Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental changes in the Bornholm Basin as deduced from the geochemistry of short and long sediment cores

Kunzendorf, H. , Larsen, B. 2009. Environmental changes in the Bornholm Basin as deduced from the geochemistry of short and long sediment cores. Baltica, 22 (2), Vol. 101-110. Vilnius. ISSN 0067-3064. Abstract Several short sediment cores were taken in the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea, mainly during a large marine geological European Union research project (MAST, BASYS). A long box core exceeding 5 m length was also recovered during the project. Pb/Cs dating was conducted on all the short cores. Because of irregular radioactivity curves observed in some of the short cores, they were regarded as disturbed by mainly anthropo- genic activity. All the short core sediment samples were analysed for selected major, minor and trace elements by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX). A dated short sediment core showed increasing Cu and Zn since the 1920s but declining metal contents since the 1980s. Because there are no laminated sediments ob- served in the short cores, mainly oxic depositional conditions are suggested. Therefore, there was also no Mo mineralisation and/or rodochrosite deposition observed in the sediments. The chemical data for the long core showed a significant upwards decreasing trend for K, and this may most likely be explained by the gradual dilution of the sediments with finer, mainly carbon-containing particles. A most interesting curve is obtained for the trace element Br in the long core, suggesting several salinity optima during the Litorina Sea and present time sedimentation stages.
LIGHT NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID HYDROCARBON WEATHERING AT SOME JP-4 FUEL RELEASE SITES

A fuel weathering study was conducted for database entries to estimate natural LNAPL weathering and source-term reduction rates for use in natural attenuation models. A range of BTEX weathering rates from mobile LNAPL plumes at eight field sites with known release dates was documented. Free-phase fuel BTEX weathering rates varied among sites and were influenced by many factors. First-order weathering rate for five JP-4 fuel sites was 16%/year. Benzene and toluene exhibited higher weathering rates than ethylbenzene and xylene, as expected, because of higher water solubility. The primary weathering mechanism of mobile LNAPL was dissolution. Meaningful determination of mobile LNAPL weathering rates for BTEX in gasoline was difficult because of the large ranges of initial BTEX values.
Seasonal Movement of Burbot in Relation to Temperature and Discharge in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA and British Columbia, Canada

Movements of 11 sonic tagged burbot Lota lota were examined in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA and Kootenay River and Kootenay Lake, British Co- lumbia, Canada through up to three spawning seasons. Our objectives were to deter- mine seasonal movements, differences in behavior of individual burbot, and the role of temperature and discharge on prespawn movement. Burbot demonstrated multiple movement patterns: 3 burbot were very mobile, 3 appeared to be intermediate in ac- tivity, and 5 were sedentary in summer, while 2 of the 11 entered Kootenay Lake and returned to the river. Most burbot began in autumn what may have been prespawn migrations when river temperatures fell to a range of 3.0-4.9°C. Six burbot entered the Goat River during the spawning season, of which five showed a multiple-year pattern of fidelity, and four returned to an apparent home pool and then exhibited sedentary behavior until the following winter. Three of the 11 burbot demonstrated an apparent nonspawning or rest year, but this was thought to be habitat-related. Logistic regression analysis of three of the six fish entering the Goat River suggested their migration to be best correlated to decreasing temperature and discharge. If the logistic model were representative of the population, then predicted migrations of burbot to the Goat River during winter would have followed a consistent pattern in November preLibby Dam, while postLibby Dam showed migrations to be unpredict- able. Results of this study suggest that burbot had multiple life history patterns and several spawning locations and that rehabilitation measures should promote cooler winter water temperatures less than 5°C and discharges less than 300 m 3 /s.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Zebra Mussel Population Expansion in Lake Champlain, 1994-2010

The spread of zebra mussels is facilitated by currents and human traf�耀c and may be limited by temperature, calcium availability, and productivity. Lake Champlain is an interesting system for examining factors that affect spread of zebra mussels, as the lake has a complex structure consisting of bays separated by islands and causeways, water �耀ows from south to north, temperature and calcium concentrations decrease from south to north, and productivity is highest in southern areas of the lake and in regions of the Northeast Arm. Zebra mussels were �耀rst discovered in Lake Champlain in 1993 and spread to all regions of the lake by 1996. Monitoring was conducted at 24 stations lake-wide between 1994 and
Structure and evolution of volcanic plumbing systems in fold-and-thrust belts: A case study of the Cerro Negro de Tricao Malal, Neuquén Province, Argentina

