Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRY OF ODONTOID PROCESS OF AXIS VERTEBRA AMONG THE NORTH INDIAN POPULATION: AN ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY

Background: At the atlanto-axial joint, the head revolves around the pivot formed by the axis vertebra. The odontoid process (OP) is a blunt, rod-like projection on it. Seven to twenty percent of cervical spine fractures are odontoid fractures. Consequently, knowledge of the odontoid process's (dens) morphology and morphometry is necessary for complex spinal surgical procedures including laminectomy, decompression of spinal cord that requires placement of screws, hence the current investigation intended to assess the morphometry and morphology of the odontoid process of Axis vertebrae. Materials and Methods: 50 dried human axis vertebrae of Indian origin, available in the Department of Anatomy, SHKM Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana were studied. Linear measurements were recorded using vernier caliper. Result: The Shape of odontoid were lordosis in 66%, kyphosis in 4% and straight in 30%. The shape of the Anterior odontoid facet were observed to be vertically elliptical in 82% and 18% were Oval shaped. The posterior odontoid facet shape was horizontally elliptical in 60% and Round in 40%. The mean odontoid process height was 19.63±2.01 mm, the mean odontoid process diameter was 10.77±2.07 mm, the mean anterior odontoid facet height and the mean anterior odontoid facet width were found to be 11.70±1.70 mm and 8.01±0.76 mm respectively. The maximum and minimum mean widths of the odontoid process ranged 9.60±1.00 mm and 8.03±0.84 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The knowledge of these parameters can help in planning surgical fixation of odontoid process fracture and in designing the screws and prosthesis required.
Changes of river system and new tectonic movement in north China mountainous area

significant changes had taken place in the river system in north China mountain area.They happened mainly in the early stage of Early Pleistocene and the early stage of Late Pleistocene,secondly in Early Holocene and Late Holocene.The main form of change was river erosion and capture from the up reach to the lower reach,and the capture site moved toward the lower reach;second is the obstruction and inducement of downfaulted basin.The changes mostly were the rivers in west-east direction captured the river in north-south direction,and made river change its riverway toward east.At present,many rivers are still on capturing.Hence,the river system's change in north China was controlled strictly by the new tectonic movement,and mainly by the movement of blocks' difference.The direction of river system's change may be relevant to the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the quick rising of Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain in the Quaternary period.
Microbiome dynamics in resistant and susceptible colonies throughout thermal bleaching and recovery support host speci�city, phenotypic variability, but common microbial consortia modulating stress responses in different coral species in Hawai’i

scenarios of global warming. Differentially abundant microbial taxa across time and/or bleaching susceptibility were broadly shared between all hosts, suggesting that locally, the same microbes may modulate stress responses in sympatric coral species. Our study highlights the potential of investigating microbial balances to identify ne-scale microbiome changes, serving as local diagnostic tools of coral reef �tness.
Day 3 embryo morphology are critical predictors for euploid blastocyst

Purpose: To determine whether day 3 or day 1 embryo morphologic grading affected euploid blastocyst rate in PGT cycle. Methods: 2001 embryos were obtained from 219 patients in our IVF center. Embryo morphologic grading dates were collected on day 1 and day 3 respectively. Blastocyst trophectoderm biopsy were considered on day 5 or day 6 and then applied biopsies for aneuploid screening on NGS platform. Chi-square test, Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables between the cohorts, respectively. Logistic regressions analysis for euploidy were constructed to determine the in�uence of embryo morphological grading on blastocyst euploidy. Results: 811 blastocysts were able to biopsy and all the biopsies were successfully ampli�ed for aneuploidy screening. Day 1 pronuclear pattern shown weak association with euploid blastocyst (P(cid:0)0.05). Day 3 cleavage-stage embryo scoring, including blastomere number (P(cid:0)0.01, OR=1.156), symmetry (P(cid:0)0.01, OR=0.710) and fragmentation (P(cid:0)0.01, OR=0.624) shown association with euploid blastocyst. 8 cells or ≥ 12 cells embryo obtained highest euploidy rate and Increasing blastomere size difference and fragmentation decreased euploidy rate . Conclusion(s): Day 3, but not day 1 embryo morphology were suitable predictors for euploid blastocyst. Day 3 morphology provides individualized, visualized and prognostic information about euploid blastocyst. Blastomere number are given properties when selecting day 3 embryo for implantation or blastocyst culturing. So, day 3 embryo Morphology provides guiding for selecting euploid embryo and improving IVF outcomes.
ATTITUDE AND COMPETENCE TO USE MADRASATI (M LMS) AMONG SCHOOL TEACHERS IN RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA

