Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CBR Clone Based Software Flaw Detection Issues

The biggest problem in computer security is that most systems aren't constructed with security in mind. Being aware of common security weaknesses in programming might sound like a good way to avoid them, but awareness by itself often proves to be insufficient. Understanding security is one thing and applying your understanding in a complete and consistent fashion to meet your security goals is quite another. For this reason, static analysis is advocated as a technique for finding common security errors in source code. Manual security static analysis is a tedious work, so automatic tools which can guide programmers to detect security concerns is suggested. Good static analysis tools provide a fast way to get a detailed security related evaluation of program code. In this paper a new architecture (CBRFD) for software flaw detector, based on the concept of clone detection and case base reasoning, is proposed and various issues which concern detection of security weakness of codes through code clone detector is investigated.
Influence of Weak External Magnetic Field on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Fe-based Alloys

Nanoperm, Hitperm and Finamet amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys were measured by Mossbauer spectrometry in a weak external magnetic field of 0.5 T. It was shown that the most sensitive parameters of Mossbauer spectra are the intensities of the 2nd and the 5th lines. Rather small changes were observed also in the case of internal magnetic field values. The spectrum of nanocrystalline Nanoperm showed the increase in A23 parameter (ratio of line intensities) from 2.4 to 3.7 and decrease of internal magnetic field from 20 to 19 T for amorphous subspectrum under the influence of magnetic field. Spectrum of nanocrystalline Finemet shown decrease in A23 parameter from 3.5 to 2.6 almost without a change in the internal magnetic field value. In the case of amorphous Nanoperm and Finemet samples, the changes are almost negligible. Hitperm alloy showed the highest sensitivity to the weak magnetic field, when the A23 parameter increased from 0.4 to 2.5 in the external magnetic fields. The A23 parameter of crystall.
An Embedded Software Power Consumption Model based on Software Architecture and Support Vector Machine Regression

As embedded devices prevail in daily life, high energy consumption caused by embedded software caught academic attentions. Multifarious testing and predicting methods are developed accordingly. This paper proposes a model about energy consumption of embedded device based on analysis of embedded software structure and support vector machine regression. The nonlinear relationship between energy consumption and software structure is revealed. The research finds software structure is determined by features like number of components, complexity of component interface, component coupling, and path length. These features are qualified and modeled by using support vector machine regression and energy consumption is predicted based on this model. The experiments results confirm the proposed model.
Designing Lubricant‐Impregnated Textured Surfaces to Resist Scale Formation

Scale formation is a widespread problem in industries and households—from scaling of cooking pots in ancient times to the plugging of pipelines in the modern age. Developing surfaces that have a low affinity to scale has been an area of great interest in the last decade. In this work, we demonstrate the anti‐scaling properties of textured surfaces impregnated with a lubricant. Since scale deposition can be reduced by lowering the nucleation rate, which depends on the properties of the substrate, we optimize the design of the lubricant‐impregnated surfaces (LIS) based on the surface tension of the lubricant and its spreading coefficient on the solid. Scale deposition experiments show that the nucleation rate on optimized LIS is reduced owing to their low surface energy and low density of nucleation sites. Mass gain measurements indicate that the optimized LIS perform 10 times better than uncoated smooth surfaces. This idea is extended to an engineering material like stainless steel and, along with low scale deposition, low adhesion of scale to LIS is also achieved.
On the Identification of Covert Storage Channels in Secure Systems

A practical method for the identification of covert storage channels is presented and its application to the source code of the Secure Xenix kernel is illustrated. The method is based on the identification of all visible/alterable kernel variables by using information-flow analysis of language code. The method also requires that, after the sharing relationships among the kernel primitives and the visible/alterable variables are determined, the nondiscretionary access rules implemented by each primitive be applied to identify the potential storage channels. The method can be generalized to other implementation languages, and has the following advantages: it helps discover all potential storage channels is kernel code, thereby helping determine whether the nondiscretionary access rules are implemented correctly; it helps avoid discovery of false flow violations and their unnecessary analysis; and it helps identify the kernel locations where audit code and time-delay variables need to be placed for covert-channel handling. >
The nosological position of apathy in clinical practice

