Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Readiness of Telepharmacy among Hospital Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia

Telepharmacy is a technology-based service that provides promoted services such as counseling, medication administration and compounding, drug therapy monitoring, and prescription review. It is unclear whether hospital pharmacists possess the necessary knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to practice telepharmacy. The current study sought to investigate Saudi Arabian hospital pharmacists’ understanding, attitudes, and level of preparedness for telepharmacy services. A total of 411 pharmacists responded to the survey. Only 43.33% of the respondents agreed that telepharmacy is available in Saudi Arabia and 36.67% of the respondents agreed that patients in rural areas can have more medication access and information via telepharmacy. Only 29.33% of pharmacists agreed that telepharmacy improves patient medication adherence, and about 34.00% of the pharmacists agreed that telepharmacy saves patients money and time by eliminating the need for them to travel to healthcare facilities. This research found that hospital pharmacists were unsure of their level of knowledge, their attitude toward telepharmacy, and their willingness to incorporate it into their future pharmacy practices. To ensure that tomorrow’s pharmacists have the skills they need to provide telepharmacy services, telepharmacy practice models must be incorporated into the educational programs that prepare them.
Does Merchant Guild Culture Reduce the Cost of Debt? Evidence from China

ABSTRACT Using hand-collected data on merchant guild culture and a sample over 2003–2019, this study examines the effect of merchant guild culture on the cost of debt. Our findings reveal that merchant guild culture is negatively associated with the cost of debt, suggesting that merchant guild culture rooted in ancient China continuously affects corporate behaviour, builds the borrower-lender trust relationship by strengthening ethical standards of borrowers, and eventually reduces the cost of debt. The above findings are robust to a variety of sensitivity tests and using the PSM approach, two-stage IV regression procedures and regression discontinuity design to address the endogeneity. Moreover, channel tests show that merchant guild culture reduces the cost of debt by depressing the default risks. Furthermore, our main findings are more pronounced for firms in regions with lower extent of Marketisation and higher risk taking, firms with lower managerial ownership and lower ratio of independent directors.
Blood Donation Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices during COVID-19 Pandemic: Questionnaire-Based Study in Saudi Arabia

Results The level of good knowledge of the blood donation process and perceptions constituted more than 52.2% and 52.9%, respectively, of the participants. The biggest motivation for the donation process was the awareness campaigns, which amounted to 52.5%, and the biggest obstacle to the blood donation procedure is the lack of health fitness. It has been found that 43.0% of those who completed the questionnaire had donated blood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Though the high level of awareness of the importance of blood donation for COVID-19 patients, as well as the satisfaction with the experience of blood donation for patients, the level of general knowledge remains average.
Potential Use of Wearable Inertial Sensors to Assess and Train Deep Cervical Flexors: A Feasibility Study with Real Time Synchronization of Kinematic and Pressure Data during the Craniocervical Flexion Test

The aim of the study was to develop a novel real-time, computer-based synchronization system to continuously record pressure and craniocervical flexion ROM (range of motion) during the CCFT (craniocervical flexion test) in order to assess its feasibility for measuring and discriminating the values of ROM between different pressure levels. This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, feasibility study. Participants performed a full-range craniocervical flexion and the CCFT. During the CCFT, a pressure sensor and a wireless inertial sensor simultaneously registered data of pressure and ROM. A web application was developed using HTML and NodeJS technologies. Forty-five participants successfully finished the study protocol (20 males, 25 females; 32 (11.48) years). ANOVAs showed large effect significant interactions between pressure levels and the percentage of full craniocervical flexion ROM when considering the 6 pressure reference levels of the CCFT (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.697), 11 pressure levels separated by 1 mmHg (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.683), and 21 pressure levels separated by 0.5 mmHg (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.671). The novel time synchronizing system seems a feasible option to provide real-time monitoring of both pressure and ROM, which could serve as reference targets to further investigate the potential use of inertial sensor technology to assess or train deep cervical flexors.
Barotropic instability of an initial value problem

