Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FLUCTUATING THERMAL AND MASS DIFFUSION ON UNSTEADY MHD CONVECTION OF A MICROPOLAR FLUID THROUGH A POROUS MEDIUM PAST A VERTICAL PLATE IN SLIP-FLOW REGIME

In this paper, an analytical studies on MHD flow of a micropolar fluid due to heat and mass transfer through a porous medium bounded by an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field in slip-flow regime is discussed. The effects of flow parameters and thermophysical properties on the flow, temperature and concentration fields across the boundary layer are investigated. The forms of wall shear stress, wall couple stress, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are derived. The results are shown in figures and tables followed by a quantitative discussion.
THE CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION EFFICIENCY OF PONGAMIA PINNATA OF SIDEWALK TREE

【Abstract】The Carbon Dioxide fixation efficiency of Pongamia pinnata which will be a reference for sidewalk trees planning afterward, was analyzed by measuring net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance rate, air temperature, light intensity, relative humidity and the concentration CO2, from 8 am to 4 pm, one sunny day of every month. In upper leaf , the mean value of net photosynthetic rate was 3.04 μ mol ms,transpiration rate was 0.93 m mol ms,stomatal conductance rate was 91.89 m mol ms,leaf temperature was 25.59°C,light intensity was 555.08 μ mol ms,relative humidity was 53% and the concentration of carbon dioxide was 340.42 μ LL,In aspect of lower leaf , the mean value of net photosynthetic rate was 2.17 μ mol ms,transpiration rate was 0.72 m mol ms,stomatal conductance rate was 87.61 m mol ms,leaf temperature was 24.82°C,light intensity was 347.5 μ mol ms,relative humidity was 51% and the concentration of carbon dioxide was 340.50 μ LL for one year, the carbon dioxide fixation of whole tree estimated was 18.02 kg. 【Key words】 Pongamia pinnata, Net photosynthetic rate, Transpiration rate, Stomatal conductance rate
Bioleaching Behavior of Cu and Co by Aspergillus Niger Strains from Molasses Culture

For the recovery of Co and Cu, bioleaching behavior of Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Al by Aspergillus niger culture from the molasses growth medium was investigated. Series of leaching tests have been conducted by varying Aspergillus niger’s type, molasses concentration in the growth medium, pulp density and reaction time. The results showed that increase of the molasses concentration in the growth medium from 1% to 4% increased the leaching percentage of Co and Cu and the optimal molesses concentration was found to be 4% in the growth medium. Maxinum 90% of Co and 70% of Cu were dissolved from the leaching test at the 10 g/L pulp density, 4 % of molasses concentration in the growth medium after 21 days by Aspergillus niger KCTC 6985 . But in case of using Aspergillus niger KCTC 6144 , the maxium leaching percentage of Co and Cu was reached 90% respectively at a pulp density 5 g/L and 4% of molasses concentration.
Formulation of weaning food from fermented maize, rice, soybean and fishmeal.

The use of fermented maize flour, soybean flour, rice flour and fish meal in weaning food formulation was investigated. Two blends, A and B, were formulated with and without fishmeal respectively. Blend A had soybean (20.09%), maize flour (43.96%), rice (31.81%) and fishmeal (4.14%) whilst Blend B had soybean (25.97%), maize flour (51.53%) and rice flour (22.5%). Chemical, sensory, microbial and shelf life evaluations were conducted. The protein and energy content in A and B were 19.13% and 404.34 kcal; 17.18% and 395.43 kcal respectively. The blends had low levels of minerals due to the removal of fish bones and grain pomace during formulation. The microbial count of the formulations - 1 x 10 cfu/ml of bacteria in A and B, 2 x 10 cfu/ml and 1.5 x 10 cfu/ml of mould in A and B respectively and 1.8 x 10 cfu/ml and 2.0 x 10 2 2 2 2 cfu/ml of yeast in A and B-were within the acceptable range of 1 x 10 cfu/ml, hence they are wholesome for 5
Photoinduced inverse spin Hall effect in Pt/Ge(001) at room temperature

