Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food Safety Practices And Determinants In Primary, Secondary And Post-secondary Learning Institutions In Nairobi, Kenya

Every year millions of people worldwide suffer food borne illnesses making it a major public health concern. The learning institutions are at a great risk of food borne illnesses due to their student population that require mass catering which has inherent risks associated with bulk handling of food. Furthermore, the food handlers who carry out the food service processes within the institutions are critical to food safety outcomes hence their food safety knowledge and practices i need to be monitored. Finally, the adequacy and reliability of institutional financing determines its ability to source safe food items, procure necessary food safety equipments and to hire appropriate personnel. The general objective was to determine the food safety practices and their determinants in primary, secondary and post-secondary learning institutions of Nairobi and to suggest ways of improving food safety outcomes. This was a cross-sectional study employing quantitative methods. The study was carried out in Nairobi Kenya which had 110 learning institutions with feeding programmes. These were first stratified based on their level of education into primary, secondary and post-secondary and then based on ownership into public and private institutions. A proportionate stratified random sampling method was used to select 30 institutions for the study. The study utilized Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire (KAQ), Practice Observation Checklist (POC) and Equipment Evaluation Log (EEL) to collect data. The mean percentage scores for every institution was then calculated and entered into the Predictive Analytic Soft Ware (PASW) statistical programme which was also used to carry out the descriptive and associational analyses of the study variables. A total of 30 institutions participated of which 43.3% were primary schools and 63.3% were private institutions. The mean percentage score for food safety practices for all the institutions was 48.7%. This, however, varied across the level
Percentiles of Oxygen Saturations (SpO 2 ) and Heart Rates (HR) in Premature Infants in the Delivery Room

Background: Theaimwastodescribereferencevaluesof oxygensaturation(SpO 2 )andheartrate(HR)inpreterminfantsimmedi-ately after birth. Methods: The preterm (< 35 gestational age) infants who did not require any intervention were included in the study. The record-ings were taken by pulse oximetry during the ﬁrst 15 minutes of life. Results: Totally151infantswereanalyzed. At1minute,themedian(IQR)preductalSpO 2 andHRwere61% (57-66)and100(90-107.3) bpm, rising at 5, 10 and 15 minutes to 80% (75 - 84) and 155 (142 - 164) bpm, 90% (88 - 92) and 155 (150 - 160) bpm, 96% (94 - 98) and 155 (149 - 162) bpm respectively. Conclusions: Oxygen saturation levels of preterm infants in delivery room are lower than reported in NRP guidelines. Clinicians who use pulseoximetry in HR follow upof premature babies should knowHR may be < 100 bpm in ﬁrst minutesof life and should avoid unnecessary positive pressure ventilation.
Postoperative Day 1 Discharge Following Elective Shoulder Arthroplasty

Background The number of shoulder arthroplasty procedures performed has greatly increased in recent years and this trend is expected to continue. However, accelerated recoveries by way of reduced postoperative hospital stays have not been studied for this patient population as extensively as in the hip and knee arthroplasty literature. The average length of stay for shoulder arthroplasty patients has consistently been found to be between 2 and 2.5 days. We conducted a study to determine whether postoperative day 1 (POD1) discharge would put patients at increased risk for complications and readmission following elective shoulder arthroplasty. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty (reverse or anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty) performed by one surgeon at one institution from 2008 to 2015 was conducted. All elective primary shoulder arthroplasty patients were included. Exclusion criteria included revision arthroplasty, humeral head replacement, humeral head resurfacing, and arthroplasty for fracture. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, postoperative length of stay, hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge, and reason for readmission were collected. The 30-day readmission rate was the primary outcome used in determination of the safety of this practice. Results A total of 353 patients were found to meet our criteria, of which 205 (58.1%) were discharged on POD1. A total of 83 patients were discharged on postoperative day 2 or 3 (POD2-3) from 2008 to 2011. Of those discharged on POD1, 8 were found to have been readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of original discharge to give an overall readmission rate of 3.90%. The most common reason for readmission was dyspnea (3/8, 37.5%). No risk factors were found to be associated with increased likelihood of readmission in this patient group. There were 4 readmissions in the POD2-3 discharge group to give an overall readmission rate of 4.82% (4/83). No statistically significant difference was found between 30-day readmission rates of POD1 and POD2-3 discharge elective shoulder arthroplasty patients in this study or shoulder arthroplasty patients in general from other studies (P > .100). Conclusion POD1 discharge following elective shoulder arthroplasty does not increase the risk for postoperative complications requiring hospital readmission. With shorter hospital stays, POD1 discharge following elective shoulder arthroplasty could provide a method to reduce healthcare expenditures.
Fast texture classification of denoised SAR image patches using GLCM on Spark

