Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Infantile Colic among Omani Babies

Infantile colic although is benign and self-limiting condition, it is distressing for both infants and care providers. Colicky babies cry from few minutes to hours per day, several days a week and last for weeks. The colic is more common among infants age 2 weeks to 4 months. Aim: To assess the incidence of infantile colic among Omani infants, describe associated factors, mothers’ knowledge about infantile colic and common management methods used for the colic. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, mothers who gave birth to healthy full term infants by vaginal delivery at the SQU hospital over the period (1 October31 December 2014) were invited to join the study. Those who accepted to participate signed written consent prior to data collection. Demographic data about the mother and family were collected from the mother after birth by self-completed questionnaire; Medical data was collected from the infant electronic medical records; data about the development of infantile colic were collected at the age of one month, three months and five months via telephone call using a structured questionnaire. Results: Out of 64 infants only 49 have data up to the age of 5 months. A total of 7 babies (14.3%) satisfied the Wessel criteria for infantile colic when 25 babies (51%) were reported by the mothers to have this problem. The age at which the colic starts was found to range from 1-16 weeks and stops between the weeks 8-20 weeks (except for 2 babies, as at the time of completing the study were still having the infantile colic episodes). Some mothers expressed fears about their infant’s health and development due to infantile colic. Most mothers thought that their diet may affect infantile colic (69.2%) and some thought that their psychological state during pregnancy is related to infantile colic development (46.9%). No significant association was found between infantile colic and infants birth weight, order among siblings, sleeping pattern, feeding and defecation pattern. No statistically significant association was found between colicky and non-colicky infants according to family type, history of previous child with colic, mother’s age, working status and the family economic state. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence rate for colic using the definition is far less than mother perception of the problem. According to this study, infantile colic is a common condition among Omani infants.
Associations between anthropometric indicators of adiposity and body fat percentage in normal weight young adults

Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between various anthropometric adiposity screening indices and body fat percentage estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A total of 186 (95 male and 91 female) normal weight (body mass index [BMI] = 18.5- 24.9 kg/m2) young adults (mean age= 20.96 ± 2.03 years) were measured on body fat percentage, body height, body mass, waist and hip circumferences. Abdominal volume index, body adiposity index, BMI, body roundness index, conicity index, reciprocal ponderal index, waist to height ratio, waist to height 0.5 ratio, and waist to hip ratio were calculated accordingly. Results revealed significant gender effects in all main anthropometric measurements. Except for waist to hip ratio, results indicated significant associations between anthropometric indices and BIA in both male and female participants. BIA results were found to be largely associated with BMI and abdominal volume index in both genders. Bland- Altman analysis showed good agreements between these indices and BIA. Considerable associations and agreements highlight the potential importance and the use of several anthropometric proxies to estimate body adiposity among male and female non-overweight/obese young adults. Despite continuing discussion regarding its accuracy, BMI seems to be useful for monitoring body adiposity within this cohort.
Unwillingness to Organ Donation and Religious Concerns in Turkey

This study aimed to determine the Turkish population’s attitudes towards organ donation in comparison to European countries and discuss religious concerns regarding organ donation. Public attitudes were studied using the Eurobarometer 72.3 survey which is the most recent survey on organ donation in Europe and is population representative. Among 1,004 respondents from Turkey, over 50% of participants were not willing to donate their organs, and around 16% of people remain equivocal. Only about 19% of respondents were familiar with the national laws regarding organ donation, and the most (35.7%) commonly cited reason for refused organ donation was: “religious reasons”. In Turkish socio-cultural context, an essential component for success in organ donation is addressing religious concerns. As the crux of the organ donation is acceptance of ‘brain death’ as formal death, and Turkish Presidency’s guidelines on organ donation do not clarify whether brain death is accepted as death or not, Islamic scholars in Turkey needs to discuss brain death and clarify its permissibility.
Comparisons of Methods and Outcomes of Warfarin Guideline-based Management in Patients on Warfarin Therapy whose International Normalized Ratio (INR) is Higher than Target INR at Vachiraphuket Hospital

Objective: To compare the methods and management outcomes based on the warfarin guidelines of VachiraphuketHospital in patients receiving warfarin whose international normalized ratio (INR) is higher than target INR at Vachiraphuket Hospital.Material and Methods: Retrospective analytic studies were conducted. The data were collected from retrospectiveoutpatient medical records from 1st January 2012-9th September 2016.Results: Sixty-seven patients with a total number of 178 events of INR higher than the target were reported. All events were divided into 84 events and 94 events which dealt and did not deal with the management method according to the warfarin guidelines of Vachiraphuket Hospital, respectively. After treating patients based on the hospital management guidelines, 33 events (39.3%) achieved target INR and 51 events (60.7%) were out of the target INR range. In the cases of patients who were not treated based on the hospital guidelines, 39 events (41.5%) were in the target INR and 55 events (58.5%) were out of INR range. Comparing the management methods and their outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference in achieving target INR between the patients treated with the hospital guideline-based method or the non-guideline-based method (odds ratio=0.913, p-value=0.765). Conclusion: According to the warfarin guidelines of Vachiraphuket Hospital, the management for patients with INR higher than target INR was probably unsuccessful for everyone. Therefore, the management of each individual patient should be carefully considered.
Quantitative assessment of the artery dilation measurements with an arterial phantom

