Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher order relativistic galaxy number counts: dominating terms

We review the number counts to second order concentrating on the terms which dominate on sub horizon scales. We re-derive the result for these terms and compare it with the different versions found in the literature. We generalize our derivation to higher order terms, especially the third order number counts which are needed to compute the 1-loop contribution to the power spectrum.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PASSIVE FIT FOR TWO MANDIBULAR FULL ARCH TITANIUM FRAMEWORKS

INTRODUCTION: The demands for constructing a passively fitting immediate full arch screw retained restoration are rapidly increasing; intra-oral spot welding has been a well-documented idyllic modality for a long time. New variations were proposed to overcome welding limitations, one recent alternative is the introduction of Fast Bridge, Fast Pack system by iRES. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the marginal vertical gap between abutment finish-lines and framework respective surfaces in the proposed study groups using optical microscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This In-vitro study involved two symmetrical models with four implants installed in each numbered from #1 to #4 representing the two study groups, group A and B. With a total number of 16 samples, eight screw-retained frameworks were constructed on each model. For Group A: Frameworks were constructed using the conventional intra-oral spot resistance welding technology, as For Group B: Screw-retained frameworks were constructed using the iRES bars. Applying one screw test method, with the help of high accuracy industrial optical microscope, a passivity analysis was done, by measuring the marginal vertical gap for each implant at three different points (mesiobuccal, midbuccal and distobuccal). RESULTS: When comparing the mean gap values of the two groups, the study has shown that group B obtained a statistically significant better marginal vertical gap values. (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the new technique being evaluated in this study renders more passive frameworks. It displayed absolute fit results that were only theoretically desired. Elimination of tension at construction phase played a key role in the final framework fit.
Dark matter detection in two easy steps

Multi-component dark matter particles may have a more intricate direct detection signal than simple elastic scattering on nuclei. In a broad class of well-motivated models the inelastic excitation of dark matter particles is followed by de-excitation via $\gamma$-decay. In experiments with fine energy resolution, such as many $0\nu 2\beta$ decay experiments, this motivates a highly model-independent search for the sidereal daily modulation of an unexpected $\gamma$ line. Such a signal arises from two-step WIMP interaction: the WIMP is first excited in the lead shielding and subsequently decays back to the ground state via the emission of a monochromatic $\gamma$ within the detector volume. We explore this idea in detail by considering the model of magnetic inelastic WIMPs, and take a sequence of CUORE-type detectors as an example. We find that under reasonable assumptions about detector performance it is possible to efficiently explore mass splittings of up to few hundreds of keV for a WIMP of weak-scale mass and transitional magnetic moments. The modulation can be cheaply and easily enhanced by the presence of additional asymmetric lead shielding. We devise a toy simulation to show that a specially designed asymmetric shielding may result in up to $30\%$ diurnal modulations of the two-step WIMP signal, leading to additional strong gains in sensitivity.
Tauberian Theory: A Century of Developments

I The Hardy-Littlewood Theorems. - II Wiener's Theory. - III Complex Tauberian Theorems. - IV Karamata's Heritage: Regular Variation. - V Extensions of the Classical Theory. - VI Borel Summability and General Circle Methods. - VII Tauberian Remainder Theory. - References.
Bone Graft Packing and Its Association with Bone Regeneration in Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentations: Histomorphometric Analysis of Human Biopsies

