Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graphene-based nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion in lithium batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells

Due to their unique properties, together with their ease of synthesis and functionalization, graphene-based materials have been showing great potential in energy storage and conversion. These hybrid structures display excellent material characteristics, including high carrier mobility, faster recombination rate and long-time stability. In this review, after a short introduction to graphene and its derivatives, we summarize the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of graphene and its derivatives in the fields of energy storage (lithium ion, lithium–air, lithium–sulphur batteries and supercapacitors) and conversion (oxygen reduction reaction for fuel cells). This article further highlights the working principles and problems hindering the practical applications of graphene-based materials in lithium batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells. Future research trends towards new methodologies to the design and the synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposite with unique architectures for electrochemical energy storage and conversion are also proposed.
Influence of plant bio-regulators on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.).

An experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Applied Plant Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow during November 2012 to April2013 to study the influence of plant bio-regulators on growth and yield of garlic cv. Yamuna Safed4 (G232). The experiment consisted of foliar application of different doses of PBRs i.e. BA (25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm), NAA (100, 200, 300 and 400 ppm) and GA 3 (50, 100,150 and 200ppm). The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design and the treatments were replicated thrice. The result showed thatmaximum plant height (70.53 cm), number of leaves per plant (8.43), length of leaves (36.12 cm) and basal diameter of plant (14.60 mm)were recorded under the treatment T 9 i.e. application of GA 3 @ 50 ppm. The yield attributing parameters were also observed better in terms of diameter of bulb(5.42 cm), number of cloves per bulb (40.55 cm), fresh weight of bulb(47.85 g) and yield (22.75 ton/ha) under GA 3 @ 50 ppm treatment followed by NAA @ 100 ppm.
Transfert photonique dans un photoreacteur a ecoulement tourbillonnaire

Le transfert photonique est evalue pour deux conditions hydrodynamiques differentes dans un photoreacteur annulare: un ecoulement tourbillonnaire non entretenu genere par une entree tangentielle et un ecoulement axial genere par une entree radiale. Le coefficient de transfert photonique est determine graCce a la photoreduction homogene du ferri-oxalate de potassium. La comparaison des deux types d'ecoulement est realisee pour une solution aqueuse et pour une suspension de noir animal dans un milieu de faible penetration de la lumiere. Cette etude met en evidence l'interět des ecoulements tridimensionnels pour l'augmentation de l'efficacite des photoreacteurs. Photonic transfer has been analyzed for two hydrodynamic conditions in an annular photoreactor: a swirling decay- ing flow generated by a tangential inlet, and an axial flow generated by a radial inlet. The photonic transfer coefficient was determined by carrying out the homogeneous photoreduction of potassium ferrioxalate. A comparison of the two hydrodynamic conditions is made in aqueous solution and in a suspension of black carbon in order to reduce the light penetration depth. The last condition emphasizes the interest in using tridimensional flow to design a photoreactor.
Dynamic simulation of fiber suspensions in shear flow

A new method is presented to simulate the motion of concentrated fiber suspensions in shear flow at low Reynolds numbers without Brownian motion. The hydrodynamic interaction among fibers is considered in a particle simulation method (PSM), in which a fiber is modeled by arrays of spheres. The motion of each constituent sphere of a fiber, which are dispersed into a unit cell with periodic boundaries, is followed to predict the microstructure and the rheological properties. The hydrodynamic interaction is decomposed into two parts, intra‐ and interfiber ones. In the former, the many‐body problem is solved by calculating the mobility matrix for each fiber to obtain the hydrodynamic force and torque exerted on each sphere. In the latter, only the near‐field lubrication force is considered between spheres of one fiber and another. The validity of this approximate treatment was first examined for the sphere dispersed system. The simulated microstructure and the rheological properties were in very good agreemen.
Reaction Paths for Aqueous Decomposition of CCl2

The potential energy surface (PES) for the H2O + CCl2 reaction was investigated at the ab initio SCF and MP2 levels of theory, employing the DZP basis set, in order to determine the mechanism of basic aqueous decomposition of CCl2. Several possible pathways were considered, including reactions with other H2O molecules and OH-. We have found that the first step corresponds to insertion of CCl2 into the O−H bond of water, resulting in the CHCl2OH species. This molecule loses HCl in one elimination reaction catalyzed by OH-, forming ClCHO. Again, OH- catalyzes the elimination of other HCl, resulting in CO, the decomposition product. The first step is the slow one, and we have used transition-state theory to estimate the rate constant for the aqueous decomposition of CCl2. The obtained rate constant was used for building a general picture of CHCl3 decomposition in basic aqueous solution. The results of the present study are in agreement with experimental observations.
Autumn and Wintertime Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 from Urumqi, China

