Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acidentes e Violências: caracterização dos atendimentos no pronto-socorro de um hospital universitário Accidents and Violence: characteristics of the medical cares in the emergency room's university hospital

Abstract This article, of an exploratory-descriptive character,aims to characterize the medical care provided in ca-ses of accidents and violence in the emergency roomof a university hospital, located in the interior of thestate of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The data were obtai-ned from the registers of a monitoring system called“Observatorio de Acidentes e Violencia” (Observatoryof Accidents and Violence), which exists in the ur-gency and emergency services in RS and acts as asentry of these injuries. The results showed thatyoung adults who are non-workers and have low scho-oling are the main victims of accidents and violence.The most frequent types of occurrence were domesticaccidents and traffic accidents, generating as themost constant injuries wounds in the head and femurfractures. With regard to the sex, although for sometypes of accidents and violence the predominancevaried between them, the set of data showed greatermasculine vulnerability, especially in cases of inter-personal violence. Thus, the consequences of accidentsand violence for the health system and the societypoint to the need of improving the information syste-ms of morbimortality caused by external causes, inorder to subsidize public prevention policies and im-prove the care provided for the victims.Keywords: Accident; Violence; Morbidity; Prevention;Control; Emergency Medical Services.
Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on Hydro-Climatological Variables

Ahn, Kuk-Hyun. Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2014. Impact of anthropogenic activities on hydro-climatological variables. Major Professor: Venkatesh M. Merwade The natural environment has been significantly affected by anthropogenic activities. Between 1700s and 2000s, agricultural land area had quintupled and the extent of natural vegetation was globally reduced by half. Furthermore many scientists argue that the recent rise in CO2 levels in the atmosphere is mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic activities may also play a crucial role in the change of the hydroclimatologic variables. In this study, impact of anthropogenic activities on two representative hydro-climatologic variables, temperature and streamflow, is investigated. The variations in temperature occur over larger spatial and time scale, and hence the United States is adopted for studying the impact on temperature. The continental United States includes most of the existing climate types in its large size and geographic variety. On the other hand, streamflow is affected by local environmental factors, including land cover condition and dam construction, and thus it is investigated based on a small regional area. The three objectives of this study are to: (1) evaluate the impact of anthropogenic activities on temperature in the continental U. S. , and compare the impact of
Efficacy of using WHO STEPS aproach to identify \"at risk\" subjects for diet related non communicable diseases

Objective: The efficacy of using non invasive method of WHO’s STEP approach as compared to traditional biochemical assessment to identify “at risk” subjects (having constellation of ≥3 risk factors) was determined in productive industrial population. Materials and Methods: Information on the presence of metabolic risk factors in the employee’s was collected from the existing medical records and subjects with ≥3 risk factors by using NCEP ATP III definition of Metabolic Syndrome were identified. The behavioral and physical measurements of the identified metabolic syndrome subjects was done using pre tested and adapted WHO STEPS Questionnaire. Results: Out of 1059 employees, 251 employees (23.5%) were identified at risk through medical records. The most common (37.85%) combination prevalent was hypertension, obesity with dyslipidemia. The leading risk factors in them were overweight and obesity (89.54%), followed by low intake of fruits and vegetables (79.74%), high waist circumference (73.20%) and Physical inactivity (52.29%). The prevalence of hypertension was 46.41 % and pre hypertension was 57.52%. Tobacco usage in any form and alcohol consumption was 33.33% and 25.49% respectively. Conclusion: By non invasive STEPS methodology, 87.58% of the metabolic syndrome subjects were identified “at risk subjects”. Thus, it can be inferred that in place of routine biochemical assessment of the entire population, WHO STEPS methodology could be used for the identification of “at risk” subjects. This measure will also reduce the biochemical assessment costs. STEPS approach could thus be recommended to industries as an occupational safety measure to identify at risk subjects for diet related non communicable diseases.
Comparison of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound with Percutaneous Anhydrous Alcohol Locally Injection Guided by Ultrasound on Curing Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis

Objective To compare the efficacy and side effects of high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) with anhydrous alcohol injection guided by ultrasound on patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT). Methods 86 patients with primary liver cancer(PLC) combined with PVTT in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Liver lesions were basically treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE),and HIFU or percutaneous anhydrous alcohol injection were sued as complimentary treatment to 52 cases(group A) and 34 cases(group B),respectively.Response rate(RR),clinical beneficial response(CBR),overall survival(OS) and side effects were evaluated between two groups.Results RR in group A and B were 40.38% vs.41. 18%(P=0.1493),CBR were 48.08% vs.23.53%(P=0.0102),median OS were 12.3 months(range:3.6~23.5) vs.11. 5 months(range: 4.2~21.3)(P=0.1504). Main side effects occurred in group A was upper gastrointestinal(GI) hemorrhage and liver area pain,while fever and hemorrhage under liver capsule occurred in group B.The occurance rates of side effects in group B were much higher than those in group A(P=0.0051). Conclusion HIFU and percutaneous anhydrous alcohol injection guided by ultrasound are both safe and effective approaches for therapy of PVTT.The short-term and long-term response was similar in two groups,while HIFU was superior to anhydrous alcohol injection on CBR and side effects.HIFU maybe a good choice patients with disordered liver function,ascites and intolerable to other methods.
Ebelik Öğrencilerinin Gebelikte Şiddet Konusundaki Bilgi, Görüş ve Mesleki Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi

