Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Against All Odds: Job Search during the Great Recession

The unemployed in the United States appear to allocate time to job search activities regardless of the stance of the economy. Drawing on the American Time Use Survey between 2003 and 2014, I document that the unemployed increase their search intensity only slightly if at all during recessions. Roughly, 30 minutes in a week is the additional search intensity attributed to the unemployed in response to the Great Recession. While their search intensity depends on a number of factors that would predict otherwise, such as the odds of finding work, one argument shows promise: the search costs that accumulate over an expected long period of unemployment make a job more valuable during recessions. I estimate the elasticity of the value of a job to changes in labor productivity to be at least 0.67 and at most -0.04.
GLOBULAR CLUSTER STREAMS AS GALACTIC HIGH-PRECISION SCALES—THE POSTER CHILD PALOMAR 5

Using the example of the tidal stream of the Milky Way globular cluster Palomar 5 (Pal 5), we demonstrate how observational data on tidal streams can be efficiently reduced in dimensionality and modeled in a Bayesian framework. Our approach combines detection of stream overdensities by a Difference-of-Gaussians process with fast streakline models of globular cluster streams and a continuous likelihood function built from these models. Inference is performed with Markov chain Monte Carlo. By generating ≈ 10 7 ? > model streams, we show that the unique geometry of the Pal 5 debris yields powerful constraints on the solar position and motion, the Milky Way and Pal 5 itself. All 10 model parameters were allowed to vary over large ranges without additional prior information. Using only readily available SDSS data and a few radial velocities from the literature, we find that the distance of the Sun from the Galactic Center is 8.30 ± 0.25 kpc, and the transverse velocity is 253 ± 16 km s−1. Both estimates are in excellent agreement with independent measurements of these two quantities. Assuming a standard disk and bulge model, we determine the Galactic mass within Pal 5's apogalactic radius of 19 kpc to be ( 2.1 ± 0.4 ) × 10 11 M ⊙ ? > . Moreover, we find the potential of the dark halo with a flattening of q z = 0.95 − 0.12 + 0.16 ? > to be essentially spherical—at least within the radial range that is effectively probed by Pal 5. We also determine Pal 5's mass, distance, and proper motion independently from other methods, which enables us to perform vital cross-checks. Our inferred heliocentric distance of Pal 5 is 23.6 − 0.7 + 0.8 ? > kpc, in perfect agreement with, and more precise than, estimates from isochrone fitting of deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging data. We conclude that finding and modeling more globular cluster streams is an efficient way to map out the structure of our Galaxy to high precision. With more observational data and by using additional prior information, the precision of this mapping can be significantly increased.
Roughness Evolution of Previously Milled Samples Along a Polishing Test

In the present work results about roughness evolution along a polishing operation with corundum disks of size Norton 400 are presented. Hardened steel and hardened stainless steel samples were previously subjected to ball-end milling or side milling with cylindrical tool at different cutting conditions. Roughness height parameters Ra and Rt, as well as parameters related to the Abbott-Firestone curve such as Rk, Rpk, and Rvk, and shape parameters such as Rsk and Rku were studied. It is usually considered that a polishing operation is complete when Ra does not decrease significantly with more polishing time. In the present paper, an alternative method for determining the end of a polishing test is presented. Roughness is measured both in the longitudinal and in the transversal direction with respect to cutting marks, and it is assumed that the polishing operation is finished when longitudinal values equal transversal values, provided that from that moment on roughness values do not decrease significantly. Moreover, it is recommended to measure parameter Rvk in addition to or even instead of Ra, in order to obtain information about the presence of valleys from the previous milling operation.
Flipped Learning in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom: Outcomes and Perceptions.

Although many educators have recently discussed the positive effects of flipped learning, there is little empirical evidence about whether this approach can actually promote students’ English learning. This study was undertaken in four sections of the same College English 1 (E1) course over two consecutive semesters at a South Korean university. A total of 79 students enrolled in the E1 course participated in the study. Of the participants, 39 learned English using a communicative language teaching approach, whereas 40 studied English in a flipped learning manner. Data were gathered from the students’ achievements in three major tasks, their responses to three surveys, and the instructor's notes on the students’ engagement in the process of their English learning. Findings demonstrate that the students in the flipped classroom achieved higher average scores in their final three tasks than those in the non-flipped classroom, but only the final examination mean score indicated statistical significance. However, surveys indicated that most students in this study seemed to enjoy learning English in a flipped learning environment. Also, the instructor found the students in the flipped classroom to be more engaged in the learning process than those in the non-flipped classroom. Pedagogical implications for effective English teaching are discussed.
68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT与全身磁共振成像诊断前列腺癌远处转移的效能比较

