Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and experimental substantiation of a fungal therapeutic drug with immunomodulating and antitumor action according to the authors’ prescription

The article is devoted to a promising direction in pharmacological mycology and biotechnology, namely the use of Basidiomycetes as a biologically active substance for preparation of pharmaceuticals. The anticancer and immunostimulating properties of Basidiomycetes result from the structural characteristics of the polysaccharides: the presence of β-(1 → 3) connections in the main chain and an additional β-(1 → 6) branched part of glucans. Attention is focused on Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) as a unique biosystem with a strong ability to be involved in the regulatory mechanism of human immunomodulation. The purpose of the theoretical and experimental study is development of a pharmaceutical preparation from Shiitake biomass (including its immune cells), the effectiveness of which is considered from the standpoint of the chemistry of natural compounds. Having a 3000-year history of cultivation and application, this mushroom is again of interest to scientists around the world because of investigation into its therapeutic and prophylactic potentials. For the first time, the biotechnological method of cultivating L. edodes biomass was developed with the use of deep cultivation, adapted to the plant raw material base of Ukraine. Malt wort was used as a nutrient medium without processing Humulus lupulus. The analysis of research and preclinical studies of specific activity of the designated biosystem showed a steady increase in human immune status, particularly the antitumor status. This gives special relevance to the evaluation of the properties of the designated biosystem in order to further develop the corresponding fungo-therapeutic immunomodulatory and antitumor drug. According to the results of technological research: physico-chemical characteristics of Shiitake biomass dry powder (including crystallographic) were studied; the possibility of its tableting using only antifriction auxiliaries was substantiated; the optimum technology of tablet manufacturing with an operating name "Shitavit" was presented, an integrated approach to its creation was presented, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the drug was experimentally developed. The direct compression method was rejected due to unsatisfactory performance of all samples of tablets. The chosen technology of using preliminary granulation and the possibility of short-term contact of the L. edodes dry powder with a granulation liquid and an adjustable temperature regime allows all the properties of the biologically active substances of the designated raw material to be preserved. The research results for all series of the designated object showed relative stability of parameters for all indicators in laboratory samples. The information presented in this article is a guide to further research, necessary for a better understanding of the healing properties of fungal polysaccharides, increasing the use of broad-spectrum fungi-based preparations,leading to improvement of the quality of human life.
A Compositional Component to the Samoa Ultralow‐Velocity Zone Revealed Through 2‐ and 3‐D Waveform Modeling of SKS and SKKS Differential Travel‐Times and Amplitudes

We analyzed 4,754 broadband seismic recordings of the SKS, SKKS, and SPdKS wavefield from 13 high quality events sampling the Samoa ultralow‐velocity zone (ULVZ). We measured differential travel‐times and amplitudes between the SKKS and SKS arrivals, which are highly sensitive to the emergence of the SPdKS seismic phase, which is in turn highly sensitive to lowermost mantle velocity perturbations such as generated by ULVZs. We modeled these data using a 2‐D axi‐symmetric waveform modeling approach and are able to explain these data with a single ULVZ. In order to predict both travel‐time and amplitude perturbations we found that a large ULVZ length in the great circle arc direction on the order of 10° or larger is required. The large ULVZ length limits acceptable ULVZ elastic parameters. Here we find that δVS and δVP reductions from 20% to 22% and 15% to 17% respectively gives us the best fit, with a thickness of 26 km. Initial 3‐D modeling efforts do not recover the extremes in the differential measurements, demonstrating that 3‐D effects are important and must be considered in the future. However, the 3‐D modeling is generally consistent with the velocity reductions recovered with the 2‐D modeling. These velocity reductions are compatible with a compositional component to the ULVZ. Furthermore, geodynamic predictions for a compositional ULVZ that is moving predict a long linear shape similar to the shape of the Samoa ULVZ we confirm in this study.
Critical concentrations of surfactant combination regimens with MTAD™ on vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen with greater virulence traits and has gained significance in endodontic literature. It is resistant to most irrigants and medicaments with significant posttreatment reversal cultures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the critical concentrations of irrigants and surfactants and the possible outcome of the combination regimen on E. faecalis. Methods: Five percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), iodine potassium iodide (IKI), and surfactants such as cetrimide (CTR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were prepared. BioPure™ MTAD™ served as control. Minimum inhibitory concentration was performed to determine the dilution fold and dilution factor by serial dilution, followed by minimum bactericidal concentration on agar plates. Results: Although CHX performed better than MTAD™, it proved to be bacteriostatic in action at lower concentrations. NaOCl and IKI were found to be inferior and were excluded. CTR was found to be better than MTAD™; while SDS showed insignificant results. The combination surfactant regimens (CHX + CTR; CHX + SDS) performed in a synergistic fashion and achieved higher eradication rates. Bactericidal action with narrow margins between critical concentrations was recorded and found to be superior to any test irrigant, including MTAD™. Conclusion: Critical concentrations of surfactant combination regimens were found to be highly effective at lower dilutions on E. faecalis. This combination can overcome the limitations, potentiate antimicrobial spectrum, and increase the substantive antimicrobial action of CHX application in clinical endodontics.
Which anemia is associated with mortality in COVID-19? Mild, moderate or severe ?