Simple Summary Following tooth loss, the jaw bone undergoes gradual atrophy of the tooth-bearing alveolar process which poses a major challenge for dental implant therapy. In order to compensate for the decreasing bone height and bone volume in the upper jaw, bone graft particles can be inserted into the maxillary sinus (maxillary sinus floor augmentation). The native bone ideally integrates these particles, proving an increased bone supply for subsequent implant placement. Despite the longstanding clinical application of this surgical procedure, there is still no scientific rationale for whether particulate bone grafts should be compressed or lightly packed. We therefore evaluated the spatial distribution of bone substitute particles in human maxillary sinus biopsies and investigated the association between bone graft packing and bone regeneration 6 months after maxillary sinus floor augmentation. In fact, bone graft particles were not homogeneously distributed over the length of biopsies. With increasing distance from the native bone of the sinus floor, the number of predominantly small, densely packed bone graft particles increased, which appeared to be detrimental to graft integration. These findings suggest that excessive compaction of bone graft particles should be avoided in order to optimise the macrostructural environment for bone regeneration in maxillary sinus floor augmentations. Abstract Research in maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) focussed on the optimisation of microstructural parameters such as microporosity and particle size of bone substitute particles (BS). However, little is known about the impact of BS packing and the corresponding (void) interparticular space on bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to characterise the spatial distribution of BS and its association with BS integration 6 ± 1 months after MSFA. Histological thin-ground sections of 70 human sinus biopsies were histomorphometrically analysed: In serial zones of 100 µm proceeding from the sinus floor (SF) up to the apical end of the biopsy, we measured the distribution of BS particles within these zones in terms of volume (BSV/TV), number and size of BS particles, interparticle spacing (BS.Sp) and bone-to-BS contact. BS particles were not homogeneously distributed over the length of biopsies: The first 200 µm directly adjacent to the SF represented a zone poor in BS particles but with high osteogenic potential. Graft packing density increased from the SF towards the apical part of the AA. Integration of BS particles was inversely associated with the distance to the SF and the graft packing density. A high packing density through excessive compaction of BS particles should be avoided to optimise the macrostructural environment for bone regeneration.
Verification of the Efficacy of Mexiletine Treatment for the A1656D Mutation on Downgrading Reentrant Tachycardia Using a 3D Cardiac Electrophysiological Model

The SCN5A mutations have been long associated with long QT variant 3 (LQT3). Recent experimental and computation studies have reported that mexiletine effectively treats LQT3 patients associated with the A1656D mutation. However, they have primarily focused on cellular level evaluations and have only looked at the effects of mexiletine on action potential duration (APD) or QT interval reduction. We further investigated mexiletine’s effects on cardiac cells through simulations of single-cell (behavior of alternant occurrence) and 3D (with and without mexiletine). We discovered that mexiletine could shorten the cell’s APD and change the alternant’s occurrence to a shorter basic cycle length (BCL) between 350 and 420 ms. The alternant also appeared at a normal heart rate under the A1656D mutation. Furthermore, the 3D ventricle simulations revealed that mexiletine could reduce the likelihood of a greater spiral wave breakup in the A1656D mutant condition by minimizing the appearance of rotors. In conclusion, we found that mexiletine could provide extra safety features during therapy for LQT3 patients because it can change the alternant occurrence from a normal to a faster heart rate, and it reduces the chance of a spiral wave breakup. Therefore, these findings emphasize the promising efficacy of mexiletine in treating LQT3 patients under the A1656D mutation.
Accurate strain measurements in highly strained Ge microbridges

Ge under high strain is predicted to become a direct bandgap semiconductor. Very large deformations can be introduced using microbridge devices. However, at the microscale, strain values are commonly deduced from Raman spectroscopy using empirical linear models only established up to e100 = 1.2% for uniaxial stress. In this work, we calibrate the Raman-strain relation at higher strain using synchrotron based microdiffraction. The Ge microbridges show unprecedented high tensile strain up to 4.9% corresponding to an unexpected Δω = 9.9 cm−1 Raman shift. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the Raman strain relation is not linear and we provide a more accurate expression.
On the Progenitor of the Type IIb Supernova 2016gkg

