Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Four hot DOGs in the microwave

Hot dust-obscured galaxies (hot DOGs) are a rare class of hyperluminous infrared galaxies identified with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite. The majority of them are at high redshifts (z similar to 2-3), at the peak epoch of star formation in the Universe. Infrared, optical, radio, and X-ray data suggest that hot DOGs contain heavily obscured, extremely luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN). This class may represent a short phase in the life of the galaxies, signifying the transition from starburst- to AGN-dominated phases. Hot DOGs are typically radio-quiet, but some of them show mJy-level emission in the radio (microwave) band. We observed four hot DOGs using the technique of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). The 1.7 GHz observations with the European VLBI Network (EVN) revealed weak radio features in all sources. The radio is free from dust obscuration and, at such high redshifts, VLBI is sensitive only to compact structures that are characteristic of AGN activity. In two cases (WISE J0757+5113, WISE J1603+2745), the flux density of the VLBI-detected components is much smaller than the total flux density, suggesting that similar to 70-90 per cent of the radio emission, while still dominated by AGN, originates from angular scales larger than that probed by the EVN. The source WISE J1146+4129 appears a candidate compact symmetric object, and WISE J1814+3412 shows a 5.1 kpc double structure, reminiscent of hotspots in a medium-sized symmetric object. Our observations support that AGN residing in hot DOGs may be genuine young radio sources where starburst and AGN activities coexist.
Pulverized coal combustion computational modeling approach: A review

CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) is a tool, through which, the entire combustion process for pulverized coal combustion (PCC) can be predicted. The solid fuel combustion modeling is not as simple as gaseous or liquid fuel combustion modeling. In the solid fuel combustion process, various physical transformations and chemical reactions occur simultaneously. Therefore in the computational modeling approach for PCC, basic physical and chemical processes such as; turbulence, radiation, devolatilization, gas-phase combustion, char reaction and soot formation/reduction are integrated to obtain the desired results. However, in order to reach the desired accuracy, different computational models should be chosen carefully. In this review, various common models that are widely used in PCC simulation are discussed scientifically along with their modeling aspects. The basic advantages and disadvantages of these models are also discussed in this study. Moreover, different models preferred by various authors for pulverized coal combustion simulation process are also summarized. From the review, it has been observed that the eddy viscosity based two-equation turbulent models and Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase approach are mostly preferred due to better computational economy. Two competing rate devolatilization model from various finite rate models and FG-DVC devolatilization model from various phenomenological models are mostly used for PCC. Diffusion kinetic control and Intrinsic char combustion models are mostly chosen to predict the char reaction. Finite reaction rate models are preferred when the computational economy is a concern, whereas phenomenological models provide results with better accuracy because in phenomenological models realistic inputs are given as input for simulation whereas, in finite rate models, finite rate constants are mostly empirical. Most of the gas phase models are given almost equal importance. Discrete ordinate (DO) is mostly used for PCC due to its ability of volumetric radiation calculation and the ability to evaluate radiation effect on the particle phase.
ANALYSIS OF THE Y(4274) WITH QCD SUM RULES

In this paper, we assume that there exists a pseudoscalar ${\bar D}_sD_{s0} (2317)$ molecular state and study its mass with the molecule-type interpolating current in details using the QCD sum rules. The numerical result disfavors identifying the charmonium-like state Y(4274) as the ${\bar D}_sD_{s0}(2317)$ molecule.
NONLINEAR MIXING OF TWO COLLINEAR RAYLEIGH WAVES

