Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Expression Analysis of LlHsfA1 from Lilium longiforum

A novel member of class A1 heat shock transcription factors(Hsfs)in full length with 1 587 bp coding sequence encoding a protein of 528 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 59.056 kD was isolated from the leaves of Lilium longiforum‘White Heaven'via RACE method. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis and phylogenic tree showed the gene named LlHsfA1 that had five critical domains and motifs,belonging to HsfA1 family and most closed to OsHsfA1a,was obviously different from each HsfA1 from other species. Moreover,it was constitutively expressed in roots,bulbs and leaves by qRT-PCR analysis under normal conditions. After 42 ℃ heat shock,LlHsfA1 expression level showed an alternate trend of‘rising and falling',remarkably up-regulated by heat. The LlHsfA1-GFP fusion proteins were observed to be located in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Rationalizing rational expectations: Characterizations and tests

In this paper, we build a new test of rational expectations based on the marginal distributions of realizations and subjective beliefs. This test is widely applicable, including in the common situation where realizations and beliefs are observed in two different data sets that cannot be matched. We show that whether one can rationalize rational expectations is equivalent to the distribution of realizations being a mean‐preserving spread of the distribution of beliefs. The null hypothesis can then be rewritten as a system of many moment inequality and equality constraints, for which tests have been recently developed in the literature. The test is robust to measurement errors under some restrictions and can be extended to account for aggregate shocks. Finally, we apply our methodology to test for rational expectations about future earnings. While individuals tend to be right on average about their future earnings, our test strongly rejects rational expectations.
Diversity Helps: Unsupervised Few-shot Learning via Distribution Shift-based Data Augmentation

Few-shot learning aims to learn a new concept when only a few training examples are available, which has been extensively explored in recent years. However, most of the current works heavily rely on a large-scale labeled auxiliary set to train their models in an episodic-training paradigm. Such a kind of supervised setting basically limits the widespread use of few-shot learning algorithms. Instead, in this paper, we develop a novel framework called Unsupervised Few-shot Learning via Distribution Shift-based Data Augmentation (ULDA), which pays attention to the distribution diversity inside each constructed pretext few-shot task when using data augmentation. Importantly, we highlight the value and importance of the distribution diversity in the augmentation-based pretext few-shot tasks, which can effectively alleviate the overfitting problem and make the few-shot model learn more robust feature representations. In ULDA, we systemically investigate the effects of different augmentation techniques and propose to strengthen the distribution diversity (or difference) between the query set and support set in each few-shot task, by augmenting these two sets diversely (i.e., distribution shifting). In this way, even incorporated with simple augmentation techniques (e.g., random crop, color jittering, or rotation), our ULDA can produce a significant improvement. In the experiments, few-shot models learned by ULDA can achieve superior generalization performance and obtain state-of-the-art results in a variety of established few-shot learning tasks on Omniglot and miniImageNet. The source code is available in this https URL.
Multi-Task Learning for Dense Prediction Tasks: A Survey

With the advent of deep learning, many dense prediction tasks, i.e., tasks that produce pixel-level predictions, have seen significant performance improvements. The typical approach is to learn these tasks in isolation, that is, a separate neural network is trained for each individual task. Yet, recent multi-task learning (MTL) techniques have shown promising results w.r. t. performance, computations and/or memory footprint, by jointly tackling multiple tasks through a learned shared representation. In this survey, we provide a well-rounded view on state-of-the-art deep learning approaches for MTL in computer vision, explicitly emphasizing on dense prediction tasks. Our contributions concern the following. First, we consider MTL from a network architecture point-of-view. We include an extensive overview and discuss the advantages/disadvantages of recent popular MTL models. Second, we examine various optimization methods to tackle the joint learning of multiple tasks. We summarize the qualitative elements of these works and explore their commonalities and differences. Finally, we provide an extensive experimental evaluation across a variety of dense prediction benchmarks to examine the pros and cons of the different methods, including both architectural and optimization based strategies.
Obesity and hormone‐dependent tumors: Cohort and co‐twin control studies based on the Swedish Twin Registry

