Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invited commentary: When and how to initiate systemic therapy in treating favorable risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Medical treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has dramatically changed recently. Six phase 3 randomized controlled trials have shown the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1 or PD-L1) in advanced clear cell renal cancer. Dual therapy (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 signaling or VEGF-targeted therapy) has previously been compared with a standard treatment—sunitinib. While the overall survival benefits of dual therapy over sunitinib have undoubtedly been proven for patients with International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) intermediate or poor risk, the presence of this benefit is still being debated in the IMDC favorable risk group. The IMDC score is the most common prognostic risk score for mRCC. It includes the following risk factors: time from diagnosis to systemic therapy (ST) <1year, Karnofsy performance status<80%, neutrophils >upper limit of normal (ULN), platelet>ULN, hemoglobin< lower limit of normal, and calcium>ULN. Patients without any of these risk factors are considered part of the IMDC favorable risk group. Recent clinical trials evaluating dual therapy versus sunitinib did not show benefits favoring the use of dual therapy in the favorable risk groups. Although the recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend pembrolizumab-axitinib, pembrolizumab-levantinib, and nivolumab-cabozantinib as the preferred treatment regimens for favorable risk groups, we should consider the potential risk of overtreatment if dual therapy is used for all. Favorable risk mRCC patients mostly display an indolent and asymptomatic disease, and deaths in these patients are often delayed, regardless of treatment modalities. Furthermore, there have been rare cases of spontaneous regression without precise incidence. Thus, patients with favorable risk mRCC can delay ST safely and opt for active surveillance (AS). To the best of our
The Association between the Injury Risks and the FMS among the Chinese High-Level Table Tennis Athletes

Objective: The objective was to examine the association between the Chinese high-level table tennis players’ FMS（Functional Movement Screen）scores and the potential risks of injury, and to evaluate which movement was closely associated with the injury risk of Chinese high-level table tennis players.Design: The ROC (receiver-operator characteristic) curve and discriminant formula was used to determine the relationship between the Chinese high-level table tennis athletes’ score on the FMS and the likelihood of injury risk.Set: The testing sites are located in State General Administration of Sport’s training centers.Participants:Eighty-one players consisting of nineteen males and sixty-two females were selected from Chinese table tennis national youth team and national excellent women’s training team. Main Outcome Measures: Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS). Results: The potential risks of injury whose scores were less than 12.5 points were about 28.5 times higher than those of players who got the scores more than 12.5points. Discriminant formula had screened out four test movements with injury risks among the Chinese high-level table tennis players, namely deep squat, rotary stability, hurdle step, and active straight-leg-raise.Conclusions:The injury risk threshold and the discriminant analysis could be employed together to predict the potential risks of injury using the FMS.
Distance to distrust: the dilemma for internal stakeholders in post COVID-19 hospitality

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to explore host attitudes towards tourism, which may have altered from what it had been, by the impact of the COVID-19. The study examines the possible altered nature of hospitableness, which would be relevant in the future opening of tourism destinations. The increased threats that tourism presents to the host community as a possible cause for the spread of epidemics and the impact of long-term social distancing are explored in the study. Hence, this study has investigated tourism attitudes from the host perspective. Positive and negative attitude to tourism, attitude towards the pandemic and future acceptance of the presence of tourists in their community were the variables measured in the study. The research was conducted among the residents of the city of Kottayam in Kerala, India. Considering the limitations imposed by COVID-19 restrictions, the survey was hosted online. The acceptance of tourists in close physical proximity was negatively perceived by the internal stakeholders. While there was a more positive attitude towards tourist presence in designated “tourist” spaces, there was lesser support of interaction in the more personally used “public” spaces. The role of personal benefits accruing from tourism as a moderating factor was also supported.
Audit Judgment with Emotional Intelligence as Moderation Variable in BPKP Bali

This study aims to analyze the effect of obedience pressure, time budget pressure and task complexity on audit judgment with emotional intelligence as a moderating variable in BPKP Bali Province. The population of this research is auditors who work at BPKP Bali Province. The sample in this study were 68 respondents who were determined based on the saturated sampling method. The results showed that obedience pressure had no effect on audit judgment, time budget pressure and task complexity had a negative effect on audit judgment, emotional intelligence had a positive effect on audit judgment, emotional intelligence strengthened the relationship between obedience pressure and time budget pressure and emotional intelligence was unable to moderate the relationship complexity duty against audit judgment
CONSTRUCTING THEORY WITH BIG RESULT NOW (BRN): CONTRIBUTION OF TANZANIA TO THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE SHARING BEHAVIOUR

