Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Credit Card Delinquency: A Fundamental Model of Cardholder Financial Behavior

This thesis proposes a model of credit card customer delinquency based on theoretical advancements in financial decision-making. As follows, this thesis has two main research purposes. First, credit card delinquency is modeled explicitly, incorporating mechanisms from mental accounting and financial decision-making. This allows for more realistic modeling of cardholder behavior, while simultaneously inspecting the validity of these theoretical concepts. Second, the modeling specification advances previous research in the behavior scoring literature. Accounting for individual-level heterogeneity, dynamic effects are assigned as individual lag weights using a segmented approach. Hence, potentially different behavioral patterns between nondelinquent and eventual delinquent cardholders are modeled directly. Using a comprehensive dataset combining credit and debit transactions of cardholders between June 2008 and June 2011 from a Norwegian bank, support is found for the following three hypotheses related to mental accounting and present bias. First, increased payment decoupling leads to a higher likelihood of delinquency, when continued borrowing is promoted by reduced salience of past expenses. Second, the results show that behavior consistent with persistence of decision-making ineptitude also increases the likelihood of delinquency. Some cardholders habitually spend excessively, refusing to accommodate consumption to a financially reasonable level. Third, a lower concern for future consequences also increases the likelihood of delinquency. Present-biased individuals tend to discount future credit card repayments at a higher rate and consistently spend at perilously high rates. Further, the results reveal how the structure of dynamic effects improves prediction of delinquency. Capturing the heterogeneous effects of previous financial status leads to a more precise understanding of cardholder behavior. The proposed model has greater predictive performance than machine learning algorithms that are frequently applied to credit scoring data.
Clinical Outcomes and Renal Safety in HIV/AIDS Patients on Tenofovir-containing Regimens in Lesotho

Although TDF use has been associated with acceptable safety, reports of rare manifestation of renal disease in HAART regimens that include TDF have been documented. The study was conducted at Paballong HIV/AIDS care centre in Berea, Lesotho. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and renal safety in HIV/AIDS patients taking TDF-containing HAART regimens. Descriptive, observational, longitudinal retrospective design was followed on 255 adults on TDF-containing HAART regimens at the study area; from October 2015 to March 2016. Data captured on a data collection tool included baseline, follow-up and end-line characteristics of clinical outcomes and renal safety. Patients gained an estimated body weight of to 0.10 kg from baseline (p < 0.05) at any age. Females were on average 2.49 kg heavier than males (p < 0.05). The CD4 cell count results estimated a daily increase of 0.20 cells/mm3 at any age. The mean CD4 cell count of female patients was 69.13 cells/mm3 higher than for males (p = 0.02). The eGFR results contended that sex, age and body weight are risk factors to developing renal insufficiency. The eGFR declined by 0.78 ml/min/1.73m2 over the treatment duration at any age of treatment initiation (p < 0.05), while the average eGFR for females was lower (13.05 ml/min) (p < 0.05). Clinical outcomes manifesting by weight gain and CD4 cell count elevation improve at any age and better in females. The renal function is progressively deteriorated at any age and worsened in females.
Combatting Human Trafficking since Palermo: What Do We Know about What Works?

ABSTRACT In 2016, there were an estimated 40.3 million victims of modern slavery in the world, more than were enslaved during the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Since the adoption of the 2000 UN Trafficking Protocol, numerous efforts from inter-governmental agencies, governmental agencies, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), and domestic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have strived to combat the phenomena of human trafficking through legal-institutional means, direct interventions, and programs of support for those exploited. This anti-trafficking work has paid varying degrees of attention to the principles and methods of monitoring, evaluation, and impact assessment, but has often been subject to the end of project evaluations. Similar to findings of reviews of evaluations in the international development sector, evaluations of anti-trafficking programing have primarily focused on assessing the progress of project implementation and the achievement of outputs, rather than tracking the achievement of outcomes or impact. This is further complicated by the hidden nature of human trafficking and the trauma experienced by human-trafficking victims. As a consequence, despite some evidence of raised awareness and increased levels of funding, organizations are still struggling to demonstrate impact and discern what works to combat human trafficking. This article analyses the evaluations of counter-trafficking programing produced since the Protocol to draw conclusions regarding the lessons learned from these interventions and the methods used to monitor and evaluate human-trafficking programs. By highlighting gaps, this article provides a series of suggestions on how to better track progress and impact toward the elimination of modern slavery.
Activity and Partial Characterization of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Lipase in the Digestive Tract of Totoaba macdonaldi

