Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vibration on Surface Roughness in Finish Turning: Simulation Study

This paper presents the results of simulation analyses carried out to investigate the effect of adding controlled vibration of varying amplitudes and frequencies onto simulated workpiece profiles on surface roughness. The surface profiles were generated using the nose edge image of a real cutting tool insert at various stages of wear. The invariant moment sub-pixel edge detection method was used to extract the precise tool nose profile. The extracted nose profile was duplicated 20 times to generate the simulated workpiece profile. Vibration signals in the form of sine waves of amplitudes 0 to 50 % of the peak-tovalley height of the original workpiece profile and various frequencies were added to the simulated profile. Noise signals emanating from real machining were also added to the original profile to investigate their effect on roughness. The simulation study has shown that average roughness may increase continuously or fluctuate randomly depending on the magnitude of vibration added to the vibration-free workpiece profile. In the absence of vibration, the surface roughness of the workpiece decreases due to flattening effect of the tool nose during early stages of tool wear. (Received in August 2020, accepted in October 2020. This paper was with the authors 2 weeks for 1 revision.)
A model for evaluating the user satisfaction of human movements on stairs through the ergonomic design approach

Abstract The main purpose of this research is to determine the tread sizes that best provide physical comfort by examining user satisfaction. Furthermore, this ergonomic design-oriented study also strives to contribute to the development and improvement of stair standards employed in various countries. In accordance with this goal, an experimental platform was formed and different anthropometric dimensions affecting users’ physical comfort level were measured. This study was conducted with 400 volunteers and healthy people between the ages of 18 and 40, and a survey was applied that investigated the prototype stair model on which different tread forms could be experienced and preferences for tread size determined. As a result, a theoretical basis for the factors affecting user satisfaction on stairs was formed and tread sizes considering people’s anthropometric dimensions were suggested. As distinct from former studies, one of the prominent findings here concerns the range of leg angle corresponding to the size requirements of the stairs. The physical comfort range is determined by questioning user satisfaction through the mentioned angle relation.
The Diffusion of Price-Related Word-of-Mouth: A Study Exploring the Role of Market Mavens and Social Ties

Abstract This study sheds light on the process of price-related word-of-mouth by exploring the dissemination of positively and negatively valanced price information as well as the role of social ties and market mavenism. Social ties strengthen the effect of a price change communicated by word-of-mouth on the subsequent dissemination. Market mavens are found to have a higher intention to retransmit price knowledge via word-of-month, which in turn leads to a higher purchase intention. The study extends the accessibility-diagnosticity model, the strength of weak ties, and the theory of group stability to demonstrate that price-related word-of-mouth predominantly represents an opportunity for managers.
Hydrogenation of acetylene over supported metal catalysts. Part 3.—[14C]tracer studies of the effects of added ethylene and carbon monoxide on the reaction catalysed by silica-supported palladium, rhodium and iridium

The hydrogenation of acetylene in the presence of various pressures of [14C]ethylene has been studied over silica-supported palladium, rhodium and iridium catalysts. The results show that with each catalyst the yield of ethane from the hydrogenation of ethylene is small; the major route to ethane formation is by direct hydrogenation of acetylene. Three distinct types of surface site are involved in the hydrogenation of acetylene and ethylene.Direct surface monitoring during the hydrogenation reaction shows that ethylene does not adsorb on the acetylene hydrogenation sites. The increase in rate observed when all the acetylene has reacted is not due to an increase in ethylene surface coverage, but is interpreted in terms of an increase in hydrogen availability for ethylene hydrogenation.Addition of 0.1–1.0 Torr of carbon monoxide to the acetylene hydrogenation results in complete poisoning of the rhodium and iridium catalysts, but only partial reduction in the activity of the palladium catalyst. [14C]tracer studies of the adsorption of carbon monoxide, acetylene and ethylene show that the poisoning is not due to a hydrocarbon site-blocking effect, but rather to a blocking of the hydrogen adsorption sites. Hydrogen effectively competes with carbon monoxide for these sites on palladium.
Comparison of a fixed‐charge and a polarizable water model

