Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Permeability of earthen liners containing organobentonite to water and two organic liquids

The intrinsic permeabilities of compacted specimens containing sand and bentonite and specimens containing sand, bentonite, and either of two organobentonites (hexadecyltrimethylammonium or benzyltriethylammoniumbentonite) have been measured for three permeant liquids (water, nitrobenzene, and heptane) with dielectric constants ranging from 80.2 to 1.92. When the permeant liquid was changed from water to heptane, the intrinsic permeability of sand/bentonite specimens increased by a factor of about 100. Conversely, when the permeant liquid was changed from water to heptane for sand/bentonite/organobentonite specimens, the intrinsic perme abilities of the specimens showed no significant change. Results of tests for nitrobenzene, which has a dielectric constant intermediate to water and heptane, showed uniformly low permeabilities for all specimens. X-ray diffraction and contact-angle measurements were used to explain these results in terms of the interlayer expansion/compression and the dispersion/flocculat.
Occurrence of Pathogenic Free‐Living Amoebae and Bacterial Indicators in a Constructed Wetland Treating Domestic Wastewater from a Single Household

Constructed wetlands are effective wastewater treatment systems because of their ability to remove large amounts of organic matter and pathogens. The goals of this study were to characterize the presence of pathogenic free‐living amoebae and bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms), and to ascertain the removal efficiencies of physical and chemical pollutants, in a constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater from a single household. Influent and effluent samples were collected monthly over a ten‐month period for biological, physical and chemical analyses. Thirty‐two species of free‐living amoebae were isolated from the system. The genus Acanthamoeba was the most frequently encountered (59 %) and was removed from the wastewater with the greatest efficiency (80 %). Removal of bacteria was low, the highest removal rates were found in August (4 logarithmic units) and January (3 logarithmic units). The average removal efficiencies of suspended solids, BOD5 and ammoniacal nitrogen were 71.5 %, 50.6 % and 13.1 %, respectively. The relatively low removal efficiencies of the various bacteriological, physical and chemical parameters suggest that the hydraulic retention time was probably insufficient for optimal treatment to occur. The effluent quality was unacceptable for unrestricted irrigation of crops that are eaten uncooked.
Screen Printable Electrochemical Capacitors on Flexible Substrates

—This work presents a novel approach for the fabrication of Electrochemical Capacitors (ECs) based on the screen-printing of a commercial carbon-based conductive ink on flexible substrates. This technique enables the fast and cost-effective production of ECs with high flexibility and outstanding performance over bending states and voltage cycling, as demonstrated by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanometric charge-discharge measurements. Despite the fact that the specific areal capacitances achieved are lower than the ones obtained using other carbon-based materials (~22 µF/cm 2 ), the results show that, as soon as new screen-printable carbon-based pastes become available, this fabrication method will enable the mass production of ECs that can be attached to any surface as a conformal patch, as it is being required by a large number of the emerging technological applications.
Hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of long-chain alkanes and polyolefins over metal-promoted anion-modified transition metal oxides

A method of cracking a feedstock by contacting the feedstock with a metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst in the presence of hydrogen gas. The metal oxide of the catalyst is one or more of ZrO2, HfO2, TiO2 and SnO2, and the feedstock is principally chains of at least 20 carbon atoms. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of Pt, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, (Mn & Fe) or mixtures of them present between about 0.2% to about 15% by weight of the catalyst. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of SO4, WO3, or mixtures of them present between about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the catalyst.
Effects of residual and reapplied biosolids on forage and soil concentrations over a grazing season in North Florida. I. Macrominerals, crude protein, and in vitro digestibility

