Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVIAN DENSITY IN DIFFERENT HABITAT TYPS AT PAYA INDAH NATURAL WETLAND RESERVE, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Population monitoring is an essential tool to detect changes in avian community structure for their effective management and conservation. Present study determined bird diversity and density in five habitat types i.e., marsh swamp, lotus swamp, open water body, dryland and shrub patches using distance sampling point count method at Paya Indah Natural Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia from November, 2007 to January, 2009. Overall avian density at the reserve was 83.92 ± 4.53 birds/ha which might range from 75.40 – 93.41 birds/ha at 95% confidence interval. Highest bird density was recorded in November, 2007 (11.83 ± 1.92 birds/ha), and the lowest in April, 2008 (3.01 ± 0.45 birds/ha). Marsh Swamp habitat supported the highest avian density (i.e. 136.55 ± 21.21 birds/ha) and open water body lowest one i.e., 70.40 ± 11.14 birds/ha. Yellow-vented Bulbul – Pycnonotus goiavier was the most abundant bird species of Marsh Swamp (11.81 ± 1.30 birds/ha), and Dryland (13.93 ± 1.42 birds/ha), Jungle Myna – Acridotheres tristis (8.43 ± 2.07 birds/ha) for Open Water Body while Scaly-breasted Munia – Lonchura punctulata (31.52 ± 4.75 birds/ha) and Pinknecked Green Pigeon – Treron vernans (19.99 ± 4.52 birds/ha) was the most dominant species of Lotus Swamp and Shrub Patches, respectively. However, 26 bird species (each) of Marsh Swamp and Lotus Swamp, 20 species of Open Water Body, 28 species (each) of Dryland and Shrub Patches were not analyzed due to the small sample size (< 5 detections). Kruskal–Wallis One–Way Nonparametric ANOVA and Tukey’s (HSD) test results showed that bird density of marsh swamp habitat is significantly different from shrub patches, open water body and lotus swamp habitat (F4, 285 = 6.31, P < 0.05). This study highlighted that Paya Indah Natural Wetland Reserve encompasses heterogeneous vegetation that provides diversity food resources, suitable loafing, safe foraging and breeding sites for wide array of avian species.
Establishment, graft union characteristics and growth of Prunus micrografts

A micrografting technique for use on shoots derived by shoot-tip culture is described. Autografts of Prunus domestica cv. Hauszwetsche as well as heterografts of several sour cherry cultivars (Prunus cerasus L. cvs Schattenmorelle, Weiroot 158, Koroser) were established. Successful graft formation in vitro was confirmed by translation of 86Rb+ from the stock root into growing scion tissues. A mechanically strong graft union was formed during the course of a 3-week subculture of micrografts in a liquid medium without the addition of growth regulators. In the case of graft rejection, 86Rb+ was mainly attracted to new developing shoots from lateral meristems of the stock plant. Histological examination of the graft union revealed callus formation, cytodifferentiation and xylogenesis leading to the formation of vascular connections. Stem elongation after micrografting was related to vigour of the stock and scion genotypes. Early stem elongation could be used as a criterion for preselection of growth vigour in graft combinations. Micrografts were transferred to soil and grown in the greenhouse.
Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the direct relationship between organizational socialization and supervisor rated job performance along with moderating role of value congruence. The study is time lagged and data is collected in two time lags from the newly joined teachers of different colleges/universities. Sample size of the study is 300. Data was analyzed using Structure Equation Modeling technique and Haye‟s PROCESS model for moderation. The authors found significant direct relationship between organizational socialization and newcomers‟ job performance. Further, moderating role of value congruence in the direct relationship is also proved. The study proves that organizations should hire those employees who have value congruence with organizational values and should focus upon organizational socialization strategies for them to increase their job performance. Moreover, the study proves that value congruence moderates the relationship between organizational socialization strategies and supervisor rated job performance.
Carbon fractions in the rhizosphere of pea inoculated with 2,4 diacetylphloroglucinol producing and non‐producing Pseudomonas fluorescens F113

