Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Volcanic Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Forcing Emulator (EVA_H): Comparison With Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Models

Idealized models or emulators of volcanic aerosol forcing have been widely used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of past volcanic forcing. However, existing models, including the most recently developed Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA; Toohey et al., doi: 10.5194/gmd‐2016‐83), (i) do not account for the height of injection of volcanic SO 2 ; (ii) prescribe a vertical structure for the forcing; and (iii) are often calibrated against a single eruption. We present a new idealized model, EVA_H, that addresses these limitations. Compared to EVA, EVA_H makes predictions of the global mean stratospheric aerosol optical depth that are (i) similar for the 1979–1998 period characterized by the large and high‐altitude tropical SO 2 injections of El Chichón (1982) and Mount Pinatubo (1991); (ii) significantly improved for the 1998–2015 period characterized by smaller eruptions with a large variety of injection latitudes and heights. Compared to EVA, the sensitivity of volcanic forcing to injection latitude and height in EVA_H is much more consistent with results from climate models that include interactive aerosol chemistry and microphysics, even though EVA_H remains less sensitive to eruption latitude than the latter models. We apply EVA_H to investigate potential biases and uncertainties in EVA‐based volcanic forcing data sets from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). EVA and EVA_H forcing reconstructions do not significantly differ for tropical high‐altitude volcanic injections. However, for high‐latitude or low‐altitude injections, our reconstructed forcing is significantly lower. This suggests that volcanic forcing in CMIP6 last millenium experiments may be overestimated for such eruptions.
Observing and Simulating Spatial Variations of Forest Carbon Stocks in Complex Terrain

The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle remains the least constrained component in the global C cycle, partly due to the difficulty of quantifying C sources and sinks in complex terrain. In this paper, we used observations at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory and a biogeochemistry model, Biome‐BGC, to study the spatial distribution of C stocks and fluxes in a first‐order watershed. The model simulated the average C pools and fluxes in the watershed after constraining three model parameters with observations. The model was able to generate the observed spatial patterns of C pools in the watershed, with higher biomass and soil C in the valley and lower values on the ridgetop, though the model underestimated the ridgetop to valley differences. We examined the simulated effect of four environmental factors, soil moisture, soil temperature, nitrogen (N) availability and solar radiation, on the spatial distribution of C pools. Among these factors, soil water and N availability coupled together dominate the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass. Soil water was the most important factor controlling soil C. These results are highly sensitive to van Genuchten parameters, which describe the soil water retention curve. This study highlights the importance of the hydrologic system in describing within‐watershed structure in terrestrial C stocks.
What Are the Shareholder Value Implications of Non-Voted Shareholder Proposals?

Managerial resistance precludes half of shareholder-initiated proposals from reaching the ballot stage. I construct a novel dataset of excluded and withdrawn proposals from the Securities and Exchange Commission's responses to managers' exclusion requests. An examination of announcement returns to the exclusion and withdrawal decisions reveals that non-voted proposals have a value-destroying nature. Special interest investors pursuing self-serving agendas and retail investors advocating for one-size-fits-all reforms explain the harmful character of non-voted proposals. I correct for the selection bias induced by managerial resistance and show that focusing only on voted proposals overstates the shareholder proposals-driven value creation.
In Vivo Dual RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Basis for Differential Tissue Tropism of Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a genetically diverse human-adapted pathogen commonly carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx. We have recently shown that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the raffinose pathway regulatory gene rafR accounts for a significant difference in the capacity of clonally-related strains to cause localised versus systemic infection. Here we have used dual RNA-seq to show that this SNP extensively impacts both bacterial and host transcriptomes in infected lungs. It affects expression of bacterial genes encoding multiple sugar transporters, and fine-tunes carbohydrate metabolism, along with extensive rewiring of host transcriptional responses to infection, particularly expression of genes encoding cytokine and chemokine ligands and receptors. The dual RNA-seq data predicted a crucial role for differential neutrophil recruitment in the distinct virulence profiles of the infecting strains and single cell analysis revealed that while reduced expression of the RafR regulon driven by a single rafR SNP provides a clear advantage for pneumococci to colonize the ear, in the lung it leads to massive recruitment of neutrophils and bacterial clearance. Importantly, the observed disease outcomes were confirmed by in vivo neutrophil depletion showing that early detection of bacteria by the host in the lung environment is crucial for effective clearance. Thus, dual RNA-seq provides a powerful tool for understanding complex host-pathogen interactions and revealed how a single bacterial SNP can drive differential disease outcomes.
Management of bronchiectasis in Europe: Data from the European bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC)

