Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of Response of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Dietary Myo-inositol

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings were fed for 28 wk in aquaria (28 ± 1 °C) on semipurified diets with supplemental myo-inositol (400 mg∙kg diet−1), without myo-inositol, and without myo-inositol but with succinylsulfathiazole to suppress intestinal bacteria synthesis. Omission of myo-inositol from the diet, with or without the antibiotic, did not reduce growth rate, produce overt signs of myo-inositol deficiency, or cause a decrease in tissue (muscle, liver, and brain) concentration of myo-inositol. No lipid accumulation occurred in liver or kidney when myoinositol was deleted from the diet. The only possible lipotropic effect of myo-inositol deficiency was a slightly higher (P < 0.07) amount of lipid in brain tissue. Myo-inositol synthesis by enzymes in liver and brain tissues was not affected by myo-inositol in the diet. Rates of myo-inositol synthesis were 39.8 and 67.3 μmol∙h−1∙g protein−1 for liver and brain, which are higher than synthesis rates reported in rodents (myo-inositol syn.
Relationships between spike morphology, hordeins and altitude within Ethiopian barley, Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)

Three sets of data, i.e., morphological (relating to the spike), biochemical (hordein), and environmental (altitude), were recovered on a sample of the presently cultivated landrace varieties of Ethiopian barley. Application of a computer programme involving multivariate statistical analyses uncovered the latent but significant associations among the three parameters. Thus, associations were evident between morphology and hordeins, morphology and altitude, and hordeins and altitude. The magnitude of the observed association was highest between morphology and hordeins (R2=46 %) and lowest between hordeins and altitude (R2=5 %). Each morphological character studied was identified with one or a few hordein bands, while altitude was associated with a few hordein bands and some spike characters. In some cases a character was found to be simultaneously correlated with two characters from the other parameters. These results are interpreted as arising from linkages, accumulations, and/or pleiotropic effects of some genes. A deeper understanding of the nature of the relationships indicated by these results requires further studies involving pure lines for individual characters.
A Review and Evaluation of Fossil Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Canadian Agriculture

This paper describes the history of farm mechanization in Canada and the CO2 emissions from farm energy. Tractor sizes increased steadily from 1920 to 1975, then leveled off after 1981. Canadian farms changed from one tractor for every ten farms following World War I to almost three tractors per farm by 2001. Simulation was used to compare two Canadian model farms. While the larger Saskatchewan farm generated more fossil CO2 than the Ontario farm, it used energy less intensively. Another simulation showed that tractors vastly out work horses and emit less GHG on a unit of work basis. Roughly four times as many Prairies farmers owned tractors exceeding 75kW as farmers in Quebec and Ontario. Total CO2 emissions from Canadian agriculture increased 11% between 1981 and 2001. Chemical N-fertilizer rose sharply while machinery-related fossil energy declined.
Metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania in the salivary glands of experimentally infected phlebotomine sandflies

Des promastigotes metacycliques ont ete observes dans les glandes salivaires de 31 Phlebotomus duboscqi femelles infectees en laboratoire par Leishmania tropica. La presence de parasites dans ces glandes est correlee a des infestations importantes de promastigotes metacycliques dans la valve stomodeale et la portion thoracique de l'intestin moyen du phlebotome, et il est suggere que les parasites peuvent avoir migre a travers la paroi intestinale vers les glandes qui s'etendent le long de la valve thoracique du phlebotome. Aucune preuve n'a ete apportee du caractere obligatoire d'une phase d'invasion des glandes dans le cycle des Leishmania; cependant, des observations de parasites dans les glandes de phlebotomes captures dans la nature, couplees a ces observations de laboratoire, nous font emettre l'hypothese que la regurgitation des parasites ou la migration de promastigotes metacycliques vers les pieces buccales ne sont peut-etre pas les seuls mecanismes de transmission par piqure.
The Prevalence Of Trypanosome Infection In Trade Cattle, Goats And Sheep Slaughtered At The Kaduna Abattoir

