Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidecadal climate‐induced changes in Arctic tundra lake geochemistry and geomorphology

High‐latitude lakes are sensitive indicators of climate and important ecological components of Northern landscapes. The response of Arctic lakes to accelerated 20th century warming has largely been inferred from paleolimnological and shorter‐term observational studies (< 20 yr). Here, we present a long‐term observational dataset outlining a suite of chemical, biological, and physical changes in three Russian tundra lakes over a 43‐yr period (1953–1996). In all three lakes, epilimnetic water temperature, alkalinity, and calculated pCO2, measured during the ice‐free period in late summer, increased over time. Over the same period, the rates of primary and bacterial production increased significantly. Permafrost thaw at the base and margins of the lakes likely resulted in the observed increase in size, as measured by average depth, surface area, and total volume. The observed changes show strong correlation with temperature, suggesting an overall pronounced response to warming. Importantly, CO2 sourced from either in situ or allochthonous respiration of thawed permafrost would indicate the destabilization of a large C reservoir.
LEED-CI V3 and V4 Silver and Gold Projects in China and the U.S.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) versions 4 (v4) and 3 (v3) Silver and Gold projects have been widely used in both the U.S. and China. This study aimed to compare the LEED-CI-Silver and LEED-CI-Gold v3 and v4 in China and the U.S. The design of the study comprised two stages: (1) to identify all LEED-CIv4 projects in China and the U.S. at the Silver and Gold levels for 2014–2019; and (2) to collect the same number of LEED-CIv3 projects for each certification level from the same cities of China and from the same states of the U.S. at the same times, if possible. Cliff’s δ or the log odds ratio effect size was used to evaluate the difference between the achieved and the possible points, and the difference between the Silver and Gold projects in China and the U.S. The results show that, in the Silver-to-Gold transition, in China, the water–energy–site–human health saving strategy was used, while in the U.S., only the water–energy saving strategy was used.
R Package OBsMD for Follow-Up Designs in an Objective Bayesian Framework

Fractional factorial experiments often produce ambiguous results due to confounding among the factors; as a consequence more than one model is consistent with the data. Thus, the practical problem is how to choose additional runs in order to discriminate among the rival models and to identify the active factors. The R package OBsMD solves this problem by implementing the objective Bayesian methodology proposed by Consonni and Deldossi (2016). The main feature of this approach is that the follow-up designs are obtained through the use of just two functions, OBsProb() and OMD() without requiring any prior specifications, being fully automatic. Thus OBsMD provides a simple tool for conducting a design of experiments to solve real world problems.
Effect of plant density on growth and yield attributes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an economically significant seed crop in tropical regions. With the objective of studying the effect of plant density on growth and yield characteristics of common bean, four common bean varieties (‘GLP190S’, ‘NITU’, ‘ECOPALM021’ and ‘NUA99’) collected from IRAD-Cameroon and four plant spacing distances (10 cm x 10 cm, 15 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm and 30 cm x 30 cm) corresponding respectively to four plant density (121, 49, 36 and 16 plants/m2) were evaluated for twelve quantitative traits in a randomly completed block design with three repetitions. ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed. Means values of each trait from the ANOVA analysis was submitted to the Tukey test at 5% probability level. The effect of variety was significant for all the twelve studied traits except the number of seed per plant. Pod length, plant height, number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weights were not affected by plant density while the numbers of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, biological and seed yield were significantly affected by plant density. Interaction effect of plant variety and plant density on seed yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant and collar diameter was significant. No positive correlation was found between plant density and any of the studied traits. Leaf width, collar diameter, number of functional leaves and number of pods per plant inversely correlated with plant density. At the lowest plant density (16 plant/m2), seed yield and biological yield correlated poorly with related quantitative traits comparing to higher plant densities. From all the studied varieties, only ‘ECOPALM021’ showed the seed yield not affected by plant density. This study also showed that the higher seed yield and important biological yield was at 16 plants/m2 plant density.
Aerodigestive sampling reveals altered microbial exchange between lung, oropharyngeal, and gastric microbiomes in children with impaired swallow function

