Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The corner frequency shift, earthquake source models, and Q

The very common seismological observation that the P waveform is enriched in high-frequency motion relative to the S waveforms of the same earthquake manifests itself, in spectral studies of the earthquake mechanism, as the “corner frequency shift,” the general although not ubiquitous tendency for the P -wave corner frequency f o( P ) to be greater than the S -wave corner frequency f o( S ). In point source, time-domain modeling studies of the earthquake mechanism which follow the recipe of D. V. Helmberger and C. A. Langston that explicitly suppresses the corner frequency shift, it is an equally common result that the synthetic S waves are systematically enriched in high-frequency motion relative to the observations. Almost three dozen spectral analysis and time-domain modeling studies are recapitulated in this one to conclude: (1) the corner frequency shift is a very common condition of the far-field body waves of earthquakes, with no discernible dependence on earthquake source strength, hypocentral distance or depth, or recording device; and (2) the corner frequency shift is the manifestation of an intrinsic property of earthquakes, source finiteness. Anelastic attenuation estimates for shear waves determined on the basis of a source model derived from P waves are likely to be strongly biased to high values of Q -1, if the shear excitation is estimated directly from the equivalent far-field compressional excitation, i.e., with no allowance for source finiteness. The corner frequency shift, moreover, places strong constraints on admissible earthquake source models; point-source and Haskell-type dislocation models will not be among them.
Types of beehives and beekeeping in the Republic of Croatia

Tijekom jeseni 1999. godine sakupljani su podaci o nacinu pcelarenja i tipovima kosnica u Republici Hrvatskoj. Anketom je obuhvaceno 2.887 pcelara sa 135.720 kosnica. U istraživanju je analiziran odnos stacionarnog i seleceg pcelarenja, tipovi kosnica, rasprostranjenost kroz regije, profesionalna orjentacija i dob pcelara. Analizom dobivenih podataka utvrđeno je da je dominantno stacionarno pcelarenje u kojem se nalazi 62% pcelinjih zajednica u usporedbi s 28% pcelinjih zajednica u selecem nacinu pcelarenja. Od ukupnog broja kosnica 68% nalazi se u kontinetnalnoj, 27% u mediteranskoj, a svega 5% u gorskoj regiji Hrvatske. U kontinentalnom dijelu Hrvatske podjednako su zastupljene LR i AŽ kosnice (48% i 44%), u gorskom podrucju dominiraju AŽ (71%), dok su u mediteranskom podrucju najzastupljenije LR kosnice (70%). Znacajan dio pcelara su osobe starije dobi (umirovljenici) 42 %, dok profesionalnih pcelara ima vrlo malo (2%) od ukupno anketirane populacije.
Further Development of Methodology for Multivariate Analysis of the Total Fertility Rate and Its Components Based on Birth History Data

3 Overview of methodology 4 Earlier methodology 4 Improved methodology 5 Common features of the Pit and Pait methods 6 The Pait method in more detail 8 Method for calculating unadjusted and adjusted estimates of TFR and its components 17 Illustrative application to 2003 Philippines Demographic and Health Survey data 18 Summary and conclusion 28 Acknowledgments 32 References 33
Optical properties and light penetration in the waters of the Gulf of Trieste (north Adriatic Sea)

This is the first systematic study on the relationships between optical properties and hydrological and biological conditions in the Gulf of Trieste, north Adriatic Sea. The inherent and apparent optical properties (IOPs and AOPs) have been regularly monitored since January 2002, together with traditional hydrological parameters, with the aim of investigating the spatial and temporal patterns of bio-optical properties in this shallow coastal area. The results of this two-year monitoring point to high temporal variability of this shallow coastal ecosystem with regard to its optical characteristics, beside the well-known variability in hydrological and biological phenomena. The most prominent physical and bio-optical signals observed were associated to seasonal variability, however, several important events interrupted the seasonal cycle. Continental inputs, and phytoplankton blooms are the dominant sources of optical variability and these events can strongly vary in duration and spatial
Betaxanthin Profiling in Beta vulgaris Leaves and Gymnocalycium mihanovichii Grafted Cacti: A Comprehensive Study

