Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representing Where along with What Information in a Model of a Cortical Patch

Behaving in the real world requires flexibly combining and maintaining information about both continuous and discrete variables. In the visual domain, several lines of evidence show that neurons in some cortical networks can simultaneously represent information about the position and identity of objects, and maintain this combined representation when the object is no longer present. The underlying network mechanism for this combined representation is, however, unknown. In this paper, we approach this issue through a theoretical analysis of recurrent networks. We present a model of a cortical network that can retrieve information about the identity of objects from incomplete transient cues, while simultaneously representing their spatial position. Our results show that two factors are important in making this possible: A) a metric organisation of the recurrent connections, and B) a spatially localised change in the linear gain of neurons. Metric connectivity enables a localised retrieval of information about object identity, while gain modulation ensures localisation in the correct position. Importantly, we find that the amount of information that the network can retrieve and retain about identity is strongly affected by the amount of information it maintains about position. This balance can be controlled by global signals that change the neuronal gain. These results show that anatomical and physiological properties, which have long been known to characterise cortical networks, naturally endow them with the ability to maintain a conjunctive representation of the identity and location of objects.
Equivalent Modeling for Shape Design of IPMC (Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite) as Flapping Actuator

In this work, flapping wings actuated by IPMCs are designed and simulated to mimick birds wing. In order for the wing to generate lift and thrust during flapping motion, the wing must be able to flap and twist at the same time. For design of such wings, shape of the IPMC actuator need to be designed such that the actuator can create bending and twisting motions during wing strokes. To determine the shape of the IPMC actuator, an equivalent bimorph beam model has been proposed based on the measured force-displacement data of an IPMC. The equivalent model and thermal analogy are used for numerical simulation of IPMC actuated wings to determine suitable shape of the IPMC actuator. In this way, we could select a best performing wing that can create the largest twist motion during flapping of the wing.
The BioSample Database (BioSD) at the European Bioinformatics Institute

The BioSample Database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biosamples) is a new database at EBI that stores information about biological samples used in molecular experiments, such as sequencing, gene expression or proteomics. The goals of the BioSample Database include: (i) recording and linking of sample information consistently within EBI databases such as ENA, ArrayExpress and PRIDE; (ii) minimizing data entry efforts for EBI database submitters by enabling submitting sample descriptions once and referencing them later in data submissions to assay databases and (iii) supporting cross database queries by sample characteristics. Each sample in the database is assigned an accession number. The database includes a growing set of reference samples, such as cell lines, which are repeatedly used in experiments and can be easily referenced from any database by their accession numbers. Accession numbers for the reference samples will be exchanged with a similar database at NCBI. The samples in the database can be queried by their attributes, such as sample types, disease names or sample providers. A simple tab-delimited format facilitates submissions of sample information to the database, initially via email to biosamples@ebi.ac.uk
Combinatory formulations of concurrent languages

We design a system with six <italic>Basic Combinators</italic> and prove that it is powerful enough to embed the full asynchronous π-calculus, including replication. Our theory for constructing <italic>Combinatory Versions</italic> of concurrent languages is based on a method, used by Quine and Bernays, for the general elimination of variables in linguistic formalisms. Our combinators are designed to eliminate the requirement of <italic>names</italic> that are <italic>bound</italic> by an<italic>input prefix</italic>. They also eliminate the need for input prefix, output prefix, and the accompanying mechanism of <italic>substitution</italic>. We define a notion of <italic>bisimulation</italic> for the combinatory version and show that the combinatory version preserves the semantics of the original calculus. One of the distinctive features of the approach is that it can be used to rework several process algebras in order to derive equivalent combinatory versions.
Integral sliding mode current control for three phase voltage source rectifier under unbalanced input voltage conditions

In this paper, a robust current control strategy for three-phase voltage source rectifier (VSR) under unbalanced input voltage conditions is proposed. In the strategy, dual current control structure with current regulation performed in positive and negative sequence (PNS) synchronous reference frame (SRF) is used and negative sequence current compensation is adopted to attain constant dc link voltage and sinusoidal ac line current. With regard to the current control law, power and flexibility of sliding mode control (SMC) and the Lyapunov stability theory is fully exploited and an enhanced SMC with integral action in both the sliding manifold and control law (ISMC) is obtained to solve the non-zero steady state error problem that faced in practice by conventional SMC (CSMC). As such, satisfactory performance can be obtained and system robustness can be guaranteed in the Lyapunov sense, in the presence of uncertainties with known bounds. Effectiveness of the ISMC current control strategy is verified through simulation and comparative study on a VSR model with MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Predictors of adverse long-term outcome in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: with special reference to the admission concentration of lipoprotein (a).

