Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forming Circumnuclear Disks and Rings in Galactic Nuclei: A Competition Between Supermassive Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster

We investigate the formation of circumnuclear gas structures from the tidal disruption of molecular clouds in galactic nuclei by means of smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulations. We model galactic nuclei as composed of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and a nuclear star cluster (NSC), and consider different mass ratios between the two components. We find that the relative masses of the SMBH and the NSC have a deep impact on the morphology of the circumnuclear gas. Extended disks form only inside the sphere of influence of the SMBH. In contrast, compact rings naturally form outside the SMBH’s sphere of influence, where the gravity is dominated by the NSC. This result is in agreement with the properties of the Milky Ways circumnuclear ring, which orbits outside the SMBH sphere of influence. Our results indicate that compact circumnuclear rings can naturally form outside the SMBH sphere of influence.
SULFIDE SPHERULES IN VESICLES OF DREDGED

virtually all samples of fresh, submarine, piilow basalt dredged from the ocean floor contain spotted vesicles in their outer glassy margins. The spots also occur in vesicles in some drastically quenched lava erupted subaerially. The spots are minute spherules ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 microns in diameter, which are rather evenly spaced at 1 tog microns apart on the vesicle walls. Electron microprobe analyses indicate that the spherules are composed primarily of Fe, S, Cu, and Ni. The spherules apparently form by difiusion of Fe, cu, and Ni from the basalt melt torvard pre-existing vesicles. The vesicles themselves were probably formed by exsolution of a volatile phase deficient in *ater and composed primarily of sulfur and carbon compounds; in pillows of average water content, water is too soluble in basalt melt to exsolve at depths greater than a feu' thousand meters. Reaction of S with Fe, cu, and Ni presumably produced droplets of an immiscible sulfide liquid, which quenched upon continued cooling and formed the spherules on the vesicle walls. A similar mechanism may account for the formation of larger, chemically similar, sulfide globules (up to 0.5 mm in diameter), which have been found in fresh basalt piliows as well as in surface lava flows. They may form at a melt-volatile interface within a subsurface magma reservoir and then be reincorporated into the melt prior to eruption on the surface.
Are fibres in molecular cloud filaments real objects

We analyse the morphology and kinematics of dense filamentary structures produced in a numerical simulation of a star--forming cloud of $1.4 \times 10^4 \, \Msun$ evolving under their own self--gravity in a magnetized medium. This study is motivated by recent observations of velocity--coherent substructures ("fibres") in star-forming filaments. We find such "fibres" ubiquitously in our simulated filament. We found that a fibre in one projection is not necessarily a fibre in another projection, and thus, caution should be taken into account when considering them as real objects. We found that only the densest parts of the filament ($\sim$30\% of the densest volume, which contains $\sim$70\% of the mass) belong to fibres in 2 projections. Moreover, it is quite common that they are formed by separated density enhancements superposed along the line of sight. Observations of fibres can yield insight into the level of turbulent substructure driven by gravity, but care should be taken in interpreting the results given the problem of line of sight superposition. We also studied the morphology and kinematics of the 3D skeleton (spine), finding that subfilaments accrete structured material mainly along the magnetic field lines, which are preferentially perpendicular to the skeleton. The magnetic field is at the same time dragged by the velocity field due to the gravitational collapse.
Constraining dark energy dynamics in extended parameter space

Dynamical dark energy has been recently suggested as a promising and physical way to solve the 3.4 sigma tension on the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ between the direct measurement of Riess et al. (2016) (R16, hereafter) and the indirect constraint from Cosmic Microwave Anisotropies obtained by the Planck satellite under the assumption of a $\Lambda$CDM model. In this paper, by parameterizing dark energy evolution using the $w_0$-$w_a$ approach, and considering a $12$ parameter extended scenario, we find that: a) the tension on the Hubble constant can indeed be solved with dynamical dark energy, b) a cosmological constant is ruled out at more than $95 \%$ c.l. by the Planck+R16 dataset, and c) all of the standard quintessence and half of the "downward going" dark energy model space (characterized by an equation of state that decreases with time) is also excluded at more than $95 \%$ c.l. These results are further confirmed when cosmic shear, CMB lensing, or SN~Ia luminosity distance data are also included. However, tension remains with the BAO dataset. A cosmological constant and small portion of the freezing quintessence models are still in agreement with the Planck+R16+BAO dataset at between 68\% and 95\% c.l. Conversely, for Planck plus a phenomenological $H_0$ prior, both thawing and freezing quintessence models prefer a Hubble constant of less than 70 km/s/Mpc. The general conclusions hold also when considering models with non-zero spatial curvature.
Specific heat at the transition in a superconductor with fluctuating magnetic moments

