Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activity, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical in Different Extracts of Melilotus officinalis L. as an Anti-infection and Anti-diabetic in Traditional Uses of Two Northern Provinces From Iran

Objectives: The current research delves into ethnopharmacology, specifically focusing on the influence of extraction solvent on parameters such as total phenol, flavonoid, coumarin, tannin, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity. This investigation spans different parts of Melilotus officinalis L. within two northern provinces of Iran. It is a holistic approach, exploring both traditional applications and the scientific impact of extraction methods on the plant’s bioactive properties. Materials and Methods: In various observational studies across different fields, ethnopharmacological data were acquired by collecting various parts of the M. officinalis plant (flowers, stem, and root) at different blooming stages from Charbagh Mountain (2340 msl) and Gorgan region (200 msl) between June and July 2016. “Ethanol and water extracts” of these plant parts were obtained through the maceration method. The quantification of “total phenol” (TP), “flavonoid” (TF), coumarin (CO), and tannin (TA) content in the extracts was conducted using spectrophotometry. The in vitro “antioxidant capacity” of the extracts was assessed through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay
Miocene Slănic Tuff, Eastern Carpathians, Romania, in the Context of Badenian Salinity Crisis

New geochronological investigations for the Slănic Formation, correlated with previous bio- and lithostratigaphical information, allow for a better succession of events for the Middle Miocene, including the absolute age of the Badenian salinity crisis in the bend sector of the Eastern Carpathians. Within the green Slănic Tuff, white tuff layers were in evidence. The main element distribution of the white and green tuffs indicates a dacitic composition, with higher SiO2 content for the white tuff. The white tuff has a distinct mineralogical composition with quartz, plagioclase, biotite and clinoptilolite. From such a tuff layer a biotite concentrate gives a 40Ar/39Ar age of 13.7 ± 0.2 Ma. As above these tuff layers discrete levels of gypsum occur, the age documents the beginning of the restrictive circulation and formation of evaporites in this sector of Carpathians during Badenian times.
Crestline bifurcation and dynamics in fluvially‐dominated, tidally‐influenced flow

Current understanding of dune dynamics in rivers and estuaries in response to varying flows remains incomplete, particularly with respect to pattern evolution. This study presents observations of dune crestline change during the gradually varied flow caused by the influence of a diurnal tide on the fluvially‐dominated Fraser Estuary, British Columbia, Canada. Observations consist of a 1·0 km long and 0·5 km wide patch of a dune field mapped repeatedly during a falling and rising spring tide, on the rising limb of annual hydrograph immediately prior to peak freshet. The fundamental relations between dune geometry, translation rate, sediment flux and the birth, death and piracy of dune crestlines are explored. The data show that the bedform field consists of primary, channel‐spanning dunes with a series of interconnected secondary crestlines. The primary crestlines are two‐dimensional and experience little change over the tide cycle. The secondary crestlines impart a three‐dimensionality to the bedform field that is dynamic with the flow. There is a predominance of dune crestline bifurcation ‘deaths’ (disappearances) over ‘births’ (appearances) as flow velocity in the channel increases, suggesting that the crestline configuration is moving towards a more two‐dimensional configuration. As the flow wanes, bifurcation births outweigh deaths, suggesting that the dune field becomes more complex and three‐dimensional. The results suggest that the primary response to variable flow may be a simplification of the dune field towards a two‐dimensional configuration as flow increases and added complexity towards a more three‐dimensional configuration as the dune flow wanes.
The Effect Of Profitability, Cash Holding, And Bonus Plan On The Practice Of Income Smoothing

