Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tingkat Stres pada Siswa-Siswi Sekolah Dasar dalam Menjalankan Proses Belajar di Rumah Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat stress pada siswa-siswi sekolah dasar besar dan kecil dalam menjalankan proses belajar di rumah selama pandemic Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparasi dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 90 siswa dengan rincian sebesar 42 siswa dari Kelas Kecil (Kelas 1-3 SD) dan 48 siswa dari Kelas Besar (Kelas 4-5 SD). Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan satu skala psikologi yaitu Skala Reaksi Anak. Skala Reaksi Anak berjumlah 15 item valid (α = 0,791). Analisis data menggunakan uji independent sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan tingkat stress siswa kelas besar dan kecil yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai t hitung = 2,55 dengan p = 0,013 (p < 0,05). Rata-rata tingkat stress siswa sekolah dasar kelas besar adalah 31,79 dibandingkan rata-rata tingkat stress siswa sekolah dasar kelas kecil adalah 29,67 dengan perbedaan rata-rata sebesar 2,11. Jadi penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ratarata tingkat stress siswa sekolah dasar kelas besar lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata tingkat stress siswa sekolah dasar kelas kecil. Kata kunci: Tingkat Stres, Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Belajar di Rumah
Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes in Kenya

Health inputs are critical in attaining a healthy nation and improving health outcomes. Kenya, like other developing countries, grapples with limited health expenditures and poor population health indicators. Specifically, Kenya is yet to achieve the allocation of least 15% of the government’s annual budget to improve the health sector as enshrined in the Abuja Declaration. Though there is an improvement with regards to infant mortality rate decreasing from 96.6 per 1, 000 live birth in 1970 to 30.6 per 1, 000 live birth in 2018. This indicator of population health outcome is currently far below the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of reducing the under five mortality rate to as low as 12 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030. The literature suggests that increase in government’s budgetary allocation to the health sector can improve country’s health outcomes. Evidence on the impact of health expenditures on health outcomes is mixed and limited in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the impact of public health expenditures on health outcomes, among other control variables in Kenya. The study uses time series data from 1970 to 2018. The variables are found to be integrated of different orders suggesting the choice of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. ARDL provides a useful link between long run equilibrium relationships and short run disequilibrium dynamics is estimated. The ARDL bounds test suggests presence of cointegration thus leading to the estimation of Error Correction Model (ECM). The findings suggest that improvements in public health expenditures enhance health outcomes in Kenya. The control variables that are found to be important determinants of infant mortality rate in Kenya include the national income and number of hospital beds per 100, 000. The study recommends that Kenyan government should increase annual budgetary allocation to health sector. Such increase is likely to lead to investments in physical and human capital in the health sector thus translating to improved health outcomes in Kenya. European Scientific Journal August 2020 edition Vol.16, No.22 ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e ISSN 1857-7431 96
Investigating the Formation of Submesoscale Structures along Mesoscale Fronts and Estimating Kinematic Quantities Using Lagrangian Drifters

Much of the vertical transport near the surface of the ocean, which plays a critical role in the transport of dissolved nutrients and gases, is thought to be associated with ageostrophic submesoscale phenomena. Vertical velocities are challenging not only to model accurately, but also to measure because of how difficult they are to locate in the surface waters of the ocean. Using unique massive drifter releases during the Lagrangian Submesoscale Experiment (LASER) campaign in the Gulf of Mexico and the Coherent Lagrangian Pathways from the Surface Ocean to the Interior (CALYPSO) experiment in the Mediterranean Sea, we investigate the generation of submesoscale structures along two different mesoscale fronts. We use a novel method to project Lagrangian trajectories to Eulerian velocity fields, in order to calculate horizontal velocity gradients at the surface, which are used as a proxy for vertical transport. The velocity reconstruction uses a squared-exponential covariance function, which characterizes velocity correlations in horizontal space and time, and determines the scales of variation using the data itself. SST and towed CTD measurements support the findings revealed by the drifter data. Due to the production of a submesoscale instability eddy in the Gulf of Mexico, convergence magnitudes of up to ∼20 times the planetary vorticity, f, are observed, the value of which is almost 3 times larger than that found in the mesoscale dominated Western Mediterranean Sea.
Mitigation of coral bleaching by antioxidants

