Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of different levels of sodium chloride and glucose on fermentation of sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis) by Lactobacillus sakei 2a

Lactobacillus sakei 2a is a bacteriocin producer strain. In this study, it's effects as a starter culture in the curing process of sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) fillets were studied at different concentrations of NaCl (2, 4, 6%) and glucose (2, 4%). After 21 days of fermentation, the spoilage microorganisms population reached 9.7 Log10 CFU g-1 corresponding to 6% NaCl and 4% glucose. With no addition of glucose and starter culture, sardine fillets began spoilage 72 hours after fermentation, even when 6% NaCl was used. Little differences were observed in lactic acid production when 2 and 4% glucose were added, since total acidity was 1.32 and 1.34% respectively, the experiments with 6% NaCl presented the best results. Initial pH of sardine fillets was 6.0 and after 21 days pH values were 3.8, 3.9 and 4.0 for the experiments with 2, 4 and 6% NaCl respectively. This could have been due to the inhibitory properties of NaCl over the spoilage microorganisms. After 21 days of the fermentation, the levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were 14.5 Log10 CFU.g-1.
The PATS Peer Support Program: Prevention/Early Intervention for Adolescents Who Have a Parent with Mental Illness.

PATS (Paying Attention to Self) is a peer support program for adolescent children of parents with a diagnosed mental illness. The program aims to promote positive mental health, reduce the likelihood of mental health difficulties, increase young people's coping skills and empower them to meet their own and their families' needs. PATS combines peer support, group work, high levels of youth participation, a wide range of ongoing activities, and opportunities to develop useful life skills with lots of fun along the way. Central to the success of PATS is the belief that programs shaped by young people, for young people, will be attractive to young people.
Effect of Breed on Microstructure and Tenderness of Porcine Semimembranosus Muscle

Abstract The objective of the study was to analyse the effect of breed on characteristics of muscle fibres, parameters of intramuscular connective tissue, collagen content, intramuscular fat (IMF) content and tenderness of semimembranosus muscle in pigs. The study was conducted with 16 Złotnicka Spotted (ZS) and 23 Polish Landrace (PL) fattening pigs slaughtered at 210 days of age. The current study showed that compared to the PL breed, the semimembranosus muscle from the local breed of ZS pigs was characterized by a greater percentage of type I fibres, a smaller percentage of type IIB fibres and a smaller diameter of all the three muscle fibre types analysed, while the muscles of PL pigs had significantly thinner endomysium and perimysium and a more compact arrangement of collagen fibres, with a significantly lower percentage of collagen in the muscle and a lower content of total and soluble collagen compared to the muscles of ZS pigs. Furthermore, meat from ZS pigs was more tender (lower shear force value) and had a significantly higher IMF content compared to meat from PL pigs.
On the Interaction of Person and Situation in a General Theory of Crime

In this article, deviant action is analyzed on the basis of ideas derived from Gottfredson and Hirschi’s self-control theory. Presumedly, self-control in interaction with opportunities can explain deviant action. This assumption is elaborated using the concept of highand low-cost situations from rational choice theory. From this point of view, the hypotheses are that self-control predicts deviant action in low-cost situations, whereas utility predicts deviant action in high-cost situations. Two test strategies are employed in an empirical examination of these hypotheses. A standardized questionnaire was presented to a sample of 494 German adults aged 18 to 80. The results of both test strategies show that the assumptions of an interaction effect between self-control and opportunities are fundamentally supported.
Effects of sequential depositional basins on lake response to urban and agricultural pollution: a palaeoecological analysis of the Qu'Appelle Valley, Saskatchewan, Canada

1. Palaeolimnological analyses of fossil diatoms and pigments were conducted in four lakes of the Qu'Appelle Valley, Saskatchewan, Canada, to quantify the effect of upstream depositional basins on lake response to urban and agricultural human activities. Pasqua, Echo, Mission and Katepwa lakes exhibit similar modern limnological characteristics, lie sequentially downstream from urban point sources of growth-limiting nitrogen (N), yet drain similarly large areas of farmland (38–40 × 103 km2). 2. Analyses indicated that all lakes were naturally productive, contained eutrophic diatoms (i.e. Stephanodiscus niagarae, S. hantzchii, S. parvus and Aulacoseira granulata), and supported blooms of colonial (as myxoxanthophyll) and potentially toxic N-fixing cyanobacteria (aphanizophyll), even prior to the onset of European settlement (ca. 1890) and urban development (ca. 1930). 3. The onset of agricultural practices ca. 1890 had only modest effects on algal communities in the Qu'Appelle lakes, with subtle increases in eutrophic diatom species (Pasqua, Mission and Katepwa lakes) and 25–50% increases in pigment-inferred algal abundance (Echo, Mission and Katepwa lakes). 4. Despite naturally high production, total algal abundance (β-carotene) in upstream Pasqua Lake increased by more than 350% after intense urbanization beginning ca. 1930, while eutrophic diatoms became more common and cyanobacteria populations increased ten-fold. Principal components analysis (PCA) explained 64% of diatom variance, and identified three eras corresponding to baseline, pre-agricultural communities (1776–1890), an era of high production (ca. 1925–1960) and recent variable community composition following tertiary treatment of urban sewage (ca. 1977–1990). 5. Analyses of three downstream lakes demonstrated that urban impacts following 1930 remained evident in fossil profiles of β-carotene and myxoxanthophyll, but that large blooms of N-fixing cyanobacteria were restricted to the past 25 years at downstream Mission and Katepwa lakes. Similarly, PCA showed that fossil diatom assemblages exhibited little directional variation until the 1970s. 6. Together, these analyses support the hypothesis that upstream lakes were effective at reducing the impacts of point-source urban nutrients on downstream lakes. In contrast, diffuse agricultural activities had only limited impacts on water quality and these were less well ameliorated by upstream basins.
Shifting the natural fission plane of Holothuria atra (Aspidochirotida, Holothuroidea, Echinodermata)

