Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Understanding of Selecting Traits for Heat Tolerance during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth Stages in Tomato

Climate change is an important emerging issue worldwide; the surface temperature of the earth is anticipated to increase by 0.3 °C in every decade. This elevated temperature causes an adverse impact of heat stress (HS) on vegetable crops; this has been considered as a crucial limiting factor for global food security as well as crop production. In tomato plants, HS also causes changes in physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular responses during all vegetative and reproductive growth stages, resulting in poor fruit quality and low yield. Thus, to select genotypes and develop tomato cultivars with heat tolerance, feasible and reliable screening strategies are required that can be adopted in breeding programs in both open-field and greenhouse conditions. In this review, we discuss previous and recent studies describing attempts to screen heat-tolerant tomato genotypes under HS that have adopted different HS regimes and threshold temperatures, and the association of heat tolerance with physiological and biochemical traits during vegetative and reproductive growth stages. In addition, we examined the wide variety of parameters to evaluate the tomato’s tolerance to HS, including vegetative growth, such as leaf growth parameters, plant height and stem, as well as reproductive growth in terms of flower number, fruit set and yield, and pollen and ovule development, thereby proposing strategies for the development of heat-tolerant tomato cultivars in response to high temperature.
Prioritizing the Maintenance of University Hostels to Improve Students’ Satisfaction

The maintenance of university hostels is found to be unsatisfactory due to budget constraint in general. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to find out a solution to improve the building maintenance and student satisfaction within the budget allocation. The development of maintenance prioritization framework through the association between conditions of building components and student satisfaction is done to achieve the purpose of this research. Seven main building components were listed after a thorough literature review. Then, a total of 415 valid questionnaire responses were analysed to measure the conditions of building components and to establish the relationship between the conditions of building components and student satisfaction. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were carried out to validate and further interpret the survey findings. The research findings confirmed that utilities and floor as the significant building components to be prioritized in maintenance. It is worthwhile to be served as a guide to other university hostels. Furthermore, it opens a research opportunity to cover other institution hostels. This research is informative to the university hostel managements in efforts to improve the maintenance efficiency within limited budget. The paper proposes a solution to tackle the maintenance issues in university hostels.
Multiscale Shared Learning for Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery in Transportation Infrastructures

Rotating machinery is ubiquitous, and its failures constitute a major cause of the failures of transportation infrastructures. Most fault-diagnosis methods for rotating machinery are based on vibration-signal analysis because vibrations directly reflect the transient regime of machinery elements. This article proposes a novel multiscale shared-learning network (MSSLN) architecture to extract and classify the fault features inherent to multiscale factors of vibration signals. The architecture fuses layer-wise activations with multiscale flows, to enable the network to fully learn the shared representation with consistency across multiscale factors. This characteristic helps MSSLN provide more faithful diagnoses than existing single- and multiscale methods. Experiments on bearing and gearbox datasets are used to evaluate the fault-diagnosis performance of transportation infrastructures. Extensive experimental results and comprehensive analyses demonstrate the superiority of the proposed MSSLN in fault diagnosis for bearings and gearboxes, the two foundational elements in transportation infrastructures.
Impact of Power on Uneven Development: Evaluating Built-Up Area Changes in Chengdu Based on NPP-VIIRS Images (2015–2019)

In the context of uneven development studies of China, urban built-up area changes are the index of the impact of power, as the local government is the only party that is able to acquire agricultural land and convert it to construction urban land. Existing studies generally use statistical data to describe the built-up area changes and struggle to meet the requirement of an updated and inexpensive monitoring of uneven development, especially for western cities with tight budgets. Open access NPP-VIIRS (Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and nighttime LST (Land Surface Temperature) data ranging from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed with a stratified SVM (Support Vector Machine) method in this study to track urban built-up area changes in Chengdu, one of the biggest cities in Western China. The SDE (Standard Deviation Ellipse) and Moran’s I were then applied to evaluate the spatial variations of the built-up area changes. It was revealed that the spatial evolution of built-up area change in Chengdu over the period 2015–2019 demonstrated a “northwest-southeast” spatial expansion pattern, and the change distance in the center of gravity in 2018 and 2019 was greater than that from 2015 to 2017, which reflected the faster uneven development in 2018 and 2019 in Chengdu. The results were verified with finer resolution Landsat-8 OLI images; the high OA (all larger than 92%) and KAPPA (all larger than 0.6) values showed the accuracy of the method. The methodology proposed in this study offers a practical way for cities with tight budgets to monitor uneven development, and this study suggests a further adaption using higher-resolution remote sensing images and field experiments.
Evaluation of an Open-source Chemical Process Simulator Using a Plant-wide Oil and Gas Separation Plant Flowsheet Model as Basis