This study aims to empirically examine whether profitability, cash holding, and bonus plan affect the practice of income smoothing listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019 period. The research uses secondary data. Sample used in this research are companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) LQ45 index in 20152019 period by using purposive sampling method. There are 25 companies that fulfill the criteria as research sample. This research used quantitative methods. Research variables being used are profitability, cash holding, and bonus plan. The hypothesis test used is logistic regression analysis with binary logit method and using application program Eviews 10, The result from this research showed that the variables profitability which is proxied by ROA partially has a significant effect on the practice of income smoothing with a negative coefficient and variable cash holding partially has a significant effect on the practice of income smoothing with a positive coefficient. While variable bonus plan partially does not have a significant effect on the practice of income smoothing, simultaneously, the results of this research showed that the variables profitability, cash holding, and bonus plan have a significant effect on the practice of income smoothing.
The importance of speckle tracking echocardiography in the evaluation of cardiac functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to analyze the layer-specific strain values obtained by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) method in the determination of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Patients and methods: Between February 2019 and October 2019, a total of 63 female RA patients (mean age: 51.82±6.07 years; range, 40 and 65 years) who had a confirmed diagnosis were included. Thirty-one age-matched female healthy individuals (mean age: 50.71±5.37 years; range, 40 and 65 years) were selected as the control group. The patients were divided into three groups according to the duration of disease as <5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years. The Disease Activity Score in 28 joint - C-reactive protein (CRP) was used to determine disease activation. The standard assessment included complete serum CRP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, rheumatoid factor, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and homocysteine. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) analysis was performed with STE. Results: The NT-proBNP values were found to be higher in RA patients compared to the control group (p=0.044). In terms of conventional echocardiographic parameters, a significant difference between E/A and E/E’ ratios was observed (p<0.001 and p=0.015). Endocardium, transmural, and epicardium GLS values obtained by STE were found to be lower in RA patients (p<0.05). The left ventricular (LV) GLS values worsened, as the duration of disease increased (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between RA disease activity and LV GLS values, showing that increasing levels of disease activity was associated with worse LV GLS (r=0.583, p<0.01 and r=0.681, p<0.01 and r=0.689, p<0.01 for endocardium, transmural and epicardium, respectively). Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the layer-specific GLS values obtained by STE decrease in RA patients.
Hurricanes as a Major Driver of Coastal Erosion in the Mississippi River Delta: A Multi-Decadal Analysis of Shoreline Retreat Rates at Bay Champagne, Louisiana (USA)

The Louisiana shoreline is rapidly retreating as a result of factors such as sea-level rise and land subsidence. The northern Gulf of Mexico coast is also a hotspot for hurricane landfalls, and several major storms have impacted this region in the past few decades. A section of the Louisiana (USA) coast that has one of the highest rates of shoreline retreat in North America is the Caminada-Moreau headland, located south of New Orleans. Bay Champagne is a coastal lake within the headland that provides a unique opportunity to investigate shoreline retreat and the coastal effects of hurricanes. In order to examine the influence of hurricanes on the rate of shoreline retreat, 35 years (1983–2018) of Landsat imagery was analyzed. During that period of time, the shoreline has retreated 292 m. The overall rate of shoreline retreat, prior to a beach re-nourishment project completed in 2014, was over 12 m per year. A period of high hurricane frequency (1998–2013) corresponds to an increased average shoreline retreat rate of >21 m per year. Coastal features created by multiple hurricanes that have impacted this site have persisted for several years. Bay Champagne has lost 48% of its surface area over the last 35 years as a result of long-term shoreline retreat. If shoreline retreat continues at the average rate, it is expected that Bay Champagne will disappear completely within the next 40 years.
Long Paper CrISA-X: Unleashing Performance Excellence in Lightweight Symmetric Cryptography for Extendable and Deeply Embedded Processors

