Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coblation Versus Diode Laser Tonsillectomy: A Comparative Study

Introduction: The study aimed to compare the intra-individual 2 procedures of tonsillectomy (Coblation and diode laser) concerning the operative time, the amount of blood loss, postoperative pain, and other complications. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted at many Private Hospitals, Baghdad, Iraq from February 2019- February 2020. Coblation and diode laser tonsillectomy were performed on the same patient (one for each side) which was blinded to the patients or their caregivers and the surgeon who did the tonsillectomy. A double blinded randomization process of 1 to 1 of these two procedures according to the side involved was performed. Data concerning the age, gender, indications for tonsillectomy, operative time, the amount of the blood loss, post-tonsillectomy pain by VAS scores, and other complications were recorded for each patient. Results: Out of 62 participants, there were 34 (54.8%) females. The majority were from the age group ≤18 years (n = 54, 87.1%). The operative time and amount of the intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the Coblation than a diode laser tonsillectomy. However, the postoperative pain scores in the diode laser were a statistically significant difference less than the Coblation group at the periods 3 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Coblation was better than diode laser because of shorter operative time and less intraoperative blood loss. However, the diode laser technique had lesser postoperative pain at the postoperative periods 3 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days than Coblation.
Impacts of Ozone‐Vegetation Interactions on Ozone Pollution Episodes in North China and the Yangtze River Delta

Persistent ozone (O3) pollution episodes (OPEs, with regionally averaged maximum daily 8‐h average (MDA8) O3 concentration exceeding 80 ppbv and lasting for 5 days or longer) occurred frequently in megalopolis over eastern China in recent years. Here, we apply a newly developed chemistry‐biosphere model (GEOS‐Chem‐YIBs) to comprehensively quantify the vegetation contributions to OPEs in North China and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) over May to October in 2014–2017. The simulated MDA8 O3 concentrations increases 16.7 and 16.6 ppbv) during OPEs in North China and YRD, of which about 1.4 ppbv (8.4%) and 3.8 ppbv (22.9%) are caused by the processes including increased BVOC emissions and reduced stomatal dry deposition. Furthermore, the O3 damages to vegetation stomata slightly increase seasonal‐mean O3 concentrations by <1 ppbv, but such effects are not exacerbated during OPEs despite the high O3 exposure.
Temperature Dependence of Freshwater Phytoplankton Growth Rates and Zooplankton Grazing Rates

Phytoplankton growth rates and zooplankton grazing rates were estimated on 16 occasions over a period of 17 months in University Lake, a highly eutrophic lake on the campus of Louisiana State University. Phytoplankton growth rates and chlorophyll a concentrations averaged 1.0 ± 0.2 d−1 and 240 ± 120 mg m−3, respectively. Chlorophyll a concentrations were at or above the inflection point of the Holling type I curve that described the relationship between zooplankton grazing rates and chlorophyll a concentrations. In most cases, it was necessary to dilute lake water by more than a factor of 4 before zooplankton grazing rates became sensitive to chlorophyll a concentrations. Chlorophyll a concentrations were positively correlated with temperature and were roughly fourfold higher at 30 °C than at 15 °C. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the growth rates and grazing rates in this study and 87 other paired estimates of limnetic phytoplankton growth rates and zooplankton grazing rates revealed virtually identical temperature dependences of growth rates and grazing rates that were very similar to the temperature dependence predicted by the metabolic theory of ecology. Phytoplankton growth rates exceeded zooplankton grazing rates by 0.13 ± 0.05 d−1 at all temperatures over a temperature range of 8.5–31.5 °C. The Q10 for both phytoplankton growth rates and zooplankton grazing rates was 1.5 over that temperature range.
Public debt and aggregate investment in the EU

