Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using UAV and VBS-RTK for Rapid Reconstruction of Environmental 3D Elevation Data of the Typhoon Morakot Disaster Area and Disaster Scale Assessment

In recent years, typhoons and heavy rains in Taiwan are often accompanied by sediment disasters such as landslides and debris flows. If disaster area information can be obtained in the shortest possible period of time for rapid assessment of sediment transport and disaster scale, it can provide quantitative reference information for follow-up disaster relief and decision-making. Focusing on the Leye collapse in the Typhoon Morakot disaster area and its surroundings as the research area, this study employed UAV, which defies ground photography angle limits and performs low-altitude photography of the disaster-hit area. Next, by using unconventional photogrammetry technology, a field of computer vision technology, combined with VBS-RTK technology, which has become mature in recent years, this study aims to accomplish real time positioning of the reference control points and rapidly reconstruct the environmental 3D elevation data of the disaster area. The proposed approach can enable a rapid quantitative assessment of major sources of sediment, potential unstable areas, and the scale of the sediment disaster. Topographic data obtained using the proposed method can be applied to rapidly calculate landslide depth, and landslide volume after comparison with pre-disaster DTM data.
Macronutrient Intake in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association with Glycemic Outcomes

Aims. This study aimed to identify the quantity and range of protein, fat, and carbohydrate consumed in meals and snacks in children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to explore associations between the variability in fat and protein intakes with the glycemic outcomes. Methods. This was a cross-sectional dietary study of children 6–18 years attending pediatric diabetes service in Australia. Three-day weighed food records were analyzed for the macronutrient intake. Impacts of dietary intake on glycemic outcomes were explored. Results. Forty-eight children (63% male) aged 11.7 ± 2.9 (mean ± SD) with HbA1c 6.7 ± 1.1% (mmol/mol), BMI Z-score 0.51 ± 0.83, and daily insulin dose 0.99 units/kg completed 3-day weighed food records. Mean intakes at breakfast were 47-g carbohydrate, 15-g protein, and 12-g fat. Lunch: 49-g carbohydrate, 19-g protein, and 19-g fat. Dinner: 57-g carbohydrate, 33-g protein, and 26-g fat. Fifty-five percent (n = 80) of the dinner meals met criteria for a high-fat, high-protein (HFHP) meal. In a subset (n = 16) of participants, exploratory analysis indicated a trend of reduced %TIR (58%) in the 8 hr following HFHP dinner, compared to %TIR (74%) following non-HFHP dinner ( p = 0.05 ). Seventy-eight percent of the participants aged 12–18 years intake at dinner varied by more than 20-g fat or more than 25-g protein. There was no association between the variability in fat and protein intake at dinner with HbA1c. Saturated fat contributed to 14.7% (±3.0) of participants energy intake. Conclusions. Children with T1D frequently consume quantities of fat and protein at dinner that have been shown to cause delayed postprandial hyperglycemia. HFHP dinners were associated with the reduced %TIR over 8 hr, presenting an opportunity for insulin-dose adjustments. Future research that explores the meal dietary variability with postprandial glycemia in this population is needed. Excessive intake of the saturated fat highlights the need for dietary interventions to reduce CVD risk. This trial is registered with ACTRN12622000002785.
East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variations in China over the last 9500 years: A comparison of pollen-based reconstructions and model simulations

To better understand the long-term changes of the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation (Pjja), quantitative reconstructions and model simulations are needed. Here, we develop continental-scale pollen-based transfer functions for Pjja with weighted averaging–partial least squares (WA-PLS) regression and a Bayesian multinomial regression method. We apply these transfer functions to a set of fossil pollen data from monsoonal China for quantitatively reconstructing the Pjja changes over the last 9500 years. We compare the reconstructions with Pjja simulations from a coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice general circulation model (the Kiel Climate Model, KCM). The results of cross-validation tests for the transfer functions show that both the WA-PLS model (r2 = 0.83, root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 112.11 mm) and the Bayesian model (r2 = 0.86, RMSEP = 107.67 mm) exhibit good predictive performance. We stack all Pjja reconstructions from northern China to a summary curve. The stacked record reveals that Pjja increased since 9500 cal. yr BP, attained its highest level during the Holocene summer monsoon maximum (HSMM) at ~7000–4000 cal. yr BP and declined to present. The KCM output and the reconstructions differ in the early-Holocene (~9500–7000 cal. yr BP) where the model suggests higher Pjja than the reconstructions. Moreover, during the HSMM, the amplitude of the Pjja changes (~20–60 mm above present) in simulations is lower than the reconstructed changes (~70–110 mm above present). The rising (declining) Pjja patterns in reconstructions before (after) the HSMM are more pronounced and fluctuating than in simulations. Other palaeohydrological data such as lake-level reconstructions indicate substantial monsoon precipitation changes throughout the Holocene. Our results therefore show that the KCM underestimates the overall amplitude of the Holocene monsoon precipitation changes.
Are tourism and energy consumption linked? Evidence from tourism dependent countries

