Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collateral Risk, Information Sensitivity, and Default Frictions on Collateralized Debt

We develop a theory of collateralized debt that emphasizes collateral risk, incentives to acquire information about collateral, and opportunistic default to study the determinants of the loan size, interest rates, and haircuts. The model predicts that safe assets are traded without haircuts and that risky collateral tends to be associated with higher interest rates and haircuts and with a smaller loan size. When both interest rates and haircuts exist, there is a substitution effect between interest rates and haircuts, keeping all other factors constant. The model also provides new perspectives on the effects of an increase in collateral risk.
The Financial Drivers of Populism in Europe

This paper argues that the financial crisis was a watershed in the burst of populism both on the demand side (voters behaviour) and on the supply side (political parties behaviour). On the demand side, we provide novel results on the causal effect of the financial crisis on trust, turnout and voting choices via its effects on voters economic insecurity. Economic insecurity peaks during the financial crisis and extends to segments of the population untouched by the globalization and robotization shocks. To establish causality, we use a pseudo-panel analysis and instrument the economic insecurity of different cohorts leveraging on a new methodology designed to highlight the different sensitivity to financial constraints for people in different occupations. On the supply side, we trace from manifestos the policy positions of old and new parties showing that the supply of populism had the largest jump right after the financial crisis. The size of the jump is largest in countries with low fiscal space and for parties on the left of the political spectrum. We provide a formal rationalization for the key role of fiscal space, showing how the pre-financial crisis shocks enter the picture as sources of a shrinking fiscal space.
Preliminary study on biosynthesis and characterization of bacteria cellulose films from coconut water

Bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum is a unique type of bacterial cellulose. It contains more than 90% of water. A preliminary study had shown that bacterial cellulose films has remarkable mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum condition such as percentage of carbon source, time of cultivation, and pH to produce bacterial cellulose films from local coconut water, and its characterization on morphology, swelling ability and tensile strength of dried bacterial cellulose. A. xylinum was grown on coconut water culture medium with addition of 3%, 5%, and 7% of sugar, while the cultivation time was vary from 3 days, 5 days and 7 days. pH condition was conducted in pH 3, pH 5 and pH 7. Bacterial cellulose samples were dried using oven with temperature of 100°C until the moisture content reached 4-5%. This study showed that several parameters for optimum condition to produce bacterial cellulose films from local waste of coconut water had been obtained (5% of carbon source; pH 5; and 7 day of incubation period). The electron microscopy also showed that dried bacterial cellulose films had pores covered by fibrils on the surface. Therefore, the present work proposes the optimum formula and condition that can be used based on properties of end product needed.
Chemical Reactor Modeling of Oxy–Fuel Combustion Chamber for Semiclosed Combined Cycle

This paper compares standard gas turbine combustion chambers and CO2-diluted oxy–fuel combustion chambers for a semiclosed combined cycle at a preliminary design level. To this end, simple chemical reactor networks, based on the well-stirred reactor plus plug flow reactor scheme, are analyzed using the Cantera package and the GRI 3.0 chemical kinetics mechanism. The focus is put on the CO consumption process and the final CO concentration. The behavior of this model suggests the use of the adiabatic equilibrium temperature to characterize the composition at any station inside the chamber and the incipient lean blow-out equilibrium temperature to fix the well-stirred reactor volume. This model is applied to a feasible design point of a power production cycle (combustion exit temperature 1600 K, combustion pressure 30 bar). The fuel is a natural gas with an 87% by volume CH4 content, the ASU stream is a 95% O2 gas, and the recirculated gas is an 82% CO2 gas. The residence times required for CO burnout are a.
The Role of E-Marketing and E-Crm on E-Loyalty of Indonesian Companies During Covid Pandemic and Digital Era

The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of e-Marketing, e-CRM and e-Marketing on e-Loyalty and company performance. The study is quantitative with a questionnaire approach. Data processing tools use the SmartPLS 3.3. 3 software. The primary data collection method was by distributing online questionnaires through online surveys to 286 managers of non-e-commerce companies during covid pandemic and digital era. The regression test results show the e-Marketing has a significant effect on Company Performance, e-CRM has significant effect on Company Performance, e-Marketing has no significant effect on e-Loyalty, e-CRM has no significant effect on e-Loyalty), e-Loyalty has no significant effect on Company Performance, e-CRM has no significant effect on business sustainability through e-Loyalty. Finally, e-Marketing has no significant effect on Company Performance through e-Loyalty. That means e-marketing and e-CRM have a relationship and influence on e-loyalty both individually and simultaneously.
Laser-Induced Nanostructures on Titanium Surfaces Ensure Osseointegration of Implants in Rabbit Femora

