Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Rumen Characteristics of Dry Matter, Crude Protein and Neutral Detergent Fiber in the Different Fractions of Leucaena Leucocephala

an experiment was conducted to determine the degradation characteristics of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber in Leucaena edible parts. The rate of degradation (fraction c) of DM and NDF was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the edible parts and the extent of degradation (fraction a + b) and ED of DM and NDF was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in leaves than in pods and twigs. Fraction (c) of CP was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the air dried leaves and twigs. The extent of degradation (fraction a + b) of CP it was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the mature pods.
Mid-Carboniferous conodonts and their evolution: new evidence from Guizhou, South China

We studied details of the conodont assemblages in two deep-water sections spanning the mid-Carboniferous boundary at Guizhou, South China. Forty-six species/subspecies were identified belonging to 13 genera, including Lochriea, Gnathodus, Declinognathodus, Idiognathoides, Idiognathodus, Neognathodus, Neolochriea, Swadelina, ‘Streptognathodusii’, Cavusgnathus, Adetognathus, Rhachistognathus and Hindeodus. The evolutionary relationships among the species of Gnathodus, Neognathodus, Declinognathodus, Idiognathoides, Idiognathodus and Swadelina are discussed based on their P1 and P2 elements, as well as those of the species of Lochriea and Neolochriea. The early Pennsylvanian species of Declinognathodus are specifically studied with a focus on their taxonomy and evolution because of their biostratigraphical significance. These species can be distinguished as being part of the ridged or nodose groups by the parapet features of their P1 elements. The ridged group comprises D. praenoduliferus, D. bernesgae, D. lateralis, the newly recognized taxa D. tuberculosus sp. nov. and D. intermedius sp. nov., and D. cf. pseudolateralis. The nodose group includes D. inaequalis, D. noduliferus and D. japonicus. The number of rostral-ventral nodes of the Declinognathodus P1 elements are gradually reduced stratigraphically. Declinognathodus tuberculosus sp. nov. is considered to be the ancestor of the other ridged Declinognathodus species following a reduction in the number of rostral-ventral nodes; D. intermedius sp. nov. is a species that acts as a link within the lineage of the genera Declinognathodus and Swadelina via the development of an accessory lobe; D. cf. pseudolateralis is considered to be a morphotype that gave rise to the oldest Idiognathodus species, I. primulus, via D. lateralis with the shortening of its groove; and D. bernesgae is interpreted as the ancestor of the genus Idiognathoides following a transition wherein it loses its single node. The ancestry of the ridged group was probably derived from the ridged species Gnathodus postbilineatus. The nodose group may either be derived from D. tuberculosus sp. nov., or from G. girtyi simplex. The mid-Carboniferous boundary in the studied sections can be recognized by the first appearance datum of Declinognathodus tuberculosus sp. nov. Neognathodus is probably derived from Gnathodus girtyi simplex, while species of Neolochriea share a common ancestor with Lochriea commutata. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C13DE4B7-9835-42E3-853F-5F9B533E797F
Two newly identified cheiracanthid acanthodians from the Mey Flagstone Formation (Givetian, Middle Devonian) of the Orcadian Basin, Scotland

Articulated cheiracanthid acanthodians are relatively rare above the Dickosteus thrieplandi biostratigraphic zone in the Orcadian Basin, with Cheiracanthus peachi den Blaauwen, Newman & Burrow the only species identified to date. Here we describe two other taxa Fallodentus davidsoni nov. gen. et sp. and Markacanthus costulatus Valiukevičius from the Mey Flagstone Formation. F. davidsoni occurs at the base of the formation, in the Osteolepis panderi biostratigraphic zone, and is readily identified by its robust fin spines which have a wide longitudinal ridge on each side below the groove separating the leading edge from the side of the spine. The taxon is most similar to Homalacanthus concinnus (Whiteaves) from the younger (Frasnian) Escuminac Formation in Quebec, Canada. The unique specimen of Markacanthus costulatus is from the top of the Mey Flagstone Formation. This taxon was previously only known from isolated scales from the upper Narva and Aruküla Regional Stages of the east Baltic region. The dorsoventral preservation of the head region in the F. davidsoni specimens reveals clearly the position of the ceratohyal cartilages in a cheiracanthid, as well as showing for the first time that there is a basihyal cartilage anterior to the ceratohyals.
Effect of post-emergence herbicides on yield and economics of sesame (Sesamum indicum)

