Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural and histochemical studies on heart ventricle wall in the cat.

Material from the heart ventricles of 6 sexually mature domestic cats was used in the present study. The material was processed by conventional histological and histochemical methods. Histological preparations were formalinparaffin histoslices stained with haematoxylin (according Erlich) eosin. Paraffin slices from material fixed in Carnua’a solution were stained with Maurice alcian blue, followed by a PAS reaction for viewing free and conjugated polysaccharides. Differentiation of glycosaminoglycans was done by histochemical tests using alcian blue at pH 1.0 and pH 2.5. The light microscopic study of the heart ventricle walls in the cat showed structural identity compared with that of other mammalian species. Histochemical reactions established that the heart ventricle myocardium contains both free polysaccharides (glycogen) and glucosaminoglycans of the nonsulphate type.
Loss Of Aquatic Fauna During Collection Of Penaeus Monodon Post Larvae In Tidal Water Of Mongla River, Bagerhat

The study was carried out in Mongla tidal river of Bagerhat district from May 2012 to April 2013 to ascertain the abundance of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) post larvae (PL) and to quantify the damage of different aquatic fauna during collection of P. monodon PL. It was found that around 1650 larvae of other shrimp species, 1562 fin fishes and 6787 other macrozooplankton were cruelly damaged at the time of collection just for single PL of P. monodon. During the survey period about 0.18 million man days/ year were calculated to be engaged in shrimp PL collection and on average 6.5 million of P. monodon PL were collected annually from the studied area. It was also ascertained from the present study that about 29,988 million of other shrimp species, fin fishes and macrozooplankton were destroyed annually by the shrimp seed collection activities in Mongla river. The results of the study reveals that present seed collection practice caused severe damage of other valuable aquatic fauna, which directly affect the biodiversity of neritic and offshore fauna, natural productivity of tidal waters and ecological balance of coastal and marine environment.
Características agrotecnólogicas de cana-de-açúcar em diferentes épocas de supressão de irrigação e níveis de adubação

Objetivou-se deste trabalho avaliar o desempenho agrotecnologico de duas variedades de cana-de-acucar influenciadas por diferentes epocas de supressoes de irrigacao e niveis de adubacao. As caracteristicas avaliadas foram: altura de planta (m), diâmetro do colmo (mm), n° de perfilho por m-1, Brix em caldo, Pol da cana, Pol do caldo, Acucar redutor, e Produtividade total. O experimento foi instalado em area da Fazenda Experimental da Unimontes, em Janauba na regiao Norte de Minas Gerais. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com tres repeticoes, em parcelas subdivididas (2 x 3 x 6), duas variedades de cana-de-acucar, RB85 5453 e SP80 1816, tres epocas diferentes de supressao de irrigacao (DIAP) e seis niveis distintos de adubacao NK. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e, quando houve diferenca significativa pelo teste F, realizou-se a comparacao das medias pelo teste de Scott Knott (p < 0,05) para todas as variaveis estudadas, utilizando-se do programa software SISVAR. As variedades apresentaram comportamento diferente em maturidade, tendo a variedade RB85 5453 maiores valores em qualidade tecnologica e menores indices em produtividade. As variedades obtiveram media geral de 24,3° Brix, 17,6 % Pol da cana, 21 % Pol do caldo, 0,6 % AR, 3,08 metros na altura, 29,2 mm em diâmetro, 18,9 perfilhos m-1, 11,1 colmos m-1, 159,8 t ha-1 em produtividade. As variedades responderam as diferentes epocas de supressao de irrigacao (DIAP). O nivel 6 de adubacao proporcionou melhor desempenho nas condicoes de realizacao deste trabalho. As variedades RB85- 5453 e SP80-1816 sao promissoras para regiao Nortemineira.
Comparative growth and physiological responses of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in salt tolerance to salinity and cyclic drought stress

