Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facility-Demand Models of Peak Period Pedestrian and Bicycle Traffic: Comparison of Fully Specified and Reduced-Form Models

Transportation planners and engineers need better spatial estimates of walking and cycling traffic to assess exposure to hazards, evaluate infrastructure investments, and locate facilities. Facility-demand models are potentially useful for generating spatial estimates of traffic volumes. Few facility-demand models have explored trade-offs between fully specified (i.e., exploratory) models and reduced-form models easily applied in the field. Presented are facility-demand models based on peak period (4 to 6 p.m.) counts of pedestrian and bicycle traffic in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The count database (n = 954 observations; 471 locations) has sufficient spatial density (~3 locations km−2) to develop spatially resolved models (i.e., ~100-m resolution). The modeling approach employs a stepwise linear regression method allowing for varying the spatial scale of independent (land use and transportation) variables. Compared were fully specified (statistically optimal) models and supervised, reduced-form models that included fewer variables based on theoretical validity. Reduced-form core models had modest goodness of fit (adjusted R2: ~.5) and included independent variables with large (industrial area and population density) and small (bicycle facilities, retail area, open space, transit stops) spatial scales. Also developed were reduced-form, time-averaged models for a subset of count sites having multiple observations (n = 84). With the use of reduced-form models (independent variables ranged from four to nine among models), block-level traffic estimates were generated (n = 13,886). Results suggest that reduced-form models perform nearly as well as fully specified models and are easier to apply and interpret. This work could be extended by assessing model performance when estimates of annual average traffic are used in model building.
Some Climatological Aspects of Convective Systems at Five Major Cities of West Bengal, India

Disasters related to convective systems are considered to be global phenomena, as they may occur anywhere in the world, at any instant. Thunderstorms, hailstorms, lightning, dust storms are some of the disasters associated with these convective systems. Some of these systems may possess great potentiality to produce serious damages to human life and property. Indian region is vulnerable to severe convective systems during the hot period of premonsoon season. In this paper, the climatological aspects of the convective systems over five major cities of West Bengal region namely Kolkata, Darjeeling, Asansol, Silliguri and Durgapur has been attempted using LIS TRMM satellite data (19952014), ERA-Interim ECMWF satellite data (1979-2010) and GPCC precipitation dataset (1901-2010). Thermodynamic atmospheric stability indices such as K Index (KI), Total Totals Index (TTI), Humidity Index (HI) and Total Precipitable Water (TPW) associated with severe convection system over study region were studied to provide guidance to severe convective activity. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) and Rainfall also helped us to study the convective systems seasonally and decadally. All the major cities in West Bengal on an average are receiving high lightning flashes which is a major disaster leading to human loss and high property and crop damage. The threshold values of the indices we have taken for the study are satisfied with values mentioned in the literature. Results of this study may help disaster management to take risk reduction steps.
VASCULAR DEMENTIA REVISED VASKULARNA DEMENCIJA: REVIZIJA

Vascular dementia is the second leading cause of dementia, right after Alzheimer’s disease. It is a condition with great medical, social and economic burden. Although its concept has been recognized for over a century, disease mechanisms, diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities remain unclear and generate confusion and debate. Dementia and cerebrovascular disease share risk factors and neuropathology, and may contribute to VaD. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia) and behavioral factors (physical inactivity, obesity) as major substrate for both cerebrovascular disease and dementia. Also, macro and micro-embolic events and chronic brain hypoperfusion contribute to vascular dementia . Having in mind that disease mechanisms for vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are overlapping, and that clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment are often very similar, setting the diagnosis of vascular dementia is not an easy task. In clinical research, various diagnostic criteria are proposed. They are based on two major requirements: clinical diagnosis of dementia and its vascular origin. According to its multicausal nature, vascular dementia stands as a difficult condition to treat. Several therapeutic modalities have been offered; however, further investigation and trials with long-term follow-up are needed.
Analysis of recoverable and permanent components of threshold voltage shift in NBT stressed p-channel power VDMOSFET

In this study we investigate the dynamic recovery effects in IRF9520 commercial p-channel power vertical double diffused metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (VDMOSFETs) subjected to negative bias temperature (NBT) stressing under the particular pulsed bias. Particular values of the pulsed stress voltage frequency and duty cycle are chosen in order to analyze the recoverable and permanent components of stress-induced threshold voltage shift in detail. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms responsible for buildup of oxide charge and interface traps. The partial recovery during the low level of pulsed gate voltage is ascribed to the removal of recoverable component of degradation, i.e., to passivation/neutralization of shallow oxide traps that are not transformed into the deeper traps (permanent component). Considering the value of characteristic time constant associated with complete removal of the recoverable component of degradation, it is shown that by selecting an appropriate combination of the frequency and duty cycle, the threshold voltage shifts induced under the pulsed negative bias temperature stress conditions can be significantly reduced, which may be utilized for improving the device lifetime in real application circuits.
Comparing Turnover Intentions and Actual Turnover in the Public Sector Workforce Evidence from Public School Teachers

