Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Interface Layer Optimization and Surface Passivation with Fluorocarbon Molecules toward Efficient and Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Large-size organic halide passivation has been considered an efficient approach to enhance the perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency and stability. Herein, a facile posttreatment strategy was demonstrated, wherein trifluoromethyl-phenethylamine hydrobromide (CF3-PEABr) is firstly used to passivate the perovskite film surface. The CF3-PEABr surface posttreatment could coordinate with halide dangling bonds that exist at the perovskite crystal surface. Moreover, the surface treatment with CF3-PEABr could efficiently passivate the defects in the perovskite film and suppress the nonradiative carrier recombination. As a result, a high efficiency of 21.3% is obtained, and an increment of 80 mV in Voc (a large Voc of 1.15 V, with a 0.42 V voltage deficit) occurs, compared to the control device. To relieve the hydrophobic nature properties of the -CF3 functional group and the dewetting problem of PCBM layer deposition, a surfactant Triton X-100 is used to modify the PCBM layer. Furthermore, the devices with CF3-PEABr posttreatment exhibit better operational, thermal (85°C), and long storage stabilities without any encapsulation.
A Review of Particle Therapy for Skull Base Tumors: Modern Considerations and Future Directions

Skull base tumors constitute one of the established indications for particle therapy, specifically proton therapy. However, a number of prognostic factors, practical clinical management issues, and the emerging role of carbon ion therapy remain subjects of active clinical investigation. This review summarizes these topics, assesses the present status, and reflects on future research directions focusing on the management of chordomas, one of the most aggressive skull base tumors. In addition, the role of particle therapy for benign tumors of the skull base, including pituitary adenoma and acoustic neuroma, is reviewed.
Prevalence of Insufficient Sleep and Its Associated Factors Among Working Adults in Malaysia

Introduction Given the scarcity of data on sleep insufficiency in developing countries and its emerging importance in public health, this study aims to provide the prevalence and factors associated with insufficient sleep among working Malaysian adults. Materials and Methods A total of 11,356 working adults (≥18 years) were recruited from a cross-sectional online health and work survey. Sleep duration was self-reported and was categorised as insufficient sleep (<7 h) and sufficient sleep (≥7 h) based on the National Sleep Guidelines’ daily sleep time recommendation for adults. The 10-item Kessler scale was used to assess psychological distress levels (cutoff score ≥20). Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with insufficient sleep. Results The mean age of the participants was 35.7 years (standard deviation, SD±9.2). There were more female (n=6613; 58.2%) respondents. The mean sleep duration was 6.49 h (SD±1.10). A total of 6212 individuals (54.7%) reported getting <7 h of sleep daily. After adjusting for gender, marital status and educational attainment, older age (odds ratio, OR=2.22, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.72–2.86), ever smoking (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.25–1.53), and high psychological distress (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.17–1.53) were found to be associated with insufficient sleep. Factors associated with sleep duration of <7 h per night included having children (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.21–1.50), lifestyle factors (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.25–1.53), poor sleeping conditions (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.36), and mental health issues (OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.12–1.54). Discussion and Conclusion More than half of the participants reported sleep insufficiency. Older age, ever smoking, and high levels of psychological distress were significantly associated with insufficient sleep. Our findings recognise sleep as an emerging public health issue. Smoking cessation programmes and addressing high psychological distress may be beneficial to improve sleep.
Long-term Outcomes from Proton Therapy for Sinonasal Cancers

