Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controllable Stiffness Origami “Skeletons” for Lightweight and Multifunctional Artificial Muscles

Flexible, material‐based, artificial muscles enable compliant and safe technologies for human–machine interaction devices and adaptive soft robots, yet there remain long‐term challenges in the development of artificial muscles capable of mimicking flexible, controllable, and multifunctional human activity. Inspired by human limb's activity strategy, combining muscles' adjustable stiffness and joints' origami folding, controllable stiffness origami “skeletons,” which are created by laminar jamming and origami folding of multiple layers of flexible sandpaper, are embedded into a common monofunctional vacuumed‐powered cube‐shaped (CUBE) artificial muscle, thereby enabling the monofunctional CUBE artificial muscle to achieve lightweight and multifunctionality as well as controllable force/motion output without sacrificing its volume and shape. Successful demonstrations of arms self‐assembly and cooperatively gripping different objects and a “caterpillar” robot climbing different pipes illustrate high operational redundancy and high‐force output through “building blocks” assembly of multifunctional CUBE artificial muscles. Controllable stiffness origami “skeletons” offer a facile and low‐cost strategy to fabricate lightweight and multifunctional artificial muscles for numerous potential applications such as wearable assistant devices, miniature surgical instruments, and soft robots.
Mechanical Analysis of High Power Internally Cooled Annular Fuel

Abstract Annular fuel with internal flow is proposed to allow higher power density in pressurized water reactors. The structural behavior issues arising from the higher flow rate required to cool the fuel are assessed here, including buckling, vibrations, and potential wear problems. Five flow-induced vibration mechanisms are addressed: buckling instability, vortex-induced vibration, acoustic resonance, fluid-elastic instability, and turbulence-induced vibration. The structural behavior of the 17 × 17 traditional solid fuel array is compared with that of two types of annular fuels, a 15 × 15 array, and a 13 × 13 array. It is seen that the annular fuels are superior to the reference fuel in avoiding vibration-induced damage, even at a 50% increase in flow velocity above today’s reactors. The higher resistance to vibration is mainly due to their relatively larger cross section area making them more rigid. The 13 × 13 annular fuel shows better structural performance than the 15 × 15 one due to its higher rigidity. Analysis of acoustic resonance of the inner channel cladding with pump blade passing frequencies showed that the acoustic frequencies are within 120% of the pulsation frequency. The annular fuel exhibits reduced impact, sliding, and fretting wear than the solid fuel, even at 150% flow rate of today’s reactors.
Tenure type mixing and segregation

Abstract We examine the ‘overlap’ or to which degree tenure form patterns are similar to socio-economic segregation patterns. The issue has been discussed concerning mixing policies; does mixing of tenure hinder socio-economic segregation? If mixing tenure is to be an effective policy against segregation, the overlap has to be understood. Using Swedish register data, we cross tenure-type landscapes with patterns of high/mixed/low-income and with European/non-European/Swedish-born. To what degree is there overlap among tenure, income and country of birth? Is the overlap related to geographical scale and polarization? Is the overlap of tenure forms with socio-economic characteristics consistent across regions? We find strong overlap of large-scale cooperative tenure landscapes with very high incomes as well as with Swedish-born. Small-scale tenure-landscapes provide mixing opportunities for incomes wherever they are located; however, these landscapes have a small non-Swedish-born population nearby. Some tenure-type landscapes vary in characteristics depending on location; e.g. public rental concentrated areas are high-income in urban cores but low-income in urban peripheries.
Intensive care nurses' knowledge of enteral nutrition at public hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen: a cross-sectional survey