The selection of a Lightweight Cryptography (LWC) algorithm is crucial for resource-limited applications. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) leads this process, which involves a thorough evaluation of the algorithms’ cryptanalytic strength. Furthermore, careful consideration is given to factors such as algorithm latency, code size, and hardware implementation area. These factors are critical in determining the overall performance of cryptographic solutions at edge devices. Introducing CrISA-X , a Cryptography Instruction Set Architecture eXtensions designed to improve cryptographic latency on extendable processors. CrISA-X , classified as Generic-Atomic, Block-Specific and Procedure-Specific, leverages RISC processor hardware and a base ISA to effectively execute LWC algorithms. Our study aims to evaluate the execution efficiency of new single-cycle instruction extensions and tightly coupled multi-cycle instructions on extendable modular RISC processors. CrISA-X provides enhanced speed of various algorithms simultaneously while optimizing ISA adaptability, a feat yet to be accomplished. The extension, diverse for several computation levels, is first specifically tailored for individual algorithms and sets of LWC algorithms, depending on performance, frequency, and area trade-offs. By diligently applying the Min-Max optimization technique, we have configured these extensions to achieve a delicate balance between performance, area code size, etc. Our study presents empirical evidence of the performance enhancement achieved on a real synthesis modular RISC processor. We offer a framework for creating optimized processor hardware and ISA extensions. The CrISA-X framework generally outperforms ISA extensions by delivering significant performance boosts between 3x to 17x while experiencing a relative area cost increase of +12% and +47% in LUTs, in respect to the instruction set category. Notably, as one important example, the utilization of the ASCON algorithm yields a 10x performance boost in contrast to the base ISA instruction implementation.
Dark Control: Towards a Unified Account of Default Mode Function by Markov Decision Processes

The default mode network (DMN) is believed to subserve the baseline mental activity in humans. Its highest energy consumption compared to other brain networks and its intimate coupling with conscious awareness are both pointing to an overarching function. Many research streams speak in favor of an evolutionarily adaptive role in envisioning experience to anticipate the future. In the present work, we propose a process model that tries to explain how the DMN may implement continuous evaluation and prediction of the environment to guide behavior. Specifically, we answer the question whether the neurobiological properties of the DMN collectively provide the computational building blocks necessary for a Markov Decision Process. We argue that our formal account of DMN function naturally accommodates as special cases previous interpretations based on (1) predictive coding, (2) semantic associations, and (3) a sentinel role. Moreover, this process model for the neural optimization of complex behavior in the DMN offers parsimonious explanations for recent experimental findings in animals and humans.
Analyzing peer-to-peer traffic across large networks

The use of peer-to-peer (P2P) applications is growing dramatically, particularly for sharing large video/audio files and software. In this paper, we analyze P2P traffic by measuring flow-level information collected at multiple border routers across a large ISP network, and report our investigation of three popular P2P systems-FastTrack, Gnutella, and Direct-Connect. We characterize the P2P traffic observed at a single ISP and its impact on the underlying network. We observe very skewed distribution in the traffic across the network at different levels of spatial aggregation (IP, prefix, AS). All three P2P systems exhibit significant dynamics at short time scale and particularly at the IP address level. Still, the fraction of P2P traffic contributed by each prefix is more stable than the corresponding distribution of either Web traffic or overall traffic. The high volume and good stability properties of P2P traffic suggests that the P2P workload is a good candidate for being managed via application-specific layer-3 traffic engineering in an ISP's network.
Cabinet Decontamination Using Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde fumigation is the most widely used method for terminal decontamination of biosafety cabinets in the UK. International standards define volumes of Formalin and water to be used for an effective fumigation. However, no published information is available showing that these levels are appropriate or effective. Studies have been undertaken to optimize the volumes of fumigant required to achieve 6 log reductions of bacterial spores within 2 sizes of biosafety cabinet. The tests have shown effective cycles can be achieved using significantly lower levels of fumigant than are recommended within the European Standard for biosafety cabinets and UK guidance. There is clear evidence of stratification of the fumigant within the cabinets with the time taken to achieve a 6 log reduction depending on the position within the cabinet and the local relative humidity.
Authors' Details

