Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Performance of Red and Far-Red SIF for Monitoring GPP of Alpine Meadow Ecosystems

Alpine meadow ecosystems are extremely vulnerable to climate change and serve an essential function in terrestrial carbon sinks. Accurately estimating their gross primary productivity (GPP) is essential for understanding the global carbon cycle. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), as a companion product directly related to plant photosynthesis process, has become an attractive pathway for estimating GPP accurately. To date, the quantitative SIF-GPP relationship in terrestrial ecosystems is not yet clear. Especially, red SIF and far-red SIF present differences in their ability to track GPP under different environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated the performance of SIF at both red and far-red band in monitoring the GPP of an alpine meadow ecosystem based on continuous tower-based observations in 2019 and 2020. The results show that the canopy red SIF (SIFRed) and far-red SIF (SIFFar-red) were both strongly correlated with GPP. SIFRed was comparable to SIFFar-red for monitoring GPP based on comparisons of both half-hourly averaged and daily averaged datasets. Moreover, the relationship between SIFRed and GPP was linearly correlated, while the relationship between SIFFar-red and GPP tended to be nonlinear. At a diurnal scale, dramatic changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Ta), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) all had effects on the slope of the linear fitted line with zero intercept for SIFRed-GPP and SIFFar-red-GPP, and the effect on the slope of the linear fitted line with zero intercept for SIFFar-red-GPP was obviously stronger than that for SIFRed-GPP. PAR was the dominant factor among the three environmental factors in determining the diurnal variation of the slope of SIF-GPP. At a seasonal scale, the SIFFar-red/GPP was susceptible to PAR, Ta, and VPD, while the SIFRed/GPP remained relatively stable at different levels of Ta and VPD, and it was only weakly affected by PAR, suggesting that SIFRed was more consistent than SIFFar-red with GPP in response to seasonal variations in environmental factors. These results indicate that SIFRed has more potential than SIFFar-red for monitoring the GPP of alpine meadow ecosystems and can also assist researchers in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity of SIF-GPP relationships in different ecosystems.
BIO RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF LEAF EATING CATERPILLARS OF CABBAGE

The study was carried out to evaluate some biorational approaches for the management of two leaf eating cabbage caterpillars ( S. litura and P. xylostella) at three planting dates of cabbage. We did not find the population of Pieris brassicae in this study. In the 1 st planting, the lowest percent head infestation (3.79%) were recorded in the pheromone mass trap+ Bt+ SNPV treated plot followed by hand picking + pheromone for trapping S. litura and P. xylostella + spraying Bt (5.79%) and pheromone for trapping S. litura and P. xylostella + spraying Bt treated plots (6.01%) as against 10.35% infestation in untreated control. Similarly, the lowest percent head infestation were recorded in the pheromone + Bt+ SNPV treated plot from 2 nd and 3 rd planting dates 10.85% and 16.33%, respectively. P. xylostella larvae was not found at 1 st planting. The highest percent reduction of head infestation over control was recorded from pheromone mass trap+ Bt+ SNPV treated plots which were 63.4%, 49.7% and 46.62% respectively at three planting dates. Significantly the highest marketable yield (56.86 t ha -1 )) and highest BCR (4.32) was recorded from pheromone + Bt+ SNPV treated plot in three date of planting. Interaction of pheromone mass trap+ Bt+ SNPV and 1 st planting of cabbage was proved to be the most effective management approaches against two leaf eating caterpillars of cabbage. The population of leaf eating caterpillar of cabbage at elarly planting was much less. Thus, it does not require too much spraying to suppress leaf eating caterpillar of cabbage at early
Learning to Generate Examples for Semantic Processing Tasks

