Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feedback at scale: designing for accurate and timely practical digital skills evaluation

ABSTRACT The global demand for digital proficiency has resulted in increasing pressure to “massify” education. As practical digital skills development becomes more important, there is a need to design accurate and timely performance feedback systems that can scale to a large number of learners. This paper contributes meta-requirements and design principles for designing a socio-technical artefact that offers a solution to the general problem of providing performance feedback at scale. The artefact evaluation provides interesting results for achieving the three objectives of a) scalability to a large number of learners, b) validity and reliability of the feedback, and c) positive impact on learners’ behaviour and engagement with the feedback system. These results are obtained through the synergistic contribution of pedagogical prioritisation (i.e., what skills to cover), assignment design (i.e., what tasks to use to evaluate mastery) and automated measurement (i.e., grading engine functionalities for error detection).
Testing Densities and Refractive Indices of Extraterrestrial Ice Components Using Molecular Structures—Organic Compounds and Molar Refractions

The use of infrared spectra to determine molecular abundances of icy astronomical objects and to study their chemistry requires laboratory measurements of reference spectra and related quantities, such as the index of refraction (n) and density (ρ) of candidate ices. Here we present new n and ρ measurements on ices involving over 30 C-, H-, and O-containing compounds, both acyclic and cyclic, representing seven chemical families. We examine the results in a way that is rare in the astrochemical literature, namely one in which data from an ice formed from molecules of a particular chemical family are compared to measurements on another member of the same family, such as of a homologous series or a pair of isomers. Apart from the intrinsic usefulness of the n and ρ data, a structure-based comparison can help establish trends and identify possibly spurious results. As liquid-phase data sometimes are used in low-temperature astrochemical work in the absence of solid-phase measurements, we compare our new ice results to those for the corresponding room-temperature liquids. We emphasize the use of our n and ρ data to compute the molar refraction (RM) for each of our ices, and how the resulting RM values compare to those expected from molecular structures. The use of calculated RM values and measured n values to calculate ice densities, in the absence of direct measurements, is also addressed.
On the Time Evolution of the Arctic Oscillation and Related Wintertime Phenomena under Different Forcing Scenarios in an Ensemble Approach

The Arctic Oscillation (AO) and its related wintertime phenomena are investigated under climate change by 2099 in an ensemble approach using the CESM1 Large Ensemble and the MPI-ESM Grand Ensemble with different RCP scenarios. The loading pattern of the AO is defined as the leading mode of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of sea level pressure from 20° to 90°N. It is shown that the traditional AO index (AOI) calculation method, using a base period in a single climate realization, brings subjectivity to the investigation of the AO-related phenomena. Therefore, if an ensemble is available, the changes in the AO and its related phenomena should rather be studied by a reconsidered EOF analysis (snapshot EOF) introduced herein. This novel method is based only on the instantaneous fields of the ensemble, and hence it is capable of monitoring the time evolution of the AO’s pattern and amplitude. Furthermore, the instantaneous correlation coefficientrcan objectively be calculated between the AOI and, for example, the surface temperature, and thus the time dependence of the strength of these connections can also be revealed. Results emphasize that both the AO and the related surface temperature pattern are nonstationary and their time evolution depends on the forcing. The AO’s amplitude increases and the Pacific center strengthens considerably in each scenario. Additionally, there exist such regions (e.g., northern Europe or western North America) wherershows remarkable change (0.2–0.4) by 2099. This study emphasizes the importance of the snapshot framework when studying changes in the climate system.
A cross-sectional study on prevalence of hypertension and risk factors associated with hypertension in a rural area of North Kerala

physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and family history. Due to inadequate access to health-care facilities at rural areas, the early screening and treatment of HTN are not done regularly, so we conducted this study. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HTN and risk factors associated with it in the rural community of North Kerala. Materials and Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at selected gram panchayath in rural field practice area of a private medical college. Sample size was 200 and convenient sampling method used. Data were collected visiting homes and blood pressure measured with mercury sphygmomanometer by descriptive statistics and Chi-square-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 200 participants, 52.5% and 47.5% were females and males, respectively. The overall prevalence of HTN was 21% and risk factors associated were male gender, aged ≥45 years, lack of exercise, obesity and high waist circumference. Conclusion: About 15.5% of cases were newly diagnosed for HTN. The risk factors identified were male gender, aged ≥45 years, lack of exercise, high body mass index and central obesity. Addressing these risk factors as earliest by health education regarding lifestyle changes and early detection and treatment initiation for HTN will decrease the burden of HTN and other non-communicable diseases. ABSTRACT
Effects of Decompressive Craniectomy on Functional Outcomes and Mortality in Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is often considered as a lifesaving measure for trauma and ischemic stroke. Selected patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have been subjected to DC, but its benefits remain unknown. The aim of this meta-analytic review is to surmise the overall effects of DC on poor-grade aSAH outcomes. Methods: Data were acquired from previous publications on DC and the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists (SAHIT) Repository. We performed both study-level and individual participant analysis. Results: Fifteen published studies and one dataset from SAHIT met our inclusion criteria. DC was associated with high event rate of unfavorable outcomes and mortality, however, the overall quality of evidence was poor due to high risks of bias and significant heterogeneity in most outcome measures. Conclusion: The currently available evidence suggests that the impact of DC on poor-grade aSAH outcomes is trending toward a harmful effect. High-quality prospective studies are urgently needed.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of honey collected from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia on pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture

The objectives of this research were to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of honey from East Nusa Tenggara, produced by Trigona spp. , on pathogenic bacteria in fish. The honey used in this research was collected specifically from Semau and Timor Islands while Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginoliticus were used as the testing bacteria. The chemical composition tests included moisture content (gravimetric), pH, total sugar (spectrophotometric). The honey was tested for the presence of the following active compounds: alkaloids, flavonoids, tanin, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity tests were conducted using “paper disk” method with undiluted honey samples. The moisture content of the Semau honey (33 %) was higher than that of the Timor honey (24.65 %), but the total sugar of the Semau honey ( 6.62 %) was lower than that of the Timor honey (74.22%). All honey from both sources (Semau and Timor) in East Nusa Tenggara contained alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids but did not contain flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Antibacterial tests showed that the honey from both sources, Semau and Timor, showed antibacterial activity against V. Alginoliticus and A. hydrophila; the V. alginolitycus inhibition zone diameters were 8.5 mm and 10.5 mm, respectively, while and the A. hydrophila inhibition zone diameter was 8 mm for both honeys.
Putting the “self” in selfies: how narcissism, envy and self-promotion motivate sharing of travel photos through social media

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of narcissism, envy and self-promotion on travellers’ sharing of travel-related photographs of themselves (“selfies”) through social media, based upon social comparison theory. The role of social media in increasing individuals’ levels of narcissism and envy is also examined. Data was collected via an online survey of 674 respondents. The results of the study suggest that narcissism and envy increase the likelihood of travellers posting selfies both directly, and through self-promotion as a mediator. Furthermore, the study finds that as social media usage increases, so do levels of narcissism and envy.
Biofuels of Green Diesel–Kerosene–Gasoline Production from Palm Oil: Effect of Palladium Cooperated with Second Metal on Hydrocracking Reaction

In this work, two kinds of catalyst called monometallic Palladium (Pd) and a bimetallic of Pd-Iron (Fe) were synthesised using aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as the supported material via the wet impregnate method. A monometallic catalyst (0.5% Pd/Al2O3) named Pd cat was used as control. For the bimetallic catalyst, ratios of Pd to Fe were varied, and included 0.38% Pd–0.12% Fe (PF1), 0.25% Pd–0.25% Fe (PF2), and 0.12% Pd–0.38% Fe (PF3). The catalysts were characterised to investigate physical properties such as the surface area, pore size, porosity, and pore size distribution including their composition by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, all catalysts were applied for biofuels production in terms of green diesel/kerosene/gasoline from palm oil via a hydrocracking reaction. The results showed that the loading of Fe to Pd/Al2O3 could improve the active surface area, porosity, and pore diameter. Considering the catalytic efficiency for the hydrocracking reaction, the highest crude biofuel yield (94.00%) was obtained in the presence of PF3 catalyst, while Pd cat provided the highest refined biofuel yield (86.00%). The largest proportion of biofuel production was green diesel (50.00–62.02%) followed by green kerosene (31.71–43.02%) and green gasoline (6.10–8.11%), respectively. It was clearly shown that the Pd-Fe bimetallic and Pd monometallic catalysts showed potential for use as chemical catalysts in hydrocracking reactions for biofuel production.
The "Weighty" Manufacturing Sector: Transforming Raw Materials into Physical Goods

