Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protects against Tuberculosis A Novel Human IgA Monoclonal Antibody

Abs have been shown to be protective in passive immunotherapy of tuberculous infection using mouse experimental models. In this study, we report on the properties of a novel human IgA1, constructed using a single-chain variable fragment clone (2E9), selected from an Ab phage library. The puriﬁed Ab monomer revealed high binding afﬁnities for the mycobacterial a -crystallin Ag and for the human Fc a RI (CD89) IgA receptor. Intranasal inoculations with 2E9IgA1 and recombinant mouse IFN- g signiﬁcantly inhibited pulmonary H37Rv infection in mice transgenic for human CD89 but not in CD89-negative littermate controls, suggesting that binding to CD89 was necessary for the IgA-imparted passive protection. 2E9IgA1 added to human whole-blood or monocyte cultures inhibited luciferase-tagged H37Rv infection although not for all tested blood donors. Inhibition by 2E9IgA1 was syner-gistic with human rIFN- g in cultures of puriﬁed human monocytes but not in whole-blood cultures. The demonstration of the mandatory role of Fc a RI (CD89) for human IgA-mediated protection is important for understanding of the mechanisms involved and also for translation of this approach toward development of passive immunotherapy of tuberculosis. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 3113–3119. equal variance and two-tailed distribution or using the ANOVA test with multiple comparisons of means. The correlation coefﬁcient was calculated for CFU counts and the area of granulomatous inﬁltration of lungs in in- dividual infected mice. Differences in mean RLU values, reﬂecting infection of human blood cells in vitro, were evaluated by the two-sample t test.
CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SOLUTIONS OF THE NAVIER-STOKES SYSTEM IN RN

In this paper, we study the relationship between the long time behavior of a solution u(t, x) of the Navier-Stokes system with no external force in R and the asymptotic behavior as |x| → ∞ of its initial value u0. In particular, for initial values u0 small in a certain sense, we show that if the sequence of dilations λnu0(λn·) converges weakly to z(·) as λn → ∞, then the rescaled solution √ tu(t, · √ t) converges uniformly on R to S(1)z along the subsequence tn = λn, where S(t) is the Navier-Stokes flow. If N = 2 or 3, we show there exists an initial value U0 such that the set of all possible z attainable in this fashion is a closed ball B of an infinite-dimensional space. The resulting “universal” solution is therefore asymptotically close along appropriate subsequences to all solutions with initial values in B. Moreover, for a fixed t0 > 0, S(t0) followed by an appropriate dilation generates a chaotic discrete dynamical system.
Myocardial Infarction Following Coronary Ligation in Dogs

In the subacute phase of myocardial infarction following coronary ligation in dogs, a relationship was noted between the extent of infarction and the degree of elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Left ventricular filling pressure was consistently increased when 25% or more of the left ventricle was infarcted. Isoproterenol infusion resulted in enhanced left ventricular function in both control and infarcted dogs, but the response was clearly weakened in those animals in which more than 20% of the left ventricle was infarcted. Acetylstrophanthidin caused no improvement in left ventricular function in infarcted dogs as judged by the relationship between filling pressure and cardiac output. The peak rate of rise of left ventricular pressure did increase in animals with infarcts, but was less than that in controls. Animals with infarcts had a lowered threshold for production of ventricular tachycardia by acetylstrophanthidin. These results in dogs suggest the need for further assessment of the role of digitalis in the treatment of heart failure following acute myocardial infarction.
SimultaneousMeasurementof Estrogenand ProgesteroneReceptorsin TumorCytosolswith Use of 1251-Labeled Estradioland of 3H-R5020

