Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sources of Error and Uncertainty in the Use of Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy to Measure Aerosol Optical Properties

The use of cavity ring down spectroscopy to retrieve aerosol complex refractive index from optical property measurements has seen increasing popularity over the past few years. However, few studies have looked at the limit which sources of error and uncertainty inherent in the cavity ring down method place on the accuracy with which the refractive index can be retrieved. In this paper, we consider both experimental sources of error and those which compromise the theoretical models against which measurements are compared, both reviewing previously published work and presenting new data. Our results show that for absolute measurements made using single-cavity instruments, factors such as uncertainty in the length of the ring down cavity occupied by aerosol and the counting efficiency of the CPC can introduce an error of ∼2.5% into the real part of the refractive index retrieved from experiment. This is significantly higher than the typical 1% error quoted in previously published work. We note that due to the dependence of particle extinction efficiency on diameter, the effect of a given error on measurements for different particle sizes is not constant.
RE-TRANSLOCATION OF SELENIUM DURING GENERATIVE GROWTH IN WHEAT

The effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) availability on the re-translocation of selenium (Se) in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) in a greenhouse experiment using 75Se labeled selenate was performed. Spring wheat was grown hydroponically and pulsed with 75selenate at growth stage Z1.4, Z 4.0, and grown in nutrient solutions having N/S ratios of 4, 7, 15, 25 and 35. Plants were separated into leaves, stem, ear and grains prior to 75Se Becquerel activity (Bq) measurements. The wheat plant 75Se activity varied from 72 to 702 Bq. Selenium and N application at heading maximized the plant Se re-translocation from leaf and stem to grains. High levels of N enhanced the re-translocation of 75Se while S inhibited this process. The S supply to the wheat plant should not be deficient due to decreased yield and thereby reduced total Se re-translocation, but the Se concentration of the single grains may be high.
Atmospheric depositional characteristics of beryllium 7 and lead 210 along the southeastern Virginia coast

Atmospheric depositional fluxes of {sup 7}Be and {sup 210}Pb were measured simultaneously in wet-only and bulk deposition over a 29-month period (October 1982 through February 1985) in Norfolk, Virginia (36{degree}53{prime}N, 76{degree}18{prime}W). Total precipitation accumulation during 1983 and 1984 was 134 and 129 cm, respectively, slightly above the normal yearly accumulation. The volume-weighted average concentrations of {sup 7}Be in bulk deposition for 1983 and 1984 were 90 and 100 dpm/L, while those for {sup 210}Pb were 5.9 and 6.6 dpm/L, respectively. The annual depositional fluxes of {sup 7}Be and {sup 210}Pb in bulk deposition in 1983 and 1984 were 12.0 and 12.9 dpm/cm{sup 2} (for {sup 7}Be) and 0.79 and 0.85 dpm/cm{sup 2} (for {sup 210}Pb), respectively. There was a high degree of correlation between {sup 7}Be and {sup 210}Pb concentrations in wet-only deposition. This was not aniticipated, considering that the sources of these two radionuclides are different. These results suggest that {sup 7}Be and {sup 210}Pb cannot be used as two independent tracers for materials originating in the stratosphere versus those from the troposphere. Dry depositional fluxes for both radionuclides, estimated from differences in the wet-only and bulk fluxes, were calculated to be a maximum of 12 and 11% ofmore » the bulk {sup 7}Be and {sup 210}Pb fluxes, respectively. On an annual average the washout ratio for {sup 7}Be in bulk deposition was 370, while that for {sup 210}Pb was 215. The annual average total deposition velocities for {sup 7}Be and {sup 210}Pb were estimated to be 1.3 and 0.7 cm/s, respectively. « less
Functional evidence of atypical β3‐adrenoceptors in the human colon using the β3‐selective adrenoceptor antagonist, SR 59230A

