Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Acoustic Population Estimates of Salmon in a Lake with a Weir Count

Acoustic population estimates are performed routinely in fisheries. Usually, however, they have to stand on their own merit. A unique opportunity has been exploited to compare a series of acoustic surveys with a weir count that monitors the escapement of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, into a lake. Each survey was analysed by three acoustic methods; the results are compared among themselves and with the weir count. A detailed sensitivity analysis looks at the possible variance and bias in each method. Finally, several methods are used to estimate the acoustic fish target strength. These estimates are compared with published target strength values.
Terrestrial Invertebrate Community Structure as an Indicator of the Success of a Tropical Rainforest Restoration Project

Rainforest restoration is a relatively new endeavor, and few attempts have been made to assess the success of such restoration efforts in terms of the reestablishment of an ecosystem. Small plantings of rainforest tree species have been carried out adjacent to mature rainforest at Lake Barrine National Park in North Queensland, Australia, since 1988. The aim of this project was to assess the leaf litter invertebrate fauna of these plantings as indicators of the success of the restoration process. Plots planted in 1988, 1989, and 1990, as well as adjacent mature rainforest, were sampled in the wet and dry seasons of 1994. Invertebrates were extracted from leaf litter samples with Berlese Funnels and sorted to order. Diversity, the abundance of different size classes and orders of invertebrates, and the abundance of different functional groups were examined. In most respects the 1988 plot was found to differ little from the mature rainforest plots, whereas the 1990 plot lacked small and predatory invertebrates, especially in the dry season. The 1989 plot was intermediate in invertebrate abundance and diversity. The use of partially deciduous trees in the 1989 and 1990 plots, resulting in lower canopy cover at the driest time of the year, may have contributed significantly to the differences found between the early and later plantings. It is recommended that trees that provide good canopy cover year‐round be used as dominant species in plantings to facilitate the development of a leaf litter ecosystem that can be sustained throughout the year.
Redescription of the cercaria of Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819) Lühe, 1901 (Digenea, Hemiuridae) (= Cercaria vaullegeardi Pelseneer, 1906).

Abstract Embryonated eggs of Lecithochirium rufoviride (Rudolphi, 1819) Luhe, 1901 (Hemiuridae) from the stomach of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), developed into cercariae in agreement with the description of Cercaria vaullegeardi Pelseneer, 1906 in the prosobranch Gibbula cineraria (L.) (Trochidae). Since 1906, when C. vaullegeardi was originally described from G. cineraria no snail has apparently been found naturally infected with this species. The cystophorous cercaria of L. rufoviride is compared with those of L. furcolabiatum (Jones, 1933) Dawes, 1947 and L. fusiforme Luhe, 1901, which develop in other species of Gibbula and whose cercariae previously have been identified as Cercaria vaullegeardi. Cercaria vaullegeardi is described using light and scanning electron microscopy.
Low genetic variability in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum populations from common bean fields in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, at regional, local and micro‐scales

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of white mould, is the most destructive and widely distributed soilborne pathogen of common bean during the autumn–winter season in Brazil. Nevertheless, little is known about the genetic structure of the pathogen population. Microsatellite (SSR) markers and mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) were used to characterize 118 isolates collected from 20 bean fields located in the most important growing regions of Minas Gerais State (MG). Additionally, the genetic variability among 10 isolates obtained from a single sclerotium was investigated in 10 different sclerotia. Seventy SSR haplotypes and 14 MCGs were identified among the 118 isolates. The genetic differences within bean growing areas accounted for most of the genetic variation (72%). Despite the relatively high genotypic diversity, the SSR loci were at linkage disequilibrium. Moreover, 70% of the isolates were assigned to only two MCGs, and haplotypes of a given MCG were closely related. The discriminant analysis of principal components revealed five groups. There was strong genetic differentiation between isolates collected in one municipality in southern MG when compared to other regions. Common bean resistance to white mould should be assessed with representative isolates of the five genetic groups and, if possible, of the different MCGs detected in the present study. One to five haplotypes were detected among the 10 isolates obtained from a single sclerotium. Therefore, in order to ensure genetic identity of an isolate, hyphal tip or monoascosporic isolates should be used.
Vertical distribution of some piercing sucking insects on some roselle varieties in Egypt and the role of amino acids concentration in infestation

