Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Glucagon Recognition by Pancreatic β-Cells via Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptors

cAMP is required for normal glucose-induced insulin release by pancreatic β-cells. In a previous study, we showed that cAMP production in β-cells depends on the expression of receptors for glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide [GLP-1(7-36) amide], and glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. Although the latter two peptides are thought to amplify mealinduced insulin release (incretin effect), the role of glucagon in the regulation of insulin release remains elusive. In the present study, we analyzed the interaction of glucagon with its own receptor and with the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor using purified rat β-cells. Glucagon binding was partially displaced by 1 μmol/1 des-His1-[Glu9]glucagon-amide, a glucagon receptor antagonist, and by 1 μmol/1 GLP-1. Conversely, GLP-1 binding was competitively inhibited by high glucagon concentrations (Ki = 0.3 μmol/1). Glucagoninduced cAMP production in β-cells was inhibited both by 1 μmol/1 des-His1-[Glu9]glucagon-amide and exendin-(9-39)-amide, a specific GLP-1 receptor antagonist, whereas GLP-1-induced cAMP formation was suppressed only by exendin-(9-39)-amide. Finally, addition of 1 βmol/1 exendin-(9-39)-amide to 20 mmol/1 glucosestimulated β-cells did not antagonize the potentiating effect of 1 nmol/1 glucagon, although it prevented 45% of glucagon potentiation when the peptide was administered at 10 nmol/1. Our data suggest that glucagon recognition via two distinct receptors allows pancreatic β-cells to detect this peptide both when diluted in the systemic circulation and when concentrated as local signal in the islet interstitium.
Atividade antiproliferativa e mutagênica dos extratos aquosos de Baccharis trimera (Less.) A. P. de Candolle e Baccharis articulata (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae) sobre o sistema teste de Allium cepa

As especies medicinais Baccharis trimera e Baccharis articulata, nativas no sul do Brasil, sao muito utilizadas na medicina popular. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o potencial efeito citotoxico destas infusoes sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa. Ramos de duas populacoes de cada especie coletados durante os estadios vegetativo e reprodutivo (floracao) foram usados para preparar infusoes em duas concentracoes: 15 mg mL-1 e 75 mg mL-1. Celulas das pontas de raizes Allium cepa sao usadas como sistema teste in vivo. Foram preparadas lâminas atraves da tecnica de esmagamento. As celulas foram analisadas em todo o ciclo celular de A. cepa, totalizando 4000 celulas para cada grupo de bulbos. O indice mitotico (IM) foi calculado e realizado analise estatistica atraves do teste Qui-quadrado (c2 = 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que as infusoes de B. trimera nas duas populacoes causaram reducao do IM em relacao ao controle, mas nao entre as concentracoes, em ambos estadios utilizados. Os extratos de B. articulata tambem apresentaram reducao do IM em relacao ao controle, sendo que uma das populacoes apresentou diferenca do IM entre as concentracoes nos dois estadios, o que nao ocorreu na outra populacao. Com relacao a presenca de celulas com aberracoes cromossomicas, esta ocorreu em todas as populacoes estudadas. Os resultados indicaram que os extratos dessas especies apresentaram efeito antiproliferativo e mutagenico para as concentracoes estudadas, nao possuindo diferenca nesses efeitos quanto ao estadio de desenvolvimento das plantas.
The Consistency of Ischemic ST Segment Changes in Patients with a Prior Positive Exercise Stress Test

Exercise stress test (EST) is a common screening test for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the sensitivity and specificity of the test is only moderate, and the value of repeated tests is still doubtful. Objective: To evaluate the consistency of ischemic ST segment changes as determined by an exercise stress test. Methods: From January 2007 to January 2008, we prospectively studied patients with positive ischemia by an EST (EST- 1) who underwent a coronary angiogram (CAG) at the Chest Disease Institute. Repeated EST (EST-2) was done during admission prior to the CAG. Results of the CAG, EST-1, and EST-2 were analyzed. The consistency of positive ischemic ST-T changes was defined as the difference or variation between EST-1 and EST-2 of less than 10%. Results: There were 100 consecutive patients with a positive test (EST-1): 58% were male and the mean age was 57 years (range 38-79 yrs.). The risk factors were 18% with diabetes mellitus (DM), 72% hypertension (HT), 75% dyslipidemia, 19% positive familial history, and 48% current cigarette smokers. The CAG showed significant coronary artery disease in 63% of the patients. Among these, the EST-2 revealed a positive test in 75%. Considering the positive ST segment changes of the test, the same findings between EST-1 and EST-2 were shown in 54% and significant CAD was found in 72% of these patients. In 46% of patients whose tests were inconsistent between EST-1 and EST-2, significant CAD was found in only 52%. Conclusions: The ischemic ST segment changes found with a positive EST are inconsistent. Repeated EST may be worthwhile, as it may increase the specificity of the EST in detecting true CAD.
Detecção de ácidos nucléicos de Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., herpesvirus bovino e vírus da diarréia viral bovina, em fetos bovinos abortados e em animais mortos no perinatal

