Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Evidence on the Determinants of Organisational Ethical Vulnerability

This paper proposes a model to explain what makes organisations ethically vulnerable. Drawing upon legitimacy, institutional, agency and individual moral reasoning theories we consider three sets of explanatory factors and examine their association with organisational ethical vulnerability. The three sets comprise external institutional context, internal corporate governance mechanisms and organisational ethical infrastructure. We combine these three sets of factors and develop an analytical framework for classifying ethical issues and propose a new model of organisational ethical vulnerability. We test our model on a sample of 253 firms that were involved in ethical misconduct and compare them with a matched sample of the same number of firms from 28 different countries. The results suggest that weak regulatory environment and internal corporate governance combined with profitability warnings or losses in the preceding year increase organisational ethical vulnerability. We find counterintuitive evidence suggesting that firms’ involvement in bribery and corruption prevention training programmes is positively associated with the likelihood of ethical vulnerability. By synthesising insights about individual and corporate behaviour from multiple theories, this study extends existing analytical literature on business ethics. Our findings have implications for firms’ external regulatory settings, corporate governance mechanisms and organisational ethical infrastructure.
PARTICIPATION IN JOB-RELATED LIFELONG LEARNING AMONG WELL- EDUCATED EMPLOYEES IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES

All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Participation in job-related lifelong learning among well-educated employees in the Nordic countries Tikkanen, Tarja; Nissinen, Kari
Effectiveness of a regional prepregnancy care program in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Benefits beyond glycemic control

A large number of studies have demonstrated that prepregnancy care for women with preconceptional diabetes improves glycemic control and reduces adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, only 2 regional centers, both nearly 20 years ago, have described the benefits of implementing prepregnancy care programs. A large study in the United Kingdom reported that relatively few maternity units provided prepregnancy care clinics for women with diabetes and that only 10% of diabetic women attended such clinics. In the absence of prepregnancy care, a majority of women with type 1 and 2 diabetes are at increased risk of potentially preventable poor pregnancy outcomes. This prospective cohort study investigated the implementation and effectiveness of a regional prepregnancy care program on pregnancy preparation, glycemic control, and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes at 10 regional maternity units. The study population comprised 680 pregnancies of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Primary outcomes examined included adverse pregnancy outcome (miscarriage, congenital fetal malformation, stillbirth, neonatal death) and indicators of pregnancy preparation (folic acid supplementation, and glycemic control [HgbA1c]). A historical cohort of 613 pregnancies from the same units during 1999–2004 served as the control. Overall, 27% (181/680) of the women with diabetes attended prepregnancy care and 73% did not. On comparison with the controls, women who attended prepregnancy care presented earlier (6.7 vs. 7.7 weeks; P 0.0001), were more likely to use 5 mg preconception folic acid (88.2% vs. 26.7%; P 0.0001), achieved lower HgbA1c levels (6.9% vs. 7.6%; P 0.0001), and were less likely to conceive while on potentially harmful ACE inhibitors (1.1% vs. 4.6%; P 0.05) and/or statins (0% vs. 7.6%; P 0.0003). Overall, attendees had fewer adverse pregnancy outcomes (1.3% vs. 7.8%; P 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors of adverse outcome were glycemic control at booking (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.85; P 0.001 per 1% HgbA1c increase) and lack of prepregnancy care (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.89; P 0.03). Neither maternal age, parity, obesity, ethnicity nor socioeconomic deprivation was independent predictors of adverse outcome. Notable differences in pregnancy outcomes during 2006–2009 Medical Complications of Pregnancy 189
Drivers of Avian Diversity and Abundance Across Gradients of Human In�uence.