The manufacturing sector encompasses a diverse set of industries that are involved in the transformation of raw materials into physical goods. Over the last two decades, the U.S.’s manufacturing value added (MVA) has slightly grown, however, the U.S.’s percentage of global MVA has declined due to China’s exponential rise. Likewise, in contrast to net employment in the U.S. economy, which has increased, net employment in manufacturing (while growing slightly since 2010) is significantly lower than in the 1980s. As a whole, the manufacturing sector involves higher value added per capita employed, a greater proportion of the labor force with education at the high school level or below while having on average higher wages for that labor force, higher industry spending on R&D, and fewer private equity/ venture capital deals financing new ventures than non-manufacturing industries such as services (including software). The U.S.’s relatively high R&D spending on manufacturing (66% of industrial R&D) and comparatively low manufacturing value added (14%) is at least in part due to the globalization of manufacturing facilities in the last decade. The above said, drawing implications from sector-wide trends can be misleading because of the variation in these indicators across sub-sectors. At the five-digit NAICS code level, the top sources of employment are animal processing, aerospace products, and printing (on various materials including textile, metal, plastics); the top sources of revenue are petroleum refineries and automotive; and the top source of R&D spending is pharmaceuticals. Considering the sector’s diversity will be critical to understanding productivity and labor outcome effects, and appropriate policy responses, if any.
Progress in gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy

The dramatic success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in metastatic melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has made them a cornerstone in the therapeutic armamentarium of these malignancies. However, the role of these immunomodulating agents in the spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors has only recently come into focus. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated up-regulation of checkpoint molecules [i.e., programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)] and increased somatic mutations in select GI tumors, making checkpoint blockade potentially effective. In the clinical setting, patients with microsatellite instability high (MSI-high) and PD-L1 positive gastric and esophageal cancer have shown pronounced responses to single-agent administration of checkpoint antibodies. More recently, responses have also been seen in subsets of patients with biliary and anal cancer. Furthermore, novel immunotherapeutic strategies have been employed in patients with pancreatic cancer and microsatellite stable colorectal cancer (CRC) with preliminary success. Despite current limitations of small sample sizes, highly anticipated prospective data are expected to accrue in the coming years. Finding new combination strategies and predictive biomarkers of response will be critical in optimizing efficacy of these agents and ensuring the highest likelihood of benefit. In this review, we will explore key clinical trials that investigate ICIs alone or in combination with additional chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy in patients with gastric, esophageal, colorectal, pancreas, biliary and anal cancer.
Mothers’ Self-Efficacy Regarding Dietary Behaviour and Physical Activity of Preschool Children

Background Obesity constitutes a crucial health issue during preschool period and has an impact on children regardless their ethnic backgrounds. The purpose of the study was to examine the self-efficacy perceptions of mothers and potential differences and correlations with dietary behaviour and physical activity of their preschool children in Finland. Materials and Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 154 mothers from nine private nurseries who lived in greater Helsinki and have Finnish or other nationality. There were 7 categories of geographical regions from which mothers came from, according to the nationality they declared. For the data collection the "Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire" was used, which evaluates the self-efficacy of parents regarding the dietary behaviour and physical activity of their children. Results: The age range of the children was between 3 up to 6 years of age (Mean=5.08 + 0.96), while the age range of mothers was between 25 up to 54 years of age (Mean=37.7+ 4.85). Positive correlations were found between maternal self-efficacy and children’s physical activity as well as between maternal self-efficacy and dietary behaviour. As it occurs from the analysis of the results from Pearson correlations: dietary behaviour had a positive correlation with physical activity r=0.583, p Conclusion: Despite the non-statistically significant differences on these two factors, the results also showed high mean score values on maternal self-efficacy so in physical activity, as in dietary behaviour. Mothers who living in the same country which offers well structured guidelines about integrating nutrition and physical activity to help prevent lifestyle related diseases, possibly explains the fact that there are no differences related to ethnicity.
Portraits of Women: Mexican and Chilean Stereotypes in Digital Advertising

By 2020, brands will invest half of their marketing budget on Internet advertising. The Internet has effective potential in advertising, and it can mold stereotypical roles for future generations of consumers. Social norms and beliefs towards respect and gender equality can be reinforced through digital advertising. This study compares empirical evidence of how women are portrayed in digital advertising on Facebook from Mexico and Chile. Samples were compiled by selecting forty fan pages with the most followers –20 from Mexico and 20 from Chile. 1600 posts were examined by quantitative content analysis method. Results show that Mexican posts use 10.2% more sexist stereotypes than Chilean posts. In a traditional role’s context, advertising emphasizes behaviors along gender stereotypes, where women are not perceived equal to men. “I love shoes” (97.5%), a Mexican company with the second highest number of followers and “Forever 21,” an American juvenile clothing brand (85%) in Chile, are the brands that portray women in mostly traditional roles. These data reinforce the theory that femaleaudience brands support sexist values in advertising. Both countries show women engaged in activities outside the home, but not professionally or as an authority figure. Summary, in many ways, evidence suggests a paradoxical approach to portrayals of women in Mexican and Chilean Facebook fan page advertising.
Engaging Indian Parents and Children In Early Childhood Centres in Melbourne, Australia

