Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEW PLAYMAKER IN SCIENCE EDUCATION: COVID-19

Nowadays, we all are sitting in our homes and watching what is going on in the world, as if we are watching a science fiction movie, in which we have the leading role. Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), which first appeared in Wuhan (Abdulamir, & Hafidh, 2020; Ait Addi et al., 2020 Aljofan, & Gaipov, 2020; Sorooshian, 2020) and later turned into a pandemic affecting the entire world, does not discriminate between the degree of democracy, finances, religion, gender, ethnicity and region. World is a fireplace and we all are “burning”. In the countries where the pandemic is progressing rapidly, all health professionals, regardless of their area of expertise, have been called to the field. This reminds us of the need to revive the general perspective that we have begun to forget. That is to say, no matter how specific our area of expertise is, we are obliged to keep the general perspective of our field and basic doctrines constantly fresh.
A non-paradoxical dose response to 17α-methyltestosterone by Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.): effects on the sex ratio, growth and gonadal development

Commercial tilapia production is dependent on monosex culture, commonly obtained through the inclusion of an androgen in the diet for a brief period soon after hatch. To determine a minimum effective dose and identify the problems associated with over-dosing, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry were fed diets containing methyltestosterone (MT) at rates up to 1200 mg kg⁻¹ of diet for 28 days. The minimum effective dose for ≥95% males was 14 mg MT kg⁻¹ diet. Percent phenotypic males increased as the rate increased from 3.75 (80%) to 30 mg kg⁻¹ MT (99%). Methyltestosterone given at rates of 120 mg kg⁻¹ or more reduced efficacy but did not result in a reduced frequency of males relative to that of non-treated fish. The term ‘paradoxical feminization' does not adequately describe the observed sex ratios, where no fish were feminized but the efficacy of MT at high doses to masculinize females was reduced. At 1200 mg MT kg⁻¹, the frequency of females (48 ± 1%) was not different from that in the non-treated population. The mechanism for the reduced efficacy is not clear and is not adequately explained as an aromatization of androgen to oestrogen response.
A review on role and use of gibberellic acid (GA3) in flower production

The plant growth regulators consist of a large group of naturally occurring or synthetically produced organic chemicals and considered as helping tool in the modern production system of flowering plants. Plant growth regulators are being used by the commercial growers of ornamental plants as a part of cultural practice. Plant growth regulators have quicker impact on vegetative as well as flower yield of flowering crops. Among them, Gibberellic Acid (GA3) plays important role in flower production, quality and yield of the flower crops. The Gibberellic Acid (GA3) is a tetracyclic di-terpenoid compound and a plant hormone stimulating plant growth and development. GAs stimulate seed germination, trigger transitions from meristem to shoot growth, juvenile to adult leaf stage, vegetative to flowering, determines sex expression and grain development along with an interaction of different environmental factors viz., light, temperature and water. The production of flower with good quality flowers has greater importance. Their exogenous application helps to improve the different economically important and market desirable characteristics of flower plants. As it have various advantages like less time consuming to treat the plant and environment friendly. Use of growth regulators in flowering crops must be specific their action and toxicologically and environmentally safe. The physiological activities of flowering crops regulate by the application of growth regulators like GA3 has finally affect the growth and flower production in flowering crops. There are various factors contributing to the efficacy of plant growth regulators among them the method of application plays a key role in determining the effectiveness of plant growth regulators, as they can be effective if properly absorbed by plants. The physiological activities of flowering crops regulate by the application of growth regulators and finally affect the growth and flower production in flowering crops. In this review, we have summarised critically on the role and use of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on flower production of commercial crops.
Effect of platelet rich plasma in osteoarthritis knee-A short term follow up

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful chronic degenerative joint. As of now, there are less options available for patients with mild to moderate arthritis. Most of the approaches are palliative and address the symptoms rather than influencing the biochemical environment of the joint or the disease process.PRP is a newer treatment option emerging in the recent times and its efficacy needs to be examined in our population and hence the study. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective, observational, time bound, hospital-based study conducted from November 2017 to May 2019, after obtaining institutional Ethical committee approval. 60 primary OA knee joints, included in this study, selected from R L Jalappa Hospital and Research centre, Department of Orthopaedics, Kolar. Autologous PRP prepared and infiltration was done under strict aseptic conditions. Patients assessed with WOMAC scoring &VAS for pain, before giving the PRP injection & after giving the injection at periods of 1 month, 3 & 6 months. The decrease in WOMAC & VAS scores was suggestive of improvement in patient’s condition. Results: Significant difference was observed in mean VAS and WOMAC total scores. No local or systemic complications noted during the study period. The mean VAS score at baseline was 7.08 ± 0.79 and the decrease in mean VAS score continued up to six months follow-up that is 2.78 ±1.22 (P value <0.001). The mean WOMAC Total at baseline was 66.20 ±7.63 and the decrease in mean WOMAC Total continued up to six months follow-up that is 19.95 ±11.69 (P value <0.001).
Balanced use of fertilizers and FYM to enhance nutrient recovery and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv UP-2382) in a Mollisol of Uttarakhand

