Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asset Pricing Tests with Long Run Risks in Consumption Growth

The Bansal and Yaron (2004) model of long run risks (LLR) in aggregate consumption and dividend growth and its extension that captures potential cointegration of the consumption and dividend levels, are tested on a cross-section of asset classes and rejected using annual data over the period 1930-2006 and using both annual and quarterly data over the post-war period. The reversal of earlier empirical conclusions is partly due to the increase in the power of the tests resulting from two observations under the null. First, the latent state variables and, therefore, the pricing kernel are known a¢ ne functions of observables such as the interest rate and the market-wide price-dividend ratio. Second, the parameters of the time-series processes of consumption and dividend growth, the LLR variable, and its conditional variance impose constraints on the parameters of the pricing kernel. The value of the persistence parameter of the LRR variable that best ts the data implies that its half-life is shorter than that of the business cycle. Keywords: Long Run Risks, Equity Premium, Cross-Section of Asset Returns, Cointegration, Latent State Variables. JEL classi cation: G12, E44 We thank John Campbell, Eugene Fama, Lars Hansen, Christian Julliard, Oliver Linton, Sydney Ludvigson, Lubos Pastor, Annette Vissing-Jorgensen, and, in particular, John Cochrane for helpful comments. We remain responsible for errors and omissions. Constantinides acknowledges nancial support from the Center for Research in Securities Prices of the University of Chicago. Ghosh acknowledges nancial support from the London School of Economics. yGraduate School of Business, University of Chicago and NBER, email: gmc@chicagogsb.edu zDepartment of Economics, London School of Economics, e-mail: a.ghosh@lse.ac. uk
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There is limited evidence that highlights female sex workers’ (FSWs) agency in negotiating HIV risk in the context of multiple sexual relationships. Using a Gendered Vulnerability framework, this study employed a phenomenological approach to explore the FSWs’ active navigation of concurrent sexual relationships and their perceptions and assessments of HIV risk and sexual negotiation. Sixty (60) FSWs participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. ATLAS.ti provided an interpretive framework for data analysis. Findings revealed that FSWs navigate a complex landscape of multiple sexual relationships that influenced their condom use decisions. Despite possessing accurate HIV knowledge, FSWs in this study indicated that multiple circumstances (e.g., economic constraints, damaging gender norms, merely paying transactional relationships with some clients, emotional attachments with others, gender-role bound relationships, and instances of sexual victimization) influenced their perceptions of power and their desires and perceived capacities for HIV risk and prevention decisions. A nuanced understanding of FSWs’ concurrent fluid relationships and the cultural contexts in which Indian FSWs work are vital when planning programs and policies for HIV prevention.
Cognitive effects of one season of head impacts in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes

Objective: To determine whether exposure to repetitive head impacts over a single season negatively affects cognitive performance in collegiate contact sport athletes. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study at 3 Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association athletic programs. Participants were 214 Division I college varsity football and ice hockey players who wore instrumented helmets that recorded the acceleration-time history of the head following impact, and 45 noncontact sport athletes. All athletes were assessed prior to and shortly after the season with a cognitive screening battery (ImPACT) and a subgroup of athletes also were assessed with 7 measures from a neuropsychological test battery. Results: Few cognitive differences were found between the athlete groups at the preseason or postseason assessments. However, a higher percentage of the contact sport athletes performed more poorly than predicted postseason on a measure of new learning (California Verbal Learning Test) compared to the noncontact athletes (24% vs 3.6%; p < 0.006). On 2 postseason cognitive measures (ImPACT Reaction Time and Trails 4/B), poorer performance was significantly associated with higher scores on several head impact exposure metrics. Conclusion: Repetitive head impacts over the course of a single season may negatively impact learning in some collegiate athletes. Further work is needed to assess whether such effects are short term or persistent.
Nurse species facilitate persistence of dry forests in agricultural landscapes in Uruguay

Questions: Park forests are shaped by extensive cattle ranching in the transition be-tween natural riverine forests and open grasslands. The underlying mechanisms driv - ing tree regeneration have not been studied, however, they determine biodiversity, sustainability and multifunctionality of these ecosystems. We explored patterns of tree regeneration by analyzing nurse– beneficiary interactions and tree community composition. Location: Park forests within the departments of Rio Negro, Paysandú, Artigas and
Porosity and effective stress relationships in mudrocks