ABSTRACT In this paper, I study the public debt-aggregate investment nexus in a panel of EU countries. The empirical approach is based on the common factor framework, which allows accounting for cross-country heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results indicate that public debt has, on average, an adverse effect that is more pronounced in the public investment case. Moreover, there are evidence indicating the presence of a nonlinear relationship between debt and investment.
Comparative Study on the Calendar Aging Behavior of Six Different Lithium-Ion Cell Chemistries in Terms of Parameter Variation

The degradation of lithium-ion cells is an important aspect, not only for quality management, but also for the customer of the application like, e.g., scooters or electric vehicles. During the lifetime of the system, the overall health on the battery plays a key role in its depreciation. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the health of the battery during operation, i.e., cycle life, but also during stationary conditions, i.e., calendar aging. In this work, the degradation due to calendar aging is analyzed for six different cell chemistries in terms of capacity degradation and impedance increase and their performance are being compared. In a new proposed metric, the relative deviations between various cells with the exact identical aging history are being analyzed for their degradation effects and their differences, which stands out in comparison to similar research. The capacity loss was found to be most drastic at 60 °C and at higher storage voltages, even for titanate-oxide cells. LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC), LiNiCoAlO2 (NCA) and Li2TiO3 (LTO) cells at 60 °C showed the most drastic capacity decrease. NMC and NCA cells at 60 °C and highest storage voltage did not show any open circuit voltage, as their current interrupt mechanism triggered. The effect of aging shows no uniform impact on the changes in the capacity variance when comparing different aging conditions, with respect to the evaluated standard deviation for all cells. The focus of this work was on the calendar aging effect and may be supplemented in a second study for cyclic aging.
Complex System Governance as a Foundation for Enhancing the Cybersecurity of Cyber-Physical Systems

This article investigates the possible benefits of complex system governance (CSG) as a foundation for enhancing cybersecurity in critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS are intrinsically linked to cyberspace and vulnerable to a wide range of risks stemming from physical and cyber threats. There remains a lack of robust frameworks for addressing the issue of cybersecurity for CPS at the metasystem level. In response, the authors suggest CSG as an organizing construct capable of providing a greater degree of cohesion and as a means to provide for design, execution, and evolution of ‘metasystemic' functions necessary to provide for communication, control, and coordination, and integration is critical to the cybersecurity of CPS. In this article, CSG is introduced as a potential construct for enhancing cybersecurity in CPS. A hypothetical case study application is then provided to illustrate the potential for this research. Finally, the authors offer conclusions and suggest future research. Keywords Case Study, Complex System Governance, Cyber-Physical Systems, Management Cybernetics, Metasystem Function, Power Grid, Systems Thinking
Innovative Work Behavior among Teachers in Malaysia: The Effects of Teamwork, Principal Support, and Humor

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) gives impetus to educational reform. Education experts have recently recognised the benefits of using technology in learning and teaching. They believe that innovations will shape Education 4.0 and that teachers will need to be prepared to build creative learning environments that support student creativity. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between teamwork, principal support, humor, and innovative work behaviour (IWB) among teachers. This study was conducted using a questionnaire, with a sample size of 354 school teachers in Malaysia. Multiple linear regression analysis has shown that teachers with high quality of teamwork and principal support were more likely to report innovative work behaviour. The findings indicated that teachers who frequently use humour can create more innovative behaviour. This paper can help managers and policymakers in the education sector, to develop a better understanding of these aspects, and their influence on teachers' innovative behaviour at work. In doing so, it would be helpful if teachers learnt effective procedures for innovative behaviour in class, via means of teamwork, humor, and principal support, to enhance their educational efforts. It is, therefore useful to establish university courses for pre-service teachers, focusing on new collaborative innovation strategies to encourage creativity and innovation in educational settings, and to apply collaborative creativity exercises in the classroom.
The impact of rubber effluent discharges on the water quality of a tropical rain forest river in Nigeria

