Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a damaged 12-storey frame-wall concrete building during the 2010 Haiti earthquake Part I: Dynamic behaviour assessment1

Despite all the damages encountered during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 12-storey reinforced-concrete Digicel building behaved well, sustaining only reparable damages. Visual assessment to characterize the damages sustained and ambient vibration tests (AVT) were carried out to identify the building's key dynamics properties (natural vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios). ETABS was used to generate finite element (FE) models before and after the AVT, to evaluate the capabilities of common modelling assumptions to predict the dynamic behaviour of structures. Nonautomated model updating was carried out to generate a model representing the building's actual dynamic behaviour in its damaged state. The study showed that the finite element method (FEM) is reliable for predicting the dynamic behaviour of structures, but is very sensitive to the modelling assumptions. The models could predict the vibration frequencies precisely, but an accurate representation of the mode shapes required careful model updating.
Growth of excised pieces containing elongated denticles from the lower marginal parts of Porphyra tanegashimensis and P. haitanensis gametophytes

Porphyra tanegashimensis and Porphyra haitanensis gametophytes have elongated denticles that take the form of small lobes on their lower marginal parts. We investigated the ability of these elongated denticles to form gametophyte lobes, using excised pieces that were freed from the influence of other parts. Gametophytes of the two species were cultured from conchospores for a period of 2 months. Small pieces containing elongated denticles were excised from the lower marginal parts of the gametophytes and cultured at 20 °C and 40μmol photons m s under a photoperiod regime of 10L : 14D (light : dark). After about 1 month, some of the elongated denticles further developed, and the excised pieces came to resemble lacerated thalli. These results suggest that the elongated denticles possess the ability to grow into lobes under natural conditions.
The effect of winning on early maladaptive schema of individual female athletes

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of winning on early maladaptive schema of individual female athletes. The present study was a descriptive-analytical research method. The statistical population of this study was all female athletes in two age groups of adolescents and young athletes from individual teams (Tennis, Tack and Chess) who participated in the championship of East Azerbaijan province and country in 2020. Exactly 1400 athletes participated in this competition. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table (1970), 302 athletes were selected by simple random sampling. Yang Schema Questionnaire (2003) was used to collect the data and was analyzed using independent t-test by SPSS software version 22. The results of this study showed there is a significant difference between early maladaptive schemas among female athletes with a competitive level. Athletes with a competitive national level have a higher initial maladaptive mean level. Athletes in the youth age group have a higher initial maladaptive mean level.
Betaine, Vitamin B12 And Folinic Acid Supplementation Associated With Improved Body Composition And Inflammatory Markers Of An Overweight Elderly Women: A Case Report And Literature Review

Betaine is naturally found in beets and serves as a methyl donor and osmolyte. It has been associated with improvement of body composition, in cluding decreased fat mass and increased muscle mass. We report here the case of a Chinese woman in her 60s diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, hyp ercholesterolemia, borderline sarcopenia, high level of glucose, insulin and glyc ated hemoglobin), who was administered a dietary supplement consisting of Bet ain (trimethylglycine), Vitamin B12 and folinic acid once daily for 3 months. The woman responded well with a reduction of body fat, increase of muscle mass, improvement of i nsul n level, lowering of total cholesterol level and lipoprotein level, reduction n the level of inflammatory markers (i.e. cross-reactive C protein). This intervention should be considered in overweight/obese subjects, especially those with at risk alleles of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR gene (which is important in folate metabolism ) as in the case study reported here.
Effect of limestone buffers on digestibility of complete diets and on performance by dairy cows.