A numerical study is done on the time-evolution of Rossby waves in a sheared zonal flow in a finite domain. Cases with and without an inflection point in the meridional gradient of the potential vorticity of the basic state are considered. For the case with an inflection point, both stable and unstable (exponentially) cases are considered. The conclusions on the development of a wave packet as an initial condition drawn by Warsham (1983) using numerical methods and Tung (1983) using asymptotics in an infinite domain are the same provided the wave packet does not interact with the walls. For the case with an inflection point, using a modified version of the wave packet analysis of Tung (1983) and combining it with the theory of overreflection developed by Lindzen and Tung (1978), one is able to predict and explain qualitatively the time-evolution of an initial condition. Distinct features (stationary or transient) can be observed in the Fourier spectrum of the vorticity depending on whether the initial condition develops into a normal mode or not respectively. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Ka-Kit Tung Title: Associate Professor of Mathematics
Global patterns and predictors of avian population density

Aim: How population density varies across animal species in the context of environmental gradients, and associated migratory strategies, remains poorly understood. The recent influx of avian trait data and population density estimates allows these patterns to be described and explored in unprecedented detail. This study aims to identify the main macroecological drivers of population density in birds.
Effects of oxygen vacancies on dielectric, electrical, and ferroelectric properties of Ba4Nd2Fe2Nb8O30 ceramics

Effects of oxygen vacancies on the dielectric, electrical, and ferroelectric properties of Ba4Nd2Fe2Nb8O30 ceramics were investigated. A dielectric relaxation above Tc can be ascribed to the trap-controlled ac conduction around doubly ionized oxygen vacancies. The dc conductivity of the N2-annealed and O2-annealed samples is attributed to the long-range motion of the Vo⋅⋅, and that of the as-sintered sample is considered to be governed by the electronic and oxygen-vacancy ionic mixed conduction mechanism. Low concentration and random distributed oxygen vacancies are propitious to the domain switching, while high concentration and allied oxygen defects hinder the domain-wall movement.
Edge‐Driven Convection Melting Before the Emplacement of the Afar Mantle Plume Head Inferred From 40Ar/39Ar Dating

The Ethiopia‐Yemen flood basalts are spatially zoned with progressively lower TiO2 lavas from near the Afar depression toward the margins. The timing and rate of emplacement of low TiO2 (LT) lavas are poorly known compared with the ultra‐high TiO2 (HT2) lavas. We measured two high‐precision 40Ar/39Ar ages of 29.63 ± 0.14 and 30.02 ± 0.22 Ma (2σ) from basalts of the 2‐km‐thick LT lava sequence at the Afar plume head margin. Using our eruption age model constructed from our and previous 40Ar/39Ar ages with the paleomagnetic directions, we estimate that the LT lava eruption continued over Chrons C12r‐C12n‐C11r. The eruption of the plume head margin started earlier than the plume head axis emplacement in C12n. Also, the eruption rate was low at the margin, high at the axis. We estimate that the LT lavas are induced by the edge‐driven convection, the result of a plume‐lithosphere interaction, not a plume head.
Association between Time from Dinner to Bedtime and Sleep Quality Indices in the Young Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sleep quality (duration, efficiency, and latency) is directly associated with human health. An interventional study reported that the time of dinner influenced sleep latency, suggesting that it may also be associated with other sleep quality indices under free-living conditions. Therefore, we cross-sectionally examined the association between the time from dinner to bedtime (TDB) and sleep quality indices under free-living conditions in the young Japanese population. Based on the TDB, 264 participants were separated into three quantiles (T1, ≤3.79 h; T2, 3.80–4.94 h; T3, ≥4.95 h from dinner to bedtime). The T1 (mean ± standard error; 26.4 ± 2.2 min, p = 0.081) and T2 groups (30.8 ± 2.2 min, p = 0.001) showed longer sleep latency compared to the T3 group (19.6 ± 2.2 min), after adjusting for confounding factors. Sleep efficiency in the T1 group (77.5 ± 1.6%) tended to be greater than in the T3 group (72.1 ± 1.6%, p = 0.061), whereas sleep efficiency in the T2 group was not significantly different (77.0 ± 1.6%) from that in the T1 group. Therefore, shortened TDB was associated with prolonged sleep latency in free-living conditions. Meal timing, especially dinner, should be considered along with other sleep hygiene measures to improve human health.
Recent Changes in the Concept of Matter: How Does 'Elementary Particle' Mean?

