Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zinc Chemical Biology: The Pursuit of the Intracellular Targets of Zinquin

Fluorescent sensors have been a main microscopic tools used to understand Zn physiology on a cellular level. The use of the fluorescent Zn sensor Zinquin (ZQ) and its analogues have revealed that transient Zn is a chief component in a variety of biochemical pathways. Yet, little work has been performed to validate the exact targets of Zinquin in a cellular environment. The goals of this investigation are to determine the types of Zinquin reactions that take place in the cell as well as the identities of its cellular targets. It has been hypothesized that Zinquin reacts with free Zn within cells at nanomolar concentrations. Instead, by using robust analytical methods such as fluorescence spectrophotometry, column chromatography, and ICP-MS, this report shows a consistent pattern across seven cell and tissue types that Zinquin reacts in micromolar concentrations with Zn bound to proteins. The main source of evidence for this reaction is a unique emission spectrum for a ZQ-Zn-protein adduct compared to Zn(ZQ)2. Zn(ZQ)2 can be generated by Zinquin sequestering Zn 2+ from members of the Zn-
The representation of freedom in decisions: Good outcomes or real choice?

ABSTRACT Five studies replicate and extend recent experimental findings on a divergence between theoretical and subjectively-experienced decision freedom. While conditions like conflict, uncertainty, or complexity are structural indicators of free choice, they empirically decrease experienced freedom. Subjective freedom itself seems to depend on easy decisions with positive outcomes of a high certainty. Studies 1 and 2 conceptually replicate this strong focus of subjective freedom on positive valence by using semantic and qualitative data. The replication proved successful. Given this prevalence of positivity, Studies 3, 4, and 5 proceed to test the hypothesis that people do not recognize features of free choice beyond their positive feeling. This hypothesis was disconfirmed: although participants experienced decision conflicts as uncertain and less free, they judged higher conflict as less determined, more open, unpredictable, and more contingent on the personality of the decider. We discuss resulting hypotheses and a necessary differentiation in the representation of freedom.
Effects of Chinese Privet on Bees and Their Vertical Distribution in Riparian Forests

Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense Lour.), is known to negatively affect biodiversity near the ground in invaded forests by forming thick layers of non-native vegetation in the midstory. Whether these effects extend above the shrub layer into the canopy remains unclear. We sought to test this question by using flight-intercept traps (clear plastic panels attached to a white bucket) to sample bees at three heights (0.5, 5, and 15 m) in plots in which L. sinense had or had not been experimentally eliminated. Privet removal (i.e., restoration) resulted in significantly higher bee abundance, richness, and diversity than in invaded sites, but this effect was only observed at 0.5 m. In restored plots, bee diversity was generally higher at 5 and 15 m than near the forest floor, but there were no differences between traps at 5 and 15 m. Our findings show that bees will benefit from the removal of invasive shrubs near the forest floor but not in the canopy. Why bee diversity is higher in the canopy than near the ground in temperate deciduous forests remains unknown.
Re-Evaluating the ‘Smile Curve’ in Relation to Outsourcing Industrialization

ABSTRACT In this paper, we argue that the widely used concept of the value-added driven ‘smile curve’ in the international business literature, which often illustrates a zero-sum game between interdependent nations in the global supply chain, requires revisiting. In particular, the U-shaped smile curve for the distribution of profitability among partners can be inverted if firms from the developing economies manage to obtain high productivity from their workers and have no high entry costs to the midstream industries that specialize in global supply chains. We construct an economic model and find that the theories proposed in the paper are broadly consistent with the empirical evidence. Our findings have some important implications for the current debate on industrialization strategies with particular reference to outsourcing industrialization for developing countries.
The effect of triceps brachii fatigue on shot accuracy of male and female basketball players

