Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of a multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy in Cambodian hospitals.

INTRODUCTION Hand hygiene is the most effective method of preventing healthcare-associated infections. Healthcare-associated infections are considered serious in developing countries, and there are few reports on the hand-hygiene status of these countries. Thus, we evaluated hand-hygiene status in eight hospitals in Cambodia to understand and identify factors hindering effective infection control. METHODOLOGY Eight infection-management instructors working in one of the eight Cambodian government hospitals in a large city were interviewed with the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework. RESULTS The mean Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework score across the eight hospitals was 177.81 ± 56.73. The overall level of compliance with the multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy across these eight hospitals was basic-two hospitals scored inadequate and six hospitals scored basic. The scores for the 5 factors of the Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework were as follows: 45.63 ± 15.45 for system change, 33.13 ± 16.89 for education and training, 27.81 ± 21.65 for evaluation and feedback, 58.13 ± 5.30 for reminders in the workplace, and 13.13 ± 11.00 for institutional safety climate for hand hygiene CONCLUSIONS: The promotion of hand hygiene compliance requires the establishment of a basic infrastructure, reinforcement of the hand hygiene education system, and provision of diverse educational materials, as well as the fostering of a professional workforce for education. Hospitals should also bolster their management systems for hand hygiene compliance.
Is vagal stimulation or inhibition benefit on the regulation of the stomach brain axis in obesity?

ABSTRACT Objective: Possible effects of the vagus inhibition and stimulation on the hypothalamic nuclei, myenteric plexes and the vagus nerve were investigated. Methods: The female rats divided to the inhibition (INH), stimulation (STI) and, sham (SHAM) groups were fed with high fat diet (including 40% of energy from animal fat). After nine weeks, the rats were allowed to recover for 4 weeks in INH group. In STI group, the left vagus nerve stimulated (30 Hz/500 msn/30 sec.) starting 2nd post operative day for 5 minutes during 4 weeks. Healthy female rats used as control (CONT). Then, tissue samples were analyzed by biochemical, histological and stereological methods. Results: The mean number of the neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the INH group was significantly less; but, that is significantly more in the STI group compared to the other groups. The neuronal density of ventromedial nucleus in the STI group was higher; while the density in the INH group was lower than the other groups. In the dorsomedial nucleus, neuron density of the INH group was lower than the other groups. In terms of the myenteric plexus volumes, that of the INH group was lowest. The myelinated axon number in the INH group was significantly highest. The myelin sheath thickness and axon area of the INH group was significantly lower than the other groups. Discussion: The results of the study show that the vagal inhibition is more effective than the vagal stimulation on the weight loss in the obesity.
Ophidiomycosis, an emerging fungal disease of snakes: Targeted surveillance on military lands and detection in the western US and Puerto Rico

Wildlife disease surveillance and pathogen detection are fundamental for conservation, population sustainability, and public health. Detection of pathogens in snakes is often overlooked despite their essential roles as both predators and prey within their communities. Ophidiomycosis (formerly referred to as Snake Fungal Disease, SFD), an emergent disease on the North American landscape caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, poses a threat to snake population health and stability. We tested 657 individual snakes representing 58 species in 31 states from 56 military bases in the continental US and Puerto Rico for O. ophiodiicola. Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola DNA was detected in samples from 113 snakes for a prevalence of 17.2% (95% CI: 14.4–20.3%), representing 25 species from 19 states/territories, including the first reports of the pathogen in snakes in Idaho, Oklahoma, and Puerto Rico. Most animals were ophidiomycosis negative (n = 462), with Ophidiomyces detected by qPCR (n = 64), possible ophidiomycosis (n = 82), and apparent ophidiomycosis (n = 49) occurring less frequently. Adults had 2.38 times greater odds than juveniles of being diagnosed with ophidiomycosis. Snakes from Georgia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia all had greater odds of ophidiomycosis diagnosis, while snakes from Idaho were less likely to be diagnosed with ophidiomycosis. The results of this survey indicate that this pathogen is endemic in the eastern US and identified new sites that could represent emergence or improved detection of endemic sites. The direct mortality of snakes with ophidiomycosis is unknown from this study, but the presence of numerous individuals with clinical disease warrants further investigation and possible conservation action.
Inclusion bodies are not uncommon in angioleiomyoma

Leiomyomas with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies have been described in the urinary bladder, brain, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and oral cavity but not in the skin. Prompted by our recent experience with a case of cutaneous angioleiomyoma with many inclusion bodies, we hypothesized that similar cases might have been previously overlooked.
In vitro Anti-Alzheimer and Anti Oxidant activity of the Peels of Citrus maxima fruits

