Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current oscillations arising from nonlinear chemical dynamics in solid oxide fuel cells

Fuel cells are becoming increasingly important in the conversion of our society to clean, and renewable energy sources. However, there are some technical, as well as commercial barriers, which remain to be overcome before the fuel cell industry may be counted a success. One such problem is that of nonlinear current fluctuations, which have been observed under quite general conditions, in solid oxide fuel cells. This thesis attempts to elucidate the mechanisms driving this undesirable be- haviour, by developing a rational mathematical model based on fundamental chemical kinetics, and mass transfer effects, which take place within the porous anode of the fuel cell. A system of nonlinear, coupled ordinary differential equations is derived to describe the reaction and transfer processes associated with this fundamental model. This system is then rationally reduced to a planar dynamical system and the cases of weakly and fully humidified fuel streams are considered. Self-sustained, temporal oscillations are shown to arise through Hopf bifurcations in each case, and key parameter regimes leading to oscillatory behaviour are identified. Experiments have been conducted on commercial fuel cells, with results presented in Chapter 5.
Comportements métallurgique et mécanique des matériaux de gainage du combustible REP oxydes à haute température

Les alliages de zirconium ont ete choisis pour la fabrication des gaines de combustible des REP. Etant donnees les conditions severes d’utilisation de ces materiaux, il est indispensable de les qualifier afin de respecter les criteres de surete en vigueur. Il s’agit d’etudier la tenue mecanique de ces materiaux dans les conditions nominales, mais aussi en conditions accidentelles. Lors de certains scenarii accidentels hypothetiques, la gaine peut subir une incursion a haute temperature (HT) en atmosphere de vapeur d’eau, puis un refroidissement et une trempe a l’eau. L’oxydation acceleree de la gaine qui s’ensuit et les evolutions metallurgiques associees conduisent a une degradation des proprietes mecaniques residuelles qu’il faut evaluer. C’est a partir de cette problematique que le sujet d’etude a ete defini. Du fait de la diffusion importante de l’oxygene dans le substrat pendant l’oxydation HT, les tubes de gaine se caracterisent par la presence de differentes phases dans l’epaisseur aux caracteristiques mecaniques bien differentes. Afin de rendre compte du comportement mecanique residuel de ces objets « multi-couches », le travail de these a consiste a obtenir des echantillons representatifs des differentes phases du materiau « reel ». Nous avons alors etudie la transformation de phases au refroidissement dont nous avons propose un mecanisme phenomenologique. Puis, les memes materiaux ont fait l’objet de caracterisations mecaniques a differentes temperatures et teneurs en oxygene. Cette caracterisation mecanique nous a servi a initier des calculs par elements finis pour retranscrire le comportement de la gaine lors d’essais de compression d’anneaux.
Organic reactions of alcohols under hydrothermal conditions

This thesis aims to study and to apply reactions of alcohols under hydrothermal conditions. Studies on 1-phenyl-ethanediol show an aldolisation, followed by an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts type reaction and an aromatisation. Finally, it ends up by as 2-phenyl-naphthalene. Ethylene glycol reacts on itself with a strong dependence on the temperature and the solvent. The conversion of 1,2-propanediol showed similar dependences and obtained even the aromatic compound mesitylene and especially the amount of products proves dependence on the temperature and the duration of the reaction. The main compounds can be used as solvents, as biofuel and for syntheses, whereas the byproducts might be biocarburants after hydrogenation. The Friedel-Crafts type reaction is transferred to an intermolecular one. Naphthalene and phenol are studied in more detail. 0.05mol/L HCl are enough in order to benzylate an aromatic compound at 180°C. HCl can be replaced by acetic acid or formic acid, but even concentrations of 1.0mol/L do not achieve results as good as 0.05mol/L HCl. The recycling of the aqueous phase of these reactions is advantageous. Additionally, benzyl alcohol alkylates benzyl alcohol and thus it can polymerize. Higher temperatures lead to longer polymers. This polymerization can be used in the domain of nuclear fuel recycling in order to separate platinum group metals out of a model solution.
Alkali-Doped Fullerides: Narrow-Band Solids with Unusual Properties

