Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sampling Area and Subsampling Procedure on Comparisons of Taxa Richness among Streams

the biotic integrity of communities. In all cases, we make the implicit and sometimes brash assumption that we can really measure the number of taxa in a community. Although measuring taxa richness might appear straightforward, accurate measurement has been extraordinarily difficult; and despite years of effort, no universally accepted methods for its measurement have emerged. The essential problem is that we can never completely census a taxonomic assemblage or entire community; we rely instead on estimates that describe some portion of the real taxa richness of an assemblage. The problem of knowing what percent of the taxa present have been collected is exacerbated when investigators fail to explicitly define their universe of interest (i.e., the spatial bounds of the community or communities in question). Comparisons of taxa richness among studies that used different sampling and subsampling methods are especially difficult and should be viewed skeptically. The difficulty of obtaining accurate measurements of richness is due to the collector's curve
285 VIABILITY AND GENE EXPRESSION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS CRYOPRESERVED WITH DIFFERENT CRYOPROTECTANTS

Long-term storage of stem cells with self-renewal plays a pivotal role in cell tissue engineering, which could be a novel option for improving regenerative diseases. However, the choice of a selective cryoprotectant is still to be addressed. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which in current practice is the most widely used as a cryoprotectant for cell freezing, is known to have toxic side effects (Wang et al. 2007 Cryobiology 55, 60–65). In this study, therefore, the effect of two different cryoprotectants, used alone or in combination, on frozen–thawed porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was investigated by evaluating their viability, apoptosis, and gene expression patterns. MSCs isolated from bone marrow were cultured in advanced Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (ADMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and characterized by the expression of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and cell-surface antigen profiles (CD105 as positive, CD45 and CD133 as negative markers). Subconfluent cultures of MSCs (1 × 106 cells mL–1) at 4–5 passages were equilibrated in different cryoprotectants: (1)ADMEM supplemented with 10% DMSO, (2) ADMEM supplemented with 1.5 m ethylene glycol (EG), and (3) ADMEM supplemented with 0.75 m EG and 5% DMSO, and frozen in a programmable freezer. The straws were cooled at –4°C min–1 from 25°C to –7°C. After being seeded, the straws were further cooled to –35°C at a –0.6°C min–1 ramp rate, and then immediately plunged into LN2 and stored at least a week. After thawing at 37°C in a water bath, viability and apoptosis of cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using an In Situ Cell Death Detection kit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Expression of HSP70, Nanog, and β-actin was analyzed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and compared to that of non-cryopreserved MSCs. Doubling time of cryopreserved MSCs was higher than for non-cryopreserved MSCs. There were no significant differences among cryopreserved groups. The rates of viability and apoptosis of non-cryopreserved MSCs (91% and 4.71%, respectively) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for MSCs cryopreserved with 10% DMSO, 1.5 m EG, or the 0.75 m EG and 5% DMSO mixture (71.78% and 3.45%, 70.09% and 3.22%, 68.97% and 2.42%, respectively), but the rates among different cryopreserved treatments did not differ. After thawing, expression of HSP70, Nanog, and β-actin in cryopreserved MSCs showed patterns similar to those of non-cryopreserved MSCs. In conclusion, the present study indicates that EG is an alternative cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of porcine MSCs. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible effects on the expression of genes related to viability and apoptosis in MSCs cryopreserved with different cryoprotectants.
Elachistocleis erythrogaster, a New Microhylid Species from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Elachistocleis erythrogaster spec. nov. is described from Sao Francisco de Paula on the mountains of the Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is about 30 mm in size with deep black throat, black and blue marbled sides and bright red-orange venter. Egg laying and tadpoles are described. The new microhylid inhabits open grassland. Its natural history is briefly described including sonagrams of the advertisement call. The characters discriminating the new frog from the sympatrically occurring E. ovalis are discussed. Elachistocleis erythrogaster spec. nov. e descrita com base em exemplares procedentes do municipio de Sao Francisco de Paula, situado na Serra Geral, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Tem cerca de 30mm de comprimento, apresenta garganta negra, lados marmoreados de azul e preto e ventre vermelho-alaranjado. Desovas e girinos sao descritos. A nova especie habita formac[otilde]es campestres. Aspectos da hisoria natural sao brevemente apresentados, incluindo sonogramas do canto nupcial. Os .
Trajectories of Big Five Personality Traits: A Coordinated Analysis of 16 Longitudinal Samples

