Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic investigation of Irish ancestry and surname history

THESIS 7569%%%%Several genetic systems were employed in this study to investigate Ireland? s pre-history and history. Initially Irish origins were examined using mtDNA sequence variation in 200 new samples coupled with an extensive novel analysis of pre-existing European mtDNA, Y chromosome and autosomal diversity. The same prominent trend is recorded in loci with different inheritance modes and indicates a shared genetic ancestry among the people of the European Atlantic Fa? ade. The origins of this probably lie in the post glacial recolonisation of Western Europe and Ireland from an Iberian Ice age refugium and its preservation precludes complete or substantial population replacement by central European Celtic invaders during the Iron Age. Additional examination of longitudinal east-west Irish autosomal diversity using classical genes and 380 STRs detected little evidence of the strong intra-Ireland genetic differentiation observed in the Y chromosome. This is in agreement with mtDNA and potentially points to the importance of male-specific behaviours, rather than preferential East-coast migration, in generating the Y chromosome pattern. Next, the extent of patrilineal coinheritance of Y chromosomes and Irish surnames was explored and then used to investigate the specific origins and histories of several surnames. Analysis of Y chromosome diversity in 1105 men using a combination of fast evolving STR and stable UEP markers, in both local and general Irish contexts, demonstrates that Irish surnames collectively reflect real and recent shared paternal ancestry. The extent of this varies between surnames reflecting basic differences in the number of early founders. Furthermore, modern surname populations are invariably a mixture of numerous paternal ancestries of varying legacy, indicating complex and continuously evolving post-foundation histories. While these results are in broad agreement with historical accounts, there is nonetheless a valuable role for a molecular Y chromosome approach in the elucidation of individual surname history. In a variation on this approach, Y chromosome diversity in 47 Irish men with a putative Viking/Norse surname origin was used to explore the nature and extent of Viking settlement in Ireland. Extensive admixture analysis detected little or no Scandinavian ancestry indicating a substantial Norse cultural impact in the absence of a large number of Scandinavian migrants; an observation perhaps best explained by an elite dominance model of Viking settlement in Ireland.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Percutaneous Injuries and Splash Exposures among Health-Care Workers in Rift Valley Provincial and War Memorial Hospitals, Kenya

Accidental occupational exposure of healthcare workers to blood and body fluids after skin injury or mucous contact constitutes a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Such pathogens include Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors for percutaneous injuries and splash exposure among healthcare workers in Rift Valley provincial and War Memorial hospitals. The study design was cross-sectional conducted from October to December 2010. Self reported incidents and circumstances surrounding occupational exposure were sought by use of interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. An audit was conducted to assess occupational exposure prevention programs. Twenty four percent of healthcare workers (n=348) reported having been exposed to blood and body fluids in the preceding 12 months. In RVPGH, percutaneous injuries were reported by 19% (n=305) and splash to mucous membrane by 7%, with 11% reporting multiple exposures. Higher rates of percutaneous injuries were observed among nurses (50%), during stitching (30%), and in obstetric department (25%). Forty eight percent (n=83) reported the incidents with 20% (n=83) taking PEP against HIV. Health workers aged below 40 years were more likely to experience percutaneous injuries (OR= 3.7; P-value=0.034) while previous training in infection prevention was protective (OR= 0.52; P-value=0.029). The facilities lacked an occupational risk control plan. Percutaneous injuries and splashes are common in Rift Valley and War Memorial hospitals. Preventive measures remain inadequate. Post-exposure management is poorly adhered to with gross underreporting. Health institutions should have policies, institute surveillance for occupational risks and enhance training of health care workers.
Local Entrepreneurship in the Context of Food Production: A Review

Local food production is meaningful not only for a single producer but also for the consumer, and finally for the entire region. Therefore, it would be beneficial to take up the issue of local entrepreneurship in the context of food production. The aim of the study was to analyze important terms, research topics, and research results related to the issue of local entrepreneurship in the context of food production. Literature review revealed definitional discrepancies related to the subject of the study. Thus, the need to create an unambiguous definition of local food and local entrepreneurship was emphasized. Own definitions of these issues were provided. Most of the available publications are devoted to local food produced in selected countries. In the analyzed research papers, the problem of local food is most often correlated with marketing or health-promoting properties of local food. A research gap was identified: suggestions were made in regards to the research problems worth bringing up in empirical research in the interest of activating local entrepreneurship.
Problems and perspectives of sustainable marketing development on the Russian food market

Nowadays the modern market of food retail is going through a transition period. Consumers tend, on the one hand, to reasonable savings, on the other hand, to meet the need for quality products. Retailers have a difficult task – to follow the concept of sustainable development, while maintaining profitability. The authors of this article, using the methods of content analysis of consumer reviews, observation, online survey, assess the implementation of environmental programs by representatives of retail chains, identify consumer interest in the concept of Zero Waste, and evaluate the satisfaction of the product retail on key attributes.
Does Audit Market Concentration and Legal Regime Matter in Audit Pricing? Theory and International Evidence