The tourism industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors across the globe. Tourism is not only playing a key role in the development of many small economies but is also considered a major source of income. Tourism-dependent economies are heavily reliant on the tourism sector. This study explored the relationships among energy consumption (EC), economic growth (EG), and tourism (TR) using panel data spanning 2000-2019, for tourism-dependent countries. Panel data methods like feasible generalized least-squares (FGLS) and panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed for empirical analysis. Results reveal that the impact of EC on TR is mixed and sensitive to econometric techniques. While the impact of EG on TR is positive and robust to econometric techniques. We also used other control variables like total population and financial development. The impact of financial development and total population on TR is positive on tourism because they both boosted the tourism industry. Building on these findings, policy recommendations emphasize sustainable energy practices within the tourism industry. This study’s insights guide policymakers toward effective strategies that balance economic growth, energy efficiency and sustainable tourism development, ensuring the resilience of the tourism industry within evolving energy landscapes and economic dynamics.
Effects of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance in Business Organizations: A Systematic Literature Review

In the face of increasingly fierce and complex organizational competition, this allows organizations to change the management pattern strategy that is played especially in increasing optimal performance through the role of human resource management because it is human resources who have a mindset through ideas, opinions, as well as views that are not shared by other resources. Employees are human resources who hold the most important position in implementing an organisation's vision, mission and goals. Employee performance is one of the markers that need to be considered by the organization. When employees feel unmotivated at work, this will have an impact on inhibiting organizational operational activities. Therefore, one strong indicator of influencing the environment is the presence of a leader. There are many styles preferred by employees, one of which is the transformational leadership style, especially in the current digitalization era. This writing aims to understand and explore the influence of transformational leadership style on employee performance. The method used is a Systematic Literature review using secondary data, where the author collects data related to the theme, and information is taken from various Scopus-indexed journals. The results of the study suggest that the transformational leadership style can affect the performance of employees in the organization. Because employees are actively involved, they feel increased motivation, increased trust, willingness to follow philosophy, ideology, vision, and increased consequences of interesting change. They have high commitment and can see one's abilities. Employees who are inspired by transformational leadership are also more likely to immerse themselves in work, resulting in better task performance and helping behaviours that ultimately help build organizational progress
High-Resolution Climate Simulations Using GFDL HiRAM with a Stretched Global Grid

AbstractAn analytic Schmidt transformation is used to create locally refined global model grids capable of efficient climate simulation with gridcell widths as small as 10 km in the GFDL High-Resolution Atmosphere Model (HiRAM). This method of grid stretching produces a grid that varies very gradually into the region of enhanced resolution without changing the topology of the model grid and does not require radical changes to the solver. AMIP integrations were carried out with two grids stretched to 10-km minimum gridcell width: one centered over East Asia and the western Pacific warm pool, and the other over the continental United States. Robust improvements to orographic precipitation, the diurnal cycle of warm-season continental precipitation, and tropical cyclone maximum intensity were found in the region of enhanced resolution, compared to 25-km uniform-resolution HiRAM. The variations in grid size were not found to create apparent grid artifacts, and in some measures the global-mean climate improved.
An Attitude of Students towards Entrepreneurial Career: A Case of Nepalese Management Graduates

Entrepreneurial essence has emerged as one of the key developments in recent economic history around the globe. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to outline the possible factors responsibly contributing on building management students’ perception towards choice of career, in Nepal. A descriptive-cum-exploratory research design along with structured questionnaire has been administered for data collection and analysis for this research. The result of the study reveals that the curriculum of entrepreneurship at the graduate level management education has earned a wide acceptance and a high recognition in Nepal. But the realization of self employment is still a far cry because the inclination towards entrepreneurship is still weak. Thus, to improve the situation, congenial climate should be provided and encouraging measures should be taken.
The Antibiotic Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Patients Purchasing Antibiotics without Prescription: Results of National Survey

