Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges with using formative and authentic assessment in physical education teaching from experienced teachers’ perspectives

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to identify the challenges of using formative assessment (FA) and authentic assessment (AA) in physical education (PE) teaching, based on some experienced teachers’ perspectives. Semi-structured interviews of four teachers were conducted and analysed. The results show how the teachers operationalised the FA and AA to support student learning. They emphasised that to obtain positive results for teachers and pupils, it is key that the teaching is organised with assessment in mind, and that the assessment is structured. The study concludes that with pedagogic knowledge and a positive attitude to use the FA and AA, it is possible to overcome the drawbacks revealed in the PE assessment literature. Nevertheless, these teachers belonged to communities of practice linked to the FA and AA in PE, which seems to be a key factor to achieve the desired ‘assessment literacy’ needed to initiate those changes in PE.
Expressiveness, decidability, and undecidability of interval temporal logic

Interval Temporal Logics are formalisms particularly suitable to express temporal properties. Unlike standard temporal logics, they use intervals, instead of points, as primitive ontological entities. The most studied propositional interval temporal logic is Halpern and Shoham’s Modal Logic of Time Intervals (HS for short). It features a modal operator for each possible ordering relation between pairs of intervals (the so-called Allen’s relations). HS is very expressive, but its satisfiability problem turns out to be highly undecidable (over most classes of linear orders). The three main contributions of this thesis are the following ones. First, we provide a complete classification of HS fragments with respect to their relative expressive power in the class of all linear orders. Second, we systematically investigate the decidable/undecidable status of the satisfiability problem for a number of previously unclassified HS fragments, showing that, once more, undecidability is the rule and decidability the exception. Pairing the results given here with existing ones, the long-standing goal of obtaining a complete classification of all HS fragments with respect to their satisfiability problem is now almost achieved. Third, we study metric, hybrid, and first-order extensions of Propositional Neighborhood Logic (over natural numbers), a meaningful and well-studied decidable fragment of HS. Le logiche temporali ad intervalli sono formalismi particolarmente adatti ad esprimere proprietà temporali. Diversamente dalle logiche temporali standard, usano gli intervalli, anziché i punti, come entità ontologiche primitive. La logica proposizionale temporale ad intervalli più studiata è la logica modale degli intervalli temporali di Halpern e Shoham (HS in breve). Essa include un operatore modale per ogni possibile relazione d’ordine tra coppie di intervalli (relazioni di Allen). HS è molto espressiva, ma il suo problema della soddisfacibilità è fortemente indecidibile (sulla maggior parte degli ordini lineari). I tre contributi principali di questa tesi sono i seguenti. In primo luogo, forniamo una classificazione completa dei frammenti di HS rispetto al loro potere espressivo nella classe di tutti gli ordini lineari. In secondo luogo, investighiamo sistematicamente lo stato (decidibile/indecidibile) del problema della soddisfacibilità per vari frammenti di HS non ancora classificati, mostrando, ancora una volta, che l’indecidibilità è la regola e la decidibilità l’eccezione. Unendo i risultati dati qui con quelli già esistenti, l’obiettivo (di vecchia data) di ottenere una classificazione completa di tutti i frammenti di HS rispetto al problema della soddisfacibilità è ormai quasi realizzato. In terzo luogo, studiamo estensioni metriche, ibride e al prim’ordine della Logica Proposizionale delle Vicinanze (sui numeri naturali), un frammento decidibile significativo e molto studiato di HS.
Phenolic antioxidants in coconut oil: Factors affecting the quantity and quality. A review

The total phenol content (TPC) in coconut oil varies with extraction method, variety, nature of coconut kernel components and geographical origin. Commonly reported TPCs of coconut oils extracted by dry methods and wet methods are in the range of 70-300 mg/kg and 250-650 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the commonly reported data, the TPC of coconut oil varies by up to 527 mg/kg oil, 180 mg/kg oil, and 172 mg/kg oil due to the influence of the extraction method, coconut variety and the nature of kernel components, respectively. The identity of the phenolic compounds also varies with the extraction method. Caffeic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and syringic acid are present in different quantities in coconut oil when extracted by all methods. However, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, epigallocatechin, gallic acid, vanillic and epicatechin are present only in some coconut oils. Many free phenolic compounds present in olive oil are also present in coconut oil.
The 15O(α,γ)19Ne Reaction Rate and the Stability of Thermonuclear Burning on Accreting Neutron Stars