The impact of a rubber effluent on the water quality of Oken River, Nigeria, was assessed. Surface water was analysed for water quality parameters at four sites; one upstream and three downstream. Significantly raised (p ≤ 0.05) levels of electrical conductivity, salinity, colour, turbidity, TSS, TDS, DO, COD, HCO3 -, Ca, Cl, P, Mn, Cu, Pb and THC at the site immediately downstream of the pollution point source were recorded, with levels of colour, turbidity, Cd and Ni in all the stations higher than the WHO permissible limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded 28 variables under six components that accounted for 92.33% of the total variance between sites. The PCA and water quality index (WQI) revealed significant influence by anthropogenic activities on the water quality of the river. Furthermore, the WQI output showed that the river water was not fit for human consumption. The cluster analysis revealed similarity in the physico-chemical conditions at Stations 1 and 4, whereas Stations 1 and 2 were the most dissimilar. This study advocates monitoring and protection of water bodies upstream and downstream of the influx of untreated effluents.
Towards a Chemical Mechanism of the Oxidation of Aqueous Sulfur
Dioxide via Isoprene Hydroxyl Hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH)

Abstract. In-cloud chemistry has important ramifications for atmospheric particulate matter formation and gas-phase chemistry. Recent work has shown that, like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the two main isomers of isoprene hydroxyl hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH) oxidize sulfur dioxide dissolved in cloud droplets (SO2,aq) to sulfate. The work revealed that the pathway of SO2,aq oxidation with ISOPOOH differs from that of H2O2. We investigate the chemical mechanisms of oxidation of SO2,aq with ISOPOOH in the cloud-relevant pH range of 3–6 and compare them with the previously reported mechanisms of oxidation of SO2,aq with H2O2, methyl hydroperoxide and peroxyacetic acid. The organic products of the reaction are identified and two pathways are proposed. For 1,2-ISOPOOH, a higher yield pathway via proposed radical intermediates yields methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and formaldehyde, which can react to hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) when SO2,aq is present. A lower yield non-fragmentation oxygen addition pathway is proposed that results in formation of isoprene-derived diols (ISOPOH). Based on global simulations, this mechanism is not a significant pathway for formation of MVK and formaldehyde relative to their gas-phase formation but, as previously reported, it can be regionally important for sulfate production. The study adds to previous work that highlights similarities and differences between gas-phase and cloud-droplet processing of reactive organic carbon.
Study of patients with diminished ovarian reserve and our approach to their treatment: retrospective analytic study

Background: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a perplexing entity. For the physician, optimisation of all aspects of management is needed to fruitfully utilise the available pool of gametes and time.Methods: In this multicentric retrospective analytic study, we re-evaluated all cases of DOR. All aspects of management were critically assessed.Results: We saw that idiopathic DOR was the most common etiology. AMH titres are reflection of oocyte yield. Stop agonist-antagonist and micro dose flare gives a higher oocyte yield. More number of good quality blastocyst was available in antagonist cycles. Growth hormone as adjuvant is helpful in DOR cases.Conclusions: DOR needs special care and urgency in treatment. Appropriate selection of protocol and adjuvants to treatment gives adequate pregnancy rate.
IoT Technologies as Instruments for SMEs’ Innovation and Sustainable Growth

This paper studies specific aspects related to the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and the impact they have on the sustainable growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Romanian IT industry. It was considered that digital marketing in general, and IoT in particular, have enormous potential for the aforementioned entities, and the acceptance and adoption of IoTs by companies in different sectors can significantly influence the way they operate, leading to sustainable growth. Primary data obtained from quantitative marketing research based on a questionnaire were analyzed. The results showed that although a large proportion of the Romanian IT industry SMEs use advanced marketing technologies, relatively few of those have integrated IoT solutions to date, mainly due to specific cost challenges. Nevertheless, the outcomes highlight that these companies are aware of the IoT’s benefits and place the adoption of such solutions among their priorities in order to achieve sustainable growth of their businesses. Based on the research results, the main proposal for the business environment is to design viable marketing programs for these companies, as well as to allocate resources for business development aimed at educating human resources to effectively address specific internal and external activities through IoT for sustainable development.
Subcutaneous Craniofacial Emphysema Following Endodontic Treatment: Case Report with Literature Review

