Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Model of the Dynamic Exchanges of Water and Energy between a Terrestrial Amphibian and Its Environment

Mechanistic models of the H2O and energy dynamic interrelationships between a terrestrial amphibian and its environments were developed and applied in a study of the temperature and water relations of the northern leopard frog Rana pipiens Schreber. The models illustrate the relative importance of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, absorbed solar and thermal radiation, substrate temperature, and soil H2O potential on the core temperatures, hydration levels, and rates of hydration level change during desiccation and rehydration for leopard frogs of different size. Leopard frogs' core temperatures are influenced most by ambient air and substrate temperatures, whereas absorbed radiation has a subordinant effect. Evaporative H2O loss rates are strongly influenced by absorbed radiation and virtually not influenced at all by substrate temperature (relative humidity, air temperature, and wind speed were also shown to be strongly influential on evaporative H2O loss). Water uptake from wet soils (ψsoil > —150 mb) is determined primarily by the properties of the frog, whereas H2O uptake from relatively drier soils (ψsoil < —300 mb) is determined by the conductive properties of the soil. Results of computer simulations suggest that leopard frogs in southern Wisconsin environments should not be found at great distances from standing H2O or soils with H2O potentials < —150 mb. Data taken from the literature and viewed in context of the theory of H2O exchange between an amphibian and soil, suggests that leopard frogs may rarely venture from saturated soils (ψ soil = 0). Results of simulations also imply that leopard frogs in most natural environmental circumstances will not generally have core temperatures greatly different from ambient air temperatures; thus, implying that any behavioral thermoregulatory ability would likely be crude. The modeling approach provides an extremely practical technique to study mechanistic interactions of the many environmental variables involved in the temperature and water relations of terrestrial amphibians.
Two Male Types of the Common Earwig: Male-male Competition and Mating Success

A field-collected sample of earwigs (Forficula auricularia) showed considerable variation and a bimodal distribution in male forceps lengths. Males could be separated into brachy types (74 %) with small forceps and macro types with long forceps. Female forceps lengths and the body length distributions of both males and females were unimodal. Staged encounters between males, matched for body size but of different forceps type, demonstrated a significant advantage for macro males in aggressive interactions. In experiments with more than one male together with a female, macro type males were able to dislodge and take over females already in copula. Males of the macro type achieve both a larger proportion of the copulations and significantly longer copulations. Experiments in the laboratory, where virgin females were placed in petri dishes with males of different types, revealed no difference in latency time to copulation. Neither was there any indication of female choice before copulation in experiments where females could choose between the two male types.
Barley lines showing prominent high green shoot regeneration in cultures derived from immature embryos

Eighty-four cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and 95 wild strains (82 of H. spontaneum and 13 of H. agriocrithon) were surveyed for the production of callus, callus growth, and shoot regeneration in cultures derived from immature embryos. All cultivars except for 'Turkey 381', induced calli from more than 90% of embryos. On the other hand, the wild lines showed a large variation in the percentage of callus induction from 0 to 100%. Among the cultivars, those with the brittle rachis genotype, bt Bt 2 , on chromosome 3H, regenerated shoots with a significantly higher percentage than the cultivars with the Bt bt 2 genotype. Green shoots were produced in a higher ratio (0.84) in the cultivars than in the wild lines (0.52). Among the lines examined, 'Lenins' regenerated shoots efficiently (90.4%) and produced the highest number of calli with green shoots per embryo (4.77) followed by- 'Golden Promise' (3.15). Examination of callus growth and shoot regeneration from embryos at different developmental stages revealed that scutellum development affected the quantity and quality of callus and shoot regeneration.
The distribution and abundance of the British fungal‐breeding Drosophila

