Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Incidence Proportion as a Function of Regional Testing Strategy, Vaccination Coverage, and Vaccine Type

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious challenge for humanity almost everywhere globally. Despite active vaccination around the world, the incidence proportion in different countries varies significantly as of May 2022. The reason may be a combination of demographic, immunological, and epidemiological factors. The purpose of this study was to analyze possible relationships between COVID-19 incidence proportion in the population and the types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines used in different countries globally, taking into account demographic and epidemiological factors. Materials and methods: An initial database was created of demographic and immunoepidemiological information about the COVID-19 situation in 104 countries collected from published official sources and repository data. The baseline included, for each country, population size and density; SARS-CoV-2 testing coverage; vaccination coverage; incidence proportion; and a list of vaccines that were used, including their relative share among all vaccinations. Subsequently, the initial data set was stratified by population and vaccination coverage. The final data set was subjected to statistical processing both in general and taking into account population testing coverage. Results: After formation of the final data set (including 53 countries), it turned out that reported COVID-19 case numbers correlated most strongly with testing coverage and the proportions of vaccine types used, specifically, mRNA (V1); vector (V2); peptide/protein (V3); and whole-virion/inactivated (V4). Due to the fact that an inverse correlation was found between ‘reported COVID-19 case numbers’ with V2, V3, and V4, these three vaccine types were also combined into one analytic group, ‘non-mRNA group’ vaccines (Vnmg). When the relationship between vaccine type and incidence proportion was examined, minimum incidence proportion was noted at V1:Vnmg ratios (%:%) from 0:100 to 30:70. Maximum incidence proportion was seen with V1:Vnmg from 80:20 to 100:0. On the other hand, we have shown that the number of reported COVID-19 cases in different countries largely depends on testing coverage. To offset this factor, countries with low and extremely high levels of testing were excluded from the data set; it was then confirmed that the largest number of reported COVID-19 cases occurred in countries with a dominance of V1 vaccines. The fewest reported cases were seen in countries with a dominance of Vnmg vaccines. Conclusion: In this paper, we have shown for the first time that the level of reported COVID-19 incidence proportion depends not only on SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination coverage, which is quite logical, but probably also on the vaccine types used. With the same vaccination level and testing coverage, those countries that predominantly use vector and whole-virion vaccines feature incidence proportion that is significantly lower than countries that predominantly use mRNA vaccines.
Pneumatic Microballoons for Active Control of the Vibration-Induced Flow

Vibration-induced flow (VIF), in which a mean flow is induced around a microstructure by applying periodic vibrations, is increasingly used as an active flow-control technique at the microscale. In this study, we have developed a microdevice that actively controls the VIF patterns using elastic membrane protrusions (microballoons) actuated by pneumatic pressure. This device enables on-demand spatial and temporal fluid manipulation using a single device that cannot be achieved using a conventional fixed-structure arrangement. We successfully demonstrated that the device achieved displacements of up to 38 µm using the device within a pressure range of 0 to 30 kPa, indicating the suitability of the device for microfluidic applications. Using this active microballoon array, we demonstrated that the device can actively manipulate the flow field and induce swirling flows. Furthermore, we achieved selective actuation of the microballoon using this system. By applying air pressure from a multi-input channel system through a connection tube, the microballoons corresponding to each air channel can be selectively actuated. This enabled precise control of the flow field and periodic switching of the flow patterns using a single chip. In summary, the proposed microdevice provides active control of VIF patterns and has potential applications in advanced microfluidics, such as fluid mixing and particle manipulation.
Aggressive Behavior in Children with Intellectual Limitations from The Teachers' Perspective

The current study aimed to identify the level of aggressive behavior of mentally limited children from the teachers' point of view in and to determine the nature of the differences between the average responses of teachers of mentally limited students in diagnosing the level of aggressive behavior due to a variable gender, academic qualification and years of experience. The study sample consisted of (100) male and female teachers from the category of mentally retarded children in Jerusalem. They were chosen by a simple random method using the aggressive behavior scale. The results concluded that the level of aggressive behavior came to medium degrees, that is, the presence of aggressive behavior among children with mental limitations from the teachers' point of view. The behaviors came in order: aggressive behavior towards oneself, aggressive behavior towards others, aggressive behavior towards objects and possessions, and verbal aggressive behavior. The results also showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05? ) in the averages of teachers' responses to diagnosing the level of aggressive behavior. The results also show children with mental limitations in Jerusalem due to gender, educational qualification, and years of experience.
Implementation of Space Utilization Control Post Law Number 11 in the Year 2020 About Work Creation

