Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Pilates Exercise Training Combined with Walking on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Functional Capacity, and Disease Activity in Patients with Non-Radiologically Confirmed Axial Spondylitis

The objective of the study was to examine the effects of Pilates exercise training combined with walking on cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and disease activity in patients with non-radiologically confirmed axial spondylitis (nr-axSpA). Thirty patients with nr-axSpA (seven women (90%), with a mean age of 46.07 ± 10.48 years old and C-reactive protein (CRP) 2.26 ± 2.14 mg/L) were randomly divided into two groups: A (n1 = 15 patients) and B (n2 = 15 patients). Group A followed a 6-month home-based Pilates exercise training program, while Group B remained untrained until the end of the study. A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), timed up and go test (TUG), five times sit-to-stand test (5×STS), sit-and-reach test (SR), back scratch test for the right (BSR) and the left arm (BSL), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) were applied to all patients, both at the beginning and at the end of the study. After 6 months, Group A showed higher values in exercise time by 37.41% (p = 0.001), higher peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) by 25.41% (p = 0.01), a higher ratio between oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate (VO2/HRmax) by 14.83% (p = 0.04), and higher SR by 18.70% (p = 0.007), while lower values were observed in TUG by 24.32% (p = 0.001), 5×STS by 12.13% (p = 0.001), BASDAI score by 20.00% (p = 0.04) and ASDAS score by 23.41% (p = 0.03), compared to Group B. Furthermore, linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation in Group A between BASDAI and 5×STS (r = 0.584, p = 0.02), BASDAI and TUG (r = 0.538, p = 0.03), and ASDAS and 5×STS (r = 0.538, p = 0.03), while a negative correlation was found between BASDAI and VO2peak (r = −0.782, p < 0.001), ASDAS and SR (r = −0.548, p = 0.03), and ASDAS and VO2peak (r = −0.659, p = 0.008). To sum up, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and disease activity improved after a long-term Pilates exercise training program in patients with nr-axSpA.
Inherited traumas in diaspora: postmemory, past-presencing and mobilisation of second-generation Kurds in Europe

ABSTRACT This article examines the way in which conflict-generated diasporas pass on collective memories of a violent past onto the next generation. It contributes to uncovering the intergenerational memory transmission patterns in the diaspora by examining how new generations inherit the experiences of a violent past from their parents and mobilise and demobilise around issues concerning such past. By focusing on the Kurdish diaspora as a case study, the authors suggest that diasporas gradually form collective memories that may align with or differ from the narratives of those who stayed in their home countries. The collective memory of diasporic communities is also shaped by various factors related to their new countries of residence. This diasporic memory is ever evolving, influenced by each new generation that not only inherits but also reinterprets the shared memories, asserting their own agency in this ongoing process.
Formation of Multiple Basins above Low Angle Detachments; A Centrifuge-Model Approach

Extended scaled centrifuge models, simulating lithospheric deformation, show that depocenters of sedimentary basins, formed above lithospheric detachment zones, migrate both in space and time. If associated with a low-angle mantle detachment, this migration results in formation of multiple basins from a single phase of model extension. Unlike the multiple detachment model proposed for formation of multiple basins or models invoking transtensional deformation, the current analogue models suggest that multiple basins may form due to continuous displacement along one single low-angle detachment during orthogonal rifting. Model results suggest that the geometry and location of sedimentary basins are strongly dependent on the coupling between the upper crust and mantle lithosphere by the ductile lower crust, and the dip of the prescribed “fault/shear zone” in the mantle lithosphere. Steeply dipping lithospheric detachment enhances coupling and hence formation of a single basin in the upper crust above the maximum asthenospheric upwelling in the centre of the rift. In contrast, low-angle detachment in the lithosphere promotes decoupling of the upper crust and any resulting basins from the underlying mantle lithosphere. The dip angle of the mantle detachment affects both location and geometry of the basin. A low-angle shear zone in the mantle lithosphere decouples the broad sag in the upper crust, whereas a steep shear zone promotes coupling and initiates narrow, but deep basins.
Marine litter monitoring by Northern Fulmars in the Netherlands 1982-2003

Earlier studies on litter contents in stomachs of Fulmars have shown that this seabird species can be used as a suitable monitor of levels of marine litter pollution in the North Sea off the Dutch coast. This report updates the earlier data with monitoring results for the years 2002 and 2003 and discusses trends in the light of shipping regulations and the EU inititiative to reduce littering by ships through improvements in systems for Port Reception Facilities. The Dutch research is closely linked to the European Fulmar study conducted in the 'Save the North Sea (SNS)' project 2002-2004 which is co-funded by the EU Interreg IIIB program. Dutch and SNS Fulmar studies form the basis for the development of an Ecological Quality Objective on marine litter as requested by OSPAR.
Evaluation of NOAA-21 VIIRS thermal emissive bands early on-orbit calibration performance

