Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review on Peripheral Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Therapy for Cartilage Repair

Comprehensive analysis showed that the popularity of research peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells for knee cartilage repair is still lacking, as they peripherally exist at a very low level. Despite its small cell number, peripheral blood is yet one of the most convenient sources of mesenchymal stem cells due to its less invasive method to harvest. This study aimed to systematically review the current evidence of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards the repair of articular cartilage defect. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify all in vivo studies reporting the structural outcome of articular cartilage repair in the knee following electronic databases: PubMed, WOS and SCOPUS. The in vitro characterizations of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated to enable quality assessment. Literature from 1934 to 2019 showed 4822 of total articles with only three findings related to pre-clinical studies were included in the analysis. The selection of animal model, type of transplantation, mobilization of the peripheral blood, in vitro culture condition, type of scaffold, assessments on the cartilage defect, and the outcome measures were heterogeneous. Evidence showed that mobilized peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were more superior in repairing articular cartilage compared to those that were non-mobilized. These cells also showed a comparable capability in repairing articular cartilage than the commonly used bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Overall, more progress is needed to expand the usage of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells from basic biological science to the translational studies in clinical practice.
Heavy Metal Levels and Risk Assessment from Consumption of Marine Fish in Peninsular Malaysia

Fish consumption is one of the primary sources of protein in Malaysia. However, harmful substances, including heavy metals released from anthropogenic sources may accumulate in marine organisms through the food chain. Hence, human health risks may occur through the consumption of fish contaminated by heavy metals. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals and to assess health risks in edible tissues of 296 commonly consumed marine fish throughout Peninsular Malaysia. The marine fish samples were collected from selected major fish landing ports throughout Peninsular Malaysia. This paper focused on nine heavy metals concentrations namely selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) in 46 species of marine fish. The fish samples were digested using a microwave digestion system (Multiwave 3000, Anton Paar). Heavy metals concentrations were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) ELAN 9000 (Perkin Elmer, Sciex, Canada). The heavy metals concentrations in marine fish samples were found to be dominated by Zn followed by Sn, Se, Cu, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd and Sb which ranged between 15.9612 mg/kg (Zn) and 0.0002 mg/kg (Sb) wet weight. Among the investigated fish species, Otolithoides biauritus demonstrated the lowest concentration for all heavy metal except for Pb. The estimated weekly intakes (EWI) for all samples in this study were below the established PTWI by JECFA of FAO/WHO. Risk assessment results showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values were lower than 1 in all fish species. The results indicate that exposure to the studied metals poses a low non-carcinogenic risk and considered safe for human consumption.
Occupational Health Considerations for Anesthesiologists: From Ergonomics to Economics

Learning Objectives: As a result of completing this activity, the participant will be able to Describe many of the occupational hazards to which anesthesiologists are potentially exposed in their daily practice Employ strategies for avoiding, preventing, or treating some of the occupationally related diseases that have been associated with the practice of anesthesiology Detect and avoid the vulnerabilities and diseases most commonly associated with disability and death among anesthesiologists Explain some of the benefits and advantages of the modern practice of anesthesiology
Evaluation of the Human Amniotic Membrane as a Scaffold for Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Attachment and Proliferation

This study was aimed at evaluating the ability of the human amniotic membrane (HAM) to act as a scaffold for the growth of the main cells in periodontal regeneration, human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs). The HAM has many biological properties that are suitable for periodontal tissue regeneration such as low immunogenicity, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, and a rich extracellular matrix component. Commercially available HPDLFs were seeded onto the HAM, and the attachment and proliferation of the cells were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological analysis. Cell viability was assessed using the alamarBlue® proliferation assay at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21. Histologically, the HPDLFs showed a monolayer to multilayer attachment onto the HAM from day 1 to day 7. The SEM analysis demonstrated that the HPDLFs had attached appropriately onto the HAM surface at day 1 to day 3, and began overlapping at day 7, while maintaining their flat shape. However, by days 14 and 21, there was an alteration in the morphology of the cells, where they later became rounded. The proliferation assay showed that the viability of the HPDLFs on the HAM had increased significantly from day 1 to day 7 (p=0.012), but later showed significant reduction at day 14 (p=0.002) and day 21 (p=0.005). In conclusion, this study showed that the HAM was able to function well as a scaffold for HPDLFs within 7 days, and thus, it can be a promising scaffold for periodontal regeneration. However, the behaviour of the cells in relation to the membrane over longer culture duration warrants further investigation.
The Potential of Walnut Seeds (Canarium indicum L.) in Repairing The Genotoxicity Effect of Mercury on Mice Erythrocytes

