Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A SURVEY ON USAGE OF CENTRAL LIBRARY DATABASES BY FACULTY MEMBERS AND STUDENTS AT AHVAZ JUNDISHAPUR UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN 2014-2015

Today, due to the presence of new technologies and changes in library' mission, they have become a place for providing information services rather than to store books ; therefore,this challenges assessing the quality and suitability of the resources that it contains. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and utilization of the Central University Library' databases of medical students and faculty deals.This descriptive study was conducted; the population encompassed EBSCO databases, PubMed, Science Direct and Springer shared to the central library of Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences; and frequency method was used to collect data.After data collection, findings indicated that significant differences existed between the usage rate of databases, and Pubmed was the highest use in this regard. Moreover, according to the academic disciplines variation, the use of databases between different users was so significant that most users of Medical School and School of Dentistry showed the lowest rate. In addition, EBSCO databases and Springer which rarely provide full-text articles were indicated the lowest rate among users mentioned that due to time allocated and it was not economically affordable.It is the fact that the use of databases is inevitable, since some databases are required to pay a subscription, therefore, users must be more careful to select and subscribe them in order to reduce affordably the university' economical cost and to increase its usefulness to users.
Functional characterization and lineage analysis of broadly neutralizing human antibodies against dengue virus identified by single B cell transcriptomics

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) that are spreading into new territories is an important goal of vaccine design. To delineate bNAb targets, we characterized 28 monoclonal antibodies belonging to expanded and hypermutated clonal families identified by transcriptomic analysis of single plasmablasts from DENV-infected individuals. Among these, we identified two somatically related bNAbs that potently neutralized DENV1-4. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the major recognition determinants of these bNAbs are in E protein domain I, distinct from the only known class of human bNAbs against flaviviruses with a well-defined epitope. B cell repertoire analysis from acute-phase peripheral blood suggested a memory origin and divergent somatic hypermutation pathways for these bNAbs, and a limited number of mutations was sufficient for neutralizing activity. Our study suggests multiple B cell evolutionary pathways leading to DENV bNAbs targeting a novel epitope that can be exploited for vaccine design.
The spatial heterogeneity of the gut limits bacteriophage predation leading to the coexistence of antagonist populations of bacteria and their viruses

Bacteria and their viruses, bacteriophages (phages), are the most abundant components of the mammalian gut microbiota where these two entities coexist over time. The ecological dynamics underlying the coexistence between these two antagonistic populations in the gut are unknown. We challenged a murine synthetic bacterial community with a set of virulent phages, to study the factors allowing phages-bacteria coexistence in the gut. We found that coexistence was neither dependent on an arms race between bacteria and phages, nor on the ability of phages to extend host range. Instead, our data suggest that some phage-inaccessible sites in the mucosa of the ileum serve as a spatial refuge for bacteria, which from there disseminate in the gut lumen. Luminal phages amplify by infecting luminal bacteria maintaining phage throughout the gut. We conclude that the heterogeneous distribution of microbes in the gut contributes to the long-term coexistence of phages with phage-susceptible bacteria. This observation could explain the persistence in the human gut of intestinal phages, such as the crAssphage, as well as the low efficiency of oral phage therapy against enteric pathogens in animal models and clinical trials.
Pinus ponderosa: A Taxonomic Review With Five Subspecies in the United States

Callaham, Robert Z. 2013. Pinus ponderosa: a taxonomic review with five subspecies in the United States. Res. Pap. PSW-RP-264. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 52 p. Various forms of Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson are found from British Columbia southward and eastward through 16 states and, perhaps, into Mexico. The status of many names previously associated with this species, but excluded here, has been clarified. Accumulated evidence based on variation in morphology and xylem monoterpenes, partial genetic barriers to crossing, and allozyme differences leads to recognition of five subspecies: 1. Pinus ponderosa subsp. ponderosa, Columbia ponderosa pine, southward from southern British Columbia, east of the Cascade Range in Washington, Oregon, and northeastern California and eastward to the Continental Divide. 2. Pinus ponderosa subsp. critchfieldiana Callaham, subsp. nov., Pacific ponderosa pine, from Puget Sound, Washington, southward to southern California. 3. Pinus ponderosa subsp. scopulorum (Engelm. in S. Watson) E. Murray, Rocky Mountains ponderosa pine, from the Continental Divide in Montana eastward to the Black Hills of South Dakota and southward into Utah and Colorado. 4. Pinus ponderosa subsp. readiana Callaham, subsp. nov., central high plains ponderosa pine, restricted to Nebraska and adjacent areas in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado. 5. Pinus ponderosa subsp. brachyptera (Engelm. in Wislizenus) Callaham, comb. nov., southwestern ponderosa pine, in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and southwestern Texas, and, probably, extending into Mexico. Transition zones occur between subspecies.
Reduced Hippocampal and Amygdala Volumes as Mechanisms of Stress Sensitization to Depression following Childhood Violence Exposure