We performed photoinduced inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements on a Pt/Ge(001) junction at room temperature. The spin-oriented electrons, photogenerated at the direct gap of Ge using circularly polarized light, provide a net spin current, which yields an electromotive field EISHE in the Pt layer. Such a signal is clearly detected at room temperature despite the strong Γ to L scattering, which electrons undergo in the Ge conduction band. The ISHE signal dependence on the exciting photon energy is in good agreement with the electron spin polarization expected for optical orientation at the direct gap of Ge.
Analysis of Recovered Solvents from Coal Liquefaction in a Flowing-Solvent Reactor by SEC and UV-Fluorescence

Point of Ayr coal has been extracted using three solvents: tetralin, quinoline and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP); at two temperatures: 350°C and 450°C, corresponding approximately to before and after the onset of massive covalent bond scission by pyrolysis. These solvents differ in solvent power and the ability to donate hydrogen atoms to stabilize free radicals produced by pyrolysis of the coal. Analysis of the fresh solvents and recovered solvents from coal liquefaction was achieved by size exclusion chromatography and UV-fluorescence spectroscopy. In the blank run, it was testified that the filling material sand and the steel powder did not react with solvent with increasing reaction temperature. The role of hydrogen donation in the tetralin extracts was to increase the proportion of large molecules with increasing extraction temperature. Quinoline and NMP both have the powerful extracting capability to get more materials out of coal with increasing extraction temperature.
A comparison of the effects of some post‐slaughter treatments on the tenderness of beef

Summary The tenderness of most of the major muscles in beef animals, subjected to different hanging treatments at 0–1°C after slaughter, have been compared at 2–3 days post-slaughter (non-aged) and at 21 days post-slaughter (aged). It has been shown that hanging from the aitch bone gives tenderness values for the non-aged meat equivalent to 21 days ageing at 0–1°G for meat obtained from sides hung from the Achilles tendon. Adhesion between meat fibres was significantly reduced by stretching, but was not affected by ageing. The objective and subjective measurements showed that while stretching substantially reduced toughness due to the meat fibres, the effect of stretching on connective tissue was not always large enough to give tender meat.
Phosphorus sorption isotherm characteristics and availability parameters of Appalachian acidic soils

Abstract Phosphate (P) sorption isotherms have been widely used to characterize the P status and to establish fertilizer requirements of soils. Recently, mechanistic models have successfully described the nutrient uptake by plants under changing soil and plant parameters. Phosphorus sorption characteristics of eleven representative soils of the Appalachian Region of the United States were evaluated, and experimental P adsorption data were fitted to Temkin, Freundlich, and Langmuir equations to determine the relative importance of the soil parameters in P retention and supply to plant roots. The Barber and Cushman model was used to predict the effect of P fertilization on P uptake by plant. The soils of Appalachia differ considerably with respect to the retention of added P. All three isotherm equations gave good fit with the experimental data and were reliable to describe the P quantity/ intensity relationships of these soils. The following sequence of P adsorption capacity in various soils was establishe.
Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of acrylic acid/acrylonitrile onto LDPE and PET films and its biodegradability

Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid/acrylonitrile (AAc/AN) comonomer onto low-density poly(ethylene) (LDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films using direct radiation grafting technique has been investigated. The effect of different reaction conditions on the grafting yield was studied. The structure of the grafted films at different compositions was characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XRD. Biodegradation of grafted LDPE and PET was investigated by burial method in two types of Egyptian soils (agricultural and desert soils). The bacteria responsible for biodegradation were isolated and characterized, and the capacities for the growth on these polymers as substrates were compared. The isolates from agricultural soil were characterized as Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Proteus, and Enterobacter, whereas the isolates from desert soil were characterized as Alcaligenes, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. The highest degradation rate was found to be achieved using agricultural soil. It is found that the isolated strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas were mainly responsible for the degradation of both polymers. It has also been found that the increase of AAc ratio in the composition increases the hydrophilicity of the films and the degradation rate. PET polymer is generally found to be more resistant to the biodegradation than LDPE in the two types of soils tested. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Über die Lignine der Bastfasern

