Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Class Politics in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts

Abstract How do economic and social position structure partisan affiliation? While neo-Durkheimian treatments of class and political behavior suggest the potential for extreme variability in the social bases of partisan affiliation, data limitations have largely restricted quantitative studies of this relationship to the postwar era. This temporal limitation restricts variation in observable social structure, thus limiting the ability of analysts to assess theoretical explanations. To address this gap, I introduce novel data on occupation and ethnicity for more than 20,000 Massachusetts state legislators in the nineteenth century. This allows me to find the “best fit” model for the social bases of party affiliation in four distinct periods in Massachusetts’ political history. I show that the Massachusetts political system transitioned from a system of occupational cleavages to proto-class cleavages between the First Party System (1795–1826) and Second Party System (1835–54). The Civil War and Reconstruction Era (1855–77) was characterized by the emergence of an ethnic cleavage, but near-modern class divisions emerged as the strongest predictors of legislators’ party affiliations for the remainder of the Third Party System (1878–93). Combined with historiographical accounts of the nineteenth century, these analyses suggest that the emergence of class politics requires intermediary organizations such as unions and professional associations, the liberalization of economic laws and regulation, and the increasingly unequal distribution of productive property.
Original article Stability of polyhydroxylated 1,4-naphthoquinone pigment recovered from spines of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus

Summary The stability of polyhydroxylated 1,4-naphthoquinone pigment recovered from sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) spines was observed by spectrophotometer. When pH values changed from 2.0 to 10.0, the pigment showed colour variations. Meanwhile, pH values affected the stability of the pigment. After 24 h of storage, the pigment remained 95.64%, 79.68% and 46.15% of the initial absorbance at pH 3.0, 7.0 and 10.0, respectively. The pigment was prone to degrade on exposure to light. It remained 40.11% of the initial absorbance under natural light after 14 days of storage. Whereas the corresponding value in the dark was 65.14%. Degradation rate of the pigment increased with increasing temperature. The pigment remained 90.49% of the initial absorbance at 20 � C after 24 h of storage. However, the corresponding value decreased to 66.61% at 80 � C. Additives, including antioxidant, oxidising and reducing agents, and some metal ions all affected the stability of the pigment.
Effect of Competitors’ eWOM in the Mobile Game Market

ABSTRACT The competition among the products is common in the business environment. However, the impact of a product’s competitors in consumers’ electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communications has received little attention. Drawing from the theory of distinctive processing, this research examines how eWOM affects a product’s success in the competitive mobile game market. Based on a dataset obtained from searchman.com, we find that eWOM volume and valence promote games’ sales in general. More importantly, we find the moderating effect of the competitors’ eWOM. Our findings suggest that review volume of competitors enhances the relationship between users’ review volume and games’ sales. Moreover, the review valence of competitors decreases the effects of consumers’ review volume and valence on games’ sales. This study contributes to the academics by providing a better understanding of the influence of eWOM on games’ success. This paper also suggests practical implications for mobile game markets and review platforms.
Preparation of Nano-Antigen for Brucella Abortus by Ultrasound Technique and Evaluate their Sensitivity by ELISA Technique

Background: The nanoparticle technology, or nanotechnology is the science that studies the treatment of matter on the atomic and molecular scale. Nanotechnology deals with measurements between 1 to 100 nanometers, i.e. deals with atomic clusters ranging from five atoms to a thousand atoms. They are much smaller than bacteria and a living cell palsy. Method: In this study, it involved the production of a new technique for diagnosing infection with Brucella bacteria. This study included 45 samples of patients suffering from brucellosis (women and men), in addition to 36 samples from other Brucella. All were diagnosed Injuries by hospital medical advisory staff using various tests vitek, ELISA, API20C, Morphology, Brucella media test. The samples were examined using the new technique compared to the routine method of diagnosis. We found that the new technique gave a positive result to the samples infected with Brucella bacteria, while the rest of the samples without infection with Brucella bacteria gave a negative result. Results: It was found that the tests of Elisa and API20C, Vitek were more sensitive 100% and specialized 100% for the diagnosis of Brucella bacteria than other method morpholgy with allergic 44%and specialized 86%, Brucella mediaTest, with allergy 88 % And specialty 86%. The results of the ELISA kit test were the nano-labs (the new technique) in this study to diagnose more successful bacteria compared to normal system and more allergic and specialized because of the antigen-containing. Conclusion: The new kit use in nanotechnology is more Sensitivity and Specificity for diagnosis to the brucella, Roads routine to diagnose brucella is not effective compared with API, Vitek and ELISA .
Gender Gaps in the Use of Urban Space in Seoul: Analyzing Spatial Patterns of Temporary Populations Using Mobile Phone Data

