Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of SATB1 in medial ganglionic eminence-derived cortical interneuron differentiation

Brain function depends on the activity of cortical γ-aminobutyric acid- producing (GABAergic) interneurons, which participate in the formation of inhibitory circuits and control the activity of excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons. Cortical GABAergic interneurons are extremely diverse in morphology, electrophysiology and molecular marker expression. A plethora of transcription factors that control aspects of this diversity has now been identified. Among them, the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor LHX6 is required for the differentiation of parvalbumin+ (PV+) and somatostatin+ (SST+) cortical interneurons. However, little is known about the molecular cascades operating downstream of LHX6 to control the maturation of these two major interneuron subtypes. With a focus on identifying region- and stage-specific factors regulating interneuron maturation, a genome-wide gene expression analysis was conducted in our laboratory and identified the gene encoding the chromatin organiser protein SATB1 as an LHX6 target in the E15.5 mouse cortex. In this thesis, we investigate the in vivo role of SATB1 in cortical interneuron terminal differentiation. Using a constitutive Satb1-null mouse established in our laboratory we demonstrate that Satb1 regulates multiple aspects of SST+ interneuron maturation. In contrast, by generating mice with a specific deletion of Satb1 in PV+ interneurons (PV-Cre;Satb1-flox) we show that Satb1 is not required for the maturation of this group of inhibitory neurons. Moreover, interneuron-specific deletion of Satb1 with the Nkx2.1-Cre line reveals a disruption of the excitation/inhibition balance in the brain and a significant loss of both SST+ and PV+ interneurons. Finally, we show that SATB1 and the general neuronal maturation marker KCC2 are coexpressed in mature cortical interneurons. By performing overexpression experiments in brain slices we observed regulation of Kcc2 expression by SATB1, but failed to detect any reciprocal regulation of Satb1 by KCC2. Overall, our findings provide a basis for understanding the terminal differentiation of interneurons in the mammalian cortex.
Preemergence Weed Control in Conventional-Till Corn (Zea mays) with RPA 201772

Field studies were conducted at Dekalb, Urbana, and Brownstown, IL, in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate corn (Zea mays) injury and weed control from preemergence applications of RPA 201772 alone and tank-mixed with metolachlor, atrazine, or both. No significant corn injury from RPA 201772 was observed at any time for all experiments. Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) control at 60 days after treatment (DAT) was variable and ranged from 47 to 93% for RPA 201772 applied alone at 105 g ai/ ha. Giant foxtail control of at least 90% was observed by applying metolachlor at 1,120 g ai/ha with 105 g/ha RPA 201772. The addition of atrazine at either 1,120 or 1,680 g ai/ha improved control of giant foxtail compared with RPA 201772 applied alone at 105 g/ha in two of the six studies. RPA 201772 applied at 105 g/ha controlled at least 88% of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum), and smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus). RPA 201772 controlled 88% or less of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium). Control of these three species was 92% or greater with RPA 201772 plus atrazine. Control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) was at least 96% with RPA 201772 applied alone at any rate in four of the six studies. However, common lambsquarters control was 68 and 77% for RPA 201772 applied alone at 105 g/ha at Urbana and Brownstown in 1997, respectively, where high common lambsquarters densities were prevalent. Under these conditions, the addition of atrazine to RPA 201772 at 105 g/ha improved control of common lambsquarters. RPA 201772 has excellent potential to provide consistent control of velvetleaf compared with atrazine. In contrast, these studies indicate RPA 201772 may provide inconsistent control of certain weed species in different environments. In order to achieve consistent control of a broad spectrum of weed species, RPA 201772 must be combined with other herbicides.
Pigment Composition of Macroalgae from a Norwegian Kelp Forest