Many studies rely on public sector employees’ reported career intentions instead of measuring actual turnover, but research does not clearly document how these variables relate to one another. We develop and test three ways in which measures of employee intentions and turnover might relate to one another: (a) intention may measure the same underlying construct as turnover; (b) intention may be distinct from but strongly related to turnover; or (c) intentions may be distinct from turnover. Using nationally representative data on 102,970 public school teachers, we conduct a descriptive and regression analysis to probe how teachers’ turnover intentions are and are not associated with attrition. While there is some variation across measures of intent, we find evidence most consistent with the second scenario; intention is distinct from, but strongly related to, turnover. We offer recommendations for how researchers should use public sector employee intentions in research.
Corporate Governance and Audit Opinion Shopping: Evidence from Iran

Sustainability and development of the audit profession is a function of the quality of auditors' services and adherence to professional standards such as independence plays a key role in this. Consequences of neglecting the quality of services and non-compliance with ethical standards can create irreparable crises. The phenomenon of audit opinion shopping is one of the unethical issues in the auditing profession that plays a role in destroying the general face of auditing and its specialized role. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the elements of corporate governance includes institutional ownership, ownership concentration, board size, and board independence and the audit opinion shopping in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). To achieve this goal, 120 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected between 2001 to 2016 and were tested using logistics regression. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the ownership concentration and the audit opinion shopping and there was no significant relationship between the other independent variables and the audit opinion shopping.
A NEW SOUNDING SYSTEM FOR HF DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS FROM ANTARCTICA

1.Introduction Since the Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959, Antarctica is a continent where only scientific activities are allowed. Many bases have been installed, where scientists and technicians live mostly during the Antarctic summer, while few bases are prepared for being operative during the Antarctic winter. Voice and data communication with the mother country is achieved via satellite and using the HF band. Communication with geostationary satellites is not always possible from the poles, so skywave ionospheric radiocommunications are a good and inexpensive alternative for voice and data. The bitrate of current HF radiomodems has increased significantly from 75 bps to 9600 bps through a standard 3 KHz channel. However, the channel performance in terms of delay spread, Doppler spread, and SNR of such a long link is quite unknown. In this way, our Radio Communications Group, with previous experience in wideband modulations through the HF channel [1], is developing a new project, named SANDICOM (Sounding System for Antarctic Digital Communications), with two main goals. First, to measure the most significant parameters needed for the modem design, that is, SNR, delay spread and Doppler spread. Second, to implement a new radiomodem specially designed for skywave communications from Antarctica. The aim of the project is to achieve the maximum bitrate and channel availability with the minimum power consumption. During the last winter, a new sounding system between the Antarctic Spanish Base in Livingston Island (62.6S, 60.4W) and Observatori de l’Ebre in Spain (40.8N, 0.5E) was installed by our group. The length of the path is 12.700 Km, so the number of hops is at least four or five, while only one hop is usually observed in most of the radiolinks found in the literature [2], [3]. Moreover, disturbances associated with the equatorial belt and the auroral region have to be taken into account, and the number of available ionosounders along the path is not very high. The aim of the first campaign was to study the performance of the HF channel with no specific hardware, so standard HF transceivers have been used with a 3 KHz channel bandwidth. During the following campaigns, a new sounder based on a digital platform using FPGA, ASIC and high speed A/D/A converters will be installed. Similar to the work in [4], the RF signal will be fully generated by software, so any frequency, bandwidth (up to 100 KHz) and modulation might be chosen. In this paper we introduce the system and some preliminary results for the 3 Khz channel. A complete description of the hardware and the tests being performed is found in sections 2 and 3. Simulations with PropLab® helped us to identify the different measured paths of the channel impulse response. The comparison between measurements and simulations is made in section 4. Finally, the conclusions and further work for the second campaign using higher bandwidths are pointed out.
Comparative study of a milking unit pulsation system in laboratory and field conditions

