Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of occupational therapy supporting return to work for people who sustain serious injuries or develop long-term (physical or mental) health conditions: A systematic review

Introduction: People with long-term conditions or recovering from serious injuries can struggle to return to work. The evidence for occupational therapy supporting return to work is limited. We aimed to identify and explain how occupational therapy interventions work. Methods: Systematic review. Seven databases were searched between 1 January 1980 and 15 June 2022. Studies measuring work-related outcomes among individuals receiving occupational therapy during absence from paid work were included. Multiple reviewers independently contributed to screening, quality appraisal and data extraction processes. Data were analysed as a narrative. Results: Twenty studies with 3866 participants were included; 17 were assessed as having high risk of bias. Occupational therapy was inconsistently acknowledged affecting study identification and occupational therapy components were poorly described. Meta-analysis was unfeasible due to outcome heterogeneity. Individually tailored occupational therapy focused on return to work in musculoskeletal conditions indicated the most promising outcomes. Key intervention components included vocational assessment, goal setting and self-management. Key mechanisms of action included early intervention, individualised support and being responsive to needs. Conclusion: Occupational therapists’ contributions supporting return to work should be clearly attributed. Future effectiveness research should standardise the measurement of work outcomes to support meta-analysis. Developing a taxonomy for occupational therapy supporting return to work could facilitate comparisons across studies, highlighting occupational therapists’ roles and facilitating training and benefits to patients.
Role of Singlet Oxygen Quencher in Recharge Overpotential for Nonaqueous Lithium Air Batteries

Aprotic lithium oxygen batteries have gained enormous attention due to their high specific energy. However, while not compromising on rechargeability, the practical realization of the theoretically possible high specific energies has been elusive. Here, we use a singlet oxygen quencher, DABCO, and study the changes in recharge overpotential and parasitic reactions using a combination of galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements and gas analysis via differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. We find that the presence of quencher lowers the recharge overpotential. Interestingly, the higher concentration of quencher mediates electrolyte degradation and reduces oxygen evolution efficiency. Our results imply that a better understanding of the mechanisms and identifying stable additives that minimize parasitic chemistry during cell operation will be critical for rechargeable metal-oxygen batteries.
Revolution 2.0: Deciphering a cross-national newspaper discourse

In 2011, civil unrest erupted in Egypt quickly gaining a popular momentum that further led to the demise of President Hosni Mubarak. While certain media initially described the revolt as a Facebook revolution, this study specifically evaluated whether three distinct newspapers of record may have contributed to promulgating such a description. A content analysis of news articles (N = 869) published in The New York Times, The Guardian, and Daily News Egypt revealed that in fact the revolution was rarely attributed to social media and that newspapers varied in their tone of the coverage with Daily Egypt being more neutral. This study suggests that social media facilitated and accelerated the 2011 upheavals.
Dimensioning Flat Equivalent Radiators

We deal with the problem of modeling a radiator/scatterer using an equivalent radiator. The problem amounts at determining shape and size of a radiating surface <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathscr D}^{\prime} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> producing, on a region <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathscr D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, an electromagnetic field close to that generated by the primary radiator/scatterer. For a fixed equivalent radiator’s shape, we deal here with the dimensioning issue only. The approach exploits the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the operators relating the radiator/scatterer to the field on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathscr D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the equivalent panel to the field on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathscr D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The size of the equivalent radiator is determined by minimizing the error between the primary radiated/scattered field and that radiated using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathscr D}^{\prime} $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The error is expressed as a Hermitian, positive semidefinite quadratic form: the dimensioning problem thus consists of determining the size of the equivalent radiator maximizing its minimum eigenvalue. The maximization is performed by choosing the size value leading to an error dropping below a prescribed maximum tolerated threshold. We present numerical test cases for a planar radiator with rectangular shape.
Protective Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in Alzheimer’s Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury

The gaseous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) critically modulates a plethora of physiological processes across evolutionary boundaries. These include responses to stress and other neuromodulatory effects that are typically dysregulated in aging, disease, and injury. H2S has a particularly prominent role in modulating neuronal health and survival under both normal and pathologic conditions. Although toxic and even fatal at very high concentrations, emerging evidence has also revealed a pronounced neuroprotective role for lower doses of endogenously generated or exogenously administered H2S. Unlike traditional neurotransmitters, H2S is a gas and, therefore, is unable to be stored in vesicles for targeted delivery. Instead, it exerts its physiologic effects through the persulfidation/sulfhydration of target proteins on reactive cysteine residues. Here, we review the latest discoveries on the neuroprotective roles of H2S in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury, which is one the greatest risk factors for AD.
Data-Driven Design for Anomaly Detection in Network Access Control Systems

