Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mending hearts: A further strategy to improve cardiac donors availability

Patients listed for heart transplantation are increasing annually worldwide, but the limited number of available donor hearts restricts this treatment to a small fraction of potential recipients. Attempts have, therefore, been made to expand the donor pool by recruiting donors who may not satisfy the standard criteria for organ donation. We reviewed our early experience by using three donor hearts which were successfully transplanted either after correction or not of pre‐existing defects (Case #1: Coronary fistula; Case #2: Takayasu syndrome; Case #3: Percutaneously repaired atrial septal defect), demonstrating that structural cardiac abnormalities might not always be an absolute contraindication to donation candidacy.
Intra-articular Injection of Bevacizumab Enhances Bone Marrow Stimulation–Mediated Cartilage Repair in a Rabbit Osteochondral Defect Model

Background: Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) via microfracture historically has been a first-line treatment for articular cartilage lesions. However, BMS has become less favorable because of resulting fibrocartilage formation. Previous studies have shown that angiogenesis blockade promotes cartilage repair. Bevacizumab is a Food and Drug Administration–approved medication used clinically to prevent angiogenesis. Hypothesis: The intra-articular injection of bevacizumab would prevent angiogenesis after BMS and lead to improved cartilage repair with more hyaline-like cartilage. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The dose of bevacizumab was first optimized in a rabbit osteochondral defect model with BMS. Then, 48 rabbits (n = 8/group/time point) were divided into 3 groups: osteochondral defect (defect), osteochondral defect + BMS (BMS group), and osteochondral defect + BMS + bevacizumab intra-articular injection (bevacizumab group). Rabbits were sacrificed at either 6 or 12 weeks after surgery. Three-dimensional (3D) micro–computed tomography (microCT), macroscope score, modified O’Driscoll histology scores, collagen type 2, Herovici staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed. Angiogenesis markers were also evaluated. Results: The intra-articular dose of 12.5 mg/0.5 mL bevacizumab was found to be effective without deleteriously affecting the subchondral bone. Intra-articular injection of bevacizumab resulted in significantly improved cartilage repair for the bevacizumab group compared with the BMS or the defect group based on 3D microCT, the macroscope score (both P < .05), the modified O’Driscoll histology score (P = .0034 and P = .019 vs defect and BMS groups, respectively), collagen type 2, Herovici staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining at 6 weeks. Cartilage in the bevacizumab group had significantly more hyaline cartilage than did that in other groups. At 12 weeks, the cartilage layer regenerated in all groups; however, the bevacizumab group showed more hyaline-like morphology, as demonstrated by microCT, histology scores (P < .001 and .0225 vs defect and BMS groups, respectively), histology, and immunohistochemistry. The bevacizumab injection did not significantly change mRNA expressions of smooth muscle actin, vascular endothelial growth factor, or hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of bevacizumab significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of hyaline-like cartilage after BMS in a rabbit model. Future large-animal and human studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical effect of this therapy, which may lead to improved BMS outcomes and thus the durability of the regenerated cartilage. Clinical Relevance: The use of bevacizumab may be an important clinical adjunct to improve BMS-mediated cartilage repair.
Nanoscale Perforation of Graphene Oxide during Photoreduction Process in the Argon Atmosphere

We present a study of the process of reduction of thin graphene oxide (GO) films consisting of flakes with lateral size of up to 100 μm through soft ultraviolet irradiation in the argon atmosphere. It was found out that the reduction process leads to a significant decrease in the overall content of the basal-plane functional groups, namely, epoxides and hydroxyls, but with simultaneous increase in the total number of the edge-located carboxyl groups. Obtained transmission electron microscopy images showed that this effect is related to formation of nanoscale holes in the course of reduction. Based on the data obtained, we have proposed a mechanism of the observed GO structural modification in terms of photoinduced chemical reactions between the carbon network and functional groups. These reactions result in progressive growth of the initially existing and newly formed vacancies with formation of the nanoholes with size of up to 100 nm. Thus, reduced graphene oxide films with the restored conjugated networ.
Pathologic Risk Factor in Retinoblastoma: An Institutional Experience Based on Analysis of Enucleated Eyes.

