Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of public private partnership in agriculture: A review

The importance of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in agriculture is understood in terms of a shared mechanism among partners for input, resource, market, risk, technology and benefits. In addition, review of various studies indicated the visibility of PPP in various facets of knowledge management, capacity building of women and youth, development of high end technologies, processing and market promotion and gender mainstreaming in agriculture. The partnership approach apart from developing certain technologies also empowered farmers in terms of enhanced access to technology and market in India through organized farmers groups. Farm women from difficult areas were enabled to empower themselves through gende mainstreaming techniques. The limitations of PPP such as focus mainly on high end technologies, high profit margin areas and crops, perceived mistrust and lack of transparency and non-adherence to agreement among partners could be overcome through appropriate working mechanism and policy support. Establishing PPP cell at research and development organizations would spearhead the growth of PPP and thereby sustainable agriculture and livelihood of millions of poor farm families in India.
CD56-SPECIFIC T CELLS: USING GENETICALLY ENGINEERED T CELLS TO REDIRECT SPECIFICITY TO A T CELL EXPRESSED ANTIGEN

xi TABLE OF CONTENTS.xii LIST OF FIGURES.xviii LIST OF TABLES.xxi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.xxii CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND.1 1.1 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Based Adoptive Immunotherapy.1 1.2 Redirecting T-Cell specificity to T Cell expressed antigens . 3 1.3 CD56 a.k. a. Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM). 5 1.3. 1 NCAM in Neurons.7 1.3. 2 NCAM Signaling in T Cells.10 1.3. 3 NCAM and Cancer.12 1.4 T Cell Activation.13 xiii 1.5 Significance.16 1.6 Specific aims.17 CHAPTER 2: In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of Redirected Cytolysis and Antitumor Capacity of CD56-Specific T cells.21 2.
Human brain development and evolution: insights from gene expression

v Resumo vii Acknowledgements ix Table of contents xi List of Abbreviations xiii CHAPTER I Introduction 1 1. Human brain development 2 2. Interspecies phenotypic differences 6 2.1. Changes in timing 6 2.2. Brain size differences 7 2.3. Changes in microstructure and connectivity 9 3. Gene expression in the human brain 11 4. Transcriptome evolution 12 4.1. Developmental differences in the transcriptome 13
Full Length Research Paper Gill net selectivity and catch rates of pelagic fish in tropical coastal lagoonal ecosystem

The fish species and size selectivity of gillnets design with monofilament nylon polyethylene netting materials were investigated in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria between September and December 2005. The gillnets floats and sinkers were improvised from rubber slippers and lead metallic objects which were attached at intervals of 1.35 to 2.0 m with hanging ratios of 45.2 and 51.7%. The number of miles per stapling distance was three. A total of sixteen fish species belonging to 14 families were caught and Ethmalosa fimbriata was numerically most abundant. The highest numbers of fish species were recorded during the dry season month of November. The higher the fishing effort the more the gillnet catches. More fishes were caught during daytime than at night. The effect of gillnet fishing activities on fish communities includes a decrease in their abundance, changes in age structure, size composition and species composition. The overall length sizes of the fish caught were comparatively small. Gillnets used were highly selective for smaller size of fish and were easily damaged by crabs, tugs and engine powered canoes. Fishes with head and body girths smaller than 126 mm which were not gilled, wedged or entangled by the gillnets are assumed to have escaped. The condition factor (K) of fishes in the lagoon ranged between 0.11 and 1.3 while a mean condition factor of 47.78 was recorded for swimming crab Callinectes amnicola. The gillnet price per kg of fish was (N150.00 or $1.07) while the price of fish per trip was N477.27 or $3.41). The durability of the nets depends on its continual and timely mending and maintenance.
Hedgehog Signaling in Cancer

