Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oriented hydroxyapatite in turkey tendon mineralized via the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process

Bone is a hierarchically structured composite which imparts it with unique mechanical properties and bioresorptive potential. These properties are primarily influenced by the underlying nanostructure of bone, which consists of nanocrystals of hydroxyapatite embedded and uniaxially aligned within collagen fibrils. There is also a small fraction of non-collagenous proteins in bone, and these are thought to play an important role in bone's formation. In our in vitro model system of bone formation, polyanionic peptides are used to mimic the role of the non-collagenous proteins. In our prior studies, we have shown that intrafibrillar mineralization can be achieved in synthetic reconstituted collagen sponges using a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) mineralization process. This led to a nanostructured arrangement of hydroxyapatite crystals within the individual fibrils which closely mimics that of bone. This report demonstrates that biogenic collagen scaffolds obtained from turkey tendon, which consist of densely packed and oriented collagen fibrils, can also be mineralized by the PILP process. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies show that the mineralization process leads to a high degree of crystallographic orientation at the macroscale, thus emulating that found in the biological system of naturally mineralizing turkey tendon.
Effects of inoculation with Azotobacter Chroococcum and Pseudomonas putida on yield and some of the important agronomic traits in barley (Hordeum vulgar L.)

In order to study the effect of PGPR on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgar L.), an experiment was conducted by using factorial arrangement in randomized complete block designed with three replications in Ilam, Iran in 2011-2012 cropping season. Experimental factors were chemical fertilizer (0, 50, 75 and 100 % P) and bio- fertilizer (non-inoculation, inoculating with Azotobacter Chroococcum, and Pseudomonas Putida and dual inoculation with Azotobacter +Pseudomonas). The Analysis of variance revealed significant effect on yield and related characters using chemical fertilizer. The effect was significant on grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height as well as protein content by using bio-fertilizer. The traits of consumer interest such as highest grain yield, harvest index, biological yield and plant height were obtained with the application of Azotobacter +Pseudomonas as compared to non-inoculation treatment. The traits such as Grain yield, harvest index, biological and plant height were affected by interaction effects of both chemical and bio-fertilizers. The highest grain yield was thus due to the use of chemical fertilizer along with Azotobacter +Pseudomonas inoculation. (Using a ratio of 75:100 (%) recommended chemical fertilizer had no effect on yield and related traits. Thus, we can accept grain yield of barley by using 75% chemical fertilizer and inoculation with Azotobacter +Pseudomonas) In general, the result of this investigation showed that the use of 75% chemical fertilizer along with dual inoculation (Azotobacter +Pseudomonas) could produce satisfactory yield of barley in the Ilam region (west of Iran
Use of response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effect of carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets cooked at different temperature and oil amount

This study was performed to investigate the effect of time and oil content on live microorganisms by periodically measuring the central temperature in heat treatment applied to carp fillets treated with different oil ratios and to determine the quality criteria of fillets during preservation period. Fillets were classified into five groups according to oil ratios, they were treated and the total number of mesophile aerobic bacteria (TMAB) was determined by measuring central heats of fillets in periods suitable to design. Furthermore, after the heat treatment, the fillets were stored at +4°C and examined microbiologically, chemically, statistically and sensory evaluation of preservation period was done. The effect of baking period and amount of oil added to the fillets on central temperature of the fillets and TMAB were investigated by response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken experimental design, by Box-Behnken experimental design adapted to R1 (central temperature) quadratic model (R 2 = 0.8482), and R2 (TMAB) linear model (R 2 =0.79).
Assessment of the Weather Research and Forecasting model implementation in Cuba addressed to diagnostic air quality modeling

This paper evaluates the implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting model, WRF, for its use as the meteorological pre–processor for diagnostic air quality modeling in Cuba. The implementation of the WRF involved two studies: the first one was aimed at defining which global meteorological data is more suited for Cuba; the second one consisted of an analysis of the results for long–term runs on two domains, with the specific objective of assessing the general performance of the model. The results of the model were compared with the observations of the National Weather Service surface stations. The comparisons showed good performance for temperature and acceptable performance for prediction of wind tendencies. On average, the wind speed is overestimated in the model and the wind direction deviations exceed 30 degrees for several of the meteorological stations. These deviations are related to nearby topography and the low–wind speed. Some additional studies must be conducted in order to clarify and reduce the wind deviations. The research concludes that the WRF output is able to provide realistic meteorological patterns for air quality models, which require high–resolution three–dimensional (3D) meteorological data. The WRF–fsl tool was developed to use WRF to feed the local models as AERMOD when upper air data is not available. This tool takes the WRF output and gets the upper air data, in the fsl radiosonde format. The WRF–fsl results were compared to other solution, which incorporates a surface data parameterization. The conclusion is that the efforts, to run WRF for long periods, are not justified with the improvement in the results for regulatory purposes. However, as the differences in convective mixing height could be significant, this solution would be very useful for other kind of studies.
EFFETS OF ETHOSUXIMIDE ON MORPHINE TOLERANCE AND DEPENDENCE IN MICE