The predictive values for long-term outcome in 127 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after successful primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were prospectively investigated in the present study. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal AMI, and recurrent angina. Follow-up angiography was performed in 120 patients to assess restenosis. The primary endpoint occurred in 21 patients during a follow-up period of 35+/-24 months. These patients had a higher lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration (p=0.0105) and more prevalence of multivessel disease (p=0.0028) than the other patients. The subjects were divided into 2 groups at the 75th percentile Lp(a) value: group A had an Lp(a) concentration >or=47 mg/dl and group B <47 mg/dl. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a lower cardiac event-free survival rate in group A (p=0.0007) and in patients with multivessel disease (p=0.001). In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, an Lp(a) level >or=47 mg/dl (relative risk[RR] 5.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0-15.0, p=0.0007) and multivessel disease (RR 5.3, 95% CI 2.0-13.7, p=0.0006) were independent predictors of the primary endpoint. An elevated Lp(a) concentration on admission and multivessel disease are significant predictors for long-term adverse outcome in AMI patients treated by primary PTCA.
Stability and formation of the resonant system HD 73526

Context. Based on radial velocity measurements, it has been found that the two giant planets detected around the star HD 73526 are in 2:1 resonance. However, as our numerical integration shows, the derived orbital data for this system result in chaotic behavior of the giant planets, which is uncommon among the resonant extrasolar planetary systems. Aims. We present regular (non-chaotic) orbital solutions for the giant planets in the system HD 73526 and offer formation scenarios based on combining planetary migration and sudden perturbative effects such as planet-planet scattering or rapid dispersal of the protoplanetary disk. A comparison with the already-studied resonant system HD 128311, exhibiting similar behavior, is given. Methods. The new sets of orbital solutions were derived using the Systemic Console. The stability of these solutions was investigated using the Relative Lyapunov indicator, while the migration and scattering effects are studied by gravitational N-body simulations applying non-conservative forces. Additionally, hydrodynamic simulations of embedded planets in protoplanetary disks were performed to follow the capture into resonance. Results. For the system HD 73526 we demonstrate that the observational radial velocity data are consistent with a coplanar planetary system in a stable 2:1 resonance exhibiting apsidal corotation. We have shown that, similarly to the system HD 128311, the present dynamical state of HD 73526 could be the result of a mixed evolutionary process combining planetary migration and a perturbative event.
Constrained clock shifting for field programmable gate arrays

Circuits implemented in FPGAs have delays that are dominated by its programmable interconnect. This interconnect provides the ability to implement arbitrary connections. However, it contains both highly capacitive and resistive elements. The delay encountered by any connection depends strongly on the number of interconnect elements used to route the connection. These delays are only completely known after the place and route phase of the CAD flow. We propose the use of Clock Shifting optimization techniques to improve the clock frequency as a post place and route step.Clock Shifting Optimization is a technique first formalized in [4]. It is a cycle-stealing algorithm that allows one to reduce the critical path delay of a synchronous circuit by shifting the clock signals at each register. This technique allows late arriving signals to be sampled at a later point in time by intentionally introducing a skew on the clock input of the sampling register. Typical FPGAs contain a number of special purpose global clock networks that distribute clock signals to every register in the chip. Unused global clock lines in FPGAs can be used to distribute a finite set of clock skews to the entire circuit. We propose an efficient integer programming method to find the optimal circuit improvement for a finite set of clock skews. This technique is modified to consider inherent uncertainties present in the timing models. The uncertainty controls the aggressiveness of the optimizations as we must take great care in ensuring functionality for any range of possible timing characteristics.Our results confirm intuition that more aggressive speed optimizations can be performed as timing models become more accurate. We also show that providing 4 skewed versions of the nominal clock signal results in the best delay--area tradeoff. This result is evocative as it may suggest future FPGA architectures that contain greater numbers of global clock lines, as we tradeoff gains in speed for greater power requirements from increased clock network flexibility.
Reduction of Power Dissipation in Logic Circuits