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the NOAA-21 satellite was successfully launched on November 10, 2022, as a follow-on to the VIIRS onboard the Sumi-NPP (S-NPP) and NOAA-20 satellites. NOAA-21 VIIRS has been under the intensive cal/val phase since its cold Focal Plane Array (CFPA) temperature reached nominal operating temperatures (on late February 10, 2023). This study focuses on NOAA-21 VIIRS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB, I4-I5 and M12-M14) early on-orbit performance. NOAA-21 VIIRS TEBs have been performing well in general. Blackbody (OBCBB) and other instrument temperatures are stable during nominal operations, with a mean value of 27 mK. A mid-mission outgassing (MMOG) was performed on February 23, 2023 to remove potential ice contamination. CFPA temperatures were switch 82 K to 80 K on March 3, 2023 to further enhance the performance. After these two events, NOAA-21 VIIRS long-wave infrared (LWIR, I5 and M14-M16) detector responsivities have remained generally stable. Mid-wave infrared (MWIR, I4 and M12-M13) bands have been degrading again since mid-March 2023, with degradations more than 4% for some M12 and I4 detectors by mid-July 2023. NOAA-21 TEB Noise Equivalent Differential Temperatures (NEdT) are well within specifications. Prelaunch calibration offset, nonlinearity, and response versus scan were verified using on-orbit OBCBB warm-up/cool-down (WUCD) and spacecraft pitch maneuver data. TEB SDR calibration biases and improvements in the NOAA operational Sensor Data Records (SDR) were evaluated by inter-comparison of VIIRS with co-located CrIS observations. The impacts of MWIR degradations on NEdTs and TEB SDRs are negligible so far.
Investigating the linkage between streamflow recession rates and channel network contraction in a mesoscale catchment in New York state

The rate of recession (dQ/dt) in a given time interval has long been plotted in log–log space against the concurrent mean discharge (Qavg). Recent interpretations of these dQ/dt–Qavg plots have sought to look at curves for individual events instead of the data cloud from all the data points together. These individual recession curves have been observed to have near‐constant slope but to have varying intercepts, features hypothesized to possibly be explained by the nature of the contraction of the active channel network during recession. For a steep, 150‐ha forested catchment in central New York state with an 8.8‐km channel network, changes in the active channel network were mapped between April and November 2013. Streamflow recession occurred in a matter of days, but changes in the active channel network occurred over a matter of weeks. Thus, in this catchment, it does not appear that channel contraction directly controls recession. Additionally, field observations indicate that dry down did not occur in a spatially organized, sequential way such that the upper end of higher‐order streams dried first. Instead, the location of groundwater seeps, in part, controlled the active portion of the channel network. Consistent with the presence of different types of flow contributing zones, the paper presents a conceptual model that consists of multiple parallel reservoirs of varying drainage rate and varying degrees of recharge at different times of the year. This conceptual model is able to reproduce a slope of 2 and a seasonal shift in intercept typical of individual recession curves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscosity changes during crystallization of a shoshonitic magma: new insights on lava flow emplacement

Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, 657-8501 Kobe, Japan Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan Present address: Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra, Università della Calabria, via P. Bucci I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
A Developmental Analysis of Warning Signs: The Case of Familiarity and Gender

Three NO DIVING signs were placed at one middle and one high school in suburban Buffalo and one middle and one high school served as controls (no signs). A total of 864 students participated in the study. It was found that males were more likely than females to notice the signs, but that males tended to perceive less danger associated with shallow water diving than females. High school males were much more likely than females to dive into the shallow end of their school's pool, especially when the NO DIVING signs were present. In addition, students with a history of diving into the shallow end of their school's pool were much more likely to notice the NO DIVING signs than students who never dove into the shallow end of the pool. Moreover, compared to students who never dove into the shallow end of their school's pool, students with a history of diving into the shallow end of their school's pool tended to perceive less danger and were more likely to dive into the shallow end of the pool again. It appears that warning signs are less effective with high school students than with middle school students.
Bond of steel reinforcement based on detailed measurements: Results and interpretations

