Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture for Post-stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) is prevalent in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Potential benefits of acupuncture were shown in recent clinical trials. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of acupuncture for SHS in stroke patients. Methods: Five English databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and AMED) and four Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang) were searched from their inceptions to January 2019. Randomized, controlled trials that evaluated the add-on effects of acupuncture to rehabilitation for post-stroke SHS were identified. Results: Thirty-eight studies involving 3,184 participants fulfilled the eligible criteria and were included in the review. The overall meta-analysis showed that acupuncture combined with rehabilitation significantly improved motor function (upper-limb Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA): 34 studies, mean difference (MD) 8.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [6.69,9.33]), and reduced pain (visual analog scale (VAS): 25 studies, MD −1.59, 95%CI [−1.86,−1.32]). It also improved activities of daily living (ADL) when compared with rehabilitation alone (ADL: 11 studies, MD 9.99, 95%CI [5.91,14.06]). However, the certainty of evidence of all these outcomes was assessed as “low. ” Subgroup analyses of acupuncture stimulation types and treatment duration all showed significant add-on effects comparing with rehabilitation alone. The safety of acupuncture was unclear because there is a lack of detailed reporting of adverse events in most of the included studies. Conclusions: Acupuncture therapy seems effective for motor function, pain relief and activities of daily living in stroke patients with mild SHS, when it is used in combination with rehabilitation. The low certainty of evidence downgrades our confidence in making recommendations to clinical practice.
Recession and Morphological Changes of the Debris-Covered Milam Glacier in Gori Ganga Valley, Central Himalaya, India, Derived From Satellite Data

We analysed the recession of the Milam glacier in the Gori Ganga River valley, Uttarakhand Himalaya using historical plane-table survey maps, topographical maps, Corona image (1968), Landsat 5 TM (1990), Landsat 7 ETM+ (2001) and Sentinel 2 (2017) satellite data. We estimate that the Milam glacier has receded by 1565.4 ± 20.6 m (31.9 ± 0.4 m a-1) over the period 1968-2017, while lower recession rate (21.1 ± 1.7 m a-1) was observed between 2001 and 2017. The Milam glacier lost 2.27 ± 0.06 km2 of its area from 1968 to 2017 due to recession. Two tributary glaciers detached from the main trunk between 1990 and 2017, which indicates glacier thinning and melting. The glacier recession also resulted in deformation of moraine ridges on either sides in lower ablation zone of Milam glacier, which is caused due to the removal of basal ice support caused by glacier melting.
Role of Ancillary Techniques in Fluid Cytology

The cytologic evaluation of serous effusions may be challenging for a number of reasons. Distinction of benign, reactive conditions from malignancy represents the main focus when examining these specimens. The morphologic diagnosis of malignancy may be difficult due to the relative paucity of abnormal cells. In other situations, cellularity is not an issue, but the ability to confidently identify a second, foreign (i.e., tumor) population within a background mesothelial cells on the basis of cytomorphologic features alone may pose problems. Cases with definitive morphologic evidence of malignancy may require additional studies in order to determine the tumor subtype and, in the case of carcinoma, the primary site of origin. Cases in which a definitive and precise diagnosis of malignancy is made may be optimal candidates for further molecular testing in order to gain prognostic information and guide personal therapeutic decisions. Finally, while an inflammatory or infectious condition can be suggested on the basis of cellular components and associated background elements, the identification of causative agent(s) may be difficult without additional studies. In all of these situations, the use of ancillary studies and techniques is critical; their utility and appropriate application are the subject of this review.
Beer or Ethanol Effects on the Body Composition Response to High-Intensity Interval Training. The BEER-HIIT Study

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted as a time-efficient strategy to improve body composition but concomitant beer intake, which is common among physically active individuals, may interfere with these effects. The primary aim of this study is to determine the effects of a 10-week (2 days/week) HIIT program on anthropometric and body composition measurements, and to assess whether those effects are influenced by the moderate consumption of beer (at least 5 days/week), or its alcohol equivalent. Young (24 ± 6 years old) healthy adults (n = 72, 35 females) volunteered for a non-training group (Non-Training group) or for HIIT training. Those going for training choose whether they preferred to receive alcohol or not. Those choosing alcohol were randomly allocated for receiving beer (5.4%; T-Beer group) or the equivalent amount of alcohol (vodka; T-Ethanol group) in sparkling water. Those choosing no-alcohol were randomly allocated for receiving alcohol-free beer (0.0%; T-0.0Beer group) or sparkling water (T-Water group). From Monday through Friday, men ingested 330 mL of the beverage with lunch and 330 mL with dinner; women ingested 330 mL with dinner. Before and after the intervention, anthropometry and body composition, through dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry, were measured. No changes in body mass, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue or bone mineral density occurred in any of the groups. By contrast, in all the training groups, significant decreases in fat mass together with increases in lean mass (all p < 0.05) occurred. These positive effects were not influenced by the regular intake of beer or alcohol. In conclusion, a moderate beer intake does not blunt the positive effect of 10-week HIIT on body composition in young healthy adults.
Physical Activity, Insulin Sensitivity, and Metabolic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

