Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equatorial electromagnetic emission with discrete spectra near harmonics of oxygen gyrofrequency during magnetic storm

Equatorial electromagnetic ELF emissions at a frequency range around the oxygen ion gyrofrequency were observed in the low altitude plasmasphere (L = 1.5∼2.5) during magnetic storms with high activity of the ring current by triaxial search coil and single component electric field instruments on board the Akebono satellite. We find that a particular type of the ELF emissions occur with a multi-band spectral structure around the local gyrofrequency (Fo+) of the oxygen ion (O+) during the main phase of magnetic storm. Our finding includes the following; The multi-band emissions are localized in the morning sector and often consist of several spaced frequency bands closely related the local gyro-harmonics of oxygen ion (O+) with a fundamental frequency of Fo+ or 2Fo+. The frequency of each band is dependent on the local magnetic field variation along the satellite orbit and the spacing between the bands is almost equal to Fo+ or 2Fo+. It is suggested that emissions are generated by terrestrial oxygen ion composing the ring current area during the main phase of magnetic storm.
Challenge-Based Learning in Dental Education

Challenge-based learning (CBL) is a novel learning framework for a collaborative and multidisciplinary learning experience. It allows students, teachers, stakeholders, researchers, families, and society to work together to identify and solve real-world challenges. CBL helps students develop a deeper knowledge of the subjects they are studying. The concepts of CBL originate from a variety of educational theories and approaches, such as problem-based learning and inquiry-based learning. The precursor to the CBL framework is problem-based learning. However, unlike in problem-based learning and other approaches, students formulate the challenges they will address in CBL. Furthermore, students need to create a solution resulting in concrete action. CBL takes into account the social impact of an idea rather than just the corporate benefits. Therefore, it can help students expand the scope and depth of learning, encourage teamwork capabilities, and raise their awareness about considering quality and ethics in decision-making. CBL is implemented in universities, schools, and institutions worldwide and its use is well-recognized in science, engineering, and medicine, but it has not been translated into dentistry. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept of inclusion, principles and design, implementation, and supervision of the CBL framework in a dental course for the adaption of this learning framework to dental education.
A second order approximation to taguchps online control procedure

In this paper, a second order approximation of the average loss function for on-line control procedure is developed under a Brownian motion model. The approximation depends on whether the ratio of the adjustment cost to the inspection cost is small or large. Both cases are dealt with. Simple formulae for the optimal parameters are given for both cases. These approximations are shown to be better than the ones given by Taguchi et al.(1989) and Adams and WoodaU(1989).
Errata: Principal eigenvalue estimates via the supremum of torsion

We show that the reciprocal of the principal eigenvalue of some operators is comparable to the supremum of the solution to associated generalized torsion problems or the expected exit time for stochastic processes. As a result, we extend estimates, known for the Laplacian on simply connected two-dimensional domains, to general n-dimensional domains, to symmetric stable processes and to the p-Laplacian. Our proofs rely on probabilistic estimates and interpretations of the eigenvalues and the torsion functions.
Turbulent heating and temperature evolution in the solar wind plasma

We calculate the turbulent dissipation rate of incompressive hydromagnetic fluctuations and the resulting radial evolution of temperature in the solar wind using generalizations of Kolmogorov and Kraichnan MHD turbulence phenomenologies that include the suppression of dissipation by high cross helicity. The results for the temperature evolution are compared to a variety of data sets to test the phenomenologies over a wide parameter range. Motivated by the observations, we use different power laws in radius for the amplitudes of Alfvenic and nonAlfvenic fluctuations to determine the cascade rates. To explain the observations using Kolmogorov-like models, we found it necessary to suppress the dissipation rates for the high cross helicity streams even further than predicted by simple models ; this may be due to the nonequilibrium nature of the spectrum or to other causes as yet unknown. The Kolmogorov-like model gives rise to a significant amount of turbulent heating, implying that turbulent heating, while likely dominant only in the inner heliosphere, may be competitive with heating by shocks and the assimilation of interstellar pickup ions in the outer heliosphere. In contrast, the generalized Kraichnan phenomenology yields less turbulent heating than the Kolmogorov-like model and seems inadequate to explain the observations. We conclude that while no existing turbulence model adequately explains the observed radial dependence of temperature in the solar wind, there appears to be sufficient energy available for turbulent heating to contribute significantly, even in the outer heliosphere.
Size and frequency dependence of effective thermal conductivity in nanosystems

