Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the proportions of closely related species: Performance of the two-phase ratio estimator

In many ecological field contexts, accurately classifying closely related species based on phenotypic characteristics may be difficult. In such cases, definitive classification of species may require expensive genetic analysis of tissues or extensive quantitative measurements. If inexpensive phenotype-based species classifications are highly correlated with expensive but definitive classifications, however, then estimating the proportion of a target species in a mixed species complex using a two-phase ratio estimator may prove cost-efficient. In two-phase ratio estimation, a first-phase sample is randomly selected, and phenotype is used to classify all individuals in the sample. A smaller, second-phase sample is then randomly selected from the first-phase sample, and a definitive method is used to classify the individuals in this subsample. Net relative efficiency (i.e., cost-effectiveness) of the optimally allocated two-phase ratio estimator of a proportion depends on the relative costs of classification at the first and second phases, on the phenotypic classification accuracy for the target species (sensitivity) and nontarget species (specificity), and on the magnitude of the target species proportion. Results are presented that allow assessment of the circumstances in which this two-phase estimation approach can be recommended over an equal-cost single-phase approach based only on expensive but definitive classification. An illustrative application of these methods is provided using an example of two closely related, sympatric, anadromous salmonid species: steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki).
Variations in the spectral slope of Sgr A* during a NIR flare

We have observed a bright flare of Sgr A* in the near infrared with the adaptive optics assisted integral field spectrometer SINFONI. Within the uncertainties, the observed spectrum is featureless and can be described by a power law. The associated power law index is subject to systematic effects, namely the determination of the background level. We explore these effects and can show that while the absolute value of the spectral power law index is relatively uncertain, our data nevertheless suggest that the spectral index is correlated with the instantaneous flix. Both quantities experience signifbant changes within less than one hour. We argue that the near infrared flares from Sgr A* are due to synchrotron emission of transiently heated electrons, the emission being affected by orbital dynamics and synchrotron cooling, both acting on timescales of ≈20 minutes.
Eastward sub-auroral ion drifts or ASAID

From satellite data sampling the top ionosphere in the Northern Hemisphere we have identified strong eastward ion drifts, with speeds larger than 1 km/s, widths of 1°–2°, occurring at similar temporal and spatial locations as rapid westward ion drifts known as sub-auroral ion drifts (SAID). We have called these events "abnormal sub-auroral ion drifts" (ASAID). Two events observed in the 20:00–22:00 MLT interval are discussed: the first occurring on 21 September 2003 and the other on 12 October 2003. Tomographic reconstructions of the electron density in the F-region, based on satellite data, provided by the Scandinavian tomography chain, were also available. We have observed that ASAID are accompanied by upward flows with a speed of the same order as that of the zonal ion drift. They coincide with deep, narrow troughs in the total ion density, both at the altitude of the F15 DMSP satellite (850 km) and in the F-region of the ionosphere, but do not seem to be a feature of the convective transport. During the entire duration of ASAID the electron temperature is very high while, contrary to SAID, the ion temperature has no clear variation. Both events described in this paper end up turning into classical SAID. Satellite data indicate that the generator of ASAID could be located inside the plasmasphere close to the plasmapause and we suggest a possible mechanism for their formation.
Fast imaging method for grating-based x-ray computed tomography

Grating-based phase-contrast imaging has been a hot topic for several years owing to its excellent ability to discern lowdensity materials. Compared with commercial X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems, the ‘phase-stepping’ motion in grating-based phase-contrast CT (GPC-CT) takes too long to implement in a CT scan. Additionally, the radiation dose delivered to the sample is several times that delivered by a conventional CT scan. In this paper, we compared four kinds of scanning schemes for GPC-CT and pointed out their advantages and limitations for clinical applications. Following the interlaced phase stepping method, we proposed a novel reconstruction method, namely the inner-focusing reconstruction method. With the proposed method, the gratings can be easily integrated into a conventional CT system implementing phase-contrast imaging with a complete field-of-view. Numerical experiments verified the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving fast and low-dose GPC-CT.
ANALYSIS EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT REVENUES ON INDONESIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH ON 1991-2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact that exports, imports, and tax revenues have had on the rate of economic growth in Indonesia between the years 1991 and 2020. This study follows a quantitative approach to research methodology. The data that were used in this analysis were secondary data that were gathered from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and the World Bank. The data for this study were compiled by using time series data from 1991 all the way up until 2020. The approach of using Ordinary Least Squares with an Error Correction Model as the analytical model that is applied is utilized. According to the findings of this study, both long-term and short-term variables related to exports have an effect that is detrimental to the economic growth of Indonesia. Both long-term and short-term changes in Indonesia's imports have no effect on the country's overall economic growth. Further, the impact of long-term tax revenue on economic growth in Indonesia is negative, while the impact of short-term tax revenue is meaningless to the country's overall development.
NUMERICAL DESIGN OF EFFICIENT SLOTTED FIN SURFACE BASED ON THE FIELD SYNERGY PRINCIPLE