Abstract Two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with differential salinity tolerance were compared by evaluating the growth attributes, pigment composition and accumulation of Na+, K+, Zn2+, Fe 2+, Mn 2+ and proline. Wheat cultivars Al-Moiaya (AM) (salt tolerant) and Habbe-Druma (HD) (salt sensitive) were subjected to four levels of salinity (1.21 dS m−1, 4.4 dS m−1, 8.8 dS m−1 and 13.2 dS m−1) in factorial combinations with three drought stress (FC 30%, FC 60% and FC 90%) treatments in a randomized complete block design. Plant dry weight, leaf area ratio (LAR), soluble protein and total chlorophyll (Chl) content were higher in AM than HD. Salt-tolerant AM maintains a higher K+/ Na+ ratio and thereby is able to grow better than the salt-sensitive HD under both the stresses. The lower foliar Na+ in AM resulted in retention of higher Chl content, reflected in the strong positive correlations between plant ion status and Chl contents (Na+-Chl r2 = 0.83; Chl- Fe2+ r2 = 0.76; Zn2+ r2 = 0.93 and Mn2+ r2 = 0.88). In conclusion, our results suggested that the K+/Na+ ratio, exclusion of Na+ and ion homeostasis play much more important roles in the tolerance to salinity and drought stress than the compatible osmolyte, proline.
Effects of Prescribed Burning on Herbaceous and Woody Vegetation in Northern Lowland Meadows

Abstract Spring burning of sedge‐grass meadows in the Slave River Lowlands (SRL), Northwest Territories, Canada was applied between 1992 and 1998 to reduce shrub encroachment and enhance Bison bison (bison) habitat, although the impact of fire on preferred bison forage was unknown before management. In the summer of 1998 we conducted a study in the Hook Lake area of the SRL to test the effect of burn frequency (unburned, burned once, or burned three times since 1992) on herbaceous plant community composition and Salix spp. L. (willow) shrub vigor. Plant species abundance, litter biomass, soil pH, and depth of the organic soil horizon were measured in 300 1‐m2 quadrats nested within 30 1,000‐m2 plots in both burned and unburned dry meadows. To test the relationship between frequency and willow vigor, all willow shrubs within the plots were assigned a vigor score from I (dead) to IV (flourishing). The spring burns appear to have reduced willow vigor; however, shrub survival remained high (76%) on the most frequently burned meadows. Ordination plots resulting from canonical correspondence analysis suggest that multiple spring burns influenced plant community composition in dry meadow areas and that less palatable bison forage species (e.g., Carex aenea Fern. and Juncus balticus L.) were correlated with a regime of three spring burns. Our results suggest that frequent spring fires in the Hook Lake area have only a small negative effect on willow cover but may reduce the abundance of primary bison forage plants compared with less frequently burned meadows.
Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to characterize culturable intestinal bacteria in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with cellulose or non‐starch polysaccharides from soy

Duplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), kept in seawater, were fed fish meal-based cold-pelleted diets. Diets with non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), either cellulose, purified soybean NSP or extruded purified soybean NSP at a dietary level of 100 g kg−1, were compared with a diet without supplemental NSP and a diet with soybean meal in a 28-day feeding trial. Isolation and characterizations were limited to culturable bacteria and population levels of aerobic and facultative aerobic heterotrophic autochthonous (adherent) and allochthonous (transient) bacteria present in the mid and distal intestines of Atlantic salmon fed the five different diets estimated using traditional bacteriological techniques. The presence of an autochthonous microbiota was demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy. No significant effects of diet composition were observed on total population levels of culturable bacteria present in the digestive tract, but the study showed that the composition of the gut microbiota (autochthonous or allochthonous) was sensitive to dietary changes. A total of 752 culturable isolates from the intestines were characterized by biochemical and physiological properties. Of these, 188 isolates were further characterized by partial sequencing the 16S rRNA genes. Among these, 146 isolates belonged to 31 phylotypes that were >94% identical to previously described species. However, 42 isolates showed similarity <94% to species available at the National Center of Biotechnology Information. Several of the phylotypes identified in the present study have not been reported previously in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish, including the Gram-negative bacteria Gelidibacter salicanalis, Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii, Psychrobacter aquimaris, Psychrobacter cibarius, Psychrobacter fozii, Psychrobacter maritimus, Psychrobacter okhotskensis and Psychrobacter psychrophilus. Among the Gram-positive bacteria identified were Arthrobacter bergeri, Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus, Arthrobacter rhombi, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Exiguobacterium spp. , Microbacterium oxydans, Planococcus maritimus, Sporosarcina ginsengisoli and several bacteria that have been described as unculturable previously. In addition, we identified Carnobacterium inhibens, a lactic acid bacterium that is not frequently isolated from the GI tract of fish. Psychrobacter cibarius was the dominant bacterial species and was isolated from the digestive tract of all fish investigated.
Cell Type Dependent Effects on HSV Transcription

