Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Restrictions Imposed on T Lymphocyte Reactivities by the Major Histocompatibility Complex: Implications for T Cell Repertoire Selection

complete Freund's adjuvant cyclophosphamide 2, 4-dinitro-l-fIuorobenzene delayed-type hypersensitivity fowl gamma globulin terpolymer L-glutamic acidso-L-alanineso-L-tyrosineio immunoglobulin intraperitoneal ly 5-(i26i)iodo-2'-deoxyuridine . keyhole limpet hemocyanin isoenzyme B of lactic dehydrogenasc low responder ratio of radioactivity of left to right car major histocompatibility complex macrophages responders standard errors cytotoxic T cells T cells involved in DTH helper T cells suppressor T cells poly-L-(Ty r.G I u)-poly-D,L-Ala—poly-L-Lys 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl
Changes in Cell Ca 2+ Distribution in Loquat Leaves and Its Effects on Cold Tolerance

Calcium has been associated with improved cold tolerance in many crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in leaf cell Ca 2+ distribution and cell organelle ultrastructure of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) plants in response to cold stress at -3℃, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two loquat accessions, Zaozhong 6 (a commercial cultivar) and oakleaf loquat (a wild relative) were used. Cold tolerance, as measured by leaf browning rate, was higher in oakleaf plants, and calcium treatment improved cold tolerance in both species. Cold stress first induced inward transport of Ca 2+ from the intracellular space. Then, the imported Ca 2+ was aggregated around the chloroplast membrane, finally entering the chloroplast. This pattern of Ca 2+ distribution in leaf cells occurred earlier in Zaozhong 6 than in the wild loquat. With increasing time of cold exposure, the chloroplast membranes of Zaozhong 6 leaves were damaged, blurred and even disappeared, while those of wild oakleaf loquat leaves maintained their structure longer. In Zaozhong 6, cold stress induced a clear cavity between poorly structured granal thylakoids and vesicles appearing inside the chloroplast, while in oakleaf leaves cold stress had little effect on the ultrastructure of chloroplasts (although chloroplast membranes looked blurred). Loquat leaves accumulated free calcium ions around chloroplasts in response to cold stress, with earlier calcium accumulation occurring in the cold-sensitive cultivar Zaozhong 6 than in wild oakleaf loquat. These results demonstrate that these two loquat species have differences in both cold tolerance and calcium accumulation dynamics.
Effects of Casein Hydrolysate on the Systolic Blood Pressure and Serum Lipid Profiles in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The effects of casein hydrolysate on blood pressure (BP) and serum lipid profiles were investigated in spontaneouslyhypertensive rats (SHR). Twenty-four 6-wk old male SHRs were assigned to 3 groups in a completely randomized design.Experimental groups were as follow: control, market milk group (MLG) and casein hydrolysate group (CHG). Referenceblood pressure (RBP) showed average 198.94±1.46 mmHg. Blood pressure (BP) of CHG reduced 24 mmHg after 2 wk oftreatment, but these increased after 3 wk. BP of CHG was significantly lower than BP of Control in experimental time(p<0.05). Serum lipid profiles were not differ significantly among groups ( p<0.05). These data suggest that casein hydroly-sate may beneficially improvement of blood pressure level in SHR.Key words: casein hydrolysate, blood pressure, serum lipid, spontaneously hypertensive rat
Effects of postharvest handling conditions and cooking on anthocyanin, lycopene, and glucosinolate content and bioavailability in fruits and vegetables

Abstract The parameters for maintaining visual and nutritional quality in fruits and vegetables after harvest are well understood, with low temperature maintenance being of paramount importance. Recently, much attention has been focused on the phytochemicals contained within fruits and vegetables that may help prevent the onset of certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. At this early stage in our knowledge of the bioefficacy of phytochemicals, it appears the most important are flavonoids, including anthocyanins and flavonols, carotenoids, including lycopene, and sulfur‐containing compounds such as glucosinolates and cysteine sulfoxides. Relatively little is known, however, of the effects of commonly used postharvest handling procedures designed to maintain quality, such as temperature, relative humidity, storage under controlled atmospheres (CA) or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and processing on phytochemical content. This review looks at the effect of postharvest conditions on these three classes of phytochemicals. In addition, the significant, and sometimes neglected effects of cooking on phytochemical content and bioavailability are considered. In most instances, conditions that contribute to loss of cellular integrity caused a decline in phytochemical content, but there are important exceptions where processing and/or cooking increased the availability of phytochemicals.
Phylogeny of the mud worm genus Marenzelleria (Polychaeta, Spionidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

