Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THREE PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS FOR SELECTING DROUGHT RESISTANT WHEAT GENOTYPES

Physiological traits are receiving increasing attention as screening tools for drought resistance. Two field experiments were conducted in 1998 at the Experimental Station of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University at Badjgah, to evaluate the effectiveness of leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and canopy temperature in screening resistant bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Nine wheat cultivars consisting of drought resistant, intermediate and susceptible genotypes were grown in two randomized complete block designs with three replications. The experiments only differed with respect to their irrigation regimes. Leaf water potentials and leaf osmotic potentials at three developmental stages -stem elongation, booting and flowering - under water stress conditions, and canopy temperature in non-stress conditions could discriminate between resistant and susceptible cultivars. Although the drought susceptibility index could partly discriminate between resistant and susceptible cultivars, it was not evaluated as a reliable index. The linear regression of grain yield on each trait was determined. The linear regressions of grain yield on leaf water potential; leaf osmotic potential and canopy temperature confirmed the above results.
The Role of Birds in Nutrient Cycling in a Northern Hardwoods Ecosystem

Birds collected from the forested watershed—ecosystems of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire were analyzed for Ca, N, P, S, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn. The nutrients bound in avain biomass (mg/ha) were calculated and compared to the nutrient budgets for these watersheds. Although birds contain but a tiny percentage of the standing crop of nutrients, they contribute to nutrient flux by removing small quantities of nutrients through losses during migration. Their impact on the turnover and distribution of nutrients within ecosystems is probably small but requires further study. See full-text article at JSTOR
Management of postoperative pain in ophthalmic plastic surgery: a major review

ABSTRACT Purpose Clinicians are becoming increasingly aware of the risks of opioid analgesics, and, consequently, are searching for alternatives to these agents. This review considers the existing literature regarding the management of pain after ophthalmic plastic surgery. Methods A literature search was performed through the PubMed database. Articles were assessed for relevance, and the appropriate data was extracted from the medical literature regarding pain management strategies after oculoplastic procedures. Results An emerging body of literature suggests the efficacy of a variety of non-narcotic agents in post-operative pain management. Many of these medications prevent the development of pain, and several have been studied in randomized trials. Specifically, pregabalin, ketorolac, acetaminophen, memantine, local anesthetics, and alternative therapies all have documented benefit in this setting. Conclusions Several medications may prevent and treat pain after ophthalmic plastic surgery. These agents are well-tolerated, and many decrease the requirement for opioid analgesics. Clinicians should be aware of these therapies when considering non-narcotic pain management.
Journal of Marketing

to-read style. Tabulations of survey results are kept to a minimum but included where needed. One chapter each is given to retail copy, fashion copy, mail-order selling, direct-mail or "remote control" selling, business-paper advertising, outdoor, and television; with two chapters devoted to writing for the ear. Many interesting developments in and possibilities of TV are considered. Copy research and the law on advertising copy are well handled in one chapter each. Six chapters distributed over the usual divisions of copy, text, headlines, and classifications of styles and procedures, make up the balance of the book. In your reviewer's opinion this is the best book published on the subject, and is recommended as a basic text for courses in copywriting, for collateral reading in the general advertising course, and for employed persons interested in advertising. PEARCE C. KELLEY University of Mississippi
Identifying Promising Messages to Increase Hurricane Mitigation Among Coastal Homeowners in the United States

Hurricanes threaten the physical and financial well‐being of coastal residents throughout the United States. Though hurricane‐related losses are largely avoidable through property mitigation (e.g., structural modifications to existing homes), few homeowners invest in mitigation. Communication campaigns, which have influenced risk‐related behaviors in other domains, hold promise for persuading coastal residents to engage in hurricane mitigation. The development of successful campaign messages relies, in part, on formative research to assess the potential influence of candidate message strategies. We present results from mixed‐methods, theory‐driven research to identify promising beliefs for persuading homeowners in coastal/coastal‐adjacent regions of Alabama and Florida to install a high wind–resistant (HWR) roof. In Study 1, we elicited homeowners’ (n = 74) salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about installing an HWR roof. Using established procedures, we content analyzed open‐ended responses and categorized them by thematic content. In Study 2, we surveyed another sample of homeowners (n = 533) to examine the extent to which salient beliefs/themes about installing an HWR roof (elicited in Study 1) are promising targets for a communication campaign, given their associations with homeowners’ intentions to retrofit. Results demonstrate that across elicited beliefs, common themes include the protection and property resilience reroofing affords, and anticipated expenses and financial barriers associated with reroofing. The most promising beliefs include behavioral beliefs that installing an HWR roof will protect oneself and one's family, and normative beliefs about the likelihood that one's family and community will install an HWR roof. We discuss the implications of findings for the development of hurricane mitigation messaging.
The food and feeding habits of young perch, Perca fluviatilis, in Windermere