Abstract In feeding and digestion trials with lactating dairy cows fed complete mixed diets ad libitum without or with limestone buffer, the complete dry matter ratio was 50:50 corn silage to concentrate. During the 44-wk feeding trial, lactating cows fed a complete diet containing 2.71% limestone had similar intakes of dry feed but produced 7.3% more milk than cows fed a complete diet containing . 14% limestone. In digestion trials at maintenance intakes of feed, digestibilities of dry matter, energy, starch, cell wall, and crude protein were higher than when intakes of feed ranged from 2.8 to 3.4 multiples of maintenance during lactation. Addition of 2.71% limestone to the diet at the higher intakes of feed during lactation increased digestibility coefficients for dry matter from 66.1 to 69.5%, energy from 65.4 to 68.3%, starch from 85.9 to 94.6%, cell wall from 51.3 to 55.1%, and crude protein from 65.7 to 67.8%. Limestone as a buffer for this diet of high energy improved both production and diet efficiency possibly by maintaining an environment in gastrointestinal tract more desirable for utilization of both starch and cell wall at intakes of feed above maintenance.
Species Richness and Seasonal Abundance of Billbugs, Sphenophorus spp., from South Carolina Golf Courses

Species richness and seasonal abundance of billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were determined for four golf courses in South Carolina. In 2009 and 2010, 3970 adult billbugs representing six species were collected with unbaited pitfall traps. Sphenophorus inaequalis (Say) and S. venatus vestitus Chittenden represented 95% of the billbugs collected, whereas S. coesifrons Gyllenhal, S. parvulus Gyllenhal, S. cariosus (Olivier), and S. minimus Hart composed the remainder of the billbugs captured. Adult billbugs were collected from March to December, with a sex ratio of roughly 1:1. More individuals of S. venatus vestitus and S. inaequalis were collected from March to July and August to November, suggesting two overlapping generations annually. Given the extended activity period, at least two insecticide applications may be needed to reduce the abundance of larvae and adults.
Morphology and Catalytic Activity of Gold Core-Platinum Shell Nanoparticles

Morphologies, chemical compositions and optical properties of the hybrid gold core-platinum shell, Au@Pt, nanoparticles prepared by a simple reduction method were explored via a combination of transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV-visible spectrophotometry techniques. Various sizes of almost spherical and monodispersed Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles were successfully achieved by changing of Au/Pt atomic ratios. The effect of Au/Pt atomic ratio on the electrocatalytic activities for these Au@Pt nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is revealed by cyclic voltammetry in 1.0 M H2SO4 + 2.0 M methanol aqueous solution. The maximum activity is obtained by using atomic ratio of Au/Pt at ~1. Moreover, all Au@Pt/MWCNTs catalysts exhibited higher activities than that of Pt/MWCNTs catalysts.
RFJ: A Reliable and Fast Journaling Mechanism

Modern file systems have journaling mechanism to maintain their stored state consistently even under unexpected system crashes or disasters. However, the journaling makes I/O throughput lower. This performance degradation comes from the ordering mechanism between the data buffer and metadata buffer and two-staged buffer writing. Especially, if the data buffer and metadata buffer are journalled at the same time, then it incurs significant performance degradation due to the two-staged writing. That shows the trade-off relation-ship between I/O performance and system reliability. In this paper, we propose RFJ: a reliable and fast jour-naling mechanism to deal with this trade-off relationship. We propose an ordering enforced writeback journaling mode and selective journaling mechanism. The Ordering enforced writeback journaling mode achieves low I/O latency and the selective journaling mechanism achieves high reliability. The experimental result shows that the performance of RFJ is almost 5x faster than the journal mode of Ext3 file system but it still supports the same reliability with the journal mode.
DukeNet: A Dual Knowledge Interaction Network for Knowledge-Grounded Conversation

