Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning and satisfaction levels with online teaching methods among undergraduate dental students – A survey

Taking an online course requires more motivation and self-discipline than taking a classroom-based course. One or more teachers and peers may keep a student responsible for their course work in a classroom. Online classes, on the other hand, enable us to set our own targets, chart our success, and follow deadlines. An awareness-based, self-administered questionnaire was created. The target audience for the study received a link to the questionnaire through Google Docs. The participants were given a thorough explanation of the survey's objectives. Pie charts with a frequency table were created after the survey findings were known. A Chi-square test was used to examine for associations in the statistics, and a P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall satisfaction level with online classes among students was, 57% were not satisfied with online classes, 31% were satisfied, and 12% were extremely satisfied. Most commonly students were not satisfied with both genders. However, majority of the females were not satisfied. This difference was statistically significant (Pearson's Chi-square value: 1.999, df = 2, P = 0.368 (>0.05) – significant). Eighty percent of the students have faced difficulties while attending online classes. However, 92% of the students have agreed that the technology helped them to attend their online classes.
A SIMPLE NONLINEAR MODEL FOR THE ROTATION OF MAIN-SEQUENCE COOL STARS. I. INTRODUCTION, IMPLICATIONS FOR GYROCHRONOLOGY, AND COLOR–PERIOD DIAGRAMS

We here introduce a simple nonlinear model to describe the rotational evolution of cool stars on the main sequence. It is formulated only in terms of the Rossby number (Ro = P/τ), its inverse, and two dimensionless constants which we specify using solar and open-cluster data. The model has two limiting cases of stellar rotation, previously called C and I, that correspond to two observed sequences of fast and slowly rotating stars in young open clusters. The model describes the evolution of stars from C-type, with particular mass and age dependencies, to I-type, with different mass and age dependencies, through the rotational gap, g, separating them. The proposed model explains various aspects of stellar rotation, and provides an exact expression for the age of a rotating cool star in terms of P and τ, thereby generalizing gyrochronology. Using it, we calculate the time interval required for stars to reach the rotational gap—a monotonically increasing, mildly nonlinear function of τ. Beginning with the range of initial periods indicated by observations, we show that the (mass-dependent) dispersion in rotation period initially increases, and then decreases rapidly with the passage of time. The initial dispersion in period contributes up to 128 Myr to the gyro-age errors of solar-mass field stars. Finally, we transform to color–period space, calculate appropriate isochrones, and show that this model explains some detailed features in the observed color–period diagrams of open clusters, including the positions and shapes of the sequences, and the observed density of stars across these diagrams.
The "rotation-activity connection": Its extension to photospheric activity diagnostics

In this paper we present the results of a different approach in the study of the so-called rotation-activity connection , which is a well established correlation between rotation and magnetic activity at chromospheric and outer atmospheric levels. The present study concerns the photospheric level and was carried out by using V -band photometric light curve amplitudes as indicators of starspot coverage and of magnetic activity. A high degree of correlation between the envelope of maximum V -band light curve amplitudes and the rotation period is found for the active star members of young open clusters (IC 2602, IC 2391, Alpha Persei, Pleiades and Hyades), as well as for active field stars. This correlation shows a diffe rent behaviour in two different rotation period ranges. Moreover, some evidence of a possible activity "saturation"is found among the most rapidly rotating stars of the sample. Additional correlations between photospheric and other magnetic activity indicators in the chromosphere, transition region and corona are also investigated. The results presented here can be considered as an extension of the well established rotation-activity connection valid from the corona, transition region and chromosphere, down to the photosphere.
Effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength of two different composite filling materials: An in vitro study

Flexural strength is the bend strength or stress which causes failure in bending of the material. Composite is the widely used restorative material in the era of esthetic dentistry as it provides better esthetic and mechanical support for both posterior and anterior teeth. The term “thermocycling” refers to the process of changing temperatures in the mouth. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of thermocycling on flexural strength in two different composite filling materials. Twelve samples of packable type composite filling material, among which four samples prepared were from Restofill l (Group 1) and four were prepared from Ivoclar Vivadent (Group 2) for the study. Bar-shaped composite resin specimens were prepared with dimensions of 2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm. Then, the eight samples were subjected to a thermocycling process and four left as control. This was followed by the determination of maximum force by a universal testing machine, and then, the collected data were used to determine flexural strength using the formula. The determining flexural strength was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 by Independent sample t-test. The mean flexural strength of thermocycled Restofill composite filling material is 6.73, whereas the nonthermocycled Restofill sample showed 5.58 and the mean flexural strength of thermocycled Ivoclar Vivadent composite filling material was 5.08. The difference was not statistically significant with P = 0.978 >0.05. The current study concludes that the flexural strength of the Restofill composite (Group 1) was higher than the Ivoclar composite (Group 2). Hence, thermocycling affects the flexural strength of composite resin.
Combination therapy using advanced biomaterials in the management of mandibular Grade II furcation defect

