Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Jet Properties of γ-Ray-loud Active Galactic Nuclei

Based on broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we estimate the jet physical parameters of 1392 γ-ray-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the largest sample so far. The (SED) jet power and magnetization parameter are derived for these AGNs. Out of these sources, the accretion disk luminosity of 232 sources and (extended) kinetic jet powers of 159 sources are compiled from archived papers. We find the following. (1) Flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lacs are well separated by in the γ-ray luminosity versus photon index plane with a success rate of 88.6%. (2) Most FSRQs present a (SED) jet power larger than the accretion power, which suggests that the relativistic jet-launching mechanism is dominated by the Blandford–Znajek process. This result confirms previous findings. (3) There is a significant anticorrelation between jet magnetization and a ratio of the (SED) jet power to the (extended) kinetic jet power, which, for the first time, provides supporting evidence for the jet energy transportation theory: a high-magnetization jet may more easily transport energy to a large scale than a low-magnetization jet.
Evaluating a Global Soil Moisture dataset from a Multitask Model (GSM3 v1.0) for current and emerging threats to crops

Climate change threatens our ability to grow food for a growing population. There are concurrent droughts and floods happening globally, with the greatest impacts felt in Africa. There is a need for high-quality soil moisture predictions in under-monitored regions like Africa. Yet it is unclear if soil moisture processes are globally similar enough to allow our models to maintain accuracy in unmonitored regions. We present a multitask long short-term memory (LSTM) model that learns simultaneously from global satellite-based and in-situ soil 15 moisture data. This model is evaluated in both random spatial holdout mode and continental holdout mode (trained on some continents, tested on a different one). The model compared favorably to current land surface models, satellite products, and a candidate machine learning model, reaching a global median correlation of 0.792 for the random spatial holdout test. It behaved surprisingly well in Africa and Australia, showing high correlation even when we excluded their sites from the training set, but performed relatively poorly in Alaska where rapid changes 20 are occurring. In all but one continent (Asia), the multitask model in the worst-case scenario test performed better than the soil moisture active passive (SMAP) 9-km product. Factorial analysis shows that the LSTM model’s accuracy with representing impacts of terrain aspect, resulting in lower performance for dry and south-facing slopes or wet and north-facing slopes. This knowledge helps us apply the model while understanding its limitations. This model is being integrated into an operational agricultural assistance application which currently 25 provides information to 13 million African farmers. Under-monitored regions like Africa need high-quality soil moisture predictions to help with food production, but it is not clear if soil moisture processes are similar enough around the world for data-driven models to maintain 30 accuracy. We present a deep-learning-based soil moisture model that learns from both in-situ data and satellite data and performs better than satellite products at the global scale. These results help us apply our model globally while better understanding its limitations. results
Association of Telehealth with Short-Interval Follow-Up

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to wide adoption of telehealth in primary care. The impact of telehealth on subsequent follow-up visit volume is mixed. This study examines the association of newly expanded telehealth with short-interval follow-up visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic primary care practice. Methods: Scheduling data were used to compare rates of 0 to 60-day follow-up visits after telehealth and in-person visits before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Compared with in-person visits, telehealth visits were associated with signiﬁcantly higher rates of total short-interval follow-ups and higher rates of ﬁrst short-interval follow-ups occurring in 0 to 15 days. Discussion: Higher rates of short-interval follow-up may be due to inefﬁciencies created by rapid expansion of telehealth including suboptimal scheduling algorithms, pandemic-related safety consider-ations, and discomfort with the visit modality. Short-interval follow-ups have potential negative impacts on practice access, patient-centered outcomes, and sustainability of telehealth in primary care. Conclusion: Newly expanded telehealth visits conducted in the year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in higher rates and sooner ﬁrst occurrence of short-interval follow-up visits. Future research should identify optimal scheduling processes for telehealth visits to minimize short-interval follow-ups. ( J Am Board Fam Med 2022;35:485–490.)
Diagnostic Utility of the Relative Intensity of 3C to 3D in Fe XVII

The relative intensity R of the resonance and intercombination line in neon-like Fe XVII, located at 15.01 and 15.26 Å, respectively, has been measured at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory electron beam ion trap EBIT-II as a function of the relative abundance of sodium-like Fe XVI. Our measurements identify several Fe XVI lines and one Fe XV line in this region. We show that an Fe XVI inner shell satellite line coincides with the intercombination line and can significantly reduce the apparent R. We measure R = 1.90 ± 0.11 when the relative abundance of Fe XVI to Fe XVII is ~1. This explains the anomalously low ratios observed in the solar and stellar coronae. The fact that the apparent relative intensity of the resonance and intercombination line in Fe XVII is sensitive to the strength of an Fe XVI inner shell satellite, and therefore, the relative abundance of Fe XVI to Fe XVII, makes the line ratio a diagnostic of temperature.
Model study on the photoassociation of a pair of trapped atoms into an ultralong-range molecule

