Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Relationship between Investment in Innovation and the Volume of Sold Innovative Products in the Industry of Ukraine

Applying the correlation and regression analysis, the study of the relationship between the volume and structure of innovation costs and the volume of sold innovative products (SIP) in industry was carried out on the example of Ukraine. The time lag of the costs-of-sales impact was also considered. It was hypothesized that the total volume of sold innovative products and their structure (the share of new products for the market, the share of products sold abroad) depend on different types of investment in innovation. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the components of investment in innovation influenced differently the volume and structure of SIP, which confirmed the hypothesis. The total amount of SIP largely depends on the level of costs to purchase machinery, equipment and software, as well as costs related to the component "Other". Positive dynamics of sold innovative products that are new to the market, as well as the products sold abroad, is largely determined by the volume of expenditures on external scientific research. Thus, by influencing the structure of investment in innovation, a company can significantly increase the level of its competitiveness.
Study on Coordination and Optimization of Contract Farming Supply Chain Based on Uncertain Conditions

As the transaction subject of contract farming, agricultural products are featured with a long production cycle and a short sales cycle, just like other perishable commodities. In the process of executing a contract, both the company and the farmer are running the risk of great uncertainty. This paper studies the coordination of agricultural supply chain in terms of the uncertainty of agricultural output and market demand. First of all, the random output volatility factor and the market demand volatility factor as two random variables are used to represent the uncertainty of the agricultural output and market demand, and revenue functions are set up, respectively, for the company and the farmer with the objective of maximizing expected returns. The theoretical derivation of these revenue functions proves that there is an optimal targeted yield in a centralized decision-making supply chain system and a single optimal solution that maximizes farmers’ revenue can be obtained in a decentralized one, but the centralized decision-making supply chain is superior to the decentralized and uncoordinated counterpart for overall benefit. Secondly, a revenue-sharing-plus-margin contract mechanism is proposed to coordinate income distribution between the two parties of the supply chain through the revenue-sharing coefficient and margin. Thirdly, calculation examples are given and solved by MATLAB based on the assumption that both the agricultural output volatility factor and the market demand volatility factor are uniformly distributed, and the theory and result are then verified consistently. Finally, the numerical analysis of the coordination mechanism of the revenue-sharing coefficient and the margin on both sides of the supply chain provides an optimal value range so that Pareto improvement on the company’s and the farmers’ income can be achieved.
Effect of silencing a boule homologue on the survival and reproduction of Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri

The fertility gene boule is conserved in most organisms and deletion of boule is found to block meiosis during spermatogenesis, which contributes to male infertility. The biological role of boule in Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, currently the most serious citrus pest and the vector of huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen, remains poorly understood. In the present study, a boule homologue in Diaphorina citri (DcBol) is identified and the potential application of DcBol for RNA interference (RNAi) based control of D. citri is evaluated. DcBol is constitutively expressed at gonadal and somatic tissues in both sexes. DsDcBol appears to be refractory to the salivary proteins of D. citri and no degradation is discovered over a 3‐day feeding period. DsRNA‐mediated RNAi of DcBol is achieved via artificial feeding, with DsDcBol at 400 ng μL−1 being sufficient to knockdown endogenous DcBol expression. A further bioassay reveals that knockdown of DcBol causes higher mortality of adult D. citri. In comparison with the control, the number of eggs and offspring nymphs generated by RNAi males is not reduced significantly. The results of the present study indicate that DcBol may play a limited role in male fertility.
Comparative Knowledge Gained from Online and Face-to-Face Learning Modes in Management Courses in Nepal

Article History Received 10 March 2020 Reviewed 15 May 2020 Revised 20 May 2020 Accepted 25 May 2020 Abstract The paper aimed at examining the perceived difference between knowledge gained from online and face-to-face learning modes as a result of the intensities (viz., high and low) of comparative interaction level and ease of attending the classes, in the context of management courses in Nepal. Based on the survey (complete enumeration) of all management students (n=224) attending the online classes at Nepal Open University from 5th to 25th Jan., 2020, the study applied descriptive statistics and factorial ANOVA using the General Linear Model in analysing data to pursue the research objectives. Nepalese management students’ experience with their present online classes in terms of the knowledge gained was found to be equivalent to their previous experience with the face-to-face mode. It also discovered that intensities of the comparative interaction level and comparative ease of attending classes had a significant impact on comparative knowledge gained. The findings should offer instrumental inputs to design effective higher education policies blending the online and face-toface learning modes.
Short-Term Recovery of Residual Tree Damage during Successive Thinning Operations