Following large-scale auditor consolidations in the late 1980s and early 1990s, along with Arthur Andersen’s collapse in 2001, the global audit market has become highly concentrated during the past 30 years. Many interested parties, including regulators, researchers, and practitioners, disagree on whether concentration would benefit or harm the audit market. To address this unresolved issue, we consider the role of legal regime in shaping the auditors’ incentives. Specifically, we first develop a model in which legal regime plays a significant role in explaining the effect of audit market concentration on audit fees. Our model predicts that, as the audit market becomes more concentrated, auditors charge higher audit fees in countries with a weak legal regime, but charge lower fees in countries with a strong legal regime. The empirical results with data from 27 countries support the model’s predictions. These findings provide regulators and other stakeholders with important insights into the consequences of audit market structure.
Overview in targeted therapy in advanced desmoid tumors

Background: desmoid tumors/aggressive fibromatosis (DTs/AF) are cytological bland fibrous neoplasms originating from the musculoaponeurotic structures throughout the body. The exact cause still remains unknown, it may be a manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or present sporadically. Although they lack the capacity to establish metastases, DTs/AF may be devastating and occasionally fatal. As a result of the heterogeneity of DTs/AF, treatment needs to be individualized to improve local tumor control and maintain patients’ quality of life. Therefore, after a multidisciplinary approach, all treatment options should be discussed with patients. Where systemic chemotherapy has been shown to be unsuccessful with marked side effects in case of advanced DTs/AF, new therapeutic options are need. Methods: a Medline search was conducted and published articles from different studies from 2000 to present were reviewed. Conclusion: more research is needed to illustrate both the prognostic and predictive factors of target therapy and the value of their combinations with or without other treatment modalities to get the best result for the treatment of advanced DTs/AF.
HIV/AIDS mortality trends pre and post ART for 1997 - 2012 in South Africa - have we turned the tide?

BACKGROUND South Africa (SA) has one of the largest HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world and the most extensive antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme globally, which was rolled out from 2004. This paper reports the trends in HIV/AIDS mortality pre and post ART rollout in SA. Methods. Vital registration cause-of-death data from Statistics South Africa were adjusted for under-reporting of deaths using demographic methods. Misattributed HIV/AIDS deaths were identified by regressing excess mortality on a lagged indicator HIV antenatal clinic prevalence for causes found to be associated with HIV/AIDS. Background trends in the source-cause mortality rates were estimated from the trend in cause-specific mortality experienced among 75 - 84-year-olds. Mortality rates were calculated using mid-year population estimates and the World Health Organization world standard age-weights. Results. We estimated over 3 189 000 HIV/AIDS deaths for 1997 - 2012. In 1997, 60 336 (14.5%) of deaths were attributed to HIV/AIDS; this number peaked in 2006 at 283 564 (41.9%) and decreased to 153 661 (29.1%) by 2012; female mortality rates peaked in 2005 and those of males in 2006. Men aged 35 years and older had higher mortality rates than did women. While the rates at ages below 65 years in 2012 were lower than those in 2006, rates of those age 65 years and older remained unchanged. Conclusion. The number of HIV/AIDS deaths has almost halved since the ART rollout. Of concern is the high mortality in men 45 years and older and the high mortality of men compared with women in the older ages by 2012; this gap has increased with age. Treatment and prevention programmes should strategise how to target men.
Umbilical Varix Herniating Through Umbilical Defect and Mimicking Incarcerated Hernia

Correspondence to: Grigoriy V. Klimovich, M.D. Department of Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA Tel: +1-864-415-8136 Fax: +1-305-326-7065 E-mail: Grigoriy.klimovich@ jhsmiami.org The patient is a 43-year-old male with medical history significant for severe alcoholic cirrhosis who presented with a one-month history of periumbilical pain. The patient did not have any symptoms of bowel obstruction. Physical examination revealed an umbilical defect containing an intra-abdominal structure, mimicking incarcerated umbilical hernia. Computed tomography revealed an engorged, umbilical varix 1.6 cm in diameter, herniating through the umbilical defect. No surgical intervention was offered for this patient and medical management for varix resulted in clinical resolution in three months. (J Acute Care Surg 2016;6:71-72)
An explanatory study of work engagement among special needs teachers : the moderating role of job crafting