This study was focused on the identification and quantification of betaxanthins using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) in leaves of various cultivars of Beta vulgaris (beet) and Gymnocalycium mihanovichii grafted cacti. In G. mihanovichii grafted cacti, four betaxanthins, namely histidine-Bx, histamine-Bx, serine-Bx, and proline-Bx, were tentatively identified in the yellow, orange, pink, and red varieties, with contents ranging from 0.09 to 1.55 mg/kg fresh weight (FW). Betaxanthins were not detected in the green cactus. Histidine-Bx was the prevailing betaxanthin compound in the majority of cultivars. Fifteen betaxanthins were successfully identified in the leaves of five B. vulgaris cultivars (cv.): Snow Ball, Boldor, Cylindra, Rhubarb, and Round Dark Red. Leaves of yellow beet (cv. Boldor) had the highest total betaxanthin content (20.4 mg/kg FW), while white beet (cv. Snow Ball) had the lowest one (3.43 mg/kg FW). The leaves of red cultivars had comparable betaxanthin contents, ranging from 13.4 to 18.8 mg/kg FW, similarly to the yellow cultivar, indicating their potential as valuable sources of betaxanthins. There was no single dominant betaxanthin in B. vulgaris leaves. The leaves of B. vulgaris were found to be a richer source of betaxanthin than the grafted cactus G. mihanovichii .
A 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band Low-Noise and Highly Linear Receiver With a New Power-Efficient Feedforward OPAMP for WiFi-6 Applications

This paper presents a 2.4/5 GHz dual-band low-noise and highly linear receiver (RX) for IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax applications. The RX employs an RF front-end architecture composing a balun-low-noise transconductance amplifier, current-mode passive mixers, and transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) to achieve compactness, low noise, and high linearity. A novel power-efficient feedforward operational amplifier architecture was also implemented in the TIA design to achieve the target RX error vector magnitude (EVM) of less than −35 dB with modulation and coding scheme 11 and 1024 quadrature amplitude modulation. Fabricated in a 22-nm SOI CMOS process, the RX achieved noise figures of 2.1/4.2 dB, in- band input-referred third-order intercept points of −11.8/−7.5 dBm, EVMs of −46.4/−44.6 dB for the 2.4/5 GHz bands, respectively. It drew a bias current of 21 mA from a nominal supply voltage of 0.8 V. The active die area was 0.65 mm2.
The hydraulic roughness of vegetated channels

Vegetation in and around watercourses provides both benefits and problems. Floodplain vegetation, especially grass, has been comprehensively studied but aquatic weeds have received less concentrated attention, partly due to the greater diversity of plants and the difficulty of defining the physical parameters. This study relates the overall hydraulic retardance to the physical dimensions for the common shallow water weeds, ranunculus and calitriche.
Managing Impatriate Adjustment as a Core Human Resource Management Challenge

The article reports that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KSA) economy-sustaining workforce is comprised of foreign nationals that are hired for temporary job positions. This trend is called impatriation, and the practice is the core of international human resources management (HRM). Most economic markets in the Middle East came to rely on impatriates for work produced by the oil, healthcare, finance, and trading booms. Most high-skilled workers are from Europe and North America, bringing diversity to the country. The author evaluates general macro and micro environment needs for an impatriate, and the same requirements for their working conditions. He proposes that human resources training be expanded in the Middle East. A case study of personnel management at Al-Watania Poultry is presented.
The Emergence of an Economic-Security Nexus and the Diversity of FTA Linkage Strategies in East Asia*

While aggressively embracing free trade agreements (FTAs) in general, East Asian countries have incorporated security and political factors in promoting FTAs under the swiftly shifting regional economic and security environments, epitomized by the end of the Cold War, the Asian financial crisis, and the intensifying Sino-Japanese rivalry. Therefore, a sole focus on economic factors would fail to shed light on East Asian strategies for linking FTAs and security. While FTAs have mushroomed in East Asia since 2000, East Asian countries have pursued FTAs not merely to increase their economic interests. In many cases, they have attempted to link FTAs to broader security considerations. However, they have demonstrated markedly diverse ways of linking FTAs and security, depending on their primary economic and security imperatives as well as their domestic political situations.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Evaluating Interactions between Groundwater and Vadose Zone Using the HYDRUS‐based Flow Package for MODFLOW’” by Navin Kumar C. Twarakavi, Jirka Šimůnek, and Sophia Seo

