Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The MUSE Atlas of Disks (MAD): resolving star formation rates and gas metallicities on <100 pc scales†

We study the physical properties of the ionized gas in local disks using the sample of 38 nearby ∼108.5 − 11.2M⊙ Star-Forming Main Sequence (SFMS) galaxies observed so far as part of the MUSE Atlas of Disks (MAD). Specifically, we use all strong emission lines in the MUSE wavelength range 4650-9300 A to investigate the resolved ionized gas properties on ∼ 100 pc scales. This spatial resolution enables us to disentangle H ii regions from the Diffuse Ionized Gas (DIG) in the computation of gas metallicities and Star Formation Rates (SFRs) of star forming regions. The gas metallicities generally decrease with radius. The metallicity of the H ii regions is on average ∼0.1 dex higher than that of the DIG, but the metallicity radial gradient in both components is similar. The mean metallicities within the inner galaxy cores correlate with the total stellar mass of the galaxies. On our < 100 pc scales, we find two correlations previously reported at kpc scales: a spatially resolved Mass-Metallicity Relation (RMZR) and a spatially resolved SFMS (RSFMS). We find no secondary dependency of the RMZR with the SFR density. We find that both resolved relations have a local origin, as they do not depend on the total stellar mass. The observational results of this paper are consistent with the inside-out scenario for the growth of galactic disks.
The momentum budget of clustered supernova feedback in a 3D, magnetized medium

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through grants AST1405962 (ESG and MRK), AST-1229745 (PM), and DGE-1339067 (ESG), by the Australian Research Council through grant ARC DP160100695 (MRK), and by NASA through grant NNX12AF87G (PM). This research was undertaken with assistance of resources and services from the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI), which is supported by the Australian Government. MRK thanks the Simons Foundation, which contributed to this work through its support for the Simons Symposium ‘Galactic Superwinds: Beyond Phenomenology’. PM thanks the Prefecture of the Ile-de-France Region for the award of a Blaise Pascal International Research Chair, managed by the Fondation de l’Ecole Normale Superieure. AL acknowledges support from the European Research Council (Project No. 614199 ‘BLACK’; Project No. 740120 ‘INTERSTELLAR’).
Explaining the challenges of hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients from the perspective of managers (a qualitative study)

BACKGROUND: Crises are often unavoidable events that occur around the world. Hospitals play an important role in treating patients and preventing extensive injuries in times of crisis, requiring adequate preparedness. In order to design a proper planning system, it is essential to be aware of the challenges of hospitals during a crisis. The purpose of this study was to explain the challenges of hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients in the city of Mashhad, Iran, from the perspective of their managers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study employed a qualitative approach, using the method of conventional content analysis and was conducted from May to July 2020. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit the senior managers of hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients in Mashhad. The interviews were conducted face to face, with open-ended questions following an interview guide based on semi-structured questions, and continued until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using Atlas Ti software. RESULTS: After the implementation of the interviews, first 665 initial codes were extracted from the data, and after removing the overlapping sequences, a total of 115 codes were obtained. Three categories (organizational challenges, extra organizational challenges, and challenges related to information domain), 13 sub-categories, and 33 codes were extracted from the content analysis of the interviews. The main themes propounded in the field of challenges of COVID-19 referral hospitals in Mashhad were organizational challenges, extra organizational challenges, and information domain challenges. DISCUSSION: The results of this study showed that the hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients in Mashhad faced many challenges. To improve the quality of services in postcrisis phase, replacing hospitals' equipment, revising curriculums at medical universities, staff retraining, recruiting skilled human resources, and creating a supportive community context are necessary. CONCLUSION: For sure, the COVID-19 crisis will not be the last one, we have to be prepared for the bigger health crisis.
Extracting maximum power from active colloidal heat engines

