Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF ANNONA MURICATA L. LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract. This study also investigated phytochemical analysis of the extract and improvement in the islet of Langerhans. Methods : Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats devided into five groups, that are normal group, control group that induced by alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight and given CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and three treatment group that induced by alloxan and given Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract (AMLEE) with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after alloxan induction, and 21 d after AMLEE treatment. At the end of the study, all of the animals experiment were sacrificed for histopathological examination. Results : Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols and phenols were present in ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf . At the end of the study, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels in all AMLEE treated group were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Final blood glucose level in the groups that given AMLEE 50 mg/kg body weight (86.7±14.6 mg/dl) was almost the same with that of the normal group (91.25±28.38 mg/dl). The result of the histopathological examination is not showed an improvement of the islet of Langerhans in AMLEE treated groups. Conclusion : In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, there was no improvement in the islet of Langerhans damage.
Feeding behavior and capture success of turbot Psetta maxima larvae during the transition from upright to tilted swimming position

Aquaculture production of high-quality marine fish larvae might be hampered by poor success in larval initiation of exogenous feeding or the lack of appropriate live feed in their first feeding period. The period of larval metamorphosis may further constrain the successful rearing of flatfish larvae. In order to ascertain changes in feeding during metamorphosis of flatfish, we here compared feeding behavior when larvae of turbot Psetta maxima were either swimming upright or tilted. Using video recordings, we compared the attack rate and prey capture success between flexion (12–13 days-post-hatch, stage 4b–4c) swimming predominantly in upright position and post-flexion (16–17 days-post-hatch, stage 5a–5b) larvae in tilted swimming mode. Both larval groups were fed on copepod nauplii and copepodites. Our results showed a capture success of <50% during the flexion stage, increasing to 73% in the post-flexion stage, and larvae were more successful when feeding on nauplii than when offered copepodite stages. An ontogenetic shift from intermittent to cruise swimming was observed during the metamorphosis concomitant with improved hunting skills. Thus larvae appeared to be able to successfully complete metamorphosis without compromising their feeding ability on copepod prey.
Spatial and short-term variability of larval, post-larval and macrobenthic assemblages associated with subtidal kelp forest ecosystems in Central Chile

ABSTRACT Identifying patterns of spatial and temporal variability in the composition of communities associated with kelp forests is critical to understand the functioning of this productive, yet vulnerable ecosystem. We used a suite of sampling methods (light attraction and airlift devices) to evaluate the variability of larval, post-larval and macrobenthic assemblages associated with kelp forests (Lessonia trabeculata) in Central Chile (30° to 33°S). Pelagic collections identified two assemblages: early-life stages and emerging macrobenthos, with the later contributing three quarters to the total abundance regardless of the source of illumination (permanent or flashing). Field experiments showed that moon phases affected the structure and composition of the samples. Surveys carried out during new moon showed the highest abundances and taxonomic richness of emergent assemblages. However, species composition varied in both assemblages depending on the moon phase. Although the pelagic assemblages collected at sites with contrasting upwelling intensity did not show differences in community structure, differences in composition were evident for early-life stages. The relationship between pelagic and benthic collections indicated that four decapod crustaceans were represented at both larval and early juvenile stages; however, only the high abundances and densities of Paraxanthus barbiger allowed for estimations of benthic-pelagic coupling. For this species, larval abundances and benthic juvenile densities demonstrated contrasting local and regional patterns, suggesting a decoupling between pelagic and benthic environments. These findings highlight the differential variability in smaller components of kelp forests, but also suggest that post-settlement processes may be driving biological interactions through these highly productive and complex environments.
Enhanced growth and immuno-physiological response of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia in indoor biofloc units at different stocking densities.

An experimental trial was conducted for 90 days to evaluate the growth performance, immunophysiological response of GIFT strain of Tilapia in biofloc-based rearing system and to assess the relative percentage survival in 3 days after challenging with the virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila. Fingerlings with an average body weight 0.98 ± 0.06 g were stocked in triplicate at different stocking densities of 200 (SD1), 250 (SD2), 300 (SD3) and 350 (SD4) m−3 in biofloc-based treatments and 150 (C) m−3 in control (clear water). Biofloc-based units (SD1 and SD2) obtained significantly better (P < 0.05) growth performances at the end of the experimental period. Mean body weight of fish in biofloc-based units showed a decreasing trend with increase in stocking density with 100% survival in all units including control. The stress parameters were significantly lower in biofloc-based rearing units especially in treatments SD1 and SD2 as compared to the control. The fish from the biofloc-based units (SD1 and SD2) possessed significantly (P < 0.05) higher immune status as compared to control and other biofloc treatments in terms of respiratory burst, serum lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activity. Relative survival percentages were significantly better in biofloc treatments with highest in SD1 and SD2 (83.33%) after challenge study. GIFT strain of Tilapia at higher stocking densities 200–250 nos m−3 can be taken as optimum stocking density whereas higher stocking densities up to 350 nos m−3 can be reared in the biofloc systems without compromising the growth and immunity.
Avaliação da atividade inseticida de látex e extratos vegetais frente a culicídeos

