Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Italian Cohort Study in Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome

The results of tuberculosis (TB) screening and reactivation in a cohort of 323 adult patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from 2015 to 2019 at the University Hospital of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, were reported. A total of 260 patients, 59 (18.3%) autologous and 264 (81.7%) allogeneic transplants, underwent Interferon Release (IFN)-γ (IGRA) test screening: 228 (87.7%) were negative, 11 (4.2%) indeterminate and 21 (8.1%) positive. Most of the IGRA-positive patients were of Italian origin (95.2%) and significantly older than the IGRA-negative (p < 0.001); 22 (8.5%) patients underwent a second IGRA during the first year after transplantation, and 1 tested positive for IGRA. Significantly lower monocyte (p = 0.044) and lymphocyte counts (p = 0.009) were detected in IGRA negative and IGRA indeterminate patients, respectively. All latent TB patients underwent isoniazid prophylaxis, and none of them progressed to active TB over a median follow-up period of 63.4 months. A significant decline in TB screening practices was shown from 2015 to 2019, and approximately 19% of patients were not screened. In conclusion, 8.1% of our HSCT population had LTBI, all received INH treatment, and no reactivation of TB was observed during the follow-up period. In addition, 19% escaped screening and 8% of these came from countries with a medium TB burden, therefore at higher risk of possible development of TB.
The Mediating Role of Relationship Quality in the Relation Between Desire for Relationship and Job Stability With Loneliness in the Elderly

Background: Currently, aging is an important issue as the population of the elderly is gradually increasing worldwide. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the tendency toward the stability of the relationship and loneliness in the elderly in Gonabad Town, Iran in 2017. Methods: This is a cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population includes all the elderly population over the age of 60 living in Gonabad Town, Iran. Using the Cochran formula, 350 people were selected as the sample by cluster sampling and matching method. Data collection tools were the relationship quality questionnaire by Pierce (1991) feeling of loneliness questionnaire by Russell (1980). The data were analyzed via the SPSS software, version 23, and the path analysis technique. Results: The results of the path analysis showed that the tendency toward job stability and the tendency toward stabilizing the relationship with family members have both direct and indirect effects; however, the amount of direct, indirect, and total effects on the tendency toward stabilizing the relationship is greater than the tendency toward job stability. The total effect of the desire for job stability on the feeling of loneliness and the desire for job stability equals -1.17 and -0.78, respectively. That is, the direct, indirect, and the total effect of the desire for stabilizing the relationship are greater than the desire for job stability. Conclusion: Job stability may reduce loneliness in the elderly, but it is the stability of the relationship with the family that affects the quality of the relationships and thereby reduces loneliness in the elderly. To strengthen these relationships, it is possible to reduce loneliness in the elderly by increasing the awareness of families about the need for stronger emotional bonds with the elderly to create self-worth in them.
A Review on Pathogens and Necessary Diagnostic Work for Bleb-Related Infections (BRIs)

At the present time, as newer techniques and minimally invasive procedures gain popularity among anterior segment surgeons for regulating intraocular pressure, trabeculectomy still has a leading role in glaucoma surgery. Trabeculectomy retains a highly successful and safe profile; however, one of the major complications includes bleb-related infections (BRIs). To date, the most common pathogens remain Gram-positive cocci, but the list of pathogens that have been identified in the literature includes more than 100 microorganisms. Because antibiotic use is more widespread than ever before and our ability to identify pathogens has improved, the pathogen spectrum will broaden in the future and more pathogens causing BRIs will be described as atypical presentations. The scope of this review was to identify all pathogens that have been described to cause bleb-related infections to date, as well as focus on the risk factors, clinical presentation, and various available diagnostic tools used for an appropriate diagnostic workup.
An Entropy-Based Architecture for Detection of Sepsis in Newborn Cry Diagnostic Systems

The acoustic characteristics of cries are an exhibition of an infant’s health condition and these characteristics have been acknowledged as indicators for various pathologies. This study focused on the detection of infants suffering from sepsis by developing a simplified design using acoustic features and conventional classifiers. The features for the proposed framework were Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Spectral Entropy Cepstral Coefficients (SENCC) and Spectral Centroid Cepstral Coefficients (SCCC), which were classified through K-nearest Neighborhood (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification methods. The performance of the different combinations of the feature sets was also evaluated based on several measures such as accuracy, F1-score and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC). Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization (BHPO) was employed to tailor the classifiers uniquely to fit each experiment. The proposed methodology was tested on two datasets of expiratory cries (EXP) and voiced inspiratory cries (INSV). The highest accuracy and F-score were 89.99% and 89.70%, respectively. This framework also implemented a novel feature selection method based on Fuzzy Entropy (FE) as a final experiment. By employing FE, the number of features was reduced by more than 40%, whereas the evaluation measures were not hindered for the EXP dataset and were even enhanced for the INSV dataset. Therefore, it was deduced through these experiments that an entropy-based framework is successful for identifying sepsis in neonates and has the advantage of achieving high performance with conventional machine learning (ML) approaches, which makes it a reliable means for the early diagnosis of sepsis in deprived areas of the world.
Semi-supervised Grounding Alignment for Multi-modal Feature Learning

