Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of the diacylglycerol composition in the liver 4 and serum of mice with prediabetes and diabetes 5 using MeV TOF-SIMS Diabetes and Clinical Practice

insulin resistance, induced by fat, peripheral leads to prediabetes and diabetes. If insulin resistance is detected earlier, lifestyle changes could prevent or delay disease development. Therefore, we analysed lipids in the liver and serum of prediabetic and diabetic mice by MeV TOF-SIMS with a focus on diacylglycerols (DAGs) as the best predictor of (liver) resistance. Methods: Glucose impairment was spontaneously developed or induced by HFD in NOD/LtJ mice, and prediabetic and diabetic mice were selected according to their glucose levels. MeV TOF-SIMS was applied to image the lipid distribution in the liver and to relatively quantify lipids related to insulin resistance in both the liver and serum. Results: The same lipids were detected in the liver and serum but with different intensities between mice. The intensity of DAGs and fatty acids was higher in the diabetic than that in 44 the prediabetic liver. 45 Imaging of liver tissue showed a more compact density of prediabetic (non-fatty) than 46 diabetic liver with DAG remodelling in diabetes. DAGs, which are greatly increased in dia-47 betic serum, were successfully detected and quantiﬁed already in prediabetes. 48 Conclusion: MeV TOF-SIMS applied to the serum presents an excellent tool for in vivo mon-49 itoring of disease development over time. 50 Elsevier 51 53
Diamond Genesis in the World’s Largest Diamondiferous Eclogite, Part I: X-ray Tomography and Xenolith Dissection

Yang Liu, Lawrence A. Taylor, Amit Basu Sarbadhikari, Richard Ketchum, William Carlson, Alexander Stepanov, Vladislav Shatsky, Nikolai V. Sobolev Planetary Geosciences Institute, Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sci., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 2 Dept. of Geological Sci., Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA 3 Institute of Mineralogy & Petrography, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Detecting Social Innovation agency

Considering that it is important for the social innovation research field to confront its methodological challenges, this contribution addresses the challenge of choosing appropriate units of analysis. In processes of transformative social innovation, the agency is distributed and therefore fundamentally difficult to detect and ascribe. This contribution addresses the challenge to develop methodologies that are consistent with this relational ontology, critically evaluating the three main unit of analysis choices that guided an international comparison of 20 transnational SI networks and their local manifestations. Methodological lessons are drawn on the actors that SI can be ascribed to, on the transnational agency through which it spreads and on the relevant transformation contexts involved. This provides SI research with methodological tools to handle the elusiveness of SI agency, a methodological challenge that becomes particularly pressing in attempts towards systematic comparison of cases.
Cohabitation in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study Of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State Nigeria

Cohabitation in tertiary institutions in Nigeria has continued to attract scholarly attention because of the strong assumption that the phenomenon portents erosion to some of the cultural values highly esteemed in Africa. This study therefore investigates cohabitation among undergraduate students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey research and a total of 250 undergraduates were randomly sampled from the six faculties of the university. The research instrument used for study was a 20 item questionnaire that sought information on reasons for cohabitation among the respondents. The instrument used was adjudged adequate and valid by sociologists and female specialists in women studies. Both frequency and percentage were used to analyse the data collected. Some of the major findings from the study reveal that between 25% and 50% of the university students engage in the act of cohabitation, implying that cohabitation is a menace among the university students. Also, 71.8% of the respondents agreed that cohabitation contributes to high level of moral decadence in the society, thus confirming that cohabitation have negative impact on students‟ moral development and invariably their health and academic development. Based on these findings, it was suggested that the menace could be curbed if parents monitor regularly their wards in school while the university authority should provide adequate hostel accommodation for students who live off campus, and of course proper counseling on marital issues should be provided for the vulnerable undergraduate youths.
THE EFFECT OF SHARE OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON THE RISKS OF EXPROPRIATION IN COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

Researches on the risk of expropriation that have been carried out by researchers have no consistency in the results because of differences in the characteristics of companies in each country. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of share ownership structure on transactions that allow the risk of expropriation of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period of 2010-2014. This research was done by downloading a summary of the financial statements of non-financial companies. Selected samples of 61 non-financial companies listed on the Stock Exchange 2010-2014. Data were analyzed by quantitative approach, i.e. by multiple linear regression using SPSS 21. Simultaneous test results indicated that the structure of share ownership affects the risk of expropriation. Partially, institutional ownership and public ownership had a negative effect on the risk of expropriation and individual ownership had a positive effect on the risk of expropriation. The risk of expropriation carried out by controlling shareholders towards non-controlling shareholders is smaller when ownership of shares by institutions and the public can act as a party that monitors management's performance as a company manager.
Two-fluid coaxial atomization in a high-pressure environment

