Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SILYMARIN, PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI EXTRACT AND CHOLINE COMBINATION

The high incidence of liver diseases due to the use of xenobiotics and unhealthy lifestyle is associated with increased need for hepatoprotective product administration. Aim: The hepatoprotective effect of the combination silymarin / Phyllanthus niruri extract / choline was investigated in comparison with silymarin alone in patients with hepatic steatosis, in an open clinical study. Material and methods: 101 patients with non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis confirmed by high values of serum transaminases and ultrasonography were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, group A received 150 mg silymarin three times daily, and group B a hepatoprotective complex (120 mg silymarin / 225 mg Phyllanthus niruri extract / 60 mg choline) three times daily, for 6 months. The hepatoprotective effects were assessed through the evolution of the following laboratory parameters: aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin and serum cholesterol at 3 and 6 months after the initiation of the hepatoprotective treatment. Results: Both products were effective in the normalization of liver function, but the combination silymarin / Phyllanthus niruri extract / choline showed significantly better results than silymarin alone, considering the normalization of the hepatic parameter values after 3 and 6 months. The risk for hepatoprotective failure was significantly lower with the combination silymarin / Phyllanthus niruri extract / choline versus silymarin alone, the number needed to treat (NNT) being 3.7 after 3 months and 2.5 after 6 months. Conclusions: The combination silymarin / Phyllanthus niruri extract / choline induced a better liver protection than silymarin alone.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Children with Allergic Rhinitis

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common pediatric disorder. Vitamin D is known to have effect on helper T-cells, regulatory T-cells, activated B-cells and dendritic cells linking vitamin D to various immune-related conditions and allergies. Vitamin D can significantly affect the outcome of allergic responses in AR. Objective: To study the effect of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of children with AR. Materials and methods: Forty-two children with AR and low 25 hydroxy (OH) D3 levels were included in the study. Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and 25 (OH) D3 levels were measured before and after treatment. They were divided in two groups randomly. Both groups were given standard treatment for AR. One group received oral vitamin D (cholecalciferol: 400-800 IU as per age of the child) for 21 days. The results were compared with the other group being treated similarly but without supplementation of vitamin D. Results: Clinical improvement in terms of reduction in the TNSS was significant in the post-Vitamin D supplemented group (TNSS score pre-treatment and post treatment were 10.6 ± 2.65 and 2.76 ± 1.6 respectively in Vitamin D supplemented group and 11.04 ± 1.93 and 4.66±1.99 in the pre and posttreatment group in those who were not supplemented) (p=0.01). Significant improvement of Vitamin D levels was found post-treatment in Vitamin D supplemented group (23.06 ± 9.73 ng/ml) as compared to pretreatment (18.13 ± 4.55 ng/ml) (p<0.05) while there was no significant difference in group not supplemented with Vitamin D (pre and post treatment 18.01 ± 3.95 ng/ml and 17.99 ± 3.83 ng/ml respectively). Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D in patients with AR leads to significant clinical improvement.
Exploring the issues of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and sexually assaulted individuals

