Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6-59 Months at Hidabu Abote District, North Shewa, Oromia RegionalState

Introduction: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. It is the most important risk factor for the burden of diseases. In Ethiopia, child malnutrition rate is one of the most serious public health problem and the highest in the world. High malnutrition rates in the country pose a significant obstacle to achieving better child health outcomes. Objective: To assess prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months at Hidabu Abote district, North shewa, Oromia. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 820 children aged 6-59 months from September 8-23, 2012 at Hidabu Abote district. Multistage sampling method was used to select households. Children were selected from each kebeles by simple random sampling. Anthropometric measurements and structured questioners were used . Data were processed using EPi-info soft ware and exported to SPSS for analysis. Then after, sex, age, height and weight transferred with HHs number to ENA for SMART 2007software to convert nutritional data into Z-scores of the indices; Height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors of malnutrition. Results: The analysis this study revealed that, 47.6%, 30.9% and 16.7% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. The main associated factors of stunting were found to be child age, family monthly income, children were received butter as pre-lacteal feeding and family planning. Underweight was associated with number of children HHs and children were received butter as per-lacteal feeding. Treatment of water in HHs the only variable associated with wasting. Conclusion and recommendation: From the findings of this study, it is concluded that malnutrition is still an important problem among children aged 6-59 months. Therefore, especial attention should be given on intervention of malnutrition.
Fuel economy and emissions benefits from diesel fuel additives

Fuel Economy and Emissions Benefits from Diesel Fuel Additives Geoffrey James Newlin With the spike in fuel costs during 2008, fuel consumption, and methods to reduce it, has come to the forefront of society, and recognition that inexpensive energy sources for mobile transportation may be a thing of the past. Even though fuel costs did significantly decrease by 75% after this spike [1], they will most likely continue to rise. Improvements to mobile transportation and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are a major agenda item of the United States and many industrialized nations. New and improved technologies will be developed and employed for future transportation needs of society. However, the existing fleet used in the transportation sector will take years, if not decades, to replace, and there is a need to find technologies to implement that could serve to reduce the fuel consumption from these vehicles. One example of the present fleet is the United States Department of Defense (DoD), which in 2008 purchased approximately 100 million barrels of diesel and jet petroleum fuels totaling more than 12 billion dollars [2]. A 0.1% reduction in consumption could save millions of dollars for the DoD. Any practical, economical means to reduce the fuel consumption for the DoD may have significant financial rewards. Additionally, reducing battlefield fuel consumption will result in reduction of support troop exposure in combat zones. Enhancing combustion is one way to increase fuel economy in vehicles, and using fuel additives may be an economical means to do this. This study evaluated the effect five different additives had on the fuel consumption and emissions from three heavy-duty and one medium-duty diesel engines. The testing was completed in an engine dynamometer test cell following a variety of test cycles. None of the additives could reliably show a reduction in brake specific fuel consumption for three of the engines, and one engine demonstrated less than a 1.0% reduction. Likewise, no significant changes in emissions measurements were identified, with the exception that one additive exhibited reductions in brake specific particulate matter for two of the engines.
Rutile (U‐Th)/He Thermochronology: Temperature Sensitivity and Radiation Damage Effects

