Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Deep Learning-Based Multi-Modal Methods for Labeling the Presence of Questionable Content in Movie Trailers

In this work, we explore different approaches to combine modalities for the problem of automated age-suitability rating of movie trailers. First, we introduce a new dataset containing videos of movie trailers in English downloaded from IMDB and YouTube, along with their corresponding age-suitability rating labels. Secondly, we propose a multi-modal deep learning pipeline addressing the movie trailer age suitability rating problem. This is the first attempt to combine video, audio, and speech information for this problem, and our experimental results show that multi-modal approaches significantly outperform the best mono and bimodal models in this task.
Design and performance of precast concrete structures

A precast concrete structural system offers many advantages over in-situ casting. For example, greater control over the quality of materials and workmanship, improved health and safety (with casting carried out at ground level rather than at height) and cost efficiency (with standard forms continually re-used) are all realised through the off-site production of structural elements. As a result, a large body of research has been conducted into their performance, with many national codes of practice also devoting specific sections to design and detailing. However, contemporary design practice has been shown to not always correctly reflect the findings of published experimental studies. Concrete technology is continually evolving, as is the industry s knowledge of how to model and predict the behaviour of the resulting structural components. Using such understanding to design and justify the more efficient, cost-effective or flexible manufacture of precast components can offer a key commercial advantage to a precast manufacturer. In this context, the numerical and experimental investigations undertaken as part of this study have been specifically focussed on quantifying the advantages of utilising beneficial alternatives. Specifically the research has looked at improvements in concrete mixes, lightweight aggregates and reinforcing strategies, for precast structural elements required to transfer loads both vertically and horizontally. However, because of the non-standard solutions considered, different approaches have been used to demonstrate their suitability. Towards this goal, an alternative assessment strategy was devised for slender precast concrete panels with central reinforcement. The procedure was found to lead to design capacities that are in good agreement with actual experimental findings and should thus result in future manufacturing efficiency. The method can also be used for alternative concrete types and reinforcement layouts. Fresh and early-age material characteristics of self-compacting concrete mixes with a partial or complete replacement of traditional gravel and sand constituents with lightweight alternatives were investigated. This was done to demonstrate the feasibility of their use for the manufacture of large scale structural components, with clear benefits in terms of lifting and transportation. A computational push-down procedure was utilised to demonstrate the potential unsuitability of current tying regulations for avoiding a progressive collapse event in precast framed structures. The findings are considered to be of particular significance for these structures due to the segmental nature of the construction and the associated inherent lack of structural continuity.
A Study of Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Motivation to Teach, and Curriculum Fidelity: A Path Analysis Model

This study aims to test a path analysis model that examines teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs, motivation to teach, and curriculum fidelity. A correlational survey model was used while designing the study. The study sample consisted of 414 teachers working in a province of Turkey during the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The Teacher Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale, the Teachers’ Motivation to Teach Scale, and the Curriculum Fidelity Scale were used as data collection tools. Prior to data analysis, the data set was tested for both univariate and multivariate normality; descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and path analysis were also used to test the data. The results of the study show that the teachers have strong self-efficacy beliefs. While they have high intrinsic motivation, their extrinsic motivation is moderate. Based on the results of the path analysis, teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs were found to, directly and indirectly, predict both their motivation to teach and their curriculum fidelity. In addition, teachers’ levels of intrinsic motivation were found to predict curriculum fidelity directly, while their levels of extrinsic motivation were found to affect curriculum fidelity indirectly.
Recent Progress in Technetium-99m-Labeled Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging and Cancer Therapy

Nanotechnology has played a tremendous role in molecular imaging and cancer therapy. Over the last decade, scientists have worked exceptionally to translate nanomedicine into clinical practice. However, although several nanoparticle-based drugs are now clinically available, there is still a vast difference between preclinical products and clinically approved drugs. An efficient translation of preclinical results to clinical settings requires several critical studies, including a detailed, highly sensitive, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution study, and selective and efficient drug delivery to the target organ or tissue. In this context, technetium-99m (99mTc)-based radiolabeling of nanoparticles allows easy, economical, non-invasive, and whole-body in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging technique single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Hence, a critical analysis of the radiolabeling strategies of potential drug delivery and therapeutic systems used to monitor results and therapeutic outcomes at the preclinical and clinical levels remains indispensable to provide maximum benefit to the patient. This review discusses up-to-date 99mTc radiolabeling strategies of a variety of important inorganic and organic nanoparticles and their application to preclinical imaging studies.
Chemical, physical‐temporal and spatial changes in 25‐year‐old mine soils in Southeast Ohio

