Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupling relationship between Calligonum L. community species diversity and soil factors in China

Regression analysis was used to study the relationship between Calligonum L.community species diversity and soil factors.The results show that the particle sizes,soil pH,available P,K+,Na+,HCO3-and Cl-are correlative to species diversity indices significantly(P0.05). By analyzing thick sand(0.5-0.25 mm,soil pH,available P and K+ mattered with species diversity indices respectively,it is proved that they are all fitted in form of binomial model,which means that the highest or lowest species diversity occurs in the middle of the gradient.The relationships between silver sand(0.1-0.05 mm) and species diversity indices,Cl-and species diversity indices are complicated,furthermore both of them are fitted in form of binomial model and linear regression.The relationship between Na+ and species diversity indices is negative linear,while the reverse conclusion on the relationship between HCO3-and species diversity has been reached.Regression analysis also indicates the relationship between annual precipitation and species evenness index is fitted best in form of binomial model,and the relationship between annual mean temperature and species diversity indices is fitted best in form of binomial model or linear regression.
High-resolution simulations of interactions between surface ocean dynamics and frazil ice

Abstract. Frazil and grease ice forms in the ocean mixed layer (OML) during highly turbulent conditions (strong wind, large waves) accompanied by intense heat loss to the atmosphere. Three main velocity scales that shape the complex, three-dimensional (3D) OML dynamics under those conditions are the friction velocity u* at the ocean–atmosphere interface, the vertical velocity w* associated with convective motion, and the vertical velocity w*,L associated with Langmuir turbulence. The fate of buoyant particles, e.g., frazil crystals, in that dynamic environment depends primarily on their floatability, i.e., the ratio of their rising velocity wt to the characteristic vertical velocity, which is dependent on w* and w*,L. In this work, the dynamics of frazil ice is investigated numerically with the high-resolution, non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic model CROCO (Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity Model), extended to account for frazil transport and its interactions with surrounding water. An idealized model setup is used (a square computational domain with periodic lateral boundaries, spatially uniform atmospheric and wave forcing). The model reproduces the main features of buoyancy- and wave-forced OML circulation, including the preferential concentration of frazil particles in elongated patches at the sea surface. Two spatial patterns are identified in the distribution of frazil volume fraction at the surface: one related to individual surface convergence zones, very narrow, and oriented approximately parallel to the wind/wave direction and one in the form of wide streaks with a separation distance of a few hundred meters, oriented obliquely to the direction of the forcing. Several series of simulations are performed, differing in terms of the level of coupling between the frazil and hydrodynamic processes, from a situation when frazil has no influence on hydrodynamics (as in most models of material transport in the OML) to a situation in which frazil modifies the net density, effective viscosity, and transfer coefficients at the ocean–atmosphere interface and exerts a net drag force on the surrounding water. The role of each of those effects in shaping the bulk OML characteristics and frazil transport is assessed, and the density of the ice–water mixture is found to have the strongest influence on those characteristics.
Species distribution modelling leads to the discovery of new populations of one of the least known European snakes, Vipera ursinii graeca, in Albania

Vipera ursinii graeca is a restricted-range, endemic snake of the Pindos mountain range in the southwestern Balkans. The subspecies was previously reported from eight localities in Greece and one locality in southern Albania. We used species distribution modelling based on climate data from known localities in Greece to estimate the potential distribution of the subspecies. The model predicted suitable areas for eleven mountains in southern Albania, which we visited in ten field expeditions in four years. Based on 78 live individuals and 33 shed skins, we validated the presence of the snake on eight of the eleven mountains. Six populations (Dhembel, Llofiz, Griba, Shendelli, Tomorr and Trebeshine Mountains) are reported here for the first time. Morphological characters undoubtedly supported that all individuals found at these new localities belong to V. u. graeca . Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences also confirmed the identity of the snakes as V. u. graeca and a low number of identified haplotypes suggested low genetic variability among populations despite significant spatial isolation. All localities were subalpine-alpine calcareous meadows above 1600 m. These high montane habitats are separated by deep valleys and are threatened by overgrazing, soil erosion, and a potential increase in the elevation of the tree line due to climate change. Our surveys increased the number of known populations by 60% and the known geographical range of the subspecies by approximately 30%. Our study serves as a baseline for further ecological research and for conservation measures for one of the least known European viperid snakes.
Continuous in situ measurements of anchor ice formation, growth, and release

