Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modulation behaviours and interchangeability of modulators for electrical machines

National Natural Science Foundation of China under Major Project, Grant/Award Number: 51991381; The Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University, Grant/Award Number: YBPY1936 Abstract The authors aimed to investigate the modulation behaviours and the interchangeability of three kinds of modulators in electrical machines, which are short circuited coil, salient pole reluctance and flux barriers, to understand the evolution of the modulator and reveal their individual action mechanism based on the general airgap field modulation theory. The modulation behaviours are systematically analysed and compared, including the modulation principles of the improved short circuited coil, the relationship between salient pole reluctance and pole arc together with slot opening depth etc., based on which the key rule of interchangeable modulators is summarised. Although different modulators possess different magnetic field modulation principles and magnetic conversion capabilities, they share the similar asynchronous behaviours and modulated harmonics distribution. In addition, the detailed topological analysis of traditional brushless doubly fed machine with interchangeable and combined modulators is presented to show the effectiveness of the theoretical investigation. Electromagnetic performances comparison, such as airgap flux density distribution, cross coupling ability, general torque performances and inductance characteristics, of a brushless doubly fed machine with different modulators are provided to reveal the relation between the machine performances and magnetic field conversion capability. Theoretical predictions are verified by 2‐D finite element analysis and experimental measurements.
Swarms of Artificial Platelets for Emergent Hole Detection and Healing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Most of the applications of wireless sensor networks require the continuous coverage of a region of interest. The irregular deployment of the nodes, or their failure, could result in holes in the coverage, thus jeopardizing such requirement. Methods to recover the sensing capabilities usually demand the availability of redundant full-fledged nodes, whose relocation should heal the holes. These solutions, however, do not consider the high cost of obtaining redundant, typically complex, devices, nor that they could in turn fail. In this work, we propose a bio-inspired and emergent approach toward hole detection and healing using a swarm of resource-constrained agents with reduced sensing capabilities, whose behavior draws inspiration from the concepts underlying blood coagulation. The swarm follows three rules: activation, adhesion, and cohesion, adapted from the behavior exhibited by platelets during the human healing process. Relying only on local and relative information, the mobile agents can detect the holes border and place themselves in locally optimal positions to temporarily restore the service. To validate the algorithm, we have developed a distributed, multi-process simulator. Experimental results show that the proposed method efficiently detects and heals the holes, outperforming two state-of-the-art solutions. It also demonstrates good robustness and flexibility to agent failure.
Spatial Modeling of Forage Crops for Tiger Prey Species in the Area Surrounding Highway 304 in the Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex

Spatial modeling is an analytical procedure that simulates real-world conditions using remote sensing and geographic information systems. The field data in this study were collected from 318 survey plots in the area surrounding highway 304 in the Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex (DPKY-FC) during the 2019 rainy season. Forage-crop biomass was collected from all plots. We focused on sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) and gaur (Bos gaurus), which are the main prey for tigers in this area. We created spatial models using generalized linear models with stepwise regression. The results indicated that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) varied directly with grass biomass but inversely with shrub biomass (p<0.05). Elevation varied directly with forb biomass but inversely with shrub biomass (p<0.05). The probability of occurrence of sambar deer varied directly with distance from disturbance variables, distance from the stream, and grass biomass (p<0.001), but inversely with NDVI (p<0.05). The occurrence of gaur varied directly with NDVI (p=0.08), but varied inversely with slope, distance from the road, and distance from the stream (p<0.05). Our results demonstrate that spatial modeling can be an effective tool for wildlife habitat management in the area surrounding highway 304.
Deactivation of a Ce/TiO2 Catalyst by SO2 in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3

The effects of SO2 on the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 over a Ce/TiO2 catalyst were studied. Conversion of NO remained above 90% in the presence of 100 ppm SO2 at 350 °C for 48 h. However, when 180 ppm SO2 was added at 300 °C, NO conversion only remained above 90% during the first 12 h and then gradually decreased with time. Characterizations of fresh and SO2-poisoned Ce/TiO2 catalysts were carried out using Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method, ion chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The analytical results indicate that there was no obvious change in the crystal structure of the different samples; however, the specific area decreased with SO2 poisoning time. Sulfates were formed and preferentially diffused from the surface to a bulk phase during the poisoning process. Temperature-programmed desorption and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy results show that in the presence of O2, SO2 could react with NH3 to form NH4HSO4, which is deposi.
Association of satellite RNA with Grapevine fanleaf virus in its geographical origin and sequence characteristics