Current network access control systems can contain unpredictable interactions between multiple device models, multiple network protocol layers (e.g. TCP, UDP and ICMP), hardware, and clock-skew-specific influences, and cannot detect or identify abnormal behaviours based on the type of device. To complicate things further, the ‘bring your own device’ policy is increasing security threats, vulnerabilities, and risks to enterprise network environments, making intrusion detection and prevention systems unable to detect illegal and unauthorised access to devices in the enterprise network. The consequences can be disastrous. In this light, this work propose a simple but effective clustering approach capable of separating normal and abnormal network traffic patterns to detect such challenges (anomalies). The work in this paper applies this approach to single devices and aggregations of data per device type. Additionally, this work propose plotting the notched box for each cluster to acquire a better understanding of their data distributions and measuring the clusters’ performance using the Adjusted Rand Index. The results show that the proposed method is valid, can be used in several contexts, and features a 95% confidence that most single device and device type distributions overlap, which makes them equivalently usable for anomaly detection purposes.
The Synergistic Effect of Triazine and Phosphaphenanthrene Units on the Physico-Chemical Behavior of Polyimides

With the aim to develop polymers with appealing, multifunctional characteristics, a series of polyimides were designed by anchoring 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) units on the main polymer chains containing 1,3,5-triazine and several flexible moieties, such as ether, hexafluoroisopropylidene, or isopropylidene. A detailed study was conducted to establish structure–property correlations, with a focus on the synergistic effectiveness of triazine and DOPO moieties on the overall features of polyimides. The results evidenced good solubility of the polymers in organic solvents, their amorphous nature with short-range regular-packed polymer chains, and high thermal stability with no glass transition temperature below 300 °C. Spectrophotometric measurements revealed the existence of a strong charge transfer complex in these polymers that led to a “black” appearance, which generated broad absorption bands spanning on the overall visible range. Nevertheless, these polymers displayed green light emission associated with 1,3,5-triazine emitter. The electrochemical characteristics of the polyimides in solid state demonstrated their strong n-type doping character induced by three different structural elements with electron-acceptance capability. The useful properties of these polyimides, including optical, thermal, electrochemical, aesthetics, and opaqueness, endow them with several possible applications in the microelectronic field, such as protecting layers for the inner circuits against UV light deterioration.
Boundary Element Model Of The Human HeadExposed To An Electrostatic Field Generated ByVideo Display Units

The goal of this paper is to investigate the interaction between the electrostatic field of a Video Display Unit (VDU) and the human head located in front of it. Special attention is given to the field distribution over the surface of the face. The boundary element model for assessment of the electrostatic field, by solving Laplace equation for the electric potential, is implemented. The electrostatic field is calculated for two different faces and then compared to the results obtained by the other numerical methods. The advantage of the presented numerical method is a high resolution and a higher accuracy. The methodology development is equally applicable to other industrial electrostatic field problems.
Arc-Jet Tests of Carbon–Phenolic-Based Ablative Materials for Spacecraft Heat Shield Applications

We developed and tested two carbon–phenolic-based ablators for future Korean spacecraft heat shield applications. The ablators are developed with two layers: an outer recession layer, fabricated from carbon–phenolic material, and an inner insulating layer, fabricated either from cork or silica–phenolic material. The ablator specimens were tested in a 0.4 MW supersonic arc-jet plasma wind tunnel at heat flux conditions ranging from 6.25 MW/m2 to 9.4 MW/m2, with either specimen being stationary or transient. Stationary tests were conducted for 50 s each as a preliminary investigation, and the transient tests were conducted for ~110 s each to stimulate a spacecraft’s atmospheric re-entry heat flux trajectory. During the tests, each specimen’s internal temperatures were measured at three locations: 25 mm, 35 mm, and 45 mm from the specimen stagnation point. During the stationary tests, a two-color pyrometer was used to measure specimen stagnation-point temperatures. During the preliminary stationary tests, the silica–phenolic-insulated specimen’s reaction was normal compared to the cork-insulated specimen; hence, only the silica–phenolic-insulated specimens were further subjected to the transient tests. During the transient tests, the silica–phenolic-insulated specimens were stable, and the internal temperatures were lower than 450 K (~180 °C), achieving the main objective of this study.
Assessment of the weather research and forecasting model generalized parameterization schemes for advancement of precipitation forecasting in monsoon‐driven river basins

