Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzamidine Derivatives: Newer Antibiotics for Periodontitis Treatment

Periodontal disease (PD) is complex polymicrobial disease which destroys tooth-supporting tissue. Although various synthetic inhibitors of periodontitis-triggering pathogens have been recognized, their undesirable side effects limit their application. Hence, the present study intended to perform the synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial evaluation, and cytotoxicity analysis of novel benzamidine analogues (NBA). This study involved the synthesis of novel imino bases of benzamidine (4a–c), by reacting different aromatic aldehydes with 2-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxy) acetohydrazide (3), which was synthesized by the hydrazination of ethyl 2-(4-carbamimidoylphenoxy) acetate (2), the derivative of 4-hydroxybenzene carboximidamide (1). This was followed by characterization using FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. All synthesized compounds were further tested for antimicrobial potential against PD-triggering pathogens by the micro broth dilution method. The cytotoxicity analysis of the NBA against HEK 293 cells was conducted using an MTT assay. The present study resulted in a successful synthesis of NBA and elucidated their structures. The synthesized NBA exhibited significant antimicrobial activity values between 31.25 and 125 µg/mL against tested pathogens. All NBA exhibited weak cytotoxicity against HEK 293 cells at 7.81 µg, equally to chlorhexidine at 0.2%. The significant antimicrobial activity of NBA against PD-triggering pathogens supports their potential application in periodontitis treatment.
Wireless Sensor Networks- A Review on Topologies and Node Architecture

This review paper basically divided in two parts o ut of which first part focuses on the existing topo logies that are used in the wireless sensor networks and second par t emphasis on the architecture of the node. As we a ll know that wireless sensor network technology is the application orient ed technology so topology and architecture of the n etwork will always vary from application to application i.e. dynamic in nat ure. The development and deployment of the nodes always differ from traditional technologies; no doubt initially the tr aditional technology has been used but the excessiv e use of traditional technology changed the scenario. Now these topologies are used with hybrid techniques i.e. topologies with additional features & advantages and same the case with node architecture. As many of WSN applications need the networking alternatives to improve the cost reduction, efficiency and security aspects so in this review report we are discussing all the topologies used and the hybridized changes that had been done in past a nd can be done in future on the architecture of the WSN node.
Classification and Explanation for Intrusion Detection System Based on Ensemble Trees and SHAP Method

In recent years, many methods for intrusion detection systems (IDS) have been designed and developed in the research community, which have achieved a perfect detection rate using IDS datasets. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are representative examples applied widely in IDS. However, DNN models are becoming increasingly complex in model architectures with high resource computing in hardware requirements. In addition, it is difficult for humans to obtain explanations behind the decisions made by these DNN models using large IoT-based IDS datasets. Many proposed IDS methods have not been applied in practical deployments, because of the lack of explanation given to cybersecurity experts, to support them in terms of optimizing their decisions according to the judgments of the IDS models. This paper aims to enhance the attack detection performance of IDS with big IoT-based IDS datasets as well as provide explanations of machine learning (ML) model predictions. The proposed ML-based IDS method is based on the ensemble trees approach, including decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) classifiers which do not require high computing resources for training models. In addition, two big datasets are used for the experimental evaluation of the proposed method, NF-BoT-IoT-v2, and NF-ToN-IoT-v2 (new versions of the original BoT-IoT and ToN-IoT datasets), through the feature set of the net flow meter. In addition, the IoTDS20 dataset is used for experiments. Furthermore, the SHapley additive exPlanations (SHAP) is applied to the eXplainable AI (XAI) methodology to explain and interpret the classification decisions of DT and RF models; this is not only effective in interpreting the final decision of the ensemble tree approach but also supports cybersecurity experts in quickly optimizing and evaluating the correctness of their judgments based on the explanations of the results.
Using Osmotic Pumps to Induce the Production of Gametes in Male and Female European Eels