A soil test crop response trial was conducted on Mollisol (fine mixed loamy hyperthermic aquic hapludoll) in G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand with wheat (var. UP-2382) and the comparative efficiency of different levels of organic and inorganic nutrients and their impact on yield, uptake and their efficiency have been studied. The effect of fertilizers indicated that grain and straw yields of wheat were increased more prominently with the addition of 150 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 50 kg K2O and 5 t of FYM ha−1. The same combination of nutrient provided highest nutrient recovery (19.8, 9.9, 24.0%) and return (8.60, 3.23, 8.40 Rs.Re−1). However, increased level of N-P2O5-K2O never ensured for increased nutrient efficiency, as they manifested highest value at lowest doses (100 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O ha−1). FYM incorporation along with inorganic nutrients considerably enhanced the yield and nutrient uptake and hence highest nutrient recovery and economic return obtained by application of 5 t of FYM ha−1 under INM. Added fertilizer nutrients in combination with organic nutrients showed its positive effect in enhancing the fertilizer use efficiency/recovery and economy.
Accounting Information and Market Value of Quoted Manufacturing Firms: Panel Data Evidence from Nigeria

This study the relationship between accounting information and the market value of quoted firms in Nigeria. The general objective was to examine if accounting information have any effect on market value of quoted firms. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of 23 manufacturing firm from 2008-2017. Market value of the firms was modeled as a function of earnings per share, return on equity and dividend per share. Ordinary least square method of cointgration, unit root and granger causality test was used to determine the extent to which human resource cost affect quality of financial report. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model. The study found that the independent variables explained 79 percent variation on the market value of the quoted firms. The beta coefficient of the variables indicates return on equity; earnings per share, dividend per share have positive effect on the market value of the quoted firms. From the regression summary, the study concludes that there is significant relationship between accounting information and market value of the quoted firms. The study recommends that management of the firms should formulate dividend policy that enhances the market value of the firms. Corporate strategies should be directed toward internal and external factors that affect earnings per share.
Diversifying cropping systems enhances productivity, stability, and nitrogen use efficiency

Correspondence Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2. Email: mervin.stluce@canada.ca Abstract Long-term field experiments are useful for determining cropping system productivity, stability, and resource use efficiency. With 12 yr (2004–2015) of data from five cropping systems on a long-term experiment (> 30 yr) under semiarid conditions in Saskatchewan, Canada, a systems-approach was used to compare grain and protein yield, stability, nitrogen (N) dynamics, N fertilizer (FUEG,P), and available N use efficiency (NUEG,P) for grain and protein. Annualized grain and protein yields for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-canola (Brassica napus L.)-wheat-field pea (Pisum sativum L.; W-C-W-P) were 2244 and 372 kg ha−1, respectively, 14 to 38% and 33 to 66% higher, respectively, than continuous wheat (ContW), summer fallow-wheat-wheat-wheat (F-W-W-W), F-W-W, and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) green manure-wheat-wheat (GM-W-W). Fallow systems were the most stable, but less productive and well-adapted to low-yielding conditions, while GM-W-W was the least stable and poorly adapted. The ContW had below-average stability and was better suited to high-yielding conditions for grain. The W-C-W-P consistently produced above-average yields, and was best suited for high-yielding conditions for grain and protein. The ContW and W-C-W-P had the highest NUEG (26.4 g kg −1) and NUEP (4.1 g kg −1), respectively, with GM-W-W having the lowest (18.1 and 2.7 g kg−1); FUE was the reverse of NUE. This long-term study showed that diversified cropping systems that include pulses can more consistently produce higher grain and protein yields, regardless of growing conditions, than most other systems with lower N fertilizer inputs, thereby potentially reducing the negative environmental consequences associated with N fertilizer application.
A continued role of Short-Lived Climate Forcers under the Shared Socioeconomic
Pathways