Self-supervised transformer-based architectures, such as ViLBERT [1] and others, have recently emerged as dominant paradigms for multi-modal feature learning. Such architectures leverage large-scale datasets (e.g., Conceptual Captions [2]) and, typically, image-sentence pairings, for self-supervision. However, conventional multi-modal feature learning requires huge datasets and computing for both pre-training and fine-tuning to the target task. In this paper, we illustrate that more granular semi-supervised alignment at a region-phrase level is an additional useful cue and can further improve the performance of such representations. To this end, we propose a novel semi-supervised grounding alignment loss, which leverages an off-the-shelf pre-trained phrase grounding model for pseudo-supervision (by producing region-phrase alignments). This semi-supervised formulation enables better feature learning in the absence of any additional human annotations on the large-scale (Conceptual Captions) dataset. Further, it shows an even larger margin of improvement on smaller data splits, leading to effective data-efficient feature learning. We illustrate the superiority of the learned features by fine-tuning the resulting models to multiple vision-language downstream tasks: visual question answering (VQA), visual commonsense reasoning (VCR), and visual grounding. Experiments on the VQA, VCR, and grounding benchmarks demonstrate the improvement of up to 1.3% in accuracy (in visual grounding) with large-scale training; up to 5.9% (in VQA) with 1/8 of the data for pre-training and fine-tuning11We will release the code and all pre-trained models upon acceptance.
Cryogenic 3D Printing of w/o Pickering Emulsions Containing Bifunctional Drugs for Producing Hierarchically Porous Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Antibacterial Capability

How to fabricate bone tissue engineering scaffolds with excellent antibacterial and bone regeneration ability has attracted increasing attention. Herein, we produced a hierarchical porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polycaprolactone composite bone tissue engineering scaffold containing tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) through a micro-extrusion-based cryogenic 3D printing of Pickering emulsion inks, in which the hydrophobic silica (h-SiO2) nanoparticles were used as emulsifiers to stabilize composite Pickering emulsion inks. Hierarchically porous scaffolds with desirable antibacterial properties and bone-forming ability were obtained. Grid scaffolds with a macroscopic pore size of 250.03 ± 75.88 μm and a large number of secondary micropores with a diameter of 24.70 ± 15.56 μm can be fabricated through cryogenic 3D printing, followed by freeze-drying treatment, whereas the grid structure of scaffolds printed or dried at room temperature was discontinuous, and fewer micropores could be observed on the strut surface. Moreover, the impartment of β-TCP in scaffolds changed the shape and density of the micropores but endowed the scaffold with better osteoconductivity. Scaffolds loaded with TCH had excellent antibacterial properties and could effectively promote the adhesion, expansion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells afterward. The scaffolds loaded with TCH could realize the strategy to “kill bacteria first, then induce osteogenesis”. Such hierarchically porous scaffolds with abundant micropores, excellent antibacterial property, and improved bone-forming ability display great prospects in treating bone defects with infection.
Determinants and Consequences of the Need for Explanation

Much of human learning throughout the lifespan is achieved through seeking and generating explanations. However, very little is known about what triggers a learner to seek an explanation. In two studies, we investigate what makes a given event or phenomenon stand in need of explanation. In Study 1, we show that a learner’s judgment of “need for explanation” for a given question predicts that learner’s likelihood of seeking an answer to this question. In Study 2, we explore several potential predictors of need for explanation. We find that the need for explanation is greater for questions expected to have useful answers that require expert understanding, and that “need for explanation” can be differentiated from general curiosity.
Adaptive Time-Bound Key Management Scheme for the Internet of Things

Key Management is one of the main components of secure communication and is considered one of the most energy consuming during the process. The emergence of resource constrained elements in the Internet of Things (IoT) crucially requires a key management scheme that is suitable for those devices in terms of resource consumption. In this paper, an adaptive key management scheme is proposed where the server can send a number of values that the client can use to generate the keys. This scheme ensures that the amount of values sent between nodes is based on the energy available at the receiving node for key generation. Our protocol is designed to suit a dynamic environment, with a high number of joins, predicted and unpredicted leaves while maintaining the security level required. A typical case in our approach can save an average of 20-30% of energy consumed in generating keys in comparison to other key management systems.
Diet and Vitiligo: The Story So Far

