Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 21 Performance of Managed Futures: 1983 to the Post-2008 Crisis Period

The growth of the managed futures industry increased dramatically in the late 1970s after the introduction of the world’s first financial futures contracts (foreign currency futures) by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1972. The first published academic research on the performance of managed futures appeared in the 1980s. Researchers who adopted similar performance metrics to assess managed futures in different time periods also reached similar conclusions as earlier studies about the benefits of managed futures. Some recent studies address the issues of performance persistence and market timing ability of managed futures traders. Following the onset of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, researchers also reassessed the diversification benefits of managed futures and the low correlations of their returns with those of stocks and bonds. Evidence reaffirmed that the favorable characteristics of managed futures investments were useful for investors looking for a "crisis alpha" for their portfolios in periods with high market volatility.
Cardiovascular Implications in Preeclampsia An Overview

Women to preterm or term preeclampsia also abnormal LV remodeling concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy. Women destined to develop preterm preeclampsia show evidence of LV mild diastolic dysfunction (30%) and segmental impaired myocardial relaxation This diastolic impairment is associated with increased afterload and adverse LV remodeling as demonstrated by significantly higher mean arterial pressure, total vascular resistance index, relative wall thickness, and LV concentric
Studies on chemical solutions and storage duration on keeping quality of cut gladiolus ( Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) spikes (‘White Prosperity’)

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different chemical solutions (C 1 = sucrose (20%) + [Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . -16H 2 O 300 ppm], C 2 = sucrose (20%) + [Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . -16H 2 O] 300 ppm + GA 3 50 ppm and C 3 = Control (Distilled water)) and five storage durations viz., (S 0 = 0 days, S 1 = 7 days, S 2 = 14 days, S 3 = 21 days and S 4 = 28 days) on keeping quality of cut spikes of gladiolus ‘White Prosperity’. The results showed that chemical solutions as well as storage durations significantly influenced the studied parameters. Among the chemical solutions, C 2 was significantly superior with regard to days to open basal floret, vase life, number of florets opened, floret size, longevity of open florets and fresh weight gain/loss, while the lowest values of these parameters were recorded in control treatment. Similarly, shorter storage durations of 0 days (S 0 ) recorded higher vase life, longevity of open floret and total water absorption, while days to open the basal floret and floret size were superior in S 3 storage and rest of the parameters were significantly higher in S 2 storage duration. The spikes stored in S 4 treatment did not open either pulsed with chemical solutions or in control. days basal floret to open, vase life (days), florets opened (%), floret size (cm), longevity of open floret (days) and per cent change in fresh weight after according to and Torrie and the differences between the means of the treatments were considered significant when they were equal or more than the least significant difference (L.S.D.) at the 5% level.
measured ectopic fat in liver and muscle in danish lean and obese children and adolescents

Objectives This cross sectional study aims to investigate the associations between ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle and biochemical measures, estimates of insulin resistance, anthropometry, and blood pressure in lean and overweight/obese children. Methods Fasting plasma glucose, serum lipids, serum insulin, and expressions of insulin resistance, anthropometry, blood pressure, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver and muscle fat were obtained in 327 Danish children and adolescents aged 8 – 18 years.
Willingness to Pay for Community-Based Health Insurance Scheme and Associated Factors Among Rural Communities in Gemmachis District, Eastern Ethiopia

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, out-of-pocket expenditures constitute approximately 40% of total healthcare expenditures, imposing huge financial burdens on the poor. To tackle the effects of out-of-pocket payment for healthcare services, Ethiopia has been focusing on implementation and expansion of a community-based health insurance (CBHI) program since 2011. This study assessed willingness to pay for CBHI scheme and associated factors among rural communities in Gemmachis district, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 446 randomly selected participants in Gemmachis district from April 1 to April 30, 2019. Data were collected from participants using pretested structured questionnaires through face-to-face interview. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with willingness to pay for CBHI. Results: A total of 440 (98.7%) participants were involved in the study. Three in every four (74.8%) participants were willing to pay for CBHI (95% CI: 70.7%, 78.9%). Primary education (AOR=5.1, 95% CI: 2.4, 11.1), being merchant (AOR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.51), housewife (AOR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.0), poor (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.7), illness in the last one year (AOR=3.1, 95% CI, 1.9, 5.2), good knowledge about CBHI (AOR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.6) and access to public health facility (AOR=2.0,95% CI: 1.1, 3.7) were all significantly associated with willingness to pay for CBHI. Conclusion: A significant proportion of participants were willing to pay for CBHI scheme. Education, occupation, wealth status, illness in the last one year, knowledge about CBHI and access to healthcare facility were factors significantly associated with willingness to pay for CBHI. If the scheme is to serve as a means to provide access to health service, the premium for membership should be tailored and customized by individual socioeconomic factors.
Acid-Induced NK Cell Activation during Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Cutting Edge: A Dual Role for Type I IFNs

NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are most efﬁcient at fulﬁlling their functions after a phase of priming provided by cytokines and/or accessory cells. Although type I IFNs are known to be important in this process, it remains unclear whether they act directly on NK cells or indirectly on accessory cells. We used adoptive transfer experiments and mixed bone marrow chimeras to dis-sect the requirement for type I IFN signaling in response to the dsRNA analog polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. We demonstrate that optimal NK cell priming requires type I IFNs to signal on both NK cells and accessory cells. In the absence of IL-15, the residual NK cell activation was strictly dependent on cell-intrinsic IFNAR signaling in NK cells. Our results suggest that type I IFNs produced following viral infection simultaneously target accessory cells for IL-15 transpresentation and NK cells themselves and that these two pathways cooperate for NK cell priming. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 2084–2088.
Mass Spectrometry FRAGMENTATION OF MOXIFLOXACIN AND ITS ANALOGS BY ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY

The fragmentation of patterns of moxiﬂoxacin, 2-N-methylated moxiﬂoxacin (analog 1 ), and 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-diﬂuoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (analog 2 ) were investigated by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-ﬂight tandem mass spec- trometry in the positive-ion mode. Many unusual ions were detected in the tandem mass spectra of moxiﬂoxacin. Although the structures of moxiﬂoxacin and analog 1 were similar, the relative abundances of products varied greatly. Comparison of the relative abundances of the product ions that lost CO 2 or H 2 O and complementary product ions resulting from sequential four-membered hydrogen rearrangement showed that the differences were related to the protonation sites. The loss of HF, probably though the formation of an ion = neutral complex, is of scientiﬁc interest. The identities of the major product ions were conﬁrmed by deuterium-labeling experiments that demonstrated an unusual loss of a deuterium atom. The major differences in fragmentation patterns were compared to previous reports in the literature.
Comparison of Serum Lipoproteins with Lipidogram and Lp(a) levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

: This study compares the serum lipoproteins with Lipidigram and Lp(a) levels in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. More precise identification of serum lipoprotein components is needed for presumptive diagnosis of Type III hyperlipoproteinemia disorder and management of the patients. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis is a reliable and accurate method which can be used in clinical laboratory for screening abnormal serum lipoproteins in Type 2 DM patients and when a more presumptive diagnosis of phenotypes is needed, it could be an investigation of choice.
Risk Factors Associated With Clinical Outcomes in 323 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalized Patients in Wuhan, China

BACKGROUND: With evidence of sustained transmission in more than 190 countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic. Data are urgently needed about risk factors associated with clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective review of 323 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan was conducted. Patients were classified into 3 disease severity groups (nonsevere, severe, and critical), based on initial clinical presentation. Clinical outcomes were designated as favorable and unfavorable, based on disease progression and response to treatments. Logistic regression models were performed to identify risk factors associated with clinical outcomes, and log-rank test was conducted for the association with clinical progression. RESULTS: Current standard treatments did not show significant improvement in patient outcomes. By univariate logistic regression analysis, 27 risk factors were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Multivariate regression indicated age >65 years (P < .001), smoking (P = .001), critical disease status (P = .002), diabetes (P = .025), high hypersensitive troponin I (>0.04 pg/mL, P = .02), leukocytosis (>10 × 109/L, P < .001), and neutrophilia (>75 × 109/L, P < .001) predicted unfavorable clinical outcomes. In contrast, the administration of hypnotics was significantly associated with favorable outcomes (P < .001), which was confirmed by survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Hypnotics may be an effective ancillary treatment for COVID-19. We also found novel risk factors, such as higher hypersensitive troponin I, predicted poor clinical outcomes. Overall, our study provides useful data to guide early clinical decision making to reduce mortality and improve clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
Collective Nostalgia and Product Preferences: On the Antecedents of the Domestic Country Bias

