Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Satisfiability Threshold for Non-Uniform Random 2-SAT

Propositional satisfiability (SAT) is one of the most fundamental problems in computer science. Its worst-case hardness lies at the core of computational complexity theory, for example in the form of NP-hardness and the (Strong) Exponential Time Hypothesis. In practice however, SAT instances can often be solved efficiently. This contradicting behavior has spawned interest in the average-case analysis of SAT and has triggered the development of sophisticated rigorous and non-rigorous techniques for analyzing random structures. Despite a long line of research and substantial progress, most theoretical work on random SAT assumes a uniform distribution on the variables. In contrast, real-world instances often exhibit large fluctuations in variable occurrence. This can be modeled by a non-uniform distribution of the variables, which can result in distributions closer to industrial SAT instances. We study satisfiability thresholds of non-uniform random $2$-SAT with $n$ variables and $m$ clauses and with an arbitrary probability distribution $(p_i)_{i\in[n]}$ with $p_1 \ge p_2 \ge \ldots \ge p_n > 0$ over the n variables. We show for $p_1^2=\Theta(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i^2)$ that the asymptotic satisfiability threshold is at $m=\Theta( (1-\sum_{i=1}^n p_i^2)/(p_1\cdot(\sum_{i=2}^n p_i^2)^{1/2}) )$ and that it is coarse. For $p_1^2=o(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i^2)$ we show that there is a sharp satisfiability threshold at $m=(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i^2)^{-1}$. This result generalizes the seminal works by Chvatal and Reed [FOCS 1992] and by Goerdt [JCSS 1996].
Magnetic field vector ambiguity resolution in a quiescent prominence observed on two consecutive days

Context. Magnetic field vector measurements are always ambiguous, that is, two or more field vectors are solutions of the observed polarisation. Aims. The aim of the present paper is to solve the ambiguity by comparing the ambiguous field vectors obtained in the same prominence observed on two consecutive days. The effect of the solar rotation is to modify the scattering angle of the prominence radiation, which modifies the symmetry of the ambiguous solutions. This method, which is a kind of tomography, was successfully applied in the past to the average magnetic field vector of 20 prominences observed at the Pic du Midi. The aim of the present paper is to apply this method to a prominence observed with spatial resolution at the THÉMIS telescope (European site at Izaña, Tenerife Island). Methods. The magnetic field vector is measured by interpretation of the Hanle effect observed in the He I D3 5875.6 Å line, within the horizontal field vector hypothesis for simplicity. The ambiguity is first solved by comparing the two pairs of solutions obtained for a “big pixel” determined by averaging the observed Stokes parameters in a large region at the prominence centre. Each pixel is then disambiguated by selecting the closest solution in a propagation from the prominence centre to the prominence boundary. Results. The results previously obtained on averaged prominences are all recovered. The polarity is found to be inverse with a small angle of about −21° between the magnetic field vector and the long axis of the filament. The magnetic field strength of about 6 G is found to slightly increase with height, as previously observed. The new result is the observed decrease with height, of the absolute value of the angle between the magnetic field vector and the long axis of the filament. Conclusions. This result is in excellent agreement with prominence magnetohydrodynamical models.
Fingerprinting codes and the price of approximate differential privacy

We show new lower bounds on the sample complexity of (ε, δ)-differentially private algorithms that accurately answer large sets of counting queries. A counting query on a database D ∈ ({0, 1}d)n has the form "What fraction of the individual records in the database satisfy the property q? " We show that in order to answer an arbitrary set Q of » nd counting queries on D to within error ±α it is necessary that [EQUATION] This bound is optimal up to poly-logarithmic factors, as demonstrated by the Private Multiplicative Weights algorithm (Hardt and Rothblum, FOCS'10). It is also the first to show that the sample complexity required for (ε, δ)-differential privacy is asymptotically larger than what is required merely for accuracy, which is O(log |Q|/α2). In addition, we show that our lower bound holds for the specific case of k-way marginal queries (where |Q| = 2k(d/k)) when α is a constant. Our results rely on the existence of short fingerprinting codes (Boneh and Shaw, CRYPTO'95; Tardos, STOC'03), which we show are closely connected to the sample complexity of differentially private data release. We also give a new method for combining certain types of sample complexity lower bounds into stronger lower bounds.
A meta-regression analysis on intergenerational transmission of education: publication bias and genuine empirical effect

