Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimized recurrent neural network based emotion recognition using speech for Assamese language

This paper deals with the design and development of a dataset for emotion recognition in Assamese language and its analysis using Machine Learning. This dataset comprises of spoken sentences in Assamese language which relates 7 different emotions of the speakers. It also focusses on the analysis of the dataset with Deep Learning architectures and classification algorithm like Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In total these 7 emotions included calm/neutral, anger, sad, fear, disgust, happy and surprise. The performance of RNN is improved using Representation Learning where training of the model is done using the glottal flow signal to investigate the effect of speaker and phonetic invariant features on classification performance. The speech samples were experimented with different combinations of features and a variety of results were obtained for each of them. In this paper 2 experiments are performed to improve the performance of RNN training. The first one is the representation learning where the training is modelled on the glottal flow signal which is used to investigate the effect of the speaker and phonetic distinct features on the performance of the classification. The second is the transfer learning based RNN training which is done on the valence and activation that is adapted to a 7-category emotion classification. On the Assamese dataset the 4536 NUPUR CHOUDHURY, UZZAL SHARMA experimented approach results in a performance which is comparable and similar to the existing state of art systems for emotion recognition using speech.
New onshore insights into the role of structural inheritance during Mesozoic opening of the Inner Moray Firth Basin, Scotland

The Inner Moray Firth Basin (IMFB) forms the western arm of the North Sea trilete rift system that initiated mainly during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous with the widespread development of major NE–SW-trending dip-slip growth faults. The IMFB is superimposed over the southern part of the older Devonian Orcadian Basin. The potential influence of older rift-related faults on the kinematics of later Mesozoic basin opening has received little attention, partly owing to the poor resolution of offshore seismic reflection data at depth. New field observations augmented by drone photography and photogrammetry, coupled with U–Pb geochronology, have been used to explore the kinematic history of faulting in onshore exposures along the southern IMFB margin. Dip-slip north–south- to NNE–SSW-striking Devonian growth faults are recognized that have undergone later dextral reactivation during NNW–SSE extension. The U–Pb calcite dating of a sample from the synkinematic calcite veins associated with this later episode shows that the age of fault reactivation is 130.99 ± 4.60 Ma (Hauterivian). The recognition of dextral-oblique Early Cretaceous reactivation of faults related to the underlying and older Orcadian Basin highlights the importance of structural inheritance in controlling basin- to sub-basin-scale architectures and how this influences the kinematics of IMFB rifting. Supplementary material: Analytical protocols and analysed sample details are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.5635432
ASSOCIATIONS AMONG BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN GENOTYPES AND SOME PRODUCTION TRAITS IN SHEEP: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Researchers have found contradictory evidence for the association between beta-Lactoglobulin (βlg) polymorphism and certain production traits in sheep. The aim of the study is to explore the use of meta-analysis using different genetic models in relations to βlg polymorphism in sheep for the purpose of investigating the association among βlg genes and certain production traits, such as total milk yield, fat, protein, casein and lactose content. As a result of the analysis, the association between βlg genotypes, protein and casein content was determined to be statistically significant (p<0.05). It was found out that the mean value was superior in favor of AA genotype for total milk yield, AB genotype for protein content and casein content especially in dairy subgroup. However, the association among βlg genotypes and other yield properties was determined to be insignificant (p>0.05).
Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication: A Fabrication Process that Revolutionizes Aircraft Structural Designs and Spacecraft Supportability

The technological inception and challenges, as well as current applications of the electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) process are outlined. The process was motivated by the need for a new metals technology that would be cost-effective, enable the production of new alloys and that would could be used for efficient, lightweight structures. EBF3 is a rapid metal fabrication, layer-additive process that uses no molds or tools and which yields properties equivalent to wrought. The benefits of EBF3 include it near-net shape which minimizes scrap and reduces part count; efficiency in design which allows for lighter weight and enhanced performance; and, its "green" manufacturing process which yields minimal waste products. EBF3 also has a high tensile strength, while a structural test comparison found that EBF3 panels performed 5% lower than machined panels. Technical challenges in the EBF3 process include a need for process control monitoring and an improvement in localized heat response. Currently, the EBF3 process can be used to add details onto forgings and to construct and form complex shapes. However, it has potential uses in a variety of industries including aerospace, automotive, sporting goods and medical implant devices. The novel structural design capabilities of EBF3 have the ability to yield curved stiffeners which may be optimized for performance, low weight, low noise and damage tolerance applications. EBF3 has also demonstrated its usefulness in 0-gravity environments for supportability in space applications.
Teaching science in the secondary school

