Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival of young and elderly adults with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a population in northeastern Brazil

Aim: To compare the profile and overall survival of young adults and elderly people diagnosed with SCC. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at a High Complexity Oncology Unit, between 2010 and 2016. A descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test and the Kaplan-Meier estimator were performed. The predictor variables were tested using the log-rank test and those with statistical significance and the literature were maintained for the Cox regression model. Results: 282 cases of SCC were recorded, with only 12.4% diagnosed in young adults. The profile was similar between groups, with the majority of cases of the disease occurring in males, smokers and alcohol consumers. The lesions predominantly located on the tongue and were diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, resulting in 35.7% of deaths. The median survival time was 30 months in the elderly and 31 months in young people. In the multivariate analysis, age was not statistically significant, only staging and treatment were predictors of reduced overall survival. Conclusion: Tumor staging, and treatment were prognostic factors for the disease.
How to make ‘stable’ ACC: protocol and preliminary structural characterization

Abstract A reproducible and simple protocol to synthesize and stabilize the metastable CaCO3·nH2O phase termed amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was developed in order to allow the characterization of its structure at the nanoscale using high-resolution microscopy combined with Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. ‘Stable’ ACC consists of relatively smooth spherical particles, 50-200 nm in size, that have XRD and Raman patterns with no intense peaks or sharp bands, as expected from amorphous material. Furthermore, high-resolution imaging also supports this finding but in addition, beam-damage induced crystallization and the concomitant formation of locally ordered domains in the ACC spheres are discussed.
Dividing Societies: The Socio‐Political Spatial Implications of Restructuring in Australia

This paper reviews trends over the last two to three decades in the socio-economic divisions in Australia, focusing on their spatial dimensions. It provides empirical evidence that our society is dividing on multiple dimensions - including of poverty. And it demonstrates that the differentiations across space in socio-economic phenomena also have complex multiple dimensions, which are explained inadequately by a 'city/bush' dichotomy popularly espoused by politicians and reported in the media. Processes of globalisation, economic restructing and employment shifts, and changing patterns of population movement are combining to create stark differentials between places both within the major cities as well as in regional Australia. As demonstrated by the recent One Nation phenomenon, voter backlash is strong, and it too has specific spatial characteristics.
Origin of High Mountains in the Continents: The Southern Sierra Nevada

Active and passive seismic experiments show that the southern Sierra, despite standing 1.8 to 2.8 kilometers above its surroundings, is underlain by crust of similar seismic thickness, about 30 to 40 kilometers. Thermobarometry of xenolith suites and magnetotelluric profiles indicate that the upper mantle is eclogitic to depths of 60 kilometers beneath the western and central parts of the range, but little subcrustal lithosphere is present beneath the eastern High Sierra and adjacent Basin and Range. These and other data imply the crust of both the High Sierra and Basin and Range thinned by a factor of 2 since 20 million years ago, at odds with purported late Cenozoic regional uplift of some 2 kilometers.
Risk factors for perimenopausal depression in Chinese women: a meta-analysis

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk factors for perimenopausal depression in Chinese women and to provide a basis for screening perimenopausal women at high-risk for depression. Methods A computer search of seven databases, including SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, and so on, and two clinical trial registries on the risk factors for depression in Chinese women during perimenopause was conducted for meta-analysis. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to December 2022. The included case–control and cross-sectional studies were evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and criteria developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Results A total of 15 papers with 12,168 patients and 18 risk factors were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the risk factors for depression in perimenopausal women were relationship quality [OR = 1.23, 95% confidence intervals (1.03, 1.46)], marital status [OR = 2.49, 95% CI (1.77, 3.50)], family income [OR = 1.48 95% CI (1.10, 2.00)], comorbid chronic diseases [OR = 2.39, 95% CI (1.93, 2.95)], exercise status [OR = 1.63, 95% CI (1.26, 2.11)], perimenopausal syndrome [OR = 2.36, 95% CI (2.11, 2.63)], age [OR = 1.04, 95% CI (1.01, 1.07)], and stressful events [OR = 12.14, 95% CI (6.48, 22.72)], and social support was a protective factor [OR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.63, 0.91), p < 0.05]. Conclusion Based on the exploration of risk factors for perimenopausal depression in Chinese women, we aimed to provide guidance for the screening of risk factors for depression in perimenopausal women and thereby reduce the incidence of depression. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/#myprospero, CRD42023403972.
Observation of O+ 4P‐4D0 lines in proton aurora over Svalbard

Spectra of a proton aurora event show lines of O+ 4P‐4D0 multiplet (4639–4696 Å) enhanced relative to the N2+1N(0,2) compared to normal electron aurora. Conjugate satellite particle measurements are used as input to electron and proton transport models, to show that p/H precipitation is the dominant source of both the O+ and N2+1N emissions. The emission cross‐section of the multiplet in p collisions with O and O2 estimated from published work does not explain the observed O+ brightness, suggesting a higher emission cross‐section for low energy p impact on O.
Assessment of crop raiding situation by elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) in farms around Kakum conservation area, Ghana