It has generally been assumed that porosity reduction during mechanical compaction of a sediment is controlled by the increase in vertical effective stress. But the theory of mechanical compaction shows that it is the mean effective stress which controls porosity reduction. According to published data, horizontal stresses increase with overpressure, as well as with depth, so mean stress and vertical stress profiles are poorly correlated in overpressured sections. In this study, a new methodology was developed whereby mudrock pore pressures were estimated principally by comparison of void ratios calculated from wireline log response with hydrostatic mean effective stress (the mean effective stress assuming the pore pressure is hydrostatic). These pressure estimates in the low permeability units were compared to the direct measurements in the aquifer units and an interpretation is made as to the origin of the excess pressure. The results of analysis of seven wells from SE Asia are presented including one study where seismic velocity analysis and basin modelling were performed to assess the pore pressure. The main conclusions of the study are: The proposed new methodology for estimating shale pore pressure from void ratio and mean effective stress analysis appears to be more consistent with the data and represents an improvement on previous methodologies using porosity and vertical effective stress or depth. Analysis of the mudrocks in this study indicates that the shales often appear to have significantly higher pressures than the adjacent aquifer units. The results of using mean (as opposed to vertical) effective stress analysis indicates that the pressure profiles in the wells studied, the profiles disequilibrium compaction can account for all or nearly all of the encountered overpressures. Evidence has been found for significant overpressure generated by fluid expansion in one of the seven wells studied. « Further work to refine the Breckels and Van Eekelen (1982) relationship between overpressure and horizontal stress is proposed to improve the accuracy of the methodology used in this study.
Supporting the generation of argument structure within video sequences

Browsing is a useful way of exploring annotated media repositories. Sets of links can be automatically created from the annotations associated with the media items in the repository. When there are also relationships among the annotations themselves, such as when the annotation terms are part of a thesaurus, these relations can also be used in the link generation process. Using structured annotations and a thesaurus for generating link sets has two advantages. The first is to evaluate the effectiveness of the terms in the thesaurus for classifying the media items in the repository. The second is to be able to control the links being generated by changing relationships within the thesaurus. The work is illustrated using video segments annotated with argument structures, but we show that the method used is independent of the media types and applicable to systems that use similar annotation structures and typed relations among them. 1998 ACM Computing Classification System: H.5. 4; I.7. 2
Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in early dementia and mild cognitive impairment (PrAISED): A randomised controlled trial

Background: Dementia is associated with frailty leading to increased risks of falls and hospitalisations. Interventions are required to maintain functional ability, strength and balance. Design: Multi-centre parallel group randomised controlled trial, with embedded process evaluation. Procedures were adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: People with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), living at home, and a family member or carer. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of an exercise and functional activity therapy intervention compared to usual care. Intervention: A specially-designed dementia-specific rehabilitation programme focussing on strength, balance, physical activity and performance of ADL, which was tailored, progressive, addressed risk and the psychological and learning needs of people with dementia, providing up to 50 therapy sessions over 12 months. The control group received usual care plus a falls risk assessment. Main outcome measure: The primary outcome was the informant-reported Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) 12 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes were: self-reported ADL, cognition, physical activity, quality of life, frailty, balance, functional mobility, fear of falling, mood, carer strain and service use (at 12 months) and falls (between months 4 and 15). Results: 365 people were randomised, 183 to intervention and 182 to control. Median age of participants was 80 years (range 65-95), median Montreal Cognitive Assessment score 20/30 (range 13-26), 58% were men. Participants received a median of 31 (IQR = 22-40) therapy sessions out of a possible maximum of 50. Participants reported completing a mean 121 minutes/week of PrAISED activity outside of supervised sessions. Primary outcome data were available for 149 (intervention) and 141 (control) participants. There was no difference in DAD scores between groups: adjusted mean difference -1.3/100, 95% Confidence Interval (-5.2 to +2.6); Cohens d effect size -0.06 (-0.26 to +0.15); p=0.5. Upper 95% confidence intervals excluded small to moderate effects on any of the range of secondary outcome measures. Between months 4 and 15 there were 79 falls in the intervention group and 200 falls in the control group, adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.78 (0.5 to 1.3); p= 0.3. Conclusion: The intensive PrAISED programme of exercise and functional activity training did not improve ADLs, physical activity, quality of life, reduce falls or improve any other secondary health status outcomes even though uptake was good. Future research should consider alternative approaches to risk reduction and ability maintenance. Trial registration: ISRCTN15320670. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research
Delinquency and Acculturation in the Twenty-First Century: A Decade's Change in a Vietnamese American Community

