Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antipyretic activity of Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roth.) Sant. and Wagh. Stem bark extracts

Pyrexia or fever is defined as an elevation of body temperature. It is a response due to tissue damage, inflammation, malignancy, or graft rejection. [1] Fever is associated with symptoms of sickness behavior which consist of lethargy, depression, anorexia, sleepiness, and inability to concentrate. Antipyretic medication can be effective at lowering the temperature which may include the affected people’s comfort. [2] Plants have been a major source for new drug design. Traditional use of medicinal plants with antipyretic activity is a common worldwide feature of many ethnobotanical cultural systems. In ethnobotany, plants with naturally occurring antipyretic activity are commonly referred as febrifuges. [3,4] ABSTRACT
Assessment of Spring Wheat Genotypes for Disease Reaction to
 Rhizoctonia solani
 AG‐8 in Controlled Environment and Direct‐Seeded Field Evaluations

into undisturbed soil (Anonymous, 2001). Over 263 000 ha of cropland devoted to small grain production is now Rhizoctonia root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn AG-8 under direct seed management in the PNW, of which (Anastomosis Group 8), is a yield limiting disease of direct-seeded cereal grains. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine 50% is planted to spring cereal grains (Pacific North- whether spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes vary in sus- west Direct Seed Association, 2001). Spring crops are ceptibility to Rhizoctonia root rot in inoculated field trials; and (ii) valuable in direct-seed systems due to the retention of evaluate whether disease ratings obtained by controlled environment undisturbed crop residue during the winter, when most (CE) analyses are predictive of disease ratings or genotype perfor- precipitation occurs in the PNW. Direct-seeding also mance in the field. Twenty-one spring wheat genotypes were evaluated maximizes soil water retention and increases water infil- for two crop years in a split-plot field study with high and low levels tration, which diminishes the risk of soil erosion while of disease pressure. The high-inoculum (high) treatment consisted of increasing crop productivity (Papendick, 1998). plots planted the previous fall with a 3:1 mixture of winter wheat and Attempts at grain production via direct-seeding in the oat (Avena sativa L.) grains colonized by the pathogen. The low- 1970s in the PNW failed due to problems associated inoculum (low) treatment was neither inoculated nor planted with a green bridge host the previous fall. Genotypes also were assayed with increased fertilizer requirements, rodent damage, for disease reaction in controlled environment (CE) assays. Average and increased pest and disease pressure (Papendick and disease ratings of field entries in the high treatment were 2.1 times Miller, 1977; Cook, 1991). Although direct-seed systems greater than those from the low treatment (P 0.05). The yield have evolved through the years to minimize these risks, average of entries in the high treatment was 87% of that of entries root diseases have resulted in tremendous yield and in the low treatment (P 0.001). Adult plant heights also were 5 cm crop quality losses when small grains are direct-seeded shorter (P 0.001), heading date was slightly delayed (P 0.05), into standing stubble of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and grain protein content decreased slightly (P 0.05) in the high or wheat (Wiese, 1987; Smiley et al., 1989; Cook, 1990, compared with the low treatment. Test weight was not affected by 1991; Cook and Haglund, 1991; Smiley, 1996). inoculum level. A statistically significant, negative association (P Rhizoctonia root rot, caused by the fungus R. solani
Contemporary Management of Acute Lower Limb Ischemia: Determinants of Treatment Choice

The role of endovascular procedures in the treatment of acute lower limb ischemia (ALI) is expanding. For treatment, the choice between surgical or endovascular is still debated. The aim of this study was to identify factors that determine the selection of treatment. This study included 307 ALI patients (209 with thrombosis). Patient details, factors affecting the procedure choice, and outcomes were analyzed. The majority of patients were operated on (52.4%). Surgery was more frequent in embolic patients with embolus (odds ratio (OR) 33.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.22–184.19, p < 0.0001), severe ischemia (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.2–2.66, p = 0.0041), and active cancer (OR 4.99; 95% CI 1.26–19.72, p = 0.02). Tibial arteries involvement was negatively related to surgery (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.06–0.95, p = 0.04). The complications and amputation rates were comparable. Reinterventions were more common in the endovascular group (19 (20.2%) vs. 17 (8.9%), p = 0.007). The six-month mortality was higher in the operated patients (12.6% vs. 3.2%, respectively, p = 0.001). The determinants of the treatment path are ischemia severity, concurrent cancer, embolus, and peripheral lesion location. Modification of the Rutherford acute lower limb ischemia classification is required to improve the decision-making in patients with profound ischemia.
Digestibility of Different Fats and Fatty Acids in the Blue Fox (Alopex lagopus)

