Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Expression of KT/HAK/KUP Transporter Family Genes in Willow under Potassium Deficiency, Drought, and Salt Stresses

The K+ transporter/high-affinity K+/K+ uptake (KT/HAK/KUP) transporters dominate K+ uptake, transport, and allocation that play a pivotal role in mineral homeostasis and plant adaptation to adverse abiotic stresses. However, molecular mechanisms towards K+ nutrition in forest trees are extremely rare, especially in willow. In this study, we identified 22 KT/HAK/KUP transporter genes in purple osier willow (designated as SpuHAK1 to SpuHAK22) and examined their expression under K+ deficiency, drought, and salt stress conditions. Both transcriptomic and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses demonstrated that SpuHAKs were predominantly expressed in stems, and the expression levels of SpuHAK1, SpuHAK2, SpuHAK3, SpuHAK7, and SpuHAK8 were higher at the whole plant level, whereas SpuHAK9, SpuHAK11, SpuHAK20, and SpuHAK22 were hardly detected in tested tissues. In addition, both K+ deficiency and salt stress decreased the tissue K+ content, while drought increased the tissue K+ content in purple osier plant. Moreover, SpuHAK genes were differentially responsive to K+ deficiency, drought, and salt stresses in roots. K+ deficiency and salt stress mainly enhanced the expression level of responsive SpuHAK genes. Fifteen putative cis-acting regulatory elements, including the stress response, hormone response, circadian regulation, and nutrition and development, were identified in the promoter region of SpuHAK genes. Our findings provide a foundation for further functional characterization of KT/HAK/KUP transporters in forest trees and may be useful for breeding willow rootstocks that utilize potassium more efficiently.
Graph H\"ormander Systems

This paper extends the Bakry-Emery theorem connecting the Ricci curvature and log-Sobolev inequalities to the matrix-valued setting. Using tools from noncommuative geometry, it is shown that for a right invariant second order differential operator on a compact Lie group, a lower bound for a matrix-valued modified log-Sobolev inequality is equivalent to a uniform lower bound for all finite dimensional representations. Using combinatorial tools, we obtain computable lower bounds for matrix-valued log-Sobolev inequalities of graph-Hormander systems using combinatorial methods.
Immobilization of β-Galactosidase on Carboxymethyl Cellulose-chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complex

β-Galactosidase was immobilized on carboxymethyl collulose-chitosan(CMC-CS) polyelectrolyte complex with glutaraldehyde by crosslinking reaction.The immobilization conditions and characterization of the immobilized enzyme were studied.The results indicated that the optimal activity was 0.023 5 U/g,when the concentrantion of glutaraldehyde was 0.5 %,dosage of β-galactosidase was 1 g/L per 0.5 g CMC-CS,immobilization time and crosslinking time were 9 and 3 h,respectively.The optimalreaction temperature and pH value of the immobilized enzyme were 50 ℃ and 7,respectively;and those of free enzyme were 30 ℃ and 9,respectively.The immobilized enzyme showed lower thermal stability than that of the free enzyme,because of irreversible reaction from carrier and enzyme,but pH value stability of the immobilized enzyme were better than that of the free enzyme.The immobilized β-galactosidase showed high stability when it was used repeatedly for three times.Michaelis constant(Km) of the immobilized enzyme was 0.705 1 mmol/L,which was higher than that of the free enzyme,which indicated the increased affinity of immobilized enzyme toward substrate which was beneficial to the enzymatic reaction.
One Thousand and One Hours: Self-driving Motion Prediction Dataset

We present the largest self-driving dataset for motion prediction to date, with over 1,000 hours of data. This was collected by a fleet of 20 autonomous vehicles along a fixed route in Palo Alto, California over a four-month period. It consists of 170,000 scenes, where each scene is 25 seconds long and captures the perception output of the self-driving system, which encodes the precise positions and motions of nearby vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians over time. On top of this, the dataset contains a high-definition semantic map with 15,242 labelled elements and a high-definition aerial view over the area. Together with the provided software kit, this collection forms the largest, most complete and detailed dataset to date for the development of self-driving, machine learning tasks such as motion forecasting, planning and simulation. The full dataset is available at this http URL.
Echinoderms provide missing link in the evolution of PrRP/sNPF-type neuropeptide signalling

