Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Hollow Beams under Partial Uniformly Distributed Load

A Longitudinal opening is used to construct hollow core beam is a cast in site or precast or pre stressed concrete member with continuous voids provided to reduce weight, cost and, as a side benefit, to use for concealed electrical or mechanical runs. Primarily is used as floor beams or roof deck systems. This study investigate the behavior of six beams (solid or with opening) of dimension (length 1000 x height 180 x width120mm) simply support under partial uniformly distributed load, four of these beam contain long opening of varied section (40x40mm) or (80x40mm). The effect of vertical steel reinforcing, opening size and orientations are investigated to evaluate the response of beams. The experimental behavior based on load-deflection measured at central and quarter of tension zones. The experimental test result shows the presence of Hollow decrease the load carrying capacity by about (37.14% to 58.33%) and increased the deflections by about (71.6% for (Hollow ratio 7.4%) to 75.5% for (Hollow ratio 14.8%)) for same applied loadcompared with solid beams with the same properties. The increase shear steel reinforcing will decrease all the deformations at all stages of loading, but particularly after initial cracking and give enhancement in ultimate load capacity of beams by about 31.5% with increasing the amount of shear steel reinforcing by about 50%. Finally, ductility is increased in all cases under partial uniformly distributed load when hollow ratio decreased by about 50% or increased in shear steel reinforcing by about 50%
Who Has Yet to Test? A Risk Score for Predicting Never Having Tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Women and Men in Rural Malawi

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status awareness is important for preventing onward HIV transmission, and is one of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 goals. Efforts to scale up HIV testing have generally been successful, but identifying at-risk individuals who have never tested for HIV—a population necessary to reach improved HIV status awareness—remains challenging. Methods Using data from a community-based cohort of people living in rural central Malawi, we identified demographic, socioeconomic, and sexual health correlates of never having tested for HIV. Correlates were assigned values from the logistic regression model to develop a risk score that identified who had never tested for HIV. Results Among 1310 ever sexually active participants, 7% of the women and 13% of the men had never tested for HIV. Of those who had tested for HIV, about 30% had tested more than 12 months ago. For women, younger age and poorer sexual health knowledge were correlated with never having tested for HIV, and the c-statistic for the risk score was 0.83. For men, their partner having not tested for HIV, low socioeconomic status, and poor sexual health knowledge were correlated with never testing for HIV (c-statistic, 0.81). Among those with a score of 3 or greater, the sensitivity and specificity for never having tested for HIV were 81% and 77% for women, and 82% and 66% for men, respectively. Conclusions About 10% of participants had never tested for HIV. This risk score could help health professionals to identify never testers to increase HIV status awareness in line with 90-90-90 goals.
Seamounts : centres of endemism or species richness for ophiuroids?

Aim To test the hypotheses that seamounts exhibit high rates of endemism and/or species richness compared to surrounding areas of the continental slope and oceanic ridges. Location The south-west Pacific Ocean from 19 ‐57 ° S to 143 ‐171 ° E. Methods Presence/absence museum data were compiled for seamount and nonseamount areas at depths between 100 and 1500 m for the Ophiuroidea (brittle-stars), an abundant and speciose group of benthic invertebrates. Large-scale biogeographical gradients were examined through multivariate analyses at two spatial scales, at the scale of seamounts (< 1 ° of latitude/longitude) and regions (5 ‐ 9 ° ). The robustness of these patterns to spatially inconsistent sampling effort was tested using Monte Carlo-style simulations. Levels of local endemism and species richness over numbers of samples were compared for seamount and non-seamount areas using linear regressions. Non-seamount populations were randomly generated from areas and depth ranges that reflected the typical sampling profile of seamounts. Results Seamount ophiuroid assemblages did not exhibit elevated levels of species richness or narrow-range endemism compared with non-seamount areas. Seamounts can exhibit high overall species richness for low numbers of samples, particularly on seamounts supporting a dense coral matrix, but this does not increase with additional sampling at the rates found in non-seamount areas. There were relatively few identifiable seamount specialists. In general, seamount faunas reflected those found at similar depths in surrounding areas, including the continental slope. Seamount and non-seamount faunas within the study area exhibited congruent latitudinal and bathymetric species turnover. Main conclusions Seamount faunas were variable for ophiuroid faunal composition, species richness and narrow-range endemism, reflecting their environmental diversity and complex history. The continental slope was also variable, with some areas being particularly species rich. Broad geomorphological habitat categories such as ‘seamounts’ or ‘continental slope’ may be at the wrong scale to be useful for conservation planning.
Mily roles in engineering undergraduates’ academic and career choices: does parental educational attainment matter?

