Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of factors that may influence faculty in selected schools of education in the commonwealth of virginia to adopt computers in the classroom

There is an increasing awareness in the literature concerning the lack of K–12 teachers using computers in the classroom. (This is spite of the overwhelming need for students to be computer literate in order to function in future society.) In an effort to overcome this lack of computer use on the part of K–12 teachers, the Commonwealth of Virginia along with most other states have made K–12 teacher computer training one of the top priorities in education. However, an issue that does not seem to be addressed in the literature and the states' education policies is the fact that many university/college education faculty do not use computers in their classrooms. Thus giving newly graduated K–12 teachers few, if any, teaching with computers educational models. What factors (predictors) must be in place for those faculty members Schools of Education to be motivated to use computers in their classrooms is the focus of this study. Through literature review, and use of Ford's Motivational Systems Theory (MST) as the conceptual framework in this study, seven possible predictors were identified and researched. The research design used in this study was causal-comparative. The subjects were faculty members from five universities located in Virginia, who responded to a survey questionnaire. Sixty-three full-time faculty members with the ranks of instructor to full professor were included in this study. Seven research questions were asked and analyzed utilizing a stepwise multiple linear regression. The dependent variable in this study was computer use in the classroom, the MST predictor variables were: (1) perceived relevance; (2) desire to learn; (3) emotional reaction to technology; (4) beliefs about computer competence; (5) beliefs about technology. Two additional predictors though not included in the MST were administrative support and peer support. Additional demographic predictor variables, age, gender, and tenure were also tested against the dependent variable. The reported findings indicated that beliefs in computers (competence) were the strongest predictor, with beliefs of technology being the second. All predictors taken together showed strong predictive capabilities. Further research is recommended that will replicate this student to include a sample of faculty members from private universities, faculty from other disciplines, and faculty from larger universities.
Influence of local orogeny and ­reservoir characteristics of enclosing rocks on the location of gas traps within the coal bearing deposits

V. f. Prykhodchenko1, Dr. Sc. (Geol.), Prof., orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-8758, n. V. Khomenko1, orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-3054, M. V. zhykalyak2, Cand. Sc. (Geol.), Dr. Sc. (econ.), D. V. Prykhodchenko1, Cand. Sc. (Geol.), Assoc. Prof., orcid.org/0000-0003-3035-5702, l. o. Tokar1, orcid.org/0000-0002-9448-5883 1 ‒ Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine, e­mail: pvfpvf@meta.ua 2 ‒ State Regional Geological Enterprise “Donetskheolohiia” of the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine, Bakhmut, Ukraine, e­mail: dongeo@ukr.net
Lithospheric Structure of Northwestern Venezuela From Wide‐Angle Seismic Data: Implications for the Understanding of Continental Margin Evolution

Northwestern Venezuela is located in the complex deformation zone between the Caribbean and South American plates. Several models regarding the lithospheric structure of the Mérida Andes have been proposed. Nevertheless, they lack relevant structural information in order to support the interpretation of deeper structures. Therefore, a 560‐km‐long refraction profile across the northern part of Mérida Andes, oriented in a NNW direction, covering areas from the Proterozoic basement in the south, to both Paleozoic and Meso‐Cenozoic terranes of northwestern Venezuela to the north, is analyzed in this contribution. Thirteen land shots were recorded by 545 short‐deployment seismometers, constraining P wave velocity models from first‐arrival seismic tomography and layer‐based inversion covering the whole crust in detail, with some hints to upper mantle structures. The most prominent features imaged are absence of a crustal root associated to the Mérida Andes, as the Northern Andes profile is located marginal to the Andean crustal domain, and low‐angle subduction of the Caribbean oceanic slab (~10–20°) beneath northwestern South America. Further crustal structures identified in the profile are (a) crustal thinning beneath the Falcón Basin along the western extension of the Oca‐Ancón fault system interpreted as a back‐arc basin; (b) suture zones between both the Proterozoic and Paleozoic provinces (Ouachita‐Marathon‐related suture? ), and Paleozoic and Meso‐Cenozoic terranes (peri‐Caribbean suture) interpreted from lateral changes in seismic velocity; and (c) evidence of a deep Paleozoic(? ) extensional basin, underlying thick Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences (beneath the Guárico area).
Paleoclimate of Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene Temburong Formation, Klias Peninsula, Sabah, Base on Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblage

