Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance

: The underlying research study was concerned with public venture capital which is grounded in the assumption of market failure and financing gaps (Güllmann 2000; Brettel 2005) and associated with the risk of crowding-out (Colombo et al. 2016). In order to expand the research perspective and to shed new light on the public investors, this project was concerned with their strategy, with their social networks, their syndication rationales, their monitoring and mentoring in turnaround situations and their exit routes between 2015 and 2017. 67 governmental investors in Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Austria and Germany were invited to participate in a fully structured survey. In addition, secondary data sources were examined regarding the developments of the venture capital markets, of the crowdfunding markets and of the business angels' investments in the underlying countries between the phase of the financial crisis and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The data was analysed by means of descriptive statistics and the survey results were finally validated by an additional validation study. The results, inter alia, showed that the public investors maintained comprehensive networks with different types of network partners and that social capital (Burt 1993; Lin 1999) played an important role for their business and not the provision of financings alone. Nevertheless, the results also showed that the network size did not matter for exit success on a statistically significant level and that the recent developments on the macro level called the public involvement in question.
Study on item analysis of multiple – choice questions amongst the undergraduate dental students

Assessments are powerful tools for bringing on the achievement of educational goals and one of the tools for bringing it rightly is “item analysis. ” Multiple - Choice Questions (MCQs) are one of the most common methods of assessing the knowledge capabilities of undergraduate and postgraduate medical students. The main objective of this study was to analyze the quality of MCQs and to assess the relationships of items having good difficulty and discrimination indices with their distracter efficiency. After getting an ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital a cross – sectional study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2022 to December 2022 in the Department of Human Anatomy of Nepal Medical College. The difficulty index (DIF I), discrimination index (DI) and distracter efficiency (DE) were calculated and analyzed. The results obtained revealed that the mean and standard deviation of DIF I, DI and DE were 56.75±22.6, 0.3±0.2 and 43.24±25.66 respectively. The items analyzed were neither too easy and nor too difficult (DIF I = 62.8%). The majority of items fulfilled the criteria of acceptable difficulty and good discrimination index and the maximum number of items were found to have 2 NFDs (DE = 33.33 %). The present study was hence undertaken as it assists to evaluate the MCQ items to discern its effectiveness in assessing the knowledge of students as well as it plays a vital role in developing a question bank having valid MCQs.
High Quality of Early Ischemic Stroke Care but Poorer Clinical Outcomes among Patients with a History of Mental Illness

Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare early stroke care and clinical outcomes among patients with and without a history of mental illness. Materials/Methods. A nationwide registry-based cohort study of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated in a tax-financed healthcare system. We used process and outcome measures from the Danish Stroke Registry 2007-2018 combined with the data from multiple Danish registries. We combined the process measures in two composite measures: an opportunity-based score (the proportion of all relevant process measures fulfilled for each patient) and an all-or-none score (the proportion of patients fulfilling all relevant process measures). Patients were categorized according to severity of mental health history. Results. We included 117 548 admissions with acute ischemic stroke: 20.8%, 3.5%, and 3.4% of admissions concerned patients with a history of minor, moderate, or major mental illness, respectively. Patients received a median of 85.7% (IQR, 66.7; 100.0) of the relevant processes (opportunity-based score). Patients with a history of mental illness were less likely to receive guideline-recommended acute stroke care within the defined time frames; however, differences were not clinically relevant. Patients with a history of mental illness were significantly more likely to die within 30 days, compared to patients with no history of mental illness: Risk ratios (RR) for 30-day mortality adjusted for age, sex, and country of origin were 1.31 (CI, 1.25; 1.37) for minor, 1.18 (CI, 1.05; 1.33) for moderate, and 1.44 (CI, 1.30; 1.60) for major mental illness. The corresponding adjusted RRs for recurrent stroke/TIA were 1.69 (CI, 1.58; 1.80) for minor, 1.39 (CI, 1.19; 1.61) for moderate, and 1.36 (CI, 1.17; 1.59) for major mental illness. The associations were weakened for 30-day mortality but not recurrent stroke/TIA after additional adjustment for potential mediating factors (comorbidity and stroke severity). Conclusion. More than one-quarter of patients with ischemic stroke had a history of mental illness. The overall performance of acute stroke care was high in all groups. Mental illness was associated with a higher risk of death and recurrent stroke compared to patients without a history of mental illness which may at least partly be due to a more adverse prognostic profile at the time of admission, including a higher stroke severity.
Sequential PET/CT and pathological biomarker crosstalk predict response to PD-1 blockers alone or combined with sunitinib in propensity score-matched cohorts of cancer of unknown primary treatment

