Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF NEW PIGMENTS FROM EMILIANIA HUXLEYI (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) BY HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY, VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY, AND FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT MASS SPECTROMETRY

Pigment extracts from Emiliania huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay et Mohler (strains CCMP 370, CCMP 373, and NIOZ CH 24) were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on highly efficient monomeric and polymeric octadecylsilica columns using either ammonium acetate or pyridine containing mobile phases. Both systems showed chromatographic profiles with peaks corresponding to pigments of uncertain structure: those of the polar and nonpolar chlorophyll c forms and one peak whose on‐line diode array spectrum resembled that of the fucoxanthin acyloxy derivatives. Liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry gave a molecular mass of 786 units for the unknown carotenoid. The pigments corresponding to each of these fractions were isolated and their visible spectra recorded in various solvents. Samples of the isolated pigments were subjected to analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry that confirmed a molecular mass of 786 for the unknown carotenoid and gave a mass of 654 units for the polar chlorophyll c3, compatible with the monovinylic structure previously suggested. The detection of these new pigments calls for attention on the use of correct methodologies when HPLC pigment signatures are used to study the taxonomic composition of natural phytoplankton populations.
Distribution and Cycling of Elements in a Pinus resinosa Plantation-Ecosystem, Wisconsin

Biomass in 34-year-old planted red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) on a Typic Udipsamment soil was 127 t ha−1. Aboveground net primary production was 10.2 t ha−1 year−1. Nutrient concentrations in the trees varied by (i) tissue, (ii) position in tree, and (iii) age of foliage. In the aboveground tree concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, and S were greatest in foliage followed by bolebark, live branches, and bolewood. Concentrations of N and S in foliage, bolebark, and live branches and concentrations of K, Mg, and P in the bolebark and live branches increased toward the apex of the tree. Whereas concentrations of Ca, Mg, and S increased with foliar age, concentrations of K and P decreased with foliar age. Total elements in the aboveground and belowground biomass were ranked: N > Ca > K > Mg > S > P. The forest floor contained greater quantities of N (254 kg ha−1) than the vegetation (222 kg ha−1). The upper 100 cm of mineral soil contained from 8.2% (N) to 89% (Mg) of the readily available nutrients in the ecosystem:.
Observations on reproduction of the Lake Tana barbs

During the rainy season (September–November 1994), in tributaries of Lake Tana (Ethiopia), the Gumara, Gelda and Negashu, barbs of diVerent morphotypes were ready to spawn, running and spent. The most numerous were barbs similar to Barbus intermedius common in many rivers of the Ethiopian Highlands. They were also found spawning in the Gumara and Gelda Rivers in the dry season (February 1996, 1997). There were no evident diVerences in time and place of spawning of barbs representing diVerent morphotypes. Only zurki, bigmouth mini-eye and bighead were not found in the rivers. Spatial and temporal segregation may contribute to reproductive isolation of morphotypes spawning in rivers, but if reproductive isolation exists the main role must be played by diVerences in mating behaviour. Morphotypes of the Lake Tana barbs have diVerent migration patterns. Barbs similar to the riverine B. intermedius may spend their lives in rivers or in the lake, moving to and fro. Barbs of acute, bigmouth big-eye and, perhaps, other morphotypes migrate downstream as alevins or fry, stay in the lake for several years and migrate back into rivers for spawning after reaching maturity.
Gut morphology of diploid and triploid Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Summary Little is known about the functional consequences of triploidy in Atlantic cod. This study compared the gut morphology of diploid and triploid offspring of wild and selected broodstock. Three-year-old triploid offspring of wild cod (mean weight 1695 ± 346 g) had approximately 18% fewer pyloric caeca (125 ± 9 vs 172 ± 14, P < 0.001) and a 23% shorter intestine [Relative Gut Length, (RGL); 1.40 ± 0.17 vs 1.81 ± 0.17, P < 0.05] than their diploid siblings (mean weight: 1820 ± 262 g). Two-year-old triploid offspring of selected broodstock (mean weight: 640 ± 64 g) had 20% fewer pyloric caeca (309 ± 17 vs 387 ± 27, P < 0.001) but similar RGL to their diploid siblings (mean weight: 820 ± 69 g). The average number of mucus cells in the columnar epithelium of pyloric caeca was significantly higher in triploid than in diploid cod (54 ± 9 vs 25 ± 5, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between pyloric caeca number and RGL, or between mucus cells and pyloric caeca number, and no significant differences between sexes for any of the measured variables. Overall, the observations highlight some differences in the digestive system of these two ploidy groups that could have an influence on nutrient utilization and performance capacity in triploids compared to diploids.
Development of a new acaricide, cyflumetofen

