Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health benefits of oat (Avena sativa) and nutritional improvement through plant breeding interventions

ABSTRACT Since the Bronze Age, oat (Avena sativa L.) has been used mainly as an animal feed. Currently, it is in high demand for human consumption because of its nutritional properties, which improve health and wellbeing. Oat is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, lipid, minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds. However, quality traits are usually polygenic and subjected to non-heritable factors, making quality improvement difficult. Several conventional breeding approaches such as pure line selection, pedigree selection, mutagenesis, wide crosses and polyploidy have been extensively used to develop new and improved oat varieties, commonly for forage purposes. Molecular approaches such as use of molecular markers, QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, genetic engineering, genomic selection and speed breeding are being utilised to identify traits/genes of interest, produce plants carrying the desired agronomic and climatic resilience traits, and accelerate genetic gain. There has been minimal focus on nutrient enrichment and the development of high-quality, enriched oat genetic resources. Herein, we address and compile much-needed, up-to-date information on comparative analysis of oat nutritional and phytochemical properties with those of other cereals. We also consider the importance and involvement of conventional breeding in the modern approaches. This updated information provides guidance for oat breeders to develop nutrient-enriched varieties and points to future prospects towards oat quality improvement.
The influence of Reynolds number upon the apparent permeability of spatially periodic arrays of cylinders

Flow fields within spatially periodic arrays of cylinders arranged in square and hexagonal lattices are calculated, with microscale Reynolds number ranging between zero and 200, employing a finite element numerical scheme. The terminology of an ‘‘apparent permeability’’ is introduced to establish a relationship existing between mean velocity and macroscopic pressure gradient characterized by a finite Reynolds number flow. In contrast with the low Reynolds number ‘‘true ’’ permeability, the apparent permeability is shown here to generally depend upon the direction of the applied pressure gradient, owing to nonlinearities existing within the local fluid motion. The orientation‐dependent permeabilities of both square and hexagonal monodisperse arrays are observed to diminish with increasing Reynolds number. Similar behavior is also observed for a bidisperse square array, though the apparent permeability of the latter is shown less sensitive to Darcy velocity orientation at large Reynolds numbers in compariso.
Agent‐based modeling to integrate elements from different disciplines for ambitious climate policy

Ambitious climate mitigation policies face social and political resistance. One reason is that existing policies insufficiently capture the diversity of relevant insights from the social sciences about potential policy outcomes. We argue that agent‐based models can serve as a powerful tool for integration of elements from different disciplines. Having such a common platform will enable a more complete assessment of climate policies, in terms of criteria like effectiveness, equity and public support.
Clinicoradiological profile and outcome of cavernous sinus syndrome with coronavirus disease-2019-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis

Objective: With coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic across the world, there had been an exponential increase in rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). Extension of infection to cavernous sinus leads to cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS). This study aims to describe incidence, clinicoradiological profile, and outcome of CSS positive along with comparative analysis of CSS negative COVID-19-associated ROCM. Material and Method: This was a prospective and observational study conducted from May 1, 2021, to July 31, 2021. Subjects included ROCM with active or recovered COVID-19 (past 6 weeks) and were categorized and staged. CSS was defined as involvement of two or more of third, fourth, fifth, or sixth cranial nerve with one each direct and indirect qualitative neuroradiological features. Clinicoradiological features of CSS-positive and negative COVID-19-associated ROCM groups were compared. Results: Incidence of CSS with COVID-19-associated ROCM was 28%. Mean age of subjects was 44 ± 15 years with 60% being males and 73% were proven ROCM. Significant differences seen across the CSS-positive and negative groups were ocular, nasal, and cerebral findings including eyelid and periocular discoloration, ptosis, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, nasal discharge, mucosal inflammation, and fever. Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves were significantly involved more in CSS-positive group. Significant radiological findings across two groups included indirect features in orbit, nose, and paranasal sinuses along with direct features in cavernous sinus. Surgical intervention was more common in CSS-positive group. Mortality in CSS-positive group at 8–24 weeks was 13 and 27%, respectively. Conclusion: Extension of ROCM to CSS was more common in young males in advanced stages of proven ROCM with concurrent COVID-19. CSS-positive group had significant difference in clinicoradiological features involving orbit, nose, paranasal sinuses, and central nervous system as compared to CSS-negative group. This study highlights the need to develop an objective scoring system considering clinical and radiological features for diagnosis of CSS with COVID-19-associated ROCM.
Simulating convectively coupled Kelvin waves using Lagrangian overturning for a convective parametrization