Background: Nurses have a pivotal role in initiating and managing enteral nutrition (EN) and monitoring any potential complications. Yet, it is unclear whether Yemeni nurses have adequate knowledge to deliver and manage enteral nutrition safely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of ICU nurses’ knowledge regarding the management of EN. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2019 to March 2019. A probability sampling method was used to recruit 174 nurses from four public hospitals in the capital city of Yemen. A self-administered 17-item questionnaire related to ICU nurses' knowledge regarding EN intervention was used to collect the data. Results: Out of the 174 respondents, 60.9% were females, 48.9% were aged between 20 and 25 years and 66.1% had a 3-year nursing diploma. Most respondents (79.3%) had one to five years of working experience as nurses, while almost two-thirds (70.7%) had one to five years of working experience as an ICU nurse. Above half (59.2%) of the respondents had never attended training courses on EN management and 65.5% specified that the college or institute of nursing was the source for their knowledge about EN management. Only 10.9% of the respondents had an adequate level of knowledge, while (43.1%) of them had a moderate level of knowledge and 46.0% of them had an inadequate level of knowledge regarding the EN management. Significant associations between the level of ICU nurses' knowledge of EN management and their level of education and the sources of knowledge were detected. Conclusions: The significant gap in ICU nurses’ knowledge regarding EN management identified implies the need to upgrade and refresh of the ICU nurses' knowledge by implementing a regular training program concerning EN management.
Extraction and Characterization of Gmelina Seed Oil; Kinetics and Optimization Studies

The kinetics and optimization of oil extraction from gmelina seed was studied. The effect of various process variables such as temperature, time, volume of solvent, particle size, and their interaction on oil yield was investigated. A Predictive model describing the oil yield in terms process variables was derived from multiple regression analysis. Optimum yield of 49.90% was predicted at extraction temperature of 60 C, extraction time of 60 mins, seed particle size of 150μm and 150ml volume of solvent, for the process. It was found that oil yield increased with increase in temperature, time and volume of solvent but decreased with increase in seed particle size. The extract was analyzed to examine its physico-chemical properties (acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, viscosity, saponification value, moisture and ash content, refractive index, smoke, flash and fire points and specific gravity) and structural elucidation by standard methods and instrumental techniques. Results revealed that the oil is not edible but find potential in biodiesel production. The Kinetic study showed that the extraction process follows a second order mechanism with a rate constant of 1.26x1011 (dm3/mol)3S 1.
Susceptibility of a Cloned Cell Line from Helicoverpa armigera to Homologous Nucleopolyhedrovirus

A cloned cell line designated B-5 was isolated from the parental HAPO2 cell line, which derived from pupal ovarian tissues of Helicoverpa armigera. This cell line was cultured in Grace’s medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and continuously subcultured at 4-day intervals. The population doubling time of this cloned cell line during the logarithmic phase was 22.8 h. RAPD and DAF analyses confirmed the identity of the B-5 cell line as H. armigera and clearly distinguished it as a new, unique cell line derived from the pupal ovaries. The susceptibility of B5 cells to the H. armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) was high and a higher yields of occlusion bodies (OBs) were obtained when compared to the parental HAPO2 cells. Infection of HearNPV in B-5 cells was successfully completed and produced the infectious OBs. Ultrastructural studies of infected H. armigera tissues revealed evidence of virus infection and OBs formation in the infected fat cells. The results and observations strongly indicated that B-5 cells were fully permissive for HearNPV infection. The data described in this study indicate that B-5 cell line is a highly productive new cloned cell line and will be useful for the production of HearNPV, and other applications in biotechnology.
Métodos moleculares de estudio de las poblaciones de pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas Stutzari es un microorganismo comun en diveros habitats y ha recibido una especial atencion debido a sus especiales capacidades metabolicas como degradador de compuestos aromaticos (Garcia-Valdes et al.,1988). Se han disenado metodos moleculares que permiten la identificaion y el seguimiento de P. Stutzari en muestras naturales. La identificaion de P. Stutzaeri se consiguio utilizando cebadores especificos para amplificar el gen rDNA 16S seguido por el analisis RFLP ("restrction frament length polymorphism") al tratar los productos de PCR con la endonucleasa BamHI. Por otra parte, se han utilizado metodos molecualres de tipado basados en la amplificaicon por PCR con cebadores para secuencias consenso derivadas de regiones invertidas repetidas palindromicas altamente conservadas encontradas en enterobacterias (ERIC). Finalmente, se ha utilizado un metodo de Western Blot y "fingerprinting" inmunologico para la diferenciacion de las cepas de P. Stutzeri. La asignacion de las cepas a una genomovar determinada se ha conseguido de una manera rapida y facil mediante amplifiacion por PCR de las regiones espaciadoras intrgenicas 16S-23S rDNA (ISR) y su poserior analisis por RFLP tras la digestion con el enzima de restriccion TaqI. Ademas, se han secuenciado estas regiones y, despues de su analisis, se ha comprobado que los grupos obtenidos conciden perfectamente con cada una de las genomovares de P. Stutzeri. Se han utilizado las tecnicas de ecologia microbiana molecular para hacer un seguimiento de la cepa degradadora de naftaleno AN10 en la biorremediacion en un modelo experimental de microcosmos de sedimiento marino contaminados con salcilato, naftaleno o queroseno JetA1. Para ello se ha utilizado el analisis por DGGE de dos genes, el rRNA 16S y el gen catabolico nhAC, involucrado en la oxidacion inicial del naftaleno a 1,2 dihidroxinaftaleno.
Evidence of the Role of QTL Epistatic Interactions in the Increase of Melon Fruit Flesh Content during Domestication