19 Context: Identifying factors driving patterns of species communities in heterogenous human- 20 dominated landscapes remains elusive despite extensive research. Biodiversity is thought to 21 decrease with habitat modification, as sensitive species are lost. Conversely, diversity has also 22 been shown increase at moderate levels of landscape modification where greater habitat 23 heterogeneity supports a diverse suite of species. 24 Objectives: We explore patterns of avian and diversity and abundance in heterogenous 25 landscapes using a novel integration of multiple dimensional gradients of human-mediated 26 disturbance. 27 Methods: We attempt to identify aspects of landscape heterogeneity driving patterns of avian 28 diversity and abundance in agro-urban-rural systems. Specifically, we utilize an intuitive multi- 29 dimensional gradient distinguishing between two axes of human-influence, variation in the built 30 environment (hard - soft) and in agricultural development (green - brown). We use these as 31 covariates in community N-mixture models to describe variation in species abundance and 32 diversity. 33 Results: Avian diversity was greatest in more heterogeneous regions of the landscape. Responses 34 of individual species were variable, with sensitive species declining, while generalist species 35 increased, leading to higher overall diversity in human-dominated regions. 36 Conclusions: Species abundance and diversity is maximized in more heterogeneous parts of 37 landscape mosaics. By characterizing distinct axes of human influence that capture spectrum of land use, we can identify differential effects confounded in traditional landscape metrics. Critically, we demonstrate that multi-dimensional landscape gradients provide a more nuanced understanding of how patterns of biodiversity emerge. Acknowledging that biodiversity is not
Metrics : a Systematic Survey

The goal of privacy metrics is to measure the degree of privacy enjoyed by users in a system and the amount of protection offered by privacy-enhancing technologies. In this way, privacy metrics contribute to improving user privacy in the digital world. The diversity and complexity of privacy metrics in the literature makes an informed choice of metrics challenging. As a result, instead of using existing metrics, new metrics are proposed frequently, and privacy studies are often incomparable. In this survey we alleviate these problems by structuring the landscape of privacy metrics. To this end, we explain and discuss a selection of over eighty privacy metrics and introduce categorizations based on the aspect of privacy they measure, their required inputs, and the type of data that needs protection. In addition, we present a method on how to choose privacy metrics based on nine questions that help identify the right privacy metrics for a given scenario, and highlight topics where additional work on privacy metrics is needed. Our survey spans multiple privacy domains and can be understood as a general framework for privacy measurement.
The new Korea : an inside look at South Korea's economic rise

CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 PART ONE: HISTORY 1 Still Living in the Past: Why History Matters 8 2 North Korea: A Distorted Mirror 23 PART TWO: ECONOMICS AND TRADE 3 The IMF Crisis and Its Impact on South Korea 46 4 The Middle Nation: How Korea Navigates Between Japan and China 63 5 So Long, Uncle Sam: The Korean-U.S. Relationship 79 PART THREE: INDUSTRIES 6 Korea in the Driver's Seat: A Short History of the Korean Car 100 7 Samsung Eternal: From Rice Trading to $174 Billion in Sales 118 8 LG's Rebirth: Lak Hui Learns to Create Its Own Luck 132 9 Technology Nirvana: Korea's Wired and Wireless Leadership 148 10 The Korean Wave: Ebbing or Flowing? 163 PART FOUR: SOCIETY 11 The Culture of Business: What It's Like to Work and Play in Korea 176 12 Teeing Off: Korea's Obsession with Golf 193 13 From Homogeneity to Multiculturalism: The World Comes to Korea 209 14 A Changing Society: Shifting Roles in Modern Korea 224 PART FIVE: THE FUTURE 15 Whither the North? Four Scenarios for the Future of North Korea 242 16 Toward Korea 3.0: Challenges and Opportunities for the Next Forty Years 257 Index 273
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2015: Part 3

Our journal covers a broad range of research and scholarly topics related to children's respiratory disorders. For updated perspectives on the rapidly expanding knowledge in our field, we will summarize the past year's publications in our major topic areas, as well as selected publications in these areas from the core clinical journal literature outside our own pages. The current review (Part 3) covers articles on asthma, diagnostic testing/endoscopy, respiratory complications of neuromuscular disorders, and rare lung diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:747–753. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing the Undesirables: Refugee Camps and Humanitarian Government

