Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breakup of Pangaea and plate kinematics of the central Atlantic and Atlas regions

SUMMARY A new central Pangaea fit (type A) is proposed for the late Ladinian (230 Ma), together with a plate motions model for the subsequent phases of rifting, continental breakup and initial spreading in the central Atlantic. This model is based on: (1) a reinterpretation of the process of formation of the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly along the eastern margin of North America and the corresponding magnetic anomalies at the conjugate margins of northwest Africa and the Moroccan Meseta; (2) an analysis of major rifting events in the central Atlantic, Atlas and central Mediterranean and (3) a crustal balancing of the stretched margins of North America, Moroccan Meseta and northwest Africa. The process of fragmentation of central Pangaea can be described by three major phases spanning the time interval from the late Ladinian (230 Ma) to the Tithonian (147.7 Ma). During the first phase, from the late Ladinian (230 Ma) to the latest Rhaetian (200 Ma), rifting proceeded along the eastern margin of North America, the northwest African margin and the High, Saharan and Tunisian Atlas, determining the formation of a separate Moroccan microplate at the interface between Gondwana and Laurasia. During the second phase, from the latest Rhaetian (200 Ma) to the late Pliensbachian (185 Ma), oceanic crust started forming between the East Coast and Blake Spur magnetic anomalies, whereas the Morrocan Meseta simply continued to rift away from North America. During this time interval, the Atlas rift reached its maximum extent. Finally, the third phase, encompassing the time interval from the late Pliensbachian (185 Ma) to chron M21 (147.7 Ma), was triggered by the northward jump of the main plate boundary connecting the central Atlantic with the Tethys area. Therefore, as soon as rifting in the Atlas zone ceased, plate motion started along complex fault systems between Morocco and Iberia, whereas a rift/drift transition occurred in the northern segment of the central Atlantic, between Morocco and the conjugate margin of Nova Scotia. The inversion of the Atlas rift and the subsequent formation of the Atlas mountain belt occurred during the Oligocene–early Miocene time interval. In the central Atlantic, this event was associated with higher spreading rates of the ridge segments north of the Atlantis FZ. An estimate of 170 km of dextral offset of Morocco relative to northwest Africa, in the central Atlantic, is required by an analysis of marine magnetic anomalies. Five plate tectonic reconstructions and a computer animation are proposed to illustrate the late Triassic and Jurassic process of breakup of Pangaea in the central Atlantic and Atlas regions.
The Role of China Douyin Short Video App During COVID-19

: As of September 2021, COVID-19 is still seriously impacting people globally. To better control the epidemic, the Chinese government adopted a nationwide quarantine policy at the early stage of the discovery of COVID-19, which has significantly changed people's production and life. China’s Douyin app (International version: TikTok) is an extremely influential entertainment and social tool. During COVID-19, a large number of short videos about COVID-19 appeared. Publishers included government agencies, professionals, and self-media. The content released has made Douyin a tool for people to receive COVID-19 information in addition to entertainment and social functions. This is a quantitative study. By exploring the impact of the Douyin app on Chinese college students during COVID-19, this study provides suggestions from the level of social media such as TikTok to enable Korea's epidemic prevention to be more effective. This study established variable questions such as Douyin's information perceived value, information usage channels, information awareness, anti-epidemic policy attitude, trust of public institution and preventive behavioral intention, and conducted a questionnaire survey. Using SPSS to analyze the obtained data, this study found that: 1. The short video information usage channels about COVID-19 in Douyin have a positive impact on the audience’s information awareness; 2. The information perceived value in Douyin has a positive impact on the audience’s information awareness; 3. Information awareness and trust of public institution in Douyin have a positive impact on the audience’s anti-epidemic policy attitude; 4. Information awareness and trust of public institutions in Douyin have a positive impact on the audience’s preventive behavioral intention; 5. The audience's anti-epidemic policy attitude has a positive effect on preventive behavioral intention.
Erosion of soft cohesive sediment deposits