Magma ascent and emplacement in compressional tectonic settings remain poorly understood. Geophysical studies show that volcanic plumbing systems in compressional environments are vertically partitioned into a deep level subject to regional compression and a shallow level subject to local extension. Such vertical partitioning has also been documented for the plumbing systems of mud volcanoes, implying common, yet unresolved, underlying processes. In order to better constrain the mechanisms governing this depth partitioning of emplacement mechanisms, we studied the structure and evolution of the Cerro Negro intrusive complex emplaced in the Chos Malal fold-and-thrust belt in the foothills of the Neuquen Andes, Argentina. The Cerro Negro intrusive complex consists of sills and N-S–striking dikes that crosscut the sills. The most prominent structures in the study area are N-S–trending folds, and both E- and W-vergent thrusts. We provide new U-Pb ages of 11.63 ± 0.20 Ma and 11.58 ± 0.18 Ma for sills and 11.55 ± 0.06 Ma for a dike, which show that the Cerro Negro intrusive complex was emplaced in a short period of time. Our ages and field observations demonstrate that the emplacement of the Cerro Negro intrusive complex was coeval with the tectonic development of the Chos Malal fold-and-thrust belt. This implies that the dikes were emplaced perpendicular to the main shortening direction. The systematic locations of the dikes at the anticlinal hinges suggest that their emplacement was controlled by local, shallow stresses related to outer-arc stretching at the anticlinal hinge. We conclude that folding-related outer-arc stretching is one mechanism responsible for the vertical partitioning of igneous plumbing systems in compressional tectonic settings.
SILVICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS FOR FOREST PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT WEST OF THE CASCADE CREST

Research and operational trials have identified methods of forest plantation establishment that promote high rates of survival and early growth of tree seedlugs in the Pacific Northwest. Primary reasons for this success are the intensive control of competing vegetation provided by herbicide treatments and the planting of high quality seedlings. This paper discusses the current state of the art in forest plantation establishment in Oregon and Washington west of the crest of the Cascade Range. It considers technologies developed in the last two decades that currently have widespread application on lands managed primarily for wood products. The focus of this review is on even-aged silviculture of conifer seedlings, especially coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga rnemksii W b . ) Franco var. menziesia but other species, silvicultural systems, and regions are considered where appropriate.
Shear-wave polarizations near the North Anatolian Fault – II. Interpretation in terms of crack-induced anisotropy

Summary. The polarizations of shear waves recorded by networks of digital thxee-component seismometers immediately above small earthquakes near the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey display shear-wave splitting on almost all shear-wave seismograms recorded within the shear-wave window. This splitting is incompatible with source radiation-patterns propagating through simple isotropic structures but is compatible with effective anisotropy of the internal structure of the rock along the ray paths. This paper interprets the phenomena in terms of widespread crack-induced anisotropy. Distributions of stress-induced cracks model many features of the observations, and synthetic polarization diagrams calculated for propagation through simulated cracked rock are similar to the observed patterns. This evidence for widespread crack-induced anisotropy lends strong support to the hypothesis of extensive-dilatancy anisotropy (EDA) suggested by laboratory experiments in subcritical crack-growth. The crucial evidence confirming some form of EDA would be observations of temporal changes in shear-wave splitting as the stress field alters the crack density and crack geometry. There is some weak evidence for such temporal changes at one site, but further analysis of suitable digital three-component seismometer networks in seismic areas is required to confirm EDA.
An Analysis of U.S. TIMSS 2015 Mathematics Achievement by Content Domains Across Gender and Ethnicity

: The purpose of this study was to examine mathematic academic achievement of 4th and 8th grade African American, Latinx, and Asian students by gender and content domains of TIMSS 2015 mathematics assessment.Major research findings for this study were: (1)Asianstudents reported higher mean scoresacross all content domains on both fourth and eighth grade TIMSS mathematics tests. (2) When it comes to gender difference of the 4 th graders, the mean scores of African, Latinx, and Asian American boys were higher than their counterparts. However, on 8 th grade tests,African American girls reported higher mean scoresthan African American boyson Geometry, Data & Chance, and Algebra. Moreover, 8 th grade Latinx American girls scored higher than Latinx boys on Algebra. Conclusion and recommendations based on the results were explained.
Insurgency and Socio-Economic Status of Households in Rural Areas of North Central Nigeria