In this article, we evaluate to what extent parental education impacts the education of their children by using a meta-regression analysis. Since the mi-1970s, there is a large and growing literature that deals with the causal impact on parental education on children’s education. Those studies exhibit a large range of values for the education transmission coefficient. We consider an alternative way to estimate a true effect of parent education, discussing the existing empirical literature by using a meta-regression analysis. Our database is composed of a large set of both published and unpublished papers written over the last 40 years (1974-2014). This database allows us to econometrically evaluate an effect of parents education on their children, irrespective of articles heterogeneity (data sources, included explanatory variables, econometric strategy, type of publication), and of publication bias. We find evidence for both a publication bias and a large transmission coefficient of education.
Global Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of sub-Eddington Accretion Disks around Supermassive Black Holes

We conduct global three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the inner regions of accretion flows around a 5 × 108M⊙ black hole, with mass accretion rates reaching 7% and 20% of the Eddington value. We choose initial field topologies that result in an inner disk supported by magnetic pressure, with surface density significantly smaller than the values predicted by the standard thin-disk model as well as a much larger disk scale height. The disks do not show any sign of thermal instability over many thermal timescales. More than half of the accretion is driven by radiation viscosity in the optically thin coronal region for the case of the lower accretion rate, while accretion in the optically thick part of the disk is driven by the Maxwell and Reynolds stresses from turbulence caused by magnetorotational instability. Optically thin plasma with gas temperatures ≳108 K is generated only in the inner ≈10 gravitational radii in both simulations, and is more compact in the case of the higher accretion rate. Such plasma does not form at larger radii because the surface density increases outward with radius, causing less dissipation outside the photosphere. In contrast to standard thin-disk models, the surface density in our simulations increases with increasing mass accretion rate at each radius. This causes a relatively weaker hot plasma component for the simulation with a higher accretion rate. We suggest that these results may provide a physical mechanism for understanding some of the observed properties of coronae and spectra of active galactic nuclei.
OPTIMAL PLANTING DENSITY FOR ACHIEVEING HIGHER YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY OF TWO TYPES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)

Planting density is important for a high yield and quality of cotton, but still little is known about its effects on seed yield and fiber quality in Anhui province, China. A field experiment was carried out with two varieties (Wankemian-1 and Wanmian-191), and five planting densities (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5). Results showed that the boll number per plant and boll weight decreased significantly with increasing planting density. The highest yields of Wanmian-191 and Wankemian-1 were 3591.0 and 3504.5 kg ha in D2 and D4, respectively. It was estimated that the planting densities in Wanmian-191 and Wankemian-1 for the maximum seed yield were 79000 and 115000 plants ha, and the corresponding yields were 3610.3 and 3513.2 kg ha, respectively. Suitable planting density increased the seed yield mainly by regulating the boll number per unit area and boll weight. Although the fiber quality was better for Wanmian-191 and Wankemian-1 under the planting density of 90000 and 79000 plants ha, in order to obtain high seed yield, quality and economic benefits, the optimal planting densities are 79000 and 115000 plants ha, respectively. There results will provide guideline for planting density to maximize yield and quality of cotton production in Anhui, China.
Is young athletes’ bullying behaviour different in team, combat or individual sports?

This study aims at describing and comparing the prevalence of bullying behaviours and the perspective of victims, bystanders, and aggressors in team, individual, and combat sports. The survey involved 664 athletes of both genders (13-18 years old) from sports school and federated of several sports (team n=451, individual n=173, combat n=40), who filled in the Prevention of Violence in Sport Questionnaire. The prevalence of bullying (victims, bullies, and bystanders) was 26.7% in team sports; 19.1% in individual sports, and 23.1% in combat. Through the Chi-square test, it was verified that there were no significant differences between different sports in what concerns the prevalence of bullying behaviours; neither was there a difference in the perspective of victims, bystanders, and aggressors. The percentage was bigger in victims (7.7%) and bystanders (17.4%) in combat sports, and aggressors (3.3%) in team sports. There are not aggressors in combat sports. Further studies are needed in order to achieve a deeper knowledge of the problem and plan strategies to prevent this sort of behaviour. Keywords: bullying, individual-sports, team-sports, combat-sports, youth
Continuous energy restriction (CER) plus 16/8 time-restricted feeding improve body composition and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese, but no more than CER alone