Erosion behavior of soft cohesive sediment deposits has been investigated in laboratory experiments. Such deposits are representative of the top, active layer of estuarial beds. An experimental procedure involving layer by layer erosion under a range of bed shear stresses, τb, of successively increasing magnitude was utilized. Interpretation of the resulting concentrationtime data together with bed density profiles yielded a description of the variation of the bed shear strength, τs, with depth as well as an expression for the rate of surface erosion. In general, τs increased with depth and was also influenced by the type of sediment, bed consolidation period and salinity. The rate of erosion was found to vary exponentially with (τb-τs)1/2. In modeling estuarial bed erosion, it is essential to take these characteristics of τs and the rate of erosion into account.
Entrapment of macroplankton in an Arctic fjord basin, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

This paper presents the results of 15 zooplankton tows collected with a Tucker Trawl (1 m2 opening, net of 2 mm mesh size) in Kongsfjorden (79◦N), Svalbard archipelago. The hydroacoustic survey revealed clear differences between the plankton concentrations in the outer and inner fjord basins. Plankton concentrations and fish were observed in the outer fjord, while uniformly scattered objects were detected in the inner basin. The macroplankton community was dominated by Euphausiacea (Thysanoessa inermis, Thysanoessa rashii), Amphipoda (Themisto libellula) and Pteropoda (Limacina helicina). Other taxa were of minor numerical importance. The macroplankton abundance reached 3300 indiv. 100−1 m−3 with a maximum biomass of 100 g wet weight 100−1 m−3 (over 440 kJ 100−1 m−3). L. helicina was advected into the fjord with surface waters, and was found in large * The present study is part of BIODAFF (The Biodiversity and Fluxes in Arctic Glaciated Fjords Project), funded in part by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research, grant PO4–95–09. 58 J.M. Weslawski, G. Pedersen, S. F. Petersen, K. Porazinski abundance (1000 indiv. 100−1 m−3) in the subsurface layers of the inner basin. Euphausids were present in small numbers at the entrance to the fjord, but were found to be very abundant (600 indiv. 100−1 m−3) at the innermost stations, especially in the surface water layer. The estuarine circulation driven by the glacial meltwater discharge is believed to cause the entrapment of zooplankton in the inner fjord basin.
Coronavirus Pandemic Factors associated with deaths from COVID-19 in a region of northeastern Brazil

Introduction: There is a need to improve knowledge and understanding of the factors associated with mortality from COVID-19 so that managers and decision-makers can implement strategies to mitigate and control the severe forms of the disease. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with deaths from COVID-19 in the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who died from March 2020 to January 2022. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between clinical-epidemiological characteristics and death. The odds ratios were expressed using a 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 386,567 cases of COVID-19 were registered in the period, of which 10,986 died. Risk factors associated with deaths from COVID-19 were male sex, age over 30 years, positive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result, positive CT scan, and having one or more associated comorbidities. The three comorbidities linked to the highest propensity to die were diabetes mellitus, neurological disease, and obesity. Conclusions: The study findings support the implementation of strategic actions by health care and surveillance professionals and managers towards reducing the incidence of the risk factors for mortality by COVID-19 in Maranhão.
Homology modeling of clinically-relevant rilpivirine-resistant HIV-RT variants identifies novel rilpivirine analogs with retained binding affinity against NNRTI-resistant HIV mutations

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which affects tens of millions of individuals worldwide, can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Though there is currently no cure for HIV, the development of small molecule antiretroviral agents has greatly improved the prognosis of infected individuals, especially in developed countries. In particular, compounds such as rilpivirine have been developed as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), which allosterically target the reverse transcriptase enzyme in the retrovirus. However, mutations to the reverse transcriptase enzyme threaten to undermine the efficacy of this class of antivirals. Recent advances in computational biophysical modeling enable the structural analyses of such variants without the complications of obtaining crystal structures. Here, we employ homology modeling and molecular docking towards the identification of novel rilpivirine analogs that retain high binding affinity to clinically relevant rilpivirine-resistant mutations of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme.
The value of reputation in outside director appointments

