Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of AlInN graded polarization-dependent doped top cladding on the performance of deep ultra-violet laser diode emitting at ∼271 nm wavelength

This work presents the theoretical study on the polarization induced p-type doping of undoped-AlInN graded cladding layers for the deep ultra-violet laser diode (LD) emitting at around 271 nm wavelength. The reference LD consists of 320 nm of linearly graded undoped AlN-Al0.7Ga0. 3N layer, while in our LD the graded undoped AlN-Al0.7Ga0. 3N layer is replaced by the undoped AlN-Al x In(1−x)N composition graded layers with different x mole fraction from 0.88 to 0.92. The static device resistance for reference LD is ∼28.6 Ω which is reduced to ∼18.38 Ω for AlN-Al0.12In0.88N graded layer at 500 mA. The device resistance has been reduced dramatically by ∼10.2 Ω. The reduction in resistance is attributed to the increased polarization grading in AlN-Al0.12In0.88N. The large polarization grading leads to large hole carrier induction in the layer which increases the p-type conductivity of the undoped AlN-Al0.12In0.88N graded layer. Threshold current for reference LD is 393 mA which has been reduced to 384 mA for AlN-Al0.12In0.88N. The electron leakage has reduced from 0.9 kA cm−2 to 0.11 kA cm−2 at ∼30 kA cm−2 injected current density, whereas the hole transportation has improved from 29.23 kA cm−2 to ∼30 kA cm−2 at ∼30 kA cm−2 injected current density.
Fungal growth is affected by and affects pH and redox potential (Eh) of the growth medium

Fungal plant pathogens live in the specific environment of plants. Understanding of the interaction between pathogens and their host plants might open new ways to control plant diseases. Yet, the specificities of the plant environment and its effects on fungal growth are not yet fully explored. Both pH and Eh play a key role during the interaction between the fungus and its host plants, but often studied independently or at different scales. To decipher the interrelation between plant growth and their soil environment, recent theoretical and methodological advances have been made through the joint characterization of the pH and Eh. This opens the prospect to develop similar methods for fungi. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the methods developed for soil could be transposed to fungi. We first worked on artificial media, assessing the impact of fungal growth on the media in cultures. The growth of all 16 species tested significantly altered either Eh, pH or both in agar media. Measuring Eh reveals that even the species not modifying pH can have an impact on the surrounding environment. Reciprocally, altered media were used to characterize sensitivity of fungal growth to both pH and Eh parameters. The response of the six fungi tested to the modified media was quantitative with a decrease in colony diameter. In addition, colony aspect was repeatedly and thoroughly modified. As a first step towards the same studies in conditions matching the natural environment of fungal pathogens, we tested how the measurement can be performed with fungi growing on oilseed rape plants. In infected plant stems, pH and Eh were significantly altered, in opposite directions for L. maculans and S. sclerotiorum. The observed alcalinisation or acidification correlates with canker length. Our series of experiments indicate that the procedure published for Eh and pH in soil can be extended for measurement in agar media and in infected plants. Further, the joint characterization of both parameters opens the way to a more precise understanding of the impact of fungi on their environment, and conversely, of the environment on fungal growth. The availability of methods for measurement opens the prospect to study combinations of stresses, either on agar media or in plants, and get an understanding of the involvement of pH and Eh modifications in these interactions.
Tourist satisfaction-loyalty Nexus in Tigrai, Ethiopia: Implication for sustainable tourism development

Abstract Long-term success of the tourism industry is unthinkable unless tourist satisfaction and loyalty are secured. However, there is very scant literature dealing with this issue in the developing and politically unstable counties including Ethiopia. To this end, this study attempts to examine tourist satisfaction-loyalty nexus and its implication for sustainable tourism development. Convenience sampling method was deployed to choose a total of 392 international and domestic tourists who participated in this study. Additional data were collected from Tripadvisor and document reviews. The results of this study elucidate that there is a highly significant relationship between tourist satisfaction and loyalty. However, the level of satisfaction and loyalty is generally low in the study area. This study concludes that tourism managers should work to ensure tourist satisfaction and loyalty, which eventually determines the sustainability of tourism development. Finally, future research direction and implications for sustainable tourism development are indicated in the study.
Fitness Tradeoffs, Bimodality, and the Genetics of Natural Variation in Glucose-Galactose Sensing Across Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

