Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the MYST histone acetyltransferase MYS-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mitglieder aus der MYST Familie der Histonacetyltransferasen (HATs) finden sich in Eukaryoten von der Backerhefe bis zum Menschen. Sie binden Acetylgruppen kovalent an Lysine von Histonen sowie anderen Proteinen. Mit dieser Funktion verandern sie die Struktur von Chromatin und beeinflussen so elementare zellulare Prozesse wie Transkription, DNA-Replikation und DNA-Reparatur. Genomweite Acetylierung des Lysin 16 von Histon H4 (H4K16Ac) wird von den konservierten Homologen Sas2 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), dMOF (Drosophila melanogaster) und hMOF (Homo sapiens) in ihren jeweiligen Spezies durchgefuhrt, und diese Homologen sind Untereinheiten von Multiproteinkomplexen. Ihre Acetylierungsaktivitat ist durch zusatzliche Untereinheiten der Komplexe reguliert. Dosiskompensation in Fliegen wird von dMOF vermittelt, das als Untereinheit des MSL Komplexes H4K16 an mannlichen Chromosomen acetyliert, was zu erhohter Transkription am X-Chromosom fuhrt. MYS-2 ist eine Histonacetyltransferase der MYST Familie aus dem Modellorganismus Caenorhabditis elegans. Nur wenig ist bisher uber die Funktion von MYS-2 bekannt. Es wurde jedoch berichtet, dass MYS-2 die Zellidentitat beeinflusst und die Vererbung von RNA-Interferenz vermittelt. In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass MYS-2 ubiquitar exprimiert ist, dass es eine essentielle Funktion hat, und dass es die und fruhe Embryogenese beeinflusst. MYS-2 war wahrend der kompletten Entwicklung in Keimbahnzellen und somatischem Gewebe exprimiert einschlieslich der ersten Stadien der Embryogenese. Der Grosteil von MYS-2 wurde in Zellkernen gefunden, wo es mit der DNA kolokalisierte. Daruber hinaus war das Fehlen von MYS-2 letal. Tiere, in denen MYS-2 depletiert war, wurden durch maternale Versorgung mit mys-2 Genprodukten vollstandig vor der Letalitat gerettet, wohingegen unvollstandige Versorgung mit geringen Mengen von mys-2 Genprodukten schwere Entwicklungsschaden verursachte. Die Wachstumsrate, allgemeine Morphologie und im speziellen die Vulva, die somatische Gonade und Keimbahnzellkerne waren betroffen. Diese Ergebnisse sind konsistent mit berichteten Effekten anderer Chromatinmodifikatoren in C. elegans, wie zum Beispiel der HAT CBP-1 oder der Histondeacetylase HDA-1. Im Gegensatz zu Berichten uber die nahen Homologen Sas2, dMOF und hMOF, wurde kein signifikanter Effekt auf die globale Menge an H4K16Ac beobachtet. In einem Screen nach Interaktoren wurde eine Reihe von Kandidaten gefunden, unter denen sich eine mogliche Untereinheit eines potentiellen MYS-2 enthaltenden Komplexes, sowie Histon H3 als potentielles Acetylierungssubstrat befinden. Zusammengefasst lassen unsere Daten vermuten, dass MYS-2 eine Funktion in der fruhen Embryogenese hat, wahrscheinlich durch die chromatinbasierte Regulation globaler Transkription.
The relationship between eggshell quality and bone biology in the laying hen