An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, to study effect of post-emergence herbicides on yield and economics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The ex- periment was laid out in a randomzied block design (RBD) replicated thrice, with 8 treatments. Sesame variety TKG 22 was grown by adopting recommended package of practices except weed-control measures which were applied as per treatments. Two hand-weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) gave significantly higher weed control efficiency (94.14%), followed by propaquizafop @ 125 g a.i./ha (69.51%) over rest of the weed-con- trol treatments. Pooled results showed significantly higher growth and yield attributes and seed yield (718 kg/ha), stalk yield (3,243 kg/ha), gross income ( 73.4 103), net income ( 47.3 103) and benefit: cost ratio (2.82) under 2 hand-weeding at 20 and 40 DAS over rest of the weed-control treatments, followed by propaquizafop @ 50 g a.i./ha. Application of propaquizafop @ 125 g a.i./ha produced phytotoxicity on sesame plants and subsequently affected the growth attributes in crop; however, symptoms of chlorosis disappeared 2530 days after application of herbicides.
Impact of invasive plant control on soil loss: a case study on Robinson Crusoe Island

Mechanical and chemical controls are the most common methods used to detain the advance of plant invasions. In some areas, clear‐cutting of invasive plants produces soil loss, one of the worst impacts on ecosystems. It has been argued that cutting invasive plants in small areas with root retention could be an adequate control management strategy to deal with this problem. In this study, the soil loss in small gaps after cutting two invasive woody species with root retention is compared with the soil loss in the invasive surrounding scrubland. On Robinson Crusoe Island, 15 small canopy gaps of 36 m2 were created in an area covered with invasive species. The gaps had three slope ranks including 15–20°, 20–25°, and 25–35°. Annual soil loss was measured both in these gaps and the invasive scrubland over 1 year with graduate erosion pins. In spite of the small size of clear‐cutting areas, we found erosion to be severe, to extremely severe, after plant control with root retention inside the small gaps with slope ranks between 25 and 35°. On the other hand, in slopes less than 25° soil loss was similar in the small clear‐cut gaps and invasive scrublands. Thus, we recommend precaution if the intention is to avoid erosion through clear‐cutting control with root retention in fragile soils and slope areas, even in small areas.
Quantitative trait loci controlling the amino acid content in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

The amino acid composition of rice is a major concern of rice breeders because amino acids are among the most important nutrient components in rice. In this study, a genetic map was constructed with a population of 134 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Dasanbyeo (Tongil-type indica) and TR22183 (temperate japonica), as a means to detect the main and epistatic effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the amino acid content (AAC). Using a linkage map which covered a total of 1458 cM based on 239 molecular marker loci, a total of six main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) was identified for the content of six amino acids that were mapped onto chromosome 3. For all the M-QTLs, the TR22183 allele increased the trait values. The QTL cluster (flanked by id3015453 and id3016090) on chromosome 3 was associated with the content of five amino acids. The phenotypic variation, explained by the individual QTLs located in this cluster, ranged from 10.2 to 12.4%. In addition, 26 epistatic QTLs (Ep-QTLs) were detected and the 25 loci involved in this interaction were distributed on all nine chromosomes. Both the M-QTLs and Ep-QTLs detected in this study will be useful in breeding programs which target the development of rice with improved amino acid composition.
Purification and identification of a novel antidiabetic peptide from Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) protein hydrolysate against α-amylase and α-glucosidase