Abstract The influence of the level and type of fat on the digestibility of fat and different fatty acids in the blue fox was studied (experiment A). The possible synergistic effect of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was also clarified (experiment B). The fats employed in experiment A were beef tallow, capelin oil and rapeseed oil and in experiment B beef tallow and soybean oil. Digestibilities were determined by the AIA-indicator method, 0.5% silicate (Celite 545) in feed served as an indicator. The animals in experiment A were adult breeding animals, two males and 2–6 females per group. In experiment B 5-month-old male-female pairs were used, 5 pairs per group. The apparent digestibilities of beef tallow, capelin oil and rapeseed oil on a 15% level of supplemental fat were 88, 96 and 95%, respectively. The corresponding values on a 25% level were 87, 97 and 96%. The digestibilities of beef tallow, soybean oil and their mixture (50:50) on a 20% level of supplemental fat were 93, 96 and 95%, res.
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Paracetamol, a New Association to Relieve Hyperalgesia and Pain in a Sciatic Nerve Injury Model in Rat

Inflammation is known to be an essential trigger of the pathological changes that have a critical impact on nerve repair and regeneration; moreover, damage to peripheral nerves can cause a loss of sensory function and produces persistent neuropathic pain. To date, various potential approaches for neuropathic pain have focused on controlling neuroinflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a new association of ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEAum), an Autacoid Local Injury Antagonist Amide (ALIAmide) with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, with Paracetamol, a common analgesic, in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The association of PEAum–Paracetamol, in a low dose (5 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg), was given by oral gavage daily for 14 days after SNI. PEAum–Paracetamol association was able to reduce hyperalgesia, mast cell activation, c-Fos and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression, neural histological damage, cytokine release, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the analgesic action of PEAum–Paracetamol could act in a synergistic manner through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, which leads to a decrease of cyclooxygenase 2-dependent prostaglandin E2 (COX-2/PGE2) release. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PEAum associated with Paracetamol was able to relieve pain and neuroinflammation after SNI in a synergistic manner, and this therapeutic approach could be relevant to decrease the demand of analgesic drugs.
Using longitudinal data to understand nutrition and health interactions in rural Gambia

Abstract Context: Population-based cohort studies have been pivotal in establishing a number of nutrition-health interactions, especially in high-income settings. Less research is available from low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of detailed longitudinal data. Objective: To describe the use of prospectively collected longitudinal data from the rural West Kiang region of The Gambia to explore nutrition-health interactions in a rural sub-Saharan African context. Methods: Demographic records initiated in 1947, coupled with data on maternal and child health, have been used to explore nutrition-health relationships. Results: An analysis of the longitudinal demographic data demonstrated a highly significant association between season of birth and infection-related adult mortality in this context. Additionally, using routine data on childhood anthropometry, it has been shown that, despite a significant decline in child undernutrition, rates remain unacceptably high, likely reflecting the very high socio-economic threshold required to eliminate undernutrition. Conclusion: The foresight to establish demographic data collection over seventy years ago has supported a wealth of novel research within a traditional African context. The availability of detailed clinical records on maternal and child health is helping to unravel the factors driving child undernutrition in rural Africa, and to identify targets for interventions to improve health in this context.
Current Data Regarding the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR) is the main focus of diabetes mellitus (DM) management nowadays. Complex pathogenic mechanisms that are the subject of this review lead to early and severe atherosclerosis in DM patients. Although it is not a cardiovascular disease equivalent at the moment of diagnosis, DM subjects are affected by numerous cardiovascular complications, such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, or peripheral artery disease, as the disease duration increases. Therefore, early therapeutic intervention is mandatory and recent guidelines focus on intensive CVR factor management: hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. Most important, the appearance of oral or injectable antidiabetic medication such as SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 agonists has proven that an antidiabetic drug not only reduces glycaemia, but also reduces CVR by complex mechanisms. A profound understanding of intimate mechanisms that generate atherosclerosis in DM and ways to inhibit or delay them are of the utmost importance in a society where cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are predominant.
Resveratrol Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in CoQ Synthesis in Liver in Mice Fed with High Fat Diet