A single phenomenological expression is proposed to describe thermal transport in a wide variety of nanoscale devices. Size and frequency dependence is studied for some nanosystems from the diffusive to the ballistic regimes. In a single expression we obtain the effective thermal conductivity of cross-plane thin layer experiments where the device has a size limitation in the direction of the flux, and nanowire and in-plane experiments where the size limitation is in a transversal direction from the flux in terms of the effective size of the device. For nonzero frequencies, the size dependence has a maximum which becomes narrower at higher frequencies. For a given size, the effective thermal conductivity decreases for increasing frequency. These features may be limited in the design of nanoscale devices, because of the accumulation of dissipated heat.
The Moderator Effect of Subthreshold Autistic Traits on the Relationship between Quality of Life and Internet Addiction

People with sub-threshold autistic traits (SATs) are more prone to develop addictive behaviors such the ones linked to Internet abuse. The restrictions for anti-COVID-19 distancing measures encourage social isolation and, consequently, increase screen time, which may lead to Internet addiction (IA). However, a better quality of life (QoL) may have function as a protective factor against the development of IA. This study wanted to investigate the relation between SATs, QoL, and the overuse of the Internet in a group of 141 university students in the North of Italy. Participants completed a battery of tests. Results suggest that QoL is a predictive factor of IA and that the relationship between QoL and IA is significantly moderated by SATs. This could mean that SATs might represent a risk factor for IA, even when people have a better quality of life. Differences between female and male students are discussed, as well as possible implications for practice.
Morphology-dependent antibacterial properties of diamond coatings

Abstract Microorganisms promoted corrosion has caused significant loss to marine engineering and the antibacterial coatings have served as a solution that has gained attention. In this study, the chemical vapour deposition technique has been employed to grow three different types of diamond coatings, namely, ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD), nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), and microcrystalline diamond (MCD) coatings. The evolution of associated surface morphology and the surface functional groups of the grown coatings have demonstrated antibacterial activity in seawater environments. It is found that different ratio of sp3/sp2 carbon bonds on the diamond coatings influences their surface property (hydrophobic/hydrophilic), which changes the anti-adhesion behaviour of diamond coatings against bacteria. This plays a critical role in determining the antibacterial property of the developed coatings. The results show that the diamond coatings arising from the deposition process kill the bacteria via a combination of the mechanical effects and the functional groups on the surface of UNCD, NCD, and MCD coatings, respectively. These antibacterial coatings are effective to both Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis) for 1–6 h of incubation time. When the contact duration is prolonged to 6 h or over, the MCD coatings begin to reduce the bacteria colonies drastically and enhance the bacteriostatic rate for both E. coli and B. subtilis.
Internal variability in a 1000-yr control simulation with the coupled climate model ECHO-G — I. Near-surface temperature, precipitation and mean sea level pressure

The internal variability in a 1000-yr control simulation with the coupled atmosphere’ocean global climate model ECHO-G is analysed using near-surface temperature, precipitation and mean sea level pressure variables, and is compared with observations and other coupled climate model simulations. ECHO-G requires annual mean flux adjustments for heat and freshwater in order to simulate no significant climate drift for 1000 yr, but no flux adjustments for momentum. The ECHO-G control run captures well most aspects of the observed seasonal and annual climatology and of the interannual to decadal variability of the three variables. Model biases are very close to those in ECHAM4 (atmospheric component of ECHO-G) stand-alone integrations with prescribed observed sea surface temperature. A trend comparison between observed and modelled near-surface temperatures shows that the observed near-surface globalwarming is larger than internal variability produced by ECHO-G, supporting previous studies. The simulated global mean near-surface temperatures, however, show a 2-yr spectral peak which is linked with a strong biennial bias of energy in the El Niño Southern Oscillation signal. Consequently, the interannual variability (3–9 yr) is underestimated.
Water management training and extension services as key drivers to homestead food garden production: A case study of households in Gauteng province, South Africa

Globally, food and agriculture lie at the heart of the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially for the goals of ending poverty, hunger and malnutrition, sustaining natural resources, and responding to climate change. Hence, water management is critical for food production. A survey was conducted by the Agricultural Research Council and Gauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Development to establish the key drivers to homestead food garden production. The objectives were (i) to identify and describe the drought status of households and (ii) to identify and describe the socioeconomic characteristics of households. A total of 1150 households were assessed using quantitative and qualitative designs and the Standardized Precipitation Index. A purposive sampling technique was used, and data were coded, captured and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The results indicated that water management training should be coupled with a good extension service as most households complained about the lack of availability of agricultural advisors. The study concluded that for a productive homestead food garden, sound training and extension services on water supply and storage, efficiency of irrigation and land drainage are necessary.
Low-frequency magnetic fluctuation spectra in the magnetosheath and plasma depletion layer