Effects of applications of exceptional quality biosolids (sludge) to bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures in successive years, or residual effects of applications the previous year, on macromineral crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestibility (IVOMD) status of forage and soils in north Florida were studied in relation to beef cattle nutrient requirements. Thirty 0.8 ha pastures were assigned one of 9 treatments representing two sources of biosolids. Biosolids (Baltimore and Tampa) were applied at an “agronomic rate” (X) and 2X. Four of the treatments represented residual applications of the Baltimore and Tampa biosolids which had been applied to pastures as in the previous year. The control plot received NH4NO3. Forages were analyzed for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), crude protein (CP), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and soils were analyzed for Mehlichl extractable Ca, P, Mg, and K. Single (agronomic or twice this) applications, or reapplication of different biosolids slightly improved Ca, P, and K status of some forages. Both Tampa reapplied treatments resulted in forage Ca higher than the control. Although treatment effects were observed for each macromineral, the results were variable among treatments at various sampling times. Little or no difference (P > 0.05) was observed between pairs of residual and reapplied treatments. Forage CP concentrations were high and met beef cattle requirements for all treatments. Forage digestibility was similar for all treatments, with a general decline in digestibility evident at season's end. Soil extractable Ca, P, and Mg concentrations for all treatments were adequate to promote plant growth, while soil K concentrations were marginal or low, depending on treatment and sampling time. In relation to grazing beef cattle requirements, forages from all treatments contained adequate Ca, P, Mg, K, CP, and IVOMD, but were deficient in Na. Many biosolids treated pastures contained excess S, (>0.40%) and were greater (P > 0.05) than controls. In general, results were similar to those observed in the previous year, with reapplication of biosolids having no cumulative effects in most cases, although the soil P levels of some treatments did appear higher in year two. *Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-07561.
Upgrading Bio-oil over Different Solid Catalysts

Solid acid 40SiO2/TiO2−SO42- and solid base 30K2CO3/Al2O3−NaOH were prepared and compared with catalytic esterification activity according to the model reaction. Upgrading bio-oil by solid acid and solid base catalysts in the conditioned experiment was investigated, in which dynamic viscosities of bio-oil was lowered markedly, although 8 months of aging did not show much viscosity to improve its fluidity and enhance its stability positively. Even the dehydration by 3A molecular sieve still kept the fluidity well. The density of upgraded bio-oil was reduced from 1.24 to 0.96 kg/m3, and the gross calorific value increased by 50.7 and 51.8%, respectively. The acidity of upgraded bio-oil was alleviated by the solid base catalyst but intensified by the solid acid catalyst for its strong acidification. The results of gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis showed that the ester reaction in the bio-oil was promoted by both solid acid and solid base catalysts and that the solid acid catalyst converted volat.
Enabling Expert Critique at Scale with Chatbots and Micro Guidance

—Critique is important to improve creative work and help learners of design to grow. The “gold standard” of critique involves in-person discussion with experts who provide feedback. However, scaling expert critique is difficult as experts are scarce, have limited time and privacy concerns. Online alternatives, such as forums, rarely facilitate specialized critique. To enable at scale access to expert critique, we present Micro Apprenticeship Through Tutorials (MATT), a chatbot that micro-guides experts to critique in short bursts of time. This empowers more experts to critique as the activity becomes more accessible to their busy schedules. MATT’s “bot aspect” also provides a mediated form of communication between experts and learners, helping to address experts’ privacy concerns. Additionally, MATT helps to delegate critique work to experts in a way that can match experts’ and learners’ time constraints. We conduct a field experiment comparing MATT to current alternatives. We find that, contrary to other approaches, MATT’s conversational micro-guidance facilitates leading a large number of experts to critique learners’ creative work. We conclude by providing data-backed design implications to empower and facilitate at scale collaborations between experts and learners.
Organic and inorganic phosphorus as characterized by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance in subtropical soils under management systems

