Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(When) Does Ramadan A ect Daily Caloric Intake? Evidence from Rural Malawi*

This paper investigates the e ects of Ramadan on calorie consumption and labor supply among Muslim households in rural Malawi. Across four rounds of household survey data, I nd no evidence of a decrease in calorie consumption during Ramadan on average. I do, however, nd evidence that working-age people reduce their weekly work by about three hours, or nearly 20 percent, on average. This nding on calories shows substantial variation across the di erent rounds of data. The evidence presented calls into question the hypothesis that consumption during Ramadan should fall more dramatically when the holiday overlaps with the harvest (when baseline consumption levels are relatively high compared to the rest of the year), compared to when Ramadan falls near the annual hunger season (when baseline consumption levels tend to be much lower). I discuss potential implications of this variation for our understanding of seasonal consumption patterns. *A version of this paper was originally included as a chapter of my Ph.D. dissertation at Columbia University. It has bene ted from discussions with Supreet Kaur, Eric Verhoogen, Suresh Naidu, Kaivan Munshi, and Doug Almond, and from feedback from participants at the Development Colloquium at Columbia. Even more so, it has bene ted from the discussion at my defense with my dissertation committee Eric Verhoogen, Suresh Naidu, Rodrigo Soares, Miguel Urquiola, and Jack Willis who helped guide me toward a more scaled back, and thus more realistic and achievable, framework for the paper. Olivier Ecker, Rachel Gilbert, and Kate Schneider generously shared time, data, programs, and other valuable information with me that were immensely helpful in the process of constructing measures of calories from the Malawi IHS data. This paper makes use of data from Malawi's IHS2 (2004 2005), IHS3 (201
Supplementary Use of Poultry Droppings and Rice-Husk Waste as Organic Amendments in Southeastern Nigeria. 1: Soil Chemical Properties and Maize Yield

The soils of Ebonyi State South agro-ecological zone of south-eastern Nigeria are plagued with characteristics that impede optimal crop production. In order to arrest the declining productivity of the degraded soils in this zone, an appropriate soil management practices are needed. An investigation to evaluate the influence of soil amendments (rice husk dust and rice husk ash supplemented with poultry droppings) on some selected soil chemical properties, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays), was carried out at Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu, Ebonyi State. The treatments were fitted into a splitplot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Two soil amendments (Rice husk and rice husk ash) were the main plot treatments, whereas the six levels of the soil amendments (12.5t/ha, 10t/ha,7.5t/ha, 5t/ha, 2.5t/ha and control) were the sub-plot treatments. The test crop was maize (Orbasuper 2 variety). Soil chemical properties evaluated were pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and exchangeable bases (K , ca Mg and Na ). Others included CEC, + 2+, 2+ + exchangeable acidity and available phosphorous, while the maize cob yields was measured. The soil amendments showed significant improvement on the soil pH, organic carbon and showed no significant effect on total nitrogen. Generally, essential plant nutrients as exchangeable K , Ca Mg and Na were improved by + 2+, 2+ + the amendments. Similarly the CEC and available phosphorous were equally significantly improved by the soil amendments. Maize yields even though not enhanced by factor A, but was statistically improved by the different amendment levels. The study revealed the superiority of RHA and RHD in the improvement of most of the chemical properties of soil and in production of maize in southeastern Nigeria.
Integrative transcriptomics analysis for uterine leiomyosarcoma identifies aberrant activation of cell cycle-dependent kinases and their potential therapeutic significance.