The arterial wall motion (AWM) technique, based on the use of tissue Doppler imaging, provides quantitative measurements of the artery dilations over the cardiac cycles. We present the technical validation of the geometrical model used in AWM. The experiments are based on a phantom simulating arterial pulsation and aim at assessing the variability and reproducibility of the AWM measurements over time and space, as well as perform comparisons vs. the reference "wall tracking" technique. The results show that the spatial and temporal AWM measurements exhibit satisfactory stability (normalized standard deviation equal to 2.46%), and that the peak dilation measurements provided by AWM are very close to those obtained by the "wall tracking" technique (normalized difference equal to 5.36%).
Developing an Art Therapy Program in a Children’s Hospital

Abstract There is a growing understanding for the integration of art therapy into hospital settings. This viewpoint explores a newly introduced art therapy program at Children’s Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri. Launched with private funding, the success of the program has been predicated on communicating the importance of art materials and studio environment, appropriate referrals, session processes, and the patient experience.
The causes of reject images in a radiology department at a state hospital in Windhoek, Namibia

Purpose Reject film analysis (RFA) is a well-established method of quality assurance (QA) in diagnostic radiology that gives an indication of the sources of imaging errors and highlights areas where improvements can be made. Despite the adoption of computed radiography (CR) which has a wide dynamic range and image post-processing capabilities, radiographic images are still rejected thereby emphasising the role of regular RFA in any radiology department. Regular RFA can reduce radiation exposure to patients and personnel as well as decreasing departmental operational costs. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the causes of reject images and to calculate the rejection rates at a state radiology department in Windhoek, Namibia. Methods Using a quantitative, explorative, non-experimental and descriptive research approach, reject images obtained over a two-month period were retrieved from the computer radiography system. The images were then assessed to identify the reasons for rejection; reject rates were calculated. Results Of the 2258 images reviewed, 181 were reject images, resulting in an overall departmental reject rate of 8%. Positioning (63%), exposure (24.9%), gridlines (1.7%), collimation (2.2%), absence of anatomical markers (2.8%), and artefacts (5.5%), were identified as the causes for image rejection. Chest and skull radiographs had the highest reject rates of 48.1% and 9.9%, respectively. Conclusion Positioning error was the highest contributor to reject images. Even though the overall reject rate in this study was within the IAEA 5-10% recommended range, reject rates associated with individual anatomical areas require further investigation.
Validation of Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 for Predicting Mortality among Patients Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the newest version of the pediatric index of mortality (PIM) 3 for predicting mortality and validating PIM 3 in Korean children admitted to a single intensive care unit (ICU). Methods We enrolled children at least 1 month old but less than 18 years of age who were admitted to the medical ICU between March 2009 and February 2015. Performances of the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) III, PIM 2, and PIM 3 were evaluated by assessing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, conducting the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and calculating the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Results In total, 503 children were enrolled; the areas under the ROC curve for PRISM III, PIM 2, and PIM 3 were 0.775, 0.796, and 0.826, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was significantly greater for PIM 3 than for PIM 2 (P<0.001) and PRISM III (P=0.016). There were no significant differences in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test results for PRISM III (P=0.498), PIM 2 (P=0.249), and PIM 3 (P=0.337). The SMR calculated using PIM 3 (1.11) was closer to 1 than PIM 2 (0.84). Conclusions PIM 3 showed better prediction of the risk of mortality than PIM 2 for the Korean pediatric population admitted in the ICU.
Épidémiologie de la maladie de Newcastle en aviculture villageoise à Madagascar

Une enquete epidemiologique sur la maladie de Newcastle en aviculture villageoise a ete conduite pendant douze mois (de mai 1999 a juin 2000), aux environs d'Ambohimangakely et de Moramanga, deux zones agro-ecologiques de Madagascar. Les trente familles ayant participe a l'enquete ont affirme avoir ete victimes d'une epizootie avec une forte mortalite au moins une fois avant l'enquete. Les resultats de la recherche serologique et l'isolement de l'agent pathogene ont confirme que cette epizootie, responsable de 44,3 % de toute la mortalite enregistree pendant douze mois, est bien la maladie de Newcastle. L'incidence maximale (71 %) de la maladie affectant75 % des elevages de basse-cour a eu lieu au mois d'octobre 1999, avec une seroprevalence atteignant souvent les 100 % apres le passage de l'epizootie. Dans les villages, l'infection est apportee soit par les poules nouvellement introduites, soit par les oiseaux gueris. Toutes les formes de la maladie de Newcastle (epizootique, enzootique et asymptomatique) ont ete rencontrees. Les comportements des eleveurs favorisent la generalisation de l'infection au sein d'un meme village et dans les villages environnants.
Potensi Pemberian Sinbiotik pada Umur yang Berbeda pada Gambaran Histologi Ileum Ayam Pedaging Betina = The Potential of Giving Synbiotic in Different Ages of Female Broilers on Histological of Ileum

