Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instabilities in Moving Planetary Nebulae

We apply recent theoretical results of gasdynamic instabilities to interpret observations of 34 planetary nebulae moving through, and interacting with, the interstellar medium. We show that the Rayleigh-Taylor instability can play an important role not only in shaping the outskirts of the nebulae but in shaping the inner regions as well, since it allows the interstellar medium to flow into the nebular inner parts by fragmenting the halo. This is nicely demonstrated, we claim, in the interacting planetary nebulae A35 and IC 4593, which have bow shocks well inside their almost spherical, but very filamentary, halos. The fragmentation by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability relaxes the need to assume nonhomogeneous mass ejection by these planetary nebulae progenitors. We also apply recent results that suggest that the interstellar medium magnetic field makes the Rayleigh-Taylor instability very efficient for nebulae close to the Galactic plane and breaks the cylindrical symmetry of Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability modes. The deviation from axisymmetry in the interaction process forms what we term "Rayleigh-Taylor rolls" (or stripes), instead of "fingers" or "blobs," which form in the unmagnetized flow.
On Michael Bassey's Concept of the Fuzzy Generalisation

This article is a response to Michael Bassey's argument that case study research, and educational and social research generally, ought to be aimed at producing 'fuzzy' generalisations and predictions. His characterisation of these is examined against the background of the other types of generalisation he discusses. The conclusion reached is that what he has identified is not a distinct type of generalisation but a mode of formulation that ought to be employed in all predictions for practical use derived from scientific generalisations.
Cloud Coverage Based on All-Sky Imaging and Its Impact on Surface Solar Irradiance

In Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand, two all-sky imaging systems have been in operation for more than 1 yr, measuring the total, opaque, and thin cloud fraction, as well as indicating whether the sun is obscured by clouds. The data provide a basis for investigating the impact of clouds on the surface radiation field. The allsky cloud parameters were combined with measurements of global, direct, and diffuse surface solar irradiance over the spectral interval from 0.3 to 3 mm. Here, the results of ongoing analysis of this dataset are described. As a reference for the magnitude of the cloud influence, clear-sky irradiance values are estimated as a simple function of solar zenith angle and the earth‐sun distance. The function is derived from a least squares fit to measurements taken when available cloud images show clear-sky situations. Averaged over a longer time period, such as 1 month, cloud fraction and surface irradiance are clearly negatively correlated. Monthly means in the ratio of the measured surface irradiance to the clear-sky value had a correlation coefficient of about 20.9 with means of cloud fraction for the months from July 2000 to June 2001. In the present work reductions in the surface irradiance and situations in which clouds cause radiation values to exceed the expected clear-sky amount are analyzed. Over 1 yr of observations, 1-min-averaged radiation measurements exceeding the expected clearsky value by more than 10% were observed with a frequency of 5%. In contrast, a reduction of more than 10% below estimated clear-sky values occurred in 66% of the cases, while clear-sky irradiances (measured irradiance within 610% of estimated clear-sky value) were observed 29% of the time. Low cloud fractions frequently lead to moderate enhancement, because the sun is often unobscured and the clouds are brighter than the sky that they hide. As cloud fraction increases the sun is likely to be obscured, causing irradiance values to fall well below clear-sky values. However, in the case of unobscured sun, there is a tendency for strongest enhancements when cloud fractions are highest. Enhancements, especially at high solar zenith angle, are also often observed in association with thin clouds.
Quadratic formulas for generalized quaternions

In this paper we derive explicit formulas for computing the roots of a quadratic polynomial with coefficients in a generalized quaternion algebra over any field 𝔽 with characteristic not 2. We also give some example of applications for the derived formulas, solving equations in the algebra of Hamilton's quaternions ℍ, in the ring M2(ℝ) of 2 × 2 square matrices over ℝ and in quaternion algebras over finite fields.
Phase separation of monomer in liquid crystal mixtures and surface morphology in polymer-stabilized vertical alignment liquid crystal displays

The polymer-stabilized vertically aligned (PS-VA) liquid crystal display (LCD) driving mode has high potential for manufacturing low power consuming displays due to the higher transmittance and fast response as compared with the existing patterned vertically aligned and multi-domain vertically aligned modes. In this paper we have investigated the reaction mechanisms of monomer–liquid crystal blends to form a surface pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal in vertical alignment LCD associated with a fishbone electrode structure. The observed sizes of polymer bumps formed on the substrates were found to be dependent on the exposed UV wavelength and were almost equal in both top and bottom substrates. When a large UV wavelength was used, the phase separation mechanism of monomer in PS-VA mode was found nearly isotropic rather than anisotropic in contrast to the previous studies.
Integrated radial basis functions‐based differential quadrature method and its performance

