Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Century of Reduced ENSO Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly

Climate model simulations of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) behavior for the last millennium demonstrate interdecadal to centennial changes in ENSO variability that can arise purely from stochastic processes internal to the climate system. That said, the instrumental record of ENSO does not have the temporal coverage needed to capture the full range of natural ENSO variability observed in long, unforced climate model simulations. Here we demonstrate a probabilistic framework to quantify changes in ENSO variability via histograms and probability density functions using monthly instrumental and coral‐based sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies from 1900–2005 and 1051–1150 CE. We find that reconstructed SST anomalies from modern corals from the southwest Pacific capture changes in ENSO variability that are consistent with instrumental SST data from the central equatorial Pacific. Fossil coral records indicate 100 years of relatively lower ENSO variability during part of the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Our results demonstrate that periods of reduced ENSO variability can last a century, far longer in duration than modern observations in the instrumental record of ENSO, but consistent with results from unforced climate model simulations.
The role of anterior tucking of graft in subtotal perforation of tympanic membrane

Background: Tympnaoplasty has been well accepted as the surgery of choice for chronic otitis media. Since the introduction of tympanoplasty, there has been many modifications in terms of technique, approach, and materials used for grafting the tympanic membrane; each with their respective advantages and disadvantages. But irrespective of procedure done, very large and subtotal perforations have always posed a problem with failure after surgery. This demands further modification of the procedure to support the graft. This study was done to know the role of Anterior tucking of graft in subtotal perforation of tympanic membrane in terms of graft uptake rate and hearing outcome. Methods: A systemic retrospective analysis of case files was done. The case files of patient who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Detailed preoperative and postoperative clinical and audiometric findings were noted down. Results: Total of 40 cases with 3 cases being bilateral, 43 ears were operated by cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty along with anterior tucking of the graft. Our success rate was 95.3% (n=40). 40 patients had showed the improvement in hearing with average air bone gap gain of 12.7 dB HL. Conclusions: Underlay grafting for subtotal perforations of tympanic membrane is a surgically challenging and results in poor outcome. Modification to this method by anterior tucking of the graft is an effective surgical technique with satisfactory outcomes and hence is advocated for the routine practice.
Psycho-sexual impact of the hysterectomy of African woman: experience of Cocody University Hospital (UH-C)

Background: Specify the psychological and sexual impact of hysterectomy on the life of the women after the surgical operation. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study which was undertaken in the obstetrical gynaecology department of the CHU of Cocody and in the National Institute of Mental Health of Abidjan over an 18-month period from December 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016. During that period, for gynaecological indications, hysterectomized patients who resumed sexual activities and accepted to take part in the study have been included. Results: The frequency of hysterectomy has been 3.82% of the whole of more important surgical operations of the obstetrical gynaecology department. The epidemiologic profile of our patients has been that of a 43 years old woman, pauciparous and a single person. The indications were dominated by the uterine fibrome (56%), followed by the peritonitis post abortum, the by the cancer of uterine cervix, and finally by the cancer of the ovarian tumors, with 10% each one. In less than 90 days, 88% of the women had resumed sexual intercourses. Six months after the hysterectomy, 66% of the women had a feeling of being better and 44% felt a change in their sexual life. Conclusions: The hysterectomy undoubtedly brings about changes in the daily life, and sexual intercourses of the patients. Therefore, it must be taken into account whenever that intervention is essential.
Constraining the Surface Flux of Sea Spray Particles From the Southern Ocean

Modeling the shortwave radiation balance over the Southern Ocean region remains a challenge for Earth system models. To investigate whether this is related to the representation of aerosol‐cloud interactions, we compared measurements of the total number concentration of sea spray‐generated particles within the Southern Ocean region to model predictions thereof. Measurements were conducted from a container laboratory aboard the R/V Tangaroa throughout an austral summer voyage to the Ross Sea. We used source‐receptor modeling to calculate the sensitivity of our measurements to upwind surface fluxes. From this approach, we could constrain empirical parameterizations of sea spray surface flux based on surface wind speed and sea surface temperature. A newly tuned parameterization for the flux of sea spray particles based on the near‐surface wind speed is presented. Comparisons to existing model parameterizations revealed that present model parameterizations led to overestimations of sea spray concentrations. In contrast to previous studies, we found that including sea surface temperature as an explanatory variable did not substantially improve model‐measurement agreement. To test whether or not the parameterization may be applicable globally, we conducted a regression analysis using a database of in situ whitecap measurements. We found that the key fitting parameter within this regression agreed well with the parameterization of sea spray flux. Finally, we compared calculations from the best model of surface flux to boundary layer measurements collected onboard an aircraft throughout the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES), finding good agreement overall.
Activity monitoring in professional soccer goalkeepers during training and match play

