Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Additive mixing modulation for public key encryption based on distributed dynamics

We introduce a public key encryption scheme that is based on additive mixing of a message with chaotic nonlinear dynamics. A high-dimensional dissipative nonlinear dynamical system is distributed between transmitter and receiver. The transmitter dynamics is public (known to all) and the receiver dynamics is private (known only to the authorized receiver). Bidirectional signals that couple transmitter and receiver are transmitted over a public channel. Once the chaotic dynamics which is initialized with a random state converges to the attractor, a message is mixed with the chaotic dynamics at the transmitter. The authorized receiver who knows the entire dynamics can use a simple algorithm to decode the message. An unauthorized receiver does not know the receiver dynamics and needs to use computationally unfeasible algorithms in order to decode the message. Security is maintained by altering the private receiver dynamics during transmission. We show that using additive mixing modulation is more efficient than the attractor position modulation distributed dynamics encryption scheme. We demonstrate the concept of this new scheme by simulating a simple coupled map lattice.
Document Summarization and Evaluation using Knowledge based Super Set Features

Document summarization is an important step while clustering the large no. of digital documents data base. Documents are clustered in accordance with their contents using the document text summary. The document summarization involves the knowledge corpus scheme comprising of corpus coverage, sentence coverage and term coverage weight. Further, three new weights are introduced as super sentence coverage weight, super corpus coverage weight and super term coverage weight. Super coverage weight is based on synonyms of the key words. The quality of document summary improves and diversified when synonyms of key words are also given due weightage in the process of text processing. The evaluation for the document summary quality is based on inner content metrics precision, recall, F-measure method.
Recombining Trinomial Tree for Real Option Valuation with Changing Volatility

This paper presents a recombining trinomial tree for valuing real options with changing volatility. The trinomial tree presented in this paper is constructed by simultaneously choosing such a parameterization that sets a judicious state space while having sensible transition probabilities between the nodes. The volatility changes are modeled with the changing transition probabilities while the state space of the trinomial tree is regular and has a fixed number of time and underlying asset price levels. The presented trinomial lattice can be extended to follow a displaced diffusion process with changing volatility, allowing also taking into account the level of the underlying asset price. The lattice can also be easily parameterized based on a cash flow simulation, using ordinary least squares regression method for volatility estimation. Therefore, the presented recombining trinomial tree with changing volatility is more flexible and robust for practice use than common lattice models while maintaining their intuitive appeal.
Peptide immunotherapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

We now have potent drugs available to treat the inflammatory component of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, not all patients respond, the drugs are not curative, and the associated risks to beneficial immune surveillance are considerable. A more desirable approach is to specifically target those comparatively rare T lymphocytes that are orchestrating the autoimmune attack. Using the autoantigen itself to instill immune tolerance in those cells remains a holy grail of immunotherapy. Peptide immunotherapy (PIT) is highly effective at silencing autoimmune responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and clinical trials of PIT are underway in MS. This review discusses the current paradigms for PIT-induced tolerance in naïve T cells. It highlights the need for better understanding of the mode of action of PIT upon memory and effector T cells that are responsible for driving/sustaining ongoing autoimmune pathology. Recent studies in EAEsuggest genetic and epigenetic changes in these pathogenic T-cell populations in response to PIT. Finally, future challenges to effective translation of PIT to the clinic are considered.
Detection, Mapping, and Quantification of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Histological Specimens with Photoacoustic Microscopy

Aims In the present study, the efficacy of multi-scale photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) was investigated to detect, map, and quantify trace amounts [nanograms (ng) to micrograms (µg)] of SWCNTs in a variety of histological tissue specimens consisting of cancer and benign tissue biopsies (histological specimens from implanted tissue engineering scaffolds). Materials and Methods Optical-resolution (OR) and acoustic-resolution (AR) - Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) was employed to detect, map and quantify the SWCNTs in a variety of tissue histological specimens and compared with other optical techniques (bright-field optical microscopy, Raman microscopy, near infrared (NIR) fluorescence microscopy). Results Both optical-resolution and acoustic-resolution PAM, allow the detection and quantification of SWCNTs in histological specimens with scalable spatial resolution and depth penetration. The noise-equivalent detection sensitivity to SWCNTs in the specimens was calculated to be as low as ∼7 pg. Image processing analysis further allowed the mapping, distribution, and quantification of the SWCNTs in the histological sections. Conclusions The results demonstrate the potential of PAM as a promising imaging technique to detect, map, and quantify SWCNTs in histological specimens, and could complement the capabilities of current optical and electron microscopy techniques in the analysis of histological specimens containing SWCNTs.
An Overview of Textile Interfaces

