Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Island Tourism and Sustainable Development

This multidisciplinary volume dicusses the impact of tourism on sustainable development in the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Mediterranean. Bringing together scholars, development practitioners, international experts, and professionals, the contributors discuss the issues from a holistic and transnational perspective. This work provides a much-needed, thorough understanding of the interplay among economic, cultural, environmental, and public health parameters. The contributors provide a workable definition of sustainable development that can be understood, conveyed, and implemented by policy makers, development practitioners, and tourism professionals. Among the special issues addressed here are the role of women in tourism, the contradictions inherent in cultural tourism, the hegemony of tour operators, disease mapping and risk assessment, and island community involvement in tourism-related land-use planning.
Clopidogrel Improves Skin Microcirculatory Endothelial Function in Persons With Heightened Platelet Aggregation

Background Platelet activation can lead to enhanced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and endothelial dysfunction. To quantify the effects of platelet inhibition on endothelial function, we assessed platelet activity of healthy persons before and after clopidogrel administration and evaluated its effects on endothelial function. We hypothesized that clopidogrel, by attenuating platelet activity, would result in enhanced endothelial function. Methods and Results Microcirculatory endothelial function was quantified by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) mediated by thermal hyperemia (TH) and postocclusive reactive hyperemia, respectively, in 287 and 241 relatively healthy and homogenous Old Order Amish persons. LDF and platelet aggregation measures were obtained at baseline and after 7 days of clopidogrel administration. Our primary outcome was percentage change in post‐ versus preclopidogrel LDF measures. Preclopidogrel TH‐LDF and platelet aggregation were higher in women than in men (P<0.001). Clopidogrel administration was associated with ≈2‐fold higher percentage change in TH‐LDF in participants with high versus low baseline platelet aggregation (39.4±10.1% versus 17.4±5.6%, P=0.03). Clopidogrel also increased absolute TH‐LDF measures in persons with high platelet aggregation (1757±766 to 2154±1055, P=0.03), with a more prominent effect in women (1909±846 to 2518±1048, P=0.001). There was no evidence that clopidogrel influenced postocclusive reactive hyperemia LDF measures. Conclusions The administration of clopidogrel in healthy persons with high baseline platelet aggregation results in improved TH‐induced microcirculatory endothelial function. These data suggest that clopidogrel may have a beneficial effect on microcirculatory endothelial function, presumably through antiplatelet activity, and may confer additional vascular benefits. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00799396.
Cryptanalysis of RCES/RSES Image Encryption Scheme

Recently, a chaos-based image encryption scheme called RCES (also called RSES) was proposed. This paper analyzes the security of RCES, and points out that it is insecure against the known/chosen-plaintext attacks: the number of required known/chosen plain-images is only one or two. In addition, the security of RCES against the brute-force attack was overestimated. Both theoretical and experimental analyses are given to show the performance of the suggested known/chosen-plaintext attacks. The insecurity of RCES is due to its special design, which makes it a typical example of insecure image encryption schemes. Some lessons are drawn from RCES to show some common principles for ensuring the high level of security of an image encryption scheme.
Peripapillary Vessel Density In Unilateral Preperimetric Glaucoma