This paper presents a semiotic technique as a means of exploring meaning and understanding in interface design and use. This is examined through a study of the interaction between the “file” metaphor and “save as” command metaphor. The behaviour of these (from a functional or computational basis) do not exactly match, or map onto, the meaning of the metaphor. We examine both the denotation of a term to the user, i.e. its literal meaning to that person, and the term’s connotations, i.e. any other meanings associated with the term. We suggest that the technique applied is useful in predicting future problems with understanding the use of metaphor at the interface and with designing appropriate signification for human-computer interaction. Variation in connotation was expected but a more fundamental difference in denotation was also uncovered. Moreover, the results clearly demonstrate that consistency in the denotation of a term is critical in achieving a good user understanding of the command.
Morphological Disambiguation of Hebrew: A Case Study in Classifier Combination

Morphological analysis and disambiguation are crucial stages in a variety of natural language processing applications, especially when languages with complex morphology are concerned. We present a system which disambiguates the output of a morphological analyzer for Hebrew. It consists of several simple classifiers and a module that combines them under the constraints imposed by the analyzer. We explore several approaches to classifier combination, as well as a back-off mechanism that relies on a large unannotated corpus. Our best result, around 83 percent accuracy, compares favorably with the state of the art on this task.
Testing the Modigliani-Miller theorem directly in the lab: a general equilibrium approach

In this paper, we directly test the Modigliani-Miller theorem in the lab. Applying a general equilibrium approach and not allowing for arbitrage among firms with different capital structures, we are able to address this issue without making any assumptions about individuals' risk attitudes and initial wealth positions. We find that, consistent with the Modigliani-Miller theorem, experimental subjects well recognized the increased systematic risk of equity with increasing leverage and accordingly demanded higher rate of return. Furthermore, the correlation between the value of the debt and equity is -0.94, which is surprisingly comparable with the -1 predicted by the Modigliani-Miller theorem. Yet, a U shape cost of capital seems to organize the data better.
Upper Guadalupian to Lower Lopingian Latentifistularian (Radiolaria) Interval Zones of the Mino Belt in the Mt. Funabuseyama Area, Central Japan

Abstract. We present a biostratigraphic study of the Latentifistularia (Radiolaria) in the upper Guadalupian to lower Lopingian (upper Capitanian to lower Wuchiapingian; Permian) succession of bedded chert of the Mino Belt in the Mt. Funabuseyama area, central Japan. The rocks examined are interpreted to be of the pelagic facies on the deep-marine lower flank of a mid-Panthalassic seamount. We established six latentifistularian-based interval zones in the chert succession (ca. 12.5 m in thickness) by using the first appearance datum of the latentifistularian species. They are the Foremanhelena triangula, Ruzhencevispongus sp. B, Ruzhencevispongus sp. C, Triplanospongos angustus, Cauletella paradoxa, and Triplanospongos musashiensis interval zones in ascending order. The first interval zone is underlain by an unnamed zone characterized by Follicucullus charveti and Follicucullus spp. with minor F. bipartitus and Pseudoalbaillella sp. On the basis of the radiolarian assemblage, we correlate the Foremanhelena triangula, Ruzhencevispongus sp. B, Ruzhencevispongus sp. C, Triplanospongos angustus interval zones and the Cauletella paradoxa and Triplanospongos musashiensis interval zones with the Follicucullus charveti-Albaillella yamakitai and Neoalbaillella ornithoformis assemblage zones in Japan, respectively. The lower three interval zones and the upper two interval zones are compared with the upper Capitanian and lower Wuchiapingian, respectively. The Triplanospongos angustus Interval Zone presumably includes the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary. Our results show that the latentifistularians can be used to formulate a biostratigraphic zonation of the upper Capitanian to lower Wuchiapingian stages, in which the albaillellarians are much less abundant and diverse. The newly proposed interval zones permit the further subdivision of upper Capitanian to lower Wuchiapingian successions.
Sponge Attack Against Multi-Exit Networks With Data Poisoning

