Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ATM implied skew in the ADO-Heston model

In this paper similar to [P. Carr, A. Itkin, 2019] we construct another Markovian approximation of the rough Heston-like volatility model - the ADO-Heston model. The characteristic function (CF) of the model is derived under both risk-neutral and real measures which is an unsteady three-dimensional PDE with some coefficients being functions of the time $t$ and the Hurst exponent $H$. To replicate known behavior of the market implied skew we proceed with a wise choice of the market price of risk, and then find a closed form expression for the CF of the log-price and the ATM implied skew. Based on the provided example, we claim that the ADO-Heston model (which is a pure diffusion model but with a stochastic mean-reversion speed of the variance process, or a Markovian approximation of the rough Heston model) is able (approximately) to reproduce the known behavior of the vanilla implied skew at small $T$. We conclude that the behavior of our implied volatility skew curve ${\cal S}(T) \propto a(H) T^{b\cdot (H-1/2)}, \, b = const$, is not exactly same as in rough volatility models since $b \ne 1$, but seems to be close enough for all practical values of $T$. Thus, the proposed Markovian model is able to replicate some properties of the corresponding rough volatility model. Similar analysis is provided for the forward starting options where we found that the ATM implied skew for the forward starting options can blow-up for any $s>t$ when $T \to s$. This result, however, contradicts to the observation of [E. Alos, D.G. Lorite, 2021] that Markovian approximation is not able to catch this behavior, so remains the question on which one is closer to reality.
Estimation of Nitrate Leaching in an Entisol under Optimum Citrus Production

Leaching of fertilizer nutrients and widespread NO 3 -N contamination of drinking water wells in proximity to citrus growing regions of central Florida are a serious concern. We evaluated NO 3 -N distribution in soil solution at various depths in the vadose zone, and N leaching below the root zone for two cropping seasons under the canopy of 21-yr-old Hamlin orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) rootstock, on an entisol of central Florida. The treatments included 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N ha -1 yr -1 as either dry granular fertilizer (DGF; broadcast, in 4 equal doses) or fertigation (FRT; 15 applications yr -1 ), and 56, 112, and 168 N kg ha -1 yr -1 as controlled-release fertilizer (CRF; single application yr -1 ). Irrigation was scheduled using recommended tensiometer set points as guidelines, with a target wetting depth of 90 cm. The NO 3 -N was measured in soil solutions bi-weekly at 60-, 120-, and 240-cm depths using suction lysimeters (SLs) installed under the tree canopy. The 240-cm depth sample represented soil solution below the rooting depth of the trees, and the NO 3 -N at this depth could contaminate groundwater. At the 60- or 120-cm depths, the NO 3 -N concentrations occasionally peaked at 12 to 100 mg L -1 , but at 240 cm NO 3 -N concentrations mostly remained below 10 mg L -1 , The careful irrigation management, split fertilizer application, and timing of application contributed to the low leaching of NO 3 -N below the root zone. Calculated NO 3 -N leaching losses below the rooting depth increased with increasing rate of N application and the amount of water drained, and accounted for 1 to 16% of applied fertilizer N.
Observations of enhanced aerosol longwave radiative forcing over an urban environment

Collocated measurements of sun/sky radiance, aerosol chemical composition and radiative fluxes have been utilized to estimate longwave aerosol radiative forcing over Pune, an Indian urban site during dry winter [Dec2004 to Feb2005] by two methods. Hybrid method which uses observed downwelling and modeled upwelling longwave fluxes for different aerosol loadings yielded a surface forcing of 9.4 Wm−2. Model approach includes utilization of skyradiometer derived spectral aerosol optical properties in the visible and near infra‐red wavelengths, modeled aerosol properties in 1.2‐40 μm using observed soot and chemical composition data, MODIS water vapor and TOMS column ozone in a radiative transfer model. Estimates from model method showed longwave enhancement of 6.5 and 8.2 Wm−2 at the surface with tropical model atmosphere and temporally varying profiles of temperature and humidity, respectively. Study reveals that about 25% of the aerosol shortwave cooling is being compensated by increase in longwave radiation due to aerosol absorption.
Mineralogy and (economic) geology of zeolite-carbonate mineralization in basic igneous rocks of the Troodos Complex, Cyprus

