Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of a 5-Week Individualised Training Program on Physical Performance and Measures Associated with Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in Army Personnel: A Pilot Study

Objective: To examine the feasibility and effect of an individualised and force-plate guided training program on physical performance and musculoskeletal injury risk factors in army personnel. Design: Pre-post, randomised control. Methods: Fourteen male and five female Australian Army soldiers were randomised into two groups and performed 5-weeks of physical training. The control group (n = 9) completed standard, group-designed, physical training whilst the experimental group (n = 8) completed an individualised training program. Physical (push-ups, multi-stage fitness test, three repetition maximum (3RM) for squat, strict press, deadlift and floor press), occupational (weight-loaded march time), and technological assessments (two-leg and one-leg countermovement jumps (CMJ), one-leg balance, one-arm plank) were conducted prior to and following the training period. Comparisons between groups and changes within groups were conducted via Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited a significantly smaller improvement for weight-loaded march time (−0.7% ± 4.0% vs. −5.1% ± 3.0%, p = 0.03) and a greater improvement for deadlift-3RM (20.6% ± 11.9% vs. 8.4% ± 6.8%, p = 0.056). All other outcomes were similar between groups. Visually favourable alterations in the two-leg CMJ profile with no reports of injuries were noted for the experimental group. Conclusions: Individualised physical training was feasible within an army setting and, for the most part, produced similar physical, occupational and technological performances to that of standard, group-designed physical training. These preliminary results provide a foundation for future research to expand upon and clarify the benefits of individualised training programs on long-term physical performance and injury risk/incidence in active combat army personnel.
Detector noise induced by ultra-fast laser

Irradiation of a photodetector by very short laser pulses was presented as a technique that can remotely alter detector's performance [1]. Recent experimental data demonstrated that energy of femto-second laser pulse transforms almost entirely into thermal energy. Thermal energy may inflict long-lasted changes in the detector that based on lattice structural changes or disorder [2], and semiconductor compound heats up. Those changes may result in detector's responsivity change - to induce a spectral shift that may prevent detection at specific wavelengths and in overall noise increase. Both phenomena may contribute into ultimately non-compensated losses in detectivity. Effect completely reversible if energy level is below energy threshold for melting Eth -therefore integrity of the photodetector is protected during the alteration. In the paper we demonstrate that much longer laser pulses can be used to inflict similar effects in photo- detectors. Laser pulse can be arranged in such a way that combination of energy per pulse, repetition rate, pulse dwell time and duty cycle will not destroy detector or generate signal, but just inflict responsivity shift and noise variance increase. Technique of noise generation by ultra-fast laser is described and analyzed in details with respect to newly presented experimental data.
High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field With Synchronized Radiofrequency Achieves Superior Gluteal Muscle Contouring Than High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field Procedure Alone

Abstract Background The high-intensity focused electromagnetic field (HIFEM) procedure is an effective method for noninvasive toning and shaping of buttocks. Objectives To investigate and compare the efficacy of simultaneous application of HIFEM procedure with radiofrequency (RF) heating vs HIFEM standalone procedure on the buttocks. Methods Sixty-seven subjects (21-67 years, BMI 16-34 kg/m2) were recruited and divided into two groups. Group A received simultaneous HIFEM + RF therapy, and group B received standalone HIFEM treatments. All participants underwent four 30-minute bilateral treatments on the buttocks. The MRI was used to evaluate the changes in muscle and fat thickness. Results Data of 32 subjects from group A and 31 subjects from group B were reviewed at 1-month follow-up. On average, subjects from group A showed a 31.3% higher increase in muscle thickness, as shown in the MRI evaluation. The gluteal muscle thickness continued to grow and peaked at a 3-month follow-up, wherein 27 patients were evaluated in each group (n = 54). Group A showed on average +24.7% increase (gluteus maximus +8.5 ± 1.9 mm, medius +6.0 ± 1.1 mm, minimus +2.9 ± 0.8 mm), while group B exhibited only +15.9% increase in muscle thickness (gluteus maximus +5.2 ± 1.1 mm, medius +3.6 ± 1.0 mm, minimus +1.6 ± 0.4 mm). On average, group A showed a 35.6% higher growth in muscle thickness. Treatments were safe and comfortable with high satisfaction rates. No adverse event was reported throughout the study. Conclusions Our results suggest that simultaneous use of HIFEM + RF is safe and significantly more effective for gluteal contouring than the HIFEM procedure alone. Level of Evidence: 2
Carboxyl Functionalization of N-MWCNTs with Stone–Wales Defects and Possibility of HIF-1α Wave-Diffusive Delivery

Nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) are widely used for drug delivery. One of the main challenges is to clarify their interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), the lack of which leads to oncological and cardiovascular diseases. In the presented study, N-MWCNTs were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition and irradiated with argon ions. Their chemical state, local structure, interfaces, Stone–Wales defects, and doping with nitrogen were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Using experimental data, supercells of functionalized N-MWCNTs with an oxygen content of 2.7, 4 and 6 at. % in carboxyl groups were built by quantum chemical methods. Our analysis by the self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (SCC DFTB) method shows that a key role in the functionalization of CNTs with carboxyl groups belongs to Stone–Wales defects. The results of research in the decoration of CNTs with HIF-1α demonstrate the possibility of wave-diffusion drug delivery. The nature of hybridization and relaxation determines the mechanism of oxygen regulation with HIF-1α molecules, namely, by OH-(OH–C) and OH-(O=C) chemical bonds. The concentration dependence of drug release in the diffusion mode suggests that the best pattern for drug delivery is provided by the tube with a carboxylic oxygen content of 6 at. %.
Clients’ Facial Expressions of Self-Compassion, Self-Criticism, and Self-Protection in Emotion-Focused Therapy Videos

Clients’ facial expressions allow psychotherapists to gather more information about clients’ emotional processing. This study aims to examine and investigate the facial Action Units (AUs) of self-compassion, self-criticism, and self-protection within real Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) sessions. For this purpose, we used the facial analysis software iMotions. Twelve video sessions were selected for the analysis based on specific criteria. For self-compassion, the following AUs were significant: AUs 4 (brow furrow), 15 (lip corner depressor), and the AU12_smile (lip corner puller). For self-criticism, iMotions identified the AUs 2 (outer brow raise), AU1 (inner brow raise), AU7 (lid tighten), AU12_smirk (unilateral lip corner puller), and AU43 (eye closure). Self-protection was combined using the occurrence of AUs 1 and 4 and AU12_smirk. Moreover, the findings support the significance of discerning self-compassion and self-protection as two different concepts.
Vibronic spectra in diamond

The temperature dependence of some of the more important vibronic bands in diamond is investigated. Spectra of the N3, ND1, 640 nm, H3, 3.188 eV and 594 nm bands are given, together with detailed measurements of the intensity, peak energy and width of most of the zero phonon lines over the temperature range of typically 20 to 350K. These data, and published data on the N9 band, are analysed in terms of coupling of the electrons to vibrational modes that are totally symmetric in the point group of the optical centres. It is shown that the shapes of the N3, ND1, 640 nm, 3.188 eV, 594 nm and N9 bands may be closely described by the theory and yield effective densities of coupled phonon states. These densities of states predict, to a high accuracy, the temperature dependence of the respective zero phonon intensities. It is shown that the long-wavelength modes dominate the temperature dependence of the zero phonon energy, and so, after allowing for lattice expansion effects, the peak energy may be fitted using the densities of states.
A Human-Centered Comprehensive Measure of Take-Over Performance Based on Multiple Objective Metrics

