Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How is development of cortical maps in V1 coordinated across cortical layers to form cortical columns? Previous neural models

cortical layers to form cortical columns? Previous neural models propose how maps of orientation (OR), ocular dominance (OD), and related properties develop in V1. These models show how spontaneous activity, before eye opening, combined with correlation learning and competition, can generate maps similar to those found in vivo. These models have not discussed laminar architecture or how cells develop and coordinate their connections across cortical layers. This is an important problem since anatomical evidence shows that clusters of horizontal connections form, between iso-oriented regions, in layer 2/3 before being innervated by layer 4 afferents. How are orientations in different layers aligned before these connections form? Anatomical evidence demonstrates that thalamic afferents wait in the subplate for weeks before innervating layer 4. Other evidence shows that ablation of the cortical subplate interferes with the development of OR and OD columns. The model proposes how the subplate develops OR and OD maps, which then entrain and coordinate the development of maps in other lamina. The model demonstrates how these maps may develop in layer 4 by using a known transient subplate-to-layer 4 circuit as a teacher. The model subplate also guides the early clustering of horizontal connections in layer 2/3, and the formation of the interlaminar circuitry that forms cortical columns. It is shown how layer 6 develops and helps to stabilize the network when the subplate atrophies. Finally the model clarifies how brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) manipulations may influence cortical development.
Journal of Virology & Antiviral Research Histological Characterization of Invasive Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Malawian Women Presenting at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH): A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Cervical cancer is part of the huge burden of diseases in developing countries and is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. In Malawi, cervical cancer ranks as the first most frequent cancer in women between 15 and 64 years of age. We aimed at providing data about the distribution of different histological types of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in patients presenting at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Malawi. Methods: A total of 212 patient samples collected from 1st January, 2014 through 31st December, 2014 were included in the study. Tissue Hematoxylin and Eosin staining technique for microscopic histopathological classification of cervical lesions was used. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS ® version 20.0 for windows. The chi-square and Multinomial logistic regression test with a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance of the results. Results: Out of 212 cases having precancerous lesions and cervical cancer that were included in the study, cervical lesions comprised 17% (35/212) pre-cancerous lesions, 65% (137/212) cancerous and 18% (39/212) had both pre-cancerous and cervical cancer, making a total of 176 (83%) cancer lesions. The most common cervical lesion was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with 72 % (151/212) cases. Conclusion: Invasive SCC was found to be the commonest type of cervical cancer and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) the commonest pre-cancerous lesion among women of all ages, with a peak at 35 to 49 (44%) year age category
GENETIC VARIATION IN b -ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR ASTHMA AND THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE

: Our early work focused on quantitative variation in traits related to b -adrenergic signaling: lymphocyte levels of cAMP and the binding properties of the b -adrenergic receptor. We confirmed the work of others that the major histocompatibility locus had an effect on cAMP levels in mice and in man. The latter result was presumably due to the influence of b -adrenergic receptors, since it was the isoproterenol-stimulated lymphocyte cAMP level that was studied. We went on to directly study b -adrenergic receptor levels in mouse hepatic plasma membranes using dihydroalprenolol binding. We discovered a strain variation, apparently controlled by a single locus, which determined a magnesium influence on measurable levels of dihydroalprenolol binding. More recently, our group’s work has focused on the human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human b 2-adrenergic receptor. We found that variation at amino acid position 16 had a very marked effect on the response of subjects to albuterol. Similar trends were observed for asthmatic and nonasthmatic children, and the results were independent of baseline lung function. Our results, and those of other groups relating SNPs in the b -adrenergic receptor to a number of responses, mostly related to asthma, are reviewed in this article.
University of Birmingham On the largest component of a hyperbolic model of complex networks

We consider a model for complex networks that was introduced by Krioukov et al. In this model, N points are chosen randomly inside a disk on the hyperbolic plane and any two of them are joined by an edge if they are within a certain hyperbolic distance. The N points are distributed according to a quasi-uniform distribution, which is a distorted version of the uniform distribution. The model turns out to behave similarly to the well-known Chung-Lu model, but without the independence between the edges. Namely, it exhibits a power-law degree sequence and small distances but, unlike the Chung-Lu model and many other well-known models for complex networks, it also exhibits clustering. The model is controlled by two parameters α and ν where, roughly speaking, α controls the exponent of the power-law and ν controls the average degree. The present paper focuses on the evolution of the component structure of the random graph. We show that (a) for α > 1 and ν arbitrary, with high probability, as the number of vertices grows, the largest component of the random graph has sublinear order; (b) for α < 1 and ν arbitrary with high probability there is a “giant” component of linear order, and (c) when α = 1 then there is a non-trivial phase transition for the existence of a linear-sized component in terms of ν .
Matu, J and Deighton, K and Ispoglou, T and Shannon, OM and Duckworth, L (2017) A high fat breakfast attenuates the suppression of appetite and acylated ghrelin during exer-

