Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic structure factor of one-dimensional lattice bosons in a disordered potential: a spectral fingerprint of the Bose-glass phase

We study the dynamic structure factor of a one-dimensional Bose gas confined in an optical lattice and modeled by the Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian, using a variety of numerical and analytical approaches. The dynamic structure factor, experimentally measurable by Bragg spectroscopy, is studied in three relevant cases: in the clean regime, featuring either a superfluid or a Mott phase; and in the presence of two types of (quasi-)disordered external potentials: a quasi-periodic potential obtained from a bichromatic superlattice and a random box disorder—both featuring a Bose-glass phase. In the clean case, we show the emergence of a gapped doublon mode (corresponding to a repulsively bound state) for incommensurate filling, well separated from the low-energy acoustic mode. In the disordered case, we show that the dynamic structure factor provides direct insight into the spatial structure of the excitations, unveiling their localized nature, which represents a fundamental signature of the Bose-glass phase. Furthermore, it provides a clear fingerprint of the very nature of the localization mechanism which differs for the two kinds of disorder potentials we consider. In special cases, the dynamic structure factor may provide an estimate of the position of the localization transition from superfluid to Bose glass, in a complementary manner to the information deduced from the momentum distribution.
Prevalence of Malnutrition in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Objectives: This systematic review analyzed the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Study design: a systematic review. Method: Four databases—Cochrane, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science—were searched from October 2021 to June 2022 by two independent researchers. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients above 18 years old with confirmed Parkinson’s Disease, performed screening nutritional assessment, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies. Patients without Parkinson’s Disease and with other parkinsonian syndromes were excluded. Results: 49 studies were included in this systematic review. Patients ranged in age from 20 to 96 years. There were 5613 subjects included. According to Mini Nutritional Assessment, 23.9% (n = 634) participants were at risk of malnutrition and 11.1% (n = 294) were malnourished. According to BMI score, most patients were either obese or overweight. Conclusions: the prevalence of malnutrition or risk of malnutrition in the study group was significant. Therefore, more specific and detailed studies on the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with Parkinson’s Disease are needed.
Thresholds in frequency estimation

It is well known that frequency estimation exhibits a threshold effect: as the SNR dips below a certain value (while the number of data points remains fixed) the estimate's variance increases rapidly, and the Cramer-Rao bound is no longer attainable. In this paper, a simple, explicit formula for this threshold will be derived, for the case of a single complex sinusoid in white Gaussian noise. Since the presence of multiple frequencies raises this threshold, the formula serves as a lower bound for more complex problems. Because of the duality between time series and sensor arrays, the threshold is also applicable to angle of arrival estimation of a plane wave. Frequency estimation thresholds have been studied for some time. For instance, in Van Trees classic textbook, "Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory", plots of SNR versus estimation variance are shown which exhibit obvious thresholding behavior. Previous studies, however, lack formulas for the threshold locations. The case to which the formula applies (one complex sinusoid) is clearly the simplest to analyze. Unfortunately, more complex signal scenarios (such as one or more real sinusoids) are more commonplace. The methodology employed in deriving our formula is sufficiently flexible so as to suggest that similar thresholds are attainable for more complex signals.
X-ray selected starbursts in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North

We investigate claims that recent ultra-deep X-ray surveys are detecting starbursts at cosmologically interesting redshifts (z = 0‐1). We combine X-ray data from the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North and multiwavelength observations obtained as part of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)-North to build the Spectral Energy Distributions (UV, optical, infrared) of X-ray sources in this field. These are fit with model templates providing an estimate of the total infrared luminosity (3‐1000 μm) of each source. We then exploit the tight correlation between infrared and X-ray luminosities for star-forming galaxies, established in the local Universe, to select sources that are dominated by star formation rather than supermassive black hole accretion. This approach is efficient in discriminating normal galaxies from active galactic nuclei (AGN) over a wide range of star formation rates, from quiescent systems to starbursts. The above methodology results in a sample of 45 X-ray selected star-forming systems at a median redshift z ≈ 0.5, the majority of which (60 per cent) are either luminous or ultraluminous infrared galaxies. This sample is least affected by incompleteness and residual AGN contamination and is therefore well suited for cosmological studies. We quantify the X-ray evolution of these sources by constructing their differential X-ray counts, dN/dS, and comparing them with evolving luminosity function models. The results are consistent with luminosity evolution of the form (1 + z) p with p ≈ 2.4. This is similar to the evolution rate of star-forming galaxies selected at other wavelengths, suggesting that the deep X-ray surveys, like the Chandra Deep Field-North, are indeed finding the starburst galaxy population that drives the rapid evolution of the global star formation rate density in the range z ≈ 0‐1. Our analysis also reveals a separate population of infrared-faint X-ray sources at moderate z. These include old galaxies but also systems that are X-ray luminous for their stellar mass compared to local ellipticals. We argue that these may be post-starbursts that will, over time, become fainter at X-ray wavelengths and will eventually evolve into early-type systems (i.e. E/S0).
Introduction to the theory of black hole accretion discs

