Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CLASH: accurate photometric redshifts with 14 HST bands in massive galaxy cluster cores

We present accurate photometric redshifts for galaxies observed by the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). CLASH observed 25 massive galaxy cluster cores with the Hubble Space Telescope in 16 filters spanning 0.2–1.7 μm. Photometry in such crowded fields is challenging. Compared to our previously released catalogues, we make several improvements to the photometry, including smaller apertures, intracluster light subtraction, point spread function matching and empirically measured uncertainties. We further improve the Bayesian photometric redshift estimates by adding a redder elliptical template and by inflating the photometric uncertainties of the brightest galaxies. The resulting photometric redshift accuracies are dz/(1+z) ∼ 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 per cent for galaxies with I-band F814W AB magnitudes < 18, 20 and 23, respectively. These results are consistent with our expectations. They improve on our previously reported accuracies by a factor of 4 at the bright end and a factor of 2 at the faint end. Our new catalogue includes 1257 spectroscopic redshifts, including 382 confirmed cluster members. We also provide stellar mass estimates. Finally, we include lensing magnification estimates of background galaxies based on our public lens models. Our new catalogue of all 25 CLASH clusters is available via Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. The analysis techniques developed here will be useful in other surveys of crowded fields, including the Frontier Fields and surveys carried out with Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerated Universe Astrophysical Survey and James Webb Space Telescope.
Purveyors of fine halos: Re-assessing globular cluster contributions to the Milky Way halo buildup with SDSS-IV

There is ample evidence in the Milky Way for globular cluster (GC) disruption. It may therefore be expected that part of the Galactic halo field star population may also once have formed in GCs. We seek to quantify the fraction of halo stars donated by GCs by searching for stars that bear the unique chemical fingerprints typical for a subset of GC stars often dubbed “second-generation stars”. These are stars showing light-element abundance anomalies such as a pronounced CN-band strength accompanied by weak CH-bands. Based on this indicator, past studies have placed the fraction of halo stars with a GC origin between a few to up to 50%. Using low-resolution spectra from the most recent data release (DR14) of the latest extension of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV), we were able to identify 118 metal-poor (−1.8 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −1.3) CN-strong stars in a sample of 4470 halo giant stars out to ∼50 kpc. This increases the number of known halo stars with GC-like light-element abundances by a factor of two and results in an observed fraction of these stars of 2.6 ± 0.2%. Using an updated formalism to account for the fraction of stars lost early on in the GC evolution, we thus estimate the fraction of the Galactic halo that stems from disrupted clusters to be very low, at 11 ± 1%. This number would represent the case that stars lost from GCs were entirely from the first generation and is thus merely an upper limit. Our conclusions are sensitive to our assumptions of the mass lost early on from the first generation formed in the GCs, the ratio of first-to-second generation stars, and other GC parameters. We carefully tested the influence of varying these parameters on the final result and find that under realistic scenarios, this fraction depends on the main assumptions at less than 10 percentage points. We further recover a flat trend in this fraction with Galactocentric radius, with a marginal indication of a rise beyond 30 kpc that could reflect the ex situ origin of the outer halo as is also seen in other stellar tracers.
Floquet Topological Semimetal with Nodal Helix

Topological semimetals with nodal line are a novel class of topological matter extending the concept of topological matter beyond topological insulators and Weyl/Dirac semimetals. Here, we show that a Floquet topological semimetal with nodal helix can be generated by irradiating graphene or the surface of a topological insulator with circularly polarized light. Nodal helix is a form of nodal line running across the Brillouin zone with helical winding. Specifically, it is shown that the dynamics of irradiated graphene is described by the time Stark Hamiltonian, which can host a Floquet topological insulator and a weakly driven Floquet topological semimetal with nodal helix in the high and low frequency limits, respectively. It is predicted that, at low frequency, the $\pi$ shift of the Zak phase generates a topological discontinuity along the projected nodal helix in the momentum spectrum of the Floquet states. At intermediate frequency, this topological discontinuity can create an interesting change of patterns in the quasienergy dispersion of the Floquet states.
Surface tension of hot and dense quark matter under strong magnetic fields

We study the surface tension of hot, highly magnetized three flavor quark matter droplets, focusing specifically on the thermodynamic conditions prevailing in neutron stars, hot lepton rich protoneutron stars and neutron star mergers. We explore the role of temperature, baryon number density, trapped neutrinos, droplet size and magnetic fields within the multiple reflection expansion formalism (MRE), assuming that astrophysical quark matter can be described as a mixture of free Fermi gases composed by quarks $u$, $d$, $s$, electrons and neutrinos, in chemical equilibrium under weak interactions. We find that the total surface tension is rather unaffected by the size of the drop, but is quite sensitive to the effect of baryon number density, temperature, trapped neutrinos and magnetic fields (specially above $eB \sim 5 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{GeV}^2$). Surface tensions parallel and transverse to the magnetic field span values up to $\sim$ 25 MeV/fm$^2$. For $T \lesssim 100$ MeV the surface tension is a decreasing function of temperature but above 100 MeV it increases monotonically with $T$. Finally, we discuss some astrophysical consequences of our results.
The impact of baryonic discs on the shapes and profiles of self-interacting dark matter haloes

