Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Morphology of Flare Phenomena, Magnetic Fields, and Electric Currents in Active Regions. III. NOAA Active Region 6233 (1990 August)

We investigate the spatial relationship between vertical electric currents and flare phenomena in NOAA Active Region 6233, which was observed 1990, August 28-31 at Mees Solar Observatory. The two flares studied are the 1N/M1.8 flare on August 28, 22:30 UT and the 1N/M1.6 flare on August 29, 20:35 UT. Using Stokes polarimetry we make magnetograms of the region and compute the vertical current density. Using H-alpha imaging spectroscopy we identify sites of intense nonthermal electron precipitation or of high coronal pressure. The precipitation in these flares is barely strong enough to be detectable. We find that both precipitation and high pressure tend to occur near vertical currents, but that neither phenomenon is cospatial with current maxima. In contrast with the conclusion of other authors, we argue that these observations do not support a current-interruption model for flares, unless the relevant currents are primarily horizontal. The magnetic morphology and temporal evolution of these flares suggest that an erupting filament model may be relevant, but this model does not explicitly predict the relationship between precipitation, high pressure, and vertical currents.
A FRAMEWORK FOR TORSION THEORY COMPUTATIONS ON ELLIPTIC THREEFOLDS

Abstract We give a list of statements on the geometry of elliptic threefolds phrased only in the language of topology and homological algebra. Using only notions from topology and homological algebra, we recover existing results and prove new results on torsion pairs in the category of coherent sheaves on an elliptic threefold.
Instantons and odd Khovanov homology

We construct a spectral sequence from the reduced odd Khovanov homology of a link converging to the framed instanton homology of the double cover branched over the link, with orientation reversed. Framed instanton homology counts certain instantons on the cylinder of a 3‐manifold connect‐summed with a 3‐torus. En route, we provide a new proof of Floer's surgery exact triangle for instanton homology using metric stretching maps, and generalize the exact triangle to a link surgeries spectral sequence. Finally, we relate framed instanton homology to Floer's instanton homology for admissible bundles.
Disturbance localization with dead-beat control for linear periodic discrete-time systems

In this paper the classical notion of a controlled invariant subspace, together with its main properties, is extended to the case of linear periodic discrete-time systems, and used for deriving necessary and sufficient solvability conditions for the disturbance-localization problem and a synthesis procedure for the solution. Moreover, the notions of outer and inner controllable subspaces are introduced and studied for the same class of system, thus allowing the derivation of necessary and sufficient solvability conditions for the disturbance-localization problem with output or state dead-beat control and to give synthesis procedures for the solutions.
The approximation of Lyapunov exponents by horseshoes for $C^1$-diffeomorphisms with dominated splitting.

Let $f$ be a $C^1$-diffeomorphism and $\mu$ be a hyperbolic ergodic $f$-invariant Borel probability measure with positive measure-theoretic entropy. Assume that the Oseledec splitting $$T_xM=E_1(x) \oplus\cdots\oplus E_s(x) \oplus E_{s+1}(x) \oplus\cdots\oplus E_l(x) $$ is dominated on the Oseledec basin $\Gamma$. We give extensions of Katok's Horseshoes construction. Moreover there is a dominated splitting corresponding to Oseledec subspace on horseshoes.
Substance use, psychiatric symptoms, personal mastery, and social support among COVID-19 long haulers: A compensatory model

