Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESOLVED IMAGES OF LARGE CAVITIES IN PROTOPLANETARY TRANSITION DISKS

Circumstellar disks are thought to experience a rapid “transition” phase in their evolution that can have a considerable impact on the formation and early development of planetary systems. We present new and archival high angular resolution (0.″3 ≈ 40–75 AU) Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the 880 μm (340 GHz) dust continuum emission from 12 such transition disks in nearby star-forming regions. In each case, we directly resolve a dust-depleted disk cavity around the central star. Using two-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations, we interpret these dust disk structures in a homogeneous, parametric model framework by reproducing their SMA continuum visibilities and spectral energy distributions. The cavities in these disks are large (Rcav = 15–73 AU) and substantially depleted of small (∼μm-sized) dust grains, although their mass contents are still uncertain. The structures of the remnant material at larger radii are comparable to normal disks. We demonstrate that these large cavities are relatively common among the millimeter-bright disk population, comprising at least 1 in 5 (20%) of the disks in the bright half (and ⩾26% of the upper quartile) of the millimeter luminosity (disk mass) distribution. Utilizing these results, we assess some of the physical mechanisms proposed to account for transition disk structures. As has been shown before, photoevaporation models do not produce the large cavity sizes, accretion rates, and disk masses representative of this sample. A sufficient decrease of the dust optical depths in these cavities by particle growth would be difficult to achieve: substantial growth (to meter sizes or beyond) must occur in large (tens of AU) regions of low turbulence without also producing an abundance of small particles. Given those challenges, we suggest instead that the observations are most commensurate with dynamical clearing due to tidal interactions with low-mass companions—very young (∼1 Myr) brown dwarfs or giant planets on long-period orbits.
Activation pattern of nuclear factor-kB in skin after mechanical stretch - A multiscale modeling approach

The activation of NF-kB is an important precursor in developing melanoma. However the role of mechanical stimulation in the NF-kB activation has not been studied. We used a multiscale computational modeling approach to investigate the role of mechanical stimulation and the skin tissue internal structures in the activation of NF-kB. Our model is made up of three levels – 1) the macro level where a FE model of the Zygomaticus major muscle was developed; 2) the meso level where a micro FE model of the skin block using a sample from human cadaver was developed; 3) the cell level where a system of ODEs were used to describe the activation of NF-kB under mechanical stimulation. Our results indicate that the activation of NF-kB is highly dependent on the skin geometry and internal structures as well as the type of mechanical stimulation. In particular, our results showed that the flattening of the dermal-epidermal junction due to aging may play an important role in the activation of NF-kB. The future works include the extending of the current multiscale model to the whole face to quantitatively analyze the influence mechanical stimulation and tissue properties on the activation of NF-kB pathways.
Factors Associated with Physical Activity in a Diverse Older Population

Physical activity is important for healthy aging, but few older adults achieve the goal of 150 min per week of moderate activity. The purpose of this study was to employ a robust statistical approach in the analysis of the factors related to physical activity in a diverse sample of older adults. A secondary analysis of factors associated with calculated MET-h/week was conducted in a sample of 601 African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, European Americans, and Hispanic Americans age 59 to 96 living independently in the community. Age, education, social network, pain, and depression were the five variables that accounted for a statistically significant proportion of unique variance in the model. The strongest correlation to total MET-h/week was with depression. Directionality of the relationship between these variables and physical activity is complex: while pain and depression can reduce physical activity, activity may also help to reduce pain and depression. Additionally, of note is that many of these factors may be modified, calling for the design and testing of individual, group, and community level interventions to increase physical activity in the older population.
Improving the understandability of the next edition of the International System of Units (SI) by focusing on its conceptual structure

