Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ReLLa: Retrieval-enhanced Large Language Models for Lifelong Sequential Behavior Comprehension in Recommendation

With large language models (LLMs) achieving remarkable breakthroughs in natural language processing (NLP) domains, LLM-enhanced recommender systems have received much attention and have been actively explored currently. In this paper, we focus on adapting and empowering a pure large language model for zero-shot and few-shot recommendation tasks. First and foremost, we identify and formulate the lifelong sequential behavior incomprehension problem for LLMs in recommendation domains, i.e., LLMs fail to extract useful information from a textual context of long user behavior sequence, even if the length of context is far from reaching the context limitation of LLMs. To address such an issue and improve the recommendation performance of LLMs, we propose a novel framework, namely Retrieval-enhanced Large Language models (ReLLa) for recommendation tasks in both zero-shot and few-shot settings. For zero-shot recommendation, we perform semantic user behavior retrieval (SUBR) to improve the data quality of testing samples, which greatly reduces the difficulty for LLMs to extract the essential knowledge from user behavior sequences. As for few-shot recommendation, we further design retrieval-enhanced instruction tuning (ReiT) by adopting SUBR as a data augmentation technique for training samples. Specifically, we develop a mixed training dataset consisting of both the original data samples and their retrieval-enhanced counterparts. We conduct extensive experiments on three real-world public datasets to demonstrate the superiority of ReLLa compared with existing baseline models, as well as its capability for lifelong sequential behavior comprehension. To be highlighted, with only less than 10% training samples, few-shot ReLLa can outperform traditional CTR models that are trained on the entire training set (e.g., DCNv2, DIN, SIM). The code is available \url{https://github.com/LaVieEnRose365/ReLLa}.
Improving Misaligned Multi-modality Image Fusion with One-stage Progressive Dense Registration

Misalignments between multi-modality images pose challenges in image fusion, manifesting as structural distortions and edge ghosts. Existing efforts commonly resort to registering first and fusing later, typically employing two cascaded stages for registration,i.e., coarse registration and fine registration. Both stages directly estimate the respective target deformation fields. In this paper, we argue that the separated two-stage registration is not compact, and the direct estimation of the target deformation fields is not accurate enough. To address these challenges, we propose a Cross-modality Multi-scale Progressive Dense Registration (C-MPDR) scheme, which accomplishes the coarse-to-fine registration exclusively using a one-stage optimization, thus improving the fusion performance of misaligned multi-modality images. Specifically, two pivotal components are involved, a dense Deformation Field Fusion (DFF) module and a Progressive Feature Fine (PFF) module. The DFF aggregates the predicted multi-scale deformation sub-fields at the current scale, while the PFF progressively refines the remaining misaligned features. Both work together to accurately estimate the final deformation fields. In addition, we develop a Transformer-Conv-based Fusion (TCF) subnetwork that considers local and long-range feature dependencies, allowing us to capture more informative features from the registered infrared and visible images for the generation of high-quality fused images. Extensive experimental analysis demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method in the fusion of misaligned cross-modality images.
Extra electron reﬂections in concentrated alloys may originate from planar defects, not short-range order

In many concentrated alloys of current interest, the observation of diﬀuse superlattice intensities by transmission electron microscopy has been attributed to the presence of chemical short-range order. This interpretation is questioned on the basis of crystallographic considerations and theoretical predictions of ordering. The work of Xiao and Daykin [ Ultramicroscopy 53 (1994)], which shows how planar defects can produce the exact set of observed peaks, is highlighted as an alternative explanation that would impact the conclusions of a number of recent studies.
Improved YOLOv8 Detection Algorithm in Security Inspection Image

——Security inspection is the first line of defense to ensure the safety of people's lives and property, and intelligent security inspection is an inevitable trend in the future development of the security inspection industry. Aiming at the problems of overlapping detection objects, false detection of contraband, and missed detection in the process of X-ray image detection, an improved X-ray contraband detection algorithm CSS-YOLO based on YOLOv8s is proposed. Firstly, aim at the missed detection problem in target detection. We choose to use the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) in the backbone, where the channel attention module and spatial attention module can effectively extract the feature information flow in the network. Secondly, for the small targets object detection. Swin-Transformer module is introduced into the YOLOv8s backbone network. Utilize its Self-Attention and Shifted Window to improve the ability of the model to extract global features from X-ray images. Finally, to the overlapping problem for detection targets. Use Soft NMS to avoid missing objects by removing overlapping proposals. The average detection accuracy of the algorithm in the SIXray positive sample data set is 72.3%, which is 2.5 percentage points higher than that of YOLOv8s. Aiming at the messy X-ray detection sets on the market, we collected and sorted out a self-made data set QXray that is closer to the actual situation through major data websites and carried out simulated detection on it. In the self-made data set QXray, the average detection accuracy rate reaches 72.6%, which is 12% higher than that of YOLOv8s. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved algorithm is significantly improved compared with the original YOLOv8s algorithm, which proves the effectiveness of the algorithm. For the subsequent deployment methods of the model, we also analyzed and summarized some commonly used methods for reference. Our implementation code is published at https://github.com/luliyaoLeo/Improved-YOLOv8-Detection-Algorithm-in-X-ray-Security-Inspection-Image.
Computational study of samarium hydride at megabar pressures