ABSTRACT Previous studies demonstrated that the presence of neuromuscular fatigue within the triceps brachii muscle was accompanied by decreasing accuracy in throwing motion; however, sex differences in triceps brachii fatigability and throwing accuracy have not yet been investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the differences between female and male in measures of triceps brachii fatigability and basketball shooting accuracy after a fatiguing exercise. Twelve male (age, mean ± SD; 16.±1.4 yr) and twelve female (age, mean ± SD; 16 ± 1.2 yr) with no major medical history participated in the laboratory-based study. Basketball shooting accuracy, maximal voluntary contraction force and muscular endurance of the triceps brachii muscle measured before and after a fatiguing exercise. Maximal voluntary contraction force, endurance time of the triceps brachii muscle and basketball shooting accuracy significantly reduced after fatiguing exercise (P < 0.05), with a higher reduction identified for the male as compared to female (P < 0.05). The result suggests a significant effect of sex differences on triceps brachii fatigability and basketball shooting accuracy after fatiguing exercise, most likely due to sex differences in muscle fibre type composition. However, future research is required to confirm sex-specific differences in motor skill accuracy after fatiguing exercise.
The fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals during activated sludge treatment

i! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.i! LIST OF TABLES.vii! TABLE OF FIGURES. viii! TABLE OF EQUATIONS.xii! LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xiii! LIST OF UNITS AND SYMBOLS. xviii! LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . xx! 1! Introduction.2! 1.1! Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment.2! 1.2! The Implications of Endocrine Disruption.3! 1.3! Rationale for Research . 5! 2! Literature Review . 8! 2.1! Micropollutants of Interest . 8! 2.2! The typical concentrations of micropollutants entering sewage treatment works . 19! 2.3! The Removal of Micropollutants During Sewage Treatment Processes . 27! 2.3. 1! Removal of Micropollution by trickling filters . 28! 2.3. 2! The Removal of Micropollution by Activated sludge.30! 2.3. 3! The Anoxic and Anaerobic Treatment Processes.42! 2.4! The Biodegradation of Micropollutants During Activated Sludge Treatment.45! 2.5! Summary . 51! 3! Aim and objectives . 54! 4! Materials and Methods.56! 4.1! The Carbonaceous, Nitrifying and Nitrifying/Denitrifying Activated Sludge Sewage Treatment Works.57! 4.1.1! Description of Sewage Treatment Works.57!
Effect of Cold Application on Local Problems among Patients Receiving Subcutaneous Enoxaparin

Background: Subcutaneous enoxaparin administration often causes problems such as pain; bruise and hematoma at the injection sites. In terms of these problems, cold application has been found to have various therapeutic benefits as relieve pain by produce localized anesthetic effect and controls bleeding by causing vasoconstriction. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of cold application on local problems among patients receiving subcutaneous enoxaparin. Design: Self controlled trial design was utilized. Setting: The study was carried out in general surgery department, orthopedic surgery department, and chest Intensive Care Unit at Beni-seuf University Hospital. Study subjects: A purposive sample of 60 patients was included in the study. Data collection tools: Data were obtained through Patient assessment tool, Bruising Category Scale, Visual Analogue Scale for pain and Hematoma Formation Scale. Results: All studied patients had pain and more than half developed bruise at injection site when they received enoxaparin without cold application but more than three quarter of studied patients had pain and less than one quarter developed bruise when they received injection with cold application. Meanwhile, the majority of the studied patient did not develop hematoma whether cold applied at injection site or not. Conclusion: The pre-injection cold application at enoxaparin injection site was effective in reducing the occurrence of pain and bruising. Moreover, there was statistically significant relation between the patients’ pain intensity, the size of bruising and their demographic characteristics; age and gender. Recommendations: Cold application should be included in standard protocol for the administration of SC enoxaparin and providing on-going and regular in-service educational programs about it for nurses.
Examining Students' Satisfaction and Learning Autonomy through Web-Based Courses

