Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review

Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. Objectives: To explore and describe the coping strategies used by student nurses during COVID-19. Methods: This article used narrative literature review to explore literature review from the following databases namely Web of Science, Google Scholar, African Journal (Previously known as SAE publication), EBSCO Delivery Service (EDS) and Ebscohorst. The terms that were used to search for literature are: ‘Coping strategies’’ OR ‘Coping mechanisms’ ‘student nurses’, OR ‘nursing students’ AND ‘COVID-19 pandemic’. Results: The reviewed literature revealed five themes namely psychological support, religion, consistent use of the internet, use of positive skills and effective problem-solving skills. Conclusion: The review of literature further demonstrated that student nurses can adopt the best effective coping strategies to improve the psychological, emotional, physical, and mental well-being during public health emergencies.
Kinetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in tissues and blood during therapy with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib

Supplementary Materials 1: Patients and data Patient characteristics To characterize the dynamics of CLL cell tissue redistribution during therapy with ibrutinib, we analyzed a cohort of previously treated patients that received single-agent ibrutinib at a dose of 420 MG continuously daily on a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (PCYC1102-CA) at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2010 and 2012. The clinical details of these patients are summarized in Table 1A, main text. Only ten patients of this cohort were used for this analysis because besides determining the absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) in the blood, the volume of lymph nodes and spleen was quantified by radiological measurements. The radiological data are crucial for our calculations and were only available in the selected patients.
Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND To evaluate the global prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students and potential associated factors. METHODS PubMed and Web of Science were searched from their inception to March 28, 2021. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's test were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS A total of 64 studies with 100,187 individuals were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students was 33.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.3%-37.8%) and 39.0% (95% CI, 34.6%-43.4%), respectively. The highest prevalence of depression symptoms was found in Africa region (40.1%, 95% CI 12.3-67.9%), lower middle-income countries (42.5%, 95% CI 28.6-56.3%), and medical college students (39.4%, 95% CI 29.3-49.6%). For the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, the highest was observed in North America (48.3%, 95% CI 37.4-59.2%), lower middle-income countries (54.2%, 95% CI 35.0-73.4%), medical college students (47.1%, 95% CI 35.1-59.1%) and identified by Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (49.1%, 95% CI 31.0-43.0%). Besides, the prevalence of depression symptoms (35.9%, 95% CI 20.2-51.7%) and anxiety symptoms (40.7%, 95% CI 39.5-42.0%) was higher in studies conducted after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that a lot of college students experience depression and anxiety symptoms and clarifies factors that are related to these mental disorders. Effective prevention and intervention strategies for mental disorders should be developed among college students.
Sindbis Macrodomain Poly-ADP-Ribose Hydrolase Activity Is Important for Viral RNA Synthesis

Viral macrodomains have drawn attention in recent years due to their high degree of conservation in several virus families (e.g., coronaviruses and alphaviruses) and their potential druggability. These domains erase mono- or poly-ADP-ribose, posttranslational modifications written by host poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins, from undetermined host or viral proteins to enhance replication. ABSTRACT ADP-ribosylation is a highly dynamic posttranslational modification frequently studied in stress response pathways with recent attention given to its role in response to viral infection. Notably, the alphaviruses encode catalytically active macrodomains capable of ADP-ribosylhydrolase (ARH) activities, implying a role in remodeling the cellular ADP-ribosylome. This report decouples mono- and poly-ARH contributions to macrodomain function using a newly engineered Sindbis virus (SINV) mutant with attenuated poly-ARH activity. Our findings indicate that viral poly-ARH activity is uniquely required for high titer replication in mammalian systems. Despite translating incoming genomic RNA as efficiently as WT virus, mutant viruses have a reduced capacity to establish productive infection, offering a more complete understanding of the kinetics and role of the alphavirus macrodomain with important implications for broader ADP-ribosyltransferase biology. IMPORTANCE Viral macrodomains have drawn attention in recent years due to their high degree of conservation in several virus families (e.g., coronaviruses and alphaviruses) and their potential druggability. These domains erase mono- or poly-ADP-ribose, posttranslational modifications written by host poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins, from undetermined host or viral proteins to enhance replication. Prior work determined that efficient alphavirus replication requires catalytically active macrodomains; however, which form of the modification requires removal and from which protein(s) had not been determined. Here, we present evidence for the specific requirement of poly-ARH activity to ensure efficient productive infection and virus replication.
Toward Robust, Adaptiveand Reliable Upper-Limb Motion Estimation Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning–A Survey in Myoelectric Control

