Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BARRIERS TO APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS BY NURSES IN NURSE-PATIENT INTERACTION: NURSES AND PATIENTS’ PERSPECTIVE

Background and Aim: The main role of a nurse is caring. To take care of patients is achievable only through communicating them, but, the results of previous studies have revealed that due to lack of communicative skills, nurses are unable to communicate properly, a problem about which patients keep complaining very often. The present study is an attempt to determine the barriers to application of communicative skills by nurses from the perspectives of nurses and patients. Material and Method: This study is descriptive analytical study and adopts a problem– solving perspective. The research samples (90 nurses and 45 patients) were selected through simple sampling method from two academic hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health services (Imam Khomeini and Valiy-e ASR). Two survey instruments within Lickert scale format were designed separately for two groups of nurses and patients. The instruments contained the barriers to application of communicative skills by nurses. These barriers were classified into four categories: barriers related to nurses, patients, nurses and patients and environment. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The results showed that from the nurses ’ perspective the most and the least important barriers were patient– related communication barriers, and nurse– patient-related communication barriers, respectively; Whereas from the patients ’ perspective, the most and the least important barriers were nurse– related communication barriers, and nurse- patient related communication barriers, respectively. Conclusion: Nurses consider factors specific to patient as the most important barriers for nurses to use their communicative skills; yet for patients those specific to nurses were selected as the most important barriers. A strategy entitled “Establishing a Committee for Ensuring Quality of Nursing Services with an Emphasis on Nurses ’ Communicative Skills" was proposed to increase use of communicative skills by nurses when interacting with patients.
Risk of symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) progression and secondary hemorrhage in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving bevacizumab (BV)-based first-line therapy

8114 Background: Preliminary data on the safety of Bv in subjects with advanced or metastatic NSCLC with previously treated brain metastases due to NSCLC revealed no CNS hemorrhagic events (Akerley, IASLC 2007). This preliminary safety report investigates the occurrence of NSCLC progression and CNS hemorrhage among patients receiving Bv. Methods: E4599 and AVAiL are randomized, phase III studies combining Bv with carboplatin/paclitaxel (CP) and cisplatin/gemcitabine (CG), respectively, in the first-line treatment of non- squamous NSCLC. As the presence of CNS metastases rendered a subject ineligible, both studies required baseline imaging of the CNS and as clinically indicated thereafter. In both studies, Bv was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (including Grade ≥3 hemorrhage and Grade ≥2 non-pulmonary hemorrhage in E4599 and AVAiL, respectively). Results: See Table. Conclusions: Among treated subjects with documented CNS progression, Bv does not appear to increase the risk of C.
Prevalence of refractive errors in primary school children in a Rural Community in Ebonyi State of Nigeria

Background: Globally, refractive error is a common cause of visual impairment in the paediatric age group. However, no previous vision screening study among primary schools children has been reported in Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria. This study aimed to screen primary school children in two rural primary schools in Nchokko Community of Igbeagu Izzi, Ebonyi State for refractive errors. Subjects and Methods This was point prevalence, cross- sectional study of all primary school children in the two primary schools at Nchokko community of Igbeagu village of Izzi local government area of Ebonyi State. The study population consists of all pupils present during the school eye health visit to this community on the 6 th of March 2012. Results There was a total of 213 pupils comprising of 107 males and 106 females (Ratio, 1:1) ages ranged from 5-15 years with a mean age of 9.6 ± 2.7 years. Refractive error was found in 2 patients (0.9%). Conclusion: The Prevalence of Refractive Error in the two rural primary schools at Nchokko community of Igbeagu village of Izzi Local Government Area of EbonyiState.was 0.9%. Key words: Nigeria, Refractive error, Rural, school children.
Effect of Life Style Risk Factors on Prevalence of Hypertension in A Defined Urban Population of Rewa

Introduction: Hypertension is a modern day’s epidemic and it is becoming a public health emergency worldwide, especially in the developing countries. It has been observed that cardiovascular diseases are increasing in developing countries 1, 2 and it has been estimated that CVD will be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in these countries by the year 2020.3 Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study carried out from July2010- June 2011 in general population of Rewa city. Total 300 were studied (171 males and 129 females). The study had two principal components: the administration of a questionnaire and clinical examination. Information was collected on demographic characteristics and risk factors for hypertension. Chi-square test was applied wherever necessary. Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 21.3 %( 64/300). Among 64(21.3%) hypertensive’s, only 23(35.9%) were aware about their hypertensive status & among these known hypertensive 17(73.9%) were on regular treatment. Association between BMI and hypertension was statistically significant (p 1 and among 129 females 42 (32.5%) were having WHR > 0.85. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly (p 1 and 21.4% (09) among females having WHR >0.85. Conclusion: Here it was observed that one fifth of general public’s are hypertensive which suggests that peoples should be screened regularly. Life style affects blood pressure which can be seen from this study that’s why healthy habits should be promoted amongst general public by different types of interventions.
Self medication with over the counter drugs: A questionnaire based study