Zeolite carbonate mineralization in the extrusive sequence of the Troodos Ophiolite consists of various Ca-, Ca-Na- and Na zeolites associated in time and space with calcite and aragonite. Three different mineral associations have been established, each with a specific set of zeolites: (1) laumontite-stilbite/stellerite, (2) natrolite-thomsonite-heulandite, (3) analcime-gmelinite. The zeolite carbonate mineralization formed in the temperature range from 250 degrees C to 20 degrees C from seawater with variable amount of biogenic CO2. Calcium-selective zeolites at depth and sodium-selective zeolites near the surface of the eruptive complex reflect a diminishing impact of seawater on the geothermal system with depth and an increase of biogenic CO2 towards the seawater-rock interface. The mineralizing solutions may be characterized as near neutral to alkaline. Sulphides and oxidic ore minerals are associated with zeolites in metabasalts of the "Basal Group". In this stockwork-like mineralization, Cu- and Fe sulphides precipitated subsequently to laumontite and stilbite which are representative of mineral association I. Sulphides of this mineralization may have contributed to the build up of the massive sulphide deposits in the overlying "Pillow Lavas". Fault-related zeolite mineralization 11 is linked with Fe-Mn-oxide hydroxides and zeolite mineralization III may laterally grade into umber mineralization.
Ground‐penetrating radar facies as an aid to sequence stratigraphic analysis: application to the archaeology of Clonmacnoise Castle, Ireland

This paper describes the advantages of interpreting ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) facies in a sequence stratigraphic context. These data have been collected adjacent to the River Shannon at Clonmacnoise Castle in central Ireland and demonstrate that stratigraphy is not necessarily made up of horizontal isochronous surfaces; some reflective surfaces are more important than others in interpretation and that two‐dimensional sections must be interpreted with caution. Radar facies analysis and thus sequence stratigraphy can be used to both interpret the sedimentary record in terms of palaeoenvironments as well as identify important (key) surfaces. Bright, continuous surfaces are often found at horizons of palaeoenvironmental change and have distinctive reflector shapes and terminations (or stratal patterns) above and below. Such stratal patterns define and reflect linked fluvial and human environments that have developed and been preserved through the creation of accommodation space. Key surfaces have been identified when sedimentation was altered, thus reflecting a natural or anthropogenic palaeoenvironmental change. In anthropogenically modified or created successions, such as those seen at Clonmacnoise, key surfaces have produced changes in dielectric constants in the sediments that are seen as radar reflections. Natural activity includes lateral migration of point‐bars and fluvial onlap. Anthropogenic activity has created accommodation space (the moat), a major sequence boundary and subdwelling surface disruption of reflectors. A pre‐moat fault can be observed on GPR data that is along strike of a surface scarp to the southwest of Clonmacnoise Castle. The results demonstrate the enhanced interpretive and predictive use of radar facies in sequence stratigraphy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increasing Student Mathematics Self-Efficacy Through Teacher Training

Teachers can modify their instructional strategies with minimal training and effort, and this can result in increases in their students’ self-efficacy. Self-efficacy judgments are based on four sources of information: an individual's own past performance, vicarious experiences of observing the performances of others, verbal persuasion that one possesses certain capabilities, and physiological states. Individuals use these four sources of information to judge their capability to complete future tasks. Teachers who capitalize on the influence of the strongest of these sources—past performances, observations of others as models, and verbal persuasion—produce more confident students. The following instructional strategies increase student self-efficacy: • Reviewing lesson accomplishments from the previous day, posting the current lesson's objectives prior to instruction, drawing attention to the lesson objectives as they are covered, and reviewing the lesson objectives at the end of the lesson. • Asking students to record each day on a calendar something new they learned that day or something at which they excelled. • Prompting students who perform poorly to attribute their failures to lack of effort and encouraging them to try harder. • Drawing students’ attention to their growth and complimenting them on their specific skills. • Using student models early to demonstrate some aspects of a lesson to remind them that other students like themselves are mastering the material and therefore they can master it also. Teachers who use these strategies on a daily basis produce students who are more confident in their academic skills.
Estimativa do coeficiente Priestley-Taylor em floresta monodominante Cambarazal no Pantanal