Attitude and competence are two factors that affect the acceptance and utilization of new technology in education. In this regard, the full utilization of the new Madrasati (M) technology among teachers in public schools in Riyadh is still challenging. Thus, this study aimed to determine the moderating effect of gender and age on the relationship between teachers’ attitudes and competence in utilizing M LMS technology in public schools in Riyadh, as mediated by behavioral intention. The survey method and quantitative approach were employed. Data were collected from 374 teachers out of the population of 13,782 teachers in schools implementing M LMS in Riyadh. The finding of the tested model showed a potential positive mediation role of BI on attitude (ATT) and competence (COM) to use M LMS among public school teachers in Riyadh. The overall mean showed that ATT1 was high among the eight items used after CFA testing, while ATT11 had the lowest mean score. Among the seven items used for CFA testing, COM18 had the highest mean score. The results also indicated that the utilization of M LMS is high among teachers. They visit M LMS three times a week and spend between 61–90 minutes per visit. The finding also revealed the direct effect of COM over ATT on M LMS utilization through mediator BI. The relationship between ATT and M LMS, as moderated by gender and age, is statistically insignificant, suggesting that ATT has no significant moderating effect on M LMS utilization among teachers. Meanwhile, COM to use M LMS positively and significantly affects M LMS acceptance and utilization in Riyadh. In conclusion, the COM to use M LMS plays a more crucial role in accepting and utilizing public school teachers in Riyadh than their ATT. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies use a longitudinal design to obtain more accurate findings.
Acidobacteria on Dilute Solid Media Recovery of As-Yet-Uncultured Soil

A growing number of Acidobacteria strains have been isolated from environments worldwide, with most isolates derived from acidic samples and afﬁliated with subdivision 1. We recovered 18 Acidobacteria strains from an alkaline soil, among which 11 belonged to the previously uncultured subdivision 6. Various medium formulations were tested for their effects on Acidobacteria growth.
ATENA Series Intracranial Aneurysms: Analysis of the Endovascular Treatment of Unruptured Immediate Anatomic Results after the

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A precise analysis of the immediate postoperative anatomic results in a large series of unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated by endovascular approach has not previously been presented. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of endovascular treatment of unrup-tured intracranial aneurysms in light of immediate postoperative anatomic results in a prospective, multicenter study (the Analysis of Treatment by Endovascular Approach of Nonruptured Aneurysms study; ATENA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postoperative anatomic results from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were evaluated with the Montreal scale by the treating physician and by 2 anonymous, independent, experienced neuroradiologists. RESULTS: The analysis included 622 patients (449 women, 173 men; age range, 22–83 years; mean age, 51.2 (cid:1) 11.3 years) harboring 694 aneurysms. Evaluation of the postoperative anatomic results by the 2 independent reviewers indicated total occlusions in 437 aneurysms (63.0%), neck remnants in 156 aneurysms (22.5%), and aneurysm remnants in 101 aneurysms (14.6%). Several factors favorably affected the quality of the aneurysm occlusion with treatment, including patient age ( (cid:2) 65 years old; P (cid:2) . 0001), aneurysm diameter ( (cid:1) 6 mm; P (cid:3) . 0049), aneurysm dome-to-neck ratio ( (cid:4) 1.5; P (cid:3) . 0388), and endovascular technique (coiling or remodelling compared with stent placement; P (cid:3) . 0001). CONCLUSIONS: The endovascular treatment of unruptured aneurysms provided satisfactory postoperative occlusion rates, with a high percentage of complete occlusion or neck remnants (85.4%). Postoperative anatomic results were significantly affected by aneurysm size and neck size, but not aneurysm location.
SPATIAL CLOAKING FOR LOCATION PRIVACY PROTECTION OF SMART HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN FOG COMPUTING