Purpose To investigate vessel density (VD) of radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) and structural alterations in patients with unilateral preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods This cross-sectional observational study included 13 untreated patients with unilateral PPG. PPG eyes had larger excavation and abnormal thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and/or ganglion cell complex (GCC) compared with fellow eyes (F). Both RNFL and GCC thickness in F were statistically within normal limits and/or borderline. The RPC VD on optic disc (idVD), of peripapillary (ppVD) and whole image (wiVD) scan area was measured. Twenty healthy eyes (H) served as controls. Structural and vascular parameters obtained by spectral-domain OCT/OCTA (Optovue; Fremont, CA) were compared between PPG, F and H. Results Mean RNFL and GCC average thickness in microns differed significantly (p<0.001) between PPG (82.4±7.1, 81.4±5.9), F (91.0±7.1, 88.5±3.8) and H (103.5±6.0, 99.3±5.7). PPG compared with F showed significantly (p<0.001) lower mean ppVD (43.8%±3.0% versus 47.8%±3.2%) and wiVD (45.9%±3.5% versus 50.1%±3.9%). Mean ppVD (49.7%±2.4%) and wiVD (52.6%±3.0%) in H were not significantly higher than in F. Mean idVD showed no significant differences among the 3 groups. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for RNFL, GCC, ppVD and wiVD between PPG and H were excellent (>0.9). AUROCs between F and H demonstrated an excellent diagnostic ability for structural parameters and a poor one (<0.7) for vascular parameters. Conclusion Affected eyes of patients with unilateral PPG demonstrated significant RPC dropout. Clinically unaffected eyes showed thinner structural parameters but no significant microvasculature differences compared with non-glaucomatous eyes. Diagnostic ability of peripapillary vascular parameters was not superior to structural measurements. Microvascular dysfunction seems to be an early but not a primary event in glaucoma continuum at the stage of undetectable visual field loss. OCTA can be useful in early glaucoma diagnosis.
Identification of four unconventional kinetoplastid kinetochore proteins KKT22–25 in Trypanosoma brucei

The kinetochore is a multi-protein complex that drives chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. It assembles onto centromere DNA and interacts with spindle microtubules during mitosis and meiosis. Although most eukaryotes have canonical kinetochore proteins, kinetochores of evolutionarily divergent kinetoplastid species consist of at least 20 unconventional kinetochore proteins (KKT1–20). In addition, twelve proteins (KKIP1–12) are known to localize at kinetochore regions during mitosis. It remains unclear whether KKIP proteins interact with KKT proteins. Here, we report the identification of four additional kinetochore proteins, KKT22–25, in Trypanosoma brucei. KKT22 and KKT23 constitutively localize at kinetochores, while KKT24 and KKT25 localize from S phase to anaphase. KKT23 has a Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) domain, which is not found in any kinetochore protein known to date. We also show that KKIP1 co-purifies with KKT proteins, but not with KKIP proteins. Finally, our affinity purification of KKIP2/3/4/6 identifies a number of proteins as their potential interaction partners, many of which are implicated in RNA binding or processing. These findings further support the idea that kinetoplastid kinetochores are unconventional.
Specification of diverse cell types during early neurogenesis of the mouse cerebellum

We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to profile genome-wide gene expression in about 9,400 individual cerebellar cells from the mouse embryo at embryonic day 13.5. Reiterative clustering identified the major cerebellar cell types and subpopulations of different lineages. Through pseudotemporal ordering to reconstruct developmental trajectories, we identified novel transcriptional programs controlling cell fate specification of populations arising from the ventricular zone and the anterior rhombic lip, two distinct germinal zones of the embryonic cerebellum. Together, our data revealed cell-specific markers for studying the cerebellum, important specification decisions, and a number of previously unknown subpopulations that may play an integral role in the formation and function of the cerebellum. Importantly, we identified a potential mechanism of vermis formation, which is affected by multiple congenital cerebellar defects. Our findings will facilitate new discovery by providing insights into the molecular and cell type diversity in the developing cerebellum.
Predictable Errors in Monetary Policy Communications and Decisions

Accurate economic forecasting is more difficult in periods of uncertainty, resulting in spiked forecast errors during such periods. Nevertheless, amid the post-pandemic economic uncertainty, the Fed Chair confidently yet incorrectly portrayed inflation as transitory, short-lived, defying this systematic pattern. Our analysis suggests that policy communications and decisions made by the Fed Chair overlooked this predictable fluctuation in inflation forecast errors. These material predictable errors proved detrimental to price stability, corporations, households
NDT_A_221858 2513..2520

1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Mental Health Research Center, Department of community psychiatry, Faculty of Behavioral Sciences and Mental health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Radiation Biology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Information Systems Management