Today's conversational agents often generate responses that not sufficiently informative. One way of making them more informative is through the use of of external knowledge sources with so-called Knowledge-Grounded Conversations (KGCs). In this paper, we target the Knowledge Selection (KS) task, a key ingredient in KGC, that is aimed at selecting the appropriate knowledge to be used in the next response. Existing approaches to Knowledge Selection (KS) based on learned representations of the conversation context, that is previous conversation turns, and use Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to optimize KS. Such approaches have two main limitations. First, they do not explicitly track what knowledge has been used in the conversation nor how topics have shifted during the conversation. Second, MLE often relies on a limited set of example conversations for training, from which it is hard to infer that facts retrieved from the knowledge source can be re-used in multiple conversation contexts, and vice versa. We propose Dual Knowledge Interaction Network (DukeNet), a framework to address these challenges. DukeNet explicitly models knowledge tracking and knowledge shifting as dual tasks. We also design Dual Knowledge Interaction Learning (DukeL), an unsupervised learning scheme to train DukeNet by facilitating interactions between knowledge tracking and knowledge shifting, which, in turn, enables DukeNet to explore extra knowledge besides the knowledge encountered in the training set. This dual process also allows us to define rewards that help us to optimize both knowledge tracking and knowledge shifting. Experimental results on two public KGC benchmarks show that DukeNet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both automatic and human evaluations, indicating that DukeNet enhanced by DukeL can select more appropriate knowledge and hence generate more informative and engaging responses.
Morphologies tells more than molecules in the case of the European widespread Ptychoptera albimana (Fabricius, 1787) (Diptera, Ptychopteridae)

The natural biodiversity crisis opens new perspectives in the field of faunistic or taxonomic research. Dipterans are of major importance in almost all types of ecosystems. In the present integrative taxonomy study a comparative morphological analysis and molecular tools (mtCOI sequences) were used to test taxonomic hypotheses in the case of the Ptychoptera albimana which presents highly divergent morphological structuring throughout its range. The morphologically divergent structures are clearly separated along an altitudinal gradient. The typical P. albimana were identified mostly at low altitudes in Europe (Luxembourg, Germany, France and Hungary, but also in Romania in Dobrogea and Bulgaria in Stara Planina), between 10-350 m (lowland-hilly area). In contrast, divergent morphological structures were identified from Romania and Bulgaria (the Carpathians and Rhodope Mountains), between 450 to 1450 m (hilly-mountainous area). In contrast the standard BOLD mtCOI sequences (658 bp) frequently used in molecular taxonomy did not reflect a similar pattern and suggested recent area dynamics of populations from different isolated glacial refugia in Europe. Based on deep morphological and significant ecological differences here, we describe a new species, Ptychoptera incognita sp. n. , a dipteran that shares common ecosystems with some important glacial relict plants from the Carpathians and Balkan area.
Influence of wetness period and temperature on infection and development of shot-hole disease of almond caused by Wilsonomyces carpophilus.

Temperature and duration of wetness period during the inoculation influenced the development of shot-hole disease on almond leaves caused by Wilsonomyces carpohilus (Stigmina carpophila). In controlled environment studies, a 14-hr wetness period resulted in 0.1 and 4.5 lesions per leaf after 10 days at 8 and 22°C, respectively. Extended wetness periods during the infection period increased the number of lesions per leaf regardless of the temperature . Numbers of lesions increased as temperature was increased from 8 to 22°C for wetness periods greater than 12 hr (.)
Differentiating COVID-19 from other types of pneumonia with convolutional neural networks

INTRODUCTION A widely-used method for diagnosing COVID-19 is the nucleic acid test based on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, the sensitivity of real time RT-PCR tests is low and it can take up to 8 hours to receive the test results. Radiologic methods can provide higher sensitivity. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of X-ray and convolutional neural networks for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and to differentiate it from viral and/or bacterial pneumonia, as 2-class (bacterial pneumonia vs COVID-19 and viral pneumonia vs COVID-19) and 3-class (bacterial pneumonia, COVID-19, and healthy group (BCH), and among viral pneumonia, COVID-19, and healthy group (VCH)) experiments. METHODS 225 COVID-19, 1,583 healthy control, 2,780 bacterial pneumonia, and 1,493 viral pneumonia chest X-ray images were used. 2-class- and 3-class-experiments were performed with different convolutional neural network (ConvNet) architectures, with different variations of convolutional layers and fully-connected layers. RESULTS The results showed that bacterial pneumonia vs COVID-19 and viral pneumonia vs COVID-19 reached a mean ROC AUC of 97.32% and 96.80%, respectively. In the 3-class-experiments, macro-average F1 scores of 95.79% and 94.59% were obtained in terms of detecting COVID-19 among BCH and VCH, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ConvNet was able to distinguish the COVID-19 images among non-COVID-19 images, namely bacterial and viral pneumonia as well as normal X-ray images.
Effect of Green Tea Extract (Camellia Sinensis) On Spatial Learning And Memory In Rem Sleep Deprived Albino Wistar Rats

