Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of volatile compounds and flavor fingerprint in hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) during air-drying using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS)

In the present study, changes in volatile compounds during processing were analyzed using the headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), to investigate the generation of aroma in hairtails (Trichiurus lepturus) during air-drying. Physicochemical indices, such as moisture content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were also detected. Flavor fingerprints were studied and developed to distinguish the samples of fresh hairtails (0 day) from air-dried hairtails (2 and 4 days). A total of 75 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in hairtails, in which alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters were the principal contributors to the formation of the overall flavor of hairtails during air-drying. Seven flavor compounds (ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol, hexanal, octanal, benzaldehyde, and 3-methylbutanal), two flavor compounds (acetoin and dimethyl sulfide), and eight flavor compounds (1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, nonanal, heptanal, 2-heptanone, ethyl acetate, trimethylamine, and ammonia) were identified in 0, 2, and 4 air-dried hairtails as biomarkers, respectively. The results showed that HS-GC-IMS could detect VOCs in different air-dried hairtails rapidly and comprehensively.
Machine learning for screening and predicting the risk of anti-MDA5 antibody in juvenile dermatomyositis children

Objective The anti-MDA5 (anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene 5) antibody is often associated with a poor prognosis in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. In many developing countries, there is limited ability to access myositis- specific antibodies due to financial and technological issues, especially in remote regions. This study was performed to develop a prediction model for screening anti-MDA5 antibodies in JDM patients with commonly available clinical findings. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 152 patients enrolled from the inpatient wards of Beijing Children’s Hospital between June 2018 and September 2021. Stepwise logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the random forest (RF) method were used to fit the model. Model discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis were performed for validation. Results The final prediction model included eight clinical variables (gender, fever, alopecia, periungual telangiectasia, digital ulcer, interstitial lung disease, arthritis/arthralgia, and Gottron sign) and four auxiliary results (WBC, CK, CKMB, and ALB). An anti-MDA5 antibody risk probability–predictive nomogram was established with an AUC of 0.975 predicted by the random forest algorithm. The model was internally validated by Harrell’s concordance index (0.904), the Brier score (0.052), and a 500 bootstrapped satisfactory calibration curve. According to the net benefit and predicted probability thresholds of decision curve analysis, the established model showed a significantly higher net benefit than the traditional logistic regression model. Conclusion We developed a prediction model using routine clinical assessments to screen for JDM patients likely to be anti-MDA5 positive. This new tool may effectively predict the detection of anti-MDA5 in these patients using a non-invasive and efficient way.
Relationship between the heterogeneity of low-permeability reservoirs and the dynamic evolution of fractures under uniaxial compression conditions by CT scanning: A case study in the jiyang depression of Bohai Bay Basin, China

Based on an analysis of core fractures and computed tomography scanning by X-ray under uniaxial compression tests with loading and unloading, this study investigated the three-dimensional evolution of fracture initiation and propagation in different heterogeneity conditions of low-permeability reservoirs. Reservoir heterogeneity affected the 3D dynamic development of fractures. With increasing loading value, fractures with strong heterogeneity in low-permeability reservoirs followed the development sequence from shallow to deep depth in the profile. When the fracture tip reached the incompetent layer, propagation stopped. Subsequently, when the deformation continued to increase, the fracture crossed the incompetent layer and initiated a new fracture at the front end. Therefore, the across-bedding and through-going macro fractures formed in conjugate sets or were Y-shaped, with roughly equal spacing. In the plane, the fractures initiated along the pre-existing bedding parallel fracture and further propagated into large fractures. Consequently, they formed a net-shaped fracture from the edge to the center, with a long development period. These fractures intersected to form a complex, interconnected, and high-fracture-density system in three dimensions. Under the same loading value, owing to uniform lithology, the formation of micro-fractures in the weak heterogeneity of low-permeability reservoirs is difficult. Furthermore, long shear fractures were only produced in a relatively short formation period with a low fracture density. In the plane, the fractures stepped in an en-énchelon and terminated with horse-tailing microfractures. Moreover, the strong heterogeneity of low-permeability reservoirs was more favorable for producing fractures. The fracture volume was 13.17% of the total sample volume compared to 0.67% in the weak-heterogeneity reservoir under the same loading compression. Furthermore, a better fracturing effect was achieved by fracturing along the direction >50° with the natural fracture and under the condition of small differential horizontal stresses.
Habituation of the stress response multiplex to repeated cold pressor exposure