The study assessed the crop raiding situation around Kakum conservation area (KCA). This was done through analysis of data collected on elephant damage to crops from crop-raiding report forms completed for all raids, which occurred from January to December, 2007 at KCA. It was observed that cases of crop damage by elephants covered a total agricultural land area of about 2.3 ha and this involved 35 farms, which belonged to 30 farmers of seven communities around the Reserve. Cash crops like cocoa and orange and also subsistence food crops such as cassava, plantain and tomato were raided fiercely in both dry and rainy seasons. It appeared that the elephants engaged in spite raid in which situation the crop raided was not consumed. The study further revealed that the number of raids increased with the size of the farm and with the proximity to the park boundary and that the elephants mostly targeted mature crops. From the results of the study it was recommended that owners of farms around the reserve should be supported to use the available deterrent methods such as chili fences to prevent future damages. Also, farmers should be advised to plant trees that are undesirable to the elephants close to the boundary to act as buffer. A buffer zone of at least 100 m from the Park boundary should be considered. Key words:
La evolución de las precipitaciones en la cuenca occidental del Mediterráneo : ¿tendencia o ciclos?

The main goal of this paper tries to answer two of the more worring questions at the moment about Mediterranean Climatology. These questions are: Is the raifall of the Mediterranean region decreasing? , and anyway, Is that precipitation evolution subject to cycles? The answer to both questions is based on the analysis of the series from the 37 main historic observatories which began before the 20th century in the Western Mediterranean Basin.
Trophic transfer and biomagnification of four heavy metals in freshwater food web: a case study of Zhangze Lake

ABSTRACT Heavy metals are a subject of widespread concern because of their persistence, potential toxicity, and accumulation in biological tissues. However, their biomagnification in food webs is still controversial and has not been studied in detail especially in freshwater ecosystems. This study investigated the trophic transfer and biomagnification of four heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, and Hg) within the food web of the freshwater Lake Zhangze. The study showed that the trophic levels of aquatic consumers in the lake ranged from 2.00–4.53. The presence of Hg in sediments posed a strong ecological risk, and the integrated ecological risk was spatially reduced from the front of the dam to the tail of the reservoir. Planktivorous fish exhibited higher concentrations of Cu, Cd and Hg compared to other fish consumers. Heavy metals showed distinct bioaccumulation patterns within the food web, with Cu biomagnification primarily occurred at lower trophic levels, whereas Hg demonstrated biomagnification trends throughout the food web, while Cd and Pb rarely biomagnified within the food chain. Cu, Cd and Pb levels were effectively biodiluted with increasing biological trophic levels, whereas Hg levels increased with increasing trophic levels.
Estudio etnobotánico en una comunidad precordillerana de Antofagasta: Toconce

Los objetivos de este trabajo son: (i) evaluar el nivel de conocimiento y uso del medio ambiente natural que tienen los habitantes de la comunidad de Toconce y (ii) comparar esta percepción con los resultados de un análisis científico de la flora y la vegetación del área. La metodología consistió en excursiones de colecta y confección de un muestrario -de referencia utilizado para consultas de nombres, uso de especies y conceptos relacionados con la percepción del paisaje. Se colectaron en el área 154 especies reconociéndose con nombres vernaculares un 91,6%. Varios nombres colectivos se refieren a relaciones de "parentesco" (taxa) o agrupan especies con la misma forma de crecimiento. Los lugareños reconocen siete unidades etnoecológicas de acuerdo a las características fisionómicas de su vegetación, geomorfología y a su posición en la gradiente altitudinal: PAMPA, TOLAR, PAJONAL, PANISO, MEDANO, HOYADA y VEGA. Este esquema concuerda con la zonación vegetacional del área definida en el análisis ecológico. Los toconcinos integran estas categorías empíricas en tres sectores de utilización del paisaje: CHACRA, CAMPO y CERRO. Se distinguen ocho rubros de utilización de la flora, dominando las especies forrajeras. La unidad ecológica más importante es el TOLAR, con el mayor número de especies, diversidad de usos y aprovechamiento óptimo. Los resultados demuestran que el habitante de Toconce posee una comprensión acabada de su medio expresada, por una parte, en la utilización máxima de las unidades ecológicas y por otra, en un esquema conceptual coincidente con el científico. Esta percepción se integra en el patrón cultural característico de los pueblos andinos.
Airborne bacteria as cloud condensation nuclei

