Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bat Ensembles Differ in Response to Use Zones in a Tropical Biosphere Reserve

Biosphere reserves, designated under The United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Man and Biosphere Programme, aim to sustainably integrate protected areas into the biological and economic landscape around them by buffering strictly protected habitats with zones of limited use. However, the effectiveness of biosphere reserves and the contribution of the different zones of use to protection is poorly known. We assessed the diversity and activity of bats in the Crocker Range Biosphere Reserve (CRBR) in Sabah, Malaysia, using harp traps, mist nets and acoustic surveys in each zone—core, buffer, transition and in agricultural plots outside of the reserve. We captured 30 species, bringing the known bat fauna of CRBR to 50 species, half of Borneo’s bat species. Species composition and acoustic activity varied among zones and by foraging ensemble, with the core and buffer showing particular importance for conserving forest-dependent insectivorous bats. Frugivorous bats were found in all zones but were the most abundant and most species-rich ensemble within agricultural sites. Although sampling was limited, bat diversity and activity was low in the transition zone compared to other zones, indicating potential for management practices that increase food availability and enhance biodiversity value. We conclude that, collectively, the zones of the CRBR effectively protect diversity, but the value of the transition zone can be improved.
Using the Lexicon from Source Code to Determine Application Domain

Context: The vast majority of software engineering research is reported independently of the application domain: techniques and tools usage is reported without any domain context. As reported in previous research, this has not always been so: early in the computing era, the research focus was frequently application domain specific (for example, scientific and data processing). Objective: We believe determining the research context is often important. Therefore we propose a code-based approach to identify the application domain of a software system, via its lexicon. We compare its use against the plain textual description attached to the same system. Method: Using a sample of 50 Java projects, we obtained i) the description of each project (e.g., its ReadMe file), ii) the lexicon extracted from its source code, and iii) a list of its main topics extracted with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modelling technique. We assigned a random subset of these data items to different researchers (i.e., 'experts'), and asked them to assign each item to one (or more) application domain. We then evaluated the precision and accuracy of the three techniques. Results: Using the agreement levels between experts, We observed that the 'baseline' dataset (i.e., the ReadMe files) obtained the highest average in terms of agreement between experts, but we also observed that the three techniques had the same mode and median agreement levels. Additionally, in the cases where no agreement was reached for the baseline dataset, the two other techniques provided sufficient additional support. Conclusions: We conclude that the source code is sufficient for determining the application domain, so that classification is possible without special documentation requirements.
Identity Formation in Adolescents with Concentration Problems, High Levels of Activity or Impulsiveness: A Pragmatic Qualitative Study

Students showing core symptoms of ADHD face additional challenges in school. This study asks how children and adolescents with inattentiveness, high levels of activity or impulsiveness perceive their symptom-like behaviour and how this may affect their identity, friendships and well-being. Researchers conducted individual interviews with 12 students (10–16 years) selected to attend a school programme aimed at improving their concentration. Six students had an ADHD diagnosis. The interviews were analysed, guided by theoretical reading. The students’ narratives fit a discursive perspective showing that identity developed through interactions with others. All students told about their disturbing concentration problems. Students disliked having a short fuse and talking before thinking, and they admitted that impulsive behaviour could threaten their friendships. On the other hand, students with high levels of activity described this as fun in interaction with friends. Nobody mentioned that concentration problems affected friendships, and none of the core symptoms seemed to influence well-being. There were no obvious differences between students with or without an ADHD diagnosis. The students’ stories, therefore, show that teachers should know their students with inattentiveness, hyperactivity or impulsiveness individually to learn about their challenges and preferences.
Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Newborns with Birth Weight Less Than 1500 Grams: Risk Factors and Causes