Coral bleaching, loss of symbiotic dinoflagellate algae from the coral holobiont, is a complex phenomenon that can result in coral death and reef degradation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested as a possible mechanism underlying this event. To determine if antioxidants can be used to reduce ROS production and coral bleaching, we tested the effects of thermal stress in Aiptasia pallida a model system for coral bleaching studies, and the scleractinian coral, Porites astreoides. We analyzed host ROS levels, symbiont dark-adapted quantum yield of photosystem II, and symbiont loss in the presence or absence of antioxidants. We found that a single dose of the antioxidant catechin, significantly reduced ROS levels in the hosts, mitigated the degradation of the symbiont’s quantum yield and reduced the loss of symbionts from thermally stressed P. astreoides but not from A. pallida. Taken together, these results support a key role of ROS and that antioxidants can prevent symbiont degradation and loss during thermally-induced bleaching in P. astreoides. Abbreviations PAM Pulse-Amplified Modulation ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
Semiconducting Nanocrystalline Bismuth Oxychloride (BiOCl) for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2

The reduction of CO2 is relevant for the production of compounds as part of the carbon capture and utilization research approaches. Thus, photocatalytic reduction of CO2 over a tailored BiOCl-based photocatalyst (BTEG) was tested under UV light (365 nm). BTEG was synthesized in the presence of triethylene glycol, which gave 4-nm crystallites, much smaller than the 30 nm crystallites of commercial BiOCl. Commercial BiOCl reduced CO2 mainly to methane with a minor fraction of ethanol, and was inactivated after 20 h. BTEG was a more active catalyst for CO2 photoreduction, producing approximately equal amounts of methane, methanol, and ethanol while consuming 0.38 µmol g−1 h−1 of CO2 before the experiment was stopped after 43 h, with the catalyst still active. The different products formed by the BTEG photocatalyst samples were tentatively ascribed to its greater content of {110} facets. Thus, in addition to band-gap tuning, the relative fractions of BiOCl facets had a key role in the effective photocatalytic reduction of CO2, and the BiOCl-based BTEG catalyst promoted the formation of important compounds as methanol and ethanol.
Determinants of diversification by cocoa smallholders in Sulawesi