Using the method of quantum-defect theory, we calculate the ultra-long-range molecular vibrational states near the dissociation threshold of a diatomic molecular potential which asymptotically varies as -1/R{sup 3}. The properties of these states are of considerable interest as they can be formed by photoassociation (PA) of two ground-state atoms. The Franck-Condon overlap integrals between the harmonically trapped atom-pair states and the ultra-long-range molecular vibrational states are estimated and compared with their values for a pair of untrapped free atoms in the low-energy scattering state. We find that the binding between a pair of ground-state atoms by a harmonic trap has significant effect on the Franck-Condon integrals and thus can be used to influence PA. Trap-induced binding between two ground-state atoms may facilitate coherent PA dynamics between the two atoms and the photoassociated diatomic molecule.
Grazing envelope evolution towards Type IIb supernovae

I propose a scenario where the majority of the progenitors of type IIb supernovae (SNe IIb) lose most of their hydrogen-rich envelope during a grazing envelope evolution (GEE). In the GEE the orbital radius of the binary system is about equal to the radius of the giant star, and the more compact companion accretes mass through an accretion disk. The accretion disk is assumed to launch two opposite jets that efficiently remove gas from the envelope along the orbit of the companion. The efficient envelope removal by jets prevents the binary system from entering a common envelope evolution, at least for part of the time. The GEE might be continuous or intermittent. I crudely estimate the total GEE time period to be in the range of about hundreds of years, for a continuous GEE, and up to few tens of thousands of years for intermittent GEE. The key new point is that the removal of envelope gas by jets during the GEE prevents the system from entering a common envelope evolution, and by that substantially increases the volume of the stellar binary parameter space that leads to SNe IIb, both to lower secondary masses and to closer orbital separations.
Gaps and Critical Temperature for Color Superconductivity

Because of a logarithmic enhancement from soft, collinear magnetic gluons, in dense quark matter the gap for a color superconducting condensate with spin zero depends upon the QCD coupling constant g not as exp(-1/g{sup 2}), like in Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer (BCS) theory, but as exp(-1/g). In weak coupling, the ratio of the transition temperature to the spin-zero gap at zero temperature is the same as in BCS theory. We classify the gaps with spin one, and find that they are of the same order in g as the spin-zero gap. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions of Accreting Neutron Stars

We propose that when neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries accrete sufficient mass and become millisecond pulsars, the interiors of these stars may undergo phase transitions, exciting stellar radial oscillations. We show that the radial oscillations will be mainly damped by gravitational-wave radiation instead of internal viscosity. Such gravitational waves may be detected by the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory.
A Study on the Performance and Perception of Medical students in Online Spotter versus Traditional Spotter Examinations

Introduction: Medical institutions around the world are exploring various newer modes of teaching and assessment methods to incorporate into the teaching curriculum. In this changing situation, e-learning methods are being widely used. For determining the effectiveness of a new learning method, assessment should be done since learning and assessment are intricately associated. One such newer method of testing practical anatomy knowledge is online spotter examination. The present study was conducted to correlate the students’ performance between traditional and online spotter exam and analyse the students’ perception about both exam patterns. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 120 first year medical students after obtaining ethical approval from the Institute Research and Ethics committee. Students were selected using simple random sampling method. Two modes of practical examination, traditional and online spotter, were conducted. After the examination, mean scores of OSE and TSE were compared using independent sample t-test. A questionnaire was given to collect data on their perception about the exam pattern, and the responses were scored using Likert scale. Results: The performance mean score in online spotter exam was higher compared to traditional spotter exam. Analysis of the students’ perception about the exam pattern revealed that they preferred the online examination. This could be attributed to advantages of online teaching and learning using audio-visual aids with good quality images (84=70%), easy to answer in multiple choice question (78=65%), quick results (108=90%), absence of bias in evaluation (108=90%), easy for future online postgraduate entrance exams (114=95%), and overall time limit and its advantages (84=70%);the only drawback was anxiety about internet connectivity (96=80%). Conclusion: Online spotter exam can be conducted for routine formative assessment under controlled conditions to improve the students’ knowledge and enhance their confidence and adaptability for future online exams.
Did destructive leadership help create the conditions for the spread of Covid-19, and what are the early warning signs?

