Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Model for Determination of Size-Distribution of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles from Surface Plasmon Resonance Wavelength and Dielectric Functions

In this work it is shown that the size of silver nanoparticles in a colloidal solution can be determined only from the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance and material and medium dielectric functions. The size dependence of dielectric functions of silver nanoparticles becomes noticeable in nanoparticles which are smaller than 30 nm in size, which is in accordance with Mie scattering theory applicability. The novelty of this work is in the development of an analytical model for the determination of the size of silver nanoparticles derived from applying shift functions to the UV-Vis spectra, resulting in well-known characteristic diameters of log-normal size distribution function. The purpose of these shift functions is the reconstruction of experimental UV–Vis spectra from simulated ones based on the Beer–Lambert law and log-normal distribution function in order to find the mode diameters of colloidal silver nanoparticles. The introduction of Lagrangian analogue of extinction cross section explains the redshift constant characteristic for given nanoparticle material and the size distribution of nanoparticles. Therefore, the size determination of colloidal silver nanoparticles is possible only through UV–Vis spectroscopy.
Matter effects in active-sterile solar neutrino oscillations

The matter effects for solar neutrino oscillations are studied in a general scheme with an arbitrary number of sterile neutrinos, without any constraint on the mixing, assuming only a realistic hierarchy of neutrino squared-mass differences in which the smallest squared-mass difference is effective in solar neutrino oscillations. The validity of the analytic results are illustrated with a numerical solution of the evolution equation in three examples of the possible mixing matrix in the simplest case of four-neutrino mixing.
Information-theoretic treatment of tripartite systems and quantum channels

A Holevo measure is used to discuss how much information about a given positive operator valued measure (POVM) on system a is present in another system b, and how this influences the presence or absence of information about a different POVM on a in a third system c. The main goal is to extend information theorems for mutually unbiased bases or general bases to arbitrary POVMs, and especially to generalize ''all-or-nothing'' theorems about information located in tripartite systems to the case of partial information, in the form of quantitative inequalities. Some of the inequalities can be viewed as entropic uncertainty relations that apply in the presence of quantum side information, as in recent work by Berta et al. [Nature Physics 6, 659 (2010)]. All of the results also apply to quantum channels: For example, if E accurately transmits certain POVMs, the complementary channel F will necessarily be noisy for certain other POVMs. While the inequalities are valid for mixed states of tripartite systems, restricting to pure states leads to the basis invariance of the difference between the information about a contained in b and c.
Structural Model of Social Capital and Quality of Life of Farmers in Supporting Sustainable Agriculture (Evidence: Sedayulawas Village, Lamongan Regency-Indonesia)

The issue of food security is important since it affects the region’s economic cycle. The agricultural sector, which serves as a safety net for Indonesia’s food availability and must be optimized to prevent a crisis, is the crucial sector in terms of food security issues. Lamongan Regency is one of the regencies in East Java with the agricultural sector contributing to positive growth and support for sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture demonstrates the existence of a long-term, integrated system linked to various aspects of life quality. This study aims to identify social capital and its relation to quality of life (QoL) in supporting sustainable agriculture. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis to determine the condition of sustainable agriculture and the characteristics of social capital in Sedayulawas Village. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) followed by a Structural Equation Model (SEM) Analysis approach is used to determine the relationship between social capital and the QoL community in the village in supporting sustainable agriculture. Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis shows that social capital, material, community, emotional, health, and safety variables influence the QoL. The community variables explain 81.7% of the variability in farmer QoL. This study advances knowledge about the role of social capital and QoL for communities, particularly farmers, in matters pertaining to sustainable agriculture and food security.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Seismicity in the Alto Tiberina Fault System Revealed by a High‐Resolution Template Matching Catalog

The Alto Tiberina Fault system, located in the Northern Apennines (Italy), consists of a low angle normal fault (LANF) which radiates micro‐seismicity that can be explained by continuous creep. On top of the LANF, a network of syn‐ and antithetic high angle faults frequently hosts seismic swarms, one of which has been associated with a transient aseismic deformation signal. To study in detail the seismicity and its relationships with aseismic deformation processes occurring in this fault system, we apply template matching on seismic data recorded at an array of borehole stations, to derive a high‐resolution earthquake catalog. Thanks to the additionally detected events, we are able to reveal time periods of increased spatial‐ and temporal clustering during an aseismic deformation event. This reflects the complex evolution of aseismic slip together with the complexity of the shallow fault system. Along the LANF, we observe a bimodal type of seismicity, with diffuse seismicity active continuously, and short‐lived bursts of seismicity that could indicate rapid fluid releases. We additionally identify repeating earthquakes. These events not necessarily match a simple creep model and therefore open the possibility for new models to explain the seismicity along the LANF.
Prevalence, Etiology, and Types of Dental Trauma in Self-Assessment of 18-Year-Olds in Poland

