Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND With the advances in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, several novel treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients have recently emerged. The present study explored the optimal first-line immunotherapy for mRCC through a Bayesian network meta-analysis of the latest research data. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting abstracts, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to July 2020 to identify any randomized controlled trials related to immunotherapy in the first-line treatment of mRCC. The primary outcome was progressionfree survival, and the secondary outcomes were overall survival and grade 3-4 adverse events. RESULTS The network meta-analysis included 4,049 patients from 5 randomized controlled trials. Avelumab plus axitinib and pembrolizumab plus axitinib were the best treatment options in terms of progression-free survival. For overall survival, pembrolizumab plus axitinib had a 77.89% probability of being the preferred treatment. For adverse events, there was an 89.21% probability that pembrolizumab plus axitinib was the regimen with the worst side effects. CONCLUSIONS Through a meta-analysis of the latest available first-line immunotherapy progression-free survival and overall survival data for mRCC, this study found that pembrolizumab plus axitinib might be the best immunotherapy option for first-line treatment. However, attention should be paid to the potential adverse events of this regimen.
Effect of Telephone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Scalable delivery models of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), an effective treatment, are needed for widespread implementation, particularly in rural and underserved populations lacking ready access to insomnia treatment. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of telephone CBT-I vs education-only control (EOC) in older adults with moderate to severe osteoarthritis pain. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a randomized clinical trial of 327 participants 60 years and older who were recruited statewide through Kaiser Permanente Washington from September 2016 to December 2018. Participants were double screened 3 weeks apart for moderate to severe insomnia and osteoarthritis (OA) pain symptoms. Blinded assessments were conducted at baseline, after 2 months posttreatment, and at 12-month follow-up. Interventions Six 20- to 30-minute telephone sessions provided over 8 weeks. Participants submitted daily diaries and received group-specific educational materials. The CBT-I instruction included sleep restriction, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, cognitive restructuring, and homework. The EOC group received information about sleep and OA. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was score on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at 2 months posttreatment and 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included pain (score on the Brief Pain Inventory-short form), depression (score on the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire), and fatigue (score on the Flinders Fatigue Scale). Results Of the 327 participants, the mean (SD) age was 70.2 (6.8) years, and 244 (74.6%) were women. In the 282 participants with follow-up ISI data, the total 2-month posttreatment ISI scores decreased 8.1 points in the CBT-I group and 4.8 points in the EOC group, an adjusted mean between-group difference of -3.5 points (95% CI, -4.4 to -2.6 points; P < .001). Results were sustained at 12-month follow-up (adjusted mean difference, -3.0 points; 95% CI, -4.1 to -2.0 points; P < .001). At 12-month follow-up, 67 of 119 (56.3%) participants receiving CBT-I remained in remission (ISI score, ≤7) compared with 33 of 128 (25.8%) participants receiving EOC. Fatigue was also significantly reduced in the CBT-I group compared with the EOC group at 2 months posttreatment (mean between-group difference, -2.0 points; 95% CI, -3.1 to -0.9 points; P = <.001) and 12-month follow-up (mean between-group difference, -1.8 points; 95% CI, -3.1 to -0.6 points; P = .003). Posttreatment significant differences were observed for pain, but these differences were not sustained at 12-month follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, telephone CBT-I was effective in improving sleep, fatigue, and, to a lesser degree, pain among older adults with comorbid insomnia and OA pain in a large statewide health plan. Results support provision of telephone CBT-I as an accessible, individualized, effective, and scalable insomnia treatment. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02946957.
Storying My Lifestyle Change: How Breast Cancer Survivors Experience and Reflect on Their Participation in a Pilot Healthy Lifestyle Intervention