目的对比分析以68镓（68Ga）标记的靶向前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）分子探针PSMA-11为示踪剂的PET-CT（68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT）与全身磁共振成像（WB-MRI）诊断前列腺癌远处转移的效能。 方法回顾性分析2019年1月至12月我院收治的行68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT及WB-MRI的52例前列腺癌患者的临床资料。 由核医学科及影像医学科主治医师各2名分别对患者的68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT和WB-MRI检查结果进行盲法分析，并以最佳比较标准（BVC）为金标准对患者进行分组。 根据结果绘制ROC曲线并计算AUC，对2种检查方法的灵敏度、特异度等进行统计分析。 结果入组的52例前列腺癌患者中20例无远处转移、32例发生远处转移。 WB-MRI检测远处转移的AUC为0. 844（95% CI 0.719~0.968），灵敏度为93. 75%（30/32）、特异度为75. 00%（15/20）；68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT检测远处转移的AUC为0. 959（95% CI 0.893~1.000），灵敏度为96. 88%（31/32）、特异度为95. 00%（19/20），2种方法的灵敏度及特异度差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。 远处转移患者中有25例发生骨转移、29例发生淋巴结转移。 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT检测前列腺癌骨转移灶的灵敏度为92. 00%（23/25）、特异度为100. 00%（27/27），WB-MRI检测灵敏度为60. 00%（15/25）、特异度为88. 89%（24/27），2种方法灵敏度差异有统计学意义（P=0.04）；2种方法对淋巴结转移检测的灵敏度[89.66%（26/29）vs 86.21%（25/29）]及特异度[95.65%（22/23）vs 91.30%（21/23）]差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。 结论68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT与WB-MRI检测前列腺癌远处转移均具有较高的诊断效能。 在骨转移的诊断方面，68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT的诊断效能优于WB-MRI。
The missing children: a systematic scoping review on talent identification and selection in football (soccer)

Abstract Talent identification and development systems represent a range of activities involving the detection, identification and selection of children as talents in sport. The process of identifying talents within football has been extensively researched, and several literature reviews have aimed to streamline talent systems and predict athletes’ capability. This review investigates the nature and extent of research to critically assess talent identification literature within football. Following guidelines for scoping reviews, a systematic search identified 2,443 studies, of which 73 were included in the analysis. Our review shows that the current literature; (a) seldom defines the identification process, but tends to focus on selection of talents, leaving out de-selection processes, (b) makes use of predominantly quantitative assessments including both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches, and (c) represents coaches’ rather than athletes’ perspectives of the process. Thus, our review highlights that our understanding of talent identification remains limited, despite the extensive body of literature available. There is a shortcoming of research involving qualitative methods and a lack of literature emphasising child/youth perspectives. Such studies could supplement our current knowledge through providing insight into children’s experiences of identification and selection (as well as de-selection), and how these processes influence their motivation and interest in sport.
Re‐interpretation of NIPALS results solves PLSR inconsistency problem

The well‐known nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithm is commonly used for computation of components in partial least squares regression (PLSR) with orthogonalized score vectors. Based on generalized inverse formalism, Pell et al.[1] have recently claimed that the NIPALS results are inconsistent with respect to model spaces for residual‐based outlier detection and prediction purposes. This theoretically important result is supported by the present paper, where it is also shown that a simple re‐interpretation of the results from the NIPALS algorithm solves the problem. This is valid for cases with both one and several response variables (PLS1 and PLS2). It is also shown, however, that the price to pay for this solution is that the latent variables in the model will no longer be completely independent of the residual noise. Since the original PLSR model with non‐orthogonal score vectors does not have the same inconsistency, a method for orthogonalization of this model is also included. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Location of manufacturing FDI in Hungary: How important are inter-company relationships? ∗

In a new economic geography framework with input-output linkages, this study analyses decisions made by foreign firms about their location within Hungary. These firm-to-firm contacts are modelled by creating several corporate customer and supplier access measures for all new foreign corporations. In order to see the impact of these variables other forces of agglomeration such as distance to Western European markets and dispersion forces such as high wages are taken into account. Investigation is carried out on a small-to-medium sized European economy that has just gone through economic transition involving almost unprecedented rapid market liberalisation. A rich dataset of corporate tax returns of Hungarian firms between 1992 and 2002 as well as annual labor surveys are used to get location, sales and wage data. Various econometric specifications of both discrete choice and count data models are applied to provide robustness of results that may be crucial when working with firm level data.
The Interactive Impact of Organizational Support, Service Training and Empowerment on Employees' Affective Commitment and Service Recovery Performance: Hotel Front Office Department’s Perspective

