Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material to "A framework to evaluate and elucidate the driving mechanisms of coastal sea surface pCO2 seasonality using an ocean general circulation model (MOM6-COBALT)"

Abstract. The temporal variability of the sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and the underlying processes driving this variability are poorly understood in the coastal ocean. In this study, we tailor an existing method that quantifies the effects of thermal changes, biological activity, ocean circulation and fresh water fluxes to examine seasonal pCO2 changes in highly-variable coastal environments. We first use the Modular Ocean Model version 6 (MOM6) and biogeochemical module Carbon Ocean Biogeochemistry And Lower Trophics version 2 (COBALTv2) at a half degree resolution to simulate the coastal CO2 dynamics and evaluate it against pCO2 from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas database (SOCAT) and from the continuous coastal pCO2 product generated from SOCAT by a two-step neuronal network interpolation method (coastal-SOM-FFN, Laruelle et al., 2017). The MOM6-COBALT model not only reproduces the observed spatio-temporal variability in pCO2 but also in sea surface temperature, salinity, nutrients, in most coastal environments except in a few specific regions such as marginal seas. Based on this evaluation, we identify coastal regions of ‘high’ and ‘medium’ model skill where the drivers of coastal pCO2 seasonal changes can be examined with reasonable confidence. Second, we apply our decomposition method in three contrasted coastal regions: an Eastern (East coast of the U.S) and a Western (the Californian Current) boundary current and a polar coastal region (the Norwegian Basin). Results show that differences in pCO2 seasonality in the three regions are controlled by the balance between ocean circulation, biological and thermal changes. Circulation controls the pCO2 seasonality in the Californian Current, biological activity controls pCO2 in the Norwegian Basin, while the interplay between biology, thermal and circulation changes is key in the East coast of the U.S. The refined approach presented here allows the attribution of pCO2 changes with small residual biases in the coastal ocean, allowing future work on the mechanisms controlling coastal air-sea CO2 exchanges and how they are likely to be affected by future changes in sea surface temperature, hydrodynamics and biological dynamics.
Antioxidative, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities of Nigella sativa L. pulp, a waste material remaining from oil production

The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activities such as antioxidative, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic properties of the Nigella sativa L. (NS) pulp, which is a waste material of the oil production process. Following the investigation of the characteristic properties of NS pulp extract with UV-visible (UV-vis), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) measurements, its antioxidative capacity was determined using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Antiproliferative effects of the pulp extract were tested on both cancerous and non-cancerous cells to examine whether the effects are specific to cell types. Antiangiogenic tests were performed via chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results showed that the NS pulp extract still maintained its radical scavenging effects and reduced the proliferation of cancer cells more efficiently compared to non-cancerous cells. Furthermore, CAM assays demonstrated that the pulp extract effectively limited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated vascularization and development. NS pulp might be used for the suppression of the metastatic cell populations and for the treatment of the diseases particularly like cancer, which progress with pathological angiogenesis. This study highlights that such waste materials from plants can be recycled with various uses in many fields.
Ring opening polymerization of lactide: kinetics and modeling

Abstract The ring opening polymerization (ROP) kinetics of L-lactide was studied in bulk at 150, 160, and 180 °C using stannous octoate [Sn(Oct)2] catalyst and 1-pyrene butanol co-catalyst. The effect of different parameters namely, time and co-catalyst to catalyst ratio was studied on the properties of polylactide. The experimental results showed high conversion of L-lactide. The kinetics of L-lactide ROP follows the co-ordination insertion mechanism. The experimental results obtained were studied to account for the reversible activation, propagation, termination, and validated by modeling using MATLAB. The model developed successfully predicts the monomer conversion and the kinetics of L-lactide ROP.
Bioavailability of Silicon from Different Sources and Its Effect on the Yield of Rice in Acidic, Neutral, and Alkaline soils of Karnataka, South India

