Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of gait pattern between genders in Korean old people and the effect of dimensionless numbers

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze normal gait on the plains by gender for old people reference data for the normal gait pattern for the old people. Participants were selected according to the Korean standard body type provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and used a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Cortex, Orthotrak, and Excel were used as the software for analyzing the extracted data, and IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0 was used for statistical analysis. When data standardization was performed using the dimensionless numbers conversion, the step length and stride length of the lower extremities, which had differences between genders before dimensionless numbers conversion, showed no difference after dimensionless numbers conversion. Cadence, step time, and single support time of the left lower extremity, which had no difference between genders before dimensionless numbers conversion, were found to have significant differences after dimensionless numbers conversion. In addition, as a result of analyzing the coefficient of variation value to find out the degree of change in data due to dimensionless numbers conversion, there were increase and decrease in the coefficient of variation value ranging from −8.11% to 6.67% before and after dimensionless numbers conversion, which means dimensionless numbers conversion can affect the statistical test.
Biomechanics of Atlas Cedar Roots in response to the Medium Hydromechanical Characteristics

The biomechanical root flexibility in response to hydromechanical soil heterogeneity is the most determining factor of the root architecture which plays a paramount role in mycorrhizal infection and allows the seedlings to adapt to the environmental constraint. We examined the impact of five different hydromechanical medium properties (hydroponics, vermiculite, vermiculite-gravel, sawdust, and sand) on the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of Cedrus atlantica seedlings at a controlled growth chamber. The growth of the seedling is strongly stimulated by the hydroponic medium through the stimulation of the aerial part dry weight and the main root length. However, the sand medium increases the main root dry weight by the radial expanse stimulation at the level of the epidermis, vascular cylinder, and cortex and compensates the less root architecture by the stimulation of the xylem and phloem areas. In contrast to sand and hydroponic media, the sawdust medium stimulates the phloem/xylem ratio, the root architecture, and the short roots. The Pearson bilateral correlation shows that the aerial part dry weight is positively correlated with the permeability, porosity, and water-holding capacity and negatively with the bulk density and density at saturation, whereas the short root production is negatively correlated with the permeability and water-holding capacity. Hence, the hydromechanical characteristics of the soils must be taken into account in the reforestation and mycorrhization attempts.
Whale Optimization Algorithm for Multiconstraint Second-Order Stochastic Dominance Portfolio Optimization

In the field of asset allocation, how to balance the returns of an investment portfolio and its fluctuations is the core issue. Capital asset pricing model, arbitrage pricing theory, and Fama–French three-factor model were used to quantify the price of individual stocks and portfolios. Based on the second-order stochastic dominance rule, the higher moments of return series, the Shannon entropy, and some other actual investment constraints, we construct a multiconstraint portfolio optimization model, aiming at comprehensively weighting the returns and risk of portfolios rather than blindly maximizing its returns. Furthermore, the whale optimization algorithm based on FTSE100 index data is used to optimize the above multiconstraint portfolio optimization model, which significantly improves the rate of return of the simple diversified buy-and-hold strategy or the FTSE100 index. Furthermore, extensive experiments validate the superiority of the whale optimization algorithm over the other four swarm intelligence optimization algorithms (gray wolf optimizer, fruit fly optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and firefly algorithm) through various indicators of the results, especially under harsh constraints.
Combined Effects of Graded Foraminotomy and Annular Defect on Biomechanics after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression: A Finite Element Study

Percutaneous endoscopic technology has been widely used in the treatment of lumbar disc stenosis and herniation. However, the quantitative influence of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression on spinal biomechanics of the L5–S1 lumbosacral segment remains poorly understood. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the combined effects on the biomechanics of different grades of foraminotomy and annular defect for the L5–S1 segment. A 3D, nonlinear, detailed finite element model of L4–S1 was established and validated. Changes in biomechanical responses upon stimulation to the intact spine during different degrees of resection were analyzed. Measurements included intervertebral rotation, intradiscal pressure, and the strain of disc structure under flexion, extension, left/right lateral bending, and left/right axial rotation under pure bending moments and physiological loads. Compared with the intact model, under prefollower load, annular defect slightly decreased intervertebral rotation by −5.0% in extension and 2.2% in right axial rotation and significantly increased the mean strain of the exposed disc by 237.7% in all loading cases. For right axial rotation, unilateral total foraminotomy with an annular detect increased intervertebral rotation by 29.5% and intradiscal pressure by 57.6% under pure bending moment while the maximum corresponding values were 9.8% and 6.6% when the degree of foraminotomy was below 75%, respectively. These results indicate that percutaneous endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy highly maintains spinal stability, even if the effect of annular detect is taken into account, when the unilateral facet is not totally removed. Patients should avoid excessive extension and axial rotation after surgery on L5–S1. The postoperative open annular defect may substantially increase the risk of recurrent disc herniation.
Risk Factors Related to New-Onset Diabetes after Renal Transplantation in Patients of a High Complexity University Hospital in Colombia, 20 Years of Experience

