Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative reproductive tactics in the queen size dimorphic ant Leptothorax rugatulus (Emery) and population genetic consequences

We report the results of a comprehensive investigation of the queen size dimorphism in the North American ant Leptothorax rugatulus. Employing allozymes and microsatellites as genetic markers, we found no evidence that the gene pools of large (macrogynes) and small (microgynes) queens are distinct. Queens in polygynous colonies are related to each other, supporting the hypothesis that colonies with more than one queen commonly arise by the adoption of daughter queens into their natal colonies. The higher fat content of macrogynes, their predominance in monogynous societies and in small founding colonies, and their greater flight activity favor the view that macrogynes predominantly found colonies independently, while microgynes are specialized for dependent colony founding by readoption. When comparing the genetic structure of three different subpopulations, we found that the alternative life histories had no significant effect on population viscosity at the scale investigated.
IMPACT OF OMEGA -3 ON HEALING OF BUCCAL TRAUMATIC ULCER OF ALBINO RATS (HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL STUDY)

Introduction: Ulcers are one of the most frequent diseases affecting the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of omega-3 on healing of buccal traumatic ulcer in rat. Materials and methods: In this study adult male rats in 2 groups (n = 15 per group) were used. A wound circular in shape (4 mm diameter and 2 mm depth) was punched into the buccal mucosa of each rat using biopsy punch. The control group was not treated, the study group was treated with 93mg/kg body weight omega-3 that was guided to the stomach by gastric gavage. Histological samples were harvested on post-injury days 3, 7 and 14. Results: The study group had high reepithelialization and connective tissue healing score on day 7 and 14. The control group had high inflammation score on day 3 and 7, and low reepithelializtion score on day 3, 7 and 14. Conclusion: Omega-3 compound increases fibroblast counts and decreases inflammatory cell counts, and also causes an increase in reepithelialization and epithelial thickness.
A white side of black Britain: The concept of racial literacy

Opposition to transracial adoption on both sides of the Atlantic, has been based, in part, on the assumption that white parents cannot understand race or racism and thus cannot properly prepare children of multiracial heritage to cope with racism. In this article I draw on a seven-year ethnographic study to offer an intensive case study of white transracial birth parents that counters this racial logic. I draw on a subset of data collected from field research and in-depth interviews with 102 members of black-white interracial families in England. I provide an analysis of three practices that I discovered among white transracial birth parents who were attempting to cultivate ‘black’ identities in their children of multiracial heritage. I offer the concept of ‘racial literacy’ to theorize their parental labour as a type of anti-racist project that remains under the radar of conventional sociological analyses of racism and anti-racist social movements.
Divergent Effects of Dendritic Cells on Pancreatitis

Abstract : Numbers dendritic cells (DCs) increased 100-fold in pancreata of mice with acute pancreatitis to account for nearly 15% of intrapancreatic leukocytes. Intrapancreatic DCs acquired a distinct immune phenotype in mice with acute pancreatitis; they expressed higher levels of major histocompatibility complex II and CD86 and increased production of interleukin-6, MCP 1, and TNFa. DC over-expansion exacerbated disease. However, DCs were also required for pancreatic viability; the exocrine pancreas died in mice that were depleted of DCs and challenged with caerulein or L-arginine. All mice with pancreatitis that were depleted of DCs died from acinar cell death within 4 days. These data suggest that DC have simultaneous paradoxical pro-inflammatory and protective effects in pancreatitis. Further investigations are warranted.
Effect of nutrient management on growth, productivity and nutrient uptake of rainfed clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)in arid region

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2004 and 2005 to study the effect of chemical and biofertilizer on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rainfed clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub). Significant improvement in growth, yield and nutrient uptake was recorded with sole and integrated application of nutrients through chemical fertilizers and bio fertilizers. Application of chemical fertilizers registered significant improvement in seed yield over control and magnitude of increase with application of 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose of fertilizer (20 kg N, 40 kg P 2 O 5 /ha) was 21.1, 45.6 and 50.9 % over the control respectively. Association between Rhizobium and phosphate solublising bacteria was synergistic and inoculation of both fertilizers significantly improved the seed yield. Inoculation of Rhizobium, phosphate solublising bacteria and Rhizobium + phosphate solublising bacteria recorded 21.0, 14.0 and 24.6 % higher seed yield than the control respectively. Integration of biofertilizer with chemical fertilizer @ 50 % recommended dose of fertilizer brought significant improvement in yield and nutrient uptake over the respective sole application of chemical and biofertilizer and was comparable with application of 100 % recommended dose of fertilizer.
Effect of natural zeolite on performance, and tibia ash of broiler chicks.