Harada, H. and A. B. Wardrop, J. Jap. Wood Res. Soc. 6, 34 (1960). Harlow, W. L. , Ind. Eng. Chem. 23 [4], 419 (1931). Harris, J. M. , New Phytologist 53, 517 (1954). Hunt, G. M. and G. A. Garratt , Wood Preservation, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Inc., New York (1953). Jensen, W. , B. C. Fogelberg and M. Johansen, Paperi Ja Pun, 42, 393 (1960). Kerr, T. and I. W. Bailey, J.Arnold Arboretum 15, 327(1934). Lange, P. W. , Svensk Papperstidn. 50 [nB], 130 (1947). Lange, P. W. , Svensk Papperstidn. 57, 501 (1954). Lange, P. W. and A. Kjaer, Norsk Skogind n, 425 (1957). Lange, P. W. and E. Lindvall , Svens Papperstidn. 57, i (1954). Liese, W. , Proceedings International Conference on Electron Microscopy, London 550 (1956). Phillips, E. W. J., Forestry 7, 109 (1933). Preston, R. D. , Brit. Wood Pres. Assoc. Record of Annual Covention 31 (1959). S a ch s, J., Textbook of Botany [Clarendon Press, Oxford] (i 882). Schulze, B. and G. Theden, Holzforschung 4, 79 (1950). Stemsrud, F. , Holzforschung 10, 69 (1956). S tone, J. E. and H. V. Green, Pulp and Pap. Mag. Canada 59, 223 (1959). Tamblyn, N. , Penetration of Chemicals into Wood. Paper presented to Section VI, Session F, Topic i, of Fifth World Forestry Conference, Seattle (1960). Walchi, O. W. , Holzforschung i, 20 (1947). Wardrop, A. B. , Aust. J. Bot. 2, 165 (1954). Wardrop, A. B. and H. E. Dadswell, Holzforschung u, 33 (1957). Wardrop, A.B. ,H.E. Dadswell and G.W. Davies, APPITA Journal. In press (1961).
Preparation and Characterization of Platinum Nanorods Using Ascorbic Acid as the Reducing Agent

Nanorods of platinum with an average length of 500-1000nm have been prepared by a simple reaction between H2PtCl6·6H2O and ascorbic acid in the presence of deionized gelatin at room temperature. Gelatin played a decisive role as an inhibitor of the direct reaction of ascorbic acid with H2PtCl6·6H2O and coagulation of the growing platinum in producing the nanorods. In the absence of gelatin, we can only obtain irregular large platinum particles. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectra.
Rise velocity verification of bubble-floc agglomerates using population balance in the DAF process

The dimension of the separation zone in the dissolved air flotation (DAF) process is practically determined by the rise velocity of the bubble-floc agglomerates: flocs attached to several bubbles. To improve the flotation velocity and particle removal efficiency in the DAF process, many researchers have tried to attach as many bubbles as possible to flocs. In this study, the rise velocity of bubble-floc agglomerates, considered to be the most important factor in designing the separation zone of the flotation tank in the DAF process, was investigated on the basis of comparison between theoretical and observed results. The observed rise velocity measured by a particle image analyser (PIA) and the predicted value, however, did not show similarity, in contrast to what we had expected. Furthermore, the simulated results using population balance to predict the maximum number of attached bubbles on a floc were too impractical to accept under the practical condition of the surface of the floc if there was no change of bubble size. These findings led us to suggest that there were three possible causes which could conceivably explain the observations. It was suggested that the differences between predicted and observed values could be attributed to one or more of the possible causes.
Motion of spherical particles in a Bingham plastic

This paper describes an investigation of the settling characteristics of spherical particles in Bingham plastic fluids. A stress analysis is used to derive a nondimensional parameter which describes the laminar settling regime. The terminal velocities of spheres in the Reynolds number range of 2 to 130 have been determined. These, together with published data at higher Reynolds numbers, are shown to substantiate the theoretical argument. A correlation of drag coefficient as a function of the settling parameter indicates the transition from laminar to turbulent settling.
Effect of Physicochemical Soil Characteristics on Copper and Lead Solubility in Polluted and Unpolluted Soils

