Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in the Management of Labor Pain and Anxiety: A Systematic Review

Background Aromatherapy as an alternative and complementary medicine is a well-known method for reducing the symptoms of various physiological processes such as labor experience. The aim of this study was to systematically review the currently available evidences evaluating the use of aromatherapy for management of labor pain and anxiety. Methods In a systematic review, 5 databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scientific Information Database [SID]) were searched, from database inception up to December 2019. Keywords used included (aromatherapy OR ““essential oil” OR “aroma*”) AND (pain OR anxiety) AND (labor OR delivery). Using the Cochrane Collaboration's ‘Risk of bias’ method; the risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated. Results A total of 33 studies were verified to meet our inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies were conducted in Iran. Aromatherapy was applied using inhalation, massage, footbath, birthing pool, acupressure, and compress. The most popularly used essential oil in the studies was lavender (13 studies), either as a single essential oil or in a combination with other essential oils. Most of included studies confirmed the positive effect of aromatherapy in reducing labor pain and anxiety. Conclusion The evidences from this study suggest that aromatherapy, as a complementary and alternative modality, can help in relieving maternal anxiety and pain during labor.
N-acetyl cysteine inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) has been used to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effects remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effect of NAC on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. First, BMSCs were stimulated by LPS following pretreatment with NAC (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 or 2 mM). A Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was used to determine the number of viable cells and 1 mM NAC was selected as the experimental concentration. Then, the secretion of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, the expression levels of mRNA and proteins, including apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and thioredoxin (TRX), were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that the secretion of inflammatory factors, which was increased by the administration of LPS, was reduced by pretreatment with NAC. Furthermore, NAC reduced the expression of ASC, NLRP3, caspase-1 and TXNIP, but enhanced that of TRX. To conclude, NAC had anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated BMSCs, which was closely associated with the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway. Thus, NAC may be a promising treatment to attenuate the inflammatory response in LPS-induced BMSCs.
Mobile Health Usage, Preferences, Barriers, and eHealth Literacy in Rheumatology: Patient Survey Study

Background Mobile health (mHealth) defines the support and practice of health care using mobile devices and promises to improve the current treatment situation of patients with chronic diseases. Little is known about mHealth usage and digital preferences of patients with chronic rheumatic diseases. Objective The aim of the study was to explore mHealth usage, preferences, barriers, and eHealth literacy reported by German patients with rheumatic diseases. Methods Between December 2018 and January 2019, patients (recruited consecutively) with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis were asked to complete a paper-based survey. The survey included questions on sociodemographics, health characteristics, mHealth usage, eHealth literacy using eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), and communication and information preferences. Results Of the patients (N=193) who completed the survey, 176 patients (91.2%) regularly used a smartphone, and 89 patients (46.1%) regularly used social media. Patients (132/193, 68.4%) believed that using medical apps could be beneficial for their own health. Out of 193 patients, only 8 (4.1%) were currently using medical apps, and only 22 patients (11.4%) stated that they knew useful rheumatology websites/mobile apps. Nearly all patients (188/193, 97.4%) would agree to share their mobile app data for research purposes. Out of 193 patients, 129 (66.8%) would regularly enter data using an app, and 146 patients (75.6%) would welcome official mobile app recommendations from the national rheumatology society. The preferred duration for data entry was not more than 15 minutes (110/193, 57.0%), and the preferred frequency was weekly (59/193, 30.6%). Medication information was the most desired app feature (150/193, 77.7%). Internet was the most frequently utilized source of information (144/193, 74.6%). The mean eHealth literacy was low (26.3/40) and was positively correlated with younger age, app use, belief in benefit of using medical apps, and current internet use to obtain health information. Conclusions Patients with rheumatic diseases are very eager to use mHealth technologies to better understand their chronic diseases. This open-mindedness is counterbalanced by low mHealth usage and competency. Personalized mHealth solutions and clear implementation recommendations are needed to realize the full potential of mHealth in rheumatology.
Modified Langenskiöld procedure for chronic, recurrent, and congenital patellar dislocation