We employ isolated N-body simulations to study the response of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halos in the presence of the baryonic potentials. Dark matter self-interactions lead to kinematic thermalization in the inner halo, resulting in a tight correlation between the dark matter and baryon distributions. A deep baryonic potential shortens the phase of SIDM core expansion and triggers core contraction. This effect can be further enhanced by a large self-scattering cross section. We find the final SIDM density profile is sensitive to the baryonic concentration and the strength of dark matter self-interactions. Assuming a spherical initial halo, we also study evolution of the SIDM halo shape together with the density profile. The halo shape at later epochs deviates from spherical symmetry due to the influence of the non-spherical disk potential, and its significance depends on the baryonic contribution to the total gravitational potential, relative to the dark matter one. In addition, we construct a multi-component model for the Milky Way, including an SIDM halo, a stellar disk and a bulge, and show it is consistent with observations from stellar kinematics and streams.
Biological Removal of High Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide at Low Temperature in a Compost-Based Biofilter

ABSTRACT A laboratory scale biological purification system that removes hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in waste gas at low temperature condition from -1 to 10 °C was investigated for a continuous operation of 82 days. Good performance of the biological purification system was obtained, and the highest elimination capacity was 1214 g·m-3 ·h-1 at the inlet load of 1919 g·m-3 ·h-1. In the experimental period, pH of packing was maintained in the neutral range. The removal efficiency of H2S was not affected by the accumulation of sulfate and the consumption of nitrogen. The performance of the biological purification system was maintained in a high level and exhibited a strong long-term potential H2S removal capability in this 82 day.
Deep neural network with high‐order neuron for the prediction of foamed concrete strength

The article presents a deep neural network model for the prediction of the compressive strength of foamed concrete. A new, high‐order neuron was developed for the deep neural network model to improve the performance of the model. Moreover, the cross‐entropy cost function and rectified linear unit activation function were employed to enhance the performance of the model. The present model was then applied to predict the compressive strength of foamed concrete through a given data set, and the obtained results were compared with other machine learning methods including conventional artificial neural network (C‐ANN) and second‐order artificial neural network (SO‐ANN). To further validate the proposed model, a new data set from the laboratory and a given data set of high‐performance concrete were used to obtain a higher degree of confidence in the prediction. It is shown that the proposed model obtained a better prediction, compared to other methods. In contrast to C‐ANN and SO‐ANN, the proposed model can genuinely improve its performance when training a deep neural network model with multiple hidden layers. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the input variables on the compressive strength. The results indicated that the compressive strength of foamed concrete is greatly affected by density, followed by the water‐to‐cement and sand‐to‐cement ratios. By providing a reliable prediction tool, the proposed model can aid researchers and engineers in mixture design optimization of foamed concrete.
Genetic Diversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Cyanobacteria from Sri Lanka based on 16 S rRNA Gene

The diversity of cyanobacteria in Sri Lanka was studied in different water reservoirs, paddy fields, brackish water and tsunami affected areas using light microcopy, 16S rRNA sequences, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Based on light microscopy, 24 genera were identified from environmental samples belonging to the orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, Pleurocapsales and Nostocales. In cultures, 33 genera were identified from all five cyanobacterial orders, including Stigonematales. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and their morphology, two isolates were identified up to species level, 72 to genus level, one isolate up to family and 11 up to order level. Twelve isolates couldn’t be assigned to any taxonomic level. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequences along with the phylogenetic analysis indicated that some cyanobacterial isolates could be accommodated to genus or order level. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis data in this study confirmed that order Nostocales and order Pleurocapsales cyanobacteria are monophyletic while orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Stigonematales cyanobacteria are polyphyletic. Polyphasic approach including the combination of light microscopy, cultures and the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences provide a promising approach to ascertain the diversity of cyanobacteria in different habitats.
Effect of density ratio on the secondary breakup : A numerical study

