Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-scale guild proportions and niche complementarity in a Caucasian subalpine hay meadow

Abstract Question: Monocot and dicot perennial herbaceous species can be considered two a priori guilds, which interact in regularly mown grasslands. Complementary resource use in space is important for diversity and productivity of perennial herbaceous communities, yet small-scale spatial patterns of guilds and niche complementarity have rarely been linked explicitly. We ask: 1. Do guild interactions in our community generate small-scale patterns such as guild proportionality? 2. Do these patterns coincide with overyielding of guilds, that is, can small-scale spatial patterns of guilds be experimentally linked to niche complementarity? Location: Georgia, central Caucasian mountains. Methods: We sampled randomly placed small quadrats and used presence-absence data to measure small-scale spatial patterns within plots. We experimentally tested overyielding of monocots and dicots grown separately and in mixtures. Results: We found measurable small-scale pattern of guilds in our community: monocots and dicots showed significant guild proportionality. However, variance deficit in the number of species per small quadrat was stronger in monocots than in dicots. Experiments found considerable overyielding, which was unaffected by water stress. Conclusions: Coincidence of measurable small-scale arrangements of guilds with robust overyielding indicates that spatial arrangement is an important manifestation of niche complementarity. Stronger variance deficit of monocot species at small scale suggests that monocots compete with each other more strongly and, as a consequence, are more regularly dispersed at small spatial scale. Conversely, morphologically more diverse and more plastic dicots may more easily fit within the neighbourhood patchwork created by monocots.
Application of local defect correction to a passive tracer in a turbulent channel flow

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Ovarian and hormonal events during synchronization of ovulation and timed appointment breeding of Bos indicus-influenced cattle using intravaginal progesterone, GnRH and prostaglandin F2(alpha)

Ovarian and Hormonal Events during Synchronization of Ovulation and Timed Appointment Breeding of Bos indicus-Influenced Cattle Using Intravaginal Progesterone, GnRH and Prostaglandin F2α. (December 2005) Juan Pablo Saldarriaga López, D.V.M., Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Gary L. Williams Objectives were to 1) evaluate the use of the CO-Synch + CIDR (COS-C) protocol for synchronization of ovulation and timed AI (TAI) in Bos indicus-influenced cattle, 2) compare cumulative pregnancy rates after COS-C synchronization and TAI to those in a traditional management (TM) scheme, and 3) evaluate specific ovarian, hormonal, and estrual events associated with COS-C. The COS-C regimen included insertion of a controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) containing progesterone and injection of GnRH (GnRH-1) on day 0, removal of the CIDR and injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF on d 7, and injection of GnRH (GnRH-2) and TAI 48 h later. In experiment 1 (Exp. 1), 335 females were stratified by BCS, parity and d postpartum before random assignment to COS-C or TM. An additional 96 females in which TM controls were not available for comparison also received COS-C. Conception rates to TAI averaged 39% (n = 266). Cumulative pregnancy rates were greater (P < 0.05) after 30 and 60 d of the breeding season in COS-C than in TM (n = 170 and 165 females
Isolation of goose microsatellite markers using dual-suppression-PCR technique

A dual-suppression-PCR technique was used to isolate 11 goose special microsatellite primers from goose,then those primers were used to amplify DNA of Zhedong White Goose(Z)and Taihu Goose(T). The results showed that 11 primers could generate 37 and 36 clear bands in two breeds,respectively,in which there were 20 same alleles.There were 6 loci with high polymorphism and 5 loci with middle polymorphism.Alleles produced by these loci ranged from 2 to 6 per locus and the mean heterozygosities per locus were calculated as values from 0.456 to 0.772,G07 was the highest and G06 was the lowest and the average polymorphism information content(PIC)per locus were from 0.375 to 0.737,in which microsatellite G07 was the highest,G01,G03 and G11 were the lowest.On the basic of effective number of alleles(Ne),the statistical values of Z and T were 2.655 and 2.558,close to practical average values 3.364 and 3.273. The results indicated that the distributions of alleles in these two breeds were uniform,which were responding to the actual breed characters,and the dual-suppression-PCR technique was suitable for studying goose genetic constructions.
Evaluation of macrohardness of recasted Cobalt–chromium alloy

ABSTACT Aims: To study the effect of recasting on the macrohardness of cobalt chromium (Co–Cr)alloy, and to evaluate the effect of finishing and polishing on it. Materials and methods: Two brand of Co–Cr alloys were used, divided into three groups, the specimens of the first group were casted from new materials, the second were casted from previously casted material without the addition of any new material (100% recast), the third were casted by combination 50% new material and 50% used material. Half of the specimens just finished and the other half were finished and polished , hardness for all of them were measured. Results: Showed that recasting, both 100% and 50%, significantly increase the macrohardness of Co–Cr alloys and no significant effect of finishing and polishing on it. Conclusion: Recasting may affect properties of Co–Cr alloy and new material should be used rather than recasted material.
Measurement of polarization plane rotation of propagating light in a partially ionized atmosphere under discharge conditions