Abstract Purpose Langenskiöld described a reconstructive soft-tissue procedure for irreducible lateral congenital patellar dislocations. Paley further detailed the technique in the surgical management of congenital femoral deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with congenital, chronic and recurrent patellar dislocations treated with the modified Langenskiöld procedure. Methods This is a retrospective case series. Between 2011 and 2018, 18 knees in 13 patients (mean age 15.8 years (sd 4.4; 12 to 29.9), nine female) with diagnoses of recurrent (six patients, eight knees), chronic (four patients, six knees) and congenital (three patients, four knees) patellar dislocations were treated with the modified Langenskiöld procedure. Results There were no recurrent lateral dislocations in the congenital or recurrent groups. One of the patients in the congenital group had an overcorrection with some medial patellar maltracking but until this time has not required any further surgery. In the chronic group two of the six knees developed further dislocations; these were both on the same patient, who had no dislocations until one year after surgery. Mean Kujala score was 83.7 (sd 17; 47 to 100) for all groups. In spite of preoperative knee flexion contractures of up to 30° in three patients (six knees), all patients had full extension postoperatively. Eight patients reported being satisfied with their outcome, one was somewhat satisfied, two were very dissatisfied, and two did not respond. Conclusion The modified Langenskiöld reconstruction provides a powerful correction for challenging cases of congenital and recurrent patellar dislocations. Re-dislocation as well as overcorrection can occasionally occur. Level of Evidence Level IV
Lung Compliance in a Case Series of Four COVID-19 Patients at a Rural Institution

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic has generated a plethora of scientific articles. One interesting aspect of the virus is the binary phenotypic presentation in patients. While patients might meet the Berlin criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), not all patients experience the same decrease in lung compliance as typically seen with ARDS. We have observed patients meeting ARDS criteria with higher lung compliance as measured through peak pressures at our institution. This phenotype difference is important with regard to how the patients are managed. Lower positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and higher tidal volumes can be used in this phenotype.
Microbiome dynamics in the tissue and mucus of acroporid corals differ in relation to host and environmental parameters

Corals are associated with diverse microbial assemblages; however, the spatial-temporal dynamics of intra-species microbial interactions are poorly understood. The coral-associated microbial community varies substantially between tissue and mucus microhabitats; however, the factors controlling the occurrence, abundance, and distribution of microbial taxa over time have rarely been explored for different coral compartments simultaneously. Here, we test (1) differentiation in microbiome diversity and composition between coral compartments (surface mucus and tissue) of two Acropora hosts (A. tenuis and A. millepora) common along inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, as well as (2) the potential linkage between shifts in individual coral microbiome families and underlying host and environmental parameters. Amplicon based 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of 136 samples collected over 14 months, revealed significant differences in bacterial richness, diversity and community structure among mucus, tissue and the surrounding seawater. Seawater samples were dominated by members of the Synechococcaceae and Pelagibacteraceae bacterial families. The mucus microbiome of Acropora spp. was dominated by members of Flavobacteriaceae, Synechococcaceae and Rhodobacteraceae and the tissue was dominated by Endozoicimonaceae. Mucus microbiome in both Acropora species was primarily correlated with seawater parameters including levels of chlorophyll a, ammonium, particulate organic carbon and the sum of nitrate and nitrite. In contrast, the correlation of the tissue microbiome to the measured environmental (i.e., seawater parameters) and host health physiological factors differed between host species, suggesting host-specific modulation of the tissue-associated microbiome to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Furthermore, the correlation between individual coral microbiome members and environmental factors provides novel insights into coral microbiome-by-environment dynamics and hence has potential implications for current reef restoration and management efforts (e.g. microbial monitoring and observatory programs).
CON: COVID-19 will not result in increased antimicrobial resistance prevalence

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is affected by many factors, but too much of our focus has been on antimicrobial usage. The major factor that drives resistance rates globally is spread. The COVID-19 pandemic should lead to improved infection prevention and control practices, both in healthcare facilities and the community. COVID-19 will also have ongoing and profound effects on local, national and international travel. All these factors should lead to a decrease in the spread of resistant bacteria. So overall, COVID-19 should lead to a fall in resistance rates seen in many countries. For this debate we show why, overall, COVID-19 will not result in increased AMR prevalence. But globally, changes in AMR rates will not be uniform. In wealthier and developed countries, resistance rates will likely decrease, but in many other countries there are already too many factors associated with poor controls on the spread of bacteria and viruses (e.g. poor water and sanitation, poor public health, corrupt government, inadequate housing, etc.). In these countries, if economies and governance deteriorate further, we might see even more transmission of resistant bacteria.
Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterial urinary infections and associated risk factors in small children of Garoua, Northern Cameroon