: Classification of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image is an essential process for SAR image analysis and interpretation. Recent advances in imaging technologies have allowed data sizes to grow, and a large number of applications in many areas have been generated. However, analysis of high-resolution SAR images, such as classification, is a time-consuming process and high-speed algorithms are needed. In this study, classification of high-speed denoised SAR image patches by using Apache Spark clustering framework is presented. Spark is preferred due to its powerful open-source cluster-computing framework with fast, easy-to-use, and in-memory analytics. Classification of SAR images is realized on patch level by using the supervised learning algorithms embedded in the Spark machine learning library. The feature vectors used as the classifier input are obtained using gray-level cooccurrence matrix which is chosen to quantitatively evaluate textural parameters and representations. SAR image patches used to construct the feature vectors are first applied to the noise reduction algorithm to obtain a more accurate classification accuracy. Experimental studies were carried out using naive Bayes, decision tree, and random forest algorithms to provide comparative results, and significant accuracies were achieved. The results were also compared with a state-of-the-art deep learning method. TerraSAR-X images of high-resolution real-world SAR images were used as data.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of topical 5% amlexanox oral paste and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide oral paste in the treatment of oral ulcers

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common condition of the mucosa of oral cavity. The present study was aimed to compare efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% and 5% amlexanox in management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 48 patients with history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 24 each. Group I was prescribed topical application of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide and groupie was given topical application of 5% amlexanox. Both were to be applied on ulcers three times a day for 5 minutes. Patients were evaluated on 1st day, 4th day and 7th day for pain, size and erythema. Results: Group I had 10 males and 14 females and group II had 12 males and 12 females. The difference was nonsignificant (P>0.05). The mean VAS score in group I on 1st day was 5.2, in group II was 6.4. On 4th day it was 3.2 in group I and 3.6 in group II. It was 1.4 in group I and 2.0 in group II on 7th day. The difference was significant (P<0.05). The mean size of ulcer on 1st day was 4.3 mm and 4.8 mm in group I and group II respectively. It was 3.4 mm and 3.2 mm on 4th day in group I and group II respectively. It was 2.6 mm and 1.8 mm on 7th day in group I and group II respectively. The difference was nonsignificant (P>0.05). On 1st day, there was severe erythema seen in both groups. On 7th day, it was mild in both groups. Conclusion: Both 5% amlexanox and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide found to be effective in reducing size, erythema and pain in cases of aphthous ulcers.
Features of Language Assessment Literacy in Iranian English Language Teachers' Perceptions and Practices

Language assessment literacy (LAL), mainly defined as knowledge and skills of language assessment, in the last two decades, has started to receive the attention it deserves. As one of the significant findings, based on a plethora of research, many second language (L2) teachers have been indicated to be professionally incompetent in terms of LAL. To investigate the status of LAL among Iranian English teachers, the present study was conducted. Three hundred and nine English teachers participated in answering a questionnaire. Besides, 24 teachers were interviewed based on a semi-structured interview. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis and interpretation techniques were employed to find answers to the research questions which sought to investigate the features of language assessment literacy in language teachers' perceptions. The findings indicated that, overall, LAL is of concern to Iranian L2 (English) teachers. However, they also agree that their current level of both knowledge and practice in terms of LAL is not ideal. Furthermore, it was found that, as the teachers perceive it, assessment promotes learning and teaching; the nature of teacher-learner relationships affects evaluation; and, testing and assessment are seen as challenging notions due to their mathematical concepts and statistics. The findings will contribute to a more profound perception of LAL and better planning and executing the programs for L2 teachers regarding the issue.
CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADE OPENNESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES

This paper examines the causal relationship between economic growth and trade openness for 15 Asian countries over period 1990–2017. We have applied panel cointegration and causality approaches to examine the long-run and causal relationship between variables. Empirical results confirm the presence of cointegration between variables. The impact of trade openness on economic growth is found to be positive. The panel VECM Granger causality analysis reveals the bidirectional causality between economic growth and trade openness.
Ensemble of Deep Neural Networks for Rice Leaf Disease Classification

Rapid disease identification is critical for prompt treatment and reduces crop losses. However, in developing countries, rice disease diagnosis is still mainly performed manually. Currently, deep learning is developing significantly and its applications in agriculture are undeniable. So we decide to propose a method using deep learning in which we ensemble CNN models based on the combination of two neural network architectures ResNet and DenseNet. We get a high accuracy result in our experiments to classify rice leaf disease images. The experimental results show that our combination is compatible with the CNN model and gets an average test F1 score of 0.96 for 10 trials. We believe that our initial results in this project can demonstrate the possibility of wide application of artificial intelligence for agriculture and contribute efficiently to the economy.
Association of Innovative Work Behaviour, Organizational Frustration and Work-family Conflict among Private Sector Employees

