Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major element mobility during serpentinization, oxidation and weathering of mantle peridotite at low temperatures

Mantle peridotite in Wadi Fins in eastern Oman exhibits three concentric alteration zones with oxide and sulfide mineralogy recording gradients in fO2 and fS2 (fugacity) of more than 20 orders of magnitude over 15–20 cm. The black cores of samples (approx. 5 cm in diameter) exhibit incomplete, nearly isochemical serpentinization, with relict primary mantle minerals (olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene) along with sulfide assemblages (pentlandite/heazlewoodite/bornite) recording low fO2 and moderate fS2. In addition to the black cores, two alteration zones are evident from their colouration in outcrop and hand samples: green and red. These zones exhibit non-isochemical alteration characterized by intergrowths of stevensite/lizardite. All three reaction zones are cut by calcite ± serpentine veins, which are most abundant in the outer, red zones, sometimes are flanked by narrow red and/or green zones where they cut the black zones, and thus may be approximately coeval with all three alteration zones. The alteration zones record progressively higher fO2 recorded by Ni-rich sulfides and iron oxides/hydroxides. These alteration zones lost 20–30% of their initial magnesium content, together with mobilization of iron over short distances from inner green zones into outer red zones, where iron is reprecipitated in goethite intermixed with silicates due to higher fO2. Thermodynamic modelling at 60°C and 50 MPa (estimated alteration conditions) reproduces sulfide assemblages, fO2 changes and Mg and Fe mobility. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Serpentinite in the Earth system’.
Habitability of the marine serpentinite subsurface: a case study of the Lost City hydrothermal field

The Lost City hydrothermal field is a dramatic example of the biological potential of serpentinization. Microbial life is prevalent throughout the Lost City chimneys, powered by the hydrogen gas and organic molecules produced by serpentinization and its associated geochemical reactions. Microbial life in the serpentinite subsurface below the Lost City chimneys, however, is unlikely to be as dense or active. The marine serpentinite subsurface poses serious challenges for microbial activity, including low porosities, the combination of stressors of elevated temperature, high pH and a lack of bioavailable ∑CO2. A better understanding of the biological opportunities and challenges in serpentinizing systems would provide important insights into the total habitable volume of Earth's crust and for the potential of the origin and persistence of life in Earth's subsurface environments. Furthermore, the limitations to life in serpentinizing subsurface environments on Earth have significant implications for the habitability of subsurface environments on ocean worlds such as Europa and Enceladus. Here, we review the requirements and limitations of life in serpentinizing systems, informed by our research at the Lost City and the underwater mountain on which it resides, the Atlantis Massif. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Serpentinite in the Earth System’.
Bioenergetic constraints on the origin of autotrophic metabolism

Autotrophs form the base of all complex food webs and seemingly have done so since early in Earth history. Phylogenetic evidence suggests that early autotrophs were anaerobic, used CO2 as both an oxidant and carbon source, were dependent on H2 as an electron donor, and used iron-sulfur proteins (termed ferredoxins) as a primary electron carrier. However, the reduction potential of H2 is not typically low enough to efficiently reduce ferredoxin. Instead, in modern strictly anaerobic and H2-dependent autotrophs, ferredoxin reduction is accomplished using one of several recently evolved enzymatic mechanisms, including electron bifurcating and coupled ion translocating mechanisms. These observations raise the intriguing question of why anaerobic autotrophs adopted ferredoxins as central electron carriers only to have to evolve complex machinery to reduce them. Here, we report calculated reduction potentials for H2 as a function of observed environmental H2 concentration, pH and temperature. Results suggest that a combination of alkaline pH and high H2 concentration yield H2 reduction potentials low enough to efficiently reduce ferredoxins. Hyperalkaline, H2 rich environments have existed in discrete locations throughout Earth history where ultramafic minerals are undergoing hydration through the process of serpentinization. These results suggest that serpentinizing systems, which would have been common on early Earth, naturally produced conditions conducive to the emergence of H2-dependent autotrophic life. The primitive process of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is used to examine potential changes in methanogenesis and Fd reduction pathways as these organisms diversified away from serpentinizing environments. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Serpentinite in the earth system’.
It is not just a 'trade-off' - indications for sink- and source-limitation to vegetative and regenerative growth in an old-growth beech forest.

