Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Citrus Fiber on the Rheological Properties of Dough and Quality of the Gluten-Free Bread

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of citrus fiber for the nutritional enrichment and technological improvement of gluten-free bread. A partial replacement of starch in bread formulation was analyzed in terms of the dough’s rheological properties and selected quality parameters of the bread. The results allowed to conclude that the presence of citrus fiber modifies the rheological properties of the dough, causing an increase in storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values, as well as zero shear viscosity, accompanied with a decrease in instantaneous compliance (J0) and viscoelastic compliance (J1) to the applied stress, which reflects dough strengthening caused by significantly greater water binding and swelling properties characteristic of this ingredient. The introduction of the citrus fiber to bread formulations caused a significant decrease in bread volume and structure changes in crumb visible in the larger porosity and average pore size. The presence of citrus fiber affected texture, decreasing crumb hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness in comparison to the control. It could also be observed that the use of citrus fiber results in limited crumb hardening during storage, which indicates that this component could be an effective factor retarding the staling of the gluten-free bread based on starch and hydrocolloids.
Kinesthetic Metaphors for Precise Spatial Manipulation: A Study of Object Rotation

In this article, we report on our investigation of kinesthetic feedback as a means to provide precision, accuracy, and mitigation of arm fatigue in spatial manipulation tasks. Most works on spatial manipulation discuss the use of haptics (kinesthetic/force and tactile) primarily as a means to offer physical realism in spatial user interfaces (SUIs). Our work offers a new perspective in terms of how force-feedback can promote precise manipulations in spatial interactions to aid manual labor, controllability, and precision. To demonstrate this, we develop, implement, and evaluate three new haptics-enabled interaction techniques (kinesthetic metaphors) for precise rotation of 3D objects. The quantitative and qualitative analyses of experiments reveal that the addition of force-feedback improves precision for each of the rotation techniques. Self-reported user feedback further exposes a novel aspect of kinesthetic manipulation in its ability to mitigate arm fatigue for close-range spatial manipulation tasks.
Carbon export and fate beneath a dynamic upwelled filament off the California coast

Abstract. To understand the vertical variations in carbon fluxes in biologically productive waters, four autonomous carbon flux explorers (CFEs), ship-lowered CTD-interfaced particle-sensitive transmissometer and scattering sensors, and surface-drogued sediment traps were deployed in a filament of offshore flowing, recently upwelled water, during the June 2017 California Current Ecosystem – Long Term Ecological Research process study. The Lagrangian CFEs operating at depths from 100–500 m yielded carbon flux and its partitioning with size from 30 µm–1 cm at three intensive study locations within the filament and in waters outside the filament. Size analysis codes intended to enable long-term CFE operations independent of ships are described. Different particle classes (anchovy pellets, copepod pellets, and > 1000 µm aggregates) dominated the 100–150 m fluxes during successive stages of the filament evolution as it progressed offshore. Fluxes were very high at all locations in the filament; below 150 m, flux was invariant or increased with depth at the two locations closer to the coast. Martin curve b factors (± denotes 95 % confidence intervals) for total particulate carbon flux were +0.37 ± 0.59, +0.85 ± 0.31, −0.24 ± 0.68, and −0.45 ± 0.70 at the three successively occupied locations within the plume, and in transitional waters. Interestingly, the flux profiles for all particles < 400 µm were a much closer fit to the canonical Martin profile (b−0.86); however, most (typically > 90 %) of the particle flux was carried by > 1000 µm sized aggregates which increased with depth. Mechanisms to explain the factor of 3 flux increase between 150 and 500 m at the mid-plume location are investigated.
Comparison of admission rates to a non-traditional Doctor of Pharmacy programme using internet-based multiple-mini interviews versus on-site

