Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'estructura geologica de la meitat occidental de l'illa de mallorca

Mallorca forma parte de la prolongacion de la cordillera betica hacia el Noreste. Se describen aspectos estratigraficos y estructurales de la Isla de Mallorca centrandose en su mitad occidental, que muestra las caracteristicas tipicas de un sistema de cabalgamientos. Parte de Mallorca esta recubierto por sedimentos post-orogenicos del mioceno superior. Se distinguen tres cordilleras de direccion Noreste Sudoeste limitadas por fallas normales. Estas cordilleras estan constituidas por rocas del Triasico al Mioceno medio reiteradamente superpuestas por cabalgamientos dirigidos al Noroeste. En la historia geologica de Mallorca se pueden diferenciar tres episodios principales: La extension mesozoico paleogena, la comprension oligomiocena y la extension posterior al mioceno medio. Se presenta el perfil sismico MAP77-70 para estudiar la estructura profunda de Mallorca, la estructura deducida a partir de este perfil es similar y complementa la deducida a partir de datos superficiales. Se ha construido un corte geologico compensado a traves de la totalidad de la Isla de Mallorca que muestra un acortamiento minimo de 84 Km. Este acortamiento se produjo entre el oligoceno superior y el serravaliense medio.
Observations on the Geographic Variation in Ambystoma cingulatum

appearance, this species is similar to the North American genus Gopherus. It is restricted to the steppe areas of Argentina, extreme southern Bolivia, and western Paraguay. Only in Bolivia does it seem to be geographically sympatric with G. denticulata. Twenty-eight adults of G. chiliensis (18 males and 10 females, all from near Cordoba, Argentina) were confined in the same enclosure as the specimens of G. carbonaria and G. denticulata. No head movements not associated with olfaction were ever observed in
Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from three livestock production systems in Ethiopia

Purpose Different livestock production systems contribute to globally Greenhouse gas emission (GHG) emission differently. The aim of this paper is to understand variation in emission in different production systems and it is also important for developing mitigation interventions that work for a specific production system. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors used the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment interactive model (GLEAM-i) to estimate the GHG emission and emission intensity and tested the effectiveness of mitigation strategies from 180 farms under three production systems in northern Ethiopia, namely, pastoral, mixed and urban production systems. Findings Production systems varied in terms of herd composition, livestock productivity, livestock reproductive parameters and manure management systems, which resulted in difference in total GHG emission. Methane (82.77%) was the largest contributor followed by carbon dioxide (13.40%) and nitrous oxide (3.83%). While both total carbon dioxide and methane were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in urban production system than the other systems emission intensities of cow’s milk and goat and sheep’s meat were lower in urban systems. Improvement in feed, manure management and herd parameters resulted in reduction of total GHG emission by 30, 29 and 21% in pastoral, mixed and urban production systems, respectively. Originality/value This study is a first time comparison of the GHG emission production by various production systems in northern Ethiopia. Moreover, it uses the GLEAM-i program for the first time in the ex ante settings for measuring and comparing emissions as well as for developing mitigation scenarios. By doing so, it provides information on the various livestock production system properties that contribute to the increase or decrease in GHG emission and helps in developing guidelines for low emission livestock production systems.
A Stereolithography System for 3D Low Cost Components

1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Vadgaon Bk. , Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411041, India 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, PDEA’s College of Engineering, Manjari Bk. , Pune, Maharashtra 412307, India 3 Mechanical Engineering Department, M.E. S. College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra 411001, India 4 Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Karad, Maharashtra 415124, India
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hempcrete

Environment-friendly materials attract attention whilst the construction sector causes excessive global energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gas. Renewable plant-based biomaterials, which have a low environmental impact, are very beneficial in order to prevent environmental pollution and to preserve natural resources. Hempcrete provides environment-friendly construction materials as well as thermal and hygroscopic properties.This paper presents a review of hempcrete research about understanding the environmental effects and construction methods of hempcrete; moreover, the benefits and innovations it has provided throughout its life cycle, have been investigated.For this purpose, experimental studies of hempcrete were compared to each other in all aspects in order to determine density, thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, hygrometric behavior, durability, acoustic absorption, mechanical properties and life cycle analysis. Moreover, binder characteristics, hemp shiv proportions, water content, curing conditions and results have been focused on to explain the benefits of hempcrete.The results obtained show that hempcrete has high porosity and vapor permeability, medium-low density, low thermal conductivity, Young’s modulus and compressive strength.Based upon the findings of the studies reviewed, hempcrete is an advantageous material in buildings with its extraordinary thermal and hygrometric behaviour. Hemp is also an eco-friendly and economical plant-based raw material for the construction industry.
Future Direction for Managing N and P on Dairy Farms