ABSTRACT This study aimed to purify and identify a novel antidiabetic peptides from Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) protein hydrolysate and to evaluate its anti-diabetic properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The isolation was done by gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography (RF-HLPC), and finally peptide and amino acid sequences were identified by LC/MS/MS system. Our results revealed five novel peptides that strongly inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The peptides’ amino acid sequences were Cys-Ser-Ser-Val (MW = 393.99 Da), Tyr-Ser-Phe-Arg (MW = 570.99 Da), Ser-Ala-Ala-Pro (MW = 343.89 Da), Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro (MW = 325.99 Da) and Leu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Asn (MW = 415.99 Da) possessing α-amylase inhibitory activity IC50 of 13.76 × 103, 10.82 × 103, 4.46 × 103, 4.23 × 103, and 2.86 × 103 µg/mL, respectively; and for α-glucosidase with IC50 of 206.00, 162.00, 66.90, 63.50, and 42.93 µg/mL, respectively. Intriguingly, the peptide LGGGN showed higher inhibition on both α-amylase and α-glucosidase and could be considered as a potential anti-diabetic inhibitor.
Study on Plant Diversity of Mountain Areas of Yangmeikeng and Chiao, Shenzhen, China

In this study, Yangmeikeng mountain area with a long-term natural restoration status (communities 1, 2, and 3) and Chiao mountain area with an artificially disturbed status (communities 4 and 5) in Shenzhen in China were subjected to plant community composition and diversity statistical analysis on the basis of the following indices: plant height; density; tree layer DBH; coverage; number of family, genus, and species; calculated diversity indices; richness; similarity coefficients of family, genus and species; and species evenness. The diversity levels of each index in each community were compared, and the relationships of family, genus, and species in the communities with one another were determined. The integrated diversity levels in the two areas were also analyzed. Results showed that the composition status of three communities, especially communities 2 and 3, which were located at high elevation, in Yangmeikeng with the long-term natural restoration status was better. The diversity values were also evidently higher. The vegetation composition in Yangmeikeng was also greater than that in Chiao. The integration status of numerous diversity indices, such as evenness and richness, was higher than that of the latter. These data could be used as a basis for arguments regarding the status of natural and artificial forest biodiversities. Many species in the community in artificial forests were shrubs and herbs. The richness and proportion of tree species were distinctly low. Thus, shrubs and herbs were the main components of the artificial interference community. The number and richness of the tree species in natural or long-term natural restoration forests were higher than those of the former. The family diversity Df of the three communities in Yangmeikeng was slightly lower than that of the two communities in Chiao. By contrast, the genus diversity Dg, family richness, and genus richness in Yangmeikeng were higher than those in Chiao. In terms of α-diversity and similarity coefficient, family, genus, and species were not directly related to one another. Therefore, species, genus, and family composition should be combined with their diversity status in the statistical and biodiversity analysis of a community. Synthetic diversity indices should be further analyzed to evaluate the diversity status of a community objectively.
Mechanism of Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly: In the Intimacy of Iron and Sulfur Encounter

Iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are protein cofactors of a multitude of enzymes performing essential biological functions. Specialized multi-protein machineries present in all types of organisms support their biosynthesis. These machineries encompass a scaffold protein on which Fe–S clusters are assembled and a cysteine desulfurase that provides sulfur in the form of a persulfide. The sulfide ions are produced by reductive cleavage of the persulfide, which involves specific reductase systems. Several other components are required for Fe–S biosynthesis, including frataxin, a key protein of controversial function and accessory components for insertion of Fe–S clusters in client proteins. Fe–S cluster biosynthesis is thought to rely on concerted and carefully orchestrated processes. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of their assembly has remained a challenging task due to the biochemical versatility of iron and sulfur and the relative instability of Fe–S clusters. Nonetheless, significant progresses have been achieved in the past years, using biochemical, spectroscopic and structural approaches with reconstituted system in vitro. In this paper, we review the most recent advances on the mechanism of assembly for the founding member of the Fe–S cluster family, the [2Fe2S] cluster that is the building block of all other Fe–S clusters. The aim is to provide a survey of the mechanisms of iron and sulfur insertion in the scaffold proteins by examining how these processes are coordinated, how sulfide is produced and how the dinuclear [2Fe2S] cluster is formed, keeping in mind the question of the physiological relevance of the reconstituted systems. We also cover the latest outcomes on the functional role of the controversial frataxin protein in Fe–S cluster biosynthesis.
Acylated anthocyanins from organic purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) produced in Brazil