Cultivated melon was domesticated from wild melons, which produce small fruits with non-edible fruit flesh. The increase in fruit flesh is one of the major domestication achievements in this species. In previous work, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 6 (paqt6.1) linked to fruit flesh content was detected in a cross between cultivated (“Piel de Sapo”, PS) and wild (Ames 24294, TRI) accessions. The QTL was introgressed into the PS background, generating the TRI_6-3 introgression line (IL) that confirmed the effects of paqt6.1. The primary objective of this work was to fine-map paqt6.1 as the first step for the map-based cloning. Two different approaches were carried out; however, the results were not consistent, precluding the fine mapping of paqt6.1. TRI_6-3 and other related ILs were genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing, finding additional introgressions in other chromosomes. In an F2 population from TRI_6-3-x-PS, we found an epistatic interaction between paqt6.1 and another locus on chromosome 11. The interaction was verified in advanced populations, suggesting that the effects of paqt6.1 are conditioned by the allelic composition at another locus in chromosome 11. Both loci should have TRI alleles to reduce the flesh content in the PS background. The implications on the history of melon domestication are discussed.
The
 risk‐taking
 channel in the
 United States
 : A
 GVAR
 approach

Using a panel of large U.S. banks, we examine banks' risk‐taking behaviour in response to monetary policy shocks. Our investigation provides support for the presence of a risk‐taking channel: banks' non‐performing loans increase in the medium to long‐run following an expansionary monetary policy shock. We also find that banks' capital structure plays an important role in explaining bank's risk‐taking appetite. Impulse response analysis shows that shocks emanating from larger banks spill over to the rest of the sector but no such effect is observed for smaller banks. These findings are confirmed for banks' Z‐score.
Relationships between Cabernet Sauvignon phenology and climate in two Spanish viticultural regions: observations and predicted future changes

Abstract The aim of the current research is to analyse potential changes in the phenology of Cabernet Sauvignon under future climate change scenarios. The study compares results from two areas with different climatic conditions in Spain: Ribera del Duero and Penedès. Phenology data for budbreak (BB), bloom (BL), veraison (V) and maturity (M) were analysed for the period 2004–2015 in Ribera del Duero and for 1996–2012 in Penedès. Thermal requirements to initiate the growing cycle and to reach each phenological event were evaluated. Simulated data of changes in climate from eight models provided by Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) of Spain, and for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) (greenhouse gas concentration trajectories) – RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 by 2030, 2050 and 2070 were used. Differences of approximately 6 days for BL and about 12 days, on average, for V existed between the two areas. Based on the predicted changes of temperature and the accumulated degree days needed to reach each stage, future changes in phenology were modelled. The results indicate potentially greater changes in the warmer region (Penedès), particularly for the later growth stages, which is in agreement with greater temperature increases in Penedès. The advance of BB, BL, V and M by 2070 could be up to 5, 11, 17 and 24 days, respectively, under the RCP4.5 emission trajectory, and up to 50% higher in some stages under the RCP8.5 emission trajectory.
Comparative profile of Barbari (Capra aegagrus hircus) Chevon, Kadaknath (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) meat