1.1 Background Children with oropharyngeal dysphagia have impaired airway protection mechanisms and are at higher risk for pneumonia and other pulmonary complications. Aspiration of gastric contents is often implicated as a cause for these pulmonary complications, despite being supported by little evidence. The goal of this study is to determine the relative contribution of oropharyngeal and gastric microbial communities to perturbations in the lung microbiome of children with and without oropharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration. 1.2 Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 220 patients consecutively recruited from a tertiary aerodigestive center undergoing simultaneous esophagogastroduodenoscopy and flexible bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage, gastric and oropharyngeal samples were collected from all recruited patients and 16S sequencing was performed. A subset of 104 patients also underwent video fluoroscopic swallow studies to assess swallow function and were categorized as aspiration/no aspiration. To ensure the validity of the results, we compared the microbiome of these aerodigestive patients to the microbiome of pediatric patients recruited to a longitudinal cohort study of children with suspected GERD; patients recruited to this study had oropharyngeal, gastric and/or stool samples available. The relationships between microbial communities across the aerodigestive tract were described by analyzing within- and between-patient beta diversities and identifying taxa which are exchanged between aerodigestive sites within patients. These relationships were then compared in patients with and without aspiration to evaluate the effect of aspiration on the aerodigestive microbiome. 1.3 Results Within all patients, lung, oropharyngeal and gastric microbiomes overlap. The degree of similarity is the lowest between the oropharynx and lungs (median Jensen-Shannon distance (JSD) = 0.90), and as high between the stomach and lungs as between the oropharynx and stomach (median JSD = 0.56 for both; p = 0.6). Unlike the oropharyngeal microbiome, lung and gastric communities are highly variable across people and driven primarily by person rather than body site. In patients with aspiration, the lung microbiome more closely resembles oropharyngeal rather than gastric communities and there is greater prevalence of microbial exchange between the lung and oropharynx than between gastric and lung sites (p = 0.04 and 4×10−5, respectively). 1.4 Conclusions The gastric and lung microbiomes display significant overlap in patients with intact airway protective mechanisms while the lung and oropharynx remain distinct. In patients with impaired swallow function and aspiration, the lung microbiome shifts towards oropharyngeal rather than gastric communities. This finding may explain why antireflux surgeries fail to show benefit in pediatric pulmonary outcomes.
Relationship between emotional labor, work stress, employee creativity, and turnover intention: study on Indonesian bank frontliners

This study examines the effects of emotional labor on work stress, employee creativity and turnover intention, and examines the role of work stress as a mediator. The study was conducted in a limited way to the 90 employees of the Semarang branch of the BTN bank frontliners. The analysis using SEM PLS suggested that emotional labor had a positive effect on work stress and turnover intention but was not significant on employee creativity. Furthermore, work stress has a negative effect on employee creativity and a positive effect on turnover intention, and in this study proves that work stress mediated the influence of emotional labor on employee creativity and on turnover intention.
Large-scale intrinsic connectivity is consistent across varying task demands

Measuring whole-brain functional connectivity patterns based on task-free (‘restingstate’) spontaneous fluctuations in the functional MRI (fMRI) signal is a standard approach to probing habitual brain states, independent of task-specific context. This view is supported by spatial correspondence between task- and rest-derived connectivity networks. Yet, it remains unclear whether intrinsic connectivity observed in a resting-state acquisitions is persistent during task. Here, we sought to determine how changes in ongoing brain activation, elicited by task performance, impact the integrity of whole-brain functional connectivity patterns. We employed a ‘steadystates’ paradigm, in which participants continuously executed a specific task (without baseline periods). Participants underwent separate task-based (visual, motor and visuomotor) or task-free (resting) steady-state scans, each performed over a 5-minute period. This unique design allowed us to apply a set of traditional resting-state analyses to various task-states. In addition, a classical fMRI block-design was employed to identify individualized brain activation patterns for each task, allowing to characterize how differing activation patterns across the steady-states impact whole-brain intrinsic connectivity patterns. By examining correlations across segregated brain regions (nodes) and the whole brain (using independent component analysis), we show that the whole-brain network architecture characteristic of the resting-state is robustly preserved across different steady-task states, despite striking inter-task changes in brain activation (signal amplitude). Subtler changes in functional connectivity were detected locally, within the active networks. Together, we show that intrinsic connectivity underlying the canonical resting-state networks is relatively stable even when participants are engaged in different tasks and is not limited to the resting-state. New and Noteworthy Does intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) reflect the canonical or transient state of the brain? We tested the consistency of the intrinsic connectivity networks across different task-conditions. We show that despite local changes in connectivity, at the whole-brain level there is little modulation in FC patterns, despite profound and large-scale activation changes. We therefore conclude that intrinsic FC largely reflects the a priori habitual state of the brain, independent of the specific cognitive context.
Photoacclimation of Arctic Ocean phytoplankton to shifting light and nutrient limitation

