Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thaumatin-Like Protein (TLP) Gene Family in Barley: Genome-Wide Exploration and Expression Analysis during Germination

Thaumatin-like Proteins (TLPs) are known to play a vital role in plant defense, developmental processes and seed germination. We identified 19 TLP genes from the reference genome of barley and 37, 28 and 35 TLP genes from rice, Brachypodium and sorghum genomes, respectively. Comparative phylogenetic analysis classified the TLP family into nine groups. Localized gene duplications with diverse exon/intron structures contributed to the expansion of the TLP gene family in cereals. Most of the barley TLPs were localized on chromosome 5H. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of HvTLP genes indicated their predominant expression in the embryo, developing grains, root and shoot tissues. Differential expression of HvTLP14, HvTLP17 and HvTLP18 in the malting variety (Morex) over 16–96 h of grain germination revealed their possible role in malting. This study provides a description of the TLP gene family in barley and their possible involvement in seed germination and the malting process.
Screening strategies for the detection of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in women living with HIV.

OBJECTIVE HIV-infected women (WLHIV) have >10-fold higher risk for squamous cell cancer of the anus (SCCA). Experts suggest cytology-based strategies developed for cervical cancer screening may prevent anal cancer by detecting anal histological High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (hHSIL) for treatment. Currently, there is no consensus on anal-hHSIL screening strategies for WLHIV. DESIGN Between 2014 and 2016, 276 WLHIV were recruited at 12 U.S. AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC) clinical-trials sites to evaluate hHSIL prevalence and (test) screening strategies. METHODS Participants completed detailed questionnaire, underwent anal assessments including high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing using hrHPV-HC2™ and hrHPV-APTIMA™, anal cytology, and concurrent high-resolution anoscopy. Screening test characteristics for predicting hHSIL validated by central pathology, were estimated: sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and false-omission rate. Paired analyses compared SN and SP for hrHPV single tests to anal cytology alone. RESULTS 83% (229/276) of enrolled WLHIV had complete anal assessment data and were included in this analysis. Mean age was 50, 62% black and 60 (26%) had hHSIL. Anal cyotology (>ASC-US), hrHPV-HC2, and -APTIMA SN estimates were similarly high, (83%, 77%, and 75%, respectively, p-values>0·2). SP was higher for both hrHPV-APTIMA, and -HC2 compared with anal cytology (67% vs. 50%, p < 0.001), and (61% vs. 50%, p = 0·020), respectively. CONCLUSION Anal hrHPV testing demonstrated similar SN for anal cytology (>ASC-US) to predict anal hHSIL. Among tests with similar SN, the SP was significantly higher for hrHPV-APTIMA and -HC2. Thus, anal hrHPV testing may be an important alternative strategy to anal cytology for anal hHSIL screening among WLHIV.
A Prospective Study of Concussions and Health Outcomes in High School Football Players.

CONTEXT Football is the most popular sport among US high school students and among the highest for sport-related concussion (SRC) incidence. Limited data detail how SRCs affect high school football players' psychosocial and health status beyond short-term injury recovery. OBJECTIVE To longitudinally assess how SRCs affected symptoms, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in high school football players up to 12 months after SRC. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Thirty-one Wisconsin high schools. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 176 interscholastic football players (age = 16.0 ± 1.2 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Participants completed the Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) from the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) for HRQoL at enrollment. Participants who sustained an SRC repeated each measure within 72 hours of their injury (onset) and at 7 days (D7), return to play (RTP), 3 months (M3), 6 months (M6), and 12 months (M12) after SRC. Scores at each time point were compared with each participant's baseline using linear mixed models for repeated measures whilecontrolling for age and previous SRC with participant as a random effect. RESULTS Sixty-two participants sustained an SRC. Participants reported a higher number of PCSS symptoms, greater symptom severity, and lower PedsQL physical summary scores at onset and D7. From RTP through M12, PCSS symptoms, PCSS severity scores, PedsQL total scores, physical summary, and psychosocial summary were unchanged or improved relative to baseline. The PHQ-9 scores were not higher than baseline at any post-SRC interval. CONCLUSIONS High school football players in this study who sustained an SRC described no sustained adverse health outcomes (increased PCSS symptoms or symptom severity, increased depression symptoms, or lower HRQoL) after their RTP through M12 after injury.
Knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening and associated factors among reproductive age group women in districts of Gurage zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