In this paper, we aim to provide an overview on tex til interfaces in regard to three main aspects: education, applied technologies and ways of interaction. The research in this field is still at an early stage and we find that there are a lot of opp ortunities for future work. Textile interfaces offer a broad range of advantage s to the educational world in terms of engagement, aesthetic s and diversity, but still possess some drawbacks which n eed to be addressed. The technology behind textile interfaces spread acr oss several fields like electrical and computing engineering, b ut also sewing, fashion, and arts. The paper presents new technolog ies like piezoelectric materials and thermoelectric generato r that helped the development of textile interfaces. We also explore the interaction aspect of the field as we try to find out which gestures are acceptable and the criteria o make such choices.
Interactions between abundant fungal species influence the fungal community assemblage on limestone

The assembly of fungal communities on stone materials is mainly influenced by the differential bioreceptivity of such materials and environmental conditions. However, little is known about the role of fungal interactions in the colonization and establishment of fungal species. We analyzed the effects of intra- and interspecific interactions between 11 species of fungi in oligotrophic and copiotrophic media and on limestone coupons. In a previous study, these species were the most frequently isolated in the epilithic biofilms of limestone walls exposed to a subtropical climate. In the culture media, we found a greater frequency of intra- and interspecific inhibitory effects in the oligotrophic medium than in the copiotrophic medium. On the limestone coupons, all fungi were able to establish; however, the colonization success rate varied significantly. Cladosporium cladosporioides had a less extensive colonization in isolation (control) than in dual interactions (coexistence) with other species. Phoma eupyrena exhibited the highest colonization success rate and competitive dominance among all tested species. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed that Pestalotiopsis maculans and Paraconiothyrium sp. produced calcium oxalate crystals during their growth on coupon surfaces, both in isolation and in dual interactions. Our results demonstrate that interactions between abundant fungal species influence the fungal colonization on substrates, the biomineralization and the fungal community assemblage growing in limestone biofilms.
Consistent, Complete and Compact Generation of DNF-type Fuzzy Rules by a Pittsburgh-style Genetic Algorithm

When a flexible fuzzy rule structure such as those with antecedent in conjunctive normal form is used, the interpretability of the obtained fuzzy model is significantly improved. However, some important problems appear related to the interaction among this set of rules. Indeed, it is relatively easy to get inconsistencies, lack of completeness, redundancies, etc. Mostly these properties are ignored or mildly faced. This paper, however, focuses on the design of a multiobjective genetic algorithm that properly considers all these properties thus ensuring an effective search space exploration and generation of highly legible and accurate fuzzy models.
Adaptive sample size modification in clinical trials: start small then ask for more?

We consider sample size re‐estimation in a clinical trial, in particular when there is a significant delay before the measurement of patient response. Mehta and Pocock have proposed methods in which sample size is increased when interim results fall in a ‘promising zone’ where it is deemed worthwhile to increase conditional power by adding more subjects. Our analysis reveals potential pitfalls in applying this approach. Mehta and Pocock use results of Chen, DeMets and Lan to identify when increasing sample size, but applying a conventional level α significance test at the end of the trial does not inflate the type I error rate: we have found the greatest gains in power per additional observation are liable to lie outside the region defined by this method. Mehta and Pocock increase sample size to achieve a particular conditional power, calculated under the current estimate of treatment effect: this leads to high increases in sample size for a small range of interim outcomes, whereas we have found it more efficient to make moderate increases in sample size over a wider range of cases. If the aforementioned pitfalls are avoided, we believe the broad framework proposed by Mehta and Pocock is valuable for clinical trial design. Working in this framework, we propose sample size rules that apply explicitly the principle of adding observations when they are most beneficial. The resulting trial designs are closely related to efficient group sequential tests for a delayed response proposed by Hampson and Jennison. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
System support for pervasive applications

Pervasive computing provides an attractive vision for the future of computing. Computational power will be available everywhere. Mobile and stationary devices will dynamically connect and coordinate to seamlessly help people in accomplishing their tasks. For this vision to become a reality, developers must build applications that constantly adapt to a highly dynamic computing environment. To make the developers' task feasible, we present a system architecture for pervasive computing, called <i>one.world</i>. Our architecture provides an integrated and comprehensive framework for building pervasive applications. It includes services, such as discovery and migration, that help to build applications and directly simplify the task of coping with constant change. We describe our architecture and its programming model and reflect on our own and others' experiences with using it.
Evolution of brain activation after stroke in a constant-effort versus constant-output motor task.

