Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suprachoroidal Injection: A Novel Approach for Targeted Drug Delivery

Treating posterior segment and retinal diseases poses challenges due to the complex structures in the eye that act as robust barriers, limiting medication delivery and bioavailability. This necessitates frequent dosing, typically via eye drops or intravitreal injections, to manage diseases, often leading to side effects with long-term use. Suprachoroidal injection is a novel approach for targeted drug delivery to the posterior segment. The suprachoroidal space is the region between the sclera and the choroid and provides a potential route for minimally invasive medication delivery. Through a more targeted delivery to the posterior segment, this method offers advantages over other routes of administration, such as higher drug concentrations, increased bioavailability, and prolonged duration of action. Additionally, this approach minimizes the risk of corticosteroid-related adverse events such as cataracts and intraocular pressure elevation via compartmentalization. This review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies published between 2019 and 2023, highlighting the potential of suprachoroidal injection in treating a variety of posterior segment diseases. However, to fully harness its potential, more research is needed to address current challenges and limitations, such as the need for technological advancements, refinement of injection techniques, and consideration of cost and accessibility factors. Future studies exploring its use in conjunction with biotech products, gene therapies, and cell-based therapies can lead to personalized treatments that can revolutionize the field of ophthalmology.
Psychotic-Like Experiences and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents: The Chain Mediating Role of Insomnia Symptoms and Resilience

Background Individuals who experience psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are at significant risk of suicide-related behaviors. This two-wave longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationships among PLEs, insomnia symptoms, resilience, and suicidal ideation (SI) among adolescents. Methods A total of 2231 college students [mean age (standard deviation) = 20.02 (1.39) years] completed two web-based surveys. Participants completed self-report measures of sample characteristics, PLEs, insomnia symptoms, resilience, and SI. Results The findings indicated a significantly positive correlation between PLEs and SI that was sequentially mediated by insomnia symptoms and resilience. Furthermore, insomnia symptoms and resilience played a chain-mediating role between PLEs and adolescent SI. Conclusion These findings suggest potential mechanism for the PLEs-SI link, which helps us better understand how PLEs can influence individual SI and provides important information for early prevention.
TCP Performance Enhancement in IoT and MANET: A Systematic Literature Review

– TCP operates as a unicast protocol that prioritizes the reliability of established connections. This protocol allows for the explicit and acknowledged establishment and dissolution of connections, the transmission of data without loss of context or duplication, the management of traffic flows, the avoidance of congestion, and the asynchronous signaling of time-sensitive information. In this research, we use the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique to examine and better understand the several methods recently given for enhancing TCP performance in IoT and MANET networks. This work aims to assess and classify the current research strategies on TCP performance approaches published between 2016 and 2023 using both analytical and statistical methods. Technical parameters suggested case study and evaluation settings are compared between MANET and IoT to give a taxonomy for TCP performance improvement options based on the content of current studies chosen using the SLR procedure. Each study's merits and limitations are outlined, along with suggestions for improving those studies and areas where further research is needed. This work outlines the basic issues of TCP when it is used in IoT and MANET. It also highlights the recent approaches for TCP performance enhancement, such as machine Learning-based approaches, multi-path TCP, congestion control, buffer management, and route optimization. It also provides the potential for future research directions into the effectiveness of TCP performance in IoT and MANET. The major findings of this review are to provide a thorough understanding of the latest techniques for enhancing TCP performance in the IoT and MANET networks, which can be beneficial for researchers and practitioners in the field of networking.
The Role of Peer Support in Promoting EFL Achievement: Academic Self-Concept as the Mediator

For secondary school students, peer support is an essential component of social support, which might significantly influence their academic achievement. However, the mediating mechanism between peer support and academic achievement needs to be further explored, especially in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). The present study explored the relationship between peer support, foreign language (FL) self-concept, and EFL achievement based on the data of 499 Chinese secondary EFL learners. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and mediation analysis results demonstrated that peer support positively affected EFL achievement. FL self-concept fully mediated the relationship between peer support and EFL achievement after controlling for gender and age. The direction and strength of the mediating effect of FL self-concept between peer support and EFL achievement clarify the complex relationship between peer support and EFL achievement and helps EFL teachers and educators take intervention measures. Implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Hypertensive Heart Disease: A Narrative Review Series—Part 2: Macrostructural and Functional Abnormalities

