Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FAST AND SENSITIVE NEW HPLC-UV METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF OMEPRAZOLE AND MAJOR RELATED SUBSTANCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

A simple, fast, and sensitive HPLC method with UV detection has been developed for the quantitation of omeprazole (OMZ) and major related substances in raw material and pharmaceutical formulation (paste) using a column of reduced length (50 mm) and diameter (2.1 mm) packed with hybrid particles. Chromatographic conditions were: 25°C, 1 µl injection volume, and UV detection at WV of 280 nm. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min using methanol-phosphate buffer (pH 7.6) (40:60) as the mobile phase. Chromatographic purity was also determined with the same chromatographic conditions. The method was validated according to international guidelines (ICH guidelines) for specificity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The HPLC-UV method was found to be suitable for the quality control and stability studies of OMZ in a pharmaceutical formulation.
Combining Ability in Grain Yield and Other Related Traits of Sweet Corn (Zea mays sacharata L.) in Syria

This study aims to estimate the combining ability and heritability of traits such number-of-days-to-50% silking, plant height, ear height and yield per plot through half diallel cross among five sweet corn inbred lines in two locations (Damascus and Tartous) in the Syrian Arab Republic. Highly significant mean square among hybrids at Damascus and Tartous location and over locations in all studied traits has been indicated via analysis of variance. This analysis of variance of the diallel crosses indicated highly significant estimates (p<0.01) of General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) for all traits. The dominance degree showed that nonadditive gene action has played the major role in the inheritance of studied traits in each location and over locations; however, additive gene action effects has also played an important role in the inheritance of yield per plot. Then, results revealed that a low narrow-sense heritability value for number-of-days-to-50% silking, plant height and ear height suggested that the effective selection of these traits must be through the late generations (S5, S6), on the other hand the value has been moderate in yield per plot. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE INFLUENCE OF SOLUTION VISCOSITY AND DIFFERENT VISCOSIFYING AGENTS ON APPLE JUICE FLAVOR

Viscosifying agents are used in foods as thickeners to produce improved mouthfeel and as stabilizers to prevent settling out of particulate matter. While viscosifying agents are also known to influence the sensory profile of the products in which they are used, previous studies have examined the effects of viscosifying agents at levels that are not typical of those used in foods. The current study used a descriptive analysis panel to examine the effects of both viscosity and viscosifying agent on the sensory properties of apple juice using three viscosifying agents (carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan and pectin) at levels of usage similar to those recommended for drink products. Gas chromatographyflame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted on the samples to relate alteration in physico-chemical parameters to changes in sensory profile. Results from the descriptive panel showed that increasing viscosity tended to decrease some aspects offlavor intensity (sourness and cooked apple odor). Individual viscosifiing agents were shown to have specific effects on odor and flavor attributes, e.g. pectin enhanced cereal odor. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry suggested that this effect was related to isopropyl alcohol contributed by the pectin in solution. Pectin also suppressed honey odor and flavor, lemon odor and cooked apple flavor.
Role of carboxylic and phenolic groups in NOM adsorption on minerals: a review

This paper presented the current state of our understanding of the roles of carboxylic and phenolic groups in NOM adsorption and reviewed the contradictory opinions in the literatures. Previous studies carried out by other researchers indicated that aromatic carboxylates were adsorbed onto metal (hydr)oxides via outer-sphere complexes under most conditions and phenolic groups were very crucial for formation of inner-sphere complexes between organic acids and metal (hydr)oxides. Adsorption test with insitu ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigation were carried out to verify the role of aromatic carboxylic and phenolic groups in the NOM adsorption onto aluminium hydroxide surfaces by using a series of aromatic carboxylic acids and dihydroxybenzoic acids as the surrogate of NOM. Our studies suggested that the formation of outer-sphere complexes dominated the adsorption of most of the aromatic carboxylates over the pH range of 5-9; inner-sphere complexes were only detected at some pH levels for some aromatic carboxylates adsorption; and the aromatic carboxylates were most likely to be adsorbed to the first surface layer of hydroxyl groups and water molecules without forming coordinative bonds with the aluminium hydroxide surfaces but strong hydrogen bonds were formed in this process. Our study also revealed that (1) the presence of phenolic groups can increase the interaction strength of carboxylate groups with aluminium hydroxide; (2) chelate formation involving a carboxylate oxygen atom and ortho-phenolic-oxygen is important for the adsorption of organic matter on aluminium hydroxide at acidic pH; and 3) the phenolic groups adjacent to each other are more important than the carboxylic groups at alkaline pH for organic matter adsorption.
MEAN SOOT VOLUME FRACTIONS IN TURBULENT HYDROCARBON FLAMES: A COMPARISON OF SAMPLING AND LASER MEASUREMENTS