A comparative study of the pulsation phases in classic milking units was performed. The testing of the same is done in laboratory and field conditions (during milking). The pulsation settings at which the test was performed were pulsation rate 60 min-1 and 90 min-1, ratio 50/50% and vacuum mode 50 kPa. The experiments were performed in the laboratory of “Machine milking” (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University) on a milking installation with a pipe line and on a farm for 60 lactating cows at the same milking installation. It was found that the transients (phases “a” and “c”) are significantly reduced during milking. Respectively, the actual phases (phases “b” and “d”) are significantly increased during the milking process. The conclusions are related to the settings and timely diagnostics of the milking machine.
Magnesium Ferrite Sensor for H2S Detection

The composite effects of p-type MgO and n-type MgFe2O4 on H2S detection were investigated. The mixture state of these oxides was fixed under coprecipitation conditions: mixture ratio of iron source to magnesium source, and pH control of precursor solution by dropping of an alkaline solution. The composite mixture of MgO, Fe2O3, and MgFe2O4 was obtained by adjusting the mixture ratio of Fe to Mg. The resistance in air monotonically increased with increasing MgO content in the matrix of MgFe2O4. In contrast, the resistance in air decreased with increasing Fe2O3 content. The sensing properties of these composites to 3 ppm H2S were evaluated as a sensor response (S), defined as the ratio of the resistance in air (Ra) to that in the gas mixture of H2S and air (Rg). The sensor response depended on the composite state of MgFe2O4 and MgO because the amount of H2S adsorbed on the composite was increased by the formation of the p–n junction. In contrast, the sensor response was not improved in the presence of excess MgO in the matrix of MgFe2O4, suggesting that the excess MgO serves as an insulator in the electron transfer between the semiconductor composite MgO–MgFe2O4 and an interdigitated Pt microelectrode.
Primary malignant giant-cell tumor of bone: Case report of a rare clinical condition with an atypical clinical course

Introduction: A primary malignant giant-cell tumor of bone (PMGCT) is an extremely rare disease and usually presents with a better prognosis than its secondary counterpart does (secondary malignant giant-cell tumor of bone or SMGCT). Case Report: We present a case of a highly atypical PMGCT of the proximal left tibia, with extremely fast progression, pathological fracture, fungation, and patient death. Conclusion: This clinical case is an example of the most extreme and aggressive biological behavior that could arise with a PMGCT. These usually have a better prognosis than most, among malignant giant-cell tumors. This case highlights the need for a low threshold of suspicion for malignant transformation when giant-cell tumors have an unusual presentation.
Breast Cancer Analysis and Prediction by Using Machine Learning

: Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women after skin cancer and has become a serious health issue and it has the potential to cause death in women. As a result, it's important to diagnose BC properly. We all know that Machine Learning (ML) techniques have a unique benefit and that is why they're widely used to analyze advanced BC datasets and predict disease. An effective way to classify the data through classification or data mining. This becomes very practical, especially in the medical field where identification is done through these techniques. The Wisconsin Breast cancer dataset(WBCD) is used to perform a comparison between SVM, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes(NB), and Random Forest. To estimate the correctness in classifying the data based on accuracy and time consumption which is used to determine the efficiency of those algorithms, which is the main objective. Based on this result after performing experiments, the Random Forest algorithm shows the highest accuracy rate (99.76%) and also the least error rate.
Running Head: ASSESSING SLEEP-RELATED ATTITUDES WITH THE IAT Assessing sleep-related attitudes with the implicit association test: a prospective study in young adults

The measurement of automatic attitudes towards sleep, in addition to reflective self-reports, might improve our ability to predict and explain sleep-hindering practices. Two types of implicit association tests (IATs), a sleep-related evaluations IAT and a sleep-related selfidentity IAT, were developed to evaluate their efficacy for assessing automatic sleep-related attitudes. In addition, also a speeded self-report measure of sleep evaluations was explored as a means to assess automatic sleep-related attitudes. The study included 136 young adults (age = 21.70 ± 2.22, 43% female). At baseline, the two IATs, the speeded self-report, and standard self-reports of sleep determinants (reflective attitudes, self-efficacy, intention and action planning for sleep-promoting behaviour), sleep hygiene practices, sleep quality and sleep duration were assessed. All variables except for the sleep determinants were assessed again at two-week follow-up. Results demonstrated good reliability of the two IAT-versions, but both IATs were unrelated to the speeded self-report, the sleep determinants, sleep practices, sleep quality or sleep duration. The speeded self-report correlated significantly with the standard selfreports of sleep determinants. Baseline scores on the IATs or speeded self-report did not predict sleep hygiene practices, sleep duration or sleep quality at follow-up. The findings indicate that sleep-related IATs might not be suited to assess automatic sleep-related attitudes. Further investigation is needed to determine whether speeded self-reports are valid measures of automatic attitudes. Moreover, more empirical research is required to clarify the role of automatic processes for sleep hygiene behaviours.
Strategic reading program to develop critical-creative thinking in high school students

