Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 2✖ Time-Interleaved 28-GS/s 8-Bit 0.03-mm2 Switched-Capacitor DAC in 16-nm FinFET CMOS

This article presents a compact <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> time-interleaved switched-capacitor (SC) digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for digital-intensive transmitter architectures. To minimize area and to leverage the strengths of FinFET technology, the implementation departs from the traditional current steering approach and consists mainly of inverters and sub-femtofarad SCs. The DAC’s architecture is based on parallel charge redistribution and separates level generation, pulse timing, and output power generation. The described 28-GS/s 8-bit prototype design occupies 0.03 mm<sup>2</sup> in 16-nm CMOS and supports up to 0.32-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textrm {V}_{\textrm {pp}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> signal swing across its differential 100-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Omega }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> load. It achieves an SFDR <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\geq 37$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB and an IM<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\leq -45.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dBc across the first Nyquist zone while consuming 88 mW from a single 0.8-V supply.
A hybrid disassembly framework for disassembly of electric vehicle batteries

In a recent study, it was determined that the usage of Li‐Ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) represent a huge portion of the overall usage. In order to foster a sustainable future, Li‐Ion batteries in EVs generally undergo a disassembly during the recycling process, which is intended for secondary purposes or recover useful materials and components. However, the current disassembly process is significantly time consuming and expensive. Hence in this research, a disassembly framework is presented, which focuses on improving the disassembly efficiency. The framework consists of a hybrid disassembly workstation that utilizes modified automated robotic arms and a specialized tool to allow an improvement in the disassembly time. The framework focuses on optimizing several identified parameters. These parameters (Design, Safety, and Cost) were identified through a comprehensive review and analysis of the schematics and properties of conventional EV battery packs along with the disassembly procedures being currently in practice. Additionally, the framework also consists of a conceptualized disassembly procedure developed based on the potential improvements of the hybrid disassembly. The framework proposed would allow a 5‐step reduction in the overall disassembly steps, and thus would be highly suited to be adopted in the EV disassembly industry.
Identify Population Attitude Towards Osteoporosis and Pharmacists Involvement in Community Education in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Fracture is the most severe clinical consequence of osteoporosis. Unfortunately, most patientsare unaware that they have fragile bones until they fracture the hip, spine, pelvis, or wrist. Thus, increasedisability, hospitalization, and so on total health care costs. In Saudi Arabia, many middle-aged and olderwomen were unaware of osteoporosis risk factors with a high prevalence of osteoporosis reported in SaudiArabia.Aim: This study’s main objective is to evaluate population awareness about osteoporosis and pharmacist’sinvolvement in patient education to minimize the risk of osteoporosis in the Makkah region.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an online survey. A total of 1390 participantscompleted the questionnaire from 15 February to 15 Marc 2019.Results: only 1.4% of participants had a risk for osteoporosis and got the advice from pharmacists.Significantly, 53.7% had a chance but didn’t get any advice from either physicians or pharmacists.Conclusion: The results show a low self-awareness level in Makkah’s general population with insufficientinvolvement of pharmacists in patient education.
Executive Compensation and Firm Performance in New Zealand: The Role of Employee Stock Option Plans

We examine the role of employee stock option plans (ESOPs) in mitigating agency problems in New Zealand firms. We find that ESOPs have a significant and positive effect on firm performance relative to their non-ESOP counterparts. This relation appears within a year from the first ESOP announcement, and for two to four years after the announcement. Our results show that ESOPs improve corporate performance by 10 times the cost of the ESOPs’ adoption in the first year of issue. The improvement persists for four years after the first issuance. These findings confirm the effectiveness of employee stock option plans for companies issuing ESOPs compared with companies that do not issue ESOPs, and show how much the value creation of ESOPs contributes to these firms.
Volatile composition, antioxidant activity, and antioxidant components in saffron cultivated in Turkey

ABSTRACT Oven dried cut stigmas of Crocus sativus L. cultivated in Eskisehir and Safranbolu regions of Turkey were subjected to micro distillation to extract steam volatiles. They were then analysed by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, simultaneously. The colour compounds were extracted with 80% methanol and analysed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC/DAD and HPLC/MS/MS. The activities of the extracts of saffron against 2,2ʹ-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid free radical (ABTS●+) were investigated using on-line (HPLC-ABTS●+) and off-line methods. Safranal (62.1 and 49.3%) and α-isophorone (10.0 and 16.3%) were found as the characteristic aromatic volatiles in the Eskisehir and Safranbolu samples, respectively. Crude saffron extracts showed high total antioxidant activity against ABTS●+ radical.
Densely Semantic Enhancement for Domain Adaptive Region-Free Detectors

