Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Different Extracts of Silybum marianum Collected from Duhok (Iraq)

In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. collected from Duhok (Iraq) were determined. Ethanol, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the fruit part of plant were obtained. Antioxidant potential was determined with TAS and TOS kits using ethanol extracts. Antibacterial and antifungal activity were determined using agar dilution method. Antibacterial activity was determined against 6 bacterial strains ( Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii ). Antifungal activity was determined against Candida albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata . As a result of the studies, it was determined that plant extracts have high antioxidant activity. It was also found to be effective against bacteria at 25-400 µg/mL concentrations. Plant extracts were found to be more effective against gram negative bacteria. It was found to be effective against Candida species at 400-800 µg/mL concentrations. As a result, it was determined that the fruit parts of plant could be a natural antioxidant and antibacterial source.
Hazard Assessment Based on the Combination of DAN3D and Machine Learning Method for Planning Closed-Type Barriers against Debris-Flow

If a slope located near a densely populated region is susceptible to debris-flow hazards, barriers are used as a mitigation method by placing them in flow channels; i.e., flowpaths. Selecting the location and the design of a barrier requires hazard assessment to determine the width, volume, and impact pressure of debris-flow at the moment of collision. DAN3D (Three-Dimensional Dynamic Analysis), a 3D numerical model for simulating debris-flow, has been widely used to perform hazard assessment; however, solely using DAN3D would be both insufficient and inefficient in finding the optimal barrier location. Therefore, the present study developed a framework that interprets the results from DAN3D simulation without considering any barriers. Then, the framework generates hazard assessment maps showing the impact parameters of debris-flow along the flowpath by various algorithms and machine learning methods, such as the k-means clustering algorithm, and also computes the width of the debris-flow, which is not explicitly calculated in DAN3D. A case study of the debris-flow at Umyeon mountain, Korea, in 2011, was used to generate hazard assessment maps. The maps were demonstrated to be a tool to quickly compute the impact parameters for conceptual barrier design with the aim of finding potential barrier locations.
Abstract. Gastrointestinal melanoma (GM) is a rare but aggressive type of malignant melanoma arising in the gastro- intestinal tract. An anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody markedly improves prognosis in patients with melanoma

Gastrointestinal melanoma (GM) is a rare but aggressive type of malignant melanoma arising in the gastrointestinal tract. An anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody markedly improves prognosis in patients with melanoma. However, little is known regarding the expression of immune-oncology biomarkers in GM compared with skin melanoma (SM), especially in the Asian population. the present study examined clinicopathological characteristics, PD-L1 and HLA expression, and immune-oncology marker expression in 10 cases of GM and 31 cases of SM. Patients with GM exhibited significantly higher incidences of lymph node and distant metastases than patients with SM (P=0.0448 and P=0.0247, respectively). The infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in GM than in SM (P=0.0231). The infiltration of PD‐1+ lymphocytes was higher in GM than in SM, but the difference was not significant (P=0.0975). PD-L1-positive melanoma exhibited a higher proportion of BRAFV600E-positive melanoma than PD-L1-negative melanoma (P=0.0317; 39.4 and 0%, respectively). PD-L1-positive melanoma exhibited significantly higher rates of CD8+ and FOXp3+ lymphocyte infiltration than PD‐L1‐negative melanoma (P=0.0221 and P=0.0463, respectively). By contrast, PD-1+ lymphocytes did not differ between PD-L1-positive and -negative cases. Furthermore, HLA-positive melanoma exhibited higher proportions of PD-1 (P=0.0101; 53.7 and 15.4%) and CD8 than HLA-negative melanoma (P=0.0818; 66.7 and 38.2%). These results provided useful information regarding tumor immunity in GM and SM and may contribute to the development of treatment strategies for GM.
Effect of Solid and Liquid te a compost on the Growth , Yield of Amaranthus cruentus and Soil Properties in Ekpoma , Delta State

Improvement of soil nutrient and organic matter contents is essential to enhance the growth and yield of crops. Two seasons experiment were conducted to evaluate the effect of solid and liquid compost on the growth, yield of Amaranthus and soil properties in Ambrose Alli University Teaching and Research Farm, Ekpoma. The treatments (control, compost tea, solid compost) were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated thrice. Data on soil nutrient content, growth and yield parameters were analyzed statistically. The application of compost significantly (p≤0.05) improved the soil nutrient content, organic carbon and increased the pH to near neutral. The total isolate of fungi species (Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium) was higher in solid compost than other treatments. The fresh and dry yield of Amaranthus leaves obtained were significantly (p≤0.05) higher with the application of compost compared to the control. The fresh leaf weight of Amaranthus obtained were 3.56, 16.11 and 18.12 t ha from the control, compost tea and solid compost treated soil respectively. In the second season, the fresh leaf weight was; 2.70, 10.17 and 10.69 t ha from the application no compost, compost tea and solid compost respectively. The application of compost tea initially increased the growth of Amaranthus. However, the highest leaf yield of Amaranthus was obtained from the application of solid compost.
PPA_A_230921 2029..2038