ABSTRACT Several silicon (Si) sources have been reported to be effective in terms of their effectiveness on rice growth and yield. Apart from that, it is crucial to understand the bioavailability of silicon from different silicon sources for adequate plant uptake and its performances in varying types of soils. In this point of view, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the bioavailability of silicon from three Si sources and its effect on yield of rice crop in three contrasting soils. Acidic (pH 5.86), neutral (pH 7.10), and alkaline (pH 9.38) soils collected from different locations in Karnataka were amended with calcium silicate, diatomite, and rice husk biochar (RHB) as Si sources. Silica was applied at 0, 250, and 500 kg Si ha−1, and the pots were maintained under submerged condition. There was a significant increase in the yield parameters such as panicle number pot−1, panicle length pot−1, straw dry weight pot−1, and grain weight pot−1 in acidic and neutral soils with the application of Si over no Si treatment, whereas only straw dry weight pot−1 increased significantly with the application of Si sources over control in alkaline soil. Higher Si content and uptake was noticed in neutral soil followed by acidic and alkaline soils. The bioavailability of Si increased with the application of Si sources but varied based on the types of soil. Application of calcium silicate followed by diatomite performed better in acidic and neutral soils whereas RHB was a better source of Si in alkaline soil. A significant difference in plant-available silicon status of the soil was noticed with the application of Si sources over control in all three studied soils.
What is the clinical evidence of Bulk Fill resins performance of in primary and permanent teeth? a systematic review and meta-analysis

With the increasing acceptance of the clinical use of bulk-fill resins, it is necessary to investigate the in vivo performance of these restorative materials. In this perspective, this systematic review to evaluate the clinical performance of Bulk-fill resins in restorations of vital, primary and permanent posterior teeth. PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, LILACS, BBO and Capes publications search base were searched without restriction regarding the year of publication or language of the article. The inclusion criteria were clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of resins composed of bulk-fill compared to the incremental technique. For the selection of articles and data extraction, two calibrated evaluators evaluated abstracts and complete articles. A total of 1443 abstracts were identified, of which 14 articles were included in the review. Of these, 01 was classified with a high level of evidence; 08 were moderate and 05 with a low level of evidence. The studies presented an average follow-up of the restorations of 35.1 months. A large part of the studies (75%) demonstrated that the occurrence of postoperative sensitivity. The high failure rate was more prevalent in class II restorations. The marginal adaptation/color change was material dependent and the occurrence of secondary caries in bulk-fill resin restorations was not significant concerning conventional resins in most studies. In the short term, the satisfactory clinical performance of bulk-fill resins used in primary and permanent restorations, with clinical outcomes and results equivalent to conventional composite resins were observed.
Titanium Dioxide as a Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

The discovery of alternative fuels that can replace conventional fuels has become the goal of many scientific researches. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils through a transesterification reaction that converts triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with the use of a low molecular weight alcohol, in different reaction conditions and with different types of catalysts. Titanium dioxide has shown a high potential as heterogeneous catalyst due to high surface area, strong metal support interaction, chemical stability, and acid–base property. This review focused on TiO2 as heterogeneous catalyst and its potential applications in the continuous flow production of biodiesel. Furthermore, the use of micro reactors, able to make possible chemical transformations not feasible with traditional techniques, will enable a reduction of production costs and a greater environmental protection.
Fault Detection and Severity Level Identification of Spiral Bevel Gears under Different Operating Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Spiral bevel gears are known for their smooth operation and high load carrying capability; therefore, they are an important part of many transmission systems that are designed for high speed and high load applications. Due to high contact ratio and complex vibration signal, their fault detection is really challenging even in the case of serious defects. Therefore, spiral bevel gears have rarely been used as benchmarking for gears’ fault diagnosis. In this research study, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been used for fault detection and fault severity level identification of spiral bevel gears under different operating conditions. Although AI techniques have gained much success in this field, it is mostly assumed that the operating conditions under which the trained AI model is deployed for fault diagnosis are same compared to those under which the AI model was trained. If they differ, the performance of AI model may degrade significantly. In order to overcome this limitation, in this research study, an effort has been made to find few robust features that show minimal change due to changing operating conditions; however, they are fault discriminating. Artificial neural network (ANN) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) are used as classifiers and both models are trained and tested by using the selected robust features for fault detection and severity assessment of spiral bevel gears under different operating conditions. A performance comparison between both classifiers is also carried out.
Switching Barrier Effect on Millennial Customer Retention through the Mediation of Brand Trust

The existence of a business phenomenon between companies in the modern herbal medicine industry related to the difference between switching barriers, brand trust, and customer retention. The purpose of this research was to examine the difference in the relationship between variables to this phenomenon. This study used a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 130 millennials in Surakarta who consumed herbal sachets at least in the last 3 months. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method using SEM analysis tools AMOS version 21.0. This study indicates that the switching barrier affects customer retention significantly both directly and when mediated by brand trust. So in the Modern Herbal Medicine Industry, the development of customer retention is very dependent on switching barriers and brand trust.
SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND MODELLING OF SALICYL HYDROXAMIC ACID ADSORPTION AT THE SURFACE OF RARE EARTH OXIDES, CARBONATES AND PHOSPHATES

