Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles of Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptors in Working Memory Function

Dopamine has been implicated in the modulation of working memory via its interactions with circuits located in the prefrontal cortex of rodents and non-human primates. However, the role that pathways triggered by dopamine receptor subtypes play in affecting processes of working memory remains unclear. In humans, the evidence for dopaminergic modulation of working memory is controversial and the neurological substrates for dopamine’s modulatory effects are not fully understood. This paper will review the major animal and human studies that implicate synaptic dopaminergic transmission in working memory function and will outline a new framework to clarify the specific contribution of dopamine D2 receptors to the performance of this cognitive function. Specifically, it is proposed that activation of hippocampal dopamine D2 receptors by chemical agonists could result in the enhancement of spatial working memory.
The Effect of Nutrition Education Using MyPlate on Lipid Profiles, Glycemic Indices, and Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Patients

As a result of a nutrition transition, chronic diseases, including diabetes, have increased in Iran. Nutrition education is a cost-effective method for modifying diet and controlling diabetes. This study aimed to examine the effect of nutrition education using MyPlate recommendations on glycemic and lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in Iranian adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. A 12-week randomized clinical trial was conducted on 44 adults aged 30–50 years from Ahvaz, Iran. The participants were divided into education and control groups. The education participants were taught the MyPlate recommendations. Serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α, and adiponectin, were measured at the baseline and the end of the study. The results showed that serum levels of FBS (p = 0.014) and HbA1c (p < 0.001) decreased significantly in the education group at the end of the study. The serum level of low-density lipoprotein in the education group declined significantly at the end of the study (p = 0.043). Furthermore, the serum level of hs-CRP (p = 0.005) declined significantly while the level of adiponectin (p = 0.035) increased in the education group at the end of the study. The evidence of this study showed that nutrition education using MyPlate recommendations is an effective method for controlling diabetes complications. A longitudinal analysis with a larger sample size is recommended to confirm the evidence of this study. Trial Registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier: IRCT2015031921443N2
Estimation of Trapping Induced Dynamic Reduction in 2DEG Density of GaN-Based HEMTs by Gate-Lag DCT Technique

We derived a simplified analytical expression to estimate the dynamic reduction in the 2DEG density due to the buffer trapping (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). To compute <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, gate-lag drain current transient (DCT) measurements are carried out at a fixed temperature for different <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{GS}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> points. The dynamic decrease in the 2DEG due to the Fe-related trap at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-0.5 eV is found to be ~<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.4\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula><sup>11</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> in AlGaN/GaN HEMT; thus, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is an essential quantity to evaluate the current collapse effects in HEMT. The validity of the expression is further demonstrated in the C-doped HEMTs. The calculated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the trap at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-0.14 eV is about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula><sup>12</sup> cm<sup>−0</sup> in InAlN/GaN HEMT with C-doped buffer, and the calculated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for the trap at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${E}_{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-0.33 eV is ~<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.2\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula><sup>13</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> in AlN/GaN HEMT with C-doped buffer. These values reveal that current collapse effects are more pronounced in the C-doped HEMTs than the Fe-doped HEMTs. Thus, this work is an important first step before further improvements in the model for computing buffer trap concentration.
Cognitive and Academic Outcomes of Fundamental Motor Skill and Physical Activity Interventions Designed for Children with Special Educational Needs: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aimed to investigate the methodological quality and the effects of fundamental motor skills and physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic skills in 3- to 7-year-old children with special educational needs. The review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) statement. A literature search was carried out in April 2020 (updated in January 2022) using seven electronic databases, including ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool. Cohen’s d effect sizes and post-hoc power analyses were conducted for the included studies. Altogether 22 studies (1883 children) met the inclusion criteria, representing children at-risk for learning difficulties, due to family background (nstudies = 8), children with learning difficulties (nstudies = 7), learning disabilities (nstudies = 5), and physical disabilities (nstudies = 2). Two of the included 22 studies displayed strong, one moderate, and 19 studies weak methodological quality. The intervention effects appeared to be somewhat dependent on the severity of the learning difficulty; in cognitive and language skills, the effects were largest in children at-risk due to family background, whereas in executive functions the effects were largest in children with learning disabilities. However, due to the vast heterogeneity of the included studies, and a rather low methodological quality, it is challenging to summarize the findings in a generalizable manner. Thus, additional high-quality research is required to determine the effectiveness of the interventions.
Nitrogen fertilization weakens the linkage between soil carbon and microbial diversity: A global meta‐analysis