To develop multi-functionalhuman-machine interfaces that can help disabled people reconstruct lost functions of upper-limbs, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques have been widely implemented to decode human movement intentions from surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. However, due to the high complexity of upper-limb movements and the inherent non-stable characteristics of sEMG, the usability of ML/DL based control schemes is still greatly limited in practical scenarios. To this end, tremendous efforts have been made to improve model robustness, adaptation, and reliability. In this article, we provide a systematic review on recent achievements, mainly from three categories: multi-modal sensing fusion to gain additional information of the user, transfer learning (TL) methods to eliminate domain shift impacts on estimation models, and post-processing approaches to obtain more reliable outcomes. Special attention is given to fusion strategies, deep TL frameworks, and confidence estimation. Research challenges and emerging opportunities, with respect to hardware development, public resources, and decoding strategies, are also analysed to provide perspectives for future developments
The development of lexical competition in written- and spoken-word recognition

Efficient word recognition depends on the ability to overcome competition from overlapping words. The nature of the overlap depends on the input modality: spoken words have temporal overlap from other words that share phonemes in the same positions, whereas written words have spatial overlap from other words with letters in the same places. It is unclear how these differences in input format affect the ability to recognise a word and the types of competitors that become active while doing so. This study investigates word recognition in both modalities in children between 7 and 15. Children complete a visual-world paradigm eye-tracking task that measures competition from words with several types of overlap, using identical word lists between modalities. Results showed correlated developmental changes in the speed of target recognition in both modalities. In addition, developmental changes were seen in the efficiency of competitor suppression for some competitor types in the spoken modality. These data reveal some developmental continuity in the process of word recognition independent of modality but also some instances of independence in how competitors are activated. Stimuli, data, and analyses from this project are available at: https://osf.io/eav72.
Overexpression of microRNA-107 suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and induced apoptosis by targeting Nin one binding (NOB1) protein in a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (FaDu)

ABSTRACT Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers, with a worst prognosis owing to its aggressivity. MicroRNA-107 (miR-107) is reported to regulate the progression of various cancers. Nevertheless, its implied function in HSCC remains unclear. This study is aimed to exploring the roles and potential mechanisms of miR-107 in HSCC. We found that miR-107 expression was significantly decreased in HSCC tissues compared with the para-cancer tissues. Moreover, miR-107 overexpression by miR-107 mimics decreased FaDu cell viability, led to cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase, accelerated apoptosis, and reduced cell migration and invasion. MiR-107 possibly resulted in deactivation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, evidenced by the decrease of phosphorylated (p-) PI3K and p-Akt. Besides, dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-107 might bind to the 3’UTR of Nin one binding protein 1 (NOB1), and elevated NOB1 expression in HSCC tissues and a negative correlation between miR-107 and NOB1 were found. Rescue assays demonstrated the significant roles of miR-107 in FaDu cell behavior by modulating NOB1. In addition, the tumorigenic potential of miR-107 in vivo was conducted. It was found that miR-107 overexpression in FaDu cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and led to inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling. The above findings revealed that miR-107 could suppress FaDu cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis by targeting NOB1 through the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that miR-107/NOB1 axis may exert a key role in FaDu HSCC development. Graphical abstract
Comparison of surgical results between ‘atticosinuplasty’ and canal wall up mastoidectomy for early-stage cholesteatoma

Abstract Background We devised a surgical technique called ‘atticosinuplasty’ (AS) for the treatment of early-stage cholesteatoma. Objective This study analyzed the adequacy and applicability of AS compared to canal wall-up mastoidectomy (CWU) in patients treated for early-stage cholesteatoma. Materials and Methods A total of 187 patients with either AS (n = 89) or CWU (n = 98) were compared in terms of postoperative hearing outcome, recurrence and re-operation rate, and radiologic outcome. Results Hearing gain was significant in the AS group (p < 0.001) but not in the CWU group. Air conduction change, air–bone gap (ABG) change, and ABG closure did not significantly differ between the two groups. The frequencies of cholesteatoma recurrence and revision ossiculoplasty were also similar. Of the 32 patients in the AS group with only attic/sinus involvement preoperatively, 20 (62.5%) showed no haziness and 6 (18.8%) had haziness extending to the mastoid postoperatively. Among the 67 patients in the CWU group who had haziness extending to the mastoid preoperatively, in 54 (80.6%) there was no change postoperatively. Conclusions and Significance AS is a surgical technique worth trying in patients with early stage of attic/sinus cholesteatoma in terms of the rate of recurrence and hearing improvement.
Unburdening expectation and operating between: architecture in support of palliative care