Variation in pigment composition between seasons in 10 different species of macroalgae was examined using high precision liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, a study on the variation of pigment quantity and quality with tissue age was performed on the kelp Saccharina latissima. All species contained Chlorophyll a (Chl a), and all Phaeophytes contained the accessory chlorophylls, Chl c1+2 in addition to the carotenoids fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. In the two Rhodophytes examined, the major pigments in addition to Chl a was β,β-carotene and zeaxanthin. Within each species, the light harvesting pigments follows the same tissue concentration trend as Chl a. No similar trend of seasonal variation in pigment composition was seen between species. In the Phaeophytes, the three Fucus species tended to have high pigment content, while Ascophyllum nodosum was recurring as the species with the lowest concentration of all pigments. There was no influence of tissue age in pigment content in the February samples of S. latissima, whereas age influence was seen both in May and September. The light harvesting pigments (LHPs) Chl a, fucoxanthin, Chl c and violaxanthin was detected in all seasons in S. latissima, while Zea was only detected in the May samples and antheraxanthin only in the September samples. In general for S. latissima, February showed the highest concentration of all LHP, while there was a decrease towards May and September. Shading and position in relation to light of macroalgae in the water column determines the pigment content in the wrack and kelp species studied. The limits for high (>1000 μg)/intermediate (500-1000 μg)/low content (<500 μg) of Chl a per gram wet weight, reveals that Phaeophytes and Rhodophytes have a highly variable Chl a content (101-1997 μg for Phaeophytes, 219-1303 μg for Rhodophytes) within PG, while the Chlorophytes generally showed less variation in [Chl a] with seasons (828-1656μg).
Bringing very long term memories back to life

On pense souvent que notre memoire nous joue des tours et nous fait defaut. Ces oublis concernent generalement des souvenirs qui ne sont pourtant pas si vieux. Alors quand il s’agit de se rappeler d’informations sensorielles auxquelles nous n’avons pas repense depuis plusieurs dizaines d’annees, pas de doute, il ne reste plus rien… Mais en est-on vraiment sur? Et si l’information etait toujours la, prete a se manifester de maniere explicite -comme sous forme de rappel ou de sentiment de familiarite- pour peu que les conditions le lui permettent? A ce jour, tres peu d’experiences ont ete menees sur ce sujet. L’objectif de ma these a donc ete d’apporter des premiers elements de reponse concernant la recuperation de memoires laissees inactives. Ma recherche s’est orientee selon deux axes principaux : une premiere partie theorique ou je montre a) qu’il n’est pas necessaire de reactiver une trace mnesique pour la maintenir a tres long-terme si elle a ete suffisamment repetee et b) que la recuperation explicite de cette memoire serait possible grâce a la presentation d’informations qui cibleraient au mieux le souvenir ; une seconde partie experimentale ou je montre a) que des participants sont capables de recuperer de maniere explicite des informations laissees en dormance pendant au moins une dizaine d’annees et b) que cette trace mnesique pourrait etre detectee sur des traces d’Electroencephalographie (EEG). Ainsi, et aussi etonnant que cela puisse paraitre, dans des conditions favorables a leur reactivation, d’anciennes traces mnesiques que l’on croyait disparues, peuvent de nouveau surgir sous la manifestation de rappel ou de sentiment de familiarite par exemple. Ces resultats soulevent des questions majeures concernant le stockage neuronal de cette information.
PTX Sensitive Signals in Bone Marrow Homing of Fetal and Adult Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells Short title for running head: PTX sensitive signals in homing

Abstract: Several examples suggest a relationship between in vitro migratory capacity and bone marrow (BM) homing. Pertussis toxin (PTX) is a potent inhibitor of serpentine receptor-associated inhibitory trimeric guanidine nucleotide binding (Gi) protein signals. As such, it blocks hemopoietic progenitor cell migration in vitro, but contrary to expectation, no effects on BM homing were observed in previous studies. We therefore re-examined the effect of PTX on homing of murine BM and fetal liver (FL). We found that BM homing of PTX-incubated progenitor cells (CFU-C) from BM or FL in irradiated and non-irradiated recipients was reduced by >75%, with a concomitant increase in circulating CFU-C in peripheral blood. Additional studies confirmed the functional significance of this reduction in homing: PTX-treated cells did not provide radio-protection, and their short-term engraftment in BM and spleen was drastically reduced. Furthermore, several approaches show that cell-intrinsic rather than host-derived mechanisms are responsible for the PTX induced homing defect. In summary, we show that Gi protein signals are required for BM homing, and as such provide a new example of the association between BM homing and in vitro migration. Moreover, our data suggest that the behavior of hemopoietic progenitors in obeying Gi signaling does not diverge from that of mature leukocytes. From bloodjournal.hematologylibrary. org by guest on June 3, 2013. For personal use only.
The distribution of a Tomicus piniperda (L.) population in the crown of Yunnan pine during the shoot feeding period.

