Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsteady Boundary Layer Separation.

Abstract : A new separation criterion for two-dimensional unsteady boundary layers is proposed here. This criterion is derived by analogy, from its counterpart for steady, three-dimensional boundary layer. Analogous limiting streamlines for the unsteady, two-dimensional case are first defined, and an envelope of these streamlines is used to signify unsteady separation. To demonstrate this procedure, two previously studied problems are recalculated here. These are the unsteady responses to (1) a sudden change in velocity in Howarth's problem, and (2) an impulsively-started circular cylinder. Our conclusion regarding separation for the cylinder problem disagrees with that of the Telionis and Tsahalis based on the singularity criterion, but appears to be consistent with the prediction of Proudman and Johnson. Finally, we propose a three-dimensional, unsteady separation criterion on the basis of repeated applications of either the steady, three-dimensional separation criterion at successive times or the unsteady, two-dimensional separation criteion at fixed coordinate planes. (Author)
HIV testing among transgender and nonbinary persons in Michigan, United States: results of a community‐based survey

Transgender (trans) and nonbinary people (TNB) are disproportionately impacted by HIV. HIV testing is critical to engage TNB people in HIV prevention and care. Yet, scant literature has examined social and structural factors associated with HIV testing among TNB people of diverse genders and in geographies with potentially lower trans acceptance. We: (1) characterized the prevalence of never having been tested for HIV; and (2) identified associated factors, among TNB people in Michigan, United States.
MODELING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE LSST IN SURVEYING THE NEAR-EARTH OBJECT POPULATION

We have performed a detailed survey simulation of the LSST performance with regards to near-Earth objects (NEOs) using the project’s current baseline cadence. The survey shows that if the project is able to reliably generate linked sets of positions and times (a so-called “tracklet”) using two detections of a given object per night and can link these tracklets into a track with a minimum of three tracklets covering more than a ∼12 day length-of-arc, then they would be able to discover 62% of the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) larger than 140 m in its projected 10 year survey lifetime. This completeness would be reduced to 58% if the project is unable to implement a pipeline using the two detection cadence and has to adopt the four detection cadence more commonly used by existing NEO surveys. When including the estimated performance from the current operating surveys, assuming these would continue running until the start of LSST and perhaps beyond, the completeness fraction for PHAs larger than 140 m would be 73% for the baseline cadence and 71% for the four detection cadence. This result is a lower completeness than the estimate of Ivezić et al.; however, the result is quite close to that of Jones et al., who show ∼70% completeness using the identical survey cadence as used here. We show that the traditional method of using absolute magnitude H < 22 mag as a proxy for the population with diameters larger than 140 m results in completeness values that are too high by ∼5%. Our simulation makes use of the most recent models of the physical and orbital properties of the NEO and PHA populations, as well as simulated cadences and telescope performance estimates provided by the LSST project. The consistency of the results presented here when compared to those of Jones et al. demonstrates the robustness of these survey modeling approaches. We also show that while neither LSST nor a space-based IR platform like NEOCam individually can complete the survey for 140 m diameter NEOs, the combination of these systems can achieve that goal after a decade of observation.
MarIA: Spanish Language Models

This work presents MarIA, a family of Spanish language models and associated resources made available to the industry and the research community. Currently, MarIA includes RoBERTa-base, RoBERTa-large, GPT2 and GPT2-large Spanish language models, which can arguably be presented as the largest and most proficient language models in Spanish. The models were pretrained using a massive corpus of 570GB of clean and deduplicated texts with 135 billion words extracted from the Spanish Web Archive crawled by the National Library of Spain between 2009 and 2019. We assessed the performance of the models with nine existing evaluation datasets and with a novel extractive Question Answering dataset created ex novo. Overall, MarIA models outperform the existing Spanish models across a variety of NLU tasks and training settings.
Overview of PoliticEs 2022: Spanish Author Profiling for Political Ideology

: This paper presents the PoliticEs 2022 shared task, organized at Iber-LEF 2022 workshop, within the framework of the 38th International Conference of the Spanish Society for Natural Language Processing. This task aims to extract the political ideology from a given user’s set of tweets. Specifically, it focused on the identification of the gender and the profession, as demographic traits
TMRT OBSERVATIONS OF CARBON-CHAIN MOLECULES IN SERPENS SOUTH 1a