N THE LAST DECADE, UBIQUITOUS computing has moved from a futuristic vision to a reality. As computing power continues to increase and hardware becomes more compact, computers have become part of our work and social life, anywhere and anytime. Benefiting from the combination of wireless connectivity and portability similar to that of a traditional spiral notebook, the tablet PC is allowing people to rethink how they do their work. The tablet PC offers such features as lightweight portability, wireless connectivity, and, as the most important factor differentiating it from notebook and desktop computers, stylus input in addition to the traditional keyboard. Obviously, the purpose of these features is to allow users to perform their jobs more effectively and efficiently. However, relatively little prior empirical research exists on whether users perceive that the technological benefits of the tablet PC meet their business needs. Thus we are lifting the lid and looking inside the black box of tablet PC use to attempt to better understand what affects the acceptance and use of the tablet PC in the corporate world. To gain rich insights into how these computing devices are used in the corporate environment, we collected qualitative data at several corporate sites in a range of industries, including medical, education, publishing, and retail. Each organization selected a group of individuals to use the tablet PC as their primary personal computing device for three months or longer. Each study participant was trained on how to use the device, and technical support was provided to the users throughout the study. Participants shared their experiences with us during semistructured interviews. The interviews not only gave us the opportunity to explore variables associated with technology acceptance in previous research, but also enabled new findings to emerge. This article reports the results of this research effort.
Evaluation of Autonomic Responses in Male Patients suffering with Chronic Pain using Valsalva Maneuver and Tilt Table Test.

Chronic pain is the most common cause of the disablement in the world. This study was conducted to understand the effects of chronic pain on autonomic responses by using Valsalva maneuver (VM) and Tilt Table Test (TTT). Fifty male patients having the pain of musculoskeletal origin with chronicity of > 6 months duration and severity of > 3 on visual analogue score were included in the study. The same numbers of age-sex matched controls were also selected. The blood pressure and ECG was recorded during VM and TTT. The Valsalva ratio and 30 : 15 ratio was calculated. During VM, there is significant decrease in the Valsalva ratio in the cases ( P < 0.05). During TTT, there is significant decrease in 30 : 15 ratio and significant increase in SBP in the cases ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, the Valsalva ratio in the cases are decreased indicating the decreased parasympathetic / increased sympathetic reactivity which is further supported by the decrease in 30 : 15 ratio observed during Tilt Table Test. The increase in SBP in cases also supports the shifting of sympathovagal balance towards the sympathetic side.
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

1 Resisted sprint training is performed in a horizontal direction, and involves similar 2 muscles, velocities and ranges of motion (ROM) to those of normal sprinting. 3 Generally, sleds are attached to the athletes via a lead (3m) and harness; the most 4 common attachment points are the shoulder or waist. At present, it is not known how 5 the different harness point’s impact on the kinematics and kinetics associated with 6 sled towing (ST). The aim of the current investigation was to examine the kinetics 7 and kinematics of shoulder and waist harness attachment points in relation to the 8 acceleration phase of ST. Fourteen trained males completed normal and ST trials, 9 loaded at 10% reduction of sprint velocity. Sagittal plane kinematics from the trunk, 10 hip, knee and ankle were measured, together with stance phase kinetics (third foot-11 strike). Kinetic and kinematic parameters were compared between harness 12 attachments using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. The results 13 indicated that various kinetic differences were present between the normal and ST 14 conditions. Significantly greater net horizontal mean force, net horizontal impulses, 15 propulsive mean force and propulsive impulses were measured (p>0.05). 16 Interestingly, the waist harness also led to greater net horizontal impulse when 17 compared to the shoulder attachment (p = 0.000). In kinematic terms, ST conditions 18 significantly increased peak flexion in hip, knee and ankle joints compared to the 19 normal trials (p<0.05). Results highlighted that the shoulder harness had a greater 20 impact on trunk and knee joint kinematics when compared to the waist harness 21 (p<0.05). In summary, waist harnesses appear to be the most suitable attachment 22 point for the acceleration phase of sprinting. Sled towing with these attachments 23 resulted in fewer kinematic alterations and greater net horizontal impulse when
A Systematic Literature Review of Software Defect Prediction: Research Trends, Datasets, Methods and Frameworks

