Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healing while parasitized: impact of a naturally‐occurring nematode during energy‐intensive wound‐healing in a beetle

The rigours of the daily lives of insects sometimes lead to minor injuries and wounds, which must be healed to avoid entry of pathogens and to resume normal function. Such healing requires energy, which must be diverted from other bodily reserves. What happens if energy reserves are already low, as would occur in individuals coping with internal parasites? This question is addressed in the presemt study, using horned passalus beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) and their naturally‐occurring nematode Chondronema passali. Oxygen consumption rates are tested at rest, as well as after an experimental wound is applied, to evaluate energy requirements of wound‐healing in parasitized and nonparasitized hosts. Furthermore, wound‐healing rates are visually tracked with a numerical scoring system to directly measure the cost of parasitism on healing. At rest, parasitized beetles show no elevation in respiration (oxygen consumption). After wounding, the oxygen consumption of parasitized beetles is 10% higher than that in nonparasitized beetles. Beetles with moderate‐ to heavy worm burdens have slower healing than those with few or no nematodes. These results show that this parasite carries little cost to the host during day‐to‐day activities, whereas, during times of immediate energy demand, there is a cost; hosts require more energy to repair wounds, and the wounds take longer to close. This conclusion leads to the question of whether this parasite is truly benign, and how many other apparently benign parasites, in insects or other animals, have similar ‘hidden’ effects.
Surveying Brain Tumor Heterogeneity by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Multi-sector Biopsies

Brain tumors are among the most challenging human tumors for which the mechanisms driving progression and heterogeneity remain poorly understood. We combined single-cell RNA-seq with multisector biopsies to sample and analyze single-cell expression profiles of gliomas from 13 Chinese patients. After classifying individual cells, we generated a spatial and temporal landscape of glioma that revealed the patterns of invasion between the different sub-regions of gliomas. We also used single-cell inferred CNVs and pseudotime trajectories to inform on the crucial branches that dominate tumor progression. The dynamic cell components of the multi-region biopsy analysis allowed us to spatially deconvolute with unprecedented accuracy the transcriptomic features of the core and those of the periphery of glioma at single cell level. Through this rich and geographically detailed dataset, we were also able to characterize and construct the chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions that exist among different tumor and non-tumor cells. This study provides the first spatial-level analysis of the cellular states that characterize human gliomas. It also presents an initial molecular map of the cross-talks between glioma cells and the surrounding microenvironment with single cell resolution.
A rule-based model for Seoul Bike sharing demand prediction using weather data

ABSTRACT This research paper presents a rule-based regression predictive model for bike sharing demand prediction. In recent days, Pubic rental bike sharing is becoming popular because of is increased comfortableness and environmental sustainability. Data used include Seoul Bike and Capital Bikeshare program data. Both data have weather data associated with it for each hour. For both the dataset, five statistical models were trained with optimized hyperparameters using a repeated cross validation approach and testing set is used for evaluation: (a) CUBIST (b) Regularized Random Forest (c) Classification and Regression Trees (d) K Nearest Neighbour (e) Conditional Inference Tree. Multiple evaluation indices such as R2, Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and Coefficient of Variation were used to measure the prediction performance of the regression models. The results show that the rule-based model CUBIST was able to explain about 95 and 89% of the Variance (R2) in the testing set of Seoul Bike data and Capital Bikeshare program data respectively. An analysis with variable importance was carried to analyse the most significant variables for all the models developed with the two datasets considered. The variable importance results have shown that Temperature and Hour of the day are the most influential variables in the hourly rental bike demand prediction.
Clinico-pathological profile of ovarian cysts in a tertiary care hospital

Ovarian cysts though mostly benign pose a diagnostic dilemma to the gynaecologist as well as to the pathologist. Ovarian cysts are seen in all age groups, and are subdivided in physiological and pathological cysts. They can be solid, cystic or can have both solid and cystic components. Physiological cysts are mainly follicular and luteal cysts. Pathological cysts can be benign, borderline or intermediate grade and malignant in nature. Benign ovarian cysts are the fourth leading gynaecological cause of hospital admissions and, ovarian malignancies constitute the sixth leading cause of cancer in women and the fourth common cause of cancer related death in females. Until these lesions attain a large size or cause signs and symptoms, they escape detection. Preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cysts largely depends on clinical examination, radiological imaging and tumour markers. However, sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian cysts. A thorough histopathological examination is therefore necessary to confirm the nature of the ovarian cysts.
A Correlational Analysis of Shuttlecock Speed Kinematic Determinants in the Badminton Jump Smash

