Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for the estimation of water-levels using river cameras

Abstract. River level estimation is a critical task required for the understanding of flood events, and is often complicated by the scarcity of available data. Recent studies have proposed to take advantage of large networks of river camera images to estimate the river levels, but currently, the utility of this approach remains limited as it requires a large amount of manual intervention (ground topographic surveys and water image annotation). We develop an approach using an automated water semantic segmentation method to ease the process of river level estimation from river camera images. Our method is based on the application of a transfer learning methodology to deep semantic neural networks designed for water segmentation. Using datasets of image series extracted from four river cameras and manually annotated for the observation of a flood event on the Severn and Avon rivers, UK (21 November–5 December 2012), we show that our algorithm is able to automate the annotation process with an accuracy greater than 91 %. Then, we apply our approach to year-long image series from the same cameras observing the Severn and Avon (from 1 June 2019 to 31 May 2020) and compare our results with nearby river-gauge measurements. Given the high correlation (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient > 0.94) between our results and the river-gauge measurements, it is clear that our approach to automation of the water segmentation on river camera images could allow for straightforward, inexpensive observation of flood events, especially at ungauged locations.
Productive assessment and energy balance of a horizontal grinder of forest residues recovered from full tree pine harvesting

ABSTRACT Diversifying the Brazilian energy matrix by using residual biomass from planted forests requires searching for harvest technologies with sustainable applications. The aim of this study was to access the productive assessment and energy balance of grinding forest residues from full tree pine harvesting using a horizontal grinder in Brazil. A time study and moisture measurement were carried out at 15-year-old Pinus taeda L. stands located in the Santa Catarina State to determine mechanical delay, utilization rate, productivity per productive machine hour and production of a horizontal grinder in which energy balance was also calculated. For these variables, non-parametric bootstrap was performed, resampling a thousand times with replacement and producing new random samples, to calculate bias and confidence intervals at a 95% probability level. Non-working time consumed most of the scheduled machine hours, with only 46% being considered as working time. This was caused by the horizontal grinder’s travel time and time spent waiting for the transport vehicles. The horizontal grinder’s average productivities were 59 Mg per productive machine hour and 219 Mg per shift, considering the low machine utilization. The energy contained in the woodchips is 126.6 times higher than the energy consumed by the grinder, but this calculation only considers the grinding phase and excludes transport to the mill as well as the previous steps of stacking at the side of the field. The sustainability of this production is confirmed as the amount of energy consumed represents a small part of the potential present in the recovered forest residues.
Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop

Two plot experiments in two consecutive years were conducted to compare spring triticale varieties to spring barley and spring wheat varieties to produce whole crop cereals for ruminants. In the first year, triticale varieties Nagano and Nilex, barley varieties Kaarle and Trekker and the wheat variety Helmi were studied. In the second year, the triticale varieties Bikini and Somtri and the barley variety Armas were also used. The crops were harvested at the early dough stage of ripening. A treatment with reduced fertilizer and seed rates were included to study their effects on the development of the undersown ley, but such effects could not be demonstrated. The triticale varieties except for Bikini produced high dry matter yields. The highest ear:stem ratio and pepsin-cellulase solubility in the ear were found in the barley varieties Armas and Kaarle, but the digestibility of the whole crop was not improved because of low pepsin-cellulase solubility of the stems or leaves. All the studied varieties were suitable for whole crop production. The production costs of the different types of whole crop silage were fairly similar.
Epidemiology and Injury Characteristic Between Bicycle and Motorcycle Under 19 Population: South Korea