The lifetime of orthopedic prostheses is determined i.a. by the quality of their osseous fixation. Numerous surface modification techniques have been developed to improve the ingrowth of implants into the surrounding bone. These strategies aim at an increase of surface area to allow for an enhanced osseointegration, i.e. a functional connection between bone and implant. In the present study, a laser-based nanostructuring technique has been able to generate real nanostructures with cavities between 20-30 nm on cylindrical titanium alumina vanadium (TiAl6V4) alloy implants either coated with titanium niobium nitride (TiNbN) or titanium plasma spray (TPS) which were implanted into rabbit femora. In general, all implants appeared to be osseointegrated and well anchored in the bone. There were no differences in the pull-out forces applied to the untreated in comparison to the laser-irradiated implants. On the TPS cylinders obvious abrasive marks were left following the process of im- and explantation. However, the laser-induced nanostructures seemed to be resistant to damage. TPS-coated implants appeared to be more tightly anchored in the bone than TiNbN-coated cylinders in terms of bone-to-implant contact (BIC). There also were no differences in the bone / tissue volume ratio when comparing untreated to laser-irradiated implants. Taken together, nanostructured titanium surfaces are biocompatible and ensure a bony ingrowth. Nonetheless, the presence of nanostructures apparently has no further influence on the fixation of the implants in rabbit femora. Consequently, the optimal surface roughness as well the size and pattern of micro- and nanostructures of implants still requires further investigation.
Impact of Spherulite-Type Crystalline Defects on the Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of TiCuZrPd Metallic Glasses

One of the limitations to the use of certain bulk metallic glasses is related to the formation of crystalline zones or defects, often called “spherulites”, during the casting process. In the case of Ti 40 Zr 10 Cu 36 Pd 14 (at.%) metallic glass, which is a candidate for biomedical applications, spherulites of diameter up to few hundreds of microns were previously reported, but their crystallographic features and their role in the mechanical behavior and the corrosion resistance remain to be determined.In this work, a detailed description of the microstructure of spherulites is provided. Tensile, compression and fatigue tests were carried out. In addition, corrosion behavior was studied by global and local electrochemical measurements. The spherulites have a deleterious effect on the tensile and fatigue strength of the alloy, even if it retains properties that are far superior to conventional crystalline materials. The electrochemical studies do not show any difference in potential between the spherulite and the amorphous matrix, which indicates that the presence of spherulites is probably not the direct cause of the pitting phenomenon observed, which is unfortunately a clear drawback of this alloy when considering implants.
Roles of PGS/PCL Scaffold in Promoting Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Into Retinal Ganglion Cells

Stem cell-based therapeutic approaches have opened promising avenues to restoring vision in progressive optic neuropathies, including glaucomatous, and as such, the stem cell-based retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) replacement therapy offers a potential to replace degenerated RGCs and promote RGC axon regeneration. However, challenges associated with the successful generation of clinically safe and functional RGCs, which can appropriately integrate into the hosts’ retinas still remain unresolved. The use of polymeric tissue-supporting scaffolds is a known and tested solution to enhance the efficiency of cell delivery and differentiation process due to providing an appropriate physical environment and structural support, however, for RGC generation their application has been far from conclusive. Our study aims, firstly, to reveal a process that enables generation of RGCs from human embryonic stem cells (<i>h</i>ESCs) that is simple, straightforward and repeatable and, secondly, to show the influence of the aligned poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold on this differentiation process. Our findings demonstrate that PGS/PCL scaffold promotes differentiation of <i>h</i>ESCs into RGCs, possibly, by simulating cells active environmental signalling, as well as, by supporting the growth of RGCs neurites along their lengths.
Wake-Induced Vibrations of Tandem Circular Cylinders of Different Diameters

Wake-induced vibrations (WIV) of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement of different diameters (larger downstream cylinder) has been analyzed in the present work. The ratio of the diameter of first cylinder to that of the second cylinder (D<sub>1</sub>/D<sub>2</sub>) is kept constant at 0.8. The cylinder centers are separated by a distance S (= 5D<sub>1</sub>). The computations were carried out at Reynolds number (Re) = 100 over a range of reduced speed (U*). The fluid was assumed to be incompressible and flow to be two-dimensional. The flow equations were discretized using stabilized finite-element method and solved iteratively by Generalized Minimal RESidual (GMRES) technique. In the present work, the upstream cylinder is kept stationary while the downstream cylinder is allowed to traverse only across the flow. The observations focus the response, aerodynamic coefficients and flow features.
Enhanced catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and congo red dye By silver nanoparticles prepared from Azadirachta indica leaf extract under direct sunlight exposure

