Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Anthropozoic era revisited

This paper explains in some detail the poorly known proposal of Stoppani (1873) regarding the Anthropozoic era, whose beginning was defined by the first traces of human presence on Earth. This author set the stratigraphic bases for the definition of the “human era”, but the proposal had two main weaknesses: the dismissal of biological evolution and the lack of an absolute chronology. Further developments in radiometric/paleomagnetic dating and the elucidation of the main trends and timing of human evolution have provided the necessary information to update the original Anthropocene proposal in chronological terms, maintaining Stoppani’s original definition and stratigraphic markers. This updated proposal follows the rules of the International Stratigraphic Guide and situates the beginning of the Anthropozoic era at the beginning of the Quaternary, when the first human fossils, corresponding to the first species of the genus Homo, and their cultural manifestations have been identified and dated. Therefore, the new Anthropozoic era would follow the Cenozoic era, which ended with the Neogene period. Defined in this way, the Quaternary period and its Pleistocene and Holocene epochs would be situated in the new Anthropozoic era. The main advantages of the updated Anthropozoic proposal are discussed and compared with the Anthropocene proposal, which is currently in progress. It is suggested that the updated Anthropozoic proposal might be fully elaborated to evaluate whether it would be submitted to the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences for its eventual formalization.
HULLESS BARLEY DIGESTIBILITY IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IN PIGS

This study was conducted to examine if the use of dual digestibility markers as well as differences in neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) contents and dietary crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) levels were responsible for the large variability of apparent ileal AA digestibility values in barley samples for growing-finishing pigs. Six barrows, with average initial and final body weights of 30.5 and 58.6 kg, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum and fed six barley-based diets at close to ad libitum feed intake according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The six diets contained 97% barley samples varying in CP and AA contents. Chromic oxide (Cr2O3) and acid-insoluble ash (AIA) were used as digestibility markers. Each experimental period consisted of 7 d. Ileal digesta was collected at 2-h intervals for a total of 24 h. There were large differences (P < 0.05) in the apparent ileal CP and AA digestibility values among the barley samples as determined by both the Cr2O3 and the AIA markers. The use of Cr2O3 and AIA markers and differences in NDF contents had no effects (P > 0.05) on the variability of the apparent ileal CP and AA digestibility values among the barley samples. The use of the dual digestibility markers had no effects (P > 0.05) on the determination of apparent ileal CP and AA digestibility values in the majority of the diets. Differences in dietary CP and AA contents were primarily responsible for the large differences (P < 0.05) of the apparent ile* Supported by the Alberta Agricultural Research Trust, Halchemix Inc., Canada and Heartland Lysine Inc., Chicago, IL 1 Corresponding author: e-mail: mfan@uoguelph.ca 786 ILEAL AA DIGESTIBILITY IN BARLEY FOR PIGS 787 FAN M.Z. , SAUER W.C. al CP and AA digestibility values among the barley samples. Apparent ileal CP and AA digestibility values determined in barley samples are not reliable and should not be used in diet formulation for pigs. True ileal CP and AA digestibility values directly determined from various barley samples should be used in diet formulation for pigs.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TRAUMATIC RETICULOPERITONITIS AND TRAUMATIC PERICARDITIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO

This study was carried out to make a comparative clinicopathological, radiographic, and ultrasonographic findings in different forms of TRP & TP in cows and buffalo. Moreover, to verify the response of both animal species to foreign body syndrome. The present investigation was carried out on 60 animals (diseased buffalo n=22, diseased cow n=18, healthy cow n=10, healthy buffalo n=10). The diseased animals were allocated into 5 groups based on clinical signs and duration of illness. Full case history was obtained and all animals were subjected to thorough clinical examination. Blood samples were obtained for hematological and biochemical analysis. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination of reticulum and the cardiac area was performed. The hematological analysis showed a significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb concentration and PCV% with leukocytosis in all diseased groups. The blood serum biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in total proteins with a significant increase in globulin and a significant decrease in the albumin concentration in chronic TRP affected cows and buffalo. Haptoglobin was significantly increased in acute TRP buffalo and TP in both cattle and buffalo while IgG was significantly decreased in acute TRP buffalo but increased in chronic conditions. However, cardiac troponin-I concentration increased only in TP affected animals. Finally, it could Comparative Study On Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis . Shimaa Fawzy et. , al. Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 18 be concluded that changes in serum protein pattern are an important tool for differentiation between acute and chronic TRP. Cardiac troponin-I is an indicator of TP in cattle and buffalo. Ultrasonography has been suggested as a reliable tool and a method of choice for imaging and evaluating the severity of Traumatic pericarditis. There were non-significant biochemical changes between cattle and buffalo in response to the foreign body syndrome.
ASSESSING DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT ZONES TROUGH YIELD MAPS