In this study, damage to residual trees during thinning performed by motor-manual felling and whole tree skidding was studied in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Forest intervention was carried out in 2016 and tree wounds were studied and examined over a period of three years. The results indicated that 8% of the residual trees suffered damage, of which 52% was caused by felling operations and 48% by extraction operations. Among the damaged trees, 13% had damage to the root system, 53% to the bole, and 34% to the crown area. The average wound size at the time of occurrence was 71.3 cm2. This was found to be reduced to 54.4 cm2 after a three year period. Wound intensity decreased with higher wound height and increased size. Three years after wound occurrence, only 6.6% were closed, 90.6% were still open, and 2.8% were decayed. The diameter growth in damaged trees was 1.7% lower than in undamaged trees (p > 0.05). Damage to the root system of residual trees reduced diameter growth by 3% (p < 0.05). Intensive wounds (damaged wood) caused a reduction of 22.7% in diameter growth (p < 0.01). In addition, the diameter growth in trees with decayed wounds was 27.4% lower than unwounded trees (p < 0.01). Pre-harvest planning, directional tree felling, marking of the extraction path before logging operations, employment of skilled logging workers, and post-harvest assessment of damaged residual trees are essential implementations in timber plantations.
More than just an angry face: A critical review and theoretical expansion of research on leader anger expression

Stories about angry bosses in the workplace are relatively common. Have you ever wondered what causes their anger and how the expressed anger impacts the workplace? Our review of 58 studies on leader anger expression provides an overview of research findings on this phenomenon. The review demonstrates significant research progress in understanding leader anger expression, including its causes, consequences, mechanisms, and boundary conditions. However, the review also reveals that the current approaches to leader anger expression are quite static, which creates the need for a dynamic approach to examining leader anger expression. Integrating a range of theories, we suggest three ways of building dynamic models of leader anger expression, considering its temporal dimension, the dynamics between its mechanisms, and the complexity of emotional episodes in which anger is expressed. Our research contributes to the existing literature by being the first to take stock of leader anger expression research to date and propose a dynamic approach to understanding this phenomenon.
The economic consequences of US FDA new drug approvals: evidence from Taiwan pharmaceutical and biotech companies

ABSTRACT This study examines the association between the new drug approvals released by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and subsequent market stock price reactions for listed pharmaceutical and biotech companies in Taiwan. We find that new drug approvals released by the US FDA lead to significantly positive stock price cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) in most stages of the new drug approval process, in particular, for the phase 3 stage. This implies that public investors are more willing to invest in the later stages of the US FDA approval process due to the high failure rate of drug verification. We also find that research and development (R&D) investment has significantly positive impacts on CARs. Since R&D investments may substantially reduce the taxes and operating costs of pharmaceutical and biotech companies, they are positively related to stock price returns and serve as an important indicator for market investors. Finally, we find that the effect of R&D investment on CARs associated with FDA approvals is more prominent in the period after the passage of the ‘Taiwanese Biotech and New Pharmaceutical Development Act’, indicating that tax incentives or policy effects indeed influence market responses.
How Do Predictions Change Learning from Science Texts

The Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) learning cycle improves understanding of the connection between empirical results and theoretical concepts when students engage in hands-on experimentation. This study explored whether training students to use a POE strategy when learning from social science texts that describe theories and experimental results might be more beneficial than an explanation strategy. The study found that students trained to use an explanation strategy displayed better comprehension on a new set of topics.
Hacking, disability, and music education

The purpose of our study was to examine how hacking – as discussed and displayed by participants of Monthly Music Hackathon NYC – could inform making music education practices more accessible and inclusive, if at all, for people with disabilities. Free and open to the public, Monthly Music Hackathon NYC hosts non-competitive community-based events in which participants – musicians, educators, coders, and software/hardware designers from beginner to expert – work on projects collaboratively over the course of a day to address real-world problems posed by stakeholders in their communities. Our research team consisting of the principal investigator and two research assistants attended and videorecorded the events of Monthly Music Hackathon NYC’s ‘Music AccessAbility’ hackathon. In this article, we detail what constitutes hacking at this event and how participants approached hacking disability. We discuss the potential of hacking in music education to create a more accessible and inclusive field, and the importance of championing a disability-led design model as the ethical way forward.
Chain of Wastes: The Moderating Role of Making-Do

The concept of chain of wastes has been used to describe the systemic impacts of some types of wastes. In turn, making-do has been proposed as a leading waste that triggers other wastes that propagate across a chain of wastes. However, there is scarce empirical basis for that proposition, and current models of chain of wastes are not based on a functional perspective, which hinders the traceability of wastes to production activities. This study presents an application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) for the modelling of a chain of wastes. Based on FRAM, a chain of wastes was modelled for the gutter assembly process of an airport terminal building. Data collection involved the analysis of documents and an interview with the production manager of the construction project. Results indicated that making-do played a moderating role in the chain of wastes. While it compensated for wastes arising from the initial stages of the chain of wastes (i.e. it prevented a contractual fine from being applied) it created new wastes downstream, with implications for the building’s use. The provision of slack resources is presented as an alternative for the prevention and mitigation of the impacts of making-do.
Neurology and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Gathering Data for an Informed Response.

