Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Некоторые нерешенные задачи информатики для научных исследований

This article deals with some open problems of informatics resolving of which will be useful for scientific researches, particularly for research tasks of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. A within-the-Far-East-Branch integration of computational, information and analytical resources of Institutes and subdivisions on the basis of an existing corporate network of the Branch is the topical problem.
Investigating Musculoskeletal Discomforts and their Relation to Workplace Ergonomic Conditions among Computer Office Workers at Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are relatively prevalent among office employees of hospitals. These disorders are related to several ergonomic risk factors including failure to cope with physical job demands, repetitive motions, contact stress, and poor or inappropriate body postures. This study was conducted to evaluate MSDs in computer office workers at Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed at Alzahra Hospital in summer 2014. Overall, 71 office workers were enrolled in the study via systematic sampling method. Ergonomic risk factors were evaluated using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) checklist. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) was used to assess MSDs. The collected data were analyzed using Spearman and Pearson correlation tests in SPSS software. Results: Musculoskeletal discomfort was mostly prevalent in the neck, low back, and shoulder area, respectively. Moreover, 97.2% of participants had final ROSA scores of 5 and higher. Spearman correlation test showed a direct relationship between the final ROSA score and severity of musculoskeletal discomfort in the upper limb area including arm, forearm, and wrist (P < 0.05); this relationship did not exist for other parts of the body. Conclusion: Based on the ROSA scores, most individuals working with computers were prone to MSDs. Therefore, it is necessary to implement suitable ergonomic interventions targeting body postures and work place improvements.
PERBANDINGAN HASIL DIAGNOSTIK MISKONSEPSI MENGGUNAKAN THREETIER DAN FOURTIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST PADA MATERI GERAK LURUS

Penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil miskonsepsi siswa dengan menggunakan three-tier diagnostic test dan four-tier diagnostic test pada materi gerak lurus di MAN Model Banda Aceh. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA MAN Model Banda Aceh yang berjumlah 118 responden. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan tes diagnostik miskonsepsi. Pengolahan data menggunakan CRI (Certainty Respons Index) dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase instrumen three-tier diagnostic test sebesar 45% dan instrumen four-tier diagnostic test sebesar 31% sehingga perbandingan antara three-tier diagnostic test dan four-tier diagnostic test yaitu 3:2, artinya three-tier diagnostic test lebih banyak mendiagnostik miskonsepsi dibandingkan four-tier diagnostic test.
Exploring nexus among diversity, stressful living environment and health outcomes: A global perspective

Background: Diversity is one of the buzzwords of the early twenty-first century and became a concept that bears multiple meanings to different groups of people. Diversity is most often referred to as the variety of human groups, societies, or cultures in a specific region, or in the whole world. Stress is any change in the environment that requires your body to react and it is non-specific response of the body to any demand. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. Diversity and stressful living environment generate discrimination, segregation and social unrest that escalate the pressure on world’s population which led to inadequate physical and mental health. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between diversity, stressful living environment and health outcomes by using the secondary data of 187-countries of the world. Method: This study has applied Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for empirical analysis. Alesina’s fractionalization index has been used for measurement of diversity on the basis of ethnic and religious groups. Index of stressful living environment has been constructed employing Principal Components Analysis (PCA) technique by combining seven equally weighed variables i.e. homicide rates, GDP per capita, income inequality, corruption perception, unemployment, urban air pollution and life expectancy. Index of health outcomes comprised by core health related indicators defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) such as health status, health related risk factors, health related coverage, and health system. Results: The empirical findings revealed that diversity and stressful living environment both have negative and significant impact on health outcomes. Conclusion: This study concludes that diversity and stressful living environment both have a negative standing with health outcomes. Despite the fact that diversity cannot be reduced due to ethnic and religious diversity is an inherent part of most societies in a globalised world. However, it is unlikely to be halted yet the unintended negative impacts of such increased diversity can be minimized by establishing cohesiveness in society, that allow people to live in a healthy and stress-free environment. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2019; 33(4):212-218] Keywords: Stressful Living Environment; Ethnic Diversity; Religious Diversity, Health Outcomes.
Therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy of root block procedure in lumbosacral radiculopathy: A study of 75 cases

