Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Recommender Systems for Electronic Commerce

In electronic commerce applications, prospective buyers may be interested in receiving recommendations to assist with their purchasing decisions. Previous research has described two main models for automated recommender systems - collaborative filtering and the knowledge-based approach. In this paper, we present an architecture for designing a hybrid recommender system that combines these two approaches. We then discuss how such a recommender system can switch between the two methods, depending on the current support for providing good recommendations from the behaviour of other users, required for the collaborative filtering option. We also comment on how the overall design is useful to support recommendations for a variety of product areas and present some directions for future work. Overview One of the tasks in the application area of knowledgebased electronic markets is that of providing recommendations to potential shoppers. In an environment where there is a wide choice for the prospective buyers, an automated system which serves to present a more narrow selection for the buyer would be desirable. Recommender systems are systems which provide recommendations to potential buyers. Two widely used techniques for building recommender systems to date are collaborative filtering and knowledge-based approaches. Collaborative filtering is a real-time personalization technique that leverages similarities between people to make recommendations (Greening 1998). other words, a collaborative filtering recommender system assumes that human preferences are correlated; thus, it predicts preferences and makes recommendations to one user based on the preferences of a group of users. In contrast, a knowledge-based recommender system exploits its knowledge base of the product domain to generate recommendations to a user, by reasoning about what products meet the user’s requirements. In this paper, we analyze the advantages and shortcomings of both techniques and present an architecture for a hybrid recommender system that integrates the two approaches. Such a system will inherit all the strengths from a collaborative filtering recommender system, but will be able to avoid its weaknesses. Although there have been some proposals for designing systems which make use of both the knowledge-base approach and collaborative filtering (Burke 1999), collaborative filtering is used more in a post-processing stage, so that the knowledge-based design predominates. In this paper, we outline some specifications for changing between the collaborative filtering and the knowledge-based styles of recommendation, within a single system. This design strategy will be useful for electronic commerce applications where the number of buyers and the make-up of the community of buyers dictates whether collaborative filtering will be effective or not. Background In this section, we introduce the collaborative filtering and knowledge-based approaches in building recommender systems. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each approach as the motivation for the design of a hybrid architecture that combines the two approaches.
Symmetric Correspondence Topic Models for Multilingual Text Analysis

Topic modeling is a widely used approach to analyzing large text collections. A small number of multilingual topic models have recently been explored to discover latent topics among parallel or comparable documents, such as in Wikipedia. Other topic models that were originally proposed for structured data are also applicable to multilingual documents. Correspondence Latent Dirichlet Allocation (CorrLDA) is one such model; however, it requires a pivot language to be specified in advance. We propose a new topic model, Symmetric Correspondence LDA (SymCorrLDA), that incorporates a hidden variable to control a pivot language, in an extension of CorrLDA. We experimented with two multilingual comparable datasets extracted from Wikipedia and demonstrate that SymCorrLDA is more effective than some other existing multilingual topic models.
Ontology Alignment Techniques

Sometimes the use of a single ontology is not sufficient to cover different vocabularies for the same domain, and it becomes necessary to use several ontologies in order to encompass the entire domain knowledge and its various representations. Disciplines where this occurs include medical science and biology, as well as many of its associated subfields such as genetics, epidemiol-ogy, etc. This may be due to a domain’s complexity, expansiveness, and/or different perspectives of the same domain on the part of different groups of users. In such cases, it is essential to find relationships that may exist between the elements of a specific domain’s different ontologies, a process known as
Toward carrier cloud: Potential, challenges, and solutions

Mobile operators are in need of means to cope with the ever increasing mobile data traffic, introducing minimal additional capital expenditures on existing infrastructures, principally due to the modest average revenue per user. Network virtualization and cloud computing techniques, along with the principles of the latter in terms of service elasticity, on-demand, and payper-use, could be important enablers for various mobile network enhancements and cost reduction. This article discusses the recent trends the mobile telecommunications market is experiencing, showcasing some of the emerging consumer products and services that are facilitating such trends. The article also discusses the challenges these trends present to mobile network operators. It also demonstrates the possibility of extending cloud computing beyond data centers toward the mobile end user, providing end-to-end mobile connectivity as a cloud service. The article introduces a set of technologies and methods for on-demand provision of a decentralized and elastic mobile network as a cloud service over a distributed network of cloud computing data centers. The concept of Follow-Me-Cloud, whereby not only data but also mobile services intelligently follow their respective users, is also introduced. The novel business opportunities behind the envisioned carrier cloud architecture and service are also discussed, considering various multi-stakeholder scenarios.
Translation Shared Task on Statistical Machine Translation: A Comparison of the Systems Output

