Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY : THE BRIGHT X-RAY BINARIES HER X-1 (HDE 226868).

Complete ultraviolet light curves for HZ Her immediately after a well-defined X-ray turn-on in 1975 are obtained. The features of the curve are found to correspond well with features seen in the optical. The absolute level of emission at maximum light at 1550 A is in good agreement with the calculations of the X-ray reflection effect of Milgrom and Salpeter (1975). It is found that at 1550 A approximately 20% of the light at maximum comes from the accretion disk. Similar observations of Cyg X-1 make it possible to determine the degree of reddening, equivalent to E(B-V) = 0.95 + or - 0.07, from the strength of the 2200 A interstellar absorption feature. The distance inferred from this amount of reddening requires that the optical star be luminous and, therefore, massive. Observations obtained during the May 1975 X-ray transition show ultraviolet excess when compared with the data obtained six months later.
Ultrahigh Step-Up DC–DC Converter Based on Two Boosting Stages With Low Voltage Stress on Its Switches

This article proposes an ultrahigh step-up dc–dc converter composed of two boosting stages, a coupled inductor, and switched capacitors. Advance features of the converter consist of its high voltage gain, low voltage stress on its switches, continuity of its input current, and existence of a common ground between the source and load. In addition, it needs an inductor and a coupled inductor with smaller sizes in comparison to the compared references which lead to its performance with higher efficiency. Among the compared converters, the proposed converter boosts voltage with higher voltage gain per different turns ratio of the coupled inductor. Analysis of the converter has been performed for its main switching states to validate its quality and quantity factors. A prototype is built in order to experiment its performance per different conditions and evaluate the analysis. The experiments are rated for input voltage, output voltage, and output power equal to 25 V, 400 V, and 150 W, respectively.
Effect of gypsum and potassium on corn yield and on the exchangeable bases of an acid soil in La Frailesca, Chiapas

Objective: To evaluate the residual effect of gypsum in corn crops (2 years after its application in a previously limed soil), as well as the result of a new addition of gypsum combined with potassium in La Frailesca, Chiapas, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: We used a composite factorial design. The initial arrangement (2017) consisted of four levels of gypsum (0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 t ha-1) and four levels of potassium (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg K2O ha-1). In 2019, the gypsum-treated plots were divided in half: the same amount of gypsum applied in 2017 was added to the first half and the other half was used to assess the residual effect of the initial treatment. The potassium doses were the same as the original. Corn grain yield, pH, exchangeable bases, and aluminum saturation percentage were measured at 0 to 7 and 7 to 14 cm below ground level. Results: The greatest effect on yield was obtained with 2.5 t ha-1 of gypsum applied in 2017; no significant increases were recorded with higher gypsum doses. The exchangeable calcium content and pH level increased, while magnesium, potassium, and aluminum in the soil decreased. Study Limitations/Implications: Suspected presence of Tar Spot Complex was diagnosed. Findings/Conclusions: An excessive application of gypsum generates an imbalance in exchangeable potassium and magnesium in the soil; therefore, producers must exercise caution in the use of these products as part of their fertilization plan.
Solar‐Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment 1: 2. Instrument calibrations

The science objective for the Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) is to accurately measure the full disk solar spectral irradiance in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region over a long time period. The SOLSTICE design was driven by the requirement for long-term, precise solar photometry conducted from space. The SOLSTICE 1 is on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), launched in September 1991 with the possibility for a 10-year operational mission. The in-flight calibration for SOLSTICE to meet its primary objective is the routine measurements of the UV radiation from a set of early-type stars, using the identical optical elements employed for the solar observations. The extensive preflight calibrations of the instrument have yielded a precise characterization of the three SOLSTICE channels. Details of the preflight and in-flight SOLSTICE calibrations are discussed in this paper.
A Literature Review of Similarities Between and Among Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been shown to be associated with various other conditions, and most commonly, ASD has been demonstrated to be linked to epilepsy. ASD and epilepsy have been observed to exhibit high rates of comorbidity, even when compared to the co-occurrence of other disorders with similar pathologies. At present, nearly one-half of the individuals diagnosed with ASD also have been diagnosed with comorbid epilepsy. Research suggests that both conditions likely share similarities in their underlying disease pathophysiology, possibly associated with disturbances in the central nervous system (CNS), and may be linked to an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the brain. Meanwhile, it remains unclear whether one condition is the consequence of the other, as the pathologies of both disorders are commonly linked to many different underlying signal transduction mechanisms. In this review, we aim to investigate the co-occurrence of ASD and epilepsy, with the intent of gaining insights into the similarities in pathophysiology that both conditions present with. Elucidating the underlying disease pathophysiology as a result of both disorders could lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of disease activity that drives co-occurrence, as well as provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of each condition individually.
Designing a Characteristics Effectiveness Model for Internal Audit