Samarium hydride, belonging to the broad class of lanthanide hydrides, has yet to be experimentally tested at high pressure. In this study, we use random structure searches to explore possible stable stoichiometries and propose SmH 2 with a layered hexagonal structure in the P 6 /mmm space group and SmH 6 with a hydrogen clathrate structure in the Im 3 m space group as theoretically stable phases of samarium hydride at a wide range of pressures centered around 200 GPa. We com-bine the first principles methods of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory to explore many-body correlations in samarium hydride, reporting electron and phonon dispersions and densities of states. Finally, we evaluate the potential electron-phonon driven superconductivity and find low critical temperatures at 200 GPa.
Marsupial position on life-history continua and the potential contribution of life-history traits to population growth

Previous studies have suggested that mammal life history varies along the fast–slow continuum and that, in eutherians, this continuum is linked to variation in the potential contribution of survival and reproduction to population growth rate (λ). Fast eutherians mature early, have large litters and short lifespans, and exhibit high potential contribution of age at first reproduction and fertility to λ, while slow eutherians show high potential contribution of survival to λ. However, marsupials have typically been overlooked in comparative tests of mammalian life-history evolution. Here, we tested whether the eutherian life-history pattern extends to marsupials, and show that marsupial life-history trade-offs are organized along two major axes: (i) the reproductive output and dispersion axis, and (ii) the fast–slow continuum, with an additional association between adult survival and body mass. Life-history traits that potentially drive changes in λ are similar in eutherians and marsupials with slow life histories, but differ in fast marsupials; age at first reproduction is the most important trait contributing to λ and fertility contributes little. Marsupials have slower life histories than eutherians, and differences between these clades may derive from their contrasting reproductive modes; marsupials have slower development, growth and metabolism than eutherians of equivalent size.
Morphological and molecular study of Syllinae (Annelida, Syllidae) from Bermuda, with the description of five new species

Although polychaetes from the Bermuda Archipelago have been studied since the beginning of the twentieth century, syllids have been particularly neglected in this area, which is surprising considering this family is usually a dominant group in marine benthic ecosystems. To fill this knowledge gap, we have carried out an extensive analysis of Bermudan Syllidae, combining morphological and molecular data including four nuclear and mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA). We have identified and established the phylogenetic position of five new species, Haplosyllis anitae n. sp. , Haplosyllis guillei n. sp. , Haplosyllis larsi n. sp. , Haplosyllis vassiae n. sp. and Syllis laiae n. sp. , together with Haplosyllis cf. cephalata. Overall, our results extend the knowledge on the diversity of Syllidae in Bermuda, increasing the number of species present in the area to 25. Our results also recover Opisthosyllis and Syllis as non-monophyletic genera, for which traditional diagnostic morphological features do not accurately reflect their evolutionary histories, and thus we propose that these groups should be reorganized based on molecular characters.
Continuous hydroponic wheat production using a recirculating system

Continuous crop production, where plants of various ages are growing simultaneously in a single recirculating nutrient solution, is a possible alternative to batch production in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System. A study was conducted at John F. Kennedy Space Center where 8 trays (0.24 sq m per tray) of Triticum aestivum L. Yecora Rojo were grown simultaneously in a growth chamber at 23 C, 65 percent relative humidity, 1000 ppm CO2, continuous light, with a continuous flow, thin film nutrient delivery system. The same modified Hoagland nutrient solution was recirculated through the plant trays from an 80 L reservoir throughout the study. It was maintained by periodic addition of water and nutrients based on chemical analyses of the solution. The study was conducted for 216 days, during which 24 trays of wheat were consecutively planted (one every 9 days), 16 of which were grown to maturity and harvested. The remaining 8 trays were harvested on day 216. Grain yields averaged 520 g m(exp -2), and had an average edible biomass of 32 percent. Consecutive yields were unaffected by nutrient solution age. It was concluded that continual wheat production will work in this system over an extended period of time. Certain micronutrient deficiencies and toxicities posed problems and must be addressed in future continuous production systems.
Acrobats and Safety-Nets: Problematizing Large-Scale Agile Software Development