Abstract. In northern rivers, turbulent water becomes supercooled (i.e. cooled to slightly below the freezing point) when exposed to freezing air temperatures. In supercooled turbulent water, frazil (small ice disks) crystals are generated in the water column, and anchor ice starts to form on the bed. Two anchor ice formation mechanisms have been reported in the literature: either by the accumulation of suspended frazil particles, which are adhesive (sticky) in nature, on the riverbed or by in situ growth of ice crystals on the bed material. Once anchor ice has formed on the bed, the accumulation typically continues to grow (due to either further frazil accumulation and/or crystal growth) until release occurs due to mechanical (shear force by the flow or buoyancy of the accumulation) or thermal (warming of the water column which weakens the ice-substrate bond) forcing or a combination of the two. There have been a number of detailed laboratory studies of anchor ice reported in the literature, but very few field measurements of anchor ice processes have been reported. These measurements have relied on either sampling anchor ice accumulations from the riverbed or qualitatively describing the observed formation and release. In this study, a custom-built imaging system (camera and lighting) was developed to capture high-resolution digital images of anchor ice formation and release on the riverbed. A total of six anchor ice events were successfully captured in the time-lapse images, and for the first time, the different initiation, growth, and release mechanisms were measured in the field. Four stages of the anchor ice cycle were identified: Stage 1: initiation by in situ crystal growth; Stage 2: transitional phase; Stage 3: linear growth; and Stage 4: release phase. Anchor ice initiation due to in situ growth was observed in three events, and in the remainder, the accumulation appeared to be initiated by frazil deposition. The Stage 1 growth rates ranged from 1.3 to 2.0 cm/h, and the Stage 2 and 3 growth rates varied from 0.3 to 0.9 cm/h. Anchor ice was observed releasing from the bed in three modes: lifting of the entire accumulation, shearing of layers of the accumulation, and rapid release of the entire accumulation.
PrOgnOstiC value in breast CanCer

Breast cancer is the most leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. Identification of novel biomarkers for prognosis is required. Imunohistochemical evaluation of CIP2A and ROCK-1 expressions in 126 breast tissue specimens stratified as 21 ductal hyperplasias, 17 duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 88 invasive carcinomas (56 invasive ductal carcinomas NST, 32 invasive lobular carcinomas) was studied. High CIP2A expression was detected in 48.9% of invasive carcinomas. CIP2A overexpression was significantly related to Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) (p = 0.011), stage (p = 0.01), ER negativity (p = 0.031), PR negativity (p = 0.048), and HER-2 positivity (p = 0.02). CIP2A was significantly overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p = 0.004). ROCK-1 expression was detected in 54.5% of invasive carcinomas. Statistically significant associations were observed between ROCK-1 expression and NPI (p = 0.032), stage (p = 0.002), ER negativity (p = 0.012), PR negativity (p = 0.023), HER-2 positivity (p = 0.016), and TNBC subtype (p = 0.033). A positive association between CIP2A and ROCK-1 expressions (p < 0.0001) was documented. There was a significant association between shorter overall survival and high CIP2A and positive ROCK-1 expressions (p < 0.0001) and (p < 0.0001). CIP2A and ROCK-1 expressions could be used as markers for the poor prognosis of breast cancer.
Versus Sellers : Who Initiates Trades And When ?

We examine the relation between the flow of orders from buyers and sellers, and past return and stock characteristics. We find that the difference between buyerand seller-initiated trades (the order imbalance) is negatively related to short horizon returns, but positively related to returns over longer horizons. We also find strong evidence of tax-motivated trading around the turn of the year. We do not find support for the flight-to-quality hypothesis, which posits selling as market risk increases.
Expanding the design space of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering to include precipitation-based objectives and explore trade-offs

Abstract. Previous climate modeling studies demonstrate the ability of feedback-regulated, stratospheric aerosol geoengineering with injection at multiple independent latitudes to meet multiple simultaneous temperature-based objectives in the presence of anthropogenic climate change. However, the impacts of climate change are not limited to rising temperatures but also include changes in precipitation, loss of sea ice, and many more; knowing how a given geoengineering strategy will affect each of these climate metrics is vital to understanding the limits and trade-offs of geoengineering. In this study, we first introduce a new method of visualizing the design space in which desired climate outcomes are represented by 2-D surfaces on a 3-D graph. Surface orientations represent how different injection choices influence that objective, and intersecting surfaces represent objectives which can be met simultaneously. Using this representation as a guide, we present simulations of two new strategies for feedback-regulated aerosol injection, using the Community Earth System Model with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model – CESM1(WACCM). The first simultaneously manages global mean temperature, tropical precipitation centroid, and Arctic sea ice extent, while the second manages global mean precipitation, tropical precipitation centroid, and Arctic sea ice extent. Both simulations control the tropical precipitation centroid to within 5 % of the goal, and the latter controls global mean precipitation to within 1 % of the goal. Additionally, the first simulation overcompensates sea ice, while the second undercompensates sea ice; all of these results are consistent with the expectations of our design space model. In addition to showing that precipitation-based climate metrics can be managed using feedback alongside other goals, our simulations validate the utility of our design space visualization in predicting our climate model behavior under a given geoengineering strategy, and together they help illustrate the fundamental limits and trade-offs of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering.
Spatial dependence in fertility and related factors in Cote d’Ivoire: A cross national analysis of census data, 2014