(JAAUTH) Vol. 20, No. 3, (2021), PP.148-172. This study investigated the interrelationship of some management practices of service quality, as manifested by front office employees' appraisal of organizational support, service training and empowerment and service recovery performance through their affective commitment in the Egyptian hotel sector. This research reports the findings of questionnaire survey distributed to 219 employees from the front office department of five-star hotels in Cairo. Previously developed and validated measures for organizational support, service training, empowerment, affective commitment and service recovery performance were adopted to test the research hypotheses. Results indicate that organizational support, service training, empowerment and employees' affective commitment are directly related to service recovery performance, though no direct effect of service training over employees' affective commitment was found. Moreover, employees' affective commitment partially mediates the relationship between organizational support, empowerment and service recovery performance. Thus, organizational support and empowerment can strongly relate with achieving a higher level of service recovery performance in the front office department with mediation of its employees' affective commitment.
A TEST OF PERSISTENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIAN EQUITY MUTUAL FUNDS

All Fourteen New Zealand and twelve Australian equity mutual funds available to New Zealand investors from January 1988 through June 1994 were studied to determine if past relative performance could help to predict subsequent relative performance. These tests were done on annual, half yearly, and quarterly raw returns and risk adjusted returns on a raw return and a risk adjusted basis. Strong similarities with some US studies are found which suggest that the Efficient Market Hypothesis in terms of intertemporal ranking cannot be rejected. A TEST OF PERSISTENCE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIAN EQUITY MUTUAL FUNDS
РАЗДЕЛ 2 СТРУКТУРА СОБСТВЕННОСТИ SECTION 2 OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP AND FIRM PERFORMANCE : EVIDENCE FROM AN EMERGING ECONOMY

Due to the separation of ownership and control in modern corporation, the form of relationship between firm performance and insider ownership has been the subject of empirical investigation for last many decades. It is argued, that as managers' equity ownership increases, their interests coincide more closely with those of outside shareholders, and hence, the conflicts between managers and shareholders are likely to be resolved. Thus, management's equity ownership helps resolve the agency problem and improve the firm's performance (Jensen and Meckling, 1976; Agrawal and Knoeber, 1996; Chen et al., 2003). However, several studies suggest that management's ownership does not always have a positive effect on corporate performance (Demsetz and Villalonga, 2000; Cheung and Wei, 2006). Most of the empirical studies on this issue have focused on the developed economies and there is little empirical evidence on the emerging economies in general and almost no work has been done on emerging economy of Pakistan in particular. Therefore, present study is an effort to analyze the relationship between insider ownership and firm performance in emerging market of Pakistan while taking a sample of 100 firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange. In spite of entirely different characteristics of data, it has been observed that there is strong positive relationship between insider ownership and firm performance in Pakistan and the results of cross-sectional regression are consistent with theory of “convergence of interest” of relationship between insider ownership and firm performance. Although these results did not conform with the theory “ownership entrenchment” that have proved true in many developed economies yet the empirical results have provided the Pakistani corporate sector positive indications to solve the agency problem through stock options for their employees.
Profit Sharing, Wage Formation and Flexible Outsourcing under Labor Market Imperfection

We combine profit sharing and outsourcing, if the wage for worker is decided by a labor union to analyze how does the implementation of profit sharing affect individual effort and the bargained wage and thus outsourcing? We find that profit sharing and the wage level have an individual effort-augmenting effect and therefore increase productivity. We also find that the wage effect of profit sharing is ambiguous. There is a wage decreasing substitution effect, but on the other hand, there is a wage increasing effect via labor demand elasticity so that outsourcing and employment effects are also ambiguous.
Intrinsic climate dependency of ecosystem light and water-use-efficiencies across Australian biomes

The sensitivity of ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) to availability of water and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) differs among biomes. Here we investigated variations of ecosystem light-use-efficiency (eLUE: GPP/PAR) and water-use-efficiency (eWUE: GPP/evapotranspiration) among seven Australian eddy covariance sites with differing annual precipitation, species composition and temperature. Changes to both eLUE and eWUE were primarily correlated with atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at multiple temporal scales across biomes, with minor additional correlations observed with soil moisture and temperature. The effects of leaf area index on eLUE and eWUE were also relatively weak compared to VPD, indicating an intrinsic dependency of eLUE and eWUE on climate. Additionally, eLUE and eWUE were statistically different for biomes between summer and winter, except eWUE for savannas and the grassland. These findings will improve our understanding of how light- and water-use traits in Australian ecosystems may respond to climate change.
A discriminative self-attention cycle GAN for face super-resolution and recognition