Recent studies of software defect prediction typically produce datasets, methods and frameworks which allow software engineers to focus on development activities in terms of defect-prone code, thereby improving software quality and making better use of resources. Many software defect prediction datasets, methods and frameworks are published disparate and complex, thus a comprehensive picture of the current state of defect prediction research that exists is missing. This literature review aims to identify and analyze the research trends, datasets, methods and frameworks used in software defect prediction research betweeen 2000 and 2013. Based on the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 71 software defect prediction studies published between January 2000 and December 2013 were remained and selected to be investigated further. This literature review has been undertaken as a systematic literature review. Systematic literature review is defined as a process of identifying, assessing, and interpreting all available research evidence with the purpose to provide answers for specific research questions. Analysis of the selected primary studies revealed that current software defect prediction research focuses on five topics and trends: estimation, association, classification, clustering and dataset analysis. The total distribution of defect prediction methods is as follows. 77.46% of the research studies are related to classification methods, 14.08% of the studies focused on estimation methods, and 1.41% of the studies concerned on clustering and association methods. In addition, 64.79% of the research studies used public datasets and 35.21% of the research studies used private datasets. Nineteen different methods have been applied to predict software defects. From the nineteen methods, seven most applied methods in software defect prediction are identified. Researchers proposed some techniques for improving the accuracy of machine learning classifier for software defect prediction by ensembling some machine learning methods, by using boosting algorithm, by adding feature selection and by using parameter optimization for some classifiers. The results of this research also identified three frameworks that are highly cited and therefore influential in the software defect prediction field. They are Menzies et al. Framework, Lessmann et al. Framework, and Song et al. Framework.
Quantifying the infectiousness of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis towards sandflies

Mondal, Dinesh; Bern, Caryn; Ghosh, Debashis; Rashid, Masud; Molina, Ricardo; Chowdhury, Rajashree; Nath, Rupen; Ghosh, Prakash; Chapman, Lloyd; Alim, Abdul; +2 more. Bilbe, Graeme; Alvar, Jorge; (2018) Quantifying the infectiousness of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis towards sandflies. Clinical Infectious Diseases. ISSN 1058-4838 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy891 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm. ac.uk/4649793/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy891
Sera Anti-P53 Antibody Provides New Information Which Explains the Link Between Diabetes and Cancer

Introduction Abnormalities in glucose metabolism in diabetic patients may lead to an increased risk of certain cancers. Epidemiological studies and meta-analysis have shown that factors such as gender, age, obesity, and insulin resistance are related to cancer incidence. The anti-p53 antibody is a known cancer marker due to tumor-associated p53 accumulation. Many studies have aimed to unravel the link between diabetes and cancer. Here, we aimed to elucidate the impact of diabetes on malignancies by analyzing anti-p53 antibody in sera of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods We conducted an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 149 subjects comprised of 78 T2DM patients (32 with cancer risk and 46 subjects without cancer risk), 51 T2DM patients with cancer, and 20 healthy subjects as controls from multisites. The anti-p53 antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while HbA1c was measured using the NGSP standardized method. Results We observed an 8.3-fold (p<0.05) increase of anti-p53 antibody in the sera of T2DM patients and a 24-fold increase (p<0.001) in T2DM patients with cancer compared to healthy subjects. The anti-p53 antibodies significantly increased almost three times (p<0.05) in T2DM patients with cancer (0.72 U/mL±0.20) compared to T2DM patients (0.25 U/mL±0.05). Meanwhile, this antibody was almost undetectable in healthy subjects as a control group (0.03 U/mL±0.03). The anti-p53 antibody level was higher in T2DM with cancer risk patients. However, we did not find a significant difference for it in T2DM without cancer risk patients (0.19 U/mL±0.03) and T2DM with cancer risk patients (0.29 U/mL±0.08). Multivariate regression analysis showed that T2DM with cancer was the only one independent factor (beta=0.218, p=0.019) that could predict the increase of anti-p53 antibody, controlled by age, gender, BMI, DM duration, and HbA1c. Conclusion Our results showed that anti-p53 antibody almost not detected in healthy subjects, but 8.3-fold increase in the sera of T2DM patients and 24-fold increase in T2DM patients with cancer. Therefore, this biomarker provides new information which explains the link between diabetes and cancer.
Transmission of Acceleration from a Synchronous Vibration Exercise Platform to the Head