Objective: To evaluate if applicants selecting internet-based interviews (iMMI) have the same probability for admission as traditional on-site interviews (MMI). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all applicants between 2014 and 2017 using routinely collected data. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of admission and models were adjusted for potential confounders. Confounders which were significant in the univariate analysis were selected for the multivariate model. Analysis was performed using XLSTAT. Results: There were 238 applicants. Admission rate was not different between iMMI and MMI applicants. Eight-four percent (84%) of applicants in iMMI and 80% in MMI were admitted leading to a crude odds ratio (OR) of 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 2.7) and an adjusted OR of 1.2 (95% CI 0.5 2.8). Conclusions: This study demonstrated similar admission rates suggesting that iMMI may be a viable option for wider use. This process may improve admission procedures for hard-to-reach applicants in pharmacy programmes. RESEARCH ARTICLE
Volatility Forecasts Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) and Index Stock Volatility Sector with Estimated Time Series

This study aims to explore the comparative ability of forecasting models and the time series volatility of capital markets in Indonesia using JCI daily index data and sectoral indices from January 2010 to December 2014. The use of ARCH-family ARCH model (1.1) and GARCH (1.1) used to capture symmetrical effects, while TGARCH (1.1), EGARCH (1.1), APGARCH (1.1) on asymmetric effects. The results show that JCI return has an asymmetrical effect and the closest forecasting model is EGARCH (1.1). Returns for AGRI, MINING, BASICIND, INFRA, FIN, TRADE indices also have asymmetrical effects but are modeled with TGARCH (1.1). Meanwhile, the MISCIND, CONSUMER, PROPERTY indexes have a symmetrical effect and are modeled with GARCH (1.1). These models can explain forecasting closest to the real as well as provide guidance investors in the Indonesia capital market as one of the emerging markets
Reproductive potential and nesting effects of Osmia rufa (syn. bicornis) female (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Abstract The red mason bee Osmia rufa is a solitary bee belonging to the family Megachilidae, and is prone to nest in aggregations. Each female builds a nest separately in pre-existing cavities such as holes in wood and walls or empty plant stems. This is done by successively setting the cells in a linear series. In this study, we elucidate the nesting behavior and the reproductive potential of a single O. rufa female. The reproductive potential of nesting females was evaluated after the offspring finished development. We observed that an individual female may colonize up to five nest tubes and build 5-34 cells in them (16 on an average). During the nesting time the number of cells decreased with the sequence of nest tubes colonized by one female, which built a maximum of 11 cells in the first occupied nest and 5 cells in the last (fifth nest). Our observations indicated that 40% of nesting females colonized one nest tube as compared to 7% colonizing five nest tubes. Furthermore, in subsequent nest tubes the number of cells with freshly emerged females gradually decreased which was the reverse with males. Thus, the sex ratio (proportion of male and female offspring) may change during the nesting period. The female offspring predominated in the first two nesting tubes, while in the subsequent three tubes male offspring dominated. We also cataloged different causes of reduction in abundance of offspring in O. rufa females such as parasitization or problem associated with moulting.
The Incidence and the Implications of Natural Infection with Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson on the Life-Table Parameters of Laboratory-Reared Culex pipiens L. Mosquitoes

During routine mass rearing of Culex pipiens L. , 46 % mortality rate was recorded among 3-day-old larvae in the late summer, 2014, at Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. An analysis of the water in the rearing plastic cups and the dead larvae revealed the presence of the fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson. A comparative study was carried out using life-table parameters of the fungal-infected population of Cx. pipiens and fungus-free population (control) under laboratory conditions (30 ± 0.10 °C, RH 52.5 ± 7.8 % and photoperiod 16L:8D). Fungal-infected stages of Cx. pipiens exhibited a decrease in longevity (larvae, 5.89 ± 0.063 days; adult males, 7.8 ± 0.75 days; adult females, 10.83 ± 1.6 days). The mean generation time of the healthy population (22.09 ± 0.82 days) was not significantly different from that of the infected population (22.25 ± 0.08 days), nearly the same mean generation time. The fungal-infected Cx. pipiens population replicated itself 4.62 ± 1.45 times with a very low exponential rate of daily increase of 0.0688 ± 0.0154/day. However, the fungus-free population showed a higher replication rate of 38.10 ± 11.80 times, with a higher daily rate of increase (0.1648 ± 0.0167/day). Females of the fungal-infected Cx. pipiens, exhibited a decrease in the fertility, 25.67 ± 7.70 eggs/female, as compared to the females from the control population, 163.29 ± 40.64 eggs/female. Data of the present study suggested the possibility of using N. rileyi as a safe bio-control agent against the development of the larvae of Cx. pipiens.
Irish Serpukhovian revisited