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of wild type and functionally modified Pseudomonas fluorescens strains on C fractions in the rhizosphere of pea. The lacZY marked F113 strain produces the antibiotic 2,4 diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) useful in plant disease control. The modified strain of F113 was represented in production of DAPG, creating the DAPG negative strain F113 G22. The F113 treatment resulted in a significantly lower shoot/root ratio. The F113 G22 treatment had a significantly greater indigenous and total fluorescent Pseudomonas population than the control and F113 (DAPG+) treatment. Both strains significantly increased the water soluble carbohydrates and the total water soluble carbon in the pea rhizosphere soil. Strain F113 significantly increased the soil protein content relative to the control, but not in relation to the F113 G22 treatment. The F113 treatment had a significantly greater organic acid content than the control and F113 G22 treatments, whilst the F113 G22 treatment was also significantly greater than the control. Both inocula resulted in significantly lower phosphate contents than the control. The F113 inocula significantly increased alkaline phosphatase, sulphatase and urease activities, and reduced β glucosidase activities indicating increased carbon availability. Both inocula increased C availability ; however, antibiotic production by strain F113 reduced the utilisation of organic acids released from the plant resulting in differing effects of the two strains on nutrient availability, plant growth, soil enzyme activities and Pseudomonas populations.
The potential protective role of flaxseed extract on ventral prostate in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes: A histological and immunohistochemical study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that can affect the reproductive system leading to fertility dysfunction. The prostate plays an important role in the reproduction and it is a frequent target for diabetic complications. Flaxseed is a promising alternative in many chronic diseases due to its health benefits. It has a proposed role in controlling diabetes due to its wide pharmacological activities. im: Evaluation of the possible protective role of flaxseed extract on the ventral prostate gland of diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were used as a control group and experimental group that received a single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The experimental rats with confirmed diabetes mellitus were subdivided into: diabetic group that kept without treatment and diabetic–flaxseed group (400 mg/kg/day orally). After four weeks, specimens of the ventral prostate lobes were processed for histological and immunohistochemical study using antibodies against Bcl-2, α-smooth muscle actin and androgen receptor. Results: In comparison with the control, specimens of the diabetic group showed glandular epithelial atrophy with thickening of the fibromuscular stroma. Reduced epithelial height and a statistically significant decrease in Bcl2 immunoexpression were observed in the epithelial cells. A statistically significant increase in the collagen fibers and α-SMA immunoexpression was seen in the stroma. Androgen receptor immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in both epithelial and stromal cells. In contrast, minimal changes appeared in diabetic-flaxseed group that received flaxseed extract. Conclusion: Diabetes induced structural alterations in the ventral prostate gland of rats. Administration of flaxseed extract attenuated these effects and partially preserved the glandular structure.
Dry grasslands in the Western Carpathians and the northern Pannonian Basin: a numerical classification

A syntaxonomical revision of dry grasslands of the alliances Bromo pannonici-Festucion pallentis, Festucion valesiacae and Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis (class Festuco-Brometea) in the natural biogeographical region of the Western Carpathians and northern Pannonian Basin is presented. A geographically stratified data set of 2686 releves from the south-eastern Czech Republic, northeastern Austria, Slovakia and northern Hungary was divided into 25 clusters using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm. The proposed classification simplifies and unifies the previous syntaxonomical systems, which differ in these four countries. Main environmental gradients responsible for variation in species composition of theses grasslands were revealed by detrended correspondence analysis and interpreted using indicator values. The major pattern of variation reflects soil nutrient availability and moisture, which are negatively correlated with soil reaction.
Isotopic (δ15N and δ13C) evidence for intersexual foraging differences and temporal variation in habitat use in waved albatrosses