For highly automated vehicles, effective take-over performance measures are essential for establishing quantitative take-over models and exploring approaches to improve take-over performance. However, there is a lack of comprehensive take-over performance measures that suitably combine multiple objective metrics based on an average evaluation from human drivers. In this study, we proposed a human-centered comprehensive measure of take-over performance (HCMTP). There are four main building blocks for the HCMTP. First, we adopted sparse principal component analysis to identify the main aspects of take-over performance based on multiple original objective take-over performance metrics. Second, we developed a scale of take-over performance assessment to obtain drivers’ original subjective self-assessments of take-over performance. Third, we established nonlinear individual mapping functions to acquire different drivers’ evaluation criteria for take-over performance. Fourth, we proposed a relabeling algorithm to obtain drivers’ average evaluation of take-over performance. To verify the effectiveness of the HCMTP, we conducted a verification experiment involving 68 participants. The results indicate that the HCMTP is effective and able to reduce the interference of individual differences, stochasticity, and data imbalance. This study contributes to identifying the main aspects of take-over performance, systematically understanding how human drivers subjectively evaluate take-over performance, and evaluating drivers’ take-over performance comprehensively.
Extension of theory of growth of chain‐folded polymer crystals to large undercoolings

The kinetic theory of the rate of growth G and the initial lamellar thickness lg* of chain‐folded crystals is extended so that it is applicable at high undercoolings. Attention is centered on the details of how the first step element and the first fold are put down on the substrate. A parameter φ that varies between zero and unity, which apportions the free energy of attachment of the step element between the forward and backward reactions, is used to denote variations in this process. Expressions for G are derived from flux equations for two limiting cases: regime I, single surface nucleation act with rapid substrate completion and regime II, numerous surface nucleation acts with very slow substrate completion. Data from the literature on G for isotactic polystyrene (regime II) and polyethylene single crystals (regime I) are analyzed to obtain surface free energies, and these are used with the revised theory for lg* to predict the lamellar thickness of these polymers. Good agreement between lg* and publi.
State Space Models With a Common Stochastic Variance

This article considers a combination of the linear Gaussian state space model and the stochastic volatility model. The focus is on the simultaneous estimation of parameters related to the stochastic processes of both the mean and variance parts of the model. Kalman filter and Monte Carlo maximum likelihood methods lead to an elegant estimation procedure for which the simulation error can be made arbitrarily small. The standard asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators apply as a result. A Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to investigate the small-sample properties of the estimation procedure. The modeling and forecasting techniques within our new framework are illustrated for U.S. monthly inflation rates.
Noise reduction in ultra-low light digital holographic microscopy using neural networks

Live cell imaging is challenging because the difficult balance of maintaining both cell viability and high signal to noise ratio throughout the entire imaging duration. Label free quantitative light microscopy techniques are powerful tools to image the volumetric activities in living cellular and sub-cellular biological systems, however there are minimal ways to identify phototoxicity. In this paper, we investigate the use of neural network to restore quantitative digital hologram micrographs at ultra-low light levels down to 0.06 𝑚𝑊/𝑐𝑚2 which approximately two orders of magnitude lower than sunlight. By developing an adaptive image restoration method specifically tailored for digital holograms, we demonstrated the 2x improvement in SSIM over existing denoising methods. This demonstration could open up new avenues for high resolution holographic microscopy using deep ultraviolet coherent sources and achieve high-resolution imaging with ultralow light illumination.
Improving a Shape Reconstruction Algorithm with Thresholds and Multi-View Data

Abstract This paper deals with the reconstruction of the shape of unknown perfectly conducting objects from the knowledge of the scattered electric far field in a two-dimensional geometry. By adopting the Kirchhoff approximation, the problem is cast as a linear inverse one and is solved by resorting to the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) approach. The finiteness of the available data along with the presence of the noise make undesired features on the reconstructed image arise. We here give some criteria for the choice of a threshold to cut them out from the reconstructions. Furthermore, we illustrate the processing of multi-view data.
Oscillation of Certain Second-Order Nonlinear Differential Equations☆

