Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Governance in the Development of Lusi Island Tourism Sidoarjo District in the New Normal Era

The research purposes were to analyze 1) The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the development of Lusi Island tourism; 2) Collaborative governance in developing Lusi Island tourism in Sidoarjo during the new normal period. qualitative descriptive research, data collection techniques: interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.Research results: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the economy and health of the people around Lusi Island tourism. Meanwhile, the collaborative governance of Lusi Island tourism development is not optimal, this can be seen in the initial conditions, there are differences in strength and authority. Facilitative leadership is not carried out by the government. The institutional design does not yet have a legal basis and an MOU that regulates the legitimacy of actors. The collaborative process is not optimal, the meetings are held online. The result of the collaboration is the absence of involvement between the Government, the private sector and academics. The outcome achieved was limited to the spirit of POKDARWIS and APPWS in developing Lusi Island tourism.
THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP, COMPENSATION, AND TRAINING IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. ADHIMIX RMC INDONESIA

This research aims to revealed and look over the impact which caused by the training, compensation and leadership style towards the employee performance at PT. Adhimix RMC Indonesia. This research were in type of causality research with a quantitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research was an explanatory survey method with the population was 1328 people with filtered sample to 100 respondents (Slovin, 10% error tolerance). The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression analysis in way to examine the research hypothesis. The results showed that training, compensation, and leadership style had an influence both partially and simultaneously towards the employees performance at PT. Adhimix RMC Indonesia.
Profile of Fatal Head Injury Cases Autopsied at District Governament Hospital Mortuary

Background and Objectives: the study of profile of skull fractures is important as head being the most exposed and prominent part of body; it becomes most susceptible to injuries, as a result of criminal violence or accident. The present study was taken up to know the incidence of head injuries, age relationship,sex relationship, agent causing skull fractures, common skull bone fractures. Methodology: data in the current study was collected from the autopsy reports and from police inquest of all fatal skull fractures from the period of june 2012 to may 2014 irrespective of age and sex with history of death due to head injuries brought for postmortem examination to the department of forensic medicine & toxicology, al-ameen medical college mortuary and district hospital mortuary, bijapur between june 2012 to may 2014.Results: most common circumstance causing skull fractures are road traffic accidents in 77 cases (81.94 %). Male preponderance over females noted in this study with males constituting 80 cases (85.10 %) and females 14 cases (14.89 %). The most common age group affected was 21-30 years. Blunt force is the most common agent causing the skull fracture in 90 cases (95.74 %) and least is sharp in 4 cases (4.25 %). Among skull fracture comminuted fracture were seen in 46 cases (48.93%) , linear fracture in 38 cases (40.42%), depressed fracture in 8cases (8.5%) and sutural fracture in 1 case and gutter fracture in 1 case (1.06%) respectively. Temporal bone was the commonest bone fracture in 17 cases (18.08%). Conclusion: the study had concluded that incidence of skull fractures were common at the age group of 21-30 years, with male predominance, most common cases were those of RTA, cause of death that were given in majority of cases was that of Head injury as a consequence of injuries sustained.
Volatile Constituents of Three Stachys L. Species from Turkey

Volatile compounds of three Stachys species; Stachys macrantha (C. Koch) Stearn , Stachys sylvatica L. and Stachys annua ssp. annua var. annua L. were analyzed by a solid phase micro extraction (SPME) method with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 38 (99.2%), 38 (99.0%) and 32 (98.8%) volatile compounds were identified with different constituents from S. annua ssp. annua var. annua, S. sylvatica and S. macrantha respectively. The major volatile constituents of the investigated three Stachys species were; α -pinene (11.2%), p -cymene (18.2%), carvacrol (28.8%) in S. macrantha , γ -muurolene (10.2%), α -cedrene (11.2%), limonene (37.0%) in S. sylvatica and α -pinene (11,4%), β -pinene (23.1%), (Z)-β -ocimene (24.8%) in S. annua ssp. annua var. annua. Comparison studies of all three Stachys species showed the high percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons within 65.8%, 49.8% area in S. annua ssp . annua var. annua and S. sylvatica respectively. And oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of constituents (42.1% area) of S. macrantha.
Characterization and Phylodiversity of Implicated Enteric Bacteria Strains in Retailed Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Fruits in Southwest Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) have very huge health-promoting benefits due to high nutritional composition; however, these fruits are potential reservoir of enteric food-borne pathogens causing major public health concerns. AIM: Characterization and phylo-analysis of implicated enteric bacteria strains in retailed Tomato fruits in southwest Nigeria were studied. METHODS: Ready to be retailed fresh tomato fruits were purchased from common food markets in southwest, Nigeria, which lies between latitudes 6° 21′ to 8° 30′ N and longitudes 2° 30′ to 5° 30′ E. Observation of sample storage potentials at different conditions and bio-typing of associated bacterial strains were carried out for consecutive 14 days. Enteric bacteria strains were genotyped with 16S rRNA assay and further profiled for antibiotic susceptibility to common antibiotics. High population rate frequently consume tomatoes. RESULTS: Early spoilage characterized with yellow fluid, fungal growth and visible lesions were observed at 25°C storage compare to few patches of lesion at 4°C after 14 days. Higher bacterial count of 4.0–7.18 Log CFU/g was recorded at ambient storage compare to refrigerated samples with more than 10% occurrence rate of Citrobacter spp. , Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. Identified Citrobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. showed 100% resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid). Two-resistant enteric bacteria strains, Klebsiella aerogenes B18 and Citrobacter freundii B27 obtained from Nigerian tomato clustered with Citrobacter strains in food (China), water strains (India, Poland, Malaysia), milk (Germany), and human fecal (China). CONCLUSION: Implicated multidrug-resistant enteric bacilli in retailed tomatoes can cause severe food-borne diseases which public oriented awareness, strategic farm to market surveillance are needed to be intensified.
Information-Seeking Patterns and COVID-19 in the United States