Background: Substance use has become a critical health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic, and emerging attention has been paid to people with the persistent symptoms of COVID-19 (COVID-19 long haulers) due to their high vulnerability. However, scant research has investigated their substance use and relevant psychosocial factors. The current study was to (1) examine substance use behaviors (i.e., legal drug use, illicit drug use, and non-medical use of prescription drugs); and (2) assessed their associations with psychiatric symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder) and psychosocial factors (i.e., personal mastery and social support) among COVID-19 long haulers. Methods: In January to March 2022, 460 COVID-19 long haulers (50% female), with an average age of 32, completed online surveys regarding their demographics, substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and psychosocial factors. Results: In the past three months, the most commonly used or non-medically used substances were tobacco (82%) for legal drugs, cocaine (53%) for illicit drugs, and prescription opioids (67%) for prescription drugs. Structural equation modeling suggested that psychiatric symptoms were positively associated with substance use behaviors (bs = .38 to .68, ps < .001), while psychosocial factors were negatively associated with substance use behaviors (bs = -.61 to -.43, ps < .001). Conclusion: Substance use is common in COVID-19 long haulers and psychiatric symptoms are the risk factors. Personal mastery and social support appear to offer protection offsetting the psychiatric influences. Substance use prevention and mental health services for COVID-19 long haulers should attend to personal mastery and social support.
Exact bipartite Turán numbers of large even cycles

The bipartite Turán number, denoted by ex(m,n,H) , is the maximum number of edges in an H ‐free bipartite graph with two parts of sizes m and n , respectively. In this article, we prove ex(m,n,C2t)=(t−1)n+m−t+1 for any positive integers m,n,t with n≥m≥t≥m2+1 , which confirms (in a strong form) the unsolved case of a conjecture of Győri. Let G=(X,Y;E) be a bipartite graph with ∣X∣=n and ∣Y∣=m . Suppose that n≥m≥2k+2 for some k∈N . We prove that G contains cycles of all even lengths from 4 to 2m−2k if e(G)≥(m−k−1)n+k+2 . This result sharpens a theorem on long cycles in bipartite graphs due to Jackson. As a main tool, for a longest cycle C in a bipartite graph, we prove an upper bound of the number of edges which are incident with at most one vertex in C , which is a bipartite analogue of a classical theorem of Bondy. Our proof technique is structural.
Rodrigues Formula for Hi-Jack Symmetric Polynomials Associated with the Quantum Calogero Model

The Hi-Jack symmetric polynomials, which are associated with the simultaneous eigenstates for the first and second conserved operators of the quantum Calogero model, are studied. Using the algebraic properties of the Dunkl operators for the model, we derive the Rodrigues formula for the Hi-Jack symmetric polynomials. Some properties of the Hi-Jack polynomials and the relationships with the Jack symmetric polynomials and with the basis given by the QISM approach are presented. The Hi-Jack symmetric polynomials are strong candidates for the orthogonal basis of the quantum Calogero model.
Prebiotic potential of Puçá and Gabiroba fruit by-products from Cerrado Savannah

ABSTRACT This study investigated the prebiotic potential of by-products from Puçá (Mouriri elliptica Mart) and Gabiroba (Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg) (PBP and GBP). The fermentative capacity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05, Lacticaseibacillus casei L-26, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 was evaluated on PBP and GBP extracts. Their prebiotic activity scores were evaluated in the presence of two strains of Escherichia coli. PBP and GBP contain high levels of dietary fiber and significant content of phenolic compounds such as catechin and procyanidin B2. Probiotic cultivation in media with PBP and GBP showed increased bacterial counts and decreased pH values. Positive probiotic activity scores were found for all strains, such as increased production of short-chain fatty acids and consumption of glucose and fructose over time, indicating high metabolic activities. Therefore, the PBP and GBP have characteristics that indicate their prebiotic potential, and potentially are interesting components to increase the nutritional value of foods.
The Probiotic Biosurfactant From Levilactobacillus brevis Strain F20 Isolated from a Diary Product with Potential Food Applications

