Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MHD stability of sheet equilibria relevant for quiescent prominences

We consider a special class of MHD equilibria and analyze their stability against arbitrary MHD perturbations by using the MHD energy principle. These equilibria are shown to be stable. A particular member of this class of equilibria corresponds to the prominence model of Kippenhahn and Schlueter.
Wearable EEG-Based Cognitive Load Classification by Personalized and Generalized Model Using Brain Asymmetry

: EEG measures have become prominent with the increasing popularity of non-invasive, portable EEG sensors for neuro-physiological measures to assess cognitive load. In this paper, utilizing a four-channel wearable EEG device, the brain activity data from eleven participants were recorded while watching a relaxation video and performing three cognitive load tasks. The data was pre-processed using outlier rejection based on a movement filter, spectral filtering, common average referencing, and normalization. Four frequency-domain feature sets were extracted from 30-second windows encompassing the power of δ , θ , α , β and γ frequency bands, the respective ratios, and the asymmetry features of each band. A personalized and generalized model was built for the binary classification between the relaxation and cognitive load tasks and self-reported labels. The asymmetry feature set outperformed the band ratio feature sets with a mean classification accuracy of 81.7% for the personalized model and 78% for the generalized model. A similar result for the models from the self-reported labels necessitates utilizing asymmetry features for cognitive load classification. Extracting high-level features from asymmetry features in the future may surpass the performance. Moreover, the better performance of the personalized model leads to future work to update pre-trained generalized models on personal data.
Is It Really Robust

Empirical evidence to the robustness of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) concerning violation of the normality assumption is presented by means of Monte Carlo methods. High-quality samples underlying normally, rectangularly, and exponentially distributed basic populations are created by drawing samples which consist of random numbers from respective generators, checking their goodness of fit, and allowing only the best 10% to take part in the investigation. A one-way fixed-effect design with three groups of 25 values each is chosen. Effect-sizes are implemented in the samples and varied over a broad range. Comparing the outcomes of the ANOVA calculations for the different types of distributions, gives reason to regard the ANOVA as robust. Both, the empirical type I error α and the empirical type II error β remain constant under violation. Moreover, regression analysis identifies the factor “type of distribution” as not significant in explanation of the ANOVA results.
Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Utilization and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Initiating Single-Inhaler Long-Acting β2-Agonist/Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist Dual Therapy in Primary Care in England

Purpose Selection of treatments for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may impact clinical outcomes, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and direct healthcare costs. We aimed to characterize these outcomes along with treatment patterns, for patients with COPD following initiation of single-inhaler long-acting muscarinic antagonist/long-acting β2-agonist (LAMA/LABA) dual therapy in the primary care setting in England. Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study used linked primary care electronic medical record data (Clinical Practice Research Datalink-Aurum) and secondary care administrative data (Hospital Episode Statistics) in England to assess outcomes for patients with COPD who had a prescription for one of four single-inhaler LAMA/LABA dual therapies between 1st June 2015–31st December 2018 (indexing period). Outcomes were assessed during a 12-month follow-up period from the index date (date of earliest prescription of a single-inhaler LAMA/LABA within the indexing period). Incident users were those without previous LAMA/LABA dual therapy prescriptions prior to index; this manuscript focuses on a subset of incident users: non-triple therapy users (patients without concomitant inhaled corticosteroid use at index). Results Of 10,991 incident users included, 9888 (90.0%) were non-triple therapy users, indexed on umeclidinium/vilanterol (n=4805), aclidinium/formoterol (n=2109), indacaterol/glycopyrronium (n=1785) and tiotropium/olodaterol (n=1189). At 3 months post-index, 63.3% of non-triple therapy users remained on a single-inhaler LAMA/LABA, and 22.1% had discontinued inhaled therapy. Most patients (86.9%) required general practitioner consultations in the first 3 months post-index. Inpatient stays were the biggest contributor to healthcare costs. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs), adherence, time-to-triple therapy, time-to-first on-treatment moderate-to-severe AECOPD, time-to-index treatment discontinuation, HCRU and healthcare costs were similar across indexed therapies. Conclusion Patients initiating treatment with single-inhaler LAMA/LABA in primary care in England were unlikely to switch treatments in the first three months following initiation, but some may discontinue respiratory medication. Outcomes were similar across indexed treatments.
On long-term predictions of the maximum sunspot numbers of solar cycles 21 to 23

We have collected a set of predicted values of maximum sunspot numbers of solar cycles 22 and 23 published in the literature and examined the characteristics of predictions made by various methods. The precursor methods are found to be always superior to other prediction methods. The maximum sunspot number of solar cycle 23 is here inferred to be about 162.
Wave propagation in random media

This paper discusses a general theory of wave propagation through a random medium whose random inhomogeneities are confined to small deviations from the mean. The theory is initially worked out in detail for the propagation of transverse waves along an infinite stretched string whose density is a random function of position. The manner in which the mean wave profile is modified by scattering from the density inhomogeneities is discussed in great detail, with particular emphasis on physical interpretation. The general theory of wave propagation in arbitrary dispersive or non-dispersive media is then discussed, and it is shown how the theory may be extended to wave propagation problems involving scattering from rough boundaries.
Microresonator array for high-resolution spectroscopy.