This review differs very much from other reviews on the subject. Instead of giving a detailed picture of accretion that follows from microscopic properties of matter (“dirty astrophysics”) I summarize a few fundamental principles on which the theory of black hole accretion disks rests. I stress that although the detailed properties of accretion disks models of course depend very much on dirty astrophysics, the phenomenon of black hole accretion disks is very simple indeed.
A 3D image mosaicing system using the factorization method

Recovering the 3D structure of a dynamic scene from an image sequence is one of the most exciting and extensively studied issues in computer vision. The authors present a shape recovery system based on the factorization method which is able to determine the 3D shape of selected feature points. The algorithm is able to maintain shape representation in a recursive way, even when parts of the objects are occluded or leave the field of view.
Neutron Activation Cross-Section Measurements from 16 to 20 MeV for Isotopes of F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Nb, Sn, and Ba

Abstract Cross sections have been measured with the activation technique at various neutron energies in the range of 16.0 to 20.5 MeV for the following 22 reactions: 19F(n,p)19O, 23Na(n,p)23Ne, 23Na(n,α)20F, 25Mg(n,p)25Na, 27Al(n,p)27Mg, 28Si(n,p)28Al, 29Si(n,p)29Al, 29Si(n, np + pn + d)28Al, 31P(n,α)28Al, 35Cl(n,2n)34mCl, 37Cl(n,p)37S, 46Ti(n,p)46mSc, 50Ti(n,p)50g+mSc, 51V(n,p)51Ti, 55Mn(n,α)52V, 56Fe(n,p)56Mn, 57Fe(n, np + pn + d)56Mn, 57Fe(n,p)57Mn, 93Nb(n,α)90mY, 93Nb(n,2n)92mNb, 119Sn(n,p)119gIn, and 138Ba(n,2n)137mBa. The half-lives for the reaction products range from 11 s to 10.15 days. Quasi-monoenergetic neutrons were produced via the 3H(d, n)4He reaction. In some cases isotopically enriched materials were used to enhance the reaction yield or to facilitate correction for interfering reactions leading to the same product. The gamma rays emitted from the irradiated samples were measured with a high-purity germanium detector. A pneumatic sample transport system was used to limit the decay of the radioactive products between neutron irradiation and gamma-ray counting. All cross sections were obtained as ratios to the standard reaction 27Al(n,α)24Na, using as secondary neutron fluence references the 27Al(n,p)27Mg reaction as well as a calibrated Bonner sphere. Corrections have been applied for sample-irradiation and counting environment geometric effects, neutron absorption and multiple scattering, time variation of neutron-source strength, neutron-source angular distributions, secondary neutrons from the target, gamma-ray absorption, and gamma-ray sum coincidences. A detailed analysis of the uncertainty sources was performed. The present results are compared with other measurements and evaluated data. For seven reactions, measured cross sections have been obtained for the first time beyond 15 MeV. These new data help appreciably to resolve discrepancies in evaluated data files.
Growth Characteristics of Long-Nosed Skate Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758) Inhabiting the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea

Simple Summary Skates and rays generally have low fecundity, delayed maturation age and slow growth rates. These life history traits make them very vulnerable to commercial fisheries’ activities, although they are not usually target species. Understanding age and growth is important for stock assessment of the long-nose skate. We believe that determining these can be the first step toward correct management actions. Little is known about the growth characteristics of the long-nose skate in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Our study aimed at comparing three different growth models (the von Bertalanffy, the Robertson (logistic), and Gompertz) and also the absolute and relative growth characteristics of this species. Our results show that the relationship between the age of the long-nose skate and its total length is adequately explained by the Robertson (logistic) growth model, with the Gompertz growth model being the second best. Abstract This study aims to determine the age and growth characteristics of Dipturus oxyrinchus living in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea and to present data that can provide a comparison with previous studies on the same subject. A total of 255 long-nose skates at a total length of 12.2–93.5 cm and weight of 8.34–3828 g were collected as non-target species from a commercial fishing boat. The male−female ratio was determined as 1:1.27. Using the von Bertalanffy equation and the Gompertz or logistic growth models, the growth parameters of Dipturus oxyrinchus were estimated as L∞ = 154.0, K = 0.064, t0 = −1.622; L∞ = 104.0, K = 0.35, I = 4.99; L∞ = 128.40, K = 0.19, I = 4.39 for all individuals, respectively. Maximum absolute growth was calculated as 9.33 cm at 5–6 years of age. Maximum relative growth at 1–2 years of age was estimated as 36.39%. Both absolute and relative growth were minimal in the 11–12 age group. The highest condition factor value was estimated as 0.416 in the 8-year-old group. As a result, the growth data of long-nose skates were obtained for the first time in the Northeastern Mediterranean Sea.
Differentials on quotients of algebraic varieties