In this paper, a detailed evaluation of the open source process simulator DWSIM is presented. Using a previously published simulation model of an oil and gas separation plant, the results obtained with DWSIM are compared to a commercial process simulator widely used in the industry. The modelled flow scheme comprises a vast number of unit operations including separators (flash vessels), valves, splitters, mixers, compressors, heat exchangers, pumps and recycles (tear streams). The results obtained with DWSIM both for characterization of the inlet fluid as well as for a single operating state for the entire process, compare very well with the data obtained using a commercial tool. A rigorous comparison is made and generally, compared results are within 1% in deviation with a few exceptions. Further, an elaborate comparison is made for over 90 simulations with different settings where 10 independent variables are randomly varied over a wide range. Again, good agreement is found between the two tools. The results are very encouraging and provide fidelity in the use of the investigated open source process simulation tools in a professional environment.
Inhibitory Effect of Tamarix ramosissima Extract on the Formation of Heterocyclic Amines in Roast Lamb Patties by Retarding the Consumption of Precursors and Preventing Free Radicals

Tamarix ramosissima has been widely used as barbecue skewers for the good taste and unique flavor it gives to the meat, but the effects of T. ramosissima on heterocyclic amine (HA) formation in roast lamb are unknown. The influence of T. ramosissima extract (TRE) on HA formation, precursors’ consumption, and free radicals’ generation in roast lamb patties were elucidated by UPLC-MS, HPLC, and electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis, respectively. Six HAs were identified and compared with the control group; the total and polar HAs decreased by 30.51% and 56.92% with TRE addition at 0.30 g/kg. The highest inhibitory effect was found against 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-f]pyridine (PhIP) formation (70.83%) at 0.45 g/kg. The addition of TRE retarded the consumption of HA precursors, resulting in fewer HAs formed. The typical signal intensity of free radicals in roast lamb patties significantly decreased with TRE addition versus the control group (p < 0.05), and the higher the levels of the TRE, the greater the decrease in signal intensity. We propose that the inhibitory effects of TRE on HA formation, especially on polar HAs, were probably achieved by retarding the consumption of precursors and preventing free radicals from being generated in roast lamb patties. These findings provide valuable information concerning TRE’s effectiveness in preventing HA formation through both the precursor consumption and free radical scavenging mechanisms.
Adventitious regeneration of blackberry and raspberry shoots and the assessment of the LED-lighting impact

Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) are well known throughout the world due to their nutritional and medicinal importance. Obtaining regenerants is an important stage for the application of cell technologies in plant growing, plant breeding, and genetic engineering. The objective of this study was to determine the best regeneration pathways for understudied blackberry and raspberry cultivars. Adventitious shoot regeneration of thornless blackberry cultivars ‘Smoothstem’, ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Karaka Black’, and raspberry cultivars ‘Glen Ample’, ‘Gusar’ and ‘Maria’ has been studied depending on the cultivar, type explant, hormonal composition of nutritional medium, and LED lighting. To induce adventitious shoot bud formation, three types of explants: leaves, internodes, and roots obtained from in vitro plants, were cultured in a growth chamber on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. In most cases, regeneration became visible after three weeks of cultivation. Blackberry cultivar ‘Smoothstem’ showed the best results and regenerated at a maximum rate of 73.3% on leaf blades and stem segments on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 TDZ. The best shoot proliferation rates of raspberries (65.5%) were observed in the ‘Glen Ample’ on root segments at MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 ZEA. The blackberry and raspberry explants were exposed under LED lighting with a ratio of quanta red (R) to blue (B) light at 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:4 and 4:1, monochrome red (650–670 nm) and monochrome blue (440–460 nm), and recorded regeneration. Efficient regeneration percentage (>80%) was obtained by the incubation of raspberry and blackberry explants under illumination with a ratio of red to blue spectrum: R2:B1 and R1:B1. Monochrome blue and red light inhibited shoot growth. The obtained results indicate that certain combinations of spectra LED lighting enhances plant morphogenesis. The regeneration system described here will be useful for developing a gene transfer system and can be efficient for selected raspberries and blackberries cultivars.
Polymer-Stabilized Elemental Boron Nanoparticles for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Initial Irradiation Experiments