The prevalence of trypanosome infection in trade cattle, goats and sheep was investigated in slaughtered animals at the Kaduna Abattoir. Wet, thin, thick films, animal inoculation, haematocrit centrifugation technique and buffy coat methods were used to detect rypanosomes in the jugular blood of the animals. The packed cell volume (PCV) was also determined. A total of 300 cattle, 300 goats and 300 sheep were examined within five months (September, 1998 – January, 1999) and the prevalence rates in cattle, goats and sheep were found to be 5.00%, 4.67% and 3.33% respectively. Mean PCV of infected cattle was 20.33% against uninfected cattle 35.08%. In goats, the PCV was 20.29%, uninfected goats 31.56%; while that of sheep was 19.40% and uninfected 32.85%. Trypanosoma vivax infection accounted for 60%, T. brucei 26.67% and T. congolense 13.33% in cattle. In goats, T. vivax infection accounted for 71.43%, T. brucei 21.43% and T. congolense 7.14%. Also T. vivax infection accounted for 70%, T. brucei 30% and T. congolense 0% in sheep. Sex did not significantly (P>0.05) affect infection rates. Although the prevalence rate of trypanosomiasis in cattle, goats and sheep appeared low compared with the previous works, natural trypanosomiasis remains economically importance in cattle, goats and sheep in Nigeria. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 10 (1) 2009: pp. 15-25
Caracterização morfocultural e molecular de isolados de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides patogênicos ao mamoeiro

Twenty-nine monoconidial cultures of Colletotrichum isolated from papaya (Carica papaya) petioles and fruits were characterized by conidial and appressoria morphology, colony color, growth rate, sensitivity to benomyl, presence of setae, presence of the teleomorph, PCR with taxon-specific primers and analysis of PCR-RFLP of the ITS region. The 29 isolates from papaya were identified as C. gloeosporioides, based mainly on conidial and appressoria morphology, with most isolates producing cylindrical and/or obclavate conidia and entirely or weakly lobed appressoria, in contrast with the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) isolate of C. acutatum, which produced fusiform conidia and circular appressoria with entire edges. Presence of setae, teleomorphic stage, colony color, sensitivity to benomyl and growth rate were variable among isolates and influenced by the culture medium. All papaya isolates and four isolates (C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum) from other hosts, mango (Mangifera indica), strawberry and apple (Malus domestica), were pathogenic to papaya fruits cv. Sunrise Solo, producing similar symptoms, but with variability in aggressiveness. PCR with C. gloeosporioides-specific primer, CgInt, confirmed the identity of four papaya isolates. Two other isolates reacted with C. acutatum-specific primer, CaInt2. The majority of papaya isolates (23), however, did not react with any of the primers tested. In contrast, RFLP analysis of the amplified ITS region with RsaI, generated distinct patterns that could differentiate between the two species, C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum, and showed uniformity among papaya isolates.
The Renal Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Aims: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is seen in 15% of hospitalized patients and a renal ultrasound (RUS) is often ordered to exclude an obstructive cause in the initial evaluation of AKI. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness of a RUS in patients with AKI in a developing country. Methods: This was a retrospective study on all patients who were referred to nephrology with AKI and had a RUS, over a one-year period at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. The patients’ charts were reviewed for clinical characteristics and the RUS findings were documented. Results: A significant number of patients did not have documented risk factors for obstruction based on the medical history. Hydronephrosis was found in 22.5% (25 out of 111) of patients, and in 14 of these cases, the etiology of the acute kidney injury was found to be obstructive uropathy. The presence of nephrolithiasis and/or benign prostatic hypertrophy was associated with and increased likelihood of finding hydronephrosis on RUS. Conclusions: We thus recommend doing a renal ultrasound in all cases of AKI due to the fact that most of the time in a developing country, an accurate history is not available, and the prevalence of stone disease and obstructive uropathy is high.
Population‐ and Community‐Level Analyses of Species Occurrences of Central Amazonian Rainforest Tadpoles

