Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishment and Evaluation of a Parametric Population Pharmacokinetic Model Repository for Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir

Background: Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are used for prophylaxis and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection. However, there is great interindividual variability in ganciclovir’s pharmacokinetics (PK), highlighting the importance of individualized dosing. To facilitate model-informed precision dosing (MIPD), this study aimed to establish a parametric model repository of ganciclovir and valganciclovir by summarizing existing population pharmacokinetic information and analyzing the sources of variability. (2) Methods: A total of four databases were searched for published population PK models. We replicated these models, evaluated the impact of covariates on clearance, calculated the probability of target attainment for each model based on a predetermined dosing regimen, and developed an area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) calculator using maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation. (3) Results: A total of 16 models, one- or two-compartment models, were included. The most significant covariates were body size (weight and body surface area) and renal function. The results show that 5 mg/kg/12 h of ganciclovir could make the AUC0–24h within 40–80 mg·h/L for 50.03% pediatrics but cause AUC0–24h exceeding the exposure thresholds for toxicity (120 mg·h/L) in 51.24% adults. (4) Conclusions: Dosing regimens of ganciclovir and valganciclovir should be adjusted according to body size and renal function. This model repository has a broad range of potential applications in MIPD.
Effect of tuberculosis on immune restoration among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy

ABSTRACT In this article, time to immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy was estimated and compared between HIV-infected children with and without tuberculosis (TB). CD4 T-cell restoration was used as a criterion for determining immune recovery. The median residual lifetime function, which is more intuitive and robust compared to the frequently used measures of lifetime data, was used to estimate time to CD4 T-cell restoration. The median residual lifetime is not influenced by extreme observations and heavy-tailed distributions which are commonly encountered in clinical studies. Permutation-based methods were used to compare the CD4 T-cell restoration times between the two groups of patients. Our results indicate that children with TB had uniformly higher median residual lifetimes to immune recovery compared to those without TB. Although TB was associated with slower CD4 T-cell restoration, the differences between the restoration times of the two groups were not statistically significant.
Comparative Study Between Iliac Bone Grafting verses Latarjet Procedure For Surgical Management Of Anterior Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Bone defect

Background and aim : Anatomical glenoid restoration by iliac graft transplant versus latarjet surgery is competing as a management option for recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder associated with glenoid bone loss. All patients, who have recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder with loss of glenoid bone rime, will be assessed effectively for their responses to the Latarjet or the Iliac Graft Transfer. Patients and methods : There were 40 patients presented with Anterior dislocation of the shoulder who had open Latarjet operation or ICBGT operation in this prospective random research. Rowe and ASES ratings, satisfaction level, evaluation of range of motion, and instability were all conducted before surgery and after 6, 12, and 24 months following surgery. All patients were followed up with radiographys and CT scans before and after surgery and over the time of follow-up and recorded. Results : There is no statistically signi ﬁ cant difference between both groups for management of recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation ( P < 0.05). Conclusion : It has been observed during the follow-up over this period, and as a result of the measurements or radiographs, that there is no difference between them except the Latarjet group ' s signi ﬁ cantly decreased exterior rotation capacity.
Reacting to rural problems or creating cognitive space? Knowledge production and the diffusion of the agroecology movement in Chiang Mai, Thailand

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explores how the agroecology movement in Chiang Mai, Thailand, has been diffused and what has contributed to its pathways to socioecological sustainability. During the diffusion of this social movement, non-governmental organization (NGO) activism, the introduction of organic farmers’ markets and local organic certification, and collaboration with universities have played significant roles. Our findings suggest that partnership, place, and knowledge have been important contributors to the agroecological transition. Utilizing the concept of cognitive praxis, we conclude that the participatory mode of knowledge production and the horizontal process of knowledge exchange have contributed to the movement’s diffusion by providing opportunities for local ecological knowledge to be produced, reinvented, and disseminated.
Integration of equation of Toda periodic chain kind

In this work we apply the method of the inverse spectral problem to integrating an equation of Toda periodic chain kind. For the one-band case we write out explicit formulae for the solutions to an analogue of Dubrovin system of equations and thus, for our problem. These solutions are expressed in term of Jacobi elliptic functions.
Mechanical Stabilization of Martensite: Comparison of Ni-Mn-Ga and Cu-Ni-Al Shape Memory Single Crystals

Mechanical Stabilization of Martensite: Comparison of Ni–Mn–Ga and Cu–Ni–Al Shape Memory Single Crystals M. Vronkaa,b,∗, L. Straka, H. Seiner, M. Karlík and O. Heczko Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Department of Materials, Trojanova 13, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejskova 5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Division of Optoelectronics and Magneto-optics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
Microalgal and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial Consortia: From Interaction to Biotechnological Potential

