18-17 line and complete complementary observations of several OCS lines at selected positions around Orion IRc2 (the position selected for the survey). We report the first detection of OCS v2 = 1 and v3 = 1 vibrationally excited states in space and the first detection of C3S in warm clouds. Most of CCS, and almost all C3S, line emission arises from the hot core indicating an enhancement of their abundances in warm and dense gas. Column densities and isotopic ratios have been calculated using a large velocity gradient (LVG) excitation and radiative transfer code (for the low density gas components) and a local thermal equilibrium (LTE) code (appropriate for the warm and dense hot core component), which takes into account the different cloud components known to exist towards Orion KL, the extended ridge, compact ridge, plateau, and hot core. The vibrational temperature derived from OCS v2 = 1 and v3 = 1 levels is about 210 K, similar to the gas kinetic temperature in the hot core. These OCS high energy levels are probably pumped by absorption of IR dust photons. We derive an upper limit to the OC3S, H2CCS, HNCS, HOCS+, and NCS column densities. Finally, we discuss the D/H abundance ratio and infer the following isotopic abundances: 12C/13C=45+-20, 32S/34S=20+-6, 32S/33S=75+-29, and 16O/18O=250+-135.
Comparison of Head Impact Magnitudes and Frequencies Between Intercollegiate Male and Female Lacrosse Players

Context: Research studies have examined effects of player position and type of play on head impacts in intercollegiate football players, but there is little available information on head impacts in lacrosse players. Objective: Compare magnitude and frequency of head impacts between lacrosse players based on player position and type of play. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Lacrosse fields.
Pathomorphogenesis of Glycogen-Ground Glass Hepatocytic Inclusions (Polyglucosan Bodies) in Children after Liver Transplantation

Seventeen out of 764 liver biopsies from transplanted (Tx) livers in children showed glycogen-ground glass (GGG) hepatocytic inclusions. The inclusions were not present in pre-Tx or in the explanted or donor’s liver. Under the electron microscope (EM), the stored material within the cytosol appeared as non-membrane-bound aggregates of electron-lucent globoid or fibrillar granules, previously described as abnormally structured glycogen and identified as Polyglucosan bodies (PB). The appearance of GGG in our children was analogous to that of PB-GGG occurring in a number of congenital diseases due to gene mutations such as Lafora’s d. , Andersen’s d. , Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease and glycogenin deficiency. The same type of GGG was previously reported in the liver of patients undergoing transplants, immunosuppressive or antiblastic treatment. To explore the potential mechanism of GGG formation, we examined whether the drugs after whose treatment this phenomenon was observed could have a role. By carrying out molecular docking, we found that such drugs somehow present a high binding affinity for the active region of glycogenin, implicating that they can inactivate the protein, thus preventing its interaction with glycogen synthase (GS), as well as the maturation of the nascent glycogen towards gamma, beta or alfa glycogen granules. We could also demonstrate that PG inclusions consist of a complex of PAS positive material (glycogen) and glycogen-associated proteins, i.e., glicogenin-1 and -2 and ubiquitin. These features appear to be analogous to congenital GGG, suggesting that, in both cases, they result from the simultaneous dysregulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation. Drug-induced GGG appear to be toxic to the cell, despite their reversibility.
Why Is Maternal Control Harmful? The Relation between Maternal Control, Insecure Attachment and Antisocial Personality Disorder Features in Chinese College Students: A Sequential Mediation Model

Background: Previous work has indicated that a negative parenting style is associated with antisocial personality disorder features in Chinese college students, yet few studies have explored the unique role of negative mothering in children’s antisocial personality disorder. Methods: The current study mainly examined the sequential mediation effect of parental antipathy and neglect (PAN) and mother negative loving (a form of insecure attachment) in the association between mother control and adulthood antisocial personality disorder features (ASPD features) in the framework of attachment theory and cognitive–behavioral theory. A community sample of 1547 Chinese college students filled in the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Questionnaire and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+. Results: A sequential mediation model analysis showed that maternal control significantly predicted PAN, mother negative loving, as well as ASPD features. Conclusions: Mother control and mother negative loving appear to advance on the development and exacerbation of ASPD features in college students.
A Deep Learning Approach to Classify Sitting and Sleep History from Raw Accelerometry Data during Simulated Driving

Prolonged sitting and inadequate sleep can impact driving performance. Therefore, objective knowledge of a driver’s recent sitting and sleep history could help reduce safety risks. This study aimed to apply deep learning to raw accelerometry data collected during a simulated driving task to classify recent sitting and sleep history. Participants (n = 84, Mean ± SD age = 23.5 ± 4.8, 49% Female) completed a seven-day laboratory study. Raw accelerometry data were collected from a thigh-worn accelerometer during a 20-min simulated drive (8:10 h and 17:30 h each day). Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs; ResNet-18 and DixonNet) were trained to classify accelerometry data into four classes (sitting or breaking up sitting and 9-h or 5-h sleep). Accuracy was determined using five-fold cross-validation. ResNet-18 produced higher accuracy scores: 88.6 ± 1.3% for activity (compared to 77.2 ± 2.6% from DixonNet) and 88.6 ± 1.1% for sleep history (compared to 75.2 ± 2.6% from DixonNet). Class activation mapping revealed distinct patterns of movement and postural changes between classes. Findings demonstrate the suitability of CNNs in classifying sitting and sleep history using thigh-worn accelerometer data collected during a simulated drive. This approach has implications for the identification of drivers at risk of fatigue-related impairment.