ABSTRACT Purpose: Healthy lifestyle interventions after breast cancer treatment have generally been studied in terms of weight-loss outcomes, which leaves a gap in our understanding of the phenomenological experience of such programs. Our knowledge of how or why women recovering from breast cancer engage or do not engage in these programs is limited. Thus, we aimed to share subjective experiences of lifestyle change within a 12-week group intervention entitled “Healthy Lifestyle Modification After Breast Cancer” (HLM-ABC). Methods: The present research entailed a multiple case study of four breast cancer survivors who participated in the HLM-ABC. Participants were interviewed longitudinally at four time-points: (1) pre-intervention; (2) mid-way intervention; (3) post-intervention, and (4) three-months post-intervention. Results: We analysed storytelling of participation in the HLM-ABC program to investigate participants’ unique and gradual endeavours towards living a healthier lifestyle. A qualitative, narrative analysis was applied to each participant’s set of interviews, which yielded two distinct story-telling patterns while participating in the HLM-ABC program: one “plot-driven” and one “character-driven”. Conclusions: These two narrative styles appeared to correspond with differing levels of intervention uptake and perceived success in the program. The implications of these narrative styles and their relationship to healthy lifestyle intervention are discussed.
PREVENT: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Avexitide for Treatment of Postbariatric Hypoglycemia

Abstract Context Postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH), characterized by enteroinsular axis overstimulation and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, is a complication of bariatric surgery for which there is no approved therapy. Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of avexitide [exendin (9-39)], a glucagon-like peptide-1 antagonist, for treatment of PBH. Methods A multicenter, Phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study (PREVENT). Eighteen female patients with PBH were given placebo for 14 days followed by avexitide 30 mg twice daily and 60 mg once daily, each for 14 days in random order. The main outcome measures were glucose nadir and insulin peak during mixed-meal tolerance testing (MMTT) and hypoglycemic events captured by self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), electronic diary, and blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Results Compared with placebo, avexitide 30 mg twice daily and 60 mg once daily raised the glucose nadir by 21% (P = .001) and 26% (P = .0002) and lowered the insulin peak by 23% (P = .029) and 21% (P = .042), corresponding to 50% and 75% fewer participants requiring rescue during MMTT, respectively. Significant reductions in rates of Levels 1 to 3 hypoglycemia were observed, defined, respectively, as SMBG <70 mg/dL, SMBG <54 mg/dL, and a severe event characterized by altered mental and/or physical function requiring assistance. CGM demonstrated reductions in hypoglycemia without induction of clinically relevant hyperglycemia. Avexitide was well tolerated, with no increase in adverse events. Conclusion Avexitide administered for 28 days was well tolerated and resulted in robust and consistent improvements across multiple clinical and metabolic parameters, reinforcing the targeted therapeutic approach and demonstrating durability of effect. Avexitide may represent a first promising treatment for patients with severe PBH.
Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate‐g‐glycidyl azide) graft copolymers using N, N‐dithiocarbamate‐mediated iniferters

A glycidyl azide polymer with pendent N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate groups (GAP-DDC) was prepared by the reaction of poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) with pendent N, N-diethyl dithiocarbamate groups (PECH-DDC) and sodium azide (NaN3) in dimethylformamide (DMF). It was then used as a macro-photoinitiator for the graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Photopolymerization was carried out in a photochemical reactor at a wavelength greater than 300 nm. Conversion was determined gravimetrically and first-order time conversion plot for the polymerization system showed linear increase with the polymerization time indicating that polymerization proceed in controlled fashion. The molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was in the range of 1.4–1.6 during polymerization. The formation of poly(methyl methacrylate-g-glycidyl azide) (PMMA-g-GAP) graft copolymer was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Vaginotypes of the human vaginal microbiome.

The human vaginal environment harbors a community of bacteria that plays an important role in maintaining vaginal health and in protecting this environment from various urogenital infections. This bacterial population, also known as vaginal microbiota, has been demonstrated to be dominated by members of the Lactobacillus genus. Several studies employing 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing have classified the vaginal microbiota into five distinct Community State Types (CSTs) or vaginotypes. To deepen our understanding of the vaginal microbiota we performed an in-depth meta-analysis of 1312 publicly available data sets concerning healthy vaginal microbiome information obtained by metagenomics sequencing. The analysis confirmed the predominance of taxa belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, followed by members of the genera Gardnerella, Vibrio and Atopobium. Moreover, the statistical robustness offered by this meta-analysis allowed us to disentangle the species-level composition of dominant and accessory taxa constituting each vaginotype and to revisit and refine the previously proposed CST classification. In addition, a functional characterization of the metagenomic datasets revealed particular genetic features associated with each assigned vaginotype. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Survivors’ Decision-Making around Legal Initiation for Historic CSA: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

