Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A proposed anatomy syllabus for entry‐level physiotherapists in the United Kingdom: A modified Delphi methodology by physiotherapists who teach anatomy

The ever‐increasing scope of physiotherapy practice is raising questions on what anatomical knowledge and skills ought to be taught within qualifying physiotherapy degree programmes in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of the study was to create core anatomical knowledge and skills learning objectives to inform knowledge and skills for entry‐level physiotherapists in the UK. A two phased modified Delphi methodology created a consensual anatomy curriculum. A Research‐Team‐Expert‐Panel of four physiotherapists who teach anatomy proposed Anatomy Learning Objectives (Anat‐LOs) and accompanying clinical rationales relevant for newly qualified entry‐level physiotherapists. A Teacher‐Expert‐Panel of nine physiotherapists who taught anatomy to physiotherapy students in the UK reviewed Anat‐LOs in two consecutive Delphi Rounds, and rated and commented on each Anat‐LO. After each Delphi Round, the Research‐Team‐Expert‐Panel reviewed the ratings and comments from the Teacher‐Expert‐Panel and banked Anat‐LOs that passed the 85% acceptance threshold. There were 182 banked Anat‐LOs that spanned all eight areas: Introductory Concepts, Principles and Basic Histology; Head and Neck; Thorax; Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum; Upper Limb; Lower Limb; Spine; and Neuroanatomy regions/systems. The Anat‐LOs develop both anatomical knowledge and key anatomical skills, such as palpation and conducting manual tests on model patients. A first ever core anatomy curriculum for entry‐level physiotherapists has been created for entry‐level physiotherapists, typically Band‐5 NHS physiotherapists, and takes an integrated learning approach. The anatomy curriculum brings clarity to students, teachers, clinical supervisors and future employers on the expected anatomical standards for entry‐level physiotherapists.
Utility of forward-view endoscopic ultrasound in fine-needle aspiration in patients with a surgically altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy

Background/Aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) using oblique-view EUS in patients with a surgically altered anatomy (SAA) of the upper gastrointestinal tract is limited because of difficult scope insertion due to the disturbed anatomy. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of forward-view (FV)-EUS in performing FNA in patients with a SAA. Methods We retrospectively investigated 32 patients with a SAA of the upper gastrointestinal tract who visited Aichi Cancer Center Hospital in Nagoya, Japan, between January 2014 and December 2020. We performed-upper gastrointestinal EUS-FNA using FV-EUS combined with fluoroscopic imaging to confirm tumor recurrence or to make a decision before chemotherapy or after a failure of diagnosis by radiology. Results We successfully performed EUS-FNA in all studied patients (100% technical success), with the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of 100%, 87.5%, and 87.8%, respectively, with no complications. Conclusions EUS-FNA using FV-EUS combined with fluoroscopic imaging is an effective and safe technique for tissue acquisition in patients with a SAA.
A randomised controlled trial of the non‐inferiority of erector spinae plane block vs. thoracic paravertebral block for laparoscopic nephro‐ureterectomy

Erector spinae plane block and paravertebral block can provide analgesia for abdominal surgery. It is unclear whether erector spinae block is inferior to paravertebral block. We aimed to determine whether sufentanil dose and pain intensity (11‐point scale) to 24 h after erector spinae block exceeded those after paravertebral block by no more than 5 μg and 1 point, respectively. We randomly allocated 166 adults to 0.4 ml.kg−1 ropivacaine 0.375% before scheduled laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, 83 each to erector spinae or paravertebral injection. We measured incision pain and intra‐abdominal pain at rest and on movement 0.5 h, 2 h, 6 h, 18 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery. Median (IQR [range]) cumulative sufentanil dose after erector spinae block was 15 (5–30 [0–105]) μg vs. 20 (10–50 [0–145]) μg after paravertebral block, median (95%CI) difference 5 μg (0–10), erector spinae non‐inferiority p < 0.001. Median (IQR [range]) pain were 1.5 (1.0–2.0 [0.0–5.3]) after erector spinae block vs. 2.0 (1.0–2.5 [0.0–6.0]) after paravertebral block, median (95% CI) difference 0.3 (0.0–0.5), erector spinae non‐inferiority p < 0.001. Adverse events did not differ between groups. Erector spinae block analgesia was not inferior to paravertebral block analgesia after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.
Modelling of the magnetic behaviour of random granular superconductors by the single junction model

The magnetic measurements of the Josephson critical field and intergranular critical currents are presented for the Bi2223 compound. The investigations prove that the Josephson critical field value is mainly dependent on the intergranular critical current density. The other factors like the grain dimensions and shapes, sample porosity and density are less important. The relation between the Josephson critical field and critical current HcJ(Jc) is well described within the single junction model, Hcj∝JcλJ. The temperature dependence of HcJ can also be well fitted according to the single junction model with a critical current dependence, Jc∝(1-T/TcJ)α. The critical current density versus temperature is almost linear indicating the presence of superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) type junctions.
Model potential approach for positron-atom collisions. II. Positronium formation in excited ns states in Na, K, Rb and Cs using the first Born approximation