Private sector is so challenging and demanding owing to market competitions and unfavorable work environment which frustrate employees’ efforts. Against this backdrop, this study explored the association of innovative work behavior, organizational frustration and work-family conflict among employees of Innoson Technical and Industrial Company Ltd Emene, Enugu, Nigeria. The sample population of the study comprised 112 private sector workers (89 males and 23 females) with age range from 23-56 years with a mean age of 32.5 who were selected through simple random sampling. Instruments for data collection were: Innovative work behaviour scale, organizational frustration scale and work-family conflict scale. In the method session, Correlation design was adopted and Pearson chi-square statistic was used to analyze the association among variables. Three hypotheses guided the inquiry and the result indicated that: innovative work behaviour was significantly associated with organizational frustration and work-family conflict at 1446.4, p < . 05 Original Research Article Leonard et al.; AJARR, 8(2): 20-29, 2020; Article no.AJARR. 53975 21 and 1761.6 p < . 05 (n = 112) respectively; while organizational frustration was also significantly associated with work-family conflict at 1799.2, p < . 05 (n = 112). The finding imply that innovative work behaviour can influence a reduced level of organizational frustration and work-family conflict while organizational frustration can influence an increased level of work-family conflict among private sector employees. It is recommended that private sector organizations encourage the growth of innovative trait among workers and implement same in their recruitment policy to engender reduced levels of organizational frustration and work-family conflict.
The Effect of Patients Awareness, Body Weight and Exercise On The Glycaemic Control In Type2 Diabetic Patients In Gabber Abu Elaaz Diabetic Center, Khartoum

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term medical attention both to limit the development of its devastating complications and to manage them when they do occur. It is an expensive disease. It is a common disease in Sudan. It is a cause of major morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to assess patient’s glycaemic control and to assess the impact of patient’s therapeutic education on the control of the diease, also to assess effect of body weight on the control. The study was conducted at one of the best well formed diabetic center in Sudan (Gabber Abu Elaaz) where all facilities for patient’s therapeutic education, diabetologist, diabetic nurse, dietician, dermatologist, ophthalmologist, surgical care, investigations, were available for follow-up. Hundred adult diabetics, fifty were males, fifty were females were selected randomly and were assessed clinically and biochemically, their level of knowledge regarding diabetes, its management and complications, and their body mass index were assessed. The mean age was (57.9) years, (range 35–85 years), mean duration of diabetes, was (8.7) years. Most of these patients were either illiterate or just received primary education (77%). The symptomatology of these patients gives clear indication to their uncontrolled blood sugar levels, and complications. Polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, numbness, impairment of vision, were the most prevalent symptoms. Presence of retinopathy & peripheral neuropathy have significant correlation to duration of DM. Fasting blood glucose & HBA1c for these patients showed that, 76% of these patients had FBS levels above the normal range, and only 14% had HBA1c less 6.5%. Level of knowledge was adequate, 81% were between good level and moderate level of knowledge regarding awareness about diabetes complications & diet, but the weakness appeared in the aspect of diabetes management and its complications. No correlation between level of knowledge and the glycemic control was found. 60% of the patients were overweight or obese. No significant correlation between BMI and glycemic control. Self-monitoring of blood glucose using glucometers was practiced by (11%). Few had regular exercise practice. Females were less active than males (22%). Although the degree of knowledge is acceptable, most patients were not well controlled. Specialized programs of diabetes education, simple educational tools and well trained educators were recommended to address older patients, illiterate groups and those with language difficulties to improve the glycaemic control.
RISK SHOCKS, RISK MANAGEMENT, AND INVESTMENT

This paper studies the macroeconomic effects of shocks to idiosyncratic business risk in an economy with endogenously incomplete markets. I develop a model in which firms face idiosyncratic risk and obtain insurance from intermediaries through contracts akin to credit lines. Insurance is imperfect due to limited commitment in financial contracts. Although steady-state capital is higher than if firms were constrained to issue only standard equity, a rise in uncertainty about idiosyncratic business outcomes leads to an endogenous reduction in risk sharing. This deterioration in risk sharing results from a general-equilibrium shortage of pledgeable assets and implies that the economy’s response to an increase in idiosyncratic business risk can be amplified by financial contracting rather than dampened. In a parametrized version of the model, a rise in idiosyncratic business risk generates a large increase in uncertainty about aggregate investment.
An Empirical Analysis of Death of ChildrenUnder Five Years in Rwanda