This study aims to examine the gender gaps in the use of urban space in Seoul, Korea, to provide empirical evidence for urban planning for gender equality. We analyzed daily temporary populations that were estimated using mobile phone data. We used the total, women’s, and men’s temporary populations as well as the subtraction of the temporary population of men from that of women (SMW) as dependent variables. We first conducted a visual analysis on temporary population density using kernel density estimation and then conducted a further analysis using spatial autocorrelation indicators and spatial regression models. The results demonstrate that: (1) Temporary population patterns for women and men showed similarities in that both were larger in business areas than in residential areas, which means that a large number of women were engaged in economic activities like men; (2) the pattern for SMW showed the opposite, that is, women were more active in residential areas and areas where neighborhood retail shops, cultural facilities, parks, and department stores were easily accessible; and (3) both women’s temporary population and SMW had spatial autocorrelation and thus showed clustering patterns that can be helpful in urban planning for gender equality in Korea.
Assessment of Bio-Security Condition in Small Scale Poultry Production System in and Around Mekelle, Ethiopia

A survey and observational study was conducted to assess the bio-security condition in terms of traffic control, sanitation and isolation in small scale poultry farms in and around Mekelle. The data was collected from a survey of 25 small scale poultry farm owners using a structured questionnaire format. Traffic control investigation of the study revealed that 88% of the farms do prevent contact of chicken with other village chicken and wild birds. Eighty four percents of the farms were not consented to predators and rodents. Likewise, 76% of them used separate clothing and shoes before entry into the farm and their houses were open for authorized visitors. Regarding sanitation practice, the study showed that 80% of the farms used a foot bath at the gate. Eighty eight percent of the farms were practicing cleaning and disinfection of house and equipment’s. While assessing the isolation practice of the farms the study revealed that 24% of the study farms adept all in all out practice and there was quarantine for new comer birds in only 32% of poultry farms. However, 64% of farms kept different age group chicken together and 76% of the farms used isolated pen for diseased poultry. It can be concluded that the study result revealed that the bio-security measures in small scale poultry farms was found to be encouraging. However, strengthening of the existing measures is very crucial through training and awareness creation.
Carbon Sequestration and Productivity Potential of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Hybrids and Varieties under Coastal Eco-System of Maharashtra

Field experiment was carried out at All India Coordinated Research Project on Palms, Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye (DBSKKV, Dapoli), Maharashtra, (India) during the period of 2004-2016 to assess the carbon sequestration and productivity potential of twelve coconut hybrids and three varieties which was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Results showed that the two hybrids viz, GBGD x ECT (127.6 nuts/palm/year) and COD x LCT (108.0 nuts/palm/year) are superior with respect to nut production followed by WCT x MYD (107.6 nuts), ECT x GBGD (106.9 nuts) and the standard variety ‘Pratap’. Furthermore, the coconut orchard substantially contributed towards improving the above and below ground carbon stock. The above ground standing biomass and carbon stock recorded was the highest in the variety East Coast Tall (312 kg/plant and 27.32 t/ha, respectively) followed by hybrid WCT x GBGD (308.69 kg/plant and Original Research Article Ghavale et al.; CJAST, 39(22): 30-37, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 59275 31 27.01 t/ha, respectively) and the lowest was in hybrid MYD x ECT (138.71 kg/plant and 12.14 t/ha, respectively). The highest soil carbon stock 39.12 t/ha and 37.16 t/ha at 0-30 and 31-60 cm depth was recorded in the rhizosphere of hybrid ECT x MYD and the lowest soil carbon stock (35.52 t/ha and 34.71 t/ha) was observed in hybrid PHOT x GBGD.
Effect of species on chemical composition, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and methane production of some legume plants grown in Turkey

ABSTRACT The aim of the current experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD), gas and methane production of some legume plants estimated by in vitro gas production technique, and to determine the relationship among chemical composition, ME, OMD, gas and methane production of some legume plants. Although species has a significant effect on the chemical composition, gas production, ME and OMD species has no effect on methane emission of legume hays. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) ranged from 22.86% to 42.93% and 20.24% to 37.16% respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents of legume hays ranged from 13.61% to 20.55%. Neutral detergent fibre and ADF contents of legume plants are negatively correlated with gas production, ME and OMD. It can be concluded that legume plant studied in the current experiment showed a wide nutritional diversity and will provide not only protein but also fibre for livestocks. They may exhibit complementary role for ruminant animals grazing on poor quality forages. Legume species studied in the current experiment had a no anti-methanogenic properties.
The Behavioral Ecology of Sex Tourism: The Consequences of Skewed Sex Ratios