Introduction: There are no published data on the management of bronchiectasis across Europe. Methods: The European Bronchiectasis registry (EMBARC) is a prospective observational study of patients with HRCT confirmed bronchiectasis. Data on current treatments were evaluated in relation to severity of disease and bacterial infection. Results: 2031 patients were included from 23 European Countries. Mean age was 63 years and 58% were female. The most common aetiologies were idiopathic (39%) and post-infective (27%). Mean FEV1 was 71% predicted. 51.3% had 2 or more exacerbations/year and 20.5% of patients were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The most common treatment across the population was inhaled corticosteroids (ICS- 55%), usually in combination with long acting beta-agonists (56.4%). Inhaled antibiotics were used in 10.8% (predominantly colistin 65.9%). Long term (>28 days) oral antibiotics were used in 19.4% (azithromycin- 74.2%). Mucoactive drugs were infrequently used. There was a significantly higher use of long term antibiotics in more severe patients, assessed by the bronchiectasis severity index (p P. aeruginosa infection strongly influenced treatment patterns, with increased use of ICS (78.4%,p=0.005), inhaled antibiotics (40.4%,p P. aeruginosa infection. Conclusions: P. aeruginosa infection is the primary driver for long term antibiotic treatment. The EMBARC registry will provide a useful benchmark to evaluate the impact of the upcoming ERS guidelines on clinical practice.
Cervical Cancer and College Students: Knowledge And Attitude About Common Risk Factors

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide (1,2). Many studies have shown conflicting results with relation to knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer among college students. This study was undertaken. To study the level of awareness and attitudes towards cervical cancer amongst the college students of Puducherry and to study the awareness of risk factors that are likely to cause cervical cancer amongst the college going population of Puducherry. 503 participants of both sexes from three colleges viz., Medical, Engineering and Arts& Science College were selected. Their awareness was assessed by self- administrating questionnaire, they results were analyzed. It is found that there is an inadequate level of knowledge and awareness about the common risk factors and preventive measures of cervical cancer.
The Investment-Return Relation

The q-theory of asset pricing predicts a negative relation between a firm’s investment and its future stock returns, and the negative relation is stronger among firms with higher investment frictions. These predictions arise from each firm’s decision. Therefore, testing it does not require that the amount of investment be in investors’ information set, and skipping between the investment and future stock returns is unnecessary. We document a positive relation between a firm’s investment and its immediate future stock returns. This positive relation, in most empirical specifications, fully subsumes the traditionally documented negative investment-return relation that starts several quarters after investment. After considering immediate future returns, the investment-return relation is more positive among firms with higher investment frictions. These findings challenge the q-theory based interpretation of the investment-return relation.
Institutionalized care for adults with significant disabilities and mental illnesses in the province of New Brunswick

ii DEDICATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Dissertation Structure . 4 Official Definitions of Long Term Care . 6 Contextual Moments in the History of Long-Term Care in New Brunswick . 8 The Institutional Era . 8 Key Legislative and Policy Change 1960-1980 . 10 Deinstitutionalization in New Brunswick . 11 Key Legislative Changes in Treatment and Care Approaches . 13 21 st Century: Re-institutionalization . 13 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 15 Issues Surrounding Out-of-Home Placement . 15 Issues that Affect the Provision and Receiving of Care . 25 The Social, Emotional, and Cultural Climates of Long-Term Care. 32 Gaps in the Literature . 33 CHAPTER THREE: THEORY . 36 Issues of Power, Bio-power, and Knowledge/Power Analyses . 37 Foucault and the Body . 43 Discourses and Conceptualizations of Disability . 44 Self and Self-Identity . 50 The Bureaucratic Management of Populations . 52 Long-Term Care as a Total Institution . 52 Reverse Integration . 55 CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY . 57 Epistemological Assumptions and the Importance of Voice . 57 Research Design. 61 Participant Observation . 62
Transpired turbulent boundary layers: a general strategy for RANS turbulence models

ABSTRACT Transpired boundary layers are of major interest for many industrial applications. Although well described, there is no turbulence model specifically dedicated to the prediction of boundary layers for both blowing and suction configurations. Revisiting closure relations of turbulence models, a general strategy was established to recover Stevenson's law of the wall that described the behaviour of transpired boundary layers in the wall region. The methodology is applied to the SST turbulence model and compared to Wilcox's correction, only applicable to blowing cases. A version of the proposed correction, more suited to RANS solvers, was also derived. Several experimental boundary layer configurations with blowing or suction were computed using both versions of the correction. The good agreements observed on all cases prove the relevance and the efficiency of the present strategy. Abbreviations: l: mixing length; u: longitudinal velocity component; v: wall-normalvelocity component; : longitudinal velocity fluctuation; : wall-normal velocityfluctuation; x: longitudinal direction; y: wall-normal direction; k: turbulent kineticenergy; ω: specific dissipation; : displacement thickness; τ: shear stress; ρ: density; ν: kinematic viscosity; : eddy viscosity; μ: dynamic viscosity; κ: Kàrmàn constant; :superscript for dimensionless wall quantities; : subscript for quantities at the wall; :Reynolds average
DESCRIPTION OF SARCOPENIA FREQUENCY AND ANALYSIS OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CALF CIRCUMFERENCE AND THE EUROPEAN CONSENSUS FOR SARCOPENIA DIAGNOSIS IN ELDERLY