SUMMARY. The food of 0+ perch, Perca fluviatilis L. has been investigated in Windermere, the largest lake in the English Lake District. Whole guts and stomachs from 800 fish were investigated during four 24-h periods between June and September in 1975 and in 1976. Ciliates, algae, rotifers and cyclopoid nauplii constituted the first food of larval perch in Windermere. Vertical samples were taken from the zooplankton, at the same time and in the same location where the fish were sampled, and the concentration of the different food organisms studied. Electivity of the different food organisms was studied from lvlev's index, which showed positive electivity, or selection for some organisms, e.g. Bosmina obtusirostris (Sars.) and copepods (both cyclopoid and calanoid), and negative for others such as Daphnia hyalina var. galeata (Sars.), Leptodora kindti (Focke) and Bythotrephes longimanus (Leydig). In studying predatorprey relationships, Daphnia hyalina was chosen as the ‘standard prey’, being the most abundant of all food organisms in the diet of young perch, also because its maximum body-depth (carapace width (mm)) was among the largest of the cladocera and copepods in Windermere. Comparison of the maximum carapace width of Daphnia eaten with that of the plankton revealed that smaller specimens were taken by juvenile perch in July, but they tended to select larger organisms during August and September.
The Bray-Curtis similarity index remains misidentified: Reply to Somerfield (2008)

Somerfield (2008, Mar Ecol Prog Ser 372:303–306) provides numerous reasons for refuting my contention that the Bray-Curtis (BC) similarity index is misidentified by some software programs. He argues that I confuse the pretreatment of data with the calculation of similarity, and ends with the assertion that software programs are not the problem. I argue that the pretreatment of data is ‘built into’ the BC index, and that software packages are a major source for propagation of the misidentified BC index. Much more importantly, I think that Somerfield’s arguments are peripheral to, and do not disprove, the key contention that the index in some software programs differs from the index described by Bray & Curtis (1957). Nevertheless, I agree with Somerfield’s sentiment that the term Bray-Curtis should be maintained in community ecology. With respect to indices of percentage similarities I think that Bray and Curtis deserve greater recognition for developing a double standardization procedure that assigns equal weights to species and samples.
Codeveloping a Virtual Patient Simulation to Foster Nurses’ Relational Skills Consistent With Motivational Interviewing: A Situation of Antiretroviral Therapy Nonadherence

Background Although helping people living with HIV manage their antiretroviral therapy is a core competency of HIV nursing care, no educational intervention has sought to strengthen this competency. Thus, we codeveloped a simulation of a virtual patient (VP) having difficulty adhering to treatment to foster the relational skills that nurses require in such situations. Objective This viewpoint paper aims to describe the codevelopment process and the content of VP simulation, as well as the challenges encountered and the strategies used to overcome them. Methods We use a collaborative and iterative approach to develop the simulation based on qualitative evidence, theoretical approaches (strengths-based nursing, motivational interviewing [MI], and adult learning theories), and expert recommendations. We carried out 2 main phases: (1) planning the simulation development and (2) designing the simulation content, sequence, and format. We created the script as if we were writing a choose-your-own-adventure book. All relational skills (behavior change counseling techniques derived from MI) were integrated into a nurse-patient dialogue. The logic of the simulation is as follows: if the nurse uses techniques consistent with MI (eg, open-ended questions, summarizing), a dialogue is opened up with the VP. If the nurse uses relational skills inconsistent with MI (eg, providing advice without asking for permission), the VP will react accordingly (eg, defensively). Learners have opportunities to assess and reflect on their interventions with the help of quizzes and feedback loops. Results Two main challenges are discussed. The most salient challenge was related to the second phase of the VP simulation development. The first was to start the project with divergent conceptions of how to approach the VP simulation—the simulation company’s perspective of a procedural-type approach versus the clinical team’s vision of a narrative approach. As a broad strategy, we came to a mutual understanding to develop a narrative-type VP simulation. It meshed with our conception of a nurse-patient relationship, the values of strengths-based nursing (a collaborative nurse-patient relationship), and the MI’s counseling style. The second challenge was the complexity in designing realistic relational skills in preprogrammed and simulated nurse-patient dialogue while preserving an immersive learning experience. As a broad strategy, we created a collaborative and work-in-progress writing template as a shared working tool. Conclusions Our experience may be helpful to anyone looking for practical cues and guidance in developing narrative VP simulations. As relational skills are used by all nurses—from novices to experts—and other health care practitioners, focusing on this clinical behavior is a good way to ensure the simulation’s adaptability, sustainability, and efficiency.
Osteology of †Heteronectes chaneti (Acanthomorpha, Pleuronectiformes), An Eocene Stem Flatfish, with a Discussion of Flatfish Sister-Group Relationships