The rotation angle of the polarization of plane of a propagating beam was experimentally measured using a polarization‐controlled laser beam, a repeating square mirror, and a discharge apparatus. A rotation angle of 0.29° was obtained for a discharge gap of 5 cm and a charge voltage of 50 kV. This result was in good agreement with a simulation of the experimental model. The waveform of the rotation angle showed a similar time dependence to the discharge current, with a correlation coefficient of >0.94. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 171(3): 1–6, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20954
Developing subject perspectives on creativity in higher education

• creativity is an important part of being a biologist, lawyer, historian or any other discipline-based practitioner. • being creative means different things in different disciplinary contexts and the sites where creativity is accomplished; the means by which it is achieved and the results of creativity will also be different in different disciplines. • creativity is largely unrecognised and undervalued in many (perhaps most? ) subjects studied in UK higher education.
The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay, Western Cape, South Africa : raw materials, artefacts and sporadic change

This paper considers a selection of Later Stone Age lithic assemblages from eight Elands Bay sites, including a large sample from Elands Bay Cave. The use of broader, more inclusive terms for Later Stone Age lithic industries in southern Africa is suggested, and subsequently supported by the Elands Bay assemblages which are shown to be atypical when compared to similarly dated assemblages from elsewhere. The Elands Bay assemblages are grouped according to their age and features, and the primary characteristics of each period are outlined. In this way the full lithic sequence for the area is described, with emphasis being placed on the transitional assemblages and the sequence of changes in raw materials, flaking techniques and formal tools that occur through time. Gross industrial change is gradual and boundaries between industries cannot readily be identified. A relatively more distinct change just after 1000 b.p. supports the assertion that herders may have populated the Cape only from about that time onwards. A new radiocarbon date from Dunefield Midden 11 provides the earliest evidence for the occurrence of pottery in the Elands Bay area at about 1780 b.p. (AD 329). To cite this article: Orton, J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay, Western Cape, South Africa: raw materials, artefacts and sporadic change. Southern African Humanities 18 (2): 1-28.
Inducing flowering in growing plants of overwintered onions: Effects of supplementary irradiation, photoperiod, nitrogen, growing medium and gibberellins

SummaryThe induction of inflorescences in growing plants of bolting resistant, overwintered onion genotypes was studied in glasshouse conditions in a series of nine experiments between 1978 and 1987. Plants raised in perlite sub-irrigated by nutrient solution grew faster and flowered more freely than those raised in John Innes compost. The percentage of plants with inflorescences was usually increased by supplementary irradiation and by sowing in early July or sooner, rather than in August. The percentage flowering of some genotypes was increased by a restricted nitrogen supply during chilling or by photoperiod extension during chilling. Such photoperiod extension advanced the date of inflorescence appearance. GA3 injection prior to chilling increased the flowering percentage of some genotypes. A combination of supplementary irradiation and low nitrogen levels prior to and during chilling and 4 h or 6 h photoperiod extensions during chilling resulted in 80 to 100% flowering from an early August sowing of .
Voting as a Rational Choice: Why and How People Vote to Improve the Well-Being of Others

For voters with "social" preferences, the expected utility of voting is approximately independent of the size of the electorate, suggesting that rational voter turnouts can be substantial even in large elections. Less important elections are predicted to have lower turnout, but a feedback mechanism keeps turnout at a reasonable level under a wide range of conditions. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) to show how, for an individual with both selfish and social preferences, the social preferences will dominate and make it rational for a typical person to vote even in large elections;(2) to show that rational socially-motivated voting has a feedback mechanism that stabilizes turnout at reasonable levels (e.g., 50% of the electorate); (3) to link the rational social-utility model of voter turnout with survey findings on socially-motivated vote choice.
How animals communicate quality of life: the qualitative assessment of animal behaviour