In nature, cells must constantly sense their environment and respond appropriately. These cellular “decisions” are implemented by molecular components that can mutate and evolve. How do mutations lead to changes in cellular decision-making? How do the decisions made by cells affect their fitness? This thesis explores these questions by examining the same metabolic decision made by geographically and ecologically diverse strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast). When yeast encounter a mixture of the sugars glucose and galactose, they utilize glucose while repressing galactose-utilization (GAL) genes. When glucose is exhausted, cells undergo a “diauxic lag” while inducing GAL genes, and then resume growth on galactose. We found that some yeast strains can induce GAL genes before glucose is exhausted, which reduces their diauxic lag but imposes an initial growth cost. The degree of pre-induction depends on the sugar-sensing threshold of the GAL circuit, which we map to a natural allelic series of the signaling gene GAL3. However, because the GAL response is bimodal, we find that GAL3 alleles only modulate the fraction of cells that induced in a given condition, while the expression level attained by those induced cells is tuned by alleles of other genes. Overall, our results reveal the repertoire of mutations that can quantitatively tune a cellular decision in nature, as well as the downstream effects of this tuning on physiology and
Wheelchair for Quadriplegic Patient with Electromyography Signal Control Wireless

Quadriplegia is a paralysis condition in both arms and legs so that the patient is only able to move his neck and head. Manual or electric wheelchairs with joystick or switch control as a tool for people with paralysis certainly cannot be controlled independently by quadriplegia sufferers. This study aimed to help quadriplegia sufferers not to depend on others in carrying out daily activities by developing electric wheelchairs that can be controlled independently. The bioelectric signal which has only been used for diagnostic purposes can be utilized as an electric wheelchair control system for quadriplegia sufferers. In this study, electric wheelchairs were controlled by electromyography (EMG) signals from muscle contractions that can be driven by quadriplegia sufferers, namely the neck and face muscles. The increase in EMG signal amplitude during the muscle contraction is used as a trigger for the electric motor in a wheelchair to move forward, backward, turn right, and turn left. An electronic circuit for signal conditioning was used to amplify the EMG signal leads and filter frequencies that are not needed by the system before being processed by the microcontroller circuit. The use of wireless systems was developed to reduce the use of cables connecting electrodes to patients with electronic devices that will provide comfort to the user. Based on the results of the data collection on the wheelchair system, the detectability and selectivity values were for the 100% and 94% forward commands, 94.33% and 100% reverse commands, 92.31%, and 96% right turn commands and 97.96% and 94.12% left turn commands. The electric wheelchair system with EMG signal control is expected to help the mobility of quadriplegia sufferers.
From implicit to explicit: The impact of disclosure requirements on hidden transaction costs

This paper provides evidence that disclosing corporate bond investors' transaction costs (markups) affects the size of the markups. Until recently, markups were embedded in the reported transaction price and not explicitly disclosed. Without explicit disclosure, investors can estimate their markups using executed transaction prices. However, estimating markups imposes information processing costs on investors, potentially creating information asymmetry between unsophisticated investors and bond-market professionals. We explore changes in markups after bond-market professionals were required to explicitly disclose the markup on certain retail trade confirmations. We find that markups decline for trades that are subject to the disclosure requirement relative to those that are not. The findings are pronounced when constraints on investors' information processing capacity limit their ability to be informed about their markups without explicit disclosure.
The Impact of National Office Governance on Audit Quality

We examine the impact of internal audit firm governance on audit quality through national office involvement with local offices. We proxy for national office governance using two measures of geographical proximity, distance and the introduction of frequent, direct airline routes between a practice office and the national office of the firm, where the latter introduces exogenous variation. We predict and find closer proximity strengthens national office governance through more monitoring and knowledge transfer, resulting in better audit quality, captured by lower propensity of restatements. Cross-sectional analyses confirm that the relation varies with national office’s sensitivity to costs. Finally, we find that smaller audit firms benefit less from national office governance, consistent with theory that suggests smaller partnership structures have less moral hazard costs and less knowledge transfer benefits from national office governance. Collectively, our results help to explain one avenue that develops audit quality among auditors.
The lncRNA NEAT1_1 is dispensable for normal tissue homeostasis and cancer cell growth

NEAT1 is one of the most studied lncRNAs, in part because its silencing in mice causes defects in mammary gland development and corpus luteum formation, and protects them from skin cancer development. Moreover, depleting NEAT1 in established cancer cell lines reduces growth and sensitizes cells to DNA damaging agents. However, NEAT1 produces two isoforms and because the short isoform, NEAT1_1, completely overlaps the 5’ part of the long NEAT1_2 isoform, the respective contributions of each of the isoforms to these phenotypes has remained unclear. Whereas NEAT1_1 is highly expressed in most tissues, NEAT1_2 is the central architectural component of paraspeckles, which are nuclear bodies that assemble in specific tissues and cells exposed to various forms of stress. Using dual RNA-FISH to detect both NEAT1_1 outside of paraspeckles and NEAT1_2/NEAT1 inside this nuclear body, we report herein that NEAT1_1 levels are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle and targeted for degradation by the nuclear RNA exosome. Unexpectedly, however, cancer cells engineered to lack NEAT1_1, but not NEAT1_2, do not exhibit cell cycle defects. Moreover, Neat1_1-specific knockout mice do not exhibit the phenotypes observed in Neat1-deficient mice. We propose that NEAT1 functions are mainly, if not exclusively, attributable to NEAT1_2 and, by extension, to paraspeckles. Graphical abstract
Dirichlet Boundary Value Problem for an Impulsive Forced Pendulum Equation with Viscous and Dry Frictions

