Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Dynamics and Fine-Scale Vertical Behaviour of Immature Eastern Australasian White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

Simple Summary To understand how ecosystems function and to be able to better protect large marine predators, like sharks, it is important to understand how these animals move and navigate through their ocean environment. For white sharks in Australian and New Zealand waters, horizontal movement has been relatively well studied, but their diving behaviour is less well understood. We tagged 27 immature white sharks with three different tag types that collect positional, temperature and depth data. Tagged sharks travelled from southern Queensland to southern Tasmania and New Zealand. All sharks frequently dove up and down the water column (0–632 m) and experienced temperatures ranging from 7.8–28.9 °C. Importantly, there was a noticeable difference in the sharks’ diving behaviour between day and nighttime. During the day, white sharks remained at relatively constant depths, while at night, they constantly moved vertically through the water column in a high frequency. These findings help us to better understand how Eastern Australasian (EA) white sharks navigate through the ocean and provide new information on the ecology of juvenile white sharks. Abstract Knowledge of the 3-dimensional space use of large marine predators is central to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and for the development of management recommendations. Horizontal movements of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in eastern Australian and New Zealand waters have been relatively well studied, yet vertical habitat use is less well understood. We dual-tagged 27 immature white sharks with Pop-Up Satellite Archival Transmitting (PSAT) and acoustic tags in New South Wales coastal shelf waters. In addition, 19 of these individuals were also fitted with Smart Position or Temperature Transmitting (SPOT) tags. PSATs of 12 sharks provided useable data; four tags were recovered, providing highly detailed archival data recorded at 3-s intervals. Horizontal movements ranged from southern Queensland to southern Tasmania and New Zealand. Sharks made extensive use of the water column (0–632 m) and experienced a broad range of temperatures (7.8–28.9 °C). Archival records revealed pronounced diel-patterns in distinct fine-scale oscillatory behaviour, with sharks occupying relatively constant depths during the day and exhibiting pronounced yo-yo diving behaviour (vertical zig-zag swimming through the water column) during the night. Our findings provide valuable new insights into the 3-dimensional space use of Eastern Australasian (EA) white sharks and contribute to the growing body on the general ecology of immature white sharks.
Topological edge states for disordered bosonic systems

Quadratic bosonic Hamiltonians over a one-particle Hilbert space can be described by a Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian on a particle-hole Hilbert space. In general, the BdG Hamiltonian is not self-adjoint, but only J-self-adjoint on the particle-hole space viewed as a Krein space. Nevertheless, its energy bands can have non-trivial topological invariants like Chern numbers or winding numbers. By a thorough analysis for tight-binding models, it is proved that these invariants lead to bosonic edge modes which are robust to a large class of possibly disordered perturbations. Furthermore, general scenarios are presented for these edge states to be dynamically unstable even though the bulk modes are stable.
Analysis Indicators of Health-Safety in the Risk Assessment of Landfill with the Combined Method of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Bow Tie Model

The study and analysis of safety, health and environmental indicators in the risk assessment of landfill sites are essential to improving performance and reducing injuries. This study is essential in identifying effective criteria and providing useful solutions for proper waste control and management. In Gilan province, 2200 tons of waste enter landfills every day, and this has created a lot of pollution in the area. The methodology of this research was chosen using the opinions of experts and the Delphi technique. Factors affecting the risk assessment in the construction and operation phases were investigated in two phases. The risks of a landfill project were identified by combining (FANP) and (FTOPSIS) using a multi-criteria decision bow tie technique to rank and prioritize criteria. The results show that urban landfills are one of the environmental risk factors in cities. They often contaminate water sources. This has caused a disturbance in the stability of ecological systems. Using the bow tie model can control and prevent environmental health-safety risks caused by urban waste disposal. This can be a threat and a big factor in the destruction of ecosystem resources and services. The integrated approach used in this study provides a flexible tool for evaluating and developing municipal landfills. The risk assessment study proves that the most involved areas in the landfill are environment and health-safety, respectively. Socio-economic and cultural fields are in the next categories. Due to their nature and working process, lancets face many environmental, safety and health risks. The integrated approach (FANP) and (FTOPSIS) with bow ties are suitable methods for risk assessment in landfills. It is very important to use the bow tie technique in analyzing, examining and prioritizing risk sources for management and also control measures such as preventing and limiting high-risk sources.
Pseudofinite groups and VC-dimension