In this paper, we describe how socioeconomic background and political leaning are related to how U.S. residents look for information on COVID-19. Using representative survey data from 2,280 U.S. internet users, collected in fall 2020, we examine how factors, such as age, gender, race, income, education, political leaning, and internet skills are related to how many different types of sources and what types of sources respondents use to find information on COVID-19. Moreover, we describe how many checking actions individuals use to verify information, and how all of these factors are related to knowledge about COVID-19. Results show that men, those with higher education, higher incomes, and higher self-perceived internet ability, and those who are younger used more types of information sources. Similar patterns emerged for checking actions. When we examined different types of sources (mainstream media, conservative sources, medical sources, and TV sources), three patterns emerged: 1) respondents who have more resources used more types of sources; 2) demographic factors made less difference for conservative media consumers; and 3) conservative media were the only type of source used less by younger age groups than older age groups. Finally, availability of resources and types of information sources were related to differences in factual knowledge. Respondents who had fewer resources, those who used conservative news media, and those who engaged in more checking actions got fewer answers right. This difference could lead to information divides and associated knowledge gaps in the United States regarding the coronavirus pandemic.
Polygenic plague resistance in the great gerbil uncovered by population sequencing

Abstract Pathogens can elicit high selective pressure on hosts, potentially altering genetic diversity over short evolutionary timescales. Intraspecific variation in immune response is observable as variable survivability from specific infections. The great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) is a rodent plague host with a heterogenic but highly resistant phenotype. Here, we investigate the genomic basis for plague-resistant phenotypes by exposing wild-caught great gerbils to plague (Yersinia pestis). Whole genome sequencing of 10 survivors and 10 moribund individuals revealed a subset of genomic regions showing elevated differentiation. Gene ontology analysis of candidate genes in these regions demonstrated enrichment of genes directly involved in immune functions, cellular metabolism and the regulation of apoptosis as well as pathways involved in transcription, translation, and gene regulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the early activated great gerbil immune response to plague consisted of classical components of the innate immune system. Our approach combining challenge experiments with transcriptomics and population level sequencing, provides new insight into the genetic background of plague-resistance and confirms its complex nature, most likely involving multiple genes and pathways of both the immune system and regulation of basic cellular functions.
Risk Factors for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Systematic Review

The cause and prevention of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (also called aphthous ulcers or canker sores) are still unknown. This may be due in part to ignorance of the risk factors present in susceptible people. In this systematic review (PROSPERO record #CRD42019122214), we show that most of the risk factors for the disease are single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms in genes related to the functioning of immune system (TLR4, MMP9, E-selectin, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha). Single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms do not constitute a modifiable risk. This indicates that, at least in part, susceptibility to recurrent aphthous stomatitis is hereditary, and that these factors cannot be modified.
Temperature Effects on Properties of Rice Husk Biochar and Calcinated Burkina Phosphate Rock

Rice husk biochar (RHB) and phosphate rock (PR) are locally accessible resources that poor farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can utilize to increase rice productivity. However, biochars are variable depending on feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and duration. Phosphate rocks from SSA are of low solubility. The goal of this study was to determine whether pyrolysis of rice husk (RH), calcination of PR, and the calcination/pyrolysis of a RHB-PR mixture at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C can increase formic acid (FA)- extractable phosphorous (P). The properties of these RHBs were compared to the properties of RHB produced through a simple farmer-friendly pyrolysis technique termed “Kun-tan”. Properties of calcinated PR were also compared to the raw PR. Quartz formed from amorphous SiO2 during RH pyrolysis and was the dominant mineral phase in the biochars, irrespective of the pyrolysis temperature. Formic acid-extractable P content, pH, and ash content of the biochars increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. At 700 °C, FA-extractable P content of the RHB was 219% more than the feedstock. Hydroxyapatite and quartz were the dominant minerals in the PR irrespective of calcination temperature, indicating that hydroxyapatite and quartz were stable to at least 700 °C. Rather, calcination decreased the FA-extractable P content of the PR.
Loss aversion and high stakes

