Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Chart Review: The Prevalence of Hyponatremia Among Elderly Inpatients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Hyponatremia is commonly seen in inpatient care; however, the availability of data regarding the prevalence of hyponatremia in the elderly in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia is insufficient. Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hyponatremia in a sample of older inpatients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia included all patients 60 years and older who were admitted to the internal medicine department between January 2017 and November 2020. Patients with hyponatremia were identified by looking through the hospital’s laboratory database of inpatients. Patients’ demographics, serum sodium level, medication history, and disease history were recorded and those with pseudohyponatremia were excluded. Results: During the study period, 322 out of a total of 2,893 elderly patients admitted to the internal medicine department were diagnosed with hyponatremia (11.1%). Of these patients, 183 (56.8%) were female and 139 (43.2%) were male. Hyponatremia was more prevalent in patients with cardiovascular diseases (84.2%), followed by endocrine diseases (73.3%). The most prescribed medications for the studied hyponatremic patients were proton pump inhibitors (38.8%), diuretics (29.8%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (22.4%), all of which are commonly known to be associated with hyponatremia. Conclusions: Hyponatremia has severe consequences if left untreated. Therefore, estimating the prevalence of this condition in the older population will direct more clinical attention to evaluate the serum sodium level on a regular basis. It is recommended that future studies focus on finding an association between hyponatremia and older patients with multi-drug usage as well as identifying the causes of hyponatremia.
Monitoring vocal activity and temporal patterns in attendance of White-chinned Petrels using bioacoustics

ABSTRACT Monitoring of population sizes and trends using conventional surveys is challenging for nocturnal, burrow-nesting seabirds. The White-chinned Petrel is the most commonly killed species in Southern Ocean fisheries and its breeding success at many sites is reduced because of predation by invasive cats and rodents. As adaptive management of such threats requires cost-effective and reproducible protocols for monitoring populations, we examined the potential of automated bioacoustic techniques for measuring colony attendance patterns (relative number of birds visiting at a given time) using data from acoustic recorders deployed over a breeding season at Bird Island, South Georgia. Generic recognition software was of limited utility, but a suite of acoustic indices in a random forest model reliably predicted the occurrence of vocalisations. Vocal activity showed clear temporal patterns, despite high day-to-day variability, and was lowest during the pre-laying period, in the early evening, and on moonlit nights. To facilitate estimation of population density using acoustic recorders, we determined the mean vocalisation rate of individuals (2.3 min−1), mean call length (~15.3 sec), and detection distance (~15 m based on signal to noise ratios of playbacks). Our results indicate that acoustic indices are a useful measure of colony attendance. If these indices can be linked to density, acoustic monitoring would provide a powerful and cost-effective census method for White-chinned Petrels and other nocturnal species.
Perfection of Learning Environments Among High, Average and Low Academic Achieving Students

Academic achievement varies according to the perception of learning environments (LE). Th e current study aimed to investigate how the perception of LE diﬀ ers according to level of academic achievement. 1,106 Th ai undergraduate students replied to a survey. Analyzing the data with One-way analysis of variance diﬀ erences were found in perception of the LE in terms of task orientation and instructor feedback. Average-achieving students perceived task orientation higher than high and low-achieving students. High-achieving students perceived instructor feedback the most. Th is study provides insights into each type of LE applied in the classroom and suggests how individual academic achievers can be suitably enhanced. test was used to compare academic achievement diﬀ erences between groups.
Evaluating chemical and thermal weed suppression in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) cultivation

The usefulness of 3 herbicides and flame weeding in lemon balm sown directly into the field was assessed in a two-year experiment. Glufosinate-ammonium (600 g∙ha–1) and flame weeding (90 kg propane∙ha–1) were applied 12–13 days after lemon balm sowing, i.e. shortly after weed emergence and 4 days before crop emergence. Bentazon (960 g∙ha–1) and fluazifop-P-butyl (150 g∙ha–1) were sprayed approximately 3 weeks after sowing, during the emergence of lemon balm, and when the weeds were in the cotyledon – 2–4 true leaves stage. All of the studied weed control methods significantly reduced the number and fresh weight of weeds growing 4 weeks after lemon balm sowing. The most effective method was spraying with glufosinate-ammonium, which controlled 69–76% of weeds. The efficiency of flame weeding was slightly lower. Bentazon caused slight, temporary chlorosis of some lemon balm cotyledons. Content of essential oil (1.9–2.1%), its composition and content of rosmarinic acid (2.08–2.44%) in lemon balm leaves, as well as content of total nitrogen (2.18–2.55%), phosphorus (0.30–0.32%), potassium (2.94–3.22%), calcium (1.02–1.60%), and magnesium (0.30–0.32%) in lemon balm raw material were independent of the weeding method. Content of essential oil, phosphorus, potassium and calcium were significantly higher in the dryer year. Studied weed control methods proved useful in the cultivation of lemon balm from direct sowing into the field. Methods with total action (flaming and glufosinate-ammonium) were more effective than those with selective herbicides (bentazon and fluazifop-P-butyl).
NUMERICAL STUDY OF TURBULENT STRUCTURE IN COMPOUND MEANDERING OPEN-CHANNEL