Introduction the emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Entero bacteriaceae (E-ESBLs) is currently a major public health problem in the world and, in particular, in developing countries. In Cameroon, data on E-ESBLs are rare, especially in Garoua and in the northern region of the country. The objective of this study is to document the epidemiology of E-ESBL infections in small children and to explore their associations with possible risk factors. Methods this was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted from June 14 to September 30, 2018, including small children with suspected urinary tract infections (UTI) attending the outpatient pediatric departments of two health facilities in the city of Garoua. Urine samples were analyzed at the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Pasteur Center of Cameroon, Annex Garoua. Bacterial culture was carried out on Bio-Rad UriSelect® chromogenic agar and the identification was confirmed by bioMérieux API 20E. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the bioMérieux ATB UR gallery and the ESBL phenotype was detected by the double disk synergy method according to the CA-SFM 2013 recommendations. The data was analyzed with the R Statistical Software version 2.15. 2. Results a total of 57 urine samples were collected from children aged from one month to two years, 37 boys and 20 girls. Bacteria were detected by culture in 20 samples: Escherichia coliwas the most frequently (75 %) isolated species followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae(25%). More than half of the infected samples (55%) contained E-ESBL. The presence of an ESBL was significantly associated with previous antibiotic intake up to 3 months prior current UTI (p=0.01664). The E-ESBL strains showed co-resistance to different antibiotics. Conclusion this study reveals the important dissemination of E-ESBLs among small children in the community and a high rate of co-resistance to the different antibiotic families commonly used.
Implementation of a nationwide universal ultrasound screening programme for developmental dysplasia of the neonatal hip in Mongolia

Abstract Purpose Mongolia is the first Asian country to launch universal ultrasound screening for newborns with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aims of this study were to determine the coverage and treatment rate of this programme. Methods Data from birth statistics and ultrasound hip screening from 29 hospitals were retrospectively reviewed (2010 to 2016, pre-nationwide phase; and 2017 to 2019, nationwide programme). DDH was diagnosed using the Graf-technique and treated according to ‘ABCD’, a modified Graf classification (Group A: Graf Type 1, mature; B: 2a, physiologically immature; C: 2c to 3, early DDH; D: 4, dislocated). Group B children were followed with monthly ultrasound. Group C and D children were treated with a flexion and abduction orthosis (Tübingen). Screeners used a web-based platform to upload images for quality surveillance. Results Between 2017 and 2019, 230 079 live births were registered and 176 388 newborns screened. The nationwide screening coverage rate in newborns increased from 73.6% in 2017 to 82.1% in 2019. Group A (148 510 children, 84.2%) was discharged, while Group B (25 820, 14.6%) was followed. Among children in Group B, 284 cases worsened to Group C and were, therefore, treated with a Tübingen orthosis. The remaining 2058 (1.2%) of newborns with DDH were treated with a Tübingen orthosis, including 1999 newborns in Group C and 59 in Group D. Since 2017, a total of 142 860 (81.0%) hip sonograms were uploaded to the platform. Conclusion A simplified diagnostic and therapeutic framework for ultrasound DDH screening for newborns was successfully deployed in Mongolia, a developing country, providing high surveillance coverage and appropriate treatment. Level of evidence: IV
The relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and blood pressure and quality of life in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with healthy subjects

Background: Vitamin D is one of the known lipoprotein hormones with metabolic properties. We aimed to determine the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes mellitus type Ⅱ (DM Ⅱ) in association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and quality of life compared with healthy participants. Methods: The current case-control study was carried out among 80 overweight/obese subjects with DM Ⅱ, and 77 healthy subjects matched by sex, age and body mass index (BMI). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured by ELISA method. In order to examine the quality of life, the Persian version of SF36 questionnaire was used. Results: There was significant difference between diabetic and healthy subjects considering serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (p=0.012). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was inversely correlated with diastolic blood pressure (p=0.02) and positively associated with physical function (p<0.001), social function (p<0.001) and general health (p<0.001) components of quality of life in diabetic subjects and physical health sub-scale (p=0.004) in all participants. Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was significantly lower in diabetic subjects in comparison with healthy controls. There was a significant reverse relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with diastolic blood pressure and on the other hand, a significant positive relationship with physical function, social function and general health components and physical health subscale of quality of life in participants with DM Ⅱ.
Determinants of improved data consistency across routine immunization data tools for health facilities in Kano State, Nigeria