ABSTRACT The first detailed description of the fossil acanthomorph teleost †Heteronectes chaneti is presented based on a single acid-transfer prepared specimen from the lower Eocene (Ypresian, NP 14) of Bolca, Italy. This genus shows striking cranial asymmetry, with the left orbit displaced toward the top of the skull but failing to reach the dorsal midline. Outside of the orbital region, most paired cranial bones show no clear asymmetry. The postcranial skeleton of †Heteronectes is comparable to that of many ‘generalized’ percomorphs, with a vertebral column comprising 10 abdominal and 14 caudal vertebrae, and a caudal fin with a procurrent spur and 17 principal rays in a I-8/7-I pattern, a caudal-fin endoskeleton consisting of a parphyural, five hypurals, three epurals, and two uroneurals, and pelvic fins with one spine followed by five rays. Evidence for the phylogenetic position of †Heteronectes is reviewed, and a previous interpretation of this genus as a stem member of the percomorph clade Pleuronectiformes is corroborated. However, †Heteronectes retains many primitive percomorph features transformed in other flatfishes, indicating that orbital migration was among the earliest of the distinctive pleuronectiform features to arise. Comparisons between †Heteronectes and candidates for the living sister group of flatfishes reveal the greatest number of similarities with latids (Nile perches and allies). These characters, most of which are of ambiguous polarity, should be the target of future analyses to determine whether they represent symplesiomorphies, homoplasies, or derived features uniting flatfishes and latids.
WILD TYPE P53 GENE TRANSFER INCREASES CHEMOSENSITIVITY AND APOPTOTIC RESPONSE OF PANC-1 PANCREATIC TUMOR CELL LINE

The effect of p53 gene therapy on chemosensitivity and apoptotic response of PANC-1 tumor cells, which express high amount of mutant p53, to cancer chemotherapeutic agents of Etoposide and Doxorubicin was investigated. Comparison of the chemosensitivity of PANC-1 cells to its wild type p53 transfectants showed that wt-p53 expressing transfectants are more sensitive to both Etoposide and Doxorubucin. It further showed that neither the PANC1 cells nor its wild type p53 transfectants arrested at G1 in response to X-irradiation. Furthermore, treatment of both PANC-1 cells as well as its wt-p53 transfectants with etoposide resulted in apoptosis despite the difference in their p53 status, although, the number of apoptotic cells of the wt-p53 transfectants was higher compared to the control cells. This evidence reinforce the view that combining p53 gene therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents may yield a more beneficial response than conventional treatments alone in pancreatic tumor cells with high amount of mutant p53.
Factors influencing oocyte development in Mythimna convecta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their possible impact on migration in eastern Australia

AbstractThe effects of crowding and photoperiod during rearing of Mythimna convecta (Walker) on oocyte development in adult females were measured in the laboratory and field. Most larvae reared under isolated conditions in a Light 12 h: Dark 12 h photoperiod had mature oocytes within 72–84 h of eclosion. Females were slower to mature when reared under longer daylengths. The mean oocyte width in 3–10 days old females was significantly lower for moths reared under long (Light 16 h: Dark 8 h) than equal (Light 12 h: Dark 12 h) daylengths. Crowding of larvae also prolonged the pre-reproductive period. In the laboratory, 47% of females had arrested oocyte development of 3–6 days after eclosion and, in the field during late winter/spring, 48% of females required 3–9 days to mature. Larvae were collected from late spring/summer populations and caged under high and low density conditions. All females emerging from both treatments had arrested oocyte development of at least seven days. In catches from baited moth traps run over the same period, the proportion of immature female M. convecta was lower during spring (18–30%), than in summer (60%) and, in both seasons, mating commenced before oocytes had matured, but after oocyte arrest. Long daylength appears to be only one of several contributing factors causing delays in ovarian development during summer. Delays in achieving reproductive maturity, induced by either crowding or summer conditions, may assist M. convecta to emigrate from unfavourable habitats. This is particularly relevant in the winter rainfall areas of south-eastern Australia where most food plants senesce in summer and suitable habitats are usually confined to the coast.
Element localization in mycorrhizal roots of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn collected from experimental plots treated with cadmium dust

SUMMARY Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn roots collected from plots localized in a Pino-Quercetum forest, treated 10 yr before with 2000 Mg km−2 of cadmium dust, were examined. The ultrastructure of endomycorrhizal roots and element distribution, determined using the electron energy loss spectroscopy, is given. The cytoplasm of the mycorrhizal fungus was found to contain more Cd, Ti and Ba than that of the host cells of the fern. Within polyphosphate granules present in fungal vacuoles beside Fe, S, N and Al which were reported by other authors, Cd, Ti and B were localized. Within fern cells Cd, Al, Fe, Zn and Cu were found to be accumulated both in plastids, especially in electron-opaque, globular or crystalloid material, and on the surface of transfer cell wall ingrowth.
Habitat Selection at Two Spatial Scales and Diurnal Activity Patterns of Adult Female Forest Buffalo

