Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anti-ROR1 CAR-T cells: Architecture and performance

The receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a membrane receptor that plays a key role in development. It is highly expressed during the embryonic stage and relatively low in some normal adult tissues. Malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and some solid tumors overexpress ROR1, making it a promising target for cancer treatment. Moreover, immunotherapy with autologous T-cells engineered to express a ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor (ROR1 CAR-T cells) has emerged as a personalized therapeutic option for patients with tumor recurrence after conventional treatments. However, tumor cell heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder successful clinical outcomes. This review briefly describes the biological functions of ROR1 and its relevance as a tumor therapeutic target, as well as the architecture, activity, evaluation, and safety of some ROR1 CAR-T cells used in basic research and clinical trials. Finally, the feasibility of applying the ROR1 CAR-T cell strategy in combination with therapies targeting other tumor antigens or with inhibitors that prevent tumor antigenic escape is also discussed. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT02706392
Quasirandom Rumor Spreading

We propose and analyze a quasirandom analogue of the classical push model for disseminating information in networks (“randomized rumor spreading”). In the classical model, in each round, each informed vertex chooses a neighbor at random and informs it, if it was not informed before. It is known that this simple protocol succeeds in spreading a rumor from one vertex to all others within O(log n) rounds on complete graphs, hypercubes, random regular graphs, Erdős-Rényi random graphs, and Ramanujan graphs with probability 1 − o(1). In the quasirandom model, we assume that each vertex has a (cyclic) list of its neighbors. Once informed, it starts at a random position on the list, but from then on informs its neighbors in the order of the list. Surprisingly, irrespective of the orders of the lists, the above-mentioned bounds still hold. In some cases, even better bounds than for the classical model can be shown.
Collisional Simulations of Satellite Lindblad Resonances: II. Formation of Narrow Ringlets

Abstract The effect of a perturbing satellite on a planetary ring at an isolated 2:1 inner Lindblad resonance is examined with direct N-body simulations. Particle-particle impacts with the velocity dependent coefficient of restitution are accurately calculated in the course of three-dimensional simulation, but the ring self-gravity is neglected. An isolated ringlet is observed to form in the resonance zone, resembling the narrow ringlets characteristic of the C-ring and Cassini Division. The carefully chosen simulation parameters lead to realistic dissipation that makes the ringlet formation possible; in our previous simulations (paper I) this effect was suppressed by the rapid inward drift of particles due to the unrealistically strong dissipation. Extra care has also been taken in scaling the simulation system parameters to the Prometheus 2: 1 inner Lindblad resonance, so that the lower limit for the mass of Prometheus can be estimated. Even if the mechanism of the torque in the collisional system is different from the self-gravitating systems, the theoretical linear standard torque (derived for systems with self-gravitating density waves) is found to be of the correct order of magnitude. The formation of the ringlet and the gap decreases the strength of the torque. With the simulation parameter values the observed nonlinear torque is about three times larger than the theoretical nonlinear estimate.
Electrical conductance studies of synthetic antiferromagnet based spin-valves

The electrical properties of synthetic spin-valves comprising CoFe/Ru/CoFe/Cu/NiFe have been studied by using the linear Boltzmann equation with relaxation time approximation. It is found that most of the current is carried by the Cu and ferromagnetic layers in the spin-valves when Ta is used as the capping and seed layer. The current density distribution is spin dependent which results in the giant magnetoresistanee effect. The GMR ratio depends on a lot of parameters, such as the thickness of the ferromagnetic layers, the spin asymmetry scattering coefficients both within ferromagnetic layers and at the interface between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic layers, as well as on the specularity factor of the seed and capping layers. Both material quality improvement and structural optimization needs to be taken into account in order to realize higher performance spin valve read heads.
Properties and diffraction of vector Bessel–Gauss beams

We examine a family of Bessel–Gauss beam solutions to the vector wave equation that allow a combination of azimuthal and radial polarization in the transverse electric field. Recently reported linear and azimuthal Bessel–Gauss beams may be identified as members of this set. Several free parameters determine the form and behavior of each beam; varying these parameters can produce distinctly different intensity patterns and beam behavior. We find a general diffraction integral for circularly symmetric disturbances and investigate two special cases, a thin lens and a circular aperture.
Generalized Z-domain absorbing boundary conditions for the analysis of electromagnetic problems with finite-difference time-domain method