Author(s): Kilpatrick, CD; Foley, RJ; Abramson, LE; Pan, YC; Lu, CX; Williams, P; Treu, T; Siebert, MR; Fassnacht, CD; Max, CE | Abstract: © 2016 The Authors. We present a detection in pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of a point source consistent with being the progenitor star of the Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) 2016gkg. Post-explosion imaging from the Keck adaptive optics system was used to perform relative astrometry between the Keck and HST imaging. We identify a single point source in the HST images coincident with the SN position to 0. 89σ. The HST photometry is consistent with the progenitor star being an A0 Ia star with T = 9500 K and log (L/L⊙) = 5.15. We find that the SN 2016gkg progenitor star appears more consistent with binary than single-star evolutionary models. In addition, early-time light-curve data from SN 2016gkg revealed a rapid rise in luminosity within ~0.4 d of non-detection limits, consistent with models of the cooling phase after shock break-out. We use these data to determine an explosion date of 2016 September 20.15 and progenitor-star radius of log (R/R⊙) = 2.41, which agrees with photometry from the progenitor star. Our findings are also consistent with detections of other SNe IIb progenitor stars, although more luminous and bluer than most other examples.
Mathematical Models of Death Signaling Networks

This review provides an overview of the progress made by computational and systems biologists in characterizing different cell death regulatory mechanisms that constitute the cell death network. We define the cell death network as a comprehensive decision-making mechanism that controls multiple death execution molecular circuits. This network involves multiple feedback and feed-forward loops and crosstalk among different cell death-regulating pathways. While substantial progress has been made in characterizing individual cell death execution pathways, the cell death decision network is poorly defined and understood. Certainly, understanding the dynamic behavior of such complex regulatory mechanisms can be only achieved by applying mathematical modeling and system-oriented approaches. Here, we provide an overview of mathematical models that have been developed to characterize different cell death mechanisms and intend to identify future research directions in this field.
Sharing Economy: Perception of Drivers for Online Transportation Gojek

: Sharing Economy is an economic-technological phenomenon that is driven by the development of information and communication technology for sharing related to socioeconomics that includes goods and services. One of the transportation service companies in Indonesia that uses the concept of sharing economy is GOJEK. This study aims to determine internal motivation and external motivation that affect one's intention to become a GOJEK driver in Batam City. Internal motivation is measured by perceived attitude, perceived enjoyment, perceived sustainability, and external motivation is measured by the perceived economic benefits and perceived reputation. Measurement of variables was adopted from Hamari's study (2015). This study uses a questionnaire distributed to GOJEK drivers for 1 month with a sample of 130 drivers. The results found, first internal motivation, perceived attitude and perceived enjoyment have positive effect on intention, while the perceived sustainability has no effect. Second, external motivation, economic benefits and reputation has a positive effect on the intention to become a GOJEK driver.
Genetic Analysis of Annual Chrysanthemum by Diallel Mating

The present experiment on was comprised of Diallel analysis of 30 crosses developed from six parents viz., NAC-01-10, NAC-02-10, NAC-03-10, NAC-04-10, NAC-05-10, NAC-0610 selected for petal colour and number of layers of petals including reciprocals was analysed for growth and yield characters to estimate magnitude of useful heterosis and general combing ability of parents, specific combining ability and reciprocal combining ability of crosses and to identify potential F1‘s for advancing in further. The experiment was conducted during the year 2010–2012 at Farm of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. All the crosses exhibited significant heterosis in both positive and negative direction. The mean squares due to general combining ability were significant for all the characters studied except, days to 50% flowering from transplanting and petal width. The mean squares due to specific and reciprocal combining ability were significant for all the characters except days to 50% flowering from transplanting. The four parents, NAC-06-10 (showing superior performance for eight characters), NAC05-10, NAC-03-10 (for six characters) and NAC-04-10 (for five characters) were identified as good combiners based on mean performance and gca effects. These genotypes were recommended for their use in the crossing program or for developing gene pool. High mean performance, significant useful heterosis in desirable direction and positive significance sca/rca effects were considered as the criteria for selecting potential crosses based on which the cross NAC02-10 x NAC-06-10 following criteria for eight characters, NAC-02-10 x NAC-03-10 and NAC-03-10 x NAC-04-10 following the criteria for four characters were identified as the potential crosses for hybrid production program.
VALIDATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM MODEL FOR GALAXY EVOLUTION TO z ∼ 3 THROUGH MOLECULAR GAS AND DUST OBSERVATIONS OF LENSED STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

