Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Fetal Growth and Placental Maturation in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

a Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt Abstract Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of grey scale and Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of fetal growth and placental maturation in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Methods: Forty pregnant female diagnosed as pregnancy induced hypertension were included. History taking, general and obstetric examination as well as laboratory investigation were done. The periodic follow up was included grey scale ultrasound (fetal biometry, placenta grade and liquor assessment) and Doppler ultrasound (umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and fetal aorta blood flow). The perinatal outcome results included intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), prematurity, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and early neonatal death were documented and correlated with the ultrasound findings. Results: There was increased incidence of Grade III placenta in pregnant females with PIH as there were 40 %( n=16) had grade II placenta while 60 %( n=24) had grade III placenta. There was an association between grade III placenta and intrauterine growth retardation. All patients presented with IUGR (n=9) showed abnormal Doppler waveforms. Eight of them had abnormal MCA/UA ratio and only one expressed normal ratio. Increased number of vessels affection was associated with adverse pregnancy outcome as IUGR, prematurity, IUFD and early neonatal death. Umbilical artery Doppler with absent or reversed diastolic flow was ominous signs as both findings were associated with IUFD and neonatal death. Conclusion: Fetal ultrasound has a valuable role in predicting adverse perinatal outcome associated with PIH. It has important role in assessment of placental maturation and its effect on fetal growth and placental dysfunction. Doppler imaging can significantly evaluate complication associated with PIH by providing valuable information about the hemodynamic state of the fetus.
Standard‐space atlas of the viscoelastic properties of the human brain

Standard anatomical atlases are common in neuroimaging because they facilitate data analyses and comparisons across subjects and studies. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized human brain atlas based on the physical mechanical properties (i.e., tissue viscoelasticity) of brain tissue using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). MRE is a phase contrast‐based MRI method that quantifies tissue viscoelasticity noninvasively and in vivo thus providing a macroscopic representation of the microstructural constituents of soft biological tissue. The development of standardized brain MRE atlases are therefore beneficial for comparing neural tissue integrity across populations. Data from a large number of healthy, young adults from multiple studies collected using common MRE acquisition and analysis protocols were assembled (N = 134; 78F/ 56 M; 18–35 years). Nonlinear image registration methods were applied to normalize viscoelastic property maps (shear stiffness, μ, and damping ratio, ξ) to the MNI152 standard structural template within the spatial coordinates of the ICBM‐152. We find that average MRE brain templates contain emerging and symmetrized anatomical detail. Leveraging the substantial amount of data assembled, we illustrate that subcortical gray matter structures, white matter tracts, and regions of the cerebral cortex exhibit differing mechanical characteristics. Moreover, we report sex differences in viscoelasticity for specific neuroanatomical structures, which has implications for understanding patterns of individual differences in health and disease. These atlases provide reference values for clinical investigations as well as novel biophysical signatures of neuroanatomy. The templates are made openly available (github.com/mechneurolab/mre134) to foster collaboration across research institutions and to support robust cross‐center comparisons.
Climate change and dengue fever knowledge, attitudes and practices in Bangladesh: a social media-based cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND Bangladesh experienced its worst dengue fever (DF) outbreak in 2019. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among university students in Bangladesh and significant factors associated with their prevention practices related to climate change and DF. METHODS A social media-based (Facebook) cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted and secondary data of reported DF cases in 2019 extracted. Logistic regression and spatial analysis were run to examine the data. RESULTS Of 1500 respondents, 76% believed that climate change can affect DF transmission. However, participants reported good climate change knowledge (76.7%), attitudes (87.9%) and practices (39.1%). The corresponding figures for DF were knowledge (47.9%), attitudes (80.3%) and practices (25.9%). Good knowledge and attitudes were significantly associated with good climate change adaptation or mitigation practices (p<0.05). Good knowledge, attitudes and previous DF experiences were also found to be significantly associated with good DF prevention practices (p<0.001). There was no significant positive correlation between climate change and DF KAP scores and the number of DF cases. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide baseline data that can be used to promote educational campaigns and intervention programs focusing on climate change adaptation and mitigation and effective DF prevention strategies among various communities in Bangladesh and similar dengue-endemic countries.
Research review of the relationship between vegetation and soil loss