Web-based learning settings are more convenient than face-to-face learning settings, whereas they present additional opportunities for education that occurs in various environments. However, many educational institutions specially in the third world countries are not prepared for the challenges involved in offering quality Web-based courses. This research aimed to identify Web based courses effects on students' satisfaction and learning autonomy based on Moore’s transactional distance theory (TDT) through web-based courses. Therefore, this study seeks to develop a model to measure students’ background, students’ experience, students’ learning autonomy, students’ dialogue with their instructor, and students’ satisfaction. A quantitative approach was implemented in this study. Whereas a questionnaire was the major data collection tool, thus it was distributed amongst 377 learners. Furthermore, the obtained data was examined using AMOS-SEM. More specifically, SEM was applied for the independent variables which were dependent in a subsequent dependent correlation. The results showed that students’ background, students’ experience, students’ learning autonomy, and students’ dialogue there were positive and significant relationship with students’ satisfaction. Additionally, the students had a feeling of satisfaction. Therefore, the results proposed a guideline for instructors of institutions of higher learning in Palestine to design and create web-based courses that would increase students’ autonomy and satisfaction in the Web-based learning settings.
Estimation Methods of Alpha Power Exponential Distribution with Applications to Engineering and Medical Data

This paper addresses the estimation of the unknown parameters of the alphapower exponential distribution (Mahdavi and Kundu, 2017) using nine frequentist estimation methods. We discuss the nite sample properties of the parameterestimates of the alpha power exponential distribution via Monte Carlo simulations. The potentiality of the distribution is analyzed by means of two real datasets from the elds of engineering and medicine. Finally, we use the maximumlikelihood method to derive the estimates of the distribution parameters undercompeting risks data and analyze one real data set.
Integrated GWAS and mRNA Microarray Analysis Identified IFNG and CD40L as the Central Upstream Regulators in Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) in European and East Asian populations have identified more than 40 disease‐susceptibility genes in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The aim of this study is to computationally identify disease pathways, upstream regulators, and therapeutic targets in PBC through integrated GWAS and messenger RNA (mRNA) microarray analysis. Disease pathways and upstream regulators were analyzed with ingenuity pathway analysis in data set 1 for GWASs (1,920 patients with PBC and 1,770 controls), which included 261 annotated genes derived from 6,760 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (P < 0.00001), and data set 2 for mRNA microarray analysis of liver biopsy specimens (36 patients with PBC and 5 normal controls), which included 1,574 genes with fold change >2 versus controls (P < 0.05). Hierarchical cluster analysis and categorization of cell type–specific genes were performed for data set 2. There were 27 genes, 10 pathways, and 149 upstream regulators that overlapped between data sets 1 and 2. All 10 pathways were immune‐related. The most significant common upstream regulators associated with PBC disease susceptibility identified were interferon‐gamma (IFNG) and CD40 ligand (CD40L). Hierarchical cluster analysis of data set 2 revealed two distinct groups of patients with PBC by disease activity. The most significant upstream regulators associated with disease activity were IFNG and CD40L. Several molecules expressed in B cells, T cells, Kupffer cells, and natural killer–like cells were identified as potential therapeutic targets in PBC with reference to a recently reported list of cell type–specific gene expression in the liver. Conclusion: Our integrated analysis using GWAS and mRNA microarray data sets predicted that IFNG and CD40L are the central upstream regulators in both disease susceptibility and activity of PBC and identified potential downstream therapeutic targets.
Meconium stained amniotic fluid in labour: A comparative study of maternal and foetal outcomes in a tertiary hospital, north-east Nigeria

The presence of meconium in Amniotic fluid has been associated with adverse labour outcome affecting both the mother and infant. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of the problem in our Hospital. It was a prospective cohort study, 63 pregnant women who presented at term in active phase of labour with meconium stained amniotic fluid [MSAF] were enrolled as cases. Another 63 pregnant women with clear amniotic fluid [CAF] were taken as control. The first minutes APGAR Scores of babies with MSAF were lower compared with those with CAF (P=0.001). There was increased Caesarean section rate, increased need for resuscitation and more neonatal intensive care admissions in babies with MSAF (p=0.04,0.001, 0.004 respectively. It was concluded that MSAF is associated with adverse labour outcome. Hence Hospitals in our region should be equipped with facilities required to detect and manage MSAF when it occurs.
The Italian postracial archive