Nonlinear mixing of two collinear, initially monochromatic, Rayleigh waves propagating in the same direction in an isotropic, nonlinear elastic solid is investigated: analytically, by finite element method simulations and experimentally. In the analytical part, it is shown that only collinear mixing in the same direction fulfills the phase matching condition based on Jones and Kobett 1963 for the resonant generation of the second harmonics, as well as the sum and difference frequency components caused by the interaction of the two fundamental waves. Next, a coupled system of ordinary differential equations is derived based on the Lagrange equations of the second kind for the varying amplitudes of the higher harmonic and combination frequency components of the fundamentals waves. Numerical results of the evolution of the amplitudes of these frequency components over the propagation distance are provided for different ratios of the fundamental wave frequencies. It is shown that the energy transfer is larger for higher frequencies, and that the oscillation of the energy between the different frequency components depends on the amplitudes and frequencies of the fundamental waves. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the horizontal velocity component forms a shock wave while the vertical velocity component forms a pulse in the case of low attenuation. This behavior is independent of the two fundamental frequencies and amplitudes that are mixed. The analytical model is then extended by implementing diffraction effects in the parabolic approximation. To be able to quantify the acoustic nonlinearity parameter, β, general relations based on the plane wave assumption are derived. With these relations a β is expressed, that is analog to the β for longitudinal waves, in terms of the second harmonics and the sum and the difference frequencies. As a next step, frequency and amplitude ratios of the fundamental frequencies are identified, which provide a maximum amplitude of one of the second harmonics as well as the sum or difference frequency components to enhance experimental results. Subsequently, the results of the analytical model are compared to those of finite element method simulations. Two dimensional simulations for small propagation distances gave similar results for analytical and finite element simulations. Consquently. this shows the validity of the analytical model for this setup. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the mixing technique and of the models, experiments were conducted using a wedge transducer to excite mixed Rayleigh waves and an air-coupled transducer to detect the fundamentals, second harmonics and the sum frequency. Thus, these experiments yield more physical information compared to the case of using a single fundamental wave. Further experiments were conducted that confirm the modeled dependence on the amplitudes of the generated waves. In conclusion, the results of this research show that it is possible to measure the acoustic nonlinearity parameter β to quantify material damage by…
Comparison of Causes of Infective and Non-Infective Epistaxis in the Kolhan Belt Population of Jharkhand

Background: Epistaxis is the commonest otolarangyngological emergency affecting 60 % of population in their life time . If un-treated may affect hemodynamic status. Method: 92 Epistaxic patients of different age groups were treated conservatively after routine blood examination and serum electrolyte, Urea, S. Creatinine, Urine routine examination, Blood group, Coagulation profile, CT scan was done in selected patients to rule out neoplasm of the nose, PNS and nasopharynx. Moreover chest-x-ray, ECG was performed for fitness procedure required for general anaesthesia. Results: In clinical manifestations of infective and non-infective epistaxis 32 (34.7%) were idiopathic, 19 (20.6%) were due to trauma, 14 (15.2%) rhinitis, 15 (16.3%) HTN/Atherosclerosis, 2 (2.17%) due to tumours, 2 (2.17%) Iatrogenic, 3 (3.26%) foreign bed, 2 (2.17%) blood dyscrasis, 1 (1.08%) congenital heart disease, 2 (2.17%) during pregnancy, 30 (32.1%) were non-infective, 62 (67.3%) were infective epistaxic. Out of 92 patients 36 (39.1%) had non-infective bleeding sites and 56 (60.8%) had infective bleeding sites. Out of 6 (6.52%), 5 (5.43%) complications were observed in non-infective epistaxis. Conclusion: Though epistaxis is idiopathic it is classified as local or systemic but it is difficult to classify. Hence 80-90% were idiopathic (non-infective) Majority of the epistaxis were managed with conservative (non-surgical) treatment such as nasal packing and local cauterization. It is safe and cost effective surgery will be the lost resort to cure epistaxis.
The Sérsic-Pastoriza galaxy NGC 1808 - 1 . Radio-continuum, optical and H I observations

We present radio-continuum observations made at high angular resolution with the VIA at 20, 6 and 2 cm of the central region of the Sersic-Pastoriza galaxy NGC 1808. These observations reveal a population of compact radio sources, reminiscent of those found in the archetypal starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253. The bulk of these compact features are not coincident with the optical hot-spots and are likely to be individual or unresolved groups of SNRs. We have also made H i observations of NGC 1808 with the VLA (very large array). Although this was primarily to search for unusual motions which may enable us to understand the nuclear activity, we also obtained information on the large-scale distribution and dynamics of gas in this system. The neutral hydrogen is largely concentrated in a central bar, with weak emission from the spiral arms. An absorption profile against the radio emission from the nuclear region shows two features straddling the systemic velocity. The velocity field of the galaxy is largely consistent with rotation although there is evidence of significant non-circular motions in the bar. We discuss any possible relationship between these non-circular motions and the starburst/nuclear activity in the central region of NGC 1808.
Tunable parametric ZnGeP2 crystal oscillator

