Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of risk factors in MTCT among HIV-seropositive pregnant women in selected centers in Akure, South Western Nigeria

Background: The burden of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains a major challenge in Nigeria, the country ranks highest globally. About 10% of global HIV-infected individuals live in Nigeria, of which 58% are women. The study analyzed risk and cofactors of MTCT in healthcare centers of Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, between November 2014 and April 2016. Methods: A total of 240 pregnant women aged 19–43 years were recruited for the study, 114 HIV-seropositive mean age 31.81 years and 126 HIV-seronegative mean age 29.05 years as controls. High vaginal sawbs, breast milk, oropharynx, and neonates' nares were collected using sterile cotton-tipped applicator and introducing each into thioglycollate fluid medium for growth. Bacterial isolates were characterized by the standard microbiological methods and API kits. HIV serostatus of each participant was determined by HIV-1/2 strip and confirmed by Abbott enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure. Sexually transmitted infections were detected by the enzyme immunoassays using commercial kits. Results: A total of 2,148 bacterial isolates were recovered from both cohorts (911 from HIV-seropositive, 864 HIV-seronegative, and 373 from neonates' nares). Predominant pathogens recovered were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and diverse corynebacteria as commensals. Coinfection of HIV with other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) was prominent. About 92.1% of patients received combination ART. Neonates mortality rate was 10.5 and 7.8% mothers were potential transmitters. Spontaneous vaginal delivery accounted 91.7% deliveries. Conclusion: Incidence of STDs among HIV-seropositive was 77.5 and 22.5% for HIV-seronegative. Incidence of spontaneous vaginal delivery was 91.7% in HIV-seropositive women and 10.5% mortality rate recorded for neonates and 7.8% transmission for mothers posed high risk of MTCT, which is epidemiological significant.
Fragilidade em idosos da zona rural: proposta de algoritmo de cuidados

Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar algoritmo de cuidados para Sindrome de Fragilidade no Idoso. Metodos: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, com delineamento de corte transversal, com 820 pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, residentes na zona rural do Municipio de Pelotas/Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu no periodo de julho a outubro de 2014, com uso de um formulario semiestruturado. Para avaliar a fragilidade utilizou-se o instrumento autorreferido obtido por meio de informacoes relatadas pelo [. ]
Video-urodynamic Improvement of Trigonal BTX-A Injection for Patients with Poor Bladder Compliance Secondary to Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To evaluate video-urodynamic improvement for trigonal BTX-A injection in patients with neurological poor bladder compliance. Methods: 68 consecutive inpatients with poor bladder compliance secondary to spinal cord injury(SCI) received trigonal injections of BTX-A(300U) into the bladder from June 2014 to February 2017. All were evaluated video-urodynamic outcome included detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP), bladder compliance (BC) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) at baseline and 12 weeks post-injection. Results: all outcomes improved significantly compared to baseline. The improvement percentage of DLPP (44.36%) and BC(77.13%). No patient developed unilateral or bilateral VUR. Conclusions: Trigone-including BTX-A injection is safe and effective as the treatment for low BC and does not induce VUR.
FIRST WEEK OF LIFE Colostrum Feeding

Purpose: Published literature regarding calf nutrition was reviewed to create an information base for the implementation of proper nutritional management to maximize health and productivity. Sources: The main source of data and information for this review was peer-reviewed literature. Synthesis: Feeding a sufficient volume of colostrum during the first hours of life is crucial to calf health and survival; however, less is known about transition milk feeding and the potential benefits of the myriad of bioactive compounds it contains. After feeding colostrum and transition milk, calves are susceptible to diarrhea when moved onto high amounts of milk, and antibiotic use is often necessary to decrease disease. Feeding an elevated plane of milk nutrition results in increased ADG and, in some studies, increased future milk production. Thus, this nutritional strategy is recommended; however, weaning calves from high volumes of milk represents massive changes in the structure and microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions and Applications: Colostrum and transition milk contain an abundance of bioactive molecules that can positively affect gut development and microbiota. There is significant potential for the use of novel feeding strategies and microbial-based products as alternatives to antibiotics. Calves fed an elevated plane of nutrition in the first month of life have greater productivity and growth. However, weaning should take place later in life. Moreover, applying a proper step-down feeding protocol is recommended, as it allows calves to intake and digest sufficient solid feed for growth and minimize distress at
The Effect of G-Max and G-Med Muscles Fatigue on Functional Performance and Balance in Athletes with and without Chronic Ankle Instability