Purpose To report long-term disease control, survival, and toxicity after proton therapy for sinonasal cancer. Patients and Methods We reviewed 143 cases of adults with nonmetastatic sinonasal cancers treated with primary (18%; n = 26) or adjuvant (82%; n = 117) proton therapy. The most common histologies were squamous cell carcinoma (29%; n = 42), olfactory neuroblastoma (23%; n = 33), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (16%; n = 23). Patients had predominantly advanced-stage disease (T3, 24%, n = 35; T4, 66%, n = 94) and high-grade histology (52%; n = 74). Surgery included endoscopic resection alone (50%) with craniotomy (10%) or open resection (40%), and 31% had gross disease present at radiotherapy. Most (91%) received high-dose (median, 73.6 Gy radiobiological equivalent [GyRBE]; 84% >70 GyRBE) passive-scatter proton therapy using accelerated hyperfractionation (1.2 GyRBE twice daily) and concurrent chemotherapy (70%). Univariate and multivariate models assessed prognostic factors. Grade 3+ toxicities were recorded per Common Terminology Criteria, version 4. Median follow-up was 3.4 years (range, 0.1–12.5 years) overall and 4.9 years (range, 0.9–12.5 years) for living patients. Results The 5-year outcomes were as follows: local control (LC), 80%; neck control, 96%; local-regional control, 78%; freedom from distant metastases, 71%; and disease-free survival, 62%; cause-specific survival, 64%; and overall survival, 59%. Surgery improved LC, but only with gross total resection (5-year LC 87% versus subtotal resection 62.9%, and biopsy alone 55% (P < 0.001). Gross residual disease was the only significant prognostic factor for local-regional control on multivariate analysis. High-grade, T4, and local recurrence were associated with decreased overall survival. Late (G3+) toxicity occurred in 22% (32 of 143), including central nervous system necrosis and vision loss in 6% (9 of 143) and 3.5% (5 of 143), respectively. Conclusion Proton therapy after gross-total resection provides excellent long-term LC in patients with locally advanced, high-grade sinonasal cancer. Moreover, LC remains strongly associated with long-term survival. With gross disease, about 60% of patients had long-term LC with proton therapy and induction or concurrent chemotherapy.
Types and Presentation of Refractive Error among Individuals Aged 0–30 Years: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Yemen

Background Refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Its proportion varied among societies and is considered as a public health challenge. Symptoms and signs associated with refractive errors are the most worrisome and common presentations in the general practice in eye clinics. Aim The goal of this study was to determine the types and presentations of refractive error among the 0–30-year-old Yemeni population to aid early identification, diagnosis, referral, and treatment. Methodology. A cross-sectional study including 1,500 out-patients aged from 0 to 30 years attending the ophthalmology clinic in Sanaa, Yemen (between 2012 and 2015). All patients underwent visual acuity examination, autorefractometer, and anterior and posterior segment examination and were grouped according to type, that is, myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Results Hyperopia was the most common single diagnosis (53.3%) followed by myopia (33.3%). Astigmatism was uncommon as a single diagnosis (13.4%) but commonly associated with hyperopia or myopia. Myopia was more common in males (42.9%) than in females (25%). Hyperopia was more in females (62.5%) than in males (42.9%). Age groups most affected by refractive errors were 13–18 years (27.7%), 19–24 years (24.8%), and 25–30 years (24.6%), respectively. Decreased vision (53%) was a common presentation in myopia and astigmatism (41.5%) and less in hyperopia (39.6%). Headache was common in astigmatism (56%), hyperopia (28.8%), and myopia (17.8%). Muscle imbalance, namely, exotropia (27.2%), is mainly found in myopia and esotropia (24.3%) in hyperopia. Conclusions In addition to decreased vision, our patients with refractive errors mostly complain of headaches with clear variations with age and type of refractive error. Early identification and proper categorization of refractive errors by age, gender, and other demographics by general physicians in primary care can better deduce and make useful referrals to eye specialists.
Proton Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A 12-Year, Single-Institution Experience