The forehand jump smash is an essential attacking stroke within a badminton player’s repertoire. A key determinate of the stroke’s effectiveness is post-impact shuttlecock speed, and therefore awareness of critical technique factors that impact upon speed is important to players/coaches. Three-dimensional kinematic data of player, racket and shuttlecock were recorded for 18 experienced players performing maximal effort forehand jump smashes. Joint angles and X-factor (transverse plane pelvis-thorax separation) were calculated at key instants: preparation, end of retraction, racket lowest point, turning point and shuttlecock contact. Peak shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint centre linear velocities, phase durations and jump height were also calculated. Correlational analyses were performed with post-impact shuttlecock speed, revealing significant correlations to peak wrist joint centre linear velocity (r = 0.767), acceleration phase duration (r = −0.543), shoulder internal/external rotation angle at shuttlecock contact (r = 0.508) and X-factor at the end of retraction (r = −0.484). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed 43.7% of the variance in shuttlecock speed could be explained by acceleration phase duration and X-factor at the end of retraction, where shorter acceleration phase durations and more negative X-factor at end of retraction caused greater shuttlecock speeds. These results suggest that motions of the proximal segments (shoulder and pelvis−thorax separation) are critical to developing greater distal linear velocities, which subsequently lead to greater post-impact shuttlecock speed.
Wake Structures and Surface Patterns of the DrivAer Notchback Car Model under Side Wind Conditions

The flow field topology of passenger cars considerably changes under side wind conditions. This changes the surface pressure, aerodynamic force, and drag and performance of a vehicle. In this study, the flow field of a generic passenger vehicle is investigated based on three different side wind angles. The study aimed to identify vortical structures causing changes in the rear pressure distribution. The notchback section of the DrivAer model is evaluated on a scale of 1:4. The wind tunnel tests are conducted in a closed section with a splitter plate at a Reynolds number of 3 million. The side wind angles are 0 ∘ , 5 ∘ , and 10 ∘ . The three-dimensional and time-averaged flow field downstream direction of the model is captured by a stereoscopic particle image velocimetry system performed at several measurement planes. These flow field data are complemented by surface flow visualizations performed on the entire model. The combined approaches provide a comprehensive insight into the flow field at the frontal and side wind inflows. The flow without side wind is almost symmetrical. Longitudinal vortices are evident along the downstream direction of the A-pillar, the C-pillars, the middle part of the rear window, and the base surface. In addition, there is a ring vortex downstream of the vehicle base. The side wind completely changes the flow field. The asymmetric topology is dominated by the windward C-pillar vortex, the leeward A-pillar vortex, and other base vortices. Based on the location of the vortices and the pressure distributions measured in earlier studies, it can be concluded that the vortices identified in the wake are responsible for the local minima of pressure, increasing the vehicle drag.
Stretching Induces Overexpression of RhoA and Rac1 GTPases in Breast Cancer Cells

Rho GTPases are well known for regulating cell morphology and intracellular interactions. They can either be oncogenic or tumor suppressors. However, these proteins are associated with the acquirement of malignant features by cancer cells. It has been reported that the overexpression of protein markers of Rho family members such as RhoA and Rac1 is linked with carcinogenesis and the progression of a variety of human tumors. In this paper, the expression of RhoA and Rac1 activity in various types of breast cancers cell lines is evaluated. These cells are preconditioned by mechanically stretching them to simulate the extracellular physical forces placed upon on cancer cells. It is observed that stretching the cancer cells induces significantly higher expression of RhoA and Rac1 markers when compared to non‐stretched cells and stretched control cells in vitro. This stretching strategy helps to detect and quantify the signal when it is too weak to be detected. Furthermore, stretching enhances the assay by leading to overexpression of markers and makes the assay more sensitive. It is hypothesized that this inexpensive and relatively sensitive assay can potentially aid in the development of a diagnostic tool for cancer screening.
Achievement of weight loss in patients with overweight during dietetic treatment: an observational study in primary healthcare.

Introduction Dietitians are the preferred primary health care professionals for nutritional care in overweight patients. Guidelines for dietitians recommend a weight reduction of � 5% of initial body weight after one year of treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate weight change in patients with overweight who were treated by dietitians in Dutch primary health care, and to identify patient characteristics that were associated with it. Materials and methods This observational study data was based on real life practice data of patients with overweight during the period 2013–2017, derived from dietetic practices that participated in the Nivel Primary Care Database. Multilevel linear regression analyses were performed to investigate weight change after dietetic treatment and to explore associations with patient characteristics. Results In total, data were evaluated from 56 dietetic practices and 4722 patients with a body mass index (BMI) � 25 kg/m2 . The mean treatment time was 3 hours within an average timeframe of 5 months. Overall, patients had a mean weight change of -3.5% (95% CI: -3.8; -3.1) of their initial body weight, and a quarter of the patients reached a weight loss of 5% or more, despite the fact that most patients did not meet the recommended treatment duration of at least one year. The mean BMI change was -1.1 kg/m2 (95% CI: -1.2; -1.0). Higher weight reductions were shown for patients with a higher initial BMI and for patients with a longer treatment time. Sex and age were not associated with weight change, and patients with other dietetic diagnoses, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, had lower weight reductions. Conclusions This study showed that dietetic treatment in primary health care coincided with modest weight reduction in patients with overweight. The weight loss goals were not reached for most patients, which was possibly due to a low treatment adherence.
Overcoming Barriers and Finding Strengths: The Lives of Single Mother Students in University

