Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communication Network Architectures for Driver Assistance Systems

Autonomous Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are of increasing importance to warn vehicle drivers of potential dangerous situations. In this paper, we propose one system to warn drivers of the presence of pedestrians crossing the road. The considered ADAS adopts a CNN-based pedestrian detector (PD) using the images captured from a local camera and to generate alarms. Warning messages are then forwarded to vehicle drivers approaching the crossroad by means of a communication infrastructure using public radio networks and/or local area wireless technologies. Three possible communication architectures for ADAS are presented and analyzed in this paper. One format for the alert message is also presented. Performance of the PDs are analyzed in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. Results show that the accuracy of the PD varies from 70% to 100% depending on the resolution of the videos. The effectiveness of each of the considered communication solutions for ADAS is evaluated in terms of the time required to forward the alert message to drivers. The overall latency including the PD processing and the alert communication time is then used to define the vehicle braking curve, which is required to avoid collision with the pedestrian at the crossroad.
Correlation of oxidative stress and serum gonadotropins in female infertility - A cross sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Zone of India

Background: Infertility is a very important issue to family and society. Oxidative stress (OS) may affect ovulation, fertilization, embryo development, and implantation resulting in infertility in women. Gonadotropins are required for follicle development and estrogen production, hence low levels of these hormones may result infertility. Aim and Objectives: Our aim was to study OS and serum gonadotropins level in infertile women and to study whether the OS has any effect on gonadotropins level in infertile women. Materials and Methods: It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The study group included 50 infertile women in the age of 20–45 years. Age-matched 50 women without a history of infertility were selected as control. Serum samples were collected on the third day of the menstrual cycle and assayed for carbonylation of serum protein, a marker of OS by Levine’s method and Serum Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay method in ADVIA, Centaur CP (SIEMENS) autoanalyzer. Statistical analysis of data was done by SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From our study, we observed that OS was significantly high in infertile women than control (P < 0.05). Serum gonadotropins levels were significantly low in infertile women than control (P < 0.05). Our study shows significant negative correlations between OS and serum gonadotropins level in infertile women (P < 0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both OS and low serum gonadotropin levels may be etiological factors for infertility in women. Oxidative can cause infertility by direct effect on reproduction physiology as well as by lowering gonadotropin level. So OS and serum gonadotropin levels can be emphasized in case of treatment of female infertility.
System

2011-2015 Chariman, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Manage the activity of ten fulltime faculty and three full time staff in the Department. The Department includes faculty and staff engaged in a full complement of environmental and occupational health research, educational programs, continuing education, and service both locally and around the world. The Department consists of three units, the Institute of Biosecurity and Disaster Preparedness, the Center for Environmental Education and Training, and the Environmental Health Research Laboratory. Students are trained at the Master and Doctoral level. Emergency Management students are trained at the undergraduate level.
Fracture reduction has a dominant effect over cerclage wiring in increasing stiffness of intertrochanteric OTA/AO 31-A3.1 (reverse oblique) fractures managed with cephalomedullary osteosynthesis

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the mechanical properties of cephalomedullary nailing of intertrochanteric OTA/AO 31-A3.1 (reverse oblique) fractures and to test the hypothesis that anatomical reduction and augmentation with cerclage wire produces a more stable construct. Methods: A standardized fracture model in composite saw bone was created to stimulate an intertrochaneric 31-A3.1 fracture, using a 3D printed cutting guide. Simulated osteosynthesis was performed with 12 femurs divided into anatomically reduced and varus malreduced groups. Each femur was tested with and without cerclage wire augmentation. All femurs were fixed with a 215 mm, 130 degree, 11.5 mm nail. An Instron 8874 biaxial materials testing machine was used to assess the axial stiffness. Cyclic loading consisted of 5000 cycles of sinusoidal combined axial-torsion loading at 3 Hz. Axial load was 100 N to 2000 N and torsion −4.5 Nm to +4.5 Nm. Stiffness was measured before and after cyclic loading. Results: Reduced constructs were stiffer than residual varus constructs. The mean overall fracture stiffness was 508.7 N/mm for reduced constructs and 379.2 N/mm for varus constructs. Removing the cables significantly decreased the fracture stiffness for both constructs (mean difference 60.0 N/mm, 95% CI 7.7–112.3, P = .032). Conclusions: Anatomical reduction has a dominant effect on facture stiffness. Anatomically reduced fractures are stiffer than varus malreduced fractures. A cerclage wire further improves construct stiffness if anatomical reduction is achieved. Cerclage wiring is less effective if anatomical reduction is not achieved.
Defensive Impact of Foliar Applied Potassium Nitrate on Growth Linked with Improved Physiological and Antioxidative Activities in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Hybrids Grown under Salinity Stress