Purpose: Uterine leiomyosarcoma is among the most aggressive gynecological malignancies. No effective treatment strategies have been established. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets for uterine leiomyosarcoma based on transcriptome analysis and assess the preclinical efficacy of novel drug candidates. Experimental Design: Transcriptome analysis was carried out using fresh-frozen samples of six uterine leiomyosarcomas and three myomas. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was then used to identify potential therapeutic target genes for uterine leiomyosarcoma. Moreover, our results were validated using three independent datasets, including 40 uterine leiomyosarcomas. Then, the inhibitory effects of several selective inhibitors for the candidate genes were examined using the SK-UT-1, SK-LMS-1, and SKN cell lines. Results: We identified 512 considerably dysregulated genes in uterine leiomyosarcoma compared with myoma. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that the function of several genes, including CHEK1 and PLK1, were predicted to be activated in uterine leiomyosarcoma. Through an in vitro drug screening, PLK1 or CHEK1 inhibitors (BI 2536 or prexasertib) were found to exert a superior anti-cancer effect against cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations and induced cell cycle arrest. In SK-UT-1 tumor-bearing mice, BI 2536 monotherapy demonstrated a marked tumor regression. Moreover, the prexasertib and cisplatin combination therapy also reduced tumorigenicity and prolonged survival. Conclusion: We identified the upregulated expression of PLK1 and CHEK1; their kinase activity was considered to be activated in uterine leiomyosarcoma. BI 2536 and prexasertib demonstrate a significant anti-cancer effect; thus, cell cycle-related kinases may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating uterine leiomyosarcoma.
STEP: Out-of-Distribution Detection in the Presence of Limited In-Distribution Labeled Data

Existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) studies typically assume that unlabeled and test data are drawn from the same distribution as labeled data. However, in many real-world applications, it is desirable to have SSL algorithms that not only classify the samples drawn from the same distribution of labeled data but also detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples drawn from an unknown distribution. In this paper, we study a setting called semi-supervised OOD detection. Two main challenges compared with previous OOD detection settings are i) the lack of labeled data and in-distribution data; ii) OOD samples could be unseen during training. Efforts on this direction remain limited. In this paper, we present an approach S TEP significantly improving OOD detection performance by introducing a new technique: Structure-Keep Unzipping. It learns a new representation space in which OOD samples could be separated well. An efficient optimization algorithm is derived to solve the objective. Comprehensive experiments across various OOD detection benchmarks clearly show that our S TEP approach outperforms other methods by a large margin and achieves remarkable detection performance on several benchmarks.
Investigating the Impact of Using a Live Programming Environment in a CS1 Course

Novice programmers often struggle with code understanding and debugging. Live Programming environments visualize the runtime values of a program each time it is modified to provide immediate feedback, which help with tracing the program execution. This paper presents the use of a Live Programming tool in a CS1 course to better understand the impact of Live Programming on novices' learning metrics and their perceptions of the tool. We conducted a within-subjects study at a large public university in a CS1 course in Python (N=237) where students completed tasks in a lab setting, in some cases with a Live Programming environment, and in some cases without. Through post-lab surveys and open-ended feedback, we measured how well students understood the material and how students perceived the programming environment. To understand the impact of Live Programming, we compared the collected data for students who used Live Programming with the data for students who did not. We found that while learning outcomes were the same regardless of whether Live Programming was used or not, students who used the Live Programming tool completed some code tracing tasks faster. Furthermore, students liked the Live Programming environment more, and rated it as more helpful for their learning.
Electrokinetic energy conversion through cylindrical microannulus with periodic heterogeneous wall potentials

In microfluidic electrokinetic flows, heterogeneous wall potentials are often required to fulfill some functions, such as increasing dispersion and mixing efficiency. In this paper, we study the pressure-driven electrokinetic flow through microannulus with heterogeneous wall potentials in circumferential direction. The streaming potential induced by the ions accumulating in downstream of the microannulus is considered and the electrokinetic energy conversion (EKEC) efficiency is further investigated. Interestingly, based on the method of Fourier expansion, the analytical solutions of fluid velocity, streaming potential and energy conversion efficiency are derived for arbitrary peripheral distribution of the small wall potential for the first time. Four specific patterned modes of the heterogeneous wall potential, i.e. constant, step, sinusoid with period 2π and sinusoid with period π/2 are represented. The distributions of the electric potential and the velocity for four different modes are depicted graphically. Furthermore, the variations of the streaming potential and the EKEC conversion efficiency with related parameters are also discussed. Results show that when these integral values from −π to π associated with the wall potentials are identical, the streaming potential and the EKEC efficiency corresponding to different modes are the same. Additionally, the amplitude of fluid velocity peripherally reduces with the increase of the wavenumber of wall potential distribution in θ-direction.
JABES-04-2021-0047_proof 204..224