To obtain baseline data on self medication with over the counter drugs in Perinthalmanna. Also to gain information on the factors influencing self medication with over the counter drugs and to note any association of self medication with demographic factor. Datas were collected via face to face structured interview of respondents in the community pharmacy using the questionnaire from December 2009 to February 2010. Samples of 80 patients were selected from the community pharmacy. The inclusion criteria for selection of patients were those came to retail pharmacy to buy over the counter drugs . Few patients were excluded in accordance with exclusion criteria like incomplete information and some were not accepting to participate in the study . Each individual was given explanation about the purpose of study. The results were based upon the data captured from 80 patients. The prevalence of self medication was reported as percentages. Of the 92 questionnaires distributed, 80 (86.95 %) were answered and the rest were probably ignored by the patients and noticed a certain difficulty in answering . This study shows the need to carry out educational companion to alert the population about the use of many medicines available in the market. For that it is paramount to have an active participation of health care professionals, specially physicians and pharmacist, besides the help from the pharmaceutical industry, government regulations and continuous inspection by the competent authorities. Although self medication is difficult to eliminate, interventions can be made to discourage this practice and ensure safer usage of drugs. The intervention will require better patient education of public and health professionals to avoid the irrational use of drugs.
Abstracts of the European Society for Medical Decision Making Third Biennial Meeting

Presenters of papers at the European Society for Medical Decision Making Third Biennial Meeting, Glasgow, Scotland, June 24-26,1990, were invited to prepare abstracts of their presentations for publication in MDM. The 43 abstracts reproduced on this and the following pages were re ceived in response to the invitation. They represent about half of the papers presented at the meeting. Formal abstracts of all the papers pre sented at the meeting have been published in Theoretical Surgery, volume 5, number 3, 1990.
Environmental Health: a Global Access Science Source Impact of Tetrachloroethylene-contaminated Drinking Water on the Risk of Breast Cancer: Using a Dose Model to Assess Exposure in a Case-control Study

Background: A population-based case-control study was undertaken in 1997 to investigate the association between tetrachloroethylene (PCE) exposure from public drinking water and breast cancer among permanent residents of the Cape Cod region of Massachusetts. PCE, a volatile organic chemical, leached from the vinyl lining of certain water distribution pipes into drinking water from the late 1960s through the early 1980s. The measure of exposure in the original study, referred to as the relative delivered dose (RDD), was based on an amount of PCE in the tap water entering the home and estimated with a mathematical model that involved only characteristics of the distribution system.
SERIES ''RARE INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES'' Edited by C. Vogelmeier and U. Costabel Number 2 in this Series Adult pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis

Adult pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology that occurs predominantly in young smokers, with an incidence peak at 20-40 yrs of age. In adults, pulmonary involvement with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis usually occurs as a single-system disease and is characterised by focal Langerhans' cell granulomas infiltrating and destroying distal bronchioles. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest is essential to the diagnosis, typically showing a combination of nodules, cavitated nodules, and thick- and thin-walled cysts. A high macrophage count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is a common but nonspecific finding that merely reflects exposure to tobacco smoke. BAL is useful for eliminating infections and the other infiltrating lung disorders that can be seen in young adults. Langerhans' cells can be identified in BAL fluid, but, in contrast to what was initially hoped, this test shows a very low sensitivity and is rarely useful in the diagnosis of the disease. The definite diagnosis of pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis requires identification of Langerhans' cell granulomas, which is usually achieved by surgical lung biopsy at a site selected by chest HRCT. In practice, however, lung biopsy is performed on a case-by-case basis. No effective treatment is available to date, and improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is urgently needed, and should help in the development of specific therapeutic strategies for patients with this orphan disease.
Testing the accuracy of adult skeletal age estimation methods: original methods versus revised and newer methods.