Planktonic foraminifera assemblages were studied for biostratigraphy and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene of Temburong Formation, Klias Peninsula, Sabah. The Temburong Formation is composed of mainly flysh-type argillaceous deposit intercalations of slightly calcareous pelagic shale. Recently we discovered abundance of moderate to well-preserved planktonic foraminifera at the measured section and its planktonic assemblages are useful for biostratigraphy and paleoclimatic studies of Temburong Formation. A total of nine samples of shale were collected from three outcrops and processed based on standard micropaleontology method. Twenty-eight species of planktonic foraminifera were identified and grouped into three zones, namely: P21-P22 Globorotalia opima opima-Globigerina angulisuturalis zone, N4 Globigerinoides primordius-Globigerinoides quadrilobatus zone, and N5-N6 Catapsydrax dissimilis-Globigerinoides altiapetura zone. For paleoclimate studies, the relative abundance of planktonic foraminifera was obtained and grouped into climatic indices namely cool, cool-temperate, warm, warm-temperate and none climatic diagnostic. The result shows the changes of planktonic foraminifera assemblages and the paleoclimatic indices through Oligocene-Miocene boundary. The cool climate indices were identified at the lower part of the study section of Upper Oligocene sediment and gradually shifted to warm climatic indices at Lower Miocene section.
A Case Study of Factors That Influenced the Attrition or Retention of Two First-Year Special Education Teachers.

The issue of attrition and retention has been a chronic problem in the field of education for decades. School districts across the United States are experiencing shortages of qualified special education teachers largely due to high turnover rates, with many of these teachers electing not to return after their first year of teaching. In fact, roughly nine percent of special educators not return to the profession after their first year, citing themes such as lack of administrative support, excessive paperwork and burnout as primary factors that prompted their decision to leave. The purpose of this study was to identify problems faced by two novice special educators from their own perspective. Further analysis of the research data produced additional themes, including poor co-teaching relationships, the use of ineffective co-teaching models, student behavior, time management, paperwork, isolationism, time management, ambiguous special education practices and procedures.
Lithium mineral evolution and ecology: comparison with boron and beryllium