Purpose – The study aims to reveal the effects of transformational leadership on nonfamily employee international intrapreneurship with the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Design/methodology/approach – The study sample consists of 379 employees at 132 family export and import firms inHoChiMinhCity of Vietnam.The data is analyzed by a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings – The paper reveals that transformational leadership had a positive and significant influence on nonfamily employee international intrapreneurship. The effect of transformational leadership on international intrapreneurship is strongly mediated by psychological empowerment. Practical implications – Family firms would have to form the architecture and mechanisms for supporting the dedication of nonfamily international intrapreneurship actions with transformational leadership and psychological empowerment. Originality/value – The paper grants the driving mechanism of the transformational leadership on nonfamily employee international intrapreneurship through the mediating role of employee psychological empowerment in the context of family businesses in an emerging market.
Fear of COVID-19 infection, as a mediator between exposure to news and mental health, in the Peruvian population

Introduction: In this COVID-19 pandemic, protective measures against the disease and government-imposed policies should be known. However, the media also report on deaths and health service shortages, but their impact on the mental health of the population is ignored. Objective: To determine whether fear of COVID-19 infection acts as a mediator between exposure to news about the pandemic and mental health in the Peruvian population. Method: Explanatory study with observable variables in which 541 persons selected by non-probabilistic sampling participated. They responded to a sociodemographic file and the following scales: Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Data were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 and Macro PROCESS for SPSS programs;linear regression and bootstrapping of 10 000 simulations were used. Results: The number of hours watching and/or listening to covid-19 information is a good predictor of the COVID-19 fear mediator variable (β=, 75;t = 3.77, p<.001**). In turn, this has a predictor effect on mental health (β= -,24;t = -13.57, p<.001**). However, the number of hours of exposure to COVID-19 information had no direct positive effect on mental health (β= -.10;t = -1.184, p=.23). Conclusion: Fear of COVID-19 has a total mediating effect between exposure to pandemic news and mental health in the Peruvian population. © 2022 Servicio de Publicaciones - Universidad de Murcia. All Rights Reserved.
The Influence of Principal Transformational Leadership, Work Culture and Work Environment on Teacher Performance in State Senior High Schools throughout Banjarbaru City

The teacher is the main component that determines the quality of the education process. Therefore, teacher performance becomes the main aspect that is of concern to everyone. In this case, the principal has an important role as the spearhead to improve teacher performance. This can be done through his leadership which can create a conducive work culture and create a good working environment. This study aims to describe and analyze: (1) Principal transformational leadership, work culture, work environment and teacher performance; (2) the influence of transformational leadership on work culture; (3) the influence of transformational leadership on the work environment; (4) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance; (5) the influence of work culture on teacher performance; (6) the influence of the work environment on teacher performance; (7) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance through work culture; (8) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance through the work environment. This research uses descriptive-quantitative research method. The number of samples in this study were 115 teachers. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire that has fulfilled the validity and reliability test requirements. Analysis of the data to test the hypothesis using path analysis. Based on the results of this study it was found that there is a direct influence of: (1) principal transformational leadership on a work culture of 0.832, (2) principal transformational leadership on a work environment of 0.957, (3) principal transformational leadership on teacher performance of 0.847, ( 4) work culture on teacher performance of 0.752, (5) work environment on teacher performance of 0.798, (6) indirect influence of principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through work culture of 0.626, (7) principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through work environment of 0.762. The conclusion of the research is that there is an influence of the principal's transformational leadership, work culture and work environment on the performance of public high school teachers throughout the city of Banjarbaru. It is recommended for principals to optimize the role of leadership through transformational leadership in order to improve work culture, work environment and teacher performance. Teachers are expected to always improve their performance, especially in the teaching and learning process. Keyword: Principal Transformational Leadership, Work Culture, Work Environment, Teacher Performance. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited.
Alvarado Score and RIPASA Score

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado score and the RIPASA score for acute appendicitis using histopathology as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Sep 2018. Methodology: A total number of 270 patients were included in the study presenting with pain right iliac fossa to the Accident and Emergency department. Surgeons and Seniors Residents in Surgery on call in the Accident and Emergency Department. Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, scored the patients with suspicion of acute appendicitis with Alvarado Score and RIPASA score simultaneously. After appendectomy of these patients, the removed appendix was sent for histopathology to confirm whether it was normal or inflamed. A 2x2 table was used for calculating sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the RIPASA score and Alvarado Score. The two scoring systems were then compared for diagnostic accuracy. Results: In our study, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of RIPASA score and Alvarado score for diagnosing acute appendicitis were 92.1%, 62.1%, 95.2%, 48.6%, 88.9% and 72.6%, 68.9%, 95.1%, 23.2%, 72.2% respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of RIPASA score was more than that of Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis.
ISSN: 2595-573X