Sexual assault (SA) is a major health problem in the United States. Sustaining a sexual assault can have negative health consequence including the possible transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The only method in preventing HIV transmission in sexually assaulted individuals is with the prompt administration and completing of a 28-day course of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), however there have been noted healthcare disparities and healthcare outcomes regarding HIV PEP and sexually assaulted individuals. The goal of this dissertation is to provide insight in the scope of the problem, factors that may be contributing to non-adherence of PEP among SA individuals and information healthcare professional need. Chapter one is a meta-analysis examining four points of care related to SA individuals and HIV PEP within the United States. This meta-analysis highlights the rates of PEP that is offered to SA individuals, SA individuals accepting PEP, SA individuals who completed at least one follow-up visit and SA individuals who completed an entire 28-day course of PEP. Chapter two is a retrospective chart review exploring ecological factors that may impact SA females who present to one of two hospitals after a SA and accepted PEP. This study examines various factors guided by ecological theory. Study finding include significant relationship between the variables of completing a 28-day course of nPEP and education level, employment, insurance, when tongue-mouth penetration occurred and the presence of vaginal injuries. Chapter three is a document analysis exploring information that healthcare professionals need to enhance care regarding SA individuals and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis. Findings provide recommendations for future research, and strategies that need to be developed in selected areas to improve healthcare delivery. Running Head: HIV PEP AND SEXUALLY ASSAULTED INDIVIDUALS 4
Risk Factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Abstract There were 112,000 ASD sufferers in Indonesia in 2012 and in 2015 it was estimated that there were 1 per 250 children or 134,000 sufferers. The proportion of ASD was 62.8% and in 2016 it was 1.28 out of 1000 children in 2015. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for the incidence of ASD in Pontianak City. The research method was analytic observational with a control case study design. The sample was 70 people (35 cases and 35 controls) taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Chi-Square test (α = 0,05). The results showed that the factors associated with the incidence of ASD were father's age (p = 0.03; OR = 4.00; CI = 1.250-12.804), stress history during pregnancy (p = 0.04; OR = 3.18; CI = 1.13-8.93) and insufficient months of birth (p = 0.036; OR = 4.88; CI = 1.22-19.4), while age of mother during pregnancy, passive smoker, antenatal hemorrhage and pregnancy interval were not associated with the incidence of ASD (p> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is father's age, the presence of a history of stress during pregnancy and insufficient months of birth associated with the incidence of ASD. Keywords: Father’s age, Stress History, Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstrak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) dikenal sebagai triad of impairments yaitu adanya gangguan perkembangan pada aspek komunikasi, adanya perilaku yang diulang-ulang dan gangguan dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Pada tahun 2012 dilaporkan sebanyak 112.000 penderita ASD di Indonesia, tahun 2015 diperkirakan terdapat 1 per 250 anak atau 134.000 penderita. Data dari UPTD Autis Center Kota Pontianak tahun 2015 proporsi ASD sebesar 62,8% dan pada tahun 2016 sebesar 1,28 dari 1000 anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian ASD di Kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain studi kasus kontrol.Sampel penelitian berjumlah 70 orang (35 kasus dan 35 kontrol) yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD adalah usia ayah (p=0,03; OR=4,00; CI=1,250-12,804), riwayat stres saat hamil (p=0,04; OR=3,18; CI=1,13-8,93) dan lahir belum cukup bulan (p=0,036; OR=4,88; CI=1,22-19,4), sedangkan usia ibu saat hamil, perokok pasif, perdarahan antenatal dan jarak kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD (p>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor usia ayah, adanya riwayat stres saat hamil dan kelahiran belum cukup bulan berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD. Keyword : Usia ayah, riwayat stress, Autism Spectrum Disorder
CULTURA DE SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE: AVALIAÇÃO PELOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente das equipes de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar. Método: sob o ponto de vista da enfermagem foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, tipo survey, transversal. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e julho de 2013. Foi utilizado o questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, respondido por 437 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, com taxa de resposta de 100%. Resultados: entre as doze dimensões avaliadas, apenas seis apresentaram taxas de respostas positivas maiores que 50%, sendo frequência de relato de eventos (61,4%), aprendizado organizacional - melhoria contínua (60,5%), respostas não punitivas aos erros (58%), trabalho em equipe dentro da unidade (57,1%), passagem de plantão/turnos e transferências (53,1%) e retorno da informação e comunicação sobre erro (51,8%). Conclusão: para o alcance de cultura de segurança positiva são necessárias ações de melhoria que envolvam a gestão e as chefias no que se refere: percepção geral da segurança; expectativas sobre o supervisor/chefe e ações promotoras da segurança; abertura da comunicação; apoio da gestão hospitalar para a segurança do paciente e trabalho em equipe entre as unidades.
Comparative Study of Histopathological Patterns and Mast Cells in Cutaneous Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Lesions

Background: Besides lichen planus various other skin lesions like erythema multiforme, pityriasis lichenoides, etc., show lichenoid reaction pattern. This study was aimed to compare the histological features and number of mast cells in cutaneous lichen planus and lichenoid lesions. Studies have shown increase in mast cell numbers in mucosal lichen planus and lichenoid lesions. Methods: Tissue sections of lichen planus and lichenoid lesions, (forty samples for each group) were studied. All the epidermal, dermal changes and mast cell numbers were noted. Results: Epidermal and dermal changes like acanthosis, hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, location of inflammatory cells, severity of inflammation and basement membrane thickness were statistically significant between the two groups. Cases with severe inflammation showed thin and disrupted basement membrane, severe capillary proliferation and severe basal cell vacuolation. The number of mast cells was not significant on comparison between the two groups. Conclusion: The epidermal and dermal changes were consistent with usual histopathological findings in these lesions. The mast cell number was not significant on comparison, which may be due to the common and overlapping mechanisms in the pathogenesis of inflammation in both the groups.
Effect of 12 Weeks Aerobic Training with Ginger Consumption on IL-18 and CRP in Obese Men

