Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EL COMPLEJO "GALLINA CIEGA" (COLEOPTERA: MELOLONTHIDAE) EN EL CULTIVO DE MAíz, EN EL MADRONAL, MUNICIPIO DE AMATENANGO DEL VALLE, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO

In order to develop a basis for sustainable and integrated pest management of white grubs, we identified the species referred as "white grub complex", present in maize cultivation systems. We determined the damage caused by these grubs in relation to the all stages of development of both the agricultural pest and of the associated crop. The research was carried out in the tzeltal Maya community of El Madronal, in the municipality of Ametenango del Valle, Chiapas, Mexico, in nine irrigated agricultural plots and in two non-irrigated plots throughout the agricultural cycle of 1996-1997. In both systems maize is planted annually, principally as a mono-crop. We determined that the intense damage to the plants' roots during the annual cycle is caused by eight species of the Family Melolonthidae. Six of these species are in the genus Phylfophaga and two in the genus Anomala. The species which caused the greatest damage in the irrigated plots was P. menetriesi (this represent the first register in Mexico of this species as an important agricultural pestl, and for the non-irrigated plots, P. ravida. We also identified other six species with scarabaeiform larvae, but which do not feed the roots of maize. Of these, five belong to the subfamilies Melolonthinae, Dynastinae and Rutelinae. The
Upper echelons theory revisited: The need for a change from causal description to casual explanation

This paper presents a review of the past and present upper echelons research with the intention of drawing attention to the need for a change of direction from causal descriptive studies to causal explanatory studies. Review of the extant literature indicates that many of the organizational researchers have shown greater interest in studying relationships between top management characteristics (in the form of demographics) and organizational outcomes. This has continued despite the effort by Priem, Douglas and Gregory to draw attention to the limitations of demographic proxies of psychographic variables of top management teams and the caution that the role of the entire top management team in strategy development may be over-exaggerated. Since many of the studies failed to show empirically how or why top management demographics related to organizational outcomes, implications for theory and research are discussed. 1. BACKGROUND There is some reason to believe that organizations parallel the profile of the dominant individuals who manage the affairs of the organization and that some organizational pathologies may reflect pathologies in the personality of these dominant individuals. Their perceptions of the corporate environment can be said to determine to a large extent how organizations or business units act in response to their environment. Thus, the organizations are what their leaders think, feel, perceive, and believe. This was the thesis of the seminal paper by Hambrick and Mason (1984), known as the Upper Echelons (UE) perspective.
P. Maheras — Climatologie de la mer Egée et de ses marges continentales

Pagney Pierre. P. Maheras — Climatologie de la mer Egee et de ses marges continentales. In: Mediterranee, troisieme serie, tome 40, 4-1980. Recherches climatiques en regions mediterraneennes, sous la direction de A. Douguedroit. pp. 93-94.
Is pain tolerance in boxers altered by nucleotide polymorphism rs6746030 in the SCN9A gene

Background and Study Aim: In sport, pain plays a pivotal but dual role which is still not fully understood and requires closer cooperation between specialists in the fields of sports medicine, sports science and psychology. The aim of this study was the knowledge about the possible association between rs6746030 (G/A substitution) genotype variants and pain tolerance in boxers. Material and Methods: Ninety-nine boxers completed the cold pressor test (CPT), a standard laboratory technique used to measure pain tolerance and the pain threshold. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at three-time points during the CPT. Three hundred and thirty-two non-athletic subjects served as a control group. Results: Chi-square test analysis showed no significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies between cases and control subjects (p = 0.963 for both genotypes and alleles). Contrary to the results of other studies, the SCN9A rs6746030 genotype did not affect phenotypic variables of pain. Conclusions: Pain seems to be a complex trait. It is likely that several gene loci, each with a small but significant contribution, are responsible for this genetic component. Further large, well-designed studies are necessary to determine its genetic background.
The long term effects of incest : clinicians' perceptions

Clinical intervention for incest's immediate and long-term impact has traditionally been accompanied by disbelief or minimization of victims' disclosures. The present study examined clincians' current perceptions in order to illuminate the effects which increasing public and professional awareness may have had on intervention strategies. Questionnaires were mailed to all clinical psychologists and psychiatrists in Vancouver. Questionnaires were received from 45% of those contacted. The data were analyzed for effects of gender, profession, experience, and training in sexual abuse intervention on perceptions of incest survivors. Clinicians' perceptions of incest case incidence, relationship of incest participants, duration, types of coercion, frequency of effects associated with incest among their cases, assessment, diagnostic and intervention practices were elicited. Gender accounted for the most differences on cross tabulations. Relative to male clinicians, female clinicians more frequently estimated a high incidence of incest cases in their practices; reported seeing more victims during the past year; reported an earlier onset of incest; and endorsed more long-term effects. Relative to male clinicians, female clinicians were more likely to endorse the importance of long-term psychotherapy, skills training and incest group therapy and were less likely to endorse the importance of family therapy.
Growth effects of economic integration. The case of the EU Member States (1950-2000).

