Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Prevalence of PTSD in Hand Trauma: A Comprehensive Study

Hand trauma is a common and debilitating condition that can have significant physical, functional, and psychological effects on individuals. This study used a case–control design to investigate the frequency and factors associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of individuals with complex hand and forearm injuries. Our hypothesis suggests that demographic data, among other factors, influences the intensity of PTSD symptoms measured by the PCL-5 scale three months post-surgery. This study included 166 individuals, 142 males and 24 females, with an average age of 42.14 years (SD = 12.71). Our study found significant associations between symptoms of PTSD and various demographic and clinical factors. PTSD symptoms were observed in females, individuals from specific regions, and certain socio-professional groups. Furthermore, educational attainment and personal background have been identified as significant factors in the development of PTSD. The role of trauma type was crucial, amputees and fractures were more prone to developing PTSD. A strong link was found between increased symptoms of PTSD and negative postoperative outcomes, including amputation of necessity and the need for additional surgery. The absence of family support exacerbates the psychological distress of trauma survivors. The findings highlight the intricate nature of PTSD development and underscore the significance of a comprehensive postoperative treatment strategy encompassing psychological assessment and support.
Simulating the impact of sea salt on global nss sulphate aerosols

[1] The Canadian Aerosol Module coupled with the Canadian third generation Global Climate Model was used to simulate the global distributions of size-segregated sea salt and sulphate aerosols of both anthropogenic and natural origins in the atmosphere. A sectional model of 12 size bins was used to treat the size distribution of sea salt and sulphate, which is assumed to be internally mixed in each size bin. The spatial and temporal distributions predicted by the model compare reasonably well with observations. The mixed aerosol simulations yield number and volume size distributions in the marine boundary layer (MBL) comparable with observations. Sea salt particles redistribute the mass and number distributions of sulphate aerosols by serving as a quenching agent to nucleation and as an additional surface area for condensation and by changing the cloud properties in the MBL. By differential simulations of global sea salt and sulphate it is found that the presence of sea salt increases the mass mean diameter of sulphate aerosols by up to a factor of 2 over the MBL with high sea salt concentrations and reduces the global sulphate aerosol mass in the surface MBL layer from 5 to 75% depending on the sea salt distributions. The high impacts are in the midlatitudes of both Northern and Southern Hemispheres with a minimum in the equatorial regions. In the polluted anthropogenic regions of North Pacific and Atlantic, sea salt reduces the sulphate concentration from 10 to 30%. The peak reductions of 50–75% occur in the roaring 40s of the Southern Hemisphere in spring and fall. The impact of sea salt on the annual global mass and number loading is estimated to be 9.13 and 0.76%, respectively. A reduction of 20–60% in the marine cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) was predicted because of the presence of sea salt, with greatest reductions in the roaring 40s south (40–70%) and in the midlatitude north (20–40%) where the sea salt concentrations were high. Along the equatorial regions some enhancement of total CDNC was simulated because of the presence of sea salt aerosols.
Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution

Preface 1. Patterns of culture? 2. Studying chimpanzees 3. Chimpanzees as apes 4. Cultured chimpanzees? 5. Chimpanzee sexes 6. Chimpanzees and foragers 7. Chimpanzees compared 8. Chimpanzee ethnology 9. Chimpanzees as models 10. What chimpanzees are, are not, and might be References Appendix Index.
Enabling mRNA Therapeutics: Current Landscape and Challenges in Manufacturing

Recent advances and discoveries in the structure and role of mRNA as well as novel lipid-based delivery modalities have enabled the advancement of mRNA therapeutics into the clinical trial space. The manufacturing of these products is relatively simple and eliminates many of the challenges associated with cell culture production of viral delivery systems for gene and cell therapy applications, allowing rapid production of mRNA for personalized treatments, cancer therapies, protein replacement and gene editing. The success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the immense potential of this technology as a vaccination platform, but there are still particular challenges to establish mRNA as a widespread therapeutic tool. Immunostimulatory byproducts can pose a barrier for chronic treatments and different production scales may need to be considered for these applications. Moreover, long-term storage of mRNA products is notoriously difficult. This review provides a detailed overview of the manufacturing steps for mRNA therapeutics, including sequence design, DNA template preparation, mRNA production and formulation, while identifying the challenges remaining in the dose requirements, long-term storage and immunotolerance of the product.
Drained Instability in Loose Granular Material

AbstractThe constant shear drained (CSD) test is considered an appropriate test to simulate the instability behavior of soils in slopes under water infiltration conditions or lateral stress relief. However, contradiction of the drained instability in loose granular material exists in the reported test results, which is considered because of the condition of constant deviatoric stress (q) not strictly satisfied in the literature. Because the variation of q during the CSD test has significant effects on the test results, more data from tests under a true constant q condition are needed to clarify this subject. In this paper, CSD and conventional undrained triaxial tests in both compressive and extensive loading were performed to investigate the instability behavior of loose sand. All the CSD tests were conducted by advanced variable confining pressure triaxial apparatus, in which a true constant q was maintained during the test; thus, more reliable results were obtained. It is observed experimentally that w.
Effects of the North Atlantic oscillation on the probability for climatic categories of local monthly rainfall in southern Spain