The region between The Caspian Sea and Black Sea has been hypothesized as the origin of grapevine. Likewise, an extensive study on Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) from this region suggests this region as a possible origin of the virus. However, as yet there is no information as to whether or not the virus variants from this region accompanied with the virus satellite RNA (satRNA) and if so, how diverse theses satRNAs can be. To answer these questions, Grapevine fanleaf virus isolates were collected from different vineyards in the northwest region of Iran for the occurrence of the satellite RNA. A total of 421 samples including Vitis vinifera , Chenopodium quinoa , C. amaranticolor , Cynodon dactylis , Medicago sativa were initially screened against GFLV by RT-PCR with the coat protein primers (Cp433, Cp912). When the GFLV-infected plants (36 samples) were screened by RT-PCR with the newly designed satRNA primers Gf750 and Gr750, Phylogenetic studies revealed distinctness of the satRNAs from Iran. This may suggest coevolution of the satRNA with the helper virus because GFLV isolates from this region also form a distinct branch. Among previously reported corresponding satRNA sequences to those from Slovenia and South Central Europe were the closest. This study also reports C. amaranticolor as the natural host for GFLV, which was previously reported only as an experimental host.
Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization

We use the state-mandated stay-at-home orders during the coronavirus pandemic as a set- ting to study whether political beliefs inhibit compliance with government orders. Using geolocation data sourced from smartphones, we ﬁnd residents in Republican counties are less likely to completely stay at home after a state order has been implemented relative to those in Democratic counties. Debit card transaction data shows that Democrats are more likely to switch to remote spending after state orders are implemented. Heterogeneity in factors such as Covid-19 risk exposure, geography, and county characteristics do not com- pletely rule out our ﬁndings, suggesting political beliefs are an important determinant in the effectiveness of government mandates. Political alignment with oﬃcials giving orders may partially explain these partisan differences.
Structural characterization, spectroscopic, thermal, AC conductivity and dielectric properties and antimicrobial studies of (C8H12N)2[SnCl6]

ABSTRACT A new inorganic-organic hybrid material produced from 2,6-dimethylanilinium cations and tin halide (SnCl6)2− has been synthesized and structurally determined by X-ray diffraction method. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m with a = 19.8772(4), b = 6.9879(1), c = 8.3001(2) Å, β = 98.487(2)° and V = 1140.26(4) Å3. The crystal structure is built up of sheets of (SnCl6)2− octahedral anions and 2,6-xylidinium cations. The optical band gap was calculated and found to be 4.11 eV. At high temperature this compound exhibits a structural phase transition at 338 K. This has been characterized by differential scanning calorimetric and dielectric studies. Measurements of AC conductivity as a function of frequency at different temperatures indicated the hopping conduction mechanism. The bioassay results showed that the structure exhibits significant antibacterial activity.
A new electron diffraction approach for structure refinement applied to Ca3Mn2O7

The ‘digital’ large-angle convergent-beam electron diffraction (D-LACBED) method uses computer control of a transmission electron microscope to collect hundreds of diffraction patterns from a region a few nanometres in size, which are combined into a single data set. The sensitivity of the resulting patterns to crystal structure is explored using the Ruddlesden–Popper oxide Ca3Mn2O7 and it is found that refinement of atomic coordinates can be performed to sub-picometre precision.
First-Principles Modeling of SrTiO3 Based Oxides for Thermoelectric Applications

Using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we studied the electronic and thermoelectric properties of SrTiO3 based oxide materials and their nanostructures of SrTiO3/KNbO3, SrTiO3/LaVO3, SrO[SrTiO3], SrO[SrTiO3]2, and SrO[CoO2F] superlattices identifying those nanostructures which possess highly anisotropic electronic bands. We showed recently that highly anisotropic flat-and-dispersive bands can maximize the thermoelectric power factor, and at the same time they can produce low dimensional electronic transport in bulk semiconductors. Although most of the considered nanostructures show such highly anisotropic bands, their predicted thermoelectric performance is not improved over that of SrTiO3. Besides highly anisotropic character, we emphasize the importance of the large weights of electronic states participating in transport and the small effective mass of charge carriers along the transport direction. These requirements may be better achieved in binary transition metal oxides than in ABO.
Exposure to Inequality may Cause Under-Provision of Public Goods: Experimental Evidence

With the rise of information technologies, citizens can compare public good efficiencies between countries easier now and being aware of large efficiency differences may affect tax compliance behavior. We experimentally test whether contributions in the public goods game are sensitive to comparative information regarding marginal per capita returns of other groups. Our experimental results indeed suggest that comparative information creates polarization in contribution levels in the presence of large inequality between comparison groups.
Garlic: a review of its medicinal effects and indicated active compounds

