Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Changes of Soil Wetness Induced by an Increase in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Abstract The change in soil wetness in response to an increase of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is investigated by two versions of a climate model which consists of a general circulation model of the atmosphere and a static mixed layer ocean. In the first version of the model, the distribution of cloud cover is specified whereas it is computed in the second version incorporating the interaction among cloud cover, radiative transfer and the atmospheric circulation. The CO2-induced changes of climate and hydrology are evaluated based upon a comparison between two quasi-equilibrium climates of a model with a normal and an above normal concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is shown that, in response to a doubling (or quadrupling) of atmospheric carbon dioxide, soil moisture is reduced in summer over extensive midcontinental regions of both North America and Eurasia in middle and high latitudes. Based upon the budget analysis of heat and water, the physical mechanisms responsible for th.
Material Performance of Vertical Surfaces and its Effects on Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Case of Hot and Dry Regions

The thermal comfort of outdoor open spaces in hot and dry regions is an important aspect that needs to be considered when designing neighborhoods. Jaisalmer town which experiences harsh conditions during long summers is selected as a study area. This study analyses the material performance of vertical surfaces and their effects on outdoor thermal comfort. The existing site and its surface materials were studied, and on-site measurements were taken in June 2022. The was then compared with other scenarios which were simulated using Envi-MET 5.0. 1. The scenarios were developed with the morphology exactly the same as the base case and variation in terms of surface materials. Four different configurations were developed including the base case. The results showed that the Case 1 scenario performed poorly, whereas case 4 showed the lowest temperatures. A strong correlation is observed between surface temperature and thermal parameters as well as albedo and thermal parameters. Making efforts in reducing the surface temperature and albedo can reduce the PET and Tmrt significantly. East-west oriented scenario showed the highest values for all the thermal parameters due to the longer exposure direct solar radiation. This study is an effort to emphasize the attention towards the efficient and appropriate material use which is also in harmony with the climate of the town. The traditional Jaisalmer limestone showed good positive results for all the analyses performed in this paper.
DISCUSSION ON MOMENTUM INTERPOLATION METHOD FOR COLLOCATED GRIDS OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW

Discussions are given of the different momentum interpolation methods to evaluate the interface velocity in the collocated grid system. It is pointed out that the interface velocity is used in three cases in the overall numerical procedure of the solution of Navier-Stokes equations by utilizing a collocated grid: in the continuity equation; in the interface flow rate computation for the determination of the coefficients in discretization equation; and in the mass residual in the coefficient Ap. Analysis shows that it is better to adopt the momentum interpolation method in the three cases. Two new momentum interpolation methods, called MMIM1 and MMIM2, are proposed. Analysis shows that the two new methods can achieve numerical solutions that are independent of both the underrelaxation factor and the time step size. Taking lid-driven cavity flow as an example, numerical computations are conducted for several Reynolds numbers and different mesh sizes using the SIMPLE algorithm, and the results are compared with benchmark solutions. Numerical tests demonstrate that both MMIM1 and MMIM2 can give unique solutions for different underrelaxation factors and time step sizes, solutions from MMIM1 are slightly better than that of the momentum interpolation of Majumdar, and solutions from MMIM2 have an appreciably better accuracy when the mesh is not fine.
IMPACT OF WORK STRESS ON JOB SATISFACTION WITH MODERATING EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT

The purpose of this research is to investigate relationship between stress at work and amount of job satisfaction experienced by surgeons, while taking into consideration moderating effects of social support. First of two aspects of occupational stress that are investigated is the failure to maintain a healthy balance between one's personal and professional lives. Second is stress that is experienced while working. To collect primary data, questionnaire was sent to 500 medical professionals, the majority of whom were surgeons employed by private institutions. Results of this research demonstrated that a healthy work-life balance has a significant impact on the job satisfaction. Moreover, lower levels of job satisfaction have been connected to workplace stress. The unfavorable association between work-life balance and job satisfaction is minimized when surgeons have access to social services. Also, it reduces the detrimental impact of work-related stress on performance, that is significant advantage. Top-level managers have potential to boost surgeons’ satisfaction by implementing stress management practices in the workplace and offering social support.
A practical study of the main transformations from social welfare to social development in Lesotho: Success factors, challenges and prospects

