Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scour holes and ripples occur below the hydraulic smooth to rough transition of movable beds

Scour holes often form in shallow flows over sand on the beach and in morphodynamic scale experiments of river reaches, deltas and estuarine landscapes. The scour holes are on average 2 cm deep and 5 cm long, regardless of the flow depth and appear to occur under similar conditions as current ripples: at low boundary Reynolds numbers, in fine sand and under relatively low sediment mobility. In landscape experiments, where the flow is only about 1 cm deep, such scours may be unrealistically large and have unnatural effects on channel formation, bar pattern and stratigraphy. This study tests the hypotheses that both scours and ripples occur in the same conditions and that the roughness added by sediment saltation explains the difference between the ripple–dune transition and the clear‐water hydraulic smooth to rough transition. About 500 experiments are presented with a range of sediment types, sediment mobility and obstructions to provoke scour holes, or removal thereof to assess scour hole persistence. Most experiments confirm that ripples and scour holes both form in the ripple stability field in two different bedform stability diagrams. The experiments also show that scours can be provoked by perturbations even below generalized sediment motion. Moreover, the hydraulic smooth to rough transition modified with saltation roughness depending on sediment mobility was similar in magnitude and in slope to ripple–dune transitions. Given uncertainties in saltation relations, the smooth to rough transitions modified for movable beds are empirically equivalent to the ripple–dune transitions. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that scours form by turbulence caused by localized flow separation under low boundary Reynolds numbers, and do not form under generalized flow separation over coarser particles and intense sediment saltation. Furthermore, this suggests that ripples are a superposition of two independent forms: periodic bedforms occurring in smooth and rough conditions plus aperiodic scours occurring only in hydraulic smooth conditions.
Agro-climatic zoning in Egypt to improve irrigation water management

Abstract The objective of this paper was to develop agro-climatic zones in the old cultivated lands of Egypt in the Nile Delta and Valley using climate normals from 1985–2014 to facilitate better irrigation water management under water scarcity conditions. 30-year monthly climate data were collected for 17 agricultural governorates in Egypt and yearly averages and 30-year averages were calculated. BISm model was used to calculate yearly averages of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and 30-year average for each governorate. Analysis of variance was done using one factor randomize complete block design, with number of years as replicates. Furthermore, the mean, the range and R2 were calculated to test the strength of the relationship between PET and climate elements. The means of PET for each governorate was separated and ranked in ascending order using least significant difference test (LSD0.05). The results identified 7 agro-climatic zones (LSD0.05 = 0.146). These zones were: (1) Alexandria; (2) Demiatte, Kafr El-Sheikh and Dakhlia; (3) El-Behira, and El-Gharbia; (4) El-Minofia, El-Sharkia, El-Kalubia, Giza and El-Fayom; (5) Beni Sweif, El-Minia, Assuit and Sohag; (6) Qena; and (7) Aswan. Such zoning will increase the ability of the Egyptian policy makers to prepare the appropriate water management and development policies as a result of the availability of proper information on each zone aiming at efficient use of the limited water resources.
Age and evolution of the Serbian Lake System: integrated results from Middle Miocene Lake Popovac