Neuropeptide signalling systems comprising peptide ligands and cognate receptors are evolutionarily ancient regulators of physiology and behaviour. However, there are challenges associated with determination of orthology between neuropeptides in different taxa. Orthologs of vertebrate neuropeptide-Y (NPY) known as neuropeptide-F (NPF) have been identified in protostome invertebrates, whilst prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and short neuropeptide-F (sNPF) have been identified as paralogs of NPY/NPF in vertebrates and protostomes, respectively. Here we investigated the occurrence of NPY/NPF/PrRP/sNPF-related signalling systems in a deuterostome invertebrate phylum – the Echinodermata. Analysis of transcriptome/genome sequence data revealed loss of NPY/NPF-type signalling, but orthologs of PrRP-type neuropeptides and sNPF/PrRP-type receptors were identified in echinoderms. Furthermore, experimental studies revealed that the PrRP-type neuropeptide pQDRSKAMQAERTGQLRRLNPRF-NH2 is a potent ligand for a sNPF/PrRP-type receptor in the starfish Asterias rubens. Our findings indicate that PrRP-type and sNPF-type signalling systems are orthologous and originated as a paralog of NPY/NPF-type signalling in Urbilateria.
A techno-economic evaluation of skidding operation by Timber jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666BDS in Caspian forests

A field production study was conducted for a cut-to-length harvesting system using Timber jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS in a Caspian hardwood forest site. A selective cut was performed on a 66-hectare tract with an average slope of 30 percent. Skidding time per turn using Timber jack 450C were most affected by skidding distance, winching distance, and interaction between skidding distance, skid trail slope, and using Clark Ranger 666 BDS were most affected by interaction between skidding distance and volume per turn, interaction between skidding distance and skid trail slope, winching slope, respectively. The production rate using Timber jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS were 22.93 m³ (3.42 m³) and 19.29 m³ (1.61m³) per hour, respectively. The unit cost rate of Timber jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS were US$0.62 and US$0.74/m³, respectively. The results of statistical analysis using t-test showed that there are significant differences between two machines regarding to the amounts of productivities (t value = 2.36, P value = 0.04). The results of statistical analysis using t-test showed that there are significant differences between two machines regarding to the amounts of costs (t value = 2.48, P value = 0.03). The results have implications for equipment selection and the planning of harvests and harvest access systems.
The Role of Canopy Ants in Removing Ficus perforate Seeds from Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata mexicana) Feces at Los Tuxtlas, México

We analyzed Ficus perforate seed removal by canopy ants under four treatments: syconia seeds; howler monkey‐defecated washed seeds; syconia seeds with howler dung; and defecated seeds with howler dung. Ants removed more defecated washed seeds in the wet season, while during the dry season, removal was greater for syconia seeds and defecated washed seeds. Our results suggest that ants tended to remove more seeds when they were not embedded in feces; however, even seeds set on howler dung were still attractive to ants.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Introducing noise in the training of machine learning systems is a powerful way to protect individual privacy via differential privacy guarantees, but comes at a cost to utility. This work looks at whether the inherent randomness of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) could contribute to privacy, effectively reducing the amount of additional noise required to achieve a given privacy guarantee. We conduct a large-scale empirical study to examine this question. Training a grid of over 120,000 models across four datasets (tabular and images) on convex and non-convex objectives, we demonstrate that the random seed has a larger impact on model weights than any individual training example. We test the distribution over weights induced by the seed, finding that the simple convex case can be modelled with a multivariate Gaussian posterior, while neural networks exhibit multi-modal and non-Gaussian weight distributions. By casting convex SGD as a Gaussian mechanism, we then estimate an ‘intrinsic’ data-dependent i(D), finding values as low as 6.3, dropping to 1.9 using empirical estimates. We use a membership inference attack to estimate for non-convex SGD and demonstrate that hiding the random seed from the adversary results in a statistically significant reduction in attack performance, corresponding to a reduction in the effective . These results provide empirical evidence that SGD exhibits appreciable variability relative to its dataset sensitivity, and this ‘intrinsic noise’ has the potential to be leveraged to improve the utility of privacy-preserving machine learning.
OP-EUJC200185 1..5

