Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Loop-Top Source Generated by Processes in a Flare Collapsing Trap

Using the two-dimensional MHD model of the magnetic reconnection, the cusp structure with the collapsing trap is simulated. Scaling these computational results into solar flare conditions, we study the electron acceleration in the collapsing trap. We use the test-particle technique with the guiding center approximation in which the collisional losses and scattering of accelerated electrons are included. We found that this "secondary" acceleration process essentially modifies the distribution function of electrons preaccelerated in the reconnection process. The collapsing trap consists of a structure with the return current, which influences the spatial structure of the loop-top X-ray source. The significance of the curvature drift of electrons in the electric field direction for the electron acceleration is confirmed. The acceleration is more efficient, and the X-ray loop-top source is more intense, but spatially more prolonged than the X-ray source computed in the model without this drift.
Laboratory experiments to test relativistic gravity

Advancing technology will soon make possible a new class of gravitation experiments: pure laboratory experiments with laboratory sources of non-Newtonian gravity and laboratory detectors. This paper proposes seven such experiments; and for each one it describes, briefly, the dominant sources of noise and the technology required. Three experiments would utilize a high-Q torque balance as the detector. They include (i) an "Ampere-type" experiment to measure the gravitational spin-spin coupling of two rotating bodies, (ii) a search for time changes of the gravitation constant, and (iii) a measurement of the gravity produced by magnetic stresses and energy. Three experiments would utilize a high-Q dielectric crystal as the detector. They include (i) a "Faraday-type" experiment to measure the "electric-type" gravity produced by a time-changing flux of "magnetic-type" gravity, (ii) a search for "preferred-frame" and "preferred-orientation" effects in gravitational coupling, and (iii) a measurement of the gravitational field produced by protons moving in a storage ring at nearly the speed of light. One experiment would use a high-Q toroidal microwave cavity as detector to search for the dragging of inertial frames by a rotating body.
Lagrange Interpolation and Boundary-Value Problems

It is known that some boundary-value problems give rise to Lagrange-type interpolation series that can be used to reconstruct entire functions from their samples at the eigenvalues of any such problem. Such boundary-value problems, of which regular Sturm Liouville boundary-value problems are prototype, are said to have the Lagrange-type interpolation property. It was conjectured that any regular, self-adjoint, eigenvalue problem associated with nth order linear differential operator with simple eigenvalues has the Lagrange-type interpolation property. In 1994, P.L. Butzer and G. Schottler proved that conjecture, but a year later Annaby pointed out an error in their paper and gave an alternative proof which is not only imprecise, but also deals with a very special case in which the problem is assumed to be one dimensional. The aim of this article is to fill the gaps in these papers by providing an alternative proof.
Alteration in Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha is associated with Histopathologic Progression of Gastric Cancer

Background: The role of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-8, in gastric carcinogenesis has been investigated, but their impact remains to be further elucidated. Methods: In this study, we measured the serum concentrations of these cytokines and H. pylori serostatus in dyspeptic patients, presenting with normal mucosa (NM = 53), chronic gastritis (CG = 94), and gastric cancer (GC = 82), by ELISA. Results: Moderate levels of TNF-α were detected in the NM group (19.9 ± 19.5 pg/ml), which were nearly doubled in patients with CG (35.7 ± 28.0 pg/ml) and drastically declined in GC patients (1.8 ± 5.9 pg/ml). The serum levels of IL-8, however, were not statistically different amongst these three groups. Conclusion: TNF-α serum concentration seemed to undergo up- and downregulation, when moving from NM to CG and from CG to GC, respectively. If confirmed in a prospective study, this cytokine can behave as a serum indicator of gastric inflammation and malignant transformation.
The asymptotic quasinormal modes of dilatonic black holes

We investigate highly damped quasinormal mode of dilatonic black holes motivated by its relation to loop quantum gravity. Using the WKB approximation, we show that the real part of the frequency approaches the value TH ln 3 for dilatonic black holes, as conjectured by Medved et al. and Padmanabhan. This is surprising since the area spectrum of the black hole determined by the Bohr's correspondence principle completely agrees with that of a Schwarzschild black hole for any values of the electromagnetic charge or the dilaton coupling. We discuss the generality of this result for single-horizon black holes and its meaning in loop quantum gravity.
Spectroscopy of Luminous Infrared Galaxies at 2 Microns. II. Data for Galaxies with 11.2 ≲ log (LIR/L☉) ≲ 11.9