In this paper, indirect radial basis function networks (IRBFN) proposed by Nam and Tranh (Neural Networks 2001; 14(2):185–199; Appl. Math. Modelling 2003; 27:197–220) are incorporated into the differential quadrature (DQ) approximation of derivatives. For simplicity, this new variant of RBF‐DQ approach is named as iRBF‐DQ method. The proposed approach is validated by its application to solve the one‐dimensional Burger's equation, and simulate natural convection in a concentric annulus by solving Navier–Stokes equations. It was found that as compared to the benchmark data, the iRBF‐DQ approach can provide more accurate results than the original RBF‐DQ method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple atmospheric boundary layer model applied to large eddy simulations of wind turbine wakes

A simple model for including the influence of the atmospheric boundary layer in connection with large eddy simulations of wind turbine wakes is presented and validated by comparing computed results with measurements as well as with direct numerical simulations. The model is based on an immersed boundary type technique where volume forces are used to introduce wind shear and atmospheric turbulence. The application of the model for wake studies is demonstrated by combining it with the actuator line method, and predictions are compared with field measurements. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective permeability of the boundary of a domain

Let u be a solution of the Laplace equation in a boilnded domain Ω in R n whose boundary consists of two disjoint surfaces λ0 and λ1. On λ1 u satisfies a Dirichlet boundary condition, whereas on Λ0 u satisfies the impermeability condition ∂u/∂n = 0 ever3 where except on m, small “holes” λ, separated from one another by distance of older of magnitude e. and u= O on the holes. In this paper wr study the effective periwabilitv of the surface λ0as e→0.
Calculation of Developing Turbulent Flows in a Rotating Pipe

Internal rotating boundary-layer flows are strongly influenced by large circumferential strain and the turbulence field is anisotropic. This is especially true in the entry region of a rotating pipe where the flow is three dimensional, the centrifugal force due to fluid rotation is less important, and the circumferential strain created by surface rotation has a significant effect on the turbulence field near the wall. Consequently, viscous effects cannot be neglected in the near-wall region. Several low-Reynolds-number turbulence closures are proposed for the calculation of developing rotating pipe flows. Some are two-equation closures with and without algebraic stress correction, while others are full Reynolds-stress closures. It is found that two-equation closures with and without algebraic stress correction are totally inadequate for this three-dimensional flow, while Reynolds-stress closures give results that are in good agreement with measurements over a wide range of rotation numbers.
Poleward-Propagating Angular Momentum Perturbations Induced by Zonally Symmetric Heat Sources in the Tropics

Abstract A series of experiments has been performed using an idealized model of the global atmosphere to study the role eddies play in communicating changes in the zonal mean state between the Tropics and extratropics. When an oscillatory heating perturbation centered about the equator is imposed, the author found a poleward-propagating zonal wind anomaly emanating from the Tropics into the midlatitudes when the heat source oscillates with a period of around 25–100 days. At higher frequency, most of the zonal wind perturbation is confined within the Tropics, while at lower frequency, the main signal occurs in the midlatitudes. The angular momentum budget and Eliassen–Palm cross sections have been examined. The results suggest that eddies act to communicate changes in the Tropics into the midlatitudes in at least two ways. First, changes in zonal mean zonal wind in the Tropics lead to a shift in the eddy angular momentum divergence pattern. Second, heating in the Tropics changes the temperature gradients b.
Imaging of stresses in GaAs diode lasers using polarization-resolved photoluminescence

Images of stress distributions in GaAs-based diode lasers have been obtained using scanned polarization-resolved photoluminescence. A stress resolution of about 10/sup 7 /dyn/cm/sup 2 /and a spatial resolution of about 1 mu m have been obtained. The experimental technique is described, and measured stress distributions due to ridge structures, metallization, applied force, and bonding are presented. >
Deep Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Geophysical Investigations: The State of the Art and Future Directions

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a robust and well-consolidated method largely applied in near-surface geophysics. Nevertheless, the mapping of the spatial resistivity patterns of the subsurface at a depth greater than 1 km was performed in just a few cases by the ERT method, called deep ERT (DERT). Since, in many cases, the term DERT was adopted with ambiguity for geoelectrical explorations varying in depth within a range of 0–500 m, the main goal of this review is to clearly define the DERT method, identifying a threshold value in the investigation depth. The study focuses both on the purely methodological aspects (e.g., geoelectrical data processing in low noise-to-signal ratio conditions; tomographic algorithms for data inversion) and on the technological features (e.g., sensor layouts, multi-array systems), envisaging the future directions of the research activity, especially that based on machine learning, for improving the geoelectrical data processing and interpretation. The results of the more significant papers published on this topic in the last 20 years are analyzed and discussed.
Achieving direct band gap in germanium through integration of Sn alloying and external strain