Reclaimed surface coal mines afford an opportunity to study initial pedogenic processes. This study sought to determine pedogenic processes active in a topsoiled* surface mine over 25 years. Soils were taken at 108 points from three grids in 1979 (1 year) and 2004 (25 years post‐reclamation) across a 20 ha watershed. The upper darkened portion of the replaced soil (^A1, ca. 0–5 cm), lower portion of the replaced soil (^A2, ca. 5–15 cm), and spoil (^2C) were sampled. Exchangeable Ca2+ increased from 4.3 cmolc kg−1 in 1979 to 8.2 cmolc kg−1 in 2004, and exchangeable Mg2+ increased from 2.5 to 3.3 cmolc kg−1. Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased from 0.59% to 4.05% providing evidence for humification and cycling of basic cations. SOC increases and structural development decreased bulk densities from 1.70 to 0.99 g cm−3 in the ^A1 and 1.70 to 1.24 g cm−3 in the ^A2. pH decreased in all horizons. In ^2C horizons, total sulfur decreased from 0.39% to 0.13% and electrical conductivity 3.34 dS m−1 to 1.01 dS m−1, indicating probable pyrite oxidation and salt leaching. Soils classified as Anthroportic/Anthrodensic Udorthents, as three representative pedons lacked cambic horizons. Mine soil variograms indicated higher spatial dependency in ^A1 and ^A2 horizons in 2004 than 1979 (decreasing nugget: sill ratios), whereas ^2C horizons had lower spatial dependencies in 2004. This suggests that surface horizons are more influenced by soil forming factors than spoil, which is more influenced by 'random' conditions of reclamation and not in equilibrium.
The impact of large-scale circulation on daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over major populated regions of China in winter

Abstract. The influence of large-scale circulation on daily PM2.5 variability through its direct effect on key regional meteorological variables is examined over three major populated regions of China: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD). In BTH, a shallow East Asian trough curbs northerly cold and dry air from the Siberian High, enhancing PM2.5 pollution levels. Weak southerly winds in eastern and southern China, associated with a weakened Siberian High, suppress horizontal dispersion, contributing to air pollution accumulation over YRD. In PRD, weak southerly winds and precipitation deficits over southern China are conducive to high PM2.5 pollution levels. To account for these dominant large-scale circulation – PM2.5 relationships, we propose three new circulation-based indices for predicting different levels of air pollution based on regional PM2.5 concentrations in each region: a 500 hPa geopotential height-based index for BTH, a sea level pressure-based index for YRD and an 850 hPa meridional wind-based index for PRD. These three indices can effectively distinguish clean days from heavily polluted days in these regions, assuming variation is solely due to meteorology. We also find that including the most important regional meteorological variable in each region improves the performance of the circulation-based indices in predicting daily PM2.5 concentrations on the regional scale. These results are beneficial to understanding and forecasting the occurrence of heavily polluted PM2.5 days in BTH, YRD and PRD from a large-scale perspective.
The Criminal Police Officer: Understanding Factors That Predict Police Crime in the United States

Although police decision making and behavior always face intense public scrutiny, officers’ criminal lifestyles have largely been ignored in national debates and discussions. The primary focus of this study was to understand factors that predicted police criminality. To achieve this objective, we analyzed a nationally representative dataset on officers who were arrested from 2005 to 2011 using advanced statistical approaches. Results obtained using multilevel modeling demonstrate the predictive effects of officer and agency characteristics in explaining police criminality. Specifically, findings reveal differences in types of crimes committed by the officers. For example, male officers engage in crimes that are entirely different from those committed by their female counterparts. Likewise, on-duty officers tend to criminally behave differently from their off-duty counterparts. Furthermore, agency-level factors such as type of agency, number of sworn officers, and location of the agency predict police crime. Current findings highlight the importance of policies that would directly address criminality in law enforcement.
New data on the distribution of Orthoptera (Caelifera, Ensifera) from eastern Morocco with notes on chorology