Apathy is increasingly recognised as a common behavioural syndrome in psychiatric disorders, but it is conceptually ill defined. The aim of this study was to examine the concept of apathy as it is currently used in neurology and psychiatry, by review of the literature and conceptual analysis. There is no consensus on diagnostic criteria for apathy as a syndrome. Apathy is mostly defined as a disorder of motivation, and operationalised as diminished goal oriented behaviour and cognition. There is discussion about whether an emotional dimension should form part of the definition of apathy. Abulia is considered a more severe type of apathy, but its nosological position is still unclear. A structured clinical interview and a proposal for diagnostic criteria for apathy in dementia have been recently validated. There are several valid and reliable scales to measure the severity of apathy in patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders. In summary, apathy is increasingly recognised as a common behavioural syndrome associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. There is a need for consensus on diagnostic criteria to facilitate future research. From a nosological perspective, future studies should examine the overlap with other psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions and further validate specific diagnostic and assessment tools.
Human action recognition using labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation model

Recognition of human actions has already been an active area in the computer vision domain and techniques related to action recognition have been applied in plenty of fields such as smart surveillance, motion analysis and virtual reality. In this paper, we propose a new action recognition method which represents human actions as a bag of spatio-temporal words extracted from input video sequences and uses L-LDA (labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model as a classifier. L-LDA is a supervised model extended from LDA which is unsupervised. The L-LDA adds a label layer on the basis of LDA to label the category of the train video sequences, so L-LDA can assign the latent topic variable in the model to the specific action categorization automatically. What's more, due to above characteristic of L-LDA, it can help to estimate the model parameters more reasonably, accurately and fast. We test our method on the KTH and Weizmann human action dataset and the experimental results show that L-LDA is better than its unsupervised counterpart LDA as well as SVMs (support vector machines).
Kriging metamodeling in multiple-objective simulation optimization

This paper describes the application of Kriging metamodeling in multiple-objective simulation optimization. An Arena-based simulation model of an (s, S) inventory system is utilized to demonstrate the capabilities of Kriging metamodeling as a simulation tool. Response surface methodology and Kriging metamodeling are compared to determine the situations in which one approach might be preferred over the other. The optimization approaches described here have the objective of finding the optimal values of reorder point s and maximum inventory level S so as to minimize the total cost of the inventory system while maximizing customer satisfaction. This paper describes two alternative approaches to utilizing Kriging methodology with multiple-objective optimization in simulation studies.
Evaluating Complement-Modifier Distinctions in a Semantically Annotated Corpus

We evaluate the extent to which the distinction between semantically core and non-core dependents as used in the FrameNet corpus corresponds to the traditional distinction between syntactic complements and modifiers of a verb, for the purposes of harvesting a wide-coverage verb lexicon from FrameNet for use in deep linguistic processing applications. We use the VerbNet verb database as our gold standard for making judgements about complement-hood, in conjunction with our own intuitions in cases where VerbNet is incomplete. We conclude that there is enough agreement between the two notions (0.85) to make practical the simple expedient of equating core PP dependents in FrameNet with PP complements in our lexicon. Doing so means that we lose around 13% of PP complements, whilst around 9% of the PP dependents left in the lexicon are not complements.
First Functionalized MRI Contrast Agent Recognizing Vascular Lesions

A new MRI-contrast agent, EB-DTPA-Gd, that has an Evans Blue analogue as a sensing unit for endothelium lesions, was designed and synthesized. The agent also has diethylenetriamine- N, N, N ′, N ″, N ″-pentaacetic acid-Gd complex (Gadolinium-DTPA) units, which have been used as detection units for T1-weighted MRI. The EB-DTPA-Gd was able to recognize and adsorb to the vascular endothelium-denuded region of porcine aorta, and to decrease the relaxation time of circumferential water’s protons, making possible MR imaging of the endothelium-denuded region. The compound can be employed as a contrast agent for the imaging of vascular lesions using MRI.
Impact of CBR Traffic on Routing Protocols in MANETs

Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes which are dynamically and arbitrarily located in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on a continual basis. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. This paper examined routing protocols by varying CBR traffic but having identical mobility and stationary environmental conditions for ad hoc network. The simulation results obtained using GloMoSim simulator after comparing different ad hoc routing protocols named AODV, DSR, BFD and WRP based on throughput, collision and byte loss as performance parameters. The detailed simulation results and their analysis is presented. An appropriate and best choice of routing protocol is little difficult situation for some network. As shown in graphs, AODV, DSR routing protocol performs better corresponding to Throughput and Collision performance metrics and BFD algorithm perform slightly better corresponding to Byte Loss performance metrics.
Towards efficient high power mm-wave and terahertz sources in silicon: One decade of progress

