Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Modified Posterior Shoulder Stretching Exercises on Shoulder Mobility, Pain, and Dysfunction in Patients With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

Background: Posterior shoulder stretching exercises (PSSEs) aim to reduce posterior shoulder tightness (PST). Position modification of traditional PSSEs has been suggested to minimize inadequate control of scapular and glenohumeral rotation, possibly leading to increased subacromial impingement. Hypothesis: Modified PSSEs will have positive effects on shoulder mobility, pain, and dysfunction. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: A total of 67 symptomatic patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) and shoulder internal rotation asymmetry were randomly assigned to 3 groups: modified cross-body stretch (MCS) (n = 22; treatment program + MCS), modified sleeper stretch (MSS) (n = 22; treatment program + MSS), and a control group (n = 23; treatment program consisting of only modalities, range of motion [ROM], and strength training but no PSSEs) for 4 weeks. Pain, PST, shoulder rotation ROM, and dysfunction were evaluated. Results: Pain, PST, shoulder rotation ROM, function, and disability improved in all groups (P < 0.05). The MCS and MSS groups had better results compared with the control group with regard to pain with activity, internal rotation ROM, function, and disability (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the stretching groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: All treatments improved pain, shoulder mobility, function, and disability in patients with SIS. However, modified PSSEs in addition to a treatment program was superior to the treatment program alone (without PSSEs) in improving pain with activity, internal rotation ROM, and dysfunction. Moreover, stretching provided clinically significant improvements. Clinical Relevance: Modified PSSEs, in addition to a treatment program, are beneficial for patients with SIS. Both modified cross-body and sleeper stretches are safe and efficacious for improving shoulder mobility, pain, and dysfunction.
Molecular analysis of lymphoid tissue from rhesus macaque rhadinovirus-infected monkeys identifies alterations in host genes associated with oncogenesis

Rhesus macaque (RM) rhadinovirus (RRV) is a simian gamma-2 herpesvirus closely related to human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). RRV is associated with the development of diseases in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) co-infected RM that resemble KSHV-associated pathologies observed in HIV-infected humans, including B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) and lymphoma. Importantly, how de novo KSHV infection affects the expression of host genes in humans, and how these alterations in gene expression affect viral replication, latency, and disease is unknown. The utility of the RRV/RM infection model provides a novel approach to address these questions in vivo, and utilizing the RRV bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system, the effects of specific viral genes on host gene expression patterns can also be explored. To gain insight into the effects of RRV infection on global host gene expression patterns in vivo, and to simultaneously assess the contributions of the immune inhibitory viral CD200 (vCD200) molecule to host gene regulation, RNA-seq was performed on pre- and post-infection lymph node (LN) biopsy samples from RM infected with either BAC-derived WT (n = 4) or vCD200 mutant RRV (n = 4). A variety of genes were identified as being altered in LN tissue samples due to RRV infection, including cancer-associated genes activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA), glypican-1 (GPC1), CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), and Ras dexamethasone-induced 1 (RasD1). Further analyses also indicate that GPC1 may be associated with lymphomagenesis. Finally, comparison of infection groups identified the differential expression of host gene thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), suggesting a possible mechanism by which vCD200 negatively affects RRV viral loads in vivo.
Higher risk of herpes zoster in stroke patients

Background Stroke is a leading cause of death, morbidity and disability worldwide. Infection is a common complication in the acute phase after stroke. Herpes zoster is a common viral disease, in which the most debilitating complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which can have a very large negative impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stroke increases the risk of herpes zoster. Methods This cohort study compared patients who had herpes zoster with and without a first incident of stroke. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was utilized to identify 20,551 stroke patients and 20,551 controls matched for age, gender, age categories and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score categories at a one-to-one ratio. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were employed to estimate herpes zoster risk in the stroke group relative to general population. Results Compared to the control group, the stroke group had a greater risk for herpes zoster, especially within 1 year after stroke (adjust HR = 25.27). Both hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were significantly associated with herpes zoster (hemorrhagic type (IRR = 2.31, 95% CI, 1.67–3.20); ischemic type (IRR = 2.51, 95% CI 2.09–3.02)). However, the hemorrhagic stroke patients had a higher risk of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (IRR = 12.46, 95% CI 4.00–38.76) whereas the ischemic stroke patients had a higher risk of post-herpetic neuralgia (IRR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.56–3.20). Conclusion Physicians should know about that adults with stroke have a higher than normal risk of herpes zoster. Thus, physicians must be acquainted with proper antiviral therapy and pain control to bring down the morbidity that ensues from herpes zoster. Use of herpes zoster vaccine may be considered in stroke patients.
Comparative transcriptome provides molecular insight into defense-associated mechanisms against spider mite in resistant and susceptible common bean cultivars