ABSTRACT Thermophoretic sampling (TS) followed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) image analysis has recently been developed to obtain local particle volume fraction in addition to size distribution and fractal morphology in a laminar flame. This intrusive, visual TEM observations have the key advantage over laser-based diagnostics of direct characterization of particulates without requiring complicated interpretations and optical properties. This novel experimental technique was implemented here to measure mean soot volume fractions for the first time within two turbulent nonpremixed flames burning ethylene and acetylene in air. Laser extinction (LE) measurements were also conducted at the same axial and radial flame locations and compared to the independent TS/TEM data for assessing the uncertainties associated with the experimental determinations of soot volume fractions. After the initial soot inception regions of both flames, where soot volume fractions varied more than an order of magnitude, the TS and LE results agreed to within the combined experimental uncertainties. This consistency not only demonstrated the ability of the TS/TEM method to yield spatially resolved soot volume fractions but also favored the complex refractive index used in the present LE analysis (1.62 + 0.66i) for mature soot aggregates existing at upper flame regions. However, the soot volume fractions from TS/TEM were about a factor of 2 to 3 higher than those from LE in the lower portions of mainly the ethylene flame. This significant difference was evidently due to the presence of young soot particles that are essentially transparent to the visible light. The present experiments which capture carbonization of these precursor particles in turbulent flames, complemented similar past observations in laminar flames.
Nouvelles méthodes utilisées pour améliorer les performances de reproduction chez les ovins

Les techniques de reproduction de plus en plus préci-ses appliquées à la production ovine reflètent directement la progression rapide des connaissances en physio-logie de la reproduction. Léquilibre des mécanismes con-trôlant la reproduction repose sur une relation perma-nente entre les centres nerveux supérieurs et les gona-des, relation assurée par des hormones glycoprotéiques ou stéroïdiennes. Les centres nerveux comportent deux étages, le premier (hypothalamus
Microwave Heat Treatment of Spinach: Drying Kinetics and Effective Moisture Diffusivity

The effect of microwave drying technique on moisture content, moisture ratio, drying rate, drying time, effective moisture diffusivity, and porosity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated. By increasing the microwave output powers (180–900 W) and the sample amounts (25–100 g), the drying time decreased from 18 to 3.5 min and increased from 7.7 to 25 min, respectively. To determine the kinetic parameters, the drying data were fitted to various models based on the ratios of the differences between the initial and final moisture contents and equilibrium moisture content versus drying time. Among of the models proposed, Page's model gave a better fit for all drying conditions applied. The activation energy was calculated using an exponential expression based on Arrhenius equation. The relationship between the drying rate constant and effective moisture diffusivity was also estimated and gave a linear relationship.
Modelling and Simulation of a Direct Contact Rotary Dryer

ABSTRACT A mathematical model able to predict solid and drying gas temperature and moisture content axial profiles along a direct contact rotary dryer was developed. The study was focused on the drying kinetics based on phenomenological models. Two different drying mechanisms in the decreasing drying rate period were tested: proponional to the unbound moisture content and moisture diffusion inside the particle. Experimental data collected in a pilot-scale direct contact rotary dryer was used to validate the model. Soya and fish meals were used as drying material.
Introduction to Ligand Field Theory

INTRODUCTION TO LIGAND FIELD THEORY BY CARL J. INTRODUCTION TO LIGAND FIELD THEORY VIDEO DAILYMOTION. INTRODUCTION TRANSITION METAL CHEMISTRY LIGAND FIELD THEORY. LIGAND FIELD THEORY WWWCHEM UWIMONA EDU JM. CHAPTER 23 INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS LIGAND. WILEY LIGAND FIELD THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS BRIAN N. CARL J BALLHAUSEN INTRODUCTION TO LIGAND FIELD THEORY. INTRODUCTION TO LIGAND FIELD THEORY
Recent progress in high-entropy alloys