Our studies of Vietnamese youth in an ethnic enclave in New Orleans during the mid1990’s showed a growing trend of “bifurcation,” a situation in which youth were diverging in two distinct directions—valedictorian (or achiever) versus delinquent. As predicted by the segmented assimilation theory, we found that Vietnamese youth with close connections to their ethnic community through their families were likely to concentrate on upward social mobility through education and that they were able to do so because of the support, control, and direction that they received from their ethnic community. In contrast, those with weak connections to their families and the ethnic community, or whose families were detached from the ethnic community, were likely to develop Vietnamese variations of an oppositional youth subculture and thus became delinquent “outsiders. ” Our survey data, face-to-face interviews, and field observations all provided substantial empirical support for this bifurcation argument. Has bifurcation continued to perpetuate itself among the children of Vietnamese? In this chapter, we examine current behavioral and attitudinal trends among Vietnamese youth, using recently gathered data from the same Vietnamese enclave in New Orleans that we studied nearly ten years ago. This recent cohort of Vietnamese adolescents is mostly U.S. born and is growing up in an ethnic context quite different from the older cohort of the mid-1990s. We find that
THE PACHYCEPHALOSAURID DINOSAUR STEGOCERAS VALIDUM FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS FRUITLAND FORMATION, SAN JUAN BASIN, NEW MEXICO

A frontoparietal of the well-known pachycephalosaurid dinosaur Stegoceras validum is documented and described from the upper Fruitland Formation (Fossil Forest Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. This is the first bona-fide record of this taxon outside of Alberta, Canada. Its presence in the upper Fruitland Formation extends the temporal range of S. validum from the late Judithian to early Kirtlandian. The broad geographic distribution of S. validum (Alberta-New Mexico) contradicts the idea of dinosaur endemism or provincialism in the Western Interior during the Late Cretaceous.
Essays on geography and diseases

This dissertation explores how diseases contributed to shape historical institutions and how health and diseases are still affecting modern comparative development. The overarching goal of this investigation is to identify the channels linking geographic suitability to diseases and the emergence of historical and modern insitutions, while tackling the endogenenity problems that traditionally undermine this literature. I attempt to do so by taking advantage of the vast amount of newly available historical data and of the richness of data accessible through the geographic information system (GIS). The first chapter of my thesis, 'Side Effects of Immunities: The African Slave Trade', proposes and test a novel explanation for the origins of slavery in the tropical regions of the Americas. I argue that Africans were especially attractive for employment in tropical areas because they were immune to many of the diseases that were ravaging those regions. In particular, Africans' resistance to malaria increased the profitability of slaves coming from the most malarial parts of Africa. In the second chapter of my thesis, 'Caste Systems and Technology in Pre-Modern Societies', I advance and test the hypothesis that caste systems, generally viewed as a hindrance to social mobility and development, had been comparatively advantageous at an early stage of economic development. In the third chapter, 'Malaria as Determinant of Modern Ethnolinguistic Diversity', I conjecture that in highly malarious areas the necessity to adapt and develop immunities specific to the local disease environment historically reduced mobility and increased isolation, thus leading to the formation of a higher number of different ethnolinguistic groups. In the final chapter, 'Malaria Risk and Civil Violence: A Disaggregated Analysis for Africa', I explore the relationship between malaria and violent conflicts. Using georeferenced data for Africa, the article shows that violent events are more frequent in areas where malaria risk is higher.
A dual model of product involvement for effective virtual reality

Virtual reality (VR) is a domain of increasing interest to marketers as this technology provides significant opportunities for engagement and consumer responses. However, to date, the field lacks a cohesive description of available VR technologies, especially in the marketing domain, and needs a guide for effective VR based on consumer product involvement. Therefore, we first outline a typology of VR based on different levels of product involvement delineating how brands might implement VR. Second, after conducting a comprehensive literature review, we propose a dual model of product involvement for VR strategies. High product involvement situations operate through the imagination, co-creation, and telepresence, directly influencing consumer responses. Meanwhile, low involvement contexts operate through the less cognitively taxing process of interactivity, leading to brand engagement and indirectly influencing consumer responses. This work includes nine propositions that outline elements of effective strategies in each route and offers several implications for theory and practice.
Journal Pre-proof Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) versus 10-Hz high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to alleviate treatment-resistant unipolar depression: A randomized controlled trial (THETA-DEP)

Please cite this article as: Bulteau S, Laurin A, Pere M, Fayet G, Thomas-Ollivier V, Deschamps T, Auffray-Calvier E, Bukowski N, Vanelle J-M, Sébille Vé, Sauvaget A, Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) versus 10-Hz high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to alleviate treatment-resistant unipolar depression: A randomized controlled trial (THETA-DEP), Brain Stimulation (2022), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs. 2022.05. 011.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Let’s not forget