As the physical environment of the Arctic Ocean shifts seasonally from ice‐covered to open water, the limiting resource for phytoplankton growth shifts from light to nutrients. To understand the phytoplankton photophysiological responses to these environmental changes, we evaluated photoacclimation strategies of phytoplankton during the low‐light, high‐nutrient, ice‐covered spring and the high‐light, low‐nutrient, ice‐free summer. Field results show that phytoplankton effectively acclimated to reduced irradiance beneath the sea ice by maximizing light absorption and photosynthetic capacity. In fact, exceptionally high maximum photosynthetic rates and efficiency observed during the spring demonstrate that abundant nutrients enable prebloom phytoplankton to become “primed” for increases in irradiance. This ability to quickly exploit increasing irradiance can help explain the ability of phytoplankton to generate massive blooms beneath sea ice. In comparison, phytoplankton growth and photosynthetic rates are reduced postbloom due to severe nutrient limitation. These results advance our knowledge of photoacclimation by polar phytoplankton in extreme environmental conditions and indicate how phytoplankton may acclimate to future changes in light and nutrient resources under continued climate change.
Association of Traits and Adaptability of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in Western Part of Ethiopia

DOI: 10.15580/GJAS.2019. 1.123118189 In Ethiopia, maize is one of the most important and major strategic food crop among cereal. Hybrid maize varieties plays important role as the average yield of the country increased through time. The objectives of the study are to determine the correlation between grain yield and other agronomic parameters and to identify high yielding adapted hybrid maize varieties. Nineteen released hybrid maize varieties were evaluated at Kamash and Assosa area of western Ethiopia during the 2016 main season. Quantitative traits including phenology, disease, yield and yield component traits were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference (p≤ 0.01) among genotypes for most of tested traits for both locations. These indicated presence of sufficient amount of variability among genotypes for the tested traits. Hybrid maize varieties Limu, Shone and BH546 showed the highest grain yield and significantly different from the standard check BH543 at Kamash location. At Assosa maize hybrids Viz. Abarya, Shone, BH546 and BH547 revealed highest yield performance. Therefore, demonstration and popularization of these varieties could boost maize yield in the area. Positive significant correlation of grain yield were observed with days to maturity and fresh ear weight at Kamash location and with plant height, ear height and fresh ear weight at Assosa location. Negative significant correlation of yield with gray leaf spot and Turcicum leaf blight disease were observed under both locations. Selection for higher fresh ear weight, late maturity, longer plant and ear height simultaneously could result yield improvement in maize. Submitted: 31/12/2018 Accepted: 11/01/2019 Published: 31/01/2019
Incidence of internal parasites of the slaughtered local breeds of ducks and geese

Article history: Received October 28, 2019 Accepted January 20, 2020 Available online September 11, 2020 This study was carried out to determine the presence of gastrointestinal parasites of local ducks and geese in Nineveh province. Sixty-four ducks and seventy geese of different ages and sexes were purchased from local markets. Necropsy findings in ducks reviled a total infection rate of 68.8% was with protozoa, 50% was with nematodes, while 28.1% were with cestodes. On the other hand, in geese, the percentages with the mentioned parasites were 78.6% with protozoa, 54.2% with nematodes, 31.4% with cestodes. Four types of nematodes were identified in ducks; Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Heterakis isolonche, and Subulura brompti, the same were also found in geese except Heterakis.isolonche. Cestodes identified in ducks and geese were Railletina tetragona, Railletina echinobothrda, Railletina cesticillus and Coantaenia infundibulum. The detected protozoa include Eimeria spp. , Tyzeria spp. , Wenyonella spp. , Cryptosporidia spp. , Giardia spp. Double infection with parasite was higher in ducks while the triple infection in geese was the higher.
Content and Language Integrated Learning: A Duoethnographic Study about CLIL Pre-Service Teacher Education in Argentina and Spain

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is a dual-focussed approach that promotes the learning of curricular content in tandem with an additional language, usually English. Since its inception in the 1990s in Europe, CLIL provision has increased considerably not only in Europe but also in other contexts, such as Latin America, given its purported benefits in terms of motivation, cognitive skills development, and language awareness. However, little is known about how future teachers, i.e. pre-service teachers, are trained to teach through CLIL. This article aims to address this gap by describing how we – two CLIL teacher educators based in Argentina and Spain – offer CLIL courses. Through duoethnography, we show how we plan and implement CLIL input and what lessons we have learnt drawing on reflective practice in interaction. Analysis of our interaction illustrates how CLIL is conceived and operationalized and what CLIL competences are prioritized in our practices. Pedagogical implications are included.
Learning in Visual Regions as Support for the Bias in Future Value-Driven Choice

Reinforcement learning can bias decision-making towards the option with the highest expected outcome. Cognitive learning theories associate this bias with the constant tracking of stimulus values and the evaluation of choice outcomes in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Decisions however first require processing of sensory input, and to-date, we know far less about the interplay between learning and perception. This fMRI study (N=43), relates visual BOLD responses to value-beliefs during choice, and, signed prediction errors after outcomes. To understand these relationships, which co-occurred in the striatum, we sought relevance by evaluating the prediction of future value-based decisions in a separate transfer phase where learning was already established. We decoded choice outcomes with a 70% accuracy with a supervised machine learning algorithm that was given trial-by-trial BOLD from visual regions alongside more traditional motor, prefrontal, and striatal regions. Importantly, this decoding of future value-driven choice outcomes again highligted an important role for visual activity. These results raise the intriguing possibility that the tracking of value in visual cortex is supportive for the striatal bias towards the more valued option in future choice.
Voltage Harmonic Impacts on Electric Motors: A Comparison between IE2, IE3 and IE4 Induction Motor Classes