Alkali-doped fullerides have attracted strong interest since their production became possible about fifteen years ago. This book presents work which may solve intriguing problems arising from a variety of remarkable properties. For example, these solids are superconductors with high transition temperatures, although the similarity between the electronic and phonon energy scales should suppress superconductivity. Moreover, the Ioffe-Regel condition for electrical conductivity is strongly violated. The book shows why superconductivity is nevertheless possible, owing to a local pairing mechanism. The Ioffe-Regel condition is derived quantum-mechanically, and it is explained why the underlying assumptions are violated for fullerides and high-Tc cuprates, for example. The book treats electronic and transport properties, reviewing theoretical and experimental results. It focuses on superconductivity, electrical conductivity and metalinsulator transitions, emphasizing the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions as well as the John-Teller effect.
STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE GLOBALIZED LOGISTICS SCENARIO

This paper considers strategic alliances as a means of obtaining advantage in the globalized logistics scenario. Through a particular case study of partnership and strategic alliance between national companies (Rapidao Cometa, Expresso Aracatuba and Transportadora Americana) and an international one (FedEx Express), one may comprehend the impact on Rapidao Cometa, in as much as the increase in market share within the logistics market, as well as the subsequent consolidation before major national logistics operators, is concerned. Logistics - a field that holds a strategic function - supports the efficient management of the flow of materials / products, information and resources, both within the company and between the different organizations that participate in the entire value creation cycle. In Brazil, the perception of logistics as an integrating process and as a strategic tool came to light as of the 90´s, a decade mile stoned by rampant growth of international trade, by economic stabilization and by the privatization of infrastructure (Fleury, 2000). The environment in which companies currently operate is very complex and highly competitive. Therefore, they are seeking differentiation and the setting of competitive advantages over competitors. To achieve these goals, each tries to find its own path, however, amongst many a point in common might be perceived: the choice to apply logistics. (Ferraes Neto, 2001).
The exotic side of the method

1. Introduction. - 2. A Solution of the Phase Problem in the Structure Determination of Biological Macromolecules. - 3. The Gravitational Red-Shift. - 4. Trends in the Development of the Gamma Laser. - 5. Nuclear Resonance Experiments Using Synchrotron Sources. - 6. Resonance ? -Ray Polarimetry. - 7. Iron-Ion Implantation Studied by Conversion-Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy. - 8. Selected "Exotic" Applications. - 9. The Discovery of the Magnetic Hyperfine Interaction in the Mossbauer Effect of 57 Fe.
Ka and X-band radar observations of multiple rear-flank downdraft surges and an intense near-surface vortex on 18 May 2010

The instrument armada participating in the second Verification of the Origin of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) targeted a pretornadic, high-precipitation supercell west of Dumas, Texas on 18 May 2010. Datasets collected on the Dumas storm include a long-duration, short-baseline dual-Doppler deployment by two 35 GHz, Ka-band mobile radars operated by Texas Tech University (TTUKa) (Weiss et al. 2009) overlapping with a long-term deployment of the X-band, electronicallysteered MWR-05XP radar fielded by the University of Oklahoma, ProSensing, Inc., and The Naval Postgraduate School (Bluestein et al. 2010). The TTUKa Doppler radars employ a narrow, 0.49◦ beamwidth coupled with nonlinear pulse compression techniques to obtain an azimuthal and range gate spacing of approximately 35 m for pulse lengths less than or equal to 20 μs. The baseline of the TTUKa dual-Doppler deployment on the Dumas supercell was 3.3 km (Fig. 1), which combined with 0.0◦ elevation sector scans, provides a representation of the near-surface kinematics of the Dumas mesocyclone with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The limited data collection in the vertical of the TTUKa radars, which did not scan above 0.5◦ for the Dumas deployment, is complemented by the complete volume scans (1-40◦ in elevation) of the MWR05XP. The MWR-05XP utilizes a combination of mechanical and electronic beam steering to collect a full
Aquatic organic matter fluorescence