Recent observations have delineated several different kinds of enhanced magnetic fluctuation spectra below the proton cyclotron frequency in the terrestrial magnetosheath. A model is presented that represents the variation of plasma parameters across the plasma depletion layer and into the magnetosheath proper. Using this model, we find that many of the properties of the observed spectra follow directly from the predictions of linear Vlasov instability theory. The observed progression of spectral features is a natural progression from mirror mode to merged (in frequency range) proton and He2+ cyclotron modes to bifurcated (in frequency range) cyclotron modes as plasma convects earthward in the magnetosheath. The necessary change in dispersion surface topology from separated proton and He2+ cyclotron surfaces at low beta to merged surfaces at high beta is described.
Task Scheduling Under a Novel Framework for Data Relay Satellite Network via Deep Reinforcement Learning

Data relay satellite networks (DRSNs) face the challenge of increasing relay mission demands in space networks. To improve the task scheduling efficiency of DRSN further, we propose a novel task scheduling framework, wherein a scheduling sequence is generated by selecting one antenna and selecting one task for the antenna in each step. Subsequently, the task scheduling problem of DRSN (TSPD) is regarded as a sequential decision-making problem and is optimized using a method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which overcomes the difficulty of designing heuristics with massive efforts. In this study, a mathematical model and corresponding Markov decision model based on our proposed scheduling framework are constructed, and for the first time, a policy network that includes one encoder based on the attention mechanism and two decoders is designed to solve the TSPD. In addtion, extensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our scheduling framework and demonstrate that the DRL method can obtain a scheduling scheme with the highest profits with decent generalization to different task scales, number of user spacecrafts and execution duration of tasks.
Extreme Event-based Rainfall-runoff Simulation Utilizing GIS Techniques in Irawan Watershed, Palawan, Philippines

River flow assessments and ecologically sustainable water management plans are now possible due to the advancement of sophisticated computer models. The US Army Corps of Engineers developed the HEC-HMS model, which can be used for various hydrological simulations. Rainfall-runoff modeling aids in estimating peak flows, which is critical for water resource management planning. On December 18, 2017, a heavy rainfall event in the ungauged Irawan basin in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines, was simulated to determine the peak flow and amount of water. The current research aims to construct a rainfall-runoff simulation model. A specific hyetograph is used to make the hydrographs for the basin. This study utilizes ArcGIS and QGIS, which perform the geospatial analysis and provide the HEC-HMS model's hydrologic modeling inputs. The hydrological parameters were determined using soil type, land use, and land cover maps. Incorporating SCS loss, Clark unit hydrograph, and Muskingum flow routing, HEC-HMS was employed in the rainfall-runoff simulation. Rainfall data corresponding to the recorded streamflow was used to calibrate and validate the parameters. Several performance metrics, including Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and Percentage Bias (PBIAS), were utilized to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the system. An effective decision-making and warning system can be implemented using the developed model. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-01-017 Full Text: PDF
Relationship between the Young’s Moduli of Whole Microcapsules and Their Shell Material Established by Micromanipulation Measurements Based on Diametric Compression between Two Parallel Surfaces and Numerical Modelling

Micromanipulation is a powerful technique to measure the mechanical properties of microparticles including microcapsules. For microparticles with a homogenous structure, their apparent Young’s modulus can be determined from the force versus displacement data fitted by the classical Hertz model. Microcapsules can consist of a liquid core surrounded by a solid shell. Two Young’s modulus values can be defined, i.e., the one is that determined using the Hertz model and another is the intrinsic Young’s modulus of the shell material, which can be calculated from finite element analysis (FEA). In this study, the two Young’s modulus values of microplastic-free plant-based microcapsules with a core of perfume oil (hexyl salicylate) were calculated using the aforementioned approaches. The apparent Young’s modulus value of the whole microcapsules determined by the classical Hertz model was found to be EA = 0.095 ± 0.014 GPa by treating each individual microcapsule as a homogeneous solid spherical particle. The previously obtained simulation results from FEA were utilised to fit the micromanipulation data of individual core–shell microcapsules, enabling to determine their unique shell thickness to radius ratio (h/r)FEA = 0.132 ± 0.009 and the intrinsic Young’s modulus of their shell (EFEA = 1.02 ± 0.13 GPa). Moreover, a novel theoretical relationship between the two Young’s modulus values has been derived. It is found that the ratio of the two Young’s module values (EA/EFEA) is only a function on the ratio of the shell thickness to radius (h/r) of the individual microcapsule, which can be fitted by a third-degree polynomial function of h/r. Such relationship has proven applicable to a broad spectrum of microcapsules (i.e., non-synthetic, synthetic, and double coated shells) regardless of their shell chemistry.
Adjuvant BRAF-MEK Inhibitors versus Anti PD-1 Therapy in Stage III Melanoma: A Propensity-Matched Outcome Analysis