Background: Back pain and leg pain are one of the most common symptoms in day to day orthopaedic clinical practice. Also, there is rise in incidence of discogenic back ache because of changed lifestyle, abnormal posture of sitting and lying, continuous sitting in vehicles, and inadequate physical activities. Selective nerve root blockings having the diagnostic and therapeutic use, which is popular and possess certain advantages in avoiding uncertain potential of surgical complications. Aim: To evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of selective nerve root block procedure. To study relief in terms of pain alleviation, decrease in disability and straight leg raising (SLR) restriction. Materials and Method: It is a Prospective study of 75 patients of sciatic radiculopathy between the ages of 20 and 60 years are assessed under study that satisfied the inclusion criteria, received selective nerve blocks. Patients were assessed for pain relief and disability reduction. Results: Total of 75 patients were included in study with 55 males and 20 females with male to female ratio of approx 2:1. The VAS and ODI scores were evaluated in the patients received the nerve block. There was significant immediate improvement in the VAS score and reduction in ODI score at 1 week, 1 month and 6 month of follow-up period in patients. Conclusion: SNRB is a important and most effective less expensive and minimal invasive treatment modality to provide relief to patients with pain and long lasting therapeutic benefits. This allows the patients to resume the physical activity or work.
High Risk Pregnancy

High risk mothers require constant observation during the AN period especially during the last few weeks of pregnancy. These High risk mothers should be admitted at the PHC prior to the expected date of delivery for constant observation and to continue the treatment. AN mothers with following high risk factors should be admitted in the PHC and they should be transferred to the CEmONC centers well before the EDD to plan the strategy for the individual case management and to provide quality EmONC services. In case if the mother develops complication during admission they should be immediately referred to the CEmONC center . On admission the mother should be examined and individual case sheet should be maintained. During the stay at PHC all the high risk mothers should be observed for the following vital indicators at the specified periodicity both by the Medical Officer and Staff Nurse/ANM.
The Support Needs of Nurses Caring for TB Patients at Tshilidzini Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease which is caused by a relatively large, non-motile, rod-shaped pathogen called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is a major cause of illness and death worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. Despite the fact that TB is a curable illness, the tragedy is that TB remains the biggest killer in the world as a single pathogen. The purpose of this study was to describe the support needs of nurses caring for TB patients at Tshilidzini Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Qualitative, exploratory and descriptive designs were used. Purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. The personal support needs of six nurses caring for TB patients at Tshilidzini hospital were explored, and it was guided by data saturation. Data was collected through in-depth individual interviews, field notes were taken and data audio-recorded. Data was analysed using Colaizzi’s (1978) method of data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured and ethical considerations were observed.The research findings revealed two major themes from the raw data: support structure available in the hospital and support needs for the nurses.The findings of this study revealed that nurses are in need of special support from the management. Therefore there is an urgent need to address this problem by the Department of Health, Hospital Executive Managers and Nursing Service Manager.
Targeting ST2 expressing activated regulatory T cells in Kras-mutant lung cancer

ABSTRACT Oncogenic KRAS-mutant lung cancers remain treatment refractory. A better understanding of the immune response of KRAS-mutant lung cancers is required to facilitate the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of immune cells that promote tumor progression through suppressing anti-tumor immune response. Here, we used KrasG12D lung cancer mice to examine the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating Tregs. In tumor-bearing animals, Tregs are increased during tumor progression. Of note, a majority of Tregs that localized in lung tumors of Kras-mutant mice expressed ST2, a receptor for IL-33, which are different from Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs. To investigate the function of local Tregs influencing immune response in primary lung tumor development, we used anti-ST2 antibody to deplete Tregs in lung tumors of Kras-mutant mice. Treatment of Kras-mutant mice with anti-ST2 antibody resulted in depletion of activated Tregs in lung tumor while leaving Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs intact. Also, localized Tregs depletion led to a significant reduction in lung tumor burden. Immune response after Tregs depletion in tumors showed restoration of NK cell activity and enhanced Th1 activity, with increased CD8 cytotoxic T cell response. In addition, we found that the M2 macrophage signature in lung tumors was suppressed upon Tregs depletion, accompanied by upregulation of surface expression of MHC-II molecules and reduced expression of Arg1, Mmp12, Cxcl2, and Chi3l3. These data suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting activated Tregs in lung cancer have the potential to restrain tumor progression by enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
The HPQ—Development and First Administration of a Questionnaire for Hypoparathyroid Patients

Hypoparathyroidism patients suffer a variety of complaints often leading to reduced quality of life. Currently, no specific standard instrument exists to measure corresponding disease manifestations. We therefore aimed to develop a disease‐characteristic questionnaire for hypoparathyroid patients. We used an analytical‐empirical approach for questionnaire construction based on retrospective analysis of four well‐established but non‐disease‐specific questionnaires (Symptom Checklist 90, revised [SCL‐90‐R]; Giessen Complaint List [GBB]; Short‐Form‐36 Health Survey [SF‐36]; von Zerssen Symptom List [B‐L Zerssen]) and two additional unpublished or local questionnaires (SHGdQ and GPQ) in a German hypoparathyroidism self‐help group (n = 60). Retrospective data were compared with corresponding general population norms. The new questionnaire was administered prospectively over 1 year to patients with postoperative hypoparathyroidism and two control groups to validate specificity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability testing were applied to identify relevant scales and reduce overlapping items. In the self‐help group, SCL‐90‐R revealed elevated symptom load in four complaint areas (p = 0.003 to p < 0.001). The SF‐36 mental summary score (p < 0.001) and further scales were lowered. In the GBB, four of five scales (p = 0.009 to p < 0.001) were elevated. In the B‐L Zerssen, 6 of 24 items revealed complaint areas. Based on these findings, the new 40‐item “Hypoparathyroid Patient Questionnaire” (HPQ 40) was developed, tested prospectively, and further analyzed. EFA revealed five scales (pain and cramps, gastrointestinal symptoms, depression and anxiety, neurovegetative symptoms, loss of vitality), all with Cronbach's alpha >0.7. The questionnaire was revised accordingly and shortened to 28 questions to avoid redundancy. We present a new disease‐characteristic questionnaire for hypoparathyroidism patients. Prospective testing revealed five major complaint areas and promising psychometric properties. This questionnaire can be tested for usefulness in further clinical trials. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency: What we know and what we don’t know