The impetus for this study came from my own history of being a single mother while completing my undergraduate degree and the struggles that entailed. The research uncovers both the barriers and facilitators experienced by single mothers in undergraduate programs in a Canadian context and utilizes a framework of access and equity in education. The coparticipants belonged to diverse social and political identities in terms of age, race and ethnicity, sexuality, (dis)ability, and countries of birth. All the women attended universities in Southern Ontario. Twenty-five women agreed to be interviewed in either a group or individual interview. Co-participants were encouraged to contribute to the design and analysis of the study wherever possible. Previous research based in the United States conceptualized single mother students as social assistance recipients and explored their difficulties within this context. This study suggests using a wider lens to include other experiences identified by co-participants and the literature review. The study locates barriers both within the university as well as in the larger society such as interpersonal violence, stress, financial insecurity, racism and other forms of discrimination. However, it also identifies supports and strengths single mothers encountered such as family, friends, children as motivation, professors, on-campus supports, and critical pedagogy, all of
Does case marking affect agreement attraction in comprehension?

Previous studies have suggested that distinctive case marking on noun phrases reduces attraction effects in production, i.e., the tendency to produce a verb that agrees with a nonsubject noun. An important open question is whether attraction effects are modulated by case information in sentence comprehension. To address this question, we conducted three attraction experiments in Armenian, a language with a rich and productive case system. The experiments showed clear attraction effects, and they also revealed an overall role of case marking such that participants showed faster response and reading times when the nouns in the sentence had different case. However, we found little indication that distinctive case marking modulated attraction effects. We present a theoretical proposal of how case and number information may be used differentially during agreement licensing in comprehension. More generally, this work sheds light on the nature of the retrieval cues deployed when completing morphosyntactic dependencies.
BRAIN MAPPING ALTERATIONS IN STRABISMUS

Congenital strabismus affects 3% of world population. Millions of persons suffer this condition, but still its origin or the reasons why not all patients respond to the traditional treatment are unknown. No long ago, it was believed that congenital strabismus had no relation with cortical alterations; therefore, neuroimaging studies were only required when strabismus was present in premature infants or when brain damage was suspected. A preliminary study on strabismal patients in 2004 provided some insight into the incidence of the different presentations of strabismus in our institution, as well as the correlation among the various clinical signs. Based on this experience we decided to enlarge our sample. Using conventional EEG and digitized brain mapping (DBM) methods, we analyzed 195 young patients with clinical diagnosis of congenital strabismus, 111 females (56.92%) and 84 males (43.08%); the age range was from 2 to 14 years. The DBM approach was done in real time. Given its low cost, security and availability, DBM turned to be a useful tool to evince some alterations in cerebral cortex related to congenital strabismus, especially dissociated strabismus. We also employed complementary neuroimaging methods for research purposes. From 195 DBM images, 56.41% exhibited various neuroelectric alterations, whereas 43.59% were considered normal. Abnormal DBM were more frequent in the dissociated strabismus group (64.95%) than in non-dissociated strabismus patients (42.6%); the rate of altered DBM images was higher in horizontal dissociated deviation cases (73.3%). Based on these findings, we recommend the use of DBM in patients with dissociated strabismus, and in some cases the treatment must go beyond surgery and glasses. Some of our patients were subjected of different neuroimaging methods, such as single Photon emission tomography (SPECT), electrooculograpy (EOG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), granulometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMRS) with the aim of correlating this data and gain further understanding on the origin of congenital strabismus, particularly dissociated strabismus cases. This chapter addresses aspects of congenital strabismus, as well as some of its cortical implications –neuroelectric, neurometabolic and morphometric.
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) levels in leprosy patients with positive serology

