Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SILYMARIN ON LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN RATS: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL

: Liver fibrosis is considered as a dynamic and highly integrated cellular response to chronic liver injury. The present study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of silymarin on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) injections in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawely rats were divided into 3 groups; group I (control n=10), rats of group II (n= 30) were injected with CCl 4 intra-peritoneally in a dose of 1.0 ml/kg BW for three doses weekly, each other, for 12 weeks and rats of group III (n= 30) were injected with CCl 4 as in group II and treated with silymarin in a daily oral dose of 50 mg/kg BW for 12 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after 4, 8 and 12 weeks and liver was quickly dissected out. Liver specimens were subjected to routine H &E stain and immunohistochemical stain of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The histopathological results showed that CCl 4 revealed necrotic and vacuolated hepatocytes as well as dilation and congestion in both sinusoids and in the branches of the portal vein. These alterations were marked in addition to portal fibrosis after 12 weeks. Silymarin the impaired hepatic changes induced by CCl 4 as evidenced in hepatocytes regeneration and decreased inflammation and congestion. Immunohistochemical results showed time-dependant increase in PCNA expression in CCl 4 injected group and it was more significant in CCl 4 - silymarin treated group. It was concluded that silymarin has a hepatoprotective effect in rats with liver injury induced by CCl 4 where it improved hepatic structure through the stimulation of liver regeneration and alleviated liver fibrosis by its anti-fibrotic role.
TO STUDY THE SLEEP ARCHITECTURE IN TREATMENT NAÏVE DEPRESSED PATIENTS WITH THE HELP OF POLYSOMNOGRAPHY BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT

Background : A prospective cohort study to analyze the sleep architecture in treatment naïve depressed patients with the help of polysomnography before and after treatment. Methods : Patients were diagnosed for Depressive episode based on ICD-10 DCR. Psychometry, Beck Depressive inventory (BDI) was applied on Day 1 of admission. Polysomnography was conducted on Day 03 of admission after allowing patient to get accustomed to ward environment. Antidepressant treatment was started post Polysomnography. Post remission as indicated by adequate trial of antidepressants for 08 weeks and BDI score ≤09, Polysomnography was repeated. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro Wilk test, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : This study has shown positive findings (improvement) in terms of Total Sleep Time, Sleep Efficiency, Wake After Sleep Onset, Percentage Wake Time and these findings are statistically significant. Conclusion : Antidepressant treatment effectively improves sleep architecture in Depressive disorder and Polysomnography can become a useful tool to understand the course of illness and assess response.
Theocracy and Resilience Against Economic Sanctions (cid:3)

This paper provides a simply theory to explain the impact of sanctions on a regime(cid:146)s policies and behavior. Sanctions are generally put to strip the target country from its available rents and weaken the government(cid:146)s stance against growing discontent in the population. We show however that sanctions may give legitimacy to an incumbent government by in(cid:135)uencing the optimal level of religious ideology provided by the state and further stabilizing its grip to power and rents. While in a good state of nature sanctions build resilience as long as religious ideology among the population is strong, at bad times they compel the target country to move towards ideological moderation. In a world of asymmetric information, the target country always (cid:133)nds it optimal to send a signal that truly represents the prevailing state of nature in order to induce learning and reach a win-win outcome.
Conditional Distributionally Robust Functionals

This paper addresses decision making in multiple stages, where prior information is available and where consecutive and successive decisions are made. Risk measures assess the random outcome by taking various candidate probability measures into account. To justify decisions in multiple stages, it is essential to have conditional risk measures available, which respect the information, which was already revealed in the past. The paper addresses different variants of risk measures, discusses their properties in the specific context and their implications in multistage decision making. Various examples of risk measures on simple probability spaces with finite support illustrate the content. The Wasserstein and nested distance are involved to make decision making with numerous scenarios numerically tractalbe.
An Experimental Study of Transition to Turbulence in Plane Poiseuille Flow

The laminar-turbulent transition of a pressure driven flow between two parallel plates, called plane Poiseuille flow, is studied using a flow visualisation technique. The transition process in the subcritical regime is characterised by the co-existence of laminar and turbulent regions. The present work focuses on the evolution of localised turbulence in a channel with a large aspect ratio and length. For this purpose, individual spot-shaped structures are triggered via a localised perturbation. Their development is monitored in time, which shows that these turbulent spots grow into the shape of stripes. Consequently, a new perturbation technique is developed that directly excites localised stripes in the flow. It is shown that the stripes are the natural form of localised turbulence and that they can exists at Reynolds numbers much lower than previously believed. It is also shown that these stripes are inclined to the mean flow direction in a narrow range of angles which depends on the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the growth and decay of existing turbulent stripes and the nucleation of new stripes is described in detail. Finally, the average growth and decay rates of these stripes are used to deduce the critical point in plane Poiseuille flow, below which turbulence cannot be sustained. This critical number is lower than existing estimates in the literature.
NOTES Isolation and Characterization of a Novel (cid:103) -Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Bacterium