Soil loss is one of the world's most critical environmental problems,and presents a key challenge to human sustainable development.So it is vital to understand how to control soil loss.There are many soil conservation measures, in which plant cover has been given special attention.According to previous research,the relationship between vegetation and soil loss was generalized through the three scales of patch,hillslope and watershed/region.At the patch scale, vegetation can greatly reduce or eliminate the energy from rainfall and runoff flow.It also can improve soil properties and soil structure under vegetation,and then decrease soil erodibility and increase infiltration capacity to reduce soil loss.In addition,vegetation types,vegetation structures and vegetation morphology also have direct influences on soil loss.At the hillslope scale,research has focused mainly on such aspects as the influence of slope position,slope degree and slope aspect on vegetation growth and distribution patterns.Other issues discussed include soil loss processes and patterns,influences of bare soil-vegetation mosaics and banded vegetation patterns on soil loss,and designing indices indicating runoff and soil loss processes and patterns.Most authors studied vegetation restoration and its effects on soil loss,and provide much valuable information on degraded ecosystem restoration and ecological security pattern design.At the watershed/region scale,the relationship between vegetation and soil loss is mainly controlled by climate and geomorphology characteristics,thus most studies concentrate on aspects of land cover(vegetation cover) and its effects on soil loss.Because of the difficulty in making observations at a large scale,remote sensing monitoring,GIS integration and model simulation are the main subjects and they can greatly help design regional ecological security pattern.In general,the previous research provides a large quantity of available knowledge for ecological conservation and environmental protection,however,there still exist some deficiencies,which need much more investigation.These deficiencies are analyzed so as to make suggestions for future studies on the relationship between vegetation and soil loss.
Integrative Analysis of Glucometabolic Traits, Adipose Tissue DNA Methylation, and Gene Expression Identifies Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance and Obesity in African Americans

Decline in insulin sensitivity due to dysfunction of adipose tissue (AT) is one of the earliest pathogenic events in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that differential DNA methylation (DNAm) controls insulin sensitivity and obesity by modulating transcript expression in AT. Integrating AT DNAm profiles with transcript profile data measured in a cohort of 230 African Americans (AAs) from the African American Genetics of Metabolism and Expression cohort, we performed cis-expression quantitative trait methylation (cis-eQTM) analysis to identify epigenetic regulatory loci for glucometabolic trait–associated transcripts. We identified significantly associated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide regions for 82 transcripts (false discovery rate [FDR]-P < 0.05). The strongest eQTM locus was observed for the proopiomelanocortin (POMC; ρ = −0.632, P = 4.70 × 10−27) gene. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) further identified 155, 46, and 168 cytosine-guanine dinucleotide regions associated (FDR-P < 0.05) with the Matsuda index, SI, and BMI, respectively. Intersection of EWAS, transcript level to trait association, and eQTM results, followed by causal inference test identified significant eQTM loci for 23 genes that were also associated with Matsuda index, SI, and/or BMI in EWAS. These associated genes include FERMT3, ITGAM, ITGAX, and POMC. In summary, applying an integrative multiomics approach, our study provides evidence for DNAm-mediated regulation of gene expression at both previously identified and novel loci for many key AT transcripts influencing insulin resistance and obesity.
Expanding G-Theory Models to Incorporate Congeneric Relationships: Illustrations Using the Big Five Inventory

Abstract We used structural equation modeling techniques to expand traditional generalizability theory (G-theory) models to allow for congeneric relationships among item responses while accounting for the primary sources of measurement error that affect results from objectively scored, self-report measures. Data came from 919 respondents who completed the Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness subscales of the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John et al., 1991) on two occasions. When compared to traditional and factor-based essential tau-equivalent G-theory models, congeneric models on average yielded superior fit statistics, higher estimates of reliability, and lower estimates of transient and specific-factor measurement error. Essential tau-equivalent and congeneric factor models also were configured to allow for simultaneous partitioning of systematic and measurement error variance at both total score and individual item levels. We provide detailed guidelines, examples, and computer code in R for all models discussed in an extended online supplement to enable readers to apply the demonstrated techniques.
Plant Soft Rot Development and Regulation from the Viewpoint of Transcriptomic Profiling

Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium species is a devastating plant disease poorly characterized in terms of host plant responses. In this study, changes in the transcriptome of tobacco plants after infection with Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) were analyzed using RNA-Seq. To draw a comprehensive and nontrivially itemized picture of physiological events in Pba-infected plants and to reveal novel potential molecular “players” in plant–Pba interactions, an original functional gene classification was performed. The classifications present in various databases were merged, enriched by “missed” genes, and divided into subcategories. Particular changes in plant cell wall-related processes, perturbations in hormonal and other regulatory systems, and alterations in primary, secondary, and redox metabolism were elucidated in terms of gene expression. Special attention was paid to the prediction of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the disease’s development. Herewith, gene expression was analyzed within the predicted TF regulons assembled at the whole-genome level based on the presence of particular cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in gene promoters. Several TFs, whose regulons were enriched by differentially expressed genes, were considered to be potential master regulators of Pba-induced plant responses. Differential regulation of genes belonging to a particular multigene family and encoding cognate proteins was explained by the presence/absence of the particular CRE in gene promoters.
Research on Antioxidative Activities of Amygdlin from Almond Pollen

This research mainly studied the antioxidation of amygdlin from almond pollen on general capacity of antioxdation, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and antioxidative activity in a lecithin liposome system. It was found that the antioxidative and antiradical capacity of the amygdlin from almond pollen were weaker than that of ethanol extracts and supernatant after amygcllin crystallization, except hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. So the product of ethanol extracts from almond pollen not only possessed the good antioxidative activities but also the antitumor activities.
Effect of pemafibrate on fatty acid levels and liver enzymes in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with dyslipidemia: A single‐arm, pilot study

Dyslipidemia (DL) is commonly associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Pemafibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α modulator (SPPARMα), has been shown to improve liver function among patients with DL. The aim of this single‐arm prospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of pemafibrate in NAFLD patients with DL.
Goal-directed and stimulus-driven selection of internal representations

Significance Everyday behavior relies on continuously selecting relevant information from the external environment as well as from internal representations in working memory. In describing the selection of external objects, a longstanding distinction is proposed between goal-directed (voluntary) and stimulus-driven (involuntary) sources of attentional selection. We voluntarily attend to things that are relevant to our goals, but our attention may also be captured involuntarily by salient events in the external world. Yet despite decades of research on how these two sources guide our perception (external selection), to date no study has examined whether and how these two sources jointly influence the selection of internal memory representations. With innovative experimental manipulations and behavioral markers of internal selection, we fill this important gap. Adaptive behavior relies on the selection of relevant sensory information from both the external environment and internal memory representations. In understanding external selection, a classic distinction is made between voluntary (goal-directed) and involuntary (stimulus-driven) guidance of attention. We have developed a task—the anti-retrocue task—to separate and examine voluntary and involuntary guidance of attention to internal representations in visual working memory. We show that both voluntary and involuntary factors influence memory performance but do so in distinct ways. Moreover, by tracking gaze biases linked to attentional focusing in memory, we provide direct evidence for an involuntary “retro-capture” effect whereby external stimuli involuntarily trigger the selection of feature-matching internal representations. We show that stimulus-driven and goal-directed influences compete for selection in memory, and that the balance of this competition—as reflected in oculomotor signatures of internal attention—predicts the quality of ensuing memory-guided behavior. Thus, goal-directed and stimulus-driven factors together determine the fate not only of perception, but also of internal representations in working memory.
Fear for All Women: European women’s fear of harassment and aggression in public spaces

This work is based on the inequality that women suffer in public spaces, with fear being a constant in their lives. Women must learn to live to accept a limited and constrained existence. Based on this approach, this research establishes a European description and comparison of the insecurities, fears, or concerns expressed by women facing the risk of aggression/harassment, and the prevalence of sexual harassment in public spaces. For this, we used the Survey on Violence Against Women in the European Union (EU; 2012). In the fieldwork, we performed a factorial analysis, as well as a logistic regression analysis between the sociodemographic variables (age, educational level, income, and habitat) and prevalence of physical or virtual sexual harassment. In general, while European women report that they have suffered harassment to a considerable extent, there are even greater concerns or fear of abuse or aggression in public spaces. A fundamental fact is that there is a significant correlation between the prevalence of harassment and per capita income, such that those countries with the highest economic development show a higher incidence of harassment towards women. Similarly, European countries with higher standards of equality show a greater incidence and prevention against the risk of harassment or aggression, particularly among young women. Some results suggest that more than half of Europeans avoid certain spaces or places for fear of being attacked. The main European powers, which have higher standards of equality, report the most harmful instances of behavior against women in public spaces in relation to harassment or fear. The results obtained prompt the conclusion that socialization towards European women is both victimizing and discriminatory.
The off-shell 4 D / 5 D connection

