Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer during the piston-cylinder expansion of a gas

approved: ______________________________________________________ James A. Liburdy The expansion of a gas within a piston-cylinder arrangement is studied in order to obtain a better understanding of the heat transfer which occurs during this process. While the situation of heat transfer during the expansion of a gas has received considerable attention, the process is still not very well understood. In particular, the time dependence of heat transfer has not been well studied, with many researchers instead focused on average heat transfer rates. Additionally, many of the proposed models are not in agreement with each other and are usually dependent on experimentally determined coefficients which have been found to vary widely between test geometries and operating conditions. Therefore, the expansion process is analyzed in order to determine a model for the time dependence of heat transfer during the expansion. A model is developed for the transient heat transfer by assuming that the expansion behaves in a polytropic manner. This leads to a heat transfer model written in terms of an unknown polytropic exponent, n. By examining the physical significance of this parameter, it is proposed that the polytropic exponent can be related to a ratio of the time scales associated with the expansion process, such as a characteristic Peclet number. Experiments are conducted to test the proposed heat transfer model and to establish a relationship for the polytropic exponent. The tests are performed using an apparatus that consists of a single piston-cylinder, which allows for pressure-volume data to be collected during the expansion of a hot gas. These experiments justify the polytropic expansion assumption, and from these results models are developed for the polytropic exponent. Heat transfer data are also collected from these experiments through applying an energy balance on the gas during expansion. These heat transfer data are used to compare the Nusselt number predicted by the proposed model with the experimentally determined Nusselt number. It is found that the proposed model agrees very well with the experimental data, and accurately captures the time dependence of the heat transfer characteristics. The proposed model also accurately handles variations in the heat transfer characteristics due to the different test conditions studied. By capturing the transient effects of heat transfer during the expansion process, the proposed model should be a more accurate tool in determining heat loss during the expansion of a gas than previously developed models. ©Copyright by Matthew Jose Rodrigues June 5, 2014 All Rights Reserved Heat Transfer During the Piston-Cylinder Expansion of a Gas by Matthew Jose Rodrigues
Analysis of postoperative failure in patients with stage pT3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and consideration of postoperative radiotherapy

Objective To investigate the failure mode in patients with stage pT3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) after surgery, and to discuss the significance and feasibility of postoperative radiotherapy according to the failure mode. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 227 patients with stage pT3N0M0 TESCC who met the inclusion criteria from January 2007 to December 2010. Their postoperative failure mode was analyzed, and, with reference to relevant research, the significance of postoperative radiotherapy and its target patients were explored. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS), local recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM) rates, and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. The Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results After surgery, there were 58 patients (25.6%) with LR in the thoracic cavity and 27 patients (11.9%) with DM, and 10 patients had both LR and DM. Twenty-nine (50%) of the 58 patients had recurrence in the thoracic mediastinal lymph nodes. The results of univariate analysis showed that the 3-and 5-year OS rates of patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer were significantly lower than those of patients with middle and lower esophageal cancer (P=0.000), and the chest-regional recurrence rate was significantly higher in the former group than in the latter two groups (P=0.047); the 3-and 5-year OS rates of patients with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were significantly lower than those of patients with moderately and well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.005), and the DM rate was significantly higher than in the former group than in the latter two groups (P=0.000). The results of multivariate analysis showed that lesion site and the degree of pathological differentiation were independent prognostic factors for OS (P=0.014 and 0.010); lesion site was the independent prognostic factor for chest-regional recurrence (P=0.046); the degree of pathological differentiation was the independent prognostic factor for DM (P=0.000). Conclusions For patients with stage pT3N0M0 TESCC after two-field esophagectomy, the most common failure mode is chest-regional recurrence, especially in patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer. Therefore, postoperative radiotherapy is suggested for upper-thoracic TESCC. Key words: Esophageal neoplasms/surgery; Recurrence; Prognosis
Identification of subspecies and parentage relationship by means of DNA fingerprinting in two exemplary of Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775) (Mammalia Hominidae)