In many regions of the world, planning agricultural and water management activities is usually done based on probabilities for seasonal or monthly rainfall, for specified intervals of values. These intervals of rainfall amounts are commonly grouped into three categories: drought, normal rainfall, and abundant rainfall. Changes in the probabilities of occurrence of rainfall amounts within these climatic rainfall categories will influence the decisions that farmers and water managers will take. This research explores the changes produced by the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) on the probability that local monthly rainfall takes in the southern Iberian Peninsula. The evolution of the NAO was divided into three phases: negative NAO, ‘normal’ NAO, and positive NAO, and local rainfall series were divided into three groups, corresponding to each NAO phase. The resulting empirical distribution functions were analysed and modelled by Gamma distributions. The results allow one to estimate the change in the probabilities of wet and dry months when a change in NAO phase is produced. The main result of this work is that changes in the probability of occurrence of climate categories of rainfall are more complex than only an increase of rainfall amount during the negative NAO phase and a decrease during the positive NAO phase. In fact, a certain asymmetry is detected in January, with more extremes linked to the negative NAO phase. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Warming of the Arctic lower stratosphere by light absorbing particles

Recent measurements of light absorbing particles in the Arctic lower stratosphere show significantly higher mass concentrations of black carbon than were measured in 1992. The difference is primarily a result of measurements with a more quantitative and accurate technique than was previously used. We attribute the large amount of light absorbing material to transport from lower latitude, tropospheric sources rather than increases in aircraft emissions. The calculated heating rate in this aerosol layer, as compared to an atmosphere consisting of only gases, increases by 12% during the winter. This is a result of light absorption by the particles and could perturb the altitude of the local tropopause and affect tropospheric/stratospheric exchange processes.
Medicinal Plants Used for Eye Conditions in Mexico—A Review

Medicinal plants have been historically significant for treating common human diseases in Mexico. Although some ethnobotanical research exists, limited ethnomedicinal data has documented medicinal plants employed for eye health. This review focuses on ethnomedicinal information and preclinical and clinical studies regarding medicinal plants used in Mexico for treating symptoms associated with eye conditions. An electronic database search was conducted by consulting scientific articles, books about Mexican herbal medicine, and academic theses. This work recorded 69 plant species belonging to 26 plant families, especially plants from the Crassulaceae family, which are used as remedies for irritation and infections in the eye. Eight of these medicinal plants have been the subject of preclinical studies using ocular models, and one medicinal plant has been tested in clinical trials. The evidence of pharmacological effects indicates the promising therapeutic potential of these medicinal plants for developing new treatments for eye conditions. However, toxicological studies are necessary to ensure safe application to the eye, particularly as traditional medicine continues to be relied upon worldwide. In addition, this review highlights the need to perform ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies in Mexico regarding the medicinal flora used as remedies for eye conditions.
Wpływ algorytmu określania dróg spływu powierzchniowego na wyniki oceny zagrożenia gleb erozją wodną w skali zlewni z zastosowaniem modelu RUSLE

The objective of the presented research was to evaluate the influence of flow routing algorithm on RUSLE-based soil erosion assessment on catchment scale. Both, the amount of soil loss and the pattern of erosion risk classes were compared. Seven flow routing algorithms were tested: D8, Rho8, Kinematic Routing, DEMON, D, Multiply Flow Direction (MFD) and Triangular Multiply Flow Direction (MD). Based on the results achieved, we can conclude that the choice of flow routing algorithm influences the soil erosion risk assessment. Particular approaches gave similar results when total area of endangered soils in the catchment was considered. However, the patterns of erosion differ. Multiple-direction algorithms (especially DEMON) seem to be better suited for water erosion studies.
Biological response to the 1997–98 and 2009–10 El Niño events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

Changes in the physical environment associated with eastern Pacific (EP)‐El Niño and central Pacific (CP)‐El Niño events affect the biological response in the equatorial Pacific Ocean differently. However, such responses have not been adequately investigated, especially in terms of the relevant physical processes. This paper addresses the mechanistic differences in the biological response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the strongest CP‐ and EP‐El Niño to date (i.e., 1997–98 EP‐El Niño and 2009–10 CP‐El Niño) using satellite data and water mass pathway analysis based on an ocean reanalysis product. The 1997–98 EP‐El Niño was associated with a larger reduction of chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and the 2009–10 CP‐El Niño was associated with a larger reduction of chl‐a in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP). These biological responses were dependent on the strength and extent of westerly wind anomalies and their impact on horizontal and vertical processes. Horizontal advection was the primary contributor to differences in chl‐a between the two El Niño events in the CEP, whereas vertical advection and mixing were the dominant processes in the EEP.
Ionospheric and thermospheric storms at equatorial latitudes observed by CHAMP, ROCSAT, and DMSP