Rivers protection is fundamental for the socioecological systems, and the benthic macroinvertebrates communities can be used to assess the quality of river waters. This study aimed to assess the water quality at the “Cachoeira do Paraíso” waterfall, Peruíbe, SP, based on the benthic macrofauna. Sampling took place at 3 sampling sites, under different levels of anthropic influence. Water physical-chemical and sedimentological parameters were evaluated, as well as macrobenthic organisms. Samplings were done by kick sampling technique. The organisms were identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level and points were attributed to each group according to their respective sensitivity and tolerance to pollutants. Then, a biological index was calculated to indicate the water quality. Ecological indices were calculated and compared using ANOVA. The water physical-chemical parameters showed to be within the legal standards. 13 taxonomic groups of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified, with the Shannon diversity indices indicating similar taxonomic diversity. The score given to each taxa generated biological indices for each sample, ranging from regular to excellent. Diptera (with head) I was the most representative taxon, and sensitive taxonomic groups, were found in all the sampling sites, suggesting a good quality of the water body during the period of study.
Responsible patterns of production and consumption: The race for the achievement of SDGs in emerging markets

Since the end of the 20th century, the role of private multinational enterprises (MNEs) has been recognized as critical in implementing increased sustainable production and consumption atterns. Particularly after the creation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Agenda 2030, this role has increased. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the measures and actions taken by companies in their contribution to the achievement of the SDG 12. Through the identification of more than 52 metrics in sustainability reports of 854 firms, findings suggest that direct greenhouse gas emissions and indirect greenhouse gas emissions are the most often reported corporate metrics to measure their impact on specific SDGs. This reveals the importance of sustainability actions in emerging market firms as a mechanism to gain legitimacy when operating in foreign markets and as an opportunity to create more sustainable production models.
Driving Galactic Outflows with Magnetic Fields at Low and High Redshift

Although galactic outflows play a key role in our understanding of the evolution of galaxies, the exact mechanism by which galactic outflows are driven is still far from being understood and, therefore, our understanding of associated feedback mechanisms that control the evolution of galaxies is still plagued by many enigmas. In this work, we present a simple toy model that can provide insight on how non-axisymmetric instabilities in galaxies (bars, spiral arms, warps) can lead to local exponential magnetic field growth by radial flows beyond the equipartition value by at least two orders of magnitude on a timescale of a few 100 Myr. Our predictions show that the process can lead to galactic outflows in barred spiral galaxies with a mass-loading factor η ≈ 0.1, in agreement with our numerical simulations. Moreover, our outflow mechanism could contribute to an understanding of the large fraction of barred spiral galaxies that show signs of galactic outflows in the chang-es survey. Extending our model shows the importance of such processes in high-redshift galaxies by assuming equipartition between magnetic energy and turbulent energy. Simple estimates for the star formation rate in our model together with cross correlated masses from the star-forming main sequence at redshifts z ∼ 2 allow us to estimate the outflow rate and mass-loading factors by non-axisymmetric instabilities and a subsequent radial inflow dynamo, giving mass-loading factors of η ≈ 0.1 for galaxies in the range of M ⋆ = 109–1012 M ⊙, in good agreement with recent results of sinfoni and kmos 3D.
Serum miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p as new biomarkers of neonatal sepsis

Background Neonatal sepsis is a serious condition. Recent clinical studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which could be used as biomarkers for this condition. Patients and methods A total of 90 neonates with sepsis and 90 healthy neonates were enrolled in this study. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of serum miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p. Results miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p serum levels were significantly reduced in neonates with sepsis compared with those in healthy neonates (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations of miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p with each of TLC, RDW, RBS, and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as SNAPII were observed, indicating their associations with the severity of neonatal sepsis. Conclusion miR-34a-5p and miR-199a-3p may be useful as novel biomarkers in neonatal sepsis and may provide a new direction for its treatment.