Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in hybrid fish (Catla catla x Labeo rohita) fed on wheat bran, rice broken and blood meal

Growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of wheat bran, rice broken and blood meal were evaluated in hybrid fish Catla catla x Labeo rohita. Two replicates for each treatment (ingredient) were followed. The feed was supplied at the rate of 4% of wet body weight of fish fingerlings twice a day. The fish gained higher body weight (1.60 ± 0.14g) on wheat bran, followed by rice broken (1.51 ± 0.07g) and blood meal (1.24 ± 0.09g). The body weight of fish on wheat bran and rice broken was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those fed blood meal, while the difference between the former two groups was non significant. The total length obtained by the fish averaged 5.06 ± 0.03, 5.05 ± 0.09 and 4.96 ± 0.32 cm on wheat bran, rice broken and blood meal, respectively, the difference being non significant. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (poorest) on blood meal (1.68 ± 0.96), followed by that of rice broken (1.64 ± 0.64) and wheat bran (1.59 ± 0.71). The FCR value for wheat bran was significantly better than that for rice broken and blood meal. It was concluded that efficacy of wheat bran was better for the growth of hybrid fish and this supported the inclusion of this ingredient in the diet of hybrids.
Exploring Tourist Satisfactions in Eco-Tourism: Antecedents and Consequences

This study aims to analyze the effect of (1) Natural Attraction and Eco-Tourisms towards Tourists Satisfaction and (2) Tourists Satisfaction Towards their Revisit Intention. This research was conducted in West Sumatra, spesifically in Bukittinggi, Padang, 50 Kota and Tanah Datar. The determination of the number of samples is carried out proportionally and an met accidentally on 500 people respondents. Hypothesis testing is carried out using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of this study include: (1) Natural Attraction has a significant effects towards Tourist Satisfaction and Re-Visit Intention, (2) Eco-Tourism has a significant effects towards Tourist Satisfaction and Revisit Intention and (3) Satisfaction has a significant effects towards Re-Visit Intention
Scale‐dependent effects of forest restoration on Neotropical fruit bats

Neotropical fruit bats (family Phyllostomidae) facilitate forest regeneration on degraded lands by dispersing shrub and tree seeds. Accordingly, if fruit bats can be attracted to restoration sites, seed dispersal could be enhanced. We surveyed bat communities at 10 sites in southern Costa Rica to evaluate whether restoration treatments attracted more fruit bats if trees were planted on degraded farmlands in plantations or island configurations versus natural regeneration. We also compared the relative influence of tree cover at local and landscape spatial scales on bat abundances. We captured 68% more fruit bat individuals in tree plantations as in controls, whereas tree island plots were intermediate. Bat activity also responded to landscape tree cover within a 200‐m radius of restoration plots, with greater abundance but lower species richness in deforested landscapes. Fruit bat captures in controls and tree island plots declined with increasing landscape tree cover, but captures in plantations were relatively constant. Individual species responded differentially to tree cover measured at different spatial scales. We attribute restoration effects primarily to habitat structure rather than food resources because no planted trees produced fruits regularly eaten by bats. The magnitude of tree planting effects on fruit bats was less than previous studies have found for frugivorous birds, suggesting that bats may play a particularly important role in dispersing seeds in heavily deforested and naturally regenerating areas. Nonetheless, our results show that larger tree plantations in more intact landscapes are more likely to attract diverse fruit bats, potentially enhancing seed dispersal.
Aerosol Indirect Effects on Cirrus Clouds Based on Global Aircraft Observations

Cirrus clouds have large climate impacts, yet aerosol indirect effects on cirrus microphysical properties remain highly uncertain. There is a lack of observational analysis on thermodynamic, dynamical, and aerosol indirect effects simultaneously, which limits the quantification of each effect. Using seven National Science Foundation aircraft campaigns, impacts of temperature, relative humidity, vertical velocity, and aerosols are individually quantified. Nonmonotonic correlations of ice water content, ice crystal number concentration (Ni), and mean diameter (Di) with respect to aerosol number concentrations (Na) are consistently seen at various conditions. Positive correlations become significant when Na > 500 nm (Na500) and >100 nm (Na100) are 3 and 10 times higher than average, respectively. While Na500 are more effective at temperatures closer to −40 °C with small vertical velocity fluctuations and are less sensitive to ice supersaturation, Na100 are more effective at colder temperatures with higher updraft and higher ice supersaturation, indicating heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation mechanisms, respectively.
Melatonin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis through upregulation of Sestrin2

Excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Furthermore, apoptosis of VSMCs accelerates plaque rupture in the atherosclerotic vessels. Therefore, a strategy that regulates both VSMC proliferation and apoptosis is essential for the development of novel pharmacological tools for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Despite mounting evidence supporting the benefits of melatonin in diverse metabolic diseases, the role of melatonin in VSMC growth remains largely unknown. The present study revealed that melatonin inhibited both proliferation and apoptosis of primary cultured rat VSMCs. Melatonin induced mitochondrial energetic stress in VSMCs and subsequent induction of Sestrin2 via C/EBPβ. Melatonin-induced Sestrin2 suppressed mTORC1 activity in VSMCs, contributing to suppression of VSMC proliferation. Additionally, melatonin-induced upregulation of Sestrin2 blocked apoptosis by preventing excessive ROS generation. The results demonstrated that melatonin controlled VSMC proliferation and apoptosis via Sestrin2-mediated inhibition of mTORC1 and ROS scavenging. Therefore, melatonin should be considered as a lead compound for therapies aimed at preventing vessel lumen constriction during the course of atherosclerosis and restenosis.
Genetic Variability for Vitamin B9 and Total Dietary Fiber in Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) Cultivars

The present study was conducted to determine the genetic variability of two major health-promoting bioactive components in lentil (lens culinaris L.) cultivars. The total dietary fiber content in lentil genotypes was analyzed using a combination of enzymatic and gravimetric methods utilizing the Total Dietary Fiber Assay Kit (Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, USA). The total dietary fiber varied significantly in the range of 10 ± 1 to 21 ± 1 g/100 g lentil dry seed weight with an average of 15.0 g/100 g lentil dry seed weight (p < 0.1). Further, a significant genotypic difference was also recorded in the lentil genotypes (p < 0.1) for folate content which was estimated using the trienzyme extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography method with an average value of 222 µg/100 g lentil dry seed weight. The range of variability for folate content was 114 ± 3 to 330 ± 7 µg/100 g dry seed weight, except in one of the genotype IG-163, where the folate content was recorded as high as 448 ± 7 µg/100 g dry seed weight. The mean total dietary fiber and folate content of Mediterranean landraces of lentil was higher (18 g/100 g and 247 µg/100 g lentil dry seed weight) as compared to the other genotypes (15 g/100 g and 198 µg/100 g lentil dry seed weight), respectively.
Characterisation of Steinernema surkhetense and Its Symbiont Xenrorhabdus stockiae and A Note on Its Geographical Distribution

Two cultured populations of Steinernema surkhetense are described from India. Morphologically and morphometrically this material agrees with other species of the Carpocapsae-group (presence of short juveniles), especially with S. surkhetense. The morphology was somewhat similar to the original description with the distinguishing feature being the presence of anal swelling in second-generation female specimens but absent in the original specimens. The morphometric measurements were in close proximity to those in the original specimens and the PCA analysis of important morphometric characters demonstrated some variability within the test populations. Molecular studies based on 28S and ITS rDNA confirmed the Indian material is well conspecific Nepali populations of S. surkhetense, however, with Nepali populations, two base pair differences were observed at 376 and 713 positions only in ITS rDNA gene. We performed a molecular and biochemical characterization of the bacterial symbiont of S. surkhetense and the symbiont is closely related to Xenorhabdus stockiae, which is widespread among South Asian nematodes from the ‘‘carpocapsae’’ group. Finally, we mapped its geographical distribution using a meta-analysis of the ITS GenBank records. The distribution of S. surkhetense based on a meta-analysis of the GenBank records showed its presence in the three Asian countries—India, China, and Nepal, with maximum records from the Indian subcontinent. This species is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, thus could be tested and later used in the biocontrol of insect pests in India
Does PET/CT Aid in Detecting Primary Carcinoma in Patients with Skeletal Metastases of Unknown Primary?