Three experiments tested and supported the hypothesis that collective nostalgia— nostalgia that is experienced when one thinks of oneself in terms of a particular social identity or as a member of a particular group and that concerns events or objects related to this group—increases individuals’ ethnocentric preference for ingroup (compared to outgroup) products. Greek participants who recalled collective nostalgic experiences shared with other Greeks (compared to controls) evinced a highly robust preference for Greek (compared to foreign) consumer products. This preference is referred to as domestic country bias. Following a systematic replicate-and-extend strategy, we demonstrated that both idiographic and nomothetic inductions of collective nostalgia increased domestic country bias (Experiment 1), that collective nostalgia increased domestic country bias across different product categories (Experiment 2), and that collective self-esteem mediated the effect of collective nostalgia on domestic country bias and did so independently of positive affect (Experiment 3). We discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Quantifying research on anatomical structures, a potential new metric for assessing clinical relevance

Human anatomy remains an integral part of medical education, and recent studies have documented an emerging consensus on the key anatomical learning objectives for physicians and other health professionals in training, both at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Despite this progress, less attention has been given to assessing the clinical relevance of individual anatomical structures, and which structures students should master to achieve these learning objectives. In this study we hypothesized that published research involving individual anatomical structures is largely driven by the clinical relevance of these structures, and that tabulating the number of such publications can provide an up‐to‐date, evolving metric of clinical relevance. To test this hypothesis, we developed a semi‐automated search routine that uses the PubMed database to quantify the publication frequency of anatomical structures and compared that to a previous study that assessed the importance of structures of the head and neck using the Delphi method, a formal procedure of generating expert consensus. Using our new approach, we were able to rank the research intensity of 2182 anatomical structures included in Grant's Dissector, a widely used textbook for anatomical dissection. Furthermore, a sample of these PubMed‐derived ranks had a highly significant, positive correlation with ranks derived from a consensus of experts. Similar results were obtained when PubMed searches were restricted to journals that focus on applying knowledge in a clinical setting. Our study provides a potential new tool for anatomical educators who are aligning their basic science curricula with the clinical knowledge expected of medical graduates.
Global prevalence of help‐seeking for problem gambling: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Background and Aims Multiple studies have examined barriers and facilitators to help‐seeking, but the prevalence of help‐seeking for problem gambling (PG) is not well established. We aimed to estimate the international prevalence of help‐seeking for PG among the general population and among subgroups of people at risk for PG (i.e. low‐risk, moderate‐risk and PG). Methods Systematic search of grey literature (through gambling repositories, gambling research institutes and Google) and peer‐reviewed literature (through ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus) for gambling prevalence studies that reported on help‐seeking for PG. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses. Studies used representative sampling methods to determine the prevalence of gambling participation and data collection 2010 onward. Twenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria. The main outcome was population prevalence of help‐seeking for PG. Help‐seeking was defined as any intentional action to change gambling behaviours, including professional services (inclusive of in‐person or distance help), non‐professional help (e.g. from family and friends) and self‐help. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explain variability in help‐seeking prevalence estimates. Results Measurement of help‐seeking was inconsistent across included studies and, overall, there was high risk of bias. We estimated a general population help‐seeking prevalence for PG of 0.23% (95% CI, 0.16–0.33). Prevalence estimates were significantly higher in studies assessing lifetime (0.50%; 95% CI, 0.35–0.71) compared with current help‐seeking (0.14%; 95% CI, 0.10–0.20, P < 0.001), but there was no evidence of difference in prevalence estimates by gambling participation, region, type of help‐seeking, or year of data collection. Compared with people with low‐risk gambling (0.27%; 95% CI, 0.07%–1.04%), prevalence estimates were significantly higher in those with moderate‐risk (3.73%; 95% CI, 2.07%–6.63%) and problem gambling (20.63%; 95% CI, 12.89%–31.35%, P < 0.001). Conclusions One in 25 moderate‐risk gamblers and 1 in 5 people with problem gambling have sought help for problems related to their gambling.
The Ovarian/Adnexal Reporting and Data System for Ultrasound: From Standardized Terminology to Optimal Risk Assessment and Management

The American College of Radiology (ACR) Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) lexicon and risk assessment tool for ultrasound (US) provides a framework for characterization of ovarian and adnexal pathology with the ultimate goal of harmonizing reporting and patient management strategies. Since the first O-RADS US publication in 2018, multiple validation studies have shown O-RADS US to have excellent diagnostic accuracy, with the majority of these studies using O-RADS 4 as the optimal cut-off for detecting ovarian cancer. Most of the existing validation studies include a dedicated training phase and confirm that ORADS US categories and lexicon descriptors are associated with high level inter-read agreement, regardless of radiologist training level or practice experience. O-RADS US has a similar inter-reader agreement when compared to Gynecologic Imaging Reporting and Data System (GIRADS), Assessment of Different Neoplasias in the adnexa (ADNEX), and International Tumor Analysis Group (IOTA) simple rules. System descriptors have been shown to correlate with expected malignancy rates and the O-RADS US risk stratification system has been shown to perform in the expected range of malignancy risk per category. Further directions will focus on clarifying governing concepts and lexicon terminology as well as further refining risk stratification categories based on data from published validation studies.
Auxetic metamaterials and structures: a review