In the heavy-fermion materials CeCoIn 5 and UBe 1 3 , the superconducting order parameter is coupled to fluctuating magnetization of the uncompensated part of the localized f moments. We find that this coupling decreases the superconducting transition temperature and increases the jump of the specific-heat coefficient, which indicates entropy transfer from the magnetic to the superconducting degree of freedom at the transition temperature. Below the transition, we find that the magnetic fluctuations are suppressed. We discuss the relation of our results to experiments on CeCoIn 5 under pressure.
Cannabis-Based Medicinal Products in the Management of Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD): A Narrative Review and Case Series

Emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) is a common mental health disorder, manifesting with a range of chronic and debilitating symptoms, including impaired social functioning, unstable mood, and risky impulsive or self-injurious behaviour. Whilst the exact aetiology has not been fully elucidated, implicated factors seem to include genetic factors, environmental causes such as trauma, and neurotransmitter deficits. The literature suggests that impaired functioning of the endocannabinoid system in key brain regions responsible for emotional processing and stress response may underlie the manifestation of EUPD symptoms. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2009 guidelines state that “no drugs have established efficacy in treating or managing EUPD”, and yet, patients are commonly prescribed medication which includes antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilisers. Here we present a case series of seven participants diagnosed with EUPD and treated with cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs). Participants were given an initial assessment and followed up one month after CBMPs prescription. Improvement in symptoms was assessed by the completion of ratified rating scales by the participant and psychiatrist. Our results indicate that CBMPs were effective and well tolerated, as six participants reported a noticeable improvement in their symptoms and functioning. Although promising, further research is needed to ascertain the long-term tolerability, efficacy, and dosing strategy for CBMPs in EUPD.
Evaluation of the Quality and Influence of YouTube as a Source of Information on Robotic Myomectomy

Background: We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of YouTube videos for helping patients become informed about robotic myomectomy. Methods: We searched YouTube using “robotic myomectomy” and “Da Vinci myomectomy. ” Videos were sorted by view count, with the 150 most highly viewed videos being selected. From each video, content type, source, view count, video length, time on YouTube, likes, and dislikes were extracted. A scoring system was used to evaluate video quality. Results: The most prevalent content was recordings of actual surgical procedures of robotic myomectomy, and the most common provider was gynecologic surgeons. Videos directly related to robotic myomectomy were mainly provided by medical groups, had been present on YouTube for a significantly longer time (p = 0.003), and had a higher rate of no responses from viewers (p = 0.014) than videos indirectly related to robotic myomectomy. Videos uploaded by nonmedical groups had more likes, more dislikes, and a higher view ratio (p = 0.029, 0.042, and 0.042, respectively). Scores reflecting video quality did not differ between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression revealed that low-quality videos (less than score 5) were significantly correlated with content indirectly related to robotic myomectomy, poor general quality, fewer views, fewer likes, and no response by viewers. Conclusions: Patients who want to get informed about robotic myomectomy on YouTube should exclude low-quality videos according to such parameters as content, views, and response by viewers. In addition, medical groups should provide videos of good quality for instructing patients about this procedure.
WKB method and quantum periods beyond genus one

We extend topological string methods in order to perform WKB approximations for quantum mechanical problems with higher order potentials efficiently. This requires techniques for the evaluation of the relevant quantum periods for Riemann surfaces beyond genus one. The basis of these quantum periods is fixed using the leading behaviour of the classical periods. The full expansion of the quantum periods is obtained using a system of Picard–Fuchs like operators for a sequence of integrals of meromorphic forms of the second kind. Discrete automorphisms of simple higher order potentials allow to view the corresponding higher genus curves as covering of a genus one curve. In this case the quantum periods can be alternatively obtained using the holomorphic anomaly solved in the holomorphic limit within the ring of quasi modular forms of a congruent subgroup of SL as we check for a symmetric sextic potential.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Counteracts the Hypoxic-Induced Inflammatory and Metabolic Alterations in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Background: Hypoxia is caused by the excessive expansion of the white adipose tissue (AT) and is associated with obesity-related conditions such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid reported to have beneficial health effects. However, the effects of DHA in AT against hypoxia-induced immune-metabolic perturbations in adipocytes exposed to low O2 tension are not well known. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of DHA on markers of inflammation, metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cell adipocytes exposed to low O2 tension (1% O2) induced hypoxia. Methods: The apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) rates were evaluated. Metabolic parameters such as lactate, FFA, glycerol release, glucose uptake, and ATP content were assessed by a fluorometer. The expression of HIF-1, GLUT1 and the secretion of adipocytokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and pro-inflammatory markers was evaluated. Results: DHA-treated hypoxic cells showed significantly decreased basal free fatty acid release, lactate production, and enhanced glucose consumption. In addition, DHA-treatment of hypoxic cells caused a significant reduction in the apoptosis rate and ROS production with decreased lipid peroxidation. Moreover, DHA-treatment of hypoxic cells caused a decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, MCP-1) and leptin and increased adiponectin secretion compared with hypoxic cells. Furthermore, DHA-treatment of hypoxic cells caused significant reductions in the expression of genes related to hypoxia (HIF-1, HIF-2), anaerobic metabolism (GLUT1 and Ldha), ATP production (ANT2), and fat metabolism (FASN and PPARY). Conclusion: This study suggests that DHA can exert potential anti-obesity effects by reducing the secretion of inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, lipolysis, and apoptosis.
Constraints on Hořava gravity from binary black hole observations