ABSTRACT In recent years, probiotic bacteria have received considerable attention for biosurfactant (BS) production. In the current study, 80 bacteria were isolated from 70 dairy samples. F20 isolate was selected based on probiotic tests and identified by 16S rRNA method as Levilactobacillus brevis and introduced as valuable candidate for producing biosurfactant. The results of optimization by Central Composite Design (CCD) showed the maximal biosurfactant production at 2.75% of glucose, 3.625% of oil, and 4.25% of yeast concentration. The emulsification index E24 values of 17.14% and 37.5% were obtained in the presence of hexadecane and crude oil, respectively and the biosurfactant production by L. brevis decreased surface tension to 38.05 mN/m. The results obtained TLC and FTIR analysis have confirmed the presence of glycolipid and lipopeptide moieties in the structure of BS. This research indicated that L. brevis strain F20 could be a promising biosurfactant producer in the food and medicine industries.
Anti-inflammatory, anti-lipogenesis, and anti-obesity benefits of fermented Aronia vinegar evaluated in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet induced C57BL/6 mice

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the bioactivity and anti-obesity effects of Aronia vinegar (AV) prepared using Acetobacter pasterurianus SRCM 101341. AV had higher ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity (92.16 and 93.80%) compared with commercial vinegar (CV). Total polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents in the AV were 15.06 mg GAE/mL, 2.85 mg QE/mL, and 7.59 mg C3GE/L, respectively. RAW 264.7 cells treated with 3% AV showed higher inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production (21.6%) compared to CV treated cells. Similarly, 3T3-L1 cells treated with 3% AV showed decreased lipid (12.1%) and triglyceride (10.1%) accumulation compared to CV treated cells. Furthermore, qRT-PCR studies showed that 3% AV treatment suppressed 0.62- and 0.67-fold expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, oral administration of AV reduced body weight, fat, and serum lipid profile without any histopathological effect in 5-week-old C57BL/6 obesity-induced mice.
Therapists’ questions to clients about what might be helpful can be supportive without being directive: a conversation analysis

ABSTRACT Shared decision-making about therapeutic methods has been proposed as a way of conceptualising, and assisting, collaboration in the therapeutic alliance. However, little is known about how psychotherapists actually create concrete, moment-by-moment opportunities for clients to share their ideas about what might be therapeutically helpful. We used conversation analysis to examine psychotherapists’ questions about what might be helpful in audio-recordings of early sessions of a collaborative-integrative therapy. We examined forty-two sessions involving seven dyads and identified 28 cases of questions either inviting clients’ ideas about helpful in-therapy methods or strategies outside the therapy room. Psychotherapists could invite clients’ ideas by using simple questions, however clients could find such questions problematic. Alternatively, psychotherapists could add scaffolding: offering support to the client in terms of how they might respond. However, this could erode clients’ autonomy to respond with their own ideas. We identified a conversational practice, de-specifying, which overcomes this dilemma: asking questions and providing scaffolding whilst also lessening the pressure on the client to go along with that scaffolding. A therapeutic style which includes scaffolding and de-specifying practices creates an opportunity for the client to contribute where clients are empathically supported, but not directed, in responding.
Images of Titan at 1.3 and 1.6 μm with Adaptive Optics at the CFHT