The first tests of a new Lagrangian atmospheric model (LAM) focus on its representation of moist convective processes. The LAM is constructed by modifying a Lagrangian ocean model to accommodate compressible fluid parcels. The model includes a simple convective parametrization referred to as ‘Lagrangian Overturning (LO)’, in which air parcels exchange vertical positions in convectively unstable regions. Radiative convective equilibrium experiments conducted with a single‐column version of the LAM show that combining LO with simple parametrizations for surface fluxes, radiation and the evaporation of rain produces realistic temperature and moisture profiles for the Tropics. When LO is used in a tropical aquaplanet model, convectively coupled Kelvin waves spontaneously develop that have realistic temperature and zonal wind perturbations. These results have implications both for the potential usefulness of Lagrangian models for simulating moist convective processes, and for the mechanism of convectively coupled equatorial waves. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Frequency of Prodromal Symptoms in Patients Suffering from Migraines with Aura

Aim: Prodromal findings of migraine may be overlooked when patients are not questioned well. The International Classification of Headache Disorders classifies the prodromal phase as the symptomatic phase, which may last from 2 to 48 h and manifests before the onset of pain in migraine without aura and before the aura in migraine with aura. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and duration of prodromal symptoms and their relationship with the presence of aura in migraine patients. Methods: This observational study was designed as a survey where participants took an online questionnaire between July and November 2020. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; in the first part, the diagnostic criteria for migraine were questioned. After the participants completed the migraine diagnostic criteria, they moved on to the second part, in which headache characteristics, the presence and type of the aura, and prodromal symptoms were asked. Results: This study included 521 participants with migraine according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Two hundred seventy-one participants responded that they had auras; 169 of these experienced visual auras. Considering the frequency of prodromes, the three most common symptoms in participants with migraine with or without aura were sensitivity to light, sensitivity to sound, and mood changes. When the two groups were compared, the percentages for the prodromal symptoms except for neck pain were found to be higher in patients with migraine with aura (p<0.05 for each). Conclusion: Our study’s findings suggest that migraine patients with or without aura do not recognize the symptoms in this phase well enough. Also, the most crucial finding was that prodromal symptoms were more common in migraine patients with aura. This could be evaluated as the patients with migraine aura might have interpreted prolonged prodromal symptoms as aura. To predict the onset of attacks in migraine patients and enhance their treatment compliance, knowing and recognizing prodromal symptoms is essential
Domination by Positive Strictly Singular Operators

The problem of domination for positive compact operators between Banach lattices was solved by Dodds and Fremlin in [6]: given a Banach lattice E with order continuous dual norm, an order continuous Banach lattice F and two positive operators 0 ⩽ S ⩽ T : E → F, the operator S is compact if T is. A similar problem has been considered in the class of weakly compact operators by Abramovich [1] and in a general form by Wickstead [26]. Precisely, Wickstead's result shows that the operator S is weakly compact if T is whenever one of the following two conditions holds: either E′ is order continuous or F is order continuous. When it comes to Dunford–Pettis operators, Kalton and Saab [15] have proved that the operator S is Dunford–Pettis if T is, provided that the Banach lattice F is order continuous. On the other hand, Aliprantis and Burkinshaw settled the problem of domination for compact [2] and weakly compact [3] endomorphisms (that is, the case when E = F). For example, they proved that if either the norm on E or the norm on E′ is order continuous, then the compactness of T is inherited by the power operator S2. Also, they showed that, for E an arbitrary Banach lattice, T being compact always implies that S3 is compact. More recently, Wickstead studied converses for the Dodds–Fremlin and Kalton–Saab theorems in [27] and for the Aliprantis–Burkinshaw theorems in [28].
A study to evaluate post operative drop in serum albumin level as marker for surgical stress and predictor for clinical outcome in laparotomy patients

Background: Surgical involvements trigger metabolic stress responses of different magnitude, contributing to delayed recovery, complication rate and length of hospital stay. Insulin resistance, serum albumin levels, cytokines such as interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and other cytokines are used in clinical studies as measure for surgical stress. Clinical practitioners routinely measure C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the blood after surgery to assess postoperative inflammation and predict the likelihood of postsurgical side effects. The slow kinetics of CRP, which makes it a poor predictor of stress-related complications, is a significant drawback. Albumin is widely used as nutritional marker and predictor. It shows an immediate response to surgical stress and could therefore qualify to measure surgical stress and to predict a complicated postoperative course. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate post-operative drop in serum albumin as a marker for surgical stress and predictor for clinical outcome in laparotomy patients.Methods: Patients admitted under surgical units from December 2020 to June 2022, at Mamata Medical College and Hospital, Khammam. A study was carried out on 50 patients admitted, undergoing Laparotomy electively and Emergency. All these patients have been assessed both preoperatively and postoperatively and their complications have been documented.Results: Serum albumin levels were compared pre-operatively and postoperatively using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. There is statistical significance between pre-operative serum albumin levels and postoperative serum albumin levels from post-operative day (POD) 1 to POD 5.Conclusions: The serum albumin measurement is simple, cost effective and easy to perform. Using the serum albumin as a marker, reliable predictions can be made regarding the surgical complications, duration of stay in the hospital and the severity of surgical stress.
The course of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region and comparison of two methods used for sciatic nerve blockage