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. Even though plaque is a primary etiological factor; there are so many aggravating factors such as calculus, genetics, lifestyle habits, systemic health, and occlusal trauma. Trauma from occlusion is caused by occlusal force that surpasses the periodontium's adaptive capacity, causing injury to periodontal structures. This case highlights the management of a furcation defect of Grade II which was induced by occlusal trauma. The patient presented with periodontal abscess in relation to 36 and on radiographic examination, bone loss and high points were evident in relation to endodontically treated 36. A full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was elevated and after debridement injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF), osseograft, and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane were placed. The patient was recalled after 3 months for re-evaluation. On re-evaluation, the radiograph showed adequate bone fill which suggested that using iPRF, bone graft, and GTR may enhance periodontal regeneration in Grade II furcation defects. Therapy using iPRF, bone graft, and GTR may enhance in Grade II furcation problems, and periodontal regeneration is possible.
Interferometric Observations of Non-Maser SiO Emission From Circumstellar Envelopes of AGB Stars: Acceleration Regions and SIO Depletion

High- and medium-resolution images of SiO J = 2-1(V = 0) from the circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) of three oxygen-rich stars, Chi Cyg, RX Boo, and IK Tau, were obtained. The SIO images were found to be roughly circular, implying that the CSEs are spherically symmetric on angular-size scales of about 3-9 arcsec. The observed angular half-maximum intensity source radius is nearly independent of the LSR velocity for all three CSEs. Chi Cyg and RX Boo are argued to be less than 450 pc distant, and have mass-loss rates larger than about 10 exp -6 solar mass/yr. In Chi Cyg and RX Boo, the line profiles at the peak of the brightness distribution are rounded, typical of optically-thick emission from a spherical envelope expanding with a constant velocity. In the IK Tau line profiles, an additional narrower central component is present, probably a result of emission from an inner circumstellar shell with a significantly smaller expansion velocity than the extended envelope.
Awareness and knowledge of oral manifestations in cardiovascular diseases among the general public

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels. Periodontal problems, bleeding gums, dry mouth, and gingival hyperplasia are common oral manifestations seen in cardiovascular-related problems. To assess the extent of awareness and knowledge, the general public has toward the oral manifestation related to that of CVDs. A questionnaire was distributed among the general public in relation to that of the extent of awareness and knowledge of oral manifestations with regard to CVD. A total of 161 responses were collected from the survey. The collected data were compiled and analyzed by the SPSS software; the Pearson Chi-square test was done where P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study showed that 65.22% of the population is aware of the types of CVD. About 59.63% of the population do not know that periodontal problems lead to cardiovascular problems. About 39.75% have vague knowledge about the maintenance of poor oral health causing cardiovascular problems. The study concluded that the general public is not much aware of the oral manifestations related to that of CVDs.
Knowledge, awareness, and practice survey on conventional radiographic methods and processing among dental students

X-rays are electromagnetic waves produced by an X-ray machine and are used to observe the internal structures of patients. The X-rays pass through the body before being detected by the detector file or a digital detector behind the patient. To analyze the knowledge, awareness, and practice on conventional radiographic method and processing among the dental students. A well-framed questionnaire consisting of 10 questions were prepared and distributed among 100 dental professionals and students through the online Google forms link. The data were collected, tabulated in Excel sheets, and analyzed using the SPSS software. The Chi-square test was used to assess the P value. Sixty-five percentage of the participants are aware of conventional radiographic methods and 35% are not aware. The Chi-square test was done giving a P = 0.001 (<0.05), which is statistically significant. The dental students as compared to the other specialties have adequate and efficient knowledge and are aware of the conventional radiographic methods and its processing.
Evaluation of Immunohistochemistry Technique for Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Biopsy Tissue Specimen as Compared to Composite Diagnostic Criteria