Rebar‐to‐concrete bond is a fundamental aspect of the behavior of reinforced concrete structures. The characterization of the interface response is challenging due to the complexity of the physical phenomena and the large number of factors involved. Locally, the response is characterized by the bond–slip relationship, which is typically obtained experimentally from pull‐out tests with short bonded lengths. The behavior of longer anchorages in structural members differs significantly from short tests as the bond stress distribution is not uniform. In this context, this paper presents the results of a comprehensive research aiming to establish a better relationship between the local bond–slip response from short pull‐out tests and the response of medium‐length anchorages. The results of an experimental program are presented, including the effect of some parameters commonly found in structural applications, such as casting conditions, clear cover, rib geometry, and rib orientation. A local bond–slip relationship for well‐confined conditions is proposed on the basis of the tests performed by the authors and on the examination of a database on short pull‐out tests from the literature. Based on this relationship and some mechanical considerations, the local bond–slip relationship for unconfined conditions can satisfactorily be formulated based on crack‐width measurements from the concrete surface. This can be useful for the assessment of existing structures and can be seen as a step forward in the development of a consistent mechanical model for bond.
Topographically controlled circulation and mixing in a lake

It is well known that the wind-driven circulation in a wide lake may be controlled by its topography. Wind stress acting on the smaller mass of the water column in the shallows results in downwind flow there and return flow in the deeper water. In lakes with large areas of shallow water this circulation may cause rapid mixing in weakly stratified conditions. In more strongly stratified conditions, topographically induced horizontal wind driven circulation may influence the vertical stratification of the lake. Lough Mask is about 10 km long and has a maximum width of about 8 km. The lake may be divided into shallow eastern and deeper western portions with mean depths of 10 and 35 m respectively. In late Autumn, water at depth in the deep part of the lake moves upwind at speeds of up to 50 cm s−1 in response to axial winds of up to 15 m s−1. At the same location a weaker upwind flow is observed in the near surface water. This return flow is topographically driven. Temperature differences between near surface and near bottom meters were small ( 20 m) surface mixed layer and a cooler layer at depth whose temperature fluctuates in response to wind stress along the axis of the lake. Modelling results, supported by drogue measurements, indicate that the return flow associated with axial winds in these summer conditions is confined to the surface mixed layer. If this layer is thin, shear between the surface layer and the underlying water can be sufficient to cause mixing and a thickening of the surface layer until the Richardson number is ∼1. Thus the vertical temperature structure of the deep part of the lake can be influenced by flows driven by the lake topography. In the shallow part of the lake, there is evidence of thermally driven motion in periods of calm weather in summer.
Comparison of social isolation in autistic children and adolescents according to age, marital status and number of siblings

BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties that limit their opportunities to interact with peers and family members. These behaviors can lead to social exclusion, and consequently social isolation. The aim was to compare social isolation of children and adolescents with ASD according to age, marital status, and number of siblings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study in 37 subjects with ASD. Social isolation was assessed using a 6-item scale (with five alternatives). The sociodemographic variables were age, sex, marital status of parents, and number of siblings. Two groups were formed according to age (children from 4 to 10 years old and adolescents from 11 to 20 years old). RESULTS: For the total score of the social isolation scale, children showed a higher score (21.1 ± 4.7) than adolescents (17.7 ± 5.7). Children living with divorced parents had lower scores (16.2 ± 3.6), compared to married (22.2 ± 4.5) and cohabiting (22.8) children. For the number of siblings, with no siblings 17.2 ± 3.1 points, one sibling 22.2 ± 3.5 points, two siblings 22.1 ± 3.1 points, and three siblings 22.4 ± 3.2 points (P < 0.05). Age was related to social isolation (r = −0.30, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Children who live with divorced parents and have no siblings presented a higher degree of isolation in relation to their counterparts who live with both parents and have at least one sibling. Age plays a relevant role, with children aged 4–10 years presenting a lower degree of isolation than the adolescent group. It is suggested that the preservation of a functional family and the presence of siblings could contribute to improving social isolation.
Dual-Targeted Therapy in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer with Trastuzumab and Novel Cholesterol-Based Nioplexes Silencing Mcl-1

The challenge in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer therapy lies in creating an effective target therapy to overcome treatment resistance. Monoclonal antibodies and target gene silencing by siRNA are two potential strategies that have been widely developed for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. The siRNA delivery system is a crucial factor that influences siRNA therapy’s success. In this study, lipid-based nanoparticles (cationic niosomes) composed of different cholesterol-based cationic lipids were formulated and characterized for delivering siRNA into HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Niosomes containing a trimethylammonium headgroup showed the highest siRNA delivery efficiency with low toxicity. The myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) siRNA nioplex treatment significantly decreased mRNA expression and breast cancer cell growth. Dual-targeted therapy, consisting of treatment with an Mcl-1 siRNA nioplex and trastuzumab (TZ) solution, noticeably promoted cell-growth inhibition and apoptosis. The synergistic effect of dual therapy was also demonstrated by computer modeling software (CompuSyn version 1.0). These findings suggest that the developed cationic niosomes were effective nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the Mcl-1 nioplex/TZ dual treatment establishes a synergistic outcome that may have the potential to treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Causes and mechanisms of the 2011–2012 El Hierro (Canary Islands) submarine eruption

