Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BERRY SEEDS: A SOURCE OF SPECIALTY OILS WITH HIGH CONTENT OF BIOACTIVES AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE

ABSTRACT Selected berry seed oils from blackberry, blueberry, cranberry, straw-berry, red raspberry and kiwi were characterized for their quality and nutri-tional characteristics. These oils are by-products of berry juice productionthat have only recently gained commercial interest. Free fatty acid content wasbelow 1.6% for all examined oil samples. Peroxide value ranged between 0.6and 44 mg O 2 /kg oil for blackberry and kiwi seed oils, respectively, and p -anisidine value varied from 6 in cranberry to 23 in strawberry. Linolenicacid content ranged from 17.53% in blackberry seed oil to 57.60% in kiwi seedoil. The oxidative stability of all oils was rather low (0.17 h for kiwi to 8.4 h forblackberry at 97.8C). Phytosterol contents ranged between 403 and 692 mg/100 g for blackberry and cranberry, respectively. The content of tocols(tocopherol + tocotrienol) varied from 34.4 for kiwi to 2,133 mg/kg for redraspberry seed oils. 5 Corresponding author. TEL: 32-9-264-58-59; 32-9-264-59-50 (secretariat); FAX: 32-9-264-62-43;EMAIL: vera.vanhoed@ugent.beJournal of Food Lipids
Nucleotide Delivery from cycloSaligenyl‐3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine Monophosphates (cycloSal‐AZTMP)

The application of our cycloSaligenyl- (cycloSal) pronucleotide concept to the approved anti-HIV dideoxynucleoside 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine AZT (1) is reported. This pro-nucleotide concept has been designed to deliver the corresponding 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine monophosphate AZTMP (2) by selective chemical hydrolysis from the lipophilic precursors cycloSal-AZTMP 4a−h. All derivatives 4a−h were synthesized using differently substituted salicyl alcohols 7a−h as starting materials. In hydrolysis studies, compounds 4 decomposed selectively releasing AZTMP (2) and the salicyl alcohols 7 following the designed tandem reaction. Furthermore, due to the electronic properties introduced by substituents, the half-lives of the triesters 4 could be ajusted over a wide range. Phosphotriesters 4 exhibited considerable biological activity in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected wild-type human T-lymphocyte (CEM/O) cells, whereas, contrary to our expectations, nearly all activity was lost in HIV-2 infected thymidine-kinase-deficient CEM cells.
The Influence of Spray Drying on the Dispersive and Physicochemical Properties of Magnesium Oxide

Magnesium hydroxide was obtained in a precipitation reaction with the use of magnesium nitrate or magnesium sulphate and sodium hydroxide. The influence of the temperature of the process, the mode and rate of substrate supply, as well as the concentration and ratio of the substrates on the product's properties, were tested. The intermediate product Mg(OH)2 was subjected to drying by static and spray techniques followed by calcination to obtain magnesium oxide. To establish the effect of the synthesis conditions and drying techniques on the dispersive and physicochemical properties of the magnesium oxide obtained, this product was characterized using a number of experimental methods to obtain the bulk density, polydispersity index, and particle size distribution in the nano- and micrometric ranges. Moreover, the wettability profiles in water system were examined. For selected magnesium oxide samples the crystalline structure was determined by the WAXS method, and adsorptive properties (surface area, volume, and size of pores) as well as electrical properties (dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity) were measured. Application of all the above-mentioned methods enabled a comprehensive characterization of the products and revealed a significant effect of spray drying on their properties, in particular on their dispersion and morphology.
Fiberlike Fe2O3 Macroporous Nanomaterials Fabricated by Calcinating Regenerate Cellulose Composite Fibers