[Niswongerand Prudic (2009)][1] commented on the comparison of the UZF1 ([Niswonger et al., 2006][2]) and HYDRUS ([Seo et al., 2007][3]) packages and their ability to incorporate vadose zone flow processes into the MODFLOW model, presented in our manuscript ([Twarakavi et al., 2008][4]). [Niswonger
Out Of The Box: Popular Notions of Archaeology in Documentary Programmes on Australian Television

Abstract Popular representations of archaeology are investigated through a content analysis study of documentary programmes screened on Australian free-to-air television. Although public opinion survey research suggests that mass media, particularly television, are one of the major ways in which the Australian public encounters archaeology, no systematic investigation of the archaeological content appearing on Australian television has previously been undertaken. The results of the study show that the archaeo-historical documentary genre reinforces and perpetuates many familiar archaeological stereotypes and that Australian archaeology rarely, if ever, features in these programmes. The implications for Australian archaeology are discussed and potential strategies for engaging mass media in a public archaeology context are considered.
Perception and Use of E-Collaboration by Postgraduate Students in Nigeria Universities

Collaboration in the Nigerian context has focused majorly on traditional collaboration and not even among postgraduate (PG) students. Advancement in technology has ushered many changes, particularly the introduction of numerous e-tools for collaboration. It is based on this that the study examined the perception and use of e-collaboration by postgraduate students in Nigeria Universities. The study adopted a survey design using a questionnaire to collect data from 631 postgraduate students selected across ten universities in South-West Nigeria. Six objectives were developed to guide the study. The results revealed that e-collaboration is perceived by postgraduate students as a collaboration among individuals engaged in a common task using electronic technologies. E-collaboration is used mostly for projects and research and it is impactful in providing opportunities to interact better than face- to-face collaborative activities. The study revealed electronic mail, social media including (Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp), discussion forums and Google documents as the tools most significantly used for e-collaboration. The reasons why respondents use e-collaboration include flexibility, availability, and compatibility with cell phones. The level of awareness about the ethics of e- collaboration is reported to be too low. However, a small percentage were aware that participation in decision-making and the sharing of blame and credit for outcomes is the responsibility of all members. Challenges faced by PG students in their e- collaboration efforts are power failure, lack of trust, and poor internet connection and speed. It is recommended that more awareness of e-collaboration should be promoted and coupled with improved internet connectivity.
Effect of sowing time and crop geometry on growth and seed yield of dill (Anethum sowa L.)

A field experiment was carried out with an objective to find out the optimum sowing time and crop geometry in dill for realising higher yield and benefit. Fifteen treatment combinations comprising of five dates of sowing viz., I st October, 15 th October, 30 th October, 15 th November and 30 th November in main plots and three crop geometry viz., 40 cm x10 cm, 50 cm x 10 cm and 60 cm x 10 cm spacing in sub plots were taken in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that sowing of dill on 15 th October exhibited significantly higher plant height and number of branches per plant at all the growth stages with maximum number of umbels per plant (60.15), umbellates /umbel (44.10) and seeds /umbellate (57.18). The maximum seed weight (4.89 gm), seed yield (1631.75 kg /ha), net returns (Rs. 94222/ha) with highest benefit: cost ratio (5.36) was recorded in the same treatment. Significantly higher plant height at all the growth stages, yield attributes, seed yield (908.57 kg /ha), net returns (Rs. 43600 /ha) and BCR (2.83) were obtained with sowing of dill at 40 cm x 10 cm spacing over wider spacing. Therefore, sowing of dill on 15 th October at 40 cm X 10 cm spacing was found most suitable for realising higher growth, seed yield, net returns and BCR.
Investigating the Origin and Distribution of Primordial Noble Gases and Volatiles in Asteroids and Comets: A Comparative Study of Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs), Antarctic Micrometeorites (AMMs) and Carbonaceous Chondrites.