Background: Previous studies have reported that athletes with chronic ankle instability have altered gluteal muscles activation; however: there has not been an investigation that study the eﬀect of hip musculature fatigue on ankle functional performance. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to study the eﬀect of gluteal muscles fatigue on functional performance testing and balance in athletes with and without chronic ankle instability. Methods: In this semiexperimental study, we recruited 24 physically active participants. We separated the participants into 2 groups: 12 female with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and 12 control subjects. We applied gluteal muscles fatigue protocol and immediately after that functional performance tests were measured. Results: Our results showed that, the diﬀerence in the scores of ﬁgure 8 tests was signiﬁcant but there were no signiﬁcant dif-ferences between groups. Also, scores of side hop test were signiﬁcantly diﬀerent after fatigue, and signiﬁcant diﬀerences existed between groups. 6-meters cross test had similar results to ﬁgure 8, and the square test had similar results to side hop test. The dif-ference in results of Romberg test scores for assessment of static balance and Y-test scores for assessment of dynamic balance were signiﬁcant in after fatigue protocol, with no signiﬁcant diﬀerences between groups. Conclusions: Theresultsshowedthathipmusclesfatigueincreasedthetimeof allfunctionalperformancetests,buttwotestscores had signiﬁcant diﬀerences between groups, so gluteal fatigue should be considered as a risk factor for recurrent ankle sprains.
Injury Surveillance in Elite New Zealand Track Cyclists

introduction: Injury surveillance is an essential component of elite sport. Little data is available on injury rates in track cyclists, with the majority of cycling research focussed on road cycling, and suggesting cyclists are at highest risk of overuse knee, back and neck injuries, and acute injuries involving the shoulder/clavicle, lower back and knee. Aim: To establish the baseline incidence and prevalence of injury, and its effect on training and competition for elite New Zealand track-cyclists. study Design: Prospective, longitudinal study setting: The “Home of Cycling”, Avantidrome, Cambridge Participants: 33 members of Cycling New Zealand’s elite track squad, comprising 17 males (mean 22.71, SD: 4.45), and 16 females (mean 21.5, SD: 4.82). Interventions: Participants completed two baseline questionnaires detailing current and past injury status, current training volume, and other baseline characteristics, then completed a weekly online self-reporting injury survey for 52 consecutive weeks. Outcome measures were injury incidence and prevalence, with breakdown for gender and squad Results: Mean compliance for survey completion for the duration of the study was 75.41% (SD 14.8). 64% of participants sustained an injury, with the most common injuries seen in the lower back, hip/buttock region, and the knee. Injury Incidence was 4.9 injuries per 1000 training and competition exposures. For all injuries sustained (53 body parts injured from 44 events), the injury incidence was 5.9 per 1000 exposures. Injury prevalence for the 52 week study was 11%. Point prevalence ranged from one injury per four-week block to seven (mean 3.38, SD 1.80). Further analysis of results reviewed injury location, nature, and effect on training. No significant relationships were found between new injury and squad, gender, previous injury, years in sport, nor between new injuries, injury frequency, or number of treatments. Conclusions: 64% of participants sustained an injury during the period of the study, with the lower back, hip/ buttock region, and knee injured most. However, injury incidence and prevalence was low with rapid return to training and competition. Further research with greater detail around the intensity, nature and load of specific training sessions is required.
Some metrological aspects of measurements of quantitative characteristics during a hypoxic training of elite rowers