Received 08.03. 2018; accepted 29.04. 2018; printed 30.06. 2018; published online 05.07. 2018 Four chimpanzee subspecies (Mammalia Hominidae) are commonly recognised: the Western Chimpanzee, P. troglodytes verus (Schwarz, 1934), the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee, P. troglodytes ellioti, the Central Chimpanzee, P. troglodytes troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1799), and the Eastern Chimpanzee, P. troglodytes schweinfurthii (Giglioli, 1872). Recent studies on mitochondrial DNA show the incorporation of P. troglodytes schweinfurthii in P. troglodytes troglodytes, suggesting the existence of only two subspecies: P. troglodytes troglodytes in Central and Eastern Africa and P. troglodytes verusP. troglodytes ellioti in West Africa. The aim of the present study is twofold: first, to identify the correct subspecies of two chimpanzee samples collected in a Biopark structure in Carini (Sicily, Italy), and second, to verify whether there was a kinship relationship between the two samples through techniques such as DNA barcoding and microsatellite analysis. DNA was extracted from apes’ buccal swabs, the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was amplified using universal primers, then purified and injected into capillary electrophoresis Genetic Analyzer ABI 3130 for sequencing. The sequence was searched on the NCBI Blast database. In addiction, the microsatellite analysis was performed on the same machine for parentage detection among samples, and data were analyzed with GenMapper software. Our results show that both samples were P. troglodytes troglodytes, while the analysis of the microsatellite results in an unclear relationship between two chimpanzee samples.
ELC-PPW: Ensemble Learning and Classification (LC) by Positional Patterns Weights (PPW) of API Calls as Dynamic n-Grams for Malware Perception

- Most of the trending malware defense mechanisms are remain least effective against zero-day attacks. Machine learning is emerging as a significant choice for accurate identification of such malicious threats. Most of these ML techniques implement n-gram features of fixed size and sequentially patterned. We argue that the n-gram features of variable size, which are patterned by their positional frequency can escalate the detection accuracy. The volume and coherence of the training data is also the influential factor of the detection accuracy. In this regard, this research paper attempts to adopt an ensemble classification approach that considers n-gram of variable size for learning and classifying. Moreover, the n-grams are patterned by their position, instead sequence. In particular, the contribution of the research study is an Ensemble Learning and Classification strategy that uses cuckoo search as binary classifier. Simulation outcomes of these ML algorithms depict huge difference in malware program over the genuine program. The variations found in the classifier efficiency are assessed with respect to changes in the existence of malicious program.
간호사-간호사 및 간호사-의사 협력 정도와 의료 오류 발생 간의 관계

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine degrees of nurse-nurse collaboration and nurse-physician collaboration, and investigate their relationships to the occurrence of medical errors. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 264 nurses in a university hospital. The questionnaire included fivecomponent nurse-nurse collaboration and three-component nurse-physician collaboration scales. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, x2 tests, and multiple logistic regression. Results: Mean score for nurse-nurse collaboration was 2.8 out of 4.0, and for nurse-physician collaboration, 3.4 out of 5.0. There were significant differences in the nurse-nurse and nurse-physician collaboration scores by nurses’ preference to workplace and work unit. A significant difference was found in the nurse-nurse collaboration scores by job position. Fifty-seven (21.60%) nurses responded that they had experienced a medical error in the last six months. Logistic regression analysis revealed that nurse-physician collaboration was a significant factor associated with nurses’ error experience. Nurses with higher scores for the nurse-physician relationship component were less likely to experience medical errors. Conclusion: Findings from this study show that nurse-nurse and nurse-physician collaboration were moderate. Negative relationship between nurse-physician collaboration and the occurrence of medical error indicates that enhancing nurse-physician collaboration would contribute to improving patient safety.
Study of Metastable Structure of Pb-Sb Films Condensed at Low Temperature

The structure of Pb–Sb films condensed onto a substrate kept at the liquid helium or nitrogen temperature by vacuum evaporation has been investigated by means of electron diffraction and electric resistance measurements. Diffraction patterns of the films with concentrations between 17 and 100 at. % Sb show diffuse halos. The radial distribution analysis has been carried out for these films in order to decide whether they are in a true amorphous state or consist of very fine crystallites. The results lead to the conclusion that the state of atomic aggregate of these films is certainly amorphous. The crystallization temperature of the films decreases as Pb concentration increases. The behavior of electric resistance in an amorphous state differs remarkably from that in a crystalline state after the crystallization.
SUPERVISION OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT TAX LEARNING TO IMPROVE REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME (PAD) SUMEDANG DISTRICT

To manage hotel and restaurant taxes, it is absolutely necessary to have sufficient supervision and to supervise the implementation of hotel and restaurant taxes carried out by the Regional Revenue Service. The purpose of this study, namely to determine the implementation of supervision of hotel and restaurant tax collection, things that hinder and efforts that must be done to overcome obstacles to the implementation of supervision of hotel and restaurant tax collection in increasing the original revenue of Sumedang Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative method. With eight informants of research, namely the Head of the Regional Revenue Service, Head of Planning and Operations Control, Head of Control and Supervision Section, Executive Staff of Operational Control Planning, hotel and restaurant management. The results of the study show that controlling of hotel tax collection and restaurant tax to increase Sumedang Regency's original revenue has been effective but not yet maximally this can be seen from still encountered several obstacles, including the competency of tax collector officers, budget constraints and low awareness of taxpayers. However, it is expected that in the future there will be improvements in line with efforts to be carried out by the Regional Revenue Service of Sumedang Regency.
The expression of long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its mechanism