In this paper, a generalized absorbing boundary condition (Z-ABCs) is constructed in the Z-transform domain. Based on Z-ABCs, some well-known ABCs, such as the Mur's ABC, the dispersive boundary condition, Zhao and Litva's ABC, Liao's ABC, etc. can be easily deduced. Besides, it can also result in some new ABCs. Recurrence formulas for the coefficients of Z-ABCs are presented, and the stability and numerical dispersive characteristics are discussed in detail. In order to validate the Z-ABCs, the finite-difference time-domain method is applied to the analysis of transmission lines, integrated filters, patch antennas, and scattering problems.
Validity check for imaginary part of potential of a moving quarkonia in plasma with hyperscaling violating backgrounds

One efficient tool for studying strongly coupled field theory is AdS/CFT correspondence. In this note we apply conditions of validity of imaginary part of potential for a moving quarkonia in plasma when it has backgrounds with hyperscaling violation. Imaginary part of potential should be negative because it appears in an exponential function and should exhibit a decaying behavior. We find general constraints for Im$V_{Q \bar{Q}}$ at near horizon limit and apply them for some known cases. Finally we find appropriate spatial dimension for two interesting cases , surplus we present an exact hyperscaling violationg metric which its behavior in this context is very close to a YM theory with finite temperature.
A Parameterization for the Triggering of Landscape-Generated Moist Convection. Part I: Analysis of High-Resolution Model Results

Abstract To develop a parameterization for the triggering of moist convection by landscape-generated mesoscale circulations, a set of relatively high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) simulations was produced. These simulations modeled the development of landscape generated mesoscale circulations that triggered moist convection over west-to-east dry patches. No clear relationship existed between average patch size and average rainfall. Rather, rainfall averaged over the area of individual patches varied linearly with the size of these patches. Thus, cumulus parameterization schemes need to account for a population of clouds (over individual patches) within each domain of a large-scale atmospheric model (i.e., numerical weather prediction and global circulation models). It is demonstrated that mesoscale perturbations in velocity, temperature, and moisture need to be included in triggering functions when evaluating whether moist convection will occur. Yet, the largest patches did not always produce the larg.
A soft X-ray study of type I active galactic nuclei observed with Chandra high-energy transmission grating spectrometer

We present the results of a uniform analysis of the soft X-ray spectra of 15 type I active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with the high-resolution X-ray gratings onboard Chandra. We found that 10 out of the 15 AGN exhibit signatures of an intrinsic ionized absorber. The absorbers are photoionized and outflowing, with velocities in the range ∼10 1 - 10 3 km s -1 . The column density of the warm absorbing gas is ∼10 20-23 cm -2 . Nine out of the 10 AGN exhibiting warm absorption are best fitted by multiple ionization components and three out of the 10 AGN require multiple kinematic components. The warm absorbing gas in our AGN sample has a wide range of ionization parameter, spanning roughly four orders of magnitude (ξ ∼ 10 0-4 erg cm s -1 ) in total, and often spanning three orders of magnitude in the same gas. Warm absorber components with ionization parameter ξ < 10 generate an unresolved transition array due to Fe in seven out of the 10 AGN exhibiting warm absorption. These low ionization state absorbers may also carry away the largest mass outflows from the AGN. The mass outflow rate depends critically on the volume filling factor of the gas, which cannot yet be directly measured. However, upper limits on the mass outflow rates for filling factors of unity can be much greater than the expected accretion rate on to the central supermassive black hole and filling factors as small as 1 per cent can give outflow rates comparable to the accretion rate. There appears to be a gap in the outflow velocities in our sample between ∼300 and 500 km s -1 , the origin of which is not clear. The outflow components with velocities below this gap tend to be associated with lower column densities than those with velocities above the gap.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system pathologies: A mini review

Neutrophils are the first cells to be recruited to sites of acute inflammation and contribute to host defense through phagocytosis, degranulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are rarely found in the brain because of the highly selective blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, several diseases disrupt the BBB and cause neuroinflammation. In this regard, neutrophils and NETs have been visualized in the brain after various insults, including traumatic (traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury), infectious (bacterial meningitis), vascular (ischemic stroke), autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus), neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease), and neoplastic (glioma) causes. Significantly, preventing neutrophil trafficking into the central nervous system or NET production in these diseases alleviates brain pathology and improves neurocognitive outcomes. This review summarizes the major studies on the contribution of NETs to central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Efficient DDD-based symbolic analysis of linear analog circuits

The general framework of a symbolic analysis environment for linear time-invariant circuits is presented. Such a framework consists of two major parts: a simplification at circuit level and a simplifying expression-generation. An overview of the known techniques for both circuit simplification and expression generation is given, and in addition a new nonhierarchical expression generation technique based on the concept of determinant decision diagrams (DDDs) is presented. The DDD-based technique is evaluated on a set of benchmark circuits together with a known fast symbolic analysis algorithm, and turns out to be the most efficient. The DDD-based expression generation algorithm is, therefore, the best solution for nonhierarchical linear symbolic expression generation to the authors' knowledge.
Convergence analysis of an accelerated expectation‐maximization algorithm for ill‐posed integral equations

