Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability studies in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Oilseed crops have been the backbone of agricultural economy of world and India. Among oilseeds groundnut is one of the important crop grown in the world. In India groundnut ranks first among the edible oil seed groups. As such edible oil economy of India is primarily depends upon groundnut production. Groundnut is most common mans item in daily diet and is considered as poor mans almond. Groundnut contains oil up to 40 to 50 per cent, protein 21.40 to 36.40 grams per hundred grams of seed, carbohydrate 6.02 to 24.90 per cent and moisture 3.90 to 13.20 per cent. Plant characters are highly influenced by environmental fluctuations. The quantitative character like pod yield is associated with other characters. The pod yield is influenced by environment to a considerable degree. Therefore, selection for such characters based on phenotypic expression is less efficient. For reliable selection, it becomes necessary to estimate the relative amount of heritable (genetic) and non heritable (non genetic) variability exhibited by such quantitatively inherited characters which can be obtained with the help of certain genetic parameters like genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability estimates and expected genetic advance over mean. Accepted : October, 2008
Occurrence of Carcharias taurus in nursery areas of the Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa

This study was initiated to investigate the occurrence, size and stage of sexual maturity of ragged tooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) in their putative nursery areas. Information on size and seasonality of catches was obtained from the National Marine Linefish System revealed that juvenile and immature individuals occur in the Eastern Cape throughout the year and make up ~80% of the line-fishing catches. Their occurrence west of Storms River along the south coast of the Western Cape is more common in summer. Individuals large enough to be sexually mature are found in the Eastern Cape almost throughout the year. This suggests that the Eastern Cape is both the both primary and secondary nursery area for this shark. The smallest individuals (<9 kg) occur mainly from September to December. Eastern Cape samples comprised 95 males ranging between 84 cm (4.5 kg) and 262 cm total length (120 kg) and 166 females of 985 cm (5.5 kg) to 288 cm (163 kg). Size at maturity conformed to previous studies and one pregnant female was recorded in October. Catches were from the intertidal zone to 100 m. Underwater observations showed the sharks to prefer high-relief reefs with caves and gullies by day.
A spatially explicit approach to trophic interactions and landscape formation: patchiness in small‐scale variability of grazing effects along an intertidal stress gradient

1. It is well known that grazing contributes to spatial and temporal patterns of algal cover on rocky shores, but this effect has traditionally been studied through grazer exclusion experiments using randomly positioned treatments at particular levels on the shore. Additionally, the effects of grazing on algal composition and biomass are expected to vary across gradients of physical stress and according to grazer size classes.
BAZI ARPA ÇEŞİTLERİNİN ERZURUM KOŞULLARINA ADAPTASYONU / ADAPTATİON OF SOME BARLEY CULTIVARS İN ERZURUM CONDITIONS

OZET : 1998 ve i 999 yillarinda yurutulen bu arastirmada, 16 arpa cesidinin Erzurum kosullarina uyumu arastirilmistir, incelenen butun karakterler yonunden cesitler arasinda onemli farklar bulunmustur. Cesitlerin vejetatif periyodu 62.2-70.3 gun, tane dolum suresi 34.5-40.3 gun, bitki boyu 40.9-56. cm, m2,deki basak sayisi 389.2-491.7. basaktaki tane sayisi 15.4-37.6. 1000 tane agirligi 43.5-53.8 g. tane verimi 197.6-279.4 kg/da. hektolitre agirligi 65.6-72.3 kg. ham protein orani ise % I 1.4-13.2 arasinda degismistir. En yuksek tane verimi Tarm 92 cesidinden elde edilmistir. En yuksek 1000 tane agirligina Tokak 157/37. en yuksek ham protein oranina ise Karatay 94 ve Zafer 160 cesitleri sahip olmustur. Anahtar kelimeler: Arpa, adaptasyon, verim ve verim unsurlar! ADAPTATION OF SOME BARLEY CULT1VARS IN ERZURUM CONDITIONS ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to invesligate adaptability under Erzurum ecological conditions of I 6 barley cultivars in 1998 and 1999. The resulls shovved that differences among the cultivars for ali parameters vvere significant. Vegetative period, grain filling period, plant height, spike number per m2 and kernel number per spike of the cultivars ranged betvveen 62.2 and 70.3 days, 34.5 and 40.3 days, 40.9 and 56.1 cm, 389.2 and 491.7, 15.4 and 37.6. respectively. On avarage ofyears, 1000-kerne! vveight of the cultivars ranged betvveen 45.5 and 53.8 g, grainyield betvveen 197.6 and 279.4 kg/da, hectoliter vveight between 65.6 and 72.3 kg and crude protein content betvveen 1 1.4 and 13.2 %. The highest grainyield obtained from cv. Tarm 92. Tokak 157/37 had the highest i 000-kernel vveight whereas cv. Karatay 94 and cv. Zafer 160 had the highest crude protein content. Key vvords: Barley, adaptation. yield and yield components
The Effects of Surfactants, Nozzle Types, Spray Volumes, and Simulated Rain on 1-Methylcyclopropene Efficacy on Tomato Plants