Objective To investigate the expression level of small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and its mechanism on the growth and invasion of hepatoma cells. Methods We determined the expression level of SNHG12 in 50 HCC patients collected from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and then studied its clinical significance. SiRNA interference was used to knock down the SNHG12 level in vitro. In addition, Transwell assay and methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay were uesd to observe the changes in growth and invasion of hepatoma cells. Western blotting was used to detecte the change of key molecules in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway after SNHG12 was silenced. Results SNHG12 was upregulated in HCC tissues (2.943±0.881) as compared with adjacent tissues (1.613±0.533, P=0.007). HCC patients whose tumor diameter >5 cm had a higher SNHG12 level (4.024±0.281) than those with tumor diameter ≤5 cm (2.591±0.394, P=0.002). HCC patients with a higher Edmonson-Steiner grade had a higher SNHG12 level (P=0.001). SNHG12 was closely associated with tumor diameter (P=0.000), Edmonson-Steiner grade (P=0.003) and metastasis (P=0.031). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test analyses suggested that HCC patients with high SNHG12 expression had shorter overall survival (P=0.009) and higher recurrence rate than those with low expression of SNHG12 (P=0.001). SNHG12 promoted hepatoma cell growth and invasion by regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Conclusion These findings indicate that SNHG12 is a critical molecule for HCC progression and is potentially a new effective target for HCC therapy. Key words: Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Small nucleolar RNA host gene 12; Growth; Invasion
Kinetic changes of antioxidant parameters, ascorbic acid loss, and hydroxymethyl furfural formation during apple chips production

In this study, the kinetic change of the antioxidant properties were determined during apple chips production using three different cultivars. Using a rotary forced‐air dryer, apple slices were dried at three different temperatures (65, 70, and 75°C). The ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and hydroxymethylfurfural content were analyzed. Phenolic compounds of apple chips were also identified by chromatographic separation. Thermal degradation of ascorbic acid was fitted to first‐order reaction kinetics. TPC, TFC, ORAC, and TEAC values, and hydroxymethylfurfural content increased with drying time and temperature where the data were fitted to first‐order and zero‐order reaction kinetics. Reaction rate constants were influenced by temperature, based on the Arrhenius model. The primary phenolic compounds of apple chips were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, and rutin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Dietary antioxidants with health benefits have increased attention on fruit and vegetable products. The processing of fruits and vegetables affects their antioxidant properties as well as their quality. Apple chips are dehydrated, ready to eat, fruit‐based snacks with desirable sensory properties. The results of this article will contribute to an understanding of the thermal kinetics of antioxidant properties and phenolic content during apple chip production. The kinetic results may be useful for the design of dryers and optimization of the drying conditions.
Guiding and Trapping of Cold Dipolar Molecules

In this thesis, a method for filtering and guiding of cold polar molecules has been developed. In the filtering process, the interaction of the molecules with an inhomogeneous electrostatic field of a bent quadrupole is exploited to select the slow molecules from a thermal molecular beam. The experiments have been performed with ammonia and formaldehyde. The velocities of the selected molecules correspond to temperatures of a few kelvin. This source of cold molecules has further been used to demonstrate a novel electrostatic trap for polar molecules which is continuously loaded.
Characterization of the Nef-TCR Zeta Interaction and Its Role in Modulation of Src Family Kinase Activity: A Dissertation

One of the hallmarks of an infection with pathogenic HIV-1 is the elevated level of immune activation that leads to rapid progression to AIDS. Surprisingly, nonhuman primates naturally infected with SIV do not exhibit an augmented activation phenotype nor severe immunodeficiency. One of the viral components implicated in determining the state of immune activation is the accessory protein Nef which has been demonstrated to affect T cell signaling pathways from within the intracellular compartment and for Nef from SIV, to downregulate TCR surface expression. Recently, Nef from HIV-1 and SIV have been demonstrated to bind the ζ chain of the TCR which functions as the primary signaling subunit of the receptor. However, the molecular details of the Nef-TCRζ interaction as well as the role of complex formation in modulation of immune activation remain largely unknown. This thesis describes work directed at elucidating the biochemical and structural features of the Nef-TCRζ interaction and the functional consequences of complex formation relevant to T cell activation. Chapter I provides a brief introduction on HIV/SIV classification and pathogenesis with an emphasis on Nef and its pleiotropic function in T cells. Chapter II describes the biochemical characterization of the interaction of the conserved core domain of Nef proteins from HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV with the cytoplasmic domain of TCRζ. The core domains of HIV-2 ST and SIVmac239 are demonstrated to bind the cytoplasmic domain of TCRζ at two distinct regions and with different affinities. In contrast, the core domain of HIV-1 isolate ELI Nef only binds to one region and with the weakest calculated affinity among the HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV Nef proteins studied. In addition, both the N-terminal domain and the strong TCRζ-binding core domain of SIVmac239 Nef each are demonstrated to be necessary but not sufficient for downregulation of TCR surface expression. Chapter III describes the crystallization and structure determination methods used to solve the crystal structures of the core domain of SIVmac239 Nef in complex with two overlapping TCRζ polypeptides. Crystals of Nef in complex with the longer TCRζ DP1 (L51-D93) polypeptide grew in a tetragonal space group but only diffracted to low resolution. In contrast, crystals of the Nef core -TCRζ A63-R80 complex grew in an orthorhombic space group and diffracted to high resolution but were nearly perfectly pseudo-merohedrally twinned thus complicating structure determination. Following identification of the twin law relating the twin domains, the structure of the Nef core -TCRζ A63-R80 complex was determined using refinement procedures that accounted for crystal twinning to 2.05 A. The structure of the Nef core -TCRζ DP1 complex was solved to 3.7 A from a single non-twinned crystal. The altered crystal packing induced by the shorter TCRζ A63-R80 polypeptide is postulated to have led to a reduction in crystal symmetry and increase in…
Spectroscopic Investigations of Soil Humic and Fulvic Acids from Okch'ǒn Basin