Abstract. 1 The distribution and abundance of five Drosophila species breeding in fungi are examined by attracting adult flies to baited traps and collecting fungal fruit bodies containing the larval stages. 2 Changes in species frequency follow a temporal (seasonal and yearly), rather than a spatial (between and within woods) pattern. 3 There is a regular diurnal pattern of activity in D.subobscura but not in D.phalerata. Temperature, light intensity, humidity and wind speed have no effect upon the daily activity of D.phalerata. Only temperature affects the activity of D.subobscura. 4 Out of 125 species of fungi collected, only forty‐eight species produced Drosophila. However, the flies are even more selective, since only five species of fungi (Phallus impudicus, Polyporus squamosus, Amanita rubescens, Pluteus cervinus and Lactarius quietus) produce 80% of all Drosophila reared. 5 The commonest species, D.phalerata, has two or three generations per year with a winter diapause. An outline of the yearly life cycle is given, with the major breeding sites for each generation indicated. 6 Measures of niche overlap calculated from the data on individual fruit bodies are very low, suggesting that the five species are effectively isolated during the larval period. This ecological isolation is achieved by a summation of several niche dimensions, woodlands, seasons, fungal species, and individual fruiting body differences.
Performance of Forage Soybean in the Southern Great Plains

Pasture for livestock in the southern Great Plains is often in short supply during the late summer. This study compared seasonal patterns in forage production, forage quality, and seed yield of three recently developed forage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] cultivars (Donegal, Derry, and Tyrone) to the seed cultivar Hutcheson. Inoculated seeds were planted at 60 kg ha -1 in rows (20 m long) with 60-cm spacing, in June 2001, 2002, and 2003, after harvest of no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Whole plant samples were collected on six sample dates from approximately 52 to 120 d after seeding (DAS). At 120 DAS, forage soybeans Derry, Donegal, and Tyrone leaf and stem accumulations were 15, 46, and 47% and 43, 69, and 126% greater than that of Hutcheson, respectively. Seed soybean initiated flowering 15 d earlier than forage soybeans, resulting in lower leaf and stem yield. Forage quality of whole plants (N concentration and dry matter digestibility) of whole plant was similar across cultivars. Seed yield of Tyrone was lowest (690 kg ha -1 ), as compared to Donegal (1180 kg ha -1 ), Hutcheson (985 kg ha -1 ), or Derry (939 kg ha -1 ). Nitrogen concentration and digestible dry matter (DDM) of seed for all cultivars were similar. We concluded that forage soybean cultivars could provide greater leaf and stem biomass for livestock in the southern Great Plains during late summer and early fall when perennial warm-season grasses are less productive.
Qualidade física do solo sob sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical quality of soil in integrated crop-livestock systems (ICL) in comparison to continuous pasture and native Cerrado. During two years (2005 and 2006), soil samples from a clayed Rhodic Ferralsol were collected from two layers (0-20 and 70-80 cm), in six areas under different crop rotation and ICL. Continuous pasture and native Cerrado were used as reference. The following physical and hydraulic properties were evaluated: bulk density, water saturation, total porosity, macroporosity, effective microporosity, effective saturation, lab and field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil-water retention curve. All the cultivated systems caused impact on the physical and hydraulic properties of the 0-20 cm layer. The continuous pasture provided the best soil physical quality. In the comparison between years, only the soil under conventional tillage had its bulk density increased and its soil porosity decreased. The pasture in the rotation system with ICL, even after four years, does not restore soil physical quality in comparison to continuous pasture.
Coarse particulate organic matter transport in low-gradient streams of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan

Abstract Small forested streams typically are dominated by heterotrophic processes and rely on retained allochthonous material, including coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), to support stream food webs. Within the Ottawa National Forest (ONF), Michigan, 3 small streams of similar size (discharge <130 L/s) were used to measure the retention (e.g., particle travel distance) of various allochthonous particles. Allochthonous CPOM consisted of natural (Ginkgo biloba leaves, white pine needles, and sugar maple sticks) and analog (wood dowels of 3 lengths, paper triangles, and paper rectangles) particles to test if particle type affected travel distance and if analog particles would be a good surrogate for natural particles. Travel distances of the particles were measured monthly from June to November 2003. Physical parameters, such as velocity, depth, wood density and volume, and substrate size, were measured in each reach to determine if instream characteristics affected coarse particle travel distances. Mean travel distance was >7 m for all particle types. Travel distance was not significantly different between particle analogs and natural particles or among natural particles. Significant differences in particle travel distance (p < 0.001) occurred among wood dowel lengths and between paper rectangles (mean ± standard error, 4.9 ± 0.3 m) and paper triangles (5.9 ± 0.5 m). For all particles, travel distance was positively related to current velocity, discharge, and stream depth and negatively related to instream wood volume and density (p < 0.05), but travel distances were not significantly different among months. Visual observation also indicated that particle flexibility and surface area reduced particle travel distance. Our results suggest that: 1) low-gradient streams in mixed coniferous–deciduous forests of Upper Michigan are highly retentive of a range of CPOM types and are more retentive than are other low-gradient streams; 2) the analog particles were reasonable mimics of natural particle transport, and the different lengths of wood dowels affected travel distance; and 3) instream hydraulic and physical parameters, especially large woody debris, were major factors in CPOM retention. In forested headwater streams, the ability of the channel to efficiently retain multiple types of allochthonous material might be crucial to overall stream productivity.
EFFECT OF LANTANA CAMARA L. COVER ON LOCAL DEPLETION OF TREE POPULATION IN THE VINDHYAN TROPICAL DRY DECIDUOUS FOREST OF INDIA

The dry deciduous forest of northern India is being progressively invaded by an alien invasive woody shrub Lantana camara L. (Lantana). The invasion of lantana threatens the survival of many species. This study examines the demographic instability of tree species at different levels of lantana cover. Based on proportion of seedlings of a species in its total population (seedling+sapling+adult), about 39.5% and 60% of total 38 species exhibited local demographic instability at different levels of lantana cover for the first and the second census respectively. This decline in species could be attributed to altered microenvironment (light, pH and temperature) beneath the lantana bushes. The study concludes that the presence of lantana shrub as dense understorey perturbs the seedling recruitment of native tree species in the forest and this leads to differential depletion of native trees.
Promise

What is the promise of occupational science? Occupational science is under construction in response to differing historical intents, but the time for visions of what occupational science should be has passed. The nature of occupational science is evident in its body of work, in its underlying structures, and in the remaining challenges to its development. How will occupational science fulfill its promise?
Isaria javanica (anamorphic Cordycipitaceae) isolated from gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in Japan

An entomopathogenic fungus, Isaria javanica (anamorphic Cordycipitaceae) was isolated from diseased larvae of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in outbreak populations from Iwate Prefecture, in northern Japan in the summer of 2008. The fungus caused a mixed infection with Entomophaga maimaiga in the gypsy moth populations. The fungus forms conidial chains on phialides verticillate on conidiophores, with conidia fusiform to oval, 3.0–4.3–6.3×1.4–2.0–3.2 μm, chlamydospores and synnemata absent, and grows on SDAY medium at 10–30°C, with optimal growth at 25°C. Phylogenetic analyses, using the β-tubulin gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, positioned the fungal isolates to a well supported branch where I. javanica was included. The dipping of larvae into the conidial suspension revealed a moderate virulence of the fungus to the gypsy moth (mortality 58–100% with 108/ml). This is the first discovery of I. javanica on L. dispar larvae.
Methanogenic archaeal communities in paddy field soils in north-east China as evaluated by PCR-DGGE, sequencing and real-time PCR analyses

