Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximal Humerus Reconstruction after Tumor Resection: An Overview of Surgical Management

Proximal humerus is one of the anatomical sites that are most frequently involved by bone and soft tissue malignant tumors. Alone or in association with adjuvant treatments, surgery represents the main therapeutic option to treat and eradicate these diseases. Once the first-line option, in the last decades, amputation lost its role as treatment of choice for the large majority of cases in favor of the modern limb sparing surgery that promises to preserve anatomy and—as much as possible—upper limb functionality. Currently, the main approaches used to replace proximal humerus after a wide resection in oncologic surgery can be summarized in biological reconstructions (allografts and autografts), prosthetic reconstructions (anatomic endoprostheses, total reverse shoulder prostheses), and graft-prosthetic composite reconstructions. The purpose of this overview is to present nowadays surgical options for proximal humerus reconstruction in oncological patients, with their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Trends in complementary feeding practices and caregivers’ feeding knowledge among children aged 6-23 months: Repeated cross-sectional surveys in rural Qinghai China 2012-18

Background Appropriate infant and young child feeding is the basis for child survival, growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in complementary feeding practices and caregivers’ feeding knowledge among children from 2012 to 2018 in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, China. Methods This study took place during and after a controlled interventional evaluation trial in Qinghai Province, China, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based nutrient-dense complementary food supplements (YingYangBao) combined with dietary counseling on improving 6-23 month-old children's health status. We conducted four representative cross-sectional surveys on caregivers of children aged 6-23 months in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, China (baseline survey for the trial (N = 1804) in August 2012, end-line survey for the trial (N = 2186) in August 2014, follow-up survey 1 (N = 496) in January 2016, and follow-up survey 2 (N = 754) in July 2018). In all surveys we used the same questionnaire to collect household information, infant feeding practices and caregivers’ feeding knowledge. Results During the trial period (2012-2014), the proportion of children aged 6-8 months that introduced (semi-) solid food increased from 86.1% to 96.3% (P < 0.0001), however, there was a downward trend from 2014 to 2018 (P = 0.0014 for trend). The prevalence of minimum dietary diversity also increased from 51.4% at 2012 baseline survey to 57.5% at 2014 endline survey (P = 0.0004), but the upward trend did not maintain from 2014 to 2018 (P = 0.7863 for trend). The minimum dietary frequency, the minimum acceptable diet, and continued breastfeeding at one year were nearly unchanged from 2012 to 2018 (P = 0.9529, P = 0.7602 and P = 0.6013 for trend, respectively), remaining around 30%, 10% and 20% respectively in the four surveys. Caregivers’ feeding knowledge on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and introduction of semi or solid foods at 6-8 months increased from 2012 to 2018 (18.6% to 39.5%, 43.2% to 64.3%, respectively). Conclusion This study showed that the sustainability of community-based YYB and dietary counseling program was suboptimal. We suggest that multiple information delivery channels such as smartphones and the Internet should be explored as a supplement to existing channels for delivering counseling information. Trial registration ChiCTRPRC12002444.
Ubiquity of ClNO2 in the urban boundary layer of Calgary, AB, Canada

The role of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) as a nocturnal nitrogen oxide reservoir species and chlorine atom precursor is well established for polluted coastal areas, but its role at midcontinental locations is less clear. In this paper, intermittent measurements over the course of several seasons of ClNO2 mixing ratios by iodide ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, are presented. Mixing ratios were highly variable between nights and seasons and depended on the abundances of precursors and meteorological conditions. The lowest ClNO2 mixing ratios (nocturnal maximum of 30 parts per trillion by volume (pptv)) were observed in the summer, rationalized by losses of the nitrate radical (NO3) that were more efficient than in the other months. Higher ClNO2 mixing ratios (up to 330 pptv) were observed in the winter and spring months but varied between nights. In the fall, ClNO2 mixing ratios increased from night to night following the application of salt to roads. The ClNO2 yield relati.
You read best what you read most: An eye tracking study

At the threshold of the digital era, Zuzana Licko was of the opinion that familiar letterforms owe legibility to centuries-long exposure and that all new, prototypically unmatching forms would be equally legible if used as frequently. This paper examined the legibility in the context of familiarity – is it affected by the time of exposure to a particular typeface or a typeface’s universal structure. We ran repeated measures tests with exposure period in-between. The experiment was conducted using for this purpose designed typefaces as stimuli, and the eye-tracking on-screen reading technology. The results confirmed that one’s familiarity with a typeface influences one’s reading speed. The universal letter structure, recognised by Frutiger as the prototype skeleton, is the constant that a priori provides legibility. On the other hand, the period of exposure to uncommon letterforms also has a positive impact on legibility. Therefore, considering that the period of familiarity with the humanist letterforms has been continuous since their establishment, the maxim from the dawn of the digital era can be regarded as valid.
Needs of family members of patients admitted to a university hospital critical care unit, Izmir Turkey: comparison of nurse and family perceptions

