Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DUALITY OF STRUCTURE : STUDY OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL STRUCTURES ON-BOARD THE ROYAL MALAYSIAN NAVY SHIP

The combination of formal and informal structures on-board ship is believed to be a key in determining the capability of the ship crew to carry out their formal designated roles and tasks. Since the nature of a navy ship working environment is concerned with the compliance towards established formal regulations, an investigation into the interplay of formal and informal structures and the extent of such interplay in facilitating the ship crews to achieve the logistics mission objectives was established. This research examined the relationship between formal and informal structures of a single-case study-on board a Royal Malaysian Navy Ship Multi-Purpose Support Ship (MPCSS) ship-by examining the routine function of the ship crew as agents in helping the ship to achieve its mission, based on sensitizing concepts emerging from the interplay of formal and informal structures and the duality of structure (as described in structuration theory) narratives. Data collection for this study was made on using multiple qualitative research methods. This research found that the nature of the interplay of formal and informal structures were, while similar to other business organisation still differentiated due to the unique nature of the maritime mission at-hand as well as the nature of military culture on the navy ship. The significance of this finding is that the importance of informal structures lies in its positive impact on personnel adherence to formal structures (the standard operating procedures), personnel improved performance, and its role in complementing the formal structures. The practical implication of this research is with regards to the fact that RMN navy ships could nurture a supportive informal structure, hence, leveraging on the strength of the (informal) culture on-board the ship, to increase the effectiveness of ship crew and work performance.
Academic talent: Perceived challenges to talent management in the South African higher education sector

Orientation: Talent management is one of the most important and key strategic issues facing managers in the South African (SA) higher education sector. Research purpose: The study aimed to establish talent management challenges at one selected SA public higher education institution (HEI) which offers contact tuition in the Western Cape. Motivation for the study: Emerging trends show talent management has since presented unique sets of challenges in the SA higher education sector. SA needs to attract and retain academic talent to reach target levels of education and skills development and also ensure tertiary institutions accomplish their visions and missions. Research approach/design and method: We conducted the study using the interpretivist research paradigm. Semi-structured interviews were applied to a purposive sample of 7 human resource (HR) professionals from one selected HEI in the Western Cape. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Main findings: We established that workforce planning, compensation and rewards, training and development, succession planning, recruitment, selection, and performance management were negatively affecting the talent management practices of the selected HEI. Practical/managerial implications: HR professionals can use the study findings as a basis for understanding talent management challenges in a selected HEI and what causes these challenges. Contribution/value-add: The study establishes an insight into the talent management challenges of a selected HEI and provides reasons for what causes them. It also made several recommendations to the institution in order to solve the talent management challenges.
Pore‐size distribution and compressibility of coarse sandy subsoil with added biochar

Sustainable agricultural production on coarse sandy soil is constrained by the restricted growth of roots, and poor water and nutrient retention. Amending the soil with biochar can reduce these problems, but the processes involved are not known in detail. We investigated in the laboratory the effects of two fine‐grained gasification biochars made of straw (LTST) and other materials (LTSN) and of one fast pyrolysis straw biochar (FPST) on pore‐size distribution and soil compressibility when added to coarse sandy subsoil. Water retention and therefore pore‐size distribution were affected systematically. All biochars converted drainable pore space with pore diameters in the range 60–300 µm into water‐retaining pores of size 0.2–60 µm, which was taken as an estimate of available water capacity (AWC). Effects were linear over the whole range of biochar (0–4% by mass). The effect of LTST and LTSN on AWC (3.6% by volume per % biochar) was about 70% larger than the effect of the somewhat coarser FPST biochar (2.1% by volume per % biochar). The compression index increased linearly with biochar content without any significant effects from the type of biochar. The common least squares estimate of the slope was 21.2 kg m−3 %−1 by weight. The results reflect a strong interaction at the microscopic scale between biochar and soil rather than intrinsic properties of the added biochar.
Portable x-ray fluorescence measurement viability in organic rich soils: pXRF response as a function of organic matter presence

PORTABLE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENT VIABILITY IN ORGANIC RICH SOILS: PXRF RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF ORGANIC MATTER PRESENCE by ROOZBEH RAVANSARI AUGUST 2016 Advisor: Dr. Lawrence D. Lemke Major: Geology Degree: Master of Science Portable X-Ray fluorescence provides a cost effective method for producing rapid geochemical data. With advancements in X-Ray generation and detection technology, pXRF has become feasible for use on pedologic materials. Factors affecting pXRF soil measurements such as heterogeneity, moisture content, object geometry, and matrix interferences are widely recognized. However, the influence of organic matter on pXRF soil measurements is poorly understood. This study examined the influence of organic matter fraction on pXRF trace metal measurements in a soil matrix. Incremental addition of three organic matter surrogates (cellulose, graphite powder, and confectioner’s sugar) was used to investigate the influence of increasing organic matter content up to approximately 30%. Each organic matter surrogate was independently added to and homogenized with samples of Natural Resources Canada Till-1 standard reference material that was initially expunged of organic matter through combustion. Incremental addition was performed 20 times for each surrogate, and concentrations of arsenic,
Isogenic Lines: Reaction to the Kazakhstan Population of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)