Colloidal heat engines extract power out of a fluctuating bath by manipulating a confined tracer. Considering a self-propelled tracer surrounded by a bath of passive colloids, we optimize the engine performances based on the maximum available power. Our approach relies on an adiabatic mean-field treatment of the bath particles which reduces the many-body description into an effective tracer dynamics. It leads us to reveal that, when operated at constant activity, an engine can only produce less maximum power than its passive counterpart. In contrast, the output power of an isothermal engine, operating with cyclic variations of the self-propulsion without any passive equivalent, exhibits an optimum in terms of confinement and activity. Direct numerical simulations of the microscopic dynamics support the validity of these results even beyond the mean-field regime, with potential relevance to the design of experimental engines.
No chaos in brane-world cosmology

We discuss the asymptotic dynamical evolution of spatially homogeneous brane-world cosmological models close to the initial singularity. We find that generically the cosmological singularity is isotropic in Bianchi type IX brane-world models and consequently these models do not exhibit Mixmaster or chaotic-like behaviour close to the initial singularity. We argue that this is typical of more general cosmological models in the brane-world scenario. In particular, we show that an isotropic singularity is a past-attractor in all orthogonal Bianchi models and is a local past-attractor in a class of inhomogeneous brane-world models.
Signatures of two-dimensionalisation of 3D turbulence in the presence of rotation

A reason has been given for the inverse energy cascade in the two-dimensionalised rapidly rotating 3D incompressible turbulence. For such system, the literature shows a possibility for the wave number exponent in the energy spectrum's relation to lie between −2 and −3. We argue the existence of a stricter range of −2 to −7/3 for the exponent in the case of rapidly rotating turbulence which is in accordance with the recent experiments. Also, a derivation for the two-point third-order structure function has been provided helping one to argue that even with slow rotation one gets, though dominated, a spectrum with the exponent −2.87, thereby hinting at the initiation of the two-dimensionalisation effect with rotation.
Effect of cooling strategies on milk production, physiological variables and blood profile during hot-dry and hot-humid summer in Sahiwal cattle

The present experiment was undertaken to study the effect of misting and splashing during hot-dry and hothumid months in lactating Sahiwal cattle. The study was conducted during May, June (hot-dry) and July (hothumid) with monthly average temperature-humidity index (THI) of 79.88, 80.57 and 85.36, respectively. Eighteen lactating cattle were selected on the basis of days in milk, milk yield, and parity and then divided into three groups: control (no cooling), cooling by misting and cooling by splashing. Milk production was not affected by hot-dry and hot-humid heat stress in Sahiwal cattle. RT and RR were significantly lower in misting and splashing group as compared to control during hot-dry period. The heat stress-induced leucocytosis, lymphocytopenia and neutrophilia were significantly ameliorated by both misting and splashing during the study period. Heat stress-induced alterations in serum creatinine, sodium and ROS concentration were significantly mitigated by misting in hot-humid climate. The prolactin level significantly decreased in animals by misting during the study period. The results suggested that misting was more efficient than splashing as a cooling strategy in hot dry condition while splashing was more effective in hot-humid condition and mitigated the heat stress-induced alterations in different welfare parameters but could not fully nullify it. However, the resultant stress was not sufficient enough to decrease the milk yield in Sahiwal cattle. It may also be concluded that the Sahiwal cattle have high heat tolerance and could sustain production even in a hot-dry and hot-humid environment.
Charge, orbital, and magnetic ordering in La0.5 Ca0.5 MnO3s