Hydrargyrum (familiar as mercury) is a persistent transition metal element. They are known as bio-accumulative properties that are dangerous to the environment and has serious damaging effects on biota, including genetic changes or mutagenesis. Moreover, it can accumulate indirectly in the human body due to the consumption of products that have contaminated. Whereas, ellagic acid has reported as one of 13 flavonoid compounds that have potential as an anti-mutagen and anti-cancer in the walnuts seeds. This study was aimed to ensure the potential extent of ellagic acid extracts in walnut seeds to reducing and repairing the genotoxicity effects of mercury. Therefore, using the experimental method, this study was divided into several test treatments. Two controls treatment as a comparison of the presence of micronucleus with group tests that given a 20 ppm mercury dosage. Then continued with the addition of walnut seed extract with various dosage (10, 15, and 20 ppm) by oral injection continuously for two weeks as a recovery process to reducing and repairing the genotoxicity effect of mercury. The significant results showed that there are differences between pre and post-treatment. It indicated that the extract has the potential for improving and reducing the genotoxicity effect of mercury. The data were evaluated and obtained the total micronucleus from the smear of peripheral blood of mice by comparing the total micronucleus before and after giving of walnut extract.
Shape memory and self‐healing behavior of styrene–butadiene–styrene/ethylene‐methacrylic acid copolymer (SBS/EMAA) elastomers containing ionic interactions

Ionic interactions were introduced to styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) through blending with ethylene‐methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA) and zinc oxide (ZnO), and a following in situ neutralization reaction between the carboxyl groups of EMAA and ZnO. The resultant SBS/EMAA (60/40 wt %) blends containing zinc carboxylate crosslinks exhibited high modulus and strong long‐time relaxation characteristics. With 74% of the carboxyl groups neutralized (zinc cation fraction of 1.7 wt %), the tensile strength of the blends was increased from 14.6 to 16.6 MPa, and the stress at 100% extension was increased from 4.8 to 8.1 MPa. The melting temperature of EMAA was utilized to trigger the shape memory behavior of SBS/EMAA, and the reversible ionic bonds endowed SBS with better shape memory and self‐healing performance. The shape‐fixing ratio and recovery ratio of SBS were increased from 90.2 and 56.5% up to 93.3 and 84.2%, respectively. When the cut surfaces of SBS/EMAA/Zn samples were brought back into contact and annealed at 100 °C for 1 h, the strength and the elongation at break were recovered by 36 and 21%, respectively. This introduction of ionic interactions through the EMAA‐ZnO neutralization reactions imparts new functions to SBS thermoplastic elastomers.
Measles, Mumps, Varicella Zoster, Diphtheria and Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Status in Pediatric Acute Leukemic Patients

Background and Aim: This is a preliminary study to evaluate the levels of protective antibodies against some of the vaccine preventable diseases, as a part of the nationwide vaccination program, in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemic children (ALL) and in their non cancer controls of matched age and sex. Methods: Serum antibody levels of measles, mumps, Varicella zoster, diphtheria, and hepatitis B surface antigen were evaluated by ELISA technique in 120 children with ALL as well as in 60 children with no malignancy as a control group. Results: A protective serum antibody level to measles, mumps, Varicella zoster, diphtheria and hepatitis B were detected in 53%, 14%, 38%, 83% and 72%, respectively of leukemic children irrelevant to phase of treatment compared to 53%, 20%, 40%, 75% and 67%, in the controls. Seropositivity rate of diphtheria was not found to be related to age in both ALL patients and controls. A significant decline in seropositivity rate to antiHBs with age in both leukemic and their controls was observed (p=0.02, 0.015 respectively). On multivariate analysis, seropositivity of varicella and mumps was positively dependent on age (P<0.001, 0.03, respectively) and seropositivity of Hepatitis B virus significantly decreased with age (P=0.005). Conclusion: High percentages of acute leukemic patients and their controls were unprotected against measles, mumps and Varicella zoster. Immunogenicity of measles and mumps components in MMR should be re-evaluated. Booster dose of HB vaccine should be given to school aged children. Revaccination must be a task in treating leukemic patients at National Cancer Institute in Egypt.
A model for particle removal from surfaces with large-scale roughness in turbulent flows

Abstract The resuspension rate of particles from surfaces is significantly dependent on surface roughness. Existing models only consider the case of surface asperities much smaller than particle diameter, but often particle sizes of interest are comparable or smaller than substrate roughness. In this study, a model for particle removal from large-scale roughness is described. Substrate roughness is described using a 2D sinusoidal profile. The critical shear velocity is determined considering rolling detachment of particles with JKR adhesion model and hydrodynamic moments on particles residing on the rough substrates. Our model results show that the effect of surface roughness on critical shear velocity is strongly dependent on the value of roughness amplitude and wavelength relative to particle size. The model predicts four primary removal regions based on relative particle-surface characteristics: easier-to-remove than smooth substrate, more difficult to remove than smooth substrate, not possible to remove, and similar behavior as smooth surface. The model performance is validated by comparison of predictions with published experimental results for highly rough substrates. Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Side‐Chain Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)s for Proton Exchange Membranes