In this paper I examine occurrence patterns and habitat use of a New World tropical tadpole species assemblage from primary tropical terra firme forest. First, I describe phenology of reproduction. I then undertake a population approach to examine abiotic characteristics associated with sites used for reproduction by each species. Finally, analysis at a more general level tests to see if some correlative structure exists at the community level, i.e., do sites with similar tadpole species also have similar abiotic characteristics? A significant correlation would indicate, for example, that sites with similar abiotic charac- teristics also share species assemblages. Fifty-three independent aquatic sites were sampled across two consecutive rainy seasons (two 9-mo periods). Twenty-five tadpole species were encountered during the entire study. Significant differences existed among four types of habitats (terra firme pools, peccary wallows, streamside pools, and streams), all located within primary undisturbed forest, with respect to abiotic characteristics such as site permanency and mean depth of water. Most of the rainfall was concentrated between December and May, and phenology of reproduction was strongly affected by the rainfall pattern. For each of the 11 most common species, discriminant analyses revealed the major abiotic characteristics that differed be- tween sites used and not used by those species. On a broader scale of analysis, Mantel tests showed no significant correlations among sites in the similarity of their abiotic character- istics and indices of similarity in their tadpole assemblages. There was also no concordance among sites between either type of similarity and actual proximity of locations. These results indicate that although individual species are responding to habitat characteristics and breed in sites having specific attributes, there are no large-scale species assemblages that covary in habitat use.
The germicidal effect of the open air in different parts of The Netherlands

SUMMARY Using the microthread technique the survival of Escherichia coli MRE 162 in open air was measured in different parts of The Netherlands. The presence of bactericidal compounds (open air factor = OAF) could be demonstrated on several days and quantitated in relative units of OAF concentration. In the absence of ozone the OAF concentration was always low. In the presence of ozone the OAF concentration was dependent on wind direction. At the selected microthread exposure sites air from areas with high traffic intensity contributed more to OAF production than air from industrial areas. OAF production is probably related to the nature of hydrocarbons in the air.
Estimating bark volumes for 16 native tree species on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

Abstract The Sierra Madre Occidental ecoregion accommodates some of the richest biodiversity anywhere in North America and contains about two-thirds of the standing timber biomass in Mexico. Worldwide forest trees provide an industrial output of about 363 million cubic meters, with the volume of bark accounting for an estimated 10% of total tree volume, so that bark is a very important nonwoody product. In this study, the proportion of bark volume (PBV) and its correlation with selected tree characteristics as well as the relationship between total tree volume and wood volume (WV) and total volume and bark volume (BV) were calculated for the first time for the 16 common and commercially most important tree species in the temperate pine-oak forest region of El Salto (Durango) on the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Measurements were made on 2,027 felled trees. The PBV in the species investigated ranges from 0.129 to 0.260 depending on the species and genus, with a mean value of 0.175. BV and WV can be accurately estimated. The approach used in this study is simple and effective, and very user-friendly. The method is recommended for researchers wishing to develop bark models for other tree species.
Tomato pith necrosis caused by Pseudomonas corrugata n. sp.

SUMMARY A disease of mature tomato plants is described, the symptoms of which include brown discoloration and/or necrosis and collapse of the pith. These are sometimes accompanied by vascular browning, external dark brown to black stem lesions, bacterial flux from stem wounds and adventitious root formation. The disease, which appears to be favoured by high humidity and/or free water on the plant surfaces and by high N fertiliser, has been widespread on many glasshouse holdings in England since 1971 but has caused severe loss on only a few. It is thought to be caused by a new species of the genus Pseudomonas for which the name P. corrugata Roberts and Scarlett is proposed.
Evaluating the Contribution of Stocked Walleye Fry and Fingerlings to South Dakota Walleye Populations through Mass Marking with Oxytetracycline

