Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Dietary Behaviors, Physical Development and Nutrient Intakes in Preschool Children*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status of preschool children using the questionnaires about di- etary behaviors and anthropometric indices. And also nutritional status was investigated using questionnaires for 24-hr recall method. The study was conducted in 145 children aged 3 to 6 years and questionnaires for dietary behaviors and dietary intakes were performed by mothers of children in Ulsan. Just nine percent of children were graded as good in terms of having healthy eating habits, this means that the nutrition education for the dietary behaviors should be more focused on preschool children. With regard to the frequency of food intake, children consumed green & yellow vegeta- bles less frequently, meanwhile consumed high protein source food (meat, egg and bean) and milk and its product more frequently. Children almost never consumed fried foods as often as 1-2 times a weak. In assessment of the health status, children have the highest prevalence of colds and allergy, but lower prevalence of clinical symptoms due to the nutritional deficiency. The mean height was 103.6 ± 6.4 cm and significantly different among age (p < 0.05), but was not significantly different between sex. The mean weight was 17.8 ± 3.0 kg and significantly different in 5, 6years old among age. By the WLI criteria, 11.1% of children were underweight and 17.4% of children were overweight or obese. By the Rohrer index criteria, any children were not underweight and 86.8% of children were overweight or obese. By the Kaup index criteria, 2.8% of children were underweight and 29.2% of children were overweight or obese. And Obesity Index criteria, 2.1% of children were underweight and 20.8% of children were overweight or obese. The results of obesity rate by all criteria except Rohrer index indicated similar level, were significantly high in age 3 with all criteria, and decreased with age increased. The energy intake of children was lower than EER (Estimated Energy Requirements) of Dietary Re- ference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) by as much as 85.7%. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) was 62.6:21.5:15.7 as carbohydrate:protein:lipid, so children consumed protein more, but consumed lipid less compa- red with those of KDRIs. Vitamin A intake was 133% of recommended intakes (RI) and calcium intake which was iden- tified as the nutrient most likely to be lacking in diets was 98.9% of RI. The intakes of all minerals and vitamins except folate were higher than KDRIs. 33.3% of children were distributed in insufficiency of energy intake, 42.7% of children were distributed in insufficiency of lipid intake. These results indicate that the need of developing of nutrition education pro- gram and further concern of a public health center, university and children care center about dietary life for preschool children. (Korean J Nutr 2009; 42(1): 23 ~ 37)
Serum Interleukin 13 Level in Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

Background: Therearestudiesindicatingtherelationshipbetweeninterleukin13andpathogenesisof nephroticsyndrome. Toﬁnd thisrelationship,wemeasuredserumIL13concentrationinacuteandremissionphasesinchildrenwithsteroidsensitivenephrotic syndrome. Methods: The serum of 15 patients was achieved for measurement of IL-13 in two phases: acute phase and remission phase. To this end, we used Biofarm ELIZA kites. Results: Themeanconcentrationof serumIL-13was430 ± 279ng/mL(227-960ng/mL)beforestartingsteroidtreatment. Themean concentrationof serumIL-13was428 ± 259ng/mL(215.6-960ng/mL)after4weeksof steroidtreatment. Thediﬀerencebetweenpre and post treatment of serum IL-13 levels was not signiﬁcant (P = 0.91). Conclusions: We showed serum IL13 does not signiﬁcantly decrease after steroid treatment. Although the role of IL13 in increasing glomerular permeability has been shown in previous studies, the local IL13 may be more important than the systemic form. It also can be postulated that mediators other than IL13 also have primary roles in pathogenesis of proteinuria. However, we need more studies to determine the role of IL13 in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
RNA Sequencing Reveals Cancer‐Associated Changes in Laryngeal Cells Exposed to Non‐Acid Pepsin

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common affliction that contributes to laryngeal inflammation, symptoms that impact quality of life, and life‐threatening illnesses such as cancer. Effective treatment strategies for LPR are lacking. Pepsin is a proinflammatory and carcinogenic element of refluxate. Investigation of molecular pathways involved in pepsin‐mediated damage may lead to identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LPR. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to examine changes in human laryngeal epithelial cells following brief pepsin insult. Cells were immortalized to generate a model to aid future study of laryngeal injury and therapeutics.
Whole grain and cereal fibre intake in the Australian Health Survey: associations to CVD risk factors