The labour market opportunities are increasingly becoming dependent on the knowledge and skills required by the job. In Namibia, persons with disabilities continue to face labour market disadvantages as a result of the low levels of qualifications that are needed to secure a job in the labour market. Persons with disabilities need to attend school, at its basic level, before advancing to tertiary institutions where qualifications can be obtained. Thus, special needs teachers play a key role in enhancing the learning process of persons with disabilities, hence the importance and engagement of the special needs teacher as a key focus of the study. The objective of this research study was therefore, to pin point the work factors that are most salient in accounting for variance in the work engagement of special needs teachers in Windhoek, Namibia. A secondary objective of this research study was to test the effects of job crafting on the relationship between the identified work factors and work engagement. Nine hypothesis were formulated based on literature discussions. An ex post facto correlation design was used as a research design. Data was collected using a selfadministered hardcopy questionnaire from 89 special needs teachers in Windhoek, Namibia. It was uncovered that three of the eight hypotheses were found to be statistically significant. The results of the study uncovered that co-worker support significantly and positively impacts work engagement. The results also uncovered that job crafting has a significant moderating effect on the relationships between co-worker support and work engagement, as well as work autonomy and work engagement. These findings allow for interventions to be tailored at individual and organisational level to be developed to enhance work engagement. The study provides insight for stakeholders in the special education fraternity on ways in which work engagement of special needs teachers can be enhanced. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Cost Analysis of an Electronic Medical Record System at an Urban Clinic in Kampala, Uganda

Background and Purpose: While the benefits of electronic medical record systems (EMRS) are well known, the costs associated with their implementation in resource-constrained settings are not well documented. Establishing such costs is crucial for sound decision-making regarding allocation of scarce resources. This study aimed at conducting a comprehensive cost analysis for developing, implementing and maintaining an EMRS in a resource-constrained setting. Methods: The study was conducted at an urban HIV/AIDS clinic in Kampala, Uganda based using an organizational perspective. A cost inventory was used to collect costs from original receipts and invoices, and vendor market prices were used where receipts could not be accessed for the 8 years under study. All costs were converted to the equivalent US dollar value and those with a lifetime more than one year annuitized. A paper-based and an open-source record system were the comparators. Results: The total direct cost of the system was USD 1,066,965 while an open-source instance would cost just over USD 800,000. The paper-based system cost was half the cost of the EMRS (USD 544,159). Salaries and wages contributed 70% (USD 757,332) and 81% (USD 438,842) of costs in the EMRS and paper-based system, respectively. The other major cost driver for was software and licensing (20%, USD 258,341). Conclusions: EMRS have higher costs as compared to paper-based medical record systems. However, expenditure on the system reduces with time. Salaries and wages are the largest contributors to the cost burden. Open-source systems have a potential to lower costs.
Evaluation of pacing as an indicator of musculoskeletal pathology in dogs

Little is currently known about the pacing gait in dogs and it has been speculated that pacing may be utilized by dogs with musculoskeletal pathology. The goals of the present study were to determine if pacing in dogs is associated with musculoskeletal disease and to establish if controlled speed impacts pacing. Dogs underwent orthopedic and lameness assessments. Musculoskeletal pathology, when identified, was further defined with radiography of the affected area. Dogs were considered musculoskeletally normal (MSN) if no pathology was detected and they had no history of musculoskeletal disease. All others were considered musculoskeletally abnormal (MSA). Animals were then evaluated for pacing using digital-video-imaging under three conditions: Off-lead, lead-controlled, and on a treadmill. Thirty-nine dogs were enrolled (MSN: n = 20; MSA: n = 19). Overall, pacing was observed more frequently in dogs under lead-controlled than off-lead conditions (P < 0.001). Lead-controlled MSN dogs were observed to pace significantly more frequently (n = 17/20) than lead-controlled MSA dogs (n = 10/19; P = 0.029). There was no significant difference within each group for the frequency of pacing under treadmill or off-lead conditions. Pacing always occurred at speeds between a walk and a trot, speeds ranged from 0.98 to 2.84 m/s, (mean 1.8 m/s). Pacing was demonstrated in MSN and MSA dogs under all study conditions. Pacing should be considered a gait variation that can be observed in clinically normal dogs. Relative speed and leash walking was determined to be a factor in the use of the pacing gait. Key words: Pacing, gait analysis, lameness, canine locomotion, symmetrical gait, lateral gait, amble.
Evaluation of antidiabetic effect and hematotological profile of methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra G (Malvaceae) stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The anti-diabetic effect of methanol extract of stem bark of Ceiba pentandra and its beneficial/ toxicological effect on hematological parameters in normal and alloxan-induced-diabetic rats were studied. The acute toxicity (LD50­) test and phytochemical analysis were also carried studied. The diabetic rats were divided into five groups of 5 animals each given oral administration of the extract daily for 14 days. The antidiabetic study was carried out using 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight of C. pentandra extract. The methanol extract of C. pentandra significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level in diabetic and norm glycemic rats in comparison with glibenclamide (standard drug). The effect of C. pentandra at 800 mg/kg (33.6%) was more effective compared to glibenclamide (23.0%) in lowering blood glucose with the added benefit of restoring reduced hematological parameters in diabetic rats to near normal level in norm glycemic rats. The acute toxicity (LD50­) test of the methanol extract was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. This showed the extract is relatively safe. The plant is also rich in flavonoids, saponins, resins, terpenoids, glycosides, and tannins. The result of this study shows that C. pentandra does possess anti-diabetic activity, beneficial effect and hence can ameliorate hyperglycemia and anemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats establishing its potential as a source for isolation of new oral antihyperglycaemic agents. Key words: Ceiba pentandra, hyperglycemia, hematology, diabetes.
Does it really get better with age? Life-cycle patterns of confidence in Germany