n Kunming, Tomicus piniperda (L.) during the period of shoot feeding distributed mainly around the host trees in which the trunks had been used as the reproduction site. Around all these trees the population density decreased exponentiallyfrom the centre to the periphery. The diameter of dispersion area was about 30m.During shoot feeding, the beetle population dispersed into the new area around progressively. In the crown of host tree, the bark beetles distributed principally to4th-10th whorls. The percentage of the bark beetles in the crown reached thelargest in the 7th whorl. The rate of shoot damaged was the largest in the 6th-7thwhorls, followed in the second place in 2th--5th whorls, and decreased progressively from the 7th to the lowest whorl. At the levels in the crown, the barkbeetles concentrated relatively in the outer portion of the crown, which was aboutthe sum of the numbers in the middle and inner portions of the crown. In the early period of shoot feeding, the population distributed mainly in the outer portionof the crown, and then progressively dispersed to the middle and the inner portionsof the crowns. In the late period of shoot feeding, most of population aggregatedin the crowns of the trees which whould be attacked on the trunks, and distributedmainly in the outer portions of these crowns. On the basis of comprehensive analysis,the spatial distribution of the bark population in the crown is thought to be theresult from the influence of the shoot diameter, the population density, tranferringdamage, landing behavior, and sunlight on the bark beetle behavior.
Modélisation des interactions digestives et de la production de méthane chez les ruminants

L' adequation des apports alimentaires aux besoins des animaux et la prevision precise de leurs reponses aux pratiques alimentaires necessitent de quantifier les eventuelles interactions digestives (non-additivite des valeurs potentielles des aliments au sein d un regime). Deux bases de donnees ont ete constituees de maniere independante pour modeliser les effets specifiques du niveau alimentaire et de la proportion d aliment concentre (PCO) sur la digestibilite de la matiere organique (dMO) du regime, sur les pertes energetiques aux niveaux fecal, urinaire et de la production de methane afin d en deduire les consequences sur les valeurs energetiques des rations. La premiere base de donnees, BOVIDIG, rassemble 571 experiences (1482 traitements) sur bovins avec des mesures de digestibilite in vivo de la matiere organique et la seconde, RUMENER, 151 experiences (1021 traitements) avec des mesures du metabolisme energetique sur bovins, ovins et caprins. Les resultats issus de ces deux bases sont globalement coherents entre eux : l augmentation de NA se traduit par une diminution de la digestibilite de la dMO , ou de l energie, qui est en partie compensee par de moindres pertes d energie aux niveaux urinaire et du methane. L accroissement PCO dans la ration entraine une augmentation de la dMO, d autant plus importante que la fraction fourrage associee est peu digestible et le niveau alimentaire, faible. La production de CH4 repond de facon curvilineaire a PCO. De ces resultats, il ressort que l evaluation de l impact energetique des interactions digestives ne peut se faire que sur la base de la dMO. Les equations proposees permettent d estimer, a partir de criteres alimentaires simples (NA et PCO), les corrections a apporter sur la valeur energetique des rations des differentes especes de ruminants. Ces corrections sont un peu plus importantes pour les rations moyennes que les corrections actuelles des systemes INRA, mais elles sont du meme ordre de grandeur pour les rations « intensives » a fortes valeurs de PCO et NA.
Effects of short day (16L:8D) length on broilers: some physiological and welfare indices.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of continuous or short day length on body weight, plasma melatonin, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels, H:L ratios, walking ability, and duration of tonic immobility in broilers. Day-old male broilers (176 chicks) were reared at floor pens in two identical rooms (4 pens/room) with a density of 16 chicks/m. Two lighting schedules were applied; continuous (C) (24 L) or short day (16L:8D) (SD), to chicks from 2 to 42 d. Body weights (BW) were recorded at 0, 21, and 42 d. Blood samples were obtained to measure melatonin concentration at 21 and 42 d at the middle of the light and dark periods. During the day-time (light) sampling, blood was also withdrawn to measure T3, T4, H:L ratios. Tonic immobility was obtained on the same days. SD significantly reduced early (21 d) growth (P 20 lux) used in the experiment. However, SD resulted in lower lameness as reflected by birds with gait score 0 (P<0.05) at 42 d. In conclusion, SD resulted in reduced body weight at 21 d, however broilers attempted to compensate growth retardation by 42 d of age. It could be concluded that a clear diurnal rhythm of melatonin, when taking together with reduced lameness, was welfare advantage of SD.
NR 27. STRATEGIC NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCING FORAGE BEEF PRODUCTION IN THE TROPICAL VENEZUELAN LLANOS