Subcutaneous emphysema is a well-known and recognized complication in oral surgery, due to high pressure rotating instrument use, mostly related to impacted tooth surgery. Although root canal treatment in endodontic therapy is considered as a safe and standard procedure, affected by a low incidence of complication, subcutaneous emphysema due to the choice of mechanical tools or as a consequence of the use of air stream to dry the operating field should be considered as a potential cause. The air can spread through soft tissue from the apex or from an iatrogenic root perforation, suddenly leading to this unusual complication. It is very important for a dental practitioner to promptly identify the adverse event and to know how to manage this situation. We report a case of a 57-year-old woman with immediate subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema after root canal therapy of the right inferior second premolar and its management. A brief review of the literature is also displayed.
Understanding the heritage experience: a content analysis of online reviews of World Heritage Sites in Istanbul

ABSTRACT This study explores dimensions of heritage tourism experiences utilizing the user-generated content (UGC) on a travel sharing website and offers insight for understanding the factors that can affect the heritage tourists’ evaluation of travel experiences at a destination. For this purpose, a content analysis of 5212 heritage experience reviews posted for heritage sites on a UGC travel website, TripAdvisor, is conducted. An analysis of reviews revealed 59 items forming six dimensions that include authenticity, the importance of guides, cultural values, sense of heritage, local hospitality and awe. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed as well as limitations. Suggestions for further research are provided.
Age, Sex and Strain Respond Differently to Acute Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Exposure

The dose-dependent response to variable methylphenidate (MPD) doses on the behavior of male and female adolescent (post-natal day 39) and adult (post-natal day 60) rats of three different genetic strains was studied to examine whether there are sex, age and strain dependent differences in response to MPD. Twenty-four male and twenty-four female groups were used. The 48 groups each had an N=8. The results show that female adolescents and adult rats of Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Spontaneous Hyperactive Rat (SHR) strains were more sensitive to the acute exposure of MPD. Furthermore, female adult rats of the SD, SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strains generally responded with greater increase in locomotor activity than the adolescent females of these strains. In the WKY strain, adolescent males tended to experience a greater increase in activity than adult males. Lastly, significant differences in response to MPD also were observed among the three genetic strains. These variable responses to the acute dose of MPD reinforce the need to study the effects of this psychostimulant across the various sexes, ages and strains.
Optische Anregung organischer Systeme

Stellung der zweiten Art zu erwarten haben, dabei in der ausgeprägten Gestaltung, die die in großem Umfange berücksichtigten Arbeiten der Stuttgarter Schule auszeichnet. Eine solche Darstellung erfordert vom Verfasser viel Überlegung und Mühe, besonders wenn der Umfang sich in Grenzen halten soll, wie dies erstaunlich gut gelungen ist. Sie setzt beim Leser zum vollen Verständnis eine ausreichende Kenntnis der theoretischen Grundlagen (Quantentheorie, Tensoranalysis) voraus, doch enthält das Buch auch wesentliche Zusammenhänge, die bei der heutigen Ausbildung von den Absolventen der der Physik benachbarten Naturund Ingenieurwissenschaften verstanden und mit Gewinn verwertet werden können. Im Hinblick auf diesen Kreis der Interessenten wäre es vielleicht vorteilhaft gewesen, noch mehr von Bildern Gebrauch zu machen und die Herkunft derselben besser zu kennzeichnen. Das Buch ist unterteilt in die zwei etwa gleich großen Kapitel „Zustände metallischer Kristalle" und „Kinetik der irresiblen Vorgänge". Die Abschnitte des ersten Kapitels sind: Elektronentheoretische Grundlagen, thermodynamisches Gleichgewicht, Kristallchemie, Gitterbaufehler; die des zweiten: Mechanismen atomarer Umsetzungen, Relaxation und Dämpfung, ferromagnetische Hysterese, plastisches Fließen und Bruch, Erholung und Rekristallisation.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer in Car Radiation System Using Improved Coolant