Purpose To characterize our experience and the disease control and toxicity of proton therapy (PT) for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Patients and Methods Clinical outcomes for patients with HNC treated with PT at our institution were prospectively collected in 2 institutional review board–approved prospective studies. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and outcomes. Overall survival, local-regional control, and disease-free survival were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment-related toxicities were recorded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.03) scale. Results The cohort consisted of 573 patients treated from February 2006 to June 2018. Median patient age was 61 years. Oropharynx (33.3%; n = 191), paranasal sinus (11%; n = 63), and periorbital tissues (11%; n = 62) were the most common primary sites. Patients with T3/T4 or recurrent disease comprised 46% (n = 262) of the cohort. The intent of PT was definitive in 53% (n = 303), postoperative in 37% (n = 211), and reirradiation in 10% (n = 59). Median dose was 66 Gy (radiobiological equivalent). Regarding systemic therapy, 43% had received concurrent (n = 244), 3% induction (n = 19), and 15% (n = 86) had both. At a median follow-up of 2.4 years, 88 patients (15%) had died and 127 (22%) developed disease recurrence. The overall survival, local-regional control, and disease-free survival at 2 and 5 years were, respectively, 87% and 75%, 87% and 78%, and 74% and 63%. Maximum toxicity (acute or late) was grade 3 in 293 patients (51%), grade 2 in 234 patients (41%), and grade 1 in 31 patients (5%). There were 381 acute grade 3 and 190 late grade 3 unique toxicities across 212 (37%) and 150 (26%) patients, respectively. There were 3 late-grade 4 events across 2 patients (0.3%), 2 (0.3%) acute-grade 5, and no (0%) late-grade 5 events. Conclusions The overall results from this prospective study of our initial decade of experience with PT for HNC show favorable disease control and toxicity outcomes in a multidisease-site cohort and provide a reference benchmark for future comparison and study.
A Systematic Review of Proton Therapy for the Management of Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Purpose With improved technology, more patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) are receiving definitive treatment with proton therapy, which allows greater sparing of dose to normal tissues without compromising efficacy. As there is no randomized data, the purpose of this study was to systematically review the available literature on proton therapy in this setting, focusing on the toxicity endpoints. Materials and Methods A systematic search using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was conducted in 5 databases: PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 491 studies were found on the topic of NPC and proton therapy. Following independent study selection by 2 investigators, 9 studies were found to have sufficient focus and relevance to be incorporated into the systematic review. Results All 9 studies were retrospective and examined only NPC patients except for one that also included paranasal sinus cancer. One study was a reirradiation study. Four studies used 3D or double scatter technique, while all others used intensity-modulated proton therapy. Oncologic outcomes were similar to intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) rates, with 2-year local and regional progression-free survival (LRFS) ranging from 84% to 100%, 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) ranging from 75% to 88.9%, and 2-year overall survival (OS) ranging from 88% to 95% in the up-front setting. Four comparison studies with IMRT found significantly lower feeding tube rates (20% versus 65%, P = .015; and 14% versus 85%, P < .001) with proton therapy as well as lower mucositis (G2 46% versus 70%, P = .019; and G3 11% versus 76%, P = .0002). All other acute and late effects were largely improved with proton therapy but not statistically significant. Conclusions NPC patients receiving proton therapy maintain good outcomes with improved toxicity profile, likely due to sparing of dose to normal structures. Prospective studies are ongoing to better quantify the magnitude.
Plasma IL-8 and ICOSLG as prognostic biomarkers in glioblastoma

Abstract Background CNS immune privilege has been challenged in recent years. Glioblastoma (GBM) immune dysfunction includes complex interactions with the immune system outside the CNS. The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic and prognostic potential of immune-related proteins in plasma in GBM and interrogate biomarker presence in the brain tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods One hundred and fifty-eight patients with glioma WHO grade II–IV were included. Plasma collected at surgery was screened for 92 proteins using proximity extension assay technology and related to clinical outcome. Secretion and expression of candidate prognostic biomarkers were subsequently analyzed in 8 GBM cell lines and public RNAseq data. Results Plasma levels of 20 out of 92 screened proteins were significantly different in patients with GBM compared to patients with astrocytoma WHO grade II–III. High plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52; P = .0077) and low CD244 (HR = 0.36; P = .0004) were associated with short progression-free survival and high plasma IL-8 (HR = 1.40; P = .044) and low ICOS ligand (ICOSLG) (HR = 0.17; P = .0003) were associated with short overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed patients with GBM. A similar trend was found for ICOSLG (HR = 0.34; P = .053) in recurrent GBM. IL-8 was mostly secreted and expressed by mesenchymal GBM cell lines and expressed by vascular cells and immune cells in the TME. This was also the case for ICOSLG, although less consistent, and with additional expression in tumor-associated oligodendrocytes. Conclusions High plasma IL-8 and low ICOSLG at surgery are associated with short OS in newly diagnosed GBM. Source of plasma ICOSLG may be found outside the TME.
Short-term high fat diet alters genes associated with metabolic and vascular dysfunction during adolescence in rats: a pilot study

