Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Temporal Atrophy and Episodic Memory Is Moderated by Education in a Multi-Center Memory Clinic Sample

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is hypothesized to partially explain the discrepancy between Alzheimer’s disease related brain pathology and cognitive performance. Educational attainment is often used as a proxy for CR. Objective: To examine the association of years of education and the relationship between atrophy in the medial temporal lobe and episodic memory, in a cross-sectional ecological multi-center memory clinic cohort. Methods: Included patients (n = 702) had undergone memory clinic examination and were diagnosed with subjective cognitive impairment (n = 99), mild cognitive impairment (n = 471), or dementia (n = 132). Total years of education were used as a moderating variable and neuropathology was operationalized as visual ratings of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) on magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography images. Weighted least squares regression and multiple regression were used to analyze moderation and the effect of education separately by diagnostic group. A composite score of two episodic memory tests constituted the dependent variable. Results: After controlling for age and gender the interaction term between MTA and years of education was significant indicating moderation. In particular, the regression model showed that at low levels of MTA, high education individuals had better episodic memory performance. However, at higher MTA levels, high education individuals had the lowest episodic memory performance. Education had a significant positive effect on episodic memory in SCI and MCI, but not dementia. Conclusion: These results extend the findings of education moderating the effect of MTA on cognition to a naturalistic memory clinic setting. Implications of the findings for theories on CR are discussed.
On special generic maps into R3

Let f : M → R be a smooth map of a closed n-dimensional manifold M into R (n ≥ p) which has only definite fold singularities as its singular points. Such a map is called a special generic map, which was first defined by Burlet and de Rham for (n, p) = (3, 2) and later extended to general (n, p) by Porto, Furuya, Sakuma and Saeki. In this paper, we study the global topology of such maps for p = 3 and give various new results, among which are a splitting theorem for manifolds admitting special generic maps into R and a classification theorem of 4and 5-dimensional manifolds with free fundamental groups admitting special generic maps into R. Furthermore, we study the topological structure of the surfaces which arise as the singular set of a special generic map into R on a given manifold.
Clinical guidance on the contemporary use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies

There is now significant evidence for the benefits of lowering low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Although statins are the most widely prescribed lipid‐lowering therapy that effectively lower LDL‐c, especially in combination with ezetimibe, some patients require adjunctive therapy to further lower LDL‐c and mitigate attendant risk of ASCVD. The gap can be filled by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibodies whose use is currently supported by two recent cardiovascular outcome studies and new treatment guidelines. We provide an overview of extant studies investigating PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies in various patient populations, an update of the guidelines regarding their use and a case‐based discussion.
The Major Storage Protein in Potato Tuber Is Mobilized by a Mechanism Dependent on Its Phosphorylation Status

The role of the protein phosphorylation mechanism in the mobilization of vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) is totally unknown. Patatin is the major VSP of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber that encompasses multiple differentially phosphorylated isoforms. In this study, temporal changes in the phosphorylation status of patatin isoforms and their involvement in patatin mobilization are investigated using phosphoproteomic methods based on targeted two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). High-resolution 2-DE profiles of patatin isoforms were obtained in four sequential tuber life cycle stages of Kennebec cultivar: endodormancy, bud break, sprouting and plant growth. In-gel multiplex identification of phosphorylated isoforms with Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein-specific stain revealed an increase in the number of phosphorylated isoforms after the tuber endodormancy stage. In addition, we found that the phosphorylation status of patatin isoforms significantly changed throughout the tuber life cycle (P < 0.05) using the chemical method of protein dephosphorylation with hydrogen fluoride-pyridine (HF-P) coupled to 2-DE. More specifically, patatin phosphorylation increased by 32% from endodormancy to the tuber sprouting stage and subsequently decreased together with patatin degradation. Patatin isoforms were not randomly mobilized because highly phosphorylated Kuras-isoforms were preferably degraded in comparison to less phosphorylated non-Kuras isoforms. These results lead us to conclude that patatin is mobilized by a mechanism dependent on the phosphorylation status of specific isoforms.
Ethylene Adsorption Using Cobalt Oxide-Loaded Polymer-Derived Nanoporous Carbon and Its Application to Extend Shelf Life of Fruit