Abstract The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover was found to be the only aphid species infesting the tested roselle varieties (Sudani, Masri and White), Hibiscus sabdariffa L. which were cultivated in El-Kanater El-khayria (about 30 km north Cairo) as ex situ old land. The vertical distribution of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.); the leafhopper, Empoasca spp. and the pink hibiscus mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green, as insect pests attacking this crop had been studied. Moreover, certain morphological characters and amino acids concentrations in the three varieties of roselle, were obtained. The obtained results indicated that the experimental insect pests severely attacked leaves of the stem nodes from the 8th to the 11th (counting from the top of the plant), whereas whitefly were more abundant on these nodes. All tested insect species were less abundant on the 4th stem node. This may be due to the extensive existence of gland hairs, that excrete some compound especially phenols that might prevent the insects from reproducing on the leaves. The opposite was, however, true for M. hirsutus as it did not attack Sudani and Masri varieties but the infestation occurred at the highest level on the White variety.
Comparative larval morphology of the European bone-skippers, Thyreophora cynophila (Panzer, 1798) and Centrophlebomyia furcata (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Piophilidae), with notes on their coexistence and natural history

Considered at times as extinct, the European bone-skippers Thyreophora cynophila and Centrophlebomyia furcata (Diptera: Piophilidae) have been recently rediscovered in Spain, coexisting in some areas. Nevertheless, apart from their typical association with big mammal carcasses, little is known about them and the other species of subtribe Thyreophorina. In the present paper, the larval morphology of T. cynophila is described for the first time and compared with that of C. furcata. The morphology of cephalopharyngeal skeleton, the number and arrangement of the spines of ventral creeping welts, and the morphology and presence or absence of tubercles in the two last segments of the body, are the main characters allowing for larval identification of both species. Some preliminary field and laboratory observations on the behaviour and life cycle of the two species are also provided.
Efeitos do Ácido L-Glutâmico e da Vitamina D3 nos Fêmures e Tibiotarsos de Pintos de Corte

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of three levels (5, 10 and 15%) of L-Glutamic Acid (L-Glu) and four levels (0, 5000, 10,000 and 15,000 IU/kg of diet) of vitamin D3 (VD) on bone parameters of 14 days male broilers, Hubbard. They were fed purified amino acid diets and reared in electrically heated batteries. The experimental design was a factorial 3 x 4 with four replicates with seven chicks each. The length of bones increased up to an estimated level of 9.51% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD for femur bone (37.61 mm) and 9.99% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD for tibiotarsus (50.36 mm). The femur (3.62 mm) and tibiotarsus (3.17 mm) diameters increased up, respectively, an estimated level of 10.49% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD and 11.04% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. The maximum breaking strength for femur (52.47 kgf/mm) and tibiotarsus (43.35 kgf/mm) was obtained with 8,978 IU and 12,591 IU, respectively. No significant effects were observed on femur collagenous proteins contents (23.44 mg/100 g). On the other side, the smallest contents of non-collagenous proteins (NCP) were observed with 9.32% and 9.73% of L-Glu on femur (2.5 mg/100 g) and tibiotarsus (2.15 mg/100 g), respectively. The highest contents of total protein in femur and tibiotarsus were, respectively, 30.04 mg/100 g and 30.03 mg/100 g. Chicks fed 10% L-Glu and 15,000 IU VD had good development of bones, better performance, lower NCP contents and a lower incidence of leg problems.
GENERAL GREEN LEAF VOLATILES IN THE OLFACTORY ORIENTATION OF THE COLORADO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA

The odour of fully grown potato plants elicits a positive anemotactic response in Colorado beetles, but none of the individual component volatiles alone is attractive. Certain component chemicals or isomers of them disrupt orientation to the host plant, probably by changing the relative proportion of the odour components. These general green leaf volatiles probably occur as important constituants of leaf odours attractive to various phytophagous insects. Such a complex represents “green odour” and confers different modalities on the leaf odours of diverse plant species.
The Prevalence and associated Factors for Liver Metastases, Development and Prognosis in newly diagnosed Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A large Population-Based Study from the SEER Database