The relations between differentials invariant with respect to a finite group acting on a variety and the differentials on the quotient variety are studied. If the quotient map is unramified in codimension 1 we have an isomorphism for Zariski differentials, but not in general for Kahler differentials. Necessary and sufficient conditions for isomorphism of the Zariski differentials are given when the finite group acts linearly. Examples illustrate the scope of the theorems and some open problems. Introduction. This paper is devoted to discussing differentials on quotients of algebraic varieties by finite group actions. If X is a quasi-projective variety over a field k and G is a finite group of k-automorphisms of X, then the orbit space X/G is a quasi-projective variety and the quotient map 77: X X/G is integral and of finite type. Varieties of the form X/G have been frequently though not systematically discussed in the literature. For example, see Serre's Groupes algebriques [9, III.121. Of particular interest are symmetric products of a variety Y (here X YT and G is the r-fold symmetric group acting by permuting the factors), which have been discussed, for example, by Mattuck ([51[71). Moreover Briney [1i has shown that on varieties of the form X/G with X nonsingular there is a "good" intersection theory with rational coefficients. In connection with both symmetric products and intersection theory it is desirable to have detailed information about the relation between differentials on X/G and invariant differentials on X. Some information in that direction is obtained here. We begin, in Chapter I, with some elementary properties of Zariski differentials. There are two novelties-we introduce and work with the sheaf of Zariski differentials, and we prove the (well-known? ) result that the sheaf of Zariski differentials is the double dual of the sheaf of Kahler differentials. Chapter II is devoted to showing that if the quotient map is tamely ramified in codimension 1, then the module of G-invariant Zariski differentials on X is isomorphic to the module of Zariski differentials on X/G. This, combined with other results about Zariski differentials, allows us to give examples showing that no such results hold for Kahler differentials. Received by the editors October 25, 1971. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 14F110.
Pyogenic Liver Abscess: Contemporary Trends in a Tertiary Institute

Background Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition. In recent years, advances in diagnostics and management have led to early diagnosis and treatment and decreased mortality. We present recent data from a large series of patients with PLA and examine the trends in the management of PLA over a period of 50 years. Methods The medical records of all patients admitted to the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Israel, between January 2011 and December 2021 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of PLA were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Ninety-five patients with PLA were identified. Thirty-eight (40%) were female. The median patient age was 66 years (range 18–93). The diagnosis of PLA in all patients was confirmed with abdominal computed tomography (CT). In twenty patients (21.1%), PLA was not diagnosed by the initial abdominal US. Most abscesses were right-sided. Biliary tract origin was the most common underlying cause of PLA (n = 57, 60%), followed by cryptogenic etiology (n = 28, 30%). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus species were most commonly identified. The most common primary treatment modality was percutaneous drainage (PD), which was performed in 81 patients (85.3%). Fourteen patients (14.7%) were treated medically without intervention, and two patients (2.1%) were treated surgically following a failure of PD. Four patients died as a direct result of PLA. Conclusions Patients diagnosed with PLA are older, the male predominance is less pronounced, and the offending pathogens are likely to originate from the biliary tract. This study questions the utility of abdominal US as the initial diagnostic imaging in patients with suspected PLA (versus CT) and demonstrates improved outcomes for patients with PLA over the years.
Tax incentives, bequest motives, and the demand for life insurance: evidence from a natural experiment in Germany*

Abstract This paper studies the role of taxation and bequest motives in households’ demand for life insurance. We develop a stylized three-period life cycle model of life insurance demand and test its predictions regarding tax changes and bequests motives. An unexpected halving of the tax exemption limit for interest and dividend income in Germany allows us to identify the impact of changes in taxation on the demand for life insurance in a difference-in-differences setting. In line with our theoretical predictions, we document that ownership of life insurance products increased significantly among households affected by the reform. We also find some evidence of a more pronounced response among households with stronger bequest motives.
A Study of Students’ Self-Efficacy in Mathematics Performance Based on Bugis Ethnicity and Gender

