Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Parental Preferences in Mental Health Screening in Youth From a Multinational Online Survey

Importance. Screening youth for mental disorders may assist in prevention, promote early identification, and reduce related lifetime impairment and distress. Objective. The goal was to survey parents about their comfort and preferences for pediatric mental health screening, as well as factors associated with these preferences. Design. The online survey was available July 11-14, 2021 on Prolific Academic. Analyses were conducted from November 2021 to November 2022. Setting. Online survey. Participants. The survey was administered to English-speaking parents with at least one 5-21-year old child at home. The sample included 972 parents, aged 21 and older, from the United States (n=265), United Kingdom (n=282), Canada (n=171), and Other Countries (n=254). Exposure(s). None. Main Outcome(s)/Measure(s). Parental preferences regarding the screening content, implementation preferences, and screener reviewing preferences of pediatric mental health screening were assessed in a novel survey. Mixed effects logistic models were employed to evaluate factors that influence parental comfort levels. Results. Parents, aged 21 to 65 (M=39.4; 62.3% female), supported annual mental health screening for their child and preferred reviewing the screening results with professional staff (e.g., physicians). Parents preferred parent-report over child self-reports, though they were generally comfortable with both options. Despite slight variations based on country of residence, screening topic, and child's age, parents were generally comfortable discussing all 21 topics. The greatest comfort was with sleep problems; the least comfort was with firearms, gender identity, suicidality, and substance use/abuse. Conclusions/Relevance. Our data indicated that parents support annual parent- and child self-report mental health screening in primary care settings, but comfort levels differ according to various factors, such as screening topic. Parents preferred screening to occur in the healthcare office and to discuss screening results with professional staff. In addition to parental need for expert guidance, the growing awareness of child mental health needs highlights the importance of addressing mental health concerns early via regular mental health screenings.
HI{rich dwarf galaxies in the Hydra I cluster II. Spectroscopic data ?

We present spectrophotometric data for a sample of 15 H i{selected dwarf galaxies in the Hydra I cluster (see Duc et al. 1999, Paper I). Long-slit spectra were obtained along an axis including the nucleus and the brightest H ii region in each galaxy. The oxygen abundance was estimated from the emission lines using various methods. All dwarfs host one or several star{forming regions that are, for the most part, located outside the nucleus. We did not nd in this survey any extremely metal-decient objects, but we did observe some galaxies with a surprisingly high metallicity for their luminosity. In a following paper in this series, we will discuss the global properties of the H i{rich dwarfs in the Hydra I cluster and focus on their dependence on the environment.
Switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy of ferroelectric materials

The application of ferroelectric materials for electronic devices necessitates the quantitative study of local switching behavior, including imprint, coercive bias, remanent and saturation responses, and work of switching. Here we introduce switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy as a tool for real-space imaging of switching properties on the nanoscale. The hysteresis curves, acquired at each point in the image, are analyzed in the thermodynamic and kinetic limits. We expect that this approach will further understanding of the relationships between material microstructure and polarization switching phenomena on the nanoscale, and provide a quantitative tool for ferroelectric-based device characterization.
Proportional Reasoning in Young Children: Part-Part Comparisons about Continuous and Discontinuous Quantity

Previous studies showed that 6-year-old children can make proportional judgements when the first-order relations are accessible to them and that children use the half boundary in order to make such judgements. In these studies “half” proved to be an important boundary in children's initial understanding of proportion. These studies involved non-numerical tasks (continuous quantities) in which proportional judgements were established on the basis of part-part relations (ratio). This raises a question about ratio comparisons that are numerically represented (discontinuous quantities). Would children again use the half boundary in ratio comparisons between continuous and discontinuous quantities? In this experiment 6- to 8-year olds were given two tasks: In the sliced task, the standard and the choices were discontinuous quantities; in the non-sliced task, the standard was a continuous quantity and the choices were discontinuous quantities. Children's justifications reflected different levels of understandin.
Forward-in-Time-/Backward-in-Time-Trajectory (FITT/BITT) Modeling of Particles and Organisms in the Coastal Ocean