Abstract Objective: To explore associations of whole grain and cereal fibre intake to CVD risk factors in Australian adults. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Intakes of whole grain and cereal fibre were examined in association to BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic BP, fasting glucose and HbA1c. Setting: Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Participants: A population-representative sample of 7665 participants over 18 years old. Results: Highest whole grain consumers (T3) had lower BMI (T0 26·8 kg/m2, T3 26·0 kg/m2, P < 0·0001) and WC (T0 92·2 cm, T3 90·0 cm, P = 0·0005) compared with non-consumers (T0), although only WC remained significant after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake (P = 0·03). Whole grain intake was marginally inversely associated with fasting glucose (P = 0·048) and HbA1c (P = 0·03) after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Cereal fibre intake was inversely associated with BMI (P < 0·0001) and WC (P < 0·0008) and tended to be inversely associated with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apo-B concentrations, although associations were attenuated after further adjusting for BMI and lipid-lowering medication use. Conclusions: The extent to which cereal fibre is responsible for the CVD-protective associations of whole grains may vary depending on the mediators involved. Longer-term intervention studies directly comparing whole grain and non-whole grain diets of similar cereal fibre contents (such as through the use of bran or added-fibre refined grain products) are needed to confirm independent effects.
Mental health care providers talk about suicide prevention among people with substance use disorders in South Africa

Introduction. Substance use is a well-established and potentially modifiable risk factor for suicidal behaviour. As a result, the World Health Organization has suggested that suicide prevention efforts should target people with substance use disorders (PWSUDs). Most suicide prevention strategies are largely framed within the biomedical paradigm and suggest somewhat generic approaches to suicide prevention. As such, they lack specificity for high-risk populations (such as PWSUDs) and for the different contexts in which they are implemented. Few studies have focused on the experiences of mental health care providers (MHCPs) who provide care for suicidal PWSUDs; the clinical, health care, and contextual factors they perceive to hinder suicide prevention; and their specific ideas for preventing suicide in PWSUDs. In my study, I sought to investigate MHCPs' experiences of preventing suicide in PWSUDs in South Africa (SA); their perceptions of the factors impacting on suicide prevention in this context; and their contextand population-specific suggestions for preventing suicide in PWSUDs. Methods. I conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 18 mental health care providers (psychiatrists, psychologists, counsellors, and social workers) working in Cape Town, SA, who had experience providing care for suicidal PWSUDs. I used thematic analysis to analyse the data inductively with Atlas.ti software. Findings. I identified three superordinate themes: (1) experiences of preventing suicide; (2) perceptions of barriers to suicide prevention; and (3) ideas for suicide prevention. Participants described feeling hopeless, helpless, impotent, and guilty, and said they needed to debrief from their work. They perceived their experiences to be related to difficulties they encountered treating substance use disorders and assessing and managing suicide risk, and their perceptions that treating substance use might increase suicide risk. Structural issues in service provision (such as inadequate resources, insufficient training, and fragmented service Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
Sustained maximal inspiratory pressure is significantly related to mortality risk in COPD

Introduction: The body mass index (BMI), airway obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index is a multidimensional grading system that considers the systemic nature of COPD and predicts the risk of death among patients. The Test of Incremental Respiratory Endurance (TIRE) is a novel assessment of inspiratory muscle performance providing the sustained maximal inspiratory pressure (SMIP) reflecting inspiratory work. The relationship between these two measures is unknown. Aim: We examined the correlation between SMIP and the BODE index in patients with COPD. Methods: Twenty-three male COPD patients with mild to very severe obstruction (aged 71±6 years) underwent measurement of BMI, pulmonary function, the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and 6-minute walk test from which the BODE index was calculated. SMIP was measured from residual volume to total lung capacity via the TIRE. Subjects were instructed to inspire deeply generating as much pressure as possible and to inspire maximally as long as possible. The best of 3-5 consistent trials was recorded. Results: The mean±SD height, weight, % predicted FEV1 and % predicted FVC were 176.9±6.9 cm, 82.4±22.9 kg, 37.1±15.9%, and 66±16.2%, respectively. The mean±SD SMIP and BODE score were 380.9±96 PTU and 4.4±1.9, respectively. SMIP significantly correlated positively to height (r=.44, p=.01) and weight (r=.37, p=.03) and negatively to the BODE index (r= -.494, p=.01). Conclusion: Greater SMIP was associated with lower BODE scores which may provide another method by which mortality risk in COPD can be assessed. Improving SMIP via inspiratory muscle training may facilitate greater survival. Further investigation is warranted.
Growing old, unhealthy and unequal: an exploratory study on the health of Portuguese individuals aged 50+