Dairy manure contains macro and micronutrients which are valuable nutrients for crop growth when applied to land. However, manure nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), can become potential pollutants contaminating the environment such as air, soil, and ground and surface water if manure is not properly managed in farms and properly applied to land. Due to growing environmental concerns, efforts to lower N and P excretions from cows and N and P losses during manure storage and after manure application need to be made in dairy operations. Nitrogen and P excretion from dairy cows can be reduced through diet manipulation. Formulating diets meeting or being slightly lower than the N and P requirements for lactating cows (i.e., avoiding excessive dietary N and P) is the most effective be fed with caution because dairy production can be impaired depending on the degree of N and manure storage through ammonia volatilization, which causes odor and air pollution. Moreover, N losses during manure storage decrease manure quality as fertilizer (relatively low N and high P), causing potential over-application of P to the Covering lagoons and treating manure with ammonia volatilization from manure. Extracting 1Contact at: 313 Gerlaugh Hall, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH, (330) 263-3794, lee.7502@osu.edu. P from manure by adding chemicals and/or centrifuging can avoid over-application of manure P to land. After manure application, N and P are also lost through volatilization, leaching, and runoff, causing surface water pollution. Selecting proper manure application techniques, crop rotation, and application timing can help not only minimize N and P losses from manured soil but also improve crop production. In conclusions, there are a number of strategies that are effective in lowering N and P losses in dairy operations. When those strategies are applied in combination, the effectiveness in lowering N and P losses would be greater. In addition to these strategies, producers need to monitor their feed, manure, and soil for N and P concentrations, which can identify the opportunities to minimize N and P losses and then environmental impacts in individual farms because dairy farms have various feeding and manure management systems.
On a Particular Class of Minihypers and its Applications. III. Applications

In the first two articles of this series, the structure of certain minihypers was determined. Hamada shows how these results translate into results on linear codes meeting the Griesmer bound, while Govaerts and Storme show how they can be applied to obtain bounds on the size of maximal partial t-spreads and minimal t-covers in finite projective spaces that admit a t-spread. In this article, further applications are given. It is shown that the previously studied minihypers are closely connected to partial t-spreads andt-covers of finite classical polar spaces whose size admits a t-spread. This connection is used to obtain new bounds on the sizes of maximal partial t-spreads of finite classical polar spaces whose sizes admit t-spreads. In order to get a clearer view on which polar spaces these are, divisibility conditions are rewritten into a more convenient form. This yields necessary conditions for the existence of t-spreads in those spaces; it turns out that for some of the polar spaces these conditions are also sufficient. The results on minihypers are then applied to t-covers of the classical polar spaces, and give us a better understanding of their structure. As an immediate corollary to an extendability result for partial t-spreads, a theorem on the extendability of partial ovoids ofH(3,q2) is given. This theorem is then used to prove a new upper bound on the size of partial ovoids of H(4,q2), which can be lifted to an upper bound on the size of partial ovoids ofH(2n, q2), n ≥ 2. Also partial ovoids on the generalized hexagon H(q) are studied.
A leaf disk assay for detecting resistance to early blight caused by Alternaria solani in juvenile potato plants

Resistance to early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, was examined using leaf disks from plants of 10 cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown in a growth chamber or greenhouse. Disks (14 mm diameter) were cut from five leaves of equivalent maturity per cultivar, 21-80 days postemergence. The leaf disks were spray-inoculated with a conidial suspension of A. solani, floated on solutions containing either 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), abscisic acid (ABA), or H 2 O, and incubated at 22 C in the dark for 3-5 days. Estimates of susceptibility, which correlated highly with observations of early blight in Wisconsin field trials, were obtained when leaf disks were floated on 10.7 μM NAA (r=0.86) or 4.0 μM 2,4-D (r=0.71)
Estimating Exhaust Gas Emissions from Ships on Port of Zonguldak

In this study, the ship-borne air emissions in the port of Zonguldak were examined based on ship activity-based methods and total emissions generated from ships were estimated as 820 t y-1 for NOX, 45.700 t y-1 for CO2, 350 t y-1 for SOX, 32 t y-1 for VOC, 44 t y-1 for PM for the year of 2019. General cargo and ro-ro cargo ships are the main polluters in the port and emissions generated from the at-sea mode are higher than the port and maneuvering modes. There are five neighborhoods within 2km from the port of Zonguldak which are at risk of shipping emissions. At least 46,255 people will be exposed to dangerous shipping emissions such as NOX, SOX, PM along with other emissions within 2 km of the port area. The environmental cost of the port emissions for each contaminant has been estimated as $27 million and $43.586 per ship call. All types of emissions in the port region should be observed regularly and measures to decrease the emissions should be implemented.
The Changing Nature of Mastitis and Mastitis Treatments

