Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ryanodine receptor inhibition improves cardiac repolarization reserve and contractile function and prevents sudden arrhythmic death in failing hearts.

INTRODUCTION: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) are a leading cause of death, but current therapies are limited. Despite extensive research on drugs targeting sarcolemmal ion channels, none have proven sufficiently effective for preventing SCD. Sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca release channels, the downstream effectors of sarcolemmal ion channels, are underexplored in this context. Recent evidence implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidation and hyperactivity of RyR2s in the pathophysiology of SCD. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that RyR2 inhibition of failing arrhythmogenic hearts reduces sarcoplasmic Ca leak and repolarization lability, mitigates VT/VF/SCD and improves contractile function. METHODS: We used a nonischemic HF guinea pig model that replicates key aspects of human clinical HF, such as a prolonged QT interval, a high prevalence of spontaneous arrhythmic SCD, and profound Ca 2+ leak via a hyperactive RyR2. HF animals were randomized to receive dantrolene (DS) or placebo in early or chronic HF and intention-to-treat analysis was done. We assessed the incidence of VT/VF and SCD (primary outcome), ECG heart rate and QT variability, echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) structure and function, immunohistochemical LV fibrosis, and sarcoplasmic RyR2 oxidation. RESULTS: DS treatment prevented VT/VF and SCD by decreasing dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias. Compared to placebo, DS lowered resting heart rate, preserved chronotropic competency during transient β -adrenergic challenge, improved heart rate variability, and improved cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of RyR2 hyperactivity with dantrolene mitigates the vicious cycle of sarcoplasmic Ca leak-induced increases in diastolic Ca and ROS-mediated RyR2 oxidation to improve repolarization reserve and protect against VT/VF/SCD. Moreover, the consequent increase in sarcoplasmic
CARBON BUDGET AND SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL IN A SANDY SOIL TREATED WITH COMPOST

The effects of compost application on soil carbon sequestration potential and carbon budget of a tropical sandy soil was studied. Greenhouse gas emissions from soil surface and agricultural inputs (fertiliser and fossil fuel uses) were evaluated. The origin of soil organic carbon was identified by using stable carbon isotope. The CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from soil were estimated in hill evergreen forest (NF) plot as reference, and in the corn cultivation plots with compost application rate at 30 Mg ha−1 y−1 (LC), and at 50 Mg ha−1 y−1 (HC). The total C emissions from soil surface were 8·54, 10·14 and 9·86 Mg C ha−1 y−1 for NF, HC and LC soils, respectively. Total N2O emissions from HC and LC plots (2·56 and 3·47 kg N2O ha−1 y−1) were significantly higher than from the NF plot (1·47 kg N2O ha−1 y−1). Total CO2 emissions from fuel uses of fertiliser, irrigation and machinery were about 10 per cent of total CO2 emissions. For soil carbon storage, since 1983, it has been increased significantly (12 Mg ha−1) under the application of 50 Mg ha−1 y−1 of compost but not with 30 Mg ha−1 y−1. The net C budget when balancing out carbon inputs and outputs from soil for NF, HC and LC soils were +3·24, −2·50 and +2·07 Mg C ha−1 y−1, respectively. Stable isotope of carbon (δ13C value) indicates that most of the increased soil carbon is derived from the compost inputs and/or corn biomass. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimodal Imaging of White Dot Syndromes

White dot syndromes are an uncommon group of posterior uveitis affecting the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris, and/or choroidal stroma. Multimodal imaging, including fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography angiography, has improved our understanding regarding their pathophysiology, helping us to rename or even regroup some of these disorders as one disease in opposition to the historical description. It also provides useful information to evaluate disease activity and monitor response to treatment. This chapter will review the different findings on multimodal imaging of these heterogenous disorders and classify them according to their primary anatomic involvement.
Basement reactivation in the development of rift basins: an example of reactivated Caledonide structures in the West Orkney Basin

The West Orkney Basin is a poorly studied Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rift basin that overlies a highly seismic-reflective Caledonian orogenic basement terrane. This study presents a novel approach of using 2D seismic data to map single intra-basement reflection packages and their relationship to overlying normal faults in the West Orkney Basin. It is demonstrated that the rift architecture of the West Orkney Basin is more linear with a prominence of relay zones relative to previous interpretations, and that rift structures form complex discordant and concordant relationships with pre-rift Caledonide basement structures. Restoration of basement fabrics to their pre-extensional geometry indicates that the reactivation of basement structures as normal faults has occurred only where the pre-extensional-dip of basement structures is greater than 30°. The relatively high density of relay zones mapped in the West Orkney Basin is proposed to be the result of the rift system forming a partially exploitative relationship with basement structure, where extension has been accommodated between segments that have or have not reactivated basement fabrics.
Sea level and geostrophic current features from tandem TOPEX/Poseidon‐Jason data in the Newfoundland offshore