Objectives: The aim of this study was to reevaluate the anatomy of the sciatic nerve (SN) in the gluteal region by identifying reliable landmarks in order to suggest a safe insertion point for SN blockage (SNB), and to compare two methods used for SNB. Methods: Bilateral dissections of the SN were performed on ten embalmed cadavers. The course of the SN in relation to a line drawn between the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and the ischial tuberosity (IT) was determined. The files of 100 patients, 50 of whom had SNB with the Labat’s method (group L) and 50 with the parasacral approach (group P), were reviewed retrospectively. The results of the two methods were compared. Results: The vertical distance between the PSIS to the IT was 13.1±6.5cm. The vertical distance between the intersection points of the inferior border of the piriformis with the medial and lateral margins of the SN were 7.8±0.7 and 9.1±0.6 cm, respectively. Medial and lateral margins of the SN were found to be 1.8±0.5 and 2.9±0.6 cm lateral to the IT. Insertion depth of the needle and time for the intervention were similar for both of the methods, but need for additional nerve blockages were significantly higher in group L than in group P. Conclusion: We defined a safe insertion point for SNB in the gluteal region, using prominent, fixed bony and easily detectable landmarks. The clinical results of both groups were similar, but need for additional nerve blockages were significantly higher in group L.
Safety of Four COVID-19 Vaccines across Primary Doses 1, 2, 3 and Booster: A Prospective Cohort Study of Australian Community Pharmacy Vaccinations

Four COVID-19 vaccines are approved for use in Australia: Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 (Comirnaty), AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 (Vaxzevria), Moderna mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) and Novavax NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid). We sought to examine adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) at days 3 and 42 after primary doses 1, 2, 3 and booster. We conducted active vaccine safety surveillance from 130 community pharmacies in Australia integrated with AusVaxSafety, between August 2021–April 2022. Main outcomes: AEFI at 0–3 days post-vaccination; medical review/advice at 3 days and 42 days post-vaccination; SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection by day 42. Of 110,024 completed day 3 surveys (43.6% response rate), 50,367 (45.8%) reported any AEFI (highest proportions: Pfizer 42%, primary dose 3; AstraZeneca 58.3%, primary dose 1; Moderna 65.4% and Novavax 58.8%, both primary dose 2). The most common AEFI reported across all doses/vaccines were local reactions, systemic aches and fatigue/tiredness. Overall, 2172/110,024 (2.0%) and 1182/55,329 (2.1%) respondents sought medical review at days 3 and 42, respectively, and 931/42,318 (2.2%) reported breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection at day 42. We identified similar AEFI profiles but at lower proportions than previously reported for Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna and Novavax COVID-19 vaccines. Moderna vaccine was the most reactogenic and associated with higher AEFI proportions across primary doses 2, 3, and booster.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Drop Growth by Accretion

Abstract Statistical effects in the growth of drops by accretion are reexamined using Monte Carlo simulations of the stochastic growth process. In the simulations, up-to-date fallspeeds and collision efficiencies are used to evaluate the capture probabilities. The stabilized distribution of growth times is obtained from the simulations and, from it, size distributions are deduced. The effects of varying initial drop size and droplet size in a random, monodisperse cloud are investigated in detail. It is found that for droplet radii between 8 and 14 μm, statistical effects are unimportant for drops initially larger than 40 μm radius but become very significant for initial radii smaller than 30 μm.
Assessment of the prevalence of pain, adequacy of pain management and influencing factors in patients undergoing radiotherapy

Pain is prevalent among patients with cancer who are being treated with radiotherapy. However, the prevalence of pain varies across regions, and pain management is affected by several factors. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of pain, assess the adequacy of pain management and identify factors affecting pain in patients undergoing radiotherapy. A total of 94 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of pain was determined through the Brief Pain Inventory tool, while the adequacy of pain management was assessed through the Pain Management Index. Demographic, clinical and treatment-related factors were obtained and analysed for association with the presence of pain and the adequacy of pain management. Of the 94 patients, 59 (62.8%) experienced pain while 35 (47.2%) did not. The mean pain intensity score of patients was 3.6 (standard deviation: 2.3). Most patients (67.8%) experienced mild pain with low pain interference (67.8%) on daily functions. Of the 59 patients who experienced pain, 34 (57.6%) had inadequate pain relief while 25 (42.2%) had adequate pain control. Being admitted at the hospital during radiotherapy was significantly associated with adequate pain relief. Use of analgesic was also significantly associated with pain management, with a higher rate of weak and strong opioid use in those with adequately treated pain. In this single-institution study, the prevalence of pain was high. Pain management was inadequate in more than half of the patients experiencing pain. A disparity in the prescription of analgesics, particularly opioids, was observed. Patients with inadequate pain management were less likely to receive opioids, which likely reflects the presence of several barriers that limit its access to patients.
Photoluminescence characterization of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well carrier dynamics