Geographic information like location data is essential for a smart health care system. Patient information data is periodically sent to hospitals or medical centers to improve healthcare services presented to patients. The location data with a timestamp can disclose the user's private data like user financial activity, medical status, lifestyle, and places frequently visited by the user. Privacy protection approaches include spatial cloaking that is used to conceal the location of the user, into a cloaking area that satisfies the user privacy requirement when using the location to get healthcare services, or when using location-based services (LBS) to get any other services. Spatial cloaking is used in many location privacy solutions, however, most of them have some disadvantages that are related to communication and computation costs. In this paper an effective spatial cloaking algorithm to preserve location privacy (LOCACY) is presented. A secure version of the A* heuristic search algorithm (SecA*) has been developed to perform two essential functions: the first is to better support the proposed spatial cloaking algorithm, and the second is to enable a mobile patient to avoid infected areas while traveling between various locations. The proposed spatial cloaking algorithm outperforms rival algorithms such as bottom-up, top-down, and Aman algorithms in terms of communication and computation costs and achieves average enhancement of 56% better than the recently proposed Aman algorithm. Evaluating the secure A* algorithm shows that it provides a safe path and improves the provision of privacy
/ 1 Patterns of gene content and co-occurrence constrain the evolutionary path 2 toward animal association in CPR bacteria

1 ABSTRACT: Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) bacteria are small, likely episymbiotic organisms 2 found across Earth’s ecosystems. Despite their prevalence, the distribution of CPR lineages 3 across habitats and the genomic signatures of transitions amongst these habitats remain 4 unclear. Here, we expand the genome inventory for Absconditabacteria (SR1), Gracilibacteria, 5 and Saccharibacteria (TM7), CPR bacteria known to occur in both animal-associated and 6 environmental microbiomes, and investigate variation in gene content with habitat of origin. By 7 overlaying phylogeny with habitat information, we show that bacteria from these three lineages 8 have undergone multiple transitions from environmental habitats into animal microbiomes. 9 Based on co-occurrence analyses of hundreds of metagenomes, we extend the prior suggestion 10 that certain Saccharibacteria have broad bacterial host ranges and constrain possible host 11 relationships for Absconditabacteria and Gracilibacteria. Full-proteome analyses show that 12 animal-associated Saccharibacteria have smaller gene repertoires than their environmental 13 counterparts and are enriched in numerous protein families, including those likely functioning in 14 amino acid metabolism, phage defense, and detoxification of peroxide. In contrast, some 15 freshwater Saccharibacteria encode a putative rhodopsin. For protein families exhibiting the 16 clearest patterns of differential habitat distribution, we compared protein and species 17 phylogenies to estimate the incidence of lateral gene transfer and genomic loss occurring over 18 the species tree. These analyses suggest that habitat transitions were likely not accompanied 19 by large transfer or loss events, but rather were associated with continuous proteome 20 remodeling. Thus, we speculate that CPR habitat transitions were driven largely by availability 21 of suitable host taxa, and were reinforced by acquisition and loss of some capacities.
The West African monsoon dynamics. Part I: Documentation of intraseasonal variability