The notion ‘quality of life’ (QoL) suggests that welfare in animals encompasses more than just an absence of suffering; it concerns the quality of an animal’s entire relationship with its environment, of how it lives its life. Judgements of such quality are based on the integration of perceived details of how animals behave over time in different contexts. The scientific status of such judgements has long been ambiguous, but in recent decades has begun to be addressed by animal scientists. This paper starts with a brief review of qualitative approaches to the study of animal behaviour, which tend to address characteristics such as individuality, personality, and emotionality. The question then arises whether such characteristics involve a subjective, experiential aspect, and identify animals as sentient beings. The second half of this paper argues that taking the integrative nature of qualitative judgements seriously enables a ‘whole animal’ perspective, through which it becomes possible to view behaviour as a dynamic, expressive body language that provides a basis for assessing the quality of an animal’s experience (eg contented, anxious). Judging this quality is a skill that requires knowledge of species-specific behaviour, experience in observing and interacting with animals in different contexts, and a willingness to communicate with animals as sentient beings. A substantial body of research indicates that this skill can function reliably in a scientific context, and can be applied usefully as a practical welfare assessment tool. Thus qualitative approaches to the study of animal behaviour should make an important contribution to the growing interest in animal QoL.
Relativistic bands in the discrete spectrum of created particles in an oscillating cavity

We investigate the dynamical Casimir effect for a one-dimensional resonant cavity, with one oscillating mirror. Specifically, we study the discrete spectrum of created particles in a region of frequencies above the oscillation frequency $\omega_0$ of the mirror. We focus our investigation on an oscillation time equal to $2L_0/c$, where $L_0$ is the initial and final length of the cavity, and $c$ is the speed of light. For this oscillation duration, a field mode, after perturbed by the moving mirror, never meets this mirror in motion again, which allows us to exclude this effect of re-interaction on the particle creation process. Then, we describe the evolution of the particle creation with frequencies above $\omega_0$ only as a function of the relativistic aspect of the mirror's velocity. In other words, we analyze the formation of relativistic bands in a discrete spectrum of created particles.
Selection of salt-tolerance on Robinia pseudoacacia seedings and impact of salt stress on seedlings' physiological characteristics

Seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia L.after germination were sowed with different concentration of saline soils(0.6‰(CK),1‰,2‰,3‰,4‰,5‰,6‰),and anti-salt individuals were selected.The salt-tolerance adaptability of selected seedlings were studied through measuring the biomass and physiological and biochemical characteristics.The results indicated that the survival rate could remain stable after 30 days of seeding in different concentrations;With the increase of concentration of salt stress,germination rate decreased gradually from 92% to 17%;The amount of seedling biomass averages was also affected,with 13.75 g falling to 6% 5.34 g;The net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were high with the same tendency with variation ranges of 10.987-5.163 μmol/m2·s and 0.625-0.166 mmol/m2·s respectively;The CO2 concentrations in intercellular space varied with the transpiration rate,with ranges of 410.6-287.4 μL/l and 5.698-3.138 mmol/m2·s respectively;The membrane permeability increased from 2.42% to 9.25%;The Na+ concentration in the root was greater than that in the stem and leaf;The concentration in the root increased with the rise of salt concentration,and that in the stem and the leaf had no obvious variations;the K+ concentrations in the root,stem and leaf increased with the rise of salt concentration.
Data-Independent Structured Pruning of Neural Networks via Coresets

Model compression is crucial for the deployment of neural networks on devices with limited computational and memory resources. Many different methods show comparable accuracy of the compressed model and similar compression rates. However, the majority of the compression methods are based on heuristics and offer no worst case guarantees on the tradeoff between the compression rate and the approximation error for an arbitrarily new sample. We propose the first efficient structured pruning algorithm with a provable tradeoff between its compression rate and the approximation error for any future test sample. Our method is based on the coreset framework, and it approximates the output of a layer of neurons/filters by a coreset of neurons/filters in the previous layer and discards the rest. We apply this framework in a layer-by-layer fashion from the bottom to the top. Unlike previous works, our coreset is data-independent, meaning that it provably guarantees the accuracy of the function for any input $x\in \mathbb {R}^{d}$ , including an adversarial one.
Coordinated Behavior on Social Media in 2019 UK General Election

Coordinated online behaviors are an essential part of information and influence operations, as they allow a more effective disinformation's spread. Most studies on coordinated behaviors involved manual investigations, and the few existing computational approaches make bold assumptions or oversimplify the problem to make it tractable. Here, we propose a new network-based framework for uncovering and studying coordinated behaviors on social media. Our research extends existing systems and goes beyond limiting binary classifications of coordinated and uncoordinated behaviors. It allows to expose different coordination patterns and to estimate the degree of coordination that characterizes diverse communities. We apply our framework to a dataset collected during the 2019 UK General Election, detecting and characterizing coordinated communities that participated in the electoral debate. Our work conveys both theoretical and practical implications and provides more nuanced and fine-grained results for studying online information manipulation.
Seasonal and Diurnal Activity of Rhagoletis mendax Flies in Nature