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects both epithelial cells and neurons during the course of its lifecycle. Transcription of viral genes relies heavily on the cellular transcription machinery and chromatin remodeling complexes. Differences in the expression of transcription factors and in the epigenetic landscape in these two cell types could affect the ability of the virus to transcribe its genes and to reactivate from latency. To determine how cell type affects viral gene expression, RNA sequencing was used to quantify differences in viral transcription from wild type and mutant viruses in neurons and MRC5 cells. To ascertain if differences in the cellular epigenetic landscape affect the ability of the virus to reactivate, an in vitro model of latency was used in which viral genomes persist in a quiescent state and acquire chromatin modifications similar to in vivo latency. Adenovirus vectors were used to deliver the viral activators ICP0 and ICP4 to quiescently infected cells to determine if they could induce transcription from quiescent genomes. RNA sequencing and ChIP were used to quantify viral transcription and the binding of ICP4 to the genome. From these studies, it was concluded that i) viral gene expression from a mutant virus devoid of immediate early gene expression was highly repressed and dysregulated, ii) expression from this virus was greater in neurons than in MRC5 cells, iii) ICP4 was unable to bind to or induce expression from quiescent genomes in MRC5 cells in the absence of ICP0, iv) ICP0 removes repressive chromatin, enabling ICP4 to function on quiescent genomes in MRC5 cells, and v) ICP4 can bind to and induce transcription from quiescent genomes in neurons in the absence of ICP0. The results of these studies suggest that in the absence of immediate early gene expression, transcription from the genome is highly dysregulated and repressed. However, the degree of repression differs between cell types. Neurons were more permissive to transcription, suggesting that they are less able to repress the viral genome. Furthermore, the viral transcription factor ICP4 was unable to access repressed genomes in MRC5 cells due to the presence of chromatin on the genome. However, ICP4 was able to access some regions of repressed genomes in neurons, suggesting that the form of chromatin on these genomes is less repressive and is not uniform throughout the genome. Together, these data imply that neurons are less efficient in repressing the viral genomes, and this may allow for a finer balance of latency vs. reactivation based on the expression of viral activators and the latency associated transcript.
The Gomphidae of Algeria and the Maghreb: status, ecology and conservation (Insecta: Odonata)

A survey of the Gomphidae of Algeria and the Maghreb was carried out during the period 2013–2014. Sampling of eight main wadis across northern Algeria was undertaken and adults and exuviae were recorded. The survey yielded six species of Gomphidae. Among these, we report on the rediscovery of the Critically Endangered Lindenia tetraphylla in Algeria, recorded in the nineteenth century and deemed to have been extinct after an absence of more than a century and a half. An exuvia was collected at Wadi Saoura, which constitutes the first proof of the breeding of this species in Algeria and the third record for North Africa. We also recorded a pale form of Onychogomphus uncatus, morphologically distinct from typical Moroccan and European phenotypes, suggesting some degree of subspeciation and inviting further taxonomical investigations of the genus Onychogomphus in North Africa. Due to increasing water demand, Gomphidae and their habitats are under great pressure in the Maghreb. Specific threats and conservation measures are discussed.
Textural and Physical Properties of Acid-Induced and Potassium-Substituted Low-Sodium Surimi Gels