First reorganization in Europe of a regional cardiac surgery system to deal with the coronavirus-2019 pandemic Igor Belluschi , Michele De Bonis , Ottavio Alfieri, Benedetto Del Forno , Francesco Alamanni, Gianluca Polvani, Giulio Pompilio, Maurizio Roberto, Luca Giuseppe Merlino, Giovanni Troise, Alessandro Triboldi, Germano Di Credico, Fulvio Edoardo Odinolfi, Alessandro Giamberti, Alessandro Frigiola, Carlo De Vincentiis, Lorenzo Menicanti , Fabrizio Monaco, Giulio Melisurgo, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Alberto Ambrosio, Elena BottinelliAlessandro Castiglioni
Additions to the Ammonite Fauna of the Upper Cretaceous Navesink Formation of New Jersey

Abstract New fossil collections provide additional information about the late Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from the Navesink Formation of New Jersey. Late Campanian ammonites include Pseudophyllites indra (Forbes, 1846), Nostoceras (N.) approximans (Conrad, 1855) (of which Nostoceras (N.) stantoni Hyatt, 1894, is a synonym), Nostoceras (N.) hyatti Stephenson, 1941, Nostoceras (N.) pauper (Whitfield, 1892), Didymoceras cf. D. draconis (Stephenson, 1941), Exiteloceras rude n. sp. , Hoploscaphites pumilus (Stephenson, 1941), and Jeletzkytes cf. J. nodosus (Owen, 1852). Maastrichtian ammonites from the Navesink Formation include Pachydiscus (P.) neubergicus neubergicus (Hauer, 1858), Kitchinites sp. , Nostoceras (N.) alternatum (Tuomey, 1854), Baculites sp. , Eubaculites cf. E. labyrinthicus (Morton, 1834), Eubaculites sp. , Jeletzkytes cf. J. plenus (Meek, 1876), Jeletzkytes criptonodosus Riccardi, 1983, and Discoscaphites gulosus (Morton, 1834). These faunas are correlated with those of Western Europe, the Gulf Coast, and the Western Interior of the United States. The older fauna from the basal phosphatic beds of the Navesink Formation at the classic Atlantic Highlands locality is referred to the Nostoceras (N.) hyatti zone. It is late Campanian in age and equivalent to the Nostoceras (N.) pozaryskii/Belemnella langei zone in Europe and the Baculites jenseni zone in the United States Western Interior. In addition, these beds contain ammonites that range into the early Maastrichtian, as well as Pachydiscus (P.) neubergicus, whose appearance marks the base of the Maastrichtian. Thus, these phosphatic beds represent a condensed sequence that spans the late Campanian to early Maastrichtian. Ammonites also occur at other localities in the Navesink Formation in New Jersey, and correspond to higher levels in the Maastrichtian. The youngest ammonite known from the Navesink Formation, Discoscaphites gulosus, from Sewell, New Jersey, indicates a correlation with the Hoploscaphites nicolletii or Jeletzkytes nebrascensis zone of the Western Interior.
Critical 3-hypergraphs (detailed version)

Given a 3-hypergraph $H$, a subset $M$ of $V(H)$ is a module of $H$ if for each $e\in E(H)$ such that $e\cap M\neq\emptyset$ and $e\setminus M\neq\emptyset$, there exists $m\in M$ such that $e\cap M=\{m\}$ and for every $n\in M$, we have $(e\setminus\{m\})\cup\{n\}\in E(H)$. For example, $\emptyset$, $V(H)$ and $\{v\}$, where $v\in V(H)$, are modules of $H$, called trivial. A 3-hypergraph is prime if all its modules are trivial. Furthermore, a prime 3-hypergraph is critical if all its induced subhypergraphs, obtained by removing one vertex, are not prime. We characterize the critical 3-hypergraphs.
A brand-new cardiorenal syndrome in the Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) setting. LID - sfaa082