Introduction The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including toripalimab and pembrolizumab, has not been confirmed in the treatment of cancer of unknown primary (CUP), which has a very poor prognosis. Combined with anti-angiogenic therapies, ICIs are hypothesized to be effective in prolonging overall survival. The study aims to give evidence on the treatment effects of sunitinib combined with ICIs, find pathological biomarkers associated with changes in volumetric 18F FDG PET/CT parameters, and investigate inner associations among these markers associated with response on PET/CT. Methods The study recruited patients receiving combined treatment (ICIs + sunitinib), compared the effects of combined treatment with those of separate treatment and age-matched negative controls, and analyzed propensity score-matched (PSM) pairs. Markers associated with survival were identified, and their inner associations were tested using structural equation modeling. Results A total of 292 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, with 53 patients receiving combined treatment. Survival analysis demonstrated significantly prolonged survival in either combined or separate treatment, with the combined arm showing better response when PSM-paired using pre-treatment whole-body PET/CT parameters. The angiogenic markers KDR and VEGF mediate the PD-1 blockade impact on volumetric value changes in positive and negative manners. Conclusion The anti-angiogenic agent sunitinib may potentiate PD-1 blockade by diminishing angiogenesis or its downstream effects. The combined separate treatment increased the survival of CUP patients, and the responses could be evaluated using volumetric PET/CT parameters.
Effects of Underground Pore Fissures on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield on Karst Slopes

Underground pore fissure is one of common ways of soil leakage, and the soil loss in underground pore fissure would aggravate the development of rocky desertification in karst areas. A designed steel tank with varied underground pore fissure degrees was used to measure how underground pore fissure affected soil erosion and sediment yield on karst bare slope. We found that sediment yield rates and its distribution ratios obviously differed between the surface and underground. Surface sediment yield rate greatly responded to rainfall intensity conditions, while underground sediment yield rate rarely changed. Both bed rock bareness and underground pore fissure degree had an insignificant effect on both surface and underground sediment yield rate, but the former greatly influenced sediment distribution between the surface and underground. With increasing of bed rock bareness rate, both the average surface and underground sediment yield rates first increased and then decreased. The later posed an effect on underground sediment yield rate, which increased with increase of underground pore fissure degree. With increase of underground pore fissure degree, critical rainfall intensity for producing surface sediment would increase from 0.8–1.3 mm min−1 to 1.3–2.0 mm min−1. The results provide a mechanistic understanding of how underground pore fissure affects soil erosion and sediment production. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of prenatal care performed in primary care: a cross-sectional study linked to a pregnancy cohort

Objectives: to assess the adequacy of prenatal care in primary care, to classify prenatal care according to the parameters of adequacy and to determine the factors associated with prenatal care in the pregnant women studied. Method: an analytical cross-sectional study of 205 pregnant women in ten basic health units in São Luís, MA. The qualitative variables were presented using absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: In the age variable, there was a predominance of the 21-30 age group (49.44%). In the race/color variable, the highest prevalence was for pregnant women who declared themselves brown/other 99 (55.62%), with a lower prevalence for 6 consultations performed. With regard to the government benefits variable, the highest prevalence, 110 (61.80%), was for pregnant women who received them. Regarding marital status, 76.97% were pregnant women who had a partner, with a lower prevalence for 6 consultations, 137 (76.97%). As for schooling, there was a predominance of pregnant women with a high school education (68.18%). With regard to the start of prenatal care, 66.85% started prenatal care. With regard to the prescription of iron after starting prenatal care, there was a higher prevalence of pregnant women who used it (69.66%). Prevalence was also higher among pregnant women who underwent the following tests: cervical cancer screening, 147 (82.58%), ABO-RH system 129 (72.47%), complete blood count 121 (68.75%), and fasting blood glucose in the first trimester, 107 (60.11%). As for the anti-HIV test, the highest prevalence was for pregnant women who had not undergone the test, 103 (57.87%). With regard to the venereal disease research laboratory, the highest prevalence was among pregnant women who had undergone the test, 120 (67.42%). The highest prevalence of abnormal sediment elements was observed in pregnant women who underwent the test, 122 (68.54%). As for influenza vaccination among pregnant women, the highest prevalence was among those who had not been vaccinated 104 (58.43%). The highest prevalence of previous tetanus vaccination was among pregnant women who had not received the vaccine, 108 (60.67%). Hepatitis B vaccination was more prevalent among pregnant women who had received the vaccine 95 (53.37%). Pregnant women with no symptoms, with a diagnosis and without a negative diagnosis for Covid-19 were more prevalent, 117 (65.73%). Conclusion: The study allowed us to analyze that the quality of prenatal care in the health units where the study was carried out was unsatisfactory for some indicators, since the prevalence was less than 6 consultations.
Geoestatística aplicada ao estudo da distribuição espacial de Tibraca limbativentris em arrozal irrigado por inundação

