Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monumentality as traditional ecological knowledge in the northern Maya lowlands

Abstract The emergence of monumentality in the Maya lowlands has been linked to political complexity. But how did the emergence of these monuments relate to changing human-environment interactions? Here, the author proposes that Maya monumentality embodies traditional ecological knowledge, or TEK. Taking the example of Tzacauil, the gathering of fieldstone for the preparation of land for cultivation is connected to agricultural intensification and the florescence of monumentality in the Late and Terminal Formative period (300 BC–AD 250). Exploration of the relationships between monumental traditions and localised TEK practices may illuminate the entanglement of complexity, subsistence and human-environment interactions in other parts of the world.
Practicing Digital Gastroenterology through Phonoenterography Leveraging Artificial Intelligence: Future Perspectives Using Microwave Systems

Production of bowel sounds, established in the 1900s, has limited application in existing patient-care regimes and diagnostic modalities. We review the physiology of bowel sound production, the developments in recording technologies and the clinical application in various scenarios, to understand the potential of a bowel sound recording and analysis device—the phonoenterogram in future gastroenterological practice. Bowel sound production depends on but is not entirely limited to the type of food consumed, amount of air ingested and the type of intestinal contractions. Recording technologies for extraction and analysis of these include the wavelet-based filtering, autoregressive moving average model, multivariate empirical mode decompression, radial basis function network, two-dimensional positional mapping, neural network model and acoustic biosensor technique. Prior studies evaluate the application of bowel sounds in conditions such as intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, large bowel disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and bowel polyps, ascites, post-operative ileus, sepsis, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and neonatal conditions such as hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Recording and analysis of bowel sounds using artificial intelligence is crucial for creating an accessible, inexpensive and safe device with a broad range of clinical applications. Microwave-based digital phonoenterography has huge potential for impacting GI practice and patient care.
Motivators and Influencers of Adolescent Girls’ Decision Making Regarding Contraceptive Use in Four Districts of Zambia

Low contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa, and Zambia specifically, negates the potential benefits of contraception in preventing unwanted and early pregnancies. This study aimed to explore and understand the motivators and influencers of adolescent girls’ contraceptive decision making. Using thematic analysis, we analysed qualitative data from seven focus group discussions and three key informant interviews with adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years in four Zambian districts. The data were managed and organised using NVivo version 12 pro (QSR International). Fear of pregnancy, fear of diseases, fear of having more children, and spacing of children (especially among married adolescents) were key motivators for adolescents’ contraceptive use. Friends and peers motivated them to use contraceptives while fear of side effects and fear of infertility drove non-use. Peer pressure and fear of mocking by their friends were important deterrents to contraceptive use. Parents, peers and friends, family members, partners, churches, and religious groups influenced adolescent girls’ contraceptive decisions. Mixed messages from these influencers, with some in favour and others against contraceptives, make adolescents’ decisions to use contraceptives complex. Therefore, interventions targeting increased contraceptive use should be all-inclusive, incorporating multiple influencers, including at institutional and policy levels, to empower adolescents and give them autonomy to make contraceptive decisions.
Factors Associated with Fertility Intention among Chinese Married Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Using the childbearing survey data from Hubei Province in March 2022, this article empirically analyzed the status quo of fertility intention and its influencing factors among Chinese married youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. In our analysis, fertility intention was operationalized as the ideal number of children and short-term fertility plan. Statistical results showed that the average ideal number of children stood at 1.652, which was lower than the population replacement level, whilst only 16.4% of married youth had a short-term fertility plan. By utilizing a binary logit regression model and the sheaf coefficient technique, we found that COVID-19-induced factors (i.e., change in the marital relationship during the epidemic, delayed pregnancy preparation due to vaccination) had a more stable effect on fertility intention, especially on short-term fertility planning. Parenting perception characteristics exerted a great impact on the ideal number of children but a relatively small impact on short-term fertility planning. Meanwhile, married youth with stable jobs and a high family income did not necessarily show stronger fertility intentions than those with fewer socioeconomic resources. In addition, the findings also reveal that the relative importance of fertility-influencing factors could vary at different fertile stages, which have valuable implications for population policy in Chinese contexts.
THE WIENER–HOPF TECHNIQUE AND DISCRETELY MONITORED PATH‐DEPENDENT OPTION PRICING