Abstract The International System of Units (SI) is fundamental for the social, and not only the scientific, role of metrology, and as such its understandability is a crucial issue. The SI is officially presented in a document commonly called the “SI Brochure”, published by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). According to the current draft of the new SI Brochure, the next edition of the SI will be significantly more complex in its conceptual structure than the previous ones. Identifying a strategy for effectively communicating its main contents is then a worthwhile endeavor, in order to increase the acceptance and thus the sustainability of the SI itself. Our proposal is to focus on the structure of the definitions, while omitting all physical contents, which are inaccessible to most potential readers: this is instrumental to the awareness campaigns recommended by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) to make the next edition of the SI understandable by a diverse readership without compromising scientific rigour. By unpacking the structural contents, the structure of definitions that we finally propose has the merit not only of being understandable, but also of highlighting the fundamental nature of metrology: a complex body of knowledge intertwining science and technology, society, and language even in its fundamental definitions.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT USE SYSTEMS ON TOTAL AND MINERALIZABLE ORGANIC CARBON IN A SANDY SOIL

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on total organic carbon (TOC) contents and stocks and the daily and total evolution of mineralizable carbon (C-CO2) in a sandy-textured Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo. The study was carried out in Eldorado, MS, in a reference area of Native Forest (NF) and three managed areas: Permanent Pasture (PP), Direct Sowing b(DS), and an area of Private Natural Heritage Reserve (PNHR) in the process of natural regeneration. Soil samples from the 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m layers were collected to assess soil density (Sd), TOC contents, with subsequent calculations of the stratification index (SI), carbon stock (StockC), and variation of the total organic carbon stock (∆StockC), in addition to the determination of daily emission and calculation of total C-CO2 accumulation. The NF area had the highest levels and stocks of TOC, reaching 16.42 g kg-1 and 20.90 Mg ha-1, respectively. On the other hand, the PP and PNHR areas had the lowest content and StockC. The areas of PP, DS, PNHR, and NF presented SI values of 1.08, 1.13, 1.32, and 1.61, respectively. The NF area showed higher peaks and a higher total accumulation of C-CO2, inferring the highest biological activity in this area. By multivariate analysis, none of the managed areas was close to the NF in quality. The worst results considering the evaluated attributes were observed in the areas of PP and PNHR due to the stage of degradation of these areas as a result of exploration and land use history.
Neutrinos in non-linear structure formation — the effect on halo properties

We use N-body simulations to find the effect of neutrino masses on halo properties, and investigate how the density profiles of both the neutrino and the dark matter components change as a function of the neutrino mass. We compare our neutrino density profiles with results from the N-one-body method and find good agreement. We also show and explain why the Tremaine-Gunn bound for the neutrinos is not saturated. Finally, using N-body simulations we study how the halo mass function changes as a function of the neutrino mass and compare our results with the Sheth-Tormen semi-analytic formulae. Our results are important for surveys which aim at probing cosmological parameters using clusters, as well as future experiments aiming at measuring the cosmic neutrino background directly.
Interaction of meloxicam and phenylbutazone on the level of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice

The reason for the recent study was to inspect the therapeutic efficacy of meloxicam and phenylbutazone alone with their analgesic interaction and their subsequent inhibitory interaction at the level of cyclooxygenase-2 in mice. Meloxicam and phenylbutazone had the analgesic-median effective doses (ED50s) of 15.57 and 119.73 mg/kg, i.p., respectively, given once to mice separately as determined by the up-and-down procedure using a hot plate method. The estimated analgesic ED50s for meloxicam and phenylbutazone combination were at 12.84 and 98.75 mg/kg, i.p., correspondingly when given together at a ratio of 1:1 of their ED50s. The isobolographic analysis reveals that the analgesic interaction between meloxicam and phenylbutazone was antagonistic, as indicated by the interaction index of 1.65. The ELISA technique was used to estimate the cyclooxygenase-2 activity, reflecting that meloxicam or phenylbutazone significantly inhibited the cyclooxygenase-2 activity by 72 and 90%, respectively, compared to the control group. The combination composed of meloxicam and phenylbutazone has a lower limit of inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 activity (33%) in comparison to meloxicam or phenylbutazone. Meloxicam and phenylbutazone coadministration were significantly different from the control, meloxicam, and phenylbutazone groups concerning the cyclooxygenase-2 activity in mice. The sum of the data concluded that meloxicam and phenylbutazone have an excellent analgesic efficacy when administered alone. In contrast, the mixture of these two drugs has no benefit because of the antagonistic interaction at cyclooxygenase-2 in mice.
SPATIALLY RESOLVED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EMISSION FEATURES IN NEARBY, LOW METALLICITY, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