(1). In this thesis the relationship between eggshell quality and bone biology was examined over the laying life of two strains of hen; a highly selected commercial line and the relatively unselected J.Line. (2). The efficiency of using osteocalcin as a marker of osteoid formation, in collaboration with established markers of bone mineralisation and bone resorption, during eggshell calcification was ratified. (3). It was established that magnesium is actively removed from bone hydroxyapatite during resorption and transported to the shell gland pouch for incorporation into the palisade layer of the eggshell. (4). A relationship was demonstrated between hatched eggshell quality and the bone biology of newly hatched chicks. (5). The association between high egg output and poor bone structure was evident in the commercial laying strain hen. No such deficit in skeletal quality occurred in the relatively unselected J.Line. (6). The commercial line demonstrated a significantly higher rate of bone remodelling at late lay concomitant with osteoporosis. (7). The unselected J.Line demonstrated significantly higher rates of bone remodelling throughout lay. It was hypothesised that this was due to a greater propensity for bone upkeep during the inter-egg interval. (8). The provision of a prelay diet influenced neither bone volume nor mineral composition at the beginning of lay. (9). The feeding of a prelay diet led to a longer period of sustained high production and an earlier increase in egg weight. This was accompanied by a delay in the increase in osteoid formation and decreased levels of blood ionised calcium. This led to high "on farm" seconds at late lay due to abnormally high fracture toughness and the Incidence of type B's within the mammillary layer. (10). The reason for the observed decrease in hatchability associated with poorly pigmented eggshells in a commercial guinea fowl flock was related to premature expulsion of the egg. These thinner shelled eggs may have resulted from the process of artificial insemination.
Nutritional Changes of Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus) Kernel Subjected to Aspergillus niger Solid-state Fermentation

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Aspergillus niger solid-state fermentation on main nutritional content of cherry (Prunus cerasus) kernel. Three Aspergillus niger strains (ATCC 52172, ATCC 200345, ATCC 9142) were used in this study. Cherry kernels were analyzed for crude protein (CP), total ash (TA), total fat (TF), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) before and after fermentation to see nutritional change. CP level of the sour cherry increased by 14.1% and reached up to 41.66% from 27.56%. Fungal fermentation changed also TA, TF, CF, NFE, NDF, ADF contents of cherry kernel. These results suggest that solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus niger can be used for utilization nutritional properties of cherry kernels to make having potential in animal nutrition.
What about Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae)—a molecular hypothesis about its tribal status and circumscription

We endorse the tribal status of Cryptangieae and discuss its most probable sister-group based on phylogenetic analyses using rbc L, trn L- trn L- trn F and ITS sequences. Cryptangieae were poorly sampled in previous molecular phylogenies of Cyperaceae: only three of about 50 species were sampled and all of them are currently included in the genus Lagenocarpus . We gathered more data about the tribe to verify its monophyletic status and to clarify the relationships among the tribes of subfamily Cyperoideae. Here we present a phylogeny with 18 species of Cryptangieae including all three currently recognized genera. Cryptangieae appears as monophyletic with great support in our Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference analyses based on single and combined matrices. We emphasize the need for morphological, molecular and biogeographical data to achieve a broadly supported interpretation of the early divergent taxa of subfamily Cyperoideae.
Use of household steam cleaners to control microbial quality of animal carcasses in small and very small meat processing plants

This study investigated the efficacy of three household steam cleaners, S1, S2 and S3, in reducing the populations of artificially-inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces of pork skin as well as naturally-occurring pathogenic and spoilage bacterial populations on freshly-slaughtered beef (n = 72) and hog (n = 72) carcasses in four small or very small meat-processing plants in Georgia. The application of steam generated by S1, S2 or S3 for 180 s significantly reduced the population of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, total aerobes and thermoduric bacteria on the surface of pork skin (P ≤ 0.05). The treatment for 60 s with S1 significantly reduced the microflora at rump, midline, and neck regions of beef carcasses as well as ham, belly, and jowl regions of hog carcasses (P ≤ 0.05). Results suggest that household steam cleaners could be used as a critical control measure in small or very small meat-processing plants. INDEX WORDS: Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, total aerobes, thermoduric bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, steam pasteurization, household steam cleaning systems, pork skin, beef and hog carcasses, small and very small meat processors. USE OF HOUSEHOLD STEAM CLEANERS TO CONTROL MICROBIAL QUALITY OF ANIMAL CARCASSES IN SMALL AND VERY SMALL MEAT PROCESSING PLANTS
Vulnerability of megapodes (Megapodiidae, Aves) to climate change and related threats