Has economic integration improved the postwar growth performance of the actual fifteen member states of the European Union (EU)? To answer this question, we first construct an index of integration for each member state that explicitly accounts for global integration (GATT) as well as regional (European) integration. Using this variable, we test for permanent and temporary growth effects in a dynamic growth accounting framework, both in a time series setting for the (aggregate) EU and a panel approach for the EU member states. Although the hypothesis of permanent growth effects as postulated by endogenous growth models with scale effects is clearly rejected, we find significant levels effects: GDP per capita of the EU would be approximately one fifth lower today, if no integration had taken place since 1950. Interestingly, two third of this effect are due to GATT-liberalization. (author's abstract)
Attention distribution and cognitive load in a subtitled academic lecture: L1 vs. L2

In multilingual classrooms, subtitling can be used to address the language needs of students from different linguistic backgrounds. The way students distribute their visual and cognitive resources during a lecture is important in educational design. Students have to shift their attention between sources of information of varying density and relevance. If there is redundancy between these sources, there will be competition and possible cognitive overload. This paper compares visual attention distribution between subtitles and other sources of information through eye tracking and relates this to academic comprehension and cognitive load as measured through self-report questionnaires and EEG. The study provides promising results for the use of both first and second language subtitles in academic contexts.
Analysis of actuality of Emmenopterys henryi community in Tiantangzhai of Anhui Province

Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. is one of the rare,gymnosperms endemic of China.Its distribution,habitat and community structure in Tiantangzhai of Anhui Province were investigated.The results showed that E.henryi population is a declining one because of its incomplete age structure.The lower richness,diversity and evenness of the community resulted in a tendency of degeneration,hence,protection for this species must be undertaken.
The transfer of belonging : Theories on child fostering in West Africa reviewed

This chapter discusses 'British' and 'French' approaches to the subject of child fosterage and adoption, as well as some new impulses from recent kinship studies. It summarizes and reflects on the already existing debates on the topic. The chapter, by combining key elements of the existing approaches, outlines some aspects of a new theoretic thinking that regards fosterage as a transfer of childrens' belonging that involves the relations between children and different kinds of parents. It also contributes to the creation of a new theoretical framework in studies of child fosterage and discusses some research desiderata and future research questions. The author follows Esther Goody's classification, a typology of different "functions" of fostering, discusses the reasons for and tasks to be achieved by foster relations, and adds literature and case studies that confirm these ideas. Keywords:adoption; child fostering; Esther Goody; French approach; social parenthood; West Africa
Temporary Protection and Technology Adoption: Evidence from the Napoleonic Blockade

This paper uses a natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of temporary trade protection on long-term economic development. I find that regions in the French Empire which became better protected from trade with the British for exogenous reasons during the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) increased capacity in mechanized cotton spinning to a larger extent than regions which remained more exposed to trade. In the long run, regions with exogenously higher spinning capacity had higher activity in mechanized cotton spinning. They also had higher value added per capita in industry up to the second half of the nineteenth century, but not later. (JEL F13, L67, N43, N63, N73)
Site-Specific Issues for Strong Ground Motions during the Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake of 17 August 1999, as Inferred from Array Observations of Microtremors and Aftershocks

Array observations of microtremors and aftershocks were carried out near the permanent strong-motion observation sites and the damaged areas, after the Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake of 17 August 1999. The major objectives were to determine S -wave velocity structures at the sites and to understand the site effects on strong motion or damage. Array observation of microtremors is a useful method for determining the S -wave velocity structures in a sedimentary basin, with less practical restriction than the other geotechnical methods. The spatial autocorrelation method (SPAC) was applied to array data of microtremors for determining S -wave velocity structures. The SPAC method generally provides an equivalent result with that of the frequency-wavenumber method, using fewer array sites and a smaller array size. Most strong-motion sites near the fault are classified into stiff and/or very hard soils. The records cannot directly be used for interpreting damage to buildings in the sedimentary basin. Records of long durations of strong motion at ATS, near Avcilar, west of Istanbul, are closely related to the low velocity ( V s ∼ 200 m/sec) of the surface layers. The S -wave velocity structure at Avcilar, where there was severe damage during the mainshock, is similar to that of the lowland (ATS), and it differs significantly from that of CNA, located 4 km northeast of Avcilar, where the strong-motion record was obtained from the mainshock. The strong ground motion at Avcilar during the mainshock is estimated to be similar to that at ATS. Of the strong-motion sites, Sakarya (SKR) is located on very hard soil, whereas thick and soft sediments cover downtown Adapazari. It is plausible that strong ground motions during the mainshock in the damaged area, ADC, were significantly different from those of SKR. A large difference between the strong motions of a hillside and the lzmit Bay area in and around Golcuk is also indicated by a comparison of aftershock records.
Direct shear tests on reinforced sand