Abstract The contributions of stocked fry and 20–40-mm fingerlings of walleye Stizostedion vitreum to fish populations had not been thoroughly evaluated in eastern South Dakota lakes because of the difficulty in differentiating between stocked and naturally produced fish. This study evaluated methods of mass-marking juvenile walleyes by immersion in an oxytetracycline (OTC) solution and assessed their subsequent contribution to natural populations in South Dakota lakes. The efficacy of marking walleye fry was evaluated at OTC concentrations of 500 and 700 mg/L; fry marked at 700 mg/L had brighter, more easily distinguished marks than did those marked at 500 mg/L. Test-pond fingerlings marked as fry at 700 mg/L all exhibited marks. Hatchery-pond returns of walleye fingerlings 35–45 d after marking suggested no significant differences in the survival of unmarked fry and those marked at 500 or 700 mg/L. The annual (1996–1998) contribution to electrofishing catch per unit effort (CPUE; defined as catch per ho.
FINE STRUCTURE AND TAXONOMY OF SYNEDROPSIS KARSTETERI SP. NOV. (FRAGILARIACEAE, BACILLARIOPHYTA), A BLOOM-FORMING, BRACKISH-WATER, PLANKTONIC, ARAPHID DIATOM FROM PERDIDO BAY, NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO

Dense cell concentrations of a brackish-water, araphid diatom, Synedropsis sp. , collected in the summers of 1995 and 1996 from Perdido Bay, northeastern Gulf of Mexico, afforded an opportunity to examine the structure of the frustule in detail and to identify this bloom-forming species as Synedropsis karsteteri sp. nov. It is characterized by the presence of two elongated plastids, a single rimoportula per valve and the apical slit fields, each consisting of 2–3 slits. The morphology and taxonomy of the new species is discussed and compared with the generitype, S. hyperborea, and other species, including S. roundii. A dichotomous key to the identification of all currently described Synedropsis species is also provided.
Effects of Pressure on Enzyme Activities of Lactobacillus helveticus LHE-511

The effects of pressure on the enzyme activities of Lacto-bacillus helveticus LHE-511 were examined. Treatment at 400 MPa at 30°C for 10 min completely inhibited acid-producing activity, but the activities of aminopeptidase (AP) and X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (X-PDAP), which are important for acceleration of cheese ripening, increased. These results showed that pressure treatment of L. helveticus LHE-511 selectively inactivates its acid-producing activity.
Effect of Stock Density and Ploidy in Jundia, Rhamdia quelen, Larvae Performance

The performance (growth and survival) of diploid and triploid jundia, Rhamdia quelen, was evaluated at six different stocking densities (10, 60, 110, 160, 210, 260 larvae/liter) during 31 days after rearing in an intensive larviculture system. Triploid fish exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than diploids at all stocking densities (27.1 ± 4.3% vs. 12.1 ± 3.3%; P < 0.01). Survival was not affected by stocking density (P > 0.05). Length gain was not affected by either ploidy or stocking density. Diploid fish gained more weight than triploids (P < 0.05), though this difference could result from lower fish densities in diploid treatments resulting from the higher mortality rate of diploid fish. This hypothesis is strengthened by the higher biomass present in triploid treatments (P < 0.01).
Variable cultivar response to metalaxyl treatment in pearl millet

Two formulations of metalaxyl were tested as seed treatments for control of downy mildew and for their effects on germination, emergence, time of flowering, and grain yield with four pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) cultivars that varied in susceptibility to this disease. Germination was reduced significantly (P = 0.05) in all cultivars at the higher rate of fungicide application but emergence was reduced in only one of the four cultivars; however, metalaxyl gave significant (P=0.05) grain yield increases only on the two most susceptible cultivars. In the field trial, significant (P=0.05) reductions in downy mildew were obtained with all fungicide treatments
Do microtubules orient plant cell wall microfibrils

Cortical microtubules (MTs) allegedly orient nascent cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) in plant cells. The frequently observed parallelism between them, and the effect of MT-depolymerizing agents, are the bases for this hypothesis. Data have, however, accumulated about cells in which MTs and CMFs are not in parallel alignment. These data will be reviewed. MT orientation cannot be the only factor determining CMF orientation, but MTs could overrule other factors in cells where, for instance, they are more tightly attached to the plasma membrane than in other cells. MT and CMF orientations could, however, both be controlled by a third factor, and CMFs may even impose orientation on MTs.
The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton

Preface 1. What is phytoplankton? 2. Mechanisms of suspension 3. Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton 4. Photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton 5. Nutrients 6. Growth and survival 7. Loss process 8. Periodicity and change in phytoplankton composition Glossary and symbols References Index to lakes and rivers Index to genera/species General index.
Insulin Signaling in Arteries Prevents Smooth Muscle Apoptosis

Objective—Insulin is an antiapoptotic factor of cultured vascular cells, but it is not clear whether it also exerts antiapoptotic effects on vascular cells in vivo. We studied insulin receptor signaling in the arteries of normal and diabetic rats to establish whether insulin exhibits antiapoptotic activity toward vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo as well as in vitro. Methods and Results—Western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed &agr;- and &bgr;-subunits of the insulin receptor in association with insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the media of the aorta and carotid artery. The insulin receptor signaling pathway was partially activated under physiological conditions, further activated by intravenous insulin injection, and was attenuated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lipopolysaccharide injection induced more apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic rats than in control rats, whereas insulin prevented apoptosis in the aortic wall. An in vitro study suggested that the antiapoptotic effect of insulin was mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Conclusions—Insulin is an antiapoptotic factor of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Decreased insulin activity on the artery may increase smooth muscle cell death and cause unstable plaque formation associated with diabetes.
Considerações sobre pulgas (Siphonaptera) da raposa Cerdocyon thous (Canidae) da área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral de Jacobina, Bahia, Brasil

From July to September of 1998, 152 fleas were collected from 18 specimens of the fox Cerdocyon thous captured in the visceral leishmaniasis endemic area of Jacobina, State of Bahia, Brazil. The fleas were identified as: 136 Rhopalopsyllus lutzi lutzi, 11 Pulex irritans, 2 Ctenocephalides canis, 1 Ctenocephalides felis felis and 2 Xenopsylla cheopis.
Study the Impact of Customers’ Loyalty and Satisfaction on Bank’s Financial Performance (A Case Study of Resalat Bank)

Purpose: This study attempts to provide a holistic approach of the Iran's banking sector and how it's financial operates by focusing on customer's loyalty and satisfaction. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using standard questionnaires a survey was carried out in the banking sector of Iran in order to collect information regarding customer satisfaction and loyalty, and their impact on financial performance. To test the customer satisfaction and loyalty the questionnaires spread between the customers of Resalat Bank and to test the financial performance it has been spread between staffs, assistants, and managers of the bank. At the end structural equation modelling was used to test the related hypotheses. Findings: The final findings of the research indicated the positive and significant impact of loyalty and satisfaction of the customer on the financial performance of Resalat Bank. Originality/Value: There are some few studies that have incorporated customer satisfaction, loyalty and the financial performance of banks, therefore, in this study can contribute in this regard. To take it one step further, some more factors were included to present a more holistic approach of how customer satisfaction and loyalty are enhanced. Original Research Article Hosseini and Shahmoradi; BJEMT, 12(4): 1-11, 2016; Article no.BJEMT. 23925 2
Transcript Level Analysis of Lignin and Flavonoid Biosynthesis Related Genes in Eucalyptus globulus

We have investigated a correlation of transcript abundances of key genes that influence the quality of wood and flavonoid biosynthesis, such as the two p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) and the two chalcone synthases (CHS) from Eucalyptus globulus grown in a greenhouse. The EglHCT1 and EglHCT2 transcripts accumulated in stems of all ages, but to a lesser extent in leaves. On the other hand, EglCHS3 and EglCHS4 exhibited high transcript levels in leaves, roots and shoots, but low levels in the stem. A positive correlation (R2 > 0.70) was observed between the transcript levels of the EglHCT1, EglHCT2 genes and Klason lignin (KL) content. In addition, the sum of transcript levels of EglHCT1 and EglHCT2 genes were highly correlated to KL contents (R2 > 0.85). However, there is no relationship between transcript levels of two CHS genes and, KL or flavonoid contents. This may imply that lignin biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis are independently regulated in E. globulus.