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THE DIALECT OPTION IN ADDRESSING HERDERS-FARMERS CLASHES IN NIGERIA

Nigeria has witnessed a lot of conflicts and ethnic tensions. The objective of the study is to ascertain the possibility of using dialect to salvage the despicable situations arising from herders-farmers clashes in Nigeria. The study adopts the image schemas as the theoretical framework. Data are drawn from textbooks, journal articles, and online versions of national dailies. The research discovers that an attack on the goals of herders and farmers, which are to provide food for their cattle and harvesting their yam produce respectively, is the root of the tensions between herders and farmers. The paper also reveals that before dialect will serve as an enablement in addressing the herders-farmers clash, the federal character of Nigeria as enshrined in the constitution must be fully implemented. This paper concludes that dialect can be used in addressing farmers-herders clash in Nigeria as a medium of sensitization and as a means of inclusion.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the UV/ persulfate process to remove catechol from solution aqueous

Catechol is used as an antioxidant, fungicide, and polymerization inhibitors in a variety of industries such as petrochemical. Catechol must be removed from effluents before it enters to environment. This study aimed to investigate combined UV radiation and persulfate process in removal of catechol from aqueous solutions. All experiments were performed in a batch reactor. Data analysis were done with Design of Experiment (DoE) software. The effects of various variables such as pH, initial persulfate concentration, and initial Catechol concentration were investigated. The findings indicated with increases in persulfate concentration and decrease in catechol concentrations, the removal efficiency increased. Acidic pH and UV radiation were the leading factors in removal of catechol. The optimum pH, persulfate concentration, and catechol concentration were obtained 7, 0.04 M, and 100 mg l-1, respectively. More removes of catechol was achieved in optimum conditions within contact time of 60 min. The synergic effects of UV and persulfate radical were about 88%. Approximately 60% of catechol was mineralized within contact time of 60 min. Persulfate radicals resulting from UV/S2O82- were the main effective oxidants in removal and mineralization of catechol. Owing to high removal efficiency of persulfate compounds which are, also, abundant and inexpensive, these can be applied in removal of persistent organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.
Spatio-temporal modelling of civil violence : four frameworks for obtaining policy-relevant insights

Mathematical modelling of civil violence can be accomplished in different ways. In this thesis, four modelling frameworks are investigated, each of which leads to different insights into the spatio-temporal properties of civil violence. These frameworks vary with respect to the extent in which empirical data is used in generating model assumptions, and the extent in which simplifying assumptions distance the model from the real world. An overarching objective is to compare the insights and underlying assumptions of each framework, and to consider how they might be consolidated to aid policy decision-making. Within each framework, novel contributions both to the mathematical modelling of social systems, and to the theoretical understanding of civil violence are made. First, a novel data-driven approach for analysing local patterns of geographic diffusion in event data is presented, and applied to offences associated with the 2011 London riots. Second, by considering the decision-making of individuals, thereby taking an agent-based perspective, and using existing theory to construct model assumptions, a parametric statistical model of discrete choice is derived that more closely inspects the targets chosen by rioters, and how these choices might have changed over time. The application of this model to the policy domain is explored by considering police deployment strategies. Third, focusing on the interaction between two adversaries, and employing stochastic point process models, a series of multivariate and nonlinear Hawkes processes are proposed and used to explore spatio-temporal dependency during the Naxal insurgency in India. Fourth, a novel spatially-explicit differential equation-based model of conflict escalation between two adversaries is derived. A bifurcation is identified that results from the spatial disaggregation of the model. Implications for the interpretation of the model in the real world and potential applications are discussed.
The impact of economic uncertainty and financial stress on consumer confidence: the case of Japan

PurposeThis study explores the response of consumer confidence in policy uncertainty in the Japanese context. The study also considers the dynamism of stock market behavior and financial stress and its impact on consumer confidence, which has remained unaddressed in the literature. The role of these control variables has important implications for policy discussions, particularly when other countries can learn from Japanese experiences.Design/methodology/approachThe nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model postulated by Shin et al. (2014) was used for studying the asymmetric response of consumer confidence to policy uncertainty. This method has improved estimates compared to traditional linear cointegration methods.FindingsThe findings confirm the asymmetric impact of policy uncertainty on the consumer confidence index in Japan. The impact of the rise in policy uncertainty is greater than that of a fall in asymmetry on consumer confidence in Japan. Furthermore, the Wald test confirmed asymmetric behavior.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is threefold. First, this study contributes to the extant literature by analyzing the asymmetric response of consumer confidence to policy uncertainty, controlling for both the financial stress and stock price indices. Second, to test the robustness of the exercise, the study utilized different frequencies of observations. Third, this study is the first to utilize the concept of Arbatli et al. (2017) to formulate a combined index of uncertainty based on economic policy uncertainty index, along with uncertainty indices such as fiscal, monetary, trade and exchange rate policies to study the overall impact of policy uncertainty.
Fuzzy Frontiers? Testing the Fluidity of National, Partisan and Brexit Identities in the Aftermath of the 2016 Referendum

