Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural, Functional, and Processing Perspectives on Linguistic Island Effects

Ross (1967) observed that “island” structures like “Who do you think [NP the gift from __] prompted the rumor? ” or “Who did you hear [NP the statement [S that the CEO promoted __]]? ” are not acceptable, despite having what seem to be plausible meanings in some contexts. Ross (1967) and Chomsky (1973) hypothesized that the source of the unacceptability is in the syntax. Here, we summarize how theories of discourse, frequency, and memory from the literature might account for such effects. We suggest that there is only one island structure—a class of coordination islands—that is best explained by a syntactic/semantic constraint. We speculate that all other island structures are likely to be explained in terms of discourse, frequency, and memory. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 8 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
A cross sectional study on psycho-social factors influencing eating habits among students in a private medical college, Bhubaneswar, Odisha

Background: Poor eating habits which include meal skipping, frequent snacking and fast food consumption along with substance abuse and physical inactivity have been rampant among young adults experiencing the transition into college life.Medical training is perhaps the toughest undergraduate program draining a student physically, mentally and emotionally. As future physicians, ignoring a healthy lifestyle are more likely to fail to establish health-promoting opportunities for their patientsObjectives : To find out the eating habits among the medical students studying in a medical college and to determine the psycho-social factors associated with the eating habits among these medical students.Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 156 medical students (both boys and girls) of a private medical college, Bhubaneswar for seven days using a questionnaire and compulsive eating scale (CES) was used to collect data. The data collected was analyzed statistically using the percentage and Chi-square test.Result: 51.28%admitted skipping breakfast. 32.05% consumed vegetables and legumes more than 3 times a week. Consumption of fast food and fried food was by 90.38% of the students.The majority of the females (54.3%) ate because of feeling bored which was statistically highly significant p=0.0079. Also, te majority of students (64.3%) were eating because of feeling lonely and bored (p=0.00014). Conclusion: Nutritional education early in the MBBS Curriculum will bring about an improvement in their overall eating habits
A genetic algorithm for POMM neighborhood selection

Stochastic models are one of the most common statistical methods for texture analysis. A useful subclass of the general statistical models known as Markov random fields (MRFs) are the so called Partially Ordered Markov Models (POMMs), which is a class of stochastic texture models that view a texture as the realization of a stationary random field which is completely defined by a set of conditional probability distributions. When POMMs are applied to the wavelet coefficients of self-similar images, they have useful characteristics that can be exploited for many kinds of image analysis such as synthesis, segmentation and classification. In this thesis, a genetic algorithm is used for POMM neighborhood selection. Genetic algorithms are perhaps the most widely used evolutionary algorithms. They are stochastic search methods that simulate the metaphor of natural biological evolution. These algorithms operate on a population of potential solutions applying the principle of survival of the fittest to produce better and better approximations (members) to a solution. An implementation of the genetic algorithm, which fully considers the characteristics of wavelet coefficients of self-similar data, is proposed for multiresolution POMM neighborhood selection. Solutions are encoded as binary strings and two measures (mutual information and mean-squares error) are used as fitness functions. When the genetic algorithm is applied to binary POMM images, the selected neighborhoods are consistent with the original neighborhoods used to generate the POMM images. POMM neighborhood selection is the first step for stochastic modeling, but the parameters derived from the GA can also be used in other applications such as classification.
Optimal Operation of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine during Transients

Recent development has renewed the interest in drivetrain concepts which give a higher degree of freedom by disconnecting the engine and vehicle speeds. This freedom raises the demand for active control, which especially during transients is not trivial but of which the quality is crucial for the success of the drivetrain concept. In this work the fuel optimal solution for a turbocharged diesel engine connected to a load which does not restrict the engine speed is derived, analysed and utilized for finding a suboptimal operating point trajectory. We use a Willan s efficiency model for the engine, expanded with a first order delay dependent torque reduction representing the turbocharger pressure, and study different output power transients. The analysis is made with dynamic programming, Pontryagin’s maximum principle and a suboptimal strategy based on the static optimal operating points. We present a method for using Pontryagin’s maximum principle for deriving the optimal operating point trajectory. The time needed for computation was reduced a factor >100 compared to dynamic programming, but this method is only applicable to load cases with steps between different high output powers. We also present a suboptimal method which shows a 1000 compared to dynamic programming.
Title : Positive interactions are common among culturable bacteria

