Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eﬀect of Roy’s Adaptation Model on the Care Burden of Mothers of Children Under Chemotherapy (A Quasi-Experimental Study)

Background: Cancerisoneof thecommondiseasesinchildhood,thediagnosisof whichshocksparents,especiallymothers. Mean-while, parents’ adaptation to the disease reduces complications and problems. Objectives: Therefore,thisstudywasaimedatexploringtheimpactof Royadaptationmodeloncareburdeninmothersof children under chemotherapy. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 36 mothers of children under chemotherapy who had referred to the oncologywardof TaleghaniHospital,Gorgan,in2018. Randomsamplingwascarriedoutforbothcontrolandexperimentalgroups. TheexperimentalgroupreceivedatrainingprogrambasedonRoyadaptationmodelduringsevensessionsoverafour-weekperiod. Data were collected using the Caregiver’s Burden Scale (CBS) devised by Elmstahl. The results were analyzed in SPSS-18 using independent and paired t tests as well as covariance test at the signiﬁcance level of P < 0.05. Results: The means of care burden before the intervention in the experimental and control groups were respectively 70.44 ± 7.04 and67.11 ± 6.54. Theindependent t testdidnotrevealanysigniﬁcantdiﬀerenceinthisregard(P=0.15). However,aftertheinterven-tion, the mean of care burden signiﬁcantly diﬀered between the experimental (50.94 ± 4.58) and control (70.88 ± 5.13) groups, as conﬁrmed by independent t test (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the results, deploying the care program based on Roy adaptation model is an eﬀective, low-cost, and non-invasive nursing intervention for mothers of children with cancer.
Hybrid ensemble-variational data assimilation in ABC-DA within a tropical framework

Abstract. Hybrid ensemble-variational data assimilation (DA) methods have gained significant traction in recent years. These methods aim to alleviate the limitations and maximise the advantages offered by ensemble or variational methods. Most existing hybrid applications focus on the mid-latitudinal context; almost none have explored its benefits in the tropical context. In this article, hybrid ensemble-variational DA is introduced to a tropical configuration of a simplified non-hydrostatic convective-scale fluid dynamics model (the ABC model, named after its three key parameters: the pure gravity wave frequency A, the controller of the acoustic wave speed B, and the constant of proportionality between pressure and density perturbations C), and its existing variational framework, the ABC-DA system. The hybrid ensemble-variational DA algorithm is developed based on the alpha control variable approach, often used in numerical weather prediction. Aspects of the algorithm such as localisation (used to mitigate sampling error caused by finite ensemble sizes) and weighting parameters (used to weight the ensemble and climatological contributions to the background error covariance matrix) are implemented. To produce the flow-dependent error modes (ensemble perturbations) for the ensemble-variational DA algorithm, an ensemble system is also designed for the ABC model which is run alongside the hybrid DA system. A random field perturbations method is used to generate an initial ensemble which is then propagated using the ensemble bred vectors method. This setup allows the ensemble to be centred on the hybrid control analysis. Visualisation software has been developed to focus on the diagnosis of the ensemble system. To demonstrate the hybrid ensemble-variational DA in the ABC-DA system, sensitivity tests using observing system simulation experiments are conducted within a tropical framework. A 30-member ensemble was used to generate the error modes for the experiments. In general, the best performing configuration (with respect to the “truth”) for the hybrid ensemble-variational DA system used an 80%/20% weighting on the ensemble-derived/climatological background error covariance matrix contributions. For the horizontal wind variables though, full weight on the ensemble-derived background error covariance matrix (100%/0%) resulted in the smallest cycle-averaged analysis root mean square errors, mainly due to large errors in the meridional wind field when contributions from the climatological background error covariance matrix were involved, possibly related to a sub-optimal background error covariance model. The ensemble bred vectors method propagated a healthy-looking DA-centred ensemble without bimodalities or evidence of filter collapse. The ensemble was under-dispersive for some variables but for others, the ensemble spread approximately matched the corresponding root mean square errors. Reducing the number of ensemble members led to slightly larger errors across all variables due to the introduction of larger sampling errors into the system.
The Addition of Chitosan to GnRH Analog Induces Ovarian Resumption and Improves Conception Rates in Buffaloes