Even if recent Transformer-based architectures, such as BERT, achieved impressive results in semantic processing tasks, their fine-tuning stage still requires large scale training resources. Usually, Data Augmentation (DA) techniques can help to deal with low resource settings. In Text Classification tasks, the objective of DA is the generation of well-formed sentences that i) represent the desired task category and ii) are novel with respect to existing sentences. In this paper, we propose a neural approach to automatically learn to generate new examples using a pre-trained sequence-to-sequence model. We first learn a task-oriented similarity function that we use to pair similar examples. Then, we use these example pairs to train a model to generate examples. Experiments in low resource settings show that augmenting the training material with the proposed strategy systematically improves the results on text classification and natural language inference tasks by up to 10% accuracy, outperforming existing DA approaches.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of 12 Chinese primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy patients with HPGD mutations

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare genetic disease mainly affecting the skeletal and skin. Two genes involved in prostaglandin degradation are known to be responsible for PHO: HPGD and SLCO2A1. HPGD gene mutation can cause PHO autosomal recessive 1 (PHOAR1). The purpose of the present study is to analyze the clinical and biochemical characteristics and HPGD gene mutations of 12 Chinese PHOAR1 patients. Twelve PHOAR1 patients from eleven families, including eleven males and one female, were enrolled in this study. Digital clubbing and periostosis came out to be the most common features, which always occur in the early childhood. We performed HPGD gene analysis and identified six novel (c.1A>G, c.34G>T, c.317T>A, c.475G>T, c.548C>T and c.421+1G>T) and one known (c.310_311delCT) HPGD mutations. The recurrent mutation c. 310_311delCT were found in all eleven patients, suggesting it is a hotspot mutation. PHOAR1 patients are considered to have an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Here, in addition to nine compound heterozygous patients and two homozygous patients, we found one heterozygous patient and reviewed two heterozygous patients reported in other studies. In terms of biochemical characteristics, our PHOAR1 patients have elevated urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels (P<0.001) and decreased urinary prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE-M) levels (P=0.04) compared with healthy controls. The patients' PGE2/PGE-M (E/M) ratio came out to be lower than normal subjects (P<0.001). This study provides a comprehensive description of the clinical phenotypes of Chinese PHOAR1 patients and expands the genotypic spectrum of the disease.
Canopy Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Its Link to Transpiration in a Temperate Evergreen Needleleaf Forest during the Fall Transition

: Northern hemisphere evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF) contributes a signiﬁcant fraction of global water exchange but regional transpiration (T) observation in ENF ecosystems is still challenging. Traditional remote sensing techniques and terrestrial biosphere models reproduce the transpiration seasonality with difﬁculty, and with large uncertainties. Solar-induced chlorophyll ﬂuorescence (SIF) emission from vegetation correlates to photosynthesis at multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, how SIF links to transpiration of evergreen forest during seasonal transition is unclear. Here, we explored the relationship between canopy SIF and T retrieved from ground observation towers in ENF. We also examined the role of meteorological and soil factors on the relationship between SIF and T. A slow decrease of SIF and T with a fast reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, vapor pressure deﬁcit (VPD), soil temperature and soil water content (SWC) were found in the ENF during the fall transition. The correlation between SIF and T at hourly and daily scales varied signiﬁcantly among different months ( Pearson correlation coefﬁcient = 0.29–0.68, p < 0.01). SIF and T were signiﬁcantly linearly correlated at hourly (R 2 = 0.53, p < 0.001) and daily (R 2 = 0.67, p < 0.001) timescales in the October. Air temperature and PAR were the major moderating factors for the relationship between SIF and T in the fall transition. Soil water content (SWC) inﬂuenced the SIF-T relationship at an hourly scale. Soil temperature and VPD’s effect on the SIF-T relationship was evident at a daily scale. This study can help extend the possibility of constraining ecosystem T by SIF at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution during season transitions.
Supersonic boundary-layer interactions with various micro-vortex generator geometries