The area under no tillage system largely increased in the last decade in southern Brazil. The increase in total phosphorus (P), mainly in the topsoil layer in no-tillage management, is distributed in different inorganic and organic forms. The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique can improve the understanding of the dynamics of phosphorus by identifying the structure of the major groups of this element in soils. This research determined the organic and inorganic phosphorus groups, identified by NMR and by chemical analysis in three subtropical soils under conventional and no-tillage systems. Samples of two soil layers from three long-term experiments located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, were used. The first experiment was set up in 1979, in a very clayey Rhodic Hapludox; the second, in 1983, in a clayey Rhodic Hapludox, and the third, in 1985, in a sandy clay loam Rhodic Paleudult. Total, inorganic, and organic P, biomass-associated and NaHCO3 extracted P were determined by chemical analysis and the NaOH+EDTA extract was submitted to 31P NMR for organic and inorganic determination. There was an overestimation of the organic phosphate content by the ignition method when compared with the NMR in surface-active soils (Hapludoxes). The NMR method allowed a good characterization of organic and inorganic phosphate groups in soils. Inorganic orthophosphate was the dominant P form; the organic P portion was higher in the low surface-active (Paleudult) soil, with a dominance of monoester over diester P, independently of soil type, tillage, or depth. A significant positive correlation was found between diester and microbial biomass P content.
Ultrasonic Extraction–Ozonation Sequential Sample Treatment for the Determination of Arsenic in Environmental Certified Reference Materials by Hydride Generation–Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

Abstract A sample pretreatment method based on ultrasound‐assisted extraction followed by ozonation is developed for sensitive determination of total As in biological and environmental certified reference materials and an unknown plant sample (Acacia dealbata) by flow injection and continuous‐flow hydride generation–atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The method is meant to minimize the use of corrosive and oxidizing acids for sample decomposition and common errors in trace analysis. Problems derived from introduction of sonicated extracts in continuous flow and flow injection manifolds in combination with an atomic fluorescence detector, such as excessive foaming and flame instability, are addressed. The following certified reference materials (CRMs) were employed for method assessment: BCR CRM 482 lichen; BCR CRM 60 and 61 aquatic plants; BCR CRM 279 sea lettuce; NIST 1633b fly ash; BCR 320 river sediment; RTC CRM 024‐050 soil. Effect of variables such as extraction time, ultrasound amplitude, concentration of extractant acid, sample mass, drying mode, and particle size was investigated. Leaves of Acacia dealbata were also employed for method development. Limits of detection ranged from 0.03 to 0.15 µg/g As depending on the sample. Between‐batch precision values ranged from 2% to 11%. Sample throughput was 40 hr−1 with flow injection. The authors were invited to contribute this paper to a special issue of the journal entitled “Spectroscopy and Automation”. This special issue was organized by Miguel de la Guardia, Professor of Analytical Chemistry at Valencia University, Spain.
Persistence and Performance in Co-Enrollment Network Embeddings: An Empirical Validation of Tinto's Student Integration Model

In this article, we empirically validate Tinto's Student Integration model, in particular, the predictions the model makes regarding both students’ academic outcomes and their dropout decisions. In doing so, we analyze three decades’ worth of student enrollments at an Australian university and present a novel methodological approach using graph embedding techniques to capture both structural and neighborhood-based features of the co-enrollment network. In keeping with Tinto's model, we find that not only do these embedded representations of students’ social network predict their final grade point average (GPA), but also are able to successfully classify students who dropout. Our results show that these embedded representations of a student's social network can achieve $F_1$-scores of up to 0.79 when classifying dropout and explain up to 10% of the variance in student's final GPA. When controlling for a small set of covariates and variables common to the literature, this performance increases to 0.83 and 24%, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of these methods is robust to both changes in their parameterization and to corruption of the underlying social networks. Importantly, this implies that hyperparameters may be selected to reduce the computational demands of this method without loss of predictive power. The novelty of this method, and its ability to identify student dropout, merits further investigation to preemptively identify at-risk students.
Photoisomerization and Photodissociation of m-Xylene in a Molecular Beam

The photodissociation of isotope-labeled m-xylene, 1,3-C6H4CD3CD3, at 6.4 eV under collision-free conditions was studied using multimass ion imaging techniques. The masses of the photofragments were identified, and the fragment recoil velocity distributions were measured. In addition to the major dissociation channels C6H4CD3CD3 → C6H4CD3CD2 + D and C6H4CD3CD3 → C6H4CD3 + CD3, the respective photofragments C6H3DCD3, C6H2D2CD3, and C6HD3CD3 and some of their light fragment partners, CD2H and CDH2, were also observed. The results show that a small portion of the excited xylene isomerizes to a seven-membered ring (methylcycloheptatriene), followed by the isotope exchange within the seven-membered ring, and then rearomatizes to a six-membered ring prior to dissociation. The isomerization pathway competes with the direct C−C bond and C−H bond dissociation in the ground electronic state. The significance of this isomerization is that the carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms belonging to the alkyl group are involved .
Path Analysis on Factors Affecting the Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Surakarta, Central Java