Fusai, Abrahams, and Sgarra (2006) employed the Wiener–Hopf technique to obtain an exact analytic expression for discretely monitored barrier option prices as the solution to the Black–Scholes partial differential equation. The present work reformulates this in the language of random walks and extends it to price a variety of other discretely monitored path‐dependent options. Analytic arguments familiar in the applied mathematics literature are used to obtain fluctuation identities. This includes casting the famous identities of Baxter and Spitzer in a form convenient to price barrier, first‐touch, and hindsight options. Analyzing random walks killed by two absorbing barriers with a modified Wiener–Hopf technique yields a novel formula for double‐barrier option prices. Continuum limits and continuity correction approximations are considered. Numerically, efficient results are obtained by implementing Padé approximation. A Gaussian Black–Scholes framework is used as a simple model to exemplify the techniques, but the analysis applies to Lévy processes generally.
Role of D-Dimer in assessing severity, monitoring, and predicating outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia: A single center study

Robust data are available regarding role of D-dimer in analyzing coagulation status in pulmonary embolisms and deep vein thrombosis. As thrombogenic nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been evolved in this pandemic, we have studied its role in predicting disease severity, correlation with durations of illness and oxygenation status, and ventilatory support requirement with prediction of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in these cases. Prospective, observational follow-up study, included 2000 COVID-19 cases confirmed with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. All cases were assessed with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax, oxygen saturation, inflammatory marker as D-Dimer at entry point and follow-up. Age, gender, comorbidity, and use of bilevel-positive airway pressure (BIPAP)/non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and outcome as with or without lung fibrosis were key observations. In selected cases, lower limb venous Doppler and computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography to rule out deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism. Statistical analysis is done using Chi-square test. CT severity score at entry point with D-Dimer titer has significant correlation (P < 0.00001). Age (<50 and >50 years) and gender (male vs. female) have significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001) and (P < 0.010), respectively. D-Dimer titer has significant association with duration of illness before hospitalization (P < 0.00001). Comorbidities have significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001). D-Dimer titer has significant association with oxygen saturation (P < 0.00001). BIPAP/NIV requirement has significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001). Timing of BIPAP/NIV requirement during hospitalization has significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001). Follow-up D-Dimer titer during hospitalization, as compared normal and abnormal to entry point level has significant association with post-COVID lung fibrosis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism (P < 0.00001). D-Dimer has documented very crucial role in COVID-19 pneumonia in predicting severity of illness, ventilatory support requirement and course in critical care setting. D-Dimer follow-up titer has documented role in predicting lung fibrosis and deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. D-Dimer serial titers have documented significant role in step-up or step-down interventions in critical care setting.
Comparative metagenomic analysis reveals rhizosphere microbial community composition and functions help protect grapevines against salt stress

Introduction Soil salinization is a serious abiotic stress for grapevines. The rhizosphere microbiota of plants can help counter the negative effects caused by salt stress, but the distinction between rhizosphere microbes of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties remains unclear. Methods This study employed metagenomic sequencing to explore the rhizosphere microbial community of grapevine rootstocks 101-14 (salt tolerant) and 5BB (salt sensitive) with or without salt stress. Results and Discussion Compared to the control (treated with ddH2O), salt stress induced greater changes in the rhizosphere microbiota of 101-14 than in that of 5BB. The relative abundances of more plant growth-promoting bacteria, including Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes, were increased in 101-14 under salt stress, whereas only the relative abundances of four phyla (Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Cyanobacteria) were increased in 5BB under salt stress while those of three phyla (Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes) were depleted. The differentially enriched functions (KEGG level 2) in 101-14 were mainly associated with pathways related to cell motility; folding, sorting, and degradation functions; glycan biosynthesis and metabolism; xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism; and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, whereas only the translation function was differentially enriched in 5BB. Under salt stress, the rhizosphere microbiota functions of 101-14 and 5BB differed greatly, especially pathways related to metabolism. Further analysis revealed that pathways associated with sulfur and glutathione metabolism as well as bacterial chemotaxis were uniquely enriched in 101-14 under salt stress and therefore might play vital roles in the mitigation of salt stress on grapevines. In addition, the abundance of various sulfur cycle-related genes, including genes involved in assimilatory sulfate reduction (cysNC, cysQ, sat, and sir), sulfur reduction (fsr), SOX systems (soxB), sulfur oxidation (sqr), organic sulfur transformation (tpa, mdh, gdh, and betC), increased significantly in 101-14 after treatment with NaCl; these genes might mitigate the harmful effects of salt on grapevine. In short, the study findings indicate that both the composition and functions of the rhizosphere microbial community contribute to the enhanced tolerance of some grapevines to salt stress.
Higher Intake of Vegetable Protein and Lower Intake of Animal Fats Reduce the Incidence of Diabetes in Non-Drinking Males: A Prospective Epidemiological Analysis of the Shika Study