Reducing mastitis has always been an important priority of dairy farmers; management of udder health has been influenced by continued evolution of dairy herd structure. In the U.S., the majority of milk is produced on farms that contain greater than 500 milking cows (http:// www.nass.usda.gov/Quick_Stats/) and the presentation of mastitis on larger dairy farms has changed. As housing and management have become more intensive, the distribution of mastitis pathogens has changed. Larger farms have greater adoption of modern management practices that reduce transmission of subclinical infections (Rodrigues et al., 2005, Rowbotham and Ruegg, 2015). These improvements have contributed to control of Staph. aureus and near eradication of Strep. agalactiae and resulted in considerable decreases in bulk tank somatic cell counts (SCC; Figure1). While intensification has resulted in reduced bulk tank SCC, mastitis remains a significant challenge for many dairy farms. Increased animal densities and changes in dairy housing (Ericsson Unnerstad et al., 2009) have increased potential exposure to opportunistic intramammary pathogens that often present with mild clinical signs, and national surveys have indicated that the rate of clinical mastitis has consistently increased (Figure 1). In most larger herds, the majority of clinical cases are caused by opportunistic pathogens that originate from the environment (Oliveira et al., 2013). These trends are especially evident when reviewing microbiological results of milk samples obtained from cows with cases of clinical mastitis and one study reported that only about 35 of 741 cases of clinical mastitis occurring on 52 larger Wisconsin dairy farms were caused by Staph aureus (Oliveira et al., 2013). Recovery of “traditional” pathogens, such as Strep. agalactiae or Staph aureus, tends to more frequent in regions that are populated by a greater proportion of smaller herds that utilize tie stall facilities (Olde Riekerink et al., 2008) or herds that have failed to use well-known preventive strategies, such as comprehensive use of intramammary antimicrobials at dry off (Olde Riekerink et al., 2010). Understanding the changing nature of mastitis is necessary to manage it and the purpose of this paper is provide an update on current concepts of preventing and managing bovine mastitis.
Semi-Persistent Scheduling for 5G Downlink Based on Short-Term Traffic Prediction

Efficient communication and computing resource allocation is becoming a fundamental issue in wireless networks. Efficiency is most often defined in terms of throughput, utilization and spectral efficiency, while the required computational effort is often overlooked. In this paper, we focus on efficient and computationally lightweight downlink scheduling, and we propose a semi-persistent scheduler based on adaptive short term traffic prediction. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheduler in terms of throughput, fairness, latency, and scheduling complexity. Our numerical results show that scheduling with prediction is a promising approach in improving network performance. The proposed semi-persistent scheduler performs equally well in terms of throughput, fairness, and latency as traditional proportional-fair scheduling, but at a significantly reduced computational cost.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FEATURES OF MAJOR AMAZONIAN WATER TYPOLOGIES: SUBSIDIES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF RIVER CLASSIFICATION

Physico-chemistry of water provides important parameters for quantifying biogeochemical cycles and establishing management options in river systems and wetlands. Pre-Columbian populations categorized Amazonian rivers by the color of their waters, and both native and colonial inhabitants of the Amazon knew that water color was related to specific ecological properties such as fish richness or soil fertility. The first scientific classification of Amazonian water bodies was elaborated in the 1950s by Sioli (1956a; 1956b). He used water color, transparency, pH and electrical conductance to explain limnological characteristics of the large Amazonian rivers. The innovative aspect of his classification was the correlation of these characteristics to the geological and geomorphological properties of the river catchments, an approach used today in landscape ecology. This simplified classification has dominated until today the scientific discussion about limnology and ecology of the Amazon basin, but Sioli’s classification was based only on a very limited data base. After his studies the situation has changed dramatically. The National Amazonian Research Institute – INPA has conducted many limnological studies and hosted high-level, national and international limnological projects, such as the cooperation with the Max-Planck-Institute for Limnology in Plön, Germany and the CAMREX expeditions of the University of Seattle. The aim of this paper is to discuss some new insights into the limnological classification of Amazonian rivers and streams. From literature we collected some preliminary data available on hydrochemistry of rivers and streams. In addition we collected water samples in the course of four field surveys during the periods of 27th October 3th November 2009, 1th 7th March 2010, 26th September 3th October 2010, and 3th 12th Dezember 2010 around the middle and lower area of the Jutaí, Tefé, Juruá and Tapajós river basins, respectively. The transparency values were measured using the Secchi disk, and the electrical conductivity, pH, and Dissolved Oxygen values were measured in the field using WTW instruments. In the laboratory of the INPA in Manaus (Brazil) the water samples were analyzed to obtain the values of the major cations and major anions, as well as the values of water colour, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids, PO4, Ptot, NH4, NO3, Ntot and Si. All the analyses were carried out by standard methods and the data was analysed with Minitab 14.
ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL ANXIETY AMONG THIRD AND FINAL YEAR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF DENTAL COLLEGES OF AHMEDABAD CITY- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Aim: Dental curricula require students to attain diverse proficiencies including acquisition of theoretical knowledge, clinical competencies and interpersonal skills which may lead to stress and anxiety among students. Hence, present study was aimed to evaluate clinical anxiety in third and final year undergraduate dental students of Ahmedabad city. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among third and final year undergraduate students of three randomly selected dental colleges of Ahmedabad city between March to May 2019 using modified moss and mac mannus questionnaire consisting of 38 items covering six domains. Unpaired t test was used for inferential analysis. Level of significance was kept at 5%. Results: Severe anxiety producing conditions among all the students were getting infected by patient, examination failure, fracture of tooth, extraction of wrong tooth and accidental pulp exposure. Third year students showed significantly higher anxiety than final year students among 21 items out of 38 items. Females were significantly higher anxious in 15 situations compared to males. In communication related domain, males were significantly higher anxious than female. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that in general moderate level of clinical anxiety was present among all the students regardless of year of the study and gender. Identification of potential problems in dental teaching programs is important as it might give the students, faculty and administrators an opportunity to take precautionary measures, if needed to prevent clinical anxiety.
Sensitivity of Simulated PM2.5 Concentrations over Northeast Asia to Different Secondary Organic Aerosol Modules during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