We develop “local NIP group theory” in the context of pseudofinite groups. In particular, given a sufficiently saturated pseudofinite structure [Formula: see text] expanding a group, and left invariant NIP formula [Formula: see text], we prove various aspects of “local fsg” for the right-stratified formula [Formula: see text]. This includes a [Formula: see text]-type-definable connected component, uniqueness of the pseudofinite counting measure as a left-invariant measure on [Formula: see text]-formulas and generic compact domination for [Formula: see text]-definable sets.
External Validation of the Individualized Prediction of Breast Cancer Survival (IPBS) Model for Estimating Survival after Surgery for Patients with Breast Cancer in Northern Thailand

Simple Summary Recently, a prediction model was developed specifically for predicting the probability of survival and disease progression five years after diagnosis for Thai female patients with breast cancer. The model was composed of twelve routinely available clinical predictors. Even though it seemed to provide accurate predictions in the development dataset, it has never been tested in other external datasets. This study validated this new prediction model, entitled IPBS (Individualized Prediction of Breast cancer Survival), in another dataset of Northern Thai female patients with breast cancer and found that the model carried an acceptable discriminative ability comparable to when it was developed. Nonetheless, model recalibration to each specific context is encouraged, as it may overestimate the probability of events when the underlying baseline survival of the patient cohort is different from the development dataset. Abstract The individualized prediction of breast cancer survival (IPBS) model was recently developed. Although the model showed acceptable performance during derivation, its external performance remained unknown. This study aimed to validate the IPBS model using the data of breast cancer patients in Northern Thailand. An external validation study was conducted based on female patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai hospital from 2005 to 2015. Data on IPBS predictors were collected. The endpoints were 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The model performance was evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation. Of all 3581 eligible patients, 1868 were included. The 5-year OS and DFS were 85.2% and 81.9%. The IPBS model showed acceptable discrimination: C-statistics 0.706 to 0.728 for OS and 0.675 to 0.689 for DFS at 5 years. However, the IPBS model minimally overestimated both OS and DFS predictions. These overestimations were corrected after model recalibration. In this external validation study, the IPBS model exhibited good discriminative ability. Although it may provide minimal overestimation, recalibrating the model to the local context is a practical solution to improve the model calibration.
The role of the gut microbiome in paediatric irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and disabling condition in children. The pathophysiology of IBS is thought to be multifactorial but remains incompletely understood. There is growing evidence implicating the gut microbiome in IBS. Intestinal dysbiosis has been demonstrated in paediatric IBS cohorts; however, no uniform or consistent pattern has been identified. The exact mechanisms by which this dysbiosis contributes to IBS symptoms remain unknown. Available evidence suggests the imbalance produces a functional dysbiosis, with altered production of gases and metabolites that interact with the intestinal wall to cause symptoms, and enrichment or depletion of certain metabolic pathways. Additional hypothesised mechanisms include increased intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity and altered gastrointestinal motility; however, these remain speculative in paediatric patients, with studies limited to animal models and adult populations. Interaction between dietary components and intestinal microbiota, particularly with fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), has drawn increasing attention. FODMAPs have been found to trigger and worsen IBS symptoms. This is thought to be related to products of their fermentation by a dysbiotic microbial population, although this remains to be proven. A low-FODMAP diet has shown promising success in ameliorating symptoms in some but not all patients. There remains much to be discovered about the role of the dysbiotic microbiome in paediatric IBS.
RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 Positively Regulate the Expression of PR1 Gene and Pattern-Triggered Immunity

The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various steps of plant immunity. Here, we present Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 which act as positive regulators of flg22- and SA-mediated defense signaling. Expression of AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 is induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogens. The atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants displayed weakened responses when triggered by PAMPs. Immune responses, including oxidative burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and transcriptional activation of marker genes, were attenuated in the atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants. The suppressed activation of PTI responses also resulted in enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants showed defects in SA-mediated or pathogen-mediated PR1 expression; however, avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000-induced cell death was unaffected. Our findings suggest that AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 are not just PTI-positive regulators but are also involved in SA-mediated PR1 gene expression, which is important for resistance to P. syringae.
Use of soil nonexchangeable potassium by paddy rice with clay structural changes under long‐term fertilizer management