We describe a dual-isotope assay for measuring the concentration of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors in tumor cytosols. The concentrations of these receptors are derived from separate Scatchard-plot analyses of a single dextran-coated charcoal assay that incorporates both radioiodinated estradiol and tritiated R5020 as the labeled ligands. The two isotopes, radiolodine and tritium, are easily measured with a liquid-scintillation counter. The concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptors derived fromthe dual-label assay are identical to values derived from the respective single-label assays. Moreover, values obtained from an assay with dextran-coated charcoal that incorporates radioiodinated estradiol are identical to those obtained from an assay in which tritiated estradiol is used as the labeled ligand. The dual-isotope assay requires both less time and less tissue. or an-drogens (1-3). However, there is objective tumor remission after such in only 25% of patients with breast cancer.
Anodic Oxidation of Industrial Winery Wastewater Using Different Anodes

: Winery wastewater represents the largest waste stream in the wine industry. This deals with the mineralization of the organic matter present in winery wastewater using anodic oxidation and two types of anodes—namely, a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) and two mixed metal oxides (MMO), one with the nominal composition Ti/Ru 0.3 Ti 0.7 O 2 and the other with Ti/Ir 0.45 Ta 0.55 O 2 . To conduct the study, the variability of different quality parameters for winery wastewater from the Chilean industry was measured during eight months. A composite sample was treated using anodic oxidation without the addition of supporting electrolyte, and the experiments were conducted at the natural pH of the industrial wastewater. The results show that this efﬂuent has a high content of organic matter (up to 3025 ± 19 mg/L of total organic carbon (TOC)), which depends on the time of the year and the level of wine production. With MMO electrodes, TOC decreased by 2.52% on average after 540 min, which may be attributed to the presence of intermediate species that could not be mineralized. However, when using a BDD electrode, 85% mineralization was achieved due to the higher generation of hydroxyl radicals. The electrolyzed sample contained oxamic, acetic, and propionic acid as well as different ions such as sulfate, chloride, nitrate, and phosphate. These ions can contribute to the formation of different species such as active species of chlorine, persulfate, and perphosphate, which can improve the oxidative power of the system. diamond (BDD) electrode supplied by Adamant Technologies, which had a 2.75-thick diamond layer doped with a concentration of 500 ppm of boron, (2) a mixed metal oxide (MMO-Cl 2 type: nominal composition Ti/Ru 0.3 Ti 0.7 O 2 ), and (3) a mixed metal oxide (MMO-O 2 type: nominal composition Ti/Ir 0.45 Ta 0.55 O 2 ) both from NMT Electrodes PTY LTD (Pinetown, South Africa). A stainless-steel plate (AISI 304) was used as the cathode for each electrolysis. The electrodes had a geometric area of 5 cm 2 , with an inter-electrode gap of 1 cm. All the experiments were performed twice applying a current density of 30 mA/cm 2 . To remove impurities from the surfaces of the cathode and anode, the electrodes were previously polarized in a 0.50 M of H 2 SO 4 solution at 50 mA/cm 2 for 40 min.
Long-Term Outcomes After Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Surgery

Purpose: To report anatomic and logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes with long-term follow-up after pars-plana vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane peeling (PPV-MP). Design: A retrospective case-series. Participants: Patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) who underwent PPV-MP performed by one surgeon. Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded as a logMAR preoperatively and, when available, at 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10 years after surgery. The integrity of outer retinal layers was evaluated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative BCVA at different follow-up visits and its correlation with different OCT parameters. Results: Fifty- ﬁ ve eyes of 49 patients were followed postoperatively with a mean of 8.6± 2.6 years (median: 9 years, range 5 – 16 years). The mean BCVA improved from 0.56±0.29 (20/72) preoperatively to 0.33±0.25 (20/42) at 1 year, 0.29±0.27 (20/38) at 2 years, 0.25±0.28 (20/35) at 3 years, 0.29±0.32 (20/38) at 5 years, 0.28±0.31 (20/38) at 8 years, and 0.28±0.25 (20/38) at 10 years (p<0.001). The BCVA improved at each of the ﬁ rst 3 years postoperatively and remained stable at 5, 8, and 10 years. Postoperative improvement in the integrity of ELM, and EZ, on SD-OCT correlated with improved BCVA. Conclusion: BCVA continues to improve after PPV-MP during the ﬁ rst 3 years postoperatively and remains stable. Improved anatomic integrity of outer retinal layers correlated with improved BCVA. Optometry; Visual science; Pharmacology and drug therapy in eye dis- eases; Basic Sciences; Primary and eye care; Patient
A Lagrange multiplier test for testing the adequacy of constant conditional correlation GARCH model

