Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does early operative treatment improve outcomes of primary patellar dislocation? A systematic review

Background:Patellar dislocation is a common injury that frequently affects young, active patients. Management of acute primary patellar dislocation has historically been conservative; however, multiple randomized studies have recently been published comparing nonoperative and operative management of primary patellar dislocations. We hypothesized that early operative management of acute patellar dislocations would decrease recurrent instability and improve patient outcomes. Methods:A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to compare the risk of recurrent patellar dislocation and instability and patient-reported outcome scores of early operative intervention compared with nonoperative management of acute primary patellar dislocations. Results:Seven randomized controlled trials were identified. Patient populations and surgical techniques varied greatly among the studies, precluding meta-analysis. Three of seven studies reported decreased risk of recurrent dislocation and instability with operative treatment. Two of seven studies reported improved Kujala scores with operative management. Conclusions:There are currently insufficient data to determine whether operative management of primary patellar dislocations decreases the risk of recurrent dislocation or subjective instability. Clinical Relevance:Additional studies comparing modern surgical treatment with nonoperative management with careful assessment of known risk factors for recurrent dislocation are needed.
Brucellosis and some reproductive problems of indigenous Arsi cattle in selected Arsi zone's of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

4 Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Merti District of Arsi zone from October 2009 to March 2010 to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis. A questionnaire survey on 97 households was also conducted to determine the prevalence of retained fetal membrane and abortion and their linkage to brucellosis sero-positivity. A total of 370 blood samples for sera were collected from indigenous Arsi cattle of both sexes and different ages. The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used on sera as a screening test for brucellosis. RBPT positive serum samples were further subjected to Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for confirmation of brucellosis positivity. The result showed that RBPT detected 2 (0.05%) of the 370 samples. The 2 RBPT positive sera were also confirmed to be positive (0.05%) by CFT. All the positive sera were from female cattle but male sera were not positive in both tests. Result of the questionnaire survey on 126 cows from 97 households indicated a prevalence of 11 (8.7%) abortion and 23 (18.3%) retained fatal membrane. Abortion and retained fatal membrane were significantly (p< 0.05) associated with brucellosis. This rapid study result showed that bovine brucellosis prevalence was low compared to prevalence of retained fetal membrane and abortion problems in the indigenous Arsi cattle in the study area. This reflected, in addition to brucellosis, some other agents were involved in retained fetal membrane and abortion. However, in-depth epidemiological study on brucellosis, retained fetal membrane and abortion is needed in the area to conclude and to implement control measures.
PROCESSO DE TRABALHO EM UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA E A EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE

A educacao permanente em saude propoe a criacao de espacos coletivos com a finalidade de levar os trabalhadores da saude a reflexao e avaliacao de seus atos produzidos no cotidiano, a fim de buscar a transformacao das praticas de saude e de educacao. Este artigo propos a discussao da educacao permanente com base nas ponderacoes feitas pelos trabalhadores da Estrategia Saude da Familia quanto aos processos de sua atividade profissional. Para isso, desenvolveu-se um estudo qualitativo, com a utilizacao da tecnica de grupo focal. Como resultado, verificou-se que a reflexao dos profissionais de saude sobre a realidade do proprio cotidiano de trabalho permitiu uma discussao acerca da educacao permanente e, em consequencia, o inicio de um processo de mudanca de suas praticas.
Beyond the blue banana? Structural change in Europe´s geo-economy

