Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Investments in Human Capital and its Effect on the Chances of Escaping from Low-paid Jobs: The Spanish Case

General education and training are major forces determining earnings. According to the human capital model, wage differentials among individuals over the life-cycle are largely the result of different patterns of investment in human capital. This paper is intended to analyze the effects of recent investments in human capital — general education, vocational/training or language courses on workers’ relative earnings and on the probability of making an upwards transition in the earnings distribution. The analysis is done for Spain, using the European Community Household Panel (1995-2001). Our results reveal that having been recently in education or training (mainly vocational/training courses) significantly increases the probability of escaping from low pay to better paid jobs, while decreases the risk of falling into low-wage employment. Furthermore, this positive effect is significantly higher among those workers with a third level of general education completed. A separate analysis for females also reveals these positive returns of recent investments in human capital relative earnings, although in this case they appear to be none statistically significant.
A Bayesian Framework for Online Nonconvex Optimization over Distributed Processing Networks

In many applications such as statistical machine learning, reinforcement learning, and optimization for large data centers, the increasing data size and model complexity have made it impractical to run optimizations over a single machine. Therefore, solving the distributed optimization problem has become an important task. In this work, we consider a distributed processing network $G = \left( {\mathcal{V},\mathcal{E}} \right)$ with n nodes, where each node i can only evaluate the values of a local function (i.e., has zeroth-order information) and can only communicate with its neighbors. The objective is to reach consensus on the global optimizer of ${\max _{x \in \mathcal{X}}}\frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {{f_i}(x)} $. Previous methods either assume first-order gradient information which is not suitable for many model-free learning scenarios, or consider the zeroth-order information but assume convexity of the objective functions and can only guarantee convergence to a stationary point for nonconvex objectives. To address these limitations, we drop both the known gradient assumption and convexity assumption. Instead, we propose a distributed Bayesian framework for the problem with only zeroth-order information and general nonconvex objective functions in a Matérn Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS). Under this framework, we propose an algorithm and show that with high probability it reaches consensus on all nodes and has a sublinear regret with regard to the global optimal. The results are validated under numerical studies.
Development of the SAPRC-07 chemical mechanism and updated ozone reactivity scales

A completely updated version of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism, designated SAPRC-07, has been developed and is documented in this report. This includes a complete update of the rate constants and reactions based on current data and evaluations, reformulated and less parameterized aromatics mechanisms, a representation of chlorine chemistry, a reformulated method to represent peroxy reactions that is more appropriate for modeling secondary organic aerosol formation, and improved representations for many types of VOCs. This mechanism was evaluated against the result of ~2400 environmental chamber experiments carried out in 11 different environmental chambers, including experiments to test mechanisms for over 120 types of VOCs. The performance of the mechanism in simulating the chamber data was comparable to SAPRC-99, with generally satisfactory results for most types of VOCs but some increases in biases in simulations of some mixture experiments. The mechanism was used to derive an update to the MIR and other ozone reactivity scales for almost 1100 types of VOCs. The average changes in relative MIR values was about 10%, with >90% of the VOCs having changes less than 30%, but with larger changes for some types of VOCs, including halogenated compounds. Recommendations are given for future mechanism development research. The mechanism documentation includes some large tabulations that are being provided only in electronic form. Links to downloading these tabulations are available at http://www.cert. ucr.edu/~carter /SAPRC.
Description of Acculturation Stress of Papuan Students who are ongoing Class at the University of Sumatra Utara

Papuan students who are ongoing class at the University of Sumatera Utara are Papua affirmation students and West Papua who had opportunity to continue their education into the State University through affirmation Scholarship Program of Higher Education in cooperation with The Ministry of Education and Culture and research and technology of Higher Education. In different cultures and new environment allow them to acculturate and in its process have variety of challenges, obstacles and difficulties experienced by Papua students. That is having adaptation to new potential culture lead acculturation stress. This study aims to know the acculturation stress of Papua students who are ongoing class at the University of North Sumatra. This study used descriptive design, with 56 Papua students as sample. This study used total sampling techniques and questionnaires as instrument. The result of this study showed that Papua students experienced acculturation stress in low category is 52 people (92.9%) and high category is 4 people (7.1%). This result expected to the University, particular for nursing education institutions to provide introduction about culture for new Papua students Affirmations and West Papua when have matriculation so that making them easier in adapting and to anticipate the acculturation stress.
Action plans for COPD: strategies to manage exacerbations and improve outcomes