The implementation of spatial planning in Indonesia refers to Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning and Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and its derivative regulations. Spatial planning, as stated in Article 3, “the implementation of spatial planning aims to create a safe, comfortable, productive, and sustainable national space based on the Archipelago Insight and National Resilience and the realization of the protection of space functions and prevention of negative impacts on the environment due to space utilization. In order to realize the objectives of spatial planning, these regulations must be enforced. The testing of the implementation of Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning spatial planning and Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning job creation was carried out with the theory of the legal system of Lawrance Friedman with normative juridical research methods. The approaches used were legal and conceptual. The results of the research show that the implementation of controlling space utilization after Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning job creation cannot be implemented properly, because the legislation in the field of spatial planning has not been able to support the control of space utilization. In addition, from law enforcement it is necessary to increase resources, such as human resources and infrastructure, the legal culture of the community. Keywords: implementation, spatial planning, legal system
Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic Compounds and Organic Acids of Raw and Boiled Berries of Solanum Torvum Swartz From Eastern Côte d’Ivoire

Berries of solanum torvum, referred to as wild eggplant, are widely consumed in eastern Côte d'Ivoire in boiled form in sauces or soups. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of these fruits through the estimation of antioxidant capacities of the extracts, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds and organic acids of raw berries and boiled berries to gauge the influence of this cooking. Results showed that boiling caused a considerable decrease in the antioxidant capacity of S. torvum berry extracts. By DPPH scavenging, the effective concentration (EC50) value of extract increased from 20.00 to 42.20 µg/mL, respectively for raw and boiled berries. Regarding EC50 values for antioxidant activities via FRAP, the values of 75.10 and 87.20 µg/mL were obtained, respectively for raw and boiled berries extract. In terms of phenolic compounds, the most predominant were catechin and gallic acid with respective contents of 1.06 and 0.86 mg/kg in the raw berries; 0.86 and 0.71 mg/kg in boiled berries, demonstrating the decrease in levels of these compounds by boiling. Organic acids showed the same decreasing trend during boiling. However, using cooking water when preparing soups or sauces could minimize these losses. In addition to this, one could consider other cooking methods such as steaming to better ensure nutrient retention
Rainfall and water resources variability in sub-Saharan Africa during the 20th century

River basin rainfall series and extensive river flow records are used to characterise and improve understanding of spatial and temporal variability in sub-Saharan African (SSA) water resources during the last century. Nine major international river basins (comprising ~32% of SSA’s area), chosen primarily for their long good quality flow records are examined. A range of statistical descriptors highlight: substantial variability in rainfall and river flows (e.g. differences in rainfall [flows] of up to -14% [-51%] between 1931-60 and 1961-90 in West Africa); marked regional differences; and modest intra-regional differences. On decadal time scales sub-Saharan Africa exhibits drying across the Sahel after the early 1970s, relative stability punctuated by extreme wet years in East Africa, and periodic behaviour underlying high interannual variability in Southern Africa. Central Africa shows very modest decadal variability with some similarities to the Sahel in adjoining basins. No consistent signals in rainfall and river flows emerge across the whole of SSA. Detailed analysis of rainfall-runoff relationships reveals varying behaviour including: strong but non-stationary relationships (particularly in West Africa), many basins with marked variations (temporal and spatial) in strength, weak almost random behaviour (particularly in Southern Africa), and very few strong, temporally stable relationships. 20-year running correlations between rainfall and river flow tend to be higher during periods of greater rainfall station density, however, there are cases where weak (strong) relationships exist even with reasonable (poor) station coverage. Non-stationary behaviour in West African rivers is associated with Sahel desiccation and primarily reflects the non-linear runoff response to rainfall, but may include some effects from changes in land cover. We conclude for SSA that robust identification and attribution of hydrological change is severely limited by data limitations, conflicting behaviour across basins/regions, low signal-to-noise ratios, sometimes weak rainfallrunoff relationships and limited quantification of the magnitude and potential effects of land use change and other anthropogenic influences. We identify a clear need to integrate better understanding of biophysical drivers of variability (e.g. ENSO, Sahelian desiccation) with actions to strengthen the capacity of African water managers to deal with climatic variability and extremes.
DNA Methylation and Telomeres—Their Impact on the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation during Cardiac Aging