GeSn is predicted to exhibit an indirect to direct band gap transition at alloy Sn composition of 6.5% and biaxial strain effects are investigated in order to further optimize GeSn band structure for optoelectronics and high speed electronic devices. A theoretical model has been developed based on the nonlocal empirical pseudopotential method to determine the electronic band structure of germanium tin (GeSn) alloys. Modifications to the virtual crystal potential accounting for disorder induced potential fluctuations are incorporated to reproduce the large direct band gap bowing observed in GeSn alloys.
Nanomicellar Formulations Loaded with Histamine and Paclitaxel as a New Strategy to Improve Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. Currently, paclitaxel (PTX) represents the first-line therapy for TNBC; however it presents a hydrophobic behavior and produces severe adverse effects. The aim of this work is to improve the therapeutic index of PTX through the design and characterization of novel nanomicellar polymeric formulations composed of a biocompatible copolymer Soluplus® (S), surface-decorated with glucose (GS), and co-loaded either with histamine (HA, 5 mg/mL) and/or PTX (4 mg/mL). Their micellar size, evaluated by dynamic light scattering, showed a hydrodynamic diameter between 70 and 90 nm for loaded nanoformulations with a unimodal size distribution. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays were performed to assess their efficacy in vitro in human MDA-MB-231 and murine 4T1 TNBC cells rendering optimal antitumor efficacy in both cell lines for the nanoformulations with both drugs. In a model of TNBC developed in BALB/c mice with 4T1 cells, we found that all loaded micellar systems reduced tumor volume and that both HA and HA-PTX-loaded SG micelles reduced tumor weight and neovascularization compared with the empty micelles. We conclude that HA-PTX co-loaded micelles in addition to HA-loaded formulations present promising potential as nano-drug delivery systems for cancer chemotherapy.
The Effects of Project Based Learning Model toward Students’ Creative Thinking Skill on Civics Subject

This study aimed to determine the effects of the Project Based Learning model on students' creative thinking skills in Civics subject on Concepts, Values, Morals and Norms topic. This is a quantitative research, using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. Subjects of this research were 74 second year students in class A and B of Elementary School Teacher Education Program, Nusa Cendana University. Results were analyzed and tested for its t value through independent sample t test using IBM SPSS Statistics v.16 for Windows. Data analysis result showed that the value of independent sample t-test was 0.020 <0.05. This indicated that there was no enough evidence to accept Ho. Therefore, it could be concluded that there was a positive and significant effect of project based learning model on creative thinking skills in Civics subject comprising Concepts, Values, Morals and Norm material of PGSD Students at Nusa Cendana University, Kupang.
Comparison Theorems for Second Order Riccati Equations with Applications

The purpose of this paper is to obtain comparison theorems for the second order Riccati equation $r'' + 3rr' + r' + r^3 + p(t) = 0$, where p is nonnegative and continuous on $[a,b)$, $0 < a < b \leqq + \infty $. This yields several new comparison theorems and disconjugacy criteria for the third order linear equation $y''' + p(t)y = 0$.
Families of ellipsoidal stellar systems and the formation of dwarf elliptical galaxies

Core radii and central surface brightnesses of bulges and elliptical galaxies are measured using CCD photometry obtained with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (scale = 0''.22 pixel/sup -1/; seeing = 0''.45--1''.0 FWHM). The correlations between core parameters are derived and compared for ellipticals, bulges, dwarf spheroidal galaxies, dwarf irregular galaxies, and globular clusters. The results are as follows. 1. Ihe data confirm the existence of well-defined correlations between the core parameters of elliptical galaxies. More luminous ellipticals have larger core radii r/sub c/ and lower central surface brightnesses . mu. /sub 0v/. Galaxies with larger core radii have larger central velocity dispersions. The small, bright core of M32 is normal for a galaxy of M/sub B/ = -15.2. Radio ellipticals and brightest cluster galaxies satisfy the correlations. 2. The bulges of disk galaxies are basically similar to elliptical galaxies. Their cores have slightly smaller r/sub c/ and brighter . mu. /sub 0v/ than ellipticals of the same luminosity, because their nonisothermal profiles rise more rapidly toward the center and because they often contain extra nuclei superposed on their cores. 3. There is a large discontinuity between the parameter correlations for bright ellipticals, including M32, and those for dwarf spheroidals. Seven dE's in the Local Group andmore » three in the Virgo Cluster have core parameters which are correlated, but not as in ordinary ellipticals. More luminous dE's have larger r/sub c/ and brighter . mu. /sub 0v/. « less
Homotopy Perturbation Method for Bifurcation of Nonlinear Problems

A simple homotopy is constructed, by the modified Lindstedt-Poincare method(He,J.H. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics , 37, 2002, 309-314 ), the solution and the coefficient of linear term are expanded into series of the embedding parameter. Only one iteration leads to accurate solution.
Content of Trace Elements and Human Health Risk Assessment via Consumption of Commercially Important Fishes from Montenegrin Coast

