Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pacific pelagic phosphorus accumulation during the last 10 M.Y.

As a limiting nutrient to marine life, phosphorus (P) is an effective tracer of today's marine productivity. The distribution of P in marine sediments likewise tracks the history of marine productivity because of its relative insolubility in seawater. CaCO3, biogenic opal, terrigenous sediment, and total P have been measured in cores from nine Pacific sites (Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) 65, 66, 310, 77, 62, 572, 463, 586, and GPC-3) and one subantarctic (DSDP 266) site. These sites were specifically chosen to provide information on biota burial flux changes with time for sedimentary sinks that represent key oceanographic variables, i.e., rate of upwelling, water depth, and carbonate dissolution gradient. The accumulation rates of these components for the last 10 Ma were then calculated from determined core age versus depth plots, core bulk density, and porosity data. The accumulation of P weakly correlates with that of CaCO3, moderately with that of total sediment, and very strongly with carbonate-free accumulation. Two prominent peaks for all components occur at 2–3 Ma and 5–6 Ma, and record the chemical loading of dissolved CaCO3, SiO2, and P from glacially emergent continental shelves. These results indicate that continental shelf phosphorites form during interglacially high sea levels and correspond to low deep-sea P accumulation rates, whereas glacially lowered sea levels allow for shelf bypassing and greater deep-sea P accumulation rates.
Risk factors for ventilator‐associated lower respiratory tract infection in COVID‐19, a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Sweden

Ventilator‐associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA‐LRTI) increase morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Higher incidences of VA‐LRTI have been reported among COVID‐19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary objectives of this study were to describe clinical characteristics, incidence, and risk factors comparing patients who developed VA‐LRTI to patients who did not, in a cohort of Swedish ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID‐19. Secondary objectives were to decipher changes over the three initial pandemic waves, common microbiology and the effect of VA‐LTRI on morbidity and mortality.
Elevated pore pressure and anomalously low stress in regions of low frequency earthquakes along the Nankai Trough subduction megathrust

Recent seismic reflection and ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) studies reveal broad regions of low seismic velocity along the Nankai subduction plate boundary megathrust offshore SW Japan. These low velocity zones (LVZ's) extend ∼55 km landward from the trench, corresponding to depths of >∼10 km below sea floor. Here, we estimate the in‐situ pore pressure and stress state within these LVZ's by combining P‐wave velocities obtained from the geophysical surveys with new well‐constrained empirical relations between P‐wave velocity, porosity, and effective mean stress defined by laboratory deformation tests on drill core samples of the incoming oceanic sediment. We document excess pore pressures of 17–87 MPa that extend ∼55 km into the subduction zone, indicating that trapped pore fluids support ∼45–91% of the overburden stress along the base of the upper plate and surrounding major fault zones. The resulting effective stresses in the LVZ are limited to ∼1/3 of the values expected for non‐overpressured conditions. These low effective stresses should lead to a mechanically weak and predominantly aseismic plate boundary. The region of lowest effective stress coincides with precisely located very low frequency earthquakes, providing the first quantitative evidence linking these anomalous slip events to low stress and high pore pressure.
Ketogenic Diet and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analysis

Numerous studies have examined the effects of ketogenic diets (KD) on health-related outcomes through meta-analyses. However, the presence of biases may compromise the reliability of conclusions. Therefore, we conducted an umbrella review to collate and appraise the strength of evidence on the efficacy of KD interventions. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database until April 2023 to identify meta-analyses that investigated the treatment effects of KD for multiple health conditions, which yielded 23 meta-analyses for quantitative analyses. The evidence suggests that KD could increase the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the respiratory exchange rate (RER), and could decrease total testosterone and testosterone levels (all p-random effects: <0.05). The combination of KD and physical activity can significantly reduce body weight and increase the levels of LDL-C and cortisol. In addition, KD was associated with seizure reduction in children, which can be explained by the ketosis state as induced by the diet. Furthermore, KD demonstrated a better alleviation effect in refractory childhood epilepsy, in terms of median effective rates for seizure reduction of ≥50%, ≥90%, and seizure freedom. However, the strength of evidence supporting the aforementioned associations was generally weak, thereby challenging their credibility. Consequently, future studies should prioritize stringent research protocols to ascertain whether KD interventions with longer intervention periods hold promise as a viable treatment option for various diseases.
Applications of EDGAR Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research