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor David J. Robbins. No. of pages in text. (85) Two major biological questions regarding Hedgehog (HH) signaling were investigated in this dissertation. The first important question is the role of lipid modification in HH ligand function, while the second one is epigenetic regulation in HH-driven cancer. In the second chapter, identification of lipid modifications in HH ligands from different contexts and pertinent functional studies were performed to elaborate the role of lipids in regulating the biological properties of HH. This is the first description of heterogeneous fatty acylation in a fully processed form of HH ligand, and shows that such a profile of lipidation is dynamic in different cellular contexts. These lipid speciated HH ligands were shown to exhibit distinct potency and intracellular trafficking. In the third chapter, an unbiased epigenetic compound screen was performed to identify compounds that attenuate HHdriven luciferase activity. One of these compounds was a bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) protein inhibitor. This inhibitor potently inhibited HH signaling in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that it acted downstream of SMO, mutations of which have led to resistance to an FDA-approved drug currently being used in the clinic. Targeting BET proteins may bypass this mutation-induced drug resistance when treating HH-driven cancer.
FEED INTAKE AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO IN PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED BROILER RABBITS

Data on feed intake and feed conversion ratio of 17 purebred, 18 two-breed and 27 three-breed cross bunnies from 5 to 16 weeks age were analyzed. Genetic group and season of birth of bunnies have significantly influenced the feed intake and feed conversion ratio of 3-breed crosses. Sex of bunny had no significant influence on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The overall least square means for feed intake were 4.77, 4.98 and 4.85 kg in purebreds, 2-breed crosses and 3-breed crosses and the means for feed conversion ratio were 3.88, 3.66 and 3.33, respectively. The desired negative heterosis was manifested by the 2-breed and 3-breed cross genetic groups.
Wildlife Roadkill Patterns on a Major Highway in Northern Tanzania

Despite expanding road networks, there is limited understanding of the effects of roads on wildlife in East Africa. We present a baseline survey and describe the patterns of roadkill in the Tarangire—Manyara ecosystem of Tanzania. A 75 km stretch of the Arusha Highway that passes adjacent to Manyara Ranch and Lake Manyara National Park was studied for 10 consecutive days in November 2013 (the rainy season). Wildlife species killed on the road, roadkill frequency and road characteristics were determined. A total of 101 roadkill were recorded (0.13 roadkill km-1) comprising 37 species from all terrestrial vertebrate groups, of which two species, house cat (Felis catus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus), were domesticated species. Birds were the most frequently killed taxon (50%), followed by mammals (30%), reptiles (17%) and amphibians (3%). Excluding birds, roadkill primarily consisted of nocturnal species (65%) versus diurnal species (35%). Most roadkill (77.3%) were encountered on road stretches adjacent to protected areas of Manyara Ranch and Lake Manyara National Park compared with 22.7% on the road stretches adjacent to non-protected areas. These findings highlight that roads are a potential threat to wildlife in East Africa and serve as a baseline for future comparisons.
Storage diseases of white yam (dioscorea rotundata Poir): causes, varietal susceptibility and control

Decay in three white yam varieties in Ghana ("Araba", "Asana" and "Puna") stored for seven months were caused by Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. oryzae, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium culmorum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, Penicillium brevi-compactum, Penicillium sp. , Rhizopus stolonifer, and Erwinia sp. After seven months of storage, "Araba" had a significantly lower (p = 0.05) rotting percentage of 22.5% when compared with Asana (75.0%) and Puna (85.0%). In studies aimed at controlling rot on bruised yams over a ten week period, lime was found to be more effective than neem wood-ash (p = 0.005) in suppressing decay in the three white yam varieties. JOURNAL OF THE GHANA SCIENCE ASSOCIATION Volume 1 Number 3, July (1999) pp. 45-52
Bone histology of aquatic reptiles: what does it tell us about secondary adaptation to an aquatic life?

Aquatic reptiles are very diversified in the fossil record. The description and pooling of certain bone histological features (collagenous weave and vascular network) of the various groups of aquatic reptiles highlight what this histological information can tell us about the process of secondary adaptation to an aquatic life. Notably, they show the absence of interaction between these histological features on the one hand and body size, mode of swimming, type of microanatomical specialization and phylogeny on the other. These histological features in aquatic reptiles seem to essentially provide information about the growth rate and basal metabolic rate of these taxa. The growth rate seems to have been rather high in most marine reptiles, when compared with terrestrial ectotherms. Moreover, distinct metabolic abilities are suggested. Indeed, various groups probably displayed a peculiarly high body temperature, and some show trends towards endothermy. This study also emphasizes the crucial need for homologous comparisons in histology and shows that much remains to be done to better understand the relationship between histological features, growth rate and metabolism in extant taxa in order to make inferences in the fossil groups. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ●●, ●●–●●.
Landscape genetics of Phaedranassa herb. (Amaryllidaceae) in Ecuador