The role of β3‐adrenoceptors in human colonic circular smooth muscle was assessed in vitro by use of the β2‐selective antagonist SR 59230A. Isoprenaline, in the presence of the selective β‐adrenoceptor antagonists CGP 20712A (β1) and ICI 118551 (β2), both at 0.1 μ, concentration‐dependently relaxed the preparation (pEC50 = 5.22). This effect was potently and competitively antagonized by SR 59230A with a pA2 of 8.31, while its R,R enantiomer SR 59483A gave an apparent pKB of 6.21. Relaxation was likewise produced by CGP 12177A (pEC50 = 6.05), but not by BRL 37344. Although only one of these β3‐selective agonists was effective, the remarkably high potency of SR 59230A as a stereospecific antagonist of non‐β1 non‐β2 relaxation of human colonic muscle by isoprenaline provides strong functional evidence of β3‐adrenoceptors in that tissue.
The fall of single liquid drops through water

The steady motion of single drops of ten organic liquids falling through a stationary water field is discussed. A correlation is presented for nine systems with the exception of the aniline-water system, in the form of a single curve relating the drag coefficient, Weber number, Reynolds number, and a physical property group. The curve can be used directly to predict the terminal velocity, drag coefficient, Reynolds number, and Weber number for any given equivalent drop size. A break point in the curve serves to predict the peak velocity and its related quantities. The critical drop size is predicted from the pertinent physical properties alone. All these estimations were accurate within 10% for the systems used. The interfacial tensions ranged from 24 to 45 dynes/cm. and the drop densities from 1.100 to 2.947g. /ml. , the latter resulting in a twentyfold range of density differences. The drop viscosities had no apparent effect.
THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED VEGETABLES AS INFLUENCED BY TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE CONTENT

Thermo-physical properties of selected vegetables (cassava, eggplant, ginger, green pepper, white radish and zucchini) were evaluated under different conditions of temperature (5 to 40C) and moisture content (30 to 94% wb). Test samples were equilibrated to a given temperature and moisture content prior to use. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity were measured using the line heat source probe and the differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. Depending on the state, temperature, moisture content and the type of vegetable, average heat capacity varied from 1.5 to 4 kJ/kgC, while the thermal conductivity varied from 0.08 to 0.60 W/mC. Heat capacity of the unfrozen vegetables was found to be approximately twice as much as values obtained for the frozen ones. Although both temperature and moisture affected the thermal conductivity, the latter had the greater influence. Generally, differences in measured data and responses to both temperature and moisture content were attributed to differences in structural characteristics and composition. Correlations were developed for estimating thermo-physical properties of several vegetables.
PENTINGNYA HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS BAGI MAHASISWA BIDANG TEKSTIL DAN BUSANA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI KREATIF MENUJU MEA 2015

Pencanangan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) tahun 2015 sudah mulai disosialisasikan. Hal ini menandakan bahwa ASEAN akan menjadi pasar tunggal dan berbasis produksi tunggal dimana akan terjadi arus barang, jasa, investasi, serta tenaga kerja terdidik dan terampil yang bebas, serta arus modal yang lebih bebas diantara Negara ASEAN. Mengingat hal ini maka seluruh masyarakat di lingkup ASEAN termasuk Indonesia harus siap menghadapi segala kemungkinan tersebut dengan cara meningkatkan pangsa pasar di kawasan ASEAN. Peningkatan pangsa pasar di kawasan ASEAN ini dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan ekonomi kreatif Indonesia, salah satunya adalah ekonomi kreatif bidang fesyen. Pengembangan ekonomi kreatif bidang fesyen di era kreativitas perlu didukung oleh pola pikir kritis dan kreatif para pelakunya. Pola pikir kritis dan kreatif ini akan membantu mencapai kemampuan berpikir high concept dan high touch. Pola pikir kritis dan kreatif ini akan dapat dicapai manakala si pelaku memiliki kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (higher order thinking skills = HOTS). Terkait hal ini, maka mahasiswa bidang tekstil dan busana (fesyen) sebagai salah satu elemen pelaku yang sangat penting dalam pengembangan ekonomi kreatif ke depan perlu dibekali dengan HOTS agar dapat ikut berkiprah dalam pengembangan ekonomi kreatif bidang fesyen memasuki MEA 2015. Kata Kunci:Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), Mahasiswa bidang Tekstil dan Busana, Ekonomi Kreatif, MEA 2015.
Komplexchemie P‐reicher Phosphane und Silylphosphane. XII. Bildung und Struktur von Li(THF)2[η2‐(tBu2P)2P], Li(TMEDA)[η2‐(tBu2P)2P], Li(THF)2[η2‐(iPr2P)2P], Li(THF)2[η2‐(Et2N)2PPPtBu2], Li(THF)2[η2‐(tBu2PPPiPr2] und (tBu2P)2PSiMe3