For centuries, the so-called 'Blue Banana' has shown the greatest development potential in Europe's geo-economy. This metropolitan area, extending from the north-west of London through Germany to Milan, traditionally has been a breeding place for entrepreneurship and innovation in Europe. Recently, however, commentators have identified the 'Sunbelt' from Milan to Valencia and - anticipating the coming enlargement of the European Union - the 'Yellow Banana' from Paris to Warsaw as the growth poles of the future. Ultimately, it is claimed, these emerging centres of gravity may even take over the dominant position of the Blue Banana in the European economy. In this paper we explore the question how likely it is that the contemporary structure of Europe's economic-geographical system is really changing in the next decades. After a short discussion of the 'stylized facts' of unbalanced growth in Europe we develop a framework in which insights from structural change theory and economic geography are combined. In particular, we link the literature on sectoral changes from industry to services in time with spatial concepts such as urbanization economies, institutional inertia and geographical path dependency. With the help of this framework it is argued that over time the techno-economic and institutional structure of specialized regions may become locked-in into rigid trajectories. Simultaneously, we suggest that regions with sectoral diversity provide the flexibility which is needed to absorb new techno-economic developments and to develop 'new combinations'. This framework of structural change in time and space is applied to the European context. We find that it is particularly the Blue Banana that may face a favourable future. The fact is that thanks to its diversified structure this area rather than the Sunbelt and the Yellow Banana can build on strong urbanization economies. Therefore, we expect that the Blue Banana despite its industrial tradition continues to be the major economic growth axis in the European service economy. In this line of reasoning, also European structural policy may take on a different aspect: rather than aiming for regional balance the policy objective might be striving for an optimal economic, institutional and infrastructural connection of less developed regions to the Blue Banana. In this way, spread effects from cities in the Blue Banana to connected areas are facilitated, which ultimately may contribute to a less unbalanced growth of Europe's geo-economy.
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Changing the Management Paradigm or Just the Definition ?

Copyright: © 2014 Rios-Tamayo R. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The time has come for Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) as we know it, to become a treatable disease in some cases. SMM accounts for approximately 15% of myelomas. Since its first description, thirtyfour years ago, observation has been the gold standard, until myelomarelated end-organ/tissue injury occurs and symptomatic or Clinical Multiple Myeloma (CMM) develops. However, SMM may be considered as a “hinge disease”, positioned between Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance (MGUS) and CMM. Virtually all cases of CMM are preceded by an asymptomatic phase, including both MGUS or SMM. Furthermore, SMM can behave stably (MGUS-like), but also as a slowly or rapidly progressive disease.
BIOMASS ESTIMATION, CARBON STORAGE AND ENERGY CONTENT OF THREE VIRGIN JUNGLE RESERVES IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Suatu kajian terhadap biomasa, penyimpanan Carbon dan kandungan energi telah dilakukan di tiga Virgin Jungle Reserve (VJR) yang mewakili zona geografi yang berbeda, yaitu Mata Ayer VJR, Perlis, Bukit Bauk VJR, Terengganu dan Gunung Pulai VJR, Johor, Semenanjung Malaysia. Plot tunggal seluas 2 hektar (100 m x 200 m) telah dibuat di masing-masing VJR. Plot kemudian dibagi menjadi 50 subplot seluas 20 x 20 m2. Semua pohon > 5 cm setinggi dada, telah ditandakan dengan alumunium bernomor, diukur dan spesimen voucher dikumpulkan. Hasilnya menunjukkan kepadatan pohon di Mata Ayer VJR sebanyak 1171 individu/ha, Bukit Bauk VJR sebanyak 1351 individu/ha dan Gunung Pulai VJR sebanyak 1035 individu/ha. Jumlah biomasa di atas tanah, Mata Ayer VJR = 402.6 t/h, Bukit Bauk VJR = 551.2 t/ha dan Gunung Pulai VJR = 320.6 t/ha. Sedangkan jumlah penyimpanan Carbon di atas tanah untuk Mata Ayer VJR = 201.3 t/h, Bukit Bauk VJR = 250.6 t/h dan Gunung Pulai VJR = 160.3 t/ha. Kandungan energi di atas tanah untuk Mata Ayer VJR = 154.97 toe, Bukit Bauk VJR=212.17 toe, dan Gunung Pulai VJR = 123.41toe. Kata kunci : Biomasa, Carbon, Virgin Jungle Reserve, Semenanjung Malaysia
Relating Factors on Image Quality of Three-dimensional Upper Abdominal CT Angiography