Introduction New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is associated with immunosuppression. Its complications can negatively influence patients' quality of life, which is why it is important to study the associated risk factors and expand the possible therapies in this particular group of patients. Materials and methods. Case-control study nested in a retrospective cohort. It included patients who received kidney transplantation at the high complexity University Hospital Fundación Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia, between 1995 and 2014. Two controls were assigned for each case, depending on the type of donor and the date of the surgery. Information was collected from clinical records and the institutional TRENAL registry. We carried out a descriptive analysis of the selected variables and identified the risk factors with conditional logistic regression. Results 122 cases were identified to which 224 controls were assigned. The median age was 44 years (IQR: 34–55), and 54% were men. Having >50 years of age at the time of transplantation (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.6−6.3, p = 0.001), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3−9.7, p = 0.010) and being afro-descendant (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.1−6.5, p = 0.023) were identified as risk factors for the development of NODAT. Pretransplant fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dl (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4−6.4, p = 0.005) and serum triglycerides >200 mg/dl (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4−4.4, p = 0.002) were also reported as independent risk factors. Conclusion We ratify some risk factors for the development of this important disease, which include certain modifiable characteristics. Interventions aimed at changes in lifestyle could be established in a timely manner before transplant surgery.
The Morphology and Physiology of the Salivary Glands of Hemiptera-Heteroptera

The salivary glands of the Heteroptera consist of a pair of primarily bilobed principal glands and accessory glands which vary very greatly in form and structure in different families. The glands are usually supplied with tracheae, and the principal glands are invested by a nervous plexus which is supplied by a glandular nerve from the hypocerebral ganglion of the stomatogastric system. The principal salivary gland of Notonecta is characterized by the presence of large cells having zymogen granules and by the storage of fluid secretion in vacuoles. In contrast, most of the remaining Heteropteran salivary glands belong to the vesicular type, having a one-layered glandular epithelium made up of small cells which discharge their secretion into a large central storage cavity or axial canal. This type of gland lacks zymogen granules but has small dense masses of reserve material in the basal or outer parts of the cells. There is normally no difference in the structure of the glandular epithelium in the different lobes. The accessory glands are either in the form of a thin-walled bladder-like vesicle, or are tubular or duct-like; they seem to be purely a development of the primary conducting glandular system, and are thus homologous with the salivary reservoir of other orders. All the information obtained in this work is strongly against the idea that the various lobes of Hemipterous salivary glands produce widely different chemical substances, each with a special function. The results obtained by Faure-Fremiet have not been confirmed. Except with blood-sucking forms digestive enzymes were always found in the glands, two enzymes being the maximum number found in any particular gland. The enzymes were found to be always related to the type of food consumed, and were those concerned with the digestion of that particular component of the food which was present in the greatest proportion. In no case was a cellulase found. An anti-coagulant principle was found to be present in the glands of blood-sucking forms. The accessory glands appear to produce only a watery secretion, enzymes being absent. The pH of the principal gland is generally slightly acid, while that of the accessory gland is neutral. Mitochondria and Golgi bodies typical of insect tissue are present in certain glands, but show no relation to the secretion granules, and thus do not appear to contribute to secretion synthesis. From a number of experiments it appears that the action of the digestive enzymes is not sufficiently rapid for external digestion to take place to any great extent. It seems, however, certain that quite an appreciable quantity of the injected saliva is imbibed again, and that the salivary digestion continues in the stomach, where the food taken in is first stored. The pH activity range of the enzymes is in general wide.
Tocilizumab Was Effective in Repairing the Large Geode in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by multiple chronic arthritis subsequently inducing joint destruction. Although subchondral geode is a well-known feature of high-disease activity, a large geode is rare. Moreover, the treatment effect of biologic agents in the repair of large geode has not been reported. The present report shows the significant effect of interleukin-6 receptor blocker, tocilizumab, in repairing the large geode in the left humeral lateral epicondyle. This case implies that tocilizumab might be an effective treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis even with large geode.
Determinants of the Continuum of Maternal Healthcare Services in Northwest Ethiopia: Findings from the Primary Health Care Project