Data from field observations on the location and activity of adult blueberry maggots, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, revealed the following. Most flies were found on cultivated, high-bush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. , and none were found on wild, low-bush blueberry, V. augustifolium Ait. Most flies on non-host plants were observed there during rain. Feeding and the presence of mating pairs occurred only on high-bush blueberry. Throughout the season on high-bush blueberry, males spent less time feeding and on leaves than did females. Most oviposition occurred after the second week from the first noted eclosion. Oviposition was accompanied by a shift toward more time spent by both sexes on fruit. Males spent most of an individual observation period on a single fruit, whereas females visited many fruit for oviposition. Mating, oviposition, and the occurrence of both sexes on fruit were all significantly positively correlated with changes throughout the day in ambient temperature and incident light intensity. The relation of these activities to those of other dipterans is discussed.
Blur-Attention: A boosting mechanism for non-uniform blurred image restoration

Dynamic scene deblurring is a challenging problem in computer vision. It is difficult to accurately estimate the spatially varying blur kernel by traditional methods. Data-driven-based methods usually employ kernel-free end-to-end mapping schemes, which are apt to overlook the kernel estimation. To address this issue, we propose a blur-attention module to dynamically capture the spatially varying features of non-uniform blurred images. The module consists of a DenseBlock unit and a spatial attention unit with multi-pooling feature fusion, which can effectively extract complex spatially varying blur features. We design a multi-level residual connection structure to connect multiple blur-attention modules to form a blur-attention network. By introducing the blur-attention network into a conditional generation adversarial framework, we propose an end-to-end blind motion deblurring method, namely Blur-Attention-GAN (BAG), for a single image. Our method can adaptively select the weights of the extracted features according to the spatially varying blur features, and dynamically restore the images. Experimental results show that the deblurring capability of our method achieved outstanding objective performance in terms of PSNR, SSIM, and subjective visual quality. Furthermore, by visualizing the features extracted by the blur-attention module, comprehensive discussions are provided on its effectiveness.
Urine Osmolarity in Street Runners

The hydroelectrolytic balance during the run is essential to a good performance and to the athlete’s health, especially for street runner fans who increase annually. Thereby, we aim to evaluate the hydration state by urine osmolarity in street runners. 62 volunteers (49M/13W, over 18 years) provided urine samples before(a) and after(b) the run. There was a decrease in urine osmolarity (UO) (mOsm/L) after the run (601+34a vs. 692+33b). Men exhibited higher UO than women (750+30b vs 476+88b) and a decrease after the run (631+36a), while women presented no alterations (487+90a). 30% of volunteers started the run with diluted urine (334+35, G1) and 70% in concentrated status (839+17, G2). The G1 group kept their UO in diluted state (267+32) even sweating during the run, while G2 group presented a decrease in UO, however it kept the concentrated status (738+27). Women and G1 start in a water loss state, which was maintained thought-out the run, leading to dehydration. Men and G2 started with high ADH levels, producing concentrated urine and, different than expected, they had urine dilution during the run. Considering this, we could identify an excess of hydration, before and during the exercise. This leads to the hydro-electrolytic disturbance, compromising the athlete performance.
Deep Volumetric Ambient Occlusion

We present a novel deep learning based technique for volumetric ambient occlusion in the context of direct volume rendering. Our proposed Deep Volumetric Ambient Occlusion (DVAO) approach can predict per-voxel ambient occlusion in volumetric data sets, while considering global information provided through the transfer function. The proposed neural network only needs to be executed upon change of this global information, and thus supports real-time volume interaction. Accordingly, we demonstrate DVAO's ability to predict volumetric ambient occlusion, such that it can be applied interactively within direct volume rendering. To achieve the best possible results, we propose and analyze a variety of transfer function representations and injection strategies for deep neural networks. Based on the obtained results we also give recommendations applicable in similar volume learning scenarios. Lastly, we show that DVAO generalizes to a variety of modalities, despite being trained on computed tomography data only.
Mediating Community-AI Interaction through Situated Explanation

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become prevalent in our everyday technologies and impacts both individuals and communities. The explainable AI (XAI) scholarship has explored the philosophical nature of explanation and technical explanations, which are usually driven by experts in lab settings and can be challenging for laypersons to understand. In addition, existing XAI research tends to focus on the individual level. Little is known about how people understand and explain AI-led decisions in the community context. Drawing from XAI and activity theory, a foundational HCI theory, we theorize how explanation is situated in a community's shared values, norms, knowledge, and practices, and how situated explanation mediates community-AI interaction. We then present a case study of AI-led moderation, where community members collectively develop explanations of AI-led decisions, most of which are automated punishments. Lastly, we discuss the implications of this framework at the intersection of CSCW, HCI, and XAI.