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of natural zeolite and calcium (supplied by calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate) on performance, apparent digestibility of calcium and tibia ash on 480 Ross male broiler chicks. Eight experimental diets were tested in a factorial arrangement with four levels of zeolite (0, 1, 2, and 3 percent) and two levels of calcium (NRC recommended level, and 70 % of NRC level) with completely randomized design with 5 replicates and 12 chicks per replicate. The results indicated that with adding zeolite to diet, feed consumption were reduced in grower and whole period of the experiment (P<0.05), but there were not significant difference between control diet (0 % zeolite), and the diet containing 1 percent of zeolite. Adding zeolite to diets improved feed conversion ratio, not significantly. Use of zeolite in diets had no significant effects on carcass percentage, apparent digestibility of calcium, and tibia ash content, but increased relative abdominal fat content (P<0.05). With decreasing calcium level, feed consumption were increased, but weight gain and feed conversion ratio decreased in grower period (P<0.05). Decreasing calcium level in diets reduced carcass percentage, and tibia ash content significantly (P<0.05). Interaction between zeolite and calcium on tibia ash content was significant (P<0.05).
Inujjuamiut Foraging Strategies: Evolutionary Ecology of an Arctic Hunting Economy

Humans have spent most of their evolutionary history in foraging economies. Inujjuamiut Foraging Strategies evaluates the utility of models drawn from evolutionary ecology, including optimal foraging theory, in analyzing the subsistence economy of a contemporary hunting-gathering people. It synthesizes the theory and analytical techniques of evolutionary ecology and microeconomics with the general concern of anthropology, especially ecological anthropology.
The Role of Macropinocytosis in Sonic Hedgehog-Induced Axon Growth and Guidance: A Dissertation

thinking would result in increased diabetes-related goal setting. Goals during the late adolescent period would be developmentally appropriate, such as self-managing their diabetes in order to spend more time away from home with peers. However, what goals are set throughout the stages of adolescence remains unstudied. Risk and Protective Factors Health status and individual factors often influence diabetes self-management behaviors and can serve as either risk or protective factors (Knafl, Grey & McCorkle, 2006). The uniqueness and complexities of self management are influenced by many things including. The medical regimen followed, duration of illness and gender. However, there are few studies, to date, with a focus on regimen and duration of illness. Although the affect gender has on self-management has been widely studied, the findings from studies are
Breeding amiable animals? Improving farm animal welfare by including social effects in breeding programmes

Social interactions between individuals, such as co-operation and competition, are key factors in evolution by natural selection. As a consequence, evolutionary biologists have developed extensive theories to understand the consequences of social interactions for response to natural selection. Current genetic improvement programmes in animal husbandry, in contrast, largely ignore the implications of social interactions for the design of breeding programmes. Recently, we have developed theoretical and empirical tools to quantify the magnitude of heritable social effects, ie the heritable effects that animals have on their group mates’ traits, in livestock populations, and to utilise those effects in genetic improvement programmes. Results in commercial populations of pigs and laying hens indicate large heritable social effects, and the potential to substantially increase responses to selection in traits affected by social interactions. In pigs, including social effects into the breeding programme affected aggressive behaviour, both at mixing and in stable groups, indicating changes in the way dominance relationships are established and in aggressiveness. In laying hens, we applied selection between kin-groups to reduce mortality due to cannibalistic pecking. This resulted in a considerable difference in mortality between the low mortality line and the unselected control line in the first generation (20 vs 30%). Furthermore, changes in behavioural and neurobiological responses to stress were detected in the low mortality line, pointing to reduced fearfulness and stress sensitivity. These first results indicate that including social effects into breeding programmes is a promising way to reduce negative social interactions in farm animals, and possibly to also increase positive social interactions, by breeding animals with better social skills.
Resuscitation with whole body cooling prevents multiple organ damage after hemorrhagic shock in rats

Whole body cooling (WBC) has been shown to improve survival in hemorrhagic shock (HS) rat studies. We hypothesized that induction of WBC would be beneficial for multiple organ damage (MOD) during HS resuscitation. Light anesthesia was induced with ketamine in rats, and spontaneous breathing was maintained. Rectal temperature (Tr) was monitored at about 36oC. HS was induced by blood withdrawal of 6ml/100g body weight during a 60‐minute period, following by blood transfusion for a 30‐minute period. Immediately after blood transfusion, rats were randomized into three groups of 10 rats each: group 1, untreated HS rats maintained at Tr 36.5oC; group 2, HS rats maintained to Tr 37.5oC (with 36oC water blanket temperature); and group 3, HS rats maintained to Tr 34oC (with 16oC water blanket temperature). Rats were controlled at each target Tr for 30 min. It was found that resuscitation with blood, but not WBC, induced significant multiple organ dysfunction, manifested by a high plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, HS rats received blood transfusion alone has significant MOD, evidenced by a high score of lung, kidney, or liver. The MOD caused by HS were significantly attenuated by WBC, in particular with the 16oC WBC. Our data indicate that resuscitation with WBC prevents multiple organ dysfunction or damage after acute HS in rats.
Biology and behaviour.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are lethal pathogens of insects. These pathogens contribute to the regulation of natural populations of insects, but the main interest in them is as an inundatively applied biocontrol agent. Their success in this role can be attributed to the unique partnership between a host-seeking nematode and a lethal insect-pathogenic bacterium. Because of their biocontrol potential, considerable attention has been directed over the past few decades to Heterorhabditis and Steinernema and their respective bacterial partners, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus.
The role of starch physicochemical properties in determining the Glycemic Index of potatoes