Background Diet-induced metabolic dysfunction precedes multiple disease states including diabetes, heart disease, and vascular dysfunction. The critical role of the vasculature in disease progression is established, yet the details of how gene expression changes in early cardiovascular disease remain an enigma. The objective of the current pilot project was to evaluate whether a quantitative assessment of gene expression within the aorta of six-week old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats compared to those exhibiting symptoms of metabolic dysfunction could reveal potential mediators of vascular dysfunction. Methods RNA was extracted from the aorta of eight rats from a larger experiment; four animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD) known to induce symptoms of metabolic dysfunction (hypertension, increased adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia) and four age-matched healthy animals fed a standard chow diet (CHOW). The bioinformatic workflow included Gene Ontology (GO) biological process enrichment and network analyses. Results The resulting network contained genes relevant to physiological processes including fat and protein metabolism, oxygen transport, hormone regulation, vascular regulation, thermoregulation, and circadian rhythm. The majority of differentially regulated genes were downregulated, including several associated with circadian clock function. In contrast, leptin and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (Hmgcs2) were notably upregulated. Leptin is involved in several major energy balance signaling pathways and Hmgcs2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of ketogenesis. Conclusion Together, these data describe changes in gene expression within the aortic wall of HFD rats with early metabolic dysfunction and highlight potential pathways and signaling intermediates that may impact the development of early vascular dysfunction.
Boron Adsorption-Desorption Characteristics of Some Major Soil Groups of India

A study was undertaken to compare B adsorption-desorption characteristics of Haplustert, Haplustalf, Calciorthent and Ustochrept. Calciorthent showed maximum B sorption capacity followed by Haplustert> Haplustalf> Ustochrept. Such differences in B sorption capacity may be attributed to differences in pH and content of CaCO3, clay, organic C and amorphous Fe oxides. Ustochrept retained B more strongly than other soils. Desorption study indicated that B desorbed almost in reversible way in Calciorthent and Haplustert. However, it showed hysteresis in Haplustalf and Ustochrept.
Experimental study of moisture content influences on permeability of coal containing gas

The relational expression between the moisture content and the permeability of coal containing gas was obtained through measuring the gas seepage flux under the combination of moisture,confining pressure and gas pressure by using a self-developed triaxial gas seepage testing system. Based on the experimental data of coal containing gas, some novel interaction results of seepage property influenced by moisture are obtained as follows:① For coal samples of different moisture content,the permeability of coal containing gas decreases with increasing of confining pressure under the fixed gas pressure condition;and the decreasing rule obeys an exponential law. ② With the increasing in gas pressure,the permeability of coal samples decreases first and then increases,presenting a "V" style change trend and obvious Klinkenberg effect. ③ The influence of gas pressure on the permeability of coal containing gas is greater than the effect of confining pressure. ④ Moisture content has a significant effect on the permeability of coal containing gas under the constant temperature condition;and the permeability of coal containing gas slowly decreases with the increase in moisture content,following a negative exponential function law.
Role of Microstructure on Fatigue Durability of Aluminum Aircraft Alloys

