Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid response of macroinvertebrates to drainage management of shallow connected lakes

Summary 1 Shallow lakes throughout the world are subject to drainage, either for fish harvesting or lake restoration. Lake drainage of fish lakes is known to improve macrophyte and zooplankton diversity, but the effect on the macroinvertebrate community is poorly known. 2 In the present study, we investigated temporal trends in the macroinvertebrate community following drainage of six shallow connected lakes. Diversity increased for all macroinvertebrates (family level). Recolonization of the lakes occurred within the first year after the drainage and was supplemented with a set of species that were previously rare or did not occur in the lakes. Changes in the abiotic conditions of the lakes were small and transient, except for the decline in fish. The rapid recolonization by the species occurring before drainage is attributed to the high connectivity of our system. The appearance of supplementary species may relate to lowered fish predation, suggesting that fish were a dominant factor in shaping the communities. 4 Synthesis and applications. Lake drainage has a positive effect on the diversity and richness of macroinvertebrates in shallow connected lakes. This positive effect may be due to a decline in fish predation following lake drainage in combination with a high rate of recolonization among others via connections to non-drained lakes. Lake drainage, therefore, is probably the most cost-effective lake restoration tool in shallow connected lakes. Other restoration tools may be preferable in isolated lakes where recolonization is constrained.
The Long and the Short of It: Do Public and Private Firms Invest Differently?

Using data from U.S. corporate tax returns, we investigate the differential investment propensities of public and private firms. Tax return data uniquely provide rich detail on corporate investment reported under identical standards and is representative of the universe of U.S. corporations. Using two empirical strategies we find robust evidence that public firms invest more in long-term assets – particularly innovation – than private firms. Focusing on firms that go public, we find that firms increase their R&amp;D investment following their IPO. Our findings suggest that contrary to fears of ”short- termism”, public stock markets facilitate greater investment in risky, uncollateralized investments.
Enzymatic constituents in crossbred buck semen

A study was conducted an 10 crossbred buck's (Alpine x Beetal (7), Saanen x Beetal (1) semen for 5 enzymatic constituents (HYL, GOT, GPT, AKP, ACP) during 3 seasons. Season significantly (P<0.05) affected HYL, GOT, GPT and AKP activity. Bucks differed in their GPT, ACP and AKP constituents and the season x buck interaction influenced all the 5 enzymatic constituents of buck semen. Association of enzyme activity and aero somal damage was noticed. The overall mean enzyme activity in the extracellular fluid was hyaluronidase (0.71 +-0.05 umole/ml), GOT(1.40 ± 0.42 mole/ml), GPT (1.63 ± 0.11 mmole/ml), ACP (25.12 ± 1.80 mmole/ml) and AKP (53.70 ±3.34 mmole/ml).
Prevalence of community-associated multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthy women in Abuja, Nigeria

Antimicrobial resistance has become a great public health problem worldwide and multi-drugvresistance Staphylococcus aureus has been widely reported. This study determined the pattern of resistance to ten commonly used antibiotics. Urine samples collected from healthy women volunteers in the Abuja were cultured and screened for S. aureus using standard microbiological procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was investigated using disc diffusion technique. A total of 60 (40%) S. aureus isolates were isolated from 150 urine samples collected. Of these, 19 (32%), 22 (36%) and 19 (32%) were from married but not pregnant, pregnant and single women, respectively. The isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (91.7%), clindamycin (78.3%), cephalexin (75%), methicillin (71.7%) and vancomycin (68.3%) but had very low resistance to gentamicin (3.3%), ciprofloxacin (3.3%), ofloxacin (3.3%), sparfloxacin (3.3%) and pefloxacin (10.0%). A total of 43 (71.7%) of the isolates showed multi-drug resistance and only 3 (5%) were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. Multi-drug resistant S. aureus is highly prevalent in the urine of healthy women investigated in Federal Capital Territory. This calls for effective measures against irrational use of antibiotics.
Effect of L-carnitine diets on performance and blood metabolites in sows