[1] Bacteria cultivated from aerosol and cloud water samples collected at a remote Austrian mountain site under wintry conditions were tested for their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The experiment was carried out with a cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) operating on the principle of a static thermal diffusion chamber. Average concentrations of cultivable airborne bacteria amounted to 8 colony forming units (CFU) m−3 in aerosol samples and to 79 CFU mL−1 in cloud water. The set of tested bacteria comprised Gram positive and Gram negative but no known ice nucleating species. At supersaturations between 0.07 and 0.11% all types of bacteria were activated as CCN. As the sizes of the bacteria were smaller than the Kelvin diameters for the respective supersaturations, the physico-chemical properties of their outer cell walls must have enhanced their CCN activity.
STOCK AND WATER RETENTION CAPACITY OF LITTER ACCUMULATED IN ATLANTIC RAINFOREST

Litter is an above-ground layer which is composed of leaves, twigs, reproductive material, and miscellany. It is responsible for essential processes such as soil protection, nutrient cycling and moisture retention. This study aimed to quantify the stock and water retention capacity of litter accumulated in areas of different ages in a forest restoration process. We conducted the study in the municipality of Otacílio Costa, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in a forestry company. The area went through the extraction of Pinus spp. and displays six areas with different periods in forest restoration (13, 12, 11, 10, 4, and 3 years). At each age, we installed four plots, totaling 24 plots, and we performed five collections of litter in each plot, totaling 120 collections. We determined the Water Retention Capacity by the Blow method, and we determined the litter stock in the unit of Mg ha -1 . The data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey test, and Pearson's Linear Correlation test. The total average litter stock of the area was equal to 4.46 Mg ha -1 . From all six areas evaluated, the oldest area in the forest restoration process, with 13 years, showed the highest litter stock and the highest water retention capacity (558.44%). The correlation between the litter stock and the water retention capacity was null, indicating that, as the areas progressed in the restoration process, the increase in accumulated litter did not influence the increase in their water-holding capacity.
ECONOMICALLY OPTIMAL WILDFIRE INTERVENTION REGIMES

Wildfires in the United States result in total damages and costs that are likely to exceed billions of dollars annually. Land managers and policy makers propose higher rates of prescribed burning and other kinds of vegetation management to reduce amounts of wildfire and the risks of catastrophic losses. A wildfire public welfare maximization function, using a wildfire production function estimated using a time series model of a panel of Florida counties, is employed to simulate the publicly optimal level of prescribed burning in an example county in Florida (Volusia). Evaluation of the production function reveals that prescribed fire is not associated with reduced catastrophic wildfire risks in Volusia County Florida, indicating a short-run elasticity of -0.16 and a long-run elasticity of wildfire with respect to prescribed fire of -0.07. Stochastic dominance is used to evaluate the optimal amount of prescribed fire most likely to maximize a measure of public welfare. Results of that analysis reveal that the optimal amount of annual prescribed fire is about 3 percent (9,000 acres/year) of the total forest area, which is very close to the actual average amount of prescribed burning (12,700 acres/year) between 1994-99.
ULF geomagnetic power at cusp latitudes in response to upstream solar wind conditions

Energy densities are computed for geomagnetic field fluctuations in the Pc 3–4 range using H component magnetometer data recorded at South Pole station over a three-month period from June 3 to September 4, 1982. Hourly values of the energy densities in the Pc 3 and Pc 4 period bands are found to be highly correlated during geomagnetic local daytime hours. The results of multivariate analyses between geomagnetic energies and upstream solar wind quantities show that the most important quantity in controlling the magnitude of the field fluctuations is the solar wind speed, with the IMF Bz component being of next importance. We conclude that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the dayside magnetopause is, statistically, the dominant energy source that contributes to ULF hydromagnetic wave activity at cusp latitudes.
Reinterpreting the museum: social inclusion, citizenship and the urban regeneration of Glasgow

This thesis considers the contemporary work of the museum in the post-industrial setting of Glasgow. It interprets and understands how the museum as a space gives voice to New Labour’s concepts of social inclusion and citizenship whilst being embroiled in the wider process of urban regeneration and city enhancement. This research has been conducted using a mixed methodology incorporating policy analysis, participant observation and interviews, engaging with policy documentation, museum professionals and museum users in its goal to understand how the museum has been and is positioned within society. In exploring how museums have sought to become more socially inclusive, the research examined four different programmes in detail. These included two outreach projects; one working with adult learners and the other with different religious groups in the city. The research has also followed the contribution of a group of volunteers and finally it has engaged with the on-going processes surrounding the building of the city’s latest museum. The research findings have highlighted a complex and entangled set of power relations in the attempts to articulate social inclusion policy through the museum. This suggests, building upon the work of Foucault, that the museum embraces a soft-disciplinary power in relation to citizens. Specific programmes of the museum service targeting social inclusion reveal the benefits the individual may enjoy through participating in cultural events from which they might otherwise feel excluded. Yet, the reach of such programmes question the extent to which they are able to address social inclusion in the city. Recent developments – the production of the city’s newest museum as part of the riverside regeneration in particular – reveal how the installation of the iconic museum is closely allied to the wider project of urban economic regeneration. The planning of the Riverside Museum, however, has been attentive to the social inclusion agenda, particularly through the questions of access. Finally, the research shows how the city’s dominant growth agenda has resulted in a changing role for curators, shifting their agency away from a more traditional practice in which they were key gatekeepers, coordinating what museums displayed and how they did so, and towards a role that reflects a more scrutinised form of managerial control.
Palaeomagnetic studies of the Torridonian sediments, NW Scotland