Purpose- This paper intends to discourse development of theory in the Tanzania context, based on potentiality of advancing of knowledge sharing theory globally. The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework which essential for studying knowledge sharing behaviour which is critical significant for the organizational changes and national reforms as well for sustaining in tremendous competition. Moreover, the study established the needs to undergo investigation in order to illustrate the degree of performance of theory in the context of Tanzania, which will depict comparison with developed countries. Methodology- This paper reviewed the theory of planned behaviour and it portrayed TPB as underpinned theory for revising knowledge sharing in the context of Tanzania. Findings- The study revealed propositions which are fundamental in developing theory of planned behaviour for studying knowledge sharing in Tanzania context. Limitations of the study- this paper offers suggestions for proposition testing and direction for further studies in knowledge sharing behaviour. Implication of the study- the paper provides development of theory and practically, the research might provide insight for improving knowledge sharing practices in order to realise organizational development and national reforms(BRN) in the context of Tanzania. Value- This paper relies on theoretical approaches, particularly on advancement of theory of planned of behaviour under addition of the collectivist culture and interpersonal relation towards knowledge sharing behaviour in Tanzania.
A high-efficiency and low-phase-noise 38-GHz pHEMT MMIC tripler

Frequency translation circuits are key elements in communication systems. This paper presents a frequency tripler for 38-GHz short-range communication systems, designed using a pseudomorphic high electron-mobility field-effect transistor (pHEMT) technology. The successful first iteration monolithic microwave integrated circuit achieved a state-of-the-art output power of 3.1 dBm and a minimum conversion loss of 3.4 dB. The multiplier exhibits a conversion efficiency of 11% and average phase noise degradation at 10 and 100 kHz offset frequency from carrier of 9/spl plusmn/1 dB. Through a comprehensive study of the frequency multiplier, we demonstrate the optimum performance achieved under a class B mode of operation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported Ka-band single-stage frequency tripler based on pHEMT technology that has been fully characterized for phase noise degradation.
Multiple-gate SOI MOSFETs: device design guidelines

This paper describes computer simulations of various SOI MOSFETs with double and triple-gate structures, as well as gate-all-around devices. The concept of a triple-gate device with sidewalls extending into the buried oxide (hereby called a "/spl Pi/-gate" or "Pi-gate" MOSFET) is introduced. The Pi-gate device is simple to manufacture and offers electrical characteristics similar to the much harder to fabricate gate-all-around MOSFET. To explore the optimum design space for four different gate structures, simulations were performed with four variable device parameters: gate length, channel width, doping concentration, and silicon film thickness. The efficiency of the different gate structures is shown to be dependent of these parameters. The simulation results indicate that the the Pi-gate device is a very promising candidate for future nanometer MOSFET applications.
The classroom in turmoil: teachers’ perspective on unplanned controversial issues in the classroom

ABSTRACT Controversial issues characterise life in democratic societies and they often arise unexpectedly in the classroom, without being planned for by the teacher. However, controversial issues are rarely addressed beyond a mandatory curriculum and are often avoided. The aim of this exploratory study is to investigate what teachers identify and address as unplanned controversial issues in the classroom and the content of such issues. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 teachers from primary, secondary and upper-secondary schools across Europe. Unplanned controversial issues identified fell into three categories (1) mainstream controversy, (2) teacher-initiated controversy and (3) controversial pedagogy. Mainstream controversies follow mainstream definitions of controversial issues. In teacher-initiated controversies, teachers reacted to statements made by students, taking a stand against examples of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination. Controversial pedagogy refers to instances in which the teachers’ behaviour was deemed controversial by the teachers themselves. The content of the unplanned controversial issues that teachers identified and addressed is multi-faceted and draws upon personal, current, cultural and historical dimensions. The findings suggest that more attention needs to be paid, among other things, to the political dimension of education, teacher vulnerability, and who the person in teaching is.
Warmer water increases early body growth of northern pike (Esox lucius) but mortality has larger impact on decreasing body sizes

Large fish species often display truncated size distributions related to harvest. In addition, temperature, food availability and density-dependence affect body growth, and together with natural mortality influence population size structure. Here we study changes in body growth, size distributions and mortality in both harvested and non-harvested populations of northern pike over 50 years along the Baltic Sea coast and in Lake Mälaren, Sweden. For coastal pike, body growth has increased coincidentally with increasing water temperatures, yet in the last two decades there has been a decrease of larger individuals. In Lake Mälaren, in contrast, size distributions and body growth were stationary despite similar increases in water temperature. A dominance of slow-growing individuals in older age-classes was evident in all studied populations, also in the no-take zone, suggesting other factors than fishing contribute to the mortality pattern. We propose that increasing temperatures have favoured body growth in coastal areas, but this has been counteracted by increased mortality, causing pike sizes to decline. To regain larger coastal pike, managers need to consider multiple measures that reduce mortality.
Context-Aware Content Selection and Message Generation for Collective Perception Services

