Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HDAC3-Regulated PGE2 Production by Microglia Induces Phobic Anxiety Susceptibility After Stroke and Pointedly Exploiting a Signal-Targeted Gamma Visual Stimulation New Therapy

Background Phobic anxiety present after stroke (called poststroke anxiety, PSA) can hamper the rehabilitation of patients and disrupt their usual activities. Besides, the symptoms and mechanisms of PSA are different from those in nonstroke populations that have generalized anxiety disorder. What’s more, the treatment approaches for phobic anxiety are confined to unitary or general methods with poor efficiency. Methods Behavioural test screen combined bioinformatics analysis explored molecular changes between generalized anxiety disorder in nonstroke mice (restraint stress, RS) and photothrombotic stroke mice exposed to environmental stress (PTS + RS, mimicking PSA). Multiple molecular biological and neurobiological methods were employed to explain mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. And exploiting gamma flicker stimulation device for therapy. Results Microglial (MG) overactivation is a prominent characteristic of PTS + RS. HDAC3 was mainly upregulated in activated-microglia from damaged cortex and that local prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production increased in MG via HDAC3-mediated activation of NF-κB signalling by p65 deacetylation. A high content of PGE2 in damaged ischaemic cortex could diffuse freely to amygdala, eliciting anxiety susceptibility of PSA via EP2. Importantly, gamma flicker stimulation relieved anxious behaviour of PTS + RS by modulating the HDAC3/Cox1/EP2 network at some extent. Conclusions HDAC3-regulated PGE2 production by microglia constitutes phobic anxiety susceptibility after stroke and a protective approach of gamma visual stimulation can be a candidate new therapy.
The Effects of Verbal Encouragement and Compliments on Physical Performance and Psychophysiological Responses During the Repeated Change of Direction Sprint Test

The general and sports psychology research is limited regarding the difference between the effects of verbal encouragement (VE) or compliment methods during high-intensity functional exercise testing. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of VE and compliments on the performance of the repeated change-of-direction (RCOD) sprint test. A total of 36 male students in secondary school participated voluntarily in the study. They were divided equally into three homogeneous groups [VE group, compliment group (CG), and control group) and performed a standardized one repetition RCOD. The RCOD (6 × 20 m with 25-s active recovery) test consisted of a 100°change in the direction at every 4 m. Outcomes included performance indices (fast time, average time, and total time), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and feeling scale scores. VE and the compliment increased the performance indices and RPE compared with the control group. In conclusion, VE during the exercise testing would be more beneficial for optimal performance and RPE compared with the compliment and control groups. However, the moods, during RCOD, reproduce more positively during compliment conditions than the VE and control groups.
Understanding gender bias toward physicians using online doctor reviews

Abstract Gender bias continues to be an ongoing issue in the field of medicine. While bias may come in many forms, patients’ biases and perceptions have been understudied and may impact adherence to treatment, leading to unequal outcomes. Online reviews for doctors are a naturalistic way to study gender bias. In this study, we leveraged the LIWC psychological linguistic analysis tool to analyze the language styles of ZocDoc and RateMDs reviews and understand the potential role of gender in patients’ perceptions of their doctors. Mean differences were calculated using bootstrapped hierarchical linear modeling. We found that reviews for female physicians are generally more informal and emotional than those for male physicians. While our study was exploratory, the results suggest that both patients and physicians need to increase their awareness of how their biases may be affecting how they give and receive vital health information.
Stakeholder Identification Overview and Challenges in Requirements Engineering Prospective

Stakeholder identification (SI) illustrates a critical part of the requirements elicitation activity. It helps software analysts gather accurate system requirements to ensure high quality and avoid system failure. Stakeholder identification considered one of the earliest stages of project development. The main problem related to project success and failure is identifying the real stakeholders and selecting the right one. The lack of stakeholder identification methodologies and the shortage of previous research in identifying the stakeholders for different systems, encourage the research to propose a guideline framework, assist analysts in building the convenient methodology for identifying real stakeholders. Stakeholders are defined based on different projects and the various services they provide. This difference leads to the fact that a particular and systematic technique must be used to identify stakeholders based on the project's types. The exploration of stakeholder identification matters and the guideline framework is a baseline for future research in requirements engineering.
Curating Datasets from GPS, Communication Technology and Social Media: Using Artificial Intelligence to Predict, Analyse and Manage Traffic System

To control and manage the current traffic congestion, crashes and pollutions are the preliminary needs of our daily lives. The resilience of traffic accidents, congestion, and prediction is one of the most important problems of the traffic management system and traffic engineering. After the traffic prediction based on real-time collected datasets, it is easy to manage and control the traffic. The classical techniques that are used are road sensors and video cameras fixed at specific locations and recording the flow of traffic for different times of the day. The latest techniques used for collecting the traffic data are the Global Positioning System (GPS), communication technologies, and social media such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. The main objective of this paper is to give a brief overview of the emerging technologies such as GPS, communication technologies, and social media data and curating datasets from it. Similarly, discuss the application of machine and deep learning in traffic control and management. Deep-rooted research is needed to choose the most suitable machine and deep learning algorithm and technique that can be applied to efficiently manage and control the current conventional traffic system.
Revisiting Local Descriptor for Improved Few-Shot Classification