Samples of 114 bovine fetuses and 10 calves, which dead in perinatal period, were examined for detection of DNA. The most common detected agent was Brucella spp. in 17 samples (13.7%) followed by Leptospira spp. in 4 cases (3.2%),bovine herpesvirus (BHV) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) in 3 animals (2.4%) each, and 1 for the association of BVDV and BHV. In 77.4 % (96/124) of the samples it was not possible to detect any agent.
Assessment of nurses opinions on participation in ward round in Ebonyi State

International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health Vol.2 (1),pp. 1-3, January 2015 Available online at http://www.journalissues. org/IRJPEH/ http://dx.doi. org/10.15739/irjpeh.012 Copyright © 2015 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article ISSN 2360-8803
Echo: Compiler-based GPU Memory Footprint Reduction for LSTM RNN Training

The Long-Short-Term-Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM RNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models for analyzing sequential data. Their training on modern GPUs, however, is limited by the GPU memory capacity. Our profiling results of the LSTM RNN-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model reveal that feature maps of the attention and RNN layers form the memory bottleneck, and runtime is unevenly distributed across different layers when training on GPUs. Based on these two observations, we propose to recompute the feature maps of the attention and RNN layers rather than stashing them persistently in the GPU memory. While the idea of feature map recomputation has been considered before, existing solutions fail to deliver satisfactory footprint reduction, as they do not address two key challenges. For each feature map recomputation to be efficient, its effect on (1) the total memory footprint, and (2) the total execution time has to be carefully estimated. To this end, we propose Echo, a new compiler-based optimization scheme that addresses the first challenge with a practical mechanism that estimates the memory benefits of recomputation over the entire computation graph, and the second challenge by non-conservatively estimating the recomputation runtime overhead leveraging layer specifics. Echo reduces the GPU memory footprint automatically and transparently without any changes required to the training source code, and is effective for models beyond LSTM RNNs. We evaluate Echo on numerous state-of-the-art machine learning workloads, including NMT, DeepSpeech2, Transformer, and ResNet, on real systems with modern GPUs and observe footprint reduction ratios of 1. 89x on average and 3. 13x maximum. Such reduction can be converted into faster training with a larger batch size, savings in GPU energy consumption (e.g., training with one GPU as fast as with four), and/or an increase in the maximum number of layers under the same GPU memory budget. Echo is open-sourced as a part of the MXNet 2.0 framework. 11https://issues.apache. org/jirdprojects/MXNET/issues/MXNET-1450
Deconstructing and reconstructing word embedding algorithms

Uncontextualized word embeddings are reliable feature representations of words used to obtain high quality results for various NLP applications. Given the historical success of word embeddings in NLP, we propose a retrospective on some of the most well-known word embedding algorithms. In this work, we deconstruct Word2vec, GloVe, and others, into a common form, unveiling some of the necessary and sufficient conditions required for making performant word embeddings. We find that each algorithm: (1) fits vector-covector dot products to approximate pointwise mutual information (PMI); and, (2) modulates the loss gradient to balance weak and strong signals. We demonstrate that these two algorithmic features are sufficient conditions to construct a novel word embedding algorithm, Hilbert-MLE. We find that its embeddings obtain equivalent or better performance against other algorithms across 17 intrinsic and extrinsic datasets.
Análise Florística e Padrão Espacial da Regeneração Natural em Área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na Região de Caçador, SC

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of extensive cattle raising on floristic composition and diversity of natural regeneration in permanent preservation areas of Ombrophilous Mixed Forest in the municipality of Cacador, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Data were collected in 32 temporary fixed area plots (4×17 m) distributed randomly in permanent preservation areas. We measured the collar diameter (10 cm) and total height of all individuals taller than 30 cm, with circumference at breast height smaller than or equal to 15.7 cm (diameter ≤ 5 cm). The floristic analysis showed 61 species, 52 genera and 30 botanical families. The areas without cattle presented diversity slightly higher than the areas with cattle. In general, the floristic composition, diversity and equability between areas with and without cattle were similar.
Post-Discharge Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in a Large Cohort of Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Total Knee Arthroplasty