For pt.I see ibid., vol.13, no.9, p.1919 (1980). Cross sections are computed for positronium formation into an arbitrary excited s state during positron scattering from the alkali atoms using the first Born approximation. Considering both the post and the prior forms of the interaction potential in the calculation, the results are presented for the incident positron energies from 5 to 50 eV. From these results it is found that for the alkali atoms the Ps formation cross section satisfies the inverse n3 law consistently at all positron energies.
Evaluation of chronic cigarette smoke exposure in human bronchial epithelial cultures

Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure induces both cytotoxicity and inflammation, and often causes COPD, a growing cause of morbidity and mortality. CS also inhibits the CFTR Cl‐ channel, leading to airway surface liquid dehydration, which is predicated to impair clearance of inhaled pathogens and toxicants. Numerous in vitro studies have been performed that utilize acute (≤24 h) CS exposures. However, CS exposure is typically chronic. We evaluated the feasibility of using British‐American Tobacco (BAT)‐designed CS exposure chambers for chronically exposing human bronchial epithelial cultures (HBECs) to CS. HBECs are polarized and contain mucosal and serosal sides. In vivo, inhaled CS interacts with mucosal membranes, and BAT chambers are designed to direct CS to HBEC mucosal surfaces while keeping CS away from serosal surfaces via a perfusion system. We found that serosal perfusion was absolutely required to maintain HBEC viability over time following chronic CS exposure. Indeed, with this system, we found that CS increased inflammation and mucin levels, while decreasing CFTR function. Without this serosal perfusion, CS was extremely toxic within 24 h. We therefore propose that 5‐ and 10‐day CS exposures with serosal perfusion are suitable for measuring chronic CS exposure and can be used for monitoring new and emerging tobacco products.
Investigation of an individual with background levels of exhaled isoprene: a case study

Isoprene is one of the most abundant and most frequently evaluated volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. Recently, several individuals with background levels of exhaled isoprene have been identified. Here, case study data are provided for an individual, identified from a previous study, with this low prevalence phenotype. It is hypothesized that the individual will illustrate low levels of exhaled isoprene at rest and during exercise. At rest, the subject (7.1 ppb) shows background (μ = 14.2 ± 7.0 ppb) levels of exhaled isoprene while the control group illustrates significantly higher quantities (μ = 266.2 ± 72.3 ppb) via proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The result, background levels of isoprene at rest, is verified by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) collections with the individual showing −3.6 ppb exhaled isoprene while the room background contained μ= −4.1 ± 0.1 ppb isoprene. As isoprene has been shown previously to increase at the initiation of exercise, exercise bike experiments were performed with the individual identified with low isoprene, yielding low and invariant levels of exhaled isoprene (μ = 6.6 ± 0.1 ppb) during the exercise while control subjects illustrated an approximate 2.5-fold increase (pre μ = 286.3 ± 43.8 ppb, exercise μ = 573.0 ± 147.8 ppb) in exhaled isoprene upon exercise start. Additionally, exhaled breath bag data showed a significant decrease in isoprene (delta post/pre, p = 0.0078) of the control group following the exercise regimen. Finally, TD-GC-MS results for exhaled isoprene from the individual’s family (mother, father, sister and maternal grandmother) illustrated that the mother and father exhibited isoprene values (28.5 ppb, 77.2 ppb) below control samples 95% confidence interval (μ = 166.8 ± 43.3 ppb) while the individual’s sister (182.0 ppb) was within the control range. These data provide evidence for a large dynamic range in exhaled isoprene in this family. Collectively, these results provide additional data surrounding the existence of a small population of individuals with background levels of exhaled isoprene.
Retrieval of Cloud Water and Water Vapor Contents from Doppler Radar Data in a Tropical Squall Line

Abstract This paper describes the retrieval of cloud water and water vapor contents from Doppler radar data. The convective part of a tropical squall line (22 June 1981) observed during the COPT 81 (Convection Profonde Tropicale 1981) West African experiment, was chosen for developing a two-dimensional and steady state model for the retrieval of these parameters. The model is based upon the solution of the continuity equation for the total water substance, with wind and rain water fields specified from Doppler radar observations. The results are consistent with the previous kinematic analysis of the convective part of this squall line. Cloud water mixing ratios up to 4 g kg−1 are found in the warm and unstable inflow while unsaturated air is observed in the low level frontward cold flow. At high altitude, an important amount of condensate is transferred rearward into the stratiform part of the squall line. The paper also presents sensitivity tests of the model in order to discuss the main assumptions used.
Post‐COVID vaccination Guillain–Barre syndrome