Accurately estimating adult skeletal age at death is a critical component of forensic case studies, archaeological fieldwork, and osteological research. This study applies 11 age estimation methods to a sample of 20 male skeletons of European descent (mean age 54.5 years, range 29-85) from the J.C. B. Grant Collection at the University of Toronto to assess the relative correctness (appropriate assignment to defined phases), reliability (inaccuracy and bias of estimations), and precision (reproducibility) of each method. Five original methods (Kunos et al., first rib; Iscan et al., fourth rib; Lovejoy et al., auricular surface; Todd, pubic symphysis; and Suchey-Brooks, pubic symphysis) were compared with six revised or newly developed methods (DiGangi et al., first rib; Hartnett, fourth rib; Passalacqua, sacrum; Buckberry and Chamberlain, auricular surface; Rouge-Maillart et al., acetabulum and auricular surface; and Hartnett, pubic symphysis). Results indicate that the newer methods correctly score individuals more consistently than the older methods; however, this may be attributed to the larger age ranges of their phases. The newer methods are also more reliable than the older methods: Buckberry and Chamberlain (6.54 inaccuracy, 2.24 bias) and Passalacqua (8.07 inaccuracy, -1.28 bias) rated highest. Newer methods had slightly lower rates of intra-observer error; newer and original methods had similar fair-to-moderate rates of inter-observer error. While newer methods may represent improvements to the field, they follow the trend of over-aging younger individuals and under-aging older individuals.
Assessment of the Impact of Students' Mode of Admission into University and their Academic Achievement in Nigeria

The purpose of this research work was to assess the impact of students’ mode of admission into university and their academic achievement in Nigeria. The design of the study was an ex post facto research design. To carry out the study four research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while four hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance and t-test statistic. The sample for the study consisted of 253 students randomly selected from two universities in Benue State using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The results indicated that there was no statistical significant difference in the mean academic achievement of students who were admitted into the university through unified tertiary matriculation examination, remedial programme and direct entry admissions. There was statistical significant difference in the mean academic achievement of male and female students and that the academic achievement of male students was higher than their female counterparts based on the three modes of admission. The paper recommends that university authority should continue to admit students into the university through the three modes of admission at reasonable proportion to enhance academic excellence of the citizenry. Efforts should be made by the university authority to ensure that none of the categories of students is discriminated against so as to produce good quality graduates. Above all, attempt should be made to reduce the academic achievement gap between male and female students in the universities as a means of addressing issues of imbalance.
Original Paper Immunological Profile in Patients with Lupus Nephritis and Correlations with the Histological Pattern

Background. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common manifestation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Certain serum autoantibodies are associated with the presence of nephritis. Objective. The aim of the study is to describe and analyse the immunological antibody profile associated with the development of nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and to find possible correlations with the histological pattern. Patients and methods. We designed a retrospective case control study of 61 patients with biopsy proven LN and 110 patients with SLE without LN. We used standard methods for laboratory testing of anti-dsDNA, anti-ENA and anti-phospholipid antibodies. Results. Patients with LN were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis ((26.4 (6.4) years versus 35.2 (10.6) years; p<0.001) A higher frequency of anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm and LA was seen in the group with nephritis (p=0.002; p=0.005; p=0.0001). There were no significant correlations with gender, or the tipe of WHO histological classes identified in patients with lupus nephritis compared with those without renal disease. Conclusions. The factors associated with LN outlined in the current study are the presence of anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm antibodies and of LA.
Transurethral Resection of Bladder Metastasis from Lung Small-Cell Carcinoma

Bladder metastases from a pulmonary origin are rare, and reports of pulmonary small-cell carcinoma (SCC) with bladder metastasis are limited in the literature. We present a case of a 72-year-old male who was initially diagnosed with lung SCC with hepatic and adrenal metastases. Due to the late stage of the disease, he did not receive further aggressive treatment. Two episodes of painless gross hematuria with blood clot tamponade of the bladder subsequently occurred. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT) was performed and bladder metastasis from the pulmonary SCC was diagnosed. Our treatment relieved his hematuria, and the patient had a higher quality of life until his death while he survived.
Fatores associados a rigidez arterial em indivíduos com HIV / AIDS e indivíduos não infectados no estado de Pernambuco - Brasil

Introduction: The frequency of cardiovascular disease is higher in people infected with HIV than in the general population. Arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk and is used in various clinical settings as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about PWV in HIV-infected individuals with or without metabolic syndrome or lipodystrophy. This study aims to evaluate the association between HIV infection and PWV in HIV-positive individuals in order to determine its association with characteristics related to antiretroviral treatment, viral load, immune status and metabolic changes. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study with sufficient analytical power. We included 343 participants, 261 of which were HIV-positive and 82 were HIV-negative. The exclusion criteria were as follows: pregnancy, history of opportunistic infections during the last three months, and a family history of stroke, myocardial infarction or revascularization procedure. Aortic stiffness was estimated by automatic and non-invasive carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity using a Complior (Artech, Paris, France). Results: The groups were similar with respect to age, alcohol consumption, presence of metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes mellitus, Framingham score and the use of antihypertensive and hypolipidemic medications. Hypertension was more frequent among HIV-negative control individuals. Individuals with HIV had higher rates in hypertriglyceridemia, elevated blood glucose and high HDL cholesterol levels. Increased PWV was associated with older age (40 years of age or older), male sex, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, elevated fasting glucose, and elevated Framingham score. In the multiple regression model, faster heart rate, older age, male sex and elevated blood pressure were associated with PWV. There was no significant difference in mean PWV values between HIV-infected individuals and seronegative controls. Conclusions: The traditional risk factors for CVD were more common among HIVinfected individuals, with the exception of hypertension. Increased PWV was associated with older age, male sex and elevated blood pressure. There was no difference in PWV between HIV-infected individuals and seronegative controls.
RELIABILITY OF ACUTE STATIC STRETCH IMPACT ON VERTICAL JUMP HEIGHT