A study was conducted with a wettable powder formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to determine the effects of surfactants, spray volume, nozzle type, and rain fastness on the efficacy of 1-MCP to protect tomato plants from the epinastic effects of ethephon. 1-MCP at 25 and 50 g·ha ―1 protected tomato plants from 250 and 500 g·ha ―1 of ethephon. Of the three best surfactants tested, two (Dyne-Amic and Silwet L-77) contained silicone and one (Herbimax) an emulsified petroleum oil. The efficacy of 1-MCP increased with an increase in spray volume from 150 L·ha ―1 to 400 L·ha ―1 , suggesting that an increase in leaf coverage leads to greater protection and that the translocation of 1-MCP is limited within tomato plants. There was no significant effect of spray nozzle type on 1-MCP activity. 1-MCP appeared to be rainfast within 15 min after application.
Complete Moult of an Undescribed Resident Taxon of the Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus / Baeticatus Complex in the Smir Marshes, Northern Morocco

A complete moult north of the Sahara has never been reported conclusively in the Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus complex. During a ringing program carried out in the Smir marshes (northern Morocco) 140 adults and 292 juvenile Reed Warblers were examined during four autumns in the period 2004–2008. Of these birds, 8.9% of juveniles were either in active moult (n = 17) or had completed moult (n = 9) and 48.6% of adults were either in active moult (n = 32) or completely moulted (n = 22). At least some of the moulting birds were of local origin (i.e. Smir breeding population), since 14 males and one female were captured in autumn and later recaptured in spring showing signs of breeding activity, or captured in spring and recaptured moulting in autumn. Also, one juvenile captured in May was recaptured in November while moulting. Capture history of some moulting birds indicate that they over-winter locally and others most likely winter somewhere else in Morocco (i.e. north of the Sahara). Therefore, we report the discovery of a (partly) sedentary population of an as yet undescribed taxon of Reed Warblers in Smir marshes, Morocco. The relationship of these to the Eurasian A. scirpaceus and African A. baeticatus Reed Warblers remains to be investigated.
FIRST STUDY OF THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS IN THE ATLANTIC COAST OF MOROCCO USING THE BROWN SEAWEED CYSTOSEIRA TAMARISCIFOLIA

This study is a first attempt to evaluate the toxic effects of prominent aquatic pollutants (nutrients and toxic metals) on the brown seaweed Bushy Rainbow Wrack (Cystoseira tamariscifolia) physiology along the Atlantic coast of Morocco. The physicochemistry (nutrients) of seawater, toxic metals (Chromium, Lead, Copper and Cadmium) and physiological parameters (Chlorophyll contents, Proline, Glycinebetaine and Total Phenolic Compounds) of the brown macroalgae Bushy Rainbow Wrack were studied in order to assess the pollution degree of 8 coastal areas. The results show that the toxic metal contents of Bushy Rainbow Wrack (especially Cadmium) and the concentration of phosphorus are correlated with stress physiological parameters, and inversely correlated with pigment contents. It shows that while these brown algae exist in the less polluted areas, their physiology is significantly affected. However, in the highly polluted areas, this brown seaweed disappears. Thus, this specie could be used for monitoring the pollution degree in coastal areas.
The First Step towards the Independence of the Visually Impaired in Entrepreneurship

Like other members of the community, people with visual impairments also have a need for banking services. However, not all banking services are accessible to them because of their disability, whereas banking services are important for them to start an entrepreneurial business. Therefore, this study aims to map the needs of people with visual impairments in terms of banking services, including aspects of technology assistance. The method used is a descriptive case study, with data collection through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and literacy studies. The results show that government-owned banks are the first choice in opening an account, with the type of transactions carried out in the form of cash withdrawals, transfers, ATMs, SMS banking, banking, debit shopping, multi-payment, and credit purchases. System constraints faced when carrying out these transactions include, among others: weak ATM network, vague navigation buttons, lack of Screen reader facilities at ATM machines, and not all ATMs providing facilities for people with low vision. Service quality can be improved by considering the location of ATMs equipped with ramps, the availability of Screen reader facilities, strengthening ATM signals, additional audio features on ordinary screens and ATM touch screen screens, accessibility of button facilities on ATMs equipped with braille letters, and changing captcha with audio challenge.
Variations in phenolics and antioxidants in Indian onions (Allium cepa L.): Genotype selection for breeding