[1] Analysis of the dayside electron density (Ne) and neutral mass density (N) at 400 km height measured by CHAMP during 12 intense geomagnetic storms in 2000–2004, and ion densities at 600 km and 840 km heights measured by ROCSAT and DMSP during a few of the intense storms, reveal some new aspects. Thermospheric storms (change of N) reach the equator within 1.5 to 3 hours from the main phase (MP) onset of intense storms having short and steady MPs. The responses of the equatorial ionosphere (at CHAMP) to both MPs and RPs (recovery phases) of the storms are generally opposite to those at higher latitudes. In addition to the known opposite responses during MPs, the analysis reveals that positive ionospheric storms develop at equatorial latitudes (within about ±15° magnetic latitudes) during daytime RPs, while conventional negative storms occur at higher latitudes. Ionospheric storms also extend to the topside ionosphere beyond 850 km height and are generally positive (at DMSP), especially during MPs. The positive storms around the equatorial ionospheric peak during RPs are interpreted in terms of the potential sources such as (1) zero or westward electric fields due to disturbance dynamo and/or prompt penetration, (2) plasma convergence due to the mechanical effects of storm-time equatorward neutral winds and waves, (3) increase of atomic oxygen density and decrease of molecular nitrogen density due to the downwelling effect of the winds, and (4) photoionization. The positive storms in the topside ionosphere during MPs involve the rapid upward drift of plasma due to eastward PPEFs, reduction in the downward diffusion of plasma along the field lines, and plasma convergence due to equatorward winds and waves.
The History of Animal and Plant Sulfite Oxidase—A Personal View

Sulfite oxidase is one of five molybdenum-containing enzymes known in eukaryotes where it catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. This review covers the history of sulfite oxidase research starting out with the early years of its discovery as a hepatic mitochondrial enzyme in vertebrates, leading to basic biochemical and structural properties that have inspired research for decades. A personal view on sulfite oxidase in plants, that sulfates are assimilated for their de novo synthesis of cysteine, is presented by Ralf Mendel with numerous unexpected findings and unique properties of this single-cofactor sulfite oxidase localized to peroxisomes. Guenter Schwarz connects his research to sulfite oxidase via its deficiency in humans, demonstrating its unique role amongst all molybdenum enzymes in humans. In essence, in both the plant and animal kingdoms, sulfite oxidase represents an important player in redox regulation, signaling and metabolism, thereby connecting sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in multiple ways.
A Rich Middle Triassic Source Rock in the Barents Sea Area

The scope of the work presented in this paper is an evaluation of the petroleum potential of the source rock which shows most promise for the Barents Sea Area. The evaluation is based on analysis of a large number of samples from a Middle Triassic black shale deposit on the various islands of the Svalbard Archipelago. This investigation has shown that the shale is an oil-prone source rock. Analysis of samples taken from areas in the Barents Sea, indicates that this shale sequence has similar potential as a source rock throughout the area south of Svalbard. Integration of this data with the available geophysical and geological data allows the authors to propose that the rich, oilprone Middle Triassic shale sequence also has a widespread distribution throughout the Norwegian Arctic. The results of the geochemical analysis undertaken on Mesozoic deposits of Svalbard and from subsea outcrops in the Barents Sea area is presented. In addition the significant geological data for the region are included. The geochemical data includes; total organic carbon content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis values, vitrinite reflectance and kerogen analysis in transmitted light. In addition some data on the amount and composition of extractable organic matter in the Triassic shales aremore » mentioned. « less
The Effect of Cataract Surgery on the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Background: An advanced age and the female sex are widely recognized risk factors for both cataract and dementia. We investigated the effect of cataract surgery on the incidence of dementia in a Korean population aged ≥ 45 years with a previous diagnosis of cataract. Methods: This nationwide cohort study was performed using Korean National Health Insurance Service data collected from 2006 to 2017. A total of 300,327 subjects aged ≥ 45 years with a history of cataract diagnosis but no previous diagnosis of dementia were analyzed. The relationship between cataract surgery and dementia was evaluated, applying a time-varying analysis to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values according to dementia. It was calculated via a multivariable Cox regression model, with adjustments for age, sex, visual acuity (VA), ocular and systemic comorbidities, and social factors (including body mass index, income, smoking, and drinking). Results: In the multivariate analysis, the cataract surgery group showed a marginal difference in dementia development (HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.02–1.19]) because both cataract and dementia share common risk factors. However, in the subgroup analysis, men (HR 0.49 [95% CI 0.26–0.90]) and patients under 65 years of age (HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.79–0.99]) in the group with cataract surgery and good VA showed a significantly lower incidence of dementia. Conclusion: Through visual improvement, together with timely surgical intervention, the procedure can alleviate the risk of dementia in visually impaired patients, especially in younger and male patients.
Green Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Goals Disclosure: The Role of Female Board of Directors