In recent years, intensified development of stem rust of wheat has again been noted in the grain-growing regions of Kazakhstan. To determine the genetic basis of immunity in 2015 – 2019, the authors performed targeted studies in the conditions of the southeast and north of Kazakhstan on the natural and the artificially infectious backgrounds of inoculation. Their scientific novelty consisted in identifying effective Sr genes of wheat resistance to the Kazakhstan population of stem rust. The obtained results of the immunological assessment of the trap varieties show that most studied genotypes with the Sr genes were susceptible to the Kazakhstan population of stem rust. With that, the varieties carrying the Sr31 gene have been affected to varying degrees. It should be especially noted that the Sr31 gene in combination with the Sr24 gene ensured more reliable protection from the population of the stem rust pathogen. The authors have selected the obtained resistance genes by their efficiency: Sr2 complex; Sr11; Sr21; Sr31; Sr36; Sr39; Sr40, SrSatu; SrNin, as well as combinations of the Sr24 and 1RS-Am genes; Sr24.31; Sr6.31. 21; Sr6,24,36,1RSAm; Sr7a, Sr12, Sr6; and Sr31 absent. The authors recommend them as sources of resistance to the local stem rust population.
Associations of General and Abdominal Obesity with the Risk of Glioma Development

Simple Summary While obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of various types of cancer, conflicting results have been reported concerning the relationship between obesity and the risk of glioma. To date, no studies have evaluated the association between obesity and risk of glioma development in Eastern Asian populations, who usually have greater fat mass and less muscle and are more likely to develop several metabolic diseases than Western populations of the same body mass index (BMI) category. In this nationwide population-based study, we suggest, for the first time, positive associations of general and central obesity with the risk of glioma development. In addition, we demonstrate a stronger association between abdominal obesity and the risk of glioma development than BMI and the risk of glioma development. Abstract The association between obesity and the risk of glioma remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the potential association between general and abdominal obesity and the risk of glioma based on a nationwide population-based cohort study of Koreans. Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort, 6,833,744 people older than 20 years who underwent regular national health examination in both 2009 and 2011 were followed until the end of 2017. We documented 4771 glioma cases based on an ICD-10 code of C71 during the median follow-up period of 7.30 years. Individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 were at significantly higher risk of developing glioma than those with a BMI < 25.0 kg/m2 (HR 1.08 CI 1.02–1.15). Individuals with a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm (males)/85 cm (females) also had a significantly higher risk of glioma than those with a WC < 90 cm (males)/85 cm (females) (HR 1.16 CI 1.09–1.24). In the group with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, individuals with abdominal obesity were at significantly higher risk of developing glioma (HR 1.18 CI 1.09–1.27) than those without abdominal obesity. The role of abdominal obesity in this association was stronger in women than in men. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that obese people may be at higher risk of glioma, especially centrally obese people from an Asian population with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. Loss of visceral fat in people with abdominal obesity may reduce their risk of developing glioma.
Controlled Atmosphere Storage of 3 Italian Cultivars of Olives for Oil Production