This study examines director reputation using a sample of outside director ap-pointments. Relative to existing literature, we uniquely focus on outside director appointments involving CEO award winners in order to capture the value of reputation. Exploiting the award-induced increase in a director’s reputation, we ﬁnd evidence of an short-term reputation premium. Investors attach a premium of roughly 2% to the appointment of a CEO award winner to the board of di-rectors. Looking at long-term performance following appointments, however, we ﬁnd no evidence of abnormal returns. Our ﬁndings thus question whether star directors help contribute to the long-run success of a ﬁrm.
Characterizing the Effects of Common UGT1A6 and UGT1A1 Polymorphisms on Cis and Trans Resveratrol Glucuronidation

The dietary polyphenol resveratrol exists as cis and trans isomers with known stereospecific and stereoselective glucuronidation at the 3 and 4' positions by distinct UGT1A isoforms. We examined cis -resveratrol glucuronidation in various protein sources. UGT1A6 or UGT1A1 genotype-dependent cis or trans -resveratrol glucuronidation respectively was further determined. Cis -resveratrol exhibited partial substrate inhibition in UGT1A6 Supersomes™ and HEK293 cells over-expressing genetically variant UGT1A6 alleles. Cells expressing UGT1A6*4 had the highest activity with a V max of 612 ± 27.36 nmol/min/mg, followed by UGT1A6*3. The *2 allozyme had a higher V max (1.6 fold) and K m (1.9 fold) than *1. In 51 human liver samples genotyped for UGT1A6, 4 alleles (frequencies) were identified as *1 (0.58), *2 (0.36), *3 (0.01) and *4 (0.05) leading to assignment of the following genotypes (frequencies) - *1/*1 (0.29), *1/*2 (0.45), *1/*3 (0.02), *1/*4 (0.10) and *2/*2 (0.14). Up to five-fold variability in trans - resveratrol glucuronidation was observed in individual liver samples. In livers stratified by UGT1A6 genotype, a significant difference in cis -resveratrol glucuronidation activity ( p <0.05) was seen between the *2 variants compared with homozygous *1 livers. Trans -resveratrol glucuronidation was quantitated in a human liver bank genotyped for the UGT1A1 TATA box repeat polymorphism. There was no significant difference for formation of R3G. Surprisingly, R4’G formation was higher in livers with the 7/7
Relationships of lead isotopes among granites, pegmatites, and sulfide ores near Balmat, New York

The isotopic composition of lead from potassium feldspars of granite and pegmatites and from galena of near-by sulfide ores near Balmat, New York, was measured. Mineral ages have been measured by the Rb-Sr and K-Ar methods on potassium feldspars and associated micas. The best Rb-Sr age is 1100 m.y. , and the K-Ar age is in good agreement at 1000 m.y. There is no evidence of any metamorphism of these rocks subsequent to the billion-year event. Lead in the feldspars is slightly more radiogenic than the lead in the galena. The ores could not have been derived from the near-by igneous rocks unless lead had been added to the potassium feldspars of the igneous rocks subsequent to the formation of the ores. The potassium feldspars and ore galenas each have lead with isotopic constitutions that lie close to the normal growth curves for conformable lead ores. In addition, the model lead ages for the potassium-feldspar leads of these syntectonic granites and pegmatites are in fair agreement with the radioactive ages. The reproducibility of the lead isotope measurements is established from sixteen analyses of a shelf lead and duplicate determinations of each sample. The data are corrected for discrimination by the electron multiplier through analyses of gravimetric mixtures of enriched isotopes of Pb206 and Pb208.
A Numerical Sensitivity Study of the Influence of Siberian Snow on the Northern Annular Mode