The Priestley-Taylor coefficient (α) was calculated based on the Bowen method evapotranspiration estimative for Vochysia divergens monospecific forests in Pantanal, Brazil. The study area was located at the northeastern Pantanal, approximately 160 km from Cuiaba city, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (16o39'50''S; 56o47'50''W). Continuous micrometeorological flux measurements at a 32 m tower height were made from January to December of 2007. The evapotranspiration ranged from 2.26 mm day-1 (dry season) to 4.50 mm day-1 (wet season). The average estimated α value ranged along the year from a maximum and a minimum during the dry and wet season respectively, with an annual average of 0.65±0.18 according to the weather pattern over the study area due to the increase of water content in soil/water flooding depth and/or decrease in evaporative demand. Based on empirical α values, estimates of evapotranspiration can be improved for Vochysia divergens forests on Pantanal floodplain.
Comparisons of the Thermal Effects of the Tibetan Plateau with NCEP-I and ERA-40 Reanalysis Data

Because of a lack of sufficient observations over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the measurement of the strength of the thermal effects of the TP is a challenging issue, yet of crucial importance for climate research. In this study, two sets of daily reanalysis data (1979–2001) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis version 1 (NCEP-I) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year Reanalysis data (ERA-40) are used to calculate the atmospheric diabatic heating effects of the TP and the adjacent regions with an inverse algorithm. The observational data obtained from the recent atmospheric experiments over the TP are applied to verify and evaluate the results from NCEP-I and ERA-40 reanalysis data, respectively. It is found that the ERA-40 results are closer to the observations in terms of the structure and seasonal variation of the vertical profile of the diabatic heating over the TP. The horizontal distributions of the apparent heat source are quite reasonable over Asia for both the NCEP-I and ERA-40 results. RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] À cause d'un manque d'observations sur le plateau tibétain, la mesure de la force des effets thermiques du plateau tibétain est un problème difficile tout en étant d'importance cruciale pour la recherche climatique. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons deux ensembles de données quotidiennes de réanalyse (1979–2001) issues de la version 1 de la réanalyse des National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP-I) ainsi que les données de réanalyse de 40 ans du Centre européen pour les prévisions météorologiques à moyen terme (ERA-40) pour calculer les effets du réchauffement atmosphérique diabatique sur le plateau tibétain et les régions adjacentes au moyen d'un algorithme inverse. Nous appliquons les données d'observation recueillies lors des récentes expériences atmosphériques sur le plateau tibétain pour vérifier et évaluer ces résultats des données de réanalyse de NCEP-I et ERA-40, respectivement. Nous trouvons que les résultats de ERA-40 sont plus proches des observations en ce qui concerne la structure et la variation saisonnière du profil vertical du réchauffement diabatique sur le plateau tibétain. Les distributions horizontales de la source de chaleur apparente sont très raisonnables au-dessus de l'Asie, tant pour les résultats de NCEP-I que de ERA-40.
A comparison of methods to relate grass reflectance to soil metal contamination