Purpose: This study aims to compare the perceptions of nurses and families on the needs of the relatives of the patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the ICU of a university hospital. The study comprised 213 critical care patients’ relatives and 54 nurses working in the same ICU. Data were collected using the Turkish version of Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and a questionnaire on the characteristics of the participants. The difference between the perceptions of families and nurses was analyzed using Student t-test. Results: CCFNI’s assurance/proximity subscale mean scores ranked first among bothpatients and nurses. The item “To be assured the best care possible is being given to the patient” was the top priority for both groups. Mean assurance/proximity and information dimensions of relatives were significantly higher compared to nurses (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the perception of patient relatives and nurses related to support and comfort dimensions (p < 0.05). Conclusion The needs of the relatives of patients are underestimated by nurses. This inhibited the performance of ICU nurses in line with the holistic care approach. Educational objectives that include the needs of ICU patients’ relatives should be incorporated into the undergraduate and in-service training of nurses. Policies should be established to create space and time for effective relative-nurse communication.
Characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Background Gut microbiome has recently been identified as a new potential risk factor in addition to well-known diabetes risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the composition of gut microbiome in prediabetes(PreDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic controls. Methods A total of 180 participants were recruited for this study: 60 with T2DM, 60 with PreDM and 60 non-diabetics (control group). Fecal samples were collected from the participants and genomic DNA was extracted. The composition and diversity of gut microbiome were investigated in fecal DNA samples using Illumina sequencing of the V3∼V4 regions of 16sRNA. Results There were significant differences in the number of bacteria among patients with PreDM and T2DM and the control group. Compared with the control group, Proteobacteria bacteria were significantly higher in the PreDM group (P = 0.006). On the genus level, Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Alloprevotella was significantly higher in the T2DM group (P = 0.016, P = 0.018), and the relative abundance of Paraprevotella in T2DM and PreDM groups was lower than that in the control group (P = 0.011, P = 0.045). Compared with the PreDM group and the control group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the T2DM group was significantly lower (P = 0.019, P = 0.002). Conclusions The present study found significant differences in the gut microbiome between PreDM, T2DM and non-diabetic individuals, specifically at the genus level, suggesting that early intervention in PreDM patients could have implications for gut flora transitioning to T2DM. In addition, these results may be valuable for developing strategies to control T2DM by modifying the gut microbiome.
Warming resistant corals from the Gulf of Aqaba live close to their cold-water bleaching threshold

Global climate change is causing increasing variability and extremes in weather worldwide, a trend set to continue. In recent decades both anomalously warm and cold seawater temperatures have resulted in mass coral bleaching events. Whilst corals’ response to elevated temperature has justifiably attracted substantial research interest, coral physiology under cold water stress is relatively unfamiliar. The response to below typical winter water temperature was tested for two common reef building species from the Gulf of Aqaba in an ex situ experiment. Stylophora pistillata and Acropora eurystoma were exposed to 1 or 3 °C below average winter temperature and a suite of physiological parameters were assessed. At 3 °C below winter minima (ca. 18.6 °C), both species had significant declines in photosynthetic indices (maximum quantum yield, electron transport rate, saturation irradiance, and photochemical efficiency) and chlorophyll concentration compared to corals at ambient winter temperatures. It was previously unknown that corals at this site live close to their cold-water bleaching threshold and may be vulnerable as climate variability increases in magnitude. In order to determine if a cold winter reduces the known heat resistance of this population, the corals were subsequently exposed to an acute warm period at 30 °C the following summer. Exposed to above typical summer temperatures, both species showed fewer physiological deviations compared to the cold-water stress. Therefore, the cold winter experience did not increase corals’ susceptibility to above ambient summer temperatures. This study provides further support for the selection of heat tolerant genotypes colonising the Red Sea basin and thereby support the mechanism behind the Reef Refuge Hypothesis.
Understanding disparities in viral suppression among Black MSM living with HIV in Atlanta Georgia

Due to factors associated with structural racism, Black men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV are less likely to be virally suppressed compared to white MSM. Most of these data come from clinical cohorts and modifiable reasons for these racial disparities need to be defined in order to intervene on these inequities. Therefore, we examined factors associated with racial disparities in baseline viral suppression in a community‐based cohort of Black and white MSM living with HIV in Atlanta, GA.
Development and characterization of a chronic implant mouse model for vagus nerve stimulation

