Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coversheet for “Investigating the Relationship Between Sea Surface Temperature and the Mechanical Efficiency of Tropical Cyclones”

: Previous studies have investigated how sea surface temperature (SST) affects the potential intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, this is an upper bound only on the maximum near-surface azimuthal winds, and does not fully account for the effects of atmospheric moisture. Potential intensity might not vary in the same way as the total kinetic energy ( 𝑊 𝐾𝐸 ) of a TC would with changing SST. 𝑊 𝐾𝐸 is related, via the conceptualization of the TC as a heat engine, to TC mechanical efficiency. We investigate how TC mechanical efficiency varies with SST in a series of moist, axisymmetric, radiative-convective numerical experiments with constant SSTs ranging from 295K to 307.5K. We find a -2.1 %K − 1 decrease in the mechanical efficiency with SST. While the increase in the net heat energy gained by the TC heat engine acts to increase 𝑊 𝐾𝐸 , the mechanical efficiency still decreases with SST due to the effects of moisture on 𝑊 𝐾𝐸 and on the total heat input to the TC. Moist convection in an unsaturated atmosphere is associated with substantial irreversible entropy production, which detracts from the energy that the TC can use to power its winds. The increasing moisture content in a warmer atmosphere predicted by Clausius-Clapeyron scaling leads this irreversibility to increase in an unsaturated atmosphere, presenting a larger penalty on 𝑊 𝐾𝐸 and decreasing the mechanical efficiency. Our results highlight the importance of giving full consideration to the effects of moisture on the TC heat engine in studies of how climate affects TCs.
Exploring argumentation, objectivity, and bias: The case of mathematical infinity

In a quest for truth, infinity boggles. It eludes and escapes finite reason, baffles logical expectation, and draws to light bias in moments of supposed objectivity. This presentation explores historical and present-day ideas, arguments, and biases related to complexities and ambiguities of mathematical infinity. Or rather, of mathematical infinities. Of interest: novice and expert a priori and a posteriori knowledge as elicited by falsidical and dialethical paradoxes, and the contextually-dependent nature of mathematical correctness.
Mental Health Patterns of Young Children of Unmarried Parents: A Latent Class Analysis

: Despite a considerable number of accounts on the emotional health and development of young children in single-parent, divorced, cohabiting families, patterns of emotional well-being that exist among young children living with unmarried parents and which patterns most children of this group exhibit have remained unknown. Further, racial differences and families' social economic status have been empirically documented as influential factors in the disparities of children's health domains over time. Nonetheless, the impacts of these factors on the likelihood of being in a group with an emotional health pattern that is at risk more than the others have yet to be empirically examined. The present study aims to capture the latent mental health patterns among school children raised by unmarried parents. Using latent class analysis, the study analyzes the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2021 data to determine the number of latent classes and depicts the characteristics of those classes based on parent responses to children's mental health symptoms to the survey. We also examined the associations between these reporting patterns and two factors that substantially contribute to child health disparities race and food sufficiency (representing family SES). After evaluating the goodness of fit and reviewing classification diagnostics, we found five classes named ADHD class, Intact class, Anxiety class, Friendship Problems class, and High-Risk class. Using a three-step approach to incorporating covariates into LCA models, we also found some significant correlations between race and food situation and the five classes.
Till the IRS Do Us Part: (Optimal) Taxation of Households∗

This paper argues that a progressive tax system combined with individual taxation of married couples can generate more revenue than the current household-based U.S. system, especially when the extra revenues do not induce negative labor supply effects through increased government transfers. A progressive system that taxes individuals rather than couples jointly leads to larger labor force participation and higher average human capital, creates more “fiscal space”, Laffer curves are higher and welfare is potentially higher. In our model with oneand two-earner households, human capital and an extensive margin labor supply decision, the peak of the Laffer curve is 12 percentage points higher with an individual-based, progressive tax system than with the current U.S. tax system. The maximum revenue is attained with 60% more progressivity than the current system, and at an average tax rate of 41%. Progressive taxation, when imposed on individuals rather than households, lowers the average tax rate for individuals with low income that are close to the participation margin. At the same time it creates a positive income effect on the labor supply of these individuals by reducing the net income of their higher earning spouses and limiting their net earnings potential in the case of a high temporary labor productivity. Whereas steady state welfare under a joint tax system is maximized when the tax system features no progressivity at all, under individual-based taxation the optimal tax system features significant tax progressivity (albeit slightly less than the current U.S. status quo), and welfare gains relative to this status quo of 4.9% in consumption-equivalent variation. Cohorts born during the transition realize significant welfare gains from this reform.
NOTE A genetic investigation on translocation of Australian commercial freshwater crayﬁsh, Cherax destructor