Abstract We study the dynamics of atomization of a liquid column by a coaxial gas flow with varying gas pressures. Specifically, we analyse how the gas density increase associated with elevated gas pressures in the ambient and co-flowing gas jet influences the liquid destabilization and breakup process, as well as the resulting droplet formation and dispersion. We present new experimental results for a coaxial liquid–gas atomizer operating in a high-pressure environment, with gas–liquid momentum ratio in the range $M = 5\unicode{x2013}56$ and pressurized gas densities $\rho _g/\rho _0 = 1\unicode{x2013}5$, where $\rho _0$ is the ambient gas density at standard conditions. High-speed shadowgraphy images are used to quantify the spatially and temporally varying liquid–gas interface in the spray near-field. Liquid core lengths, spreading angles and other spray metrics are presented, and the influence of gas density is identified from the comparison with atomization at atmospheric conditions. In the spray mid-field, phase Doppler interferometry is used in conjunction with laser Doppler velocimetry to quantify the droplet size and velocities, as well as their radial variations across the spray. Results show an increase in droplet size at elevated ambient pressures, when keeping the gas–liquid momentum ratio constant. Finally, we show that these observations are in line with predictions from the Kelvin–Helmholtz and Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, both of which are relevant to the gas–liquid atomization process.
PM 2 : 5 Concentration and Composition in Subway Systems in the Northeastern United States

O BJECTIVES : The goals of this study were to assess the air quality in subway systems in the northeastern United States and estimate the health risks for transit workers and commuters. M ETHODS : We report real-time and gravimetric PM 2 : 5 concentrations and particle composition from area samples collected in the subways of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; New York City, New York/New Jersey (NYC/NJ); and Washington, District of Columbia. A total of 71 stations across 12 transit lines were monitored during morning and evening rush hours. R ESULTS : We observed variable and high PM 2 : 5 concentrations for on-train and on-platform measurements during morning (from 0600 hours to 1000 hours) and evening (from 1500 hours to 1900 hours) rush hour across cities. Mean real-time PM 2 : 5 concentrations in underground stations were 779±249, 548±207, 341±147, 327±136, and 112±46 : 7 l g = m 3 for the PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia transit systems, respectively. In contrast, the mean real-time ambient PM 2 : 5 concentration taken above ground outside the subway stations of PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia were 20 : 8±9 : 3, 24 : 1±9 : 3, 12 : 01±7 : 8, 10 : 0±2 : 7, and 12 : 6±12 : 6 l g = m 3 , respectively. Stations serviced by the PATH-NYC/NJ system had the highest mean gravimetric PM 2 : 5 concentration, 1,020 l g = m 3 , ever reported for a subway system, including two 1-h gravimetric PM 2 : 5 values of approximately 1,700 l g = m 3 during rush hour at one PATH-NYC/NJ subway station. Iron and total carbon accounted for approximately 80% of the PM 2 : 5 mass ina targeted subsetof systems and stations. D ISCUSSION : Our results document that there is an elevation in the PM 2 : 5 concentrations across subway systems in the major urban centers of Northeastern United States during rush hours. Concentrations in some subway stations suggest that transit workers and commuters may be at increased risk according to U.S. federal environmental and occupational guidelines, depending on duration of exposure. This concern is highest for the PM 2 : 5 concentrations encountered in the PATH-NYC/NJ transit system. Further research is urgently needed to identify the sources of PM 2 : 5 and factors that contribute to high levels in individual stations and lines and to assess their potential health impacts on workers and/or commuters. https://
TOPICAL REVIEW: Rare region effects at classical, quantum and nonequilibrium phase transitions

Rare regions, i.e., rare large spatial disorder fluctuations, can dramatically change the properties of a phase transition in a quenched disordered system. In generic classical equilibrium systems, they lead to an essential singularity, the so-called Griffiths singularity, of the free energy in the vicinity of the phase transition. Stronger effects can be observed at zero-temperature quantum phase transitions, at nonequilibrium phase transitions and in systems with correlated disorder. In some cases, rare regions can actually completely destroy the sharp phase transition by smearing. This topical review presents a unifying framework for rare region effects at weakly disordered classical, quantum and nonequilibrium phase transitions based on the effective dimensionality of the rare regions. Explicit examples include disordered classical Ising and Heisenberg models, insulating and metallic random quantum magnets, and the disordered contact process.
VERSION 1 Radiofrequency ablation combined with conductive fluid-based 2 dopants (saline normal and colloidal gold): Computer modeling 3 and ex vivo experiments