During hot season, female buffaloes suffer from ovarian inactivity due to hormonal insufficiency. Therefore, impaired reproductive efficiency causes low productivity of female buffaloes. The present study aimed to compare the effect of chitosan and/or insulin addition to GnRH analog during modified Ovsync program on ovarian response and pregnancy establishment in postpartum anestrous buffaloes during low breeding during the summer season. This study was carried out in buffaloes (N=135) suffering from ovarian inactivity during the summer season. The animals were divided into three treated equal groups, i.e., Group (1) basic Ovsync protocol, Group (2) insulin-sync protocol, and Group (3) chitosan-sync protocol. Blood samples were analyzed for progesterone, estradiol, and insulin concentrations before and after treatment. Follicular dynamics were studied through transrectal scanning of the ovaries. The results revealed that administration of insulin to GnRH analog (G2) significantly increased the diameter of the largest follicle and improved the conception rate compared to basic Ovsync protocol (G1). The addition of chitosan to GnRH analog (G3) caused a significant increase in the estrous induction rates (86.6%), increased the size of the largest follicle (p<0.05), and improved conception rates (76.9%) compared to basic Ovsync protocol (G1). Serum progesterone concentrations increased after treatment (p<0.05) in all groups indicating the resumption of ovarian activity. In addition, serum estradiol concentration increased after treatment in G2 and G3 (p<0.05) compared to G1. Therefore, we conclude that the addition of chitosan to GnRH analog induces ovarian resumption and improves conception rates. Subsequently, chitosan-sync protocol can be used in the treatment of the great infertility problem of postpartum anestrous during summer season in buffaloes. Furthermore, this protocol avoids the repeated injection of the animal as in insulin-sync protocol, so that protect the animal from more injection pains in addition to the decreases cost and duration of treatment.
M ORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF P INUS FLEXILIS (P INACEAE ), A BIRD - DISPERSED PINE , ACROSS A RANGE OF ELEVATIONS 1

Limber pine ( Pinus ﬂexilis James) grows across a wider range of elevations than any other tree species in the central Rockies, from (cid:59) 1600 m at Pawnee Buttes to (cid:46) 3300 m at Rollins Pass. In this study we investigated two possible explanations for limber pine’s success across a broad range of elevations: (1) the sites on which it is found, although separated by (cid:46) 1000 m elevation, may not be very different with respect to environmental factors that affect tree growth, and (2) limber pine growth is insensitive to environmental factors that change with elevation. We compared site characteristics of 12 limber pine stands at elevations ranging from 1630 to 3328 m as well as the growth and morphology of trees in each of these stands. Mean daily air temperature in July decreased linearly with the elevation of the site from 22.8 (cid:56) to 12.6 (cid:56) C. The growth and morphology of limber pine leaves, shoots, and trees were, in general, not related to the elevation or July mean air temperature of the sites. There was, however, a signiﬁcant decrease in stomatal density with increasing elevation, which may be an acclimational response to restrict water loss at high elevations. Our data suggest that the fundamental and realized niche of limber pine is broad with respect to air temperature. In light of the high gene ﬂow and only slight genetic differentiation among populations of species with bird-dispersed seeds, such as limber pine, it is especially unusual to see similar growth throughout an environmental gradient. Physiological and anatomical plasticity or wide physiological tolerance ranges may enable limber pine to uncouple its growth from its environment.
Application of a High ‐ Resolution Distributed Hydrological Model on a U.S. ‐ Canada Transboundary Basin: Simulation of the Multiyear Mean Annual Hydrograph and 2011 Flood of the Richelieu River Basin

During spring 2011, an extreme ﬂ ood occurred along the Richelieu River located in southern Quebec, Canada. The Richelieu River is the last section of the complex Richelieu basin, which is composed of the large Lake Champlain located in a valley between two large mountains. Previous attempts in reproducing the Richelieu River ﬂ ow relied on the use of simpli ﬁ ed lumped models and showed mixed results. In order to prepare a tool to assess accurately the change of ﬂ ood recurrences in the future, a state ‐ of ‐ the ‐ art distributed hydrological model was applied over the Richelieu basin. The model setup comprises several novel methods and data sets such as a very high resolution river network, a modern calibration technique considering the net basin supply of Lake Champlain, a new optimization algorithm, and the use of an up ‐ to ‐ date meteorological data set to force the model. The results show that the hydrological model is able to satisfactorily reproduce the multiyear mean annual hydrograph and the 2011 ﬂ ow time series when compared with the observed river ﬂ ow and an estimation of the Lake Champlain net basin supply. Many factors, such as the quality of the meteorological forcing data, that are affected
A Randomized Prospective Study on Interlay Vs Underlay of Type I Tympanoplasty in Remote Tertiary Center