The purpose of this paper is to examine in detail the roles that families, particularly parents, play in the academic and careerchoices of students majoring in engineering at the undergraduate level, with a particular emphasis on how roles may differ whenconsidering the parental level of education. Previous studies have reported the various influences on students’ decisions to enter andpersist in engineering at the undergraduate level. Though the role of the family has been identified as an important influence, thereremains a limited understanding of specific family roles. In this large qualitative study design, the authors use constructivistepistemology, an emergent design, and a basic interpretive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of118 engineering undergraduates enrolled at two universities and representing diversity in parental educational attainment. Basedupon interview transcripts, six distinct family roles were identified in participants’ academic and career choices. Variations incertain family roles were found with parental educational attainment. This study is innovative in that it significantly contributes tothe knowledge base of family, especially parental, influences on engineering students by including the previously under-exploredfactor of parental educational attainment. Findings are synthesized into recommendations for developing recruitment and retentioninterventions for engineering undergraduates, particularly students with little or no familial experience with higher education.
Variability and Grouping of Northwestern Spanish Chestnut Cultivars. I. Morphological Traits

Different chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars are at present grown in the region of Galicia, northwestern Spain, but no distinguishing traits among cultivars have been defined so far. The objectives of this research were to 1) describe the intra and intercultivar variability of chestnut cultivars; 2) define primary morphological traits to be useful for a simple morphological classification system of the cultivars; and 3) study the association between some environmental variables and the morphological traits. Seventeen morphological traits in a sample of 373 trees belonging to 82 local cultivars of chestnut were studied by methods of numerical taxonomy, principal component and cluster analysis. These traits were selected from 135 previously studied as having possible discriminating taxonomic value. Significant variability among cultivars and among trees within cultivars was found for most of the traits. The trees were grouped according to the degree of dissimilarity on the basis of the Mahalanobis generalized distance. Most of the clones collected under a specific cultivar name were included within the same cluster group enabling us to classify 53 of the cultivars studied. A hierarchical classification system that identifies eight cultivar groups is proposed based on four discriminating levels: nut size, fruit shape, male flower type and length of burr spines. Most of the correlations between the environmental variables and the morphological traits were no significant or had a low value. The lack of correlation between the environmental variables and nut size indicates that this important trait is under strong genetic control, it is not influenced by environmental conditions and it is consistent throughout the area sampled.
Interactions of tropospheric CO2 and O3 enrichments and moisture variations on microbial biomass and respiration in soil

Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) is a sensitive indicator of trends in organic matter dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of tropospheric CO2 or O3 enrichments and moisture variations on total soil organic C (Corg), mineralizable C fraction (CMin), Cmic, maintenance respiratory (qCO2) or Cmic death (qD) quotients, and their relationship with basal respiration (BR) rates and field respiration (FR) fluxes in wheat‐soybean agroecosystems. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max. L. Merr) plants were grown to maturity in 3‐m dia open‐top field chambers and exposed to charcoal‐filtered (CF) air at 350 μL CO2 L−1; CF air + 150 μL CO2 L−1; nonfiltered (NF) air + 35 nL O3 L−1; and NF air + 35 nL O3 L−1 + 150 μL CO2 L−1 at optimum (− 0.05 MPa) and restricted soil moisture (− 1.0 ± 0.05 MPa) regimes. The + 150 μL CO2 L−1 additions were 18 h d−1 and the + 35 nL O3 L−1 treatments were 7 h d−1 from April until late October. While Corg did not vary consistently, CMin, Cmic and Cmic fractions increased in soils under tropospheric CO2 enrichment (500 μL CO2 L−1) and decreased under high O3 exposures (55 ± 6 nL O3 L−1 for wheat; 60 ± 5 nL O3 L−1 for soybean) compared to the CF treatments (25 ± 5 nL O3 L−1). The qCO2 or qD quotients of Cmic were also significantly decreased in soils under high CO2 but increased under high O3 exposures compared to the CF control. The BR rates did not vary consistently but they were higher in well‐watered soils. The FR fluxes were lower under high O3 exposures compared to soils under the CF control. An increase in Cmic or Cmic fractions and decrease in qCO2 or qD observed under high CO2 treatment suggest that these soils were acting as C sinks whereas, reductions in Cmic or Cmic fractions and increase in qCO2 or qD in soils under elevated tropospheric O3 exposures suggest the soils were serving as a source of CO2.
Beyond Ischemic Heart Disease: Are There other Health Benefits from Drinking Alcohol?

Evidence is growing that alcohol consumption confers health benefits beyond protection from ischemic heart disease. We review this evidence with regard to cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, cholelithiasis (gallstones), cognitive functioning, and stress reduction and subjective psychosocial benefits. Other possible benefits are briefly considered. The weight of evidence suggests that low-level alcohol consumption offers some protection against ischemic stroke. The evidence that moderate alcohol consumption protects against diabetes and gallstones is also fairly strong. The possibility of other health benefits cannot be dismissed. For all the conditions considered, more research is indicated. The application of more appropriate statistical techniques, studies of patterns of drinking, and experimental approaches to delineating underlying mechanisms should enable firmer conclusions to be drawn. A better understanding of both the benefits and the risks of alcohol use for individuals and populations will facilitate the development of appropriate program and policy interventions to promote health.
RFID-enabled learning supply chain: a smart pedagogical environment for TELD

The supply chain is very important in the industrial field, thus Supply Chain Management (SCM) is becoming one of the key partsin engineering education since this sector needs a large number of professionals to take charge of various interconnected businesstransactions. However, the teaching and learning of SCM are facing several challenges, like a lack of up-to-date training materials,limited demonstrative facilities, and a passive education mode through listening and watching. This paper introduces a smartpedagogical environment for Teaching by Examples and Learning by Doing (TELD), which is an RFID-enabled learning supplychain (LSC) based on advanced Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to address these challenges. The RFID-enabled LSC usesRFID technology, wireless communication standards, and service-oriented architecture (SOA) to create a smart environment of thesupply chain, adopts a number of games in each supply chain echelon, such as manufacturing, distribution, and retailing todemonstrate the key principles in global SCM, as well as integrating problem-based learning, experience-based learning andcollaborative E-learning to realize TELD. A case study from the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing SystemsEngineering, The University of Hong Kong shows the working mechanism and efforts of the RFID-enabled LSC in terms ofrationalized user activities and quantitative improvements.
Host suitability and response of different vegetable genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita race 2 and Meloidogyne javanica in South Africa

