Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of visual complexity on initial user impressions: testing the persuasive model of web design

ABSTRACT Shortly after fixating on webpages, users form initial impressions. These initial impressions influence how much users will use and return to websites. Researchers have understudied how objective design features (e.g. visual complexity) influence subjective perceptions of website content and the favorability of initial user impressions. In the present study, the influence of two dimensions of visual complexity – feature complexity and design complexity – were tested within the boundaries of the persuasive model of web design. More specifically, the study examined how visual complexity influences perceptions of visual informativeness, cues for engagement, favourable initial impressions, and behavioural intentions in a sample of young adults (N = 277). Results suggest relationships for both dimensions of visual complexity on all outcome variables using ANOVA and OLS regression procedures and that perceptions of visual informativeness and cues for engagement mediate the relationship between visual complexity and favourable initial impressions and behavioural intentions. The study offers support for the utility of the persuasive model of web design for linking objective design features with subjective design perceptions to better understand favourable initial user impressions.
Discriminatory performance of mid-upper arm circumference for identifying thin and severely thin adolescents: a secondary data analysis using Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey

Background Timely identification of adolescents with undernutrition is of utmost importance, and recently, mid-upper circumference (MUAC) had been considered as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and BMI for age z-score (BAZ) for its screening. However, little is known about the MUAC cut-offs, specific to age and sex. The study was planned to assess the discriminatory performance of MUAC in identifying thin and severely thin adolescents and estimating age specific MUAC cut-offs, separately for males and females, against BAZ as the gold standard. Methods The Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), India data was used for this analysis. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC), area under curve (AUC), and Youden Index were used to estimate MUAC cut-off values for thin (BAZ < -2) and severely thin (BAZ < -3) adolescents. The current analysis was done on 31471 adolescents. Results The MUAC cut-offs for identifying thin adolescents were: for 10-14 years – 19.2/19.4 cm, for 15-19 years – 22.9/21.7 cm for males and females respectively; and for severe thinness were: for 10-14 years – 18.4/18.3 cm, for 15-19 years – 21.9/20.2 cm for males/females. For thinness, the cut-off varied between 17.4-24.5 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, it varied between 17.5-20.9 cm (for 10-19 years). For severe thinness, MUAC cut-off ranged between 16.4-23.7 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, between 17.3-20.7 cm (for 10-19 years). Conclusion MUAC, a easy to use measure demonstrated an equivalent diagnostic performance for the identification of thinness and severe thinness against BAZ. Thus, age- and sex-specific cut-offs could be considered for screening thin and severely thin adolescents.
Possibilities for ranking business schools and considerations concerning the stability of such rankings

In this article, we discuss possibilities for ranking business schools and analyse the stability of research rankings using different ranking methods. One focus is set on a comparison of publication-based rankings with citation-based rankings. Our considerations and discussions are based on a (small) case study for which we have examined all (six) business schools at public universities in Austria. The innovative aspect of our article is the chosen mix of methods and the explicit comparison of the results of a publication analysis with those of a citation analysis. In addition, we have developed a new indicator to check the stability of the obtained ranking results with regard to the individual business schools. The results show that the ranks of the individual business schools are quite stable. Nevertheless, we found some differences between publication-based and citation-based rankings. In both cases, however, the choice of the data source as well as switching from full to adjusted counting only have little impact on the ranking results. The main contribution of our approach to research in the field of university rankings is that it shows that focusing on a single (overall) indicator should be avoided, as this can easily lead to bias. Instead, different (partial) indicators should be calculated side by side to provide a more complete picture.
Provenance of middle to late Palaeozoic sediments in the northeastern Colombian Andes: implications for Pangea reconstruction

ABSTRACT Global-scale Palaeozoic plate tectonic reconstructions have suggested that Laurentia was obliquely approaching against the northwestern margin of Gondwana until the final agglutination of Pangea. In this contribution integrated petrographic analysis, heavy mineral analysis, and tourmaline geochemistry were done, and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology was obtained, in late Palaeozoic sedimentary and meta-sedimentary units from the Floresta and Santander Massifs in the Eastern Colombian Andes in order to constrain their provenance and related it with the magmatic, sedimentary, and deformational record of the Gondwana–Laurentia convergence until the late Carboniferous to Permian formation of Pangea. Late Devonian to early Carboniferous sandstones from the Floresta Massif changed from sublithoarenites to lithoarenites, tracking the progressive uplift and unroofing of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, with associated volcanic activity. The U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology from the sedimentary and metasedimentary of Floresta and Santander documents Mesoproterozoic and Palaeoproterozoic sources, and younger Ordovician to Silurian age populations, that can be related to the early to middle Palaeozoic plutonic rocks and the Amazon Craton. The limited Silurian to Early Devonian detrital ages that contrast with the more significant Middle to Late Devonian zircons that document the erosion of contemporaneous magmatic sources formed after a late Silurian to Early Devonian reduction on the magmatic activity along the proto-Andean margin. These rocks were apparently deformed and metamorphosed between the late Carboniferous and the early Permian. It is suggested that the filling and deformation record of these rocks documented the changes in plate convergence obliquity at the western margin of Gondwana associated with the migration of Laurentia until its final position in Pangea. Between the late Carboniferous and the early Permian, peri-Gondwanan continental terranes also collided with the continental margin. Over-imposed Mesozoic tectonics have contributed to the final redistribution of these terranes to their current position. Abbreviations:LA: laser ablation inductively couple mass spectrometer; CL: cathodoluminiscence
Bases-dependent Rapid Phylogenetic Clustering (Bd-RPC) enables precise and efficient phylogenetic estimation in viruses