Few-shot classification studies the problem of quickly adapting a deep learner to understanding novel classes based on few support images. In this context, recent research efforts have been aimed at designing more and more complex classifiers that measure similarities between query and support images but left the importance of feature embeddings seldom explored. We show that the reliance on sophisticated classifiers is not necessary, and a simple classifier applied directly to improved feature embeddings can instead outperform most of the leading methods in the literature. To this end, we present a new method, named DCAP, for few-shot classification, in which we investigate how one can improve the quality of embeddings by leveraging Dense Classification and Attentive Pooling (DCAP). Specifically, we propose to train a learner on base classes with abundant samples to solve dense classification problem first and then meta-train the learner on plenty of randomly sampled few-shot tasks to adapt it to few-shot scenario or the test time scenario. During meta-training, we suggest to pool feature maps by applying attentive pooling instead of the widely used global average pooling to prepare embeddings for few-shot classification. Attentive pooling learns to reweight local descriptors, explaining what the learner is looking for as evidence for decision making. Experiments on two benchmark datasets show the proposed method to be superior in multiple few-shot settings while being simpler and more explainable. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/Ukeyboard/dcap/.
Breaking the Design and Security Trade-off of Look-up-table–based Obfuscation

Logic locking and Integrated Circuit (IC) camouflaging are the most prevalent protection schemes that can thwart most hardware security threats. However, the state-of-the-art attacks, including Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) and approximation-based attacks, question the efficacy of the existing defense schemes. Recent obfuscation schemes have employed reconfigurable logic to secure designs against various hardware security threats. However, they have focused on specific design elements such as SAT hardness. Despite meeting the focused criterion such as security, obfuscation incurs additional overheads, which are not evaluated in the present works. This work provides an extensive analysis of Look-up-table (LUT)–based obfuscation by exploring several factors such as LUT technology, size, number of LUTs, and replacement strategy as they have a substantial influence on Power-Performance-Area (PPA) and Security (PPA/S) of the design. We show that using large LUT makes LUT-based obfuscation resilient to hardware security threats. However, it also results in enormous design overheads beyond practical limits. To make the reconfigurable logic obfuscation efficient in terms of design overheads, this work proposes a novel LUT architecture where the security provided by the proposed primitive is superior to that of the traditional LUT-based obfuscation. Moreover, we leverage the security-driven design flow, which uses off-the-shelf industrial EDA tools to mitigate the design overheads further while being non-disruptive to the current industrial physical design flow. We empirically evaluate the security of the LUTs against state-of-the-art obfuscation techniques in terms of design overheads and SAT-attack resiliency. Our findings show that the proposed primitive significantly reduces both area and power by a factor of 8 \( \times \) and 2 \( \times \) , respectively, without compromising security.
Novel ERR pan-agonists ameliorate heart failure through boosting cardiac fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function

Cardiac metabolic dysfunction is a hallmark of heart failure. Estrogen related receptors ERRα and ERRγ are essential regulators for cardiac metabolism. Therefore, activation of ERR could be a potential therapeutic intervention for heart failure. However, no natural or synthetic ERR agonist is available to demonstrate their pharmacological effect in vivo. Using a structure-based design approach, we designed and synthesized two structurally distinct pan-ERR agonists, SLU-PP-332 (332) and SLU-PP-915 (915), which significantly improved ejection fraction and ameliorated fibrosis against pressure overload-induced heart failure without affecting cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, a broad-spectrum of metabolic genes were transcriptionally activated by ERR agonists, particularly genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function, which were mainly mediated by ERRγ. Metabolomics analysis showed significant normalization of metabolic profiles in fatty acid/lipid and TCA/OXPHOS metabolites by 915 in the mouse heart with 6-week pressure overload. Autophagy was also induced by ERR agonists in cardiomycoyte. On the other hand, ERR agonism led to downregulation of cell cycle and development pathways, which was partially mediated by E2F1 in cardiomyocyte. In summary, ERR agonists maintain oxidative metabolism, which confers cardiac protection against pressure overload-induced heart failure in vivo. Our results provided direct pharmacological evidence supporting the further development of ERR agonists as novel heart failure therapeutics in vivo.
A simple self-decoding model for neural coding

