Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Natural Compounds for Preventing SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Infection

SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), a novel coronavirus, caused the pneumonia outbreak in China and continue to expand. The host receptor for 2019-nCoV Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is the same as the host receptor for SARS-CoV. Targeting ACE2 holds the promise for preventing and inhibiting 2019-nCoV infection. Chinese Medicine herbs could be a valuable pool for identifying active compounds for treating infection of 2019-nCoV. In this study, we summarize several active compounds, including baicalin, Scutellarin, Hesperetin, Nicotianamine and glycyrrhizin that could have potential anti-2019-nCoV effects. We conduct molecular docking to predict their capacity for binding ACE2, which may prevent the 2019-nCoV infection. We propose that these selected compounds worth further investigation for preventing 2019-nCoV.
Investigating Knowledge, Attitude and Health Care Waste Management by Health Workers in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

INTRODUCTION : Inadequate knowledge and practice of health care waste management by health workers may have serious health consequences and a significant impact on the environment. OBJECTIVE : The purpose of the study was to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital waste management among health workers in Enugu. METHODS : A cross sectional descriptive survey was carried out among 115 health workers at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire, and was analysed using SPSS version 21. Statistical significance of association between variables was assessed using Chi-square test at p<0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of UNTH RESULTS : All 115 respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Sixty (52.2%) were females and fifty five (47.8%) were males. The mean age of respondents was 31.7 ±11.8 years. Ninety three (80.9%) had heard of hospital waste management, 95 (83%) were aware that hospital waste is classified into hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Ninety nine (86.1%) were aware of waste segregation, only 25(21.7%) dispose medical waste in specified color coded container always. Majority 90 (78.3%) use latex gloves when handling waste. CONCLUSION : Most of the respondents knew what health care waste management means (HCWM), but very few practiced appropriate health care waste management. Health education and training is recommended for the health care workers periodically and regularly.
Exploring and Changing Cognitive Representations, Coping and Quality Of Life Outcomes in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CU) is a pruritic skin disorder that affects 0.8% of the population. As its aetiology is not fully understood the aim is to control symptoms through medicines to improve quality of life (QoL). Demographic and clinical factors have been inconsistent and poorly predict QoL but one modifiable factor that has gained credence is ones illness representations. The Common-Sense Model (Leventhal, Meyer and Nerenz, 1980) postulates that these guide coping procedures that impact outcomes. The aim of the thesis was to examine whether CU representations (mediated by coping) predicted QoL and whether both representations and QoL in CU were amenable to change via intervention. Preliminary studies undertaken validated CSM measures in CU and confirmed key reference values for CU-related QoL and its measurement. CU was seen as uncontrollable, emotionally arousing, chronic, cyclical, caused by stress and immunity with serious consequences and has a moderate impact on QoL (n=78). The necessity to take CU medicines equalled concerns about side effects. Cognitive representations were the strongest predictors of QoL explaining 35.0-60.6% of the variance independent of coping. Qualitative analyses presented CU as unsightly, uncontrollable and difficult to comprehend and self-regulate. Fifteen participants undertook psych-education and action plans to change CU representations. Multivariate analyses found a strong within-group main effect on QoL outcomes (p<.001) and for aspects of outcome over time (all p<.001). Correlation based change analysis further inferred that targeting CU cognitions resulted in changing QoL outcomes over time. In summary the thesis supported that: poor QoL is prevalent in individuals experiencing CU. Not only do CU representations predict QoL outcomes, they are amenable to change via intervention as are QoL outcomes. Such findings have implications for CU-related QoL research and how health psychology-dermatology collaborations maybe instrumental to improving outcome through psycho-education interventions in routine care to facilitate better CU self-management.
A study of adaptation to life in the UK among Lebanese immigrants in London and Manchester

