Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Consistency between the Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture and the Hydrological Model-Simulated Soil Moisture in the Qujiang Catchment of China

Accurate soil moisture estimation plays a crucial role in agricultural management and hydrological studies. Considering the scarcity of direct in-situ measurements, it is important to evaluate the consistency of soil moisture data acquired in indirect ways, including both satellite products and simulation values obtained via hydrological models. In this study, two types of high spatial-resolution remotely sensed values, namely the surface soil moisture (SSM) and the profile soil water index (SWI), are estimated from each of the ASCAT-A, ASCAT-B, SMAP and SMOS microwave satellites. They are compared with two groups of model-simulated daily soil moisture values, which are obtained by implementing the lumped Xinanjiang (XAJ) model and the DEM-based distributed hydrological model (DDRM) across the Qujiang catchment, located in southwest China. The results indicate that for each satellite product, SWI values always show closer agreement with model-simulated soil moisture values than SSM values, and SWI values estimated from ASCAT products perform best in terms of correlation coefficient with the model-simulated soil moisture, at around 0.8 on average, followed by the SMAP product, which shows a correlation coefficient of 0.48 on average, but the SMOS product shows poor performance. This evaluation of consistency provides useful information on their systematic differences and suggests subsequent studies to ensure their reconciliation in long-term records.
Does green innovation play an important role in the effect board gender diversity has on firm performance?

Purpose: This research is motivated by the developments in the debates in the literature about addressing the 17 SDGs promoted by the UN, particularly the urgent calls for green innovation and women’s empowerment. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of green innovation in the effect board gender diversity has on firm performance. Design/methodology: This research employs regression analysis. The data set comprises a sample of 518 public listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2017 to 2019 period. Findings: The results demonstrate that the presence of board gender diversity has a negative effect on green innovation and the relationship between green innovation and firm performance is insignificant. However, the results also show that board gender diversity has a positive effect on firm performance. More importantly, green innovation is not an essential factor in the relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance. Research limitations/implications: This research only uses a sample of companies drawn from a single country; therefore, the implications of the results might only apply to emerging countries with similar conditions to Indonesia. Future research needs to have more samples drawn from multiple countries. Also, future research could apply, amongst others things, corporate governance characteristics as variables. Practical implications: The findings from our results can, firstly, be used to support companies seeking to implement alternative low cost green innovations. Secondly, this paper can be used to give insight to the Indonesian government regarding its support for the business-based environment by strengthening the regulations pertaining to the environmental aspects, and providing incentives for companies to implement green innovations.
Deep Plug-and-play Nighttime Non-blind Deblurring with Saturated Pixel Handling Schemes

Due to the setting of shutter speeds, over-exposed blurry images can often be seen in nighttime photography. Although image deblurring is a classic problem in image restoration, state-of-the-art methods often fail in nighttime cases with saturated pixels. The primary reason is that those pixels are out of the sensor range and thus violate the assumption of the linear blur model. To address this issue, we propose a new nighttime non-blind deblurring algorithm with saturated pixel handling schemes, including a pixel stretching mask, an image segment mask, and a saturation awareness mechanism (SAM). Our algorithm achieves superior results by strategically adjusting mask configurations, making our method robust to various saturation levels. We formulate our task into two new optimization problems and introduce a unified framework based on the plug-and-play alternating direction method of multipliers (PnP-ADMM). We also evaluate our approach qualitatively and quantitatively to demonstrate its effectiveness. The results show that the proposed algorithm recovers sharp latent images with finer details and fewer artifacts than other state-of-the-art deblurring methods.
Asymptotic Distribution of JIVE in a Heteroskedastic IV Regression with Many Instruments ∗