Controls on tree growth are key issues in plant physiology. The hypothesis of our study was that the interannual variability of wood and fruit production are primarily controlled directly by weather conditions (sink limitation), while carbon assimilation (source limitation) plays a secondary role. We analyzed the interannual variability of weather conditions, gross primary productivity (GPP), and net primary productivity (NPP) of wood and fruits of an old-growth, unmanaged Fagus sylvatica L. forest over 14 years, including six mast years. In a multiple linear regression model about 71% of the annual variation in wood-NPP could be explained by mean air temperature in May, precipitation from April to May (positive influence), and fruit-NPP (negative influence). GPP of June to July solely explained about 42% of the variation in wood-NPP. Fruit-NPP was positively related to summer precipitation two years before the fruit year (R2 = 0.85), and negatively to precipitation in May (R2 = 0.83) in the fruit years. GPP had no influence on fruit-NPP. Our results suggest a complex system of sink and source limitations to tree growth driven by weather conditions and going beyond a simple carbon-mediated 'trade-off' between regenerative and vegetative growth.
Outcomes of Liver Transplant for Adults With Wilson’s Disease

Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare genetic disorder with protean manifestations. Even if liver transplantation (LT) could represent an effective therapeutic option for patients with end‐stage liver disease, it has remained controversial in the presence of neuropsychiatric involvement. This study aimed to examine the frequency of adult LT for WD in Italy, focusing on the disease phenotype at the time of LT. A retrospective, observational, multicenter study was conducted across Italy exploring the frequency and characteristics of adults transplanted for WD between 2006 and 2016. A total of 29 adult WD patients underwent LT during the study period at 11 Italian LT centers (accounting for 0.4% of all LTs performed), and 27 of them were considered in this analysis (male/female, n = 9/18; age at LT, 29 years [19‐60 years]; median Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score at LT, 27 [6‐49]). Isolated hepatic phenotype was the indication for LT in 17 (63%) patients, whereas 2 (7%) patients underwent LT for neurological impairment on compensated liver disease. Overall 1‐ and 5‐year patient survival was excellent (88% and 83%, respectively). Neuropsychiatric symptoms early after LT completely recovered in only a few patients. In conclusion, WD remains an uncommon, unusual indication for LT in Italy, displaying good post‐LT graft and patient survival. Because isolated neuropsychiatric involvement represents a rare indication to LT, more data are needed to properly assess the value of LT for WD in this subset of patients.
The intended and unintended effects of the Volcker Rule

This paper examines the effect of banning proprietary trading by banks (the Volcker Rule) on financial stability. We identify three channels through which the Volcker Rule impacts banklevel and systemic risks: revenue diversification, bank similarity, and proprietary trading activity. We find that while the reduction in proprietary trading lowers the directly targeted banks’ systemic risk, an unintended consequence is that greater similarity between banks increases the risk that they default at the same time and thus raises the probability of a systemic default. Banks that were not engaged in proprietary trading are also affected by the Volcker Rule through this
An Imaginative Approach to Teaching Grammar

The purpose of this study was to test a new teaching pedagogy that may provide EFL 10 grade students in Jordan with more opportunities to learn grammar away from traditional communicative tasks. Thus imaginative approach strategies leading to a master’s degree were assumed as effective in promoting students' achievement in grammar. A teaching-material based on Action Pack 10, a pre-post multiple choice grammar test and an observation checklist for recording students' progress were constructed. Two tenth grade sections with 30 students at each took part in the study. One group was assigned randomly as an experimental group and the other as a control one. The study reported the effectiveness of the imaginative approach on students’ achievement in grammar at the significance level where α ≤ 0.05 in favor of the experimental group. The study, also, reported an increase of awareness as a result of using the imaginative approach.
Uncertainty Shocks in Emerging Economies: A Global to Local Approach for Identification