Tibraca limbativentris (rice stem bug) is an insect highly injurious to the rice crop in Brazil. The aim of this research was to define the spatial distribution of the T. limbativentris and improve the sampling process by means of geostatistical application techniques and construction of prediction maps in a flooded rice field located in the “Planalto da Campanha” Region, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The experiments were conducted in rice crop in the municipality of Itaqui - RS, in the crop years of 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12, counting fortnightly the number of nymphs and adults in a georeferenced grid with points spaced at 50m in the first year and in 10m in the another years. It was performed a geostatistical analysis by means adjusting semivariogram and interpolation of numeric data by kriging to verify the spatial dependence and the subsequent mapping population. The results obtained indicated that the rice stem bug, T. limbativentris, has a strong spatial dependence. The prediction maps allow estimating population density of the pest and visualization of the spatial distribution in flooded rice fields, enabling the improvement of the traditional method of sampling for rice stem bug.
Patient Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Services at a Hospital Outpatient Pharmacy in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Background: Patient satisfaction stands as a metric for evaluating the quality of pharmaceutical services. The presence of community requests for high-quality pharmaceutical services has driven pharmacy personnel to enhance these services, aiming to establish patient satisfaction. Objective: The objective of this research is to assess the degree of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services in the outpatient pharmacy and to explore how this satisfaction is linked to the patients’ sociodemographics. Methods: Conducted at Padang Panjang Hospital's Outpatient Pharmacy in West Sumatra, Indonesia, this descriptive research employed a questionnaire administered directly to patients. The method used involves a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions divided into two dimensions: Friendly Explanation (containing 11 questions) and Managing Therapy (containing nine questions). The questionnaire's validity (r > 0.632) and reliability (0.97). Data analysis was performed utilizing the Likert scale. Results: There were a total of respondents in this study (365 patients). Most of them (64.4%) were female, in the pre-elderly age group (45.2%), had completed high school (41.1%), and were housewives (31.8%). In general, the level of patient satisfaction is categorized as satisfied, with an average score of 3.49. Specifically, the "Friendly Explanation" got a score of 3.69, and the "Management of Therapy" got a score of 3.25. The study indicated notable statistical disparities in patient satisfaction levels based on age, education, and occupation (p<0.05), but gender did not have a significant impact (p>0.05). Conclusion: In summation, the study found that patients were satisfied with the pharmaceutical services at Padang Panjang Hospital's Outpatient Pharmacy.
Improvements in in vitro spermatogenesis: oxygen concentration, antioxidants, tissue-form design, and space control

Incorporation of bovine serum-derived albumin formulation (AlbuMAX) into a basic culture medium, MEMα, enables the completion of in vitro spermatogenesis through testicular tissue culture in mice. However, this medium was not effective in other animals. Therefore, we sought an alternative approach for in vitro spermatogenesis using a synthetic medium without AlbuMAX and aimed to identify its essential components. In addition to factors known to be important for spermatogenesis, such as retinoic acid and reproductive hormones, we found that antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, and glutathione) and lysophospholipids are vital for in vitro spermatogenesis. Moreover, based on our experience with microfluidic devices (MFD), we developed an alternative approach, the PDMS-ceiling method (PC method), which involves simply covering the tissue with a flat chip made of PDMS, a silicone resin material used in MFD. The PC method, while straightforward, integrates the advantages of MFD, enabling improved and uniform oxygen and nutrient supply via tissue flattening. Furthermore, our studies underscored the significance of lowering the oxygen concentration to 10–15%. Using an integrated cultivation method based on these findings, we successfully achieved in vitro spermatogenesis in rats, which has been a long-standing challenge. Further improvements in culture conditions would pave the way for spermatogenesis completion in diverse animal species.
European Option Pricing under Sub-Fractional Brownian Motion Regime in Discrete Time

In this paper, the approximate stationarity of the second-order moment increments of the sub-fractional Brownian motion is given. Based on this, the pricing model for European options under the sub-fractional Brownian regime in discrete time is established. Pricing formulas for European options are given under the delta and mixed hedging strategies, respectively. Furthermore, European call option pricing under delta hedging is shown to be larger than under mixed hedging. The hedging error ratio of mixed hedging is shown to be smaller than that of delta hedging via numerical experiments.
Soil respiration in relation to abiotic factors, forest floor litter, root biomass and litter quality in forest ecosystems of Siwaliks in Northern India