The ACL Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation proposed a translation shared task focused on European language pairs. Participants used their systems to translate into the target language a test set of unseen sentences in the source language. Involved languages were French, English, Spanish, German, Czech and Hungarian. The goal of this work is to quantitatively compare the translations generated by different systems. In particular, a selection of submitted runs for the French-English, German-English and SpanishEnglish tasks were analyzed. The systems involved in our investigation cover all the main approaches to machine translation, that is rule-based, statistical, example-based and hybrid. General Terms Machine Learning, Machine Translation.
Bragg reflector for optical high-voltage sensor applications

Optical measurement of voltage because of its excellent advantages is studied by several research groups. In this paper, two optically voltage measurement method based on periodic structure have been introduced. First one is based on Bragg reflection effect. The coefficient of reflection from a periodic layered medium depends on properties of periodic structure. In this work a periodic structure on LiNbO3 substrate was considered and under a high voltage electric field perpendicular to surface of layers, refractive indices of substrate have been changed. Performance of reflection versus applied electric field was calculated. Second method was based on Guided-mode resonance effect. Guided mode resonance effects in waveguide grating structures results in sharp variations in the intensity of the observable propagation waves. When a waveguide grating structure is illuminated with an incident light beam, part of the beam is directly transmitted and part is diffracted and trapped in waveguide layer. The trapped light is then rediffracted and it can interfere destructively with the transmitted or reflected light and show transmission or reflection anomalies. This phenomenon is sensitive to constitutive parameters of structure; therefore, it can be used in order to electro-optic voltage measurement.
The influence of Annexin32, a new Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, on coagulation time and thrombosis

The pharmacodynamics of Annexin32, a new Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, was studied by measuring coagulation time in rabbits and venous thrombosis in rabbits and rats. Rabbits and rats were given Annexin32 by intravenous administration. Then Kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT), thrombosis in vitro and in vivo were assayed. The results showed that KPTT of rabbits was prolonged (p < 0.01), and the length and weight of thrombus in vitro were reduced (p < 0.01) after administration of Annexin32 at 1 mg/kg. It also inhibited thrombosis in vivo and reduced the weight of venous thrombus significantly in rats (p < 0.01). All these results suggested that Annexin32 possesses the characteristic of antithrombotic effect and fewer side effects on coagulation time.
Decreases in Shark Catches and Mortality in the Hawaii-Based Longline Fishery as Documented by Fishery Observers

Abstract This article summarizes catch data for sharks collected by fishery observers during two periods (1995–2000 and 2004–2006) in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery, which targets swordfish Xiphias gladius in the shallow-set sector and bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus in the deep-set sector. The blue shark Prionace glauca was the predominant shark species caught throughout the study period (84.5% of all sharks). Five other species (bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus, oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus, shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus, silky shark C. falciformis, and crocodile shark Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) were relatively common (1.0–4.1%). Two major developments affected shark catches in this fishery during the study period. The first was the prohibition in 2000 of shark finning under most circumstances. The second development was that management measures were taken in 2000 and 2001 to protect sea turtles (leatherback sea turtles Dermochelys coriacea and loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta) and these measures included a closure of the shallow-set (swordfish-targeting) sector for more than 3 years. The closure caused decreases in shark catches because the shallow-set sector was typically characterized by high catch rates. The shallow-set sector was reopened in 2004. Comparisons of nominal catch per unit effort (number of sharks/1,000 hooks) revealed significant differences in catch rates between the two fishery sectors and the two periods. Blue shark and shortfin mako catch rates were significantly greater in the shallow-set sector than in the deep-set sector of the fishery, whereas the opposite was true for the deeper-dwelling bigeye threshers and crocodile sharks. Catch rates for the blue shark, oceanic whitetip shark, bigeye thresher, and crocodile shark were significantly lower in 2004–2006 than in 1995–2000. For the blue shark in particular, the combination of reduced catch rates, the finning ban, and an apparent capacity to resist the stress of capture on longline gear resulted in low (4%–5.7%) minimum mortality estimates. Therefore, we conclude that the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery has made substantial progress in reducing shark mortality.
Social norms for condom use: implications for HIV prevention interventions of a KABP survey with heterosexuals in the Eastern Caribbean.