This study assessed change in self–reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated models across multiple datasets and fit identical multi–level growth models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in a subset of samples with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed declines in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Non–linear models suggested late–life increases in neuroticism. Meta–analytic summaries indicated that the fixed effects of personality change are somewhat heterogeneous and that the variability in trait change is partially explained by sample age, country of origin, and personality measurement method. We also found mixed evidence for predictors of change, specifically for sex and baseline age. This study demonstrates the importance of coordinated conceptual replications for accelerating the accumulation of robust and reliable findings in the lifespan developmental psychological sciences. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
ANNUAL GERMINATION WINFOW IN OOSPORES OF NITELLA FURCATA (CHAROPHYCEAE) 1

Oospores of Nitella furcata subsp. megacarpa (Allen emend. Wood) were collected from an oospore bank in the sediments of Lake George, New York. Incubated at constant temperatures, all or nearly all of the oospores germinated when exposed to a brief pulse of red light when the annual window of germinability was open. The window seems related to the annual cycle of sediment temperatures. It is open in spring and closes wit the onset of a secondary dormacncy in the summer. Oospores in storage follow a parallel path if held at 18°C, a summer equivalent temperature; the window remains open indefinitely if the oospores are held at 4°C. Attention is drawn to the similarity if the cyclic window of germinability in seeds of summer annuals and oospores of N. furcata.
Migratory hosts can maintain the high‐dose/refuge effect in a structured host‐parasite system: The case of sea lice and salmon

Migration can reduce parasite burdens in migratory hosts, but it connects populations and can drive disease dynamics in domestic species. Farmed salmon are infested by sea louse parasites, often carried by migratory wild salmonids, resulting in a costly problem for industry and risk to wild populations when farms amplify louse numbers. Chemical treatment can control lice, but resistance has evolved in many salmon‐farming regions. Resistance has, however, been slow to evolve in the north‐east Pacific Ocean, where large wild‐salmon populations harbour large sea louse populations. Using a mathematical model of host–macroparasite dynamics, we explored the roles of domestic, wild oceanic and connective migratory host populations in maintaining treatment susceptibility in associated sea lice. Our results show that a large wild salmon population, unexposed to direct infestation by lice from farms; high levels of on‐farm treatment; and a healthy migratory host population are all critical to slowing or stopping the evolution of treatment resistance. Our results reproduce the “high‐dose/refuge effect,” from the agricultural literature, with the added requirement of a migratory host population to maintain treatment susceptibility. This work highlights the role that migratory hosts may play in shared wildlife/livestock disease, where evolution can occur in ecological time.
The Effect of Online Shopping Experience on Risk P erception and Trust for Building  Online Repurchase Intention

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the role of mediating risk per-ception and trust on the influence of online shopping experience on the intention to conduct online shopping transactions.Design/Methodology/approach: This type of research is quantitative, using pre-existing measurement scales.Findings: The results of this study indicate that the experience of online shopping has no effect on risk perception, online shopping experience has a positive and significant effect on consumer confidence and purchase intentions, risk perception has no effect on consumer purchase intentions, trust does not affect consumer purchase intentions. Practical/Implications: The next researcher is expected to be able to modify the research model by adding and developing indicators and other variables and giving consideration to online service providers to pay more attention to their services in the field of online shopping transactions.
AlloSat: A New Call Center French Corpus for Satisfaction and Frustration Analysis