Following Kahneman and Tversky, studies such as those by Haigh and List, Ert and Erev and Mukherjee et al. find that loss aversion increases as stake increases. This study extends the 2011 work of Berger and Pope by analysing over 68,000 US professional basketball games played from the initial National Basketball Association (NBA) season in 1946/1947 to the 2018/2019 season, and over 69,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) games played from the 2007/2008 season to the 2018/2019 season. We posit that, a priori, stakes, and therefore loss aversion, will be greater for NBA teams than for NCAA teams, and higher for home teams than for away teams. Further, loss aversion is expected to be greater for favourites, that is, teams that are expected to win. We model outcomes using a digital call option. This model allows for necessary non-linearity in the relation between halftime score and winning percentage. It also provides an analysis for which the result for home (favourite) teams is not simply the converse of that for away (underdog) teams. We find evidence of better-than-expected performance for NBA home teams that are behind by up to four points, and for favourites that are behind by between two and seven points. We find no evidence of this effect with respect to NBA away teams, NBA underdogs, nor for NCAA teams – whether home or away. Our results suggest that loss aversion is apparent when stakes are high.
Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Petani Jagung di Desa Perbesi Kecamatan Tiga Binanga Kabupaten Karo

The objectives of this study to determine the effect of production, land area, fertilizer costs and labor costs on the income of corn farmers in Perbesi Village, Tiga Binanga District, Karo Regency. The research was conducted using sampling techniques by purposive sampling. Prasurvey data collection as many as 427 farmers in Perbesi Village had 1-2 Ha of corn planting area so 10% of the total population was 43 farmers as samples. The results showed that simultaneously production, land area, labor costs and fertilizer costs affected the income of corn farmers in Perbesi Village, Tigabinanga District (Fcount 26.768> Ftable 2.62). Partially the production variable has significant effect (thit 2.271), land area has no significant effect –(0.868), fertilizer costs have significant effect (3.326) and labor costs (-0.875) have no significant effect on the income of corn farmers in Perbesi village, Tigabinanga district with t table 1.68959. Simultaneously all variables affect the income of corn farmers in Perbesi Village, while partially the production and cost of fertilizers have significant effect while land area and labor costs do not.
Rhythmic abilities in humans and non-human animals: a review and recommendations from a methodological perspective

Rhythmic behaviour is ubiquitous in both human and non-human animals, but it is unclear whether the cognitive mechanisms underlying the specific rhythmic behaviours observed in different species are related. Laboratory experiments combined with highly controlled stimuli and tasks can be very effective in probing the cognitive architecture underlying rhythmic abilities. Rhythmic abilities have been examined in the laboratory with explicit and implicit perception tasks, and with production tasks, such as sensorimotor synchronization, with stimuli ranging from isochronous sequences of artificial sounds to human music. Here, we provide an overview of experimental findings on rhythmic abilities in human and non-human animals, while critically considering the wide variety of paradigms used. We identify several gaps in what is known about rhythmic abilities. Many bird species have been tested on rhythm perception, but research on rhythm production abilities in the same birds is lacking. By contrast, research in mammals has primarily focused on rhythm production rather than perception. Many experiments also do not differentiate between possible components of rhythmic abilities, such as processing of single temporal intervals, rhythmic patterns, a regular beat or hierarchical metrical structures. For future research, we suggest a careful choice of paradigm to aid cross-species comparisons, and a critical consideration of the multifaceted abilities that underlie rhythmic behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’.
Impact of Stock Market and Bank Development on the Firm’s Growth: Evidence from Pakistan

Aim: Despite years of empirical research, the nexus between banks development and the stock market with economic growth is still controversial. This study examined the impact of the stock market and banks development on the firm’s growth in Pakistan. The sector of non-financial firms chosen for analysis and financial firms ignored because of different structure. The sample of 45 firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from the period of 2014-2019 used for the analysis. The sample has been selected based on the firm’s market capitalisation and random effect model to estimate both institution development and firm growth. We controlled the firm’s profitability, interest, and inflation. The results are robust to the Estimated Generalised Least Squares (EGLS) method. Results showed that significant positive relation exists between stock market development and firm growth, while a negative association exists between banks development and firm growth. Furthermore, control variables (profitability, interest, and inflation) have a significant negative impact on firm growth. The findings contribution in literature with perspective to Pakistan because prior studies done related to developed countries. Policymakers may use this study for making policy related to firms and economic growth.
How can research ethics committees help to strengthen stakeholder engagement in health research in South Africa? An evaluation of REC documents