The early childhood mortality is still high and a huge problem in sub-Saharan Africa region. The aim of this paper is to identify factors which cause the death of children under five years and the prevalence of them. The study applied quantitative method in which 3015 mothers that have lost children under five years were investigated. The analysis in this paper was done with the help of simple percentages and survival analysis. The results indicate that 44.4% of the children under five die because of malnutrition, 11.8% of the children under five die because of diarrhea, 17.1% of the children under five die because of poisoning. The hazard of death is highest in the neonatal period and malnutrition diminishes cognitive and physical development of children, it is very important to encourage the health workers to teach the mother to take in healthy food and show them the wide varieties.
Disclosure Quality Rankings and Stock Misvaluation – Evidence from Chinese Stock Market

ABSTRACT Using SZSE’s disclosure rankings data, this paper studies the relation between firms’ disclosure quality and stock mispricing in emerging markets. We find that higher disclosure ranking grades, the proxy for disclosure quality, is associated with less stock misvaluation in the sense that market price deviates less from its fundamental. We also investigate the variation in this relation across industries and time. Our results document that the association between disclosure ranking grades and stock misvaluation is stronger for firms in more competitive industries. This finding suggests that higher disclosure ranking grades help draw more investors’ attention, which will reinforce the role of corporate disclosure in reducing stock misvaluation. In addition, increase in disclosure ranking grades is more effective in reducing stock misvaluation in years prior to China’s Split Share Structure Reform (SSSR), which is consistent with our conjecture that corporate disclosure is more valuable in promoting pricing efficiency when private information collection activities are less active.
Investigating the Presence of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in India and China: An Autoregressive Distributive Lag Approach

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis advocates a reversed U-shaped association between different pollutants and per capita income. EKC postulates that speedy growth certainly results in environmental degradation due to glut use of natural resources and emission of pollutants. The study used carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, and the annual growth rate of population to investigate the EKC hypothesis in India and China for the period of 1971–2013. Furthermore, to explore the long-run and short-run relationship among competing variables, the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) is used. Granger causality test is used to investigate the long-run and short-run causality between variables under study. The results support the EKC hypothesis in India and China, in both long-run and short-run, and inverse U-shaped association is found between CO2 emission and economic growth. Unidirectional causality seen in both countries in terms of economic growth and CO2 emissions. In addition, the coefficient of economic growth in a short-run model provides the evidence that there has been a gradual decline in environmental degradation (downward sloping of EKC) and the quality of the environment is gradually improving in China. Based on the findings, the study suggests that environmental policymakers, especially in India, should seriously address the issue of CO2 emissions as it has a tendency to move faster in the coming years.
Harmonic versus electrocautery in the dissection of gall bladder in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: To demonstrate the efficiency and safety of Harmonic scalpel in comparison with electrocautery for gallbladder dissection and hemostasis in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and methods: A prospective comparative, study was done at Al-Jamhori Teaching Hospital in Mosul, during the period from 1 st of January 2010 to 1 st of January 2012. Three hundred and twenty patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the following criteria were applied for selection: they had chronic cholecystitis, no complaint at time of operation, age between 25 to 50 years, normal body weight, with American Score of Anesthesia (ASA) of 1 or 2, no previous upper abdominal operation, no, or well controlled hypertension or diabetes, gall bladder wall thickness with less than 6 mm by preoperative ultrasonography and all the patients were operated by the authors. The patients were divided into two groups according to the instrument used for dissection of gall bladder from its bed, the first group with electrocautery and second group with harmonic scalpel. The time needed for complete dissection and hemostasis started from spreading of Calot’s triangle till removal of gall bladder totally from its bed, was recorded. Any intra operative complications: bleeding, gallbladder perforation, slipped stones, or conversion were recorded. Results: The study included 320 patients, 172 patients belonged to the first group (electrocautery) and 148 patients belonged to second group (harmonic). For the first group, the median time was 17 minutes, the mean time was 17.7 minutes and the mode was 13 minutes, while that for second group, the median time was 14 minutes, with a mean time of 16 minutes and a mode of 14 minutes. Intra-operative bleeding was recorded in 34 (20%) for the first group and 17 (11%) for the second one. Gallbladder perforation was recorded in 26 (15%) patients and slipped stone in 12 (7%) patients in the electrocautery group and 13(9%) and 5 (3%) respectively in the harmonic group. No common bile duct injury was recorded in either group. Conversion was needed in 4 patients (1.3%), 3 (2%) patients belonged to the first group and one (06%) to the second group. Conclusion: Harmonic scalpel is very safe and effective instrument for dissection of gall bladder and hemostasis in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can replace electrocautery for this purpose if available at operative theater.