Spectra across the infrared K band are presented for a flux-limited sample of powerful, bright, “infrared” galaxies. The sample in the present paper, consisting of 43 systems (47 individual galaxies) with infrared luminosities LIR in the range 11.2 ≲ log (LIR/L☉) ≲ 11.9, was chosen from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Catalogue. The spectra have resolving powers of ~340-680. When combined with the 13 spectra we have already published for the “ultraluminous” galaxies, those with log (LIR/L☉) ≳ 12.0, this constitutes the largest database of high-quality infrared spectra yet assembled for a well-defined sample of galaxies. The spectra are, in general, dominated by emission lines, which are due to the Brγ hydrogen recombination line and to several quadrupole transitions of excited molecular hydrogen. Emission from He I also appears frequently. Deep absorption bands from CO are present in virtually all the spectra, as are a variety of weaker stellar absorption features. The data are analyzed in a companion paper (Paper III).
Transport and structural modification during nitrogen implantation of hard amorphous carbon films

Hard amorphous carbon (ta-C) films were implanted with 20 keV N+ ions with different fluences up to 6×1017/cm2 at different substrate temperatures. The nitrogen content of the films was monitored in situ using elastic recoil detection analysis. A characteristic temperature dependence is observed for the maximum achievable [N]/[C] composition ratio, with a drop of the saturation level from the room-temperature value of 0.35 to 0.17–0.12 above 150 °C. It is shown that the higher nitrogen retention at room temperature is correlated with the formation of N2-containing gas bubbles which are not present in samples implanted with high fluences at elevated temperatures. From residual-gas analyses it is found that nitrogen is reemitted from the films mainly as N2 when saturation occurs. Double-implantation experiments with spatially separated 14N and 15N implanted regions, respectively, indicate that the N–N molecule recombination observed at large implantation fluences occurs inside the films and not at the surfa.
Combination of size‐exclusion chromatography and ion exchange adsorption for improving the proteomic analysis of plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane vesicles released by live cells that carry a variety of biomolecules, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Recently, proteins in plasma‐derived EVs have emerged as novel biomarkers with essential functions in the diagnosis and prognosis of human diseases. However, the current methods of isolating EVs from plasma often lead to coisolated impurities in biological fluids. Therefore, before performing any research protocol, the process of extracting EVs from plasma for proteomic analysis must be optimized. In this study, two EV isolation strategies, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and SEC combined with ion exchange adsorption (SEC + IEA), were compared in terms of the purity and quantity of protein in EVs. Our results demonstrated that, compared to single‐step SEC, SEC combined with IEA could produce plasma‐derived EVs with a higher purity by decreasing the abundance of lipoprotein. Additionally, with MS analysis, we demonstrated that the combination approach maintained the stability and improved the purity of EVs in many plasma samples. Furthermore, by combining SEC with IEA, more cancer‐associated proteins were detected in the plasma of various cancer samples.
Detection of Magnetospheric X-Ray Pulsation from the Millisecond Pulsar B1821–24

We report the first clear detection of X-ray pulsation of magnetospheric origin from a millisecond pulsar, PSR B1821-24, with the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics. The photon arrival time shows a periodicity of 3.05 ms period, as observed in the radio band. The observed X-ray pulse is double peaked. The pulses are characterized by a sharp temporal profile and hard power-law spectrum with a phase-averaged photon index of ~1.9. These two features are quite similar to the X-ray/γ-ray pulses from the Crab pulsar and characteristic of the nonthermal emission from the magnetosphere of the neutron star, but contradictory to the thermal emission from its surface. Since this pulsar has physical parameters completely different from those of young pulsars, we expect these observations to provide significant constraints on models of pulsar magnetospheric emission, which have been developed mostly based on the observations of young pulsars.
Ultra-brief training in cognitive reappraisal or mindfulness reduces anxiety and improves motor performance efficiency under stress

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives We examined the effects of ultra-brief training in mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal on affective response and performance under stress. We hypothesized that one or both types of training would decrease affective responding and improve performance, and that these effects might be moderated by acute stress induction. Design We manipulated training (mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, control) between subjects and level of stress (low, high) within subjects in a 3 × 2 mixed factorial design. Method: Participants (N = 112, ages 18–35) completed two sessions on different days. In each session, they received mindfulness or cognitive reappraisal training or listened to a control script prior to a low- or high-stress simulated hostage situation. We measured motor performance efficiency (proportion of shots that hit hostile and hostage targets), affective responding (self-reported anxiety, salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, and autonomic physiology), and physical activity. Results Compared to control instructions, ultra-brief training in cognitive reappraisal or mindfulness reduced subjective anxiety and increased performance efficiency. There were few effects of training on other measures. Conclusion Ultra-brief training in cognitive reappraisal or mindfulness prior to a stressful task may be both helpful and harmful; effects are preliminary and subject to boundary conditions.
Fluctuations and nonlinear irreversible processes. II