The knowledge of the temporal stability of yield is very important in the decision making process, allowing to make more precise estimates of the risks associated with agricultural investments. Therefore, this study aims to check for yield stability in grain crops and define management zones using yield maps. Temporal inconsistencies lead to problems of yield scale, demanding a suitable data normalization, and small spatial inconsistencies pollute the data within a same range of comparison along years, demanding suitable filtering or majority rule within cells. In a first step of the work, for a historical sequence of yield datasets, two normalizations techniques were applied, three distinct filtering procedures were tested, and 11 within cell parameters were extracted for two distinct grids with two distinct cell-sizes (10m and 30m) cells upon the processed data). Pearson correlations along the data series showed higher values for global filtering procedure and 30m cell sizes; but the lower correlations values found for strength filtering procedures, cell classification by majority normalized value and smaller cell-size may suggest that the highest correlation obtained could be due to spatial data pollution which approximates values not spatially but also in time-series. In a second step of the work, yield maps were standardized and then submitted to principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the data and determine the main causes of the variability in each field. The principal components with eigenvalues greater than one were kept and their scores were used to do a cluster analyses by the k-means method, delineating three management zones. The results yield maps of corn showed high temporal stability, suggesting that this crop has a great potential to delineate management zones. The proposed methods were efficient to delineate management zones identifying different yield potential zones an also given an estimate of each zone temporal stability.
Sorghum mutation breeding for tolerance to water deficit under climate change

This study aimed at creating genetic variability by induced mutagenesis in farmers’ preferred sorghum variety (ICSV1049) to breed mutant lines for water deficit tolerance. Sorghum seeds were irradiated by gamma rays and sown as one panicle-to-one progeny method. Putative lines M5 (143) and parent were screened under water deficit stress. Data analysis showed that leaf senescence (LS) was positively correlated to relative water content (RWC), panicle weight (PaWt), grain weight (GrWt) and chlorophyll content 13 days after water deficit application (SPAD II). Semi-dwarf trait (SDwf) with plants height (Ht)<100 cm were observed among 3.38% of lines, while 13.5% exhibited early maturity (<90 days). The leaves of 87.3% of lines were semi-erectile. Averaged overall lines, mutation has reduced date to flowering (DaFl), date to grain maturity (DaMa) and LS at 9.2, 4.1 and 8.1% compared to the parent, respectively. However, SPAD I (chlorophyll content first day of water deficit application), SPAD II, RWC, GrWt, PaWt and Ht were increased at 30.8, 40.5, 36.5, 22.2, 37.5 and 9.3%, respectively. Based on the results, seven mutant lines exhibited tolerance to water deficit. Key words: Mutagenesis, genetic variability, drought-tolerance.
Importance of Association Size Measuring the Bridging Nature of Voluntary Organizations : The

Recently, a distinction between bridging and bonding networks has been made in the social capital literature. Bridging groups are often expected to have greater effects on democratic norm development and to generate more positive externalities on society than bonding networks.To allow application of these theoretical constructs in practice, however, an adequate measurement of bridging versus bonding networks is crucial. One approach builds on connections between voluntary associations through individuals with multiple memberships. However, simply counting the number of members’ additional memberships in other associations, as in previous work, is inappropriate. Indeed, we illustrate that this is biased towards finding that large associations are more bonding.We then propose a technique to alleviate this bias and illustrate that the proposed correction is crucial to avoid erroneous conclusions in tests of the hypothesis that membership in bridging or bonding associations is differently related to individuals’ civic attitudes.
Effect of Brand Image, Price, and Quality of Product on The Smartphone Purchase Decision

One of the competing mobile brands in Indonesia is xiaomi, the xiaomi brand itself began to be known by the people of Indonesia since 2013 and successfully exploded in the market in 2014 by creating their flagship product, smartphone. Various findings of a good product quality will affect the brand image of a product, brand image describes the results of the views or perceptions of consumers towards a particular brand, which is based on comparison and consideration with several other brands, on the same type of product. This research aims is to find out whether there is a significant influence between product quality, brand image, and price on smartphone purchase decision. This research uses a multiple regression approach and 100 respondent in Yogyakarta provincy, the results of the research output show that all hypotheses tested show achievement in accordance with the research parameters .
Comparative study on the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy is a serious threat to human health, and its incidence is on the rise. End-stage diabetic nephropathy (ESDN) requires extra investigation due to its complexity and severity, as well as serious concurrent diseases. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the treatment of ESDN. Methods: Clinical data of 84 patients with ESDN admitted to our hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an HD group that received hemodialysis and a PD group that received peritoneal dialysis. Their general conditions, biochemical indicators, residual renal function and incidence of complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: (1) No significant difference in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, body weight, or urine output was detected between the two groups at the beginning of dialysis (P>0.05). (2) Compared to the PD group, the HD group had significantly lower total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) (P<0.05), and significantly higher total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) after treatment (P<0.05). (3) The two groups also showed significant difference in residual renal function after treatment (P<0.05). (4) The HD group had significantly higher systolic pressure than the PD group after treatment (P<0.05). And more cases of infection were observed in the PD group than the HD group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both HD and PD are used for treatment of ESDN, and can achieve similar calcium and phosphorus control. Compared to HD, PD has less adverse effect on hemodynamics and better preserves residual renal function, but is more likely to cause malnutrition and disorders of lipid metabolism. Therefore, choice of dialysis method should be based on specific conditions of each patient.
Molecular Markers Application for Blast Resistance Selection on the Double Haploid Rice Population

