Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Levels of Serum Ferroptosis-Related Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose This study aimed to measure the concentrations of ferroptosis-related biomarkers, namely, iron (Fe), lipid peroxide (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4), and glutathione (GSH) in DR in the attempt to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers. Methods This study included 30 NPDR patients, 30 PDR patients, and 30 healthy subjects matched in age and sex. The concentrations of Fe, LPO, ROS, GPX4, and GSH in serum of the subjects were measured. Results Compared with the normal group, GPX4 and GSH concentrations were significantly lower, and LPO, Fe, and ROS concentrations were significantly higher in DR patients. Compared with the PDR group, the NPDR group had higher concentrations of LPO, Fe, and ROS and lower concentrations of GPX4 and GSH, but there was no statistical difference in Fe, GPX4, and GSH. ROC curve shows that ferroptosis-related biomarkers have accumulated accuracy in NPDR and PDR. Conclusion This study shows that ferroptosis-related biomarkers may be involved in the pathological process of DR and can be used as one of the biomarkers of DR.
Forced Displacement in Libya and its Health, Psychological and Social Dimensions: The Case of the Displaced Tawergha

Exposure to the physiological, social, and psychological situations of those relocated from Tawergha is a relatively new issue in the study of Libyan forced migration. This inquiry aims to learn more about the social, psychological, and health situations of the people who have been displaced from Tawergha. Residents of two large camps that housed the Tawergha refugees were given a questionnaire. There were 435 displaced people in this research. The findings revealed substantial discrepancies between various characteristics (economic challenges, security situation, living in a disease-spreading environment, mingling with people) and the displaced people's health and psychological problems. The variable of attack exposure only affected the displaced's psychological difficulties. Also, at the 0.05 significance level, other factors such as a lack of housing, the absence of a family member, having adequate food, feeling rejected, movement constraints, and loneliness do not affect psychological difficulties and health conditions. In light of these findings, the study recommends implementing social measures to protect Libya's displaced people. In addition to the need for psychological support programs and the activation of social work for professional assistance with displacement issues, there is also a need for professional help with displacement concerns.
Class Size and Teachers’ Productivity in Primary Schools in Ekiti State

This study examined the Class Size and Productivity in Primary Schools in Ekiti State using Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti State as a case study. This is necessary because of the perceived primary school teachers ineffectiveness in the performance of their duties. A sample of two hundred teachers was drawn from twenty schools in the local government through the simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire tagged “Class Size and Teachers’ Productivity” was used to collect the data for this study. The instrument was validated by using test re-test method of testing reliability and the reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained and this was considered high enough for reliability. The data obtained were analysed using frequency counts, percentages and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The study revealed that the level of teachers’ productivity in primary schools in the local government under study was low. The study also revealed that teachers would prefer to teach small classes where they can easily manage their students and impart knowledge to them with little or no stress to large classes. The study further showed that, there is a significant relationship between class size and teachers’ productivity. It is therefore recommended based on these findings that urgent steps should be taken by the government and all stakeholders in education to ensure proper funding of primary schools through the provision of essential infrastructures in order to reduce the ratio of students to a teachers to a manageable size. This is necessary in order to achieve appreciable level of teachers’ productivity.
On the Babylonian Sighting-Criterion for the Lunar Crescent and its Implications for Egyptian Lunar Data

The aim of the present paper is to establish a lower boundary condition of a possible successful sighting of the lunar crescent based on Babylonian predictions and observations. This means that all Egyptian chronological options showing deviations in positive direction with visibilities below this boundary condition will be dismissed as impossible. Although a theoretical limit of 10° for the visibility criterion, i.e. a minimum lagtime between sunset and moonset of 40 minutes, is mentioned in text TU 11, the Babylonian Astronomical Normal Star Almanacs contain several predictions for first or last visibility with values smaller than 10° and the Astronomical Diaries a few such observations. Thus, a value of 10° for the lagtime is an inappropriate lower boundary condition which cannot be used as knock-out criterion for Egyptian chronological options based on lunar data.
Carbon Footprint of New Zealand Beef and Sheep Exported to Different Markets

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the process of determining the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (or carbon footprint) of a system. For red meat, a full LCA starts on farm and ends after the product is eaten. Driven by concerns for the environment, consumers, government and producers, all want to better understand their carbon footprint and how they can reduce it, both to improve the long-term future of the planet and also as part of New Zealand’s commitment to reduce GHG emissions at both a national and global level 1 . life The final report from this study 2 gives an estimate of the carbon footprint of 5 different product scenarios: frozen and chilled beef and sheep meat eaten by consumers either at home or in restaurants in the United States of America (USA), Japan, China and the United Kingdom. The measure or metric used to describe the carbon footprint is Global Warming Potential (GWP).
A Numerical Study of Viscous Flow Past a Thin Oblate Spheroid at Low and Intermediate Reynolds Numbers