The quality of Indian Barbari chevon, cara-beef and indigenous chicken like Kadaknath is unique in nature. So a comparative study was conducted to find out the quality characteristics of meat in terms of nutritional composition, mineral profile and fatty acid status. In nutritional composition, amount of protein (26.20%) was observed significantly (P<0.05) higher in Kadaknath meat than chevon and carabeef. The values observed for fat content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in chevon than Kadaknath meat and cara-beef. On mineral analysis it was evident that sodium was significantly (P<0.05) higher in chevon, potassium and zinc in carabeef and iron in Kadaknath meat. Fatty acid profile revealed significantly (P<0.05) different ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). In chevon SFA and USFA was almost same in ratio while kadaknath meat showed that ratio of SFA and USFA as 1:19. It is then concluded that Kadaknath meat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Organ wise kidneys of Kadaknath and heart of carabeef showed higher protein content than other organs. However, chevon organs were showed overall higher minerals contents.
Helping and Happiness: A Review and Guide for Public Policy

Perhaps one of the most reaffirming findings to emerge over the past several decades is that humans not only engage in generous behavior, they also appear to experience pleasure from doing so. Yet not all acts of helping lead to greater happiness. Here, we review the growing body of evidence showing that people engage in a wide array of prosocial behaviors (e.g., charitable giving, volunteering, blood/organ donation, offering advice, food sharing) which can promote positive emotions. Then, using self-determination theory, a foundational theory of human motivation, we consider when and how generous actions are most likely to boost the helper’s happiness—and when they are not. Finally, we leverage these insights to consider how public policy and organizations can apply this information to make prosocial action more emotionally rewarding for citizens and employees alike.
Effects of Dark and Bright Timbral Instructions on the Production of Pitch and Timbre

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of timbral instructions on pitch and timbre production. High school (n = 28) and collegiate (n = 28) trumpeters played sustained tones at two octave levels (written C4 and C5) following three types of timbral instructions (dark-timbre, bright-timbre, or neutral instructions). Presentation orders were randomly assigned. Dependent variables included one acoustical measure of pitch (absolute cent deviation) and one acoustical measure of timbre (spectral centroid). Participants also reported which type of instruction they perceived to result in their “best sound” and their “most in-tune performance. ” Results indicated a significant interaction between timbral instruction condition and octave. Post hoc testing revealed that timbral instructions affected participants’ absolute cent deviation, but different effects were observed in each octave. The effect of timbral instructions on participants’ spectral centroid was nonsignificant. Participants demonstrated a preference for the neutral instruction over the dark- and bright-timbre instructions, and their tuning accuracy varied by octave and instruction condition. These data suggest that music educators may need to use timbral instructions judiciously so that the instruction to play with a different timbre does not result in unintentional changes in pitch.
Mapping of voluntary set-aside forests intended for nature conservation management in Sweden

ABSTRACT In Sweden, an estimated 0.3–0.6 million hectares (1.2–2.4% of the entire Swedish forest area) of forests are voluntary set-asides for nature conservation management (NCM). Even though these areas are crucial in Swedish biodiversity conservation, no analysis has yet been carried out of their conservation values and spatial distribution. The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe areas intended for NCM in Sweden. Based on existing habitat descriptions, six NCM area categories were defined. The occurrence of each category was determined through GIS analysis of a spatially explicit dataset containing information on 26,953 stands (136,672 ha) set aside for NCM. Of the analysed area, 86% met the criteria of at least one category. The most common category was “Old coniferous forests”, which was found to be abundant in northern Sweden, and often the only category met in stands. Out of the remaining five categories, four were more frequent in southern Sweden. In the southern regions, stands often met the criteria of two or three categories simultaneously. This mapping is a resource for further research and development of policies and strategies aimed at increasing the extent and improving the quality of nature conservation management.
Distinct contributions of mouse cortical areas to visual discrimination