The purpose of this research was to determine the right time for giving synbiotic on broilers according to the height of ileum villi and the proliferation of goblet cells. This research used 20 female broilers, were randomly divided into four treatment groups which each group consisted of five broilers, P0 was given water without synbiotic, P1 was given water mixed with synbiotic at age of two days, P2 was given water mixed with synbiotic at age of 14 days, and P3 was given water mixed with synbiotic at age of 24 days. Treatment had been given until broilers 35 days old and sacrificed for histologycal examination of ileum. Statistical analysis used was ANOVA (Analysis of Variant) that continues to Duncan’s Multiple Range Testifthe result of the test is significant at the level of5%. The result of height of the ileum vili was significantly different but the result of the goblet cells’s proliferation was not significantly different. Height measurements of vili showed that P2 was the highest and P0 was the lowest. The right time for giving synbiotic on broilers was at 2 days old.
Workload monotony, strain and non-contact injury incidence in professional football players

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyse the association of the workload monotony and workload strain with the injury incidence with professional football players taking part in European football competitions. Methods: A total of 130 elite football players, from 5 teams playing European competitions, have been followed during a season. The internal workload was calculated using the Session Rate of Perceived Exertion method and the injuries were recorded. The 4-weeks, 3-weeks, 2-weeks and 1-week monotony (mean workload divided by workload standard deviation) and strain (absolute workload multiplied by monotony) were calculated on a daily basis, using a rolling days method. Results: The 4-weeks monotony was related to injury incidence. The relative risk (RR) of injury is decreased with an increase in 4-weeks monotony (RR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.90; P = 0.004). The injury incidence was related to the 4-weeks strain. The RR of injury is increased with an increase 4-weeks strain (RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.14–1.97; P = 0.004). Conclusions: The links between a high 4-weeks monotony and the injury incidence, and the links between a high 4-weeks strain and the injury incidence indicate that monotony and strain were associated with injury incidence in elite football players and require to be monitored.
Outcomes of Patients with Significant Obesity Undergoing TAVR or SAVR in the Randomized PARTNER 2A Trial

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) at intermediate surgical risk, treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) have similar 2-year survival. Significant obesity (SigOb), defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, has been associated with increased surgical risk and post-operative complications. There are no data comparing clinical outcomes after SAVR versus TAVR in patients with SigOb. Methods: In the PARTNER 2A trial, 2032 patients with severe AS and intermediate surgical risk were randomized to TAVR with the SAPIEN XT valve or SAVR. After excluding 32 patients who had very low BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, the remaining 2000 patients were categorized based on BMI at baseline to SigOb or not SigOb, and compared in regards to 2-year risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Results: A total of 250 patients (12.5%) were SigOb and were younger, more often female, and more frequently diabetic. The 30-day and 2-year rates of the primary composite endpoint death and disabling stroke as well as the risks of its components, were similar for patients with versus without SigOb. However, the 2-year relative risk of cardiovascular death was lower with TAVR versus SAVR for SigOb patients (5.7% vs 15.4%, p = 0.02; HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15–0.88) but not for not SigOb patients (10.6% vs 10.7%, p = 0.91; HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.73–1.32; p interaction = 0.03). These results remained consistent after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions: In the PARTNER 2A Trial, intermediate-risk patients with severe AS and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 undergoing TAVR experienced significantly lower cardiovascular mortality than similar patients undergoing SAVR.
Role of Spouse/Partner in Fertility Preservation Decision Making by Young Women with Cancer

i Acknowledgements.ii List of Tables . iv List of Figures . v Chapter 1: Introduction.1 Chapter 2: Literature Review.9 Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework.34 Chapter 4: Research Questions and Methods.41 Chapter 5: Results.51 Chapter 6: Discussion.73 References.96 Appendix A: Demographic Questionnaire.113 Appendix B: Interview guide.118 Appendix C: Consent Form.123 Appendix D: IRB Approval.131
Biomechanical Root Cause Analysis of Complications in Head Immobilization Devices for Pediatric Neurosurgery

