Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of the parity, lactation stage and season of feeding on the somatic cell count in cow milk

The aim of the study was to analyse the cytological quality of milk collected from 37 Black-and-White cows with the 80-90% share of Holstein Friesian maintained in one of the Polish family farms. The differences in daily milk yield and the content of total solids and protein observed between the lactation stages proved to be statistically significant. The somatic cell count (SCC) in the grazing season was 461,050 cells/ml whereas in the indoor season increased to 1193,880 cells/ml. The mean SCC increased along with the cows’ age, starting from 869,890 cells/ml on the average in the I st and II nd lactations to 1129,210 cells/ml on the average in the V th and the further lactations ‐ until the VIII th one. When evaluating the SCC differences between the lactation stages the highest value was found in milk collected at the I st stage of lactation (1097,740 cells/ml), whereas at the II nd rd stages SCC was lower and displayed the similar values (893,910 and 914,150 respectively). However, the differences in SCC between the consecutive lactations and lactation stages were statistically non-significant. A relatively high number of somatic cells estimated in the present study can mainly be attributed to inappropriate hygienic conditions during the process of milk collection and to bad health status of a mammary gland.
Evaluation of Healthcare workers' Practices Concerning Infection Control Measures at Primary Health Care Centers

Corresponding author: Selman Hussain Faris AL-Kerity Email: Selmanhussain2015@gmail.com Community Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, Karbala University, Iraq. ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the healthcare workers’ practices toward infection control measures at primary health care centers in Kerbela city. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out during the period from February to April 2016 on a sample of 70 healthcare workers. A questionnaire was used in the study, which contain information about the demographic data of the healthcare workers (5 items) and selected questions about their practices regarding infection control measures (29 items). Data were analyzed through a descriptive, and inferential statistics (ttest and correlational statistics) using the SPSS-PC, version 20. Results: The results of the study revealed that the majority (85.7%) of the total subjects were males, (34.3%) at age groups (30-39) years, (71.4%) were graduated from institute, (52.9%) were about (1-5) years , (75.7%) didn’t have training related course and most of healthcare workers at very good level of practice regarding infection control. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the most of healthcare workers working in primary health care centers had moderate level of practice regarding infection control. The present study was recommended to development and implementation of a comprehensive infection control program in primary health care centers in order to ensure compliance to the infection control measures by healthcare workers.
Introduction to Cultural Entrepreneurship: Cultural Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries

Up to now, no evaluation has been made about crucially main impacts of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial approaches to the support of creative and cultural economy in developing countries. Great potentials of cultural industries are not still utilized, and no attention is made to them regarding economic profitability. The most crucial determinants of inappropriately competitive conditions concerning innovation in developing countries, which require global help, are education issues, poverty, and lack of related institutions. Moreover, a continuum of cultural productions is delicate. There are weak steps and stages for promotion, branding, distribution, and ownership support of cultural productions due to not only lack of integration but also a lack of artists' knowledge about these processes. This study examines the role of cultural entrepreneurship in the sustainability of artists and creative organizations. The following questions are addressed accordingly: To what extent can cultural entrepreneurship capacities act as a determinant for the development of artists and artistic areas of activities; Is this phenomenon definable and learnable; How can cultural and artistic values be understood by entrepreneurial capacities in a cultural context. Entrepreneurship of cultural and creative industries combines two independent trends: Art as a content-based and immaterial value and entrepreneurship as a supporter of immaterial values. By this basis in mind and the social responsibility of entrepreneurs, cultural entrepreneurship can run a cultural and creative organization, carry out a strategically cultural mission, face risks to the creation of balance between managerial values and innovation and make a contribution to critical infrastructure.
Distribution, morphology, and formation of pockmarks in Lake Constance, Germany

Pockmarks are well known in the marine environment but almost unreported from limnic systems. In Lake Constance we investigated pockmarks near the mouth of the main tributary, Alpine Rhine River, using sediment cores and hydroacoustics (sidescan sonar, subbottom profiler, horizontal scanning sonar, multibeam echo sounder). The maximum dimension of an individual pockmark is about 16 m in diameter and 3‐4‐m deep, often with a round shape. Most pockmarks are located on top of morphological high points such as sediment waves or shoulders of old channels in front of the Alpine Rhine River. They are collapse structures formed when a reservoir of biogenic methane rapidly empties into the water column. Ebullition of gas very often was observed, indicating that biogenic methane still migrates toward pockmarks.
DNA-based detection and characterisation of strictly anaerobic beer-spoilage bacteria

