Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOME ASPECTS OF POST-NATAL GROWTH OF ARABI SHEEP : LIVE WEIGHT AND BODY ORGANS

Twelve age groups of 8 Arabi sheep (4 male and 4 female) each, viz. at birth, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months old, and of mature age were selected and slaughtered to find out the growth of live body weight and the growth and maturity coefficients of the following parts or organs head, pelt, feet, liver, heart, lungs and trachea, kidneys, spleen, testes, alimentary canal including oesophagus, stomach and small and large intestines. Males were heavier than females at all ages and the differences increased with age. However, the percentages of head, pelt and feet decreased with age and had growth coefficient values significantly 1, indicating that these parts were low impetus and early maturing. While the spleen and testes were high impetus and early maturing. The growth patterns of the alimentary canal, oesophagus and stomach percentages were increased up to the age of 6 months and gradually decreased up to the maturity. The b values for alimentary canal, esophagus and trachea, stomach and large intestine were significantly> 1, and were high impetus, while the small intestine showed low impetus. Alimentary canal, esophagus and small and large intestine were early maturing while stomach was late maturing. Sex had no significant effect on all growth and maturing coefficients of all traits studied.
The Effectiveness of the Shotloc Training Tool on Basketball Free Throw Performance and Technique

Background: Shooting technique in young players is dependent on the correct positioning of the hand on the ball during release. The ShotLoc was designed to produce the optimal hand position on the ball for shooting accuracy and correct release. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the ShotLoc shooting device in improving the shooting technique of young elite basketball players. Method: Eighty male and female adolescent basketball players recruited from an Elite Player Development Program were videotaped shooting three free throws and then scored on the number of free throw shots made out of thirty. A number of kinematic shooting variables were measured from the video tape. All participants participated in four 20 minute shooting practice sessions on a once per week basis; the experimental group wore the ShotLoc training tool for all of these practices while the control group practiced normally. All players were then videotaped and scored on the number of free throw shots again. Results: Statistical analysis of free throw percentage showed a 6.6% increase in those participants who were trained with the ShotLoc, while the control group experienced a . 6% decrease in shooting percentage. None of the kinematic variables were found to be significantly different between groups, except wrist flexion that increased in the control group following the intervention. Conclusion: the ShotLoc shooting aid could improve free throw shooting percentage following practice using the device. Keywords: Motion Analysis, Kinematics, Basketball Shooting
Morphology of the Intestine of Indigenous Adult Goats of Assam (Capra hircus)

The present study was conducted on six adult indigenous goats of Assam. Jejunum was the longest part of the small intestine and colon was the longest part of the large intestine. Diameter and circumference of duodenum and cecum was the highest of small and large intestine respectively. Thickness of the ileum was highest in the small intestine whereas, rectum in the large intestine.
Chartreuse-Limão: First Eye Mutation Induced by Gamma Radiation with 60Co in the Honeybee

SummaryA mutation conferring yellow eye-colour on bees was induced by prolonged application of 60Co gamma radiation to small colonies of Apis mellifera adansonii. After segregation and allelism tests with other mutants, the new gene was shown to belong to the chartreuse series, and was named chartreuse-limao (chli).
Formation de l'aérosol organique secondaire dans les modèles de qualité de l'air : développement d'une paramétrisation sur la base de simulations explicites