“Sociolinguistics” refers to the study of language and its relationship to society. The study of language and identity is considered highly pivotal due to mass immigration, acculturation and changes in the primary language (L1). Immigration is accompanied by acculturation, a process of changes in cultural aspects and execution that happens when individuals from various cultures come into contact (Gibson, 2001). The concept of this study emerged from gaps identified in existing literature and relevant studies, as well as from the enormous influence that the English language (L2) has on immigrants living in England, where the maintenance of heritage and culture different from one’s own eventually results in a double-edged reality for immigrants. Although immigration, acculturation and, especially, changes in the primary language used have been thoroughly researched, there could still be some identified gaps (Perez, 2008). Thus, the primary and foremost focus of the present study was to comprehend the effects that the English language has had on immigrants living in England, with Lebanese immigrants living in London and Manchester as the main target groups for analysis. This study aims to evaluate how living in Britain affects Lebanese Arabs in terms of their identity, language use and experiences of culture. It attempts to explore the ways in which they may have acculturated into British society and whether they still identify with their Lebanese roots. The length of time spent living in British society was expected to be a key variable; however, other variables such as age, religion and gender were also important. In order to triangulate the sources of the study’s data, a mixed-method approach for data collection was used. The study was conducted into phases: one quantitative, using statistical formulae; the other qualitative, using thematic analysis. Two methods—questionnaires and semi- structured interviews were utilised to obtain data and establish a better understanding of the impact of English language and British culture on Lebanese immigrants as well as to answer the four research questions. The findings show that Lebanese immigrants in the UK are adapted to life in London and Manchester. Even though many still have the feeling of being foreigners, they make every possible effort to acculturate into the British culture by learning and improving their English. As expected, age and length of residence were influential demographic variables in their adaptation to British culture. The results illustrate that the more immigrants are involved in the education or employment system, the more they adapt. On the other hand, the study finds that acculturation through the English language does not affect immigrants’ primary Arabic cultural identity.
The Influence of Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Work Satisfaction in Bolmut Regency

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership and organizational culture on job satisfaction. This study uses explanatory research or hypothesis testing research. The location of the study was carried out in the Regional Government of Bolmut Regency, North Sulawesi Province, the study population was the whole object of the research studied, namely all civil servants in Bolmut Regency, North Sulawesi Province, the number of samples in this study were 160 employees in determining the sample used proportional random sampling technique. Data collection methods are primary and secondary, primary data is data obtained directly from the distribution of questionnaires to respondents in the District Government of Bolmut as research samples and secondary data, namely supporting data in the form of documents and interviews obtained from the research location. The data is collected through the distribution of questionnaires that are rated and tabulated for later analysis and the answers obtained by respondents in accordance with the predetermined variable values will then be analyzed using the help of SPSS software. The results showed that the variables of leadership and organizational culture had a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction.
Streamwater nutrients stimulate respiration and breakdown of standardized detrital substrates across a landscape gradient: Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon quality

Elevated streamwater nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations can stimulate microbial activity on detrital C and accelerate its breakdown in stream ecosystems. Our study evaluated whether nutrient–detrital relationships are robust across a moderately altered land-use gradient and can be used to identify functional impairment of stream ecosystems. We tested the relative importance of N vs P as likely drivers of these responses, whether responses differed for labile or recalcitrant standardized substrates, and whether responses were detectable across streams with other stressors, which can potentially mask nutrient effects. Two studies were conducted in 23 sites in southeastern US streams. These streams differed in land use and exhibited low-to-moderate gradients in N and P. In study 1, we used 9 sites to compare the relationships between nutrient (N and P) concentrations and microbial respiration and breakdown of 2 standardized C substrates: recalcitrant oak wood veneer and labile cellulose sponge. Both of these substrates are low in nutrient content but differ structurally. In the best supported models, respiration and breakdown rates were positively related to streamwater P, but not N, after 4 wk of stream incubation. Microbial respiration increased 4.2 and 1.2× and breakdown increased 1.8 and 2.3× on cellulose and wood, respectively, across the P gradient. Temperature (+) and specific conductivity (−) were also in top models for wood respiration. Respiration and breakdown were highly correlated for both substrates, indicating the importance of microbial processing in driving breakdown rates. In study 2, we used 23 sites to test for association between landscape nutrient (N and P) gradients and wood veneer breakdown and whether detrital stoichiometry was a better predictor of breakdown than streamwater nutrient concentrations. Wood breakdown was related to P, but not N, and increased 4.1× in 12 wk across the P gradient. Wood nutrient content (increased %N and %P, reduced C∶N and C∶P) was also related to streamwater P and better predicted breakdown (C∶P r2 = 0.75, C∶N r2 = 0.87) than streamwater nutrient concentrations. Streamwater P concentrations appeared to stimulate breakdown to a degree that indicates impaired stream function. Our study showed that standardized detrital substrates responses to nutrients 1) were greater to streamwater P than N concentration gradients, 2) occurred on both labile and recalcitrant substrates, and 3) were detectable across landscape gradients with other stressors (e.g., temperature, specific conductivity). These responses likely reflect effects of excess nutrients on diverse C resources in these streams. Wood veneers integrated streamwater nutrient effects, were resistant to physical abrasion, and exhibited significant mass loss even when detritivores were excluded, indicating their value in stream functional assessments under a wide range of stream conditions.
Enhancement of the Multiplexing Capacity and Measurement Accuracy of FBG Sensor System Using IWDM Technique and Deep Learning Algorithm