Resveratrol (RSV) is a bioactive natural molecule that induces antioxidant activity and increases protection against oxidative damage. RSV could be used to mitigate damages associated to metabolic diseases and aging. Particularly, RSV regulates different aspects of mitochondrial metabolism. However, no information is available about the effects of RSV on Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a central component in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Here, we report for the first time that RSV modulates COQ genes and parameters associated to metabolic syndrome in mice. Mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) presented a higher weight gain, triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol levels while RSV reverted TGs to control level but not weight or cholesterol. HFD induced a decrease of COQs gene mRNA level, whereas RSV reversed this decrease in most of the COQs genes. However, RSV did not show effect on CoQ9, CoQ10 and total CoQ levels, neither in CoQ-dependent antioxidant enzymes. HFD influenced mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy markers. RSV modulated the levels of PINK1 and PARKIN and their ratio, indicating modulation of mitophagy. In summary, we report that RSV influences some of the metabolic adaptations of HFD affecting mitochondrial physiology while also regulates COQs gene expression levels in a process that can be associated with mitochondrial dynamics and turnover.
Value Roadmapping

OVERVIEW: Technology managers have a wide range of methods and tools at their disposal for deciding whether to invest in early-stage technologies. However, these techniques are mostly focused on quantitative measures such as discounted cash flow and real options techniques, and in the early, uncertain stages of technology development they lack accuracy. By adopting a qualitative approach called value roadmapping, the potential future value streams for early-stage technologies can be explored and hence a clearer consensus-based picture of the future potential of new technologies derived. The VRM method is a workshop-based process that brings together cross-functional perspectives and supporting communication, in particular between technical and commercial groups. The technique has been developed and tested in seven cases in both large technology-intensive companies and research-driven SMEs and institutes.
Autophagy induction by exogenous polyamines is an artifact of bovine serum amine oxidase activity in culture serum

Polyamines are small polycationic alkylamines involved in many fundamental cellular processes, including proliferation, nucleic acid synthesis, apoptosis, and protection from oxidative damage. It has been proposed that in addition to these functions, elevated levels of polyamines promote longevity in various biological systems, including yeast, Drosophila, and murine models. A series of in vitro mechanistic studies by multiple investigators has led to the conclusion that addition of exogenous spermidine promotes longevity through autophagy induction; however, these experiments were confounded by the use of mammalian cell culture systems supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Using cell viability assays, LC3B immunoblots, and live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we report here that in the presence of ruminant serum, exogenously added polyamines are quickly oxidized by the copper-containing bovine serum amine oxidase. This polyamine oxidation resulted in the production of harmful byproducts including hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, and reactive aldehydes. Our data demonstrate that it is critically important to prevent confounding bovine serum amine oxidase–induced cytotoxicity in mechanistic studies of the roles of polyamines in autophagy.
Karyological Identity of Anderson's Red-backed Voles from the Kii Peninsula and Central Honshu in Japan

To reexamine the taxonomic status of the Anderson's red-backed voles from the Kii Peninsula population, we compared the karyotype with that of voles from the central Honshu population. As a result, it was revealed that the karyotypes of specimens from both populations were almost identical (2 n=56, FN=60). Namely, the karyotypes of both populations were composed of 2 pairs of subtelocentric, one pair of metacentric, 24 pairs of acrocentric, X chromosome of subtelocentric, andY chromosome of submetacentric elements. Further, in comparison of karyotypes of Anderson's red-backed voles used here with those of Clethrionomys rujocanus and Eothenomys smithii, the present voles were recognized as being closer to E. smithii than C. r. bed/ordiae. Accordingly, it is concluded that the voles from both populations belong to the same species, and the authors support the opinion of ArMr (1980), who has regarded the voles constituting both populations as Eothenomys andersoni.
Soil fertility and crop nutrition research at an international center in the Mediterranean region: achievements and future perspective