Global energy systems are undergoing a transition process towards renewable energy and energy efficiency practices. Induction motors play an important role in this energy transformation process since they are widely used as industrial loads, representing more than 53% of global energy consumption. With more countries adopting minimum energy performance standards through more efficient induction motors, comparisons between these new technologies in the presence of electrical disturbances must be systematically evaluated before adopting a substitution policy in the industry. To this end, this work presents a comparative analysis of the impact of harmonic voltages on the performance and temperature rise of electric motors classes IE2, IE3 and IE4 in the same operational conditions in view of future substitutions. The results show that under ideal operating conditions the IE4 class permanent magnet motor has better performance in terms of consumption and temperature, however presenting non-linear characteristics. In the presence of voltage harmonics, this scenario changes completely according to the harmonic content. Finally, aiming to analyze the harmonics influence in the motor temperature rise a statistical analysis by means of Spearman correlation matrices is presented.
Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation for natural organic matter removal

Low pressure mercury vapour lamps were used alone and in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to investigate the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from highly coloured surface water, high in total organic carbon (TOC). A potential benefit of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation is additive-free degradation of NOM by hydroxyl radicals rather than concentration and subsequent disposal problems associated with many conventional techniques. For mineralization and chromophore removal the UV/VUV/H 2 O 2 combination was most effective, followed by UV/VUV. Photooxidation alone was inappropriate because small (but much greater than normal UV disinfection doses) and intermediate doses increased chlorine demand, trihalomethane formation potential, nitrite, hydrogen peroxide and low molecular weight carbonyl compound concentrations. Subsequent biological treatment reduced the chlorine reactivity significantly, by removal of oxidized NOM intermediates. Low molecular weight carbonyl compound concentrations in the water increased significantly on irradiation, and differences in their speciation indicated that different reaction mechanisms were dominant in different treatments. Trihalomethane (THM) distribution shifted to more highly brominated compounds as the NOM concentration decreased with treatment. Results from this preliminary study indicate that NOM can be removed from water by VUV irradiation combined with biological treatment leading to improved drinking water quality.
NEW APPROACHES OF THE HYPONATREMIA TREATMENT IN THE ELDERLY – AN UPDATE

Hyponatremia (hNa) is a frequently common imbalance in the elderly hospitalized patients. It is often correlated with elevated plasma quantities of arginine vasopressin (AVP, the antidiuretic hormone) and namely it depicts a water surplus in order to prevail sodium levels. It can conduct, in a comprehensive range, to detrimental changes that can affect the entire health status, especially the central nervous system, thus increasing the mortality and morbidity of hospitalized patients in care units. The inherent treatment of hNa, mainly of the chronic form, requires the correction of serum sodium concentrations at the appropriate rate, because, augmenting it at a warp speed, it can determine permanent or fatal neurologic sequelae. In this regard, the therapy for hNa may be enlightened by egressing therapies that include vasopressin V2 and V1a receptors antagonists, with the principal role of encouraging aquaresis and rise the serum sodium levels, alongside with the electrolytesparing discharge of free water.
Growth overfishing of hilsa shad in Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system, India: Assessment and management implications

Juvenile fishing of the migratory hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822), is rampant in the coastal waters of northern Bay of Bengal and associated Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system. The average annual economic loss due to this was estimated at `497.84 million (around US$ 7.8 million) necessitating urgent need for managing it to maximise benefits from the fishery as it forms a major fishery resource in the region. Factors leading to juvenile fishing and the possible solutions to control the resultant biological and economic loss are discussed.
Estimation of Uncertainty in Mortality Projections Using State-Space Lee-Carter Model

The study develops alternatives of the classical Lee-Carter stochastic mortality model in assessment of uncertainty of mortality rates forecasts. We use the Lee-Carter model expressed as linear Gaussian state-space model or state-space model with Markovian regime-switching to derive coherent estimates of parameters and to introduce additional flexibility required to capture change in trend and non-Gaussian volatility of mortality improvements. For model-fitting, we use a Bayesian Gibbs sampler. We illustrate the application of the models by deriving the confidence intervals of mortality projections using Lithuanian and Swedish data. The results show that state-space model with Markovian regime-switching adequately captures the effect of pandemic, which is present in the Swedish data. However, it is less suitable to model less sharp but more prolonged fluctuations of mortality trends in Lithuania.