The most research on the power consumption of circuits has been concentrated on the switching power and the power dissipated by the leakage current has been relatively minor area. In today‟s IC design, one of the key challenges is the increase in power dissipation of the circuit which in turn shortens the service time of battery-powered electronics, reduces the longterm reliability of circuits due to temperature-induced accelerated device and interconnects aging processes, and increases the cooling and packaging costs of these circuits. In this paper the main aim is to reduce power dissipation. A new design method for various logical circuits design, which is low power, compared to general Static CMOS logic. In this technique both NMOS transistor and PMOS transistors in various logic circuits is split into two transistors. Leakage current flowing through the NMOS transistor stack reduces due to the increase in the source to substrate voltage in the top NMOS transistor and also due to an increase in the drain to source voltage in the bottom NMOS transistor Leakage current flowing through the PMOS transistor stack reduces due to the increase in the source to substrate voltage in the top PMOS transistor and also due to an increase in the drain to source voltage in the bottom NMOS transistor. The tool used is TANNER EDA for schematic simulation. The simulation technology used is MOSIS 180nm.
Emulating self-reconfigurable robots - design of the SMORES system

Self-reconfigurable robots are capable of changing their shape to suit a task. The design of one system called SMORES (Self-assembling MOdular Robot for Extreme Shape-shifting) is introduced. This system is capable of rearranging its modules in all three classes of reconfiguration; lattice style, chain style and mobile reconfiguration. This system is capable of emulating many of the other existing systems and promises to be a step towards a universal modular robot.
An Internal/Interconnection Recurrent Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network (IRT2FNN) for dynamic system identification

This paper proposes an Internal /Interconnection Recurrent Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network (IRT2FNN) for dynamic system identification. The antecedent part of IRT2FNN forms a self and interconnection feedback loop by feeding the past and current firing strength of each rule. The TSK-type consequent part is a linear model of exogenous inputs with interval weights. The initial rule base in the IRT2FNN is empty, and an on-line constructing method is proposed to generate fuzzy rules which flexibly partition the input space. The recurrent structure in the IRT2FNN enable to handle dynamic system identification problems with a priori knowledge of system input and output delay numbers. Simulations on dynamic system identification verify the performance of IRT2FNN with clean and noisy outputs as well.
Service quality at the London 2012 games – a paralympics athletes survey

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on aspects of service quality at the London 2012 Paralympic Games, from a rather unusual perspective, the athletes. To date there has been little evidence captured about athlete’s satisfaction at sporting events, and specifically about their perceptions of the service quality provided. Design/methodology/approach – Unique “full” access to the London 2012 Paralympics allowed to the collection of data directly from the athletes. The study reports the questionnaire findings from a sample of 250 respondents. Findings – From this study an operational assessment and performance framework has been generated composed of ten criteria and 73 items or sub-criteria, which can be used as a benchmarking tool to plane, design and compare future sport mega-event. Moreover, the study evidence based the high quality of the 2012 Paralympics Games, as he athletes rated, on a five point Likert scale, 64 items in the “very satisfied” category, a very positive set of feedback for.
Numerical analysis of interface crack problem in composite plates jointed with composite patch

Stress intensity factors are numerically investigated for interfacial edge crack between two dissimilar composite plates jointed with single side composite patch. Variation of stress intensity factor under Mode I loading condition is examined for different material models and fiber orientation angles of composite plates and patch. ANSYS 12.1 finite element analysis software is used to obtain displacements of crack surfaces in the numerical solution and repaired plates are modeled in three dimensions. Obtained results are presented in the form of graphs. It is found that fiber orientation angle of composites is an effective parameter on interfacial stress intensity factor.
Shadowing effects on visible light communication channels

It is well known that the effect of shadowing on a visible light communication (VLC) system is severe due to its line of sight propagation nature. Hence, shadowing can seriously impair the system performance. In this paper, we propose a method to take advantage of the optical diffraction phenomenon to overcome shadowing by employing a receiver with a wide field-of-view (FOV). We have modelled the shadowing effect for visible light by a Bimodal Gaussian distribution and derived the probability of error for low, moderate and severe shadowing conditions. The Bimodal Gaussian distribution effectively represents separate propagation modes caused by different polarizations. This approach is useful in both indoor and outdoor environments.
Expression and prognostic value of microRNA‐26a and microRNA‐148a in gastric cancer

In our previous study, we demonstrated that four microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR‐26a, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐148a, and miR‐195) that were downregulated in both plasma and tumor tissues were confirmed to be promising non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC).
THE optimization of HDFS based on small files