Concurrent sampling of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 aerosols on a rooftop (15 m above ground) was conducted at a location in urban Urumqi (Xinjiang University 43°77'N, 87°61'E) during September 2010 to March 2011. These filters were analyzed for fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ΣPAHs (sum of 15 PAHs) ranged from 0.11 to 1058.08 ng/m 3 in PM2.5 and 0.01 to 90.89 ng/m 3 in PM2.5–10, respectively. 90% of the ΣPAHs existed in PM2.5. In the autumn the ΣPAHs ranged from an undetectable level to 10.93 ng/m 3 in PM2.5 and 2.10 ng/m 3 in PM2.5–10, and in the winter from an undetectable level to 54.11 ng/m 3 in PM2.5 and 5.12 ng/m 3 in PM2.5–10. Benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent carcinogenic potency (BaPeq) was calculated to evaluate the cancer risk of carcinogenic PAHs to the public. The level of BaPeq in PM2.5 was an average of 5.97 ng/m 3 , significantly higher than the value recommended by the WTO (1 ng/m 3 ). This suggests that it is important to control regional combustion sources to reduce air pollution-related health risks in urban Urumqi.
A Vacuum Drying Model for Mango Pulp

Abstract Vacuum drying of mango pulp at varying conditions of pulp thickness (2, 3, and 4 mm) and vacuum chamber plate temperature (65, 70, and 75°C) was carried out under 30–50 mm of mercury absolute pressure. A model based on moisture diffusivity was found to give close prediction to moisture content of the pulp at different times of drying with correlation coefficient varying between 0.98–0.99 for pure mango pulp and pulp with ingredients. Color change of reconstituted pulp made from mango powder was found to depend more on pulp thickness than plate temperature. For getting low color change vacuum drying should be carried at maximum pulp thickness of 2.6 mm and vacuum chamber plate temperature of 72.3°C.
Is methylglyoxal a causative factor for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and endothelial dysfunction

The number of people having diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. An unbalanced diet rich in carbohydrates and saturated fats, obesity and lack of physical activity, are being blamed. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes for all agegroups has been estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and projected to be 4.4% by the year 2030. The pathogenesis of diabetes, especially the recent epidemic increase in type 2 diabetes, is still far from clear. Endothelial dysfunction, commonly defined as reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation due to reduced availability of the vasodilator mediator nitric oxide (NO), is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound mainly formed as an intermediate during glycolysis. MG is also formed to a lesser extent from protein and amino acid metabolism. However, the relative contribution of various metabolic precursors to MG formation is not known. Levels of MG have been found to be elevated in diabetic and hypertensive conditions but it is not known whether MG is the cause or the effect of these pathological conditions. The aim of my project was (i) to quantify the amount of MG and oxidative stress produced from various substrates in cultured A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), (ii) to investigate the acute in vivo effects of a single dose of MG on glucose tolerance in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, (iii) to investigate the effects of MG on endothelial function and (iv) to investigate the effects, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, of chronic administration of MG on glucose homeostasis in male SD rats. The results show that aminoacetone, a protein metabolism intermediate, is the most potent substrate for MG formation on a molar basis, whereas D-glucose and fructose are equipotent. I also established optimum sample preparation protocols for reproducible
Wind erosion and surface stability in abandoned milled peatlands

Peatlands exploited for their peat by the method of milling are poorly recolonized by plants after the cessation of extraction activities, in part due to unstable peat substrates. Wind erosion has been suspected to play a role in this instability. Four studies were conducted to investigate the role of wind erosion on abandoned milled peatlands. A wind tunnel experiment was performed to evaluate the erodibility of dry, loose peat as a function of its degree of decomposition. A second wind tunnel experiment was conducted to determine how crusted peats differ in their resistance to erosion as a function of their degree of decomposition, without the input of abraders. Third, wind profiles were measured in milled, revegetated and natural peatlands in southeastern Quebec to determine their aerodynamic roughness length. Finally, field measurements were made at three abandoned milled peatlands through two field seasons to characterize substrate stability and particle movement. In the wind tunnel, the erodibility .
The Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Two New Hydrated Sodium Monofluorophosphates: NaHPO3F·2.5 H2O (I) and Na2PO3F·10 H2O (II)

