Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia in Outpatients with Major Depression—A Randomised Controlled Trial

The aim of this randomised controlled assessor-blinded trial was to examine the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on sleep variables and depressive symptomatology in outpatients with comorbid insomnia and moderate to severe depression. Forty-seven participants were randomized to receive one weekly session in 6 weeks of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia or treatment as usual. The intervention was a hybrid between individual and group treatment. Sleep scheduling could be especially challenging in a group format as patients with depression may need more support to adhere to the treatment recommendations. The primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index. Secondary measures were sleep diary data, the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization Questionnaire for Quality of Life and polysomnography. Compared to treatment as usual, cognitive behavioural therapy significantly reduced the insomnia severity index (mean ISI 20.6 to 12.1, p = 0.001) and wake after sleep onset (mean 54.7 min to 19.0 min, p = 0.003) and increased sleep efficiency (mean SE 71.6 to 83.4, p = 0.006). Total sleep time and sleep onset latency were not significantly changed. The results were supported by analyses of the other rating scales and symptom dimensions. In conclusion, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia as add-on to treatment as usual was effective for treating insomnia and depressive symptoms in a small sample of outpatients with insomnia and major depression. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02678702.
THE MULTI-EPOCH NEARBY CLUSTER SURVEY: TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENT IN z ∼ 0.1 CLUSTERS AND THE LATE-TIME DELAY TIME DISTRIBUTION

We describe the Multi-Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey, designed to measure the cluster Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) rate in a sample of 57 X-ray selected galaxy clusters, with redshifts of 0.05 < z < 0.15. Utilizing our real-time analysis pipeline, we spectroscopically confirmed twenty-three cluster SNe Ia, four of which were intracluster events. Using our deep Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope/MegaCam imaging, we measured total stellar luminosities in each of our galaxy clusters, and we performed detailed supernova (SN) detection efficiency simulations. Bringing these ingredients together, we measure an overall cluster SN Ia rate within R200 (1 Mpc) of 0.042+0.012 − 0.010+0.010 − 0.008 SNuM (0.049+0.016 − 0.014+0.005 − 0.004 SNuM) and an SN Ia rate within red-sequence galaxies of 0.041+0.015 − 0.015+0.005 − 0.010 SNuM (0.041+0.019 − 0.015+0.005 − 0.004 SNuM). The red-sequence SN Ia rate is consistent with published rates in early-type/elliptical galaxies in the “field. ” Using our red-sequence SN Ia rate, and other cluster SN measurements in early-type galaxies up to z ∼ 1, we derive the late-time (>2 Gyr) delay time distribution (DTD) of SN Ia assuming a cluster early-type galaxy star formation epoch of zf = 3. Assuming a power-law form for the DTD, Ψ(t)∝ts, we find s = −1.62 ± 0.54. This result is consistent with predictions for the double degenerate SN Ia progenitor scenario (s ∼ −1) and is also in line with recent calculations for the double detonation explosion mechanism (s ∼ −2). The most recent calculations of the single degenerate scenario DTD predicts an order-of-magnitude drop-off in SN Ia rate ∼6–7 Gyr after stellar formation, and the observed cluster rates cannot rule this out.
Parallel Differentiation and Plastic Adjustment of Leaf Anatomy in Alpine Arabidopsis arenosa Ecotypes

Functional and structural adjustments of plants in response to environmental factors, including those occurring in alpine habitats, can result in transient acclimation, plastic phenotypic adjustments and/or heritable adaptation. To unravel repeatedly selected traits with potential adaptive advantage, we studied parallel (ecotypic) and non-parallel (regional) differentiation in leaf traits in alpine and foothill ecotypes of Arabidopsis arenosa. Leaves of plants from eight alpine and eight foothill populations, representing three independent alpine colonization events in different mountain ranges, were investigated by microscopy techniques after reciprocal transplantation. Most traits clearly differed between the foothill and the alpine ecotype, with plastic adjustments to the local environment. In alpine populations, leaves were thicker, with altered proportions of palisade and spongy parenchyma, and had fewer trichomes, and chloroplasts contained large starch grains with less stacked grana thylakoids compared to foothill populations. Geographical origin had no impact on most traits except for trichome and stomatal density on abaxial leaf surfaces. The strong parallel, heritable ecotypic differentiation in various leaf traits and the absence of regional effects suggests that most of the observed leaf traits are adaptive. These trait shifts may reflect general trends in the adaptation of leaf anatomy associated with the colonization of alpine habitats.
Journal Pre-proof Adenosine-rich extract of Ganoderma lucidum: a safe and effective lipid-lowering substance via regulating expression and modulation of PPAR signaling pathway a

Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine with a variety of active compounds and possessing adequate lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects. However, its main active components and potential mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the adenosine extract from Ganoderma lucidum (AEGL) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic ApoE -/-mice and explored the underlying biological mechanism by multi-omics analysis. Treatment with AEGL for 8 weeks significantly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) by 45.59%, 41.22%, and 39.02%, respectively, as well as reduced liver TC and TG by 44.15% and 76.23%, compared with the HFD-only group. We also observed significant amelioration of hepatic steatosis without liver and kidney damage after AEGL treatment. Regulating the expression and acetylation/crotonylation of proteins involved in the PPAR signaling pathway may be one of the potential mechanisms involved in the observed lipid-lowering effects of AEGL. hepatic its mechanism based on multi-omics. The results showed that AEGL could significantly reduce lipid levels in blood and liver, as well as significantly ameliorate hepatic steatosis without causing significant damage to liver and kidney. By integrating
Exploring the Socio-Demographic and Psychosocial Factors That Enhance Resilience in the COVID-19 Crisis

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly affected mental health worldwide. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and psychosocial factors that influence the level of resilience among Singaporeans amidst the pandemic. An online questionnaire was administered to Singaporeans and permanent residents aged 21 and above. The online questionnaire collected information on sociodemographics, infection, and contact with COVID-19. Psychosocial variables—specifically optimism, self-efficacy, hope, and resilience—were also assessed through validated questionnaires. A total of 404 responses were collected in this study. Men were reported to have higher resilience compared to women (28.13 vs. 25.54, p-value < 0.001). Married individuals were observed to have higher resilience compared to their single counterparts (27.92 vs. 25.77, p-value < 0.001). Interestingly, participants who knew of family members/friends who had contracted COVID-19 were reported to be more resilient than those who did not (28.09 vs. 26.19, p-value = 0.013). Optimism, self-efficacy, and hope were also found to be associated with higher resilience (p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, one’s sex, marital status, contact with COVID-19, level of optimism, self-efficacy, and hope were shown to significantly affect resilience. Given the long-drawn nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions should aim to improve optimism, self-efficacy, and hopefulness in the community.
Transition from Laser to Intravitreal Injections for Diabetic Retinopathy: Hospital Utilization and Costs from an Extended Healthcare Perspective

Purpose: To describe the trends in hospital utilization and economic outcomes associated with the transition from laser to intravitreal injection (IVI) therapy for diabetic retinopathy (DR) at Oslo University Hospital (OUH), which provides the largest retina service in Norway. Methods: This descriptive study analyzed hospital administrative data and determined the average utilization and treatment proportions of laser therapy, IVIs and vitrectomy for each patient per year. The Chi-square test was used to compare resource use between treatment groups. From an extended healthcare perspective, the annual cost per patient was calculated using Norwegian tariff data from 2020 and the National Medication Price Registry for patients seen between 2010 and 2018. Bootstrapping was performed to generate 95% confidence intervals for the cost per patient per year. Results: Among the 1838 (41% female) patients treated for DR between 2005 and 2018, OUH provided on average 1.09 laser treatments per DR patient and 0.54 vitrectomies per DR patient in 2005, whose utilization declined to 0.54 and 0.05 treatments per DR patient, respectively, by 2018. Laser treatments declined from 64% to 10%, while vitrectomies declined from 32% to 1%. In contrast, IVI treatments increased from 4.5% to 89% of the total share, representing an average increase, from 0.08 injections per patient in 2005 to 4.73 injections per patient in 2018. Both the increasing number of DR patients and the shift in the type of treatment increased the economic costs of treating DR from a total of EUR 0.605 million (EUR 2935 per patient) in 2010 to EUR 2.240 million (EUR 3665 per patient) in 2018, with IVIs contributing considerably to these costs. Conclusions: Despite the decline in the use of vitrectomies, the transition from laser to IVI therapy for DR increased the healthcare resource utilization and economic costs of its treatment over the observed time. A main cost driver was the need for long-term IVIs, in addition to the drug cost itself. Trade-offs can be achieved through effective alternative IVI delivery or appropriate drug choice that balances patient needs with the economic burden of treating DR.
Bayesian Weak Supervision via an Optimal Transport Approach

Large-scale machine learning is often impeded by a lack of labeled training data. To address this problem, the paradigm of weak supervision aims to collect and then aggregate multiple noisy labels. We propose a Bayesian probabilistic model that employs a tractable Sinkhorn-based optimal transport formulation to derive a ground-truth label. The translation between true and weak labels is cast as a transport problem with an inferred cost structure. Our approach achieves strong performance on the WRENCH weak supervision benchmark. Moreover, the posterior distribution over cost matrices allows for exploratory analysis of the weak sources.
Phase Space and Jet Definitions in SCET