Abstract Forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus) occur throughout the Congo Basin forest region of central Africa. Unlike for the well-studied Cape (or savanna) buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer), few data exist for forest buffalo. I tracked 7 radiocollared adult female forest buffalo at Lopé National Park, Gabon, over a 2-year period (2002–2004) to examine home ranges, habitat selection, and diurnal activity patterns. Home ranges of female forest buffalo averaged 4.55 km2 in area (mean number of locations per animal = 205); the percent of home-range overlap between individual radiocollared buffalo was small. Home ranges remained the same size and in the same locations over both study years. Distance analysis of habitat use from radiotracking data was used to assess forest buffalo habitat selection at 2 spatial scales. At the landscape scale, buffalo selected savanna and marsh habitat over forest habitat within a 72-km2 study area. Thus, forest buffalo home ranges were savanna-dominated despite the greater amount of forest habitat available in the overall landscape. At the scale of the home range (2.30–7.64 km2), habitat selection within home ranges varied with season. Adult female forest buffalo preferred forest habitat between March and August but preferred marsh to forest between September and February. Forest buffalo dwell in forest habitat, feed in savannas, and wallow in marshes, utilizing all habitat types in the landscape. Although the subspecies is forest-dwelling, forest buffalo depend on open habitat adjacent to continuous forest.
The Mesolimbic Dopamine Activity Signatures of Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking

The mesolimbic dopamine system comprises distinct compartments supporting different functions in learning and motivation. Less well understood is how complex addiction-related behaviors emerge from activity patterns across these compartments. Here we show how different forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking in male rats are assembled from activity across the VTA and the nucleus accumbens. First, we used chemogenetic approaches to show a causal role for VTA TH neurons in two forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking: renewal (context-induced reinstatement) and reacquisition. Then, using gCaMP fiber photometry of VTA TH neurons, we identified medial and lateral VTA TH neuron activity profiles during self-administration, renewal, and reacquisition. Next, we used optogenetic inhibition of VTA TH neurons to show distinct causal roles for VTA subregions in distinct forms of relapse. We then used dLight fiber photometry to measure dopamine binding across the ventral striatum (medial accumbens shell, accumbens core, lateral accumbens shell) and showed complex and heterogeneous profiles of dopamine binding during self-administration and relapse. Finally, we used representational similarity analysis to identify mesolimbic dopamine signatures of self-administration, extinction, and relapse. Our results show that signatures of relapse can be identified from heterogeneous activity profiles across the mesolimbic dopamine system and that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is axiomatic that the actions of dopamine are critical to drug addiction. Yet how relapse to drug-seeking is assembled from activity across the mesolimbic dopamine system is poorly understood. Here we show how relapse to alcohol-seeking relates to activity in specific VTA and accumbens compartments, how these change for different forms of relapse, and how relapse-associated activity relates to activity during self-administration and extinction. We report the mesolimbic dopamine activity signatures for relapse and show that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse.
Breakfast Skipping in Female College Students Is a Potential and Preventable Predictor of Gynecologic Disorders at Health Service Centers

Inadequate dietary habits in youth are known to increase the risk of onset of various diseases in adulthood. Previously, we found that female college students who skipped breakfast had higher incidences of dysmenorrhea, suggesting that breakfast skipping interferes with ovarian and uterine functions. Since dietary habits can be managed by education, it is preferable to establish a convenient screening system for meal skipping that is associated with dysmenorrhea as part of routine services of health service centers. In this study, we recruited 3172 female students aged from 18 to 25 at Kanazawa University and carried out an annual survey of the status of students’ health and lifestyle in 2019, by a questionnaire. We obtained complete responses from 3110 students and analyzed the relationship between dietary habits, such as meal skipping and history of dieting, and menstrual disorders, such as troubles or worries with menstruation, menstrual irregularity, menstrual pain, and use of oral contraceptives. The incidence of troubles or worries with menstruation was significantly higher in those with breakfast skipping (p < 0.05) and a history of dieting (p < 0.001). This survey successfully confirmed the positive relationship between breakfast skipping and menstrual pain (p < 0.001), indicating that this simple screening test is suitable for picking up breakfast skippers who are more prone to gynecologic disorders. In conclusions, since dysmenorrhea is one of the important clinical signs, breakfast skipping may become an effective marker to predict the subsequent onset of gynecological diseases at health service centers. Considering educational correction of meal skipping, breakfast skipping is a potential and preventable predictor that will contribute to managing menstrual disorders from a preventive standpoint in the future.