Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are we focussing wild dog control the wrong time of the year and going about it the wrong way

Our evaluation of the predation of calves by wild dogs in the 1990s found that the number of calves killed and frequency of years that calf losses occurred, is higher in baited areas compared to adjoining, non-baited areas of similar size. Calf losses were highest with poor seasonal conditions, low prey numbers and where baited areas were re-colonised by wild dogs soon after baiting. We monitored wild dog “activity” before and after 35 baiting programs in southwest, central west and far north Queensland between 1994 and 2006 and found change in activity depends on the timing of the baiting. Baiting programs conducted between October and April show an increase in dog activity post-baiting (average increase of 219.1%, SEM 100.9, n=9, for programs conducted in October and November; an increase of 82.5%, SEM 54.5, n=7 for programs conducted in March and April; and a decrease in activity of 46.5%, SEM 10.2, n=19 for programs conducted between May and September). We monitored the seasonal activity and dispersal of wild dogs fitted with satellite transmitters 2006 to present. We have found that: • Activity of breeding males and females, whilst rearing and nurturing pups, is focussed around the den between July to September and away from areas of human activity. Activity of breeding groups appears to avoid locations of human activity until juveniles become independent (around late November). • While independent and solitary yearlings often have unstable, elliptically-shaped territories in less favourable areas, members of breeding groups have territories that appear seasonally stable and circular located in more favourable habitats. • Extra-territorial forays of solitary yearlings can be huge, in excess of 200 km. The largest forays we have monitored have occurred when the activity of pack members is focussed around rearing pups and juveniles (August to November). • Where wild dogs have dispersed or had significant territorial expansion, it has occurred within days of baiting programs and onto recently baited properties. • The wild dogs we have tracked have followed netting barrier fences for hundreds of kilometres and lived adjacent to or bypassed numerous grids in the barrier. Based on these studies, we conclude that a proportion of the perceived decline in dog activity between May and September, post baiting, is due to a decline in dog activity in areas associated with human activity. The increase in dog activity post-baiting between October and May (and increased calf predation on baited properties) is likely caused by wild dogs dispersing (juveniles and yearlings) or expanding (adults) their territory into baited, now ‘vacant’, areas. We hypothesise that baiting programs should be focussed in summer and autumn commencing late November as soon as juveniles become independent of adults. We also hypothesise that instead of large, annual or semi-annual baiting programs, laying the same number of baits over 4-6 weeks may be more effective. These hypotheses need to be tested through an adaptive management project.
El comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de aguacate 'Hass' es influenciado por el portainjerto* Postharvest performance of 'Hass' avocado fruit is influenced by rootstock

Resumen Los portainjertos clonales de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) mantienen las caracteristicas deseables del portainjerto y le confieren al arbol una mejor adaptacion a condiciones adversas de cultivo. Los portainjertos influyen sobre la calidad interna del fruto de aguacate ya que estos pueden tener diferente capacidad de absorber y transportar nutrimentos asi como compuestos organicos a la copa del arbol. Sin embargo, este comportamiento depende de la interaccion portainjerto-cultivar. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar la influencia de 10 portainjertos tolerantes a sequia y cinco tolerantes a Phytophthora cinnamomi sobre la calidad postcosecha de frutos de aguacate ‘Hass’. Se cosecharon frutos de ‘Hass’ sobre portainjertos tolerantes a sequia (huerto sin riego; lluvia anual 1 300 mm) o a P. cinnamomi (riego mensual de auxilio de abril a junio). En cada caso, se incluyeron como testigos frutos de ‘Hass’ sobre portainjertos criollos originados por semilla. Grupos distintos de frutos fueron almacenados a temperatura ambiente (25 oC ± 1 oC y 60% H.R.) o refrigeracion por 14 y 28 dias (5 oC ± 1 oC y 90% H.R.). La evaluacion de portainjertos tolerantes a sequia mostro lo siguiente: i) al momento de la cosecha, los distintos portainjertos afectaron el CMS y CA en la pulpa;
Investigation of the relationship between transit network structure and the network effect : the Toronto & Melbourne experience