Precise and firm fixation of the cranium is critical during craniotomy and delicate brain neurosurgery making head immobilization devices (HIDs) a staple instrument in brain neurosurgical operations today. However, despite their popularity, there is no standard procedure for their use and many complications arise from using HIDs in pediatric neurosurgery. In this paper, we identify biomechanical causes of complications and quantify risks in pin-type HIDs including clamping force selection, positioning and age effects. Based on our root cause analysis, we develop a framework to address the biomechanical factors that influence complications and understand the biomechanics of the clamping process. We develop an age-dependent finite element model (FEM) of a single pin on a cranial bone disc with the representative properties and skull thickness depending on age. This model can be utilized to reduce risk of complications by design as well as to provide recommendations for current practices.
Association of Dialysis Malnutrition Score with Hypoglycemia and Quality of Life among Patients with Diabetes on Maintenance hemodialysis

Objective To determine the association between Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS), hypoglycemia and quality of life among patients with Diabetes on Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD). Methodology Ninety-two diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis were assessed using a standardized data collection tool, Dialysis Malnutrition Score, WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and hourly blood sugar monitoring during the dialysis session. Association among DMS, hypoglycemia and quality of life were assessed along with other associated variables. Results Based on the DMS, 62% of patients were malnourished. Those with malnutrition were significantly older (p=0.0006) and female (p=0.013). Only 6.5% of the participants developed hypoglycemia during dialysis. Those with poor nourishment in the DMS showed a significant trend of decrease in the quality of life (physical (p<0.001), psychological (p<0.001) and social (p=0.004) and is associated with the occurrence of hypoglycemia (p<0.001). Conclusion Malnutrition is prevalent in diabetic patients on MHD using DMS. A higher DMS score is highly correlated with increased risk of hypoglycemia and decreased quality of life hence detection of malnutrition is important to prevent further nutritional depletion, hypoglycemia and poor patient outcomes by implementing preventive measures such as nutritional counselling and psychosocial interventions.
Preoperative Staging in Women with Known Breast Cancer: Comparison between Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Objectives To prospectively evaluate the accuracy in tumor extent and size assessment of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in women with known breast cancer, with pathological size as the gold standard. Methods From May 2014 to April 2016, 50 patients with known breast cancer were enrolled in our prospective study. All patients underwent MRI on a 3T magnet and DBT projections. Two radiologists, with 15 and 7 years of experience in breast imaging respectively, evaluated in consensus each imaging set unaware of the final histological examination. MR and DBT sensitivity, PPV and accuracy were calculated, using histology as the gold standard. McNemar test was used to compare MR and DBT sensitivity. Correlation and regression analyses were used to evaluate MRI vs Histology, DBT vs Histology and MRI vs DBT lesions tumor size agreement to histological results. Results On histological examination 70 lesions were detected. MRI showed 100% sensitivity, 96% PPV and 96% accuracy; DBT sensitivity was 81%, PPV 92% and accuracy 77%. McNemar test p-value was 0.0003. Lesions size Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.97 for MRI vs Histology, 0.92 for DBT vs Histology, (p-value<0.0001). MRI vs DBT regression coefficient was 0.83. Conclusions MRI confirmed to be the most accurate imaging technique in preoperative staging of breast cancer. However, DBT showed very good accuracy, sensitivity and tumor size assessment and could be a valid tool for preoperative staging when MRI is contraindicated.
Topical Nano Drug Delivery for Treatment of Psoriasis: Progressive and Novel Delivery

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease influencing 1–3% of the all-inclusive community with significant hindrance to personal quality of life. These conditions may adversely influence the patient’s quality of life and prompt psychosocial stretch. Psoriasis can be arranged as mild, moderate, and severe conditions. Mild psoriasis prompts the formation of rashes, and when it ends up moderate, the skin transforms into scaly. It is important to control and limit the indications of psoriasis to give patient long-lasting protection since psoriasis is not presently curable yet it can go into reduction, creating a normal/ordinary skin surface. Customary conventional treatments for psoriasis are utilized for the treatment of incorporate topical, oral, or systemic formulation yet have a potential for long-term danger and may not generally give adequate change of the illness. Dermal treatment guaranteeing percutaneous penetration is presently very suggested in topical signs for psoriatic patients, which can be accomplished utilizing pharmaceutical nanotransporters nanovesicle and nanoparticle and so forth. The advancement of novel treatments focusing on the pathogenesis of psoriasis presently gives new and efficient treatment alternatives such as nanoparticulate/nanovesicular gels, which are more powerful in diminishment of purities, scaling, and hyperkeratosis of psoriasis plaque. Because of high drug loading, productivity, and stability, novel transporter diminishes the scaly patches and decreases of humoral immunity. Point of the survey is to center around the effect of nanotechnology construct drug delivery approaches in light of different anti-psoriasis drugs delivery for the fruitful treatment of psoriasis with negligible poisonous or toxic response.