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present study was to quantify the external load of professional soccer goalkeepers. Twenty professional goalkeepers participated in the study. Data were classified according to the number of days before or after the match day (MD) as follows: MD-4, MD-3, MD-2, MD-1 for the sessions before the match, and MD+1 for the session after the match. The total running distance covered (TD), the high metabolic load (HMLD), the number of high metabolic load efforts (HMLE) were progressively reduced from MD-4 to MD-1 but the values of these variables were always inferior to MD (ES: -3.79 to −1.11). There was a tendency for a progressive reduction in the number of high-intensity accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC) from MD-4 to MD-1 although the values of ACC/DEC were superior to MD (ES: 0.19 to 2.05). Overall, MD-2 was the day with the lowest external load. During training sessions, starter goalkeepers performed more TD (ES: 0.36) and more HMLE (ES: 0.29) than non-starters. External load was progressively decreased in the days before match play for goalkeepers which is reflective of appropriate recovery and preparation practices within the cohort analysed. However, habitual goalkeepers training has an excess of accelerations/decelerations and a lack of running actions performed at high metabolic loads.
Towards Simulating Semantic Onboard UAV Navigation

In recent years the field of robotic navigation has increasingly harnessed semantic information in order to facilitate the planning and execution of robotic tasks. The use of semantic information focuses on employing representations more understandable by humans to accomplish tasks with robustness against environmental change, limiting memory requirements and improving scalability. Contemporary computer vision algorithms extracting semantic information have continuously improved their performance on benchmark datasets, however, most computations are expensive, limiting their use for robotic platforms constrained by size, weight and power such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), Recent advances have demonstrated the potential for navigation systems based on semantic information to be included into real-time operation of UAVs. This paper describes the development of a processing pipeline to incorporate the use of semantic information into a UAV navigation system. A navigation framework that uses the Robot Operating System (ROS) and semantic information is being developed, with simulations as a primary evaluation mechanism, preceeding deployment on hardware. The proposed system takes inputs from RGB images generated on-board the UAV and processes them in real-time to generate a semantic representation of its environment. The UAV executes subsequent actions autonomously by reasoning about the semantic content of the environment in order to accomplish a goal. Results from simulation indicated that the system is capable of extracting semantic information from camera images alone and infer plausible motion inputs for the flight controller to execute. The results also show that the system is capable of processing data in real-time and is able to enhance navigational capabilities to drive UAVs towards a higher level of autonomy.
Time to go wild: How to conceptualize and measure process dynamics in real teams with high-resolution

Team processes are interdependent activities among team members that transform inputs into outputs, vary over time, and are critical for team effectiveness. Understanding the temporal dynamics of team processes and related team phenomena with a high-resolution lens (i.e., methods with high sampling rates) is particularly challenging when going “into the wild” (i.e., studying teams operating in their full situated context). We review quantitative field studies using high-resolution methods (e.g., video, chat/text data, archival, wearables) and map out the various temporal lenses for studying team dynamics. We synthesize these different lenses and present an integrated temporal framework that is of help in theorizing about team dynamics. We also provide readers with a “how to” guide that summarizes four essential steps along with analytical methods (e.g., sequential and pattern analyses, mixed-methods research, abductive reasoning) that are applicable to the broad scope of high-resolution methods.
Surgical strategies in the treatment of liver hydatid cyst

Hydatidosis is an endemic zoonosis that is prevalent in South America, specifically in Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Liver hydatidosis (LH) is associated with morbidity and mortality due to evolutionary complications, as well as the risk of complications related to surgical procedures. The surgical treatment of LH can be divided into four phases: isolation of the surgical area, evacuation of the cyst, treatment of the complications of the cyst and treatment of the residual cavity. LH surgical procedures can be classified as conservative and radical. The aim of the present study was to present a general, evidence‐based overview of some surgical aspects of interest in the treatment of LH.
ETNA (Evaluating Treatment with Neoadjuvant Abraxane) randomized phase III study comparing neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) versus paclitaxel (P) both followed by anthracycline regimens in women with HER2-negative high-risk breast cancer: A MICHELANGO study.

502Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens employing anthracyclines and taxanes have reported essentially doubled pCR rates with the addition of a taxane after anthracycline combinations. A reverse sequence did not reduce activity. nab-Paclitaxel (nab-P) is an albumin-bound nanoparticle of paclitaxel (P) that allows for safe infusion without premedication, and led to a significantly higher rate of pCR in the GeparSepto trial (Untch et al, Lancet Oncol 2016). Methods: This multicenter open label study (NCT01822314) in collaboration with GEICAM and BCRC-WA randomized 695 patients with centrally-confirmed HER2-negative breast cancer to P 90 mg/m2 (349 patients) or nab-P 125 mg/m2(346 patients). The two drugs were given on weeks 1, 2 and 3 followed by 1-week rest for 4 cycles before 4 cycles of an anthracycline regimen per investigator choice. Results: The ITT analysis of the primary endpoint pCR (absence of invasive cells in breast and nodes) along with the overall objective clinical response after sys.
Falls From Shopping Carts Versus Household Products Among Young Children

Young children are exposed to various hazards both within and outside their home environments. Studies evaluating the causes of a high prevalence of injuries to young children have found childhood impulsiveness and curiosity, lack of general awareness, dependence on caregivers for safety, and lack of adequate supervision by adult caregivers among the reasons. Various studies of retail environments have documented the risk of injuries to young children from shopping carts. In 2017 alone, children 5 years old and younger accounted for approximately 19,000 injuries due to shopping carts requiring treatment in hospital emergency departments. The present study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of falls from shopping carts among children aged 0 to 5 years as compared to the prevalence of falls from common household products such as beds, couches, chairs, and so on. The results revealed that, of the 19,000 injuries associated with carts, over 12,000 were associated with falls from carts and that this proportion was comparable to those for common household products.
REveAL™ and CARElink™ (Real Care) : minimising the time taken to achieve a diagnosis in the implantable loop recorder population

Introduction Syncope accounts for ≈ 2.7/1000 population/year of presentations to UK healthcare, a figure believed to be underestimated by up to 30% due to misdiagnosis. For some patients the cause of their episode/s may remain unexplained. The implantable loop recorder (ILR) is effective for diagnosis of syncope and palpitations, with UK and European guidelines advising its use if symptoms are infrequent. However current follow-up regimes can lead to a slow diagnostic pathway for patients. Remote monitoring technology allows patients to send their ILR data to their clinic Research Questions 1) Does remote monitoring of ILRs reduce time to diagnosis and/or increase diagnostic yield? 2) What is the impact of remote monitoring on logged events requiring analysis? Method New ILR patients at a single implanting centre were recruited. Following informed consent, they were randomised into control or experimental groups. Patients in the control group were reviewed in the conventional manner with routine 6 monthly follow-ups plus additional ad hoc checks if symptoms occurred. Patients in the experimental group were asked to send transmissions fortnightly or following a symptom. All recordings were reviewed and classified as true or false events according to pre-defined criteria. Significant true event ECGs were reviewed blindly by a cardiologist. All data were verified by two physiologists or a physiologist and a cardiologist prior to analysis. The primary outcome variable was median time to clinical diagnosis. Results 37 patients were randomised, 19 to the control and 18 to the experimental group. The control group comprised 11 males and 8 females with a median age of 60 (36-86) years. The experimental group comprised 10 males and 8 females, median age 58 (36-84) years. Mann-Whitney U testing showed no significant differences in group demographics. Following randomisation 5526 events were logged, 1264 in the control and 4262 in the experimental group. 28 (76%) of patients had a true event, which led to a diagnosis in 23 (67%) of patients. There were 13 patients with true events and 10 diagnoses in the experimental group, with 15 true events and 13 diagnoses in the control group. Asystole was the most common event that led to a diagnosis, accounting for 35% of diagnoses. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess the primary outcomes of time from event to follow-up, and time to clinical diagnosis. Compared to the control group, the median time from event to follow-up was reduced from 3 to 1 week (p=0.004). Median time to diagnosis was reduced from 13 to 6 weeks (p=0.049) when remote monitoring was used. Conclusion In patients with ILR, remote monitoring significantly reduced diagnostic delay although the overall diagnostic yield was not increased. However remote monitoring resulted in a three-fold increase in logged events that required analysis with only 1 in 328 proving to be true events: this will have significant resource implications.
Freshness-Aware Seed Selection for Offloading Cellular Traffic Through Opportunistic Mobile Networks