compli-cation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 3 – 5 The patient relapsed 8 weeks after onset. 1 We should know if chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) was being considered and if the patient met the diagnostic criteria for CIDP. 5 The authors mix up electroneurography with electromyography (EMG). EMG is the examination of the skeletal muscles with needle or surface electrodes. Electroneurography, also known as nerve conduc-tion studies (NCSs), investigates the peripheral nerves. What was obviously applied in the index study is NCS but not EMG. We disagree with the statement ‘ The diagnosis of GBS is often made clinically, but lumbar puncture and EMG studies can help to substantiate the diagnosis ’ . 1 For level 1 evidence according to the Brighton criteria, axonal or demyelinating lesions on NCSs and CSF cell count <50/mL cells are mandatory for establishing the diagnosis. 6 We disagree that GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is rare. 1 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-associated GBS has been reported in at least 400 patients worldwide, 7 and it can be speculated that many more cases occurred without being reported in the literature. We disagree with the idea that acute, disseminated encephalomy-elitis (ADEM) is a differential diagnosis of GBS. 1 ADEM is a central nervous system (CNS) disorder and demyelination affects the CNS but not the PNS. A patient cannot have flaccid quadriparesis and lower limb weak-ness at the same time, as patient 4. 1 This contradiction should be clarified. Overall, the study carries obvious limitations that require re-evaluation and discussion. Clarifying these weaknesses would strengthen the conclusions and could improve the study.
Tunnelling effects induced transparent polarization manipulation

We proposed, designed and fabricated a three-layer metamaterial consisting of two layers of electrically spilt ring resonators (SRRs) and a layer of the subwavelength metal mesh symmetrically sandwiched between the two SRR layers. The numerical simulations and experimental measurements revealed that the linear-to-circular, linear-to-elliptical and linear-to-linear polarization controls can be accomplished by simply altering the polarization angle of incident waves. This transparent polarization conversion/rotator is related to the tunnelling effects of electromagnetic (EM) waves for both incident polarizations. The physical mechanism of tunnelling effect is also investigated both numerically and experimentally, and results have shown that the high-ε SRR layer facilitates the EM waves to propagate through the metal mesh layer without attenuation. In addition, the magnetic field distribution in the structure is analysed to further illustrate this tunnelling phenomenon. The thickness of this polarization device is ultra-thin compared with the wavelength, which provides a new way for designing the miniaturized and light weight quarter wave plates or other polarization manipulation devices.
Adjusting to the COVID-19 Outbreak in the United States: The impact of disruptions on habits and changes in health behaviors

The COVID-19 pandemic provides a naturalistic test of whether pandemic-related disruptions weaken habits and undermine behavior stability. We hypothesized that better capacity to effortfully guide behavior (self-regulation) would buffer this effect and be associated with behavior stability and development of new habits to accomplish daily behaviors. A cross-sectional study of 416 MTurk workers recruited in April 2020 (Mage = 34.60, SD = 11.51) indicated that pandemic-related disruptions generally exceeded people’s capacity to effortfully modify their behavior. Self-regulation related to the development of new habits and to lower likelihood that work productivity decreased. Self-regulation also protected against the effect of disruption on the likelihood that substance use increased. Besides these associations, self-regulation was largely unrelated to health-related behaviors and, in some instances, associated with poorer outcomes. These findings underscore the need to appreciate the impact of contextual disruptions in interpreting and promoting change in health-related behaviors.
Household living conditions and food insecurity in Nigeria: a longitudinal study during COVID-19 pandemic

Objective This study set out to investigate the risk of household food insecurity in Nigeria during the novel COVID-19 pandemic using a harmonised dataset of Nigeria’s prepandemic face-to-face survey and two waves of the COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey (NLPS). Setting Nigeria. Participants A representative sample of 1674 households is used in the analysis. Design A longitudinal study. Results Our longitudinal study reveals a significant increase in the prevalence of food insecurity in Nigeria during the COVID-19 crisis. For a sample of 1674 households used in the analysis, nearly 32% were moderately food insecure in the baseline survey (ie, the prepandemic period), compared with 74% and 72% that faced the same degree of food insecurity in the two waves of the COVID-19 phone survey. In like manner, not up to 4% of the households faced severe food insecurity in the prepandemic period, compared with 43% and 22% that experienced the same level of food insecurity during the period of the pandemic. Based on the available information in the dataset, we construct a composite non-monetary measure (or index) of household well-being and employ the binary logistic model to investigate the objects under study. The empirical results show that the well-being index has a strong negative association with household food insecurity. Further investigation reveals that the risk of being food insecure increases for households in relatively poor living conditions compared with those in the middle category and conversely declines for households in much better living conditions. Conclusion This study informs an understanding of the prevalence and risk of household food insecurity in Nigeria during the novel COVID-19 pandemic and provides insights that can guide policy actions in responding to the current wave of food crises in Nigeria.
Chaotic time series. Part II. System Identification and Prediction