Synopsis This study covers thermal demagnetisation results from 172 localities distributed through the Upper Proterozoic Stoer Group and Torridon Group sediments of NW Scotland. Chemical leaching experiments and results from slump horizons confirm earlier studies showing that the bulk of the total NRM in these rocks resides in specularite grains and is related to deposition and/or initial lithification processes; in the Stoer Group and Aultbea Formation a considerable fraction of the remanence is held by magnetite. Thermal demagnetization partially, but not completely, removes that part of the small secondary remanence residing in the high blocking temperature fraction overlapping with the initial remanence. Demagnetization trends suggest that this secondary remanence is a composite one including both a Caledonian (c. 400 Ma) and a Tertiary/Recent component. The palaeopole estimates in stratigraphic order are: Stoer Group (main outcrop) 253°E, 46°N (A95 = 10°), Stoer Group (Enard Bay) 263°E, 37°N (A95 = 11°), Diabaig Formation 233°E, 17°S (A95 = 21½°), Cape Wrath sediments 237°E, 37°S (A95 = 16°), Lower Applecross Formation 230°E, 40°S (A95 = 16½°), Upper Applecross Formation 212°E, 27°S (A95 = 14½°), - Applecross Formation (Loch Maree), 231°E, 23°S (A95 = 17°), Aultbea Formation (Coigach Area) 231°E, 12°S (A95 = 8½°) and Aultbea Formation (main outcrop) 207°E, 7°S (A95 = 17°). The sampled sections complement and extend earlier studies to define in outline the magnetostratigraphy of these formations, and show that the contact between the Applecross and Aultbea Formations is strongly diachronous. The time-sequence of poles from the Lower and Upper Torridonian coincide with the Laurentian a.p.w. path at c. 1100 and c. 1040 Ma respectively and imply that deposition and magnetization of these sediments predated isotopic closure by c. 130 Ma (Stoer Group, Rb–Sr isochron 968 Ma) and c. 260 Ma (Torridon Group, Rb–Sr isochron 777 Ma). This supports the views that the Torridonian and Moinian rocks are broadly coeval.
Conceptualising Liveness and Visibility in the News Repertoires of Adolescents in a Polymedia Environment

Based on the assumptions that digital media are used as integrated structures or “polymedia repertoires” and that media practices cannot be treated as unrelated practices performed on distinct platforms, the present study examined the digital sociability of young people and their media prosumption in a polymedia environment. Data were collected from group interviews of 67 12- to 19-year-olds and 59 personal visualised media sketches. The study focused on teenage engagement with news as part of their media repertoires and their understanding of what news is in the context of general platform sociability conditions, including a state of permanent connectedness and constant anticipation of something new. Their sociability based on permanent activity and affective engagement was enabled and framed by the algorithmically produced regime of visibility and the promise of liveness. The findings indicated that an important consequence of the increased fragmentation of activities is the naturalisation of the performance of multiple media practices at the same time. Although the complexity of such performance, even among teenagers, revealed socially distinctive categories, clear hierarchies between types of practices—such as watching news or pop culture, online shopping and doing homework—and the cultural differentiation of the dominant contexts for these practices—such as school and leisure—were eroded. The contexts of school, home, and leisure thus collapse, and the definition of important news journalism becomes highly unstable, with the distinction between pop and politics generally disintegrating.
A Multiple Logistic Regression Model for Predicting the Development of Phytophthora ramorum symptoms in Tanoak ( Lithocarpus densiflorus )

Phytophthora ramorum attacks tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) in California and Oregon. We present a stand-level study examining the presence of disease symptoms in individual stems. Working with data from four plots in redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)/tanoak forests in Marin County, and three plots in Mendocino County, California, we evaluated a number of stem variables such as dbh, height, crown class, foliar condition and the presence of insect, fungal infection or disease symptoms for significance in multiple logistic regression analysis. We built a maximal model of variables and simplified this down following Akaike’s Information Criterion. Our final model includes only variables significant at p = 0.01. We compare disease presence and mortality results in Marin stands with results collected in Mendocino County.