Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dimethyl Fumarate and Intestine: From Main Suspect to Potential Ally against Gut Disorders

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a well-characterized molecule that exhibits immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and that is currently approved for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Due to its Nrf2-dependent and independent mechanisms of action, DMF has a therapeutic potential much broader than expected. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the state-of-the-art and future perspectives regarding the potential repurposing of DMF in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disorders (i.e., Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and celiac disease. DMF’s mechanisms of action, as well as an exhaustive analysis of the in vitro/in vivo evidence of its beneficial effects on the intestine and the gut microbiota, together with observational studies on multiple sclerosis patients, are here reported. Based on the collected evidence, we highlight the new potential applications of this molecule in the context of inflammatory and immune-mediated intestinal diseases.
The Relationship Between The Polymorphism of Beta A (Βa) Sheet of Inhibin Gene and Semen Characteristics in Holstein Bulls

This study aimed to test a linkage between Inhibin beta A (INHβA) polymorphism and semen quality in Holstein bulls in Iraqi Artificial Insemination Center. The experiment trial was carried out on (12 n) pure Holstein breed bulls. The study period started from January 2022 until February 2022. The Ejaculates were collected and its characteristics were evaluated immediately, additionally, 10 ml of blood were collected from each bull (12 samples) for genomic DNA extraction to determine the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and compared with semen quality. The findings showed the presence of four variants at Exon 2; C (903) T, C (916)Y, G (917)K, and G (966) R in Exon 2 when compared with Gene sequence ID: XM_024990466. 1. Two out of four Exon 2 SNPs were non-sense mutations(C (903) T and G (966) R), while the remains were missense which made the change in Arginine > phenylalanine at position (306). Regarding the volume of ejaculates, the results recorded that non-significant difference was shown in whole alleles of the loci, except in one locus (G (966) R), the bulls that had a wild allele (A) recorded maximum collected volume (p < 0.001). In addition, the bulls that represented wild genotypes showed a significant increase in sperm concentration and both mass and individual motility than mutant genotypes in all loci. Moreover, The results of the dead sperm percentage showed a non-significant correlation between the genotypes of all loci except in C (903) T, which demonstrated the superiority of the wild allele over the mutant. Lastly, the results prevailed that the mutant genotype related to the bad semen quality for the bulls, while, the wild genotypes showed good semen parameters, these results may be due to the effect of SNPs on the expression of INHA or the increase in its activity.
A Laplace Space Approach to American Options

In this paper, we extend the lower-upper bound approximation (LUBA) idea of Broadie and Detemple [Broadie, M. , Detemple, J., (1996) American option valuation: New bounds, approximations, and comparison of existing methods. Review of Financial Studies. 9(4): 1211-1250] to the Laplace space. We construct tight lower and upper bounds for the price of a finite-maturity American option when the underlying stock is modeled by a large class of stochastic processes, for which there exist closed-form expressions for the Laplace transforms of the corresponding “capped (barrier) option prices”. The method is applied to a time-homogeneous diffusion process and a jump diffusion process. The novelty of the method is to first take the Laplace transform of the price of the “capped (barrier) option” with respect to the time to maturity, and then carry out optimization procedures similar as Broadie and Detemple in the Laplace space. Finally we numerically invert the Laplace transforms to obtain the lower bound of the price of the American option, and further utilize the early exercise premium (EEP) representation in the Laplace space to obtain the upper bound. We obtain explicit expressions in the case of the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model (Wong and Zhao) and the double-exponential jump diffusion (DEJD) model (Leippold and Vasiljevic). Numerical examples show that our lower and upper bounds are accurate and efficient compared to results in the literature. To the best of authors’ knowledge, it is the first time that the LUBA idea of Broadie and Detemple is applied to a model with jumps, and this solves an open question stated on page 1181 of Kou and Wang.
Notes on the Centre of Shear

Two methods are known for calculating the position of the shear centre of a bar. By using them we obtain different results. Some authors state that the position of the centre of shear depends on the Poisson ratio, whereas others that it does not. The purpose of this paper is to give a new interpretation for this disagreement.
The fixation line in the Λ -coalescent.