An analysis is made of various phase-matched nonlinear laser devices utilizing ZnGeP2 crystals with the chalocopyrite structure. The coefficients in the Sellmeier formula for the refractive indices of the crystal are given. Tuning curves of an optical parametric ZnGeP2 oscillator are obtained for the case of pumping with two erbium laser lines.
Cosmic applications of Gravitational Lens Assisted Spectroscopy (GLAS)

The principal observational contribution of this thesis is an innovative technique, using spatially resolved spectroscopy of highly magnified, gravitationally lensed galaxies, to study their internal structure and kinematics at redshift, z ≥ 1 on sub-galactic scales. The scientific objective is to measure the important, but poorly understood, role of star formation and associated feedback on galaxy evolution. With Gemini GMOS-IFU observations of CFRS03+1077, a lensed galaxy at z=2.94, we determined surface brightness and integration time requirements for spatially resolved kinematics with spectra in the visible region (< 1 micron). For reasonable exposure times the presence of a strong emission line is key, limiting the redshift range to < 1.5 for [OII]3727Å. To tackle the lack of suitable lenses for such studies, we designed a lens search algorithm suitable for multi-color photometric data (with a minimum of 2 colors). Our method uses a two-step approach, first automatically identifying galaxy clusters and groups as high likelihood lensing regions, followed by a dedicated visual search for lensed arcs in pseudo-color images of sub-regions centered on these candidates. By using the color-position clustering of elliptical galaxies in high density environments, the algorithm efficiently isolates candidates
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Trapping of particles by lasers: the quantum Kapitza pendulum

A circuit for indicating at a remote location the control states of a fully implantable heart pacer includes a parallel to serial converter which receives the control states from a register which controls the parameters of the associated pacer. When the pacer is switched to an asynchronous or to a magnetic mode, the data is shifted through the parallel to serial converter. A delay is added between pulses when a particular logic state appears, and no delay is added if the complement of that logic state appears. The parameters can therefore be determined externally by observing the successive periods between stimulation pulses in the asynchronous or magnetic mode of the pacer.
It’s a Bit Inappropriate: UK Students’ Negative Perceptions of Using Humor in Teaching Politics

Abstract Existing literature on using humor in teaching identifies several social and pedagogical benefits, ranging from making students feel more comfortable and interested in the subject matter to facilitating a critical pedagogy approach. However, there are several risks associated with humor attempts that are detrimental to learning and to student experiences. Through analyzing qualitative data from three focus groups (FGs) with 2nd and 3rd year Politics and/or International Relations (Pol & IR) students, this article advances a student-centric understanding of the pitfalls of using humor in content delivery. While humor is often subjective, timing, frequency, established conventions, subject matter, and lecture persona all impact how students perceive humor used by lecturers. This article juxtaposes existing literature on approaches to using humor in teaching, and its pedagogical benefits, with empirical evidence of student perspectives and expectations to highlight the practical challenges and risks of including humor attempts in effective Pol & IR teaching.
On measures of symmetry and floating bodies

We consider the following measure of symmetry of a convex n-dimensional body K: $\rho(K)$ is the smallest constant for which there is a point x in K such that for partitions of K by an n-1-dimensional hyperplane passing through x the ratio of the volumes of the two parts is at most $\rho(K)$. It is well known that $\rho(K)=1$ iff K is symmetric. We establish a precise upper bound on $\rho(K)$; this recovers a 1960 result of Grunbaum. We also provide a characterization of equality cases (relevant to recent results of Nill and Paffenholz about toric varieties) and relate these questions to the concept of convex floating bodies.
Data Propagation for Low Latency Blockchain Systems