Abstract In this paper we consider the second-order nonlinear differential equation[formula] where σ > 0 is any quotient of odd integers, a ∈ C 1 ( R , (0, ∞)), q ∈ C ( R , R ), f ∈ C ( R , R ), xf ( x ) > 0, f ′( x ) ≥ 0 for x ≠ 0. Some new sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of ( ∗ ) are obtained. Several examples that dwell upon the importance of our results are also included.
Efficient Enrichment of Functional ILC Subsets from Human PBMC by Immunomagnetic Selection

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are exceedingly rare but important regulators of homeostatic and disease-associated immune processes. The frequency of ILCs in peripheral blood of healthy humans is ~0.07% of CD45+ leukocytes. ILCs lack specific cell surface markers but can be divided into distinct subsets (ILC1, 2 and 3) based on their differential expression of effector cytokines and master transcription factors. Currently, cell sorting is the most widely used method to isolate ILCs, but it is time consuming, expensive and often results in low purities and recoveries. Pre-enrichment of ILCs would allow for reduced sorting times and improved purities. Accordingly, we have developed a fast immunomagnetic negative selection method to pre-enrich all ILCs subsets from human leukapheresis samples. Briefly, unwanted cells are labelled with antibodies and magnetic particles and placed into an EasySep™ magnet. Unwanted cells are retained in the magnet and the enriched ILC fraction is simply poured off into a new tube. We find that total ILCs (defined as Lineage− CD45+ CD127+) are enriched from a frequency of 0.01 – 0.23% (n=28) to a final frequency of 17 – 86%, an enrichment of 200 – 1500 fold with virtually no loss of ILCs. ILC1 were enriched from 0.01 – 0.2% to 4.5 – 14%. ILC2 were enriched from 0.01 – 0.1% to 5.8 – 51% and ILC3 were enriched from 0.01 – 0.1% to 6 – 16%. This pre-enrichment drastically decreases sort time, allowing sorting over 3.7 × 105 ILCs from 2 × 109 PBMCs in only 12 minutes. Sorted cells maintained their functionality; when stimulated, ILC1s produced IFNγ, ILC2s secreted IL-13 and ILC3s produced IL-22. Our newly developed method of ILC pre-enrichment should aid human ILC research by enabling their rapid isolation when combined with cell sorting
The Effects of Digitally Delivered Nudges in a Corporate Wellness Program

We investigate how two digitally delivered nudges, namely light social support (nonverbal cues such as kudos or likes) and motivational messaging, affect employees’ self-reported physical activity in an online, corporate wellness program. Within this unique field setting, using data from several years, we found evidence that both types of nudges provide benefits beyond the effect of cash incentives. However, the effects vary by individual, depending on whether the employee is actively engaging in physical activity, and by time, depending on how long the employee has been in the wellness program. We found light social support to be less effective over time, while motivational messages were found to be more effective with the duration in the program and generally more effective for physically inactive users. Our findings have implications for the design of wellness systems, suggesting different approaches depending on an employee’s current activity level and tenure in the program
Immunopathogenesis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Myocarditis: Insights from Experimental Models and Treatment Implications