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major source of proteins and one of the most important edible foods for more than three hundred million people in the world. The common bean plants are frequently attacked by spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), leading to a significant decrease in plant growth and economic performance. The use of resistant cultivars and the identification of the genes involved in plant-mite resistance are practical solutions to this problem. Hence, a comprehensive study of the molecular interactions between resistant and susceptible common bean cultivars and spider mite can shed light into the understanding of mechanisms and biological pathways of resistance. In this study, one resistant (Naz) and one susceptible (Akhtar) cultivars were selected for a transcriptome comparison at different time points (0, 1 and 5 days) after spider mite feeding. The comparison of cultivars in different time points revealed several key genes, which showed a change increase in transcript abundance via spider mite infestation. These included genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis process; a conserved MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) regulatory complex; transcription factors (TFs) TT2, TT8, TCP, Cys2/His2-type and C2H2-type zinc finger proteins; the ethylene response factors (ERFs) ERF1 and ERF9; genes related to metabolism of auxin and jasmonic acid (JA); pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and heat shock proteins.
Viral reactivations following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients – A single center 11-year analysis

Viral reactivation occurs frequently in the context of immunodeficiency and immunosuppression after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and can cause severe complications. The aim of this single-center retrospective analysis was to characterize viral infections in the first year after HSCT, to investigate risk factors and to study the impact of viral infections on transplantation outcome. This will facilitate the identification of at-risk patients and the development of new preventive strategies. 107 pediatric allo-HSCT from January 2005 through December 2015 were analyzed for infections with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), adenovirus (ADV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV). Viral infections were detected after 68.2% of transplantations. The viruses most commonly encountered were HHV-6 (36/107) and EBV (30/107). Severe viral disease was rare (7/107) and none of the patients died as result of viral reactivation. Important risk factors for viral infections were higher age at HSCT, donor type and occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). Especially for EBV, transplant from an unrelated donor and in-vivo T-cell depletion (TCD) had a significant effect on infection rates, whereas for CMV the strongest effect was seen by donor and recipient serostatus with recipient seropositivity most predictive for reactivation. The occurrence of severe aGvHD was associated with EBV and ADV infections. For HSV, the recipient serostatus was identified as prognostic factor for HSV infections, while we found higher age at time of HSCT as risk factor for VZV infections. The overall survival of patients with or without viral infections did not differ significantly. Interestingly, when looking at the 85 patients in our cohort who had received an HSCT for a malignant disease, a tendency towards lower relapse rates was seen in patients affected by viral infections (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.25 – 1.06, p = 0.072). Viral reactivations are common after pediatric allo-HSCT, though severe complications were rare in our collective. Determining risk factors for viral reactivations may help to identify patients in need of intensified monitoring and to individualize preventive strategies.
Regulatory T Cells and Human Disease.

Naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the transcription factor FoxP3 in the nucleus and CD25 and CTLA-4 on the cell surface, are a functionally distinct T cell subpopulation actively engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. Recent studies have facilitated our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of their generation, function, phenotypic and functional stability, and adaptability. It is under investigation in humans how functional or numerical Treg anomalies, whether genetically determined or environmentally induced, contribute to immunological diseases such as autoimmune diseases. Also being addressed is how Tregs can be targeted to control physiological and pathological immune responses, for example, by depleting them to enhance tumor immunity or by expanding them to treat immunological diseases. This review discusses our current understanding of Treg immunobiology in normal and disease states, with the perspective on the realization of Treg-targeting therapies in the clinic. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 38 is April 26, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
CT Imaging Features of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

In this retrospective case series, chest CT scans of 21 symptomatic patients from China infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) were reviewed, with emphasis on identifying and characterizing the most common findings. Typical CT findings included bilateral pulmonary parenchymal ground-glass and consolidative pulmonary opacities, sometimes with a rounded morphology and a peripheral lung distribution. Notably, lung cavitation, discrete pulmonary nodules, pleural effusions, and lymphadenopathy were absent. Follow-up imaging in a subset of patients during the study time window often demonstrated mild or moderate progression of disease, as manifested by increasing extent and density of lung opacities. © RSNA, 2020
Effects of High Forage/Concentrate Diet on Volatile Fatty Acid Production and the Microorganisms Involved in VFA Production in Cow Rumen