In the this study , numerical analysis of heat transfer in the radiation system of the car has been investigated by using pure water and water with nano-fluid. ANSYS fluent version 16.1 has been conducted to carry out the simulation process using Computational Fluid Dynamic (FCD) approach. This study has been validated with experimental results and based on the simulation results the error was 8% when applying the same boundary condition. And the validation process was carried out for the flow rate with Nusselt number in both concertation 0.7 % and 1 %. Based on numerical analysis, the Nusselt number has been increased by increasing nano particle concertation. Increased number of Nusselt causes the enactment of the heat exchanger. The previous experimental data show that the heat transfer of the nanofluids was based highly on the concentration of nano particles, the flux conditions and the weak temperature-dependent heat transfer conditions.
Historical and social–cultural processes as drivers for genetic structure in Nordic domestic reindeer

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway 2Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway 3University of Helsinki, Kuusamo, Finland 4University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 5Natural Research Institute Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland 6Ájtte Museum, Jokkmokk, Sweden 7Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 8Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway 9Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
Acidic compost tea enhances phosphorus availability and cotton yield in calcareous soils by decreasing soil pH

ABSTRACT The long-term application of chemical fertilisers in calcareous soil causes the stable P in soil to accumulate and not be effectively utilised. In this study, whether acidic compost tea (CT) could increase the available P in calcareous soil was evaluated through a pot experiment. The P forms of the samples were analysed using Hedley sequential P fractionation. CT had significant effects on different soil P fractions and P uptake (p < 0.05). Compared with organic fertiliser (OF), acidic CT increased the availability of H2O-P and NaHCO3-P by 15.9% and 12.6%, respectively, it mainly comes from the dissolution of HCl-P and residue-P. CT also promoted the growth and yield of cotton and significantly increased P use efficiency by 13.8% and 31.6% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with OF, because the H+ in CT reduced the pH of the calcareous soil, promoted the dissolution of stable P in soil, and reduced the fixation of P from the fertiliser. However, the organic matter in CT did not contribute much to the desorption of P. These findings provide a new idea for the activation and utilisation of P in calcareous soil.
Expanding the Phenotypic and Genetic Spectrum of Neuromuscular Diseases Caused by DYNC1H1 Mutations

Objectives Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 1 (SMALED1) and Charcot–Marie-Tooth diseasetype 2O (CMT2O) are two kinds of hereditary neuromuscular diseases caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. In this study, we reported two patients with SMALED1 caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. The genotype–phenotype correlations were further analyzed by systematically reviewing previous relevant publications. Materials and Methods Two patients' with SMALED1 and their parents' clinical data were collected, and detailed clinical examinations were performed. WES was then applied, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched, and all publications that met the inclusion criteria were carefully screened. Any individual patient without a detailed description of clinical phenotypes was excluded. Results The two patients manifested delayed motor milestones and muscle wasting of both lower extremities. The diagnosis was further confirmed as SMALED1. Genetic testing revealed heterozygous DYNC1H1 mutations c.1792C>T and c.790C>G; the latter is a novel dominant mutation. Genotype–phenotype analysis of DYNC1H1 variants and neuromuscular diseases revealed that mutations in the DYN1 region of DYNC1H1 protein were associated with a more severe phenotype, more complicated symptoms, and more CNS involvement than the DHC_N1 region. Conclusion Our study potentially expanded the knowledge of the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of neuromuscular diseases caused by DYNC1H1 mutations. The genotype–phenotype correlation may reflect the pathogenesis underlying the dyneinopathy caused by DYNC1H1 mutations.