The objective of this work was to verify the effect of cold storage and controlled atmosphere (CA) on long term storage of olives in relation to quality parameters of the extracted oil. 'Coratina', 'Leccino' and 'Ogliarola leccese' olives were stored in air at ambient temperatures (approximately 15 to 20°C), air at 5°C, and 2% O 2 in nitrogen at 5°C, in two replicates for treatment. Initially, and after 15 and 30 day samples were taken, oil was extracted with a laboratory scale milling plant. Before milling, respiration rate was measured with the static system. The following quality attributes were measured on oil samples: acidity (related to the presence of free fatty acid), peroxide value (peroxides are the first products of oxidation), coefficients of specific extinction at 232 nm (related to the presence of products of primary oxidation) and 270 nm (related to the presence of products of secondary oxidation), and oil stability (Rancimat test). 'Leccino' and 'Ogliarola leccese' olives showed a high incidence of decay after 30 days of storage in room conditions. Cold storage and controlled atmosphere had a significant effect on slowing down the respiration rate, and therefore, the metabolic activity of the drupes for all cultivars. Results on oil samples show a strong effect of low temperature storage on quality attributes. Results show a good potential for application in the olive oil industry in order to preserve quality of the product and to lengthen the processing season, while not many additional benefits can be attributed to the use of low oxygen. The implementation of cold storage of the fruit in the olive oil industry may lead to a general increment of oil quality and to the decrease of the incidence of capital costs due to the extension of the extraction season.
What determines client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia? systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction The uptake of Health services, maternal and newborn health care outcomes are dictated by the satisfaction of clients on the service provided. Client satisfaction is one of the vital indicators to measure the quality of service. However, it is not well addressed and little evidence is existed in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant of client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia. Methods This study has included published and unpublished articles. The main databases PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Medline, CINHAL, Poplin, and the search engine like Google and Google scholar were used from June1-30/2020. Studies with observational study design which are conducted in English language and met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Meta-analyses with random effects were performed. Data synthesis and statistical analysis were conducted using OpenMeta and CMA version 2 software. Results The pooled prevalence of client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia was 73.5% [95% CI [64.9%, 82.1%]. The pooled odds ratio showed a negative association between client satisfaction on labour and delivery service with Promptness of care [OR = 0.25; 95% CI: (0.18, 0.34), P = 0.0001], Free service charge [OR = 0.70; 95% CI: (0.57, 0.86), P < 0.0007], Privacy during examination [OR = 0.25; 95% CI: (0.10, 0.64), P < 0.004], Respectful maternal care [OR = 0.40;95% CI: (0.19, 0.83), P = 0.01], Plan to delivered at health facility [OR = 0.49; 95% CI: (0.37, 0.66), P < 0.00001] and ANC follow-up [OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.63, P < 0.0001]. Conclusions This review revealed that client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia was 73.5%. Besides poor care of providers on the antepartum, intrapartum and lack compassionate and respectful care affects client satisfaction on labor and delivery service in Ethiopia.
Hand-to-face contact behaviors during indoor activities in daily life among Korean adults: an observational pilot study using videotaping

OBJECTIVES Hand-to-face contact (HFC) is the major route for the self-inoculation of pathogens. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of HFC behaviors among Korean adults during indoor activities. METHODS Thirty participants were enrolled in the study, and 2 hours of videotaped data were collected from each participant. Contact data were recorded by examining the frequency and duration of HFC on the videos. Three training sessions were conducted for 2 readers to ensure the accuracy and reliability of videotape reading. Re-reading and verification of selected video data were performed to confirm intrapersonal and interpersonal validity. Contact exposure (CE) was determined by multiplying the contact frequency (CF) by the contact duration (CD) to quantify the intensity of contact during the observation time (2 hours). RESULTS A total of 3,007 HFCs (1,305 mucous membrane contacts and 1,702 non-mucous membrane contacts) were observed for 60 person-hours. The median CF (person/2 hr) of the mucous membranes (eye; 4.0, nose; 15.5, mouth; 16.5) was 39.5/person and the median total CD was 177.0 sec/person. The median CE (frequency-duration/sec/person) was 5,795.0 (mouth: 1,356.0, nose: 600.0, eye: 57.5). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the mouth and nose were the most frequent exposure sites for HFC. Avoiding habitual HFC, awareness of self-inoculation by HFC, and vigorous hand hygiene should be strengthened to prevent the spread of infections.
Novel therapeutic approaches for cutaneous T cell lymphomas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, characterized by malignant T cells infiltrating the skin. CTCL exhibits vast heterogeneity which complicates diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Current CTCL treatment includes skin-directed therapies (such as topical corticosteroid, topical mechlorethamine, topical bexarotene, ultraviolet phototherapy and localized radiotherapy), total skin electron beam therapy and systemic therapies. Elucidation of molecular and signaling pathways underlying CTCL pathogenesis leads to identification of innovative and personalized treatment schemes. Areas covered: The authors reviewed the molecular and immunological aspects of CTCL with special focus on Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Sézary Syndrome (SS) and associated systemic treatment. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles published until November 2020. Novel treatment approaches including retinoids, targeted therapies, immune checkpoint and JAK/STAT inhibitors, histones deacetylase (HDAC) and mTOR inhibitors as well as proteasome inhibitors, are discussed as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of CTCL. Expert opinion: Novel therapeutic agents exhibit potential beneficial effects in CTCL patients of high need for therapy such as refractory early stage cutaneous and advanced stage disease. Therapeutic schemes employing a combination of novel agents with current treatment options may prove valuable for the future management of CTCL patients.
Ultraearly thrombolysis by an anesthesiologist in a mobile stroke unit: A prospective, controlled intervention study