In this study we provide evidence on the health status and the role of gender and socioeconomic inequality in self-reported health and morbidity status amongst the elderly in Portugal. We find a negative self-perception of health status amongst the elderly; high prevalence of chronic diseases since an earlier age; high level of depression problems reported by women; and high levels of disability amongst the oldest old. There are, nonetheless, substantial differences in health status between age groups that suggest a potential for health gains in the future. The prevalence of chronic diseases, mental problems and high disability requires an adequate (re)organization of healthcare delivery to the elderly. Moreover, the evidence presented clearly calls for a gendered perspective on health policy, particularly in mental health policy.
International Journal of Human Sciences / Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to assess elderly diabetes patients’ health beliefs about care and treatment for diabetes. Methods: The universe of the study consists of 1176 diabetic patients aged 65 years and over who are registered to eight family health centers affiliated to Mezitli district of Mersin province. In the sample, it was planned to reach the elderly between 165-330. As a result, 280 elders were reached. After obtaining the necessary permissions from the related institutions, data were collected with Descriptive Characteristics Form and HBMS for Diabetes Patients in 2012 and analyzed with nonparametric tests. Results: Of 280 patients, 55.7% were male and 60% were aged 65-69. The median value for HBMS showed that the patients had a negative health belief. The patients with higher education levels and those receiving information about diabetes had higher median of values for both the scale and its subscales, those checking their blood glucose had high median of values for the scale and the subscale perceived benefits and barriers, those complying with nutrition therapy had higher median of values for perceived barriers and recommended health behaviours, those having regular check-ups had higher median of values for perceived barriers and those doing exercise regularly had higher median of values for perceived benefits (p<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly diabetes patients should be offered education about self management and HBMS for Diabetes Patients should be used to determine educational needs and to evaluate effectiveness of education offered to help diabetes patients to develop positive health beliefs.
Secondary cannabis use among London drug treatment service clients

Abstract Background: Cannabis is the second most commonly used substance after alcohol among people seeking treatment for other drug use, but no statistics are available regarding secondary cannabis use among drug treatment clients. Objectives: To investigate levels of secondary cannabis use among drug treatment clients and perceived need for support addressing this use among clients and staff. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys of clients (N = 295) and staff (N = 33) were conducted in 2015 at four London drug and alcohol treatment services. Client measures included recent drug use, type of cannabis used, Severity of Dependence Scale for cannabis, and views on secondary cannabis use treatment. Staff measures included definition of problem cannabis use, importance and timing for addressing secondary cannabis use. Results: Among clients, 39.7% reported recent secondary cannabis use, with 30.8% of these clients meeting criteria for problem use. Problem users were more likely to be interested in receiving treatment for cannabis use than non-problem users (51.4% versus 10.8%, p < .001). Nearly half of staff (48.5%) thought secondary cannabis use should be addressed early in treatment. Conclusions: Two out of five drug treatment clients used cannabis and a third experienced cannabis-related problems. Many are willing to address cannabis use, but defined treatment pathways are needed.
Understanding concurrent stimulant use among people on methadone: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Opioid-related overdoses are an epidemic in North America, prompting a greater use of medications for opioid use disorder, such as methadone. Although many people work toward overall drug abstinence while on methadone, a sub-population of people with and without histories of polysubstance use engage in stimulant use while on methadone treatment. This study explores motivations for concurrent stimulant and methadone use in a street-involved drug-using population. DESIGN AND METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 39 people on methadone in Vancouver, Canada. Participants were recruited from among the participants in two community-based prospective cohort studies consisting of HIV-positive and HIV-negative people who use drugs. Interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive and iterative approach. RESULTS Our analysis identified three primary themes. First, participants articulated how stimulants were used to counter the sedating effects of methadone and enable them to engage in daily and survival activities (e.g. income generation). Second, participants described increased stimulant use to compensate for reduced stimulant intoxication while taking methadone. Finally, participants described the desire to achieve intoxication on stimulants once stable on methadone, as their substance use treatment goals did not involve drug abstinence. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Among a street-involved drug-using population in which people do not have abstinence-based treatment goals, there are several functional reasons to use stimulants concurrently while on methadone. A deeper and more nuanced understanding of substance use motivators may contribute to further research and inform policy and guideline changes that support low threshold and harm reduction-focused methadone treatment programs and other interventions to reduce drug-related harms.
Study Of The Outcome Of Early And Late Rescue Surfactant Administration In Preterm Babies