Es wird uber die Verbindungen (tBu2P)2PSiMe31, Li(THF)2[η2-(tBu2P)2P] 2, Li(TMEDA) · [η2-(tBu2P)2P] 3, Li(THF)2[η2-(iPr2P)2P] 4, Li(THF)2[η2-(Et2N)2PPPtBu2] 5 und Li(THF)2[η2-(tBu2PPPiPr2)] 6 berichtet. Letztere bilden sich durch Umsetzung der entsprechenden silylierten Triphosphane mit nBuLi: 2 und 3 aus (tBu2P)2PSiMe31, 4 aus (iPr2P)2PSiMe3, 5 aus (Et2N)2P · (SiMe3)PtBu2, 6 aus tBu2PP(SiMe3)PiPr2. 1 kristallisiert orthorhombisch in P212121 (Nr. 19) mit a = 910,87(7) pm, b = 1132,5(1) pm, c = 2373,5(2) pm (bei 90 K bestimmt). Die Strukturbestimmung von 2 erfolgte bei 293 K und 200 K. 2 kristallisiert monoklin in P21/n (Nr. 14) mit a = 1069,7(3) pm, b = 1802,5(3) pm, c = 1604,0(7) pm, β = 98,11(2)° (200 K), 3 ebenfalls in P21/n (Nr. 14) mit a = 904,3(2) pm, b = 1936,4(5) pm, c = 1653,2(3) pm, β = 94,52(1)° (200 K). 4 kristallisiert monoklin in C2/c (Nr. 15) mit a = 1650,0(5) pm, b = 945,6(3) pm, c = 1779,8(5) pm, β = 108,81(2)° (200K), 5 in P21/n (Nr. 14) mit a = 939,4(5) pm, b = 1736,8(6) pm, c = 1943,3(7) pm, β = 98,17(4)° (200 K). Alle funf Verbindungen enthalten jeweils vier Formeleinheiten in der Elementarzelle. Es wird uber die Untersuchung der 1H-, 31P- und 7Li-NMR-Spektren der Verbindungen 2–6 berichtet. Formation and Structure of Li(THF)2[η2-(tBu2P)2P], Li(TMEDA)[η2-(tBu2P)2P], Li(THF)2[η2-(iPr2P)2P], Li(THF)2[η2-(Et2N)2PPPtBu2], Li(THF)2[η2-(tBu2PPPiPr2] and (tBu2P)2PSiMe3 The formation and crystal structures of the compounds (tBu2P)2PSiMe31, Li(THF)2[η2-(tBu2P)2P] 2, Li(TMEDA)[η2-(tBu2P)2P] 3, Li(THF)2[η2-(iPr2P)2P] 4, Li(THF)2[η2-(Et2N)2PPPtBu2] 5 and Li(THF)2[η2-(tBu2PPPiPr2)] 6 are reported. Compounds 3–6 are formed by reacting the corresponding silylated triphosphanes with nBuLi: 2 and 3 result from (tBu2P)2PSiMe31, 4 from (iPrP)2PSiMe3, 5 from (Et2N)2PP(SiMe3)PtBu2 and 6 from tBu2PP(SiMe3)PiPr2. 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 (no. 19) with a = 910.87(7) pm, b = 1132.5(1) pm, c = 2373.5(2) pm (determined at 90 K). The structure determination of 2 was performed at 293 K and 200 K, respectively. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (no. 14) with a = 1069.7(3) pm, b = 1802.5(3) pm, c = 1604.0(7) pm, β = 98.11(2)° (200 K); 3 also in P21/n (no. 14) with a = 904.3(2) pm, b = 1936.4(5) pm, c = 1653.2(3) pm, β = 94.52(1)° (200 K). 4 crystallizes monoclinically in C2/c (no. 15) with a = 1650.0(5) pm, b = 945.6(3) pm, c = 1779.8(5) pm, β = 108.81(2)° (200 K); 5 in P21/n (no. 14) with a = 939.4(5) pm, b = 1736.8(6) pm, c = 1943.3(7) pm, β = 98.17(4)° (200 K). All compounds contain Z = 4 molecules in the unit cell. The 1H, 31P and 7Li NMR spectra of 2–6 are discussed.
Mixed regular stack charge–transfer crystals: Fundamental microscopic parameters from optical spectra