Abstract Titan was observed with the Adaptive Optics Bonette at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope during October 27th 1998 (UTC), when the satellite was at greatest eastern elongation (GEE) with respect to Saturn and its leading hemisphere was seen from the Earth. The seeing was excellent during these observations (with peaks at 0.3″ in the visible), and this allowed us to successfully image Titan for the first time in the J band, where the adaptive optics correction is highly dependent on the atmospheric conditions. Images were obtained in the center of the so-called “methane windows,” where the absorption is weak (at 1.29 –J1– and 1.6 μm –H1–) and also in the wings of the CH 4 bands (at 1.18 μm –J2– and 1.64 μm –H2–) with narrowband filters. The latter wavelengths yield information on Titan's stratosphere and allow us, by subtracting its contribution from the J1 and H1 images, to infer furthermore direct information on the surface properties. The resolution on the J and H diffraction-limited images is about 0.08–0.1″, translating into about 10 independent resolution elements or 20 pixels on the Titan disk. We have obtained reconstructed PSFs of very high signal-to-noise ratio, with associated Strehl ratios of about 35% in J and 50% in H. Hence, new and more efficient deconvolution methods (such as MISTRAL) were applied to the images, reducing ringing defects and restoring the initial photometry while enhancing the contrast on the observed features. Thus, the main features of the Titan atmosphere (bright south pole) and surface (large bright equatorial region and darker areas)—as previously observed with ADONIS/ESO, as well as with the HST and the Keck telescopes—are apparent, but with a much higher level of detail and contrast (about 30%) at these wavelengths. In addition, on the J1 and J2 images, along with the north–south asymmetry (which is probably due to seasona l effects), another bright feature is reported for the first time seen on Titan's morning limb (anti-Saturn during GEE). This feature may be diagnostic of diurnal effects (such as morning fog) at altitudes of 70–90 km (due to the cycle of the condensable species), but requires further investigation before its origin can be firmly identified. On the surface images (corrected for limb effects and atmospheric contribution), the large equatorial feature is found to be bright also at 1.3 μm (thus further constraining models of the surface composition). The high quality of the data allows us to resolve this area into three or more individual peaks, possibly towering over a mountainous plateau covered with ice (a plausible candidate being ethane ice). In any event, our images show this part of Titan's leading hemisphere to be more complex than previously suggested by models of Titan's surface. From our albedo maps, it appears that the darker areas have reflectances that are about three times lower than the bright equatorial region.
A Workflow for High Through-Put, High Precision Livestock Diagnostic Screening of Locomotor Kinematics

Locomotor kinematics have been challenging inputs for automated diagnostic screening of livestock. Locomotion is a highly variable behavior, and influenced by subject characteristics (e.g. body mass, size, age, disease). We assemble a set of methods from different scientific disciplines, composing an automatic, high through-put workflow which can disentangle behavioral complexity and generate precise individual indicators of non-normal behavior for application in diagnostics and research. For this study, piglets (Sus domesticus) were filmed from lateral perspective during their first ten hours of life, an age at which maturation is quick and body mass and size have major consequences for survival. We then apply deep learning methods for point digitization, calculate joint angle profiles, and apply information-preserving transformations to retrieve a multivariate kinematic data set. We train probabilistic models to infer subject characteristics from kinematics. Model accuracy is validated for strides from piglets of normal birth weight (i.e. the category it was trained on), but the models infer the body mass and size of low birth weight piglets (which were left out of training, out-of-sample inference) to be “normal”. The age of some (but not all) low birth weight individuals is underestimated, indicating developmental delay. Such individuals could be identified automatically, inspected, and treated accordingly. This workflow has potential for automatic, precise screening in livestock management.
A Hybrid Architecture for Labelling Bilingual Māori-English Tweets

Most large-scale language detection tools perform poorly at identifying M¯aori text. More-over, rule-based and machine learning-based techniques devised specifically for the M¯aori-English language pair struggle with interlingual homographs. We develop a hybrid architecture that couples M¯aori-language orthography with machine learning models in order to annotate mixed M ¯ aori-English text. This architecture is used to label a new bilingual Twitter corpus at both the token (word) and tweet (sentence) levels. We use the collected tweets to show that the hybrid approach outperforms existing systems with respect to language detection of interlin-gual homographs and overall accuracy. We also evaluate its performance on out-of-domain data. Two interactive visualisations are provided for exploring the Twitter corpus and comparing errors across the new and existing techniques. The architecture code and visualisations are available online, and the corpus is available on request.
SEHY: A Simple yet Effective Hybrid Model for Summarization of Long Scientific Documents

Long-document summarization has been recently recognized as one of the most important natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet one of the least solved ones. Extractive approaches attempt to choose salient sentences via understanding the whole document, but long documents cover numerous subjects with varying details and will not ease content understanding. Instead, abstractive approaches elaborate to generate related tokens while suffering from truncating the source document due to their input sizes. To this end, we propose a S imple yet E ffective HY brid approach, which we call SEHY , that exploits the discourse information of a document to select salient sections instead sentences for summary generation. On the one hand, SEHY avoids the full-text understanding; on the other hand, it retains salient information given the length limit. In particular, we design two simple strategies for training the extractor: extracting sections incrementally and based on salience-analysis. Then, we use strong abstractive models to generate the final summary. We evaluate our approach on a large-scale scientific paper dataset: arXiv. Further, we discuss how the disciplinary class (e.g., computer science, math or physics) of a scientific paper affects the performance of SEHY as its writing style indicates, which is unexplored yet in existing works. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach and interesting findings on arXiv and its subsets generated in this paper.
Confidence Regularized Entropy for Polyphonic Sound Event Detection