BACKGROUND Mortality resulting from the metastasis of retinoblastoma is uncommon in the developed world, however it still constitutes a major problem in developing countries like Nepal. The cases of retinoblastoma with increased risk of metastasis even after enucleation can be predicted from the histopathological examination of the enucleated specimen. We conducted this study aiming to assess the frequency and spectrum of high-risk histological features in enucleated specimens of retinoblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two specimens of primary enucleation done for treatment of retinoblastoma received in the Department of Pathology at UCMS from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018 were included in the study. All slides were reviewed for high-risk histological features along with tumor differentiation, tumor extension, necrosis, and staging. Correlation of high-risk histological features with age and tumor size was calculated using unpaired t-test and correlation with tumor differentiation, necrosis and staging was done using Pearson Chi square test. RESULTS The median age at enucleation was 24 months. All patients had endophytic lesion with a mean tumor size of 1.8cm. One or more high-risk histological features were identified in 30.9% (13/42). The most common high-risk histological feature was retrolaminar optic nerve invasion (10/12, 71.4%). Statistically significant correlation of high risk histological features was noted with tumor size (p=0.011) and AJCC stage of tumor (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Complete histopathological evaluation of retinoblastoma requires searching for high-risk histological features, the presence of which will guide the clinician in timely planning for subsequent neoadjuvant therapy.
Membrane excitabilities in neonatal rat mesencephalic trigeminal neurons under dietary zinc deficiency.

PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc deprivation on the properties of membrane and spike-discharge features of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons (MTNs), which are important sensory neurons for oral-motor reflexes and rhythmical jaw movements. METHODS Neonatal Sprague Dawley rats (P10-12) were distributed equally into a normal diet group and a zinc-deficient diet (ZD) group. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from MTNs from coronal brain slices. RESULTS Passive membrane properties showed a modest depolarized membrane potential and decreased cell capacitance in the ZD group. Zinc deprivation decreased the minimal current amplitude, which induced an action potential and increased the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization following the action potential. Negligible changes were observed for other action potential properties. A decreased burst duration was observed, accompanied by hastened spike frequency adaptation in the burst discharge. There was no difference in the resonant properties at both the subthreshold depolarized potential and hyperpolarized membrane potential between the control and ZD groups. CONCLUSION These results suggests that neither the persistent sodium conductance nor slow inwardly rectifying conductance were altered; however, there appeared to be an increase in Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance in zincdeficient MTNs.
Personal Payments from Pharmaceutical Companies to Authors of Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines.

BACKGROUND Oncologists who author clinical practice guidelines frequently have financial relationships with the pharmaceutical industry. It is unknown whether participation on clinical practice guideline committees is associated with differences in the amounts of industry money received. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study from August 2013-December 2018. We manually abstracted membership records of NCCN Guidelines committees for the 20 most common cancers and linked to Open Payments. The study sample included medical oncologists selected to join an NCCN Guidelines committee ("joiners") during the study period. Joiners were matched 1:2 to medical oncologists who had no participation on NCCN committees (controls) by gender, NCCN institution, and medical school graduation year. We performed difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation to assess whether selection to an NCCN committee was associated with the dollar value of payments received from industry, using generalized estimating equations to address correlation between matched pairs and between repeated observations of the same pair. RESULTS 54 physicians joined an NCCN Guidelines committee during the study period. These physicians received more payments than matched controls in the year prior to joining ($11,259 vs $3,427, p=0.02); this difference did not increase in the year after joining (DiD = $731, p=0.45). CONCLUSION Medical oncologists selected to NCCN Guidelines committees had greater financial ties to industry than their peers. The potential influence of industry in oncology clinical practice guidelines may be reduced through the selection of committee members with fewer ties to industry. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Oncologists who author clinical practice guidelines frequently have financial conflict of interest with the pharmaceutical industry. This creates concern about the potential for industry influence on guidelines. However, it is unknown whether oncologists who author guidelines have greater industry relationships than their peers. This study compared medical oncologists who were newly-selected to join an NCCN Guidelines panel to medical oncologists at the same institutions and at similar career stages. At the time they joined, oncologists joining NCCN Guidelines panels had received more than three times the dollar value of industry payments than their peers. The potential for industry influence may be reduced by the selection of less-conflicted panel members.
Antibiotic residues in the aquatic environment – current perspective and risk considerations

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is a major concern for human and animal health, projected to deteriorate with time and given current trends of antimicrobial usage. Antimicrobial use, particularly in healthcare and agriculture, can result in the release of antimicrobials into surface waters, promoting the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment, and potentially leading to human health risks. This study reviews relevant literature, and investigates current European and Irish antimicrobial usage trends in humans and animals, as well as potential pathways that antibiotics can take into surface waters following use. Reported levels in the aquatic environment are summarized, with particular focus on Ireland. There are relatively few studies examining Irish water bodies or sewage effluent for antibiotic residues, however, five antibiotics, namely azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and trimethoprim, have been measured in Irish waters, in concentrations predicted to select for resistance. Numerous isolates of multi-drug resistant bacteria have also been found in water bodies throughout Ireland and Europe. The value of risk assessment methodologies in understanding risks posed by antibiotic residues is reviewed including the advantages and disadvantages of specific approaches. Hazard quotient and bespoke Monte Carlo approaches are predominant risk assessment tools used to examine antimicrobial release and their complex pathways. This study highlights the need for monitoring of antimicrobial releases and the potential for resistance development, persistence and transmission while highlighting the role of risk assessment methodologies in assessing potential human and environmental health impacts.
Determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension on maternal and foetal outcomes in Hossana town administration, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study