Introduction: Sleep deprivation can enhance the metabolic rate and oxidative stress, causing memory deficits. Green tea (Camellia sinensis), has shown to have radical scavenging, gene modulating, and cell signalling activities rendering it to have neuroprotective action. Objective: To evaluate the possible beneficial effect of aqueous extract of green tea (GTE) on spatial learning and memory in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprived rats. Methodology: Wistar albino rats were deprived of REM sleep for 96 h using the modified inverted flowerpot technique. Morris water maze, antioxidants levels and body weight were used to assess cognitive enhancing and metabolic activity. Results: Increase in oxidative stress following REM sleep deprivation was reversed in both acute and chronic study. Chronic intake of GTE mitigated spatial learning and memory deficit in Wistar rats induced by REM sleep deprivation. Conclusion: Oxidative stress is associated with memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation in the present study.
Effect of Ethyl Alcohol on Chick Embryo: A study on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Prenatal alcohol exposure exerts teratogenic effects on the developing foetus, mainly manifest by growth retardation, abnormal facial features and CNS damage collectively known as the Fetal Alcoholic Syndrome. The present experiment investigates the phenotypic responses of FAS at different treatment doses in the chick model. Fertilized eggs were collected from a poultry farm and was then kept in the incubator at 38.5° for 27 hours. After 27 hours; a 250 μl injection of 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15% ethanol (in Howard Ringers solution) was introduced directly into the yolk using a 1ml syringe. No significant differences were seen among the control group of chick embryos and the group administered with 5% solution of ethanol . Both 10% and 15% groups showed quite significant effects overall in their total body mass, body length, head diameter and beak length. The results of the present study proves that a single exposure of ethanol to developing embryos can cause serious defects leading to the condition known as fetal alcohol syndrome. It was also proved that on increasing the concentrations of ethanol administered, the associated morphological defects also increased significantly. Thus alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to this serious anomaly.
Mammal-Like Striatal Functions in Anolis

Serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors are thought to play important roles in the mammalian striatum. As basal ganglia functions in general are thought highly conserved among amniotes, we decided to use in situ autoradiographic methods to determine the occurrence and distribution of pharmacologically mammal-like 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptors in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis, with particular attention to the striatum. We also determined the distributions of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>, 5-HT<sub>1B/D</sub>, 5 HT<sub>3</sub>, and 5-HT<sub>uptake</sub> receptors for comparison. All 5-HT receptors examined showed pharmacological binding specificity, and forebrain binding density distributions that resembled those reported for mammals. Anolis 5 HT<sub>2A/C</sub> and 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> site distributions were similar in both in vivo and ex vivo binding experiments. 5-HT<sub>2A & C</sub> receptors occur in both high and low affinity states, the former having preferential affinity for <sup>125</sup>I-(±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine hydrochloride (<sup>125</sup>I-DOI). In mammals <sup>125</sup>I-DOI binding shows a patchy density distribution in the striatum, being more dense in striosomes than in surrounding matrix. There was no evidence of any such patchy density of <sup>125</sup>I-DOI binding in the anole striatum, however. As a further indication that anoles do not possess a striosome and matrix striatal organization, neither <sup>3</sup>H-naloxone binding nor histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) were patchy. AChE did show a band-like striatal distribution, however, similar to that seen in birds.
Study on Applicability of Ultimate Strength Design Formula for Sandwich Panels - Application Cases of Double Hull Tanker Bottom Structures