ObjectivesBicycles and motorcycles are the main means of transportation and leisure for those under the age of 19 in South Korea. We aimed to identify epidemiology of injuries and to determine the injury characteristics and clinical outcomes of two-wheel vehicle-related accidents in individuals under the age of 19.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort and data, acquired from the National Emergency Department Information System, was collected from 401 emergency departments (EDs) between January 2016 and December 2018. We included injured patients aged < 19 years who experienced injuries while driving two-wheeled vehicles.Results We enrolled 54,342 two-wheel vehicle injury patients in the study (37,410 bicycle and 16,932 motorcycle-related), of which, males comprised 86.8% (bicycle) and 94.9% (motorcycle). External and extremity injuries were the most common injuries. ED mortality was 9 (0.0%) for bicycle injury and 53 (0.3%) in motorcycle injury. 3,346 (8.9%) patients with bicycle injuries and 4,096 (24.2%) with motorcycle injuries were hospitalised. Bicycle-related injuries included fractures in the clavicle (10.9%), humerus (13.4%), and forearm (25.4%). Motorcycle-related injuries included fractures in the pelvic ring (2.0%), acetabular (0.9%), femoral (10.2%), patellar (1.8%), tibiofibular (11.5%) and foot (7.5%). The mean ISS score of hospitalised patients was 12.0 ± 12.6 in bicycle-related injury and 17.6 ± 15.4 in motorcycle-related injury. The number of hospitalised bicycle injury patients with ISS > 16 of was 922 (27.6%), and that of hospitalised motorcycle injury patients with ISS > 16 was 1,850 (45.2%). The mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 191.5. 8 ± 224.2 hours in bicycle injury, while the mean LOS for motorcycle injury was 359.6 ± 416.7 hours. Hospital mortality cases were 6 (0.2%) with bicycle injury and 49 (1.2%) with motorcycle injury. Conclusions In the under-19 population, two-wheel vehicle-related injuries had a low mortality rate and occurred predominantly in males. Motorcycle injuries were higher in patients aged over 16 and were associated with higher ISS (>16), ICU admissions, and mortality rates than bicycle injuries. Bicycle accidents mainly caused upper limb fractures, while motorcycle accidents mainly caused lower limb fractures. Preventive measures according to each means and age group are required.
The implications of the recently recognized mid-20th century shift in the Earth system

Satellite observations offering detailed records of global environmental change are only available from 1979. Emerging studies combining high-quality instrumental and natural observations highlight that the Earth system experienced a substantial shift across the mid-20th century, one that appears to have taken place before the Great Acceleration of human activities from the 1950s. These new results have far-reaching implications for understanding ice-ocean-atmospheric interactions in the Anthropocene and highlight the urgent need for drastic cuts in carbon emissions to limit the impact of future warming.
The Evolution of Chinese Angels: Social Ties and Institutional Development

Informed by Mike Wright’s insight on entrepreneurial finance research problems, we examine how Chinese angel finance has evolved with institutional changes over two decades. Our longitudinal cases explore the changing roles of personal ties within strengthening regulatory institutions. Rather than the diminishing role anticipated, we found that personal ties remained vital for investment decisions. Although the improved regulatory environment influenced the extent and volume of investment, encouraging greater and longer investments, personal ties still informed decisions. We conclude that angel finance practice has evolved to match the changing Chinese environment. Social ties no longer comprehensively determine investment decisions. Instead, personal ties complement the improving environment. The trust embodied in ties continues to facilitate deal-making by quick decisions and simple contracts. Importantly, we noted how trust reshaped moral hazards and agency problems through the moral obligations of ties. Thus, trust in the individual took more account of the business, but remained centred on personal integrity. We also found that ties with government officials, historically vital in uncertain environments, had become much less important as confidence in the regulatory regime improved. The paper contributes to our understanding of institutions and practices. It highlights culture’s continuing role by addressing Mike Wright’s concerns and using his guidance.
Overland tourists’ natural soundscape perceptions: influences on experience, satisfaction, and electronic word-of-mouth

ABSTRACT The natural soundscape is an under-researched topic of study in tourism literature. More so, research lacks empirical examination on the antecedents and outcomes of natural soundscape perceptions. Drawing on the extant literature, the present study investigates the interplay of tourist engagement, soundscape perceptions, memorable tourism experiences (MTEs), satisfaction and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM). Using responses from 221 overland tourists in African destinations who posted their experiences on Instagram, the study employs partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling to test the relationships. The results reveal that engagement positively influenced natural soundscape perceptions, which, in turn, positively influenced memorable tourism experiences, satisfaction, and e-WOM. Also, MTEs predicted satisfaction and e-WOM. The results did not support the antecedent effects of engagement on memorable tourism experiences, nor of satisfaction on e-WOM. The paper discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and suggests areas for further research.
Physicochemical and sensory analysis of salted cereals bars developed with vegetables rich in carotenoids

Cereal bars are very appreciated by Brazilian consumers, especially because they are practical food with diverse flavors and compositions. They are easy to carry, do not need refrigeration, and can be a source of nutrients. However, salty cereal bars are not explored by food industries, and new formulations using healthier raw materials, such as rich in carotenoids vegetables, should be studied, especially concerning the acceptance of these new products by consumers. This study aimed to develop salted cereal bars with the addition of vegetables rich in carotenoids (dried tomato, dehydrated carrot and fresh kale). The physicochemical composition, texture analysis, and sensory acceptance were evaluated. Formulations with dried tomato and carrot were classified as a source of protein, while the cereal bars elaborated with kale can be classified as high protein content. The addition of cheese did not influence (p >0.05) the hardness parameter in texture analysis. Samples added of dried tomato showed the highest concentrations of total carotenoids. In the sensory analysis, the addition of the cheese layer only increased the color acceptance for the kale cereals bar (p<0.05). For the other sensory attributes, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between samples with or without cheese for the same flavor. The dried tomato and carrot cereal bars were the most accepted and did not differ statistically (p > 0.05) for all the attributes. Therefore, it was possible to develop salted cereal bars with the addition of vegetables rich in carotenoids and obtain good nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics.
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of turkish propolis and characterization of phenolic profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity

Propolis is a complex bee product that honey bees (Apis mellifera) produce from the exudates of various plants, buds, wax, pollen, leaf pieces, and sprouts after subjecting some enzymatic changes. In recent years, propolis has attracted attention in the search for natural products to develop new drugs and healthy foods. Many compounds have been isolated from propolis, aromatic acids, esters, chalcones, phenolic compounds (Nna et al., 2018; Pobiega et al., 2019).
Political Values and Political Trust in the Digital Era: How Media Engagement Divides Chinese Netizens

Abstract China’s rapid modernization has generated a vibrant online community over the past 20 years. While there is an established body of work on the impact of traditional media on political opinion in China, the patterns and political impact of media engagement among tens of millions of Chinese ‘netizens’ remain under-researched. Using data from the 2015 Chinese Netizens Attitudes Survey, this paper attempts to ameliorate this issue. The results of latent class analysis suggested that most Chinese netizens tend to be active followers of social media and to display low levels of interest in state media. We found that respondents in the online survey were overall much more critical of political institutions on different levels comparing to existing findings based on offline surveys. Those netizens who were strongly attached to social media appeared to be significantly less likely to advocate authoritarian, collectivist, and nationalistic values and to display much lower levels of political trust, whereas the opposite was true of those who were strongly attached to state media. These findings suggest that social media serves as an incubator for critical political reviews and liberal values in China’s online communities, challenging the influence of traditional state-sanctioned media.
Optimization of Alcalase hydrolysis conditions for production of Dagaa ( Rastrineobola argentea ) Protein hydrolysate with antioxidative properties

Enzymatic conditions; stirring speed, pH, temperature, enzyme substrate (ES) ratio, solvent ratio, reaction time; for Dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea) hydrolysis by Alcalase 2.4L® were optimized. This was done to guarantee maximum enzyme activity, minimized losses and subsequent maximized product yield. This study showed optimized hydrolysis conditions to be fixed at minimum stirring speed (overhead stirrer, Stuart, UK), pH 7, 56°C, ES ratio of 2% (v/w) and solvent ratio of 0.5% (v/w) for 6 h. At these combined optimal conditions, Alcalase 2.4L®Dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea) hydrolysis resulted in 71% protein recovery with 83% degree of hydrolysis. These findings substantiated the use of Dagaa which proved to be a relatively good substrate for protein hydrolysate production.
Topics to talk about. The effects of political topics and issue ownership on user engagement with politicians’ Facebook posts during the 2018 Hungarian general election

ABSTRACT This study investigates the political topics that triggered user engagement on candidates’ Facebook pages during the 2018 Hungarian general election campaign on a full dataset of politicians’ communication by using automated content analysis approaches. We have limited knowledge on what topics spread well on Facebook. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the engagement-triggering effects of prominent topics of the 2018 Hungarian election campaign. It hypothesizes that salient issues (immigration and corruption) and campaign-related posts will obtain more user reaction, while policy topics and mobilization-related content will be less engaging. The effects of issue ownership on user engagement are also tested. For this, the study draws upon an extensive dataset that includes all Facebook posts of each candidate (511 candidates 38030 posts) running for MP positions, posted between the official starting day of the campaign and Election Day. Topics are identified by dictionary-based and supervised learning methods that allow us to categorize a larger set of data than earlier works. The results show that corruption, development policy, and campaign are the most popular topics with users. The most interesting finding, however, is related to the reversed issue ownership effect on user engagement.
Relationship between the Difference in Oxygenated Hemoglobin Concentration Changes in the Left and Right Prefrontal Cortex and Cognitive Function during Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise

Previous studies have indicated that changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (O2Hb) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with changes in cognitive function. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effect of differences in O2Hb levels in the left and right PFC (L-PFC and R-PFC, respectively) on cognitive function after exercise. This study included 12 healthy male college students. The exercise regimen consisted of 4 min of warm-up and rest each, followed by 20 min of moderate-intensity exercise and 20 min of post-exercise rest. Participants underwent the 2-back cognitive test thrice (pre-exercise, post-exercise, and after the 20 min post-exercise rest period), and their reaction times were recorded. O2Hb levels in the PFC were monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We analyzed the correlations between changes in post-exercise reaction times and differences in peak O2Hb levels (L-PFC minus R-PFC), area under the curve for O2Hb changes, and increases in the O2Hb slope during exercise. Peak O2Hb, area under the curve (AUC) for O2Hb change, and increase in the slope of O2Hb were significantly correlated with changes in reaction time. These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which O2Hb differences between the L-PFC and R-PFC affect cognitive function.
Effects of crisis on crisis management practices: a case from Turkish tourism enterprises