Cy umetofen is a novel benzoylacetonitile acaricide developed by Otsuka AgriTechno Co., Ltd. It has excellent e cacy against a variety of mites that attack fruits, nuts, vegetables, tea, and ornamentals. In addition, cy umetofen exhibited long persistence e cacy against mites. e new and unique chemistry of cy umetofen provides e ectiveness against mites that have developed resistance to existing acaricides. Extensive studies have shown that cy umetofen inhibits the mitochondrial electron-transport function of complex II, which is a novel target for the mode of action among pesticides. ese ndings suggest that cy umetofen could be an ideal component for integrated pest management (IPM) programs and resistant management programs because it is signi cantly safe for non-target organisms such as natural enemies and bene cial arthropods, and for the environment. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
Temperature variation within and between nests of the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas (Chelonia: Cheloniidae) on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef

Four temperature data-loggers were placed in each of five green sea turtle nests on Heron Island in the 1998–99 nesting season. Temperatures in all nests increased as incubation progressed due to general sand heating and increased metabolic heat production of the developing embryos. Even at the top of nests no daily diurnal fluctuation in temperature was evident. The temperature of eggs in the middle of the nest increased above those in the nest periphery during the last third of incubation. However, this metabolic nest heating would have little effect on hatchling sex ratio because it occurred after the sex-determining period. Small differences in temperature between regions of a nest persisted throughout incubation and may be important in ensuring the production of at least some individuals of the opposite sex in nests that have temperatures close to either the all-male or all-female determining temperatures. Location and degree of shading of nests had little effect on mean nest temperature, but deeper nests were generally cooler and therefore were predicted to produce a higher proportion of males than were shallower nests. Nest temperature profile data indicated that the 1998–99 nesting season on Heron Island would have produced a strongly female-biased sex ratio amongst hatchlings.
Effect of different concentrations of metal ions on alpha amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is obtained from soil which produces extracellular alpha amylase enzyme. The present study is concerned with effect of metal ions on alpha amylase production. Metal ions are Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Mn2+ at different concentrations 2g/l, 5g/l and 7g/l. Supplementations of salts of certain ions provide good growth of microorganism and production of alpha amylase. Ca2+and Mg2+exhibit positive influence on alpha-amylase production. Our results show that the amylase production is higher in the presence of Ca2+ (0.439) IU/ml/min at 7g/l concentration in comparison of other metal ions. The enzyme activity of Mg2+(0.321) IU/ml/min at 2g/l concentration. The study focuses on supplementation of metal ions increase the production of amylase.
Étude de la germination des graines d'Acacia tortilis sous différentes contraintes abiotiques