Abstract Low birth weight newborns (≤1500 grams) are at a high risk of acquiring hospital infections due to the immaturity of the immune system, lack of efficient structural barriers, and an incomplete development of endogenous microbial flora. The aim of this study was to reveal the potential risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia in low birth weight newborns. This study was a prospective cohort design with a nested case-control study and was conducted between January 1st, 2012 and June 30th, 2015 at the Neonatology Department, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Serbia. There were 1140 newborns hospitalized at the Neonatology Department for longer than 48 hours during the study period, and 169 of them (14.82%) weighed less than 1500 grams at birth. In total, 73 (43.19%) newborns with low birth weights developed HIs. The most prevalent HI was hospital pneumonia (n=64, 87.67%). Although univariate analyses identified many risk factors with a significant influence on the occurrence of hospital pneumonia, multivariate analysis identified only the following two independent risk factors for hospital pneumonia in newborns with birth weights below 1500 grams: mechanical ventilation (p=0.003, OR=68.893, 95% CI=4.285-1107.699) and longer hospitalization (p=0.003, OR=1.052, 95% CI=1.017-1.088). Almost all of the pathogens isolated from the patients with pneumonia were gram-negative bacteria (98.50%). More than half of all of the isolates were Acinetobacter spp (37.50%) and Enterobacter spp (18.75%). Our study showed that mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospitalization were significant risk factors for the development of hospital pneumonia in newborns with birth weights below 1500 grams.
ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALL-CAUSE AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN MOSCOW AND IRKUTSK

Aim. To study standardized all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (or deaths due to diseases of the circulatory system) in Irkutsk and Moscow including assessment in gender and age subgroups. Material and methods. To compare mortality in the two cities data of Federal State Statistics Service were used with calculation of coefficients of mortality adjusted for European age pattern. Results: Age-standardized indices of mortality per 100,000 of population were significantly lower in Moscow as compared to Irkutsk in the entire sample (697.6 vs 1157.8; p<0.00001), in men (904.0 vs 1364.3; p<0.00001) and in women (535.1 vs 822.7; p<0.00001), and also in all age subgroups above 25 years. Cardiovascular diseases were dominated in the mortality patterns of the compared cities: 47% in Irkutsk, 64% in Moscow. Chronic forms of ischemic heart disease (47.9% in Irkutsk and 45.9% in Moscow) and cerebrovascular diseases (15.9% in Irkutsk and 16.7% in Moscow) were prevalent. There were significant distinctions in death rates encoded in such headings as: “Other forms of acute ischemic heart disease”, “Atherosclerotic heart disease”, “Cerebral atherosclerosis”, “Hypertensive encephalopathy”, and “Unspecified cardiomyopathy”. Conclusion. Irkutsk had higher standardized coefficients of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality as compared to Moscow in the total population, in men and in women and in majority of age subgroups. This can be explained by economic, social and climatic factors.
The Effect of Anaerobic and Aerobic Exercise on Endurance and Non Endurance Athletes on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a symptom of discomfort that could happen 7-10 days before menstruation. This symptoms can be affect physiologically and psychologically. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of anaerobic and aerobic exercise in endurance and non-endurance female athletes in related to the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) either athletes or non-athletes. The population consisted of all female athletes from various sports clubs in Padang as many 140 person, purposive sampling technique was used to take 70 female athletes who have premenstrual syndrome. Questionnaires and interviews is used to collect the data and t-test is used to analysis data on the level of significance α = 0.05. The result of this research are; there is no difference effect between aerobic and anaerobic exercise in non-endurance athletes with PMS (ρ = 0. 242 > α 0.05); there is difference effect between aerobic and anaerobic exercise on endurance athletes with PMS (ρ = 0.00 < α 0.05). It can be concluded that the aerobic exercise can reduce the symptoms of P MS better than anaerobic exercise.
HIV testing among racial and ethnic minority adolescents living in an urban community

ABSTRACT This study examined the factors that influence HIV testing among a sample of African American and Hispanic/Latino adolescents (N = 747) living in an economically disadvantaged community in the Northeastern United States. The majority of sexually active participants in our study (77%) have never been tested for HIV. However, youth engaging in risky sexual behaviors, interacting in positive peer networks, and having access to sources of prevention information were more likely to seek HIV testing services. Our findings underscore the importance of developing multifaceted HIV/AIDS prevention protocols that provide direct education and skill-building activities, leverage peer education as a means to disseminate health-related information, and deliver broad-based prevention messaging that is both culturally-tailored and gender-specific.
The evolution of evidence problems in adult literacy and numeracy: how did we get into the current impasse and how can we get out of it?