ABSTRACT Molecular weights of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase from anterior intestine and pyloric caeca of Totoaba macdonaldi were evaluated, as well as optimum temperature and pH for activity of the proteases. Trypsin was 24.1 kDa and effectively hydrolyzed Nα-benzoyl-DL-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride at optimum pH and temperature of 8 and 65°C, respectively. Chymotrypsin was 25.9 kDa and showed higher hydrolytic activity for N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester at pH 8 and 45°C, with a wider range of statistically similar activity values. Two pancreatic lipases of 70.2 and 47.5 kDa were detected, which could be the uncleaved and the final form of a colipase-dependent pancreatic lipase, since enzyme activity was detected without supplementation of bile salts and supplementing them inhibited activity.
The Effect of Participation Effort on CSR Participation Intention: The Moderating Role of Construal Level on Consumer Perception of Warm Glow and Perceived Costs

Consumer participation typically reduces consumer skepticism and leads to a positive response to corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Although many companies are encouraging consumers to participate in CSR activities, there is still insufficient research on the effectiveness of this strategy. That is, prior studies do not provide guidelines on the effectiveness of requiring consumers to participate in CSR activities. We examine the impact of the required participation effort on CSR participation intention, focusing on the differences in consumers’ perception of a warm glow feeling and costs according to their construal level. For this study, 107 participants were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. We tested hypotheses using a 2 (CSR participation effort) × 2 (construal level) between-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA), planned contrast analysis, and mediation analysis. The results indicate that for consumers with high construal levels who perceive participation efforts as warm glow, participation efforts have a positive impact on CSR participation intention. However, for those with low construal levels who perceive participation efforts as costs, high required efforts have a negative impact on their participation intention. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results, discuss the limitations, and suggest future research directions.
Psychometrics of the Instrument Measuring Beliefs Related to Drug Abuse among Iranian College Students

Background: Researchers in the field of drug abuse need standard instruments in order to investigate the underlying factors behind the inclination to use drugs in different groups of society so that they could be able to design preventive interventions based on those instruments. The aim of this study is psychometrics of the questionnaire of the beliefs related to drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 425 male students who were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study conducted in two medical universities in Iran. The studied constructs included attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (ver. 21.0) and Amos software (ver. 21.0). Results: All of the loads of the exploratory factorial analysis were larger than 0.4. The calculated Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.906. Overall, five factors under investigation accounted for 61.15 per cent of the variance in the hypothesized model. Cronbach’s alpha for the measured constructs including attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms were 0.92, 0.90, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: The investigated questionnaire is adequately reliable and valid for measurement of the constructs of attitude, outcome expectation, outcome expectancies, self-control and subjective norms for prediction of drug abuse among Iranian male medical college students.
FDI Inflow, ICT Expansion and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Asia-Pacific Developing Countries

This article attempts to examine the dynamic interrelationships among foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, information and communication technology (ICT) expansion and economic growth empirically in the Asia-Pacific developing countries over the period of 2001–2017. Besides the significant economic effects of FDI inflows, several existing evidence also documents that progress of ICT plays a crucial role in promoting the productivity and efficiency particularly in developing economies during the present period, implying that ICT should be incorporated in a wide discussed FDI and economic growth relationship as per current necessitate. Moreover, different theories and empirics refer that FDI and ICT are also interrelated in various ways. In this context, 30 developing countries are chosen from the Asia-Pacific region to conduct some advanced panel data econometric exercises using the World Bank (2018) and World Telecommunication Indicators (2018) databases. Empirical estimations applying the panel fully modified ordinary least square, dynamic ordinary least square, pooled mean group estimator, mean group estimator and dynamic fixed effect methods reveal that both FDI and ICT have positive and significant effects on economic growth, and ICT expansion also positively influences FDI inflows in those countries. So, the ICT should be improved more as an infrastructure to receive more FDI inflows and also to experience better economic growth.
Anomaly Detection in Textured Surfaces