Glucocorticoids have an important role in the maintenance of vascular tone, endothelial integrity, and vascular permeability in the setting of acute illness. Elevation of plasma cortisol concentrations is part of the adaptive mechanisms in acute illness and inappropriately low plasma cortisol has been linked with increased mortality. Based on this, the concept of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) was first introduced in 2008 and refers to inadequate cellular corticosteroid activity for the severity of the patient’s illness. This results in neurologic symptoms, such as confusion, delirium and coma, hypotension that is refractory to fluid resuscitation, decreased sensitivity to catecholamines, intolerance to enteral nutrition, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, and metabolic acidosis. To date, although the importance of glucocorticoids in the setting of acute illness is well accepted, the concept of CIRCI, its diagnostic criteria, and appropriate treatment are not established, and in 2016, relative adrenal insufficiency was listed by Depuydt et al among “the ten diseases that are not diseases” in a publication in Intensive Care Medicine.
A Comparison of Fat Graft Processing Techniques: Outcomes in 1,158 Procedures in Prosthetic Breast Reconstructions

Background: As fat grafting in breast reconstruction evolves, questions of technique and outcomes persist. We compared 2 common fat processing techniques—decantation (DEC) versus closed wash and filtration (CWF)—with regard to outcomes and efficacy. Methods: Chart review of a single surgeon experience with breast fat grafting was performed. Data extracted included demographics, technique, complications, graft volume, and revision rates. Secondarily, the timeline of complication profiles was analyzed. Lastly, subgroup analysis of radiated versus nonradiated breast outcomes was performed. Results: One thousand one hundred fifty-eight fat grafting procedures were performed on 775 breasts (654 DEC, 504 CWF). Time-to-event analysis for all complications showed no difference between groups. Independent risk factors for fat necrosis included DEC technique, body mass index >30 kg/m2, and fat injection >75 mL. The majority of cases of fat necrosis, cyst/nodule formation, ultrasounds, and biopsies occurred more than 6 months after grafting. Average graft volume was lower in DEC compared with CWF breasts (50.6 versus 105.0 mL, P < 0.01), and more DEC breasts required repeat fat grafting procedures (39.9% versus 29.6%, P < 0.01). Radiated breasts received larger fat graft volume (89.9 versus 72.4 mL, P < 0.01) and required more fat graft procedures (average 1.62 versus 1.47, P < 0.01). Conclusions: This study represents the largest series of breast reconstruction fat grafting to date. DEC harvest technique may be a risk factor for fat necrosis, which results in less fat injection and greater need for repeat procedures. Similarly, radiated breasts require larger graft volume and more repeat procedures.
Assessment of welfare and brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome signs in young, breeding age French Bulldogs and Pugs, using owner questionnaire, physical examination and walk tests

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a major welfare problem in short-nosed breeds, such as the French Bulldog and Pug. In addition to respiratory difficulties, exercise intolerance and impaired recovery are major signs of BOAS. To select healthier breeding animals, exercise tolerance tests, such as the 1,000-m walk test, are already used in several countries for brachycephalic dogs, although evidence supporting their use is still scarce. The aims of this study were to assess the daily welfare of young, breeding-age French Bulldogs (n = 44) and Pugs (n = 51) using an owner questionnaire, and to evaluate 6-min walk test (6MWT) and 1,000-m walk test usability for differentiation between non- or mildly BOAS-affected dogs and more severely affected dogs. Only four out of 95 French Bulldog and Pug owners reported that the BOAS signs limited the daily activities of their dogs. However, according to the physical, examination-based veterinary BOAS grading, 31/95 of the dogs had moderate to severe BOAS signs. In both breeds, the more severely affected dogs performed both exercise tests more poorly than those with no or mild BOAS signs. The longer exercise, namely the 1,000-m test, seemed slightly better able at differentiating between affected dogs and less affected ones. The results of this study further support the use of exercise tests as an important part of the breeding selection in French Bulldogs and Pugs. By influencing the breed standards set by Kennel Clubs and by using breeding selection tools, the harmful impacts of brachycephaly can be diminished.
Beta-cell replacement for treatment of severe hypoglycemia: long-term comparison between islet-kidney vs. pancreas-kidney transplantation