Variable temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurement of a thermal-annealed 6 nm GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) is carried out to understand its low-temperature carrier dynamic characteristics. It is found that the effect of carrier localization, which remained after a thermal anneal, is due possibly to a center characterized by a transition with activation energy of 13.7 meV below the e1 state. This result is deduced from fitting the integrated PL intensity versus the temperature data with a single-activation-energy model. A comparable value of 11 meV was also obtained between the low-energy (main localized state) and high-energy (e1 state) Gaussian functions used to fit the low-temperature PL spectrum. The localization effect in the thermal-annealed GaInNAs/GaAs QW is further confirmed by time-resolved PL measurements at 17 K, which showed emission-energy-dependent PL decay time characteristic for the low-energy regime (below 1.045 eV) and nearly constant decay time of about 0.14 ns at the high-energy.
Efficient calculation of lattice sums for free-space periodic Green's function

An efficient method to calculate the lattice sums is presented for a one-dimensional (1-D) periodic array of line sources. The method is based on the recurrence relations for Hankel functions and the Fourier integral representation of the zeroth-order Hankel function. The lattice sums of arbitrary high order are then expressed by an integral of elementary functions, which is easily computed using a simple scheme of numerical integration. The calculated lattice sums are used to evaluate the free-space periodic Green's function. The numerical results show that the proposed method provides a highly accurate evaluation of the Green's function with far less computation time, even when the observation point is located near the plane of the array.
Subsonic to Supersonic Wake Stabilization Using Discrete Porosity

The feasibility of using discrete suction to improve the laser optics environment associated with a hemisphere-and-cylinder turret was investigated using computational fluid dynamics. Simulations were conducted at Mach numbers of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.5. The discrete suction control generates and positions a large-scale counter-rotating vortex pair that induces a strong downwash over the hemispheric beam director. Flow attachment is maintained regardless of the position of the optical window and whether a shock is present. The density fluctuation in the wake is greatly reduced. Consequently, an improvement in the optical environment over the baseline can be expected for the Mach number range studied.
Do Workers Speak Up When Feeling Job Insecure? Examining Workers’ Response to Precarity During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic inflicted unprecedented precarity upon workers, including concerns about job insecurity. We examine whether workers respond to job insecurity with voice, and assess the role of unions, managers, and employment arrangements in this relationship. Analyses of an original 2020 survey representative of Illinois and Michigan workers show that job insecurity is not significantly associated with voice. Further, while we find that union membership and confidence in organized labor are positively associated with voice, insecure workers are less likely to speak up than secure workers as confidence in organized labor increases. Last, we find that insecure nonstandard workers are less likely to use voice than their secure counterparts.
First-principles prediction of icosahedral quantum dots for tetravalent semiconductors

Despite the scientific importance of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), little is known about their structure other than the bulk form. Here, we show that one can join segments of tetravalent semiconductors into a seamless icosahedron. Calculations for Si show that pristine icosahedral QDs are more stable than bulklike ones for diameter d< 5n m. Hydrogenated icosahedral quantum dots (IQDs) could also be stable and more atomiclike with larger level spacing and fivefold orbital degeneracy due to the Ih symmetry not possible in the bulk. Experimental feasibility toward synthesizing the IQDs in Si and diamond is also discussed.
On Analysis of the Secular Variation

It is noted that the time-scale of the secular variation of the geomagnetic field is rather short compared with the electromagnetic diffusion times appropriate to the earth's core. It is therefore suggested that the secular variation is primarily due to the rearrangement of pre-existing lines of force emanating from the core, and not due to the creation of new (or destruction of old) flux tubes by electromagnetic diffusion. The theoretical consequences of this idea are fully examined.
The Crab Nebula. I - Spectrophotometry of the filaments

Relative line intensities in the 3700-7400 A region are obtained from new spectrophotometric measurements of ten positions in the Crab Nebula. O III forbidden line intensities imply electron temperatures of 11,000-18,300 K, while generally lower temperatures are indicated by the O II, N II and S II forbidden lines. The 6717 and 6731 A forbidden S II line ratio yields electron density estimates of 550-3500/cu cm, with a typical filament value of 1300 cu cm. While Balmer decrements are generally consistent with pure recombination, some filaments show steeper decrements. He line intensities are found to have significant variation. The presence of a moderately strong line at 7378 A, which may be due to the Ni II forbidden line is confirmed. Some filaments are found to exhibit a wide range of ionization states.