Some of the world's largest and flood‐prone river basins experience a seasonal flood regime driven by the monsoon weather system. Highly populated river basins with extensive rain‐fed agricultural productivity such as the Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, and Mekong are examples of monsoon‐driven river basins. It is therefore appropriate to investigate how precipitation forecasts from numerical models can advance flood forecasting in these basins. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to evaluate downscaling of coarse‐resolution global precipitation forecasts from a numerical weather prediction model. Sensitivity studies were conducted using the TOPSIS analysis to identify the likely best set of microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes, and spatial resolution from a total set of 15 combinations. This identified best set can pinpoint specific parameterizations needing further development to advance flood forecasting in monsoon‐dominated regimes. It was found that the Betts‐Miller‐Janjic cumulus parameterization scheme with WRF Single‐Moment 5‐class, WRF Single‐Moment 6‐class, and Thompson microphysics schemes exhibited the most skill in the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna basins. Finer spatial resolution (3 km) without cumulus parameterization schemes did not yield significant improvements. The short‐listed set of the likely best microphysics‐cumulus parameterization configurations was found to also hold true for the Indus basin. The lesson learned from this study is that a common set of model parameterization and spatial resolution exists for monsoon‐driven seasonal flood regimes at least in South Asian river basins.
Effect of Reynolds Number on Slip Factor of Centrifugal Pump for High-Viscosity Liquids.

In this paper, the performance test is carried out by the systematical change of blade number, blade outlet angle and the Reynolds number for pumping high-viscosity liquids, and the pump performance has required the slip factor in the maximum efficiency point. It was clarified that the slip factor depends upon the Reynolds number, blade number and blade outlet angle. In addition, the experimental formula for the slip factor including blade number, blade outlet angle and the Reynolds number has been presented from these results. Then, it was confirmed that this experimental formula predicts fairy well the experimental results in the region of low that Reynolds number. Further, this experimental formula are examined by comparing with the results of Toyokura et al. and the results of slip factor using the pump head of the finite blade number of impeller. It was shown that this experimental formula was useful in practical use for region of low the Reynolds number. These impellers used for the experiment are open type and two-dimensional except the near entrance. The blade thickness is 5 mm. The blade outlet angles are 10°, 20°, 40°, 60° and 73°, and the blade numbers are 3, 4, 6 and 8. The range of the Reynolds number of the experiment is 1.78×104∼2.67×106.
Can We Extend the Indications for Multilevel Surgery to Non-Ambulatory Children with Neuromuscular Diseases? A Safety and Efficacy Study

A retrospective study that aims to analyze the safety and efficacy of single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) involving bifocal femoral osteotomy (BFO) performed in nine non-ambulatory children with neuromuscular diseases (NMD), with a median age of 12.86 years, to resolve both hip subluxation and ipsilateral knee flexion contracture that impaired standing, and to evaluate patient and caregiver satisfaction. Results: Median surgical time was 4 h 15 min (2 h 35 min–5 h 50 min). Hip flexion deformity improved by a median of 30° (15–35), while median improvement in knee flexion deformity was 30° (20–50). Only two patients could use a standing frame prior to surgery, although with increasing difficulty, while all children could use it following SEMLS. Mean follow-up was 27.47 months (24.33–46.9). Significant blood loss requiring transfusion was the only complication recorded (8/9). All caregivers reported slight, moderate, or significant improvement in all domains of the questionnaire, and all would undergo the procedure again and recommend it to others, as nearly all (8/9) were very satisfied. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that SEMLS including BFOs in non-ambulatory children with NMD can correct hip, knee, and foot deformities and simultaneously realign lower limbs to restore functional standing and wheelchair transfer. The functional results, safety, and degree of satisfaction achieved justify offering this strategy to families.
Leishmaniasis: Immune Cells Crosstalk in Macrophage Polarization

Leishmaniasis is a complex infectious parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, belonging to a group of neglected tropical diseases. It establishes significant global health challenges, particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged regions. Macrophages, as innate immune cells, play a crucial role in initiating the inflammatory response against the pathogens responsible for this disease. Macrophage polarization, the process of differentiating macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, is essential for the immune response in leishmaniasis. The M1 phenotype is associated with resistance to Leishmania infection, while the M2 phenotype is predominant in susceptible environments. Notably, various immune cells, including T cells, play a significant role in modulating macrophage polarization by releasing cytokines that influence macrophage maturation and function. Furthermore, other immune cells can also impact macrophage polarization in a T-cell-independent manner. Therefore, this review comprehensively examines macrophage polarization’s role in leishmaniasis and other immune cells’ potential involvement in this intricate process.
Management of the Sickle Cell Trait: An Opinion by Expert Panel Members