Simple Summary The rumen is well known as a natural bioreactor for highly efficient degradation of fibers, and rumen microbes play an important role on fiber degradation. Carbohydrates are fermented by a variety of bacteria in the rumen and transformed into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by the corresponding enzymes. However, the content of forage in the diet affects the metabolism of cellulose degradation and VFA production. Therefore, we combine metabolism and metagenomics to explore the effects of High forage/concentrate diets and sampling time on enzymes and microorganisms involved in the metabolism of fiber and VFA in cow rumen. This study showed that propionate formation via the succinic pathway, in which succinate CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.5) and propionyl CoA carboxylase (EC 2.8.3.1) were key enzymes. Butyrate formation via the succinic pathway, in which phosphate butyryltransferase (EC 2.3.1.19), butyrate kinase (EC 2.7.2.7) and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.1) are the important enzymes. The microorganisms are mainly affected by diet and sampling time. Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the difference in the mechanism of VFAs production combined with macrogenome technology under different forage-to-concentrate ratios and sampling times. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design. The high forage (HF) and high concentrate (HC) diets contained 70 and 35% dietary forage, respectively. The results showed that pH was affected by sampling time, at 4 h after feeding had lower value. Excepted for acetate, the VFAs was increased with forage decreased. Propionate formation via the succinic pathway, in which succinate CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.5) and propionyl CoA carboxylase (EC 2.8.3.1) were key enzymes, and significantly higher in HC treatment than in HF treatment, Selenomonas, Ruminobacter, Prevotella, and Clostridium were the main microorganism that encodes these key enzymes. Butyrate formation via the succinic pathway, in which phosphate butyryltransferase (EC 2.3.1.19), butyrate kinase (EC 2.7.2.7) and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.1) are the important enzymes, Prevotella and Bacteroides played important role in encodes these key enzymes. This research gave a further explanation on the metabolic pathways of VFAs, and microorganisms involved in VFAs production under different F:C ration, which could further reveal integrative information of rumen function.
American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Postoperative Delirium Prevention

Postoperative delirium is a geriatric syndrome that manifests as changes in cognition, attention, and levels of consciousness after surgery. It occurs in up to 50% of patients after major surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased hospital length of stay, higher cost of care, higher rates of institutionalization after discharge, and higher rates of readmission. Furthermore, it is associated with functional decline and cognitive impairments after surgery. As the age and medical complexity of our surgical population increases, practitioners need the skills to identify and prevent delirium in this high-risk population. Because delirium is a common and consequential postoperative complication, there has been an abundance of recent research focused on delirium, conducted by clinicians from a variety of specialties. There have also been several reviews and recommendation statements; however, these have not been based on robust evidence. The Sixth Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI-6) consensus conference brought together a team of multidisciplinary experts to formally survey and evaluate the literature on postoperative delirium prevention and provide evidence-based recommendations using an iterative Delphi process and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Criteria for evaluating biomedical literature.
Factors related to the risk of illness of nursing staff at work in a psychiatric institution*

Objective: identify the associations between the sociodemographic, and work variables, health conditions and lifestyles, and the risks of illness of nursing workers in a psychiatric hospital. Method: analytical cross-sectional study. The sample of 74 workers answered a questionnaire for sociodemographic, work, health conditions and lifestyles survey characterization. The Work Context Assessment Scale and the Human Cost at Work Scale were used to evaluate the perception of the risks of illness in the interviewee’s opinion. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed, with significance of 5%. Results: the factors associated with the risk of illness were: insomnia complaints, night work and workday. Conclusion: the associations between the work variables, health conditions and life habits can harm the health of the nursing staff of a psychiatric hospital.
Electrophysiological Characterization of C9ORF72-Associated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study