Mitigation of non-CO2 emissions plays a key role in meeting the Paris Agreement ambitions and sustainable development goals. Implementation of respective policies addressing these targets mainly occur at sectoral and regional levels, and designing efficient mitigation strategies therefore relies on detailed knowledge about the mix of emissions from individual sources and their subsequent climate impact. Here we present a comprehensive dataset of nearand long-term global temperature responses to emissions of CO2 and individual short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) from 7 sectors and 13 regions – for both present-day emissions and their continued evolution as projected under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). We demonstrate the key role of CO2 in driving both nearand long-term warming and highlight the importance of mitigating methane emissions from agriculture, waste management, and energy production as the primary strategy to further limit near-term warming. Due to high current emissions of cooling SLCFs, policies targeting end-of-pipe energy sector emissions may result in net added warming unless accompanied by simultaneous methane and/or CO2 reductions. We find that SLCFs are projected to play a continued role in many regions, particularly those including lowto medium-income countries, under most of the SSPs considered here. East Asia, North America, and Europe will remain the largest contributors to total net warming until 2100, regardless of scenario, while South Asia and Africa south of the Sahara overtake Europe by the end of the century in SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5. Our dataset is made available in an accessible format, aimed also at decision makers, to support further assessment of the implications of policy implementation at the sectoral and regional scales.
Short Communication: Optimization of extraction of sulfhydryl compounds from several legumes seeds in Indonesia with various ethanol concentrations

Wardatun S, Harahap Y, Mun’im A. 2020. Short Communication: Optimization of extraction of sulfhydryl compounds from several legumes seeds in Indonesia with various ethanol concentrations. Biodiversitas 21: 1060-1064. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (petai Cina), Parkia speciosa Hassk. (petai), and Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen (jengkol) seeds extracts contain sulfhydryl compounds and have various therapeutic properties. The main objective of this research was to compare the effect of various ethanol concentration on the yield of extract and levels of sulfhydryl compounds from leguminous seeds. Dried seeds were macerated at room temperature (25C) with a ratio of solids and solvents was 1:10. The solvent concentrations used were 30%, 50%, 70% and 96% ethanol. The yield of extract was expressed as the ratio of the weight of extract to the weight of dried seeds, the level of sulfhydryl compound was expressed as reduced L-glutathione (GSH) equivalent. The level of sulfhydryl compounds was determined by Ellman reagent and further analyzed using a spectrophotometer at 411 nm wavelength. Stink bean produced the highest yield of extract, while the highest level of sulfhydryl compounds was obtained from petai cina seed extract. The concentration of ethanol gave a significant difference to the yield of extract and the level of sulfhydryl compounds. The results showed that ethanol concentration affected the efficiency of the extraction of total sulfhydryl compounds and the yield of the extract on leguminous seeds.
EFEITO DA ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA SOBRE A QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DE MELOEIRO (Cucumis Melo L.)

O trabalho realizado teve como objetivo verificar efeito da adubacao orgânica sobre a qualidade de frutos de meloeiro (Cucumis melo). O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em cinco blocos de 1000 m2 , com a variedade “Amarelo” AF 646. Inicialmente o solo foi arado, gradeado, fertilizado (700 kg/ha de MAP). O suprimento de agua se deu via sistema de irrigacao localizada por gotejamento, com vazao por gotejo da ordem de 1,5 L.h-1. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: testemunha, aplicacao 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 t/ha de esterco bovino curtido. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizado, com 5 repeticoes e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para o contraste de medias. A colheita dos frutos foi realizada aos 63 dias apos o plantio. O teor de solidos soluveis foi determinado por refratometria e teve os resultados expressos em o Brix. Os teores de solidos soluveis variaram entre 6,78 e 8,35 °Brix, valores considerados baixos, ja que o mercado internacional exige no minimo 9 °Brix. Isto pode ser explicado devido a diferenca de metodologia aplicada, neste caso, a polpa foi processada e homogeneizada para entao fazer a analise por refratometro, enquanto que erroneamente a analise e feita diretamente com a parte externa da polpa (mais doce). A analise estatistica de contraste de medias mostrou que nao ha diferenca significativa entre os tratamentos. A adubacao orgânica nao influenciou o teor de solidos soluveis na variedade de melao e nas doses analisada.
Identification and Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Adenoid Tissue of Adenoidectomized Children: Emergence of Staphylococcus aureus as the Most Prevalent Pathogen

Background: Adenoids act as reservoirs for pathogenic bacteria and chronic adenoid infection leads to its hypertrophy. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in children by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 adenoid tissues were taken from children with adenoid hypertrophy in the operating room under general anesthesia conditions. The isolation and detection of bacteria were performed by culture and PCR methods. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by the disc agar diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterium (102; 51%) isolated by the culture method, followed by S. pneumoniae (44; 22%), M. catarrhalis (33; 16.5%), and H. influenzae (6; 3%). By multiplex PCR, the detection rate of microorganisms was as follows: S. aureus 40.5% (n = 81), S. pneumoniae 15.5% (n = 31), M. catarrhalis 11% (n = 22), and H. influenzae 4% (n = 8). Haemophilus influenzae strains were sensitive to all of the tested antibiotics. Seven S. aureus isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and identified as MRSA. Conclusions: This study showed the importance of S. aureus in the etiology of adenoid hypertrophy as the most frequent isolate. It may be due to the long-term duration of adenoid hypertrophy in children that helps the colonization of S. aureus in adenoid tissue and leads to chronic infection.
A Better Understanding of Fishery Cooperatives in the Aegean, Turkey