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to examine two models for water. The first model is the fixed‐charge model introduced by Stillinger and Rahman and the second model is the polarizable model developed by Dang. The site–site, intermolecular pair distribution functions and the hydrogen bond lifetimes are determined for three fluid states for which neutron‐diffraction determined pair functions exist. The trends in the pair functions and the bond lifetimes with decreasing density and increasing temperature for both models are similar, with the fixed‐charge model pair functions changing more slowly, and the bond lifetimes more rapidly than those for the polarizable model. For the temperatures and densities examined, the explicit inclusion of polarization in the interactions appears to have a relatively small effect on the pair functions.
Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils on Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract Of 73 essential oils tested for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae R36A (an unencapsulated strain) with a paper disk diffusion assay, three oils were highly inhibitory, fifteen moderately inhibitory and the remainder weakly or non-inhibitory. Three oils from each group were selected and tested with a broth assay in which each oil was added to growing cultures of S. pneumoniae R36A and optical densities (OD) were measured over time. The oils with high antibacterial activity; oregano, thyme and rosewood, induced rapid lysis of R36A as indicated by a decrease in OD, and appearance of dechaining and considerable cell debris within 30 min of addition. The lytic response of R36A to the three oils with moderate activity was variable but all induced some lysis. Oils that were weak inhibitors generally caused slowing of growth but little or no lysis. Several oils were also tested against an encapsulated isolate, S. pneumoniae IC2. Both disk assay and broth results were similar to those obtained with R36A, except that the oils were slightly less effective. Disk assay results showed some correlation with the broth assay, but were not always predictive of an oil's ability to induce bacterial lysis. Essential oils that induce lysis in S. pneumoniae may have potential as an alternative treatment for infections caused by drug resistant pneumococci.
SPATIAL AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF PEACOCK BASS (Cichla spp.) FISHERY: AN ANALYSIS OF CATCHES LANDED IN MANAUS, AMAZONAS STATE, BRAZIL

This study analysed the commercial fishing for peacock bass (Cichla spp.) and its variation according to the river regime and the fishing environments, based on landing data in Manaus. The landing data were provided by the Z-12 Fishermen's Association and the monthly quotas (m) of Rio Negro by the National Water Agency, corresponding to the years 2012 and 2013. The Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE) was obtained by dividing the total catch and the number of boats. A Generalized Linear Model was used to analyse the relationship between CPUE and the river level. Through the Analysis of Variance we compared the averages of capture between the fishing areas and Fisher's LSD test revealed which environments had different capture averages. Student's t-test was used to compare the mean of capture between white and black water environments. The largest catches and CPUEs occurred during receding water, and the relationship between CPUE and river level was inverse. Black water environments obtained the highest CPUEs, as well as the highest capture averages. There were differences in the average catches between fishing areas, but not between water types. This study shows how peacock bass exploitation occurs and can assist in management measures for this species.
A panel path analysis approach to the determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 transmission: does testing matter for confirmed cases?

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to examine the role of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test on transmission data globally to reveal the fact that the actual picture of transmission history cannot be exposed if the countries do not perform the test adequately.Design/methodology/approachUsing Our World in Data for 212 countries and areas and 162 time periods daily from December 31, 2019, to June 09, 2020, on an unbalanced panel framework, we have developed a panel-based path analysis model to explore the interdependence of various actors of COVID-19 cases of transmission across the globe. After controlling for per capita gross domestic product (GDP), age structure and government stringency, we explore the proposition that COVID-19 tests affect transmission positively. As an anecdote, we also explore the direct, indirect and total effects of different potential determinants of transmission cases worldwide and gather an idea about each factor's relative role in a structural equation framework.FindingsUsing the panel path model, we find that a 1 standard deviation change in the number of tests results in a 0.70 standard deviation change in total cases per million after controlling for several variables like per capita GDP, government stringency and age population (above 65). Research limitations/implicationsIt is not possible to get balanced data of COVID-19 for all the countries for all the periods. Similarly, the socioeconomic, political and demographic variables used in the model are not observed daily, and they are only available on an annual basis.Practical implicationsCountries which cannot afford to carry out more tests are also the countries where transmission rates are suppressed downward and negatively manipulated.Social implicationsCross country collaboration in terms of COVID-19 test instruments, vaccination and technology transfer are urgently required. This collaboration may be sought as an alternative to foreign development assistance.Originality/valueThis article provides an alternative approach to modeling COVID-19 transmission through the panel path model where the test is considered as an endogenous determinant of transmission, and the endogeneity has been channeled through per capita GDP, government stringency and age structure without using any regression-based modeling like pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effects, two-stage least squares or generalized method of moments (GMM). Endogeneity has been handled without using any instruments.
Genetic association between two Estrogen Receptor 2 (ER2) Gene Polymorphism (rs4986938 and rs1256049) and SYNTAX Score in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Report from Southern Iran

