Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hygroscopicity of nanoparticles produced from homogeneous nucleation in the CLOUD experiments

Abstract. Sulfuric acid, amines and oxidized organics have been found to be important compounds in the nucleation and initial growth of atmospheric particles. Because of the challenges involved in determining the chemical composition of objects with very small mass, however, the properties of the freshly nucleated particles and the detailed pathways of their formation processes are still not clear. In this study, we focus on a challenging size range, i.e., particles that have grown to diameters of 10 and 15 nm following nucleation, and measure their water uptake. Water uptake is useful information for indirectly obtaining chemical composition of aerosol particles. We use a nanometer-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) at subsaturated conditions (ca. 90 % relative humidity at 293 K) to measure the hygroscopicity of particles during the seventh Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD7) campaign performed at CERN in 2012. In CLOUD7, the hygroscopicity of nucleated nanoparticles was measured in the presence of sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid–dimethylamine, and sulfuric acid–organics derived from α-pinene oxidation. The hygroscopicity parameter κ decreased with increasing particle size, indicating decreasing acidity of particles. No clear effect of the sulfuric acid concentration on the hygroscopicity of 10 nm particles produced from sulfuric acid and dimethylamine was observed, whereas the hygroscopicity of 15 nm particles sharply decreased with decreasing sulfuric acid concentrations. In particular, when the concentration of sulfuric acid was 5.1 × 106 molecules cm−3 in the gas phase, and the dimethylamine mixing ratio was 11.8 ppt, the measured κ of 15 nm particles was 0.31 ± 0.01: close to the value reported for dimethylaminium sulfate (DMAS) (κDMAS ∼ 0.28). Furthermore, the difference in κ between sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid–imethylamine experiments increased with increasing particle size. The κ values of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and organics were much smaller than those of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine. This suggests that the organics produced from α-pinene ozonolysis play a significant role in particle growth even at 10 nm sizes.
Making use of Semantic Concept Detection for Modelling Human Preferences in Visual Summarization

In this paper we investigate whether and how the human choice of images for summarizing a visual collection is influenced by the semantic concepts depicted in them. More specifically, by analysing a large collection of human-created visual summaries obtained through crowdsourcing, we aim at automatically identifying the objects, settings, actions and events that make an image a good candidate for inclusion in a visual summary. Informed by the outcomes of this analysis, we show that the distribution of semantic concepts can be successfully utilized for learning to rank the images based on their likelihood of inclusion in the summary by a human, and that it can be easily combined with other features related to image content, context, aesthetic appeal and sentiment. Our experiments demonstrate the promise of using semantic concept detectors for automatically analysing crowdsourced user preferences at a large scale.
Particle‐Based Simulation of Fluids

Due to our familiarity with how fluids move and interact, as well as their complexity, plausible animation of fluidsremains a challenging problem. We present a particle interaction method for simulating fluids. The underlyingequations of fluid motion are discretized using moving particles and their interactions. The method allows simulationand modeling of mixing fluids with different physical properties, fluid interactions with stationary objects, andfluids that exhibit significant interface breakup and fragmentation. The gridless computational method is suitedfor medium scale problems since computational elements exist only where needed. The method fits well into thecurrent user interaction paradigm and allows easy user control over the desired fluid motion.
Robust Control for a Class of Uncertain Switched Systems

In this paper, we address the problem of switched state feedback stabilization of switched linear systems with exponential uncertainties. By using Taylor series approximation and convex polytope technique, exponentially uncertain switched system is transformed into an equivalent polytopic model with an additive norm bounded uncertainty. For such equivalent switched model, we design its switching strategy and associated state feedback controllers so that such switched model is asymptotical stabilization based on switched Lyapunov function technology and LMI approach.
Multi-sector joint beamforming for 3D coverage control of common control signals

With the emergence of large high-rise buildings and three-dimensional (3D) space distribution of wireless traffics, there exists a new demand of forming seamless high-quality coverage of the common control signals in cellular mobile communication networks. In this paper, 3D coverage control mechanism based on beamforming using planer array antenna of base station (BS) is explored. A novel multi-sector joint control approach is proposed, in which the control is conducted for a sector cluster consisting of several sectors and is according to the heterogeneous coverage requirements and propagation conditions. It jointly utilizes the freedom degrees of beamforming of multiple BS antennas, and cooperatively forms the desired 3D coverage for the whole sector cluster. The optimization model is established to find the excitation weights of the BSs' planer array antennas so that the approximately average Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) is maximized under the constraint of no weak coverage. The antenna excitation weights are obtained through iteration. As compared with the baseline which controls each sector/cell's coverage individually, the proposed algorithm has been validated by using numerical results to have the advantages of eliminating weak coverage and improving SIR.
Learning to Fuse Music Genres with Generative Adversarial Dual Learning