We define a Markov process in a forward population model with backward genealogy given by the -coalescent. This Markov process, called the fixation line, is related to the block counting process through its hitting times. Two applications are discussed. The probability that the n-coalescent is deeper than the (n− 1)-coalescent is studied. The distribution of the number of blocks in the last coalescence of the n-Beta(2−α,α)-coalescent is proved to converge as n→∞, and the generating function of the limiting random variable is computed.
Theoretical Study of the Breathing Mode in Hall Thrusters

A transient 1D numerical uid model of the Hall thruster discharge is gradually simpli ed so as to expose the root phenomena responsible for the breathing mode. In a rst step, a times scale separation procedure is applied from which a quasi-stationary (QS) model is derived where time-dependent terms appear only in the transport of neutrals and in the evolution of the discharge current. The suitability of this QS model is then demonstrated by comparison with the fully time-dependent model. Approximate solutions of the linearized QS model are subsequently sought in the long wave and short wave limits. The very good agreement observed between the short wave approximate frequency and the frequency of the QS model corroborates the predator-prey interpretation, and validates at the same time the improvements brought to the former theory.
Bi-Kappa Proton Mirror and Cyclotron Instabilities in the Solar Wind

The charged particles in the solar wind are often observed to possess a nonthermal tail in the velocity distribution function, a feature that can be fitted with the Kappa model. The anisotropic, or bi-Kappa, model of protons, electrons, and other charged particles is thus adopted in the literature for interpreting the data as well as in the context of the analysis of wave–particle interactions. The present paper develops an approximate but efficient theory of the mirror and cyclotron instabilities excited by the bi-Kappa protons in the solar wind. A velocity moment-based quasi-linear theory of these instabilities is also formulated in order to investigate the saturation behavior. Applications of the formalism are made for instabilities close to the marginally unstable state, which is typical of the solar wind near 1 au.
Thyroid Dose Reconstruction for the Population of Russia after the Chernobyl Accident

The main features of thyroid dose reconstruction after the Chemobyl accident are discussed. The method is also presented taking into account extra-thyroid radiation from other radionuclides distributed inside and on the surface of the human body, and recorded by the equipment simultaneously with 131 I in the thyroid. The choice of the 131 I intake function for thyroid dose estimation and influencing factors is discussed. Reconstruction of an average thyroid dose in settlements without direct measurements was based on the regression analysis of the connection between average 'measured' thyroid dose in settlements and 131 I concentration in milk, or 137 Cs soil contamination, or 134 Cs and 137 Cs whole-body content in residents of the same settlement.
On Drops and Turbulence in Nuclear Fuel Assemblies of Boiling Water Reactors

The study aims to develop the understanding of the mechanistic-type approach to quantify drop deposition in nuclear fuel assemblies of Boiling Water Reactors. This includes the effect of spacers. Spacers have a complex geometry to serve their purposes, but optimization of them alone can improve the thermal limit parameters in nuclear fuel assemblies. Thus, a mechanistic model might prove useful to increase the safety of the reactor as well as economic competitiveness of the nuclear power plant. In this thesis, measurement techniques, such as mobile pressure rod and Laser Doppler Velocimetry are developed and tested to provide local data of the flow around spacers. It is shown experimentally that the effect of spacer on the flow differs depending on the placement of the subchannel in the rod bundle. Partly, because the spacer part differs, but also due to a global velocity profile development. Very few studies in the literature indicate this effect. It is shown that single subchannel models using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can predict the average velocity increase downstream of the spacer; however, they are not capable of calculating the spacer effect on turbulence parameters. The single subchannel CFD model has limited capability to predict the pressure development inside the spacer part, mainly because cross-flows are not taken into consideration. The deposition of drops in annular two-phase flow is still a scientific challenge. Only empirical correlations are used nowadays to quantify this process. Empirical coefficients are needed for each spacer type to calculate the deposition increase due to obstacle. The discussion about the deposition starts with the phenomenological description. The important input parameter, namely drop size, is carefully analysed, and a new correlation is proposed to calculate the mean drop diameter. The correlation is constructed on a larger experimental data base. Lagrangian Particle Tracking model is tested in its capability to calculate deposition. Additionally, a Eulerian-type model is developed and tested. Turbulent parameters of drops are tightly related to the turbulence of the gas phase and the inertia of the drops. Several approaches are discussed about how to calculate the root-mean-square fluctuating velocities of drops. Both, Lagrangian Particle Tracking and the Eulerian-type of models show good capability in calculating the obstacle effect on deposition, providing improvements are made in prediction of drop size. The effect of increased drop concentration plays a large role and it must be taken into consideration if good quantitative approaches are envisaged.
ON ACCUMULATION POINTS OF RATIO SETS OF POSITIVE INTEGERS

[BHP] E. Bombieri, D. C. Hunt, and A. J. van der Poorten, Determinants in the study of Thue's method and curves with prescribed singularities, J. Experimental Mathematics, to appear. [D] C. L. Dodgson, Condensation of Determinants, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 15 (1866), 150-155. [M] P. A. MacMahon, CombinatoryAnalysis, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1918. [reprinted by Chelsea, 1984].
Occurrence and Evolution of Switchbacks in the Inner Heliosphere: Parker Solar Probe Observations