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) remains a major global public health concern despite the implementation of new approaches for the management of hypertensive patients. The pathological changes occurring during HHD are complex and involve the development of structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. HHD describes a broad spectrum ranging from uncontrolled hypertension and asymptomatic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), either a concentric or an eccentric pattern, to the final development of clinical heart failure. Pressure-overload-induced LVH is recognised as the most important predictor of heart failure and sudden death and is associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac arrhythmias are considered to be one of the most important comorbidities affecting hypertensive patients. This is the second part of a three-part set of review articles. Here, we focus on the macrostructural and functional abnormalities associated with chronic high pressure, their involvement in HHD pathophysiology, and their role in the progression and prognosis of HHD.
Perbandingan Performa Kuantitatif Sapi Brahman Cross di Peternakan Rakyat dengan di Perusahaan Komersial pada Umur 18-24 Bulan

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan performa kuantitatif sapi brahman cross pada umur 18-24 bulan di peternakan rakyat dan di perusahaan komersial pada bulan Agustus sampai Oktober. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 50 ekor sapi brahman cross di perusahaan komersial dan 50 ekor sapi brahman cross di peternakan rakyat dengan menggunakan metode survey dan pengambilan sampel menggunaan purposive sampling. Peubah yang diamati meliputi ukuran-ukuran tubuh yang meliputi bobot badan, lingkar dada, panjang badan dan tinggi pundak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sapi brahman cross di perusahaan komersial memiliki performa kuantitatif yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sapi brahman cross di peternakan rakyat. Sapi brahman cross di peternakan rakyat memiliki rata-rata bobot badan (271,12+26,03 cm), lingkar dada (154,04+6,01 cm), panjang badan (107,42+3,42 cm), dan tinggi pundak (124+2,23 cm), sedangkan sapii brahman cross di perusahaan komersial memiliki rata-rata bobot badan (383,92+35,05 kg), lingkar dada (175,9+4,27 cm), panjang badan (111,1+6,99 cm), dan tinggi pundak (128,4+4,84 cm). Kata kunci: sapi brahman cross, bobot badan, lingkar dada, panjang badan, tinggi pundakABSTRACTResearch was conducted to determine the quantitative performance of brahmancross catlle 18-24 month in traditional farmer and commercial companies. Research was conducted on 50 brahmancross catlle in traditional farmer and 50 brahman cross catlle in commercial companies, sample observation is determined by purposive sampling. Research uses a survey conducted from August to October 2016. The results showed a quantitative brahman cross catlle in convensional farmer trait average body weight (271,12 ± 26,05 kg), chest circumference (154,04±6,01 cm), body length (107,42±3,42 cm), and shoulder height (124±2,23 cm), and the results showed a quantitative brahman cross catlle in commercial companies trait average body weight (383,92 ± 36,06 kg), chest circumference (175,9±4,27 cm), body length (111,1±6,99 cm), and shoulder height (128,4±4,84 cm). The results showed that brahman cross cattlein commercial companies have higher quantitative performance than those at the traditional farmerKeywords: brahman cross cattle, body weight, chest circumference, body lenght, shoulder height.
Planes in Z4$\mathbb {Z}^4$ and Eisenstein series

We study the number of two‐dimensional sublattices of Z4$\mathbb {Z}^4$ of a fixed covolume and construct the associated Dirichlet series. The latter is shown to be related to Eisenstein series on both GL4$\operatorname{GL}_4$ and its metaplectic double cover.
Polymorph-induced photosensitivity change in titanylphthalocyanine revealed by the charge transfer integral

Abstract The crystal form of semiconductor materials is keenly correlated with the photosensitivity of optoelectronic devices. Thus, understanding the crystal form-dependent photosensitivity mechanism is critical. In this work, the microemulsion phase transfer method was adopted to prepare α- and β-titanylphthalocyanine (TiOPc NPs) with an average diameter of 35 nm. The photosensitivity (E1/2) of α-TiOPc NPs was 2.73 times better than that of β-TiOPc NPs, which was characterized by photoconductors under the same measurement conditions. DFT was performed to explain the relationship between crystal form and photosensitivity by systematically calculating the charge transfer integrals for all possible dimers in the two different crystal forms. The hole and electron reorganization energies of TiOPc were respectively calculated to be 53.5 and 271.5 meV, revealing TiOPc to be a typical p-type semiconductor. The calculated total hole transfer mobility (μ+) ratio (2.83) of α- to β-TiOPc was almost identical to the experimental E1/2 ratio (2.73) and the calculated photogeneration quantum efficiency (ηe-h) ratio (2.23). In addition, the optimum hole transfer routes in the crystal of α- and β-TiOPc were all along with the [1 0 0] crystal orientation, which was determined by the calculated μ+. A high charge transfer mobility leads to a high photosensitive TiOPc crystal. Consequently, these results indicate that the selected theoretical calculation method is reasonable for indirectly explaining the relationship between crystal form and photosensitivity. The TiOPc molecular solid-state arrangements, namely, the crystal forms of TiOPc, have a strong influence on the charge transport behavior, which in turn, affects its photosensitivity.
The Effects of General Listening Anxiety and Listening Test Anxiety on Self-Perceived Listening Performance Among Chinese English Learners