複断面蛇行開水路流れは, 高水敷上の流れと低水路流れとの運動量交換, 遠心力, 非等方性乱流による拡散現象を伴う複雑三次元乱流であると同時に, 氾濫河川を代表する流れであり河川工学上重要な流れである. この複断面蛇行開水路流れを対象に, 代数応力モデル, 境界適合座標変換を導入し数値解析を行った. 解析結果は実験結果と比較し解析手法の有用性を検証すると同時に, その流動挙動について検討を加えた. 本解析手法は時間平均速度場を比較的良好に予測すると同時に, 複雑に変動する二次流れの発達も良好に再現した. レイノルズ応力に関しては, その特徴的な分布は予測するが定量的な比較においては一部差異が認められた. さらに, 摩擦速度分布を示し流れの侵食に関し新たな知見を示した.
Temporal Analysis of GNSS-Based Precipitable Water Vapor during Rainy Days over the Philippines from 2015 to 2017

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a parameter used to estimate water vapor content in the atmosphere. In this study, estimates of PWV from PIMO, PLEG and PPPC global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations are evaluated regarding the PWV obtained from its collocated radiosonde (RS) stations. GNSS PWV were highly correlated with RS PWV (R ~ 0.97). Mean bias error (MBE) between −0.18 mm and −13.39 mm, and root mean square error (RMSE) between 1.86 mm and 2.29 mm showed a good agreement between GNSS PWV and RS PWV. The variations of PWV are presented. Daily variations of PWV conformed to the daily data of rainfall which agrees to the climate types of Quezon City (Type I), Legaspi (Type II), and Puerto Princesa (Type III) based on the Coronas climate classification. Moreover, PWV monthly variation at all sites is high from May to October (~62 mm) and low from November to April (~57 mm). The relationship between PWV and rainfall at all stations showed positive correlation coefficients between +0.49 to +0.83. Meanwhile, it is observed that when PWV is high (low), its variability is low (high). This study shows the potential of GNSS to study water vapor and its contribution to weather analysis.
Post-Discharge Clostridioides difficile Infection after Arthroplasties in Poland, Infection Prevention and Control as the Key Element of Prevention of C. difficile Infections

Clostridioides difficile is still one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea (CDI), and the incidence of CDI is one of the indicators that allows conclusions to be derived on the correctness of antibiotic administration. The objective of this observational study was the analysis of post-discharge CDI incidence in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, in order to specify optimum conditions for the surgical procedures and outpatient postoperative care. One-year observational study. Public Polish hospitals. Retrospective records for 83,525 surgery patients having undergone hip or knee arthroplasty were extracted from the Polish National Health Fund databases. CDI and/or antibiotic prescriptions in the 30 day post-surgery period were expressed per 1000 surgeries with antibiotic prescription on discharge or in ambulatory care, respectively. The CDI incidence rate was 34.4 per 10,000 patients, and 7.7 cases per 100,000 post-surgery patient-days. Patients who were prescribed at least one antibiotic were diagnosed with CDI more often than patients who had no antibiotic treatment (55.0/1000 patients vs. 1.8/1000 patients). In the multifactorial analysis, the following factors were significant: being at least 65 years of age, trauma as the cause of surgery, length of stay over 7 days, HAIs other than CDI and taking beta-lactams and/or quinolones but not macrolides in the post-discharge period. Postoperative antibiotic prescription in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery is the main risk factor for CDI. These observations indicate the necessity of improvement of infection control programs as the key factor for CDI prevention.
Contrasting nitrogen cycling between herbaceous wetland and terrestrial ecosystems inferred from plant and soil nitrogen isotopes across China