This paper derives the limiting distributions of alternative jackknife IV (JIV ) estimators and gives formulae for accompanying consistent standard errors in the presence of heteroskedasticity and many instruments. The asymptotic framework includes the many instrument sequence of Bekker (1994) and the many weak instrument sequence of Chao and Swanson (2005). We show that JIV estimators are asymptotically normal; and that standard errors are consistent provided that √ Kn rn → 0, as n → ∞, where Kn and rn denote, respectively, the number of instruments and the rate of growth of the concentration parameter. This is in contrast to the asymptotic behavior of such classical IV estimators as LIML, B2SLS, and 2SLS, all of which are inconsistent in the presence of heteroskedasticity, unless Kn rn → 0. We also show that the rate of convergence and the form of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the JIV estimators will in general depend on strength of the instruments as measured by the relative orders of magnitude of rn and Kn.
Spectrally-Corrected and Regularized LDA for Spiked Model

This paper proposes an improved linear discriminant analysis called spectrally-corrected and regularized LDA (SRLDA). This method integrates the design ideas of the sample spectrally-corrected covariance matrix and the regularized discriminant analysis. The SRLDA method specially designed for classiﬁcation problems is under the assumption that the covariance matrix follows a spiked model. Through the real and simulated data analysis, our proposed classiﬁer outperforms the classical R-LDA and can be as competitive as the KNN and SVM classiﬁers while requiring lower computational complexity. Furthermore, this paper generalizes the limiting result of the angle between true and estimated eigenvectors given in Paul 2007 to small spiked eigenvalues and weakens the multivariate normal distribution assumption to the limited 4-th moment ones.
Performance evaluation of single-cross maize hybrids for ﬂowering and yield traits

The present experiment was conducted at Bharatpur-15, Fulbari, Chitwan, Nepal from 1st Dec 2017 to 9th May 2018 to evaluate the performance of eight single cross maize hybrids. The single cross maize hybrids were Shresta, Bioseed 9782, Rajkumar, Ganga kaveri, Rampur hybrid-6, RML-86/RML-96, Rampur hybrid-4 and RML-95/RML-96 and were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on ﬂowering traits, yield attributes and grain yield. The results revealed that the lowest days to tasseling and days to anthesis were found in Shrestha and these traits were highest in Rampur hybrid-6. The hybrid Bioseed9782 produced the highest cob length (21.33 cm) and cob diameter (17.67 cm). The hybrid Bioseed 9782 produced the highest grain yield (15.96) followed by Gangakaveri (14.26 t ha − 1 ) and Shresta (12.12 t ha − 1 ). The hybrid Bioseed 9782 produced the highest standard heterosis (64.81%) followed by Gan-gakaveri (47.16%) and Shresta (25.14%). The ﬁnding of this experiment suggested that maize hybrids Bioseed 9782, Gangakaveri and Shresta can be commercially grown for higher grain production in Chitwan and similar agro-climatic regions.
Conference on ‘ Dietary strategies for the management of cardiovascular risk ’ Dietary n-3 PUFA and CVD : a review of the evidence

Many clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA from fish and fish oils, provide cardiovascular protection, particularly in the setting of secondary prevention. n-3 Fatty acids beneficially influence a number of cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure, cardiac function, vascular reactivity and lipids, as well as having anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. They do not appear to adversely interact with other medications such as statins and other lipid-lowering drugs or antihypertensive medications. n-3 Fatty acids have gained widespread usage by general practitioners and clinicians in a number of clinical settings such as pregnancy and infant development, secondary prevention in CHD patients, treatment of dyslipidaemias and haemodialysis patients. Small doses are achievable with consumption of two to three oily fish meals per week or via purified encapsulated preparations now readily available. n-3 Fatty acids, particularly when consumed as fish, should be considered an important component of a healthy diet. The present paper reviews the effects of n-3 fatty acids on cardiometabolic risk factors, concentrating particularly on the evidence from randomised controlled studies in human subjects.
TiRobot-assisted channel screw �xation for elderly patients with fragility fractures of the pelvis: A retrospective study

Objective The incidence of fragility fracture of the pelvis (FFP) in the elderly population is increasing, and FFP that require �xation are a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical e�cacy of TiRobot-assisted channel screws �xation in the treatment of elderly FFP patients. Method Between May 2020 and September 2022
Jensen‐Shannon Complexity and Permutation Entropy Analysis of Geomagnetic Auroral Currents