Muscle tissues of Mullus barbatus and Merluccius merluccius were analyzed for the presence of selected trace elements (As, Hg, Cd, and Pb) to determine the value of the daily intake of trace elements from fish consumption and to assess the risk to human health. The mean concentrations of As in the muscle tissue of M. barbatus and M. merluccius for the entire period were 19.689 mg/kg wet weight (ww) and 8.356 mg/kg ww, Hg 0.497 mg/kg ww and 0.153 mg/kg ww, and Pb 0.031 mg/kg ww and 0.025 mg/kg ww, respectively. The concentrations of Cd in all fish sampled were below the detection limit (<0.02 mg/kg ww). The evaluation of the potential health risk assessments based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) and estimated daily intake (EDI) indicated that the intake of As in both fish species and Hg for M. barbatus could pose an appreciable risk to human health. The calculated hazard index (HI) was higher than 1 for both fish species. The continuous monitoring of trace elements’ concentrations in fish is strongly recommended, as the results demonstrate potential health risks due to the presence of As and Hg.
Early Childhood Caries and Sleep Disorders

Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) comprises a set of breathing disturbances when the individual is asleep due to partial or complete upper airway obstruction. Modifying or risk factors are the anatomy, the size and shape of the airway, muscle tone, central nervous system responses to hypoxia, etc. In children, this is associated with poor school performance and reduced memory and learning abilities. In addition, increased levels of blood and lung pressure and cardiac alterations have been reported in children with sleep disturbances. On the other hand, Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of one or more decayed primary teeth (cavities) of children under the age of 5. This study aimed to establish the possible relationship between sleep disorders and ECC by means of validated surveys and determined whether the results obtained coincide with the available literature. Our results found that up to 24.5% of children with a high risk of caries present regular nasal congestion, while this finding is only present among 6% of children with a low risk of caries (p = 0.041). The dmft index remains significantly linked to this occasional congestion, but the association depends on the patient’s level of risk (p = 0.008); increasing with a high increasing risk of caries. As a conclusion, the risk of early childhood caries could correlate to a specific sleep change such as occasional snoring.
The player makes the coach: Exploring player development among Division I basketball coaches

Head Men's Basketball coaches at the collegiate level are often portrayed as teachers with the ability to dramatically elevate the productivity of their players. However, there is also the perception that perhaps head coaches are only as talented as the players on their team. Thus, a debate has ensued, do Men's Basketball coaches develop the players on their team, or is it in fact the talent of the players themselves that make a coach successful? Over the course of 17 seasons, and through the use of absorbed regression, over 80 coaches, as well as 28,581 player observations at the Division I level, were included in the data set. Results indicated that there were no substantial effects that most coaches significantly alter the productivity of the players. Some evidence was shown that there are some coaches who alter the productivity of the players. Thus, recruiting is essential to a team's success, and coaches should (re)consider how to develop their athletes throughout their tenure.
Advances in Molecular Regulation of Prostate Cancer Cells by Top Natural Products of Malaysia

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains both a global health burden and a scientific challenge. We present a review of the molecular targets driving current drug discovery to fight this disease. Moreover, the preventable nature of most PCa cases represents an opportunity for phytochemicals as chemopreventive when adequately integrated into nutritional interventions. With a renovated interest in natural remedies as a commodity and their essential role in cancer drug discovery, Malaysia is looking towards capitalizing on its mega biodiversity, which includes the oldest rainforest in the world and an estimated 1200 medicinal plants. We here explore whether the list of top Malay plants prioritized by the Malaysian government may fulfill the potential of becoming newer, sustainable sources of prostate cancer chemotherapy. These include Andrographis paniculate, Centella asiatica, Clinacanthus nutans, Eurycoma longifolia, Ficus deltoidea, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Marantodes pumilum (syn. Labisia pumila), Morinda citrifolia, Orthosiphon aristatus, and Phyllanthus niruri. Our review highlights the importance of resistance factors such as Smac/DIABLO in cancer progression, the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in cancer metastasis, and the regulation of PCa cells by some promising terpenes (andrographolide, Asiatic acid, rosmarinic acid), flavonoids (isovitexin, gossypin, sinensetin), and alkylresorcinols (labisiaquinones) among others.
Nanosecond switching in GeTe phase change memory cells

The electrical switching behavior of GeTe-based phase change memory devices is characterized by time resolved experiments. SET pulses with a duration of less than 16 ns are shown to crystallize the material. Depending on the resistance of the RESET state, the minimum SET pulse duration can even be reduced down to 1 ns. This finding is attributed to the increasing impact of crystal growth upon decreasing switchable volume. Using GeTe or materials with similar crystal growth velocities, hence promises nonvolatile phase change memories with dynamic random access memorylike switching speeds.