Introduction: Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm. It is the commonest indication for ventilation in neonates in India. Surfactant Replacement Therapy (SRT) for RDS is a major breakthrough that has revolutionized the survival of premature infants worldwide. Randomized controlled trials have also demonstrated that prophylactic or early surfactant therapy compared with delayed surfactant treatment results in improved outcomes for preterm infants at high risk. Objective: To assess the outcome of early and late rescue surfactant administration by InSuRE (Intubation, Surfactant and Rapid Extubation) technic in managing preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methodology: Study design: Prospective analytical study. Sample size: 144 preterm babies between 28-34 weeks of GA. Setting: Level III NICU at SVRR Government General Hospital, Tirupati, AP. Study Period: 1 year (Sep 2013 to Aug 2014). Method: All preterm babies between 28-34 weeks with respiratory distress were given surfactant with InSuRE technic immediately and categorized into early and late rescue group depending on the time of surfactant therapy i.e. within 2 hrs. of life and between 2-24 hrs. of life respectively. Results: In early rescue group there is significant reduction in mortality and lessen the need of mechanical ventilation with p value <0.05. Conclusion: Early routine surfactant administration within 2 hrs. of life as compared to late selective administration significantly reduced the need mechanical ventilation within 7th day of life and mortality among preterm with respiratory distress syndrome.
Fermentable Fibers Induce Rapid Macro and Micronutrient Depletion in Toll-like Receptor 5 Deficient Mice.

Functional fermentable fibers are considered essential for a healthy diet. Recently, we demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiotic mice fed an inulin-containing diet (ICD) developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within 6 months. In particular, a subset of toll-like receptor 5-deficient (T5KO) mice prone to HCC exhibited rapid onset of hyperbilirubinemia (HB) and cholemia; these symptoms provide rationale that ICD induces cholestasis. Our objective in the current study was to determine whether inulin-fed T5KO-HB mice exhibit other known consequences of cholestasis, including essential fatty acid and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Here, we measured hepatic fatty acids and serum vitamin A and D levels from WT, T5KO low bilirubin (LB) and T5KO-HB mice fed ICD for 4 weeks. Additionally, hepatic RNAseq and proteomics were performed to ascertain other metabolic alterations. Compared to WT and T5KO-LB, T5KO-HB mice exhibited steatorrhea, i.e. ~50% increase in fecal lipids. This could contribute to the significant reduction of linoleate in hepatic neutral lipids in T5KO-HB mice. Alongside, serum vitamins A and D were ~50% reduced in T5KO-HB mice, which was associated with metabolic compromises. Overall, our study highlights that fermentable fiber-induced cholestasis is further characterized by depletion of macro and micronutrients.
Long-term treatment with thalidomide for severe recurrent hemorrhage from intestinal angiodysplasia in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

Abstract Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIA) is the most common cause of occult gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring often hospitalization and transfusions, especially in patients with hemorrhagic disorders. Thalidomide, impairing neo-angiogenesis, has been successfully used in the management of bleeding in patients with GIA and in particular in patients with inherited bleeding disorders. Only one case of short-term treatment with thalidomide in a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) and recurrent GIB due to GIA has been reported so far. We report the case of a woman with GT developing high frequency recurrent GIB due to GIA requiring repeated blood and platelet transfusions, who was treated with thalidomide obtaining a striking and stable reduction of GIB and of the requirement of platelet and blood transfusions for over 5 years. Moreover, we raise the suspicion that the association between GT and GIA may not be fortuitous.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors (CVrf) in Rural and Urban Areas Mali: Data from the Step 2013 Survey

Background: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVrf) like hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking have been studied extensively through theses in hospital studies. Therefore, recent published data from community based studies are rare in Mali. Available data are old justifying to perform a community based study on traditional CVrf in rural and urban areas. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively performed a study which data stemmed from the last STEPS survey carried out in 2013 in some rural and urban areas of Mali. We studied hypertension, diabetes, tobacco smoking, obesity based on body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. After bivariates analyses, we conducted a logistic regression with rural/urban as dependent variable using SPSS as analysis software for this purpose. Results: Weight, height, WC and HC were higher in urban area with 69.77 Kg, 169.13 cm, 85.98 cm and 97.26 cm compared to 66.27, 165.42, 81.46 and 93.23 in rural area (p as more prevalent in urban area while elevated waist-to-hip ratio was more prevalent in rural area. But in logistic regression for female, the Odds for Tobacco smoking rural as reference was 0.334 [CI: 0.151 - 0.738] (p = 0.007) and that for WHr is 0.582 [CI: 0.415 - 0.815] (p p p = 0.038). Conclusion: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have high prevalence in this study and need to be monitored with larger studies. Female predictors were raised waist circumference in favour of urban and tobacco smoking and waist-to-hip ratio in favour of urban dwellers. Male diabetes was the only predictor we found.