Identifying factors/latent constructs deemed to influence internal audit effectiveness (IAE), through identifying variables used as measures of effectiveness and hypothesising which variables have a statistically significant relationship with IAE was the primary objective. Secondary objectives involved exploring the perceptions and viewpoints of internal auditing and providing general recommendations. To achieve the above objectives, questionnaires were remitted to internal auditors (IA) in various countries, receiving 402 final valid responses. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out to identify new latent variables/constructs, with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in structural equation modelling (SEM) utilised to confirm these factors. The EFA process identified 7 latent factors, with 5 being confirmed through SEM. These factors, confirmed the positive influence of 8/16 hypotheses with 3/16 having partial confirmation, 4/16 not achieving any statistically significant evidence and 1/16 having negative influence. Risk Management, IA size, competency, management support, External Audit (EA) and Audit Committee (AC) cooperation, follow-up process, and control environment were all deemed to positively influence IA effectiveness. Independence, objectivity, and standard adherence achieved partial confirmation of their positive influence. Audit quality, Big Data, scope limitations and public/private organisations achieved no statistically significant results on their influence, while outsourcing was deemed to negatively influence effectiveness.
The Luminosity function and stellar evolution

The evolutionary significance of the observed luminosity function for main-sequence stars in the solar neighborhood is discussed. The hypothesis is made that stars move off the main sequence after burning about 10 per cent of their hydrogen mass and that stars have been created at a uniform rate in the solar neighborhood for the last five billion years. Using this hypothesis and the observed luminosity function, the rate of star creation as a function of stellar mass is calculated. The total number and mass of stars which have moved off the main sequence is found to be comparable with the total number of white dwarfs and with the total mass of all fainter main-sequence stars, respectively.
A Framework for Analyzing and Improving ISP Compliance

ABSTRACT Even though abundant research has been done on the factors that may impact employee information security policy (ISP) compliance intention, the results are mixed. To more fully capture the dimensions which may influence employee ISP compliance, this paper introduces a framework that is based on the synthesis of the theories of motivation and behavior. The framework was tested with survey data. Key findings of the study are 1) employee ISP compliance intention is influenced by factors involving four distinct dimensions of action: awareness, motivation, capability, and organizational culture; and 2) The factors from the capability and organizational culture dimension may significantly moderate the strength of the relationship between motivation and ISP compliance intention. The implications of the study regarding the theoretical and practical contributions of this study are discussed.
A fluid floating bilayer

A highly hydrated lipid bilayer, floating a few A above another one adsorbed on a smooth solid substrate, was prepared at room temperature where lipids (DSPC) are in gel phase, then heated at several temperatures including the pretransitional temperature Tp and the chain melting temperature Tm. A precise in situ characterization by neutron reflectivity led to two new results. First, even when in fluid phase the floating bilayer was structured and stable; it thus provides a flexible model system for physical and biophysical studies of membranes. Second, at intermediate temperatures, a spectacular maximum in both inter-bilayer distance and bilayer roughness was simultaneously observed. It might be a direct observation of the balance between energy minimization and entropic repulsion, leading to an estimation of the dimensionless parameter (kBT)2/Aκ, where A is the Hamacker constant and κ the bending modulus.
Optimal-Consensus-Based Event-Triggered Control Strategy for Island AC Microgrids

This article proposed an optimal-consensus-based even t-triggered control strategy to coordinate multiple distributed generators (DGs) in an alternative current (ac) microgrid. The proposed control strategy integrated the average bus voltage recovery and the proportional reactive power sharing by turning the coordinated control problem into a convex optimization problem, which realized the bus voltage control and proportional reactive power sharing of the DGs in one controller so that the controller structure is significantly simplified. Accordingly, the controller provided an asynchronous event-triggered mechanism considering the finite availability of communication resources, which reduces communication burdens and avoids Zeno behaviors. The sufficient conditions are demonstrated using the Lyapunov function for maintaining the stability of the proposed control strategy. Several simulations are exhibited using the MATLAB/Simulink platform and the results are reviewed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for enhancing the ac microgrid robustness and reducing communication burdens.
Polymerization within Nanoporous Anodized Alumina Oxide Templates (AAO): A Critical Survey