Although nutrient intake and alcohol consumption are both closely associated with the incidence of diabetes, their interrelationships remain unclear. Therefore, we herein have investigated the interrelationships among nutrient intake, alcohol consumption, and the incidence of diabetes using longitudinal data. This study included 969 residents ≥40 years living in Japan. In 2011 and 2012, a baseline study was conducted using questionnaires on basic demographics, diabetes, nutrient intake, and lifestyle habits. In 2018 and 2019, a follow-up study was performed using questionnaires and medical records on diabetes. Two-way analysis of covariance (two-way ANCOVA) was used to test the interactions of drinking habits and diabetes incidence on nutrients intake. The prospective relationship between nutrient intake at baseline and the incidence of diabetes in the follow-up stratified by drinkers and non-drinkers was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Interactions were observed for vegetable protein intake (p = 0.023) and animal fat intake (p = 0.016) in males. Vegetable protein intake negatively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in non-drinkers (odds ratio (OR): 0.208; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.046–0.935; p = 0.041). Furthermore, animal fat intake positively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in non-drinkers (OR: 1.625; 95% CI: 1.020–2.589; p = 0.041). Therefore, vegetable protein and animal fat intakes in combination with drinking habits need to be considered for the prevention of diabetes.
The Parkes High-Latitude pulsar survey

The Parkes High-Latitude pulsar survey covers a region of the sky enclosed by Galactic longitudes 220° < l < 260° and Galactic latitudes |b| < 60°. The observations have been performed using the 20-cm multibeam receiver on the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. A total of 6456 point-ings of 265 s each have been collected. The system adopted provided a sensitivity limit, for long-period pulsars with 5 per cent duty cycles, of ∼0.5 mJy. Data analysis resulted in the detection of 42 pulsars of which 18 were new discoveries. Four of these belong to the class of the millisecond - or recycled - pulsars; three of these four are in binary systems. The double pulsar system J0737-3039 is among those and has been presented elsewhere. Here, we discuss the other discoveries and provide timing parameters for the objects for which we have a phase-connected solution.
Sobre as Artimanhas da Razão Imperialista

Assim, do mes momodo que, no se cu lo XIX, um cer to nu me ro de ques toes di tas fi lo -so fi cas de ba ti das como uni ver sa is, em toda a Eu ro pa e para alemdela, ti nham sua ori gem, se gun do foi mu i to bem de mons tra do por Fritz Rin ger, nas par ti cu la ri da des (e nos con fli tos) his to ri cas pro -pri as do uni ver so sin gu lar dos pro fes so res uni ver si ta ri os ale maes(Rin ger, 1969), as sim tam bem, hoje em dia, nu me ro sos to pi cosori un dos di re ta men te de con fron tos in te lec tu a is as so ci a dos a par -ti cu la ri da de so ci al da so ci e da de e das uni ver si da des ame ri ca nasim pu se ram-se, sob for mas apa ren te men te de sis to ri ci za das, ao pla -ne ta in te i ro. Esses
Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity During Anti-seizure Medications Use.

Abstract Epilepsy is a multifactorial pathology that has allowed the development of various drugs aiming to combat it. This effort was formally initiated in the 1940s when phenytoin began to be used. It eventually turned out to be a drug with great anticonvulsant efficacy. At present, several potentially good new generation anti-seizure medications (ASMs) have been developed. Most of them present more tolerability and less toxic effects. However, they continue to have adverse effects at different levels. In addition, some seizures are difficult to treat with ASMs, representing 30% of the total cases of people who suffer from epilepsy. This review aims to explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms of ASMs neurotoxicity, proposing the study of damage caused by epileptic seizures, in addition to the deterioration generated by anti-seizure drug administration within the central nervous system. It is beyond question that there is a need to develop drugs that lower the lower the risk of secondary and toxic effects of ASMs. Simultaneously, we must find strategies that produce fewer harmful interactions and more health benefits when taking anti-seizure drugs.
The Vitamin D Receptor as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases Such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases: A Narrative Review

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. The VDR is expressed in diverse brain regions and has been implicated in the neuroprotective, antiaging, prosurvival, and anti-inflammatory action of vitamin D. Accordingly, a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases has been suggested. However, due to the multitargeted mechanisms of vitamin D and its often overlapping genomic and nongenomic effects, the role of the VDR in brain pathologies remains obscure. In this narrative review, we present progress in deciphering the molecular mechanism of nuclear VDR-mediated vitamin D effects on prosurvival and anti-inflammatory signaling pathway activity within the central nervous system. In line with the concept of the neurovascular unit in pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, a discussion of the role of the VDR in regulating the immune and vascular brain systems is also included. Next, we discuss the results of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the significance of vitamin D status and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, emphasizing the possible role of the VDR in these phenomena. Finally, the associations of some VDR polymorphisms with higher risks and severity of these neurodegenerative disorders are briefly summarized.
From entrepreneurship education to entrepreneurial intention: Mindset, motivation, and prior exposure