The motivation for the development of multi-exit networks (MENs) lies in the desire to minimize the delay and energy consumption associated with the inference phase. Moreover, MENs are designed to expedite predictions for easily identifiable inputs by allowing them to exit the network prematurely, thereby reducing the computational burden due to challenging inputs. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the security vulnerabilities inherent in MENs. In this study, we introduce a novel approach called the sponge attack, which aims to compromise the fundamental advantages of MENs that allow easily identifiable images to leave in early exits. By employing data poisoning techniques, we frame the sponge attack as an optimization problem that empowers an attacker to select a specific trigger, such as adverse weather conditions (e.g., raining), to compel inputs to traverse the complete network layers of the MEN (e.g., in the context of traffic sign recognition) instead of early-exits when the trigger condition is met. Remarkably, our attack has the capacity to increase inference latency, while maintaining the classification accuracy even in the presence of a trigger, thus operating discreetly. Extensive experimentation on three diverse natural datasets (CIFAR100, GTSRB, and STL10), each trained with three prominent MEN architectures (VGG16, ResNet56, and MSDNet), validates the efficacy of our attack in terms of latency augmentation and its effectiveness in preserving classification accuracy under trigger conditions.
Depth to Basement Determination Using Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) of Aeromagnetic Data: An Application to Upper Benue Trough and Borno Basin, Northeast, Nigeria

Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) of aeromagnetic data covering latitude 9.5 0 – 12.0 0 and longitude 9.5 0 – 12.0 0 , which corresponds to upper Benue trough and southern Borno basin, northeast, Nigeria, was carried out for the purpose of investigating the sedimentary thickness beneath the subsurface. The study area is covered by 25 aeromagnetic maps. The aeromagnetic maps were digitized on a 3 km by 3 km grid and later compiled to produce a combined aeromagnetic data file of the study area. The 3 km spacing interval imposed a Nyquist frequency of 0.167 km -1 while the data file comprised 7921 data points. The Polynomial Fitting method was applied in the regional–residual separation. The depth to magnetic source was determined through several mathematical processing from various grids. The pre-processed grids from the residual grid as input grid are dx, dy and dz. These output grids were later served as input grids for SPI processing. First order derivative was adhered to, as the method is much more sensitive to noise at higher order of derivative. The result of the Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) has its highest sedimentary thickness of about 5.0 km around Gombe, AkoGombe, Bulkachuwa and Damaturu areas. The shallow sedimentary thickness could also be found in basement complex around Bauchi, Kaltungo inlier and volcanic areas at the eastern part of the study area. Detailed seismic survey and soil sample tests should be carried out around Gombe, AkoGombe, Damaturu and Bulkachuwa, these areas were suggested as having the highest sedimentary thickness of about 5.0 km, as this may determine the presence of hydrocarbon.
WEIGHT X LENGTH RELATIONSHIP AND LENGTH CONVERSION OF YELLOWFIN TUNA, Thunnus albacares, FROM FISHERIES ASSOCIATED WITH AN OFFSHORE BUOY IN THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC

This paper presents the estimate of the weight-length relationship for the Thunnus albacares fishery associated with an offshore buoy in the Equatorial Atlantic, as well as the length conversion to access the actual population structure that is being exploited. Data were obtained from May, 2010 to April, 2011 in the landings at the fishing pier of Areia Branca, Northeast Brazil, and on board during a research cruise in February, 2011. We sampled a total of 348 individuals of T. albacares but the estimates of the length conversion equation data were derived from 174 individuals and to the weight x length relationship data from 201 individuals. By linear regression analysis the following conversion formula of pectoral fin-fork length on fork length data was obtained: FL = 6.0522 + 1.2445 PFFL. The relationship between log-length and logweight data is represented by the regression ln DWT= -10.711+ 2.9347 ln FL, whose potential equation is WT = 0.0000223 x FL2.935.