Background Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor of the lower-most part of the uterus and major cause of morbidity and mortality among women’s in the world. Its high mortality rate in the globe can be reduced through comprehensive approaches’ that include; primary prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening, and treatment packages. This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among reproductive age group women in districts of Gurage zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 1–30, 2019. A total of 268 respondents were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1software and exported to SPSS 24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses with a 95% confidence level was done and variables (P <0.05) were deemed statistically significant. Result A total of 260 respondents participated in the study with a response rate of 97%. About 3.8% of the respondents had experiences cervical cancer screening and 26.2% of respondents had good knowledge. Early age at first sex [AOR = 6.05 (95%CI; 1.167–31.36)], having information about cervical cancer [(AOR = 10.2 (95% CI 1.9–96.4)], and multiple sexual partners [AOR = 3.96 (95% CI; 1.48–10.58)] were factors affecting the practice of cervical cancer screening. Being uneducated [AOR = 15.5 (95%CI; 3.82–62.967)], family history of cervical cancer [AOR = 14.158 (95%CI;3.88–51.7)], having plans to screen for cervical cancer [AOR = 0.352 (95%CI;.175-.710)], menarcheal age [AOR = 2.63 (95%CI;1.28–5.37)] and age at first sex [AOR = 3.17 (95%CI;1.283–7.837)] were factors affecting knowledge of cervical screening. Conclusion The study findings indicate that respondents’ practice and knowledge of cervical cancer is mainly affected by early age at first sex, having information about cervical cancer, multiple sexual partners, Educational status, family history of cervical cancer, having plans to screen for cervical cancer, age at first sex and age of menarche. Therefore, all concerned bodies need to focus on women in the reproductive age group to increase the level of knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening through appropriate interventions.
Differences in monocyte subsets are associated with short‐term survival in patients with septic shock

Sepsis is characterized by dynamic changes of the immune system resulting in deregulated inflammation and failure of homoeostasis and can escalate to septic shock. Circulating monocytes and other innate immune cells are among the first ones to recognize and clear pathogens. Monocytes have an important role in sepsis and septic shock and have been studied as potential diagnostic markers. In total, forty‐two patients with septic shock were recruited and blood samples obtained within first 12 hours of ICU admission. We showed that frequency of classical and intermediate monocytes assessed at the time of admission to the intensive care unit are significantly distinct in patients with septic shock who survived longer that five days from those who died. These parameters correlate significantly with differences in serum levels of inflammatory cytokines MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and IL‐18, and with the proportion of helper and cytotoxic T cells. The described changes in frequency of monocyte subsets and their activation status may predict short‐term septic shock survival and help with fast identification of the group of vulnerable patients, who may profit from tailored therapy.
Memory and Sleep: How Sleep Cognition Can Change the Waking Mind for the Better.

The memories that we retain can serve many functions. They guide our future actions, form a scaffold for constructing the self, and continue to shape both the self and the way we perceive the world. Although most memories we acquire each day are forgotten, those integrated within the structure of multiple prior memories tend to endure. A rapidly growing body of research is steadily elucidating how the consolidation of memories depends on their reactivation during sleep. Processing memories during sleep not only helps counteract their weakening but also supports problem solving, creativity, and emotional regulation. Yet, sleep-based processing might become maladaptive, such as when worries are excessively revisited. Advances in research on memory and sleep can thus shed light on how this processing influences our waking life, which can further inspire the development of novel strategies for decreasing detrimental rumination-like activity during sleep and for promoting beneficial sleep cognition. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 72 is January 5, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19: Rapid Review

Background COVID-19 was first discovered in December 2019 and has since evolved into a pandemic. Objective To address this global health crisis, artificial intelligence (AI) has been deployed at various levels of the health care system. However, AI has both potential benefits and limitations. We therefore conducted a review of AI applications for COVID-19. Methods We performed an extensive search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases for COVID-19–related English-language studies published between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. We supplemented the database search with reference list checks. A thematic analysis and narrative review of AI applications for COVID-19 was conducted. Results In total, 11 papers were included for review. AI was applied to COVID-19 in four areas: diagnosis, public health, clinical decision making, and therapeutics. We identified several limitations including insufficient data, omission of multimodal methods of AI-based assessment, delay in realization of benefits, poor internal/external validation, inability to be used by laypersons, inability to be used in resource-poor settings, presence of ethical pitfalls, and presence of legal barriers. AI could potentially be explored in four other areas: surveillance, combination with big data, operation of other core clinical services, and management of patients with COVID-19. Conclusions In view of the continuing increase in the number of cases, and given that multiple waves of infections may occur, there is a need for effective methods to help control the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its shortcomings, AI holds the potential to greatly augment existing human efforts, which may otherwise be overwhelmed by high patient numbers.
The Psychological Process of Residents’ Acceptance of Local Shale Gas Exploitation in China