The main objective of this study was to quantitatively explore the connection between network structure and network effect and its impact on transit usage as seen through the real-world experience of the Toronto and Melbourne transit systems. In this study, the comparison of ridership/capita and mode split data showed that Toronto’s TTC has better performance for the annual data of 1999/2001 and 2006. After systematically investigating travel behaviour, mode choice factors and the various evidence of the network effect, it was found that certain socio-economic, demographic, trip and other design factors in combination with the network effect influence the better transit patronage in Toronto over Melbourne. Overall, this comparative study identified differences that are possible explanatory variables for Toronto’s better transit usage as well as areas where these two cities and their transit systems could learn from one another for both short and long term transit planning and design.
Estimation of forest transpiration and CO2 uptake using the Penman-Monteith equation and a physiological photosynthesis model

In this paper, the model's output was compared with measured data for a single day, remarkable for a dramatic decrease in solar irradiance around noon, and therefore considered a good test of the model's response to changing conditions. Changes in canopy transpiration were predicted by the model fairly well, but canopy photosynthesis was modelled less satisfactorily. Possible reasons for the latter and required improvements are discussed
Comparative Study Between Systemic Balanced Analgesia, Continuous Femoral Perineural Analgesia and Continuous Intra-articular Analgesia for Primary Reconstruction Surgery of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament of the Knee

Introduction. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of three techniques for knee ligamentoplasty and quadricipital deficit with a view to early physiotherapy. Hypothesis. Continuous intra-articular analgesia and well-managed systemic analgesia could replace continuous femoral peri-nerve analgesia in resource-limited countries. Material. - We included 165 patients undergoing primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. All patients underwent spinal anaesthesia. The first group, systemic analgesia (SA), received balanced systemic analgesia postoperatively for a minimum of five days, based on Paracetamol, Diclofenac and a morphine PCA. In addition to the systemic analgesia already described, the second group, femoral analgesia (FA), will benefit from a femoral peri-nervous catheter in the crural position. 20 ml of bupivacaine at 0.125% concentration is injected; maintenance is set up immediately with a continuous flow of 8 ml/h for 36 h. The third intra-articular analgesia (IAA) group received, in addition to the same systemic analgesia, an infusion through an epidural catheter of 20 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine, followed by maintenance with 8 ml/h of the same local anesthetic via an electric syringe pump for 36 h. Cumulative morphine consumption, pain estimation at rest and on mobilization using a numerical scale (EN) from 1 to 10, and quadriceps deficit were evaluated. Results. - Morphine consumption was lower in the AF group and the difference was statistically significant with an F = 3.539(2) and a p = 0.031. A mean difference of 6.12 ± 2.41 between the AS and AF groups with a significant p = 0.012, a mean difference of 1.67 ± 2.41 with a non-significant p = 0.49 between the AF and AIA groups and a mean difference of 4.45 ± 2.31 with a p = 0.056 at the limit of significance between the AS and AIA groups. Analgesia in the femoral peri-nerve group was more effective, with a reduction in mean EN compared with the other two groups. Efficacy was statistically significant at H4, then from H24 to H36 compared with systemic analgesia, but not significant compared with intra-articular analgésia. Intra-articular analgesia was only significantly effective compared with systemic analgesia at H36. Quadriceps muscle deficit is an incident specific to femoral blocks. Discussion. - This study suggests that a continuous intra-articular or even a well-conducted systemic analgesia provides satisfactory analgesia for knee ligamentoplasty, compared with a more effective femoral peri-nerve. The quadricipital lock absent in intra-articular treatment could be an advantage in speeding up functional recovery.
Prehistoric and historic settlement recorded in a terrestrial pollen profile: Boreal to Subatlantic forest succession in a 60 cm thick sediment in Stanislawice [Southern Poland]

The palynological record from a small terrestrial profile in a forested sandy dune at the site Stanislawice covers the time from the Boreal to the Subatlantic chronozone. Fluctuations of the thermophilous deciduous tree pollen curves are correlated with the occurrences of anthropogenic indicators starting from the late Atlantic. The distinct impact of man’s activity on the vegetation of the Niepolomice Forest till the recent times is described.
Can HPV Test on Random Urine Replace Self-HPV Test on Vaginal Self-Samples or Clinician-Collected Cervical Samples?