OBJECTIVE Stressful life events are more likely to trigger depression among individuals exposed to childhood adversity. However, the mechanisms underlying this stress sensitization remain largely unknown. Any such mechanism must be altered by childhood adversity and interact with recent stressful life events, magnifying their association with depression. This study investigated whether reduced hippocampal and amygdala volumes are mechanisms of stress sensitization following childhood violence exposure. METHODS A sample of 149 youth (aged 8-17 years), with (N=76) and without (N=73) exposure to physical abuse, sexual abuse, or domestic violence participated. Participants completed a structural MRI scan and were assessed for symptoms of depression. Approximately two years later, stressful life events were assessed along with depression symptoms in 120 participants (57 violence-exposed). RESULTS Childhood violence exposure was associated with smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes. Stressful life events occurring during the follow-up period predicted worsening depression over time, and this association was magnified among those with smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes. Significant moderated mediation models revealed indirect effects of violence exposure on increasing depression over time through hippocampal and amygdala volumes, particularly among youths who experienced more stressful life events. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel evidence for reduced hippocampal and amygdala volumes as mechanisms of stress sensitization to depression following exposure to violence. These findings suggest that hippocampal and amygdala-mediated emotional and cognitive processes may contribute to vulnerability to stressful life events following childhood violence exposure.
Vaping nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes produces addiction-like behaviors and cardiopulmonary abnormalities in rats

The debate about electronic cigarettes has divided healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities. Central points of disagreement are whether vaping electronic cigarettes are addictive and whether they produce major pulmonary complications. We developed a novel model of nicotine vapor self-administration in rats and found that rats voluntarily exposed themselves to nicotine vapor to the point of reaching blood nicotine levels that are similar to humans, exhibiting both addiction-like behaviors and cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The smoking cessation drug varenicline decreased electronic cigarette self-administration. These findings confirm the addictive properties and harmful effects of nicotine vapor and identify a potential medication for the treatment of electronic cigarette addiction. One Sentence Summary Vaping nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes produces cardiopulmonary abnormalities, nicotine dependence and addiction-like behaviors, which are reduced by the smoking cessation drug varenicline.
Pattern similarity and connectivity of hippocampal-neocortical regions support empathy for pain

Empathy is thought to engage mental simulation, which in turn is known to rely on hippocampal-neocortical processing. Here, we tested how hippocampal-neocortical pattern similarity and connectivity contributed to pain empathy. Using this approach, we analyzed a data set of 102 human participants who underwent functional MRI while painful and non-painful electrical stimulation was delivered to themselves or to a confederate. As hypothesized, results revealed increased pattern similarity between fist-hand pain and pain empathy (compared to non-painful control conditions) within the hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, the temporo-parietal junction and anterior insula. While representations in these regions were unaffected by confederate similarity, pattern similarity in the dorsal MPFC was increased the more dissimilar the other individual was perceived. Moreover, hippocampal connectivity with regions engaged in first-hand pain was also increased during pain empathy, during which hippocampal coupling with the fusiform gyrus positively scaled with self-report measures of individual perspective taking skills. These findings highlight that shared representations and interactions within a hippocampal-neocortical network support pain empathy. This potentially reflects memory-based mental simulation processes, which seem partially modulated by personality traits and the perceived similarity of the other individual in pain.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HETEROGENEITY OF HABITATS FOR THE SPECIES RICHNESS OF VASCULAR EPIPHYTES IN REMNANTS OF BRAZILIAN MONTANE SEASONAL SEMIDECIDUOUS FOREST

Epiphytes are an important component of the diversity of tropical forests, and they also have several ecological functions. Vegetation heterogeneity is one of the features responsible for the high biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest, especially in the domain’s seasonal semideciduous forest (SSF). This biodiversity presents as high endemism and species richness. Owing to the seasonal nature of SSF, organisms that require high humidity (e.g. epiphytes) would be expected to show low species richness in these forests. The aims of this study were to conduct a survey of the vascular epiphytes in remnants of montane SSF in the Serra do Ibitipoca, Brazil, and to evaluate the importance of habitat heterogeneity for the richness and composition of species in these areas. We also evaluated whether the intrinsic characteristics of the SSF phytophysiognomy and fragmentation could result in low species richness and a high number of accidental epiphyte species. The study was conducted in the course of 18 expeditions undertaken between September 2013 and December 2016, covering five fragments of montane SSF (totalling 23.6 ha). We recorded 96 species (only one of which is an accidental epiphyte), distributed across 41 genera and 10 families. This is the highest epiphytic species richness recorded in Brazilian SSF to date. The results refuted the initial hypothesis and reinforce the importance to the epiphytic community of conservation of fragments with different structures.
Estudio de las taxocenosis malacologicas asociadas a concrecionamientos de mesophyllum lichenoides (ellis) lemoine y a una pradera de posidonia oceanica (linnaeus) delile del litoral almeriense