BACKGROUND Patients older than 40 years presenting with osteolytic bone lesions are likely to have a diagnosis of carcinoma, even if they had no prior cancer diagnosis. For patients with no prior cancer diagnosis, there is a well-accepted algorithm to determine a potential primary site. That algorithm, however, leaves approximately 15% of people without a detectable primary tumor site, making treatment decisions extremely difficult. Positron emission tomography (PET) fused with CT, more commonly known as PET/CT, has emerged as an important staging modality for many other malignancies but has been used in a very limited fashion in musculoskeletal oncology. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked (1) What is the ability of PET/CT to detect the source of the primary tumor in patients with a skeletal metastasis of unknown primary? (2) How does PET/CT perform in detecting metastases in other sites in patients with a skeletal metastasis of unknown primary? METHODS A retrospective analysis between 2006 and 2016 of the pathology database of a single tertiary center identified 35 patients with a biopsy-proven skeletal metastasis (histologically confirmed carcinoma or adenocarcinoma) and a PET/CT scan that was performed after the standard diagnostic evaluation of the primary cancer site. Patients were identified through use of our pathology database to identify all biopsy-proven bone carcinomas. This was then cross referenced with our imaging database to identify all patients who were at any time evaluated with PET/CT. During this time, we identified 1075 patients with biopsy-proven metastatic bone disease through our pathology database. Any indication for a PET/CT was included, and was most often done for staging of the identified malignancy or evaluation for the unknown source. Data regarding the ability of PET/CT to find or confirm the primary cancer and all metastatic sites were evaluated. The standard diagnostic evaluation (history and physical, laboratory evaluation, CT of the chest/abdomen/pelvis and whole body bone scan) identified the primary cancer in 22 of the 35 patients. Among the 35 patients, there were a total of 176 metastatic sites of disease identified, with 115 identified with the standard diagnostic evaluation (before PET/CT). RESULTS Among patients with a skeletal metastasis of unknown primary, PET/CT was unable to identify the primary cancer in 12 of 13 patients. PET/CT confirmed the site of the known primary cancer in all 22 patients. There were 176 total metastatic sites. Of the 115 metastases known before PET/CT, PET/CT failed to identify three of 115 (3% false-negative rate). CONCLUSIONS PET/CT may not provide any additional benefit over the standard evaluation for identification of the primary cancer in patients with a skeletal metastasis of unknown primary, although it may have efficacy as a screening tool equivalent or superior to the standard diagnostic algorithm for evaluation of the overall metastatic burden in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, diagnostic study.
The birds of paradise : Paradisaeidae

Preface and acknowledgement List of colour plates List of abbreviations Plan of the book Diagrams of bird topography Diagrams of bird of paradise structural morphology Map showing some more important locations mentioned in the text Boundaries of the regional maps used in the species accounts of Chapter 9 Part I 1. The incredible birds of paradise - an introduction 2. Discovery of the birds of paradise and history of their study 3. Evolution and biogeography of the birds of paradise 4. Ecology of the birds of paradise 5. Reproductive behaviour 6. Nesting biology and parental behaviour 7. Birds of paradise in human tradition and culture 8. Conservation Part II Family, subfamily, genus and species accounts Appendices References Index
An approach to the taxonomy of the sea-grass genus Halodule Endl. (Potamogetonaceae)