The idea that the mineralogical diversity now found at or near Earth’s surface was not present for much of the Earth’s history is the essence of mineral evolution, and the geological histories of the 118 Li, 120 Be, and 296 B minerals are not exceptions. Present crustal concentrations are generally too low for Li, Be, and B minerals to form (except tourmaline); this requires further enrichment by 1–2 orders of magnitude by processes such as partial melting and mobilization of fluids. As a result, minerals containing essential Li and Be are first reported in the geologic record at 3.0–3.1 Ga, later than Li-free tourmaline at 3.6 Ga. Spikes in species diversification coincides with increases in preserved juvenile crust and supercontinent assembly during the Precambrian Eon, followed by accelerated diversification during the Phanerozoic Eon. Mineral ecology concerns the present-day distribution, diversity, complexity, and abundance of minerals, including estimates of Earth’s total mineral endowment, most recently by using large number of rare events (LNRE) models. Using Poisson-lognormal distribution and Bayesian methods, LNRE modeling yields an estimate of 1200–1500 total B mineral species, nearly triple the ~500 species estimate made in 2017, and from ~700 to ~800 total species for Li and Be. In considering how the total number of mineral species came to be present in Earth’s crust, it is important to keep in mind the distinctions and the interplay between two very different histories: the geologic history of mineral formation, and the human history of mineral discovery. Mineral diversity has increased both with geologic time and with historic time, but only the latter strictly pertains to the accumulation curves that result from LNRE modeling. The Li minerals reported from the most localities would be expected to be discovered earliest in the historic search for new minerals and to have appeared earliest in Earth’s history. However, data on Li minerals imply that factors other than number of present-day localities, at present totaling 3208 mineral/locality counts, play a major role in mineral ecology. More significant are the unique formation conditions at a handful of localities that produced a diverse suite of Li minerals rarely replicated elsewhere. The resulting present day non-random distribution of minerals contributes significantly to differences in the probabilities among species being discovered, which can have a profound impact on
Development of push moraines in deeply frozen sediment adjacent to a cold‐based glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Previous studies of push moraines have concluded that structural architecture is controlled by a combination of stress exerted by flowing ice and the rheology of the deforming sediment. However, the relationship between deformation processes and the thermal/hydrologic conditions within the sediment remains ambiguous. Using a combination of surface mapping, logging exposures and ground penetrating radar we examine the relationships between surface morphology, material properties and development of deformation structures in deeply frozen sediment that has been deformed by Joyce Glacier, a cold‐based glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The structural architecture of the push moraines is characterized by a combination of brittle and ductile deformation structures that have produced a structurally complex pattern of thrust faults, low angle listric thrusts and recumbent folds that extend 400 m beyond the glacier margin. Deformation is ductile where the ice concentration exceeds c. 65% volume and predominantly brittle where the ice concentration is less than c. 65%. The change in rheology reflects transition in behaviour from the material having a predominantly frictional character when the ice is limited to pore spaces to a non‐frictional character in which strength is primarily determined by the cohesive strength of the ice. This work shows that glaciotectonic deformation can occur in deeply frozen permafrost where there is no liquid pore water. We conclude that the presence of liquid porewater is not a necessary condition for the development of glaciotectonic deformation or for the formation of push moraines. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open Apatite Sr Isotopic System in Low‐Temperature Hydrous Regimes

Single crystal in situ Sr and Nd isotopic analysis of apatite permits more accurate interrogation of a variety of geoscience questions, including provenance, petrogenesis, and ore system evolution. However, the degree to which the apatite Sr and Nd isotopic systems remain closed under extended low‐temperature hydrous conditions is not well constrained. Granitoids at the Baogutu deposit in NW China contain veins of low‐temperature H2O‐rich epistilbite and thus provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate isotopic system integrity under low‐temperature hydrous conditions. Apatite from the Late Carboniferous diorite and granodiorite porphyry show variable (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7042 to 0.7062) but restricted εNd(t) values (+7.0±0.4 and +6.5±0.4, 1σ). The apatite Sr isotope signatures are transitional between whole rock (0.7035) and vein epistilbite (~0.7062), indicating apparent incorporation of radiogenic Sr from the epistilbite‐related hydrothermal fluid into the igneous apatite, whereas εNd values closely match those of the whole rock (+6.9±0.2 and +6.5±0.2, 1σ) and epistilbite (+6.2±0.2, 1σ). Obvious metasomatic textures of apatite were revealed by cathodoluminescence images. The 260 to 300°C formation temperatures for earlier quartz‐sulfide veins and chlorite alteration and homogenization temperature (~190°C) of fluid inclusions in epistilbite‐calcite vein calcite constrain the temperature of the later epistilbite‐related hydrothermal fluid to 190 to 260°C. These results indicate that Sr and likely Nd isotopes in apatite are mobile under low‐temperature (<300°C) hydrous conditions and implies that Rb‐Sr signatures in apatite from hydrothermally altered rocks reveal the presence and characteristics of modifying fluids.
Bias correction of global high-resolution precipitation climatologies using streamflow observations from 9372 catchments