Microalgae are used in various biotechnological processes, such as biofuel production due to their high biomass yields, agriculture as biofertilizers, production of high-value-added products, decontamination of wastewater, or as biological models for carbon sequestration. The number of these biotechnological applications is increasing, and as such, any advances that contribute to reducing costs and increasing economic profitability can have a significant impact. Nitrogen fixing organisms, often called diazotroph, also have great biotechnological potential, mainly in agriculture as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Microbial consortia typically perform more complex tasks than monocultures and can execute functions that are challenging or even impossible for individual strains or species. Interestingly, microalgae and diazotrophic organisms are capable to embrace different types of symbiotic associations. Certain corals and lichens exhibit this symbiotic relationship in nature, which enhances their fitness. However, this relationship can also be artificially created in laboratory conditions with the objective of enhancing some of the biotechnological processes that each organism carries out independently. As a result, the utilization of microalgae and diazotrophic organisms in consortia is garnering significant interest as a potential alternative for reducing production costs and increasing yields of microalgae biomass, as well as for producing derived products and serving biotechnological purposes. This review makes an effort to examine the associations of microalgae and diazotrophic organisms, with the aim of highlighting the potential of these associations in improving various biotechnological processes.
Physically based DC lifetime model for lead zirconate titanate films

Accurate lifetime predictions for Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films are critical for a number of applications, but current reliability models are not consistent with the resistance degradation mechanisms in lead zirconate titanate. In this work, the reliability and lifetime of chemical solution deposited (CSD) and sputtered Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films are characterized using highly accelerated lifetime testing (HALT) and leakage current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Temperature dependent HALT results and impedance spectroscopy show activation energies of approximately 1.2 eV for the CSD films and 0.6 eV for the sputtered films. The voltage dependent HALT results are consistent with previous reports, but do not clearly indicate what causes device failure. To understand more about the underlying physical mechanisms leading to degradation, the I-V data are fit to known conduction mechanisms, with Schottky emission having the best-fit and realistic extracted material parameters. Using the Schottky emission equati.
Simplifying and solving decision problems by stochastic dominance relations

Stochastic dominance is a formal statistical property that partially orders probability distributions. If two alternatives can be ordered by the stochastic dominance criterion, then all individuals whose utility functions satisfy a few easy-to-verify criteria will unanimously prefer the dominant alternative. We review several extant characterizations of stochastic dominance, including a recent result that shows how stochastic dominance can be linked to a preference for combining “good” and “bad” outcomes. In particular, if a decision context is about allocating pairs of alternatives in two different states, then lotteries between two “good-bad” pairs dominate lotteries that yield both “bad” alternatives in one state versus both “good” alternatives in the other state. We explain this dominance relationship and show how it can be used in solving several decision problems involving choice under risk. We also show how individual preference for always pairing such good with bad alternatives implies utility that is a weighted average of exponential functions, which can each be characterized as exhibiting constant absolute risk aversion (CARA). Thus, if preference for one alternative over the others holds under CARA with a wide range of risk aversion coefficients, the decision can be determined with only a limited amount of information about the decision maker's particular utility function. Keywords: downside risk; precautionary effects; prudence; risk apportionment; risk aversion; stochastic dominance; temperance; completely monotone utility
Characterization of wheat flour millstreams for friabilin prevalence and nutrient composition

ABSTRACT In the current study, wheat varieties Inqulab-91 and AS-2002 were milled from a roller mill and analyzed for chemical characteristics through Near Infra-Red spectroscopy. Friabilin was extracted with Triton X-114 buffer and evaluated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis against known molecular weight protein standards. Current results show that the chemical constituents and friabilin revealed significant variation and uneven distribution among flour streams. In both wheat varieties, break streams showed higher protein, moisture, gluten, Zeleny and ash values. Inqualb-91 break streams had a higher lipid content than AS-2002 flour streams, but no clear trend was identified. The 15 kDa band was absent in M3, T2, sizing and low-grade flour of Inqulab-91 while the faint band was present in the remaining streams. Among the remaining AS-2002 mill streams, B2, B4, M3, M5, T1, and sizing showed a prominent 15 kDa band, while the rest showed a faint band. Friabilin depicted a positive correlation with all constituents except fat in AS-2002 while a negative correlation with gluten, Zeleny and fat contents for Inqulab-91.
On Helly's Theorem and the Axioms of Convexity