FusionGAN is a novel genre fusion framework for music generation that integrates the strengths of generative adversarial networks and dual learning. In particular, the proposed method offers a dual learning extension that can effectively integrate the styles of the given domains. To efficiently quantify the difference among diverse domains and avoid the vanishing gradient issue, FusionGAN provides a Wasserstein based metric to approximate the distance between the target domain and the existing domains. Adopting the Wasserstein distance, a new domain is created by combining the patterns of the existing domains using adversarial learning. Experimental results on public music datasets demonstrated that our approach could effectively merge two genres.
Low-Level Laser Irradiation Improves Functional Recovery and Nerve Regeneration in Sciatic Nerve Crush Rat Injury Model

The development of noninvasive approaches to facilitate the regeneration of post-traumatic nerve injury is important for clinical rehabilitation. In this study, we investigated the effective dose of noninvasive 808-nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on sciatic nerve crush rat injury model. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 experimental groups: a normal group with or without 808-nm LLLT at 8 J/cm2 and a sciatic nerve crush injury group with or without 808-nm LLLT at 3, 8 or 15 J/cm2. Rats were given consecutive transcutaneous LLLT at the crush site and sacrificed 20 days after the crush injury. Functional assessments of nerve regeneration were analyzed using the sciatic functional index (SFI) and hindlimb range of motion (ROM). Nerve regeneration was investigated by measuring the myelin sheath thickness of the sciatic nerve using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by analyzing the expression of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) in sciatic nerve using western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We found that sciatic-injured rats that were irradiated with LLLT at both 3 and 8 J/cm2 had significantly improved SFI but that a significant improvement of ROM was only found in rats with LLLT at 8 J/cm2. Furthermore, the myelin sheath thickness and GAP43 expression levels were significantly enhanced in sciatic nerve-crushed rats receiving 808-nm LLLT at 3 and 8 J/cm2. Taken together, these results suggest that 808-nm LLLT at a low energy density (3 J/cm2 and 8 J/cm2) is capable of enhancing sciatic nerve regeneration following a crush injury.
Watermarking for multilevel access to statistical databases

Increased corporate, government and academic demand has prompted official statistics to release individual respondent data (microdata) in addition to the traditional tabular data. Microdata must be masked by a statistical disclosure control (SDC) method before being published, because otherwise the statistical confidentiality of respondents would be compromised. A novel application of watermarking is discussed in this paper which allows multilevel access to numerical microdata: depending on her clearance, the data user can remove more or less of the masking. Non-privileged users just see the published data, but as the clearance of a user increases she can get a data set which is closer and closer to the original one.
Albuterol Use in Children Hospitalized with Human Metapneumovirus Respiratory Infection

Introduction. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a paramyxovirus from the same subfamily as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and causes similar acute lower respiratory tract infection. Albuterol in the setting of acute RSV infection is controversial and has not yet been studied in HMPV. We sought to determine the frequency of albuterol use in HMPV infection and the association between albuterol administration and patient outcomes. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study identifying all patients hospitalized in a tertiary care children's hospital with laboratory-confirmed HMPV infection between January 2010 and December 2010. Results. There were 207 patients included in the study; 57% had a chronic medical condition. The median hospital length of stay was 3 days. Only 31% of patients in the study had a documented wheezing history, while 69% of patients received at least one albuterol treatment. There was no difference in length of stay between patients who received albuterol and those who did not. Conclusion. There is a high frequency of albuterol use in children hospitalized with HMPV infection. As with RSV, evidence may not support routine use of bronchodilators in patients with acute HMPV respiratory infection. Research involving additional patient outcomes and illness severity indicators would be useful in future studies.
Parallel Delaunay Refinement: Algorithms and Analyses

We present a parallel Delaunay refinement algorithm for generating well-shaped meshes in both two and three dimensions. Like its sequential counterparts, the parallel algorithm iteratively improves the quality of a mesh by inserting new points, the Steiner points, into the input domain while maintaining the Delaunay triangulation. The Steiner points are carefully chosen from a set of candidates that includes the circumcenters of poorly-shaped triangular elements. We introduce a notion of independence among possible Steiner points that can be inserted simultaneously during Delaunay refinements and show that such a set of independent points can be constructed efficiently and that the number of parallel iterations is O(log2Δ), where Δ is the spread of the input — the ratio of the longest to the shortest pairwise distances among input features. In addition, we show that the parallel insertion of these set of points can be realized by sequential Delaunay refinement algorithms such as by Ruppert's algorithm in .
Geographies of an Online Social Network