D O I: 10 . 2 51 79 /t je m . 2 01 861 91 6 Objective: To assess insulin sensitivity and physical activity level (PAL) and their relationship with demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and Methods: We evaluated 150 adults with T1DM using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine PAL and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) for insulin sensitivity. The patients were divided into three groups according to PAL [inactive (n=48), moderately active (n=55), and highly active (n=47)] and into two groups according to eGDR [<8.16 mg·kg–1·min–1 [n=67] and ≥8.16 mg·kg–1·min–1 (n=83)]. Results: According to eGDR values, 44.6% of 150 patients were insulin resistant. Insulin resistant patients were older and heavier and had higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and serum glycemic and lipid parameters than insulin sensitive patients, and had nephropathy and a family history of DM. No significant differences in PAL were found according to insulin sensitivity between the groups. According to eGDR values, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and glomerular filtration rate were positively correlated. In terms of clinical and metabolic parameters, except for gender distribution, no differences were found among the PAL groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of insulin resistance was high in Turkish adults with T1DM and a meaningful correlation was evident between eGDR and disease control parameters. PAL assessed by the IPAQ was similar between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive patients.
RC Benefits of Advanced Metallization Options

We address RC scaling trends and predict the performance benefits of advanced metallization options with respect to conventional Cu/low-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> interconnects. The range of interconnect dimensions we cover spans from the 22 nm to the 3 nm logic technology node. We show that Ru and Co fills can significantly reduce resistance at narrow pitches. At 12 nm half-pitch, line and via resistance can be lowered by up to 36% and 75%, respectively, by replacing Cu with barrierless Ru fill; by using hybrid Cu metallization with Co via-prefill, at 12 nm half-pitch via resistance can be lowered by up to 42% in 87° tapered vias and up to 52% in chamfered vias. As far as capacitance is concerned, Ru fill can enable interconnect schemes without dielectric liner. In this case, the line capacitance can be substantially reduced by using linerless replacement low-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or air-gap schemes, whose benefits become more significant at narrow pitches, when one accounts for low-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sidewall damage in conventional low-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> schemes and takes these as a reference.
Reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic subjects alters microvascular tissue oxygenation during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia

What is the central question of the study? Are measures of reduced insulin sensitivity in young, normoglycaemic subjects correlated with near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived microvascular responsiveness [tissue oxygen saturation reperfusion rate (STO2 upslope)] during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia? What is the main finding and its importance? A sevenfold range of hepatic insulin sensitivity is significantly correlated (r = 0.44, P = 0.02) with STO2 upslope after transient tissue ischaemia. Near‐infrared spectroscopy may be an important tool for determining altered microvascular function before onset of hyperglycaemia. Identification of pre‐type 2 diabetes much earlier than with the present clinical criteria is important for pre‐emptive measures against microvascular deterioration.
Communication trade-offs for synchronized distributed SGD with large step size

