Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Background: The prevalence of neonatal abstinence syndrome is increasing, but the number and quality of clinical practice guidelines available are unknown. This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise and evaluate clinical practice guidelines for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Methods: A systematic search of databases and the grey literature was conducted between 1 June and 1 July 2022. Full-text guidelines published by national or state-wide institutions were included. The recommendations from each guideline were extracted. The AGREE-II instrument was used to assess guideline quality. Sufficient-quality scores were defined as >60 and good-quality scores were >80 for each domain of AGREE-II. Results: A total of 1703 records were identified, and 22 guidelines from the United States, Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, published between 2012 to 2021, were included. The quality scores were low, with median scores of 37/100 for stakeholder involvement, 33/100 for methodology, 34/100 for applicability and 0 for editorial independence. Scope and purpose scored 72/100, and presentation scored 85/100. Sixteen (73%) guidelines did not meet the cut-offs for clinical use. Conclusion: Many guidelines were of insufficient quality to guide clinical practice for neonatal abstinence syndrome. This emphasises the need for high-quality studies to inform clinical practice guidelines, improve care and reduce the risk of poor outcomes in these high-risk infants.
Volcanogenic nutrient fluxes and plant ecosystems in large igneous provinces: an example from the Columbia River Basalt Group

Research from biological and geological sources has highlighted the role of volcanoes in the outgassing of P, and thermal fixation and subsequent atmospheric oxidation of NOx in volcanic environments. The impact of these nutrient fluxes on biological systems has been demonstrated on present-day Hawai'i, and here we consider the impact on the plant communities within a large igneous province (LIP). The Miocene Columbia River Basalt Province, the youngest LIP on Earth, contains many sedimentary interbeds between the flows of the major extrusive phase, and these interbeds preserve variable but often diverse palynofloras. By integration of palynofloral analysis with analysis of macronutrient levels in the interbeds it can be suggested that there may have been significantly elevated levels of P within the lava field proximal to the source vents, a distribution mirrored by Ca and Mg. Evidence for potential volcanogenic eutrophication is restricted to >103 year duration interbeds, contemporary with eruptive activity elsewhere in the LIP. The geochemistry and palynology of other interbeds demonstrate nutrient deficiency, with a potential route to nutrient sufficiency available from long-term symbiotic N-fixation. Elsewhere within the Columbia River Basalt Province, this process is short-circuited by the imput of felsic ash from the nearby Cascades Range of volcanoes.
Evaluation of LST downscaling algorithms on seasonal thermal data in humid subtropical regions of India

Thermal image downscaling algorithms use a unique relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation indices (e.g. normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)). The LST–NDVI correlation and regression parameters vary in different seasons depending on land-use practices. Such relationships are dynamic in humid subtropical regions due to inter-seasonal changes in biophysical parameters. The present study evaluates three downscaling algorithms, namely disaggregation of radiometric surface temperature (DisTrad), sharpening thermal imagery (TsHARP), and local model using seasonal (25 February 2010, 14 April 2010, and 26 October 2011) thermal images. The aggregated Landsat LST of 960 m resolution is downscaled to 480, 360, 240, and 120 m using DisTrad, TsHARP, and the local model and validated with aggregated Landsat LSTs of a similar resolution. The results illustrate that the seasonal variability of the LST–NDVI relationship affects the accuracy of the downscaling model. For example, the accuracy of all algorithms is higher for the growing seasons (February and October) unlike the harvesting season (April). The root mean square error of the downscaled LST increases from 480 to 120 m spatial resolution in all seasons. The models are least suitable in water body and dry-river bed sand areas. However, the downscaling accuracy is higher for NDVI > 0.3. The present study is useful to understand the applicability of the downscaling models in seasonally varied landscapes and different NDVI ranges.
Eugenia supra-axillaris Essential Oil and Its Nanoemulsion: Chemical Characterization, In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Activities

The use of standard synthetic medications to treat inflammatory illnesses is associated with several negative effects. It has been shown that medicinal plants and their by-products are useful for safely treating inflammation. Herein, the essential oil of Eugenia supra-axillaris (family: Myrtaceae, ESA-EO) was isolated and further chemically characterized by GC-MS, and then, its nanoemulsion (ESA-EO-NE) was prepared. In addition, the anti-inflammation against the carrageenan-induced rats, the analgesic, and antipyretic activities of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE were evaluated in rats. Forty-three compounds were identified via GC-MS and categorized as mono- (61.38%) and sesquiterpenes (34.86%). d-limonene (32.82%), α-pinene (24.33%), germacrene-D (4.88%), α-humulene (4.73%), α-cadinol (3.39%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.15%) represented the main components. The administration of ES-EO and ES-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) demonstrated strong, dose-dependent inflammation inhibition capabilities in the model of rat paw edema, in comparison with both the reference drug and control. Reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased levels of glutathione (GSH), and decreased levels of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α), nitrosative (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in paw tissues all contributed to these substantial reductions in inflammation. Moreover, the oral administration of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (50 and 100 mg/kg) exhibited potent analgesic and antipyretic activities in rats. Although the higher dose of ESA-EO and ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg) displayed delayed anti-inflammatory activity, they have long-lasting inflammation inhibition with fast onset and long-standing analgesic effects better than reference drugs. Furthermore, the most effective antipyretic efficacy was provided by ESA-EO-NE (100 mg/kg). These results provide insight into the possible therapeutic application of ESA-EO and its nanoemulsion against various inflammatory and painful illnesses as well as hyperthermia ailments.
Evidence that Attitudinal Self-Justification (not Self-Refutation) Enhances
 Intellectual Humility