ABSTRACT The field of Adult Literacy and Numeracy (ALN) has an evidence problem. This paper analyses that problem through the lens of three overarching types of evidence available to researchers and policymakers: Type 1 evidence, which provides descriptions of the scope of social problems; Type 2 evidence measuring the impacts of programmes addressing those problems; and Type 3 evidence of the mechanisms through which programme impacts are realised. Whereas ALN was once characterised by a lack of Type 1 evidence of ALN problems and Type 2 evaluative evidence of programme impacts, there is now an abundance of these evidence types. However, ALN finds itself in an ‘evidence impasse’: it repeatedly appears that programmes aimed at improving ALN skills do not do so. This impasse may be the product of evaluation failure, not programme failure. I argue that evaluations should place greater emphasis on the production and analysis of Type 3 evidence of the mechanisms through which adult basic skills may be improved over time. This paper outlines a strategy for doing so, with a particular emphasis on long-term impact of literacy and numeracy practices on basic skills.
Effective Algorithms for the Closest Pair and Related Problems

The Closest Pair problem aims to identify the closest pair (using some similarity measure, e.g., Euclidean distance, Dynamic Time Warping distance, etc.) of points in a metric space. This is one of the fundamental problems that has a wide range of applications in the data mining area, since most of the data can be represented in a vector form residing in a high dimensional space, and we would like to identify the relationship among those data points. Typical applications include but not limited to, social data analysis, user pattern identification, motif mining in biological data, data clustering, etc. This is a very classical problem and has been studied very well in the past decades. In this thesis, we study the Closest Pair problem and its variants, and also bring the machine learning perspective to solve some closely related problems. In particular, we have proposed two approximate algorithms to efficiently address the Closest Pair of Points (CPP) problem, and one deterministic approach to solve the Closest Pair of Subsequences (CPS) problem, using Euclidean distance measure. In addition, to identify the closest subsequences in the time series data, we have proposed a learnable feature extractor embedded in an artificial neural network, to learn patterns in the Xingyu Cai University of Connecticut, 2020 scope of the Dynamic Time Warping metric. In the end, to speed up the inference speed of the proposed algorithm, we have also proposed a neural network pruning technique to obtain a smaller network with similar capacity. All the proposed methods are shown to have achieved the state-of-the-art performance in various standard benchmark datasets. Effective Algorithms for the Closest Pair and Related Problems
Multi valent DNA vaccine against group A human rotavirus: an in-silico investigation

Gastroenteritis due to single rotavirus causes huge economic loss annually. Severity of rotaviral diarrhoea among children is primarily manifested by different combinations of G and P types. Rotavirus surveillance studies resulted in two ambitious globally licensed vaccine namely, Rotarix and RotaTaq and a few other. However, post-vaccination surveillance studies indicate, vaccine failure and other complications such as intussusception, environmental enteric dysfunction, etc. Herein, we design a multivalent DNA vaccine against rotavirus and tested its efficiency by using in silico tools. Two main neutralizing rotaviral antigens i.e, VP7 and VP8 were taken into account and respectively 390, 450 known sequences of different serogroup have been analyzed to obtain a consensus sequence for epitope prediction. Epitopes specific for MHC-I and -II were predicted using IEDB and chosen based on their best IC50 value and CPR. A good binding profile with a monoclonal antibody specific for B-cell antigens is displayed by all epitopes they were found to be non-allergenic in the human host. Ethnic specificity of the epitopes is also within acceptable range except for South African and Central American populations. We use pBI-CMV1 bidirectional mammalian expression vector to design the DNA vaccine, where we stapled manually integrated epitopes for VP7 and VP8 at MCS1 and 2 respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a new set of data for a new DNA vaccine against rotavirus.
Impact of iron deficiency anemia on cognition of school children of South India