A series of novel side‐chain sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) multiblock and random copolymers were synthesized by condensation polymerization from a new disulfonated aryl sulfone monomer, 4,4′‐difluoro‐2,2′‐bis(3‐sulfobenzoyl)diphenyl sulfone disodium salt (DFBSPS). The chemical structures of DFBSPS and the SPAESs were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The SPAES membranes prepared by solution cast method exhibited high tensile strength (50–71 MPa) and high radical oxidative stability. They could keep their morphology and maintain proton conductivities after hydrolysis test in 95 °C water for 1000 h. They also showed smaller swelling ratio in in‐plane direction than in through‐plane direction and such an anisotropic effect was more significant for the multiblock copolymers than for the random ones. The multiblock copolymer membranes exhibited higher proton conductivity than the random ones with similar ion exchange capacities (IECs). Preliminary hydrogen‐oxygen fuel cell tests were performed at 60 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH). The results showed that the single cell equipped with the multibiock copolymer membrane SB3 exhibited 0.12 W cm⁻² higher maximum output power density than the one equipped with the random copolymer membrane SR3 (with the same IEC), indicating much better performance of the former. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2304–2313
The elemental composition of various biosubstrates of productive horses

The study of the elemental composition of biosubstrates of horses of heavy breeds in the system blood-milk-wool was undertaken. The average values of the exchange pool of 6 toxic (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, tin) and 13 essential elements (calcium, potassium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, iodine, magnesium, selenium and zinc) in the body of lactating horses were determined. Comparison of the concentration of toxic elements in various horse nutrient depots showed a significant positive correlation with individual essential nutrients.
Calcium and zinc mediated growth and physio-biochemical changes in mungbean grown under saline conditions

Abstract Salinity is a major abiotic factor adversely affecting plant productivity by reducing calcium (Ca) uptake due to strong antagonistic effects of sodium (Na) in the root regions. In calcareous soils, most of the essential nutrients precipitate in unavailable forms for plants. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical response of two mungbean varieties (salt-tolerant Mung-88 and salt-sensitive NM-28) supplemented foliarly with Ca and zinc (Zn) and their combination (Ca + Zn). An experiment in plastic pots (containing 5 kg washed river sand), with above indicated two mungbean varieties, foliar application of Ca (0.1%), Zn (0.1%) and their combination (Ca + Zn) along with control (with no foliar spray) based on a complete randomized design, was conducted under two levels of salinity (0 and 8.0 dS m−1). The results showed a significant effect of foliar application of Ca, Zn and their combination on chlorophyll (Chl) contents, gas exchange (photosynthetic activity), N, P, K and biomass attributes under both saline and normal conditions. The foliar application of Ca + Zn (0.1% each) was effective in increasing plant biomass by altering physiological and biochemical processes under saline conditions. The results achieved highlight the importance of Ca and Zn nutrition in salt-stress conditions.
Cognitive impairment and neurological soft signs in an Egyptian sample of schizophrenia patients

AbstractCognitive impairment and neurological soft signs (NSS) are increasing in frequency among schizophrenia patients. However, this relationship has remained elusive and has hardly been studied. ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that increased NSS would be associated with more cognitive impairment and more severe psychopathology in an Egyptian sample of schizophrenia patients from the Sharkia governorate. Participants and methodsFifty consecutive attendees of the Psychiatric Outpatients Clinic, University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, were compared with 50 matched healthy controls. Outcome measures included the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES): Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales (PANSS). ResultsCompared with the controls, patients had lower RBANS and higher NES scores. Patients were classified into two groups by the median (4.0) of the NES-total scores. Patients with high NES scores (N=29): compared with those with low NES scores (N 21) had higher PANSS negative scale scores and lower Visuospatial/Constructional, Attention, and Delayed scores. ConclusionNSSs may be linked to the neuropathology that underlies the negative symptomatology of schizophrenia. The association of NSSs with cognitive impairments may be considered as additional support to the use of neurological examination as a bedside screening measure for cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.
Novel construction of nanostructured carbon materials as sulfur hosts for advanced lithium‐sulfur batteries