ABSTRACT Research shows disclosure of CSA is influenced by interpersonal, intrapersonal and systemic factors, but there is limited understanding of factors that may influence survivors’ decisions as to whether to initiate legal proceedings against perpetrators or not. This understanding is necessary to support CSA survivors who may wish to pursue criminal conviction. This study aimed to qualitatively explore decision-making around legal initiation of historic abuse for adult survivors of CSA. Participants were attending psychological trauma services in Scotland and were identified for the study via treating clinicians. Seven participants engaged in individual semi-structured interviews. Data were generated using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two main themes emerged: 1) awareness and preparedness for the legal process and 2) weighing up the possible outcomes of legal initiation. Six subordinate themes were identified. Like decision-making around disclosure, barriers and facilitators exist to legal initiation. Similar barriers included fear of harm and the impact of trauma on perceptions of self, others and systems. Similar facilitators included supportive relationships and increased visibility of CSA prosecutions. Legal initiation may require a distinct foundation of supportive factors, including information about the legal process.
Effects of neuromuscular training on psychomotor development and active joint position sense in school children

Abstract As psychomotor development occurs in a specific social context, the environment in which a child is reared is important. The randomized study involved forty-five school children between 8 and 10 years. They were assigned to a control group (n = 23) and a neuromuscular training group (n = 22). A neuromuscular intervention for six weeks, on two nonconsecutive days, and in a circuit with 30-second stations was performed. The psychomotor development was evaluated through a psychomotor battery and the active joint position sense through the positional error. In the control group, the positional error decreased significantly in the shoulder (p < 0.001) and hip (p < 0.001), while the scores of motor function increased significantly which included balance (p < 0.001), spatio-temporal structuring (p = 0.022), global praxia (p = 0.002), and fine praxia (p = 0.003). In the neuromuscular training group, the positional error decreased significantly in the shoulder (p = 0.015), elbow (p = 0.015), wrist (p < 0.001), hip (p < 0.001), knee (p < 0.001), and ankle (p < 0.001), while the motor function scores increased significantly which included tonicity (p < 0.001), balance (p < 0.001), notion of the body (p < 0.001), spatio-temporal structuring (p < 0.001), global praxia (p < 0.001), and fine praxia (p < 0.001). A six-week neuromuscular training improved active joint position sense and psychomotor development in children.
Response of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer and Plant Spacing on Growth and Yield Contributing Character of Sunflower

The plant spacing of 20, 25 and 30 cm were used for the study. The doses of nitrogen and phosphorus were 80, 100, 120 and 45, 60, 75 kg/hectare respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. 20 cm plant spacing produced the highest plot yield. Maximum number of seeds per head and yield were produced by the application of 120 kg N + 75 kg P 2 O 5 per hectare. In case of plant spacing x fertilizer interaction effect, 20 cm plant spacing with 120 kg N + 75 kg P 2 O 5 per hectare treatment produced the highest head diameter and seed yield. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res . 41 (1-2), 33-40, 2006
A systematic review of clozapine’s effectiveness for primary psychotic and bipolar disorders in older adults

ABSTRACT Objectives: The primary aim was to systematically review the literature regarding the effectiveness of clozapine in reducing symptoms of primary psychotic and bipolar disorders in older adults. The secondary aim was to describe other reported patient and caregiver outcomes of clozapine treatment in older adults. Design: MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, ProQuest, and PubMed databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines for original empirical research examining the effectiveness of clozapine in adults aged 65 years or more with primary psychotic and bipolar disorders. Identified studies were assessed for methodological quality using the QualSyst tool. Results: 1121 records were screened, of which 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. In total, 128 subjects participated in the included studies (111 of whom were from a single study), with an age range of 65–86 years, and diagnoses including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and delusional disorder. Indications for clozapine use included treatment resistance and inability to tolerate other treatments. While six out of seven studies reported some improvement on the primary measure of psychopathology after treatment with clozapine, the group effects were modest and based on low-level evidence. Additional reported outcomes included discharge destination, death, and relapse. Most of the included studies were only of adequate methodological quality, with significant risks of bias identified. Conclusions: Clozapine may have positive effects for primary psychotic and bipolar illnesses in some older adults, but the group effects reported were modest and based on low-level evidence studies with methodological limitations. Based on these findings, clinical decision-making about whether or not to trial clozapine should involve an individualized analysis of potential benefits and risks in collaboration with patients and their families and caregivers.
Optical Breakdown in Liquid Suspensions and Its Analytical Applications