Despite the extraordinary success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment, their use is associated with a high incidence of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), resulting from therapy-related autoimmunity against various target organs. ICI-induced myocarditis is one of the most severe forms of IRAE, which is associated with risk of hemodynamic compromise and mortality. Despite increasing recognition and prompt treatment by clinicians, there remain significant gaps in knowledge regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of ICI-induced myocarditis. As the newly emerged disease entity is relatively rare, it is challenging for researchers to perform studies involving patients at scale. Alternatively, mouse models have been developed to facilitate research understanding of the pathogenesis of ICI-induced myocarditis and drug discovery. Transgenic mice with immune checkpoint genes knocked out allow induction of myocarditis in a highly reproducible manner. On the other hand, it has not been possible to induce ICI-induced myocarditis in wild type mice by injecting ICIs monotherapy alone. Additional interventions such as combinational ICI, tumor inoculation, cardiac sarcomere immunization, or cardiac irradiation are necessary to mimic the underlying pathophysiology in human cancer patients and to induce ICI-induced myocarditis successfully. This review focuses on the immunopathogenesis of ICI-induced myocarditis, drawing insights from human studies and animal models, and discusses the potential implications for treatment.
Current Evidence on Vasa Previa without Velamentous Cord Insertion or Placental Morphological Anomalies (Type III Vasa Previa): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vasa previa carries a high risk of severe fetal morbidity and mortality due to fetal hemorrhage caused by damage to unprotected fetal cord vessels upon membrane rupture. Vasa previa is generally classified into types I and II. However, some cases are difficult to classify, and some studies have proposed a type III classification. This study aimed to review the current evidence on type III vasa previa. A systematic literature search was conducted, and 11 articles (2011–2022) were included. A systematic review showed that type III vasa previa accounts for 5.7% of vasa previa cases. Thirteen women with type III vasa previa were examined at a patient-level analysis. The median age was 35 (interquartile range [IQR] 31.5–38) years, and approximately 45% were assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies. The median gestational week of delivery was 36 (IQR 34–37) weeks; the antenatal detection rate was 84.6%, and no cases reported neonatal death. The characteristics and obstetric outcomes (rate of ART, antenatal diagnosis, emergent cesarean delivery, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal mortality) were compared between types I and III vasa previa, and all outcomes of interest were similar. The current evidence on type III vasa previa is scanty, and further studies are warranted.
Analysis and Design of Rotary Wireless Power Transfer System With Dual-Coupled XLC/S Compensation Topology

This paper presents a dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system for rotary equipment. Two concentric coils on the primary side are used to keep the mutual inductance between the primary and secondary constant during the rotation. The dual-coupled XLC/S compensation topology is proposed to enhance the radial misalignment tolerance performance and improve the flexibility in the design of loosely coupled transformers (LCT). The design flow of LCT and optimization process of component parameters are proposed to achieve radial misalignment tolerance. The characteristics of constant current output (CCO) and zero voltage switch (ZVS) are realized. The power flow is analyzed. A 200-W prototype is designed and implemented to validate the proposed design method. The experimental results show that the proposed LCT structure with dual-coupled XLC/S compensation topology can achieve high tangential and radial misalignment tolerance. Therefore, the system proposed in this article is suitable for powering the device that rotates around an axis wirelessly.
Ultra-high-speed single red–green–blue light-emitting diode-based visible light communication system utilizing advanced modulation formats

We report a 3.75-Gb/s visible light communication (VLC) system thatusessingle-carrier frequency-domain equalization (SC-FDE) based on a single red-green-blue (RGB) light-emitting diode (LED), with the measured bit error rates (BERs) under a pre-forward-error-correction threshold of 3.8 \times 10-3. The fundamental characteristics of an RGB-LED-based VLC system are measured. We also compare SC-FDE with OFDM in terms of peak-to-average power ratio and BER performance, which shows that SC-FDE outperforms the OFDM modulation scheme.
Seismic scattering from a spherical inclusion eccentrically located within a homogeneous, spherical host: theoretical derivation

Abstract The scattered fields from a spherical body eccentrically located within an otherwise homogeneous host sphere are derived by satisfying the boundary conditions at both interfaces simultaneously. The source, which may be composed of any linear combination of S and P waves, is also located arbitrarily within the host sphere. The scattering system may have applications in seismic scattering, by cavities or dense bodies located near the Earth surface or to the Slichter mode.
Polarization-independent /spl delta/-strained semiconductor optical amplifiers: a tight-binding study

We present a tight-binding analysis of the polarization dependence of GaAs /spl delta/-strained semiconductors optical amplifiers. Our approach allows us to account for band nonparabolicity, valence band mixing, as well as thin layer perturbations, overcoming the natural limitations of standard techniques based on the envelope function formalism. We explain how thin strained GaAs layers embedded in a lattice-matched InGaAsP-InGaAs quantum well can he used to achieve polarization-insensitive optical amplification. The theory is also applied to other structures providing optical amplification, showing how the concept of "virtual barriers" can lead to high polarization insensitivity.