Background: Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC), a malignant gynecologic disease, is considered one of the leading causes of mortality in women. The development of Liver Metastases (LM) in women with primary ovarian cancer commonly results in a poorer prognosis. This retrospective population-based study aims to measure the prevalence, prognostic factors, and associated risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer patients with liver metastases (EOCLM). Materials and Methods: The current study cohort of patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database identified with primary ovarian cancer between the years 2010 and 2016. A chi-square test was employed to compare Metastatic differences among demographic and clinical factors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis models were used to predict related prognostic factors for LM development. 7-year Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to compare the survival patterns of patients with and without LM. The Multivariable Cox regression model was used to estimate potential risk factors associated with LM related deaths. Results: 33895 eligible primary EOC patients were identified. Among them 2635 (7.77%) patients were initially diagnosed with de novo LM, and 31260 (92.23%) without metastases disease to any site. Non-serous histology type; Malignant Brenner Carcinoma, NOS (OR 1.94; CI: 1.39-2.71; P<0.001), T3/T1 stage (OR 5.65; CI: 3.87-8.24; P<0.001), N1/N0 stage (OR 1.67; CI: 1.43-4.95; P<0.001), grade; G3/G1 (OR 2.16; CI: 1.29-3.59, P<0.001), and cancer antigen-125; Elevated/Normal (OR 1.79; CI: 1.19-2.69, P<0.001) were significantly associated with LM occurrence. The median survival of EOC patients with LM was 12.0 (95% CI: 11.0-14.0; P<0.001) months. Multivariable cox regression showed being unmarried (HR 1.16; CI: 1.04-1.30; P=0.001), non-serous histology types, Mucinous (HR 2.38; CI: 1.82-3.12; P<0.001), Clear cell (HR 1.83; CI: 1.32-2.55; P<0.001), Malignant Brenner Carcinoma, NOS (HR 1.44; CI:1.23-1.66; P<0.001), Carcinosarcoma NOS, (HR 1.44; CI: 1.11-1.88; P<0.001) and radiotherapy (HR 1.52; CI: 1.12-2.06; P<0.001), were positively related to death. Chemotherapy (HR 0.30; CI: 1.12-2.06; P<0.001) and surgery (HR 0.34; CI: 0.29-0.39; P<0.001) were related with reduced rate of death. Conclusion: The retrospective cohort study showed that women with primary EOC had some high-risk factors associated with LM. LM can intensely decrease the survival of EOC patients. The findings of our research provided estimates for LM occurrence prediction and potential prognostic factors of EOC with de novo LM development. These findings can be useful for follow-up strategies, guidelines for screening, and treatment of EOCLM.
Discrimination of four Japanese Tetranychus species (Acari: Tetranychidae) using PCR-RFLP of the inter-transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA

To establish diagnostic DNA markers useful for discriminating economically important Tetranychus species, especially T. kanzawai, from other species of the urticae complex, we sequenced the ribosomal ITS region, including ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2, of four Tetranychus species and analyzed recognition sites of restriction endonucleases. We established genetic criteria for discriminating T. kanzawai, T. urticae, T. pueraricola and T. ludeni using PCR-RFLP. We propose the establishment of a worldwide PCR-RFLP catalogue.
Phylogeny of Peyerimhoffia Kieffer, with the revision of the species (Diptera: Sciaridae)