Abstract Lagrangian particle-tracking models (LPTMs) were used to identify sources, destinations, and transport pathways of particles (plankton). The LPTM simulations were forced using stored fields from the Spectral Element Ocean Model simulation for a coastal upwelling system having idealized geometry, bathymetry, and simple wind forcing. Forward-in-time-trajectory (FITT) simulations are common in ocean science, although they often do not include diffusion. Results from LPTM comparisons with and without diffusion suggest that ignoring diffusion can lead to incorrect identification of source or destination regions. FITT is efficient for identifying destinations from known sources, but inefficient for identifying sources from known destinations (or receptors). Backward-in-time-trajectory (BITT) modeling from known destinations efficiently identifies sources, or particle positions, at earlier times. Although advection and some biological processes (e.g., growth) are reversible and amenable to BITT simulati.
Effect of superthermal electrons on dust-acoustic shock waves in coupled dusty plasmas

Abstract Nonlinear dust-acoustic (DA) shock waves in coupled dusty plasmas with negative dust grains and kappa-distributed electrons are discussed. Using a generalized hydrodynamic model, the dispersion relation and the Korteweg–de Vries-Burger (KdVB) equation for low-frequency DA modes in a strongly coupled dusty plasma are derived. The dependence of shock waves on various plasma parameters is then explored. A solitonic profile may be converted into a shock structure when correlation among dust particles becomes stronger. The amplitude as well as the steepness of shock waves increases with increasing the value of the spectral index k.
Analysis and simulation of gain-coupled distributed feedback semiconductor lasers

In this paper, a general computer code is presented for the analysis of gain coupled (GC)-DFB structures. The code allows to consider and to compare different GC-DFB structures realized with a gain grating (GG) or an absorption grating (AG) or a second order index grating (SOG). The formulation for index grating laser has been extended considering two rate equations for AG lasers. Linewidth, side-mode suppression ratio, FM and AM response and other laser characteristics are evaluated and discussed for different structures. >
Wavelet Analysis of Seasonal Rainfall Variability of the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Its Teleconnection to Global Sea Surface Temperature, and Its Forecasting by an Artificial Neural Network

AbstractRainfall is the primary driver of basin hydrologic processes. This article examines a recently developed rainfall predictive tool that combines wavelet principal component analysis (WPCA), an artificial neural networks-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA), and statistical disaggregation into an integrated framework useful for the management of water resources around the upper Blue Nile River basin (UBNB) in Ethiopia. From the correlation field between scale-average wavelet powers (SAWPs) of the February–May (FMAM) global sea surface temperature (SST) and the first wavelet principal component (WPC1) of June–September (JJAS) seasonal rainfall over the UBNB, sectors of the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans where SSTs show a strong teleconnection with JJAS rainfall in the UBNB (r ≥ 0.4) were identified. An ANN-GA model was developed to forecast the UBNB seasonal rainfall using the selected SST sectors. Results show that ANN-GA forecasted seasonal rainfall amounts that agree well with the observed data for th.
Domain structure and polarization properties of lanthanum-substituted bismuth titanate single crystals

Single crystals of bismuth titanate (BiT) and lanthanum-substituted BiT [Bi4−xLaxTi3O12 (BLT)] were grown by a self-flux method. BLT (x=0.85) showed a smaller remanent polarization (2Pr) along the a(b) axis of 41 μC/cm2 than 98 μC/cm2 for BiT, which mainly originates in its smaller ionic displacements along the a axis. Striped 90° domain walls as well as head-to-head and tail-to-tail 180° domain walls were observed for both crystals, and La substitution led to a marked decrease in the 90° domain width from 8.5 μm (BiT) to 2.5 μm for BLT (x=1.20). Piezoelectric-force microscope observations suggested that antiphase domain boundary (ADB) is present only for BLT and the ADB plays an important role in the formation of the 90° domain.
Modeling the presence of wave groups in a random wave field