New data are presented from internal measurements in direct shear tests on sand. An interpretation is given for the plane strain angle of friction and the angle of dilation of sand in a direct shear test. The direct shear angle of friction deduced from the conventional analysis is shown to under-estimate the frictional shearing resistance of sand by about 20%. Results are presented from direct shear tests on reinforced samples and these are fitted by a limit equilibrium analysis in which all the parameters are independently measured. Plastic incremental strains cause dilation in dense sand and dominate the deformation with increasing stress ratio. The rate of increase of the reinforcement force in shearing sand is shown to depend on the angle of dilation. The maximum bond angle of friction between sand and the rough surface of reinforcement is also determined by plastic deformation in the sand. A theoretical analysis for the bond is supported by the test results which show that the maximum bond angle of f.
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

(WCST) is the standard task paradigm to detect human frontal lobe dysfunction. In this test, subjects sort card stimuli with respect to one of three possible dimensions (color, form and number). These dimensions are changed intermittently, whereupon subjects are required to identify by trial and error a new correct dimension and flexibly shift cognitive set. We decomposed the cognitive requirements at the time of the dimensional changes of the WCST, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). By explicitly informing subjects of a new correct dimension, the working memory load for the trial-and-error identification of the new dimension was removed. Event-related fMRI still revealed transient activation time-locked to the dimensional changes in areas in the posterior part of the inferior frontal sulci. However, the activation was significantly smaller than in the original WCST in which subjects had to use working memory to identify the new dimension by trial and error. Furthermore, these areas were found to spatially overlap the areas activated by a working memory task. These results suggest that working memory and set-shifting act cooperatively in the same areas of prefrontal cortex to adapt us to changing environments.
Economic impacts of wastewater irrigation in Punjab, Pakistan

Wastewater use has been in practice in many peri-urban areas of Pakistan. Farmers in these areas are owners of small land holdings and wastewater is available to them usually on very cheap rates or even free of cost. Due to the absence of any other cheap and reliable source of water, farmers generally rely on wastewater. But at the same time many negative externalities are also attached with this practice. Due to the contaminations and hazardous material, wastewater not only affects the soil texture and its fertility but also has bad impacts on human health. In a study conducted in the Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2009, an analysis of two situations i.e. wastewater use area and fresh water use area was carried out by using multiple economic criteria. The data on production cost and output value for four major crops i.e. wheat, berseem, sorghum and maize were collected from Chak No. 570/JB as wastewater use area and Chak No. 219/RB as fresh water use area. The results revealed that wastewater use has higher benefit-cost ratio in study area irrespective of the negative externalities like health risk, associated with it. Net benefit from crop production per rupee invested for wastewater irrigation returned Rs. 5.56 on an average as compared to Rs. 2.20 for fresh water irrigation. But average days of illness in wastewater area were 11.44 days per person per annum as compared to 8.04 days in fresh water area.
STATUS SURVEY OF THE MALABAR PIED HORNBILL IN THE DANDELI REGION, NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS, INDIA

The Malabar Pied Hornbill, Anthracoceros coronatus, is a near threatened species, endemic to the tropical deciduous forests of central and southern India and Sri Lanka. The Dandeli region in Karnataka (India) is believed to be the last stronghold of this species in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Being a rapidly developing area with a growing human population, the threats to this species and their habitat are mounting, especially due to a large number of hydroelectric projects and habitat fragmentation caused by paper and plywood industries. This study evaluated the change in population status of the Malabar Pied Hornbill over a 23 year period and defi ned priorities for the long term conservation and monitoring of hornbills in Dandeli. Encounter rates of hornbills were also analysed in relation to the density and species richness of trees and fruiting trees, basal area, canopy cover and distance from river. Hornbill encounters were not signifi cantly different compared to the earlier study carried out by Reddy in 1988, but were signifi cantly different across the fi ve sites in the current study. Higher numbers of hornbills were encountered closer to the river, but these results were only marginally signifi cant. The mean numbers of hornbills recorded at the two roost sites identifi ed in Dandeli were 26 ± 4.47 (n=16 counts) and 31.78 ± 3.53 (n=14 counts) respectively. The study also helped build local awareness about the species, train local Forest Department staff in monitoring hornbills and develop a management plan for its conservation. This paper was presented at the 5 th International Hornbill Conference jointly organised by the National Parks Board (Singapore) and the Hornbill Research Foundation (Thailand), in Singapore on 22 nd -25 th March 2009.
The Effect of Soaked Cassava Peels on Weanling Rabbits