Background Globally, 292,982 women die due to the complications of pregnancy and childbirth per year, out of those deaths 85% occurs in Sub Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, pre-eclampsia accounts for 11% of direct maternal deaths. Objective To determine maternal and foetal outcomes of pregnancy-induced hypertension among women who gave birth at health facilities in Hossana town administration. Methods Institutional based unmatched case-control study was conducted among women, who gave birth at health facilities from May 20 to October 30, 2018. By using Epi-Info version 7; 207 sample size was estimated, for each case two controls were selected. Two health facilities were selected using a simple random sampling method. Sample sizes for each facility were allocated proportionally. All cleaned & coded data were entered into Epi-info version 3.5. 1 and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of pregnancy-induced hypertension at a p-value of <0.05. Result Women between 18 to 41 years old had participated in the study with the mean age of 26.00(SD ±4.42), and 25.87(SD ±5.02) for cases and controls respectively. Out of participants 21(30.4%) among cases and 21(15.2%) among controls had developed at least one complication following delivery. 12 (17.4%) and 8 (5.7%) foetal deaths were found in cases and controls groups respectively whereas 15.6% from cases and 3.6% from controls groups women gave birth to the foetus with intra-uterine growth retardation. Women gravidity AOR = 0.32 [95% CI (0.12 0.86)], Previous history of pregnancy-induced hypertension AOR = 22.50 [95% CI (14.95 16.52)] and educational status AOR = 0.32[95% CI (0.12, 0.85)] were identified as predictor of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Conclusion Women with a previous history of pregnancy-induced hypertension had increased risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension, whilst ≥ 3 previous pregnancies and informal educational status decrease odds of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Two Factors in Face Recognition: Whether You Know the Person’s Face and Whether You Share the Person’s Race

One of the best-known phenomena in face recognition is the other-race effect, the observation that own-race faces are better remembered than other-race faces. However, previous studies have not put the magnitude of other-race effect in the context of other influences on face recognition. Here, we compared the effects of (a) a race manipulation (own-race/other-race face) and (b) a familiarity manipulation (familiar/unfamiliar face) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. We found that the familiarity effect was several times larger than the race effect in all performance measures. However, participants expected race to have a larger effect on others than it actually did. Face recognition accuracy depends much more on whether you know the person’s face than whether you share the same race.
Outcomes in patients with anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy undergoing left ventricular assist devices implantation

Improved cancer survivorship has led to a higher number of anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy patients with end‐stage heart failure. We hypothesize that outcomes following continuous‐flow LVAD (CF‐LVAD) implantation in those with anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy are comparable with other aetiologies of cardiomyopathy.
Pharmacological strategies used to manage symptoms of patients dying of COVID-19: A rapid systematic review

Background: COVID-19 has tragically resulted in over 2.5 million deaths globally. Despite this, there is a lack of research on how to care for patients dying of COVID-19, specifically pharmacological management of symptoms. Aim: The aim was to determine the dose ranges of pharmacological interventions commonly used to manage symptoms in adult patients dying of COVID-19, establish how effectiveness of these interventions was measured, and whether the pharmacological interventions were effective. Design: This was a rapid systematic review with narrative synthesis of evidence, prospectively registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020210892). Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL via the NICE Evidence Health Databases Advanced Search interface; medRxiv; the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register; and Google Scholar with no date limits. We included primary studies which documented care of patients dying of COVID-19 under the care of a specialist palliative care team. Results: Seven studies, documenting the care of 493 patients met the inclusion criteria. Approximately two thirds of patients required a continuous subcutaneous infusion with median doses of 15 mg morphine and 10 mg midazolam in the last 24 h of life. Four studies described effectiveness by retrospective review of documentation. One study detailed the effectiveness of individual medications. Conclusions: A higher proportion of patients required continuous subcutaneous infusion than is typically encountered in palliative care. Doses of medications required to manage symptoms were generally modest. There was no evidence of a standardised yet holistic approach to measure effectiveness of these medications and this needs to be urgently addressed.
Stress, drink, leave: An examination of gender-specific risk factors for mental health problems and attrition among licensed attorneys