Sufficient boron-10 isotope (10B) accumulation by tumor cells is one of the main requirements for successful boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The inability of the clinically registered 10B-containing borophenylalanine (BPA) to maintain a high boron tumor concentration during neutron irradiation after a single injection has been partially solved by its continuous infusion; however, its lack of persistence has driven the development of new compounds that overcome the imperfections of BPA. We propose using elemental boron nanoparticles (eBNPs) synthesized by cascade ultrasonic dispersion and destruction of elemental boron microparticles and stabilized with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as a core component of a novel boron drug for BNCT. These HEC particles are stable in aqueous media and show no apparent influence on U251, U87, and T98G human glioma cell proliferation without neutron beam irradiation. In BNCT experiments, cells incubated with eBNPs or BPA at an equivalent concentration of 40 µg 10B/mL for 24 h or control cells without boron were irradiated at an accelerator-based neutron source with a total fluence of thermal and epithermal neutrons of 2.685, 5.370, or 8.055 × 1012/cm2. The eBNPs significantly reduced colony-forming capacity in all studied cells during BNCT compared to BPA, verified by cell-survival curves fit to the linear-quadratic model and calculated radiobiological parameters, though the effect of both compounds differed depending on the cell line. The results of our study warrant further tumor targeting-oriented modifications of synthesized nanoparticles and subsequent in vivo BNCT experiments.
Composite Adaptive Attitude Control of Asteroid-Orbiting Spacecraft With Regressor Integral Excitation

This article (correspondence) develops a composite adaptive control system for the attitude trajectory tracking of a spacecraft in elliptic orbit around a uniformly rotating asteroid. It is assumed that the spacecraft’s moment of inertia and the asteroid’s gravitational parameters are unknown. The adaptation law designed here includes a positive semidefinite regressor-dependent matrix integral. For its synthesis, the tracking error as well as two model prediction errors are used. This enhances parameter excitation and causes faster decay of the parameter error. By the Lyapunov analysis, local convergence of the tracking error is established. In addition, it is shown that the trajectories of the system converge to two manifolds. Simulation results for a spacecraft on prograde elliptic orbit around asteroid 433 Eros are presented. These results show nadir-pointing attitude regulation. Interestingly, six out of nine unknown parameters are estimated accurately for certain proportional perturbations in the model parameters.
Nonlinear Multicontrast Microscopy for Structural and Dynamic Investigations of Myocytes

Nonlinear multicontrast microscopy is established in this study as an important tool for understanding biological structure and function of muscle cells. Second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation and multi-photon excitation fluorescence are acquired simultaneously in order to establish the origin of nonlinear signal generation in myocytes, and investigate myocyte structure and functionality during muscle contraction. Using structural cross-correlation image analysis, an algorithm developed specifically for this research, for the first time, third harmonic generation is shown to originate from the mitochondria in myocytes. The second harmonic, which is generated from the anisotropic bands of the sarcomeres, is further shown to be dependent on the crystalline order of the sarcomeres, thereby providing a potential diagnostic tool to evaluate disorder in muscle cells. The combination of the second and third harmonic provides complementary information that can be used to further elucidate the basic principles of muscle
Development of a Smartphone-Integrated Reflective Scatterometer for Bacterial Identification

We present a smartphone-based bacterial colony phenotyping instrument using a reflective elastic light scattering (ELS) pattern and the resolving power of the new instrument. The reflectance-type device can acquire ELS patterns of colonies on highly opaque media as well as optically dense colonies. The novel instrument was built using a smartphone interface and a 532 nm diode laser, and these essential optical components made it a cost-effective and portable device. When a coherent and collimated light source illuminated a bacterial colony, a reflective ELS pattern was created on the screen and captured by the smartphone camera. The collected patterns whose shapes were determined by the colony morphology were then processed and analyzed to extract distinctive features for bacterial identification. For validation purposes, the reflective ELS patterns of five bacteria grown on opaque growth media were measured with the proposed instrument and utilized for the classification. Cross-validation was performed to evaluate the classification, and the result showed an accuracy above 94% for differentiating colonies of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, L. innocua, S. enteritidis, and S. aureus.
Demystifying In-Vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems: A Survey of Surveys and a Meta-Taxonomy