How is online social media activity structured in the geographical space? Recent studies have shown that in spite of earlier visions about the “death of distance”, physical proximity is still a major factor in social tie formation and maintenance in virtual social networks. Yet, it is unclear, what are the characteristics of the distance dependence in online social networks. In order to explore this issue the complete network of the former major Hungarian online social network is analyzed. We find that the distance dependence is weaker for the online social network ties than what was found earlier for phone communication networks. For a further analysis we introduced a coarser granularity: We identified the settlements with the nodes of a network and assigned two kinds of weights to the links between them. When the weights are proportional to the number of contacts we observed weakly formed, but spatially based modules resemble to the borders of macro-regions, the highest level of regional administration in the country. If the weights are defined relative to an uncorrelated null model, the next level of administrative regions, counties are reflected.
Constraints on the Cenozoic Deformation of the Northern Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

The Eastern Cordillera of Colombia rose to maximum elevations of >5 km during the Cenozoic by inversion of a Mesozoic rift basin. Previous studies proposed that the exhumation of the Eastern Cordillera increased from ~6 Ma to the present due to the interplay between tectonic shortening and climate. In this study, we integrate new field observations, structural data, low‐temperature thermochronology, thermobarometry, and vitrinite reflectance along a section through the Tablazo, Cocuy, and Llanos regions to estimate the amount of shortening and the exhumation history. Our results indicate that shortening started as early as the latest Maastrichtian‐Paleocene in the Tablazo and Cocuy regions. Exhumation migrated eastward, starting in the Paleocene in the west and continuing in the Miocene in the east. The amount and rate of exhumation peaked in the Cocuy region with values of <5 km and < 0.4 km/Ma, respectively. At the highest elevations in the Cocuy Sierra, we also found evidence of a low‐pressure/high‐temperature metamorphic overprint, possibly related to shallow and local magmatic intrusions that occurred in the Late Miocene. Our cross‐section interpretation suggests a low amount of shortening (13%) that is mainly accommodated by high‐angle inverted faults and by the frontal thrust system. The presence of shallow magmatic bodies, moderate exhumation, and low shortening raises questions about the processes (isostatic versus dynamic) that drove the topographic growth of the high Cocuy Sierra.
Using Smart Meter Data to Improve the Accuracy of Intraday Load Forecasting Considering Customer Behavior Similarities

With the deployment of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), an avalanche of new energy-use information became available. Better understanding of the actual power consumption patterns of customers is critical for improving load forecasting and efficient deployment of smart grid technologies to enhance operation, energy management, and planning of electric power systems. Unlike traditional aggregated system-level load forecasting, the AMI data introduces a fresh perspective to the way load forecasting is performed, ranging from very short-term load forecasting to long-term load forecasting at the system level, regional level, feeder level, or even down to the consumer level. This paper addresses the efforts involved in improving the system level intraday load forecasting by applying clustering to identify groups of customers with similar load consumption patterns from smart meters prior to performing load forecasting.
Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

SUMMARY Coronaviruses are a family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses classified within the Nidovirales order. This coronavirus family consists of pathogens of many animal species and of humans, including the recently isolated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This review is divided into two main parts; the first concerns the animal coronaviruses and their pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the functions of individual viral genes, and the second discusses the newly described human emerging pathogen, SARS-CoV. The coronavirus part covers (i) a description of a group of coronaviruses and the diseases they cause, including the prototype coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus, which is one of the recognized animal models for multiple sclerosis, as well as viruses of veterinary importance that infect the pig, chicken, and cat and a summary of the human viruses; (ii) a short summary of the replication cycle of coronaviruses in cell culture; (iii) the development and application of reverse genetics systems; and (iv) the roles of individual coronavirus proteins in replication and pathogenesis. The SARS-CoV part covers the pathogenesis of SARS, the developing animal models for infection, and the progress in vaccine development and antiviral therapies. The data gathered on the animal coronaviruses continue to be helpful in understanding SARS-CoV.
BPS domain wall solutions in self-dual Chern-Simons-Higgs systems

We study domain wall solitons in the relativistic self-dual Chern-Simons-Higgs systems by the dimensional reduction method to two-dimensional spacetime. The Bogomol{close_quote}nyi bound on the energy is given by two conserved quantities in a similar way that the energy bound for Bogomol{close_quote}nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) dyons is set in some Yang-Mills-Higgs systems in four dimensions. We find the explicit soliton configurations which saturate the energy bound and their nonrelativistic counterparts. We also discuss the underlying N=2 supersymmetry. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Firewalls for the Web 2.0