15 Acknowledgements 18 REFERENCES 22 III. MUDDY BOOTS BEGET WISDOM: A CAUTIONARY TALE FOR SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS ON ENDANGERED SPECIES 23 Abstract 23 Introduction 24 Methods 26 Study species 26 Collection of occurrence data 27 Model building 29 Evaluation of the models 30 Results 31 Discussion 32 Acknowledgements 36 REFERENCES 4723 Introduction 24 Methods 26 Study species 26 Collection of occurrence data 27 Model building 29 Evaluation of the models 30 Results 31 Discussion 32 Acknowledgements 36 REFERENCES 47 IV. POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF PHAEDRANASSA HERB. (AMARYLLIDACEAE) 50
Larvae of the burrowing shrimp, Upogebia affinis , (crustacea, decapoda, upogebiidae) from Virg

Four zoeal stages ofUpogebia affinis taken in plankton samples from the York River estuary and adjacent lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, are described and figured.Upogebia affinis zoeae may be identified readily in plankton samples. Distinguishing characteristics include an unarmed carapace and rostrum in all stages, the shape and spination of the telson, and the flattened appearance of the endopodites of the pereiopods in late stages.
Cellular and molecular effects of early pregnancy on mammary epithelial cell subpopulations in mice and their potential relevance for breast cancer protection

The breast cancer protective effect of an early pregnancy is well established in both humans and rodents, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Since breast cancers are thought to originate from distinct mammary epithelial cell subtypes, we studied the effect of early parity on the gene expression and the functional properties of specific mouse mammary epithelial cell subpopulations. The latter were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from parous and from age-matched virgin control mice. The isolated cell subpopulations were investigated further by unbiased genomic and bioinformatic methods, as well as by in vitro colony formation and by in vivo mammary gland reconstitution assays. The results of the transcriptome analysis showed an upregulation of differentiation genes and a pronounced decrease in the Wnt/Notch signaling ratio in the basal stem/progenitor cell subpopulation of parous mice. This was associated with a parity-induced downregulation of carcinogenic pathways and a reduction in the in vitro and in vivo proliferation potential. As a possible mechanism for reduced Wnt signaling in basal stem/progenitor cells, we found a more than threefold decrease in the expression of the secreted Wnt ligand Wnt4 in isolated total mammary cells from parous mice, which corresponded to a similar reduction in progesterone receptor positive and Wnt4-secreting cells in intact mammary epithelia. Notably, recombinant Wnt4 partially rescued the parity-induced in vitro proliferation defect of basal stem/progenitor cells, strongly suggesting a causal relation between decreased Wnt4 secretion and parity-induced molecular and functional changes of basal stem/progenitor cells in mice. In conclusion, the study shows that early parity induces differentiation, downregulates the Wnt/Notch signaling ratio and decreases the in vitro and in vivo proliferation potential of basal mammary stem/progenitor cells in mice. Thereby, the study not only delineates the cellular and molecular effects of early parity, but it also paves the way for future studies examining whether inhibitors of Wnt signaling can be used to mimic the parity-induced protective effect against breast cancer.
Gender Differences in the Experience of Psychosis