HDFS is a distributed file system which can process large amounts of data effectively through large clusters, the HADOOP framework which is based on it has been widely used in various clusters to build large scale, high performance systems. However, HDFS is designed to handle large files and suffers performance penalty while dealing with large number of small files. There are many companies focus on cloud storage areas today, such as Amazon's s3 which provide data hosting. With the rapid development of Internet, users may be more tend to store their data and programs in the cloud computing platform in the future, the personal data has an obvious feature—most of them is small files, so HDFS can not meet this demand. In this article, we optimize the HDFS I/O feature based on small files, the basic idea is let one block save many small files and let the datanode save some meta-data of small files in it's memory. The experiment shows that our design can provide a better performance.
Erratum: Errata for Formal Aspects of Computing (2006) 18:495-517 and their consequences (Formal Aspects of Computing (2006) 18 (495-517))

There are many formal methods potentially available for a software practitioner; so many that it can be difficult to evaluate which is best or appropriate for a specific software engineering project. In computer science academia, small examples are typically presented in papers promoting different formal methods. In practical application, scaling is a huge issue. If a technique does not scale it will be of no interest in practice. Model checking is one approach that has gainedpopularitybecauseof its relatively good tool support and the automation that it provides. This technique works well to a limited level, although this has increased in scale dramatically with Moore’s Law helping to improve speed of execution, together with better algorithms and developments in software support. However, above a certain size, model checking is no longer feasible. For larger software development projects, formal specification becomes more appropriate. This can aid in other ways such as allowing refinement to an executable program or for determining suitable software testing in a systemic manner. Model-based specification has proved particularly helpful and practical. Software engineers are used to considering a model for the system under development, even if done informally with natural language or diagrams. Using a formal approach, the state of the system can be modelled at an abstract level and operations on this state can be specified. VDM (Vienna Development Method) was an early example of this approach. The Z notation, although a general formal specification language, is nearly always used in a state-based manner, using a standard style for this. Later the similar B-Method was proposed, designed for better tool-based support providing refinement all the way to executable program code. ASM (Abstract StateMachines) has also been proposed as a state-based approach to aid formal specification and refinement. The Workshop on Evolving Algebras (held in 1994 and 1996) became the ASMWorkshop from 1997 to 2005. The original Z User Meeting (first held in 1988) became the ZB Conference (covering Z and B, first held in 2000). The ASM Workshop then merged with the ZB Conference to become the ABZ Conference (first held in 2008 [BBBB08], covering ASM, B (and Event-B), Z, and later including other state-based formal specification approaches as well, such as Alloy, TLA, and VDM). This conference continues to this day, most recently in 2018. A previous book entitled Abstract State Machines: A Method for High-Level System Design and Analysis by Egon Börger and Robert Stärk appeared in 2003, also published by Springer [BS03], and introduced the ASM approach as both a textbook and handbook. The ASM notation is a form of pseudo-code based on finite state
A General Solution to the Graph History Interaction Problem

Since the state space of most games is a directed graph, many game-playing systems detect repeated positions with a transposition table. This approach can reduce search effort by a large margin. However, it suffers from the so-called Graph History Interaction (GHI) problem, which causes errors in games containing repeated positions. This paper presents a practical solution to the GHI problem that combines and extends previous techniques. Because our scheme is general, it is applicable to different game tree search algorithms and to different domains. As demonstrated with the two algorithms αβ and df-pn in the two games checkers and Go, our scheme incurs only a very small overhead, while guaranteeing the correctness of solutions.
Leukocyte elastase: physiological functions and role in acute lung injury.

Introduction Genetics of Elastase In vitro Substrates of Elastase—Clues to in vivo Function? Regulation and Function of Elastase Inhibition by and Evasion of Antiproteases Elastase Release by Neutrophils Involvement of Elastase in Neutrophil Transvascular Emigration into the Interstitium Membrane-bound Elastase: Vectorial Migration of the Neutrophil? Cytotoxicity and Wound Healing Evidence for the Role of Elastase in ARDS in Humans Animal Models of Lung Injury and Leukocyte Elastase Studies of Protease Inhibitors and Experimental Lung Injury Studies with Elastase Knockout Mice Studies of Elastase Inhibitors in Human Lung Injury in Sepsis Conclusions and Unanswered Questions A balance between injury and benefit: a modulator of the inflammatory response?