Abstract Understanding phylogenetic relationships among species is essential for many biological studies, which call for an accurate phylogenetic tree to understand major evolutionary transitions. The phylogenetic analyses present a major challenge in estimation accuracy and computational efficiency, especially recently facing a wave of severe emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Here, we introduced a novel, efficient framework called Bases-dependent Rapid Phylogenetic Clustering (Bd-RPC) for new sample placement for viruses. In this study, a brand-new recoding method called Frequency Vector Recoding was implemented to approximate the phylogenetic distance, and the Phylogenetic Simulated Annealing Search algorithm was developed to match the recoded distance matrix with the phylogenetic tree. Meanwhile, the indel (insertion/deletion) was heuristically introduced to foreign sequence recognition for the first time. Here, we compared the Bd-RPC with the recent placement software (PAGAN2, EPA-ng, TreeBeST) and evaluated it in Alphacoronavirus, Alphaherpesvirinae, and Betacoronavirus by using Split and Robinson-Foulds distances. The comparisons showed that Bd-RPC maintained the highest precision with great efficiency, demonstrating good performance in new sample placement on all three virus genera. Finally, a user-friendly website (http://www.bd-rpc.xyz) is available for users to classify new samples instantly and facilitate exploration of the phylogenetic research in viruses, and the Bd-RPC is available on GitHub (http://github.com/Bin-Ma/bd-rpc).
Comparison of ROX, HROX, and delta-HR indices to predict successful weaning from high-flow oxygen therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Background High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is commonly used to treat acute respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, predictors of successful weaning from HFNC in these patients has not been investigated. Objective To assess predictors of successful separation from HFNC in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a university hospital in Thailand. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring HFNC therapy between April 2020 and June 2022 were included. ROX index was defined as the ratio of oxygen saturation (SpO2) / fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) to respiratory rate. Heart-ROX (HROX) index was defined as ROX multiplied by heart rate (HR) improvement. HR improvement (delta-HR) was defined as a percentage of the difference between the baseline HR and the morning HR at HFNC weaning day 1 divided by the baseline HR. Weaning success was defined as ability to sustain spontaneous breathing after separation from HFNC without any invasive or non-invasive ventilatory support for ≥48 hours or death. Results A total of 164 patients (54% male) were included. Mean age was 61.1±16.1 years. Baseline SpO2/FiO2 was 265.3±110.8. HFNC weaning success was 77.4%. The best cut-off value of ROX index to predict HFNC weaning success was 7.88 with 100% sensitivity, 97.3% specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.937–1.000, p<0.001). The best cut-off value of delta-HR 3.7 with 88.2% sensitivity, 75.7% specificity, and AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.748–0.919, p<0.001). The best cut-off value of HROX index was 59.2 with 88.2% sensitivity, 81.1% specificity, and AUC of 0.89, (95% CI: 0.835–0.953, p<0.001). Conclusions The ROX index has the highest accuracy for predicting successful weaning off HFNC treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. While HROX and delta-HR indices can serve as alternative tools, it is recommended to verify these indices and determine the optimal cut-off value for determining separation from HFNC therapy through a large prospective cohort study. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.in. th number: TCTR20221108004.
A new genus of alphasatellites associated with banana bunchy top virus in Southeast Asia