Background Gender differences in the presentation and course of psychosis are well documented. However, there is a lack of research which examines gender differences in the subjective experience of psychosis at a content level. Aims This study aims to explore gender differences in the presentation and the thematic content of psychotic symptoms. In order to contextualise the research findings, the study will also explore additional demographic and causal factors that might explain any gender differences in presentation, including history of substance use and history of abuse. Method The electronic medical records of 160 users of Early Intervention for Psychosis Services were comprehensively reviewed. Clinician reports were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data pertaining to symptom presentation. A quantitative analysis of symptom presentation was conducted and a thematic analysis was used to explore themes in the content of psychotic symptoms. Results Men experienced a greater number of psychotic symptoms in total, as well as more delusions, negative symptoms and symptoms of thought disorder. Specifically, they were more likely to experience grandiose delusions, hostility, pressure of speech, thought withdrawal and avolition. Women experienced a greater number of hallucinations and were more likely to experience tactile hallucinations. Thematic analysis revealed that men were more likely to experience themes of being attacked or possessing extraordinary powers. Women were more likely to experience themes of people not being who they seem, hearing noises and the feeling of being touched. Further analyses suggested that gender differences in life experience, namely substance use and sexual abuse, may partially explain gender differences in psychotic symptoms and content. Conclusion Gender differences exist at both symptom and content levels. Psychotic experiences may be influenced by life experiences and sociocultural expectations of gender. Mental health services should attend to the meaning and content of psychotic symptoms, and to gender differences in the experience of psychosis.
Evaluation of he performance Naked neck (Na/Na, Na/na) dwarf (de/de, de) gene lines under low selection intensity

Naked neck and dwarf gene lines which were under low intensity of selection for 6 week body weight for 11 generations, were utilized in the present study. The body 'N'eight at 6 weeks in 11 generations since 1995-96 to 2005-06 ranged between 798 and] 217 g in naked neck gene line and 601 and 834 g in dwarf gene line. No definite phenotypic trend in gain in body weight was observed over generations in both the lines. Phenotypic response in 6-week body weight was -15.48±11.12 g in naked neck and -8.97±6.59 g in dwarf gene line, which were nonsignificant. Genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth and production of 11 th generation were analysed. The average body weight at 4week and 6-week, respectively were 467.30±0.67 g and 877.60±0.10 g in naked neck and 258.55±0.66 g and 607.32±0.12 g, respectively, in dwarf gene line (SII generation). Heritability estilnates (h2S) of 4-week and 6-week body weight, respectively, were 0.16 ± 0.08 and 0.06 ± 0.05 in naked neck and 0.16 ± 0.09 and 0.13 ± 0.08 in dwarf. Genetic (rg ) and phenotypic (rp) correlations between these 2 traits were O.56±0.33 and 0.42 in naked neck and 0.45±0.44 and 0.57 in dwad·. The average production performance of ASM~ 20-week body weight, 40-week body weight, 28-week egg weight, 32-week egg weight, 40-week egg weight and 40-week egg production were 175.81±O.09 d, 2349.15±2.15 g,3 157.90±2.23 g, 53.46±O.02 g, 57.58±0.02 g, 61.45±0.03 g and 62.60 eggs ±O.14, respectively, in naked neck and 151.50 d ± 0.05,2 103.98 g ± 2.80,2562.93 g± 0.79,48.94 g ± 0.01, 52.32 g ± 0.01,56.54 g ± 0.01 and 59.30eggs ± 0.08, respectively, in dwarf. In naked neck the heritability estimates from sire component were high for majoIity of the traits, while in dwarf the heritability estimates of the traits fronl sire cOlllponent were low except for egg weights at 28 and 32 weeks of age, which were high. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between different combinations of traits varied in different directions and magnitude in both lines.
Localised movement of snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae) in a large subtropical marine embayment

Snapper were tagged with dart and anchor tags in order to determine movement and the contribution of juveniles inhabiting estuarine areas to the offshore adult population. Laboratory experiments showed that loss of anchor tags was greater than dart tags, although this was not reflected in the results of field trials. A total of 6572 individuals were tagged in field experiments, of which 509 (7.7%) were recaptured. Only four of over 2500 fish tagged and released in Moreton Bay were recaptured in waters outside the bay, suggesting the bay is not an important source of recruits to the offshore fishery. However, problems associated with tag loss and mortality meant that the actual contribution of juveniles to the offshore fisheries remained unclear. Most snapper movements were localised; only ~1% of movements exceeded 100 km. Movements of snapper were mainly directed northward against the prevailing direction of the East Australian Current. Snapper were considered to be a suitable species for marine reserve protection owing to their relatively localised movement patterns.
Genetic parameters for meat yield and quality traits derived from the New Zealand Perendale progeny test