Background: Type I tympanoplasty is a surgical technique used to restore the integrity of tympanic membrane as well as improve the hearing in inactive mucosal chronic otitis media. There are two main methods that are underlay and overlay in between both is interlay. The aim of the present study is to analyse and compare the results of the two most commonly used type I tympanoplasty techniques, underlay and the interlay technique in chronic otitis media with mucosal disease in large central perforation, in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement. Subjects and Methods: This is a randomized prospective study of 100 cases of inactive mucosal chronic otitis media with total or large anterior central perforation between October2017 to September 2019 in Anugarah Narayan Magadh Medical College & Hospital, Gaya. Half had gone through Interlay and half by Underlay technique of Type I Tympanoplasy surgery. Results: The graft uptake rate in this study was 96% and 90% for Interlay and Underlay technique respectively. Postoperatively mean air bone gap maximally reduced in the Interlay technique. Conclusion: The present study showed that Interlay method had better graft uptake rate as well as hearing improvement in total and large anterior central perforation of inactive mucosal chronic otitis media than the Underlay technique.
BiGrad: Differentiating through Bilevel Optimization Programming

Integrating mathematical programming, and in particular Bilevel Optimization Programming, within deep learning architectures has vast applications in various domains from machine learning to engineering. Bilevel programming is able to capture complex interactions when two actors have conflicting objectives. Previous approaches only consider single-level programming. In this paper, we thus propose Differentiating through Bilevel Optimization Programming (BiGrad) as approach for end-to-end learning of models that use Bilevel Programming as a layer. BiGrad has wide applicability and it can be used in modern machine learning frameworks. We focus on two classes of Bilevel Programming: continuous and combinatorial optimization problems. The framework extends existing approaches of single level optimization programming. We describe a class of gradient estimators for the combinatorial case which reduces the requirements in term of computation complexity; for the continuous variables case the gradient computation takes advantage of push-back approach (i.e. vector-jacobian product) for an efficient implementation. Experiments suggest that the proposed approach successfully extends existing single level approaches to Bilevel Programming.
The French Human Mortality Database

Political and societal debates about territorial disparities are numerous in France. However, historical data to inform these debates are often lacking. This study aims to fill some of these gaps by making available on a dedicated website the statistics of mortality by age and sex at the regional level in France from 1901 to 2020. It is based on the exhaustive collection and digitization of population movement (births and deaths by age) and census data (populations by age) in the French departments, as well as on the data about both military and deportation mortality during the two World Wars. The methodology used is mainly the one used to build the national lifetables available in the Human Mortality Database. This new database will be updated annually to incorporate the most recent mortality data. It completes a limited statistical offer on the dynamics of mortality at the local level in developed countries. *Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques, florian.bonnet@ined.fr †Paris School of Economics & CNRS, hdalbis@psemail.eu 1
Quality of liver biopsies taken in ten hospitals of Bogotá

Introduction: Liver biopsy is the gold-standard test for the diagnosis of diseases involving the liver. An adequate sample and an accurate reading of the report are key to determine the use-fulness of the test and its impact on decision-making. Objective: To assess the quality of liver biopsies based on the frequency of a “definitive diagnosis” in their report and their association with the number of portal spaces and reported length. Materials and methods: Record-based retrospective observational study, from January 1, 2010, to July 30, 2017. A review of the medical records of patients who underwent liver biopsy was performed, and the pathology result was evaluated. Results: 659 pathology reports from 10 hospitals were included. The percentage of portal space reporting varied between 15% and 87.4%. The median biopsy length was 15mm (IQR: 10-20) and the median number of portal spaces was 10 (IQR: 7-15). Definitive diagnoses were between 35% and 69%, probable diagnoses between 25% and 63%, and no diagnosis between 5% and 31.8%. The logistic regression of the diagnosis and a univariate analysis found that the number of portal spaces had an OR of 1.12 (95%CI: 1.05-1.19), while length had an OR of 1.74 (95%CI: 1.06-2.87). The multivariate analysis showed that the number of portal spaces is significant [OR: 1.12 (95%CI:1.02 to 1.22), p = 0.011]. Conclusions: In Bogotá, there are 3 hospitals with adequate pre-analytical quality of liver biopsies and definitive diagnoses above 60%, which in this series is associated with the presence of a cylinder of liver tissue of adequate length and the number of portal spaces. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of portal spaces is significant. The importance of the experience and training of the pathologist who evaluates the biopsy is stressed.
Big five personality traits, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention A configurational approach

Purpose – The literature considers the big five personality traits and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) to be important individual-level factors that determine entrepreneurial intention. However, little is known about the profiles of personal characteristics of individuals who express a high level of entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of personal characteristics that contribute to new business start-up intention. Design/methodology/approach – Using survey data from two samples, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis ( fsQCA) was performed to extract patterns of personal characteristics (i.e. the big five personality traits and ESE) that impact entrepreneurial intention. Findings – The outcomes of the analyses demonstrate that a high level of entrepreneurial intention can be realized through multiple configurations of the big five personality traits and ESE. Practical implications – This paper can inform practice on entrepreneurship education. Specifically, the paper includes implications for the development of ESE, and for understanding multiple configurations of personal characteristics that lead to a high level of entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value – This paper addresses an identified need to understand how personal characteristics operate conjointly and among individuals.
Vitamin D Receptor Expression, 24-Hydroxylase Activity, and Inhibition of Growth by la,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Seven Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Lines1