Fiberlike Fe2O3 macroporous nanomaterials have been prepared by in situ synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the regenerated cellulose fibers during the wet spinning process, followed by the removal of cellulose matrix by calcination. The interpenetrated porous structure in the regenerated cellulose fibers at swollen state could serve as templates for the preparation of inorganic nanoparticles. The structure and properties of the Fe2O3 nanomaterials were characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, magnetometer, and electrochemical tests. The Fe2O3 nanomaterials exhibited integrated one-dimensional (1D) fiberlike morphology with macroporous structure. The results revealed that the inorganic nanomaterials displayed high purity of α-Fe2O3 and possessed large specific surface area, weak ferromagnetic properties, and superior electrochemical activity, having a discharge capacity of 2750 mA·h/g. Due to the small amounts of waste generated, this work provided a “green” pathway for the prep.
Performance assessment of heat pumps using HFC125/HCs mixtures

The analysis of heat pump cycles with and without an internal heat exchanger (IHE) is carried out in the paper, in which HFC125/HCs binary mixtures are used as the alternative refrigerants. And the cycle performance under different operation conditions is also compared. The results show that when the mass fraction of HFC125 ranges from 10 to 20%, the coefficient of performance (COP) for HFC125/HC290 (M1) mixtures is 0.92 and 1.01% lower than that of HCFC22 and HFC134a, respectively. For HFC125/HC600 (M2) and HFC125/HC600a (M3) mixtures, the COPs are higher than those of HCFC22 at the mass fraction of HFC125 between 0 and 74.1%, 0 and 66.5% in the mixtures, respectively, and compared with HFC134a, the COPs and volumetric heating capacities are higher when the mass fraction of HFC125 is between 38.6 and 73.3%, and 30.8 and 66%, respectively. For HFC125/HC1270 (M4) mixtures, the COPs are always lower than those of HCFC22 and HFC134a. It is also found that the IHE has a slight effect on the COPs with varying the mass fraction of HFC125 in the binary mixtures. The results obtained can provide some useful guidelines for the choice of alternative refrigerants. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What controls the nitrate flush when air dried soils are rewetted?

Changes in nitrification rates of an acid grassland soil with and without air drying have been monitored over 9 days, after first flushing native nitrate from the soils with deionised water. The results confirmed that full re-establishment of nitrification after air drying takes several days, supporting the hypothesis that any immediate first flush of nitrate from air-dried soils originates from cell lysis or flushing of ‘stored’ nitrate. Ammonium spiking confirmed that nitrification was not ammonium substrate limited. It was also found that ammonium accumulates in the soil during the drying process, providing a substrate pool once the population of nitrifiers has re-established. Over the first week of incubation, nitrate immobilisation was less conspicuous in the soil that had been rewetted after air drying compared with the incubated field moist soil.
Mechanical property modification and morphology of poly(styrene-b-hydrogenated butadiene-b-styrene)/poly(hydrogenated butadiene) blends

The mechanical properties and morphology of a series of triblock copolymer blends with midblock associating homopolymers of varying molecular weight (Mw) have been characterized. The symmetric triblock copolymer studied contains polystyrene endblocks and midblocks of hydrogenated poly(1,2-butadiene) and is mixed with hydrogenated poly (1,2-butadiene) homopolymers of Mw both below and above that of the copolymer midblock. The rubbery plateau modulus determined by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy increases with increasing Mw of the homopolymer at fixed overall homopolymer content. At fixed Mw, the composition dependence of the plateau modulus is complex and shows unusually synergistic behavior. For high Mw homopolymers the plateau modulus increases initially upon homopolymer addition. Small angle neutron scattering and TEM are employed to determine the morphological changes. In all cases, the blends exhibit a lamellar microphase structure, with homopolymer macrophases apparent at high homopolymer contents. The apparent homopolymer solubility limits are found to be inversely related to the homopolymer Mw. The results indicate that the lamellar repeat distance decreases upon addition of the lowest Mw homopolymer and that the microdomains swell in blends containing homopolymers with Mw similar to that of the midblock sequence and are unchanged for high Mw homopolymers with negligible solubility. The results suggest thatmore » the interesting mechanical response of the blends can be explained by consideration of the changes in their entanglement structure resulting from confinement of the homopolymer chains within the highly constrained environment of the midblock lamellae. « less
Influence of Electrolyte Concentration, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, and Mechanical Disturbance on Dispersed Clay Particle Size and Critical Flocculation Concentration in Alfisols