British and English national identities have long been considered to have porous boundaries whereby English individuals consider the terms more or less interchangeable. However, there is no empirical evidence to demonstrate whether primary feelings of either Britishness or Englishness are highly fluid within-individuals or whether individuals are consistent in their perceptions of their British or English identity. This is especially relevant in the post-Brexit referendum context where national identity is highly correlated with Brexit attitudes. Using panel data, we demonstrate that there is a notable degree of fluidity between identifying as British or English. This is higher than the fluidity between other national identities in the UK as well as more fluid than moving between any partisan or EU referendum identities. Remainers are more fluid than Leavers in their Englishness, whereas they are similar in the fluidity of their Britishness.
Control of Fuel Cell Power Systems: Principles, Modeling, Analysis and Feedback Design

1 Background and Introduction. - 2 Fuel Cell System Model: Auxiliary Components. - 3 Fuel Cell System Model: Fuel Cell Stack. - 4 Fuel Cell System Model: Analysis and Simulation. - 5 Air Flow Control for Fuel Cell Cathode Oxygen Reactant. - 6 Natural Gas Fuel Processor System Model. - 7 Control of Natural Gas Fuel Processor. - 8 Closing Remarks. - A Miscellaneous Equations, Tables, and Figures. - A.1 FCS Air Flow Control Design. - A.2 FPS Control Design. - References.
EARLY RESULTS OF SEAT BELT LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The study which documented the impact of laws requiring the wearing of seat belts, included the analysis of (1) changes in belt use rates observed on the highways among those required by law to use belts; (2) changes in non-fatal and fatal motor vehicle crash injuries among those required by law to use belts; and (3) changes in observed belt use, fatal and non-fatal motor vehicle crash injuries among those not required by law to use belts. It was found that belt use changed markedly with onset of the law in virtually every state reporting, but use in several states is not as high as 50%, thus limiting the casualty reduction benefit that can be expected. Differential use is seen related to sex, vehicle type, etc., which has implications for enforcement and promotional efforts. The document also discusses the fatal crash data from eight seat belt law states compared to all other non-law states.
Sustainable Construction in the 21st Century: An Educational Perspective to Shifting the Paradigm

Sustainability is a ubiquitous topic debated across the globe. The potential of the construction industry to alleviate the effects of environmental damage whilst contributing to the social and economic dimension of sustainability are great. Despite many efforts by both Government and Higher Education Institutions, the adoption of sustainable construction practices is well below where it needs to be. Much work needs to be done in reprogramming the minds of those in an economically facing industry to ensure a sustainable future. This research looks at the efficacy of an educational intervention for such change and the use of psychological variables in assisting the process. This thesis contributes to original knowledge through the development of a validated measurement tool designed to measure attitudes towards sustainable development in a construction context. The tool was used to investigate associations between attitudes and psychological constructs. The research makes a further contribution through the development of an educational intervention which supports the use of alternative pedagogies for sustainability education.The research was conducted in four phases, with phases one and three making the contribution to knowledge. A concurrent mixed methodology approach was adopted utilising an embedded design. Quantitative data was collected in phase one with this phase running concurrently alongside the other phases throughout the project. Qualitative data was collected in phases two and four with phase three adopting a mixed model approach.The conclusions drawn from phase one were that there are associations between emotional self-efficacy and positive attitudes towards sustainability but not with optimism. Phase two highlighted that changes in attitudes towards sustainability would need to be driven through, legislation, education and leadership. This resulted in the development of an intervention with students at LJMU based on principles of student-centred learning. Analysis of the student feedback indicated that the intervention had a positive impact on students with perceptions changing as to how important sustainability is and how important the construction industry is for this to be achieved. The intervention tool developed within this research has the potential to be adapted for use with a wide variety of audiences, in particular those in positions of high level decision making. A top-down and a bottom-up approach is recommended if we are to achieve the aspiration of a sustainable future.
An Estimate of the Size and Shape of Sunspot Cycle 24 Based on Its Early Cycle Behavior Using the Hathaway-Wilson-Reichmann Shape-Fitting Function