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that cannot be cured entirely, which greatly affects the quality of life. People with dia­be­­tes mellitus will experience a negative impact on the quality of life. This is because the patient ex­­periences changes in his life. Measuring the qua­­lity of life in diabetic patients is very important, considering that diabetes mellitus sufferers are increasing every year. The purpose of this stu­dy was to analyze the factors that affect the qua­li­ty of life in patients with type 2 DM. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Dr. Moe­war­di Hospital, Central Java, from February to March 2020. A sample of 120 patients with type 2 DM aged >18 years were selected by sim­ple random sampling. The dependent variable was the quality of life. The inde­pen­dent variables were self-care, family support, peer support, length of disease, body mass index, and education. The data were collected by questionnaire and data analysis using path analysis with Stata 13 was used to collect data. Results: Good quality of life in patient with type 2 DM improved with good self-care (b= 2.66; 95%­ CI= 0.38 to 4.94; p = 0.022), strong family sup­port (b= 3.07; 95% CI= 1.09 to 5.05; p= 0.002), strong peer support (b= 3.43; 95% CI= 1.14 to 5.72; p= 0.003), time period of diagnosis time <6 years (b= -2.90; 95% CI= -5.00 to -0.78; p= 0.­0­­07), normal body mass index (b= -2.53; 95% CI= -4.57 to -0.50; p= 0.014), and education ≥se­­nior high school (b= 2.46; 95% CI= 0.72 to 4.21; p= 0.006). Conclusion: Good quality of life in patients with type 2 DM increases with good self-care, strong fa­mily support, strong peer support, time period of diagnosis <6 years, normal body mass index, and education level ≥ senior high school. Keyword s : quality of life, type 2 diabetes mellitus Correspondence: Devi Marlina. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Sura­karta 57126, Central Java. Email: devi­mar­linaaa94@gmail.com. Mobile: +62813­40­983044. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2020), 05(02): 227-236. https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020. 05.02. 10.
The effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on soil organic matter biodegradation and other soil chemical properties

The effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) on soil organic matter biodegradation, nutritional mineral elements and bacterial colonies were studied in the laboratory. The air-dried basil plant tissues incorporated at five different rates (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g per 50 g of soil) resulted in increases in organic carbon mineralization, mineral nitrogen forms in organic phosphorus and available potassium. The level of available forms of manganese and zinc was increased at all the rates of added basil whereas copper was increased at the two upper rates. Also, the addition of basil resulted in a decrease in soil bacterial colonies. The results of this study indicated that the basil could be used as a cover crop for suppressing weed or pathogens in organic soils, with a positive effect on soil productivity. In addition, the incorporation of basil in soil could reduce the number of bacterial colonies. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Ocena stopnje reprodukcije okužbe in deleža okuženih z virusom SARS-CoV-2 v Sloveniji