Objective:�Toexaminetheincidenceofandriskfac- torsforvenousthromboembolism�(VTE)�andbleeding� inaUSpopulationoftotalhiportotalkneearthro- plasty�(THA/TKA)�patients. •� Design:�Retrospectivedatabasestudy. •� Setting:� Healthcareclaimsrecords� (2004-2009)� fromalargeinsuranceplanlinkedtoaninpatient� database. •� Participants:� THA/TKApatientswithnoevidenceof� priororthopaedicsurgeriesorpriorVTEandnopost- dischargeorthopaedicsurgeries.
Incremento na densidade de plantas: uma alternativa para aumentar o rendimento de grãos de milho em regiões de curta estação estival de crescimento

^lpt^aO surgimento de novos cultivares de milho, de ciclo mais curto, estatura reduzida, menor numero de folhas e folhas mais eretas aumentou o potencial de resposta da cultura a densidade de plantas. Essa tendencia pode ser acentuada nos planaltos do Sul do Brasil, que apresentam temperatura media nos meses mais quentes inferiores a 22°C, o que resulta em menor estacao estival de crescimento. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos objetivando avaliar a viabilidade de se trabalhar com densidade de plantas maiores do que as atualmente recomendadas para esta regiao, como uma forma de aumentar o rendimento de graos. Nestes experimentos, submeteram-se os hibridos Cargill 901 e XL 370 a uma populacao que variou de 37.000 a 100.000pl ha-1, sob diferentes situacoes de manejo. Em tres dos quatro experimentos realizados, o uso de densidade de plantas superior a 60.000plha-1 maximizou o rendimento de graos. A maior competicao intraespecifica verificada nas densidades mais elevadas nao reduziu drasticamente o numero de espigas por planta, o que contribuiu para a melhor adaptacao da cultura a densidades elevadas. Dessa forma, para locais com estacao estival de crescimento mais curta, o uso de cultivares precoces, de menor porte, pode ser acompanhado pelo incremento na densidade para valores compreendidos entre 65.000 e 80.000pl ha-1. Isso e possivel desde que se tenha bom nivel de fertilidade no solo, boa disponibilidade hidrica e cultivares resistentes ao acamamento. ^len^aThe development of earlier hybrids, with shorter plant height, lower leaf number and upright leaves has increased maize potential adaptability to withstand high plant densities. This trend may be emphasized on the high lands of Southern Brazil due to their mild Spring and Summer temperatures and shorter maize growing season. Four trials were carried out, aiming to investigate the viability of using higher than recommended plant populations, as an alternative to improve grain yield. The maize hybrids Cargill 901 and XL 370 were evaluated at several plant populations, ranging from 37000 to 100000pl ha-1, under different management situations. In three out of four experiments, plant populations above 60000pl ha-1 maximized grain yield. The greater competition among individuals verified at high plant populations did not decrease substantially the number of ears per plant, which contributed to improve maize adaptation to high plant densities. Therefore, for regions with a short growing season, the use of early small stature maize hybrids may be accompanied by an increment in plant population up to a value varying between 65000 and 80000pl ha-1. This is conceivable as long as there is adequate soil fertility, water availability and stem lodging resistant genotypes.
Sperm parameters and biochemical components of goat seminal plasma in the rainy and dry seasons in the Brazilian Northeast: the season's influence on the cooling of semen

The present study aimed to verify the caprine semen characteristics during dry and rainy seasons in the Brazilian Northeast, and the influence of these seasons on cooled semen. Seminal volume, concentration, percentage of motile cells, vigor and spermatic morphology, as well as biochemical profile (fructose, citric acid, P, Ca2+, Mg, total proteins and phospholipase A2 activity) were analyzed. It was observed a reduction (P<0.05) in normal sperm morphology, fructose, citric acid, P, Mg and total protein concentration during the dry season, which did not affect the motility, vigor, volume and sperm concentration. Phospholipase A2 activity was increased during the dry season (P<0.05). The analysis of the semen cooled at 4oC during 48 hours showed reduction in total motility and vigor sperm during the dry season (P<0.05). Based on these results, we conclude that the best period of year for caprine semen cooling is the rainy season.
Effect of broodstock diet on the fecundity and biochemical composition of eggs of the Patagonian red octopus (Enteroctopus megalocyathus Gould 1852)

