Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: comorbidity medications used in rheumatology practice

Thrombosis & Haemophilia Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Rheumatology, Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Sonderborg, Denmark Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King’s College London, London, UK Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Department of Rheumatology, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Shropshire, UK Clinical Affairs, British Society for Rheumatology, London, UK Patient Representative, London, UK Rheumatology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK The UK Teratology Information Service, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Division of Women’s Health, Lupus Research Unit, King’s College London, London, UK Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease Unit, Our Lady’s Hospice and Care Service, Dublin, Ireland Rheumatology, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Warwickshire, UK Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK Pharmacology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Lupus UK Centre of Excellence, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK Women’s Health, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey, UK Shropshire Community NHS Trust, Shropshire, UK Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK Obstetrics, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Rheumatology, Doncaster and Bassetlaw, Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Centre for Rheumatology, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
Am I safe? An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Vulnerability as Experienced by Patients With Complications Following Surgery

Abdominal surgery carries with it risks of complications. Little is known about patients’ experiences of post-surgical deterioration. There is a real need to understand the psychosocial as well as the biological aspects of deterioration in order to improve care and outcomes for patients. Drawing on in-depth interviews with seven abdominal surgery survivors, we present an idiographic account of participants’ experiences, situating their contribution to safety within their personal lived experiences and meaning-making of these episodes of deterioration. Our analysis reveals an overarching group experiential theme of vulnerability in relation to participants’ experiences of complications after abdominal surgery. This encapsulates the uncertainty of the situation all the participants found themselves in, and the nature and seriousness of their health conditions. The extent of participants’ vulnerability is revealed by detailing how they made sense of their experience, how they negotiated feelings of (un)safety drawing on their relationships with family and staff and the legacy of feelings they were left with when their expectations of care (care as imagined) did not meet the reality of their experiences (care as received). The participants’ experiences highlight the power imbalance between patients and professionals in terms of whose knowledge counts within the hospital context. The study reveals the potential for epistemic injustice to arise when patients’ concerns are ignored or dismissed. Our data has implications for designing strategies to enable escalation of care, both in terms of supporting staff to deliver compassionate care, and in strengthening patient and family involvement in rescue processes.
Student Pharmacists’ Attitude Changes Toward Interprofessional Education Following an Introductory Interprofessional Course

Objective. Interprofessional education (IPE) has the potential to enhance collaboration among health care professionals in providing best patient care. Several IPE studies reported findings about multiple disciplines, but there is scant information focusing on IPE in student pharmacists. The objectives of this study were to, first, measure changes in student pharmacists’ attitudes toward introductory interprofessional education using the survey Students Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education Revised 2 (SPICE-R2) and, second, obtain a comprehensive understanding of attitude changes by integrating quantitative and qualitative results. Methods. A convergent mixed-methods design was used and involved quantitative data about the attitudes measured by the SPICE-R2 survey and qualitative open-ended questions about students’ opinions. Participants completed the survey three times, namely before and after completing an online course and after participating in an in-person event. Results. Of 89 student pharmacists that participated in this study, 55 and 27 students provided complete responses for the online course and the event, respectively. Paired t tests showed significant improvements in students’ attitudes after completing the online course for the three SPICE-R2 subdomains, and the qualitative data was confirmatory. After participating in the event, students’ attitudes were not significantly changed. The meta-inferences were expansive in four areas, including team building, professional communication, learning from the group case study, and health care challenges. Conclusion. The online course was an effective learning activity for improving student pharmacists’ attitudes toward IPE. The event was a viable learning activity to maintain or increase the students’ attitudes toward interprofessional roles and teamwork. The mixed-methods findings provided “value added” with a more comprehensive understanding of attitude change.
Posttraumatic growth related to the COVID‐19 pandemic among individuals with lived experience of psychiatric disorder

Abstract Although the COVID‐19 pandemic has been shown to be detrimental to mental health, it may hold a parallel potential for positive change. Little is known about posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a potential outcome for individuals with lived experience of psychiatric disorders following trauma exposure, especially in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants were 1,424 adults with lived experience of a psychiatric disorder who took part in a longitudinal study of mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic conducted by the National Centre for Mental Health. PTG was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory–Short Form (PTGI‐SF). Factors hypothesized to be associated with PTG were investigated using linear regression. The mean participant PTGI score was 12.64 (SD = 11.01). On average, participants reported the highest scores on items related to appreciation of life and lowest on those related to spiritual change subscale. We found the strongest evidence of associations between higher levels of PTG and higher scores on assessment items related to perceived social support, B = 2.86; perceptions of the pandemic as traumatic, B = 4.89; and higher psychological well‐being, B = 0.40. Taken together, we did not observe evidence of widespread PTG related to the COVID‐19 pandemic among individuals with lived experiences of psychiatric disorders.
The Relaxed Stochastic Maximum Principle in the Mean-field Singular Controls