ABSTRACT The manuscript reports an efficient approach for the synthesis of biogenic silver (Ag) nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated reduction of silver nitrate under solar radiation at mild temperature conditions for nanoparticles (NPs) preparation. Spectroscopic and electron microscopic characterization studies revealed the formation of stable and monodisperse Ag NPs with sharp absorption band at 438 nm and average diameter of 10–15 nm. Catalytic potential of the NPs was descriptively investigated for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in alkaline medium. Apparent rate constant () values were determined to be 0.014, 0.0238, 0.0338, 0.063, and 0.0794 at 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, and 50 µL Ag NPs volume, respectively, thereby depicting linear relationship between the variables under study. Catalytic reduction of Congo red dye was achieved within 2 h, thus validating the efficacy of Ag NPs as a photocatalyst. The NPs also exhibited linear increment in antibacterial activity on cultured Escherichia coli plates with increasing volumes. These catalytic capabilities firmly advocate the applications of Ag NPs in purification of polluted water by the removal of toxic and contaminant materials and harmful/pathogenic bacteria.
Bioactive profiling of polyphenolics and oenological properties of red wines from Italian grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated in a selected subtropical region

ABSTRACT The polyphenolic and oenological properties were evaluated in red wines from Italian varieties Ancellotta, Rebo, Nebbiolo, Barbera and Teroldego cultivated in a selected subtropical region. Ancellotta wines showed the highest concentrations of phenolics, particularly flavanols, flavonols and anthocyanins 3-O-glycosides. Grape variety rather than vintage had stronger influence on polyphenols. Wines from vintage 2012 showed the highest antioxidant activity and highest concentrations of polyphenols, mainly Ancellotta and Teroldego wines. The wines showed similar phenolic profile regarding the presence of phenolics, whereas their concentrations varied greatly among varieties and vintages. The results demonstrated good adaptability of these varieties and their potential to produce quality wines.
Physical Characterization of Natural Pozzolanas for Their Improvement and Use in Construction

This research work deals with the physical characterization of the black pozzolanas, brown pozzolanas and black volcanic ashes. The results showed that the black volcanic ash sands with dimension less than or equal to 5 mm are classified as lightweight, fine, clean, gap-graded and poorly graded materials; Their use as sands for quality concrete needs correction by addition to them of coarser sands. The black pozzolana sands with dimension less than or equal to 5 mm are classified as lightweight, very clean, gapgraded and well-graded and coarser materials; Their use as sands for quality concrete needs correction by addition to them of finer sands. The brown pozzolana sands with dimension less than or equal to 5 mm are classified as lightweight, very clean, gap-graded and poorly-graded and coarser materials; Their use as sands for quality concrete needs correction by addition to them of finer sands. The black pozzolana gravels and the brown pozzolana gravels with dimension between 5 and 20 mm, the black pozzolanas and the brown pozzolanas with dimension greater than 20 mm are classified as lightweight and uniform materials. These latest materials could be used as foundation materials for buildings as well as base and foundation layers for roads, and the gravels used with sand to manufacture concrete and concrete blocks.
Atomic-Scale Insight into the Reversibility of Polar Order in Ultrathin Epitaxial Nb:SrTiO 3/BaTiO 3 Heterostructure and Its Implication to Resistive Switching

Ferroelectric heterostructures with bi-stable state of polarization are appealing for data storage as well as tunable functionalities such as memristor behavior. While an increasing number of experimental and theoretical studies suggest that polarization persists in ultrathin epitaxial heterostructures approaching just a couple of unit cells, the switching of such polar order is much less well understood, and whether polarization can be reversed in ultrathin ferroelectric heterostructures remains to be answered. Here we fabricate high-quality 7-unit cell thick BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (BTO) films on Nb-doped single crystalline SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (NSTO) substrate, and demonstrate their apparent yet unambiguously false polarization reversal due to charge injection using comprehensive piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) studies. The presence of weak polar order consistent with linear piezoelectricity is confirmed at the atomic scale by high resolution integrated differential phase contrast (IDPC) of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as macroscopic second harmonic generation (SHG), while the lack of polarization reversal under the voltage applied is supported by density functional theory calculation showing the persistence of dead layer on the surface. Nevertheless, poling-induced electric conduction differing by two orders of magnitude is observed, demonstrating resistive switching in ferroelectric heterostructure in the absence of polarization reversal, even with weak polar order. Our finding has technological implications on emerging memristor applications with potentially more accessible states than bi-stable polarization modulated mechanism, and raises technical challenges to unambiguously demonstrate polarization switching in ultrathin films at their critical size limit.
Accounting for temperature and local structure in atomistic calculations of interface free energies in metals