All promising applications of terahertz (THz) and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) systems, from imaging and spectroscopy to high data-rate communication, necessitate the design of high efficiency signal generators. In addition to the high propagation loss of the signals in these frequency ranges, the lack of activity of the current CMOS/SiGe devices (since the desired frequencies are close to their ƒmax or beyond it) emphasizes on the importance of coming up with new design methods in order to generate high output power signal sources. At UNIC group of Cornell university, we have a long history of designing mm-wave and terahertz signal generators. It started from designing oscillators close to the ƒmax with output power much higher than the state of the art oscillators in CMOS and SiGe technologies. It embarked on a 121 GHz fundamental oscillator with −3.5 dBm output power in a 130 nm CMOS process. To generate higher frequencies, harmonic generators and frequency multipliers have led to oscillators with oscillation frequencies beyond the ƒmax. For instance, a triple-push oscillator is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process with −7.9 dBm output power at 480 GHz. In the next phase, to cope with the challenges of using varactors for frequency tuning, a novel injection-locked loop of oscillators is designed using these advanced oscillators as the core, which shows a 4.5% of tuning range at 290 GHz and has increased the output power to −2.1 dBm by combining the power of the fourth harmonic of four push-push oscillators. In another attempt, the injection-locked tuning loop is built upon eight voltage controlled oscillators (VCO's). Combining the output power of the second harmonic of the eight core VCO's leads to a maximum output power of 4.1 dBm at 256 GHz and the resulting VCO has a tuning range of 4.3% by employing two varactors, one inside the oscillator block and the other one in the phase shifter. At this point, the maximum DC-to-RF efficiency of all these oscillators were below 1.1% which compels the next challenging step to improve the DC-to-RF efficiency to a reasonable value. In this vital step, using a completely novel idea of shaping and maximizing the unilateral power gain of a two-port network (the measure of its activity), a fundamental oscillator is designed in a 130 nm SiGe process which has improved the DC-to-RF efficiency by a factor of 10 and has increased the output power to more than 4.8 dBm, utilizing only one transistor. This new approach enables the future THz and mm-wave systems to become both efficient and also capable of producing high output power. High tunability and frequencies higher than the ƒmax in addition to much higher output power can be attained by employing previous steps of combining the output powers and tuning through injection-locked loop of oscillators.
Protein intake, weight loss, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND Higher protein diets are promoted for effective weight loss. Striated tissues in omnivorous diets contain high-quality protein, but limited data exist regarding their effects on bone. METHODS To examine the effects of energy restriction-induced weight loss with higher protein omnivorous diets versus lower protein vegetarian diets on bone mineral density in overweight postmenopausal women, two randomized controlled feeding studies were conducted. In Study 1, 28 women consumed 750 kcal/day energy deficit diets with 18% energy from protein via lacto-ovo vegetarian sources (normal protein, n = 15) or 30% energy from protein with 40% of protein from lean pork (higher protein, n = 13, omnivorous) for 12 weeks. In Study 2, 54 women consumed their habitual diet (control, n = 11) or 1,250 kcal/day diets with 16% energy from nonmeat protein sources (n = 14) or 26% energy from protein, including chicken (n = 15) or beef (n = 14) for 9 weeks. RESULTS Study 1: With weight loss (normal protein -11.2%, higher protein -10.1%), bone mineral density was not significantly changed in normal protein (-0.003 ± 0.003 g/cm(2), -0.3%) but decreased in higher protein (-0.0167 ± 0.004 g/cm(2), -1. 4%, group-by-time p < . 05). Study 2: The control, nonmeat, chicken, and beef groups lost 1.5%, 7.7%, 10.4%, and 8.1% weight and 0.0%, 0.4%, 1.1%, and 1.4% bone mineral density, respectively. The change of bone mineral density was significant for chicken and beef compared with the control (group-by-time, p < .05). Markers of calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis in blood and urine were not changed over time or differentially affected by diet. CONCLUSION Consumption of higher protein omnivorous diets promoted decreased bone mineral density after weight loss in overweight postmenopausal women.
A New Method of Evolution Event Tracking Based on Variable Query