In this paper, we study the optimal control system driven by stochastic differential equations (SDEs) of mean-field type, in which the control variable has two components, the first being absolutely continuous and the second singular. On the other hand, the coefficients depend on the state of the solution process as well as of its expected value. Moreover, the cost functional is also of mean field type. This makes the control problem time inconsistent in the sense that the Bellman optimality principle does not hold. Our aim is to derive a stochastic maximum principle of optimal control of Pontriagin type to the class of measure-valued controls.
Excretory-Secretory Products of Trichomonas vaginalis Cause Apoptosis in Mouse Sperm in Vitro

Excretory-secretory products (ESP) of T. vaginalis have been shown to inhibit sperm motility, viability, and functional integrity, leading to a decreased fertilization rate in vitro. This study investigated whether T. vaginalis induce apoptosis and ultrastructural changes of sperm using flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Incubation of sperm with T. vaginalis ESP increased phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Transmission electron microscopy of sperm incubated with ESP revealed abnormal features such as distorted heads, broken necks, and acrosomes exocytosis. This is the first report that demonstrates a direct impact of T. vaginalis ESP on sperm apoptosis and architecture in vitro.
TOXOPLASMA GONDII PREVALENCE, PARTIAL GENOTYPES, AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN NORTH AMERICAN RIVER OTTERS (LONTRA CANADENSIS) IN THE UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN, USA

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan that poses a health threat to wildlife and human health worldwide. Oocysts shed into the environment in felid host feces may persist for several years. Runoff from rainfall and snowmelt may carry the oocysts into waterways. Semiaquatic mammals such as the Northern American river otter (Lontra canadensis) are particularly at risk of exposure, as they may encounter infective stages in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Despite this risk, only a small number of studies have examined the prevalence of T. gondii in US river otter populations. Tongue tissue was sampled from 124 otters from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan submitted by trappers to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources in the 2018–19 harvest season. Following DNA extraction, a portion of the B1 T. gondii gene was amplified with PCR. A subset of positive samples was genotyped for comparison with known T. gondii sequences. Of the 124 tongue samples, 35 (28%) were positive for T. gondii. Prevalence did not differ significantly between sexes or age classes across the entire study area. Most (53.8%) of the genotyped samples were type 4 (type 12), a genotype commonly found in North American wildlife. Genotypes 127 and 197 were also found. Three clusters of T. gondii prevalence were identified through SaTScan analysis, although they were not significant. When modeling prevalence of T. gondii with covariates at individual otter locations, the top three models included the presence of Sarcocystis, area of exotic plants, area of agriculture, and sex of the otter. Our results suggest that T. gondii is widespread in otter populations in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
Spin on same-sign 
W
-boson pair production

We demonstrate that the LHC will be sensitive to quantum correlations between two quarks inside the proton. Same-sign W-boson pair production is the most promising channel for clear measurements of double parton scattering. The left-handed nature of the coupling between quarks and W-bosons makes it a prime probe to measure parton spin correlations. We perform a detailed analysis of double parton scattering, including relevant backgrounds. The analysis reveals that measurements comparing the rate at which two muons from W boson decays are produced in the same compared to opposite hemispheres are especially sensitive to spin correlations between two quarks inside the proton. We provide estimates of the significance of the measurements as a function of the integrated luminosity.
Electron transport in disordered graphene

We study the electron transport properties of a monoatomic graphite layer (graphene) with different types of disorder. We show that the transport properties of the system depend strongly on the character of disorder. Away from half filling, the concentration dependence of conductivity is linear in the case of strong scatterers, in line with recent experimental observations, and logarithmic for weak scatterers. At half filling the conductivity is of the order of ${e}^{2}∕h$ if the randomness preserves one of the chiral symmetries of the clean Hamiltonian, whereas for generic disorder the conductivity is strongly affected by localization effects.
Physical Modeling of Protein Folding