Secondary atomization has been the subject of interest for many decades a phenomenon that is widely seen in both natural as well as industrial environments. While there have been several experimental studies at ambient conditions which involve real-world density ratios (ρ∗ = ρliq/ρgas > 500), most of the numerical investigations have been at much lower density ratios (ρ∗ < 50). Present study attempts to bridge this gap by studying the single drop breakup behavior for a wide range of density ratios (10-1000) using fully resolved volume-of-fluid (VOF) simulations. It is well established that the non-dimensional parameter, aerodynamic Weber number (We) dictates the regimes of secondary breakup. Therefore, both ρ∗ and We are varied independently to capture different regimes of droplet breakup for different ρ∗ at a given We. A phase plot of ρ∗ −We is also plotted showing the different regimes of breakup. We show that the breakup dynamics of the droplets at low density ratios is significantly different to that observed at high density ratios. We also study the temporal characteristics of the droplet deformation and motion.
A Modular André–Oort Statement with Derivatives

Abstract In unpublished notes, Pila discussed some theory surrounding the modular function j and its derivatives. A focal point of these notes was the statement of two conjectures regarding j, j′ and j″: a Zilber–Pink-type statement incorporating j, j′ and j″, which was an extension of an apparently weaker conjecture of André–Oort type. In this paper, I first cover some background regarding j, j′ and j″, mostly covering the work already done by Pila. Then I use a seemingly novel adaptation of the o-minimal Pila–Zannier strategy to prove a weakened version of Pila's ‘Modular André–Oort with Derivatives’ conjecture. Under the assumption of a certain number-theoretic conjecture, the central theorem of the paper implies Pila's conjecture in full generality, as well as a more precise statement along the same lines.
Constraining the Johannsen deformation parameter 
ε3
 with black hole x-ray data

We extend our previous work on tests of the Kerr black hole hypothesis using X-ray reflection spectroscopy and we infer observational constraints on the Johannsen deformation parameter $\epsilon_3$. We analyze a NuSTAR observation of the stellar-mass black hole in GS 1354-645, Suzaku data of the supermassive black holes in Ark 564, 1H0419-577, and PKS 0558-504, and some simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the supermassive black hole in MCG-6-30-15. All our measurements of $\epsilon_3$ are consistent with the Kerr metric and we find quite strong constraints from Ark 564 and MCG-6-30-15. We discuss the implications of our results and the next steps to improve our tests.
OH-terminated two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides as ultralow work function materials

MXenes are a set of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides that offer many potential applications in energy storage and electronic devices. As an important parameter to design new electronic devices, we investigate the work functions of bare MXenes and their functionalized ones with F, OH, and O chemical groups using first-principles calculations. From our calculations, it turns out that the OH terminated MXenes attain ultralow work functions between 1.6 and 2.8 eV. Moreover, depending on the type of the transition metal, the F or O functionalization affects increasing or decreasing the work functions. We show that the changes in the work functions upon functionalizations are linearly correlated with the changes in the surface dipole moments. It is shown that the work functions of the F or O terminated MXenes are controlled by two factors: the induced dipole moments by the charge transfers between F/O and the substrate, and the changes in the total surface dipole moments caused by surface relaxation upon the functionalization. However, in the cases of the OH terminated MXenes, in addition to these two factors, the intrinsic dipole moments of the OH groups play an important role in determining the total dipole moments and consequently justify their ultralow work functions.
The XMM deep survey in the CDFS

We present the X-ray spectra of 185 bright sources detected in the XMM-Newton deep survey of the Chandra Deep Field South with the three EPIC cameras combined. The 2–10 keV flux limit of the sample is 2 × 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2. The sources are distributed over a redshift range of z = 0.1−3.8, with 11 new X-ray redshift measurements included. A spectral analysis was performed using a simple model to obtain absorbing column densities, rest-frame 2–10 keV luminosities, and Fe K line properties of 180 sources at z > 0.4. Obscured AGN are found to be more abundant toward higher redshifts. Using the XMM-Newton data alone, seven Compton-thick AGN candidates were identified, which set the Compton-thick AGN fraction at ≃4%. An exploratory spectral inspection method with two rest-frame X-ray colours and an Fe line strength indicator was introduced and tested against the results from spectral fitting. This method works reasonably well to characterise a spectral shape and can be useful for a pre-selection of Compton-thick AGN candidates. We found six objects exhibiting broad Fe K lines out of 21 unobscured AGN of best data quality, implying a detection rate of ∼30%. Five redshift spikes, each with more than six sources, are identified in the redshift distribution of the X-ray sources. Contrary to the overall trend, the sources at the two higher redshift spikes, at z = 1.61 and z = 2.57, exhibit a puzzlingly low obscuration.
A Hybrid Solution Scheme for Performance Evaluation of Crankshaft Bearings