Since its launch in 2018, the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission revealed the presence of numerous fascinating phenomena occurring closer to the Sun, such as the presence of ubiquitous switchbacks (SBs). The SBs are large magnetic field deflections of the local magnetic field relative to a background field. We investigated the statistical properties of the SBs during the first 10 encounters between 13.28 and 58 solar radii (R ⊙) using data from the SWEAP and FIELDS suites on board PSP. We find that the occurrence percentage of small deflections with respect to the Parker spiral decreases with radial distance (R). In contrast, the occurrence percentage of the large deflections (SBs) increases with R, as does the SB patches. We also find that the occurrence of SBs correlates with the bulk velocity of the solar wind, i.e., the higher the solar wind velocity, the higher the SB occurrence. For V sw ≤ 400 km s−1, the SB occurrence percentage shows a constantly increasing trend between 13 and 58 R ⊙. However, for V sw > 400 km s−1, the occurrence percentage saturates beyond 35 R ⊙. The occurrence percentage of mini SB patches (<60 s) shows a decreasing trend with R, while the occurrence percentage of long-duration SB patches (>200 s) increases with R. Sub-Alfvénic regions that we analyzed during Encounters 8–10 have not shown any SBs. This analysis of the PSP data hints that some of the SBs are decaying and some are being created in situ.
White Dwarf Photospheric Abundances in Cataclysmic Variables. III. Five Dwarf Novae with an Evolved Secondary Donor Star

In the last two decades infrared spectroscopy has brought mounting evidence, in the form of weak CO features together with enhanced 13C, of the presence of CNO-processed material in the atmosphere of the donor star of some nonmagnetic cataclysmic variables. Some of these donors also exhibit a temperature too high for their binary orbital period, indicating that they evolved off the main sequence before mass transfer began. The ultraviolet spectra of evolved donor systems exhibit strong N v (λ1240) and the almost complete absence of C iv (λ1550) emission lines. We present here an archival Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectral analysis of five systems containing an evolved donor star. We derive their white dwarf masses, effective temperatures, and photospheric chemical abundances. The [N/C] ratio is very large, of the order 102–103 (in solar units) for the short-period systems V485 Cen, GZ Cet, and QZ Ser, and of the order 20 for the longer-period systems HS 0218 and EY Cyg. Silicon ([S/H]) is solar for GZ Cet and QZ Ser, suprasolar for V485 Cen, and subsolar for HS 0218 and EY Cyg. We also derive abundances of O, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ca, and Fe, which vary from system to system. The abundances we derived are consistent with the more evolved nature of the donor star (metal enriched, hydrogen depleted). It is impossible to confirm hydrogen deficiency for these systems, since at these wavelengths (1100–2000 Å) white dwarf spectra show little dependency on the [He/H] ratio, unless it is extremely large ([He/H] ≫ 1).
The effect of crocin and losartan on TGF-β gene expression and histopathology of kidney tissue in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus that finally leads to complete loss of kidney function. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of crocin and losartan on TGF-β gene expression and histopathology of kidney tissue in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8): Untreated control, Diabetic (D), D + crocin, D + losartan, and D + losartan + crocin. Induction of diabetes was performed using streptozotocin (50 mg/kg/ Intraperitoneal injection). At the end of the eight-week period, the rats were sacrificed. Spectrophotometry measured serum glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels. Microalbumin and creatinine levels were measured in 24-hour urine. Real-time PCR was used to determine the relative expression of the TGF-β gene in kidney tissue. Renal tissue histopathology was also examined. Results: The results showed that hyperglycemia increased biochemical factors associated with diabetes, TGF-β gene expression, and kidney damage. Separate treatment with crocin and losartan led to a decrease in renal function factors and TGF-β gene expression and improved kidney damage. Conclusion: Our results showed that crocin could improve kidney function in diabetic conditions. In addition, we showed that crocin increases the effectiveness of losartan. Consequently, we suggest that crocin in combination with chemical drugs can be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes and its complications. Nonetheless, human studies are needed to make firm findings.
Tunable electronic structure of heterosite FePO4: an in-depth structural study and polaron transport