– The Australian freshwater crayﬁsh, Cherax destructor is cultured commercially and has been translocated throughout much of Australia. Previous investigation on C. destructor using 16S rRNA sequences of samples collected from natural environments has revealed a signiﬁcant phylogeographic structure in this species with three well supported geographically non-overlapping clades, namely ‘northern’ C. d. destructor , ‘southern’ C. d. destructor and C. d. albidus . Movement of individuals beyond their natural range of distribution may have adverse e ﬀ ects on genetic integrity of the species. In the present study, aspects of translocations of the species were genetically investigated. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were obtained from samples collected in nine quasi-natural waterbodies, supplemented with sequences of samples obtained from 31 natural waterbodies examined in a previous study. Results of phylogeographic analysis provide evidence that certain haplotypes from major clades of C. destructor have been translocated. The ﬁndings of this study have important implications for the conservation and management of genetic diversity within C. destructor .
Back to the Present of Automated Mobility: A Typology of Everyday Use of Driving Assistance Systems

This article focuses on how car drivers domesticate technologies of automation and the way this might inform our understanding of potential shifts to a more automated mobility system. The current literature on automated mobility has mainly addressed drivers’ roles in terms of their attitudes towards—and acceptance of—an anticipated shift to high-level driving automation. In this article, however, we take a step back from expectations around automated mobility to explore the domestication of driving assistance technologies and systems already in use. The analysis is built on qualitative interviews with drivers of private cars in Norway. Based on our findings, we develop a typology of user-technology characterisations highlighting three themes of the drivers’ use (comfort, safety, and novelty) as well as two modes of engagements (modulation and non-use). Our analysis suggests that automation is likely to be an incremental and gradual process and that its eventual application depends on the specificities of the practices that it seeks to disrupt. Moreover, we argue that the governance of automated mobility needs to be attentive to the dynamic and unpredictable roles technology will have in processes of socio-technical change. In this context, we highlight the key roles of users in shaping processes of appropriation of both new technologies and broader innovations and argue that knowledge about technology domestication provides important insights to changes towards automation in our current mobility systems.
Magnetic structure and ﬁeld dependence of the cycloid phase mediating the spin reorientation transition in Ca 3 Ru 2 O 7

We report a comprehensive experimental investigation of the magnetic structure of the cycloidal phase in Ca 3 Ru 2 O 7 , which mediates the spin reorientation transition and establishes its magnetic phase diagram. In zero applied ﬁeld, single-crystal neutron diffraction data conﬁrm the scenario deduced from an earlier resonant x-ray scattering study: For 46 . 7 K < T < 49.0 K the magnetic moments form a cycloid in the a - b plane with a propagation wave vector of ( δ, 0 , 1) with δ (cid:2) 0 . 025 and an ordered moment of about 1 μ B , with the eccentricity of the cycloid evolving with temperature. In an applied magnetic ﬁeld applied parallel to the b axis, the intensity of the ( δ, 0 , 1) satellite peaks decreases continuously up to about μ 0 H (cid:2) 5 T, above which ﬁeld the system becomes ﬁeld polarized. Both the eccentricity of the cycloid and the wave vector increase with ﬁeld, the latter suggesting an enhancement of the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction over the symmetric exchange interactions via magnetostriction effects. Transitions between the various low-temperature magnetic phases have been carefully mapped out using magnetometry and resistivity. The resulting phase diagram reveals that the cycloid phase exists in a temperature window that expands rapidly with increasing ﬁeld, before transitioning to a polarized paramagnetic state at 5 T. High-ﬁeld magnetoresistance measurements show that below T (cid:2) 70 K the resistivity increases continuously with decreasing temperature, indicating the inherent insulating nature at low temperatures of our high-quality, untwinned, single crystals. We discuss our results with reference to previous reports of the magnetic phase diagram of Ca 3 Ru 2 O 7 that utilized samples which were more metallic and / or polydomain.
Method of Lines Transpose: High-order schemes for parabolic problems