The experimental research on the effects of the training model “living high, training high” would demand metrological support for the equipment and procedures required to measure three groups of indicators: training intensity, changes in the biological indicators, and degree of hypoxia. Sixteen athletes from the men’s Bulgarian national rowing team, with an average age of 18.7 years, took part in this study. They completed a three-week training camp at 2100 m above sea level at the Belmeken National Sports Base. Seven days before (T1), at the end (T2), and on the 7th (T3) and 18th day (T4) after the training camp each participant performed an incremental test – 4 stages x 40W apart x 3min with 30sec rest periods on a rowing ergometer. Before the tests, venous blood samples were obtained for analysis of: hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cells count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), reticulocytes (Ret‰), white blood cells (WBC), platelets (Plt), iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and total plasma protein (PP). The Hb increased significantly with 8.5 g/L, as well as Hct with 0.03 and RBC with 0.39 T/L at the end of the high-altitude training camp (T2). In addition, the Hb-independent parameters PP and Plt also increased significantly in T2. However, one week after training camp (T3), all of these parameters returned to their initial levels and remained unchanged even one week later (T4). We described an equation for resolving the metrological problem with the measurement of real hemoglobin changes during the “living high, training high” training model.
Linear Transmit Precoding with Optimized Dithering

Implementation of 1-bit Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at base station (BS) antennas reduces power consumption and hardware complexity for a downlink massive MIMO system while introducing non-linear impairments in the transmitted signal. Through low complexity quantized linear precoding at the BS it is possible to mitigate detrimental effects of these impairments on the received signal. For a small number of users, however, quantization noise components across BS antennas become highly correlated, deteriorating per-user performance severely. In this paper, we improve performance and reduce correlation among quantization noise components by adding colored dither to the signal before DAC. Using the Bussgang decomposition up to the third order harmonics, we estimate the closed form asymptotic expression for per-user signal to quantization, interference and noise ratio (SQINR) of the received signal as a function of the dither power. We evaluate optimum dither power by maximizing SQINR.
Pilot study evaluation of suicide prevention gatekeeper training utilising STORM in a British university setting

ABSTRACT Recent years have seen increasing awareness of the wide range of mental health problems faced by students. Gatekeeper training has been shown to have a positive impact on knowledge and attitudes about suicide prevention, although the evidence for skills acquisition is limited. We utilised the STORM® training package in an exploratory study to determine explore whether skills training could be successfully implemented in an educational establishment in the United Kingdom. In a pilot study assessing competence before and after the intervention there was evidence of acquisition of skills, improved attitudes and increased confidence. Further research should include a randomised controlled trial of such training.
An Experimental Study of Tick Paralysis in Australia