In the last few years, the polymerization of monomers within the nanocavities of porous materials has been thoroughly studied and developed, allowing for the synthesis of polymers with tailored morphologies, chemical architectures and functionalities. This is thus a subject of paramount scientific and technological relevance, which, however, has not previously been analyzed from a general perspective. The present overview reports the state of the art on polymerization reactions in spatial confinement within porous materials, focusing on the use of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. It includes the description of the AAO templates used as nanoreactors. The polymerization reactions are categorized based on the polymerization mechanism. Amongst others, this includes electrochemical polymerization, free radical polymerization, step polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For each polymerization mechanism, a further subdivision is made based on the nature of the monomer used. Other aspects of “in situ” polymerization reactions in restricted AAO geometries include: conversion monitoring, kinetic studies, modeling and polymer characterization. In addition to the description of the polymerization process itself, the use of polymer materials derived from polymerization in AAO templates in nanotechnology applications, is also highlighted. Finally, the review is concluded with a general discussion outlining the challenges that remain in the field.
A survey of critical care pharmacists on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis dosing practices with enoxaparin in adult trauma patients

Enoxaparin is the preferred treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in trauma patients, but timing of initiation, optimal dosing, and therapeutic drug monitoring remain controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate enoxaparin VTE prophylaxis practices in adult trauma patients across trauma centers in the United States and compare results to current guideline recommendations. An online survey designed by the study investigators was sent to pharmacist members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Critical Care Practice Research Network (PRN) and residency directors of institutions with accredited Critical Care Pharmacy Residency programs in the fall of 2021. This survey queried pharmacists' self‐reported practices regarding enoxaparin dosing and monitoring in trauma patients. One hundred five responses were collected with an estimated response rate of 5.3%. Most respondents reported using a standard enoxaparin dose of 30 mg subcutaneously (SUBQ) every 12 h (67%; 70/104) in trauma patients with normal renal function and higher initial dosing for obese trauma patients (75%; 78/104). The most common body mass index (BMI) threshold for dose adjustments in obesity was a BMI ≥40 kg/m2; whereas 100 kg or more was commonly reported for a weight threshold. Multiple alternative enoxaparin dosing regimens were reported for obese and overweight patients. Of respondents who monitor anti‐Factor Xa (anti‐Xa) levels, 84% (61/73) reported monitoring peak levels with 47% (29/61) targeting a peak anti‐Xa goal of 0.2–0.4 units/ml. Seventy‐five percent (51/68) of respondents who adjust enoxaparin dosing based on anti‐Xa level monitoring reported adjusting doses by increments of 10 mg SUBQ every 12 h, and 41% (28/68) indicated having a pharmacist‐driven protocol for dose adjustments. Significant variation exists in enoxaparin dosing and monitoring strategies for VTE prophylaxis. Consensus among clinical practice guidelines is needed to standardize practice nationally.
Effect of Increasing the Number of Substitutions on Physical Performance during Periods of Congested Fixtures in Football

(I) This study aimed to evaluate the impact on physical demands induced by FIFA’s new rule implemented based on the number of substitutions caused by COVID-19. (II) Sixty-six matches were analysed in peak periods (microcycles of three matches in a week) in the competition period before and after the pandemic. The variables collected were organised by team (22 from LaLigaTM SmartBank 2019–2020) for a total of 132 team records and 1077 player performance reports using a multi-camera tracking system and Mediacoach® software. Physical performance variables were analysed in the first half, second half and whole match, thus determining the individual and collective performances of the team. (III) This study shows how, despite the increase in substitutions allowed with the new rule, physical performance increased in some variables in the congested periods (e.g., total distance run and distance run in the first and second halves). Additionally, the players’ physical performance involved in a substitution was greater than it was for players who completed the game. (IV) The new substitution rule helps to maintain and even improve physical performance. This measure could improve intensity levels in both individual and team performance. It could even safeguard the physical integrity of the players by reducing the risk of injury, as fewer players have to play the full match.
Using Features Extracted From Upper Limb Reaching Tasks to Detect Parkinson’s Disease by Means of Machine Learning Models

While in the literature there is much interest in investigating lower limbs gait of patients affected by neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD), fewer publications involving upper limbs movements are available. In previous studies, 24 motion signals (the so-called reaching tasks) of the upper limbs of PD patients and Healthy Controls (HCs) were used to extract several kinematic features through a custom-made software; conversely, the aim of our paper is to investigate the possibility to build models–using these features–for distinguishing PD patients from HCs. First, a binary logistic regression and, then, a Machine Learning (ML) analysis was performed by implementing five algorithms through the Knime Analytics Platform. The ML analysis was performed twice: first, a leave-one out-cross validation was applied; then, a wrapper feature selection method was implemented to identify the best subset of features that could maximize the accuracy. The binary logistic regression achieved an accuracy of 90.5%, demonstrating the importance of the maximum jerk during subjects upper limb motion; the Hosmer-Lemeshow test supported the validity of this model (p-value=0.408). The first ML analysis achieved high evaluation metrics by overcoming 95% of accuracy; the second ML analysis achieved a perfect classification with 100% of both accuracy and area under the curve receiver operating characteristics. The top-five features in terms of importance were the maximum acceleration, smoothness, duration, maximum jerk and kurtosis. The investigation carried out in our work has proved the predictive power of the features, extracted from the reaching tasks involving the upper limbs, to distinguish HCs and PD patients.
Applying Passive Air Sampling and Isotopic Characterization to Assess Spatial Variability of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Across Ontario, Canada