The taxonomy of the cryptic morphospecies of the mud worm genus Marenzelleria is particularly difficult and the phylogenetic relationship within the genus is unknown. Herein we reconstructed the phylogeny of all five species of this genus using sequence data of three mitochondrial genes (16SrDNA, cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase subunit I) from 104 specimens out of 26 populations. For the three invasive species of the genus, Marenzelleria neglecta, M. viridis and M. arctia, individuals from native populations as well as from recently invaded populations were included. Nuclear 18S rDNA sequences were used to evaluate the appropriate outgroup taxon among several spionid polychaete species. The results supported the monophyly of Marenzelleria, and Malacoceros fuliginosus was found to be a suitable outgroup for the analysis of the mitochondrial gene segments. All phylogenetic reconstructions revealed a basal position of M. arctia and M. wireni, which have primarily Arctic distribution, with M. arctia obtaining the most basal position. Together with the present‐day distribution of the species, this indicates an origin of the genus in the Arctic region. The relationship of the species M. neglecta, M. viridis and M. bastropi could not be resolved sufficiently due to genealogical discordance that might reflect relatively young cladogenetic events.
Concentrations of hesperidin and other orange peel flavonoids in citrus processing byproducts

The concentrations of flavonoids were measured in the peel of different orange (Citrus sinensis L.) varieties and compared to the distributions of flavonoids in the byproducts of orange processing. While the flavanone glycoside hesperidin was the main flavonoid in peel, precipitation of this compound during processing resulted in dramatic losses in hesperidin in filtered peel juice and filtered molasses. Yet, hesperidin occurred at very high levels in dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of unfiltered molasses (5718 ppm) and in the centrifuged insoluble solids of orange peel molasses (65 642 ppm). The polymethoxylated flavone aglycons were the only flavonoids in cold-pressed orange peel oil. These compounds also occurred in high concentrations in light-density oil solids and in commercial wax isolated from the cold-pressed peel oil. Thus, the different citrus peel byproducts are selectively enriched with high concentrations of different groups of flavonoid compounds. Keywords: Citrus sinensis; bioflavonoids; orang.
Black Leaf Streak Disease in Martinique

Présente dans la plupart des zones de production bananière, la Maladie des Raies Noires également appelée cercosporiose noire, constitue une des contraintes phytosanitaires les plus fortes avec une virulence et un spectre d’action beaucoup plus large que la Maladie de Sigatoka, dite cercosporiose jaune. Restaient quelques bastions épargnés par cette maladie tant redoutée, dont faisaient parties les petites Antilles. Ces bastions sont entrain de tomber un par un.
Escarabeíneos copro-necrófagos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) de fragmentos de Mata Atlântica em Silveira Martins, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The fauna of Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was sampled using pitfall traps baited with human excrement and rotten fish in forest fragments in Silveira Martins, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from November 2010 to January 2011. A total of 1,611 individuals were sampled, belonging to six tribes, 11 genera and 28 species. The most abundant species were Canthon latipes Blanchard, 1845 (49.9%), C. chalybaeus Blanchard, 1845 (13.9%), Deltochilum sculpturatum Felsche, 1907 (4.9%), and Eurysternus caribaeus (Herbst, 1789) (4.3%), which accounted for 73% of the total individuals captured. Traps baited with human excrement captured a higher number of species than those baited with rotten fish. There was no statistically significant difference between the kinds of baits used in relation to the abundance of Scarabaeinae. Most of Scarabaeinae species was represented by generalist feeding habits and tunneler behavior. The community sampled follows the general patterns of trophic and behavioral structure of Scarabaeinae found throughout the Neotropical region.
Genotypic Variation for Three Physiological Traits Affecting Drought Tolerance in Soybean

Three physiological traits that may affect performance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] when soil water availability is limiting are (i) water use efficiency (WUE), (ii) regulation of whole plant water use in response to soil water content, and (iii) leaf epidermal conductance (ge) when stomata are closed. Six soybean plant introductions (PIs), eight breeding lines derived from them, and nine cultivars were compared for variability in these three traits during vegetative growth in two greenhouse studies. In the first experiment, whole plant water use, normalized both to plant size and evaporative demand (the normalized transpiration ratio, NTR), was monitored during a 10-d cycle of gradually increasing drought stress and then for an additional 2 d following rewatering. The critical soil water content at which each plant began to reduce its water use (FTSWC), was determined. The WUE was estimated as the ratio of total plant dry weight to total water used. In the second experiment, ge was determined for these same 23 genotypes by measuring leaf water vapor exchange after a 36-h dark adaptation. Substantial variation was found among genotypes for WUE, FTSWC, ge, and also the extent to which NTR recovered on rewatering. Generally, adapted cultivars had greater WUE and lower ge than did PIs. However, PI 471938 and its progeny N98-7264 were clear exceptions to this trend. An unexpected finding was that WUE was significantly negatively correlated with ge across genotypes.
Transgenic Dry Bean Tolerant to the Herbicide Glufosinate Ammonium

The bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (Jansen) Labeda & Lyons encodes phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT), which confers tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. In Brazil, the productivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (dry bean) has been declining in some regions. One of most limiting factors is weed competition. This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of obtaining transgenic bean plants resistant to glufosinate ammonium, which would facilitate weed control during the summer season. The biolistic process was used to insert this gene into dry bean, and the integration was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Two transgenic events, PHV119 and PHV122 were tolerant to 500 g ha -1 of glufosinate ammonium under green house conditions, with no visible symptoms and developmental growth comparable to nontransgenic P. vulgaris. Field evaluation carried out with the PHV119 event has shown that the plants tolerated up to 400 g GA ha -1 , with no visible symptoms. Inheritance studies showed that the transgenes segregated in a Mendelian fashion.
The physiology and biochemistry of zooxanthellae symbiotic with marine coelenterates. II. liberation of fixed 14C by zooxanthellae in vitro

Freshly isolated zooxanthellae from a wide range of marine coelenterates liberated soluble organic 14C to the medium when incubated in the light in NaH14CO3 for 30 to 120 min. Most algae released [14C]glycerol as the major extracellular product. Other 14C-labelled compounds liberated were alanine, glucose, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid and two other unidentified organic acids. Evidence provided demonstrates that extracellular products are not produced as a result of lysis of the algae.
Glacial refugia of mammals in Europe: evidence from fossil records

1Glacial refugia were core areas for the survival of temperate species during unfavourable environmental conditions and were the sources of postglacial recolonizations. Unfortunately, the locations of glacial refugia of animals and plants are usually described by models, without reference to facts about real geographical ranges at that time. 2Careful consideration of the faunal assemblages of archaeological sites from the Younger Palaeolithic, which are precisely dated to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), gives indications about the distribution of species during the LGM (23 000–16 000 bp) and provides evidence for the locations of glacial refugia for mammalian species in Europe. 3In Europe, 47 LGM sites, dating from 23 000 to 16 000 bp and containing typical temperate mammal species, have been described. The geographical range of these archaeological sites clearly shows a distribution which differs from the hypothesized traditional refuge areas of the temperate fauna. A considerable number of sites situated in the Dordogne in south-western France and the Carpathian region contain records of red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus, wild boar Sus scrofa and red fox Vulpes vulpes. 4The faunal composition of the majority of the evaluated Palaeolithic sites in the southern European peninsulas (with the exception of Greece), as well as France and the Carpathian region, indicates the co-occurrence of these temperate species with cold-adapted faunal elements such as mammoth Mammuthus primigenius and/or reindeer Rangifer tarandus. 5The survival of species in Central European refugia would have significant consequences for phylogeography and would be revealed by the dominant distribution of haplotypes, originating from this region. A Carpathian refuge could also be the reason for the very early records of small mammals or mustelids from the Late-Glacial or Interstadials before the LGM in regions like southern Germany.
Geographic patterns of genetic variation in Cordyline australis; does fingerprinting recover phenotypic and phenological patterns?

Abstract The genetic variation of 28 populations of Cordyline australis (cabbage tree, tī kōuka) grown from wild-collected seed from across New Zealand was assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). There was strong geographical structure in the data, with the main differentiation being between plants from the northern North Island and those from the central North Island and further south; a split that was not concurrent with any obvious physical barriers. Further smaller genetic divisions were evident in the data, with eight groups found across the range of C. australis, while genetic variation was found to decrease markedly with latitude. We compare the patterns of genetic variation with earlier studies looking at morphological variation across the range of C. australis, as well as the relative survival of plants from different latitudes in three common garden replicates.
Accuracy using xylometry of log volume estimates for two tree species in Turkey

Abstract Water displacement (xylometry) was used to determine true volumes of 28 logs from Cilicica fir (Abies cilicica Carr.) and Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) trees ranging from 15 to 52 cm in diameter at breast height. Three methods were used with xylometry, measuring the increase in water level, the increase in weight of the xylometer or the decrease in weight of the object, and converting weight change to change in water volume. Traditional formulae (Huber, Smalian and Newton) and some recent methods and formulae (Bruce, overlapping bolts, Patterson–Doruska, the centroid and center of gravity) were used to estimate these volumes and the results were compared with the true values for both accuracy and precision. Comparison of these eight procedures for predicting log volumes of the two species tested showed that the centroid and center of gravity methods were less biased and provided better precision than other formulae and methods for estimating log volumes.
Fluctuations in Trout Populations and Their Implications for Land-Use Evaluation

