Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What makes a "successful" psychopath? Longitudinal trajectories of offenders' antisocial behavior and impulse control as a function of psychopathy.

Psychopathy is a considerable risk factor for violent behavior. However, many psychopathic individuals refrain from antisocial and criminal acts. The mechanisms underlying the formation of this "successful" phenotype are uncertain. We tested a compensatory model of "successful" psychopathy, which posits that relatively "successful" psychopathic individuals develop greater conscientious traits that serve to inhibit their heightened antisocial impulses. To test this model, we examined the 7-year longitudinal Research on Pathways to Desistance study of 1,354 adjudicated adolescents. Higher initial psychopathy was associated with steeper increases in general inhibitory control and the inhibition of aggression over time. This effect was magnified among "successful" offenders (i.e., those who reoffended less). These findings support our compensatory model, suggesting that psychopathic individuals who develop greater self-regulatory control over their antisocial impulses become relatively more "successful" than their less regulated counterparts. Moreover, our results speak of the importance of the five-factor model for understanding psychopathy and the crucial role of conscientiousness in the form that psychopathic individuals take. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients the Role of Messenger-and Micro-RNA Profiling

Colorectal cancer patients’ responses to neoadjuvant therapy undergo broad inter-individual variations. The aim of this systematic review is to identify a molecular signature that is predictive of colon cancer downstaging and/or downgrading after neoadjuvant therapy. Among the hundreds analysed in the available studies, only 19 messenger-RNAs (mRNAs) and six micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were differentially expressed in responders versus non-responders in two or more independent studies. Therefore, a mRNA/miRNA signature can be designed accordingly, with limitations caused by the retrospective nature of these studies, the heterogeneity in study designs and the downgrading/downstaging assessment criteria. This signature can be proposed to tailor neoadjuvant therapy regimens on an individual basis.
Biomonitoring of Enniatin B1 and Its Phase I Metabolites in Human Urine: First Large-Scale Study

Enniatins (Enns) are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. which are a fungus widely spread throughout cereals and cereal-based products. Among all the identified enniatins, Enn B1 stands as one of the most prevalent analogues in cereals in Europe. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the presence of Enn B1 and its phase I metabolites in 300 human urine samples using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) methodology. Enn B1 was detected in 94.3% of samples ranging from 0.007 to 0.429 ng/mL (mean value: 0.065 ng/mL). In accordance with previous in vitro and in vivo analysis, hydroxylated metabolites (78.0% samples) and carbonylated metabolites (66.0% samples) were tentatively identified as the major products. Results from this biomonitoring study point to a frequent intake of Enn B1 in the studied population, suggesting that in-depth toxicological studies are needed in order to understand the potential effects in humans.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 6 Is Secreted in Extracellular Vesicles upon Hyperthermia and Oxidative Stress in Dendritic Cells But Not in Monocytes

Recently, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) has been shown to play a putative role in the immune system, as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) are stimulated by hyperthermia to express IGFBP-6 at both the mRNA and protein levels. However, the presence of IGFBP-6 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and whether other pro-inflammatory stimuli can induce IGFBP-6 expression in Mo-DCs are not known yet. In this brief report, we show that hyperthermia (39 °C) induces IGFBP-6 secretion associated with microvesicles and exosomes as early as 3 h. Moreover, free IGFBP-6 is found in conditioned media (CM) of hyperthermia- and H2O2-treated Mo-DCs, but not in CM obtained from monocytes similarly treated. These results show that diverse inflammatory stimuli can induce IGFBP-6 association with EVs and secretion in conditioned medium, indicating a role for IGFBP-6 in communication between immune cells.
Estimating the Viability of a Reintroduced New Zealand Robin Population as a Function of Predator Control