Diagrammatic valence bond calculations are applied to the study of the charge–transfer (CT) excitation spectrum and of the electron–molecular vibration (emv) coupling in mixed regular stack CT crystals. The intersite electrostatic interactions are treated by both mean‐field and unscreened point–charge potential approaches, obtaining quite similar results. The evaluation of microscopic parameters through optical spectra is critically discussed, and a new method is proposed to estimate the parameters relevant to the long‐range Coulomb interaction from the analysis of the emv perturbation on the Raman spectra.
Relationship between total organic carbon and oxidizable carbon in calcareous soils

Abstract The oxidable carbon content of 46 calcareous soils from the South‐East of Spain was determined by the Walkley and Black method and compared with the total organic carbon (C) content obtained by an automatic microanalysis method. The results were fitted to linear, curvilinear, and exponential equations which permit the conversion of the oxidable C values into those of total organic C when no direct means of analysis of the latter is available. A conversion factor of 1.26 is recommended.
Equilibrium Isotherm Equations to Represent Moisture Sorption on Starch

Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Harkins and Jura, Halsey, Smith, Henderson, and Chung and Pfost equations were used to fit experimental moisture sorption data at 20°C for kudzu, sweet potato, corn, potato, rice, wheat, and snake gourd starches. Goodness of fit (from calculated average residue), standard deviation, and standard error and range of water activity indicated Henderson and Chung and Pfost equations fitted the data well over a wide aw range to 0.85. The large value of constants in Henderson and Chung and Pfost equations indicated stability of the microporous structure to moisture sorption. For larger constants, the microporous structures were more stable.
The effect of temperature, pressure, and excitation wavelength on the photoluminescence of acetaldehyde vapour

A study of the effect of acetaldehyde, trans-butene-2, and isobutane pressure on the fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions from acetaldehyde vapour has been made. The results have been interpreted in terms of electronically excited singlet and triplet states, in the behaviour of which vibrational energy content plays a crucial role. The extent to which the initially formed excited state undergoes predissociation, or is collisionally deactivated, has been examined from 254 to 340 nm between 20 and 99°C. At the longer excitation wavelengths the effect of pressure on emission yields indicates that collisional deactivation to the vibrationally equilibrated levels of the excited singlet state followed by intersystem crossing to the triplet state is the predominant mode for energy dissipation. At shorter excitation wavelengths predissociation becomes of increasing importance. Collisional deactivation of excited singlet acetaldehyde molecules by acetaldehyde and trans-butene-2 occurs by a single stage mechanism, in contrast to isobutane, and the possibility of complex formation is discussed. Relative rates for collisional deactivation by butene-2 and acetaldehyde of vibrationally excited acetaldehyde molecules in the first excited singlet state have been determined and shown to vary as a function of excitation wavelength.
CH4 production potential in a paddy soil exposed to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