We combine IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Herschel PACS and SPIRE measurements to study the dust and gas contents of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We present new observations for a sample of 17 lensed galaxies at z = 1.4–3.1, which allow us to directly probe the cold interstellar medium of normal star-forming galaxies with stellar masses of ∼1010 M☉, a regime otherwise not (yet) accessible by individual detections in Herschel and molecular gas studies. The lensed galaxies are combined with reference samples of submillimeter and normal z ∼ 1–2 star-forming galaxies with similar far-infrared photometry to study the gas and dust properties of galaxies in the SFR–M*–redshift parameter space. The mean gas depletion timescale of main-sequence (MS) galaxies at z > 2 is measured to be only ∼450 Myr, a factor of ∼1.5 (∼5) shorter than at z = 1 (z = 0), in agreement with a (1 + z)−1 scaling. The mean gas mass fraction at z = 2.8 is 40% ± 15% (44% after incompleteness correction), suggesting a flattening or even a reversal of the trend of increasing gas fractions with redshift recently observed up to z ∼ 2. The depletion timescale and gas fractions of the z > 2 normal star-forming galaxies can be explained under the “equilibrium model” for galaxy evolution, in which the gas reservoir of galaxies is the primary driver of the redshift evolution of specific star formation rates. Due to their high star formation efficiencies and low metallicities, the z > 2 lensed galaxies have warm dust despite being located on the star formation MS. At fixed metallicity, they also have a gas-to-dust ratio 1.7 times larger than observed locally when using the same standard techniques, suggesting that applying the local calibration of the δGDR–metallicity relation to infer the molecular gas mass of high-redshift galaxies may lead to systematic differences with CO-based estimates.
Constraining large‐scale H i bias using redshifted 21‐cm signal from the post‐reionization epoch

In the absence of complex astrophysical processes that characterize the reionization era, the 21-cm emission from neutral hydrogen (H i) in the post-reionization epoch is believed to be an excellent tracer of the underlying dark matter distribution. Assuming a background cosmology, it is modelled through (i) a bias function b(k, z), which relates H i to the dark matter distribution and (ii) a mean neutral fraction () which sets its amplitude. In this paper, we investigate the nature of large-scale H i bias. The post-reionization H i is modelled using gravity only N-body simulations and a suitable prescription for assigning gas to the dark matter haloes. Using the simulated bias as the fiducial model for H i distribution at z≤ 4, we have generated a hypothetical data set for the 21-cm angular power spectrum (Cl) using a noise model based on parameters of an extended version of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). The binned Cl is assumed to be measured with S/N ≳ 4 in the range 400 ≤l≤ 8000 at a fiducial redshift z= 2.5. We explore the possibility of constraining b(k) using the principal component analysis on these simulated data. Our analysis shows that in the range 0.2 < k < 2 Mpc−1, the simulated data set cannot distinguish between models exhibiting different k-dependences, provided 1 ≲b(k) ≲ 2 which sets the 2σ limits. This justifies the use of linear bias model on large scales. The largely uncertain is treated as a free parameter resulting in degradation of the bias reconstruction. The given simulated data are found to constrain the fiducial with an accuracy of ∼4 per cent (2σ error). The method outlined here could be successfully implemented on future observational data sets to constrain b(k, z) and and thereby enhance our understanding of the low-redshift Universe.
Comparative study of efficacy of prepartum injection of multivitamins and selenium- vitamin E (ά-tocopherol)-combination on post-partum clinical findings, serum steroids, calf and placental weights, and milk antioxidant biomarkers changes in female dromedary camel

