Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Biological and Chemical Control Agents against Heterobasidion Spore Infections of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Stumps on Drained Peatland

Treatment of conifer stumps with a control agent effectively prevents Heterobasidion spore infections in summer cuttings and protects the residual stand and the next tree generation from damage caused by Heterobasidion root rot. Thus far, stump treatment experiments have been carried out in mineral soils, and no information is available on the efficacy of stump treatment agents in boreal peatland conditions. In the present study, biological and chemical control agents (Phlebiopsis gigantea and urea, respectively) were tested in Scots pine and Norway spruce stands subjected to thinning, cap cutting, and clearcutting on drained peatland in Central Finland. The control efficacy of urea was high in both spruce and pine stumps (on average 99.5 and 85.3%, respectively), while the efficacy of P. gigantea was highly variable on both tree species and ranged from full protection down to negative control effect, i.e., there were more Heterobasidion infections on the treated than untreated half of the stumps. The moisture content of the stump wood or the thickness of the peat layer did not affect the control efficacy of either control agent. These results emphasize a need for further studies to determine the reasons for the unsteadiness of the biological control in peatland conditions.
SETTING TASKS AND SETTING CHILDREN

The work described here was carried out in four primary schools which use setting for mathematics. This research forms part of a project on tasks in primary mathematics. The focus of this paper is a consideration of how tasks are influenced by setting. Transcripts of interviews with teachers are analysed for differences in how teachers of different sets talk about the tasks they give children. Findings suggest that there is likely to be a difference in the mathematical tasks children are offered according to the set they are in. Some information also emerges about systems of setting, apparent reasons for setting and how teachers perceive the pupils in their set.
Exploring the heterogeneities in vehicle-involved traffic violations at intersections using latent class clustering and partial proportional odds models

Abstract Vehicle-involved road crashes, mainly caused by traffic violations, result in major property damage and life losses annually. Thus, it is of vital importance to clarify the heterogeneities of various factors in traffic violation severities. This study quantifies the heterogeneities across different clusters. It selects 15 potential factors from six perspectives based on 40,161 police-reported traffic violations at intersections. An unsupervised learning algorithm combining latent class clustering analysis and partial proportional odds model, as well as marginal effects, is applied to clarify the differences. Four clusters are identified as the optimal based on the Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), sample-sized adjusted BIC, and entropy-based approach. The results evidenced that the top five influential factors in traffic violations at intersections were legs of entrance, driver age, road type, area type, and signal control. Their maximum absolute values of their marginal effects were more than 35%. Furthermore, there were great heterogeneities across the clusters, especially between cluster 2 and cluster 3. Findings could provide some insightful information to prioritize effective countermeasures to mitigate the losses of traffic violations and improve road safety.
Lack of association between leptin concentrations and cystic fibrosis: A meta-analysis and regression

Background Leptin (LEP) acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to assess the quantitative difference in leptin status between CF patients and non-CF controls. Methods In this study, the researchers conducted systematic searches of various databases, such as PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The data collected from the above databases were assessed using the Stata 11.0 and R 4.1. 3 software. The correlation coefficients and the Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) were employed to assess the effect size. A combination analysis was also carried out with the help of either a fixed-effects or random-effects model. In addition, the single-cell sequencing GSE193782 dataset was obtained to determine the mRNA expression levels of LEP and leptin receptor (LEPR) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, to verify the different leptin expression between the CF patients and healthy controls. Results A total of 919 CF patients and 397 controls from 14 articles were included in this study. CF patients and non-CF controls showed similar serum/plasma leptin levels. Gender, specimen testing, age, and study design were all taken into account for carrying out subgroup analyses. The results revealed no variations in serum/plasma leptin levels between the controls and CF patients in the various subgroups. Female CF patients exhibited higher leptin concentrations compared to male CF patients, and male healthy individuals showed lower leptin levels than female healthy participants. Aside from the fact that serum/plasma leptin appeared to be favorably linked to fat mass and BMI, the findings in this study also indicated that serum/plasma concentrations were not associated with Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1). No statistically significant differences were observed in the leptin and leptin receptor mRNA expression levels between the healthy controls and CF patients. The leptin receptor and leptin expression levels in alveolar lavage fluid were low in various cells, without any distinctive distribution patterns. Conclusions The current meta-analysis indicated the absence of significant differences in leptin levels between CF patients and healthy individuals. Gender, fat mass, and BMI may all be correlated with leptin concentrations. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022380118.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication at Admission and at Discharge: A Geriatric Study in an Internal Medicine Service in Portugal