We investigated the properties of an array of spherical microresonators used as a miniaturized high-resolution spectroscopic device. Sixteen spherical microspheres made from polymethyl methacrylate were placed on a microscope slide serving as an optical wave guide. Light of a tunable narrowband laser source was coupled into this slide so that an evanescent wave was excited on the topside of the slide, where the resonators were placed. This evanescent field generated a particular intensity pattern in the array that depended sensitively on the wavelength. After calibration, that pattern was recorded by a CCD camera and used to identify the wavelength with a resolution of R∼λ/Δλ=7×104.
Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate-Releasing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Foamed Poly(L-Lactide-Co-epsilon-Caprolactone) Scaffolds Support Urothelial Cell Growth and Enhance Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Proliferation and Collagen Production

Tissue engineering can provide a novel approach for the reconstruction of large urethral defects, which currently lacks optimal repair methods. Cell-seeded scaffolds aim to prevent urethral stricture and scarring, as effective urothelium and stromal tissue regeneration is important in urethral repair. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of the novel porous ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (A2P)-releasing supercritical carbon dioxide-foamed poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds (scPLCLA2P) on the viability, proliferation, phenotype maintenance, and collagen production of human urothelial cell (hUC) and human adipose-derived stromal cell (hASC) mono- and cocultures. The scPLCLA2P scaffold supported hUC growth and phenotype both in monoculture and in coculture. In monocultures, the proliferation and collagen production of hASCs were significantly increased on the scPLCLA2P compared to scPLCL scaffolds without A2P, on which the hASCs formed nonproliferating cell clusters. Our findings suggest the A2P-releasing scPLCLA2P to be a promising material for urethral tissue engineering.
The evolution of horizontal-branch stars: Theoretical sequences

A new grid of standard (i.e., solar CNO/Fe, no core rotation, and including semiconvection) horizontal-branch evolutionary sequences are presented which extend the grid of Sweigart both by including the final phase of core helium exhaustion and by using a finer grid of compositions. These sequences were constructed specifically for the studies of the Sandage period-shift effect and the second parameter phenomenon among the Galactic globular clusters. The numerical results for the observable characteristics of the sequences are tabulated which can be directly used to synthesize the observed horizontal-branch distributions. The present computations suggest that the observed difference in period change of RR Lyrae stars in the globular clusters M3 and M15 could be attributed, at least in the mean, to stellar evolution. 29 refs.
Evanescent-field coupling between two parallel long-period fiber gratings

We have demonstrated experimentally the phenomenon of evanescent-field coupling between two parallel long period fibre gratings (LPFGs). Significant light energy can be tapped from a single-mode fiber using this coupling mechanism. It could form the basis of various kinds of wavelength-dependent devices, such as add/drop multiplexers and couplers. Tunability could be achieved conveniently by control of the coupling efficiency through varying the grating separation band offset.
Field Fragmentation of Macroscopic Targets Simulating Asteroidal Catastrophic Collisions

We report the results from a series of experiments in which spherical macroscopic targets of artificial rock were disrupted using contact charges, and concentrate on the detailed analysis of four tests. The experiments were performed in the open, so we have been able to identify the shape and measure the sizes of fragments from the primary fragmentation event and to record the uninterrupted ballistic trajectories of the fragments. The targets were spheres of about 21 cm in diameter, two of them with stronger cores. From the recorded distribution of fragments on the ground, and using fast framing photography and our own image processing computer system, it has been possible to obtain the mass, shape, velocity, and angular velocity for several hundred fragments and from these to deduce the corresponding statistical distributions, as well as information concerning the geometry of the ejection velocity field and the correlations between different fragment properties. Most results compare satisfactorily with the predictions of the numerical model by Paolicchi et al. (Icarus 77, 187-212 (1989); Celest. Mech. 57, 49-56 (1993)). The presence of a core inside the target is found to influence the dynamics of the fragmentation process and the resulting velocity field, albeit not the fragment size distribution. The experimental fragments share some observed statistical properties of the asteroid families, in particular the higher dispersions of ejection velocity and rotation rate for smaller bodies.
The Naini Tal { Cape survey for pulsations in chemically peculiar A-type stars I. Methods and preliminary results