To prove the hypothesis that paddy rice utilizes soil nonexchangeable potassium (neK) and causes associated structural changes in clay minerals, K status and clay mineralogy of 22 surface soils from three paddy fields under long‐term fertilizer management for 51–93 years were investigated. Soil neK content was determined as the difference between 1 mol L−1 hot HNO3 extractable K and 1 mol L−1 ammonium acetate exchangeable K. Clay mineralogy was identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The radiocesium interception potential (RIP), an index of frayed edge sites in the interlayer sites of 2:1 type clay minerals, was also determined. The neK contents under the ‐K and NPK treatments were considerably lower than those under the unfertilized treatment in all the fields, indicating the exploitation of soil neK by rice. XRD analysis of the clay samples revealed 7% shift from the 1.0 peak to 1.4 nm one under the ‐K treatment compared with the unfertilized one, and the amounts of neK were negatively correlated with those of RIP (p < .01), suggesting the expansion of interlayer spaces of the 2:1 type phyllosilicates such as mica due to the release of neK. In addition, the neK content positively correlated with K balance of the long‐term experiments (p < .05). The differences of neK between unfertilized K and ‐K treatments corresponded to 22–157 kg K ha−1, or 0.42–1.68 kg K ha−1 year−1. In conclusion, utilization of considerable amount of soil neK under K depleted conditions should be considered to establish sustainable K management for paddy rice.
Mean Field Games and Nonlinear Markov Processes

In this paper, we investigate the mean field games with K classes of agents who are weakly coupled via the empirical measure. The underlying dynamics of the representative agents is assumed to be a controlled nonlinear Markov process associated with rather general integro-differential generators of Levy-Khintchine type (with variable coefficients), with the major stress on applications to stable and stable-like processes, as well as their various modifications like tempered stable-like processes or their mixtures with diffusions. We show that nonlinear measure-valued kinetic equations describing the dynamic law of large numbers limit for system with large number N of agents are solvable and that their solutions represent 1/N-Nash equilibria for approximating systems of N agents.
Euler's constant: Euler's work and modern developments

This paper has two parts. The first part surveys Euler's work on the constant gamma=0.57721. bearing his name, together with some of his related work on the gamma function, values of the zeta function and divergent series. The second part describes various mathematical developments involving Euler's constant, as well as another constant, the Euler-Gompertz constant. These developments include connections with arithmetic functions and the Riemann hypothesis, and with sieve methods, random permutations and random matrix products. It includes recent results on Diophantine approximation and transcendence related to Euler's constant.
Quantitative flatness results and $BV$-estimates for stable nonlocal minimal surfaces

We establish quantitative properties of minimizers and stable sets for nonlocal interaction functionals, including the $s$-fractional perimeter as a particular case. On the one hand, we establish universal $BV$-estimates in every dimension $n\ge 2$ for stable sets. Namely, we prove that any stable set in $B_1$ has finite classical perimeter in $B_{1/2}$, with a universal bound. This nonlocal result is new even in the case of $s$-perimeters and its local counterpart (for classical stable minimal surfaces) was known only for simply connected two-dimensional surfaces immersed in $\mathbb R^3$. On the other hand, we prove quantitative flatness estimates for minimizers and stable sets in low dimensions $n=2,3$. More precisely, we show that a stable set in $B_R$, with $R$ large, is very close in measure to being a half space in $B_1$ ---with a quantitative estimate on the measure of the symmetric difference. As a byproduct, we obtain new classification results for stable sets in the whole plane.
Type Submodules and Direct Sum Decompositions of Modules

A type decomposition of a module M over a ring R is a direct sum decomposition for which any two distinct summands have no nonzero isomorphic submodules. In this paper, we investigate when a module possesses certain kinds of type decompositions and when such decompositions are unique. Introduction. It is well known that every torsion abelian group has a unique decomposition into its p-torsion subgroups. By GoodearlBoyle [4], every nonsingular injective module E has a unique decomposition E = E1 ⊕ E2 ⊕ E3 where E1, E2, E3 are of types I, II, III respectively, see Definition 2.7. Why do such decompositions exist? Why are such decompositions unique? Are there any common things between these two results? All these questions will be answered in this paper. In fact, we can present a more general theory on existence and uniqueness of type decompositions of modules, so that the above results, as well as many other known results, are obtained as very special cases. The common property for certain diverse kinds of direct sum decompositions of modules M including the two decompositions above is that any two distinct direct summands have no nonzero isomorphic submodules, or equivalently all direct summands are what we will call type submodules. The cause for the existence of such decompositions is that these modules M have a ‘decomposability property’ which will be discussed in detail in Section 1, while the uniqueness of such direct sum decompositions is ensured by a module property called UTC. A theory of such modules is developed in Section 2. Throughout, all rings R are associative with identity and modules are unital right R-modules and M is an R-module. A class K of modules is a type, or natural class, if it is closed under isomorphic copies, 1991 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 16D70, 16D80. Research of the second author was supported by NSERC Grant OGP0194196. Copyright c ©2005 Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium
On Exponential Stabilization of N-Level Quantum Angular Momentum Systems