Humans show remarkable habituation to aversive events as reflected by changes of both subjective report and objective measures of stress. Although much experimental human research focuses on the effects of stress, relatively little is known about the cascade of physiological and neural responses that contribute to stress habituation. The cold pressor test (CPT) is a common method for inducing acute stress in human participants in the laboratory; however, there are gaps in our understanding of the global state changes resulting from this stress-induction technique and how these responses change over multiple exposures. Here, we measure the stress response to repeated CPT exposures using an extensive suite of physiologic measures and state-of-the-art analysis techniques. In two separate sessions on different days, participants underwent five 90 s CPT exposures of both feet and five warm water control exposures, while electrocardiography (ECG), impedance cardiography, continuous blood pressure, pupillometry, scalp electroencephalography (EEG), salivary cortisol and self-reported pain assessments were recorded. A diverse array of adaptive responses are reported that vary in their temporal dynamics within each exposure as well as habituation across repeated exposures. During cold-water exposure there was a cascade of changes across several cardiovascular measures (elevated heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and reduced left ventricular ejection time (LVET), stroke volume (SV) and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF)). Increased pupil dilation was observed, as was increased power in low-frequency bands (delta and theta) across frontal EEG electrode sites. Several cardiovascular measures also habituated over repeated cold-water exposures (HR, MAP, CO, SV, LVET) as did pupil dilation and alpha frequency activity across the scalp. Anticipation of cold water induced stress effects in the time-period immediately prior to exposure, indexed by increased pupil size and cortical disinhibition in the alpha and beta frequency bands across central scalp sites. These results provide comprehensive insight into the evolution of a diverse array of stress responses to an acute noxious stressor, and how these responses adaptively contribute to stress habituation.
At the heart of change: Differences in young offenders’ HRV patterns after the delivery of the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP program

Introduction Literature has pointed the need for intervention programs specifically tailored to target the treatment needs of young offenders, as well as the need to test the efficacy of such programs through physiological indexes of emotion regulation (e.g., heart rate variability; HRV), complementing self-reports typically used as outcome measures. The PSYCHOPATHY.COMP is a 20-session individual intervention program based on Compassion Focused Therapy aiming to reduce psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior among young offenders through the development of a compassionate motivation, while stimulating the soothing system as a strategy to improve emotion regulation. Previous research with young offenders has shown decreases in vagally mediated HRV (vmHRV) when the soothing system is activated. This physiological pattern seems to mirror threat-like responses that contrast with relaxed states. Methods To test the efficacy of the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP, a clinical trial was implemented encompassing a treatment (n = 56) and a control group (n = 53). Treatment participants attended the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP, while controls received the Treatment As Usual (TAU) delivered in Portuguese juvenile detention facilities. HRV data was collected throughout a standardized procedure (encompassing resting, reactivity and recovery phases) specifically designed to trigger the soothing system. Participants were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6-months follow-up. Results Although treatment participants continued to process the soothing system as unpleasant (with decreased vmHRV), they seem to become able to adaptively recover from the stimuli without avoiding it or resorting to maladaptive coping strategies. The physiological pattern was in line with participants’ decreases in difficulties in emotion regulation across the assessment periods. In contrast, controls seemed to have actively employed coping strategies associated with increases in vmHRV not only when the soothing system was triggered, but also when recovering from the stimuli. Congruently, for controls, increases in difficulties in emotion regulation were found, with increases in the lack of emotional clarity across the assessment periods. Discussion Findings offer new evidence for the efficacy of the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP program in improving emotion regulation in young offenders, assessed through both self-report and physiological measures. Additionally, findings support the assessment of the autonomic balance as a treatment efficacy index in future research, targeting the rehabilitation of these youth. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03971682.
Repercussions of absolute and time-rated BMI “yo-yo” fluctuations on cardiovascular stress-related morbidities within the vascular-metabolic CUN cohort

Aims The association between body mass index (BMI) fluctuation and BMI fluctuation rate with cardiovascular stress morbidities in a Caucasian European cohort was evaluated to ascertain the impact of weight cycling. Methods A total of 4,312 patients of the Vascular-Metabolic CUN cohort (VMCUN cohort) were examined and followed up during 9.35 years ( ± 4.39). Cox proportional hazard ratio analyses were performed to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular stress-related diseases (CVDs) across quartiles of BMI fluctuation, measured as the average successive variability (ASV) (ASV = |BMIt0 − BMIt1| + |BMIt1 − BMIt2| + |BMIt2-BMIt3| +…+ |BMItn – 1 − BMItn|/n − 1), and quartiles of BMI fluctuation rate (ASV/year). Results There were 436 incident cases of CVD-associated events involving 40,323.32 person-years of follow-up. A progressively increased risk of CVD in subjects with greater ASV levels was found. Also, a higher level of ASV/year was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing CVD stress independent of confounding factors with a value of 3.71 (95% CI: 2.71-5.07) for those in the highest quartile and 1.82 (95% CI: 1.33-2.50) for those in the third quartile. Conclusions The BMI fluctuation rate seems to be a better predictor than BMI fluctuation of the potential development of cardiovascular stress morbidities. The time-rated weight fluctuations are apparently more determinant in increasing the risk of a CVD than the weight fluctuation itself, which is remarkable in subjects under “yo-yo” weight patterns for precision medicine.
Racial inequality in COVID-treatment and in-hospital length of stay in the US over time