Sequence-based models for protein folding are developed and tested on peptides with both alpha- and beta-structure, and on small three-helix-bundle proteins. The interaction potentials of the models are minimalistic and based mainly on hydrogen bonding and effective hydrophobicity forces. By contrast, the geometric representation of the protein chain is detailed. We explore the thermodynamic behaviors of these models by using efficient Monte Carlo methods, and focus on obtaining a realistic physical description of the folding process. In particular, we investigate dynamical aspects of folding, such as `two-state' behavior and secondary structure formation. In addition, the thesis includes a study on similarity measures for protein structures.
Self-interaction correction in the LDA+U method

We present one inherent shortcoming of the LDA+U method in respect of its self-interaction correction of the LDA. By reexamining the mean-field approximation on the Hubbard energy in the Hartree-Fock form, we have derived a new expression for the ``double-counting'' energy which led to a more reasonable self-interaction correction in an alternative LDA+U scheme. For the bulk Gd metal, the new scheme resulted in electronic properties more consistent with experiments in comparison to the LDA and the existing LDA+U schemes.
Nernst effect and anomalous transport in cuprates: A preformed-pair alternative to the vortex scenario

We address those puzzling experiments in underdoped high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors which have been associated with normal-state ``vortices'' and show these data can be understood as deriving from preformed pairs with onset temperature ${T}^{*}g{T}_{c}. $ For uncorrelated bosons in small magnetic fields and arbitrary ${T}^{*}{/T}_{c},$ we present the exact contribution to all transport coefficients. In the overdoped regime our results reduce to those of standard fluctuation theories ${(T}^{*}\ensuremath{\approx}{T}_{c}). $ Semiquantitative agreement with Nernst, ac and dc conductivity, and diamagnetic measurements is quite reasonable.
Verminotic pneumonia in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in Southern Brazil

Abstract Abstract Verminotic pneumonia caused by Parafilaroides spp. nematodes is an underreported disease in beached South American fur seals, with scant literature available on the characteristics of parafilaroidiasis, the nematode itself, as well as its occurrence in pinnipeds in Brazil. The present work aims to identify, describe and detail the histological features of the infection and molecular characteristics of verminotic pneumonia in the South American fur seal. Twenty-six specimens of Arctocephalus australis, found dead on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul in 2021, were analysed. These animals were identified and submitted to necropsy and histology. For the molecular identification of metastrongylids, lung fragments were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction targeting the Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) gene and subsequent sequencing. In total, 12 animals presented with parasites in the lung parenchyma on histological evaluation, and only 1 showed a granulomatous lung lesion at necropsy. Microscopically, the nematodes were found mainly in the alveoli, associated with little or no inflammatory response, and they had morphological characteristics compatible with metastrongylids. Six ITS-2 gene quality sequences were obtained; after comparative analysis via BLAST, they showed similarity with sequences obtained from Parafilaroides sp. Therefore, verminotic pneumonia caused by Parafilaroides represents an important differential diagnosis of lung disease in South American fur seals found on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul.
RNASeq profiling of COVID19‐infected patients identified an EIF2AK2 inhibitor as a potent SARS‐CoV‐2 antiviral

In this study, we found gene expression changes in key genes involved in activating immune pathways and genes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 to interfere with normal host cell functioning. Notably, critical changes have been observed in Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Alpha Kinase 2 (EIF2AK2), which plays an important role in activating the interferon response and interfering with host cell translational machinery in SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1,2,3 pre-senting a prospective therapeutic target. We demonstrated the therapeutic antiviral effect of the EIF2AK2 with its inhibitor compound C16, which showed strong antiviral potency in multiple antiviral assays. We genomics Our gene analysis several target genes and pathways well described in Our interaction analysis
Strongly coupled plasma with electric and magnetic charges

A number of theoretical and lattice results lead us to believe that quark-gluon plasma not too far from T{sub c} contains not only electrically charged quasiparticles - quarks and gluons - but magnetically charged ones--monopoles and dyons--as well. Although binary systems such as charge-monopole and charge-dyon were considered in detail before in both classical and quantum settings, this is the first study of coexisting electric and magnetic particles in a many-body context. We perform a molecular dynamics study of strongly coupled plasmas with {approx}1000 particles and differing fractions of magnetic charge. Correlation functions and Kubo formulas lead to transport properties such as the diffusion constant, the shear viscosity, and electric conductivity: We compare the first two with empirical data from RHIC experiments as well as with results from anti-de-Sitter space/conformal field theory correspondence. We also study a number of collective excitations in these systems.
Effectiveness of Aedes-borne infectious disease control in Latin America and the Caribbean region: A scoping review