Purpose of Review The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the greatest medical crises faced by our current generation of health care providers. Although much remains to be learned about the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2, there is both historical precedent from other coronaviruses and a growing number of case reports and series that point to neurologic consequences of COVID-19. Recent Findings Olfactory/taste disturbances and increased risk of strokes and encephalopathies have emerged as potential consequences of COVID-19 infection. Evidence regarding whether these sequelae result indirectly from systemic infection or directly from neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2 is emerging. Summary This review summarizes the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 placed in context with our knowledge of other human coronaviruses. Evidence and data regarding neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 and the neuroinvasive potential of human coronaviruses are provided along with a summary of patient registries of interest to the Neurology community.
Country Image at Risk: Spillover Effects of Product-Harm Crises and the Role of Trust

Abstract This article investigates potential negative effects of a product-harm crisis (PHC) involving a product category that benefits from positive country-of-origin (COO) effects. In particular, the authors hypothesize that such a PHC generates deteriorations in consumers’ attitudes toward the product category involved, which in turn spill over to a country’s products in general (broad COO level) and, subsequently, to other product categories (narrow COO level), in that they generate attitude deteriorations on these two levels as well. Two online experiments confirm these negative effects and that attitudinal deterioration is particularly strong among consumers with relatively high initial trust if intentional actions of the concerned companies have caused the crisis.
Second language comprehensibility as a dynamic construct

This study examined longitudinal changes in second language (L2) interlocutors’ mutual comprehensibility ratings (perceived ease of understanding speech), targeting comprehensibility as a dynamic, time-varying, interaction-centered construct. In a repeated-measures, within-participants design, 20 pairs of L2 English university students from different language backgrounds engaged in three collaborative and interactive tasks over 17 minutes, rating their partner’s comprehensibility at 2–3 minute intervals using 100-millimeter scales (seven ratings per interlocutor). Mutual comprehensibility ratings followed a U-shaped function over time, with comprehensibility (initially perceived to be high) being affected by task complexity but then reaching high levels by the end of the interaction. The interlocutors’ ratings also became more similar to each other early on and remained aligned throughout the interaction. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of comprehensibility between L2 interlocutors and suggest the need for L2 comprehensibility research to account for the effects of interaction, task, and time on comprehensibility measurements.
Is It Worthy to Take Account of the “Guessing” in the Performance of the Raven Test? Calling for the Principle of Parsimony for Test Validation

The present study compares the fit of two- and three-parameter logistic (2PL and 3PL) models of item response theory in the performance of preschool children on the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices. The test of Raven is widely used for evaluating nonverbal intelligence of factor g. Studies comparing models with real data are scarce on the literature and this is the first to compare models of two and three parameters for the test of Raven, evaluating the informational gain of considering guessing probability. Participants were 582 Brazilian’s preschool children (Mage = 57 months; SD = 7 months; 46% female) who responded individually to the instrument. The model fit indices suggested that the 2PL fit better to the data. The difficulty and ability parameters were similar between the models, with almost perfect correlations. Differences were observed in terms of discrimination and test information. The principle of parsimony must be called for comparing models.
Gendered isolation, idealised communities and the role of collective power in West Bengal self-help groups

Abstract Empowerment and power have long been fervently contested in feminist theory and geography. Much debate focuses on whether empowerment is mainly monetary or more holistic and emancipatory. In both cases, most of the literature centres on individual empowerment and internal ‘power within’. Much less attention, however, has been given to the idea of ‘power with’ and how friendship, solidarity and emotional connections are fundamental to empowerment and yet are highly vulnerable to outside influence. Drawing on field research from Self-Help Groups in West Bengal, this article highlights how the formation of ‘power with’ is particularly important in contexts of gendered isolation, where patriarchy is enacted through the spatial control of women and removal of women from the public sphere, illustrating that communities in the Global South are not necessarily sites of collective unity and cohesion. These findings contest both idealised notions of community and mainstream theories of power and empowerment and in turn, provide crucial insights for feminist geography and power theory.
Occurrence and aquatic toxicity of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in tributaries of an urbanized section of the Delaware River Watershed