Introduction in this study, determinants of improved data consistency for routine immunization information at health facilities was measured to identify associated factors. Methods between June and August 2015, 1055 HFs were visited across 44 Local Government Areas in Kano state. We assessed data consistency, frequency of supportive supervision visits, availability of trained staff and attendance to monthly LGA RI review meetings. We compared RI monthly summary forms (MSF) versus national health management information system summary form (NHMIS) and vaccine management form 1a (VM1a) versus HF vaccine utilization summary monthly summary (HFVUM) for consistency. Data consistency at HF was determined at <+10% between number of children reportedly immunized, and doses of vaccine opened using 3 antigens (BCG, Penta and Measles). Levels of discrepancy <10% were considered as good data consistency. Bivariate and multivariate analysis used to determine association. Results data Consistency was observed in 195 (18.5%) HFs between (MSF vs NHMIS) and 90 (8.5%) HFs between (VM1a vs HFVUM). Consistency between MSF vs NHMIS was associated with receiving one or more SS visits in the previous month (p=0.001), data collection tools availability (p=0.001), recent attendance to monthly LGA RI review meeting and availability of trained staff. Data consistency between VM1a form and the HF VU summary was associated with a recent documented SS visit (p=0.05) and availability of trained staff (p=0.05). Conclusion low level of data consistency was observed in Kano. Enhanced SS visits and availability of trained staff are associated with improved data quality.
Profile of congenital rubella syndrome in Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia

Background Definition of Congenital Ruben Syndrome (CRS): a disease caused by rubella virus infection. Routine surveillance of CRS is part of a government program in documenting the incidence of CRS so that infants with CRS are diagnosed promptly and receive appropriate care. Objective This study aims to report the profile of CRS patients 2015 in Audiology Outpatient General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Method A descriptive study from CRS surveillance data for the period from January 1st until December 31rd, 2015. Data was from Infants who came to the Audiology Outpatient General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya and did hearing and serological examination. Results A total of 65 infants were involved in surveillance. The highest number of patients was the age group 1- <3 years (21 patients, 31.2%). A total of 36 patients (55.4%) were male, 45 babies (69.2%) were suspected of suffering from CRS with 2 infants (3.1%) classified as a laboratory-confirmed CRS. Hearing abnormalities were found in 36 infants (55.4%). Bilateral hearing loss was found in 23 infants (35.4%) and unilateral in 13 infants (20%). Conclusions This study shows that hearing impairment is the most common clinical symptom with most bilateral hearing loss. The supervision still needs to be continued to capture more CRS cases in the community and effective supervision to detect hearing impairment early.
Structure of advertisement call of Litoria ewingi (Anura: Hyalidae) introduced into New Zealand from Tasmania

characteristics of repeated notes in the advertisement calls (duration, pulses per note, pulse rate, and dominant frequency) of frogs from the three islands were compared. Two significant differences were obtained: a higher variance in pulse rate (about three times) in the sample from South Island when compared with that from Tasmania; and a higher mean number of pulses per note in the sample from North Island when compared with that from South Island. These results indicate that some divergence has already occurred in the advertisement calls of both populations of L. ewingi in New Zealand (111 years after the establishment of the species on South Island, and 38 years after its successful transfer from South Island to North Island). As the advertisement call is a major component of the mating system of anurans, these findings are of considerable relevance to the allopatric origins of homogamy and provide an absolute time scale for the differentiation.
Analysis of the Fire Propagation in a Sublevel Coal Mine

A fire has been analyzed in a real underground coal mine, using a sublevel method, during an entire year. The study was focused on the collapsed area, reproducing a real mixture formed by coal, waste, and air gap. The analysis was done by means of an experimental analysis, a computational fuid dynamic model (CFD), and simulations using a mine ventilation software. Three scenarios were determined and studied regarding their influence on the evolution of the fire: (a) development of the fire without taking any action, (b) sealing off the affected areas, and (c) sealing and reducing the ventilation in the affected area and surrounding drifts. The study revealed the behavior of the fire in a real mine and the effectiveness of the main fire-fighting measures over time, verifying that none of the measures taken could eliminate the fire-induced in the collapsed area.