Diffusion of fertility control is recognized as one of the main factors that contribute to reduce fertility, particularly, in low-income countries. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa characterized by poverty and high fertility, little research has been conducted on this topic. This article contributes to improve the knowledge of the determinants of fertility by considering both structural factors and aggregate pattern of spatial behaviour. We measure spatial dependence in fertility and related factors, and then assess the diffusion effect of fertility behaviour across 518 administrative divisions based on Cote d’Ivoire census data conducted in 2014. We found out that spatial diffusion in fertility is statistically significant after controlling structural characteristics of women, which means that women shaped their demand for children based on their own characteristics and the influence of ideas, informations related to fertility control. By comparing areas of residence, we found that urbanization, employment and exposure of media (television/radio) were more significant in areas with the lowest child-woman ratio than in areas with the highest fertility rate. Considering spatial concentration of women’s characteristics, the lowest cluster of female employment, educated women, women living in cities, household that owned radio/television were registered in areas with the highest child-woman ratio. However, these areas have the highest concentration of married women, who were likely to share conservative values of having many children.
Fit in the Future of Work 2050: Towards a Person-Skills Fit Perspective

What do antecedents of person-job and person-organization fit theories tell us when examining the future of work, and what are the respective theoretical and practical implications? Although the future of work literature is expansive, it has been subject to several questions, some of which involve the theories under which the future of work is studied. However, empirical evidence on fit antecedents for the future of work remains limited, leading researchers to search for an ever-growing but still unsettled list of factors, and theoretical progress in understanding the contingencies has begun to stall. In this article, we seek to address these gaps and help reinvigorate future of work research by focusing attention on a specific form of fit in future organizations—that manifested in employees’ competencies and skills. In the context of the future of work, the skills represent specific learned abilities that individuals need to perform well on a given task or job. Guided by these insights and by recent work that outlines future workforce challenges, we introduce and develop a novel construct to future of work research—Person-Skills (P-S) fit, that is, skills level and relevancy associated with jobs in future organizations. We illustrate how these changes affect the nature of person-job and person-organization fit theories and thus yield new theoretical and practical implications. We test these ideas by outlining eight research propositions related to the future of work and fit antecedents and by comparing and contrasting traditional and future organizations. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this novel construct for promoting and measuring fit in the context of the future of work.
Differences in the major fiber-tracts of people with congenital and acquired blindness

In order to better understand how our visual system processes information, we must understand the underlying brain connectivity architecture, and how it can get reorganized under visual deprivation. The full extent to which visual development and visual loss affect connectivity is not well known. To investigate the effect of the onset of blindness on structural connectivity both at the whole-brain voxel-wise level and at the level of all major white-matter tracts, we applied two complementary Diffusion-Tension Imaging (DTI) methods, TBSS and AFQ. Diffusion-weighted brain images were collected from three groups of participants: congenitally blind (CB), acquired blind (AB), and fully sighted controls. The differences between these groups were evaluated on a voxel-wise scale with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) method, and on larger-scale with Automated Fiber Quantification (AFQ), a method that allows for between-group comparisons at the level of the major fiber tracts. TBSS revealed that both blind groups tended to have higher FA than sighted controls in the central structures of the brain. AFQ revealed that, where the three groups differed, congenitally blind participants tended to be more similar to sighted controls than to those participants who had acquired blindness later in life. These differences were specifically manifested in the left uncinated fasciculus, the right corticospinal fasciculus, and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, areas broadly associated with a range of higher-level cognitive systems.
Community structure and ecological distribution of airborne microbes in summer in Beijing