Alzheimer's disease is an age-associated, irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by severe memory loss, unusual behavior, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. Even today Alzheimer disease is spreading in very fast pace though large number of researchers and manufacturers are engaged to find effective medication but result is not satisfactory. Most of the drugs or medicines have high tendency of side effect. This fact made me inclined towards plants to execute the research work. Normally it is observed that side effects in plant derivative are very less. Most potential target for the treatment and slowing down of Alzheimer disease progression is cholinesterase inhibitors from plants. The anti oxidant and anti cholinesterase activity of various extracts of Citrus maxima fruit peels were studied by DPPH assay and Hydrogen Peroxide radical scavenging effect for in vitro analysis; Whereas Ellman's colorimetric methods were used for anti cholinesterase activity estimation. Ethanolic extract shown the potent anti oxidant (DPPH; IC50= 25 μg/ml, HPSA; IC50= 54 μg/ml) and anti cholinesterase activity with IC50 value of 115μg/ml. These plants were found to be potent enough to be studied further for its in vivo Anti Alzheimer disease and to perform formulations.
Antisocial personality traits transcend species.

Antisocial personality is generally used to describe people who treat other people with callous disregard and disrespect. Although animal cruelty is diagnostic of conduct disorder, a precursor of antisocial personality in children, it is unclear whether the term antisocial also encompasses disregard and disrespect toward nonhuman animals among adults. In this study, we examined associations between three antianimal attitudes and behaviors-speciesism, hunting/fishing, and lack of sympathy for animal rights-and traits that underlie adult antisocial behavior. We found consistent links between antisocial personality traits and antianimal attitudes and behaviors in 2 samples. These effects were generally specific to traits linked to antisociality (although we also found associations with low openness), and these traits were stronger as predictors of variation among meat eaters than as predictors of differences between vegetarians and meat eaters. These results suggest that the term antisocial applies to negative attitudes and behaviors toward both humans and nonhuman animals and imply the potential value of considering antianimal attitudes and behaviors in the clinical assessment of antisocial personality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with postpartum blood pressure in preeclamptic women and normal pregnancies

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background: Preeclampsia has been associated with features of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In this study, we examine the relationships of calcium metabolism with blood pressure (BP) in preeclamptic women and in a control group of normal (NORM) pregnancies in the postpartum. Methods: Sixty-three consecutive preeclamptic women (age 35 ± 6 years) were studied 4 weeks after delivery. We collected clinical and lab information on pregnancy and neonates and measured plasma and urinary calcium and phosphate, plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D], and performed 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. BP and calcium metabolism of 51 preeclamptic were compared with 17 NORM pregnant women that matched for age, race, and postpartum BMI. Results: 25(OH)D deficiency (<10 ng/ml) was found in 3% of preeclamptic women, insufficiency (10–30 ng/ml) in 67%, and NORM values (31–100 ng/ml) in the remaining 30%. Elevated plasma PTH (≥79 pg/ml) was found in 24% of preeclamptic women who had 25(OH)D plasma levels of 21.4 ± 8.3 ng/ml. In these women, PTH levels was independently associated with 24-h SBP and DBP and daytime and night-time DBP. Prevalence of nondippers and reverse dippers was elevated (75% and 33%, respectively). No associations between calcium metabolism and neonates’ characteristics of preeclamptic women were observed. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and of elevated plasma PTH levels were comparable in matched groups. Considering preeclamptic women and matched controls as a whole group, office SBP and DBP levels were associated with PTH independently of preeclampsia and other confounders. Conclusion: Features of secondary hyperparathyroidism are common in the postpartum. Preeclampsia and increased PTH levels were both independent factors associated with increased BP after delivery, and both might affect the future cardiovascular risk of these women.
Path analysis identify indirect selection criteria for fruit yield in bacterial wilt tolerant genotypes of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.)

