Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis is coordinately regulated and differs among tomatoes in the red‐fruited clade

The tomato (Solanum spp.) clade of Solanaceae features a unique assortment of cholesterol‐derived steroidal alkaloids. However, little quantitative data exists reporting the profile and concentration of these alkaloids across diverse fruit germplasm. To address the lack of knowledge regarding the chemical diversity, concentration, and genetic architecture controlling tomato steroidal alkaloids, we quantitatively profiled and genotyped two tomato populations representing diversity in the red‐fruited clade. We grew 107 genetically diverse fresh market, processing, landrace, and wild tomato in multiple environments. Nine steroidal alkaloid groups were quantified using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The diversity panel and a biparental population segregating for high alpha‐tomatine were genotyped to identify and validate quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with steroidal alkaloids. Landraces and wild material exhibited higher alkaloid concentrations and more chemical diversity. Average total content of steroidal alkaloids, often dominated by lycoperoside F/G/esculeoside A, ranged from 1.9 to 23.3 mg 100 g−1 fresh wt. across accessions. Landrace and wild cherry accessions distinctly clustered based on elevated concentrations of early or late‐pathway steroidal alkaloids. Significant correlations were observed among alkaloids from the early and late parts of the biosynthetic pathway in a species‐dependent manner. A QTL controlling multiple, early steroidal alkaloid pathway intermediates on chromosome 3 was identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and validated in a backcross population. Overall, tomato steroidal alkaloids are diverse in the red‐fruited clade and their biosynthesis is regulated in a coordinated manner.
Skin cancer, including related pathways and therapy and the role of luteolin derivatives as potential therapeutics

Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the fastest growing and the most aggressive form of skin cancer that is diagnosed. However, its incidence is relatively scarce compared to the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers. The much more common skin cancers include nonmelanoma malignant skin cancers. Moreover, over the past several decades, the frequency of all skin cancers has increased much more dynamically than that of almost any other type of cancer. Among the available therapeutic options for skin cancers, chemotherapy used immediately after the surgical intervention has been an essential element. Unfortunately, the main problem with conventional chemopreventive regimens involves the lack of response to treatment and the associated side effects. Hence, there is a need for much more effective anticancer drugs. Correspondingly, the targeted alternatives have involved phytochemicals, which are safer chemotherapeutic agents and exhibit competitive anticancer activity with high therapeutic efficacy. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in medicinal plants, have been demonstrated to influence the modulation of signaling pathways at each stage of the carcinogenesis process, which is also important in the context of skin cancers. Hence, this review focuses on an exhaustive overview of the therapeutic effects of luteolin and its derivatives in the treatment and prevention of skin cancers. The bioavailability and structure–activity relationships of luteolin derivatives are also discussed. This review is the first such complete account of all of the scientific reports concerning this particular group of natural compounds that target a specific area of neoplastic diseases.
Global contact lens prescribing 2000-2020

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance Contact lens prescribing data serve as a benchmark for eye care clinicians in assessing their own prescribing patterns and provide useful contextual information for researchers and the contact lens industry. Purpose To document global trends in contact lens prescribing during the first two decades of this century. Methods A longitudinal survey of contact lens prescribing was conducted by asking contact lens practitioners to provide 11 items of information from 10 consecutive contact lens fits between January and March each year from 1996 to 2020, inclusive. Results Data relating to 406,859 contact lens fits were collected from 71 countries between 1996 and 2020, generating 4.5 million data points. Demographic analysis for 61 nations returning ≥100 fits demonstrated that a majority of lenses (65–70%) were fitted to females. The average age of lens wearers was 30.8 ± 13.9 years for males and 32.5 ± 14.3 years for females. Trend analysis of 20 countries returning prescribing data for ≥13 years between 2000 and 2020 revealed the following: increase in the age of lens wearers; dramatic rise in the extent of fitting silicone hydrogel and daily disposable lenses; increased fitting of soft toric and multifocal lenses; increasing proportion of rigid lens fits in specialist (non-spherical) designs; incomplete provision of near contact lens corrections for contact lens wearing presbyopes; ongoing low levels of extended wear fits; and almost exclusive use of multi-purpose care systems. Daily disposable lenses were used for both full-time and part-time wear, whereas rigid and soft reusable lenses were primarily worn full time. Conclusions The evolution of international contact lens fitting over the first two decades of this century is documented. The data presented here may assist all stakeholders in advancing contact lens clinical practice, informing contact lens research, and guiding contact lens manufacturers.
Did prioritizing essential workers help to achieve racial/ethnic equity in early COVID‐19 vaccine distribution? The LA pandemic surveillance cohort study