Field and laboratory observations of surface wave fields show that the propagation speed of harmonic wave components differs from the predictions of linear theory. Angular spread fails to account for the observed discrepancy. An explanation is that the wave field does not consist of independently propagating Fourier components only but also contains groups of Stokes waves, forming envelope solitons. A model field is proposed, and the power spectral density and wave number spectra, as well as cross spectra, are calculated and compared to observations. A method is also suggested for identifying the properties of solitons contained in an observed wave field from spectra and cross spectra.
Generalized linear elasticity in exterior domains-I: Radiation problems

We use Hodge-Helmholtz decompositions of weighted Sobolev spaces to solve time-harmonic exterior-boundary value problems for perturbations of the (aδd + bdδ)-system (δ: the co-differential, a, b > 0). We prove, that a Fredholm alternative holds true, the eigensolutions decay polynomially at infinity, and that the positive eigenvalues do not accumulate.
Effect of confinement on the steady-state behavior of single droplets during shear flow

The effect of geometrical confinement on the deformation and orientation of single droplets during steady-state shear flow is investigated microscopically in a counterrotating device. The model system consists of poly(dimethyl siloxane) droplets of varying sizes and viscosities in a poly(isobutylene) matrix. The experimental results are first compared with the predictions of the model by Maffettone and Minale [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 78, 227–241 (1998)] for bulk flow. For all viscosity ratios, deviations from the Maffettone and Minale model start to occur at a droplet diameter to gap spacing ratio of the order of 0.4. The droplet deformation increases and the droplets orient more towards the flow direction as a consequence of confinement. At low viscosity ratios, the deviations remain small, whereas at high viscosity ratios, larger deviations from bulk behavior are observed. The observations are also compared with the theory of Shapira and Haber [Int. J. Multiphase Flow 16, 305–321 (1990)] which incl.
The length distribution of streamline segments in homogeneous isotropic decaying turbulence

Based on the profile of the absolute value u of the velocity field ui along streamlines, the latter are partitioned into segments at their extreme points as proposed by Wang [J. Fluid Mech. 648, 183–203 (2010)]10.1017/S0022112009993041. It is found that the boundaries of all streamline segments, i.e., points where the gradient projected in streamline direction ∂u/∂s vanishes, define a surface in space. This surface also contains all local extreme points of the scalar u-field, i.e., points where the gradient in all directions of the field of the absolute value of the velocity and thereby those of the turbulent kinetic energy (k = u2/2, where k is the instantaneous turbulent kinetic energy) vanishes. Such points also include stagnation points of the flow field, which are absolute minimum points of the turbulent kinetic energy. As local extreme points are the ending points of dissipation elements, an approach for space-filling geometries in turbulent scalar fields, such elements in the turbulent kinetic ener.
The existence of cosmic time functions

It is shown that stable causality is the necessary and sufficient condition that there should exist a cosmic time function which increases along every future directed timelike or null curve. Stable causality means that there are no closed timelike or null curves in any Lorentz metric that is sufficiently close to the space-time metric.
Nonlinear electron heating by resonant shear Alfvén waves in the ionosphere

Ionospheric electron heating by resonant standing shear Alfvén waves in Earth's magnetosphere is investigated. It is demonstrated that in field line resonances (FLRs), electron heating by Alfvén waves produces ionization and large changes in the ionospheric Pedersen conductivity. This leads to a strong feedback effect on the FLR amplitude, along with narrow localization in latitude. Analysis and computer simulations performed with a 2D finite element MHD code, indicate that the primary mechanisms responsible for variations in the electron temperature are ohmic heating by the electron component of the Pedersen current, and electron cooling due to ionization losses and collisions with neutrals. It is shown that electron heating can be quantitatively more important than direct collisional ionization by precipitating electrons. The latter can reduce dissipation losses by at most a factor of two.
Warming of Western North Pacific Ocean and Energetics of Transient Eddy Activity