In this study we determine whether auroral westward currents can be characterized by low‐dimensional chaotic attractors through the use of the complexity‐entropy methodology developed by Rosso et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.154102) and based on the permutation entropy developed by Bandt and Pompe (2002, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.174102). Our results indicate that geomagnetic auroral indices are indistinguishable from stochastic processes from time scales ranging from a few minutes to 10 hr and for embedded dimensions d < 8. Our results are inconsistent with earlier studies of Baker et al. (1990, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i001p00041), Pavlos et al. (1992), D. Roberts et al. (1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL00021), D. A. Roberts (1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JA01088), and Vassiliadis et al. (1990, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i011p01841, 1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL01378) indicating that auroral geomagnetic indices could be reduced to low‐dimensional systems with chaotic dynamics.
Investigating human impacts on rocky reefs using measures of complexity and relief from 3D photogrammetry

The structural complexity of a habitat is linked with the health and biodiversity of the ecosystem. Computational methods analyzing 3D representations of the environment allow for accurate measurement; however, rocky reef environments that feature gullies, arches, stacks, and ledges may be inaccurately represented using standard measures of complexity. This article presents a novel assessment of structural complexity through relief calculated from 3D reconstructions of marine environments, tailored for rocky reefs with vertical features. This method is tested in two case studies: a tropical coral reef in Indonesia and a rocky (chalk) reef in the United Kingdom. Chalk reef relief was not correlated with vector dispersion or fractal dimension and was weakly correlated with rugosity ( r ¼ 0 : 3781); however, in two comparison tropical reef datasets, relief correlated moderately with vector dispersion on both coral reefs ( r ¼ 0 : 4657, r ¼ 0 : 4934) and moderately-strongly with rugosity ( r ¼ 0 : 4023, r ¼ 0 : 6703). On the chalk reef, tailored complexity metrics confirmed the previous finding that catch-size Cancer pagurus abundance ( ≥ 115 mm) was correlated with fractal dimension ( r ¼ 0 : 4499), indicating that adults preferred elevated, complex reefs. Analysis showed correlations between relief and low-severity chalk damage ( r ¼ 0 : 3931) and between relief and abrasion damage ( r ¼ 0 : 4109), whereas previous research had indicated that damage was not correlated with complexity (assessed computationally with rugosity, fractal dimension, and vector dispersion). Surveying marine environments with multicamera arrays and 3D photogrammetry can drastically reduce the time and cost of fieldwork surveys and provide accurate measures of complexity across survey sites. Adapting complexity metrics to habitat-specific topography provides valuable insight (in this case, into rocky reef marine habitats). Findings from the UK case study support the continued monitoring of the Cromer Shoal Chalk Bed Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ)
Extrapolating Coverage Rate in Greybox Fuzzing