This study deployed 59 passive air samplers (PAS) across the province of Ontario, Canada (and eight additional deployments in bordering states of northern USA) to assess the influence of local/regional sources, temporal differences, and possible transformations in the atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) pool. The spatial mapping achieved with the PASs allowed for the observation of differences in GEM and its isotopic composition over the region. Concentrations of GEM were higher with more negative δ202Hg values near urban/industrial areas and suspected emission sources in southern Ontario. In northern Ontario, far from industrial influences, lower concentrations of GEM with isotopically more positive δ202Hg values were found at the boreal forest sites compared to sites within the Hudson Bay Lowlands. The differences in northern Ontario may be from greater uptake of GEM by the boreal forest removing isotopically light Hg and lowering concentrations. Lower GEM and a shift toward more positive δ202Hg were also observed during the summer relative to other times of year supporting vegetation uptake as an important sink for GEM. PASs were also deployed along a transect of increasing distance from a Hg recycling facility. The Hg emissions from the facility had unique positive Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg signatures, but GEM concentrations and isotopic compositions returned to background within 400 m of the facility. The province‐wide variations in atmospheric GEM and isotopic compositions show that both sources (e.g., urban/industrial emissions) and sinks (e.g., vegetation uptake) contribute to the spatial and temporal patterns of the residual atmosphere GEM pool.
A new approach to extended focus for high-speed high-resolution biological microscopy

Microscopic study of rapid biological processes often requires both high resolution and high acquisition speed. When the speed requirement precludes acquiring a full 3D focal series at each time point, it can be attractive to sacrifice all axial information and instead record a single, 2D image per time point. This can be done at very high frame rates. High-resolution objectives, however, have a very short depth of focus. There are several established methods to achieve extended depth of focus, including annular pupil masks; mechanical sweeping of the focus and wavefront coding, which uses a pupil-plane optical device to introduce geometric aberrations. We have developed a new pupil plane approach where the light is manipulated chromatically rather than geometrically. A phase mask with circularly symmetric stair steps divides the pupil plane into a series of annular zones. The stair steps are large compared to the coherence length of the observation light, so that images from different zones form independently and combine incoherently into a final image. Each zone carries only a fraction of the objective's axial resolution, but the larger zones still carry the full lateral resolution of the objective. The incoherent addition of the different single-zone images results in a smooth and circularly symmetric point spread function with a depth of focus that is extended by a factor approximately equal to the number of zones in the mask. The method has been demonstrated both on bead samples and on whole cells with a performance that is well in accordance with the theoretical predictions.
What are the main variables that influence the dynamics of Ecuador’s sovereign risk?

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the determinants of Ecuador’s sovereign spreads as measured by the EMBI index. We use Bayesian algorithms to estimate a structural vector autoregressive model with three blocks (international, regional, and domestic). Global variables drive most of the dynamics of the Ecuadorian EMBI, also influenced by the evolution of sovereign risks in other Latin American countries like Chile and Peru. We likewise show that the increase in public debt is the primary domestic variable affecting the Ecuadorian EMBI.
Investigating the Causes and Consequences of Brand Attachment of Luxury Fashion Brand: the Role of Gender, Age, and Income

In recent years, luxury fashion brands have experienced drastic growth. This study examines how hedonic motivation, self-image congruence, brand experience, and brand attachment are interrelated factors driving the purchase intention of industrial luxury fashion brands. Our research aims to construct a consumer behaviour model to complete the hedonic motivation process, which influences brand attachment and is influenced by demographic factors. The research model will fully predict the proposed model to examine the effect of gender, age, and income. The survey was conducted in Indonesia with a sample of 324 respondents. Multiple group analysis SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) was used to test the model across samples. The results reveal substantial consumer behaviour disparities based on respondents' gender, age, and income level. Research findings can aid the luxury brand industry, particularly the fashion industry, in comprehending demographic differences. It is crucial to develop specific marketing strategies to promote luxury brands, influencing consumers' purchase intentions.