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are among the most promising next generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their ultrahigh energy density, which has attracted enormous attentions. Nevertheless, the development and application of LSBs are still subject to some major technical obstacles such as the insulating nature of sulfur, the shuttle effect of intermediate polysulfides, and the drastic volume expansion. To overcome these challenges, various strategies have been employed to promote the performance of LSBs. This review focuses on summarizing the major development of novel nanostructured carbon hosts for advanced LSBs. The carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon spheres are introduced to improve our understanding of the morphology effects on LSBs. The heterogeneous atom‐doping, unique hollow structures are summarized to investigate the chemical bonding effects during the charge/discharge process. The organic framework derived carbon structures are discussed to inspire us to find novel routes to enhance the performance of LSBs. Finally, the conclusions and prospects of nanostructured carbon in LSBs are proposed, while the challenges in the further development of LSBs are also discussed.
Synthesis of acrylic acid and its esters with Se-containing catalysts

– Se-containing catalysts of organic and inorganic nature were explored for the synthesis of acrylic acid and its esters in different solvents. Newly synthesized Se-containing microgel catalyst shown the best catalytic performance. With microgel catalyst different acrylate monomers can be produced with high yield simply by varying solvent nature.
Reappraisal of the GL‐O Reference Material for K‐Ar Dating: New Insight from Microanalysis, Single‐Grain and Milligram Ar Measurements

The homogeneity and Ar‐dating suitability of the GL‐O reference material were re‐evaluated to determine whether this material is sufficiently homogeneous to be suitable for the calibration of modern high sensitivity instruments. Based on new micro‐analyses and noble gas determinations, our contribution reveals several kinds of inhomogeneity at the grain scale: disparity in the glauconitisation among and within the pellets, variable occurrence of a phosphatic component within pellets (1% m/m on average), and rare occurrences of calcite and detrital grains. Measurements on test portions of ≤ 1 mg reflect such heterogeneity with variability in 40Ar* content that exceeds analytical uncertainty, including a few highly anomalous values. The lesser evolved glauconite population yielded 40Ar* contents ~ 15% lower than the value of 24.8 nl g−1 recommended by Odin et al. (1982, Numerical dating in stratigraphy. Wiley (Chichester, UK), 123–148). But the measured concentrations of 40Ar* converge towards the aforementioned value as test portion mass increased to > 3 mg. A few rare 3 mg experiments still yielded 40Ar* contents lower than the recommended value (down to 24.0 nl g−1), and we recommend using more conservative minimum masses of 5–10 mg. A further purification step for GL‐O or the intercalibration of its powder version could be considered to diminish the size of the test portions and the intensity of the measured signals.
Aquatic Exercise as a Management Tool for Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema

Clinical management in the aftermath of breast cancer mainly focuses on screening for cancer recurrence. Issues such as lymphedema and the related cosmetic changes, decreased functional use, and altered self-image often receive less attention than is warranted. Women report, however, that breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) negatively impacts quality of life, and their ability to advance successfully beyond the breast cancer experience. On the basis of clinical experience and early clinical data, practitioners indicate that moderate aerobic exercise involving trunk and extremity muscle contraction actually assists in BCRL volume control. Aquatic exercise utilizes hydrostatic pressure to reduce residual arm volumes. In addition to the constant hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy allows women to move more freely than on land, creating more muscle pump activity to mobilize lymph fluid. Aquatic exercise provides women with one activity to assist in BCRL management.
Low‐Pressure EUV Photochemical Experiments: Insight on the Ion Chemistry Occurring in Titan's Atmosphere

Thanks to the Cassini spacecraft onboard instruments, it has been known that Titan's ionospheric chemistry is complex and the molecular growth is initiated through the photolysis of the most abundant species directly in the upper atmosphere. Among the pool of chemical compounds formed by the photolysis, N‐bearing species are involved in the haze formation, but the chemical incorporation pathways need to be better constrained. In this work, we performed low‐pressure extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photochemical laboratory experiments. The APSIS reactor was filled with a N2/CH4 (90/10%) gas mixture relevant to the upper atmosphere of Titan. The cell was irradiated by using a EUV photon source at 73.6 nm, which has been difficult to produce in the laboratory for previous studies. The photoproducts (both neutral and ionic species) were monitored in situ with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The chemical pathways are explained by confronting experimental observations and numerical predictions of the photoproducts. The most interesting result in this work is that methanimine was the only stable N‐bearing neutral molecule detected during the experiments, and it relies on N 2+ production. This experimental result is in agreement with the relatively high abundance predicted by 1‐D photochemical models of Titan's atmosphere and comforts methanimine as an intermediate toward the formation of complex N‐bearing organic molecules. This experiment is only testing one part of the overall chemical scheme for Titan's upper atmosphere due to the selective wavelength but demonstrates the capability to probe the chemical pathways occurring in Titan's atmosphere by minimizing bias coming from wall surface reactions.