SUMMARY Aspects of species life histories may increase their susceptibility to climate change. Owing to their exclusive reliance on environmental sources of heat for incubation, megapodes may be especially vulnerable. We employed a trait-based vulnerability assessment to weigh their exposure to projected climate variables of increasing temperatures, fluctuating rainfall and sea level rise and their biological sensitivity and capacity to adapt. While all 21 species were predicted to experience at least a 2 °C increase in mean annual temperature, 12 to experience a moderate or greater fluctuation in rainfall and 16 to experience rising seas, the most vulnerable megapodes are intrinsically rare and range restricted. Species that employ microbial decomposition for incubation may have an adaptive advantage over those that do not and may be more resilient to climate change. The moderate microclimate necessary for mound incubation, however, may in some areas be threatened by anthropogenic habitat loss exacerbated by warmer and seasonally drier conditions. As with many avian species, little is known about the capacity of megapodes to adapt to a changing climate. We therefore recommend that future research efforts investigate megapode fecundity, gene flow and genetic connectivity at the population level to better determine their adaptive capacity.
Live weight and body measurements of male and female native ducks raised in different raising systems

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine live weight and body measurements of male and female native ducks raised in different raising systems. One hundred and twenty native ducks (60 males, 60 females) were used in the study. The ducks were raised in deep litter floor and cage systems. Live weight and body values were measured every two weeks, until they were 56 days old. Three-parameter logistic regression and Gompertz model were used to determine growth model of [. ]
Genetic events in colorectal tumorigenesis

C H A P T E R 1: I N T R O D U C T IO N 1.1 The Pathology o f Colorectal Neoplasia 6 1.2 Colorectal Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas 7 1.3 Evidence for the Adenoma to Carcinoma Sequence 9 1.4 Environmental and Dietary Factors Influencing Colorectal Cancer 10 1.5 The Genetic Basis for Colorectal Cancer 12 1.51 Familial Polyposis Coli (FPC) 13 1.52 Gardner’s Syndrome 14 1.53 Heredi tary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HN PC C ) 15 1.54 T urco t ’s Syndrome 16 1.55 Heredi tary Flat Adenoma Syndrome 16 C H A P T E R 2: THE G E N E T IC C H A N G E S A S S O C I A T E D W IT H C O L O R E C T A L C A N C E R 2.1 The Short Arm o f Chromosome 17 18 2 . 11 T h e p53 gene 19 2.2 The Long Arm o f Chromosome 18 26 2.3 The Long Arm o f Chromosome 5 28 2.31 The M CC gene 28 2.32 The A PC gene 30 2.4 Chromosome 12, the K-ras oncogene 38 2.5 Chromosome 8 2.51 The c-myc gene 39 2.52 8p 39 2.6 2 2 q, lp and 14q 40
Occurrence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Diverse Farm Environments in Five States

In the United States, foodborne outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 illness have often been linked to the consumption of contaminated, undercooked ground beef. However, the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in other animals has also been reported. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle, swine, poultry, and farm environments. Environmental samples (n=576) and fecal swab samples (n=1686) from sixteen locations in the U.S. were collected over 22 months. Overall, in fecal swabs E. coli O157:H7 was positive (serologically confirmed) in 4.7% of beef cattle (n = 408), 3.9% of dairy cattle (n=408), 8.9% of swine (n=426), 7.5% of turkey (n=120) and <1% of chickens (n= 324). E. coli O157:H7 was isolated infrequently from environmental samples (<3%), except for swine environmental samples (9%). No trends could be established for poultry. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from feed samples (up to 3 samples) from the states of Tennessee and Washington. Since E. coli O157:H7 was seldom isolated from feeds or bedding, sampling for E. coli 0157 at the farm should focus on the feces or fecal swabs for optimal recovery. The occurrence of E. coli 0157 in swine and turkey was surprisingly high which indicates that swine and turkey may serve as vectors for food-borne outbreaks of E.coli 0157.
Molluscan association on coral reefs at Dahab (Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt)