L'oxydation gazeuse des composes organiques emis dans l'atmosphere mene a la formation de milliers de composes organiques secondaires (COS). Une fraction de ces COS est peu volatile, et peut se partager entre la phase gazeuse et la phase particulaire formant ainsi des aerosols organiques secondaires (AOS). Les AOS contribuent majoritairement a la composition des particules, participant entre 20 et 80 % a la masse totale des aerosols fins et influencent ainsi leurs impacts sur l'environnement, en particulier sur la qualite de l'air et le climat. Ces impacts sont quantifies a l'aide de modeles de chimie-transport (CTM). Les comparaisons avec les mesures in situ montrent que les variations spatiales et temporelles de la masse d'AOS ne sont pas correctement simulees par les CTM. Dans ces modeles, la formation d'AOS est representee de facon simplifiee a l'aide de parametrisations empiriques developpees sur la base d'observations en chambres de simulation atmospherique. Il est donc primordial de repenser et d'ameliorer la representation des aerosols organiques dans les CTM pour diagnostiquer l'origine de la pollution atmospherique par les particules fines, ameliorer la fiabilite de la prevision des episodes de pollution et evaluer l'impact des aerosols sur l'environnement. Les objectifs de cette these sont de :  explorer l'influence des conditions environnementales sur la formation et les proprietes des AOS,  developper une nouvelle parametrisation de formation de l'AOS sur la base d'une representation deterministe de la chimie atmospherique,  evaluer cette parametrisation en CTM par comparaison avec des mesures in-situ. Les modeles deterministes permettent de representer la non-linearite des processus de formation de l'AOS. Le modele deterministe GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) est un outil de modelisation numerique qui integre les donnees elementaires (cinetiques et thermodynamiques) issues des etudes en laboratoire. Dans le cadre de cette these, des scenarios d'oxydation en conditions environnementales ont ete developpes et GECKO-A a ete utilise pour etudier l'impact des facteurs environnementaux (temperature, teneur en NOx, ensoleillement.) sur la formation et les proprietes des AOS. Sur la base de ces simulations, une nouvelle parametrisation pour la formation d'AOS a ete developpee: VBS-GECKO. L'evaluation de la VBS-GECKO en modele de boite a montre une bonne reproduction des concentrations en aerosols organiques (AO) avec une RMSE inferieure a 20%. La VBS-GECKO a ete integree au CTM CHIMERE pour simuler les concentrations estivales d'AO au dessus de l'Europe. Son utilisation conduit a une sensible amelioration de la masse d'AO simulee par rapport a la parametrisation de reference utilisee dans CHIMERE. La VBS-GECKO a egalement ete utilise pour etudier (i) les sources et proprietes des AOS et (ii) differentes representation des emissions de composes organiques semi-volatils et de volatilite intermediaire par le trafic routier.
GrazeIn: a model of herbage intake and milk production for grazing dairy cows. 2. Prediction of intake under rotational and continuously stocked grazing management

Decision support tools to help dairy farmers gain confidence in grazing management need to be able to predict performance of grazing animals with easy-to-obtain variables on farm. This paper, the second of a series of three, describes the GrazeIn model predicting herbage intake for grazing dairy cows. The model of voluntary intake described in the first paper is adapted to grazing situations taking account of sward characteristics and grazing management, which can potentially affect intake compared to indoor feeding. Rotational and continuously stocked grazing systems are considered separately. Specific effects of grazing management on intake were quantified from an extensive literature review, including the effect of daily herbage allowance and pre-grazing herbage mass in rotational grazing systems, sward surface height in continuously stocked grazing systems, and daily time at pasture in both grazing systems. The model, based on iterative procedures, estimates many interactions between cows, supplements, sward characteristics and grazing management. The sensitivity of the prediction of herbage intake to sward and management characteristics, as well as the robustness of the simulations and an external validation of the GrazeIn model with an independent data set, is presented in a third paper.
The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense: A New Paradigm Systemic Applied a Six Areas Disciplinares and Two Axis: Identity and Professionalization