Rates of mental illness and heavy alcohol use are exceedingly high in the legal profession, while attrition among women has also been a longstanding problem. Work overcommitment, work-family conflict, permissiveness toward alcohol in the workplace, and the likelihood of promotion are all implicated but have yet to be systematically investigated. Data were collected from 2,863 lawyers randomly sampled from the California Lawyers Association and D.C. Bar to address this knowledge gap. Findings indicated that the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and risky/hazardous drinking were significantly higher among women. Further, one-quarter of all women contemplated leaving the profession due to mental health concerns, compared to 17% of men. Logistic models were conducted to identify workplace factors predictive of stress, risky drinking, and contemplating leaving the profession. Overcommitment and permissiveness toward alcohol at work were associated with the highest likelihood of stress and risky drinking (relative to all other predictors) for both men and women. However, women and men differed with respect to predictors of leaving the profession due to stress or mental health. For women, work-family conflict was associated with the highest likelihood of leaving, while overcommitment was the number one predictor of leaving for men. Mental health and gender disparities are significant problems in the legal profession, clearly requiring considerable and sustained attention.
Ultrasound‐assisted catheter directed thrombolysis for pulmonary embolus during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. For patients who are hemodynamically unstable, veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) support has been shown to provide hemodynamic stability, and allow time for definitive treatment and recovery. Ultrasound‐assisted catheter directed thrombolysis (USAT) has the potential to be a safe adjunct and expedite right ventricular (RV) recovery for patients requiring VA‐ECMO for PE.
Giant anharmonicity controls terahertz vibrations and the boson peak anomaly in metallic glasses

The boson peak (BP) is a universal feature in the Raman and inelastic scattering spectra of both disordered and crystalline materials. The current paradigm presents the boson peak as the result of a Ioffe-Regel crossover between ballistic (phonon) and diffusive-type excitations, where the loss of coherence of phonons is described as a purely harmonic process due to structural disorder. This “harmonic disorder” paradigm for the BP has never been challenged or tested at the atomistic level. Here, through a set of atomistically-resolved characterizations of amorphous metallic alloys, we uncover a robust inverse proportionality between the intensity of boson peak and the activation energy of excitations in the potential energy landscape (PEL). Larger boson peak is linked with shallower basins and lower activation barriers and, consequently, with strongly anharmonic sectors of the PEL. Numerical evidence from atomistic simulations indicates that THz atomic vibrations contributing the most to the BP in atomic glasses are strongly anharmonic, as evidenced through very large values of the atomicand mode-resolved Grüneisen parameter found for the atomic vibrations that constitute the BP. These results provide a direct bridge between the vibrational spectrum and the topology of the PEL in solids, and point towards a new “giant anharmonicity” paradigm for both generic disordered materials and for the phonon-glass problem in emerging materials for energy applications. In this sense, disorder and anharmonicity emerge as the two sides of the same coin.
Coaching MSW Students on Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) Using Simulation-Based Learning (SBL): Developing Competencies in Clinical Social Work Practice

ABSTRACT In training clinical social workers, it is critical for students to practice implementing their skills and knowledge about treatment approaches while being closely coached by instructors. This paper illustrates how this type of learning was accomplished in an MSW course through simulation-based learning in a flipped classroom. Using Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), one of the core modalities of clinical social work practice, we illustrate how we created the course for students to practice core IPT skills – Intervention Inventory and Communication Analysis.
National Identity as a Means of Reducing Ethnic Negativism

ABSTRACT This article discusses how national identity in Russia is understood by the public and among experts who study ethnic issues. The author separates the notion of national identity into categorical identity and associative identity (i.e., the consolidating type of identity which is based on a strong feeling of connection with other citizens). The latter type of identity is present only among a third of people who identify themselves as Russian. The author further analyzes the connection of this type of identity with inter-ethnic negativism. She finds that national identity does not remove bias toward abstract “others. ” However, it affects direct inter-ethnic communication in the labor and family spheres. The positive impact of national identity on inter-ethnic attitudes is more apparent in the Astrakhan region, which has longer experience of inter-ethnic communication. It is argued that one obstacle to national identity having a positive impact on inter-ethnic attitudes is the lack of a clear and consistent understanding of national identity among education experts, social scientists, and journalists. The study utilizes data from Wave 24 of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology (“The dynamics of social transformation of modern Russia in the socioeconomic, political, sociocultural, and ethno-confessional contexts,” Wave 4) and several separate regional polls conducted by the Department of Ethno-sociology of the Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences between 2014 and 2016.