The development of better electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries has been intensively investigated both due to their fundamental scientific aspects as well as their usefulness in technological applications. The present technological development of rechargeable batteries is hindered by fundamental challenges, such as low energy and power density, short lifespan, and sluggish charge transport kinetics. Among the various anode materials proposed, heterosite FePO4 (h-FP) has been found to intercalate lithium and sodium ion hosts to obtain novel rechargeable batteries. The h-FP has been obtained via the delithiation of triphylite LiFePO4 (LFP), and its structural and electronic properties have been investigated with different crystallite sizes. The synchrotron XRD measurements followed by Rietveld refinement analysis reveal lattice expansion upon the reduction of crystallite size of h-FP. In addition, the decrease in the crystallite size enhances surface energy contributions, thereby creating more oxygen vacancies up to 2% for 21 nm crystallite size. The expansion in the lattice parameters is reflected in the vibrational properties of the h-FP structure, where the red-shift has been observed in the characteristic modes upon the reduction of crystallite size. The local environment of the transition metal ion and its bonding characteristics have been elucidated through soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with the effect of crystallite size. XAS unequivocally reveals the valence state of iron 3d electrons near the Fermi level, which is susceptible to local lattice distortion and uncovers the detailed information on the evolution of electronic states with crystallite size. The observed local lattice distortion has been considered to be as a result of the decrease in the level of covalency between the Fe-3d and O-2p states. Further, we demonstrate the structural advantages of nanosized h-FP on the transport properties, where an enhancement in the polaronic conductivity with decreasing crystallite size has been observed. The polaronic conduction mechanism has been analyzed and discussed on the basis of the Mott model of polaron conduction along with an insightful analysis on the role of the electronic structure. The present study provides spectroscopic results on the anode material that reveal the evolution of electronic states for fingerprinting, understanding, and optimizing it for advanced rechargeable battery operations.
Erector Spinae Plane Block as an Analgesic Intervention in Acute Rib Fractures: A Scoping Review

Introduction Rib fractures are a common sequelae of chest trauma and are associated with significant morbidity. The erector spinae nerve block (ESB) has been proposed as an alternative first-line regional technique for rib fractures due to ease of administration and minimal complication profile. We aimed to investigate the current literature surrounding this topic with a focus on pain and respiratory outcomes. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed on the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Keywords of “erector spinae block” and “rib fractures” were used to form the search strategy. Papers published in English investigating ESB as an analgesic intervention for acute rib fracture were included. Exclusion criteria were operative rib fixation, or where the indication for ESB was not rib fracture. Results There were 37 studies which met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Of these, 31 studies reported on pain outcomes and demonstrated a 40% decrease in pain scores post administration within the first 24 hours. Respiratory parameters were reported in 8 studies where an increase in incentive spirometry was demonstrated. Respiratory complication was not consistently reported. ESB was associated with minimal complications; only 5 cases of haematoma and infection were (incidence 0.6%) reported, none of which required further intervention. Discussion Current literature surrounding ESB in rib fracture management provides a positive qualitative evaluation of efficacy and safety. Improvements in pain and respiratory parameters were almost universal. The notable outcome from this review was the improved safety profile of ESB. The ESB was not associated with complications requiring intervention even in the setting of anticoagulation and coagulopathy. There still remains a paucity of large cohort, prospective data. Moreover, no current studies reflect an improvement in respiratory complication rates compared to current techniques. Taken together, these areas should be the focus of any future research.
Sevoflurane Improves Ventricular Conduction by Exosomes Derived from Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts After Hypothermic Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Purpose This study investigated the effect of exosomes derived from sevoflurane-treated cardiac fibroblasts (Sev-CFs-Exo) on reperfusion arrhythmias (RA), ventricular conduction, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Methods Primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from the hearts of neonatal rats and identified by morphology and immunofluorescence. Exosomes were isolated from CFs at passages 2–3 after they had been treated with 2.5% sevoflurane for an hour and cultivated for 24–48 hours. The control group was CFs that did not receive any treatment. The hypothermic global ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established using the Langendorff perfusion technique following injection with exosomes through the caudal vein. Multi-electrode array (MEA) mapping was used to investigate the changes in RA and ventricular conduction in isolated hearts. Western blots and immunofluorescence were used to examine the relative expression and location of connexin 43 (Cx43). In addition, the MIRI was evaluated with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Results The primary CFs had a variety of morphologies, no spontaneous pulsation, and were vimentin-positive, which confirmed their successful isolation. Sev-CFs-Exo increased the heart rate (HR) at reperfusion for 15 minutes (T2) and 30 minutes (T3) and lowered the score and duration of RA and the time for restoration of heartbeat in reperfusion. Meanwhile, Sev-CFs-Exo increased conduction velocity (CV), decreased absolute inhomogeneity (P5-95) and inhomogeneity index (P5-95/P50) at T2 and T3, as well as promoted the recovery of HR, CV, P5-95 and P5-95/P50 after hypothermic global ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, Sev-CFs-Exo raised expression and reduced lateralization of Cx43, and improved myocardial infarct sizes and cellular necrosis. However, while cardiac fibroblast-derived exosomes (CFs-Exo) showed similar cardioprotective effects, the outcomes were not as significant. Conclusion Sevoflurane reduces the risk of RA and improves ventricular conduction and MIRI by CFs-Exo, and this may be driven by the expression and location of Cx43.