Summary In the present study, the effects of ethosuximide (an anticonvulsant with T-type calcium channel blocking activity) on the expression and development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance, and naloxone-precipitated abstinence syndrome in morphine dependent mice were investigated. Mice were rendered tolerant and dependent on morphine by repeated administration of morphine. The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold, naloxone-induced jumping to assess the morphine dependence and open field to evaluate the locomotion. Repeated administration of ethosuximide (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, 2 time/day for 4 day) and also single administration of ethosuximide (100 mg/kg, simultaneously with last dose of morphine) reduced the development and expression of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Repeated administration of ethosuximide (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, 3 time /day for 3 day) and also single administration of ethosuximide (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, 30 min before the last dose of morphine) reduced the development and expression of naloxone-induced jumping in dependent mice that was comparable with clonidine (0.1 mg/kg) as positive control. Single (200 and 400 mg/kg) and repeated (only in 400 mg/ kg) administration of ethosuximide reduced the activity of animals in open field test. Ethosuximide in 200 and 400 mg/kg had direct antinociceptive effect that wasn’t blocked by naloxone. These results showed that ethosuximide, a relatively selective T-type calcium channel blocker has direct antinociceptive effect, prevents the development and expression of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine and suppress morphine withdrawal syndrome.
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry—current shortcomings, practical suggestions for improving performance, and experiments to guide future development

Experimental parameters and processes important in laser ablation such as the wavelength, fluence and pulse width of the laser, the form of the ablation cell, the cell gas, the particle transport and atomization in the ICP have an impact on the analytical performance of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry. The paper discusses the influence of the aforementioned parameters and processes on LA-ICP-MS and presents proposals to map out strategies for optimum LA-ICP-MS analyses. Additionally, experiments are identified which still need to be done for better understanding of the relevant processes and further improvement of the analytical performance of the technique.
A Simplified Pyrolysis Model of a Biomass Particle Based on Infinitesimally Thin Reaction Front Approximation

This paper presents a simplified model for prediction of pyrolysis of a biomass particle. The main assumptions include (1) decomposition of virgin material in an infinitesimal thin reaction front at a constant pyrolysis temperature, (2) constant thermophysical properties throughout the process, (3) negligible effect of volatiles flow. The formulation is presented for various stages of thermally thin and thermally thick slab particles. In each phase, the energy conservation is applied for the particle in a simple enthalpy balance form and the enthalpy of particle is computed at a volumetric mean temperature. The accuracy of this new model has been examined by comparing the predictions with various experiments of slab particles found in the literature as well as the predictions of a comprehensive model, in terms of mass loss rate, surface and internal temperatures, and conversion time. The results show that the model prediction is qualitatively and quantitatively in a satisfactory agreement with measured va.
Organic matter and water‐stable aggregates in soils

Summary The water-stability of aggregates in many soils is shown to depend on organic materials. The organic binding agents have been classified into (a) transient, mainly polysaccharides, (b), temporary, roots and fungal hyphae, and (c) persistent, resistant aromatic components associated with polyvalent metal cations, and strongly sorbed polymers. The effectiveness of various binding agents at different stages in the structural organization of aggregates is described and forms the basis of a model which illustrates the architecture of an aggregate. Roots and hyphae stabilize macro-aggregates, defined as > 250 μm diameter; consequently, macroaggregation is controlled by soil management (i.e. crop rotations), as management influences the growth of plant roots, and the oxidation of organic carbon. The water-stability of micro-aggregates depends on the persistent organic binding agents and appears to be a characteristic of the soil, independent of management.
Allelopathic Effects of Croton Leaves Residue on Jasmine Trees and Associated Weeds