The widespread use of Web 2.0 technologies yields an increasing threat potential for users and related systems. Modern web applications and online services are nowadays based on Web 2.0 technologies, such as JavaScript and AJAX, and thus on the execution of active content in the browsers of the users. Firewalls are a common practice to securely connecting to the internet. In this paper, we propose a novel perimeter firewall architecture for web applications that addresses the entire process chain starting from the data transfer with HTTP via the analysis of manipulated web documents to the extraction and analysis of active contents. The basic idea is to allow only a restricted set of web applications to pass the firewall based on a model of their HTML and JavaScript structure. We evaluate the capability of the resulting models for identifying the underlying web applications and their ability to ward off additional malicious inputs.
Mice expressing a dominant-negative Ret mutation phenocopy human Hirschsprung disease and delineate a direct role of Ret in spermatogenesis

The Ret receptor tyrosine kinase mediates physiological signals of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) and is essential for postnatal survival in mice. It is implicated in a number of human diseases and developmental abnormalities. Here, we describe our analyses of mice expressing a Ret mutant (RetDN) with diminished kinase activity that inhibits wild-type Ret activity, including its activation of AKT. All RetDN/+ mice died by 1 month of age and had distal intestinal aganglionosis reminiscent of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) in humans. The RetDN/+ proximal small intestine also had severe hypoganglionosis and reduction in nerve fiber density, suggesting a potential mechanism for the continued gastric dysmotility in postsurgical HSCR patients. Unlike Ret-null mice, which have abnormalities in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, the RetDN/+ mice only had defects in the parasympathetic nervous system. A small proportion of RetDN/+ mice had renal agenesis, and the remainder had hypoplastic kidneys and developed tubulocystic abnormalities postnatally. Postnatal analyses of the testes revealed a decreased number of germ cells, degenerating seminiferous tubules, maturation arrest and apoptosis, indicating a crucial role for Ret in early spermatogenesis.
Towards Unattended and Privacy Protected Border Control

Biometric data have been integrated in all new European passports, since the member states of the European Union started to implement the EU Council Regulation No 2252/2004 on standards for security features and biometrics in passports. The additional integration of three-dimensional facial models promises significant performance enhancements for border control applications. By combining the geometry-and texture-channel information of the face, 3D face recognition systems provide improved robustness while being able to handle variations in poses and problematic lighting conditions during image acquisition. To assess the potential of three-dimensional face recognition, the 3D Face Integrated Project was initiated as part of the European Framework Program for collaborative research in April 2006. This paper outlines the research objectives and the approach of this project: Not only shall the recognition performance be increased but also a new, fake-resistant acquisition system is to be developed. In addition, methods for protection of the stored template data in the biometric reference are under development to enhance the privacy and security of the overall system. The use of multi-biometrics is also a key feature of the 3D Face project addressing the performance, robustness and flexibility targets of the system.
Assessing the Impact of Population Stratification on Association Studies of Rare Variation

Aims: The study of rare variants, which can potentially explain a great proportion of heritability, has emerged as an important topic in human gene mapping of complex diseases. Although several statistical methods have been developed to increase the power to detect disease-related rare variants, none of these methods address an important issue that often arises in genetic studies: false positives due to population stratification. Using simulations, we investigated the impact of population stratification on false-positive rates of rare-variant association tests. Methods: We simulated a series of case-control studies assuming various sample sizes and levels of population structure. Using such data, we examined the impact of population stratification on rare-variant collapsing and burden tests of rare variation. We further evaluated the ability of 2 existing methods (principal component analysis and genomic control) to correct for stratification in such rare-variant studies. Results: We found that population stratification can have a significant influence on studies of rare variants especially when the sample size is large and the population is severely stratified. Our results showed that principal component analysis performed quite well in most situations, while genomic control often yielded conservative results. Conclusions: Our results imply that researchers need to carefully match cases and controls on ancestry in order to avoid false positives caused by population structure in studies of rare variants, particularly if genome-wide data are not available.
Bilingual Text, Matching using Bilingual Dictionary and Statistics

This paper describes a unified framework for bilingual text matching by combining existing hand-written bilingual dictionaries and statistical techniques. The process of bilingual text matching consists of two major steps: sentence alignment and structural matching of bilingual sentences. Statistical techniques are applied to estimate word correspondences not included in bilingual dictionaries. Estimated word correspondences are useful for improving both sentence alignment and structural matching.