Abstract Exercise vibration platforms are becoming commonplace in homes and fitness centers. However, excessive mechanical energy transferred to the head and eye can cause injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how changes in platform frequency and knee flexion angle affect acceleration transmission to the head. Participants (N=12) stood on a whole-body vibration platform with knee flexion angles of 0°, 20°, and 40° to evaluate how changes in knee flexion affected head acceleration. 7 specific platform frequencies were tested between 20–50 Hz at 2 peak-to-peak displacement settings (1 and 2 mm nominal). Accelerations were measured with triaxial accelerometers at the platform and head to generate transmissibility ratios. Platform-to-head transmissibility was not significantly different between the 2 platform peak-to-peak amplitudes (P>0.05). Transmissibility measures varied depending on platform frequency and knee angle (P < 0.05). Flexing the knees resulted in reduced head transmissibility at all frequencies (P<0.05). Platform-to-head transmissibility values exceeded 1.0 at both 20 and 25 Hz platform vibration frequencies with the knees in full extension. To reduce the risk of injury to structures of the head during vibration exercise, using platforms frequencies below 30 Hz with small knee flexion angles (< 40°) should be avoided.
Overriding FUS autoregulation in mice triggers gain-of-toxic 1 dysfunctions in RNA metabolism and autophagy-lysosome axis 2 3

3 Shuo-Chien Ling, Somasish Ghosh Dastidar, Seiya Tokunaga, Wan Yun Ho, 4 Kenneth Lim, Hristelina Ilieva, Philippe A. Parone, Sheue-Houy Tyan, Tsemay M. 5 Tse, Jer-Cherng, Chang, Oleksandr Platoshyn, Ngoc B. Bui, Anh Bui, Anne Vetto, 6 Shuying Sun, Melissa McAlonis-Downes, Joo Seok Han, Debbie Swing, 7 Katannya Kapeli, Gene W. Yeo, Lino Tessarollo, Martin Marsala, Christopher E. 8 Shaw, Greg Tucker-Kellogg, Albert R. La Spada, Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne, 9 Sandrine Da Cruz, and Don W. Cleveland 10 11 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 12 Department of Neurosciences, Department of Anesthesiology, and Sanford Consortium 13 for Regenerative Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 14 Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute – Frederick, Frederick, MD, 15 21702, USA 16 United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience 17 Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 18 9NU London, U.K. 19 Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 20 Department of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, 21 Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore 22 Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 23 Current Address: Saint Luke's Neurological Institute, Neuromuscular Division, Kansas City, 24 Missouri, USA 25 Current Address: Fate Therapeutics, 3535 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA 9212, 26 USA 27 Current Address: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 28 21205, USA 29 Current Address: Neuracle Genetics, Seoul 02841, Korea 30 Current Address: Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, and the Duke 31 Center for Neurodegeneration & Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, 32 Durham, NC 27710, USA 33 Current Address: Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 34 MA 02129, USA. 35 To whom correspondence should be addressed: phsling@nus.edu. sg (SCL) and 36 dcleveland@ucsd.edu (DWC) 37