Potatoes are a nutrient dense food, despite this, they are often thought of as unhealthy due to their purported high glycemic index (GI). Previously, we found a range of GI values for 8 different potato varieties when freshly cooked (range 52±4 to 81±9, p≤0.05) and that cooling cooked potatoes reduced GI by 20–50%. However, it is unclear if this effect can be seen in potatoes harvested in different years. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of variety and cooling on the GI of potatoes harvested in 2009 and 2010 and to assess the role of starch properties in determining GI. The GI of 4 potato varieties was tested in 10 healthy individuals using standard GI methodology. Each variety was consumed hot or cold (~2 days at 4°C). Cooling reduced GI by 11–54%. ANOVA showed an effect of variety and cooling (p≤0.05). Cooling significantly reduced GI in 1 variety 71±7 (hot) vs. 39±4 (cold) (p≤0.05). A positive relationship between the GI of potatoes harvested in 2009 and those harvested in 2010 was observed (R2=0.620, P=0.02). Studies suggest that these differences in GI between varieties and as a result of cooling may be due to a difference in their starch properties. To assess their role in GI, we measured the amounts of rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) in cooked potato. Contrary to some studies, RDS, SDS and RS did not explain the differences in GI we observed in the present study.
Floristic composition of wetlands of the South African section of the Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Park

A survey was conducted on the wetlands in the South African section of the Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Park (MDTP), along altitudinal gradients from the foothills to the summit plateau in six different catchments. Environmental indices of soil wetness, texture and organic contents of the soil were determined to relate wetland community types to their environment. Thirty-six plant communities were recognized with a total of 56 subcommunities. These communities fall into five different categories: I, the high-altitude fens and seepages are a loose grouping of distinct vegetation types from the summit plateau and just below; 2, hygrophilous grasslands are the marginal areas of the wetlands that are temporarily wet and dominated by grasses, most of which are common outside wetlands; 3, shrubby wetlands are in most cases hygrophilous grasslands that have been invaded by shrubby species due to disturbance; 4, mixed sedgelands are the largest grouping and are dominated by sedges or grass species that are specifically adapted to wet conditions; 5, low-altitude sedge and reedlands are vegetation types that occur only marginally in the Maloti-Drakensberg area and are dominated by Carex acutiformis and Phragmites australis . The most important variables that explain the variation in wetland egetation are altitude and soil wetness.
Evaluación de diferentes extractos vegetales contra el psílido asiático de los cítricos Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Ethanolic crude extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica), oregano (Lippia graveolens), guava (Psidium guajava), Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) and garlic (Allium sativum), were evaluated in doses of 50 and 500 ppm. Oregano oil, 2 and 4%, mixed with Tween detergent as emulsifier, was also evaluated. To determine the efficiency of these extracts either as repellents or bioinsecticides, against the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri; insects found on the plants were counted at 24 and 48h after the application; dead insects were registred only at 48h after application. The data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package SAS® System. The average values of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). The best treatment as repellent at 24h and 48h after the application was the garlic extract at a dose of 50 ppm, showing the 84.37% and 87.50%, of insects repelled, respectively. The best treatment as bioinsecticide was oregano oil 4%, showing a mortality of 70.31% of the Asian citrus psyllid. The results obtained show a promissory alternative to use the oregano oil in a program of integrated pest management.
Population estimate and inter-island movement of sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, in the Eastern Caribbean Sea