Low-resolution, mid-infrared Spitzer/IRS spectral maps are presented for three nearby, low-metallicity dwarf galaxies (NGC 55, NGC 3109, and IC 5152) for the purpose of examining the spatial distribution and variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission. The sample straddles a metallicity of 12 + log(O/H) ≈ 8, a transition point below which PAH intensity empirically drops and the character of the interstellar medium changes. We derive quantitative radiances of PAH features and atomic lines on both global and spatially resolved scales. The Spitzer spectra, combined with extensive ancillary data from the UV through the mid-infrared, allow us to examine changes in the physical environments and in PAH feature radiances down to a physical scale of ∼50 pc. We discuss correlations between various PAH emission feature and atomic line radiances. The (6.2 μm)/(11.3 μm), (7.7 μm)/(11.3 μm), (8.6 μm)/(11.3 μm), (7.7 μm)/(6.2 μm), and (8.6 μm)/(6.2 μm) PAH radiance ratios are found to be independent of position across all three galaxies, although the ratios do vary from galaxy to galaxy. As seen in other galaxies, we find no variation in the grain size distribution as a function of local radiation field strength. Absolute PAH feature intensities as measured by a ratio of PAH/(24 μm) radiances are seen to vary both positionally within a given galaxy and from one galaxy to another when integrated over the full observed extent of each system. We examine direct comparisons of CC mode PAH ratios (7.7 μm)/(6.2 μm) and (8.6 μm)/(6.2 μm) to the mixed (CC/CH) mode PAH ratio (7.7 μm)/(11.3 μm). We find little variation in either mode and no difference in trends between modes. While the local conditions change markedly over the observed regions of these galaxies, the properties of PAH emission show a remarkable degree of uniformity.
Radiation driven outflow in active galactic nuclei: the feedback effects of scattered and reprocessed photons

We perform time-dependent, two-dimensional, hydrodynamical, numerical simulations to study the dynamics of a slowly rotating accretion flow from sub-pc to pc scales under the irradiation from the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). Compared to previous work, we improve the calculation of the radiative force due to X-rays. More importantly, in addition to radiative pressure and radiative heating/cooling directly from the central AGN, in the momentum equation we also include the force due to the scattered and reprocessed photons. We find that the accretion flow properties change significantly due to this 're-radiation' effect. The inflow rate at the inner boundary is reduced, while the outflow rate at the outer boundary is enhanced by about one order of magnitude. This effect is more significant when the density at the outer boundary is higher. The properties of outflows such as velocity, momentum and energy fluxes, and the ratio of outflow rate and the accretion rate are calculated. We find that the efficiency of transferring the radiation power into the kinetic power of outflow is typically 10(-3), far below the value of similar to 0.05 which is assumed in some cosmological simulations. The effect of the temperature of the gas at the outer boundary (T-0) is investigated. When T-0 is high, the emitted luminosity of the accretion flow oscillates. This is because in this case the gas around the Bondi radius can be more easily heated to be above the virial temperature due to its high internal energy. Another question we hope to address by this work is the so-called sub-Eddington puzzle. That is, observations show that the luminosity of almost all AGNs are sub-Eddington, while theoretically the luminosity of an accretion flow can easily be super-Eddington. We find that even when the re-radiation effect is included and outflow does become much stronger, the luminosity, while reduced, can still be super-Eddington. Other observational implications and some caveats of our calculations are discussed.
A Balescu–Lenard-type kinetic equation for the collisional evolution of stable self-gravitating systems