The study on mathematical performance was significant enough to be studied further to measure students' self-efficacy. Although studies on student self-efficacy in math performance from a gender perspective were abundant, studies on this relationship from the perspectives of ethnic culture and gender were scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the self-efficacy of Bugis Junior High School students in solving math problems based on gender. The researchers used an algebra problem in the context of the Bugis ethnic culture. For this data set, two of 25 students at a public junior high school in Bone, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, were interviewed based on ethnicity and gender. Qualitatively, the triangulation technique was employed for data analysis. The study results revealed that male students outperformed girls in terms of self-efficacy, namely magnitude, strength, and generality, in math performance. Furthermore, female students had lower self-efficacy in terms of confidence, supportive experience in completing math tasks, and confidence in their ability to complete math tasks in similar or different contexts, compared to male students, who had higher self-efficacy. This result provided new knowledge by exploring the characteristics of students' self-efficacy by integrating ethnicity and gender.
Harnessing the Power of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells in Cancer Cell Therapy

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a burgeoning type of the innate-like T cells, play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis, particularly in host defense. Although many studies have implied the use of MAIT cells in tumor immunity, whether MAIT cells are pro-tumor or anti-tumor has remained elusive, as in the case for other innate-like T cells that possess dichotomous roles in tumor immunity. Although this difficulty persists where endogenous MAIT cells are the target for therapeutic intervention, the advent of induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived MAIT cells (reMAIT cells) will make it possible to harness these cells for immune cell therapy. In this review, we will discuss possible roles of MAIT cells in tumor immunity and the potential of reMAIT cells to treat tumors.
Cusp development in free boundaries, and two-dimensional slow viscous flows

We consider a family of problems involving two-dimensional Stokes flows with a time dependent free boundary for which exact analytic solutions can be found; the fluid initially occupies some bounded, simply-connected domain and is withdrawn from a fixed point within that domain. If we suppose there to be no surface tension acting, we find that cusps develop in the free surface before all the fluid has been extracted, and the mathematical solution ceases to be physically relevant after these have appeared. However, if we include a non-zero surface tension in the theory, no matter how small this may be, the cusp development is inhibited and the solution allows all the fluid to be removed.
Plasmonic Modes and Fluorescence Enhancement Coupling Mechanism: A Case with a Nanostructured Grating

The recent development and technological improvement in dealing with plasmonic metasurfaces has triggered a series of interesting applications related to sensing challenges. Fluorescence has been one of the most studied tools within such a context. With this in mind, we used some well characterized structures supporting plasmonic resonances to study their influence on the emission efficiency of a fluorophore. An extended optical analysis and a complementary investigation through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations have been combined to understand the coupling mechanism between the excitation of plasmonic modes and the fluorescence absorption and emission processes. The results provide evidence of the spectral shape dependence of fluorescence on the plasmonic field distribution together with a further relationship connected with the enhancement of its signal. It has made evident that the spectral region characterized by the largest relative enhancement closely corresponds to the strongest signatures of the plasmonic modes, as described by both the optical measurements and the FDTD findings.
Existence of nonconstant stable equilibria in competition-diffusion equations

κ(0, x ) > 0 , u( xeΩ, where A is the Laplace operator, Ω a bounded domain in R + , u and v the population densities of the two competing species. The constants au and av are the intrinsic growth rates, bu, cv and bv, cu the coefficients of intraspecific and interspecific competition, respectively, du and dv the diffusion rates. We assume that all these constants are positive. By a suitable normalization, we can rewrite (1.1) as
Occupational inhalable agents constitute major risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis, particularly in the context of genetic predisposition and smoking

Objectives To assess the effects of occupational inhalable exposures on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development and their interactions with smoking and RA-risk genes, stratifying by presence of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Methods Data came from the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of RA, consisting of 4033 incident RA cases and 6485 matched controls. Occupational histories were retrieved, combining with a Swedish national job-exposure matrix, to estimate exposure to 32 inhalable agents. Genetic data were used to define Genetic Risk Score (GRS) or carrying any copy of human leucocyte antigen class II shared epitope (HLA-SE) alleles. Associations were identified with unconditional logistical regression models. Attributable proportion due to interaction was estimated to evaluate presence of interaction. Results Exposure to any occupational inhalable agents was associated with increased risk for ACPA-positive RA (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.38). The risk increased as number of exposed agents increased (Ptrend<0.001) or duration of exposure elongated (Ptrend<0.001). When jointly considering exposure to any occupational inhalable agents, smoking and high GRS, a markedly elevated risk for ACPA-positive RA was observed among the triple-exposed group compared with those not exposed to any (OR 18.22, 95% CI 11.77 to 28.19). Significant interactions were found between occupational inhalable agents and smoking/genetic factors (high GRS or HLA-SE) in ACPA-positive RA. Conclusions Occupational inhalable agents could act as important environmental triggers in RA development and interact with smoking and RA-risk genes leading to excessive risk for ACPA-positive RA. Future studies are warranted to assess preventive strategies aimed at reducing occupational hazards and smoking, especially among those who are genetically vulnerable.