Airborne microbes are living bodies which include airborne bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc. They are fundamental biological components in an urban ecosystem and have a direct relationship with ecological balance and the function of many other life forms in nature. Initial research on airborne microbes can be traced back to the mid-19th Century, when Schwann found that the axenic materials were the cause of fermentation and contagion by airborne microbes. Now, due to the effects of human activities, the main focus has gradually changed from the investigation on animal and plant-life diseases to urban microbe contamination and the discrepancy of different microbe monitoring system. Admittedly, airborne microbes propagate and diffuse all around the environment, which does lead to human allergies and affect human health. Elevated levels of airborne microbe concentration have been proven to be associated with decreased lung function, increased adverse respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and asthma attacks, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, and lung cancer. Moreover, green space and fancy vegetation in urban locals could succumb to disease because of the pathogens in the atmosphere. In addition, metal materials of urban structures and precise instruments of scientific research could also be eroded by airborne microbes, which could lead to significant economic loss.This study on the community structure and ecological distribution characteristic of airborne microbes was carried out in detail in Beijing. Results showed that Gram positive bacteria contributing 70%～85% were much more than Gram negative bacteria, the Gram positive cocci accounting for 35%～45% were the dominant bacteria. Amongst 30 genera of bacteria, including 20 Gram positive bacteria and 10 Gram negative bacteria, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were most predominant. In different functional regions, the most frequently isolated fungal genus were Cladosporium, Alternaria, non-sporulating mycelia, Penicillium and Aspergillus respectively. Cladosporium, which account for 48.22% of the total fungi concentration, was the most dominant genus. The concentration of airborne bacteria was significantly lower in Garden Greenbelt (GGB) than in Culture and Education Region (CER), and Main Traffic Line (MTL). Whereas the concentration of airborne fungi in GGB was higher than in CER and MTL. In different time in a day, the lower number of airborne bacteria was exhibited at 13 o′clock.
Harmony Search Algorithm and Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Approaches to Enhance Power System Performance

This paper aims to minimize total power losses and improve system lodability through finding optimal location of Thyresitor-Controlled Series Compensators (TCSCs). Optimum allocation of TCSC devices and their sizing is obtained by a harmony search algorithm (HS) and Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) approaches. IEEE 30-bus Systems were successfully demonstrated by that approach.
Bank Monitoring and Corporate Tax Planning: Evidence from Loan Covenants

This study examines the effect of bank monitoring on corporate tax planning behavior. To identify the causal effect, we use a regression discontinuity design, taking advantage of the discrete nature of bank control rights surrounding covenant violation thresholds. We find that strengthened bank monitoring triggered by loan covenant violations leads firms to generate more cash tax savings. The positive effect of bank monitoring on cash tax savings is more pronounced among firms without a relationship bank, with severe information asymmetry, facing higher economic policy uncertainty, and having larger institutional ownership before covenant violations. Moreover, we show that there is a decline in tax risk following loan covenant violations. Our findings highlight the important monitoring role of banks in shaping corporate tax planning behavior.
Preferred wind direction of long-distance leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) migrants and its relevance to the return migration of small insects

(1) The problem of the long-distance, return migration to their overwintering region by weakly flying aeroplankton was investigated. Aircraft-mounted nets were used to sample for migrant potato leafhoppers at an altitude of 152 m above ground level along a transect in Central Pennsylvania during the summers of 1981 and 1982. (2) The wind most frequently associated with the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, migratory flight during June-September was from the north-northeast; the prevailing wind during the summer months is from the west. (3) The distribution of windspeed and direction during the sampling period was similar to the 30-year averages at c.1500 m (850 mB) at Buffalo, New York. (4) In both years the peak leafhopper densities were associated with the passage of cold fronts from west to east. (5) It is postulated that the meteorological conditions associated with these frontal systems stimulate exodus flights of migrant leafhoppers at a moment most likely to facilitate a return to their southern overwintering sites.
The Relationship Between Resting Heart Rate and Age in Adult Nigerians

Background: Resting heart rate is related to cardiovascular mortality as well as to all-cause mortality. It is therefore important to know whether resting heart rate changes with age in adults. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between heart rate and age in adult Nigerians. Methods: It was a retrospective study on adult Nigerians attending a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. All the needed data were retrieved from the medical records. Heart rate was calculated from the electrocardiogram and correlated with age. Results: There were 99 cases aged between 20 and 54 years and comprised of 60 males and 39 females. The mean heart rate was 73.40±13.16 beats/minute. Across the various decades, the mean heart rate in beats per minute was 73.46±10.70 in the third decade, 75.52±12.16 in the fourth decade, 72.38±13.91 in the fifth decade, and 71.60±18.77 in the sixth decade of life (p=0.770). Heart rate correlated negatively and weakly with age (r=- 0.034, p=0.736). There were more cases of sinus bradycardia than sinus tachycardia, but the proportion of cases with heart rate outside 60 beats per minute to 100 beats per minute was small. Conclusion: This study showed that resting heart rate did not change with age in young adult and middle-aged Nigerians who had no clinical evidence of heart disease. A greater proportion of them were in normal sinus rhythm.