Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Cost and Health: The Downside of Social Relationships and Social Networks

The research tradition on social relationships, social networks, and health dates back to the beginning of sociology. As exemplified in the classic work of Durkheim, Simmel, and Tönnies, social relationships and social networks play a double-edged—protective and detrimental—role for health. However, this double-edged role has been given unbalanced attention. In comparison to the salubrious role, the deleterious role has received less scrutiny and needs a focused review and conceptual integration. This article selectively reviews the post-2000 studies that demonstrate the harmful physical and mental health consequences of social relationships (intimate relationships and parenthood) and social networks. It uses a parsimonious three-category typology—structural forms, structural composition, and contents—to categorize relationship and network properties and proposes the social cost model, in contrast to the social resource model, to synthesize and integrate the adverse aspects of these properties. It concludes with future research directions.
Very early mobilization in the stroke unit: Functionality, quality of life and disability at 90 days and 1 year post-stroke.

BACKGROUND The evidence of early mobilization after stroke is conflicting, and the recovery period is an important concern. OBJECTIVE To analyse the functionality, quality of life and disability at 90 days and 1 year post-stroke of patients who received a Very Early Mobilization Protocol (VEMP). METHODS Prospective cohort study in a tertiary stroke unit. Consecutive patients aged≥18 years and without prior significant disability, who presented motor deficit after acute stroke, were included. A symmetry test was performed to compare the changes in the main variables: Barthel Index (BI), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and EuroQol five-dimensions three-level (EQ-5D-3L) between 90 days and 1 year post-stroke. RESULTS A total of 123 patients were recruited. The BI reflected an improvement at 1 year in transfer to chair/bed in 25.8%(p < 0.01) of patients and in toilet use in 25.8%(p = 0.02). The FAC showed an improvement at 1 year in 44.4%(p < 0.01) of patients and the mRS in 19.1%(p = 0.01). The usual activities dimension of the EQ-5D-3L showed a clinically relevant improvement after 1 year in 15.9%(p = 0.23) of patients. CONCLUSIONS A significant percentage of patients show improvements in some functional areas and in disability between 90 days and 1 year post-stroke.
Red reflex test screening for neonates: A systematic review and meta analysis

Red reflex test (RRT) screening is yet to be a part of the neonate's normal examination before discharge from hospital in a majority of low- and middle-income countries. The purpose was this review was to systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of RRT for the detection of ocular abnormalities in newborns. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews were the data sources. Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was utilized for quality assessment of bias and applicability. Random effects models were used to summarize sensitivities, specificities, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and respective confidence intervals (CI). The pooled sensitivity, calculated from the meta analysis of 11 studies, was 23% (95% CI: 21–24%) and pooled specificity was 98% (95% CI: 98–98%). The PLR was 32.52 (95% CI: 7.89–134.15), NLR was less than 1 (0.69 [95% CI: 0.55–0.88]), and DOR calculated was 138.48 (95% CI: 23.85–803.97). The area under the curve (AUC) and Q* index for RRT were 0.98 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.045, respectively. The results of our study justify the conclusion that RRT is a highly sensitive and specific test for the detection of anterior segment abnormalities.
Binge Drinking Relates to Worse Neurocognitive Functioning Among Adults Aging with HIV

Abstract Objective: Given the aging population of people with HIV (PWH), along with increasing rates of binge drinking among both PWH and the general older adult population, this study examined the independent and interactive effects of HIV, binge drinking, and age on neurocognition. Method: Participants were 146 drinkers stratified by HIV and binge drinking status (i.e., ≥4 drinks for women and ≥5 drinks for men within approximately 2 h): HIV+/Binge+ (n = 30), HIV−/Binge+ (n = 23), HIV+/Binge− (n = 55), HIV−/Binge− (n = 38). All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery measuring demographically-corrected global and domain-specific neurocognitive T scores. ANCOVA models examined independent and interactive effects of HIV and binge drinking on neurocognitive outcomes, adjusting for overall alcohol consumption, lifetime substance use, sex, and age. Subsequent multiple linear regressions examined whether HIV/Binge group moderated the relationship between age and neurocognition. Results: HIV+/Binge+ participants had worse global neurocognition, processing speed, delayed recall, and working memory than HIV−/Binge− participants (p’s < .05). While there were significant main effects of HIV and binge drinking, their interaction did not predict any of those neurocognitive outcomes (p’s > .05). Significant interactions between age and HIV/Binge group showed that HIV+/Binge+ participants demonstrated steeper negative relationships between age and neurocognitive outcomes of learning, delayed recall, and motor skills compared to HIV−/Binge− participants (p’s < .05). Conclusions: Results showed adverse additive effects of HIV and binge drinking on neurocognitive functioning, with older adults demonstrating the most vulnerability to these effects. Findings support the need for interventions to reduce binge drinking, especially among older PWH.
Dendrobine suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through upregulating microRNA miR-381-3p to decrease caspase-4