The maximum‐likelihood expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm has attracted considerable interest in single‐photon emission computed tomography, because it produces superior images in addition to be being flexible, simple, and allowing a physical interpretation. However, it often needs a large number of calculations because of the algorithm's slow rate of convergence. Therefore, there is a large body of literature concerning the EM algorithm's acceleration. One of the accelerated means is increasing an overrelaxation parameter, whereas we have not found any analysis in this method that would provide an immediate answer to the questions of the convergence. In this paper, our main focus is on the continuous version of an accelerated EM algorithm based on Lewitt and Muehllenner. We extend their conclusions to the infinite‐dimensional space and interpret and analyze the convergence of the accelerated EM algorithm. We also obtain some new properties of the modified algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sufficient conditions of existence of fix-free codes

A code is fix-free if no codeword is a prefix or a suffix of any other. In this paper we improve the best-known sufficient conditions on the existence of fix-free codes by a new explicit construction. We also discuss the well-known Kraft-type conjecture on the existence of fix-free codes based on the results obtained by computer checking.
Pathwise stochastic integrals for model free finance

We present two different approaches to stochastic integration in frictionless model free financial mathematics. The first one is in the spirit of It\^o's integral and based on a certain topology which is induced by the outer measure corresponding to the minimal superhedging price. The second one is based on the controlled rough path integral. We prove that every "typical price path" has a naturally associated It\^o rough path, and justify the application of the controlled rough path integral in finance by showing that it is the limit of non-anticipating Riemann sums, a new result in itself. Compared to the first approach, rough paths have the disadvantage of severely restricting the space of integrands, but the advantage of being a Banach space theory. Both approaches are based entirely on financial arguments and do not require any probabilistic structure.
Exploration of Blood Metabolite Signatures of Colorectal Cancer and Polyposis through Integrated Statistical and Network Analysis

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide, generally evolves from adenomatous polyps. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological evolution is crucial for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Integrative systems biology approaches offer an optimal point of view to analyze CRC and patients with polyposis. The present study analyzed the association networks constructed from a publicly available array of 113 serum metabolites measured on a cohort of 234 subjects from three groups (66 CRC patients, 76 patients with polyposis, and 92 healthy controls), which concentrations were obtained via targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In terms of architecture, topology, and connectivity, the metabolite-metabolite association network of CRC patients appears to be completely different with respect to patients with polyposis and healthy controls. The most relevant nodes in the CRC network are those related to energy metabolism. Interestingly, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan metabolism are found to be involved in both CRC and polyposis. Our results demonstrate that the characterization of metabolite–metabolite association networks is a promising and powerful tool to investigate molecular aspects of CRC.
The protein kinase R modifies gut physiology to limit colitis

Here we investigate the function of the innate immune molecule protein kinase R (PKR) in intestinal inflammation. To model a colitogenic role of PKR, we determine the physiological response to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) of wild-type and two transgenic mice strains mutated to express either a kinase-dead PKR or to ablate expression of the kinase. These experiments recognize kinase-dependent and -independent protection from DSS-induced weight loss and inflammation, against a kinase-dependent increase in the susceptibility to DSS-induced injury. We propose these effects arise through PKR-dependent alteration of gut physiology, evidenced as altered goblet cell function and changes to the gut microbiota at homeostasis that suppresses inflammasome activity by controlling autophagy. These findings establish that PKR functions as both a protein kinase and a signaling molecule in instituting immune homeostasis in the gut.
Alterations in Retinal Vessel Diameters in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion before and after Treatment with Intravitreal Ranibizumab

Purpose: To investigate the alterations of retinal vessel diameters in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), before and after treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab. Methods: Digital retinal images were obtained from 16 patients and retinal vessel diameters were measured before and three months after treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab with validated software to determine central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents, as well as arteriolar to venular ratio. Results: In 17 eyes of 16 patients with macular edema secondary to RVO (10 with branch RVO and 6 with central RVO) aged 67 ± 10.2 years, we found that diameters of both retinal arterioles and venules were significantly decreased after intravitreal ranibizumab treatment. Specifically, the central retinal arteriolar equivalent was 215.2 ± 11.2 μm at baseline and 201.2 ± 11.1 μm at month 3 after treatment (p < 0.001), while the central retinal venular equivalent was 233.8 ± 29.6 μm before treatment versus 207.6 ± 21.7 μm at month 3 after treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A significant vasoconstriction in both retinal arterioles and venules in patients with RVO was found at month 3 after intravitreal ranibizumab treatment compared to baseline. This could be of clinical importance, since the degree of vasoconstriction might be an early marker of treatment efficacy, compatible with the idea that hypoxia is the major trigger of VEGF in RVO. Further studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.
The Practice and Politics of Secretary General Appointments