The paper investigates the effects of uncertainty shocks in emerging economies (EMEs). We construct a global uncertainty indicator as well as country uncertainty measures for fifteen relatively small emerging economies. We adopt an instrumental variable approach to identify exogenous uncertainty shocks in the EMEs. To deal with the data limitations specific to emerging countries, we develop a new Bayesian algorithm to estimate a proxy panel structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model. We find that uncertainty shocks in EMEs cause severe falls in GDP and stock price indexes, generate inflation, depreciate the currency and are not followed by a subsequent overshoot in activity. Estimation implies considerable heterogeneity across economies in the response to uncertainty shocks which can be (in part) explained by country characteristics.
Two Stage Acid Hydrolysis of Corn Stalks for Production of Reducing Sugars

Acid hydrolysis of corn stalks offers enormous opportunities to convert abundant agricultural residues to valuable chemicals. This paper investigates the effect of using dilute acids to produce reducing sugars. 5% w/v corn stalk was hydrolyzed with Acetic acid, HCl and H2S04 at different concentrations of 1% v/v to 2.5% v/v. Results show that maximum percentage reducing sugar of 36.11% was obtained for 1.5% v/v sulfuric acid while maximum reducing sugar of 32.23% and 23.32% were obtained for 1.5% v/v HCl and 2% v/v acetic acid respectively. A second stage acid hydrolysis that involves the re-suspension of residues after an initial hydrolysis with another acid was also studied by combining different acids. A Sulfuric acid-sulfuric acid double step hydrolysis gave a maximum reducing sugar of 49% while other combinations of acids led to increased sugar yields of 40% and above.
Detection Of Wuchereria Bancrofti And Onchocerca Volvulus Antigens Using Igg4 Antibodies Among Residents Of Bakassi Local Government Area Of Cross River State, Nigeria

Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis have remained a public health problem, despite several efforts over the years to eliminate them. The prevalence of human lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis was determined amongst 400 residents of Ekpri-Ikang,Ikang and Ebot-20 community of Bakassi Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. The subjects were 140 males and 260 females within the age range of 18-50 years and above who were involved in various occupations including farming, fishingand trading. Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis infections were diagnosed by the detection of Wb123 and Ov16 antigens using IgG4 antibodies in the SD biolinefilariasis and Onchocerciasis kit. Knott”s concentration technique and Skin snip test were also performed using blood and skin biopsies respectively. A total of 64(16%) and 20(5%) of the study subjects harboured antigen of W. bancrofti and O. volvulus respectively. In Ikang community ,the prevalence rate of W . bancroftiwas 12(5.7%). In terms of gender 28(20%) male and 36(13.9%) female subjects were positive for W. bancrofti whereas 8(5,7%)male 12(4,6%)female subjects were positive for onchocerca vulvolus respectively. For both infections although the male subjects were more infected than the female counterparts, the difference was not statiscally significant (X 2 = 0.96 and 0.93; P>0.05). The highest infection rate of 16(14.8%) and 12(13.6%) for W. bancrofti was observed in persons within the age range of 26-33 years and 34-41 years respectively. The highest infection of 12(11.1%) for O. volvulus was observed in persons within the age range of 26-33 years. However, there was no statistically significant differencein infection rate with to age-groups. Also there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of infection with respect to the people occupations (X 2 =0.96 and and 0.97; P>0.05) . However farmers fishermen were more infected i.e 28(23.3%) and 20(35.7%), and 8(6.7%) and 8(14.3%) for W. bancrofti and O. volvulus respectively. The study has revealed the presence of Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus antigens and circulating microfilariae in the blood of residents in Bakassi Local Government Area of Cross River state,Nigeria. It is hereby recommended that efforts should be intensified towards a complete eradication of these diseases in the study area. This can be achieved through massive distribution of ivermectin and albendazole to the local dwellers as well as health education on the mode of transmission of these diseases.
Spectroscopy study on the interaction of γ-cyclodextrin and its two derivatives with rocuronium and vecuronium

