Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Signature Proteins the Key to Evaluating Eukaryotic Phylogeny

Eukaryotic Signature Proteins (ESPs) are proteins that delineate the eukaryotes from the archaea and bacteria. They have no readily recognisable homologues in any prokaryotic genome, but their homologues are present in all main branches of eukaryotes. Since ESPs are conserved in all eukaryotes, they are considered to be ancient proteins with a slow rate of evolution. These properties make them theoretically good candidates to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of eukaryotic species. This study examines the possibilities of using ESPs as a special group of proteins in deep phylogenetic analysis. After concatenation of ESP sequences, a phylogenetic tree of 15 mammalian species, and another phylogenetic tree including many divergent eukaryotes was generated to examine how ESPs perform. The latter tree is the longest concatenated sequences to built tree for eukaryotes to date. ESP performed very well for the mammal phylogenetics. The deep eukaryotic tree included some deeply divergent branches but has also showed promising results.
Adducin expression in cutaneous and oral lesions: α‐ and β‐adducin transcripts down‐regulate with keratinocyte differentiation in stratified epithelia

Adducin is a heterodimer of α‐ with β‐ or γ‐subunits that regulates the assembly of the spectrin‐based membrane skeleton in erythrocytes. Although adducin has been identified in various non‐erythroid cells and tissues, it has been localized at intercellular junctions only in keratinocytes and epidermis. However, no data are available yet on the regulation of individual adducin genes in differentiating versus hyperproliferating keratinocytes. Due to the unavailability of mono‐specific antibodies for individual adducins, this study has used RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization to investigate the expression of α‐ and β‐adducins in cultured cells and in stratified epithelia including cutaneous and oral lesions. Using RT‐PCR, the α‐transcripts were consistently expressed in all cell lines tested, as well as in normal interfollicular epidermis, whereas the β‐transcripts were more variable and were strongly expressed in K562, A431, and primary keratinocytes. However, in normal skin, oral mucosa, and attached gingivae, the levels of α‐transcripts closely paralleled those for the β‐subunit. In most normal tissues, adducin expression was observed primarily in the proliferating compartments including the basal layer and lower suprabasal layers. Expression of both genes was also up‐regulated in skin diseases characterized by increased cell proliferation and keratinocyte activation, such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and psoriasis. It was observed that, in most cases, the expression of both α‐ and β‐adducin was accompanied by increased expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67 and keratins K6 and K16. Differentiating keratinocytes in normal epithelia as well as in tumours appear to suppress the expression of adducin transcripts. The data suggest that the expression of adducin genes may be linked to cell proliferation and starts to down‐regulate at the onset of differentiation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catholicism

Contemporary Christology must overcome the metaphysical frameworks of classical dogmatic Christology without losing the substance of New Testament faith; it seems to me that the Hansom are still thinking within those classical frameworks and that in struggling to get out they have begun to revive Christological models or muddles already refuted within that framework. Jesus ‘‘was a man, exhibiting a human personality. But though not superhuman he was certainly supernatural, in that in him God the word was more fully present than in any other man’ (p. 98) “King of saints, he prays for all men in the presence of God, enjoying closest communion with God. But he cannot personally be the mediator of God’s life to men as lor,g as we continue in this life. (The authors hold that it ~ H U J . be possible in the next life). That mediator is God the word, known to us in the form of JCSUS Christ. The man Jesus Christ has not become God, because that is not God’s intention for men’ (p. 103). Newman’s verse about “a higher gift than grace” is twice criticised on the grounds that there is no such gift. Here again then is the traditional liberal Christological impasse, a smooth and “reasonable” account of the incarnation, which is really a breakdown of communication with tradition. Only a radical critique and retrieval of that tradition, in a postmetaphysical climate, can restore a link between the Creed and contemporary people . JOSEPH S. O’LEARY
Stress by Fish Removal in the Gilthead Sea Bream, Sparus aurata