Objective This study investigated whether random urine (RU) samples can be used to accurately identify human papillomavirus (HPV) and whether these samples can replace self-collected vaginal samples in HPV tests. Methods A total of 167 patients with abnormal Pap smears were recruited. The patients provided self-collected vaginal and RU samples for HPV testing. Clinicians obtained cervical samples from the patients. Colposcopy examination and cervical biopsy were performed. Hybrid Capture II (HC II) and Cervista tests were used to detect HPV in the RU samples. Results The results of tests on clinician-collected cervical samples were used as the benchmark. The sensitivities of the Cervista tests on vaginal samples and the HC II and Cervista tests on RU samples were 75.00%, 49.07%, and 44.44%, respectively. After we adjusted the HPV detection cutoff value for urine samples based on values in the receiver operating characteristic curve, the sensitivities of the HC II and Cervista tests increased to 63.89% and 58.33%, respectively. In 167 patients, 59 had cervix biopsies showing CIN2 or worse (CIN2+). For CIN2+, the sensitivity was 47.5% and 50.8% in the HC II and Cervista tests on RU samples, respectively. Conclusion HPV tests on RU samples had approximately 60% sensitivity to HPV tests on clinician-collected cervical samples after the cutoff values were adjusted. For CIN2+, the sensitivity was only approximately 50%. Further studies and improvements in urine-based HPV testing are needed to establish it as a more convenient and accessible method for detecting HPV and cervical dysplasia in patients.
Effect of waist circumference and body mass index on respiratory function

Background/Aim: The increase in waist circumference and obesity are among the important human health problems at present. It cannot be denied that this problem, which has a negative effect on many body systems, may also cause negative effects on the respiratory system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of waist circumference and body mass index (WC and BMI, respectively) on spirometric parameters, such as the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity (FEV1 and FVC, respectively). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients who applied to the chest diseases outpatient clinic of our hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2022 and had existing abdominal computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function test results recorded in the hospital system were included. The WC of the patients was measured using the abdominal CT results. The BMI of the patients was measured using their height and weight values. The correlation between the WC, BMI, and spirometric parameters (FEV1, FVC) was examined. Results: A statistically significant correlation between the WC and BMI values of the 90 patients included in the study and their FVC and FEV1 values was found. In the relationship between all evaluated parameters, the P-value was <0.001. Based on the Spearman's correlation test, it was concluded that WC showed a highly negative correlation with both FVC and FEV1 (−0.984 and −0.870, respectively). BMI also had a high negative correlation with FVC and FEV1 (−0.905 and −0.867, respectively). Conclusion: Weight gain, which leads to an increase in WC and BMI, appears to have a negative effect on the respiratory system. To maintain good respiratory function, it is recommended that patients adopt lifestyles that help them avoid gaining weight.
Crushing analysis and multi-objective optimization of different length bi-thin walled cylindrical structures under axial impact loading

ABSTRACT This article attempts to increase the crashworthiness characteristics of energy absorbers. It is found that the effect of the bi-tubular arrangement on the energy absorption and peak force is nonlinear. This nonlinearity is somewhat related to friction but is mostly related to the changing of buckling modes. Therefore, it is possible to reach higher Specific Absorbed Energy (SAE) in the bi-tubular case than with two tubes since the weight is the same in both arrangements while the energy absorption is higher in the bi-tubular case. To exploit this, multi-objective optimization of bi-thin walled cylindrical aluminium tubes under axial impact loading is performed. The absorbed energy and the SAE are considered as the objective functions while the maximum crush load is regarded as a constraint. Finally, the optimal dimensions of tubes are found in order to maximize the SAE and energy absorption for a specified maximum crushing force.
Title: Expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine is an independent prognostic indicator of a poor clinical outcome in oropharyngeal carcinoma patients