Introduction Demonstrated health inequalities persist in the United States. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) has been no exception, with access to treatment and hospitalization differing across race or ethnic groups. Here, we aim to assess differences in treatment with remdesivir and hospital length of stay across the four waves of the pandemic. Materials and methods Using a subset of the Truveta data, we examine the odds ratio (OR) of in-hospital remdesivir treatment and risk ratio (RR) of in-hospital length of stay between Black or African American (Black) to White patients. We adjusted for confounding factors, such as age, sex, and comorbidity status. Results There were statistically significant lower rates of remdesivir treatment and longer in-hospital length of stay comparing Black patients to White patients early in the pandemic (OR for treatment: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80, 0.96; RR for length of stay: 1.17, CI: 1.06, 1.21). Rates became close to parity between groups as the pandemic progressed. Conclusion While inpatient remdesivir treatment rates increased and length of stay decreased over the beginning course of the pandemic, there are still inequalities in patient care.
The long-term curative effect analysis of trans-articular plate combined with Kirschner wires in the treatment of fracture-dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint

Purpose To evaluate the long-term curative effect analysis of trans-articular plate combined with Kirschner wires in the treatment of fracture-dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint. Methods From July 2016 to September 2021, 21 patients with fracture-dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint were treated with trans-articular plate combined with Kirschner wires internal fixation. Each patient's gender, age, dominant hand, injured hand, trauma mechanism, the time between injury and surgery, the range of motion of the bilateral wrist in flexion, extension, radial deviation and ulnar deviation, grip strength of each side, the time of return to work, and follow-up time were recorded. The QDASH score and Cooney wrist function score were used to evaluate the postoperative function. The VAS system was used to evaluate postoperative pain. Results The follow-up time was 37.0 ± 19.0 months and the time between injury and surgery was 1.3 ± 0.5 days. In the injured side and the contralateral side, the range of motion of the wrist flexion were 58.3 ± 4.0° and 60.5 ± 3.1°, the range of motion of the wrist radial deviation were 25.7 ± 3.3° and 26.9 ± 2.9°, the range of motion of the wrist ulnar deviation were 28.1 ± 3.7° and 29.5 ± 3.1° respectively with no significant difference. The range of motion of the wrist extension (54.0 ± 3.4°) in the injured side was smaller than that in the contralateral side (56.7 ± 3.7°) with significant difference. The grip strength of the injured side and the contralateral side were 96.1 ± 9.5 LB and 100.7 ± 9.7LB respectively with no significant difference. The QDASH score was 3.8 ± 1.8, Cooney wrist function score was 94.5 ± 4.2, VAS score was 1.0 ± 0.8 and the time of return to work was 5.1 ± 0.9 weeks. In the 21 cases, no postoperative complications such as incision infection, failure of internal fixation, fracture nonunion or fracture malunion occurred. Conclusion The method of trans-articular plate combined with Kirschner wires is one of the alternative treatments for the fracture-dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint. The long-term follow-up results were satisfactory.
Fungicide sensitivity levels in the Lithuanian Zymoseptoria tritici population in 2021

Zymoseptoria tritici causes the disease known as septoria leaf blotch in winter wheat and is a major factor in yield loss worldwide. Farmers are inclined to use fungicides to protect their crops; however, the efficacy of these measures is rapidly decreasing due to the natural mechanisms of mutation emergence in pathogen populations. Increasing fungicide resistance is being recorded worldwide, therefore, screening of the current situation in Lithuania is essential to determine the subsequent steps of crop protection strategies. In this study, in vitro fungicide sensitivity tests, mutation detection, and field experiments were carried out. The mean EC50 values for prothioconazole-desthio and mefentrifluconazole were 0.14 and 0.28 mg/l, respectively. Increased frequency of the mutation S524T, linked to DMIs resistance, was observed. Results revealed that the dominant point mutation in the gene CYP51 was I381V, and the most frequent CYP51 haplotype was D13 (V136C, I381V, Y461H, S524T). The mutation G143A, linked to QoI resistance, was detected in ¾ of the population. Mutations conferring resistance to SDHIs were not detected in single pycnidium isolates. Two-year field experiments likewise showed no decline in field efficacy of SDHI fungicide in Lithuania. Moreover, the baseline sensitivity of the Lithuanian Z. tritici population to QiI fungicide fenpicoxamid was established. The findings of this study provide an update on the current status of fungicide resistance in the Lithuanian Z. tritici population.
A global bibliometric analysis on Kawasaki disease research over the last 5 years (2017–2021)

Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that mainly affects children. We aim to conduct a bibliometric analysis to explore the latest research hotspots and trends of KD. Method By using the keywords “Kawasaki disease,” “Kawasaki syndrome”, and “Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome,” the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases were searched for publications related to KD from 2017 to 2021. Author, country and journal submissions were classified and evaluated using Biblioshiny software (using R language). VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) was used to visualize the relevant network relationships. Result According to the search strategy, 5,848 and 6,804 KD studies were published in WOS and Scopus, respectively. The results showed an overall increasing trend in the number of publications and citations during the study period. The three most influential institutions in the WOS were St. Marianna University, Kawasaki Medical School and The University of Tokyo in Japan, while in Scopus, Harvard Medical School, University of California and Tehran University of Medical Sciences were the most influential institutions. The most influential authors of the two databases are Goodman SG, Kazunori Kataoka, and Takeshi Kimura of the WOS and Marx Nikolau and Wang Y, Burns JC, and Newburger JW of the Scopus, respectively. And Scientific Reports and Frontiers in Pediatrics were the most critical journals. The most cited documents were the WOS document by McCrindle et al. and the Scopus document by Benjamin et al. published in 2017, while the keywords in the last few years were focused on “COVID-19,” “multisystem inflammatory syndrome,” and “pandemic. ” Conclusion This bibliometric analysis summarizes for the first time the research progress in KD (2017–2021), providing a qualitative and quantitative assessment of KD research bibliometric information. In the field, researchers mainly from Japan and USA are dominant, followed by China. It is recommended to pay close attention to the latest hot spots, such as “COVID-19” and “multisystem inflammatory syndrome. ” These results provide a more intuitive and convenient way for researchers to obtain the latest information on KD.
Advances in immunotherapy modalities for atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis is now understood to be a long-term immune-mediated inflammatory condition brought on by a complicated chain of factors, including endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposits in the artery wall, and monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration, in which both innate immunity and adaptive immunity play an indispensable role. Recent studies have shown that atherosclerosis can be alleviated by inducing a protective immune response through certain auto-antigens or exogenous antigens. Some clinical trials have also demonstrated that atherosclerotic is associated with the presence of immune cells and immune factors in the body. Therefore, immunotherapy is expected to be a new preventive and curative measure for atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a summary overview of recent progress in the research of immune mechanisms of atherosclerosis and targeted therapeutic pathways.
Long-term memory, synaptic plasticity and dopamine in rodent medial prefrontal cortex: Role in executive functions

Mnemonic functions, supporting rodent behavior in complex tasks, include both long-term and (short-term) working memory components. While working memory is thought to rely on persistent activity states in an active neural network, long-term memory and synaptic plasticity contribute to the formation of the underlying synaptic structure, determining the range of possible states. Whereas, the implication of working memory in executive functions, mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in primates and rodents, has been extensively studied, the contribution of long-term memory component to these tasks received little attention. This review summarizes available experimental data and theoretical work concerning cellular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the medial region of rodent PFC and the link between plasticity, memory and behavior in PFC-dependent tasks. A special attention is devoted to unique properties of dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal synaptic plasticity and its contribution to executive functions.
Methods for measuring egocentric distance perception in visual modality

Egocentric distance perception has been widely concerned by researchers in the field of spatial perception due to its significance in daily life. The frame of perception involves the perceived distance from an observer to an object. Over the years, researchers have been searching for an optimal way to measure the perceived distance and their contribution constitutes a critical aspect of the field. This paper summarizes the methodological findings and divides the measurement methods for egocentric distance perception into three categories according to the behavior types. The first is Perceptional Method, including successive equal-appearing intervals of distance judgment measurement, verbal report, and perceptual distance matching task. The second is Directed Action Method, including blind walking, blind-walking gesturing, blindfolded throwing, and blind rope pulling. The last one is Indirect Action Method, including triangulation-by-pointing and triangulation-by-walking. In the meantime, we summarize each method’s procedure, core logic, scope of application, advantages, and disadvantages. In the end, we discuss the future concerns of egocentric distance perception.