The role of design and materials in the enactment and experience of healthcare has gained increasing attention across the fields of evidence-based design, architecture, anthropology, sociology and cultural geography. Evidence-based design, specifically, seeks to understand the ways in which the built environment can support the healing process. In the context of palliative care, however, the very measure of healing differs vastly. Physicians Mount and Kearney suggest that ‘it is possible to die healed’, and that such healing can be facilitated through the provision of ‘a secure environment grounded in a sense of connectedness’ (2003: 657). Acknowledging this critical difference raises important questions around the various ways through which the built environment might support healing, but also about the potential of architecture to impart care. This paper reports on 15 interviews with architects, experienced in the design of palliative care settings, from the UK, USA and Australia, to provide a deeper understanding of the questions being asked within the briefing processes for these facilities, the intentions embedded in the ways that architects respond, and the kinds of compromises deemed allowable (by various stakeholders) within the procurement process. Our findings suggest that palliative care architects often respond to two briefs, one explicit and the other unspoken. Design responses in relation to the first include: formally expressing a differentiation in the philosophy of care (signalling difference), attention to quality, extending comfort and providing ‘moments’. The second relates to the unburdening of palliative care facilities from their associative baggage and responding to the tension between the physical and imaginative inhabitation of space. In revealing the presence of this hidden brief, and the relationship between the two, this paper invites a broader discussion regarding the capacity of architecture to support palliative care patients, their families and staff.
Posterior cortical atrophy: Primary occipital variant

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is one of the atypical Alzheimer's disease variants, characterized by predominant visuospatial and visuoperceptual deficits, with established dorsal and ventral subtypes. A third primary occipital (caudal) variant has been suggested. We aimed to determine its demographics, clinical manifestations, and biomarker findings.
Solidarity and collectivism in the context of COVID-19

The coronavirus pandemic has impacted health care, economies and societies in ways that are still being measured across the world. To control the spread of the virus, governments continue to appeal to citizens to alter their behaviours and act in the interests of the collective public good so as to protect the vulnerable. Demonstrations of collective solidarity are being consistently sought to control the spread of the virus. Catchphrases, soundbites and hashtags such as ‘we’re all in this together’, ‘stronger together’ and other messages of unity are employed, invoking the sense of a collective struggle. However, this approach is fundamentally challenged as collectivist attitudes run contrary to the individualism of neoliberal ideology, to which citizens have been subjected. This paper argues that attempting to employ the concept of solidarity is inherently challenged by the deep impact of neoliberalism in health policies and draws on the work of Durkheim to examine the concept in a context in which health care has become established as an individual responsibility. The paper will argue that a dominant private-responsibility model and an underfunded public system have eroded solidarity weakening its effectiveness in generating concerns for the collective.
Pre-digestion of the lipids in infant formula affects gut maturation of the preterm pig

Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of complications, specifically with regards to the gastrointestinal tract. These complications mainly include the maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients resulting from the immaturity of the small intestine. The current study investigated whether pre-digestion of fat in infant formula would affect the developmental remodeling of the structure of the small intestine mucous membrane. Three groups of premature piglets (corresponding to 30–32 week of human gestation) were used in the study: the first group, not subjected to any treatment and euthanized within 2 hours after caesarian delivery, was used as the control group (PT group), the second group, was fed an infant formula—IF (SPT group), and the third group was fed a lipase pre-hydrolyzed infant formula—hIF (PPT group). Feeding preterm piglets with an infant formula for 14 days stimulated intestinal maturation (in SPT and PPT groups). However, pre-digestion of the infant formula with lipase significantly increased proliferative activity and intensity of apoptosis in the small intestine epithelium, resulting in more rapid enterocyte turnover. The data obtained not only confirm that starting enteral feeding directly after birth stimulates developmental and structural changes in the small intestine, but also highlighted the importance of lipid digestion for enterocyte turnover and speeding up of intestinal maturation in preterm piglets. The latest is of high importance for the proper gut development of preterm children.
Clinical Performance of a Lateral Flow SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody Assay