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) suppresses inflammation and autoimmune diseases in preclinical and clinical studies. The underlying molecular, neurological, and anatomical mechanisms have been well characterized using acute electrophysiological stimulation of the vagus. However, there are several unanswered mechanistic questions about the effects of chronic VNS, which require solving numerous technical challenges for a long-term interface with the vagus in mice. Here, we describe a scalable model for long-term VNS in mice developed and validated in four research laboratories. We observed significant heart rate responses for at least 4 weeks in 60–90% of animals. Device implantation did not impair vagus-mediated reflexes. VNS using this implant significantly suppressed TNF levels in endotoxemia. Histological examination of implanted nerves revealed fibrotic encapsulation without axonal pathology. This model may be useful to study the physiology of the vagus and provides a tool to systematically investigate long-term VNS as therapy for chronic diseases modeled in mice.
Cognitive impairment and altered cerebral glucose metabolism in the subacute stage of COVID-19

Abstract During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, neurological symptoms increasingly moved into the focus of interest. In this prospective cohort study, we assessed neurological and cognitive symptoms in hospitalized coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients and aimed to determine their neuronal correlates. Patients with reverse transcription-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection who required inpatient treatment primarily because of non-neurological complications were screened between 20 April 2020 and 12 May 2020. Patients (age > 18 years) were included in our cohort when presenting with at least one new neurological symptom (defined as impaired gustation and/or olfaction, performance < 26 points on a Montreal Cognitive Assessment and/or pathological findings on clinical neurological examination). Patients with ≥2 new symptoms were eligible for further diagnostics using comprehensive neuropsychological tests, cerebral MRI and 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET as soon as infectivity was no longer present. Exclusion criteria were: premorbid diagnosis of cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative diseases or intensive care unit treatment. Of 41 COVID-19 inpatients screened, 29 patients (65.2 ± 14.4 years; 38% female) in the subacute stage of disease were included in the register. Most frequently, gustation and olfaction were disturbed in 29/29 and 25/29 patients, respectively. Montreal Cognitive Assessment performance was impaired in 18/26 patients (mean score 21.8/30) with emphasis on frontoparietal cognitive functions. This was confirmed by detailed neuropsychological testing in 15 patients. 18FDG PET revealed pathological results in 10/15 patients with predominant frontoparietal hypometabolism. This pattern was confirmed by comparison with a control sample using voxel-wise principal components analysis, which showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.62) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment performance. Post-mortem examination of one patient revealed white matter microglia activation but no signs of neuroinflammation. Neocortical dysfunction accompanied by cognitive decline was detected in a relevant fraction of patients with subacute COVID-19 initially requiring inpatient treatment. This is of major rehabilitative and socioeconomic relevance.
MicroRNA‐124‐3p suppresses PD‐L1 expression and inhibits tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells via modulating STAT3 signaling

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) plays a significant role in colorectal tumorigenesis through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of antitumor immunity. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) as the posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression show considerable promise as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Considering this, in vitro effects of miRNA‐124 (miR‐124‐3p) on CRC cell tumorigenesis and Tregs differentiation via targeting PD‐L1 were investigated in the current study. Functional analysis showed that miR‐124 is significantly downregulated in CRC tissues as compared with marginal normal samples (p < .0001), and its downregulation was negatively correlated with PD‐L1 expression. Moreover, a specific region in PD‐L1 3′‐untranslated region was predicted as the miR‐124 target and validated using the luciferase assay. Further investigation showed that transfection of HT29 and SW480 cells with miR‐124 mimics significantly reduced PD‐L1 mRNA, protein, and cell surface expression, and inhibited Tregs in coculture models via modulating interleukin [IL]‐10, IL‐2, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor beta, and interferon gamma expression levels. Besides, miR‐124 overexpression decreased CRC cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase through downregulation of c‐Myc and induced apoptosis in CRC cells via upregulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Also, miR‐124 exogenous overexpression could reduce colony and spheroid formation ability of CRC cells via downregulating CD44 mRNA expression. miR‐124 also diminished MMP‐9 expression and subsequently suppressed cell migration and invasion. We also illustrated that STAT3 signaling was repressed by miR‐124 in CRC cells. Taken together, our findings imply that considering the involvement of miR‐124 in the regulation of PD‐L1 through colorectal tumorigenesis and its remarkable antitumor effects, this miRNA could be regarded as the promising target for the development of therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer.
Aplicação foliar de nitrogênio em videira: avaliação do teor na folha e das reservas nitrogenadas e de carboidratos nas gemas dos ramos do ano