Although prostatic cancer is often viewed as an androgen-dependent malignancy, a number of other hormones including la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [Ia,25(OH)2D3J are now recognized to modulate its growth and differentiated phenotype. Seven different continuous human prostatic carcinoma cell lines were examined for the presence of biologically active receptors for la,25(OH)2D3. All seven lines were found to contain mRNA for the vitamin D receptor using an RNase protection assay. Six of the seven cell lines were found to have high-affinity saturable binding sites for la,25(OH)2D3. The seventh line was found to contain vitamin D receptors by sucrose gradient analysis. All seven lines were found to express 24hydroxyhase activity by a HPLC assay that measures the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 24,25-dihydroxyvita-nun D3. 24Hydroxylase activity was up-regulated in all seven cell lines by preincubation with la,25(OH)2D3. In the presence of fetal bovine serum, the growth of four of the seven cell lines was inhibited. In the majority of cell lines growth inhibition only to the number of receptors per cell, but in inverse proportion to the 24-hydroxylase activity of each cell line. The ubiquitous presence of vitamin D receptor and 24-hydroxylase activity in human prostatic carcinoma cells suggests new alternatives for the pharmacological treatment of advanced prostatic cancer and implies that chemoprevention strategies could also make use of this endocrine axis.
A quantitative cellular automaton model of multicellular spheroid tumour growth

We report numerical results from a two dimensional Cellular Automaton (CA) model describing the dynamics of the in vitro cultivated multicellular spheroid obtained from EMT6/Ro (mammary carcinoma) cell line. Significantly, the CA model relaxes the often assumed one-to-one correspondence between cells and CA sites so as to correctly model the peripheral mitotic boundary region, and to enable the study of necrosis in large avascular tumours. By full calibration and scaling to available experimental data, the model produces with good accuracy experimentally comparable data on a range of bulk tumour kinetics and necrosis measures. Our main finding is that the metabolic production of H+ ions is not sufficient to cause central necrosis prior to the sub-viable nutrient-deficient stage of tumour development being reached. Thus, the model suggests that an additional process is required to explain the experimentally observable onset of necrosis prior to the non-viable nutrient-deficient point being reached.
Keep Calm and Carry On: Projected Case Burden and Duration of the 2022 Monkeypox Outbreak in Non-endemic Countries

We report the estimated size and duration of a monkeypox outbreak in a simulated population of 50 million people with socio-economic -and demographic characteristics typical of a high-income, European country. Seeding an individual-based model with 3, 30, 300 primary cases, we estimate that, without public health emergency interventions, this could lead to a median of 18, 118, and 402 of additional secondary cases, respectively; similarly, the median duration of these outbreaks for these three scenarios would be 23, 37, and 37 weeks, respectively. We also estimate that contact tracing and isolation of symptomatic cases, or contact tracing, isolation of symptomatic cases and ring vaccination of the primary case contacts would substantially reduce the median size of outbreaks by 66.1-88.6% and median duration by 60.8-75.6%.
Footprint of Reports From Low- and Low- to Middle-Income Countries in the Neurosurgical Data: A Study From 2015 to 2017

- OBJECTIVE: In 2015, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery highlighted the disparities in surgical care worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the research productivity of low-income countries (LICs) and low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) in selected journals representing the worldwide neurosurgical data and their ability to report and communicate globally the existing differences between high-income countries (HICs) and LMICs. - METHODS: We performed a retrospective bibliometric analysis using PubMed and Scopus databases to record all the reports from 2015 to 2017 by investigators affiliated with neurosurgical departments in LICs and LMICs. - RESULTS: A total of 8459 reports by investigators self-identified as members of neurosurgery departments worldwide were identified. Of these, 6708 reports were included in accordance with our method in the final analysis. The systematic search resulted in 459 studies reported by LICs and LMICs. Of these, 334 reports were included for the full text evaluation. Of the 6708 reports, 303 (4.52%) had been reported with an LMIC affiliation and only 31 (0.46%) with an LIC. The leading countries were India with 182 (54.5% among LMICs and LICs; 2.71% overall), followed by Egypt at 66 (19.76% among the LMICs and LICs; 0.98% overall), with a large difference compared with other countries such as Uganda at 9 (2.69% among the LMICs and LICs) and Tunisia and Pakistan at 8 each (2.4% among the LMICs and LICs). A few reports studies had been generated by collaboration with HIC neurosurgeons. - CONCLUSIONS: Our results have shown that research studies from LMICs are underrepresented.