Acylated anthocyanins from a purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP), obtained by organic cultivation in Brazil, were characterized after separation by a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-PDA). These anthocyanins were manually collected at the detector output, concentrated and injected into a high resolution mass spectrometer (ESIQTOF-MS2). Twenty-two acylated anthocyanins were detected. Among them, sixteen had been reported in the literature and six, derived from peonidin were reported for the first time in sweet potato roots in this study. These compounds showed molecular ions with accurate mass/charge ratios (m/z) of 909.2081, 961.3010, 961.2571, 963.3345, 1123.2932 and 1179.3862. Although anthocyanins in PFSP have already been extensively studied, the variety studied in this work is probably genetically different from all varieties and cultivars already researched, which would explain why these anthocyanins have not been observed in the previously studied varieties.
Can Psychological Traits Explain Mobility Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

The current COVID-19 pandemic is a global, exogenous shock, impacting individuals’ decision making and behavior allowing researchers to test theories of personality by exploring how traits, in conjunction with individual and societal differences, affect compliance and cooperation. Study 1 used Google mobility data and nation-level personality data from 31 countries, both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, finding that agreeable nations are most consistently compliant with mobility restrictions. Study 2 (N = 105,857) replicated these findings using individual-level data, showing that several personality traits predict sheltering in place behavior, but extraverts are especially likely to remain mobile. Overall, our analyses reveal robust relationships between traits and regulatory compliance (mobility behavior), both before and after region-specific legislative interventions, and the global declaration of the pandemic. Further, we find significant effects on reasons for leaving home, as well as age and gender differences, particularly relating to female agreeableness for previous and future social mobility behaviors. These sex differences, however, are only visible for those living in households with two or more people, suggesting that such findings may be driven by division of labor.
Preparedness of members of the Indonesian emergency and disaster nurses association

Disaster is a global issue all around the world, and Indonesia has shifted its disaster mitigation strategies from emergency response to disaster management preparedness. This research analysed factors influencing the preparedness of members of the Indonesian emergency and disaster association (IEDNA) in the face of natural disasters in Indonesia. This research is analytical-observational with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was performed on a population of 510 member nurses of the IEDNA by the probability sampling technique. Out of the 510 member nurses of the IEDNA, 107 were enrolled in this research. The Fisher’s exact test results show that knowledge had p= 0.001 (p< 0.05), while facilities and infrastructures availability p= 0.000 (p< 0.05), in their effects on nurse preparedness. The multivariate analysis yielded Exp(B) of 0.022 for knowledge and Exp(B) of 0.003 for facilities and infrastructures availability, while the Nagelkerke’s R-squared obtained was 66%. The variable preparedness was largely good, and there were significant relationships of knowledge and facilities and infrastructures availability to the preparedness of members of the IEDNA. The strongest factor was knowledge.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae)

6 clade, in which the highly supported Eurasian Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Microcnemum, the North American Arthrocnemum subterminale and Tecticornia form an unresolved polytomy. Sarcocornia and Salicornia also form a monophyletic clade in which the American and Eurasian species of Sarcocornia and Salicornia respectively form well-supported clades. However, the Southern and Eastern African and Australian Sarcocornia are only moderately supported. Salicornioideae probably originated in Eurasia during the late Eocene to early Oligocene. The divergence of the early main clades took place in the middle Oligocene. Long-distance dispersal has taken place several times to the Americas (Allenrolfea/Heterostachys, Arthrocnemum subterminale, Salicornia/Sarcocornia), South Africa (Halopeplis, Salicornia/Sarcocornia) and Australia (Tecticornia, Salicornia/Sarcocornia). Based on these results, an updated generic classification of Salicornioideae is proposed with two main novelties: 1) the two species of Arthrocnemum are separated and described as two different genera, Arthrocaulon and Arthroceras, 2) Sarcocornia is treated as congeneric with Salicornia. In addition, all Australian genera (Halosarcia, Pachycornia, Sclerostegia, Tecticornia, Tegicornia) are treated under Tecticornia as proposed earlier by Australian researchers. For Salicornia (incl. Sarcocornia) a new infrageneric classification is proposed to accommodate the four phylogenetically and geographically well-supported lineages within the genus. Nomenclatural questions are given special emphasis. Thirty new nomenclatural combinations and one novem novum are published, and thirteen lectotypifications and one epitypification are made in the papers included in the work.
Resiliency and mental health of school teachers in Okinawa