A systematic off-shell reduction scheme from five to four space-time dimensions is presented for supergravity theories with eight supercharges. It is applicable to theories with higher-derivative couplings and it is used to address a number of open questions regarding BPS black holes in five dimensions. Under this reduction the 5D Weyl multiplet becomes reducible and decomposes into the 4D Weyl multiplet and an extra Kaluza-Klein vector multiplet. The emergence of the pseudoscalar field of the latter multiplet and the emergence of the 4D R-symmetry group are subtle features of the reduction. The reduction scheme enables to determine how a 5D supersymmetric Lagrangian with higher-derivative couplings decomposes upon dimensional reduction into a variety of independent 4D supersymmetric invariants, without the need for imposing field equations. In this way we establish, for example, the existence of a new N=2 supersymmetric invariant that involves the square of the Ricci tensor. Finally we resolve the questions associated with the 5D Chern-Simons terms for spinning BPS black holes and their relation to the corresponding 4D black holes.
A Study of Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination in Nursing Students

Original Research Article Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide which makes it an important health issue in women. Nurses being the front-line health care workers can play an important role in imparting education about BSE in women as early detection is essential to breast cancer survival. Hence the present study was undertaken with an objective to assess the knowledge and practice of nursing students regarding breast cancer and BSE which will help to fulfil the gap in knowledge, if there any, by imparting BSE training to them. Material and methods: Study design: descriptive, cross-sectional workplace-based study. Study place: all six nursing schools in Akola city. Period of study: June to July 2018. Study subjects: All 180, 2 nd and 3 rd year female nursing students of all six nursing schools in a city. Data collection: Pretested semi structure questionnaire was used to collect information about personal characteristics of nurses, about causes, risk factors, screening methods and treatment available and knowledge about breast selfexamination. Ethical approval: Obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee and also permission was obtained from the principals of the concerned nursing schools. Results: out of 180 nursing students. 167 participated in the study. All participants have heard about breast cancer. Approximately 87.4%, 82.6% and 82.6% participants knew about various risk factors, various screening methods and different methods of treatment respectively. BSE was known to only 57.5% participants. Only 6.6 % knew about proper method of BSE while only 17.4% knew about frequency of BSE. Only 5.3 % practiced BSE. Conclusion: Though the knowledge of respondents about breast cancer is adequate, it requires reinforcing about the subject throughout their study. Their knowledge about BSE is very poor. Nurses should adopt such preventive screening procedure and act as role models for the patients and for the community.
SuSy: A Programming Model for Productive Construction of High-Performance Systolic Arrays on FPGAs

Systolic algorithms are one of the killer applications on spatial architectures such as FPGAs and CGRAs. However, it requires a tremendous amount of human effort to design and implement a high-performance systolic array for a given algorithm using the traditional RTL-based methodology. On the other hand, existing high-level synthesis (HLS) tools either (1) force the programmers to do “micro-coding” where too many optimizations must be carried out through tedious code restructuring and insertion of vendor-specific pragmas, or (2) give them too little control to influence a push-button compilation flow to achieve high quality of results. To tackle these challenges, we introduce SuSy, a programming framework composed of a domain-specific language (DSL) and a compilation flow that enables programmers to productively build high-performance systolic arrays on FPGAs. With SuSy, programmers express the design functionality in the form of uniform recurrence equations (UREs), which can describe algorithms from a wide spectrum of applications as long as the underlying computation has a uniform dependence structure. The URE description in SuSy is followed by a set of decoupled spatial mapping primitives that specify how to map the equations to a spatial architecture. More concretely, programmers can apply space-time transformations and several other memory and I/O optimizations to build a highly efficient systolic architecture productively. Experimental results show that SuSy can describe various algorithms with UREs and generate high-performance systolic arrays by spatial optimizations. For instance, the SGEMM benchmark written in SuSy can approach the performance of the manual design optimized by experts, while using 30× fewer lines of code.