Detecting anomalies in textured surfaces is an important and interesting problem that has practical applications in industrial defect detection and infrastructure asset management with a lot of potential financial benefits. The main challenges in this task are that the definition of anomaly changes from domain to domain, even noise can differ from the normal data but should not be classified as an anomaly, lack of labelled datasets and a limited number of anomalous instances. In this research, we have explored weak supervision and network-based transfer learning for anomaly detection. We developed a technique called AnoNet, which is a novel and compact fully convolutional network architecture capable of learning to detect the actual shape of anomalies not only from weakly labelled data but also from a limited number of examples. It uses a unique filter bank initialization technique that allows faster training. For a H × W × 1 input image, it outputs a H × W × 1 segmentation mask and also generalises to similar anomaly detection tasks. AnoNet on an average across four challenging datasets achieved an impressive F1 Score and AUROC value of 0.98 and 0.94 respectively. The second approach involved the use of networkbased transfer learning for anomaly detection using pre-trained CNN architectures. In this investigation, fixed feature extraction and full network fine tuning approaches were explored. Results on four challenging datasets showed that the full network fine tuning based approach gave promising results with an average F1 Score and AUROC values of 0.89 and 0.98 respectively. While we have successfully explored and developed a method each for anomaly detection with weak supervision and supervision from a limited number of samples, research potential exists in semi-supervised and unsupervised anomaly detection.
Supervisi Akademik dan Bagaimana Kinerja Guru

This study aimed at investigating the implementation of academic supervision by principals, from the planning, implementation, and follow-up. Academic supervision gave impact on teachers’ performance. Teachers’ evaluations will be seen from the lesson plan, the implementation of instruction, assessment of learners and the follow-up. To achieve these objectives, we used quantitative approach. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires using Likert scale. The analysis used was simple regression analysis. The results showed there was significant correlation between the academic supervision by principals towards the teachers’ performance. If the academic supervision increases, the teachers’ performance will also increase.
Effects of dopamine receptor antagonism and amphetamine sensitization on sign- and goal-tracking after extended training

Rationale The dopamine system is thought to be important in incentive salience attribution, where motivational value is assigned to a cue that predicts an appetitive reinforcer (sign-tracking), however, dopamine’s role may change with extended training. Objectives We tested the effects of selective dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonism on the expression of Pavlovian conditioned approach after extended Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) training. We also tested the hypothesis that locomotor sensitization would accelerate the phenotypic shift to sign-tracking. Methods 24 male Long-Evans rats were subjected to 20 PCA sessions in which one lever (CS+, 10 s) predicted 0.2 mL sucrose delivery and the other lever (CS–) did not. SCH-23390 or eticlopride were administered prior to behavioral tests at doses of 0, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/kg (s.c.). In a subsequent experiment, rats were exposed to vehicle or 2 mg/kg amphetamine (i.p.) for 7 days (n = 12/group). After a 10-day incubation period, they were subjected to PCA training for 16 sessions. Results The D1 antagonist SCH-23390 reduced locomotor activity and port entries during inter-trial intervals, but the D2 antagonist eticlopride selectively reduced CS+ port entries in goal-trackers, i.e. animals motivated towards the reinforcer. Locomotor sensitization had no effect on the acquisition of sign-tracking. Conclusions A commonly used dose of SCH-23390 exhibited off-target locomotor effects and D2 receptors were not required for expression of sign-tracking after extended training. Amphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization did not enhance acquisition of sign-tracking behavior, suggesting that the sensitivity of the dopamine system does not drive acquisition of sign-tracking behavior.
The role of pre-class asynchronous online video lectures in flipped-class instruction: Identifying students perceived need satisfaction

This study aims to develop and understand what motivates university students to use asynchronous pre-class online video lectures (AOVL) for flipped classroom instruction. The study was conducted using a mixed-method research approach. A post-questionnaire survey and a focus group interview were employed in collecting qualitative data. A total of 31 respondents answered questionnaires and 10 respondents were interviewed in a focus group discussion. The quantitative result of the descriptive analysis indicates that students had positive perceptions in terms of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Besides, Pearson r correlation analysis shows a strong correlation between the whole constructs (i.e., between perceived autonomy and competence = 0.618, autonomy and relatedness = 0.939, and competence and relatedness = 0.747). Consistently, the interview discussion also reveals that the use of AOVL had successfully promoted students’ learning motivation both in and outside of the classroom. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and three key themes were identified, namely; (a) students’ mastery of content materials outside of the classroom (b) students’ interaction with peers and instructor, and (c) students’ learning autonomy. Conclusions from this study confirmed that the use of AOVL in the flip-class setting had successfully promoted students’ intrinsic needs based on self-determination theory (SDT) perspectives, namely: perceived competence, relatedness, and autonomy.
Effect of Transgenesis on the Morphology and Function of the Rabbit Mammary Gland