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in humans. AF is characterized by irregular and increased atrial muscle activation. This high-frequency activation obliterates the synchronous work of the atria and ventricles, reducing myocardial performance, which can lead to severe heart failure or stroke. The risk of developing atrial fibrillation depends largely on the patient’s history. Cardiovascular diseases are considered aging-related pathologies; therefore, deciphering the role of telomeres and DNA methylation (mDNA), two hallmarks of aging, is likely to contribute to a better understanding and prophylaxis of AF. In honor of Prof. Elizabeth Blackburn’s 75th birthday, we dedicate this review to the discovery of telomeres and her contribution to research on aging.
A comprehensive review of papaya's multidimensional impact on health and wellness

Papaya, renowned for its delectable fruit, conceals hidden treasures within its plant. The papaya's fruit, with its high vitamin C content and nutritional richness, supports overall health, while its often-overlooked seeds harbor antimicrobial and digestive benefits. Papaya leaves, steeped in traditional medicine, offer antioxidants and potential remedies for various health issues. Surprisingly, papaya skin contains enzymes with skin-rejuvenating properties. The less-studied papaya roots hint at digestive health and anti-inflammatory potential. Papaya flowers bring unique flavors to culinary delights and offer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory possibilities. Lastly, papaya enzymes, particularly papain, facilitate digestion, find use in dietary supplements, and serve as natural meat tenderizers or skincare agents. These diverse facets of the papaya plant highlight its holistic significance, transcending its famed fruit's sweetness, encouraging a deeper appreciation of this tropical treasure's multifaceted contributions to health and well-being.
Saturation effects on frequency-dependent seismic anisotropy in fractured porous rocks

The response of Earth materials to seismic wave propagation is the most commonly used geophysical method for studying the Earth’s crust. Rocks making up the Earth’s crust are porous, with fluids occupying the pore space. The saturation of the pore space can be multiphase, for example, in gas reservoirs and gas bearing oil reservoirs where gas and liquid occupy the pore space. Additional voids such as aligned fractures are common in the Earth’s crust and are known to cause seismic anisotropy. Knowledge of the effects of pore fluids and of aligned fractures on seismic wave propagation is needed for the interpretation of seismic data in terms of these physical properties. This information is particularly useful for the hydrocarbon industry as the presence of either natural or artificially induced fractures can play a major role in the safe and efficient exploration and production of hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is important to be able to remotely characterise fractures in fluid-filled reservoir rocks. Theoretical models are used to relate seismic measurements to the physical properties of rocks such as porosity, saturation, and fracture properties. Previous studies have either focused on multiphase saturation effects in non-fractured isotropic rocks or on single fluid phase saturation effects in fractured anisotropic rocks. Therefore, the combined effect of multiphase saturation and aligned fractures is still poorly understood. This thesis focuses on improving the understanding of the effect of saturation on fracture-induced seismic anisotropy
Occurrence of tremolitic asbestos in Nowshera Formation Ghundai Tarako, district Swabi, north Pakistan

The Ghundai Tarako area is located about 11 kilometers to the northwest of Swabi town. The area consists of dolomitic and calcitic marbles of the Nowshera Formation intruded by mafic dykes and sills. Asbestos occurs along a contact between the mafic sill and marble. X-Ray diffraction analysis shows that the type of asbestos is fibrous tremolite belonging to the amphibole group. Extensive mining of marble is in progress in the area under consideration. As a result airborne tremolitic asbestos is released in the air and might become the potential source of adverse environmental impacts. Skin allergies and asthma are commonly observed diseases among the marble miners in the area.
Grey clustering analysis of the disaster losses assessment

Based on the grey system theory, the principle and method of grey clustering analysis is introduced, and is also used to evaluate disaster losses and classify the flood disaster degree of Xinjiang "96.7" floods. In the application of grey clustering analysis, combining the disaster losses of every region in Xinjiang "96. 7" floods, the disaster area is taken as the clustering objects (i= X ) and some essential factors of disaster losses as the clustering quotas (j= 1, 2, 4). The flood disasters are divided into five grades (k=1, 2, . 5) according to the level of economy development and population density of Xinjiang. The clustering coefficient and disaster grade of the disaster regions in Xinjiang n 96. 7n floods were made out by using this method. The results are identical to the flood disaster losses of Xinjiang n 96. 7n floods. All the m.ntioned above indicates that the grey clustering analysis is an effective method to deal with the classification of disaster grade.
Dome Fuji Seeing -the Summer Results and the Future Winter-over Observations

