Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subconcussive head impact exposure between drill intensities in U.S. high school football

USA Football established five levels-of-contact to guide the intensity of high school football practices. The objective of this study was to examine head impact frequency and magnitude by levels-of-contact to determine which drills had the greatest head impact exposure. Our primary hypothesis was that there would be an incremental increase in season-long head impact exposure between levels-of-contact: air<bags<control<thud<live. This observational study included 24 high-school football players during all 46 practices, 1 scrimmage, 9 junior varsity and 10 varsity games in the 2019 season. Players wore a sensor-installed mouthguard that monitored head impact frequency, peak linear acceleration (PLA), and rotational acceleration (PRA). Practice/game drills were filmed and categorized into five levels-of-contact (air, bags, control, thud, live), and head impact data were assigned into one of five levels-of-contact. Player position was categorized into lineman, hybrid, and skill. A total of 6016 head impacts were recorded during 5 levels-of-contact throughout the season. In the overall sample, total number of impacts, sum of PLA, and PRA per player increased in a near incremental manner (air<bags<control = thud<live), where live drills had significantly higher cumulative frequency (113.7±17.8 hits/player) and magnitude [2,657.6±432.0 g (PLA), and 233.9 ± 40.1 krad/s2 (PRA)] than any other levels-of-contact, whereas air drills showed the lowest cumulative frequency (7.7±1.9 hits/player) and magnitude [176.9±42.5 g (PLA), PRA 16.7±4.2 krad/s2 (PRA)]. There was no significant position group difference in cumulative head impact frequency and magnitude in a season. Although there was no difference in average head impact magnitude across five levels-of-contact and by position group PLA (18.2–23.2g) and PRA (1.6–2.3krad/s2) per impact], high magnitude (60-100g and >100g) head impacts were more frequently observed during live and thud drills. Level-of-contact influences cumulative head impact frequency and magnitude in high-school football, with players incurring frequent, high magnitude head impacts during live, thud, and control. It is important to consider level-of-contact to refine clinical exposure guidelines to minimize head impact burden in high-school football.
Lipoxygenase and Its Relationship with Ethylene During Ripening of Genetically Modified Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

SUMMARY Research background TomloxB is the main isoform of lipoxygenase associated with ripening and senescence of fruits. On the other hand, ethylene, a gaseous hormone, is essential for the regulation of ripening in climacteric fruits like tomatoes. However, the relationship between TomloxB and ethylene production has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we aim to assess the effect of exogenous ethylene in transgenic tomatoes that contain a silenced TomloxB gene, and subsequently evaluate lipoxygenase activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and ethylene production; as well as to quantify the expression of the genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and TomloxB. Experimental approach To investigate the effect of lipoxygenase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity, fruits harvested at the stages of break, turning and pink were used. Tomatoes at break stage collected from transgenic and wild type plants were used to determine ethylene production and gene expression. Genetically modified and wild type tomato fruits were exposed to 100 μL/L exogenous ethylene. Lipoxygenase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and ethylene production were determined by gas chromatography. Oligonucleotides for differentially expressed genes: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and TomloxB were used to determine gene expression by real-time PCR. Results and conclusions The data showed that silencing of TomloxB caused a reduction in lipoxygenase activity and ethylene production in tomato fruits, and also reduced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity. Hence, the addition of exogenous ethylene increased lipoxygenase activity in all treatments and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity only in transgenic lines at break stage, consequently there was a positive regulation between TomloxB and ethylene, as increasing the amount of ethylene increased the activity of lipoxygenase. The results suggest that lipoxygenase may be a regulator of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and production of ethylene at break stage. Novelty and scientific contribution These results lead to a better understanding of the metabolic contribution of TomloxB in fruit ripening and how it is linked to the senescence-related process, which can lead to a longer shelf life of fruits. Understanding this relationship between lipoxygenase and ethylene can be useful for better post-harvest handling of tomatoes.
Dispositional optimism weakly predicts upward, rather than downward, counterfactual thinking: A prospective correlational study using episodic recall

Counterfactual thoughts center on how the past could have been different. Such thoughts may be differentiated in terms of direction of comparison, such that upward counterfactuals focus on how the past could have been better, whereas downward counterfactuals focus on how the past could have been worse. A key question is how such past-oriented thoughts connect to future-oriented individual differences such as optimism. Ambiguities surround a series of past studies in which optimism predicted relatively greater downward counterfactual thinking. Our main study (N = 1150) and six supplementary studies (N = 1901) re-examined this link to reveal a different result, a weak relation between optimism and upward (rather than downward) counterfactual thinking. These results offer an important correction to the counterfactual literature and are informative for theory on individual differences in optimism.
Defining the nutritional input for genome-scale metabolic models: A roadmap