Abstract Intraseasonal variability in the West African monsoon is documented by using daily gridded datasets of rainfall and convection, and reanalyzed atmospheric fields, over the period 1968–90. Rainfall and convection over West Africa are significantly modulated at two intraseasonal timescales, 10–25 and 25–60 day, leading to variations of more than 30% of the seasonal signal. A composite analysis based on the dates of the maximum (minimum) of a regional rainfall index in wet (dry) sequences shows that these sequences last, on average, 9 days and belong to a main quasiperiodic signal of about 15 days. A secondary periodicity of 38 days is present but leads to a weaker modulation. During a wet (dry) sequence, convection in the ITCZ is enhanced (weakened) and its northern boundary moves to the north (south), while the speed of the African easterly jet decreases (increases), the speed of the tropical easterly jet increases (decreases), and the monsoon flow becomes stronger (weaker), all these features bei.
A STACKING BASED HYBRID TECHNIQUE TO PREDICT STUDENT DROPOUT AT UNIVERSITIES

University dropout is a very complex problem that affects the Government, Institutions and students and families in the world. The prediction allows to identify the students who are going to desert early, so that the directors of the Universities can establish strategies to mitigate it. Machine Learning methods are the most recent and effective for this problem. However, so far these methods have been applied independently and not in combination. This paper proposes a hybrid model based on decision trees and neural networks, designed following the KDD methodology, to predict with high precision the university student dropout. The proposal was implemented in Rapid Miner Studio 6.4 and applied to a dataset with 1761 student records and 53 variables for training. Through a variable selection procedure that includes 8 algorithms, 27 variables were selected. The results on 100 new records show an accuracy of 87%, 91%, 98% for decision tree models, neural networks and stacking respectively. In addition, the result of sensitivity is 90.6%, 93.3%, 98.7% for decision trees, neural networks and stacking respectively. Regarding specificity, 76%, 84% and 96% have been obtained for decision trees, neural networks and stacking respectively. The results of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity also show that the hybrid model presents better results than the separate models.
Repeatability and reliability of exploratory behavior in proactive Repeatability and reliability of exploratory behavior in proactive and reactive zebrafsh, Danio rerio and reactive zebrafsh, Danio rerio

Behavioral responses to novel situations often vary and can belong to a suite of correlated behaviors. Characteristic behaviors of different personality types (e.g. stress coping styles) are generally consistent across contexts and time. Here, we compare the repeatability and reliability of exploratory behaviors between zebrafish strains selectively bred to display contrasting behavioral responses to stressors that represent the proactive-reactive axis. Specifically, we measure exploratory behavior of individual fish in an open field test over five weeks. We quantified the stationary time, average swimming speed and time spent by a fish in the center area. We found a number of strain differences for each behavioral measure. Stationary time was the most repeatable and reliable measure for assessing proactive-reactive behavioral differences. Reactive zebrafish generally showed the highest reliability and repeatability of exploratory behavior compared to proactive zebrafish and a separate wild caught strain. Given the increased interest in the evolutionary consequences and proximate mechanisms of consistent individual differences, it will be important to continue to investigate how different selective pressures may influence expression of stress coping styles and their effects on the consistency of an animal’s behavior. Animals are frequently faced with a variety of stressors to their survival and reproductive efforts and typically employ behavioral and physiological responses to overcome them. While an individual’s behavioral response has been thought to be labile in variable environments, studies show that it can be consistent. Consistency of behavioral and physiological responses have both a between and within-individual component where the response in one context is often predictive of the animal’s response in a disparate context and across time 1–5 . In response to stressors, many studies document consistent differences between individuals across contexts in behaviors like aggression, boldness and sociability but the temporal component within the same context has not been thoroughly examined 4–8 .
Edinburgh Research Explorer Greedy Learning of Binary Latent Trees