Coronaviruses are a major pathogen for adults, causing up to one-third of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults during epidemics Although the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) targets preferentially patient’s lungs, recent data have documented that COVID-19 causes myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, exacerbation of heart failure and acute kidney injury Studies show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to its predecessor SARS-CoV, engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry receptor ACE2 is also expressed in the heart, providing a link between coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system FAU - Apetrii, Mugurel
Spatial interactions in urban scaling laws

Analyses of urban scaling laws assume that observations in different cities are independent of the existence of nearby cities. Here we introduce generative models and data-analysis methods that overcome this limitation by modelling explicitly the effect of interactions between individuals at different locations. Parameters that describe the scaling law and the spatial interactions are inferred from data simultaneously, allowing for rigorous (Bayesian) model comparison and overcoming the problem of defining the boundaries of urban regions. Results in five different datasets show that including spatial interactions typically leads to better models and a change in the exponent of the scaling law.
Long-term changes in coastal zoobenthos in the northern Baltic Sea: the role of abiotic environmental factors

We investigated site-specific changes in a coastal zoobenthic community during 1964 – 2007 in the northern Baltic Sea. Multivariate analysis indicated that the community structure had changed. The amphipods Monoporeia affinis and Pontoporeia femorata decreased drastically in the late 1970s – early 1980s, and by the early 1990s P. femorata vanished and M. affinis abundance was low. The decline of M. affinis and P. femorata was followed by an increase of the bivalve Macoma balthica and the arrival of the polychaete genus Marenzelleria in the 1990s. Trend analyses showed a rising trend for near-bottom temperature from the late 1960s. There was a significant decline in salinity during the early 1980s, which stabilized during the early 1990s. A negative trend was observed for oxygen concentration during the entire study period. There were interannual variations in the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, and a step-like increase in phosphorus concentration at the beginning of the 21st century. The correlations of temperature, salinity, oxygen, total phosphorus and nitrogen with zoobenthic communities were examined using Constrained Correspondence Analysis. Temperature was the most highly correlated explanatory variable for the benthic species. The study highlights the importance of long-term data sets in assessing the state and ecological processes of zoobenthic systems.
Probability Distributions on Partially Ordered Sets and Network Interdiction Games

This article poses the following problem: Does there exist a probability distribution over subsets of a finite partially ordered set (poset), such that a set of constraints involving marginal probabilities of the poset’s elements and maximal chains is satisfied? We present a combinatorial algorithm to positively resolve this question. The algorithm can be implemented in polynomial time in the special case where maximal chain probabilities are affine functions of their elements. This existence problem is relevant for the equilibrium characterization of a generic strategic interdiction game on a capacitated flow network. The game involves a routing entity that sends its flow through the network while facing path transportation costs and an interdictor who simultaneously interdicts one or more edges while facing edge interdiction costs. Using our existence result on posets and strict complementary slackness in linear programming, we show that the Nash equilibria of this game can be fully described using primal and dual solutions of a minimum-cost circulation problem. Our analysis provides a new characterization of the critical components in the interdiction game. It also leads to a polynomial-time approach for equilibrium computation.
Fine-grained Analysis on Fast Implementations of Distributed Multi-writer Atomic Registers

Distributed multi-writer atomic registers are at the heart of a large number of distributed algorithms. While enjoying the benefits of atomicity, researchers further explore fast implementations of atomic reigsters which are optimal in terms of data access latency. Though it is proved that multi-writer atomic register implementations are impossible when both read and write are required to be fast, it is still open whether implementations are impossible when only write or read is required to be fast. This work proves the impossibility of fast write implementations based on a series of chain arguments among indistiguishable executions. We also show the necessary and sufficient condition for fast read implementations by extending the results in the single-writer case. This work concludes a series of studies on fast implementations of distributed atomic registers.
Factors associated with hunter success for ducks on state-owned lands in Illinois, USA