A new survey for pulsating, chemically peculiar A- and F-type stars in the northern hemisphere has been initiated using the 1-m telescope at Uttar Pradesh State Observatory in Naini Tal. The survey is primarily structured to reveal high-overtone pulsations in chemically peculiar A{F stars, but it is also revealing low-overtone Scuti-type pulsations in stars with peculiar colours. This paper describes the scope and methods of the survey. Preliminary observations of 28 candidate stars are presented and the discovery of three new pulsators, HD 12098, HD 13038 and HD 13079, is announced. Null results for the remaining 25 stars are also discussed.
Determinants of Child Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight: Evidence from 2017 to 2018 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey

Child malnutrition persists in low-resource countries such as Pakistan, indicating an urgent need for interventions and policies aimed to address this critical population health issue. The World Health Organization Global Target 2025 includes the reduction of malnourishment in the form of stunting, wasting, and low weight. This study aims to examine the prevalence of factors associated with three measures of child malnutrition, i.e., stunting, wasting, and low weight in Pakistan. This study uses a secondary data analysis design based on data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) that used a two-stage cluster sampling approach. National level data covering urban and rural areas were used for this study consisting of 4,226 children less than 5 years of age. Univariate and multivariable analyses using logistic regression models were conducted. Over 23% of the children were underweight, 8.0% suffered wasting, and 37.7% were stunted. Children with small size at birth (<45.7 cm), those who were average in size (45.7 to 60 cm) at birth were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.4890) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children with large size at birth (>60 cm) were also less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.288) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children who consumed fresh milk were less likely to be classified as wasted (AOR, 0.524) than those children who did not consume fresh milk. The children in high- and middle-economic status families were less likely to be stunted, underweight, or wasted. Children of mothers who had secondary and higher education were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.584) and were less likely to be underweight (AOR, 0.668) than illiterate mothers' children. Children of working mothers were less likely to be wasted compared to children of nonworking mothers (AOR, 0.287). Maternal BMI is also inversely associated with being underweight because overweight and obese mothers were less likely to have underweight children (AOR, 0.585). Our findings reflect a need to design targeted public health policies and community-based education that emphasize the mother's education on nutrition health and provide socioeconomic resources that enable mothers to provide dietary needs that prevent malnutrition.
Nonparametric Regression and Generalized Linear Models: A roughness penalty approach

Preface. Introduction. Approaches to Regression. Roughness Penalties. Extensions of the Roughness Penalty Approach. Computing the Estimates. Further Reading. Interpolating and Smoothing Splines. One-Dimensional Case: Further Topics. Partial Splines. Generalized Linear Models. Extending the Model. Thin Plate Splines. Available Software. Reference. Author Index. Subject Index.
A STOKESIAN ENTRY FLOW

The problem considered is that of the two-dimensional Stokes flow in the region y>−1 due to a straight wall moving in the negative x-direction with uniform speed U 0 , in the presence of a rigidly held thin barrier at y=0, x<0. It is shown that this problem can be reduced to solving the differential-difference equation W(s−i)-W(s+i)+2i(1+e πs ) −1 W'(s+i)=−U 0 for real s, where W(ζ) is an analytic function in the strip |I(ζ)|<1 which satisfies certain conditions as |ζ|→∞ in the strip
Stable perturbation in Banach algebras

Abstract Let be a unital Banach algebra. Assume that a has a generalized inverse a+. Then is said to be a stable perturbation of a if . In this paper we give various conditions for stable perturbation of a generalized invertible element and show that the equation is closely related to the gap function . These results will be applied to error estimates for perturbations of the Moore-Penrose inverse in C*–algebras and the Drazin inverse in Banach algebras.
Magnetic field calculation for arbitrarily shaped planar wires

It is common to use the Biot–Savart law as a tool to explicitly calculate the magnetic field due to currents flowing in simply shaped wires such as circular loops and straight lines. In this work, by using the Biot–Savart law and its inherent geometric properties, we derive a very simple integral expression that allows a straightforward computation of the magnetic field due to arbitrarily shaped planar current-carrying wires, at a point that lies in the same plane as the current filament. Such an expression is conveniently written in terms of the wire’s shape r=r(θ). We illustrate the usefulness of our result by calculating the magnetic field at specific points in the wire’s plane due to currents flowing in conic curves, spirals, and harmonically deformed circular circuits. Relevant asymptotic behavior is calculated in various limits of interest.
Stability of the unsteady viscous flow in a curved pipe

The linear stability of the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid through a curved pipe of circular cross-section is considered. There is a sinusoidal pressure gradient, with zero mean, acting down the pipe. The flow is shown to be unstable to a Taylor-Görtler mode of instability, with vortices aligned with the basic flow first appearing at the outer bend of the pipe when a critical value of the Taylor number is exceeded. A WKBJ perturbation solution is constructed and the form of the vortex amplitude is determined. This solution is found to break down in the vicinity of the pipe's outer bend, and an inner solution is presented to overcome this. The solution is determined by identifying a saddle point in the complex plane of the cross-sectional angle coordinate. This leads to an eigenvalue problem for the Taylor number, for fixed wavenumber and cross-sectional angle coordinate, which in turn leads to the determination of the critical Taylor number above which instability sets in.
Size-dependent photoluminescence from surface-oxidized Si nanocrystals in a weak confinement regime