The Mediterranean climate allows for rainfed cropping in the relatively moist cool period from autumn to late spring/early summer. Drought has a constant influence. Soil fertility was partly maintained by fallowing, nitrogen-fixing plants, and animal manures. Considerable changes have occurred due to land use pressure, i.e. decreasing fallow and increasing crop diversification, irrigation, and chemical inputs, especially chemical fertilizers. Generally, N use has increased about 20-fold, while phosphate has also increased significantly. Due to adequate reserves in the soils, there is a limited potassium fertilizer use. Awareness of the significance of micronutrients has developed. This presentation gives a broad overview of nutrients in relation to soil properties and crops, emphasizing nutrient dynamics in agroecosystems and nutrient use efficiency. Chemical fertilizers have contributed significantly to increasing crop output in the Mediterranean region. Fertilizers and nutrients are considered in the broadest sense, i.e. agricultural production, human and animal health, and the environment. Attention is given to the potential contribution of soil and cropping systems to the emission of greenhouse gasses and how soil management is likely to need to respond to the likelihood of climate change. Projections about future changes related to soil resources of the Mediterranean region are seen in the light of global trends.
Effects of Removing the Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, and Proximal Third of the Abomasum on Digestion and Blood Changes in Calves

Summary Experiments were carried out with calves which had their forestomachs, upper one-third of abomasum with vagi, and spleen surgically removed. Some aspects of the nutrition, physiology of digestion, and levels of blood constituents were studied. Voluntary feed intake was found to be affected by stomach growth, anorexia, and scouring. Diets high in fiber stimulated the rumination cycle. Rate of passage of food was similar to that of simple-stomached animals. Results indicate that the decrease in blood sugar concentration which occurs in normal calves is independent of rumen development, dietary changes, or increased levels of volatile fatty acids in the functional rumen or in the blood. Changes in postprandial acetone body and volatile fatty acid levels were noted. The significance of these findings and the possible relationship between these factors are discussed.
DESEMPENHO VEGETATIVO E PRODUTIVO DE CULTIVARES DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) A PARTIR DE MANIVAS COM DIFERENTES DIÂMETROS

Realizou-se esta pesquisa com a finalidade de se estudar a viabilidade da utilizacao de manivas com tres diferentes diâmetros relacionados a tres diferentes posicoes nas plantas de origem, avaliando-se seus efeitos na emergencia, desenvolvimento e producao de tres cultivares de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). A pesquisa no campo foi realizada em dois anos, durante o periodo compreendido entre 23/09/1980 e 23/07/1981 e entre 01/09/1981 e 20/07/1982, em Piracicaba, SP. Ramas maduras e sadias foram obtidas de plantas com cerca de 12 meses de idade, pertencentes aos cultivares Mantiqueira, Jacana e Pirassununga. Destas ramas, foram preparadas manivas com comprimento de 20 cm e diâmetros de 2,6 ± 0,2 cm, 2,0 ± 0,2 cm e 1,4 ± 0,2 cm, representando, respectivamente, manivas retiradas das hastes principais, ramificacoes primarias e ramificacoes secundarias das plantas de origem. O delineamento experimental foi um fatorial 3 x 3 em blocos casualizados com nove tratamentos e cinco repeticoes. Foram determinados a velocidade e porcentagem de emergencia, numero de raizes tuberosas por planta, massa da raiz e o rendimento de raizes. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir: 1) O vigor da muda de mandioca, expresso atraves dos diversos diâmetros da maniva, manifesta-se significativamente no estadio de emergencia da cultura; 2) Manivas com 2,0 ± 0,2 cm ou 2,6 ± 0,2 cm de diâmetros, retiradas respectivamente das ramificacoes primarias e hastes principais, devem ser preferidas para maior velocidade e porcentagem de emergencia; 3) Menor numero de raizes tuberosas produzidas por planta e compensado pela maior massa individual da raiz; 4) Para a producao de raizes por area, e indiferente a utilizacao de manivas com diâmetro de 2,6 ± 0,2 cm, 2,0 ± 0,2 cm e 1,4 ± 0,2 cm; 5) Os tres cultivares utilizados no experimento sao de alto rendimento em raizes, destacando-se o cultivar Mantiqueira.
Genetic Relatedness of Yeast Strains Studied by the DNA-DNA Hybridization Method