Abstract Factors that influence hunter success for waterfowl are subject to varying levels of control by managers. The relative influence of these factors is poorly understood, but such information may be valuable to guide management actions intended to promote successful hunting and communicate management decisions to constituents. We used bag-check data to investigate factors influencing hunter success for mallards Anas platyrhynchos and other dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini) during the period 1981-2000 and 2002 at Illinois public waterfowl areas. Competing models of hunter success for mallards and other dabbling ducks included a negative association with average low temperature during the duck season (uncontrollable by managers) and positive associations with estimates of local and continental duck abundance, factors which we considered partially controllable by managers. Although a certain proportion of variation in hunter success for ducks cannot be directly influenced by managers, we suggest that programs and management efforts, which promote larger continental duck populations (e.g. Conservation Reserve Program) and local duck abundance (e.g. provide quality wetland foraging habitats), may positively influence hunter success.
Effects of food concentration on egg production and feeding rates of the cyclopoid copepod Oithona davisae

Experiments to determine egg production and feeding rates of Oithona davisae were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. From copepodite IV stage on, the animals were fed the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina in a wide range of concentrations (from 10 µg C L−1to 286 µg C L−1), and adult females were daily monitored to study different aspects of their fecundity. Both clutch and egg‐production rate increased with food concentration, with values from 8 to 20 eggs for the clutch size, and from 1.8 eggs to 6.3 eggs female−1 d−1 for the egg production. In addition, to assess the efficiency of conversion of food intake into egg mass, two feeding experiments were conducted. Maximum weight‐specific ingestion rates (≈ 80% body C d−1) and the egg‐production efficiency (16%) were lower than those reported for free‐spawning calanoid copepods. The fact that satiating food concentrations for feeding and egg production of adult females of Oithona davisae were rather low suggests an adaptation to exploit oligotrophic environments, and might explain the ecological success of the genus in situations when food becomes limiting for other groups of copepods.
Variations of Ethmoid Roof in the Iranian Population- A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the distribution of ethmoid roof variation and symmetry according to Keros classification. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the paranasal CT scans of 600 patients over 18 years of age with no history of surgery, trauma, or localized fracture in the ethmoid, nose, and anterior skull base. The lateral lamella of the cribriform plate (LLCP) sizes were measured and classified as Keros type I (1-3 mm), II (4-7mm), and III (8-16mm). Moreover, the symmetry was surveyed in accordance with the LLCP measurements on both sides of the ethmoid roof. These variations were analyzed regarding gender and age. Results: In total, 600 patients participated in this study out of whom 311 cases were male. According to the results, the mean age of the participants was 37.50±16.63 years. Furthermore, the mean values of the LLCP height for the right and left sides were 4.17±1.69 and 4.93±1.97 mm, respectively. Moreover, the asymmetry was observed in 38.3% of the cases, and they were classified as 36.7% Keros type I, 50.5% Keros type II, and 12.8% Keros type III. Conclusion: Keros type II and symmetry were the most common variations in this study. In addition, these variations were independent of age and gender.
In vitro vitellogenin synthesis in primary cultures of tilapia hepatocytes

: Primary cultures of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) hepatocytes were developed and effects of several hormones on in vitro production of female-specific proteins (vitellogenin; VTG) were investigated. The hepatocytes were maintained for more than 2 weeks in Leibovitz-15 medium without the addition of any serum components. Absence of insulin in the culture media did not affect either cell attachment or monolayer formation. When VTG levels in the culture media were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibody against tilapia egg homogenate (a-E), VTG was detected in the medium for at least 8 days from hepatocytes isolated from a vitellogenic female but not from a male fish. However, the addition of estradiol-17β (E2) to the media of hepatocyte cultures from the male tilapia resulted in the elevation of VTG. Insulin and ovine growth hormone treatments did not have a significant effect on VTG induction. These results suggest that E2 is a major steroid hormone to induce VTG synthesis in the tilapia hepatocytes and that involvement of other hormones in the vitellogenic process is different among teleost species.