Abstract We carried out the first seeing measurements at Dome Fuji in the 2010–2011 austral summer. From these observations, we found that the summer seeing at Dome Fuji was 1.2″ (mean), 1.1″ (median), 0.83″ (25th percentile) and 1.5″ (75th percentile), respectively. We also found that the seeing changed continuously and had a minimum around 0.7″ at ~18:00 hours daily. We compared the seeing with some weather parameters obtained from the 16 m mast, and found that the seeing had good correlations with atmosphere temperature and wind shear. These results suggest that the seeing is degraded by turbulence near the surface boundary layer. Because the data were obtained only over a short duration in summer, the general characteristics of Dome Fuji's seeing could not be evaluated. We plan to observe the seeing in winter with a stand-alone DIMM telescope. This new DIMM, which we named the Dome Fuji Differential Image Motion Monitor (DF–DIMM), will be installed at Dome Fuji in January 2013.
Impact of Global and Local Disasters

This study compares depressive and panic-related anxious symptomatology before the World Trade Center Disaster and two contemporaneous local disasters in Switzerland with data collected immediately afterward, and approximately 2 and 7 years later. Four cross-sectional surveys of representative samples of the Swiss population were conducted in March 2000 (N = 1026), October 2001 (N = 1014), October 2003 (N =1 004), and February 2008 (N = 501), using a standardized screening instrument. Immediately after the disasters, the mean depressive symptomatology score increased significantly and remained elevated but stable up to 2 years after the disasters, decreasing significantly from 2003 to 2008. However, anxious symptomatology rates did not change over time, neither immediately after the disasters nor 2 or 7 years later.
Role of ECLS in Managing Post-Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after myocardial infarction (MI) and the preoperative use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to surgery. Methods: We included patients undergoing surgery for VSR from January 2009 until June 2021 from two centers in Germany. Patients were separated into two groups, those with and without ECLS, before surgery. Pre- and intraoperative data, outcome, and survival during follow-up were evaluated. Results: A total of 47 consecutive patients were included. Twenty-five patients were in the ECLS group, and 22 were in the group without ECLS. All the ECLS-group patients were in cardiogenic shock preoperatively. Most patients in the ECLS group were transferred from another hospital [n = 21 (84%) vs. no-ECLS (n = 12 (57.1%), p = 0.05]. We observed a higher number of postoperative bleeding complications favoring the group without ECLS [n = 6 (28.6%) vs. n = 16 (64%), p < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the persistence of residual ventricular septal defect (VSD) between groups [ECLS n = 4 (16.7%) and no-ECLS n = 3 (13.6%)], p = 1.0. Total in-hospital mortality was 38.3%. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality [n = 6 (27.3%) vs. n = 12 (48%), p = 0.11] and survival at last follow-up between the groups (p = 0.50). Conclusion: We detected no statistical difference in the in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients who received ECLS as supportive therapy after MI-induced VSR compared to those without ECLS. ECLS could be an effective procedure applied as a bridge to surgery in patients with VSR and cardiogenic shock.
Maize farmers’ response to crisis: The case of fall armyworm infestation in Ejisu Municipality, Ghana

Abstract The Fall Armyworm (FAW) is among the most devastating plant pests in terms of crop loss and economic impact. It was first reported in 2016 and has spread rapidly across the African continent, causing extensive damage to maize crops. With the importance of maize in food security and livelihoods, understanding effective communication channels is crucial. The study was designed to evaluate maize farmers’ communicative interventions in response to fall armyworm infestation in the Ejisu municipality. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to select 400 maize farmers. Descriptive and econometric techniques were used to analyse the data. The maize farmers were knowledgeable about fall armyworm (FAW), and radio was their key source of information about FAW. Agricultural officers served as the most effective and preferred source of information about FAW. The outcomes obtained from the multivariate probit analysis reveal that the choice of communication intervention (thus, agricultural officers, radio, television and social media) is influenced by age, education, alternative livelihoods, access to credit, and cooperative society.1 Difficulty managing farms with poor planting distances2 was ranked as the greatest challenge in FAW management. The study highlights the need for maize farmers to consider indigenous communication interventions to supplement modern channels for effectively communicating and managing FAW infestations. Policymakers should prioritise the development of comprehensive communication strategies that integrate both modern and indigenous approaches to effectively disseminate information and enhance knowledge exchange among maize farmers in managing FAW outbreaks.