Purpose This research seeks to conceptualize foreign language listening anxiety (FLLA) and provide its measurement, and further explore the influences of FLLA on self-perceived listening performance. Methods In Study 1, semi-structured interviews explored FLLA-arousal situations. Follow-up reliability and validity tests for the newly-developed scale were testified. In Study 2, structural equation modeling explored the relationship between FLLA and self-perceived performance, which was followed by the comparison of the effects of different types of FLLA on self-perceived performance between English and non-English major students. Results The componential factors of FLLA included two factors, namely general listening anxiety and listening test anxiety, and general listening anxiety was represented by FLLA in classroom, daily usage, and media learning. The results also showed that listening test anxiety negatively affected self-perceived performance; general listening anxiety positively affected listening test anxiety but did not affect self-perceived performance, and listening test anxiety played a full mediation role. Moreover, findings revealed that non-English major students’ general listening anxiety was higher than that of English major students. However, the multi-group analysis showed that these two groups did not differ in the effect of general listening anxiety on listening test anxiety, and in the effects of listening anxieties on self-perceived performance. For the two groups, the mechanism of anxiety-and-performance relationship was consistent. Conclusion The results of this research have expanded the knowledge of listening anxiety by distinguishing general listening anxiety from listening test anxiety. Moreover, by testifying the mediator of listening test anxiety, this research deepened the understanding of the effects of different types of FLLA on self-perceived listening performance and the intensity differences of listening anxieties in English and non-English majors. Furthermore, the research has contributed to the literature on FLLA research based on Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, and has practical pedagogical implications for future studies.
An Alternative Approach to Assess the Impacts of Countercyclical Fiscal Policy in Developing Countries

In the current literature, theoretical, and empirical studies present varying implications regarding the effectiveness of countercyclical fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy. While most studies suggest that countercyclical fiscal policy stimulates or inhibits economic growth, others document insignificant impact. However, these existing studies solely analyze the impulse of fiscal policy to the economy without distinguishing whether the impulse factor originates from within or outside the economy. Therefore, we aim to explore the effectiveness of countercyclical fiscal policy within an alternative framework that discerns the origin of the impulse factor and revisits the impacts of countercyclical policy in developing countries. Our theoretical framework argues that the countercyclical fiscal policy only makes sense if it is conducted with external debt or other external instruments. Employing the dataset that covers 201 countries over the 1990-2020 periods, we document evidence for the use of countercyclical fiscal policy in developing countries.
An objective time based phylogenetic classification of primates that places chimpanzees and humans in the genus Homo

Molecular phylogenetics, a coupling of molecular biology to Hennig’s phylogenetic systematics, is bringing about a twofold shift in paradigms, one in systematics and the other in how we view our place in nature. The new paradigm in systematics disbands the traditional use of taxonomic grades and, instead, favors strictly genealogical classifications in which all taxa are monophyletic and are arranged in a hierarchical scheme that reflects the time course of phylogeny. The second new paradigm rejects the traditional anthropological view that we humans are greatly different from all other species and instead emphasizes our commonalities with other species, e.g. our very close genetic identity to chimpanzees. On using DNA evidence on primate phylogeny, complemented by paleontological evidence, a temporal based classification of primates describes objectively, without anthropocentric biases, the taxonomic place of humans among the primates. All living apes and humans belong to subfamily Homininae. Homininae divides into Hylobatini (common and siamang gibbons) and Hominini, the latter into Pongina for Pongo (orangutans) and Hominina for Gorilla and Homo. Homo itself divides into the subgenera H. (Homo) for humans and H. (Pan) for common and pygmy chimpanzees. Even on disbanding Australopithecus and Ardipithecus by placing their species into Homo (Homo), the presumed genealogical relationships of these extinct species to each other and to living humans can be depicted by how the species are listed and indented under the subgenus rank. Key words: Molecular phylogenetics, phylogenetic classification, taxonomic ranks, DNA evidence, primate phylogeny, primate clades, bipedal hominids, common and bonobo chimpanzees, Homo (Homo), Homo (Pan).
The Moisture Sources and Transport Processes for a Sudden Rainstorm Associated with Double Low-Level Jets in the Northeast Sichuan Basin of China