Abstract This article introduces a new systemic theory called “The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense”, applied to Identity and Professionalization. The epistemological mainstays of the theory are stressed here, a theory supported by more than 30 years of empirical research at CONICET (National Council of Scientific Research, Argentina), with individuals belonging to different populations, some of them covering periods of over 20 years (intra-generational studies), and others covering three generations in-line (inter-generational studies). This article presents the most specific theoretical frameworks, and it formulates the six disciplinary areas in which the new analysis of the social data was carried out: Education, Health, Science, Media, International Relations and Interculturality. The first area – Education – is dealt with through different levels (secondary level, tertiary level, University and PhD training. Here, we only make reference to the studies carried out, returning to some epistemological issues in this theory. The methodology used was quantitative (statistical analysis, a semi-structured survey) but mainly qualitative (hierarchical evocations, interviews). The approach was macro-micro-meso-macro, micro, not quite common yet. It consists of a kind of sui generis systemism which recovers relationships (links, back and forth) between individuals and contexts, without overlooking neither the former nor the latter, thus, avoiding any type of reductionism. Individuals, organizations and frameworks interplay and feedback themselves. The results, particularly the qualitative ones, show the rich interactions underlying the continuance or innovation processes, which favor or hinder the individuals’ development and identity in times of abrupt change; at the same time, these results reveal the need for Professionalization in emerging countries.
A new specimen of Uruguaysuchus aznarezi (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the middle Cretaceous of Uruguay and its phylogenetic relationships

Uruguaysuchus is a small mesoeucrocodylian known from several partial skeletons and skulls from the Guichon Formation (middle Cretaceous, Uruguay). Several authors have pointed out derived similarities of this taxon with different basal notosuchian genera, highlighting its importance for mesoeucrocodylian phylogeny and biogeography. However, the holotype is only partially prepared and has not been available for study for many years. Thus, phylogenetic studies have included this form based on the original description, thereby resulting in a large amount of missing data in the character scorings of this taxon. Here, we describe a new specimen from the type locality consisting of a partial skull, lower jaw and cervical vertebrae which can be referred to U. aznarezi. The new specimen allows for the recognition and scoring of several characters previously unknown for this taxon, thus providing a more extensive diagnosis, as well as new information for understanding its phylogenetic relationships. These characters are congruent with the morphology present in basal notosuchians. The relationships of Uruguaysuchus are tested through a cladistic analysis using a recently published data set including the new information. The phylogenetic results differ from previous analyses, recovering this taxon as the sister group of the Araripesuchus clade. U. terrai is considered a juvenile individual of U. aznarezi. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, S173–S198.
Genetic variability and correlation studies in okra (Abelmoschus escutentus (L) Moench.).

Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Okra (Abelmoschus escutentus (L) Moench. ) indicated that presence of considerable amount of genetic variability in the materials as well as of genotypic and phenotypic correlation among the various characters studied. The estimate of high heritability (bs) accompanied with high-expected genetic advance for fruit yield plant and plant height indicating the presence of additive gene action in the expression of these traits. The estimates of heritability (bs) were of high magnitude for green fruit yield plant, plant height at harvest, days to maturity and number of internode plant indicating the major role of genotype and ultimately less environmental influence. The magnitudinal difference between PCV and GCV estimate was maximum for fruit length, number of fruits plant and fruit girth, and suggesting influence of environment on these traits. Days to 50 percent flowering and days to maturity are most important traits for exploiting earliness, which are significantly associated. Thus for increasing green fruit yield in okra due emphasis should be given to number of fruits, number of internodes, plant height and fruit length. All these characters had high heritability and highly significant positive association with fruit yield, which can be increased through selection in okra. See end of article for authors’ affiliations Correspondence to : Krushna Dakahe State Level Biotechnology Centre, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, AHMEDNAGAR (M.S.) INDIA Accepted : February, 2007 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Microbial ecology of the sheep mammary gland