Abstract Clay dispersion affects both soil productivity and environmental quality through its effect on structure degradation. The effect of solution concentration (C), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and mechanical disturbance on clay dispersion, particle size of dispersed clay and critical flocculation concentration (CFC) was investigated in four Greek Alfisols equilibrated with NaCl/CaCl2 solutions of different C (= 5, 10, 50, and 100 mmol/L) and SAR [= 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 (mmol/L)1/2]. Suspensions of equilibrated soil samples in solutions or in deionized water received a minimum (30 s) or a prolonged (16 h) shaking. After shaking, the dispersed clay fractions <2 and <1 µm were determined by measuring the optical density of the suspensions. It was found that both clay dispersion and CFC were increased with SAR. Relative dispersed clay of any size obtained in deionized water was always higher than in any NaCl/CaCl2 solution. Prolonged shaking resulted in much higher relative dispersed clay of any size, in greater CFC and in lower coarse (1–2 µm) to fine (<1 µm) clay ratio than minimum shaking. Relative dispersed coarse clay was always higher (p < 0.05) than relative dispersed fine clay. The coarse clay fraction displayed higher CFC than the fine clay fraction. The influence of clay content and mineralogy, organic matter, Fe2O3, pH, and mechanical disturbance on the differences in clay dispersion found between the soils used is discussed. In order to avoid clay dispersion in soils containing large-sized clay particles and/or receive intensive mechanical disturbance, it is suggested to keep the soil solution at a higher concentration.
Characterization of Porous Glasses: Simulation Models, Adsorption Isotherms, and the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller Analysis Method

We have developed a realistic model for studying adsorption in porous glasses which reproduces the complex structure of these materials. The model porous material is generated by a quench molecular dynamics procedure which mimics the processes by which Vycor glass and controlled-pore glasses are produced. We examine this procedure and the resulting model materials by a variety of methods and find that they have porosities, pore sizes, and surface areas very similar to the real glasses. These simulated glasses have precisely known properties (surface area, pore size distribution, etc.), in contrast to experimental glasses; computer experiments on such model glasses can therefore be used to test new and existing experimental methods of characterization. We calculate the adsorption isotherms for a model of nitrogen adsorbing onto these materials and analyze these data using the BET isotherm. The BET monolayer density exhibits systematic variations with both the average pore size and the porosity of the model.
Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of a Model Unentangled Polymer Melt: Molecular Dynamics and Rouse Modes Analysis

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we determine the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of a model polymer melt in the unentangled regime. Several approaches are compared for the computation of linear moduli and viscosity, including Green-Kubo and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). An alternative approach, based on the use of the Rouse modes, is also discussed. This approach could be used to assess local viscoelastic properties in inhomogeneous systems. We also focus on the contributions of different interactions to the viscoelastic moduli and explain the microscopic mechanisms involved in the mechanical response of the melt to external solicitation.
Sample drying, total sulfur and stable sulfur isotopic ratio determination in freshwater wetland peat

Air drying, oven drying, and freeze-drying of submerged or wet soils and sediments prior to chemical analysis has been implicated as affecting measurements of total S concentrations, organic and inorganic S fractions, and δ 34 S ratios. Drying effects on S chemical determinations may not be consistent across all soil types, however. We evaluated the effects of drying method on total S concentrations and δ 34 S ratios in freshwater wetland peat collected from the New Jersey Pinelands. Total S concentrations in samples that were oven dried at 100°C, freeze-dried, oven dried at 60°C, or air dried averaged 128.9, 128.0, 126.0, and 122.4 mmol kg -1 dry mass, respectively. Total S concentrations were significantly different only between the 100°C oven-dried and air-dried treatments. Drying method did not affect δ 34 S ratios. Freeze-drying samples offers distinct advantages over other drying methods and is appropriate for determinations of S chemistry in freshwater wetland peat.
Effect of Magnesium Deficiency on Pepper Growth Parameters: Implications for Determination of Magnesium‐Critical Value