Understanding nitrogen (N) cycling in different ecosystems is crucial to predicting and mitigating the global effects of altered N inputs. Although wetlands have always been assumed to differ largely from terrestrial ecosystems in N cycling, evidence from direct comparison from the field along wide environmental gradients is lacking. Here, we hypothesized strong coupling of plant and soil δ15N in terrestrial ecosystems due to lower N inputs and losses but weak coupling of plant and soil δ15N in wetlands because of higher N inputs and losses. We performed a large‐scale field investigation on 26 pairs of herbaceous wetland and terrestrial sites across China covering 21 degrees of latitude and determined natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) in soils and leaves of 346 dominant and subordinate plant species. We analysed the relationships between leaf and soil δ15N and their drivers including plant functional types in these two types of ecosystems. Plant functional types including mycorrhizal type and N2‐fixing status had consistently significant influences on leaf δ15N in herbaceous wetland and terrestrial ecosystems. Leaf δ15N increased significantly with soil δ15N within and across mycorrhizal types in both ecosystems, and, as hypothesized, the relationships were stronger and steeper in terrestrial than in wetland ecosystems. Moreover, leaf and soil δ15N were positively and significantly correlated within both N2‐fixers and non‐N2‐fixers in terrestrial ecosystems and within only non‐N2‐fixers in wetlands. At the community level, we also found more highly significant relationships between leaf and soil δ15N in terrestrial than in wetland ecosystems. Besides plant functional types, climatic and soil factors contributed to the variation in leaf δ15N in both ecosystems. Synthesis. Weaker relationships between plant and soil δ15N in wetlands at species and community levels support the hypothesis that larger N inputs and losses lead to weaker coupling in the plant–soil systems in wetlands than in terrestrial ecosystems. This provides strong evidence from a large spatial scale for contrasting N cycling in these two types of ecosystems regardless of plant functional type in terms of nutrient uptake strategy. Our findings add to our predictive power of ecosystem N dynamics under environmental changes, for example, land‐use changes and elevated N inputs.
The Development of Growth Model with the Implication of Crisis Regime

This conceptual paper aims to develop the theory of growth proposed by Keynes by considering crises or events that occur as well as incorporating interaction variables into the model to be studied simultaneously. Studies related to growth theory have been conducted before. However, previous studies have ignored crises or important events that affect economic growth. Although the Keynesian theory has been used to achieve the objectives of the study, past studies have proven that Wagner's Law may exist in some situations. Therefore, the opinions of these two economic figures related to the theory of government expenditure and economic growth should be given attention. The main objective of this conceptual paper was to assess the relationship between interactional variables and dummy variables of structural change in three regimes or different crises occurring simultaneously and the effects on economic growth in Malaysia for the long-term and short-term periods. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method will be used to ascertain long-term and short-term relationships between endogenous and exogenous variables. Then, the results from previous studies are included in the findings section of the study.
Sensitive direct x-ray detectors based on the In–Ga–Zn–O/perovskite heterojunction phototransistor

Direct x-ray detectors are essential in many applications including medical tomography, security inspection, nondestructive testing, crystallography and astronomy. Despite the rapid advances in recent years, the currently available direct x-ray detectors are still limited by the insufficient photon-to-charge conversion, compromising the detection sensitivity, ease of fabrication, cost and flexibility. Here we demonstrate a device concept of heterojunction phototransistor with high internal-gain effect to realize the sensitive x-ray direct detection. Specifically, the heterojunction phototransistors are mainly composed of an industrially available In–Ga–Zn–O channel and all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals used as x-ray photoconductor. In contrast to the conventional diode-based x-ray detectors, phototransistor allows both electrical gating and photodoping effect for efficient carrier density modulation, leading to the low dark-current and high photoconductive gain. The introduction of such high-gain mechanism into x-ray detectors can offer internal signal amplification for photogenerated currents without the increment of noise, thereby leading to the high sensitivity over 106 μC Gyair −1 cm−2 and detection limit down to 3 μGyair s−1. These results suggest that the heterojunction x-ray phototransistor can provide the most promising platform to achieve high-performance direct x-ray detectors with both high sensitivity, light weight, flexibility and low cost.
The effect of environmental variables and metabolic rate on physiological parameters in a hot and humid mine

The problem of high temperature has always been a challenge for safe mining in deep mines. At present, breakthroughs in key technologies have not been achieved. The effects of environmental variables and metabolic rate on physiological parameters has important guiding significance for ensuring the safety of miners. In this study, the changes in the physiological parameters of the human body were determined through experiments to simulate the underground environment. The results show that ambient temperature, metabolic rate and working time are all positively correlated with heart rate, blood pressure and external auditory canal temperature. Heart rate and blood pressure show a rapid increase first and then a slow increase. Regardless of the influence of humidity on heart rate and blood pressure, the relationship formulas between dependent variable (HR, SBP, and DBP) and independent variable (metabolic rate and working time) is obtained. These findings show that labor intensity and working time are the direct factors leading to changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and external auditory canal temperature, while ambient temperature is the indirect cause, and the influence of wind speed is minimal. The experimental results show the importance of factors affecting human physiological parameters.
Overview of alternative fuels with emphasis on the potential of liquefied natural gas as future marine fuel