We present a new corpus, named AlloSat, composed of real-life call center conversations in French that is continuously annotated in frustration and satisfaction. This corpus has been set up to develop new systems able to model the continuous aspect of semantic and paralinguistic information at the conversation level. The present work focuses on the paralinguistic level, more precisely on the expression of emotions. In the call center industry, the conversation usually aims at solving the caller’s request. As far as we know, most emotional databases contain static annotations in discrete categories or in dimensions such as activation or valence. We hypothesize that these dimensions are not task-related enough. Moreover, static annotations do not enable to explore the temporal evolution of emotional states. To solve this issue, we propose a corpus with a rich annotation scheme enabling a real-time investigation of the axis frustration / satisfaction. AlloSat regroups 303 conversations with a total of approximately 37 hours of audio, all recorded in real-life environments collected by Allo-Media (an intelligent call tracking company). First regression experiments, with audio features, show that the evolution of frustration / satisfaction axis can be retrieved automatically at the conversation level.
Feeding Value of Reconstituted and Finely Ground Sorghum Grain for Dairy Cows

Abstract Rations containing finely ground air-dry (90% dry matter), water-reconstituted (70% dry matter), and acid-reconstituted (70% dry matter, 2% organic acids) sorghum grain were compared in a switchback trial with 30 lactating dairy cows. Initial feed allowances met National Research Council requirements and were reduced 10% each period. Total milk yield, solids-corrected milk, and feed intake were not affected by grain treatment, but fat percentage in milk by cows fed water reconstituted grain was slightly higher. Apparent digestibility of ration components and efficiency of feed utilization were not affected by ration treatments. Ratios of ruminal volatile fatty acid and changes of body weight were also similar for all treatment groups. Acid-reconstituted sorghum grain was equal in feeding value to water-reconstituted and finely ground grain and showed no visible signs of mold growth after several weeks of storage.
Simulating winter flounder population dynamics using coupled individual-based young-of-the-year and age-structured adult models

La dynamique des populations de sole (Pleuronectes americanus) est simulee par un modele detaille des comportements individuels de jeunes de l'annee couple a un modele pour les adultes ayant la forme d'une matrice qui reprend une structure par âge. Lorsqu'il fonctionne seul, le modele des jeunes de l'annee est lance a partir de donnees relatives a des genitrices definies par l'utilisateur. Lorsqu'il est utilise de concert avec le modele pour les adultes, on pratique des simulations portant sur plusieurs annees a partir du taux de survie des jeunes de l'annee qui alimente lui-meme le modele des adultes, lequel produit des genitrices chaque annee pour alimenter le modele des jeunes de l'annee. Les previsions fournies par ce modele de la densite demographique des jeunes de l'annee, des taux de croissance et des taux de mortalite se situent a l'interieur de la plage de valeurs observee chez la population de la riviere Niantic. Les resultats obtenus par modelisation et ceux des releves effectues sur cette population montrent que le recrutement (survivants jusqu'a l'âge de 1 an) plafonne lorsque le nombre des geniteurs devient eleve. Toutes autres conditions etant egales, le recrutement prevu a un nombre eleve de geniteurs etait deux a trois fois celui prevu lorsqu'il n'y avait pas de lien avec la densite. L'analyse des resultats d'une simulation sur 200 ans montre que le recrutement depend largement de la metamorphose en supposant que des taux de croissance et de survie jouent aux stades des larves et des juveniles. Nous evaluons le lien entre notre approche et les approches precedentes et la signification de nos resultats pour la connaissance de la dynamique de population de la sole, et nous considerons certains perfectionnements que nous pourrions apporter a notre modele.
Effect of processing time on the quality of dry-cured ham obtained from a native pig breed (Chato Murciano)