Textural and physical properties of acetic acid-induced and salt-induced surimi gels were evaluated. The addition of 2 to 3% acetic acid significantly decreased the shrinkage and total expressible fluid and increased fixmness compared to 0.5% acetic acid added. Acid-induced gels without starch were significantly firmer than those with starch and salts. There was no peak in storage modulus with the addition of acid in the temperature range of 32 to 43 °C, suggesting that the acid-induced gelation did not require setting as the salt-induced one. Partial substitution (1%) of KCl for NaCI did not change the storage modulus of the sol during heating and gel firmness. However, KCl and NaCI weakened the firmness of the acid-induced gel. Les proprietes texturales et physiques du surimi dont la gelatinisation a ete induite par l'acide acetique, le NaCl ou le KCl sont etudies. L'addition de 2 a 3% d'acide acetique augmente la fermete du gel par rapport a l'addition de 0,5% d'acide acetique. Les gels a pH acide et sans amidon sont plus fermes que ceux avec amidon et sels. Le chlorure de potasium ou l'acide acetique peuvent remplacer de chlorure de sodium dans la gelatinisation du surimi allege en sel.
Six New Nematode Species From the Maritime Antarctic

Six new nematode species of two genera are described from mosses on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands in the maritime Antarctic. Teratocephalus tilbrooki n. sp. is nearest to T. brevicaudatus, T. lirellus and T. deconincki but is characterised by relatively smaller post-labial cervical expansion, relatively longer post-vulval sac, body size, metarhabdion length, angle of inclination of cephalic plicae, anastomosing body annules, absence of longitudinal body ridges, common occurrence of males and greater spicule length. T. rugosus n. sp. is closest to T. subvexus, T. lirellus, T. dadayi and T. tilbrooki n. sp. but differs in body length, length of post-vulval sac and metarhabdions, presence of thirteen to seventeen longitudinal body ridges, anastomosis of some body annules, lateral fields with two crenate incisures, minutely bifurcate tail terminus, common occurrence of males and positions of anterior and posterior subventral genital papillae in males. T. pseudolirellus n. sp. is close to T. lirellus and T. terrestris but is characterised by small metarhabdions, 18-21 faint longitudinal body ridges, minutely bifurcate tail terminus, body size, very short post-vulval sac, anastomosis of some body annules, origin and termination of lateral fields, ratio of T/ABW and absence of males. Aphelenchoides vaughani n. sp. is nearest to A. cyrtus, A. echinocaudatus, A. saprophilus, A. singhi, A. spaskii and A. haguei n. sp. but is distinguished by short body length, shape of mucron, short stylet with basal swellings, short post-vulval sac, shape of lips and absence of males. A. haguei n. sp. is closest to A. arcticus, A. cyrtus, A. echinocaudatus, A. lilium, A. lucknowensis, A. saprophilus, A. singhi, A. spaskii, A. submersus and A. tumulicaudatus but is differentiated by body size, shape of mucron, length of post-vulval sac, more anterior vulva, length of stylet which has basal swellings, shape of lips, position of excretory pore, common occurrence of males and size and shape of spicules. A. helicosoma n. sp. is nearest to A. parietinus, A. fluviatilis, A. rarus and A. seiachicus but is distinguished by the characteristic curled body shape when heat killed, body size, length of basally swollen stylet, short post-vulval sac, high, round lip region, two incisures in lateral fields, position of excretory pore, hemizonid and hemizonion, common occurrence of males, expanded cloacal region, shape and size of spicules, and reflexed testis.
RESPOSTA FUNCIONAL DA JOANINHA CRYPTOLAEMUS PREDANDO COCHONILHA BRANCA EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS E SUBSTRATOS VEGETAIS

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta funcional de Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) alimentada com Planococcus citri Risso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) criada em abobora cabotcha (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moscata) (Cucurbitaceae), mudas de limao cravo (Citrus limonia) (Rutaceae) e batata (Solanum tuberosum) (Solanaceae). A taxa de predacao de C. montrouzieri foi medida utilizando-se 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 24 adultos de P. citri em placas de Petri (15 cm de diâmetro) contendo uma larva de terceiro estadio, uma de quarto estadio e um adulto recem emergido e sem distincao de sexo. O estudo foi conduzido em câmaras climatizadas com temperaturas de 25 e 30oC e fotofase de 12 horas. A taxa de predacao foi avaliada com 24 horas de exposicao do predador a presa, verificando-se o numero de presas presentes nos diferentes tratamentos e no controle. O delineamento estatistico adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos x 6 subparcelas com 7 repeticoes, nas duas temperaturas estudadas. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos a analise de variância, visando comparar o numero de cochonilhas predadas pelas larvas e adulto da joaninha criadas nos diferentes substratos. Tanto para as larvas quanto para os adultos de C. montrouzieri, a quantidade de adultos de P. citri predados aumentou com o incremento da densidade da presa ate atingir um plato (resposta funcional do Tipo II). De forma geral o numero de cochonilhas predadas pelas larvas e adultos de C. montrouzieri foi maior quando esse predador desenvolveu-se sobre os talos de batata e na temperatura de 30°C.
The impact of Meu1‐mediated resistance in tomato on longevity, fecundity and behavior of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae

The effect of the tomato resistance gene, Meu1, on feeding, longevity, fecundity and developmental rate of the pink biotype of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), was determined using nearly isogenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, Solanaceae) lines. Aphid mortality was significantly higher on resistant plants, with 60% of the aphids dying by the 4th day of exposure. By the 10th day, all the aphids on the resistant plants were dead whereas 100% of the aphids on susceptible plants were alive. Meu1‐mediated resistance resulted in significantly decreased fecundity with a ten‐fold decrease in the net fertility rate (4.5 and 45.7 progeny per aphid on resistant and susceptible tomato, respectively). A qualitative analysis showed that honeydew was produced by aphids on resistant and susceptible plants, suggesting that aphids initiate feeding on both plant types. However, significantly lower quantities of honeydew were present when aphids were caged on resistant plants. There were also significant differences in aphid location on resistant and susceptible leaves. Experiments evaluating behavior in less than 24 h showed that aphids left resistant leaves after relatively short exposure (3–6 h). Aphids transferred from resistant to susceptible tomato at intervals between 3 h and 24 h resumed feeding as evidenced by presence of honeydew. Although the mechanism by which Meu1‐mediated resistance operates is not yet known, our data suggest that resistance factors act rapidly after initiation of feeding and that lower fecundity and longevity are related to reduction in aphid feeding.
Fish Assemblage Structure and Habitat Associations in a Large Western River System

Longitudinal gradients of fish assemblage and habitat structure were investigated in the Kootenai River of northern Idaho. A total of 43 500‐m river reaches was sampled repeatedly with several techniques (boat‐mounted electrofishing, hoop nets and benthic trawls) in the summers of 2012 and 2013. Differences in habitat and fish assemblage structure were apparent along the longitudinal gradient of the Kootenai River. Habitat characteristics (e.g. depth, substrate composition and water velocity) were related to fish assemblage structure in three different geomorphic river sections. Upper river sections were characterized by native salmonids (e.g. mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni), whereas native cyprinids (peamouth Mylocheilus caurinus, northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis) and non‐native fishes (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, yellow perch Perca flavescens) were common in the downstream section. Overall, a general pattern of species addition from upstream to downstream sections was discovered and is likely related to increased habitat complexity and additions of non‐native species in downstream sections. Assemblage structure of the upper sections were similar, but were both dissimilar to the lower section of the Kootenai River. Species‐specific hurdle regressions indicated the relationships among habitat characteristics and the predicted probability of occurrence and relative abundance varied by species. Understanding fish assemblage structure in relation to habitat could improve conservation efforts of rare fishes and improve management of coldwater river systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 Release from Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Our recent studies have demonstrated that in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, alveolar epithelial cells produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an early response cytokine in the inflammatory process. To investigate whether LPS-induced TNF-α release is related to other inflammatory mediators from the same cell type, we examined effects of LPS stimulation on macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 production by alveolar epithelial cells, and then examined the relationship between TNF-α and MIP-2 production. LPS stimulation induced a dose- and time-dependent release of MIP-2. The steady-state messenger RNA level of MIP-2 was significantly increased, with the MIP-2 protein localized within alveolar epithelial cells, as determined by confocal microscopy. The LPS-induced MIP-2 production is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. TNF-α also induced MIP-2 production from alveolar epithelial cells. Preincubation with an antisense oligonucleotide against TNF-α inhibite.