Interfaces are ubiquitous in crystalline materials and they predominantly govern the properties of metals at nanoscale. Free energy is the most significant characteristic of an interface that determines its behavior and other properties. However, interfaces have an internal structure with nanoscale features that gives the interface free energy, a location dependent variation. The interface free energy is also expected to depend on temperature, especially for entropy stabilized phases such as liquids. I present methods for calculating location-dependent energies for solid-state interfaces and temperature-dependent free energies for solid/liquid interfaces using atomistic models. I demonstrate these methods on CuNbHe and AlGa models due to the importance of locationand temperature-dependence of interface energies in these systems. My analysis sheds light on interfacial He precipitation in CuNb composites and on Ga permeation through grain boundaries (GB) in Al. Based on the Gibbsian definition of excess interface energy, I develop a method to compute location dependent energy of solid/solid interface from atomic level energies and apply it to characterize four different Cu/Nb interfaces and several GBs of Al. The solid-state interface energies are indeed location-dependent and vary at the length scale of few nanometers. For any particular interface, the variation in the energies spans a range of ś100% of its average energy. The higher energy regions correspond to the underlying misfit dislocation network of the semicoherent interfaces. I compute the stress of solid/liquid interface from capillary pressure of the interface using the Young-Laplace equation and then derive its free energy. Applying this method to Cu/He and Nb/He interfaces, I find that these interface energies are dependent on He pressure and interface curvature but not explicitly on temperature. I fit analytical expressions for these interface free energies and study the impact of their curvature dependence on He cluster growth. For instance, the incorporation of curvature dependence of metal-He interface free energies accounts for a decrease of up to 1GPa in the pressure required to punch out a dislocation from the bubble into the
The CSR Supply Chain Risk Management Hypothesis Evidence from the Suez Canal Ever Given Obstruction

We investigate whether Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities help reduce supply chain disruption risks thanks to supply source diversification strategy-building. The Suez Canal obstruction in March 2021 by the Ever Given container ship provides the empirical setup to identify firms exposed to supply management shocks. The intensity of firms’ CSR activities is recorded in the Refinitiv Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) database for a sample of 299 European listed firms. During the first three days of the Ever Given grounding, the portfolio of firms in the lowest quantile of ESG scores experienced negative and statistically significant Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs), in contrast with a portfolio made up of firms in the corresponding highest quintile. This result is consistent with CSR-active firms being less exposed to supply chain disruption risks. Robustness checks (day-by-day abnormal returns, disaggregated ESG scores, sector-specific analyses) and cross-sectional regressions controlling for confounding effects (firm size, valuation, and stock volatility) bring additional support to this interpretation.
The Effect of Debt to Asset Ratio, Return on Equity, and Current Ratio on Stock Prices of Pharmaceutical Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2019 Period

This research aims to determine: The influence of Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), and Return on Equity (ROE) either partially or simultaneously on Stock Price of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2016-2019 period. Data were taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website. Analysis prerequisite test including normality test, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. Data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical results also show that the current ratio (X1) and return on equity (X3) partially have a positive and significant effect on stock prices (Y). Debt to asset ratio (X2) partially does not have a significant effect on stock prices (Y). Simultaneously current ratio (X1), debt to asset ratio (X2), and return on equity (X3) have a positive and significant effect on stock prices (Y).
The Effect of Work Schedule Control on Volunteering Among Early Career Employees

Recent trends in the labor market see increasing numbers of workers having to deal with "schedule precarity" including volatile hours, rotating shift work, unpredictable work hours and lack of choice on the part of the employee. These trends are of concern to those interested in fostering levels of civic engagement because they potentially limit volunteering. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) containing information on work schedules in 2011 and 2013 among employees to determine the effect of changes in work schedules on becoming a volunteer using transition regressions. We investigate interactions between work schedule measures and pay structure because workers paid by the hour have lower volunteer rates than salaried workers. The study finds that, while three of the schedule dimensions are unrelated to volunteering, transitioning towards more schedule control has a positive effect on volunteering. However, interaction analysis shows this positive effect is confined to salaried workers whereas for hourly paid workers the effect is negative. The results support the idea that having more freedom to set one's work schedule reduces work-life conflict but suggest that this positive effect is limited to those who can take advantage of it.
Corruption and CSR: New Evidence from China’s Anti-Corruption Campaign

The general intuition is that corporate corruption, as a violation of legal and ethical principles, is contrary to corporate social responsibility (CSR), which signifies firms’ willingness to do the right things. However, we find evidence of the opposite in China—corruption positively influences CSR performance. Using a difference-in-differences model that exploits China’s 2012 anti-corruption campaign as a shock, we find that an exogenous decrease in corruption leads to a reduction in CSR performance. Further triple difference estimations suggest that the reduction in CSR performance is more pronounced when firms have high-political-ranking and high-compensated managers. We offer novel evidence that CSR in China is a window-dressing tool to mask corruption.