Total metal content in the soil in itself is insufficient as a measure to indicate the actual environmental risks involved with soil contamination. Understanding the mobility of heavy metals in the soil and their speciation in the soil solution is of great importance for accurately assessing environmental risks posed by these metals. Solid-solution partition coefficients (soil-water distribution coefficient [Kd]) for copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were analyzed in a range of clean and contaminated agricultural soils, and metal speciation in soil solution was assessed. The influence of variables such as pH, soil organic carbon, clay content, and total soil metal concentration on the solid-solution partitioning and speciation of Cu and Pb were evaluated using multiple regression models. The best models were obtained for Kd that are based on total metal concentrations in both the soil solid phase, and the pore water and the various metal binding phases. In general, between 70% and 90% of the total variance was explained. The explained variance was significantly increased by taking the activity of the free metal into account. Strong correlations (R2 = 0.88) were obtained by multiple regression analysis involving free metal ion (Cu2+, Pb2+) concentrations calculated with the equilibrium speciation model, Windermere Humic Aqueous Model/Model VI.
Density changes around phosphorus granules and fluid bands in a calcareous soil

We employed x-ray computed microtomography (X-ray CT) to observe differences in moisture around fertilizer P granules (monoammonium phosphate, MAP) versus injection zones of fluid P fertilizer (technical grade monoammonium phosphate, TG MAP) in a calcareous soil over time. X-ray CT allows nondestructive visualization of small columns containing soils and fertilizers. We were able to visualize the increase in density around the highly hygroscopic fertilizer granule over time. It appeared that both water flow toward the granule and precipitation of P could be responsible for the development of about 1 mm thick high density zone immediately adjacent to the granule. The mass flow of water toward the granule may have slowed or restricted the diffusion of fertilizer P from the granule, thus increasing the chances for P fixation through precipitation reactions. Also, the granule became less dense with time indicating the progress of granule dissolution. In contrast, injection of fluid fertilizer (TG-MAP) in soil did not result in moisture changes over time as evidenced by a lack of X-ray CT detectable density differences in the soil column. These data support previous findings that, when P is supplied in granular form, P diffusion and isotopic lability in calcareous soils are reduced compared with equivalent liquid fertilizer formulations, probably due to precipitation reactions induced by osmotically induced flow of soil moisture into the fertilizer granule.
Methacrylate monoliths prepared from various hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers – Structural and chromatographic characteristics

Methacrylate-based monoliths are formed during radical copolymerization as a consequence of the precipitation of polymeric chains from the reaction mixture, which consists of monomers, initiator, and the porogenic solvents. The effect of various methacrylate monomers on the porous structure of the monolith was investigated. Although the chemical structure of the monomers significantly affects the size of the pores and the porosity, the mechanism of pore formation in the case of the precipitation during polymerization is preserved. The porous structure was further correlated with the specific surface area, pressure drop, and dynamic binding capacity of the monoliths studied.
Long-term sorption of halogenated organic chemicals by aquifer material. 2. Intraparticle diffusion

The rate of sorptive uptake of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) was studied on sandy aquifer material from Borden, ON, by use of a batch methodology designed to accurately measure sorption over long equilibration periods. Measured rates of uptake were interpreted with an intraparticle diffusion model and diffusive rate constants were determined for different size fractions of the Borden solids as well as with pulverized material. In general, measured rates were quite slow in comparison with previously reported results in other systems. The rate constants for TeCB were consistently lower than for PCE, with inverse correlation between observed rate constants and equilibrium distribution coefficients, consistent with a concept of retarded intraparticle diffusion. Good model fits with the coarsest size fractions and dramatic increases in rate with particle pulverization suggest that sorption occurs throughout the grain volume and that particle radius may be the appropriate length scale for diffusion. Based on measured particle size and independent estimates of porosity and internal retardation, effective pore diffusion coefficients are estimated to be roughly 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than bulk aqueous diffusivities, consistent with the low porosity of the calcareous rock fragments studied and an additional 3- to 20-fold rate reduction due tomore » constrictive effects of pore size. Interpretations of results assuming intraorganic matter diffusion are also presented and discussed. 57 refs.« less
Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity and Job Stress among Police Officers

