Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interesteriﬁed fats: What are they and why are they used? A brieﬁng report from the Roundtable on Interesteriﬁed Fats in Foods

Interesteriﬁcation rearranges the position of fatty acids within triacylglycerols, the main component of dietary fat, altering physical properties such as the melting point and providing suitable functionality for use in a range of food applications. Interesteriﬁed (IE) fats are one of a number of alternatives which have been adopted to reformulate products to remove fats containing trans fatty acids generated during partial hydrogenation, which are known to be detrimental to cardiovascular health. The use of IE fats can also reduce the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content of the ﬁnal product ( e.g . up to 20% in spreads), while maintaining suitable physical properties ( e.g . melt proﬁle). A novel analysis was presented during the roundtable which combined data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2012/2013 – 2013/2014) with expert industry knowledge of the IE fats typically used in food products, to provide the ﬁrst known estimate of population intakes of IE fats among UK children effect of IE fats on cardiovascular disease risk. However, these studies did not use the type of IE fats present in the food supply. This issue has been addressed in two studies by King’s College London, which measured the postprandial response to a commercially relevant palm stearin/palm kernel (80:20) IE ‘hard stock’, although again no consistent effects of the IE fat on markers of lipid metabolism were found. Another study is currently investigating the same IE hard stock, consumed as a fat spread (blended with vegetable oil), and will measure a broader range of postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors. However, further long-term trials using commercially relevant IE fats are needed. Subsequent to the roundtable, a consumer survey of UK adults ( n = 2062; aged 18 + years) suggested that there is confusion about the health effects of dietary fats/fatty acids, including trans fats and partially hydrogenated fats. This may indicate that providing evidence-based information to the public on dietary fats and health could be helpful, including the reformulation efforts of food producers and retailers to improve the fatty acid proﬁle of some commonly consumed foods.
Rating of Physics Laboratory Resources Management in Tertiary Institutions: Implications for Teaching and Learning STEM Subjects

Physics, a major branch of science, requires adequate implementation of its theoretical and practical components. The critical role of the laboratory in realizing this goal cannot be overemphasized hence, the need for proper management of laboratory resources. This study investigated the rating of physics laboratory resources management in tertiary institutions and its implications for STEM subjects using students' voices. The investigation adopted a descriptive-survey research design which comprised 596 students taking physics-related courses in six tertiary institutions in Ondo State. A questionnaire with 19 item statements was designed titled ‘Questionnaire on Physics Laboratory Resources Management’ (QPLRM) and used to collect data for this study. The data collected were analysed using mean scores and ranking. Inadequate funding to carry out managerial plans and lackadaisical attitude on the part of lecturers were rated highest to have hindered the proper management of physics laboratory resources for improving STEM subjects. The study concludes that adequate funding and improved positive attitude on the part of lecturers and support staff are important to guarantee proper teaching of STEM subjects. The study recommends that the government, through its agencies, should provide more funds for the adequate implementation of STEM subjects.
On repeatable measurements when testing dependable systems: a discussion and experiences

The scientific literature and the industrial practice agree since several years on the fundamental role of experimental evaluation (testing) in the assessment of the dependability attributes in critical systems. This paper analyzes the key issue of achieving repeatable measurements in such systems, which is a major milestone albeit often difficult to achieve if not to approach appropriately. To improve the repeatability of the experiments and consequently improve our confidence in the results, this paper presents the support of metrological assessment of instruments and results when testing critical systems. The paper identifies the current status of the research and existing gaps, and presents three case studies developed by the authors where measurement theory is applied to aim to trustworthy, repeatable experiments.
PRBM_A_256551 631..640

Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic is a World Health Organization day-to-day work and has a significant crisis on the physical and mental health of humans. However, little is known about the mental health crisis of the pandemic in Sub-Saharan countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of psychological problems and associated factors among communities living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 10 to 30, 2020. Data were collected from 420 respondents selected using a consecutive sampling technique. An online self-administered and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21) survey during the initial phase of the pandemic was conducted to assess the presence of psychological problems for the last two weeks in response to the infection. Results: The magnitude of the psychological problem from moderate to severe levels was 66.4%. The predictor variables of the outcome were female gender, above the secondary level of education, monthly income below 3000 ETB, and more than three family size at 95% CI, P<0.05. Conclusion: At the time of the initial COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia, nearly two-thirds of the respondents reported moderate to severe levels of psychological problems. Therefore, working on those identified factors would be vital to promote the mental resilience of a community towards the pandemic.
Rheumatology 2002;41:350–351 The relationship between soft tissue swelling, joint space narrowing and erosive damage in hand X-rays of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