Aging is associated with an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and polypharmacy, and with the prescription of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This study aimed to analyze the variation in PIMs from hospital admission to discharge. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on inpatients of an internal medicine service. According to the Beers criteria, 80.7% of the patients had been prescribed at least one PIM at admission and 87.2% at discharge; metoclopramide was the most-prescribed PIM from admission to discharge, and acetylsalicylic acid was the most-deprescribed one. According to the STOPP criteria, 49.4% of patients had been prescribed at least one PIM at admission and 62.2% at discharge; quetiapine was the most-prescribed PIM from admission to discharge, and captopril was the most-deprescribed one. According to the EU(7)-PIM list, 51.3% of patients had been prescribed at least one PIM at admission and 70.3% at discharge, and bisacodyl was the most-prescribed PIM from admission to discharge and propranolol the most-deprescribed one. It was found that the number of PIMs at discharge was higher than at admission, suggesting the need to develop a guide with adapted criteria to be applied in an internal medicine service.
“Do Your Homework as Your Heart Takes over When You Go Looking”: Factors Associated with Pre-Acquisition Information-Seeking among Prospective UK Dog Owners

Simple Summary Dogs are the most common pet animal species in the UK, with many households acquiring dogs every year. However, little is known about whether prospective owners undertake research prior to acquiring a dog and what factors may affect the likelihood of doing so. This paper reports findings from a mixed methods study into dog acquisition in the UK. We found that almost half of existing owners did not look for information or advice before getting their most recently acquired dog, and that those with previous dog ownership experience were less likely to do so than first-time owners. Younger prospective owners were more likely to have undertaken pre-acquisition research, as were those with formal education qualifications. Findings may be of interest to those who provide advice related to dog acquisition and dog ownership, in order to encourage more prospective owners towards effective pre-acquisition research. Abstract The factors influencing why and how people decide to acquire a dog are not well understood and little is known about the extent to which prospective owners undertake preparatory research. This study aimed to better understand what factors influence whether prospective dog owners in the UK conduct preparatory research. A 2019 online survey of current (n = 8050) and potential (n = 2884) dog owners collected quantitative and qualitative data. Additional qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with current (n = 166) and potential (n = 10) dog owners. Of the current owners surveyed, 54% stated that they had looked for advice or information prior to acquiring their dog. Of potential owners, 68% reported already having looked for information, while a further 14% were planning to undertake research prior to acquiring a dog. Those with previous dog ownership experience were less likely to undertake pre-acquisition research, as were those who had worked with dogs. Demographic factors were also associated with the likelihood of conducting pre-acquisition research, with younger prospective owners being more likely to have undertaken research, as well as those with formal education qualifications. Among current owners, pre-acquisition research was more likely among those who acquired their dog through a breeder; a specific breed or a mix of two breeds; or as a puppy. Qualitative data were consistent with and added additional understanding and context to these findings. Almost half of current owners did not conduct pre-acquisition research, highlighting the need for increased awareness of its importance and the development of targeted interventions to encourage this activity. Understanding the different factors that influence whether dog owners undertake research may be of interest to animal welfare and veterinary organisations, in order to inform interventions to better prepare people for dog acquisition.
Genome size variation and polyploidy prevalence in the genus Eragrostis are associated with the global dispersal in arid area

Background Biologists have long debated the drivers of the genome size evolution and variation ever since Darwin. Assumptions for the adaptive or maladaptive consequences of the associations between genome sizes and environmental factors have been proposed, but the significance of these hypotheses remains controversial. Eragrostis is a large genus in the grass family and is often used as crop or forage during the dry seasons. The wide range and complex ploidy levels make Eragrostis an excellent model for investigating how the genome size variation and evolution is associated with environmental factors and how these changes can ben interpreted. Methods We reconstructed the Eragrostis phylogeny and estimated genome sizes through flow cytometric analyses. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were performed to explore how genome size variation and evolution is related to their climatic niches and geographical ranges. The genome size evolution and environmental factors were examined using different models to study the phylogenetic signal, mode and tempo throughout evolutionary history. Results Our results support the monophyly of Eragrostis. The genome sizes in Eragrostis ranged from ~0.66 pg to ~3.80 pg. We found that a moderate phylogenetic conservatism existed in terms of the genome sizes but was absent from environmental factors. In addition, phylogeny-based associations revealed close correlations between genome sizes and precipitation-related variables, indicating that the genome size variation mainly caused by polyploidization may have evolved as an adaptation to various environments in the genus Eragrostis. Conclusion This is the first study to take a global perspective on the genome size variation and evolution in the genus Eragrostis. Our results suggest that the adaptation and conservatism are manifested in the genome size variation, allowing the arid species of Eragrostis to spread the xeric area throughout the world.
Scintillation properties of RbGd2Br7:Ce. Advantages and limitations