Amac:COVID-19 hastalarinda yogun bakim (ICU) kabulu sirasinda anemi prevalansini, anemi ile mortalite, hastanede ve yogun bakimda kalis surelerinin((LOS-H ve LOC-ICU) iliskisini arastirmayi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontemler:Yogun bakim ihtiyaci olan 288 COVID-19 hastasini retrospektif olarak analiz ettik. Hastalar iki gruba ayrildi: anemikler ve anemik olmayanlar. Gruplarin demografik verileri, ICU kabulleri sirasindaki labaratuar bulgulari, LOS-H ve LOS-ICU ve mortaliteleri kiyaslandi. Hemoglobin duzeyleri temel alinarak ileri bir siniflama yapildi; ciddi, orta ve hafif anemik hastalar analiz edildi. LOS-H, LOS-ICU ve mortalite hemoglobin duzeyi 109 g/L altindaki ve ustundeki hastalar arasinda kiyaslandi. Boylece orta ve ciddi anemik hastalarla hafif anemikler ve anemik olmayanlar karsilastirildi. Bulgular:Yogun bakim kabulu sirasinda 137 hastada (%47,6) anemi saptandi. Bunlarin 54’unun (%39,4) hafif, 76’sinin (%55,5) orta, 7’sinin (%5,1) agir anemisi vardi. Anemik hastalar daha yasli, coklu komorbiditeye sahip, daha dusuk hemoglobin ve albumin, daha yuksek kirmizi kure dagilim genisligi(RDW), kreatinin ve prokalsitonin duzeylerine sahipti. LOS-H , LOS-ICU ve mortalite oranlari anemik olan ve olmayan hastalar arasinda anlamli olarak fark gostermezken, hemoglobin duzeyleri ≤ 109 g/L hastalarda (orta ve agir anemikler) mortalite oranlari hemoglobin duzeyleri > 109 g/L (hafif anemikler ve anemik olmayanlar) gore anlamli olarak yuksekti. LOS-H ve LOS-ICU bu hasta gruplarinda anlamli fark gostermedi. Sadece yedi hastanin agir anemisi vardi ve bunlarin tamami oldu Sonuc:Bu calismanin sonuclari; yogun bakimdaki COVID-19 hastalarinda anemi prevalansinin yuksek ve hafif anemi artmis mortalite ile iliskili degilken orta ve agir aneminin artmis mortalite ile iliskili oldugunu gostermistir.COVID-19 hastalarinda anemik hastalarin hemoglobin duzeyleri hastaligin ilerleyisinin erken tespiti icin sik monitorize edilmelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: hafif anemi,; mortalite; yogun bakim; SARS-CoV-2
The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on Major Spectator Sport Industry in the U.S. and South Korea: Challenges and Outlook