In this paper, we consider the feedback stabilization problem for N-level quantum angular momentum systems undergoing continuous-time measurements. By using stochastic and geometric control tools, we provide sufficient conditions on the feedback control law ensuring almost sure exponential convergence to a predetermined eigenstate of the measurement operator. In order to achieve these results, we establish general features of quantum trajectories which are of interest by themselves. We illustrate the results by designing a class of feedback control laws satisfying the above-mentioned conditions and finally we demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology through numerical simulations for three-level quantum angular momentum systems.
Effects of Splitter Plates on Turbulent Quantities on a Boundary Layer Developing on a Flat Plate near the Trailing Edge

An experimental investigation was made on a turbulent boundary layer near the trailing edge on a long flat plate with a blunt trailing edge. The flow was controlled by an additional splitter plate attached to the trailing edge along the wake center line. The length of the splitter plate, l, was varied from 0.3 to 3 times the trailing edge thickness, h. Measurement of fluctuating velocity was made under the freestream zero pressure gradient. Almost independent of the installation of the splitter plate, the turbulent intensity and the Reynolds shear stress in the inner layer decreased when approaching the trailing edge of the flat plate (x / h=0), compared with that in the fully-developed turbulent boundary layer under the zero pressure gradient. The only exception was the distribution at x / h=0 near the wall in the case without the splitter plate (l / h=0), where the degree of the decrease in u rms / Ue was relatively small, and v rms / Ue and -uv / Ue2 were larger than those of the zero pressure gradient. The effect of l / h on turbulent quantities was shown just upstream of the trailing edge upon close comparison, and was classified into two groups: l / h<1 and l / h≥1. The tendency of the turbulent energy production terms approaching x / h=0 coincided with the decrease in the streamwise turbulent intensity and in the Reynolds shear stress.
Axisymmetric model of the ionized gas in the Orion Nebula

New ionization and thermal equilibrium models for the ionized gas in the Orion Nebula with an axisymmetric two-dimensional 'blister' geometry/density distribution are presented. The HII region is represented more realistically than in previous models, while the physical detail of the microphysics and radiative transfer of the earlier spherical modeling is maintained. The predicted surface brightnesses are compared with observations for a large set of lines at different positions to determine the best-fitting physical parameters. The model explains the strong singly ionized line emission along the lines of sight near the Trapezium. 105 refs.
Effect of Corporate Governance on Free Cash Flow via Dividend Payout

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the effect of corporate governance mechanisms (i.e., board composition, insider ownership, block holder ownership, and audit quality) on free cash flow (FCF) through the dividend policy of the firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The sample of non-financial firms was taken from the KSE-100 index from 2008 to 2017. The mediation technique developed in 1986 by Baron and Kenny is used. The results revealed that CG mechanisms help to minimize the agency problem of free cash flow. Strong governance attributes results in higher dividend payment. This study concludes that a high dividend payout has a negative effect on FCF. Overall, this study confirms the full mediating effects of dividend payout on the relationship between board independence and FCF, insider ownership and FCF, audit quality and FCF, and partial mediation of dividend payout on the link between board meetings and FCF. The results suggest that firms should build and execute their policies relating to corporate governance to manage their resources efficiently; this can help reduce FCF and minimize agency problems.
Autoimmune Neutropenia and Immune-Dysregulation in a Patient Carrying a TINF2 Variant

In recent years, the knowledge about the immune-mediated impairment of bone marrow precursors in immune-dysregulation and autoimmune disorders has increased. In addition, immune-dysregulation, secondary to marrow failure, has been reported as being, in some cases, the most evident and early sign of the disease and making the diagnosis of both groups of disorders challenging. Dyskeratosis congenita is a disorder characterized by premature telomere erosion, typically showing marrow failure, nail dystrophy and leukoplakia, although incomplete genetic penetrance and phenotypes with immune-dysregulation features have been described. We report on a previously healthy 17-year-old girl, with a cousin successfully treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who presented with leukopenia and neutropenia. The diagnostic work-up showed positive anti-neutrophil antibodies, leading to the diagnosis of autoimmune neutropenia, a slightly low NK count and high TCR-αβ+-double-negative T-cells. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis showed the 734C>A variant on exon 6 of the TINF2 gene, leading to the p.Ser245Tyr. The telomere length was short on the lymphocytes and granulocytes, suggesting the diagnosis of an atypical telomeropathy showing with immune-dysregulation. This case underlines the importance of an accurate diagnostic work-up of patients with immune-dysregulation, who should undergo NGS or whole exome sequencing to identify specific disorders that deserve targeted follow-up and treatment.