Purpose:To explore the effects of imaging parameters on image quality of CT angiography.Methods:Thirty patients(mean age 53.7 years,median age 51.0 years) who underwent upper abdomen contrast-enhanced scanning were included.The imaging parameters used with a 16-MDCT scanner including configuration of 1mm×16,120kV,250mA,0.5s/rot,pitch 15(0.938),and five retrospectively reconstructed algorithm(FC are 3,2,1,5,4,respectively). The maximum intensity projection(MIP) and volume rendering(VR) of the celiac artery were displayed at the workstation and the density of the aorta and liver were measured.The value of enhancement,contrast,signal-to noise ratio(SNR),contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR),and noise(SD) were calculated.The image quality of VR images were classified into excellent,good,and bad.The statistic analysis including the multivariate relationship analysis,t-test,and receiver operation characteristic curve(ROC). Results:The most relevance parameter to MIP image was SNR(r=0.61),and the next one was SD(r=-0.49). The most relevance parameter to VR image was CNR(r=0.82),and the next one was SNR(r=0.54). The three parameters of excellent MIP and VR images were significantly different(P0.05). When FC02 was used,the image quality of MIP and VR was significantly related to the above parameters except the noise.More than 80% VR images were excellent when the CT value,contrast,SNR,and CNR were more than 265Hu,200Hu,26,and 18,respectively.When the contrast was more than 250Hu,95% VR images were excellent.Conclusion:The image quality of upper abdominal CT angiography was mainly related to contrast,and seldom related to the noise.This suggested low-dose CT angiography was feasible.
Satellite structure in atomic spectra. II. The outer-shell photoelectron spectra of the rare gases

for pt.I see ibid., vol.15, p.203 (1982). A model for the calculation of atomic satellite structure described in an earlier paper, is applied to the outer-shell photoelectron spectra of the rare gases neon, argon, krypton and xenon using muti-configuration shake theory to calculate relative intensities. The origin of the satellite structure and some trends with atomic number are discussed. The high-energy photon spectra are interpreted, although for Xe the importance of relativistic effects prevents a complete interpretation. The model is found to have achieved its aim of providing both an understanding and a basis for interpretation of atomic satellite spectra.
PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN FOUR FAMOUS BRAND OF DOOGH PRODUCED IN IRAN

Background and Objectives: Doogh is considered as one of the traditional drink in iran and other nations like Eastern Europe, Middle East and Asia. in the past the “doogh” was applied to a product which remained after dilution of full fat yoghurt with water and fat separation using the musk. Nowadays Doogh has have physical, chemical, physico-chemical, microbial and sensory characteristics and standards. in this study the microbial quality of four famous brands produced in iran was assessed. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Totally, 126 samples were selected from the foodstuff suppliers using random sampling . in order to determine Staphylococcus aureus, Baird Parker Agar (recognition test) and coagulase test (confirmation test) were used. Results: The results were analyzed using SPSS, and T-Test and one way ANOVA were performed. The results showed that in view of contamination there is Significant differences between the months, the brands and the types of doogh (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results and due to probable presence of Entrotoxin, the analyzed brands can be potent risk to consumer’s health.
Exposición a órganoclorados por ingesta de leche pasteurizada comercializada en Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivo Estimar la exposicion de pobladores adultos a compuestos organoclorados a partir de la ingesta de leche pasteurizada comercializada en la ciudad de Cartagena. Metodos Estudio observacional descriptivo de 47 muestras de lotes de produccion de distintas marcas de leche pasteurizada y comercializada en la ciudad de Cartagena. El contenido de materia grasa en las muestras de leche fue determinado por Cromatografia de gases. Asimismo, fueron encuestadas 596 personas mayores de edad de las cuales se indago la frecuencia de consumo de productos lacteos con el fin de estimar la ingesta diaria potencial y admisible y evaluar el riesgo a ingesta de organoclorados. Resultados Las personas encuestadas se encuentran expuestas a compuestos organoclorados mediante la ingesta de 12,1 mg/g/dia a traves del consumo de leche pasteurizada comercializada en la ciudad de Cartagena. El 100 % de las muestras analizadas se encontro contaminada con alguno de los plaguicidas objeto de estudio. La poblacion objeto de estudio presenta una ingesta diaria (IDP) de compuestos organoclorados superior a lo permitido, a la luz de la FAO/OMS. Conclusiones No es posible recomendar a la poblacion cartagenera no consumir leche, pero si recomendar a las autoridades competentes encargadas de exigir a las productoras que inicien campanas de mejoramiento de la calidad de la leche desde el punto de vista toxicologico.
A snow-transport model for complex terrain