Fission stimulation involves the fission plane as the division area. In natural fission of Aspidochirote and Dendrochirotida, only a single fission plane is present. This paper presents successful assays of shifting the natural fission plane. The experiment was conducted in July 2007, when two stimulated areas were applied on each of 20 individuals of Holothuria atra. New tentacles and new anal pores started to appear in week 7 after division in anterior group (A) and posterior group (P), respectively. The middle group (M), which did not carry both mouth and anal complex, regenerated slightly slower than the A and P groups. Eleven individuals of the M group developed both tentacles and anal pore in week 9, and the number increased subsequently. When the experiment was terminated in week 12, the survival rate reached 96.67%. In induced fission, the natural fission plane was unlikely to be a definitive area of body division; therefore, in such experiments, the great potential of regeneration was expressed more than the phenomenon of induced asexual reproduction.
Patentes de universidades e institutos públicos de pesquisa e a transferência de tecnologia para empresas no Brasil

Esta tese discute o posicionamento das universidades e institutos publicos de pesquisa em um sistema nacional de inovacao, apresenta estatisticas dos depositos de patentes destas instituicoes e analisa o papel da patente como um mecanismo de transferencia de tecnologia. E apresentado um survey pioneiro sobre a transferencia de tecnologia de universidades e institutos publicos de pesquisa no Brasil. Esta pesquisa, a respeito de 271 transferencias de tecnologia realizadas por grupos de pesquisas de todo o Brasil, apresenta contribuicoes ineditas para a literatura, como por exemplo, a comparacao do tipo de tecnologia transferida com o mecanismo utilizado em sua transferencia e os beneficios academicos que as universidades e institutos publicos de pesquisa podem obter pela interacao empresas. O Capitulo 1 procura situar a universidade e os institutos de pesquisa no sistema nacional de inovacao, de modo a destacar as suas contribuicoes e relacoes com outros agentes que contribuem para o desenvolvimento e a difusao das inovacoes tecnologicas. O aumento da participacao das universidades na atividade de patenteamento e analisado no Capitulo 2. O capitulo 3 busca contribuir para a literatura sobre transferencia de tecnologia. O objetivo principal e avaliar o papel das patentes no processo de transferencia de tecnologia. No Capitulo 4 e discute se a universidade deve patentear suas invencoes ou nao. Os resultados sugerem que a patente nao e uma pre-condicao para que haja uma relacao onde ocorra a transferencia de tecnologia, mas a importância da patente passa a ser consideravel quando a tecnologia em questao se trata de um novo produto e a empresa possui capacidade de absorcao.
Underground systems of Asteraceae species from the Brazilian Cerrado1

Abstract Underground systems of Asteraceae species from the Brazilian Cerrado. The aim of this study was to describe the underground systems structure, the origin of the shoot buds, and to identify the storage reserve of seven Asteraceae species in order to understand the adaptive strategies of these species in burned Cerrado areas and their higher frequency in the floristic surveys for herbaceous and undershrub layers of this biome. The subterranean systems types—diffuse underground system, rhizophore, tuberous roots, and xylopodium—varied among the studied species, but all of them have high shoot bud-forming potential. Fructans of the inulin type were detected as storage substances. The presence of these characteristics on the underground systems could explain the frequency of these species in the floristic surveys from the Brazilian Cerrado, in which fire and seasonal drought are frequent. It is possible that the belowground bud banks in the Cerrado biome are as important as demonstrated in North American prairies where fire is also frequent. However, in the Cerrado, as demonstrated here, there are types of underground systems other than rhizomes that are usually described in the prairie. Understanding the anatomical features of these plants is one of the steps to appropriate conservation management of these species in the Cerrado.
The effects of different irrigation levels on flowering and flower quality of carnation ( Dianthus caryophllus L.) irrigated by drip irrigation