The volatile and noble gas inventories of comets are poorly understood relative to asteroids. Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites are thought to originate predominantly from comets, therefore they provide a means of investigating cometary volatiles which can be compared to unequilibrated meteorites and help us understand the relationship between comets and asteroids. In preparation for Xe analyses, we have determined the bulk elemental compositions, H, C, N and O isotopic compositions and carbonaceous content of 26 IDPs, in order to correlate any Xe components with particular, possibly primitive cometary, characteristics. The IDPs as a whole show great heterogeneity in their mineralogy and isotopic compositions, in accordance with other studies. We observed some extreme isotopic enrichments in D and 15N, including correlations between localised D enrichments and C/H ratios, leading to a revision of the organic endmember components devised by previous authors. The Raman parameters we report also agree with other studies on the highly disordered nature of the carbon in IDPs relative to chondrites. We observed two unusual IDPs containing previously unreported features; including a Pb-chromate and large Ti-oxide grain in a highly refractory IDP, and an extremely isotopically anomalous terminus particle in a hybrid IDP; which could be an interstellar grain impact. Perhaps the most interesting particle we analysed here is composed of 50 wt% C, is highly N-rich and contains a large abundance of presolar silicates, some of which appear to be GEMS. This C-rich ? ultra-carbonaceous? IDP could provide an important link to the organic material in primitive chondrites and comets. We also report the first measurement of Xe in three individually analysed IDPs, one of which is only 8 microns in diameter, and thirteen AMMs up to 150 microns in diameter. The AMMs all yielded gas, with some enabling Xe isotopic compositions to be roughly determined. These were mostly a mixture of trapped Q, solar wind and terrestrial air, with some showing 129I-derived, presolar HL and fission-derived Xe influence, similar to the range in isotopic compositions observed in chondrites. The 132Xe concentrations in the AMMs also span the range observed in chondrites. The ultra-carbonaceous, N-rich and highly isotopically anomalous IDP has yielded a 132Xe concentration, normalised to chondritic IOM content, in the same range as IOM in primitive chondrites. This suggests a possible common Q-carrier distribution in comets and asteroids, therefore further indicating wide-scale mixing in the solar nebula.
Paleolítico médio e superior em Portugal: datas 14C, estado actual dos conhecimentos, síntese e discussão

Key-words: Middle and Upper Paleolithic - 14C - Mousterian time limit - Tyrrhenian III - Human occupation - Climate. New radiocarbon measurements were obtained from middle and upper Paleolithic sites currendy under research by the CEPUNL, in well defined stratigraphical situations. With other dates, they yield an approximative chronological global view. Measurement distribution in function of time does not seem to be an hazardous one. ln the actual status of our knowledge, this distribution seems to fit in some assemblages: (a) 14000 to 15000 BP, Solutrean; (b) about 20 000 BP, Solutrean; (c) circa 25 000 BP, already Solutrean, and slighdy older than 26 000 BP, still Mousterian; (d) between 29 000 and 31 000 BP, Mousterian. The persistance of Mousterian much later than its acknowledged upper limit at about 34 000 BP (and hence the survival of its neanderthalian authors) is demonstrated. For the first time it has been possible to ascertain the upper time limit of the marine 5-8 metres raised beach (Tyrrhenian III) at Serra da Arrabida, and also the age of archaeological sites without stone artifacts, or with uncharacteristic ones. The obtained measurements allow us to correlate localities and sedimencary units wirh lasr glaciation events. There seems to have been a distinct correlation between cave and shelter human occupation and events marked by rhe worsening of climate.
Monthly Mean Coastal Upwelling Indices, West Coast of South America 1981 to 2000: Trends and Relationships

1 ZNTRODUCTION . 2 COMPUTATZONS AND ANALYSES . 4 RESULTS . 6 DZSCUSSZON . 18 Uwelling Index Climate Shift: Data Source Comparison . Mean ECMWF Fields Comparhon . 19
Mekong Committee History and Lessons for River Basin Development