We report Shanghai Tian Ma Radio Telescope (TMRT) detections of several long carbon-chain molecules in the C and Ku bands, including HC3N, HC5N, HC7N, HC9N, C3S, C6H, and C8H toward the starless cloud Serpens South 1a. We detected some transitions (HC9N J = 13–12, F = 12–11, and F = 14–13; H13CCCN J = 2–1, F = 1–0, and F = 1–1; HC13CCN J = 2–1, F = 2–2, F = 1–0, and F = 1–1; HCC13CN J = 2–1, F = 1–0, and F = 1–1) and resolved some hyperfine components (HC5N J = 6–5, F = 5–4; H13CCCN J = 2–1, F = 2–1) for the first time in the interstellar medium. The column densities of these carbon-chain molecules in the range 1012–1013 cm−2 are comparable to two carbon-chain molecule rich sources, TMC-1 and Lupus-1A. The abundance ratios are 1.00:(1.11 ± 0.15):(1.47 ± 0.18) for [H13CCCN]:[HC13CCN]:[HCC13CN]. This result implies that the 13C isotope is also concentrated in the carbon atom adjacent to the nitrogen atom in HC3N in Serpens South 1a, which is similar to TMC-1. The [HC3N]/[H13CCCN] ratio of 78 ± 9, the [HC3N]/[HC13CCN] ratio of 70 ± 8, and the [HC3N]/[HCC13CN] ratio of 53 ± 4 are also comparable to those in TMC-1. Serpens South 1a proves to be a suitable testing ground for understanding carbon-chain chemistry.
Quench dynamics and defect production in the Kitaev and extended Kitaev models

We study quench dynamics and defect production in the Kitaev and the extended Kitaev models. For the Kitaev model in one dimension, we show that in the limit of slow quench rate, the defect density n∼1/√τ, where 1/τ is the quench rate. We also compute the defect correlation function by providing an exact calculation of all independent nonzero spin correlation functions of the model. In two dimensions, where the quench dynamics takes the system across a critical line, we elaborate on the results of earlier work [K. Sengupta, D. Sen, and S. Mondal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 077204 (2008)] to discuss the unconventional scaling of the defect density with the quench rate. In this context, we outline a general proof that for a d-dimensional quantum model, where the quench takes the system through a d−m dimensional gapless (critical) surface characterized by correlation length exponent ν and dynamical critical exponent z, the defect density n∼1/τmν/(zν+1). We also discuss the variation of the shape and spatial extent of the defect correlation function with both the rate of quench and the model parameters and compute the entropy generated during such a quenching process. Finally, we study the defect scaling law, entropy generation and defect correlation function of the two-dimensional extended Kitaev model.
Overview of Rest-Mex at IberLEF 2022: Recommendation System, Sentiment Analysis and Covid Semaphore Prediction for Mexican Tourist Texts

This paper presents the framework and results from the Rest-Mex task at IberLEF 2022. This task considered three tracks: Recommendation System, Sentiment Analysis and Covid Semaphore Prediction, using texts from Mexican touristic places. The Recommendation System task consists in predicting the degree of satisfaction that a tourist may have when recommending a destination of Nayarit, Mexico, based on places visited by the tourists and their opinions. On the other hand, the Sentiment Analysis task predicts the polarity of an opinion issued and the attraction by a tourist who traveled to the most representative places in Mexico. We have built corpora for both tasks considering Spanish opinions from the TripAdvisor website. As a novelty, the Covid Semaphore Prediction task aims to predict the color of the Mexican Semaphore for each state, according to the Covid news in the state, using data from the Mexican Ministry of Health. This paper compares and discusses the participants' results for all three tacks.
Ground-State Phase Diagram of the Two-Dimensional Extended Bose-Hubbard Model

Research Center for Nano-Micro Structure Science and Engineering,Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan(Dated: June 19, 2012)We investigate the ground-state phase diagram of the soft-core Bose-Hubbard model with thenearest-neighbor repulsion on a square lattice by using an unbiased quantum Monte Carlo method.In contrast to the previous study[P. Sengupta et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 207202 (2005)], wepresent the ground-state phase diagrams up to large hopping parameters. As a result, in additionto the known supersolid above half-ﬁlling, we ﬁnd supersolid even below and at half-ﬁlling forlarge hopping parameters. Furthermore, for the strong nearest-neighbor repulsion, we show thatthe supersolid phase occupies a remarkably broad region in the phase diagram. The results arein qualitative agreement with that obtained by the Gutzwiller mean-ﬁeld approximation[M. Iskin,Phys. Rev. A 83, 051606(R) (2011) and T. Kimura, Phys. Rev. A 84, 063630 (2011)].
FAR-ULTRAVIOLET DIFFUSE EMISSION FROM THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD

We present the first observations of diffuse radiation in the far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1000–1150 Å) from the Large Magellanic Cloud based on observations made with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. The fraction of the total radiation in the field emitted as diffuse radiation is typically 5%–20% with a high of 45% near N70 where there are few exciting stars, indicating that much of the emission is not due to nearby stars. Much less light is scattered in the FUV than at longer wavelengths, with the stellar radiation going into heating the interstellar dust.
Investigation of the emerging physical mechanisms limiting the reliability of nanoscale Flash memories