Abstract Autonomously replicating alphasatellites (family Alphasatellitidae) are frequently associated with plant single-stranded (ss)DNA viruses of the families Geminiviridae, Metaxyviridae, and Nanoviridae. Alphasatellites encode a single replication-initiator protein (Rep) similar to Rep proteins of helper viruses and depend on helper viruses for encapsidation, movement, and transmission. Costs versus benefits of alphasatellite-helper virus association are poorly understood. Our surveys in Southeast Asia (SEA) for wild and cultivated banana plants infected with banana bunchy top virus (BBTV, Nanoviridae) and Illumina sequencing reconstruction of their viromes revealed, in addition to a six-component BBTV genome, one to three distinct alphasatellites present in sixteen of twenty-four BBTV-infected plants. Comparative nucleotide and Rep protein sequence analyses classified these alphasatellites into four distinct species: two known species falling into the genus Muscarsatellite (subfamily Petromoalphasatellitinae) previously identified in SEA and two novel species falling into the tentative genus Banaphisatellite (subfamily Nanoalphasatellitinae) so far containing a single species recently identified in Africa. The banaphisatellites were found to be most related to members of the genus Fabenesatellite of subfamily Nanoalphasatellitinae and the genus Gosmusatellite of subfamily Geminialphasatellitinae, both infecting dicots. This suggests a dicot origin of banaphisatellites that got independently associated with distinct strains of monocot-infecting BBTV in Africa and SEA. Analysis of conserved sequence motifs in the common regions driving replication and gene expression of alphasatellites and BBTV strains revealed both differences and similarities, pointing at their ongoing co-evolution. An impact of alphasatellites on BBTV infection and evasion of RNA interference–based antiviral defences was evaluated by measuring relative abundance of BBTV genome components and alphasatellites and by profiling BBTV- and alphasatellite-derived small interfering RNAs. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the provenance of alphasatellites, their co-evolution with helper viruses, and potential mutual benefits of their association.
Snow interception by forest canopies: weighing a conifer tree, meteorological observation and analysis by the Penman-Monteith formula

The measurement of changing snow weight on a cut tree of Todo-fir (Abies sachalinensis Masters) together with meteorological factors in a forest stand in Sapporo, Japan, were analysed with the Penman-Monteith formula. The aerodynamic resistances (ra) were inversely calculated as the Penman-Monteith evaporation (Ep)r) equal to the observed evaporation (Eob) for events with a critical snow storage (S) that completely covered the canopy. The aerodynamic resistance (ra) was determined as a power function of wind speed. The critical storage (S) was assumed to be 2 mm per projected area of all branches of the tree. Observed evaporation (Eob) was proportional to E for each event. The ratio EobIE which expresses a reduction of evaporation due to a partly snow-covered canopy, was approximately equal to the ratio, CIS, when C was smaller than 5. Evaporation of snow from the canopy could be estimated as (C/S) • E.
Self-care practice and its barriers among diabetes patients in North East Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

Diabetes prevention and management through self-care practice is critical to reducing severe complications and death due to diabetes. Data on the prevalence of self-care practices will help us to design and implement prevention and management strategies to foster adherence and compliance with the interventions. This study was intended to assess self-care preparation and its barriers among diabetes patients in Northeast Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetes patients visiting Debre Berhan Town Public Health Institutions from March 10, 2021- April 10, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was utilized to select 392 samples. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measures. Reliability analysis was done using Cronbach’s alpha test, and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test also checked for model fitness. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was done to identify the factors associated with dietary practices. For all statistically significant tests, p- a value < 0.05 was used as a cut-off point. The mean age of the respondents was 47.1 years, with a standard deviation (SD) of ± 13.4 years. The mean adherence to self-care practice was 29.00 ± 10.37 SD. More than half, 218 (61.1%) of the study subjects had poor self-care practices. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, being a governmental worker (AOR = 7.06 (1.61–30.9) and having social support from partners (AOR = 5.83(3.01–11.3) showed a statistically significant association with good self-care practice. The current study showed that the overall level of self-care practice of study subjects was poor. Therefore, health facilities should provide adequate health education and promotion activities to enhance patients’ level of adherence. In addition, families, partners, or friends of diabetes patients should be informed about their essential roles in patients’ self-care practice.
Adaptation of forests and people to climate change - a global assessment report.

Climate is a critical factor affecting forest ecosystems and their capacity to produce goods and services. This chapter reviews published studies of climate-forest relationships with emphasis on indications and mechanisms of change during recent decades. Effects of climate change on forests depend on ecosystem-specific factors including human activities, natural processes, and several dimensions of climate (temperature, drought, wind, etc.). Indications of recent climate-related changes in ecosystem processes are stronger in boreal forests than in other domains. In contrast, constraints on adaptive capacity that increase vulnerability to climate change are generally more severe in subtropical and tropical forests than in temperate and boreal domains. Available information is not sufficient to support a quantitative assessment of the ecological, social and economic consequences of recent forest responses to human influences on climate. The complexity of natural and human systems is a formidable barrier to impact quantification and predictability. For example, effects of land use practices and invasive species can overshadow and interact with effects of climate change. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in defining mechanisms of climate-change impacts on forest ecosystems. Knowledge of impact mechanisms enables identification and mitigation of some of the conditions that increase vulnerability to climate change in the forest sector.
The role of interleukin‐22 in mammalian intestinal homeostasis: Friend and foe