Suppressing the amount of ethylene during storage has been of interest as a method to enhance shelf life of fruit. In this work, ethylene removal by adsorption using cobalt oxide-impregnated nanoporous carbon has been studied. Nanoporous carbon with a high surface area up to 2400 m2 g−1 was prepared by carbonization process biomass and synthetic polymer at 850 °C. Dispersion of cobalt oxide on porous carbon surface was carried out by an incipient wetness procedure followed by calcination process at 200 °C. Ethylene adsorption test was performed using a volumetric method in an ultrahigh vacuum rig constructed by Swagelok VCR® fittings. The results showed that the cobalt oxide/carbon system had significant ethylene adsorption capacity. Ethylene uptake increases with the increasing cobalt oxide loading on the carbon. The highest ethylene capacity of 16 mol kg−1 adsorbent was obtained by using 30 wt. % (weight percentage) of cobalt oxide dispersed in polymer-derived carbon. In closed storage, the ratio of 15 g adsorbent/kg fruit may extend the storage life up to 12 d, higher than that without adsorbent (3 d). Therefore, the results demonstrate the great potential use of cobalt oxide-impregnated nanoporous carbon as an adsorbent for ethylene removal during storage of fruit.
Stability of thin-shell structures and imperfection sensitivity analysis with the Asymptotic Numerical Method

This paper is concerned with stability behaviour and imperfection sensitivity of thin elastic shells. The aim is to determine the reduction of the critical buckling load as a function of the imperfection amplitude. For this purpose, the direct calculation of the so-called fold line connecting all the limit points of the equilibrium branches when the imperfection varies is performed. This fold line is the solution of an extended system demanding the criticality of the equilibrium. The Asymptotic Numerical Method is used as an alternative to Newton-like incremental-iterative procedures for solving this extended system. It results in a very robust and efficient path-following algorithm that takes the singularity of the tangent stiffness matrix into account. Two specific types of imperfections are detailed and several numerical examples are discussed.
Antimicrobial Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract on Foodborne Pathogens in Ground Beef

Consumers nowadays are becoming more aware of the importance of using only meat products containing safe and natural additives. Hence, using natural food additives for extending the shelf life of meat along with delaying microbial growth has become an urgent issue. Given the increasingly popular view of Moringa oleifera leaves as a traditional remedy and also the scarcity of published data concerning its antimicrobial effect against foodborne pathogens in meat and meat products, we designed the present study to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) on ground beef during refrigerated storage at 4 °C for 18 days. MLE revealed potent antimicrobial properties against spoilage bacteria, such as aerobic plate count and Enterobacteriaceae count. MLE 2% showed a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the counts of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus artificially inoculated to ground beef by 6.54, 5.35, and 5.40 log10 CFU/g, respectively, compared to control, by the 18th day of storage. Moringa leaves extract (MLE) had no adverse effect on the overall acceptability and other sensory attributes; moreover, it induced a slight improvement in the tenderness and juiciness of treated ground beef, compared to the control. Therefore, MLE can be used as a healthy, natural, and safe preservative to increase meat products’ safety, quality, and shelf stability during cold storage. A promising approach for using natural food additives rather than chemical preservatives could begin new frontiers in the food industry, as they are more safe and do not constitute health risks to consumers.
Internet Gaming Disorder: An Interplay of Cognitive Psychopathology

Introduction: Internet addiction is currently considered a worldwide problem, with a possible impact on mental health. Young adults are recognized to be at high risk of developing Internet gaming disorder (IGD). According to a recent clinical model, young adults with IGD may endorse a distinct set of maladaptive beliefs that underlie persistent and excessive engagement in Internet gaming activities. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of problematic gaming beliefs and psychological distress in a sample of “Indian Young Adults” with and without IGD. Methods: The research is descriptive in nature, conducted during the month of April 2022–May 2022 on a sample of 306 young adults (185 males and 121 females) recruited from multiple universities. A Google form survey that included validated measures of IGDs, Internet gaming cognition, and psychological distress were distributed on various online platforms for collecting the data. Results: According to the findings, young adults with IGD report significantly higher maladaptive gaming beliefs (t = 16.199, P < 0.001) and psychological distress (depression - t = 12.11. P = < 0.001 and anxiety/stress - t = 10.95, P = < 0.001) than young adults without IGD. The size of observed effects was large for cognition (Cohen's d = 2.14), depression (Cohen's d = 2.14), and anxiety/stress (Cohen's d = 1.96). The sample also reported strong correlation between IGD symptoms and gaming cognitions (P = <0.001). Further hierarchical regression analysis revealed depression variables as a significant predictors in the final model (β = 0.212, P = 0.002, confidence interval [CI] = 0.219–0.944) and overvaluation (β = 0.196, P = 0.020, CI = 0.048–0.545), maladaptive rules (β = 0.334, P = 0.003, CI = 0.117–0.551), and gaming social acceptance (β = 0.272, P = 0.001, CI = 0.190–0.693) as the three strongest cognition predictors of IGD symptoms. Conclusion: These findings indicate that young adults with IGD have distinct problematic thoughts about gaming and highlight the importance of addressing these cognitions in therapeutic interventions for the disorder.
Magnetic resonance findings of Stewart–Treves Syndrome in primary limb lymphedema compared with pathology: A retrospective single-center study