The response in growth and carcass quality of 102 intact and 20 castrate males grazing dry season followed by irrigated dry season native (Lambedora) improved (Tanner grass) forages to selected strategic technologies was investigated. The key is to develop strategies to deliver these technologies in ways that will enhance fermentative rate and efficiency to allow greater intake and animal productivity. Nutritional strategies included 1) a macro/tracemineral supplement (MIN) or 2) a strategic (STRAT) supplement including key minerals, a slowly degrading protein source (feather meal) to provide a continuous nitrogen release, ionophore (Salocin), degradable fiber (rice polishings), and capsulized fat (whole cottonseed). Cattle initially were intensively grazed on flood and pump irrigated pastures until target weight (average 495 kg) and condition were achieved. Cattle were implanted initially with zeranol (72 mg) or Revalor followed by a second implant of zeranol (72 mg). Mineral supplement for MIN cattle was provided continuously and STRAT (comprised of feather meal, whole cottonseed, molasses, rice polishings, mineral mix and Salocin at 10, 0, 5, 77.9, 7, and 1 % for d 0-60 and 10, 49.9, 5, 28, 7, and 1 % for d 61-182), was hand-fed at 1 kg/hd daily. Total MIN or STRAT consumption was 15.3 vs. 172 kg/hd or 84 vs. 945 g/d through d 182. At 182 d, the first group was selected for slaughter and supplementation with STRAT was ceased. At this point, the MIN and STRAT cattle averaged 459.4 and 487.2 kg and differed (P
Effect of growth regulators on growth and flowering of gladiolus.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of growth regulators viz . , GA 3 (100 and 150 ppm) and NAA (200 and 300 ppm) on growth and flowering of three varieties of gladiolus viz., Phule Neelrekha, Phule Tejas and Phule Ganesh in split plot design at Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during Rabi season of the years 2008-09 and 2009-10. The results revealed that, the maximum leaves plant -1 and spikes hectare -1 , minimum days required for opening of first pair of florets and 50 per cent flowering were recorded due to the variety Phule Tejas. Whereas, the maximum total chlorophyll content of leaves before f1owering and length of spike, distance between two florets, longevity of flower on plant and length and width of florets were observed with the variety Phule Ganesh. However, effect of PGR was non-significant as regards leaves plant -1 and chlorophyll content of leaves, whereas, significantly early opening of first floret and 50 per cent flowering and the maximum spike yield and values for spike quality parameters viz . , length of spike, distance between two florets, longevity of flower on plant and length and width of florets were noted under the treatment of GA 3 150 ppm.
Microsatellite analysis of buffaloes of Indo-Gangetic Plains

The buffalo population of Uttar Pradesh constitutes 26.1% of the total buffalo population of India, yet this population has not been defined into distinct breeds or populations. The Indo- Gangetic plains have only one defined breed of buffalo named Bhadawari. Data on 11 micro-satellites was generated on 625 animals transversing the entire Indo-Gangetic basin. The mean number of alleles per locus was 13.34 while the effective number of alleles was 4.00 as most of the alleles were in a low frequency. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.52 and 0.68 respectively pointing towards the existence of population structure. The FIS values were 0.15 which is statistically significant and points to local inbreeding in the buffalo population. The Analysis of molecular variance revealed 7.2% variation attributed to among district populations. The data revealed two distinctive clusters on the basis of correspondence analysis. The small cluster comprised of buffaloes of Mau, Balia and Ghazipur districts. The larger cluster also had discernible sub- structuring which could not be identified distinctively using multivariate analysis of Principal Component and Correspondence Anaysis.
On the genetics of intracranial aneurysms and on growth factor induced angiogenesis in the murine brain