Abstract Crises are broadly thought to damage the tourism industry by decreasing tourism revenues due to reduced inbound tourism. This study investigated the negative short-term effects of crises on the crisis management practices of tourism enterprises in Turkey following terrorist attacks between 2015 and 2016, political tensions with the Russian Federation after a military aircraft was shot down in 2015, and the attempted coup in 2016. 219 valid questionnaires were obtained from representatives and managers of hotels, travel companies, airlines, and other tourism enterprises at the 10th Tourism Fair and Congress, Travel Turkey. The findings reveal that the three distinct but interrelated crises all significantly affected tourism enterprises in the short-term. These effects did not differ regarding type of enterprise or years of operation. The stressful working environment and increased costs mostly affected maintenance, human resources, government assistance, promotion, and product and pricing strategies.
Dampak Ekonomi Pengoperasian Transjakarta Ditinjau dari Persepsi Pengguna

ABSTRACT Economic Impacts of Transjakarta Operation Judging from User Perception: The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta has used a service purchase scheme for public transport operators known as Buy The Service. In this study, an analysis of the Transjakarta passenger perception index will be carried out in terms of the economic impact of the Transjakarta operation using cross tabulation analysis and community satisfaction index. The perception of 461 Transjakarta users shows that the value of Transjakarta services is 85.69 with very good criteria which indicates that Transjakarta users feel happy seen from the economic impact with the lowest average repair value, the lowest average value, the value, the lowest average score, the lowest, 3.8 integration between transportation, and the range of Transjakarta service areas. Keywords : Transjakarta ; Buy The Service ; Perception Index . ABSTRAK Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta telah menggunakan skema pembelian pelayanan kepada pihak operator angkutan umum yang di kenal dengan istilah Buy The Service. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis terhadap indeks persepsi penumpang Transjakarta ditinjau dari dampak ekonomi dari pengoperasian Transjakarta menggunakan analisis tabulasi silang dan indeks kepuasan masyarakat. Persepsi dari 461 pengguna Transjakarta menunjukkan bahwa nilai pelayanan Transjakarta sebesar 85,69 dengan kriteria sangat baik yang mengindikasikan bahwa pengguna Transjakarta merasa bahagia dilihat dari dampak ekonomi dengan nilai rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 3,85, Nilai terendah dan harus mendapat perhatian fokus perbaikan, yaitu integrasi antar angkutan, dan jangkauan wilayah pelayanan Transjakarta . Kata Kunci: Transjakarta; Buy The Service; Indek Persepsi
Beyond Standardization: Improving External Validity and Reproducibility in Experimental Evolution

Discussions of reproducibility are casting doubts on the credibility of experimental outcomes in the life sciences. Although experimental evolution is not typically included in these discussions, this field is also subject to low reproducibility, partly because of the inherent contingencies affecting the evolutionary process. A received view in experimental studies more generally is that standardization (i.e., rigorous homogenization of experimental conditions) is a solution to some issues of significance and internal validity. However, this solution hides several difficulties, including a reduction of external validity and reproducibility. After explaining the meaning of these two notions in the context of experimental evolution, we import from the fields of animal research and ecology and suggests that systematic heterogenization of experimental factors could prove a promising alternative. We also incorporate into our analysis some philosophical reflections on the nature and diversity of research objectives in experimental evolution.
A Multi-Criteria Approach for Assessing the Economic Resilience of Agriculture: The Case of Lithuania

This study presents an innovative approach to measuring economic resilience at a sectoral level. The notion of economic resilience is explored through the lens of levels of resilience of the main functions of a researched economic sector. The overall level of sectoral economic resilience is seen as a weighted sum of resilience indexes related to its main economic functions. Such a comprehensive approach is universal, as it allows to measure economic resilience of various economic sectors. For the empirical application, the agricultural sector of Lithuania was selected for analysis of resilience. The results revealed that the overall level of resilience declined in Lithuanian agricultural sector during 2012–2019. Such a persistent trend may pose an increasing risk for food security in Lithuania in the future. The most evident negative changes in the economic resilience levels are observed in terms of economic viability of farms. The most robust levels of economic resilience are indicated in the sense of ability to provide local food at affordable prices.