The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in environmental matrices is an ongoing issue. This research project was carried out to increase our understanding of the loading, distribution and potential risk of CECs by sampling large and small tributaries in a specific area of the Delaware River watershed (in northeast USA) that is highly urbanized and significantly impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluents. Fifteen target compounds were selected for analysis based on their high frequency of detection in a previous multiyear study conducted on the Delaware River mainstem. Ten sampling sites were chosen on tributaries receiving numerous municipal and industrial discharges. Sampling locations were above and below potential source discharges. Sampling was designed to assess seasonal differences in CECs loadings. The measured environmental concentrations of the target compounds present a detailed picture of urban and industrial impacts on subwatershed receiving waters. An index of concern ranking system was applied to the sample locations by comparing measured environmental concentrations, existing target compound water quality criteria or predicted no effects levels and developing a concern summary variable. Triclocarban and diphenhydramine demonstrated to be compounds of high relative risk (RR) to the aquatic life of the Pennsylvania tributaries to the Delaware River.
Identification of Aroma Compounds in Freeze-dried Strawberries and Raspberries by HS-SPME-GC-MS

The objective of this study was to determine a method for the identification of aroma volatile compounds in freeze-dried (FD) strawberries and raspberries for quality purposes. The aroma profile was examined using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). FD strawberries and raspberries were extracted at four different times (10,15, 20 and 30 min) and three different temperatures (40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C) using a SPME fiber coated with 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen on polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR-PDMS) to determine optimum recoveries for aroma volatile compounds. The DVB/CAR-PDMS SPME fiber showed the best extraction of aroma volatile compounds from strawberry and raspberry at 60°C for 15 min. Twenty-nine volatile compounds were identified from the strawberry samples and 20 from the raspberry samples, including terpenes, aldehydes, esters, acids and alcohols. Select aroma compounds in FD strawberries and raspberries were quantitated using SPME and GC-MS. It is important to determine the desirable aroma active compounds in freeze-dried strawberries and raspberries for quality uses since they are becoming popular commercially.
Quantifying the Relationship Between Short‐Wavelength Dynamic Topography and Thermomechanical Structure of the Upper Mantle Using Calibrated Parameterization of Anelasticity

Oceanic residual depth varies on ≤ 5,000 km wavelengths with amplitudes of ±1 km. A component of this short‐wavelength signal is dynamic topography caused by convective flow in the upper ∼300 km of the mantle. It exerts a significant influence on landscape evolution and sea level change, but its contribution is often excluded in geodynamic models of whole‐mantle flow. Using seismic tomography to resolve buoyancy anomalies in the oceanic upper mantle is complicated by the dominant influence of lithospheric cooling on velocity structure. Here, we remove this cooling signal from global surface wave tomographic models, revealing a correlation between positive residual depth and slow residual velocity anomalies at depths <300 km. To investigate whether these anomalies are of sufficient amplitude to account for short‐wavelength residual depth variations, we calibrate an experimentally derived parameterization of anelastic deformation at seismic frequencies to convert shear wave velocity into temperature, density, and diffusion creep viscosity. Asthenospheric temperature anomalies reach +150°C in the vicinity of major magmatic hot spots and correlate with geochemical and geophysical proxies for potential temperature along mid‐ocean ridges. Locally, we find evidence for a ∼150 km‐thick, low‐viscosity asthenospheric channel. Incorporating our revised density structure into models of whole‐mantle flow yields reasonable agreement with residual depth observations and suggests that ±30 km deviations in local lithospheric thickness account for a quarter of total amplitudes. These predictions remain compatible with geoid constraints and substantially improve the fit between power spectra of observed and predicted dynamic topography. This improvement should enable more accurate reconstruction of the spatiotemporal evolution of Cenozoic dynamic topography.
Bitcoin Price Risk—A Durations Perspective

An important aspect of liquidity is price risk, i.e., the risk that a small transaction leads to a large price change. This usually happens in a thin market, when trading opportunities are scarce and the time between subsequent trades is long. We rely on an autoregressive conditional duration model to extract the probability of a substantial price event in a particular time interval and, thus, an intraday risk profile. Our findings show that price risk is highest at times when European and U.S. investors do not trade. In a second step, we relate daily aggregates to characteristics of the Bitcoin blockchain and investigate whether investors account for features like confirmation time or fees when timing their orders.