The number of individuals with the sickle cell trait exceeds 300 million worldwide, making sickle cell disease one of the most common monogenetic diseases globally. Because of the high frequency of sickle cell disease, reproductive counseling is of crucial importance. In addition, unlike other carrier states, Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) seems to be a risk factor for several clinical complications, such as extreme exertional injury, chronic kidney disease, and complications during pregnancy and surgery. This expert panel believes that increasing knowledge about these clinical manifestations and their prevention and management can be a useful tool for all healthcare providers involved in this issue.
Backhopping-based STT-MRAM Poisson Spiking Neuron for Neuromorphic Computation

Spin-transfer-torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) is a proven technology for embedded non-volatile memory applications. The backhopping phenomena in STT-MRAM, whereby the resistance of the device oscillates under higher current, has been recently explored for emerging spiking neural network applications. We report a detailed characterization of backhopping in foundry compatible STT-MRAM having ~15kb bit-cell arrays by analyzing the behavior of backhopping spike rate versus applied current and temperature. Our study shows that the backhopping in STT-MRAM exhibits the Poisson statistics with a controllable spike rate with current that displays three regimes: non-backhopping, exponential and linear. This mimics the behavior of a rectified linear unit (ReLU) neuron, a commonly used activation function in deep learning models. A spiking neural network (SNN) communication channel is simulated using the derived statistics and a first principles mathematical framework to analyze the reliability performance of backhopping-based SNN in terms of trading-off the accuracy and applied current.
Mice as an Animal Model for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, and Viral Pathogenesis

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus, is principally transmitted by hematophagous mosquitoes, continually between susceptible animals and incidentally from those animals to humans. For almost a century since its discovery, JEV was geographically confined to the Asia-Pacific region with recurrent sizable outbreaks involving wildlife, livestock, and people. However, over the past decade, it has been detected for the first time in Europe (Italy) and Africa (Angola) but has yet to cause any recognizable outbreaks in humans. JEV infection leads to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic conditions to self-limiting febrile illnesses to life-threatening neurological complications, particularly Japanese encephalitis (JE). No clinically proven antiviral drugs are available to treat the development and progression of JE. There are, however, several live and killed vaccines that have been commercialized to prevent the infection and transmission of JEV, yet this virus remains the main cause of acute encephalitis syndrome with high morbidity and mortality among children in the endemic regions. Therefore, significant research efforts have been directed toward understanding the neuropathogenesis of JE to facilitate the development of effective treatments for the disease. Thus far, multiple laboratory animal models have been established for the study of JEV infection. In this review, we focus on mice, the most extensively used animal model for JEV research, and summarize the major findings on mouse susceptibility, infection route, and viral pathogenesis reported in the past and present, and discuss some unanswered key questions for future studies.
Transfer-matrix dynamic model of partly gain-coupled 1.55 /spl mu/m DFB lasers with a strained-layer MQW active grating

A dynamic model for partly gain-coupled 1.55 /spl mu/m MQW DFB lasers consisting of etched strained-layer multiquantum wells is presented. For the modulation and noise characteristics of DFB lasers, analytical expressions which take into account both the longitudinal distribution of laser parameters and carrier transport effects are derived for the first time using the transfer-matrix method. As a numerical example, the relaxation oscillation frequency is compared to experimental results, and reasonable agreements are obtained between the theory and experiment. >
Save the Amazon Rainforest!: Message Strategies of Charity Advertising in Social Media

A common advertising message strategy used in gaining donations is utilizing images provoking emotion, statistics that support the need, and anecdotal wording to appeal to empathy. Utilizing the Elaboration Likelihood Model, this research examines the impacts of advertising message strategies on donation intention towards an environmental issue, by using a 2 (anecdotal versus logical appeal) × 2 (visual versus no visual) experiment. In addition, this study seeks to find relationships among other important factors such as the feeling of guilt, prior donation history, message comprehension, involvement, and gender. A result from 591 respondents using AmazonTurk showed that logical appeal influences respondents’ intention to recommend the cause to others and donation intention. Females were prone to feel higher amounts of guilt than males, females were more likely to recommend donating to others than males, and previous donors had higher intentions to donate and recommend donating to others. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Thermodynamic Derivation of Yield Envelope Shapes

Thermodynamic Derivation of Yield Envelope Shapes E.T. R. Dean1 Summary The shapes of yield envelopes for soils and other materials are generally taken as the starting point of a macroscopic plasticity model. This paper shows that these shapes can be accurately predicted using recent advances in thermodynamics and the new concept of multi-scale patterns. Some implications for future models are discussed. keywords: Patterns, Thermodynamics, Yield Envelopes.