Neutron stars in close binary star systems often accrete matter from their companion stars. Thermonuclear ignition of the accreted material in the atmosphere of the neutron star leads to a thermonuclear explosion, which is observed as an X-ray burst occurring periodically between hours and days depending on the accretion rate. The ignition conditions are characterized by a sensitive interplay between the accretion rate of the fuel supply and its depletion rate by nuclear burning in the hot CNO cycle and the rp-process. For accretion rates close to stable burning the burst ignition therefore depends critically on the hot CNO breakout reaction 15O(α,γ)19Ne that regulates the flow between the hot CNO cycle and the rapid proton capture process. Until recently, the 15O(α,γ)19Ne reaction rate was not known experimentally and the theoretical estimates carried significant uncertainties. In this paper we perform a parameter study of the uncertainty of this reaction rate and determine the astrophysical consequences of the first measurement of this reaction rate. Our results corroborate earlier predictions and show that theoretically burning remains unstable up to accretion rates near the Eddington limit, in contrast to astronomical observations.
Assessment of Using Field‐Aligned Currents to Drive the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model: A Case Study for the 2013 St Patrick’s Day Geomagnetic Storm

In this study, field‐aligned currents (FACs) obtained from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment data set have been used to specify the high‐latitude electric potential in the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM). The advantages and challenges of the FAC‐driven simulation are investigated based on a series of numerical experiments and data‐model comparisons for the 2013 St Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm. It is found that the cross‐track ion drift measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites can be well reproduced in the FAC‐driven simulation when the electron precipitation pattern obtained from Assimilative Mapping of Ionospheric Electrodynamics (AMIE) technique is used in GITM. It is also found that including the neutral wind dynamo properly is very important when using FACs to derive the high‐latitude electric field. Without the neutral wind dynamo, the cross‐polar‐cap potential and hemispheric integrated Joule heating could be underestimated by more than 20%. Moreover, the FAC‐driven simulation is able to well reproduce the ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm in the American sector. However, the FAC‐driven simulation yields relatively larger data‐model discrepancies compared to the AMIE‐driven GITM simulation. This may result from inaccurate Joule heating estimations in the FAC‐driven simulation caused by the inconsistency between the FAC and electron precipitation patterns. This study indicates that the FAC‐driven technique could be a useful tool for studying the coupled ionosphere and thermosphere system provided that the FACs and electron precipitation patterns can be accurately specified.
Enemy-Risk Effects in Parasitoid-Exposed Diamondback Moth Larvae: Potential Mediation of the Interaction by Host Plants

Simple Summary While consumption by predators directly reduces prey populations, some studies have shown that even the mere threat of predation can negatively impact the health and fitness of prey. This is referred to as the enemy-risk effect. We investigated enemy-risk effects in caterpillars (larval stage of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella) feeding on two different host plants in the presence and absence of the parasitoid wasp, Diadegma insulare. We found that the threat of attack can slow down caterpillar development and produce smaller adult moths. These physiological changes coincided with a change in caterpillar behavior to feed on older foliage, and the host plant species appeared to influence the severity of the enemy-risk effects. Abstract Enemy-risk effects (i.e., non-consumptive effects) describe the non-lethal fitness costs incurred by animals when they perceive a risk of predation. These effects can result from fear-associated changes in behavior and physiology. Diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella) are known to violently wriggle backwards and drop from their host plants, usually suspending themselves with a silk thread, when threatened by predators and parasitoids. Here, we investigated the developmental costs associated with this behavior when larvae were exposed to its specialist parasitoid wasp (Diadegma insulare). Additionally, the structural and chemical properties of plants are well-known to influence predation and parasitism rates of herbivorous insects. Yet, few studies have examined the influence of plants on enemy-risk effects. Therefore, we examined the developmental costs associated with parasitism risk on two host plants. Diamondback moth larvae were placed on either cabbage or Virginia pepperweed plants and exposed to gravid parasitoids with truncated ovipositors, which prevented piercing of the host cuticle without affecting host searching and attacking behaviors. On Virginia pepperweed, risk of parasitism resulted in reduced larval weight gain, longer development time, and smaller adult size compared to larvae that were not exposed to parasitoids. However, on cabbage, parasitoid exposure prolonged development time but had no significant effects on larval weight gain and adult size. On both plants, parasitoid-exposed larvae were found feeding on older foliage than younger foliage. Our findings demonstrate that the enemy-escape behavior of diamondback moths has developmental costs and that plants may mediate the intensity of these enemy-risk effects.
Bio-Nanocomposite Based on Edible Gelatin Film as Active Packaging from Clarias gariepinus Fish Skin with the Addition of Cellulose Nanocrystalline and Nanopropolis