The effects of using milled sun-dried cassava peels soaked in water to substitute maize in the diet of mixed breed (Californian x Dutch) weanling rabbits averaging 831 g in body weight were examined in an 8 - week experiment. One of four portions of fresh cassava peels was sun-dried immediately after collection while one of each of the remaining 3 was soaked in basin of water for 1, 3, and 5 hrs before sun-drying. Each portion of the milled peels replaced maize in control diet (MD) at 20% level to give diets UD, S1D, S3D and S5D, respectively. Soaking of peels stimulated a progressive reduction in HCN from 24 to 10.33 mg/kg CPM. Daily BWG, feed intake, FCR and water intake per rabbit were not significantly affected (p >0.05) by water-soaking cassava peels. Dressing percentage and relative weights of heart, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine and caecum were also not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatments. The performance of the S1D fed rabbit was comparatively better than for the control group, while in terms of economics of production all the cassava peel meal diets proved to be more cost effective than the maize-based diet. Cassava peel meal based diets were more cost effective than the control diet. The Journal of Food Technology in Africa Volume 7 No.1, 2002, pp. 12-15 KEY WORDS: Rabbits, water-soaked cassava peels, performance, carcass quality.
The coincidence of daily rainfall events in Liberia, Costa Rica and tropical cyclones in the Caribbean basin

The occurrence of tropical cyclones in the Caribbean and North Atlantic basins has been previously noted to have a significant effect both upon individual hydro‐climatological events as well as on the quantity of annual precipitation experienced along the Pacific flank of Central America. A methodology for examining the so‐called ‘indirect effects’ of tropical cyclones (i.e. those effects resulting from a tropical cyclone at a considerable distance from the area of interest) on a daily rainfall record is established, which uses a variant of contingency table analysis. The method is tested using a single station on the Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Employing daily precipitation records from Liberia, north‐western Costa Rica (1964–1995), and historic storm tracks of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic, it is determined that precipitation falling in coincidence with the passage of tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes accounts for approximately 15% of average annual precipitation. The greatest effects are associated with storms passing within 1300 km of the precipitation station, and are most apparent in the increased frequency of daily rainfall totals in the range of 40–60 mm, rather than in the largest daily totals. The complexity and nonstationarity of factors affecting precipitation in this region are reflected in the decline in the number of tropical cyclones and their significance to annual precipitation totals after 1980, simultaneous to an increase in annual precipitation totals. The methodology employed in this study is shown to be a useful tool in illuminating the indirect effects of tropical cyclones in the region, with the potential for application in other areas. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
8. MODEL, STABLE ISOTOPE, AND RADIOTRACER CHARACTERIZATION OF ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION IN GAS HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS OF THE BLAKE RIDGE 1

Anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) was characterized in sediment cores from the Blake Ridge collected during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 164. Three independent lines of evidence support the occurrence and scale of AMO at Sites 994 and 995. First, concentration depth profiles of methane from Hole 995B exhibit a region of upward concavity suggestive of methane consumption. Diagenetic modeling of the concentration profile indicates a 1.85-m-thick zone of AMO centered at 21.22 mbsf, with a peak rate of 12.4 nM·d–1. Second, subsurface maxima in tracer-based sulfate reduction rates from Holes 994B and 995B were observed at depths that coincide with the model-predicted AMO zone. The subsurface zone of sulfate reduction was 2 m thick and had a depth integrated rate that compared favorably to that of AMO (1.3 vs. 1.1 nmol·cm–2·d–1, respectively). These features suggest close coupling of AMO and sulfate reduction in the Blake Ridge sediments. Third, measured δ13CH 4 values are lightest at the point of peak model-predicted methane oxidation and become increasingly 13C-enriched with decreasing sediment depth, consistent with kinetic isotope fractionation during bacterially mediated methane oxidation. The isotopic data predict a somewhat (60 cm) shallower maximum depth of methane oxidation than do the model and sulfate reduction data.