When a population extends across international boundaries, management becomes more complex. This is especially true within a confined multinational area such as the Caribbean Sea. The population size of sperm whales in the Eastern Caribbean is estimated and the inter-island movements of individuals are quantified using a database of 1,394 photographic identifications taken between 1984 and 2006 by several research groups. A total of 194 individual sperm whales were identified off the leeward coasts of the islands of Dominica, Guadeloupe, Grenada, St. Lucia and Martinique. Population size was estimated using two-component finite mixture models. About 145 (95% CI=94- 219) sperm whales used Lesser Antillean waters in 1995 and this population appears to be growing slowly. There are differences amongst the individuals in their probability of identification. Of all individuals, 57 (29.4%) were identified during more than one year between 1995 and 2006. Long-term reidentification of associated females suggests that social units may be using the area for periods of at least 11 years. Twenty seven confirmed matches were made between islands, the majority (92.6%) of which were between Guadeloupe and Dominica, although there were two longer movements by single individuals between Dominica and the islands of St. Lucia and Grenada. High reidentification rates within the Lesser Antilles and no matches with identifications from nearby seas suggest the population in the Eastern Caribbean Sea is small and quite isolated. As such, we recommend that management actions be taken on a multi-island basis for the Eastern Caribbean, by encouraging the ratification of the SPAW protocols and that the current stock classification for the North Atlantic be reconsidered.
Control of Six Morningglory (Ipomoea) Species in Soybeans (Glycine max)

A 4-yr field test was initiated in 1975 to determine susceptibility of a natural infestation of six morningglory species to herbicides which can be applied to the soil and foliage in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. The species studied were pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.), entireleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. var. integriuscula], ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. ], purple moonflower [Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. ], palmleaf morningglory [Ipomoea wrightii (Gray)], and small flower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. ]. Control with herbicides applied preplant incorporated and preemergence was dependent on morningglory species and on rainfall to allow plant uptake of the herbicide. Herbicides applied to the soil were not as effective as those applied postemergence. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] gave the best and longest lasting preemergence control, averaging 79% control for all species. Preemergence control with metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] was dependent on species, with 84% control of small flower morningglory and only 26% for ivyleaf and 18% for entireleaf morningglory. At V2 (one trifoliolate) and V5 stages of soybean growth, acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} at 0.56 kg/ha applied over-the-top and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] at 0.28 kg/ha applied post-directed gave 90 and 92% control of all species, respectively. Most effective were repeated post-directed applications at V5 and V7 stages of soybean growth. Metribuzin + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] (99%), linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] + 2,4-DB (98%), 2,4-DB (95%), and paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) + 2,4-DB (93%) provided excellent control regardless of the morningglory species.
The impact of audit quality on earnings rounding-up behaviour: some UK evidence

Previous studies (see, for example, Carslaw, 1988; Thomas, 1989; Niskanen and Keloharju, 2000; Kinnunen and Koskela, 2002; Van Caneghem, 2002) clearly suggest that public companies' managers tend to round up the first digit of reported earnings (i.e. for companies reporting profits). Based on a sample of listed UK companies and employing earnings rounding-up behaviour (henceforth ERUB) as an indication of earnings management, I attempt to determine the impact of differences in audit quality on earnings management. When I rely on the very popular brand-name proxy (i.e. BigFive versus non-BigFive auditors) to capture differences in audit quality, findings are inconsistent with BigFive auditors constraining earnings management practices (i.e. findings suggest ERUB for both BigFive and non-BigFive clients). Employing an alternative proxy (i.e. based on auditors' industry expertise), findings are only weakly consistent with specialist BigFive auditors constraining earnings management (i.e. ERUB) practices.
Investigation of preferential treatment for milk yield in Canadian Holsteins.

Milk production data collected from 1980 to 1986 for Holsteins in Canada were examined for evidence of preferential treatment of cows. Herds were split by milk-recording organization and within organization into Embryo Transfer herds, Bulldam herds, and other herds. Cows were classified as registered or grade within herds. Within-herd coefficients of variation were calculated for all herd-years and were generally higher for Bulldam herds. Cow estimated transmitting abilities (ETA) for milk yield were regressed on dam ETA and sire ETA to compare the regression coefficients with the theoretical regression coefficients and to examine the residuals. Residual variances increased with predicted ETA in all the sets of other herds and in ET herds located in Ontario. There was little evidence of effects due to preferential treatment. Frequency distributions of deviations from herd-year-season mean were calculated separately for grade and purebred cattle within lactation number and herd type. All distributions exce.
How younger siblings of children with learning disabilities understand the cognitive and social implications of learning disabilities

By using videos of children with severe learning disabilities, this study examines understanding of learning disability displayed by the younger siblings of children with learning disabilities as compared with their classmates who have had much less contact with disability. Results indicated that some children from both groups, as young as 3 years, were able to predict the difficulties that would be experienced by a child with a learning disability. Children with a greater level of understanding of the disabled child’s difficulties were more likely to be aware of the social difficulties that this child would encounter. Comparing the siblings of children with learning disabilities and their classmates, significantly more siblings showed greater overall understanding of the disabled child’s difficulties. The results suggest that it is children’s social experiences, and particularly language, that facilitate understanding. Increased understanding leads to changes in the perceived social acceptability of children with learning disabilities.