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate determinants of four diversification practises by cocoa smallholders in West Sulawesi, Indonesia: (1) growing other crops, (2) keeping livestock, (3) off-farm work for wages (4) off-farm self-employment, and the impact of diversification on welfare of community members.Design/methodology/approachHousehold interviews (n = 116) conducted in two subdistricts (Anreapi and Mapilli) of Polewali-Mandar District, West Sulawesi, provided quantitative data on household characteristics, crop and livestock production, income sources, expenditure and credit access. Two villages per subdistrict were included in the study, each producing cocoa as the main crop but differing in their proximity to a market town. Logistic regression was applied to identify determinants of diversification by households. Multiple linear regression (MLR) models evaluated the impact of diversification practices and other explanatory variables on two proxies of welfare (or household wealth): per capita value of durable assets (household assets other than land or livestock) and per capita expenditure for each household.FindingsMean per capita cocoa production in the sample was low (51 kg dry beans/annum). The mean dependency ratio (proportion of household occupants age <18 and >64) was 35%, with an average of five occupants per household. Household heads were predominantly male (95%), averaging 46 yo and 7 years of formal education. Most households (72%) depended on loans, but only 24% accessed formal loans. Significant determinants of diversification practices were access to formal credit for self-employment and subdistrict for livestock, with Mapilli subdistrict households more likely to keep livestock. Household predictors in the MLR accounted for 28% variation of the dependent, per capita value of durable goods. Off-farm self-employment and raising livestock significantly improved welfare, but growing other crops or off-farm work for wages had little effect. Other household variables demonstrated to have significant positive effects on welfare were education of the household head, proximity to a market town and land area per household.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was restricted to a relatively small sample size (n = 116). Studies including panel data or larger numbers of households could enable the identification of further determinants of diversification.Practical implicationsThe study demonstrates that diversification has the potential to improve rural livelihoods, but that obstacles, especially formal credit access, may deter poorer households from diversifying their income sources.Social implicationsPrograms and policies that facilitate access to formal finance by smallholders could encourage diversification into small business and improve livelihoods in cocoa-dependent communities.Originality/valueIn the light of the decline in cocoa farm productivity in West Sulawesi, the study demonstrates the potential benefits, as well as limitations, of income diversification by smallholders.
Efficacy of Mulberry Varieties on Young Instars Larvae of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Six mulberry varieties were selected for feeding young silkworm, Bombyx mori L. These varieties were Morus alba Linn. Var. Iljiros (A), Morus Ihou Koidz. Var. Josaengrok (B), Morus alba Linn. Var. Kearyang-Seoban (C), Morus Ihou Koidz. Var. Nosang (D), Morus alba Linn. Var. Afiluniz (E) and Morus alba Linn. Var. Kokuso-27(G). During the 4th and 5th larvae instar of silkworm instar, nutritional were tested, data were collected on the biomass of larvae and cocoons for 6 treatments on ingesta, digesta, excreta, approximate digestibility (AD), reference ratio (RR), consumption index (CI), relative growth rate (RGR), respiration (R) and metabolic rate (MR), efficiency conversion of ingesta (ECI) and digesta (ECD) for larva, cocoon, and shell. Further, the ingesta and digesta required for producing one gram of cocoon and shell (I/g and D/g). Characters of young instars duration (YID), fifth duration (FID), total larval period (TLD), cocooning percentage (CP), pupation ratio (PR), sex ratio (SR), number of cocoons/liter (C/L), fresh cocoon weight (FCW), fresh cocoon shell weight (FCSW), fresh pupa weight (FPW), fresh cocoon shell ratio (FCSR) and silk productivity (SP) for female and male. In addition to length of silk filament (FL), weight of silk filament (FW), size of reeled thread (denier; FS) and silk ratio (SR) were investigated.
Hydroacoustic Assessment of Behavioral Responses by Fish Passing Near an Operating Tidal Turbine in the East River, New York

AbstractAn important environmental issue facing the marine and hydrokinetic energy industry is whether fish that encounter underwater energy devices are likely to be struck and injured by moving components, primarily rotating turbine blades. The automated analysis of nearly 3 weeks of multibeam hydroacoustics data identified about 35,000 tracks of fish passing a tidal turbine in the East River, New York. These tracks included both individual fish and schools during periods with the turbine absent, the turbine present and operating, and the turbine present but not operating. The density of fish in the sampled area when the turbine was absent was roughly twice the density observed when the turbine was in place, particularly when the turbine was operating. This suggests that some avoidance occurred before fish were close enough to the turbine to be observed by the hydroacoustics system. Various measures of swimming behavior (direction, velocity, and linearity) were calculated for each track and evaluated for.
Compression Fatigue Testing Setups for Composites—A Review

The positive combination of lightweight design and high fatigue resistance of fiber reinforced materials has led to their broad application in many different structural applications. During the design phase, it is often only considered that these materials are subjected to tensile loading conditions to make use of their excellent strength and fatigue resistance properties. However, in the current challenge to reduce weight of transportation vehicles, a broadening range of loading conditions for composites may arise, whereby it is not always possible to restrict loading to pure tensile conditions. In contrast to metals, compressive loading is a challenging load case for composites. Much research is undertaken to understand the compressive behavior of composites and to develop valid methods for their characterization. Especially for compressive fatigue testing (load ratio R < 0 and R > 1), the generally accepted methods are rare, and not much is reported in the literature on how characterization should be done. This review provides an overview of existing methods, i.e., setups for testing fiber reinforced polymer composites under compression and discusses their applicability to fatigue testing.
Hölder-logarithmic stability in Fourier synthesis