Soil microbes make up a significant portion of the genetic diversity and play a critical role in belowground carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial diversity and organic C are often tightly coupled in C cycling processes; however, this coupling can be weakened or broken by rapid global change. A global meta‐analysis was performed with 1148 paired comparisons extracted from 229 articles published between January 1998 and December 2021 to determine how nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the relationship between soil C content and microbial diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that N fertilization decreased soil bacterial (−11%) and fungal diversity (−17%), but increased soil organic C (SOC) (+19%), microbial biomass C (MBC) (+17%), and dissolved organic C (DOC) (+25%) across different ecosystems. Organic N (urea) fertilization had a greater effect on SOC, MBC, DOC, and bacterial and fungal diversity than inorganic N fertilization. Most importantly, soil microbial diversity decreased with increasing SOC, MBC, and DOC, and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients decreased with increasing N fertilization rate and duration, suggesting that N fertilization weakened the linkage between soil C and microbial diversity. The weakened linkage might negatively impact essential ecosystem services under high rates of N fertilization; this understanding is important for mitigating the negative impact of global N enrichment on soil C cycling.
Correlations between Intestinal Microbiota and Clinical Characteristics in Colorectal Adenoma/Carcinoma

Background Most of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are sporadic and develop along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is involved in the development of colorectal cancer. However, there are still no absolute markers predicting the progression from adenoma to carcinoma. Aims To investigate the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients and the correlations with clinical characteristics. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 154 colorectal carcinoma patients (CRC group), 20 colorectal adenoma patients (AD group), and 199 healthy controls (control group). The intestinal microbiota was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Compared to the healthy controls, microbial diversity was dramatically decreased in AD/CRC. At the genus level, Acidaminococcus significantly decreased with the order of control-AD-CRC (P < 0.05). Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Butyricimonas, Alistipes, and Odoribacter were the key genera in the network of colorectal adenoma/carcinoma-associated bacteria. Combination of the top 10 most important species, including Butyricimonas synergistica, Agrobacterium larrymoorei, Bacteroides plebeius, Lachnospiraceae bacterium feline oral taxon 001, Clostridium scindens, Prevotella heparinolytica, bacterium LD2013, Streptococcus mutans, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 19gly4, and Eubacterium hallii, showed the best performance in distinguishing AD patients from CRC (AUC = 85.54%, 95% CI: 78.83%-92.25%). The clinicopathologic features, including age, sex, tumor location, differentiation degree, and TNM stage, were identified to be closely linked to the intestinal microbiome in CRC. Conclusion Several intestinal bacteria changed along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and might be the potential markers for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma/carcinoma. Intestinal microbiota characteristics in CRC should account for the host factors.
Testing for Stochastic Trends in Series with Structural Breaks

This paper considers the problem of testing for the presence of stochastic trends in multivariate time series with structural breaks. The breakpoints are assumed to be known. The testing framework is the multivariate Locally Best Invariant test and the common trend test of Nyblom and Harvey (2000). The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are derived under a general specification of the deterministic component, which allows for structural breaks as a particular case. Asymptotic critical values are provided for the case of a single breakpoint. A modified statistic is then proposed, the asymptotic distribution of which is independent of the breakpoint location and belongs to the Crami? ½r-von Mises family. This modification is particularly advantageous in the case of multiple breakpoints. It is also shown that the asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are unchanged when seasonal dummy variables and/or weakly dependent exogenous regressors are included. Finally, as an example, the tests are applied to UK macroeconomic data and to data on road casualties in Great Britain.
Looseness Identification of Track Fasteners Based on Ultra-Weak FBG Sensing Technology and Convolutional Autoencoder Network