Waved albatrosses (Phoebastria irrorata Salvin, 1883) forage close to their breeding grounds on Isla Espanola, Galapagos, during the short chick-brooding stage and make long trips to the Peruvian upwelling during incubation and chick rearing. Previous studies have suggested foraging segregation by sex: females spend more time searching than males do while foraging in the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), and band recoveries suggest higher bycatch vulnerability of males in the Peruvian upwelling. We used stable isotope analysis (δ15N and δ13C) of whole blood of adult male and female albatrosses to test for intraspecific foraging segregation in this sexually dimorphic species. Analysis of serial blood samples revealed higher δ15N values in males, suggesting consumption of prey items of higher trophic level. We also detected seasonal variation in foraging ecology, with higher δ15N values at the beginning of the breeding season. Sex and regional differences in δ13C values were not significant, reflecting primar.
Comparison of SDS gel capillary electrophoresis with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology to quantify relative amounts of 7S and 11S proteins from 20 soybean cultivars.

Summary SDS gel capillary electrophoresis (Beckman–Coulter ProteomeLab) and the lab-on-a-chip technology (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer) were used to quantify the relative amount of 7S and 11S fractions in twenty different soybean cultivars. The better repeatability of the migration times and peak areas was achieved for the Bioanalyzer. Both lab-on-a-chip instrument and a traditional capillary gel electrophoresis were shown to be adequate for analysis of soy-based products. Integrating the area of peaks within a certain range of molecular weights was used to calculate the relative content of each protein subunit. Poor agreement in the classification in the protein subunit groups between the two instruments was observed. Therefore, the approach of visual identification taking into account both the variability in the position of the peaks and the detection of different number of peaks between the profiles was applied. This resulted in statistically significant correlation being observed between 11S/7S ratios determined by Bioanalyzer and ProteomeLab (R = 0.82). The reported differences in 11S and 7S content between the studies are likely to be affected by the differences in the techniques used to analyse soy protein subunits. A brief presentation of the chemometric analysis of electrophoretic profiles as a common method for transforming electrophoretograms to multivariate data sets is shown.
Morphology and morphogenesis of Rubrioxytricha indica n. sp. (Ciliophora: Hypotrichida)

Summary. Rubrioxytricha indica n. sp. 80 × 30 µm in vivo was isolated from a pond in New Delhi, India. It possesses a single caudal cirrus and numerous brown coloured crystalloids in the cytoplasm and three contractile vacuoles. Uniformly scattered dark granu les are present either as single entities or in clusters of 2-5. The ventral ciliature consists of 18 frontal-ventral-transverse cirri, one row each of right and left marginal cirri, three long dorsal kineties, two dorsomarginal rows, two undulating membranes (UMs) in Cyrtohymena pattern (Berger and Foissner 1997) and a question mark shaped adoral zone of membranelles. The cirrus V/3 participates in morphogenesis at very late stages of division; its kinetosomes merging with the posterior part of the developing UMs of the opisthe. There is no spli tting of the third dorsal primordium. Consequently three dorsal kineties (DK 1-3 ) are formed and only one caudal cirrus develops at the end of DK 3 .
Morphology of peripheral blood cells from various species of Turkish herpetofauna.

In this study, measurements of morphological and size parameters of peripheral blood cells (erythrocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte) on blood smear preparation devices stained with Wright’s stain were given for 87 species from Turkish herpetofauna (19 amphibian species including 7 urodeles and 12 anurans as well as 68 reptile species including 4 turtles, 30 lizards and 34 snake. It was determined that erythrocyte and nucleus sizes showed great variations among the species of herpetofauna and even among the preparations of the same species; the largest blood cells (erythrocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte) were found in urodeles; aquatic and semiaquatic species had larger erythrocytes than terrestrials, and the largest erythrocytes were in turtles among the reptile species examined. Lymphocytes were determined as the predominant cells among the blood leucocytes in blood smears of all the examined species.
Estimation of virulence type and level of soybean cyst nematode field populations in response to resistant cultivars