ABSTRACT In conversation with recent works on the rise of right-wing populism, racism and crises across Europe and beyond, this article critically examines the ongoing reconfiguration of racism in Italy. By drawing on both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we argue that this reconfiguration is part of the emergent political and cultural reference of postraciality. Accordingly, we organize an archive of Italian postracial racism in two main chronological sections: from 2002 to 2008, the consolidation of a neoconservative block, openly anti-Islam and anti-migration, and fuelled by gender-based arguments; and from 2009 to 2018, the intensification of an “extremization” of racism and its postpolitical denial. In providing the first systematic analysis of postracial Italy, we aim to encourage both reflexive praxes tackling reconfigured racisms, and further national and supranational archives of the postracial present. Accordingly, in the conclusion we point at emergent race-conscious, anti-racist initiatives which oppose postracial racisms.
Extraction, Characterization and Application of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid from Cashew Nut Shells

In this study, cashew nut shell liquid has been extracted from cashew nut shells using an accelerated solvent extraction technique and was employed as a precursor for the synthesis of cashew nut shell liquid resin. The extract was a dark brown viscous liquid with an average yield of 30.61±0.200%. Results of the physical analysis showed a moisture content of 4.45±0.020% and a density of 0.95±0.300 gcm -3 . The percentage brix and refractive index were 76.20±0.001 and 1.47 ±0.010 respectively. Chemical characterization showed a pH of 5.65±0.003; acid value of 8.25± 0.200 mg KOH/g; ash content of 1.80±0.6%; free fatty acid of 4.12±0.400 mg KOH/g; ester value of 247.01±0.100 mg KOH/g and a saponification value of 255.26±0.800 mg KOH/g. The FTIR spectra revealed that cashew nut shell liquid is polymeric. These findings confirm that higher phenolic compounds which can be used as potential precursors in industrial applications could be obtained from agro wastes. Original Research Article Kyei et al.; CSIJ, 28(3): 1-10, 2019; Article no.CSIJ. 53190 2 Practical Applications: Cashew nut shell liquid, an extract from cashew nut shell, an agro waste has a wide range of functional products. A practical application is synthesis of a high viscous, flexible cashew nut shell liquid resin with physical properties that are consistent with literature and could also be further used in other industrial applications. Further processing of cashew nut shell for the development of value added products like resin can be a better option.
STATUS AND VALUE OF POLLINATORS AND POLLINATION SERVICES -A REPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS (Defra)

This commissioned review (Defra) considered how key environmental and economic pressures (e.g. land-use, disease) affected pollinator populations and communities and the pollination services they provide to wild plants and crops. The review summarized the evidence (or gaps in knowledge) for how changes to pollinators may limit pollination services. The ecological and economic impacts were considered with a focus on the main managed and wild pollinator groups involved in pollination services. Throughout the review the evidence basis, sources of uncertainty, knowledge gaps and research priorities were made clear. This report was influential in directly helping to shape the resulting National Pollinator Strategy and call for a national Pollinator Monitoring Scheme by Defra.
Does The Reformed Cancer Drug Fund Generate Evidence On Effectiveness? A Cross-sectional Analysis On Publicly Accessible Documentation

The Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) was reformed in 2016 with an ambition to generate new evidence on effectiveness, and to review existing drugs in the fund. We set out to evaluate: whether drugs transitioning from the old CDF were re-reviewed as planned; whether new drugs have a “data collection arrangement” (DCA) as planned; and whether evidence generated under the DCA using routine data from the “Systemic Anti-Cancer Treatment” (SACT) database was of high quality.We accessed documents from NHS England, Public Health England and NICE at August 2018. We calculated the proportion of old CDF drugs re-reviewed, and of new drugs and indications with a DCA. We described key features of the DCAs. For all SACT studies we set out to obtain a protocol in order to analyse the quality of the planned methods.47 old drugs and indications transitioned to the new CDF. For 14 there was no evidence of a re-review; 9 of these remain under CDF at August 2019 (all off-label uses). 33 had marketing authorisations: 22 of these had a review completed by September 2017 as planned (67%). 20 new drugs and indications entered the CDF by August 2018: 19 had a DCA; one (off-label) had no DCA or equivalent. All DCAs identify uncertainty about overall survival; all express an intent to conduct observational analysis using SACT data; SACT data was central to decision-making for 6 (32%). We were able to find 0 protocols of the 19 planned SACT studies (0). Following Freedom of Information requests we were told these protocols are prepared after the data are collected, and posted with the reappraisal: however we could not locate any protocol for either of the two published re-appraisals. We were therefore unable to assess the quality of the methods in any of the proposed SACT studies.The revised CDF has not been implemented as planned. Reporting of observational analyses in SACT data fall substantially short of best practice, and the full methods used cannot be established. There is very little information in the public domain around evaluation of off-label uses. Lastly, SACT data itself does not appear to be able to support clinical decision-making in the manner suggested by the CDF policy documents. NHS England should review the conduct of the fund, but also the planning, as unrealistic commitments may have been made.
Occupational Injuries among Dentists in Croatia