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most widespread anemia among all population segments in India. IDA curtails the oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin and thus prevents complete vitality and development of the brain during childhood. Timely intervention and correction of anemia is therefore very important. Objectives: 1. To determine the hemoglobin levels of 30 school children. 2. To perform cognition tests including Raven’s score and visual memory test. Materials and Methods: Study included 30 school going children between the ages of 9-13 years. Informed consent was obtained from the guardians. Subjects were screened for anemia by determining Hb (g%) and blood indices. Cognitive function was assessed by Raven’s scoring and visual memory test. Cognitive status was then compared between anemic and non-anemic children. Results: Mean age of participants was 10.73 years. 26.66% of the subjects were anemic (mean hemoglobin of 10.42 g%). 73.34% of the participants were non anemic (mean hemoglobin of 12.16 g%). Raven’s score was significantly low in anemic children (p <0.001). Conclusion: IDA leads to cognitive impairment and Raven’s score is a useful tool to assess it. This impairment can be prevented by timely intervention.
Response of broilers to gradual dietary protein reduction with or without an adequate glycine plus serine level

Abstract This study was aimed to probe broiler responses to the maintenance of adequate level of glycine plus serine in low crude protein (CP) diets by glycine (Gly) addition from 8 to 42 days of age. A total of 1152 7-d-old birds were divided into 8 groups and fed with one of the following diets: (I) normal CP diet; (II, III vIV V) diets with 1.5%, 3%, 4.5% and 6% points less CP than normal diet, respectively; (VI, VII, VIII) diets with 3%, 4.5% and 6% points reduced CP than the normal CP diet, respectively, and added with Gly to achieve 2.32% total Gly + Ser. Each treatment was replicated with 12 cages. Results showed that dietary CP reduction by 3% or higher compromised (p < .05) growth performance and carcase traits of broilers. Gly fortification in the diet with a 4.5% CP reduction produced similar accumulative growth performance relative to normal-CP group. When Gly fortification in the diet with a 6% CP reduction, the accumulative growth performance were improved (p < .05) but were still inferior (p < .05) to those in normal-CP group. Gly fortification supported a similar (p > .05) abdominal fat percentage of birds fed the diet containing 4.5% points less CP as compared with birds fed the normal-CP diet. Comparatively, Gly fortification in the diet with a 6% CP reduction resulted in breast muscle yield, serum UN content on d 21 and albumin content on d 42 comparable to (p > .05) those in normal-CP group. Collectively, the absence of Gly addition allowed dietary CP reduction by no more than 3% to obtain normal performance and carcase traits of broilers. Gly fortification in the diet with a 3% CP reduction induced no improvements in growth performance and carcase traits of broilers. However, maintain a level of 2.32% total Gly + Ser via Gly fortification enabled a reduction of dietary CP by 4.5% without deteriorating the accumulative growth performance and carcase traits of broilers. Highlights Gly addition that provides 2.32% total Gly + Ser allows dietary CP reduction of 4.5% without compromising the accumulative growth performance and carcase traits of broilers. Maintaining 2.32% total Gly + Ser via Gly fortification could not completely overcome the depression of growth performance in broilers fed the diet with a 6% CP reduction.
Debating ASEAN: a response to commentaries on ‘ASEAN sceptics versus ASEAN proponents’