This paper forms the second part of a study which reexamines the relationship between fluctuations and nonlinear irreversible processes. The scope of the previous paper is generalized to include macroscopic variables which transform odd under time reversal. The fluxes of some of the variables may be purely reversible so that the diffusion matrix may be singular. The deterministic equations for nonlinear irreversible processes can again be derived from a minimum principle. The fluctuations of the macroscopic variables are treated on the basis of a Fokker-Planck equation which has the form derived from statistical mechanics by one of us. The conditional probability of the fluctuations is constructed as a path integral. The connection between the deterministic and the stochastic descriptions of the macroscopic dynamics is formulated in a covariant way, independent of the frame of coordinates. For that purpose, a metric tensor in the space of state variables is introduced. The form of the metric tensor is particularly simple in frames where the macroscopic variables are sums of molecular variables.
Vegetables and fruits retailers in two urban areas of Bangladesh: Disruption due to COVID– 19 and implications for NCDs

Bangladesh is experiencing an increasing prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Considering daily total requirement of 5 servings as minimum recommended amount, 95.7% of people do not consume adequate fruit or vegetables on an average day in the country. Imposition of lockdown during COVID-19 created disturbance in fresh fruits and vegetable production and their retailing. This incident can make these dietary products less affordable by stimulating price and trigger NCDs. However, little is known about the supply chain actors of healthy foods such as vegetables and fruits in urban areas, and how they were affected due to pandemic. Aiming toward the impact of COVID–19 on the business practices and outcomes for the vegetables and fruits retailers in Bangladesh, a survey of 1,319 retailers was conducted in two urban areas, namely Dhaka and Manikganj from September 2021 to October 2021. To comprehend the impact of COVID-19 on the profit margin of the retailers and on the percentage change in sales, a logistic and an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression were estimated. Significant difference in the weekly business days and daily business operations was observed. The average daily sales were estimated to have a 42% reduction in comparison to pre-COVID level. The daily average profit margin on sales was reportedly reduced to 17% from an average level of 21% in the normal period. Nevertheless, this impact is estimated to be disproportionate to the product type and subject to business location. The probability of facing a reduction in profit margin is higher for the fruit sellers than the vegetable sellers. Contemplating the business location, the retailers in Manikganj (a small city) faced an average of 19 percentage points less reduction in their sales than those in Dhaka (a large city). Area-specific and product-specific intervention are required for minimizing the vulnerability of retailers of vegetables and fruits and ensuring smooth supply of fruits and vegetables and increasing their uptake to combat diet related NCD.
Improved pulmonary function is associated with reduced inflammation after hybrid whole‐body exercise training in persons with spinal cord injury

What is the central question of this study? Does 12 weeks of functional electrical stimulation (FES) rowing exercise training lead to suppressed systemic inflammation and an improvement in pulmonary function in persons with sub‐acute spinal cord injury (SCI)? What is the main finding and its importance? Twelve weeks of FES rowing exercise improves pulmonary function and the magnitude of improvement is associated with reductions in inflammatory biomarkers. Thus, interventions targeting inflammation may lead to better pulmonary outcomes for person with sub‐acute SCI.
Dietary essential amino acids for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Abstract Aims Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, requiring novel therapeutic and lifestyle interventions. Metabolic alterations and energy production deficit are hallmarks and thereby promising therapeutic targets for this complex clinical syndrome. We aim to study the molecular mechanisms and effects on cardiac function in rodents with HFrEF of a designer diet in which free essential amino acids—in specifically designed percentages—substituted for protein. Methods and results Wild-type mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce left ventricle (LV) pressure overload or sham surgery. Whole-body glucose homeostasis was studied with glucose tolerance test, while myocardial dysfunction and fibrosis were measured with echocardiogram and histological analysis. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and morphology were investigated with oxygen consumption rate measurement and electron microscopy evaluation. Circulating and cardiac non-targeted metabolite profiles were analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy, while RNA-sequencing was used to identify signalling pathways mainly affected. The amino acid-substituted diet shows remarkable preventive and therapeutic effects. This dietary approach corrects the whole-body glucose metabolism and restores the unbalanced metabolic substrate usage—by improving mitochondrial fuel oxidation—in the failing heart. In particular, biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches suggest that renormalization of branched-chain amino acid oxidation in cardiac tissue, which is suppressed in HFrEF, plays a relevant role. Beyond the changes of systemic metabolism, cell-autonomous processes may explain at least in part the diet’s cardioprotective impact. Conclusion Collectively, these results suggest that manipulation of dietary amino acids, and especially essential amino acids, is a potential adjuvant therapeutic strategy to treat systolic dysfunction and HFrEF in humans.
Bridging quantum criticality via many-body scarring