Local communities and their opinion on shale gas exploitation (SGE) play an essential role in the implementation of energy policies, while little is known about the reasoning process underpinning the acceptance of SGE. The present study develops a conceptual framework to examine the psychological process of residents’ acceptance of local SGE, in which the impacts of trust, knowledge, and fairness are mediated by risk and benefit perceptions. Structural equation modeling has been applied to analyze the hypothesized relationships based on a dataset of 825 households in China’s largest shale gas field. Our results indicate that residents’ perceived fairness and trust positively affect their benefit perceptions and negatively affect their risk perceptions, which results in positive influences on acceptance, and knowledge of SGE’s environmental impacts positively affects perceived risks, which results in a negative influence on acceptance. Moreover, residents’ acceptance is primarily determined by their benefit perception, followed by perceived fairness, and knowledge is the least important determinant. Thus, our study contributes to the literature by exploring the structural relationships between various psychological predictors and the acceptance toward SGE, and the results from our empirical survey provide insight into designing appropriate strategies in the process of generating and communicating shale policies.
Monitoring of cotton bollworms through pheromone traps and impact of abiotic factors on trap catch

Adult populations of cotton bollworms were monitored through pheromone traps for five successive seasons. The peak activity of H. armigera adults was observed from September to November, while it was from November to January for pink bollworm in different seasons. The tobacco caterpillar, S. litura showed wide variations regarding the peak incidence. Minimum temperature and rainfall were found to exert highly significant negative influence on pheromone trap catch of H. armigera while, all the weather parameters except morning relative humidity had highly significant negative influence on the pheromone trap catch of pink bollworm and tobacco caterpillar.
Trephine Technique for Iliac Crest Bone Graft Harvest: Long-term Results.

STUDY DESIGN Report of surgical technique and long-term outcome; review of prospectively-gathered data and follow-up survey of patient cohort. OBJECTIVE To review surgical technique for a trephine graft harvest technique and assess perioperative complications/pain, long-term outcome, and patient satisfaction after anterior iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) harvest for anterior cervical fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Rates of complications and residual pain after ICBG harvest have reduced its utility as a source of autograft for spinal fusion. Less invasive options reduce morbidity, and trephine harvest is a simple technique, with low morbidity and perioperative and long-term pain. It has not been presented in the peer-reviewed spine literature, and the long-term experience has not been previously reported. METHODS Sixty-eight patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), using allograft spacers, underwent ICBG harvest using a 3.5 mm trephine by a minimally invasive approach. Perioperative complications, pain incidence and VAS were analyzed. 30 consecutive patients were subsequently surveyed for long-term follow-up regarding pain, function, and satisfaction. RESULTS No perioperative (0 - 6 weeks) graft-site complications (infection, hematoma, fracture, wound dehiscence) occurred. There were no reoperations, and no treatment required for graft-site complaints. No patient reported clinically significant perioperative pain (> 3/10). At long-term follow-up (mean 45 months) no patients reported pain >3/10 at their graft-site, and the mean VAS was 0.20/10. No patient was impaired by graft-site symptoms, and all were satisfied with their graft harvest. CONCLUSIONS Trephine graft harvest minimizes soft tissue dissection, periosteal elevation, and cortical disruption. Outcome using this technique eliminated perioperative complications in this study group, and reduced pain in both perioperative and long-term assessments. Compared to historical outcomes, trephine harvest provides sufficient graft with comparable or improved results relative to other minimally invasive approaches, and significantly improved relative to traditional open techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Tissue Immune Profile: A Tool to Predict Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Simple Summary Pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy can predict survival outcomes in patients with early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The immune microenvironment can affect response to chemotherapy. We combined several immune-related biomarkers (TILs, PD-L1 and CD73) in a tissue immune profile (TIP) and investigated if can predict pCR better than single biomarkers in TNBC. The association between TIP and pCR could be proposed as a novel link between immune background and response to chemotherapy. As a future perspective, our results could help to select patients eligible for combinations with immunotherapy or for escalating and de-escalating strategies. Abstract Pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can predict better survival outcomes in patients with early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), and Cluster of Differentiation 73 (CD73) are immune-related biomarkers that can be evaluated in the tumor microenvironment. We investigated if the contemporary expression of these biomarkers combined in a tissue immune profile (TIP) can predict pCR better than single biomarkers in TNBC. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD73 expression by cancer cells (CC), and PD-L1 expression by immune cells (IC) were evaluated on pre-NACT biopsies. We defined TIP positive (TIP+) as the simultaneous presence of TILS ≥ 50%, PD-L1 ≥ 1%, and CD73 ≤ 40%. To consider the effects of all significant variables on the pCR, multivariate analysis was performed. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used for model selection. We retrospectively analyzed 60 biopsies from patients with TNBC who received standard NACT. Pathological complete response was achieved in 23 patients (38.0%). Twelve (20.0%) cases resulted to be TIP+. The pCR rate was significantly different between TIP+ (91.7%) and TIP− (25.0%) (p < 0.0001). Using a multivariate analysis, TIP was confirmed as an independent predictive factor of pCR (OR 49.7 (6.30–392.4), p < 0.0001). Finally, we compared the efficacy of TIP versus each single biomarker in predicting pCR by AIC and BIC. The combined immune profile is more accurate in predicting pCR (AIC 68.3; BIC 74.5) as compared to single biomarkers. The association between TIP+ and pCR can be proposed as a novel link between immune background and response to chemotherapy in TNBC, highlighting the need to consider an immunological patients’ profile rather than single biomarkers.
Effects of Pre-Cooling on Thermophysiological Responses in Elite Eventing Horses