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend continuous energy restriction (CER) and lifestyle change as the basis of obesity treatment. Recently, several intermittent fasting protocols have received considerable interest as an alternative weight loss strategy. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of 8-week CER versus CER along with 16/8 time-restricted feeding (16/8 TRF) on body composition and metabolic markers in excess weight physically active subjects. METHODS: Twenty-four physically active obese or overweight adults, from both genders, were split into two groups: CER plus 16/8 TRF (CER + TRF) and CER. Both groups consumed a 20%energy restriction diet. CER plus 16/8 TRF were asked to consume their meals during an 8-hour open window (12 to 20 pm). We evaluated body composition and metabolic biomarkers before and after the intervention. RESULTS: We observed a reduction in body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat mass (FM) in both groups. However, a decrease in fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was seen only in the CER. Although fasting glucose did not change, we observed a decrease in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in both groups. Leptin decrease in both treatments. Cortisol levels increased only in the CER group. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that CER + TRF is as effective as CER to promote weight and fat loss, but, CER + TRF seems to be more efficient in maintaining lean body mass.
Relaxations and Relaxor-Ferroelectric-Like Response of Nanotubularly Confined Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Herein, we elucidate the impact of tubular confinement on the structure and relaxation behavior of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) and how these affect the para-/ferroelectric behavior of this polymer. We use PVDF nanotubes that were solidified in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements evidence a bimodal relaxation process for PVDF nanotubes: besides the bulk-like α-relaxation, we detect a notably slower relaxation that is associated with the PVDF regions of restricted dynamics at the interface with the AAO pore. Strikingly, both the bulk-like and the interfacial relaxation tend to become temperature independent as the temperature increases, a behavior that has been observed before in inorganic relaxor ferroelectrics. In line with this, we observe that the real part of the dielectric permittivity of the PVDF nanotubes exhibits a broad maximum when plotted against the temperature, which is, again, a typical feature of relaxor ferroelectrics. As such, we propose that,.
Damping constant in a free layer in nanoscale CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions investigated by homodyne-detected ferromagnetic resonance

We investigate the damping constant of a free layer with a perpendicular magnetic easy axis in nanoscale CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a reference layer with an in-plane easy direction. The built-in noncollinear magnetization configuration in the MTJs allows us to measure homodyne-detected ferromagnetic resonance without tilting the magnetization direction of the free layer from the device normal. The damping constants determined from the spectral linewidths after the subtraction of the inhomogeneous broadening are nearly independent of the device diameter ranging from 70 to 100 nm, and take values similar to those reported for blanket CoFeB films.
Long-range functional coupling predicts performance: Oscillatory EEG networks in multisensory processing

The integration of sensory signals from different modalities requires flexible interaction of remote brain areas. One candidate mechanism to establish communication in the brain is transient synchronization of oscillatory neural signals. Although there is abundant evidence for the involvement of cortical oscillations in brain functions based on the analysis of local power, assessment of the phase dynamics among spatially distributed neuronal populations and their relevance for behavior is still sparse. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between remote brain areas by analyzing high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) data obtained from human participants engaged in a visuotactile pattern matching task. We deployed an approach for purely data-driven clustering of neuronal phase coupling in source space, which allowed imaging of large-scale functional networks in space, time and frequency without defining a priori constraints. Based on the phase coupling results, we further explored how brain areas interacted across frequencies by computing phase-amplitude coupling. Several networks of interacting sources were identified with our approach, synchronizing their activity within and across the theta (~5 Hz), alpha (~10 Hz), and beta (~ 20 Hz) frequency bands and involving multiple brain areas that have previously been associated with attention and motor control. We demonstrate the functional relevance of these networks by showing that phase delays – in contrast to spectral power – were predictive of task performance. The data-driven analysis approach employed in the current study allowed an unbiased examination of functional brain networks based on EEG source level connectivity data. Showcased for multisensory processing, our results provide evidence that large-scale neuronal coupling is vital to long-range communication in the human brain and relevant for the behavioral outcome in a cognitive task.
Extracting Tables from Documents using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks and Genetic Algorithms

Extracting information from tables in documents presents a significant challenge in many industries and in academic research. Existing methods which take a bottom-up approach of integrating lines into cells and rows or columns neglect the available prior information relating to table structure. Our proposed method takes a top-down approach, first using a generative adversarial network to map a table image into a standardised ‘skeleton’ table form denoting the approximate row and column borders without table content, then fitting renderings of candidate latent table structures to the skeleton structure using a distance measure optimised by a genetic algorithm.
Observation of the topological Hall effect and signature of room-temperature antiskyrmions in Mn-Ni-Ga 
D2d
 Heusler magnets