Abstract The flow past a thin oblate spheroid falling at terminal velocity in an infinite, viscous fluid was investigated using a numerical solution of the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations of motion. The detailed streamfunction and vorticity yielded the drag, pressure distribution, and the extent of the spheroid's downstream wake. Calculations were performed for spheroids of axis ratios 0.05 and 0.2 and Reynolds numbers between 0.1 and 100. The results were compared with other numerical and analytical solutions to the Navier Stokes equations of motion for viscous flow past oblate spheroids and disks and with experimental results in the literature. Our numerical results for oblate spheroids of axis ratio 0.2 agree well with the numerical results of Masliyah and Epstein and with our own experimental results. Our results for oblate spheroids of axis ratio 0.05 agree well with the numerical computations of Michael and available experimental results on disks, but depart significantly from the numerical res.
Suppression of high-order-harmonic intensities observed in aligned CO{sub 2} molecules with 1300-nm and 800-nm pulses

High-order-harmonic generation from aligned N{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, and CO{sub 2} molecules is investigated by 1300-nm and 800-nm pulses. The harmonic intensities of 1300-nm pulses from aligned molecules show harmonic photon energy dependence similar to those of 800-nm pulses. Suppression of harmonic intensity from aligned CO{sub 2} molecules is observed for both 1300- and 800-nm pulses over the same harmonic photon energy range. As the dominant mechanism for the harmonic intensity suppression from aligned CO{sub 2} molecules, the present results support the two-center interference picture rather than the dynamical interference picture.
Active flow control of S-duct by plasma synthetic jet

Flow separation and secondary flow in the S-duct of an aircraft engine cause severe pressure loss and airflow distortion at the outlet, lowering engine performance. Herein, a serial two-electrode plasma synthetic jet (PSJ) actuator array is used to actively control the flow field in the duct and improve its characteristics. The results show that the PSJ significantly increases the wall pressure recovery coefficient, suppresses flow separation, and improves the outlet pressure distortion. The primary and secondary orders of the influencing factors are as follows: control position>jet momentum coefficient>excitation frequency>jet configuration. The best jet control position is near the separation location, and the best jet configuration is the ‘Λ’ configuration. The higher the jet momentum coefficient and excitation frequency, the better the flow control. The wall pressure coefficient increases by up to 127.8%, and the outlet steady pressure distortion index decreases by 9.15%. The control mechanism is the direct energy injection into the flow boundary layer through a high-speed jet and the indirect control effect of the induced streamwise vortex. On the one hand, the PSJ suppresses flow separation by improving the ability of the boundary layer to resist the inverse pressure gradient. On the other hand, it reduces pressure distortion by decreasing the intensity of the secondary flow and weakening the backflow. This study thus provides a new technology for the active control of the flow-field characteristics in an S-duct and has significance for guiding the application of synthetic jet technology in S-ducts.
Analytical layer-element solutions for a multi-layered transversely isotropic elastic medium subjected to axisymmetric loading

This paper presents an analytical layer-element method used to analyze the displacement of a multi-layered transversely isotropic elastic medium of arbitrary depth subjected to axisymmetric loading. Based on the basic constitutive equations and the HU Hai-chang’s solutions for transversely isotropic elastic media, the state vectors of a multi-layered transversely isotropic medium were deduced. From the state vectors, an analytical layer element for a single layer (i.e., a symmetric and exact stiffness matrix) was acquired in the Hankel transformed domain, which not only simplified the calculation but also improved the numerical efficiency and stability due to the absence of positive exponential functions. The global stiffness matrix was obtained by assembling the interrelated layer elements based on the principle of the finite layer method. By solving the algebraic equations of the global stiffness matrix which satisfy the boundary conditions, the solutions for multi-layered transversely isotropic media in the Hankel transformed domain were obtained. The actual solutions of this problem in the physical domain were acquired by inverting the Hankel transform. This paper presents numerical examples to verify the proposed solutions and investigate the influence of the properties of the multi-layered medium on the load-displacement response.
Effects of familiarity on serial recall for spoken word lists

