Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cancer cervix: Epidemiology and disease burden

Cervical cancer remains a major public health problem, ranking as the fourth most common cause of cancer incidence and mortality in women worldwide. Wide variations in cervical cancer incidence and mortality were observed with highest incidence rates in Sub Saharan Africa and with 85% of deaths occurring in developing regions of the world. Non-existent or inadequate screening in public health care settings and limited access to the standard treatment options explains the large geographic variation in cervical cancer rates. Persistent infection with high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) types is the major risk factor for cervical cancer. High parity, long-term use of oral contraceptive pills, tobacco consumption, co-infection with other sexually transmitted agents, lifestyle factors such as multiple sexual partners, younger age at first sexual intercourse, immunosuppression, and diet have been identified as the co-factors most likely to influence the risk of acquisition of HPV infection and its further progress to cervical carcinogenesis. Differential screening rates and changes in epidemiological patterns have contributed to decreasing trends in cervical cancer in some developed regions of the world. Lower rates were also observed in North Africa and the Middle East, which may be attributed to cultural norms and conservative sexual behaviors. Across world regions, HPV prevalence was highest in women younger than 35 years of age, declining to a plateau in middle age and showed significant association between national age standardized incidence rates and corresponding estimates of HPV prevalence. The five most common HPV types in HPV-positive women worldwide were HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV58, and HPV52, representing 50% of all HPV infections with HPV-16 and HPV-18 infections accounting for about 70% of the total infection burden. Tracking changing trends in the cervical cancer epidemiological patterns including HPV genotypes will immensely contribute toward effective prevention and control measures for cervical cancer elimination.
Magnetic detection of tumors using nanoparticles

The aim of this thesis is to explore the technical possibilities to develop a technique to detect tumors based on the magnetic detection of magnetic nanoparticles, targeted at tumor tissues. The report describes the main principles from magnetism, nano-medicine, nanotechnology and magnetic sensors that underlay the proposed technique. The focus and uniqueness of the thesis lays on the behaviour of the MNP’s and how they can be manipulated in order to be measured. The experimental part of the thesis demonstrates the proof of principle of the detection and localisation of the MNP’s in a sample. No real tissues or biological materials are used for the experiment. Cancer is the highest cause of dead nowadays. The survival rates strongly depend on the detection phase at which the cancer is detected. Currently the most accurate medical imaging technique for the localisation of tumors is MRI. MRI equipment is quite expensive and therefore the MRI scans are reserved for specific medical indications. The development of cheaper, non-invasive imaging techniques has gained a lot of attention in the bio-medical sector. Cheaper imaging techniques are not only interesting for the developed countries, but specially for developing countries. I aim that further development of the of a scanning technique based on the proof of principle demonstrated in this report can provide a cheap technique for the detection and localisation of tumors. The technique can be made cheap because its main physical components are magnetic nanoparticles and magnets, both of which can be produced by cheap processes.The measurements done for the experiment have been done with an Ipad, which demonstrates that no high sophisticated measurement tools are required to build the proposed technique.
Justifying Social-Choice Mechanism Outcome for Improving Participant Satisfaction

In many social-choice mechanisms the resulting choice is not the most preferred one for some of the participants, thus the need for methods to justify the choice made in a way that improves the acceptance and satisfaction of said participants. One natural method for providing such explanations is to ask people to provide them, e.g., through crowdsourcing, and choosing the most convincing arguments among those received. In this paper we propose the use of an alternative approach, one that automatically generates explanations based on desirable mechanism features found in theoretical mechanism design literature. We test the effectiveness of both of the methods through a series of extensive experiments conducted with over 600 participants in ranked voting, a classic social choice mechanism. The analysis of the results reveals that explanations indeed affect both average satisfaction from and acceptance of the outcome in such settings. In particular, explanations are shown to have a positive effect on satisfaction and acceptance when the outcome (the winning candidate in our case) is the least desirable choice for the participant. A comparative analysis reveals that the automatically generated explanations result in similar levels of satisfaction from and acceptance of an outcome as with the more costly alternative of crowdsourced explanations, hence eliminating the need to keep humans in the loop. Furthermore, the automatically generated explanations significantly reduce participants’ belief that a different winner should have been elected compared to crowdsourced explanations.
APLIKASI PUPUK KANDANG KOTORAN SAPI PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frustescens L.) DI LAHAN RAWA LEBAK