ABSTRACT In order to examine the physiological effects of removal of some fish on the remaining fish in the same tank, a survey of selected stress responses was undertaken in the gilthead sea bream. Results show that a typical acute stress reaction was induced in the remaining fish after 5 minutes and that recovery was observed at 8 hours after stress for plasma cortisol and at 24 hours for plasma glucose, lactate, and hematological parameters. Results show that gilthead sea bream, Spams aurata, is susceptible to mild stress and that disruptions are maintained for several hours. These results can be useful for further studies on sea bream in aquaculture and research in which handling procedures are required, in an effort to minimize stress.
GONAD HISTOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FRESHWATER GOBI, GLOSSOGOBIUS GIURIS (HAMILTON 1822)

In this study, it was aimed at investigating the reproductive biology and histologically determining the developmental stages of oocytes of bele, Glossogobius giuris. Based on the weight of the gonad, presence or absence of ripe oocytes, diameter of oocytes in the ovary and histological observations: five typical gonad maturation stages were described for female using microscopic criteria. During observation period the mean fecundity was obtained 13909.57 ± 3574 and ovum length 0.032 mm to 0.054 mm. Based on the percentage of vitellogenic (VG) stages of oocytes and developmental pattern of gonadosomatic index (GSI) value, it was concluded that their breeding season restricted from April to June.
Characterisation of a population of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum causing wilt of cotton in Australia.

Following the discovery of fusarium wilt in Australian cotton crops in 1993, isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum were collected from 6 cotton farms on the Darling Downs of Queensland. Using a range of procedures the Australian isolates could not be differentiated from each other, but they did differ from foreign isolates of the pathogen in a number of characteristics. Pathogenically, the isolates behaved similarly to race 6 of the pathogen when inoculated onto differential lines. Using aesculin hydrolysis tests, however, it was difficult to match local isolates with any of the known races. Additionally, none of the foreign isolates examined produced detectable volatile compounds when grown on a starch substrate, while all Australian isolates produced a distinctive odour during these tests. The local strain was not vegetatively compatible with any of the foreign isolates and belonged in a single, unique vegetative compatibility group. It is speculated that the Australian strain arose locally, perhaps from a minor population becoming prominent in response to wide-scale planting of highly susceptible cotton cultivars. These findings have significant implications for control of the disease and spread of the pathogen in Australia.
Clonotypic dominance within the HIV-epitope-specific T cell receptor repertoire correlates with phenotypic and functional impairment

HIV-epitope-specific T cell responses are often comprised of clonotypic expansions with distinct functional properties. In HIV+ individuals, we measured PD-1 and IL-7Rα expression, MHC-I tetramer binding, cytokine production, and proliferation profiles of dominant and sub-dominant T cell receptor clonotypes to evaluate the relationship between the composition of the HIV-specific T cell repertoire and clonotypic phenotype and function. Dominant clonotypes are characterized by higher PD-1 expression and lower C127 expression compared to sub-dominant clonotypes and TCR avidity positively correlates with PD-1 expression. At low peptide concentrations, dominant clonotypes fail to survive in culture. In response to stimulation with peptides representing variant epitopes, sub-dominant clonotypes produce higher relative levels of cytokines and display greater capacity for cross-recognition compared to dominant clonotypes. These data indicate that dominant clonotypes within HIV-specific T cell responses display a phenotype consistent with ongoing exposure to cognate viral epitopes and suggest that cross-reactive, sub-dominant clonotypes may retain greater
Low diversity diazotrophic of culturable Burkholderia species associated with sorghum