Abstract Wildlife managers often have a good understanding of the threats faced by populations, but they need to know the intensity of management required for populations to survive. Managers therefore need quantitative projections for populations under different management regimes rather than just qualitative comparisons. However, quantitative projections are subject to tremendous uncertainty, particularly for small populations monitored for short time spans. We assess the level of predator control needed for a reintroduced population of North Island robins (Petroica longipes) to grow, accounting for uncertainty associated with parameter estimation, model structure, and demographic stochasticity. The robin population grew when exotic rats were reduced to low levels (<10% of footprint tunnels tracked in 24 hr) by regular maintenance of poison bait stations. However, the population declined after baiting was stopped 3 years after the reintroduction (March 2002), and it had fallen to 4 pairs by September 2004. We created a simulation model incorporating relationships between vital rates (survival and fecundity) of the robin population and rat tracking rate estimated from 5 years of data. We ran the model 10,000 times at each rat tracking rate, with vital rates sampled from distributions (defined by estimates and standard errors) at the start of each run. Output from a deterministic model suggested that λ (finite rate of increase) would be >1 if rat tracking were <20%, and up to 1.2 with rat tracking at 1%. However, 95% confidence intervals for λ extended <1 at any tracking rate. With demographic stochasticity added, there was >20% probability of further decline in 5 years even when the expected λ was 1.2. With all forms of uncertainty included, 41% of simulations projected a further decline over 5 years if the rat tracking rate were 10%. This proportion was reduced to 30% if initial population size was increased to 20 pairs. Our analysis therefore showed it was most likely that the robin population would grow if intensive rat control were reinstated, particularly if the population was supplemented, but there was substantial risk the population would continue to decline under such management.
Predictive value of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) for intensive care unit admission in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract Background: From January 2020, Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread all over the world. An early assessment of illness severity is important for the stratification of patients. We analysed the predictive value of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) for intensive care unit admission (ICU) in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: Data of 71 patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted from 1 March to 20 April 2020, to the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Perugia Hospital, Italy, were retrospectively reviewed. NEWS2 at hospital admission, demographic, comorbidity and clinical data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish the correlation between each variable and ICU admission. Results: Among 68 patients included in the analysis, 27 were admitted to ICU. NEWS2 at hospital admission was a good predictor of ICU admission as shown by an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis of 0.90 (standard error 0.04; 95% confidence interval 0.82–0.97). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, NEWS2 was significantly related to ICU admission using thresholds of 5 and 7. No other clinical variables included in the model were significantly correlated with ICU admission. A NEWS2 threshold of 5 had higher sensitivity than a threshold of 7 (89% and 63%). Higher specificity, positive likelihood ratio and positive predictive value were found using a threshold of 7 than a threshold of 5. Conclusions: NEWS2 at hospital admission was a good predictor for ICU admission. Patients with severe COVID-19 were correctly and rapidly stratified.
Toxicity and metabolism of 2,4‐dichlorophenol by the aquatic angiosperm Lemna gibba

The toxicity and metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol with regard to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna gibba (duckweed), have been studied. Toxicity is described in terms of the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) on the vegetative reproduction of duckweed over a 10-d growth period; the EC10 and EC50 were 2.5 and 9.2 [mu]M, respectively. Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol was monitored by incubation of the plants with radiolabeled substrate, and periodic sampling and analysis by reversed-phase HPLC of the plant growth medium. Depending on the growth conditions, up to 95% of the 2,4-DCP was metabolized over a 6-d growth period. To analyze the metabolites, the plants were grown in the presence of sublethal concentrations of [U-[sup 14]C]-2,4-DCP. The growth medium was lyophilized and then mixed with the plants, extracted, and analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC, followed by scintillation counting of the fractions. The major metabolite was isolated and identified as 2,4-dichlorophenol-[beta]-D-glucopyranoside by high-field NMR and MS. The structure of the metabolite was confirmed by synthesis and by enzymatic cleavage of the [beta]-glucosidic linkage to afford 2,4-DCP. An important consequence of conjugate formation is the masking of the presence of 2,4-DCP to the usual analytical techniques used for its detection and quantitation. This finding is probably applicable tomore » other contaminants and organisms. « less
Span-Based LCFRS-2 Parsing

The earliest models for discontinuous constituency parsers used mildly context-sensitive grammars, but the fashion has changed in recent years to grammar-less transition-based parsers that use strong neural probabilistic models to greedily predict transitions. We argue that grammar-based approaches still have something to contribute on top of what is offered by transition-based parsers. Concretely, by using a grammar formalism to restrict the space of possible trees we can use dynamic programming parsing algorithms for exact search for the most probable tree. Previous chart-based parsers for discontinuous formalisms used probabilistically weak generative models. We instead use a span-based discriminative neural model that preserves the dynamic programming properties of the chart parsers. Our parser does not use an explicit grammar, but it does use explicit grammar formalism constraints: we generate only trees that are within the LCFRS-2 formalism. These properties allow us to construct a new parsing algorithm that runs in lower worst-case time complexity of O(l nˆ4 +nˆ6), where n is the sentence length and l is the number of unique non-terminal labels. This parser is efficient in practice, provides best results among chart-based parsers, and is competitive with the best transition based parsers. We also show that the main bottleneck for further improvement in performance is in the restriction of fan-out to degree 2. We show that well-nestedness is helpful in speeding up parsing, but lowers accuracy.
The ADAPT Enhanced Dependency Parser at the IWPT 2020 Shared Task