Materials and structures with negative Poisson’s ratio exhibit a counter-intuitive behaviour. Under uniaxial compression (tension), these materials and structures contract (expand) transversely. The materials and structures that possess this feature are also termed as ‘auxetics’. Many desirable properties resulting from this uncommon behaviour are reported. These superior properties offer auxetics broad potential applications in the fields of smart filters, sensors, medical devices and protective equipment. However, there are still challenging problems which impede a wider application of auxetic materials. This review paper mainly focuses on the relationships among structures, materials, properties and applications of auxetic metamaterials and structures. The previous works of auxetics are extensively reviewed, including different auxetic cellular models, naturally observed auxetic behaviour, different desirable properties of auxetics, and potential applications. In particular, metallic auxetic materials and a methodology for generating 3D metallic auxetic materials are reviewed in details. Although most of the literature mentions that auxetic materials possess superior properties, very few types of auxetic materials have been fabricated and implemented for practical applications. Here, the challenges and future work on the topic of auxetics are also presented to inspire prospective research work. This review article covers the most recent progress of auxetic metamaterials and auxetic structures. More importantly, several drawbacks of auxetics are also presented to caution researchers in the future study.
Reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5)

Objectives and methods In order to assess the internal consistency, fit indexes, test-retest reliability, and validity of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and its associations with age, gender, and education, 471 non-clinical (69,6% female; mean age: 37,63) and 314 clinical participants (69,7% female, mean age: 37,41) were administered the Hungarian translation of the PID-5, as well as the SCL-90-R and the SCID-II Personality Questionnaire. Results We found that; (a) temporal consistency of the Hungarian PID-5 was confirmed by one-month test-retest reliability analysis, (b) validity of the PID-5 instrument is acceptable in the clinical and the non-clinical sample as well, based on significant correlations with SCID-II and SCL-90-R, (c) PID-5 facets’ and domains’ associations with gender, age, and level of education are in accordance with previous findings. Conclusion These findings support that the Hungarian PID-5 is a reliable and valid instrument for both clinical and non-clinical populations.
Smooth one-dimensional topological field theories are vector bundles with connection

We prove that smooth 1-dimensional topological field theories over a manifold are the same as vector bundles with connection. The main novelty is our definition of the smooth 1-dimensional bordism category, which encodes cutting laws rather than gluing laws. We make this idea precise through a smooth generalization of Rezk's complete Segal spaces. With such a definition in hand, we analyze the category of field theories using a combination of descent, a smooth version of the 1-dimensional cobordism hypothesis, and standard differential geometric arguments.
Observations on the cytomorphology and ultrastructure of the peripheral blood cells of native cattle (Zobawng) of Mizoram, India

This study aims to characterize the cytomorphology and ultrastructure of blood cells of native cattle of Mizoram. Twelve numbers of blood samples (10 ml) were collected from the Zobawng cattle, irrespective of sex. Blood smears were prepared and stained with different stains for cytomorphological study. The standard protocol has been followed for preparing blood samples for electron microscopy. Under a light microscope, erythrocytes of cattle were non‐nucleated and round. The neutrophils were round, and the cytoplasm contained cytoplasmic granules. The eosinophils were rounded in outline with distinct cytoplasmic granules. The presence of basophils was infrequent with distinct blue color cytoplasmic granules. Small, medium, and large types of lymphocytes were recorded. The monocytes were round to oval in outline. Platelets were irregular to round. The reticulocytes were recorded occasionally, like small blue thin rods or granules. The cytoplasm and nucleus of granulocytes fluoresced greenish‐yellow and red, respectively, with supravital stain. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the erythrocytes appeared as biconcave discs. Different leukocytes were observed with their finger‐like, plate‐like, and narrow cell processes on their surface. Platelets were irregular structures. In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the erythrocytes appeared anucleated biconcave elongated, neutrophils were roughly rounded with small cytoplasmic processes, and eosinophils were roughly circular with small cytoplasmic processes, the basophils were roughly circular with oval to elongated cytoplasmic granules, lymphocytes were roughly circular with centrally placed well‐marked oval indented nucleus and some cytoplasmic processes, monocytes appeared spherical with long thick cytoplasmic processes and the non‐nucleated platelets appeared roughly round to elongated.