The aim of the study is to determine the occurrence and etiology of traumatic dental injuries of permanent teeth and to evaluate the relationship between diagnosed injuries and selected socio-economic indicators. In total, 1741 students aged 18 years, representing all the regions of Poland, took part in the survey. Questionnaires for monitoring studies were prepared in accordance with the criteria of the World Health Organization. Among the respondents, tooth trauma was reported by 18% of adolescents. The most common trauma occurred during other activities (e.g., playing) (64%). The most common direct cause of injury was a fall (43%) or a collision with an object or another person (36%). Risk of injury was increased by a low level of parents’ education and poor financial situation of the family. Playing sports is important in the etiology of injuries. The incidence of injuries was highest in school, demonstrating the need for school education in injury prevention and first aid. Occurrence of injuries, their causes, therapy, and post-traumatic complications were similar in respondents of both genders, which can be explained by secularization trends. Risk of injury was increased by parents’ low level of education and poor economic status. The research demonstrates the need for universal education on treatment of dental injuries.
Interaction of two-dimensional plasma crystals with upstream charged particles

Two-dimensional plasma crystals are characterized by a strong up-and-down asymmetry not only due to gravity but also due to the presence of plasma flow at the location of particles. We study for the first time the interaction of a single-layer plasma crystal with charged extra particles located above it (upstream of the flow of ions). Upstream extra particles tend to move between the rows of particles in the crystal, accelerate to supersonic speeds, and excite attraction-dominated Mach cones and wakes in the crystal.
Improved Fixed Range Forgetting Factor-Adaptive Extended Kalman Filtering (FRFF-AEKF) Algorithm for the State of Charge Estimation of High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries

The lithium-ion battery is perhaps the most powerful energy storage media available today and is used in virtually all electronic devices, especially electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The battery industry is growing rapidly in battery technology, development, and production to meet future demands. The difficulty in estimating battery states such as the state of charge (SOC) has led to the discovery of several methods and techniques. The use of improved algorithms coupled with a combination of methods and models has contributed immensely toward the accurate estimation of battery states. In this paper, the state of charge of the high-power lithium-ion battery is estimated based on an improved Fixed Range Forgetting Factor-Adaptive Extended Kalman filtering (FRFF-AEKF) algorithm. The interference of system noise is overcome with the use of the fixed range forgetting factor and the Saga-Husa adaptive filter (SHAF) to calculate the SOC more accurately. The experiments performed for the acquisition of data, parameterization, and verification of results, the methods employed and the use of the improved algorithm were all done to accurately estimate the SOC. Two other algorithms, the Adaptive extended Kalman filtering (AEKF) algorithm, and the Adaptive Unscented Kalman filtering (AUKF) algorithm are used as benchmarks for verifying the performance of the improved FRFF-AEKF algorithm. The improved FRFF-AEKF algorithm achieved 99.74 % estimation accuracy under Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) test working conditions and 99.44 % under Beijing Bus Dynamic stress test (BBDST) working conditions. The estimation accuracy of the AEKF algorithm under HPPC and BBDST conditions was 98.37% and 99.27% respectively, and the estimation accuracy of the AUKF algorithm under HPPC and BBDST conditions was 97.97% and 99.07% respectively. The verification experiment proved that the method was successful and can accurately estimate the state of charge of the high-power lithium-ion battery.
New Methods for Estimating Tail Probabilities and Extreme Value Disributions.

Abstract : This research has focused on the problem of estimating probabilities in the upper tail of an underlying distribution and the corresponding quantiles based on a random sample from the distribution. Two estimation procedures, exponential tail and transformed exponential tail, were defined and their bias and variance properties were thoroughly studied both analytically and by means of an extensive Monte Carlo experiment. The experiment involved several forms of each of the two procedures; twenty underlying distributions were simulated, including a variety of Weibull and lognormal distributions; four sample sizes were considered--100, 200, 400 and 800. Careful study of the analytic and Monte Carlo results showed that exponential tail and transformed exponential tail procedures worked quite well, but indicated a potential for substantial further improvement by properly combining them. (Author)
A Chandra Study of the Circinus Galaxy Point-Source Population