The host suitability of 20 locally available genotypes of Capsicum, 10 of Daucus carota, 7 of Beta vulgaris- and 3 of Spinacea oleracea were assessed in separate greenhouse studies for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 2 and M. javanica, respectively. Substantial variation existed amongst the vegetable genotypes in the greenhouse screenings with regard to their host status to the respective root-knot nematode species. None of the genotypes of D. carota, B. vulgaris and S. oleracea showed resistance to the nematode species tested. However, resistance to M. incognita race 2 was identified in Capsicum genotype “Tobasco”, which was subsequently verified in a follow-up microplot trial using a range of initial population densities together with a susceptible Capsicum genotype “Paprika”. Reproduction factors of the nematodes were used as the main criterion to evaluate resistance. In the microplot trial, genotype “Tobasco” showed resistance at the lower inoculum levels but not at the higher nematode population levels. The need exists for more frequent and extensive screenings of the various vegetable genotypes in order to provide small-scale farmers with better options for improved and sustainable yields.
Differential Expression, Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Stathmin-1 and CD147 in Various Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors

Uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMT) are common, behavior-distinct gynecological tumors; including: leiomyoma (ULM), leiomyosarcoma (ULMS), and smooth muscle tumors of undetermined malignant potential (STUMP). Pre-operative distinction i s difficult, thus diagnosis relies on histopathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) had been used to help in distinction. We studied two markers (stathmin-1 and CD147) to demonstrate whether they have diagnostic/ prognostic assist. Sixty seven USMT are studied. Age, follo w up, and recurrence/metastasis data were collected. Representative slides were stained and Histologic score (HS) calculated as stain int nsity (SI) X percentage of positive tumor cells (PP). Results were grouped as low expression (LE) and high expression (HE); then corr elated to tumor types, and risk of recurrence/ metastasis. Statistical analysis (P < 0.05); Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negati ve predic ve values and confidence intervals in diagnosing ULMS were calculated. Stathmin-1 HS (p= 0.000) and HE (p=0.002) were different am ong groups. Same as for CD147 HS and HE (both p=0.000), with a gradient increase from LM to STUMP to ULMS. Sensitivity, specificity , positive and negative predictive values and confidence intervals in diagnosing ULMS were as following: For stathmin-1 HS: 92 %; 20 %; 42 %; and 80 % (CI= 44-96 %). For Stathmin-1 HE: 80 %; 66 %; 60 %; and 84 % (CI=66-94 %). For CD147 HS: 85 %; 22 %; 41 %; and 69 %. For CD147 HE: 58 %; 49 %; 42 %; and 65 % (CI= 45-80 %), respectively. Recurrence / metastasis were documented in 6 cases (4 ULMS; 2 STUMP) with follow up ranging from 6 months to 102 months. 5 tumors had stathmin-1 HE (p=0.099); 2 had CD147 HE (p=0.393) in the primary tumors. STMN1 and CD147 are helpful diagnostic tests for USMT sub-typing, especially for ULMS. Gradien t increase of expression from LM, to STUMP, to ULMS may indicate a role in malignant transformation in USMT, and in increased ris k of recurrences/metastasis.
The Catalogers’ Thought Process: A Comparison of Formal and Informal Context

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze how catalogers describe publications without cataloging tools in comparison with the current cataloging process. A total of 46 catalogers took part in the first study, a free description of monographic publications, while 30 catalogers performed original cataloging in their actual environment. A combination of observations and think-aloud protocols was used for data gathering in both studies. The focus was on Slovenian catalogers from different types and sizes of libraries. Results revealed both differences and similarities between catalogers’ mental models in the respective studies.
IMPACT OF GROUP COUNSELING ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF DIABETIC PREGNANT WOMEN