Acute stroke treatment in mobile stroke units (MSU) is feasible and reduces time‐to‐treatment, but the optimal staffing model is unknown. We wanted to explore if integrating thrombolysis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in an anesthesiologist‐based emergency medical services (EMS) reduces time‐to‐treatment and is safe.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the hard-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus, a widely distributed species from the temperate areas of East Asia

Abstract Background The hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) is widely distributed in the temperate seas of East Asia and is an important commercial bivalve in China. Chromosome-level genome information of this species will contribute not only to the development of hard-shelled mussel genetic breeding but also to studies on larval ecology, climate change biology, marine biology, aquaculture, biofouling, and antifouling. Findings We applied a combination of Illumina sequencing, Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies to construct a chromosome-level genome of the hard-shelled mussel, with a total length of 1.57 Gb and a median contig length of 1.49 Mb. Approximately 90.9% of the assemblies were anchored to 14 linkage groups. We assayed the genome completeness using BUSCO. In the metazoan dataset, the present assemblies have 89.4% complete, 1.9% incomplete, and 8.7% missing BUSCOs. Gene modeling enabled the annotation of 37,478 protein-coding genes and 26,917 non-coding RNA loci. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. coruscus is the sister taxon to the clade including Modiolus philippinarum and Bathymodiolus platifrons. Conserved chromosome synteny was observed between hard-shelled mussel and king scallop, suggesting that this is shared ancestrally. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that the pathways of catecholamine biosynthesis and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes might be involved in metamorphosis. Conclusions The chromosome-level assembly of the hard-shelled mussel genome will provide novel insights into mussel genome evolution and serve as a fundamental platform for studies regarding the planktonic-sessile transition, genetic diversity, and genomic breeding of this bivalve.
Detection and quantification of EGFR T790M mutation in liquid biopsies by droplet digital PCR

Background Liquid biopsy allows the identification of targetable cancer mutations in a minimally invasive manner. In patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is increasingly used to genotype the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). However, the sensitivity of this method is still under debate. The aim of this study was to implement and assess the performance of a ddPCR assay for detecting the EGFR T790M mutation in liquid biopsies. Methods A ddPCR assay was optimized to detect the EGFR T790M mutation in plasma samples from 77 patients with NSCLC in progression. Results Our ddPCR assay enabled the detection and quantification of the EGFR T790M mutation at cfDNA allele frequency as low as 0.5%. The mutation was detected in 40 plasma samples, corresponding to a positivity rate of 52%. The number of mutant molecules per mL of plasma ranged from 1 to 6,000. A re-biopsy was analyzed for 12 patients that had a negative plasma test and the mutation was detected in 2 cases. A second liquid biopsy was performed for 6 patients and the mutation was detected in 3 cases. Conclusions This study highlights the value of ddPCR to detect and quantify the EGFR T790M mutation in liquid biopsies in a real-world clinical setting. Our results suggest that repeated ddPCR tests in cfDNA may obviate tissue re-biopsy in patients unable to provide a tumor tissue sample suitable for molecular analysis.
The associations between prenatal cannabis use disorder and neonatal outcomes.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cannabis use disorder (CUD) during pregnancy has increased dramatically in the United States (US). This study examined the associations between prenatal CUD and adverse neonatal outcomes and heterogeneities in the associations by mothers' tobacco use status and race/ethnicity. DESIGN Population-based, retrospective cohort study. SETTING California, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4.83 million mothers who delivered a live singleton birth during 2001 to 2012 and their paired infants. Data were obtained from mother-infant linked hospital discharge records and birth and death certificates. Identified by ICD-9 codes recorded at delivery, 20 237 mothers had prenatal CUD. MEASUREMENTS Neonatal outcomes included length of gestation, preterm birth, birth weight, admission into neonatal intensive care unit, hospitalization within 1 year of birth, and death within 1 year of birth. Propensity score matching was used to balance maternal, paternal, and infant characteristics in the comparisons between infants exposed and unexposed to prenatal CUD. FINDINGS CUD increased from 2.8 to 6.9 per 1000 deliveries during 2001 to 2012. Multivariable regressions in matched samples estimated that prenatal CUD was associated with greater odds of being small for gestational age (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.18), preterm birth (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.12), low birth weight (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.20), and death within 1 year of birth (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.62). Compared with infants whose mothers were tobacco non-users, infants whose mothers were tobacco users had greater odds of preterm birth, low birth weight, hospitalization, and death in association with prenatal CUD. Compared with infants whose mothers were non-Hispanic White, infants whose mothers were Hispanic had greater odds of hospitalization and death and infants whose mothers were non-Hispanic Black had greater odds of being small for gestational age in association with prenatal CUD. CONCLUSION Prenatal cannabis use disorder appears to be associated with escalated odds of major adverse neonatal outcomes, with heterogeneities in the associations by mothers' tobacco use status and race/ethnicity.