Vitiligo is an acquired skin pigmentation disease with a global burden of 0.5 to 2 percent of the population. Vitiligo therapy frequently poses a difficulty, which has sparked interest in alternative treatment modalities, including multivitamins and herbal supplementation. It has previously been established that nutrition plays a crucial role in developing, amplifying, or rehabilitating an array of human disorders. However, the correlation between diet diversity and immune-mediated skin diseases is still up to interpretation. Several supplements have been studied, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements. Most studies agree that combining vitamin B12, folic acid, and sun exposure is good for inducing repigmentation. Supplementation of zinc and phenylalanine when used in conjunction with topical steroids or UV-B (ultraviolet B) treatment shows therapeutic effects on vitiligo due to their role in the melanin synthesis pathway. Investigations conducted on herbal supplements have revealed that most of them contain antioxidants, which aid in repigmentation. This narrative review's purpose is to discuss nutrition's function in immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases from the perspective of the most recent and reliable information available.
How heteroepitaxy occurs on strontium titanate

In situ surface x-ray diffraction during deposition of LaTiO3 on SrTiO3 (001) shows that a TiO2 adlayer participates in growth. In traditional models of heteroepitaxy, the substrate serves mainly as a crystalline template for the thin-film lattice, dictating the initial roughness of the film and the degree of coherent strain. Here, performing in situ surface x-ray diffraction during the heteroepitaxial growth of LaTiO3 on SrTiO3 (001), we find that a TiO2 adlayer composed of the (13×13)R33.7° and (2×2)R45.0° reconstructions is a highly active participant in the growth process, continually diffusing to the surface throughout deposition. The effects of the TiO2 adlayer on layer-by-layer growth are investigated using different deposition sequences and anomalous x-ray scattering, both of which permit detailed insight into the dynamic layer rearrangements that take place. Our work challenges commonly held assumptions regarding growth on TiO2-terminated SrTiO3 (001) and demonstrates the critical role of excess TiO2 surface stoichiometry on the initial stages of heteroepitaxial growth on this important perovskite oxide substrate material.
Effect of default order set settings on telemetry ordering

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of adjusting the default order set settings on telemetry usage. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective, controlled, before-after study of patients admitted to a house staff medicine service at an academic medical center examining the effect of changing whether the admission telemetry order was pre-selected or not. Telemetry orders on admission and subsequent orders for telemetry were monitored pre- and post-change. Two other order sets that had no change in their default settings were used as controls. RESULTS Between January 1, 2017 and May 1, 2018, there were 1, 163 patients admitted using the residency-customized version of the admission order set which initially had telemetry pre-selected. In this group of patients, there was a significant decrease in telemetry ordering in the post-intervention period: from 79.1% of patients in the 8.5 months prior ordered to have telemetry to 21.3% of patients ordered in the 7.5 months after (χ2 = 382; P < .001). There was no significant change in telemetry usage among patients admitted using the two control order sets. DISCUSSION Default settings have been shown to affect clinician ordering behavior in multiple domains. Consistent with prior findings, our study shows that changing the order set settings can significantly affect ordering practices. Our study was limited in that we were unable to determine if the change in ordering behavior had significant impact on patient care or safety. CONCLUSION Decisions about default selections in electronic health record order sets can have significant consequences on ordering behavior.
Family-Centered Interventions and Quality of Life of Clients with Ostomy

Background Family-centered intervention can be used as a therapeutic intervention to improve the quality of life (QOL) in clients with ostomy. This study aimed to determine the effects of family-centered intervention on the QOL in ostomy clients. Methods A quasi-experimental study was carried out with participation of 70 clients with colostomy and 70 caregivers (family members). The participants were selected through convenient sampling and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received family-centered education. The education program included four sessions, 50–60 min each, that were implemented in two weeks at hospital wards or clients' houses for the clients' companions. Afterwards, the caregivers implemented the care at home for one month. The subjects in the control group received routine care before being discharged. The QOL of the clients in both groups was measured using the city of hope-QOL-ostomy questionnaire before and one month after the intervention. Results The mean scores of the QOL after family-centered intervention in the experimental and control groups increased from 197.97 to 207.49 and from 195.2 to 199.03, respectively. The paired t-test showed a significant change in the experimental and control groups after the intervention at a confidence level of 95% (p=0.0001; p=0.002). In addition, after the intervention, however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in all these areas except for social aspects (p=0.007). Conclusion Family-centered intervention can be used as a therapeutic intervention to improve the QOL in clients with ostomy. The intervention was effective in the physical, spiritual, psychological, and social health of these clients.
“You Don’t Look Dyslexic”: Using the Job Demands—Resource Model of Burnout to Explore Employment Experiences of Australian Adults with Dyslexia