This study assesses the current status of fishery cooperatives located on the Turkish Aegean Sea coasts and focuses on their characteristics, activities and problems. For this, 93.4% (n = 57) fishery cooperatives’ managers were interviewed. These fishery cooperatives were categorised into two groups according to their locations-Izmir metropolis where the Central Fish Market is located and the rest of the cities and non parametric statistical tools were employed to analyze the data collected. The results indicated that there are significant differences between the two groups when considering providing inputs, number of cooperative members, number of vessel owners, number of fishery depended members, attendance to general assembly, fulfilment of cooperative’s objectives, membership fee payment and lack of interest. These results may be of any help to the decision makers and managers to be more aware of the cooperatives problems and to design region-based strategies for better management of fishery cooperatives for the area under investigation and similar places elsewhere.
A paleontological perspective of vertebrate origin

The Early Cambrian Haikouichthys and Haikouella have been claimed to be related to contribute in an important way to our understanding of vertebrate origin, but there have been heated debates about how exactly they are to be interpreted. New discoveries of numerous specimens of Haikouichthys not only confirm the identity of previously described structures such as the dorsal and the ventral fins, and chevron-shaped myomeres, but also reveal many new important characteristics, including sensory organs of the head (e.g. large eyes), and a prominent notochord with differentiated vertebral elements. This "first fish" appears, however, to retain primitive reproductive features of acraniates, suggesting that it is a stem-group craniates. A new order (Myllokunmingiida) and a new family (Myllokunmingiidae) are erected, and a new species, Zhongjianichthys rostratus (gen. et sp. nov.), is described herein. Over 1400 newly-discovered specimens of Haikouella provide a wealth of anatomical information on this organism. It differs from chordates in many organs and organ systems, including the skin, muscles, respiratory, circulatory and nervous systems. In contrast, its body-design resembles that of vetulicolians, and the presence of a "transitional" nervous system with both dorsal and ventral nerve cords suggests an affinity with living hemichordates. On the basis of these and other recent findings of fossil deuterostomes, a five-step hypothesis for vertebrate origin is proposed, intended to bridge the long- standing gap between protostomes and vertebrates. Four of the five steps accord with established ideas current in modern evolutionary zoology. Evidence for the first step is obtainable only from fossils, and specifically from fossils found from South China, hence the crucial importance of S. China sites for our understanding of early vertebrate origins and evolution. Accordingly, South China is suggested as the oldest-known birthplace of the whole vertebrates.
Environmental influences on the physiological and behavioural growth responses in salmonids; with reference to the growth-dip phenomenon

This research thesis was supported by Nutreco Aquaculture Research centre / Marine Harvest (Stavenger, Norway) and the University of Stirling, as well as the Fisheries Society of the British Isles for providing a small research grant towards the cost of the hormone analysis. by Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre / Marine Harvest and University of Stirling
Dynamics of food choice and sensory specific satiety

Since the problem of overweight increases, the development of tools to manage energy intake is important. The author studied two issues that affect total energy intake: food choice and food intake. She investigated differences between people in their ability to transform healthy food choice intentions into action. Moreover, she investigated food properties that promote sensory specific satiety. This is an important factor in the termination of consumption. Especially susceptible for not translating their healthy food choice intentions into action were males, lower educated people, people with a low self-control, and people who are not used to consuming healthy foods. Health promotion policy should therefore focus on those groups. Consumption of high intensity foods appeared to promote sensory specific satiety. Also consumption with small bites or sips promotes sensory specific satiety. This knowledge could be used for the development of highly satiating foods.
Ethnic penalty and occupational mobility in the Italian labour market

The article examines the occupational mobility of immigrants in Italy in a double perspective. First, this work compares immigrants and natives in order to understand whether, and to what extent, in a country characterized overall by low social mobility, natives and migrants have the same chances for improving their social position, or the latter are disadvantaged on an ethnic basis that affects their career (research question 1). Then, the article investigates what are the factors (referring to immigrants’ human capital, socio-cultural assimilation process and ethnic network) fostering occupational mobility among immigrants (research question 2). We conduct an ordinary least squares analysis on microdata from two retrospective cross-sectional surveys, for natives and migrants, with the same sample design, questionnaire structure and variable classification, thereby allowing the comparison of results. The empirical findings confirm that intra-generational occupational mobility in Italy is overall very limited but that geographical origin is a significant factor influencing upward mobility. Thus, the existence of an ethnic penalty is confirmed. Furthermore, among migrants, high human capital improves (short-range) upward mobility, while the socio-cultural assimilation process only partly leads to economic assimilation. Conversely, the recourse to the ethnic network acts as a trap in low-qualified occupational careers, hindering an improvement of socio-economic position.