This is the first comprehensive text on the theory and practice of aquatic organic matter fluorescence analysis, written by the experts who pioneered the research area. This book covers the topic in the broadest possible terms, providing a common reference for making measurements that are comparable across disciplines, and allowing consistent interpretation of data and results. The book includes the fundamental physics and chemistry of organic matter fluorescence, as well as the effects of environmental factors. All aspects of sample handling, data processing, and the operation of both field and laboratory instrumentation are included, providing the practical advice required for successful fluorescence analyses. Advanced methods for data interpretation and modeling, including parallel factor analysis, are also discussed. The book will interest those establishing field, laboratory, or industrial applications of fluorescence, including advanced students and researchers in environmental chemistry, marine science, environmental geosciences, environmental engineering, soil science, and physical geography.
Surfactants and Polymers in Drug Delivery

Introduction Micelles Liquid Crystalline Phases Liposomes Microemulsions Emulsions Aerosols, Bubbles, and Foams Polymer Solutions and Gels Polymer Particles Degradation of Surfactants and Polymers in Drug Delivery Drying of Formulations Containing Surfactants and Polymers Index
The Effect of Immigration on Productivity: Evidence from Us States

Using the large variation in the inflow of immigrants across US states we analyze the impact of immigration on state employment, average hours worked, physical capital accumulation and, most importantly, total factor productivity and its skill bias. We use the location of a state relative to the Mexican border and to the main ports of entry, as well as the existence of communities of immigrants before 1960, as instruments. We find no evidence that immigrants crowded-out employment and hours worked by natives. At the same time we find robust evidence that they increased total factor productivity, on the one hand, while they decreased capital intensity and the skill-bias of production technologies, on the other. These results are robust to controlling for several other determinants of productivity that may vary with geography such as R&D spending, computer adoption, international competition in the form of exports and sector composition. Our results suggest that immigrants promoted efficient task specialization, thus increasing TFP and, at the same time, promoted the adoption of unskilled-biased technology as the theory of directed technologial change would predict. Combining these effects, an increase in employment in a US state of 1% due to immigrants produced an increase in income per worker of 0.5% in that state.
Yakın Kızılötesi Yansıma Spektroskopisi (NIRS) İle Bazı Toprak Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Modern toprak siniflama sisteminde, toprak parametrelerinin arazi sartlarinda tespit edilemeyen ozelliklerinin laboratuar sartlarinda belirlenmesine gereksinim vardir. Elde edilen sayisal veriler toprak olusum hipotezleri ile kontrol edilip yorumlanabilir. Bu sekilde analizi yapilan toprak parametreleri vasitasiyla topraklarin olusum surecleri ve olusuma ait yorumlari yapabilme ve topraklari siniflamada temel arac olarak kullanilmaktadir. Topragin fiziksel ve kimyasal ozelliklerini belirlemek icin cok fazla analiz metotlari kullanilmaktadir. Ozelliklerin belirlenmesinde kullanilan yontemler zaman alici ve pahali olmakla birlikte, NIRS (Yakin kizilotesi yansima spektroskopisi) gibi alternatif yontemler uzerinde calismalar yapilmaktadir. NIRS fiziksel anlamda materyale zarar vermeyen, hizli, tekrarlanabilir, ayni anda birden fazla parametrenin belirlenebildigi ve dusuk maliyetli bir metottur. Calisma Isparta, Burdur, Antalya, Denizli ve Afyonkarahisar illerini kapsayan yaygin buyuk toprak gruplari icerisinde horizon tanimlanmasi yapilmis ornekler uzerinde yakin kizilotesi yansima spektroskopisi ile bazi toprak ozellikleri arasindaki iliskilerin belirlenebilirligi ortaya konmustur. Ayrica toprak yansima spektroskopisi veri kutuphanelerinin olusturulma cabasina gidilmesi durumunda sayisal verilerin birlestirilmesine kaynak olusturmustur. Yakin kizilotesi yansima spektroskopisi ile alinan yansima degerleri ile sirasi ile kil R 2 =0.59, Silt R 2 =0.46, kum R 2 =0.56, tarla kapasitesi R 2 =0.74, solma noktasi R 2 =0.67, kutle yogunlugu R 2 =0.70, pH (1:1, toprak:su) R 2 =0.55, pH (1:1, toprak:KCl) R 2 =0.51, kirec R 2 =0.90, organik madde R 2 =0.57, KDK (katyon degisim kapasitesi) R 2 =0.65, degisebilir Ca+Mg R 2 =0.64, degisebilir K R 2 =0.66, degisebilir Na R 2 =0.58 ve COLE degeri R 2 =0.50 olarak belirlenmistir.
Market Reactions to Qualified Audit Reports: Research Approaches