Background: Employment and job security are key influences on health and wellbeing. In Australia, little is known about the employment lifecycle of adults with dyslexia. Materials and Methods: Using a qualitative research design, this study sought to explore the experiences faced by adults with dyslexia seeking and retaining employment. In-depth interviews were conducted with a cohort either currently or previously in the labour market. We used the Job Demands Resource Model of Burnout (JD-R Model) to explore links between workplace characteristics and employee wellbeing. Deductive content analysis attained condensed and broad descriptions of participants’ workplace experiences. Results: Dyslexic adults (n = 14) participated; majority employed part/full-time and experienced challenges throughout their employment; exhaustion and burnout at work were reported, also fear and indecision about disclosure of dyslexia. A minority reported receiving positive, useful support from team members following disclosure. Conclusion: The JD-R Model provided a guiding framework. We found participants experienced a myriad of challenges that included risk of mental exhaustion, discrimination, limited access to support and fatigue, leaving them vulnerable to job burn-out. Dyslexia does not have to be a major barrier to success in any occupation. Yet, when in supportive, informed workplace environments, employees with dyslexia thrive.
Phonetic duration of nouns depends on de-lexicalized syntactic distributions: Evidence from naturally occurring conversation

We explore whether de-lexicalized syntactic information impacts the phonetic duration of nouns. The motivating expectation is that nouns that carry more syntactic information will be more difficult to produce in situ, leading to longer durations. We approach this question from two perspectives: pure diversity of a noun's distribution across its available syntactic relations, and distance of this distribution from the average distribution of nouns in the language at large. The former measure is designed to capture the interconnectivity between the lexical and syntactic tiers of linguistic representation. The latter measure targets how well an individual noun fits the behavior expected for the noun class. We find that durations are sensitive to both measures in complementary fashion: nouns with more diverse syntactic distributions are produced with longer durations, and nouns that have distinctive (non-prototypical) distributions have shorter
The Private Provision of Public Services: Evidence from Random Assignment in Medicaid

This paper examines the effects of privatizing social health insurance. We exploit a natural experiment in Medicaid—the largest means-tested program in the US—wherein nearly 100,000 enrollees were randomly assigned between a publicly-operated fee-for-service system and private managed care. We find that managed care reduced cost by 10%—via changes in quantity, not lower prices—with the savings concentrated in prescription drugs. We present evidence that prior authorization was the key mechanism reducing overuse and encouraging substitution to lower-cost drugs without decreasing quality. In contrast, we find that privatizing medical benefits decreased quality and consumer satisfaction without achieving savings. ∗We thank Zarek Brot-Goldberg, Amitabh Chandra, Jeff Clemens, Zack Cooper, Leemore Dafny, Craig Garthwaite, Dan Kessler, Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, Aaron Schwartz, Julia Smith, and Becky Staiger, as well as seminar participants at ASHEcon 2022, Boston University, Brown University, Duke Kunshan University, the Empirical Health Law Conference, the University of Pennsylvania Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Stanford, the Hoover Institution Campbell Fellows Conference, and Yale University. Geruso gratefully acknowledges support by grant P2CHD042849, Population Research Center, awarded to the Population Research Center at The University of Texas at Austin by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The conclusions and opinions presented in here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Louisiana Department of Health or any funder. †Yale School of Public Health. Email: danil.agafievmacambira@yale.edu ‡University of Texas at Austin. Email: mike.geruso@utexas.edu §Yale School of Public Health. Email: anthony.lollo@yale.edu ¶Yale School of Public Health. Email: chima.ndumele@yale.edu ‖Yale School of Public Health. Email: jacob.wallace@yale.edu
The Effects of Greed and Fear in Symmetric and Asymmetric Volunteer's Dilemma

The current research explores the role of two different motives underlying volunteering (or defecting) in a simple economic game. We find in Study 1 that in a symmetric Volunteer’s Dilemma (VoD) the willingness to volunteer is reduced more strongly by an increase in the payoff for unilateral defection (suggesting more greed) than by an increase in the payoff for mutual defection (suggesting less fear). In Study 2, we replicate this finding when only the participants’ own payoffs are varied, but not when only the other player’s payoffs are varied. These findings are inconsistent with standard (i.e., Nash) game-theoretic predictions and Schelling’s focal-point hypothesis. Instead, the empirical patterns suggest that participants approach the VoD using egocentric decision heuristics.