PURPOSE Recovery of hand function after stroke has been associated with transient overactivation of the cerebral sensorimotor network. One open question has been as to how much this transient overactivation is related to 'true' reorganisation of the network or reflecting the fact that a simple motor task is difficult to perform for a patient with a motor deficit, i.e. reflecting 'effort'. METHODS To address this, we combined a constant-output (varying effort) and constant-effort (varying output) task in a longitudinal (T1 = 3-5 days, T2 = 6 weeks, T3 = 3 months after stroke) multimodal (functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), electroencephalography (EEG)) study of 12 (EEG)/8 (FMRI) patients (7 male, age 67 ± 9 years) showing significant recovery from a hand motor deficit. RESULTS The reduction of sensorimotor activation from T1 to T3 was significant (p = 0.012). But task effort did not exhibit any significant impact on the evolution of task-related brain activation over time. This proved to be equally applicable to FMRI and EEG data. CONCLUSION We conclude that initial up-regulation of brain activity after stroke is not simply a consequence of enhanced effort early after stroke but rather reflects neural processes involved in reorganisation and recovery of function.
A processor for a high-performance personal computer

This paper describes the design goals, micro- architecture, and implementation of the microprogrammed processor for a compact high performance personal computer. This computer supports a range of high level language environments and high bandwidth I/O devices. Besides the processor, it has a cache, a memory map, main storage, and an instruction fetch unit; these are described in other papers. The processor can be shared among 16 microcoded tasks, performing microcode context switches on demand with essentially no overhead. Conditional branches are done without any lookahead or delay. Microinstructions are fairly tightly encoded, and use an interesting variant on control field sharing. The processor implements a large number of internal registers, hardware stacks, a cyclic shifter/masker, and an arithmetic/logic unit, together with external data paths for instruction fetching, memory interface, and I/O, in a compact, pipe-lined organization. The machine has a 50 ns microcycle, and can execute a simple macroinstruction in one cycle; the available I/O bandwidth is 640 Mbits/sec. The entire machine, including disk, display and network interfaces, is implemented with approximately 3000 MSI components, mostly ECL 10K; the processor is about 35% of this. In addition there are up to 4 storage modules, each with about 300 16K or 64K RAMS and 200 MSI components, for a total of 8 Mbytes. Several prototypes are currently running.
Laughter, crying and sadness in ALS

Background Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is prevalent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but there is limited information on its associations and course. Objectives Explore prevalence, associations, course and manifestations of PBA in outpatient cohort of patients with ALS and examine its relationship to depression. Methods Self-reported measures of PBA and depression (Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale (CNS-LS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively) were obtained from consecutive patients with ALS using tablet devices in waiting rooms (Knowledge Program). Results PBA (CNS-LS ≥13) was seen in 209/735 patients (28.4%). PBA was associated with bulbar onset and dysfunction, upper motor neuron dysfunction, cognitive impairment, depression and lower quality of life. A multivariable model that included lower bulbar and gross motor subscores, female gender, younger age and shorter duration of disease predicted PBA with 74% accuracy. CNS-LS scores increased only slowly with time. Women with PBA reported more crying than men. Crying (but not laughter) correlated with depression, and crying was associated with poorer quality of life. Exploratory factor analysis of pooled questions of CNS-LS and PHQ-9 identified three underlying factors (laughter, crying and depression) loaded on appropriate questions of the respective instruments. Conclusion This study identifies associations of PBA and additionally finds PBA (especially crying-predominant PBA) more prevalent in women with ALS. Although the two self-report instruments (CNS-LS and PHQ-9) discriminate well between PBA and depression, there is significant overlap between depression and crying in PBA. Studies of PBA should stratify for gender, examine crying and laughter as separate outcomes and adjust for depression.
Motion from Structure (MfS): Searching for 3D Objects in Cluttered Point Trajectories

Object detection has been a long standing problem in computer vision, and state-of-the-art approaches rely on the use of sophisticated features and/or classifiers. However, these learning-based approaches heavily depend on the quality and quantity of labeled data, and do not generalize well to extreme poses or textureless objects. In this work, we explore the use of 3D shape models to detect objects in videos in an unsupervised manner. We call this problem Motion from Structure (MfS): given a set of point trajectories and a 3D model of the object of interest, find a subset of trajectories that correspond to the 3D model and estimate its alignment (i.e., compute the motion matrix). MfS is related to Structure from Motion (SfM) and motion segmentation problems: unlike SfM, the structure of the object is known but the correspondence between the trajectories and the object is unknown, unlike motion segmentation, the MfS problem incorporates 3D structure, providing robustness to tracking mismatches and outliers. Experiments illustrate how our MfS algorithm outperforms alternative approaches in both synthetic data and real videos extracted from YouTube.
Improvements in Atmospheric Water Vapor Content Retrievals Over Open Oceans From Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometers

The study is dedicated to the development of an improved algorithm for integrated water vapor content (WVC) retrieval from the advanced microwave sounding radiometer 2 (AMSR2) measurement data over open ocean areas. The algorithm is based on physical modeling of the brightness temperature (BT) of the upwelling radiation of the atmosphere – ocean system. The BT inversion is carried out with neural networks (NNs), trained on an ensemble of BTs, calculated using the dataset of the atmospheric and oceanic parameters. The improvement in the WVC retrieval algorithm as compared to previously developed one is associated, first, with the usage of the new ocean emissivity empirical model and, second, with the exclusion of the vertically polarized BT from NNs inputs. The new model was incorporated into the BT geophysical model and a new set of NNs coefficients was obtained for WVC algorithm. Though the results of the numerical experiment demonstrate higher retrieval accuracy for the old version of the NN model, real-valued validation with global positioning system (GPS) WVC shows better performance of the new NN model with the excluded vertically polarized AMSR2 BT from the NNs algorithm inputs. The advantages of the new algorithm are the most remarkable under conditions of high winds. This is confirmed by the validation based on the database of GPS WVC measurements under extreme winds. The improved WVC retrieval algorithm is mostly beneficial for the studies of extreme weather events such as polar lows, extratropical and tropical cyclones, associated with high winds.
Sequencing and Sequence Analysis of VP7 and NSP5 Genes Reveal Emergence of a New Genotype of Bovine Group B Rotaviruses in India

ABSTRACT Three bovine group B rotavirus strains were detected from diarrheic calves during a surveillance study of rotaviral diarrhea in West Bengal, India. The sequence analysis of VP7 and NSP5 genes of these strains demonstrates a high degree of sequence variation from other group B rotavirus strains, indicating the emergence of a new genotype.
Fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers: relaxed stability conditions and LMI-based designs

This paper presents new relaxed stability conditions and LMI- (linear matrix inequality) based designs for both continuous and discrete fuzzy control systems. They are applied to design problems of fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers. First, Takagi and Sugeno's fuzzy models and some stability results are recalled. To design fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers, nonlinear systems are represented by Takagi-Sugeno's (TS) fuzzy models. The concept of parallel distributed compensation is employed to design fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers from the TS fuzzy models. New stability conditions are obtained by relaxing the stability conditions derived in previous papers, LMI-based design procedures for fuzzy regulators and fuzzy observers are constructed using the parallel distributed compensation and the relaxed stability conditions. Other LMI's with respect to decay rate and constraints on control input and output are also derived and utilized in the design procedures. Design examples for nonlinear systems demonstrate the utility of the relaxed stability conditions and the LMI-based design procedures.
Association of endotoxaemia with serum free fatty acids in metabolically healthy and unhealthy abdominally obese individuals: a case–control study in northwest of Iran

Objectives This study aimed to compare serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) between metabolically healthy abdominally obese (MHAO) and metabolically unhealthy abdominally obese (MUAO) individuals. We also examined the association between serum FFAs and LBP in the participants. Methods In this age-matched and gender-matched case–control study, 164 abdominally obese subjects were recruited from June to November 2015 in the northwest of Iran. Demographic data, dietary intake, body composition, anthropometric indices and physical activity (PA) were assessed. Basal blood samples were collected to determine serum metabolic parameters, FFAs and LBP. Abdominal obesity was defined as having waist circumference ≥95 cm. Those with three or more metabolic alterations were defined as MUAO and those having two or less were classified as MHAO. Data were analysed using SPSS V.17. 0. Results There were no significant differences in dietary intake, anthropometric indices, body composition and PA between the two groups. The odds of MUAO significantly increased by increments in serum fasting blood sugar (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.25 to 6.40), triglycerides (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.15), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06) and decreased by increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.52). The levels of LBP and FFAs showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, significant correlations were found between LBP and FFAs in pooled population (r=0.712; p<0.001) as well as in cases (r=0.717; p<0.001) and controls (r=0.704; p<0.001). Neither FFAs nor LBP were significantly correlated with dietary intake or metabolic parameters (p>0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that serum LBP and FFAs are highly correlated both in MHAO and MUAO states. In addition, the levels of LBP and FFAs seem to be more related to abdominal obesity than to the presence or absence of metabolic health.