Three humic acids (HA) and one fulvic acid (FA) are extracted from soils of the Okch'on Basin (Koyesan, Yongkwang and Taejon), and are purified and characterized using NMR, and IR spectroscopic methods. The results are compared with one another and with commerical humic acid (Aldrich Co) and aquatic humic acid from Gorleben underground aquifer in Germany. The IR and NMR spectral features are found to be nearly identical, suggesting that humic substances formed in the Okch'on Basin have quite similar chemical properties. These humic substances from Okch'on Basin soils have undergone low degree of aromatic condensation and have high contents of aliphatic functionalities including carbohydrates.
Experimental investigation on the effects of chemical heat release in the reacting turbulent plane shear layer

Abstract : A chemically reacting shear layer between various gases was investigated in a new type of blow-down wind tunnel. The gas streams were inert (helium, nitrogen or argon), but carried up to 10% concentration of reactants, one being ozone and the other nitric oxide. The resulting reaction, 03 + NO yields N02 + 02, was essentially diffusion limited and spontaneous, enabling the temperature rise to be varied at will from zero up t 200 C mean. Flows of Reynolds number up to 5 x 10 to the fourth power were investigated.
NBCn1 (slc4a7) Mediates the Na+-Dependent Bicarbonate Transport Important for Regulation of Intracellular pH in Mouse Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

The contribution of sodium-dependent bicarbonate transport to intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in vascular smooth muscle cells is controversial, partly because the molecular identity of the transporter(s) responsible has not been identified. Here, using the pH-sensitive fluorophore 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), we show that smooth muscle cells of intact mouse mesenteric, coronary, and cerebral small arteries all display a sodium- and bicarbonate-dependent pHi recovery after an NH4+-prepulse. The sodium-dependent bicarbonate flux was largely 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (DIDS) sensitive (56% to 91%) and of a magnitude similar to the amiloride-sensitive flux. Additionally, steady-state pHi was lower (0.2 to 0.4 pH units magnitude) in all 3 vascular beds when CO2/bicarbonate was omitted. RT-PCR analyses showed that NBCn1 (slc4a7) is the only Na+-dependent bicarbonate transporter of the slc4 family detectable at the mRNA level in all 3 vascular beds i.
Potential Endophytic Indigenous Bacteria as Resistant Inducing Shallot Plant in Controlling Spodoptera Exigua Pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Shallots ( Allium ascalonicum L.) are vegetable commodity that have high economic value and are included in important commodity in Indonesia. The research conducted at Agricultural Biological Control Laboratory and in Solok District. The authors had obtained five endophytic bacterial isolates, which have the ability to impact on systemic shallot plant resistance. One of the mechanisms in plant resistance resilience is the change in salicylic acid content. The purpose of this study were to calculate the salicylic acid content of shallots plants introduced by endophytic bacteria isolate and able to affect its resistance to S.exigua . This research was conducted by introducing six isolates of endophytic bacteria on shallots tubers and planted in Lipek Pageh village, Solok district. Then the shallots crop were allowed to infected Spodoptera exigua naturally on endemic onion crops Spodoptera exigua . The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RAK) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were B10³4, B10⁵1, U10⁴3, U10³1, A10³4. Analysis of salicylic acid content was done on the roots of shallot plants. Extraction and quantification of salicylic acid was done by Rasmussen et al. (1991) modified. The results showed that endophytic bacteria was able to stimulate the occurrence of resistance to onion plant cultivation of S. exigua . This is indicated by the decrease of S. exigua attack rate .