Economic and population growths are the most important drivers of growing global energy demand. They led to a rapid development of international seaborne trade and an increase in the number of global vessels. Air pollution from these ships is of great concerns and regulations are currently enforced since May 2005 by the International Maritime Organization to limit such pollution. In this study, we will first review the current global energy demand and its driving forces over next decades, second evaluate the existing alternative fuels that can be used as a bunker fuel to reach sustainability with relatively small changes in the existing marine propulsion options and finally focus on near-term solution, which has the potential for large-scale use. The different alternative fuels were compared in terms of several parameters such as availability, renewability, safety, cost, performance, economy and compliance with emission regulations. This comparison revealed that liquefied natural gas could be considered as the future replacement to the current marine bunker fuel. This conclusion has been further verified by comparing diesel engine with different powers when using both heavy fuel oil and liquefied natural gas. The engines were compared against fuel consumption, cost saving as well as emissions. Liquefied natural gas has proved to be better than heavy fuel oil due to fuel cost reduction by about 31% per year and decrease in emissions of SOx, NOx, CO2 and particulate matter by about 98%, 86%, 11% and 96%, respectively. The resulted emissions from using liquefied natural gas were found to comply with the current International Maritime Organization regulations. Moreover, this article highlights the latest rules and regulations that govern the use of liquefied natural gas as marine fuel onboard ships.
Text reading in English as a second language: Evidence from the Multilingual Eye-Movements Corpus

Abstract Research into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers representing a variety of first languages (L1). This article addresses this need by presenting a new data resource called MECO L2 (Multilingual Eye Movements Corpus), a rich behavioral eye-tracking record of text reading in English as an L2 among 543 university student speakers of 12 different L1s. MECO L2 includes a test battery of component skills of reading and allows for a comparison of the participants’ reading performance in their L1 and L2. This data resource enables innovative large-scale cross-sample analyses of predictors of L2 reading fluency and comprehension. We first introduce the design and structure of the MECO L2 resource, along with reliability estimates and basic descriptive analyses. Then, we illustrate the utility of MECO L2 by quantifying contributions of four sources to variability in L2 reading proficiency proposed in prior literature: reading fluency and comprehension in L1, proficiency in L2 component skills of reading, extralinguistic factors, and the L1 of the readers. Major findings included (a) a fundamental contrast between the determinants of L2 reading fluency versus comprehension accuracy, and (b) high within-participant consistency in the real-time strategy of reading in L1 and L2. We conclude by reviewing the implications of these findings to theories of L2 acquisition and outline further directions in which the new data resource may support L2 reading research.
Use of Antimicrobials for Bloodstream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit, a Clinically Oriented Review

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) in critically ill patients are associated with significant mortality. For patients with septic shock, antibiotics should be administered within the hour. Probabilistic treatment should be targeted to the most likely pathogens, considering the source and risk factors for bacterial resistance including local epidemiology. Source control is a critical component of the management. Sending blood cultures (BCs) and other specimens before antibiotic administration, without delaying them, is key to microbiological diagnosis and subsequent opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship. Molecular rapid diagnostic testing may provide faster identification of pathogens and specific resistance patterns from the initial positive BC. Results allow for antibiotic optimisation, targeting the causative pathogen with escalation or de-escalation as required. Through this clinically oriented narrative review, we provide expert commentary for empirical and targeted antibiotic choice, including a review of the evidence and recommendations for the treatments of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing, AmpC-hyperproducing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; and Staphylococcus aureus. In order to improve clinical outcomes, dosing recommendations and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics specific to ICU patients must be followed, alongside therapeutic drug monitoring.
Dynamics of Interagency Networks under Stress in Public Health Emergencies: Evidence from China

Abstract Disasters are continuously evolving complex processes. Coupling with rapidly changing conditions, response networks must change to meet external needs and adapt to the environment. This study explores the dynamics between stress and structural and functional characteristics of response networks in the centralized political context. Semantic analysis of policy documents shows that unmet needs are an underlying driver of the formation and the dynamics of task-oriented interagency networks. Network analysis shows that the interagency network is a hybrid network that evolves from a decentralized to a centralized structure as stress decreases. Moreover, the leading organizations also shift, which confirms the coordination by feedback in emergency response. After discussing research findings, this study offers recommendations (a) to identify and empower brokers for better coordination and (b) to combine coordination by feedback and coordination by plan.
Optimization-Based Strapdown Attitude Alignment for High-Accuracy Systems: Covariance Analysis With Applications

Strapdown inertial navigation usually relies on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) as the workhorse, which requires a proper initialization of the attitude. The optimization-based alignment (OBA) approach is widely employed to provide the coarse attitude information for the subsequent fine alignment or navigation stage by EKF. However, there still lacks a reliable quality index to assess the attitude accuracy of OBA. To tackle this problem, this article characterizes the OBA attitude error by vector measurement errors. For specific applications, such as the stationary alignment and odometer/GPS-aided in-motion alignment, the errors of vector measurements in OBA are further formulated in terms of raw sensor errors of gyroscopes, accelerometers, and odometer/GPS velocities. The covariance of attitude errors is analytically derived. Simulations and field experiments are performed to verify the covariance analysis.