The natural biotic capacity of soils to degrade (cid:103) -hexachlorocyclohexane ( (cid:103) -HCH, lindane) was estimated using an enrichment technique based on the ability of soil bacteria to develop on synthetic media and degrade the xenobiotic compound, used as the sole source of carbon and energy. Bacterial inocula from relatively highly contaminated soils (from wood treatment factories) were found to promote efﬁciently the degradation of (cid:103) -HCH, which subsequently permitted isolation of a competent (cid:103) -HCH-degrading microorganism. The de-crease of (cid:103) -HCH concurrently with the release of chloride ions and the production of CO 2 demonstrated the complete mineralization of (cid:103) -HCH mediated by the isolate. This was conﬁrmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showing that degradation subproducts of (cid:103) -HCH included an unidentiﬁed tetrachlorinated compound and subsequently 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 2,5-dichlorophenol. The two linA - and linB -like genes coding, respectively, for a (cid:103) -HCH dehydrochlorinase and a dehalogenase were characterized by using a PCR strategy based on sequence homologies with previously published sequences from Sphingomonas pauci- mobilis UT26. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the linA -like region revealed the presence of a 472-bp open reading frame exhibiting high homology with the linA gene from S. paucimobilis , while a preliminary study also indicated strong homology among the two linB genes. All enzymes involved in the (cid:103) -HCH degradative pathway appear to be extracellular and encoded by genes located on the chromosome, although numerous cryptic plasmids have been detected. These experiments conducted over a never permitted detection of a degradative microbial activity even the of Subsequent attempts to isolate adapted
The potential use of phytoestrogen containing the herb, Pueraria mirifica, for bone healing in osteoporotic monkeys

Within the last decade, the positive effects of Pueraria mirifica on osteoporosis have been established in rats and monkeys. However, the effect of P. mirifica on bone healing has not been elucidated. In this study, post-menopausal osteoporotic monkeys were subjected to an iliac crest biopsy, divided into two groups (5 animals/group), and fed daily with standard monkey diet alone (PMP0 group) or mixed with 1,000 mg/kg body weight of P. mirifica powder (PMP1000 group) for 16 months. The progression of the bone healing was continuously assessed by X-ray radiography, and three individuals from each group were selected for a computed tomographic (CT) scan at 0, 8 and 16 months. The individual from each group that showed the greatest progression of bone healing, based upon the CT image, was selected for a second biopsy of the right ilium after 16 months of treatment and histological changes determined. The perimeter and area measured by the X-ray radiograph were significantly decreased earlier in the PMP1000 group compared to the PMP0 group, and the significant differences of the perimeter between the groups were detected in month 3, 6 and 8. The 3D-CT scan showed a progressive bone healing in one PMP1000 individual, while histological examination indicated a lower number of fibrocartilage cells and a higher amount of new bone formation compared to the PMP0 monkey. In conclusion, PMP treatment could accelerate the progression of bone fracture healing in naturally postmenopausal osteoporotic monkeys, in addition to the previously reported amelioration of bone loss.
Assessment of Practices and Awareness of Safety Measures of Biomedical Wastes Management among Health Workers in Metropolitan Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria

Effective and efficient biomedical wastes management is vital in the health care delivery system. Safe environment and public health could possibly be achieved through the standard practices of biomedical wastes procedures with safety measures in place. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practices and awareness of safety measures among health workers towards biomedical wastes management in selected hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria. Data were collected by structured questionnaire and on- the-spot observation. Three private and three public hospitals that provides health care services in Abuja were surveyed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Chi-square (χ 2 ) test was used to determine the level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The male health workers were 220 (55.00%) and the female were 180 (45.00%) in the survey. The Nurses were the highest respondents in the study with percentage frequency of 117(28.75%) followed by the Laboratory Scientists 96 (24.00%), Pharmacists 71 (17.75%), Doctors 64(16.00%) and other health care workers 54 (13.50%). The practices of handling biomedical waste among health workers is a significant factor of biomedical wastes management (p<0.05). Also, the awareness on safety measures among health workers is a significant factor of biomedical wastes management (p<0.05). The study revealed that there are gaps in the standard practices of handling biomedical wastes such as transportation from point of generation, treatment, temporal storage and disposal, whereas awareness of safety measures and practices is appreciable. Training of health workers on standard practices of handling biomedical wastes is crucial in achieving efficient biomedical wastes management in the hospitals. Government should be involved in the policy making and ensure the enforcement of strict compliance in accordance with WHO stipulations.
metabolites following photoperiod