During the Early to Middle Miocene, a complex interplay of climate variability, sea level change, and Alpine tectonics resulted in the development of a series of long-lived lakes in the Dinarides and Serbian regions. While recent dating studies improved understanding of the Dinaride Lake System (DLS) evolution, independent age constraints are still lacking for the Serbian Lake System (SLS). Here, we present the results of an integrated study combining biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic dating of the sedimentary succession of ancient Lake Popovac to improve the chronostratigraphic framework and paleoenvironmental understanding of the SLS. Our biostratigraphic analyses of the mollusks and ostracods show endemic marker taxa for the Middle Miocene bioprovince of the SLS, such as Prososthenia fuchsi PAVLOVIC, ? Mediocypris sp. , and ? Dinarocythere sp. Magnetostratigraphy revealed only one normal polarity interval, with a single reversed sample on top and, combined with an 40Ar/39ArAr weighted mean crystallization age of 14.40 ± 0.01 Ma, we correlate the studied Lake Popovac succession to Chron C5ADn, with a maximum extent from 14.61-14.16 Ma. Cyclostratigraphic analysis based on magnetic susceptibility and natural gamma radiation field logs suggest insolation forcing of the succession with an upward decrease in sedimentation rate from 25 to 12 cm/kyr. While the majority of the DLS originated during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) at ~ 17 Ma and disappeared before ~ 15 Ma, the development of the SLS started around 14.5 Ma in the Langhian. Regionally overlying Serravallian marine sediments of the Central Para - tethys imply that the Serbian Lake cycle must have ended before 13.8 Ma. Initiation of SLS deposition in the study area coincided with a peak of syn-rift extension in the Pannonian back-arc basin, which apparently also affected the Peri-Pannonian realm as far south as the study area in the Morava depression.
Actitudes, conocimientos y prácticas sobre el dengue y su vector en el municipio Camagüey

Background: in the last years, epidemic dengue outbreaks occurred in the population of Camaguey. Objective: to identify attitudes, knowledge, and practices about dengue and its vector in the population. Methods: during october 2015, a survey of attitudes, practices, and knowledge about dengue and its vector was conducted of 270 people. Answers were based on Likert’s scale from 1 to 5 and its consistence was assessed with Cronbach's alpha technique. Absolute and relative frequencies were determined. To decrease the dimension of the answers, principal components technique was used. Results: 270 people were surveyed, 144 females and 126 males, with an average age of 36±16 years. Family units were composed of 3±1 people. Significative differences were not detected in the nine health areas. There was ignorance about how to control the vector. Relationships with members of the campaign are not good. Among the main risks are the need the population have to keep water in the houses and insufficient distribution. Positive attitudes are reflected but social responsibility is not enough. Conclusions: attitudes practices, and knowledge about dengue and its vector were identified. It was evident that it requires the population and leaders the need to perfect work in community areas. DeCS: DENGUE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; VECTOR CONTROL; RISK FACTORS.
Improving Aedes Mosquito Surveillance and La Crosse Virus Screening in Eastern Tennessee

La Crosse virus (LACV), transmitted by infected Aedes triseriatus, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. japonicus mosquitoes is the leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis. Severe cases of LAC encephalitis occur in individuals 16-years-old or younger and may cause permanent neurological damage or fatality. No vaccines exist making mosquito control and disease prevention crucial to public health. Effective screening and surveillance practices are key components to these goals. While a number of standard mosquito surveillance methods exist, continuous testing and improved understanding of vector biology to determine the best ways to implement these methods is important. Additionally, the current standard for screening LACV, RT-PCR, is time consuming, expensive, and inaccessible by many laboratories. I hypothesized that different LACV vectors would be active at different times (objective 1) and that a more efficient molecular method for virus detection can be developed (objective 2). For objective 1, I collected mosquitoes from 19 sites around Knox County from June-September in 2015 using traps previously found to be effective for monitoring LACV vectors. Nets were changed twice a day during “work” or “off-work” hours (9:00-17:00 or 17:00-9:00). Mosquitoes were identified and trap and time of day recorded. A total of 1,223 Aedes albopictus, 49 Ae. japonicus, and 90 Ae. triseriatus were collected. Significantly more LACV vectors were collected from 17:00-9:00. For objective 2, using a positive control, a reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method of virus detection was developed and a dilution series was conducted to compare the developed assay to the standard. Both assays were found equally effective at detecting LACV, but the RT-LAMP is preferable for cost effectiveness and reduced
MPCDiff: Testing and Repairing MPC-Hardened Deep Learning Models