Agile development methods have become a standard in the software industry, including in large-scale projects. These methods share a set of underlying assumptions that distinguish them from more traditional plan-driven approaches. In this paper we adopt Alvesson and Sandberg's problematization approach to challenge three key assumptions that are prevalent in the large-scale agile literature: 1) agile and plan-driven methods are mutually exclusive; 2) self-managing and hierarchically-organized teams are mutually exclusive; and 3) agile methods can scale through simple linear composition. Using a longitudinal case study of large-scale agile development, we describe a series of trigger events and episodes whereby the agile approach was tailored to address the needs of the large-scale development context, which was very much at odds with these fundamental assumptions. We develop a set of new underlying assumptions which suggest that agile and plan-driven practices are mutually enabling and necessary for coordination and scaling in large-scale agile projects. We develop nine propositions for large-scale agile projects based on these new alternative underlying assumptions. Finally, we summarize our theoretical contribution in a generic process model of continuously adjusting agile and plan-driven practices in order to accommodate process challenges in large-scale agile projects.
Embracing Learner Diversity in Engineering Education: A Systematic Review

Adaption to evolving learning and teaching strategies is inevitable for both learners and instructors. This is due to the diversity in the background of both the learners and the instructors. The evolution comes with its own challenges such as consideration of different learning styles. The purpose of this study is to explore the different learning styles of students and investigate the diversity in teaching techniques to enhance the learning, motivation, engagement, and success of all students. A systematic literature review method was used to collect data from the reviewed articles. Different models, frameworks and approaches are utilised to ensure maximum and successful learning from all the students. A detailed study of the frameworks and approaches that are used to address the different learning styles is explored. The actual learning styles and pedagogy emanating from this study indicated a solid awareness and consideration of diverse learning styles of learners. The results also indicate that various teaching strategies employed accommodate learners’ diversity in the engineering education. The blended learning approach accounted for 48% of the articles reviewed followed by the game based learning (28%) while the project based learning accounted for 24%. This may improve teaching and improve learners approach to learning. The findings of this study can serve as a guide and encouragement for teachers to take the lead and incorporate new technologies and new pedagogics in their teaching styles.
Enhancing a Firm's Innovation Performance: On the Interplay between Internal R&D and External Collaboration

To thrive in a competitive environment, businesses must embrace innovation and one of the key drivers is a firm's internal research and development (R&D). However, firms cannot rely mainly on their internal R&D but require external knowledge as an important source of innovation. This paper examines the effects of the relationship between a firm's internal R&D and the diverse external collaboration partners on a firm's innovation performance. Drawing upon the analysis of 10,800 manufacturing firms in Thailand, there is no evidence regarding the significant effect of internal R&D on innovation performance. In contrast to prior research, firms do not benefit in terms of innovation performance when engaging with universities and competitors which might be the result of weak university-industry linkage and appropriability regime in Thailand. This paper contributes to the literature by offering novel findings on the adverse effects of internal R&D in the open innovation paradigm, especially in the context of developing countries. Furthermore, this research provides insights for practitioners and researchers on the guidance for decision making regarding external collaboration.
The Particle-In-Cell simulation on LEO spacecraft charging and the wake structure using EMSES

The spacecraft in space is exposed to charged particle bombardment leading to significant charging and distorting the wake structure. The complexity of interaction between spacecraft and particle is difficult to assess, thus needs to be resolved numerically using appropriate method. Electro Magnetic Spacecraft Environment Simulator (EMSES) was developed based on Particle-in-Cell (PIC) which treated not only electrostatic phenomena but also selfconsistent analysis of electromagnetic effects on the spacecraft surfaces. We employed EMSES to simulate the charging of ERS-1 spacecraft and its influence on the vicinity of the spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) environment. We focused on the floating potential of the spacecraft and the wake structure in the downstream region of the spacecraft. We also present the contribution of electric field to drive the ion trajectory passing through the sheath edge of the spacecraft.
Predicting falls-related admissions in older adults in Alberta, Canada: a machine-learning falls prevention tool developed using population administrative health data