Numerous clinical trials with garlic cloves and standardized garlic powder tablets leave little doubt that modest amounts of garlic have significant cardiovascular effects by reducing serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and platelet aggregation. Epidemiological and animal studies strongly indicate significant anticancer effects, particularly for the intestinal tract. Furthermore, its intestinal and topical antimicrobial activities have been its longest recognized effects. Identification of the compounds essential to the activity of garlic, mostly ascribed to its high content of sulfur compounds, has only been partially resolved. So far, the thiosulfinates, of which allicin is 7080%, are the only compounds with reasonably proven activity at levels representing normal amounts of garlic consumption. They are clearly responsible for the antimicrobial effects. Several evidences also indicate that they are essential to most of the hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects of garlic, and for some of its anticancer effects. However, because the thiosulfinates are rapidly metabolized and since their active metabolites have not yet been identified, little is known about their mechanism of action. The compounds responsible for the hypotensive effects and much of the anticancer and immune effects of garlic remain unknown. Until they are known, it is best to consume garlic in whole form, fresh or dried.
Effect of hydrogen and oxygen plasma on the photoelectronic current and photo-response time of SnS2 flakes

The photoelectronic properties of SnS2 flakes have been widely studied due to the abundance and environmentally friendly qualities of this material. However, the defects and residual molecules adsorbed on the SnS2 surface can have a negative influence on the photoelectronic current and photo-response time. In this paper we examine the effects of these two factors on the photoelectronic currents of SnS2 flakes. Defects on a single crystal SnS2 surface are fabricated using hydrogen and oxygen plasma and are characterized by atomic force microscopy, confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Doping by oxygen plasma can be demonstrated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both the photoelectronic current and the switching speed (on and off times) are reduced after hydrogen plasma treatment. However, oxygen plasma has two effects on SnS2 thin film transistors. First, oxygen plasma can remove the residual molecules within a short irradiation time. In this case, the photoelectronic current of SnS2 treated with oxygen plasma is enhanced several times. Second, with a longer treatment time oxygen plasma induces many defects and doping on the SnS2 flake surface, as reflected in the reduced photoelectronic current and switching speed. Results of this work have significant practical applications for photoelectronic detection with SnS2 flakes.
Implementation of Four-Tier Multiple-Choice Instruments Based on the Partial Credit Model in Evaluating Students’ Learning Progress

One of the issues that hinder the students’ learning progress is the inability to construct an epistemological explanation of a scientific phenomenon. Four-tier multiple-choice (hereinafter, 4TMC) instrument and Partial-Credit Model were employed to elaborate on the diagnosis process of the aforementioned problem. This study was to develop and implement the four-tier multiplechoice instrument with Partial-Credit Model to evaluate students’ learning progress in explaining the conceptual change of state of matter. This research applied a development research referring to the test development model by Wilson. The data were obtained through development and validation techniques on 20 4TMC items tested to 427 students. On each item, the study applied diagnostic-summative assessment and certainty response index. The students’ conceptual understanding level was categorized based on the combination of their answer choices; the measurement generated Partial-Credit Model for 1 parameter logistic (IPL) data. Analysis of differences was based on the student level class using Analysis of Variants (One-way ANOVA). This study resulted in 20 valid and reliable 4TMC instruments. The result revealed that the integration of 4TMC test and Partial-Credit Model was effective to be treated as the instrument to measure students’ learning progress. One-way ANOVA test indicated the differences among the students’ competence based on the academic level. On top of that, it was discovered that low-ability students showed slow progress due to the lack of knowledge as well as a misconception in explaining the Concept of Change of State of Matter. All in all, the research regarded that the diagnostic information was necessary for teachers in prospective development of learning strategies and evaluation of science learning.
STEM Education in Indonesia: Science Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives

STEM education in indonesia has become a commitment for all of stakeholders in the field of science education in the last several years. All education participants agree to increase the popularity of STEM education in various parties, especially teachers and students. The research has been conducted to see to what extent science teachers in the secondary school interpret and understand STEM education and how Students pertain toward STEM learning. The research was conducted with a descriptive method using a survey approach. A set of questionnaire which comprises open-ended and closed-ended questions about teachers’ and students’ perceptions and understanding regarding STEM education were developed and applied. Responses from science teachers as well as students were then analysed through interpretative methods in which the participants’ own meanings and points of view were sought. The result indicated that STEM education is quite well understood by science teachers. Most of teachers show the same level of understanding toward STEM Education. Unfortunately, not many teachers have applied the STEM approach for science learning in the classroom. This is led to the weak understanding of STEM learning in students’side. Most of students did not familiar with “STEM learning” term. Based on the research, it is reccomended that the science teachers’ training and development should be reorientated and implemented through lesson analysis with various best practices on STEM learning systematically and continually.
Melt Spinning of Plastic-Grade Polypropylene