Das Rote Meer ist reich an endemischen Arten und bildet die Verbindung von Flora und Fauna aus dem Indo-Pazifik und dem Mittelmeer. Die Biodiversitat der Mollusken stellt eine dieser Faunen dar und die Feststellung der Abundanz und Verteilung im Korallenriff um Dahab, Golf von Aqaba, ist das Ziel dieser Arbeit. 35 Transekte zu 350 m2 ergaben 3253 Mollusken von 35 Gastropoden und 32 Bivlaven Taxa. Tiefen zwischen 2 und 30 m wurden an sechs Stationen beprobt und drei Hauptrifftypen wurde unterschieden: Saumriff, Riffblocke und ebene Korallenteppiche. 2326 lebende Individuen und 911 tote wurden bestimmt, wobei Chama sp. , Ostreidae und Pedum spondyloideum die hochste Abundanz zeigten. Ein Drittel aller Taxa kam nur einmal vor und 70 % hatten weniger als zehn Individuen. Die Mollusken Diversitat hangt sehr stark von den Korallenhabitaten ab. Die meisten Mollusken wurden in zwei bis funf m Tiefe gefunden und die Riffblocke stachen mit einer hoheren Anzahl an Individuen als die anderen zwei Rifftypen hervor. Die untersuchten Saumriffe und Korallenteppiche erstrecken sich in verschiedenen Tiefenzonen und unterscheiden sich in der Abundanz und Verteilung der seltenen Mollusken. Die Riffblocke erstrecken sich zwischen diesen zwei Habitaten, was sich auch in der Faunenzusammensetzung wiederspiegelt. Eine klare Abgrenzung lasst sich zwischen den lebenden und den toten Molluskensammlungen machen. Durch das Uberwachsen von inkrustierenden Muscheln von den Korallen, den Verlust von Schalen in Riffspalten und teilweise Uberrepresentation durch die Besetzung mit Einsiedlerkrebsen kommt. Der Vergleich mit Aqaba und anderen Regionen im Roten Meer zeigt bereits Veranderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Mollusken im vorigen Studien. Die Anzahl von Coralliophila ist angestiegen im Vergleich zu anderen Studien wahrend bei der Zahl von Drupella cornus scheinbar ein Ruckgang beobachtet wurde. Diese Studie bildet die Basis fur weitere Forschungsarbeiten. Vor allem im Angesicht des Klimawandels ist ein Langzeitmonitoring in Dahab wichtig, um weitere Veranderungen in der Artenzusammensetzung zu dokumentieren und um die Basis fur Langzeitschutz tropischer Riffe zu gewahrleisten.
An analysis of the immune response to primary Epstein-Barr Virus infection and the association with clinical events

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) is one of the most common serious illnesses in young adults, and is caused by delayed primary infection with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). The characteristic clinical features are thought to be due to extensive T cell activation, and cytokine production, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this are unclear. SAP (Surface Lymphocyte Activation Marker (SLAM) associated protein), is mutated in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP), in which fatal IM occurs, and is a key regulator of lymphocyte activation via signals from cell surface 2B4 (CD244) and SLAM. Our aim was to monitor T cell activation via this SAP/SLAM/CD244 pathway, and analyse whether the scale of activation was related to the severity of clinical features in a cohort of 26 cases of IM. In addition, 10 males with fulminant IM were screened for XLP gene mutations but none were identified. At diagnosis of IM, SAP, CD244 and SLAM were significantly upregulated, compared to controls, on both CD4 and CD8 T cells in peripheral blood (p<0.01). The expression fell over the course of IM, but CD244 and SLAM remained elevated on CD8 cells at one month post diagnosis. The numbers of lymphocytes expressing CD8, and CD244/CD8 were significantly higher in cases with severe compared to mild sore throat (p<0.05). Both expression of CD8, and expression of CD244 on CD8 cells correlated positively with increased viral load (p<0.05). Time is required for this antigen specific immune response to develop. In contrast innate immune responses, such as Natural Killer (NK) cells are thought to be vital early in the infection process. We show that NK cell numbers are significantly elevated at diagnosis of IM compared to controls (p<0.01) and in the first month following diagnosis. In healthy adults, 2 distinct populations ofNK cells have been identified by the density of cell surface expression of CD56; these subsets of CD56b"ght and CD56dim cells differ in their ability to produce cytokines and lyse target cells. We have identified significant changes in NK cell phenotype and function during IM, with an increase in the proportion of CD56bllght cells, and cells showing an enhanced ability to kill an EBV infected cell line.
Clonal analysis reveals gradual recruitment of lateral root founder cells and a link between root initiation and cambium formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