The genus Peyerimhoffia Kieffer (type-species Sciara vagabunda Winnertz), currently classified as a subgenus of Cratyna Winnertz (type-species Cratyna atra Winnertz) is redefined and its phylogeny studied by parsimony analysis. Cladistic analysis using sixty-four morphological characters from adult males of sixty-six ingroup and one outgroup species produced thirty most parsimonious cladograms. The strict consensus cladogram of these showed unambiguously that the type-species of Peyerimhoffia and the species currently referred to the Corynoptera crassistylata group form a monophyletic unit. The phylogenetic hypothesis obtained also suggested that Cratyna s.l. in its current concept is non-monophyletic and that Peyerimhoffia deserves generic status. The genus is Holarctic-Oriental in distribution and includes the following species, which are keyed and described or diagnosed: Peyerimhoffia alpina (Mohrig) (Austrian Alps, Italy, Spain, Canada: Quebec), P. calva sp.n. (Nepal), P. collina sp.n. (Russia: Altay region), P. crassistylata (Frey) (central and northern Europe, Altay region, Kurile Islands), P. curvata (Mohrig & Mamaev) (Russia: Tuva region), P. infera sp.n. (northern Europe), P. ioculatoria (Mohrig) (Nepal), P. menzeli sp.n. (northern Europe), P. obtusicauda (Strobl) (southern Europe), P. semicurvata (Mohrig) (Nepal, Burma), P. subcurvata (Mohrig) (Nepal), P. thula sp.n. (northern Europe), P. ultima sp.n. (Nepal), and P. vagabunda (Winnertz) (Europe, eastern Palaearctic). Plastosciara perniciosa Edwards, Hyperlasion curtipennis Edwards, and Plastosciara hybrida Mohrig & Mamaev are excluded, the former appearing more closely related to Epidapus Haliday, the latter two to Spathobdella Frey.
Predation of waders and gulls on Lanice conchilega tidal flats in the Wadden Sea

Evaluation of the importance of different benthos communities as feeding sites for waders and waterfowl is not only fundamental for understanding feeding ecology, it also enables the prediction of the effects of habitat loss. However, detailed analyses of the importance of different benthos communities for waterbirds are scarce, particularly for the German Wadden Sea. In the early 1990s, backbarrier tidal flats of the East Frisian Wadden Sea were dominated by Lanice conchilega. To estimate the relevance of those flats for waterbirds during autumn migration 1994, number, distribution and food consumption of the 7 most abundant bird species on these flats (oystercatcher, curlew, dunlin, redshank, common gull, black-headed gull, herring gull) were investigated on 2 different types of L. conchilega dominated flats (Lanice flat, Undulating flat). Spring tide counts throughout 1994 showed maximum bird numbers during spring (maximum: 56000 birds) and autumn migration (maximum 111 000 birds). Of the 7 species examined, 4 species (oystercatcher, curlew, redshank, common gull) used both flat types in higher densities than expected. Whereas common gulls preferred the Undulating flats, oystercatchers preferred the Lanice flats. The overall number of macrozoobenthos organisms varied between 3360 and 5520 m -2 on the Undulating flat, and between 8520 and 15100 m -2 on the Lanice flat. Correspondingly, the estimated biomass ranged from 67.6 to 142.3 g AFDW m -2 and 128.4 to 337.2 g AFDW m -2 (AFDW: ash free dry weight), respectively. Therefore, biomass was higher than in most other Wadden Sea areas. The most abundant species were Heteromastus filiformis, L. conchilega, Macoma balthica and Mytilus edulis. The overall consumption of the 7 bird species studied (70% of all waterbirds present) decreased from 16.6 g AFDW m -2 in August to 12.3 g AFDW m -2 in October. Assuming a similar consumption for the remaining 30% of the birds, overall consumption would have ranged between 17.6 and 23.7 g AFDW m -2 . Due to the high biomass of the standing stock, relative consumption (5.2 to 13.7 %) was similar to other regions of the Wadden Sea. Only 3 species (oystercatcher, curlew, common gull) consumed between 78 and 93% of the overall consumption of the 7 species examined. Whereas waders mainly foraged on the accompanying fauna of the L. conchilega community, the bulk of the diet of gulls was L. conchilega itself. In general, food supply on L. conchilega dominated flats can be judged as favourable. However, the possibility that food consumption could have been a limiting factor, at least for some species (e.g. oystercatcher), cannot be ruled out.
The development of the fungal sheath on Cistus incanus short roots