Previous research has shown that the dispositional trait of intellectual humility (IH) predicts increased tolerance to opposing perspectives and beliefs. In the current study, we reasoned that the relationship might also work in the reverse direction, i.e., that critiquing one’s position on a contentious issue might enhance IH. To evaluate this hypothesis, we prompted participants to declare their position on a potentially divisive social issue (specifically, whether to allocate scarce medical resources to nonvaccinated COVID-19 patients) and then randomly assigned them to either contradict their position, justify their position, or engage in an unrelated writing exercise. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that participants who justified their belief reported higher levels of IH than participants who contradicted it. In light of this unexpected and somewhat counterintuitive result, we argue that the intellectually humble mindset is fortified under conditions of minimal self-threat as opposed to threatening forms of self-examination.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Risk Factors for Nosocomial Pressure Injury among Hospitalized Adults at a Tertiary Hospital in Western Kenya

The high incidence and prevalence of nosocomial pressure injuries pose a threat to safe hospitalization and additional strain on the healthcare system. Analysis of pressure injury risk factors is necessary for efficient prevention and management as part of the program to ensure that no patient experiences any preventable harm while receiving care, as per the international patient safety goals. This study evaluated the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for pressure injury among cohorts of hospitalized adults using a prospective approach. The Braden Scale was used to assess the participants’ level of risk and classify low (score 15 to 23) and high (score 6 to 14) cohorts prior to follow-up. Binary regression analysis was used to establish an association between the risk factors and the development of stage 2 and above pressure injuries and the odds reported. The intrinsic factors—nutrition, sex, age, and primary diagnosis—influenced the occurrence of pressure injuries. Similarly, the extrinsic factors—sensory perception, moisture, mobility and activity, presence of a medical device, friction, and shear—showed an association with the development of pressure injuries. Poor nutrition, impaired mobility, and persistent moisture, however, were statistically the most significantly associated risk factors, at OR 18.20, CI 2.18–151.69, p =. 01; OR 20.93, CI 1.13–387.92, p =. 04; OR 16.11, CI 2.02–128.52, p =. 01, respectively, confirming a significant association between intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and the development of hospital-acquired pressure injury. These identified risk factors can be used to tailor intervention earlier on admission and avert these preventable injuries. Standardized, timely risk assessment and proactive addressing of the identified risk factor among hospitalized patients are therefore recommended.
A method of concealing underground nuclear explosions

It is shown theoretically that the seismic signal from an underground nuclear explosion can be greatly reduced by carrying out the explosion in a large cavity. An estimate of the effectiveness of the method indicates that a yield of more than 300 kilotons (HE-equivalent) could be made to look seismically like a yield of 1 kiloton. Experiments with both chemical and nuclear explosions are needed to test the theory.
10Be‐derived assessment of accelerated erosion in a glacially conditioned inner gorge, Entlebuch, Central Alps of Switzerland

Inner gorges often result from the propagation of erosional waves related to glacial/interglacial climate shifts. However, only few studies have quantified the modern erosional response to this glacial conditioning. Here, we report in situ 10Be data from the 64 km2 Entlen catchment (Swiss Alps). This basin hosts a 7 km long central inner gorge with two tributaries that are >100 m‐deeply incised into thick glacial till and bedrock. The 10Be concentrations measured at the downstream end of the gorge yield a catchment‐wide erosion rate of 0.42 ± 0.04 mm yr‐1, while erosion rates are consistently lower upstream of the inner gorge, ranging from 0.14 ± 0.01 mm yr‐1 to 0.23 ± 0.02 mm yr‐1. However, 10Be‐based sediment budget calculations yield rates of ~1.3 mm yr‐1 for the inner gorge of the trunk stream. Likewise, in the two incised tributary reaches, erosion rates are ~2.0 mm yr‐1 and ~1.9 mm yr‐1. Moreover, at the erosional front of the gorge, we measured bedrock incision rates ranging from ~2.5 mm yr‐1 to ~3.8 mm yr‐1. These rates, however, are too low to infer a post‐glacial age (15–20 ka) for the gorge initiation. This would require erosion rates that are between 2 and 6 times higher than present‐day estimates. However, the downcutting into unconsolidated glacial till favored high erosion rates through knickzone propagation immediately after the retreat of the LGM glaciers, and subsequent hillslope relaxation led to a progressive decrease in erosion rates. This hypothesis of a two‐ to sixfold decrease in erosion rates does not conflict with the 10Be‐based erosion rate budgets, because the modern erosional time scale recorded by 10Be cover the past 2–3 ka only. These results point to the acceleration of Holocene erosion in response to the glacial overprint of the landscape. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASSESSMENT OF ACOUSTIC SPEECH SIGNALS AND PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH TWO PARTIAL DENTURE FRAMEWORK MATERIALS IN MAXILLARY KENNEDY CLASS IV CASES. A RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER STUDY.