We prove a Hölder-logarithmic stability estimate for the problem of finding a sufficiently regular compactly supported function v on Rd from its Fourier transform Fv given on [−r, r] d . This estimate relies on a Hölder stable continuation of Fv from [−r, r] d to a larger domain. The related reconstruction procedures are based on truncated series of Chebyshev polynomials. We also give an explicit example showing optimality of our stability estimates.
Evaluating the efficacy of carbachol at reducing corvid predation on artificial nests

A BSTRACT : Nest predation often limits recovery of threatened and endangered birds, especially ground-nesting species. Accordingly, a variety of techniques are used to reduce the impact of nest predation on listed species. We examined the efficacy of conditioned taste aversion, a nonlethal technique designed to induce avoidance behavior in predators after being exposed to prey items that have been treated, usually with a chemical emetic that causes predators to become ill within minutes of consumption. We used carbachol (carbamyl choline chloride) as a taste-aversive agent to condition corvids responsible for high levels of nest predation on two federally listed species [the western snowy plover ( Charadrius nivosus nivosus ) and California least tern ( Sternula antillarum browni )] breeding at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. Carbachol is tasteless, colorless, and odorless, which makes it a preferred aversive agent as predators are unable to detect the chemical and therefore associate their resultant sickness with consumption of the prey item. We conducted two separate experiments in 2013 and 2014, during which we deployed 772 artificial nests during the first experiment and 760 artificial nests during the second experiment. Both experiments were conducted prior to the onset of egg laying for plovers and terns (i.e., Feb-Mar) and each artificial nest contained three quail ( Coturnix sp. ) eggs. During the first stage of both experiments all of the nests only contained untreated quail eggs, and nest predation was high with >90% of nests failing within 1-2 days of deployment. In subsequent stages, we deployed carbachol-treated eggs in increasing proportion. We used nest survival models to evaluate daily survival rates (DSR) of artificial nests in all stages of both experiments. During both experiments, DSR increased concomitant with a greater proportion of carbachol-treated eggs. Common ravens ( Corvus corax ) accounted for 98.1% (n = 471) of all artificial nest predations in Experiment 1, and 95.6% (n = 498) of all artificial nest predations in Experiment 2. Using carbachol as a taste-aversive agent was effective at reducing predation on artificial nests as illustrated by increased DSR (0.47 to 0.98 in the first experiment and 0.00 to 0.99 in the second experiment); however, transferability of this technique to plover and tern nests was not fully realized.
Effect of Sulphur and Zinc on Content and Uptake of Nutrients of Summer Green Gram (Vigna Radiata L.Wilezeck) Under Medium Black Calcareous Soils

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2014, at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to assess the response of summer green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilezeck) to four levels of sulphur viz., 0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S ha -1 , and three levels of Zinc viz., 0, 2.5 and 5.0 kg Zn ha -1 . The results of different sulphur and zinc levels depicted that application of 30 kg S ha -1 and 5.0 kg Zn ha -1 significantly higher in N, P, K, S and Zn content and uptake by seed and straw. Interaction of sulphur and zinc gave significant results.
Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance and Metal Homeostasis Genes in Midwest USA Agricultural Sediments