Obesity increases the risk of certain cancer types, e.g., cancer of the endometrium, colon and gallbladder. For some other cancer forms, e.g., prostate cancer, the association is less clear. We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and hormone‐dependent tumors, utilizing a cohort of 21,884 Swedish twins born during 1886–1925. Information about BMI at different ages and potential confounding factors was collected prospectively. The Swedish Cancer Registry was used to identify cases of cancer in the prostate (n = 666), breast (n = 607), corpus uteri (n = 150) and ovary (n = 118) during 1969–1997. The material was analyzed as a traditional cohort and with co‐twin control analyses that allow for control of genetic influences. Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at baseline was positively associated with cancer in the corpus uteri [relative risk (RR) = 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.82–5.03], as was BMI at age 25, independently of BMI at baseline. Increased risk was also found for breast cancer but only in older women (≥70 years). Overweight at age 25 was associated with decreased risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.33–0.78). No association was found for prostate cancer. We conclude that age is an important effect modifier of cancer risk associated with obesity and that obesity and overweight in young adult life may affect cancer risk also later in life. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weed control in wheat.

Effective weed management is one of many critical components of successful wheat production. Weeds compete with wheat for light, nutrients, water, and space. Severe weed infestations can reduce wheat yields by at least 70% if left uncontrolled. Additionally, weeds can harbor deleterious insects and diseases and decrease harvest efficiency. The presence of weedy plant fragments may also reduce the food and feed value of wheat. These factors result in dockage and lower yields thereby reducing profits. Winter annual broadleaf weeds such as wild radish, common chickweed, and henbit; perennials such as wild garlic and curly dock; and Italian ryegrass are often the most problematic weeds in wheat. One of the best tools for suppressing weeds in wheat is a healthy, vigorous crop. Good crop management practices that result in rapid wheat stand establishment and canopy development minimize the effects of weeds. Cultural Control Methods Weeds are often effectively controlled using cultural practices that result in rapid wheat emergence and development. Recommended cultural practices include the following: 1) Planting certified seed (free of weed seeds and garlic bulblets) 2) Good seedbed preparation including free of emerged weeds at planting 3) Proper fertilization 4) Seeding at the proper rate and time 5) Management of diseases and insects Site selection also can play a significant role in weed management. Rotation away from fields infested with troublesome weed species, such as herbicide-resistant Italian ryegrass and wild radish, may reduce the presence of these weeds and allow for the use of alternative crops and control methods. Additionally, so as to prevent weed spread from field to field during harvest, equipment should be cleaned when moving from infested areas. This precaution can be of significant consequence in preventing or minimizing the introduction of new weed species into 'clean areas' when commercial combine operators who travel long distances are used for harvest. Before selecting herbicides, growers should know what weeds are present or expected to appear, the soil characteristics (such as texture and organic matter content), the capabilities and limitations of the various herbicides, and how best to apply each herbicide. Weed Mapping The first step in a weed management program is to identify the problem; this task is best accomplished by weed mapping. Surveys should be developed each spring to provide a written record of the species present and their population levels.
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dence of hepatic decompensation or HCC may not be reduced by the development of viral breakthrough. Second, patients in the antiplatelet group had a lower incidence of positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and older age than patients in the non-antiplatelet group, and it has been well established that positive HBeAg and older age are important risk factors for HCC development during antiviral therapy. Third, Child-Pugh class C patients were not excluded from the study. This seems unreasonable given that Child-Pugh class C patients were 0% in both groups and Child-Pugh class C became a risk factor in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Finally, the 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC was 5.2% in the non-antiplatelet group. Though not a head-to-head comparison, this figure is higher than the 5-year cumulative HCC incidence of 2.7%-3.7% in Japanese patients with hepatitis B virus who are taking antivirals. In addition, all types of malignancy have a severe impact on lifespan. Malignancies other than HCC developed in 2.6% and 4.8% of patients in the non-antiplatelet and antiplatelet groups, respectively. If pooled together, the 5-year cumulative incidence of all malignancies would be 7.8% in the nonantiplatelet group and 6.4% in the antiplatelet group; it is unknown whether a statistical difference still exists. Thus, the beneficial effect of reducing HCC or all malignancies through the use of antiviral and antiplatelet therapy in HBV patients is dubious, and further study is necessary.
Effect of Cell Concentrations of Four Strains of Rhizobacteriunl, Pseudomonas fluorescens on Hatching and Mortality of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Effect of four strains (Pf 1–12, Pf 1–20, Pf 2–1 and Pf-ws) of P. fluorescens using cell suspension concentrations (106, 107, 108, 109 and 1010 cells/ml) on the hatching and mortality of root-knot nematode, M. incognita was investigated in vitro. Results indicated that the bacterial cell concentrations of all the four strains significantly reduced hatching and increased mortality at each level of concentration compared to control (distilled water). However, strain Pf 2–1 caused relatively higher inhibition of hatching and higher mortality of second stage juveniles of M. incognita. After 72h, lowest hatching of 13.2% was observed at concentration of 1010 cells/ml. Similarly, the maximum mortality (49.8%) of second stage juveniles was observed after 72h at concentration of 1010 cells/ml. The reduced hatching and increased mortality of second stage juveniles of M. incognita were positively correlated with bacterial concentrations and exposure periods.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization on camelina seed yield, yield components, and downy mildew infection.