ABSTRACT - Leaf nitrogen application is used in grapevines in Southern Brazil as complement to soil fertilization. On the other hand,there is no information about its affects on nitrogen content in the leaves and nitrogen and carbohydrates reserves in the perennialparts. The experiment was carried out in 2004/2005, with the objective to evaluate the effect of nitrogen foliar spraying on le aves andnitrogen and carbohydrates reserves in shoots buds of Chenin Blanc grapevine, at Udorthent soil, in Bento Goncalves, Rio Grande doSul, Brazil. The treatment was three foliar applications: 0 (water); 1.11; 2.23; 3.31; 4.41g N grapevine -1 . Leaves were picked, dried andprepared to total nitrogen analyses. In the last leaf sampling, three shoots and six buds were taken in each plant, prepared andanalyzed for starch, total soluble carbohydrates, carbohydrates reducers, total amino acids and total proteins. Leaf nitrogen a pplicationincreased nitrogen content in the leaf and decreased starch content and total soluble carbohydrates in shoots buds, but did not affectcarbohydrates reducers and totals of aminoacids and proteins.
Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Lung and Heart Injuries in Mice by Oral Sepiapterin after Irradiation

After radiation exposure, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is impaired due to impaired nitric oxide production. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, oxidation of the reduced cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin to dihydrobiopterin as one well recognized mechanism. Oral treatment with sepiapterin, a tetrahydrobiopterin precursor, decreased infiltrating inflammatory cells and cytokine levels in mice with colitis. We therefore tested whether a synthetic sepiapterin, PTC923, might mitigate radiation-induced cardiac and pulmonary injuries. C57L/J wild-type 6–8-week-old mice of both sexes received 5 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI), followed by a top-up dose of 6.5 Gy to the thorax (total thoracic dose of 11.5 Gy). Starting from 24 h postirradiation, mice were treated once daily with 1 mg/kg PTC923 for six days by oral gavage. Assessment of lung injury by breathing rate was measured every other week and echocardiography to assess heart function was performed at different time points (8, 30, 60, 90 and 180 days). Plasma proteins (fibrinogen, neutrophil elastase, C-reactive protein, and IL-6) were assessed as well. TBI induced a reduction in cardiac contractile reserve and an impairment in diastolic function restored by daily oral PTC923. Postirradiation lung injury was significantly delayed by PTC923. TBI mice treated with PTC923 experienced a longer survival compared to nonirradiated mice (71% vs. 40% of mice alive after 180 days). PTC923-treated mice showed a reduction in inflammatory mediators, especially IL-6 and IL-1b. In conclusion, these findings support the proposal that PTC923 is a potential mitigator of cardiac and lung injury caused by TBI.
Postpartum during COVID‐19 pandemic: Portuguese mothers' mental health, mindful parenting, and mother–infant bonding

Abstract Background Millions of people worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which has impacted maternal mental health and mother–infant relationships during the postpartum period. Objectives To explore how mothers' anxious and depressive symptoms, parenting stress, mindful parenting, and mother–infant bonding vary as a function of the moment of the baby's birth (pre‐COVID‐19 or post‐COVID‐19) and to examine the contribution of those variables to mother–infant bonding. Methods The sample was recruited online and comprises 567 mothers (18–46 years) with an infant aged between 0 and 12 months old. Results Approximately 27.5% of the mothers presented clinically significant levels of anxious and depressive symptoms. Mothers who gave birth during the COVID‐19 pandemic presented lower levels of Emotional Awareness of the Child and a more impaired mother–infant bonding than mothers who gave birth before the pandemic started. Approximately 49% of the mother–infant bonding variance was explained by parenting stress and by several dimensions of mindful parenting. Conclusion Our findings provide important insights into the impact of COVID‐19 on maternal mental health and parenting.
Modelling bus-pedestrian crash severity in the state of Victoria, Australia

Abstract Understanding the relationship between bus-pedestrian crash severity and factors contributing to such crashes is important. However, there exists a dearth of research on the factors affecting bus-pedestrian crash severity. This study aims to fulfil this gap by investigating the factors affecting the severity of pedestrian injuries. A data set of bus-pedestrian crashes in the State of Victoria, Australia was analysed over the period of 2006 − 2019. Through the results of association rule discovery method, the factors that increase the risk of pedestrian fatality are darkness, pedestrian walking on carriageway with traffic, intersections, high speed zone, old pedestrian, young bus driver and weekend holidays. Furthermore, co-occurrence of factors that increase the risk of a pedestrian fatality were extracted. To reduce the injuries of bus-pedestrian crashes, we recommend improving the light conditions, reducing the jaywalking behaviour of pedestrians, implementing speed bumps in high speed zones and installing pedestrian detection systems on buses. 13 years of bus-pedestrian crashes in Victoria, Australia was analyzed. Association rules discovery was used for modeling pedestrian fatality. Darkness, pedestrian movement, zone speed and age effect the rate of fatality. Pattern of pedestrian fatality in collision with bus was extracted.