Rutile (TiO2) is a common U‐Th‐bearing accessory mineral in metamorphic and, to a lesser extent, igneous rocks. Its development as a (U‐Th)/He thermochronometer would diversify the lithologies dateable with the (U‐Th)/He technique. We report (U‐Th)/He dates for rutile with crystallization ages that vary from Cretaceous to Proterozoic from eight samples with independent constraints on their thermal history to empirically calibrate the temperature sensitivity of the rutile (U‐Th)/He (RHe) system. The results document an analytical challenge for the Proterozoic rutile, where degassing at laser powers typical for zircon volatilized the parent isotopes while lower laser powers failed to consistently and completely extract all 4He from the crystals. In contrast, the six Phanerozoic samples were easily degassed without U‐Th loss. RHe dates for five of these samples are fairly reproducible (6–22% dispersion) or yield positive RHe date‐eU correlations. RHe dates are older than or overlap with apatite (U‐Th)/He dates available for four of these samples and are younger than zircon (U‐Th)/He dates available for two of these samples. This implies that the He closure temperature (Tc) for these Phanerozoic rutile is between apatite (~70 °C) and lower damage zircon (~200 °C). We also conducted two 4He diffusion experiments. These data are consistent with anisotropic He diffusion and yield Tc estimates of ~155–159 °C for diffusion parallel to the c axis (at a 10 °C/Ma cooling rate). These diffusion experiment results, the degassing patterns for Phanerozoic versus Proterozoic rutile, and the positive RHe date‐eU correlations in two samples imply that radiation damage increases rutile He retentivity.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Urised 3 and DIRUI FUS-200 Automated Urine Sediment Analyzers and Manual Microscopic Method

Abstract Objective: Microscopic examination of urine sediment is necessary for evaluation of renal and urinary tract diseases. In this study, we evaluated and compared analytic and diagnostic performances of DIRUI FUS-200 and a new image-based automated urine sediment analyzer Urised 3. Method: A total of 440 urine samples, submitted to our laboratory, were evaluated by two automated urine sediment analyzers and a standardized manual microscopy. Precision, linearity and method comparison studies were performed according to CLSI guidelines. Results: Considering the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, strong correlations existed between FUS-200 and manual microscopy (r=0.993 vs 0.861), Urised 3 and manual microscopy (r=0.962 vs 0.818), FUS200 and Urised 3 (r=0.961 vs 0.961). Clinical non-concordance ranged from 7% to 14.16% among all methods. Conclusions: The concordance between the analyzers and manual microscopy for WBC was better than that of RBC. The concordance between the two analyzers was better for WBC and RBC, with respect to the manual microscopy. Although the Urised 3, FUS-200 and manual microscopy counts were in agreement; confirmation of the results of automated analyzers with manual microscopy is particularly helpful, for pathological samples with near cut-off values.
Differences Between OCO‐2 and GOME‐2 SIF Products From a Model‐Data Fusion Perspective

Space‐borne retrievals of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) over land surfaces have recently become a resource for studying and quantifying the broad scale dynamics of gross carbon uptake (gross primary productivity—GPP) across ecosystems. To prepare for the assimilation of SIF data in terrestrial biosphere models, we examine how differences between SIF products (due to differences in acquisition characteristics and processing chain) may affect the optimization of model parameters and the resultant GPP estimate. We compare recent daily mean SIF products (one from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 [OCO‐2] and two from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment–2 [GOME‐2], GlobFluo [GF] and NASA‐v28 [N28], missions), averaged at 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution and 16‐day temporal resolution, at the biome level. Phase differences between these products are relatively small. A first‐order correction of the difference in spectral sampling between the two instruments shows that OCO‐2 and N28 are consistent in terms of magnitude and amplitude, while GF is twice as large as the others. Using a bias‐blind toy data assimilation framework, we analyze how biases between SIF products, and between model and products, can be partially alleviated by optimizing the slope and intercept parameters of a linear GPP‐SIF operator. As observation biases can transfer to biases in other optimized process‐based parameters and to modeled carbon fluxes— thereby resulting in unidentified inaccurate parameter values—we argue that potential SIF biases should be treated cautiously in real‐world experiments in order to achieve realistic and reliable future simulations.
Psychosocial Need Analysis of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic pulmonary disease impacted on physical and psychosocial of the patients. However, to date, the goverment’s programs has not address the psychososial problem of the patients yet. The existing programs are still focused on the treatment and prevention of disease transmission This descriptive correlational study aims to analyze determinant factors related to the fulfillment of psychosocial needs of TB patients in the city of Cirebon. 171 pulmonary TB patients involved in this study were selected by consecutive sampling from 10 health centers in Cirebon. Instrumen used in this study was developed by the researchers. Before using the instrument, it was tested for validity and reliability. The results showed that there are three dominant factors associated with the patient satisfaction level to meet the needs of their psychosocial. These factors are the psychological conditions in the past week, duration of treatment and support services. Demographic factors have no influence on their satisfaction toward the fulfillment of their psychosocial needs. The study suggested that the government should provide support services in health centers so that pulmonary tuberculosis psychosocial needs can be met and drop out cases can be prevented.
Magnetotelluric responses of three‐dimensional conductive and magnetic anisotropic anomalies