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has potential in aquaculture, livestock feed production, and the biofuel industry. It is necessary to determine the appropriate production technology for the newly introduced crop under different environmental conditions. The objective of this 2-year study was to measure the response of five camelina genotypes in terms of seed yield, yield components, and disease incidence to applied nitrogen (N) at multiple sites in the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada. The factorial experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design. The two factors were six N rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 N) and five genotypes of camelina (Calena, CDI002, CDI005, CDI007, and CDI008). The interactive effect of N rates and genotypes was considered. Results showed that camelina, which is usually considered a low-input crop, responded positively to increased applied N at rates up to 200 kg ha-1 N. Seed yield responded differently to applied N rates depending on genotype. Branch and pod development were decisive for seed yield. The advanced line CDI007 had the highest yield potential among the five genotypes. Downy mildew infection was positively correlated with applied N rates; however, seed yield was not significantly affected by downy mildew infection.
Rearrangement of the flagellar apparatuses and eyespots of isogametes during the fertilization of the marine green alga, Monostroma nitidum (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)

Behaviors of the flagellar apparatuses (flagella, basal bodies, microtubular roots, etc.), mating structures and eyespots of gametes during the fertilization of Monostroma nitidum were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The biflagellate isogamete (mt+ and mt−) mating structure has a position that is converse between mt+ and mt− gametes relative to the flagellar beat plane and the eyespot. After the adhesion of mt+ and mt− gametes, gamete fusion occurred between the two mating structures. The cell fusion plane expanded to the cell surface as circumscribed by 1s–2d roots in mt+ gamete and 1d–2s roots in the mt− gamete. Two sets of flagellar apparatuses lay side by side in the planozygote and soon become mutually close. The no. 1 basal body of mt+ gamete and the no. 2 basal body of mt− gamete rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed from the cell anterior. Then, the no. 2 basal body of mt+ gamete and the no. 1 basal body of mt− gamete slid into a face to face position. Finally, four flagella and basal bodies exhibited a cruciate arrangement. The basal bodies of the opposing pair (no. 1 and no. 2) were offset in a counterclockwise orientation by the basal body diameter. The 1s and 2d roots of the mt+ gamete lay nearly parallel to the 1d and 2s roots of the mt− gamete, respectively, at the cell fusion plane. Because of the asymmetric localization of the mating structure, association, and subsequent rearrangement of basal bodies and microtubular roots, two eyespots lay on the same side of the planozygote. After the settlement of the planozygote, the flagellar apparatus started to disintegrate in the zygote cytoplasm.
Growth dynamics in the rhizomatous herb Polygonatum verticillatum