Sufficient conditions are given for the solvability of an impulsive Dirichlet boundary value problem to forced nonlinear differential equations involving the combination of viscous and dry frictions. Apart from the solvability, also the explicit estimates of solutions and their derivatives are obtained. As an application, an illustrative example is given, and the corresponding numerical solution is obtained by applying Matlab software.
Revisiting Stakeholder Theory and Environmentalism: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

In this study, we evaluated corporate environmental activities within the framework of stakeholders’ concerns and taking an emerging economy as the field of study. This paper integrates the stakeholder theory and corporate environmental behavior to develop a model and then tests this model in an emerging economy context. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from managers operating in a variety of industries in Pakistan. A structural equation modeling technique has been used for data analysis. Results revealed that regulatory bodies are the most significant while media, customers, and activists are insignificant stakeholders. Top management commitment is identified as an important endogenous and exogenous variable.
Correlation between glycated hemoglobin and venous blood sugar in diabetic patients monitored in Abidjan

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between glycated hemoglobin and blood sugar levels in diabetic subjects carried out in Abidjan. This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with diabetes monitored, for three months, for whom glycated blood glucose and hemoglobin were performed, this after informed consent of the patients. Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used, at the 5% threshold. The patients with normal HbA1C and normal blood glucose accounted for 55.34 and 32%, respectively. A sedentary lifestyle and body mass index > 25 kg/m² were associated with a significant increase in the risk of increased blood glucose and HbA1C. The presence of a complication was associated with a 3.06-fold higher risk of high glycated hemoglobin (p= 0.0073), while blood glucose was not significantly associated with the onset of complications. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly correlated with blood glucose with a correlation coefficient of 0.4412 (p 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was significantly associated with alcohol consumption and non-compliance with antidiabetic treatment. Poor compliance was significantly associated with increased glycated hemoglobin (>7%) and tobacco consumption. The glycated hemoglobin was highly correlated with blood sugar, and was found to be a better predictor of diabetes complications than glycemia. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, blood sugar, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.
Effect of size dependent surface stress on bending of ultrathin nanofilms

Bending of nanofilms with thicknesses down to sub nanometers was addressed. The size dependence of surface stress and elastic modulus were considered in the current bending model. Our model can describes bending of nanofilms with any configuration of surface stress and lattice misfit. Model calculations with physically reasonable parameters fit well with available molecular dynamics simulation. It is found that the size dependence of surface stress is of vital importance on surface stress dominated bending of ultrathin nanofilms. The derived two dimensional Stoney formula shows that the Poisson ratio would have significant effects on the bending of nanofilms under anisotropic surface stress.
Rabbits fed fermented cassava starch residue I: Effect on performance and health status

espanolL’alimentation des modeles de croissance et vis-a-vis de l’etat de sante des lapins nourris au mais qui a ete remplace par des residus d’amidon de manioc fermentee par voie microbienne (MFCSR) a ete evaluee dans un essai de huit semaines. Cent cinquante, 5 semaine sevre les lapins ont ete aleatoirement affectes a 5 traitements alimentaires dans un completement aleatoire. Chaque traitement a ete replique 10 fois avec 3 lapins par repetition. La moyenne quotidienne de la prise de l’alimentation le lapin a (59.83-68.02g par lapin par jour) avec l’augmentation de l’inclusion (MFCSR y3 = 5.2202x3 3355.9 ; R2 = 0,36) ; alors que le gain de poids total n’a augmente avec l’augmentation de l’inclusion (MFCSR 1106.89-1264.89 g par lapin) jusqu’a 50 % (y2 =1234.8-3.7045x2 ; R2 = 0,31) et a diminue par la suite. Cela a ete appuye par des modeles mathematiques polynome 2o. Seul le poids abattu (1346.71 - 1818.88g), habille (poids 704.83-832.02g) et poids relatif des reins (0.53-0.74 %) etaient significatives (P EnglishThe feeding and growth models vis-a-vis the health status of rabbits fed diets in which maize was replaced with microbially fermented cassava starch residue (MFCSR) was evaluated in an eight weeks trial. One hundred and fifty, 5- week old weaner rabbits were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated 10 times with 3 rabbits per replicate. The average daily feed intake of the rabbits increased (59.83-68.02g per rabbit per day) with increased MFCSR inclusion (y3= 5.2202x3+3355.9; R2=0.36); while the total weight gain only increased with increased MFCSR inclusion (1106.89-1264.89 g per rabbit) up to 50% (y2=1234.8-3.7045x2; R2=0.31) and thereafter decreased. This was supported by 2o polynomial mathematical models. Only the slaughtered weight (1346.71 – 1818.88g), dressed weight (704.83-832.02g) and relative weight of the kidney (0.53-0.74%) were significant (P
Evaluation of the awareness of childhood cancers by general practitioners, family physicians and pediatricians