Summary New faunistic and distributional data are provided on grasshopper and cricket fauna from the Oriental region of Morocco, a poorly studied area, covering 88,681 km2. An annotated list of 62 species, belonging to 41 genera and 10 families, is given. Fourteen species are newly recorded for the Oriental region. Moreover, at least 14 taxa are rediscovered in whole Morocco more than 30 years after their last record. Finally, we add new distribution records for the previously known species, including pest ones such as Schistocerca gregaria and Dociostaurus maroccanus. In a context of mainly arid steppe landscape, the richness of stations increases with annual rainfall and follows the Mid-Domain effect with altitude. We found a clear dominance of the Palearctic elements, mainly Mediterranean, with a high proportion of endemic species. This chorotype pattern is similar to patterns observed for other insect groups in the same study area.
Efficacy of bowel preparation regimens for colon capsule endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and study aims Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is an alternative to conventional colonoscopy (CC) in specific clinical settings. High completion rates (CRs) and adequate cleanliness rates (ACRs) are fundamental quality parameters if CCE is to be widely implemented as a CC equivalent diagnostic modality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of different bowel preparations regimens on CR and ACR in CCE. Patients and methods We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Data were independently extracted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The primary outcome measures (CR, ACR) were retrieved from the individual studies and pooled event rates were calculated. Results Thirty-four observational (OBS) studies (n = 3,789) and 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (n = 1,214) comprising a total 5,003 patients were included. The overall CR was 0.798 (95 % CI, 0.764–0.828); the highest CRs were observed with sodium phosphate (NaP) + gastrografin booster (n = 2, CR = 0.931, 95 % CI, 0.820–0.976). The overall ACR was 0.768 (95 % CI, 0.735–0.797); the highest ACRs were observed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) + magnesium citrate (n = 4, ER = 0.953, 95 % CI, 0.896–0.979). Conclusions In the largest meta-analysis on CCE bowel preparation regimens, we found that both CRs and ACRs are suboptimal compared to the minimum recommended standards for CC. PEG laxative and NaP booster were the most commonly used but were not associated with higher CRs or ACRs. Well-designed studies on CCE should be performed to find the optimal preparation regimen.
Quantitative effects of environmental variation on stomatal anatomy and gas exchange in a grass model

Stomata are cellular pores on the leaf epidermis that allow plants to regulate carbon assimilation and water loss. Stomata integrate environmental signals to regulate pore apertures and optimize gas exchange to fluctuating conditions. Here, we quantified intraspecific plasticity of stomatal gas exchange and anatomy in response to seasonal variation in Brachypodium distachyon. Over the course of two years we (i) used infrared gas analysis to assess light response kinetics of 120 Bd21-3 wild-type individuals in an environmentally fluctuating greenhouse and (ii) microscopically determined the seasonal variability of stomatal anatomy in a subset of these plants. We observed systemic environmental effects on gas exchange measurements and remarkable intraspecific plasticity of stomatal anatomical traits. To reliably link anatomical variation to gas exchange, we adjusted anatomical gsmax calculations for grass stomatal morphology. We propose that systemic effects and variability in stomatal anatomy should be accounted for in long-term gas exchange studies.
Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of 1-Hydroxypyrene Based on Composites of PAMAM-Regulated Chromium-Centered Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide

A nanocomposite was formed by combining graphene oxide (GO) with chromium-centered metal–organic framework (Cr-MOF) nanoparticles regulated by the dendrimer polyamidoamine (PAMAM). PAMAM can successfully regulate the synthesis of Cr-MOF; in doing so, the size of Cr-MOF is reduced, its original morphology is maintained, and it has good crystallinity. A simple ultrasonication method was used to make the Cr-MOF/GO hybrid nanocomposite. Various characterization methods confirmed the successful synthesis of PAMAM/Cr-MOF/GO nanocomposites. The PAMAM/Cr-MOF/ERGO modified electrode could be used with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to study the electrochemical behaviors of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr). The results indicated that the constructed PAMAM/Cr-MOF/ERGO electrochemical sensor had a significantly enhanced electrocatalytic effect on the electrochemical reduction of 1-OHPyr compared with the sensors with no PAMAM and the ERGO sensor, which could be ascribed to the synergetic effect from the high porosity of Cr-MOF and the high conductivity of ERGO, as well as the further electron transport action of the nanocomposite. Under the optimal conditions, the reduction peak current and concentration of 1-OHPyr showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1–1.0 and 1.0–6.0 μM, and the detection limit of 1-OHPyr was calculated to be 0.075 μM. Moreover, the PAMAM/Cr-MOF/ERGO electrochemical sensor constructed in this paper can be expected to provide some instructions for the construction of electrochemical sensing platforms and wider potential applications.
Search engine bias : the structuration of traffic on the World-Wide Web