Cayenne pepper beneficial for humans because it contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and minerals. Cow dung manure is a fertilizer that is derived from the cattle shed, either in the form of solid feces and urine mixed food scraps, manure cow manure composed of a mix of 0.5% N, 0.25% P, 0.5% K. The purpose of the study these are (1) study the response of the growth and yield of cayenne pepper on the application of cow dung manure in swampy wetlands, (2) determine the dose best cow dung manure on growth and yield of rawit chil cayenne pepper i in swampy wetlands. This research was conducted in the village of Teluk Sarikat Banjang District of Hulu Sungai Utara from May to August 2014, using a randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 groups. The treatment consisted of (p 0 ) 0 ton.ha -1 (p 1 ) 10 ton.ha -1 (p 2 ) 20 ton.ha -1 (p 3 ) 40 ton.ha -1 , (p 4 ) 40 ton.ha -1 , (p 5 ) 50 ton.ha -1 . The results showed that the application of cow dung manure real impact on the number of branches, number of pieces, weight of the fruit crop in the ground cayenne pepper in swampy wetlands. Dose best cow dung manure in this study was 20 ton.ha -1 is equivalent to 80 g.polybag -1 (p 2 ).
The Augmented Bank Balance-Sheet Channel of Monetary Policy

This paper studies how banks’ balance sheets and funding costs interact in the transmission of monetary-policy rates to banks’ credit supply to firms. To do so, we use creditregistry data from Germany and Portugal together with the European Central Bank’s policy-rate cuts in mid-2014. The pass-through of the rate cuts to banks’ funding costs differs across the euro-area currency union because deposit rates vary in their distance to the zero lower bound (ZLB). When the distance is shorter, banks’ financing constraints matter less for the supply of credit and there is more risk taking. To rationalize these findings, we provide a simple model of an augmented bank balance-sheet channel where in addition to costly external financing, there is screening of borrowers and a ZLB on retail deposit rates. An impaired pass-through of monetary policy to banks’ funding costs reduces their ability to lever up and weakens their lending standards.
Diet composition and food supply of the Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina in the core area of its breeding range

ABSTRACT Capsule Small rodents and amphibians are both important prey items for the Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina, and their proportions in the diet depend on their local availability, as well as the degree of involvement of the female in food provisioning to the nestlings, which increases towards the end of the breeding season. Aims To describe the diet composition and aspects of the food supply of the Lesser Spotted Eagle during the nesting period. Methods Cameras were installed at five nests of three pairs of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in eastern Latvia, to collect data on food items brought to the nests. Results Of 3109 identified prey items, small rodents (43.36%) and amphibians (44.81%) were the most important prey groups. The proportion of common (small rodents and amphibians) and uncommon (moles, birds and others) food items differed between nests and years. Among the common food items, the deficiency of small rodents in some years was compensated for by an increase in frogs and vice versa. Male eagles brought 66% of all food items to the nest. Females brought more amphibians and fewer rodents than did males. After hatching, the mean number of food items delivered to the nest was 6.9 per day. The main activity period of food delivery was between the 3rd to 7th hour after sunrise. Conclusion The alternative prey hypothesis explains the diet of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in our study area. Rodents and amphibians are food items of equal importance that can replace each other, depending on their availability. The increasing share of amphibians towards the end of the breeding season was mainly a result of an increasing proportion of prey items brought into the nest by females.
Assessment of awareness of dental implants among NSS volunteers of Bhubaneswar city

Loss of teeth affects both an individual's appearance and functioning, with a negative impact on psychological and social wellbeing. Implant-supported prosthesis has proven advantages like increased masticatory efficiency, maintenance of the bone, improved function, phonetics, aesthetics, etc. There is a variation in the level of awareness about dental implant treatment among people. As NSS volunteers are mostly involved in creating awareness about several aspects among the population, there is a requirement of assessment of their knowledge about dental implants to improve the efforts to be taken to upgrade their awareness about the same. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of dental implants among NSS volunteers of Bhubaneswar city, Odisha State, India using a questionnaire survey. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1500 NSS volunteers of Bhubaneswar city, Odisha State, India through a printed questionnaire comprising of 12 close-ended questions to evaluatethe awareness of dental implant treatment between Dec-Jan 2019-20.Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23 software. Among 1500 subjects, a total of 587(39.1%) population was aware of dental implant treatment, 1270 (84.7%) believed that high cost and lack of knowledge was a limitation for implant treatment, 1189 (79.3%) felt that dental implants had better longevity.
Mechanical Behavior of Materials – Second edition W. F. Hosford Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, UK. 2010. 419pp. £55. ISBN 978-0-521-19569-0.