Relatively few studies have dealt with the interaction between linguistic information and talker cues in speech perception and word recognition. The present study examines the effects of talker familiarity on serial recall for spoken word lists. Compared to lists of words produced by a single talker, lists produced by multiple talkers lead to decreased accuracy of serial recall in the primary portion of the recall curve at fast presentation rates. This pattern of recall for multiple‐ and single‐talker stimuli reverses at slow presentation rates. Explanations for these differences in recall for single‐ and multiple‐talker word lists have suggested that processing multiple‐talker stimuli either increases rehearsal demands during transfer to long‐term memory or increases difficulty of perceptual encoding. The present experiment examines these competing explanations for differential serial recall in multiple‐ versus single‐talker word lists using voices that subjects have been trained to identify. As listener.
ROLE OF ASYMMETRIC MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION IN PRODUCING NORTH–SOUTH ASYMMETRY IN A SOLAR CYCLE DYNAMO MODEL

Solar cycles in the north and south hemispheres differ in cycle length, amplitude, profile, polar fields, and coronal structure. To show what role differences in meridional flow could play in producing these differences, we present the results of three sets of numerical simulations from a flux transport dynamo in which one property of meridional circulation has been changed in the south only. The changes are in amplitude and the presence of a second cell in latitude or in depth. An ascending phase speedup causes weakening of polar and toroidal fields; a speed decrease in a late descending phase does not change amplitudes. A long-duration speed increase leads to lower toroidal field peaks but unchanged polar field peaks. A second high-latitude circulation cell in an ascending phase weakens the next polar and toroidal field peaks, and the ascending phase is lengthened. A second cell in a late descending phase speeds up the cycle. A long-duration second cell leads to a poleward branch of the butterfly diagram and weaker polar fields. A second cell in depth reverses the tilt of the butterfly wing, decreasing polar fields when added during an ascending phase and increasing them during a late descending phase. A long-duration presence of a second cell in radius evolves the butterfly diagram far away from the observed one, with different dynamo periods in low and high latitudes. Thus, a second cell in depth is unlikely to persist more than a few years if the solar dynamo is advection-dominated. Our results show the importance of time variation and north–south asymmetry in meridional circulation in producing differing cycles in the north and south.
The Structure of Three-dimensional Hydromagnetic Waves in a Uniform Cold Plasma

Characteristics of the three-dimensional hydromagnetic waves caused by the local source in a uniform cold plasma are studied. There are two modes of hydromagnetic waves. The one is an isotropic mode which spreads in all directions from the source and transmits the disturbance of magnetic field component parallel to field lines. The other is a mixed transverse mode consisting of two parts, the pure and the converted transverse modes, and communicates the signals of normal components of fields. It is emphasized that the former part is a one-dimensional wave propagating parallel to lines of force through the source region, while the latter is the converted one-dimensional wave from the three-dimensional isotropic mode with the geometrical attenuation. The space-time relations of disturbances belonging to the converted mode are obtained. The structures of hydromagnetic waves generated by the particular external forces, the partial compression and the azimuthal drag, are also presented. In a case of reflection of the transverse wave on the anisotropic conducting sheet, the quantitative relation between the incident electric field and the induced currents in the sheet is shown. Furthermore, space and time variations of hydromagnetic oscillations excited by the azimuthal stress and confined within the region between two parallel infinitely conducting solid are illustrated. With relation to the characters of three-dimensional hydromagnetic waves, qualitative discussion on some geomagnetic disturbances are given.
Global solutions in a fully parabolic chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity

The Neumann boundary value problem for the chemotaxis system is considered in a smooth bounded domain Ω⊂ℝn, n⩾2, with initial data and v0∈W1, ∞(Ω) satisfying u0⩾0 and v0>0 in . It is shown that if then for any such data there exists a global‐in‐time classical solution, generalizing a previous result which asserts the same for n=2 only. Furthermore, it is seen that the range of admissible χ can be enlarged upon relaxing the solution concept. More precisely, global existence of weak solutions is established whenever . Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transition elements for a non-Hermitian quadratic Hamiltonian

The non-Hermitian quadratic Hamiltonian H=ωa†a+αa2+βa†2 is analyzed, where a† and a are harmonic oscillator creation and annihilation operators and ω, α, and β are real constants. For the case that ω2−4αβ⩾0, it is shown using operator techniques that the Hamiltonian possesses real and positive eigenvalues. A generalized Bogoliubov transformation allows the energy eigenstates to be constructed from the algebra and states of the harmonic oscillator. The eigenstates are shown to possess an imaginary norm for a large range of the parameter space. Finding the orthonormal dual space allows the inner product to be redefined using the complexification procedure of Bender et al. for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Transition probabilities governed by H are shown to be manifestly unitary when the complexification procedure is followed. A specific transition element between harmonic oscillator states is evaluated for both the Hermitian and non-Hermitian cases to identify the differences in time evolution.
Backward surface electromagnetic waves in semi-infinite one-dimensional photonic crystals containing left-handed materials