Blast disease, caused by fungal Pyricularia grisea Sacc. , is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. The use of blast-resistant rice varieties is one of the most e fficient ways to control blast disease in rice. Bla st-resistant varieties can be produced through breeding. The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) available to support selectio n of resistant lines based on resistance gene. The objective of th is research was to compare the resistance response of the double haploid lines with the differential varieties to th ree selected Indonesian blast races and to identify the resistance genes caused the resistance to blast based on the resista nce response and the genotype evaluation using molecular markers. Forty-nine double haploid lines from a double cross ing IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/Markuti were selected using molecular markers based on the targeted genes Pib , Pi1 , Pi2 , Pi9 , Pi33 , Pir4 , and Pir7 . To compare the phenotype selection, ten LTH monogenic lines of differential varieties were used. All plants tested were inocula ted by three selected Indonesian blast races. The results show t hat the Pib gene caused a resistance to race 123, while the Pi1 and Pir7 genes caused a resistance to race 123 and 133. The Pi2 , Pi9 , Pi33 , and Pir4 genes did not cause a resistance to race 123, 133, or 173.
Life History of the Pigmy Salamander, Desmognathus wrighti, in Virginia

Eggs of Desmognathus wrighti containing late embryos were found on October 16, 1958, at Whitetop Mountain, Smyth County, Virginia. Transformation in this species occurs prior to hatching. The eggs, hatchlings, and hatching process are described and figured. Recently captured adults of this species engaged in courtship during the fall and spring of 1958-59. The courtship pattern, sex recognition method, and aggressive behavior are described and the spermatophore is described and figured.
New Endosperm Mutations Induced by Chemical Mutagens in Rice Oryza sativa L.

Various kinds of mutations for endosperm or embryo character were induced in rice by treatment with three kinds of chemical mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ethylene imine (EI) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). MNU induced few mutations in the treatment of dry seeds, but considerably more through the treatment of fertilized egg cells. The frequency of endosperm mutations was lower than that of chlorophyll mutations. The white core mutation was induced most frequently among mutations for endosperm or embryo character. Each of the mutants, except for floury mutant CM 2055, was controlled by a single recessive gene. Dull mutants were intermediate between waxy and non-waxy rice in the degrees of translucence and of staining by I-KI solution. The degrees of them were different among lines, although they were almost the same within a line. The phenotypic manifestations of white core and floury mutants were caused by the loose packing of round compound starch granules in their endosperm cells. From the analogy of grain features of rice with maize, the glassy and the floury types of wrinkled mutation were named as 'sugary' and 'shrunken', respectively. In addition to various endosperm mutations, a mutation for embryo character, 'giant embryo', was induced.
What drives the inflow of FDI in OIC countries? Evidence from Top 10 hosts of inward FDI flows

Purpose ­­­ – This study investigates the driven factors of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in selected OIC member countries. The selection of samples observation based on the top 10 hosts of inward FDI flows countries, includes the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Morocco, Indonesia, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Oman, and Malaysia. Methodology – The data for this study are obtained from World Bank and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database for the period 2001-2018. This study adopted panel regression analyses and utilized the Random Effect Model. Findings – This study reveals that GDP and trade openness were positive and significantly plays a vital role in driving the FDI inflow. Whereas, the exchange rate, inflation, and human development index did not have a significant impact on FDI inflow in the top 10 hosts of inward FDI flows countries. Research limitation – The main limitation of this research is the lack of a variable that represents the Islamicity index, which can differentiate the driven factors of FDI in Muslim and non-Muslim organization countries. Practical implication – This study suggests that members of OIC countries should provide a conducive investment environment which is represented by higher GDP growth and engage in various international trade agreements because those factors have higher possibilities in impacting the FDI inflow. Moreover, the rules which describe the investment priority amongst the member of OIC countries must be ratified immediately to decrease the percentage of the FDI inflows goes to non-OIC members. Originality – This study has advanced the knowledge by examining the driven factors of FDI in the specifically selected members of OIC countries, which based on the highest FDI inward. Thus, this study provides significant insights for policymakers for the rest of the member OIC countries to attract FDI inflows referring to the top 10 hosts of inward FDI flows countries.
First reported case series of Candida krusei peritonitis secondary to a perforated viscus