This research asks: ‘were there any objectively identifiable signals in the words leaders used in the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic that can be associated with ineffective management of the crisis? ’ We chose to focus on the leaders of the two English-speaking nations that fared worst and best in the pandemic, the United States and New Zealand. By way of background and in order to contextualise the research, we compared and contrasted Trump’s and Ardern’s leaderships using the toxic triangle framework of destructive leadership. We then focused on the leader behaviour element of the triangle by using computerised text analysis (CTA) to analyse Trump’s and Ardern’s public pronouncements during the critical early stages of the pandemic. Based on a similarity index (S), we identified linguistic markers associated with destructive leader behaviours and negative outcomes (Trump) and non-destructive leader behaviours and positive outcomes (Ardern). We discuss future applications of these linguistic markers for the diagnosis both of incumbent and potential leaders’ responses to crises management.
Comparison of changes in endothelial cell count and central corneal thickness after phacoemulsification and small-incision cataract surgery: A prospective observational study at a tertiary care center of eastern Uttar Pradesh

Purpose: Morphological stability and functional integrity of corneal endothelium are necessary to maintain long-term corneal transparency. When the number of endothelial cells drops below 450–800 cells/mm2, corneal edema, irreversible loss of corneal transparency, and decreased vision occur. There is concern regarding manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) being more harmful to the endothelium in comparison to phacoemulsification. Our study aims to determine which technique maintains the corneal parameters closest to the normal physiological state. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 15 months on 100 eyes, out of which 43 patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery and 57 underwent MSICS. TOPCON SP-1P, Version 1.41, 50–60 Hz frequency, noncontact specular microscope with pachymeter was used to measure endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT) on four occasions: 1 day prior to surgery and on day 1, 3rd week, and 6th week after surgery. Results: In total, 100 eyes of 100 subjects were studied with no dropout during the study period. The age range was 40–70 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative mean ECC and mean CCT in phacoemulsification and SICS groups. A statistically significant difference was observed in the postoperative mean ECC (P < 0.01) and mean CCT (P < 0.001) on day 1 and 3rd week between the phacoemulsification and SICS groups, respectively. The mean endothelial cell loss at 6 weeks was less with SICS but comparable with phacoemulsification. Conclusion: SICS is significantly faster, less expensive, less technology dependent, can deal with all types of cataracts, is relatively safe, and is more appropriate for advanced cataracts.
Manual small-incision cataract surgery and glaucoma – A dilemma of the duo

Both cataract and glaucoma significantly affect the quality of life of an individual and they are often found to coexist, either primarily or secondary to one another. Clear-cut guidelines are not available for this subgroup of coexistent morbidities. Through this article, we attempt to discuss the risks and benefits of staged and combined surgery, their short- and long-term effects on the intraocular pressure and pre and postoperative management. The indication and type of surgery will depend on the type, severity and control of glaucoma, and the clinical significance of cataract; and the surgical outcome on the surgical technique used, site of surgery, use of anti-fibrotic agents, and most importantly, the surgeon's skill and experience.
Utility of a multimodal computer-based assessment format for assessment with a higher degree of reliability and validity

Abstract Multiple choice questions (MCQs) suffer from cueing, item quality and factual knowledge testing. This study presents a novel multimodal test containing alternative item types in a computer-based assessment (CBA) format, designated as Proxy-CBA. The Proxy-CBA was compared to a standard MCQ-CBA, regarding validity, reliability, standard error of measurement, and cognitive load, using a quasi-experimental crossover design. Biomedical students were randomized into two groups to sit a 65-item formative exam starting with the MCQ-CBA followed by the Proxy-CBA (group 1, n = 38), or the reverse (group 2, n = 35). Subsequently, a questionnaire on perceived cognitive load was taken, answered by 71 participants. Both CBA formats were analyzed according to parameters of the Classical Test Theory and the Rasch model. Compared to the MCQ-CBA, the Proxy-CBA had lower raw scores (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.276), higher reliability estimates (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.498), lower SEM estimates (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.807), and lower theta ability scores (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.288). The questionnaire revealed no significant differences between both CBA tests regarding perceived cognitive load. Compared to the MCQ-CBA, the Proxy-CBA showed increased reliability and a higher degree of validity with similar cognitive load, suggesting its utility as an alternative assessment format.
Self force via a Green's function decomposition