Background The maternity continuum of care is the continuity of maternal healthcare services that a woman uses, which includes antenatal care (ANC 4+), skill birth attendant (SBA), and postnatal care (PNC) within 48 hours of delivery. It is one of the essential strategies for reducing maternal and newborn mortality. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the completion of a continuum of maternal healthcare services among mothers who gave birth in the past five years. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01 to June 29, 2019, among 565 randomly selected mothers who gave birth in five years before the study in primary healthcare project implementation districts of north Gondar zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed, and in the multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p value of less than 0.05 were used to identify the associated factors with completion of the continuum of maternal healthcare services. Results The study revealed that the overall completion of the continuum of maternal healthcare services was 21.60% (95% CI: 18.20, 24.90). Women who were able to read and write (AOR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.22, 6.04), using car/motorcycle as a means of transportation to get the health facility (AOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.29, 9.50), travel time less than an hour to get the health facility (AOR: 4.98, 95% CI: 2.97, 8.38), being satisfied with the service delivery (AOR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.11), and getting health education on maternal healthcare services in the last 6 months (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.52, 5.05) were factors associated with the completion of the continuum of maternal healthcare services. Conclusions The completion of the continuum of maternal healthcare services was relatively low, indicating that women were not getting the likely health benefit from the present health services. Therefore, interventions should focus on increasing women's awareness, improving the availability of services at nearby health facilities, and improving service delivery by considering women's preferences and needs to increase their satisfaction are essential to increase the completion of maternal healthcare services.
Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in children with mental retardation: data from a population-based study

The main purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses in children with mental retardation (MR) (IQ < or = 70). All children born between 1980 and 1985 (N=30037) in Akershus County, Norway, were screened for possible MR and assessed with either IQ tests or standardized developmental tests. A total of 178 children, 79 with severe mental retardation (SMR) (IQ<50) and 99 with mild mental retardation (MMR) (IQ 50 to 70) were included for further study. Psychiatric symptomatology was assessed as a standard part of the neurodevelopmental examination, which included a semistructured parent interview, a clinical child interview, and retrieval of the charts of previous child psychiatric examinations. Psychiatric diagnoses were classified according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10). In total, 65 (37%) of the total population with MR (95% confidence intervals 29 to 44) were registered to have psychiatric diagnoses, the most common being hyperkinesia (n=28) and pervasive developmental disorder (n=15). Psychiatric diagnoses were present in 42% of the population with SMR and 33% of the population with MMR (p=0.4). Of all children found to have a psychiatric diagnosis, approximately one-third had previously been examined by a child psychiatrist and indicated a previously unrecognized need for these services to children with MR.
Obtaining and Investigation of the β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex with Vitamin D3 Oil Solution

Background. The research results of fat-soluble vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) encapsulation with β-cyclodextrin have been presented in this work. The vitamin D3 inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin was obtained under microwave radiation. The surface morphology of obtained clathrate inclusion complexes was described with the help of a scanning electron microscope. The thermographic measurement results on a differential scanning calorimeter have been presented. The activation energy of the β-cyclodextrin : vitamin D3 clathrate complex thermal oxidative destruction reaction was calculated. The clathrate thermal destruction kinetic parameters were determined. The inclusion complex spectral properties were characterized by IR-Fourier and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The existence of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with vitamin D3 in a 2 : 1 ratio was confirmed by the experimental results. The activation energy of thermal destruction of the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with vitamin D3 was calculated using four different methods.
Impacts of Irrigation Termination Date on Cotton Yield and Irrigation Requirement