Search engines are essential components of the World Wide Web; both commercially and in terms of everyday usage, their importance is hard to overstate. This thesis examines the question of why there is bias in search engine results – bias that invites users to click on links to large websites, commercial websites, websites based in certain countries, and websites written in certain languages. In this thesis, the historical development of the search engine industry is traced. Search engines first emerged as prototypical technological startups emanating from Silicon Valley, followed by the acquisition of search engine companies by major US media corporations and their development into portals. The subsequent development of pay-per-click advertising is central to the current industry structure, an oligarchy of virtually integrated companies managing networks of syndicated advertising and traffic distribution. The study also shows a global landscape in which search production is concentrated in and caters for large global advertising markets, leaving the rest of the world with patchy and uneven search results coverage. The analysis of interviews with senior search engine engineers indicates that issues of quality are addressed in terms of customer service and relevance in their discourse, while the analysis of documents, interviews with search marketers, and participant observation within a search engine marketing firm showed that producers and marketers had complex relationships that combine aspects of collaboration, competition, and indifference. The results of the study offer a basis for the synthesis of insights of the political economy of media and communication and the social studies of technology tradition, emphasising the importance of culture in constructing and maintaining both local structures and wider systems. In the case of search engines, the evidence indicates that the culture of the technological entrepreneur is very effective in creating a new megabusiness, but less successful in encouraging a debate on issues of the public good or public responsibility as they relate to the search engine industry.
Recording Media Archival Attributes (Magnetic).

Abstract : This study focuses on the long term (10-15 year) storage effects on magnetic recording media with emphasis on digital magnetic tape. Both the theoretical and experimental aspects are presented covering the primary magnetic, chemical, and mechanical considerations. Definite storage and handling procedures along with an optimum long term magnetic recording system are discussed. Conclusions are that long term storage is possible with magnetic tapes provided tight environmental controls are maintained and low acceleration rewinds are performed at a minimum interval of 3 1/2 years. (Author)
Life Insurance Demand Analysis: Evidence from Visegrad Group Countries

ABSTRACT This paper aims to find the relationship between key determinants such as income, education, life expectancy, employment and life insurance demand in the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4). This article makes use of OECD data and applies linear and panel data regressions. We find that with increasing income and higher educational attainment, people demonstrate more demand for investment in pension funds but less for life insurance. Furthermore, unemployment appears to have a strongly negative effect in all presented models, and with higher life expectancy, people demand more life insurance products and less pension fund assets.
Validating the Strategic Task Overload Management (STOM) Model Using MATB II and Eye-tracking

Operators can be overloaded and struggle to make sense of and prioritize multiple tasks. Task selection in these cases is of utmost importance. We replicated an experiment using the Multi Attribute Task Battery II (MATB II) for validating a model of strategic task switching (STOM), adding eye tracking measurement, resulting in a new assessment. Task difficulty affected how operators switched tasks, while priority had little to no effect. Newly measured for STOM, eye tracking revealed a link between task difficulty and time spent performing a task but failed to meet predictions for interest and priority effects. The outcome of the validation effort as it relates to the STOM model, as well as eye tracking implications, are discussed.
Optimization strategy for conceptual airplane design

Due to the ever growing demand for more efficient aircraft novel aircraft concepts have to be explored. By improving design tools the potential of unconventional configurations can be further studied. This requires improvement of conceptual design tools such that more knowledge can be gathered on alternative solutions as early in the design process as possible. Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) can support this process by providing an environment in which the various disciplines can be designed and optimized concurrently, while a certain level of consistency is maintained. An optimization design tool has been created to assess the potential performance gains of novel aircraft configurations. It connects with the Initiator design tool, which is a conceptual design framework. As such, it can also be used as a means to expose any design issues that may exist in the Initiator. With the optimizer tool the following four case studies were performed: a conventional Airbus A320, a forward-swept canard aircraft, a threesurface aircraft and an oval-fuselage aircraft. For this purpose the genetic algorithm, a gradient algorithm and a hybrid genetic algorithm were used. From the case studies followed that large improvements can be obtained with unconventional aircraft configurations when compared to the initial aircraft design proposed by the Initiator design tool. Up to 20% improvement was found with the three-surface and canard aircraft. The oval-fuselage aircraft could be improved by a solid 10%, while a 5% improvement was obtained with the conventional A320. Among all cases the most contributing factors were the wing position, sweep angle and aspect ratio. There is a tendency towards lower sweep angles due to the positive effect on the weight of the wing and an underestimation of the drag rise. With the forward-swept canard relatively high sweep angles were found, from which followed that the weight penalty of forward swept wings is underestimated. The sizing routine of the control surfaces is found to be inadequate, since the Initiator derives most parameters directly from the wing and does not properly take into account control and stability requirements. Results have shown that this mainly regards the sweep and dihedral angle. These sizing issues also affect the static margin. It was found that class II design information was not fed back to the control surface sizing. From the used optimization algorithms can be concluded that the gradient algorithm was the least effective as it had difficulties with the noise. It sometimes stopped prematurely or started oscillating. The genetic algorithm was found to be the best option due its robustness. It proved to be far less sensitivity to noise. Its computational cost could be significantly reduced by applying parallel optimization and using a caching mechanism. The hybrid algorithm was found to be too computational expensive. The obtained increase in objective value did not outweigh the added cost.