EDGAR 2.0 (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) provided global annual emissions for 1990 of greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 and N2O and precursor gases CO, NOx, NMVOC and SO2 both per region and on a 1 degrees x 1degrees grid. Similar inventories were compiled for a number of CFCs, halons and methyl bromide, methyl chloroform. This report discusses the applications of EDGAR 2.0 over the last couple of years as well as the validation and uncertainty analysis carried out. About 700 users have downloaded EDGAR 2.0 data during the last 24 year. In addition, the approach taken to compile EDGAR 3.0 is discussed: update and extension from 1990 to 1995 for all gases and extended time series for direct greenhouse gases to 1970-1995 and inclusion of the new 'Kyoto' greenhouse gases HFCs, PFCs, SF6. Selected time profiles for the seasonality of anthropogenic sources are also discussed. The work is linked into and part of the Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA) of IGBP/IGAC.
Protein Intake, Source and Effect on Children’s Weight Status: An Epidemiological Study in Greece

The development of overweight and obesity during late childhood and early adolescence is one of the most critical issues in public health. Additionally, over the past few years, the consumption of protein has tended to increase in both children and adults. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the protein type, either plant- or animal-sourced, as well as the quantity consumed, could potentially have a relationship with excess body weight in children. A total of 47 primary schools were selected, and 1728 students, aged 10–12 years, were enrolled for the purposes of this study, leading to our final sample of 712. Physical measurements, such as weight and height, were measured, and children were separated into two weight status categories according to their Body Mass Index, which was obtained through the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Students’ diets were assessed through a questionnaire, and total, plant- and animal-derived protein intakes were calculated. Unadjusted analysis showed a statistically significant association between body weight and plant protein. After adjustment for overall energy intake, sex, age, and exercise, there was a statistically significant negative association between plant protein and excess body weight in children (OR: 0.964, 95% CI: 0.936; 0.992), but a lack of association for animal-sourced protein (OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 0.991; 1.013). Dietary plant-derived protein seems to have a positive effect on weight status in children, independently of total energy intake and physical activity; nevertheless, additional research is required in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Partial sequence analysis and relative expression of the HSP70 gene of Vasconcellea pubescens

Environmental factors affect nearly all land areas on the planet. Global warming is one of the most destructive of these factors because it has adverse effects on crop production systems. Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved complex mechanisms to cope with stress factors. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are one of those mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed a partial gene sequence that encodes for HSP70 protein in Vasconcellea pubescens. We also measured the relative expression of the gene in plantlets of Vasconcellea pubescens and performed biochemical assays under heat stress. The plantlets were exposed to three temperatures 25° C (control), 45 °C and 55 °C (stress temperatures) for 4 hours. The bioinformatic analysis led to the first description of a partial sequence of the HSP70 gene and its evolutionary history in V. pubescens. We found significant differences for relative expression of theHSP70 gene, percentage of electrolyte leakage, and proline content between plants subjected to heat stress and those in the control group. Our results showed that V. pubescens displays thermotolerance even under extreme temperatures. V. pubescens is a poorly studied species that may contain genes of biotechnological interest (such as HSP70) that could be used for plant genetic modification.
Los Angeles Summer Midday Particulate Carbon: Primary and Secondary Aerosol

Aerosol sampling during photochemically active times across the Los Angeles Basin has provided evidence of secondary formation of organic aerosol from gas-phase precursors at midday. Ambient organic carbon/elemental carbon ratios exceeded the estimated ratio of organic carbon/elemental carbon in primary source emissions on most sampling days at all sites. The concentration of secondary organic aerosol was calculated by using ambient data and estimates of the organic carbon/elemental carbon ratio in primary source emissions. Nonparametric sign correlations comparing calculated secondary organic carbon concentrations with tracers of both primary and secondary aerosols supported the method used to quantify secondary organic carbon. Secondary organic aerosol appears to have contributed roughly half of the organic aerosol in Pasadena during midday summer conditions.
Surgical Decision-Making in Thyroiditis: A Review Article

Thyroiditis is a common thyroid disorder worldwide. Its commonest variant is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). The usual presenting symptom is hypothyroidism at the time of diagnosis. Most patients are asymptomatic. A few cases may experience more obvious symptoms. The standard treatment is medical, and surgery is rarely indicated. This review aims to shed light on the most relevant articles discussing surgery in thyroiditis and compare them. The author included 16 relevant articles focused on the surgical management of thyroiditis. Of the studies, 10 were designed as retrospective reviews, four as prospective studies, and two as systematic reviews. The included studies aimed to focus on certain objectives. Three of them discussed indications of surgical intervention in cases of thyroiditis. Five covered postoperative complications. Six looked at the thyroid cancer association with thyroiditis. Two explored the impact of thyroiditis on surgery. Five discussed the postoperative improvement of symptoms and the effect on the quality of life. All the studies listed in this review engaged cases of HT except two. This review concentrates on conceptualizing and organizing the parameters in the minds of surgeons who manage cases of thyroiditis to enable them to decide whether to operate or not. These factors are indications of surgery, improvement of local compressor symptoms post thyroidectomy like dysphasia and shortness of breath, risk of thyroid cancer, intraoperative difficulty, and postoperative complications. Different variants of thyroiditis cases are treated medically, and surgery is rarely indicated. The surgeons should consider the mentioned factors affecting their decision to operate on this special entity. Thus, each case should be individualized in deciding whether to operate or not by assessing the benefit-risk ratio.
Influence of Natural Organic Matter on Colloid Transport Through Saprolite