The adsorption mechanism of salicyl hydroxamic acid (SHA, C7H7O3N) on rare earth minerals was investigated using two complementary methods: precipitation studies and modelling. Precipitation studies showed that SHA adsorption occurs through a displacement of the hydroxide ion at the surface in an ion exchange mechanism, leading to surface precipitation and/or chemisorption. Surface precipitation predominates in the light rare earth oxides (LREOs), while chemisorption predominates in the heavier REOs. Modelling revealed that adsorption of SHA on the REM surface is dependent upon the orientation of SHA on the surface as well as the distance between rare earth elements sites on the surface. It was concluded that surface precipitation predominates in the LREOs and in the heavy rare earth carbonates (HRECs), while chemisorption predominates in the HREOs and in the light rare earth carbonates (LRECs). With the rare earth phosphates, both chemisorption and surface precipitation are observed all across.
Kinetic Modelling of the Biosorption of Methylene Blue onto Wild Melon (Lagenariasphaerica)

The Kinetics of the Biosorption of Methylene Blue onto LagenariaSphaerica as adsorbent was studied and the plant was characterized to check it suitability to be used as adsorbent for the treatment of aqueous waste water. The LagenariaSphaerica used was sliced into small sizes, sun dried for 14 days and later oven dried at 105°C for 2 hours to archive bone dryness, it was ground and sieved to various particle sizes and Batch adsorption process was employed. For the study. The effect of process parameters such as Effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of methylene Blue and particle size were investigated. The highest dye uptake stood at 90.1% after 24 hours using an initial dye concentration of 100 ppm and adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g. The experimental data obtained was fitted into adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir and freundlich isotherm model. It was described using linear regression method. Pseudo-first order, pseudo- second order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models was used to analyze the Experiment. The data best fitted in intra-particle diffusion model and Freundlich isotherm. Considering the result obtained, it can confidently be said that Lagenariasphaerica can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of dye from aqueous solution.
The Impact of Work–Family Enrichment on Subjective Career Success through Job Engagement: A Case of Banking Sector

To survive in the current competitive era, organizations need continuous performance and development. The performance of any organization is linked with their employees’ performance. However, employees give their best when they see subjective career success in the organization. There are certain factors such as work–family enrichment (WFE) that affect employee’s subjective career success. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between work–family enrichment and subjective career success through the mediating effect of work engagement. The data for this study were collected from various private banks located in a large metropolitan city through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The results confirmed that work–family enrichment (WFE) positively affects subjective career success (SCS), and job engagement (JE) completely mediates this relationship. These findings will be helpful for banking sector policymakers to improve the subjective career success of personnel at the workplace through WFE and JE.
Inluence of methyl jasmonate on ginsenoside biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolium L

Panax quinquefolium L. , belonging to the Araliaceae family, along with P. ginseng is one of the well-known species of ginseng. Multidirectional pharmacological action of this plant is attributed to triterpene saponins called ginsenosides. Pharmacopoeial raw material are roots obtained from the ield crops which are time-consuming and require expensive agrotechnical procedures. Therefore, the new sources of ginseng biomass are sought such as in vitro suspension cultures. P. quinquefo-lium L. cell cultures, treated with the elicitation of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in concentration 50 and 250 μmol L -1 , synthesize more ginsenosides than control cultures. The highest increase (2.2-fold) of all examined compounds was noted using 250 μmol L -1 MJ. In this condition, the predominantly quantitative metabolite was Rb 1 ginsenoside belonging to protopanaxadiol derivatives.
2-Zincoethylzincation of 2-Alkynylamines and 1-Alkynylphosphines Catalyzed by Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide and Ethylmagnesium Bromide

Abstract Titanium(IV) isopropoxide and ethylmagnesium bromide catalyzed reaction of 2-alkynylamines with Et2Zn, followed by deuterolysis/hydrolysis and iodinolysis, affords substituted (Z)-pent-2-en-2,5-d 2-1-amines, (Z)-pent-2-en-1-amines (65–88%), and substituted (Z)-2,5-diiodopent-2-en-1-amines (55–63%). It is suggested that the reaction proceeds through the formation of cyclic organotitanium derivatives. The reaction between 1-alkynylphosphines and Et2Zn in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ti(O-iPr)4 and EtMgBr leads to trisubstituted 1-alkenylphosphine oxides with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity.
Frontiers in Dentistry