Abstract The structures of two new sodium salts of monofluorophosphoric acid, NaHPO 3 F·2.5 H 2 O (I) and Na 2 PO 3 F·10H 2 O (II), were determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 160 K. I is monoclinic with the space group C 2/ c , a =19.112(4), b =5.341(1), c =12.727(3) A, β =110.18(3)°, V =1219.4(4) A 3 , and Z =8 ( R 1 =0.0276 and w R 2 =0.0647). II crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P 2 1 / c , a =11.380(3), b =10.234(2), c =13.051(4) A, β =106.49(3)°, V =1457.4(7) A 3 , and Z =4 ( R 1 =0.0266 and w R 2 =0.0581). The crystal structure of I contains hydrogen-bonded zigzag chains of HPO 3 F tetrahedra. The fluorine atom does not participate in the hydrogen bonding system. In the structure of II, hydrogen bonds create a complex structure of water molecules connected to each other and to the PO 3 F tetrahedron. The structure is isotypic to Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O with two disordered hydrogen atoms instead of four. The fluorine atom acts as an acceptor in two of the hydrogen bonds.
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques The effect of the global UV irradiance measurement accuracy on the single scattering albedo retrieval

The possibility of measuring aerosol optical absorption properties in the UV spectral range such as single scattering albedo (SSA), using remote sensing techniques, is currently an open scientific issue. We investigate the limitations on calculating column average SSA using a combination of global UV spectral measurements (that are comon in various UV monitoring stations worldwide) with radiative transfer modeling. To point out the difficulties in such a retrieval we have used the travelling reference spectroradiometer QASUME (Quality Assurance of Spectral Ultraviolet Measurements in Europe) results from 27 visits to UV monitoring stations around Europe. We have used the QASUME instrument as relative reference, analyzing absolute differences and also temporal and spectral deviations of UV irraidances, that are used as basic input for the SSA retrieval. The results comparing the mean SSA derived by all instruments, measuring synchronous UV spectra, showed that 5 were within±0.02 difference from the SSA calculated from the QASUME instrument, while 17 were within ±0.04, for the Solar zenith angle of 60 degrees. As for the uncertainty that has been calculated using the 2 σ standard deviation of the spectral measurements, a mean 0.072 and 0.10 (2 σ ) uncertainties have been calculated for 60 ◦ and 30, respectively. Based on the fact that additional uncertainties would be introduced in the SSA retrieval from AOD model input accuracy, assymetry parameter assumptions, we show that only very few instrumnents could be able to detect long term SSA changes. However, such measurements/results ar useful in order to retrieve SSA at UV wavelengths, a product needed for various applications such as, inputs for modeling radiative forcing studies and satellite retrieval algorithms. Correspondence to: S. Kazadzis (kazadzis@meteo.noa.gr)
SOIL-WATER CONTENT DEPENDENCY OF WATER REPELLENCY IN SOILS

Water repellency (WR) of soils is a global phenomenon. It affects hydrological processes such as infiltration, preferential flow, and surface erosion. Although the soil WR varies nonlinearly with soil-water content (w), WR is often determined at one fixed soil-water content. For a coarse sandy soil, we provide a comparison of the whole WR-w curve under a range of varying factors: (i) crop type, (ii) straw incorporation, removal, or burning, (iii) levels of nitrogen addition, (iv) pH, and (v) soil organic carbon content. The curves were determined on soil samples ranging from oven-dried at 105 °C to soil-water contents above which the soils become permanently wettable using the molarity of an ethanol droplet test. The trapezoidal integrated area under the WR-w curves was used as an index for characterizing WR. Soil under perennial grass followed by forest showed the highest WR, whereas the cereal crops wheat, oat, and rye had the lowest WR over the whole range of soil-water contents. Postharvest straw incorporation gave a higher WR compared with straw removal or burning. The WR tended to decrease with increasing levels of nitrogen addition. For low-phosphorus input soils, WR tended to decrease with increasing pH; for normal phosphorus inputs, we found no clear effect of increasing lime application (pH). The trapezoidal integrated area under the WR-w curves, the soil-water content at the highest value of WR, and the soil-water content above which the soil becomes wettable were significantly positively correlated with the soil organic carbon content throughout. Plotting the soil moisture-dependent WR behavior for this and comparison soils from literature in the form of WR versus pF (log[−soil-water matric potential, in cm H2O]) showed a normalizing effect on WR behavior with an initial increase (from drainage) in WR situated around pF 2.5-3. Thus, it is crucial to consider the whole WR-w curve and not just a single point when evaluating soil WR.
Caracterização da polpa do coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata var capitata)

