Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation and recovery of road geometry in YARF

YARF, like several other road following systems, models the road as features which form concentric circular arcs lying in a flat ground plane. Two approximations are made in order to use a linear estimation technique to determine the spine parameters. The paper demonstrates that errors due to these approximations are reduced substantially by estimating the spine parameters in a data-dependent coordinate system rather than in a vehicle-centered coordinate system. It discusses the problem of estimating the spine parameters in the presence of outlying data. Using standard least squares estimation can result in the vehicle drifting off the road due to errors in the parameter estimates caused by such contaminants in the data. The use of least median squares estimation to overcome these problems is discussed. <<ETX>>
Theoretical analyses of nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution‐induced instability in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media

This paper deals with the theoretical aspects of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL)‐dissolution‐induced instability in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media including solute dispersion effects.After some weaknesses associated with the previous work are analyzed and overcome, a comprehensive dimensionless number, known as the Zhao number, is proposed to represent the main driving force and three controlling mechanisms of an NAPL‐dissolution system that has a finite domain. The linear stability analysis is carried out to derive the critical value of the comprehensive dimensionless number of the NAPL‐dissolution system in a limit case as the ratio of the equilibrium concentration to the density of the NAPL approaches zero. As a result, a theoretical criterion that can be used to assess the instability of planar NAPL‐dissolution fronts in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media of finite domains has been established. Not only can the present theoretical results be used for the theoretical understanding of the effect of solute dispersion on the instability of an NAPL‐dissolution front in the fluid‐saturated porous medium of either a finite domain or an infinite domain, but also they can be used as benchmark solutions for verifying numerical methods employed to simulate detailed morphological evolution processes of NAPL‐dissolution fronts in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leg restlessness and hyperparathyroidism in Parkinson's disease, a further clue to RLS pathogenesis?

Background Non-motor manifestations are the main features of Parkinson's disease (PD). These have been associated with vitamin D abnormalities, but the role of parathormone (PTH) is still obscure. Among the non-motor symptoms of PD, the pathogenesis of restless leg syndrome (RLS) is still debated, but it has been associated with the vitamin D/PTH axis in other disease models. Our study deepens the association between vitamin D and PTH with the prevalence of non-motor symptoms of PD and explores such a relationship in patients reporting leg restlessness. Methods Fifty patients with PD were extensively investigated with motor and non-motor scales. Data on serum levels of vitamin D, PTH, and related metabolites were obtained, and patients were stratified as having vitamin D deficiency or hyperparathyroidism according to standardized criteria. Results Overall, 80% of patients with PD exhibited low vitamin D levels, and hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in 45%. The analysis of the non-motor symptoms profile using the non-motor symptom questionnaire (NMSQ) revealed 36% of leg restlessness, a main feature of RLS. This was significantly associated with worse motor symptoms, quality of sleep, and quality of life. Moreover, it was associated with hyperparathyroidism (OR: 3.48) and with PTH levels, independent of vitamin D, calcium/phosphate levels, and motor status. Conclusion Our results suggest a significant association between the vitamin D/PTH axis and leg restlessness in PD. PTH has a putative role in nociceptive modulation, and previous evidence on hyperparathyroidism has suggested a possible interrelation with RLS. Further investigations are necessary to add PTH to the non-dopaminergic non-motor landscape of PD.
Design, Manufacture, and Experimental Validation of a Hydraulic Semi-Active Knee Prosthesis

In this article, a new hydraulic semi-active knee (HSAK) prosthesis is proposed. Compared with knee prostheses driven by hydraulic-mechanical coupling or electromechanical systems, we novelly combine independent active and passive hydraulic subsystems to solve the incompatibility between low passive friction and high transmission ratio of current semi-active knees. The HSAK not only has the low friction to follow the intentions of users, but also performs adequate torque output. Moreover, the rotary damping valve is meticulously designed to effectively control motion damping. The experimental results demonstrate the HSAK combines the advantages of both passive and active prostheses, including the flexibility of passive prostheses, as well as the stability and the sufficient active torque of active prostheses. The maximum flexion angle in level walking is about 60°, and the peak output torque in stair ascent is greater than 60Nm. Relative to the daily use of prosthetics, the HSAK improves gait symmetry on the affected side and contributes to the amputees better maintain daily activities.
Research of the stability region in a power system

A power system is employed to illustrate how we can apply singular perturbation theory to decompose a full system into two subsystems, slow and fast subsystems. Then, we study the qualitative properties of their solutions and finally obtain the stability region and an analytical expression of the approximate stability boundary of the operation point of the full system by numerical simulation and by computing the local quadratic approximation of the one-dimensional stable manifold at the saddle point. Furthermore, we consider the effects of changing the parameters on the size of the stability region.
A Low-Energy DMTJ-Based Ternary Content- Addressable Memory With Reliable Sub-Nanosecond Search Operation