Abstract This study explored the challenges facing sport leagues in the U.S. and Korea due to the COVID-19 pandemic, their strategies in dealing with the crisis, and what post-pandemic spectator sport industry in the two countries might look like. We recruited three industry practitioners from the U.S. and South Korea for a focus group interview conducted during a panel discussion organized by an academic organization. An inductive-open coding extracted several themes from the qualitative data. Main challenges included uncertainty, increased competition, and weakened fan experience. Strategies included contingency planning, flexible venue management, and revitalizing the fan experience. While the panel agreed that the pandemic constrained the industry’s traditional business practices, countervailing effects were also noted such as the facilitation of technological diffusion. This study presents implications for the industry and the relevant body of knowledge including: Technology-based media consumption, advanced risk management protocols and product characterizations, and approaches to incorporate sociocultural connotations of spectating sport.
Surgical Masks Impair People's Ability To Accurately Classify Emotional Expressions, Except For Anger

Background Recently, the need to continuously wear surgical masks in everyday life has drawn the attention of neuroscientists and psychologists to the negative effects of face covering on social processing. A very recent but not very homogeneous literature has highlighted large costs in the ability to recognize emotions. Methods Here it was investigated how surgical masks covering impaired the recognition of facial mimicry in a large group of 220 undergraduate Italian students. Sex differences in emotion recognition were also observed in 2 subgroups of 94 age-matched participants. Subjects were presented with 112 pictures displaying the faces of 8 actors (4 women and 4 men) wearing or not wearing real facemasks, and expressing 7 emotional states (neutrality, surprise, happiness, sadness, disgust, anger and fear). The task consisted in categorizing the emotion while indicating the recognizability degree with a 3-point Likert scale. Scores underwent repeated measures ANOVAs. Results Overall, face masking reduced emotion recognition by 31%. All emotions were affected by mask covering except for anger. Face covering was most detrimental for sadness and disgust, both relying on mouth and nose inspection. Women showed a better performance for subtle expressions such as surprise and sadness, both in masked and natural conditions, and men for fear recognition (in natural but especially masked conditions). Conclusions Anger display was unaffected by masking, since corrugated forehead and frowning eyebrows were clearly exposed. Unlike digitally created masks, real masks were able to show inhalation-related sucking associated with startle reaction (in surprise, and especially fear expressions), thus providing further cues for emotion recognition.
Social value orientations and public confidence in institutions: A young democracy under the imprint of COVID-19

Social value orientations (SVOs) of a society determine peoples' behaviour and are critical for young democracies in crises. This paper draws on the Maldives Values in Crisis survey, conducted during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. SVOs assessed using the Schwartz Personal Values Questionnaire shows that Maldivian society weigh slightly towards prosocial. Urban-rural, age, and gender determine the SVOs on the dimension of Openness to change versus Conservation while age and gender determine the SVOs on Self-enhancement versus Self-transcendence dimension. Confidence in the public institutions were moderate and not associated with the SVOs. The moderate level of SVOs and confidence in institutions reflects the democratic landscape of the country. Although prosocial SVOs are favourable for implementing containment measures of the pandemic, without a strong value orientation towards conservation and self-transcendence, and confidence in the institutions, the country faces the risk of non-compliance to measures and escalation of the crisis.
Formation of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Compounds During Anoxic Corrosion of Zero-Valent Iron

Abstract Speciation of carbon during the anoxic corrosion of steel is poorly known, whereas its knowledge would be of great importance in connection with assessments of the safe disposal of 14C-containing irradiated steel in repositories for radioactive waste. The chemical form of the 14C-bearing organic compounds determines routes of migration from engineered barrier systems and their reactivity at disposal sites. Batch-type corrosion experiments with unirradiated iron powders reported in this study show for the first time that both reduced and oxidized carbon species are present in corroding iron-water systems in anoxic conditions. Methane and volatile C2–C4 alkanes and alkenes were produced during the course of corrosion whereas formate, acetate, and oxalate were released to solution in the early stage of the corrosion process. Evidence is provided that reduced and oxidized hydrocarbons were produced by two different processes. Formation of reduced hydrocarbons occurred at the surface of iron particles.
A framework for conceptualizing leadership in conservation

