Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Miniaturized Polarization Insensitive Frequency Selective Surface at Ka-band

A wideband miniaturized frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed at Ka-band. Passband FSSs have largely been studied in recent years however, still higher periodicity, high profile (due to the thicker substrate) and less bandwidth are the most common issues. In this paper, we investigate a novel miniaturized FSS consisting of two metallic layers, separated by a thin dielectric substrate that works as a spatial version of a single passband microwave filter. Patch layer is slotted to increase the capacitance whereas the ground layer has a cross loop aperture for better coupling. Numerical simulations demonstrate that proposed design exhibits a passband resonating at 28.7 GHz with 3dB bandwidth of 8.19GHz from 26.11 to 34.3GHz at normal incidence angle. Since the geometry is symmetric with minuscule array size, proposed FSS structure shows stability for both polarizations and with higher incidence angles (up to 30°).
Broadband Quadrature Hybrid for Image Rejection in Millimeter-wave Receivers

This paper presents the design architecture of millimeter-wave receiver in which the un-desired image frequency band can be rejected at the IF stage using broadband quadrature hybrid. This scheme requires quadrature de-modulation/ down-conversion of the received signal at the front end; followed by quadrature hybrid at IF stage. The image rejection ratio (IRR) depends on the amplitude imbalance and phase imbalance of this quadrature hybrid. The design of C-Band broadband quadrature hybrid; based on 3-stage micro-strip cascaded branch-line topology; has been proposed for this receiver. The proposed broadband quadrature hybrid exhibits 66 % fractional bandwidth corresponding to measured amplitude balance of better than ±0.85 dB, phase imbalance better than 3 degrees, return loss and isolation better than 15 dB, in the frequency range (4-8 GHz). This quadrature hybrid shows tight 3-dB quadrature coupling response in much wider band; as compared to earlier published design schemes, to the best of our knowledge. This quadrature hybrid integrated in the proposed millimeter wave receiver (32-36 GHz) achieved IRR better than 20 dB in the whole frequency band.
Stock Market Trend Prediction Using High-Order Information of Time Series

Given a financial time series such as $S\&P~500$ , or any historical data in stock markets, how can we obtain useful information from recent transaction data to predict the ups and downs at the next moment? Recent work on this issue shows initial evidence that machine learning techniques are capable of identifying (non-linear) dependency in the stock market price sequences. However, due to the high volatility and non-stationary nature of the stock market, forecasting the trend of a financial time series remains a big challenge. In this paper, we introduced a new method to simplify noisy-filled financial temporal series via sequence reconstruction by leveraging motifs (frequent patterns), and then utilize a convolutional neural network to capture spatial structure of time series. The experimental results show the efficiency of our proposed method in feature learning and outperformance with 4%–7% accuracy improvement compared with the traditional signal process methods and frequency trading patterns modeling approach with deep learning in stock trend prediction.
Performance Comparison of NARX & RNN-LSTM Neural Networks for LiFePO4 Battery State of Charge Estimation

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of NARX network and an improved RNN with LSTM artificial neural networks to estimate the SOC of LiFePO4 batteries used in EVs, HEVs, UAVs, UUVs and energy storage systems for power electronics and solar power systems. Due to unequal self-discharge rates, difference in current leakage and temperature under repeated charge discharge cycles of the battery pack, made by series and parallel combinations of different cells to increase the power rating for different applications, the SOC of each battery cell mismatched with respect to others. Therefore, an accurate estimation of SOC is required for optimal power use of Li-Ion battery pack.In this research two neural network models for SOC estimation of LiFePO4 batteries are designed and their performance is evaluated on different parameters. These models are trained by optimal selection of hyper parameters using real time data of voltage, current and battery pack temperature as input and SOC as output of the models. The input dataset has been preprocessed as multivariate time series forecasting problem for RNN-LSTM neural network.The tested results showed that accurate results with an RMSE lower than 0.001 is achieved in NARX and lower than 0.002 is achieved in RNN-LSTM at different test datasets. However, RNN-LSTM has better performance than NARX in multivariate time series in seq2seq future forecasting configuration with an RMSE lower than 0.003 at different test datasets with a temperature range of 5 to 25°C.
E-Government Documents Authentication and Security by Utilizing Video Crypto-Steganography