List of acronyms Introduction: From Vulnerable to Undesirable Part One: A World of Undesirables, a System of Camps Chapter 1. Refugees, Displaced, Expelled: the Itinerary of the Stateless Chapter 2. Refugee Camps Today. An Attempted Inventory Part Two: Everyday Life in the Twenty-First Century's Refugee Camps Chapter 3. An Ethnologist in the Refugee Camps Chapter 4. The Interminable Insomnia of Exile. The Camp as an Ordinary Exceptionalism Chapter 5. Experiences of Wandering, Borders and Camps: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea Chapter 6. Surviving, Reviving, Leaving, Remaining. The Long Life of Angolan Refugees in Zambia Chapter 7. The Camp-Towns. Somalia in Kenya Chapter 8. In the Name of the Refugees. Political Representation and Action in the Camps Chapter 9. Who Will Speak Out in the Camp? A Study of Refugees' Testimony Part Three: After the Camps Chapter 10. If this is a town Chapter 11. If this is a world Chapter 12. If this is a government Conclusion Bibliography
The Determinants of International Investment and Attention Allocation : Using internet search query data

Few studies have successfully examined the empirical impact of limited information processing on real economic variables. The challenge relies, of course, on the di¢ culty of measuring an economic agents degree of attention/inattention paid to di¤erent types of information. This paper overcomes such challenge exploring a unique dataset containing the search/click-throughbehavior of internet search engine users. We analyzes the e¤ect of attention allocation on international investment decisions by combining U.S. data on portfolio holdings of foreign securities with the attention allocated by 657,426 America Online customers in search queries towards these countries. We nd evidence that: (i) agents tend to search more information about countries where they hold more assets, and (ii) agents tend to invest more in countries where they process more information.
Patient-specific generation of the Purkinje network driven by clinical measurements

The propagation of the electrical signal in the Purkinje network is the starting point for the activation of the muscular cells leading to the contraction of the heart. In the computational models describing the electrical activity of the ventricle is therefore important to account for the Purkinje fibers. Until now, the inclusion of such fibers has been obtained by using surrogates such as space-dependent conduction properties or by generating a network based only on an a priori anatomical knowledge. Aim of this work was to propose a new method for the generation of the Purkinje network by using clinical measures of the activation times on the endocardium allowing to generate a patient-specific network. To assess the accuracy of the proposed method we compared its accuracy with that of other strategies proposed so far in the literature for three cases with a normal electrical propagation. The results showed that with the proposed method we were able to reduce the errors by at least 25% with respect to the best of the other strategies. This highlighted the reliability of the proposed method and the importance of including a patientspecific Purkinje network in computational models.
Damage-free laser ablation for emitter patterning of silicon heterojunction interdigitated back-contact solar cells

— We present a novel process scheme for a-Si:H patterning using damage-free laser ablation, resulting in a simple, fast, and photolithography-free emitter patterning of silicon heterojunction interdigitated back-contact (SHJ-IBC) solar cells. An a-Si:H laser-absorbing layer and a stack of sacrificial dielectric layers are deposited on top of a-Si:H/c-Si heterocontact to prevent laser damage. Laser ablation only removes the top a- Si:H layer, which limits laser damage to the surface of dielectric layers. These dielectric layers form a distributed Bragg reflector with a high reflectance of 80% at the laser wavelength which results in additional protection of the bottom a-Si:H/c-Si heterocontact. The significant reduction of laser damage is confirmed by atomic-force microscopy and photo-luminescence measurements. Such damage-free laser ablation process was successfully incorporated in a SHJ-IBC process flow and a best efficiency of 21.8% was achieved.
Experimental Demonstration of 84 Gb/s PAM-4 Over up to 1.6 km SSMF Using a 20-GHz VCSEL at 1525 nm