Abstract As part of the winter environment in middle- and high-latitude regions, the interactions between wind, vegetation, topography and snowfall produce snow covers of non-uniform depth and snow water-equivalent distribution. A physically based numerical snow-transport model (SnowTran-3D) is developed and used to simulate this three-dimensional snow-depth evolution over topographically variable terrain. The mass-transport model includes processes related to vegetation snow-holding capacity, topographic modification of wind speeds, snow-cover shear strength, wind-induced surface-shear stress, snow transport resulting from saltation and suspension, snow accumulation and erosion, and sublimation of the blowing and drifting snow. The model simulates the cold-season evolution of snow-depth distribution when forced with inputs of vegetation type and topography, and atmospheric foreings of air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and precipitation. Model outputs include the spatial and temporal evolution of snow depth resulting from variations in precipitation, saltation and suspension transport, and sublimation. Using 4 years of snow-depth distribution observations from the foothills north of the Brooks Range in Arctic Alaska, the model is found to simulate closely the observed snow-depth distribution patterns and the interannual variability.
The significance of re-hepatectomy for intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

肝細胞癌肝切除後の肝内再発に対する治療法について検討した. 根治切除397例中229例(58%)が再発し,そのうち肝内再発187例(82%)を対象とした. 再切除31例(17%),肝動脈化学塞栓療法(TACE)142例(76%),経皮的エタノール注入療法(PEIT)14例(7%)であった. 再切除例の3, 5年生存率は79%, 79%であり,TACE例の41%, 13%に比し良好であった(p<0.002). PEIT例の3年生存率は71%であった. 再切除とTACEの背景因子マッチさせ5年生存率を比較した. ICGR15 20%以下:再切除71%, TACE 17% (p<0.05),腫瘍個数3個以内:再切除78%, TACE 16% (p<0.01),単発再発:再切除84%, TACE 17% (p<0.05)であった. 従って,肝内再発に対する再切除は,肝機能良好,腫瘍個数3個以内の症例には選択されるべき治療法と思われた.
Analysis of Rainfall Trends in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Rainfall availability sets the ceiling to crop yield in Nigeria. Rainfall trend is among the important characteristics of rainfall that varies both in time and space. This study has shown a gradual decline in rainfall trend as we move from the coastal south to the northern part of the state. Even though the northern part of the state tends to indicate abysmal increase in annual rainfall trend, a decline in annual rainfall of 58% and 65% of the total period was observed for the coastal south (Eket) and the central part (Uyo) of the state respectively. This decline was more pronounced in the months of March, July and September. Keywords: climate, trend, variability, draught, rainfall, crop yield
Blood-brain barrier changes after acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats

Objective To study the changes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its MRI manifestations in the occlusion and reperfusion of the right middle cerebral artery of rats. Methods Forty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. All rats experienced the occlusion and reperfusion of the right middle cerebral artery with thread. Group A and group C were occluded for 2 hours; Group B and group D were occluded for 6 hours. T1WI, T2WI and postcontrast T1WI were performed before reperfusion and 2, 24 hours after reperfusion in group A, group B ( n =10 for each). The outcome of serial MRI was compared with histological studies using light and electron microscopy in 4 animals of group A and group B. In Group C, D ( n =12 for each), the integrity of BBB was investigated using Evans blue (EB) staining brain and the content of EB in the brain tissue was measured by spectrophotometry. Results Postcontrast T1WI showed no enhancement in both group A and B during occlusion. Two hours after reperfusion, patch of enhancement appeared in 4 rats of group A, but all 10 rats in group B showed large piece of obvious enhancement, and 3 rats showed hyper-intensity in T1WI 24 hours after reperfusion. The tissue injury was seen more severe on histological examination in group B compared with group A. In group C, patch blue staining brain was seen in the caudoputamen of 8 animals, while was grossly visible in cortex and caudoputamen of all 12 rats of group D. The content of EB in the right hemisphere was different between group C and D ( P 0.01). The content in the right hemisphere was significantly higher than in the left ( P 0.05). Conclusion With prolonging of the ischemia duration, disruption of the BBB after reperfusion is more severe. The application of MRI is useful to non-invasively and repeatably evaluate the condition of BBB following acute cerebral ischemia.
Longitudinal stability of latent means and individual differences: A unified approach