<p>We introduce a set of global high-resolution (0.05<sup>&#9702;</sup>) precipitation (P) climatologies corrected for bias using streamflow (Q) observations from 9372 stations worldwide. For each station, we inferred the &#8220;true&#8221; long-term P using a Budyko curve, an empirical equation relating long-term P, Q, and potential evaporation. We subsequently calculated long-term bias correction factors for three state-of-the-art P climatologies (WorldClim V2, CHELSA V1.2, and CHPclim V1), after which we used random forest regression to produce global gap-free bias correction maps for the climatologies. Monthly climatological bias correction factors were calculated by disaggregating the long-term bias correction factors based on gauge catch efficiencies. We found that all three climatologies systematically underestimate P over parts of all major mountain ranges globally, despite the explicit consideration of orography in the production of each climatology. Additionally, all climatologies underestimate P at latitudes > 60<sup>&#9702;</sup>N, likely due to gauge under-catch. Exceptionally high long-term correction factors (> 1.5) were obtained for all three climatologies in Alaska, High Mountain Asia, and Chile &#8212; regions characterized by marked elevation gradients, sparse gauge networks, and significant snowfall. Using the bias-corrected WorldClim V2, we demonstrated that other widely used P datasets (GPCC V2015, GPCP V2.3, and MERRA-2) severely underestimate P over Chile, the Himalayas, and along the Pacific coast of North America. Mean P for the global land surface based on the bias-corrected World-Clim V2 is 862 mm yr&#8722;1 (a 9.4 % increase over the original WorldClim V2). The annual and monthly bias-corrected P climatologies have been released as the Precipitation Bias CORrection (PBCOR) dataset &#8212; downloadable via www.gloh2o. org/pbcor. </p>
Environmental analysis of three wastewater treatment plants based on the life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to examine the environmental effects of three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different size and processes located in northeast China. These WWTPs were assessed with acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), global warming potential (GWP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) as environmental impact categories. Among the processes the wastewater treatment line had the greatest environmental impact for all plants and impact categories due to the electricity consumption in the aerobic reactor. And the highest environmental impacts observed in the S-WWTP that operated by A2O process.
Microstructurally controlled trace element (Zr, U–Pb) concentrations in metamorphic rutile: An example from the amphibolites of the Bergen Arcs

As a common constituent of metamorphic assemblages, rutile provides constraints on the timing and conditions of rock transformation at high resolution. However, very little is known about the links between trace element mobility and rutile microstructures that result from synmetamorphic deformation. To address this issue, here we combine in situ LA‐ICP‐MS and sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe trace element data with electron back‐scatter diffraction microstructural analyses to investigate the links between rutile lattice distortions and Zr and U–Pb systematics. Furthermore, we apply this integrated approach to constrain further the temperature and timing of amphibolite facies metamorphism and deformation in the Bergen Arcs of southwestern Norway. In outcrop, the formation of porphyroblastic rutile in dynamically hydrated leucocratic domains of otherwise rutile‐poor statically hydrated amphibolite provides key contextual information on both the ambient conditions of hydration and deformation and the composition of the reactive fluid. Rutile in amphibolite recorded ambient metamorphic temperatures of ~590–730°C during static hydration of the granulitic precursor. By contrast, rutile from leucocratic domains in the directly adjacent shear zone indicates that deformation was accompanied by a localized increase in temperature. These higher temperatures are recorded in strain‐free rutile (~600–860°C) and by Zr concentration measurements on low‐angle boundaries and shear bands (620–820°C). In addition, we also observe slight depletions of Zr and U along rutile low‐angle boundaries relative to strain‐free areas in deformed grains from the shear zone. This indicates that crystal–plastic deformation facilitated the compositional re‐equilibration of rutile upon cooling to slightly below the peak temperature of deformation. Cessation of deformation at mid‐crustal conditions near ~600°C is recorded by late stage growth of small (<150 µm) rutile in the high‐strain zones. U–Pb age data obtained from the strain‐free and distorted rutile grains cluster in distinct populations of 437.4 ± 2.7 Ma and c. 405–410 Ma, respectively. These different ages are interpreted to reflect the difference in closure for thermally induced Pb diffusion between undeformed and deformed rutile during post‐deformation exhumation and cooling. Thus, our results provide a reconstruction of the thermochronological history of the amphibolite facies rocks of the Lindås Nappe and highlight the importance of integration of microstructural data during application of thermometers and geochronometers.
Protective Effects of Grape Seed Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Injury