Collective perception messages (CPMs) inform neighbors about detected objects and their current status. Although CPMs can greatly contribute to improving vehicle perception, their performance will degrade if the wireless channel is saturated and/or vehicles must process excessively high amount of data to build such a perception. Channel saturation and processing overhead can be induced by transmissions of CPMs if vehicles and roadside infrastructure transmit CPMs too often with too much redundant information. Indeed, according to the current draft standard, the CPM generation frequency at individual vehicles and infrastructure can be as high as 10 Hz and depending on the perception capability, individual CPMs can be quite heavy (around 1500 Bytes), containing redundant information. It is hence important to integrate techniques that reduce information redundancy while providing sufficient perception with optimal resource use. In this paper, we propose context-aware communication schemes that control CPM content selection and transmission. Two types of contexts, particularly radio resource use (channel busy ratio: CBR) and infrastructure availability, have been considered in the proposed schemes. Using a network simulator, we evaluated the performances of the proposed schemes in terms of CBR, packet delivery ratio and awareness ratio. The simulation results show that the scheme that takes into account both resource use and infrastructure availability offers the best performance on all the above metrics.
Neptune Orbiters Utilizing Solar and Radioisotope Electric Propulsion

†In certain cases, Radioisotope Electric Propulsion (REP), used in conjunction with other propulsion systems, could be used to reduce the trip times for outer planetary orbiter spacecraft. It also has the potential to improve the maneuverability and power capabilities of the spacecraft when the target body is reached as compared with non-electric propulsion spacecraft. Current missions under study baseline aerocapture systems to capture into a science orbit after a Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) stage is jettisoned. Other options under study would use all REP transfers with small payloads. Compared to the SEP stage / Aerocapture scenario, adding REP to the science spacecraft as well as a chemical capture system can replace the aerocapture system but with a trip time penalty. Eliminating both the SEP stage and the aerocapture system and utilizing a slightly larger launch vehicle, Star 48 upper stage, and a combined REP / Chemical capture system the trip time can nearly be matched, while providing over a kilowatt of science power reused from the REP maneuver. A Neptune Orbiter mission is examined utilizing single propulsion systems and combinations of SEP, REP, and chemical systems to compare concepts.
Understanding Growth Rate Patterns among Different Drought Resistant Sugarcane Cultivars during Plant and Ratoon Crops Encountered Water Deficit at Early Growth Stage under Natural Field Conditions

Drought-tolerant sugarcane genotypes have been proposed to alleviate the issue of early water deficits; however, it is important to investigate the impact of phenology on the crop growth rate and growth patterns. This study aimed to investigate the responses of different water deficit-tolerant cultivars on crop growth rate patterns of both plant crop and ratoon under rain-fed and well-irrigated conditions, and to determine the relationship between final stalk dry weight and crop growth rates during water deficit, recovery, and maturity phases. A 2 × 6 split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Two water regimes, namely, field capacity (FC) and rain-fed conditions, were assigned as the main plot, whereas six sugarcane cultivars differing in water deficit-tolerant levels were assigned as sub-plots. Sugarcane cultivar KK3 consistently possessed high potential and low reduction in dried shoot weight. A correlation was found between stalk dry weight and stem growth rate, shoot growth rate, and height growth rate (HGR) during the recovery period in the first season, and HGR at the recovery stage was correlated with the dry weight of ratoon. The recovery phase of early water deficit stress was a key stage for determining the final stalk dry matter. The desired cultivars having a good adaptation to water deficit stress at the formative stage, such as KK3, showed a gradually increased growth rate during the early water deficit stage, but this growth accelerated, and the maximum growth rate was reached, during the recovery period. This knowledge will help to clarify the selection of sugarcane cultivars in breeding programs that can resist water deficit at the early growth stage.
Experimental tests on SSTT-confined HSC columns

The steel-strapping tensioning technique (SSTT) has been widely accepted as an effective method for enhancing the performance of high-strength concrete (HSC) columns. Previous experimental tests showed that SSTT can increase the ductility of HSC by up to twice that of unconfined HSC. However, most of the tests performed on SSTT-confined HSC columns have focused on concentrically loaded short specimens. In reality, however, columns with a length/diameter ratio greater than three and subjected to eccentric loading are very common. Against this background, experiments were carried out to investigate the slenderness effect of SSTT-confined HSC columns subjected to eccentric loads. It was found that SSTT increases both the strength and deformability of slender HSC columns, although the confining effects are reduced proportionally with an increase in slenderness ratio. The effects of the eccentricities and the eccentricity ratio are also presented in this paper.
Autonomous navigation and speech in the mobile robot of MAIA