In this article, we are the first to propose deep learning algorithms for intensity wavelength division multiplexing (IWDM)-based self-healing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network. A deep learning algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy of measuring the sensing signal of the sensor system. Furthermore, to increase the total number of FBG sensors multiplexed in the sensor network for multipoint measurements, a multiplexing technique called IWDM is proposed. The proposed IWDM-based ring structure FBG sensor network can also have a self-healing purpose to improve the sensor system's reliability and survivability. However, IWDM has unmeasurable gap or crosstalk problems when the number of FBG sensors increases, which causes high sensing signal measurement errors. To solve this problem, a gated recurrent unit (GRU) deep learning algorithm is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To prove the sensing signal measurement performance of our proposed algorithm, we test the well-trained GRU model using two cases. The first case is when the spectra of FBGs are overlapped as well as the minimum intensity difference between FBGs is 10%, and the second case is when the spectra of FBGs are overlapped as well as the minimum intensity difference between FBGs is 3% which is a very small intensity difference. From the experimental results, the well-trained GRU algorithm achieves high strain sensing signal measurement performance in both cases compared to other algorithms. Therefore, the proposed IWDM based FBG sensor system using deep learning algorithm enhances the multiplexing capacity and survivability of the sensor system, reduces the computational time, and improves strain sensing signal measurement accuracy of FBGs even when FBGs has very small intensity difference and overlap problem.
OPG Expression on Endothelial Cells and Modulation by IL-1B, PDGF, Insulin, and Glucose

Introduction: Osteoprotegerin (OPG), an osteoclastogenesis inhibitor implicated in bone remodelling, has emerged as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. However, OPG circulating sources or the stimuli that increase its release and effects have not been established. Objective: The aim of the present study are to establish whether endothelial cells may be a potential source of OPG, different mediators and OPG effects on endothelial cells. Aim: The aim of the present study were: 1) to establish whether endothelial cells may be a potential source of circulating OPG, 2) to study induced OPG expression and release stimulated by different factors and 3) to explore proatherogenic effects of OPG on endothelial cells. Results: OPG protein and mRNA expression was highly and significantly increased by IL-1β, insulin and glucose. OPG secretion to the supernatant was increased by IL-1β (4758 ± 727 vs. 88 ± 33 pg/mL, p=0.001) and PDGF (451 ± 151 vs. 88 ± 33 pg/mL, p=0.009). Glucose and insulin did not elevate OPG concentration in the supernatant. Endothelial cells stimulated with OPG significantly increased the release of IL-6 to the supernatant (247 ± 60 vs. 148 ± 30, p=0.008) and IL-8 was also increased by OPG (1444 ± 70 vs. 1538 ± 28, p=0.09). Conclusion: Endothelial cells are a source of OPG in circulation and IL-1β, glucose and insulin stimulate its expression.
Patient Complexity Factors and their Influence on Nurses' Perception of Staffing Adequacy

PATIENT COMPLEXITY FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON NURSES’ PERCEPTION OF STAFFING ADEQUACY By MARGARET MARY DUFFY Nurse leaders must consider the influence of nurse-specific and patient-specific factors on nursing workload and nurses’ perception of staffing adequacy when developing nurse staffing plans. All of the factors that influence individual nurses’ perception of staffing adequacy are not known. Using a synthesis of the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) and economic theory as a guiding model, the purpose of the current study was to determine if selected patient complexity factors that are not consistently captured in the measurement of patient acuity by an automated workforce management system influence nurses’ perception of staffing adequacy. The current study employed a complex predictive correlational research design, which included repeated measures of patient data and nurses’ perception of staffing adequacy at the shift-level. A selection of repeated measures data from 26 Registered Nurses (RNs) and 1,605 patients over 328 shifts was entered into the initial analysis. The number of shifts with complete data used for final analysis was N = 294. Disruptive behavior (r= -.274) and family demands (r=-.186), were negatively correlated with nurses’ perception of staffing adequacy and explained 10% of the variance in a regression model. There was a negative correlation between total shift factor score (r=-.418), derived from the presence of patient complexity factors, and nurses’ perception of staffing adequacy. No correlation was found between perception of staffing adequacy and nurse staffing variables. A theoretical proposition of RAM was tested to describe the interaction between the group subsystems and the RAM modes in relationship to the goals of an organizational system. Study findings supported the RAM proposition and contribute to the middle range theory of adaptation, production decision-making process, and nurses’ perception of staffing adequacy. The findings inform the science of nurse staffing, but indicate further opportunities for research since other factors might exist that contribute to the perception of staffing adequacy.
Micromotion Derived Fluid Shear Stress Mediates Peri‐Electrode Gliosis through Mechanosensitive Ion Channels