Background. The inappropriate and overuse of antimicrobials is a problem worldwide. To target future interventions, a thorough understanding of current behavior reasons is needed. The aim of the study was to explore antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among patients residing in Russia. Methods. In total, 149 semistructured interviews were carried out with respondents using antibiotics without prescriptions. Interviews were used to assess participants’ practices to treat symptoms of a confirmed/suspected infectious disease and their behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes toward the use of antimicrobials. A directed content analysis was applied. Results. Despite regulation, inappropriate use of antibiotics is a common practice. Knowledge on the mechanism of action and indications for the use of antibiotics was generally low. However, self-diagnosis, self-treatment with antimicrobials, and attempts to purchase antibiotics in pharmacies with no prescription were quite common. Family members and friends were involved in decisions about treatment strategy. Time spent for the doctor’s visit, fear to be exposed to additional infections in outpatient clinics/hospitals, previous experience with antimicrobial self-treatment, and “loyal” policy of selling antibiotics influenced the respondents’ decisions of not going to the doctor. COVID-19 made an impact on antimicrobial self-treatment: there was a substantial complexity in contacting a medical healthcare provider. Most of the respondents did not pay much attention or even noticed informational materials on the proper use of antibiotics. Conclusion. Self-treatment with antibiotics in Russia exists. Conducted information campaigns were not effective enough as the low level of knowledge about antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance was revealed by the present study.
WATER QUALITY NEAR WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN ALLUVIAL AND KARST HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTINGS, BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 2 INTRODUCTION . 2 LOCATION OF STUDY AREA . 5 PREVIOUS WORK . 7 OBJECTIVES . 13 METHOD OF STUDY . 15 Alluvial deposits . 19 Karst limestone . 21 Municipal wastewater treatment lagoons, Hill City, South Dakota . 21 ON-SITE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND PROCESSES . 22 Effluent characteristics . 25 Fate and transport of contaminants in ground water . 25 On-site wastewater treatment systems in karst limestone . 35 RESULTS . 37 Alluvial deposits . 37 Private residence, Hill City, South Dakota . 37 Private residence, Johnson Siding, South Dakota . 46 Rocky Knolls Golf Course, Custer, South Dakota . 55 Karst limestone . 58 Municipal wastewater treatment lagoons, Hill City, South Dakota . 63
A configuração do campo de pesquisa em educação ambiental: considerações sobre nossos autorretratos

This paper is part of my speech as moderator of the table entitled "Setting the Environmental Education Research Field", which occurred in the V Research Meeting on Environmental Education - EPEA (November 2, 2009) in Sao Carlos (SP). Based on the works presented and on my own condition as a researcher in the area, I highlight some considerations by taking the research production in EE as an indicator of a phenomenon that we try to understand while we build our own area. I use Bourdieu's notion of scientific field to reflect on our production conditions in and on the EE scientific research field.
Life-Cycle Assessment of a Combined-Cycle Power Plant for Electricity Generation

Background: Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive method used to evaluate the environmental effects throughout the entire lifespan (from creation to disposal) of a product or process. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the environmental impact associated with generating 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity in a combined-cycle power plant located in the southwest region of Iran. Methods: An LCA following ISO 14044 standards was conducted via the ReCiPe method evaluating 10 impact categories at the midpoint level, and covering the entire life cycle. This method was selected for its comprehensive modeling of potential impacts from numerous chemicals and its practicality at both midpoint and endpoint levels. Results: The study found that resource availability (RA) has the highest impact at 53% in endpoint categories, mainly due to natural land transformation (NLT) and fuel depletion (FD). Human health (HH) contributes 43%, while ecosystem diversity (ED) has a minor 4% role. In midpoint categories, over 99% of global warming potential (GWP) and climate change (CC) are from CO2 emissions due to fossil fuel combustion. Conclusion: Midpoint analysis identified NLT, FD, CC, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, and water depletion as the most impacted categories by the power plant. However, at the endpoint level, RA, HH, and ED were the primary concerns. Fossil fuel use significantly shaped the environmental impact throughout the power plant’s life cycle.
Predictors requiring special attention to prevent clavicle fracture nonunion: a systematic review of literature

Background Clavicle fracture (CF) is the tenth most prevalent fracture, accounting for an annual incidence of 37/10,000. This systematic review highlights the factors contributing to the nonunion union of the clavicular fracture. Method A systematic search was conducted using three web-based databases up to August 12, 2022, for conducting qualitative analysis. Articles were screened for relevance, and only studies that met inclusion criteria based on PECOS; P (patients): participants diagnosed with clavicular fracture; E (exposure): nonunion, C (control): not applicable; O (outcomes): factors contributing to nonunion or delayed union; S (studies): trials and observational studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the cohort studies. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the bias in randomized control trials. Results Ten studies were selected after the final literature search. Two thousand seven hundred and sixty-six adult participants who were radiologically and clinically diagnosed with nonunion clavicular fracture were included to pool the qualitative results. Fall was the most dominant cause of clavicular fracture, followed by road traffic collisions. Open reduction was widely used to treat nonunion correction. The qualitative results suggested a prominent correlation of nonunion with advancing age, female gender, high energy trauma, high Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score, smoking, fracture displacement, clavicular shortening, the callus on radiography, and fracture movement. The mid-shaft fracture was the most dominant type of fracture in the included studies; highly associated with nonunion in comparison to medial or lateral CF. The previous history of operation was an independent factor contributing to nonunion. Conclusion The results of this systematic review suggested the predictors contributing to nonunion in the CF. Demographic factors such as advancing age with female gender are at higher risk of developing clavicular nonunion. Smoking was the most dominantly highlighted environmental factor contributing to nonunion. Diaphyseal or midshaft fracture was the most common site for nonunion. Therefore, we suggested that patients with the predictors mentioned above require special attention to prevent nonunion of the CFs. More studies should be conducted on this subject to assess the factors that pose a risk associated with the nonunion of the bone for better clinical management and outcomes of the fracture.
Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Sarada Gedda Sub Watershed