Topologically stable nontrivial spin structures, such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions, display a large topological Hall effect owing to their quantized topological charge. Here, we present the finding of a large topological Hall effect beyond room temperature in the tetragonal phase of a Mn-Ni-Ga based ferrimagnetic Heusler shape memory alloy system. The origin of the field induced topological phase, which is also evidenced by the appearance of dips in the ac-susceptibility measurements, is attributed to the presence of magnetic antiskyrmions driven by D2d symmetry of the inverse Heusler tetragonal phase. Detailed micromagnetic simulations asserts that the antiskyrmionic phase is stabilized as a result of interplay among inhomogeneous Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the Heisenberg exchange, and the magnetic anisotropy energy. The robustness of the present result is demonstrated by stabilizing the antiskyrmion hosting tetragonal phase up to a temperature as high as 550 K by marginally varying the chemical composition, thereby driving us a step closer to the realization of ferrimagnetic antiskyrmion based racetrack memory.
European Central Bank Footprints on Inflation Forecast Uncertainty

The finding of the paper shows the relative effectiveness of the “one size fits all” policy of the European Central Bank. The paper provides strong evidence in favor of this by testing whether the monetary policy effects (footprints) found in inflation uncertainty converge to a common level. These footprints are measured as the fraction of the estimated policy‐induced reduction in this uncertainty. The testing was conducted by applying a bootstrap‐type test in a regression of the rate of growth of these fractions on their initial values, computed for 16 euro area countries. (JEL C33, E52, E58)
Topological restrictions on Anosov representations

We characterize groups admitting Anosov representations into SL(3,R) , projective Anosov representations into SL(4,R) , and Borel Anosov representations into SL(4,R) . More generally, we obtain bounds on the cohomological dimension of groups admitting Pk ‐Anosov representations into SL(d,R) and offer several characterizations of Benoist representations.
Mild Adverse Reactions after COVID-19 Vaccination: Updated Analysis of Italian Medicines Agency Data

Background. Vaccines are not free from side effects, most of which are generally mild, whilst others can occasionally be more serious and even life-threatening. This study was hence aimed to provide an updated analysis of voluntarily reported mild adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in Italy. Methods. Data on mild adverse reactions after vaccination with Pfizer Comirnaty, Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine and AstraZeneca Vaxzevria were retrieved with an electronic search in the public Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) database of Adverse Drug Reactions up to March 31, 2021. Frequency of mild adverse events was compared among the three vaccines. Results. With respect to the cumulative number of adverse reactions, fever was the most frequently reported side effect of all vaccines (13.2%), followed by headache (10.3%), myalgia (8.7%), pain at injection site (8.3%), arthralgia (7.9%), tiredness/fatigue (6.2%). Headache, myalgia, pain at injection site, arthralgia, tiredness/fatigue, chills and lymphadenopathy were higher after Pfizer Comirnaty than Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine whilst fever, malaise and vomiting were lower (all p<0.001). Pain at injection site, tiredness/fatigue, lymphadenopathy and malaise were higher after Pfizer Comirnaty than AstraZeneca Vaxzevria (all p<0.001),, whilst fever (p<0.001), headache (p<0.001), nausea (p=0.003) and vomiting (p<0.001) were lower. Pain at injection site, lymphadenopathy and malaise were more frequently reported after Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine than AstraZeneca Vaxzevria, whilst headache, myalgia, arthralgia, tiredness/fatigue and chills were lower (all p<0.001). Conclusion. This analysis of vaccine-specific mild adverse reactions may help guide decisions about individual preferences, when appropriate, towards administration of one type of vaccine instead than another, especially among those with (or at high risk of) malignancy.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Context: Numerous studies have indicated that vitamin D can modulate the immune system and plays an important role in regulating immune cells’ functions. Some clinical studies have assessed the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cytokine markers in multiple sclerosis (MS) as a disease in which the immune system’s function is disrupted. Evidence Acquisition: This study was designed to assess randomized clinical trial studies evaluating the overall effect of vitamin D on the levels of IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ in MS patients. Methods: We searched PubMed and Scopus online databases up to November 2020 for relevant randomized clinical trial studies by using certain keywords. Eight studies from 273 articles, with a total sample of 443 participants, were considered Results: The meta-analysis indicated that vitamin D consumption did not significantly change the levels of IL-10 (WMD : -174.56, 95% CI: -373.10 to 23.98), IL-17 (WMD : -0.11, 95% CI: -0.54.10 to 0.33), or IFN-γ (WMD : 61.47, 95% CI: 43.96 to 78.98) in MS patients. Conclusions: Further clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplement on IL-10 and IL-17, and INFγ levels in MS patients.
eview ipid rafts : Keys to neurodegeneration

The increase in life expectancy seen in many countries has been accompanied by an increase in the number of people living with dementia and a growing need for health care. The large number of affected individuals emphasizes the need to identify causes for the phenotypes associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s, and those caused by prions. This review addresses the hypothesis that changes in lipid rafts induced by alterations in their gan-