Objective: The objectives of the study were to clarify the correlation between the expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and HPV-status, and to determine the prognostic value of SPARC-expression in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients. Methods: Fifty-three formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from patients with OPSCC who underwent curative treatment. The SPARC protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. SPARC-expression level was divided into two categories, SPARC-High and SPARC-Low, according to the staining index. Results: Twenty-two out of the 53 OPSCC patients were HPV-positive. There was no significant correlation between the HPV-status and SPARC-expression level. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the HPV-status and SPARC-expression are independent prognostic indicator of favorable and unfavorable overall survival (OS) ( p = 0.021 and p = 0.012), respectively. For disease-free survival, the HPV-status was the only predictive factor (p = 0.022). After stratification by the HPV-status, high SPARC-expression was a significant predictor of poor OS in HPV-negative OPSCC patients using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test (p = 0.014). Ten out of 28 SPARC-Low patients relapsed, among which 6 patients (60%) were salvaged. However, 14 out of 25 SPARC-High patients relapsed, and only 3 patients (21.4%) were salvaged. Conclusion: SPARC-expression is an indicator of the prognosis in terms of OS independent of HPV-infection. HPV-negative patients with SPARC-Low show survival as favorable as HPV-positive patients, probably because of their higher salvage rate after relapse than SPARC-High patients.
Research for the development of best management practices for minimizing horse trail impacts on the Hoosier National Forest

This research investigates horse trail impacts to gain an improved understanding of the relationship between various levels of horse use, horse trail management alternatives, and subsequent horse trail degradation. A survey of existing horse trails on the Hoosier National Forest was used to collect data on use-related, environmental and management factors to model horse trail impacts. Results are analyzed to identify which factors are most easily manipulated by managers to effectively avoid and minimize horse trail impacts. A specific focus includes evaluating the relative effect of trail use level, surfacing, grade, and water control on indices of erosion and trafficability such as trail cross sectional area, estimated erosion, muddiness, and incision. Overall, the Hoosier National Forest horse trails could be significantly improved by relocating or closing inherited trails that directly ascend slope or are excessively steep, reducing the distance between water control structures, and by applying gravel to harden trail surfaces and reduce soil erosion. A set of Best Management Practices for trails are included as a product of this work, with recommendations based on this research.
Reboxetine: attenuation of intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats.

The ability of reboxetine, a selective inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter and noncompetitive antagonist at neuronal nicotinic receptors, to alter nicotine self-administration in rats was compared with that of mecamylamine, a classical noncompetitive antagonist at nicotinic receptors. The ability of reboxetine to alter sucrose-maintained responding was also examined to assess the specificity of the effect on nicotine self-administration. Rats were trained on a fixed ratio 5 schedule to self-administer nicotine (0.02 mg/kg/infusion i.v.) or to respond for sucrose pellets. Upon reaching a stable baseline, rats were pretreated 15 min before the session with vehicle, reboxetine (racemic), (+)-(S,S)-reboxetine (0.3-30 mg/kg s.c.) or mecamylamine (0.5-4 mg/kg s.c). To assess the effect of repeated administration, reboxetine (5.6 mg/kg) was injected once daily for 14 consecutive sessions before either nicotine self-administration or sucrose-maintained responding. Specificity was further assessed by examining the ability of repeated administration of reboxetine (5.6 mg/kg) to alter nicotine-induced hyperactivity (0.8 mg/kg). Reboxetine, (+)-(S,S)-reboxetine, and mecamylamine dose dependently decreased nicotine self-administration by ~60%, whereas reboxetine and (+)-(S,S)-reboxetine decreased sucrose-maintained responding to a lesser extent (~20%). Repeated administration of reboxetine (5.6 mg/kg) decreased nicotine self-administration and sucrose-maintained responding across the 14 sessions, suggesting that tolerance did not develop to these effects of reboxetine. Additionally, reboxetine did not alter baseline locomotor activity, indicating that the decrease in operant responding for nicotine and sucrose was not the result of a nonspecific decrease in activity. The reboxetine-induced decrease in nicotine self-administration and sucrose-maintained responding may be the result of inhibition of norepinephrine transporters and/or neuronal nicotinic receptor function.
Consolidated Undrained Plane Strain Shear Tests on Boston Blue Clay.