Grass-dominated vegetation covers large areas of the Dutch river floodplains. Remotely sensed data on the conditions under which this vegetation grows may yield information about the degree of soil contamination. This paper explores the relationship between grassland canopy reflectance and zinc (Zn) contamination in the soil under semi-field conditions. A field radiometer was used to record reflectance spectra of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in an experimental field with Zn concentrations in the soil ranging from 32 to 1800mgkg−1. Several spectral vegetation indices (VIs) and a multivariate approach using partial least squares (PLS) regression were investigated to evaluate their potential use in estimating Zn contamination levels. Compared to the best PLS model (RMSEP = 181.4 mg kg−1), the narrow band vegetation index MSAVI2mm performed better (RMSEP = 162.9 mg kg−1). Both MSAVI2mm and PLS gave a high user accuracy for the strongly contaminated soil class (100% and 91%, respectively), while the total accuracy was satisfactory (60% and 55%, respectively). Results from this feasibility study indicate the potential of using remote sensing techniques for the classification of contaminated areas in river floodplains. But as the results from this study may be both resolution- and location-dependent, research on field and image scale is now required to test the established relations and to assess their susceptibility to seasonal influences, species heterogeneity, and increased levels of spectral noise.
Decadal variability in springtime snow over Eurasia: Relation with circulation and possible influence on springtime rainfall over China

The relationship between decadal variability in springtime (March–May) snow water equivalent (SWE) over Eurasia and springtime rainfall over China is investigated for 1979–2004 using satellite‐observed SWE, rainfall observations from 595 stations, and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Decreasing springtime SWE in Eurasia corresponded to reduced springtime rainfall over southeastern and northeast China, and more rainfall over southwestern and northwestern China. This relationship was supported by the feedback effect of snow in high‐latitude areas to changes in background atmospheric circulation.
Residents perceptions of Convention Centers: A distance decay analysis

Public investment in convention centres represents a relatively common approach to stimulating economic development in many large cities throughout the world. The rationale is that metropolitan authorities can thereby attract business tourists and promote positive (business friendly) images of their locality. While the economic dimension of such spending has received some attention, especially by consultants, there has been little theorising or empirical research which has examined residents’ perceptions of such development. This is in sharp contrast to examinations of resident perceptions of leisure tourism, which has witnessed extensive academic interest. This paper analyses residents’ perceptions of the Busan Exhibition and Convention Centre in South Korea. Distance decay theories, geographic decay and cognitive decay, are used to inform the analysis. The findings indicate that increasing residents’ engagement with, and knowledge of, convention centres is likely to engender positive perceptions of their impacts. It is suggested that urban policy-makers in many parts of the world could learn from this study and should take residents’ perceptions into account when financing and managing convention centres.
A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E SUA ORGANIZAÇÃO

O presente artigo aponta para algumas questoes acerca da agricultura familiar, sua organizacao, desenvolvimento e alcance, no significativo meio rural brasileiro. Inicialmente aponta para os antecedentes da formacao de sua mao-de-obra e ocupacao de espaco durante os quase quatro seculos de colonia e escravidao, sendo esta situacao, substancialmente alterada a partir de meados do seculo XIX com a imigracao europeia e com decisiva influencia sobre o modo de producao agricola, enquanto estendia sobremodo, profundas alteracoes na estrutura agraria brasileira. A agricultura familiar sempre foi um meio eficiente para a subsistencia familiar. Esse arranjo produtivo, presente em todo o mundo, tem se tornado uma vigorosa fonte de recurso alimentar e importante meio de sustentacao economica, demandando, contudo, interminaveis discussoes acerca de sua sustentabilidade e relacoes ambientais. Assim, nesta abordagem sao elencadas algumas perspectivas, que apontam para estrategias que otimizem as relacoes da agricultura familiar com o mercado, sem, no entanto perder suas caracteristicas tao caras a tradicao. Palavras chave: colonizacao; agricultura familiar; meio ambiente; sustentabilidade; agroindustria. ABSTRACT This article points out some issues about the family farm, its organization, development and scope, significant in rural areas. Initially points to the history of the formation of its labor force and occupation of space during the nearly four centuries of colonial and slavery, and this, substantially changed from the mid-nineteenth century with the European immigration, with decisive influence on the mode of agricultural production, while extremely extended, deep changes in the Brazilian agrarian structure. The family farm has always been an efficient way for family subsistence. This production arrangement, present in the world, has become a strong source of food resources and important means of economic support, demanding, however, endless discussions about their sustainability and environmental relationships. Thus, in this approach are listed some perspectives that point to strategies that optimize the relationship of family farming with the market, without however losing its characteristics so dear to the tradition. Key-words: colonization; family farming, environment, sustainability, agroindustry. DOI: 10.5654/actageo2008.0204. 0002
GEOMORPHOLOGY OF STEEPLAND HEADWATERS: THE TRANSITION FROM HILLSLOPES TO CHANNELS 1