Ho\v{r}ava gravity breaks Lorentz symmetry by introducing a preferred spacetime foliation, which is defined by a timelike dynamical scalar field, the khronon. The presence of this preferred foliation makes black hole solutions more complicated than in General Relativity, with the appearance of multiple distinct event horizons: a matter horizon for light/matter fields, a spin-0 horizon for the scalar excitations of the khronon, a spin-2 horizon for tensorial gravitational waves, and even, at least in spherical symmetry, a universal horizon for instantaneously propagating modes appearing in the ultraviolet. We study how black hole solutions in Ho\v{r}ava gravity change when the black hole is allowed to move with low velocity relative to the preferred foliation. These slowly moving solutions are a crucial ingredient to compute black hole "sensitivities" and predict gravitational wave emission (and in particular dipolar radiation) from the inspiral of binary black hole systems. We find that for generic values of the theory's three dimensionless coupling constants, slowly moving black holes present curvature singularities at the universal horizon. Singularities at the spin-0 horizon also arise unless one waives the requirement of asymptotic flatness at spatial infinity. Nevertheless, we have verified that at least in a one-dimensional subset of the (three-dimensional) parameter space of the theory's coupling constants, slowly moving black holes are regular everywhere, even though they coincide with the general relativistic ones (thus implying in particular the absence of dipolar gravitational radiation). Remarkably, this subset of the parameter space essentially coincides with the one selected by the recent constraints from GW170817 and by solar system tests.
Strained Bubbles in van der Waals Heterostructures as Local Emitters of Photoluminescence with Adjustable Wavelength

The possibility to tailor photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) using external factors such as strain, doping, and external environment is of significant interest for optoelectronic applications. Strain in particular can be exploited as a means to continuously vary the band gap. Micrometer-scale strain gradients were proposed for creating “artificial atoms” that can utilize the so-called exciton funneling effect and work, for example, as exciton condensers. Here we describe room-temperature PL emitters that naturally occur whenever monolayer TMDC is deposited on an atomically flat substrate. These are hydrocarbon-filled bubbles, which provide predictable, localized PL from well-separated sub-micrometer areas. Their emission energy is determined by the built-in strain controlled only by the substrate material, such that both the maximum strain and the strain profile are universal for all bubbles on a given substrate, i.e., independent of the bubble size. We show that .
A Mars 2020 Perseverance SuperCam Perspective on the Igneous Nature of the Máaz Formation at Jezero Crater and Link With Séítah, Mars

The Máaz formation consists of the first lithologies in Jezero crater analyzed by the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. This formation, investigated from Sols (Martian days) 1 to 201 and from Sols 343 to 382, overlies the Séítah formation (previously described as an olivine‐rich cumulate) and was initially suggested to represent an igneous crater floor unit based on orbital analyses. Using SuperCam data, we conducted a detailed textural, chemical, and mineralogical analyses of the Máaz formation and the Content member of the Séítah formation. We conclude that the Máaz formation and the Content member are igneous and consist of different lava flows and/or possibly pyroclastic flows with complex textures, including vesicular and non‐vesicular rocks with different grain sizes. The Máaz formation rocks exhibit some of the lowest Mg# (=molar 100 × MgO/MgO + FeO) of all Martian igneous rocks analyzed so far (including meteorites and surface rocks) and show similar basaltic to basaltic‐andesitic compositions. Their mineralogy is dominated by Fe‐rich augite to possibly ferrosilite and plagioclase, and minor phases such as Fe‐Ti oxides and Si‐rich phases. They show a broad diversity of both compositions and textures when compared to Martian meteorites and other surface rocks. The different Máaz and Content lava or pyroclastic flows all originate from the same parental magma and/or the same magmatic system, but are not petrogenetically linked to the Séítah formation. The study of returned Máaz samples in Earth‐based laboratories will help constrain the formation of these rocks, calibrate Martian crater counting, and overall, improve our understanding of magmatism on Mars.
A Very Compact Extremely High Velocity Flow toward MMS 5/OMC-3 Revealed with ALMA