Water usage is a vital issue for all agricultural crops as well as for ornamental crops. To obtain high quality flowers, it is essential to supply water when it is required. A problem which is common with cut flower growers are determining when to irrigate and the amount of water to apply. The effect of two irrigation intervals (I 1 : 10 mm pan evaporation and I 2 : 20 mm pan evaporation) and four pan coefficients (Pc 1 = 0.60 Epan, Pc 2 = 0.90 Epan, Pc 3 = 1.20 Epan and Pc 4 = 1.50 Epan) based on the amount of evaporation measured by a Class A Pan (CAP) on flower yield and flower quality of carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. “Judith”) plant grown in a plastic greenhouse and irrigated by a drip irrigation system under Mediterranean conditions was investigated. Irrigation intervals varied from 1 to 6 days in I 1 and 4 to 12 days in I 2 treatments. Both irrigation intervals (I) and pan coefficient (Pc) significantly influenced carnation yield. Maximum yields were obtained from the I 1 Pc 3 treatment as 6.7 and 6.8 flowers per plant and minimum yields from the I 2 Pc 1 treatment as 5.6 flowers per plant in the first and second year of the experiment, respectively. Similarly, irrigation intervals and pan coefficient had significant different effects on quality parameters such as flower stem length, flower stem diameter, stem weight, flower diameter, and vase life. Better flower quality was obtained from the treatments of higher frequency irrigations with high pan coefficients compared to lower frequency irrigations with lower pan coefficients. In conclusion, I 1 Pc 3 irrigation regime is recommended for growing cut flower carnation in order to obtain higher yield with improved quality. Key words : Carnation, irrigation, Class A Pan, pan coefficient.
Part B

Part B 1 Additional Information about Entry – up to 1 x A4 page. Rationale for the Program Mental health problems are common in the community, so members of the public are likely to have close contact with people affected. However, many people are not well informed about how to recognize mental health problems, how to provide support and what are the best treatments and services available. Furthermore, many people developing mental disorders do not get professional help or delay getting professional help. Someone in their social network who is informed about the options available for professional or other support can assist the person to get appropriate help. In mental health crises, such as a person feeling suicidal, deliberately harming themselves, having a panic attack or being acutely psychotic, someone with mental health first aid skills can reduce the risk of the person coming to harm. There is also stigma and discrimination against people with mental health problems, which may be reduced by improving public understanding of their experiences.
Persistence and Structure of the Fish Assemblage in a Small California Stream

The persistence and structure of a small but morphologically diverse fish assemblage of a California stream was examined to see if it had the characteristics of a deterministically regulated or stochastically regulated community. We evaluated persistence by monitoring the fish populations for 5 yr and examined resource use by measuring summer microhabitats and diets of each species. We also compared the microhabitats and diets of the juveniles and adults of each species to investigate the hypothesis that in stream fish assemblages at low diversity, juvenile fishes essentially function ecologically as separate species. Species composition in each of four stream sections was persistent over the 5—yr period, which included extreme flood conditions. Differences in species composition among sections reflected differences in their physical characteristics. The most abundant species were segregated by habitat, microhabitat, and/or diet. In addition, in all but one species, young—of—year were ecologically segrega.
Middle Miocene elasmotheriine Rhinocerotidae from China and Mongolia: taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships

Eight elasmotheriine rhinocerotid species have been described from the Middle Miocene of China and Mongolia. In this paper a revised taxonomy is presented based on direct observation and comparison of the available material. A phylogenetic analysis based on 282 morphological characters has led to the reappraisal of Procoelodonta Matthew, 1931, Caementodon Heissig, 1972 and Huaqingtherium Huang & Yan, 1983. The genus Procoelodonta is split into three subgenera: P. (Procoelodonta) Matthew, 1931, P. (Begertherium) Beliaeva, 1971, and P. (Pasalarhinus subg. n). The genus Caementodon is split into two subgenera: C. (Caementodon) Heissig, 1972 and C. (Beliajevina) Heissig, 1974. Four species are assumed to have occurred in the Middle Miocene within the area studied: Procoelodonta (Procoelodonta) mongoliense (Osborn, 1924), ‘P.’ (Begertherium) borissiaki (Beliaeva, 1971), ‘Caementodon’ (Beliajevina) fangxianense (Yan, 1979) and Huaqingtherium lintungense (Zhai, 1978) (=‘Caementodon tongxinensis’ Guan, 1988 =‘Huaqingtherium qiui’ Guan, 1993 =‘Hispanotherium tungurense’ Cerdeño, 1996). Shennongtherium hypsodontus Huang & Yan, 1983 is removed from the Elasmotheriina, owing to dental characters which suggest that it is a teleoceratine. The distribution of the main characters later seen in Elasmotherium is briefly discussed. The persistence and diversity of the Elasmotheriina throughout the Middle Miocene help explain how minute brachyodont animals gave rise to the mammoth‐sized hypsodont Elasmotherium.
Modelling the combined effect of an obligate predator and a facultative predator on a common prey: lynx Lynx lynx and wolverine Gulo gulo predation on reindeer Rangifer tarandus