Abstract Interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) is an important cytokine in the intestinal environment. IL‐22 is mainly produced by immune cells and targeted at nonimmune cells such as epithelial and stromal cells in a broad array of tissues such as ‐but not restricted to‐ the liver and adipose tissue. IL‐22 therefore connects immune functions with metabolic functions of the host, and since it is induced by the microbiota, connects host functioning to the outside environment. IL‐22 induces epithelial cell proliferation aiding in rapid epithelium regeneration and wound healing. Additionally, IL‐22 activates antiapoptotic genes and DNA damage response pathways, enhancing epithelial cell survival. Recently, it has also been shown that IL‐22 induces Paneth cell differentiation in humans. However, IL‐22 can also contribute to intestinal epithelium damage and reduces microbial diversity in the intestine directly or indirectly by inducing excessive antimicrobial peptide production by epithelial cells. Moreover, IL‐22 enhances angiogenesis and may therefore support tumorigenesis in the intestine. In conclusion, it appears that whether IL‐22 has a beneficial or harmful effect in the mammalian intestine largely depends on its regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature and emphasizes that IL‐22 signaling outcome depends on the timing and duration of IL‐22 production, the presence of it regulators such as IL‐22BP, and the specific location of the cytokine production in the gastrointestinal tract.
Molecular Imaging of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Noninvasive molecular imaging of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has great potential to detect GvHD at the early stages, aid in grading of the disease, monitor treatment response, and guide therapeutic decisions. Although the specificity of currently available tracers appears insufficient for clinical GvHD diagnosis, recently, several preclinical studies have identified promising new imaging agents targeting one or more biologic processes involved in GvHD pathogenesis, ranging from T-cell activation to tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the different approaches reported to date for noninvasive detection of GvHD using molecular imaging with a specific focus on the use of PET. We discuss possible applications of molecular imaging for the detection of GvHD in the clinical setting, as well as some of the predictable challenges that are faced during clinical translation of these approaches.
New multiproxy record of the Jenkyns Event (also known as the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event) from the Mecsek Mountains (Hungary): Differences, duration and drivers

The oceanic anoxic event in the Early Toarcian, often referred to as the ‘Torcian Oceanic Anoxic Event’, led to widespread deposition of organic‐rich black shales and geochemical anomalies in elemental distribution and multiple isotope systems in the Early Jurassic ocean. Best characterized by its hallmark carbon isotope anomaly, the event is widely regarded as a prime example of rapid greenhouse warming‐related changes in the Mesozoic Earth system. However, despite numerous studies, details of its forcing mechanisms, exact duration and the role of regional effects remain debated. This article presents new data (high‐resolution organic carbon isotope, calcareous nannofossil and elemental geochemical analyses) from the black shale‐bearing Lower Toarcian section in the Réka Valley, Hungary, with the aim of assessing any regional differences in the sedimentary and geochemical record and their bearing on the underlying oceanographic and climatic processes. Following a short segment with a positive trend at the base of the section, values of the carbon isotope data here are turning to a negative trend with a steep, stepwise drop in two negative shifts, reaching their minimum before a positive trend with oscillations characterizing the top part of the section examined. The shape of the curve and nannoplankton biostratigraphy (recognition of zones NJ5b, NJ6 and NJ7) allow reliable correlation of these data with the global carbon isotope perturbation recorded elsewhere in the Early Toarcian. It is proposed here that it would be fitting to rename the Torcian Oceanic Anoxic Event as the ‘Jenkyns Event’, to honour the seminal contributions of Hugh Jenkyns. The cyclostratigraphic analysis in this study suggests that the duration of the negative isotope excursion at Réka Valley is 200 kyr, 350 kyr or 1 Myr, depending on which astronomical forcing parameter controls the most prominent cyclicity. Spectroscopic analyses suggest that the source of the organic matter, marine algae according to previous studies, did not change considerably during the main negative carbon isotope excursion. The variability observed in major element concentrations and enrichments relative to the average shale in the Réka Valley black shales can be regarded as mixtures of terrigenous aluminosilicates and calcium carbonate as two endmembers. Consequently, the terrigenous compositional endmember of the studied black shales consists of a mixture of an illitic/smectitic and a kaolinitic clay, which supports previous suggestions of increased weathering under extremely humid climate in the hinterland during the Jenkyns Event.