Objective: C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of the present study was to determine whether C9ORF72-associated ALS (C9-ALS) patients present distinctive electrophysiological characteristics that could differentiate them from non C9ORF72-associated ALS (nonC9-ALS) patients. Methods: Clinical and electrodiagnostic data from C9-ALS patients and nonC9-ALS patients were collected retrospectively. For electroneuromyography, the mean values of motor conduction, myography, and the mean values of sensory conduction were considered. Furthermore, the proportion of ALS patients with electrophysiological sensory neuropathy was determined. Results: No significant difference was observed between 31 C9-ALS patients and 22 nonC9-ALS patients for mean motor conduction and myography. For sensory conduction analyses, mean sensory conduction was not significantly different between both groups. In total, 38% of C9-ALS patient and 21% of nonC9-ALS patients presented electrophysiological sensory neuropathy (p = 0.33). In C9-ALS patients with electrophysiological sensory neuropathy, 80% (8/10) were male and 67% (6/9) presented spinal onset compare to 25% (4/16, p = 0.014) male and 25% (4/16, p = 0.087) with spinal onset in those without electrophysiological sensory neuropathy. Conclusion: Although not different from nonC9-ALS, these results suggest that sensory involvement is a frequent feature of C9-ALS patients, expanding the phenotype of the disease beyond the motor and cognitive domains.
Respiratory defects in the CrtapKO mouse model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Respiratory disease is a leading cause of mortality in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a connective tissue disease that causes severely reduced bone mass and is most commonly caused by dominant mutations in type I collagen genes. Previous studies proposed that impaired respiratory function in OI patients was secondary to skeletal deformities however recent evidence suggests the existence of a primary lung defect. Here, we analyzed the lung phenotype of CrtapKO mice, a mouse model of recessive OI. While we confirm changes in the lung parenchyma that are reminiscent of emphysema, we show that CrtapKO lung fibroblasts synthesize type I collagen with altered post-translation modifications consistent with those observed in bone and skin. Unrestrained whole body plethysmography showed a significant decrease in expiratory time resulting in an increased ratio of inspiratory time over expiratory time and a concomitant increase of the inspiratory duty cycle in CrtapKO compared to WT mice. Closed chest measurements using the forced oscillation technique showed increased respiratory system elastance, decreased respiratory system compliance, and increased tissue damping and elasticity in CrtapKO mice compared to WT. Pressure-volume curves showed significant differences in lung volumes and in the shape of the curves between CrtapKO mice and WT mice, with and without adjustment for body weight. This is the first evidence that collagen defects in OI cause primary changes in lung parenchyma and several respiratory parameters and thus negatively impact lung function.
Temporal Dynamics of Memory-guided Cognitive Control and Generalization of Control via Overlapping Associative Memories

Goal-directed behavior can benefit from proactive adjustments of cognitive control that occur in anticipation of forthcoming cognitive control demands (CCD). Predictions of forthcoming CCD are thought to depend on learning and memory in two ways: First, through direct experience, associative encoding may link previously experienced CCD to its triggering item, such that subsequent encounters with the item serve to cue retrieval of (i.e., predict) the associated CCD. Goal-directed behavior can benefit from proactive adjustments of cognitive control that occur in anticipation of forthcoming cognitive control demands (CCD). Predictions of forthcoming CCD are thought to depend on learning and memory in two ways: First, through direct experience, associative encoding may link previously experienced CCD to its triggering item, such that subsequent encounters with the item serve to cue retrieval of (i.e., predict) the associated CCD. Second, in the absence of direct experience, pattern completion and mnemonic integration mechanisms may allow CCD to be generalized from its associated item to other items related in memory. While extant behavioral evidence documents both types of CCD prediction, the neurocognitive mechanisms giving rise to these predictions remain largely unexplored. Here, we tested two hypotheses: (1) memory-guided predictions about CCD precede control adjustments due to the actual CCD required; and (2) generalization of CCD can be accomplished through integration mechanisms that link partially overlapping CCD-item and item-item associations in memory. Supporting these hypotheses, the temporal dynamics of theta and alpha power in human electroencephalography data (n = 43, 26 females) revealed that an associative CCD effect emerges earlier than interaction effects involving actual CCD. Furthermore, generalization of CCD from one item (X) to another item (Y) was predicted by a decrease in alpha power following the presentation of the X-Y pair. These findings advance understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory-guided adjustments of cognitive control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cognitive control adaptively regulates information processing to align with task goals. Experience-based expectations enable adjustments of control, leading to improved performance when expectations match the actual control demand required. Using EEG, we demonstrate that memory for past cognitive control demand proactively guides the allocation of cognitive control, preceding adjustments of control triggered by the demands of the present environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that learned cognitive control demands can be generalized through mnemonic integration processes, enabling the spread of expectations about cognitive control demands to items associated in memory. We reveal that this generalization is linked to decreased alpha oscillation in medial frontal channels. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into how memory-control interactions facilitate goal-directed behavior.