Unsupervised domain adaptive object detection aims to adapt a well-trained detector from its original source domain with rich labeled data to a new target domain with unlabeled data. Previous works focus on improving the domain adaptability of region-based detectors, e.g., Faster-RCNN, through matching cross-domain instance-level features that are explicitly extracted from a region proposal network (RPN). However, this is unsuitable for region-free detectors such as single shot detector (SSD), which perform a dense prediction from all possible locations in an image and do not have the RPN to encode such instance-level features. As a result, they fail to align important image regions and crucial instance-level features between the domains of region-free detectors. In this work, we propose an adversarial module, namely, densely semantic enhancement module (DSEM), to strengthen the cross-domain matching of instance-level features for region-free detectors. Firstly, to emphasize the important regions of image, the DSEM learns to predict a transferable foreground enhancement mask that can be utilized to suppress the background disturbance in an image. Secondly, considering that region-free detectors recognize objects of different scales using multi-layer feature maps, the DSEM encodes multi-scale representations across different domains. Finally, the DSEM is pluggable into different region-free detectors, ultimately achieving the densely semantic feature matching via adversarial learning. Extensive experiments have been conducted on PASCAL VOC, Clipart, Comic, W atercolor, and FoggyCityscape benchmarks, and their results well demonstrate that the proposed approach not only improves the domain adaptability of region-free detectors but also outperforms existing domain adaptive region-based detectors under various domain shift settings.
Preparations and applications of single color centers in diamond

ABSTRACT As a non-classical light source, single-photon source plays an essential role in the foundation of quantum physics and has been attracting a lot of attention of researchers over the world. Up to now, among different kinds of single-photon sources, single color centers in the diamond are very outstanding for the stable emission at room temperature as well as the spin controllability at ambient environment. Those color centers in the diamond with excellent properties are usually formed by impurity atoms and lattice vacancies. Nowadays, complex environments are necessary to the preparation of color centers generally. This restricts the research and applications of those color centers to a certain extent. Therefore, to develop efficient and high-precision fabrication methods of single color centers in the diamond at ambient environment is a need. On this condition, femtosecond (fs) laser process, a mature micro-nano processing technology, have been demonstrated to be a feasible, efficient, and fast production of the color centers in the diamond. This review discusses the state of the art in the preparation of single color centers in diamond and their applications in different areas. Graphical abstract
Factors influencing corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) by Libyan state-owned enterprises (SOEs)

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between selected firm-specific variables and the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures by Libyan state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The initial sample in this study consists of the 310 annual reports from 95 firms over a period of eight years from 2010 to 2018 inclusive. A content analysis approach of the firms’ annual reports is applied using a CSR disclosure index based on the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines. The factors in this study are analysed against the extent of CSR disclosures by SOEs using multiple regression. The main finding from the content analysis indicates that the extent of CSR disclosures made by SOEs in their annual reports is mostly descriptive, with charity and donation being the most disclosed items. The main findings from the correlation and regression analyses show that four of the eight proposed independent variables – firm sizes, firm age, type of sector, and CSR responsibilities—are statistically significant and positively related to the dependent variable CSR disclosure. With respect to the profile of SOE managers, those who are exercise responsibility in areas of CSR appear to have a significant influence on information disclosure in this respect, perhaps because their profession makes them more aware of such issues. The paper offers significant contributions to the extant literature by examining whether there are any effects of CSR disclosure practices by SOEs and expands the pool of CSR knowledge in the developing country context, especially in the public sector. This study provides fruitful implications for policy-makers and practitioners about state holdings, which may either hinder, or enhance corporate social performance.
Analysis of Means by Ranks: Modification and Application in Contract Acquisition Analysis

Analysis of Means by Ranks is a nonparametric statistical test procedure that was developed in Bakir (1989) but has rarely been applied in practice. This paper modifies and applies Analysis of Means by Ranks to a case study data involving the comparison of three contract proposals. For comparison purposes, we analyze the same data using the well-known Analysis of Variance, Analysis of Means, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Means are two parametric (assume data to be samples from normal populations) test procedures whereas Kruskal-Wallis and Analysis of Means by Ranks are two nonparametric (or distribution-free) procedures. This paper shows that the parametric tests fail to detect a significant difference among three contract proposals, while the nonparametric tests do. The conclusions of the parametric tests are in doubt because a descriptive statistics analysis indicates that the required normality assumption is in doubt; the nonparametric conclusions are more trustful because the normality assumption is not required by nonparametric procedures.
Relationship Dynamics Associated With Dating Violence Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Feminist Post-Structural Analysis