We studied the relationships between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention among college students, with a focus on the mediating role of an entrepreneurial mindset as well as the moderating roles of learning motivation and prior entrepreneurial exposure. More than 90,000 students from 100 colleges or universities participated in the investigation, the data were subjected to structural equation modeling with Mplus. The results indicated that entrepreneurship education (curriculum attendance and extracurricular activity) significantly enhanced the entrepreneurial mindset of students, which, in turn, strengthened their entrepreneurial intention. In terms of learning, intrinsic motivation positively moderated the relationships between curriculum attendance and entrepreneurial intention/mindset, whereas extrinsic motivation moderated it negatively. Entrepreneurial exposure positively moderated the correlation between extracurricular activity and academic performance. Implications concerning the adjustment of entrepreneurship education to the entrepreneurial climate are discussed.
The Einsteinian gravitational field of the rigidly rotating disk of dust

This paper presents the gravitational field of a uniformly rotating stationary and axisymmetric disk consisting of dust particles as a rigorous global solution to the Einstein equations. The problem is formulated as a boundary value problem of the Ernst equation and solved by means of inverse methods. The solution is given in terms of linear integral equations and depends on two parameters: the angular velocity Ω and the relative redshift z from the center of the disk. The Newtonian limit z<<1 represents the MacLaurin solution of a rotating fluid in the disk limit. For z→∞ the exterior solution is given by the extreme Kerr solution. This proves a conjecture of Bardeen & Wagoner (1969, 1971)
High Prevalence of Alternative Diagnoses in Children and Adolescents with Suspected Long COVID—A Single Center Cohort Study

Background: Long COVID (LC) is a diagnosis that requires exclusion of alternative somatic and mental diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of differential diagnoses in suspected pediatric LC patients and assess whether adult LC symptom clusters are applicable to pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: Pediatric presentations at the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital Essen (Germany) were assessed retrospectively. The correlation of initial symptoms and final diagnoses (LC versus other diseases or unclarified) was assessed. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of adult LC symptom clusters were calculated. Results: Of 110 patients, 32 (29%) suffered from LC, 52 (47%) were diagnosed with alternative somatic/mental diseases, and 26 (23%) remained unclarified. Combined neurological and respiratory clusters displayed a sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.91–1.00) and a negative predictive value of 0.97 (0.92–1.00) for LC. Discussion/Conclusions: The prevalence of alternative somatic and mental diseases in pediatric patients with suspected LC is high. The range of underlying diseases is wide, including chronic and potentially life-threatening conditions. Neurological and respiratory symptom clusters may help to identify patients that are unlikely to be suffering from LC.
Impact of Social Media on Young Generation’s Green Consumption Behavior through Subjective Norms and Perceived Green Value

In response to the dramatic increase in social media usage among the young generation, the patterns of manufacturing and consumption have changed. Social media has altered the green consumption market and completely changed consumer psychology and attitude. The influence of social media on the younger generation’s behavior regarding green consumption through subjective norms and perceived green value is hardly discussed in the earlier literature with special reference to China. This study has the objective to explore the impact of social media on the green purchase intentions of young people in the presence of subjective norms and perceived green value. A survey of 303 young people in China is conducted and multiple statistical techniques are applied to determine the reliability and validity of the data such as the Fisher F test, White’s test, the Durbin–Watson test, the Shapiro–Wilks test, and confirmatory factor analysis. The mediating impact of the variables are explored through the bootstrap method and multiple regression is applied for finding the relationship among dependent and independent variables. The findings of this study reveal that information shared on social media has a positive relationship with green consumption among the younger generation in China. In addition, perceptions about green environment and “subjective norms” have a strong mediating impact on increasing the intentions of consumers for purchasing of green products. Moreover, the occupation of consumers also has a mediating role in moderating the subjective norms regarding green consumption. The findings of the study have theoretical contributions as well as practical implications. It is found that social media has a stimulus role for green consumption among the younger generation to devise their subjective norms and perceptions. The practical implications of the present findings are helpful for policy makers to understand how social media is effective in combatting environmental deterioration in the context of China’s recent economic expansion. The future research may be extended through a splitting sample considering the location of respondents and in terms of responses’ quartiles.