Clinical applications for neural implant technologies are steadily advancing. Yet, despite clinical successes, neuroelectrode-based therapies require invasive neurosurgery and can subject local soft-tissues to micro-motion induced mechanical shear, leading to the development of peri-implant scaring. This reactive glial tissue creates a physical barrier to electrical signal propagation, leading to loss of device function. Although peri-electrode gliosis is a well described contributor to neuroelectrode failure, the mechanistic basis behind the initiation and progression of glial scarring remains poorly understood. Here, we develop an in silico model of electrode-induced shear stress to evaluate the evolution of the peri-electrode fluid-filled void, encompassing a solid and viscoelastic liquid/solid interface. This model was subsequently used to inform an in vitro parallel-plate flow model of micromotion mediated peri-electrode fluid shear stress. Ventral mesencephalic E14 rat embryonic in vitro cultures exposed to physiologically relevant fluid shear exhibited upregulation of gliosis-associated proteins and the overexpression of two mechanosensitive ion channel receptors, PIEZO1 and TRPA1, confirmed in vivo in a neural probe induced rat glial scar model. Finally, it was shown in vitro that chemical inhibition/activation of PIEZO1 could exacerbate or attenuate astrocyte reactivity as induced by fluid shear stress and that this was mitochondrial dependant. Together, our results suggests that mechanosensitive ion channels play a major role in the development of the neuroelectrode micromotion induced glial scar and that the modulation of PIEZO1 and TRPA1 through chemical agonist/antagonist may promote chronic electrode stability in vivo. Graphical abstract Highlights Peri-electrode void progression is mediated by fluid flow shear stress Oscillatory fluid flow shear stress replicates neuroelectrode glial scarring in vitro Astrocyte PIEZO1 and TRPA1 are upregulated at the peri-electrode region in response to electrode micromotion PIEZO1 pharmaceutical activation diminishes shear stress-induced gliosis PIEZO1 chemical inhibition exacerbates gliosis and reduces mitochondrial functions
Effect of Droplet Size Parameters on Droplet Deposition and Drift of Aerial Spraying by Using Plant Protection UAV

In the field of pesticide spraying, droplet size is one of the most important factors affecting droplet deposition and drift. In order to study the effect of different droplet size parameters on droplet deposition distribution and drift of aerial spraying by using plant protection UAV, an aerial spraying test with the same spraying rate and different size droplets in rice canopy was carried out by using multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and four TEEJET nozzles with different orifice sizes (these droplets with a volume median diameter (VMD) of 95.21, 121.43, 147.28, and 185.09 μm, respectively), and the deposition distribution and penetration of droplets in the target area and the drift distribution of droplets in the non-target area were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the deposition distribution and penetration of droplets in the target area and the drift distribution of droplets in the non-target area were influenced by the droplet size. The droplet deposition rate in the upper and lower rice canopies were increased in the target area with the increase of droplet size. The penetration results of droplets also increased with the increase of droplet size, and that of droplets with a VMD of 185.09 μm was the best, reaching 38.13%. The average values of the cumulative drift rate of droplets in the rice canopy in the four tests were 73.87%, 50.26%, 35.91%, and 23.06%, respectively, and the cumulative drift rate and the drift distance of droplets decreased with the increase of droplet size, which indicated that the increase of droplet size can effectively reduce droplet drift. It demonstrated that the droplet size is one of the most important factors affecting droplet deposition and drift for pesticide spraying by plant protection UAV, and for the application of plant protection UAV with extra-low volume spraying, the use of droplets with VMD less than 160 μm should be avoided and a more than 10 m buffer zone should be considered downwind of the spraying field to avoid drug damage caused by pesticide drift. The results have fully revealed the effect of droplet size parameters on droplet deposition and drift of aerial spraying. Moreover, the influence of the wind field below the rotors on the distribution of droplet deposition was surmised and analyzed from the perspective of plant protection UAV. It is important for optimizing the droplet parameters of aerial spraying, increasing the spraying efficiency, and realizing precision agricultural aviation spray.
Is There a Nexus Between Terrorist Involvement and Mental Health in the Age of the Islamic State

The wave of Islamic State-linked terrorism experienced in the West over the past couple of years has rekindled debates surrounding mental disorders and terrorist engagement. A very preliminary survey by the authors found that out of 55 attacks in the West where the 76 individuals involved were possibly influenced by the Islamic State, according to media reports, 27.6% had a history of apparent psychological instability, a percentage comparable to that found in the general population. This figure is driven largely by individuals inspired by the Islamic State, as opposed to those directed by it, however. The percentage is likely overinflated for several noteworthy reasons, including poor reporting, low benchmarks, and the tendency to overuse mental health problems as a ‘silver-bullet’ explanation for terrorist involvement. The relationship is, in fact, far more complex than typically presented.