Abstract Background Most US states and counties prioritized essential workers for early access to COVID‐19 vaccines due to their heightened occupational risk. Racial/ethnic groups most impacted by COVID‐19 are overrepresented among essential workers. This study estimates the effects of prioritizing essential workers on racial/ethnic equity in COVID‐19 vaccination. Methods Survey data were collected from 5500 Los Angeles County adult residents in March and April 2021. Multivariate regression models were used to assess marginal changes in probabilities of vaccination attributable to essential worker status by race/ethnicity. These probabilities were multiplied by population proportions of essential workers in each racial/ethnic group to estimate the effects of prioritizing essential workers on vaccine equity in the population. Results While Latinos (24.9%), Blacks (22.4%), and Asians (21.4%) were more likely to be prioritized essential workers than Whites (14.3%), their marginal gains in vaccine uptake due to their essential worker status did not significantly differ from that of Whites. At the population‐level, prioritizing vaccines for essential workers increased the probabilities of vaccination by small and similar amounts among Asians (5.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.3%, 7.5%), Blacks (4.0%; 95% CI: 1.7%, 6.5%), Latinos (3.7%; 95% CI: 2.3%, 5.1%), and Whites (2.9%; 95% CI :1.9%, 3.9%). Conclusions Prioritizing essential workers did not provide proportionally greater early vaccine uptake benefits to racial/ethnic groups that were disproportionately affected by COVID‐19. Early prioritization of essential workers during vaccine campaigns is an important but insufficient strategy for reducing racial/ethnic disparities in early vaccine uptake. Additional strategies addressing access and trust are needed to achieve greater equity in vaccine distribution.
How long does it take for the Occlusion to Re-establish Following the Placement of Restorations at an Increased Occlusal Vertical Dimension? A Literature Review.

PURPOSE This literature review aimed to investigate predictability of re-establishment of the occlusion following placement of restorations at an increased OVD, duration and to assess the quality of the available evidence. METHODS An electronic search of articles using MEDLINE (1946-01/2019), EMBASE (1974-01/2019) and the Cochrane databases was undertaken. Search terms included dental restoration, vertical dimension and time. Studies involving placement of restorations at an increased OVD and recorded the time taken for the occlusion to re-establish were included. Eligibility assessments were carried out independently by two reviewers who also undertook independent extraction of predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. RESULTS The search provided 61 results with 11 being relevant. A further 5 papers were identified for full text analysis. 4 papers used similar data from previous studies and 3 were excluded after full text assessment. A final total of 9 papers were included in the review. It was indicated that the technique of placing restorations at an increased OVD appears to be clinically predictable in terms of re-establishment of occlusion and appears to occur most rapidly in younger patients. CONCLUSION The time taken for the occlusion to re-establish was between 15 days to 24 months. However, there is a need for prospective studies to evaluate the process in terms of success, predictive variables and specifically how long the process takes and this information would be helpful for both clinicians and patients, so that they know what to expect before embarking on a treatment.
Transcription factor CsWRKY40 regulates L-theanine hydrolysis by activating the CsPDX2.1 promoter in tea leaves during withering

Abstract L-Theanine is a crucial secondary metabolite in tea and positively determines the potential quality and health benefits of tea products. Previous work found that the content of L-theanine decreased during the withering process, although the specific mechanism is still unknown. Here, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed based on transcriptome data obtained previously. The key hydrolysis gene CsPDX2.1 in L-theanine metabolism and seven candidate transcription factors were screened out. Among these transcription factors, CsWRKY40 displayed the strongest activation on the CsPDX2.1 promoter (373.18-fold) by binding to the W box element, based on dual luciferase assay and EMSA results. The CsWRKY40 protein was located in the nucleoplasm, whereas CsPDX2.1 was found in both the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. Analysis of withering, water-retention, and water-loss treatments confirmed that water loss from tea leaves was the critical factor that affected ABA and L-theanine contents by activating the expression of CsWRKY40 and CsPDX2.1. Our results provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of L-theanine hydrolysis metabolism.
Evaluating the extent of change in near point of convergence in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant impact on visual system. This study reports the impact of TBI on the near point of convergence (NPC) measure in individuals with mild TBI. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted for studies that quantified NPC changes in mild TBI. The relevant studies were searched using search engines such as PubMed, EMBASE, Medline and Google Scholar. Thirty studies fulfilled the criteria for systematic review while twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis from 444 patients with mild TBI and 881 controls. Results This study showed a large and significant impact of head injury on the clinical measure of NPC in patients with mild TBI with a combined effect size of 0.98(95% CI: 0.67–1.29) and significantly moderate heterogeneity (Q(18) = 60.84,P = . 001,I2 = 72.06%). Moderator analysis and subgroup analysis showed no difference in effect size with age and post-injury period. Conclusions This study demonstrated that NPC is largely affected by the impact of TBI. Given the ease with which it can be measured and without the need of specialists and dedicated equipment, NPC measure might provide a supplementary measure of oculomotor function in addition to less sensitive and more subjective questionnaires and personal reports.
Exercise Prescription Methods and Attitudes in Cardiac Rehabilitation