The objective was to design a program of reading strategies to develop critical and creative thinking (PCC) in the students of the VI cycle of the educational institution Diego Ferré Sosa de Monsefú. The research was of a primary propositional type, in which 137 students participated, who were administered a questionnaire on the development of critical and creative thinking, elaborated separately for every kind of thought and covering the dimensions of each one of them. The instruments were duly validated and with a reliability coefficient of 0.80. The results regarding the level of development of critical and creative thinking indicate that 45.99% of the total sample are at the medium level for critical thinking, and 51.09% are also at the medium level concerning creative thinking, which makes it possible to determine that almost half of the students surveyed need to reorient the development of higher-order thinking skills that allow them to strengthen their cognitive abilities.
Influence of temperature and carbon dioxide levels on growth and development of Spodoptera litura Fabricius on cauliflower TEJINDER

The studies on influence of temperature and carbon dioxide levels on growth and development of Spodoptera litura on cauliflower were conducted with six different temperature and carbon dioxide regimes viz. 25:11oC and 25:14oC at 350, 400, 450 ppm carbon dioxide concentrations. Observations on different biological indices were recorded to estimate the influence of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide on growth and development of S. litura. The study revealed temperature and carbon dioxide had significant effect on developmental indices of S. litura. It was observed that incubation period, larval duration, pupal duration, male adult longevity, female adult longevity decreased from 4.5, 23.4, 9.3, 6.8, 7.5, respectively at 25:11oC to 3.9, 21.2, 8.7, 6.5, 7.4 days respectively, at 25:14oC. Whereas fecundity of S litura increased from 363.6 to 420.9 with increase in temperature and carbon dioxide indicating reduced generation time which could lead to more number of generations per year.
(Co-)Working in Close Proximity: Heterogeneous Impacts on Peer Learning and Startup Performance Outcomes∗

In this paper, we examine the influence of physical proximity on firm-level production input decisions and subsequent startup performance outcomes at one of the largest technology co-working hubs in the United States. To deal with endogenous geographic clustering, we rely on the random assignment of office space to the hub’s 251 startups. Using floor plans to measure geographic distance, we find that proximity greatly influences the likelihood of adopting an upstream web technology already used by a peer firm. This effect quickly decays where startups more than 20 meters apart no longer influence each other. Our results further suggest that other social, informational, and competition-based dimensions alter the effect of distance. In particular, physical proximity appears most crucial for promoting exchange among otherwise different firms.
Behavioral and biochemical changes in Wister albino rats exposed to different brands of vulcanizer solutions

Volatile solvents are liquids that vapourize at room temperature and are found in a multitude of inexpensive, easily available products used for common household and industrial purposes. There is an increased abuse of inhalants among the youths in Nigeria for the purpose of mind-alteration or getting high. Vulcanizer solutions are one of the widely used inhalants that lack proper labelling hence there may be adulteration of these substances which could also be dangerous to health of the sniffers. The objective of this research was to subject wistar albino rats to different brands of vulcanizer solutions to investigate the possible effects these solutions have on social behaviour as well as significant changes in the concentrations of some liver function enzymes. Commercial assay kit from Randox Laboratories Ltd was used for the determination of the enzymes of interest. The study found that only alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly increased (P ˂ 0.05) and changes in behaviours on exposition to miliki diamond (MD) solutions were observed. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels have been reported to increase than normal in various hepatocellular damages such as necrosis, hepatitis, etc. However, ALT is more specific for detection of hepatotoxicity, therefore its significant increase, when other enzymes do not increase, indicates that vulcanizer solutions (specifically MD) may contribute enormously to certain liver diseases. The changes in behaviours as well as enzyme concentration could be due to various chemicals constituents (such as benzene, toluene, ethyl, etc) in vulcanizer solutions. Therefore, sniffers of vulcanizer solutions may be highly susceptible to various diseases of the liver and other organs, and this may contribute enormously to the prevalence of liver diseases as being recently reported.
Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections of Molecules and Ions in Fusion Plasma

We report calculated electron-impact ionization cross sections (EICSs) for the molecules BeHx with x=0-3 and their cations. We apply and compare the Deutsch-Märk (DM) and the binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) methods. The BEB cross sections are generally smaller than the DM ones. This difference between the two methods is pronounced in the case of the cations, for which the BEB cross sections account for about 50% of the DM cross sections in the cases of largest differences. Lacking experimental data, one can assume that the true cross sections lie between the BEB and DM values.