Etant donne la menace de regression des peuplements d'acacia en Tunisie, nous avons analyse, en guise d'etude preliminaire, le comportement germinatif de l'espece dans le but d'envisager ulterieurement un programme de conservation et de rehabilitation. Dans ce cadre et afin d'optimiser la germination des graines d'acacia et d'eliminer l'obstacle de l'inhibition tegumentaire, nous avons dans un premier temps teste differents pretraitements physiques (scarification, eau bouillante) et chimique (acide sulfurique) et sous differentes temperatures. De ce fait, nous avons pu determiner les conditions optimales de germination, puis nous avons exploite ces resultats dans le but d'evaluer l'aptitude a la germination de l'espece sous differentes contraintes osmotiques. A cet effet, nous avons soumis les graines a differentes concentrations de NaCl (0 a 22 g.l-1) et de PEG (0 a -8 bars). Les parametres relatifs a la capacite et la cinetique de germination ont ete determines et analyses. Ainsi, l'immersion des graines dans l'acide sulfurique concentre pendant une heure a permis d'ameliorer le taux et la vitesse de germination. L'etude de l'effet de la temperature sur la germination a montre qu'une temperature de 25 °C permet d'ameliorer le taux et le temps moyen de germination. Le comportement germinatif de l'espece en conditions de stress osmotique a mis en evidence un effet traitement (concentration en PEG6000) hautement significatif sur le taux et le temps moyen de germination et a revele que cette espece ne supporte pas beaucoup la secheresse (inhibition totale de la germination a -8 bars). L'etude de l'effet de la salinite sur la germination a montre un effet concentration en sel hautement significatif sur le taux et le temps moyen de germination et revele une bonne tolerance de l'espece a la salinite puisqu'elle reussit a germer dans des concentrations elevees de sel (a 22 g.l-1, le taux de germination est egal a 21 %). La presente etude montre ainsi que la capacite germinative de l'Acacia tortilis vis-a-vis des contraintes environnementales est assurement suffisante pour envisager l'utilisation de cette espece en reboisement et d'elargir par consequent son aire de repartition.
Genus Monilinia on Pome and Stone Fruit Species

Different species of the genus Monilinia are common plant pathogens that endanger pome and stone fruit production worldwide. In Serbia, two species of this genus are widely distributed - M. laxa and M. fructigena, while M. fructicola, which is officially on the A2 EPPO List of quarantine pest organisms in Europe and on the 1A part I List of quarantine pest organisms in Serbia, has so far been detected only on stored apple and nectarine fruits. The most important control measures against these pathogens include chemical control in combination with adequate cultural practices, particularly under favourable conditions for disease development. Concerning that species of this genus can cause significant economic losses, knowledge of the pathogen biology, disease epidemiology and pathogen-host interactions is a necessary prerequisite for stable and profitable production of pome and stone fruits. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III46008 and br. III43001]
Assessment of the protein quality of selected meat products based on their amino acid profiles and their myofibrillar and connective tissue protein contents

The amino acid profiles and levels of myosin, actin, collagen, and collagen-like proteins in extended composite meats were examined as potential indices to assess protein quality of such products. The myofibrillar and connective tissue protein levels of typical composite meat products were determined from the amounts of N(T)-methylhistidine and 5-hydroxylysine, respectively, found in their acid hydrolysates. When the sum of the myofibrillar and connective tissue proteins was subtracted from the total protein of these products, the difference was an accurate determination of the nonmeat proteins present. Composite meats varied in their amino acid composition and content of myofibrillar (17.4-52.3%), connective tissue (4.1-19.0%), and nonmuscle protein (2.4-67.2%), depending upon the meat cuts and nonmeat protein ingredients used to formulate them. As the content of collagen increased, three of the nonessential amino acids, glycine, proline, and 4-hydroxyproline, increased while the levels of lysine and other essential amino acids decreased. Calculated protein efficiency ratios ranged from 2.7 to 2.9 depending upon amounts of nonmuscle protein additives present.
Comparative anatomy of male genital organs in the genus Apis