15 Background: The volume of the coagulation zones created during radiofrequency ablation 16 (RFA) is limited by the appearance of roll-off. Doping the tissue with conductive fluids, e.g. 17 gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could enlarge these zones by delaying roll-off. Our goal was to 18 characterize the electrical conductivity of a substrate doped with AuNPs in a computer 19 modeling study and ex vivo experiments to investigate their effect on coagulation zone 20 volumes. 21 Methods: The electrical conductivity of substrates doped with normal saline or AuNPs was 22 assessed experimentally on agar phantoms. The computer models, built and solved on 23 COMSOL Multiphysics, consisted of a cylindrical domain mimicking liver tissue and a 24 spherical domain mimicking a doped zone with 2, 3 and 4 cm diameters. Ex vivo experiments 25 were conducted on bovine liver fragments under three different conditions: 1) non-doped 26 tissue (ND Group), 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl (NaCl Group), and 2 mL of AuNPs 0.1 wt% (AuNPs 27 Group). 28 Results: The theoretical analysis showed that adding normal saline or colloidal gold in 29 concentrations lower than 10% only modifies the electrical conductivity of the doped 30 substrate with practically no change in the thermal characteristics. The computer results 31 showed a relationship between doped zone size and electrode length regarding the created 32 coagulation zone. There was good agreement between the ex vivo and computational results 33 in terms of transverse diameter of the coagulation zone. 34 Conclusions: Both the computer and ex vivo experiments showed that doping with AuNPs 35 can enlarge the coagulation zone, especially the transverse diameter and hence enhance 36 sphericity. 37
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Quantum Field Theory

Quantum field theory offers physicists a tremendously wide range of application; it is both a language with which a vast variety of physical processes can be discussed and also it provides a model for fundamental physics, the so-called ``standard-model,'' which thus far has passed every experimental test. No other framework exists in which one can calculate so many phenomena with such ease and accuracy. Nevertheless, today some physicists have doubts about quantum field theory, and here I want to examine these reservations.
An online algorithm for separating sparse and low-dimensional signal sequences from their sum, and its applications in video processing

In signal processing, “low-rank + sparse” is an important assumption when separating two signals from their sum. Many applications, e.g., video foreground/background separation are wellformulated by this assumption. In this work, with the “low-rank + sparse” assumption, we design and evaluate an online algorithm, called practical recursive projected compressive sensing (pracReProCS) for recovering a time sequence of sparse vectors St and a time sequence of dense vectors Lt from their sum, Mt := St +Lt, when the Lt’s lie in a slowly changing low-dimensional subspace of the full space. In the first part of this work (Chapter 1-5), we study and discuss the prac-ReProCS algorithm, the practical version of the original ReProCS algorithm. We apply prac-ReProCS to a key application – video layering, where the goal is to separate a video sequence into a slowly changing background sequence and a sparse foreground sequence that consists of one or more moving regions/objects on-the-fly. Via experiments we show that prac-ReProCS has significantly better performance compared with other state-of-the-art robust-pca methods when applied to video foreground-background separation. In the second part of this work (Chapter 6), we study the problem of video denoising. We apply prac-ReProCS to video denoising as a preprocessing step. We develop a novel approach to video denoising that is based on the idea that many noisy or corrupted videos can be split into three parts – the “low-rank laye”, the “sparse layer” and a small residual which is small and bounded. We show using extensive experiments, layering-then-denoising is effective, especially for long videos with small-sized images that those corrupted by general large variance noise or by large sparse noise, e.g., salt-and-pepper noise.
Influence of 2D Finite Element Modeling Assumptions on Debonding Prediction For Composite Skin-Stiff

The influence of two-dimensional finite element modeling assumptions on the debonding prediction for skin-stiffener specimens was investigated. Geometrically nonlinear finite element analyses using two-dimensional plane-stress and plane-strain elements as well as three different generalized plane strain type approaches were performed. The computed deflections, skin and flange strains, transverse tensile stresses and energy release rates were compared to results obtained from three-dimensional simulations. The study showed that for strains and energy release rate computations the generalized plane strain assumptions yielded results closest to the full three-dimensional analysis. For computed transverse tensile stresses the plane stress assumption gave the best agreement. Based on this study it is recommended that results from plane stress and plane strain models be used as upper and lower bounds. The results from generalized plane strain models fall between the results obtained from plane stress and plane strain models. Two-dimensional models may also be used to qualitatively evaluate the stress distribution in a ply and the variation of energy release rates and mixed mode ratios with delamination length. For more accurate predictions, however, a three-dimensional analysis is required.
Molecular Characteristics of Travel-Related Extended-Spectrum-(cid:2) -Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from the Calgary Health Region (cid:1)