Neural coding is an important tool to discover the inner workings of mind. In this work, we propose and consider a simple but novel self-decoding model for neural coding based on the principle that the neuron body represents ongoing stimulus while dendrites are used to store that stimulus as a memory. In particular, suppose t spiking presynaptic neurons transmit any stimulus directly to a population of n postsynaptic neurons, a postsynaptic neuron spikes if it does not connect to an inhibitory presynaptic neuron, and every stimulus is represented by up to d spiking postsynaptic neurons. Our hypothesis is that the brain is organized to functionally satisfy the following six criteria: (i) decoding objective, i.e., there are up to r−1 ≥ 0 additional spiking postsynaptic neurons in response to a stimulus along with the spiking postsynaptic neurons representing the stimulus, (ii) smoothness, i.e., similar stimuli are encoded similarly by the presynaptic neurons, (iii) optimal information transmission, i.e., t is minimized, (iv) optimal energetic cost, i.e., only the t presynaptic neurons and the postsynaptic neurons representing a stimulus spike, (v) low-dimensional representation, i.e., d = o(n), and (vi) sparse coding, i.e., t = o(n). Our finding is that some criteria cause or correlate with others. Let the characteristic set of a postsynaptic neuron be the set of the presynaptic neurons it connects with. We prove that (i) holds if and only if the union of the r characteristic sets of any r postsynaptic neurons is not included in the union of the d characteristic sets of d other postsynaptic neurons. Consequently, (ii) is attained. More importantly, we suggest that the decoding objective (i) and optimal information transmission (iii) play a fundamental role in neural computation, while (v) and (vi) correlate to each other and correlate with (iii) and (iv). We examine our hypothesis by statistically testing functional connectivity network and the presynaptic-postsynaptic connectivity in layer 2 of the medial entorhinal cortex of a rat.
Optimal resistance management for mixtures of high-risk fungicides: robustness to the initial frequency of resistance and pathogen sexual reproduction

There is a strong consensus that selection for fungicide resistant pathogen strains can be most effectively limited by using applications of mixtures of fungicides designed to balance disease control against selection. However, how to do this in practice is not entirely characterised. Previous work indicates optimal mixtures of pairs of fungicides which are both at a high risk of resistance can be constructed using pairs of doses which select equally for both single resistant strains in the first year of application. What has not been addressed thus far is the important real-world case in which the initial levels of resistance to each fungicide differ, for example because the chemicals have been available for different lengths of time. We show how recommendations based on equal selection in the first year can be sub-optimal in this case. We introduce a simple alternative approach, based on equalising the frequencies of single resistant strains in the year that achieving acceptable levels of control is predicted to become impossible. We show that this strategy is robust to changes in parameters controlling pathogen epidemiology and fungicide efficacy. We develop our recommendation using a pre-existing, parameterised model of Zymoseptoria tritici (the pathogen causing Septoria leaf blotch on wheat), which exemplifies the range of plant pathogens which predominantly spread clonally, but for which sexual reproduction forms an important component of the life cycle. We show that pathogen sexual reproduction can influence the rate at which fungicide resistance develops, but does not qualitatively affect our optimal resistance management recommendation.
Lin28b specifies an innate-like lineage of CD8+ T cells in early life

The immune system is stratified into layers of specialized cells with distinct functions. Recently, Lin28b was shown to serve as a master regulator of fetal lymphopoiesis, programming the development of more innate-like lymphocytes in early life. However, it remains unclear whether Lin28b specifies innate functions in more conventional adaptive lymphocytes. In this report, we discovered that Lin28b promotes the development of a more innate-like lineage of CD8+ T cells that is capable of protecting the host against a wide variety of pathogens in the absence of TCR stimulation. Using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, we found that Lin28b transcriptionally and epigenetically programs CD8+ T cells to be highly responsive to innate cytokines. We also performed scRNAseq and found that the shift from innate-like CD8+ T cells in early life to adaptive CD8+ T cells in adulthood is mediated by changes in the abundance of distinct subsets of cells. Remarkably, the innate CD8+ T cell subset predominates in early life but is also present in adult mice and humans. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that neonatal CD8+ T cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that provide the host with innate defense in early life. One sentence Summary High-dimensional analysis reveals how Lin28b programs neonatal CD8+ T cells for innate defense.
A small molecule probe elucidates the role of mitochondrial translocase TIMM44 in PINK1/Parkin regulated mitophagy