Background Seropositive leprosy individuals have a tendency to experience a change into leprosy lepromatous type. Previous studies have demonstrated that the activity of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in patients with lepromatous type leprosy is higher than those with tuberculoid type leprosy. However, no study has been available showing how IDO level can be correlated to seropositive subjects. Methods Our observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Brebes, Central Java, Indonesia. Leprosy seropositivity was determined by measuring the level of anti-phenolic glycolipid-1 IgM and IDO level using ELISA. Results Result of The IDO level in seropositive leprosy subjects was higher compared to those who were seronegative (p = 0.048). Conclusion In the early stage of leprosy infection, a high level of IDO level can already be found; therefore, it can affect immune response and ultimately affecting further course of the disease .
An Audit of Menus in Three Hospitals in Wales against the All Wales Nutrition and Catering Standards for Food and Fluid Provision for Hospital Inpatients

Background: Welsh Government standards for hospital food aim to ensure good nutritional care as part of a strategy to address malnutrition in hospitals in Wales. Methods: An audit of food provision in three hospitals in Wales with differing food service systems against Welsh Government standards, using menu and nutritional analysis. Results: On average, the hospitals audited were compliant with 69% (range 64–74) of standards assessed. Compliance was greater in hospitals where a registered dietitian had conducted nutritional analysis of the menu at the planning stage and where an in-house food production method was used. The energy content of menus was generally acceptable, but there were exceptions including for soup and desserts. The range in protein content of main meals was large and protein content was too low in some instances, particularly for vegetarian meals. Patient choice for first course items was below the standard in all hospitals and for main meals was overall sufficient, although not consistently for vegetarian meals. Missing data limited the assessment of some audit criteria. Conclusions: No hospital audited was fully compliant with the standards assessed and more can be done to improve hospital food services in Wales to bring them in line with Welsh Government standards and help to address malnutrition. A multidisciplinary approach, including a registered dietitian, is recommended.
Proteome overabundance enables respiration but limitation onsets carbon overflow

Central carbon metabolism produces energy and precursor metabolites for biomass in heterotrophs. Carbon overflow yields metabolic byproducts and, here, we examined its dependency on nutrient and growth using the unicellular eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We performed quantitative proteomics analysis together with metabolic modeling and found that proteome overabundance enabled respiration, and variation in energy efficiency caused distinct composition of biomass at different carbon to nitrogen ratio and growth rate. Our results showed that ceullar resource allocation for ribosomes was determinative of growth rate, but energy constrains on protein synthesis incepted carbon overflow by prioritizing abundance of ribosomes and glycolysis over mitochondria. We proved that glycolytic efficiency affected energy metabolism by making a trade-off between low and high energy production pathways. Finally, we summarized cellular energy budget underlying nutrient-responsive and growth rate-dependent carbon overflow, and suggested implications of results for bioprocesses and pathways relevant in cancer metabolism in humans.
Modification of Interfacial Interactions in Ceramic-Polymer Nanocomposites by Grafting: Morphology and Properties for Powder Injection Molding and Additive Manufacturing

The adhesion of the polymer to ceramic nanoparticles is a key aspect in the manufacturing of ceramic parts by additive manufacturing and injection molding, due to poor separation results in separation during processing. The purpose of this research is to investigate, by means of molecular dynamics simulations and experimental methods, the role of improved interfacial interactions by acrylic acid grafting-high density polyethylene on the adhesion to zirconia nanoparticles and on the composite properties. The polymer grafting results in high adhesion to the nanoparticles, increases the nanoparticles dispersion and improves the viscoelastic and mechanical properties required for additive manufacturing and injection molding.
The Identification, Recovery, and Reintegration of Victims of Child Trafficking within ASEAN: An Exploratory Study of Knowledge Gaps and Emerging Challenges

ABSTRACT Child trafficking is a critical public health and human rights issue within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Efforts to ensure the timely identification, successful recovery, and safe and sustainable reintegration of children within the ASEAN have been codified in a number of legal obligations at both the international and regional levels, as well as within non-binding guidelines. However, little research has focused on the extent to which these commitments have translated into the effective identification, recovery, and reintegration for child victims. The present exploratory study included semi-structured key informant interviews (N = 248) with representatives of the United Nations (UN), governmental agencies, and international and domestic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in three ASEAN nations with a history of child trafficking: Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic [Lao PDR], and Thailand. The interview data were analyzed and synthesized in order to identify current trends, knowledge gaps, and emerging challenges pertaining to the identification, successful recovery, and safe and sustainable reintegration of victims of child trafficking. Findings indicate that despite some noteworthy successes, the commitments that have been made in mandates and guidelines seldom translate into tangible actions. The majority of victims are not being formally identified, survivors rarely receive the psychosocial services that are outlined in international and regional guidelines, and safe and sustainable reintegration efforts often insufficiently address issues related to social inclusion, economic empowerment, and access to viable job opportunities to enable victims to reestablish their lives and prevent re-trafficking.