Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Race Mismatch through Differences in Race Reports of Fathers in the Fragile Families Survey

The racial composition of couples is a salient indicator of race’s impact on mate selection, but how well do those in intimate partnerships know the racial identities of their partners? While prior research has revealed that an individual’s race may be perceived differently than how they identify, most of what is known comes frombrief interactions, with less information on established relationships. This study examines whether discrepancies in the reports of a person’s race or ethnicity can be identified even within intimate relationships, as well as which relational, social, and attitudinal factors are predictive of divergent or concordant reports. We draw on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=3467), a U.S.-based dataset that uniquely provides both the father’s self-reported race and Hispanic origin and the mother’s report of the father’s race and ethnicity. We compare reports of the father’s race/Hispanic origin from both parents to assess the extent of mismatch, and we distinguish between whether mothers view the father’s race as similar to or different from her own. We find roughly 14% of mothers provide a race and Hispanic origin that is inconsistent with the father’s report, with a large share reflecting differences in the self-identified and perceived race of fathers who are reported as Hispanic. Among mismatched reports, mothers are more likely to report a race/ethnicity for the father that matches her own, depressing the number reporting interracial unions. Perceptions of racial homogamy are especially likely when mothers view racial sameness as important to marriage. Further, mismatches are more common in the midst of weak relational ties (i.e. non-marital relationships) and are less common when both parents Du Bois Review. 18:2 (2021) 365–392. © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hutchins Center for African and African American Research doi:10.1017/S1742058X21000084
STATE OF THE ART

Over the period of mass criminalization, social scientists have developed rigorous theories concerning the perspectives and struggles of people and communities subject to criminal legal control. While this scholarship has long noted differences across racial groups, it has yet to fully examine how racism and criminalization interrelate in the making of criminalized people’s perspectives and their visions for transforming the legal system. This article engages with Du Boisian sociology to advance a theory of subjectivity that is attuned to the way criminalization reproduces the subjective racial order and that aims to uncover subaltern strategies and visions for transforming the structure of the law and broader society. Through a critical review of interpretive scholarship across the social sciences and an original analysis of interviews with a diverse sample of criminal defendants conducted in the early years of the Black Lives Matter movement, I illustrate how a Du Boisian approach coheres existing theories of criminalized subjectivities, clarifies the place of White supremacy and racism, and provides a theory of legal change rooted in ordinary people’s experiences and needs. I introduce the concept of legal envisioning, defined as a social process whereby criminalized people and communities imagine and build alternative futures within and beyond the current legal system. Du Boisian sociology, I conclude, provides the methodological and theoretical tools necessary to systematically assess legal envisioning’s content and to explain its contradictions, solidarities, and possibilities in overlooked yet potentially emancipatory ways.
Parameter-Analyse des menschlichen Ganges

Durch den Einsatz von Computern ist es heute möglich, on-line komplexe Informationen aus registrierten (digitalisierten) Gangsignalen zu erhalten (2) . Wir benützen für unsere Untersuchungen eine KistlerMehrkomponentenMessplattform, welche die resultierenden Kräfte während der Standphase in allen drei Raumrichtungen mittels vier 3-d PiezoKraftaufnehmern in acht analoge elektrische Signale umwandelt. Diese Signale werden einem in einem vom Ganglabor getrennten Raum untergebrachten Computer PDP11/34 mit LPS (Laboratory Peripheral System) zugeführt ( l ) , wo sie mit einer Sampling Rate von 200 Hz, dh alle 5 msec, digitalisiert und gespeichert werden. Daraus lassen sich die resultierenden Kräfte (vierdimensional) sowie das freie Drehmoment M und die jeweiligen Kraftangriffskoordinaten auf der Messplattform berechnend).
Impact of Mixed Fillers on the Physico-mechanical Properties of Flexible Polyether Foam

The effect of proportional blend of periwinkle and African star apple seed shell as bio-fillers in flexible polyether foam was studied. Flexible polyether foam samples incorporated with these bio-fillers at varying percentages; 10% (S1), 20% (S2), 30% (S3), 40% (S4) and 50% (S5) were produced respectively, while 0% (S0) which had no filler was used as control during the experiment. The mechanical properties of the produced foam samples were determined via density, compression set, indentation hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break tests. The cream time, rise time and height of the foam as parameters for characterising the produced foam samples were determined too. Flammability test was also carried out.The microstructure of the foam samples was analysed as well by using the scanning electron microscope. The results of the experiment showed that the density of the foam samples progressively increased from 19.20 (S0) – 26.45 (S5) as the quantity of the filler increased. The indentation hardness result also showed an increase on addition of the filler. The foam’s loading ability also increased on incorporation of the filler but S3 showed remarkable recovery after compression. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the foam decreased on addition of the filler. The morphological analysis ascertained the effect of the progressive introduction of the filler on the surface morphology of the foam. The flammability of the foam was found to decrease as the filler load increased. Since these fillers are of organic origin, readily available, cheap and eco-friendly, they provide a means of making biodegradable foam, and reducing the flammability of foam. Thus, reducing environmental pollution whilst enhancing the mechanical property of foam.
Accuracy-Aware Compression of Channel Impulse Responses using Deep Learning

Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems based on Channel State Information (CSI) estimate the position of mobile nodes within an environment by using Channel Impulse Responses (CIRs) of multiple stationary nodes. These contain spatial information caused by environment interactions such as reflections and scattering. To estimate positions from CSI of stationary nodes, we must transmit them to a centralized node. This introduces considerable communication overhead.We present a large-scale study to determine whether CSI can be compressed into a small set of underlying latent variables that describe the most valuable information. We evaluate multiple neural network architectures containing encoding (compressing) and decoding (reconstructing) components and compare them to the state-of-the-art compression techniques Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). We show that fully connected autoencoders achieve the lowest error, outperforming both DCT and DWT. Further experiments prove that the reconstructed CSI can be used for positioning with only mild performance deterioration at a compression of >97% and even when trained on a different environment.
DIFFÉRENCE D’ÉVALUATION DU NIVEAU DE PASSION ET D’ÉPUISEMENT PROFESSIONNELS ENTRE UN MÉDECIN-TUTEUR ET SON/SA STAGIAIRE DIFFERENCE IN ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL PASSION AND EXHAUSTION BETWEEN A MENTOR AND HIS/HER MENTEE

Literature informs us of a high rate of burnout and exhaustion among health practitioners. This raises the question of the state of well-being in which the mentors who welcome our traineeship students find themselves. After 3 weeks of traineeship, we asked to 254 students and their general practitioner (GP) mentors to rate the mentor's professional passion and exhaustion. Paired sample t-tests revealed significant differences in the assessments of students and mentors. Students overestimated the level of passion of their mentors for their profession and underestimated their level of exhaustion. These results suggest either that students have an idealized vision of their mentor, or that mentors tend to introduce themselves in a particularly passionate and enthusiastic way during these 3 weeks. This encourages further exploration of the potential benefits of mentoring and participating in an educational program for general practitioners.
Comparison of Chemical and Mechanical Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Non-surgical Mechanically Ventilated Patients

To compare the efficacy of mechanical and chemical prophylaxis in non-surgically mechanically ventilated patients in terms of reduction in mortality and length of hospital stay. A total of 200 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) were recruited retrospectively. Half participants received mechanical prophylaxis and half received chemical prophylaxis. Patients with medical diseases with age 18 years or above, both genders, Pakistani nationals, receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours or receiving subcutaneous low molecular weight (LMW) heparin or subcutaneous unfractionated heparin were included. Cases who undergone surgery and were then admitted to ICU, those who received both mechanical and chemical therapies, and patients who received anticoagulant treatment before admission to ICU were excluded from the study. The patient’s age, gender, length of stay in ICU, and mortality were recorded in each group. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data and Student t-test for continuous variables. The mean age was 55.51±8.37 years. The males were 108(54%) and females were 92(46%). The mortality rate was higher in the mechanical prophylaxis group (49%) than chemical (31%) statistically significantly (P=0.014). Similarly, the length of hospital stay was also higher in the mechanical prophylaxis group (7.27±0.897 days) than chemical (6.67±1.045) statistically (P<0.001). Chemical prophylaxis can reduce mortality and length of hospital stay more effectively than mechanical prophylaxis in ICUs admitted patients.
Ethnocentrism, Theoretical Awareness, and Intellectual Resistance in University Students’ Reading Behaviour

This paper discusses the insightful and illuminating findings of teaching critical reading within the theoretical framework of critical pedagogy. More specifically, this paper examines the impact of a critical-reading course on students’ reading skills and beliefs about discourse production and interpretation. The course was conducted according to the principles of transformative participatory action research and, thus, a corpus of 50 essays, written by a convenience sample of 25 post-graduate students in the pre-test and post-test phases, was analyzed to examine the effect of the course on students’ reading-habits and their representations of different discourses. Pretest findings showed that most students used to think that discourses are innocent and ideology-free and that reading a text consists in understanding its general idea, extracting its writer’s viewpoint, making sense of its vocabulary, and paraphrasing it. As far as text’s function is concerned, most students used to believe that a text’s basic function is delivering information. In addition, most of them were unaware of the fact that a text has ideological and socio-political functions. Post-test findings revealed that students’ discourse awareness and reading habits have become more critical and developed at two levels: the worldview level and the meta-language level. The t-test statistics suggest that there is a significant difference of p˂. 001 between students’ reading scores before and after the intervention. Therefore, the null hypothesis which says that there is no significant difference between studying critical reading from a critical pedagogy perspective and studying it from a functional or conventional perspective is false.
Strength of Grout-Filled Damaged Tubular Members