F lash memory is today the leading solid-state non-volatile memory technology, allowing high integration density, low costs and good reliability. The continuous scaling has been the main driver of the success of this technology, pushing it, however, to its physical limits: the reduction of the array pitch is today limited by the increasing capacitive coupling among adjacent cells, the low number of electrons controlling cell state is raising issues related to the discrete nature of the charge flux from/to the floating gate, single electrons stored in the tunnel oxide result into more and more severe threshold voltage instabilities during read and data retention. Aim of this thesis is to study the emerging physical mechanisms limiting the reliability of ultra-scaled Flash memories, highlighting from a theoretical standpoint the fundamental limitations to the functionality of nanoscale memory arrays. All the work has been carried out with a scaling perspective, trying to assess the ultimate scaling limitations and to propose feasible solutions able to extend the success of the Flash technology to the future technology nodes. A particular attention, moreover, has been devoted to then analysis and assessment of qualifications schemes for ultra-scaled Flash arrays. In Chapter 1, the fundamentals of Flash memory are presented and the major reliability issues of Flash technology are discussed in a scaling perspective. Finally, the future trends of Flash technology are considered, discussing possible evolutionary approaches which may be able to bring Flash into the Terabit regime and concluding with a glance at non-charge based technologies for innovative memory architectures. A detailed investigation of threshold voltage instabilities after cycling on nanoscale NAND Flash is presented in Chapter 2, highlighting their dependence not only on the bake but also on the cycling conditions, in terms of temperature and time. Experimental characterizations and data analyses assess the validity of a universal model for damage recovery after distributed cycling, allowing the development of accelerated test schemes reproducing the real on-field usage of the devices. Chapter 3 presents a detailed compact-modeling investigation of the string
Low-resource AMR-to-Text Generation: A Study on Brazilian Portuguese

: This work presents a study of how varied strategies for tackling low-resource AMR-to-text generation for three approaches are helpful in Brazilian Portuguese. Specifically, we explore the helpfulness of additional translated corpus, different granularity levels in input representation, and three preprocessing steps. Results show that translation is useful. However, it must be used in each approach differently. In addition, finer-grained representations as characters and subwords improve the performance and reduce the bias on the development set, and preprocessing steps are helpful in different contexts, being delexicalisation and preordering the most important ones
BEYOND THE KUIPER BELT EDGE: NEW HIGH PERIHELION TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS WITH MODERATE SEMIMAJOR AXES AND ECCENTRICITIES

We are conducting a survey for distant solar system objects beyond the Kuiper Belt edge (∼50 au) with new wide-field cameras on the Subaru and CTIO telescopes. We are interested in the orbits of objects that are decoupled from the giant planet region to understand the structure of the outer solar system, including whether a massive planet exists beyond a few hundred astronomical units as first reported in 2014 by Trujillo & Sheppard. In addition to discovering extreme trans-Neptunian objects detailed elsewhere, we found several objects with high perihelia (q > 40 au) that differ from the extreme and inner Oort cloud objects due to their moderate semimajor axes (50 < a < 100 au) and eccentricities (e ≲ 0.3). Newly discovered objects 2014 FZ71 and 2015 FJ345 have the third and fourth highest perihelia known after Sedna and 2012 VP113, yet their orbits are not nearly as eccentric or distant. We found several of these high-perihelion but moderate orbit objects and observe that they are mostly near Neptune mean motion resonances (MMRs) and have significant inclinations (i > 20°). These moderate objects likely obtained their unusual orbits through combined interactions with Neptune’s MMRs and the Kozai resonance, similar to the origin scenarios for 2004 XR190. We also find the distant 2008 ST291 has likely been modified by the MMR+KR mechanism through the 6:1 Neptune resonance. We discuss these moderately eccentric distant objects along with some other interesting low inclination outer classical belt objects like 2012 FH84 discovered in our ongoing survey.
Pulsar spin–velocity alignment: further results and discussion

The reported alignment between the projected spin-axes and proper motion directions of pulsars is revisited in the light of new data from Jodrell Bank and Effelsberg. The present investigation uses 54 pulsars, the largest to date sample of pulsars with proper motion and absolute polarization, to study this effect. Our study has found strong evidence for pulsar spin–velocity alignment, excluding that those two vectors are completely uncorrelated, with >99 per cent confidence. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of orthogonal spin–velocity configurations, comparison of the data with simulations shows that the scenario of aligned vectors is more likely than that of the orthogonal case. Moreover, we have determined the spread of velocities that a spin-aligned and spin-orthogonal distribution of kicks must have to produce the observed distribution of spin–velocity angle offsets. If the observed distribution of spin–velocity offset angles is the result of spin-aligned kicks, then we find that the distribution of kick-velocity directions must be broad with ; if the orthogonal-kick scenario is assumed, then the velocity distribution is much narrower with . Finally, in contrast to previous studies, we have performed robustness tests on our data, in order to determine whether our conclusions are the result of a statistical and/or systematic bias. The conclusion of a correlation between the spin and velocity vectors is independent of a bias introduced by subsets in the total sample. Moreover, we estimate that the observed alignment is robust to within 10 per cent systematic uncertainties on the determination of the spin-axis direction from polarization data.
Magnetorotationally driven wind cycles in local disc models