Title : A high fat breakfast attenuates the suppression of appetite and acylated ghrelin during exercise at simulated altitude. Abstract 16 High-altitude exposure induces a negative energy balance by increasing resting energy expenditure and decreasing 17 energy intake. This diminished energy intake is likely caused by altitude-induced anorexia and can have 18 detrimental effects for those travelling to high-altitude. We aimed to investigate whether altering the 19 macronutrient composition of breakfast could attenuate altitude-induced anorexia and augment energy intake at 20 high-altitude. Twelve healthy men (aged 26 (8) years, body mass index 23.9 (2.7) kg·m -2 ) completed two, 305 21 minute experimental trials at 4300m simulated altitude (~11.7% O 2 ). After an overnight fast, participants entered 22 a normobaric hypoxic chamber and rested for one hour, before receiving either a high fat (HF; 60% fat, 25% 23 carbohydrate) or an isocaloric high carbohydrate (HC; 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat) breakfast. One hour after 24 breakfast, participants performed 60 minutes of treadmill walking at 50% of relative V̇O 2max . An ad-libitum buffet 25 meal was consumed 1h 30 minutes after exercise. Appetite perceptions, blood samples and substrate oxidation 26 rates were measured throughout. A significantly higher area under the curve for composite appetite score was 27 observed during exercise in HF (40 (12) mm·h -1 ) compared with HC (30 (17) mm·h -1 , P=0.036). During exercise, 28 lower insulin concentrations (P=0.013) and elevated acylated ghrelin concentrations (P=0.048) were observed in 29 HF compared with HC. After exercise there was no significant difference in composite appetite score (P=0.356), 30 acylated ghrelin (P=0.229) or insulin (P=0.513) between conditions. Energy intake at the buffet did not 31 significantly differ between conditions (P=0.384). A HF breakfast attenuated appetite suppression during exercise 32 at 4300m simulated altitude, however ad-libitum energy intake did not increase.
Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso

Lim, Jacqueline K; Seydou, Yaro; Carabali, Mabel; Barro, Ahmed; Dahourou, Desire Lucien; Lee, Kang Sung; Nikiema, Teguewende; Namkung, Suk; Lee, Jung-Seok; Shin, Mee Young; +9 more. Bonnet, Emmanuel; Kagone, Therese; Kaba, Losseni; Edwards, Tansy; Somé, Paul-André; Yang, Jae Seung; Alexander, Neal; Yoon, In-Kyu; Ridde, Valéry; (2019) Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics associated with dengue during and outside the 2016 outbreak identified in health facility-based surveillance in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 13 (12). e0007882-. ISSN 1935-2727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd. 0007882 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm. ac.uk/id/eprint/4655441/
Preliminary Results on the Development of the Perception of Spanish /e/ and /ei/ by Heritage Learners vs. L2 Learners of Spanish in the Classroom

This exploratory study gives a first glance at the development of the perception of the Spanish /e/-/ei/ contrast by heritage learners in comparison to that of L2 learners in the classroom. To this end, two types of semester-long, explicit phonetic instruction training are compared: High Phonetic Variability Training (HPVT) with exposure to multiple sources of speech, and regular standalone phonetics courses with low variability of speech input (LPVT). Data from two identical pre-test and post-test ABX perceptual discrimination tasks were obtained from 27 students, as well as 7 control speakers whose primary language is Spanish. Results show that heritage learners perceive the contrast better than L2 learners, and that HPVT significantly improves the perception of the /e/-/ei/ contrast. Although heritage learners perform close to a native ceiling and do not significantly differ from native controls, the improvement from pre-test to post-test is larger in heritage learners enrolled in HPVT than LPVT training. These results suggest that, although the discrimination accuracy of Spanish /e/ and /ei/ is already high for heritage learners at the pre-test stage, High Phonetic Variability Training can be beneficial in the perceptual development of their heritage language, even matching their accuracy to that of native speakers.
NRR_A_247464 1..7