Growth inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of leaves and stems of Croton (Codiameum variegatum pactum L.) on Portulaca oleracea (Broadleaved weed) and Echinochloa colonum (grass) were investigated. Both extracts of croton caused inhibition of the seedling length of the two weeds. Growth inhibition was more pronounced in the presence of leaf extracts than the stem extract. Croton leaves residue was investigated in field studies 2008 and 2009 to find out its effect on weeds surrounding jasmine trees. Leaf residue with different rates from 50 up to 300 g/m 2 caused varying degrees of inhibition of broadleaved and grassy weeds 60 days after treatment and at 120 days, higher rates were more inhibition. The inhibition continued during the experimental period. On the other hand, the inhibition of weeds was accompanied with increase in flower yield as well as dry weight of 100 flowers. The results also revealed increase in concrete of flowers and percentage of oil yield. Estimation of micro and macronutrients resulted in increase in their contents as compared to the untreated control. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of jasmine oil showed increase in Benzyl benzoate, Benzyl acetate, Benzyl alcohol, Eugenol, Transmethyl jasmonate, Cis-jasmone and Jasmine lactone contents, as compared to the control. The analysis of essential oil composition in croton leaves by GLC identified the following major compounds: Myrcene, 1, 8-cineole, α terpineol, sabinine, β ocimene and anethole.
Selective harvesting is a feasible and profitable strategy even when grape and wine production is geared towards large fermentation volumes

Background and Aims: Previous work has identified the potential for enhancing the profitability of both grapegrowing and winemaking through the implementation of selective harvesting. However, there has been a perception that such strategies may not be feasible when winery infrastructure is geared to large production volumes, such as is commonly the case in Australia's warm irrigated regions. This work sought to examine the merits of this perception. Methods and Results: The tools of Precision Viticulture were used to identify zones of similar vineyard performance in two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards in the Murray Valley region of Victoria such that sufficient quantities of fruit were available for commercial scale vinification into different product lines. Wines from these zones were also made in small lots. Sensory analysis demonstrated that wines derived from like zones were indeed similar, whilst those from contrasting zones were discernibly different. A partial gross margin analysis strongly suggested that selective harvesting should be highly profitable. Conclusions: If market opportunity warrants it, selective harvesting of fruit into different product streams is a feasible and profitable strategy even when production is geared to large volumes. Significance of the Study: The work demonstrates that selective harvesting can be profitably applied in situations where production is geared to large fermentation volumes. It therefore provides a counter to the view that Precision Viticulture offers opportunities only to small (boutique) producers or to large, well-resourced companies with a flexible winery infrastructure.
Use and Impact of E-Resources at Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (India): A Case Study

Today availability of e-resources in a university library is very common. But their proper and maximum use is a matter for discussion. The present paper examines the existence of various e-resource databases in Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Library. The study also highlights the preferences and importance of online resources among the teachers and research scholars.
An epistemological inquiry into organic chemistry education: exploration of undergraduate students' conceptual understanding of functional groups

This study sought to determine the levels of conceptual understanding of undergraduate students regarding organic compounds within different functional groups. A total of 60 students who were enrolled in the Department of Secondary Science and Mathematics Education of a Faculty of Education at a state university in Turkey and who had followed an Organic Chemistry Laboratory Course participated in the study. The data were collected using two tools: functional group worksheets and concept maps. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations were used in analyzing the data. The findings showed that the students generally had low levels of understanding of concepts relating to functional groups, and they exhibited a considerable number of misconceptions. Considering the findings more fully, it was determined that students have remarkable misconceptions and low levels of understanding about certain topics regarding functional groups, including the physical properties of functional groups, intermolecular bonds, acidity and basicity, reduction and oxidation, stereoisomerism and structural isomerism, and aromaticity and aliphaticity, as well as other organic chemistry concepts (e.g. decarboxylation, oxyacide, and phenol). The results suggest that since students are unable to adequately comprehend the subjects of general chemistry, such as intramolecular and intermolecular bonds, acidity and basicity, oxidation and reduction and determination of molecular structures, they fail to accurately transfer their knowledge to learning about organic chemistry. In order to promote students' understanding of functional groups and prevent related misconceptions, it is recommended that basic chemistry topics should be reinforced, and the relationship between students' current knowledge and the new information to be learned in organic chemistry should be emphasized with the help of activities in which various forms of thinking are used.
Influence of gravimetric water content and bulk density on the dielectric properties of soil.

Summary Moisture content and bulk density largely characterize physical and mechanical soil status and behaviour. A nondestructive determination of these soil properties is essential. Time domain reflectometry (TDR), although widely accepted for determination of volumetric water content, θ, has its limitations, and recently a frequency domain (FD) sensor has been developed and tested. An equation relating relative permittivity, ɛ′, to gravimetric water content, w, and bulk density, p, was established for three soil types (sand, sandy loam and clay). If ɛ′ and w are known, our model can be used to calculate bulk density and associated volumetric water content, θ, keeping in mind that θ= pw. Utilization is found in long-term monitoring of moisture fluctuations or short-term detection of traffic-induced soil compaction.
Determination of moisture content in a deformable soil using time‐domain reflectometry (TDR)