—Secure multi-party computation (MPC) has recently become prominent as a concept to enable multiple parties to perform privacy-preserving machine learning without leaking sensitive data or details of pre-trained models to the other parties. Industry and the community have been actively developing and promoting high-quality MPC frameworks (e.g., based on TensorFlow and PyTorch) to enable the usage of MPC-hardened models, greatly easing the development cycle of integrating deep learning models with MPC primitives. Despite the prosperous development and adoption of MPC frameworks, a principled and systematic understanding toward the correctness of those MPC frameworks does not yet exist. To ﬁll this critical gap, this paper introduces MPCD IFF , a differential testing framework to effectively uncover inputs that cause deviant outputs of MPC-hardened models and their plaintext versions. We further develop techniques to localize error-causing computation units in MPC-hardened models and automatically repair those defects. We evaluate MPCD IFF using real-world popular MPC frameworks for deep learning developed by Meta (Facebook), Alibaba Group, Cape Privacy, and OpenMined. MPCD IFF successfully detected over one thousand inputs that result in largely deviant outputs. These deviation-triggering inputs are (visually) meaningful in comparison to regular inputs, indicating that our ﬁndings may cause great confusion in the daily usage of MPC frameworks. After localizing and repairing error-causing computation units, the robustness of MPC-hardened models can be notably enhanced without sacriﬁcing accuracy and with negligible overhead.
WORLDWIDE SURVEY REVEALS FITNESS TRENDS FOR 2010

A trend has been described as ‘‘a general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving’’ (http://dictionary.cambridge.org). It would not be unusual, then, to see the same trends appearing for multiple years in a trends survey. After all, the definition of trend includes the phrase ‘‘general development’’ as opposed to ‘‘a fashion that is taken up with great enthusiasm for a brief period’’ which is the definition of a fad (http://dictionary.reference.com). For 3 years, the editors of ACSM’s Health & Fitness JournalA have developed a survey to determine trends in the fitness industry that might help to guide health and fitness programming efforts for the New Year. The first survey (1) conducted in 2006 was the initial effort to develop a systematic way to predict the future in the health and fitness industry for 2007. A second survey (2) followed for the year 2008. This third survey of trends in the commercial, clinical, community, and corporate health and fitness industries confirmed several of the trends revealed in previous surveys. Several of the trends first identified for 2007 have moved into the top 10, and some new trends appear to be emerging for 2009. Future surveys will either confirm these new trends, or they will fall short of making an impact on the health and fitness industry. This annual survey of trends is sometimes confused with estimating the impact of certain pieces of equipment or some new exercise device on the bottom line in for-profit clubs. These survey results do not evaluate equipment, gear, tools, apparatus, or other paraphernalia that may appear at clubs or during late-night infomercials. The survey was designed to confirm or to introduce trends (not fads) that have been sustained by having a proven impact on the industry. Readers of this survey can take this information and apply it to their own settings that include commercial health clubs (forprofit), community settings (not-for-profit), corporate wellness programs, and medical fitness centers (clinical programs). The benefit to commercial settings is the establishment (or justification) of new markets, resulting in increased and sustainable revenue. Community programs can use the results to continue to justify an investment in their unique market by providing sustainable programs serving families and youth. Corporate programs and medical fitness centers will find these results useful in providing increased service to their members and patients. There were 35 possible trends in the 2009 survey. The top 25 trends from the previous year were included in the survey as were some emerging trends identified for the past 2 years by the editors of ACSM’s Health & Fitness JournalA. The editors represent all four sectors of the health and fitness industry (corporate, clinical, community, and commercial) as well as members of academia. Once the potential trends were identified, short explanations were developed to offer the respondent some details
Earth's oldest jellyfish strandings: a unique taphonomic window or just another day at the beach?