Abstract Various types of micro-vortex generators (μVGs) are investigated for control of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer subject to an oblique shock impingement, which causes flow separation. The micro-vortex generators are embedded in the boundary layer to avoid excessive wave drag while still creating strong streamwise vortices to energise the boundary layer. Several different types of µVGs were considered including micro-ramps and micro-vanes. These were investigated computationally in a supersonic boundary layer at Mach 3 using monotone integrated large eddy simulations (MILES). The results showed that vortices generated from μVGs can partially eliminate shock induced flow separation and can continue to entrain high momentum flux for boundary-layer recovery downstream. The micro-ramps resulted in thinner downstream displacement thickness in comparison to the micro-vanes. However, the strength of the streamwise vorticity for the micro-ramps decayed faster due to dissipation especially after the shock interaction. In addition, the close spanwise distance between each vortex for the ramp geometry causes the vortex cores to move upwards from the wall due to induced upwash effects. Micro-vanes, on the other hand, yielded an increased spanwise spacing of the streamwise vortices at the point of formation. This resulted in streamwise vortices staying closer to the floor with less circulation decay, and the reduction in overall flow separation is attributed to these effects. Two hybrid concepts, named ‘thick-vane’ and ‘split-ramp’, were also studied where the former is a vane with side supports and the latter has a uniform spacing along the centreline of the baseline ramp. These geometries behaved similar to the micro-vanes in terms of the streamwise vorticity and the ability to reduce flow separation, but are more physically robust than the thin vanes.
THE ACCURACY OF FISH OTOLITH ANALYSIS AND SOME VALIDATION METHODS

: Age structure and growth of fish are the extremely important data in fishery management. The data help policy makers have good strategies to manage and catch fish more effectively and sustainably. Although there are many studies on fish age determination based on otolith, the methods are still essential to be validated for each species, each method and studied area, because fish otolith formation is affected by many endogenous and exogenous factors. This paper shows the fish otolith function and its formation and introduces some validation methods, including: rearing fish, mark and release, radiometric assessment, assays of bomb radiocarbon, counting daily increments between annuli, length-frequency modes and validating the first growth increment.
in Diet Composition of Bullet Mackerel, Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) in the Coastal Waters of Iloilo,

Philippines ABSTRACT The diet composition of bullet mackerel, Auxis rochei was studied using 200 specimens collected from December 2013 to May 2014 in the coastal waters of Iloilo, Philippines. The size of A. rochei ranged from 11.1 to 31.2 cm in fork length (FL). A. rochei was epipelagic feeder that consumed mainly fishes. In addition, A. rochei consumed shrimps, copepods, crab larvae, amphipods and cephalopods. The diet also included small quantities of stomatopods, bivalves, and ostracods. Also, analysis of the prey-specific abundance against the frequency of occurrence shows that A. rochei have a narrow food niche, and are specialized feeder with fish as their dominant prey. Although fishes were the primary in food consumed by all size class. The fishes gradually increased with body
The Great Carbon Arbitrage, WP/22/107, June 2022

We measure the gains from phasing out coal as the social cost of carbon times the quantity of avoided emissions. By comparing the present value of the benefits from avoided emissions against the present value of costs of ending coal plus the costs of replacing it with renewable energy, our baseline estimate is that the world can realize a net gain of 77.89 trillion USD. This represents around 1.2% of current world GDP every year until 2100. The net benefits from ending coal are so large that renewed efforts, carbon pricing, and other financing policies we discuss, should be pursued. JEL Classification Numbers: Q20, Q48, Q50, Q51, Q54, G00
Unilateral tinnitus and sudden neurosensorial hearing loss caused by a looped vessel: An MRI case report Research Journal of Neurology and Neuro Disorders Unilateral tinnitus and sudden neurosensorial hearing loss caused by a looped vessel: An MRI case report

This is a case of neurovascular compression syndrome that lead to a sudden hearing loss on unilateral side in a female patient. The blood vessel is looping the vestibulocochlear nerve on the effected side by tinnitus and sudden neurosensorial hearing loss. All the theories and hypotheses about what could cause such symptoms will be discussed in this paper in details. The condition of the looping artery will be presented on an MRI scan T2 3D constructive interference in steady state images which is the best in visualizing conditions like this one.
Early treatment of Favipiravir in COVID-19 patients without pneumonia: a multicentre, open-labelled, randomized control study