Genetic relatedness of 14 yeast strains and 2 mold strains was studied by the DNA-DNA hybridization method. The hybridization was performed between mitochondrial-DNA-free, 32P-labeled DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae IAM 4009 and cold DNA of other strains. The DNA homology indices deviated considerably even among S. cerevisiae strains having similar GC contents, but, in general, yeast strains known to be able to mate with S. cerevisiae, showed high homology indices (35_? _70%). Other species of Saccharomycetaceae and 6 as-porogenous yeast strains exhibited values of 10_? _20%. The relatedness suggested from these results was confirmed by the competition experiments and also by the hybridization with 32P-DNA of Candida pulcherrima IFO 0561. DNA's of Aspergillus oryzae I and Neurospora crassa IFO 6067 also exhibited low but appreciable homology indices (5_? _7%). These results were discussed from the aspects of phylogenetics and also of gene conservation in microorganisms.
Decontamination of Titanium Surface Using Different Methods: An In Vitro Study

Contamination of implants is inevitable during different steps of production as well as during the clinical use. We devised a new implant cleaning strategy to restore the bioactivities on dental implant surfaces. We evaluated the efficiency of the Finevo cleaning system, and Ultraviolet and Plasma treatments to decontaminate hydrocarbon-contaminated titanium disks. The surfaces of the contaminated titanium disks cleaned using the Finevo cleaning system were similar to those of the uncontaminated titanium disks in scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, but no obvious change in the roughness was observed in the scanning probe microscopy analysis. The rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) cultured on the treated titanium disks attached to and covered the surfaces of disks cleaned with the Finevo cleaning system. The alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenesis-related gene expression in rBMMSCs on disks cleaned using the Finevo cleaning system were higher compared to those in the ultraviolet and plasma treatments, displaying better cell functionality. Thus, the Finevo cleaning system can enhance the attachment, differentiation, and mineralization of rBMMSCs on treated titanium disk surfaces. This research provides a new strategy for cleaning the surface of contaminated titanium dental implants and for restoration of their biological functions.
Effect of Hurricane Andrew on survival and movements of white-tailed deer in the everglades

Movements and survival of 32 radiomarked white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus seminolus) were studied in the wet prairie of Everglades National Park (ENP) and Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP) before and after the passage of Hurricane Andrew, a storm with sustained winds of 242 km/hr that bisected the study area on 24 August 1992. All radiomarked deer survived the hurricane. However, the hurricane, which struck during rut, appeared to reduce conception rates or fetus and fawn survival, or both, as evidenced by a 13-fold decrease in fawn production in 1993. Home range sizes, measured during January-March, did not differ (P > 0.05) among the years 1991, 1992 (prehurricane), and 1993 (posthurricane). Strong site fidelity in the wake of Hurricane Andrew was evidenced by the lack of difference (P > 0.05) in the distances between home range centers in prehurricane years (1991-92) and in pre- and posthurricane years (1992-93). Multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP) analyses revealed that although many deer altered (P < 0.05) their home range use distributions between 1992 (prehurricane) and 1993 (posthurricane), these changes were consistent with those observed in the same deer between 1991 and 1992 (prehurricane years). In the absence of extraordinary or prolonged rainfall, hurricanes appear not to exert direct detrimental effects on deer populations in the interior marshes of the Everglades, but they may depress productivity for an annual cycle.