ABSTRACT Dendrobine has been reported to reduce blood lipid levels and apoptosis. The present study was designed to observe the effect of dendrobine in a model of ERS using vascular endothelial cells and to reveal the biological mechanisms and pathways responsible for the therapeutic effects of dendrobine on AS. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with various concentrations of dendrobine, followed by treatment with tunicamycin (TM) for the establishment of the cell models of ERS. The proliferation and apoptosis of HUVECs were detected by bromodeoxyuridine staining and flow cytometry, respectively. The target binding association was verified through dual luciferase reporter assay. It was found that TM treatment resulted in a low expression of miR-381-3p. Dendrobine treatment not only promoted the proliferation, but also inhibited the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by TM. The reduced expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, inositol-requiring enzyme 1, caspase-4, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase-3 was also observed following treatment with dendrobine. Dendrobine reduced the apoptosis of endothelial cells in the model of ERS by increasing miR-381-3p expression, and partially restored the cell proliferation level. This effect was significantly reduced after the expression of miR-381-3p was blocked. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that dendrobine upregulated miR-381-3p expression to inhibit apoptosis induced by ERS in HUVECs and this process was found to be mediated by caspase-4. The findings of the present study may provide new insight into the causes of endothelial cell apoptosis during AS and reveal the potent therapeutic effects of dendrobine in AS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Application value of NRS2002 and PG-SGA in nutritional assessment for patients with cervical cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE This study explored and analyzed the application value of nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) and patient-generated subjective nutrition assessment (PG-SGA) in nutritional assessment for patients with cervical cancer surgery. METHODS A total of 165 cervical cancer patients that received elective cervical cancer surgery from February 2017 to December 2019 were chosen as the research subjects. NRS 2002 and PG-SGA were employed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients, and detect their nutrition-related laboratory examination indexes. By using albumin (ALB)≤30 g/L as the criterion of malnutrition, the accuracy of NRS2002 and PG-SGA in evaluating the nutritional status of patients was analyzed. RESULTS The differences between scores of NRS2002 and PG-SGA in age, BMI, tumor stage, pelvic lymph node metastasis were statistically significant (P<0.05); while the difference between scores of NRS2002 and PG-SGA in different education degree, pathological type and growth type of patients was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). By using ALB≤30 g/L as the gold standard to determine malnutrition, 64 malnourished patients were detected, with a detection rate of 38.79%. Compared with this gold standard, the judgment of NRS 2002 and PG-SGA have high consistency with the gold standard, and the Youden indexes were 0.550 and 0.795 respectively. In addition, the nutritional or malnutrition risk of cervical cancer patients was assessed by NRS2002 and PG-SGA, respectively. Among them, 33 patients received co-diagnosis, the results had remarkably correlation (P<0.05) with contingency coefficient r of 0.523. CONCLUSION Both NRS2002 and PG-SGA are suitable for preoperative nutritional risk screening of patients with cervical cancer surgery. PG-SGA has a higher positive rate but poor time requirement than that of RS2002. Therefore, clinicians can choose the appropriate tool on the basis of an individual patient's situation for nutritional assessment.
Current status of systemic therapy in head and neck cancer

Abstract There are several controversies in the management of head and neck cancer (SCCHN). Although combined modality treatment is standard in locally advanced SCCHN (LA-SCCHN), the optimal timing of chemotherapy has been debated. Toxicity concerns with chemoradiation (CRT) using high dose cisplatin have prompted use of less intensive approaches. Weekly cisplatin and targeted therapies have been explored in randomized trials. Benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in LA-SCCHN is debated due to lack of impact on overall survival, however, it remains a viable option in the Indian setting where many patients are not eligible for upfront surgery or definite CRT due to advanced stage and poor performance status (PS). The complexity of data of immune check point inhibitors (ICPi) in metastatic setting needs cautious interpretation till an ideal biomarker for their benefit is identified. Their significant cost and promising data of oral metronomic therapy has made the treatment landscape of metastatic SCCHN even more complex. To address these burning issues, we did a critical review of evidence of systemic therapy in SCCHN.
Mathematical Modeling of Low Temperature High Velocity (LTHV) Drying in Foods