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of 34 onion genotypes for their antioxidant activity (AOX) content of phenolics, quercetin and pungency to enable selection of the best genotype for later experiments of variety breeding or to be used as a vector in the improvement of well‐established traditional genotype.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive screening of 34 onion (red, pink and white) genotypes is carried out in order to determine the variation in phenolics, quercetin and total AOX as potential for breeding for their enhanced levels.Findings – The AOX in red genotype with highest levels of phenolics is roughly three times higher than commercial white genotype. Pungency levels range from 3.12 to 10.48 μmoles pyruvic acid/g. Mean phenolic and quercetin content ranges from 60.1 to 1094.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg and 22.0 to 890.5 mg/kg quercetin, respectively. AOX in red genotype (expressed as μmoles trolox/g) ranges from 1.97 to 5.45 and 3.60 to 6.61.
NEST FOUNDATION AND DIVERSITY OF MELIPONINI (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) IN AN URBAN AREA OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF JUIZ DE FORA, MG, BRAZIL

During the period of March of 2000 to July of 2001, we monthly sensed new nests foundation of the Meliponini bees in an urban environment, Juiz de Fora, MG. The number of nests and substrata used for foundation was registered. The objective was to verify the diversity and some aspects of the habits of new nests. The average per month was 34,88 nests. The density calculated was 1/3,80 nest/ha. Four species: Nannotrigona testaceicornis (63,93%), Tetragonisca angustula (24,46%), Trigona spinipes (6,74%) and Partamona sp. (4,87%) were identified. There was positive correlation (r=0,6187, p=0,0081) between the temperature and abundance of nests. Partamona sp. , N. testaceicornis and T. angustula species presented preference for human buildings (100,0%, 88,65% and 37,2%) and T. spinipes founded exclusively in trees. The results suggest that these species have a high capacity to habituate to the environment offered by the urbanization process. UNITERMS: Stingless bees, Meliponini, Nest Foundation, Density of Nests, Urban environment.
Research Papers: Effect of Temperature on Development and Reproduction of Globodera solanacearum

The rate of development, size of cysts, and number of eggs and larvae in cysts of Globodera solanacearum varied with different soil temperatures. The life cycle was completed in 33 days at 27 C, 38 days at 32 C, 43 days at 21 C, and more than 48 days at 15 C. Cyst size and number of eggs and larvae therein were greatest at 27 C. Both cyst size and numbers of eggs and larvae decreased at temperatures above and below 27 C, but reduction in number of eggs and larvae per cyst greatly exceeded reduction in cyst size at 15 and 32 C.
Characterization of fungal extracts from Trichoderma isolates: their effects against coffee wilt pathogen (Gibberella xylarioides)

The current research work was designed to evaluate, test, and characterize effective antifungal extracts from Trichoderma isolates against coffee wilt pathogen ( Gibberella xylarioides) . For extraction of antifungal extracts from fungal mycelium different organic solvents, viz., chloroform, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and butane were used. A direct bioautographic procedure was conducted, involving spraying suspension of Fusarium xylarioides on Thin Layer Chromatography ( tlc) plates developed in solvents of varying polarities to detect a number of antifungal substances present in the extracts. Moreover, in vitro antagonistic bioassays were performed to evaluate and determine the potentiality of Trichoderma isolates as biocontrol agents against F. xylarioides. Antifungal extracts were successfully extracted from malt extract agar medium with all organic solvents used except from hexane. Bioautography assay revealed 60 zones of inhibition spots and the highest inhibition zone was observed in aut 5 (51 mm) and aut 6 (44 mm) with ethanol extract at R f value of 0.43. In in vitro bioassay, the highest mean inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogen was achieved by aut 2 (77.4%) isolate in dual culture. In general, tlc -directed bioautography assay was found to be useful in isolating active compounds with antifungal activity and all Trichoderma isolates significantly reduced mycelial growth of the test pathogen compared to the control under in vitro condition.
Occurrence of Appias albina albina (Boisduval, 1836) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) in northern Australia: phenotypic variation, life history and biology, with remarks on its taxonomic status

Variation in adult phenotype, the life history and general biology of the “White Albatross”, Appias albina albina (Boisduval, 1836), are described and illustrated from the monsoon tropics of the northern Australia for the first time. Like elsewhere throughout the species' wide geographical range, the population exhibits sex‐limited polymorphism, with females having three distinct color morphs (white, yellow, intermediate). Variation within and among these morphs is compared with populations from elsewhere in South‐East Asia, particularly Maluku (including the type locality Ambon), and comments are made on the taxonomic status of the Australian population. The species inhabits coastal semi‐deciduous monsoon vine‐thicket where its larval food plant Drypetes deplanchei (Brongn. & Gris) Merr. (Euphorbiaceae) grows on lateritic edges and cliffs. The early stages and behaviour are compared with those of A. albina pancheia Fruhstorfer, 1910 from South‐East Asia and A. paulina ega (Boisduval, 1836) from Australia. Adults are highly seasonal, their timing of appearance coinciding with annual leaf flush of the larval food plant and onset of the summer monsoon. During this period, the broad flight season lasts about two months, the life cycle is completed in approximately four weeks, and the species is probably univoltine or partially bivoltine. We conclude that breeding populations of A. albina albina in Australia are resident, but it remains to be established how the species survives the long dry season.
PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH PADABIDANG PENDIDIKAN DAN BIDANG KESEHATAN TERHADAP KEMISKINAN DI WILAYAH AJATAPPARENG