Photoluminescence (PL) from surface-oxidized Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) was studied as a function of the size. The size of nc-Si was comparable with or larger than the Bohr radius of free excitons in bulk Si crystal (5 nm). In contrast to smaller surface-oxidized nc-Si (typically as small as a few nanometers in diameter), these relatively large nc-Si exhibited PL properties with strong size dependence. A high-energy shift of the PL peak from the vicinity of the bulk band gap to the visible region was observed. This PL shift was accompanied by a shortening of the PL lifetime and an increase in the exchange splitting energy of excitons. These size dependences indicate that the PL originates from the recombination of excitons confined in nc-Si. The differences in the PL properties between H-terminated and surface-oxidized nc-Si are also discussed.
The Influence of Job Training, Work Competency, and Job Evaluation on Employee Performance at PT. BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda

This study aims to determine partially or simultaneously namely the independent variables of Job Training, Job Competence, and Job Evaluation with dependent variable Employee Performance at PT. BPR Bank Jombang Perseroda. The method in this study uses the validity test, test reliability and classical assumption test, data analysis was performed by Regression Analysis Multiple Linear and Determination Coefficient Analysis (R²), while technique hypothesis testing using the t test and F test. Job Training partially positive and significant to Employee Performance, Work Competence partially positive but not significant effect on employee performance, research Job Evaluation partially has a positive and significant effect on performance Employee. F test or Simultaneously the variables of Job Training, Work Competency, and Job Evaluation have an effect significant to Employee Performance.
Determinant evaluations for binary circulant matrices

Abstract Determinant formulas for special binary circulant matrices are derived and a new open problemregarding the possible determinant values of these specific circulant matrices is stated. The ideas used forthe proofs can be utilized to obtain more determinant formulas for other binary circulant matrices, too. Thesuperiority of the proposed approach over the standard method for calculating the determinant of a generalcirculant matrix is demonstrated.
Multichannel study of spin-exchange and hyperfine-induced frequency shift and line broadening in cold collisions of hydrogen atoms

We calculate the cross sections that characterize the frequency shift and broadening of the resonance magnetic hyperfine transition in atomic hydrogen due to collisions with hydrogen atoms in a masing cavity. We consider collision energies that correspond to the temperature range, 10 mK<T<1000 K, and introduce and apply a fully quantal, multichannel collision theory for the entire temperature range under consideration. Our results for the spin-exchange induced cross sections at room temperature, are in harmony with previous calculated values and experimental measurements. For the hyperfine-induced cross sections, our predicted values are in fair agreement with measurements at cryogenic temperatures with the exception of the hyperfine frequency shift at 0.5 K and 323 K for which we obtain a different sign. A study of possible resonance structures shows that they cannot be invoked to resolve the discrepancy and nor can any plausible modification of the X{sup 1}{sigma}{sub g}{sup +} and b{sup 3}{sigma}{sub u}{sup +} interaction potentials.
Experimental Investigation of Jute Fabric / Nano-SiO2 Reinforced Epoxy Composite

ABSTRACT The effect of Nano-SiO2 powder on the mechanical behavior of a jute fabric/epoxy composite has been investigated experimentally. Due to qualities like biodegradability, strength, light weight, and affordability, composites are preferred for static and dynamic applications. Nano – SiO2 powder size of 15 nm was used as a filler material. Hand lay-up techniques were used to develop the composites, which had filler contents of 2%, 3%, and 5% Nano – SiO2 by weight of the epoxy resin. Tensile, Impact, Wear, Moisture Absorption, and Thermo – Gravimetric Analysis were used to characterize the mechanical properties of the composites. The results reveal that the jute/epoxy composite is significantly improved by the hybridization process using fillers. The maximum improvement in the composite’s tensile (44.09 MPa), impact (4 joules), wear, moisture absorption (0.5–4%), and thermos-gravimetric (2.96%) properties is achieved when 2 wt. % of nano-SiO2 is added.
X-Ray Emission from the Starburst Galaxy IC 342

Multiple supernovae in starburst galaxies should produce a hot gas bubble that evolves through stages with distinctive X-ray signatures. We obtained X-ray observations of IC 342 with the ROSAT High Resolution Imager and find both diffuse and point source X-ray emission from the central region with a luminosity of 1.5×10 39 ergs s -1 . The diffuse emission has a diameter of 400 pc, a hot gas density of 0.2 cm -3 , and a pressure of ∼10 6 K cm -3 . The X-ray size and shape are similar to that seen at 1.4 GHz and in Hα but unlike the prominent molecular bar