Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of organic structures in Ediacara-type fossils and associated microbial mats

Ediacara-type fossils represent a group of soft-bodied organisms, mainly known from imprints in Proterozoic coarse-grained siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Circular compressions of Beltanelliformis brunsae and remains related to Ediacara-type fossils, such as Cucullus fraudulentus , and Mucuplagum primitivum are reported here in an organic mode of preservation from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo and Liulaobei Formations of China. They can be interpreted as prokaryotic colonies. A charnid fossil with circular attachment disc and stalk, but torn-off frond, is documented in a three-dimensional and partly organic mode of preservation from the Neoproterozoic Ust-Pinega Formation (White Sea coast, Russia). According to their morphology and structure, the Charniidae are not regarded by us as pennatulaceans. Modern Myxobacteria illustrate that macroscopic size, complexity, and even compartmentalization can also be developed by prokaryotic colonies. Part of the Ediacara-type fossils may therefore represent prokaryotic colonies or symbiotic organisms involving prokaryotes. Finally, direct evidence indicates that biofilms with associated prokaryotic sheaths, preserved in both organic and pyritic fashion, form the wrinkled surfaces (“elephant skin”) that were preferentially colonized by Ediacara-type fossils. This finding supports previous interpretations, based on comparative morphological and sedimentological approaches, that ancient wrinkle structures were microbial mats.
Determination of the Rate of Dissipation of Turbulent Energy from Simultaneous Temperature and Velocity Shear Microstructure Measurements

Abstract Spectra of turbulence have been examined for both temperature gradient and velocity shear. The data for this comparison are 10–15 m segments of vertical microstructure profiles (at depths of 5–100 m) obtained during the 1978 Joint Air Sea Interaction experiment (JASIN). From the simultaneous measurement of them two microstructure quantities, the universal spectral constant q (the least principal rate of strain of the velocity spectrum) has been determined to be 3.7 ± 1.5. As well, the dissipation rate has been calculated from the high-wavenumber cut-off of the temperature microstructure spectra (ϵB) and from velocity shear (ϵSH). For a range of values from 8 × 10−9 to 5 × 10−7 m2 s−3 these two measures, ϵB and ϵSH, agree to within a factor of 2 on average. And finally, estimates of ξθ (temperature dissipation rate), ϵ and mean temperature gradient have been used to estimate a mixing efficiency, Γ = 0.24.
Controls on plate motion by oscillating tidal stress: Evidence from deep tremors in western Japan

Deep tremors are considered to be shear slip on the plate interface and are often sensitive to tidal stress. Here we demonstrate that a small cluster of tremors is extremely well correlated with tide levels observed at nearby stations in western Japan. The correlation is interpreted as representing a nonlinear relationship between stress and slip, which is similar to the rate‐dependent friction law. An empirical relationship and observed tide records explain the temporal changes in tremor activity over 9 years. The combination of the nonlinear fault rheology and oscillating tidal stress may control temporal changes in plate motion and earthquake occurrence. Remarkably, the background seismicity is similar to the predicted tremor rate obtained from tidal observations over the past 50 years. This mechanism may also explain the seasonality and decadal‐scale weak periodicity of large earthquakes and is likely to be helpful in probabilistic forecasting of future seismicity.
EVALUACIÓN DE Salvia hispanica L. CULTIVADA EN EL SUR DE SANTA FE (REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA) Evaluation of Salvia hispanica L. cultivated in the south of Santa Fe (Argentina)

Salvia hispanica L. (chia)-Lamiaceae, is a species of dietary and medicinal value and it is a source of Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids, proteins, antioxidants and soluble and insoluble fibres. There is not enough available data about the possibilities that the cultivation may be carried out successfully in the south of Santa Fe province, mainly considering the incidence of late frosts. Due to the shortage of information about the cultivation in the field of S. hispanica in different Argentinean regions, and taking into account its growing demand and its importance as a medicinal dietary product, the aim was to assess the possibility of carrying out the cultivation of this species in the south area of Santa Fe province - Argentina- (33o14´ S, 61o2´ W). Plant height, crop cycle length, ear weight and seed fatty acid composition were evaluated for different sowing dates. Differences were found between early and late sowings, would be early January more suitable for the cultivation in this area. RESUMEN. Salvia hispanica L. (chia)-Lamiaceae, es una especie de interes dietario-medicinal, fuente de acidos grasos Omega-6 y Omega-3, proteinas, antioxidantes y fibras solubles e insolubles. No existen suficientes datos disponibles sobre las posibilidades de llevar el cultivo a termino en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, considerando principalmente la incidencia de heladas tardias. Ante la escasez de informacion sobre el cultivo a campo de S. hispanica en diferentes regiones de Argentina, teniendo en cuenta su creciente demanda y su importancia como producto dietario medicinal, se propuso como objetivo evaluar la posibilidad de realizar el cultivo de esta especie en la zona sur de Santa Fe (Republica Argentina) (33o14´ S, 61o2´ O). Se evaluo altura de plantas, longitud de ciclo del cultivo, peso de espigas por planta y contenido de acidos grasos de las semillas. Se encontraron diferencias entre siembras tempranas y tardias, la primera quincena de enero seria la mas adecuada para la siembra de esta especie en la localidad estudiada.
Stratigraphy and chronology of Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleogene strata in Bolivia and northwest Argentina