Abstract In conservation and management of large predators, effects of species are often considered separately. However, predators often interact with one another in different ways (e.g. interspecific competition, intra guild predation and kleptoparasitism) that may influence the total predation on a common prey. We estimated the total number of semi-domestic reindeer Rangifer tarandus killed by Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and wolverine Gulo gulo at different relative abundances of the two species using a model based on diet, food requirements of lynx and wolverine and amount of food available on a reindeer. Our model suggests that total predation decreases by approximately 7.9% (± 4.8 SD) if wolverines scavenge on lynx-killed reindeer, compared to a model without scavenging. If the management goal is a constant number of predators, the model suggests that the total kill rate will be lowest in areas with only wolverines, as the estimated wolverine kill rate is much lower than the lynx kill rate. Our model showed that it is unlikely that the lowest number of reindeer killed per predator individual will be at a certain lynx-wolverine ratio, which would appear if lynx consumption of killed reindeer is low and wolverines are very efficient finding lynx-killed reindeer. However, if the management goal is a constant number of lynx and wolverines, the model suggests that the total predation is lower, if lynx and wolverines coexist in the same area compared to existing separately in different areas. The total predation by wolverine and lynx on reindeer is very important for the management of lynx and wolverine in the reindeer husbandry area in Sweden, as the current compensation scheme for predator-killed semi-domestic reindeer is based on the number of predators present within a reindeer herding district, and the compensation for wolverine and lynx is added independently of one another.
Locking condylar plate: best device to treat supracondylar fractures of the femur

Background: Supracondylar fractures of the femur in adults account for only 7% of all femoral fractures. However, these fractures present with numerous complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of locking condylar plate in supracondylar fractures of femur in adults.Methods: This study was based on 25 patients of supracondylar fracture of the femur treated with locking condylar plate at Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mukka, Suratkal, Mangalore. The patients were followed up for 1 year.Results: In present study, 84% fractures were sustained due to road traffic accidents. In 23 (92%) patients, full weight bearing was achieved at 20 weeks while only 2 (8%) patients required more than 20 weeks. 80% of cases required less than 16 weeks for union while 20% required more than 16 weeks. Average injury to surgery time was 3.62 days in the present series. Superficial stitch infection occurred in two cases. Deep infection occurred in a grade 2 compound fracture in a male who was treated initially with debridement and antibiotics.Conclusions: Good results are seen by distal femur locking condylar plate alone. It is the main implant of choice for distal femur fractures of all varieties. Best outcome is expected if fracture fixation is done following all the basic principles of fracture fixation. Advantage of the mechanical properties of a locking plate is definitely useful.
Successional dynamics of Cynosurus pasture after abandonment in Podkrkonoší

Between 1996–2002, successional dynamics on an abandoned pasture in Předni Ždirnice (lat. 50°32’N, long. 15°40’E) was examined. A 7-year study was performed on the abandoned mesotrophic pasture classified as Cynosurion Tuxen 1947 at the start of the study. Two permanent plots (100 m 2 ) were established and sampled three times a year; changes in plant species composition (species cover) and plant species diversity (species number) were studied. Species assemblages of the Cynosurus pasture were described, E1 (herb layer) and E2 (shrub layer) covers were calculated and a secondary succession in the plant community was evaluated. Abandonment caused the decrease in the cover of the species sensitive to shading – e.g. Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, Trifolium repens, Lathyrus pratensis, Plantago major, Stellaria graminea, Vicia cracca. Contrary to this, the cover of Calamagrostis epigejos, Rubus sp. , Galium album, Galium verum, Knautia arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys increased, probably due to their ability to spread by clonal growth and as a result
Attraction and direct establishment of primary and secondary honey bee swarms using swarm-tissue sachets

Summary In an effort to attract swarms within an apiary and to induce their direct establishment in hive-traps, we investigated the use of a new honey bee swarm attractant in the form of a small sachet containing a wet-wipe tissue, including geranic acid, citral, geraniol and rose oil as attractants. When swarm-tissues sachets were placed in hive traps at a distance of either 5 or 30m from the colonies, 60% of the swarms were established directly and permanently inside hive traps. All established swarms were secondary, headed by virgin queen(s). No primary swarm was attracted. When swarm-tissue sachets were placed in hive traps and were also hung in nearby tree branches, 90.9% of the swarms were attracted. Nine primary swarms formed clusters around the swarm attractant sachets while one secondary swarm was attracted and established directly in a hive trap.