In our daily lives, the advances of new technology can be used to sustain the development of people across the globe. Particularly, e-government can be the dynamo of the development for the people. The development of technology and the rapid growth in the use of internet creates a big challenge in the administration in both the public and the private sector. E-government is a vital accomplishment, whereas the security is the main downside which occurs in each e-government process. E-government has to be secure as technology grows and the users have to follow the procedures to make their own transactions safe. This paper tackles the challenges and obstacles to enhance the security of information in e-government. Hence to achieve security data hiding techniques are found to be trustworthy. Reversible data hiding (RDH) is an emerging technique which helps in retaining the quality of the cover image. Hence it is preferred over the traditional data hiding techniques. Modification in the existing algorithm is performed for image encryption scheme and data hiding scheme in order to improve the results. To achieve this secret data is split into 20 parts and data concealing is performed on each part. The data hiding procedure includes embedding of data into least significant nibble of the cover image. The bits are further equally distributed in the cover image to obtain the key security parameters. Hence the obtained results validate that the proposed scheme is better than the existing schemes.
基于手性 D -氨基酸的毒理性对转基因食品安全性的研究

转基因食品安全性是国内外广泛关注与争议的问题之一. 根据“实质等同性”原则, 本文基于手性 D -氨基酸(DAA)形成机制对抗除草剂草甘膦和抗虫Bt蛋白转基因的食品安全性进行了风险评估. 与传统非转基因作物相比, 除草剂草甘膦或Bt蛋白由于具有较强的金属络合能力, 因此在本质上促使土壤中金属离子较多地进入转基因作物体内, 然后诱导 D -海因酶的活性增加从而产生更多的DAA. 体外研究发现, DAA、 D -氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)和亚铁离子(Fe 2+ )同时存在时, 将损伤DNA、 L -抗坏血酸(V C )和生育酚(V E )等. 而DAA在DAAO存在下产生的H 2 O 2 也可诱导损伤V C . 在有机相与水相界面, V E 能够将Fe 3+ 还原为Fe 2+ , Fe 2+ 与DAA、DAAO一起产生的·OH也可损伤DNA. 细胞实验表明, 相比于 L -氨基酸(LAA), DAA能够明显抑制细胞生长. 因此, 即使不考虑转基因食品中相对高含量的草甘膦或Bt蛋白、重金属离子的生物安全性, 仅从DAA在转基因食品中的客观相对高的含量及其诱导损伤DNA、V C 和V E 的毒理性效应考虑, 转基因食品和传统食品的成分不实质等同, 自然其安全性也不实质等同.
A Second-Order Bandpass  $\Delta\Sigma$  Time-to-Digital Converter With Negative Time-Mode Feedback

This paper presents an all-digital bandpass <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta\Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> time-to-digital converter (BP)<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>TDC) for IF data conversion. The proposed TDC is based on a second-order resonator implemented by a cascade of two time-mode lossless discrete integrators (LDI), and a digital-to-time converter (DTC) in a feedback loop. The DTC is based on a new topology of double-edge voltage-controlled delay unit. The proposed TDC achieves bandpass quantization noise shaping and it does not require any complex calibration circuit to compensate for timing errors. To realize the time-mode LDI-based resonator, time-latches with some digital gates are employed. Moreover, a direct feed-forward compensation is utilized in the TDC to attain high signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) by reducing the internal time-mode swing, thus relaxing the speed and area requirements on digital circuits leading to low-voltage operation. The prototype BP<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>TDC achieves a 39.5-dB peak SNDR over a 0.2 MHz signal bandwidth at 42.8 MS/s while consuming less than 5 mW in a 1.2 V IBM 130-nm CMOS process. The proposed TDC is highly digital and occupies a core area of only 0.048 mm<sup>2</sup>.
Effects of ZrO2/Al2O3 Gate-Stack on the Performance of Planar-Type InGaAs TFET

We investigate the impact of gate-stack engineering using W/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on the performance of planar-type InGaAs tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs). It is shown that 1-nm-thick capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) with low leakage current is achieved by using ZrO<sub>2</sub> with the dielectric constant of around 40 on In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As. On the other hand, the reduction of D<sub>it</sub> by insertion of ALD 1–5 cycle Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interfacial layers (ILs) is found to be mandatory for obtaining TFET performance enhancement. The planar-type InGaAs TFETs using the ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> IL gate-stack with CET of 1 nm exhibit the minimum subthreshold swing (S.<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}_{\min }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 55 mV/dec and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.88~\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}= \text {0.5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {D}}= \text {0.2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}= \text {10}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pA/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, the ZrO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> IL gate-stack is applied to the optimized In<sub>0.75</sub>Ga<sub>0.25</sub>As quantum well (QW) channel TFETs. The low S. <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{S}_{\min }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 50 mV/dec and high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.2~\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}= \text {0.5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {D}}= \text {0.2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}= \text {10}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pA/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and CET = 1.1 nm) are demonstrated by combing the present ZrO<sub>2</sub>-based gate-stack with the optimum In<sub>0.75</sub>Ga<sub>0.25</sub>As QW channel structure.
A Review on the Evolution of Cellular Technologies