Both high- and low-velocity outflows are occasionally observed around a protostar by molecular line emission. The high-velocity component is called “extremely high velocity (EHV) flow, while the low-velocity component is simply referred to as “(molecular) outflow. ” This study reports a newly found EHV flow and outflow around MMS 5 in the Orion Molecular Cloud 3 observed with ALMA. In the observation, CO J = 2–1 emission traces both the EHV flow ( ≃ 50–100 km s−1) and outflow ( ≃ 10–50 km s−1). On the other hand, SiO J = 5–4 emission only traces the EHV flow. The EHV flow is collimated and located at the root of the V-shaped outflow. The CO outflow extends up to ∼14,000 au with a position angle (P.A.) of ∼79°, and the CO redshifted EHV flow extends to ∼11,000 au with a P.A. ∼ 96°. The EHV flow is smaller than the outflow, and the dynamical timescale of the EHV flow is shorter than that of the outflow by a factor of ∼3. The flow driving mechanism is discussed based on the size, timescale, axis difference between the EHV flow and outflow, and periodicity of the knots. Our results are consistent with the nested wind scenario, although the jet entrainment scenario could not completely be ruled out.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PISUM SATIVUM PLANT TO EXOGENOUS ABA APPLICATION UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of using foliar ABA application with different concentrations (50,100 and 150 μg/L) in order to decrease the adverse effect of water-deficit stress. The main parameters of interest were; growth parameters; endogenous phytohormones, proline; pigments contents; number and shape of stomata; minerals concentrations; isozymes; and SDS -PAGE protein profile in Pisum sativum plant at 36 days under drought and ABA treatments. The results showed that ABA reduces the reduction in both fresh and dry weights shoot and root of Pisum induced by drought stress. Proline content was increased in response to drought and ABA treatments. Water-stress caused significant reduction in Chl. a, b, whereas application of ABA significantly increased in total chlorohpyll. Water stress significantly decreased IAA, GA concentrations and increased ABA level in leaves than these of the control. ABA treatment partially overcame the decrease in IAA and GA contents. Water stress and ABA increased the activity of (POD) and (ACP) enzymes in Pisum plants. Proteins profile of Pisum sativum in shoot revealed qualitative and quantitative changes, also appearance or disappearance of some bands. After 54 days the yield harvested and total carbohydrates and SDS -PAGE protein profile in seed were investigated. The data showed that total carbohydrates contents were significantly decreased in plant under drought and ABA partially alleviate the adverse effect of water-deficit stress.
The Gravitational-Wave Physics

The direct detection of gravitational wave by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory indicates the coming of the era of gravitational-wave astronomy and gravitational-wave cosmology. It is expected that more and more gravitational-wave events will be detected by currently existing and planned gravitational-wave detectors. The gravitational waves open a new window to explore the Universe and various mysteries will be disclosed through the gravitational-wave detection, combined with other cosmological probes. The gravitational-wave physics is not only related to gravitation theory, but also is closely tied to fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this review article, three kinds of sources of gravitational waves and relevant physics will be discussed, namely gravitational waves produced during the inflation and preheating phases of the Universe, the gravitational waves produced during the first-order phase transition as the Universe cools down and the gravitational waves from the three phases: inspiral, merger and ringdown of a compact binary system, respectively. We will also discuss the gravitational waves as a standard siren to explore the evolution of the Universe.
CELL INJURY , REPAIR , AGING , AND APOPTOSIS HIV Protease Inhibitors Alter Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing via b-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme-1 Translational Up-Regulation

HIV Protease Inhibitors Alter Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing via b-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme-1 Translational Up-Regulation Patrick J. Gannon,*y Cagla Akay-Espinoza,y Alan C. Yee,y Lisa A. Briand,z Michelle A. Erickson,y Benjamin B. Gelman,x Yan Gao,{ Norman J. Haughey,k M. Christine Zink,** Janice E. Clements,** Nicholas S. Kim,y Gabriel Van De Walle,y Brigid K. Jensen,y Robert Vassar,yy R. Christopher Pierce,zz Alexander J. Gill,xx Dennis L. Kolson,xx J. Alan Diehl,{ Joseph L. Mankowski,k and Kelly L. Jordan-Sciuttoy
The discovery of X-ray binaries in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

We report the results of a deep Chandra survey of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We find five X-ray sources with $L_X$ of at least $6\times10^{33}$ ergs/sec with optical counterparts establishing them as members of Sculptor. These X-ray luminosities indicate that these sources are X-ray binaries, as no other known class of Galactic point sources can reach 0.5-8 keV luminosities this high. Finding these systems proves definitively that such objects can exist in an old stellar population without stellar collisions. Three of these objects have highly evolved optical counterparts (giants or horizontal branch stars), as do three other sources whose X-ray luminosities are in the range which includes both quiescent low mass X-ray binaries and the brightest magnetic cataclysmic variables. We predict that large area surveys of the Milky Way should also turn up large numbers of quiescent X-ray binaries.