A simple explicit analytical expression, amenable to hand calculation, is developed for estimating the ultimate capacity of grout‐filled damaged tubular members. The analysis is based on the simplifying assumptions that: (1) Full interaction exists between grout and the damaged tube; and (2) grout provides sufficient support to the tube wall in the damaged region to prevent premature local buckling. The load‐carrying capacity is then obtained on the basis of the reduced section using beam‐column analysis similar in form to that adopted in current design codes. The first yield collapse criterion has been adopted. Experimental work was previously conducted on 10 small‐scale specimens. They were tested with different damage conditions. It is shown that the proposed expression provides close lower‐bound estimates of the experimental results. A parametric study is performed to establish the relationship between various parameters and their effects on the ultimate strength of grout‐filled damaged tubes.
Tests and Design of Fixed-Ended Cold-Formed Steel Plain Angle Columns

This paper presents a series of tests on cold-formed steel plain (unstiffened) angle columns compressed between fixed ends. The test specimens were brake-pressed from high strength structural steel sheets. Tests were performed over a range of lengths such that column curves could be obtained. Geometric imperfections and material properties of the specimens were measured. The test strengths are compared with the design strengths calculated using the American Specification and Australian/New Zealand Standard for cold-formed steel structures. The required additional moment as specified in the Specification and Standard was not included in calculating the design strengths for slender and nonslender angle sections. It is shown that the design strengths predicted by the Specification and Standard are generally very conservative. Design equations for cold-formed steel plain angle columns are proposed, which are modified from the current design equations in the Specification and Standard. It is shown that the proposed design rules provide much more accurate results compared with the current design rules for both slender and nonslender fixed-ended angle sections. A reliability analysis was performed to assess the reliability of the current and proposed design rules.
Inelastic Behavior of X‐Bracing in Plane Frames

A numerical procedure for determining the hysteretic behavior of axially loaded, pin‐ended bracing members is outlined. The relationships between axial loads and deformations are computed recognizing the different states corresponding to appropriate load‐displacement conditions covering both buckling and yielding. Accurate numerical representation of the hysteretic response curve of bracing members is confirmed. By incorporating bracing elements in representative elastic rigid‐jointed plane frames, the contribution of braces to lateral load resistance in seismic excitation conditions is examined using numerical integration techniques. The efficiency of bracing systems is demonstrated. Both the lateral displacements and the loads induced in the main frame are less than those in the equivalent unbraced structure. Accurate prediction of post‐elastic behavior of bracing members has significant practical application potential particularly in industrial structures where the concept of an initially stiff yet str.
Safety Effect of Continuous Shoulder Rumble Strips on Rural Interstates in Maine

In Maine, the first rumble strips were installed in 1994, and the Maine Department of Transportation and the Maine Turnpike Authority have now installed continuous shoulder rumble strips (CSRS) on the majority of the rural sections of the Interstate and turnpike system. There were approximately 620 freeway miles with CSRS at the end of 2004. The purpose of this study is to report on the effectiveness of these installations in preventing run-off-road (ROR) crashes. An evaluation of their effectiveness showed that CSRS reduced sleep-related ROR crashes by approximately 58%. A statistical analysis showed that there is 99.9% certainty that the typical reduction in sleep-related ROR crashes was at least 41%. Fatal crashes were reduced to a higher degree than other crashes. Dry road ROR crashes were reduced by about 43% making the cost–benefit ratio of installing CSRS on a typical Maine section at least 195. CSRS were less effective in eliminating crashes during inclement weather conditions. The overall effectiveness of CSRS installations was estimated to be a 27% reduction with respect to all ROR crashes.
Wind Tunnel Tests of Evolved Mars Tumbleweed Concepts

*† ‡ § The Mars Tumbleweed rover is a concept for an exploration vehicle that would derive mobility through use of the winds on Mars. The Tumbleweed would conduct random sampling of the surface and atmosphere, traveling long distances over broad regions of the Martian surface. NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has developed notional concepts of Tumbleweed rovers and has been studying the aerodynamics of these concepts through wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics analysis. This paper will provide an overview of the latest wind tunnel tests, which were conducted in the fall of 2004 in the LaRC Basic Aerodynamic Research Tunnel (BART). Various configurations of three Tumbleweed concepts, evolved from similar concepts tested in the BART during the previous year, were tested to determine and assess their drag characteristics. Descriptions of the models are provided as well as an overview of the BART facility and the strain gage balance used in the test. A description of the test methodology and the resulting data is presented followed by conclusions drawn from the results.
Cancer-specific type-I interferon receptor signaling promotes cancer stemness and effector CD8+ T-cell exhaustion