This study aimed to describe the frequency of sarcopenia and verify the agreement between instruments for diagnosis. This a cross-sectional study, where we used the algorithm proposed by the European Consensus Sarcopenia (EWGSOP), calf circumference (CC), muscle mass and body mass index. 167 elderly were evaluated with a mean age of 68.03 ± 6.12 years. The elderly frequency diagnosed by EWGSOP sarcopenia and CC was as follows: 40 (24.0%) and 15 (9.0%). A low degree of agreement between CC and the EWGSOP (P = 0.101) was found. However, these instruments due to the low financial cost and easy applicability are important auxiliary tools for the screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia in elderly.
The Moderating Effect of Gender on Adaptive Coping Mechanisms and Financial Stress

It is a fact that financial stress impact university students. Given this notion, this research looked at the moderating impact of gender on the adaptive coping mechanism of private university students on their financial stress. The research was a descriptivecorrelational design. The study conveniently employed 369 respondents of the primer private university in Ghana (Valley View University), out of a population of 9,000 to answer self-constructed questionnaires with Cronbach Alpha of . 806 for adaptive coping mechanism and . 845 for financial stress. The data were analyzed descriptively based on the central tendency with SPSS and regression Process v3.2 by Andrew F. Hayes model 1. The study revealed that there was a very high financial stress among private university students in Ghana and they have a high adaptive coping mechanism. The students used emotion-focus than problem-focus coping mechanisms in managing their financial stress. Also, there was a moderate positive significant association between financial stress and adaptive coping mechanism. However, the adaptive coping mechanisms could predict financial stress by 11.65%. There was a significant enhancing moderating effect of gender on adaptive coping mechanisms and financial stress relationship. With time the males' financial stress moderately decrease based on their rate of change to adaptive coping mechanism, while the females have a high increasing coping mechanism in managing their financial stress. The study recommends that an investigation into the outstanding 88.35% of adaptive coping mechanisms which can predict the financial stress of private university students in Ghana.
Comparison of nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine in postoperative sore throat

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) consider a minor ailment in patients receiving general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, seen in 21-65% cases but it causes significant distress and increases postoperative morbidity and patient dissatisfaction. This study was done to compare nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine to treat POST. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind control clinical study. After approval from institution ethical and scientific committee, study was conducted in between May 2015-April 2016. Written and informed consent was obtained from 100 patients of either sex aged between 20-65 years. ASA I-II, undergoing surgery in supine position lasting up to two hour. Patients were randomized into two groups Group K (n=50) nebulized with 50 mg ketamine (1cc) + 3cc NS =4cc, Group KC (n=50) nebulized with ketamine 50mg (1cc) + clonidine 150µg (1cc) + 2cc NS for 15 min, before general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The POST and hemodynamic variable were monitored before nebulization, after nebulization, before induction, on arrival to PACU and at 4, 8, 12, 24 hours post operatively. POST was graded on 4 point scale (0-3). Results: Overall incidence of POST was 46% (Group K-40%, KC-6%). The Incidence and severity of POST were significantly attenuated in Group KC in comparison to Group K at 4 hours (P= 0.002), 8 hours (P=0.000), 12 hours (P= 0.000) and at 24 hours (P=0.000). Conclusions: Preoperative nebulization with clonidine and ketamine mixture compared to ketamine is more effective in dealing with postoperative sore throat with no adverse effects.
Evaluation of advanced selections of strawberry in southern Brazil

Strawberry cultivation is technically considered a complex activity, which demands high inputs in investment and manpower. One of the most relevant technical aspects of this crop is the choice of correct cultivars. A highly fea­sible way to obtain fully adapted genotypes with high production potential and fruit quality is to select the geno­types with best performance in the producing region itself. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ad­vanced selections of strawberry on productive performance, fruit quality and resistance to strawberry leaf spot, powdery mildew and anthracnose, under conditions of the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina State. Eleven genotypes were evaluated, being one commercial cultivar - San Andreas - and ten advanced selections, namely: ITA 12,103-15; ITA 12,103-12; ITA 12,103-22; ITA 10,107-6; ITA 10,107-7; ITA 13,097-05; ITA 10,133-2; ITA 10,128-9; ITA 12,103-6 and ITA 10,107-12. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three repli­cations, and plots constituted by eleven plants. The cultivar San Andreas presented the best results for total (657.06 g plant -1 ) and commercial production (547.77 g plant -1 ), and number of commercial fruits per plant (30.81 fruits plant -1 ). The selections ITA 10,128-9; ITA 10,133-2; ITA 13,097-5; ITA 10,107-7 and ITA 10,107-12 obtained the highest values for soluble solids content, above to 8.5 °Brix, being superior than San Andreas cultivar for this variable. The genotypes ITA 12,103-15 and ITA 10,107-12, on the other hand, were the most resistant to the dis­eases evaluated.
Responses to Reviewer #1’s comments:

Reviewer #1 General comments: This paper adds to a body of studies of the effect of lakes during the North African "Green Sahara" mid-Holocene period. As it is rightly stated, there is still a discussion about which processes have enabled and sustained a relatively humid climate in that region during that period, and besides in particular vegetation, open water is one surface feature that has been proposed as a positive feedback mechanism involved in this interesting period of « recent » climate history. The manuscript does not add fundamentally new insights to this discussion, but as it stands, it is a basis for a useful contribution to this discussion, provided some necessary clarifications. These clarifications are needed in particular with respect to the model setup.
Comparison between autologous blood versus sutured limbal conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery

Objective : To assess the efficacy of securing conjunctival autograft (CAG) without glue or sutures, using the patient’s own blood at the surgical site, and to compare it with using sutures for graft adherence in primary pterygium surgery. Design : Retrospective comparative study Method : The study included 60 eyes of 60 patients with primary pterygium. The mean age was 58 years (range 28 – 80 years). Simple excision under local anesthesia was performed followed by closure of bare sclera by autologous blood conjunctival autograft in 30 eyes of 30 patients (group 1), versus the conventional method of a sutured conjunctival autograft in 30 eyes of 30 patients (group 2). Results : Total graft dislodgement requiring regrafting from another site or reattachment with suture was 3 eyes(10 %) for group 1. During the 1-year follow-up, 2 eyes in group 1(6.67 %) and 3 eyes in group 2 (10 %) developed recurrence. Mean surgical time 18.77 ± 2.27 min. for group 1 and 30.37 ± 3.22 min. for group 2. Conclusion : Autologous blood conjunctival autograft technique is easy, safe and effective. This technique has an acceptable pterygium recurrence rate that is comparable to conventional sutured conjunctival autograft for primary pterygium. Keywords : Pterygium surgery, Autologous blood conjunctival autograft
Analysis of Factors That Influence Financial Statement Fraud In The Perspective Fraud Triangle: Empirical Study on Banking Companies In Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to explain the factors that influence fraudulent financial statements in Indonesian banks. This research takes the banking sector into consideration that banking is one of the industries or the most vulnerable institutions for financial incidents due to the many regulations and financial transactions that occur in the banking sector. This study uses banking data from 2014-2017 with a total sample of 90 banks. Data analysis techniques are carried out using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the pressure proxied by external pressure, which is proxied by free cash flow, has a positive effect on fraudulent financial statements, which means that the greater the free cash flow of the banking sector, the greater the likelihood of fraudulent financial statements. Whereas pressure proxied by financial stability, financial targets, and ineffective monitoring and rationalization and good governance have no effect on fraudulent financial statements.
Sleep Disruption After Brain Injury Is Associated With Worse Motor Outcomes and Slower Functional Recovery

Background. Sleep is important for consolidation of motor learning, but brain injury may affect sleep continuity and therefore rehabilitation outcomes. Objective. This study aims to assess the relationship between sleep quality and motor recovery in brain injury patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation. Methods. Fifty-nine patients with brain injury were recruited from 2 specialist inpatient rehabilitation units. Sleep quality was assessed (up to 3 times) objectively using actigraphy (7 nights) and subjectively using the Sleep Condition Indicator. Motor outcome assessments included Action Research Arm test (upper limb function), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (motor impairment), and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was assessed at admission and discharge by the clinical team. Fifty-five age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed one assessment. Results. Inpatients demonstrated lower self-reported sleep quality (P < .001) and more fragmented sleep (P < .001) than controls. For inpatients, sleep fragmentation explained significant additional variance in motor outcomes, over and above that explained by admission FIM score (P < .017), such that more disrupted sleep was associated with poorer motor outcomes. Using stepwise linear regression, sleep fragmentation was the only variable found to explain variance in rate of change in FIM (R2adj = 0.12, P = .027), whereby more disrupted sleep was associated with slower recovery. Conclusions. Inpatients with brain injury demonstrate impaired sleep quality, and this is associated with poorer motor outcomes and slower functional recovery. Further investigation is needed to determine how sleep quality can be improved and whether this affects outcome.