Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiota promotes host endogenous detoxification capability via regulation of P450 gene expression in the digestive tract

There is growing number of studies demonstrating a close relationship between insect gut microbiota and insecticide resistance. However, the contribution of the honey bee gut microbiota to host detoxification ability has yet to be investigated. In order to address this question, we compared the expression of cytochrome P450s (P450s) genes between gut microbiota deficient (GD) workers and conventional gut community (CV) workers and compared the mortality rates and the pesticide residue levels of GD and CV workers treated with thiacloprid or tau‐fluvalinate. Our results showed that gut microbiota promotes the expression of P450 enzymes in the midgut, and the mortality rate and pesticide residue levels of GD workers are significantly higher than those of CV workers. Further comparisons between tetracycline‐treated workers and untreated workers demonstrated that antibiotic‐induced gut dysbiosis leads to attenuated expression of P450s in the midgut. The co‐treatment of antibiotics and pesticides leads to reduced survival rate and a significantly higher amount of pesticide residues in honey bees. Taken together, our results demonstrated that honey bee gut symbiont could contribute to bee health through the modification of the host xenobiotics detoxification pathways and revealed a potential negative impact of antibiotics to honey bee detoxification ability and health.
Greater T Regulatory Cells in Females Attenuate DOCA-Salt–Induced Increases in Blood Pressure Versus Males

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Hypertension is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causing over 18 million deaths a year. Although the mechanisms controlling blood pressure (BP) in either sex remain largely unknown, T cells play a critical role in the development of hypertension. Further evidence supports a role for the immune system in contributing to sex differences in hypertension. The goal of the current study was to first, determine the impact of sex on the renal T-cell profiles in DOCA-salt hypertensive males and females and second, test the hypothesis that greater numbers of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in females protect against DOCA-salt–induced increases in BP and kidney injury. Male rats displayed greater increases in BP than females following 3 weeks of DOCA-salt treatment, although increases in renal injury were comparable between the sexes. DOCA-salt treatment resulted in an increase in proinflammatory T cells in both sexes; however, females had more anti-inflammatory Tregs than males. Additional male and female DOCA-salt rats were treated with anti-CD25 to decrease Tregs. Decreasing Tregs significantly increased BP only in females, thereby abolishing the sex difference in the BP response to DOCA-salt. This data supports the hypothesis that Tregs protect against the development of hypertension and are particularly important for the control of BP in females.
Medial versus Posterior Triceps Splitting Approach in Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Displaced Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcome of medial versus posterior triceps splitting approach in open reduction internal fixation of displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus in children. METHODS A retrospective review of total 70 children with medial approach (n=30) and posterior triceps splitting approach (n=40) children was made. Time to radiological union, postoperative Bauman's angle and Lateral humerocapitellar angle was compared for radiological outcome. Cosmetic and functional outcome was assessed and compared using Flynn's criteria. RESULTS Radiological parameters like time to union, postoperative Bauman's angle and Lateral humerocapitellar angle were similar and non-significant between medial and posterior triceps splitting approach. Flynn's cosmetic outcome was similar between these approach (p=0.198). Loss of ROM was significant in posterior triceps splitting approach (p=0.00). Flynn's functional outcome was better with medial approach as compared to posterior triceps splitting approach with statistical significance (p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS Medial approach has better functional outcome compared to posterior triceps splitting approach in open reduction internal fixation of displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus in children.
Optimal sidestepping of intraflagellar transport kinesins regulates structure and function of sensory cilia

Cytoskeletal‐based molecular motors produce force perpendicular to their direction of movement. However, it remains unknown whether and why motor proteins generate sidesteps movement along their filamentous tracks in vivo. Using Hessian structured illumination microscopy, we located green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labeled intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles inside sensory cilia of live Caenorhabditis elegans with 3–6‐nanometer accuracy and 3.4‐ms resolution. We found that IFT particles took sidesteps along axoneme microtubules, demonstrating that IFT motors generate torque in a living animal. Kinesin‐II and OSM‐3‐kinesin collaboratively drive anterograde IFT. We showed that the deletion of kinesin‐II, a torque‐generating motor protein, reduced sidesteps, whereas the increase of neck flexibility of OSM‐3‐kinesin upregulated sidesteps. Either increase or decrease of sidesteps of IFT kinesins allowed ciliogenesis to the regular length, but changed IFT speeds, disrupted axonemal ninefold symmetry, and inhibited sensory cilia‐dependent animal behaviors. Thus, an optimum level of IFT kinesin sidestepping is associated with the structural and functional fidelity of cilia.
Don’t forget student-teacher dependency! A Meta-analysis on associations with students’ school adjustment and the moderating role of student and teacher characteristics