In this article, a numerical investigation of the flow and heat transfer in a three-row finned-tube heat exchanger is conducted with a three-dimensional laminar conjugated model. Four types of fin surfaces are studied; one is the whole plain plate fin, and the other three are of slotted type, called slit 1, slit 2, and slit 3. All four fin surfaces have the same global geometry dimensions. The three slotted fin surfaces have the same numbers of strips, which protrude upward and downward alternatively and are positioned along the flow direction according to the rule of “front coarse and rear dense. ” The difference in the three slotted fins is in the degree of “coarse” and “dense” along the flow direction. Numerical results show that, compared to the plain plate fin, the three types of slotted fin all have very good heat transfer performance in that the percentage increase in heat transfer is higher than that in the friction factor. Among the three slotted fin surfaces, slit 1 behaves the best, followed by slit 2 and slit 3 in order. Within the Reynolds number range compared ( from 2,100 to 13,500), the Nusselt number of slit 1 is about 112–48% higher than that of the plain plate fin surface under the identical pumping constraint. An analysis of the essence of heat transfer enhancement is conducted from the field synergy principle, which says that the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and the temperature gradient is the basic mechanism for enhancing convective heat transfer. It is found that for the three comparison constraints the domain-average synergy angle of slit 1 is always the smallest, while that of the plain plate fin is the largest, with slit 2 and slit 3 being somewhat in between. The results of the present study once again show the feasibility of the field synergy principle and are helpful to the development of new types of enhanced heat transfer surfaces.
Thermoelectric properties of (In,Yb) double-filled CoSb3 skutterudite

Indium-filled CoSb3 skutterudites have been shown previously to have promising thermoelectric properties but the thermal conductivity still remains somewhat high. In order to further decrease the thermal conductivity, the double-filling approach has been adopted using ytterbium, in conjunction with indium, due to its heavy mass and small size. The In0.1YbyCo4Sb12 (y=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) samples have been prepared by a melting method and subsequently characterized by means of electron microscopy, electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and Hall coefficient measurements. The results show that the ytterbium filling effectively decreases the thermal conductivity without degrading the power factor, resulting in an enhancement of the dimensionless figure of merit ZT. A state-of-the-art ZT value of 0.97 is attained in In0.1Yb0. 1Co4Sb12 at 750 K.
Aplikasi Cyber Counseling Sebagai Solusi Pelayanan Konseling Online Berbasis Android

Existing technological developments have affected all aspects of life, one of which is guidance and counseling services. One of the innovations utilizing the development of Information Technology in the implementation of counseling services is Cyber Counseling services or often called online counseling. The purpose of this research is to realize a system to support the online counseling process in the form of an Android smartphone mobile application. This application development model in the process of requirements analysis and system design is the Rapid Application Development method. The application of the Rapid Application Development method in this study was proven to be able to save development time. The result of this research is an android-based Cyber Counseling application.
On the outer atmospheres of hybrid stars

Deep exposures with the IUE satellite have been obtained in order to search for high-temperature emission from stars with cool winds. Iota Aur and Theta Her are confirmed as hybrid stars, and an additional hybrid object, Gamma Aql, has been discovered. The emission line fluxes of the hybrid stars are analyzed to establish the emission measure distribution and, as far as possible, the electron density. The discovery of variable, high-velocity Mg II circumstellar absorption in Gamma Aql, Theta Her, and Alpha TrA is reported. Very long exposure of the latter show that cool material is being accelerated to velocities of at least 180 km/s. These observations suggest that high-velocity mass loss is more common than previously thought.
Study on the Turbulent Burning Velocity of Hydrogen Mixtures Including Hydrocarbons

To clarify the turbulent burning velocity of hydrogen in the presence of hydrocarbons, a two-component fuel mixture of hydrogen, methane, and propane was considered. Both hydrocarbon fuel-lean and fuel-rich mixtures were prepared while keeping the laminar burning velocity approximately constant. Even though the laminar burning velocities were approximately the same, a distinct difference in the measured turbulent burning velocity at the same turbulence intensity is observed, depending on the addition of hydrocarbon, the equivalence ratio, and the kind of hydrocarbon. The burning velocities of lean mixtures changed almost monotonically as the rate of addition changed, whereas the burning velocities of the rich mixtures showed no such tendency. This trend can be explained qualitatively based on the mean local burning velocity, which is estimated by taking into account the preferential diffusion effect for each fuel component.
The Economic Values of Pancasila in the Local Wisdom of Harvesting Rice at Kampung Naga