his study examined the impact of insurgency on socio-economic status T of households in rural areas of north central Nigeria between 2000 and 2021. The study adopted survey method to examine the effect of insurgency on socio-economic status of households in rural areas of North-Central Nigeria. Data collected for this study were from primary sources, and they were collected from respondents across seven (7) states in the north-central Nigeria (including the Federal Capital Territory). The sample for this study covered 2100 individuals drawn from 3senatorial zones from each of the seven states. A multi-stage sampling method was used for this study. In the first stage, three senatorial zones were selected from each state through judgmental sampling. To this end, The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method was used to determine the relationships between variables. Cramer's V method was also utilized to determine the statistical significance and provides information about the strength of the relationship between insurgency and socio-economic status of households in rural areas of north central Nigeria. The findings showed that all the indicators of insurgency (ethnic crises, socio-economic crises, and political crises) have negative impact on socio-economic status (health, education, economic activities/income generation, and other socio-economic status) of residents in the rural areas of north central Nigeria. Therefore, it is concluded that insurgency generally has negative impact on socio-economic status of households in rural areas of north central Nigeria. The study recommends that Governments of states in the North-central Nigeria should develop strategies to fight insurgency. To this end, governments must be proactive in dealing with security issues and threats, through modern methods of intelligence gathering, and sharing among security personnel, training, logistics, motivation, and deployment of advanced technology in managing challenges of insecurity in the zone.
Fast and Backward Stable Computation of Roots of Polynomials, Part II: Backward Error Analysis; Companion Matrix and Companion Pencil

This work is a continuation of work by [J. L. Aurentz, T. Mach, R. Vandebril, and D. S. Watkins, J. Matrix Anal. Appl. , 36 (2015), pp. 942--973]. In that paper we introduced a companion QR algorith.
Chinese pleasure travellers in Australia: An analysis of perceived importance and levels of satisfaction

This paper is based upon a research project conducted by one of the authors. Leisure behaviour is operationalised using descriptions of leisure experiences (activities and attractions) common to many of the itineraries of Chinese pleasure travellers. These are then rated in terms of importance and performance (satisfaction) by a sample of Chinese pleasure travellers visiting Australia during a three-month period in late 1998 and early 1999. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is used to present the importance of activities and levels of satisfaction visually on a four-quadrant action grid. The grid highlights where changes or improvements to product as well as to marketing are most needed. Assessments given by different user groups provide further information on possible market segmentation. The usefulness of IPA is compared to statistical analysis, where the same data are analysed using difference of means (t-tests). Some of the differences revealed by IPA are statistically significant, but others are not, and some statistically significant differences are not visually apparent in the IPA grid. The paper concludes that the approach of IPA is most effective when used together with segmentation and statistical analysis of between-group differences.
An Empirical Study of the Influence of the Educational Qualifications of Vice Chancellors on the Management of Universities in South West, Nigeria

he main objective of this study is to establish the extent to which academic T qualifications of Vice Chancellors influence effective management of universities in Nigeria. It adopted a descriptive survey design and it relied on both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was obtained from selected Federal, State and Private Universities in South Western Nigeria. Interviews were conducted with key informants. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as simple percentage and frequency distribution. Secondary data was also obtained through the review of extant literatures from journals, scholarly articles from the internet, books, newspapers articles and data from library archives. The findings of the study revealed that university governance in Nigeria today is nothing but crises management. It also observed that the university system in Nigeria is faced with series of challenges ranging from policy inconsistency, unregulated proliferation of colleges and universities. The study concludes that Vice Chancellor is hub of all the educational efforts and therefore he has to play the role of organizer, leader and business director. An effective University therefore is that in which the Vice Chancellor and his team can achieve this goal of upholding the system concerning the nature and purpose of the university and are bonded together by the belief that student achievement can best be attained through a common mission, common goals and shared governance. The study recommended measures for effective management of universities in Nigeria.
and Racial Bias in

Stereotypes linking Black Americans with guns can have life-altering outcomes, making it important to identify factors that shape such weapon identification biases and how they do so. We report 6 experiments that provide a mechanistic account of how category salience affects weapon identification bias elicited by male faces varying in race (Black, White) and age (men, boys). Behavioral analyses of error rates and response latencies revealed that, when race was salient, faces of Black versus White males (regardless of age) facilitated the classification of objects as guns versus tools. When a category other than race was salient, racial bias in behavior was reduced, though not eliminated. In Experiments 1–4, racial bias was weaker when participants attended to a social category besides race (i.e., age). In Experiments 5 and 6, racial bias was weaker when participants attended to an applicable, yet nonsub-stantive category (i.e., the color of a dot on the face). Across experiments, process analyses using diffusion models revealed that, when race was salient, seeing Black versus White male faces led to an initial bias to favor the “gun” response. When a category besides race (i.e., age, dot color) was salient, racial bias in the relative start point was reduced, though not eliminated. These results suggest that the magnitude of racial bias in weapon identification may differ depending on what social category is salient. The collective findings also highlight the utility of diffusion modeling for elucidating how category salience shapes processes underlying racial biases in behavior.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPKIN SEEDS IN AN INFRARED DRYER