Gestational diabetes has many complications for mother and baby. Therefore, preventing and recognizing of mothers in the pre-diabetic stage is very important in promoting the health of the mother and the baby. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group counseling on the quality of life of pre-diabetic mothers in Karaj in 1396. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group counseling on the quality of life of pre-diabetic mothers in Karaj in 2017. Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental clinical trial performed on 90 pre-diabetic pregnant women referring to selected health centers in Karaj in 2017. The sample were divided into two groups, intervention group (n = 45) and the control group (n = 45). The control group received only routine care and the intervention group received group counseling in 4 sessions per week. In both groups, quality of life and fasting blood glucose were before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16), independent t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA were used. Results: The results showed that group counseling in the experimental group had a significant effect on improving the quality of life of pregnant mothers in terms of physical and mental health (P <0.05). But there was no change in the quality of life of the mothers in the control group. The mean of fasting blood glucose level after the study significantly decreased in the experimental group (P <0.05), but fasting blood glucose changes in the control group were not significant. Conclusion: Group counseling was effective on quality of life and fasting blood glucose control in prediabetic pregnant women Therefore, counseling strategies for this group of pregnant mothers should be used to improve their quality of life
Exploring the theoretical social capital ‘‘deficit’’ of first generation college students: Implications for engineering education

This paper investigates social capital, that is, resources accrued through relationships, of engineering students based on theirgenerational status in college. We administered a ‘‘Name and Resource Generator’’ instrument adapted from the field of sociologyto a sample of 1,410 engineering undergraduates from five U.S. universities. Quantitative analysis of results revealed manystatistically significant differences in the social capital characteristics and accessed resources for First Generation College students(FGC) compared to Continuing Generation College (CGC) students. While some of these results were theoretically anticipated, wealso present unique findings regarding (1) the prevalence of available and accessed resources for FGC students, and (2) the type ofindividual (known as an ‘‘alter’’) providing the engineering-related resources. The retrospective nature of the study allowed us todraw conclusions about the nature of these resources and alter types both during and before undergraduate engineering studies.These results represent a significant theoretical contribution that engineering education stakeholders can use to enhance outreach,recruitment and retention efforts to help grow and diversify the field.
Global tuberculosis report (2014)

The World Health Organization (WHO) published yesterday the 18th global report on tuberculosis (TB) [1] in a series that started in 1997. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and of the progress made in TB prevention, care and control at global, regional and country level, using data reported by 197 countries and territories that account collectively for over 99% of the TB cases in the world.
Development of laryngeal and pharyngeal function during long-term treadmill exercise in warmblood sport horses

Summary The influence of long-term treadmill exercise on upper airway function was to be evaluated in 16 warmbloods. Two high-speed treadmill endoscopies (HSTE) were performed after a warm-up period and after 25 minutes of exercise. 9 out of 16 horses presented with a respiratory noise, 6 showed signs of RLN (recurrent laryngeal neuropathy) grade ≥ IIIa at rest. 5 of these 6 (83%) developed a dynamic laryngeal collapse during HSTE. None of the 7 horses without a respiratory noise developed a dynamic collapse during exercise. Upper airway pathologies tended to deteriorate over time. All 5 cases of dynamic laryngeal collapse had been unable to fully abduct during endoscopy at rest without sedation. 3 of them (60%) showed further deterioration during HSTE (p=0.017). A partial pharyngeal collapse was found in 10 horses, but only 5 of them (50%) presented with an abnormal respiratory noise. Overall, only 6 out of 9 horses (67%) with abnormal respi- ratory noises were diagnosed with an upper airway obstruction of larynx and pharynx. The results show that pathologies of the upper airways may deteriorate during exercise. Therefore, endoscopic examinations during exercise should be continued beyond the first appearance of a respiratory noise to evaluate the full extent of upper airway pathologies. Citation : Barton A. C. , Löbert H. B. , Ohnesorge B. (2014) Development of laryngeal and pharyngeal function during long-term treadmill exercise in warmblood sport horses. Pferdeheilkunde 30, 68-80x Obstruktionen im Bereich des Larynx oder des Pharynx diagnostiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich pathologische Befunde an den oberen Atemwegen des Pferdes über die Dauer einer Belastung verschlechtern können. Daher sollten belastungsendoskopische Untersuchungen über das Auftreten des Atemgeräusches oder eines entspre-chenden Befundes hinaus der Nutzung des Pferdes entspre- chend fortgesetzt werden, um das volle Ausmaß der Erkrankung diagnostizieren zu können.