This research aims to explore the economic values of Pancasila in the local wisdom of harvesting rice in Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya, West Java. An ethnographic type of qualitative research is conducted in Kampung Naga, Neglasari Village, Salawu District, Tasikmalaya Regency of West Java. The informants of this research are 20 people consisting of the head of the custom, head of the cooperative association, and farmers in Kampung Naga. The data are collected using in-depth interviews. They are then analyzed using data triangulation, including data reduction, presentation, and conclusions are drawn. The results show that the economic values of Pancasila in the local wisdom of harvesting rice in Kampung Naga are classified into practical value, the cost-saving value of harvesting, economic equity value, and the value of increasing income. Keywords: Economic values of Pancasila, Cost-saving harvesting, Local wisdom, Economic EquityJEL Classification: D40, I30
Reflective thinking predicts lower conspiracy beliefs: A meta-analysis

One of the many established predictors of conspiracy beliefs is reflective thinking, but no meta-analysis so far has examined this relationship. In the current meta-analysis of published and unpublished correlational data (145 samples, 181 effect sizes), we found a significant negative association between reflective thinking and conspiracy beliefs with a medium-level effect size (r = –.189) . Similar levels of correlations were found across different types of measures (self-report vs. performance-based) and conspiracy beliefs (generic vs. specific). Further, no evidence suggested publication bias in this body of work. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Tensile fracture behaviour of RE-123 coated conductors induced by discontinuous yielding in Hastelloy C-276 substrate

We investigated the intrinsic strain effect on critical current, Ic, and tensile fracture behaviour in the RE-123 coated conductors (RE = Y, Dy or Sm) with Hastelloy C-276 substrates. It is found that the SmBCO coated conductors exhibit an intrinsic strain effect on Ic which is similar to that in the DyBCO ones. Ic decreases monotonically with increasing applied tensile strain but it can recover reversibly up to the strain of 0.32% when the strain is relieved. Quenching occurred for the coated conductors with Hastelloy C-276 substrate in the narrow strain region of 0.27–0.35% regardless of the buffer layers and superconducting materials. In order to reveal the reason for such quenching, we measured mechanical properties of the Hastelloy C-276 tapes alone and coated conductors at 77 K. The as-received and as-polished Hastelloy tapes show continuous yielding, which results from homogeneous plastic deformation. On the other hand, the Hastelloy tape annealed at 963 K corresponding to the deposition condition for the superconducting layer exhibits discontinuous yielding. In the annealed Hastelloy tapes, occurrence of Lüders bands is observed, indicating that plastic deformation progresses inhomogeneously. Discontinuous yielding is also confirmed in the coated conductor. The yield strains of the coated conductors are almost identical to the strains at quenching. Characteristic fracture behaviour is observed, that transverse crack arrays are initiated from the tape edge and they propagate into the central part. The crack arrays orient to a certain angle to the loading axis, which is similar to that of the Lüders bands. The similarities in the initiation site and the angle to the loading axis between the Lüders bands and the crack arrays and close values of quenching strains to the yielding one strongly suggest that quenching is attributable to the discontinuous yielding in the Hastelloy substrate.
Modelling of diamond deposition microwave cavity generated plasmas

Some aspects of the numerical modelling of diamond deposition plasmas generated using microwave cavity systems are discussed. The paper mainly focuses on those models that allow (i) designing microwave cavities in order to optimize the power deposition in the discharge and (ii) estimating the detailed plasma composition in the vicinity of the substrate surface. The development of hydrogen plasma models that may be used for the self-consistent simulation of microwave cavity discharge is first discussed. The use of these models for determining the plasma configuration, composition and temperature is illustrated. Examples showing how to use these models in order to optimize the cavity structure and to obtain stable process operations are also given. A transport model for the highly reactive H2/CH4 moderate pressure discharges is then presented. This model makes possible the determination of the time variation of plasma composition and temperature on a one-dimensional domain located on the plasma axis. The use of this model to analyse the transport phenomena and the chemical process in diamond deposition plasmas is illustrated. The model is also utilized to analyse pulsed mode discharges and the benefit they can bring as far as diamond growth rate and quality enhancement are concerned. We, in particular, show how the model can be employed to optimize the pulse waveform in order to improve the deposition process. Illustrations on how the model can give estimates of the species density at the growing substrate surface over a wide domain of deposition conditions are also given. This brings us to discuss the implication of the model prediction in terms of diamond growth rate and quality.
Exploring the Adsorption Performance of Gum Xanthan/Poly (Acrylic Acid-co-2-(Diethlyamino)ethyl Methacrylate) based Adsorbent Toward Cationic and Anionic Dyes