We demonstrate 84-Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) over up to 1.6-km standard single mode fiber using a 20-GHz single mode short cavity vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode at a transmission wavelength of 1525 nm. Different equalizer approaches including a common feedforward equalizer, a nonlinear Volterra equalizer (NLVE), a maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) and their combinations are evaluated working either as an equalizer for a standard PAM-4 or a partial response PAM-4 signal with seven levels. It is demonstrated that a standard FFE is not enough for a transmission distance of >0.6 km, while the use of an NLVE or FFE + MLSE is able to improve the transmission distance towards 1 km. The use of partial-response PAM-4 FFE in combination with a short memory MLSE is able to efficiently equalize the bandwidth limitations, showing more than 10-times BER improvement compared to standard NLVE or FFE + MLSE at a transmission distance of 1.6 km. Using a partial-response NLVE instead of an PR-FFE further performance improvement is achieved, resulting in BERs below the KP4 FEC-threshold with a BER-limit of 2E-4 after 1.6-km transmission distance, allowing error free operation.
Do Gender Differences in Elite Cycling Performance Persist?

In this paper we analyse differences in past, present, and expected future gender differences in speed track cycling performance. First, we model limits in world records of track cycling events and the one hour record using the four parameter Gompertz curve. Next, we estimate the so-called fatigue rate and calculate gender average speed differences. We confirm earlier findings on the average fatigue rate (about 1.1) and find a persistent average gender gap in average speed of about 12.6%. Both the fatigue rate and the gender difference are found to be larger for anaerobic events.
All the Single Ladies: Job Promotions and the Durability of Marriage

We investigate how promotions to top jobs affect the probability of divorce. In the first half of the paper we compare the relationship trajectories of winning and losing candidates for mayor and parliamentarian. Promotions double the baseline probability of divorce for women, but not for men. The second half of the paper uncovers a possible explanation for this finding by comparing the characteristics of couples that divorce and those that do not. Divorces are concentrated in couples that adhered to traditional gender roles in the early phase of the relationship, while women in more gender-equal couples are unaffected. * Financial support from the Swedish Research Council and the Torsten Söderberg Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Pamela Campa, Hilary Hoynes, Petra Persson, Cecilia Josefsson, Pär Zetterberg, Sara Cools, Lena Edlund, Hilda Ralsmark, Mari Rege, and seminar participants at Berkeley OEW Seminar, Berkeley RWAP, Columbia University Political Economy Seminar, the HEC political economy conference, Harvard University political economy workshop, Harvard University gender and politics workshop, International Political Science Association, NICEP Inaugural Conference, Oxford University, the Swedish National Conference for Economists, Stanford University, Stockholm University IIES, Stockholm University SOFI, UCLS annual workshop, Uppsala University Political Science Department, the Uppsala Conference on Gender Economics of Labor Markets, and the Linkoping Institute for Advanced Sociology for helpful comments. We also thank Jonas Ahlerup, Johan Arntyr, Sirus Dehdari, Roza Khoban, and Elin Molin for excellent research assistance and Kelley Friel for excellent editorial assistance.  Uppsala University, Department of Government and UCLS; olle.folke@statsvet.uu. se  SOFI, Stockholm University and IFN; johanna.rickne@sofi.su. se
THE RELATION BETWEEN WATER MIGRATION AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN A FOREST ECOSYSTEM

The hydrochemistry of the Tsukuba experimental forest (67.5 ha) has been monitored since 1984, including rainfall, throughfall, stem- flow, soilwater, groundwater and streamwater. The cycled amounts of the essential elements available for forest growth are approximately ten times as high as the rainwater input and streamwater output. The element cycle within the forest ecosystem results firstly in an alteration of the element content of the soil, and secondly, in the creation of a soilwater chemistry unique to the forest ecosystem. In particular, essential elements such as ni­ trogen and potassium exhibit higher concentrations in surface soilwater than in deeper soilwater and groundwater. Consequently the near-surface soilwater runoff results in an increase in stream solute concentrations with increasing flow rate during the summer.
PIT a Practical Mutation Testing Tool for Java