Simple Summary Horses have a high metabolic capacity for exercise, producing a great deal of heat, and have a small surface area for heat loss. Under limited circumstances, the regulation of heat loss (i.e., across the respiratory tract and by the evaporation of sweat) means heat build-up in the body is reduced. Thermoregulation can be assisted by cooling the horses down to safely perform exercise in thermally challenging environments. The present study showed that pre-cooling (i.e., cooling between the warm-up and exercise performance) slightly reduced the rise in rectal, shoulder and rump skin temperatures of ten international eventing horses during moderately intense canter training in moderate environmental conditions. During the canter training, heart rate, sweat rate and sweat composition were unaffected by pre-cooling. The pre-cooling strategy chosen here was cold-water rinsing for a short period of time (~8 min). Considering the limited time and space at equestrian events, such a pre-cooling strategy could easily be implemented. Reducing heat strain by pre-cooling may potentially improve equine welfare during events. Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of pre-cooling on thermophysiological responses in horses exercising in moderate environmental conditions (average wet bulb globe temperature: 18.5 ± 3.8 °C). Ten international eventing horses performed moderate intensity canter training on two separate days, and were either pre-cooled with cold-water rinsing (5–9 °C for 8 ± 3 min; cooling) or were not pre-cooled (control). We determined velocity (V), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tre,), shoulder and rump skin temperature (Tshoulder and Trump), plasma lactate concentration (LA), gross sweat loss (GSL), and local sweat rate (LSR), as well as sweat sodium, chloride and potassium concentrations. The effect of pre-cooling on Tre was dependent on time; after 20 min of exercise the effect was the largest (estimate: 0.990, 95% likelihood confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.987, 0.993) compared to the control condition, resulting in a lower median Tre of 0.3 °C. Skin temperature was also affected by pre-cooling compared to the control condition (Tshoulder: −3.30 °C, 95% CI: −3.739, −2.867; Trump: −2.31 °C, 95% CI: −2.661, −1.967). V, HR, LA, GSL, LSR and sweat composition were not affected by pre-cooling. In conclusion, pre-cooling by cold-water rinsing could increase the margin for heat storage, allowing a longer exercise time before a critical Tre is reached and, therefore, could potentially improve equine welfare during competition.
Gay and Bisexual Men in the US Lack Basic Information About Anal Cancer

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a cause of anal cancer among at-risk gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). Materials and Methods Secondary analysis was conducted of cross-sectional data from 3 cycles of the Health Information National Trends Survey (2017, 2018, 2019). Results were reported for the subset of adults who identified as GBM (N = 212). Knowledge that HPV can cause anal cancer was the main outcome. Differences in knowledge were evaluated (using χ2 and multiple logistic regression) by demographic, health information factors, and access to care. Results Sixty-eight percent of GBM were aware of HPV. Knowledge that HPV causes anal cancer was low (<20%) in the overall sample and sample of GBM (17.9%; 95% CI = 11.0–24.7). Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men were no more knowledgeable that HPV causes anal cancer than heterosexual men (14.8%; 95% CI = 12.9–16.9; p = .376). College-educated GBM had higher odds (adjusted odds ratio = 3.50; 95% CI = 1.02–11.97) of knowing HPV causes anal cancer than GBM with no college degree. No other factors were associated with knowledge. Conclusions Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men are largely unaware that HPV can cause anal cancer, despite high awareness of HPV itself. This is concerning given that GBM are at increased risk of HPV-associated anal cancer than the general population. Our findings suggest that information about anal cancer and health information about the benefits of HPV vaccination for anal cancer prevention are only reaching a small subset of college-educated GBM. Targeted anal cancer education programs are needed.