Background One of the most common causes of death in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD). Estrogen, the most important early sex hormones in women, plays an important role in the risk reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Expression of estrogen as well as its receptorsˈ including estrogen receptor alpha (ER1) and estrogen receptor beta (ER2) might have an association with the severity or complexity of CAD. Since most articles have focused on the relationship between ER1 gene polymorphism and CAD, in this study we aimed to evaluate the association of two ER2 gene polymorphisms, AluI and RsaI, with severity of CAD. Methods 148 patients with confirmed CAD who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in this study. Blood samples were collected before coronary angiography and ER2 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method. The STNTAX Score (SS), grading system for CAD complexity, was evaluated by an interventional cardiologist who was blinded to other data. Results 110 men and 38 women were participated in this study. Our results revealed a statistically significant relationship between SS and RsaI polymorphism of ER2 (p = 0.01). In contrast, there was no association between AluI genotypes and SS. Conclusions Besides to estrogen level, the genetic variation of its receptors might play an important role in the severity or complexity of CAD. According to our results, RsaI polymorphism of ER2 gene may assert a pivotal role in the severity of CAD; however this assumption needs to be proved in studies with a larger population.
Diagnosis and etiological identification in severe constrictive pericarditis in a 14-year-old girl: a case report

Constrictive pericarditis in children is exceedingly rare, and may cause very problematic confusion of diagnosis and etiology identification. In this case, we examined a 14-year-old female patient who had developed signs of significant anasarca which was eventually turned out to be constrictive pericarditis. Affected by the experience of examiners, the patient was not diagnosed or even suspected with constrictive pericarditis when she was initially examined by echocardiography in the hospital where she visited before. Reexamination of echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and non-invasive image techniques were performed to establish the diagnosis finally. Open pericardectomy was ultimately performed and normal hemodynamic parameters and cardiac function were obtained postoperatively. In the determination of etiology, we inferred that chronic infection induced by local virus infection in the pericardium led to constrictive pericarditis. Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) and/or human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) were the two most likely viruses involved based on published literature reviews. Importantly, we learned that serological antibody testing may be false-negative and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pericardial viral nucleic acid testing may be the gold standard for confirmation. Unfortunately, fresh pericardial tissue samples were not taken before paraformaldehyde fixation in our case, which made it impossible for us to detect suspicious viruses. We do hope that the lessons learned from this case will be helpful and instructive for the etiological diagnosis of similar patients in the future.
A field, laboratory, and literature review evaluation of the water retention curve of volcanic ash soils: How well do standard laboratory methods reflect field conditions?

Accurate determination of the water retention curve (WRC) of a soil is essential for the understanding and modelling of the subsurface hydrological, ecological, and biogeochemical processes. Volcanic ash soils with andic properties (Andosols) are recognized as important providers of ecological and hydrological services in mountainous regions worldwide due to their large fraction of small size particles (clay, silt, and organic matter) that gives them an outstanding water holding capacity. Previous comparative analyses of in situ (field) and standard laboratory methods for the determination of the WRC of Andosols showed contrasting results. Based on an extensive analysis of laboratory, experimental, and field measured WRCs of Andosols in combination with data extracted from the published literature we show that standard laboratory methods using small soil sample volumes (≤300 cm3) mimic the WRC of these soils only partially. The results obtained by the latter resemble only a small portion of the wet range of the Andosols' WRC (from saturation up to −5 kPa, or pF 1.7), but overestimate substantially their water content for higher matric potentials. This discrepancy occurs irrespective of site‐specific land use and cover, soil properties, and applied method. The disagreement limits our capacity to infer correctly subsurface hydrological behaviour, as illustrated through the analysis of long‐term soil moisture and matric potential data from an experimental site in the tropical Andes. These findings imply that results reported in past research should be used with caution and that future research should focus on determining laboratory methods that allow obtaining a correct characterization of the WRC of Andosols. For the latter, a set of recommendations and future directions to solve the identified methodological issues is proposed.
Sustainability of Cluster Organizations as Open Innovation Intermediaries

The purpose of the paper is to identify the most important open innovation practices used by cluster organizations (COs). To reflect these practices, the paper uses the concept of the trajectory of relationship development in COs, applied in the Interizon cluster organization. Additionally, this paper introduces the potential sustainability-related implications of open innovation adoption in cluster organizations. An in-depth direct interview and secondary data analysis were the basic techniques used for data collection. The study demonstrates that cluster organizations can play the role of open innovation intermediaries, implementing a set of different open innovation practices, depending on the level of advancement of cluster cooperation. The use of these practices leads to the development of ever stronger relationships between cluster members, thus conditioning access to the increasingly valuable resources of information and knowledge which are most relevant for the future sustainability-pursuing context. The good effects of multidimensional cooperation in the studied cluster organization prompted the authors to formulate a recommendation for sustainable diversity in the CO. The research goes beyond the state-of-the-art knowledge in the concept of industrial clusters by exposing a broader view on cooperation developed within cluster organizations. The study links the issue of clustering with the concept of open innovation, shedding new light on the processes of supporting knowledge and information flows in COs. Additionally, it contributes to developing a broader comprehension of the context dependencies of open innovation for potential sustainable innovation.
A Study on the Concept of Using Efficient Lightweight Hash Chain to Improve Authentication in VMF Military Standard