The main purpose of this study is the mathematical modeling of low temperature and high velocity (LTHV) drying method with different temperatures and its comprehensive evaluations in fish. For this purpose, 200 g of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was dried with a single layer dryer by using 7 m/s air velocity and ∼40–50% relative humidity at 4, 10, 15 and 20°C. Based on the experiments, weight loss (percentage), final moisture content and drying times were determined. Twenty-three different mathematical models were applied to the observed data to perform a nonlinear regression analysis and the result was comprehensively evaluated by using 14 evaluation criteria. Moreover, the exponential forms of thin-layer drying curves of fish samples were derived. Consequently, the most suitable mathematical models were selected for the LTHV drying conditions considering evaluation criteria. In this regard, the most suitable six models (Logarithmic, Midilli-Kucuk, Demir et al., Hii et al., Balbay-Şahin and Alibas) were selected for the LTHV drying at 4°C that is the most suitable drying temperature for food quality. After comprehensive evaluations, it was understood that some of the evaluation criteria give same results in similar drying conditions as the residual sum of squares (RSS), total sum of squares (SST) and sum of squares (SSE). Practical Applications LTHV drying method is a cold drying process that performed at very low temperatures (≤20°C) and high velocities (≤7 m/s). LTHV drying refers an indoor thin-layer drying of food products, which is entirely exposed to the cold drying air moving throughout the food product. In the open literature, this new drying method has some preservative effects on food quality especially at 4°C. In addition, it is well known that the drying equations can easily be applied to industrial drying applications. In this regard, thin-layer LTHV drying equations can contribute to the drying characteristics of perishable and semidried food. This study allows researchers to select the suitable drying equations and provide which of them should be preferred. The study also provides a comprehensive evaluation of mathematical models for specific products. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Effects of Aging Versus Noise Exposure on Auditory System in Individuals With Normal Audiometric Thresholds

Background: The study aims at investigating the effect of aging and noise exposure on the auditory system using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and contralateral suppression of OAEs (CSOAEs). The objective was to compare DPOAEs, CSOAEs, and ABR in aged and noise-exposed individuals with the normal, to find an indicator for early diagnosis of auditory damage. Methods : Sixty adult male participants were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 included individuals not exposed to occupational noise and group 3 included individuals exposed to occupational noise who were <35 years of age. Group 2 consisted of individuals with an age range of 45-65 years without any occupational noise exposure. DPOAE fine structure was studied at 8 points per octave at different F2 frequencies. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were measured with and without contralateral broad band noise (BBN) at 30 dB SL (CSOAEs). ABR was recorded using click stimuli at different levels, from 90 dB nHL down to 50 dB nHL. The absolute amplitude and peak latencies for peaks I, III, and V; and the wave V/I amplitude ratio were analyzed. Results : In CSOAEs, group 1 showed greater contralateral suppression when compared to group 2 and group 3. The amplitude of ABR wave I and the wave V/I ratio showed a significant difference between the 3 groups, and there was a reduction in amplitude of wave I for groups 2 and 3. Conclusion : The findings indicate that the functioning of the auditory system is affected by occupational noise exposure and aging. CSOAEs, ABR wave I amplitude, and wave V/I amplitude ratio serve as reliable markers in the identification of hidden hearing loss.
The origins of goals in the German Bundesliga

ABSTRACT We propose to analyse the origin of goals in professional football (soccer) in a purely data-driven approach. Based on positional and event data of 3,457 goals from two seasons German Bundesliga and 2nd Bundesliga (2018/20,219 and 2019/2020), we devise a rich set of 37 features that can be extracted automatically and propose a hierarchical clustering approach to identify group structures. The results consist of 50 interpretable clusters revealing insights into scoring patterns. The hierarchical clustering found 8 alone standing clusters (penalties, direct free kicks, kick and rush, one-two’s, assisted by header, assisted by throw-in) and nine categories (e.g., corners) combining more granular patterns (e.g., five subcategories of corner-goals). We provide a thorough discussion of the clustering and show its relevance for practical applications in opponent analysis, player scouting and for long-term investigations. All stages of this work have been supported by professional analysts from clubs and federation.
Predominantly linear summation of metabotropic postsynaptic potentials follows coactivation of neurogliaform interneurons

Summation of ionotropic receptor-mediated responses is critical in neuronal computation by shaping input-output characteristics of neurons. However, arithmetics of summation for metabotropic signals are not known. We characterized the combined ionotropic and metabotropic output of neocortical neurogliaform cells (NGFCs) using electrophysiological and anatomical methods in the rat cerebral cortex. These experiments revealed that GABA receptors are activated outside release sites and confirmed coactivation of putative NGFCs in superficial cortical layers in vivo. Triple recordings from presynaptic NGFCs converging to a postsynaptic neuron revealed sublinear summation of ionotropic GABAA responses and linear summation of metabotropic GABAB responses. Based on a model combining properties of volume transmission and distributions of all NGFC axon terminals, we predict that in 83% of cases one or two NGFCs can provide input to a point in the neuropil. We suggest that interactions of metabotropic GABAergic responses remain linear even if most superficial layer interneurons specialized to recruit GABAB receptors are simultaneously active.
Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Odontoblast-Like Cells: A Preliminary In Vitro Study