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient, reliable, hybrid, 10-transistor/2-Double-Barrier-Magnetic-Tunnel-Junction (10T2DMTJ) non-volatile (NV) ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) with sub-nanosecond search operation. Our cell design relies on low-energy-demanding MTJs organized in a low-complexity voltage-divider-based circuit along with a simple dynamic logic CMOS matching network, which improves the search reliability. The proposed NV-TCAM was designed in 28 nm FDSOI process and evaluated under exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations. When compared to the best previous proposed NV-TCAMs, our solution achieves lower search error rate (3.8 $\times $ ) and lower write and search energy (–73% and–79%, respectively), while also exhibiting smaller area footprint (–74%). Such benefits are achieved at the expense of reduced search speed.
Evolution of plasma loops in a semi-toroidal pinch experiment

The FlareLab experiment is a pulsed-power discharge generating magnetized plasma loops similar to a pinch experiment in a semi-toroidal configuration. After gas breakdown along a circular magnetic guide field, the structure expands in its major radius as the plasma becomes highly conductive and the discharge current rises. Photographs, current and electron density measurements reveal a significant broadening in the lateral direction leading to an increasing departure from radial symmetry of plasma parameters in the cross section. It is shown that the luminosity is related to both high electron density and high current density. Simultaneous measurements of current density and electric field reveal a high parallel resistivity of the plasma leading to fast diffusion across the magnetic field. Indications for anomalous resistivity are found by comparison with the Spitzer formula. As the experiment differs from a z-pinch experiment only by the semi-circular shape of the current path, the observed evolution is unexpected and might be of more fundamental significance.
On the transition between axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric flow in a rotating liquid annulus subject to a horizontal temperature gradient: Hysteresis effects at moderate Taylor number and baroclinic waves beyond the eady cut-off at high Taylor number

Abstract The transition between axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric regimes of flow in a rotating annulus of liquid subject to horizontal temperature gradient is known from previous experimental studies to depend largely on two dimensionless parameters. These are Θ, which is proportional to the impressed density contrast Δρ and inversely proportional to the square of the angular speed of rotation ω, and  (Taylor number), which is proportional to ω2 /v2 where v is the coefficient of kinematic viscosity. At moderate values of , around 107, the critical value of Θ above which axisymmetric flow is found to OCCUT and below which non-axisymmetric fully-developed baroclinic waves (sloping convection) occur, is fairly insensitive to . Though sharp, the transition exhibits marked hysteresis when the upper surface of the liquid is free (but not when the upper surface is in contact with a rigid lid), and it is argued on the basis of the experimental evidence supported by various results of baroclinic instability th.
Differentially Expressed Genes and Molecular Susceptibility to Human Age-Related Diseases

Mainstream transcriptome profiling of susceptibility versus resistance to age-related diseases (ARDs) is focused on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specific to gender, age, and pathogeneses. This approach fits in well with predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory medicine and helps understand how, why, when, and what ARDs one can develop depending on their genetic background. Within this mainstream paradigm, we wanted to find out whether the known ARD-linked DEGs available in PubMed can reveal a molecular marker that will serve the purpose in anyone’s any tissue at any time. We sequenced the periaqueductal gray (PAG) transcriptome of tame versus aggressive rats, identified rat-behavior-related DEGs, and compared them with their known homologous animal ARD-linked DEGs. This analysis yielded statistically significant correlations between behavior-related and ARD-susceptibility-related fold changes (log2 values) in the expression of these DEG homologs. We found principal components, PC1 and PC2, corresponding to the half-sum and the half-difference of these log2 values, respectively. With the DEGs linked to ARD susceptibility and ARD resistance in humans used as controls, we verified these principal components. This yielded only one statistically significant common molecular marker for ARDs: an excess of Fcγ receptor IIb suppressing immune cell hyperactivation.
Design of MIR Dispersive Spectrograph System with Uncooled Microbolometer