We discuss consistent power counting for integrating soft and collinear degrees of freedom over arbitrary regions of phase space in the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), and illustrate our results at one loop with several jet algorithms: JADE, Sterman-Weinberg and k⊥. Consistently applying SCET power-counting in phase space, along with non-trivial zero-bin subtractions, prevents double-counting of final states. The resulting phase-space integrals over soft and collinear regions are individually ultraviolet divergent, but the phase-space ultraviolet divergences cancel in the sum. Whether the soft and collinear contributions are individually infrared safe depends on the jet definition. We show that while this is true at one loop for JADE and Sterman-Weinberg, the k⊥ algorithm does not factorize into individually infrared safe soft and collinear pieces in dimensional regularization. We point out that this statement depends on the ultraviolet regulator, and that in a cutoff scheme the soft functions are infrared safe.
Vitamin E Lipid-Based Nanodevices as a Tool for Ovine Sperm Protection against Oxidative Stress: Impact on Sperm Motility

The advent of nanotechnology in the field of animal reproduction has led to the development of safer and more efficient therapies. The use of nanotechnology allows us to avoid the detrimental effects of certain traditional antioxidants, such as Vitamin E. Its hydrophobic nature makes mandatory the use of organic solvents, which are toxic to sperm cells. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of vitamin E nanoemulsions (NE) on ram (Ovis aries) spermatozoa. For this purpose, the effect of three NE concentrations (6, 12, and 24 mM) were assessed on sperm of 10 mature rams of the Manchega breed. Sperm samples were collected by artificial vagina, pooled, and diluted in Bovine Gamete Medium. The samples were stored at 37 °C and assessed at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h under oxidative stress conditions (100 µM Fe2+/ascorbate). Motility (CASA), viability (YO-PRO/IP), acrosomal integrity (PNA-FITC/IP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Mitotracker Deep Red 633), lipoperoxidation (C11 BODIPY 581/591), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA status (SCSA®®) were assessed. A linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of time, NE, and oxidant (fixed factors) on sperm parameters, and a random effect on the male was also included in the model with Tukey’s post hoc test. Protection of ram spermatozoa with NE resulted in a more vigorous motility under oxidative stress conditions with respect Control and Free vitamin E, while preventing the deleterious effects of oxidative stress coming from the production of free radicals and lipid peroxidation. These results ascertain the high relevance of the use of delivery systems for sperm physiology preservation in the context of assisted reproduction techniques.
Estimation of Technical, Allocative, and Economic Efficiencies for Smallholder Broiler Producers in South Africa

The prevailing economic conditions as a result of COVID-19, climate change, and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, have led to renewed global interest in the efficiency of the agricultural sector. As a result of this, we investigated the efficiencies of 64 broiler producers in three districts covering the North West and Limpopo provinces in South Africa from 2019 to 2022, using a two-stage data envelopment analysis method with input orientation. The results show that producers operate on the upper bounds toward efficiency, but room for improvement still exists at 10%, 20%, and 28% on technical, allocative, and cost efficiencies. This indicates that inputs can still be reduced without changing the level of output and that the input combination is incompatible with cost minimization. Consequently, only 13%, 8%, and 4% of the sampled broiler producers exhibited technical, allocative, and cost efficiencies, respectively; the majority were women. The Vhembe, Capricorn, and Dr. Kenneth Kaunda (DRKK) districts had vastly different scores for each efficiency type, indicating that their differences in resource endowments, technology, and climate, necessitate the formulation of district-specific policies. The mortality rate, heating costs, and investments in health emerged as significant efficiency determinants. Overall, the findings provide insights into refocusing the country’s poultry sector in light of current shocks and the notable aspirations of the poultry master plan.
What Are the Effects of Vitamin A Oral Supplementation in the Prevention and Management of Viral Infections? A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is associated with increased host susceptibility to infections, but evidence on its role in the prevention and management of viral infections is still lacking. This review aimed at summarizing the effects of VA supplementation against viral infections to support clinicians in evaluating supplemental treatments. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Randomized clinical trials comparing the direct effects of VA oral supplementation in any form vs. placebo or standard of care in the prevention and/or management of confirmed viral infections in people of any age were included. A narrative synthesis of the results was performed. The revised Cochrane Risk-Of-Bias tool was used to assess quality. Overall, 40 articles of heterogeneous quality were included. We found data on infections sustained by Retroviridae (n = 17), Caliciviradae (n = 2), Flaviviridae (n = 1), Papillomaviridae (n = 3), Pneumoviridae (n = 4), and Paramyxoviridae (n = 13). Studies were published between 1987 and 2017 and mostly conducted in Africa. The findings were heterogeneous across and within viral families regarding virological, immunological, and biological response, and no meaningful results were found in the prevention of viral infections. For a few diseases, VA-supplemented individuals had a better prognosis and improved outcomes, including clearance of HPV lesions or reduction in some measles-related complications. The effects of VA oral supplementation seem encouraging in relation to the management of a few viral infections. Difference in populations considered, variety in recruitment and treatment protocols might explain the heterogeneity of the results. Further investigations are needed to better identify the benefits of VA administration.
Associations of maternal and foetoplacental factors with prehypertension/hypertension in early childhood