Microbial antibiotic resistance is a naturally occurring phenomenon that has grown in part with the use of antibiotics in agricultural operation. There are also known connections between genes for metal homeostasis and antibiotic resistance, and either antibiotics or metals may select for both kinds of genes. Antibiotics, metals, and their associated genes have the potential to enter agricultural drainage channels and migrate to downstream locations through receiving water bodies. A relatively new agricultural best management practice—the two-stage channel design—functions by sequestering sediments and dissolved constituents as they flow through agricultural ditches from surface runoff and tile drainage discharge. Sedimentation in agricultural watersheds may entrap aggregate pollutants including antibiotics, metals, and associated resistance genes before transport into the drainage system. Here, we characterized the abundance and diversity of 22 antibiotic resistance and metal homeostasis genes in three two-stage channels that had self-developed in an area dominated by agricultural land use. Additionally, we analyzed the sediments for 17 antibiotics and nine metals that could affect the selection of these genes. In these rural systems that drain into Lake Erie, the abundance of antibiotic resistance and metal homeostasis genes were on the lower end of ranges (e.g., <106 gene copies g−1 of intI1) reported in other riverine and lake systems, with only five genes—intI1, aacA, mexB, cadA, and merA—differing significantly between sites. The diversity of antibiotic resistance and metal homeostasis genes for these sediment samples were largely similar to other human impacted environments. Few antibiotics were detected in two stage channel sediments, with concentrations below the quantifiable limits (<0.02–34.5 µg kg−1 soil) in most cases. Likewise, metals were present at what could be considered background concentrations. Despite serving as important drainage channel features in a region dominated by agricultural land use, results serve as an important baseline reference against which other monitoring studies can be compared to assess the perturbation of antibiotics and metals on agricultural channel sediments.
Corn yield as a function of amounts of nitrogen applied in bands

The aim of the current paper is to study the effect of different amounts of nitrogen applied in bands of corn hybrids on variables related to corn plant growth and its yield components. The experiment was carried out under no-tillage system at Guarapuava, PR, Brazil, throughout the period of October 1st 2009 to March 20th 2010. The treatments resulted in the combination of two simple hybrids of corn (P30R50 and AG8025) and six doses of nitrogen applied in bands (0; 75; 150; 225; 300 and 375 kg N ha-1 in urea form). The treatments were 12 arranged in a 2x6 factorial design of randomized blocks in four replications. The corn hybrid AG8025 had a small number of leaves, smaller rows of grains per stalk and insertion height of primary stalk compared to the hybrid P30R50. However, with a greater plant height, higher overall dry phytomass and productivity point out the influence of genetic variability on the crop. Nitrogen doses influenced significantly biological variables, such as plant height at the phenological stages V9 and R1, insertion height of the primary stalk, branch diameter, number of photosynthetically active leaves at R1, stalk diameter, one thousand grains weight and productivity. 295 kg de N ha-1 dose provided estimated yield of 13,032.93 kg ha-1. Factors, such as hybrids and N doses, did not affect harvest index, whose average value corresponded to 0.52. Yield was positively correlated to most of the variables in the study, outstanding yield components, such as dry phytomass of grains per stalk and overall phytomass of the aerial part per plant. It is concluded that knowing the effect of N on corn plant physiology makes the characterization of yield possible and helps in the selection of corn plant as a parameter for N management in bands. Key words: Zea mays L. , yield component, nitrogen, harvest index.
Investigating how graduate students connect microstates and macrostates with entropy

As a first step in a larger study of student reasoning in upper-division thermal physics, we conducted thinkaloud interviews with 8 physics graduate students to probe their understanding of entropy. In this paper, we’ll discuss results from a question which presented students with a novel system—a string in a bath of water—and asked students to rank the probabilities of particular arrangements of the string, define macrostates of the system, and discuss specifically what is meant by the entropy of the system. Exploring graduate students’ understanding of entropy and their ability to solve problems and reason with entropic arguments will provide insights into how physicists develop a mature understanding of entropy as a physical quantity. We find a tendency for graduate students to project properties of macrostates onto constituent microstates, and discuss other observations. We identify connections to previous research and lay out the next steps for this project.