No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a atividade larvicida de drogas derivadas e extratos obtidos a partir de vegetais. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de latex de Euphorbia milii , Euphorbia pulcherrima e Tabernaemontana sp , e, em acrescimo, foram preparados extratos etanolicos e hidroalcoolicos de E . milii , utilizando o metodo de extracao em Sohxlet e o processo C da Farmacopeia Brasileira, respectivamente. As larvas dos culicideos foram coletadas mediante confeccao de armadilhas compostas de garrafas pet, sendo identificadas mediante utilizacao de chave de identificacao especifica, sendo posteriormente separadas em grupos de 10, e colocadas em tubos de ensaio, nos quais foram acrescidos os extratos e latex testados, em quatro diferentes diluicoes, a saber: 2,5mg/mL, 5mg/mL, 10mg/mL e 20mg/mL. Entre o total de larvas coletadas, a saber, 290 especimes, 95 foram aleatoriamente selecionadas para identificacao, com predominância de Psorophora (37,9%) e Aedes aegypti (35,8%). Observou-se que o latex e o extrato etanolico de E . milii , bem como o latex de E. pulcherrima , todos na concentracao de 20mg/mL, apresentaram 100% de atividade larvicida frente a culicideos, demonstrando assim o potencial do uso desses principios para o controle de populacoes desses insetos, particularmente de A . aegypti , haja vista seu papel fundamental na transmissao da dengue, e outras doencas, trazendo a tona a necessidade de delineamento de futuras pesquisas para o isolamento e identificacao de principios ativos, uteis para o planejamento de novos produtos com atividade inseticida. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
Incipient signs of genetic differentiation among African elephant populations in fragmenting miombo ecosystems in south-western Tanzania

Habitat fragmentation plays a major role in the reduction of genetic diversity among wildlife populations. The African savannah elephant population of the Ruaha-Rungwa and Katavi-Rukwa ecosystems in south-western Tanzania, comprises one of the world’s largest remaining elephant populations, but is increasingly threatened by loss of connectivity and poaching for ivory. We investigate whether there are incipient signs of genetic isolation (loss of heterozygosity) within the younger cohort as a result of habitat loss between the two ecosystems. To investigate the genetic structure of populations, we compared the genotypes for 11 microsatellite loci in the western (n = 81 individuals from Katavi-Rukwa), central (n = 36 individuals from Lukwati and Piti), and eastern populations (n = 193, individuals from Ruaha-Rungwa). We found evidence of significant genetic differentiation among the three populations, but the levels were low, suggesting recent divergence. Furthermore, we identified weak isolation by distance, suggesting higher gene flow among nearer individuals with samples within 50km of each other being more genetically similar to one another than beyond. Although sample sizes were small, a further analysis of genetic differences across populations and in separate age classes revealed evidence of increasing genetic structure among younger age classes across the landscape. In a long-lived species with overlapping generations, it takes a long time to develop genetic substructure even when there are substantial obstacles to migration. Thus, in these recently fragmented populations, inbreeding (and the loss of heterozygosity) may be less of an immediate concern than demography (the loss of adults due to illegal hunting).
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE LESSER MEALWORM, ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO THE ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES STEINERNEMA FELTIAE, S. GLASERI (STEINERNEMATIDAE) AND HETERORHABDITIS HELIOTHIDIS (HETERORHABDITIDAE)

The infectivity of Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis heliothidis for early-stage larvae, late-stage larvae, pupae and adults of the lesser mealworm were evaluated under different habitat conditions. When confined in petri dishes with nematode-treated filter paper, all beetle stages were highly susceptible to parasitism by S. feltiae, with LD50 values ranging from 9 to 56 nematodes per host Early-stage larvae (LD50 = 26) and pupae (LD50 = 36) were more susceptible than late-stage larvae (LD50 = 1,791) and adults (LD50 = 724) to H. heliothidis. Only adult beetles (LD50 = 714) were susceptible to S. glaseri. Late-stage beetle larvae were more susceptible to S. feltiae in rearing medium (LD50 = 24), broiler litter (LD50 = 2 58) and poultry manure (LD50 = 212) than to H. heliothidis, which caused less than 50% mortality at all dose rates in these substrates. Adults were less susceptible than larvae in these substrates, and mortality only exceeded 50% in litter treated with S. feltiae (LD50 = .
Diet of endangered Steller sea lions in the Aleutian Islands: New insights from DNA detections and bio-energetic reconstructions.