Quantum dynamics in certain kinetically-constrained systems can display a strong sensitivity to the initial condition, wherein some initial states give rise to persistent quantum revivals -- a type of weak ergodicity breaking known as `quantum many-body scarring' (QMBS). Recent work [Phys.Rev.B 105, 125123 (2022)] pointed out that QMBS gets destroyed by tuning the system to a quantum critical point, echoing the disappearance of long-range order in the system's ground state at equilibrium. Here we show that this picture can be much richer in systems that display QMBS dynamics from a continuous family of initial conditions: as the system is tuned across the critical point while at the same time deforming the initial state, the dynamical signatures of QMBS at intermediate times can undergo an apparently smooth evolution across the equilibrium phase transition point. We demonstrate this using the PXP model -- a paradigmatic model of QMBS that has recently been realized in Rydberg atom arrays as well as ultracold bosonic atoms in a tilted optical lattice. Using exact diagonalization and matrix product state methods, we map out the dynamical phase diagram of the PXP model with the quenched chemical potential. We demonstrate the existence of a continuous family of initial states that give rise to QMBS and formulate a ramping protocol that can be used to prepare such states in experiment. Our results show the ubiquity of scarring in the PXP model and highlight its intriguing interplay with quantum criticality.
Bayesian Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Models using Tensor Regression for Multi-environmental Trials

We propose a Bayesian tensor regression model to accommodate the effect of multiple factors on phenotype prediction. We adopt a set of prior distributions that resolve identifiability issues that may arise between the parameters in the model. Simulation experiments show that our method out-performs previous related models and machine learning algorithms under different sample sizes and degrees of complexity. We further explore the applicability of our model by analysing real-world data related to wheat production across Ireland from 2010 to 2019. Our model performs competitively and overcomes key limitations found in other analogous approaches. Finally, we adapt a set of visualisations for the posterior distribution of the tensor effects that facilitate the identification of optimal interactions between the tensor variables whilst accounting for the uncertainty in the posterior distribution.
Integrated Sensing and Communication Signals Toward 5G-A and 6G: A Survey

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has the advantages of efficient spectrum utilization and low hardware cost. It is promising to be implemented in the fifth-generation-advanced (5G-A) and sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, having the potential to be applied in intelligent applications requiring both communication and high-accurate sensing capabilities. As the fundamental technology of ISAC, ISAC signal directly impacts the performance of sensing and communication. This article systematically reviews the literature on ISAC signals from the perspective of mobile communication systems, including ISAC signal design, ISAC signal processing, and ISAC signal optimization. We first review the ISAC signal design based on 5G, 5G-A, and 6G mobile communication systems. Then, radar signal processing methods are reviewed for ISAC signals, mainly including the channel information matrix method, spectrum lines estimator method, and super-resolution method. In terms of signal optimization, we summarize peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) optimization, interference management, and adaptive signal optimization for ISAC signals. This article may provide the guidelines for the research of ISAC signals in 5G-A and 6G mobile communication systems.
TESS–Gaia Light Curve: A PSF-based TESS FFI Light-curve Product

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is continuing its second extended mission after 55 sectors of observations. TESS publishes full-frame images (FFIs) at a cadence of 1800, 600, or 200 s, allowing light curves to be extracted for stars beyond a limited number of pre-selected stars. Simulations show that thousands of exoplanets, eclipsing binaries, variable stars, and other astrophysical transients can be found in these FFI light curves. To obtain high-precision light curves, we forward model the FFI with the effective point-spread function (PSF) to remove contamination from nearby stars. We adopt star positions and magnitudes from Gaia DR3 as priors. The resulting light curves, called TESS–Gaia light curves (TGLCs), show a photometric precision closely tracking the prelaunch prediction of the noise level. The TGLCs’ photometric precision reaches ≲2% at 16th TESS magnitude even in crowded fields. We publish TGLC aperture and PSF light curves for stars down to 16th TESS magnitude through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes for all available sectors and will continue to deliver future light curves. The open-source package tglc 3 3 Via 10.17909/610m‐9474. is publicly available to enable any user to produce customized light curves. Via 10.17909/610m‐9474.
Optimal randomized multilevel Monte Carlo for repeatedly nested expectations

The estimation of repeatedly nested expectations is a challenging task that arises in many real-world systems. However, existing methods generally suffer from high computational costs when the number of nestings becomes large. Fix any non-negative integer $D$ for the total number of nestings. Standard Monte Carlo methods typically cost at least $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-(2+D)})$ and sometimes $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2(1+D)})$ to obtain an estimator up to $\varepsilon$-error. More advanced methods, such as multilevel Monte Carlo, currently only exist for $D = 1$. In this paper, we propose a novel Monte Carlo estimator called $\mathsf{READ}$, which stands for"Recursive Estimator for Arbitrary Depth. '' Our estimator has an optimal computational cost of $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2})$ for every fixed $D$ under suitable assumptions, and a nearly optimal computational cost of $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2(1 + \delta)})$ for any $0<\delta<\frac12$ under much more general assumptions. Our estimator is also unbiased, which makes it easy to parallelize. The key ingredients in our construction are an observation of the problem's recursive structure and the recursive use of the randomized multilevel Monte Carlo method.