We have investigated sea level and surface currents features over the Newfoundland Shelf and Slope using the tandem TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason altimetry data (2002–2003). The consistency and error characteristics of T/P and Jason measurements are examined not only in terms of sea level and cross‐track current anomalies but also with respect to current anomalies at crossovers and the Labrador Current transport. Nominal absolute currents are constructed by adding the altimetric geostrophic current anomalies to a climatological‐mean model circulation field. The comparison of the sea level and cross‐track current anomalies from January to July 2002 shows overall good agreement between T/P and Jason, with correlation coefficients different from zero at the 95% confidence level at almost all locations for sea level and at most locations for currents. Errors are estimated to be 2.5 cm for sea level and 10 cm/s for cross‐track current anomalies. Analyses of the current variability at crossovers indicate approximate agreement of T/P and Jason measurements, except for the Northeastern Newfoundland Shelf and Slope probably due to the ice presence during the period. Model‐altimetry combined absolute currents are used to estimate near‐surface transport associated with the shelf‐edge Labrador Current, showing good correlation between T/P and Jason estimates and strong seasonal changes. The cross‐track geostrophic current anomalies from September 2002 to December 2003 are used to calculate the root‐mean‐square (rms) current variability at crossovers and to derive the shelf‐edge Labrador Current. The interleaved T/P and Jason observations can better capture the spatial distribution of shelf and slope circulation variability.
Nitrogen in rock: Occurrences and biogeochemical implications

There is a growing interest in the role of bedrock in global nitrogen cycling and potential for increased ecosystem sensitivity to human impacts in terrains with elevated background nitrogen concentrations. Nitrogen‐bearing rocks are globally distributed and comprise a potentially large pool of nitrogen in nutrient cycling that is frequently neglected because of a lack of routine analytical methods for quantification. Nitrogen in rock originates as organically bound nitrogen associated with sediment, or in thermal waters representing a mixture of sedimentary, mantle, and meteoric sources of nitrogen. Rock nitrogen concentrations range from trace levels (<200 mg N kg−1) in granites to ecologically significant concentrations exceeding 1000 mg N kg−1 in some sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. Nitrate deposits accumulated in arid and semi‐arid regions are also a large potential pool. Nitrogen in rock has a potentially significant impact on localized nitrogen cycles. Elevated nitrogen concentrations in water and soil have been attributed to weathering of bedrock nitrogen. In some environments, nitrogen released from bedrock may contribute to nitrogen saturation of terrestrial ecosystems (more nitrogen available than required by biota). Nitrogen saturation results in leaching of nitrate to surface and groundwaters, and, where soils are formed from ammonium‐rich bedrock, the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate may result in soil acidification, inhibiting revegetation in certain ecosystems. Collectively, studies presented in this article reveal that geologic nitrogen may be a large and reactive pool with potential for amplification of human impacts on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Gross and Biometrical Studies on Pelvic Bones of Chital (Axis axis)

The present study was conducted on the pelvic bones of chital (Axis axis). The ilium was the largest and irregularly triangular in shape. The gluteal surface was concave, the iliac surface was smooth and the sacral surface was wider at its proximal and distal parts. The external angle was very large and prominent. The internal angle was a little below the level of the sacral spines. The ischium was placed behind the ilium and the pubis. The pelvic surface was smooth and concave. The ventral surface was nearly flat. The pubis was irregularly triangular. The acetabulum was formed by the union of all three bones and presented three notches. Chital (Axis axis), also known as spotted deer or axis deer, is an antelope which is an endemic species of South Asia, occurring in India. The chital is protected under Schedule III of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted on six adult chital (Axis axis) of either sex. The permission for the specimen’s collection was sought from Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (PCCF), Rajasthan. The skeletons were collected from the Bikaner Zoo and Jaipur Zoo after official approvals. The skeletons were dug out from the graveyard located in the premises of the office of Deputy Conservator of Forest (WL), Bikaner and Jaipur. The specimens were processed as per standard technique. The gross study was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Bikaner under supervision of the zoo personals. Different parameters of os-coxae and femur were measured and subjected to routine statistical analysis (Snedecor and Cochran, 1989).
Knowledge and performance on diabetes control among primary health workers: A baseline survey of quasi experimental study in Naypyitaw, Myanmar