Aim: This study aimed to measure the effect of two different framework materials on speech. Materials and methods: Twenty participants with maxillary class IV arches (maxillary four anterior teeth missing) each patient received two prostheses alternating in a cross-over design. For both prostheses, CAD designed and printed resin patterns of the framework were made. For the Co-Cr metallic framework, the resin was then invested and cast conventionally. For the PEEK group, it was constructed by injection molded technique (for two press technique). Evaluation of speech was done on the same visit of prosthesis insertion, then patients were scheduled for one and three months follow-up visits for each prosthesis using a Computerized Speech Lab (CSL) (spectrogram). The Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the level of patient satisfaction using a questionnaire three months after denture insertion. Results: For speech evaluation: the PEEK group showed higher statistical significance mean duration for all sounds compared to Co-Cr group after three months p≤0.05. Also PEEK showed lower frequency levels for all sounds p≤0.05 except (n,l) p > 0.05. For patient satisfaction: PEEK RPD recorded significantly higher satisfaction scores group as regard the esthetic appearance, comfort and overall general satisfaction compared to the Co-Cr RPD group but there were insignificant differences (P>0.05) between the two groups regarding retention, stability and masticatory function. Conclusion: Co-Cr RPDs showed better speech qualities compared to PEEK RPDs. Patients with PEEK frameworks were more satisfied regarding RDPs appearance, comfort and overall satisfaction than patients with metallic Co-Cr frameworks.
A Comparison of Aircraft Icing Forecast Models.

Abstract : This report documents the results of a study comparing forecasted aircraft icing conditions to pilot reports (PIREPs) of aircraft icing. Of the three operational forecast algorithms validated (AF Global Weather Central's RAOB routine, icing routines in the Navy's NODDS, and TESS software), RAOB had the overall best comparison to the PIREPs and 6% percent of the type forecasts and 42 percent of the intensity forecasts agreeing with the reported icing. These percentages increase to 73 percent (type) and 53 (intensity) when considering only PIREPs from jet aircraft. The greatest degree of error was associated with forecasts of clear and mixed icing and icing of moderate intensity.
LIQSEDFLOW: ROLE OF TWO-PHASE PHYSICS IN SUBAQUEOUS SEDIMENT GRAVITY FLOWS

The paper describes an extension of the computational code LIQSEDFLOW proposed by the authors. The salient features of the code lie in its capability to describe the multi-phased physics of subaqueous sediment gravity flows. Specifically, it combines Navier-Stokes/continuity equations and equations for the advection and hindered settling of grains for a liquefied soil domain, with a consolidation equation for the underlying, progressively solidifying soil domain via a transition layer characterized by zero effective stress and a small yet discernible stiffness. Evolutions of the flow and solidification surfaces are traced as part of the solution using a volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique. The predicted features of the gravity flows of initially fluidized sediments with different concentrations conform to the observed performances in two-dimensional flume tests. The present results demonstrate the crucial role of two-phase physics, particularly solidification, in reproducing the concurrent processes of flow stratification, deceleration, and redeposition in subaqueous sediment gravity flows.
Regional low‐flow frequency analysis using single and ensemble artificial neural networks

In this paper, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are introduced to obtain improved regional low‐flow estimates at ungauged sites. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) network is used to identify the functional relationship between low‐flow quantiles and the physiographic variables. Each ANN is trained using the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm. To improve the generalization ability of a single ANN, several ANNs trained for the same task are used as an ensemble. The bootstrap aggregation (or bagging) approach is used to generate individual networks in the ensemble. The stacked generalization (or stacking) technique is adopted to combine the member networks of an ANN ensemble. The proposed approaches are applied to selected catchments in the province of Quebec, Canada, to obtain estimates for several representative low‐flow quantiles of summer and winter seasons. The jackknife validation procedure is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. The ANN‐based approaches are compared with the traditional parametric regression models. The results indicate that both the single and ensemble ANN models provide superior estimates than the traditional regression models. The ANN ensemble approaches provide better generalization ability than the single ANN models.
Dissolved methane distributions, sources, and sinks in the western Bransfield Strait, Antarctica