AbstractThis study examines the increase in the sea surface temperature (SST) in the western North Pacific Ocean (WNPO) during December–February for the period 1959–2008. The relationship of this SST increase with significant interdecadal changes in the baroclinicity and the energetics of transient eddy activity is also examined. These results show that the interannual variations of the WNPO SST and atmospheric conditions including baroclinicity and turbulent heat flux are responses to the upstream atmospheric forcings associated with the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). For the interdecadal variations, the intensified baroclinicity downstream of the Pacific storm-track activity is responsible for an increase in the baroclinic energy conversion (BCEC) from the mean available potential energy (MAPE) to the eddy available potential energy (EAPE) to the east of 180°. This in turn increases the BCEC from the EAPE to the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) over this region. The BCEC and generation of EAPE by diabatic h.
Evolution of the 3.3‐μm emission feature in the Red Rectangle

Medium-resolution infrared spectroscopic observations of the biconical Red Rectangle nebula in the region of the 3.3-μm unidentified infrared (UIR) emission band are reported. The data were recorded at UKIRT using CGS4 and have allowed the peak wavelength, width, profile and intensity of the 3.3-μm feature to be investigated as a function of offset from the central star HD 44179. Analysis of the profile of the feature along the north-western bicone interface shows an evolution from Type 2 to Type 1 in the classification of Tokunaga et al. The 3.3-μm band recorded on-star shows a close fit to a Lorentzian profile, possibly suggesting a single class of carriers. Subtraction of the Lorentzian fit to the on-star spectrum from the spectrum at each offset reveals a new ‘3.28’-μm emission feature that grows in intensity relative to the main 3.3-μm band as a function of distance from the central star. The 3.28-μm emission band at large offset appears to correspond well in wavelength and FWHM with an absorption feature seen towards the Galactic Centre.
Bayesian regression with multivariate linear splines

We present a Bayesian analysis of a piecewise linear model constructed by using basis functions which generalizes the univariate linear spline to higher dimensions. Prior distributions are adopted on both the number and the locations of the splines, which leads to a model averaging approach to prediction with predictive distributions that take into account model uncertainty. Conditioning on the data produces a Bayes local linear model with distributions on both predictions and local linear parameters. The method is spatially adaptive and covariate selection is achieved by using splines of lower dimension than the data.
Molecular Gas in Elliptical Galaxies: CO Observations of an IRAS Flux-limited Sample

A search for CO(2{1) emission from 42 early type galaxies with 100m ux densities greater than 1 Jy detected (tentatively in some cases) eleven galaxies and tentatively found absorption against the active nucleus in two. Data from this survey and from the literature show that the overall detection rate of CO emission or absorption in elliptical galaxies is 45% and that the detection rate increases with increasing 100m ux density. The data suggest that all elliptical galaxies contain a small amount of cold interstellar matter. The CO and far infrared uxes are well correlated, though the relationship shows a lot of scatter, which does not appear to be caused by variations in the temperature of the interstellar dust and probably indicates diierences in the physical 2 state of the interstellar medium from galaxy to galaxy. The CO ux densities are completely uncorrelated with the galactic starlight. The detection of CO emission shows that many elliptical galaxies have dense cold gas in their inner regions. The four galaxies which are known to have CO absorption, including the two from the present paper, have relatively narrow absorption components which are at the galaxy's systemic velocity and/or redshifted with respect to this velocity, consistent with infall to the center of the galaxy.
INEXACT NEWTON METHODS

A classical algorithm for solving the system of nonlinear equations $F(x) = 0$ is Newton’s method \[ x_{k + 1} = x_k + s_k ,\quad {\text{where }}F'(x_k )s_k = - F(x_k ),\quad x_0 {\text{ given}}. \].
Do total cross sections for scattering of off-shell particles grow like a power of the energy

Let sigma/sub P/(Q/sup 2/,s) be the total cross section for scattering of meson P on some target, with -Q/sup 2/ the off-shell mass of P. It is shown that, when -Q/sup 2/ not = m/sub P/ /sup 2/ (the physical P mass), quantum chromodynamics suggests that, as the c.m. energy squared s approaches infinity, sigma/sub P/(Q/sup 2/,s) approx. C/sub 1/f(Q/sup 2/)s/sup lambda/+. , lambda>0, where f(Q/sup 2/) is calculable for large Q/sup 2/. This is compatible with the Froissart bound, but only for on-shell particles, provided f(-m/sub P/ /sup 2/)=0. We show that there is experimental evidence supporting such behavior.
Doubly excited states of helium atoms between the N=2 and N=3 He+ thresholds