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review the archival literature on market reactions to qualified audit reports and to seek to identify the different approaches used in those studies. In addition, the paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, summarizes key findings, and provides suggestions for future research. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reviews articles examining the relevance of qualified audit reports published between 1972 and 2010. Findings - First, the review suggests that there are three main approaches used in the literature: the short-window approach, the long-window approach, and the indirect approach. Each approach has both strengths and significant weaknesses that should be acknowledged. Second, as a whole the empirical findings in this area are mixed. A more detailed analysis reveals that only the indirect approach has consistently found support for the relevance of qualified audit reports. Research limitations/implications - This paper shows that in future, researchers in this area should strive to identify the correct information release date, because it is the most critical step in conducting event studies. In addition to the event date identification, the effect of simultaneous information releases during the event period must be considered. Last, it is suggested that researchers include other stock market measures besides abnormal returns in their analysis, because measures like change in volatility, volume, bid-ask spread, and systematic risk could provide information that abnormal returns do not offer. Originality/value - This paper provides a review of the current state of knowledge on whether audit reports convey new information to the stock markets.
Mécanismes d'accumulation et impact biologique de l'argent et du cobalt chez la micro-algue Coccomyxa actinabiotis

Une nouvelle espece de micro-algue photosynthetique, Coccomyxa actinabiotis, a recemment ete decouverte au sein d'une installation nucleaire. Cette algue presente une forte resistance aux radiations ionisantes et accumule certains radionucleides. Le developpement d'une biotechnologie de decontamination des effluents liquides des reacteurs nucleaires basee sur C. actinabiotis est etudie du fait de ces proprietes. Ce travail vise plus particulierement a caracteriser et comprendre les processus d'accumulation par l'algue de l'argent et du cobalt, qui sont les radionucleides emetteurs gamma majoritaires dans les effluents liquides des reacteurs du parc electronucleaire francais. Cette etude a ete menee par quatre approches complementaires : (a) Les cinetiques et les equilibres d'accumulation de ces metaux ont ete determines par analyses ICP-MS (b) La distribution intracellulaire des metaux a ete cartographiee a l'echelle nanometrique par fluorescence X de rayonnement synchrotron et par microscopie electronique en transmission (c) La speciation de l'argent et du cobalt accumules par la micro-algue a ete determinee par spectroscopie d'absorption X et par diffraction de rayons X (d) L'impact biologique de ces metaux sur l'algue a ete examine, notamment par l'etude des perturbations physiologiques, metaboliques et proteomiques associees a leur presence.L'ensemble de ces resultats devoile une partie des processus a l'œuvre lors de l'accumulation d'argent ou de cobalt par C. actinabiotis.
Drug-Test Interactions Handbook

Part 1 Bone disease: calcium ionised calcium parathyroid hormone inorganic phosphate. Part 2 Cardiac disease: creating kinase lactate dehydrogenase hydroxbutyrate dehydrogenase cholesterol triglycerides HDL-cholesterol low density lipoproteins. Part 3 Glucose and diabetic tests: insulin glucose glucose tolerance test ketones. Part 4 Hormones: catecholamines adrenaline noradrenaline metadrenaline 5-hydroxyindale acetic acid HMMA cortisol prolactin FSH LH LHRH test testosterone free testosterone oestradiol oestriol progesterone oestrogens 17-ketogenic-steroids sex hormone binding globulin. Part 5 Liver function tests: albumin alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase alkaline phosphatase ammonia bilirubin bile acids bromosulphthalein retention time gamma glutamyltransferase protein prothrombin time 5-nucleotidase. Part 6 Renal function tests: creatinine creatinine clearance aldosterone osmolality sodium potassium urea. Part 7 Therapeutic drug monitoring: phenytoin paracetamol theoplythine digoxin phenobarbitone lithium primidone valproate carbamazepine. Part 8 Thyroid function tests: thyroxine (T4) free thyroxine triiodothyromine (T3) free T3 reverse T3 TRH test (thyrotrophin releasing hormone) TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) free T4 index free T3 index thyroxine binding globulin thyroid hormone binding capacity thyroxine binding prealbumin. Part 9 Various other tests: uric acid uric acid clearance pregnancy tests iron colour - green, red, blue, yellow, brown.
Accounting Fraud: An Estimation of Detection Probability