ABSTRACT A Lagrange multiplier test for testing the parametric structure of a constant conditional correlation-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (CCC-GARCH) model is proposed. The test is based on decomposing the CCC-GARCH model multiplicatively into two components, one of which represents the null model, whereas the other one describes the misspecification. A simulation study shows that the test has good finite sample properties. We compare the test with other tests for misspecification of multivariate GARCH models. The test has high power against alternatives where the misspecification is in the GARCH parameters and is superior to other tests. The test is not greatly affected by misspecification in the conditional correlations and is therefore well suited for considering misspecification of GARCH equations.
Spectral Subtraction Based on Minimum Statistics

This contribution presents and analyses an algorithm for the enhancement of noisy speech signals by means of spectral subtraction. In contrast to the standard spectral subtraction algorithm the proposed method does not need a speech activity detector nor histograms to learn signal statistics. The algorithm is capable to track non stationary noise signals and compares favorably with standard spectral subtraction methods in terms of performance and computational complexity. Our noise estimation method is based on the observation that a noise power estimate can be obtained using minimum values of a smoothed power estimate of the noisy speech signal. Thus, the use of minimum statistics eliminates the problem of speech activity detection. The proposed method is conceptually simple and well suited for real time implementations. In this paper we derive an unbiased noise power estimator based on minimum statistics and discuss its statistical properties and its performance in the context of spectral subtraction.
against Glucocorticoid-Induced Cell Death Protection of Effector Memory T Cells Acid Sphingomyelinase Is Required for

The activity of acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) was previously reported to be involved in glucocorticoid-induced cell death (GICD) of T lymphocytes. This mechanism in turn is believed to contribute to the therapeutic efﬁcacy of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the treatment of inﬂammatory diseases. In this study, we reassessed the role of aSMase in GICD by using aSMase knockout mice. The absence of aSMase largely abolished the partial protection that effector memory CD4 + T cells in wild-type mice possess against GICD. Reduced IL-2 secretion by aSMase-deﬁcient CD4 + T cells suggested that a lack of this important survival factor might be the cause of these cells’ enhanced susceptibility to GICD. Indeed, addition of IL-2 restored the protection against GICD, whereas neutralization of IL-2 abrogated the otherwise protective effect seen in wild-type effector memory CD4 + T cells. The therapeutic implications of the altered sensitivity of aSMase-deﬁcient T cells to GICD were assessed in models of inﬂammatory disorders; namely, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and acute graft-versus-host disease. Surprisingly, GC treatment was equally efﬁcient in both models in terms of ameliorating the diseases, regardless of the genotype of the T cells. Thus, our data reveal a hitherto unrecognized contribution of aSMase to the sensitivity of effector memory CD4 + T cells to GICD and call into question the traditionally attributed importance of GICD of T cells to the treatment of inﬂammatory
TUNA FISHERIES IN THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN, 1993-1998