In this study of Mississippian rocks in Ireland, it is now recognized, based on faunal evidence, that several upper Viséan limestone formations which were previously excluded from the Serpukhovian now belong, in part, to the lower two substages of the Serpukhovian. A reassessment of previous foraminiferal determinations, together with new foraminiferal data, has confirmed that rocks equivalent to the Tarusian and Steshevian substages are present in several sections. In the Slievenaglasha Formation and Magowna Formation (County Clare) and Deer Park Formation (County Meath), Tarusian and Steshevian foraminiferal assemblages are thus recorded. In the Clogrenan Formation (County Carlow), Carganamuck Limestone Formation (County Armagh) and Rockdale Limestone Formation (County Tyrone), Tarusian foraminiferal assemblages are recorded in the upper beds of thick limestone successions. Key foraminiferal and algal taxa characterize each assemblage, which have been correlated with equivalent Serpukhovian strata in the north of England and Scotland. A three‐stage evolution is recognized in archaediscid foraminifers: from Neoarchaediscus gregorii, followed by Neoarchaediscus postrugosus form 1, and N. postrugosus form 2, with Neoarchaediscus postrugosus form 1 used to define the base of the Serpukhovian. The recognition of Tarusian and Steshevian foraminiferal assemblages implies that areas of shallow‐water platform carbonate sedimentation in Ireland during the upper Viséan (Brigantian) persisted into the Early Serpukhovian.
Biological Control for Suppressing Human Diseases : a Case Study of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolated Indigenously from East Java as a Natural Enemy against Aedes aegypti

1 Chapter 1. 7 1.1 Background. 7 1.2 Research objectives . 15 1.3 Research scopes and limitations . 16 1.4 Research framework . 17 1.5 Software utilization . 17 1.6 Dissertation backbone . 17 Chapter 2 . 19 2.1 A spatial and temporal distribution of Aedes aegypti in East Java, Indonesia from 2008 to 2010. 20 2.1.
Jordanian ostomates' health problems and self-care ability to manage their intestinal ostomy: a cross-sectional study

Background Ostomates have several physical, psychological and social health problems. These problems negatively impact the ostomates' quality of life. Aims This study aims to identify Jordanian ostomates' health problems and their self-care ability to manage their ostomies. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 168 Jordanian patients with intestinal ostomies. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect the data. Results On average, the participants’ physiological ostomy-related problem scores were 8.76 ± 2.37 (out of 13 problems) and the total score of self-care ability to manage their ostomies was 16.56 ± 2.62 (out of 24). About 22% of the participants had ‘moderately severe’ to ‘severe’ depression (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥15) and 33.9% had ‘moderate’ to ‘severe’ anxiety (seven-item General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire score ≥10). About half of the participants had exposure to teaching and/or training about ostomy care. About 85% of participants were willing to attend health education and training programmes about ostomy care. There was a significant correlation between high ostomates’ self-care ability to manage their ostomies and a low number of physiological health problems (r = −0.67, p = 0.04), a low depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9) score (r = −0.54, p = 0.039) and a low anxiety (seven-item General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire) score (r = −0.71, p < 0.027). Conclusions Health teaching and training about intestinal ostomy management, psychosocial support, follow-up assessment and treatment for ostomy-related problems are recommended for all ostomates.
The Impact of Ensemble Meteorology on Inverse Modeling Estimates of Volcano Emissions and Ash Dispersion Forecasts: Grímsvötn 2011