Objective To study the interaction of γ-cyclodextrin(γ-CD) and its two derivatives with rocuronium and vecuronium.Methods The interactions of γ-CD and its two derivatives HS-7,Sugammadex with rocuronium and vecuronium were characterized by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry(ITC),and the thermodynamic constant and the binding constant was determined.The binding constant and inclusion ratio of γ-CD with rocuronium and vecuronium was observed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry; the binding ability of three cyclodextrins with rocuronium and vecuronium was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy COSY and1 HNMR.Results The results of ITC showed that HS-7,Sugammadex combined with rocuronium and vecuronium in a 1∶ 1 molar ratio,and γ-CDs combined with rocuronium in a 2∶ 1 molar ratio,with the binding constant of HS-7 and rocuronium being(3.44 ± 2.18) × 107 L / mol,HS-7 and vecuronium being(5.80 ± 1.83) × 106 L / mol,Sugammadex and rocuronium being(1.04 ± 0.34) ×107L / mol,Sugammadex and vecuronium being(2.53 ± 1.07) × 106 L / mol,and γ-CD and rocuronium being(2.84 ± 3.41) × 104 L /mol.The results of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry revealed that γ-CDs combined with rocuronium and vecuronium in a 2∶ 1 molar ratio,with the binding constant of γ-CD and rocuronium being 6.93 × 104 L / mol,and of γ-CD and vecuronium being 5.17 × 104 L /mol.The results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested that the binding ability of HS-7 with rocuronium and vecuronium was stronger than that of Sugammadex and γ-CD.Conclusion The binding ability of HS-7 with rocuronium and vecuronium is stronger than that of Sugammadex and γ-CD,and the three methods used in this study(ITC,ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) can characterize the inclusion complex from different perspectives.
OTT_A_226850 11651..11665

Wenkan Zhang* Zhong Lei* Jiahong Meng* Guoqi Li Yuxiang Zhang Jiaming He Weiqi Yan 1Department of Orthopedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China
Application Research of New Cementitious Composite Materials in Saline Soil Subgrade Aseismic Strengthening

Saline soil affected by earthquakes and groundwater can lead to subgrade subsidence and collapse in highway construction. Consequently, considering the potential activity of the waste slag and magnesia, new cementitious composite materials used in solid saline soil were developed in our study. The unconfined compressive strengths of the saline soil solidified by the new cementitious composite materials with a combination of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, gypsum, and mineral powder and cement were investigated, and the optimum dosage proportion of the new cementitious composite material for solidifying saline soil was determined; then the SEM, EDS, and XRD of the saline soil solidified by the new cementitious composite materials and cement were analysed. The research result showed that the saline soil solidified by our newly developed cementitious composite material showed compact internal structure and uniformly distributed soil particles; moreover, the new cementitious composite material exhibited a favourable solidifying effect on harmful ions in saline soil, and the Cl− trapping capacity of the new cementitious composite materials was stronger than that of cement. Finally, our developed cementitious composite material was applied to saline soil subgrade strengthening, and the displacement, acceleration, excess pore water pressure, and damage degree of the subgrade strengthening by our newly developed cementitious composite materials decreased remarkably; therefore, our newly developed cementitious composite material can improve the seismic behaviour of the saline soil subgrade and show potential future engineering application value.
SEX AND GENDER ISSUES IN BEHAVIORAL HEALTH (CN EPPERSON AND L HANTSOO, SECTION