Najlaa Abdulrahman Alsubeeh 1 Aya Ahmed Alsharafi Shaik Shaffi Ahamed Abdulmajeed Alajlan 4 1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Purpose: Treatment non-adherence leads to negative therapeutic outcomes and financial burdens on the healthcare system. This study aims to compare the mean adherence scores among patients with five dermatological diseases and four treatment types and to identify the associated patient-related factors. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2019 to August 2019. The questionnaire was distributed among patients attending the outpatient dermatology clinic at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It included 2330 patients who were over 16 years old and diagnosed with any of the five dermatological diseases (psoriasis, chronic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, hair growth disorders, and vitiligo). The 12-item Medication Adherence Scale was used to quantify the mean adherence score. Results: Patients with psoriasis or chronic dermatitis were less adherent to treatments than patients with acne vulgaris, hair growth disorder, or vitiligo. Oral treatment and phototherapy had higher mean adherence scores than injection or topical treatment. High adherence was found in female, single patients; those who did not feel stigmatized from using treatment; those who did not have bad experience with the treatment; those who did not suffer from forgetfulness; those who connected receiving treatment with a habit; those who did not lack treatment responsiveness; those who had an excellent relationship with a dermatologist; and patients with a lesion in an exposed area. Stepwise multiple linear regression was also used to identify the independent variables related to adherence score. Conclusion: Psoriasis and chronic dermatitis patients had the lowest mean adherence scores. Patient who were on oral medication had the highest adherence score, while those on topical medication had the lowest score. The thoughtful consideration of factors associated with high adherence is important for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Snow Accumulation in BC’s Southern Interior Forests

Throughout most of British Columbia, snow is an important part of winter. We know that the amount and persistence of snow vary greatly from year to year and with location. Each year, data from snow surveys are used to predict the effects of snow accumulation and melt on transportation networks, recreational opportunities, length of winter logging seasons, flood hazards, reservoir management, and water supplies. We also know that vegetation affects how much snow accumulates on the ground at a particular location and when it disappears.
Hydroxyapatite/cerium oxide composites: Sintering, microstructural, mechanical and invitro bioactivity properties

Effect of cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) additive on the microstructure, mechanical and invitro bioactivity properties of a commercially synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated. HA without CeO 2 started to decompose at 1100 o C, but the decomposition temperature of the CeO 2 added samples decreased up to 900 o C. Decomposition rate of the sintered samples increased as the sintering temperature reached to 1300 o C. It was about 5.8% for monolithic HA, and increased to 11.4% when the CeO 2 additive to HA reached to 2.5 wt%. SEM images showed that an excessive grain growth as well as microcracks occured on the surface of monolithic HA when it was sintered at the temperatures than that of 1100 o C. The microcracks were also observed on the surface of HA-CeO 2 composites, when they were sintered at 1300 o C. The composite of HA-0.5CeO 2 sintered at 1100 o C possess the higher fracture toughness (Kic) (2.510 ± 0.225 MPam 1/2 ) and the higher compressive strength (152.73 ± 6.31 MPa) compared to other HA-CeO 2 composites, and it's mechanical properties are higher than that of monolithic HA at about 2-3 times. In-vitro bioactivity test results showed that apatite layers on the surface of the samples were in the different morphologies.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Tanystropheus (Archosauromorpha, Tanystropheidae)

Tanystropheus represents one of the most characteristic genera of Triassic reptiles and is typified by easily recognizable, hyperelongate cervical vertebrae. First described in 1852, isolated cervical vertebrae and other remains have been referred to the genus and various species have been erected and rejected based on this material. This has resulted in a complicated and convoluted taxonomic history of the genus and confusion as to the validity of species and the referral of specimens. With the exception of the well-represented T. longobardicus, the five other species of Tanystropheus are known from isolated elements or a single, partial specimen. Here, we provide a complete overview of the taxonomic history and a revision of the genus based on first hand observations of the type material of most of the species. From this, we conclude that T. conspicuus and T. haasi should be considered nomina dubia and that T. meridensis constitutes a junior synonym to T. longobardicus. Furthermore, T. longobardicus can be subdivided into two discrete morphotypes that might represent separate species. However, a more detailed study is required to test this hypothesis. Finally, T. fossai is considered distinctly different from the other Tanystropheus taxa and is therefore referred to a separate genus, Sclerostropheus. Stephan N.F. Spiekman. Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland. stephan.spiekman@pim.uzh. ch Torsten M. Scheyer. Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland. scheyer@pim.uzh
Energy-Aware Neural Architecture Optimization With Splitting Steepest Descent