Abstract This article describes our experimental study in which a series of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs: S-IPN1, S-IPN2, and S-IPN3), based on acrylic acid (AA), 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA), and gum xanthan (GX), were used to remove the dyes methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) from synthetic aqueous solutions. The formation of the semi-IPN hydrogel was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the swelling experiments, the hydrogels showed pH-sensitive behavior and swelled the most and least under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. The MB and CR uptakes were studied using the batch technique, and the effects of various conditions were investigated. According to the data, 0.1 g of the S-IPN3 hydrogel with the highest content of GX had maximum removal efficiencies of 79.33% and 80.47% for the dyes MB and CR, respectively. Freundlich isotherm and a pseudo-second order kinetic model best explained the equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of the dyes, respectively. The prepared semi-IPN gels also showed high regeneration performance for the cationic dye MB during four consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles.
Quasiconformal mappings with Sobolev boundary values

We consider quasiconformal mappings in the upper half space R + of R , n ≥ 2, whose almost everywhere defined trace in R has distributional differential in L(R). We give both geometric and analytic characterizations for this possibility, resembling the situation in the classical Hardy space H. More generally, we consider certain positive functions defined on R + , called conformal densities. These densities mimic the averaged derivatives of quasiconformal mappings, and we prove analogous trace theorems for them. The abstract approach of general conformal densities sheds new light to the mapping case as well.
Special values of the spectral zeta function of the non-commutative harmonic oscillator and confluent heun equations

We study the special values at s = 2 and 3 of the spectral zeta function ζQ(s) of the non-commutative harmonic oscillator Q(x, Dx) introduced in A. Parmeggiani and M. Wakayama (Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001), 26-31; Forum Math. 14 (2002), 539-604). It is shown that the series defining ζQ(s) converges absolutely for Re s > 1 and further the respective values ζQ(2) and ζQ(3) are represented essentially by contour integrals of the solutions, respectively, of a singly confluent Heun ordinary differential equation and of exactly the same but an inhomogeneous equation. As a by-product of these results, we obtain integral representations of the solutions of these equations by rational functions.
Stress-Induced Angular Momentum Quenching in MgO: Fe 2+ as Observed by Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Under the influence of a suitable uniaxial stress, the quenching of the electronic angular momentum of the low-lying threefold degenerate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{5g}$ level of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ in cubic MgO has been observed by M\"ossbauer spectroscopy. The result is consistent with Ham's model for the appearance of a quadrupole doublet at low temperatures. A value for the strain coefficient of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ in MgO has been obtained: ${G}_{11}=585$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Thermal Conductivity of SiC Calculated by Molecular Dynamics

We calculated the thermal conductivity of SiC by molecular dynamics simulation and investigated the effects of impurities on the thermal conductivity of SiC. We used Tersoff potential to express the structure of a SiC crystal. Thermal conductivity was obtained using Green–Kubo's equation. The results show that the thermal conductivities of perfect 2H-, 3C-, 4H-, and 6H-SiC polytypes were in the range of 260 to 420 W/(m·K) and that the thermal conductivity of 3C-SiC was the largest among the polytypes. The thermal conductivities of 4H-SiC decreased with an increase in impurity concentration above 1.0×1017 to 1.0×1018 1/cm3.
Analysing the acceptance of autonomous buses in real-life traffic environments: pilot project with tourists in Malaga, Spain

ABSTRACT Despite the significant technological progress with Autonomous Buses (ABs), there is still a limited understanding how users perceive and experience large, mass transit ABs in real-life traffic environments. This paper follows a pilot project on AB use by tourists in the city of Malaga, Spain. Discrete choice analysis was employed to study their willingness to use the AB and the passengers’ actual satisfaction on board the AB. The obtained results reveal higher willingness levels to adopt ABs among individuals more open to new technologies and more environmentally conscious. Higher levels of satisfaction on board are reported by older passengers, women, employed, private vehicle users, and people with environmental consciousness and openness to new technologies. Finally, the research discusses how socio-demographics and personality-related barriers affect the further implementation of autonomous mobility in public transportation systems, adding new reflections on the capacity of ABs to support or even replace conventional buses.
Neural network constitutive modelling for non‐linear characterization of anisotropic materials

This paper presents a new technique of neural network constitutive modelling for non‐linear characterization of anisotropic materials. The proposed technique, based on a recently developed energy‐based characterization framework, derives the variations of the external work applied to and the strain energy induced in a specimen. The error between the variations of the energies is subsequently applied to correct the neural network properties by using a modified backpropagation algorithm. Unlike the conventional techniques for neural network constitutive modelling, the proposed technique develops models by quantifying the deformation of the specimen on a continuum basis. This allows the neural network constitutive models to be constructed from a single load test of one specimen. Numerical examples first examine the effect of specimen geometries and loading conditions. The effect of noise in the experimental measurements is subsequently investigated while having the applicability for non‐linear constitutive behaviour shown thereafter. The application for anisotropic materials is finally demonstrated by modelling a unidirectional lamina based on the measurements of a biaxial load test on a balanced laminate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.