In this study, ultimate strength characteristics of clamped sandwich panels with metal faces and an elastic isotropic core under combined in-plane compression and lateral pressure loads are investigated to verify the applicability of the ultimate strength design formula for ship structures. Alternative elastomer-cored steel sandwich panels are selected instead of the conventional bottom stiffened panels for a Suezmax-class tanker and then the ultimate strength characteristics of the selected sandwich panels are examined by using nonlinear finite element analysis. The change in the ultimate strength characteristics due to the change in the thickness of the face plate and core as well as the amplitude of lateral pressure are summarized and compared with the results obtained by using the ultimate strength design formula and nonlinear finite element analysis. The insights and conclusions developed in the present study will be useful for the design and development of applications for sandwich panels in double hull tanker structures Received 24 February 2020, revised 16 March 2020, accepted 9 April 2020 Corresponding author Bong Ju Kim: +82-51-510-2338, bonjour@pusan.ac. kr c 2020, The Korean Society of Ocean Engineers This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution non-commercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Biopotential of Fleuggea leucopyrus (Koen.) Willd. against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

In the past five decades, agricultural pests are controlled by synthetic pesticides which caused ill effects on non-target organisms and environment; also insect pests developed resistance and minor pests became major pests. By keeping this in mind, the present study was selected. Antifeedant and larvicidal activities and growth inhibitory effects of hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of Fleuggea leucopyrus (Koen.) Willd. against Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) were studied. Antifeedant and larvicidal activities were evaluated at 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5% concentrations at laboratory conditions. Hexane and chloroform extracts at 5% concentration recorded significant antifeedant activity of 82.41 and 74.45%, respectively. Hexane extract recorded the least LC50 and LC90 values of 1.37 and 4.80%, respectively. Hexane extract recorded maximum larvicidal activity of 85.78% with LC50 and LC90 values of 1.69 and 4.94%, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract also had notable amount of larvicidal activity of 81.77% at 5% concentration. Hexane extract at 5 and 2.5% and ethyl acetate extract at 5% concentrations completely prevented the adult emergence of H. armigera. This plant could be further exploited to identify the active principle(s) responsible for the activities and to develop a novel pesticidal formulation. This is the first report of F. leucopyrus is studied for its bioefficacy against H. armigera.
Characterization of two coexisting pathogen populations of Leptosphaeria spp., the cause of stem canker of brassicas

Stem canker of brassicas, also known as blackleg is the most damaging disease of many Brassicaceae. The disease is caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces et de Not. and L. biglobosa sp. nov., Shoemaker & Brun, which coexist in plants and resulting in disease symptoms and decreased yield, quantity and quality of cultivated vegetables and oilseed rape. The paper presents taxonomic relationships between these coexisting pathogen species, describes particular stages of their life cycles, summarizes the differences between the species, and reviews methods for their identification.
The Influence of Physical Habitat, Pyrethroids, and Metals on Benthic Community Condition in an Urban and Residential Stream in California

ABSTRACT This study was designed to characterize benthic communities and physical habitat in both an urban (Kirker Creek) and residential (Pleasant Grove Creek) stream in California in late spring of 2006 and 2007. Concurrent water quality evaluations, physical sediment parameters, pyrethroids, bulk metals, and SEM/AVS ratios were also measured during both years of this study. The relationship of various benthic metrics to physical habitat metrics, pyrethroids, and metals was evaluated for each stream using stepwise multiple linear regressions with both years combined for each stream, as well as both years and both streams combined, to increase the statistical power for determining significant relationships. Physical habitat was determined to be poor in each stream during both years of sampling. More than 100 benthic taxa were reported annually for both streams based on 2006 and 2007 sampling. A significant result from the stepwise regression analysis combining data for 2 years across both streams is that when habitat metrics and to a lesser degree metals are considered in the statistical models pyrethroids do not display any significant relationships to the benthic metrics. In summary, it is apparent from this analysis that the health of benthic communities in both streams is primarily affected by habitat metrics.