Forty-seven multiparous sows were divided into two groups: control (24) and experimental (23). The sows in the experimental group received a supplement of 50 mg L-carnitine per 1kg of the diet during pregnancy and lactation. Blood samples were obtained from 8 sows of each group on the 21 and 110 day of pregnancy and 21 day of lactation. Glucose, total protein and cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were determined. The results showed that the addition of L-carnitine to the diet significantly contributed to increasing in the piglets’ weaning weight at 21 days of age and the level of HDL-cholesterol, as well as decreasing piglet losses and TG content in blood plasma.
DISTRIBUTION, ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT AND EXTENDED-SPECTRUM OF β-LACTAMASE PRODUCING PATHOGENS FROM HOSPITAL EFFLUENTS

Objective: To isolate. Screen and characterize an effective phage for MDR and ESBL producing pathogenic bacterial strains. Methods: Bacteriophages were isolated from hospital effluent samples by double layer agar method. Isolated phages were propagated by liquid enrichment technique and its host range was analyzed by double layer agar method. Morphology of the isolated phages was identified by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Genomic and proteomic analysis was confirmed by electrophoresis technique. Results & Discussion: 46 bacteriophages were isolated against 20 different MDR and ESBL strains of those 7 phages (Mm81, Ec84, Ps85, En833, Sal836, Ec8ATCC and Ec8PMG) were selected for further studies. According to the host range analysis result the 7 phage has been shown narrow host range. The phage genomic DNA and structural proteins were analyzed. In addition to based on the TEM analysis two phages viz., Mm81 and Ec84 were belongs to Siphoviridae and Podoviridae family respectively. Present study evaluates the extensive occurrence of phages in the hospital effluent. In addition, this is first report of isolation and characterization of Morganella morganii lytic phage in Tamil Nadu, India. Conclusion: The study highlights the distribution of bacteriophages in the hospital effluent and it gives the therapeutic potential of isolated phages for the treatment of MDR and ESBL Producing Pathogens. Keywords: Phage therapy, Transmission electron microscope, Extended-spectrum of β-lactamase, Multi-drug resistant.
Wine Microbiology and Biotechnology

Wine Microbiology and Biotechnology presents developments in fermentation technology, enzyme technology, and technologies for the genetic engineering of microorganisms in a single volume. The book emphasizes the diversity of microorganisms associated with the winemaking process, and broadens the discussion of winemaking to include more modern concepts of biotechnology and molecular biology. In each chapter, recognized authorities in their field link the scientific fundamentals of microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology to the practical aspects of wine production and quality. They also provide relevant historical background and offer directions for future research.
Effects of elevated (CO2) on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta-analysis of model parameters

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on growth of forest tree species are difficult to predict because practical limitations restrict experiments to much shorter than the average life-span of a tree. Long-term, processbased computer models must be used to extrapolate from shorter-term experiments. A key problem is to ensure a strong flow of information between experiments and models. In this study, meta-analysis techniques were used to summarize a suite of photosynthetic model parameters obtained from 15 field-based elevated [CO2] experiments on European forest tree species. The parameters studied are commonly used in modelling photosynthesis, and include observed light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Amax), the potential electron transport rate (Jmax), the maximum Rubisco activity (Vcmax) and leaf nitrogen concentration on mass (Nm) and area (Na) bases. Across all experiments, light-saturated photosynthesis was strongly stimulated by growth in elevated [CO2]. However, significant down-regulation of photosynthesis was also observed; when measured at the same CO2 concentration, photosynthesis was reduced by 10‐20%. The underlying biochemistry of photosynthesis was affected, as shown by a down-regulation of the parameters Jmax and Vcmax of the order of 10%. This reduction in Jmax and Vcmax was linked to the effects of elevated [CO2] on leaf nitrogen concentration. It was concluded that the current model is adequate to model photosynthesis in elevated [CO2]. Tables of model parameter values for different European forest species are given.
Performa Tiga Genotipe Itik Pedaging (Peking, PMp dan E-PMp) dengan Pemberian Dua Jenis Ransum selama Enam Minggu