Objectives Dental profession is characterized by a high risk of injuries at work due to exposure to specific working conditions. The operating area in a patient's mouth is small, and it is handled by a large number of sharp instruments and drills that rotate at high speed, which creates an aerosol contaminated with particles of saliva and blood. This poses a risk of transmitting infections from patients to the dentist through stabbing incidents and cuts, which are some of the most common occupational injuries that are reported in the scientific literature. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of occupational injuries among dentists in Croatia, to establish most common injuries, and to determine the main risk factors. The aim of this research was also to determine the dentists’ opinion on causes that are responsible for the occupational diseases and injuries. Materials and methods The survey was conducted based on a sample of 406 dentists from Croatia as respondents to an electronic survey. Results 63.05% of the respondents suffered injuries caused by dental practitioners. The most common injuries were needle puncture incidents (57.75%) and cuts (20.86%), followed by eye injuries (13.37%), patient bite (4.81%) and punches (1.60%). The largest number of respondents stated the improper posture as the most important cause of occupational diseases and injuries, followed by stress, infection and noise. Conclusion Knowledge of risk factors is the first step of injury prevention. Our respondents were largely aware of the dangers surrounding them. Nevertheless, the frequency of injuries was high and there is still a need for preventive measures to minimize the frequency of injuries in dentistry.
In-service mathematics teachers’ knowledge and awareness of ethnomathematics approaches

This convergent mixed method study aimed at gaining insight into teachers’ awareness of ethnomathematics approaches and the ethnomathematical practices that could be used in the teaching and learning of geometry. The data were gathered through questionnaires and focus group discussions. The findings showed that the in-service teachers had varying definitions of ethnomathematics approaches and they were aware of the ethnogeometrical practices found in their cultural practices and experiences that could be integrated into the teaching and learning of geometry.
盾叶薯蓣灰霉病（Botrytis cinerea）的研究

对一种引起盾叶薯蓣叶、茎呈暗绿色至黑褐色水渍状软腐的病害进行了调查,并作了鉴定. 结果明确其为灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea Pers.Fr.)引起的一种新病害,根据症状和病原鉴定将该病称为盾叶薯蓣灰霉病. 该病原菌生长温度0～30℃,最适生长温度10～25℃. 病害在每年春季、夏初和秋末,雨水多的年份发生严重.
Immigration and Worker-Firm Matching

The process of matching between firms and workers is an important mechanism in determining the distribution of wages. In a labor market characterised by large dispersion of workers' productivity and worker-firm complementarity, high quality firms have strong incentives to screen for the quality of workers. This process will increase the positive quality association of firm-worker matches known as positive assortative matching (PAM). Immigration in a local labor market, by increasing the variance of workers abilities, may drive stronger PAM between firms and workers. Using French matched employer-employee (DADS) data over the period 1995-2005 we document that positive supply-driven changes of immigrant workers in a district increased the strength of PAM. We then show that this association is consistent with causality, is quantitatively significant, and is associated with higher average productivity and firm profits, but also with higher wage dispersion. We also show that the increased degree of positive assortative matching is mainly reached by high-productive firms "losing" lower quality workers and "attracting" higher quality workers.