Twelve females of the Patagonian red octopus Enteroctopus megalocyathus, of 1.4 ± 0.2 kg, were maintained at 12 oC under three conditioning treatments: T1 (F10%), frozen fish at 10% daily body weight (bwt d–1); T2 (FC (3:1) 10%), mix (3:1) of frozen fish and fresh crab at 10% bwt d–1; and T3 (F7.5%), frozen fish at 7.5% bwt d–1. Egg laying was observed after four months of conditioning, when from 545 to 1100 oC days had been reached, and when females had increased 1.5 times in body weight. Absolute fecundity reached 2129 eggs (±1182) per female in treatments T1 and T2, whereas in T3 fecundity reached only 56 eggs. The lowest values of perivitelline protein were obtained in T1 and T2, while total lipid content in the yolk was similar among treatments. The most frequent fatty acids in egg yolk were 16:0, 17:0, 17:1, 18:0, 20:1, 20:4n-6, 23:0, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. Significant differences in fatty acid contents among treatments were observed only for 16:1 and 22:5n-3. The results showed that females can be conditioned for egg production even when fed a diet lacking crustaceans, and that a dietary reduction of 7.5% bwt d–1 diminished fecundity without affecting egg quality in terms of their biochemical composition. Doce hembras del pulpo rojo patagonico Enteroctopus megalocyathus, de 1.4 ± 0.2 kg, se mantuvieron a 12 oC bajo tres tratamientos de acondicionamiento: T1 (P10%), pescado congelado a 10% peso corporal d–1; T2 (PJ (3:1) 10%), mezcla (3:1) de pescado congelado y jaiba fresca a 10% peso corporal d–1 ; y T3 (P7.5%), pescado congelado a 7.5% peso corporal d–1. Los desoves se observaron luego de cuatro meses de acondicionamiento, en periodos que variaron entre 545 y 1100 oC dias acumulados, durante los cuales las hembras aumentaron 1.5 veces su peso corporal. La fecundidad absoluta obtenida de los tratamientos T1 y T2 alcanzo en promedio 2129 huevos (±1182) por hembra, mientras que con el tratamiento T3 solo se obtuvieron 56 huevos por hembra. El contenido de proteina perivitelina fue inferior en los huevos de los tratamientos T1 y T2, mientras que el contenido de lipidos totales fue similar en los vitelos procedentes de los tres tratamientos de acondicionamiento. Los acidos grasos mas frecuentes en los vitelos de los huevos fueron 16:0, 17:0, 17:1, 18:0, 20:1, 20:4n-6, 23:0, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 y 22:6n-3, observandose diferencias significativas solo en los contenidos de los acidos grasos 16:1 y 22:5n-3. Los resultados mostraron que las hembras pueden acondicionarse y realizar la puesta aunque la dieta carezca de crustaceos, y que la reduccion de la racion alimenticia a un 7.5% peso corporal d–1 disminuyo la fecundidad pero no significo una perdida de la calidad de los huevos en terminos de su composicion bioquimica.
Mechanical stretch-induced activation of ROS/RNS signaling in striated muscle.

SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) occurs in striated muscle and affects Ca(2+) signaling and contractile function. ROS/RNS signaling is tightly controlled, spatially compartmentalized, and source specific. RECENT ADVANCES Here, we review the evidence that within the contracting myocyte, the trans-membrane protein NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) is the primary source of ROS generated during contraction. We also review a newly characterized signaling cascade in cardiac and skeletal muscle in which the microtubule network acts as a mechanotransduction element that activates Nox2-dependent ROS generation during mechanical stretch, a pathway termed X-ROS signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES In the heart, X-ROS acts locally and affects the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release channels (ryanodine receptors) and tunes Ca(2+) signaling during physiological behavior, but excessive X-ROS can promote Ca(2+)-dependent arrhythmias in pathology. In skeletal muscle, X-ROS sensitizes Ca(2+)-permeable sarcolemmal "transient receptor potential" channels, a pathway that is critical for sustaining SR load during repetitive contractions, but when in excess, it is maladaptive in diseases such as Duchenne Musclar dystrophy. FUTURE DIRECTIONS New advances in ROS/RNS detection as well as molecular manipulation of signaling pathways will provide critical new mechanistic insights into the details of X-ROS signaling. These efforts will undoubtedly reveal new avenues for therapeutic intervention in the numerous diseases of striated muscle in which altered mechanoactivation of ROS/RNS production has been identified.
Phylogenetic relationships of selected genera of Lutjanidae inferred from mitochondrial regions, with a note on the taxonomic status of Pinjalo pinjalo