Informasi kebutuhan gizi itik pedaging lokal sudah tersedia, akan tetapi informasi kebutuhan gizi itik Peking yang dipelihara di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efek dua formula ransum yang berbeda kandungan gizi (lisin dan energi) terhadap konsumsi dan efisiensi ransum dari tiga genotipe itik (Pekingg, PMp dan E-PMp) umur enam minggu. Sebanyak 240 ekor itik sejak umur sehari dipelihara selama enam minggu dan dialokasikan ke dalam 6 perlakuan, 4 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor itik. Rancangan penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 3×2. Faktor pertama adalah genotipe itik pedaging (tiga genotipe) dan faktor kedua adalah jenis formula ransum (ransum A dan ransum B). Peubah yang diamati mencakup konsumsi pakan, bobot badan hidup, pertambahan bobot badan dan feed conversion ratio (FCR) selama enam minggu. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara formula ransum dengan genotipe itik tidak nyata (P>0,05) berpengaruh terhadap performa itik. Semua peubah yang diamati tidak dipengaruhi (P>0,05) oleh pemberian ransum perlakuan, akan tetapi sangat nyata (P<0,01) dipengaruhi oleh genotipe itik. Rata-rata konsumsi pakan, bobot badan hidup dan PBB itik Peking sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dari itik PMp dan E-PMp. Rata-rata FCR itik Peking dan E-PMp tidak berbeda nyata berkisar dari 4,49-4,78 dan nyata lebih baik dibandingkan dengan FCR itik PMp (5,29). Disimpulkan bahwa ransum B (rekomendasi Balitnak) sama efektivitasnya dengan ransum A (rekomendasi NRC) untuk menghasilkan konsumsi dan efisiensi ransum itik pedaging selama enam minggu.
Effect of starvation time on the prey capture behaviour, functional response and population growth of Asplanchna sieboldi
 (Rotifera)

1. We examined the effect of different periods of prior starvation(from 30 min to 16 h) on the prey capture behaviour, and functional and numerical responses of the predatory rotifer Asplanchna sieboldi using the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus as prey. 2. Feeding activity (i.e. encounter, attack, capture and ingestion) by Asplanchna increased significantly with increasing prey densities from 2 to 16 mL−−1 and with increasing prior starvation periods from 0.5 to 8 h. 3. Asplanchna sieboldi showed a type II functional response at all the prior starvation periods tested. The asymptotic prey density was highest after 8 h of starvation. 4. The instantaneous population growth rate of A. sieboldi ranged from 0.089 ± 0.044 (when starved for 8 h in every 24 h and at a prey density of 2 individuals mL−−1 for the other 16 h) to 1.015 ± 0.142 in the control (no starvation and at a prey density of 16 individuals mL−−1). The effect of starvation time on the numerical response was evident only at the higher prey density.
Developing and Validating a Measure of Self-Efficacy in Teaching using Science Inquiry Skills

From 2011 teacher education curricula in Malaysia have been required to emphasise the teaching of science using science inquiry skills. However, the performance of science pre-service teachers using these skills is an under-researched area. It is acknowledged in the teacher development literature that personal beliefs mediate the knowledge and practice of pre-service teachers in their classroom. This study explores how the self-efficacy beliefs of science pre-service teachers in Malaysia relate to teaching performance using science inquiry skills. This thesis presents the development and validation of a measure of teacher’s self-efficacy: Self-efficacy in Teaching using Science Inquiry Skills (SETSIS). The conceptual framework used in this study consists of three factors: knowledge efficacy (KE), personal teaching efficacy (PTE) and outcomes belief expectancy (OBE). Using a multi-methods research approach the study developed the SETSIS instrument comprising 72 items using a five-point rating scale. The SETSIS instrument was piloted using a cross-sectional survey of 325 pre-service teachers at 13 Institutes of Teacher Education across Malaysia. Factor analysis confirmed the contribution of the three factors with high reliabilities (α>0.9). The SETSIS also met the Rasch rating scale model requirement in terms of reliability, dimensionality, difficulty and item discrimination but, needs to include more difficult to affirm items to distinguish the high self-efficacy level. A concurrent validation using a separate knowledge test and teaching practice assessment confirms weak associations but were able to establish the models to infer knowledge and teaching practice performance among the samples. Overall, the findings confirm new conceptualisations of teacher self-efficacy among pre-service teachers using the three factors proposed in the SETSIS. The empirical evidence supports the utilisation of the factors of the SETSIS in assessing the belief component of pre-service teachers in teacher education. However, the study suggests different utilisation of the factors to infer pre-service teachers’ performance in content knowledge and teaching practice.
A study of the early Schwann cell lineage : growth factors involved in the survival and maturation of the Schwann cell precursor in vitro.