Since 1993, foreign purse-seine and longline tuna fleets fishing in the eastern Indian Ocean have landed their catches at Phuket Port, Thailand. Landing surveys were needed to collect fishing data on tunas ( e.g . catch, effort, individual fork length and weight). Tuna purse-seine vessels were 56-79 m in length, with steel hulls. The purse seines were 1,500-1,800 m long and 180-290 m deep. The season with peak catches was during the northeast monsoon. The highest total landings and value of tunas was recorded in 1998 (23,838 t and US$42.07 million), and the lowest in 1997 (11,991 t and US$16.91 million). The catch of tunas comprised skipjack ( Katsuwonus pelamis ), yellowfin ( Thunnus albacares ) and bigeye tuna (T. obesus). About 200 tuna longline fishing boats were recorded in the area. They were 13-21 m in length, with wood, fibreglass or steel hulls. Peak catches were recorded during the northeast monsoon season. The highest total landings was recorded in 1996 (2,902 t) and the highest total value in 1997 (13.52 US$). The longline catch comprised yellowfin and bigeye tuna, swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ), billfish ( Makaira spp., Tetrapturus spp., Istiophorus spp.), and requiem sharks ( Carcharhinus spp). The size composition of tunas differed depending on the type of gears, with mainly small (immature) fish caught by purse seines and large mature) fish by longlines. Also, the production and catch per unit effort of both gears were strongly impacted by the status of tuna resources in the eastern Indian Ocean. The present study is an important data base for the analysis of stock assessment and management of tuna resources in the eastern Indian Ocean.
Functional Analysis of the Human Variants of BCRP: I206L, N590Y and D620N

ATP-binding SNP, polymorphism; P-gp, P-glycoprotein; kidney cells; Abstract Previous studies have shown that the V12M and Q141K variants of BCRP can affect expression and function of the transporter. In this study, the effects of the I206L, N590Y and D620N variants on protein expression, plasma membrane localization and transport activity of BCRP were investigated. Wild-type BCRP and the three variants were stably expressed in HEK cells. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that the three variants were predominantly routed to the plasma membrane of HEK cells. The expression level of I206L in the plasma membrane was approximately 45% of that of wild-type protein, while the N590Y and D620N levels were increased approximately 3.6-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, as determined by immunoblotting. All the three variants transported mitoxantrone, pheophorbide a and BODIPY-prazosin. After normalization for differences in BCRP expression, I206L, N590Y and D620N exhibited approximately 2-fold, 0.3-fold, and 0.5-fold wild-type efflux activities, respectively. The variants also conferred resistance to mitoxantrone and topotecan. Mitoxantrone and topotecan resistance by I206L and N590Y was approximately 2-fold and 0.3-fold of the wild-type BCRP resistance levels, respectively. While D620N conferred a similar topotecan resistance as the wild-type protein, its level of mitoxantrone resistance was decreased by 50%. After normalization to BCRP expression levels, ATPase activities of I206L were not significantly different from those of wild-type protein, whereas N590Y and D620N exhibited approximately 30% and 50% of wild-type ATPase activities, respectively. These results suggest that I206L has the lowest protein expression and the highest activity, while N590Y and D620N display higher expression and lower activity, relative to wild-type BCRP. the phycoerythrin-conjugated mouse IgG2b as a negative control for 30 min at room temperature. Cells were then washed once with PBS and placed on ice in the dark until analyzed. Within one hour, cells were analyzed on a BD FACSCAN flow cytometer equipped with a 488 nm argon laser and 585 nm bandpass filter. Ten thousand (10 4 ) events were collected. Cell debris was eliminated by gating on forward versus side scatter. The differences in phycoerythrin fluorescence between cells incubated with the 5D3 and the control antibodies were used to express the relative cell surface expression levels of wild-type BCRP and its variants.
15 Assessment of Nutritional Status of PreSchool Children: A Key Indicator of Sustainable Development in Slum Areas of Raiganj City, West Bengal, India