Integration of sequence stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, Ar/Ar dating, and paleontology considerably advances knowledge of the Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene chronostratigraphy and tectonic evolution of Bolivia and adjacent areas. The partly restricted marine El Molino Formation spans the Maastrichtian and Danian (°73–60.0 Ma). Deposition of the alluvial to lacustrine Santa Lucia Formation occurred between 60.0 and 58.2 Ma. The widespread erosional unconformity at the base of the Cayara Formation is 58.2 Ma. This unconformity separates the Upper Puca and Corocoro supersequences in Bolivia, and is thus coeval with the Zuni-Tejas sequence boundary of North America. The thick overlying Potoco and Camargo formations represent a late Paleocene–Oligocene foreland fill. The onset of shortening along the Pacific margin at °89 Ma initially produced rifting in the distal foreland. Santonian–Campanian eastward-onlapping deposits indicate subsequent waning of tectonic activity along the margin. Significant tectonism and magmatism resumed along the margin at °73 Ma and produced an abrupt increase in subsidence rate and other related phenomena in the basin. Subsidence was maximum between °71 and °66 Ma. Due to the early Maastrichtian global sea-level high, marine waters ingressed from the northwest into this underfilled basin. Subsidence decreased during the Late Maastrichtian and was low during the Danian. It increased again in the latest Danian, for which a slight transgression is recorded, and peaked in the early Selandian. Tectonism between 59.5 and 58.2 Ma produced a variety of deformational and sedimentary effects in the basin and correlates with the end of emplacement of the Coastal batholith. The subsequent 58.2 Ma major unconformity marks the onset of continental foreland basin development, which extended into Andean Bolivia during the late Paleocene–Oligocene interval. This basin underwent internal deformation as early as Eocene time in the Altiplano and Cordillera Oriental. These early structures, previously assigned to the late Oligocene–early Miocene orogeny, probably accommodated observed tectonic rotations in the Eocene–Oligocene.
Land-use change, ecosystem services, and local livelihoods: Ecological and socioeconomic outcomes of Payment for Ecosystem Services in Ecuadorian paramo grasslands

This dissertation examines the socio-economic and ecological outcomes of emerging payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs targeting highland Andean grasslands (p? ramos) in Ecuador. While PES programs, in general, and in Ecuador in particular, are increasingly advocated as a way to link conservation and rural development, there is a noted lack of empirical research on the social and ecological outcomes of these initiatives. The primary objective of this research was to contribute to filling this gap. Chapter 2 focuses on Ecuador's SocioP? ramo program, a national-scale PES program targeting carbon, water, biodiversity, and poverty alleviation p? ramo grasslands. Participation resulted in gains in financial and non-financial capital, but outcomes depended on the context under which PES occurs. In many cases, PES strengthens adaptive capacity by providing a more diversified income source, but, in some cases, participation may increase vulnerability due to reduced access to permanent and seasonal grazing lands. Chapters 3 & 4 address changes in carbon storage and plant diversity under afforestation and burn exclusion, the two main land-use changes currently promoted by PES programs targeting p? ramos. Pine afforestation and burn exclusion increased aboveground carbon storage and had small, but variable, influence on soil carbon storage. Results suggest little immediate impact of fire on soil carbon storage, but that burn exclusion can lead to small increases in soil carbon storage, at least when some tussock cover is maintained. In both study areas, intermediate levels of burning maximized species richness, but results suggest that a mosaic of burn histories likely enhances landscape level plant diversity and richness. Pine afforestation led to a dramatic decrease in species richness in one field site, but supported a high diversity of species in another. However, in both sites, plant composition was dramatically different under pine than in native grasslands. These results constitute a significant step forward in better understanding PES in an applied context and are relevant for PES program development, particularly for programs targeting p? ramo grasslands. These findings can contribute to the development of more equitable and effective PES programs that help to protect the p? ramo for its ecological, cultural, and economic value.
Analyses of Genetic Diversity and Desirable Traits in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., Pedaliaceae): Implication for Breeding and Conservation