In the past decades the research efforts towards efficient solutions of crankshaft bearing using both rapid (e.g., analytical, semi-analytical, curve fits) and rigorous numerical approaches have made sufficient progress. Analytical solutions compromise on accuracy. In contrast numerical methods require very high computational time and facilities with large memory requirements. These features make it very difficult to obtain a solution that is optimal with respect to memory requirements, computational speed and accuracy. Therefore, here a hybrid procedure for thermal analysis of crankshaft bearings is attempted, which uses a combination of both the analytical and numerical solution techniques. Operational parameters such as journal velocity and effective viscosity are calculated with reasonable accuracy using analytical method. Other parameters such as maximum pressure, oil-flow, and power loss are evaluated by numerical technique. Experiments to validate the proposed hybrid procedure are performed, by developing a test rig that simulates the speed and load conditions usually encountered in practice. A number of experiments at different speeds loads are performed to check the reliability of the global energy balance (based on effective viscosity assumption) in dynamically loaded bearing. The hybrid methodology is described by a flow chart and can conveniently he programmed on a personal computer. The predictions of two crankshaft main bearings using the proposed methodology are compared with those obtained by rigorous transient thermohydrodynamic (THD) analysis.
Phase transitions and critical phenomena of tiny grains carbon films synthesized in microwave‐based vapor deposition system

Different peak trends of tiny grains carbon film have been observed under the investigations of the Raman spectroscopy and energy loss spectroscopy. Carbon films known in nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond films are synthesized by employing microwave‐based vapor deposition system. Carbon atoms exhibit several state behaviors depending on the incurred positions of their electrons. Different morphology of tiny grains under different chamber pressure is related to different rate of arriving typical energies at/near substrate surface. Those tiny grains of carbon film, which evolved in graphitic state atoms are converted to structure of smooth elements where elongation of atoms of one‐dimensional arrays is as per exerting surface format forces along opposite poles from their centers. Such tiny grains in the film are the cause of v1 peak under the investigation of the Raman spectrum because of the enhanced propagation of input laser signals through channelized inter‐state electron gaps of elongated graphitic state atoms. Those tiny grains of carbon film, which evolved in fullerene state are the cause of v2 peak. The tiny grains related to v1 peak possess a low intensity as compared with the ones which comprised atoms having state behaviors known in their exceptional hardness. Tiny grains representing v1 peak in the Raman spectrum are also the cause of field emission characteristic of a carbon film. Different peak recordings were made for the Raman at defined positions indicating a different state of carbon atoms for a different phase of deposited tiny grains, which is in line to their energy loss spectroscopy.
Mechanistic Insights into Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 over Ag using DFT and Transport Models Classification : Physical Sciences

1Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 3Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 4Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 5Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
Arithmetic of 0-cycles on varieties defined over number fields

Let $X$ be a rationally connected algebraic variety, defined over a number field $k$. We find a relation between the arithmetic of rational points on $X$ and the arithmetic of zero-cycles. More precisely, we consider the following statements: (1) the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to weak approximation for $K$-rational points on $X_K$ for all finite extensions $K/k$; (2) the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to weak approximation in some sense that we define for zero-cycles of degree 1 on $X_K$ for all finite extensions $K/k$; (3) a certain sequence of local-global type for Chow groups of 0-cycles on $X_K$ is exact for all finite extensions $K/k$. We prove that (1) implies (2), and that (2) and (3) are equivalent. We also prove a similar implication for the Hasse principle. As an application, we prove the exactness of the sequence mentioned above for smooth compactifications of certain homogeneous spaces of linear algebraic groups.
Using movement, diet, and genetic analyses to understand Arctic charr responses to ecosystem change

Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus are a commercially and culturally valued species for northern Indigenous peoples. Climate shifts could have important implications for charr and those that rely on them, but studies that evaluate responses to ecosystem change and the spatial scales at which they occur are rare. We compare marine-phase habitat use, long-term diet patterns, and trends in effective population size of Arctic charr from 2 areas (Nain and Saglek) of Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada. Tagged charr in both areas frequently occupied estuaries but some also used other habitats that extended to the headland environments outside of their natal fjords. Despite the relatively small distances separating these study areas (<200 km), we observed differences in habitat use and diet. Northern stocks (including Saglek) were more reliant on invertebrates than southern stocks (e.g. Nain), for which capelin and sand lance were important prey. The use of coastal headlands also varied, with Saglek charr occupying these environments more frequently than those from Nain, which only used these habitats in 1 year of the study. Long-term commercial catches also indicate that the tendency for Nain charr to stay within fjords varies annually and relates to capelin availability. Despite the demonstrated capacity to alter diet and habitat use to changing environmental conditions, notable declines in effective population size were associated with the regime shift of the 1990s in the northwest Atlantic. Collectively, these results demonstrate that behavioral plasticity of Arctic charr may be insufficient to deal with the large environmental perturbations expected to arise from a changing climate.