We have used the Chandra X-Ray Observatory to resolve spatially and spectrally the X-ray emission from the Circinus galaxy. We report here on the nature of the X-ray emission from the off-nuclear point sources associated with the disk of Circinus, which make up ≈34% of the total 0.5–10 keV emission. We find that many of the serendipitous X-ray sources are concentrated along the optical disk of the galaxy, although few have optical counterparts within 1″ of their X-ray positions down to limiting magnitudes of mV = 23–25. At the distance of Circinus (≈3.8 Mpc), their intrinsic 0.5–10 keV luminosities range from ≈2 × 1037 ergs s-1 to ≈4 × 1039 ergs s-1. One-fourth of the sources are variable over the duration of the 67 ks observation, and spectral fitting of these off-nuclear sources shows a diverse range of spectral properties. The overall characteristics of the point sources suggest that most are X-ray binaries and/or ultraluminous supernova remnants within Circinus. We are able to analyze the two strongest off-nuclear sources in greater detail and find both to have remarkable properties. The average X-ray luminosities of the two sources are 3.7 × 1039 ergs s-1 and 3.4 × 1039 ergs s-1. The former displays large and periodic flux variations every 7.5 hr and is well fitted by a multicolor blackbody accretion disk model with Tin = 1.35 keV, properties consistent with an eclipsing ≳50 M⊙ black hole binary. The latter appears to be a young supernova remnant, as it coincides with a nonthermal radio counterpart and an Hα-detected H II region. This source exhibits both long-term (≈4 yr) X-ray variability and a 6.67–6.97 keV iron emission-line blend with a 1.6 keV equivalent width. These two objects further support the notion that super-Eddington X-ray sources in nearby galaxies can be explained by a mixture of intermediate-mass black holes in X-ray binaries and young supernova remnants.
Comparing China REACH and the Jamaica Home Visiting Program.

OBJECTIVES Delayed child skill development is a common phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries. Effective and low-cost strategies suitable for application to less-developed countries are needed. We summarize empirical findings from recent papers that study a replication of the Jamaica Reach Up and Learn home visiting program in China, China REACH, and compare child skill growth profiles in the China Reach Up and Jamaica interventions. METHODS Different interventions often use different measures for assessing early childhood skill development. To estimate the growth of underlying skills across programs, we address the challenge that different programs use different assessments. We use a modified version of the Rasch model to anchor scores on common items to estimate skill development. RESULTS Language skill growth curves are comparable for both interventions. This pattern is consistent for the treatment and control groups across the interventions. Skill growth curves are not statistically significantly different between China REACH and Jamaican interventions. We find evidence of the importance of early investment. CONCLUSIONS The China REACH intervention significantly improves the development of multiple skills. At the same ages, treatment effect sizes and skill growth curves are comparable across the Jamaica and China REACH interventions, despite differences in scale and cultural settings. The scale of the program is much greater in China than in Jamaica, showing that the Jamaican curriculum can be effectively expanded to larger populations. Annual costs per child are roughly $500 (2015 US dollars).
Employee Satisfaction in the Telecommunications Industry in Malaysia

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a decline in employee satisfaction. It would appear that ensuring the contentment of one's workforce in their place of employment is the most significant obstacle that companies must overcome. Therefore, this study examined the effects of wages and welfare, relations with superiors, and learning and development on employee satisfaction in Malaysia. The study employed a cross-sectional design, and the research instruments were adapted from several prior studies. Employees working for a telecommunications company in Malaysia completed a total of 162 questionnaires online. The research hypotheses were analysed using SPSS Version 26.0. The findings show that although relations with superiors had a significant positive effect on employee satisfaction, learning and development had an even stronger positive effect. On the other hand, wages and welfare did not display a significant effect on employee satisfaction. This study makes a unique contribution to theoretical understanding by investigating these factors in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic as intrinsic and extrinsic components impacting employee satisfaction. Additionally, this research gives corporate organisations vital insights to ensure they can maintain a competitive edge in their industry.
Monitoring of Hydrological Resources in Surface Water Change by Satellite Altimetry

Satellite altimetry technology has unparalleled advantages in the monitoring of hydrological resources. After decades of development, satellite altimetry technology has achieved a perfect integration from the geometric research of geodesy to the natural resource monitoring research. Satellite altimetry technology has shown great potential, whether solid or liquid. In general, this paper systematically reviews the development of satellite altimetry technology, especially in terms of data availability and program practicability, and proposes a multi-source altimetry data fusion method based on deep learning. Secondly, in view of the development prospects of satellite altimetry technology, the challenges and opportunities in the monitoring application and expansion of surface water changes are sorted out. Among them, the limitations of the data and the redundancy of the program are emphasized. Finally, the fusion scheme of altimetry technology and deep learning proposed in this paper is presented. It is hoped that it can provide effective technical support for the monitoring and application research of hydrological resources.
Toward an Integrative Paradigm of Positive Youth Development: Implications for Research, Practice, and Policy