Objective: Although, childhood cancer was considered as a deadly disease in the past, now it is considered as a life-threatening chronic disease if diagnosed early. The present study evaluates how much the symptoms of childhood cancers are recognised by the physicians in Istanbul, Turkey. Materials and Methods: The objective of the study and the questionnaire form was explained to participants and they were asked whether they would like to take part in the study. The questionnaire composed of two sections: 1. Investigated the sociodemographic characteristics of the physicians and 2. Investigated the knowledge of the physicians on childhood cancers (leukaemia, solid tumour, common questions). The physicians were given 2 points for every correct answer; wrong answers and answers such as “I have no idea” were scored 0 points. Based on the correct answers given by all participants, the medians for every question group were calculated. The measure of success was 75 percentile, which was calculated for each question group considering these median values. Results: Examining the percentages of the correct answers to the questions, the best known were the leukaemia questions (74.6%) and the less known were the solid tumour questions (57.1%). The physicians younger than 33 years, which was the mean age, gave better answers to the leukaemia questions and the common questions. When the academic titles of participants were grouped as pediatricians and other physicians, the leukaemia, solid tumour, common group and total points showed statistically high significant differences. Conclusion: Our study has revealed the need of our country for training programs aimed at increasing the awareness of general practitioners working in primary health care institutions, as these institutions are the first reference centers for the pediatric patient population. Childhood cancer awareness must be improved by implementing training programs which in turn will lead to early diagnosis and referral to an appropriate specialist.
Pengaruh Intellectual Capital, LDR, DAR dan TATO Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Perusahaan Perbankan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intellectual capital, loan to deposit ratio, debt to assets ratio dan total assets turnover terhadap profitabilitas. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada periode tahun 2016-2018 sebayak 45 perusahaan. Sampel penelitian sebayak 31 perusahaan selama 3 tahun sehingga diperoleh sampel 93 perusahaan dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur dengan program SPSS 25. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan intellectual capital berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas (ROA), LDR tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas (ROA), DAR tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas (ROA) dan TATO berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas (ROA).
Microbiological quality and safety of milk production and marketing in Hawassa district, Ethiopia

The microbiological quality and safety of milk samples from different sources in Hawassa distinct from southern nations, nationalities and people regional state was evaluated. A total of 63 raw milk samples were obtained from three selected dairy farms, urban and rural households. Twenty-seven pasteurized milk samples were obtained from three retail brands from various supermarkets in Hawassa city. Each milk sample was collected in triplicate monthly over three months. Total bacterial count (TBC), coliform counts (CC), total staphylococci counts (TSC), yeast and mould counts (YMC) were isolated and identified by morphological and biochemical tests following the standard methods. Household milk samples had a higher TBC (7.32 log CFU/ml) than dairy farm milk samples (6.83 log CFU/ml) and pauperized milk samples (6.75 log CFU/ml). Similarly, household milk samples had significantly higher Coliform load compared to dairy farms and pasteurized milk samples. Total staphylococci counts (TSC) and YMC significantly vary between sources. Household milk samples had the highest TSC and YMC count while pasteurized milk samples had the least TSC and YMC count. Twelve bacterial genera were identified from each milk sample from all sources. However, the degree of occurrences of each genus varies between milk sources. While the isolation rate of Enterobacter, Escherchia, and Shigella species of raw milk samples from the households was significantly higher than in milk samples from dairy farms, the percentage of positive milk samples for Proteus species, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and coagulase postive Staphylococcus was higher in dairy farm milk samples than in milk sample from households. The present study has shown that the quality of milk produced in the area and the retail brands of pasteurized milk sold in various supermarkets in the area had poor microbiological quality and are unsafe for consumption. Hence, adequate sanitary measures should be taken at all stages from production to consumption to keep the safety of the consumers particularly children. Key words: Coliform count, dairy farms, milk, total bacteria count, total staphylococci count, yeast, mould count.