The endangered western stock of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) still declines in the western Aleutian Islands and accurate diet information is vital to test leading hypotheses. We undertook the first bioenergetic diet reconstruction using both molecular and hard part prey identifications from >600 scats collected in March–April 2008 and 2012. Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)) remained a primary prey (17%–27% by energy), but large (mean 60 cm) Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810) also emerged as important prey (20%–24%) in a more diverse diet than previously reported, with Cottidae and smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas, 1769)) also contributing ∼10%. DNA detections highlighted a potentially important and previously underestimated prey, giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini (Wulker, 1910) (diet contribution 2%–15%, dependent on prey size assumptions). Although 504 unique DNA identifications resulted in significant increases .
CRESCIMENTO, PARTIÇÃO DE MATÉRIA SECA E RETENÇÃO DE Na + , K + E Cl - EM DOIS GENÓTIPOS DE SORGO IRRIGADOS

SUMMARY : GROWTH, DRY MASS PARTITIONING, AND Na + , K + , AND Cl - RETENTION BY TWO SORGHUM GENOTYPES IRRIGATEDWITH SALINE WATER The mechanisms for salt tolerance are complex and depend upon physiological andanatomical changes occurring in the whole-plant. This research aimed at evaluating ionretention, vegetative growth, and dry matter partitioning by two forage sorghum genotypes[Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] irrigated with saline water. Selected seeds were sown inplastic pots containing 12 kg a sandy Argisol and grown under greenhouse conditions. Theexperiment was in completely randomized with treatments arranged in a 2 x 5 factorialdesign, consisting of two genotypes (CSF 18, sensitive and CSF 20, tolerant) and five levelsof increasing salinity (0.5, 2.0 , 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m -1 ), with four replicates. The treatments(salinity water) application began five days after seeds emergence. On the forty-fourth dayafter the salt water applications began plants were harvested and evaluated for the followingcharacteristics: dry mass production, dry mass partitioning, root distribution into pots,and Na
Differential responses of various amino acid based growth substances on physiological parameters, dry matter partitioning, productivity and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill)

Title of the thesis : “Differential responses of various amino acid based growth substances on physiological parameters, dry matter partitioning, productivity and quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)” Student Name : BHOJENDRA SAHU Address : Vill. Arjuni, Post – Balsamund, Teh. + Distt. – Bemetara (C.G.) 491335 Advisor Name : Dr. R.K. Samaiya Address : Senior Scientist, Department of Plant Physiology Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur – 482004 (M.P.) Degree awarded : M.Sc. (Ag.) Plant Physiology Year of award of Degree : 2016 Major Subject : Plant Physiology Total number of page in the thesis : 88 Number of words in the abstract : 668 Dr.R.K.Samaiya Dr.A. S. Gontia Bhojendra Sahu (Advisor) (Professor & Head) (Student)
INDUKSI TUNAS, MULTIPLIKASI DAN PERAKARAN Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke SECARA IN VITRO

Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke is including one of superior agarwood-producing plants and naturally growing in Eastern Indonesia as Nusa Tenggara and Papua. Indonesia has been trading agarwood products both domestically and overseas which one of them is agarwood produced by G.versteegii. This study purpose was to develop an in vitro culture method for mass propagation of G. versteegii. Shoot induction conducted on MS medium supplemented with Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) 0.7; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 mg/l. The shoots multiplication conducted on MS medium supplemented with the best concentration of BAP from shoot induction phase. The rooting of shoots conducted on half strength MS medium supplemented with interaction of Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 0.01 mg/l with concentration of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; and 4.0 mg/l. Epicotyl explant with a given concentration level of BAP 0.7 mg/l produce the highest rates number of shoots and shoot length compared to other explant respectively 4.8 shoots and 0.41 cm within 6 weeks. The best explant developments in the best medium able to promote the growth of the length and number of shoots are 0.28 shoots and 0.3 cm within 4 weeks. Explants easiest, quickest and most high sprouting ability as a factor of success in terms of multiplication is epicotyl. The combination treatment of material explant with concentration of BAP only affect to growth of shoots length. The combination treatment of NAA with concentration of IBA has no effect against root formation and growth rootlength.
Genetic analysis for yield and its components in doubled haploid wheat