Offloading cellular traffic through Opportunistic Mobile Networks, also known as opportunistic offloading has been proposed as a promising way to relieve the overload of cellular networks. The efficiency of such opportunistic offloading is highly determined by the selection of initial seeds. With considering both the freshness of the content and the cost of transmission from the cellular network to the initial seeds, this paper defines a novel freshness-aware seed selection optimization problem to find both the optimal number of initial seeds and the maximum overall content utility. To solve the optimization problem, the optimal strategy is first analyzed, and then two seed selection methods: the greedy seed selection method and the decay-based seed selection method are proposed to find the optimal number of initial seeds to maximize the overall content utility. The greedy seed selection method iteratively selects nodes with the maximum Freshness Centrality value as initial seeds. To further improve the performance, the decay-based seed selection method selects initial seeds who are far apart and important in theirs local structure. Extensive real trace-driven simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed seed selection methods. The results show that as expected the proposed decay-based seed selection method is superior to the proposed greedy seed selection method and the random seed selection method, not only in the Infocom 06 trace, but also in the MIT Reality trace.
Improving Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Productivity through Adaptive Management of Water and Nitrogen

Management of nitrogen and water plays a significant role in increasing crop productivity. A large amount of nitrogen (N) may be lost through leaching if these resources are not well managed. Wetting front detectors (WFDs) and Chameleon soil water sensors were used to adapt water and nitrogen applications with the goal of increasing millet yields, as well as nitrogen and water use efficiency. The trials were laid out as a randomized complete block design with factorial combinations of water and N, and included the following treatments: irrigation to field capacity (fortnightly and weekly), adaptive-water application based on sensor response or rainfed, and N treatments included either fixed nitrogen levels (0, 45, 90 kg N ha−1) or an adaptive-N rate, depending on N content of the soil solution extracted from WFDs. Adaptive management aims to steer water and nitrogen applications towards optimum crop requirements. Treatments that received both high water and nitrogen outperformed other treatments by 11% to 68% in terms of biomass production and 16% to 54% in grain yield, while water use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency values were also higher, ranging from 1.58 to 7.94 kg m−3 and 1.43 to 8.30 kg m−3. Results suggest that integrated adaptive water and nitrogen management should be considered to reduce high N losses and cost of crop production, without a meaningful yield penalty, relative to high production input management.
Galactic cosmic ray effects on iron and nickel isotopes in iron meteorites

We present model calculations for cosmogenic production rates in order to quantify the potential effects of spallation and neutron capture reactions on Fe and Ni isotopes in iron meteorites. We aim to determine whether the magnitude of any cosmogenic effects on the isotopic ratios of Fe and/or Ni may hinder the search for nucleosynthetic variations in these elements or in the application of the 60Fe‐60Ni chronometer. The model shows that neutron capture reactions are the dominant source of shifts in Fe and Ni isotopic ratios and that spallation reactions are mostly negligible. The effects on 60Ni are sensitive to the Co/Ni ratio in the metal. The total galactic cosmic ray (GCR) effects on 60Ni and 64Ni can be minimized through the choice of normalizing isotopes (61Ni/58Ni versus 62Ni/58Ni). In nearly all cases, the GCR effects (neutron capture and/or spallation) on Fe and Ni isotopic ratios are smaller than the current analytical resolution of the isotopic measurements. The model predictions are compared to the Fe and Ni isotopic compositions measured in a suite of six group IAB irons with a range of cosmic ray exposure histories. The experimental data are in good agreement with the model results. The minimal effects of GCRs on Fe and Ni isotopes should not hamper the search for nucleosynthetic variations in these two elements or the application of the 60Fe‐60Ni chronometer in iron meteorites or chondrites.
Verbal short-term memory and sentence comprehension in German children and adolescents with Down syndrome: Beware of the task

In individuals with Down syndrome (DS) deficits in verbal short-term memory (VSTM) and deficits in sentence comprehension co-occur, suggesting that deficits in VSTM might be causal for the deficits in sentence comprehension. The present study aims to explore the presumed relationship between VSTM and sentence comprehension in individuals with DS by specifically targeting the influence of task demands. The authors assessed VSTM skills in 18 German-speaking children/adolescents with DS by a nonword repetition (NWR) test and elicited data from three different tasks on the comprehension of complex sentence structures: two sentence-picture-matching tasks (TROG-D and a passive test) and one picture-pointing task on object wh-questions. Whereas performance in NWR yielded a significant degree of prediction for scores obtained in the TROG-D and in passive comprehension, no significant degree of prediction was found for NWR and object wh-question comprehension. Moreover, implicational scaling analyses indicated that mental-age adequate performance in sentence comprehension did not imply adequate performance in NWR. Research is needed that specifies the relation between memory systems and sentence comprehension while considering the influence of task demands.