This paper investigates if and how confidence at the individual level changes over the course of a life. We provide age profiles of a novel continuous confidence measure and the probability of overconfidence, conditioning on personality traits (including the Big Five and optimism), economic preferences, cognitive ability, and the individual’s socioeconomic status. Our empirical work relies on a representative panel data set from Germany and individuals’ self-assessment of their position in the gross wage distribution as our measure of confidence. We find that both the level of confidence and the overconfidence probability increase non-linearly with age up to the fifties. To illustrate the economic importance of the identified age gradient, we consider how both confidence measures predict savings and loan choices of households. We find that high wage-related confidence levels are, in all likelihood, a hindrance for prudent financial decisions in preparation for old age.
Differences in COPD: Smokers versus non smokers

Introduction: in all epidemiological studies there are always a proportion of never smoking COPD patients. This study aims to characterize the difference between smokers and never smokers in COPD. Methods: we enrolled COPD patients attending pulmonary care in a tertiary hospital. Never smokers had a history of less than 0.1 pack years. Anthropometric measures, spirometry, plethysmography, 6MWT and blood tests were performed. Results: we enrolled 51 non smokers and 165 smokers with COPD. There was no difference in age or FEV1% between both groups. BMI and fat free mass were statistically higher in the non smoker COPD group. The IC/TLC, DLCO, walked distance in the 6MWT and the BODE index were also significantly higher in this group. However, comorbidities, measured by both the Charlson and the COTE index, were significantly lower in the non smoking COPD group. Conclusion: in spite of having the same diagnosis, the non smoker group has a milder disease than the smoker group. This fact hints the possibility of two different clinical entities.
West Nile Virus Chorioretinitis With Foveal Involvement

Purpose: To describe the clinical course of foveal West Nile virus (WNV) chorioretinitis with longitudinal spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging. Methods: Case report. Results: A 41-year-old man with diabetes mellitus presented with flashes and floaters of both eyes (OU) and decreased vision of the right eye (OD) 2 weeks after being discharged from a local hospital. He had been treated for WNV meningoencephalitis, and he recovered systemically with supportive therapy. Ophthalmic examination revealed WNV chorioretinitis bilaterally, with predominantly foveal involvement OD. His best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 8/200 OD and 20/20 of the left eye (OS). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed 2 distinct lesion types—the “classic” outer retinal lesion and an intraretinal lesion. Both lesions had associated disruption of the normal outer hyperreflective retinal layers on SD-OCT. Longitudinal SD-OCT over the ensuing 6 weeks revealed a gradual reconstitution of these layers, with BCVA concurrently improving to 20/40 OD. Conclusion: We describe the consecutive findings seen on SD-OCT of retinal lesions in WNV chorioretinitis. The tomographic natural history of these lesions involved reconstitution of OCT deficits, with corresponding improvement in functional visual status.
A framework for food supply chain digitalization: lessons from Thailand

Abstract The promise of digitalization is enormous and nowhere is it more critical than in its potential to transform food supply chain. Consumers have become more educated and are demanding real-time updated information on foods they consumed through digital media. They are also increasingly demanding to know if the foods they consume are environmentally and socially sustainable or not. As a result, food product traceability, safety, and sustainability issues have become crucial concerns to food retailers, distributors, processors, and farmers. Digitalization allows food supply chains to be highly connected, efficient, and responsive to customer needs and regulation requirements. However, digitalizing a traditional food supply chain is challenging and resource demanding. This is more so for developing countries where moving food from farms to consumers can take months as it travels through an array of middlemen. Unfortunately, little is available in the existing literature on food supply chain digitalization. So far, current researchers mainly explore the benefits of digitalization. Using cases in three companies, this paper explores the practices, challenges, and opportunities faced by Thailand food manufacturers in digitalizing their food supply chains. A framework for food supply chain digitalization is proposed and its implications for research and practices are discussed.