El Hierro eruption started on 10 October 2011 after an unrest episode that initiated on 17 July 2011. This is the first eruption in the Canary Islands that has been tracked in real time. Although being submarine and not directly observable, the data recorded allowed its reconstruction and to identify its causes and mechanisms. Seismicity, surface deformation, and petrological data indicate that a batch of basanitic magma coming from a reservoir located at a depth of about 25 km below the El Hierro Island was emplaced at shallower depth creating a new reservoir about 10–12 km above, where magma evolved until the initiation of the eruption. The characteristics of seismicity and surface deformation suggest that the necessary space to accumulate magma at this shallower position, which coincides with the crust/mantle boundary beneath El Hierro, was created in about 2 months by elastic deformation and magma‐driven fracturing of the crust. After this first intrusion episode, part of the magma started to migrate laterally toward the SE for nearly 20 km, always keeping the same depth and following a path apparently controlled by stress barriers created by tectonic and rheological contrasts in the upper lithosphere. This lateral migration of magma ended with a submarine eruption at about 5 km offshore from the southern corner of El Hierro Island. The total seismic energy released during the unrest episode was of 8.1 × 1011 J, and the total uplift previous to the onset of the eruption was of 40 mm. Combining geological, geophysical, and petrological data and numerical modeling, we propose a volcanological model of the causes and mechanisms of El Hierro eruption that shows how the stress distribution in the crust beneath El Hierro, which was influenced by rheological contrasts, tectonic stresses, and gravitational loading, controlled the movement and eruption of magma. We also discuss the implications of this model in terms of eruption forecast in the Canary Islands.
Flow processes and sedimentation in unidirectionally migrating deep‐water channels: From a three‐dimensional seismic perspective

Three‐dimensional seismic data were used to infer how bottom currents control unidirectional channel migration. Bottom currents flowing towards the steep bank would deflect the upper part of sediment gravity flows at an orientation of 1° to 11° to the steep bank, yielding a helical flow circulation consisting of a faster near‐surface flow towards the steep bank and a slower basal return flow towards the gentle bank. This helical flow model is evidenced by the occurrence of bigger, muddier (suggested by low‐amplitude seismic reflections) lateral accretion deposits and gentle channel wall with downlap terminations on the gentle bank and by smaller, sandier (indicated by high‐amplitude seismic reflectors) channel fills and steep channel walls with truncation terminations on the steep bank. This helical flow circulation promotes asymmetrical depositional patterns with dipping accretion sets restricted to the gentle bank, which restricts the development of sinuosity and yields unidirectional channel migration. These results aid in obtaining a complete picture of flow processes and sedimentation in submarine channels.
Airflow and aeolian sediment transport patterns within a coastal trough blowout during lateral wind conditions

Blowouts are depressions that occur on coastal dunes, deserts and grasslands. The absence of vegetation in blowouts permits high speed winds to entrain and remove sediment. Whereas much research has examined patterns of wind flow and sediment transport on the stoss slopes and lee of sand dunes, no study has yet investigated the connections between secondary air‐flow structures and sediment transport in a blowout where zones of streamline compression, expansion and steering are less clearly delineated. In this study we investigated the variability of sediment flux and its relation to near‐surface wind speed and turbulence within a trough blowout during wind flow that was oblique to the axis of the blowout. Wind flow was measured using six, three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonic anemometers while sediment flux by eight sand traps, all operating at 25 Hz.
Accelerating transition toward district heating-system decarbonization by policy co-design with key investors: opportunities and challenges

Abstract District heating in European, Chinese, and Russian cities is still mainly produced with fossil fuels. Energy-system reconfiguration is essential to achieve full decarbonization, which calls for a greater understanding of how to engage key investors in market transformation and how to formulate effective policy mixes. This article reports on how decarbonization could be accelerated in district-heating systems in Finland with stakeholder orientation especially on key investors consisting of companies focused on district-heating, data-center management, real estate development, and sewage operations. The technological attention is on the excess and ambient heat systems. Drawing from surveys, interviews, and workshops we identified investment barriers and collected policy and strategy proposals to overcome them. The results demonstrate that diversifying and strengthening the policy and strategy mix is needed to overcome barriers related to profitability, political uncertainties, and underdeveloped cooperation and profit-sharing models. Policy co-design with key investors holds potential to improve the effectiveness and acceptability of policies, but with certain limitations as regime actors tend to oppose the types of destabilization needed to achieve full decarbonization of energy systems. Thus, effective policy co-design processes need further development as collaboration is a success factor to achieve climate change-mitigation targets, but simultaneously tensions and conflicts cannot be avoided when accelerating energy-system transformation.