We focus on the character of adolescent and young adult relationships, and argue that attention to interpersonal features of intimate partner violence (IPV) is necessary for a comprehensive view of this form of violence. Drawing on ideas from feminist post-structural perspectives, we highlight studies that develop a somewhat non-traditional but nevertheless gendered portrait of relationships as a backdrop for exploring dyadic processes associated with IPV. Findings are based on quantitative and qualitative analyses from a longitudinal study of a large, diverse sample of young women and men interviewed first during adolescence, and five additional times across the transition to adulthood.
Robust Resource Allocation for Cooperative MISO-NOMA-Based Heterogeneous Networks

In this paper, we consider a cooperative multiple-input single-output (MISO) heterogeneous communication network based on the power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA). We aim to investigate a resource allocation problem regarding the uncertainty of the channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) and the imperfect SIC case. Since there is an essential need for low-complexity algorithms with reasonably good performance for the extremely complex access architectures, we propose two novel methods based on matching game with externalities and successive convex approximation (SCA) to realize the hybrid scheme where the number of the cooperative nodes is variable. Moreover, we propose a new matching utility function to manage the interference caused by cooperative networks and PD-NOMA. We also devise two robust beamforming techniques to cope with the channel uncertainty based on the worst-case and stochastic-case scenarios. Simulation results evaluate the performance and the sensibility of the proposed methods and demonstrate that although the performance of the proposed distributed matching algorithm is slightly inferior to that of the SCA type, the complexity of the matching theory approach is substantially lower than that of the latter one.
Population‐level plant pollination mode is influenced by Quaternary climate and pollinators

Patterns in ecology are the products of current factors interacting with history. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to disentangle the contribution of historical and current factors, such as climate change and pollinator identity and behavior, on plant reproduction. Here, we attempted to separate the relative importance of current and historical processes on geographical patterns of the mating system of the tree species Curatella americana (Dilleniaceae). Specifically, we asked the following: (a) How do Quaternary and current climate affect plant mating system? (b) How does current pollinator abundance and diversity relate to plant mating system? (c) How does mating system relate to fruit/seed quantity and quality in C. americana? We recorded pollinators (richness, frequency, and body size) and performed pollination tests in ten populations of C. americana spread over 3,000 km in the Brazilian savannah. The frequency of self‐pollination in the absence of pollinators was strongly influenced by historical climatic instability and not by present‐day pollinators. In contrast, seed set from hand‐cross and natural pollination were affected by pollinators (especially large bees) and temperature, indicating the importance of current factors on out‐cross pollination. Two populations at the Southern edge of the species’ distribution showed high level of hand‐cross‐pollination and high flower visitation by large bees, but also a high level of autogamy resulting from recent colonization. Our results indicate that historical instability in climate has favored autogamy, most likely as a reproductive insurance strategy facilitating colonization and population maintenance over time, while pollinators are currently modulating the level of cross‐pollination.
The effect of using machine translation on linguistic features in L2 writing across proficiency levels and text genres

Abstract Many studies that have investigated the educational value of online machine translation (MT) in second language (L2) writing generally report significant improvements after MT use, but no study as of yet has comprehensively analyzed the effectiveness of MT use in terms of various measures in syntactic complexity, accuracy, lexical complexity, and fluency (CALF). The present study examined how learners’ use of MT affects CALF measures in L2 writing using evaluations by automated computational tools as well as human raters. In addition, the study investigated whether proficiency level and text genre affect the learners’ use of MT. A total of 91 Korean learners of English participated in the main task of the study in which they wrote on an assigned topic in English first without the help of any resource, and then on a different topic using only Google Translate a week later. Text analysis of students’ writing revealed major improvements in accuracy but unclear benefits in syntactic and lexical complexity. It was also found that MT use provided different advantages and disadvantages depending on the proficiency level (high vs. low) and text genre (narrative vs. argumentative). Survey responses strongly indicated that students are highly satisfied with MT and plan to use it again in the future despite being aware of its limitations. Overall, this study found that MT can be useful for improving accuracy but must be used with much discretion for it to benefit other aspects of L2 writing.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Big Five Personality on Subjective and Psychological Well-Being