Abstract : Although the role of microstructure on the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks, and thus the fatigue performance of a structural metal, has long been recognized, quantitative models of the linkage(s) between microstructural characteristics and structural fatigue performance have not been widely available. The absence of such models, coupled with the compositional basis of material specifications, has limited the ability to exploit improvements in material performance which have been generated by microstructural consequences of manufacturing process improvements. The potential performance benefits of quality-improved materials have thus remained inaccessible to airframers, who lack the means of specifying such materials or characterizing their merits without committing massive testing resources. Opportunities for reducing airframe weight and/or cost have thus been lost. A program of experimental and analytical tasks has been conducted to develop a path for defining the linkage(s) between microstructural characteristics and fatigue performance in an aluminum alloy typically used for airframe structural applications. Within the framework of this overall objective, life-limiting microstructural features have been classified and ranked by severity, and models to quantitatively describe the evolution and growth of macrostructural cracks from those features have been developed. The use of these models to probabilistically describe the structural implications of different levels of microstructural quality has been demonstrated, thereby allowing the efforts of material pedigree to the predictively linked with the structural integrity of end components. The focus of this work was on several process variants of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 thick plate.
Effect of viscous dissipation on falkner-skin boundary layer flow past a Wedge through a porous medium with slips boundary condition

The steady, two dimensional, Flakner-Skan boundary layer flow over a stationary Wedge with momentum and thermal slip boundary conditions and the temperature dependent thermal conductivity in the presence of porous medium and viscous dissipation. Using the similarity transformations, the governing equations have been transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. These differential equations are highly nonlinear which cannot be solved analytically. Therefore, bvp4c MATLAB solver has been used for solving it. Numerical results are obtained for the skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number as well as the velocity and temperature profiles for different values of the governing parameters, namely, Falkner-Skin parameter, thermal conductivity parameter, velocity slip parameter, thermal slip parameter and Eckert number.
Can Tests Based on Option Hedging Errors Correctly Identify Volatility Risk Premia

Tests for the existence and the sign of the volatility risk premium are often based on ex pected option hedging errors. When the hedge is performed under the ideal conditions of continuous trading and correct model specification, the sign of the premium is the same as the sign of the mean hedging error for a large class of models. We show that discrete trading and model misspecification may cause the standard test to yield unreliable results. In particular, ignoring jump risk premia can lead to incorrect conclusions. We also show that delta-gamma hedges do not increase the reliability of the test.
ON THE CHOW THEORY OF PROJECTIVIZATIONS

Abstract In this paper, we prove a decomposition result for the Chow groups of projectivizations of coherent sheaves of homological dimension $\le 1$ . In this process, we establish the decomposition of Chow groups for the cases of the Cayley trick and standard flips. Moreover, we apply these results to study the Chow groups of symmetric powers of curves, nested Hilbert schemes of surfaces, and the varieties resolving Voisin maps for cubic fourfolds.
Epigenetic Effects of Blackberry Extract on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Abstract Fruit-derived polyphenolic compounds have been shown to exert anticancer effects via epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effect of blackberry extract on the expression of DNMTs (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b) and HDACs (HDAC1-4 and SIRT1) and its influence on the cellular differentiation and promoter DNA methylation of tumor-related genes using a panel of six human CRC cell lines. Treatment with IC20 and IC50 concentrations of blackberry extract for 72 h significantly reduced Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b transcript levels in HCT116, SW480, HT29/219, SW742, and LS180 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Blackberry also induced promoter DNA demethylation of SFRP2 and p16 genes in four tested CRC cell lines. Berry treatment, however, upregulated Dnmt3a genes in SW480, SW742, and HT29/219 cell lines. A dose-dependent and cell-type-specific reduction of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC4 expressions were observed in CRC-treated cells. Treatment with berry extract induced the expression of SIRT1 gene in HCT116 and HT29/219 cells and increased the expression of two colonic epithelial cell differentiation markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alkaline phosphatase in LS180 cells in a time-dependent manner. This study is the first to report the epigenetic effects of blackberry in cancer cells.