The gravitational field of a particle of small mass \mu moving through curved spacetime is naturally decomposed into two parts each of which satisfies the perturbed Einstein equations through O(\mu). One part is an inhomogeneous field which, near the particle, looks like the \mu/r field distorted by the local Riemann tensor; it does not depend on the behavior of the source in either the infinite past or future. The other part is a homogeneous field and includes the ``tail term''; it completely determines the self force effects of the particle interacting with its own gravitational field, including radiation reaction. Self force effects for scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational fields are all described in this manner.
Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss

ABSTRACT Background Consumption of unprocessed red meat in randomized trials has no adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight, but its physiological effects during weight loss maintenance are not known. Objectives We sought to investigate the effects of healthy diets that include small or large amounts of red meat on the maintenance of lost weight after successful weight loss, and secondarily on body composition (DXA), resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry), and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods In this 5-mo parallel randomized intervention trial, 108 adults with BMI 28–40 kg/m2 (45 males/63 females) underwent an 8-wk rapid weight loss period, and those who lost ≥8% body weight (n = 80) continued to ad libitum weight maintenance diets for 12 wk: a moderate-protein diet with 25 g beef/d (B25, n = 45) or a high-protein diet with 150 g beef/d (B150, n = 35). Results In per protocol analysis (n = 69), mean body weight (−1.2 kg; 95% CI: −2.1, −0.3 kg), mean fat mass (−2.7 kg; 95% CI: −3.4, −2.0 kg), and mean body fat content (−2.6%; 95% CI: −3.1, −2.1%) decreased during the maintenance phase, whereas mean lean mass (1.5 kg; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.0 kg) and mean REE (51 kcal/d; 95% CI: 15, 86 kcal/d) increased, with no differences between groups (all P > 0.05). Results were similar in intention-to-treat analysis with multiple imputation for dropouts (20 from B150 compared with 19 from B25, P = 0.929). Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors were not different between groups, the general pattern being a decrease during weight loss and a return to baseline during weight maintenance (and despite the additional mild reduction in weight and fat mass). Conclusions Healthy diets consumed ad libitum that contain a little or a lot of unprocessed beef have similar effects on body weight, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular risk factors during the first 3 mo after clinically significant rapid weight loss.
Nonlinear perturbations in multiple-field inflation

We develop a nonlinear framework for describing long-wavelength perturbations in multiple-field inflation. The basic variables describing inhomogeneities are defined in a nonperturbative manner, are invariant under changes of time slicing on large scales and include both matter and metric perturbations. They are combinations of spatial gradients generalizing the gauge-invariant variables of linear theory. Dynamical equations are derived and supplemented with stochastic source terms which provide the long-wavelength initial conditions determined from short-wavelength modes. Solutions can be readily obtained via numerical simulations or analytic perturbative expansions. The latter are much simpler than the usual second-order perturbation theory. Applications are given in a companion paper.
A two-gene strategy increases iron and zinc concentrations in wheat flour, improving mineral bioaccessibility

Abstract Dietary deficiencies of iron and zinc cause human malnutrition that can be mitigated by biofortified staple crops. Conventional breeding approaches to increase grain mineral concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have had only limited success, and our understanding of the genetic and physiological barriers to altering this trait is incomplete. Here we demonstrate that a transgenic approach combining endosperm-specific expression of the wheat VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER gene TaVIT2-D with constitutive expression of the rice (Oryza sativa) NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE gene OsNAS2 significantly increases the total concentration of zinc and relocates iron to white-flour fractions. In two distinct bread wheat cultivars, we show that the so called VIT-NAS construct led to a two-fold increase in zinc in wholemeal flour, to ∼50 µg g−1. Total iron was not significantly increased, but redistribution within the grain resulted in a three-fold increase in iron in highly pure, roller-milled white flour, to ∼25 µg g−1. Interestingly, expression of OsNAS2 partially restored iron translocation to the aleurone, which is iron depleted in grain overexpressing TaVIT2 alone. A greater than three-fold increase in the level of the natural plant metal chelator nicotianamine in the grain of VIT-NAS lines corresponded with improved iron and zinc bioaccessibility in white flour. The growth of VIT-NAS plants in the greenhouse was indistinguishable from untransformed controls. Our results provide insights into mineral translocation and distribution in wheat grain and demonstrate that the individual and combined effects of the two transgenes can enhance the nutritional quality of wheat beyond what is possible by conventional breeding.
Functional connectivity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia

Functional connectivity (FC)—which reflects relationships between neural activity in different brain regions—has been used to explore the functional architecture of the brain in neurodegenerative disorders. Although an increasing number of studies have explored FC changes in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), there is no focused, in‐depth review about FC in bvFTD.