1. Tick paralysis occurs in man, the dog, and other domesticated animals on the East Coast of Australia. 2. As far as is known, the disease in Australia is only conveyed by the mature female of Ixodes holocyclus. The immature stages and the male of this species of ticks are non-pathogenic. 3. A similar disease, induced in a like manner by females of other species of ticks, has been observed by various authors in South Africa, Canada and Crete. 4. A single tick, as shown by experiment, may cause fatal paralysis in man and the dog in Australia, the death-rate in dogs being very high. 5. The main symptoms of tick paralysis in Australia do not differ materially from those observed in other countries. They begin with loss of coordination commencing in the hind legs in dogs, the fore legs, head and neck becoming subsequently affected. Death in all cases appears to be due to respiratory paralysis. 6. The onset of symptoms has not been observed to occur in less than 5 days from the time the tick or ticks have attached themselves to a dog. 7. Some of the ticks do not produce paralysis and others do, as shown repeatedly from my experiments on dogs. This requires explanation. It does not depend on the time that has elapsed between the tick having moulted and its attacking the dog. 8. Paralysis has never been seen to occur when ticks were removed from dogs before the time when symptoms usually appear. 9. It is impossible to transmit the disease from affected to healthy animals by the inoculation of blood, cerebro-spinal fluid or nervous tissue. Nor can the disease be transmitted by the injection of the body contents of ticks removed from affected animals. The examination of the fluids and organs of affected animals has failed to reveal the presence of pathogenic organisms. 10. It is considered that the causal factor in the production of the disease is a tick-derived toxin, this toxin being secreted by the salivary glands. 11. During the process of engorgement the salivary glands develop greatly, pouring out a maximum amount of secretion during the 2 days before the female tick drops. 12. An emulsion of salivary glands of I. holocyclus proved to be toxic for when injected into a dog (Experiment V, p. 424) it caused fever, vomiting, etc. The salivary secretion contains anticoagulins. As Nuttall and Strickland found for anticoagulins, individual ticks may vary in toxicity. 13. The period which elapses between the attachment of a tick to the host and the first signs of an attack of tick paralysis cannot be regarded in the light of an incubation period; it is dependent on the rate and stage of the tick's engorgement. 14. If it be accepted that the causal agent of the disease is a tick-derived toxin, it remains to be shown how such a toxin is produced. 15. There is some evidence that immunity to the disease may be acquired after recovering from previous attacks. 16. There is no evidence of season having an influence on tick paralysis. It was induced experimentally both in winter (June–August) and summer (November–December) in Sydney.
Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO: A Semiblind Algorithm Exploiting QAM Structure

We introduce a new channel matrix estimation algorithm for Massive MIMO systems to reduce the required pilot symbols. The proposed method is based on Maximum A Posteriori estimation where the density of QAM transmission symbols are approximated with continuous uniform pdf. Under this simplification, joint channel source estimation problem can be posed as an optimization problem whose objective is quadratic in each channel and source symbol matrices, separately. Also, the source symbols are constrained to lie in an ℓ∞-norm ball. The resulting framework serves as the channel estimation counterpart of the recently introduced compressed training based adaptive equalization framework. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces the required pilot length to achieve desired bit error rate performance.
Acetylcholine stored in dendritic cells plays a role in the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into a Th1 phenotype

Immune cells, particularly dendritic cells (DC), express choline acetyltransferase, an enzyme essential for the production of acetylcholine (ACh); thus, DC appear to store ACh. However, the immunological role of intracytoplasmic ACh within DC is largely unknown.
Ingenol Mebutate 0.06% Gel for Field Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on 250 cm2 of Skin on Trunk and Extremities: A Randomized Dose-Finding Trial

Background: Field treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) can eradicate clinical and sub-clinical lesions; treatments for extended skin areas are required. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial (NCT01998984) evaluated ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) 0.06% gel for AK treatment over extended areas. Adults with 5–20 AK lesions within a 250 cm 2 area of skin on the trunk (except chest) or extremities were randomized to: 2 days vehicle, 2 days IngMeb (2D, n=55); 1 day vehicle, 3 days IngMeb (3D, n=59); 4 days IngMeb (4D, n=49); or 4 days vehicle (n=61). Week 8 primary endpoint was complete clearance of AK lesions; secondary endpoints included reduction in AK count and partial clearance. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and local skin responses (LSRs) assessed. A hierarchical testing scheme, starting with 3D versus vehicle, was used. Results: In total, 224 patients were randomized. At Week 8, for 2D, 3D, 4D, and vehicle groups, complete clearance rates were 12.7%, 5.1%, 26.8%, and 0.0% (3D vs. vehicle, p=0.18); reductions in AK count were 63.0%, 66.8%, 73.6%, and 11.9%, respectively. LSR scores peaked at Day 5 (3D and 4D), and Days 5 and 10 (2D). Application-site pain and pruritus were common AEs. Of 15 neoplasm AEs, 14 were designated keratoacanthomas and one squamous cell carcinoma by central pathological review. The 4D group was closed based on pre-defined criteria. Conclusions: All three regimens were effective at reducing AK count on trunk/extremities. The 4D treatment was not well tolerated. Complete clearance was not significantly different to vehicle.
Multilevel Checkpoint/Restart for Large Computational Jobs on Distributed Computing Resources