Simple Summary The European eel is a species with high commercial value for aquaculture, and it has suffered a drastic reduction of its natural stocks during the last decades; thus, breeding in captivity is nowadays considered essential to avoid the extinction of the species. In this sense, a new method to maturate the European eel (males and females) for eel aquaculture has been studied. For the first time in the European eel, a controlled release hormone system (osmotic pumps) has been tested, which allowed to induce the testis maturation and sperm production in part of the males as well as a very early maturation and ovulation in the females. Abstract The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species for aquaculture. Over the past decades, it has experienced a drastic reduction in its natural stocks. Thus, breeding in captivity is considered essential, nowadays, to guarantee the eel aquaculture and to reduce pressure on natural populations. Traditionally, the European eel has been sexually matured by means of weekly hormonal injections, which cause stress to the fish. The purpose of this research study was to assess the use of osmotic pumps as a new method to induce sexual maturation in male and female European eels, without the weekly injection. The control groups were treated with weekly hormone injections (recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin for males and carp pituitary extract for females), and the implanted groups were treated with osmotic pumps (ALZET® osmotic pumps) loaded with the respective hormones. Regarding male European eels, this study shows that the use of controlled release systems was able to induce the maturation and spermiation, but without the necessary capacity to produce enough gametes with acceptable quality parameters that could meet the needs of a commercial eel hatchery. Concerning female European eels, the study demonstrates that the use of osmotic pumps loaded with CPE became an effective method, generating early maturations (4 to 10 weeks) in 50% of the females, so this method could become a viable alternative for eel hatchery procedures.
Test-Retest Reliability of Kinematic and Temporal Outcome Measures for Clinical Gait and Stair Walking Tests, Based on Wearable Inertial Sensors

It is important to assess gait function in neurological disorders. A common outcome measure from clinical walking tests is average speed, which is reliable but does not capture important kinematical and temporal aspects of gait function. An extended gait analysis must be time efficient and reliable to be included in the clinical routine. The aim of this study was to add an inertial sensor system to a gait test battery and analyze the test-retest reliability of kinematic and temporal outcome measures. Measurements and analyses were performed in the hospital environment by physiotherapists using customized software. In total, 22 healthy persons performed comfortable gait, fast gait, and stair walking, with 12 inertial sensors attached to the feet, shank, thigh, pelvis, thorax, and arms. Each person participated in 2 test sessions, with about 3–6 days between the sessions. Kinematics were calculated based on a sensor fusion algorithm. Sagittal peak angles, sagittal range of motion, and stride frequency were derived. Intraclass-correlation coefficients were determined to analyze the test-retest reliability, which was good to excellent for comfortable and fast gait, with exceptions for hip, knee, and ankle peak angles during fast gait, which showed moderate reliability, and fast gait stride frequency, which showed poor reliability. In stair walking, all outcome measures except shoulder extension showed good to excellent reliability. Inertial sensors have the potential to improve the clinical evaluation of gait function in neurological patients, but this must be verified in patient groups.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant and Sensitive Aeromonas hydrophila with Peripheral Pd(II)- vs. Zn(II)-Phthalocyanines

The antimicrobial multidrug resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria towards currently used antibiotics has a remarkable impact on the quality and prolongation of human lives. An effective strategy to fight AMR is the method PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT). PDT is based on a joint action of a photosensitizer, oxygen, and light within a specific spectrum. This results in the generation of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species that can inactivate the pathogenic cells without further regrowth. This study presents the efficacy of a new Pd(II)- versus Zn(II)-phthalocyanine complexes with peripheral positions of methylpyridiloxy substitution groups (pPdPc and ZnPcMe) towards Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). Zn(II)-phthalocyanine, ZnPcMe was used as a reference compound for in vitro studies, bacause it is well-known with a high photodynamic inactivation ability for different pathogenic microorganisms. The studied new isolates of A. hydrophila were antibiotic-resistant (R) and sensitive (S) strains. The photoinactivation results showed a full effect with 8 µM pPdPc for S strain and with 5 µM ZnPcMe for both R and S strains. Comparison between both new isolates of A. hydrophila (S and R) suggests that the uptakes and more likely photoinactivation efficacy of the applied phthalocyanines are independent of the drug sensitivity of the studied strains.
Informal Europeanization processes and domestic governance networks

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2022 The Authors. European Policy Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Policy Studies Organization 1Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 2Eawag, Dübendorf, and Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Influence of Pre-Dispersion Media on the Batch Reactor Dissolution Behavior of Al2O3 Coated TiO2 (NM-104) and Two ZnO (NM-110 and NM-111) Nanomaterials in Biologically Relevant Test Media