Abstract An anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to investigate methane (CH4) production potential in soil samples collected from a paddy field after exposure to free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE). The FACE experiment with two CO2 levels, ambient and ambient + 200 p.p.m.v CO2 during the rice growing season, was conducted at Shizukuishi, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The soil was a wet Andosol. Soil samples were taken from the surface (0–1 cm) and the sub-surface (1–10 cm) soil layers 2 months after rice harvest. Sub-samples of the fresh soils were put into glass bottles and submerged under N2 gas headspace during the incubation. The results showed that, prior to incubation, the contents of total C and dissolved organic C (DOC) were significantly greater in FACE soil than ambient soil. During the incubation, CH4 production potential was approximately 2–4-fold higher in FACE soil than ambient soil and approximately 500–1,000-fold greater in surface soil than sub-surface soil. In general, the FACE soil contained more DOC than ambient soil, particularly in the surface soil layer. These findings suggest that FACE treatment exerted long-term positive effects on CH4 production and increased organic C content in this paddy soil, particularly in the surface soil layer.
Phase Equilibria in the Alkali Fluoride-Uranium Tetrafluoride Fused Salt Systems: II, The Systems KF-UF4 and RbF-UF4

Mixtures of alkali fluorides with uranium tetra-fluoride are of potential importance in molten-salt reactors and in the reprocessing of nuclear fuels. In this paper detailed phase diagrams are presented for the binary systems KF-UF4 and RbF-UF4. Data for the determination of phase boundaries were obtained in large part by quenching after equilibration. Thermal analysis and visual observation were used as supplementary methods. Phase identifications were made by X-ray powder diffraction and by optical microscopy. In the system KF-UF4 four compounds have been identified. Two of these, 3KF.UF4 and 7KF.6UF4, melt congruently at 957°C. and at 789°C. , respectively. The compound 2KF UF4 melts incongruently to 3KF.UF4 and liquid at 755° C. , and the compound KF.2UF4 melts incongruently to UF4 and liquid at 765° C. There are three eutectic points in the system: 15.0 mole % UF4, 735° C. ; 38.5 mole % UF4, 740° C. ; and 54.5 mole % UF4, 735° C. The compound 2KF.UF4 decomposes during cooling to 3KF.UF4 and 7KF 6UF4 at 608° C. Two other compounds, KF 3UF4 and KF.6UF4, have been described by another investigator. One of these, KF 3UF4, was not obtained at all in the present investigation. The other, KF.6UF4, was not obtained under equilibrium conditions and was found only in KF-UF4 mixtures that had been exposed to the atmosphere while molten. Seven solid compounds are present in the system RbF-UF4. All of these melt incongruently with the exception of 3RbF.UF4 and RbF-UF4, which melt at 995° C. and at 735° C. , respectively. The incongruently melting compounds and their melting points, peritectic compositions, and melting products are: 2RbF UF4, 818°C. , 38 mole % UF4, 3RbF -UF4+ liquid; 7RbF.6UF4, 693° C. , 44 mole % UF4, RbF.UF4+ liquid; 2RbF.3UF4, 722° C. , 56.5 mole % UF4, RbF.3UF4+ liquid; RbF. -3UF4, 73O°C. , 57 mole % UF4, RbF.6UF4+ liquid; and RbF.6UF4, 832°C. , 70.5 mole % UF4, UF4+ liquid. The three eutectic temperatures and compositions in the system are: 10.0 mole % UF4, 710°C. ; 43.5 mole % UF4, 675°C. ; and 55.0 mole % UF4, 714°C.
Rapid Synthesis of Mesoporous Molecular Sieve SBA-15 by Different Techniques with Microwave Assistance