The unusual magnetic properties of La0.5Ca0. 5MnO3 were found to be associated with structural and magnetic ordering phenomena, resulting from the close interplay between charge, orbital, and magnetic ordering. Analysis of synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction data indicates that the anomalous and hysteretic behavior of the lattice parameters occurring between Tc∼225 K and TN∼ 155 K is due to the development of a Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortion of the MnO6 octahedra, the dz 2 orbitals being oriented perpendicular to the orthorhombic b axis. We observed an unusual broadening of the x-ray Bragg reflections throughout this temperature region, suggesting that this process occurs in stages. Below TN, the development of well-defined satellite peaks in the x-ray patterns, associated with a transverse modulation with q = [l/2-e,0,0], indicates that quasicommensurate (e∼0) orbital ordering occurs within the a-c plane as well. The basic structural features of the charge-ordered low-temperature phase were determined from these satellite peaks. The low-temperature magnetic structure is characterized by systematic broadening of the magnetic peaks associated with the "Mn+3" magnetic sublattice. This phenomenon can be explained by the presence of magnetic domain boundaries, which break the coherence of the spin ordering on the Mn+3 sites while preserving the coherence of the spin ordering on the Mn+4 sublattice as well as the identity of the two sublattices. The striking resemblance between these structures and the structural "charge ordering" and "discommensuration" domain boundaries, which were recently observed by electron diffraction and real-space imaging, strongly suggests that these two types of structures are the same and implies that, in this system, commensurate long-range charge ordering coexists with quasicommensurate orbital ordering.
Automated Swirl Detection Algorithm (ASDA) and Its Application to Simulation and Observational Data

Swirling motions in the solar atmosphere have been widely observed in recent years and suggested to play a key role in channeling energy from the photosphere into the corona. Here, we present a newly developed Automated Swirl Detection Algorithm (ASDA) and discuss its applications. ASDA is found to be very proficient at detecting swirls in a variety of synthetic data with various levels of noise, implying our subsequent scientific results are astute. Applying ASDA to photospheric observations with a pixel size of 39.2 km sampled by the Solar Optical Telescope on board Hinode suggests a total number of 1.62 × 105 swirls in the photosphere, with an average radius and rotating speed of ∼290 km and <1.0 km s−1, respectively. Comparisons between swirls detected in Bifrost numerical MHD simulations and both ground-based and space-borne observations suggest that (1) the spatial resolution of data plays a vital role in the total number and radii of swirls detected, and (2) noise introduced by seeing effects could decrease the detection rate of swirls, but has no significant influences in determining their inferred properties. All results have shown that there is no significant difference in the analyzed properties between counterclockwise or clockwise rotating swirls. About 70% of swirls are located in intergranular lanes. Most of the swirls have lifetimes of less than twice the cadences, meaning future research should aim to use data with much higher cadences than 6 s. In the conclusions, we propose some promising future research applications where ASDA may provide useful insight.
A SEA BASS on the Exoplanet HD 209458b

We present here the first application of Stellar and Exoplanetary Atmospheres Bayesian Analysis Simultaneous Spectroscopy (SEA BASS) on real data sets. SEA BASS is a scheme that enables the simultaneous derivation of four-coefficient stellar limb-darkening profiles, transit depths, and orbital parameters from exoplanetary transits at multiple wavelengths. It relies on the wavelength independence of the system geometry and on the reduced limb-darkening effect in the infrared. This approach has been introduced by Morello et al. (without the SEA BASS acronym), who discuss several tests on synthetic data sets. Here, we (1) improve on the original algorithm using multiple Spitzer/InfraRed Array Camera passbands and a more effective set of geometric parameters, (2) demonstrate its ability with Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph data sets by (3) measuring the HD 209458 stellar limb-darkening profile over multiple passbands in the 290–570 nm range with sufficient precision to rule out some theoretical models that have been adopted previously in the literature, and (4) simultaneously extracting the transmission spectrum of the exoplanet atmosphere. The higher photometric precision of the next-generation instruments, such as those on board the James Webb Space Telescope, will enable modeling the star–planet systems with unprecedented detail, and increase the importance of SEA BASS for avoiding the potential biases introduced by inaccurate stellar limb-darkening models.
Active galactic nuclei at high redshifts: properties and environment of Type 1 and 2 AGNs