Abstract In order to improve determinations of nutrient critical levels using growth response curves, a detailed study of magnesium (Mg) deficiency on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) biomass allocation was performed. For each growth parameter, data were fitted using the modified Mitscherlich's model and Mg‐critical level was calculated. Under Mg‐deficiency, pepper plants showed a decrease in their relative growth rate (RGR), total dry weight (DW), stem and root mass fractions (SMF and RMF), total leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and unit leaf rate (ULR), whereas leaf mass fraction (LMF) and shoot to root ratio increased. Growth response coefficient (GRC) analysis indicated that the decrease in RGR was mainly due to a decrease in ULR. When the interval time between two harvests was ≥10 days, determination of Mg‐critical level (x c ) using the modified Mitscherlich's model showed that the best growth parameter for early detection of Mg‐deficiency in pepper plants was total DW (x c ≈ 0.21%), whereas other parameters underestimated Mg‐critical level.
Temperature and Composition Effect on CO2 Miscibility by Interfacial Tension Measurement

Crude oil reservoirs have different temperatures, compositions, and pressures, therefore oil recovery performance by CO2 injection varies from one case to another. Furthermore, it is predicted that lower interfacial tension between injected CO2 and reservoir fluid results in more oil recovery. In this study, we investigate the effect of temperature on the equilibrium interfacial tension between CO2 and three different oil fluids at different pressures. Also minimum miscible pressure (MMP) is measured by the vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) technique to determine the temperature effect on the CO2 miscible gas injection. The results on different pure and mixtures of hydrocarbon fluids show that for pressures up to 5.2 MPa, the higher the temperature was, the lower was the interfacial tension (IFT) measured. However, for the cases with pressure higher than 5.2 MPa, as the temperature was increased, the IFT increased too. In addition the VIT technique is used to measure the MMP of CO2 and pure paraffin; th.
Monitoramento de agrotóxicos em dois mananciais hídricos no sul do Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate and to monitor the presence of pesticides in the waters of the Sao Goncalo channel and the Piratini river located in the southern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. During the rice growing season, water samples were collected five times, three samples from the river Piratini and four from the Sao Goncalo canal. The methodology used for the analysis of residues of quinclorac, carbofuran and clomazone was the High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and for residues of the pesticides fipronil and betacyfluthrin, the Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD) was used. Results show that from sowing to harvesting the quantity of pesticide residues in water decreased. It was also observed that, at the lowest point (Laranjal), a greater number of analyses contaminated with residues was detected (11 samples with some type of pesticide). Insecticide carbofuran and herbicide quinclorac were pesticides that presented residues more frequently (16 and 15 times, respectively). Clomazone and fipronil were present in each of the 7 samples with residues and betacyfluthrin was not detected at any site.
Electron-Impact Excitation and Ionization in Air

Abstract : In a partially ionized hypersonic flow field, electron collision plays a significant role in energy re-distribution and in the production of excited states of atoms and molecules that can subsequently radiate. Thus electron collision data is part of the database used in modelling high speed entry flows. First principles computational methods for the calculation of electron-impact data are reviewed. Their merits are discussed, based on the requirements of reliability and the ability to handle high-lying excited states. Three processes are considered: the production of electrons by electron-impact ionization, the removal of electrons by radiative recombination and dielectronic recombination, and the production of electronic excited states by electron impact. Electron-nitrogen atom collisions are used as an illustrative example. The study clarifies the role of high-lying electronic excited states in the ionization process. It shows that the recombination processes can produce sizable radiative heat load in the VUV region. It also shows examples using a scaling method to improve the frequently used Born approximation for electron-impact excitations.
Direct Synthesis of Powdery Inorganic Electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 and Determination of Oxygen Stoichiometry