Neurodegenerative diseases have been linked to a dysfunctional mitochondrial quality control system that is partially maintained by proteins PINK1 and Parkin. Whereas mitophagy pathways are becoming well-characterized, less is known about the molecular mechanisms of PINK1 trafficking in mitochondria. Accordingly, we have used a small molecule probe (MitoBloCK-10/MB-10) that modulates the activity of TIMM44, an essential component of the protein associated motor (PAM) complex for the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23) translocase, to characterize PINK1 import. MB-10 did not inhibit the import or degradation of PINK1 in energized mitochondria. However, when mitophagy was induced by the addition of an uncoupler or respiratory inhibitor, MB-10 treatment altered PINK1 trafficking by inhibiting association with the TOM complex and impairing Parkin recruitment and subsequent mitophagy. MB-10 analogs that did not inhibit TIMM44 activity failed to impair mitophagy, thereby assigning specificity to MB-10. Because PINK1 undergoes lateral release from the TIM23 translocon to interact with inner membrane (IM) modulators, our studies support that TIMM44 may be a key regulator and that the PAM complex has a central role in regulating PINK1-dependent mitophagy. Our studies also provide a probe for dissecting PINK1/Parkin events for mitochondria as well as studying PINK1-dependent mitophagy in cell and animal models.
Taming the Errors in Cross-Technology Communication: A Probabilistic Approach

Cross-Technology Communication (CTC) emerges as a technology to enable direct communication across different wireless technologies. The state of the arts on CTC employs physical-level emulation. Due to the protocol incompatibility and the hardware restriction, there are intrinsic emulation errors between the emulated signals and the legitimate signals. Unresolved emulation errors hurt the reliability of CTC and the achievable throughput, but how to improve the reliability of CTC remains a challenging problem. Taking the CTC fromWiFi to BLE as an example, this work first presents a comprehensive understanding on the emulation errors. We then propose WEB, a practical CTC approach that can be implemented with commercial devices. The core design of WEB is split encoding: based the probabilistic distribution of emulation errors, the WiFi sender manipulates its payload to maximize the successful decoding rate at the BLE receiver. We implement WEB and evaluate its performance with extensive experiments. Compared to two existing approaches WEBee and WIDE, WEB reduces the SER (Symbol Error Rate) by 54.6% and 42.2%, respectively. For the first time in the community, WEB achieves practically effective CTC from WiFi to BLE, with an average throughput of 522.2 Kbps.
The Performance and Wear Characterization of a High-Power High-Isp NASA Hall Thruster

The performance of a 50-kilowatt-class Hall thruster designed for high voltage operation was measured using both xenon and krypton propellants. The thruster was operated at discharge powers ranging from 4-46 kW on xenon and 5-65 kW on krypton. The device produced thrust ranging from 0.3 to 2.1 N at discharge voltages between 200 and 1050 V. Maximum anode specific impulses of 3370 and 4940 sec. were demonstrated at discharge voltages of 600 V on xenon and 1050 V on krypton, respectively. The peak anode efficiencies were 72% at 600 V on xenon and 68% at 1050 V on krypton. In addition to performance testing the thruster was operated on krypton at 700 V and 53 A to characterize the thruster wear. The observed wear characteristics of the thruster were compared to previous xenon Hall thruster wear results.
Investigation into the involvement of growth hormone in genetic differences in growth and size

Lines selected high or low on lean body mass (P-Lines) or on carcass fat (F-Lines) for more than 30 generations were treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone (OH) to obtain information about the effects of selection on OH levels and responsiveness. All lines responded to OH with an increase in final body weight. In the lean mass selected lines the high line increased more than the low, but the increase relative to initial weight was similar in both lines (10-15%). OH did not have a significant effect on gonadal fat percentage. Further investigations involved the lean mass selected lines only. Weights were recorded on a daily basis from birth to weaning at 21 days, to investigate growth before mice become responsive to OH at 14 days. The high line had a mean litter size and approximately twice that of the low line, and a mean birth weight approximately 50% greater than the low line. The difference in total litter weight at birth is greater (3 to 4 fold) than the difference in adult body weight (approximately 3 fold) suggesting that there may be between line differences in individual effects on in utero growth rates as well as differences due to maternal effects. Also an increase in the rate of gain was observed for both line at approximately 18 days of age. An increase was also observed in OH deficient little mice from the high P-Line, and hence is not due to OH. The increase in the rate of weight gain is greater in the wild type mice than in the little mice suggesting OH acts to magnify the effects of whatever causes the increase. Plasma OH levels were assayed, the high P-line had lower levels of OH at 4, 5, and 7 weeks of age then the low P-line. As IOF-I levels become GH inducible at about 14 days of age and the lines experience an increase in the rate of weight gain, which is greater in the high line than in the low line, at about 18 days it appeared possible that IOF-I levels differed between the lines. However IGF-I levels did not differ between the lines at 5 weeks of age, during the period of rapid growth PA, k, kF (S ,, 1991). Hence IOF-I does not appear to be responsible for the differences between the high and low P-lines in growth rate. The little gene was backcrossed into both P-Lines and then little and wild type P-Line mice treated with OH. The dwarfs were approximately half the body weight of wild type mice from the same line. Little mice from both lines responded to the recombinant bovine OH with an increase in final body weight. The response was proportional to body weight, again suggesting that OH and responsiveness to OH have not been altered by selection. Preweaning weights of little mice were also