To make the mid-infrared (MIR) dispersive spectrograph a practical tool in industrial food processing lines, we designed a dispersive spectrograph system with an uncooled microbolometer focal plane array (FPA) detector for MIR spectral acquisition. To precisely regulate the angle of a rotatable grating to acquire the MIR spectrum, the spectral resolution and spatial resolution of the system were rigorously controlled to improve system performance. In the reflectance operation mode of the MIR dispersive spectrograph, the uncooled microbolometer FPA detector offered a maximum spectral resolution of 12 nm for the MIR, when a 300 grooves/mm blazed grating was used. Utilizing an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pulse laser source, the wavelengths of the first-order diffraction were validated, and the system’s spectral resolution limit was determined. As a line-scanning source, a Globar broadband source was installed, and the USAF 1951 Resolution Calculator was used to establish the spatial resolution of the imaging spectrograph. Using NI LabView, the logical operational technique for controlling the MIR dispersive spectrograph was encoded into system firmware. The GUI and test results are thoroughly described.
Variability and Sensitivity of Short-Wavelength Color Visual Fields in Normal and Glaucoma Eyes

It has been shown that color visual fields 1) differentiate between normal and glaucomatous eyes; 1-4 2) show deficits in many suspect eyes when standard fields remain normal; 3 3) indicate more extensive damage across the retina than evidenced by standard visual fields; 4) show progressive loss sooner than standard fields in many eyes with primary open angle glaucoma;5 and 5) can identify early functional loss in suspect eyes at greatest risk for glaucoma. 6 These results suggest that color visual field testing may be a useful clinical test for assessing functional damage in ocular hypertension and primary open angle glaucoma. However, its clinical utility depends in large part on its ability to reliably detect glaucoma in a patient population.
A New Open‐Source Geomagnetosphere Propagation Tool (OTSO) and Its Applications

We present a new open‐source tool for magnetospheric computations, that is modeling of cosmic ray (CR) propagation in the geomagnetosphere, named “Oulu—Open‐source geomagneToSphere prOpagation tool” (OTSO), available on GitHub (https://github.com/NLarsen15/OTSO) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7516233). A tool of this nature is required in order to interpret experiments and study phenomena within the CR research field. Within this work, OTSO is applied to the investigation of several ground‐level enhancement events. Here, we demonstrated several applications of OTSO, namely the computation of asymptotic directions of selected CR stations, effective rigidity cut‐off across the globe at various conditions within the design, and general properties, including the magnetospheric models employed. Comparison and validation of OTSO with older widely used tools such as MAGNETOCOSMICS was performed, and good agreement was achieved. An application of OTSO for providing the necessary background for the analysis of two notable ground‐level enhancements is demonstrated and their spectral and angular characteristics are presented.
The role of gender inequality in the overeducation and life satisfaction relationship: an empirical analysis using panel data from Korea

ABSTRACT Despite Korea’s economic development, gender inequality in its society and the labour market is still prevalent. Within this context, this investigation considers the relationship between overeducation and life satisfaction by gender. Korean females are better educated than males, and they also face more discrimination in the labour market, the consequences of overeducation are likely to differ by gender. Using Korean panel data the results are consistent with females having lower aspirations despite their high levels of education, and indicate that a more female friendly labour market could address the country’s currently underutilised human capital.
Unexpected Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Total Hip Arthroplasty with Cemented Hip Prosthesis versus Cementless Implants

(1) Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most common procedures used for adult hip reconstruction, employing mainly two types of prostheses: cemented (CHP) and cementless (CLHP). This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on THA with CHP and CLHP, in terms of the benefit/cost ratio. (2) Methods: This article represents a retrospective analysis of the differences concerning the benefit/cost ratio between THA with the two types of prostheses in 2950 patients admitted for THA in the two orthopedic clinics of our hospital between 1 January 2015–1 March 2020 in comparison with 1005 THA subjects seen between 1 April 2020–31 December 2022. (3) Results: In the first period, THA with CHP was performed in 45.83% of cases, while CLHP was used in 54.16% of patients. During the COVID-19 period, CHP was inserted in 52% of THA patients, while the other 48% had CLHP inserted, with a hospitalization duration reduced by over 50% for both types of implants (p ˂ 0.001). (4) Conclusions: CHP offered good outcomes, with quicker mobilization, and shorter hospitalization duration, compared to CLHP, but optimization of the patients’ management can be achieved mainly by reducing the length of hospitalization through an appropriate preoperative patient evaluation through a multidisciplinary approach, an aspect that was proven during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quantum harmonic analysis on phase space

Relative to an irreducible representation of the canonical commutation relations, convolutions between quantum mechanical operators and between functions and operators are defined, for which the usual Weyl transform acts as a Fourier transform. Basic properties of these operations are developed in close analogy to harmonic analysis on R2n. Using the quantum version of Wiener’s approximation theorem, a natural one‐to‐one correspondence between the closed, phase‐space translation invariant subspaces of classical and quantum observables is established.
RGB-Guided Depth Map Recovery by Two-Stage Coarse-to-Fine Dense CRF Models