The scintillation properties of RbGd2Br7 crystals, doped with Ce concentrations of 0.02, 0.11, 0.88, 2.05, 4.1, and 9.8%, are studied under X-ray and -quanta excitations. For the RbGd2Br7 sample doped with 9.8% Ce, the authors measured a light yield of 56 000 6000 photons per MeV of absorbed -ray energy with a main decay time of 43 1 ns, using a Hamamatsu R1791 photomultipler (PMT), a Cs radioactive source, and a shaping time of 10 s. A time resolution of 790 10 ps was measured for the RbGd2Br7 : 9.8% Ce compound, using Baf2 as second scintillator, two XP2020Q PMT’s, a Na source, and an energy threshold set at E 511 keV. With the R1791 PMT, an energy resolution of 4.1% (FWHM over peak position) for the 662-keV full absorption peak has been observed for two crystals of 7 4 2 mm and 15 5 1 mm with 4.1 and 9.8% Ce content, respectively. Moreover, the nonproportional responses of three RbGd2Br7:Ce compounds with different concentrations (0.11, 2.05, and 9.8%) were studied revealing an almost-constant light output response from 17.4 keV to 1 MeV. These properties are compared to three other well-known scintillators: NaI:Tl, CsI:Tl, and Lu2SiO5:Ce.
APAKAH ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ORGANISASI BIDANG JASA DIPENGARUHI SERVANT-LEADERSHIP DAN TRUST-IN-LEADERSHIP?

Organization Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) merupakan salah satu faktor pendorong terciptanya organisasi yang efektif. OCB dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal salah satunya adalah kepemimpinan. Servant leadership merupakan salah satu gaya kepemimpinan yang dapat merangsang penerapan organizational citizenship behavior (Haider et al., 2015). Faktor lain yang dapat merangsang timbulnya OCB adalah Trust in leadership. Vondey (2010) menyatakan agar perilaku ekstra peran atau OCB para anggota organisasi dapat ditunjukkan dengan baik, maka keefektifan peran seorang pemimpin sangat diperlukan melalui Trust in leadership. Sekolah Klasikal Terang Nusantara (SETARA) merupakan sekolah yang berdiri atas keinginan dasar para pemimpinnya untuk melayani dan menjadi berkat (Kristanti, 2018). Didirikan pada tahun 2014, Sekolah Klasikal Terang Nusantara terus mengalami perkembangan pesat dalam jumlah murid yang mendaftar dalam rentang waktu 4 tahun. Di sisi lain, jumlah karyawan juga meningkat signifikan dan 98% orang tua murid menilai kinerja guru sudah memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh antara Servant leadership dan Trust in leadership terhadap Organization Citizenship Behavior. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan di Sekolah Klasikal Terang Nusantara yang berjumlah 36 orang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah causal explanatory. Hasil pengujian menemukan bahwa servant leadership berpengaruh positif terhadap OCB, namun Trust in leadership tidak berpengaruh terhadap OCB.
68. Polarization of solar radio bursts

The polarization observation of solar radio emission at 200 Mc. /s. was started in December 1954 at the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory with a new type of radio polarimeter[1, 2]. With a pair of crossed dipoles at the focus of a 10 metre paraboloid of equatorial mounting, it gives almost simultaneously six components of polarization, two circular and four linear, on a time-sharing basis by using electronic switching. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the circuit and the combination of modulators and demodulators. 6AS6 pentodes are used as the time modulators. The duration of each gate pulse is 1/1600 sec. and one set of observations is obtained in 1/200 sec. One of the principal features of the present scheme is to use a common receiving system for all the components in order to avoid inevitable errors due to differences or changes in the gain and in the central frequencies of different receivers. A new type of square-law detector is employed in the present system [3]. It has rapid response time and excellent stability.
EFL Students’ Perception on E-Learning in Post-Pandemic: Assessment, Learning Outcome, Evaluation & Problem Faced