Lesotho recently experienced a paradigm shift from social welfare to social development. The study was aimed at assessing achievements and challenges that resulted from the transition. A sequential mixed-methods approach was used. In the quantitative strand, a sample of 150 social workers and 300 beneficiaries was randomly selected, out of which a sample of four social workers’ focus groups were purposively formed. Data were collected through questionnaires, structured interviews and focus group discussions. The community development programme serves as a means to incorporate a social development approach. The article recommends integration of the social development approach in specialised programmes.
Reflection coefficient equation and pre-stack seismic inversion with Young′s modulus and Poisson ratio

Young′s modulus and Poisson ratio are two important rock parameters to indicate the "sweet spot" in gas shale.Pre-stack inversion based on reflection coefficient equation with different model parameterization is an efficient approach to obtain these parameters.Firstly,we derive the reflection coefficient approximate equation in terms of Young′s modulus,Poisson ratio and density(YPD approximate equation) with the hypothesis of incident planar wave,which establishes the linear relationship between the reflection coefficient and Young′s modulus reflectivity,Poisson ratio reflection reflectivity and density reflectivity.Secondly,we analyze the precision and applicable condition of the novel reflection coefficient equation,and the model test shows that this equation is as accurate as the exact equation until the incident angle approaches to 40 degree.Finally,a robust AVA inversion procedure is introduced to test the possibility to invert for Young′s modulus and Poisson ratio directly.Model and real data tests show that the introduced inversion method can obtain reasonable inversion results even with moderate Gaussian noise,which offers an efficient method to identify "sweet spot" with seismic data.
Revisiting the Statewide Climate Extremes for the United States: Evaluating Existing Extremes, Archived Data, and New Observations

New all-time extreme climate records have been set in several states over the past few years. These records highlighted a need to review the existing statewide climate extremes tables maintained by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Also, since these tables were last up-dated, NCDC has greatly extended its digital data record into the past for many locations and has applied improved quality assurance processes to its archived data, revealing several potential new record values. To ensure the records maintained in the statewide climate extremes tables accurately reflect the most current and valid data available, the records were reevaluated. The all-time maximum and minimum temperature, all-time greatest 24-h precipitation and snowfall, and all-time greatest snow depth for each of the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands were manually examined to determine their validity, accuracy, accessibility, and provenance. NCDC's data holdings were scoured for values that might exceed estab.
Prediction Of Turbulent Heat Transfer InImpinging Jet Geometries

This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the numerical prediction of turbulent impinging jet flows. The predictive capabilities of numerical models are evaluated by careful comparison with experimental fluid flow and heat transfer data. Turbulent fluctuations in the velocity field are mathematically modelled using the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methodology. Turbulence is assumed to be isotropic so only RANS models based on the eddy viscosity concept will be considered. Wall effects were approximated using various methods such as the elliptic relaxation methodology proposed by Durbin [1], the two-layer approach of Chen and Patel [2] and the low-Reynolds-number treatment of Launder and Sharma [3]. Important parameters influencing the accuracy of numerical predictions are addressed. In particular, the sensitivity of the predicted data to boundary conditions are highlighted to stress the importance of specifying the correct boundary conditions in the simulations. Predicted data from numerical simulations of the axisymmetric round jet impinging normally on a flat surface and three-dimensional round jet impinging at an angle to a flat plate with numerous jetto-plate distances and various oblique angles are presented. Data from these calculations are used to highlight modelling issues pertaining to entrainment, streamline curvature and heat transfer in the stagnation region of the flow. For the axisymmetric normal jet case, predicted data from a confined jet and jet impingement on a pedestal are also presented. www.witpress. com, ISSN 1755-8336 (on-line) WIT Transactions on State of the Art in Science and Engineering, Vol 15, © 2005 WIT Press doi:10.2495/978-1-85312-956-8/05
Outliers and persistence in threshold autoregressive processes

Abstract This paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effects of outlier observations on the properties of linearity tests against threshold autoregressive (TAR) processes. By considering different specifications and levels of persistence for the data-generating processes, we find that additive outliers distort the size of the test and that the distortion increases with the level of persistence. In addition, we also find that larger additive outliers can help to improve the power of the test in the case of persistent TAR processes.
Gamma-ray widths in 15 N

The ground-state radiative widths of nine levels below 10.2 MeV in /sup 15/N were measured using resonance fluorescence. The results are compared with various theoretical predictions and are found to best agree with very recent unpublished calculations in which the full 1h.omega. configurational basis is included in constructing the wave functions of the /sup 15/N levels.
Determination of an optimal regularization factor in system identification with Tikhonov regularization for linear elastic continua