Mobile colloids in soils and their underlying strata may play an important role in the translocation of some contaminants from surface sources to groundwater. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of adsorbed natural organic matter (NOM) in the transport of submicron soil colloids through a commonly occurring type of saprolite in North Carolina. Intact saprolite columns from 4 m below the soil surface were used to study the movement of a conservative tracer (3H2O) and of soil colloids with and without adsorbed NOM. For natural (i.e., untreated) soil colloids having high colloidal stability due to adsorbed NOM, the filier efficiency of the saprolite decreased rapidly to zero as increasing amounts of colloids were deposited on the pore walls in the saprolite (blocking effect). Colloid breakthrough curves exhibited little tailing, indicating that colloid deposition was largely irreversible. The colloids were excluded from about 33% of the water-filled pore space, resulting in faster transport of colloids as compared to 3H2O. When the colloids were treated with NaOCl to remove adsorbed NOM, colloidal stability and mobility were strongly decreased. For these suspensions the filter efficiency of the columns increased as increasing amounts of colloids were deposited in the saprolite (filter ripening). After addition of small amounts of humic acid (1 mg L−1) to the NaOCl-treated colloids, they exhibited very similar transport behavior as the untreated soil colloids. Stabilization of colloids by NOM and the possible occurrence of the blocking effect or filter ripening must be considered in future models of subsurface colloid transport.
Vaccination Campaign against Hepatitis B Virus in Italy: A History of Successful Achievements

In Italy, the vaccination campaign against hepatitis B virus has been characterized by two phases. In the first phase (1984–1991), vaccination with plasma-derived vaccines was first recommended for the high-risk group. In the second phase (1991–nowadays), recombinant vaccine targeted, by law, infants 2 months old and teenagers 12 years old (limited to the first 12 years of campaign); screening for HBsAg became compulsory for all pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Successful achievements have been attained: No acute HBV case has been observed in the age group targeted by vaccination, the pool of chronic HBsAg carriers is strongly reduced, perinatal HBV transmission is under control, and acute delta virus hepatitis cases are nearly eliminated. The key point of this success has been the peculiar vaccination policy adopted. The combined vaccination of teenagers has generated an early immune cohort of youths, who are no longer at risk of acquiring HBV infection by sources of exposure (i.e., drug use and unsafe sex practices) typical of the young adults. Vaccination of household contacts with HBsAg-positive subjects represents an area of improvement; providing migrants and refugees access to healthcare services is also a focal point. In 2020, Italy became the first country in Europe to achieve the WHO’s regional hepatitis targets.
Petrography and mineralogy of two basalts and olivine‐pyroxene‐spinel fragments in achondrite EETA79001

Three lithologies occur in shocked achondrite EETA79001: A1, exotic irregular crystals and clusters of coarse-grained olivine (Fo81–55:CaO 0.2, Cr2O3 0.06, NiO 0.5 wt.%), low-Ca pyroxene (En82Wo2 - En58Wo12) and low-Ti chromite (Cr2O3 59, FeO 27, TiO2 0.7 wt.%) A2 basaltic host to A1 containing pyroxene (mainly pigeonite En67Wo12 - En52Wo13), maskelynite (An61–55Or0.7,), high-Ti chromite (some rimming low-Ti chromite), whitlockite, minor Cl-apatite, ilmenite, pyrrhotite, and mesostasis; and B, a homogeneous basalt containing augite laths (∼En40–50Wo25–35) in a matrix of pigeohite-augite, maskelynite (An62–56 Or1.2)ulvospinelilmenite intergrowth, whitlockite, Cl-apatite, and mesostasis. Mineral compositions indicate an oxidation state similar to that of shergottites. Lithology A1 represents an unmetamorphosed cumulate that was disrupted and partly resorbed by a basaltic magma. Incorporation of low-Ca magnesian pyroxenes and olivine increased the Mg/Fe ratio of the basaltic magma responsible for A2, and resulted in abundant crystallization of pigeonite. Lithology B was generated from a distinct magma lacking fragments of A1. The parental spinel harzburgite of A1 was not annealed, and is probably a near-surface igneous cumulate from a shergottite-type basalt. Ringwood (? ) and majorite (? ) were found in shock veins.
Kaleidoscopic Ethnicity: International Migration and the Reconstruction of Community Identities in India