Breaches in the cyberspace due to cyber-physical attacks can harm the physical space, and any type of vehicle is an alluring target for wrongdoers for an assortment of reasons. Especially, as the automobiles are becoming increasingly interconnected within the Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) realm and their level of automation elevates, the risk for cyberattacks augments along with the attack surface, thus inexorably rendering the risk of complacency and inaction sizable. Next to other defensive measures, intrusion detection systems (IDS) already comprise an inextricable component of modern automobiles in charge of detecting intrusions in the system while in operation. This work concentrates on in-vehicle IDS with the goal to deliver a fourfold comprehensive survey of surveys on this topic. First, we collect and analyze all existing in-vehicle IDS classifications and fuse them into a simpler, overarching one that can be used as a base for classifying any work in this area. Second, we gather and elaborate on the so-far available datasets which can be possibly used to train and evaluate an in-vehicle IDS. Third, we survey non-commercial simulators which may be utilized for creating a dataset or evaluating an IDS. The last contribution pertains to a thorough exposition of the future trends and challenges in this area. To our knowledge, this work provides the first wholemeal survey on in-vehicle IDS, and it is therefore anticipated to serve as a groundwork and point of reference for multiple stakeholders at varying levels.
Readiness Management in Handling COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Detection in The Referral Hospital in East Nusa Tenggara Province

Covid-19 pandemic that is occurring now has rapidly and widely spread throughout the world. Various efforts are made to handle or suppress the number of cases, including readiness management in the emergency department until 7th May 2020. This study aimed to investigate readiness management in handling the Covid-19 pandemic in a referral hospital in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research represented a mix-method study. The samples were 20 emergency nurses at a Covid-19 referral hospital in Kupang. Data were collected using an interview that was distributed to respondents through Google forms. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions about hospital readiness and 8 questions about early detection of Covid-19. Results showed that 90% of emergency nurses had performed early detection of Covid-19. The hospital readiness management in handling the Covid-19 pandemic was adequately good. Some obstacles were found during its implementation, such as the lack of personal protective equipment and health support tools, as well as patients’ dishonesty of traveling and contact history with COVID-19 patients.
Effect of sintering temperature on phase formation and dielectric property of modified PLZT ceramics with addition of BT and PZN

ABSTRACT The modified-lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics with the addition of barium titanate (BT) and lead zinc niobate (PZN) were prepared. PLZT 9/65/35–BT ceramics changed from ferroelectric rhombohedral phase to paraelectric cubic phase as the content of BT was increased. The optimized dielectric constant at room temperature and frequency of 1 kHz could be obtained when 5 mol% BT was added and the ceramic was sintered at 1275 °C (ϵr = 10463, tanδ = 0.0125). PLZT 8/40/60–PZN ceramics had a perovskite structure with a decrease of unit cell volume as the content of PZN was increased. The optimized dielectric constant at room temperature and frequency of 1 kHz could be obtained when 20 mol% PZN was added and the ceramic was sintered at 1250 °C (ϵr = 14290, tanδ = 0.0081).
Evaluation of water deficit tolerance in maize genotypes using biochemical, physio-morphological changes and yield traits as multivariate cluster analysis

Drought is an abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and development and, therefore, declines crop productivity, as seen in maize plant. The aim of this investigation was to identify the candidate maize varieties that can be grown under water limited conditions using physio-morphological and yield attributes. Eight genotypes of maize including ‘Suwan4452’ (drought tolerant) as a positive check, ‘CP301’, ‘CP-DK888’, ‘DK7979’, ‘DK9901’, ‘Pac339’, ‘S7328’, and ‘Suwan5’ were selected as test plants. Physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics at seedling (24 day after sowing; DAS) and reproductive (80 DAS) developmental stages of plants under 20-day water withholding (WD), and yield traits at harvesting period were analysed. Leaf temperature in each genotype increased with the degree of water deficit stress, leading to leaf chlorosis, and reduction in maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), overall growth and yield. Pn and stomatal conductance (gs) in drought tolerant genotype, ‘Suwan4452’, were decreased by 19.1% and 18.6%, respectively, whereas these in drought sensitive, ‘Pac339’, were significantly declined by 53.9% and 61.8%, respectively. Physio-morphological parameters, growth performance and yield-related traits of maize genotypes grown under water deficit conditions and well-watered conditions were subjected to Ward’s cluster method for identification of water deficit tolerant cultivars. Maintaining photosynthetic abilities, osmotic adjustment and CWSI in drought tolerant genotypes of maize were evidently demonstrated to keep overall growth performance and yield attributes. Based on multivariate cluster analysis and PCA (principal component analysis), ‘Suwan4452’, ‘CP-DK888’ and ‘S7328’ were categorized as drought tolerant genotypes whereas ‘Suwan5’, ‘Pac339’, ‘DK7979’, ‘CP301’ and ‘DK9901’ were identified as drought susceptible cultivars. Hybrid maize cvs. ‘CP-DK888’ and ‘S7328’ may further be suggested to be grown in the rainfed area without irrigation.