Progres recents dans les alliages a haute entropie. La trentaine de systemes d'alliages actuellement d'utilisation courante sont typiquement bases sur un ou, au plus, deux elements. On considerait que des alliages constitues d'un plus grand nombre d'elements principaux formeraient des microstructures compliquees et fragiles, et la recherche sur de tels alliages multielementaires a donc ete tres limitee. Cependant, en 1995, Yeh a suggere que les systemes d'alliages formes d'au moins cinq elements metalliques possedaient des entropies de melange elevees et favoriseraient donc la formation de solutions solides multielementaires, par opposition aux supposees structures complexes formees de nombreux composes intermetalliques. Les travaux effectues au cours de la derniere decennie sur de tels alliages multielementaires, denommes de facon appropriee « alliages a haute entropie » (AHE), ont en effet montre que ces derniers formaient des phases simples a structures nanocristallines et meme amorphes. Outre l'effet de haute entropie, ces caracteristiques structurales ont ete attribuees a l'existence dans ces melanges multielementaires de fortes distorsions de reseau et d'une diffusion ralentie. En fonction de leur composition et du procede d'elaboration, il s'est avere que les AHE presentaient un large spectre de microstructures et de proprietes. Les proprietes superieures de certains AHE par rapport aux alliages classiques, ainsi que le nombre enorme de combinaisons possibles susceptibles de conduire a des phenomenes nouveaux et a des applications fonctionnelles, font que ces AHE presentent un grand interet non seulement du point de vue de la recherche mais aussi pour de nombreuses applications industrielles. Dans cette perspective, cet article passe en revue les progres recents dans les AHE et les orientations futures.
Ammonia dimer: A surprising structure

High resolution rotational spectra for (14NH3)2, (14ND3)2, 15NH3–14NH3, and 14NH3–15NH3 have been obtained using the molecular beam electric resonance technique. For 14NH3 dimer the spectra are simple and consist only of the J=0–1 and J=1–2 transitions with K=0 for two vibrational states (hereafter designated α and β) of the complex. The spectroscopic constants for (14NH3)2 are: 1/2 (B+C)α=5110.412(2), 1/2 (B+C)β=5110.564(2), DJ=0.0529(5), eqQ1aa =−0.639(13), eqQ2aa =0.904(8) (MHz); μαa =0.7497(10), μ βa =0.7376(9) (D). For (ND3)2 the vibrational states are unsplit 1/2 (B+C)=4190.300(50) MHz and μa=0.567(4) D. These spectroscopic constants are inconsistent with the theoretically predicted structure for NH3 dimer. In the predicted structure one NH3 unit hydrogen bonds to the other with a nearly linear N–H‐ –N arrangement so that the C3 axis of the basic NH3 is collinear with the hydrogen bond. If θi is the angle between the C3 axis of the ith NH3 unit and the a‐inertial axis of the complex, θ1∼0° and θ2.
An application of the method of moments to range-based volatility estimation using daily opening, high, low and closing (OHLC) prices

We use the expectation of the range of an arithmetic Brownian motion and the method of moments on the daily high, low, opening and closing prices to estimate the volatility of the stock price. This novel theoretical approach results in an estimator that is genuinely range-based on daily opening, high, low and closing data, unlike current estimators in the literature. The daily price jump at the opening is considered to be the result of the unobserved evolution of an after-hours virtual trading day. In comparison to existing drift-independent estimator we ﬁnd that our estimator is actually more efﬁcient when using a smaller number of data points, while for a larger number of points the efﬁciency of our estimator stays within 99% of the existing one. A toy example that uses this method to take advantage of mispricing opportunities in the options market illustrates potential applications of this method to algorithmic trading.
Ion Release Behavior and Apatite-Forming Ability of Sol-Gel Derived 70S30C Bioactive Glass with Magnesium/Zinc Substitution