The inheritance of grain yield and its components (number of spikelets per spike, number of tillers, number of grains per spike, plant height) has been studied through a full diallel cross of eight doubled haploid bread wheat. Generation mean and variance analysis was carried out on P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generation of two crosses to complement the genetic information from the diallel analysis. Regression analysis, average of dominance and narrow sense heritability in both experiments revealed additive type of gene action for number of grains per spike and plant height and over dominant type of gene effects for the rest of traits. Although different types of epistasis interaction were found for different trait and cross combination, duplicate dominant epistasis only observed for number of spikelets per spike, number of tillers and grain yield per plant. Correlation analysis of dominant genes with the phenotype of the parents revealed recessive gene control for number of tillers, while dominant gene control proved to account for the rest of the traits studied.
Actinobacteria from Greenwich Island and Dee Island: isolation, diversity and distribution

Actinobacteria from underexplored and unusual environments have gained significant attention for their capability in producing novel bioactive molecules of diverse chemical entities. Streptomyces is the most prolific Actinobacteria in producing useful molecules. Rapid decline effectiveness of existing antibiotics in the treatment of infections are caused by the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Intensive efforts are urgently required in isolating non-Streptomyces or rare Actinobacteria and understanding of their distribution in the harsh environment for new drug discovery. In this study, pretreatment of soil samples with 1.5% phenol was used for the selective isolation of Actinobacteria from Dee Island and Greenwich Island. A high number of non-Streptomyces (69.4%) or rare Actinobacteria was significantly recovered despite the Streptomyces (30.6%), including the genera Micromonospora, Micrococcus, Kocuria, Dermacoccus, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium and Rothia. Reduced diversity and shift of distribution were observed at the elevated level of soil pH. The members of genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora and Micrococcus were found to distribute and tolerate to a relatively high pH level of soil (pH 9.4-9.5), and could potentially be alkaliphilic Actinobacteria. The phylogenetic analysis had revealed some potentially new taxa members of the genera Micromonospora, Micrococcus and Rhodococcus. Principal Component Analysis of soil samples was used to uncover the factors that underlie the diversity of culturable Actinobacteria. Water availability in soil was examined as the principal factor that shaped the diversity of the Actinobacteria, by providing a dynamic source for microbial interactions and elevated diversity of Actinobacteria.
North Atlantic right whale foraging ecology and its role in human-caused mortality

Endangered North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis suffer from unacceptably high rates of ship strikes and fishing gear entanglements, but little is known of the role that diving and foraging behavior plays in mediating human-caused mortality. We conducted a study of right whale foraging ecology by attaching tags to whales for short periods of time (hours), tracking their movements during daytime, and repeatedly sampling oceanographic conditions and prey distribution along the whales’ tracks. Right whales were tagged from late winter to late fall in 6 regions of the Gulf of Maine and southwestern Scotian Shelf from 2000 to 2010. The diving behavior of the tagged whales was governed by the vertical distribution of their primary prey, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. On average, right whales tagged during spring spent 72% of their time in the upper 10 m (within the draft of most large commercial vessels), indicating the need for expanded ship speed restrictions in western Gulf of Maine springtime habitats. One out of every 4 whales dove to within 5 m of the sea floor during the short time they were tagged, spending as much as 45% of their total tagged time in this depth stratum. Right whales dove to the sea floor in each habitat studied except for one (where only 1 whale was tagged). This relatively high incidence of near-bottom diving raises serious concerns about the continued use of floating ground lines in pot and trap gear in coastal Maine and Canadian waters.
Papua New Guinea terrestrial‐vertebrate richness: elevation matters most for all except reptiles

To examine species richness patterns in Papua New Guinea's terrestrial vertebrates and test for geographical congruence between the four classes, and between lizard and snake subgroups. To assess the environmental correlates of Papua New Guinean terrestrial‐vertebrate richness, and contrast effects of varying analytical resolution and correction for spatial autocorrelation. We predict congruence in the bird, mammal and to a lesser extent amphibian richness, with weak congruence or incongruence between reptiles and the other taxonomic groups. We further predict these patterns will stem from relative or in the case of reptiles dissimilar, correlative trends with environmental predictors such as elevation and temperature.
Is evolution of apomicts driven by the phylogeography of the sexual ancestor? Insights from European and Caucasian brambles (Rubus, Rosaceae)

Apomixis, i.e. asexual reproduction via seeds, occurs in many plant taxa of diverse phylogenetic origins and has resulted in a high abundance and wide distribution of some groups. When and where apomicts arose and how their evolution is linked to their sexual ancestors is poorly understood. We aimed at detecting phylogeographical patterns in Rubus ulmifolius–R. sanctus agg. , a diploid sexual species aggregate from Rubus series Discolores (Rosaceae), and asked where and when its polyploid apomictic descendants originated.