The analysis of data collected from the interaction of users with educational and information technology has attracted much attention as a promising approach for advancing our understanding of the learning process. This promise motivated the emergence of the new research field, learning analytics, and its closely related discipline, educational data mining. This paper first introduces the field of learning analytics and outlines the lessons learned from well ‐ known case studies in the research literature. The paper then identifies the critical topics that require immediate research attention for learning analytics to make a sustainable impact on the research and practice of learning and teaching. The paper concludes by discussing a growing set of issues that if unaddressed, could impede the future maturation of the field. The paper stresses that learning analytics are about learning. As such, the computational aspects of learning analytics must be well integrated within the existing educational research.
Grids of stellar models with rotation

Context. Grids of stellar models, computed with the same physical ingredients, allow one to study the impact of a given physics on a broad range of initial conditions and they are a key ingredient for modeling the evolution of galaxies. Aims. We present here a grid of single star models for masses between 0.8 and 120 M⊙, with and without rotation for a mass fraction of heavy element Z = 0.006, representative of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Methods. We used the GENeva stellar Evolution Code. The evolution was computed until the end of the central carbon-burning phase, the early asymptotic giant branch phase, or the core helium-flash for massive, intermediate, and low mass stars, respectively. Results. The outputs of the present stellar models are well framed by the outputs of the two grids obtained by our group for metallicities above and below the one considered here. The models of the present work provide a good fit to the nitrogen surface enrichments observed during the main sequence for stars in the LMC with initial masses around 15 M⊙. They also reproduce the slope of the luminosity function of red supergiants of the LMC well, which is a feature that is sensitive to the time-averaged mass loss rate over the red supergiant phase. The most massive black hole that can be formed from the present models at Z = 0.006 is around 55 M⊙. No model in the range of mass considered will enter into the pair-instability supernova regime, while the minimal mass to enter the region of pair pulsation instability is around 60 M⊙ for the rotating models and 85 M⊙ for the nonrotating ones. Conclusions. The present models are of particular interest for comparisons with observations in the LMC and also in the outer regions of the Milky Way. We provide public access to numerical tables that can be used for computing interpolated tracks and for population synthesis studies.
E fEtividadE dE difErEntEs métodos para dEtEcção dE binge drinking Em EstudantEs dE o dontologia

The purpose of this study was to estimate the alcoholic beverage consumption among undergraduate students of a Dentistry Course and compare the effectiveness of screening methods for the detection of binge drinking. A total of 284 undergraduate students participated in the research. We used the full AUDIT and their reduced forms (AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C). In addition, a ROC curve was created and its area was calculated. Of the students, 91.0% and 90.6% of the male and female genders, respectively, reported alcohol beverage consumption. Bing-drinking behavior occurred in 69.2% of the men and in 52.4% of the women. The 3 methods showed good discriminatory ability. For the women, there was a significant difference between the AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C. Both the complete version of AUDIT and its reduced forms presented good discriminatory ability.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with a sustained-release ganciclovir implant. The Ganciclovir Implant Study Group.

BACKGROUND Sustained-release, intraocular implants that deliver ganciclovir are an alternative method for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS We conducted a randomized study of 188 patients with AIDS and newly diagnosed cytomegalovirus retinitis. The patients were randomly assigned to treatment with an implant delivering 1 microg of ganciclovir per hour, an implant delivering 2 microg of ganciclovir per hour, or intravenous ganciclovir. The primary outcome we studied was progression of cytomegalovirus retinitis. RESULTS The median time to progression of retinitis was 221 days with the 1-microg-per-hour implant (75 eyes), 191 days with the 2-microg-per-hour implant (71 eyes), and 71 days with ganciclovir administered intravenously (76 eyes; P<0.001). The risk of progression of retinitis was almost three times as great among patients treated with intravenous ganciclovir as among those treated with a ganciclovir implant (risk ratio, 2.8; P<0.001). However, the risk of disease in the initially uninvolved eye was lower with intravenous ganciclovir than with a ganciclovir implant (risk ratio, 0.5; P=0.19). Patients treated with intravenous ganciclovir were also less likely to have extraocular cytomegalovirus infections (0, vs. 10.3 percent in the two implant groups; P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis, the sustained-release ganciclovir implant is more effective than intravenous ganciclovir, but patients treated with a ganciclovir implant alone remain at greater risk for the development of cytomegalovirus disease outside of the treated eye.