Introduction: Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) has been challenging owing to its paucibacillary nature and diverse clinical manifestations. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on biopsy specimens has presented a new perspective toward improving tuberculosis diagnosis. MPT64 is a unique antigen that has shown high sensitivity and specificity compared to other conventional techniques in its ability to diagnose tuberculosis as well as differentiate it from nontubercular mycobacteria. In this study, we aimed to analyze the utility of anti-MPT64 in the diagnosis of EPTB. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conducted over a period of 1 year, 52 nonrepetitive samples from 52 participants with a presumptive diagnosis of EPTB were collected and processed. The specimens were subjected to Ziehl–Neelsen staining, GeneXpert, tissue culture by mycobacterium growth indicator tube, H and E staining, and IHC with anti-MPT64. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-MPT64 was computed against a composite diagnostic criterion. Results: Fifty-two consecutive participants satisfying the study criteria were recruited. The mean age of the study population was 37.35 ± 18.71 years. Lymph node specimen accounted for majority of the specimen processed (n = 20, 38.5%). The sensitivity of anti-MPT64 in the diagnosis of EPTB was 68.29%, specificity was 90.90%, positive predictive value was 96.55%, and negative predictive value was 43.47%, when composite criteria were considered standard for diagnosis. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical staining by anti-MPT64 is useful in establishing microbiological diagnosis of EPTB on biopsy specimens.
Association of Ellis class 1 fracture in children of age 6–12 years

Trauma is a well-known issue in children, and its prevalence is on the rise more than that of dental caries in children. The objective of the study is to evaluate the association of Ellis class 1 fracture in children between 6 and 12 years. This study includes 45 males and 55 female patients of age 6–12 years. All the data regarding the study population was extracted from Dental Information Archiving Software-all patient records from management. The data collected were tabulated and imported to SPSS software. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square tests. Ellis class 1 fracture ordinarily is observed to affect the central incisors. Majority of school children of 6–12 years of age were more vulnerable to dental trauma. There is a strong association between Ellis class 1 fracture in children of 6–12 years of age.
Prevalence of pulp stones in IOPA radiographs

The presence of calcifications or hard deposits within the pulp chamber of the teeth is referred to as pulp stones. There is a geographic and ethnic variation in the occurrence of these calcifications in the population. The article assessed the occurrence of pulp stones. As a secondary objective, the gender or age difference was also assessed. This study was carried out retrospectively by analyzing the archived dental radiographs. A total of 100 radiographs were taken for the analysis based on random sampling. The selected samples were scanned for the occurrence of pulp stones. From a total of 100 subjects, 15% had more than one pulp stone. This study revealed the prevalence of dental stones in the sample population was low. However, of the teeth examined, the mandibular arch had a higher incidence when compared to the maxillary arch. No significant correlation was found among gender or age. Further studies on a larger scale are required to find possible associations that would help determine clinical outcomes.
PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES AND HEALTHY MEAL CONSUMPTION AMONG FIRST CYCLE STUDENTS IN CALABAR METROPOLIS, NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION: Many higher education students indulge in risky eating behaviours which tend to affect their physical, psychological and academic health. Previous studies have tried to understand the trend in students’ eating patterns without paying adequate attention to contributing factors. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the influence of selected psychological variables on the consumption of balanced diets among students in two public universities in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A research question was posed, and a formulated hypothesis to guide the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. A total of 12,530 faculty of education students spread across two public universities in Calabar Metropolis constituted the population of this study. A sample of 125 students was randomly selected through the stratified technique. A four-point questionnaire was used for data collection after validation by experts. Descriptive statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, and percentages answered the research question. The null hypothesis was tested at the . 05 level of significance using the one-sample t-test analysis. RESULTS: Findings revealed that the influence of psychological variables (such as stress, emotions, and mental state) on students’ consumption of balanced diets is not significantly low. RECOMMENDATIONS/CLASSROOM IMPLICATIONS : Based on the findings of this study
A New Wave Technique for Free Vibration of a String With Time/Varying Length

We introduce a new technique to analyze free vibration of a string with time-varying length by dealing with traveling waves. When the string length is varied, the natural frequencies and vibration energy are not constant. Thus, free response is not represented by discrete standing waves but by traveling waves, and a given phase of oscillation travels along the string. String tension and nonzero instantaneous transverse velocity at the moving boundary results in energy variation. When the string undergoes retraction, free vibration energy increases exponentially with time, causing dynamic instability. The new wave technique gives the time-varying natural frequency and the exact amount of energy transferred into the vibrating string at the moving boundary. ©2002 ASME
Comment on "Wave functions of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator in a static magnetic field" (3 pages)

