Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Variability of Meiyu and Its Prediction: A New Review

Following the description of the basic climatic characteristics of Meiyu in East Asia, we present a comprehensive review of multi–time scale variabilities of the Meiyu together with the long‐term change of extreme precipitation during the Meiyu in this paper. The dynamic prediction skills of the Meiyu on subseasonal to seasonal time scales are further described and illustrated by using present numerical prediction models. For the multi–time scale variabilities of the East Asian Meiyu, they are closely related with the impacts of both quasi‐biweekly and 30–60 day oscillation from both the tropics and the middle and high latitudes on intraseasonal time scale, the influences of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation on interannual time scale, the variations of East Asian summer monsoon on decadal time scale, and the continued impacts of global warming, Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on interdecadal scale and long‐term trend. Under the background of the global warming and the influences of urbanization and aerosol effects, the Meiyu shows some specific characteristics including significantly weakened continuous rain, uneven spatial distribution of precipitation, and increased (decreased) number of strong (weak) precipitation days. Improvements of prediction on rain belt location, total precipitation amount, persistent heavy precipitation events, and low‐frequency variability oscillation during Meiyu season have been achieved with the improved dynamic models of the Beijing Climate Center since 2010.
Detection of haploid nuclear death in living Paramecium caudatum

SUMMARY During conjugation of Paramecium caudatum, four haploid nuclei are formed after meiosis, only one of those that enters the paroral region survives and divides once more to form two gametic nuclei, and the remaining three degenerate. Here, we applied the method of co-staining the living cells with acridine orange and Hoechst 33342, which had been found effective to identify the apoptotic nuclei in Tetrahymena, to clarify whether the meiotic nuclear degeneration in P. caudatum is an apoptotic process. We found that three haploid nuclei outside the paroral region were stained green-yellow, while the survivor in the paroral region was stained blue. When the conjugating pairs separated and the synkaryon divided twice, three degenerating haploid nuclei were still observed and stained yellow. The old fragmented macronuclei, which are known to be still alive in exconjugants, were stained blue, in sharp contrast with the case in Tetrahymena. These results strongly suggest that the haploid nuclei degenerate in an apoptotic way in P. caudatum.
Comparison of Momordica charantia effect on Mcl-1 gene expression in the livers of streptozotocin diabetic and healthy rats

Background and aims: The positive effects of medicinal herbs on diabetes have been proved in previous studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of active Momordica Charantia on the treatment of liver diseases resulting from diabetes and the expression level of the Mcl-1 gene, which is a proapoptotic gene and becomes antiapoptotic in the event of damage. Methods: In this study, 42 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including healthy, diabetic, metformin, 150 mg/kg M. charantia controls, and three groups that received the active M. charantia with doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg. All groups became diabetic with streptozotocin injected intraperitoneally except for the control and M. charantia. Afterward, they received the active M. charantia by gavage for four weeks (three times a week). Finally, the Kruskal-Wallis method was used for comparison among the groups. The statistical tests were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22. Results: The level of Mcl-1 expression in the diabetic control group (C) was significantly higher than that in the healthy control (A) and the M. charantia-receiving control group (B, P<0.05). The group receiving 150 mg/kg dose of M. charantia drug (G) had a better effect compared to the group that received 100 mg/kg (F), and this difference was significant (P<0.05). This increase indicated that the medication was dose-dependent. Conclusion: In general, a reduction in the level of Mcl-1 gene expression relied on the M. charantia dose. After the development of diabetes, this level significantly increased in the diabetic groups, but decreased after receiving M. charantia, leading to a decrease in the side effects and symptoms associated with diabetes.
Genetics of Infectious Disease Susceptibility

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Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)

The red-shouldered hawk is a crow-sized buteo, or soaring hawk. The adults are strikingly plumed, with rufous (brownish red) shoulder patches and a rufous barred breast. Rufous lesser and median upperwing coverts form the “red shoulders” evident on this species. The flight feathers of adults are barred black and white and show a white crescent-shaped window across the primaries, which is visible in flight. The underparts, which are rufous with white barring, often exhibit thin, dark streaks on the chest. The head and back are dark brown. The black tail is bisected by several narrow white bands. Although females average slightly larger than males, plumage is similar for both sexes. The call of the red-shouldered hawk is a series of nasal drawn-out “aahhh” cries. Juvenile red-shouldered hawks can be distinguished from adults by their overall browner, less brilliant plumage. The shoulder patches of juveniles are paler rufous and the crescents across the primaries are tawny. The underparts are whitish with variable amounts of brown streaking. The tail is brown with several thin pale bands. Adult plumage appears in the second year. The red-shouldered hawk is a long-tailed buteo with squared-off wings and a protruding head. Characterized by quick choppy wingbeats interspersed with short glides, the flight style of this hawk is similar to that of an accipiter. When soaring, most buteos hold their wings straight out, whereas the red-shouldered hawk bows its wings forward.
Characteristics identifying the companies conducting different dividend policy: evidence from Poland