Izhodišče: v članku ocenjujemo vpliv uveljavljenih ukrepov za obvladovanje epidemije okužbe z virusom SARS-CoV-2 na stopnjo reprodukcije okužbe z virusom in delež okuženih za Slovenijo. Metode: uporabimo Bayesov model, ki predpostavlja enako učinkovitost ukrepov v različnih državah in je zgrajen na podlagi podatkov o številu umrlih za 12 (model A) oz. 10 evropskih držav (izločeni Španija in Italija, model B). Rezultati: ocenjena stopnja reprodukcije v Sloveniji po sprejetih ukrepih je 0,6; pod 1 je celoten 95 % kredibilni interval [0,3 - 0,9]. Če pri gradnji modela izločimo Italijo in Španijo (model B), je ocenjena stopnja reprodukcije v Sloveniji po sprejetih ukrepih 0,8 (95 % kredibilni interval [0,5 - 1,2]). Ocenjeni delež okuženih v Sloveniji je manjši od enega odstotka (0,53 [0,23 - 1,01] % pri modelu A in 0,66 [0,26 - 1,45] % pri modelu B), uradno število potrjenih primerov pa podcenjuje dejansko število za približno faktor 10. Zaključek: dosedanji sprejeti ukrepi so bili uspešni, saj menimo, da je trenutna stopnja reprodukcije virusa SARS-CoV-2 pod 1. Pri sproščanju ukrepov je smiselno počakati vsaj 2 tedna, saj ocenjujemo, da to pomeni vsaj dodatnih 5 tednov zamika do ponovnih zaostritev.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Kinetics of Isomerization of Para-Substituted Hexafluoroacetone N-Phenylimines

The kinetics of the degenerate isomerization about the carbon-nitrogen double bond of hexafluoroacetone N-phenylimine and its p-chloro, p-fluoro, p-methoxy, p-methyl, and p-nitro derivatives have been studied by line-shape analysis of nmr spectra at a series of temperatures. The free energies of activation at 25o were found to be 15.45, 15.53, 15.35, 14.35, 15.14, and 14.90 kcal mol^(-1), respectively. With the exception of the p-nitro compound, the rate constants at 25o give a Hammett plot with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.989 when σ^+ substituent constants are used; the p value is -0.980. The results are interpreted as being the consequence of an inplane inversion about the imine nitrogen of the p-nitro compound and a rotation about the imine carbon-nitrogen bond of the others.
States of mind : understanding ongoing thought using functional magnetic resonance imaging

Ongoing thought makes up a large portion of daily life, and has been associated with varied neurocognitive processes and outcomes, including poor task performance and creativity, negative mood and improved well-being. This complexity arises due to the fact that (1) ongoing thought is multi-dimensional in nature (2) the context during which thought occurs has an important impact on its outcomes and (3) moments of stable, maintained cognition differ conceptually from transitions between states. These issues have led to disagreements in the literature about the role of certain systems during ongoing thought, particularly executive control and the default mode network. This thesis used a paradigm that measures ongoing thought using multi-dimensional experience sampling to capture state contents across two tasks that vary in their need for continuous monitoring. By placing ongoing thought within a multi-dimensional state space, including time and context as independent variables, and using fMRI as a covert measure of state and trait processing, this paradigm enabled a clearer delineation of the neurocognitive systems engaged during ongoing thought. Results point to a role for the ventral attention network in monitoring external context to guide general state maintenance and a role for the dorsal attention network in transitioning between internal and external states. The default mode network was related to detailed thoughts and shown to be important for determining state contents through its interaction with perceptual regions. Executive resources were engaged to maintain both internal and external states, and fluid intelligence was associated with the ability to transition between these states in the most effective manner in line with the demands of the environment. Finally, state transitions were shown to involve wholebrain reorganisations along multiple dimensions that are rooted in the functional organisation of the brain at rest.
Quasi-SOI MOSFET: a novel architecture combining the advantages of SOI and bulk devices

In this paper, a novel structure named as quasi-SOI MOSFET is proposed, which can combine the advantages of both SOI structure and bulk structure. In the quasi-SOI structure, the source/drain regions are quasi-surrounded with insulator and the channel region is directly connected with the bulk substrate. Short channel effects (SCE), parasitic capacitance and self-heating effects (SHE) can be well alleviated. A method to fabricate the quasi-SOI MOSFET is also put forward and realized by process simulation. Quasi-SOI devices can be realized with a channel formed by epitaxial technology and a buried oxide layer formed by thermal oxidation. Simulation results show good scaling capability and excellent heat dissipation. The drive current and the leakage current can be adjusted by changing the substrate doping for specific applications. Cut-off frequencies as high as 220 GHz for NMOS and 130 GHz for PMOS at 20 nm effective channel length (Leff) can be obtained according to process simulation results.