Synchronous mini-batch SGD is state-of-the-art for large-scale distributed machine learning. However, in practice, its convergence is bottlenecked by slow communication rounds between worker nodes. A natural solution to reduce communication is to use the \emph{`local-SGD'} model in which the workers train their model independently and synchronize every once in a while. This algorithm improves the computation-communication trade-off but its convergence is not understood very well. We propose a non-asymptotic error analysis, which enables comparison to \emph{one-shot averaging} i.e., a single communication round among independent workers, and \emph{mini-batch averaging} i.e., communicating at every step. We also provide adaptive lower bounds on the communication frequency for large step-sizes ($ t^{-\alpha} $, $ \alpha\in (1/2 , 1 ) $) and show that \emph{Local-SGD} reduces communication by a factor of $O\Big(\frac{\sqrt{T}}{P^{3/2}}\Big)$, with $T$ the total number of gradients and $P$ machines.
A Printed and Flexible NO2 Sensor Based on a Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is an important part of printed electrochemical gas sensors and are of value to electrochemical sensors. Here, a new type of SPE was prepared by dissolving a poly-vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix in a 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to immobilize 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM] [BF4]), which was then used in a new electrochemical amperometric nitrogen dioxide sensor. The SPE was coated on a single electrode and attached to the electrode to construct a simple two-layer structure. Nitrogen dioxide in the air was reduced on the working electrode at a bias voltage of −500 V. We controlled the components and process parameters separately for control experiments. The results show that the SPE based on [EMIM] [BF4], NMP, and PVDF coated on the electrode at a thickness of 1.25 mm with a 1:1:4 weight ratio under heat treatment conditions of 80°C for 2 min has the best sensitivity. The FTIR and XPS results indicated that SPE is prepared via physical miscibility. The SEM and XRD results showed that the sensitivity of the sensor is strongly dependent on the interconnected pore structure in SPE, and the pore structure is related to the synthesis ratio, morphology, and heat treatment mode of SPE. Moreover, the sensor sensitivity has a certain relationship with SPE conductivity. The reaction principle and cycle performance of the sensor were also studied.
A simple rule for the evolution of fast dispersal at the edge of expanding populations

Evolution by natural selection is commonly perceived as a process that favors those that replicate faster to leave more offspring; nature, however, seem to abound with examples where organisms forgo some replicative potential to disperse faster. When does selection favor invasion of the fastest? Motivated by evolution experiments with swarming bacteria we searched for a simple rule. In experiments, a fast hyperswarmer mutant that pays a reproductive cost to make many copies of its flagellum invades a population of mono-flagellated bacteria by reaching the expanding population edge; a two-species mathematical model explains that invasion of the edge occurs only if the invasive species’ expansion rate, v2, which results from the combination of the species growth rate and its dispersal speed (but not its carrying capacity), exceeds the established species’, v1. The simple rule that we derive, v2 > v1, appears to be general: less favorable initial conditions, such as smaller initial sizes and longer distances to the population edge, delay but do not entirely prevent invasion. Despite intricacies of the swarming system, experimental tests agree well with model predictions suggesting that the general theory should apply to other expanding populations with trade-offs between growth and dispersal, including non-native invasive species and cancer metastases.
Thirty‐Day Readmission After Infective Endocarditis: Analysis From a Nationwide Readmission Database

Background The contemporary incidence of and reasons for early readmission after infective endocarditis (IE) are not well known. Therefore, we analyzed 30‐day readmission demographics after IE from the US Nationwide Readmission Database. Methods and Results We examined the 2010 to 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database to identify index admissions for a primary diagnosis of IE with survival at discharge. Incidence, reasons, and independent predictors of 30‐day unplanned readmissions were analyzed. In total, 11 217 patients (24.8%) were nonelectively readmitted within 30 days among the 45 214 index admissions discharged after IE. The most common causes of readmission were IE (20.5%), sepsis (8.7%), complications of device/graft (8.1%), and congestive heart failure (7.6%). In‐hospital mortality and the valvular surgery rates during the readmissions were 8.1% and 9.1%, respectively. Discharge to home or self‐care, undergoing valvular surgery, aged ≥60 years, and having private insurance were independently associated with lower rates of 30‐day readmission. Length of stay of ≥10 days, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, chronic pulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease, and depression were associated with higher risk. The total hospital costs of readmission were $48.7 million per year (median, $11 267; interquartile range, $6021–$25 073), which accounted for 38.6% of the total episodes of care (index+readmission). Conclusions Almost 1 in 4 patients was readmitted within 30 days of admission for IE. The most common reasons were IE, other infectious causes, and cardiac causes. A multidisciplinary approach to determine the surgical indications and close monitoring are necessary to improve outcomes and reduce complications in in‐hospital and postdischarge settings.
Biological properties of metal complexes of curcumin

Curcumin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound isolated from Curcuma longa, has different pharmacological effects, including antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, curcumin has been found to have a limited bioavailability because of its hydrophobic nature, low‐intestinal absorption, and rapid metabolism. Therefore, there is a need for enhancing the bioavailability and its solubility in water in order to increase the pharmacological effects of this bioactive compound. One strategy is curcumin complexation with transition metals to circumvent the abovementioned problems. Curcumin can undergo chelation with various metal ions to form metallo‐complexes of curcumin, which may show greater effects as compared with curcumin alone. Promising results with metal curcumin complexes have been observed with regard to antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity, as well as in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The present review provides a concise summary of the characterization and biological properties of curcumin‐metal complexes. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):304–317, 2019
The Influence of Social Capital on Knowledge Management Maturity of Nonprofit Organizations – Predictive Modelling Based on a Multilevel Analysis

Nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are important development actors that operate in ecosystems of multi and cross-sector stakeholders in order to reach the most vulnerable social groups of people. Having this in mind, our goal was to explore to what extent their social capital influences their knowledge in order to propose a model that could optimize their knowledge management maturity through social resources embedded into their structure. Therefore, we focused on NGOs from the European Union and the Western Balkans operating in the international development and cooperation sector. We first conducted a survey among 215 NGOs and then cross-checked the received data through desk research and in-depth interviews. We utilized collected structured data and devised a binary classification model capable of discriminating high level from the low level of knowledge management maturity in NGOs, and multi-class classification model for estimating the actual category of knowledge management maturity which can simulate the real connection among social capital and existing knowledge management maturity. Our findings provide valuable data to the NGO management, regardless of where the NGO comes from, of the number of employees it has, and the number of projects it runs. The mathematical models based on neural networks used in this paper show with high accuracy what the knowledge management maturity level (for each output) is in case there exists prior information about social capital (inputs).
Adulthood Socioeconomic Position and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Comparison of Education, Occupation, Income, and Material Deprivation: The Maastricht Study

In an effort to better quantify the impact of adulthood socioeconomic circumstances on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), we set out to examine the relative importance of four adulthood socioeconomic indicators. Using cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study on 2011 middle-aged older men and women, our findings indicate that low educational level (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.24–2.64), low occupational level (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.98–2.05), and material deprivation (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.33–2.38) were independently associated with T2DM. Low income (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.88–1.87) was the strongest, albeit not significant, SEP (socioeconomic position) correlate of prediabetes. This association confirms SEP as a multifaceted concept and indicates the need to measure SEP accordingly. In order to tackle the social gradient in prediabetes and T2DM, one should, therefore, address multiple SEP indicators and their possible pathways.
Magnetizing Characteristics of a Flux-Coupling Type SFCL With Two Magnetic Flux Paths Using Its Third Winding

A flux-coupling type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) was fabricated to have two magnetic flux paths using an E-I iron core, and the winding direction between the two main coils was a subtractive polarity winding. During the fault period, peak current limiting characteristics and voltage waveforms between the primary and secondary windings were compared according to the parallel and series configurations. In addition, flux linkages and instantaneous powers characteristics were analyzed by connecting the two main coils in parallel and in series. When the two main coils were connected in parallel and in series, the magnetizing power area and the flux linkage's operating range related to the magnetic flux energy accumulated in the iron core were compared with each other, depending on the magnetization current increase or decrease.
Signatures of resonance and phase mixing in the Galactic disc

Gaia DR2 has provided an unprecedented wealth of information about the kinematics of stars in the Solar neighbourhood, and has highlighted the degree of features in the Galactic disc. We confront the data with a range of bar and spiral models in both action-angle space, and the RG–vϕ plane. We find that the phase mixing induced by transient spiral structure creates ridges and arches in the local kinematics which are consistent with the Gaia data. We are able to produce a qualitatively good match to the data when combined with a bar with a variety of pattern speeds, and show that it is non-trivial to decouple the effects of the bar and the spiral structure.
Similarity-based and rule-based generalisation in the acquisition of attitudes via evaluative conditioning

ABSTRACT Generalisation in learning means that learning with one particular stimulus influences responding to other novel stimuli. Such generalisation effects have largely been overlooked within research on attitude acquisition via Evaluative Conditioning (i.e. EC effects). In five experiments, we investigated whether and when generalisation of EC effects is based on similarity or on abstract rules. Experiments 1, 2a, 2b and 3 showed that participants who abstracted a rule during the learning phase used that rule for category judgments of novel stimuli. However, evaluative ratings of the same stimuli were unaffected by the learned rule but followed the similarity to learned stimuli. Experiment 4 showed that this similarity-based pattern of generalisation is not specific to evaluative ratings. Rather, resemblance between judgment task and learning task seems to determine whether acquired rules are taken into account. We discuss how dual-process and single-process models of EC may account for the obtained generalisation results.