This paper deal with the comparative analysis of cellular technologies from 1st generation (1G) to 5th generation (5G). Nowadays 3G offers high data rates, improved communication links by restraining the noise interference and provides multimedia services in addition to video calling and quality of service (QoS). Similarly, 4G systems provide better services. In addition to HD video calling, high dates throughput, better QoS, streaming online gaming services are the key features. Now the cellular technology enters in 5th generation (5G) which is typically based on 4G network. Hence, 5G cellular infrastructure eager to design for users to offer FHD video calling, fast and reliable communication services, IOT, advancement in online secure banking etc.In this paper, the goal is to address technology standards, data rates and frequencies to express the evolution of mobile cellular technologies and their progression over the years.
Service Multiplexing and Revenue Maximization in Sliced C-RAN Incorporated With URLLC and Multicast eMBB

The fifth generation (5G) wireless system aims to differentiate its services based on different application scenarios. Instead of constructing different physical networks to support each application, radio access network (RAN) slicing is deemed as a prospective solution to help operate multiple logical separated wireless networks in a single physical network. In this paper, we incorporate two typical 5G services, i.e., enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), in a cloud RAN (C-RAN), which is suitable for RAN slicing due to its high flexibility. In particular, for eMBB, we make use of multicasting to improve the throughput, and for URLLC, we leverage the finite blocklength capacity to capture the delay accurately. We envision that there will be many slice requests for each of these two services. Accepting a slice request means a certain amount of revenue (consists of long-term revenue and shot-term revenue) is earned by the C-RAN operator. Our objective is to maximize the C-RAN operator’s revenue by properly admitting the slice requests, subject to the limited physical resource constraints. We formulate the revenue maximization problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming and exploit efficient approaches to solve it, such as successive convex approximation and semidefinite relaxation. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm significantly saves system power consumption and receives the near-optimal revenue with an acceptable time complexity.
How to Make Swarms Open-Ended? Evolving Collective Intelligence Through a Constricted Exploration of Adjacent Possibles

We propose an approach to open-ended evolution via the simulation of swarm dynamics. In nature, swarms possess remarkable properties, which allow many organisms, from swarming bacteria to ants and flocking birds, to form higher-order structures that enhance their behavior as a group. Swarm simulations highlight three important factors to create novelty and diversity: (a) communication generates combinatorial cooperative dynamics, (b) concurrency allows for separation of time scales, and (c) complexity and size increases push the system towards transitions in innovation. We illustrate these three components in a model computing the continuous evolution of a swarm of agents. The results, divided into three distinct applications, show how emergent structures are capable of filtering information through the bottleneck of their memory, to produce meaningful novelty and diversity within their simulated environment.
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND GROWTH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Dynamic panel estimates of economic growth using standard measurements of GDP per capita are compared to estimates of a model of growth in the Human Development Index (HDI) developed by the United Nations. The only independent variables that are found to be significantly related to growth in HDI are population, population growth, and the initial level of GDP. The differences in the two models cannot be simply explained as HDI measuring the same effect as GDP. Restricting the sample to only developing countries and estimating the model using the HDI rank order of countries does not significantly alter the results.
A Novel MTJ-Based Non-Volatile Ternary Content-Addressable Memory for High-Speed, Low-Power, and High-Reliable Search Operation

Recently, several magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based non-volatile ternary content-addressable memory (NV-TCAM) cells have been proposed to realize zero standby power. However, they still suffer from low reliability and high power consumption during search operations. To address these issues, we propose a novel MTJ-based NV-TCAM cell, which is composed of 15 transistors and 4 MTJs (15T-4MTJ). By utilizing the differential MTJs with complementary states and positive feedback of cross-coupled inverters for sensing, the proposed 15T-4MTJ NV-TCAM cell can significantly improve the search reliability. Moreover, owing to that there is no static current during search operations, only dynamic charging and discharging current, it can achieve ultra-low power consumption. In addition, by using only one transistor as the critical path between the match-line and GND, its switch delay can be shortened, thereby realizing high-speed search operations. Hybrid CMOS/MTJ simulation results of the 144-bit word circuit show that the proposed 15T-4MTJ NV-TCAM cell can obtain a smaller search error rate of 2.7%, a higher search speed of 0.17 ns, and a lower search energy of 0.17 fJ/bit/search in comparison with other MTJ-based NV-TCAM cells. On the other hand, its write energy of 1.589 pJ/bit is about $3.64\times $ smaller than that of the previously proposed 10T-4MTJ NV-TCAM cell.
Time Shifted Pilots Scheme for Full-Duplex Massive MIMO Systems