Background Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are primary vectors of emerging or re-emerging arboviruses that threaten public health worldwide. Many efforts have been made to develop interventions to control these Aedes species populations. Still, countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region struggle to create/design/develop sustainable and effective control strategies. This scoping review synthesises evidence concerning the effectiveness of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus prevention and control interventions performed in LAC (2000–2021). The findings can be used to evaluate, compare and develop more effective control strategies. Methodology The review is based on the methodology by Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting a scoping review. The MEDLINE (via PubMed and Web of Science), Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE and ScienceDirect databases were used to search for articles. Grey literature was searched from governmental and non-governmental organisation websites. Four reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and full-text of the articles using the Rayyan web application, based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Results A total of 122 publications were included in the review. Most studies focused on dengue virus infection and data on Ae. aegypti. Entomological data were mainly used to determine the intervention’s effectiveness. An integrated control intervention was the most commonly employed strategy in both regions. Biological control measures, environmental management, and health education campaigns on community participation achieved more sustainable results than an intervention where only a chemical control measure was used. Challenges to implementing interventions were insufficient financial support, resources, workforce, intersectoral collaboration and legislation. Conclusions Based on the synthesised data, an integrated vector (Aedes) management focused on community participation seems to be the most effective approach to mitigate Aedes-borne infectious diseases. Maintaining the approach’s effect remains challenging as it requires multisectoral and multi-disciplinary team engagement and active community participation. Future research needs to address the barriers to program implementation and maintenance as data on this topic is lacking.
Large-Scale Structure Tests of Cosmological Models

We investigate the use of $N$-body simulations and large-scale galaxy clustering in order to test two cosmological models: an Einstein-de Sitter model where neutrinos act as the dominant Hot Dark Matter (HDM) component; and the standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model. We investigate the matter power spectra and halo mass functions of the neutrino model, and of an extended model that includes Primordial Magnetic Fields (PMFs), which have the effect of introducing `seeds' into the matter distribution. We find that neither model performs as well as $\Lambda$CDM in generating structure, but note that the use of PMFs completely reverses the process of structure formation in the HDM model, allowing it to progress in a bottom-up manner. We calculate the redshift-space two-point galaxy-galaxy correlation function, $\xi(s)$, of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Seventh Data Release (DR7) MAIN galaxy catalogue, and fit this to both the $\Lambda$CDM model and the neutrino model. assuming a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, we obtain a best-fit value for the spherically averaged distance to redshift $z~=~015$, given as $D_V(0.15)~= \left(627~\pm~61\mathrm{Mpc}\right)\left(\frac{r_{s}}{r_{s,fid}}\right)$. This is in agreement with recent work, and is our best-fit model to the SDSS DR7 MAIN data. We find that the correlation function from the MAIN galaxies cannot reject an $\Omega_m~=~1$ model in a cosmological ruler test, and the and the BAO peak is not pronounced enough to significantly reject a neutrino HDM model. However, the neutrino model is rejected by the non-linear form of the matter power spectrum, even though the magnetic version of the model may form galaxies by the present day.
Lattice properties of subspace families in an inner product space

Let S be a separable inner product space over the field of real numbers. Let E(S) (resp., C(S)) denote the orthomodular poset of all splitting subspaces (resp., complete-cocomplete subspaces) of S. We ask whether E(S) (resp., C(S)) can be a lattice without S being complete (i.e. without S being Hilbert). This question is relevant to the recent study of the algebraic properties of splitting subspaces and to the search for "nonstandard" orthomodular spaces as motivated by quantum theories. We first exhibit such a space S that E(S) is not a lattice and C(S) is a (modular) lattice. We then go on showing that the orthomodular poset E(S) may not be a lattice even if E(S) = C(S). Finally, we construct a noncomplete space S such that E(S) = C(S) with E(S) being a (modular) lattice. (Thus, the lattice properties of E(S) (resp. C(S)) do not seem to have an explicit relation to the completeness of S though the Ammemia-Araki theorem may suggest the opposite. ) As a by-product of our construction we find that there is a noncomplete S such that all states on E(S) are restrictions of the states on E(S) for S being the completion of S (this provides a solution to a recently formulated problem).