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) is the active form of vitamin B 1 and works as an essential 67 cofactor for enzymes in key metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) 68 cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway. Although its action as a coenzyme has been 69 well documented, the roles of TPP in plant metabolism are still not fully understood. 70 Here we investigated the functions of TPP in the regulation of the metabolic networks 71 during photoperiod transition using previously described Arabidopsis thaliana riboswitch 72 mutant plants, which accumulate thiamin vitamers. The results show that photosynthetic 73 and metabolic phenotypes of TPP riboswitch mutants are photoperiod-dependent. 74 Additionally, the mutants are more distinct from control plants when plants are 75 transferred from a short- to long-day photoperiod, suggesting that TPP also plays a role 76 in metabolic acclimation to the photoperiod. Control plants showed changes in the 77 amplitude of diurnal oscillation in the levels of metabolites, including glycine, maltose, 78 and fumarate, following the photoperiod transition. Interestingly, many of these changes 79 are not present in TPP riboswitch mutant plants, demonstrating their lack of metabolic 80 flexibility. Our results also indicate a close relationship between photorespiration and 81 the TCA cycle, as TPP riboswitch mutants accumulate less photorespiratory 82 intermediates. This study shows the potential role of vitamin B 1 in the diurnal regulation 83 of central carbon metabolism in plants and the importance of maintaining appropriate 84 cellular levels of thiamin vitamers for the plant’s metabolic flexibility and ability to 85 acclimate to an altered photoperiod. 86 87 circadian oscillator gene GIGANTEA mediates a long-term response of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock to sucrose.
How Intraspinal Tumors Cause Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review in the Light of Novel CSF Circulation Model

This review aims to assess and sum up the proposed pathomechanisms underlying the Coexistence of Hydrocephalus (HC) with spinal cord tumors. The PubMed database search identified 119 publications, of which 23 were eligible for this study. Hydrocephalus was mostly described in the presence of spinal ependymomas and astrocytomas. Tumor cells can compromise the CSF flow (obstructing ventricular outlets and Subarachnoid Space (SAS) of cerebral convexity – impairing function of arachnoid granulations and villi, Virchow-Robin spaces, perineural lymphatics). The leptomeningeal spread may cause communicating HC by detaching thecal sac from cranial SAS, which serves as a CSF reservoir (according to hydrodynamic theory and water hammer effect). Spinal SAS also absorbs some portion of CSF (around spinal nerve roots). The postoperative adhesions in the fourth ventricle (after cervical tumors resection) contribute to HC formation. Hydrocephalus is caused by mere elevated CSF osmolality, specific substances like fibrinogen (which is formed as a result of inflammation or leaks through a compromised blood-brain barrier), and eventually particular proteins like TGF- β, EGF, aFGF and PDGF. The classical model of CSF circulation does not reflect reality - CSF is indeed mostly produced by choroid plexus, however robustly supported (~30%) by production in the endothelium of Virchow-Robin spaces capillaries and ventricular ependyma. It can be absorbed all over ventricular lining, outside ventricles into Virchow-Robin
CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYSIS ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK FACTORS DIABETES AND DR: RESEARCH HELD IN LAHORE

: Aim: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relation of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by examining the glycemic control, mode used for curing, type and duration of DM. Study Type: Cross sectional analysis. Time and Place: Completed the study in the time duration of 06 months started from January,2018 and ended in June, 2018 at Mayo, Hospital Lahore. Methodology and material: Made the selection of total 108 patients by using non-probability, convenient sampling method. Only selected those patients, either found victims of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) also called Type-II and Type-I diabetes. Carried of complete analyses of every patient and collected all previous antiquity information by them. Through glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbAIc) carried out the assessment of Glycaemic-control. Used a pre-designed proforma for the collection of whole data. Performed the analysis of all information by the help of SPSS software V.16. Results: Found Type-I (IDDM) & Type-II (NIDDM) diabetes, after the examination as 30.6% (33) and 69.4% (75) respectively out of total 108 diabetes patients. There were 49.3% (37) women and 54.5% (18) ladies in Type-II and Type-1 groups accordingly. Observed DR in a few patients as < 5 years ’ time period in these two groups which was 15.69% in Type-II and 12.59% in Type-I. Comparison of Type-I & Type-II groups showed that there was DR in 60.61% (20) and 37.29% (28) patients respectively with P-value as less than 0.005. With the time period of more 20 years of diabetes, the Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) raised as 77.69% in Type-II patients with P-value less than 0.02 and 100% in Type-I diabetes patients with P-value as less than 0.001. Found Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)as 53.09% in Type-II cases with oral hypoglycaemics and/or diet therapy and 60.59% in Type-I sufferers who were under the treatment of insulin therapy. Found no sign of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)in any patient of either group who was with HbA1c <7%. Conclusion: Found direct connection of greater level of HbA1c with the growth of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Patients of Type-I diabetes who were under the treatment of insulin therapy for a long period of time were having higher occurrence of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) than the patients of Type-II diabetes patients.
GREEN BANKING PRACTICES AND ITS IMPLICATION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE COMMERCIAL BANKS IN BANGLADESH