A fairly detailed chapter by chapter review of the first edition (prepared by the current reviewer) appeared in The Aeronautical Journal November 2005 (pages 590-591). Interested parties may care to read this earlier review as a prelude to what is written here. The principal difference between first and second editions may be summarised as follows: The treatment of defects is new, as is the analysis of particulate composites. Slip systems and the effect of textures on crystallographic microstructures, discontinuous/inhomogeneous deformation, also the treatment of foams, are new topics considered in revised or additional chapters. With the exception of Mechanical Testing (Chapter 3) and Mechanical Working (Chapter 22) (both pitched at technician level) the text is highly theoretical and in places quite advanced. Hence the author’s call for readers to have what he calls “a basic knowledge of Materials Science and three-dimensional strength calculations”. A self-evident truth is that there is far more to learn than can be taught in a single course and this leads the author to suggest that “various chapters or portions of chapters may be omitted”. The author skims rapidly through the essentials of three-dimensional Stress, Strain, Elasticity, Mechanical Testing and Strain Hardening (in Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4) then on to Plasticity Theory (Chapter 5). These sections can clearly be taught as a standalone unit to those not up to ‘speed’. But readers needing to learn fully about materials testing will find Chapter 3 limited in scope to purely mechanical items and issues. Load cells and extensometers are mentioned en passant, but no useful information is given on other electro/magnetic or optical devices. There is, however, much else to read on other topics which is at the highest level. To pick but one example from Plasticity Theory (Chapter 5). The author emphasises the importance of understanding the relationship between flow, effective strain, effective stress (three-dimensional effects) and their use in conjunction with yield criteria. The author’s method is based on the Von Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines
EXPLOITATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE IN HUNTON FORMATION, OKLAHOMA

The West Carney Field in Lincoln County, Oklahoma is one of few newly discovered oil fields in Oklahoma. Although profitable, the field exhibits several unusual characteristics. These include decreasing water-oil ratios, decreasing gas-oil ratios, decreasing bottomhole pressures during shut-ins in some wells, and transient behavior for water production in many wells. This report explains the unusual characteristics of West Carney Field based on detailed geological and engineering analyses. We propose a geological history that explains the presence of mobile water and oil in the reservoir. The combination of matrix and fractures in the reservoir explains the reservoir's flow behavior. We confirm our hypothesis by matching observed performance with a simulated model and develop procedures for correlating core data to log data so that the analysis can be extended to other, similar fields where the core coverage may be limited.
he large COMPASS polarized solid ammonia target for Drell–Yan easurements with a pion beam

The transversely polarized target (PT) of the COMPASS (NA58) collaboration at CERN has been used for Drell– Yan measurements in 2015 and 2018. The transverse spin structure of the proton has been studied using a negative pion beam and a solid ammonia target. Employing the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method, proton polarization values of more than 80% have been routinely achieved after one day, at a homogeneous magnetic field of 2.5 T and using a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator. During the data-taking the target operates in a transversely oriented magnetic dipole field at 0.6 T. This so-called frozen spin operation mode without the DNP pumping process leads to a slow depolarization of the target material, which is further accelerated by the heat input of the pion beam, produced secondary particles and radiation damage effects to the target material. Ammonia has the highest resistance against radiation-induced depolarization among known solid target materials. The proton polarization has been measured by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Relaxation times of about 1100 h have been observed for the proton polarization resulting in an average polarization between 68% and 76% during about two weeks long data-taking periods. To achieve a systematic uncertainty of the polarization ΔP∕P as low as 3.2% and a statistical one of less than 1.8% two large target cells with appropriate positioning of the NMR-coils have been built.
Guidelines for the validation and use of claw health data

1CONAFE, ctra. Andalucía, Km 23,600, 28340 Valdemoro, Spain 2Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland 3University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Clinic for Ruminants, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria 4Valacta, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3R4, Canada 5CRV, Wassenaarweg 20, 6843 NW, Arnhem, The Netherlands 6ZuchtData EDV-Dienstleistungen GmbH, Dresdner Straße 89/19, A-1200 Vienna, Austria 7Association of Certified Claw Trimmers, Munich, Germany 8Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway 9GD Animal Health, The Netherlands 10Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada 11Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany 12SEGES P/S, Denmark 13FABA, co-op, PL 40, 01301 Vantaa, Finland 14TINE, SA. Lakkegata 23, 0187 OSLO, Norway 15IT Solutions for Animal Production (vit w.V.), Verden, Germany 16Institut de l’Élevage, France
BEHAVE: Dataset and Method for Tracking Human Object Interactions

Modelling interactions between humans and objects in natural environments is central to many applications including gaming, virtual and mixed reality, as well as human behavior analysis and human-robot collaboration. This challenging operation scenario requires generalization to vast number of objects, scenes, and human actions. Unfortunately, there exist no such dataset. Moreover, this data needs to be acquired in diverse natural environments, which rules out 4D scanners and marker based capture systems. We present BEHAVE dataset, the first full body human-object interaction dataset with multi-view RGBD frames and corresponding 3D SMPL and object fits along with the annotated contacts between them. We record ~15k frames at 5 locations with 8 subjects performing a wide range of interactions with 20 common objects. We use this data to learn a model that can jointly track humans and objects in natural environments with an easy-to-use portable multi-camera setup. Our key insight is to predict correspondences from the human and the object to a statistical body model to obtain human-object contacts during interactions. Our approach can record and track not just the humans and objects but also their interactions, modeled as surface contacts, in 3D. Our code and data can be found at: http://virtualhumans.mpi-inf.mpg. de/behave.
Your Pain, My Gain?