Financial statement fraud (FSF) is costly for investors and can damage the credibility of the audit profession. To prevent and detect fraud, it is helpful to know its causes. The binary choice models (e.g. logit and probit) commonly used in the extant literature, however, fail to account for undetected cases of fraud and thus present unreliable hypotheses tests. Using a sample of 118 companies accused of fraud by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), we estimated a logit model that corrects the problems arising from undetected frauds in U.S. companies. To avoid multicollinearity problems, we extracted seven factors from 28 variables using the principal factors method. Our results indicate that only 1.43 percent of the instances of FSF were publicized by the SEC. Of the six significant variables included in the traditional, uncorrected logit model, three were found to be actually non-significant in the corrected model. The likelihood of FSF is 5.12 times higher when the firm’s auditor issues an adverse or qualified report.
Preliminary analysis of microsatellite-based genetic diversity of goats in southern Nigeria

To better understand natural genetic variation in indigenous livestock resources, as well as formulate conservation policies, better genetic characterization is required to balance the competing needs of genetic improvement and conservation of native germplasm, primarily in rural agricultural systems in developing countries. Genetic diversity of goats in southern Nigeria was assessed using 295 indigenous goats with ten microsatellite DNA markers. The breeds are West African Dwarf (WAD), Red Sokoto (RS) and Sahel (SA) sampled from farms, market places and rural homesteads. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.608 to 0.784 in two sub-populations of WAD goats. Deviations from Hardy�Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were statistically significant ( p < 0.05) indicating that these populations are under various forces stemming from the management choices of rural dwellers. Polymorphic information content of these markers averaged 0.803 and mean GST index was 0.176. The measure of genetic distance between pairs of breeds indicated that the lowest distance was between WAD and RS (0.268) and the highest distance was between WAD and SA (0.662) goats, respectively. The estimated dendogram clustered these Nigerian goats into nine sub-populations and two major genetic groups. The study suggests that indigenous goat populations in southern Nigeria may be collapsed from three breeds into two distinct genetic groups, possibly due to extensive cross-breeding and gene flow between them, which are symptomatic of uncontrolled crossing across much of the country.
Electronic Structure of MoS 2 Nanotubes

First-principles methods enable one to study the electronic structure of solids, surfaces, or clusters as accurately as possible with moderate computational effort. So we used a first-principles electronic structure method to calculate the electronic structure of free-standing layer of MoS2 with ABA and ABC stacking. Our results suggest MoS2 with ABA stacking which appears as an insulator has an energy gap of 1.64 eV. The covalent bonds between molybdenum and sulfur atoms are strong enough to form this gap. The ABC stacking will break the symmetry and becomes metallic. The valance and impurities calculations show the rigid-band picture of MoS2 with ABA stacking. For treating larger systems, one can also use the tight-binding method. We applied this method to fit the band structure of single layer of S to the result from the first-principles calculation. The electronic structure of MoS2 nanotubes has been studied using a first-principles electronic structure method. We investigated MoS2 zigzag (n, 0) nanotubes as well as armchair (n, n) structures. We constructed MoS2 nanotubes with ABA and ABC stacking. The structures have been completely optimized. We compare our results to previous tight-binding calculations by Seifert et al.[29] and find significant differences in configuration, bond lengths and resulting electronic structure in several MoS2 nanotubes. For zigzag structures, almost all the nanotubes with ABA stacking and small tubes with ABC stacking are semiconducting. For armchair structures, all (n, n) tubes with ABA stacking are semiconducting and with ABC stacking are metallic. For armchair and zigzag tubes of a given n, the lowest energy structure is semiconducting. ii