Intramammary infections (IMI) in sheep have a major economic impact through reduced milk production, premature culling and even death of ewes. This study hypothesizes that the sheep mammary gland could host a microbiome with certain members affecting SCC. Previous studies have been cross-sectional, using only one sample per subject and not conducted in sheep. This limits understanding causality; that is, how infection develops and what triggers development of disease. A longitudinal study of 30 sheep, each with two mammary gland halves, collected over 8 weeks, provided 379 milk samples and data on ewe parity and milk SCC. DNA was extracted from milk samples and processed using a bacterial 16S rRNA gene targeted PCR. Bacterial community diversity was visualised using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE fingerprints were analysed in a mixed effects regression model to identify associations between individual DGGE bands and changes in SCC. Those bands associated with SCC were sequenced. Corynebacterium efficiens, Psychrobacter maritimus, Streptococcus uberis, Burkholderia cepacia, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Trueperella pyogenes, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Psychrobacter faecalis were significantly associated with a higher SCC. Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Nocardia globerula or Rhodococcus qingshengii, Atopostipes suicloacalis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus and Sharpea azabuensis were significantly associated with a lower SCC. A protocol to analyse all study samples using Illumina MiSeq sequencing was developed to elucidate the complex interactions between the sheep mammary gland microbiome and SCC. The DGGE and MiSeq results show a persistent community has been detected over time, with similarities and differences by mammary gland half, lactation and age. Associations between individual bacterial species and SCC were identified through mixed effect modelling. The DGGE results were comparable to the MiSeq results from 5 sheep. Analysis of all 379 samples by MiSeq sequencing and mixed effects models will be used to directly test the study hypotheses.
A molecular study of phylogenetic relationships and evolution of antipredator strategies in Australian Diplodactylus geckos, subgenus Strophurus

We present phylogenetic analyses of the lizard genus Diplodactylus subgenus Strophurus using 1646 aligned positions of mitochondrial DNA sequences containing 893 parsimony-informative characters for samples of 12 species of Strophurus and 19 additional Australian gecko species. Sequences from three protein-coding genes (ND1, ND2 and COI) and eight intervening transfer RNA genes were examined using parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Species of Strophurus appeared to form a monophyletic group with the possible exception of S. taenicauda. Strophurus has evolved two distinct defence/display characteristics: caudal glands, which expel an unpalatable substance, and striking mouth colours. Caudal glands appeared to have arisen once in a common ancestor of Strophurus, with dermal augmentation of caudal glands characterizing a subclade within the subgenus. Evolution of yellow and dark-blue mouth colours in Strophurus occurred in the context of diurnal activity and may be interpreted as an augmentation of defensive behavioural displays. Molecular divergence suggests that arboreality evolved in a common ancestor of Oedura and Strophurus approximately 29 Mya and that the caudal glands of Strophurus arose approximately 25 Mya. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 82, 123–138.
Identification de nouvelles voies de signalisation activées dans les léiomyosarcomes

Les leiomyosarcomes sont des tumeurs malignes mesenchymateuses composees de cellules a differentiation musculaire lisse. Elles presentent des alterations genetiques complexes avec pertes et gains de chromosomes variables selon les tumeurs, sans anomalies moleculaires recurrentes permettant de definir une entite nosologique contrairement aux sarcomes associes a des translocations (sarcome d’Ewing), ou a des mutations (GIST). Les evenements moleculaires pilotant la tumeur restent inconnus et donc aucune therapie ciblee n’est encore identifiee. L’objectif de ce travail etait d’identifier par proteomique de nouvelles cibles potentielles dans les LMS. Nous avons identifie des kinases activees en analysant le profil d’expression et de phosphorylation des proteines de signalisation, sur une serie de 13 tumeurs congelees. Parmi celles-ci, une surexpression de Tyro-3, PKCq, et MSH2 et une perte de phosphorylation de FAK Y397 ont ete detectees dans les tumeurs comparees au tissu sain. Une classification hierarchique non supervisee a montre deux groupes de LMS ayant des profils d’expression proteique distincts. Nous nous sommes interesses a Tyro-3 dont la co-expression avec son ligand Gas6 a ete exclusivement associee a la phosphorylation d’Akt dans 8 des 13 LMS. Ces correlations ont ete retrouvees dans les deux lignees SK-LMS-1 et CNIO AA. La dephosphorylation de FAK Y397 a ete observee uniquement dans CNIO AA qui exprime fortement Gas6. L’ajout de Gas6 exogene a SK-LMS-1 induit la phospho-Akt, et la dephosphorylation de FAK Y397. La double extinction de l’expression des genes de Tyro-3 et Axl dans CNIO AA reduit la viabilite des cellules, suggerant un role crucial de cette voie dans les LMS
Extraction and quality evaluation of yellowfin tuna bone powder