We study the electromagnetic surface waves localized at an interface separating a homogeneous dielectric medium and a semi-infinite one-dimensional photonic crystal made of alternative left-handed metamaterial and right-handed material. An analytical direct matching procedure within the Kronig-Penney model was applied to analyze the dispersion properties of the localized surface states. We show that the presence of metamaterial in the photonic crystal structure can support the surface waves with a backward energy flow and allows a flexible control of dispersion properties of the surface modes. The surface states can be either forward or backward waves depending on the physical parameters of the photonic crystal, physical parameters of the cap layer, the position of the surface plane, and incident angle of the incoming beam.
Linear stability of Poiseuille flow in a circular pipe

Correction of an error in the matrix elements used by Salwen & Grosch (1972) has brought the results of the matrix-eigenvalue calculation of the linear stability of Hagen–Poiseuille flow into complete agreement with the numerical integration results of Lessen, Sadler & Liu (1968) for azimuthal index n = 1. The n = 0 results were unaffected by the error and the effect of the error for n > 1 is smaller than for n = 1. The new calculations confirm the conclusion that the flow is stable to infinitesimal disturbances. Further calculations have led to the discovery of a degeneracy at Reynolds number R = 61·452 ± 0·003 and wavenumber α = 0·9874 ± 0·0001, where the second and third eigenmodes have equal complex wave speeds. The variation of wave speed for these two modes has been studied in the vicinity of the degeneracy and shows similarities to the behaviour near the degeneracies found by Cotton and Salwen (see Cotton 1977) for rotating Hagen-Poiseuille flow. Finally, new results are given for n = 10 and 30; the n = 1 results are extended to R = 106; and new results are presented for the variation of the wave speed with αR at high Reynolds number. The high-R results confirm both Burridge & Drazin's (1969) slow-mode approximation and more recent fast-mode results of Burridge.
Auxiliary covariate data in failure time regression

SUMMARY We consider the problem of missing covariate data in the context of censored failure time relative risk regression. Auxiliary covariate data, which are considered informative about the missing data but which are not explicitly part of the relative risk regression model, may be available. Full covariate information is available for a validation set. An estimated partial likelihood method is proposed for estimating relative risk parameters. This method is an extension of the estimated likelihood regression analysis method for uncensored data (Pepe, 1992; Pepe & Fleming, 1991). A key feature of the method is that it is nonparametric with respect to the association between the missing and observed, including auxiliary, covariate components. Asymptotic distribution theory is derived for the proposed estimated partial likelihood estimator in the case where the auxiliary or mismeasured covariates are categorical. Asymptotic efficiencies are calculated for exponential failure times using an exponential relative risk model. The estimated partial likelihood estimator compares favourably with a fully parametric maximum likelihood analysis. Comparisons are also made with a standard partial likelihood analysis which ignores the incomplete observations. Important efficiency gains can be made with the estimated partial likelihood method. Small sample properties are investigated through simulation studies.
Force interaction between a W tip and Si(111) investigated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions

The force on a W tip has been measured in ultrahigh vacuum during approach and indentation against Si(111). The maximum separation where we detect an attractive force is 5 \AA{}, which is within the range where wave-function overlap should occur. Calculating the van der Waals force using the sphere-flat geometry and a radius of 150 \AA{} that we determine by scanning electron microscopy overestimates the force, while a cone-shaped tip apex is consistent with our results. After contact we observe discontinuous steps in the force curve in agreement with molecular-dynamics simulations. The stiffness of the junction increases during the first 5 \AA{} after contact and stabilizes at \ensuremath{\sim}25 N/m, which is approximately a factor of 3 lower than estimated from classical elasticity theory. The maximum adhesive force is \ensuremath{\sim}5 nN. We also present a model that relates the dynamic behavior of the force-feedback controller to the formation of a connective neck over the tip-surface gap.
Numerical Investigations on Dynamics and Heat Transfer in a Turbulent Underexpanded Jet

A fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equation solver in conjunction with a Reynolds stress model is validated for mildly and strongly underexpanded jets. For mildly underexpanded jets, good agreement has been found compared to available measurements for the shock reflections. The model even demonstrated some improvements over a three-dimensional modified κ-e model for turbulent predictions, which confirms the inadequacy of isotropic eddy-viscosity-based models to represent properly the turbulence in those flows. For the strongly underexpanded case, the predicted Mach disk location and size are found to be in excellent agreement compared to available measurements. In addition, the predicted flow structure beyond the disk agrees with experimental observations. An attempt is also made to explain the strong coupling between some dynamic features and heat transfer aspects.