In 1913, E. Helly[i] has established: "When C 1 , . , C m are convex domains in an n-dimensional Euclidean space and every set of n+I of these domains have a common point, then there exists a point which is common to all the domains. " Recently[6] this theorem has obtained an enhanced importance because of the numerous applications which it affords.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Adrenal Iodine-131 6-Beta-Iodomethyl-19-Norcholesterol Scintigraphy for the Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the 131I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) adrenal scintigraphy for the subtyping diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA), considering as gold standard for the diagnosis of unilateral PA (UPA), either the results of the adrenal venous sampling (AVS) or the outcome after adrenalectomy. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was performed on PA patients from 14 Spanish tertiary hospitals who underwent NP-59 scintigraphy with an available subtyping diagnosis. Patients were classified as UPA if biochemical cure was achieved after adrenalectomy or/and if an AVS lateralization index > 4 with ACTH stimulation or >2 without ACTH stimulation was observed. Patients were classified as having bilateral PA (BPA) if the AVS lateralization index was ≤4 with ACTH or ≤2 without ACTH stimulation or if there was evidence of bilateral adrenal nodules >1 cm in each adrenal gland detected by CT/MRI. Results: A total of 86 patients with PA were included (70.9% (n = 61) with UPA and 29.1% (n = 25) with BPA). Based on the NP-59 scintigraphy results, 16 patients showed normal suppressed adrenal gland uptake, and in the other 70 cases, PA was considered unilateral in 49 patients (70%) and bilateral in 21 (30%). Based on 59-scintigraphy results, 10.4% of the patients with unilateral uptake had BPA, and 27.3% of the cases with bilateral uptake had UPA. The AUC of the ROC curve of the NP-59 scintigraphy for PA subtyping was 0.812 [0.707–0.916]. Based on the results of the CT/MRI and NP-59 scintigraphy, only 6.7% of the patients with unilateral uptake had BPA, and 24% of the cases with bilateral uptake had UPA. The AUC of the ROC curve of the model combining CT/MRI and 59-scintigraphy results for subtyping PA was 0.869 [0.782–0.957]. Conclusion: The results of NP-59 scintigraphy in association with the information provided by the CT/MRI may be useful for PA subtyping. However, their diagnostic accuracy is only moderate. Therefore, it should be considered a second-line diagnostic tool when AVS is not an option.
Modelling earnings dynamics and inequality: foreign workers and inequality trends in Luxembourg, 1988–2009

The paper exploits large‐scale administrative data to analyse trends in male earnings inequality in Luxembourg during 20 years of rapid economic growth, industrial redevelopment and massive inflow of foreign workers. A detailed error components model is estimated to identify persistent and transitory components of (the trends of) log‐earnings variance and to disentangle the contributions to it of native, immigrant and cross‐border workers. The model is flexible and allows for a high degree of individual, age, time and cohort heterogeneity. We observe a surprising stability in overall earnings inequality as a result of more complex underlying changes, with marked increases in persistent inequality (except among natives), a growing contribution of foreigners and a decrease in earnings instability (primarily for natives).
Evaluation of the effects of the seismic wave incidence angle on soil-structure interactions via advanced finite beam elements

Abstract This work investigates the interactions between the soil and a superstructure subjected to various seismic waves using variable-kinematics finite beam elements. Artificial boundary conditions based on springs and dashpots with appropriate elastic and viscous coefficients were adopted to ensure the absorption of the incident waves and simulate the infinite domain condition. The one-dimensional finite element formulation is obtained with a unified formalism that enables arbitrary structural models to be adopted. Lagrange-type expansions have been used in this work to approximate the beam kinematics and facilitate the application of artificial boundary conditions. Both pressure and shear waves with different incidence angles have been considered, and the dynamic responses calculated with the current approach have been compared with analytical solutions when available. The results have demonstrated the accuracy and potentialities of the methodology and provided reasonable confidence for future applications.
The Indirect Antiglobulin (Coombs’) Test Is Specific but Less Sensitive Than the Direct Antiglobulin Test for Detecting Anti-Erythrocytic Autoantibodies and Thereby Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs

Simple Summary In immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), autoantibodies shorten the survival of red blood cells, thereby causing anemia. A life-threatening inflammatory and thrombotic complication may also develop in dogs with IMHA. Although pale or icteric mucous membranes and lethargy are common clinical signs, the diagnosis of IMHA is based on routine blood and immunological tests. The antiglobulin (Coombs’) test (AT) detects the presence of autoantibodies either bound to red blood cells (direct, DAT) or unbound in serum or plasma (indirect, IAT). While the DAT has been recommended for the diagnosis of canine IMHA, the value of the IAT is less clear. We tested five different IAT methods in 94 dogs suspected of having IMHA: half of which had DAT+ results. Slightly more than half of the DAT+ dogs were also IAT+ when assessed with the laboratory microtiter plate or in-clinic gel minitube kit methods. However, IAT+ results were seen in fewer than half of the DAT+ dogs when using the microcapillary, gel column, or immunochromatographic strip kit methods. Our results suggest that the DAT is superior for the diagnosis and monitoring of IMHA in dogs but that the IAT may be helpful for diagnosis when serum, but not fresh whole blood, is available from an anemic dog. Abstract The immunodiagnostic assessment of dogs suspected of having immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is based on persistent autoagglutination of erythrocytes (after three saline washes), marked spherocytosis, and a positive direct antiglobulin (Coombs’) test (DAT). However, the value of using the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) for the detection of anti-erythrocytic autoantibodies in serum from dogs suspected of having IMHA is unclear. To evaluate the IAT, leftover serum samples from a large cohort of 94 dogs suspected of having IMHA and for which DAT results were known were incubated with DAT− erythrocytes, and five IAT techniques were performed (in part with different reagents and temperatures): microtiter plate (MICRO), microcapillary, laboratory gel column, gel minitube kit (GEL KIT), and immunochromatographic strip kit. Two IAT techniques (MICRO at 37 °C and GEL KIT with rabbit anti-dog polyvalent reagent) detected autoantibodies against erythrocytes in serum from 53% and 57% of DAT+ dogs, respectively, while other IATs performed less well. Moreover, while the analytic specificity of the IAT methods compared to the DAT ranged from 96–100%, the sensitivity range was only 9–57%. Thus, we still recommend DAT for diagnosis and monitoring of IMHA in dogs but conclude that a positive IAT result may aid diagnostically when serum is available, but fresh red blood cells are not.
Serum Concentrations of Organochlorines in Breast Cancer Women: A Pilot Hospital Based-case Control Study in Vietnam

Cancer, in general, and breast cancer in particular, is one of the noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) that is increasing rapidly in the world, especially in developing countries like Vietnam. Along with other etiological factors (e.g., genetics, family history, age, etc.), there is growing scientific evidence that exposure to environmental carcinogens, especially endocrine disrupting chemicals-EDCs (e.g., organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and some other organic compounds), is potentially associated with increased incidence of several NCDs including breast cancer in animal and human studies. People are frequently exposed to various carcinogens, such as pesticides, in their lifetime. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are frequently used worldwide as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and termiticides, and people may be exposed to these substances at different levels due to direct and/or indirect ways. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the accumulation level of serum organochlorines in breast cancer in a case-control study in Vietnam. A random collection of blood samples was carried out from the cases (breast cancer patients, n=146) and controls (healthy women, n=146) with informed consent in a hospital-based case and control study. Serum was separated within 2h of blood collection and then subjected to further purification before analysis by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The determination of 18 organochlorines (Aldrin, α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC, γ-BHC, Heptaclor, Heptaclor epoxide, Diendrin, Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, Endosulfan sulfat, Endrin, Endrin aldehyde, Endrin ketone, p,p’ DDD, p,p’ DDT, p,p’DDE, Methoxyclor) showed that only p,p′-DDE (as a main metabolite of p,p′-DDT) was detected in the blood samples of the cases (26.0%) and controls (10.3%). In addition, p,p′-DDT was the only pesticide detected in the disease group with low concentration (3.4%). The average concentration of p,p'-DDE in the case (3.51 ± 0.99 ppb) was higher than that in the control (1.89 ± 0.43 ppb) with a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05).
Integration of project based learning models with interactive multimedia: Innovative efforts to improve student breaststroke swimming skills

Background and Study Aim. Breaststroke swimming is one of the compulsory subjects for students majoring in sports education at Lambung Mangkurat University. Thus, it is important to have good breaststroke swimming skills so that later it will become the basis for creating experienced and potential teachers. Therefore, there is a need for special treatment to improve breaststroke swimming skills. This study aims to provide evidence of the integration of project based learning models with interactive multimedia on improving students' breaststroke swimming skills. Material and Methods. This research is a quasi-experimental type with a pretest posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling so that as many as 90 sports education students were sampled, namely 45 experimental groups and 45 control groups. The instrument resulting from breaststroke swimming skills was designed by the researcher, based on the theory of swimming experts, all descriptors for the breaststroke swimming instrument totalled 35 items. Furthermore, the analysis of the data in this study through the stages of normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing. Results. The hypothesis test on the experimental group indicator with the PBL-Multimedia Interactive treatment showed a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 which means it is significant. Furthermore, the results on the control group indicator showed a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, so there was a significant increase. The results also show a difference with a significance of 0.001 <0.05, which means that the PBL- Multimedia Interactive experimental group and the control group (Conventional) have a significant difference in the effect on the posttest score. Conclusions. This study shows that the PBL-Multimedia Interactive model integration treatment has a significant effect on improving students' breaststroke swimming skills. Where the integration of the PBL-Multimedia Interactive model is proven to be more effective than the conventional model. That way, the integration of the PBL-Multimedia Interactive model is effective and can be applied in swimming learning, especially in improving breaststroke swimming.