A magnetotelluric finite‐element modelling algorithm is developed, which is capable of handling three‐dimensional conductive and magnetic anisotropic anomalies. Different from earlier three‐dimensional magnetotelluric anisotropic modelling methods, the algorithm we presented has taken the magnetic anisotropy into consideration. The variational equations are produced by the Galerkin method and the governing equations are solved using a hexahedral vector edge finite‐element method. The accuracy of this algorithm is firstly validated by comparing its solutions with the results of finite‐difference method for a three‐dimensional conductive arbitrary anisotropic model, and then validated by comparing with analytical solutions for a one‐dimensional magnetic model. The responses of four kinds of models under different conditions are studied, and some conclusions are obtained. It shows that for materials with a high magnetic permeability, its influence on magnetotelluric responses cannot be ignored in some circumstances. Especially, if the magnetic susceptibility is exceptionally high, it may really distort the apparent resistivities of lower resistive anomalies. These conclusions are also beneficial for magnetotelluric survey.
Relationship between Tropical Forest Distribution and Soils on Different Types of Mother Rocks in the Republic of Congo

The factors influencing the distribution of forests and their development are important in order to better understand the bio-functioning of tropicals ecosystems forests. The Republic of the Congo has an important forest area of 23.5 million ha subdivided into three large massifs with different forest units from the north until the south of the country. The present study proposes to highlight the relationship between the edaphic and pedological factors and the distribution of the floristic species of some tropical forests of the Congo. To achieve this aim, a principal component analysis (PCA) was to identify similarities or oppositions between variables and to locate the most correlated variables. Also, the indices of biodiversities were used to assess the biodiversity between forest plot and forest sites. A total of 238 species distributed in 46 families were counted. We noted a CS similarity between Mbomo-Kelle and FMU Mokabi-Dzanga of 50%. However, there was considerable variability between the forests of the Impfondo-Dongou axis and of the forest of other localities. The main component analysis carried out showed that the distribution of floristic species in the studied forests is determined by the edaphic factors.
A Critical Evaluation of Deep Blue Algorithm Derived AVHRR Aerosol Product Over China

The Deep Blue (DB) aerosol retrieval algorithm has recently been applied to Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data to produce a first version (V001) of a global aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data set. In this paper, we critically evaluate these AVHRR AOT data over China by comparison with ground‐based reference data from China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network for the period 2006–2011. The evaluation considers the impact of the surface (type and reflectance) and the aerosol properties (aerosol loading, aerosol absorption) on the quality of the retrieved AOT. We also compare the AVHRR‐retrieved AOT with that from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer over major aerosol source regions in China. We further consider seasonal variations and find, in general, a good agreement between AVHRR AOT and the reference data sets. The AVHRR retrieval algorithm performs well over dark vegetated surfaces, but over bright surfaces (e.g., desert regions) the results are less good. The AVHRR algorithm underestimates the AOT, with 32.1% of the values lower than the estimated error envelope of ±0.05 ± 0. 25τ. In particular over the desert, the AVHRR‐retrieved AOT is frequently underestimated and for AOT ≤ 0.6 the values are on average 0.05 too low due to the pixel filtering, and dust storms are missed. The comparison of the AVHRR AOT with MODIS collection 6 and CARSNET data indicates that improvements are needed for, for example, AVHRR calibration and cloud/aerosol flagging. The analysis presented in this paper contributes to a better understanding of the AVHRR AOT product over China.
Mechanical Ventilatory Support: What Every Anesthesia Provider Should Know