RESULTS OF CONSOLIDATED-UNDRAINED PLANE STRAIN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TESTS ARE REPORTED ON K SUB ZERO CONSOLIDATED SAMPLES OF RESEDIMENTED BOSTON BLUE CLAY AT OVERCONSOLIDATION RATIOS (OCR) OF ONE, TWO, AND FOUR. THE PLANE STRAIN EQUIPMENT, DEVELOPED AT M.I. T. , USES A SAMPLE WITH DIMENSIONS OF 3.5 X 3.5 X 1.4 INCHES. THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL STRESSES CAN BE VARIED INDEPENDENTLY. THE MAGNITUDE OF THE CELL PRESSURE DURING CONSOLIDATION YIELDS VALUES OF K SUB ZERO, AND PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS IN THE FIXED END PLATENS YIELD VALUES OF K SUB ZERO AND INTERMEDIATE PRINCIPAL STRESS. THE APPARATUS GIVES RELIABLE STRESS--STRAIN DATA FOR ACTIVE TESTS; FOR PASSIVE TESTS THE DATA BECOME UNRELIABLE BEYOND 2--4% AXIAL STRAIN BECAUSE OF NECKING AND VARIOUS SOURCES OF "FRICTION. " HOWEVER, A FAILURE CRITERION BASED ON THE MAXIMUM OBLIQUITY OF PRINCIPAL STRESSES GAVE FAIRLY RELIABLE UNDRAINED STRENGTH PARAMETERS FOR PASSIVE CONDITIONS. THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TEST DATA SHOW THAT BOSTON BLUE CLAY HAS HIGHLY ANISOTROPIC UNDRAINED STRENGTH PROPERTIES. FOR NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED CLAY, THE RATIO 0.5 (SIGMA 1 - SIGMA 3): SIGMA VC, WHERE SIGMA 1 AND 3 ARE MAJOR AND MINOR PRINCIPAL STRESSES, RESPECTIVELY, AND THEIR DIFFERENCE IS MAXIMUM; AND WHERE SIGMA VC IS VERTICAL CONSOLIDATION STRESS, IS 0.34 FOR THE ACTIVE AND 0.19 FOR THE PASSIVE CONDITION; THE CORRESPONDING RATIOS AT AN OCR OF FOUR ARE 0.95 AND 0.67. THESE STRENGTH RATIOS HAVE BEEN VERIFIED BY UNDRAINED MODEL FOOTING BEARING CAPACITY TESTS. A COMPARISON OF PLANE STRAIN AND TRIAXIAL TEST DATA SHOWS THAT UNDRAINED TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TESTS AFTER K SUB ZERO CONSOLIDATION YIELD RESULTS VERY SIMILAR TO THOSE OBTAINED BY THE ACTIVE TESTS. HOWEVER, TRIAXIAL EXTENSION TESTS UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS WILL UNDERESTIMATE THE UNDRAINED PASSIVE STRENGTH. /AUTHOR/
Development of the Family Chronicle for Family Nursing Assessment

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop the Chronological Table of the Plot of Family Story (PFS) as a new tool for assessment of the family chronicle, based the Concentric Sphere Family Environment Theory proposed by Hohashi. Method: Five researchers considered the PFS so as to enable use of the family chronicle, based on the records of family ethnography (family interviews/meetings, participant observation and others) conducted in Japan, China (Hong Kong), the Philippines and Indonesia and family case studies. Results: The four-page PFS consists of “a chronological table indicating the relationship and process of the plot of family story, family drama, family story, degree of family events, and condition of changes in the family (family signs/symptoms, family beliefs, family cognition/decisions/acts, etc.). ” Conclusion: The PFS is an effective family nursing tool that can visibly indicate to what degree and in what manner the plot acts on family signs/symptoms.
Spontaneous Confinement of mRNA Molecules at Biomolecular Condensate Boundaries

Cellular biomolecular condensates, termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, are often enriched in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules relative to the surrounding cytoplasm. Yet, the spatial localization and diffusion of mRNAs in close proximity to phase separated RNP granules are not well understood. In this study, we performed single-molecule fluorescence imaging experiments of mRNAs in live cells in the presence of two types of RNP granules, stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), which are distinct in their molecular composition and function. We developed a photobleaching- and noise-corrected colocalization imaging algorithm that was employed to determine the accurate positions of individual mRNAs relative to the granule’s boundaries. We found that mRNAs are often localized at granule boundaries, an observation consistent with recently published data. We suggest that mRNA molecules become spontaneously confined at the RNP granule boundary similar to the adsorption of polymer molecules at liquid–liquid interfaces, which is observed in various technological and biological processes. We also suggest that this confinement could be due to a combination of intermolecular interactions associated with, first, the screening of a portion of the RNP granule interface by the polymer and, second, electrostatic interactions due to a strong electric field induced by a Donnan potential generated across the thin interface.