A kinetic equation for the collisional evolution of stable, bound, self-gravitating and slowly relaxing systems is established, which is valid when the number of constituents is very large. It accounts for the detailed dynamics and self-consistent dressing by collective gravitational interaction of the colliding particles, for the system's inhomogeneity and for different constituents' masses. It describes the coupled evolution of collisionally interacting populations, such as stars in a thick disc and the molecular clouds off which they scatter. The kinetic equation derives from the BBGKY hierarchy in the limit of weak, but non-vanishing, binary correlations, an approximation which is well justified for large stellar systems. The evolution of the 1-body distribution function is described in action–angle space. The collective response is calculated using a biorthogonal basis of pairs of density–potential functions. The collision operators are expressed in terms of the collective response function allowed by the existing distribution functions at any given time and involve particles in resonant motion. These equations are shown to satisfy an H theorem. Because of the inhomogeneous character of the system, the relaxation causes the potential as well as the orbits of the particles to secularly evolve. The changing orbits also cause the angle Fourier coefficients of the basis potentials to change with time. We derive the set of equations which describes this coupled evolution of distribution functions, potential and basis Fourier coefficients for spherically symmetric systems. In the homogeneous limit, which sacrifices the description of the evolution of the spatial structure of the system but retains the effect of collective gravitational dressing, the kinetic equation reduces to a form similar to the Balescu–Lenard equation of plasma physics.
Structure of a quantum vortex tangle in 4 He counterflow turbulence

dynamics in a wide range of temperatures and counterflow velocities. We start with the analysis of the macroscopic characteristics of the quantum vortex tangle such as vortex line density, its mean anisotropic and curvature parameters, the mean friction force between normal and superfluid components, the drift velocity of the vortex tangle, etc. Next we proceed to the main goal of the paper and move from the traditional macroscopic approach in terms of mean characteristics of the vortex tangle to the microscopic statistical and kinetic levels of description of quantum turbulence. These include objects that are much less studied or even totally neglected such as the vortex reconnection rates, the correlations and probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the vortex loop lengths, of the line curvature, of the mean curvatures of individual loops, the cross-correlation function between the loop length and its mean curvature, and the autocorrelation function of the vortex-line orientations. This detailed statistical information is required for a deeper understanding of quantum turbulence and for the development of its advanced theoretical description. In addition, we identify which of the studied properties are strongly affected by the choice of the reconnection criteria that are traditionally used in the vortex filament method and which of them are practically insensitive to the reconnection procedure. We conclude that the vortex filament method is sufficiently robust and well-suited for the description of the steady-state vortex tangle in the quantum counterflow.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF THE TYPING MASTER APPLICATION IN STUDENTS OF OFFICE ADMINISTRATION EDUCATION AT THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF SURABAYA USING TAM

This research is focused on users typing master in students in the Office Administration Education Study Program at State University of Surabaya to analyze how the influence of subjective norms, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on intentions to use behavior. This study uses quantitative research method with primary data analysis techniques using a questionnaire that is taken to the respondents. Data analysis method using Partial Least Square (PLS) managed using SmartPLs 3.0 software. The results shows that subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on usage behavior intention, perceived ease of use have a positive and insignificant effect on usage behavior intentions, perceived usefulness have a positive and significant effect on usage behavior intentions and perceived ease of use have a positive and significant effect on usage behavior intentions through perceived usefulness.
Modulations of viscous fluid conduit periodic waves