A fuzzer can literally run forever. However, as more resources are spent, the coverage rate continuously drops, and the utility of the fuzzer declines. To tackle this coverage-resource tradeoff, we could introduce a policy to stop a campaign whenever the coverage rate drops below a certain threshold value, say 10 new branches covered per 15 minutes. During the campaign, can we predict the coverage rate at some point in the future? If so, how well can we predict the future coverage rate as the prediction horizon or the current cam-paign length increases? How can we tackle the statistical challenge of adaptive bias, which is inherent in greybox fuzzing (i.e., samples are not independent and identically distributed)? In this paper, we i) evaluate existing statistical techniques to predict the coverage rate 𝑈 ( 𝑡 0 + 𝑘 ) at any time 𝑡 0 in the campaign after a period of 𝑘 units of time in the future and ii) develop a new extrapolation methodology that tackles the adaptive bias. We pro-pose to efficiently simulate a large number of blackbox campaigns from the collected coverage data, estimate the coverage rate for each of these blackbox campaigns and conduct a simple regression to extrapolate the coverage rate for the greybox campaign. Our empirical evaluation using the Fuzztastic fuzzer benchmark demonstrates that our extrapolation methodology exhibits at least one order of magnitude lower error compared to the existing benchmark for 4 out of 5 experimental subjects we investigated. Notably, compared to the existing extrapolation methodology, our extrapola-tor excels in making long-term predictions, such as those extending up to three times the length of the current campaign.
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— In this paper we apply techniques of spherical harmonic analysis to prove a local limit theorem, a rate of escape theorem, and a central limit theorem for isotropic random walks on arbitrary thick regular aﬃne buildings of irreducible type. This generalises results of Cartwright and Woess where ˜ A n buildings are studied, Lindlbauer and Voit where ˜ A 2 buildings are studied, and Sawyer where homogeneous trees are studied (these are ˜ A 1 buildings). Résumé. — Dans cet article, nous utilisons les techniques de l’analyse har-monique sphérique pour démontrer un théorème local limite, un théorème sur la vitesse de fuite et un théorème central limite pour les marches aléatoires isotropes sur des immeubles aﬃnes épais arbitraires de type irréductible. Cela généralise des résultats de Cartwright et Woess sur les immeubles de type ˜ A n , de Lindlbauer et Voit sur les immeubles de type ˜ A 2 et de Sawyer sur les arbres homogènes (qui sont des immeubles de type ˜ A 1 ).
is generally maintained after Staphylococcus aureus invasion of nonprofessional phagocytes but is modulated by strain 6850

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of a variety of both local and systemic infections. It can invade human host cells, a process that may account for disseminated and recurrent infections. S. aureus postinvasion events in nonprofessional phagocytes are only partially understood. While morphological data suggest a phagosomal escape, there is a lack of corroborating functional data. Using a combination of pH determination and morphological techniques, we have tested the integrity of Staphylococcus -containing phagosomes in 293 (HEK-293), HeLa, and EA.hy926 cells over time. Rapid acidiﬁcation of S. aureus -containing phagosomes occurred and was sustained for up to 24 h. All S. aureus strains tested displayed equally sustained intraphagosomal pH levels without exhibiting any correlation with pH level and hemolytic activity. The membrane morphology of the phagosomal compartment was heterogeneous, even under conditions where acidic pH was fully maintained, an observation incompatible with phagolysosomal membrane destruction. As an exception, S. aureus strain 6850 showed a reduced phagosomal acidiﬁcation signal 6 h after invasion. Additionally, only strain 6850 failed to localize to LAMP-1-positive vesicles in HeLa cells, although this was observed only rarely. Several other strongly beta-hemolytic strains did not modulate phagolysosomal pH, suggesting that S. aureus (cid:1) -toxin and (cid:2) -toxin are not sufﬁcient for this process. Taken together, our data suggest that S. aureus -containing phagoly-sosomes generally remain functionally intact in nonprofessional phagocytes, thereby contrasting with transmission electron micrographic results
ANNALES DE L’INSTITUT FOURIER

— A problem of Glasner, now known as Glasner’s problem , asks whether there exists a minimally almost periodic, monothetic, Polish group that is not extremely amenable. The purpose of this short note is to observe that a negative answer is obtained under the additional assumption that the universal minimal ﬂow is metrizable. Résumé. — Un problème
Optical Methods Applied to Hydrodynamics of Cohesive Sediments

Suspended sediment transport in large rivers is constituted mainly by cohesive sediments, which form aggregates or flocs with primary particles less than 65 μ m. The removal of cohesive sediments in aquaculture tanks is a difficult problem. Due to its size, density, and shape, the hydrodynamic behavior of flocs is very different from that of non-cohesive sediments astheydepend on the interaction withthe watercolumn.Thischapter describes the experimental results obtained in sedimentation tanks, reduced models of aquaculture recirculation tanks, and a rotating circular flume with Plexiglas walls, in which optical methods were used to determine flocs ’ characteristics. These methods include particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and digital holography for particle image velocimetry (DHPIV). Fractal models for floc density were successfully developed and validated with PTV experimental results in an aquaculture recirculation tank. Also, a model for the settling velocity of the flocs was validated using a permeable drag coefficient definition. Suspended sediments from Mexico ’ s two largest rivers, Usumacinta and Grijalva, with a mean flow rate near mouth of 1700 and 650 m 3 /s, respectively, were analyzed in a rotating circular flume. The shear velocity obtained in the field was reproduced in the circular flume and size and shape of flocs were obtained. This allowed to reproduce suspended sediment concentration profiles of rivers. DHPIV techniques were developed in order to obtain the actual size of the flocs based on Fresnel approximation for the reconstruction of holographic images.
Improving Graph Networks through Selection-based Convolution