Real-time PCR quantification showed that the numbers of methanogenic archaeal 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes, encoding the methyl-coenzyme M reductase α subunit of methanogenic archaea, ranged from 4.0 × 10 to 2.7 × 10 and from 4.7 × 10 to 3.2 × 10 g dry soil, respectively. In the original version of this paper, published in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.17470765. 2010.00521. x, the abstract on page 831 was incorrect. It should read: Real-time PCR quantification showed that the numbers of methanogenic archaeal 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes, encoding the methyl-coenzymeM reductase α subunit of methanogenic archaea, ranged from 4.0 × 10 to 2.7 × 10 and from 4.5 × 10 to 3.1 × 10 g dry soil, respectively. The numbers of targeted 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes in the 15 paddy field soils in NE China estimated by the real-time PCR ranged from 4.0 × 10 g dry soil to (BL-III) to 2.7 × 10 g dry soil (BL-I) and from 4.7 × 10 g dry soil to (BL-III) to 3.2 × 10 g dry soil (BL-I), respectively (Table 1). The numbers of methanogenic archaea in Japanese paddy field soils of chemical plots in Anjo and Chikugo in 2003 and 2005 were 5.9 × 10– 4.5 × 10 g dry soil for 16S rRNA genes and 6.1 × 10– 1.2 × 10 g dry soil for mcrA genes. ” In the original version of this paper, published in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.17470765. 2010.00521. x, the Quantification of methanogenic archaeal numbers on page 834 was incorrect. It should read: The numbers of targeted 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes in the 15 paddy field soils in NE China estimated by the real-time PCR ranged from 4.0 × 10 g dry soil to (BL-III) to 2.7 × 10 g dry soil (BL-I) and from 4.5 × 10 g dry soil to (BL-III) to 3.1 × 10 g dry soil (BL-I), respectively (Table 1). The numbers of methanogenic archaea in Japanese paddy field soils of chemical plots in Anjo and Chikugo in 2003 and 2005 were 5.9 × 10– 4.5 × 10 g dry soil for 16S rRNA genes and 5.7 × 10– 1.2 × 10 g dry soil for mcrA genes. The numbers of methanogenic archaea in 15 paddy field soils in NE China were 4.0 × 10–2.7 × 10 g dry soil for 16S rRNA genes and 4.7 × 10 to 3.2 × 10 g dry soil for mcrA genes. In the original version of this paper, published in Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.17470765. 2010.00521. x, the conclusion on page 837 was incorrect. It should read: The numbers of methanogenic archaea in 15 paddy field soils in NE China were 4.0 × 10–2.7 × 10 g dry soil for 16S rRNA genes and 4.5 × 10 to 3.1 × 10 g dry soil for mcrA genes. Corrections have been made to Table 1 and Figure 3 according to revised information: Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (2014), 60, 746–748 http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/00380768.2014. 951111
Impact of cellulase production on environmental and financial metrics for lignocellulosic ethanol

The cost of cellulases remains a key issue in the production of cellulosic ethanol, and the impact of enzymes on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of cellulosic ethanol has received little attention. This study evaluates life cycle emissions and cellulase production costs for bioethanol production, considering on‐site and off‐site production options. A complete enzyme production process was simulated using AspenPlus, generating mass and energy balance information required to calculate GHG emissions and financial metrics.
Response of dry bean to preplant incorporated and preemergence applications of pyroxasulfone

Three field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period at Exeter (2007, 2008) and Ridgetown (2007), Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of two market classes and two cultivars of each market class (cranberry, Etna and Hooter; kidney, Red Kanner and Red Hawk) of dry bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) applications of pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha-1. All treatments including the non-treated control were maintained weed free during the growing season. There was greater injury when pyroxasulfone was applied PPI than PRE, and injury was greater with the high rate at 1, 2, and 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha-1 caused as much as 32 and 61% visible injury when applied PPI and 15 and 30% visible injury when applied PRE in dry bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone at 209 and 418 g a.i. ha-1 decreased shoot dry weight as much as 60 and 80% when applied PPI and 30 and 50% when applied PRE in dry bean, respectively. Plant height was not affected by pyroxasulfo.
Quantitative Glucose Metabolism in Lactating Mink ( Mustela vison ) - Effects of Dietary Levels of Protein, Fat and Carbohydrates

Glucose metabolism was measured during two consecutive years, 4 weeks postpartum, in a total of 36 yearling female mink, fitted with jugular vein catheters and raising litters of six to seven kits. The dams were fed ad libitum from parturition on diets with different ratios of metabolizable energy (ME) derived from protein:fat:carbohydrates (experiment 1: 61:37:2, 46:37:17, 31:37:32; experiment 2: 61:38:1, 47:52:1, 33:66:1). After 3 h fasting the dams were fed 210 kJ ME of the experimental diets. Two hours postprandially a single dose of 50 w Ci U- 14 C- and 2- 3 H-labelled glucose was administered to each dam and blood samples were drawn 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after the tracer administration. Glucose turnover rates were 4-5% min -1 in all dams, and the approximate daily glucose flux was 12-17 g day -1 ; however, these were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, the mink is able both to synthesize large amounts of glucose de novo and to utilize high levels of dietary digestible carbohydrates, and thereby to tolerate large variations in dietary carbohydrate supply.
Effects of Ammonium to Nitrate Ratio in Culture Medium on Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Phalaenopsis Seedlings in Vitro