: COPD is the third-largest killer in the world, and certainly takes a toll on the health care system. Recurrent COPD exacerbations accelerate lung-function decline, worsen mortality, and consume over US$50 billion in health care spending annually. This has led to a tide of pay-ment reforms eliciting interest in strategies reducing preventable COPD exacerbations. In this review, we analyze and discuss the evidence for COPD action plan-based self-management strategies. Although action plans may provide stabilization of acute symptomatology, there are several limitations. These include patient-centered attributes, such as comprehension and adherence, and nonadherence of health care providers to established guidelines. While no single intervention can be expected independently to translate into improved outcomes, structured together within a comprehensive integrated disease-management program, they may provide a robust paradigm.
Moving towards inclusion : a case study of one urban school in the Maldives

iv Chapter One: Introduction . 1 1.1 Purpose of the study . 2 1.2 The research context-Maldives . 4 1.1.1Education in the Maldives . 5 1.1.2 Some factors that support inclusive education in Maldives . 7 1.1.3 Some factors that challenge inclusive education in Maldives . 11 1.3 Organization of the thesis . 13 Chapter two: Literature Review . 15 2.
A Reinforcement Learning Model of Temporal Difference Variations for Action-Selection and Action-Execution in the Human Brain

Temporal difference (TD) prediction error signal models are instrumental in simulating brain function during reinforcement learning (RL). Recent evidence suggests a significant role of TD prediction error signals in the action-selection and action-execution brain networks. We introduce a novel neuro-computational model that addresses the effects of temporal difference error signal variations on reinforcement learning for action-selection and action-execution networks. These networks represent the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex brain regions, while the TD prediction error signal represents the dopamine neurotransmitter. The model incorporates dopamine genetic parameters in the two networks (COMT gene for action-selection; DAT1 gene for action-execution) to generate four different parameter combinations. The model simulation showed that TD signaling in both networks plays a significant role in RL under optimal conditions of medium, not high, TD signals. Moreover, each parameter combination showed a unique pattern of RL, corresponding with experimental data obtained using a computer-based RL task.
Desmopressin as a Treatment in Patients With Von Willebrand Disease: A Systematic Review

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) and hemophilia A are the most common inherited bleeding disorders. Quantitative or qualitative von Willebrand factor (VWF) anomalies cause this disorder in men and women. VWF, a plasma glycoprotein, relies on platelets for primary hemostasis. It also carries and stabilizes factor VIII in the blood. VWD has several categories. Types 1 and 3 have partial or total VWF quantitative deficiencies. However, type 2 and its subtypes have VWF quality issues. The major treatment is desmopressin (DDAVP), which replaces endogenous VWF and factor VIII (FVIII). Plasma-derived VWF/FVIII products may also be substituted exogenously. Treatment with plasma-derived or recombinant VWF concentrates without FVIII is also possible. The purpose of this retrospective, single-center research was to evaluate DDAVP's efficacy in treating VWD based on many criteria established in the current literature. We looked at the results on Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and PubMed/Medline. There were a total of 10 papers found, evaluated, and accepted for inclusion in this study. A comprehensive analysis of DDVAP's role in VWD was compiled from the aforementioned papers. Various aspects of DDVAP were captured by including an analysis of complementary treatments used in surgical and clinical settings. We also describe the treatment's intended impact on the different variations of the disease. Given these results, further investigation is required to determine the most effective method for managing VWD so that it may be included in standard clinical practice.
The Application of 3base™ Technology to Diagnose Eight of the Most Clinically Important Gastrointestinal Protozoan Infections

Globally, over 3.5 billion people are infected with intestinal parasites each year, resulting in over 200,000 deaths. Three of the most common protozoan pathogens that affect the gastrointestinal tract of humans are Cryptosporidium spp. , Giardia intestinalis, and Entamoeba histolytica. Other protozoan agents that have been implicated in gastroenteritis in humans include Cyclospora cayetanensis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Blastocystis hominis, and the microsporidia Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis. Genetic Signatures previously developed a 3base™ multiplexed Real-Time PCR (mRT-PCR) enteric protozoan kit (EP001) for the detection of Giardia intestinalis/lamblia/duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. , E. histolytica, D. fragilis, and B. hominis. We now describe improvements to this kit to produce a more comprehensive assay, including C. cayetanensis, E. bieneusi, and E. intestinalis, termed EP005. The clinical performance of EP005 was assessed using a set of 380 clinical samples against a commercially available PCR test and other in-house nucleic acid amplification tests where commercial tests were not available. All methods provided at least 90% agreement. EP005 had no cross-reactivity against 82 organisms commonly found in the gut. The EP005 method streamlines the detection of gastrointestinal parasites and addresses the many challenges of traditional microscopic detection, resulting in cost savings and significant improvements in patient care.
Interactive, Visual-Learning based Tool for Hearing Impaired Children to Improve Language and Cognitive Skills