Sensory decisions involve multiple cortical areas, but the specific roles of these areas are not well understood. We trained head-fixed mice to discriminate visual contrast and report their decision with a wheel turn. Widefield calcium imaging revealed task-related activity in multiple cortical areas: visual (VIS), secondary motor (MOs), primary motor and somatosensory. Optogenetic inactivation, however, impaired performance only in VIS and MOs. The animal9s choices could be related to cortical activity using a simple neurometric model that weighed activity in VIS and MOs. The model9s weights revealed different roles for these regions: VIS promotes contraversive and suppresses ipsiversive choices, whereas MOs promotes both contraversive and ipsiversive choices. With no further parameter adjustments, the same model predicted the effect of local optogenetic inactivation. These results indicate that neocortex causally supports visual discrimination through visual and frontal but not primary motor areas, and provides a quantitative framework relating cortical activity to decisions.
Glad Tidings? Personal Witnessing, Religiosity, and Mental Health among U.S. Adults

A growing body of research has documented connections between religious involvement and mental health. However, religion is complex and multidimensional. Religious witnessing, the interpersonal sharing of religious faith, is an important religious practice that has received little attention. Religious witnessing is a relatively unconventional behavior in contemporary American society, yet it can promote social interaction and belonging and has implications for personal identity and sense of self-worth. Using data from a 2010 national random sample (N = 1,342) of U.S. adults, we examine associations between religious witnessing and mental health and the moderating role of public and private religiosity. Mental health is measured using three classes of psychiatric symptoms (general anxiety, social anxiety, and paranoia). Results show that witnessing is related to positive mental health among more highly religious individuals and negative mental health among less religious individuals. Drawing from identity theory and authenticity research, we argue that the contingent impact of religious witnessing on mental health can be explained by (1) participation in social contexts and groups conducive to religious self-expression and (2) the interplay between witnessing, private religiosity, and feelings of authenticity.
Is the Diet of a Middle Income Country Sustainable ? An Exploratory Study from Malaysia

A sustainable diet which is healthy and environmental friendly is a climate change mitigation option in addition to being a health promoting diet. However, there is a scarcity of information if the Asian diets are sustainable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if the diet of the Malaysian population is healthy and sustainable. This is a cross sectional study using dietary data generated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). The carbon footprint data were linked with the food items/ food groups in the FFQ. The nutrients of the participants’ diet were computed and the proportions of those who met the recommended nutrients intake were established. Contribution of carbon footprint for different food groups and total carbon footprint for each participant’s diet were computed and expressed as kgCO2eq. Comparison of carbon footprint from participants’ diets between age, sex and ethnicity were carried out. A total of 4825 participants were included in the analysis. Majority were Malays (66.4 %), females (84.0%), married (80.0%) and in the age groups of 30s to 40s (68.8%). The mean total energy intake was 2485+1000 kcal/day. Only 40 to 60% of all participants achieved the Malaysia Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for calcium and less than half of the female participants who were aged 50 years and below fulfilled the RNI for iron. The most commonly consumed food groups were vegetables (270g/day), wheat, rice, fruits, sugar, seafood, poultry, legumes, snacks, milk and beef (46g/day). Total carbon footprint from the participants’ diets were 2.96 kgCO2eq/day, with the highest contributions of carbon footprint from rice, vegetables, beef, sugar, other cereals, poultry, seafood, wheat, milk, fruits, legume and snacks. Subgroups such as males, Malays and younger participants were more likely to consume diets with higher carbon footprint, compared to their counterparts. The participants’ diet was low in carbon footprint and environmentally friendly, however the quality of diet may need to be improved. Education measures should be targeted for all population and specifically for the sub-groups that consumed diets with higher carbon footprint.