The pericycle gives rise to lateral roots (LRs) and lateral meristems (LMs; cambium and phellogen), however, a thorough clonal analysis of pericycle cell lineage has not been investigated. This study fills in this gap and addresses pericycle impact in LR and LM development. Heath-shock inducible DS1 transposition in 35S-DS1-H2B:YFP; HS-Ac seedlings results in production of YFP-labelled cell clones. These clones in pericycle cell derivatives were identified with a confocal microscopy and subjected to 3D reconstructions and analysis. Participation of pericycle founder cells (FC) in LR formation is more variable than previously considered. LR initiation was found most commonly involved the specification of just one FC in the longitudinal and one or two cells in transverse direction. After LR initiation, FCs continue to be recruited in both directions from pre-existing cells. Anticlinal divisions in the pericycle resulting in LMs start already in the young differentiation zone where only the protoxylem is differentiated. The clonal analysis demonstrated that pericycle cell activity related to LR formation is not separated in time and space from that related to LM formation and that LR FC recruitment is a gradual process. The analysis demonstrated that immediate pericycle progeny lack self-renewal capacity.
Histopathological and Biochemical Studies on The Effect of Green Tea Extract and vitamin C Against Fenitrothion Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) and vitamin C as antioxidants on the biochemical oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes induced by fenitrothion pesticide in liver and kidney of albino rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups; group one (control), group two received 10 mg/kg b.wt. of FNT orally, group three received FNT daily plus green tea extract at a concentration of 3% w/v and group four received FNT daily plus vitamin C at a concentration of 2 g ascorbic acid/l water. The experiment was conducted for six weeks. Blood samples were taken for biochemical parameters, but the histopathological studies were carried out on liver and kidney tissues at the end of the experiment. Damage in the tissue samples was observed and confirmed with elevation of oxidative stress marker (MDA). Exposure of rats to fenitrothion induced significant increase of MDA and decrease in the values of SOD, GSH, CAT, TAC compared to control one in both serum and tissues samples. However, administration of green tea and vitamin C to FNT treated group decreased in the values of MDA and improved the values of SOD,GSH and CAT toward the control values in both serum and tissues but could not normalize it. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level showed a significant increase with FNT plus vitamin C and the FNT plus GTE treated groups compared to the FNT group. Green tea and vitamin C, probably due to their strong antioxidant properties could improve and partially counteracts the toxic effect of FNT on oxidative stress parameters and repair the destructive effects of its damage in rat's liver and kidney tissues especially with GTE treated groups.
A solanum beetle on a fabaceous weed: Host plant generalization and specialization are two sides of the same coin

Investigations of the ongoing evolutionary change of host specificity, especially of that in the initial phase, contribute largely to our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the diversification of phytophagous insects. However, empirical studies of this aspect in natural systems are very scanty. In the present study, we document the evolutionary change of the degree of adaptation to an introduced legume centro by adults and larvae of the herbivorous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius), which depends normally on various solanaceous plants. Results obtained through experiments conducted in seven successive years revealed a fluctuating degree of adaptation, but with a gradual increase, to centro by H. vigintioctopunctata, showing a tendency towards host plant generalization. Of particular importance, our results suggest that both host plant specialization and generalization are possible evolutionary outcomes of a dynamic initial phase of ongoing host range expansion. In addition, results of quantitative genetic analyses on larval development and other circumstantial evidence suggested that the evolutionary trajectories to specialization/generalization are largely determined by ecological conditions rather than by the insects' intrinsic genetic architecture. We also discuss some special aspects of acquisition of, and adaptation to, novel hosts by H. vigintioctopunctata and other herbivorous beetles, of which adults also feed on plant leaves.
Bioactive Compounds from Lichens as Promising Biomaterial for the Treatment of Influenza Virus: A Review

Influenza viruses remain a significant threat that can cause severe morbidity and mortality responsible for epidemics and pandemics worldwide. Lichens produce distinct secondary metabolic products with a wide range of biological activities, which are promising as the diversity source of biomaterials for pharmaceutical application. Furthermore, biological activities of natural lichen metabolites such as anti-oxidants, anti-microbial, anti-insecticidal, antipyretic, and anti-cancer agents of lichen have been reported in several review papers. However, the antiviral activity against influenza virus has not been mentioned in any previously published papers. In the present study, we aim to highlight and discuss the antiviral effects against influenza viruses of natural lichens and its derivatives in the current literature with an update of recent findings. In conclusion, natural lichens and constituents promote the inhibitory effect on various infectious diseases especially for influenza virus infection, it, therefore, is promising as a biomaterial for anti-influenza virus drugs development. Review Article Cuong and Thoa; JSRR, 18(4): 1-15, 2018; Article no.JSRR. 39899 2