Sheath development of mycorrhizae of Cistus incanus L. ssp. incanus + Tuber melanosporum Vitt. synthesized under gnotobiotic conditions was studied by anatomical and ultrastructural techniques. Root systems examined at different times after inoculation exhibited short lateral roots which could be categorized as follows: (i) uninfected; (ii) with hyphae in the dead outer root cap cells; (iii) with developed sheaths. In the last case the inner hyphae of the sheath penetrated through remains of dead root cap cells which were trapped in the inner sheath. Remains of root cells were also found in the outer sheath. Growth of hyphae into the dead layers of the root cap leads to formation and development of the sheath.
Government Perception of Parepare Cities Towards Acceptance of Regional Financial Management Information System (SIPKD)

Government and public sector organizations are expected to provide transparency and accountability of financial management to the public. This study aims to analyze user acceptance Fiscal Management Information System (SIPKD) in the city of Pare-pare. The survey method was used with questionnaires completed by 84 respondents and data users is analysis with AMOS. The results of this study indicate that: (1) perception of significant complexity to the perception of usefulness, but no significant effect on the use of technology; (2) perception of volunteerism affect significant to perceived ease, but no significant effect to use of technology; (3) perceptions of the usefulness and effect to use of technology; (4) perceived ease no significant effect on the use of technology; (5) experience as moderating variables significantly influence the perception of the usefulness in relationship to use of technology and significant relationship between perceived ease to use of technology with experience as moderating variable.
Volatility Linkages between Energy and Wine Prices in South Africa

Although a large number of studies have examined the price spillover in global oil and agricultural commodity markets, very little is known about the volatility of transmission between energy and wine prices in South Africa. The South African wine industry practices a form of industrialised agriculture that relies heavily on energy inputs to not only grow grapes but also process and distribute wine to different locations. This study investigates price and volatility risk originating from the linkages between energy and wine prices in South Africa and identifies their dynamics over time. We employ an econometric approach to quantify the volatility and correlation risk structure, which has a large impact on investment and hedging strategies of market participants and policy makers. The short-run and long-run volatility linkages are analysed using a constant conditional multivariate GARCH model. The empirical findings indicate significant and positive effects on wine prices due to the volatility of energy prices. The findings also confirm a clear correlation between wine and fuel prices, implying that the two markets are positively dependent to the extent that a change in fuel price influences wine price. This suggests that policy makers should establish appropriate hedging facilities to mitigate the risks associated with energy price volatility as it affects wine price.
Indoxyl sulfate induces intestinal barrier injury through IRF1-DRP1 axis-mediated mitophagy impairment

Rationale: The dysfunctional gut-kidney axis forms a vicious circle, which eventually becomes a catalyst for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and occurrence of related complications. However, the pathogenic factors of CKD-associated intestinal dysfunction and its mechanism remain elusive. Methods: We first identified the protein-bound uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) as a possible contributor to intestinal barrier injury. Transepithelial electrical resistance, permeability assay and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to evaluate the damaging effect of IS on intestinal barrier in intestinal epithelial cells, IS-injected mice and CKD mice. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the role of IS in intestinal barrier injury and the underlying mechanism. Finally, CKD mice treated with AST-120 (an oral adsorbent for IS) and gene knockout mice were used to verify the mechanism and to explore possible interventions for IS-induced intestinal barrier injury. Results: Transepithelial electrical resistance and the expressions of tight junction-related genes were significantly suppressed by IS in intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IS inhibited the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and mitophagic flux, whereas DRP1 overexpression attenuated IS-induced mitophagic inhibition and intestinal epithelial cell damage. Furthermore, IS suppressed DRP1 by upregulating the expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), and IRF1 could directly bind to the promoter region of DRP1. Additionally, the decreased expression of DRP1 and autophagosome-encapsulated mitochondria were observed in the intestinal tissues of CKD patients. Administration of AST-120 or genetic knockout of IRF1 attenuated IS-induced DRP1 reduction, mitophagic impairment and intestinal barrier injury in mice. Conclusions: These findings suggest that reducing IS accumulation or targeting the IRF1-DRP1 axis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating CKD-associated intestinal dysfunction.