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the acute effect of stretch on vertical jump performance. Twenty-four subjects completed eight trials. In each trial warm-up, three pre-stretch jumps, stretching, and three post-stretch jumps were completed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to evaluate the reliability of the stretch impact on vertical jumping across trials. While pre-stretch and post-stretch jumps were highly reliable (ICC=0.99), the difference from pre-stretch to post-stretch was not (ICC=0.07). The stretch impact on vertical jump may not be reliable for subjects across trials.
Comparison the Effect of Anethum graveolens and Oxytocin on Induction of Labor in Term Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background:Oxytocin, the most common medicine for labor induction, has maternal and fetal side effects and sometimes is not effective. Herbal medicines are alternatively utilized as safe methods. Dill includes tannin, which is a polyphenol with contractile properties, is potentially supposed to be able to induce uterus contractions. Objectives: The current study aimed to test the effects of Anethum graveolens (dill) seeds on induction of labor and compare it with oxytocin in term pregnancy. Patients and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 eligible participants without any delivery signs such as labor pain, rapture of membranes or bloody show. Participants were allocated to either the case or control group and receiving boiled Anethum graveolens seeds or induction with oxytocin, respectively. Therefore, 0.018 g/kg of dill seeds with a spoonful of sugar was solved in 250 mL of boiling water and brewed for about 10 minutes. Then it was filtrated. Subjects in the case group drank this solution only once after admission and they were infused with simple Ringer solution. The control group received standard protocol of labor induction with oxytocin. Participants were followed up to the delivery time. Results: Case group had a significantly better Bishop score following the intervention compared to the control group. The mean duration of active phase, second and third stages of labor were significantly lower in the case group. The control group had shorter latent phase than the case group. Conclusions: Results showed that the boiled Anethum graveolens seeds was effective on labor induction.
Bezlotoxumab Alone and With Actoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients on Standard of Care Antibiotics: Integrated Results of 2 Phase 3 Studies (MODIFY I and MODIFY II)

Background. Actoxumab ((ACT) MK-3415) and bezlotoxumab ((BEZ) MK- 6072) are human monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins A and B, respectively. Methods. Combined data from 2 double-blind, randomized, phase 3 studies in adult patients receiving oral standard of care (SoC) (metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomi- cin) for primary or recurrent Cd ifficile infection (rCDI), including multiple rCDI. In MODIFY I, patients received a single infusion of ACT + BEZ 10 mg/kg each (MK- 3415A), ACT 10 mg/kg alone, BEZ 10 mg/kg alone, or placebo. In MODIFY II, patients received a single infusion of ACT + BEZ, BEZ alone, or placebo. Entry criteria, study visits/ procedures, and efficacy/safety endpoints were the same for both studies. The rCDI (new episode ofdiarrhea andpositive stooltest fortoxigenic Cd ifficile afterclinical cure ofbase- line CDI episode) was the primary endpoint, and global cure (clinical cure of initial epi- sode and no rCDI) was a secondary endpoint; both were evaluated through week 12. Results. A total of 2655 patients (median age 66 years, 57% female) enrolled in 30 countries and 2580 (97%) received the study infusion. Baseline characteristics were ba- lanced across treatment groups. In MODIFY I, the ACT alone group was stopped for ef- ficacy and safety reasons after interim analysis, based on a predefined adaptive plan. In the full analysis set (N = 2327, ACT alone excluded), 53% of patients were ≥65 years of age, 27% had prior CDI, 17% had severe CDI, and 11% were infected with 027 ribotype. The rCDI rates were significantly lower for ACT+BEZ (15.4%) and for BEZ alone (16.5%) versus placebo (26.6%, both 1-sided, P<.0001) and were reduced relative to placebo in subgroups with risk factors for rCDI, including age ≥65 years, history of CDI, infected with 027 ribotype, and severe CDI. Global cure was superior for BEZ alone (63.5%, 1- sided P=.0001) versus placebo and higher for ACT+BEZ (58.1%, 1-sided P=0.0426) versus placebo (53.7%). Safety endpoints were comparable for ACT + BEZ and BEZ alone versus placebo. The most common adverse events were diarrhea (5.9%), nausea (5.9%), and CDI (4.2%) (table).