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., Pedaliaceae) is a traditional oil crop cultivated in Vietnam and Cambodia. It is known as the king of oil seeds in Vietnam due to the high oil content (50-60%) in its seed. Yet, the insufficient genetic information regarding Vietnamese and Cambodian sesame populations is limiting the access to useful traits present among adapted landraces in this region. The purpose of this study was to characterize various sesame accessions to gain information that could help design strategies for future breeding program and conservation of this crop in the two countries. Morphological and molecular markers as well as oil content and quality analyses were employed to evaluate sesame accessions from different sources. High genetic variation was found among populations of sesame collected in Vietnam and Cambodia. The two type of markers, morphological and molecular, were both useful in analyzing the extent of genetic diversity in sesame and the result of these analyses will help to better understand the genetic diversity and relationship within and among populations. Overall, the sesame accessions included in the study showed a correlation with their geographical origins such that accessions from the same region tended to have higher genetic similarity as compared to those from different regions. However, when cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the genetic relationship, some sesame accessions were found not to be grouped based on geographical origins. This contrasting result could perhaps be a result from the exchange over time, of sesame germplasm, between farmers across the regions. The results from morphological and oil content analyses showed that several sesame accessions in Southern Vietnam and Cambodia displayed a good potential for high seed yield and oil content. Overall, the studies in this thesis provide important insights into the populations of sesame in Vietnam and Cambodia and constitute a set of useful background information that can be used as a basis for future breeding strategy and improvement of sesame in this region.
Identification and significance of ice-flow-transverse subglacial ridges (Rogen moraines) in northern central Ireland

In the Omagh Basin, north central Ireland, subglacial diamict ridges lie transverse to southwestward Late Devensian (ca. 23–13 ka) ice flow. These ridges (0.5–2.5 km long, 100–450 m wide, 15–35 m high), are similar morphologically to Rogen moraines, which have not been described previously from the British Isles. The crests of some transverse ridges are streamlined, cross-cut or overprinted by drumlins, whereas other ridges are unmodified and were not affected by later drumlinisation. At Kilskeery, west–east trending eskers overlying unmodified transverse ridges post-date drumlinisation (17–14 14C ka). Esker formation shows that the subglacial thermal regime changed from cold-based, favouring bedform preservation, to warm-based with meltwater flowing through enclosed subglacial channels. Patterns of flow-transverse-ridges and spatial variations in the degree of bedform modification record dynamic changes in regional subglacial environments during the last deglacial cycle. This ice-mass variability cannot be reconciled with current Irish glacial models, which are based on immobile ice centres and ordered stages of ice retreat. In a wider context, these changes in bedform patterns and basal ice regimes have a similar signature to millennial-scale ice-mass oscillations recorded by dated proxy evidence elsewhere in the amphi-North Atlantic. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teachers’ Well-Being Levels by Gender and Marital Status: A Meta-Analysis Study

The main purpose of the current study is to reveal the effect of gender and marital status variables on teachers’ well-being levels. The databases named Higher Education Institution Thesis Center, ProQuest, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar, National Academic Network and Information Center (Academic Archive of Turkey, National Collective Catalogue, Journal Park Academic) were searched and 62 studies for the gender variable and 34 studies for the marital status variables were included in the scope of the meta-analysis. Sample sizes of the studies included in the research is as follows: according to the gender variable, sample size is 25088, and according to the marital status, sample size is 14705. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2.2. 064 (CMA) program was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis completed, it was observed that there was no publication bias in the individual studies in the study for all variables. As a result of the analysis made according to the random effects model, it was determined that the overall effect size of the gender variable (d=0.05) and the effect size of the marial status variabel (d=-0.12) on teachers’ well-being levels were weak and insignificant. As a result of moderator analyses for all variables, statistically significant inconclusive results have been achieved. When the findings of the research were evaluated in general, it was seen that the characteristics of teachers such as gender and marital status did not have an effect on teachers’ well-being levels or they were at a very weak level. When the effect of research characteristics on research findings is examined; it was seen that the type of grade, publication type, school type, teacher branch, the region where the research was conducted and the gender of the researcher did not have a moderator effect.
Timing of the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic polarity reversal in Chinese loess using 10Be