Cells of the Schwann cell lineage are derived from the cells of the neural crest. Schwann cell development, including factors controlling myelination have been studied extensively, but little is known about the development of the glial cells found in early nerves. This work describes an intermediate cell type in the development of Schwann cells from the neural crest, the Schwann cell precursor. Using immunocytochemistry, the molecular phenotype of these cells has been investigated. A study has been made of S100 expression and survival in vitro in defined medium, on cells isolated from E14 to newborn nerves. These experiments show that glial cells isolated from E14-E15 nerves are not neural crest cells. The transition from precursor to Schwann cell occurs rapidly between E15 and E17 in vivo. Death of precursors in defined medium in vitro has been examined using DNA staining and studies of DNA fragmentation. The results indicate that death is by apoptosis, which can be delayed by addition of protein synthesis inhibitors or elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Culture in neurone-conditioned medium suppresses apoptosis. A large number of growth factors have been investigated for survival effects. Three members of the fibroblast growth factor family have been found to promote short-term precursor survival when used in combination with a member of the insulin growth factor family. An extensive investigation has been made of the combinations required for precursor survival, both in the presence and absence of elevated cAMP. Two families of growth factors, Neu differentiation factors (NDFs) and endothelins are shown to promote long-term survival of the precursors. Precursor maturation in these factors has been followed using immunocytochemistry and assays for survival and proliferation. NDFs-2, but not endothelin, promotes maturation of precursors to Schwann cells with a time course similar to that seen in vivo. Addition of endothelin in the presence of NDFs-2 delays maturation. These results indicate that there is likely to be a complex interplay of growth factors controlling Schwann cell precursor survival and generation of Schwann cells during nerve development.
Impact of aerosols and clouds on decadal trends in all-sky solar radiation over the Netherlands (1966-2015)

Abstract. A 50-year hourly data set of global shortwave radiation, cloudiness and visibility over the Netherlands was used to quantify the contribution of aerosols and clouds to the trend in yearly-averaged all-sky radiation (1.81 ± 1.07 W m−2 decade−1). Yearly-averaged clear-sky and cloud-base radiation data show large year-to-year fluctuations caused by yearly changes in the occurrence of clear and cloudy periods and cannot be used for trend analysis. Therefore, proxy clear-sky and cloud-base radiations were computed. In a proxy analysis hourly radiation data falling within a fractional cloudiness value are fitted by monotonic increasing functions of solar zenith angle and summed over all zenith angles occurring in a single year to produce an average. Stable trends can then be computed from the proxy radiation data. A functional expression is derived whereby the trend in proxy all-sky radiation is a linear combination of trends in fractional cloudiness, proxy clear-sky radiation and proxy cloud-base radiation. Trends (per decade) in fractional cloudiness, proxy clear-sky and proxy cloud-base radiation were, respectively, 0.0097 ± 0.0062, 2.78 ± 0.50 and 3.43 ± 1.17 W m−2. To add up to the all-sky radiation the three trends have weight factors, namely the difference between the mean cloud-base and clear-sky radiation, the clear-sky fraction and the fractional cloudiness, respectively. Our analysis clearly demonstrates that all three components contribute significantly to the observed trend in all-sky radiation. Radiative transfer calculations using the aerosol optical thickness derived from visibility observations indicate that aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) is a strong candidate to explain the upward trend in the clear-sky radiation. Aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) may have some impact on cloud-base radiation, but it is suggested that decadal changes in cloud thickness and synoptic-scale changes in cloud amount also play an important role.
Analisa Teknik Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran pada Universitas dan Industri

Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat mempengaruhi cara belajar terhadap sesuatu. Salah satunya yaitu belajar koding atau pemrograman. Pentingnya memperbarui cara dalam mempelajari dan mengajarkan koding merupakan sebuah solusi untuk memperbaiki sistem yang dinilai kurang dan sudah usang. Terdapat banyak sekali metode yang telah diterapkan oleh universitas dan perusahaan dalam mempelajari dan mengajarkan teknik pemrograman. Metode-metode yang digunakan seperti menggunakan via interactive gaming, online learning, melalui perkuliahan, mengerjakan project, dan lain-lain. Di dalam jurnal ini akan menjelaskan teknik-teknik dan metode pembelajaran dan pengajaran koding yang bermacam-macam. Selain itu, akan membandingkan metode satu dengan yang lainnya sehingga akan mengetahui teknik dan metode apa yang paling efektif digunakan sebagai metode pembelajaran dan pengajaran koding. Sehingga metode pembelajaran dan pengajaran koding yang paling efektif adalah dengan menggunakan game interaktif berbentuk open source bernama pex4fun yang dapat diikuti oleh banyak pelajar dengan teknik pembelajaran yang beragam dan teknik penilaian yang modern.
Structural Genomics and Structural Proteomics: A Global Perspective

The concept of Structural Genomics (SG) arose towards the mid-1990sas a consequence of the availability of whole-genome information andthe success of high-throughput (HTP) methods in DNA sequencing.It was envisaged that similar HTP methods could be applied to deter-mining the 3-D structures of “all” the proteins (the “proteome”) of anorganism. As a part of a general research strategy for functionalgenomics, systematic, genome-driven and high-throughput crystal andNMR structure determination projects were planned. The rationale wasthat these data would significantly advance our understanding, at the
Effects of calpastatin gene polymorphisms on growth and carcass traits of Korean native cattle.

INTRODUCTION Understanding the biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying growth is one of the major subjects of interest in the cattle industry. Several studies have investigated the growth factors and growth hormones that influence growth. However, it is still unclear which genes and how many genes are involved in the process of growth. Calpastatin, which is an endogenous protease inhibitor (EC 3.4.22.17, Ca2 dependent cysteine proteinase), has been studied (Goll et al., 1992), along with several growth factors, to investigate their effects on growth, and on cell growth and differentiation (Temm-Grove et al., 1999). Cottin et al. (1994) reported that the calpain system may influence cell growth. If the calpastatin system is highly heritable, and has moderate to high genetic correlations with economic traits of interest, its use in a selection program may increase the rate of genetic change. Carcass traits are often used to evaluate meat quality. Marbling is one of the major traits used in evaluation of meat quality (Wulf et al., 1996). Significant relationships among carcass traits, and between the calpain system and meat tenderness (Shackelford et al., 1994), have been reported. Carcass traits are influenced by genetic variations, and genetic differences in tenderness, marbling and calpastatin activity have been reported among and within breeds of cattle. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of calpastatin genotypes on weight and carcass traits to provide genetic information for improvement of these traits.
Comparison Between Diode Laser And Conventional Surgical Technique To Perform Labial Frenum Surgeries In Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Abnormal labial frenum may interfere with plaque removal and cause tension, and also may provoke diastema. Frenectomy is the complete removal of the frenum that can be made by scalpels or with soft tissue lasers. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of postoperative pain, as well as intraoperative bleeding experienced by patients after two Frenectomy techniques one by soft tissue laser and one by conventional surgery. Methods: Thirty patients with abnormal labial frenum were randomly assigned to have treatment either with a conventional technique or with a diode laser. The postoperative pain ratings of each patient were recorded using a facial pain scale revised (FPS-R) on days 1 and 7, and intra operative bleeding with WHO score criteria. Results: The results indicated patients treated with the diode laser had less postoperative pain and required fewer analgesics as well as less intraoperative bleeding compared to patients treated with the conventional scalpel technique. Conclusion: Diode laser procedure would always be more accepted for frenectomy procedure with minimal postoperative pain and less intraoperative bleeding by the children patients than the conventional one.