Understanding the direction and magnitude of the correlation between fruit yield and its attributing traits in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.) is a prerequisite for the identification of such characters whose selection would prove beneficial in any breeding programme. The correlation coefficient analysis measures the mutual relationship between various characters and it determines the component traits on which selection can be relied upon the effect of improvement. The correlation coefficient analysis was studied in 43 genotypes in bell pepper for different characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first picking, plant height (cm), primary branches per plant, harvest duration (days), fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), lobes per fruit, average fruit weight (g), marketable fruits per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant (g), capsanthin content (ASTA units), TSS (Brix) and ascorbic acid content (mg/100g) under Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during summer-rainy season, 2018. Significant and positive correlation of marketable fruit yield per plant, both at genotypic and phenotypic levels was recorded with marketable fruits per plant, harvest duration, average fruit weight and fruit width while significant and negative correlations were observed with days to 50 per cent flowering and days to first picking. The data pertaining to phenotypic and genotypic path revealed that marketable fruits per plant had maximum positive direct effect on marketable fruit yield per plant followed by average fruit weight. Similarly, marketable fruit yield was also increased by positive indirect effects of harvest duration and fruit width. Thus, direct selection for the above traits will be helpful in improving marketable fruit yield of bell pepper.
Decrease in gynecological cancer diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Austrian perspective

Background On March 16, 2020, the federal government of Austria declared a nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the lockdown, screening examinations and routine checkups have been restricted to prevent the spread of the virus and to increase the hospitals’ bed capacity across the country. This resulted in a severe decline of patient referrals to the hospitals. Objective To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of newly diagnosed gynecological and breast cancers in Austria. Methods Data of 2077 patients from 18 centers in Austria with newly diagnosed gynecological or breast cancer between January and May 2019 and January and May 2020 were collected. Clinical parameters, including symptoms, performance status, co-morbidities, and referral status, were compared between the time before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Results Our results showed a slight increase of newly diagnosed cancers in January and February 2020 as compared with 2019 (+2 and +35%, respectively) and a strong decline in newly diagnosed tumors since the lockdown: −24% in March 2020 versus March 2019, −49% in April 2020 versus April 2019, −49% in May 2020 versus May 2019. Two-thirds of patients diagnosed during the pandemic presented with tumor-specific symptoms compared with less than 50% before the pandemic (p<0.001). Moreover, almost 50% of patients in 2020 had no co-morbidities compared with 35% in 2019 (p<0.001). Patients, who already had a malignant disease, were rarely diagnosed with a new cancer in 2020 as compared with 2019 (11% vs 6%; p<0.001). Conclusions The lockdown led to a decreased number of newly diagnosed gynecological and breast cancers. The decreased accessibility of the medical services and postponed diagnosis of potentially curable cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic may be a step backwards in our healthcare system and might impair cancer treatment outcomes. Therefore, new strategies to manage early cancer detection are needed to optimize cancer care in a time of pandemic in the future.
Ontogenèse des nodules caulinaires du Sesbania rostrata (légumineuses)

Stem nodules of the legume Sesbania rostrata are ovoids, contain chlorophyll and have determinate growth. They possess a large central mass of infected cells. Stem mamillae are regularly arranged in vertical files along the stem and develop into nodules when they are infected by a specific Rhizobium. Each nodule arises from the development of an infected region of the incipient root cortex. The infection in S. rostrata has been shown to proceed in four sequential stages. Some of them have never been shown to occur in other legumes: (i) bacterial penetration takes place in degenerated (dead) cortical cells; (ii) proliferation of the bacteria occurs in the intercellular cavities and initiates a meristematic nodule; (iii) protusion of infection threads at first occurs intercellularly and then intracellularly from the cavities; (iv) finally there is an intracellular release of Rhizobia by an endocytotic process.
A critical review of methods for decontaminating filtering facepiece respirators

Various decontamination methods that may be used to extend respirator inventories have been examined for over a decade. In light of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many health-care settings are now implementing these techniques amid respirator shortages. We sought to perform a critical review of the available literature regarding decontamination methods to determine which strategies are effective at inactivating the target organism, preserve performance (filter efficiency and fit) of the respirator, leave no residual toxicity from the treatment, and are fast-acting, inexpensive, and readily available. We also identified areas for future research. We found that ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is the most widely studied method, and treatments are effective at inactivating SARS-CoV-2 without diminishing filtration efficiency or fit. These treatments were found to leave no residual toxicity for the wearer, have a relatively short cycle time of less than 1 h, and existing systems can likely be retrofitted to accommodate this method. Further, UVGI (among other treatment methods) has been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and respirator manufacturers. Methods involving microwave-generated steam also show potential in that they are likely effective against SARS-CoV-2, preserve performance, have no residual toxicity, require a short duration treatment cycle (often less than 10 min), and microwave ovens are inexpensive and readily available. Steam methods are currently recommended by the CDC, OSHA, and manufacturers. These respirator decontamination methods are likely also useful against other viruses or pathogens.
Synthesizing Mesh Deformation Sequences With Bidirectional LSTM