Article type: Case Report Impaction of the anterior teeth, which is less frequent in central incisors, can cause serious esthetic and subsequent psychological problems for patients during the mixed dentition period. Traumatic injury to deciduous teeth is the most common etiologic factor. Thus, treatment of maxillary incisor impaction is highly important. Nowadays, application of laser has been suggested in orthodontics and pediatric dentistry for different treatments, such as surgical exposure of impacted teeth and application of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. In this paper, the authors present treatment of an impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisor with laser application for its surgical exposure and LLLT for acceleration of its orthodontic traction and eruption.
Socioeconomic Predictors of Diabetes Mortality in Japan: An Ecological Study Using Municipality-specific Data

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the geographic distribution of diabetes mortality in Japan and identify socioeconomic factors affecting differences in municipality-specific diabetes mortality. Methods Diabetes mortality data by year and municipality from 2013 to 2017 were extracted from Japanese Vital Statistics, and the socioeconomic characteristics of municipalities were obtained from government statistics. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of diabetes for each municipality using the empirical Bayes method and represented geographic differences in SMRs in a map of Japan. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the socioeconomic factors affecting differences in SMR. Statistically significant socioeconomic factors were further assessed by calculating the relative risk of mortality of quintiles of municipalities classified according to the degree of each socioeconomic factor using Poisson regression analysis. Results The geographic distribution of diabetes mortality differed by gender. Of the municipality-specific socioeconomic factors, high rates of single-person households and unemployment and a high number of hospital beds were associated with a high SMR for men. High rates of fatherless households and blue-collar workers were associated with a high SMR for women, while high taxable income per-capita income and total population were associated with low SMR for women. Quintile analysis revealed a complex relationship between taxable income and mortality for women. The mortality risk of quintiles with the highest and lowest taxable per-capita income was significantly lower than that of the middle-income quintile. Conclusions Socioeconomic factors of municipalities in Japan were found to affect geographic differences in diabetes mortality.
The Changes of Cognition in Teenagers after Playing Video Games

Recent studies have shown that video games alter cognition in teenagers, but it is unknown how teen cognition changes in the short-term directly after playing video games. This study measured the differences in selective attention, processing speed, sustained attention, and cognitive flexibility of video-game playing (VGP) adolescents at different time intervals after playing video games. Three different reasoning tests were used: the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), and the Stroop Task. A custom 250 question arithmetic test was also used, but was unable to uncover processing speed differences between VGPs after playing video games. All VGP participants in the study underwent reasoning tests before playing video games, played League of Legends (LoL)—known for its intensive use of spatial awareness, cognitive decision making, and working memory—for an hour, and then took reasoning tests once again at different times after having played LoL. This experiment affirms that video games create cognitive enhancement, though the experiment uncovered that VGP teens have worsened selective and sustained attention as time elapses after playing video games. Future research may want to extend the variable of time to test how video games affect attention or cognition by time in a longer term with a larger sample size.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Acceptance of E-Learning among University Students: The Role of Precipitating Events

This study examined the effect of the COVID- 19 pandemic and related events on the use of e-learning, as well as other key determinants of it. The data were collected from 1039 university students in Sri Lanka. To examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was viewed through the lens of precipitating events, on the intention–behaviour relationship, we employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with the inclusion of a moderating variable. While the findings indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic had clearly increased the usage of e-learning, we found no evidence to establish a moderating impact on the intention–behaviour relationship. The empirical model, however, was well fitted to the data, and the key components of the TAM were likewise adequately described by the relevant predictors. Furthermore, attitudes toward e-learning and perceived ease of use emerged as the most important factors in explaining behavioural intention, whereas relevance and experience were shown to be more significant in relation to perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Our work is significant because it adds to the existing empirical evidence on e-learning and supports the relevance of TAM in understanding the usage of e-learning even in extreme situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Our research has significant implications for educators and other higher education authorities.
Determining Crustal Attenuation With Seismic T Waves in Southern Africa

Crustal attenuation structures obtained at high frequencies (>1 Hz) are important for seismic risk assessment and geodynamics studies in stable continents. However, it is difficult to infer attenuation in low seismicity regions using body and surface waves. In this study, we explore the potential of using seismic T phases to constrain the crustal attenuation. We analyzed the characteristics of T waves recorded on the seismic array deployed in southern Africa. The converted station‐side T‐P and T‐S phases were identified by analyzing the waveform, travel time, polarization, and frequency‐wavenumber features. The distinct differences in polarization and slowness are used to quantify contributions from T‐P and T‐S conversions. The inverted frequency‐dependent Qp and Qs (attenuation factor of local P and S waves, respectively) in the southern Africa are found to be 204f1.48 and 685f0.53 , respectively. Our method could be extended to infer crustal attenuation features near the coasts of other continents.