The aim of this work was to measure the chemical composition and the vitamin A, vitamin C and total phenolics compounds of 'coquinho-azedo' pulp (Butia capitata var capitata). The moisture, lipids, ash and fiber contents were determined by gravimetric methods; the mineral profile was characterized by inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer; the pro-vitamin A value was calculate through carotenoids measure; the vitamin C content was determined by dichlorophenolindophenol method; phenolic compounds were determined by Folin-Ciocalteou method, using gallic acid and tannic acid as standards, and by vanillin method, using catechin as standard. The 'coquinho-azedo' pulp, if compared with other fruits normally consumed, presented high content of oil (2,5%), dietetic fiber (7,0%), pro-vitamin A (146,2 RAE 100g-1), vitamin C (53mg 100g-1), phenolic compounds (210mg of catechin equivalent 100g-1 of pulp, by vanillin method; 116mg of tannic acid equivalent 100g-1 of pulp, by Folin-Ciocalteou method) and potassium (516mg 100g1). The 'coquinho-azedo' presented high potential to enrich the food of local population, especially as a source of fiber, pro-vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium, as an example that has been happening in the meals for school children at the North of the state of Minas Gerais. These results show the high value of products supplied by small farmers, presenting the cultural importance of the Butia capitata var capitata and valuing the maintenance of the variability.
The synergistic effects of Al and Te on the structure and Li+-mobility of garnet-type solid electrolytes

The cubic garnet-type solid electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 with aliovalent doping exhibits a high ionic conductivity. However, the synergistic effects of aliovalent co-doping on the ionic conductivity of garnet-type electrolytes have rarely been examined. In this work, the synergistic effects of co-dopants Al and Te on the ionic conductivity of garnets were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al/6Li Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Neutron Powder Diffraction (NPD) and Alternating Current (AC) impedance measurements. It was shown that co-dopants Al and Te stabilized the cubic lattice of Li7−2x−3yAlyLa3Zr2−xTexO12 with specific Al/Te ratios, where additional Al had to be included in the structure if the amount of doped Te content x was below 0.5. In the Al and Te co-doped crystal structure, Al was incorporated into the tetrahedral 24d sites of lithium and Te occupied 16a sites of Zr. It was revealed that the occupancy of the latter could suppress the insertion of Al. High-resolution 6Li MAS NMR was able to differentiate the two lithium sites of interest in the garnet structure. Furthermore, it was shown that the mobility of Li ions at 24d sites mainly determined the bulk conductivities of garnet-type electrolytes.
Structure and Internal Motion of C2F6 and Si2Cl6 Vapors

The molecular structure and internal motion of C2F6 vapor and of Si2Cl6 vapor have been investigated by means of the sector‐microphotometer method of electron diffraction. Both molecules exhibit hindered internal rotation, with equilibrium in the trans position. The interdependence of the potential barrier and the modes of vibration other than the torsional is presented graphically. The values for the bonded distances are: C – F = 1.32±0.01 A, C – C = 1.56±0.03 A with ∠ CCF = 109½°±1½° and Si – Cl = 2.01±0.01 A, Si – Si = 2.24±0.06 A with ∠ SiSiCl = 109½°±1°.
Pt−Ru Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes as Methanol Fuel Cell Catalysts