Designing energy-efficient networks is of critical importance for improving the applicability of deep learning to mobile and edge settings. In this work, we introduce a splitting steepest descent algorithm for fast energy-aware neural architecture optimization. Our main idea is to frame the architecture optimization into a continuous splitting process, which gradually grows the network by splitting existing neurons into multiple off-springs. Empirical results show that our method can train highly accurate and energy-efficient networks on challenging benchmarks such as ImageNet.
Pre-operative assessment of palpable breast lump – a comparative study of trucut biopsy & fine needle aspiration cytology

Background: Breast lumps are one of the commonest complaints encountered in surgical OPD's which makes it important to differentiate between benign and malignant conditions before treatment. Our study is an endeavour to find merits of one of the biopsy techniques for breast lump vis-à-vis the other technique. Materials and methods: 55 patients with palpable breast lumps were taken up for this study and subjected to FNAC and Trucut biopsy and reports were compared with histopathology of the exised lump/mastectomy specimen. Results: Percent positivity of malignant diagnosis on Trucut biopsy (B5) was 38.18% while that on FNAC (C5) was 25.45%. Thus Trucut biopsy detected 12.73% more malignant cases than FNAC. The suspicious rates for FNAC (C3&C4) expressed as a percentage of the total number of cases was 36.35% compared to the suspicious rate of Trucut biopsy (B3&B4) of just 1.81%. Percentage of benign cases diagnosed on FNAC (C2) was 34.54 while that on Trucut biopsy (B2) was 52.72. Thus there was a 18.18% increase in definitive benign diagnosis by Trucut biopsy over FNAC. Conclusion: Trucut biopsy detected more breast carcinomas as compared FNAC with a sensitivity of 95.45% as opposed to 63.63%. Though both the techniques were equally specific, Trucut biopsy was able to correctly categorize borderline / inadequate lesions into definitely benign and malignant categories.
University of Groningen Antidepressant treatment with fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation modulates the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model relevant to depression Ramsteijn,

Up to 10% of women use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants during pregnancy and postpartum. Recent evidence suggests that SSRIs are capable of altering the gut microbiota. However, the interaction between maternal depression and SSRI use on bacterial community composition and the availability of microbiota-derived metabolites during pregnancy and lactation is not clear. We studied this using a rat model relevant to depression, where adult females with a genetic vulnerability and stressed as pups show depressive-like behaviors. Throughout pregnancy and lactation, females received the SSRI fluoxetine or vehicle. High-resolution 16S ribosomal RNA marker gene sequencing and targeted metabolomic analysis were used to assess the fecal microbiome and metabolite availability, respectively. Not surprisingly, we found that pregnancy and lactation segregate in terms of fecal microbiome diversity and composition, accompanied by changes in metabolite availability. However, we also showed that fluoxetine treatment altered important features of this transition from pregnancy to lactation most clearly in previously stressed dams, with lower fecal amino acid concentrations. Amino acid concentrations, in turn, correlated negatively with the relative abundance of bacterial taxa such as Prevotella and Bacteroides. Our study demonstrates an important relationship between antidepressant use during the perinatal period and maternal fecal metabolite availability in a rat model relevant to depression, possibly through parallel changes in the gut microbiome. Since microbial metabolites contribute to homeostasis and development, insults to the maternal microbiome by SSRIs might have health consequences for mother and offspring. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 19 July 2019 Revised 8 December 2019 Accepted 11 December 2019
A Theoretical Study on Dopamine Molecule

Now-days the computational quantum theory especially Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density functional theory (DFT) is an important role in physical chemistry. Dopamine is a hormone neurotransmitter, why understanding the stability, reactivity and structure analysis are important. In this study, before calculation quantum mechanical we optimize the energy band gaps using different basis sets for both DFT and HF methods, then we select 6-31G* at DFT method for our dopamine molecule. IR and NMR spectra with some reference are investigated according to this method.
Ownership Structure and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of Listed Airlines Industry in Asia and Australia