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) provide a general framework that can learn in a variety of data domains, such as 3D geometry, social networks, and chemical structures. GCNs, however, often ignore intrinsic relationships among nodes in the graph, and these relationships need to be learned indirectly during the training process through mechanisms such as attention or local-kernel approximation. This paper introduces selection-based graph convolution, a method for preserving these intrinsic relationships within the graph convolution operator which provides improved performance over attention-based counterparts on various tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of selection to improve the performance of many types of GCNs on tasks such as spatial graph classification. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to improve state-of-the-art graph networks for road traffic estimation and molecular property prediction.
δ18O Analyses of the Humpbacked Conch (Gibberulus gibberulus): Evaluating a Proxy for Reconstructing Sea-Surface Temperature at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau

ABSTRACT In Palau, Micronesia, marine resources, particularly shellfish, played a vital role in human subsistence for millennia. Despite the vast array of molluscan species in archaeological assemblages, there is a dearth of data on nearshore palaeoecology or prehistoric shellfish foraging practices. In this study, we analysed stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) values present in the calcium carbonate shell of Gibberulus gibberulus from the Chelechol ra Orrak archaeological site to reconstruct average nearshore sea-surface temperatures (SST) from approximately 1500–1100 cal BP. Modern shellfish samples and environmental data were collected from intertidal zones near the site and x-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to identify the biomineralogical composition of G. gibberulus. These steps provide necessary information for the selection of the proper oxygen isotope-to-SST conversion formula. The selected formula was applied to δ18O samples from archaeological shells to reconstruct prehistoric SST averages. The results of this proxy validation study verify that G. gibberulus accurately records ambient SST and can be used to reconstruct ancient nearshore conditions. These findings also contribute to the establishment of an environmental baseline, which can be used to examine how environmental changes may have influenced the availability of molluscan taxa that in turn influenced human subsistence practices through time.
Postcranial morphology of the Early Triassic epicynodont Galesaurus planiceps (Owen) from the Karoo Basin, South Africa

The Early Triassic non‐mammaliaform epicynodont Galesaurus planiceps formed an important part of ecosystems following the Permo‐Triassic Mass Extinction, the greatest mass extinction in Phanerozoic history. Here, we re‐examine the postcranial skeleton of Galesaurus and present data which sheds light on the biology, ecology and possible survival strategies of this species. We find evidence for two distinct morphotypes, a gracile and a robust morph, which we interpret as stages in an ontogenetic series. The primary differences between the morphs manifest in the girdles, with further subtle differences in the fore and hind limbs. Our study also reveals postcranial differences between Galesaurus and the contemporaneous taxon Thrinaxodon liorhinus, allowing these taxa to be distinguished in the absence of cranial material. We also report the first evidence of intraspecific variation in the presence and distribution of disc‐like phalanges in a non‐mammaliaform cynodont. An analysis of the osteohistology of Galesaurus reveals rapid growth to skeletal maturity within one year, thereafter transitioning to slow intermittent growth. This growth pattern is similar to that of Thrinaxodon, which also grew rapidly and continuously to skeletal, and possibly reproductive, maturity within its first year of life. Features such as a strong, reinforced pelvis, elongated ilium, thick, robust forelimbs and stout unguals indicate that Galesaurus was capable of actively excavating burrows. The combination of rapid maturation and fossoriality may have aided its survival in the harsh, unpredictable post‐extinction Early Triassic environment.