METHOD OF LINES TRANSPOSE: HIGH-ORDER SCHEMES FOR PARABOLIC PROBLEMS By Hana Cho In the dissertation, we mainly consider developing efficient numerical schemes for AllenCahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations, which are the origin of the phase-field equations. In the first part of the disseration, we present a new solver for nonlinear second-order parabolic problems that is L-stable and achieves high order accuracy in space and time. The solver is built by first constructing a single-dimensional heat equation solver that uses fast O(N) convolution. This fundamental solver is based on the use of the Green’s function to invert a modified Helmholtz equation. Higher orders of accuracy in time are then constructed through a novel technique known as successive convolution, which facilitate our proofs of stability and convergence, and permit us to construct schemes that have provable stiff decay. The multi-dimensional solver is built by repeated application of dimensionally split independent fundamental solvers. We also solve nonlinear parabolic problems by using the integrating factor method, where we apply the basic scheme to invert linear terms (that look like a heat equation), and make use of Hermite-Birkhoff interpolants to integrate the remaining nonlinear terms. Our solver is applied to several linear and nonlinear equations including heat, Allen-Cahn, and the Fitzhugh-Nagumo system of equations in one and two dimensions. In the second part of the disseration, we extend our Method Of Lines Transpose (MOLT) scheme to Cahn Hilliard (CH) and vector Cahn Hilliard (VCH) equations. Our first step is to establish the gradient stability for CH models. This procedure is just a simple change of variables where one of the fixed points is subtracted from the original variable. We prove that in the semi-analytic setting, using Backwards Euler time stepping. After discretizing in time, we proceed to our spatial solver for inverting the linear part of the semi-analytic operator onto the non-linear part to construct an efficient fixed point method. This is done by factoring the fourth into the modified Helmholtz operators, which defined above. By including the splitting error into the right hand side of the fixed-point method, we arrive at a non-split scheme. We also combine the MOLT formulation with existing time stepping for high order time stepping methods, and numerically demonstrated the gradient stable property in 1D and 2D in all simulations run. Time adaptive methods are shown to be more efficient than using the same method with large fixed time steps.
Effect of Alcohol Extracts of Juniperus Phoenicea and Crataegus azarolus on Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin in Experimental Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) includes a diverse range of diseases associated with hypo-or insensitive insulin secretion. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the antihyperglycemic effects of alcoholic extract of leaves of Juniperus Phoenicea and Crataegus azarolus leaves in streptozotocin-stimulated diabetic rats (STZ, intraperitoneal, 65 mg kg -1 ). Thirty six rats (Sprague-Dawley ) that weights (200±10 g) were divided randomly into six equal groups. Group (1) and group (2) were kept as negative and positive controls (- and +), respectively. Group (3) and group (4) were orally given the Juniperus Phoenicea extract in 200 and 400 mg kg -1 B.wt . day -1 doses, respectively, whereas group (5) and group (6) were orally given the Crataegus azarolus extract in 200 and 400 mg kg -1 B.wt day -1 doses, respectively, for a month. Finally, when the experiment was ended, a biological evaluation was determined. Blood glucose, serum insulin, heart enzymes, liver function, lipid profile, kidney function, and TNF-α were estimated in serum. In pancreas tissue, GSH, SOD and MDA were evaluated, as well as the chemical composition of herbs. The results exhibited that the alcoholic extract of Juniperus Phoenicea and Crataegus azarolus leaves significantly increased the biological evaluation, normalized serum levels of liver functions, kidney function, enhanced the lipid profile, lessened blood glucose, heart enzymes and MDA and increased levels of insulin, GSH and SOD than those of control diabetic rats. This work suggests that Juniperus Phoenicea and Crataegus azarolus leaves extracts administration can decline blood glucose levels and the occurrence of various problems resulting from hyperglycemia.
Information-Theoretic Analysis of Cardio-Respiratory Interactions in Heart Failure Patients: Effects of Arrhythmias and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

The properties of cardio-respiratory coupling (CRC) are affected by various pathological conditions related to the cardiovascular and/or respiratory systems. In heart failure, one of the most common cardiac pathological conditions, the degree of CRC changes primarily depend on the type of heart-rhythm alterations. In this work, we investigated CRC in heart-failure patients, applying measures from information theory, i.e., Granger Causality (GC), Transfer Entropy (TE) and Cross Entropy (CE), to quantify the directed coupling and causality between cardiac (RR interval) and respiratory (Resp) time series. Patients were divided into three groups depending on their heart rhythm (sinus rhythm and presence of low/high number of ventricular extrasystoles) and were studied also after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), distinguishing responders and non-responders to the therapy. The information-theoretic analysis of bidirectional cardio-respiratory interactions in HF patients revealed the strong effect of nonlinear components in the RR (high number of ventricular extrasystoles) and in the Resp time series (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) as well as in their causal interactions. We showed that GC as a linear model measure is not sensitive to both nonlinear components and only model free measures as TE and CE may quantify them. CRT responders mainly exhibit unchanged asymmetry in the TE values, with statistically significant dominance of the information flow from Resp to RR over the opposite flow from RR to Resp, before and after CRT. In non-responders this asymmetry was statistically significant only after CRT. Our results indicate that the success of CRT is related to corresponding information transfer between the cardiac and respiratory signal quantified at baseline measurements, which could contribute to a better selection of patients for this type of therapy.
Th e role of travelling distances in tourism: diﬀ erent planning, diﬀ erent motives