Structure and growth of a population of the rhizomatous herb Polygonatum verticillatum have been studied in a broad-leaved forest site in Denmark by recording above-ground shoots within a permanent plot from 1974 to 1979, and by excavating and analysing the total rhizome system in 1979. Oldest living rhizome segment could be dated to 1957. The periods 1974-76 and 1977-79 differed in the level of activity of the system, indicated by higher values in the latter period of the following parameters: frequency of above-ground shoots and of rhizome segment formation from renewal and branch buds
Expression in Escherichia coli and Purification of Microbial Enzymes for the Production of Enzymatic Analytical Kits to Measure Relevant Metabolites

Aim: The present study describes the procedure for the isolation, cloning, expression and purification of eight different microbial enzymes required for the assembly of a comprehensive range of enzymatic test kits. Methodology: The genes encoding the enzymes were isolated through Polymerase Chain Reaction or synthesized In vitro and inserted into a variety of prokaryotic expression vectors. The resulting recombinant proteins were expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli cells and purified following different chromatographic approaches. The catalytic activity of each individual enzyme was determined. Results: Eight enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1; citrate synthase, EC 2.3.3.1; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.49; hexokinase, EC 2.7.1.2; L-malate Original Research Article Ponte et al.; JALSI, 2(1): 1-8, 2015; Article no.JALSI. 2015.001 2 dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.37; D-malate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.83; and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9) were engineered to contain a His6-tag, cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) strain, which was grown in auto-induced LB medium. Recombinant proteins expression, solubility and yields were analyzed. All recombinant proteins were expressed in soluble form with expression induction at 37°C, although the induction of expression of citrate synthase at 20°C resulted in higher levels of soluble protein. The recombinant proteins were captured by Immobilized Metal-Affinity Chromatography and polished by gel filtration. All proteins were purified from most E. coli contaminants (>95%) and were obtained at high concentrations (2-17 g/L). Specific activities varied from 2.1 to 1220 U/mg, depending on the enzyme. Conclusion: The methodology presented here is suitable for the expression and recovery of highly purified recombinant enzymes for the development of enzymatic analytical kits, with relevant agricultural, biomedical and industrial applications.
Genetic Structure and Variation of Wild Chinese Catfish from Huaihe River Based on Cytochrome b Gene Sequences

The Chinese Catfish Silurus asotus is a commercially valuable aquaculture fish in some regions of China and Japan,and it is widely distributed throughout the freshwater reservoirs,lakes and rivers of China. Due to overfishing,environmental pollution,water conservancy,human production activities and other causes, wild Chinese Catfish has declined rapidly. Its fishery resource has been gradually exhausted in the Huaihe River Basin in the past decades. In order to analyze the genetic structure and demographic history of S. asotus,the mitochondrial cytochrome b ( Cyt b) gene sequences were used in the study. The results showed that Cyt b gene sequence contained 841 bp nucleotides and the T,C,A and G contents were 28. 59% ,29. 55% ,27. 44% and 14. 42% ,respectively. A total of 40 nucleotide sites and 32 haplotypes were obtained from 121 individuals collected in 7 different regions,including Xinyang,Huaibin,Bengbu,Hongze Lake,Yinghe River,Pihe River and Chihe River. The average haplotype diversity ( h) and nucleotide diversity ( P i ) were 0. 884 8,0. 003 8,respectively,showing that there was a high level genetic diversity in the populations of S. asotus from Huaihe River basin. The AMOVA analysis ( total F st = 0. 115 0 ) and the level of N m values ( 3. 58 ) ,as well as the average K2-P distances ( 0. 002 - 0. 009 ) all revealed that the S. asotus had no obviously geographical differentiation. However,the phylogenetic tree estimated by neighbor-joining ( NJ) method indicated that the individuals of S. asotus formed two monophyletic lineages, and the two lineages were not correlated with geographical populations. Neutrality tests, mismatch distribution and network analysis suggested that this species underwent population expansion in the middle and late phase of middle Pleistocene following bottlenecks and / or they originated from a small number of founding individuals. The time that the total population of S. asotus expanded in the Huaihe River was estimated to be 0. 17 - 0. 29 million years ago.
Effect of Supplementing Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzyme Cocktail on Nutrient Utilization in Sheep Fed on Maize Stover Based Total Mixed Ration