Candida peritonitis has an incidence of 3-12% and is associated with high mortality, prolonged hospital admission and increased health care costs. Candida krusei is an uncommon Candida species worldwide, accounting for 2.5% of candidaemia isolates. It is a potentially multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen due to its intrinsic fluconazole resistance and decreased susceptibility to other antifungals. Although an uncommon isolate, Candida krusei is an important differential as a cause of abdominal sepsis.
SOME STUDIES ON PROBIOTICS AS A FEED ADDITIVE IN TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS) FINGERLINGS

The current study has been carried out to evaluate the potential benefits of adding either active or inactive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) to the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed on its performances. The experiment lasted for a 100 days period, using a total number of 150; about 16 g Nile tilapia finger ling which were randomly distributed into 15 aquaria representing 5 groups, each group of 3 replicates. Fish were fed a balanced ration at a rate of 3% of fish body weight along the experimental period. The five groups were fed basal diet, (T1) without any addition as control, supplied with 0.1 % and 0.2 % active yeast for (T2) and (T3) or supplied with 0.2 % and 0.4 % inactive yeast for T4 and T5 respectively. Results indicated that, the fish fed yeast supplemented diets revealed significant improvement in growth parameters (body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio) and better serological parameters. Also a positive non specific immune induction was realized from the increased amount of total globulins. Meanwhile, feeding the lower level of active yeast 0.1 % for (T2) group gave the best results and an economical approach to improve aquaculture outputs. It could be concluded that feeding a ration supplemented with 0.1 % active yeast, Saccharomyces cervicae, could improve both health status and growth performance of Nile tilapia.
Precipitation Structure and Processes of Typhoon Nari (2001): A Modeling Propsective

Typhoon Nari (2001) struck Taiwan on 16 September 2001; it brought heavy rainfall, fresh flood, and caused severe economical and societal damage, including 92 human lives. The record-breaking 24-48 hour accumulated rainfall in many parts of Taiwan caused widespread flooding, and a great loss of human life and property damage. During the formation stage, Nari mostly stayed over the eastern Pacific Ocean with warm sea surface temperature above 29C. Both the air-sea interaction and large-scale atmospheric circulation contributed to the unique movement of Nari. Analysis revealed that Nari’s heavy rains were due to warm ocean temperature, Nari’s unique track and slow moving speed, and the steep terrain of Taiwan (Sui et al. 2002). The objective of this study is to investigate the key microphysical and precipitation processes responsible for heavy rainfalls of Typhoon Nari (2001).
Investor Sentiment, Sovereign Debt Mispricing, and Economic Outcomes

We find that countries which are able to borrow at spreads that seem low given fundamentals (for example because investors take a bullish view on a country's future), are more likely to develop economic difficulties later on. We obtain this result through a two-stage procedure, where a first regression links sovereign spreads to fundamentals, after which residuals from this regression are deployed in a second stage to assess their impact on future outcomes (real GDP growth and the occurrence of fiscal crises). We confirm the relevance of past sovereign debt mispricing in several out-of-sample exercises, where they reduce the RMSE of real GDP growth forecasts by as much as 15 percent. This provides strong support for theories of sentiment affecting the business cycle. Our findings also suggest that countries shouldn't solely rely on spread levels when determining their fiscal strategy; underlying fundamentals should inform policy as well, since historical relationships between spreads and fundamentals often continue to apply in the medium-to-long run.
DEVELOPMENT OF PINK DISEASE ON VARIOUS AGES OF Acacia crassicarpa CUNN EX. BENTH.

Development of pink disease on the various ages of Acacia crassicarpa Cunn Ex. Benth. The increase in the value of pulp and paper exports in Indonesia is partly due to the development of industrial forest plantations of acacia on peatlands. Acacia crassicarpa grows well on peatlands with high productivity. However, the development of pink disease is a threat to the growth of A. crassicarpa, both in the nursery and in the field. This study aimed at examining the development of pink disease on the various ages of A. crassicarpa. The study was conducted using census method on plants at aged 4, 24 and 42 months. Variables observed were symptoms, incidence, and severity of disease. Data were analyzed descriptively and regressively to understand the relationship between the incidence and severity of the disease and the age of the plant. The results showed that the symptoms that appearing at the seedling level were similar to those the sapling, poles and tree level. The presence of thin colonies of cobweb-like (cobweb stage), mycelia aggregation from the cobweb stage (pseudonodular stage), and the appearance of pustules and pink incrustation (teleomorph stage) were common symptom. However, disease incidence and severity were moderate at the seedling and mild at the saplings, poles and trees level. The incidence and severity of disease decreased with increasing age.