This paper presents a geometric mean scheme (GMS) to determine an optimal regularization factor for Tikhonov regularization technique in the system identification problems of linear elastic continua. The characteristics of non‐linear inverse problems and the role of the regularization are investigated by the singular value decomposition of a sensitivity matrix of responses. It is shown that the regularization results in a solution of a generalized average between the a priori estimates and the a posteriori solution. Based on this observation, the optimal regularization factor is defined as the geometric mean between the maximum singular value and the minimum singular value of the sensitivity matrix of responses. The validity of the GMS is demonstrated through two numerical examples with measurement errors and modelling errors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Climate Change on Crop Pests and Diseases: Ensemble Modeling of Time-Varying Weather Effects

The impacts of climate change on crop yields have been extensively studied worldwide, yet the mechanisms underlying changes in yields are not fully understood. This study investigates the relative importance of pest effects using observational data. As weather effects could vary depending on the timing of exposure, I model time-varying weather effects by separating the entire cropping season into thousands of possible growth-stage combinations and select the top-performing models using the cross-validation method. The empirical application reveals that the proposed method achieves a much better prediction performance than conventional methods. By simulating climate change impacts in central and southern Japan, I find that crop yields decrease by approximately 10% and 30% for rice and wheat, respectively. However, pest effects only explain one-tenth of the overall effect of climate change, which suggests that climate change will harm crop growth directly, rather than through disease and pest epidemics.
In-Hospital Mortality and Its Predictors among Hospitalized Diabetes Patients: A Prospective Observational Study

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the leading health emergencies of the 21st century and among the top ten causes of death among adults globally in 2017. Although Ethiopia has been victimized by the growing prevalence of DM, data regarding in-hospital mortality among admitted diabetic patients in Ethiopia, specifically in Jimma Medical Center (JMC), are lacking. Objective The aim of the study is to assess in-hospital mortality and its predictors among DM patients admitted to Jimma Medical Center. Methods A hospital-based prospective observational study was employed involving 120 diabetes patients admitted to JMC from October 01, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Data were collected on variables related to the patient, disease, medication, and clinical outcomes. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6. 0.4 for cleaning and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Kaplan–Mayer and cox-regression analyses were used to compare the survival experience and to determine the predictors of clinical outcomes, respectively. Hazard ratio with its two-sided p value <0.05 was considered to declare the statistical significance. Result Of 120 DM patients, 81 (67.5%) of them were males. The in-hospital mortality was 13.34% (16/120). Rural residence (AHR: 3.46; 95% CI (1.12, 9.81)), age (AHR: 1.03; 95% CI: (1.001, 1.059)), admission with diabetic ketoacidosis (AHR: 5.01; 95% CI (1.12, 21.88)), and multiple comorbidities: five comorbidities (AHR: 9.65; 95% CI (1.07, 19.59)) and six comorbidities (AHR: 14.02; 95% CI (1.74, 21.05)) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. On the other hand, exposure to nonantidiabetic medications decreased the hazard of mortality by 86.5% (AHR: 0.135; 95% CI (0.04, 0.457)). Conclusion This study showed the rate of in-hospital mortality was noticeably high. The study showed that rural residence, age, DKA, and having comorbidities (five and six) were the statistically significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. In contrast, the use of nonantidiabetic medications such as statins, ASA, and other antihypertensive agents before admission remained protective. Thus, proper strategies have to be devised to improve in-hospital mortality among admitted DM patients.
Concentration Test for Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) and Thiamin in Murashige and Skoog Medium on The Orchid Sub-Culture Dendrobium SP By In-Vitro