In Australia, the implementation of inclusive policies by early childhood educators (teachers) and their interpretation of multiculturalism in early childhood centres have presented multiple barriers to Indian parents’ educational aspirations for their children. The literature review undertaken as part of this thesis revealed that gaps had developed in parent-teacher communication in early childhood centres. The Multicultural Umbrella Model (MUM) was used as a conceptual framework and a constructivist methodology helped build case studies of the multicultural participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit the social and cultural teaching and learning provided by Indian parents and early childhood educators for Indian children. The analysis of the findings has led to the recommendation that a redesigned Multicultural Umbrella Model (MUM) be implemented by early childhood educators to help reflect on their practice and use the framework’s tools for better communications.
Disentangling functional connectivity effects of age and expertise in long-term meditators

The effects of intensive meditation practices on the functional and structural organization of the human brain have been addressed by a growing number of neuroscientific studies. However, the different modulations of meditation expertise and of ageing, in the underlying brain areas and networks, have not yet been fully elucidated. These effects should be distinguished in order to clarify how long-term meditation can modulate the connectivity between brain areas. To address this issue, we tested whether meditation expertise and age can be predicted from the multivariate pattern of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging connectivity, in Theravada Buddhist monks with long-term practice in two different meditation forms: Focused Attention (FA) and Open Monitoring (OM). We found that functional connectivity patterns in both meditation forms can be used to predict expertise and age of long-term meditators. Our findings suggest that meditation expertise is associated with meditation-specific brain networks modulations, while age-related modifications are general and independent from the meditation type. Specifically, expertise modulated patterns during FA meditation include nodes and connections implicated in focusing, sustaining and monitoring attention, while the predictive patterns during OM meditation include nodes associated with cognitive and affective monitoring. Thus, the two forms of meditation may differentially contribute to counteract the effects of neurocognitive decline with ageing by neuroplasticity of brain networks.
Déterminants sociaux et professionnels de la cognition

Le vieillissement cognitif est un processus lent et progressif influence par de nombreux facteurs individuels mais aussi contextuels, dont les conditions de travail et les caracteristiques de l’environnement residentiel. Cependant, l’impact de ces expositions environnementales sur la cognition reste largement sous-etudie. L'objectif principal de cette these est d’etudier le role des determinants sociaux et professionnels dans la cognition en population generale, en France. La mise en place en 2012 de la cohorte Constances permet d'etudier cette problematique de facon transversale sur une population âgee de 45 a 70 ans (~70 000 participants), la cohorte 3C (9 294 participants) quant a elle, nous permet d’analyser sous l’angle social une population âgee de plus de 65 ans suivie depuis les annees 2000. Nous avons montre dans ces deux populations differentes, un effet des caracteristiques socioeconomiques du lieu de residence sur le niveau de performances cognitives et le risque de demence, independamment du niveau socioeconomique individuel et de nombreuses autres caracteristiques individuelles. Dans Constances, nous avons observe que les performances cognitives sont precocement associees a une exposition professionnelle aux produits chimiques (solvants et formaldehyde), independamment des caracteristiques individuelles et des facteurs de penibilite au travail. Ces resultats suggerent que les environnements dans lesquels nous vivons, l'environnement socio-economique et/ou l'environnement de travail, ont un impact sur le niveau de performances cognitives et la survenue de demence, et peuvent etre source d’inegalites sociales de sante dans le domaine du vieillissement cognitif.
Attitudes towards Persons with Disabilities by Educational Science Students: Importance of Contact, Its Frequency and the Type of Disability

ABSTRACT According to Contact Theory, direct experience between people with and without disabilities seems to be the basis for building and changing beliefs and, therefore, behaviours. The present study enquires into Educational Science university students’ attitudes towards people with disabilities analysing the differences that occur on the basis of the frequency of contact (almost permanent, habitual, frequent or sporadic), and the type of disability (motor, hearing, visual, intellectual or multiple) of the person with whom the contact is maintained. The participants were 900 students of the Faculty of Education of the University of Granada who completed the Scale of Attitudes towards people with disabilities. The analysis carried out shows significant differences depending on the contact with people with disabilities in different factors of the scale. In addition, there are more favourable attitudes in students who maintain sporadic contact, and also those in those with contact with people with sensory disabilities.