Mesoporous molecular sieves SBA-15 were prepared by using two different procedures taken from the scientific literature. In the first procedure, a hydrogel was prepared with the molar composition: 1.0 TEOS: 0017 P123: 5.7 HCl: 193 H2O with stirring at 35 °C. In the second procedure a hydrogel was prepared with the molar composition: 1.0 TEOS: 0017 P123: 8.14 HCl: 168 H2O with stirring at room temperature. In both procedures the samples were synthesized in a microwave. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis of XRD and nitrogen adsorption-desorption showed that the samples prepared with stirring at 35°C presented a higher ordering degree, an increase of crystallinity and larger volume of adsorbed nitrogen. The differential thermal analysis reveals that the SBA-15 presented high thermal stability, and the SEM revealed fiber type morphology consistent with this type of material.
Storage stability of a high dietary fibre powder from orange by‐products

Summary The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of storage time and conditions on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of a high dietary fibre powder (HDFP). HDFP for this study was manufactured from orange juice industry by-products. The storage period was 11 months and samples were stored under vacuum or air exposure and under dark or light exposure. The HDFP is a stable product (based on chemical, microbiological and physicochemical properties) with large amounts of dietary fibre (71.62 ± 0.24 g 100 g−1 dry sample) and polyphenols content (40.67 ± 0.45 mg g−1 dry sample). Hesperidin is the major compound identified in HDFP (higher than 50% of total phenolic compounds). The packaging material used protects the HDFP only up to 6 months. After this time, the increase in moisture content decreases the quality of the product. The best storage conditions are packaging under vacuum and darkness. Both conditions preserve the colour of the fibres probably by means of avoiding pigment degradation.
Effect of mist, irrigation and plant density levels on rutin content of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.).

To determine the effects of some environmental factors on rutin content of common buckwheat, an experiment was conducted in split-split-plot, based on RCBD design with three replications. The relative humidity (mist and non-mist treatments), irrigation (20 and 40 mm/m2 treatments) and plant density (33.3 and 100 plants/m 2 series) were performed. Results showed that the rutin content was significantly affected by single and interaction effects of the factors studied at the 0.01 level of probability, so that, in the case of rutin content, mist and irrigation of 20 mm/m 2 and 100 plant/m 2 treatments showed high concentration. The greatest content of rutin was obtained from treatments comprising non-mist, 20 mm/m 2 water irrigation and 100 plants/m 2
Negative thermal expansion and compressibility of Sc1–xYxF3 (x≤0.25)

Scandium fluoride displays isotropic negative thermal expansion (NTE) from at least 10 to 1100 K and retains a cubic ReO3-type structure over this range; the NTE is most pronounced at low temperatures. Control of thermal expansion was explored by forming Sc1–xYxF3 (x≤0.25), which were characterized with synchrotron powder diffraction at ambient pressure from 100 to 800 K. The behavior of the solid solutions under pressure (≤0.276 GPa) was also examined while heating from 298 to 523 K. Insertion of the relatively large Y3+ ion into ScF3 results in a cubic-to-rhombohedral phase transition upon cooling from ambient temperature to 100 K, even at low substitution levels (5%). The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the solid solutions in the rhombohedral phase is strongly dependent on both composition and temperature; however, above 400 K, where all samples are cubic, the CTE appears to be largely independent of composition. The isothermal bulk modulus and CTE of ScF3, but not those of the solid solution.
Electroanalytical Characteristics of Lercanidipine and its Voltammetric Determination in Pharmaceuticals and Human Serum on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

The electrooxidative behavior and determination of lercanidipine (LRC) were investigated in aqueous acetonitrile medium at a boron-doped diamond electrode using voltammetric techniques. The LRC in selected supporting electrolyte presents a well-defined anodic response at 0.944 V, studied by the proposed method. The linear response was obtained in the ranges of 4 × 10−6 to 2 × 10−4 mmol L−1 range in 0.5 mmol L−1 sulfuric acid supporting electrolyte and 1 × 10−5 to 8 × 10−5 mmol L−1 range in spiked serum sample for square wave voltammetric technique. No electroactive interferences from the excipients and endogenous substances were found in the pharmaceutical dosage form and in the biological sample, respectively.