In Chinese loess, the Brunhes-Matuyama (B-M) geomagnetic reversal occurs ∼25 k.y. prior to the age found in marine sediments. This offset has been attributed by some to post-depositional magnetic overprinting of loess, while others have argued it is due to errors in the loess time scale. Here we solve this long-standing debate by exploiting a new method to extract reproducible records of geomagnetic field intensity from loess with 10 Be—a proxy for global average geomagnetic field intensity—and using it to show that a pronounced minimum in field intensity (a requirement for dipole field reversal) is recorded in two separate loess records at ca. 780 ± 3 kyr B.P. This timing is synchronous with the B-M reversal timing seen in marine records, verifying the standard loess time scale as correct, but it is ∼25 k.y. younger than the age (depth) of the magnetic polarity reversal recorded in these same Chinese loess sediments, demonstrating that loess magnetic overprinting has occurred.
Zimbabwe's land reform : myths & realities

Ten years after the land invasions of 2000, this book provides the first full account of the consequences of these dramatic events. This land reform overturned a century-old pattern of land use, one dominated by a small group of large-scale commercial farmers, many of whom were white. But what replaced it? This book challenges five myths through the examination of the field data from Masvingo province: Myth 1 Zimbabwean land reform has been a total failure Myth 2 The beneficiaries of Zimbabwean land reform have been largely political 'cronies' Myth 3 There is no investment in the new resettlements Myth 4 Agriculture is in complete ruins creating chronic food insecurity Myth 5 The rural economy has collapsed By challenging these myths, and suggesting alternative policy narratives, this book presents the story as it has been observed on the ground: warts and all. What comes through very strongly is the complexity, the differences, almost farm by farm: there is no single, simple story of the Zimbabwe land reform as sometimes assumed by press reports, political commentators, or indeed much academic study. Ian Scoones, Professorial Fellow, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, with co-authors Nelson Marongwe, Blasio Mavedzenge, Jacob Mahenehene, Felix Murimbarimba and Chrispen Sukume. Zimbabwe: Weaver Press Southern Africa: Jacana
Approximately 1.78 Ga mafic dykes in the Lüliang Complex, North China Craton: Zircon ages and Lu‐Hf isotopes, geochemistry, and implications

Mafic dyke swarms are excellent time markers and paleostress indicators. Numerous late Paleoproterozoic mafic dykes are exposed throughout the Trans‐North China Orogen (TNCO). Most of these dykes trend NW‐SE or NNW‐SSE, nearly parallel to the orogen, while a series of E‐W trending mafic dykes are restricted in the Lüliang and southern Taihang areas in the central segment of the TNCO. These dykes were mostly considered to be linked with breakup of the supercontinent Columbia previously. In this study, 16 mafic dykes were investigated in the Lüliang Complex. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS dating of four samples yields magmatic crystallization ages of 1.78–1.79 Ga. These dykes belong to the tholeiite series and consist of basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite. They are enriched in LREE and LILE and depleted in HFSE, and have negative zircon εHf(t) values of −1.7 to −12.2. The E‐W trending mafic dykes show similar geochemical and isotopic features compared to the NW‐SE trending dykes in other complexes. They were most likely originated from a lithospheric mantle metasomatized by subduction‐related fluids and later emplaced along extensional fractures in a postcollisional setting. NW‐SE trending fractures were formed due to gravitational collapse and thinning of the lithosphere. E‐W trending fractures in the central segment of the orogen constitute a transverse accommodation belt to equilibrate the different amounts of extension between the northern and southern TNCO. The impact of the postorogenic extension might have continued to approximately 1680 Ma as evidenced by the presence of abundant approximately 1750–1680 Ma anorthosite‐gabbro‐mangerite‐rapakivi granite suites (AMCG‐like) occurring in the northern NCC.
Non-COVID-19 hospitalizations: patients’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic

The purpose of this Qualitative Descriptive study was to describe the experience of hospitalized adults during the pandemic who did not have COVID-19. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 English-speaking adults who were hospitalized on a medical or surgical floor after April 1, 2020 and were negative for COVID-19 throughout their entire hospital stay. The interview questions focused on the overall hospital experience, the nurse’s role in their experience, comfort needs, and the experience of having comfort needs met during the hospitalization. Conventional content analysis of the transcribed transcripts revealed five main themes related to the hospital experience: I don’t expect the hospital to be comfortable;I was always tense;Wanting human connection;Communication is important;and Nurses are busy. An unpleasant environment, longing for comfort from family and nurses, a perception that the nurses were too busy, feelings of being isolated from others and the world, and experiencing fear and anxiety were all elements of the hospital experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings identified a need for targeted practice, research, and education to improve patient comfort in the physical, psycho-spiritual, sociocultural, and environmental contexts. This is important as we look toward improving the overall patient experience during hospitalization. © The Author(s), 2022.