Extended-spectrum- (cid:1) -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has recently emerged as a major risk factor for community-acquired, travel-related infections in the Calgary Health Region. Molecular character- ization was done on isolates associated with infections in returning travelers using isoelectric focusing, PCR, and sequencing for bla CTX-M s, bla TEM s, bla SHV s , bla OXA s, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance deter- minants. Genetic relatedness was determined with pulsed-ﬁeld gel electrophoresis using XbaI and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 105 residents were identiﬁed; 6/105 (6%) presented with hospital-acquired infections, 9/105 (9%) with health care-associated community-onset infections, and 90/105 (86%) with com-munity-acquired infections. Seventy-seven of 105 (73%) of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were positive for bla CTX-M genes; 55 (58%) produced CTX-M-15, 13 (14%) CTX-M-14, six (6%) CTX-M-24, one (1%) CTX-M-2, one (1%) CTX-M-3, and one (1%) CTX-M-27, while 10 (10%) produced TEM-52, three (3%) TEM-26, 11 (11%) SHV-2, and four (4%) produced SHV-12. Thirty-one (30%) of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were positive for aac(6 (cid:1) )-Ib-cr , and one (1%) was positive for qnrS . The majority of the ESBL-producing isolates ( n (cid:2) 95 [90%]) were recovered from urine samples, and 83 (87%) were resistant to ciproﬂoxacin. The isolation of CTX-M-15 producers belonging to clone ST131 was associated with travel to the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan), Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, while clonally unrelated strains of CTX-M-14 and -24 were associated with travel to Asia. Our study suggested that clone ST131 coproducing CTX-M-15, OXA-1, TEM-1, and AAC(6 (cid:1) )-Ib-cr and clonally unrelated CTX-M-14 producers have emerged as important causes of com-munity-acquired, travel-related infections.
a Source of Lymphotoxin T Cells Are a Major + Naive Human CD4

It is generally accepted that immunologically naive T cells display a very restricted cytokine production proﬁle consisting mainly of IL-2, which is used as an autocrine growth factor. Here we report that activated naive CD4 1 T cells, of neonatal or adult origin, express very high levels of soluble lymphotoxin (LT) a (LT a 3), as determined by ELISA, RNase protection assay, and intracytoplasmic staining. Besides LT a 3 and IL-2, these cells also produce high levels of TNF- a together with signiﬁcant amounts of IFN- g and IL-13. Naive cells also express LT b mRNA and the membrane form of LT a (LT ab ). On average, naive CD4 1 T cells secrete four times more LT a 3 than Th1-like cells, twice more than naive CD8 1 T cells, and ten times more than B cells. Thus, naive T cells express a large spectrum of cytokines, mainly of the Th1 type, and the very high levels of LT a 3/TNF- a that they release may play an hitherto unsuspected role in the early stage of T cell-dependent immune responses. The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 3790–3794.
A comprehensive comparison of circulating tumor cells and breast imaging modalities as screening tools for breast cancer in Chinese women

Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as a sensitive biomarker for breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to comprehensively compare CTC with imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, mammography, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in screening for BC in Chinese women. Methods Three hundred forty-three participants were enrolled in this study, including 102 treatment-naive BC patients, 177 with breast benign diseases (BBD) and 64 healthy female patients. All participants underwent CTC testing and at least one of the following examinations, ultrasonography, mammography, and MRI at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between December 2017 and November 2020. CTCs were quantitatively assessed using cell counting (CTC detection rate/counts) and categorically examined using a cutoff value (CTC classification). The diagnostic power of CTC tests and imaging modalities, including accuracy and capability to predict clinicopathological characteristics of BC, were evaluated and compared. Results CTC classification with a cutoff value of 2 showed a “good” diagnostic accuracy of 0.889 for early- to mid-stage BC comparable to breast imaging modalities using Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). MRI demonstrated the highest sensitivity of 0.872 for BC, and CTC classification had the highest specificity of 0.938. A relatively low sensitivity was found for mammography in this cohort of patients. Successful detection of BC by CTC detection rate/counts, but not CTC classification, correlated with two important clinicopathological features, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. The detection power of certain imaging modalities was also associated with AJCC stage (ultrasonography, p = 0.0438 and MRI, p = 0.0422) and lymph node metastasis (ultrasonography, 0.0157). There were clear correlations between CTC tests (counts or classification) and imaging BI-RADS scoring system in detecting positive BC cases (p < 0.05). Further correlation analysis suggested that CTC quantity, but not CTC classification, had the capability to predict clinicopathological traits of BC that were identified by ultrasonography. Conclusions CTC tests have a diagnostic potency comparable to breast imaging modalities, and may be used as an alternative screening tool for BC.