As a feature co-occurrence approach, the traditional event tracking technique encounters a dilemma when setting the tracking similarity threshold that can diminish its tracking effectiveness. In this paper we present a new event tracking method-variable query, which can automatically adjust query terms and its corresponding weights according to the event evolution stages and tracking similarity, and solve the dilemma well. Experiment shows that the method of variable query can improve the precision and decrease the false rate of tracking.
Trehalose delays the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by enhancing autophagy in motoneurons

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motoneuron disease with no current effective treatment. Accumulation of abnormal protein inclusions containing SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, among other proteins, is a pathological hallmark of ALS. Autophagy is the major degradation pathway involved in the clearance of damaged organelles and protein aggregates. Although autophagy has been shown to efficiently degrade ALS-linked mutant protein in cell culture models, several studies suggest that autophagy impairment may also contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this report, we tested the potential use of trehalose, a disaccharide that induces MTOR-independent autophagy, in the development of experimental ALS. Administration of trehalose to mutant SOD1 transgenic mice significantly prolonged life span and attenuated the progression of disease signs. These effects were associated with decreased accumulation of SOD1 aggregates and enhanced motoneuron survival. The protective effects of trehalose were associated with increased autophagy levels in motoneurons. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that trehalose led to mutant SOD1 degradation by autophagy in NSC34 motoneuron cells and also protected primary motoneurons against the toxicity of conditioned media from mutant SOD1 transgenic astrocytes. At the mechanistic level, trehalose treatment led to a significant upregulation in the expression of key autophagy-related genes at the mRNA level including Lc3, Becn1, Sqstm1 and Atg5. Consistent with these changes, trehalose administration enhanced the nuclear translocation of FOXO1, an important transcription factor involved in the activation of autophagy in neurons. This study suggests a potential use of trehalose and enhancers of MTOR-independent autophagy for the treatment of ALS.
Placement Design of Microphone Arrays in Near-Field Broadband Beamformers

In beamformer design, the microphone array configuration is often prescribed and the filter coefficients are varied in order to improve on the noise reduction performance. However, the positions of the microphone elements play an important role in the overall performance and should be optimized at the same time. This problem is addressed in this paper. In order to understand the performance improvement through location movements, we first look at the design with an infinite filter length, which gives the performance limit for finite filter length designs. When the filter length is finite, both the filter coefficients and the placement of the microphone array are decision variables. In both situations, the problems can be formulated as constrained optimization problems. As the filter length increases, we show that the performance converges quickly to the limit. For illustration, two numerical examples are solved. Comparing with several popular configurations, we show that the performance of the optimized configuration improves significantly.
Comparability of in Vitro Tests for Bioactive Nanoparticles: A Common Assay to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species as an Example

The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the electron transport of mitochondrial aerobic respiration is the major source of ROS. However, contact between cells and nanoparticles (NPs) can also induce release of ROS, leading to an imbalance towards the pro-oxidative state. At low levels of ROS production, cells initiate a protective response to guarantee their survival, but an excess of ROS can damage cellular compounds such as membranes and various organelles, or directly cause genotoxicity. Thus an elevated level of ROS is an important indicator of cellular stress and an accurate recording of this parameter would be very informative. ROS can be measured by various assays, but all known assays measuring and quantifying ROS possess certain weaknesses. The problems and challenges of quantitatively detecting ROS in vitro using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) assay is discussed as an example. In addition, we debate the difficulties in finding a suitable and stable chemical reaction control for the DCF assay (or other ROS-detecting assays). As a conclusion, we believe that using 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (Sin-1) as a ROS inducer in the DCF assay is feasible only qualitatively. However, a quantitative measurement of the absolute amount of ROS produced and a quantitative comparison between experiments is (at the moment) impossible.
Generalized one-step third derivative implicit hybrid block method for the direct solution of second order ordinary differential equation

In this article, an implicit hybrid method of order six is developed for the direct solution of second order ordinary differential equations using collocation and interpolation approach.To derive this method, the approximate solution power series is interpolated at the first and off-step points and its second and third derivatives are collocated at all points in the given interval.Besides having good numerical method properties, the new developed method is also superior to the existing methods in terms of accuracy when solving the same problems.