ABSTRACT A meta-analytic approach was used to examine associations between student-teacher dependency and students’ school adjustment (engagement, achievement, externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, and prosocial behavior). Furthermore, we investigated whether associations between dependency and school adjustment were moderated by student and teacher characteristics. In total, the meta-analysis included 28 studies (N = 7849 students) from preschool to upper elementary school. The results showed that the overall associations between dependency, on the one hand, and engagement, achievement, and prosocial behavior, on the other, were negative and small to medium, whereas associations with externalizing and internalizing behavior were positive and medium (externalizing behavior) or medium to large (internalizing behavior). As far as moderator analyses were significant, they were in line with the academic risk hypothesis (i.e., stronger associations for at-risk students).
Potential ecological and health risks of toxic metals associated with artisanal mining contamination in Ijero, southwest Nigeria

Abstract This investigation was done to decide the concentrations, sources and potential risks of metals in media around Ijero area. A total of 80 samples including topsoils, sediments, tailings and whole plants were gathered from this territory while control samples were taken from zone with less human exercises. Samples were pounded, sieved and chemically analyzed utilizing Agilent High Plasma Liquid Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer. Results demonstrated that the mean concentrations of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in soils are 30.61 and 123.71 µg/g individually. In tailings the mean distribution of Pb and Zn are 33.16 and 22.44 µg/g each. Toxic units in all media were less than 4, indicating low effect on the ecosystem. Bivariate correlation, hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses revealed that metals in media from this area originated from mining and mineral processing activities, mixed and geogenic sources. Study revealed that metals in the media pose high degree of contamination and moderate to high ecological hazard. Also, there is high cancer-causing hazard index (HI) (10−6–10−4) and non-cancer-causing (HI > 1) dangers which is more articulated in kids than the grown-ups. It is important to introduce measures that will decrease the negative impacts associated with mining in the area.
Optimisation of the transmission of disruptions in assembly systems

The dynamic analysis of disruption transmission in networks of closed loops formed by machines and intermediate buffers is of vital importance in most production systems. Nevertheless, little research has been done on optimisation in this field. This study analyses the disruption time transmission in a generic assembly system, which has been modelled as a network of closed loops of machines and intermediate buffers. In addition, this modelling has been used to analyse a real automobile assembly line, taking into account variables that have not previously been considered in the literature, such as working regimes of machines, their cycle times, capacities of the intermediate buffers and their minimum contents. The optimal configuration of the intermediate buffers is analysed. Dynamic outlines of these kinds of assembly systems are proposed in order to maximise the transmission of disruption times and, hence, their availability. For this purpose, an algorithm for analysing and optimising availability in this kind of manufacturing system has also been developed.
Structural attributes of three forest types in central Spain and Landsat ETM+ information evaluated with redundancy analysis

Structural attributes of forest, such as canopy crown closure, stand height, stem density and basal area, derived from the third Spanish National Forest Inventory (IFN‐3) were used in combination with spectral information derived from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery and topographic information to evaluate their relationships. To deal with the variability found in the literature, three different types of vegetation, dominated by conifers, evergreen sclerophyll and broad‐leaved deciduous trees, were analysed. In addition, the analyses were performed using three sets of plots filtered to be successively more homogeneous. A multivariate canonical ordination method, redundancy analysis (RDA), was used to enable the simultaneous evaluation of the two data sets and provide a useful graphical output highlighting the relationships between response (structural attributes) and explanatory (spectral and topographic) variables. Rank correlation analyses were also performed. The low percentage of explained variance at the multivariate analyses and low rank correlation coefficients made it difficult to derive practical empirical models. The strong influence of vegetation type on the results was confirmed, given that each type was sensitive to a different kind of spectral information. Finally, the results did not allow validation of the hypothesis that the relationship should be better when using a more homogeneous set of plots.
Stereotypes

We present a model of stereotypes in which a decision maker assessing a group recalls only that group's most representative or distinctive types relative to other groups. Because stereotypes highlight differences between groups, and neglect likely common types, they are especially inaccurate when groups are similar. In this case, stereotypes consist of unlikely, extreme types. When stereotypes are inaccurate, they exhibit a form of base rate neglect. They also imply a form of confirmation bias in light of new information: beliefs over-react to information that confirms the stereotype and ignore information that contradicts it. However, stereotypes can change - or rather, be replaced - if new information changes the group's most distinctive trait. Applied to gender stereotypes, the model provides a unified account of disparate evidence regarding the gender gap in education and in labor markets.
Do Customs Trade Facilitation Programs Help Reduce Customs-Related Corruption?