In this paper the author analyzes the recent history of the concept of matter by examining two criteria, in-principle-observability and noncompositeness, for use of the term 'elementary particle'. Arguing that how these criteria are employed sheds light on a change in what matter means, the author draws three conclusions. (1) Since the seventeenth century, in-principle-observability has undergone a progressive devaluation, if not abandonment, in favor of the criterion of theoretical simplicity. As a consequence, (2) the concept of matter has undergone a "third phase" of dematerialization. (This is an extension of the view of Russ Hanson, who described two such phases.) Finally, (3) the current concept of matter reveals a dilemma: if alleged elementary particles are verified through observation, they are composite and hence not elementary; if they are elementary, they are in-principle-unobservable.
Wolf-Rayet Stars

The properties and evolutionary status of WR stars are examined, reviewing the results of recent observational and theoretical investigations. Topics discussed include spectral types and line strengths, magnitudes and colors, intrinsic variability, IR and radio observations, X-ray observations, the Galactic distribution of WR stars, WR stars in other galaxies, and WR binaries. Consideration is given to the inferred masses, composition, and stellar winds of WR stars; model atmospheres; WR stars and the Galactic environment; and WR stars as a phase of stellar evolution. Diagrams, graphs, and tables of numerical data are provided.
In Situ Sustained Macrophage-Targeted Nanomicelle–Hydrogel Microspheres for Inhibiting Osteoarthritis

There are still challenges in applying drug nanocarriers for in situ sustained macrophage targeting and regulation, due to the rapid clearance of nanocarriers and burst drug release in vivo. Herein, a nanomicelle–hydrogel microsphere, characterized by its macrophage-targeted nanosized secondary structure that allows it to accurately bind to M1 macrophages through active endocytosis, is employed for in situ sustained macrophage targeting and regulation, and addresses the insufficient osteoarthritis therapeutic efficacy caused by rapid clearance of drug nanocarriers. The 3-dimensional structure of a microsphere can prevent the rapid escape and clearance of a nanomicelle, thus keeping it in joints, while the ligand-guided secondary structure can carry drugs to accurately target and enter M1 macrophages, and release drugs via the transition from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity of nanomicelles under inflammatory stimulation inside the macrophages. The experiments show that the nanomicelle–hydrogel microsphere can in situ sustainably target and regulate M1 macrophages for more than 14 days in joints, and attenuate local “cytokine storm” by continuous M1 macrophage apoptosis promotion and polarization inhibition. This micro/nano-hydrogel system shows excellent ability to sustainably target and regulate macrophage, realizes the improvement of drug utilization and efficacy inside the macrophage, and thereby can be a potential platform for treating macrophage-related diseases.
Students’ psychological state and its associated factors during an outbreak of COVID-19 in Pakistan: a web-based survey

PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented mental health repercussions in the lives of every individual including university students. Therefore, study on students’ psychological state and its associated factors during the pandemic are of importance. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned issue.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was done on a total of 207 university students of Pakistan to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, concerns or fears amidst COVID-19 and mental distress. Validated tools; Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)-Depression were used to assess stress, anxiety and depression, respectively.FindingsAround 14% of the university students were experiencing severe stress and anxiety, while 8.2% had severe depression. The authors found that stress among university students was related to psychiatric illness or symptoms (OR = 5.1: 1.1, 22.9) and unpredictability due to the pandemic (OR = 3.7: 1.2, 11.2). The significant determinants of anxiety were psychiatric illness/symptoms (OR = 6.6: 3.4, 12.9), implementation of public health measures (OR = 3.7: 1.1, 11.6), employed mothers (OR = 2.4: 1.1, 5.0) and lack of support from university administration (OR = 2.2: 1.0, 5.0). While the factors associated with depression included psychiatric illness or symptoms (OR = 8.4: 3.3, 21.5), unpredictability due to pandemic (OR = 6.8: 2.2, 20.7), impaired social support system (OR = 3.7: 1.3, 10.4) and studying without a scholarship (OR = 2.1: 1.0, 4.4). Research limitations/implicationsThese findings call for an urgent need to develop appropriate interventions and educational programs that could address the psychological needs of students.Practical implicationsThe study directs the role of university and faculty in dealing the mental health needs of the student in COVID-19 pandemic time.Social implicationsEducational programs are important that could address the psychological needs of students in COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueUniversity students reported mental distress during COVID-19 pandemic which shows that younger people are at risk of COVID-19 repercussions. Moreover, several stressors (i.e. impaired social support system and lack of support from universities) were revealed that could be mitigated by implementing appropriate strategies.
Coupling between the University of California, Davis, Advanced Canopy–Atmosphere–Soil Algorithm (ACASA) and MM5: Preliminary Results for July 1998 for Western North America

Abstract The University of California, Davis, Advanced Canopy–Atmosphere–Soil Algorithm (ACASA) is coupled to the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) as a land surface scheme. Simulations for July 1998 over western North America show that this coupling, the first between a mesoscale model and a land surface model of this complexity, is successful. Comparisons among model output, National Centers for Environmental Prediction–NCAR reanalysis fields, and station data show that MM5–ACASA generally reproduces near-surface temperature in a realistic fashion, but with a stronger diurnal cycle than observations suggest. A control run using the existing Louis/European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts land surface formulation produces unrealistically low temperatures associated with high latent heating and precipitation amounts over much of the model domain. Simulations of heat and moisture fluxes using the Biosphere–Atmospher.
The First Eigenvalue of a Small Geodesic Ball in a Riemannian Manifold

Soit (M,g) une variete de Riemann et λ 1 (e,m) la premiere valeur propre du laplacien dans la boule de rayon e autour de m avec conditions de frontiere nulles. On obtient trois termes du developpement asymptotique de λ 1 (e,m) ou les coefficients s'expriment en fonction de la courbure et de ses derivees. Par consequent, la premiere valeur propre de toute petite boule determine la metrique des espaces standards si la dimension de la variete est inferieure a 6
ST-DepthNet: A Spatio-Temporal Deep Network for Depth Completion Using a Single Non-Repetitive Circular Scanning Lidar

In this letter, we propose a novel depth image completion technique based on sparse consecutive measurements of a non-repetitive circular scanning (NRCS) Lidar, demonstrating the capabilities of a new, compact, and accessible sensor technology for dense range mapping of highly dynamic scenes. Our deep network called ST-DepthNet is composed of a spatio-temporally (ST) extended U-Net architecture, which accepts a very sparse range data sequence as input and produces a dense depth image stream of the same field-of-view ensuring a high level of spatial details and accuracy. For evaluation, we have constructed a new urban dataset, that – to our best knowledge as the first open Benchmark in this field – comprises various simulated and real-world NRCS Lidar data samples, allowing us to simultaneously train our model on synthetic data with Ground Truth, and to validate the result via real NRCS Lidar measurements. Using this new dataset, we have shown the superiority of our method against a densified depth map obtained from the raw sensor stream, and against two independent state-of-the-art deep-learning based Lidar-only depth completion methods.
Splash and Disengagement Zone Heat Transfer in a Propane-Burning Fluidized Bed