Transgenesis is a biotechnological process of transferring one or more genes from the DNA of a donor organism into a recipient DNA, in order to introduce genes into the genome of the recipient and exert their effects in the offspring, and to transfer that new characteristics to their progeny. This research was carried out in order to study the changes in the structure and function of the mammary gland of rabbit, in order to compare control of transgenic and non-transgenic animals. A transgenic rabbit group was created by microinjection of embryos with the WAP gene structure – hFVIII that determines synthesis of human factor VIII in the mammary gland of females. Quantitative microscopic structure and the relative volume of the glandular epithelium were examined in mammary gland tissues. There was no significant differences in the apoptotic cells percentage between transgenic and non-transgenic mammary gland tissues at third lactation stage, but the percentage of apoptotic cells at the involution stage was significantly higher in non-transgenic compared with transgenic mammary gland tissues. Analysis showed significant differences in the presence of mitochondria and vacuoles in the tissue of the mammary gland of transgenic and nontransgenic females, while the other parameters showed no significant differences. Genome manipulation and microinjection of WAP gene structure – hFVIII in transgenic rabbit embryos did not significantly affect mammary gland tissues morphology of lactating rabbits, and does not have significant expression in other organs.
The effect of self-care nursing intervention model on self-esteem and quality of life among burn patients

Objective: Burn injuries and their complications are considered the major health problems throughout the world as it has a negative effect on function of the burned part that result in psychological disturbance as depression, anxiety, irritability, body image dissatisfaction and post-traumatic stress disorder are common in burn patients that associated with adverse out comes including poor quality of life (QOL), low self-esteem, stigmatization and increase mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effect of self-care nursing intervention model on self-esteem and quality of life among burn patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized. The study was conducted at burn unit of emergency hospital, Menoufia University at Menoufia governorate, Egypt. A convenience sample of 34 adult patients (one group pre/post test) with 2nd degree burn and exposed to self care nursing intervention model that include (self-care requisites, stress management techniques and strategies for improving self esteem) in addition to routine hospital care. Three tools were used to fulfill: Tool I: Burn assessment tool, Tool II: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Tool III: World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale. Results: The main findings of the study there was statistically significant improvement of self-care knowledge related to burn management after implementing self-care model. There was statistically significant improvement of self-esteem and QOL among burn patients post-intervention than pre-intervention. Conclusions: The overall findings in the present study revealed that implementing self-care nursing intervention model at burn unit was effective when providing care as it encouraged patient to be an active participant in care and had a significant improvement of self-care management, self-esteem and QOL among burn patients. Recommendations: The self-care theory has shown to be the basis when providing nursing care as it helps in promoting therapeutic communication and trust relationship between the patient and the nurse so that encourage nurses to work and providing care with nursing theories.
NUMERACY IN CENTRAL NEW SPAIN DURING THE ENLIGHTENMENT

ABSTRACT This article presents new evidence and analysis on age heaping—a proxy for numeracy and therefore for human capital—in New Spain during the Enlightenment. Human capital plays an important role in economic growth and welfare. It is also one of the dimensions of inequality. Our results are at odds with many of the usual assumptions on which most Mexicanist historiography is based. Age heaping levels of males and females and ethnic groups across locations in Central New Spain are estimated and compared through ad hoc indicators with other countries. We infer that a more empirical emphasis on the institutional legacy of the viceregal period and more attention to human capital since pre-Conquest times will benefit the progress of Hispanic American economic history.
Outpatient Treatment of Compensated Cuff Arthropathy Using Inlay Arthroplasty With Subscapularis Preservation

Management of the rotator cuff–deficient shoulder remains challenging particularly for younger patients with higher functional demands. Patients presenting with signs and symptoms of cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) are frequently treated with reverse, total, or hemishoulder arthroplasty. Life expectancy must be taken into consideration when deciding on the treatment path for high-demand patients, particularly in light of significant complication rates and poor revision strategies for reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Subsets of patients presenting with early CTA stage IA (Seebauer Classification, Burkhart type I) are suitable candidates for a less-invasive approach. Intact fulcrum kinematics provide a compensated, deltoid-driven functional improvement when primary and secondary pain generators are addressed. Over the past 7 years, we have followed strict stage-specific selection criteria and treated these patients with a humeroacromial inlay arthroplasty (HemiCAP), which preserves the congruity of the articular surface with minimal bone resection and leaves a clinical exit strategy into total shoulder arthroplasty or hemishoulder arthroplasty if necessary. The procedure allows for a deltoid-splitting approach leaving the subscapularis untouched. This has positive implications for postoperative recovery and prevents possible approach-related complications associated with a subscapularis tenotomy. Patient selection, technical aspects, and adjuvant procedures play an important role and make superior humeral head inlay arthroplasty a safe, effective, and reproducible joint-preserving solution for early-stage compensated CTA.