ABSTRACT Type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is critical to maintaining antigen-presenting cell function for anti-tumor immunity. However, recent studies have suggested that IFN-I signaling may also contribute to more aggressive phenotypes, raising the possibility that IFN-I downstream signaling in cancer and myeloid cells may exert dichotomous functions.We analyzed the clinicopathologic correlation of cancer-specific IFN-I activation in 195 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. We also characterized the immune impact of IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1)-deficiency in syngeneic tumor models using biochemistry, flow cytometry, and single-cell RNA-Seq. We stained HNSCC tissue microarrays with a sensitive IFN-I downstream signaling activation marker, MX1, and quantitated cancer cell-specific MX1 staining. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that MX1-high tumors exhibited worse survival, a phenotype that depends on the number of CD8+ intratumoral T-cells. We found that cancer-specific IFNAR1 engagement promotes cancer stemness and higher expression levels of suppressive immune checkpoint receptor ligands in cancer-derived exosomes. Notably, mice bearing Ifnar1-deficient tumors exhibited lower tumor burden, increased T-cell infiltration, reduced exhausted CD4+PD1high T-cells, and increased effector population CD8+IFN-γ+ T-cells. Then, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing and discovered that cancer-specific IFN-I signaling not only restricts effector cells expansion but also dampens their functional fitness.The beneficial role of IFN-I activation is largely dependent on the myeloid compartment. Cancer-specific IFN-I receptor engagement promotes cancer stemness and the release of cancer-derived exosomes with high expression levels of immune checkpoint receptor ligands. Cancer-specific IFN-I activation is associated with poor immunogenicity and worse clinical outcomes in HNSCC.
Electrical test structures for the characterisation of optical proximity correction

Simple electrical test structures have been designed that will allow the characterisation of corner serif forms of optical proximity correction. The structures measure the resistance of a short length of conducting track with a right angled corner. Varying amounts of OPC can be applied to the outer and inner corners of the feature and the effect on the resistance of the track measured. These structures have been simulated and the results are presented in this paper. In addition a preliminary test mask has been fabricated which has test structures suitable for on-mask electrical measurement. Measurement results from these structures are also presented. Furthermore structures have been characterised using an optical microscope, a dedicated optical mask metrology system, an AFM scanner and finally a FIB system. In the future the test mask will be used to print the structures using a step and scan lithography tool so that they can be measured on-wafer. Correlation of the mask and wafer results will provide a great deal of information about the e ects of OPC at the CAD level and the impact on the final printed features.
WAVELET--BASED PRESSURE ANALYSIS FOR HYDRAULIC PUMP HEALTH DIAGNOSIS

The diagnosis of hydraulic pump health in real-time is important for increasing hydraulic system reliability and performance. Because of high noise levels in the pump pulsation pressure signal, many existing health diagnosis methods, such as limit checking, spectrum analysis, and logic reasoning, cannot effectively perform a reliable on-line health diagnosis for hydraulic pumps. Wavelet analysis, a waveform signal analysis method performed by breaking up an evaluating signal into shifted and scaled versions of a standard wavelet, can identify feature signals in multiple decomposed band windows of the original signal. The methodology for applying this wavelet analysis in real-time health diagnosis for hydraulic pumps was investigated in this study. Results obtained from both simulation analysis and on-line experimental validation verified that the wavelet analysis method can improve the capability of diagnosing the health conditions of piston pumps, and more importantly can identify the types of pump defects based on the patterns and the amplitudes of obtained wavelet coefficients.
Relationship between TQM and innovation: an empirical study

It is generally acknowledged that organisations need to be innovative in order to survive and prosper. Some advocates of total quality management (TQM) have suggested that it provides the necessary platform for inculcating innovation in organisations. Intuitively, TQM components involving sound and effective practices on leadership, customer focus, relations with suppliers, employee inter‐relationships, information/communication systems and management of processes and products do appear to enable organisations develop culture of innovation. A robust TQM‐innovation relationship appears to be conceptually plausible, but little empirical evidence has so far been offered to support this proposition. In this paper, this relationship is explored. Empirical data were taken from a survey of 418 Australian manufacturing organisations. Structural equation modelling technique was used for statistical analysis. Results show that there is insufficient statistical evidence to suggest that TQM is related to innovation. There could well be a more complex relationship between these concepts.