We describe the ADAPT system for the 2020 IWPT Shared Task on parsing enhanced Universal Dependencies in 17 languages. We implement a pipeline approach using UDPipe and UDPipe-future to provide initial levels of annotation. The enhanced dependency graph is either produced by a graph-based semantic dependency parser or is built from the basic tree using a small set of heuristics. Our results show that, for the majority of languages, a semantic dependency parser can be successfully applied to the task of parsing enhanced dependencies. Unfortunately, we did not ensure a connected graph as part of our pipeline approach and our competition submission relied on a last-minute fix to pass the validation script which harmed our official evaluation scores significantly. Our submission ranked eighth in the official evaluation with a macro-averaged coarse ELAS F1 of 67.23 and a treebank average of 67.49. We later implemented our own graph-connecting fix which resulted in a score of 79.53 (language average) or 79.76 (treebank average), which would have placed fourth in the competition evaluation.
Morphometric and Meristic Studies in Two Crabs: Cardiosoma armatum and Callinectes pallidus

Crabs are non-target species in artisanal and trawl fisheries in West Africa and are a common component of the invertebrate fauna. Information on morphometric, meristic and length-weight characteristics of crabs is required for assessment of the fishery. Maximum carapace length was 6.0 cm (4.38±0.04 cm) in Cardiosoma armatum and 7.0 cm (5.17±0.04 cm) in Callinectes pallidus. Mean body weights were 110.21±4.14 g and 126.27±4.01 g, respectively. All body proportions and counts except the right chelae diameter were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) in the two species. Heterochely was observed with both species. C. armatum showed a tendency towards left-handedness (53%) while C. pallidus was definitely right-handed (79%). Sexually dimorphic characters such as chelae diameter were higher in males of C. armatum than in males of C. pallidus. Conversely, body weight, chelae diameter and condition factor were significantly higher in males of C. pallidus. In the mixed population, length-weight relationships indicated positive allometric growth (b < 3) in C. armatum and a positive isometric growth pattern in C. pallidus (b=3).
Trappability of introduced and native rodents in different trap types in coastal forests of south-eastern Australia.

Trapping is an invaluable tool for estimating community composition and population size and structure of mammals. Bias in the relative contribution of species to a community and the age and sex structure of populations can occur where the traps used do not equally trap all species, sexes or cohorts. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of enclosed Elliott traps and open wire cage traps in trapping the invasive black rat, Rattus rattus, and the native rodent, Rattus fuscipes. Both trap types were suitable for trapping R. fuscipes and there was no apparent bias in capture of sex and age classes. In contrast, black rats were considerably more trappable in cage traps. Juveniles were more readily trapped in Elliott traps than adults, but were still considerably undersampled where only Elliott traps were used. These findings have important implications for sampling invasive rodents in Australian forests where Elliott traps are commonly used to census small mammals. Only using Elliott traps will underestimate density, distribution and impacts of R. rattus in native habitats. Cage traps or a combination of traps are recommended for reliably trapping black rats and obtaining representative data on presence, abundance and distribution.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI SURVIVAL RATES IN PORK MEAT

Summary Vashin, I. T. & T. T. Stoyanchev, 2011. Influence of temperature on Campylobacter jejuni survival rates in pork meat. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. , 14, No 1, 25 −30. The effect of low temperatures on С. jejuni in artificially contaminated pork meat was studied. It was established that the microorganisms did not grow in chilled or frozen meat, but were able to survive during the storage period. At 1–4°С campylobacteria could be detected up to the 25 th day, while at –18 to –20 °С: up to the 45 th day. During the process of storage, a large part of the campylobacteria were killed, and 89.5% of those that survived were sublethally damaged (stressed) and could not grow in or on selective nutrient media. The cultivation of samples in broth without a selective supplement at 37°С for 4 to 5 h allowed recovery of the sublethally damaged cells.
Effect of Leaf Rust on Yield Components of Winter Rye Hybrids and Assessment of Quantitative Resistance

Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis) is common in all winter rye growing areas, but little is known about its effect on yield in hybrid rye. Ten single crosses without any hypersensitive response to leaf rust were grown at three environments (Hohenheim, 1991 ; Halle, 1991 ; Hohenheim, 1992) in an inoculated and a non-inoculated, fungicide protected, treatment block. Resistance traits were mean leaf rust ratings of the upper three leaves (F-2, F-1, F) assessed with 10 arbitrarily chosen tillers per plot at four assessment dates, selected leaf rust rating on two leaves at one assessment date, and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Additionally, kernel number per head, grain weight per head and thousand kernel weight were assessed on the individual tillers in three environments and plot yield and thousand kernel weight of the thresheld plot samples in two environments. Correlations among AUDPC values and mean leaf rust ratings on the respective leaves and selected leaf rust rating were high (r 0.9, P = 0.01). Resistance among the upper three leaves was closely correlated (r 0.9, P = 0.01) for AUDPC value and mean leaf rust rating. Leaf rust epidemics significantly reduced grain weight per head, plot yield and thousand kernel weight in three environments ; kernel number per head was not significantly affected. Thousand kernel weight was reduced on average by 14% ranging from 11 to 27% among single crosses. Significant genotypic variation was observed for the affected yield components at Hohenheim 1991 and 1992. Genotype-year interaction variance was large in the combined analysis for yield components. Quantitative resistance can be assessed by visual rating of maximal two leaves at one optimal assessment date. Relative thousand kernel weight from thresheld plot samples can be used additionally as resistance trait when disease severity is high enough during kernel filling.
Are Top Executives Rewarded for Environmental Performance? The Role of the Board of Directors in the Context of China