The Sporomusa sub-branch of the class “Clostridia” includes six strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-negative beer-spoilage bacteria: Megasphaera cerevisiae, Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus, Pectinatus frisingensis, Selenomonas lacticifex, Zymophilus paucivorans and Zymophilus raffinosivorans. They spoil beer by producing foul-smelling compounds and turbidity. These species have only been isolated from the beer production chain. They are difficult to detect and identify in breweries, since they do not tolerate oxygen and may cause spoilage at very low levels. Traditional cultivation methods provide information about the product contamination only after 1–6 weeks of incubation. Moreover, cultivation methods do not allow reliable species identification. Hence, more rapid and specific detection and identification tools are needed for strictly anaerobic beer spoilers. The main aim of this study was to utilise DNA-based techniques in order to improve detection and identification of the Sporomusa sub-branch beerspoilage bacteria and to increase understanding of their biodiversity, evolutionary relationships and natural sources. Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests combined with a colorimetric microplate hybridisation assay as a PCR read-out were established for the most common beer-spoilage anaerobes, i.e. for M. cerevisiae and the genus Pectinatus. The microplate assay facilitated result interpretation and improved work safety, but was more laborious and time-consuming compared to gel electrophoresis as the PCR read-out. We also designed group-specific end-point and realtime PCR tests to detect all absolute and potential beer-spoilage species of the Sporomusa sub-branch in a single reaction. The real-time PCR format saved work and time. The group-specific PCR tests provide a cost-effective tool for routine monitoring of brewery samples for strictly anaerobic beer spoilers. In addition, genus identity and spoilage potential of the detected bacteria could be determined
A preliminary study on ichthyofaunal diversity of Diplai Beel of Kokrajhar district of Assam, India

The present study deals with the ichthyofaunal diversity of Diplai Beel of Kokrajhar District, Assam, India where 67 number of fish species including 4 exotic fish belonging to 49 genera under 25 families from 8 orders is recorded. Among the recorded fish species 1 species is recorded as vulnerable, 2 species are data deficient, 7 species are near threatened, 54 species are least concern, 1 species is endangered and other 2 species are not evaluated. The 25 different families recorded in the study are Belonidae, Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, Nemacheilidae, Cobitidae, Badidae, Ambassidae, Anabantidae, Channidae, Gobiidae, Sisoridae, Amblycipitidae, Pangasidae, Osphronemidae, Nandidae, Bagridae, Clariidae, Tetraodontidae, Chacidae, Heteropneustidae, Schilbeidae, Siluridae, Synbranchidae, Mastacembelidae and Notopteridae. The present study shows that Cyprinidae is the most dominant family with 25 number of species contributing about 37% of the 25 recorded family followed by Bagridae (10%). The study also reveals that the Diplai Beel is rich in fish diversity.
Selection of novel antigens from Leishmania spp. and design of live recombinant salmonella vaccines against experimental visceral leishmaniasis

against experimental visceral leishmaniasis D i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades d o c t o r r e r u m n a t u r a l i u m II Acknowledgement First, I would like to thank Dr. Toni Aebischer for giving me the great opportunity to do my PhD in his lab at the University of Edinburgh. Furthermore I would like to thank the members of the Leishmania lab, but especially Dr. Athina Paterou and Dr. Toni Aebischer, without whom I would still be sitting at the bench homogenizing foot pads and who both read and corrected my thesis and my English. I also would like to thank Anna Lehle for excellent lab work. It has been a pleasure to work at the 3IR at Edinburgh University and I would like to thank everyone for providing such a friendly working atmosphere. Special thanks are going to Dr. Graeme Cowan for showing me the magical world of protein purification, Dr. Martin Waterfall for showing me how to work the LSR, Dr. Dianne Murray for work at the confocal microscope, the collaborators at the University of York, Prof. Paul Kaye and Dr. Najmeeyah Brown and finally the guys from the animal house. Bette Boyle, who as lab fairy did provide me not only with clean lab ware, tip boxes and solutions, but also with an open ear for the everyday lab sorrows, a friendly word or the every so often chitchat between experiments. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinen Freunden und meiner Familie, speziell meiner Mutter, die mir das Studium in erster Linie ermöglicht hat, aber auch für die seelische und moralische Unterstützung während der Doktorarbeit, auch wenn es bedeutet auf mich des Öfteren verzichten zu müssen. And last but certainly not least I would like to thank Andrew for his patience and tolerance towards a very busy and stressed PhD student and also for providing me with an excellent late night and weekend taxi service to and from Edinburgh University. Abbreviations VI Abbreviations AIDA Autotransporter involved in diffuse adherence AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AmpR Ampicillin resistance APC Allophycocyanin APC Antigen presenting cell APS Ammonium persulfate BCG Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin bla beta-lactamase BMI Body-mass index BSA Bovine serum albumin CAI Codon adaptation index CD Cluster of differentiation CFU colony forming unit CL cutaneous leishmaniasis CLA Cutaneous lymphocyte …
Creating Colored Letters: Familial Markers of Grapheme–Color Synesthesia in Parietal Lobe Activation and Structure