Abstract We describe the magnitude of fluctuations in trout populations in several widely separated streams in the intermountain region of the western United States, and consider the potential effect of such fluctuations on land-management planning. Trout populations included native and exotic species, self-reproducing and hatchery-maintained populations, and assemblages that ranged from monospecific to diverse. Annual fluctuations in population statistics were generally large, and some fluctuations were related to geographic setting and trout species. For individual species, fluctuations in all statistics were typically less in the Rocky Mountain study areas than in the Great Basin, but, for the total salmonid community, the situation was reversed. Numerical population fluctuations frequently did not parallel fluctuations in biomass. Except in cases of irregular occurrence, populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, particularly those in Rocky Mountain study areas, were numerically the most stable.
The effects of components of body weight on reproductive efficiency in the Merino ewe

SUMMARY Groups of mature Merino ewes selected on the basis of either large or small bodysize were differentially fed during a pre-experimental period to produce subgroups of high and low body condition. These levels of body condition were maintained for 2 weeks before mating and for the first 5 weeks of gestation. Thereafter, the four subgroups grazed together until lambing. Big ewes had more multiple ovulations than small ewes (14/41 υ 6/53; P < 0·01), and there was a significant linear regression of ovulation rate on body size. Body condition was positively related to the incidence of multiple ovulations, but the regression of ovulation rate on body condition at mating failed to reach significance. Body weight was significantly related to both ovulation rate and the incidence of multiple ovulations, and proved to be a more effective predictor of ovulation rate than either body size or condition. These results make it clear that size and condition, the two components of body weight, each have a considerable independent influence on some aspects of reproduction, and that the precision of some experiments and the effectiveness of some production routines could be improved by considering them separately.
Is value creation consistent with currency hedging?

This paper analyzes value creation through currency hedging in the Spanish market. The results show that the hedging with derivatives generated an average premium of 1.53% and that foreign currency debt generated 7.52%, with respect to company value approximated by Tobin's Q, while operational hedging does not affect company value. Moreover, in half of the observations corresponding to companies that hedged with derivatives, the value premium was between 0.08% and 0.99%. In the case of foreign currency debt, the range was between 1.79% and 10.37%. It demonstrates that the contribution of currency hedging to company value fluctuates considerable according to the volume of financial hedging. Thus, an empirical study of this aspect which only analyses the decision to hedge through dummy variables to define financial hedging, as empirical previous studies, can lead to biased results in terms of estimated premium amounts, because it assumes a homogenous treatment of companies regardless of hedging volumes.
The under-exploration issue in territorial networks: the moderating effect of the involvement of supporting organisations

The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the effect of social networks on innovation through the analysis of territorial systems of firms. Although industrial districts enjoy a number of advantages, they also present some relevant limitations. We have labelled the difficulties that have been identified as the exploring concern. However, periphery actors, such as supporting organisations, playing the role of intermediary agents allow districts to escape from exploring restrictions, since they can monitor what is happening outside the district and, in consequence, the involvement of supporting organisations has a positive effect on innovation. The study reported in this paper is based on a sample of 154 manufacturing firms that belong to industrial districts in the Valencia Region (Spain). Findings support the positive association between local institution involvement and innovation of companies.
Bisoniana 102. The influence of rut and environmental factors on the behaviour of wood bison

Male and female wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads, 1897) were found to devote equivalent amounts of time to basic activities. Increased standing at the expense of feeding occurred during the rut and when the abundance of black flies (Simuliidae) was high. Weather had little effect on activity during the summer and fall study period. Results presented give some support to the suggestion that, in contrast to plains bison (Bison bison bison Linnaeus, 1758), there may be a trend away from a linear domonance hierarchy in male wood bison. Any such trend would be a function of small group size during the rut, which is suggested to be a function of the use of forest for feeding during the fall.
Do rivers function as corridors for plant dispersal

We evaluated the importance of dispersal for species frequencies and distribution by comparing dispersal properties of vascular plant species with their frequencies along river banks. We assumed that species with long-floating seeds would be more frequent than species with short-floating seeds. We compiled data on frequencies of vascular plants and their dispersal properties from ten rivers in northern Sweden and compared these with boreal forests and grasslands in the same region. In all rivers, but in none of the reference areas, there was a positive relationship between floating capacity and frequency of species. A comparison of floating capacity between species with and without certain dispersal devices showed that seeds of vegetatively dispersed species had higher floating capacities than other seeds. For other dispersal categories (animal and wind dispersal), floating time did not differ from contrast groups. The results indicate that water dispersal has a certain role in structuring the riparian flora, and provide a basis for explaining species distribution patterns from dispersal characteristics. They also suggest that continuous river corridors are important for maintaining regional biodiversity.
Strategic adjustment between innovation and production: generation of integrated archetypes in Spanish service firms

This paper investigates empirically the strategic alignment between innovation and production strategies in a sample of service firms in Spain. It employs the integrated archetypes approach to analyse a dataset of unique, manually collected, firm responses. The results highlight differences in behaviour patterns underpinning both kinds of strategic decisions and, coherent with alignment theory, differential firm performance.