Purpose of Review Insomnia is approximately 1.5 times more common in women than in men. To date, research has advanced our knowledge about why women report significantly more sleep problems than men despite not being reflected in objective sleep measures. Precisely understanding the symptomatology and pathological mechanisms underlying sex differences is important for prevention and providing appropriate interventions. Recent Findings Sex differences found in insomnia goes beyond simple explanations and have been proven to be a complicated interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that play different roles throughout the life span. Summary This paper will review sex differences in insomnia based on risk factors, mechanisms, and consequences, as well as treatment response. In addition, we will also discuss treatment recommendations when working with female populations at different stages in the life span that may bemore vulnerable to insomnia. Future studies utilizing prospective, longitudinal designs are needed to understand the interactions of various factors that can explain existing sex differences in insomnia.
Role of protease activated receptor-1 in thrombin preconditioning against thrombin-induced brain injury in mice

While high doses of thrombin can cause brain injury, pretreatment with a low dose of thrombin (thrombin preconditioning, TPC) protects neurons and astrocytes in culture from hypoglycemic and ischemic cell death in vitro and attenuates ischemic brain injury in vivo. This study investigated the role of protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a thrombin receptor, in TPC. Wild type (WT) or PAR-1 knock-out (KO) female mice brains were respectively preconditioned with 0.1 U thrombin or saline by direct injection into the right basal ganglia. Seventy-two hours later, mice received a second injection of a large injurious dose (0.5 U) of thrombin. Brain water and sodium content, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal death, DNA injury, and behavioral deficits were evaluated on day 1. A subgroup of mice was euthanized 72 hours after TPC to examine the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 25, HSP 32 and ceruloplasmin by Western blotting. This study found that TPC markedly attenuated brain edema (water content (%): 79.25 ± 0.51 in the WT TPC group vs. 80.30 ± 0 . 18 in the WT saline group, n = 6 each group, p < 0.01), bloodbrain barrier disruption, neuronal death, DNA injury, and behavioral deficits (corner turn test scores (%): 47 ± 18 in the WT TPC group, n = 7 vs. 85 ± 24 in the WT saline group, n = 6, p < 0.01) that followed injection of a large dose of thrombin in WT mice without TPC. This effect of TPC was absent in PAR-1 KO mice. In addition, TPC upregulated brain HSP25, HSP32, and ceruloplasmin in WT mice but not PAR-1 KO mice (p < 0.01). In conclusion, PAR-1 plays a crucial role in the protective effects of TPC in female mice possibly via upregulation of heat shock proteins and ceruloplasmin.
Matched case-control study on factors for main cancer in a low incidence area of Jiangsu province

OBJECTIVE:To explore the risk and protective factors of cancer in a low cancer incidence area of Jiangsu Province.METHODS:A population based 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted in Ganyu County,one of the low cancer incidence areas in Jiangsu.Conditional Logistic regression method was used to identify associated risk and protective factors.RESULTS:As for esophageal and stomach cancer,the common risk factors were the habits of eating fast,eating hot food and the cancer family history.The early time(OR=3.63),long-term(OR=4.13) and deep(OR=0.60) smoking significantly increased the risks of developing lung cancer.To esophageal(OR=0.73),stomach(OR=0.37),lung(OR=0.60) and liver(OR=0.27)cancer,drinking green tea was the common protective factor,and eating uncooked garlic was definite protective factor from one developing esophageal(OR=0.68) and stomach(OR=0.64)cancer.CONCLUSION:Advocating no-smoking and low-drinking among the crowds is most effective to prevent one from upper digestive tumor and lung cancer.
Proteus mirabilis Breast Abscess: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

AbstractBreast abscess formation with Proteus mirabilis is uncommon. We report a case of breast abscess with P. mirabilis in an immunocompromised woman with recurrent breast abscesses. Over a nearly 2-decade period, P. mirabilis accounted for 4% of breast abscesses in the literature. This infection is more common in diabetic patients who also have an increased risk of abscess recurrence.