El objetivo primordial de la presente tesis doctoral es poner de manifiesto la riqueza y diversidad asociadas a las taxocenosis de moluscos de las concreciones calcareas del alga mesophyllum lichenoides y de una pradera de posidonia oceanica en un punto del litoral almeriense, valorandose el grado de interconexion y singularidad de cada uno de los anteriores habitats y las variaciones debidas a un gradiente geografico y batimetrico en el caso de dos concrecionamientos alopatricos. Se obtuvieron un total de 160 especies con 23.865 individuos vivos, siendo el concrecionamiento de los bajos de roquetas el mas rico. Tambien se estudiaron exhaustivamente los aspectos morfologicos y biologicos de 101 de las especies (polyplacophora y gastropoda excepto opistobranchia) respecto de la morfologia de la concha o la anatomia, los distintos tipos de ciclos de la abundancia (mayoritariamente de tipo anual), las variaciones temporales de las densidades de ocupacion de las concreciones a lo largo de los dos anos de estudio (en general, con poblaciones estables, no fluctuantes, para las especies mejor representadas), los periodos de reclutamiento de las postlarvas (normalmente, con gran amplitud temporal), la distribucion geografica de los taxa asi como la relacion de habitats en que han sido senalados previamente y la caracterizacion de las especies segun los indices de presencia y dominancia. Se obtuvieron listados de las especies constantes, dominantes y caracteristicas de cada una de las taxocenosis, siendo de destacar los taxa chiton phaseolinus, sinezona cingulata, alvania nestaresi y chauvetia submamillata por su interes e importancia. En el capitulo biogeografico, se hallaron 4 nuevas citas para las costas espanolas, 18 nuevas citas para el mar de alboran y 26 nuevas citas para el litoral almeriense. Paralelamente se pusieron de manifiesto ciclos repetitivos con caracter anual para la riqueza especifica, la abundancia total de molusc
A simple mass-action model predicts genome-wide protein timecourses from mRNA trajectories during a dynamic response in two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Although mRNA is a necessary precursor to protein, several studies have argued that the relationship between mRNA and protein levels is often weak. This claim undermines the functional relevance of conclusions based on quantitative analyses of mRNA levels, which are ubiquitous in modern biology from the single gene to the whole genome scale. Furthermore, if post-translational processes vary between strains and species, then comparative studies based on mRNA alone would miss an important driver of diversity. However, gene expression is dynamic, and most studies examining relationship between mRNA and protein levels at the genome scale have analyzed single timepoints. We measure yeast gene expression after pheromone exposure and show that, for most genes, protein timecourses can be predicted from mRNA timecourses through a simple, gene-specific, generative model. By comparing model parameters and predictions between strains, we find that while mRNA variation often leads to protein differences, evolution also manipulates protein-specific processes to amplify or buffer transcriptional regulation.
Shared Neural Representations of Cognitive Conflict and Negative Affect in the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Influential theories of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) function suggest that the dACC registers cognitive conflict as an aversive signal, but no study directly tested this idea. In this pre-registered human fMRI study, we used multivariate pattern analyses to identify which regions respond similarly to conflict and aversive signals. The results show that, of all conflict- and value-related regions, only the dACC/pre-SMA showed shared representations, directly supporting recent dACC theories.
The survey of relation between Musculoskeletal Disorders and Anthropometric Indices in the bus drivers in Isfahan

Background and aims: Background and Aims: MSDs are very common in public vehicle drivers. As regards, drivers spend long time to this occupation; these disorders will be chronic and results to MSDs. According to the past researches, one of the main reasons for accidents is MSDs and low back pain. In this research, we survey the relation between anthropometric indices and Musculoskeletal Disorders in public vehicle drivers. Methods: for this descriptive and analytic study 95 bus drivers were selected. Instruments for this project were contains: body discomfort chart (BDC), digital scale, stadiometer, anthropometric calipers and chair. Drivers questioned about age, work and their past occupations. Then measuring of weight, length, hand-arm length, popliteal length and height, knee length and height were done. Then the data were analyzed by spearman test on Spss software program. Results: The statistic tests result show that: there is a relationship between drivers MSDs and its length, weight and age. That means with increasing of drivers weight and age or shortness in length, MSDs probability will be raised. Conclusion: It seems strain and stretch that driver bears for reaching to vehicle role, age rising and its effects on the person physical condition are their MSDs reasons. Consequently, our recommendation is: on examination for selecting drivers they should be selected among long, thin and proportional (without over weight) volunteers. This measure can be an effective step toward preventing drivers MSDs, driving crashes and accidents.
Spontaneous Traveling Cortical Waves Gate Perception in Awake Behaving Primates