A knowledge, attitude, belief, and practices survey was given to a sample of 591 residents of St. Lucia in the fall of 1990. The survey posed a host of questions relating to whether respondents were inclined to use condoms when having sex. Respondents were sexually experienced, aged 15-60 years, and interviewed in their homes. Questions were posed and viewed as possible indicators of AIDS knowledge, cues to action, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived locus of control, normative pressure, and condom use outcome expectancies. Statistical analysis suggests that each variable is related to condom use. Analysis also indicates that perceived normative pressure to use condoms was by far the single most important determinant of condom use among the sample. The author closes by discussing the implications of these findings for designing mass media campaigns to increase condom use and strongly recommends a normative campaign.
SIMULATION OF CHIP FORMATION IN ORTHOGONAL METAL CUTTING PROCESS: AN ALE FINITE ELEMENT APPROACH

Abstract Lagrangian and Eulerian finite element formulations have been traditionally used for modeling of the orthogonal metal cutting process. In this paper it is shown that a more general formulation, the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method (ALE), may be used to combine the advantages and avoid the drawbacks of both methods in a single analysis. Due to the characteristics of the cutting process, ALE formulation offers a very efficient modeling approach for the cutting process. A comprehensive ALE model along with strain rate and temperature dependent constitutive equations and a contact/friction algorithm is used to analyze the thermo-elasto-plastic process of plane strain orthogonal cutting. Simulation results for cutting of low carbon free cutting steel are presented and compared with available experimental data obtained under similar cutting conditions. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is observed.
The Role of Bayonet Tube on Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Capillary Porous Wick Evaporator Based on AMTEC

An axial symmetric 2-D invariable temperature phase change interface model of capillary porous wick evaporator with bayonet tube for alkali metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC) was established to simulate flow and heat transfer characteristics in capillary porous wick and liquid channel by solving the mass and heat transport controlling equations. The effects of length, radius and thermal resistance of the bayonet tube on the distributions of pressure, velocity and temperature in capillary porous wick and liquid channel were analyzed. The results show that the performance of evaporator can be improved by inserting a bayonet tube into the liquid channel, including better averaging function of temperature, reduction in the peak temperature on the inner surface of capillary porous wick, and better adaptability in working environment. However, bayonet tube parameters should be carefully chosen depending on specific working conditions.
Greedy bidding strategies for keyword auctions

How should players bid in keyword auctions such as those used by Google, Yahoo! and MSN? allWe consider greedy bidding strategies for a repeated auction on a single keyword, where in each round, each player chooses some optimal bid for the next round, assuming that the other players merely repeat their previous bid. We study the revenue, convergence and robustness properties of such strategies. Most interesting among these is a strategy we call the balanced bidding strategy (BB): it is known that BB has a unique fixed point with payments identical to those of the VCG mechanism. We show that if all players use the BB strategy and update each round, BB converges when the number of slots is at most 2, but does not always converge for 3 or more slots. On the other hand, we present a simple variant which is guaranteed to converge to the same fixed point for any number of slots. In a model in which only one randomly chosen player updates each round according to the BB strategy, we prove that convergence occurs with probability 1.We complement our theoretical results with empirical studies.
Emergence and Evolution of Meaning: The General Definition of Information (GDI) Revisiting Program - Part I: The Progressive Perspective: Top-Down

In this first part of the paper, the category of meaning is traced starting from the origin of the Universe itself as well as its very grounding in pre-geometry (the second part deals with an appropriate bottom-up approach). In contrast to many former approaches in the theories of information and also in biosemiotics, we will show that the forms of meaning emerge simultaneously (alongside) with information and energy. Hence, information can be visualized as being always meaningful (in a sense to be explicated) rather than visualizing meaning as a later specification of information within social systems only. This perspective taken has two immediate consequences: (1) We follow the GDI as defined by Floridi, though we modify it somehow as to the aspect of truthfulness. (2) We can conceptually solve Capurro's trilemma. Hence, what we actually do is to follow the strict (i.e., optimistic) line of UTI in the sense of Hofkirchner's. While doing this, we treat energy and information as two different categorial aspects of one and the same underlying primordial structure. We thus demonstrate the presently developing convergence of physics, biology, and computer science (as well as the various theories of information) in some detail and draft out a line of argument eventually leading up to the further unification of UTI and biosemiotics.
Learning Higher-order Transition Models in Medium-scale Camera Networks

We present a Bayesian framework for learning higher- order transition models in video surveillance networks. Such higher-order models describe object movement between cameras in the network and have a greater predictive power for multi-camera tracking than camera adjacency alone. These models also provide inherent resilience to camera failure, filling in gaps left by single or even multiple non-adjacent camera failures. Our approach to estimating higher-order transition models relies on the accurate assignment of camera observations to the underlying trajectories of objects moving through the network. We addresses this data association problem by gathering the observations and evaluating alternative partitions of the observation set into individual object trajectories. Searching the complete partition space is intractable, so an incremental approach is taken, iteratively adding observations and pruning unlikely partitions. Partition likelihood is determined by the evaluation of a probabilistic graphical model. When the algorithm has considered all observations, the most likely (MAP) partition is taken as the true object trajectories. From these recovered trajectories, the higher-order statistics we seek can be derived and employed for tracking. The partitioning algorithm we present is parallel in nature and can be readily extended to distributed computation in medium-scale smart camera networks.
Fracture Resistant and Wear Corrosion Performance of CrN/ZrN Bilayers Deposited onto AISI 420 Stainless Steel