Synthesizing realistic 3D mesh deformation sequences is a challenging but important task in computer animation. To achieve this, researchers have long been focusing on shape analysis to develop new interpolation and extrapolation techniques. However, such techniques have limited learning capabilities and therefore often produce unrealistic deformation. Although there are already networks defined on individual meshes, deep architectures that operate directly on mesh sequences with temporal information remain unexplored due to the following major barriers: irregular mesh connectivity, rich temporal information, and varied deformation. To address these issues, we utilize convolutional neural networks defined on triangular meshes along with a shape deformation representation to extract useful features, followed by long short-term memory (LSTM) that iteratively processes the features. To fully respect the bidirectional nature of actions, we propose a new share-weight bidirectional scheme to better synthesize deformations. An extensive evaluation shows that our approach outperforms existing methods in sequence generation, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Selection, drift, and constraint in cypridinid luciferases and the diversification of bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies

Understanding the genetic causes of evolutionary diversification is challenging because differences across species are complex, often involving many genes. However, cases where single or few genetic loci affect a trait that varies dramatically across a radiation of species provide tractable opportunities to understand the genetics of diversification. Here, we begin to explore how diversification of bioluminescent signals across species of cypridinid ostracods (“sea fireflies”) was influenced by evolution of a single gene, cypridinid‐luciferase. In addition to emission spectra (“colour”) of bioluminescence from 21 cypridinid species, we report 13 new c‐luciferase genes from de novo transcriptomes, including in vitro assays to confirm function of four of those genes. Our comparative analyses suggest some amino acid sites in c‐luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection and may be associated with changes in both enzyme kinetics and colour, two enzymatic functions that directly impact the phenotype of bioluminescent signals. The analyses also suggest multiple other amino acid positions in c‐luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection, and may have impacted the variation of colour of bioluminescent signals across genera. Previous mutagenesis studies at candidate sites show epistatic interactions, which could constrain the evolution of c‐luciferase function. This work provides important steps toward understanding the genetic basis of diversification of behavioural signals across multiple species, suggesting different evolutionary processes act at different times during a radiation of species. These results set the stage for additional mutagenesis studies that could explicitly link selection, drift, and constraint to the evolution of phenotypic diversification.
Assessment of Anxiety and Stress among Dental Students to Return to Training in Dental College in COVID-19 Era

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the sources of anxiety and stress among dental students when returning back to training in dental colleges in the era of COVID-19, with the evaluation of a secure condition for training and practicing without the risk of contamination. Materials and Methods A questionnaire was edited in English and distributed to the dental students through the official site of Al-Farabi Private College/Jeddah/KSA. The questionnaire was assessed with different parameters: general information of respondents, anxiety and stress during dental training, importance criteria to be applied by dental college, and exploring the uses and benefits of e-learning. Results There were 315 respondents who participated in the study. About 85% participants feel anxiety and stress to return to the dental college. Theses-fearing expressed as high level for 63% compared with 2% before COVID-19. Almost 75% had supported the procedures to be implemented to ensure the safety of the students. About 43% of respondents agreed to continue e-learning in theoretical part only, 1% for clinical part only, and 47% in both. Finally, 67% of respondents preferred the use of alternative methods of learning (Phantom Laboratory) or any simulated teaching aids. Conclusions A revision of infection control management, improving the working environment, and learning how to deal with patients in purpose to protect everyone are mandatory to alleviate student anxiety to return to training in dental colleges.
Quality evaluation of some animal protein sources for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

The quality of four kinds of animal protein source (white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, and meat & bone meal) was evaluated on the basis of weight gain, protein digestibility, PER, NPU, and BV in rainbow trout. Four feeding experiments were con-ducted for 20days with diets containing one of these ingredients as the sole protein source at different protein levels in addition to a non-protein diet. Relatively, high values of protein digestibility of white fish meal (92%), brown fish meal (90%), and meat meal (91%) were obtained; meat & bone meal (78%) alone being slightly low. The nutritional quality of brown fish meal is almost comparable to that of white fish meat. The values for PER, NPU, and BV of these fish meats were found to be higher than meat meal and meat & bone meal; increasing with decreasing dietary protein levels in contrast to meat meal and meat & bone meal. These results have demonstrated that brown fish meal is as good as white fish meal in its nutritional value but meat meal and meat & bone meal performs lower probably due to their poor amino acid profile.