In this paper, a cocktail approach is proposed to delicately integrate the two conventional countermeasures, i.e., the fractional pilot reuse and time-shifted pilots (TSP) schemes, for the pilot contamination problem in the full-duplex massive multiple-input multiple-output system. Specifically, the TSP scheme is applied to duplicate for the inner and edge regions of a cell such that the number of accommodated users can be doubled. To achieve this, the base station should operate in the full-duplex mode; also, the pilot symbols rather than the pilot sequences are used to attain the user diversity gain. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the numerical analysis and the remarkably boosted sum rate for both the downlink and uplink cases.
Biomarkers of Macrophage Activation and Immune Danger Signals Predict Clinical Outcomes in Alcoholic Hepatitis

Although mortality due to acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) correlates with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores, biomarkers are critically needed to manage this disease. Increases in inflammatory markers and macrophage activation are associated with acute AH and could be potential biomarkers of clinical events and/or mortality. We enrolled 89 clinically diagnosed AH patients in four US academic medical centers. Plasma from AH patients had a significant increase in gut microbial translocation indicators (endotoxin, bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA) and host response indicators (soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [sCD14] and lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP]) compared to controls. Patient MELD score and Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis score (GAHS) correlated with endotoxin levels. AH patients also had a significant increase in high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), a sterile danger signal molecule, and osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional phosphoprotein involved in neutrophil activation, compared to controls. Increased levels of OPN positively correlated with increasing MELD score, GAHS, and LBP levels. Consistent with these results, AH patients had significantly increased circulating levels of macrophage activation (sCD163 and sCD206) markers compared to healthy controls, and sCD163 and sCD206 significantly and positively correlated with OPN, HMGB1, and LBP levels as well as with MELD score and GAHS. These findings indicate a connection between microbial translocation, immune cell activation, and AH severity. Plasma sCD14, OPN, sCD163, and sCD206 levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. In multivariate regression models, we identified sCD14, sCD163, and OPN as independent predictors of 90‐day mortality, infection, and organ failure development, respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that sCD14, LBP, OPN, sCD163, and sCD206 are biomarkers to indicate severity and predict clinical outcomes in AH.
Practical Inner Codes for BATS Codes in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

Batched sparse (BATS) codes are a promising technique for reliable data transmission in multihop wireless networks. A BATS code consists of an outer code and an inner code, the design of which can be separated. In this paper, we investigate the design of the inner code and focus on maximizing the expected batch transfer matrix rank normalized by the total number of packets transmitted by both the source and intermediate nodes. By allowing different recoding decisions at different nodes, the problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming (NLIP) problem, which is non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-hard in general. We derive a noniterative formula to simplify the evaluation of the expected batch transfer matrix rank. By considering large finite fields and relaxing the integer constraints, we obtain an upper bound on the optimal value of the original maximization NLIP problem. We also derive a centralized and a decentralized algorithm to find suboptimal solutions of the NLIP problem, with different tradeoffs between complexity and performance. Numerical results show that our proposed inner codes outperform the standard BATS, and achieve very close to the upper bound, which verifies the near optimality of our algorithms.
An MoS2-Based Piezoelectric FET: A Computational Study of Material Properties and Device Design

In this paper, we show that MoS<sub>2</sub> multilayers have mechanical and electrical properties that qualify them as promising channel materials for an n-type piezoelectric FET (PZ-FET). We present extensive density functional theory calculations to investigate the effects of a compressive, out-of-plane stress on MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayers and multilayers and extract the corresponding stiffness, as well as the sensitivity to stress of the conduction and valence band edge, and of the effective masses. Then, we use these material properties and a top-of-the-barrier ballistic transistor model to evaluate numerically the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\textsf {DS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> versus <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\textsf {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics of n-type PZ-FETs with an MoS<sub>2</sub> channel material. Our results indicate that MoS<sub>2</sub> multilayers are the best material option for n-type PZ-FETs, which can reach a subthreshold swing of about 40 mV/decade for a 5-nm-thick piezoelectric layer. This is because the weak interlayer van der Waals bonding makes the conduction band edge in MoS<sub>2</sub> multilayers very sensitive to vertical compressive stress. The simulated MoS<sub>2</sub> PZ-FETs exhibit large <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratios at low voltage and have better subthreshold steepness compared with the counterpart device employing a 3-D semiconductor.