We derive a novel estimation approach to quantify three-party relocation effects in a dyadic framework. Applied to the effects of civil conflicts on trade, we find robust evidence that importers substitute away from exporters that are engaged in conflict. This trade relocation persists after the resolution of a conflict. As a potential explanation for the longevity of this effect, we provide evidence that trade relocation increases the likelihood of the two countries signing a Preferential Trade Agreement, which persistently decreases their bilateral trade costs. A heterogeneity analysis suggests that trade relocation does not occur in the fuels sector, and that highly integrated supply chains are less likely to relocate. We derive our estimation approach from the structural gravity model of international trade, translating the triadic relationship between a conflict country and an exporter-importer pair into an estimable dyadic relationship. Our estimation approach can be adapted to either cover alternative unilateral shocks, e.g. natural disasters, or to analyze other bilateral dependent variables, e.g. migration or FDI flows.
Translation of Array-based Loop Programs to Optimized SQL-based Distributed Programs

Many data analysis programs are often expressed in terms of array operations in sequential loops. However, these programs do not scale very well to large amounts of data that cannot fit in the memory of a single computer and they have to be rewritten to work on Big Data analysis platforms, such as Map-Reduce and Spark. We present a novel framework, called SQLgen, that automatically translates sequential loops on arrays to distributed data-parallel programs, specifically Spark SQL programs. We further extend this framework by introducing OSQLgen, which automatically parallelizes array-based loop programs to distributed data-parallel programs on block arrays. At first, our framework translates the sequential loops on arrays to monoid comprehensions and then to Spark SQL. For SQLgen, the SQL is over coordinate arrays while for OSQLgen, it is over block arrays. As block arrays are more compact than coordinate arrays, computations on block matrices are significantly faster than on arrays in the coordinate format. Since not all array-based loops can be translated to SQL on block arrays, we focus on certain patterns of loops that match an algebraic structure known as a semiring. Many linear algebra operations, such as matrix multiplication required in many machine learning algorithms, as well as many graph programs that are equivalent to a semiring can be translated to distributed data-parallel programs on block arrays using OSQLgen, thus giving us a substantial performance gain. Finally, to evaluate our framework, we compare the performance of OSQLgen with GraphX, GraphFrames, MLlib, and hand-written Spark SQL programs on coordinate and block arrays on various real-world problems. TYPE OF PAPER AND
Gaia Data Release 2

The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) contains, beyond the astrometry, three-band photometry for 1.38 billion sources. One band is the G band, the other two were obtained by integrating the Gaia prism spectra (BP and RP). We have used these three broad photometric bands to infer stellar effective temperatures, Teff, for all sources brighter than G = 17 mag with Teff in the range 3000–10 000 K (some 161 million sources). Using in addition the parallaxes, we infer the line-of-sight extinction, AG, and the reddening, E(BP − RP), for 88 million sources. Together with a bolometric correction we derive luminosity and radius for 77 million sources. These quantities as well as their estimated uncertainties are part of Gaia DR2. Here we describe the procedures by which these quantities were obtained, including the underlying assumptions, comparison with literature estimates, and the limitations of our results. Typical accuracies are of order 324 K (Teff), 0.46 mag (AG), 0.23 mag (E(BP − RP)), 15% (luminosity), and 10% (radius). Being based on only a small number of observable quantities and limited training data, our results are necessarily subject to some extreme assumptions that can lead to strong systematics in some cases (not included in the aforementioned accuracy estimates). One aspect is the non-negativity contraint of our estimates, in particular extinction, which we discuss. Yet in several regions of parameter space our results show very good performance, for example for red clump stars and solar analogues. Large uncertainties render the extinctions less useful at the individual star level, but they show good performance for ensemble estimates. We identify regimes in which our parameters should and should not be used and we define a “clean” sample. Despite the limitations, this is the largest catalogue of uniformly-inferred stellar parameters to date. More precise and detailed astrophysical parameters based on the full BP/RP spectrophotometry are planned as part of the third Gaia data release.