ThecompositionalandsensoryparametersofChatoMurcianodry-curedhamatdifferentripeningtimes(14,18, 22 and 24 months of processing) were studied. A sensory consumer study of dry-cured ham with a short ripening stage (14monthsofprocessing)andasimilarhamwithalongripeningstage(22monthsofprocessing)wascarriedout.Dry-cured hams remained in theripening stage at 1820C and 70-75% relative humidity.The differentprocessing times studiedhad 5 no effect on the ash, intramuscular fat, sodium chloride and protein contents of the final ham, but significantly affected the moisture(P <0.05)andsaturated(P <0.01)andmonounsaturated(P <0.05)fattyacidcontents.Sensoryanalysisshowedthat processing time enhanced redness, fat colour, all of the odour and flavour traits studied, and all the texture traits except juiciness.Inthetasteprofile,onlysaltinessshowedasignificantincrease.However,sensorychangeswereonlysignificantup to22monthsofprocessing(formostoftheparameters),theresultinghamshowinghigherlevelofconsumerpreferenceand 10 acceptability than dry-cured ham with the shorter ripening. Based on these results, it is recommended that an appropriate processing time to obtain a high-quality Chato Murciano dry-cured ham is 22 months.
Deep OCR for Arabic script‐based language like Pastho

Developing cursive script recognition systems have always been a challenging task for researchers. This article proposes a ligature‐based recognition system for the cursive Pashto script using four pre‐trained CNN models using a fine‐tuned approach. The SqueezeNet, ResNet, MobileNet and DenseNet models have been observed for the classification and the recognition of Pashto sub‐word (ligature). Overall, the proposed system is divided into two domains (Source and Target). The source domain contains the pre‐trained models used on the ImageNet Dataset. These models are later fine‐tuned using the transfer learning approach to be used for the Pashto ligature recognition. The data augmentation techniques of negative and contour are used to increase the representation of ligature images and the dataset size. The CNN models have been evaluated on the benchmarks Pashto ligatures FAST‐NU dataset. The proposed system achieved the highest recognition rate of up to 99.31% using the DenseNet architecture of Convolutional Neural Network for Pashto ligature.
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON PALATABILITY AND COOKING CHARACTERISTICS OF PORK

The eating quality and cooking characteristics of longissimus dorsi roasts obtained from exercised and nonexercised pigs were compared. Cooking time, percentage cooking losses and percent drip in thaw were similar. Subjective evaluation of the palatability characteristics of the roasts indicate that there were no differences in texture, flavor, juiciness and tenderness attributable to exercise. Objective measurements of juiciness and tenderness support taste panel evaluations. Chemical analyses of the raw longissimus dorsi muscle for percentages of moisture, fat (ether extract), protein (nitrogen × 6.25) and ash showed no significant differences between samples from exercised and nonexercised animals. The collagen content based on hydroxyproline analyses of samples of biceps femoris and psoas major muscles from exercised and nonexercised pigs were also similar.
MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AND FUNCTION OF THE PAW PADS OF SOME MAMMALS

Unpadded paws would suffer large impact forces when they struck the ground, but paws with elastic pads might be set into oscillation, bouncing up and down before settling on the ground at the beginning of the step. Such oscillations might involve temporary loss of contact with the ground (a phenomenon here called ‘chattering’), making the paw likely to shift its position. Analysis of a simple model reveals the conditions needed to prevent chattering: the paw must not hit the ground too fast and its stiffness must not be too great. Damping can help to prevent chatter. The viscoelastic properties of paw pads from various mammals have been investigated, in dynamic compressive tests, and are discussed in the light of the theoretical model.
Effects of Nitrate Combined with Fumarate on Methanogenesis, Fermentation, and Cellulose Digestion by Mixed Ruminal Microbes in vitro