Salt stress is recognized to negatively influence the fundamental processes in plants regarding growth and yield. The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is considered an important industrial crop because of the good quality of oil it produces that can be used for cooking purposes. The exogenous application of potassium (K) has been reported to enhance abiotic resistance and increase yield in crops. Here, we explored the impact of foliar-applied K at 500 ppm on the physiological and biochemical traits, antioxidant activities, and growth attributes of sunflower grown under salt stress (140 mM NaCl). The findings indicated that salinity stress adversely affected photosynthesis and various gas exchange characteristics. Foliar applied K markedly improved the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, CO2 assimilation rate, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll pigments, and upregulated antioxidant system, which are responsible for the healthy growth of sunflower hybrids grown under salinity stress. The shoot and root lengths, plant fresh and dry weights, and achene weight were significantly increased by K application. Overall, foliar applied K significantly improved all of the aforementioned attributes and can attenuate the deleterious influences of salinity stress in sunflower.
Enterprise Surveys

The Country Profiles produced by the Enterprise Analysis Unit of the World Bank provide an overview of key business environment indicators in each economy, comparing them to their respective geographic region and group of countries with similar income levels. The same topics are covered for all countries with slight variations of indicators. All indicators are based on the responses of firms. To learn more about the Enterprise Analysis Unit and to obtain Country Profiles for other countries
What Comes Before Innovation Kicks in: Contemporary Evidence and Future Directions of Innovative Work Behaviour of Individuals — A Conceptual Literature Review

The importance of innovation is widely considered to be of peak importance for today´s enterprises. However, the understanding of one key element leading towards innovation seems to be neglected in scientific research: The innovative work behavior of individuals. Since Scott and Bruce investigated the determinants and introduced a path model of individual innovative work behavior twenty years ago (Scott and Bruce, 1994) much time has passed. New and upcoming trends in management, society and culture therefor could not be considered but influence the concept. This conceptual literature review therefor identifies, evaluates, aggregates and classifies the developments and trends from 2020 and 2021 regarding innovative work behavior. This study analyzed 41 journal articles, which further cited 3,609 publications as references, in EBSCO and Elsevier. The focus of the literature review was studies published in 2020 and 2021 and analyses that covered the topic of individual innovative behavior. The defined research objectives were framed by setting conceptual boundaries. Data was collected by using inclusion/exclusion criteria to then validate and manually review the research results. The results of this review suggest that firstly there is a change visible of the definition of the term itself, which has also influenced the scales being used to be reviewed or shifting. In addition the review shows how changes in working and managing enterprises effect innovative work behavior. They can be grouped into the three areas: role and impact of culture, societal trends and new management trends. Thus the effects of mindfulness, transformational leadership, usage of social media, or corporate social responsibility on innovative work behavior are better understood. This conceptual literature research connects and aggregates the various tendencies and supports new measurement models introduced which might help to identify possible causes of these discrepancies and provide direction for further research. Thereby this conceptual literature review thus sheds light on what otherwise seems to be a familiar concept.
Spatial Distributions of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Sediments in Intertidal Flats of the Yellow River Delta, China

The spatial distributions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in surface sediments are of great significance in studying the ecological process of nutrient cycling in intertidal flats. However, little is known about N and P’s spatial distribution in intertidal flats of the Yellow River Delta (YRD). We analyzed the N and P contents in surface sediments and Suaeda glauca density at the low-tidal level to identify the spatial distributions of nutrients and their influencing factors in coastal tidal flat sediments. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in this study were both lower than the background values of China’s shallow sea sediments. The spatial distributions of N and P had significantly spatial heterogeneity, while those of the nutrients at different distances from the low-tidal level to the coastline showed no significant distance effects. The spatial distribution of S. glauca in coastal tidal flats had significant location characteristics and was closely related to the distribution of TN and pH. The TN in non-estuarine intertidal flats was less than that in estuaries; in contrast, the TP was higher in non-estuaries. There are some differences of N and P between estuary and non-estuary areas.
Still just victims or villains? The “jihadi brides” and the representation of politically violent women