ABSTRACT We investigated Favipiravir (FPV) efficacy in mild cases of COVID-19 without pneumonia and its effects towards viral clearance, clinical condition, and risk of COVID-19 pneumonia development. PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients without pneumonia were enrolled (2:1) within 10 days of symptomatic onset into FPV and control arms. The former received 1800 mg FPV twice-daily (BID) on Day 1 and 800 mg BID 5–14 days thereafter until negative viral detection, while the latter received only supportive care. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement, defined by a National Early Warning Score (NEWS) of ≤1. 62 patients (41 female) comprised the FPV arm (median age: 32 years, median BMI: 22 kg/m²) and 31 patients (19 female) comprised the control arm (median age: 28 years, median BMI: 22 kg/m²). The median time to sustained clinical improvement, by NEWS, was 2 and 14 days for FPV and control arms, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.77, 95% CI 1.57–4.88, P < . 001). The FPV arm also had significantly higher likelihoods of clinical improvement within 14 days after enrolment by NEWS (79% vs. 32% respectively, P < .001). 8 (12.9%) and 7 (22.6%) patients in FPV and control arms developed mild pneumonia at a median (range) of 6.5 (1–13) and 7 (1–13) days after treatment, respectively (P = .316). All recovered well without complications. We can conclude that early treatment of FPV in symptomatic COVID-19 patients without pneumonia was associated with faster clinical improvement. Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry identifier: TCTR20200514001.
SENSITIVE QUESTIONS IN SURVEYS A COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL SURVEY STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ITEM COUNT TECHNIQUE

In research on sensitive questions in surveys, the item count technique (ICT) has gained increased attention in recent years as a means of counteracting the problem of misreporting, that is, the under- and over-reporting of socially undesirable and socially desirable behaviors or attitudes. The performance of ICT compared with conventional direct questioning (DQ) has been investigated in numerous experimental studies, yielding mixed evidence. This calls for a systematic review. For this purpose, the present article reports results from a comprehensive meta-analysis of experimental studies comparing ICT estimates of sensitive items to those obtained via DQ. In total, 89 research articles with 124 distinct samples and 303 effect estimates are analyzed. All studies rely on the “more (less) is better” assumption, meaning that higher (lower) estimates of negatively (positively) connoted traits or behaviors are considered more valid. The results show (1) a significantly positive pooled effect of ICT on the validity of survey responses compared with DQ; (2) a pronounced heterogeneity in study results, indicating uncertainty that ICT would
The Impact of Control Mechanism and Video Game Playing Experience on Brand Awareness and Consumer Brand Loyalty in Sport Video Games

The majority of recent sport video game brand awareness research has focused on the increase of advertisers and changes to the in-game experience. The major objective of this study was to conduct one of the first ever studies related to brand awareness in mobile sports video games while also examining the potential differences in brand awareness due to the type of control mechanism. A total of 176 participants took part in this quasi-experimental study that used two different control mechanisms (PS4 and iPad) and one control group (Pictures) to investigate the influence of control mechanism on brand awareness and brand loyalty. Results indicated that control mechanism significantly impacted both the brand awareness and brand loyalty of those playing sports video games. Additionally, avid gamers demonstrated significantly higher levels of brand awareness and brand loyalty than casual gamers.
b -Blocker treatment during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Objective: To investigate the association between exposure to b -blockers during pregnancy and the risk of being born small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth and perinatal mortality in a nationwide cohort. Design: A population-based retrospective cohort study, using the Danish Fertility Database. The authors identiﬁed all pregnant women redeeming a prescription for b -blockers using the National Prescription Registry. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between exposure and our outcomes. Setting: Register-based survey. Participants: 911’685 births between 1995 and 2008 obtained from the Danish Fertility Database. Outcome measures: Being born SGA was deﬁned as having a birth weight below the 10th percentile for the corresponding gestational week. Preterm birth was deﬁned as birth before the 37th gestational week. Perinatal mortality was deﬁned as either death occurring within the ﬁrst 28 days of life or stillbirth. Before 2004, fetal deaths were recorded as stillbirths if they occurred after 28 weeks of gestation, but since then stillbirth is recorded for deaths after 22 gestational weeks. Results: The authors identiﬁed 2459 pregnancies exposed to b -blockers. b -Blocker exposure during pregnancy was found to be associated with increased risk of SGA (adjusted OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.75 to 2.23), preterm birth (adjusted OR 2.26, 95% CI 2.03 to 2.52) and perinatal mortality (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.84). Analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic and maternal variables. The authors found similar risk proﬁles for pregnancies exposed to labetalol and for pregnancies exposed to other b -blockers. Conclusions: The authors found that exposure to b -blockers during pregnancy was associated with being born SGA, preterm birth and perinatal mortality. Our ﬁndings show that labetalol is not safer than other b -blockers during pregnancy.
Dynamic Gazetteer Integration in Multilingual Models for Cross-Lingual and Cross-Domain Named Entity Recognition