Mixed ruminal microbes from the rumen of a goat were incubated with nitrate or nitrite in a growth medium containing starch and cellulose. The rate of nitrate reduction was 2.5-fold faster than the rate of nitrite reduction, which brought about the accumulation of nitrite. The increase in nitrate increased the peak nitrite concentration, and prolonged the time for nitrite to disappear. The addition of nitrate decreased methanogenesis partly by the consumption of electrons, but to a greater extent by the suppression of fermentation due to accumulated nitrite. The addition of fumarate increased the rate of nitrate reduction, and to a greater extent increased the rate of nitrite reduction, which alleviated the adverse effect of nitrite on fermentation and cellulose digestion. Consequently, the combination of fumarate and nitrate decreased methanogenesis without the suppression of fermentation or a decrease in propionate production.
EVALUATION OF MEAT MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR THE CHICK

When meat meal was used as the sole source of protein in a ration it did not support satisfactory weight gains in growing chickens. However, when the meat meal was supplemented with the amino acids in which it is limiting, satisfactory weight gains were achieved. One may conclude that the main problem with meat meal protein is one of amino acid imbalance rather than digestibility.It has been demonstrated in the present study that meat meal offered for sale in Ontario may be deficient in six amino acids as compared with soybean meal. These amino acids may be classified in order of their degree of deficiency. Methionine is easily the first limiting amino acid while tryptophane and isoleucine are second and about equally limiting. Cystine, threonine, and arginine are next in order of limitation. Part of the lack of response obtained when meat meal constitutes all of the protein in experimental diets can be explained on the basis of the excessive levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet.
Ultrastructure of testes and spermatogenesis in the trombiculid mite, Hirsutiella zachvatkini (Schluger)

Summary Spermatogenesis and sperm ultrastructure of the trombiculid mite Hirsutiella zachvatkini (Schluger 1948) have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and compared with other arachnids studied. Sperm differentiation takes place in groups of synchronously developed germ cells of the two large sac-like paired testes. Each testis is composed of a secretory epithelium, which occupies their medio-ventral regions, and of a germinative epithelium situated in the latero-dorsal parts of testes together with large somatic cells. The germ cells are represented on sections by spermatogonia, spermatocytes, early, middle and late spermatids, and mature spermatozoa. Spermatocytes and spermatids contain two centrioles, which disappear afterwards, and a small Golgi-like structure forming an acrosomal cistema. Mature spermatozoa, which lie both within the meshes of somatic cells and also free in the lumen of testes, are compact oval aflagellate cells provided with peripheral channels. They also cont.
Effect of water deficit and potassium fertilization on photosynthetic activity in cotton plants

Abstract Physiological mechanisms that can contribute to drought tolerance and the role of potassium fertilization in cotton were studied by evaluation of parameters describing photosynthetic performance. Gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were measured on leaves of two cotton genotypes, one drought sensitive (Nazilli 84-S) and the other drought tolerant (Sahin 2000), grown in field conditions in the Aegean region of Turkey under different regimes of water and potassium supply. It was shown that under drought conditions without potassium fertilization Sahin 2000 had a higher photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance than Nazilli 84-S. Potassium fertilization to a great extent compensated for the inhibitory effect of drought on photosynthesis. Application of the JIP test by using chlorophyll fluorescence data revealed that the drought sensitive Nazilli 84-S was more responsive to potassium fertilization than Sahin 2000, as judged by a number of parameters representing quantum efficiency of the processes and energy fluxes in photosystem (PS) II. The observed decrease in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in both cotton cultivars under drought conditions was not accompanied by any significant decrease in the electron transport flux in PSII and maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry.
Isolation and structural elucidation of AC326-alpha, a new member of the moenomycin group.

(0.25 mg/liter), and CaCO3(7 g/liter). Air was sparged at 10 liter/minute; agitation was set at 500 rpm; temperature was maintained at 28°C; dissolved oxygen was set to 99.9% at 0 time. The whole mash was harvested after it was incubated for 4 days. The pellet obtained by centrifugation was extracted with methanol (6 liters) and the extract, upon concentration to a volume of 1 liter, was partitioned between dichloromethane and water (3 liters for both layers). The aqueous layer was pp.191 195