Background Stewart–Treves Syndrome in Primary Limb Lymphedema (STS-PLE) is an extremely rare malignant tumor. A retrospective analysis was conducted to elucidate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and signs compared to pathology. Methods Seven patients with STS-PLE were enrolled at Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 2008 to March 2022. All cases were examined by MRI. The surgical specimens were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical staining for CD31, CD34, D2-40, and Ki-67. Results There were two different types of MRI findings. One was mass shape (STS-PLE I type) in three male patients, and the other was the “trash ice” d sign (STS-PLE II type) observed in four female patients. The average duration of lymphedema (DL) of STS-PLE I type (18 months) was shorter than that of STS-PLE II type (31 months). The prognosis for the STS-PLE I type was worse than that for the STS-PLE II type. Regarding overall survival (OS), the STS-PLE I type (17.3 months) was three times shorter than that of the STS-PLE II type (54.5 months). For STS-PLE I type, the older the STS-PLE onset, the shorter the OS. However, there was no significant correlation in STS-PLE II type. MRI was compared to histological results to provide an explanation for the differences in MR signal changes, especially on T2WI. Against a background of dense tumor cells, the richer the lumen of immature vessels and clefts, the higher the T2WI MRI signal (taking muscle signal as the internal reference standard) and the worse the prognosis, and vice versa. We also found that younger patients with a lower Ki-67 index (<16%) had better OS, especially for the STS-PLE I type. Those with stronger positive expression of CD31 or CD34 had shorter OS. However, the expression of D2-40 was positive in nearly all cases, and seemed not to be associated with prognosis. Conclusions In lymphedema, the richer the lumen of immature vessels and clefts based on dense tumor cells, the higher the T2WI signal on the MRI. In adolescent patients, the tumor often showed a “trash ice” sign (STS-PLE II-type) and prognosis was better than for the STS-PLE I type. While in middle-aged and older patients, tumors showed a mass shape (STS-PLE I type). The expression of immunohistochemical indicators (CD31, CD34, and KI-67) correlated with clinical prognosis, especially decreased Ki-67 expression. In this study, we determined it was possible to predict prognosis comparing MRI findings with pathological results.
The Exact Error In Estimating The Spectral Density At The Origin

Abstract. This paper derives expressions for the exact bias and variance of a general class of spectral density estimators at the zero frequency, building on the work of Neave (The exact error in spectrum estimates. Ann. Math. Statist. 42 (1971), 961–75) who studied the case where the mean of the series is assumed known. These expressions are evaluated for 15 different windows and for a wide variety of stationary time series. The exact error of the estimators is found to depend on whether the sample mean has to be estimated, and some windows are noticeably inferior at certain values of the bandwidth. A response surface analysis reveals that the finite sample relationships between the bandwidth and the exact error are quite different from the ones suggested by asymptotic theory.
Development of Low-Cost Electrospinning to Fabricate Structured Nanofiber for Biomedical Designs with Manageable Flowrate and Voltage

Electrospinning is the most popular method that uses in nanofiber production. However, the budget to purchase this tool in the market is expensive. This article reports how to build electrospinning at a lesser cost. There are three main components in electrospinning that will be broken down regarding how to build it. First, the Syringe pump creates machinery to push the liquid in the syringe creating a Taylor cone affected by high voltage. Second, a high voltage power supply occurs electrostatic force. Third, the collector gathers nanofiber products. This machine has cost Rp 3.168. 822 or $220,26. This number is less than the shop production or the previous report to create low-cost electrospinning. To make sure that this method successfully creates nanofiber. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is conducted and the result shows that the fiber size is 719±0,06 nanometers. Moreover, the flow rate and the voltage also have been assessed resulting that they are in a controllable manner by showing a linear profile. In this article, the budget is shared to declare that this electrospinning is more affordable. Hopefully, this report could help researchers who intend to build electrospinning at the lab scale to develop their research in nanofiber products with less cost
Spectral Diffusion Decay in Spin Resonance Experiments

In spin resonance experiments random flipping by ${T}_{1}$ or ${T}_{2}$ processes of nearby, nonresonant spins introduces fluctuations into the precessional frequency of the observed spins. These fluctuations may be described by means of a stochastic model, and for wide classes of both Markoffian and non-Markoffian distributions we make predictions for the line shape, for the free induction decay, and for various spin-echo signals. If the homogeneous broadening of the line is due to a dipolar interaction term, then we find that the conditional distribution for the precessional frequency has the shape of a Lorentzian with a cutoff on the wings, rather than a Gaussian shape as commonly assumed. The causes and consequences of Lorentzian diffusion are analyzed in detail for samples in which ${T}_{1}$ processes control the source of local frequency fluctuations and for samples in which ${T}_{2}$ processes dominate. Recent two- and three-pulse spin-echo experiments of Mims et al. dramatically confirm the predictions of Lorentzian diffusion for electron paramagnetic resonances in samples with temperature-dependent diffusion, as well as with temperature-independent diffusion. "Instantaneous" diffusion caused by the action of the applied pulses is predicted by our model and explains features of Mims' data. The generality of our principal results still permits the outcome of various resonance experiments to be predicted, even when a simple dipolar interaction is no longer an adequate model.
A multi-level analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance: The importance of interpersonal justice climate