The Dendrobium orchid is one type with special features and many variations. This study aims to determine the administration of various concentrations of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and Thiamin to Dendrobium sp orchid explants on Murashige And Skoog media. The design used in this study was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 treatment levels (F = FeSO4 and T = Thiamin) with three replications. Namely: F0 (Without FeSO4), F1 (FeSO4 26.8 mg/l ), F2 (FeSO4 27.8 mg/l), F3 (FeSO4 28.8 mg/l), and T0 (Without Thiamin), T1 (Thiamin 0.1 mg/l), T2 (Thiamin 0.2 mg/l) l), T3 (Thiamin 0.3 mg/l). Based on the study results, by giving various concentrations of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) had a single effect on the shoots quantity parameters with the best treatment found in treatment with an average shoots quantity (.03 ea), F3 for shoot height parameters (1.37 cm), for the total leaves (6.14), for the roots quantity (5.17), and root length were found in treatment with an average of 1.29 cm on the Dendrobium sp. Orchid explants. For the treatment of various concentrations of Thiamin, the single effect on the number of shoots with the best treatment was found at an average (3.44 ea), for the shoot height parameter (0.98 cm), and for the leaves quantity (6.14 ea), for the root length parameter (1.28 cm). The interaction significantly affected the observed parameters, namely the number of shoots with treatment (giving FeSO4 28.8 mg/l and Thiamin 0.3 mg/l) with an average shoot quantity of 1.71 (ea).
A theoretical instability strip for rapidly oscillating Ap stars

The mechanism responsible for exciting high-order acoustic oscillations in rapidly oscillating Ap stars is still an open issue. Recently, Balmforth et al. (hereafter BCDGV) proposed a model according to which high-frequency oscillations may be excited in roAp stars if the intensities of the magnetic fields present in these stars are sufficiently large to suppress convection at least in some region of their envelopes. Using models similar to those proposed by BCDGV, we predict the theoretical edges of the instability strip appropriate to roAp stars and compare them with the observations. Moreover, we discuss our results in the light of some of the systematic differences found between roAp stars, noAp stars and Ap stars in general. We suggest that a combination of intrinsic differences between these types of stars and a bias related to the frequencies of the unstable oscillations might hold the explanation to some of the differences observed.
Coastal sedimentation and topographic changes in the Mataram Plain, Lombok (Indonesia) following the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano

The 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano, Indonesia, buried the entire island of Lombok beneath various thicknesses of pyroclastic material during this Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7 event. This study aims to reconstruct the paleo‐topography of western Lombok before the Samalas eruption in 1257 CE and analyse the sedimentation processes that led to its landscape evolution over the last 700 years. Stratigraphic data were collected from various surveys, such as outcrops, coring, drilling, hand auger and wells observation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were performed to complement the stratigraphic data. A combination of stratigraphy, ERT and topographic data from various sources (topographic map, Digital Elevation Model Nasional [DEMNAS] and Real Time Kinematic [RTK] measurement) is employed to determine the depth of the paleo‐surface. Topographic modelling was performed by subtracting the delta‐DEM (DDEM) from the current‐DEM (CDEM). The result of this operation is a paleo‐DEM, which is used to reconstruct the paleo‐hydrographic features such as shoreline positions and river channels. Modelling results demonstrate that the relief has not been significantly modified, except in lowland areas, which is the sediment accumulation zone. River channels have experienced minor changes, except for the location of the river mouth and the degree of meandering. Significant changes occurred at the shoreline that has prograded by approximately 1.6 km during the last 700 years. A schematic model is built to illustrate the evolution processes of the study area, consisting of the pre‐eruption condition, the immediate post‐eruption condition and development of the current condition. This model further develops the previously proposed model with a higher resolution and simultaneously revises the estimated boundary of the pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposit from previous work.
A Local Approach to Certain Classes of Finite Groups

Abstract We develop several local approaches for the three classes of finite groups: T-groups (normality is a transitive relation) and PT-groups (permutability is a transitive relation) and PST-groups (S-permutability is a transitive relation). Here a subgroup of a finite group G is S-permutable if it permutes with all the Sylow subgroup of G.
Contribution of Mesoscale Convective Complexes to Rainfall in Sahelian Africa: Estimates from Geostationary Infrared and Passive Microwave Data

Abstract The contribution of mesoscale convective complexes to the July–September rainfall in Sahelian Africa is assessed using passive microwave data from the Special Sensor Microwave Image and infrared (IR) data from the European Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (Meteosat). A simple precipitation-estimation procedure, which takes advantage of the good time resolution of the IR and the strong relationship between the microwave radiance and rainfall, is developed and applied. The microwave technique uses the 37- and 86-GHz brightness temperatures to define the rain areas and the 86-GHz ice scattering signal to determine the rainfall intensity. The IR cloud shield areas are defined by the 219 K threshold. Regression analyses are used to relate the microwave-derived precipitation characteristics of the system and the IR data closest to the time of the SSM/I observation. These relationships are used to compute the precipitation characteristics of the total set of systems and to determine their monthly .