This study aims to analyze the impact of green corporate social responsibility (CSR) on SDGs Disclosure, using female boards of directors as a moderating variable. The study population is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021. This type of research is quantitative. The sampling technique in this study was a targeted sampling method that yielded 68 company observations. The data used is secondary data in the form of corporate reports and sustainability reports. The analytical method in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study show that while green CSR positively impacts SDG disclosure, female boards of directors can strengthen the influence of green CSR on SDG disclosure. Overall, the findings of this study provide incentives for companies to strengthen green CSR as part of their competitive advantage strategy to achieve the 2030 SDGs targets.
Petroleum Geology of the Malacca Strait Contract Area (Central Sumatra Basin)

Abstract The Malacca Strait Contract Area comprises some 12,000 km2 of offshore and island acreage located between the eastern Sumatra coastline and the Malaysia - Indonesia international boundary. A total of 14 wells had been drilled in the Contract Area up to the end of 1981; these include 2 discovery wells (for the Mengkapan and Lalang oilfields), 4 successful delineation wells and 8 exploratory dry holes. Geologically, the Contract Area represents the north-eastern margin of the Tertiary Central Sumatra Basin, characterized by a relatively thin wedge of Tertiary sediments onlapping the core of the Sundaland Craton. An area of thicker sedimentation in the far western portion of the block is related to the fault-controlled Bengkalis Depression. Both the Mengkapan and Lalang Fields are located within this depocentre. The oil in the Mengkapan and Lalang Fields is reservoired in coarse clastics of the Miocene Sihapas Group. This sandy sequence was deposited in fluviatile to marginal marine environments, and marks the onset of the regional Early Miocene marine transgression. It is demonstrated that the upper boundary of the Sihapas Group is strongly diachronous, varying in age from Lower Miocene (NN2) in the south to Middle Miocene (NN5) in the north. Geochemical data indicate that the best potential source rocks in this part of the basin are shales interbedded within the Sihpas Group. The progressive younging and thinning of marine Upper Tertiary sediments is, therefore, a serious downgrading factor for hydrocarbon exploration along the basin margin, since regionally maturity of source rocks has only been achieved by virtue of very high geothermal gradients.
Creep of dry clinopyroxene aggregates

We have determined diffusional and dislocation creep rheologies for clinopyroxenite Ca1.0Mg0. 8Fe0.2Si2O6 under dry conditions by deforming natural and hot-pressed samples at confining pressures of 300–430 MPa and temperatures of 1100°–1250°C with the oxygen fugacity buffered by either nickel-nickel oxide or iron-wustite powders. The coarse-grained natural Sleaford Bay clinopyroxenite yielded a stress exponent of n = 4.7 ± 0.2 and an activation energy for creep of Q = 760 ± 40 kJ mol−1, consistent with deformation in the dislocation creep regime. The strength of the natural clinopyroxenite is consistent with previous high-temperature measurements of dislocation creep behavior of Sleaford Bay clinopyroxenite by Kirby and Kronenberg [1984] and Boland and Tullis [1986]. Fine-grained clinopyroxenite was prepared from ground powders of the natural clinopyroxenite. Hot-pressed samples were deformed under similar conditions to the natural samples. Mixed-mode deformation behavior was observed, with diffusional creep (n = 1) at lower differential stresses and dislocation creep (with n and Q similar to those of the natural samples) at higher differential stresses. Within the dislocation creep field the predried hot-pressed samples generally yielded creep rates that were about an order of magnitude faster than the natural samples. Thus, even at the highest differential stresses, a component of strain accommodation by grain boundary diffusion was present in the hot-pressed samples. Optical and electron microscope investigations of the deformation microstructures of the natural and hot-pressed samples show evidence for mechanical twinning and activation of dislocation slip systems. When extrapolated to geological conditions expected in the deep crust and upper mantle on Earth and other terrestrial planets, the strength of dry single-phase clinopyroxene aggregates is very high, exceeding that of dry olivine-rich rocks.
Temperature dependent UV absorption cross sections for carbonyl sulfide

The ultraviolet absorption cross sections of gaseous carbonyl sulfide, OCS, have been measured between 185 and 300 nm at 295K and 225K. The results agree well with previously reported values at wavelengths shorter than 270 nm. We found no evidence of longer wavelength absorption and hence we conclude that destruction of OCS by solar photolysis in the troposphere is negligible.