A numerical sensitivity study on secondary organic aerosol formation has been carried out by employing the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry). Two secondary organic aerosol formation modules, the Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe/Volatility Basis Set (MADE/VBS) and the Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe/Secondary Organic Aerosol Model (MADE/SORGAM) were employed in the WRF-Chem model, and surface PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in size) mass concentration and the composition of its relevant chemical sources, i.e., SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, and organic carbon (OC) were simulated during the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign period (1 May to 12 June 2016). We classified the KORUS-AQ period into two cases, the stagnant period (16–21 May) which was dominated by local emission and the long-range transport period (25–31 May) which was affected by transport from the leeward direction, and focused on the differences in OC secondary aerosol formation between two modules over Northeast Asia. The simulated surface PM2.5 chemical components via the two modules showed the largest systematic biases in surface OC, with a mean bias of 4.5 μg m−3, and the second largest in SO42− abundance of 2.2 μg m−3 over Seoul. Compared with surface observations at two ground sites located near the western coastal Korean Peninsula, MADE/VBS exhibited the overpredictions in OC by 170–180%, whereas MADE/SORGAM showed underpredictions by 49–65%. OC and sulfate via MADE/VBS were simulated to be much higher than that simulated by MADE/SORGAM by a factor of 2.8–3.5 and 1.5–1.9, respectively. Model verification against KORUS-AQ aircraft measurements also showed large discrepancies in simulated non-surface OC between the two modules by a factor of five, with higher OC by MADE/VBS and lower IC by MADE/SORGAM, whereas much closer MADE/VBS simulations to the KORUS-AQ aircraft measurements were found. On the basis of the aircraft measurements, the aggregated bias (sum of four components) for PM2.5 mass concentrations from the MADE/VBS module indicated that the simulation was much closer to the measurements, nevertheless more elaborate analysis on the surface OC simulation performance would be needed to improve the ground results. Our findings show that significant inconsistencies are present in the secondary organic aerosol formation simulations, suggesting that PM2.5 forecasts should be considered with great caution, as well as in the context of policymaking in the Northeast Asia region.
Attitudes and Expectations of Teacher Trainees Regarding a Pre-service Program1

After the Iraqi Operation Freedom in 2003 and the removal of Saddam Hussein's regime from power by the USA, an increasing number of teacher education programs have been opened in public universities in Iraqi Kurdistan to train specialized teachers, including English teachers, to teach in the basic and senior high schools. An important program that is offered is called Observation and Teaching. The objective of the Observation and Teaching Program is to prepare high quality teachers with thorough knowledge of both content and pedagogy. The goal of this paper is to examine circumstantial considerations regarding how the program was offered as well as to investigate the attitudes of the students towards the program. The researcher designed and distributed a questionnaire to 250 students. The descriptive analysis shows that the participants have positive attitudes towards the Observation and Teaching Program as an educational mean to support their learning experiences. The results also demonstrate that the program has several strengths, such as helping students gain practical teaching experience, as well as aiding them in developing knowledge about learning theories and approaches related to language teaching. Due to the lack of research studies on the attitudes and expectations of students regarding the Observation and Teaching Program, the results of the study may be useful for policy-makers within teacher education programs to improve the current situation of their programs.