Broadcasting plays a vital role in the consensus mechanisms of blockchain systems, since the consensus of each block must wait until the previous block is received by (nearly) all the nodes in the blockchain systems. Therefore, optimizing the performance of broadcasting can significantly improve the performance of the blockchain system. However, compared with other traditional P2P applications such as file downloading or video delivery, the broadcasting in blockchain has two new requirements, namely low redundancy and low propagation latency, which all the existing mechanisms (e.g. flooding, structural DHT etc.) can not meet well. In this paper, we propose Swift, a new broadcasting mechanism for blockchain systems. It optimizes the P2P topology construction and broadcast algorithm in the structured network based on unsupervised learning and greedy algorithm, effectively reducing the propagation latency of the blockchain P2P network while avoiding the waste of redundant bandwidth. We implemented a prototype of Swift and evaluated its performance on a testbed network that consists of 1000 blockchain nodes. The experimental findings show that Swift can reduce propagation latency by 19.8% with similar bandwidth consumption, generating an 18% increase in the throughput performance of the blockchain. Finally, with the increase in connections, Swift can simultaneously achieve low latency and maintain a relatively stable redundant bandwidth waste, instead of linearly increasing in flooding.
Chromium: NLTE abundances in metal-poor stars and nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy

Aims. We investigate statistical equilibrium of Cr in the atmospheres of late-type stars to ascertain whether the systematic abundance discrepancy between Cr I and Cr II lines, as often found in previous work, is due to deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Furthermore, we attempt to interpret the Non-LTE (NLTE) trend of [Cr/Fe] with [Fe/H] using chemical evolution models for the solar neighborhood. Methods. NLTE calculations are performed for the model of the Cr atom, comprising 340 levels and 6806 transitions in total. We use the quantum-mechanical photoionization cross-sections of Nahar (2009) and investigate the sensitivity of the model to uncertain crosssections for H I collisions. NLTE line formation is performed for the MAFAGS-ODF model atmospheres of the Sun and 10 metal-poor stars with −3.2 < [Fe/H] < −0.5, and Cr abundances are derived by comparing the synthetic and observed flux spectra. Results. We achieve good ionization equilibrium of Cr for models with different stellar parameters, if inelastic collisions with H I atoms are neglected. The solar NLTE abundance based on Cr I lines is 5.74 dex with σ = 0.05 dex, which is ∼0.1 dex higher than the LTE abundance. For the metal-poor stars, the NLTE abundance corrections to Cr I lines range from +0. 3t o+0.5 dex. The resulting [Cr/Fe] ratio is roughly solar for the range of metallicities analyzed here, which is consistent with current views on the production of these iron peak elements in supernovae. Conclusions. The tendency of Cr to become deficient with respect to Fe in metal-poor stars is an artifact caused by the neglect of NLTE effects in the line formation of Cr i, and has no relation to any peculiar physical conditions in the Galactic ISM or deficiencies of nucleosynthesis theory.
Effects of Anonymity and Non-Anonymity on Students’ Writing Reviews and Corrections

This study compared the effects of employing the senior review activity in two modes of anonymous and non-anonymous reviews. There were seven senior students who have made reviews on the essay writing drafts of two junior classes on the same topic. It was found that the two groups of junior students had positive attitudes toward the mode of reviews they participated in and that senior students had made more constructive comments on junior students’ writing when their names were not disclosed. The findings on senior students’ attitudes also informed that even though they had no problems with the review conditions of either being anonymous or non-anonymous, they preferred to know whose work they were reviewing. The paper discusses some implications for the application of a review activity in a writing classroom as well as directions for future studies.
Spatially heterogeneous glacier elevation change in the Jankar Chhu Watershed, Lahaul Himalaya, India derived using ASTER DEMs