The use of resistant cultivars is the most common practice in managing the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines. Currently, most commercial SCN-resistant soybean cultivars were developed from a single source of resistance, plant introduction (PI) 88788. The effect of crop sequences including rotations of SCN-susceptible soybean ‘sturdy’ with SCN-resistant soybean ‘freeborn’ carrying resistance derived from PI 88788, soybean ‘Pioneer 9234’ carrying resistance derived from PI 548402 (peking), and nonhost corn was studied at two field sites in southern Minnesota, the United States. Parasitic ability of SCN measured as a female index (FI) on PI 88788 and freeborn increased with the number of years freeborn was planted. After more than 5 years of freeborn, either in monoculture or rotation with other soybean cultivars and corn, the SCN population changed from the original race 3 (HG type 0 or 7) to race 1 (HG type 2.7 or 2.5.7). After 10 years of freeborn, the changed nematode population reproduced freely on the once resistant cultivar (FI > 60). There was no selection pressure from the use of PI 88788-resistance on SCN populations that can overcome peking resistance. Planting 3 or fewer years of Pioneer 9234 had no noticeable effect on the virulence phenotype of the SCN population. This study suggests that more cultivars from resistance sources other than PI 88788 are urgently needed for effective management of the nematode in Minnesota and other regions in the world.
Long-term effects of fire frequency and season on herbaceous vegetation in savannas of the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Aims: The long-term effects of changing fire regimes on the herbaceous component of savannas are poorly understood but essential for understanding savanna dynamics. We present results from one of the longest running (>44 years) fire experiments in savannas, the experimental burn plots (EBPs), which is located in the Kruger National Park (South Africa) and encompasses four major savanna vegetation types that span broad spatial gradients of rainfall (450–700 mm) and soil fertility. Methods: Herbaceous vegetation was sampled twice in the EBPs using a modified step-point method, once prior to initiation of the experiment (1954) and again after 44–47 years. Different combinations of three fire frequency (1-, 2- and 3-year return intervals) and five season (before the first spring rains, after the first spring rains, mid-summer, late summer and autumn) treatments, as well as a fire exclusion treatment, were applied at the plot level (;7 ha each), with each treatment (n = 12 total) replicated four times at each of the four sites (n = 192 plots total). The effects of long-term alterations to the fire regime on grass community structure and composition were analyzed separately for each site.
Evolutionary History of Poales

▪ Abstract The predominantly wind-pollinated order Poales includes about one third of all monocot (Angiosperm) species, with c. 20,000 species dominating modern savanna and steppe vegetation. Recent improvements in understanding relationships within the order allow phylogenetic optimizations of habitat preferences and adaptive character states, enabling exploration of the factors that have influenced evolution in this successful order. Poales probably originated in the late Cretaceous in wet nutrient–poor sunny habitats. By the Paleogene the lineage had diversified into swamps, the forest understory, epiphytic habitats, and nutrient-poor heathlands. The Neogene saw major diversifications of the grasses and possibly the sedges into fire-adapted vegetation in seasonal climates and low atmospheric CO2. Diversification into these habitats was facilitated by morphological features such as the sympodial habit and physiological factors that allowed frequent evolution of CO2-concentrating mechanisms.
Lymphocytes bearing the γδ T cell receptor in acute Brucella melitensis infection