The reconstruction and application of genome-scale metabolic network models is a central topic in the field of systems biology with numerous applications in biotechnology, ecology, and medicine. However, there is no agreed upon standard for the definition of the nutritional environment for these models. The objective of this article is to provide a guideline and a clear paradigm on how to translate nutritional information into an in-silico representation of the chemical environment. Step-by-step procedures explain how to characterise and categorise the nutritional input and to successfully apply it to constraint-based metabolic models. In parallel, we illustrate the proposed procedure with a case study of the growth of Escherichia coli in a complex nutritional medium and show that an accurate representation of the medium is crucial for physiological predictions. The proposed framework will assist researchers to expand their existing metabolic models of their microbial systems of interest with detailed representations of the nutritional environment, which allows more accurate and reproducible predictions of microbial metabolic processes.
A European survey on the conservative surgical management of endometriotic cysts on behalf of the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) Special Interest Group (SIG) on Endometriosis

The mainstay of endometrioma management, when treatment is required, is surgical. Although laparoscopy is considered to be the gold standard for endometriosis surgery, there is no clarity on the preferred laparoscopic technique, which may depend on whether the primary goalis treatment of infertility or pelvic pain, prevention of recurrence or preservation of ovarian reserve. The aim of this survey to assess the surgical practice of the members of the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) on the conservative management of endometiotic cysts in women of reproductive age. The current survey showed that practice for the conservative management of endometriotic cysts was that laparoscopy accounted for 84.9% of the cases, expectant management for 12.1%, and laparotomy for 3%. The preferred surgical approach was cystectomy in 69% of the cases, while the parameters that determined the preferred surgical method were the diameter of the cyst (62%) and the bilaterality or non-location (53%). The type of energy used was in most cases bipolar (83%), 71.4% of surgeons did not reconstitute the ovary and 41% of responses included the administration of adhesion barrier agents. The primary surgical end-point was ovarian reserve (50%), which was tested preoperatively in 51.8%, mainly with an anti-mullerian hormone. In case of an incidentally deep-infiltrating endometriosis, 55.4% of the responses included concomitant treatment thereof, while 71% of the participants considered that a “pelvic surgeon”, who could more effectively treat co- existing pelvic and intestinal disease, should be the ideal one to effectively manage endometriosis. The majority of participants (74%) in this survey consider that there is insufficient scientific evidence regarding the conservative management of endometriotic cysts. The treatment of ovarian endometrioma should be individualised, taking into consideration not only the relief of symptoms, pregnancy rates or recurrence rates, but also ovarian function and reserve after surgery.
Long‐Term Safety and Tolerability of Apremilast Versus Placebo in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Pooled Safety Analysis of Three Phase III, Randomized, Controlled Trials

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) requires long‐term treatment, yet safety concerns and monitoring requirements make maintenance a challenge. This analysis of pooled Psoriatic Arthritis Long‐term Assessment of Clinical Efficacy (PALACE) 1, 2, and 3 data describes 3‐year apremilast safety and tolerability in PsA.
The third partial skeleton of a late Pliocene hominin (Stw 431) from Sterkfontein, South Africa §

and the very complete and also diseased skeleton of the Nariokotome boy, 7 from west of Lake Turkana, Kenya, both of the latter being classified as H. erectus. From the dolomitic limestone cave of Sterkfontein, South Africa, until 1987 only two partial skele- tons, Sts 14 (A. africanus) 8 and a cluster of specimens found in July-August 1986, 9 were available. The 1987 discovery, of which a preliminary description is given here, comprised some 48 bone fragments which, when pieced together, represented 18 bones of a manifestly single adult hominin skeleton, probably male (Stw 431). 10 To these three partial skeletons must be added the partially excavated fine skeleton Stw 573 from Member 2 in the Sterkfontein Formation. 11,12 The Sterkfontein site is unique in having yielded, thus far, four partial skeletons of hominins. Thus, of only six australopithecine skeletons that have been brought to light in Africa, four have stemmed from Sterkfontein. Stw 431 was recov- ered in situ by the late A.R. Hughes, S. Sekowe, M. Makgothokgo, and other field assistants from Member 4, Bed B, of the Sterkfontein Formation. On grounds of its provenance, as well as on Occam's ra- zor and with compatible morphology, it is attributed to A. africanus. The skeleton shows an interesting complex of primitive and derived features, throwing further light on the mosaic character of hominin evolution. While the pelvis is broadly similar to that of modern humans in some respects, the elbow more closely resembles those of early hominins than that of modern humans. These features, together with the relatively small size of the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum, provide insights into the locomotor repertoire of A. afri- canus. They support suggestions that the australopithecines, although adapted for bipedalism, were not consistent or obligate bipeds. Resemblances between comparable postcranial bones of Stw 431 and of Hadar suggest close morphological similarity between A. africanus and A. afarensis.
Foods with Potential Prooxidant and Antioxidant Effects Involved in Parkinson's Disease

Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress appears to be responsible for the gradual dysfunction that manifests via numerous cellular pathways throughout PD progression. This review will describe the prooxidant effect of excessive consumption of processed food. Processed meat can affect health due to its high sodium content, advanced lipid oxidation end-products, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. During cooking, lipids can react with proteins to form advanced end-products of lipid oxidation. Excessive consumption of different types of carbohydrates is a risk factor for PD. The antioxidant effects of some foods in the regular diet provide an inconclusive interpretation of the environment's mechanisms with the modulation of oxidation stress-induced PD. Some antioxidant molecules are known whose primary mechanism is the neuroprotective effect. The melatonin mechanism consists of neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing antioxidant enzyme's expression and activity. N-acetylcysteine protects against the development of PD by restoring levels of brain glutathione. The balanced administration of vitamin B3, ascorbic acid, vitamin D and the intake of caffeine every day seem beneficial for brain health in PD. Excessive chocolate intake could have adverse effects in PD patients. The findings reported to date do not provide clear benefits for a possible efficient therapeutic intervention by consuming the nutrients that are consumed regularly.
De-novo Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer after Liver Transplantation: A Demographic Report

Background: Immunosuppression is essential after liver transplantation (LT). It, however, increases the risk for cancer. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and outcome of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer in LT patients and assess the perioperative risk of surgery for the upper GI malignancies post-LT. Methods: 2855 patients underwent LT at our clinic from 1988 to 2018. 20 patients developed upper GI cancer. Data were retrospectively extracted from our database. Analysis included patients’ specific data, tumor histopathology and stage, the treatment given and survival. Results: 23 patients developed upper GI malignancies (2 gastric and 18 esophageal cancers; 3 excluded), translating to a incidence of 26.4 per 100,000 population per year. All patients were male. 80% showed alcohol-induced cirrhosis before LT. Most of the tumors were diagnosed at a stage ≥III. 70% underwent surgery and 78.6% developed postoperative complications. One-year-survival was 50%. Total survival rate was 28.6% with a median follow-up of 10 months (range: 0–184). Conclusion: Upper GI malignancies are more common after LT compared to the general population. Men after LT, due to alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis, are at a higher risk. Upper GI surgery after LT can be safe, but the severe risk for complications and a poor survival require strict indications.
The Determinants of Creative Economy in Developing the Independence of Pesantren

Anton Bawonoa, Muh. Saerozib, Nafis Irkhamic, Rifda Nabilad, Saiful Anware, Mohammad Rofiuddinf, a,c,d,e,fFaculty of Islamic Economics and Business IAIN Salatiga, Indonesia, cProgram Pasca Sarjana IAIN Salatiga, Indonesia, Email: aalfathbawono@gmail.com, bsaerozi2010@yahoo.com, cnafisirkhami@gmail.com, drifdanabila@iainsalatiga.ac. id, esaifulanwarmieta@iainsalatiga.ac. id, fmohammad.rofiuddin@iainsalatiga.ac. id
Antibodies to full-length and the DBL5 domain of VAR2CSA in pregnant women after long-term implementation of intermittent preventive treatment in Etoudi, Cameroon

In high malaria transmission settings, the use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-based intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp-SP) has resulted in decreased antibody (Ab) levels to VAR2CSA. However, information of Ab levels in areas of low or intermediate malaria transmission after long-term implementation of IPTp-SP is still lacking. The present study sought to evaluate antibody prevalence and levels in women at delivery in Etoudi, a peri-urban area in the capital of Yaoundé, Cameroon, that is a relatively low-malaria transmission area. Peripheral plasma samples from 130 pregnant women were collected at delivery and tested for IgG to the full-length recombinant VAR2CSA (FV2) and its most immunogenic subdomain, DBL5. The study was conducted between 2013 and 2015, approximately ten years after implementation of IPTp-SP in Cameroon. About 8.6% of the women attending the clinic had placental malaria (PM). One, two or 3 doses of SP did not impact significantly on either the percentage of women with Ab to FV2 and DBL5 or Ab levels in Ab-positive women compared to women not taking SP. The prevalence of Ab to FV2 and DBL5 was only 36.9% and 36.1%, respectively. Surprisingly, among women who had PM at delivery, only 61.5% and 57.7% had Ab to FV2 and DBL5, respectively, with only 52.9% and 47.1% in PM-positive paucigravidae and 77.7% of multigravidae having Ab to both antigens. These results suggest that long-term implementation of IPTp-SP in a low-malaria transmission area results in few women having Ab to VAR2CSA.
Development and validation of a curriculum for laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy

Study Objective To develop and validate a three-step curriculum for laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) designed for a busy clinical setting. Nethods Single-centre, prospective, cohort study. Twelve eligible gynaecological trainees were included (group 1). The theoretical part (step 1) was a validated multiple-choice test. The practical part (step 2) consisted of five tasks on a virtual reality simulator. The participants had to reach a pre-defined proficiency level before advancing to performing a LSH (step 3). The validation of the curriculum was based on the surgical performance. The surgical procedure was recorded and assessed by two experts using Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) and Competence Assessment Tool – Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy (CAT-LSH). The scores were compared with scores from gynaecological trainees who performed their first LSH without virtual reality simulator training (group 2). Results Ten trainees completed the curriculum and performed a LSH that was recorded and evaluated. Mean duration of the training period (step 1 and 2) was 57 days (SD 26.0), and mean training time spent on the simulator to reach the pre-set proficiency level was 173 min (SD 49). The mean GOALS score was 18.5 (SD 5.8) in group 1 and 13.6 (SD 3.3) in group 2, p=0.027. The mean CAT-LSH score of the performance of the hysterectomy was 42.1 (SD 6.9) in group 1 and 34.8 (SD 4.3) in group 2, p= 0.009. Conclusions Trainees who completed the curriculum appeared to have a higher performance score compared with trainees who did not perform structured training.
Quality of Life in Patients with Acromegaly before and after Transsphenoidal Surgical Resection

Objective We aimed to determine the perioperative changes in the quality of life (QoL) in patients with acromegaly and to reveal the relationship between biochemical indicators and quality of life change after tumor resection. Methods Patients with acromegaly were enrolled from a tertiary pituitary center. SF-36 scale and AcroQoL scale were used to determine the QoL before and after surgery. We analyzed changes in QoL using a generalized linear model for repeated measurements. We compared the changes in QoL among three groups (remission, active, and discordant group) based on postoperative growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1. Results 151 patients (75 males and 76 females) diagnosed with acromegaly were included. The average age was 43.9 ± 12.3 years. The median total SF-36 scale was 65.3% (IQR: 63.2%–69.2%). Overall AcroQoL score at baseline was 59.1% (IQR: 51.8%–71.8%). Nadir GH levels (coefficient −0.08, p=0.047), T3 levels (coefficient 2.8, p=0.001), and testosterone levels (coefficient −0.20, p=0.033) in males were independent predictive factors of the total SF-36 score. During the follow-up, the median overall SF-36 score increased to 66.1% at 3 months and 75.3% at 6 months (p < 0.001) after surgery. The median overall AcroQoL score increased to 74.5% at 3 months and 77.3% at 6 months (p < 0.001) after surgery. At 6-month follow-up, median scores were still less than 70% in appearance, vitality, and mental health dimensions. The QoL after surgery were similar among the three groups, although higher GH and more preoperative somatostatin analogs usage were observed in the active group. Conclusion In conclusion, acromegalic patients were associated with low QoL, which could be reversed partially by surgery. The improvement was independent of the endocrine remission. Appearance, vitality, and mental health were three major aspects that warrant further attention from physicians and caregivers after surgery.
Surgical Management for Refractory Bleb Dysesthesia

Purpose To present long-term results of modified bleb-limiting conjunctivoplasty as a successful treatment for intractable bleb dysesthesia and to review the literature on the surgical management of dysesthetic bleb. Methods Consecutive case series and literature review. We present four cases of surgically reduced painful blebs. Our technique consisted of the following steps: (1) conjunctival, radial incision to the bare sclera in the desired limit of the bleb; (2) suturing with buried, interrupted sutures at the nearest edge of the filtering bleb; (3) lower limbal peritomy including unwanted area of the extended bleb; (4) dissection and removal of the underlying fibrous tissue when present; (5) conjunctival and resorbable sutures. In addition, a systematic literature review was performed. Only reports presenting outcomes of surgical treatment of bleb dysesthesia after filtering procedure were included in review. Results Four eyes were included consecutively in the study in a period of 4 years. On average, they developed circumferential bleb dysesthesia 9.3 ± 4.7 months after uneventful combined phacotrabeculectomy with Mitomycin C as primary procedure. Surgical reduction was decided after failure of lubricants in controlling ocular discomfort. Two cases showed a dense fibrous tissue beneath the conjunctiva that was excised to ensure filtration. In all cases, a rapid disappearance of symptoms with very good aesthetic and functional outcome was observed. After 12-month follow-up, patients remained asymptomatic and maintained intraocular pressure of 10.7 ± 1.2 mmHg without treatment. A systematic review of the literature obtained 15 eligible case series (n = 123) with rates of success within 46–100%, favoring less aggressive approaches to reduce bleb size. Conclusion Bleb dysesthesia is a rare complication of filtering glaucoma surgery. This modified bleb-limiting conjunctivoplasty technique (with removal of subjacent fibrous tissue if present) is able to target the underlying etiology providing ocular discomfort relief while maintaining bleb function and may be considered as first-choice surgical treatment.