Named entity recognition (NER) in a real-world setting remains challenging and is impacted by factors like text genre, corpus quality, and data availability. NER models trained on CoNLL do not transfer well to other domains, even within the same language. This is especially the case for multi-lingual models when applied to low-resource languages, and is mainly due to missing entity information. We propose an approach that with limited effort and data, addresses the NER knowledge gap across languages and domains. Our novel approach uses a token-level gating layer to augment pre-trained multilingual transformers with gazetteers containing named entities (NE) from a target language or domain.This approach provides the flexibility to jointly integrate both textual and gazetteer information dynamically: entity knowledge from gazetteers is used only when a token’s textual representation is insufficient for the NER task.Evaluation on several languages and domains demonstrates: (i) a high mismatch of reported NER performance on CoNLL vs. domain specific datasets, (ii) gazetteers significantly improve NER performance across languages and domains, and (iii) gazetteers can be flexibly incorporated to guide knowledge transfer. On cross-lingual transfer we achieve an improvement over the baseline with F1=+17.6%, and with F1=+21.3% for cross-domain transfer.
九州大学学術情報リポジトリKyushu University

: One of the biggest problems in complicated and high-performance SoC design is management of energy and/or power consumption. In this chapter, we present energy management techniques in system design including HW and SW, SoC architecture and logic design. Dynamic power consumption is the major factor of energy consumption in the current CMOS digital circuits. The dynamic power consumption is affected by supply voltage, load capacitance and switching activity. We present approaches to controlling supply voltage, load capacitance and switching activity dynamically and statically in system architecture and algorithm design levels. We also discuss on the memory architecture for reducing power and energy in HW and SW co-design of SoC. In the future CMOS technology, leakage power consumption becomes dominant, because the threshold voltages are scaled as the transistor size shrinks. We summarize the techniques for reducing leakage power in system architecture design. The contents of the chapter include the following issues; (1) power and energy consumptions in SoC design, (2) tradeoff between energy and performance, (3) tradeoff among energy, QoS (i.e., latency and computational precision), reliability, and flexibility (4) techniques for reducing dynamic power consumption, and (5) leakage power reduction techniques.
Static Thin Disks with Power-law Density Profiles

The task of finding the potential of a thin circular disk with power-law radial density profile is revisited. The result, given in terms of infinite Legendre-type series in the above reference, has now been obtained in closed form thanks to the method of Conway employing Bessel functions. Starting from a closed-form expression for the potential generated by the elementary density term ρ 2l , we cover more generic—finite solid or infinite annular—thin disks using superposition and/or inversion with respect to the rim. We check several specific cases against the series-expansion form by numerical evaluation at particular locations. Finally, we add a method to obtain a closed-form solution for finite annular disks whose density is of “bump” radial shape, as modeled by a suitable combination of several powers of radius. Density and azimuthal pressure of the disks are illustrated on several plots, together with radial profiles of free circular velocity.