Face image captured via surveillance videos in an open environment is usually of low quality, which seriously affects the visual quality and recognition accuracy. Most image super-resolution methods adopt paired high-quality and its interpolated low-resolution version to train the super-resolution network. It is difﬁcult to achieve contented visual quality and restoring discriminative features in real scenarios. A discriminative self-attention cycle generative adversarial network is proposed for real-world face image super-resolution. Based on the cycle GAN framework, unpaired samples are adopted to train a degradation network and a reconstruction network simultaneously. A self-attention mechanism is employed to capture the contextual information for details restoring. A Siamese face recognition network is introduced to provide a constraint on identify consistency. In addition, an asymmetric perceptual loss is introduced to handle the imbalance between the degradation model and the reconstruction model. Experimental results show that the observation model achieved more realistic low-quality face images, and the super-resolved face images have shown better subjective quality and higher face recognition performance.
The lasting effect of community police academies: Results of a 6-month follow-up

Community police academies (CPA) are used by police agencies to educate the public on practices and expand community involvement. Using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up survey data, the current study examines the lasting effects of attending a CPA on citizen knowledge, perceptions, and concerns. Results indicate that participants were more knowledgeable about police practices, perceived officers as more honest and accountable, and expressed lower concerns about use of force and misconduct immediately following participation. Follow-up results indicated that, while knowledge was retained, the improvements to perceptions of honesty and accountability were reduced and concerns about misconduct had increased 6 months later.
Critical Issues in Dental Education The Dental Values Scale : Development and Validation

The purpose of this study was to produce a valid scale for use in measuring the values of dental students and practitioners—the lack of which has impeded research on professionalism in dentistry. Following standard scale development procedures, we had focus groups of dental practitioners (N=23) develop a ninety-nine-item pool of value terms related to dentistry. Next, Canadian dentists (N=449) rated the relevance of each item through an online survey. They also rated the values in a generic values measure, Schwartz’s Values Scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified twenty-five items representing five values: Altruism, Personal Satisfaction, Conscientiousness, Quality of Life, and Professional Status. These values correlate with related dimensions from Schwartz’s measure; they also correspond to the values in the American Dental Education Association’s statement on professionalism. We then administered the new Dental Values Scale to dental students (N=96) to determine the relationship between practitioner and student values. First-year students were higher in Conscientiousness, Altruism, and Personal Satisfaction than practitioners, but these values decreased over time to those held by the dentists. We discuss the implication of these results and the potential value of the new scale for dental education. Ms. Langille is employed by Sobeys National Human Resources; Dr. Catano is Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s University; Dr. Boran is Associate Professor and Dean, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University; and Dr. Cunningham, now retired, was an Associate Professor and Assistant Dean, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University. Direct correspondence to Dr. V.M. Catano, Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3C3; 902-420-5845 phone; 902-496-8287 fax; vic.catano@smu.ca. This study is based on data collected as part of Ms. Langille’s master’s thesis project at Saint Mary’s University. A version of this article was presented at the 2009 Annual Session & Exhibition of the American Dental Education Association.
Prospective Memory in 2000: Past, Present, and Future Directions

During the past four years there has been an explosion of interest in prospective memory research, culminating recently in the success of the First International Conference on Prospective Memory (July, 2000). In this paper we take the opportunity to review progress in the area by identifying some key themes and issues that arose during the conference and that are exemplified in the papers contained in this special issue. Finally, we consider future directions for research and some of the key questions that we believe all researchers in this area will need to address. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverse estimation of soil hydraulic properties and water repellency following artificially induced drought stress

Abstract Global climate change is projected to continue and result in prolonged and more intense droughts, which can increase soil water repellency (SWR). To be able to estimate the consequences of SWR on vadose zone hydrology, it is important to determine soil hydraulic properties (SHP). Sequential modeling using HYDRUS (2D/3D) was performed on an experimental field site with artificially imposed drought scenarios (moderately M and severely S stressed) and a control plot. First, inverse modeling was performed for SHP estimation based on water and ethanol infiltration experimental data, followed by model validation on one selected irrigation event. Finally, hillslope modeling was performed to assess water balance for 2014. Results suggest that prolonged dry periods can increase soil water repellency. Inverse modeling was successfully performed for infiltrating liquids, water and ethanol, with R2 and model efficiency (E) values both > 0.9. SHP derived from the ethanol measurements showed large differences in van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) parameters for the M and S plots compared to water infiltration experiments. SWR resulted in large saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) decrease on the M and S scenarios. After validation of SHP on water content measurements during a selected irrigation event, one year simulations (2014) showed that water repellency increases surface runoff in non-structured soils at hillslopes.