Micro- and nanoparticles persist in all environmental aquatic systems and their identification and quantification are of considerable importance. Therefore, the application of Laser-induced breakdown to aquatic particles is of interest. Since direct application of this method to water samples is difficult, further understanding of the breakdown is needed. We describe several optical techniques for investigation of laser breakdown in water, including Mach-Zehnder interferometry, shadow, and Schlieren diagnostic. They allow for studying the time dependent structure and physical properties of the breakdown at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Monitoring the formation of microbubbles, their expansion, and the evolution of the associated shockwaves are described. The new understanding is that the plasma column in liquids has a discrete nature, which lasts up to 100 ns. Controlling the generation of nanoparticles in the irradiated liquids is discussed. It is shown that multivariate analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy allows for differentiation between various groups of suspended particulates.
An analytical formula for the estimation of a rankine‐cycle heat engine efficiency at maximum power

The authors develop an analytical formula for estimating the Rankine power cycle efficiency at maximum power, which can be extracted from the given mass flow rates of heating and cooling fluids. This formula does not need any detailed thermodynamic data. The accuracy of the procedure is shown by comparisons between analytical values and those calculated using detailed thermodynamic data. The results indicate that the thermal efficiency at maximum power depends primarily on the initial temperatures of the heating and cooling fluids and pinch-temperature differences between the working fluid and the heating and cooling fluids. The efficiency at maximum power provides a measure of the power available in a Rankine heat engine.
Early volume targeted ventilation in preterm infants born at 22–25 weeks of gestational age

Early hypocapnia in preterm infants is associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Volume targeted ventilation (VTV) has been shown to reduce hypocapnia in preterm infants. Less is known of VTV in infants born at <26 weeks gestational age (GA).
Communicating What We Know and What Isn’t So: Science Communication in Psychology

The field of psychology has a long history of encouraging researchers to disseminate their findings to the broader public. This trend has continued in recent decades in part because of professional psychology organizations reissuing calls to “give psychology away. ” This recent wave of calls to give psychology away is different because it has been occurring alongside another movement in the field—the credibility revolution in which psychology has been reckoning with metascientific questions about what exactly psychologists know. This creates a dilemma for the modern psychologist: How is one to “give psychology away” if one is unsure about what is known or what one has to give? In the current article, we discuss strategies for navigating this tension by drawing on insights from the interdisciplinary fields of science communication and persuasion and social influence.
Effect of pH Value and Electrolyte Concentration on the Copper Sulphide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Thin films of copper sulphide were deposited using chemical bath deposition method. The deposition was carried out at various pH values and electrolyte concentrations. The structure, morphology and optical properties of thin films were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the deposited materials were CuS with hexagonal phase. The films deposited using 0.05 M of copper chloride and sodium thiosulfate solutions at pH 3 showed the best crystallinity, uniform surface coverage and high absorption characteristics. The band gap was found to be 2.6 eV with p-type behaviour. Key Words: Copper sulphide, Chemical bath deposition, thin films, X-ray diffraction.
The preparation of MnZn-ferrite nanoparticles in a water/CTAB, 1-butanol/1-hexanol reverse microemulsion

Manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles were prepared using a precipitation in reverse microemulsion system consisting of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant, 1-butanol as a co-surfactant, 1-hexanol as an oil phase and an aqueous solution of metal sulfates. Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) served as the precipitating agent. The influence of the microemulsion's composition on the nature of the spinel product was studied. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), specific surface area (BET) and magnetometry. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)