Mutation testing introduces artificial defects to measure the adequacy of testing. In case candidate tests can distinguish the behaviour of mutants from that of the original program, they are considered of good quality – otherwise developers need to design new tests. While, this method has been shown to be effective, industry-scale code challenges its applicability due to the sheer number of mutants and test executions it requires. In this paper we present PIT, a practical mutation testing tool for Java, applicable on real-world codebases. PIT is fast since it operates on bytecode and optimises mutant executions. It is also robust and well integrated with development tools, as it can be invoked through a command line interface, Ant or Maven. PIT is also open source and hence, publicly available at http://pitest.org/ CCS Concepts •Software and its engineering → Software testing and debugging;
Islet Gene View - a tool to facilitate islet research

Changes in the hormone-producing pancreatic islets are central culprits in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. Characterization of gene expression in islets how it is altered in T2D are therefore vital in understanding islet function and T2D pathogenesis. We leveraged RNA-sequencing and genome-wide genotyping in islets from 188 donors to create the Islet Gene View (IGW) platform to make this information easily accessible to the scientific community. The IGW combines expression data for a given gene with phenotypical data such as T2D status, BMI, HbA1c, insulin secretion, purity of islets, etc.), regulation of gene expression by genetic variants e.g., expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and relationship with expression of islet hormones. In IGW, 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in T2D donors islets compared to controls. Forty percent of the DEGs showed cell-type enrichment and a large proportion of them were significantly co-expressed with islet hormone-encoding genes like glucagon (GCG, 56%), amylin (IAPP, 52%), insulin (INS, 44%) and somatostatin (SST, 24%). Inhibition of two DEGs, UNC5D and SERPINE2 impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impacted cell survival in a human beta-cell model. Significance Statement We present Islet Gene View (IGW), a web resource facilitating information on gene expression in human pancreatic islets from organ donors easily accessible to the scientific community. In IGW, we explored RNA expression from 188 donor-islets and examined their relationship with islet phenotypes including insulin secretion and expression of genes encoding islet hormones. GWAS have shown 403 genetic variants associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, however, the target genes and function of these variants in islets are largely unknown. By linking T2D risk variants to expression in islets from T2D and non-diabetic donors as well as islet phenotypes, use of IGW provided new insight into mechanisms by which variants in these loci may increase risk of T2D.
Essays on the interaction between migration and sending communities : evidence from China and Vietnam

This dissertation is comprised of three chapters on the interaction between migrants and their source regions applied to China and Vietnam. The first chapter examines whether remittances are related to receivers’ trust and trustworthiness in Vietnam. Using a combination of a field experiment conducted in 2010 and the “2002 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey”, the chapter finds that while internal remittances have no significant relationship to trusting behavior, international remittances demonstrate a significantly positive connection. On the other hand, international remittances are negatively related to trustworthiness, while internal remittances are positively associated. Besides, this study finds that the level of trustworthiness is higher in the south than in the north. The second chapter explores the role of children by age and by gender as a motive for return migration in China by using a rural household survey conducted in Wuwei County (Anhui province) in 2008. Resorting to a discrete time proportional hazard model and a binary Probit model to estimate respectively the determinants of migration duration for both on-going migrants and return migrants, and the return intentions of on-going migrants, the chapter finds consistent results regarding the role of left-behind children as a significant motive for return. The last chapter examines the impact of the migration experience on individuals’ choice of being self-employed upon their return to their home villages. By using the same data of Wuwei survey, the chapter finds that return migrants are more likely to be self-employed than non-migrants, and that both return savings and the frequency of job changes during migration increase the likelihood for return migrants to become self-employed.