The effects of NH4+ : NO3- in culture medium on growth and nutrient absorption of Phalaenopsis seedlings in vitro were investigated. Leaf number decreased at 8 : 2 and 10: 0 of NH4+ : NO3- (N ratio), and leaf area increased at 0 : 10 and 2 : 8 N ratios. Root number and root length were linearly decreased with increasing NH4+ ratio. Consequently, possibility to control root growth by incubating on the medium with 2 : 8 N ratio without suppression of leaf growth was indicated. Although nitrogen absorption was not affected by N ratios between 0 : 10 and 4 : 6, P, K, Ca, and Mg absorption were remarkably decreased with increasing NH4+ ratio. NH4+ antagonistically inhibited Ca and Mg absorption. Thus, growth and nutrient absorption of Phalaenopsis seedling in vitro were promoted by incubating in culture medium containing NO3- as sole nitrogen source.
Cytological Studies of the Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). I. Male Meiosis in Malaysian Species

SUMMARYChromosome numbers of 2n = 13, XO and 2n = 17, XO are reported for 2 genera of the Alydidae. Meiotic behaviour is comparable to that of species in 6 genera of the Coreidae which also have an XO sex determination mechanism in males, and chromosome numbers of 2n = 15, 19 and 21. A further 3 coreid genera in which 2n = 18, 20, 22 and 26 are found have an Xn X2 O mechanism, the meiotic behaviour of which differs in some respects from published reports of other Heteropterans with multiple X chromosomes. The large m-chromosomes present in several species have permitted their morphology to be determined. The significance of achiasmate pairing of m-chromosomes and monhomologous X chromosomes in achieving regular segregation is noted, and the role of chromosome number changes in the evolution of the Coreidae is discussed.
Physiological Characterization of Fungal Inoculum for Biotechnological Remediation of Soils

The aim of this work was to study the bioremediating potential of Lentinus crinitus CCIBt2611 according to the physiological condition of the inoculum. Inoculum was prepared using sugarcane ground husk (C:N 90), at several physiological ages and applied in soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol. The inoculum's potential was assessed by evaluating the mycelium's vigor at soil's colonization, determination of peroxidase and phenoloxidase activities, in vitro degradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and in vivo degradation of pentachlorophenol. The results showed that the assessed parameters were relevant to identify the quality of the inoculum. For L. crinitus, 10 day old inoculum showed good soil-colonization speed with significant enzymatic activities, indicating the role of Manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase in degradation, and efficient degradation of pentachlorophenol.
Work-related boredom and depressed mood from a daily perspective: the moderating roles of work centrality and need satisfaction

ABSTRACT This study aimed to advance insight into inter- and intrapersonal processes that may affect the associations between work-related boredom and employee well-being. We employed a daily perspective to examine (1) the relations between work-related boredom and depressed mood at the end of the workday and at the end of the evening after work; (2) whether these relations were stronger for employees with high work centrality (the importance of work to the individual); and (3) whether the indirect association between work-related boredom and depressed mood in the evening (via depressed mood at the end of the workday) was smaller on days during which employees’ basic psychological needs were satisfied after work. Data were collected by means of a 5-day diary study among 106 employees in various occupations in The Netherlands. The results showed that work-related boredom was positively related to both depressed mood at the end of the workday and depressed mood in the evening, but only for employees with high work centrality. Furthermore, daily need satisfaction after work mitigated the indirect relation between work-related boredom and depressed mood in the evening. Based on these findings it can be concluded that work centrality and need satisfaction should be taken into account in order to understand the association between work-related boredom and employee well-being.