Customs-related corruption costs World Customs Organization (WCO) members at least $2 billion in customs revenue each year. Using recent data only about bribe payers' actual experiences in paying bribes, we show that trade facilitation would only help reduce corruption and improve efficiency — in a large number of customs agencies —— if the customs agency's director undertakes a big-bang approach to reform. We also find support for the corruption clubs theory — that customs agencies in the process of reform are either moving toward Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) levels of integrity and efficiency; or they are sliding toward a “red zone” group of countries. Such a sliding results from the incentives corrupt customs officers have to stymie reform. As such, countries undertaking customs programs — such as those endorsed by the World Customs Organization — should not adopt reform measures piecemeal. They need to engage in anti-corruption and efficiency-enhancement programs deeply enough to ensure they benefit from trade facilitation.
mRNA Suicide: Destabilization by Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting

Title of Document: mRNA SUICIDE: DESTABILIZATION BY PROGRAMMED RIBOSOMAL FRAMESHIFTING Jonathan L. Jacobs, Ph.D., 2006 Directed By: Associate Professor Jonathan D. Dinman, Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Biology Cis-acting mRNA elements that promote programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) redirect a fraction of translating ribosomes into a new translational reading frame. In viruses, these signals typically direct the translation of alternative protein products from a single mRNA. However, programmed frameshifts could also direct elongating ribosomes to premature termination codons, in which case the mRNAs could become targets for degradation by the nonsense mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD). Computational analyses revealed the presence of 10,340 consensus -1 PRF signals in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Of the 6,353 yeast open reading frames (ORFs) included in this study, 1,275 are predicted to have at least one strong and statistically significant -1 PRF signal. In contrast to viral frameshifting, the predicted outcomes of nearly all of these genomic frameshift signals would direct ribosomes to premature termination codons, in theory making these mRNAs substrates for NMD. Nine of these predicted -1 PRF signals were tested empirically, eight of which promoted efficient levels of PRF in vivo. This study also demonstrates that viral -1 PRF signals are sufficient to target a reporter mRNA for degradation via NMD. Furthermore, several of -1 PRF signals from the yeast genome were also shown to act as NMD-dependent mRNA destabilizing element. Importantly, these signals are found in genes whose mRNAs are known to be natural targets for NMD. These findings support the hypothesis that PRF may be used by cellular mRNAs to initiate “mRNA suicide”. A model is presented in which programmed frameshifting acts as a general post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism to control gene expression by regulating mRNA abundance. mRNA SUICIDE: DESTABILIZATION BY PROGRAMMED RIBOSOMAL FRAMESHIFTING
A demographic and epistemological divide: problematizing diversity and equity education in traditional, rural teacher education

Abstract This study documents the experience of an Asian woman faculty in the rural Mountain West as it relates to difficulties teaching predominantly White preservice teachers about the importance of diversity and social justice to prepare them adequately with skills and materials for their P-12 classrooms in a rapidly changing world. The current challenge has its origins in US history (the macro-level) and continues into the present (the micro-level) beyond the preservice teachers to include college of education colleagues and administrators, and community members. Using nexus analysis to reveal this larger picture, the hope is to develop actions to keep the problem from persisting into the future. This study is geography-specific in that not all rural areas are predominantly White, nor do they all share the same worldview. The results suggest that rural university communities remain predominantly White in their demographic makeup and crucial actors often hold fast to Whiteness and White ignorance. This is problematic – the need to transform and change is urgent in rural teacher education programs.
Quality management practices and operational performance: Empirical evidence for Spanish industry

Progressive implantation of the ideas and techniques related to the concept of quality management is perhaps the most patent expression of the change and innovation which has taken place in organizations in recent years. Companies aim to increase their competitive advantage by improving operational performance. Or is this the case? The research is based on information obtained from a wide sample of industrial plants ( n = 965), employing more than 50 workers and belonging to all sectors of the manufacturing industry in Spain. After a thorough review of the literature relevant to this issue, a series of hypotheses is tested using logit models. Multiple regression analysis is applied in order to ascertain which dimension of the quality management practices has the greatest effect. The results are consistent with those of most of the studies carried out to date and demonstrate a significant relationship between the level of implementation of quality management practices and improvement in operational performance in terms of cost, quality and flexibility. Quality management practices related to product design and development, together with human resource practices, are the most significant predictors of operational performance.
Introducing Translation Studies

s (quantities and qualities, including adjectives); relationals (including gender, prepositions and conjunctions). Examples of analysis (Nida 1964a: 64), designed to illustrate the different constructions with the preposition of, are: Figure 3.1 Nida’s three-stage system of translation (from Nida and Taber 1969: 33). INTRODUCING TRANSLATION STUDIES 40
Book Reviews