Interspecies interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities. In particular, positive, growth-promoting interactions can significantly affect the diversity and productivity of natural and engineered communities. However, the prevalence of positive interactions and the conditions in which they occur are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we used kChip, an ultra-high throughput coculture platform, to measure 180,408 interactions among 20 soil bacteria across 40 carbon environments. We find that positive interactions, often described to be rare, occur commonly, primarily as parasitisms between strains that differ in their carbon consumption profiles. Notably, non-growing strains are almost always promoted by strongly growing strains (85%), suggesting a simple positive interaction-mediated approach for cultivation, microbiome engineering, and microbial consortium design. One Sentence Summary: Experimental measurement of >150,000 bacterial cocultures reveals that growth-promoting interactions occur commonly and depend on differences in nutrient consumption preferences. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license available under a (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 25, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06. 24.169474 doi: bioRxiv preprint
Exploration of the Factors in Treatment Adherence to Coronary Heart Diseases Diagnosis Among the Multi-Ethnic Patients: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Malaysia. This study aims to explore the treatment experiences of patients with recurrent coronary heart disease during hospital admission and after discharge. This research also attempts to understand patients’ adherence to the prescribed treatment. Method: The main sample for this study includes inpatients and outpatients with recurrent CHD who have undergone secondary prevention treatment at certain tertiary hospitals which were purposively sampled. The transcripts of one-to-one semi-structured interviews (N=22) were analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Three themes emerged in the analysis of treatment adherence among multi-ethnic patients with CHD: (i) doctor-patient relationships; (ii) information-seeking behaviour; and (iii) psychosocial beliefs. Other factors that influence treatment adherence include patients’ cultural, religious, or spiritual beliefs-based complementary alternative medicines (CAM), if these factors were inadequately addressed by their respective heath professional. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that for future cardiac rehabilitation program development, health professionals must not only focus on the patient’s care improvement but must also be knowledgeable on the patient’s preferred alternative treatment.
Composite-Junction Circulators Using Ferrite Disks and Dielectric Rings

Since most junctions do not use the full available magnetic splitting of the ferrite material, it is possible to replace part of it by a dielectric. The theoretical and experimental development of such composite stripline circulators using ferrite disks surrounded by dielectric rings is given in this paper. Theoretical calculations and experimental results on the circulation frequency, gyrator admittance, and split frequencies of such circulators are included. The case of a partially magnetized ferrite disk on a ferrite substrate is treated separately. The suscteptance slope parameter of this circulator geometry is also derived and measured. The results obtained in this paper show to what extent the ferrite disk behaves as a dielectric at the edge of the disk. The geometry leads to considerable saving in ferrite material, which is particularly important in UHF circulators. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.
The East Sea (Japan Sea) in Change: A Story of Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the most important oceanographic parameters measured for understanding various physicochemical processes in the ocean. This situation has been particularly true for the East Sea study ever since the first extensive investigation in the area during the 1930s (Uda, 1934). Uda found very high and uniform concentrations of DO, around 250 μM (5.6 ml/l), for waters below a few hundred meters over entire basins, and assumed that a very fast ventilation system was operating in the East Sea. The Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas (CREAMS), Japan-Korea-Russia international cooperative studies on the East Sea have provided a unique opportunity to investigate the entire East Sea for the first time since Uda's study. A spectrophotometrically modified Winkler method (Pai et al., 1993) and a DO sensor (Sea Bird Model SBE 13) were tested successfully during the CREAMS studies for improving the precision and accuracy of DO measurement. The study further confirmed an earlier observation by Gamo et al. (1986) that DO structures in the East Sea have been changing drastically in such a way that the DO minimum depths have deepened by more than 1000 meters during the last 30 years. While the causes for these changes are not known at the present time, the analysis of DO profiles strongly suggests that the mode of deep water ventilation system in the East Sea has shifted from bottom water formation in the past to intermediate water formation at the present time (Kim and Kim, 1996). Studies of precise and accurate DO monitoring, along with other chemical tracers, deserve the highest priority for future research in the East Sea.
Becoming a Highly Effective Elementary Teacher and How to Support Teachers' Development

As teachers enter the field of teaching, teachers look to continue to develop in order to become highly effective teachers as they are often less effective than teachers with at least some experience (Boyd et al., 2008; Ladd & Sorenson, 2017). This development may occur through the support of mentors, administration, professional development (PD), as well as through trial and error, with the most development occurring during the first several years of teaching (Koedel & Betts, 2007; Rice, 2003). However, not all teachers develop into effective teachers. Some aspects that may affect a teacher’s effectiveness are the classroom environment, instruction, and pedagogy, which then may affect student engagement and achievement based on if they are effective or ineffective (Stronge, 2018). Though having a positive impact on student engagement in the classroom is essential, others have gone further to state effective teachers do much more (Roehrig et al., 2012). More recently, along with observations of teachers, the use of value-added scores linked student achievement to teacher effectiveness (Goe, 2007). However, this approach to evaluating teachers is controversial, especially among teachers (Papay, 2011; Pressley et al., 2018; Rothstein, 2009). Because of the difference between highly effective teachers and others, it is important to understand how highly effective teachers have had success within the classroom. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the development of a highly effective teacher. The researchers looked to answer the following research questions: 1) What behaviors are new and developing teachers doing that make them less effective teachers? 2) How can schools support new and developing teachers to develop into highly effective teachers? and 3) How do new, developing, and highly effective teachers approach professional development to improve teaching?
Spatial characterization of noise levels at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria

The study investigated the spatial variability in the distribution of noise pollution in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Measurements of noise were taken from 10 locations on campus namely; the academic environment including the University library and college lecture auditoria, the residential areas comprising the Student hostels and Vice-chancellor’s lodge as well as other populated areas like the car park and student union building. The noise measurement was done in the morning and evenings of Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays over a period of 3 weeks in July 2019. The noise measurement was done with the aid of Smart Sensor Digital Sound Level meter (Model: AR824). The sampling points were geo-located using a hand-held receiver for Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Questionnaires were administered to members of the University community (staff and students) to determine their respective perception of campus noise on academic activities. Data (noise and survey) were subjected to statistical analysis. Spatial analysis of the noise levels includes surface interpolation (Krigging) to determine the spatial pattern of noise across the campus, particularly, the most tranquil and most chaotic locations. The results show noise pollution levels reaching 74.3 (db) and 73.0 (db) during weekdays at some locations on campus. The noise emission level at some locations within the University exceeded the World Health Organization and Federal Ministry of Environment of Nigeria’s permissible level of 55 db for residential areas. Generally, it was observed that the ambient noise from heavy duty generating with the student chattering put noise level above 35(db) to 55(db) recommended for educational institutions. It can be inferred from statistical analyses and spatial interpolations of recorded noise levels, that noise levels of many areas in FUNAAB exceed the recommended 40 db required for an institution of higher learning. The study however finds that staff and students have adjusted to the noise on campus. Lecturers have resorted to the use of public address systems in large classes while students go to serene locations for better assimilation when studying. The study recommends reduction of point-source noises such as replacing the diesel generators with solar power. Signage should be displayed at sensitive areas such as library to reduce unnecessary noise.
Entrepreneurial behaviour and socio economic analysis of mushroom growers in Karnataka

Mushroom demand is showing tremendous growth worldwide due to its nutritional and medicinal qualities.In spite of huge potential and need to meet protein demand of large vegetarian population, India's progress in mushroom entrepreneurship is not that impressive. Entrepreneurial behaviour along with other personal and socio-psychological traits of entrepreneurs plays a prominent role in achieving success in any enterprise. In the present study conducted among the mushroom growing entrepreneurs across Karnataka State, an effort was made to understand influence of identified variables on farmers' entrepreneurial behaviour. Five attributes of farmers and their units, six attributes of socio-psychological traits and four extension variables were studied for investigating their effect on entrepreneurial behaviour of the respondents. Regression analysis showed that, academic qualification, cosmopolitanism, self-reliance, mass media participation, extension participation and training were significantly contributing to the entrepreneurial behaviour of the respondents.
The Role of Innate Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Migration Inhibitory Factor(MIF) in Vitiligo Patients

Vitiligo is a common acquired autoimmune disease of the skin characterize by a prospective loss functional melanocytes.Genetic and non-genetic factors play a role in its pathogenesis. This study was conducted on 90 patient with vitiligo( 40 males and 50 females ). they were attended to thedermatology department in Al-Forat hospital during the period from 1 October 2020 to 1 March 2021.Cytokine profiles(IL-6, TNF-α , IL-17, and MIF ) were doing by using ELIZA technique . The results showed that The Serum levels of cytokines IL-6 ( 169± 48.1) , TNF-α (59.8± ), IL-17( 84.2 ±48.1), and MIF(5.8±4.5) were increase significantly( P˂0.05) in patients compared to control (95.6 ± , 52.1 ± ,57.4± ,and 3.6± ) . Also , serum levels of all these cytokines were significantly(p < 0.05) raised in generalized vitiligo as compared to localized vitiligo . According to disease activity( active or stable) , the level of all cytokines for both generalized and localized vitiligo was found to be significantly(p < 0.05) elevated in active stage when compared with stabled stage.
BALASSA-SAMUELSON PRODUCTIVITY BIAS HYPOTHESIS REVISITED: Evidence from Panel Co-integration Tests and Dynamic Panel GMM Estimates