AbstractThe climate version of the general circulation model Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle (ARPEGE-Climat) is used to explore the relationship between the autumn Siberian snow and the subsequent winter northern annular mode by imposing snow anomalies over Siberia. As the model presents some biases in the representation of the polar vortex, a nudging methodology is used to obtain a more realistic but still interactive extratropical stratosphere in the model. Free and nudged sensitivity experiments are compared to discuss the dependence of the results on the northern stratosphere climatology. For each experiment, a positive snow mass anomaly imposed from October to March over Siberia leads to significant impacts on the winter atmospheric circulation in the extratropics. In line with previous studies, the model response resembles the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation. The well-documented stratospheric pathway between snow and the Arctic Oscillation operates in the nudged experiment.
Social Adjustment among Students with Negative Body-Image: The Roles of Parenting Processes and Self Esteem

The social adjustment strategy in interacting with others determines an individual's success. This study examined the influence of parenting processes and self-esteem as correlates of social adjustment of students with negative body-image. The descriptive research design of the correlational type was used in this study. A total of 96 adolescents with negative body image participated in the study (42.7% male, 57.3% female). The data for this study were gathered using three reliable and standardized instruments: The Parenting Behavior and Dimension Questionnaire (α = .87), the Self-Esteem Inventory (α = .85)
The Implementation of Slow Motion Learning Media on Forward-Roll Learning Achievement

Study Purpose . The use of learning media has a role in the learning process. The use of appropriate media can improve student learning achievement. This study aimed to determine the effect of slow-motion learning media on forward-roll learning achievement. Materials and methods . This research was a quantitative descriptive research in the form of a quasi-experimental. The population in this study was all classes of V at SDN Balonggabus with the sample used, namely 31 students. This research was conducted 4 times. The data collection technique used was the learning achievement test instrument. The analysis technique used was descriptive, normality test, and hypothesis testing to prove the influence of learning media on student learning achievement. Results. Based on the analysis results, the results showed that there was influence as evidenced by the hypothesis test results of 0.00, which means <0.05. Conclussion. Concluded that there was a significant influence of the application of slow-motion learning media on learning achievement of forward roll.
First report of epibiont communities on narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Decapoda: Astacidae) from Shiyan Dam reservoir, western Iran

This study investigates epibiont communities, including both protozoan and metazoan species, associated with Astacus leptodactylus in the Shiyan Dam reservoir situated in the Kermanshah province of western Iran. A total of 220 crayfish were collected for comprehensive parasitological surveys, targeting various body parts, including the gills, exoskeleton, mouth cavity, and internal organs. Protozoan species identified included Cothurnia sieboldii , Chilodonella sp. , Vorticella similis , Zoothamnium sp. , and Pyxicola annulata . In the metazoan category, notable species consisted of Branchiobdella kozarovi (Annelida), Philodina acuticornis (Rotatoria), Rabdochona sp. (Nematoda), and Mesocyclops strennus (Copepoda). P. acuticornis exhibited the highest prevalence among gill epibionts at 18.2%, while Chilodonella sp. showed the lowest prevalence at 0.9%. The study also revealed seasonal variations, with the highest infestation occurring in spring (82%), and the lowest in winter (24%). This research presents the first documented evidence of epibionts on A. leptodactylus in western Iran.
Climate Change: Greenhouse Forecasting Still Cloudy

A year and a half ago, an international panel suggested that global warming had arrived. But as negotiators prepare to gather in Bonn in July to discuss a climate treaty that could require nations to adopt expensive policies for limiting emissions of greenhouse gases, many climate experts caution that it is not at all clear yet that human activities have begun to warm the planet--or how bad greenhouse warming will be when it arrives.
Interannual Variations of Subsurface Spiciness in the Philippine Sea: Observations and Mechanism