A catch phrase within animal genetics is that there is as much variation within a breed as there is between breeds. The New Zealand Perendale Progeny Test has been conducted on North and South Island sites since 2010 with the aim of investigating genetic variability for carcass traits. A total of 51 sires, from 27 studs have been assessed, with sires selected from the top 20% of the Perendale across-flock Dual Purpose Index SIL evaluation. Within each year/site lambs generated were born within a week (ewes naturally synchronised pre-mating), and slaughtered on the same day. A total of 2318 male progeny have been generated and slaughtered through Alliance with traits measured including weight traits, carcass dimensions, VIAscan® traits, carcass pH, carcass fat colour and, in some years, colour stability of chilled aged loins, subjective marbling score and meat tenderness. Genetic parameters were estimated with ASREML; carcass weight was fitted as a co-variate for carcass traits (excluding carcass weight). The heritability estimates for all traits were moderate to high, with the lowest of 0.22 ± 0.07 for VIAscan® GR, and the highest, for pH, of 0.44 ± 0.09, with the majority between 0.22 and 0.43. The high estimate for slaughter plant measured pH was supported by the 0.59 ± 0.17 estimate for pH measured in the laboratory on those samples which were measured for colour stability. The phenotypic correlations between traits were generally well estimated with small standard errors for the majority of trait combinations. The genetic correlations were not as well estimated with standard errors greater than 0.10 for most traits combinations, but despite the large standard errors some were still significant, and in general agreement with values the literature. The progeny test has therefore demonstrated significant genetic variability for the range of carcass traits assessed in this study within the Perendale breed.
Direct organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in Beloperone plumbaginifolia (Jacq.) Nees.

Beloperone plumbaginifolia (Jacq.) Nees is a small branched medicinal shrub. In vitro studies were conducted, employing explants from node, internode, petiole, shoot bud and leaf lamina. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 6.66 μM BA enabled the proliferation of axillary and apical buds. MS medium supplemented with 5.37 μM NAA was better for callogenesis from nodal and internodal explants, while a combination of IBA (2.46 μM) and 2,4-D (4.52 μM) was good for leaf lamina explant. MS medium with 5.37 μM NAA and 2.22 μM BA was found superior for shoot induction from nodal explants. Half-strength MS medium with 5.37 μM NAA induced adventitious roots and 85% plantlets survived when transferred in the field conditions.
Couplages entre les champs de vitesse et électromagnétique : applications au noyau terrestre et à la prospection géophysique

Le noyau terrestre est un grand ocean de fer liquide, quelques 3000 km sous nos pieds. Il est le siege d'une dynamo auto-entretenant le champ magnetique au cours du temps. Les mouvements convectifs y sont fortement influences par la rotation de la Terre via la force de Coriolis, cette derniere favorisant les mouvements paralleles a l'axe de rotation. L'approche experimentale de la dynamique du noyau terrestre et de la dynamo a connu un developpement important depuis la fin des annees 90 avec en particulier une serie d'experiences a Grenoble. Dans ce cadre, je presenterai lors de cet expose des mesures experimentales permettant d'acceder au champ de vitesse de l'ecoulement dans les metaux liquides, en particulier via les mesures de vitesses ultrasonores par effet Doppler : la comprehension du couplage entre le champ de vitesse et le champ magnetique est en effet determinant dans les processus d'induction magnetique. J'aborderai ensuite la recherche experimentale que je mene au LFCR axee sur la propagation d'ondes mecaniques et electromagnetiques dans les milieux poreux. Il s'agit de reproduire en laboratoire, a echelle reduite, l'analogue de la prospection geophysique multi-physiques de terrain : en jouant sur les conditions limites et les parametres physiques controlables en laboratoire, l'objectif est de tester et d'ameliorer la modelisation physique des milieux poroelastiques et de fait la caracterisation des reservoirs geologiques de la proche surface terrestre. Je presenterai les differentes experiences en cours au laboratoire en insistant en particulier sur les mesures du champ de vitesse sismique par vibrometrie laser et sur les mesures du champ electromagnetique accompagnant la propagation d'ondes sismiques dans les milieux poreux. Une analyse quantitative entre des simulations numeriques directes des experiences et les mesures experimentales sera egalement presentee.