—Inferring latent structures from observations helps to model and possibly also understand underlying data generating processes. A rich class of latent structures are the latent trees, i.e. tree-structured distributions involving latent variables where the visible variables are leaves. These are also called hierarchical latent class (HLC) models. Zhang (2004) proposed a search algorithm for learning such models in the spirit of Bayesian network structure learning. While such an approach can ﬁnd good solutions it can be computationally expensive. As an alternative we investigate two greedy procedures: the BIN - G algorithm determines both the structure of the tree and the cardinality of the latent variables in a bottom-up fashion. The BIN - A algorithm ﬁrst determines the tree structure using agglomerative hierarchical clustering, and then determines the cardinality of the latent variables as for BIN - G . We show that even with restricting ourselves to binary trees we obtain HLC models of comparable quality to Zhang’s solutions (in terms of cross-validated log-likelihood), while being generally faster to compute. This claim is validated by a comprehensive comparison on several datasets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our methods are able to estimate interpretable latent structures on real-world data with a large number of variables. By applying our method to a restricted version of the 20 newsgroups data these models turn out to be related to topic models, and on data from the PASCAL Visual Object Classes (VOC) 2007 challenge we show how such tree-structured models help us understand how objects co-occur in images. For reproducibility of all experiments in this paper, all code and datasets (or links to data) is available 1 .
A systematic review of qualitative research on the role of ICTs in sustainable livelihood

In the recent past, the role of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in promoting socio-economic development and sustainable livelihoods has become the subject of heated debate. Nevertheless, an insufficient number of studies have systematically reviewed the growing influence of ICTs. In the present study, a systematic review is conducted to evaluate and examine qualitative studies that have explored the role of ICTs in contributing to sustainable livelihoods. Researchers performed a systematic literature review of studies written in English and published between January, 2007 and April, 2014. Inclusion and exclusion principles were employed to identify studies of any qualitative design that examined the concept of sustainable livelihoods through the lens of accumulation of assets in order to evaluate the purposes for which ICTs are utilized and also to review the impact that ICTs have had on various aspects of life. Researchers screened and retrieved all titles and abstracts and potentially relevant studies to establish whether the study met the inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 15 primary studies. Researchers then extracted the precise findings of studies that were relevant to the review through ATLAS.ti7 software in order to allow us to code the key themes, sub-themes and inter-relationships. The results of the review reveal that ICTs have certain influences on sustainable livelihoods and that this influence applies to human, social, financial, physical and natural assets. This review has the potential to address managerial problems by creating a reliable knowledge base that accumulates findings from the selected studies and highlights opportunities for further research.
Development of computationally-guided work�ow for designing therapeutic phage cocktail: targeting multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria

Background: Antibiotic misuse and overuse have contributed to the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR), a serious public health problem across the globe. Phage cocktails, which combine several phages to destroy various bacterial strains, offer a more thorough and e�cient method of battling MDR illnesses. This might revolutionize the looming threat of reemergence of untreatable bacterial diseases. To provide a focused strategy to tackle the rising incidence of MDR bacterial infections, a phage cocktail against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was intended to be made computationally. Predicting a group of prophages which can successfully lyse and disrupt these three MDR bacterial strains and might help to lessen the severity and occurrence of illnesses caused by these notorious pathogens.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SWARM INTELLIGENCE FOR REGRESSION TEST CASE PRIORITIZATION

In software development, applications always undergo frequent modifications to cope with the changing needs of the users. Hence, this will affect the reliability of the applications. Regression testing is used to tackle this problem in which test case prioritization (TCP) is considered as one of the effective approaches. Optimization methods are employed to enhance the proficiency of prioritizing test cases in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms are mostly applied to TCP as one of the effective optimization methods. This paper aims at providing state-of-the-art for TCP using SI algorithms. The methodological process of performing this review includes conducting a search in the Scopus database using predetermined keywords to obtain relevant primary studies where suitable papers have been selected according to a set of predefined criteria. Predefined research questions also provide a basis for assessing nominated studies. Hence, the most relevant papers (57 out of 420) have been identified, analyzed, and classified. Based on the findings, it is learned that the deployment of swarm intelligence algorithms in prioritizing test cases yields promising results. Moreover, this study also includes suggestions that can be deployed to improve existing studies.