Volcanic ash can interact with the earth system on many temporal and spatial scales and is a significant hazard to aircraft. In the event of a volcanic eruption, fast and robust decisions need to be made by aviation authorities about which routes are safe to operate. Such decisions take into account forecasts of ash location issued by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) which are informed by simulations from Volcanic Ash Transport and Dispersion (VATD) models. The estimation of the time-evolving vertical distribution of ash emissions for use in VATD simulations in real time is difficult which can lead to large uncertainty in these forecasts. This study presents a method for constraining the ash emission estimates by combining an inversion modeling technique with an ensemble of meteorological forecasts, resulting in an ensemble of ash emission estimates. These estimates of ash emissions can be used to produce a robust ash forecast consistent with observations. This new ensemble approach is applied to the 2011 eruption of the Icelandic volcano Grímsvötn. The resulting emission profiles each have a similar temporal evolution but there are differences in the magnitude of ash emitted at different heights. For this eruption, the impact of precipitation uncertainty (and the associated wet deposition of ash) on the estimate of the total amount of ash emitted is larger than the impact of the uncertainty in the wind fields. Despite the differences that are dominated by wet deposition uncertainty, the ensemble inversion provides confidence that the reduction of the unconstrained emissions (a priori), particularly above 4 km, is robust across all members. In this case, the use of posterior emission profiles greatly reduces the magnitude and extent of the forecast ash cloud. The ensemble of posterior emission profiles gives a range of ash column loadings much closer in agreement with a set of independent satellite retrievals in comparison to the a priori emissions. Furthermore, airspace containing volcanic ash concentrations deemed to be associated with the highest risk (likelihood of exceeding a high concentration threshold) to aviation are reduced by over 85%. Such improvements could have large implications in emergency response situations. Future research will focus on quantifying the impact of uncertainty in precipitation forecasts on wet deposition in other eruptions and developing an inversion system that makes use of the state-of-the-art meteorological ensembles which has the potential to be used in an operational setting.
Cost-Efficient Weed Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Cultivation and Banded Herbicide Applications

Field studies were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to examine the interrelations of cultivation and herbicide band width in controlling pitted morningglory and sicklepod in soybean. Alachlor + imazaquin PRE followed by imazaquin + surfactant POST were not applied or were applied on bands 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 cm wide or were broadcast. Plots were cultivated zero, one, two, or three times. Without cultivation, at least a 60-cm wide band was needed to achieve maximum soybean seed yields. A slight linear increase in soybean seed yield in response to increasing band width was observed with one cultivation. With two cultivations, soybean seed yields were similar with and without herbicides, but a 15-cm wide herbicide band was needed to achieve maximum production with three cultivations. Greatest gross returns exclusive of weed management costs were realized with two or three cultivations and a 15-cm wide band.
The Legacy of the Slave Trade: Towards Identifying the Causal Impact of Mistrust in Medicine on Demand for Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa

There is a large body of anecdotal evidence from sub-Saharan Africa of widespread medical distrust leading to health program failures. In this paper, to isolate an exogenous variation in trust in medicine to explain contemporary health demand in sub-Saharan Africa, we rely on a widespread historical shock: the slave trade. We combine \possessivecite{NunnWantchekon2011} historical data on the slave trade by ethnic group with individual-level data, geolocated at the district level, from the 2010-2014 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to examine the reduced-form relationship between ancestors’ exposure to the slave trade and children vaccination status against measles. Exploiting variations both within countries and districts, we find that children from mothers whose ancestors were exposed to the slave trade are less likely to be vaccinated. The size of the effect offsets or even dominates the ones obtained for standard determinants of health demand, such as education or revenue. Evidence from a variety of identification strategies shows that the slave trade affects demand for vaccination only through trust in medicine. We then provide explanations for the persistent effect of the slave trade. Consistent with the economic approach, we identify religious affiliations and matrilineal lineage systems as important cultural transmission mechanisms. Consistent with the evolutionary anthropology approach, we point to the similarity of the environment across generations due to colonial and contemporaneous abusive medical treatments to explain persistence of optimal mistrusting behavior.
Evaluating the efficiency of a composite geosynthetic reinforcement in container yard pavements via laboratory plate load test