Abstract Background Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 are important tools for diagnosis in patients with negative RT-PCR testing, pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and serosurveillance studies. However, lateral flow-based serological assays have previously demonstrated poor analytical and clinical performance, limiting their utility. Methods We assessed the ADEXUSDx COVID-19 lateral flow assay for agreement with diagnostic RT-PCR testing using 120 specimens from RT-PCR–positive patients, 77 specimens from symptomatic RT-PCR–negative patients, and 47 specimens obtained prepandemic. Specimens collected <14 days from symptom onset in RT-PCR–positive patients were compared relative to the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Results The ADEXUSDx COVID-19 Test yielded an overall positive percent agreement (PPA) of 92.5% (95%CI 85.8 to 96.3) and negative percent agreement of 99.2% (95% CI 94.9–100.0) relative to RT-PCR and in prepandemic specimens. Relative to days from symptom onset, the PPA after 13 days was 100% (95% CI 94.2–100); from 7 to 13 days, 89.7 (95% CI 71.5–97.2); and from 0 to 7 days, 53.8 (95% CI 26.1–79.6). The overall agreement between the Abbott and ADEXUSDx assays was 80.9%. Twenty-five specimens were positive by both assays, 9 specimens were negative by both assays, and 8 specimens were positive by only the ADEXUSDx assay. Conclusions We demonstrate high PPA and negative percent agreement of the ADEXUSDx COVID-19 assay and diagnostic testing by RT-PCR, with PPA approximately 90% by 7 days following symptom onset. The use of waived testing for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity and specificity provide a further tool for combatting the COVID-19 pandemic.
Lipid-storage myopathy with glycogen storage disease gene mutations mimicking polymyositis: a case report and review of the literature

A 26-year-old Asian woman with persistent muscle weakness was diagnosed with polymyositis based on biopsy findings at another hospital 11 years ago. However, her symptoms fluctuated repeatedly under treatment with prednisone and immunosuppressive agents, and worsened 2 months prior to the current presentation. A second muscle biopsy suggested metabolic myopathy, and genetic testing revealed a novel c.1074C > T variant in the glycogen synthase 1 gene (GYS1), which is implicated in muscle glycogen storage disease type 0. However, no abnormalities in glycogen deposition were found by biopsy; rather, muscle fibers exhibited large intracellular lipid droplets. Furthermore, muscle strength was greatly restored and circulating levels of creatine kinase indicative of muscle degeneration greatly reduced by vitamin B2 treatment. Therefore, the final diagnosis was lipid storage myopathy.
Changes in fetal growth restriction and retinopathy of prematurity during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Purpose To investigate changes in the number of preterm infants, low birth weight infants, and infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we reviewed the medical records of infants born and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and growth care unit of Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital before the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019) and during the pandemic (April 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020). Medical records of infants’ mothers were also collected. Preterm infants, low birth weight infants, infants with FGR, infant and maternal factors associated with FGR, and infants requiring treatment for ROP were compared between the two periods. Results There were fewer infants born at < 28 weeks of gestation, infants with birth weight < 1,500 g, and infants with FGR during the pandemic period than the pre-pandemic period (pre-pandemic: n = 4 vs. during pandemic: n = 0, P = 0.048; pre-pandemic: n = 15 vs. during pandemic: n = 6, P = 0.02; and pre-pandemic: n = 31 vs. during pandemic: n = 12, P = 0.0002, respectively). There were no significant differences in any infant or maternal factors associated with FGR. The number of infants requiring treatment for ROP decreased during the pandemic, although this difference was not statistically significant (pre-pandemic: n = 3 vs. during pandemic: n = 0, P = 0.08). Conclusions Our findings showed a reduction in the number of infants with FGR during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of infants born at < 28 weeks of gestation and infants with birth weight < 1,500 g also decreased during the pandemic period. There was a trend toward fewer infants requiring treatment for ROP during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Review of human papillomavirus (HPV) burden and HPV vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States

ABSTRACT Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women, particularly those who are living with HIV, are disproportionately affected by human papillomavirus (HPV). For this narrative review of HPV health outcomes and vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other MSM and transgender women in the United States, we highlighted 71 publications regarding 1) burden of HPV infections and related diseases; 2) HPV vaccine efficacy; 3) HPV vaccination recommendations; 4) HPV vaccination coverage; 5) real-world vaccine effectiveness and health impacts; and 6) HPV vaccination acceptability. Vaccination is effective at reducing HPV infections among MSM; in the United States, routine HPV vaccination is recommended for all adolescents at age 11–12 years and for all persons through age 26 years. Efforts are ongoing to increase vaccination coverage and monitor health impacts of vaccination. Increasing vaccination coverage before sexual exposure to HPV is expected to reduce the burden of HPV-related disease.