Objective To study the protective effects of grape seed extractive (GSE) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic injury. Methods CCl4 induced hepatic injured rats were divided into CCl4 group (untreated) and 4 treatment groups treated with 20 mg/kg·d low dose group (LDG), 40 mg/kg·d medium dose group (MDG) or 120 mg/kg·d high dose group (HDG). In these five groups the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartic transaminase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase(γ-GT), glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and amidocaproic acid transpeptidase(LAP)were measured. The liver weight to body weight ratio, serum triglycerides (TGs), and the pathological changes were also studied. Results Serum levels of ALT, AST, GDH and ICDH in control group were increased significantly and were higher than the other four treatment groups(P0.01). The serum levels of LAP andγ-GT were higher than normal group(P0.05). The serum level of ALP in CCl4 group was also significantly higher than normal group (P0.01) and HDG group(P0.01). Serum level of ICDH in LDG and MDG were higher than normal group (P0.01)with no difference between HDG and normal group(P 0.05). Serum ALP in LDG and MDG were higher than normal group(P0.01 and P0.01) but showed no difference between HDG and normal group(P 0.05). No significant differences were observed on liver weight and body weight ratio among the five groups(P 0.05). The serum triglycerides level of the CCl4 group was significantly higher than normal group and MDG(P0.05). Pathological change of three GSE groups were lower than CCl4 group(P0.05,P0.05 and P0.05). Conclusion Grape seed extractive can lower the levels of serum triglycerides and MDA and reduce the pathological changes, thus protect the liver from CCl4 induced hepatic injury.
Making geoscience fieldwork inclusive and accessible for students with disabilities

Fieldwork is a fundamental characteristic of geoscience. However, the requirement to participate in fieldwork can present significant barriers to students with disabilities engaging with geoscience as an academic discipline and subsequently progressing on to a career as a geoscience professional. A qualitative investigation into the lived experiences of 15 students with disabilities participating in a one-day field workshop during the 2014 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting provides critical insights into the aspects of fieldwork design and delivery that contribute to an accessible and inclusive field experience. Qualitative analysis of pre- and post-fieldwork focus groups and direct observations of participants reveal that multisensory engagement, consideration for pace and timing, flexibility of access and delivery, and a focus on shared tasks are essential to effective pedagogic design. Further, fieldwork can support the social processes necessary for students with disabilities to become fully integrated into learning communities, while also promoting self-advocacy by providing an opportunity to develop and practice self-advocacy skills. Our findings show that students with sensory, cognitive, and physical disabilities can achieve full participation in field activities but also highlight the need for a change in perceptions among geoscience faculty and professionals, if students with disabilities are to be motivated to progress through the geoscience academic pipeline and achieve professional employment.
Documenting rubble to shift baselines: Environmental assessments and damaged glaciers in Chile

Worldwide, governments use environmental impact assessments (EIAs) to manage the environmental impacts of industrial activity. EIAs contain baselines that describe the specific environment where the project would go, and impact evaluations that identify ways to eliminate, reduce, or compensate the environmental harms the project would have. Although EIA baselines promised to democratize and improve decision-making, in practice, many affected communities, environmental activists, and scholars of EIAs find that baselines often obscure certain ecological impacts. Drawing on science and technology studies and environmental history, I reflect on why this happens and propose that it results from the ways in which EIA baselines reproduce modernist views of economic growth and progress. I analyze EIA baselines as a “memory practice” which meet the needs of the present by projecting a timeless, static past to be preserved. This naturalization of modernism can be challenged through two correctives: to compare projects rather than natures in EIA baselines, and to document existing and potential forms of “rubble” resulting from industrial activity. I illustrate these arguments with the case of glaciers and efforts to protect them from the impacts of the Pascua Lama gold mine located in the high-altitude Andes.