 In this study, drying and rehydration characteristics of pumpkin seeds have been investigated by using infrared technique. The pumpkin seeds dried at 83, 104, 125, 146 and 167 W infrared power levels. An increase in the infrared power resulted in a significant reduction in the drying time. Six thin-layer drying models were applied to describe the drying kinetics. The results indicated that the Midilli et al. model was the best model to characterize the drying kinetics of pumpkin seeds. The moisture effective diffusivity calculated from the second Fick’s law of diffusion ranged from 8.39×10 −10 m 2 /s to 2.55×10 −9 m 2 /s, and increased with the increase in infrared power. The value of activation energy determined from the slope of the Arrhenius plot, ln( D eff ) versus m/p, was calculated as 4.63 kW/kg.
Syllabic Patterns in the Early Vocalizations of Syllabic Patterns in the Early Vocalizations of Quichua Children Quichua Children

Tounderstand the interactions between production patterns common to children regardless of language environment and the early appearance of production effects based on perceptual learning from the ambient language requires the study of languages with diverse phonological properties. Few studies have evaluated early phonological acquisition patterns of children in non-Indo-European language environments. In the current study, across-and within-syllable consonant–vowel co-occurrence patterns in babbling were analyzed for a 6-month period for seven Ecuadorean Quichua learning children who were between 9 and 17 months of age at study onset. Their babbling utterances were compared to the babbling of six English-learning children between 9 and 22 months of age. Child patterns for both languages were compared with Quichua and English ambient language patterns. Babbling output was highly similar for the child groups: Quichua and English children’s babbling demonstrated similar predicted within-syllable (coronal-front vowel, labial-central vowel, dorsal-back vowel) patterns, and across-syllable manner variegation patterns for consonants. These patterns were observed at signiﬁcantly greater rates in the child groups than in the respective adult language input patterns, suggesting production system inﬂuences common to children across languages rather than ambient language perceptual learning effects during these children’s babbling period.
Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University

Objective . Brain computer interface (BCI) technology can be important for those unable to communicate due to loss of muscle control. Given that the P300 Speller provides a relatively slow rate of communication, highly accurate classification is of great importance. Previous studies have shown that alternative stimuli (e.g. faces) can improve BCI speed and accuracy. The present study uses two new alternative stimuli, locations and graspable tools. Functional MRI studies have shown that images of familiar locations produce brain responses in the parahippocampal place area and graspable tools produce brain responses in premotor cortex. Approach . The current studies show that location and tool stimuli produce unique and discriminable brain responses that can be used to improve offline classification accuracy. Experiment 1 presented face stimuli and location stimuli and Experiment 2 presented location and tool stimuli. Main results . In both experiments, offline results showed that a stimulus specific classifier provided higher accuracy, speed, and bit rate. Significance . This study was used to provide preliminary offline support for using unique stimuli to improve speed and accuracy of the P300 Speller. Additional experiments should be conducted to examine the online efficacy of this novel paradigm.
Comparison of Oceansat-2 Winds with RAMA buoy Measurements in the Indian Ocean

The oceans are the potential sources of food, fuel and minerals which can support our future generations on this planet earth. They play an important role in regulating the weather and climate. Our dependence on oceans shall continue to increase in many ways. Therefore, the study of our oceans and their dynamic behaviour from space borne sensors which provides useful and widespread information to the scientific community are essential for research and development. In this regard, Oceansat-2 is the second in the series of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellite which was launched on 23 September 2009 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Department of Space (DOS), Government of India is currently providing wind speed and direction data (www.nrsc.gov.in) over the globe with two days repeativity. In this study, a sample Oceansat-2 winds have been compared and correlated with a selected RAMA (The Research Moored Array for African-Asian- Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction) buoy measurements (www.pmel.noaa.gov) in the Indian Ocean by colocating both the data in space and time. The results are quite encouraging. Such comparisons of satellite measurements with the sea truth from available locations are highly essential for validating the space borne measurements which are required for understanding the physics of the oceans, spatio-temporal variability over the oceans and predicting the atmospheric weather as well as the ocean environment, besides various other research and civilian applications.