Background: All concentrates given to camels were enriched in selenium (Se) in selenite form. The impacts of Se supplementation on lactating female health, milk, and Se/antioxidant statuses received no research interest. Aim: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of long-term prepartum injection of Se-vitamin E combination and multivitamins on maternal post-calving clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, milk antioxidants, milk somatic cell count (SCC) status, calf body weight, placental weight (PW), and vaginal wash isolates. Methods: From three equal groups of postpartum she-camels (n = 45), one group received no treatment and served as control group (Cont.; n = 15). For 3 months prepartum, one group had received a combination of vitamin E (ά-tocopherol) and Se (VitE-Se-; n = 15), and the third one received multivitamins (Multi-; n = 15). All dams were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Se, vitamin E, and milk SCC on Days 14, 21, and 28 post-calving. Steroid hormones and calf and PW were estimated at birth (Day 0). Results: The study reported higher efficacy of Se-vitamin E combination comparing with that of multivitamins as a long-term prepartum injection in recently calved she-camels that was reflected through significant changes in steroids hormones (Drop), i.e., progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2), the milk antioxidant biomarkers (Elevation), i.e., TAC, Se, vitamin E, and milk SCCs (Reduction). Both two therapeutic regimens had a more powerful effect that the control one. Conclusion: The applied therapeutic supplements had no significant effect on clinical and hematological changes as well as calves’ body weights and PWs. Body weights were significantly higher in male camel calves than those of female calves either in Cont. , VitE-Se-, or Multi-.
THE MOSDEF SURVEY: ELECTRON DENSITY AND IONIZATION PARAMETER AT z ∼ 2.3

Using observations from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey, we investigate the physical conditions of star-forming regions in z ∼ 2.3 galaxies, specifically the electron density and ionization state. From measurements of the [O ii]λλ3726,3729 and [S ii]λλ6716,6731 doublets, we find a median electron density of ∼250 cm−3 at z ∼ 2.3, an increase of an order of magnitude compared to measurements of galaxies at z ∼ 0. While z ∼ 2.3 galaxies are offset toward significantly higher O32 values relative to local galaxies at fixed stellar mass, we find that the high-redshift sample follows a similar distribution to the low-metallicity tail of the local distribution in the O32 versus R23 and O3N2 diagrams. Based on these results, we propose that z ∼ 2.3 star-forming galaxies have the same ionization parameter as local galaxies at fixed metallicity. In combination with simple photoionization models, the position of local and z ∼ 2.3 galaxies in excitation diagrams suggests that there is no significant change in the hardness of the ionizing spectrum at fixed metallicity from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 2.3. We find that z ∼ 2.3 galaxies show no offset compared to low-metallicity local galaxies in emission line ratio diagrams involving only lines of hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, but show a systematic offset in diagrams involving [N ii]λ6584. We conclude that the offset of z ∼ 2.3 galaxies from the local star-forming sequence in the [N ii] BPT diagram is primarily driven by elevated N/O at fixed O/H compared to local galaxies. These results suggest that the local gas-phase and stellar metallicity sets the ionization state of star-forming regions at z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 2.
Non-Equilibrium Ionization State and Two-Temperature Structure in the Bullet Cluster 1E 0657−56

We investigate a non-equilibrium ionization state and an electron–ion two-temperature structure of the intracluster medium in the merging galaxy cluster, 1E 0657� 56 (Bullet cluster), using a series of N -body and hydrodynamic simulations. We find that the electron temperature at the shock layer associated with the X-ray sub-peak (bullet) is quite different depending on the thermal relaxation model between electrons and ions; � 25 keV for the Coulomb thermal relaxation model and � 45 keV for the instantaneous thermal relaxation model in the simulations which reproduce the observed X-ray morphology. Furthermore, both of Fe XXV and Fe XXVI are overabundant compared with the ionization equilibrium state around the shock layer, and thus, the intensity ratio between Fe XXV and Fe XXVI K˛ lines are significantly altered from that in the ionization equilibrium state. We also carry out the simulations with various sets of merger parameters, and discuss a possible range of the non-equilibrium effects in this system. Our results could be tested with future X-ray observations such as Astro-H with better sensitivity in high energy band.