Introduction: The use of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements is important in improving the function of obese people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training with ginger consumption on the levels of IL-18 and CRP in obese men. Methods: 40 men (mean ± SD: age 23.9 ± 5.90 years old, weight 87.61 ± 4.69 kg and BMI 32.69 ± 3.25 kg / m2) were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 10, including 1aerobic training, 2training with ginger consumption, 3-ginger consumption, 4-control. The first and second groups, had 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 40 minutes each session aerobic training selections with an intensity of 65%MHR; during this period, the second and third groups received one gram of ginger capsule daily and the control group received no intervention. Blood samples were taken before and after the study period. Paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis (p≤0.05). Results: There was a significant difference in IL-18 and CRP before and after exercise in all three experimental groups (p≤0.05). Also, the results of the bonferroni post hoc test showed a significant difference in the level of IL-18 and CRP in the Reaserch groups. The highest decrease in these variables was observed in the aerobic training group and training with ginger consumption group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Ginger supplementation with aerobic training seems to be a suitable method for reducing IL-18 and CRP and preventing metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases in obese men.
Evaluating the Consistency of the FNA Test in Pathologically Proven Nodules of Thyroidectomy

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is a selective diagnostic technique for the evaluation of non-toxic thyroid nodules. Thyroid FNA results are either undiagnosed or suspicious and indeterminate in 20-30% of cases. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the consistency of the FNA test in pathologically proven nodules of thyroidectomy. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on a total of 73 candidates for thyroidectomy who had been admitted to Imam Ali Hospital. A census sampling method has been used in this study. The FNA samples and pathology samples were evaluated and the consistency of the FNA test in pathologically proven nodules were compared. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. The mean age of the patients was 40.1 ± 12.9 years. 23.3% of the participants were male and 76.7% of them were female. The malignancy rate in the pathology was 65.8% (48 cases) and 53.4% (39 cases) in the FNA. Of the 48 positive cases, the FNA pathology diagnosed 35 cases (72.9%) as positive and 13 cases (27.1%) as negative. Of the 25 negative cases, the FNA pathology diagnosed 21 cases (84%) as negative and 4 cases (16%) as positive. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FNA in malignancy diagnosis were 72.92, 84, 89.74, and 61.76%, respectively. The results show that FNA does not have a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of malignancy, but has good specificity and the use of other diagnostic methods before the operation of thyroid nodules seems necessary.
Nutritional Status of Infants and Some Related Risk Factors in Shahroud, Iran

Background: This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of children under two years old in two time periods in 1995 and 2016 in rural areas of Shahroud. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study enrolled 1443 participants selected by cluster sampling in 1995 and 2016. We calculated the mean standard deviation of weight for age, height for age, and weight for height and compared them with international reference values (WHO/NCHS). The obtained values which were two standard deviations below the mean reference values were defined as wasting, underweight, and stunting. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05 using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and regression analysis. Results: In this study, 1443 children under two years old were studied over two time periods in 1995 and 2016. The results showed 14.9%, 29.5%, and 7.3%, in 1995 and 9.2%, 10.1%, and 4% in 2016 suffered from underweight, wasting, and stunting, respectively. Among the factors involved in malnutrition in 1995 were parents’ education, family size, child gender, birth order, type of the first complementary food, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the study, and exclusive breastfeeding. In 2016, we observed significant relationships between the body mass index (BMI), underweight, wasting, exclusive breastfeeding, and all three types of malnutrition. Conclusions: Despite a reduction in the prevalence of different types of malnutrition, it is still a common problem. When designing such programs, special attention must be paid to promote breastfeeding.
Mass loss and nutrient release during the decomposition of sixteen types of plant litter with contrasting quality under three precipitation regimes