One of the notable programmes in international cooperation in river basin development has been conducted in the Lower Mekong River Basin. Since its creation in 1957 the United Nations-sponsored Mekong Committee has been coordinating water resource development among the Lower Basin nations of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. The region has undergone several environmental, political, and economic changes, yet the Mekong Committee has persisted and made several important contributions to regional water development. This paper examines the history of the Mekong Committee in the light of the constraints imposed upon it, and progress made in spite of constraints. It is argued that these constraints, in some ways, have been a blessing for regional water development. General principles from the Mekong of interest to geographers and others involved in river basin planning and water resources research are also discussed.
Present-day deformation of the Dauphine Alpine and Subalpine massifs (SE France)

The positions of 20 geodetic points surveyed in 1946-1952 by the Institut Geographique National in the Grenoble area (western Alps) were remeasured in 1993-1994 using GPS. We evaluate the displacements of the common points of the networks between the two surveys, and calculate the strain-rate tensors for different sets of three adjacent points. The significant N70° shortening direction observed at the boundary of the Belledonne and Taillefer massifs suggests that the dextral strike-slip motion between the External Crystalline Massifs (ECM) and the Subalpine domain is still active. Geological evidence suggests that this deformation, which is compatible with the few focal mechanisms available for the area, occurred throughout the late Neogene. Our data also suggest a roughly 3-5 mm yr−1 active shortening concentrated at the external front of the Subalpine chains. This thrust motion results in a principal axis of compression orientated N130°, oblique to the direction of shortening observed in the ECM. This change in direction is also seen in in situ stress measurements. This motion may mark the southward continuation of the active fault observed in the Jura mountains by Jouanne, Menard & Darmendrail (1995).
Tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic South Anyui suture zone, eastern Russia: A critical component of paleogeographic reconstructions of the Arctic region

The South Anyui suture zone consists of late Paleozoic–Jurassic ultramafic rocks and Jurassic–Cretaceous pre-, syn-, and postcollisional sedimentary rocks. It represents the closure of a Mesozoic ocean basin that separated two microcontinents in northeastern Russia, the Kolyma-Omolon block and the Chukotka block. In order to understand the geologic history and improve our understanding of Mesozoic paleogeography of the Arctic region, we obtained U-Pb ages on pre- and postcollisional igneous rocks and detrital zircons from sandstone in the suture zone. We identified four groups of sedimentary rocks: (1) Triassic sandstone deposited on the southern margin of Chukotka; (2) Middle Jurassic volcanogenic sandstone that was derived from the Oloy arc, a continental margin arc, along the Kolyma-Omolon block, south of the Anyui Ocean, a sample of which yielded no pre-Jurassic zircons and a single peak at 164 Ma; (3) suture zone sandstone that yielded Late Jurassic maximum depositional ages and likely predated the collision; and (4) a Mid-Cretaceous syncollisional sandstone that had a maximum depositional age of 125 Ma. These rocks were intruded by postkinematic plutons and dikes with ages of 109 Ma and 101 Ma that postdate the collision. We present a seismic-reflection line through the South Anyui suture zone that indicates south-vergence of thrusting of the Chukotka block over the Kolyma-Omolon block, opposite of most existing models and opposite of the vergence in the Angayucham suture zone, the postulated along-strike equivalent in Alaska. This suggests that Chukotka and Arctic Alaska may have different pre-Cretaceous histories, which could solve space problems with existing reconstructions of the Arctic region. We combine our detrital zircon data and interpretations of the seismic line to construct a new GPlates model for the Mesozoic evolution of the region that decouples Chukotka and Arctic Alaska to solve space problems with previous Arctic reconstructions.
High-Q Transformer Neutralization Technique for W-Band Dual-Band LNA Using 0.1 μm GaAs pHEMT Technology

In this study, a dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) was implemented by applying a transformer-based neutralization technology to the W-band. Incorporating the neutralization technique was difficult owing to performance degradation in the W-band. However, circuit performance was enhanced thanks to the layout optimization of transformer-based neutralization networks, and the improved operation was confirmed in the W-band. The neutralization technique was implemented in four stages with a 0.1-μm gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility-transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit LNA. The LNA showed small signal gains of 20.3 dB and 21.7 dB and noise figures of 5.0 dB and 6.4 dB (at 84 GHz and 96 GHz, respectively) while consuming 46 mW from a 1-V supply.