Ethnicity and International Migration * The Kaleidoscope of Ethnicity: Religion, Status, and Gender * Colonialism and Ethnogenesis * The Middle Eastern Migration from Kerala * Ethnicity and Migration in Veni: Strengthening Solidarity and the Joint Family * Ethnicity and Migration in Cherur: The Decastification of Status * Ethnicity and Migration in Kembu: Strengthening the Nuclear Family and Women * The Ethnic Kaleidoscope and International Migration Revisited
Effectiveness of Self-Made E-Learning Videos for Dual Sports in Enhancing The Performance of Bachelor of Physical Education Students

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of self-made e-learning videos in enhancing the dual sport footwork performance of Bachelor of Physical Education students at Laguna State Polytechnic University. This study employed a pre-experimental – single-group pretest, post-test research design. The participants were purposively selected and are taking dual sports courses. Their performances were evaluated by determining the pretest and posttest mean scores and the significant differences of the variables and describing the learners' satisfaction rate on the effectiveness of e-learning videos. Based on the findings, there was a significant difference in the participants' pretest and posttest mean scores, which means that using e-video in PE sports courses enhanced their performance. The e-learning videos influence students' understanding of the basic footwork for dual sports and with high satisfaction with the learnings acquired from the videos. It was concluded that Self-made e-learning videos are effective, efficient, and useful alternative learning material for teaching dual sport footwork. It is encouraged that e-videos for dual sports courses could be adopted across the BPED LSPU system, and the use of e-learning videos may replicate in other education courses in other universities. In addition, there is a need to develop strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the e-learning course.
The U.S. as a coastal nation

U.S. economic activity is overwhelmingly concentrated at its ocean and Great Lakes coasts. Economic theory suggests four possible explanations: a present-day productivity effect, a present-day quality-of-life effect, delayed adjustment following a historical productivity or quality-of-life effect, and an agglomeration effect following a historical productivity or quality-of-life effect. Controlling for correlated natural attributes such as the weather and including proximity measures which a priori do not influence quality-of-life, linear regressions suggest that the high coastal concentration of economic activity is primarily due to a productivity effect. Extensively controlling for historical economic density suggests that such a productivity effect continues to be operative today.
The effects of regional scientific opportunities in science-technology flows: Evidence from scientific literature cited in firms' patent data

From a spatial perspective, it is well known in the literature on innovation and technological change that scientific research undertaken in the universities plays an important role as an instrument for stimulating economic growth. In general, the analysis of particular spaces, such as high technology districts or regional systems of innovation, has shown, by means of a descriptive methodology, the relevance of scientific research as a driver of regional development. With the application of spatial econometric methods, important contributions have also been made in clarifying the spillover effects of university activities. However, quantitative research on these aspects in regional contexts is still very limited. The objective of this study is to advance, from a quantitative point of view, in the knowledge of the science-technology flows from a regional perspective. We set out to answer the following kinds of question: How are science-technology flows distributed regionally? Which sectors of industry are the most dynamic in their employment of scientific knowledge? Which are the scientific fields that are most closely associated with regional industry? What factors influence the regional variability of science-technology flows? How does regional expenditure on scientific research affect science-technology flows? The methodology utilised in this study is based on the scientific citations in patent documents (NPC), and has previously only been applied in national contexts. In other words, we assume that the NPC citations, or the scientific citations, are an adequate measurement of the science-technology flows in regional contexts, too. After describing the spatial and sectorial patterns, we propose to identify the explanatory factors by modelling the citations in patent documents (taking this variable as a proxy for the science-technology flows) in function of a set of three blocks of explanatory factors: businesses (microeconomic variables), industries (sectorial variables) and spatial contexts (variables of location and of the scientific environment). The model is of the microeconomic type and the most appropriate formulation, given the nature of the endogenous variable, is that of the counted data type. The statistical data originate from a comprehensive review of the 1,643 patents applied for by 1,129 companies, and published during the years 1998 to 2001, both inclusive. The basic source of data is the domestic patent documents themselves, published by the Spanish Office of Patents and Trade Marks. This information has been tabulated to obtain regional indicators of science-technology flows and the variables for inclusion in the model. The statistical treatment of the primary information and the operation of the model provide us with objective data that may serve as an additional point of reference for reflecting on the incidence on the regional productive system of specific measures taken under regional scientific policies.