Sorghum is an important crop around the World. Burkholderia genus has emerged as an important plant associated bacteria in the last years. However, it is important to understand these processes and how they took place in the environment. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of Burkholderia species associated with five varieties of sorghum cultivated in different places of Mexico. Burkholderia species were isolated using a selective medium for diazotrophic species and identified using a semi-selective set of primers and clustered by restriction analysis of 16S rRNA sequence. It was found a low geographical distribution of species Burkholderia tropica and Burkholderia vietnamiensis. Due to the low diversity of diazotrophic Burkholderia found, colonization and competition assays were performed in the rhizosphere of sorghum plants. By colonization assays we inoculated populations of 1 × 08 cfu/ml of B. tropica, Burkholderia unamae, Burkholderiasilvatantlica and Burkholderia xenovorans. We showed that all strains could colonize the rhizosphere. In competition assays, B. unamae and B. tropica did not show any antagonistic effect among them, but we showed that both species colonized the rhizosphere with the same number of bacteria in sorghum plants. The present study confirms the low geographic distribution of diazotrophic B. tropica and B. vietnamiensisassociated with sorghum field-grown in Mexico. Key words: β-rhizobia, Burkholderia, sorghum, nitrogen fixation.
Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation to Low Metabolizable Energy Diets on Production Parameters of Broiler Chickens

SUMMARY Two experiments were conducted to study the performance and carcass quality of broilers in response to varying composition of a diet low in ME, through the supplementation of graded levels of soybean oil. In an initial study, isocaloric (2,965 kcal/kg) and isonitrogenous (21.7%) cornsoybean diets were supplemented with 10, 20, or 30 g/kg of soybean oil. In a second experiment, diets containing ME levels of 2,940 and 3,040 kcal/kg were supplemented with soybean oil levels of 20 or 40 g/kg. In both experiments, supplementation of up to 30 or 40 g of oil/kg of diet resulted in increases of 175 and 120 g (P < 0.05) in BW gain and 97 and 91 g (P ≤ 0.06) in ready-to-cook (RTC) carcass weight at 49 d, respectively. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in percentage deposition of abdominal fat pad only in diets containing 2,965 (Experiment 1) or 2,940 (Experiment 2) kcal of ME/kg with no significant changes in RTC carcass and whole breast or pectoralis major muscle yields and RTC carcass composition. Improvements in production parameters can be achieved in broiler chickens fed a low ME diet through the addition of moderate levels of soybean oil.
Influence of the body condition of Mambí heifers at parturition on the postpartum reproductive performance

A total of 105 Mambi heifers were studied in a multi-associated silvopastoral system, in the dairy 066 of the Livestock Genetic Firm of Matanzas, with the objective of evaluating the influence of the body condition of the heifers at parturition on the postpartum reproductive performance. The area of the unit is 47 ha, of which 42 ha were dedicated to grazing, divided into 37 paddocks, and the other 5 were used for forage production from sugarcane. The stocking rate was 1,7 cows/ha. The body condition (BC) of the heifers at parturition was monitored, the live weight of the animals was estimated, the feeding balance for the nine months-pregnant cows was calculated and the reproductive indicators were determined. A slight energy deficiency of 5% was found only in the dry season, while there was excess of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in both seasons. The BC of the heifers at parturition was above 3 in all the two-month periods of the year, with the highest values in July-August (3,5) and the lowest in May-June (3,1); besides, in both seasons the average BC of the animals was similar (3,3). The weight of the calves at birth did not show differences for the different
Epidemiology of Oxytocin Administration in Out-of-Hospital Births Attended by Paramedics

Abstract Aim Primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a life-threatening obstetric emergency that can be mitigated through the administration of a uterotonic to actively manage the third stage of labor. This study describes the prehospital administration of oxytocin by paramedics following attendance of out-of-hospital (OOH) births. Methods A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all OOH births between the 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2018 attended by the Queensland Ambulance Service. The demographic and epidemiological characteristics of patients that were administered oxytocin and the occurrence of adverse side effects were described. Results In total, 350 OOH births were included in this study with the majority involving multigravidas women (94.3%) and all but two involving singleton pregnancies. Oxytocin was administered following 222 births (63.4%), while 67 patients (19.1%) declined administration preferring a physiological third stage of labor, and in 61 cases (17.4%) oxytocin was withheld by the attending paramedic. There were no documented adverse events or side effects following administration. Oxytocin administration occurred on average 14 minutes (interquartile range 9-25) following the time of birth. The median time from oxytocin administration to placenta delivery was 10 minutes (interquartile range 5-22). Conclusion Oxytocin is well accepted and safe treatment adjunct for the management of the third stage of labor in OOH births and should be considered for routine practice by other emergency medical services.
Multi-gene genealogies reveal cryptic species Beauveria rudraprayagi sp. nov. from India