Jets, from the protostellar to the AGN context, have been extensively studied but their connection to the turbulent dynamics of the underlying accretion disc is poorly understood. Following a similar approach to Lesur et al. (2013), we examine the role of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the production and acceleration of outflows from discs. Via a suite of one-dimensional shearing-box simulations of stratified discs we show that magneto-centrifugal winds exhibit cyclic activity with a period of 10-20 Omega^{-1}, a few times the orbital period. The cycle seems to be more vigorous for strong vertical field; it is robust to the variation of relevant parameters and independent of numerical details. The convergence of these solutions (in particular the mass loss rate) with vertical box size is also studied. By considering a sequence of magnetohydrostatic equilibria and their stability, the periodic activity may be understood as the succession of the following phases: (a) a dominant MRI channel mode, (b) strong magnetic field generation, (c) consequent wind launching, and ultimately (d) vertical expulsion of the excess magnetic field by the expanding and accelerating gas associated with the wind. We discuss potential connections between this behaviour and observed time-variability in disk-jet systems.
Evaluating Contextualized Vectors from both Large Language Models and Compositional Strategies

: In this article, we compare contextualized vectors derived from large language models with those generated by means of dependency-based compositional techniques. For this purpose, we make use of a word-in-context similarity task. As all experiments are conducted for the Galician language, we created a new Galician evaluation dataset for this specific semantic task. The results show that compositional vectors derived from syntactic approaches based on selectional preferences are competitive with the contextual embeddings derived from neural-based large language models
Citizens' information behavior in relation to electronic-government services: a systematic review

Purpose – Government information and services are increasingly delivered online through the Internet or other digital means. To benefit citizens, such e-government must be incorporated in their government-related information behavior. This study reviews citizens’ information behavior in relation to e-government. Design/methodology/approach – Following procedures for systematic reviews, this study reviews 53 papers about citizens’ e-government information behavior. Findings – The review finds that citizens (1) employ a rich set of quality, accessibility, and non-utilitarian criteria in their perception of e-government, (2) use e-government in combination with offline channels, (3) choose channels on the basis of demographic and situational factors, (4) make frequent use of interpersonal sources, and (5) may or may not achieve the intended outcome of their e-government information behavior. E-government information behavior has a lot in common with information behaviors in other domains, but it also accentuates certain facets of information behavior, such as the simultaneous use of multiple channels. In addition, mixed findings are common. Originality – E-government shapes how citizens satisfy their government-related information needs. This study provides an overview of the otherwise scattered research on this information behavior. Research limitations/implications – Interpersonal sources, both lay and professional, are integral to citizens’ e-government information behavior. Yet, theoretical frameworks for understanding information behavior tend to focus on the individual citizen. Practical implications – On its own, e-government is most suited for simpler problems. More complex problems require an information behavior that combines e-government with interpersonal sources.
Electromagnetic wave chaos in photonic crystals

Similarities in the form of the Schrodinger equation that governs the behaviour of electronic wavefunctions, and Maxwell’s equations which govern the behaviour of electromagnetic waves, allow ideas that originated in solid state physics to be easily applied to electromagnetic waves in photonic structures. While electrons moving through a semiconductor experience a periodic variation in charge, in a photonic crystal electromagnetic waves experience a periodic variation in refractive index. This leads to ideas such as bandstructure being applicable to the one and two dimensional photonic crystals used in this work. The following work will contain theoretical and experimental studies of the transmission through, and electric fields within, one dimensional photonic crystals. A slow variation in the structure of these crystals will lead to the bandstructure shifting, with an photonic analogy of electronic Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark ladders being seen in these structures. The two dimensional photonic crystals will be shown, through Hamiltonian ray tracing, to support both stable and chaotic ray paths. Examination of the phase space reveals the existence of ‘Dynamical Barriers’, regions in phase space supporting stable ray trajectories that divide separate regions in which the ray trajectories are chaotic. Various manners in which the bandstructure may be varied will be presented, along with a proposed switch that may be made using these structures. While the ray tracing will be carried out in photonic crystals in the limit of infinitesimally thin dielectric sheets, the model will then be developed to show the bandstructure of a photonic crystal made from finite width dielectric sheets, with examples of dispersion surfaces for these structures being presented.