Perceptual sensitivity varies from moment to moment. One potential source of variability is spontaneous fluctuations in cortical activity that can travel as a wave. Spontaneous traveling waves have been reported during anesthesia, but questioned as to whether they are relevant to waking cortical function. Using newly developed analytic techniques, we find spontaneous waves of activity in extrastriate visual cortex of awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). In monkeys trained to detect faint visual targets, the timing and position of spontaneous traveling waves, prior to target onset, predict the magnitude of evoked activity and the likelihood of detection. In contrast, spatially disorganized fluctuations of neural activity are much less predictive. These results reveal an important role for spontaneous traveling waves in sensory processing through modulating neural and perceptual sensitivity. One Sentence Summary Fluctuations in cortical activity often travel as waves, shape incoming sensory information, and affect conscious perception.
Efficacy of cold plasma in the reduction of aflatoxins on hazelnuts

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma has been widely used within the areas of food safety, medicine and environmental remediation.During the last years, plasma technology was used for degradation of fungal spores, but it could also be used for the degradation of mycotoxins. Aflatoxins, produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, can be present in food products, such as nuts and dried fruits, as a result of contamination that occurred before and after harvest. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB 1) is the most common in food and it is the most genotoxic and carcinogenic. In this study, the operating parameters of cold atmospheric pressure plasma were optimized to reduce the presence of aflatoxins on hazelnuts. First, the effect of different gases was tested (N2, air, 0.1% O2 and 1% O2), then power (400, 700, 1000, > 1000 W) and exposure time (1.12, 2.48, 4, 12 minutes) were optimized. In preliminary tests on aflatoxin standard solutions, this method allowed to obtain a complete detoxification using a high power for a few minutes. On hazelnuts,in similar conditions (1000 W, 12 minutes),a reduction in the concentration of total aflatoxins and AFB1 of over 70% was obtained.Cold atmospheric pressure plasma could be a promising method for degradation of aflatoxins on food, though operating conditions must be optimized according to the matrix.
Based on Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identification of Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients from Different Regions

Accumulating statistics have shown that liver cancer causes the second highest mortality rate of cancer-related deaths worldwide, of which 80% is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the underlying molecular mechanism of HCC pathology is not fully understood yet, identification of reliable predictive biomarkers is more applicable to improve patients' outcomes. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the grouped data from 1557 samples in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) came from different populations, and the mean tumor purity of tumor tissues was 0.765 through the estimate package in R software. After integrating the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we finally got 266 genes. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established based on these DEGs, which contained 240 nodes and 1747 edges. FOXM1 was the core gene in module 1 and highly associated with FOXM1 transcription factor network pathway, while FTCD was the core gene in module 2 and was enriched in the metabolism of amino acids and derivatives. The expression levels of hub genes were in line with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Meanwhile, there were certain correlations among the top ten genes in the up- and downregulated DEGs. Finally, Kaplan–Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the top five genes in PPI. Apart from CDKN3, the others were closely concerned with overall survival. In this study, we detected the potential biomarkers and their involved biological processes, which would provide a new train of thought for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
A Complex Regulatory Landscape Involved In The Development Of External Genitals

In vertebrates, developmental genes are often controlled by large regulatory landscapes matching the dimensions of topologically associating domains (TADs). In various ontogenic contexts, the associated constitutive chromatin backbone is modified by fine-tuned specific variations in enhancer-enhancer and enhancer-promoter interaction profiles. In this work, we take one of the TADs flanking the HoxD gene cluster as a paradigm to address the question of how these complex regulatory architectures are formed and how they are de-constructed once their function has been achieved. We suggest that this TAD can be considered as a coherent functional unit in itself, with several regulatory sequences acting together to elicit a transcriptional response. With one notable exception, the deletion of each of these sequences in isolation did not produce any substantial modification in the global transcriptional outcome of the system, a result at odds with a conventional view of long-range enhancer function. Likewise, both the deletion and inversion of a supposedly critical CTCF site located in a region rich in such sequences did not affect transcription of the target gene. In the latter case, however, slight modifications were observed in interaction profiles in vivo in agreement with the loop extrusion model, despite no apparent functional consequences. We discuss these unexpected results by considering both conventional explanations and an alternative possibility whereby a rather unspecific accumulation of particular factors within the TAD backbone may have a global impact upon transcription.