We examined the stability of responses to a multi‐item self‐esteem scale collected on five occasions over an 8‐year period. A wide variety of approaches were critically examined that considered the stability of means, individual differences (i.e., test‐retest correlations), and factor structures using traditional approaches (e.g., ANOVA and correlations) and structural equation models. Structural equation models based on multiple indicators provided a unified analytic approach for evaluating different aspects of stability and offered important advantages over traditional approaches. We describe a hierarchy of invariances and the nature of interpretations that are justified by different patterns of factor structure invariance associated with each level. We conclude that the assumptions underlying the typical repeated‐measures ANOVA approach to testing mean differences in longitudinal data are far more restrictive, less easily tested, and less likely to be met than those in the structural equation modeling .
A four‐dimensional mesoscale map of the spring bloom in the northeast Atlantic (POMME experiment): Results of a prognostic model

[1] A prognostic high-resolution model is established to provide an integrated view of the evolution of the spring bloom during the Programme Ocean Multidisciplinaire Meso Echelle (POMME) experiments carried out at sea from February to May 2001 (16–22°W and 38°–45°N). Data collected during the first survey were used for model initialization, and data from three other cruises were used for model validation. The model successfully predicts the time evolution of the main reservoirs and fluxes, except for a storm event during postbloom conditions, for which the biological impact is underestimated. The bloom is long in duration (2 months), has low intensity (1 mg Chl m−3), and is characterized by a small f-ratio (0.45) and a small e-ratio (0.05). Furthermore, the model reveals much stronger space and time variability than sampled in the data. This large variability results both from the synoptic atmospheric variability and from the stirring induced by oceanic mesoscale eddies. In particular, the bloom starts in specific submesoscale features that correspond to filaments of minimum mixed layer depth. On short timescales (2–3 days), space and time variability have the same order of magnitude. On the seasonal timescale, time variability is larger than space variability. Considering the transient state of the system, this modeling exercise is also used to quantify the nonsynopticity of the observations, which occur mostly during bloom conditions, a crucial point for the data interpretation.
Northward motion of the Whitehorse Trough: paleomagnetic evidence from the Upper Cretaceous Carmacks Group: Reply

The Upper Cretaceous Carmacks Group (70.4 ± 2.4 Ma) comprises gently dipping basaltic and andesitic lava flows overlying volcaniclastic deposits of the Intermontane Belt in the Whitehorse Trough. The sampling area is in southern Yukon and northern British Columbia; it lies west of the Tintina – Northern Rocky Mountain Trench fault and Teslin Suture Zone and east of the Denali – Shakwak fault. Volcanic sections were sampled in three regions spread over 300 km, providing the first paleomagnetic data from pre-Tertiary volcanic rocks in the northern Canadian Cordillera. Alternating-field and thermal demagnetization revealed stable magnetization for 18 of the 27 sites collected. The overall mean direction (D = 166.7°, I = −71.4°, k = 53, α95 = 4.8°, N = 18 sites) is pre-folding and is most probably primary (latest Cretaceous). This gives a paleopole at 109.4°E, 82.1°N, K = 21, A95 = 7.8°. A critical evaluation of North American cratonic data yields a reference paleopole for the latest Cretaceous at 185.8°E, 77.
Land Surface Evaluation Using Unit Hydrograph Methods at Way Besai Watershed, Sumberjaya, West Lampung, Indonesia

Sumber Jaya is an important water resource area for Lampung Province; therefore the local government protects this area, especially from clearing the forest for coffee plantation. However, the efforts in protecting the forest area had created conflict with the local farmers. The objective of this research was to evaluate catchments hydrological function from different land cover condition. The method using for this purpose was by investigating the unit hydrograph of each land cover which were observed from several rain events. The results showed that soil cover on each sub-catchment were relatively able to hold the input water. When rain falls, water was infiltrated into the soil before flow to the streams and water level increased slowly. When rain stops, water still flowed from the soil surface that water level did not decrease quickly. It can be concluded that the watershed surface was still in a good condition; however, watershed managements to prevent it from future destruction was necessary. The rest of forest area (12%) should be protected and no further coffee plantation in this area was allowed. Keywords: Unit hydrograph, water level, watershed