Hearing impairment is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, with approximately 1 in 1000 newborns experiencing some degree of hearing loss. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, causing communication difficulties and social isolation. Early childhood hearing impairment can present significant challenges to a child's cognitive development, making it difficult for them to learn in a traditional educational setting. Consequently, there is an urge for effective learning tools that can assist hearing-impaired children in learning their first language. This paper introduces visual-based and interactive learning tools as a promising approach to enhancing the learning experience and engagement of hearing-impaired children. The proposed system utilizes machine learning to assess a child's initial status and subsequently generates adaptive content while continuously monitoring progress. Moreover, the system incorporates an object exploration feature that enables children to learn from their surroundings. Additionally, it employs natural language learning processes to present contextually similar content, supported by audio and lip movement analysis features that guide correct pronunciation. In response to the ML models utilized, object detection was accomplished through YOLO5, while lip movements were analyzed using LipNet. Regression models were deployed for assessing a child's initial status and subsequent progress. The data collection process involved comprehensive sources that covered a wide array of visual, auditory, and linguistic elements, with the dataset being rigorously tested and verified. Testing implementations were conducted in various real-world settings, encompassing diverse environmental factors and learning conditions. The YOLO model demonstrated an accuracy of 90.3%, LipNet achieved 92.2% accuracy in lip movement analysis, and the multivariate regression models showed a prediction accuracy of 92.8% in evaluating child progress.
Sequential Farkas lemmas for convex systems

In this paper we introduce two new versions of Farkas lemma for two kinds of convex systems in locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces which hold without any constraint qualification conditions. These versions hold in the limits and will be called sequential Farkas lemmas. Concretely, we establish sequential Farkas lemmas for cone-convex systems and for systems which are convex with respect to a sublinear function. The first result extends some known ones in the literature while the second is a new one.
"My Javelin Throw" Android-based Javelin Throw Learning Application

This research is motivated by the need for a new learning model with different and engaging learning media, particularly in javelin throwing education. The aim of this research is to create an Android-based learning media for javelin throw. The method in this research is Research and Development (R&D). The subjects and location of this research are 11th-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Bantarbolang, Pemalang Regency. In the small-scale research, the sample consists of 21 11th-grade students, while in the large-scale research, the sample consists of 272 11th-grade students. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire as the instrument. The quantitative data analysis technique in this research utilizes descriptive statistical analysis. The final validation results from media experts indicate that all aspects are rated as "Good" with a score of 78%. Meanwhile, the final validation from subject matter experts indicates that all aspects are rated as "Excellent" with a score of 82%. According to the data analysis results in the small-scale trial, the percentage obtained is 86.17%.
Risk factors for calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity after renal transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis chronic lesions. 4–6 Surveillance of posttransplantation CNI nephrotoxicity Available diagnostic methods

Background: Nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) is the major concern for long-term allograft survival despite its predominant role in current immunosuppressive regime after renal transplantation. CNI nephrotoxicity is multifactorial with demographic, environmental, and pharmacogenetic flexibility, whereas studies indicating risk factors for CNI nephrotoxicity obtained incomplete or conflicting results. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for CNI nephrotoxicity was performed on all retrieved studies through a comprehensive research of network database. Data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 with heterogeneity assessed using the Cochrane Q and I 2 tests. CNI nephrotoxicity was primarily indicated with protocol biopsy or index-based clinical diagnosis, and the secondary outcome was defined as delayed graft function. Results: Twelve observational studies containing a total of 2,849 cases were identified. Donor age (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03; p = 0.02), recipient zero-time arteriosclerosis (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04–1.99; p = 0.03), and CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.63–2.98; p = 0.00) were confirmed as risk factors for CNI nephrotoxicity. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis claimed donor age as a significant contributor in Asian and Caucasian areas. Conclusion: Older donor age, recipient zero-time arteriosclerosis, and CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype might add up the risk for CNI nephrotoxicity, which could be interpreted into a robust biomarker system.
The Association between the Gut Microbiome and Development and Progression of Cancer Treatment Adverse Effects