Bimetallic Pt−Ru alloy catalysts have been demonstrated to be more active than pure Pt catalysts in the electrooxidation of methanol. We report here a study on Pt−Ru nanoparticle catalysts supported on sonochemically functionalized carbon nanotubes. The catalysts were prepared by directly reducing the corresponding salts, K2PtCl4 and K2RuCl5, in an ethylene glycol aqueous solution containing dispersed carbon nanotubes. Three catalysts of different Pt to Ru atomic ratios, namely, Pt53Ru47, Pt69Ru31, and Pt77Ru23, were prepared for investigation of the compositional effects. It was shown that highly dispersed bimetallic Pt−Ru alloy nanoparticles with no agglomeration can be synthesized on the carbon nanotubes with average particle sizes of less than 3.0 nm in diameter. The Pt−Ru nanoparticles are uniform and cover only the outside of the carbon nanotubes. It was found that the polyol process produced alloy compositions that are not consistent with the metal ratios in the precursors. It was also found that t.
Powder determination of 39K nuclear quadrupole coupling

Direct high-field NMR spectroscopy of powder samples is employed to measure the 39K nuclear quadrupolar coupling parameters, e2qQ/h and η, in 16 common inorganic potassium salts. It is shown that high-field NMR powder spectroscopy of 39K gives clear compound characterisation and is particularly well suited as a technique for monitoring phase transitions in potassium compounds.
Physiological Responses of Juvenile Walleyes to Handling Stress with Recovery in Saline Water

Abstract Juvenile walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) were subjected to a 30-s net handling to determine their physiological stress responses and differential recovery in freshwater (FW) and saline water (SW; 0.5% NaCl). Plasma cortisol rose from 11 ± 4.4 ng/mL (mean ± SE) to 286 ± 40 ng/mL within 15 min of handling, and blood lymphocyte–erythrocyte (RBC) ratios decreased from 40 ± 6.0 per thousand RBCs to 13 ± 0.7 in 3 h. Plasma cortisol recovered more quickly (e.g., 123 ± 22 ng/mL in FW versus 44 ± 7.1 in SW at 3 h) and plasma osmolality was less affected (e.g., 269 ± 4.5 in FW versus 283 ± 4.7 milliosmol/kg in SW at 6 h) in fish during recovery in SW compared with those in FW. However, declines in lymphocyte–RBC ratios appeared unmodified by salt use. Confining fish during recovery evoked a second increase in plasma cortisol in both FW and SW, but the increase was less in SW (186 ± 26 and 118 ± 11 ng! mL, respectively). Plasma osmolality remained unchanged in fish held in SW, and the increase in the neutrop.
Variation diurne de la composition chimique et influence sur les propriétésantimicrobiennes de l’huile essentielle de Ocimum canum Sims cultivé au Bénin

L’huile essentielle de Ocimum canum Sims ( Lamiaceae ) obtenue par hydrodiffusion a differents moments de la journee a ete analysee par GC/FID et GC/SM puis testee sur differentes bacteries par la microtechnique de dilution. Le rendement et la composition chimique de l’huile varient selon le temps et l’ensoleillement. Abondant le matin a 7 heures (1,71±0,01%), le rendement decroit progressivement avec l’augmentation des rayons solaires, jusqu’a son minimum a 13 heures (1,35±0,01%) quand le soleil est au zenith, avant de croitre a nouveau a sa valeur la plus elevee (1,78±0,02% a 19 h) au couche du soleil. Plus de 54 composes representant pres de 98% des hydrodiffusats, ont ete identifies dans les differents echantillons. Les principaux sont : α-thujene (5,56 a 7,85%), β-myrcene (2 a 6,94%), δ-3-carene (3,07 a 4,84%), p-cymene (14,61 a 22,8%), g-terpinene (6,05 a 10,7%), carvacrol (7,94 a 30,8%), β-caryophyllene (0,15 a 18,86%) et β- selinene (2,74 a 14,41%). Les taux de certains constituants comme β-caryophyllene et β-selinene croissent avec l’ensoleillement contrairement a ceux du carvacrol, p-cymene. Cette variation diurne perturbe la synergie d’action des constituants de l’huile qui presentent une forte activite inhibitrice (0,38 a 7,19 mg/ml) sur Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25923, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19609 et Staphylococcus aureus resistante 1199B NorA. Les huiles obtenues a 7 heures et 19 heures sont les plus efficaces a faible concentration (0,38 a 2,88 mg/ml). Pour la premiere fois, l'interaction est demontree entre variation diurne de la composition chimique et proprietes antimicrobiennes de l'huile essentielle de Ocimum canum Sims du Benin. Keywords : Ocimum americanum , composes volatils, Chemotype a carvacrol Variation diurne-Activite antibacterienne