The aims of this research is obtaining the empirical evidence about the effect of ownership structure on airlines financial performance. The independent variables of this research consisted of foreign ownership, government ownership, and institutional ownership with the control variable are firm’s size, while the dependent variable in return on equity (ROE). The sample of this research consist of 76 annual reports of airlines industry in Asia and Australia from 2010 until 2015. This research is quantitative research which the sampling method is purposive sampling. Data of ownership structure, firm size, and return on equity collected from annual reports. The analysis of this research is multiple regression analysis. The result of this research showed that foreign and government ownership have the positive effect on financial performance of airlines, while the institutional ownership and firm size have no positive effect to the financial performance (return on equity). There is no difference between the financial performance of airlines in Asia and Australia.
INFLUENCE OF RATE OF SHEARING ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED SILTY SOIL

Suction controlled triaxial tests have been extensively used to study the behaviour of unsaturated soil specimens. In the real field conditions, the soil exists at varying suction range depending on its type and the weather condition. Since these tests need sophisticated equipments and are generally time consuming, it is pivotal to identify the optimum shearing rate at which the actual drained behaviour of unsaturated soils is obtained. Triaxial testing for unsaturated soils calls for a constant suction level during the shearing process. The axial shearing rate should be slow enough to maintain equilibrium of matric suction as well as the uniform distribution of water content throughout the specimen. Previous research conducted on the shearing rate based on oedometer test on saturated soils, cannot be applied due to the time required for equalization of matric suction and unsaturated permeability being much smaller than that from saturated
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Reactions towards Individual Work Performance: A Conceptual Paper

Interest in the impact of transformational leadership on employee reactions for decades, been the focus of research studies and variety of countries. Employee reactions are usually defined in this research specifically in terms of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and citizenship behavior. Either while such studies have focused on direct or indirect relationships between the specific factors, there is little evidence of any research, which examines the leadership effectiveness as a serially integrative relationship. This study therefore proposes a more comprehensive model of transformational leadership, which incorporates the key factors of employee reactions. The expectancy theory of motivation is used to expand and clarify the current model of leadership effectiveness. This paper claims that the reactions of employees are crucially nested in the transformational leadership – individual work performance relationship. In particular, the significance of this paper is therefore to develop the serially integrative relationship model between transformational leadership, organizational commitment, organization citizenship behavior, job satisfaction and individual work performance.
A Single Model CNN for Hyperspectral Image Denoising

Denoising is a common preprocessing step prior to the analysis and interpretation of hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, the vast majority of methods typically adopted for HSI denoising exploit architectures originally developed for grayscale or RGB images, exhibiting limitations when processing high-dimensional HSI data cubes. In particular, traditional methods do not take into account the high spectral correlation between adjacent bands in HSIs, which leads to unsatisfactory denoising performance as the rich spectral information present in HSIs is not fully exploited. To overcome this limitation, this article considers deep learning models—such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs)—to perform spectral–spatial HSI denoising. The proposed model, called HSI single denoising CNN (HSI-SDeCNN), efficiently takes into consideration both the spatial and spectral information contained in HSIs. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data demonstrate that the proposed HSI-SDeCNN outperforms other state-of-the-art HSI denoising methods. Source code: https://github.com/mhaut/HSI-SDeCNN
The long term effect of own and spousal parental leave on mothers’ earnings

We take advantage of the introduction of a Norwegian parental leave reform in 1993 to identify the causal effect of own and spousal parental leave on mothers’ long term earnings. The reform raised the total leave period by seven weeks, but reserved four weeks for the father. This reform allows us to empirically examine the importance of three prominent mechanisms proposed to explain the correlation between motherhood and wages: Human capital depreciation, selection, and specialization. We find that women who had their last child immediately after the policy change have substantially higher mean yearly earnings between 1995-2005 and long run yearly earnings (from 1997 to our last year of data in 2005) compared to women who had their last child immediately before the reform. This conclusion is robust to using different time windows and identification strategies. By comparing our results to the insignificant effects of another parental leave reform in 1992 that raised the total leave period but without mandatory leave for fathers, we conclude that our results support the specialization hypothesis. a Norwegian Social Research, P.O. Box 3223 Elisenberg, N-0208 Oslo, Norway. Email: hfi@nva.no and.eug@nova.no b Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, Box 640, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. Email: Andreas.Kotsadam@economics.gu. se Acknowledgements: The paper has benefited from comments by seminar participants at Norwegian Social Reasearch (NOVA). We would also like to thank Måns Nerman, Ann-Sofie Isaksson, and Niklas Jakobsson, for useful comments.