Simple Summary Treatment of cancer can cause a multitude of unwanted effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue, cognition changes and weight loss. We also know that the microbiome of the gut can be altered by cancer treatments. In this review we investigated the existing evidence from human studies that supported a link between changes in the gut microbiome and the occurrence of the unwanted effect. We found that whilst there is some evidence linking gut microbiome and nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, more research with people undergoing cancer treatment is required to expand our understanding and to investigate if modulation of the gut microbiome can be an effective treatment for unwanted effects. Abstract Adverse effects are a common consequence of cytotoxic cancer treatments. Over the last two decades there have been significant advances in exploring the relationship between the gut microbiome and these adverse effects. Changes in the gut microbiome were shown in multiple clinical studies to be associated with the development of acute gastrointestinal adverse effects, including diarrhoea and mucositis. However, more recent studies showed that changes in the gut microbiome may also be associated with the long-term development of psychoneurological changes, cancer cachexia, and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the literature to identify potential contributions and associations of the gut microbiome with the wide range of adverse effects from cytotoxic cancer treatments.
Comparison of live and fixed cell-based assay performance: implications for the diagnosis of MOGAD in a low-middle income country

Background Though considered optimal, live cell-based assay (LCBA) is often unavailable for the diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) in resource-poor regions. This study was undertaken to determine the agreement between LCBA and the widely available fixed cell-based assay (FCBA), for recommending testing guidelines within our region. Method All consecutive patients in our registry with a MOGAD phenotype were tested. The results from a commercially available FCBA (Euroimmun, Germany) were compared with a validated “in-house” LCBA. Clinical and MRI data were available for correlation. Results Among the 257 patient samples tested, 118 (45.9%) were positive by FCBA titre ≥1: 10 and or LCBA titres ≥1: 160 titre and 139 samples were negative. There was robust agreement between the two assays (agreement 98.8%, Cohen’s kappa 0.98 [95% CI- 0.95-1.00], Spearman correlation 0.97 (p < 0.0001). Among five discordant samples, four had clinical and or MRI data which supported an alternate diagnosis. There was a modest correlation between assay titres, particularly for samples with titres ≥ 1:100 in FCBA (Spearman’s Rho 0.26, p 0.005). Thirty samples were positive by FCBA at < 1:100 titre and included 1:80 (20),1:40(7) and 1:10 (3) titres. Among them, 80% had clear positive titres when tested by LCBA. Conclusion The FCBA tested with serum dilutions of 1:10 was highly predictive of MOGAD in our study and compared well with our “in-house” LCBA. The current recommendations for testing at higher dilutions need to be re-examined in light of our findings. The results of our study should ideally be replicated in a larger dataset but at the same time provide some guidance for the accurate diagnosis of MOGAD in resource-poor settings.
Abundance And Active Patch Selection Modulate Reproductive Connectivity And Fitness of Pea Crabs Living On Sand Dollars

Connectivity is paramount for population stability, but the mechanisms underlying the distribution of populated patches and how they affect reproductive connectivity and individual fitness remain elusive. Here, we mapped the distribution of sand dollars – as habitat patches for obligate-commensal pea crabs – at several sites. At occupied patches, we assessed whole-crab population structure and the fitness of ovigerous females. While sand-dollar supply did not limit the size of crab populations, overall crab abundance limited reproductive connectivity and the potential for offspring production. However, except for sites of extremely low and high connectivity, crab aggregations at sand-dollar clusters countervailed the overall random distribution of sand-dollar populations, greatly enhancing the reproductive potential of whole-crab populations. Crab interactions, likely controlled by larger females, added to reproductive connectivity by increasing the frequency of mating pairs in hosts. Differently from the population-level case, effects of crab abundance on individual fitness were dual and only detectable when abundance was lowest (positive) or highest (negative), so that fitness remained high at intermediate crab abundance, decreasing when it became either too low (e.g. Allee effects) or too high (e.g. energetic costs of intraspecific competition). This study indicates that connectivity may affect different levels of biological organization in specific ways.
Incorporating ecosystem goods and services in environmental planning – definitions, classification and operational approaches

Abstract : There has been interest for several decades in assessing the benefits that humans derive from naturally functioning ecosystems. While the notion of ecosystem goods and services benefiting humans is not entirely new, it has become increasingly formalized for consideration in environmental policy analysis. It is closely tied to concepts in ecosystem-based management of natural resources. The authors intent in this technical note is to lay the foundation for a framework that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) can use to incorporate consideration of ecosystem goods and services in water resource project planning and management; the authors also seek to identify any research needs to accommodate that goal. This technical note and the corresponding literature review and report are the first products in a series of publications for the Incorporating Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) in Environmental Planning Work Unit. Subsequent related products researching policies, data and tools, interagency coordination and an assessment framework are in progress, and will be released over the next few years.