The operational sex ratio (i.e., the ratio of reproductive-age females to males in a population) shapes both animal and human behavior in important ways. Drawing on research in evolution and ecology, the author proposes that a local male-skewed sex ratio (i.e., a surplus of males) influences local men’s attitudes toward sex tourism. Analyzing historical field (study 1) and experimental data (study 2), the author demonstrates that male-skewed sex ratios increase men’s sex tourism rationalization and intent, while women’s predispositions are not sensitive to sex ratios. Sex tourism is explained as a subconscious ecological plasticity in response to perceived increased intensities of same-sex competition for mates, signaled by male-skewed sex ratios. The findings demonstrate a link between mating ecologies and sex tourism, with the latter serving as a compensatory behavior of same-sex mating competition. This research contributes a novel, biological perspective on sex tourism with implications for future research and practice.
Reliability assessment of scenarios generated for stock index returns incorporating momentum

Stochastic programming models for portfolio optimization rely on scenario paths for returns derived from stochastic process models. This paper investigates a variant of the geometric Brownian motion process for stock index returns that incorporates index momentum. Based on this model, three different processes for generating scenarios on a rolling basis are devised, that differ according to how frequently the momentum parameter is updated and whether it is estimated according to a simple moving average or an exponentially weighted moving average of returns. The reliability of scenario sets generated for multiple instances are assessed by applying a recently developed statistical tool. Backtesting is conducted in case studies of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index for two different historical periods. The numerical results show that the frequency with which the expected return is updated does not significantly influence the performance of the scenario generation procedure, whereas how the expected return is calculated affects the autocorrelation and dispersion of generated scenarios drastically. All scenario generation schemes are highly sensitive to the estimated volatility of the index returns. Among the three processes tested, the algorithms that incorporate momentum estimates according to an exponentially weighted moving average can generate reliable scenarios when the volatility estimation error is small.
Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Tenotomy and Its Associated Pain Reduction and Functionality Outcomes in Nonelite Active Adults

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pain and functionality after ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy (USGPT) for treatment of tendinopathy. Design This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing USGPT as an alternative to surgery. Nonelite, active adults completed pain and functionality assessments before USGPT. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify pain. The Lower Extremity Functionality Scale and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand were used to evaluate functionality. Repeat VAS scores were obtained at 1 wk, 1 mo, 2 mos, 3 mos, 6 mos, and 1 yr postprocedure, and repeat functionality assessments, at 1 yr postprocedure. Changes in VAS and functionality were analyzed with paired-sample t-tests. Results A total of 103 subjects (61 women, 42 men) underwent USGPT in the following tendons: Achilles, patellar, plantar fascia, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and supraspinatus. Subjects experienced statistically significant decreases in VAS and functionality scores at all time points. The mean VAS score decreased from 7.3 to 3.8 (P < 0.0001) 1 wk postprocedure, with a 5.8-point mean decrease at 1 yr (P < 0.0001). Lower Extremity Functionality Scale scores improved from 42.5 to 65.8 (P < 0.001) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores improved from 41.5 to 10.4 (P < 0.001) at 1 yr. Conclusion Recipients of USGPT procedures can expect to benefit from less invasive procedures and improved pain and functionality without invasive surgical procedures.
Reimagining higher education during and post-COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has required faculty and students to adapt to an unprecedented challenge and rapidly transition from traditional face-to-face instruction to distance learning formats through virtual classrooms. While most campuses trained faculty to ensure quality and maintenance of the curriculum through virtual classrooms, less consideration has been given to training students, who face equal challenges in adapting to this abrupt change in the delivery of the curriculum. Few approaches have been developed for students to facilitate their involuntary transition to virtual classrooms and maintenance of appropriate online learning behaviours and etiquette. Presented here are a series of propositions to help to maintain and enhance the quality of college student engagement and activity in the virtual classroom. These guidelines are from one example of the State University of New York public educational system perspective, at the pandemic’s epicentre, while serving a diverse student population. Initiating a meaningful dialogue between faculty, who are engaged in efforts to cope and adapt to the pandemic, may prove useful in re-envisioning and re-designing future curriculum. This may facilitate future discussions on creating best practices guidelines for asynchronous/synchronous virtual classrooms post the pandemic. The present rapid communication suggests a framework for faculty to develop such guidelines to address the current gap in the literature.
Assessment of Agro-Morphologic Performance, Genetic Parameters and Clustering Pattern of Newly Developed Blast Resistant Rice Lines Tested in Four Environments