SIR, We have read with interest the article of Kirwan et al. [1]. As part of a double-blind study comparing 7.5 mg prednisoloneuday with placebo in addition to DMARD treatment, the authors investigated the relationship between joint swelling as measured clinically and radiographically and (i) joint erosions as measured with the Larsen score [2] and (ii) joint space narrowing (JSN) in a way very similar to that originally 350 Letters to the Editor
S1742170520000095jra 234..244

Exclusion netting systems are effective in various contexts and are increasingly used to control crop pests. However, factors affecting pollination management under nets are poorly known. The pollination effectiveness of commercial bumble bee hives of Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was studied for apple production under exclusion netting systems in a research orchard located in Quebec, Canada during 2016–2017. Sixteen single-row plots of apple trees (plot length: 18.5 m, cultivar GingerGold) were subjected to one of the following four treatments during bloom: (1) introduction of a bumble bee hive placed at the end of the row, under nets; (2) introduction of a bumble bee hive placed in the middle of the row, under nets; (3) negative control with no pollinators, under nets and (4) agronomic control with nearby bee hives (<50 m), without nets. Resulting post-harvest fruit quality (e.g., fruit weight, size, number and distribution of seeds) was evaluated, as well as correlations between bumble bee visitation rates and fruit quality parameters were evaluated. Results suggest that bumble bees provided adequate pollination under exclusion netting systems and that resulting fruit quality was equivalent to that of apple fruit conventionally pollinated by honey bees and wild bees community (bumble bees and other bees) in the orchard environment. Positioning bumble bee hives in the middle of the row provided better fruit load homogeneity in pollinated trees. Additional discussion on bumble bees as apple pollinators and on pollen distribution methods is also included.
Focusing Cannot Enhance Resolution or Speed Limit of a GC Column

Two papers by Phillips and Jain (1,2) on the subject of moving focusing in gas chromatography (GC)—a nearly half-century-old subject of exaggerated expectations—appeared in volume 33 (1995) of the Journal of Chromatographic Science. Without providing the evidence in support of their point of view, the authors disputed earlier established facts, adding more to the confusion. Particularly, they directly disputed one of my earlier conclusions (3,4). After careful study of both papers (1,2), I decided to write a few remarks with the hope that an open debate exposing positive and negative sides of the moving focusing can help your readers to form their own opinion about the technique.
Practical Implications of Theoretical Results for Causal Mediation Analysis

Mediation analysis has been extensively applied in psychological and other social science research. Recently, a number of methodologists have developed a formal theoretical framework for mediation analysis from a modern causal inference perspective. In Imai et al. (2010a), we have offered one such approach to causal mediation analysis that formalizes identiﬁcation, estimation, and sensitivity analysis in a single framework. This approach has been used by a number of substantive researchers and in subsequent work we have also further extended it to more complex settings and developed new research designs. In an insightful article, Pearl (2013) proposes an alternative approach that are based on a set of assumptions weaker than ours. In this commentary, we demonstrate that the theoretical differences between our identiﬁcation assumptions and his alternative conditions are likely to be of little practical relevance in the substantive research settings faced by most psychologists and other social scientists. We also show that our proposed estimation algorithms can be easily applied in the situations discussed in Pearl (2013). The methods discussed in this commentary and many more are implemented via open-source software mediation (Tingley et al., 2013).
Evaluation of the performance of rubber-modified bitumen

The paper discusses the effect of the amount and particle size of rubber on the properties of rubber-modified bitumen. Therefore, rubber-modified bitumen with rubber contents of 10, 15 and 20 % and a variation of the particle size from small (0.4 mm) to middle (0.8 mm) and up to big (1.0 mm) were prepared in laboratory by using a paving bitumen 50/70 as reference bitumen. Additionally, a polymer-modified bitumen (PmB 25/55-55), which is commonly used in asphalt wearing and binder courses, was involved in the investigations to verify the modification states. Different laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of the selected rubber particles. At first, the impact of the rubber modifications on conventional bitumen tests are presented. Furthermore, DSR tests were conducted to determine performance related bitumen properties. DSR results have also been used to determine the rutting susceptibility. In addition, the binders were rated to their fatigue damage resistance by applying repeated load cycles using the DSR test device as well. Following, the paper gives recommendations in terms of the use of rubber-modified binders for asphalt pavements.
Sero occurence of brucellosis in dogs of Telangana state