In February 2015, three schoolgirls from Bethnal Green Academy left the UK to join the Islamic State (IS). Kadiza Sultana, Amira Abase and Shamima Begum became emblematic of the group’s “pull” and were the focus of intense media interest as authorities attempted to intercept them before they crossed the border to Syria. The journalistic framing of their story invited the public to engage as mediated witnesses in a familiar drama, complete with heroic police officers, grieving families and the three so-called “jihadi brides” as classic damsels in distress: naïve, vulnerable and unaware of what awaited them in IS territory. The defection of these three in particular, and the “jihadi brides” in general, was situated simultaneously as a novel trauma in an ongoing ideological and material war against jihadism, and as more of the same as far as women’s political violence was concerned. On the one hand, the ability of IS to attract women to its cause indicated a new rupture in the war on terror. Of the 41,490 foreign IS affiliates in Syria and Iraq between 2013 and 2018, 4761 were women, including 1023 from Western Europe (Cook and Vale 2018, 14), and the visibility of women in IS as recruiters and propagandists on social media was understood as requiring urgent intervention and surveillance. On the other hand, the domestication of this rupture, through the familiar representation of these women as victims of jihadist men, is familiar territory for feminist scholars of political violence. This narrative draws on Jean Bethke Elshtain’s sketch of the (female) Beautiful Soul, for whom wars are fought, and the (male) Just Warrior, who fights for her honour and protection (Elshtain 1995), and has been ever-present during the twenty years since the 11 September 2001 attacks. The war on terror was famously sold as a rescue mission to save the women of Afghanistan, through the portrayal of the entire female population as damsels in distress who needed saving by brave American soldiers (Masters 2009; Eisenstein 2016), and gendered stories have surfaced whenever the war was not going well. As Caron Gentry and Laura Sjoberg have noted, the “rescue” of Private Jessica Lynch in March 2003 and the focus on and sacrifice of Lynndie England for her role in the Abu Ghraib abuses relied on gendered narratives of ideal victims and femininity gone awry (Sjoberg 2007; Gentry and Sjoberg 2015). This victim/villain discourse that has enveloped narratives about women’s participation in the war on terror, has resurfaced in the recent war against Islamic State. Women loyal to IS were portrayed as victims of IS men and villains in comparison to other women involved in the conflict, particularly female Kurdish fighters and Yazidi women (Kollarova 2016).
Exploration of Transformational Leadership Practices and its Effect on Performance of Private Colleges: Mediating Role of Teachers’ Retention

This study was conducted to examine the effect of transformational leadership on performance of private group of colleges in Punjab and probes the role of teachers’ retention as mediator. Data by using questionnaire were collected from 311 teachers through convenience sampling. Three null hypotheses were formulated and with the help of Pearson Correlation, Regression analysis and Hayes (2013) mediation process model to analysis the direct and indirect effect of predictor variables on outcome variables were applied to test the null hypothesis. After data analysis hypotheses were rejected and alternative hypotheses were accepted. Therefore, the finding of the study was not surprising and it was revealed that transformational leadership has significant effect on performance of private colleges and teachers’ retention. Moreover, teachers’ retention was found a positive mediating role in the effect of transformational leadership on performance of private colleges. It was suggested that heads should practice the transformational leadership traits in order to increase teachers’ retention and performance of private colleges. the value of It shows a
Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary This review article addresses the toxic effects on the heart associated with the use of certain cancer-treating drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs target specific proteins in the cell cycle that are abundantly expressed in cancerous cells; however, they inadvertently damage non-cancerous tissue. In the heart, this occurs in the form of dysfunction or death of smooth muscle cells, leading to consequences such as infection, heart rhythm changes, and hormonally dependent and independent ischemia. This review examines the average and median onset of these drug toxicities as well as antidotes. One key observation is that these side effects are positively skewed, meaning they occur early in cancer treatment. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors are immune stimulatory drugs used to treat many types of cancer. These drugs are antibodies against inhibitory proteins, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, that are expressed on immune cells. When bound, they allow for increased stimulation of T cells to fight tumor cells. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors have several immune-related adverse effects. Many cases have come to light recently of cardiotoxicity as a result of treatment with these drugs. Cardiotoxicity from immune checkpoint inhibitors is unique due to its rarity and high mortality rate. Patients with this toxicity may present with myocarditis, pericarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, conduction disorders, and others within just a few weeks of starting immune checkpoint inhibitors. We present here a review of the current research on immune checkpoint inhibitors, their associated cardiotoxicities, the timing of presentation of these conditions, lab tests and histology for each condition, and finally the treatment of patients with cardiotoxicity. We observe a positive skew in the onset of presentation, which is significant for the treating physician.
A Study of Hepatitis A Seroprevalence in a Paediatric and Adolescent Population of the Province of Florence (Italy) in the Period 2017–2018 Confirms Tuscany a Low Endemic Area