In an experiment, 12 ram lambs (6-8 months; 20.34±2.369 kg body weight) were offered maize stover based total mixed ration (roughage : concentrate 50:50) either with or without exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE; 12800 cellulase and 12800 xylanase IU /g DM stover). The lambs were fed with respective diets for a preliminary period of 21 days followed by 7 days collection period. Supplementation of EFE had no significant effect on DM, OM, CP, EE and NFE digestibilities except for higher (P<0.05) CF digestibility. The fibre fraction digestibilities were comparable between the groups. Though insignificant, a 4% increase in DCP and TDN was observed upon EFE supplementation. The present study indicated an improvement in nutrient digestibility and nutritive value of TMR containing 50% maize stover with EFE supplementation, except CF digestibility. This indicated that either higher enzyme concentration was required or change in mode of enzyme application, requiring further investigations.
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classification of HVTT or the application of specific surgical techniques. Herein, we would like to raise the following concerns. First, one key factor affecting prognosis is the subclassification of HVTT. The researchers just categorized the HVTT into the peripheral HVTT (pHVTT) and the major HVTT (mHVTT) according to the radiological finding, but the definition of “peripheral” and “major” is quite robust and abstract so that it is difficult to imagine which one belongs to the pHVTT or the mHVTT. In spite of the good prognosis of liver resection for patients with HCC and HVTT in this nation-wide survey, patients with mHVTT had remarkably shorter recurrence-free survival time (0.88 vs. 2.36 years) and a greater proportion of distant metastasis (21.5% vs. 11.0%) than those with pHVTT had, as shown in Table 3 of this study. The ambiguous subclassification of HVTT usually makes it difficult for surgeons to select the optimal candidates for operation, so that we believe a clear subclassification of HVTT is necessary to make in the present study. Second, another key factor affecting the prognosis is the application of specialized surgical procedures in patients with HCC and HVTT. Previous studies had stated that the application of anatomical resection and anterior approach could decrease the probability of intrahepatic recurrence and distant metastasis. However, crucial information about the surgical techniques were not described in the present study. Therefore, we are very interested in whether the researchers can verify our hypothesis in the present study: whether the application of anatomical resection and anterior approach procedure can preclude the shedding of HVTT during operation and improve the prognosis, particularly reducing the distant metastasis. We believe that these further explorations can be made through mining of the existing data. If this hypothesis were proved to be true in this nation-wide study, it would undoubtedly be more meaningful and practical.
Seasonal Distributıon and Diversity of Epipelic Algae in Köprüçay River (Turkey/Antalya)

Benthic algae of Koprucay River have been collected monthly from seven stations in February 2008-January 2009. Epipelic algae was investigated four stations becouse of river bed mostly stony. Total 91 taxa was determined belong to Bacillariophyta (72), Chlorophyta (4), Cyanophyta (9) ve Charophyta (6) in epipelic habitat. Ochrophyta have dominanted with both species and number of individuals in the benthic. Frequency of occurrence and relative abundance of Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kutzing) Czarnecki, Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W. Smith, Gomphonema parvulum (Kutzing) Kutzing, Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, Cymatopleura solea (Brebisson) W. Smith, Cymbella affinis Kutzing, Diatoma vulgaris Bory, Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) P. Compere, Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W. Smith have been found high.