Research background: Dividend policy has been a subject of many scientific studies. Although most of them focus on its determinants, there is still a research gap concerning the lack of comprehensive research on the differences between companies implementing different types of dividend policy. Furthermore, no at-tempt has been made to indicate which of them could be considered as more attractive for stock market investor that invests in dividend stocks. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of companies with different dividend policy from the point of view of their investment attractiveness. Methods: The empirical research is conducted among the regular dividend payers listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in years 2001–2017. The data for analysis is collected from Notoria Service and Stock Market Yearbooks. The main calculations are carried out using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test. Findings & Value added: The value added of this paper is a holistic approach to comparison of companies conducting different dividend policy. The most significant differences are observed in case of extreme and residual dividend policy. The first policy should be of particular interest to investors investing for dividends, while the second one should be attractive to investors that invest for capital growth. The research is valuable due to the lack of academic studies concerning different dividend policy in the context of attractiveness of investing in dividend shares.
Analysis of CD45 variants effecting alternative splicing.

The CD45 (leukocyte common) antigen is a haemopoietic cell specific tyrosine phosphatase essential for antigen receptor signalling in lymphocytes. Multiple isoforms of CD45 are expressed in a cell type and activation-specific manner, but the exact function of the different isoforms remains obscure. In humans, naive T cells express high molecular weight isoforms (containing CD45RA), but following activation switch to expression of low molecular weight (CD45R0 and CD45RB) isoforms. Human CD45 variant alleles which alter CD45 isoform expression have been identified and associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases. Two contrasting allelic variants have been analysed. The exon 4 77G allele is present at a low frequency in Caucasoids and prevents splicing from high to low molecular weight isoforms. An increased frequency of this allele is found in multiple sclerosis, HIV and Hepatitis C infected individuals. The exon 6 138G allele is found at a high frequency in Far Eastern populations and promotes splicing towards low molecular weight isoforms. This allele is protective in Graves' disease and Hepatitis B infection. Both alleles are associated with altered phenotype and in vitro functional response of T cells. Similarly CD45 transgenic mice exhibit altered T cell phenotype and function. These data demonstrate that subtle changes in isoform expression lead to an alteration in cell phenotype and that both combinations of isoforms and the total level of expression are important for CD45 function.
Triplet Matching for Estimating Causal Effects With Three Treatment Arms: A Comparative Study of Mortality by Trauma Center Level

Abstract Comparing outcomes across different levels of trauma centers is vital in evaluating regionalized trauma care. With observational data, it is critical to adjust for patient characteristics to render valid causal comparisons. Propensity score matching is a popular method to infer causal relationships in observational studies with two treatment arms. Few studies, however, have used matching designs with more than two groups, due to the complexity of matching algorithms. We fill the gap by developing an iterative matching algorithm for the three-group setting. Our algorithm outperforms the nearest neighbor algorithm and is shown to produce matched samples with total distance no larger than twice the optimal distance. We implement the evidence factors method for binary outcomes, which includes a randomization-based testing strategy and a sensitivity analysis for hidden bias in three-group matched designs. We apply our method to the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample data to compare emergency department mortality among non-trauma, level I, and level II trauma centers. Our tests suggest that the admission to a trauma center has a beneficial effect on mortality, assuming no unmeasured confounding. A sensitivity analysis for hidden bias shows that unmeasured confounders, moderately associated with the type of care received, may change the result qualitatively. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
Housing Choices of Older People: Staying or Moving in the Case of High Care Needs