We show that the procedure used by Ferreira et al. [Phys. Rev. A 66, 024103 (2002)] is not correct for the following reasons: (i) the invariant $I(t)$ they derived does not satisfy the Liouville--Von Neuman equation. (ii) They found that the eigenvalues of $I(t)$ are time dependent which should not be the case according to the Lewis-Riesenfeld theory. We give a correct procedure to find the solution of the system they considered, i.e., the Schr\"odinger equation for a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency in the presence of a static magnetic field.
Dying for Oxygen: Roles of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2a and 3a during lung development

textabstractCongenital lung lesions comprise a broad spectrum of rare but clinically significant developmental abnormalities, including congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestrations, congenital lobar emphysema, and bronchogenic cysts, which are commonly surgically treated. Although the terms congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestrations, congenital lobar emphysema, and bronchogenic cysts are entrenched in clinical usage and comfortably correspond to rigid pathologic definitions, there is a considerable overlap in the findings. Disregarding the controversy about lesion nomenclature and classification, it is widely accepted that congenital lung lesions result from perturbations in lung and airway embryogenesis. It is generally accepted that both place (level in the tracheobronchial tree) and timing (gestational age) of the embryologic insult correlates with the type of lesion and histopathology that is manifested. The objective of this review is to briefly review normal lung development and to analyze the known molecular mechanisms underlying those diseases.
Local scour at a trapezoidal abutment: sediment motion pattern

Results for a local scour experiment are presented where the sediment motion was measured around a trapezoidal abutment. The experiment was performed in clear-water conditions. The sediment fluxes were evaluated by measuring the concentration and the velocity of the moving particles. Various evolution stages were considered, from the start of the experiment to a scour depth of almost twice the abutment length, with particular focus on the temporal and spatial evolution of the sediment kinematics. The results are then compared systematically with literature studies on the vortical flow field around trapezoidal abutments, to verify the consistency between the observed liquid and solid phase motion fields in a local scour process. The findings may support phenomenological analysis of the erosion process and numerical modeling of the temporal development of the scour depth at a trapezoidal abutment.
CONSTRAINTS ON SCALAR-TENSOR COSMOLOGY FROM WMAP DATA

We place observational constraints on a scalar-tensor gravity theory by comparing the WMAP temperature and polarization angular spectrum with its predictions. We examined the quadratic extension of Brans-Dicke theory and found that, even if the scalar-tensor theory was far from Einstein gravity in early cosmological epochs, CMB can set stringent constraints on the deviations from Einstein gravity.
Hunt for variations in molecular gas and cloud properties across the inner, Northern Galactic disk

Presumably, the properties of Galactic molecular gas reflect and diagnose external circumstances and environment. Nonetheless little study of variations in the properties of this gas across the disk has been carried out. Here, we show that the density-sensitive ratio of bulk 13 CO emissivities (measured in K km s −1 per kpc of path in the galactic plane) in the J=2-1 and J=1-0 transitions does not appear to vary systematically across the northern Galactic disk interior to the Solar Circle. For material at kinetic temperatures of 10-15 K, the in situ densities implied by the J=1-0/J=2-1 line ratio in 13 CO are 1500-3000 H 2 cm −3 , much larger than the mean values which arise from conversion of integrated 13 CO luminosities or virial masses
Zeta regularized products

If λ k is a sequence of nonzero complex numbers, then we define the zeta regularized product of these numbers, Π k l k , to be exp(−Z'(0)) where Z(s) = Σ k=0 ∞l k −s . We assume that Z(s) has analytic continuation to a neighborhood of the origin. If λ k is the sequence of positive eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a manifold, then the zeta regularized product is known as det' Δ, the determinant of the Laplacian, and Π k (λ k − λ) is known as the functional determinant. The purpose of this paper is to discuss properties of the determinant and functional determinant for general sequences of complex numbers. We discuss asymptotic expansions of the functional determinant as λ→−∞ and its relationship to the Weierstrass product
Solitary‐wave interaction

The interaction of solitary‐wave solutions of a model equation for long waves in dispersive media is examined numerically. It is found that the waves do not emerge from the interaction unscathed. Instead, two new solitary waves, having slightly different amplitudes from the original waves, together with a small dispersive tail are generated as a result of the interaction.
Nonthermal Velocity Evolution in the Precursor Phase of a Solar Flare

We present observations of two solar flares occurring in Active Region 7590 on 1993 October 3 using data from the Yohkoh spacecraft. The hard X-ray bursts from the two flares occurred within an 18 minute interval, with the soft X-ray emission having a shorter separation of ≈5 minutes. Both flares occurred within one Yohkoh orbit, and hence we have continuous coverage of the soft X-ray line broadening at the peak of the first flare, reducing to the active region level of 33.5 km s-1 in S XV (66.1 km s-1 in Ca XIX) and then increasing to the peak in the second flare. The rise above the active region background level begins 11 minutes before the start of the second flare as defined by the start of the hard X-ray emission. During this extended rise time of Vnt, there is no increase in the light curves or the electron temperature. We suggest that this increase is an indicator of turbulent changes in the active region prior to the flare that are related to the flare trigger mechanism.