Experimental data on the heat transfer coefficients from a bubbling fluidized bed burner toward water-cooled confining walls placed above the free surface of the bed are scarce. The present work is an attempt to cover this gap. Experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor that was equipped with a double pipe heat exchanger located above the bubbling bed region. The bed was composed of silica sand particles and five different sizes were tested—107.5, 142.5, 180, 282.5, and 357.5 μm. The bed operating temperature ranged from 700°C to 820°C. Under these circumstances, heat is transferred to the membrane walls through three mechanisms: convection from the gas–solid flow, radiation from the bed surface or from the flame, and projection of solid particles away from the bed toward the confining walls. A correlation for the global heat transfer coefficient is proposed with an average deviation of ± 20%.
Configurations of Business Model Innovation: Unpacking the Practice Adopted by Firms in an Emerging Market Context

Building on the strategy-as-practice perspective, this exploratory study addresses an overlooked line of inquiry into the forms, differentiators, and performance differences of micro-activities underpinning business model innovation (BMI) in an emerging market in the backdrop of dominating studies on conceptualisations, descriptions, antecedents, and preconditions to BMI. Cluster analysis of 127 managerial-level employees’ responses gathered through a survey uncovered three forms of micro-activities underpinning BMI unique to the firms’ economic activity: finance-driven, offer and customer-driven, and multiple-epicentre-driven. The common focus on customer relationships element across the clusters confirmed the uniqueness of the BMI approach in an emerging market. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed the performance differences among the clusters. The interdependency of BMI dimensions and the approaches to aligning BMI dimensions are proposed for future research.
The Effect of Titanium Surface Topography on Adherent Macrophage Integrin and Cytokine Expression

Immunomodulatory biomaterials have the potential to stimulate an immune response able to promote constructive and functional tissue remodeling, as opposed to persistent inflammation and scar tissue formation. This study examined the effects of titanium surface modification on integrin expression and concurrent cytokine secretion by adherent macrophages in vitro in an attempt to delineate the molecular events involved in biomaterial-mediated immunomodulation. Non-polarised (M0) and inflammatory polarised (M1) macrophages were cultured on a relatively smooth (machined) titanium surface and two proprietary modified rough titanium surfaces (blasted and fluoride-modified) for 24 h. The physiochemical characteristics of the titanium surfaces were assessed by microscopy and profilometry, while macrophage integrin expression and cytokine secretion were determined using PCR and ELISA, respectively. After 24 h adhesion onto titanium, integrin α1 expression was downregulated in both M0 and M1 cells on all titanium surfaces. Expression of integrins α2, αM, β1 and β2 increased in M0 cells cultured on the machined surface only, whereas in M1 cells, expression of integrins α2, αM and β1 all increased with culture on both the machined and rough titanium surfaces. These results correlated with a cytokine secretory response whereby levels of IL-1β, IL-31 and TNF-α increased significantly in M1 cells cultured on the titanium surfaces. These results show that adherent inflammatory macrophages interact with titanium in a surface-dependent manner such that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-31 secreted by M1 cells were associated with higher expression of integrins α2, αM and β1.
Study on the ablation performance of semiconductor lasers on different materials

Laser ablation micropropulsion technology has the characteristics of high specific impulse, high thrust ratio and precise thrust control, which is a good choice for many micro/nano satellite power systems such as meteorology, remote sensing and reconnaissance. In order to provide optimal power support for micro-nano satellites and improve the propulsion performance of laser ablation microthrust, in this paper, the ablative material is GAP+3% nano carbon powder, doped with 5%, 8%, 10%, 15% LiAlH4 or 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% AP, respectively. A semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 975nm was used to ablate different doping substances and materials with different doping ratios, and the ablative properties were compared. The mechanism of the difference in ablative properties of different materials was analyzed by electron microscopy. The results show that LiAlH4 and AP can improve the laser ablation performance when they are mixed into GAP as oxidants because of their strong oxidability. When 10% LiAlH4 was added into the material, the average values of specific impulse and single impulse were 235s and 13. 36μN·s, respectively. The propulsive performance parameters of 10% doped AP are slightly lower, but the error is smaller and the propulsive performance is more stable.
The Decision-Making Process for Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion is recommended for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) who are experiencing dysphagia resulting in diminished food and oral intake. Unintended weight loss and malnutrition are negative prognostic factors in PALS. Insertion of