Changes in the geological environment and track wear, and deterioration of train bogies may lead to the looseness of subway fasteners. Identifying loose fasteners randomly distributed along the subway line is of great significance to avoid train derailment. This paper presents a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) network-based method for identifying fastener loosening features from the distributed vibration responses of track beds detected by an ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing array. For an actual subway tunnel monitoring system, a field experiment used to collect the samples of fastener looseness was designed and implemented, where a crowbar was used to loosen or tighten three pairs of fasteners symmetrical on both sides of the track within the common track bed area and the moving load of a rail inspection vehicle was employed to generate 12 groups of distributed vibration signals of the track bed. The original vibration signals obtained from the on-site test were converted into two-dimensional images through the pseudo-Hilbert scan to facilitate the proposed two-stage CAE network with acceptable capabilities in feature extraction and recognition. The performance of the proposed methodology was quantified by accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, and displayed intuitively by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). The raster scan and the Hilbert scan were selected to compare with the pseudo-Hilbert scan under a similar CAE network architecture. The identification performance results represented by the four quantification indicators (accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score) based on the scan strategy in this paper were at least 23.8%, 9.5%, 20.0%, and 21.1% higher than those of the two common scan methods. As well as that, the clustering visualization by t-SNE further verified that the proposed approach had a stronger ability in distinguishing the feature of fastener looseness.
Autophagy: Guardian of Skin Barrier

Autophagy is a major degradation pathway that removes harmful intracellular substances to maintain homeostasis. Various stressors, such as starvation and oxidative stress, upregulate autophagy, and the dysregulation of autophagy is associated with various human diseases, including cancer and skin diseases. The skin is the first defense barrier against external environmental hazards such as invading pathogens, ultraviolet rays, chemical toxins, and heat. Although the skin is exposed to various stressors that can activate autophagy, the roles of autophagy in the skin have not yet been fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy is closely associated with pathogenesis and the treatment of immune-related skin diseases. In this study, we review how autophagy interacts with skin cells, including keratinocytes and immune cells, enabling them to successfully perform their protective functions by eliminating pathogens and maintaining skin homeostasis. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of autophagy in immune-related skin diseases, such as alopecia areata, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, and suggest that a combination of autophagy modulators with conventional therapies may be a better strategy for the treatment of these diseases.
Role of Core Planar Cell Polarity Vangl2 Gene in the Renal Tubule Development in Mice

Background: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common kidney disease that affects the development and maintenance of renal tubules, leads to cyst formation, and often progresses to end-stage kidney disease. It has been postulated that defective planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling contributes to initiation of cyst formation in PKD via controlling both convergent extension (CE, a process of directional cell movements) and oriented cell division (OCD, a process of directional cell divisions during tubular elongation post-natally). Indeed, mutations of the key PCP gene, Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2), lead to abnormal renal tubules in murine embryonic kidneys, correlating with the original postulate. Methods: In order to further understand the influence of the Vangl2 gene on renal morphogenesis and cystogenesis, control and Vangl2 mutant embryos—as well as post-natal Vangl2 mice with conditional excision of the Vangl2 gene in renal collecting tubules—were generated, then analyzed using immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Our results show that Vangl2 plays a role in CE and apical constriction (AC) during embryonic stage of tubulogenesis. Compared to control animals, mutant Vangl2Δ/Δ and conditional Vangl2Δ/CD embryos displayed: i) a significant dilation in the diameter of renal tubules seen as an increased tubule cross-section area and a larger number of cells per cross-section; and ii) changes in cell shape indicative of defective AC. Surprisingly, post-natal mice showed virtually no difference in any of these aspects comparing to control mice, suggesting that other pathways may compensate for the lack of PCP signaling in maintenance of the tubule architecture. Limitations: a) The analysis of the renal tubules at the specific time points does not account for the dynamics of tubular movement and growth in real time; b) a mechanistic and morphological distinction between mice and humans may exist in the renal collecting duct tubules, pertaining to the Vangl2 gene’s influence in the PCP pathway; and c) the degree of mosaicism resulting from the gene excision by Cre-recombinase may correlate with the severity of the phenotype. Conclusion: We conclude that the PCP pathway is required for normal tubule development during embryogenesis. Our results, however, indicate that the cystogenesis seen in PKD postnatally may not be directly attributed to the disrupted PCP signaling, and requires the derangement of additional pathways.
Students’ Responses on The Use of Google Classroom for English Lesson in Multimedia Program Grade 11 of SMKN 10 Malang

Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the students’ responses on the use of Google Classroom as the online learning media on English lessons in Vocational high school using a mixed method to collect data from 11th grade students of the Multimedia Program at SMKN 10 Malang. The result of this study showed that the students’ responses on the use of Google Classroom in English lessons was positive, and it indicates that Google Classroom is suitable and useful on English lesson but with some limitations: (1) speaking and listening activities was quite hard to do and (2) engaging classroom interaction was quite difficult. The implication is that Google Classroom can be used in English lessons as long as the teachers design the lesson properly, give clear instructions, and make a good environment for the class. Keywords: students’ responses, Google Classroom, learning media Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap Google Classroom sebagai media pembelajaran online dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan menggunakan metode campuran untuk mengumpulkan data dari siswa kelas 11 Jurusan Multimedia di SMKN 10 Malang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa merasa bahwa penggunaan Google Classroom bermanfaat dan cocok untuk pelajaran bahasa Inggris dengan beberapa batasan: (1) beberapa siswa menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran speaking dan listening melalui Google Classroom cukup sulit dan (2) interaksi kelas yang aktif cukup sulit untuk diwujudkan. Implikasinya adalah Google Classroom dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris selama guru dapat merancang pembelajaran dengan baik, memberikan instruksi yang jelas, dan membuat lingkungan yang baik. Kata kunci: respon siswa, Google Classroom, media pembelajaran
Niacin Improves Intestinal Health through Up-Regulation of AQPs Expression Induced by GPR109A

(1) Background: Changes in the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the intestine are proved to be associated with the attenuation of diarrhea. Diarrhea is a severe problem for postweaning piglets. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether niacin could alleviate diarrhea in weaned piglets by regulating AQPs expression and the underlying mechanisms; (2) Methods: 72 weaned piglets (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 21 d old, 6.60 ± 0.05 kg) were randomly allotted into 3 groups for a 14-day feeding trial. Each treatment group included 6 replicate pens and each pen included 4 barrows (n = 24/treatment). Piglets were fed a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplemented with 20.4 mg niacin/kg diet (NA) or the basal diet administered an antagonist for the GPR109A receptor (MPN). Additionally, an established porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) was used to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of niacin on AQPs expression after Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88) treatment; (3) Results: Piglets fed niacin-supplemented diet had significantly decreased diarrhea rate, and increased mRNA and protein level of ZO-1, AQP 1 and AQP 3 in the colon compared with those administered a fed diet supplemented with an antagonist (p < 0.05). In addition, ETEC K88 treatment significantly reduced the cell viability, cell migration, and mRNA and protein expression of AQP1, AQP3, AQP7, AQP9, AQP11, and GPR109A in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). However, supplementation with niacin significantly prevented the ETEC K88-induced decline in the cell viability, cell migration, and the expression level of AQPs mRNA and protein in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, siRNA GPR109A knockdown significantly abrogated the protective effect of niacin on ETEC K88-induced cell damage (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: Niacin supplementation increased AQPs and ZO-1 expression to reduce diarrhea and intestinal damage through GPR109A pathway in weaned piglets.
Salinicoccus hispanicus (OL638305), a potential probiotic isolated from Saline Tilapia Greenwater, exhibits Vibrio parahaemolyticus killing activity and prevents acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Penaeus vannamei

The present study investigates the probiotic potential and inhibitory activity of Salinicoccus hispanicus, isolated from saline tilapia culture water, against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Results showed that the isolate is not pathogenic to Penaeus vannamei when administered orally at a dose of 106 cfu g-1 diet. Dietary supplementation for 45 days did not affect growth, reduced the gut content of V. parahaemolyticus to about five-folds and protected the shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection following a pathogen challenge test. Supplementation of S. hispanicus at 106 cfu g-1 diet can inhibit V. parahaemolyticus gut colonization and protects P. vannamei against this pathogen.
Introduction to Symplectic Topology

Introduction I. FOUNDATIONS 1. From classical to modern 2. Linear symplectic geometry 3. Symplectic manifolds 4. Almost complex structures II. SYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS 5. Symplectic group actions 6. Symplectic fibrations 7. Constructing symplectic manifolds III. SYMPLECTOMORPHISMS 8. Area-preserving diffeomorphisms 9. Generating functions 10. The group of symplectomorphisms IV. SYMPLECTIC INVARIANTS 11. The Arnold conjecture 12. Symplectic capacities 13. New directions