13 Abbreviations 15 Introduction 19 Review of Literature 21 1 Special Features of Cerebral Circulation 21 1.1 General Features 21 1.2 Cerebral Blood Supply 22 1.3 The Blood-Brain Barrier 23 1.4 The Cerebral Artery Wall 24 2 Common Pathologies of the Cerebral Vasculature 25 2.1 General Classification of Cerebrovascular Disorders 25 2.2 Intracranial Aneurysms 25 2.2.1 Epidemiology of IA 26 2.2.2 Rupture of IA causes SAH 26 2.2.3 Epidemiology of SAH 26 2.2. 4 Risk Factors of IA and SAH 27 2.2. 5 Histopathology of IA 27 2.2. 6 Diagnosis and Treatment of IA and SAH 28 2.2. 7 Prevention of IA and SAH 29 2.3 Cerebral Hypoperfusion 30 2.3.1 Acute Cerebral Hypoperfusion 30 2.3. 2 Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion 31 2.3. 3 Risk Factors of Cerebral Hypoperfusion 33 3 Genetics of Intracranial Aneurysm 34 3.1 The Human Genome 34 3.1.1 The Structure of the Human Genome 34 3.1.2 Common and Rare Variations in the Genome 35 3.1.3 Heritability 37
Characterising the role of the Cajal Body during a productive adenovirus infection

Human adenoviruses (Ads) are DNA viruses believed to hold potential as gene therapy vectors. However, Ad vectors often express residual late structural proteins, which stimulate immune responses resulting in rapid clearance of the vector. Therefore a greater understanding of the mechanisms controlling Ad late gene expression is required. During the late phase of adenovirus 5 (Ad5) infection it was previously shown that a nuclear compartment involved in RNA metabolism known as the Cajal body (CB) is disassembled from 1-6 punctate domains per cell into numerous microfoci. Furthermore, the marker protein of CBs, p80 coilin, was suggested to play a role in the expression of Ad late phase proteins. However, the exact function of coilin in Ad late protein expression is unknown. The aim of this investigation was to determine the roles of coilin and additional CB proteins during Ad infection. Immunofluorescence microscopy was utilised to investigate the redistribution of key CB proteins following Ad5 infection of A549 cells. Whilst coilin was redistributed from CBs into microfoci, another CB protein, termed survival of motor neuron (SMN), was redistributed from CBs into the nucleoplasm. To assess the roles of coilin and SMN during Ad5 infection, coilin was depleted in A549 cells by RNA interference (RNAi). Cells were infected with Ad5 and the virus yield, Ad proteins levels and Ad mRNA levels were assessed. Depletion of coilin reduced the virus yield and decreased the synthesis of Ad early, intermediate and late phase proteins. Although Ad mRNA expression was mostly unaffected, nuclear export of Ad mRNAs was abrogated in coilin-depleted cells. This indicated that coilin plays a role in Ad mRNA transport. Similar to coilin, SMN depletion significantly reduced the virus yield. However, in contrast to coilin, SMN depletion resulted in significant decreases in the levels of Ad capsid proteins, whilst non-structural proteins were either increased or unaffected. SMN depletion was found to reduce early gene transcription and altered alternative splicing patterns of Ad mRNAs. This suggested that SMN plays a role in Ad transcription and mRNA splicing. This investigation uncovered the involvement of two CB proteins in two very distinct roles during Ad infection. This is the first report suggesting a role for CBs in mRNA export. Further study is now required to identify the exact function of coilin in Ad mRNA export. Furthermore, investigation of a role for coilin in cellular mRNA export and mRNA export during infection with other viruses is also warranted. Although SMN was known to play a role in cellular mRNA splicing, this is the first report indicating that SMN may be involved in splicing of virus mRNAs. Additional work is required to define the precise function of SMN in transcription and mRNA splicing during Ad infection and during infection with other virus species.
Neuroendocrine regulation of the development of seasonal morphs in the Asian comma butterfly,Polygonia c-aureum L--Difference in activity of summer-morph-producing hormone from brain-extracts of the long-day and short-day pupae

Il est montre que les formes saisonnieres de P. c-aureum sont determinees par une hormone produisant des formes d'ete.Les cellules neurosecretrices responsables de la production de cette hormone se trouvent dans la pars intercerebralis.On etablit une methode d'extraction de l'hormone, et un essai biologique utilisant des pupes de Polygonia,avec des larves d'ete donneuses et des larves d'automne receveuses.On etudie la variation de la quantite d'hormone en fonction du sexe des donneurs et de la photoperiode sous laquelle le developpement a eu lieu.