This paper empirically investigates the validity of Balassa-Samuelson (BS) effect for selected ninety-one countries over a sample period for twenty-six years. Pedroni's heterogeneous panel co-integration procedures and panel dynamic GMM models are applied. Both real effective exchange rates and labor productivity are non-stationary and co-integrated in log-levels. The BS effect is evidenced in term of deviations of real effective exchange rates from the PPP due to labor productivity differentials.
EVALUATION OF WETLAND BUFFER AREAS FOR TREATMENT OF PUMPED AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE WATER

A computer method was developed for predicting nutrient and sediment removal from agricultural drainage water pumped onto wetland buffer areas. The method utilizes a model for simulating drainage from agricultural land and a model for simulating overland flow, and nutrient and sediment removal on wetlands. Both simulation models were calibrated using data collected in field experiments. The simulation models were then coupled to predict the percent removal of sediment, total phosphorus (P), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) from drainage water for a 20-year period of climatological data. This method predicted that the 240 ha wetland buffer at the field research site could be expected to remove over 79% of the TKN, NO3-N, P, and sediment in drainage water from a 1250 ha agricultural watershed. The method was used to evaluate the effects of buffer size and shape on the nutrient and sediment removal effectiveness of the wetland.
Biologie intégrative du métabolisme lipidique chez les levures du genre Blastobotrys

Les levures oleagineuses ascomycetes font partie des productrices de lipides les plus connus de notre epoque. Elles peuvent produire des lipides, des molecules chimiques derivees et des acides organiques a partir de sucres simples ou complexes. Nous avons choisi les levures du genre Blastobotrys afin de definir un nouvel organisme modele pour la production d'acides gras et de lipides, car ces levures sont capables de synthetiser et de stocker naturellement 15 a 25% de lipides dans leur biomasse seche a partir de glucose et xylose, soit plus que Yarrowia. lipolytica dans les memes conditions. La plupart des etudes d'ingenierie metabolique connues ont utilise les levures du genre Blastobotrys dans une logique de production de molecules differentes des lipides. Nous avons caracterise les traits oleagineux de deux souches appartenant a deux especes du genre Blastobotrys, en utilisant comme substrats du glucose, xylose, glycerol, fructose, cellobiose, saccharose, galactose avec un rapport C/N de 60. La plus forte production de lipides vient du cellobiose (35%) et du glucose (32%). Ensuite, afin de mieux comprendre le metabolisme des lipides des levures du genre Blastobotrys, nous avons explore l'effet de la temperature sur leur physiologie, production de lipides et le profil lipidique en utilisant un milieu YNB contenant 30 g/L de glucose. Nous n'avons pas trouve de difference marquee de transition de formes entre les formes hyphes et les levures en milieu YNB sous l’effet de quatre temperatures (28°C, 37°C, 42°C, 45°C), mais la production des lipides est favorisee a 28°C et le C18:1 est l'acide gras le plus abondant dans le profil lipidique. Nous avons transforme avec succes l’espece B. raffinosifermentans grâce au systeme Xplor2. Nous avons pu augmenter l'accumulation de lipides en sur-exprimant deux diacylglycerol acyltransferase endogenes, DGA1 et DGA2. Le niveau d’expression eleve de DGA1 dans nos mutants n’est pas correle a une production elevee de lipides alors que celui de DGA2 l’est. Notre meilleure souche, derivee de la souche parentale G1212, a produit 26,5% de lipides a partir de 30 g/L de glucose en culture en flasque. Ce travail represente l’une des premieres ingenieries metaboliques de souches de Blastobotrys pour la production de lipides. Ce sont donc des levures oleagineuses comme Y. lipolytica avec un potentiel biotechnologique avere.
Arsenic removal using oxidative media and nanofiltration

Nanofiltration (NF) is a promising drinking water treatment technology for arsenic removal; however, most of the research on NF treatment of arsenic has used synthetic water. In this investigation, a pilot membrane system treated groundwater naturally contaminated with arsenic to test the performance of two NF membranes and one reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, both with and without oxidizing pretreatment using manganese dioxide (MnO2). The arsenic concentration in the groundwater was ~ 40 μg/L, mostly present as arsenite, a neutral species. Without the oxidizing pretreatment, the two NF membranes provided almost no removal whereas the RO membrane provided ~ 25 to 50% arsenic removal, depending on operating conditions. Following pretreatment with MnO2, the treated arsenic concentration dropped to < 4 μg/L (90% removal) for all three membranes. The substantially improved performance for these negatively charged membranes was attributed to the oxidation of the neutrally charged arsenite to negatively charged arsenate. These results indicate that where arsenite is present, facilities with RO or NF processes can dramatically enhance their arsenic removal by adding a membrane‐compatible oxidation step such as MnO2 filtration.