CrN/ZrN (1, 8, 15, and 30) bilayers were deposited onto AISI 420 steel substrates at 250 °C and 6.6x10-3 mbar with gas ratio Ar/N2 50:3.0 as gas mixture and bias -60V were applied. AFM analysis presented different morphologies, showing that the coatings with 15 bilayers had an average grain size of 49 nm; while the 30-bilayer coating exhibited grain sizes of 99 nm. Coating thicknesses were 3 μm, approximately. The Vickers Test revealed that coatings with 8, 15, and 30 bilayers bore better impact resistance than coatings with 1 bilayer. This result is considered, bearing in mind that in many bilayers propagation of fissures is slower, because the presence of layer inter-phases leads to fissures straying in other directions. Slight corrosion specks are present, but mass loss was around 40 mg. in one bilayer, a higher value than for the coatings with 15 bilayers that was near 18 mg. Homogeneity, grain size, fracture resistance, and corrosion resistance of the coatings with 15 and 30 bilayers are suitable for mechanical applications of these types of coatings, as shown in mechanical measurements. These results indicate that for engineering applications under corrosive environments, the use of these types of bilayer coatings on AISI 420 stainless steel is highly recommended.
A Global Expression-based Analysis of the Consequences of the t(4;14) Translocation in Myeloma

Purpose: Our purpose in this report was to define genes and pathways dysregulated as a consequence of the t(4;14) in myeloma, and to gain insight into the downstream functional effects that may explain the different prognosis of this subgroup. Experimental Design: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) overexpression, the presence of immunoglobulin heavy chain-multiple myeloma SET domain (IgH-MMSET) fusion products and the identification of t(4;14) breakpoints were determined in a series of myeloma cases. Differentially expressed genes were identified between cases with (n = 5) and without (n = 24) a t(4;14) by using global gene expression analysis. Results: Cases with a t(4;14) have a distinct expression pattern compared with other cases of myeloma. A total of 127 genes were identified as being differentially expressed including MMSET and cyclin D2, which have been previously reported as being associated with this translocation. Other important functional classes of genes include cell signaling, apoptosis and related genes, oncogenes, chromatin structure, and DNA repair genes. Interestingly, 25% of myeloma cases lacking evidence of this translocation had up-regulation of the MMSET transcript to the same level as cases with a translocation. Conclusions: t(4;14) cases form a distinct subgroup of myeloma cases with a unique gene signature that may account for their poor prognosis. A number of non-t(4;14) cases also express MMSET consistent with this gene playing a role in myeloma pathogenesis.
A New Architecture for Managing Enterprise Log Data

Server systems invariably write detailed activity logs whose value is widespread, whether measuring marketing campaigns, detecting operational trends or catching fraud or intrusion. Unfortunately, production volumes overwhelm the capacity and manageability of traditional data management systems, such as relational databases. Just loading 1,000,000 records is a big deal today, to say nothing of the billions of records often seen in high-end network security, network operations and web applications. Since the magnitude of the problem is scaling with increases in CPU and networking speeds, it doesn't help to wait for faster systems to catch up.This paper discusses the issues involving large-scale log management, and describes a new type of data management platform called a Log Management System, which is specifically designed to cost effectively compress, manage and analyze log records in their original, unsummarized form. To quote Tom Lehrer, "I have a modest example here" - in this case commercial software that can store and process logs in parallel across a cluster of Linux-based PCs using a combination of SQL and perl. The paper concludes with some lessons we learned in building the system.
Incorporating dialogue context and topic clustering in out-of-domain detection

The detection and handling of OOD (out-of-domain) user utterances are significant problems for spoken language systems. We have proposed a novel OOD detection framework, which makes use of classification confidence scores of multiple topics. In this paper, we extend this framework in order to handle natural language dialogue. Specifically, two issues are addressed. First, to effectively incorporate dialogue context, we investigate methods to combine multiple utterances at various stages of the OOD detection process. Second, to improve robustness on spontaneous speech, we introduce a topic clustering scheme which provides reliable topic classification confidence even for indistinct utterances. The system is evaluated on natural dialogue via the ATR speech-to-speech translation system, and a significant improvement in OOD detection accuracy was achieved by incorporating the two proposed techniques.