One of the main issues of polyphonic sound event detection (PSED) is the class imbalance problem caused by the proportions of active and inactive frames. Since the target sounds occasionally appear, binary cross-entropy makes the model mainly ﬁt on inactive frames. This paper introduces an effective objective function, conﬁdence regularized entropy, which regularizes the conﬁdence level to prevent overﬁtting of the dominant classes. The proposed method exhibits less overﬁtted samples and better detection performance than the binary cross-entropy. Also, we compare our method with the other objective function, the asymmetric focal loss also designed to solve the class imbalance problem in PSED. The two objective functions show different system characteristics. From an end-user perspective, we suggest choosing a proper objective function for the purposes.
On the structure of limiting flocks in hydrodynamic Euler Alignment models

The goal of this paper is to study limiting behavior of a self-organized continuous flock evolving according to the 1D hydrodynamic Euler Alignment model. We provide a series of quantitative estimates that show how far the density of the limiting flock is from a uniform distribution. The key quantity that controls density distortion is the entropy [Formula: see text], and the measure of deviation from uniformity is given by a well-known conserved quantity [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is velocity and [Formula: see text] is the communication operator with kernel [Formula: see text]. The cases of Lipschitz, singular geometric, and topological kernels are covered in the study.
An asymptotic expansion for the density of states of a random Schrödinger operator with Bernoulli disorder

In this paper, we study the density of states of a random Schr dinger operators of the form H(t) = H -\Σ^γ^Ή* ^7^7· Here Η is & periodic Schr dinger operator, V is an exponentially decreasing function and Vj, its translate by Ύ; the random variables (^γ)*ν£ j^* are chosen i. i. d. with the following common Bernoulli probability measure: tj = 1 with probability p, and ΙΊ = 0 with probability 1 — p. We show that TVp(dA), the density of states of H(t), has an asymptotic expansion in ρ when ρ —>· 0. Then, we use this expansion to deduce the behaviour of the integrated density of states of H(t) in the gaps of Η when ρ goes to 0. 0. INTRODUCTION The present paper is devoted to the study of the denstity of states of a simple model of random Schr dinger operators. The model (denoted by H ( t ) ) consists in a periodic Schr dinger operator (denoted by H) to which impurities (represented by replicas of an exponentially decreasing potential V) have been added in the following way: at each site (represented by a point in 2Z), there is a probability p of finding an impurity, and probability 1 — p of finding none, p is a parameter controlling the concentration of impurities in our model. The same model has been studied by R. Hempel and W. Kirsch in [4] which inspired the present work. Let us call 7Vp(dA), the density of states for our model. Then Np is supported by the almost sure spectrum of H(t)> which does not depend on p, but, in the gaps of the spectrum of H, the density of states tends to 0 (in a weak sense) as p tends to 0 (cf [4]). As our main result, we prove that 7Vp(dA) admits an asymptotic expansion (in the distributional sense) in powers of p when p tends to 0, i.e, there exists a sequence of distributions (rik)k>Q such that Np(d\) ~ ΣΡ"Π*, for ρ > Ο, ρ Ο, (0.1) fc>0 the precise meaning of this asymptotic expansion being given in Theorem 1.1. We compute the distributions (nk)k>o· ^o is the density of states of the periodic Schr dinger operator H. For k > 1, let Λ be a set of k sites, and H\ be the hamiltonian H perturbed by putting exactly one impurity at each site of Λ. This is a relatively