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the mental health issues among teachers globally and to investigate the significant factors that specifically impact the mental health of school teachers in Okinawa, Japan.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study examined depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem and resiliency among 174 teachers from seven schools in Okinawa, Japan. The study questionnaire consisted of four parts, including demographic data, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-42), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of mental health variables.FindingsOf the 174 teachers, 111 were females (64%) and 60 were males (35%). Average age of participants was 41.65 (SD = 10.07). Average number of years being a teacher was 15.50 (SD = 9.88). There was a significant gender difference in the level of self-esteem. Significant differences in anxiety were found among varying grade levels taught. Regression analyses indicated that resiliency and self-esteem significantly predicted depression, anxiety and stress among school teachers in Okinawa.Originality/valueThis is the first study among school teachers in Okinawa that examined the impact of resiliency and self-esteem on their mental health. To reduce psychological distress common within the teaching profession, social and environmental support should be provided within the school to better foster the successful promotion of teacher resiliency and self-esteem.
Phytochemical Components, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Mulberry Mistletoe (Loranthus parasiticus Merr) Leaves Extracts

Herein, we investigated the effects of solvents on the phytochemical components, antioxidant activities, and cytotoxicity of Mulberry mistletoe leaves. An FT-IR method was performed to identify the essential functional groups of crude powder. Total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid content, and total flavonoids content were measured. Further, in vitro antioxidant activities were performed using different assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating activities, reducing power, total antioxidant capacity. The cytotoxicity of each extract was tested using the MDCK cell line. The results showed that different solvents showed a significant difference in phytochemical contents, antioxidant activities, as well as cytotoxicity. We Original Research Article Thoa and Cuong; AJB2T, 2(4): 1-11, 2017; Article no.AJB2T. 39166 2 found that pure water extraction had remarkably higher phytochemical values and greater antioxidant activities than pure ethanol or the water-ethanol system. In this sense, pure water may thus be considered a suitable solvent based on its acceptability for human consumption without toxicity, low cost and environmental friendliness.
Modified Atmospheres as an Environmental Friendly Procedure to Control the Fennel Wasp Systole sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

This study aimed to evaluate different modified atmospheres as an environmental friendly procedure for controlling the fennel wasp Systole sp. The tested modified atmospheres (MAs) contained 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 % of carbon dioxide (CO2) in air as well as 97 and 98 % of nitrogen (N2). Heavy infested fennel seeds were exposed to these MAs at 15, 25 and 35 °C combined with different exposure periods. The wasp emergence from the infested seeds exposed to MAs decreased gradually by increasing the exposure periods, CO2 or N2 contents and temperatures. MAs containing CO2 were more effective than those containing N2based on the reduction of the adult emergence. Complete reduction in emergence (100 % ) of CO2 treatments was recorded with 60, 70 and 80 % of CO2 at 35°C after 15 days of exposure. Meanwhile, in case of 97 and 98 % of N2, 25 days of exposure were needed to reach zero emergence at 25 and 35 °C. No effect was observed on the emergence of adult wasps from the infested seeds that were exposed to MAs containing 97 or 98 % of N2 at 15 °C. It is recommended to use at least 60–70 % of CO2 for 15 days and 97–98 % of N2 for 25 days at 35°C for controlling Systole sp.