In a national survey of 246 cardiac rehabilitation program directors about exercise prescription in the United States, we found maximal exercise testing and interval training were uncommon. We also found substantial variability in the methods used to prescribe exercise intensity, many of which were inconsistent with current guidelines. Purpose: High-quality exercise training improves outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), but little is known about how most programs prescribe exercise. Thus, the aim was to describe how current CR programs prescribe exercise. Methods: We conducted a 33-item anonymous survey of CR program directors registered with the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. We assessed the time, mode, and intensity of exercise prescribed, as well as attitudes about maximal exercise testing and exercise prescription. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses were coded and quantitated thematically. Results: Of 1470 program directors, 246 (16.7%) completed the survey. In a typical session of CR, a median of 5, 35, 10, and 5 min was spent on warm-up, aerobic exercise, resistance training, and cooldown, respectively. The primary aerobic modality was the treadmill (55%) or seated dual-action step machine (40%). Maximal exercise testing and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were infrequently reported (17 and 8% of patients, respectively). The most common method to prescribe exercise intensity was ratings of perceived exertion followed by resting heart rate +20-30 bpm, although 55 unique formulas for establishing a target heart rate or range (THRR) were reported. Moreover, variation in exercise prescription between staff members in the same program was reported in 40% of programs. Program directors reported both strongly favorable and unfavorable opinions toward maximal exercise testing, HIIT, and use of THRR. Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation program directors reported generally consistent exercise time and modes, but widely divergent methods and opinions toward prescribing exercise intensity. Our results suggest a need to better study and standardize exercise intensity in CR.
‘You know what, I’m in the trend as well’: understanding the interplay between digital and real-life social influences on the food and activity choices of young adults

Abstract Objective: To understand young adults’ perceptions of online and real-life social influences on their food and activity choices. Design: A qualitative study involving 7 focus groups. Thematic analysis using both deductive and inductive techniques were performed. Setting: A polytechnic and a university in Singapore. Participants: A total of 46 full-time students, 19–24 years of age. Results: Participants revealed that social media meets multiple needs, contributing to its ubiquitous use and facilitating content spread between social networks. Food-related content shared on social media were mostly commercial posts, marketing foods and eateries showcasing price promotions, emphasising sensory properties of foods or creating narratives that activated trends. Subsequently, real-life social activities frequently revolve around marketed foods that were not necessarily healthy. In contrast, physical activity posts were rarely being followed up in real life. Portrayals describing a toxic gym culture could contribute to negative perceptions of peers’ physical activity posts and a disinclination towards sharing such posts. Participants expressed that close, supportive social networks in real life strongly influenced initiating and maintaining healthy lifestyles. However, in a society that highly values academic achievements, participants prioritised studying and socialising over healthy eating and physical activity. Conclusions: Overall, our findings reveal that virtual and real-life social influences have complex interactions affecting Asian young adults’ behavioural choices and should be considered when designing interventions for this group. Regulations related to the digital marketing of unhealthy food, and improving the availability, accessibility and affordability of healthier food options, particularly in the foodservice sector, would be of value to consider.
Analysis of the Correlation Between the Ratio of Monocytes to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and in-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Premature Coronary Heart Disease