Fiscal decentralization enters into poverty alleviation strategy in a number of ways. The study aims to determine the effect of the government expenditure in the sector of education, health, and the dependency level (control variable) directly and indirectly thrugh the quality of human resources and economic growth on the poverty.The study was carried out in the region of Ajatappareng with analysis unit in 5 cities and regencies in South Sulawesi. The data were collectied thorugh literature review in the form of secondary of the city and regency government expenditure in education, health, and dependency rate between 2007 and 2011 as well as the quality of human resources, economic grouth and poverty from 2008-2012. The data were analiysed descriptively in quantitative measure. The study indicates that based on functional relationship the quality of human resources has a larger influence than the economic growth on the decrease of poverty. From the view of government expenditure in the educational and health sectors as well as the dependency level, the government larger expenditure in the sector of health provides more influence on the inprovement of the quality of human resources, economic growth, and reduces poverty as compared to expenditure in the sector of education the level of dependency. Both variables only have influence on the quality of human resources. The study is an academic study and limited only to the analysis of the inpact of the expenditure in the sector of healthand education, the level of dependency on the poverty through the quality of human resources, and economic growth.
ASPETTI COMPORTAMENTALI, PRESTAZIONI PRODUTTIVE E QUALITÀ DELL'UOVO IN GALLINE ALLEVATE CON IL METODO BIOLOGICO

The aim of this trial was to study the effect of organic housing system on the behaviour, productive performance and the qualitative characteristics of eggs. The experiment was conduced directly in the field on Hy-Line laying hens from the beginning of the productive period (17 weeks of age) till the end of productive career. The animals were divided in two homogeneous groups and assigned to the following housing system: control, conventional cage (18 bird/m2) and organic 6 birds m2 in a covered straw-bedded house with access to a paddock (4 m2/bird). A standard feed with the same nutritive characteristics was given ad libitum to the chickens. For the organic, more than 80% of the ingredients (maize, wheat and whole soybean) were organically grown, as established by Regulation 1804/99. Ethological parameters (first impact, tonic immobility and behavioural patterns) and the plumage conditions showed better welfare conditions in organic laying hens. The greater movement of those animals lowered productive performances (lighter and less eggs); on the contrary the higher welfare and the minor overexploitation of organic animals permitted a longer productive life. The microbiological safety of eggs showed low levels of mesophila bacteria even though the organic system increased their mean value. There were few enterobacteria (< 100 CFU) and Salmonella spp. not present in any of the eggs analysed.
Simulation tools for scattering corrections in spectrally resolved x-ray computed tomography using McXtrace

Abstract. Spectral computed tomography is an emerging imaging method that involves using recently developed energy discriminating photon-counting detectors (PCDs). This technique enables measurements at isolated high-energy ranges, in which the dominating undergoing interaction between the x-ray and the sample is the incoherent scattering. The scattered radiation causes a loss of contrast in the results, and its correction has proven to be a complex problem, due to its dependence on energy, material composition, and geometry. Monte Carlo simulations can utilize a physical model to estimate the scattering contribution to the signal, at the cost of high computational time. We present a fast Monte Carlo simulation tool, based on McXtrace, to predict the energy resolved radiation being scattered and absorbed by objects of complex shapes. We validate the tool through measurements using a CdTe single PCD (Multix ME-100) and use it for scattering correction in a simulation of a spectral CT. We found the correction to account for up to 7% relative amplification in the reconstructed linear attenuation. It is a useful tool for x-ray CT to obtain a more accurate material discrimination, especially in the high-energy range, where the incoherent scattering interactions become prevailing (>50 keV).
Effect of Azotobacter spp. inoculum on growth of wheat variety trimbak

Biofertilizer has been acknowledged as a substitute to chemical fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. Most of the farmers assume that chemical fertilizer gives more yield than the biofertilizer, ignoring environmental and long term losses. This study is done to test the efficiency and efficacy of the biofertilizer in opposition to the chemical fertilizer and in additions to this comparison also done among the four species of Azotobacter for their aid in increase in yield and biomass of wheat crop. The field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2006-07 season using randomized Block Design and Trimbak variety were used for sowing in 21 plots. About nine parameters of wheat crop were selected and intermittently readings were taken at 30, 60, 90 days of interval to observe alteration, due to use of biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer and some plots were kept as a control for comparison. ANOVA were used to test the significance in treatments.