Authentication algorithms in the form of cryptographic schemes, such as the Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1) and the digital signature algorithm (DSA), specified in the current variable message format (VMF) military standard have numerous reliability-related limitations when applied to tactical data link (TDL) and multi-TDL networks (MTN). This is because TDL and MTN require maximum tactical security, communication integrity, and low network overhead based on many protocol header bits for rapid communication with limited network resources. The application of such authentication algorithms to TDL and MTN in a rapidly changing battlefield environment without reinforcement measures will lead to functional weaknesses and vulnerabilities when high-level digital-covert activities and deception tactics are implemented. Consequently, the existing VMF authentication scheme must be improved to secure transmission integrity, lower network transaction, and receive authentication tactical information in VMF-based combat network radio (CNR) networks. Therefore, in this study, a tactical wireless ad hoc network topology, similar to that of the existing CNRs, is considered, and a lightweight multi-factor hash chain-based authentication scheme that includes a time-based one-time password (T-OTP) for network overhead reduction and terminal authentication is proposed, coupled with exception handling. The proposed method enhances the confidentiality of tactical message exchanges and reduces unnecessary network transactions and transmission bits for authentication flows between real-time military terminals owned by squads, while ensuring robustness in limited battlefields. Based on these approaches, in the future, we intend to increase the authentication reliability between wireless terminals in the Korean variable message format (KVMF)-based CNR networks based on the Korean Army Corps network scenarios.
Bunad, minorities and belonging in Norway

ABSTRACT The increase and visibility of non-white Norwegian minorities who wear the national costume, bunad, has generated much debate and rancor in the Norwegian media in recent years. This study employs a content analysis methodology of six cases from national newspapers that approximate the gamut of the discussion. Employing theories of belonging, bunad is broached as a prism that reflects current debates about the future of multiculturalism in a country that has witnessed rapid demographic change in a few decades. The locus of the debate is situated in the interstices between the minority individual’s rationale for wearing the bunad and the positive views of significant Norwegians, such as the King of Norway, on the one hand, and those who refuse to ‘grant’ belonging to non-ethnic Norwegians on the other.
Women’s Perceptions of Zika Virus Prevention Recommendations in Fortaleza, Brazil

As a response to the rise in microcephaly cases in 2015, Brazilian health authorities recommended a number of Zika virus (ZIKV) prevention behaviors. This study explores the contrast between the Brazilian health authorities’ health promotion response to the epidemic and the context in which the epidemic unfolded. Rapid Anthropological Assessment was used to assess how women in Fortaleza, Brazil, perceive ZIKV, ZIKV prevention recommendations, and the feasibility of adhering to these recommendations. Semi-structured interviews, informational interviews, and observations were used. The ZIKV recommendations and prevention did not represent best practices in health communication and promotion and failed to achieve their goals. Prevention recommendations were delivered without actionable steps and without considering cultural, socioeconomic, or environmental contexts. It is imperative to take advantage of this interepidemic period to apply best practices in health communication, education, and promotion to ensure populations at risk have adequate awareness, information, and resources to prevent infection.
A Novel (t, s, k, n)-Threshold Visual Secret Sharing Scheme Based on Access Structure Partition

Visual secret sharing (VSS) is a new technique for sharing a binary image into multiple shadows. For VSS, the original image can be reconstructed from the shadows in any qualified set, but cannot be reconstructed from those in any forbidden set. In most traditional VSS schemes, the shadows held by participants have the same importance. However, in practice, a certain number of shadows are given a higher importance due to the privileges of their owners. In this article, a novel (t, s, k, n)-threshold VSS scheme is proposed based on access structure partition. First, we construct the basis matrix of the proposed (t, s, k, n)-threshold VSS scheme by utilizing a new access structure partition method and sub-access structure merging method. Then, the secret image is shared by the basis matrix as n shadows, which are divided into s essential shadows and n-s non-essential shadows. To reconstruct the secret image, k or more shadows should be collected, which include at least t essential shadows; otherwise, no information about the secret image can be obtained. Compared with related schemes, our scheme achieves a smaller shadow size and a higher visual quality of the reconstructed image. Theoretical analysis and experiments indicate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.