A sudden rainstorm that occurred in the northeast Sichuan Basin of China in early May 2017 was associated with a southwest low-level jet (SWLJ) and a mountainous low-level jet (MLLJ). This study investigates the impact of the double low-level jets (LLJs) on rainfall diurnal variation by using the data from ERA5 reanalysis, and explores the characteristics of water vapor transport, including the main paths and sources of moisture, by using the HYSPLIT-driven data of the ERA—interim, GDAS (Global Data Assimilation System), and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The analysis shows that the sudden rainstorm in the mountain terrain was located at the left side of the large-scale SWLJ at 700 hPa, and at the exit region of the meso-scale MLLJ at 850 hPa. The double LLJs provide favorable moisture conditions, and the enhancement (weakening) of the LLJs is ahead of the start (end) of the rainstorm. The capacity of the LLJ at 850 hPa with respect to moisture convergence is superior to that at 700 hPa, especially when the MLLJ and the southerly LLJ at 850 hPa appear at the same time. The HYSPLIT backward trajectory model based on Lagrangian methods has favorable applicability in the event of sudden rainstorms in mountainous terrain, and there is no special path of moisture transport in this precipitation event. The main moisture sources of this process are the East China Sea–South China Sea, the Arabian Sea–Indian Peninsula, the Bay of Bengal, and the Middle East, accounting for 38%, 34%, 17% and 11% of the total moisture transport, respectively. Among them, the moisture transport in the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea–East China Sea is mainly located in the lower troposphere, which is below 900 hPa, while the moisture transport in the Arabian Sea–Indian Peninsula and the Middle East is mainly in the middle and upper layers of the troposphere. The moisture changes of the transport trajectories are affected by the topography, especially the high mountains around the Sichuan Basin.
Efficient Detection of Buried Plastic Pipes by Combining GPR and Electric Field Methods

In this paper, an efficient plastic pipe detecting model is proposed, which combines the ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the electric field method. The model consists of the electric field locating model (EFLM) and the GPR B-scan image interpreting (GBII) model. Synchronized electric field and GPR data are collected through a data acquisition device dedicatedly designed for the swift and accurate estimation of buried plastic pipes. The EFLM estimates the approximate locations of underground plastic pipes from the electric field data quickly, separates a GPR B-scan image into segments, keeps the segments that might contain hyperbolas, and discards the irrelevant ones. Then, the GBII model interprets the depth and radius of the buried pipe in the kept segments. Our numerical simulations and experiments prove that by utilizing the EFLM, the 1-D electric field data could be processed quickly and the GPR B-scan image could be segmented with part of irrelevant pixels discarded, while hyperbolas in the kept image segments could be automatically and accurately fitted. With our proposed model, the depth and radius of the buried pipes could be efficiently obtained.
Robinia pseudoacacia leaves improve soil physical and chemical properties

The role of the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. , which is widely distributed in the arid lands, on improving soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed at various incubation periods. The incubated soils added with 0, 25, 50 and 75 g Robinia pseudoacacia leaves were tested after consecutive incubation intervals of 6, 8 and 10 months and the different soil parameters were measured. The results showed the increases in organic matter (OM), extractable K, cation exchange capacity (CEC), aggregate stability and water holding capacity, but the decreases in pH value and bulk density after 6 months’ incubation. The gradual decrease in change rates of soil properties indicated less microbial population and organic residual mineralization under acidic conditions, which were resulted from fast decomposition of leaves after the first 6 months incubation. The increases in soil organic matter content, extractable K, CEC, aggregate stability and water holding capacity and the decreases in soil pH and bulk density provide favorable conditions for crop’s growth.
Prognostic utility of TME-associated genes in pancreatic cancer

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease. The tumor microenvironment (TME) participates in PC oncogenesis. This study focuses on the assessment of the prognostic and treatment utility of TME-associated genes in PC. Methods: After obtaining the differentially expressed TME-related genes, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to identify genes related to prognosis, and a risk model was established to evaluate risk scores, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, and it was validated by external data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). Multiomics analyses were adopted to explore the potential mechanisms, discover novel treatment targets, and assess the sensitivities of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Results: Five TME-associated genes, namely, FERMT1, CARD9, IL20RB, MET, and MMP3, were identified and a risk score formula constructed. Next, their mRNA expressions were verified in cancer and normal pancreatic cells. Multiple algorithms confirmed that the risk model displayed a reliable ability of prognosis prediction and was an independent prognostic factor, indicating that high-risk patients had poor outcomes. Immunocyte infiltration, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and single-cell analysis all showed a strong relationship between immune mechanism and low-risk samples. The risk score could predict the sensitivity of immunotherapy and some chemotherapy regimens, which included oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Various latent treatment targets (LAG3, TIGIT, and ARID1A) were addressed by mutation landscape based on the risk model. Conclusion: The risk model based on TME-related genes can reflect the prognosis of PC patients and functions as a novel set of biomarkers for PC therapy.