MAIA (acronym for Modello Avanzato di Intelligenza Artificiale) is a project aimed at the integration of several AI resources being presently developed at IRST. The overall approach to the design of intelligent artificial systems that MAIA proposes is experimental not less than theoretical, and an experimental setup (that we call the experimental platform) has consequently been defined in which a variety of mutually interacting functionalities can be tested in a common framework. The experimental platform of MAIA consists of 'brains' and 'tentacles', and it is to one of such tentacles--the Mobile Robot--that the present paper is devoted to. At present, the mobile robot is equipped with two main modules: the Navigation Module, which gives the robot the capability of moving autonomously in an indoor environment, and the Speech Module, which allows the robot to communicate with humans by voice. Here the overall architecture of the system is described in detail and potentialities arising from the combined use of speech and navigation are considered.
The Commitment of Polar Expedition Members to a Project: Declared Motivation or in Situ Mobilization?

The commitment of participants to a project especially under extreme conditions, such as a polar expedition, has a vital bearing on its end result. But how can one apprehend the very notion of commitment? First, we distinguish the actors’ “declared” motivations from what actually mobilizes them in the situation. Second, we use notions of mobilization, norms, and sensibilities in order to understand this phenomenon. They throw a light on the participants’ behavior throughout the polar expedition and the project's progress. Our conclusions lead to a reconsideration of how to recruit for project teams, highlighting as they do, on the one hand, the importance of commitment not just in terms on intensity but also of meaning, and on the other, the difficulty of using this criterion for recruiting insofar as this commitment may be separate from the motivation expressed.
Undang-Undang Pesantren: Meneropong Arah Kebijakan Pendidikan Pesantren di Indonesia

The ratification of Law Number 18 of 2019 concerning Islamic Boarding Schools on September 24, 2019, has given a new color and direction for implementing Islamic education in Indonesia. History has carved out the significant contribution of pesantren, both taking part in repelling colonialism and educating generations of the nation, even pesantren as the oldest educational institution in Indonesia. So far, the regulation of Islamic boarding schools has only been a small part of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, and its speed only supports Government Regulation Number 55 of 2007 concerning Religious Education and Religious Education. These two legal policies still make pesantren unable to develop like other public education. The Law on Islamic Boarding Schools; making the existence of Islamic boarding schools stronger legally and impacts the state's obligation to be present in helping the pace of its development. This research was conducted with an analytical study model with a qualitative approach. The study results indicate that the pesantren institution is still maintained as full ownership in a private framework. Pesantren has three functions; education, propaganda, and community empowerment. Pesantren are also entitled to receive allocations of funds from the central and local governments. In the future, Islamic boarding schools also have quality assurance institutions, and education levels will be held up to doctoral levels. Nine derivative rules need to be immediately made by the central government so that the Pesantren Law can be implemented properly.
Do wider riparian zones alter benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages’ diversity and taxonomic composition in neotropical headwater streams?

Abstract: Aim The maintenance and condition of riparian vegetation are important factors for conserving headwater streams and their species diversity. Thus, variations in the width of a riparian zone can have dramatic effects in the structure and functioning of the adjacent freshwater ecosystem. In this study, we aimed to determine if increased riparian zone width changed the benthic assemblages’ structure (diversity, taxonomic and functional composition) in headwater streams. Methods We tested two predictions: (1) increased riparian zone width will change the diversity and taxonomic composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages because narrow riparian zones do not buffer the anthropogenic impacts from the surrounding landscape; (2) wider riparian zones will change benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages’ functional structure, due to changes to energetic input and quality. To test the first prediction, we assessed the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages’ taxonomic composition, richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. To test the second prediction, we assessed functional feeding groups (FFG) and metrics based on their proportion. Results Our results showed that our first prediction was not corroborated, because taxonomic structure and diversity did not show significant variation with increased riparian zone width. Our second prediction was partially corroborated, because there were significant alterations in the functional structure of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages between the narrowest riparian zone width (30 m) and the others two (50 and 100 m). Conclusions Our results suggest that, contrary to the Brazilian Federal Law 12651/2012, 30-m wide riparian zones are insufficient to protect headwater stream ecosystem functioning.