This study develops bio-nano composite gelatin-based edible film (NEF) by combining nanogelatin, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and nanopropolis (NP) fillers to improve the resulting film characteristics. The NEF was characterized in terms of thickness, swelling, pH, water content, solubility, vapor and oxygen permeability, mechanical properties, heat resistance, morphology, transparency, and color. The results showed that the thickness and swelling increased significantly, whilst the pH did not significantly differ in each treatment. The water content and the water solubility also showed no significant changes with loadings of both fillers. At the same time, vapor and oxygen permeability decreased with addition of the fillers but were not significantly affected by the loading amounts. The heat resistance properties increased with the filler addition. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased for the films loaded with >3% CNC. The elongation at break showed a significant difference together with transparency and color change. The greater the CNC concentration and NP loading were, the darker the resulting transparency and the color of the NEF. Overall results show a considerable improvement in the properties of the resulting NEFs with the incorporation of CNC and NP fillers.
EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL RESOURCE BASED VIEW FOR NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN PAKISTAN’S MANUFACTURING SECTOR

This study examines the elements that influence the internal resource based view of manufacturing enterprises in Pakistan, which is in line with the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 12. The resources revealed in this study can be used as success factors in the development of new goods. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from a sample of 318 male and female employees working in the new product development process (NPDP) in various manufacturing organizations in Pakistan in order to meet the research objectives. A reliability test and an exploratory factor analysis were also used. Exploratory factor analysis yielded the identification of seven internal resources. Seven internal resources are subjected to a reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha, which meets the good reliability analysis criteria. RBV has rarely addressed the subject of resource identification in poor nations like Pakistan in prior studies, therefore this study will be useful for both industrialists and researchers in determining which resources are required for NPDP. In the future, the extracted dimensions of IRBV in this study can be used as independent variables in a theoretical framework, and their influence on the new product development process could be examined. Key Words: Internal Resource Based View, Exploratory Factor Analysis,Reliability Analysis, Manufacturing Sector
Pd@Pt Nanodendrites as Peroxidase Nanomimics for Enhanced Colorimetric ELISA of Cytokines with Femtomolar Sensitivity

Colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been widely applied as the gold-standard method for cytokine detection over decades. However, it has become a critical challenge to further improve the detection sensitivity of ELISA as limited by the catalytic activity of enzymes. Herein, we report an enhanced colorimetric ELISA for ultrasensitive detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6, as a model cytokine for demonstration) using Pd@Pt core@shell nanodendrites (Pd@Pt NDs) as peroxidase nanomimics (named “Pd@Pt ND ELISA”), pushing the sensitivity up to femtomolar level. Specifically, the Pd@Pt NDs are rationally engineered by depositing Pt atoms on Pd nanocubes (NCs) to generate rough dendrite-like Pt skins on the Pd surfaces via Volmer-Weber growth mode. They can be produced on a large scale with highly uniform size, shape, composition, and structure. They exhibit significantly enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity with catalytic constants (Kcat) more than 2000-fold higher than those of horseradish peroxidase (HRP, an enzyme commonly used in ELISA). Using Pd@Pt NDs as the signal labels, the Pd@Pt ND ELISA presents strong colorimetric signals for the quantitative determination of IL-6 with a wide dynamic range of 0.05–100 pg mL-1 and an ultralow detection limit of 0.044 pg mL-1 (1.7 fM). This detection limit is 21-fold lower than that of conventional HRP-based ELISA. The reproducibility and specificity of the Pd@Pt ND ELISA are excellent. More significantly, the Pd@Pt ND ELISA was validated for analyzing IL-6 in human serum samples with high accuracy and reliability through recovery tests. Our results demonstrate that the colorimetric Pd@Pt ND ELISA is a promising biosensing tool for ultrasensitive determination of cytokines and thus is expected to be applied in a variety of clinical diagnoses and fundamental biomedical studies.
The impact of uncertainty communication on emotional arousal and participation intention: the psychophysiological effects of uncertainties on experts

Abstract Research related to uncertainty communication remains contradictory, with some authors providing arguments of why it should be communicated, whereas others arguing that we should not do so. Practically, though, the decision on whether or not to openly communicate uncertainties remains on the level of experts of a certain field. That is why, in this article we analyze the psychophysiological reaction of experts when exposed to uncertainty as well as their willingness to participate in decision-making procedures about nuclear decommissioning (a salient issue, in which many uncertainties prevail) and using a sample of N = 134 participants which are employees of nuclear-related institutions in Belgium (divided in 2 groups: familiar and unfamiliar with decommissioning). By using the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) and Uncertainty Management Theory (UMT), we study for the first time (1) whether communicating uncertainty influences participation intention directly and (2) whether this impact is mediated by emotional arousal. The method consists of an experimental design, combining a survey with psychophysiological measurement of emotional arousal. Results show that participation intention is directly influenced by attitudes toward participation, moral norm and time constraints, whereas familiarity with the topic of decommissioning influences participation intention indirectly, through attitude toward participation. Uncertainty communication, our main variable of interest, does not influence participation intention. It does influence, though, emotional arousal (concerning the public acceptance of the remaining radioactivity resulting from decommissioning), but it does not generate negative feelings such as anger or fear. Given that in the literature there is a debate on whether or not uncertainties should be communicated, the findings of this study imply that the concern that uncertainty communication leads to negative feelings should not be used as a reason not to communicate uncertainty anymore. Further implications and limitations are discussed in the article.
A modified voltage changes ratio (MVCR) for in-vitro volume estimation

Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) is a non-invasive technique for monitoring bladder volume. The EBI approaches global impedance (GI), impedance ratio method (IRM), and voltage change ratio (VCR) have been successfully applied to detect changes in the volume of objects with constant but unknown conductivity. In this work, simulated and in-vitro experiments are used to compare the performance of these methods with respect to a new approach proposed by some authors and called modified VCR (MVCR). Experimental results indicated that GI, VCR, and MVCR indices increase when the volume of the object under study increases. On the other hand, no direct or inverse relationship between IRM and volume was observed. The coefficient of variation, defined as the interquartile range divided by the median of a set of measurements, was lower for MVCR, which indicates that the proposed approach is less sensitive to measurement noise than the other three methods.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent, chemically reacting flows

This dissertation: (i) develops a novel numerical method for DNS/LES of compressible, turbulent reacting flows, (ii) performs several validation simulations, (iii) studies auto–ignition of a hydrogen vortex ring in air and (iv) studies a hydrogen/air turbulent diffusion flame. The numerical method is spatially non-dissipative, implicit and applicable over a range of Mach numbers. The compressible Navier–Stokes equations are rescaled so that the zero Mach number equations are discretely recovered in the limit of zero Mach number. The dependent variables are co–located in space, and thermodynamic variables are staggered from velocity in time. The algorithm discretely conserves kinetic energy in the incompressible, inviscid, non–reacting limit. The chemical source terms are implicit in time to allow for stiff chemical mechanisms. The algorithm is readily applicable to complex chemical mechanisms. Good results are obtained for validation simulations. The algorithm is used to study auto–ignition in laminar vortex rings. A nine species, nineteen reaction mechanism for H2/air combustion proposed by Mueller et al. [37] is used. Diluted H2 at ambient temperature (300 K) is injected into hot air. The simulations study the effect of fuel/air ratio, oxidizer temperature, Lewis number and stroke ratio (ratio of piston stroke length to diameter). Results show that auto–ignition occurs in fuel lean, high
Forces impacting the real estate market environment in shrinking cities: possible drivers of future development

ABSTRACT Urban shrinkage poses significant challenges to Real Estate markets in Shrinking Cities and has multiple negative impacts on society, environment and economy. Although major cities are growing rapidly, a significant volume of building stock and population will endure in shrinking cities in the future. To enhance the resilience of local real estate markets and communities, forces that offer novel possibilities for shrinking cities should be actively studied. This study deepens understanding of the forces affecting the real estate market environments of Shrinking Cities by examining the public discourse and the perceptions of local market participants, both of which steer future market development. To identify and analyse these forces, an environmental scanning method was employed, using as data sources 872 Finnish newspaper articles and 45 interviews with market actors in eight Shrinking Cities in Finland. The results categorise the identified forces under three themes that describe the drivers of future market development. The findings indicate that, although the Real Estate markets of Shrinking Cities face challenges, forces such as telecommuting, multi-local living and emerging industries may offer new opportunities and slow urban shrinkage. The findings may be utilised to steer the development of Shrinking Cities in a more resilient direction.
Effect of Different Molecular Weights of Polyacrylic Acid on Rat Lung Following Intratracheal Instillation

Background: We conducted intratracheal instillations of different molecular weights of polyacrylic acid (PAA) into rats in order to examine what kinds of physicochemical characteristics of acrylic acid-based polymer affect responses in the lung. Methods: F344 rats were intratracheally exposed to a high molecular weight (HMW) of 598 thousand g/mol or a low molecular weight (LMW) of 30.9 thousand g/mol PAA at low and high doses. Rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post exposure. Results: HMW PAA caused persistent increases in neutrophil influx, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants (CINC) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lung tissue from 3 days to 3 months and 6 months following instillation. On the other hand, LMW PAA caused only transient increases in neutrophil influx, CINC in BALF, and HO-1 in the lung tissue from 3 days to up to 1 week or 1 month following instillation. Histopathological findings of the lungs demonstrated that the extensive inflammation and fibrotic changes caused by the HMW PAA was greater than that in exposure to the LMW PAA during the observation period. Conclusion: HMW PAA induced persistence of lung disorder, suggesting that molecular weight is a physicochemical characteristic of PAA-induced lung disorder.