Las relaciones filogeneticas de 43 especies pertenecientes a 11 generos, representando cuatro subfamilias de la familia Lutjanidae y dos generos de la familia Caesionidae, fueron inferidas a partir del gen mitocondrial citocromo c oxidasa subunidad I (COI). Ademas, se uso la region control (RC) del ADN mitocondrial para inferir la filogenia entre los tipos de Lutjanus russellii del oceano Indico y el Pacifico occidental recolectados en las costas de la peninsula de Malasia. Se generaron secuencias de COI (11 especies) y RC (12 especies). Los clados generados concuerdan con las agrupaciones propuestas anteriormente basadas en la morfologia y biogeografia de las especies. La relacion filogenetica cercana entre Pinjalo pinjalo y los pargos rojos Lutjanus malabaricus y Lutjanus sebae justifica la revision taxonomica de los mismos ya que los caracteres morfologicos empleados para diferenciar ambos generos son ambiguos. La divergencia de las secuencias (4.2%) entre los dos tipos de L. russellii (Indico y Pacifico occidental), asi como la caracterizacion morfologica y la informacion biogeografica permiten sugerir que son dos especies distintas
Türkiye de Çocuk Zehirlenmeleri

Yurdumuzdaki cocuk zehirlenmelerini arastirmayi amaclayan bu calismada Turkiye nin degisik bolgelerindeki 38 saglik kurulusundan bildirilen 5077 cocuk zehirlenme olgusu incelendi Turkiye genelinde zehirlenme olgularinin tum acil olgulara orani 0 9 olarak saptandi Zehirlenmeler en sik 13 ay 4 yas grubunda erkeklerde ve ilkbahar ile yaz aylarinda goruldu Yurdumuzda dogudan batiya kuzeyden guneye gidildiginde hastaneye basvurularin daha erken yapildigi ortaya cikti Zehirlenme turleri arasinda ilk sirada ilac zehirlenmeleri ikinci sirada besin zehirlenmeleri yer aldi 43 4 ile 21 8 Ilac zehirlenmeleri en yuksek oranda Karadeniz Bolgesi nde goruldu 70 ilaclar arasinda analjezik ve antipiretiklerle zehirlenmeler Ege ve Marmara Bolgeleri nde ilk sirayi alirken diger bolgelerde sinir sistemine etki eden ilaclarla zehirlenmeler daha fazla goruldu Besin zehirlenmelerinde de dogudan batiya kuzeyden guneye gidildiginde azalma gozlendi Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi en yuksek oranda Guneydogu Anadolu Bolgesi nde 27 8 insektisit ve pestisit zehirlenmesi Akdeniz Bolgesi nde 22 9 saptandi Anahtar kelimeler: Turkiye Zehirlenme Cocuk
Water quality in the lotic area of the Antas river before and after the construction of the Monte Claro hydroelectric plant, south Brazil

AIM: This study characterized the water quality of the lotic areas of the Rio das Antas (Antas River)influenced by the construction of the Monte Claro hydroelectric plant (South Brazil), a run-of-the-river reservoir. METHODS: To assess the water quality, we selected four sampling points based on the results obtained in the water-quality monitoring program performed by CERAN (the Rio das Antas Energetic Company) in the pre-filling (2002-2004) and post-filling (2005-2008) periods. The river flow was monitored during both of the periods. Seasonal samplings were conducted, and alkalinity, chlorophyll a, total and fecal coliforms, conductivity, color, BOD, COD, total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammoniacal nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, sulfates, temperature and turbidity were evaluated. The results were interpreted according to the Brazilian Environmental Council's Water Quality Index, Trophic State Index and CONAMA Resolution 357/05. To verify the occurrence of alterations before and after the plant operation, t-tests were performed. RESULTS: Significant changes in water quality were not observed after the impoundment. The permanence of the characteristics of the natural hydrography was important for maintaining the water quality. The decline of the water quality in a stretch with reduced flow was caused by Burati stream, a tributary containing high concentrations of nutrients and fecal coliforms. CONCLUSIONS:The Monte Claro hydroelectric plant did not alter the water quality of the Antas River. The small reservoir resulting from the plant project favors the maintenance of the water quality of the river and does not favor eutrophication. Attention should be given to Burati stream, a tributary of the Antas River, regarding its high nutrient and coliform content.