Headwater streams comprise 60 to 80 percent of the cumulative length of river networks. In hilly to mountainous terrain, they reflect a mix of hillslope and channel processes because of their close proximity to sediment source areas. Their morphology is an assemblage of residual soils, landslide deposits, wood, boulders, thin patches of poorly sorted alluvium, and stretches of bedrock. Longitudinal profiles of these channels are strongly influenced by steps created by sediment deposits, large wood, and boulders. Due to the combination of small drainage area, stepped shallow gradient, large roughness elements, and cohesive sediments, headwater streams typically transport little sediment or coarse wood debris by fluvial processes. Consequently, headwaters act as sediment reservoirs for periods spanning decades to centuries. The accumulated sediment and wood may be episodically evacuated by debris flows, debris floods, or gully erosion and transported to larger channels. In mountain environments, these processes deliver significant amounts of materials that form riverine habitats in larger channels. In managed steepland forests, accelerated rates of landslides and debris flows resulting from the harvest of headwater forests have the potential to seriously impact the morphology of headwater streams and downstream resources.
Kinetic rate coefficients for electron-driven collisions with CH+: dissociative recombination and rovibronic excitation.

Cross sections and rate coefficients for rovibronic excitation of the CH+ ion by electron impact and dissociative recombination of CH+ with electrons are evaluated using a theoretical approach combining an R-matrix method and molecular quantum defect theory. The method has been developed and tested, comparing the theoretical results with the data from the recent Cryogenic Storage Ring experiment. The obtained cross sections and rate coefficients evaluated for temperatures from 1 K to 10,000 K could be used for plasma modeling in interpretation of astrophysical observations and also in technological applications where molecular hydrocarbon plasma is present.
Importance profiles. Visualization of atomic basis set requirements

Recent developments in fully numerical methods promise interesting opportunities for new, compact atomic orbital (AO) basis sets that maximize the overlap to fully numerical reference wave functions, following the pioneering work of Richardson and coworkers from the early 1960s. Motivated by this technique, we suggest a way to visualize the importance of AO basis functions employing fully numerical wave functions computed at the complete basis set (CBS) limit: the importance of a normalized AO basis function $|\alpha\rangle$ centered on some nucleus can be visualized by projecting $|\alpha\rangle$ on the set of numerically represented occupied orbitals $|\psi_{i}\rangle$ as $I_{0}(\alpha)=\sum_{i}\langle\alpha|\psi_{i}\rangle\langle\psi_{i}|\alpha\rangle$. Choosing $\alpha$ to be a continuous parameter describing the orbital basis, such as the exponent of a Gaussian-type orbital (GTO) or Slater-type orbital (STO) basis function, one is then able to visualize the importance of various functions. The proposed visualization $I_{0}(\alpha)$ has the important property $0\leq I_{0}(\alpha)\leq1$ which allows unambiguous interpretation. We also propose a straightforward generalization of the importance profile for polyatomic appliations $I(\alpha)$, in which the importance of a test function $|\alpha\rangle$ is measured as the increase in projection from the atomic minimal basis. We exemplify the methods with importance profiles computed for atoms from the first three rows, and for a set of chemically diverse diatomic molecules. We find that the importance profile offers a way to visualize the atomic basis set requirements for a given system in an a priori manner, provided that a fully numerical reference wave function is available.