Michael Somogyi showed 1951 that a hypoglycemia induces a higher glucose response after a glucose load. Due to a lack of continuous glucose monitoring it was assumed that a high glucose level in the morning was a sign of nocturnal hypoglycemia. This phenomenon was therefore named after the author, the Somogyi effect. In modern times with continuous glucose measurement it was becoming apparent that fasting plasma glucose below 5 mmol/l indicated in 94% of cases an undetected hypoglycemia during the night, but the same number of patients had a fasting plasma glucose above 5 mmol/l with nocturnal hypoglycemia. If the fasting glucose, however, was above 5 mmol/l, the majority of cases with an elevated pre-breakfast glucose level (57%) was caused by the Dawn phenomenon, a surge of insulin antagonists during the night (growth hormone) or early morning hours without any hypoglycemia during the night. Taken all glucose levels in the morning into account, about one quarter is due to the Somogyi effect and three quarters due to the Dawn phenomenon. Thus, the so called Somogyi phenomenon was much rarer than previously suspected (28%). In this review we analyzed how hypoglycemia can be prevented with beta-cell replacement (islet or pancreas transplantation). Our own experience demonstrated that severe hypoglycemia could be reduced by more than 95%. In addition to avoid severe hypoglycemia the chance to protect the transplanted kidney from loss of function in a setting of simultaneous islet-kidney or pancreas-kidney transplantation was the same in islet and in pancreas transplantation despite the need of additional small insulin doses and the rate of complications and reoperations was significantly less in islet vs. pancreas transplantation. jelenség következménye. A Somogyi-hatás tehát sokkal ritkább (28%) a korábban feltételezettnél. A jelen összefoglaló közlemény részletesen bemutatja, hogy hogyan előzhető meg nem kívánt vércukoresések előfordulása béta-sejt-pótló kezeléssel (szigetsejt- vagy pancreas-transzplantáció). Saját megfigyeléseink szerint e módon a súlyos vércukoresések mintegy 95%-a elkerülhető. Egyidejűleg végzett szigetsejt-vese, illetve pancreas-vese átültetés esetén további előnyt jelent a veseműködés további romlásának megállítása még akkor is, ha kis adag inzulin adása a beavatkozást követően is szükséges marad. Kulcsszavak: hypoglykaemia, Somogyi-jelenség, hajnali jelenség, folyamatos cukorszint-monitorozás, szigetsejt/pancreas-vese átültetés
Endovascular Treatment of Brain Aneurysms

Topic: Chapter discussing the indications for treatment of brain aneurysms, endovascular techniques, tips and tricks. 1. Pathophysiology of aneurysms: Discuss the formation of aneurysms, current thinking of aneurysm development 2. Prevalence/Incidence of aneurysms: Discussion of current state of aneurysm prevalence and how it differs in different populations 3. Unruptured Aneurysms: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment: Imaging paradigms of brain aneurysms, current thoughts on how to follow aneurysms which are being observed, different treatment options for unruptured aneurysms, including clipping, coiling, stent assisted coiling, flow diverter stent, flow disruptors, including the medical management of stent placement 4. Ruptured Aneurysms: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment: Imaging paradigms of ruptured aneurysms, management options for co-morbidities associated with aneurysm rupture, treatment options including coiling, clipping, flow diverter stents, flow disruptors 5. Complication Avoidance: Tips and tricks to avoid complications in the treatment of brain aneurysms.
Using organoid models to predict chemotherapy efficacy: the future of precision oncology?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cancer related causes of death remain a global health issue in both developing and developed countries. Traditionally, therapies have been utilized to indiscriminately treat patients, with therapy approval based on statistical significance from clinical trials. However, cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with many characteristics that affect individual patient response to treatment. Recently, the rise of personalized medicine has coincided with the increased technological capabilities to analyze individuals to provide tailored regimens. However, the ability to determine optimal therapy for a given patient has been based on genomic analysis of therapy targets, with no method to confirm these predicted responses. Areas Covered: In this review, we summarize the efforts in utilizing patient-derived organoids, (PDOs), to analyze tumor response toward treatment for the potential of influencing a clinician’s decision in individual patients. Recent literature suggests an increasing interest in the field, with incorporation of tumors not typically utilized for in vitro study due to difficulties in establishing models. Expert Opinion: The potential applications of this field are diverse in scope. Further research could provide advanced models to mimic patient therapy responses, including immunotherapy and the use of microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip devices in tandem with PDOs to further increase physiological accuracy of cancer models.