Positive youth development (PYD) has gained considerable traction among researchers and practitioners in promoting adolescent well-being and mental health. Several models have also been proposed in conceptualizing and measuring PYD, almost all of which were developed in individualistic and Western contexts. The abundance of overlapping PYD indicators from different models poses a challenge in further expanding the applicability of PYD in diverse cultural settings. Based on a review of major PYD paradigms (i.e., five/six/seven Cs model, 15 PYD constructs, and the 40 developmental assets framework), we propose an integrative paradigm of PYD, which organizes the different indicators of adolescent thriving into three clusters: (a) intrapersonal-immediate, (b) interpersonal-proximal, and (c) ecological-distal indicators. Building on prior empirically supported models of PYD, this paradigm aims to provide a common and unifying taxonomy among developmental scientists in conceptualizing and measuring adolescent thriving without neglecting the specificity of adolescent development in various ecologies. Future directions for PYD researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to advance the field are discussed.
Desmin Knock-Out Cardiomyopathy: A Heart on the Verge of Metabolic Crisis

Desmin mutations cause familial and sporadic cardiomyopathies. In addition to perturbing the contractile apparatus, both desmin deficiency and mutated desmin negatively impact mitochondria. Impaired myocardial metabolism secondary to mitochondrial defects could conceivably exacerbate cardiac contractile dysfunction. We performed metabolic myocardial phenotyping in left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue in desmin knock-out mice. Our analyses revealed decreased mitochondrial number, ultrastructural mitochondrial defects, and impaired mitochondria-related metabolic pathways including fatty acid transport, activation, and catabolism. Glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase-1 expression and hexokinase activity were increased. While mitochondrial creatine kinase expression was reduced, fetal creatine kinase expression was increased. Proteomic analysis revealed reduced expression of proteins involved in electron transport mainly of complexes I and II, oxidative phosphorylation, citrate cycle, beta-oxidation including auxiliary pathways, amino acid catabolism, and redox reactions and oxidative stress. Thus, desmin deficiency elicits a secondary cardiac mitochondriopathy with severely impaired oxidative phosphorylation and fatty and amino acid metabolism. Increased glucose utilization and fetal creatine kinase upregulation likely portray attempts to maintain myocardial energy supply. It may be prudent to avoid medications worsening mitochondrial function and other metabolic stressors. Therapeutic interventions for mitochondriopathies might also improve the metabolic condition in desmin deficient hearts.
Global properties of the rich cluster ABCG 209 at z∼ 0.2. Spectroscopic and photometric catalogue

This paper is aimed at giving an overview of the global properties of the rich cluster of galaxies ABCG209. This is achieved by complementing the already available data with new medium resolution spectroscopy and NIR photometry which allow us to i) analyse in detail the cluster dynamics, distinguishing among galaxies belonging to different substructures and deriving their individual velocity distributions, using a total sample of 148 galaxies in the cluster region, of which 134 belonging to the cluster; ii) derive the cluster NIR luminosity function; iii) study the Kormendy relation and the photometric plane of cluster early-type galaxies (ETGs). Finally we provide an extensive photometric (optical and NIR) and spectroscopic dataset for such a complex system to be used in further analyses investigating the nature, formation and evolution of rich clusters of galaxies. The present study shows that the cluster is characterised by a very high
SELF-PERPETUATING SPIRAL ARMS IN DISK GALAXIES

The causes of spiral structure in galaxies remain uncertain. Leaving aside the grand bisymmetric spirals with their own well-known complications, here we consider the possibility that multi-armed spiral features originate from density inhomogeneities orbiting within disks. Using high-resolution N-body simulations, we follow the motions of stars under the influence of gravity, and show that mass concentrations with properties similar to those of giant molecular clouds can induce the development of spiral arms through a process termed swing amplification. However, unlike in earlier work, we demonstrate that the eventual response of the disk can be highly non-linear, significantly modifying the formation and longevity of the resulting patterns. Contrary to expectations, ragged spiral structures can thus survive at least in a statistical sense long after the original perturbing influence has been removed.
Troponin in COVID-19: To Measure or Not to Measure? Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study

Myocardial injury (MI), defined by troponin elevation, has been associated with increased mortality and adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the role of this biomarker as a risk predictor remains unclear. Data from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were recorded prospectively. A multiple logistic regression model was used to quantify associations of all variables with in-hospital mortality, including the calculation of odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CI). Troponin measurement was performed in 1476 of 4628 included patients, and MI was detected in 353 patients, with a prevalence of 23.9%; [95% CI, 21.8–26.1%]. The total in-hospital mortality rate was 10.9% [95% CI, 9.8–12.0%]. The mortality was much higher among patients with MI than among those without MI, with a prevalence of 22.7% [95% CI, 18.5–27.3%] vs. 5.5% [95% CI, 4.3–7.0%] and increased with each troponin level. After adjustment for age and comorbidities, the model revealed that the mortality risk was greater for patients with MI [OR = 2.99; 95% CI, 2.06–4.36%], and for those who did not undergo troponin measurement [OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.62–2.97%], compared to those without MI. Our data support the role of troponin as an important risk predictor for these patients, capable of discriminating between those with a low or increased mortality rate. In addition, our findings suggest that this biomarker has a remarkable negative predictive value in COVID-19.