Beauveria is an insect-associated fungal genus and it represents a monophyletic lineage within the Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes). Beauveria species are economically important as mycoinsecticides and a good source of secondary metabolites. In this study, we employed the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition criterion to resolve the evolutionary relationships of 125 Beauveria and Beauveria-like isolates from India. In ITS-based phylogenetic analysis, 111 fungal isolates clustered within Beauveria clade (Cordycipitaceae), while 14 Beauveria-like isolates showed phylogenetic affinities with Isaria (Cordycipitaceae) and Tolypocladium (Clavicipitaceae) clades. In a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis involving the partial Bloc, EF1α, RPB1 and RPB2 gene sequence-data, a novel Beauveria lineage was recovered that has been described here as Beauveria rudraprayagi sp. nov. This is the first study from India on the molecular taxonomy of Beauveria using GCPSR criterion.
Default and naive diversification heuristics in annuity choice

Retirement income stream products are difficult for consumers to choose because of their high perceived risk, irreversibility, high expenditure, little opportunity for social learning and distant consequences. Prior literature is unclear about consumers’ use of heuristics in decumulation decisions or whether sociodemographics can help identify vulnerable consumers. In the context of Australia’s retirement income arrangements, we examine choices of life annuities and phased withdrawal products, and identify use of default options and the diversification (1/n or 50:50) heuristic using a novel finite mixture modelling approach. The innovative feature of this approach is that it captures the very specific allocation pattern associated with choices based on deterministic decision rules, namely pronounced spikes at the locations of the particular heuristics with little mass in their surroundings. We show that more than 30% of decumulation choices rely on these two heuristics, and that cognitive and product knowledge limitations contribute to using such heuristics. The results have implications for public policy on decumulation of retirement savings, regulation of product disclosures and providers of annuity and phased withdrawal products. More generally, our model has the potential to provide better understanding of the use of heuristics in consumer decisions.
Bioefficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract: seed germination and growth of seedling of falcata (Paraserianthes falcataria).

This study explores the potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) in seed germination and growth of seedlings of Paraserianthes falcataria. Seed priming was done by soaking the seeds in hot water for 1 minute and in different dilutions of the MLE extracts in distilled water (MLE 1:10, MLE 1:20, MLE 1:30, MLE 1:40, MLE 1:50) for 24 hours. In the application of foliar fertilizer, MLE was prepared by dilutions with distilled water (MLE 1:1, MLE 1:3, MLE 1:5) applied to a 3-day old P. falcataria germinants and evaluated after 45 days. The experimental set up was laid-out in a complete randomized design with 30 experimental samples replicated 3 times. In the seed germination test, hot water treatment and seed priming treatment with dilutions of MLE 1:40 and ANAA (commercial growth hormone) were more effective methods to improve final germination percentage (FGP) to synchronize early germination. All seed priming treatments (MLE 1:10, MLE 1:20, MLE 1:30, MLE 1:40, MLE 1:50 and ANAA) and hot water treatment of P. falcataria seeds were more effective compared with control in all parameters except for time until 50% germination (T50) and germination energy period (GEP). Treatments MLE 1:40, hot water and ANAA were among the most efficient treatments that would improve the germination attributes of P. falcataria seeds. The application of MLE, commercial foliar fertilizer (Grow More) and control have the same effect on the growth vigor of P. falcataria seedlings as exhibited by the root collar diameter, height, root-shoot ratio, fresh shoot weight, oven-dry shoot weight, total fresh weight, total oven-dry weight and moisture content. However, it reveals that root nodule count and fresh root weight were significantly different from the control (p < 0.05) but the oven-dry root weight was found to be not significantly different from the control (p > 0.05). The MLE possess potential as seed priming treatment but as an organic fertilizer more in-depth study is needed.
Analysis of costs and benefits of Asian longhorned beetle eradication in Italy