We found a method for direct synthesis of C12A7 electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4 powders from Ca12Al14O33 (C12A7), CaAl2O4 (CA), and Ca metal; C12A7 and CA were synthesized from CaCO3 and Al2O3. The chemical composition of the powders agrees with that of C12A7 lacking the encaged O2− ions, and the electron concentration was almost equal to the theoretical value of positive charge density of C12A7 cage skeleton.
Mitigating the Effects of Salinity by Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid in Fenugreek

Present research work was conducted to alleviate the salinity-induced harmful effect on biomass production and physiochemical attributes of fenugreek by foliar application of salicylic acid. Two varieties (Deli Kabul and Kasuri) were grown in salt treated (100 mM NaCl) and untreated (0 mM NaCl) growth medium. Two levels of salicylic acid (0 mg L−1 and 100 mg L−1) were applied through foliar method. Salinity stress significantly reduced the growth biomass in both varieties. Higher shoot fresh weight was recorded in Deli Kabul, while lower in Kasuri. Such reduction in growth biomass was mitigated by the foliar application of SA in both plants. Salinity caused a marked reduction in gas exchange attributes including net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and substomatal CO2 concentration. Exogenous applied salicylic acid also overcomes the reduction in gas exchange attributes of the plants. The varieties “Deli Kabul” and “Kasuri” showed higher and lower net CO2 assimilation rate, respectively. These results indicate that growth medium salinity induced reduction in biomass production, gas exchange attributes, and also chlorophyll contents whereas the application of SA through foliar method can be used to protect plant growth and improve these attributes under salt stress.
Adsorption of heavy metals from industrial wastewater by using polyacrylic acid hydrogel

AbstractIn this study, the removal of heavy metals (Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and total Cr) from real industrial wastewater (IWW), being taken from galvanotechnic industry, by means of polyacrylic acid (Aac) hydrogel was investigated. The effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, and shaking speed on heavy metal removal from wastewater were monitored using real wastewater. In addition, adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies for adsorption of heavy metals were studied in this study. The adsorption capacities of Aac hydrogel for Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and total Cr were achieved as 2.74, 1.91, 6.83, and 6.61 mg/g, respectively. The removal of heavy metals using Aac hydrogel was fitted with Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the process was exothermic and spontaneous. According to these results, Aac hydrogel is suitable adsorbents for removing heavy metals from IWW.
Inter-annual variability of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations as simulated with global terrestrial biosphere models and an atmospheric transport model

Seasonal and inter-annual variations of atmospheric CO2 for the period from 1961 to 1997 have been simulated using a global tracer transport model driven by a new version of the Biome BioGeochemical Cycle model (Biome-BGC). Biome-BGC was forced by daily temperature and precipitation from the NCEP reanalysis dataset, and the calculated monthly-averaged CO2 fluxes were used as input to the global transport model. Results from an inter-comparison with the Carnegie—Ames—Stanford Approach model (CASA) and the Simulation model of Carbon cYCle in Land Ecosystems (Sim-CYCLE) model are also reported. The phase of the seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere was reproduced generally well by Biome-BGC, although the amplitude was smaller compared to the observations and to the other biosphere models. The CO2 time series simulated by Biome-BGC were compared to the global CO2concentration anomalies from the observations at Mauna Loa and the South Pole. The modeled concentration anomalies matched the phase of the inter-annual variations in the atmospheric CO2 observations; however, the modeled amplitude was lower than the observed value in several cases. The result suggests that a significant part of the inter-annual variability in the global carbon cycle can be accounted for by the terrestrial biosphere models. Simulations performed with another climate-based model, Sim-CYCLE, produced a larger amplitude of inter-annual variability in atmospheric CO2, making the amplitude closer to the observed range, but with a more visible phase mismatch in a number of time periods. This may indicate the need to increase the Biome-BGC model sensitivity to seasonal and inter-annual changes in temperature and precipitation.