Abstract This study investigates elevation change (dh) and geodetic mass budget of glaciers in the Jankar Chhu Watershed (JCW), Lahaul Himalaya, India, based on the difference in ASTER DEMs during 2002–2018. Glacier-wide spatially heterogeneous dh patterns were evaluated in the context of morphological and topographical settings. During 2002–2018, glaciers show a mean annual elevation change rate (dh/dt) of −0.38 ± 0.10 m a−1, resulting in a specific mass budget of −0.32 ± 0.09 m w.e. a−1, close to the previously reported estimates in western Himalaya. Nearly stagnant thick debris-covered tongue (>10% debris cover) characterized by melt hotspots exhibits maximum dh at up-glacier instead of the terminus. Debris-free glaciers (<10% debris cover) show maximum dh near the terminus. Spatially heterogeneous dh under varying debris cover is interpreted as an insulating effect of debris thickness as validated by field measurements. We suggest that elevation change of debris-covered glaciers cannot be generalized and glacier-wide spatially detailed mapping of dh is necessary to better understand the control of different surface morphology under warming climatic conditions in the western Himalayas. Highlights We present a spatially heterogeneous elevation change rate of 33 glaciers (150.9 km2) in the Jankar Chhu Watershed (JCW), Chandrabhaga basin, Western Himalaya based on the differences of ASTER digital elevation models (DEMs). We estimate the altitude-dependent elevation change of glaciers under varying debris thickness and surface morphology. Glaciers in the JCW show mean dh/dt of –0.38 ± 0.10 m a−1, resulting in a specific mass budget of –0.32 ± 0.09 m w.e. a−1, close to the previously reported estimates in western Himalaya. Debris-covered ice exhibits higher elevation change than debris-free ones. Thick debris-covered tongues show maximum surface lowering at up glaciers while debris-free tongue exhibits maximum lowering near the terminus. Debris thickness controls the altitude-wise spatial elevation change pattern in the JCW.
Effects of nutrient (N, P, K) fertilization on the dynamics of fine roots in tropical rain forests with different soil texture in the Colombian Pacific region

Introduction: Fine root dynamics include production, turnover and decomposition; they are crucial to forest health, affect the entire biogeochemical complex of the ecosystem, and consequently, they substantially affect carbon balance. However, the influence of environmental factors and soil nutrient limitation on fine roots presents considerable uncertainties and has not been studied in tropical forests with more than 7 000 mm annual rainfall. Objective: To measure the effect of fertilization on fine roots in the high precipitation Chocó forest. Methods: We worked in two sites of the Chocó region, Colombia (August 2014-May 2015), where rainfall exceeds 10 000 mm per year. We applied five fertilization treatments (N, P, K, NPK and Control) to two soil type plots. Soil cylinders were removed at pre-established intervals to measure roots. Results: Phosphorus applications increased fined roots; and more fine roots were produced in sandy than in loam soil. The effects of fertilization were related, but not clearly determined by edaphic conditions. Conclusions: In this Chocó forest, the production of fine roots was higher in sandy and nutrient-rich soils but belowground net primary productivity was limited by the content of edaphic Phosphorus.
Feline Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Review of the Classification and Histological Grading, with Comparison to Human and Canine

Simple Summary Soft tissue sarcomas are a common form of cancer arising in the skin and connective tissues of domestic cats. Soft tissue sarcomas encompass a group of different histological subtypes of tumours, which can behave in a range of different ways in the patient. In dogs and in humans, this group of tumours can be given a histological score (“grade”) at the time of diagnosis, which is prognostic, but there is no equivalent, well-established grading system for these tumours in cats. This review looks at soft tissue sarcomas in terms of which histological subtypes of tumour should be included in this group, and how pathologists approach their grading, comparing feline tumours with their human and canine counterparts. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas are one of the most commonly diagnosed tumours arising in the skin and subcutis of our domestic cats, and are malignant neoplasms with a range of histological presentations and potential biological behaviours. However, unlike their canine and human counterparts, there is no well-established histological grading system for pathologists to apply to these tumours, in order to provide a more accurate and refined prognosis. The situation is further complicated by the presence of feline injection site sarcomas as an entity, as well as confusion over terminology for this group of tumours and which histological types should be included. There is also an absence of large scale studies. This review looks at these tumours in domestic cats, their classification and histological grading, with comparisons to the human and canine grading system.