Background : Diabetes is a growing public health problem. Due to a paradigm shift in diabetes control from hospitals to communities, improving the knowledge and performance of primary health care (PHC) providers with regards to diabetes is essential. Although Myanmar has a high prevalence of diabetes, the knowledge and performance of PHC providers has not been properly assessed before. This study assessed PHC knowledge and performance on diabetes control in two townships in Naypyitaw, Myanmar. Methods : In this cross-sessional descriptive study, PHC providers, including midwives, lady health visitors (female nurse supervisors), and public health supervisors were selected. Their socio-demographic variables, as well as knowledge and performance related to ﬁ ve domains of diabetes control were assessed. Results : 100 PHC providers participated in the study. A majority of the respondents (54%) had average knowledge, while less (8%) had good knowledge. Most respondents had poor performance (63%). A signi ﬁ cant correlation was observed between knowledge and performance scoring (p ¼ 0.01). The knowledge scoring was signi ﬁ cantly associated with sex, designation (working rank level), and exposure to diabetes control training among participants. The performance scoring was associated with sex, designation, number of postings, level of facilities, exposure to diabetes training and campaigns. Conclusion : Since majority of respondents had poor performance, the study recommended possible solutions to improve diabetes control including: revising targets and strategies for diabetes screening, designing tailored training to improve treatment and referral services, and piloting web-based tools to improve diabetes knowledges and a diabetes registry during the post COVID-19 pandemic health system recovery.
Safewards: the empirical basis of the model and a critical appraisal

In a previous paper, we described a proposed model explaining differences in rates of conflict (aggression, absconding, self-harm, etc.) and containment (seclusion, special observation, manual restraint, etc.). The Safewards Model identified six originating domains as sources of conflict and containment: the patient community, patient characteristics, the regulatory framework, the staff team, the physical environment, and outside hospital. In this paper, we assemble the evidence underpinning the inclusion of these six domains, drawing upon a wide ranging review of the literature across all conflict and containment items; our own programme of research; and reasoned thinking. There is good evidence that the six domains are important in conflict and containment generation. Specific claims about single items within those domains are more difficult to support with convincing evidence, although the weight of evidence does vary between items and between different types of conflict behaviour or containment method. The Safewards Model is supported by the evidence, but that evidence is not particularly strong. There is a dearth of rigorous outcome studies and trials in this area, and an excess of descriptive studies. The model allows the generation of a number of different interventions in order to reduce rates of conflict and containment, and properly conducted trials are now needed to test its validity. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2014, 21, 354–364 354 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Safewards : the empirical basis of the model and a critical appraisal

In a previous paper, we described a proposed model explaining differences in rates of conflict (aggression, absconding, self-harm, etc.) and containment (seclusion, special observation, manual restraint, etc.). The Safewards Model identified six originating domains as sources of conflict and containment: the patient community, patient characteristics, the regulatory framework, the staff team, the physical environment, and outside hospital. In this paper, we assemble the evidence underpinning the inclusion of these six domains, drawing upon a wide ranging review of the literature across all conflict and containment items; our own programme of research; and reasoned thinking. There is good evidence that the six domains are important in conflict and containment generation. Specific claims about single items within those domains are more difficult to support with convincing evidence, although the weight of evidence does vary between items and between different types of conflict behaviour or containment method. The Safewards Model is supported by the evidence, but that evidence is not particularly strong. There is a dearth of rigorous outcome studies and trials in this area, and an excess of descriptive studies. The model allows the generation of a number of different interventions in order to reduce rates of conflict and containment, and properly conducted trials are now needed to test its validity. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2014, 21, 354–364 354 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.
Long term development of a realistic and 1 integrated socio-ecological system

23 We developed a discrete and qualitative model of integrated socio-ecosystems, with the help of 24 formal Petri nets. We illustrated such Petri nets in the case study of temporary marshes in the 25 Mediterranean part of France, the Camargue delta, by integrating biotic, abiotic and human-related 26 components along with their processes into the same interaction network. The model demonstrated 27 that when marshes are exposed to extensive grazing the presence of marsh heritage species is 28 facilitated by opening up the vegetation through various trajectories. This supports the commonly 29 used management practice of extensive grazing to conserve certain protected habitats. With this 30 Possibilistic approach, we identified all potential ecosystem trajectories and provided their 31 differential (non-systematic) impacts on heritage species richness (number). Hence, we rigorously 32 demonstrate with this new type of model that grazing benefits marsh species which are faced with 33 competition from common grassland species. The detailed analysis of the explicit state space and 34 trajectories allows exploring simultaneously the identification of a range of recommendations for 35 management strategies. 36
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION INTERVAL, ORGANIC MANURING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION LEVEL ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE

This investigation was carried out in an demonstrated field at Al-Ibrahimia District, Sharkia Governorate, during 2011 and 2012 seasons to find out the effect of irrigation interval (14 and 18 days), starting from 3 rd irrigation (48 and 52 days after planting) organic manuring (check, 20 m 3 /fad., farmyard manure “FYM” and 5 tons compost/ fad.) and three N levels (20, 60 and 120 kg N/fad.) on yield and its attributes of maize (single cross 129). The irrigation interval had no significant effects on maize grain yield and its yield attributes. However, the combined analysis detected significant differences in shelling percentage and harvest index where, irrigation interval every 14 days recorded higher averages compared with irrigation every 18 days. Addition of 20 m 3 /fad. , of FYM, significantly increased grain, ear, stover and total yields/ fad. , ear length, number of grains/ ear, 100-grain weight and grain weight/ ear according to the combined analysis. Increasing N level up to 120 kg / fad. , gave significant increments in grain yield and yield attributes except shelling percentage which was decreased. Stover yield was responded only to 60 kg N/ fad. Increasing N levels had no significant effect on of number rows/ ear and grain protein content. The first order interactions between factors had significant effects on some yield attributes. The most interesting of these was detected with ear and grain yields/ fad. , traits in the second season. Organic manuring was effective to avoid a significant decrease in ear and grain yields/ fad. , which was observed in the un-manured plots when the irrigation interval was prolonged to 18 instead of 14 days. Such finding confirmed the benefits of organic manure in improving soil-water holding capacity which functionally reduces water requirements for plants.
The Physiological Effect of Excessive Indulgence: Its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

Too much of anything is bad for health. In recent years we have been familiar with “Binge”. It may be in the case of eating, drinking, or watching movies. Generation Z is very much affected by this way of living. This habit comes from indulgence. These indulgences come mainly from heredity factors, psychological conditions, dieting, peer pressure, etc. Studies show that some important features can be shared, including personality and emotional features such as neuroticism and urgency. Excessive indulgence can lead to physical and mental breakdowns. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an effective specialty treatment for different disorders that leads to a healthy life. A continuous effort to identify the consequences of binge behaviours will also aid the development of the research field. We have to build a society free from excessive indulgence.
Is Mercury a volatile‐rich planet?

Data returned from the gamma‐ray spectrometer onboard the Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft have been interpreted to say that Mercury is a volatile‐rich planet (elevated K/Th and K/U), which is important given its heliocentric distance. The MESSENGER X‐ray spectrometer provided chemical information from the surface of Mercury which we used to calculate an average surface composition for the regions analyzed. The high S abundance and low FeO abundance of the surface indicates that the oxygen fugacity of the Mercurian interior is very reducing (−6.3 to −2.6 logfO2units below the iron‐wüstite buffer). At these low oxygen fugacities, elements that are typically considered lithophile can become more siderophile or chalcophile. We review available metal/silicate partitioning data for K and U to show that Mercury's volatile inventory is still an open question, and additional experiments investigating metal/silicate partitioning at the conditions of Mercury's core formation are needed.
Determinants of Awareness and Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties in North Central, Nigeria

The Nigerian rice sector and WARDA has adopted several development initiatives in the past years towards increasing development and production of improved rice varieties. However, the country has not been able to produce enough rice for her teeming population and as such has to be bridged by rice imports. Therefore, factors influencing awareness and adoption of improved rice varieties were examined. Data collected from the rice baseline field survey designed by AfricaRice from Nasarawa and Benue states in 2013 was used. Multistage sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 149 rice farmers. Probit regression and heckman two-stage sample selection model was then used to analyze the data. Results revealed that 95.3% of the sampled households were aware of improved rice varieties while 87.25% had grown at least one of the improved rice varieties at the time of visit. In the awareness model, access to media was positive and statistically significant at 5%. Access to credit, access to media, farm size, gender, household size and agricultural income significantly influence the probability and intensity of adoption in the study area. Credit facilities should be provided at no collaterals with very low interest rates for adoption of improved rice varieties in the study area.