Commercial processing of tuna either as canned tuna or tuna loins generates considerable quantities of waste and a sizeable quantity of this waste constitutes bones. Yellowfin tuna bone was prepared by three methods viz., by using 0.5% KOH, 1% KOH and 0.5% NaOH and the proximate analysis, elemental composition and fatty acid composition were evaluated in comparison to control prepared without the addition of alkali. The powder was found rich in calcium (19 400 to 26 300 mg 100 g-1) and phosphorus (7797 to 8291 mg 100 g-1) with calciumphosphorus ratio ranging between 2.5 and 3.3:1. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was distinctly higher in tuna bone powder prepared after boiling in 0.5% KOH. Palmitic acid, oleic acid and DHA were the common saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid respectively. Heavy metals like Cd and Hg were not detected in the developed bone powder.
Suivi de la gestation chez la brebis Ouled Djellal par dosage de la protéine associée a la gestation et de la progestérone.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the plasmatic profiles of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) and progesterone during gestation and two weeks postpartum in Ouled Djellal ewes. Twenty-five ewes were sampled weekly after estrus synchronization and natural mating. Concentrations of PAG and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Two ewes failed to become pregnant. Eighteen females developed normal ongoing pregnancies (12 single and 6 multiple) while 5 others were considered as having abnormal pregnancies. In normal ongoing pregnancies, PAG and progesterone concentrations were significantly influenced by the stage of pregnancy (P < 0.0001) but not by the fetal number. Individual plasmatic profiles were described in three ewes having had embryonic mortalities, in two having suffered fetal losses (at days 66 and 110), and finally in two ewes that had at the same time the presence of one alive and one or two mummified fetuses. Plasmatic concentrations of PAG were lower in ewes presenting simultaneously living and mummified fetuses
Gene Flow and Dispersal of the Flatworm, Polycelis coronata : A Multiscale Analysis

Gene Flow and Dispersal of the Flatworm, Polycelis Coronata: A Multiscale Analysis Jeffrey N. Moore Department of Biology Master of Science We determined genetic variance and gene flow across multiple scales (reaches, headwater segments, and catchments) to examine the dispersal ability of the flatworm Polycelis coronata along the Wasatch Mountains of Utah. Multiple models predict patterns of genetic differentiation in stream invertebrates based on dispersal traits and the spatial connectivity of the habitat. The stream hierarchy model predicts genetic differentiation to be low and gene flow to be high between reaches nested in segments, moderate among segments within catchments, and differentiation to be highest and gene flow lowest among catchments, whereas the headwater model predicts the greatest differentiation between headwater segments. Our objective was to determine which model best described genetic patterns observed in P. coronata. Using a nested hierarchical sampling design ensured that if limitations to dispersal had an effect on genetic differentiation, we would be able to identify at what scale these processes operate. We hypothesized genetic variation would be small within headwater segments and reach maximum levels between headwater segments with no increase in differentiation with increasing distance between headwater patches or between drainages. We do not expect high dispersal along the stream network or across the terrestrial environment (actively or passively). We generated DNA sequence data (mitochondrial COI) from 50 sites nested within 24 segments, which were nested in four adjacent catchments. We identified 134 haplotypes from 506 individuals using a 763 bp fragment of mtDNA. Genetic patterns did not conform to the SH model. Evidence from one drainage (Provo River) was consistent with the headwater model. However, high differentiation within sites suggested that the genetic patterns we uncovered may be representative of high ancestral polymorphism among pre-fragmented populations that were historically widespread. Large effective population sizes and no evidence of bottleneck events suggest incomplete lineage cannot be discounted as an explanation of high differentiation at the smallest scales.