Sea-grasses are phanerogams which are completely adapted to life in marine waters. They are recruited exclusively from two families, the Potamogetonaceae (7 genera with ca. 35 species) and the Hydrocharitaceae (3 genera with 12 species), and form together an interesting ecological group. Consequently, their taxonomy, morphology, flower biology, and geographic distribution have been much studied, especially by Ascherson (1868, 1889, 1906, 1907), Sauvageau (1890, 1891), Ostenfeld (1915, 1916, 1927), Setchell (1920, 1935), and Miki (1932, 1934). In spite of the work of these eminent investigators the taxonomy of several genera viz. Halodule, Posidonia, Zostera, and Phyllospadix is yet imperfectly known. One of the most serious gaps in our knowledge is no doubt the lack of ecological data; this greatly hampers the judgment of the biometric characters of the species with relation to their usefulness for taxonomical purpose. Less important is the fact that the generative parts of several species are partly or completely unknown. The taxonomy of the genus Halodule, which had been known for a long time under the name Diplanthera has been studied in the scope of the revision of the Potamogetonaceae for the Flora Malesiana. The development of the taxonomy of this genus has been seriously obstructed not only by the difficulties in the interpretation of the slight morphological differences between the species but also by the fact that nearly all investigators based their identifications on the works of Ascherson (1889,1906,1907). According to this author the genus Halodule contains two species: H. uninervis (Forsk.) Aschers. and H. wrightii Aschers. Although he mentioned differences in generative and vegetative characters, the difference in geographic distribution he regarded as more important. Specimens from the Indo-Pacific were referred to as H. uninervis and those from the Caribbean were called H. wrightii. The geographic character was stressed in particular by Ostenfeld: “On the whole it is not possible to distinguish the two species when sterile, except using their quite different geographical distribution as criterion. ” (1902, p. 262). “Die zwei Arten der Gattung sind einander so ahnlich, dass es nicht sicher ist, ob sie als zwei Arten beibehalten werden konnen. Ganz wie beim Artenpaare Halophila Baillonis – H. decipiens sind die Verbreitungsareale eigentlich das beste Unterscheidungsmerkmal. ” (1927, p. 47). No wonder that the specimens in the herbaria all seem to be identified according to the traditional geographic scheme, even when the morphological characters of the plants de not agree with the species descriptions.
Weakly Labelled Audio Tagging Via Convolutional Networks with Spatial and Channel-Wise Attention

Multiple instance learning (MIL) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has been proposed recently for weakly labelled audio tagging. However, features from the various CNN filtering channels and spatial regions are often treated equally, which may limit its performance in event prediction. In this paper, we propose a novel attention mechanism, namely, spatial and channel-wise attention (SCA). For spatial attention, we divide it into global and local submodules with the former to capture the event-related spatial regions and the latter to estimate the onset and offset of the events. Considering the variations in CNN channels, channel-wise attention is also exploited to recognize different sound scenes. The proposed SCA can be employed into any CNNs seamlessly with affordable overheads and is end-to-end trainable fashion. Extensive experiments on weakly labelled dataset Audioset show that the proposed SCA with CNNs achieves a state-of-the-art mean average precision (mAP) of 0.390.
Molecular phylogeny of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) revisited: position of Manotinae, Metanepsiini, and other enigmatic taxa as inferred from multigene analysis

The phylogeny of selected genera from four subfamilies of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) – Manotinae, Leiinae, Sciophilinae and Gnoristinae (including Metanepsiini) – is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of five mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, COII, cytB) and two nuclear (28S, ITS2) gene markers. Results of the different analyses all support Manotinae as a monophyletic group, with Leiinae as the sister group. Allactoneura DeMeijere is nested in the monophyletic and strongly supported clade of Leiinae. The tribe Metanepsiini is revealed as paraphyletic and the genera Metanepsia Edwards and Chalastonepsia Søli do not appear to be closely related. The genera Docosia Winnertz, Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, Novakia Strobl and Syntemna Winnertz were placed with a group of genera included traditionally in the Gnoristinae. The monophyly of Dziedzickia Johannsen and Phthinia Winnertz is not supported. The genera of Sciophilinae (excluding Paratinia Mik but including Eudicrana Loew) form a monophyletic group in the Bayesian model.
Correlation between clinical grading of adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy and adenoid or tonsil volume post adenotonsillectomy: a prospective cohort study