AMAC: Ebelik ogrencilerinin gebelikte siddet konusundaki bilgi, gorus ve gebelikte siddette karsi mesleki tutumlarini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmis tanimlayici bir arastirmadir. YONTEMLER: Arastirma Izmir’deki bir Saglik Yuksekokulu’nun Ebelik Bolumu’nde egitim goren hazirlik sinifi haric tum ogrencilere (n: 312) uygulanmistir. Arastirmaya katilmayi kabul eden ve formlari eksiksiz dolduran toplam 271 ogrenciye ulasilmistir. Veri toplama araclari olarak; arastirmacilar tarafindan literatur bilgileri dogrultusunda hazirlanmis ogrencilerin demografik ozellikleri ile gebelikte siddet konusunda bilgi ve goruslerini belirlemeye yonelik anket formu ve Gombul tarafindan 1998 yilinda gelistirilen “Hemsirelerin/Ebelerin Şiddette Mesleki Rollerine Iliskin Tutumlari”ni belirlemeye yonelik soru formu kullanilmistir. BULGULAR: Ebelik ogrencilerinin yas ortalamasi 21.75 ± 1.83 olup, %39.1’inin gebelikte siddet konusunda egitim aldigi, %40.6’sinin aile icinde siddete maruz kaldigi, %36.2’sinin aile icinde siddete tanik oldugu belirlenmistir. Ogrenciler gebelikte uygulanan siddet turlerinden en fazla fiziksel siddeti bilmektedirler. Ogrencilerin siddette mesleki rollerine iliskin tutumlarinin olumlu yonde oldugu, geleneksellikten uzak modern gorusu yansittigi bulunmustur (29.77±7.98). Ogrencilerin yas grubu ve aile ici siddete tanik olma durumu ile siddette mesleki rollerine iliskin tutum puan ortalamalari arasinda anlamli fark elde edilmistir (p<0.05). SONUC: Ebelik ogrencilerinin gebelikte uygulanan siddet konusunda bilgilerinin oldugu, siddete ugrayan gebeyi destekleyici goruslere ve gebelikte siddette mesleki rollerine iliskin modern tutuma sahip olduklari bulunmustur. Ogrencilerin cogunun siddet konusundaki egitim duzeyi goz onunde bulundurularak, mufredata gebelikte siddet konusunun entegre edilmesi ve ayri bir teorik ders olarak konulmasi onerilebilir.
Irbesartan and Emodin on Myocardial Remodeling in Goldblatt Hypertensive Rats

Objective: Interactions between the renin-angiotensin system and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-&bgr;1) have been well documented. The aim was to explore the effect of irbesartan combining with emodin on myocardial remodeling in Goldblatt (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Methods: All 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: the sham-clipped without any drugs; 2K-1C without any drugs; the 2K-1C with irbesartan (50 mg/kg/day); the 2K-1C with emodin (80 mg/Kg/day); and the 2K-1C with irbesartan and emodin together for the last 8 weeks of a 12-week period of study. The outcome measures included left ventricular mass index, TGF-&bgr;1 and angiotensin II in the left ventricle, mRNA expression of TGF-&bgr;1, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Results: Compared with 2K1C group, the 2K1C/irbesartan group and 2K-1C/emodin plus irbesartan group had significantly lower systolic blood pressure and local angiotensin II (P < 0.05). The left ventricular mass index in each of the 3 treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the 2K1C group, especially in the combined group. The mRNA/protein TGF-&bgr;1 and the mRNA CTGF of 2K1C/irbesartan group, 2K1C/emodin group, and 2K-1C/emodin plus irbesartan group were significantly decreased compared with 2K-1C group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Irbesartan or emodin or 2 drugs together can inhibit myocardial remodeling in renovascular hypertension rats probably by reducing TGF-&bgr;1 and CTGF expression. The combination of irbesartan and emodin is better than single drug application.
Incidence of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) among Patients Undergoing Major Surgery at General Hospital Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria

Surgical site infection is one of the most common preventable complications following major surgery and represents a significant burden in terms of patient morbidity, mortality and hospital costs. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving subjects who have undergone major surgery in surgical wards within the period of study. Questionnaires were administered to the 127 respondents alongside with laboratory investigation procedure to obtain data for the study. Results showed that the minimum age of the subjects ranged from 11years to 65years with mean age of 38years. Over 96% of subjects had operation done in a moderately ventilated operating theatre. More than 95% of subjects had operation with autoclaved instruments. The major findings reveals that 28 (22.05%) of subjects had surgical site infections based on clinical criteria, however, from the subjects with SSI, 25 (19.6%) were based on bacteriological criteria. In conclusion, Surgical Site Infection is a major problem in the surgical wards which is associated with ineffective surgical hand scrub for < 2 minutes, lack of intra-operative antimicrobial use and inadequate operating room ventilation. It is therefore recommended that government, management of hospitals and health care professionals have an important role to play in curbing the incidence of surgical site infections.
Evaluation of Incidence and Risk Factors of Severe Preeclampsia in a Tertiary Hospital Centre.

Aims: To evaluate the incidence of severe preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome in a tertiary Hospital Centre of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and to identify the impact of risk factors associated with severe preeclampsia. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology “Koco Gliozheni”, Tirana, Albania between January 2009 and December 2013. Methodology: To collect the data for this study we used the medical records of births of a period of five years. The standard inclusion criteria in the study were pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia that had delivered in this hospital after 24 weeks’ gestation despite the number of the babies, fetal presentation and mode of delivery. The exclusion criteria in this study were: pregnancies with confirmed fetal anomalies non-viable, pregnancies with missing data, and pregnancies with unknown gestational age. The maternal variables collected from the medical Original Research Article Ndoni et al.; BJMMR, 13(12): 1-7, 2016; Article no.BJMMR. 24143 2 records were: maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery, multiple pregnancy, pre-existing (chronic) hypertension, pre-existing diabetes mellitus, renal diseases and preeclampsia in previous pregnancy. The data collected for the variables were compared with the statistical data for all the deliveries during the study period. Fisher’s exact test, Chi-squared test and SPSS program were used as statistical methods. Results: The study found differences between the severe preeclampsia group and the general population for the maternal risk factors: severe preeclampsia was evaluated 16.8% vs. 3.5% (P< 0.01), pre-existing hypertension 7.8% vs. 2.3% (P = 0.02), renal diseases 1.9% vs. 1.1%, diabetes mellitus 5.8% vs. 4.6% and multiple pregnancies 7.1% vs. 2.7% respectively. Conclusion: Identification of these risk factors is very important for the calculation of risk for preeclampsia in early pregnancy and early treatment to prevent the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality from this disease.
Ear, nose and throat disorders in paediatric patients at a rural hospital in India.

Background There is a lack of data on paediatric otorhinolaryngology from various Indian populations. This study was undertaken to determine the hospital prevalence of ENT disorders in paediatric population and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in a rural tertiary care hospital in India. Method A record based, retrospective study conducted at Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni which provides tertiary level health care facilities in western Maharashtra, India. The entire paediatric patients reporting to the Outpatient Department of ENT (Ear Nose Throat) during the calendar year 2009 was eligible for inclusion. Results ENT diseases in our study population were found to be more common among male children (53.2%). Majority of the paediatric patients belonged to age group 5-14 years (66.3%), were from lower socioeconomic status (61.2%), living in nuclear family (71.3%) and had illiterate mothers (70.8%). Diseases of auditory system (57.3%) were the most common group of ENT problems among the paediatric population, followed by pharyngoesophageal (27.4%) and nasal (15.3%) disorders. The most common ear, nose and throat disorders were otitis media (18.25%), rhinitis (5.8%) and tonsillitis (11.7%) respectively. Conclusion The study suggests that otitis media, tonsillitis and rhinitis are the most common otorhinolaryngological problems in paediatric population visiting the ENT department of this hospital and contribute significantly to paediatric morbidity. The results from this study cannot be applied to the community as prevalence of these morbidities is likely to be even higher in the general population.
The Risk Factors of Sarcopenia among Korean Elderly Men : Based on 2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Background: Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass, is an important health problem that is increasing with age. However, little is known about the risk factors of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly Korean men using data from the 2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: We used KNHANES data including 691 men above the age of 60. In this study, sarcopenia was defined as aLM (appendicular lean mass) / height 2 ± 2SD or more below the normal mean for young. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the factors associated with sarcopenia including age, marital status, income, cigarette smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and caloric intake. Results: In our study population, 11.6% of the men had sarcopenia. The mean aLM/height 2 in men was 6.1 kg/m in subjects with sarcopenia and 7.8 kg/m 2 in subjects without sarcopenia, respectively. Subjects with sarcopenia tended to be older with lower BMI, and lower energy intake. Also, lower educational level and divorced/widowed status were factors associated with sarcopenia. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, old age, low BMI, and low caloric intake were associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion: Older age, lower BMI, and lower daily calorie intake were the risk factors for sarcopenia among Korean men over the age of 60. Therefore, an appropriate
Physiological Adaptation in Women Concurrently Training for Strength and Endurance