Some doubly excited autoionising states of helium atoms converging on the N=3 He+ threshold are calculated by use of a method of complex coordinates. Hylleraas-type wavefunctions are used for L=0 and L=1 resonances with products of Slater-orbital type wavefunctions with expansion lengths up to 319 terms for L>or=2 resonances. States of parities (-1)L and (-1)L+1 and with angular momenta of L<or=4 are calculated. Resonance energies and autoionisation widths are reported.
Sub-Poissonian electronic and photonic noise generation in semiconductor junctions

This paper addresses sub-Poissonian electronic and photonic noise generation in semiconductor junctions. Recent theoretical and technical advances in the understanding and generation of quantum noise-suppressed (‘quiet’) light have emphasised the links between photonic and electronic shot noise. Shot-noise suppression and single electron{photon control through the operation of the collective and single-electron Coulomb blockade mechanisms are described.
Superposition of the diffraction fields of apertures: an experimental test

In Kirchhoff diffraction theory it is assumed that the effects of separate apertures in a screen are superposable. Thus, for example, a two-slit pattern is the (complex) superposition of the two individual single-slit patterns. The validity of the assumption has been tested with 10 GHz microwaves (λ = 30 mm) incident at 45° on two parallel slits, of width ½λ, in a conducting screen, their spacing being λ. The diffraction pattern immediately behind the screen was measured by using the optically modulated scatterer technique. With the electric field in the incident wave parallel to the slits there was, on average, a 7 per cent discrepancy in amplitude from what would be predicted by superposition of the effects of the two separate apertures. With the electric field perpendicular to the slits the discrepancy increased to 25 per cent in amplitude. The results may be interpreted by saying that the two–slit pattern is indeed the result of interference between two separate single–slit patterns, but their phases and amplitudes are different from what would be expected from simple theory. It is as if the wave emitted from each slit is affected (by 10 or 30 per cent) by whether the other slit is open or closed. The difference between the results for the two polarizations is explained by the boundary condition on the surface of the screen, which tends to suppress communication between the slits when the polarization of the incident wave is parallel to the slits.
Quenching dynamics in CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots-gold nanoparticle conjugates in aqueous solution

We investigated carrier dynamics of luminescence quenching in CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) in the absence and presence of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in aqueous solution. We emphasized that the observed quenching phenomenon in the QDs-Au NP composites can be a result of the interplay of the Forster resonance energy transfer and surface plasmon enhancement process of Au NPs on QDs. Different QDs with emission wavelengths varying from 545 to 619 nm were used to investigate the quenching dynamics. The recovery dynamics of the quenching was also confirmed by the addition of sodium chloride in the QDs-Au NP composites.
On the asymptotic distribution of the size of a stochastic epidemic

For a stochastic epidemic of the type considered by Bailey [1] and Kendall [3], Daniels [2] showed that ‘when the threshold is large but the population size is much larger, the distribution of the number remaining uninfected in a large epidemic has approximately the Poisson form. ' A simple, intuitive proof is given for this result without use of Daniels's assumption that the original number of infectives is ‘small'. The proof is based on a construction of the epidemic process which is more explicit than the usual description.
The high surface density of bright ultraviolet-excess quasars.

The surface density of bright (B ≤ 16.5) UVX quasars have been measured in the recently completed Edinburgh quasar survey, and a higher density, by a factor of 3.4, than has previously been measured have been found. The surface density of quasars brighter than B = 16.50 is 0.024 deg -2 in this survey, and the gradient of the differential log(number)-magnitude relation for quasars brighter than B = 17.7 has decreased from 0.98 to 0.78. Future work is expected to show that new models of the optical luminosity function for luminous quasars will need a smaller amount of cosmological evolution, more comparable to that seen at radio wavelengths