New generations of high-performance computing applications depend on an increasing number of components to satisfy their growing demand for computation. On such large systems, the execution of long-running jobs is more likely affected by component failures. Failure classes vary from frequent transient memory faults to rather rare correlated node errors. Multilevel checkpoint/restart has been introduced to proactively cope with failures at different levels. Writing checkpoints on slower stable devices, which survive fatal failures, causes more overhead than writing them on fast devices (main memory or local SSD), which, however, only protect against light faults. Given a graph of the components of a particular storage hierarchy mapping their fault-domains and their expected mean time to failure (MTTF), we optimize the checkpoint frequencies for each level of the storage hierarchy (multilevel checkpointing) to minimize the overhead and runtime of a given job. We reduce the checkpoint/restart overhead of large data-intensive jobs compared to state-of-the-art solutions on multilevel checkpointing by up to 10 percent in the investigated cases. The improvement increases further with growing checkpoint sizes.
Resilience Analysis of Software-Defined Networks Using Queueing Networks

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) are being adopted widely and are also likely to be deployed as the infrastructure of systems with critical real-time properties such as Industrial Control Systems (ICS). This raises the question of what security and performance guarantees can be given for the data plane of such critical systems and whether any control plane actions will adversely affect these guarantees, particularly for quality of service in real-time systems. In this paper we study the existing literature on the analysis of SDN using queueing networks and show ways in which models need to be extended to study attacks that are based on arrival rates and service time distributions of flows in SDN.
Triple Jump. An Alternative to be Consider For Assessing Compliance with Goals in Graduate Programs

Ensuring quality in graduate teaching is a guarantee of the competitiveness demonstrated by institutions. The aim of this study was to determine the internal consistency and reliability of the Triple Jump (TJ) instrument applied to Master's and Doctorate students in Medical Sciences to assess compliance of goals. Reliability study conducted at Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. TJ was applied by 3 evaluators who performed 2 evaluations, with structured assessment guidelines in three domains (cognitive, att itudinal and procedural), on a Likert scale with scores from 0 (not achieved) to 4 (achieved). The total point score was transformed int o a final grade. The evaluated subjects were characterized, and internal consistency and interobserver reliability were determined. Fifty-one He alth care professionals enrolled in Medical Sciences graduate programs at the Universidad de La Frontera between 2005-2016 (35 from the M aster ’s program and 16 from the Doctorate in Medical Sciences). In study subjects had a median age of 29 years, 6 years of professional exp rience and 3 years as specialists. 66.7 % were male. The internal consistency of the responses to the assessment was characterized by Cronbach’s between 0.734 and 0.938. Interobserver reliability of the instrument had values between 0.86 and 1.0. The levels of internal co nsiste cy and reliability were higher than previously reported; therefore, the test is reliable and exhibits solid internal consistency.
A Common Recursive Form for Multiple Fundamental Arithmetic Operators and its Automated Synthesis

The common recursive structure of a number of basic arithmetic operators is investigated. Previously, it was shown that fully combinational leading-digit N-bit detector circuits could be generated with a simple dyadic tree recursive structure having minimal complexity, regular and low fan-in and fan-out and log2(N) stages of delay for all outputs. Here, we show that this recursive structure is shared by many common arithmetic functions, including comparison, incrementation, decrementation, and fast parallel-prefix adder. This enables said functions to be described simply and parametrically in VHDL or Verilog using structural recursion. The commonality can also be leveraged to design multi-function circuits which are advantageous compared to separate operators chosen through multiplexers in, e.g., arithmetic-logic units. Preliminary synthesis results for both FPGA and digital CMOS are provided in order to characterize said benefits. This type of multifunction circuit could be employed in the design of fast, low-complexity arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) inside microprocessors, digital signal processors, or application-specific system-on-chip (SoC) designs.