Despite the development of various housing options across Europe, older people often face the choice of staying at home with the support of family and/or formal services or moving to a care home, but how people vary regarding these preferences and how newer cohorts will be different is under-researched. This study explores the housing choices of older people under the condition of liminality, which is defined as the hypothetical condition of high care needs. The most common choices available are compared; that is, staying at home (with social home-care support or visits to a daycare centre) or moving to supported housing or a care home. Cluster analysis revealed five distinct groups of older people that were differentiated in their choices between various options of moving versus staying at home, either by using home care or daycare. Differences between the clusters along three dimensions that influence decisions to move or stay, namely levels of attachment, satisfaction with housing and availability of support, which often function as limits on the options that are preferred, were explored. The results present the complexity of the decision-making process under imagined conditions of liminality and show a great diversity among people’s preferences. They also indicate that a significant share of older people have a strong preference for only one option (two of the cluster groups).
Molecular Characterization of Muscle Infecting Myxobolus sp. Causing Outbreak in Labeo rohita, Rohu: First Report from Andaman Islands

Among the myxozoan parasites, the genus Myxobolus is considered as the emerging parasite in freshwater aquaculture. In the present study, a disease outbreak associated with mass mortality was investigated in a carp farm located at North and Middle Andaman district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The affected rohu fry exhibited the clinical signs such as lethargic movement, dark body colouration, loss of appetite, excess mucus secretion, 1-2 mm multifocal white nodules on the body surface and skeletal deformities including spinal curvatures. Molecular characterization using 18S rRNA along with clinical signs identified the causative agent as muscle infecting Myxobolus sp. (GenBank accession number MK128509) which showed 95.45% identity with Myxobolus musculi and 95.23% identity with Myxobolus pseudodispar. Genetic distance and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed to elucidate the relationship between the Myxobolus sp. obtained in the present study and the members of other congeners. This investigation serves as the first report of Myxobolus sp. outbreak from Andaman and Nicobar Islands and also reiterates the need for implementation of strict biosecurity measures to preserve the freshwater aquatic fauna of these Islands.
Influence of Canopy Depth on Susceptibility of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit to Chilling Injury1

‘Marsh‘ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) harvested from the exterior canopy of the tree were more susceptible to chilling injury (CI) at 4.4°C than grapefruit harvested from the interior canopy of the same tree. No differences were found in the levels of total soluble carbohydrates, reducing sugars, and sucrose in the peels of the fruit from the 2 canopy depths. An unusual pattern of CI, remarkably similar to the pattern of citrus rust mite [Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm.)] damage, was observed in several of the exterior canopy fruit. Although the fruit had no visible rust mite damage at harvest, fruit remaining on the tree developed the characteristic bronzing associated with rust mite injury within 2 to 3 weeks after the test fruit were harvested. It is suggested that environmental and biotic factors predispose grapefruit to CI.
Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented shift, and unprecedented opportunity

The COVID-19 pandemic is currently spreading across the world in an unprecedented way. "Social distancing" has become the latest buzzword in the headlines of media covering the COVID-19 pandemic As a result, the widely implemented social distancing measures has generated one unprecedented shift that pushes various types of human social interactions from dominantly offline to dominantly online. This becomes a "new normal" in our daily life. For our research community of studying technology-related behavior, the COVID-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to join the worldwide efforts to fight against the current pandemic and Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies calls for studies examining how humans behavior with emerging technologies in extreme events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Correlation between hypophosphatemia and the severity of Corona Virus Disease 2019 patients

Objective: Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and explore the value of serum phosphorus level in evaluating the severity and prognosis of the disease. Methods: COVID-19 patients transferred from the first emergency ward of Taiyuan fourth people's Hospital from February 8 to March 3, 2020 were selected. The information of general conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory indexes, nucleic acid detection and treatment were collected. The changes of blood phosphorus level and absolute value of lymphocytes in ordinary and severe/critical patients were recorded and compared. Results: A total of 32 patients with COVID-19 were collected, including 12 cases of common type and 20 cases of severe/critical type. Before treatment, the serum phosphorus levels of the two groups were significantly lower than the normal level, and the serum phosphorus levels of the severe/critical patients were lower than those of the common type patients (t = 2.767, P < 0.010). After treatment, the serum phosphorus levels of the two groups reached normal, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (t = 0.231, P > 0.819). The level of lymphocytes in severe/critical patients was lower than that in normal patients (t = 4.636, P < 0.001) before treatment. After treatment, the absolute value of lymphocytes in the two groups reached normal, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (t=1.208, P=0.237). There was a positive correlation between lymphocytes and serum phosphorus, and the correlation coefficient was 0.479. Conclusion: hypophosphatemia is related to the severity of COVID-19, and strengthening the monitoring of serum phosphorus level of COVID-19's severe/critical patients and correcting hypophosphatemia in time are of significance to improve the prognosis.
Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and Docetaxel as the First Line for HER-2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer among Arabs