Th e impact of travel distance on tourist travel planning and motives for travelling represents a notable research gap. Th is study aims to demonstrate that the impacts of tourist travel intention predictors are diff erent, since longer distance increases the complexities of planning; also, that long-haul travelling is driven by diff erent motives among tourists than short-haul travelling. Th e study is based on analysis of survey data from Lithuania. Th e fi ndings showed diff erences in how beliefs impact tourists’ intentions to travel to relatively distant and nearby cities: behavioural and normative beliefs had stronger impacts on intentions for nearby destinations, whereas control beliefs had strong impacts for distant destinations. Also, the sets of tourists’ motives for long-haul destinations and for short-haul destinations had diff erent structures and diff ered in the motives they included. Th e fi ndings deepen our understanding of the importance of travel distance in tourism as an aspect that diff erentiates impacts of travel intention antecedents and generates diff erent sets of travel motives for long-haul and short-haul travelling of tourists.
Watch your Watch: Inferring Personality Traits from Wearable Activity Trackers

Wearable devices, such as wearable activity trackers (WATs), are increasing in popularity. Although they can help to improve one’s quality of life, they also raise serious privacy issues. One particularly sensitive type of information has recently attracted substantial attention, namely personality, as it provides a means to influence individuals (e.g., voters in the Cambridge Analytica scandal). This paper presents the first empirical study to show a significant correlation between WAT data and personality traits (Big Five). We conduct an experiment with 200+ participants. The ground truth was established by using the NEO-PI-3 questionnaire. The participants’ step count, heart rate, battery level, activities, sleep time, etc . were collected for four months. By following a principled machine-learning approach, the participants’ personality privacy was quantified. Our results demonstrate that WATs data brings valuable information to infer the openness, extraversion, and neuroticism personality traits. We further study the importance of the different features (i.e., data types) and found that step counts play a key role in the inference of extraversion and neuroticism, while openness is more related to heart rate.
Evaluating modelled tropospheric columns of CH4, CO and O3 in the Arctic using ground-based FTIR measurements

Both measurements and modelling of air pollution in the Arctic are difficult. Yet with the Arctic warming at nearly four times the global average rate, and changing emissions in and near the region, it is important to understand Arctic atmospheric composition and how it is changing. This study examines the simulations of atmospheric concentrations of methane, carbon monoxide and ozone in the Arctic by 11 models. Evaluations are performed using data from five highlatitude ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric 35 Composition Change (NDACC). Mixing ratios of trace gases are modelled at three-hourly intervals by CESM, CMAM, DEHM, EMEP MSC-W, GEM-MACH, GEOS-Chem, MATCH, MATCH-SALSA, MRI-ESM2, UKESM1 and WRF-Chem for the years 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015. The comparisons focus on the troposphere (0-7 km partial columns) at Eureka, Canada; Thule, Greenland; Ny Ålesund, Norway; Kiruna, Sweden; and Harestua, Norway. Overall, the models are biased https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1161 Preprint. Discussion started: 3 July 2023 c © Author(s) 2023. CC BY 4.0 License.
Tax-Induced Organizational Complexity and Executive Performance Measurement

We examine how tax-induced organizational complexity (“TIOC”), which we define as the organizational complexity that would not exist in a zero-tax world, is associated with executive performance measurement. While these structures can facilitate lower tax burdens, firms need to design their performance measurement systems to encourage executives to manage the associated complexity to avoid potential negative consequences. Using firms’ subsidiary structures in tax havens and other low tax countries to measure TIOC, we document several main findings. We find that TIOC is associated with longer-term performance measurement, consistent with boards wanting executives to manage both the short-run tax benefits and longer-run costs associated with TIOC. We also find that TIOC is associated with a greater propensity to use adjusted performance metrics, consistent with firms correcting standard metrics for measurement error and bias introduced by TIOC. Finally, we find that TIOC is associated with a greater usage of unique metrics and lower similarity in metrics across the executive team, consistent with TIOC creating heterogenous activities that top managers need to monitor and manage in support of optimizing taxes. Our study contributes to the tax and managerial accounting literatures by shedding light on how firms manage TIOC via performance measurement.
Through the Lens of Internal Information: How Does Internal Communication Technology Affect Voluntary Disclosure?

We investigate how improvements in organizations’ internal communication technology affect their voluntary disclosure, a form of external communication. By developing a model with a headquarters manager and several divisional managers, we formalize two competing economic forces—information learning and free riding—that shape the headquarters manager’s information precision and, consequently, voluntary disclosure. While improved internal communication technology helps the headquarters manager to collect information from divisional managers, it reduces divisional managers’ incentives to acquire information because these divisional managers anticipate the other divisional managers’ information acquisition. As a result, these two forces jointly produce an inverse U-shape relation between internal and external communications. We empirically document robust inverse U-shapes for both public and private firms, and show evidence consistent with the two economic forces. Collectively, our paper furthers our understanding of voluntary disclosure from the perspective of internal agency frictions and sheds light on firms’ internal-external communications.