Although job satisfaction—an indicator of employees’ happiness at work—is thought to contribute to higher job performance, past research findings have been inconsistent, suggesting that there could be important contextual factors that moderate this relationship. This study aims to revisit this important relationship by drawing attention to the role of supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate as an important social context that may moderate the effect of job satisfaction on job performance (i.e., task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors). Based on a multi-source sample of 192 individuals in 40 teams from a large public organization in Thailand, the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses revealed that when interpersonal justice climate was high, job satisfaction did not contribute significantly to job performance. However, when interpersonal justice climate was low, the influence of job satisfaction became significant. These findings lend support for a compensatory model in which job performance only suffers when both factors are low.
Use of 4β‐Hydroxycholesterol Plasma Concentrations as an Endogenous Biomarker of CYP3A Activity: Clinical Validation in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes

The relevance of endogenous 4β‐hydroxycholesterol (4β‐OHC) plasma concentrations or of the 4β‐OHC/total cholesterol concentration ratio (4β‐OHC ratio) as surrogate markers of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) activity was evaluated in individuals with (n = 38) or without (n = 35) type 2 diabetes (T2D). Midazolam was used as a comparator to validate exploratory measures of phenotypic CYP3A activity. Metabolic ratios of orally administered midazolam in nondiabetic and diabetic populations correlated significantly with 4β‐OHC (rs = 0.64 and 0.48; P ≤ 0.003) and 4β‐OHC ratio (rs = 0.69 and 0.46; P ≤ 0.003), respectively. Activity of CYP3A was lower in the T2D population compared with nondiabetic subjects; this decrease was reflected in 4β‐OHC concentrations (24.33 vs. 12.58 ng/mL; P < 0.0001) and 4β‐OHC ratio (0.13 vs. 0.09 (× 104); P < 0.0002). These results suggest that 4β‐OHC should be considered as a valid, convenient, and easy to use endogenous biomarker of CYP3A activity in patients.
Role of Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase (Ch25h) in Mediating Innate Immune Responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are long-lived tissue-resident innate immune cells of the airways. AM are key effectors of recognition, initiation, and resolution of the host defense against microbes and play an essential role in mediating host responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Lipid metabolism in AM can significantly impact cellular function and biology. Dysregulated metabolism contributes to an accumulation of lipids, unfolded protein response induction, and inflammatory cytokine production. Our study was designed to investigate the impact of Ch25h on mediating innate immune responses by macrophages during S. pneumoniae infection. Using wild-type and Ch25−/− mice, we examined the role of cholesterol metabolism on inflammatory cytokine production and bacterial clearance. Our results demonstrate that Ch25h plays an important role in the initiation and intensity of cytokine and chemokine production in the lung during S. pneumoniae infection. In the absence of Ch25h, there was enhanced phagocytosis and bacterial clearance. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the important role of Ch25h in modulating host responsiveness to S. pneumoniae infection.
THE IONIZED STRUCTURE OF THE LOCAL SPUR

The distribution of the H166α radio recombination line emission at the end of the first quadrant is obtained and compared with the distribution of H i and other young objects. The data analyzed lie in the Galactic longitude range between l = 60° and l = 91° and was observed with single dish antenna at 1.4 GHz. The extended low-density warm ionized medium (ELDWIM) is used to trace the Local Spur (LS), which is strongly correlated with neutral hydrogen and low-brightness H ii regions. The Galactic distribution of gas in the (X, Y, z) Galactic coordinates yields the location of ionized hydrogen in an arclike structure at an almost constant distance of 8 kpc from the galactic center. The ELDWIM and the low-brightness H ii region define the LS; it is located between r ≃ 0.5 and 5 kpc from the Sun. We found sources of ionized gas at larger distances; they are probably located in the Perseus arm. The structure of the LS does not seem to join the Perseus arm at farther distances, a fact gleaned from the H i emission. The LS is very thick between 2 and 5 kpc, where the ionized gas spreads from z ≃ −150 to +250 pc. The z distribution of the ionized gas appears tilted with respect to the Galactic plane, which starts at 3 kpc from the Sun and runs toward higher galactocentric radii on the Perseus arm.