Objective: To evaluate whether characterization of maternal and foetoplacental factors beyond birthweight can enable early identification of children at risk of developing prehypertension/hypertension. Methods: We recruited 693 mother–offspring dyads from the GUSTO prospective mother–offspring cohort. Prehypertension/hypertension at age 6 years was identified using the simplified paediatric threshold of 110/70 mmHg. We evaluated the associations of pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, excessive/inadequate gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy), foetal growth deceleration (decline in foetal abdominal circumference at least 0.67 standard deviations between second and third trimesters), high foetoplacental vascular resistance (third trimester umbilical artery systolic-to-diastolic ratio ≥90th centile), preterm birth, small-for-gestational age and neonatal kidney volumes with risk of prehypertension/hypertension at age 6 years, after adjusting for sex, ethnicity, maternal education and prepregnancy BMI. Results: Pregnancy complications, small-for-gestational age, preterm birth, and low neonatal kidney volume were not associated with an increased risk of prehypertension/hypertension at age 6 years. In contrast, foetal growth deceleration was associated with a 72% higher risk [risk ratio (RR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–2.52]. High foetoplacental vascular resistance was associated with a 58% higher risk (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.96–2.62). Having both these characteristics, relative to having neither, was associated with over two-fold higher risk (RR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.26–5.16). Over 85% of the foetuses with either of these characteristics were born appropriate or large for gestational age. Conclusion: Foetal growth deceleration and high foetoplacental vascular resistance may be helpful in prioritizing high-risk children for regular blood pressure monitoring and preventive interventions, across the birthweight spectrum.
Cuffless blood pressure devices: the gap between patient acceptability and need for validation

salt intake determined by 24-h urine sodiummeasurements, and the report of Tan et al. on the performance of spot urine sodium measurements, raise the question: Is sex also a statistically significant factor influencing thedownward trend in spot urine sodiumconcentrations reportedbyTan et al. for the period of 2006–2014? Specifically, first, does a trend analysis of the spot urine sodium concentrations in women, like the trend analysis of 24-h urine sodiummeasurements in women, show that therewere no significant downward stepchanges in salt intakebetween2006and2014? Second,does a trend analysis of spot urine sodium concentrations in men, like the trend analysis of 24-h urine sodium measurements in men, signal the occurrence of a statistically significant decrease in salt intake between 2006 and 2009 with no significant step-change thereafter? The answer to these questions will help determine whether spot urine sodium measurements are useful in monitoring for separate trends in salt intake in women and men.
Effect of Intrapartum Maternal Hemoglobin on Mode of Delivery and Short-Term Neonatal Outcome: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Importance Maternal anemia in pregnancy is a common condition worldwide and is considered a risk factor for adverse neonatal and maternal outcome. Also high hemoglobin (Hb) levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, studies regarding the influence of intrapartum maternal Hb on mode of delivery and short-term neonatal outcome are limited and contradicting. Objective The aim of this study was to provide an overview of current evidence regarding associations between intrapartum maternal Hb levels and mode of delivery and short-term neonatal outcome. In addition, we propose directions for future research. Evidence Acquisition We systematically searched the electronic PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies on maternal Hb levels and mode of delivery maternal and short-term neonatal outcome until January 2021. Eligible articles and their references were independently reviewed by 2 authors. Assessment was based on methodological quality and study results. Results We included 14 studies that evaluated the level of maternal pH in relation to clinical outcome, 6 studies on mode of delivery, 10 studies on Apgar score, 1 study on fetal distress, 2 studies on neonatal intensive care unit admission, 1 study on umbilical cord pH, and 5 studies on perinatal mortality. Conclusions and Relevance We found a trend toward an increased risk of cesarean delivery in anemic woman. Concerning the short-term neonatal outcomes, the evidence is conflicting, and included studies are too heterogenic to compare. Furthermore, various studies indicated a relation between high Hb levels and increased perinatal mortality. Therefore, we especially recommend attention to elevated Hb levels. Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians. Learning Objectives After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe how Hb levels affect mode of delivery and short-term neonatal outcome, and identify abnormal Hb levels and propose appropriate treatment and monitoring recommendations.