Background: Measuring adenoid or tonsil volume in surgically removed specimens is likely the most accurate method for quantifying adenotonsillar hypertrophy severity which may predict the extent of surgery to curtail post tonsillectomy haemorrhage a potential lethal complication. Methods: All patients with adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy were graded clinically while the objective grading by volumetric saline displacement in accordance with Archimedes’ principle; between August 1, 2017 to July 31, 2019 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. Data analysis was by the SPSS version 21.0 Chicago IL, USA. Results: The study had 96 participants with a M:F=1.7:1. Age range was 9 months to 51 years, median was 3 yrs, mean was 9.5 yrs±15.5 yrs with 83 (86.5%) who were ≤18 yrs. Main features of this study, no. of patients in snoring was 83 (86.5%), nasal obstruction 71 (74.0%), rhinorrhoea 32 (33.3%), noisy breathing 23 (24.0%), dysphagia- 18 (18.8%), mouth breathing 18 (18.8%). Grading of this study was 78 (81.2%) were Brodsky grade III & IV while 72 (75.0%) had ANR of ≥0.5. Blood loss was range 10 ml to 250 ml, median 35 ml, mean 52.7±46.9 ml while 51 (63.0%) had blood loss of ≤50 ml. Volume of surgical specimen of adenoid; range 0.20-4.50 ml, mean 1.56±0.83 ml while tonsil; (Rt)-range 1.00-12.50 ml, mean 3.18±1.97 ml. There was a positive correlation between adenoid or tonsil grade and volume at 99% CI; (r)=0.409, (p=0.000) and grade (mean) 3.11±0.78, volume (mean) 3.18±1.96. Conclusions: This study establishes a positive correlation between clinical grading of adenoid or tonsil and volume with a certain level of accuracy which may predict extent of surgery to avoid post tonsillectomy hemorrhage, a life-threatening/lethal complication from excessive, partial or suboptimal surgery commonly.
Nohutla Fusarium solgunluğu (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) ve Ascochyta yanıklığının (Ascochyta rabiei) moleküler yöntemlerle hızlı tanısı, patotiplerinin ayrımı, moleküler karakterizasyonları

Ulkemizdeki nohut ekim alanlarinda gorulen en onemli fungal hastaliklar Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris’ in sebep oldugu Fusarium solgunlugu ve Ascochyta rabiei’ nin sebep oldugu Ascochyta yanikligidir. Bu sebeple farkli bolgelerden elde edilen Ascochyta ve Fusarium izolatlari arasindaki genetik ve patojenik fakliliklar bu calisma ile belirlenmistir. Yapilan patojesite testleri sonucunda A. rabiei izolatlari 3 farkli patotipe ayrilmis ve en yaygin patotipin Patotip 1 (38 izolat) oldugu tespit edilmistir. Bunu sirasiyla Patotip 3 (23) ve Patotip 2 (3) takip etmistir. Fusarium oxysporum izolatlarinin patojenisite testi sonucunda ise 17 izolat yuksek virulant (YV), 75 izolat orta derecede virulant (OV) ve 12 izolat dusuk virulant (DV) veya non patojen olarak degerlendirilmistir. Bu fungus izolatlari arasindaki genetik farkliliklar ise RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) teknigi kullanilarak incelenmistir. Elde edilen verilerin Dice’ in benzerlik katsayisi kullanilarak yapilan UPGMA (Unweighed Pairgroup Method with Arithmetic Average) cluster analizi sonucunda A. rabiei izolatlarinin 5 grup ve 34 genotipe ayrildigi gorulmustur. F. oxysporum izolatlari arasinda ise 3 ana grubun bulundugu tespit edilmistir.Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris and Ascochyta blight by Ascochyta rabiei are the most important fungal diseases on chickpea growing areas in Turkey and all over world. Thus, genetic and pathogenic variability between isolates of Fusarium and Ascochyta obtained from different regions of Turkey were determined in this study. Pathogenicity test grouped A. rabiei isolates into 3 different pathotypes. Pathotypes 1 is the most widespread pathotype (38 isolates), followed by pathotypes 3 (23) and 2 (3) on chickpea growing areas of Turkey. The results of pathogenicity tests of Fusarium oxysporum isolates indicated that seventeen isolates were highly virulent (HV), 75 isolates were moderately virulent (MV) and 12 isolates were low (LV) in virulence. Also, genetic diversity within these fungal pathogens was studied by using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. UPGMA (Unweighed Pairgroup Method with Arithmetic Average) cluster analysis of the data from DNA amplification of RAPD using Dice’s coefficient grouped A. rabiei isolates into 5 major groups and 34 genotypes and also, clustered isolates of F. oxysporum into 3 different groups.