Objective The aim of present study was to isolate and differentiate human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) into odontoblast-like cells. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, human adipose tissues were taken from the buccal fat pad of three individuals (mean age: 24.6 ± 2.1 years). The tissues were transferred to a laboratory in a sterile culture medium, divided into small pieces and digested by collagenase I (2 mg/mL, 60-90 minutes). ASCs were isolated by passing the cell suspension through cell strainers (70 and 40 µm), followed by incubation at 37ºC and 5% CO2in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS 5%) and penicillin/streptomycin (P/S). After three passages, the ASCs were harvested. Subsequently, flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect expression levels of NANOG and OCT4 to evaluate stemness. Then, a differentiation medium that included high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, dexamethasone (10 nM), sodium β-glycerophosphate (5 mM) and ascorbic acid (100 µM) was added. The cells were cultivated for four weeks, and the odontogenic medium was changed every two days. Cell differentiation was evaluated with Alizarin red staining and expressions of collagen I (COL1A1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1). Results The ASCs were effectively and easily isolated. They were negative for CD45 and positive for the CD105 and CD73 markers. The ASCs expressed OCT4 and NANOG. Differentiated cells highly expressed DSPP, COL1A1 and DMP1. Alizarin red staining revealed a positive reaction for calcium deposition. Conclusion ASCs were isolated successfully in high numbers from the buccal fat pad of human volunteers and were differentiated into odontoblast-like cells. These ASCs could be considered a new source of cells for use in regenerative endodontic treatments.
A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach Based on Graph-in-Graph for Neural Architecture Search of Convolutional Neural Networks

With the development of deep learning, the design of an appropriate network structure becomes fundamental. In recent years, the successful practice of Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has indicated that an automated design of the network structure can efficiently replace the design performed by human experts. Most NAS algorithms make the assumption that the overall structure of the network is linear and focus solely on accuracy to assess the performance of candidate networks. This paper introduces a novel NAS algorithm based on a multi-objective modeling of the network design problem to design accurate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with a small structure. The proposed algorithm makes use of a graph-based representation of the solutions which enables a high flexibility in the automatic design. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm includes novel ad-hoc crossover and mutation operators. We also propose a mechanism to accelerate the evaluation of the candidate solutions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed NAS approach can design accurate neural networks with limited size.
Protective effects of crocin on acrylamide‐induced testis damage

Exposure to acrylamide (Ac) through food is almost inevitable and this kind of toxicity may cause lifelong harm. In present study, we researched effects of Crocin (Cr) on testis histopathology in Ac‐induced testis of rats. Adult male rats were grouped as: group 1, 1 ml saline only; group 2, 50 mg/kg Cr only; group 3, 25 mg/kg Ac only and group 4, 25 mg/kg Ac + 50 mg/kg Cr. All administrations were given as 1 ml/day by gavage for 21 days. It was found that Ac adversely influenced the levels of FSH, testosterone and LH in the blood serum; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI)/ glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant status (TAS) oxidant/antioxidant parameters in testis tissue (p < .01) and the histopathological parameters like Johnson's score, seminiferous tubule diameter, seminiferous epithelial height and H‐score for caspase‐3 immunoreactivity. In contrary, Cr treatment resulted in increase in testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizan hormone (LH) levels and SOD, CAT, GSH, TAS levels (p < .01) and improved all the histopathological changes. In conclusion, Cr has a promising protective potential against Ac‐caused toxic damages in testicular tissue.
Could Immunonutrition Help in the Fight against COVID-19 in Cancer Patient?

Abstract The rapid and widespread global pandemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had unprecedented negative health and economic impacts. Immune responses play a key role in the development of COVID-19, including the disruption of immune balance and cytokine storms caused by excessive inflammatory responses. Due to the effects of cancer itself and treatment, patients often accompanied by immunosuppression appear to be a susceptible population for COVID-19. Worryingly, COVID-19 with cancer is associated with a poor prognosis. Cancer patients are a vulnerable group, threatened by COVID-19, finding a way to combat COVID-19 for them is urgent. Immunonutrition is closely related to balance and strong immune function. Supplementary immunonutrition can improve the immune function and inflammatory response of cancer patients after surgery, which provides evidence for the role of immunonutrition in combating COVID-19. We reviewed possible mechanisms of immunonutrition against COVID-19, including enhancing immune cell function, increasing immune cell count, ameliorating excessive inflammatory response, and regulating gut microbiota. Immunonutrition supplementation in cancer patients may be beneficial to enhance immune function in the early stage of COVID-19 infection and control excessive inflammatory response in the late stage. Therefore, immunonutrition is a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in cancer.