Perception is inherently subjective, and individual differences in phenomenology are well illustrated by the phenomenon of synesthesia (highly specific, consistent, and automatic cross-modal experiences, in which the external stimulus corresponding to the additional sensation is absent). It is unknown why some people develop synesthesia and others do not. In the current study, we tested whether neural markers related to having synesthesia in the family were evident in brain function and structure. Relatives of synesthetes (who did not have any type of synesthesia themselves) and matched controls read specially prepared books with colored letters for several weeks and were scanned before and after reading using magnetic resonance imaging. Effects of acquired letter–color associations were evident in brain activation. Training-related activation (while viewing black letters) in the right angular gyrus of the parietal lobe was directly related to the strength of the learned letter–color associations (behavioral Stroop effect). Within this obtained angular gyrus ROI, the familial trait of synesthesia related to brain activation differences while participants viewed both black and colored letters. Finally, we compared brain structure using voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging to test for group differences and training effects. One cluster in the left superior parietal lobe had significantly more coherent white matter in the relatives compared with controls. No evidence for experience-dependent plasticity was obtained. For the first time, we present evidence suggesting that the (nonsynesthete) relatives of grapheme–color synesthetes show atypical grapheme processing as well as increased brain connectivity.
Neritic reef fishes off central Oregon : aspects of life histories and the recreational fishery

approved: Signature redacted for privacy. Howard F. Hofton Recreational angling pressure has recently increased in the neritic reef areas off the central Oregon coast. This study describes weight-length and age-length relationships as well as ages at sexual maturity of the black, blue, canary, yelloweye, and yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes melanops, S. mystinus, S. pinniger, S. ruberrimus, and S. flavidus, respectively) and the lirigcod (Ophiodon elongatus). These biological characteristics were examined in relation to the recreational fishery and compared to characteristics reported for the same species from other geographic locations. Most of the rockfish exhibited characteristics similar to those from other geographic locations. Lingcod characteristics were also similar to those observed from other locations. Yellowtail rockfish were found to be unique in that males and females appeared to exhibit very similar weight-length relationships and were adequately described by the same weight-length equation. Other rockfish species were best described using separate weightlength equations for each sex. Lingcod exhibited marked differences between male and female weight-length and length-at-age relationships. The mean length of black rockfish, yelloweye rockfish, and lingcod sampled has decreased slightly since 1976. This decrease is attributed, in part, to changes in the attitude of anglers towards these species rather than overharvesting. Localized overfishing of yelloweye rockfish may be occurring on some of the smaller, deeper water reefs. However, due to the weather conditions necessary to allow fishing on these reefs, this is not expected to adversely affect the general population of the area under present conditions. Neritic populations of each species seem to be healthy and not endangered at the present level of exploitation. This conclusion is based on length frequency observations and behavioral characteristics as well as on observations of the recreational fishery. Present management of this fishery appears to be adequate to protect the neritic reef fishes yet allow an unlimited angling season and generous bag limits. NERITIC REEF FISHES OFF CENTRAL OREGON: ASPECTS OF LIFE HISTORIES AND THE RECREATIONAL FISHERY by Robert Edward McClure A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science Completed: 16 March 1982 Commencement: June 1982
Cutting Edge: Distinct NK Receptor Profiles Are Imprinted on CD8 T Cells in the Mucosa and Periphery during the Same Antigen Challenge: Role of Tissue-Specific Factors1

NK cell receptors (NKRs) modulate T lymphocyte responses by modifying the Ag activation threshold. However, what governs their expression on T cells remains unclear. In this study we show that different NKRs are imprinted on CD8 T cells in the gut mucosa and periphery during the same Ag challenge. After a viral, bacterial, and tumor challenge, most CD8 peritoneal exudate lymphocytes expressed NKG2A but not 2B4. In contrast, most CD8 intraepithelial lymphocytes exhibited 2B4 but not NKG2A. Our data suggest that tissue-specific factors may determine the pattern of NKR expression. In the gut, CD70 licensing appears to promote 2B4 induction on mucosal CD8 T cells. Conversely, retinoic acid produced by the intestinal dendritic cells may suppress NKG2A expression. Thus, tissue-specific factors regulate NKR expression and may confer T cells with differing effector functions in a tissue and site-specific manner.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and soil health in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system