Objective To construct a machine-learning (ML) model for health systems with organised falls prevention programmes to identify older adults at risk for fall-related admissions. Design This prognostic study used population-level administrative health data to develop an ML prediction model. Setting This study took place in Alberta, Canada during 2018–2019. Participants Albertans aged 65 and older with at least one prior admission. Those with palliative conditions or emigrated out of Alberta were excluded. Exposure Unit of analysis was the individual person. Main outcomes/measures We identified fall-related admissions. A CatBoost model was developed on 2018 data to predict risk of fall-related emergency department visits or hospitalisations. Temporal validation was done using 2019 data to evaluate model performance. We reported discrimination, calibration and other relevant metrics measured at the end of 2019 on both ranked predictions and predicted probability thresholds. A cost-savings simulation was performed using 2019 data. Results Final number of study participants was 224 445. The validation set had 203 584 participants with 19 389 fall-related events (9.5% pretest probability) and an ML model c-statistic of 0.70. The highest ranked predictions had post-test probabilities ranging from 40% to 50%. Net benefit analysis presented mixed results with some net benefit using the ML model in the 6%–30% range. The top 50 percentile of predicted risks represented nearly $C60 million in health system costs related to falls. Intervening on the top 25 or 50 percentiles of predicted risk could realise substantial (up to $C16 million) savings. Conclusion ML prediction models based on population-level administrative data can assist health systems with fall prevention programmes identify older adults at risk of fall-related admissions and reduce costs. ML predictions based on ranked predictions or probability thresholds could guide subsequent interventions to mitigate fall risks. Increased access to diverse forms of data could improve ML performance and further reduce costs.
Helper NLRs Nrc2 and Nrc3 act co-dependently with Prf/Pto and activate MAPK signaling to induce immunity in tomato

Plant intracellular immune receptors, primarily nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs), can detect virulence proteins (effectors) from pathogens and activate NLR-triggered immunity (NTI). Recently, ‘sensor’ NLRs have been reported to function with ‘helper’ NLRs to activate immune responses. We investigated the role of two helper NLRs, Nrc2 (NLR required for cell death 2) and Nrc3, on immunity in tomato to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) mediated by the sensor NLR Prf and the Pto kinase. Loss-of-function mutations in both Nrc2 and Nrc3 completely compromised Prf/Pto-mediated NTI to Pst containing the cognate effectors AvrPto and AvrPtoB. An nrc3 mutant showed intermediate susceptibility between wild-type tomato plants and a Prf mutant, while an nrc2 mutant developed only mild disease symptoms. These observations indicate that Nrc2 and Nrc3 act additively to contribute to Prf/Pto-mediated immunity. We also examined at what point Nrc2 and Nrc3 act in the Prf/Pto-mediated immune response. In the nrc2/3 mutant, programmed cell death (PCD) normally induced by constitutively-active variants of AvrPtoB, Pto or Prf was abolished, but that induced by M3Kα or Mkk2 was not. PCD induced by a constitutively active variant of Nrc3 was also abolished in a Nicotiana benthamiana line with reduced expression of Prf. MAPK activation triggered by expression of AvrPto in the wild-type Pto-expressing tomato plants was completely abolished in the nrc2/3 mutant. These results indicate that Nrc2 and Nrc3 act in concert with Prf/Pto and upstream of MAPK signaling. Nrc2 and Nrc3 were not required for the HR triggered by Ptr1, another sensor NLR mediating Pst resistance, although these helper NLRs do appear to be involved in resistance to certain Pst race 1 strains.
Rapid ionic current phenotyping (RICP) identifies mechanistic underpinnings of iPSC-CM AP heterogeneity

As a renewable, easily accessible, human-derived in vitro model, human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) are a promising tool for studying arrhythmia-related factors, including cardiotoxicity and congenital proarrhythmia risks. An oft-mentioned limitation of iPSC-CMs is the abundant cell-to-cell variability in recordings of their electrical activity. Here, we develop a new method, rapid ionic current phenotyping (RICP), that utilizes a short (10 s) voltage clamp protocol to quantify cell-to-cell heterogeneity in key ionic currents. We correlate these ionic current dynamics to action potential recordings from the same cells and produce mechanistic insights into cellular heterogeneity. We present evidence that the L-type calcium current is the main determinant of upstroke velocity, rapid delayed rectifier K+ current is the main determinant of the maximal diastolic potential, and an outward current in the excitable range of slow delayed rectifier K+ is the main determinant of action potential duration. We measure an unidentified outward current in several cells at 6 mV that is not recapitulated by iPSC-CM mathematical models but contributes to determining action potential duration. In this way, our study both quantifies cell-to-cell variability in membrane potential and ionic currents, and demonstrates how the ionic current variability gives rise to action potential heterogeneity. Based on these results, we argue that iPSC-CM heterogeneity should not be viewed simply as a problem to be solved but as a model system to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of cellular variability. New & Noteworthy We present rapid ionic current phenotyping (RICP), a current quantification approach based on an optimized voltage clamp protocol. The method captures a rich snapshot of ionic currents that provides quantitative information about multiple currents (e.g., ICaL, IKr) in the same cell. The protocol helped to identify key ionic determinants of cellular action potential heterogeneity in iPSC-CMs. This included unexpected results, such as the critical role of IKr in establishing the maximum diastolic potential.