Bioactive glasses not only can bond to hard tissues of the body, are also able to release ions that have stimulatory effects on cells and so are regarded as promising candidate materials for gene activating purposes in tissue engineering applications. In this research the effect of co-substitution of Magnesium and Zinc for Calcium on bioactivity of binary sol-gel derived glass 70S30C (70 mol. % SiO2, 30 mol. % CaO) was investigated. Calcium phosphates forming ability tests and investigation of glass degradation products in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed as follows.After sol-gel synthesis of glass powders of comparable and under 38 μm particle size distributions, their state of being amorphous was investigated using X-ray diffraction. Then for in vitro investigation of bioactivity, ion release, pH change and Calcium phosphate formation during immersion of glass powders in SBF at 37 ͦC up to 2 weeks were studied. Infrared spectroscopy was performed on the reacted glass powders.Results indicate that substitution of Zinc for Calcium suppresses crystalline apatite formation more effectively than substitution of Magnesium for Calcium and help us design modified compositions of magnesium and zinc containing bioactive glasses that can find applications in bone and also cartillage tissue engineering.
Atomic resolution imaging of InP(110) surface observed with ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope in noncontact mode

True atomic resolution imaging of the cleaved semi‐insulating InP(110) surface was demonstrated using an ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope (AFM) in noncontact mode. The force gradient acting on the tip was detected by the frequency modulation method. The rectangular lattice could be clearly observed. The image contrast suddenly changed during the scan, which suggests that the noncontact AFM imaging is performed under the condition of nearly monoatomic tip–sample force interaction. Atomic defects have been clearly and reproducibly observed. These results suggest that noncontact AFM has the potential for true atomic‐scale lateral resolution and is quite effective for atomic surface structure analysis in real space.
Formulation and evaluation of different IPM modules against sucking insect pests of cabbage viz., aphids and whiteflies

The investigation on “Formulation and evaluation of different IPM modules against sucking insect pests of cabbage viz., Aphids and Whiteflies” was carried out at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Karnataka, India during rabi season of the academic year 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. The treatments included recommended IPM module (T1), bio-intensive IPM module (T2), adoptable IPM module (T3), Chemi-intensive module (T4) and an untreated control plot (T5). Observations on pest and natural enemies were recorded on main crop and border crop respectively before and after different sprays. Among the different IPM modules formulated and evaluated against sucking insect pests of cabbage, Adoptable IPM module consisting of the components like, sowing of mustard as an trap crop and maize as a border crop, scheduled spray of botanical pesticide like Neemazol 10000ppm @1ml/l, spray of entomopathogenic fungi like Lecanicillium lecani 2×108 CFU/ml and @2g/l, Metarhizium rileyi 2×108 CFU/ml @2g/l and spray of chemical pesticide, Rynaxypyr 18.5 SC @0.1ml/l registered lowest average population of aphids, whiteflies and was followed by Recommended IPM module and Chemi-intensive module. Further, border cropping with insectary plants like maize and mustard increased the potentiality of natural enemies viz., Ladybird beetles and hoverflies.
The effect of molecular weight on the crystallization kinetics and equilibrium melting temperature of poly(tetramethylene ether glycol)

Isothermal crystallization of poly(tetramethylene ether glycol) (PTMEG) with relatively low molecular weight (Mn = 991, 2004 and 2864, respectively) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, and the equilibrium melting temperature (T) determined using the Hoffman–Weeks analysis. The crystallization kinetics of PTMEG were characterized using an Avrami analysis. Mechanistic n values ranged from 2.2 to 2.9 for the primary crystallization process for three molecular weight grades, indicating heterogeneous nucleation of spherulites. Polarized light microscopy confirmed that PTMEG crystallized by the growth of spherulites from heterogeneous nuclei. The half–life for crystallization (t1/2) and the composite rate constant were found to be dependent on the degree of supercooling (ΔT) and the molecular weight. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphene-Based Flexible Supercapacitors: Pulse-Electropolymerization of Polypyrrole on Free-Standing Graphene Films