The current study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) and whether the pandemic moderated the effect of personality on well-being. Measures of Big Five personality, SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect), and PWB (positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, and self-acceptance) were obtained from a sample of young adults in Melbourne, Australia (n = 1,132; July 13–August 11, 2020) during a second wave of viral transmission and lockdown and an identically recruited pre-COVID sample (n = 547). Well-being was lower in the COVID sample, and differences were largest for positive affect (d = −0.48) and negative affect (d = 0.70). While the effect of personality on well-being was relatively robust, the effect of personality on well-being was slightly reduced, and the effect of extroversion on positive affect was particularly attenuated during the pandemic.
LIGNINOLYTIC ENZYMES OF THE FUNGUS ISOLATED FROM SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH COW DUNG

Lignin is the complex polymer and very few microorganisms are able to degrade it. The study aimed at isolating lignin degrading fungi from soil contaminated with cow dung using ligninolytic screening media. The study was able to isolate one ligninolytic fungus by using lignin media. The strain was screened for production of ligninolytic enzymes using Rhemazol Brilliant blue R (RBBR) dye, 2,2-azino-bis (3ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and guaiacol in a semisolid medium. The isolate decolourized RBBR dye, ABTS and guaiacol in a semi solid media. The strain was further tested for lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac) enzymatic activities in liquid media. It was found that; fungal filtrate had maximum LiP, MnP and Lac activities of 1.44, 0.30 and 0.28 U/ml. Therefore, it was concluded that soil contaminated with cow dung manure, is a good source of isolating ligninolytic fungi which can be used for different biotechnology applications including bioremediation of polluted soils and bio
A study on change in bone mineral density with Vitamin D supplementation in elderly Indian population

Background: There are various scientific studies in literature which have pointed high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in elderly Indian population but there is no study which has shown that adequate Vitamin D supplementation can improve the bone and muscle health or increase the bone mineral density (BMD) in this age group. Aims and Objectives: (1) The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Vitamin D supplementation in the improvement of BMD in elderly Indian population. (2) The secondary objective is to observe the change in serum Vitamin D levels by oral supplementation of Vitamin D in this age group. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized controlled study of total 80 elderly subjects. All subjects had Vitamin D levels
A Comparative Analysis of NZEB Energy Performance Requirements for Residential Buildings in Denmark, Estonia and Finland

Direct comparison of building energy performance levels between countries is usually not possible due to differences in climatic conditions, calculation methods, primary energy (PE) weighing factors and input data. This paper aims to analyse performance requirements and calculation methodology for residential Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) in Oceanic and Nordic climate zone countries according to European Commission (EC) recommended values, focusing on Denmark, Estonia, and Finland. Performance levels for each country are compared with European Commission (EC) recommended values (EU 2016/1318) using normalization and benchmarking through detailed computer simulations. The study is based on two representative buildings: a Danish single-family house and an Estonian apartment building, both designed to meet national NZEB requirements. The buildings were modelled using national and standardized (EN 16798–1:2019) methodologies, including country-specific climate and input data. The simulated performances were compared with EC threshold values, modified, and re-calculated to meet the NZEB PE targets of each country. To match the recommended energy performance, on-site renewable energy production using photovoltaic panels was increased or decreased accordingly. Results show that Estonian requirements for NZEB fulfil the EC NZEB recommendation. In the warmer, Oceanic climate zone it was however impossible to fulfil EC NZEB even with Estonian NZEB. This indicates that PE recommendations are too strict for colder Oceanic locations, represented in this paper by the Copenhagen climate.
Personality correlates of gaslighting behaviours in young adults

ABSTRACT This study focused on gaslighting, a specific type of psychological violence occurring in intimate relationships, where one partner displays controlling behaviours towards the other. The aim of the research was to analyse the association between gaslighting behaviours and dysfunctional personality domains of both abusers and survivors, respectively assessed through the PID-5-IRF and the PID-5-BF. A group of 250 young adults (males = 124), aged 18–30 years (M = 22.99, SD = 3.02), took part in this study. Our results showed that (a) for abusers, detachment, disinhibition and psychoticism were positively associated with gaslighting behaviours, and (b) for survivors, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism were positively associated with gaslighting behaviours from a partner.