The question of who is appointed to key administrative posts at the expense of whom lies at the heart of public administration research. In this paper, I study what career experiences have increased senior civil servants’ chances of being appointed to a secretary general position. The civil service politicization and core executive literatures suggest such appointments are impacted by loyalty, ability, and proximity to power. These hypotheses are investigated using a mixed methods research design combining quantitative analysis of the career paths of all active senior civil servants in the years 2000–2020 (n = 247) with 22 elite interviews with cabinet ministers and bureaucrats in the Netherlands. The main findings of this paper are that active affiliation with minister-delivering political parties and having worked in the prime minister's office significantly increased the odds of a candidate's appointment to an SG position, whereas managerial experience did not. These findings challenge the conventional theory of nonpoliticized appointments and unlock possibilities for comparative research on bureaucrats’ biographies.
Comparison of UTD and UAT in axially symmetric reflectors

Radiation patterns of focus-fed axially symmetric reflector antennas are determined by using the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) and the uniform asymptotic theory (UAT). The calculations are based on a computer program, which can determine the radiation pattern of any conic-section-generated reflector with arbitrary eccentricity. Comparison of the radiation patterns in E - and H -planes shows that the UTD and UAT yield similar results and the differences between the two are insignificant from engineering point of view.
Event triggered robust filter design for discrete-time systems

This study introduces a general event triggered framework of state estimation for discrete-time systems with parameter uncertainties residing in a polytope. A robust filter is designed to ensure the l2 stability from disturbance to the estimation error and to minimise the l2 gain subject to both packet rate and size constraints. The number of data transmission and the data size are reduced by the utilisation of an event detector and a logarithmic quantiser, respectively. The event detector compares the current output measurement with the last transmitted measurement: if the difference is beyond a prescribed percentage of the current measurement, then the current measurement is transmitted to the quantiser. The quantiser encodes the measurement before sending to the filter via a digital communication channel. Conditions for filter design are found using polynomially parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions, which generalise the results using quadratic and linearly parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. The usefulness of the techniques is demonstrated with an illustrative example.
Variational calculation of force-frequency constants of doubly rotated quartz resonators

The calculus of variations has been used to obtain solutions for the statics tress distributions in circular quartz resonator blanks caused by forces acting along the blank diameter. The resulting static stress distributionsh ave been used with nonlinear elastic calculations (third-order elastic constants) to predict the force sensitivity of the resonant frequency of thickness shear resonators. The present results are shown to agree more favorably with experiment than results obtained by previous theories where the quartz was assumed to be isotropic for the statics tress solution. General theoretical results and supporting experimental results argeiv en for the force-frequency constants of doubly rotated family (yxωl)ϕ,θ along the technologically important zero temperature coefficient branch which contains the AT-, FC-, IT-, SC-, and rotated X-cuts The results will be useful for choosing the location of bonding pads for two-point mountss o that the mounting stress effectsc an be minimized in frequency control applications or maximized in force transducer applications.
Experimental and numerical study of the wave run-up along a vertical plate

Results from experiments on wave interaction with a rigid vertical plate are reported. The 5m long plate is set against the wall of a 30m wide basin, at 100m from the wavemaker. This set-up is equivalent to a 10m plate in the middle of a 60m wide basin. Regular waves are produced, with wavelengths of 1.6m, 1.8m and 2m, and steepnesses H/L (H being the double amplitude and L being the wavelength) ranging from 2% to 5%. Free-surface elevations along the plate are measured with a row of 20 gauges. The focus is on the time evolution of the free-surface profile along the plate. At all steepnesses, strong deviations from the predictions of linear theory gradually take place as the reflected wave field develops in the basin. This phenomenon is attributed to third-order interactions between the incoming and reflected wave systems, on the weather side of the plate. The measured profiles along the plate are compared with the predictions of two numerical models: an approximate model based on the tertiary interaction theory of Longuet-Higgins & Phillips (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 12, 1962, p. 333) for plane waves, which provides a steady-state solution, and a fully nonlinear numerical wavetank based on extended Boussinesq equations. In most of the experimental tests, despite the large distance from the wavemaker to the plate and the small amplitude of the incident wave, no steady state is attained by the end of the exploitable part of the records.