Multi-environmental yield trial is very vital in assessing newly developed rice lines for its adaptability and stability across environments especially prior to release of the newly developed variety for commercial cultivation. The growth performance and phenotypic variability of these genotypes are the combination of environment, genotype and genotype by environment (G×E) interaction factors. Thus, evaluation creates an opportunity for effective selection of superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the newly developed blast resistant rice lines in varied environmental conditions, precisely measure the response of the advanced lines in multiple environments and classify the genotypes into groups that could serve as varieties for commercial cultivation. Genetic materials included 18 improved blast resistant rice lines and the recipient parent MR219. The total of 19 newly developed genotypes was evaluated under four varied environments in Peninsular Malaysia. The experiments were carried out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at each environment. Data were collected on the vegetative, yield and yield component traits. Descriptive statistics (mean performance) and analysis of variance were conducted using SAS Software version 9.4. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients, phenotypic variance component, heritability and genetic advance were also determined. Analysis of variance revealed that all traits were significantly different for genotypes except days to maturity, number of filled grains and total number of grains. Meanwhile, all the traits differed significantly for genotype × environment (G×E) except number of tillers per hill and number of panicles per hill. Low heritability (<30%) was found for all the traits. Similarly, low genetic advance was also observed for all the traits except for number of tillers per hill and number of panicles per hill. yield per hectare had significant and positive correlation with most evaluated traits except for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and number of unfilled grains. Cluster analysis classified the 19 evaluated genotypes into six groups. Therefore, the six clusters/groups of genotypes were recommended as varieties for commercial cultivation in Malaysia and other rice growing regions.
Variability and Correlation between Yield and Its Component Traits in Mineral Rich (Fe & Zn) Indica Rice Genotypes

In a population of 120 plants (HKR47 x BR4-10) a large variation was observed for all physiomorphological traits and Fe & Zn contents [Plant height(72.62-137.46cm); Effective No. of tillers/plant (8-14); Panicle length (13.35-30.59 cm); Grain yield/plant (9.84-24.51 g); 1000 grain wt. (17.14-27.93 g); L/B ratio of grain (2.14-4.01); Days to 50% flowering(85109);Grains/panicle (68-161);days to maturity(129-134);Grain colour (1-4) Fe content (9.0188.40 mg/kg); Zn content (19.80-96.10mg/kg)]. In F3 & F4 population of HKR47 x BR4-10 four plants identified will be used for further progenies [Plant No. 64(Fe 179.40 and Zn 95.50 mg/kg); 68 (Fe 180.80 and 68.30 mg/kg); 70 (Fe 183.10 mg/kg and 96.10 mg/kg); 71 (Fe 97.50 and 54.50mg/kg); HKR47 (Fe 54.3 and Zn 25.4mg/kg); BR4-10 (Fe 176.2 and Zn 23.2 mg/kg)]. Phenotypic correlation coefficient analysis of HKR 47 x BR4-10 population showed that Fe content is positively and significantly correlated with Zn content (0.0299, p=0.01). in this population grain yield/plant is positively correlated with plant height (0.186, p=0.05), effective numbers tillers/plant (0.217,p=0.01) and panicle length (0.342, p=0.01). plant height showed significant and positive correlation with effective numbers tillers/plant (0.217, p=0.01) and negative correlation with Zn content (-0.268, p=0.01). 1000 grain weight showed positive and significant correlation with Fe content (0.217, p=0.01) and negative correlation with Zn content (-0.251, p=0.01). Effective number of tillers/plant showed significant and positive correlation with panicle length (0.266, p=0.01). L:B ratio of grain showed negative correlation with Fe content (-0.153, p=0.05).
Numerical simulation of elliptical particles sedimentation in power-law fluid using the improved smoothed profile-lattice Boltzmann method

Abstract Simulation of non-circular particles movement in the power-law fluid has not been considered in detail because of the challenges existing in the identification of particles. Accordingly, the present work has numerically considered the elliptical particles sedimentation in a two-dimensional box filled with the power-law fluid by using the improved smoothed profile-lattice Boltzmann method (iSPM-LBM). The SPM was applied to assign the fluid–solid interaction. Furthermore, the effects of orientation, density ratio and aspect ratio on the flow patterns during the sedimentation of the single ellipse were considered. The results showed that decreasing the power-law index and increasing the aspect ratio and also, density ratio caused the stability of the particles to disappear, such that they started oscillation. The oscillation in the shear-thinning fluid was more than that observed in others. In the next case, the dynamics of two identical ellipses was investigated in different initial inclinations. It was observed that the sedimentation of particles in the shear-thinning fluid happened more quickly in comparison to the other two ones. Also, the kissing phenomenon did not occur for all cases considered. The results of the present study were then compared with those obtained from the previously published works on the Newtonian fluid, showing a good agreement.