A phenotypical analysis carried out by indirect immunofluorescence and two‐color cytofluorometry showed that the number of lymphocytes bearing the γδ T cell receptor (TcR) heterodimer was dramatically increased in the blood of six children with Brucella melitensis infection. Most in vivo expanded γδ T cells reacted with a monoclonal antibody which identifies Vδ2 gene products and a significant proportion expressed CD25 and HLA‐DR activation antigens. In addition, whereas only a few γδ T lymphocytes were CD8+, nearly all were CD4−. Highly enriched populations of both αβ and γδ T cells were obtained by negative immunoselection from three subjects with brucellosis sampled during convalescence. Despite the different form of their TcR, the proliferation of these two major T cell subsets in response to a mitogenic anti‐CD3 monoclonal reagent (OKT3) was optimal. In contrast, αβ, but not γδ, T lymphocytes proliferated vigorously in response to the antigenic stimulus elicited by heat‐killed Brucella. Further studies are, therefore, needed to determine whether the selective expansion of the γδ T cell subpopulation observed during the clinical course of the infection is driven by antigenic determinant(s) borne by the pathogen in vivo or is due to host‐derived stimuli, such as autologous heat‐shock proteins expressed on the surface of the infected cells.
Mericitabine and Either Boceprevir or Telaprevir in Combination with Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus Ribavirin for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Infection and Prior Null Response: The Randomized DYNAMO 1 and DYNAMO 2 Studies

Most patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection who have had a previous null response (<2-log10 reduction in HCV RNA by treatment week 12) to peginterferon/ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) do not achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) when re-treated with a first-generation HCV protease inhibitor (PI) administered in combination with PegIFN/RBV. We studied the incremental benefits associated with adding mericitabine (nucleoside analog inhibitor of HCV polymerase) to PI plus PegIFN alfa-2a/RBV-based therapy in two double-blind randomized multicenter phase 2 trials (with boceprevir in DYNAMO 1, and with telaprevir in DYNAMO 2). The primary endpoint in both trials was SVR, defined as HCV RNA <25 IU/mL 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Overall, the addition of mericitabine to PI plus PegIFN alfa-2a/RBV therapy resulted in SVR12 rates of 60–70% in DYNAMO 1 and of 71–96% in DYNAMO 2. SVR12 rates were similar in patients infected with HCV genotype 1a and 1b in both trials. The placebo control arms in both studies were stopped because of high rates of virological failure. Numerically lower relapse rates were associated with longer treatment with mericitabine (24 versus 12 weeks), telaprevir-containing regimens, and regimens that included 48 weeks of PegIFN alfa-2a/RBV therapy. No mericitabine resistance mutations were identified in any patient in either trial. The addition of mericitabine did not add to the safety burden associated with either telaprevir or boceprevir-based regimens. These studies demonstrate increased SVR rates and reduced relapse rates in difficult-to-treat patients when a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor with intermediate antiviral potency is added to regimens containing a first-generation PI. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01482403 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01482390
Factors Affecting the Inosine Monophosphate Content of Muscles in Taihe Silkies Chickens

In this paper, changes in the concentration of inosine monophosphate (IMP) of muscles in Taihe Silkies chickens from 2 to 28 weeks of age were studied. The results showed that: (1) with increasing age, IMP content of muscles decreased continuously. (2) the relationship between body weight and IMP content of musculus pectoralis major was significantly negative (p<0.01), so was body weight and IMP content of musculus peronaeus, and their coefficients of correlation were -0.45, -0.38 respectively; the relationship between IMP contents of musculus pectoralis major and that of musculus peronaeus was more significantly positive (p<0.01), and its coefficient of correlation was 0.59. (3) by multiple regression analysis, changes of IMP content of muscles depended on the weeks of age and body weight. (4) from 2 to 28 weeks of age, the heritabilities of IMP content of musculus pectoralis major were calculated between 0.33-0.48, and those of musculus peronaeus were calculated between 0.51-0.69. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2002. Vol 15, No. 9 : 1358-1363)
Legislating Versus Campaigning: The Legislative Behavior of Higher Office-Seekers

How does a campaign for higher office affect legislators’ behavior on the floor of the House? I argue that legislators with progressive ambition have incentives to demonstrate policy specialization; however, these incentives are mitigated when ambitious legislators campaign for higher office. I develop a measure of policy specialization from floor speeches and test hypotheses with data from the careers of five classes of representatives in the U.S. House. Results show that higher office-seekers demonstrate greater specialization, except when they run for higher office.