Comparative morphological studies of male genitalia from 6 honey bee species revealed distinct qualitative differences in each species in both everted endophalli and endophalli in situ. The endophalli in situ can be studied in drones preserved in ethanol. The following characters are most suitable for classification in situ: 1) pattern of the ventral hairy field of the vestibulum; 2) number of folds and hairy patches of the ventral cervix; 3) form of the dorsal hairy field of the cervix; and 4) the form of its appendage (lobe). Three types of endophalli can be classified. One type is present in the cavity-nesting honeybees A mellifera, A cerana and A koschevnikovi, the second in the free-nesting dwarf honeybees A andreniformis and A florea and the third in the A dorsata complex.
The Tadpole of Physalaemus moreirae (Anura: Leiuperidae)

Abstract We describe the external morphology of the tadpole of the frog Physalaemus moreirae. We also provide a review of internal oral features, chondrocrania, and a characterization of the genus based on larval traits. The internal oral features and the external morphology of P. moreirae are most similar to P. jordanensis, a species allocated to the P. gracilis group. None of the larval traits supports the current intrageneric arrangement of species, because several features are shared by species belonging to different species groups. We argue for the inclusion of larval traits in future phylogenetic studies in order to understand the evolution of larval characters.
Blocking the heat shock response and depleting HSF-1 levels through heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) inhibition: a significant advance on current hsp90 chemotherapies

Clinical inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) modulate the N-terminus of the protein, which elicits a cell rescue cascade known as the heat shock response. This cytoprotective mechanism counteracts the impact of hsp90 chemotherapeutic agents. Inhibiting hsp90's activity via the C-terminus does not produce a heat shock response. Herein we report an extensive structure–activity relationship on 41 molecules that are based on the SM class of cyclic pentapeptides. This class of compounds control hsp90's C-terminus function, which induces rapid cell death without activating the heat shock response. We show that modifying single and dual side-chains was one route for producing active molecules. Moving the N-methyl residue around the ring also impact the biological activity of the molecule. Two of the most potent analogues were evaluated for hsp90 inhibitory activity and for their ability to reduce the heat shock response while simultaneously killing cancer cells. In addition, analysis of the most effective molecules in pharmacokinetic studies are described highlighting the compound's potential as a therapeutic drug.
Ectoparasite Diversity in the Eastern Rock Sengis (Elephantulus myurus): The Effect of Seasonality and Host Sex

Globally small mammals are important hosts of ectoparasite vectors of pathogens of medical, veterinary and economic importance. Insectivores are currently understudied as hosts of pathogen vectors. However, data are needed on the diversity of such vectors before we can investigate the underlying factors affecting ectoparasite distribution. Abiotic (e.g. temperature and rainfall) and biotic (e.g. host sex) factors have been identified as the main determinants of host—parasite interactions. The present study describes the ectoparasite community of insectivorous eastern rock sengis (Elephantulus myurus) in a nature reserve in the Gauteng province, South Africa, and how it varies with season and host sex. A total of 81 sengis were examined for the presence of ticks, mites, fleas and lice between April 2010 and April 2011. The ectoparasite assemblage comprised 11 groups of tick species, a single mite family, one louse and two flea species, with ticks and mites being the most numerous ectoparasites recovered. The prevalence and/or abundance of two commonly collected ticks (Ixodes spp. and Rhipicephalus warburtoni/arnoldi) and chigger varied with season. In addition, female-biased tick burdens were apparent for one ectoparasite species possibly due to reproductive investment. The mechanisms causing the observed patterns should be addressed in future studies.
Occurrence of Listeria spp. in farmed salmon and during subsequent slaughter: comparison of Listertest lift and the USDA method

Salmon and environmental samples from a fish farm and a salmon slaughterhouse were analysed forListeriaspp. using the USDA method and the rapid quantitative ListertestTM.Listeriaspp. were not detected in any of 119 samples analysed. However,Corynebacteriumspp. gave disturbing false-positive results with the USDA method.
Possible MIS Production by Follicle Cells in Spontaneous Oocyte Maturation of the Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi

Outer and inner follicle cell‐enclosed oocytes (oocyte complexes) of Halocynthia roretzi underwent germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) within 2 hr when transferred from ovaries to normal seawater of pH 8 (NSW). Extrusion of test cells (TC) into the perivitelline space and elevation of the chorion also occurred. This phenomenon was designated as spontaneous oocyte maturation.
Effect of sulphur fertilization on grain yield and yield components of winter wheat

Abstract The effect of sulphur application on winter wheat yield and yield components on two different soils in northern Estonia and southern Estonia during 2004–2009 was investigated. Sulphur was applied with NS-fertilizer Axan or Axan Super at the rate of S 10 or 13.6 kg ha−1 accompanied with nitrogen background of N 100 kg ha−1, which effect was compared to effect of ammonium nitrate at the same rate of N. The rates of fertilizers were divided into two portions and applied at the growth stages 21–22 and 25–30. The effect of sulphur fertilization on the formation of wheat yield varied on a quite large scale depending on soil and weather conditions of trial locations. The yield components were closely related: when one component was changed, the other components sometimes compensated for grain yield. Sulphur deficiency symptoms appeared on the break-stony soil at Saku in a somewhat stronger form than on the pseudopodzolic soil at Auksi. The results of field trials conducted at Saku during the four years can be summarized as follows: the application of sulphur increased the number of ears per unit area by an average of 14.0% and the number of grains per ear by an average of 18.6%. At the same time, sulphur decreased the 1000-grain weight. As a final result, sulphur application on break-stony soil increased the wheat yield by 1.16 t ha−1 on average, i.e. by 23.0%. Sulphur application in trials conducted on pseudopodzolic soil at Auksi during years with different weather conditions in growing season proved highly effective in three of five trials. As an average of all trials in Auksi, the sulphur application increased the number of ears per unit area and the number of grains per ear by 23.9% and 7.7%, respectively. The grain yield increased under the influence of sulphur on the average of all trials conducted on pseudopodzolic soil by 1.25 t ha−1, i.e. by 22.4%.
Arginine catabolism in wine lactic acid bacteria: is it via the arginine deiminase pathway or the arginase‐urease pathway?

The wine lactic acid bacteria Leuconostoc oenos OENO and Lactobacillus buchneri CUC-3 catabolize L-arginine to ornithine and ammonia as major end-products, with 1 mole of arginine converted into 2 moles of ammonia and 1 mole of ornithine. Some citrulline was also excreted into the medium. The excreted citrulline was reassimilated and catabolized by the lactobacillus strain, though not by the leuconostoc. Urea was not detected during arginine degradation. The activities of all three enzymes of the arginine deiminase pathway (arginine deiminase, ornithine transcarbamylase and carbamate kinase) increased significantly over time in the presence of arginine. On the other hand, arginase and urease activities were undetectable in cell extracts of cultures grown in the presence of arginine. The results show that the arginine deiminase pathway, and not the arginase-urease pathway, is the route for arginine degradation in wine lactic acid bacteria.
PPAR-γ signaling pathway in placental development and function: A potential therapeutic target in the treatment of gestational diseases

Background: PPAR-γ is a target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, as Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone are already used against type 2 diabetes. Pleiotropic functions, such as antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects against several pathological states, including cardiovascular disease and cancer, are currently being explored in clinical studies. Objective: Evidence indicates that PPAR-γ is expressed in the placenta, playing a crucial role in placental development and function, while PPAR-γ ligands appear to modulate fetal membrane signals. Thus, in the last few years, the pivotal role of PPAR-γ in placental biology has been the focus of extensive research, as diabetes appears to be the most common metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy. Methods: We aim to present data concerning the expression of PPAR-γ in animal and human placenta, underlining its significance in normal placental development and several gestational diseases. The effects of PPAR-γ ligands as modulators of placental biology in normal and certain pathological conditions are also discussed. Results/conclusion: Current research provides substantial evidence that PPAR-γ plays a pivotal role in placental biology and may reveal new perspectives in the treatment of gestational diseases.