Background High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and monocytes are associated with coronary artery disease, and the ratio of monocytes to high-density lipoprotein (MHR) is associated with long-term adverse outcomes and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Currently, the trend of coronary heart disease proned to young people is becoming prominent. However, the relationship between MHR and in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients with premature coronary heart disease (PCHD) has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationship between MHR and ISR in patients with PCHD. Methods We retrospectively included 257 patients (men ≤ 55 years old, women ≤ 65 years old) with PCHD who underwent drug-eluting stent implantation and follow-up coronary angiography at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2016 to September 2019. Patients were divided into ISR and non-ISR groups depending on their follow-up coronary angiography results. Relative clinical information was recorded and analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimum pre-procedural MHR cutoff value to predict ISR. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that MHR, smoking history, and fibrinogen were independent risk factors for ISR in patients with PCHD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of MHR was 0.750 (95% confidence interval, 0.695-0.820; P < .001), the cutoff value was 546.88, and the specificity and sensitivity were 65.2% and 78%, while the AUC of monocytes was 0.631 (95% confidence interval, 0.638-0.794; P < .001), the cutoff value was 590, and the specificity and sensitivity were 77.1% and 60.0%. Conclusion MHR is an independent risk factor for ISR in patients with PCHD and showed a certain predictive value.
Tea plant–legume intercropping simultaneously improves soil fertility and tea quality by changing Bacillus species composition

Abstract The tea plant is an economically important crop in China, but long-term monoculture and substantial chemical nitrogen fertilizer input cause soil acidification, which in turn affects the nutrient supply and tea quality. Intercropping has drawn more attention in tea gardens because this pattern is expected to improve soil fertility and tea quality and change the soil microbial community composition. However, the roles of some key microorganisms in rhizosphere soils have not been well characterized. Here, a “soybean in summer and smooth vetch in winter” strategy was used in a tea garden to investigate the effects of intercropped legumes on soil fertility, tea quality, and potential changes in beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus. Our data showed that when soybeans were turned into the soil, the intercropping system exhibited higher soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), tea quality indices, and expression of the Camellia sinensis glutamine synthetase gene (CsGS). Notably, intercropping significantly affected the bacterial communities, decreasing the relative abundance of Bacillus but increasing its absolute abundance. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BM1 was isolated from intercropped soil and showed outstanding plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties when co-inoculated with rhizobia. In winter, intercropping with smooth vetch had a beneficial effect on soil properties and tea quality. Co-inoculation with strain BM1 and Rhizobium leguminosarum Vic5 on smooth vetch (Vicia villosa) produced huge improvements in SOM, TN, and tea leaf quality, which were accompanied by the highest level of amino acids and the lowest levels of polyphenols and caffeine (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that intercropping with some legumes in the tea garden is a strategy that increases SOM, TN, and tea quality, and the optional use of some PGP Bacillus species produces an amplification effect.
AIRPORT CURBSIDE PLANNING AND DESIGN

A method of estimating airport curbside demand and procedures for adjusting this demand for various service levels and operating conditions are discussed. Data are presented describing the effects of passenger and vehicular activity at the airport curb areas. Operational problems that typically occur at an airport curb are discussed. Factors influencing operational problems at the curb are addressed, as well as a means of determining curb frontage requirements, demands, and relating these to levels of service, based on observations at six major U.S. airports. This approach affords airport planners an opportunity to measure the degree of use of the curbside area and to correlate curbside requirements to the effective length of curb. Volumes of originating and terminating passengers were found to be of prime importance in forecasting demand as contrasted to total enplanements and deplanements. The enforcement level of parking regulations and corresponding vehicle dwell time was found to strongly influence curbside capacity. Design considerations such as roadway and sidewalk widths that affect the efficiency of the curb are presented, and criteria are recommended. (Authors)
Effects of Ginseng on Cancer-Related Fatigue

Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common yet troublesome adverse effect that compromises patient quality of life (QoL). Ginseng is often used to boost energy. Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically appraise evidence whether ginseng could alleviate CRF and improve QoL. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of ginseng for relieving CRF. The primary outcome was fatigue. The secondary outcomes included QoL, anxiety, adverse events, depression, and laboratory markers. Results The final sample comprised seven trials. The pooled results showed that ginseng consumption led to significant reductions in CRF levels (standard mean difference [SMD], −0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.42 to 0.00). Furthermore, improvements in physical well-being (SMD, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.41) and emotional well-being (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.01–0.40) were observed, as were nonsignificant trends toward improvement in vigor (SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.38), mitigated nausea (SMD, 0.38; 95% CI, −0.09 to 0.85), dyspnea (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI, −0.04 to 0.59), and anxiety (mean difference, −0.97; 95% CI, −2.12 to 0.18). Conclusions Ginseng consumption alleviates CRF and may have certain benefits in improving QoL especially physical well-being. Implications for Practice Ginseng may be used as an energy or nutrient supplement to alleviate CRF. However, the concentration of ginseng’s functional components is affected by the production methods and thus probably its effects. Oncology nurses are encouraged to have a better understanding of the benefits and functional limitations of ginseng as an energy or nutrient supplement for CRF.