The present study was undertaken to know the sero occurence of brucellosis in dogs from Telangana state. A total of 400 (171 North and 229 South Telangana) blood samples were collected from dogs and sera samples subjected to four serological tests namely RBPT, LFA, STAT and ELISA. Out of 400 serum samples from dogs of Telangana state, the prevalence of Brucella was 11 (2.75%), 12 (3.00%), 9 (2.25%) and 13 (3.25%) by RBPT, LFA, STAT and ELISA respectively. The prevalence in dogs in less than 1 year was zero by all the methods, in 1-5 years age group it was 5 (2.92%), 4 (2.34%), 4 (2.25%) and 5 (2.92%) and whereas in above 5 years age it was 6 (3.19%), 8 (4.26%), 5 (2.66%) and 8 (4.26%) by RBPT, LFA, STAT and ELISA respectively. The prevalence in 1-5 years age group of North Telangana was 2.78% by all methods and in above 5 years it was 2 (2.44%), 3 (3.66%), 2 (2.44%) and 3 (3.66%) by RBPT, LFA, STAT and ELISA respectively. The prevalence in 1-5 years from South Telangana was 3 (3.03%), 2 (2.02%), 2 (2.02%) and 3 (3.03%) and in above 5years it was 7 (3.06%), 7 (3.06%), 5 (2.18%) and 8 (3.49%) by RBPT, LFA, STAT and ELISA respectively. Out of 130 male dogs from Telangana state 2 (1.54%), 2 (1.54%), 1 (0.77%) and 2(1.54%) and out of 270 females 9 (3.33%), 10 (3.70%), 8 (2.96%) and 11 (4.07%) were positive by RBPT, LFA, STAT and ELISA respectively.
MEASURING FACULTY PERCEPTION OF PLAGIARISM: A STUDY AMONG ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGES IN SOUTH INDIA

The concept of plagiarism is universally addressed in all scholarly, artistic, and scientific disciplines. Plagiarism is using someone else's work or ideas without attributing proper credit and presenting the work or ideas as your own. It is considered an academic violation, though it is not illegal in a criminal or civil sense. The present study attempted to measure the faculty perception of plagiarism. The aimed to analysis the faculty perception on plagiarism on Exacerbate, Justification for Plagiarism. It is also analysis the factors on Severity and Penalty on plagiarism and Misfitting Items related to plagiarism. The study collected responses from faculty members working in arts and science colleges in south India. It is mentioned that when someone commits plagiarism, the act is against the author of the work. Majorities of respondents are tempted to plagiarize if they have permission from a friend to copy his or her work, plagiarized if they currently have more important obligations or tasks to do and tempted to plagiarize because, even if caught, the punishment will be light.
Spino ﬀ s versus non-spino ﬀ entrepreneurs Exploring post-bubble Japan ’ s entrepreneurial ecosystem

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the role of spinoff entrepreneurs in the post-bubble Japan andultimatelyto facilitate policyreforms thatbene ﬁ t entrepreneurs most inneed of support. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts a survey of Japanese entrepreneurs from 2003 to 2013. Exploiting the survey questions, the authors separate spinoff startups from the non-spinoff startups. Using this data set, this study ﬁ rst performsa logistic regression, followed by a chi-squared independence test between spinoff startupsand ﬁ rmperformance. Findings – This study ﬁ nds that while both human and social capital predict the probability of a ﬁ rm ’ s positive performance,industryexperience was thestrongestpredictorfortheprobability ofperformance. Originality/value – As Garvin (1983) stated, most research on spinoffs are limited to both industry type and location. The theoretical contribution of this study is to broaden the applicability of current entrepreneurship theories by considering industries beyond technological startups. The practical value of this studyis to begin evaluatingpoliciesandtheirinteractioneffect with culturalcontext. has a very high of technical innovation an extraordinarily high of yet it has a low level of entrepreneurial
EFFECT OF BRAND EXTENSION STRATEGY ON CUSTOMERS’ PREFERENCE OF COCA – COLA PRODUCTS IN UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR

This study on the effect of brand extension strategy on customers‘ preference of Coca – Cola products in University of Calabar focused on determining the effect of the elements of brand extension strategy such as perceived quality, perceived fit and customer familiarity on customers‘ preference of Coca – Cola products.The study adopted a survey research design which enabled the administration of structured questionnaire on the 246 respondents within the University of Calabar community who constituted the sample size of this study and were using a purposive non probability sampling technique. The responses obtained through the questionnaire were subjected to statistical analysis using regression analysis, which in turn revealed that extended perceived quality, extended perceived fit as well as customer familiarity all have an effect on customer preference for Coca- Cola products in University of Calabar. Based on the above result, it was concluded that when an organization effectively adopts and implements a branding strategy with special focus on perceived quality, perceived fit and customer familiarity, such a firm is bound to enjoy the preference of its products by consumers because once the view of the customer towards the above considered elements of the branding strategy are favourable, it therefore implies that the customer would, to a large extent, extend such favourable response to the extended products of such an organization. Hence, it was further recommended that Coca- Cola should always ensure that the quality of their drinks remain a paramount consideration within the organization by ensuring that quality test and measures are put in place to help spot deficiencies in the production process. Because once the customer perceives a drink to be of quality, it has been proven that such a customer would always attribute such perceived quality to other variants of the brand.
CALL FOR PAPERS Renal Hemodynamics: Biomolecular Control Mechanisms and Integration of Vascular and Tubular Function Reactive oxygen species participate in acute renal vasoconstrictor responses induced by ETA and ETB receptors