Modulated periodic interfacial waves along a conduit of viscous liquid are explored using nonlinear wave modulation theory and numerical methods. Large-amplitude periodic-wave modulation (Whitham) theory does not require integrability of the underlying model equation, yet often either integrable equations are studied or the full extent of Whitham theory is not developed. Periodic wave solutions of the nonlinear, dispersive, non-integrable conduit equation are characterized by their wavenumber and amplitude. In the weakly nonlinear regime, both the defocusing and focusing variants of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation are derived, depending on the carrier wavenumber. Dark and bright envelope solitons are found to persist in long-time numerical solutions of the conduit equation, providing numerical evidence for the existence of strongly nonlinear, large-amplitude envelope solitons. Due to non-convex dispersion, modulational instability for periodic waves above a critical wavenumber is predicted and observed. In the large-amplitude regime, structural properties of the Whitham modulation equations are computed, including strict hyperbolicity, genuine nonlinearity and linear degeneracy. Bifurcating from the NLS critical wavenumber at zero amplitude is an amplitude-dependent elliptic region for the Whitham equations within which a maximally unstable periodic wave is identified. The viscous fluid conduit system is a mathematically tractable, experimentally viable model system for wide-ranging nonlinear, dispersive wave dynamics.
Chiral effective field theory calculations of neutrino processes in dense matter

We calculate neutrino processes involving two nucleons at subnuclear densities using chiral effective field theory. Shorter range noncentral forces reduce the neutrino rates significantly compared with the one-pion exchange approximation currently used in supernova simulations. For densities p < 10 14 g cm -3 , we find that neutrino rates are well constrained by nuclear interactions and nucleon-nucleon scattering data. As an application, we calculate the mean-square energy transfer in scattering of a neutrino from nucleons and find that collision processes and spin-dependent mean-field effects dominate over the energy transfer due to nucleon recoil.
DOES EMOTIONAL EATING MEDIATE THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SLEEP DURATION ON FAT INTAKE IN PREGNANT WOMEN?

Pregnant women need nutrients, one of which is fat. High fat intake might occur due to emotional eating. Emotional eating and excessive fat intake are assumed to be caused by low physical activity and insufficient sleep duration. This study purposed to investigate whether emotional eating mediates the effect of physical activity and sleep duration on fat intake in pregnancy. This study used an analytic survey method with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was pregnant women in the second and third trimesters who lived in Bondowoso Regency. Sampling was conducted with a cluster random sampling technique, and 105 subjects were obtained. The research instruments included a 24-hour food recall form, Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaires (PPAQ), and four sleep duration questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) form. Statistical test used path analysis. The direct influences in this study were shown by the variables of physical activity and sleep duration on emotional eating (p-values 0.027 and <0.001), and emotional eating on fat intake of pregnant women (p-value <0.001), respectively. Emotional eating can explain the effect of physical activity and sleep duration on fat intake with the indirect effect value greater than that with the direct effect. The conclusion of this study is that there is a role for emotional eating to mediate the indirect effect of physical activity and sleep duration on fat intake. Women who are pregnant should be able to do dietary habit, regulate sleep, and physical activity.
183 GHz H2O MASER EMISSION AROUND THE LOW-MASS PROTOSTAR SERPENS SMM1

We report the first interferometric detection of 183 GHz water emission in the low-mass protostar Serpens SMM1 using the Submillimeter Array with a resolution of 3″ and rms of ∼7 Jy in a 3 km s−1 bin. Due to the small size and high brightness of more than 240 Jy beam−1, it appears to be maser emission. In total, three maser spots were detected out to ∼700 AU from the central protostar, lying along the redshifted outflow axis, outside the circumstellar disk but within the envelope region as evidenced by the continuum measurements. Two of the maser spots appear to be blueshifted by about 1–2 km s−1. No extended or compact thermal emission from a passively heated protostellar envelope was detected with a limit of 7 Jy (16 K), in agreement with recent modeling efforts. We propose that the maser spots originate within the cavity walls due to the interaction of the outflow jet with the surrounding protostellar envelope. Hydrodynamical models predict that such regions can be dense and warm enough to invert the 183 GHz water transition.