A simple method has been implemented to create flexible, uniform graphene–polypyrrole composite films using a pulsed electropolymerization technique for supercapacitor electrodes. Applying the pseudocapacitive contribution of conformal redox-active polypyrrole to graphene supercapacitor electrodes results in high performance while still maintaining the inherent flexibility of graphene films. Specific capacitances as high as 237 F/g were obtained for a moderate total deposition time of only 120 s, which is approximately four times higher than the blank scaffold, graphene films. This flexible supercapacitor film exhibited very high energy and power densities with values of ∼33 Wh/kg and ∼1184 W/kg, respectively, at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s. This increase was attributed to the favorable nucleation of new polymer chains at defects on the graphene surface, which become less favorable as defect sites are occupied by existing polymer nanoparticles.
H2O Condensation Coefficient and Refractive Index for Vapor-Deposited Ice from Molecular Beam and Optical Interference Measurements

The condensation of H2O on ice multilayers on Ru(001) was studied using both molecular beam and optical interference techniques as a function of surface temperature. From the beam reflection technique, the H2O sticking coefficient, S, was determined to be S = 0.99 ± 0.03 at temperatures between 85 and 150 K and was independent of incident angle (0−70°) and beam energy (1−40 kcal/mol). The condensation coefficient, α, was dependent on both the incident H2O flux and the desorption H2O flux at the various surface temperatures. The magnitude of α varied continuously from unity at T < 130 K to zero at higher temperatures. The optical interference experiments yielded condensation coefficients and sticking coefficients of α = S = 0.97 ± 0.10 at temperatures from 97 to 145 K where the H2O desorption flux was negligible with respect to the incident flux. The optical interference measurements monitored the ice film thickness versus H2O exposure time and were dependent on the refractive index, n, and the density, ρ,.
EXTRACTION OF MOLYBDENUM FROM NITRIC ACID BY OCTYL(PHENYL)-N,N-DIISOBUTYLCARBAMOYLMETHYL-PHOSPHINE OXIDE

The extraction behavior of molybdenum(VI) under the conditions of transuranium extraction (TRUEX) process was studied by using octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide. The extraction behavior of molybdenum(VI) under the condition of PUREX process was also investigated for comparison. The extraction of molybdenum with the copresence of uranium(VI), dysprosium(III), and the effect of oxalic acid were examined. Under the PUREX conditions, molybdenum was less extractable, while under the TRUEX process conditions, a higher distribution ratio of molybdenum was observed. Under the TRUEX conditions, the addition of oxalic acid was effective in depressing molybdenum extraction. It was concluded that, at the concentration of nitric acid around 1 mol dm−3 or higher, Mo(VI) is extracted predominantly as cationic species, while at lower concentration of nitric acid, the coextraction of anionic molybdenum as a mixed complex with other metal, that is, UO2 2+, occurs.
Accelerating carbon uptake in the Northern Hemisphere: evidence from the interhemispheric difference of atmospheric CO2 concentrations

Previous studies have indicated that the regression slope between the interhemispheric difference (IHD) of CO2 mixing ratios and fossil fuel (FF) CO2 emissions was rather constant at about 0.5 ppm/Pg C yr−1 during 1957–2003. In this study, we found that the average regression slopes between the IHD of CO2 mixing ratios and IHD of FF emissions for 16 sites in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) decreased from 0.69±0.12 ppm/Pg C yr−1 during 1982–1991 to 0.37±0.06 ppm/Pg C yr−1 during 1996–2008 (IHD of CO2 defined as the differences between each site and the South Pole, SPO). The largest difference was found in summer and autumn. The change in the spatial distribution of FF emissions driven by fast increasing Asian emissions may explain the slope change at three sites located north of 60°N but not at the other sites. A 30-yr SF6 simulation with time-varying meteorology and constant emissions suggests no significant difference in the decadal average and seasonal variation of interhemispheric exchange time (τ ex) between the two periods. Based on the hemispheric net carbon fluxes derived from a two-box model, we attributed 75% of the regression slope decrease at NH sites south of 60°N to the acceleration of net carbon sink increase in the NH and 25% to the weakening of net carbon sink increase in the SH during 1996–2008. The growth rate of net carbon sink in the NH has increased by a factor of about three from 0.028±0.023 [mean±2σ] Pg C yr−2 during 1982–1991 to 0.093±0.033 Pg C yr−2 during 1996–2008, exceeding the percentage increase in the growth rate of IHD of FF emissions between the two periods (45%). The growth rate of net carbon sink in the SH has reduced 62% from 0.058±0.018 Pg C yr−2 during 1982–1991 to 0.022±0.012 Pg C yr−2 during 1996–2008.