Simple Summary BRAF/MEK therapy and anti-PD-1 therapy have shown better recurrence-free survival of stage III melanoma in patients with BRAF V600 mutations in clinical trials. However, little is known about how these therapies compare to each other in everyday practice. The aim of our study was to describe the toxicity and survival of patients treated with BRAF/MEK therapy and anti-PD-1 therapy in daily practice. We demonstrated that grade ≥ 3 toxicity occurred in 11.5% of patients and was the most common cause of early treatment discontinuation (71.1%). We also show that at 12 months, patients treated with BRAF/MEK therapy have less progression than those treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. However, this is no longer the case at 18 months. Abstract Adjuvant BRAF/MEK- and anti-PD-1 inhibition have significantly improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) compared to placebo in resected stage III BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, data beyond the clinical trial setting are limited. This study describes the toxicity and survival of patients treated with adjuvant BRAF/MEK inhibitors and compares outcomes to adjuvant anti-PD-1. For this study, stage III BRAF V600 mutant cutaneous melanoma patients treated with adjuvant BRAF/MEK-inhibition or anti-PD-1 were identified from the Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry. BRAF/MEK- and anti-PD-1-treated patients were matched based on propensity scores, and RFS at 12 and 18 months were estimated. Between 1 July 2018 and 31 December 2021, 717 patients were identified. Of these, 114 patients with complete records were treated with BRAF/MEK therapy and 532 with anti-PD-1. Comorbidities (p = 0.04) and geographical region (p < 0.01) were associated with treatment choice. In 45.6% of BRAF/MEK-treated patients, treatment was prematurely discontinued. Grade ≥ 3 toxicity occurred in 11.5% of patients and was the most common cause of early discontinuation (71.1%). At 12 and 18 months, RFS in BRAF/MEK-treated patients was 85% and 70%, compared to 68% and 68% in matched anti-PD-1-treated patients (p = 0.03). In conclusion, comorbidities and geographical region determine the choice of adjuvant treatment in patients with resected stage III BRAF-mutant melanoma. With the currently limited follow-up, BRAF/MEK-treated patients have better RFS at 12 months than matched anti-PD-1-treated patients, but this difference is no longer observed at 18 months. Therefore, longer follow-up data are necessary to estimate long-term effectiveness.
Upconverting Nanoparticles as a New Bio-Imaging Strategy—Investigating Intracellular Trafficking of Endogenous Processes in Neural Tissue

In recent years, rare-earth-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been widely used in different life sciences due to their unique properties. Nanoparticles have become a multifunctional and promising new approach to neurobiological disorders and have shown extraordinary application potential to overcome the problems related to conventional treatment strategies. This study evaluated the internalization mechanisms, bio-distribution, and neurotoxicity of NaYF4:20%Yb3+,2%Er3+ UCNPs in rat organotypic hippocampal slices. TEM results showed that UCNPs were easily internalized by hippocampal cells and co-localized with selected organelles inside neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, the UCNPs were taken into the neurons via clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Propidium iodide staining and TEM analysis did not confirm the adverse effects of UCNPs on hippocampal slice viability and morphology. Therefore, UCNPs may be a potent tool for bio-imaging and testing new therapeutic strategies for brain diseases in the future.
Taxonomic Assignment-Based Genome Reconstruction from Apical Periodontal Metagenomes to Identify Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors

Primary apical periodontitis occurs due to various insults to the dental pulp including microbial infections, physical and iatrogenic trauma, whereas inadequate elimination of intraradicular infection during root canal treatment may lead to secondary apical periodontitis. We explored the complex intra-radicular microbial communities and their functional potential through genome reconstruction. We applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing, binning and functional profiling to identify the significant contributors to infection at the acute and chronic apical periodontal lesions. Our analysis revealed the five classified clusters representing Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Lacticaseibacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and one unclassified cluster of contigs at the genus level. Of them, the major contributors were Pseudomonas, with 90.61% abundance in acute conditions, whereas Enterobacter followed by Enterococcus with 69.88% and 15.42% abundance, respectively, in chronic conditions. Enterobacter actively participated in antibiotic target alteration following multidrug efflux-mediated resistance mechanisms, predominant in the chronic stage. The prediction of pathways involved in the destruction of the supportive tissues of the tooth in Enterobacter and Pseudomonas support their crucial role in the manifestation of respective disease conditions. This study provides information about the differential composition of the microbiome in chronic and acute apical periodontitis. It takes a step to interpret the role of a single pathogen, solely or predominantly, in establishing endodontic infection types through genome reconstruction following high throughput metagenomic DNA analysis. The resistome prediction sheds a new light on the therapeutic treatment guidelines for endodontists. However, it needs further conclusive research to support this outcome using a larger number of samples with similar etiological conditions, but different demographic origin.