Respiratory failure is the leading cause for admission to most intensive care units (ICU’s). Providing mechanical ventilation is a core competency for every anesthesia provider, whether in the operating room or ICU. Mortality from respiratory failure continues to fall, in part due to the recognition that the technique of mechanical ventilation may result in propagation of injury. A number of recent advances have identified superior techniques for the management of patients with acute respiratory failure and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). In order for the clinician to develop an understanding of modern mechanical ventilation, this lecture will review new understanding of the pathophysiology of ventilator associated lung injury (VALI) and new techniques for the management of patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In addition, new data regarding support of postoperative respiratory failure is reviewed. New data regarding lung recruitment maneuvers is examined.
A CASE OF METASTASIS OF GASTRIC CANCER TO THE MAMMARY GLAND

A rare case of mammary gland metastasis of gastric cancer was experienced. A 36-year-old woman, who underwent total gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection for a gastric cancer (IIc-like advanced and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma) in 1985, was admitted to the hospital because of a left axillar tumor which was noticed in April and a retensive feeling of the left chest which appeared in July 1991. The skin of the left breast was thick like an orange peel. Mammography and ultrasonograpny revealed a thickness of the skin and no tumor shadow. Lymphadenopathy was seen in the left neck, left supraclavicular region, and the left axilla. Incisional biopsy of the left breast and cervical lymph node was performed. On the basis of characteristic features of the tumor cells and their arrangement, a diagnosis of metastatic gastric cancer was made. Bone scintigraphy showed multiple bone metastases. Despite immuno-chemotherapy, the patient died of carcinomatous pleuritis and lymphopathy of the lung 3 months after the manifestation of mammary gland metastasis. To the breast tumor, a possibility of metastasis must be considered in the diagnosis and treatment. We can speculate that vascular, or lymphatic, especially retrograde lymphatic route may be responsible for the metastasis.
Extreme thermal metamorphism associated with Gondwana assembly: Evidence from sapphirine-bearing granulites of Rajapalayam, southern India

The Madurai block is the largest composite crustal block in the Southern Granulite terrane of India, where granulite-facies rocks metamorphosed at ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) conditions occur in several localities. Here, we investigated UHT rocks from Rajapalayam, in the southern domain of the Southern Granulite terrane, using integrated thermobarometry and in situ monazite geochronology to precisely constrain the nature and timing of this extreme metamorphism and its implications for regional tectonics. Conventional thermobarometry and petrological phase equilibrium modeling reveal prograde pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions at 0.75–1.2 GPa and <900 °C, followed by peak/postpeak UHT metamorphism at 0.72–0.82 GPa and 1025–1050 °C, and retrograde reequilibration at 0.72–0.80 GPa and 875–895 °C. The granulites thus record a clockwise P-T path defining geothermal gradients of 1200–1500 °C/GPa at peak metamorphism, indicating the presence of an extreme thermal perturbation in the middle to lower continental crust. In situ monazite dating indicates prograde metamorphism at 607–585 Ma, peak metamorphism at 546–543 Ma, and retrograde cooling and exhumation at 539–483 Ma. As such, the entire tectonothermal cycle was complete within ∼120 m.y. , although temperatures exceeding 900 °C were likely sustained for at least 30 m.y. Such extreme thermal events preserved in geological terranes worldwide are commonly associated with lithospheric extension, although our data show that prolonged heating can occur during continental convergence instead, supporting inferences made by thermomechanical models. Thus, supercontinent formation may act as a driver for spatially distributed UHT tectonometamorphism, as shown by the episodic records in geological history. The age of peak metamorphism constrained here was synchronous with UHT metamorphism in other localities in the Southern Granulite terrane, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Antarctica, indicating their correlation with the final amalgamation of eastern Gondwana at ca. 550 Ma.
Plant biostimulant on the production of biomass and yield grain of soybean