Online learning has been experienced by students worldwide with benefits and challenges. Even though previous research has been done on the unreadiness of teachers and students, their lack of technological skills, and their lack of autonomy in carrying online learning, more is needed to know about the washback effect of online learning from the perspective of learners. Thus, this research investigates students' assessment, learning outcomes, evaluation, and problems faced. This study described the English Language Education students’ view of the independent assessment, learning outcome, and evaluation of English online learning from the perspective of English Language Education students. The researchers employed a descriptive quantitative approach and a survey method to collect the data. This study included 100 participants using a purposive sampling technique. For data collection, the researchers employed a questionnaire with 33 questions sent via Google Forms and disseminated to WhatsApp groups and an interview. The data were then coded and tabulated using percentage-based basis values. The findings of this study indicated that, first, students' attitudes regarding the independent assessment of e-learning assessment were 85% showing a favorable result. In the meantime, certain lecturers' respondents needed to provide more feedback and were absent from certain lecturers during learning. Second, the student's view of the learning outcome of using e-learning was positive (68%) because the online meeting coincided with the learning process. Third, the students' perspectives on the evaluation of using e-learning fall under the category of the fair. (65%) During the pandemic, poverty has hindered students' access to and involvement in learning. Those who come from economically disadvantaged families cannot provide appropriate resources for online learning. Long-term lack of infrastructure and access will jeopardize educational achievements.
Regional Heterogeneity in the Individual Unemployment Vulnerability After COVID-19 Outset

The COVID-19 crisis increased unemployment all over the World, with significant regional heterogeneity. This paper intends to analyze this territorial heterogeneity for the Portuguese case and investigate which regional factors complement personal and job characteristics in explaining individual vulnerability to COVID-19 unemployment. By considering personal, job and regional dimensions, we extended the literature and provided a more comprehensive understanding of this new phenomenon in the immediate and medium-term. Furthermore, this knowledge is essential to support policy suggestions for quick and effective action in preventing job losses in the current and future crises. Detailed information on all individuals that lost their jobs in Portugal 1 year after (and before) the COVID-19 outset was used to estimate three logit models that compare the odds of losing a job after and during the pandemic. Significant territorial heterogeneity of the COVID-19 impact on unemployment is obtained. Along with personal and job characteristics, we conclude that regional characteristics are essential for explaining individual vulnerabilities. In particular, workers are more prompted to lose their jobs if they live in regions with higher population densities, lower pre-crisis unemployment, and more dependable international flow. Conversely, individual and regional human capital investment contributes to protecting employment, revealing the existence of external effects.
Emotional dissonance and burnout among child welfare workers: The moderating role of social support from colleagues, supervisors, and organization

Summary Occupational burnout has significant costs for individuals, employers, and the society. Knowledge about risk and protective factors is therefore highly important. This study examined emotional dissonance as a risk factor and colleague, supervisor, and organizational support as protective factors regarding burnout among child welfare workers. It was expected that emotional dissonance would be positively related to burnout, and that social support would attenuate the magnitude of the association. Based on the Psychosocial safety climate model, it was also suggested that organizational support would be negatively associated with levels of emotional dissonance and thereby also burnout. Findings The study was based on a cross-sectional probability sample of employees working in the child welfare service in Oslo municipality, Norway (N = 678). Emotional dissonance was positively related to burnout. In contrast to expectations, the interaction analyses showed a reverse buffering effect where the examined sources of social support intensified the association between emotional dissonance and burnout. Organizational support had an indirect association with burnout through emotional dissonance. Applications While the cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow for any conclusions about causal effects, the findings indicate that other stress-buffering job resources than social support are more beneficial in efforts focusing on reducing the detrimental impact of emotional demands in child welfare work. However, more knowledge concerning the actual effectiveness of receiving support is necessary to draw more definite conclusions.
On a generalisation of a result of Ramanujan connected with the exponential series

One of the many interesting problems discussed by Ramanujan is an approximation related to the exponential series for en, when n assumes large positive integer values. If the number θn is defined by Ramanujan (9) showed that when n is large, θn possesses the asymptotic expansion The first demonstrations that θn lies between ½ and and that θn decreases monotoni-cally to the value as n increases, were given by Szegö (12) and Watson (13). Analogous results were shown to exist for the function e−n, for positive integer values of n, by Copson (4). If φn is defined by then πn lies between 1 and ½ and tends monotonically to the value ½ as n increases, with the asymptotic expansion A generalisation of these results was considered by Buckholtz (2) who defined, in a slightly different notation, for complex z and positive integer n, the function φn(z) by
A R EVIEW OF THE USE OF R P PROGRAMMING FOR D ATA S CIENCE R ESEARCH IN B OTSWANA

A BSTRACT R is widely used by researchers in the statistics field and academia. In Botswana, it is used in a few research for data analysis. The paper aims to synthesis research conducted in Botswana that has used R programming for data analysis and to demonstrate to data scientists, the R community in Botswana and internationally the gaps and applications in practice in research work using R in the context of Botswana. The paper followed the PRISMA methodology and the articles were taken from information technology databases. The findings show that research conducted in Botswana that use R programming were used in Health Care, Climatology, Conservation and Physical Geography, with R part as the most used R package across the research areas. It was also found that a lot of R packages are used in Health care for genomics, plotting, networking and classification was the common model used across research areas.