Green banking means incorporation of environmental issues in all sorts of banking activities ranging from communication to clients, marketing, service delivery, in house operations to selection of projects to finance. The central bank of Bangladesh insists all commercial banks to implement green banking policy guidelines and make green investments. This study examines the implementation status of the green banking policy guideline and the impact of green banking practices on the financial performance (ROA, ROE, ROI) of the commercial banks in Bangladesh. By analyzing 3 years’ (2016-2018) annual reports of the commercial banks listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange the study found that over 90% of the banks have implemented majority (above 60%) of the green banking policy guidelines provided by the central bank. However, the practices of certain policies such as periodic reporting of green banking practices with standard format and external verification (policy 3.2), client education program (policy 2.5) and creation of climate risk fund (policy 1.9) are not at satisfactory level. Less than 70% of the banks have adopted these policies. Results of correlation and regression analysis indicate that green banking practices positively influence financial performance.
PREVALENCE OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT TUMOR

: Objectives: To determine the clinical characteristics and risk factors of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) in patients with gynecological malignant tumor, facilitating gynecologists better prevent the fatal complication. Methods: The patients with gynecological malignant tumor treated in department of gynecology of our hospital between May 2013 and May 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical data of patients including gender, age, tumor staging, adenocarcinoma, surgery, operation time, hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hospital stay, and postoperative rehabilitation exercise were collected to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients and determine the risk factors of DVT. Results: In the current study, 67 patients were included in DVT group, and 554 patients were included in Non-DVT group. There were significant differences in age, hypertension, hyperlipemia, operation time, adenocarcinoma, tumor staging, radiotherapy and postoperative rehabilitation exercises between DVT and non-DVT groups (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in gender, coronary heart disease, diabetes, surgical treatment and hospital stay (p>0.05). In multivariate analysis, the factors including age, hypertension, adenocarcinoma, radiotherapy, and hyperlipemia were independent risk factors, while rehabilitation exercise was protective factor for DVT.
Domain Name Lifetimes: Baseline and Threats

—The domain name system (DNS) is a key component of the Internet. The DNS is essentially a hierarchical and distributed database that involves – and is operated by – many independent parties that fulﬁll various roles. Top-level domains such as . com and . co.uk are run by registries . Registrants can register domain names, usually through so-called registrars , but sometimes directly with the TLD registry. Domain names go through a well-deﬁned life-cycle and names that are only short-lived in ways break expectation. In this paper, we study domain name lifetimes at scale and over a ten-year period. We focus on ten prominent TLDs and observe that under most, the vast majority of lifetimes (95%) last exactly the minimum registration term of one year. The exception to this is . com , which sees 40% of lifetimes renewed for at least one more year. We also identify lifetimes that are suspiciously short-lived ( e.g., 80% under .xyz ). Using blocklist data we conﬁrm that about 25% are reportedly malicious and study indicators if names are taken down and how quickly. Finally, we empirically study malicious name registration campaigns and show that this involves registrars that offer bulk registration options.
The Effect of Compensation, Career Development, and Job Rotation on Turnover Intention (A Study Of Operation Officer Employees In Visa Service Company)

:- The obstacles of the globalization era for company is how to achieve competitive advantage through the company's business achievements that are superior to competitors. The company must ensure that all of its employees have performed their best and contributed to the progress of the company's business. Employees have a vital role in a company to build a business, so it is necessary for company to give appropriate appreciation in order to avoid a desire to leave the company. This research expects to observe the effect of compensation, career development, job rotation on turnover intention in the operation officer division of a visa service company in Jakarta. The insightful procedure utilized in this exploration is SmartPLS 3.0. The number of samples in this study is 107 employees of the operation officer determined by the census sampling method. The results show that compensation significantly effect turnover intention. Career development not significantly effect on turnover intention. Job rotation significantly effect on turnover intention.