Depth maps generally suffer from large erroneous areas even in public RGB-Depth datasets. Existing learning-based depth recovery methods are limited by insufficient high-quality datasets and optimization-based methods generally depend on local contexts not to effectively correct large erroneous areas. This paper develops an RGB-guided depth map recovery method based on the fully connected conditional random field (dense CRF) model to jointly utilize local and global contexts of depth maps and RGB images. A high-quality depth map is inferred by maximizing its probability conditioned upon a low-quality depth map and a reference RGB image based on the dense CRF model. The optimization function is composed of redesigned unary and pairwise components, which constraint local structure and global structure of depth map, respectively, with the guidance of RGB image. In addition, the texture-copy artifacts problem is handled by two-stage dense CRF models in a coarse-to-fine way. A coarse depth map is first recovered by embedding RGB image in a dense CRF model in unit of $3\times 3$ blocks. It is refined afterward by embedding RGB image in another model in unit of individual pixels and restricting the model mainly work in discontinued regions. Extensive experiments on six datasets verify that the proposed method considerably outperforms a dozen of baseline methods in correcting erroneous areas and diminishing texture-copy artifacts of depth maps.
Summary of experimental core turbulence characteristics in ohmic and electron cyclotron resonance heated discharges in T-10 tokamak plasmas

This report summarizes the results of experimental turbulence investigations carried out at T-10 for more than 10 years. The turbulence characteristics were investigated using correlation reflectometry, multipin Langmuir probe (MLP) and heavy ion beam probe diagnostics. The reflectometry capabilities were analysed using 2D full-wave simulations and verified by direct comparison using a MLP. The ohmic and electron cyclotron resonance heated discharges show the distinct transition from the core turbulence, having complex spectral structure, to the unstructured one in the scrape-off layer. The core turbulence includes ‘broad band, quasi-coherent’ features, arising due to the excitation of rational surfaces with high poloidal m-numbers, with a low frequency near zero and specific oscillations at 15–30 kHz. All experimentally measured properties of low frequency and high frequency quasi-coherent oscillations are in good agreement with predictions of linear theory for the ion temperature gradient/dissipative trapped electron mode instabilities. Significant local changes in the turbulence characteristics were observed at the edge velocity shear layer and in the core near q = 1 radius after switching off the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). The local decrease in the electron heat conductivity and decrease in the turbulence level could be evidence of the formation of an electron internal transport barrier. The dynamic behaviour of the core turbulence was also investigated for the case of fast edge cooling and the beginning phase of ECRH.
Transformed and generalized localization for ensemble methods in data assimilation

The task of this paper is to study and analyse transformed localization and generalized localization for ensemble methods in data assimilation. Localization is an important part of ensemble methods such as the ensemble Kalman filter or square root filter. It guarantees a sufficient number of degrees of freedom when a small number of ensembles or particles, respectively, are used. However, when the observation operators under consideration are non‐local, the localization that is applicable to the problem can be severly limited, with strong effects on the quality of the assimilation step. Here, we study a transformation approach to change non‐local operators to local operators in transformed space, such that localization becomes applicable. We interpret this approach as a generalized localization and study its general algebraic formulation. Examples are provided for a compact integral operator and a non‐local Matrix observation operator to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and study the quality of the assimilation by transformation. In particular, we apply the approach to temperature profile reconstruction from infrared measurements given by the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) infrared sounder and show that the approach is feasible for this important data type in atmospheric analysis and forecasting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Burned area mapping in Mediterranean environment using medium-resolution multi-spectral data and a neuro-fuzzy classifier

In this study, we assess the performance of a self-organising neuro-fuzzy classifier for burned area mapping using multi-spectral satellite data. The proposed neuro-fuzzy model incorporates a multi-layered structure consisting of two types of nodes. The first type is a generic fuzzy neuron classifier (FNCs), whereas the second is solely a decision fusion operator. The Group Method of Data Handling algorithm is used for structure learning providing the model with self-organising attributes and feature selection capabilities. The resulting novel structure consists not only of layers of FNCs but also of layers with only decision fusion due to the nature of the burned area mapping problem. The algorithm is applied to an entire LANDSAT-5 TM multi-spectral image, acquired over central Greece shortly after the major wildfire events of the summer of 2007. In addition to the self-organising neuro-fuzzy classifier, the image data set was classified using neural networks, support vector machines and AdaBoost algorithms. In general, the neuro-fuzzy burned area map presented the highest overall accuracy (more than 95%) compared to the other methods. However, the differences were not statistically significant as suggested by the results of the McNemar's test.