Fil: Bornancini, Carlos Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Astronomia Teorica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Observatorio Astronomico de Cordoba. Instituto de Astronomia Teorica y Experimental; Argentina
An observational and cross-sectional study on prevalence of cognitive impairment and short-term changes in cognitive function after ischemic stroke in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Stroke is a leading cause physical and cognitive disability. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment (CI) after first-ever ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects with first-ever ischemic strokes, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were selected. Their clinic-diagnostic and comorbidity data were collected. Mini mental state examination (MMSE) was done after 3–7 days on each patient. MRI was used to ascertain the side, vascular territory, extent, and neural tissues (cortical/subcortical) involved. CIs were categorized as normal, mild, and moderate-to-severe according to MMSE scores ≥ 24, 18–23, and 0–17, respectively. Data were summarized as mean±standard deviation (SD) for numerical variables and counts and percentages for categorical variables. Results: (1) Elderly (61–70 years), male and higher educated patients were more prevalent, hypertension (HTN) was the most common comorbidity. (2) Subcortical, middle cerebral artery (MCA), and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) lesions and non-dominant side involvement were common. (3) 80% patients had CI (65% mild and 15% moderate-to-severe). (4) CI was the most common in patients aged 71–80 years, of lower educational status and having both diabetes and HTN. MCA territory strokes and non-dominant side involvement resulted in more moderate/severe CI. (5) Registration followed by recall was least affected whereas language and praxis were more affected domains. Conclusion: Post-stroke cognitive decline is more common in elderly population and patients with lower education. CI is more in people with HTN and DM and in people with MCA territory infarct. Language and praxis were the most affected domain of all.
Synchrotron Spectrum of Fast Cooling Electrons in GRBs

We discuss the synchrotron emission of fast cooling electrons in shocks. The fast cooling electrons behind the shocks can generate a position-dependent inhomogeneous electron distribution if they do not have enough time to mix homogeneously. This can lead to a very different synchrotron spectrum in low-frequency bands from that in the homogeneous case, due to the synchrotron absorption. In this paper, we calculate the synchrotron spectrum in the inhomogeneous case in a gamma-ray burst (GRB). Both the forward shock and the reverse shock are considered. We find that for the reverse shock dominated case, we would expect a “reverse shock bump” in the low-frequency spectrum. The spectral bump is due to the combination of synchrotron absorption in both the forward and reverse shock regions. In the low frequencies the forward shock spectrum has two unconventional segments, with spectral slopes of and 11/8. The slope of 11/8 has been found by some authors, while the slope of is new and due to the approximately constant electron temperature in the optically thick region. In the future, simultaneous observations in multiple bands (especially in the low-frequency bands) in the GRB early afterglow or prompt emission phases will possibly reveal these spectral characteristics and enable us to identify the reverse shock component and distinguish between the forward and reverse shock emissions. This also may be a method with which to diagnose the electron distribution status (homogeneous or inhomogeneous) after fast cooling in the relativistic shock region.
Re-evaluating Small and Medium Enterprises financial accessibility post COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria

Purpose — This paper re-examined financial accessibility for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria by considering the times we live occasioned by the pandemic.Method — The study adopts the cross-sectional survey research design. The primary data in this study were obtained via a questionnaire administered to 270 SMEs in Abia State, Nigeria, who had applied for credit from a bank within the last two years. The data were collected using a self-administered survey.Result — The study showed that collateral is still a significant determinant of access to credit, as an increase in the ability of SMEs to provide collateral will significantly impact their access to credit. SME size (SSIZE) was found to have a positive and significant effect on credit access, implying that large SMEs are better able to access credit. Though SME age (SAGE) had an insignificant effect on access to credit and Cost of Credit (CCR) was found to impair access to credit which is significant at 5%. This is in line with expectation as a high-interest rate will discourage SMEs from seeking credit from banks. Contribution — This study contributes to the emerging discourse on financial accessibility in Nigeria post COVID-19. It presented a useful insight into how the government, through its fiscal, monetary policy and direct intervention, could play a more active role in helping SMEs bounce back from the challenges brought in by the pandemic.
SOFT: a synthetic synchrotron diagnostic for runaway electrons