Just A, Whitten CL, Arendshorst WJ. Reactive oxygen species participate in acute renal vasoconstrictor responses induced by ETA and ETB receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294: F719–F728, 2008. First published February 6, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00506. 2007. —Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in renal vasoconstrictor responses to acute and chronic stimulation by angiotensin II and norepinephrine, as well as in long-term effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Little is known about participation of ROS in acute vasoconstriction produced by ET-1. We tested the influence of NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition by apocynin [4 mg kg 1 min , infused into the renal artery (ira)] on ETA and ETB receptor signaling in the renal microcirculation. Both receptors were stimulated by ET-1, ETA receptors by ET-1 during ETB antagonist BQ-788, and ETB by ETB agonist sarafotoxin 6C. ET-1 (1.5 pmol injected ira) reduced renal blood flow (RBF) 17 4%. Apocynin raised baseline RBF ( 10 1%, P 0.001) and attenuated the ET-1 response to 10 2%, i.e., 35 9% inhibition (P 0.05). Apocynin reduced ETA-induced vasoconstriction by 42 12% (P 0.05) and that of ETB stimulation by 50 8% (P 0.001). During nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition (N -nitroL-arginine methyl ester), apocynin blunted ETA-mediated vasoconstriction by 60 8% (P 0.01), whereas its effect on the ETB response (by 87 8%, P 0.001) was even larger without than with NO present (P 0.05). The cell-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol (5 mg kg 1 min 1 ira), which reduces O2 and may elevate H2O2, attenuated ET-1 responses similar to apocynin (by 38 6%, P 0.01). We conclude that ROS, O2 rather than H2O2, contribute substantially to acute renal vasoconstriction elicited by both ETA and ETB receptors and to basal renal vasomotor tone in vivo. This physiological constrictor action of ROS does not depend on scavenging of NO. In contrast, scavenging of O2 by NO seems to be more important during ETB stimulation.
Effect of learning a new language on childrens willingness to communicate

The present study was set up to evaluate to what extent multilingual study groups can be considered homogeneous. A series of interviews were conducted to investigate the metacommunicative awareness of 101 children. We compared children who had learned an additional language in a formal context (abbreviated LLE, i.e. Language Learning Experience) to those who had not (abbreviated nLLE, i.e. without a Language Learning Experience). The primary outcome measure consisted of the reactions to an imaginary situation of communication. The results of the current study suggest that LLE children were more inclined to carry out the exchange than the nLLE children. Studying the same outcome measure, no such difference was identified when comparing monolingual to multilingual children. These findings indicate that with regard to the present tasks, the presence or absence of LLE may be a more relevant factor than mono- or multilingualism.
HIV_A_275314 507..524

Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Abstract: The extensive utilization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has successfully improved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated complications. The incidence of opportunistic infections is decreased by the viral load suppression and the CD4 count promotion. However, metabolic complications, commonly bone demineralization, lipodystrophy, and lactic acidosis, are arising following the adaptation of long-term ART. The events are not drug-specific, but the severity and incidence individually vary depending upon classes of drugs. Such concerning occurrences may lead to discontinuation of current therapy or switching to another regimen with fewer adverse effects. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the common metabolic abnormalities associated with each class of widely used ART in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciFinder, and Web of Science were used for the literature search. A better understanding of ART-associated metabolic adverse effects is helpful in various clinical settings so that therapists may optimize treatments in this population.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE ETHIOPIAN LEATHER INDUSTRY

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a business approach that contributes to sustainable development by delivering economic, social and environmental benefits to all stakeholders. The effect of corporate social responsibilities of a business on their financial performance has been a subject of intense argument and its empirical analysis result shows inconsistent findings. This study aims to examine the effects of CSR and the financial performance of Ethiopian leather industries. A theoretical framework is proposed based on a stakeholder approach by defining five stakeholders (i.e., employee, customer, supplier, community & environment) and taken as the independent variables. This study uses a questionnaire survey for the measurement of CSR and a three consecutive (2014–2016) years’ average return on the asset enables us to measure firms’ financial performance data, analyzed using a multiple regression models. Finally, this study reveals that a statistically significant positive effect of employee CSR, supplier CSR, environment CSR and aggregate CSR on financial performance whereas customer and community CSR factors are negatively related to return on asset.