Background. All health researchers in South Africa (SA) are explicitly encouraged by the ethicolegal framework to engage stakeholders meaningfully in their research. Research ethics committees (RECs) have a role to play in shaping researchers’ practices in this regard, but very little research has explored how RECs might best achieve this. Objectives. To explore whether SA REC documents are prompting researchers to plan sound stakeholder engagement in health research. Methods. We reviewed publicly available documents of RECs registered with the SA National Health Research Ethics Council. Of the 46 registered RECs as of November 2019, the documents of 37 were publicly accessible. These comprised 72 documents (e.g. standard operating procedures and application forms). We coded these according to ethical reasons mentioned for engagement, stakeholders and strategies highlighted for engagement. We used semantic coding, staying close to the actual wording of REC documents. We utilised thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results. We found that many REC documents encouraged researchers to plan engagement in a way that resonates with ethics guidance (theme 1: ‘encouraging sound engagement’). However, we found many wasted opportunities in this regard (theme 2: ‘missing opportunities’). For some RECs, there was little harmonisation across their key documents regarding this important issue (theme 3: ‘moving towards harmonisation’). Conclusion. In the short term, we recommend that RECs should amend their application forms in particular to better ‘trigger’ researchers to thoughtfully plan sound stakeholder engagement. In the longer term, we recommend that RECs’ documents be better harmonised internally regarding their stance on stakeholder engagement.
Geochronological and Paleomagnetic Constraints on the Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation from the Yanji Basin, NE China, and its Tectonic Implication

The Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation in the Yanji Basin, eastern Jilin Province is of particular interest because it contains key fresh water fossil taxa, oil and gas resources, a potential terrestrial Albian–Cenomanian boundary, and regional unconformities. However, the lack of a precise chronology for the non-marine strata has precluded a better understanding of the regional stratigraphic correlation and terrestrial processes. Here, we report magnetostratigraphic and U–Pb geochronologic results of a sedimentary sequence from the Xing’antun section in the Yanji Basin. Thirty-two zircons from the tuff sample were analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); the U–Pb zircon dating method yielded a weighted mean of 206Pb/238U age of 105.7 ± 0.8 Ma (2σ, internal error). Paleomagnetic results show that the Dalazi Formation is of normal polarity, which was correlated to the early chron C34n constrained by the SIMS U–Pb zircon geochronologic data, further demonstrating that the terrestrial sedimentary sequence of the upper Dalazi Formation is of late Albian age. The established geochronologic framework allows the regional correlation of the Dalazi Formation in the Yanji Basin to the strata from other terrestrial sequences in northeastern China. The similar geodynamic and geologic background between the Yanji Basin and other terrestrial rift basins in northeastern China suggests that the unconformity between the Dalazi and Longjing formations may represent syn-rift and post-rift stages in the Yanji Basin, and thus the switch from extension to contraction during the mid-Cretaceous, precisely constrained to ~106–101 Ma based on our new chronology and previously published high-precision U–Pb dating of the lower Longjing Formation. It is most likely attributable to the docking of the west Pacific plate along the East Asian continental margin.
Oblique High Mach Number Heliospheric Shocks: The Role of α Particles

Spacecraft observations of heliospheric shocks often find oscillations in the magnetic field and density both, upstream and downstream. The downstream magnetic oscillations of oblique collisionless shocks were detected by Wind with 10.9 samples s−1 and DSCOVR spacecraft with high temporal resolution of 50 samples s−1. The density oscillations associated with the shocks are also evident in proton and α particle density by Wind (with much lower temporal resolution). Recently, we have investigated low Mach number low‐β oblique shock oscillations using satellite data and 2.5D hybrid modeling with electrons modeled as fluid and ions modeled as particles and found that α particles—an important component of heliospheric plasma—may affect considerably the downstream oscillations and the shock structure. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of α particles on high Mach number heliospheric shocks dynamics, oscillations, nonstationarity, and shock‐front rippling. We extend the study to high Mach number shocks (M > 3), investigate several α particle typical densities, and compare the results for the various shock parameters. We model the effects of α particles on the shock ramp, wake, and downstream oscillation structure and the kinetic properties of proton and α particle velocity distributions at various locations downstream of the shocks. Using the 2.5D hybrid model we found that the modeled high Mach number quasi‐perpendicular shock magnetic and density structures are significantly affected by α particles with typical solar wind relative abundances, suggesting that the observed high Mach number shocks are similarly affected by α particles.