Background: Italy is considered an area with very low HAV (hepatitis A virus) endemicity. Currently in Italy the anti-HAV vaccine is recommended only for specific risk groups and there is no universal vaccination program. The aim of this study was to assess the level of immunity against hepatitis A in a sample of children and adolescents from the province of Florence. Methods: A total of 165 sera were collected from subjects aged 1 to 18 years, proportionally selected according to the general population size and stratified by age and sex. A qualitative evaluation of anti-HAV antibodies was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anamnestic and vaccination status data were also collected. Results: Our study showed a hepatitis A seroprevalence of 9.1% in the enrolled population. A statistically significant difference in the prevalence of anti-HAV was found between Italian and non-Italian subjects. About half of the population having anti-HAV antibodies was reported to be vaccinated, and no cases of hepatitis A were found. Conclusions: The data from our study confirmed Tuscany as an area with low HAV endemicity and showed that hepatitis A seroprevalence is significantly higher in foreign children and adolescents. The presence of more seropositive subjects than those vaccinated was probably due to a natural immunization achieved through a subclinical infection and/or to underreporting of the surveillance systems.
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AMONG DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT: AN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY

Objective: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is regarded as one of the major challenges in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). It can lead to non-compliance or interrupting treatment completion, which can contribute to avoidable morbidity, drug resistance, treatment failure, reduced quality of life, or mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Ernakulam district of Kerala from 2016 to 2019. All DR-TB patients registered under the DR-TB center were enrolled in the study. Due to privacy and confidentiality HIV infected patients and patients below 12 y of age were excluded in this study and only the data with ADR reported by patients is collected from medical records. Results: Out of the total 146 patients, about 75 % of patients experienced at least one ADR during treatment, and a total of 208 ADRs were reported. Among all the ADRs, the most common ADR was gastritis (12.98%) followed by ototoxicity (10%) and vomiting (5.76%), etc. It was found that males (78.76%) within the age group 46-65 y exhibited more ADR than females. Some of the ADR requires drug withdrawal and replacement with other drugs and most of the patients also needed symptomatic treatment without modifying the treatment regimen. All ADR reported were collected and causality assessment was done via WHO and Naranjo scale. The majority of ADR belongs to the “probable” category in the WHO scale and Naranjo scale. The evaluation of the severity of ADR by using the Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale indicated that most of the ADR was of moderate level showing a 4b reaction. The study also assessed the preventability of ADR using the Schumock and Thornton preventability scale. Conclusion: Many of the ADRs were unidentified or not reported due to several reasons like milder ADR, patient lack of knowledge, Negligence of symptoms, unawareness of health providers, etc. Whereas the long-term treatment and diversities in age, gender, etc. were found as major contributors to ADR along with comorbidities. New drugs in combination with existing drugs created the potential for previously unnotified reactions. Pharmacovigilance should address the safety of therapy and identify ADRs, especially the serious ones with routine monitoring to prevent mortality, morbidity, and other negative outcomes.
Genotype by Environment Interactions in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars for Nutritional Quality Assessment

In current study twenty-five barley genotypes were grown under RCBD (randomized complete block design). Barley flour was analyzed for proximate composition, β-glucan content, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. Based on the results of nutritional quality best line (4158) was selected for the preparation of wheat flour supplemented bread. The sensory evaluation of bread was carried out to assess its suitability for consumers. The data obtained from all the experiments was subjected to statistical analysis by CRD. The results indicated that the highest moisture content (13.47%), protein content (13.93%), fat content (3.39%), fiber content (7.08%), ash content (2.67%) and NFE (71.54%) were observed in lines 4220, 4158, 4149, 4193, 4233, 4220 respectively. Similarly, significant differences for β-glucan (4.99%), total dietary fiber (16.62%), soluble (6.23%) and insoluble dietary fiber contents (10.36%) were observed in barley line 4193, 4233, 4168 and 4233, respectively. The bread prepared with the addition of 5% flour to wheat flour was liked most by the judges after the control bread. The current study showed significant potential of flour to be used by baking industry for the preparation of bread and other food products by the addition of flour.