Improved understanding of the dynamics of runaway electrons can be obtained by measurement and interpretation of their synchrotron radiation emission. Models for synchrotron radiation emitted by relativistic electrons are well established, but the question of how various geometric effects—such as magnetic field inhomogeneity and camera placement—influence the synchrotron measurements and their interpretation remains open. In this paper we address this issue by simulating synchrotron images and spectra using the new synthetic synchrotron diagnostic tool SOFT (Synchrotron-detecting Orbit Following Toolkit). We identify the key parameters influencing the synchrotron radiation spot and present scans in those parameters. Using a runaway electron distribution function obtained by Fokker–Planck simulations for parameters from an Alcator C-Mod discharge, we demonstrate that the corresponding synchrotron image is well-reproduced by SOFT simulations, and we explain how it can be understood in terms of the parameter scans. Geometric effects are shown to significantly influence the synchrotron spectrum, and we show that inherent inconsistencies in a simple emission model (i.e. not modeling detection) can lead to incorrect interpretation of the images.
What sparks the radio-loud phase of nearby quasars?

To better constrain the hypotheses proposed to explain why only a few quasars are radio loud (RL), we compare the characteristics of 1958 nearby $(z\le 0.3)$ SDSS quasars, covered by the FIRST and NVSS radio surveys. Only 22\% are RL with $\log(L_{1.4{\rm GHz}}) \ge 22.5$ W Hz$^{-1}$, the majority being compact (C), weak radio sources (WRS), with $\log(L_{1.4{\rm GHz}}) < 24.5$ W Hz$^{-1}$. 15\% of the RL quasars have extended radio morphologies: 3\% have a core and a jet (J), 2\% have a core with one lobe (L), and 10\% have a core with two lobes (T), the majority being powerful radio sources (PRS), with $\log(L_{1.4{\rm GHz}}) \ge 24.5$ W Hz$^{-1}$. In general, RL quasars have higher bolometric luminosities and ionisation powers than radio quiet (RQ) quasars. The WRS have comparable black hole (BH) masses as the RQ quasars, but higher accretion rates or radiative efficiencies. The PRS have higher BH masses than the WRS, but comparable accretion rates or radiative efficiencies. The WRS also have higher $FWHM_{\rm [OIII]}$ than the PRS, consistent with a coupling of the spectral characteristics of the quasars with their radio morphologies. Inspecting the SDSS images and applying a neighbour search algorithm reveal no difference between the RQ and RL quasars of their host galaxies, environments, and interaction. Our results prompt the conjecture that the phenomenon that sparks the radio-loud phase in quasars is transient, intrinsic to the AGN, and stochastic, due to the chaotic nature of the accretion process of matter onto the BHs.
Taxonomic note on the species status of Epiophlebiadiana (Insecta, Odonata, Epiophlebiidae), including remarks on biogeography and possible species distribution

﻿Abstract The species included in the genus Epiophlebia Calvert, 1903 represent an exception within Recent lineages – they do not belong to either dragonflies (Anisoptera) nor damselflies (Zygoptera). Nowadays, the genus is solely known from the Asian continent. Due to their stenoecious lifestyle, representatives of Epiophlebia are found in often very small relict populations in Nepal, Bhutan, India, Vietnam, China, North Korea, and Japan. We here present a taxonomic re-evaluation on the species status of Epiophlebiadiana Carle, 2012, known from the Sichuan province in China, supplemented with a morphological character mapping on a genetic tree to highlight synapomorphies of E.diana and E.laidlawi Tillyard, 1921. We conclude that E.diana is a junior synonym of E.laidlawi. Furthermore, we discuss the Recent distribution of the group, allowing for predictions of new habitats of representatives of this group.