Dissolution plays an important role on pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs). The influence of contextual parameters on the results from dissolution testing needs to be identified to improve the generation of relevant and comparable data. This study investigated how pre-dispersions made in water, low-calcium Gamble’s solution, phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF), and 0.05% bovine serum albumin (BSA) affected the dissolution of the Al2O3 coating on poorly soluble TiO2 also coated with glycerine (NM-104) and rapidly dissolving uncoated (NM-110) and triethoxycaprylsilane-coated ZnO (NM-111) NMs. Dissolution tests were undertaken and controlled in a stirred batch reactor using low-calcium Gamble’s solution and phagolysosomal simulant fluid a surrogate for the lung-lining and macrophage phagolysosomal fluid, respectively. Pre-dispersion in 0.05% BSA-water showed a significant delay or decrease in the dissolution of Al2O3 after testing in both low-calcium Gamble’s solution and PSF. Furthermore, use of the 0.05% BSA pre-dispersion medium influenced the dissolution of ZnO (NM-110) in PSF and ZnO (NM-111) in low-calcium Gamble’s solution and PSF. We hypothesize that BSA forms a protective coating on the particles, which delays or lowers the short-term dissolution of the materials used in this study. Consequently, the type of pre-dispersion medium can affect the results in short-term dissolution testing.
Ideal Depth of Endotracheal Intubation at the Vocal Cord Level in Pediatric Patients Considering Racial Differences in Tracheal Length

Numerous formulas that can predict endotracheal intubation depth at the corner of the mouth or the nasal wing of patients have been reported, even though the oral and nasal cavity anatomies differ among patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to derive a simple and reliable formula to predict the ideal endotracheal tube insertion depth at the vocal cord level in pediatric patients. The current study was conducted as a retrospective observational study, involving 425 and 335 cardiac pediatric patients in Germany and Japan, respectively, and aimed to determine a formula for predicting tracheal length and ideal depth of endotracheal intubation at the vocal cord level in pediatric patients. The distance between the vocal cords and the carina tracheae was defined as the tracheal length, and was measured on preoperative chest radiographs obtained in the supine position. The tracheal length in cardiac pediatric patients ranged from 6 to 10% of the body height in Germany and from 7 to 11% in Japan. This study revealed racial differences in the tracheal length, that is, in the ideal depth of endotracheal intubation at the vocal cord level. This study suggests that an adequate endotracheal intubation depth can be achieved by inserting endotracheal tubes at the vocal cord level with the minimum tracheal length of each racial group in pediatric patients, for example, 6% and 7% of the body height in Europeans and Asians, respectively. If the endotracheal tube inserted with this method appears to be shallow on chest radiographs, this does not represent an increased risk of accidental extubation, due to an excessively short intubation depth, because the minimum tracheal length for each racial group is considered. That is, it is not due to the endotracheal tube insertion length, but is likely due to the tracheal length of the patient, who has a relatively long tracheal length in the racial group.
Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which belong to the Papillomaviridae family, constitute a group of small nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV has a small genome that only encodes a few proteins, and it is also responsible for 5% of all human cancers, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV types may be classified as high- and low-risk genotypes (HR-HPVs and LR-HPVs, respectively) according to their oncogenic potential. HR-HPV 16 and 18 are the most common types worldwide and are the primary types that are responsible for most HPV-related cancers. The activity of the viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which interfere with critical cell cycle points such as suppressive tumor protein p53 (p53) and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is the major contributor to HPV-induced neoplastic initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. In addition, the E5 protein might also play a significant role in tumorigenesis. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers is still not fully understood, which indicates a wide spectrum of potential research areas. This review focuses on HPV biology, the distribution of HPVs in gynecological cancers, the properties of viral oncoproteins, and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Economic Study on Switchgear Configuration in Electrical Systems of Offshore Wind Farms With Cable Outage

Along with the rapid development of offshore wind farms, the internal electric system of them has caused wide public concern. In this paper the economy of switchgear configuration for offshore wind farms is researched and based on traditional switchgear configuration the switchgear complete configuration and the switchgear partial configuration are put forward respectively; after the comprehensive consideration of two factors, i.e., the cost of investment and the fault opportunity cost due to the fault of submarine cable, the total costs of above-mentioned three switchgear configuration are assessed, and the sensitivity analysis on such factors impacting total cost as the price of switchgear, cable failure rate and maintenance time of failure is performed. Analysis results show that considering the economy, the switchgear partial configuration is the best one in the three switchgear configurations.
Weak Solutions for a Bifluid Model for a Mixture of Two Compressible Noninteracting Fluids with General Boundary Data

We prove global existence of weak solutions for a version of one velocity Baer-Nunziato system with dissipation describing a mixture of two non interacting viscous compressible fluids in a piecewise regular Lipschitz domain with general inflow/outfow boundary conditions. The geometrical setting is general enough to comply with most current domains important for applications as, for example, (curved) pipes of picewise regular and axis-dependent cross sections. As far as the existence proof is concerned, we adapt to the system the nowaday's classical Lions-Feireisl approach to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations which is combined with a generalization of the theory of renormalized solutions to the transport equations in the spirit of Vasseur-Wen-Yu. The results related to the families of transport equations presented in this paper extend/improve some of statements of the theory of renormalized solutions, and they are therefore of independent interest.
Immunogenicity of Multi-Target Chimeric RHDV Virus-like Particles Delivering Foreign B-Cell Epitopes

The rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) vaccine platform is a nanoparticle composed of 180 copies of the viral capsid protein, VP60, self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). RHDV VLPs are able to accept the simultaneous incorporation of target epitopes at different insertion sites. The resulting chimeric RHDV VLPs displaying immunogenic foreign antigens have been shown to induce specific protective immune responses against inserted heterologous T-cytotoxic and B-cell epitopes in the mouse and pig models. In this study, we explored whether RHDV-based engineered VLPs can be developed as efficient multivalent vaccines co-delivering different foreign B-cell antigens. We generated bivalent chimeric RHDV VLPs displaying two model B-cell epitopes at different surface-exposed insertion sites, as well as the corresponding monovalent chimeric VLPs. The immunogenic potential of the bivalent chimeric VLPs versus the monovalent constructs was assessed in the mouse model. We found that the bivalent chimeric VLPs elicited a strong and balanced antibody response towards the two target epitopes tested, although slight reductions were observed in the levels of specific serum antibody titers induced by bivalent chimeric VLPs as compared with the corresponding monovalent constructs. These results suggest that RHDV VLPs could represent a promising platform for the development of efficient multivalent vaccines.
On the Use of Satellite Nightlights for Power Outages Prediction

Hurricanes are a dominant disaster in the Caribbean, always causing serious power outages throughout the islands. Hurricane Maria was a prime example, causing unimaginable destruction of the power infrastructure of Puerto Rico (PR). Consequently, one month after the hurricane landfall, approximately 80% of the population was still without power. After an event of such massive destruction, the electric power restoration process progresses very slowly. This timeline can be improved using power outage (PO) forecast models that help identify the vulnerable places before the hurricane landfall. Generally, these models are trained with historical power outages records, associated data on weather conditions, and additional information about the natural and built environments. However, PO records are often difficult to acquire, and, in many instances, the power utility companies may not record them. This study utilizes a satellite-based Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) night light data product as a surrogate for the power delivery to predict hurricane-induced PO in areas having limited to nonexistent historical data records. The processed satellite data is then used along with geographic variables, and simulated weather data to formulate machine learning-based algorithms to predict PO for future hurricane events. These models are applied and validated in the context of the PR catastrophic storm, Hurricane Maria.
Optimal Design of an Ultrasound Transducer for Efficient Acousto-Optic Modulation of Terahertz Radiation

Acousto-optic (AO) interaction in the terahertz range was investigated with the use of monolithic ultrasound transducers of various widths. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) liquefied at a temperature of about 23 °C and a pressure of 25 bar was used as a medium for AO interaction. The angular and frequency bandwidths of effective AO interaction, as well as the diffraction efficiency per 1 W of the driving electric power, were determined. For the first time, a correct comparison of the AO diffraction efficiency in SF6 with the use of ultrasound transducers with different widths was carried out. In the experiments performed, the highest energy efficiency of the AO modulator was achieved with a transducer with a width of 12 mm.
Differential Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Binding and Functional Antibodies upon BNT162b2 Vaccine: A 6-Month Follow-Up

To investigate the dynamic association among binding and functional antibodies in health-care-workers receiving two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19-vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD IgG, anti-Trimeric-S IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were measured in serum samples collected at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months from full vaccination. Despite the high correlation, results for anti-RBD and anti-Trimeric S IgG were numerically different even after recalculation to BAU/mL following WHO standards indications. Moreover, after a peak response at 2 weeks, anti-RBD IgG levels showed a 4.5 and 13 fold decrease at 3 and 6 months, respectively, while the anti-Trimeric S IgG presented a less pronounced decay of 2.8 and 4.7 fold. Further different dynamics were observed for Nabs titers, resulting comparable at 3 and 6 months from vaccination. We also demonstrated that at NAbs titers ≥40, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the optimal cutoff point decreased with time from vaccination for both anti-RBD and anti-Trimeric S IgG. The mutating relation among the anti-RBD IgG, anti-Trimeric S IgG, and neutralizing antibodies are indicative of antibody maturation upon vaccination. The lack of standardized laboratory procedures is one factor interfering with the definition of a correlate of protection from COVID-19.