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is one of the mostharmful invasive species in Europe and North America, causing enormous economic damage to broadleavedtrees growing in urban parks and gardens. As a quarantine species, everywhere it has been introduced ALB hasled to the application of expensive eradication programmes often associated with additional indirect costs dueto the loss of ornamental value connected with the presence of trees in urban areas. The aims of this article aretoquantifytheimpactofALBintermsoftreemortalityandtheirornamentalvalueduringtheﬁrstyeareradicationofaninfestationinNorthernItaly,andtoperformaneconomicassessmentoftheeradicationprogrammevsin-action. Duringtheﬁrstyearoferadication367ALBinfestedtreeswereremovedfromtheinfestationareaatatotalcostofaboutE48000,comprisingscientiﬁcadvice(21percent),treesurvey(38percent)andplantremoval(41percent). Theornamentalvalue oftheinfested treeswas assessedataboutE850pertree.TheALB eradicationpro-grammeallowedareductionof52percentofthedamageexpectedinthefollowingyear,correspondingtoanor-namentalvalueofaboutE300000.Theornamentalvalueofthesavedtreeswas6timeshigherthanthecostsfor their protection.
Role of Fcγ Receptors in Glomerulonephritis

Many forms of glomerulonephritis involve immune complex localization in the kidney. Fcγ receptors (FcγR) expressed on the surface of leukocytes bind the Fc (constant) portion of IgG. They link immune complex deposition to innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, cytokine release, formation of reactive oxygen species, and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Activator and inhibitor FcγR co-exist on the surface of cells and set thresholds for immune responses. Inhibitor FcγR also have a specific role in the maintenance of B cell tolerance. Studies of gene-targeted mice lacking specific FcγR have demonstrated that animals lacking activator FcγR on circulating leukocytes were protected from immune complex induced glomerular injury, both in models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease. In contrast, mice lacking inhibitor FcγR developed SLE-like auto-immunity on certain genetic backgrounds and were more susceptible to anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, with evidence of enhanced immune responses and dysregulated effector cells. There is also evidence for FcγR dysfunction in human SLE and for an association of ‘low-binding’ polymorphisms of FcγR with SLE. In the future, therapeutic possibilities may exist for the manipulation of the FcγR pathway in the treatment of glomerulonephritis.
THE FUNCTION OF PHYTOCHROME IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT—I. CHARACTERIZATION OF DAYLIGHT FOR STUDIES IN PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS AND PHOTOPERIODISM

Abstract— The daily changes in spectral energy distribution of natural daylight, with special reference to the red and far‐red wayelength bands, are outlined. The effects of solar elevation and sky condition are described. The changes in the proportions of red and far‐red radiation in daylight which occur at sunrise and sunset are discussed in relation to the possible function of phytochrome in photoperiodic timing.
Reassortments and Mutations Modulating Virulence and Transmission of Influenza A Virus

textabstractInfluenza A virus is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The influenza A viruses are classified on the basis of antigenic properties of the glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) into 17 HA subtypes (H1-H17) and 10 NA subtypes (N1-N10) [1-3]. These different subtypes of HA and NA are used in influenza A virus nomenclature, to discriminate viruses based on the surface glycoproteins (e.g. H5N1, H3N2). All subtypes with the exception of H17N10 circulate in wild birds, which are considered their natural reservoir [4]. The H17N10 subtype has recently been isolated from bats, raising the possibility that birds are not the exclusive influenza virus reservoir. Influenza A virus is a single-stranded negative-sense segmented RNA virus, with a genome consisting of eight gene segments, that can encode up to 16 proteins [5-9] (Fig 1a).