Prevalence of malnutrition among children is a major challenge in human development of India. It is also an important indicator of sustainable development, especially in the deprived areas like slums. The present study investigates the age and sex wise nutritional status of pre-school children of slum areas in Raiganj to understand the prevalence of malnutrition. A cross-sectional study has been carried out using primary data (n = 122) collected from selected slums. Height and weight of the children aged 2-5 years were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Anthropometric indices of weight for age and height for age were used to estimate the nutritional status of the children. BMI thinness classification was also done. Stunting (HAZ) and underweight (WAZ) occurred in 55% and 33% respectively. HAZ and WAZ mean scores of the children were -1.74 (SD: 1.15) and -1.54 (SD: 0.70) respectively. Boys were more underweight (42%) than girls (20.8%) and similar pattern were observed in stunting where boys were again more stunted (59.4%) than girls (49.1%). Using the 2007 WHO BMI thinness classification, majority of the children exhibited grade 1 thinness (48.36%) which was predominantly Sustainability at the ages of 4 and 5 years for both boys and girls. The gender wise, 43.48% boys and 54.72% girls fall within the grade 1 thinness category. Based on WHO standard, severe malnutrition occurred in 14.75% of the children. So, efforts should be made to reduce the malnutrition among the pre-school children of concerned slum areas. Holistic approach and awareness of local people is necessary to encounter this
Why Do Students Leave? An Investigation Into Why Well-Supported Students Leave a First-Year Engineering Program

This complete research paper examines retaining traditionally underrepresented groups (URGs) in STEM fields. For the purposes of this paper underrepresented groups include women, first-generation students, and underrepresented minorities (URMs). The retention of URM students in STEM fields is a current area of focus for engineering education research. Following a literature review and examination of best practices in retaining the targeted group, a cohort-based, professional development program with a summer bridge component was developed at a large land grant institution in the Mid-Atlantic region with a programmatic goal to increase retention of underrepresented students in the engineering college which, ultimately, may increase diversity in the engineering workforce. The program focuses on cohort building, teamwork, mentorship, and developing an engineering identity. Students participate in a week-long summer bridge component prior to the start of their first semester. During their first year, students take a class as a cohort each semester, participate in an industrial site visit, and interact with faculty mentors. Since 2016, the Academy of Engineering Success (AcES) program has been funded by a National Science Foundation (NSF) S-STEM grant which provides scholarships to eligible program participants. Scholarships start at $4,500 during year one and are renewable for up to five years with an incremental increase of $1000 annually for years two through four. Even with the professional development program providing support and scholarships alleviating the financial burden of higher education, students still leave engineering. The 2016-2017 cohort consisted of five scholarship recipients, with three remaining in engineering in fall 2018, the beginning of their third year. The 2017-2018 cohort consisted of seven scholarship recipients, with five remaining in engineering in fall 2018, their second year. While the numbers of this scholarship group are small, their retention rate is alarmingly below the engineering college retention rate. Why? This paper presents the results of additional investigations of the overall AcES program cohorts (not only the scholarship recipients) and their non-program peers with the aim of determining predictors of retention in the targeted demographic. Student responses to three survey instruments: GRIT, MSLQ, the program they participated in was strongly rooted in retention based literature. Student responses on program exit surveys were also analyzed to determine non-programmatic elements that may cause students to leave engineering. Results of this research are presented along with “lessons learned” and suggested actions to increase retention among the targeted population.
Local Gate Control in Carbon Nanotube Quantum Devices

This thesis presents transport measurements of carbon nanotube electronic devices operated in the quantum regime. Nanotubes are contacted by source and drain electrodes, and multiple lithographically-patterned electrostatic gates are aligned to each device. Transport measurements of device conductance or current as a function of local gate voltages reveal that local gates couple primarily to the proximal section of the nanotube, hence providing spatially localized control over carrier density along the nanotube length. Further, using several different techniques we are able to produce local depletion regions along the length of a tube. This phenomenon is explored in detail for different contact metals to the nanotube. We utilize local gating techniques to study multiple quantum dots in carbon nanotubes produced both by naturally occurring defects, and by the controlled application of voltages to depletion gates. We study double quantum dots in detail, where transport measurements reveal honeycomb charge stability diagrams. We extract values of energy-level spacings, capacitances, and interaction energies for this system, and demonstrate independent control over all relevant tunneling rates. We report rf-reflectometry measurements of gate-defined carbon nanotube quantum dots with integrated charge sensors. Aluminum rf-SETs are electrostatically coupled to carbon nanotube devices and detect single electron charging phenomena