Abstract Conservation challenges occur in complex social-ecological systems that require scientists and practitioners to recognize and embrace that humans are active agents within these systems. This interdependence of the social and ecological components of systems necessitates effective leadership to address and solve conservation problems successfully. Although conservation practitioners increasingly recognize leadership as critical to achieve conservation goals, clarity about the term leadership remains elusive in terms of specific strategies and behaviours. Our objective in this review of conservation leadership scholarship was to build on prior literature to conceptualize and define the behavioural leadership strategies that lead to successful conservation outcomes. Following an initial review of more than 1,200 peer-reviewed publications, we conducted a systematic review of 59 articles utilizing an inductive analysis approach and identified a set of five leadership domains that contribute to positive conservation outcomes: (1) stakeholder engagement, (2) trust, (3) vision, (4) individual champion, and (5) excellence in internal attributes. Each domain is defined by 2–4 behaviours that we consider leadership practices. To sustain meaningful progress toward global conservation of biodiversity, conservation scientists and practitioners must embrace and invest in leadership as an integral component of solving our collective conservation challenges.
Insights into the use of polyethylene oxide in energy storage/conversion devices: a critical review

In this review, the latest updates in poly (ethylene oxide) based electrolytes are summarized. The ultimate goal of researchers globally is towards the development of free-standing solid polymeric separators for energy storage devices. This single free-standing solid polymeric separator may replace the liquid and separator (organic/inorganic) used in existing efficient/smart energy technology. As an example, polyethylene oxide (PEO) consists of an electron donor-rich group which provides coordinating sites to the cation for migration. Owing to this exclusive structure, PEO exhibits some remarkable properties, such as a low glass transition temperature, excellent flexibility, and the ability to make complexation with various metal salts which are unattainable by another polymer host. Hence, the PEO is an emerging candidate that has been most examined or is currently under consideration for application in energy storage devices. This review article first provides a detailed study of the PEO properties, characteristics of the constituents of the polymer electrolyte, and suitable approaches for the modification of polymer electrolytes. Then, the synthesization and characterizations techniques are outlined. The structures, characteristics, and performance during charge-discharge of four types of electrolyte/separators (liquid, plasticized, and dispersed and intercalated electrolyte) are highlighted. The suitable ion transport mechanism proposed by researchers in different renowned groups have been discussed for the better understanding of the ion dynamics in such systems.
Frontal Waves in the East of the Tsugaru Strait Revealed by the High-Frequency Radar Observation

Surface velocity observations of the eastern part of the Tsugaru Strait made by the high-frequency radar revealed frequent occurrence of frontal waves along the axis of the Tsugaru Warm Current in 2017–2019. The current axis (maximum of the zonal velocity in the meridional direction) disturbed in the north–south direction with period of ~ 13.7 days that is dominant timescale of tide modulation in the strait, in addition to that of ~ 27.3 days. The amplitude of the axis fluctuation increased in the downstream direction, from the eastern neck of the channel (~ 141.0°E) to the outlet of the strait adjacent to the Pacific Ocean (~ 141.5°E). The propagation speed of the disturbance was slower than that due to surface advection especially in the seasons when the stratification was developed, and agreed well with that estimated from the theory based on the two-layer baroclinic instability model except for winter. The north–south modulation of the axis at the outlet of the strait (~ 141.5°E) could cause short-term (from 20 days to 1 month) variations of an anticyclonic gyre of the Tsugaru Warm Current that is developed in the east of the outlet from summer to autumn reported by the previous studies.
Blending tradition and modernity: gastronomic experiences in High Peruvian cuisine