Purpose - The general aims of this study were to identify the relationship between role conflict and job stress in police officers; (ii) to identify the relationship between role ambiguity and job stress in police officers; (iii) to validate the positive relationship between role conflict and role ambiguity on the job stress in police officers.Judeh (2011) argued that no existence of consensus related to organizational factors that lead to job stress in police settings. A little studies to the job stress issues in police officers in Southern Asia and Malaysia area (Masilamani et. al., 2013). According to Wong (2003), political factors, differences in practice and theory, conservative organizational settings and the need to protect confidential information are the constraints that researchers encounter in conducting study in police settings.Role conflict and job stress has a significant positive relationship (Quarat-ul-ain, Khattak & Iqbal, 2013). Role conflict and role ambiguity lead to job stress (Idris, 2011; Muchinsky, 2000). Role conflict contributed to 41% to job stress (Hsu et al., 2010). Role ambiguity plays a significant role in reducing job stress (Ramadan; 2013). The evaluation of threats, barriers and challenge were different and closely related to role conflict and job stress (Tuckey, Searle, Boyd, Winefeld & Winefeld, 2015). The clash of role conflict and ambiguity caused wrong doing in police officers (Yesiltas; 2014; Cooper, 2012). The main result of this study summarized that there is a significant relationship between role conflict and ambiguity to job stress in police officers Methodology - The study sample was comprised of 280 police officers from several contingents using purposive sampling process due to the constraint to access the particular sample and private confidential that practiced by police. A questionnaire was used to collect the data consisted of role conflict and ambiguity issues developed by Rizzo et al. (1970). The second part was to measure job stress variable using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) presented by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995). Analysis data was used Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).
Dietary Fibre Content and Composition of Some Edible Fungi Determined by Two Methods of Analysis

Six common edible fungi from four orders of Basidiomycetes, namely Agaricus bisporus (Agaricales), Auricularia auricula and Auricularia polytricha (Auriculariales), Tremella fuciformis (Tremellates), Ganoderma lucidum and Poria cocos (Aphyllophorales), were analysed for their total dietary fibre (TDF) content using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method and for dietary fibre content and composition using the Uppsala method. The non-protein nitrogen contributed from fungal chitin was corrected in the fibre residue obtained by the AOAC method. The TDF content measured by the AOAC method was always greater than that of the Uppsala method. The TDF content determined by the AOAC and Uppsala methods ranged from 182 and 132 g kg-1 (dry matter) in A bisporus to 735 and 711 g kg-1 (dry matter) in P cocos, respectively. Neutral and amino sugars were the dominant sugars in all the fungi. Sugar composition of the TDF reflected that the major cell wall polysaccharides in most fungi were hemicelluloses, such as β-glucan and glucuronoxylomannan, pectic substances and chitin. Judging from their high fibre content and unique fibre composition, edible fungi have considerable value as sources of dietary fibre in human nutrition. © 1997 SCI.
Establishment techniques to using willow for phytoremediation on a former oil refinery in southern Quebec: achievements and constraints

The remediation of former industrial sites using plants often requires a diversity of approaches to address different pollutants at different soil depths. Plant establishment is one of the most important phases in any phytoremediation project. In this article, we describe the results of two phytoremediation approaches corresponding to different sectors on the site of a former oil refinery in the Montreal region (Quebec, Canada). The first approach was conceived to remedy a deep, polluted plume contaminated mainly by organics, in the sector called EDC-VCM. The second dealt with decontamination of shallow soil (GERLED) polluted by a mixture of organics and heavy metals. The first approach showed a high mortality rate during establishment and resulted in failure. We attribute this to probable sensitivity of the plant roots to anoxia in deep soil. However, more research is needed on this topic. The establishment at the GERLED site was successful in terms of growth and survival. On this site, soil under willow plants showed a significantly lower concentration of both organic and heavy metal contaminants, which represents a very positive and encouraging result after a single growing season.