In present days many researchers have delineated groundwater potential zones using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques by the Weighted Index Overlay Analysis (WIOA) for various geographic regions of the world. Many of the researchers have not been given weightage calcualtions for the thematic layers they considered in their research. But in this research, a detailed approach have been given for weightage calcultions for various thematic layers considered. In this research the following thematic layers have been taken which include Land use/Land cover, Geomorphology, Geology, Soil, Drainage density, Lineament density, Lineament frequency and Lineament Intersection. All the thematic layers have been extracted from the existing data, KOMPSAT and LANDSAT ETM+ satellite data. For the extraction of thematic layers and analysis ,the ArcGIS 9.3,1 and ERDAS Imagine 9.1 softwares have been used for delineating the groundwater potential zones. The delineated groundwater potential zones have been validated with the open wells in the study area. Keywords— Groundwater, Remote Sensing and GIS, Weighted Index Overlay, KOMPSAT, LANDSAT ETM+, ArcGIS, ERDAS Imagine
Phenomenographic Approaches in Research About Nursing

We propose that phenomenography is well-suited to research about nursing, given its focus on identifying variation in individuals’ experiences, and inclusion of diverse voices and perspectives. Phenomenography explores qualitatively different ways in which a group of people experience a phenomenon, often using semi-structured interviews. The use of phenomenography is especially relevant in research about nursing which provides accounts of the experiences of nurses and patients within complex practice settings. We consider the tenets of phenomenography and examine phenomenography’s relationship to and differences from phenomenology. We review literature published about phenomenographic research in nursing and reflect on the potential benefits of phenomenographic research about nursing. This paper adds to knowledge about use of phenomenography in research about nursing.
Unsaturated Flow through a Small Fracture–Matrix Network: Part 1. Experimental Observations

The behavior of unsaturated flow was investigated in a laboratory model. A constant and uniform supply of chemically equilibrated water was introduced to the upper surface of three artificial fractures in a surrogate fracture network consisting of a thin wall of uncemented limestone blocks. Water was collected from the lower boundary via fiberglass wicks placed at the bottom of each artificial fracture. Eight experiments were conducted to evaluate the repeatability of flow under nearly identical conditions and to characterize general patterns in flow behavior. Collected data revealed that flow generally converged to a single fracture in the bottom row of blocks. Periods of pathway switching were observed to be more common than periods with steady, constant flow pathways. We noted the importance of fracture intersections for integrating uniform flow and discharging a “fluid cascade,” where water advances rapidly to the next capillary barrier creating a stop and start advance of water through the network. Under very similar initial moisture and boundary conditions, flow in the system was less repeatable than expected. The results of this simple experiment suggest that the interaction of multiple fracture intersections in a network creates flow behavior not generally recognized in popular conceptual and numerical models, (i.e., convergence of flow, pathway switching, and fluid cascades).
Noninvasive genetic assessment of population status of tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India

Population size estimation is a prerequisite for assessment of conservation status of a species in its natural habitat. With a global scenario of vanishing local population of tigers in many parts of its range distribution, estimation of the minimum number of individuals is vital for prioritizing conservation attention to specific areas with long term possibility of survival of the species. In the present study, DNA based techniques were used to identify species, individuals and sex from 72 faecal samples collected from Buxa Tiger Reserve of West Bengal. Present study confirms the presence of 15 individual tigers with 3 male, 9 female and 3 with unknown sex identity. Genetic capture recapture estimate based on single session sampling using CAPWIRE yields population size of 25 (95% CI 19 to 31) following the even capture probability model. Results obtained from the present study indicate possible movement of tigers from contiguous forest patches of Bhutan to the north and Manas Tiger Reserve on the east of Buxa. The present study shows that noninvasive genetics can be an effective tool in monitoring elusive species such as tiger, especially in areas of low population density. Key words: Panthera tigris tigris, noninvasive genetics, microsatellite, population estimation, CAPWIRE, Buxa Tiger Reserve.