Dissolved methane (CH4) concentrations were measured in the upper water column (0–200 m) of western Bransfield Strait and southwestern Drake Passage on four cruises between December 1986 and March 1987 during the Research on Antarctic Coastal Ecosystem Rates (RACER) experiment. Methane concentration profiles were similar on all four cruises and showed distinct geographic variability. In contrast to most oceanic surface waters, CH4 in Drake Passage was undersaturated relative to atmospheric equilibrium. The degree of the undersaturation varied from 0% to 15% in a seasonally warmed surface layer to 46% at 200 m depth. We suggest that the undersaturations result from the entrainment of CH4-depleted warm deep water into the surface layer and from seasonal ice cover restricting air-sea gas exchange in winter. South of Drake Passage, a shelf break frontal zone marked a distinct transition to coastal waters that were typically supersaturated with CH4. The highest CH4 concentrations were associated with the shelf waters surrounding Bransfield Strait and the South Shetland Islands. In the deeper waters of central Bransfield Strait, CH4 concentrations tended to decrease to near-saturation values. The distribution of CH4 appears to be largely controlled by mixing, coupled with the addition of CH4 to waters flowing over the shallow shelves in the region. The calculated fluxes of CH4 across the air-sea interface varied from −0.77 to + 5.86 μmol m−2 d−1, where negative fluxes indicate a net uptake of CH4 into the surface ocean and positive fluxes indicate a net release of oceanic CH4 to the atmosphere. The average net flux in the Drake Passage was −0.35 μmol m−2 d−1, and the average flux out of coastal waters to the atmosphere was +0.69 μmol m−2 d−1. On the basis of our results the net air-sea CH4 fluxes in the Southern Ocean out to the edge of the seasonal ice zone are small and should not significantly alter current estimates of the oceanic source of CH4 to the atmosphere.
The 1996 Peru tsunamigenic earthquake: Broadband source process

We investigate the spatio‐temporal complexity of moment release of the February 21, 1996 Peru earthquake (Mw 7.5). We use a non‐linear source tomographic technique, based on simulated annealing, to invert surface wave source spectra for the slip distribution on a gently dipping fault plane. The spectra (5–65 mHz) are obtained using an empirical Green's function (EGF) method applied to first and second orbit fundamental mode Rayleigh waves. Spectra are well fit by a 110 km bilateral rupture, subparallel to the trench, updip of the hypocenter, with a total moment of 2.0×1020 Nm. The non‐linear inversion reveals a 30×30 km² major slip patch south the onset, where rupture velocities attain 1.5–2.0 km/s. Inversions of teleseismic broadband P and SH waves (10–500 mHz) indicate little or no directivity, consistent with the surface wave data. The average source time functions for both the surface and body wave data are similar in shape and in duration (∼50 s). Part of the slip during the 1996 Peru event occurred in a region of reduced background seismicity, as was the case for the 1992 Nicaragua slow event, suggesting that the seismogenic potential of low seismicity regions near the trench should be globally reassessed.
Prediction and modeling of line-of-sight bending near ground level for long atmospheric paths

Line-of-sight bending, called "beam bending", is an effect caused by strong atmospheric turbulence, where during daytime targets are seen lower and during nighttime higher than their real locations. This effect takes place in conditions of very low or absence of wind speed and relatively high turbulence, which characterize non-uniform atmospheres. During past three years high-resolution experiments in different desert and low vegetation areas of the Middle East (Israel) were performed. A model for predicting line-of-sight bending based on effects of turbulence and atmospheric conditions, described by pressure, temperature, relative humidity, etc., was developed and investigated. This paper describes investigations made to parameterize this model based on high-percentage prediction of results for different areas, day/night time, and heights above the ground surface.
Performance of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under system of Wheat Intensification and Conventional methods of Sowing on Economics

A field experiment was conducted to determine the study of varieties as influenced by system of planting and spacing on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) during the winter season ( Rabi ) of 2019. The experiment consists of 9 treatments with 3 replications laid out in a randomized block design. Three cultivars and Methods of sowing i.e. conventional, SWI at 15×15 cm, SWI at 20×20 cm at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. System of wheat intensification significantly influenced the yield attribute characters, yield and Economics of wheat. The result concluded that the treatment (20×20 cm + PBW343) recorded highest spike length (12.4 cm). However, higher grain yield (5.51 t/ha), straw yield (6.41 t/ha), harvest index (46.26 %), gross return (118669 ₹/ha), net return (86322 ₹/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.67) was recorded with (15×15 cm + SHIATS W6).