This paper is the second in a series of two, and describes the current state of the art in modelling and prediction of chaotic time series. Sampled data from deterministic non-linear systems may look stochastic when analysed with linear methods. However, the deterministic structure may be uncovered and non-linear models constructed that allow improved prediction. We give the background for such methods from a geometrical point of view, and briefly describe the following types of methods: global polynomials, local polynomials, multi layer perceptrons and semi-local methods including radial basis functions. Some illustrative examples from known chaotic systems are presented, emphasising the increase in prediction error with time. We compare some of the algorithms with respect to prediction accuracy and storage requirements, and list applications of these methods to real data from widely different areas.
Modelling and vibration analysis of a cantilever composite beam with a transverse open crack

Abstract Eigenfrequencies of a cantilever beam, made from graphite-fiber reinforced polyimide, with a transverse on-edge non-propagating open crack are investigated. Two models of the beam are presented. In the first model the crack is modelled by a massless substitute spring. The flexibility of the spring is calculated on the basis of fracture mechanics and the Castigliano theorem. The second model is based on the finite element method (FEM). The undamaged parts of the beam are modelled by beam finite elements with three nodes and three degrees of freedom at the node. The damaged part of the beam is replaced by the cracked beam finite element with degrees of freedom identical to those of the non-cracked one. The effects of various parameters (the crack location, the crack depth, the volume fraction of fibers and the fibers’ orientation) upon the changes of the natural frequencies of the beam are studied. Computation results indicate that the decrease of the natural frequencies not only depends on the position of the crack and its depth, as in the case of isotropic material, but also that these changes strongly depend on the volume fraction of the fibers and the angle of the fibers of the composite material.
Exponentially correlated Gaussian functions in variational calculations: Energy expectation values in the ground state helium dimer

Exponentially correlated Gaussian wave functions have been employed to compute expectation values of energy operators in the electronic ground state of the helium dimer. The expectation values are calculated for a wide range of internuclear distances, 0.0⩽R/a0⩽15.0, with particular regard to small R. The results include the total and the interaction energy, the energy derivative with respect to R, and components of the kinetic and the Coulomb energy. The variation of the expectation values of the kinetic and Coulomb energy yields information on the electron cloud dynamics upon the geometry change. The electronic energy and its derivative are analyzed with respect to rigorous theoretical constrains which they should fulfill. The Thirring upper bound is evaluated from an accurate electrostatic potential computed for the beryllium atom. This potential is also used to check the accuracy of the united atom perturbation theory. Smooth transition of all the expectation values to the limit of united atom verifies the validity of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation in large energies. As the wave function used is presently the most accurate variational wave function obtained for the He2, the results reported may serve as benchmarks.Exponentially correlated Gaussian wave functions have been employed to compute expectation values of energy operators in the electronic ground state of the helium dimer. The expectation values are calculated for a wide range of internuclear distances, 0.0⩽R/a0⩽15.0, with particular regard to small R. The results include the total and the interaction energy, the energy derivative with respect to R, and components of the kinetic and the Coulomb energy. The variation of the expectation values of the kinetic and Coulomb energy yields information on the electron cloud dynamics upon the geometry change. The electronic energy and its derivative are analyzed with respect to rigorous theoretical constrains which they should fulfill. The Thirring upper bound is evaluated from an accurate electrostatic potential computed for the beryllium atom. This potential is also used to check the accuracy of the united atom perturbation theory. Smooth transition of all the expectation values to the limit of united atom verifies.
Women infertility and common mental disorders: A cross-sectional study from North India

Background Infertility is a very distressing condition. It is often associated with long-term stress, which can emerge as anxiety and depression. Aim To understand the effect of socio-demographic variables, reproductive trajectories, and lifestyle variables on stress, depression, and anxiety independently and to understand the relationship of psychological variables with each other among infertile and fertile women. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 500 women which included 250 primary infertile cases and 250 age-matched fertile controls of the age group 22–35 years. A pretested modified interview schedule was administered which included demographic variables, lifestyle variables, and reproductive trajectories. In addition, psychological tools like PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 were used to collect the data pertaining to Stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Data analysis was performed with the statistical software version SPSS, IBM version 24. Results Infertile women are more prone to various psychological disorder (stress, anxiety and depression). None of the demographic and lifestyle variables were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among infertile women. Only reproductive trajectories were found to be causing stress, anxiety, and depression respectively among infertile women. In addition, stress is leading to both anxiety and depression among infertile women but only to depression in fertile women. Conclusion Infertile women should be counselled by medical experts regarding reproductive trajectories. Infertile couples should be guided and counselled to incorporate mental health screening and treatment in their routine check-up.