Abstract Discoidal macrofossils reported herein from the lower Cambrian Zabriskie Quartzite (Great Basin, western United States) record the oldest Phanerozoic medusozoan body fossils, as well as the oldest medusozoan stranding event on record. Moreover, these fossils provide evidence of a significant shift in the taphonomic mode characteristic of preservation of nonmineralized taxa in coarse-grained siliciclastic successions near the onset of the Phanerozoic. Taphonomic and sedimentological evidence recorded by these and younger examples of stranded Cambrian medusae is consistent in suggesting that several of the requirements for preservation of these fossils were holdovers from the Ediacaran Period, including the presence of microbial mats and a lack of carcass disturbance by scavenging and/or bioturbating taxa. To shed further light upon the taphonomic factors necessary for the preservation of Cambrian medusae, we compared the biostratinomy and sedimentology of Cambrian medusa strandings to those of Ediacara Biota assemblages from lithologically similar successions. We find key secular disparities in the taphonomic histories of these two types of fossil assemblage. Inconsistencies between the preservational styles characteristic of fossil assemblages preserved in sandstone lithofacies on each side of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary are explained by a considerable change in the preferred depositional setting in which these macrofossil assemblages are preserved. Thus, rather than documenting a single taphonomic continuum through the Precambrian–Cambrian transition, the Zabriskie and younger medusozoan body fossil assemblages record the advent of an entirely new, yet still very rarely exploited, taphonomic window exclusive to the Cambrian Period.
CP-IoT: A Cross-Platform Monitoring System for Smart Home

—Today, smart home platforms are widely used around the world and offer users automation to define their daily routines. However, individual automation rule anomalies and cross-automation threats that exist in different platforms put the smart home in danger. Recent researches focus on detecting these threats of the specific platform and can only cover limited threat plane. To solve these problems, we design a novel system called CP-IoT, which can monitor the execution behavior of the automation and discover the anomalies, as well as hidden risks among them on heterogeneous IoT platforms. Specifically, CP-IoT constructs a centralized, dynamic graph model for portraying the behavior of automation and the state transition. By analyzing two kinds of app pages with different description granularity, CP-IoT extracts the rule execution logic and collects user policy from different platforms. To detect the inconsistent behavior of an automation rule in different platforms, we propose a self-learning method for event fingerprint extraction by clustering the traffic of different platforms collected from the side channel, and an anomaly detection method by checking the rule execution behavior with its specification reflected in the graph model. To detect the cross-rule threats, we formalize each threat type as a symbolic representation and apply the searching algorithm on the graph. We validate the performance of CP-IoT on four platforms. The evaluation shows that CP-IoT can detect anomalies with high accuracy and effectively discover various types of cross-rule threats.
Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene Archaeological Record of Southern France

Resultats de l'analyse de l'industrie lithique de Terra Amata, dans le contexte des connaissances actuelles sur les industries a bifaces en Europe: presentation du site et de sa stratigraphie, permettant de subdiviser l'industrie selon 3 unites stratigraphiques. La continuite dans les caracteres techniques et typologiques atteste un comportement traditionnel assez stable. Neanmoins, des degres d'elaboration plus ou moins eleves pourraient etre en partie le resultat du changement dans la microtopographie du site. Une etude comparative de plusieurs gisements du pleistocene moyen en France et en Espagne met en evidence l'influence de la matiere premiere, confirme l'idee de progres dans les techniques de taille, mais ne justifie pas une interpretation en termes de provinces culturelles.
Poultry Gastrointestinal-derived Lactic Acid Bacteria (pGIT-d-LAB) Inhibit Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens

Background: To develop a probiotic formulation for poultry feed, a few poultry gastrointestinal derived lactic acid bacteria (pGIT-d-LAB) were isolated from chicken intestinal specimens and in vitro experiment was performed to evaluate their efficacy as potential probiotic candidate. Methods: A total of 6 strains of LAB: Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), Pediococci spp, Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) were isolated and cultured for collection of Cell Free Supernatant (CFS). CFS collected was tested against pathogenic bacterial isolated from chicken feces as well as prevalent fungal pathogens, utilizing agar-well diffusion techniques. A preliminary investigation into the susceptibility of the pathogens to diverse antibiotics and antifungal drugs was conducted. Bacterial pathogens exhibiting resistance to a minimum of three classes of antibiotics were subsequently identified for pGIT-d-LAB CFS screening. Results: The observed results revealed that the CFS derived from the isolates exhibited varying degrees of growth inhibition against different pathogens. Among the tested pGIT-d-LAB isolates, L. acidophilus demonstrated the most prominent zone of inhibition, measuring 18 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae ZTAC 1233. Notably, Citrobacter diversus ZTAC 1255 showed resistance to all tested pGIT-d-LAB. Quantification of the metabolites produced was performed, and peak production levels was determined. L. acidophilus produced the highest amount of lactic acid (1.789g/l), Pediococci spp. produced the highest amount of diacetyl and H202 (1.918g/l) (0.0025g/l) at 48 hr peak values respectively. Conclusion: The test isolates are potential probiotic candidates for controlling pathogens in poultry.
Socio-economic development of tourist destinations: A cross-country analysis

The study aims to investigate the characteristics of socio-economic development in the context of countries’ tourism advancement. The paper analyzes the Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) and the Happiness Rating (HR). The sample covers data from 102 countries for the year 2021. The analysis showed that there are differences in the relationships between TTDI and HR, as well as their sub-indices, among groups of countries distributed according to income level. The research methodology includes the use of such methods as correlation analysis to determine the relationships between indicators like factor analysis to identify the degree of indicators' influence on the sample and a graphical method to visualise the analysis results. The study uses the World Bank approach to classify countries into income groups. The study confirms that a country's welfare level is one factor that determines patterns in various areas, including tourism.
Ontogenetic and stratigraphic cranial variation in the ceratopsid dinosaur 'Triceratops' from the Hell Creek Formation, Montana

Although they have been considered distinct genera for over a century, ontogenetic analyses reveal that Triceratops and 'Torosaurus' actually represent growth stages of a single genus. Major changes in cranial morphology – including the opening of parietal fenestrae and the elongation of the squamosals occur rapidly, very late in Triceratops ontogeny and result in the characteristic 'Torosaurus' morphology. This report presents the results of a ten year field study of the dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and is based on a collection of over 50 specimens of Triceratops, including over 30 skulls, which have been amassed in that time, in addition to specimens from numerous other North American museums. This large sample of individuals reveals the full ontogenetic spectrum of Triceratops. The synonymy of Triceratops and 'Torosaurus' contributes to an unfolding view of extremely reduced dinosaur diversity just before the end of the Mesozoic Era.
The evolution of Miocene surface and near-surface marine temperatures: Oxygen isotopic evidence

Oxygen isotopic analyses of planktonic foraminifera have provided a picture of many aspects of the evolution of the temperature structure of surface and near-surface oceans during the Miocene. In time slice studies oceanographic conditions have been interpreted from synoptic maps of isotopic data at between 22 and 27 locations in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Three time slice intervals were examined: 22 Ma (foraminifera! zone N4B) and 16 Ma (N8) in early Miocene time; and 8 Ma (N17) in late Miocene time. In time series studies, the evolution of oceanographic conditions at single localities during an extended period of time were inferred from <5O values of planktonic foraminifera. Surface waters warmed throughout the early Miocene at almost all localities examined. At 22 Ma, the Pacific Ocean was characterized by relatively uniform temperatures in the equatorial region but a marked east-west asymmetry in the tropical South Pacific, with higher temperatures in the west. Between 22 Ma and 16 Ma, tropical Pacific surface waters warmed, but wanned more in the east than the west. At 16 Ma, the asymmetric distribution of temperatures in the South Pacific Ocean remained, and the latitudinal temperature gradient, inferred from the isotopic data, was gentler than that of either the late Miocene or Modern ocean. Between the late early Miocene and late Miocene, surface waters at most lowlatitude Pacific sites warmed while those at high latitudes cooled or remained unchanged. However, surface waters at high northern latitudes in the Atlantic Ocean as well as in the eastern equatorial Atlantic cooled, while water temperatures remained •Present address: Department of Geological and Geophysical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.