ABSTRACT This study examines the design and delivery of gastronomic experiences at restaurants of High Peruvian cuisine. Besides the presentation of creative dishes, food is also used to communicate a discourse of authenticity and innovation. Changes in local cuisine were originally initiated by a group of chefs who received education or work experience abroad and later decided to return to Peru to open their own businesses. The aim was to identify particular criteria employed in the development and delivery of gastronomic experiences at these restaurants. This qualitative study used narrative inquiry to capture the participants’ stories and the particularities of the socio-cultural context where they took place. A total of 15 in-depth face-to-face interviews took place with renowned chefs. Findings indicated that chefs, identified as cultural brokers, selectively chose to retain elements of the local culinary system as the foundation of their creations, however, menus also reflected the chef’s creativity and innovative style. The provision of superior service was also a key component of the gastronomic experience. This included utilisation of quality ingredients, attention to ambience and consistent service provision. Gastronomic experiences created and delivered by local chefs could then play a major influence in the development of the food sector.
Impact of Meeting Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Benchmarks on Spoken Language

This study compared preschool spoken language outcomes for children with hearing loss who met the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) guidelines to those who did not, as well as compared outcomes for those who met the current EHDI guidelines to those who met the earlier benchmarks. Finally, the predictive role of meeting each component of the guidelines was evaluated relative to language outcomes. Children who met the EHDI guidelines had higher language scores than those who did not; however, there was no difference between children who met the current guidelines and those who met the earlier benchmarks. Entering early intervention by 6 months of age was the only unique predictor of spoken language outcomes. The findings suggest that EHDI programs should target increasing the number of children with hearing loss who meet the current 1-3-6 benchmarks with a particular focus on enrollment in early intervention by 6 months.
The Effect of WebQuest on Writing Ability: A Case Study of EFL in Indonesia

This research aimed to find out students’ writing at vocational school YPPI Tualang and know how WebQuest improves students’ writing procedure text of second-year students at vocational school YPPI Tualang. This current study was experimental research which was held at the vocational school YPPI Tualang. The experimental research involved two groups of students; they were the experimental group and the control group. The research subjects were the second-year students of vocational school YPPI Tualang. The sample of this research was taken randomly. The experimental group that belongs to the experimental group included 20 students, while the students of the control group belong to the control group were 20 students. The researcher's findings included the research results: the experimental class's analysis results show that the mean score of pre-tests in the experimental class was 63.9. The mean score of the post-test was 77.4. Meanwhile, the control class's analysis result shows that the mean score of pre-tests in the control class was 53.8, and the mean score of the post-test was 58.4. It shows that the experimental class experiences improvement in their writing test. The hypothesis testing indicates that the experimental class students' score was higher than the control class. It can be concluded that WebQuest was effective for enhancing learning writing and providing a positive learning experience.
Trend analysis of selected hydro-meteorological variables for the Rietspruit sub-basin, South Africa

Identifying hydro-meteorological trends is critical for assessing climate change and variability both at a basin and regional level. This study examined the long- and short-term trends from stream discharge, temperature, and rainfall data around the Rietspruit sub-basin in South Africa. The data were subjected to homogeneity testing before performing the trend tests. Inhomogeneity was widely detected in discharge data, hence no further analyses were performed on such data. Temperature and rainfall trends and their magnitudes at yearly, seasonal, and monthly time steps were identified after applying the non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator. The possible starting point of a trend was determined by performing the sequential Mann-Kendall test. This study revealed a combination of upward and downward trends in both temperature and rainfall data for the time steps under observation. For rainfall on an annual basis, there were no statistically significant monotonic trends detected, although non-significant downward trends were dominant. However, significant decreasing rainfall trends were observed in dry and low rainfall months, which were April, August, September, and November. In contrast, significant upward temperature trends were detected at the Vereeniging climate station at an annual scale and in October, November, spring, and winter. The findings are critical for climate risk management and reduction decisions for both near and long-term timescales.