The goals of our research were to optimize the melt spinning of filaments spun from plastic-grade polypropylene polymer and to compare the structural characteristics of as-spun filaments obtained from plastic- and fiber-grade polymers. The melt spinning of polypropylene filaments was carried out on an Extrusion Systems Ltd. laboratory spin-draw device. The spinning process was optimized in order to avoid the onset of spinline instabilities and spinline diameter fluctuations and was carried out as gravitational spinning with no-take-up application. From measurement of the average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, some degradation of molecules and narrowing of molecular weight distribution in both types of as-spun filaments was determined. At both tested as-spun filaments, produced by rapid cooling of an extruded jet, only the spherulitic structure composed of α-monoclinic crystals was established. In comparison to the filaments spun from the fiber-grade polymer, filaments spun from the plastic-grade polymer had higher density, melting enthalpy, and higher crystallinity, resulting in higher tenacity of these filaments.
Modelling of radio-frequency breakdown in argon

The problem of improving the agreement between the theoretically predicted and experimentally established breakdown voltage during the optimisation of the plasma technological processes is considered. New simple modified analytical breakdown criteria are obtained for low and medium-pressure RF capacitive discharge in argon at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. These criteria are based on well known criteria and experimental data and have an implicit form as a function of the parameter pd, where p is the gas pressure and d is the electrode separation. It is shown that the obtained results are in good agreement with the experiments.
Calculations of magnetically induced current densities: theory and applications

A review of computational studies of magnetically induced current density susceptibilities in molecules and their relation to experiments is presented. The history of the investigation of magnetically induced current densities and ring currents in molecules is briefly covered. The theoretical development of relativistic and nonrelativistic computational approaches for computing current densities in closed‐shell and open‐shell molecules is discussed and different state of the art methods to interpret calculated current densities are reviewed. Numerical integration approaches to assess global, semilocal, and local aromatic properties of multiring molecules are presented and demonstrated on free‐base trans‐porphyrin. We show that numerical integration of the current density combined with guiding visualization techniques of the current flow is a powerful tool for studies of the aromatic character of complicated molecular structures such as annelated aromatic and antiaromatic rings. Representative applications are reported illustrating the importance of careful current density studies for organic and inorganic chemistry. The applications include calculations of current densities and current strengths for aromatic, antiaromatic, and nonaromatic molecules of different kind. Current densities in spherical, cylindrical, tetrahedral, toroidal, and Möbius‐twisted molecules are discussed. The aromatic character, current pathways, and current strengths of porphyrins are briefly highlighted. Aromatic properties of inorganic molecules are assessed based on current density calculations. Current strengths as a noninvasive tool to determine strengths of hydrogen bonds are discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:639–678. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1270
Towards enhancing local citizen participation in Uganda

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative model of enhancing citizen participation in Uganda. Research Methodology: The central approach for this paper was review of obtainable theoretical and conceptual writings on citizen participation in Uganda and other parts of the world. Literature review is the gathering of information from obtainable resources such as educational journals and statistical periodicals. The approach has been demonstrated to be very effective and can be applied at any stage of a research process. Results: Citizen Participation encourages marginalised groups to be organised in structures under their control; brings knowledge of their social environment and process to the local government agenda in a way that no other structure can as well as fostering self-reliance. Limitations: This study took a desk research and the actual opinions from selected citizens may be parallel to the conclusions obtained in this review. Contribution: The study can be used for local government managers implementing community-driven projects. Keywords: Citizen participation, policy implementation, stakeholders, bureaucrats, local leaders
Comparative study of customer relationship management (CRM) and electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM)

Customer Relationship Management can have great help to different companies of different sizes as it offers direct relation with the efficient in organizing, disseminating, and establishing values. The current study is the investigation into and comparison of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM). The study also aims to compare CRM and ECRM. The study also aims at showing to what extent building good relationships with the customer is of great role to companies. The study reviewed the recent articles published in the international databases. No exclusion criteria were made according to the country or location of the study. It views profit from another perspective as it focuses on establishing good relationships with the customers and clients as it is a better window to create customer retention and loyalty and thus lead to profits is seen and treated from the customers and client's retention and loyalty point of view to assure customers and clients loyalty and retention, the study follows customer orientation approach.