ARTHROSCOPY OF THE ELBOW. Edited by Felix H. Savoie, III, and Larry D. Field. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1996. $95.00, 178 pp. Savoie and Field have extensive experience in arthroscopy of the upper extremity, and they have reported previously on arthroscopic techniques for both the shoulder and the wrist. Their experience and clinical knowledge have been combined to produce this monograph on arthroscopy of the elbow. Techniques, complications, and limitations of arthroscopy of the elbow are described in detail. The sixteen contributors provide muchneeded expertise and valuable anecdotal advice with respect to a joint that frequently is not amenable to arthroscopy. Detailed descriptions of anatomy, portals, positions, and standard and specialized equipment are presented in the first two sections of the book. These sections contain excellent diagrams of the anatomy of the elbow and line diagrams that demonstrate the commonly used portals in diagnostic arthroscopy of the elbow. The third section describes specific disorders of the elbow that are amenable to arthroscopy, and their associated complications. Excellent chapters on the biomechanics of instability of the elbow and the treatment of degenerative and osteoarthrotic conditions of the elbow are the highlights of this section. The addition of a chapter on athletic injuries of the elbow, specifically throwing problems, should be considered for the next edition of this book. Chapters dealing with symptom complexes, such as the painful elbow and its arthroscopic implications, would be of value to orthopaedists. This is a good book that will become even better as arthroscopic techniques for the elbow joint, which is very recalcitrant to open operative procedures, are refined and improved. Anyone who performs major procedures on the upper extremity or who deals with common problems of the upper extremity that may necessitate either diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopy of the elbow will find the book to be very helpful and of considerable interest. Fred Cor ley, Jr., M.D.
Full of Your Self: How Eating Disorder Symptoms Encode a Relational History

This article explores the phenomenology of derailed desires: their developmental history and the ways in which the concrete symptoms of the eating-disordered patient reveal personal and interpersonal dilemmas. The authors propose that eating disorder symptoms encode a relational story that serves self-organizing and regulating functions and provides a transitional solution to what has been experienced as an untenable personal and relational bind. The multiple function of eating-disordered behaviors can simultaneously represent a repetitive, self-protective dimension, as well as an adaptive, developmental striving toward a sense of agency and connection. Two case reports discuss how the patient works toward feeling fulfilled without feeling too (dangerously) full of her self.
Game theory applications in production research in the sharing and circular economy era

In recent years, topics such as sharing economy and circular supply chains have emerged in production research and operations management. To explore them and tackle the associated challenges, we need to acquire a full understanding of decision-makers’ strategic behaviours as well as the deployment of sophisticated analytical methods such as game theory. In this article, we concisely examine the meanings of sharing economy and circular supply chains in production research. We then introduce the featured papers of the special issue and highlight the major insights developed. Future research directions are discussed.
Family based dispatching with batch availability

Family based dispatching rules seek to lower set-up frequencies by grouping (batching) similar types of jobs for joint processing. Hence shop flow times may be improved, as less time is spent on set-ups. Motivated by an industrial project we study the control of machines with batch availability, i.e. all the jobs of the same batch become available for processing and leave the machine together. So far the literature seems to have neglected this type of shop by restricting its focus on machines with item availability, i.e. assuming machine operations concern single jobs. We address this gap by proposing extensions to existing family based dispatching rules. Extended rules are tested by an extensive simulation study. Best performance is found for non-exhaustive rules, which allow for alternative choices of batch size. Performance gains are highest for low set-up to run-time ratios and/or high workloads.
Management support for the adoption of manufacturing best practices: key factors

Management support for any change initiative's success has been well documented. Adoption of a manufacturing best practice, which has been developed elsewhere and has produced superior results, also brings some changes to the adopting organization. Survey-based studies show that companies involved in the identification of best practices are generally not willing to adopt or are not successful in implementing their findings. This indicates that these organizations’ managers do not offer adequate support for best practices. This study was undertaken to identify the factors that influence management support for the adoption of manufacturing best practices. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between each of the factors and management support. Positive significant associations were found between management support and organizational resource availability, external pressures, perceived operational benefits, and compatibility. Also, satisfaction with the existing practice was found to have a negative significant association with management support.