The Philippine Sea (PS) is a key region connecting North Pacific subtropics to the equator via western boundary currents. Using available measurements from Argo profiling floats, satellite altimeters, and research surveys, the authors investigate the characteristics and mechanism of subsurface spiciness variability (represented by salinity changes between 23.5 and 24.5 sigma(theta)) in the PS. During the past decade, low-frequency salinity variability was dominated by interannual signals characterized by out-of-phase changes between the southern and northern PS with peak-to-peak amplitudes exceeding 0.1 psu. These salinity anomalies are mainly generated locally by anomalous cross-front geostrophic advections. In 2003, an anomalous cyclonic circulation developed in the PS, which transported greater (less) than normal high-salinity North Pacific Tropical Water to the northern (southern) PS and produced positive (negative) salinity anomalies there. In 2009, an anomalous anticyclone emerged, which produced negative (positive) salinity anomalies in the northern (southern) PS. These year-to-year variations are closely associated with ENSO cycle. During strong El Nino (La Nina) episodes, positive (negative) wind stress curl anomalies between 8 degrees and 18 degrees N evoke westward-propagating upwelling (downwelling) Rossby waves in the central Pacific and positive (negative) anomalous Ekman pumping in the western Pacific, resulting in the observed current and salinity changes in the PS. Further analysis suggests that these locally generated spiciness anomalies disperse quickly while propagating to the equatorial Pacific in the Mindanao Current (MC). In the meantime, anomalies advected from higher latitudes are nearly diminished upon reaching the PS. The western boundary of the North Pacific seems quite efficient in damping extratropical signals.
Temperature dependent climate projection deficiencies in CMIP5 models

Monthly mean temperatures for 34 GCMs available from the CMIP5 project are compared with observations from CRU for 26 different land regions covering all major land areas in the world for the period 1961–2000 by means of quantile‐quantile (q‐q) diagrams. A warm period positive temperature dependent bias is identified for many of the models within many of the chosen climate regions. However, the exact temperature dependence varies considerably between the models. We analyse the role of this difference as a contributing factor for some models to project stronger regional warming than others by looking at the entire ensemble rather than individual models. RCP4.5 temperature projections from all GCMs for two time periods (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) are compared against a linear fit to the 50% warmest months from the respective q‐q plot for each model and region. Taken together, we find that in general models with a positive temperature dependent bias tend to have a large projected temperature change, and these tendencies increase with increasing global warming level. We argue that this appears to be linked with the ability of models to capture complex feedbacks accurately. In particular land‐surface atmosphere interactions are treated differently and with different degree of realism between models.
A similarity framework to assess controls on shallow subsurface flow dynamics in hillslopes

An understanding of the dominant controls on water fluxes through landscapes at scales smaller than the resolution of a hydrologic model is useful for choosing appropriate parameterizations, and for developing a classification system for landscape hydrology. The links between these controls and the parameters in hillslope‐scale models of subsurface lateral saturated flow have been treated implicitly in both physical (e.g., Characteristic Response Function) and empirical formulations, such as power law storage‐discharge relations. In particular, the controls exerted by the boundary condition at the toe of the hilslope and the temporal variability of the recharge have not been integrated with the understanding of the controls of topography and soil properties. In this work, we develop a dimensionless similarity framework for assessing these controls on the subsurface flow dynamics, based on the Boussinesq equation in an idealized hillslope system. Using this framework we demonstrate the relationship between (1) the exponents of the storage‐discharge relations, (2) the boundary conditions and (3) the characteristic storage thickness used in the Characteristic Response Function parameterization. We use the concept of hydrologic regimes to incorporate information about the population of recharge events that drive the system and set up the initial condition of saturated storage for each storm event. The analysis demonstrates that for planar hillslopes with uniform soil properties, exponents range between 0 (when the flow through the hillslope is dominated by the topographic gradients, and is in the early stages of draining) and 2 (when the flow is driven by water table gradients, and the thickness of the aquifer at the seepage face is small compared to the average thickness). The similarity framework can be used to make first‐order predictions of these exponents, and classify hillslopes using a simple typology of subsurface flows based on two components of the behavior: the relative dominance of the topographic and water‐table gradients, and the responsiveness of the hillslope discharge to temporal variability of the recharge inputs.