A field experiment was conducted during 2004–07 at the research farm of IARI, New Delhi, to study the nutrient management strategies for pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp]-wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol. ] and its effect on soil health. The sandy loam Typic Haplustept soil of the experimental field was well drained, mildly alkaline and non-saline with medium soil fertility status. In pigeonpea, application of fertilizer NPK at soil-test based recommended rates produced 1.44 t/ha grain yield which was significantly higher as compared with unfertilized control. The highest grain yield (1.79 t/ha) was recorded with NPK+FYM (2.5 tonnes/ha). In wheat crop also, integrated use of NPK and FYM (7.5 tonnes/ha) gave significantly higher grain yield (5.23 t/ha) as compared with general recommended dose of NPK (4.28 t/ha). Conjoint use of fertilizer NPK and FYM, improved soil physical health as revealed by a significant decrease in soil bulk density (BD) and an increase in water holding capacity (WHC) vis-a-vis sole fertilizer treatments or unfertilized control during the years of experimentation. Soil BD decreased from 1.50 Mg/m3 in NPK to 1.40 Mg/m3 in NPK + FYM + ID plots. Water holding capacity increased from 35.1% in NPK to 39.4% in NPK + FYM plots. Among biological parameters of soil health, microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were measured, which varied from 178 to 373 mg/kg, 22.8 to 65.8 mg/kg and 43.7 to 61.0 μg TPF/24 h/g of soil, respectively in different treatments. In general, highest values of these parameters were recorded in treatments that received NPK + FYM with or without ID.
Impact of Capital Structure on Stock Return in Oil & Gas Sector of Pakistan

The given study investigates the influence of capital structure on the stock return in the context of oil and gas segment of Pakistan. For this purpose the analysis is conducted on 10 oil and gas companies operating in Pakistan on the basis of market capitalization over the period of 2005 to 2014. In order to inspect the impact of debt to equity and financial leverage on stock outcomes, the Correlation and regression models are used to test the results. This study has determined that the variation in capital structure does affect the stock return of oil and gas companies in Pakistan. Furthermore, Debt to equity ratio and financial leverage positively affect stock return. The Financial leverage and debt to equity positively affected the stock return and are showing significance with greater than 2 of “t” values and less than 0.05 of “p” values. Keywords : Capital Structure, Stock Return, Debt to Equity, Financial Leverage. [1] [1] Army Public College of Management Sciences affiliated with UET, Taxila, Pakistan.
Ride Solo or Pool: Designing Price-Service Menus for a Ride-Sharing Platform

A ride-sharing platform (RSP), such as Uber or Lyft, can sometimes offer passengers an option to share (pool) the ride with fellow passengers. On the one hand, a passenger who pools benefits from paying a lower fare and the RSP benefits from increasing occupancy per car, thereby serving more passengers. On the other hand, a passenger who pools takes more time, on average, to reach her destination and may have to share the ride with a stranger, and the RSP gets a lower profit margin per passenger than from solo rides. We develop a queueing model to find the RSP's optimal revenue at equilibrium when passengers are strategic, and drivers are independent agents, and design the RSP's revenue-maximizing price-service menu. We find that offering both solo and pooled rides is optimal when the distribution of passenger-type is not skewed, and congestion is not high. Counter intuitively, when congestion is high, the RSP benefits from offering only one ride choice, and simulation-based results extend these findings when more than one route exists. Revenue per driver can be non-monotonic with respect to the number of cars, even though total revenue is monotonic. Numerical analysis provides important insights when the number of drivers is endogenous. For instance, equilibrium revenue per driver can decrease when the passenger arrival rate increases. We find that when the driver supply side thickens, revenue per driver decreases. The compensation drivers receive (as a fraction of total revenue generated) increases with their reservation price and decreases with the arrival rate of passengers. When demand is low, a higher wage-payout fraction can increase RSP's equilibrium revenue.
Effect of thiram treatment on sorghum seed quality in relation to accelerated ageing

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ) seeds were treated with thiram and subjected to accelerated ageing for six days. The seed quality was assessed based on germination, mould count and other biochemical parameters. The seeds treated with thiram showed a higher percentage germination when compared to that of untreated seeds from the accelerated ageing regime. The mould counts were less in thiram-treated seeds up to four days of accelerated ageing. The thiram content decreased significantly after four days of ageing. The ergosterol and free fatty acid contents increased sharply in thiram treated seeds after four days of ageing. The treated seeds showed higher formazan content after six days of accelerated ageing which was comparable with that of untreated seeds aged for four days. The lipoxygenase activity at the end of six days of accelerated ageing was higher in thiram-treated seeds when compared with that of the untreated seeds. The various seed quality parameters analysed indicated that thiram treatment could delay the seed deterioration process under adverse storage conditions.