ABSTRACT This paper experimentally studies the efficiency of a multi-task geosynthetic comprised of a geogrid and a nonwoven geotextile layer in diminishing the required thickness of base course constructed over different soft subgrades in container yards pavements. In this research, a total number of 24 laboratory static plate load tests (PLT) were conducted in a large-scale steel test box. In all tests, the reinforcement was embedded at the interface of the base course and subgrade to get both reinforcing and separation functions involved simultaneously. The investigated parameter was bearing capacity coefficient K30 obtained directly from the results of laboratory PLTs through a 305 mm-diameter circular steel plate. Results illustrated that in the case of composite-geosynthetic inclusion, the required thickness of the base course could be reduced from 17 to 23 percent depending on the strength of the underlying subgrade layer. This could be both economically and environmentally instrumental in real heavy-duty pavement design. Moreover, considering the geosynthetic end-fixation led to better functionalities of all reinforcements in fixed-end models compared to free-end ones. The results also demonstrated that the efficiency of the geocomposite is contingent on the thickness of the base course. As the thickness increases, the efficiency of the reinforcement reduces.
Morphological and etiological investigations in a rotaviral enteritis outbreak in calves.

The aim of the present report was to describe the gross pathology and histopathologic findings and etiological investigations in a diarrhoeic syndrome outbreak in calves from the 24th h to 20th day of life. Clinically, affected animals exhibited profuse diarrhoea with yellow-greenish faeces mixed with mucus and blood. Rapid field tests Rainbow calf scour 5 BIO K 306 Detection of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli F5, Cryptosporidium parvum and Clostridium perfringens in bovine stool and ELISA was used for detection of Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli F5, Cryptosporidium parvum antigens. The results of tests were positive for Group A bovine rotavirus, and negative for all other tested etiological agents. The gastrointestinal tract macroscopic lesions observed during the gross pathological examination were of inflammatory nature. Microscopic lesions confirmed the catarrhal desquamative enterocolitis through marked lymphocytic infiltration and oedema of intersitial tissues and submucosa. Non-complicated rotaviral enteritis was capable of inducing pathological alterations of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal calves with high mortality rates.
Effect of Double Pulse Resistance Spot Welding Process on 15B22 Hot Stamped Boron Steel

Double pulse resistance spot welding process by applying a second step welding current is a new pathway to alter the mechanical properties for advanced high strength steels. Herein, the resistance spot welding (RSW) of hot stamped boron steel 15B22 by one-step and two-step welding with different welding currents is investigated. The results of the tensile–shear test, size of the weld nugget, hardness distribution, microstructure, and failure mode of different welding parameters are analyzed. The weldment of the two-step RSW with a higher heat input exhibits a lower tensile–shear load and lower fracture energy when the size of the weld nugget is large. The microstructural study reveals the appearance of a partially melted zone and sub-critical heat affected zone in the weldment where the fracture readily occurred. Thus, the two-step RSW process weakens the strength of the sample, which is attributed to the partial softening in the weldment due to the higher heat input.
The economic risk from COVID-19 in Pacific Island countries: very few infections but lots of pain

We forecast the economic loss from COVID-19 in Pacific Island countries using pre-pandemic data. Applying a risk measure proposed by Noy et al. (2020a. Measuring the Economic Risk of COVID-19. Global Policy. Forthcoming), we use pre-COVID data to compute principal component indices for exposure, vulnerability, and resilience to COVID risk in the Pacific. We rank all the Pacific Island Countries according to their risk profile. Alternatively, we use the concept of Lost Life-Years (LLY), developed in Noy (2016. A Global Comprehensive Measure of the Impact of Natural Hazards and Disasters. Global Policy, 7(1), 56–65), and derived from the World Health Organization’s Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) method. We use the calculations of LLY to examine economic loss based on the forecasted losses associated with the declines in tourism, and with future growth, as predicted by the Asian Development Bank. The ranking of risk across the Pacific countries for each of these alternative measures is then compared.