Com o crescente interesse na busca de recursos alimentícios que possam substituir parcialmente o uso de concentrados na alimentação animal, o cultivo da soja para a produção de biomassa e grãos responde como uma alternativa para o setor pecuário. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar doses de fitoestimulante e períodos de corte para avaliar o ganho de fitomassa e a produção de grãos de soja na região do Agreste Meridional do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo, no município de Garanhuns, avaliando-se quatro doses do fitoestimulante (F1= 0,00; F2 = 3,75; F3 = 7,50 e F4 = 11,25 mL kg-1 de sementes) e quatro períodos de corte (C1= sem corte; C2 = 30 DAE; C3 = 35 DAE e C4 = 40 DAE). A massa seca das plantas foi aumentada com o corte mais tardiamente, o incremento nesse período foi verificado com a aplicação das maiores doses de fitoestimulante, contribuindo na elevação na altura, número de nós e biomassa verde. A dose de fitoestimulante de 7,5 mL kg-1 de semente e o período de corte de 40 dias após a emergência (DAE) são os mais indicados para forragem, por proporcionar maior ganho de biomassa. O corte realizado aos 30 dias associado a dose do fitoestimulante de 4,36 mL kg-1 de sementes proporciona uma maior produção de grãos de rebrota.
Genetic characterization of jute mallow (corchorus spp.): a traditional African vegetable

Jute mallow (Corchorus spp.) is a very nutritious traditional leafy vegetable. Its leaves contain an average of 15% dry matter,4.8 g of protein, 259 mg of calcium, 4.5 mg of iron, 4.7 mg of vitamin A, 92 μg of folate, 1.5 mg of nicotinamide and 105 mg of ascorbic acid per 100g of leaves. In spite of its nutritional importance, cultivation of Jute mallow is limited due to lack of scientific information with regard to available cultivars and their adaptation to specific environments. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and evaluate the accessions which are well adapted to specific environment for leaf and seeds production. Ninety accessions were evaluated in the field trial experiments for two growing seasons. ISSR and SSR markers were employed for molecular characterization as well as leaf and seed yield evaluation. The results showed significant (p<0.01) variability in accessions in all morphological traits. Traits such as plant height (r=0.448), petiole length (r=0.237), primary branches (r=0.319) and number of leaves per plant (r=0.333) were significantly (p<0.01) correlated with biomass yield. First five Principal components (PCs) with Eigen values ≥1 explained 72.9% of the total variability in the accessions. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into five major clusters mainly based on their origin. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 2-4 with an average of 2.63 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.278 in primer SSR17 to 0.78 in primer SSR24. Average Nei‘s gene diversity (h) and Shannon‘s information index (I) were 0.348 and 0.557, respectively. In ISSR markers a total of 85 bands were amplified and average polymorphic bands per primer was 2.75. PIC values ranged from 0.39 to 0.76 with average of 0.53. The highest Nei‘s pair wise genetic distance (0.431) was observed in East African accessions. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the accessions into five main clusters at genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53. In terms of leaf and seed yield, significant (p<0.01) differences among the accessions in all traits was observed. Leaf fresh weight ranged from 18.3g/plant to 121.3g/plant in accessions TOT 6747 and TOT 8532, respectively. Seed yield ranged from 1.0g/plant to 35.5g/plant in accessions TOT 7980 including eight others and TOT 7866, respectively. Evaluation of genetic diversity and the agronomic traits for leaf and seed yield in this germplasm has revealed useful information for breeders in their efforts to improve the yield as well as selection of accessions with good agronomic traits. It is recommended that detailed study to document ethnomenclacture, ethnobotanical uses, progress towards domestication and challenges faced by farmers be conducted.