Stella Kientz Amy Hester 2 1Regional Accreditation, Regulatory & Licensing, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2Center for Nursing Excellence, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA Introduction: Falls are among the most serious adverse events in healthcare. Patients presenting to the emergency department may be at risk for falls due to various conditions. The ability for clinicians to quickly and accurately determine fall risk is vital to the implementation of appropriate fall prevention efforts. Methods: A secondary data analysis was used to construct the initial emergency Hester Davis Scale (eHDS) fall risk screening model. The model was first retrospectively developed and then prospectively validated concurrently in an urban academic medical center in the south-central United States and in a large, urban emergency department (ED) on the west coast of the United States. The retrospective sample included 152 fallers. The prospective sample included 13 fallers and a random sample of 216 non-fallers. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve procedures. Results: Retrospective analysis of data including 152 ED fallers experiencing anticipated physiologic events revealed three salient screening variables including mobility, medications, and behavior. Prospective data included a random sample of 216 non-fallers and 13 fallers from the two participating hospitals from 110,445 combined ED visits. The derived tool correctly identified risk in all 13 anticipated physiologic falls. The use and interpretation of the ROC curve analysis contributed to further evaluation. Discussion: The eHDS can accurately identify adults at risk for falling in the ED and can be the first step in preventing falls and subsequent fall-related costs.
A new approach on collaboration and structure JONATHAN GUNNARSSON

This master thesis was conducted at a large Swedish manufacturer, where the perception on and challenges regarding digital transformation were studied. Digital technology is a gateway to numerous possibilities, simplifying production, altering products and creating new value offers. This study is focused on commercial digitalization, such as digital services and solutions that challenge or strengthens existing business models. A manufacturing firm, accommodated with the development of physical products is not adapted for the speed, flexibility and cross-functional collaboration which digital development requires. Though, the digital business area for a manufacturing firm is somewhat unresolved, with limited knowledge and guidelines as well as uncertain profitability. Reallocating resources from existing business towards digital development can thus be risky. Evidently, development of digital initiatives within a manufacturing firm requires high pace, support, structures and clarified roadmaps. Synergies from cross-market collaboration are important, but it can also increase complexity and tardiness in a large organization. Based on findings from this study, a manufacturer should alter its organizational structure to benefit their digital transformation. Speed should be prioritized over collaboration and traditional development should increasingly focus on business and consumer contact rather than technology. A common back end function should be increasingly utilized, developing digital technology for the whole organization, to ensure unanimity and simplifying development of similar initiatives. Digital initiatives tightly connected to products or existing business models should be developed within the corresponding functions. Support and inspiration towards digital development should derive from a holistic function that can aid and guide the whole organization. This function should also be responsible for digital initiatives that differentiate from traditional business. Increasing experience and proactively develop digital solutions will be important to stay ahead of competition and fulfill customer demands. Keywords: Digitalization, digital manufacturer, digital servitization, digital transformation, organizing digital, structure for digital Master of Science Thesis INDEK 2018:06 Organized to digitize: A new perspective on collaboration and structure
Variations in Pharmacology of (cid:1) -Blockers May Contribute to Heterogeneous Results in Trials of Perioperative (cid:1) -Blockade

Background: Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses provide conflicting guidance on the role of (cid:1) -adrenergic receptor blockers ( (cid:1) -blockers) in reducing perioperative complications. We hypothesize that variability in trial results may be due in part to heterogeneous properties of (cid:1) -blockers. First, we propose that the extent of (cid:1) -blocker metabolism by cytochrome P-450 and the time available to titrate the dosage before surgery (titration time) may interact; dependence on P-450 may be most harmful when titration time is short. Second, (cid:1) -blockers vary in their selectivity for the (cid:1) -1 receptor and reduced selectivity may contribute to cerebral ischemia. Methods: We used meta-analysis and meta-regression of existing trials to explore the role of these pharmacological properties. Results: We found that both of these pharmacological factors are significantly associated with reduced efficacy of (cid:1) -blockers. Conclusions: Pharmacological properties of (cid:1) -blockers may contribute to heterogeneous trial results. Many trials have used metoprolol, which is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 and is less selective for the (cid:1) -1 receptor. For these two reasons, the efficacy of metoprolol to prevent perioperative cardiac complications should be compared
Stages of change of behavior in women on a multi-professional program for treatment of obesity