The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of 19 active women to 11 weeks of concurrent strength and endurance training or strength training only. Six young women were assigned to group lift-row (LR), in which weight training was followed immediately by endurance training, while another group, row-lift (RL, n = 7) performed endurance training before strength training. A third group, lift only (LO, n = 6), participated in only strength training. Endurance training (rowing) was performed 3 times per week for 45 minutes at 70% Vo2max. Strength training consisted of 45 minutes of 5–6 lower-body exercises designed to increase strength. Results indicated that 1 repetition maximum leg press increased p 26.6, 27.4, and 25.9% (p < 0.05) for the LR, RL, and LO groups, respectively. Only the LR group experienced increases in peak anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity (ANC), and relative ANC. However, no differences in power measures were detectable among groups at the conclusion of training. Maximum heart rate (MHR) and maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2max) increased for all groups from pre-to post-training but reached significance for the LR and LO groups only with no between-group differences. Percentage of body fat and time to exhaustion during the Vo2max test manifested no pre-to posttraining or intergroup differences. The present results do not demonstrate any negative effects on strength development for women concurrently training for strength and endurance. Furthermore, the sequence or order of training did not influence strength training adaptations but may have limited aerobic adaptations.
Viral Community-acquired Pneumonia

Viruses as a cause of community pneumonia have been overlooked by clinicians. The reasons are that they were poorly investigated and difficult to diagnose. In recent years, by combining the use of classical and new polymerase chain reaction techniques, viruses may account for 10% to 40% of community-acquired pneumonias (CAPs) depending on the type of population studied. The most frequent viruses causing CAP are influenza A and B, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. Usually, there are not many clinical features that could distinguish between viruses and bacteria. However, it has been observed that there are lower leukocyte counts and C reactive protein levels in viral CAP. Viruses can be isolated alone or in combination with classical bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this case, the severity of clinical presentation is worse. The diagnosis of viral CAP has improved substantially with the implementation of nucleic acid amplification tests, which are sensitive and specific techniques, providing, in addition, rapid results. The new array technology may detect up to 20 different respiratory viruses plus usual bacterial pathogens. The clinical course of viral CAP is usually benign but it is not the case with mixed pneumonias in which the mortality in severe CAP may reach up to 20%. Owing to this, feature systematic and rapid diagnosis of viruses is probably indicated in severe CAP patients (ICU admitted) in whom specific antiviral treatment could have beneficial effects.
Use of family history to improve colorectal cancer screening outreach among Alaska native people

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality among Alaska Native people are the highest of any ethnic or racial group in the United States. First-degree relatives (FDRs), which include parents, siblings, and children of CRC patients, are at increased risk. There is a paucity of data on predictors of screening adherence among Alaska Native FDRs, and the extent to which screening outreach is occurring within the Alaska Tribal Health System (ATHS) for FDRs. There is also a lack of data available on barriers and facilitators to increasing screening outreach efforts in this population. This study assessed the prevalence of CRC screening outreach to FDRs at Alaska tribal health organizations (THOs), use of family history information, barriers to CRC screening, and potential tools to improve CRC screening throughout the Alaska Tribal Health System (ATHS). The study also included a process evaluation of the Alaska Native CRC Family Outreach Program (2000-2012) based in Anchorage, Alaska. The process evaluation investigated the program’s formation, evolution, and successes and challenges through a series of key informant interviews with program stakeholders. Lastly, an outcome evaluation was conducted of the Alaska Native CRC Family Outreach Program to assess predictors of screening adherence and results of screening among Alaska Native FDR program participants. The study found that CRC screening outreach was common in the ATHS, but significant barriers still exist. These barriers were especially notable for outreach to FDRs, including a lack of dedicated staff and resources. Key results of the process evaluation of the Alaska Native CRC Family Outreach Program included an incremental approach that led to a unique outreach program and revealed the need for dedicated staff to provide culturally competent patient navigation. Challenges identified included differing FDR outreach responses, health system data access and coordination, and relying on unstable grant funding for program sustainability. The outcome evaluation of the Alaska Native CRC Family Outreach Program found despite increasing programmatic outreach and FDR screening rates, a large proportion of Alaska Native FDRs were still due for screening. This was especially true among rural-dwelling and older FDRs. This study found that overall, CRC screening and awareness are increasing among the Alaska