Time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) is being used increasingly for measuring the moisture content of porous media. However, successful application for measuring water in soil has been limited to non‐deformable soils, and it would be a valuable extension of the technique if it could be used for soils that shrink on drying. We have recently investigated its application to soils rich in clay and organic matter and peats. Here we propose a method for determining moisture content in deformable soils based on the relation between the dielectric constant, K, and the volumetric moisture content, Θ, measured by TDR.
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Coloration and Fabrication Conditions of Medieval Blue Glasses

Potash- and soda-lime-stained glasses from the 12th–13th centuries, blue-colored by cobalt, have been investigated by Mn, Fe, and Cu K-edge X-ray and optical absorption spectroscopies in order to determine the oxidation state of these elements and their impact on the blue color. Remelting these historical glasses in air at 1200°C, the estimated temperature of medieval furnaces, revealed that these four glasses are more reduced before remelting. This favors Mn as weakly absorbing Mn2+, Fe as Fe2+ and Cu as colorless Cu+. Therefore Fe2+ is the second blue chromophore and copper was not intentionally used by glassmakers to obtain a blue color. A colorimetric analysis indicates that these specific melting conditions have a limited effect on the blue color of these glasses. Based on the spectroscopic determination of the redox state of Fe, Mn, and Cu, we estimate the oxygen partial pressure in medieval furnaces to be 10−7–10−9 and 10−5 bar for the potash- and soda-lime samples, respectively. The comparison with previous results enables to prove the evolution of furnace technology over centuries.
High‐resolution 1H chemical shift imaging in the monkey visual cortex

Functionally distinct anatomic subdivisions of the brain can often be only a few millimeters in one or more dimensions. The study of metabolic differences in such structures by means of localized in vivo MR spectroscopy is therefore challenging, if not impossible. In fact, the spatial resolution of chemical shift imaging (CSI) in humans is typically in the range of centimeters. The aim of the present study was to optimize 1H CSI in monkeys and demonstrate the feasibility of high spatial resolutions up to 1.4 × 2 × 1.4 mm3. The obtained spatial resolution permitted the segregation of gray and white matter in the visual cortex based on the concentration of different metabolites and neurotransmitters like N‐acetylaspartate, glutamate, and creatine. Concentration ratios of white matter versus gray matter tissue as well as between metabolites matched those reported in the literature from healthy human brain, demonstrating the consistency and reliability of the procedure. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel conversion of inert carbon nanotubes to highly dispersed fibres

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with alkyl groups and transformed to form highly dispersed carbon nanofibres (CNFs) in ethylenediamine via the Benkeser reaction. The functionalized CNFs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman, infrared spectroscopoy as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The functionalized CNFs with long alkyl chains can be highly dispersed in universal solvents such as ethanol, toluene and N, N-dimethylformamide. The conversion mechanism has been investigated and the electrophilic reagents were proposed as key factors affecting the conversion degree.
COMPARISON OF RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON BETA AND MORDENITE IN THE HYDROCYCLOALKYLATION OF BENZENE

One way of conversion of benzene into a valuable component of motor fuel is hydrocycloalkylation producing cyclohexylbenzene (CHB) and dicyclohexylbenzene (DCHB). Two catalysts containing 0.2 wt. % of ruthenium were prepared using mordenite (Ru/M) and beta (Ru/B) zeolites as supports. Catalytic tests were carried out in a batch reactor at 175 and 200 o C and hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa at maximum. Cyclohexane was used as a solvent. Better results were obtained with Ru/B catalyst, which corresponds with better accessibility of the interior space. Selectivity to sum of CHB and DCHB varied from 60 down to 40 % at the conversion of benzene 30 and 80 %. Obtained results should motivate further technological investigation of the process.
Effect of eugenol oil and sauced treatments on fresh carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) fillets during storage at 4°C

In this study, the effect of different concentrations of eugenol added to a sauce containing different spices on sensory, microbiological (total mezophile aerobe bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and mould) and chemical (total volatile nitrogen and pH) changes during the storage of raw Cyprinus carpio L. fillets is investigated. 0.5% (A), 1.0% (B) and 1.5% (C) eugenol were added to the prepared sauce; then fillets were exposed to the sauce for 6 h at 4°C and were vacuum-packaged under aseptic conditions. Microbiological and chemical analyses were carried out on days 1, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 of storage. The control groups samples were performed sensory analysis 28 day, while other groups up to 56 days. Spoilage was observed on 42nd day in control group and on 98th day of storage in eugenol added groups. The statistical analysis of the results showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and eugenol added group (p 0.05).