ABSTRACT Objective: to ascertain the effectiveness of an intervention program in relation to anthropometric measurements and stage of readiness for behavioral change in women with excess weight. Methods: the intervention group (IG) was made up of 13 women, and the control group (CG), by 20. The intervention lasted 16 weeks, and included the practice of guided physical activity three times a week, and health education once a week. The application of the questionnaire on stage of readiness for behavioral change, and the anthropometric evaluations, were undertaken at two points - before and after the period of intervention. The statistical analysis involved tests of comparison and association. Results: in general, at the first point, the participants in the two groups were predisposed to make changes in what they ate and in their physical activity. However, significant difference was only observed in relation to weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio and readiness for change among the members of the intervention group. Conclusion: the intervention programmed was effective in weight loss, reduction of waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, and in changing behaviors related to the practicing of physical exercise and eating habits.
2004 Effects of introducing an integrated care pathway in an acute stroke

jk@1to1.org Abstract Background and purpose: integrated care pathways are often implemented to guide acute stroke therapy and improve organisation of care, but there is not sufficient evidence to support their routine use. We sought to evaluate the effects of introducing an integrated care pathway for acute stroke. Methods: we performed a before-and-after study. The ‘before’ (control) group comprised 154 consecutive stroke patients admitted to the acute stroke unit over a 9-month period. The ‘after’ (intervention) group comprised 197 consecutive patients admitted to the same unit over a 9-month period in the year after the introduction of the integrated care pathway. Effective-ness was assessed with a variety of measures: quality of documentation; process of care; occurrence of complications; death and discharge destination. Results were adjusted for case mix using a validated model. Results: the baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar, although there were more total anterior circulation strokes (29% versus 18%, P =0.005) and fewer partial anterior circulation strokes (30% versus 42% P =0.04) in the intervention group. In the intervention group, we found that urinary tract infections were significantly less frequent (OR 0.37, CI 0.15–0.91) and the quality of several aspects of care (e.g. CT scanning <48 hours) and documentation were significantly better. However, there were no significant differences in deaths, discharge destination, or length of stay between the two groups. Conclusion: this before-and-after study has provided further evidence that introducing an integrated care pathway for acute stroke may improve the quality of documentation and process of care, and reduce the risk of certain post-stroke
DETERMINATION OF ZINC LEVEL AND CATIONS CROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE IN SERUM OF IRAQI CHILDREN WITH FIRST FEBRILE SEIZURES

Background: Many research works clearly indicate that febrile seizure is the most common type of clinical problem in children that usually occurs at <6 years. The objective of the present study was to find the changes in serum zinc level (males and females) children and the role of cations cross the cell membrane which included sodium, potassium, and calcium in prediction of first febrile seizure within the first 24 hours. In addition to find if there was any correlation between Zn level with the other parameters mentioned in current work. Methods: A total of 64 children (30 male and 34 female) aged between 1 month to 6 years were included as patients group. Thirty two healthy children were selected as the control group, their age range was comparable with that of the patients. Serum level of zinc was measured by the graphite furnace flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium were measured using Electrolyte Analyzer. Blood glucose concentration was measured by the Reflotron Plus technique. The comparisons between groups were done using SPSS statistical program. Results: There was no significant difference in age (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups regarding temperature at the time admission. A high significance decrease (p<0.01) in the mean level of calcium and zinc , a high significance increase (p<0.01) in the mean level of blood glucose and sodium, while no significant changes in potassium level in patients were noticed compared with control group. Serum zinc level was high significance decrease (p=0.005) in group male patients compared to female patients. Conclusion : Based on our data, it was revealed that the parameters such as age, gender, body temperature, low zinc levels, and low calcium levels are among the risk factors in occurrence of the first febrile. Therefore, we suggest that deficiencies of serum zinc and calcium levels may be responsible for the pathogenesis of first febrile seizure in children.
Inc. Egg Production, Fertility, and Hatchability of Breeder Hens Receiving Dietary

Researchers SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to determine whether supplemental dietary phytase could support egg production, egg shell quality, fertility, and hatchability in broiler breeder hens on a diet with marginal available phosphorus. During the production period, 27 to 60 wk of age, individually caged broiler breeder hens were fed four diets with two available phosphorus (AP) concentrations (0.1 and 0.3%) and two phytase levels [0 and 300 phytase units (FTU)/kg]. Phytase increased overall hen-day egg production by 9.8%, as compared with hens consuming a low phosphorus diet without added phytase. Addition of phytase signiﬁcantly reduced hen mortality regardless of AP levels. Phytase improved bone mineral content and bone density of hens at both AP levels. Supplemental phytase had no signiﬁcant effect on egg weight or egg speciﬁc gravity. The results suggest the possibility of a detrimental interaction of phytase with the 0.1 AP level on