On the basis of 12-month moving averages (12-mma) of monthly mean sunspot number (R), sunspot cycle 24 had its minimum amplitude (Rm = 1.7) in December 2008. At 12 mo past minimum, R measured 8.3, and at 18 mo past minimum, it measured 16.4. Thus far, the maximum month-to-month rate of rise in 12-mma values of monthly mean sunspot number (AR(t) max) has been 1.7, having occurred at elapsed times past minimum amplitude (t) of 14 and 15 mo. Compared to other sunspot cycles of the modern era, cycle 24? s Rm and AR(t) max (as observed so far) are the smallest on record, suggesting that it likely will be a slow-rising, long-period sunspot cycle of below average maximum amplitude (RM). Supporting this view is the now observed relative strength of cycle 24? s geomagnetic minimum amplitude as measured using the 12-mma value of the aa-geomagnetic index (aam = 8.4), which also is the smallest on record, having occurred at t equals 8 and 9 mo. From the method of Ohl (the inferred preferential association between RM and aam), one predicts RM = 55 +/- 17 (the ? 1 se prediction interval) for cycle 24. Furthermore, from the Waldmeier effect (the inferred preferential association between the ascent duration (ASC) and RM) one predicts an ASC longer than 48 mo for cycle 24; hence, maximum amplitude occurrence should be after December 2012. Application of the Hathaway-Wilson-Reichmann shape-fitting function, using an RM = 70 and ASC = 56 mo, is found to adequately fit the early sunspot number growth of cycle 24.
Analisis Pemasaran Terhadap Bisnis Online (E-Commerce) Dalam Jaringan Sosial Internet

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tentang adanya pengaruh antara bisnis online (e-commerce) terhadap jaringan sosial internet yang mempunyai keterkaitan antara marketing mix yaitu sistem pemasaran antara sistem pemasaran tradisional dan sistem pemasaran modern hal ini dapat menjadi landasan pada pemasaran dalam e-commerce. Dalam pengaruhnya antara jaringan sosial internet diharapkan dapat mengetahui kinerja pemasaran yang ada dalam bisnis online serta penerapannya dalam transaksi jual beli yang dilakukan dalam internet maupun dalam industry yang semakin berkembang dalam pengembangan strategi pemasaran dalam media elektronik seperti internet yang semakin banyak dari tahun ke tahun membuat bisnis online semakin diminati oleh banyak kalangan. Jenis Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pemasaran dalam jaringan sosial maupun e-commerce yang berkaitan dengan metode pemasaran modern maupun tradisional yang disusun dalam marketing mix hal ini dapat dilihat melalui strategi pemasarannya pada internet dan diukur berdasarkan intensitas pengguna (user) melalui sebuah data. Berdasarkan pada jenis dan metode penelitian maka jenis penelitian ini dapat menggunakan metode kualitatif , dimana data yang diperoleh berdasarkan sistem pemasaran pada sebuah website internet dapat diinterpretasikan dengan bentuk data atau dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pengaruh perkembangan teknologi tersebut menyebabkan dunia perdagangan dituntut untuk menawarkan sebuah konsep perdagangan baru melalui jaringan internet yang disebut dengan emarketing. Dimana dengan konsep baru ini pemasaran dapat dilakukan dengan lebih cepat dan akurat dan para pedagang dapat menjangkau daerah pemasaran hingga keseluruh dunia. Akan tetapi melalui pasar E-commerce sekarang ini belum berdampak besar terhadap peningkatan penjualan dan omset dan teknologi informasi memberikan peranan yang besar dalam aspek pengelolaan bisnis. Salah satu teknologi informasi yang sampai saat ini banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dunia adalah internet sedangkan E-Commerce merupakan salah satu cara yang efektif untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan omset tetapi e-commerce bukan cara yang terbaik.
Transient Stability Enhancement of Wind Generator by a New Logical Pitch Controller (特集:環境問題と電力・エネルギーシステム)

In order to investigate the impacts of the integration of wind farms into utilities networks, transient stability should be analyzed before connecting wind turbine generator system (WTGS) to the power system. In this paper, a new logical pitch controller equipped with fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been proposed, which can enhance the transient performance of WTGS during severe network disturbances. Moreover, it can maintain the output power at rated level when wind speed is over the rated speed. Before transient stability analysis, it is necessary to determine initial values of WTGS connected to the external network. In this paper, the initial value calculation method of WTGS is discussed at different wind conditions. Finally, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in improving the transient stability, simulations have been carried out for severe network disturbances and windy conditions, considering mechanical dead zone of the pitch actuation system. Simulation results clearly indicate that the proposed controller can enhance the transient stability of wind generator at any network, fault or windy condition, and maintain output power of wind generator at rated level when wind speed is over the rated speed.
Competency based learning: technology, management, and design

This volume looks at the management of learning and breaks the subject down into four main areas. The first is planning, in which the task is analysed, needs are identified and objectives are written. The second is organising, in which teaching tatics, class size, audiovisual aids and strategies are selected. The third is leading, in which student motivation, teaching strategy, older students and psychomotor skills are discussed. The final part is controlling, in which evaluation of courses and learning is discussed as well as the concept of managing by learning objectives.