ABSTRACT Based on institutional and agency theories, this study investigates whether firms use environmental performance as a criterion in incentive schemes for top executives in China, where the weakness of environmental regulations is criticized, and examines the potential moderating effects of board composition on the relationship between environmental performance and top executives’ compensation. Our analysis of 687 publicly traded firms in the manufacturing industry for the period 2008–2010 finds evidence of a positive association between environmental performance and top executives’ compensation. It shows that in firms with Chief Executive Officer–chairperson duality and larger boards, there is a tighter environmental performance–pay relationship, while top executives are found to be rewarded less for environmental performance in firms whose directors hold significant ownership. The presence of independent directors is not found to exert a significant influence on the environmental performance–pay relationship.
Andean bear home ranges in the Intag region, Ecuador

Abstract I estimated home ranges of 5 female and 4 male Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus) inhabiting the Intag region in Ecuador between September 2001 and December 2006, using 1,439 and 412 telemetry locations for females and males, respectively. Multi-annual and seasonal home ranges were estimated using 2 methods: minimum convex polygon (MCP) and nearest-neighbor convex hull (k-NNCH) analyses. I considered k-NNCH analysis the best method for estimating Andean bear home ranges in fragmented landscapes such as those across the study site. Annual home range of males (59 km2) were larger than those for females (15 km2) using the k-NNCH method. During the rainy season home ranges of males were 23 km2 versus 10 km2 for females, and in the dry season, 27 km2 versus 7 km2. All bears in this study showed some degree of home range overlap, indicating intra-specific tolerance. The mean annual k-NNCH home range of males overlapped home ranges of females by 32%, and among females, overlap was 22%. No evidence of territorial behavior was observed in this study.
Field Management of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in Common Bean through Fungicides and Bioagents

Common bean anthracnose is a major production constraint in bean growing regions of Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine whether foliar sprays of mancozeb, folpan and mancolaxyl or antagonistic bioagents; Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens could reduce anthracnose symptoms and consequently, increase yield and yield components. A total of seven treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among treatments. Anthracnose incidence, severity, infected pods per plant and the area under disease progress curve were highest in the control plots compared to the fungicide sprayed and bioagent treated seed plots. The highest percentage of infected pods per plant of 78.9 and 55.0 recorded on the control and mancozeb sprayed plots, respectively. The highest AUDPC value resulted in the lowest yield of 1.01 t/ha in the control plots compared to a highest yield of 3.3 t/ha from the sprayed plots with folpan and 1.8 t/ha from plots treated with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Relative yield losses of 69.7, 46.3 and 22.8% were recorded from the control, seed treated plots with P. fluorescens and sprayed plots with mancolaxyl, respectively. Economic analysis revealed that the highest rate of return of 8,740 was obtained from Pseudomonas fluorescens seed treatment and the highest net benefit value of 43,154 calculated on folpan foliar spray treatment. The results of the present study support the novel possibility of using folpan foliar spray and Pseudomonas fluorescens seed treatments to decrease anthracnose symptoms in common bean and consequently, achieve greater yield.
Local Factors Rather than the Landscape Context Explain Species Richness and Functional Trait Diversity and Responses of Plant Assemblages of Mediterranean Cereal Field Margins

Arable field margins are valuable habitats providing a wide range of ecosystem services in rural landscapes. Agricultural intensification in recent decades has been a major cause of decline in plant diversity in these habitats. However, the concomitant effects on plant functional diversity are less documented, particularly in Mediterranean areas. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of margin width and surrounding landscape (cover and diversity of land use and field size), used as proxies for management intensity at local and landscape scales, on plant species richness, functional diversity and functional trait values in margins of winter cereal fields in southern Spain. Five functional traits were selected: life form, growth form, seed mass, seed dispersal mode and pollination type. RLQ and fourth-corner analyses were used to link functional traits and landscape variables. A total of 306 plant species were recorded. Species richness and functional diversity were positively related to margin width but showed no response to landscape variables. Functional trait values were affected neither by the local nor landscape variables. Our results suggest that increasing the margin width of conventionally managed cereal fields would enhance both taxonomic and functional diversity of margin plant assemblages, and thus the services they provide to the agro-ecosystem.