Soil water and litter moisture had significant effect on CO 2 rates (r=0.64 to 0.87, P<0.01). Under laboratory conditions, carbon mineralization in amended soil was influenced by nitrogen, lignin and C:N ratio of litter. Mean annual carbon output from the soil was 667, 519 and 345 g C m −2 yr −1 for mixed, pine and scrub forests, respectively. CO 2 −C output in soil respiration exceeded the input of carbon in litter deposition by 2 to 30% and was 1.76 to 3.40 times higher than the estimated loss of carbon in litter decomposition
Development of thin disk gain medium based on photoadhesion technology

A comprehensive finite element physics model is constructed to analyze the thermal effects of a thin disk medium. Based on this physical model, the temperature and stress distribution inside the medium are obtained. According to the corresponding theory, the internal optical path difference (OPD) and thermal focal length of the medium can be calculated when subjected to thermal load. According to the numerical model of the thermal effect, which has been verified by experiments conducted on commercial thin disk purchased from Dausinger + Giesen GmbH (DG), the study investigated the influence of various factors on the thermal effect of the thin disk medium. Additionally, a thin disk medium based on photoadhesion technology has been developed. The thermal focal length of the thin disk medium has been compensated by adjusting the surface shape in advance to match the desired focal length, which is significantly higher than that of the uncompensated medium. Below a pump density of 1.27 kW/cm2, the thermal focal length of the self-developed thin disk medium is comparable to that of the DG's thin disk medium.
The nudging effect of AIGC labeling on users’ perceptions of automated news: evidence from EEG

Introduction In the context of generative AI intervention in news production, this study primarily focuses on the impact of AI-generated content (AIGC) labeling cues on users’ perceptions of automated news based on nudge theory. Methods A 2 (authorship disclosure nudge cues: with vs. without AIGC label) × 2 (automated news type: descriptive vs. evaluative news) within-subject experiment was carried out. Thirty-two participants were recruited to read automated news, evaluate the perceived content trustworthiness, and record with an EEG device. Results The results demonstrated that disclosure of AIGC labeling significantly reduced the trustworthiness perception of both fact-based descriptive and opinion-based evaluative news. In EEG, the delta PSD, theta PSD, alpha PSD, and beta PSD with disclosure of AIGC labeling were significantly higher than those without AIGC labeling. Meanwhile, in descriptive news conditions, TAR with AIGC labeling was higher than without AIGC labeling. Discussion These results suggested that AIGC labeling significantly improves the degree of attention concentration in reading and deepens the degree of cognitive processing. Users are nudged by AIGC labeling to shift their limited attention and cognitive resources to re-evaluate the information quality to obtain more prudent judgment results. This helps to supplement the theoretical perspective on transparent disclosure nudging in the Internet content governance research field, and it can offer practical guidance to use content labeling to regulate the media industry landscape in the face of AI’s pervasive presence.
Impact of potassium test sample rejections on routine laboratory service, South Africa

Background Accurate potassium measurements are necessary for effective clinical management of hyperkalaemia. Pre-analytical factors may affect laboratory measurements, leading to erroneous results and inappropriate patient management and negatively impact the efficiency and finances of laboratories and hospitals. Objective This study evaluated the impact of rejected potassium test requests on laboratory service. Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive study to assess potassium test data at a public laboratory in Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa, using samples collected from an academic hospital, peripheral hospitals, and outpatient clinics between January 2018 to December 2018. We assessed the relationship between reasons for rejection and health facility type, as well as financial implications for the laboratory. Results The potassium result rejection rate was 15.1% (29 806 samples), out of the 197 405 requests received. The most common reasons for rejection were old sample (> 1 day old) (41.4%; 12 348 rejections) and haemolysis (38.2%; 11 398 rejections). The most frequent reason for rejections at the central, academic hospital was haemolysis (42.0%), while old sample was the most common reason for rejection at peripheral hospitals (43.4%; 4119/9493 requests) and outpatient health facilities (57.2%; 7208/12 605 requests) (p = 0.022). The total cost of potassium sample rejection over the study period was substantial, given the resource constraints in this setting. Conclusion Peripheral hospitals and outpatient departments accounted for the majority of rejected potassium testing results, possibly resulting from delays in transportation; causing substantial financial impact on the laboratory. Improved sample collection, handling, and expedited transportation are recommended. What this study adds This study highlights the importance of appropriate sample collection and handling and the undesirable consequences of non-adherence to these pre-analytical considerations.
Project-Based Learning in Economics Learning: Can it Improve 21st Century Skills Through Online Learning?

This study aims to examine the effect of PjBL in learning economics to improve 21st century skills through online learning in higher education. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach designed as explanatory research using structural equation modeling (SEM) as the analysis tool. The results showed that PjBL in learning economics can improve 21st century skills through online learning.