Abstract Mass loss and nutrient release during litter decomposition drive biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the relationship between the litter decomposition process and the decomposition stage, precipitation, and litter quality has rarely been addressed, precluding our understanding of how litter decomposition regulates nutrient cycling in various ecosystems and their responses to climate change. In this study, we measured mass loss as well as carbon and nutrient releases during the decomposition of 16 types of leaf litter under three precipitation treatments over 12 months in a common garden experiment (i.e., using standardized soil and climatic conditions). Sixteen types of leaves were divided into three functional groups (evergreen, deciduous, and herbaceous). The objectives were to understand the effects of decomposition stages and precipitation regimes on litter decomposition and to examine the relationship between this effect and chemical properties. The mass loss and release of nitrogen and potassium were significantly higher in the 6‐ to 12‐month stage of decomposition (high temperature and humidity) than in the 0‐ to 6‐month stage. Phosphorus was relatively enriched in evergreen leaves after 6 months of decomposition. The rates of mass loss and nutrient release were significantly greater in herbaceous than in deciduous and evergreen leaves. Increasing precipitation from 400 to 800 mm accelerated mass loss and potassium release but decreased phosphorus release in the 0‐ to 6‐month stage of decomposition. These results highlighted the contribution to and complexity of litter chemical properties in litter decomposition.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Neonates with low immunity, always need prolonged hospitalization which is a risk factor of post-infectious complications. (Adams-Chapman and Stoll, 2002) It is estimated that about 5 million neonatal deaths occur in a year out of which 98% occur in developing countries. (WHO, 1996) Medical advancements of the last twenty years have increased the survival rate of neonates. Most common causative bacteria in developed countries includes Coagulase-negative staphylococcus and group B Streptococcus while in developing countries are E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter etc. (Waheed et al., 2003) Klebsiella and Enterobacter species are often associated with the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among the multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria. (Karunasekera and Pathirana, 1999) The control of these hospital acquired infections has been a challenging task. (Goldmann et al., 1983) Spectrum of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 11 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Serum Magnesium Level among the Patients Admitted with Acute Stroke in a Tertiary care Hospital

Magnesium deficiency was shown to trigger vasoconstriction and enhance vascular endothelial injury, thus promoting the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We hereby intended to investigate serum magnesium in the early stage of acute stroke and to evaluate the relationship between serum magnesium concentration and the development of neurological deficits. This is a descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out in department of medicine, Comilla Medical College Hospital from June 2013 to December 2013. Fifty admitted acute stroke patients were randomly chosen for this study who fulfills inclusion criteria. The serum magnesium concentrations were measured by photometric colorimetric end point method on admission. Out of 50 acute stroke patients 30 (60%) were male and 20 (40%) were female. The mean age is 66.44 (SD ±14.8) years with male predominance. Most of the patients 30 (60%) belongs to above 60 years and 36 (72%) patients had hypomagnesaemia and 14 (28%) had normal serum magnesium level. Serum magnesium level more low in ischemic stroke (56%) . The mean serum magnesium level was 1.59 (SD ±0.37) mg/dl in all stroke patient and 1.47 (SD ±0.32) mg/dl in ischemic stroke patient was and was 1.83 (SD ±0.34) mg/dl in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Among 33 ischemic stroke patients mostly 17 (34%) patients had serum magnesium level between 1.0-1.4 mg/dl and in hemorrhagic stroke patients maximum 05 (10%) serum magnessium level was in between 1.5-1.8 mg/dl (P-value 0.0017 HS). In our study most of the patients with acute stroke were improved with marked residual disability were [19 (38.0%)], improved with minimal residual disability were [08 (16%)], improved without residual disability [04 (08%)] and death [03 (6%)] having hypomagnesaemia compared to the patients who have normal serum magnesium level with maximum improvement with minimal residual disability were [10 (20.0%)], improved without residual disability were [06 (12%)], improved with marked residual disability and death were [0 (0%)]. Gross clinical outcome disability of acute stroke patients was worse who had hypomagnesaemia (P-value 0.001 significant). Magnesium levels are significantly decreased in acute stroke; both in ischemic stroke patients as well as in patients of hemorrhagic. Patients with low serum magnesium level in acute stroke associated with worse clinical outcome.TAJ 2014; 27(1): 50-56
Male Obesity and Reproductive Health

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, and all this evidence suggests that the situation is likely to get worse ahead. A combination of an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and unfavorable diet in the western world has resulted in increasing numbers of overweight and obese children and adults. According to the WHO, approximately 1.6 billion adults were classed as being overweight and 400 million adults were obese in 2005. Also gaining attention is the reported decline in semen quality and male reproductive potential over the past 50 years. Surprisingly, such decreases have not been reported in regions where obesity is less prevalent. Since this decline in fertility has occurred in parallel with increasing rates of obesity, the possibility that obesity is a cause of male infertility and reduced fecundity should be addressed. Effects of obesity on female fertility have been studied extensively. Weight loss in anovulatory women restores fertility and increases the likelihood of ovulation and conception. In contrast to the extensive knowledge of the effects of obesity on female fertility, male factor infertility as a result of obesity has been overlooked, even after the discovery of a threefold increase in the incidence of obesity in patients with male factor infertility, demanding the concern over m ale obesity with respect to infertility.