Abstract The contributions of Alice D. Ba, Mark Beeson, and Anja Jetschke and Patrick Theiner to the discussion about how to understand and explain ASEAN as a regional organization raise significant issues. Most importantly, their ideas extend our ability as scholars and commentators to productively debate and evaluate the institutional developments and policies of ASEAN and, indeed, all regional organizations.
DETERMINANTS OF MOTHER’S CHOICE OF PLACE DELIVERY IN COMMUNITY OF BAJO, MUNA DISTRICT: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Background: Muna is the area where Bajo community prefer to choose shaman for giving birth Objectives: This study aims to determine the reasons why mothers choose shamans or midwives to give birth in Renda Village, Towea Subdistrict, Muna District. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study to investigate determinants of mother’s choice of place delivery in Renda Towea village of Muna, Indonesia. In-depth interview was performed to three mothers who gave birth with Shaman, and two mothers with Midwives. This study was conducted on July, 2016 in the village of Renda Towea, Muna district. Data were analyzed by content analysis model using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis. Results: Results were grouped into: Reasons to choose midwives to give birth (Health concern, Family support, and Complete facilities), and Reasons to select shaman to give birth (Tradition, Financial concern, Short distance, Lack of information) Conclusions: Various reasons of mothers in choosing maternal care services. The findings of this study suggest that the government and health care providers should create the collaboration between midwives and shaman, increase financial support, and increase and evaluate health visitations to this community.
The Domestic Investment, Local Government Revenue and Government Expenditure in the Education Sector

This research aimed to analyze the effect of domestic investment and local government revenue toward government expenditure in the education sector. This research uses secondary data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics in Indonesia and Local Educational Balance-Departement of Education and Culture. The analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis with cross section 34 provinces and time series for 2014-2017. The results showed that partially, domestic investment and local government revenue had a significant affect on government expenditure in the education sector. Meanwhile simultaneously, it shows that domestic investment and local government revenue had a significant affect on government expenditure in the education sector. These findings indicate that the level of education expenditure can be influenced by both domestic investment and local government revenue.
Changes in PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer by immunohistochemical analysis.

e22118 Background:Expression of Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) is considered a predictive biomarker of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. In melanoma with BRAF mutations, it was reported that PD-L1 expression increased with BRAF inhibition. Our study is to evaluate changes in PD-L1 expression for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with treatments in clinical courses. Methods: The medical records of NSCLC patients with two or more samples in their clinical courses were retrospectively reviewed at our institution between November 2002 and December 2014. In this study, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was done using anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (E1L3N). IHC score was defined as the proportion of tumor cells with stained cell membrane, scale: 0, 0 %; 1, 1-4 %; 2, 5-9 %; 3, 10-29 %; 4, 30-49 %; 5, 50-100 %. Further, we defined three IHC score groups as follows; 0-1, group A; 2-4, group B; 5, group C. We considered migration of IHC score group as a significant change in PD-L1 expression. Results: Ninety-five pat.
HM-Modularity: A Harmonic Motif Modularity Approach for Multi-Layer Network Community Detection

Multi-layer network community detection has drawn an increasing amount of attention recently. Despite success, the existing methods mainly focus on the lower-order connectivity structure at the level of individual nodes and edges. And the higher-order connectivity structure has been largely ignored, which contains better signature of community compared with edges. The main challenges in utilizing higher-order structure for multi-layer network community detection are that the most representative higher-order structure may vary from one layer to another and the connectivity structure formed by the same node subset may exhibit different higher-order connectivity patterns in different layers. To this end, this paper proposes a novel higher-order structure, termed harmonic motif, which is a dense subgraph having on average the largest statistical significance in each layer. Based on the harmonic motif, a primary layer is constructed by integrating higher-order structural information from all layers. Additionally, the higher-order structural information of each individual layer is taken as the auxiliary information. A coupling is established between the primary layer and each auxiliary layer. Accordingly, a harmonic motif modularity is designed to generate the community structure. Extensive experiments on eleven real-world multi-layer network datasets have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.