Optimization of cotton irrigation termination (IT) can lead to more efficient utilization and conservation of limited water resources in many cotton production areas across the U.S. This study evaluated the effects of three IT timings on yield, fiber quality, and irrigation requirements of irrigated cotton in southwest Oklahoma during three growing seasons. The results showed cotton yield increased with later IT dates, but this response was highly dependent on the amount and timing of late-season precipitation events. Only a few fiber quality parameters were significantly different among treatments, suggesting a more limited impact of IT on fiber quality. When averaged over the three study years, the lint yield was significantly different amongst all treatments, with an average increase of 347 kg ha−1 from the earliest to the latest IT. Additionally, the seed yield and the micronaire were similar for the two earlier IT treatments and significantly smaller than the values under the latest IT treatment. The differences in fiber uniformity and strength were also significant amongst IT treatments. Strong positive relationships were found between yield components and average late-season water content in the root zone. Lint and seed yields plateaued at an average late-season soil matric potential of about −30 kPa and had a quadratic decline as soil moisture depleted. When benchmarked against the latest IT treatment, the earlier IT treatments achieved average reductions of 16–28% in irrigation requirement. However, this water conservation was accompanied with considerable declines in yield components and micronaire and smaller declines in fiber length, uniformity, and strength.
The Causes and Consequences of Albanian Emigration during Transition: Evidence from Micro Data

This note reports the results of field surveys of individuals and firms in Albania, carried out during 1998. The surveys were designed to analyse the extent of emigration from Albania during the 1990s and its causes and consequences. Our results show that emigrants are motivated mainly by the ease of access to neighbouring countries and by the prospect of high financial returns. Although most emigrants worked illegally and had part-time, low-skilled jobs, the majority found the overall experience positive, and the skills and earnings they acquired abroad have contributed to establishing businesses upon their return. These results have important policy implications for both EU countries and other transition countries in the region.
AiiA, an enzyme that inactivates the acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal and attenuates the virulence of Erwinia carotovora

N-acylhomoserine lactones, known as autoinducers (AIs), are widely conserved signal molecules present in quorum-sensing systems of many Gram-negative bacteria. AIs are involved in the regulation of diverse biological functions, including expression of pathogenic genes in the plant pathogens Pseudomonas solanacearum, several Erwinia species, and the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A bacterial isolate, Bacillus sp. 240B1, is capable of enzymatic inactivation of AIs. The gene (aiiA) for AI inactivation from Bacillus sp. 240B1 has been cloned and shown to encode a protein of 250 amino acids. Sequence alignment indicates that AiiA contains a “HXHXDH” zinc-binding motif that is conserved in several groups of metallohydrolases. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that conserved aspartate and most histidine residues are required for AiiA activity. Expression of aiiA in transformed Erwinia carotovora strain SCG1 significantly reduces the release of AI, decreases extracellular pectolytic enzyme activities, and attenuates pathogenicity on potato, eggplant, Chinese cabbage, carrot, celery, cauliflower, and tobacco. Our results indicate that the AI-inactivation approach represents a promising strategy for prevention of diseases in which virulence is regulated by AIs.
THE EFFECT OF PRE-PLANTING DESICCATION STRESS AND ROOT PRUNING ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION AND SUBSEQUENT FIELD PERFORMANCE OF ONE YEAR OLD PRUNUS AVIUM AND P. CERASIFERA SEEDLINGS

SummarySevere desiccation of dormant seedlings of wild cherry (Prunus avium) and cherry plum (P. cerasifera) did not affect their immediate survival, but caused significant reductions in subsequent shoot growth and root volume which were not recovered in a single growing season. Damage to the fine roots, as indicated by the physiological plant quality measures of tetrazolium absorbance and root electrolyte leakage, increased rapidly over drying periods of ca. 6 h, further damage requiring progressively longer periods of desiccation. Root pruning prior to planting did not mitigate desiccation damage and severe pruning was highly injurious to subsequent growth. Generally the removal of the fine roots was equivalent to a relatively short desiccation period, but pruning of fine roots prior to, instead of after, desiccation in P. cerasifera resulted in more lateral shoots, possibly indicating the production of growth retardant substances by the dried root systems. All measures of physiological plant quality at.
Birds as grazing indicator species in southeastern Arizona

Etude conduite dans un sanctuaire de la Societe Audubon dans le comte de Santa Cruz (Arizona) et dans un ranch adjacent. Deux plateaux tabulaires sont pris en reference, on compare les densites et les habitats de 4 especes sur sites pâtures ou non
Why are female small mammals territorial

I question the widely accepted view that female small mammals are territorial to defend food, and suggest that theoretical and empirical evidence are more compatible with a pup-defense hypothesis to protect young from infanticide. The fact that females are territorial during the time of greatest food abundance and not during food limitation (such as winter) contradicts a food-defense hypothesis. Energy conservation through huddling does not appear sufficient to explain shared use of space during nonbreeding seasons. Aggression and territorial defense are most intense during lactation and are directed toward other females, those most likely to commit infanticide, and not toward males and other food competitors