Introduction: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) targeted therapy regimens can improve tumor response in HER-2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), with overall survival benefits. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of dual HER-2 blockade combined with chemotherapy for HER-2-positive MBC patients as a first-line therapy in our patient population. Patients and Methods: We identified 75 patients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center that received trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and docetaxel as a first-line therapy in HER-2 positive MBC in 2013–2016. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 45 years; 54.7% were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive. 10% of patients presented with only bone metastasis. The median follow-up time was 36 months with an objective response rate of 74.7% (complete response [CR] 18.7%; partial response [PR] 56%). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 21% and 71.9% respectively, with a median PFS of 36 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.6–48.4). The 5-year OS for ER-negative and ER-positive patients was 93.9% and 59.4% respectively (p = 0.189); 23 patients experienced grade 1/2 toxicity and 2 patients had grade 3/4 toxicity. In terms of OS and PFS, the site of metastasis did not make any significant difference. Conclusions: First line pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER-2-positive MBC patients was found to be an effective and safe therapy in the Saudi population. This finding was consistent with the results seen in the CLEOPATRA trials.
How to process high- and low-quality semen for cooling and shipment.

The use of cooled-shipped semen for breeding is widespread in the equine industry, and the proper preparation of the semen is imperative to maximize pregnancy rates. Whereas some stallions have very high-quality semen that withstands cooling for transport well, other stallions require specialized processing techniques to optimize semen quality. General guidelines have been well established for processing equine semen for cooled transport, which recommends extending the semen in an appropriate extender at an extender to semen ratio of 4:1 (a minimum of 3:1 is reported in some literature) or greater to provide 1 billion progressively motile cells at a final concentration of 25 to 50 million sperm/ mL. Although these guidelines are adequate for ejaculates with concentrations over 100 million sperm/mL and for sperm that tolerate cooling well, adjustments to the preparation techniques may need to be made for low-quality semen to maximize sperm quality after cooling. Ejaculates of low concentration, semen that is adversely affected by the seminal plasma, and semen that does not withstand cooling well require specialized processing techniques to optimize the quality of the sperm that is received after shipping. Over the past several years, new techniques have been developed to help improve the quality of semen that is prepared for cooled transport. Research has shown that the use of a centrifugation cushion can improve recovery rates of sperm while maintaining semen quality and minimizing the detrimental effects that centrifugation may have on sperm. Additionally, the development of different types of extenders and the ability to cool and ship semen at 5 and 15°C provide numerous options for maximizing semen quality once it is cooled. The purpose of this report is to describe processing techniques for the cooling and shipment of highand low-quality semen.
The complete chloroplast genome of Citrus medica (Rutaceae)

Abstract Citrus medica (C. medica), belonging to the family Rutaceae, possibly originated in north-east India and is now cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions. In this study, the assembled cp genome of C. medica exhibited a typical quadripartite cycle of 160,031 bp, composing of a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 26,991 bp each) separated by a large single-copy (LSC, 87,476 bp) region and a small single copy (SSC, 18,573 bp) region. A total of 134 genes were annotated in this cp genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. medica was closely related to Citrus limon (C. limon) and Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis).
Effect of diurnally fluctuating high ambient temperatures on performance and feeding behaviour of multiparous lactating sows.

Forty-two multiparous Large White sows were used to investigate the effect of diurnally fluctuating temperature (T) on lactation performance and feeding behaviour. The animals were allocated to one of the four thermic treatments: constant T at 25°C (25C) and 29°C (29C) or equal-mean diurnal cyclic T varying from 21 to 29°C (25V) and from 25 to 33°C (29V). Photoperiod was fixed to 14 h of light. The sows were given food ad libitum between the 7th and the 19th day post partům. Lactation performance was measured for all sows whereas the feeding behaviour was recorded only on 28 sows. The ad libitum food intake was comparable at 25C and 25V (6•31 kg/day) as were milk production and body reserves mobilization. In contrast, food intake at 29V was higher than at 29C (4•53 v. 3•48 kg/day) with no difference in milk production between the two treatments. The increased daily food intake at 29V resulted from higher intakes over the coolest periods of the day and especially during the dark period. Neither meal size nor daily number of meals were significantly affected by T. Feeding behaviour was mainly diurnal but with differences between treatments: 0•90 of total food intake at 29C v. 0•78 at the other three T It appears that the effects of diurnally fluctuating T on lactation performance of sows depend on the mean level of T