Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Papermaking potential of Acacia dealbata and Acacia melanoxylon

The pulping and papermaking potential of Acacia dealbata and Acacia melanoxylon were studied using Eucalyptus globulus as a reference. Pulp yield, alkali consumption and delignification in the kraft process, of both species, compare very well with the reference. Pulp yield can be higher than that of E. globulus and the residual lignin content lower after cooking, which is in good agreement with the lower lignin and extractives content of the wood samples used. Pulps produced from Acacia have slightly lower fibre length and coarseness and higher fibre width and wet fibre flexibility than E. globulus pulps. As a consequence of fibre characteristics, the paper produced from Acacia is denser and exhibits higher tensile and burst strength, and lower tear resistance than that from E. globulus, at a given PFI revolution.
Juvenile growth, efficiency and phenotypic correlation of body weight and growth traits of native Nusuri × broiler crosses under intensive management system

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Native Nusuri × Broiler chicks up to 8 weeks of age under intensive system of rearing. Hundred eight (108) day old chicks from a single hatch were divided into three replicate groups of 36 each. Body weights (BW) of all birds were recorded at day-one and at weekly interval up to 8 weeks. The feed consumption was recorded replicate wise on weekly basis. Mortality was recorded daily replicate wise. Linear body measurements were recorded at 8th week of age. The body weight of male and female chicks at 0 day was 39.28 ± 0.25g and 38.91 ± 0.14g and the 8th week body weight was 996.17 ± 1.16g and 790.44 ± 3.74g respectively. In male chicks, the weekly body weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher at all (1st to 8th) age compared to female chicks. The weekly body weight gain increased with increase in age up to 6th week and there after declined. Highest weekly weight gain was observed during 6th week in both male chicks (218.22±1.44g) and female chicks (160.00±0.54g). During 1st week, the FCR and FCE of Native Nusuri × Broiler cross chicks were 1.43±0.02 and 0.70±0.003 respectively. At 8th week, the weekly FCR and FCE values were 2.51±0.13 and 0.40±0.006 respectively. The weekly FCR values increased with advancement of age while the FCE values decreased. At 8th week, the cumulative FCR and FCE values were 1.96±0.06 and 0.40±0.006 respectively. The keel length of males (8.51±0.07cm) was significantly (p≤0.01) higher than those of females (8.05±0.04cm). The body length of males was 31.22±0.34cm, which is significantly (p≤0.05) higher than those of female (29.39±0.32cm). The breast angle of males was found to be 39.21±0.42° which was significantly (p<0.01) than those of females with a mean value of 32.50±0.25°.
Fluorocarbon-based plasma etching of SiO2: Comparison of C4F6/Ar and C4F8/Ar discharges

A gas phase and surface chemistry study of inductively coupled plasmas fed with C4F6/Ar and C4F8/Ar intended for SiO2 etching processes was performed. Adding Ar to those fluorocarbon gases results in a strong increase of the ion current, by up to a factor of 5 at 90% Ar relative to the pure fluorocarbon gases. The fluorocarbon deposition rate is higher for C4F6/Ar than for C4F8/Ar, whereas the fluorocarbon etching rate is lower, and both quantities decrease as the amount of Ar is increased. For both C4F6/Ar and C4F8/Ar, the CF2 density is more than an order of magnitude greater than the CF density. The CF2 partial pressure decreases as more Ar is added to the C4F6/Ar plasmas. A comparison of these data with corresponding results obtained with C4F8/Ar shows that the CF2 partial pressure in C4F6 is higher for Ar-lean gas mixture than for C4F8/Ar. This remains true up to 40% Ar. Above 40% Ar the CF2 partial pressure in C4F8 is higher than for C4F6. The CF and COF2 partial pressures in C4F8 are higher than fo.
A FAST REACTING INTERMEDIATE IN FLASH EXCITED FLAVIN SOLUTION *

In 1938 the phosphorescence of polycrystalline riboflavin was reported,(') showing the existence of a long-lived excited state. Recently, EPR signals of frozen solutions of riboflavin phosphate were measured,c2) proving the commonly held notion that the long-lived excited state is the triplet. In fluid solutions, neither the phosphorescence nor the EPR signal are observed, evidently because the lifetime of the triplet state under these conditions is too short. Analysis of low-intensity experiments on photoreduction and photodegradation of riboflavin phosphatec3) has shown that the triplet state is an intermediate in these processes. Nevertheless, the only transient absorption reported on flash experiments on solutions of lumiflavin, riboflavin and its phosphate is due to the ~emiquinone. (*-~) Evidently, the triplet state disappears very rapidly by reaction with any oxidizable substrate available, if necessary with the ribityl group of the riboflavin molecule itself. Lumiflavin, not containing the ribityl group, should not be reduced in oxygen free solution in the absence of any reducing agent.
Light and Water: Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters

Fundamentals: Radiometry. Photometry. Optical Properties of Water. Radiative Transfer: Across the Surface. Within the Water. Solutions Methods: Monte Carlo Methods. Invariant Imbedding Methods: Introduction. Invariant Imbedding Methods: Solving the RTE. Eigenmatrix Methods. Inverse Methods. Solutions: Underwater Light Fields. Epilogue. Chapter Problems. References.
Ambient Electron Density Derived from Differential Potential Measurements

The potential difference, AV, between a satellite and an electric field probe is well correlated with the ambient electron density, n e , in tenuous plasmas where the potential of the biased electric field probe can be kept close to that of the plasma nearly independently of n e . Hence, A V is approximately equal to the satellite potential V s . On the other hand, V s is very sensitive to n e as long as the satellite is positive with respect to the plasma potential. Therefore A V measurements provide a quite accurate diagnostic method for determining the bulk electron density in tenuous plasmas (i.e., below a few times 10 cm -3 ). We present a numerical analysis of this technique under various plasma conditions. In particular we investigate how well n e is determined from AV measurements when the ambient electron temperature, T e , is not well known. It turns out that this relationship can be described by AV = 0.9 T ph ln(0.15 (a 2 √T ph /I b )n e ) (where I b is the bias current, a is the probe radius, and T ph is the photoelectron temperature).
Development of a dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument for measurement of light absorption and scattering by aerosol and gases

A dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument has been developed for measurement of light absorption and scattering by aerosol and gases. The novel instrumentation allows for in situ measurement of optical properties of atmospheric constituents simultaneously at two wavelengths. Two compact diode lasers, operating at 405 nm and 870 nm, are employed, providing for assessment of spectral variation in aerosol optical properties from near-UV to near-IR wavelengths. Measurements of light scattering by reciprocal nephelometry within the instrument resonator accompany photoacoustic absorption measurements and allow for calculation of extinction. The dual-wavelength photoacoustic builds on previous single-wavelength photoacoustic instrumentation. The theory of instrument operation is described in detail, including separation and measurement of noise from signal and acoustic considerations for single and dual-wavelength absorption measurements. Also described and implemented is a simple method of instrument calibration. The calibration process utilizes NO2 gas, salt aerosol, and kerosene-flame soot aerosol, and so covers a range of optical properties relevant to atmospheric constituents. The dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument was used during the 2006 Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME) to measure optical properties of wood smoke from a variety of biomass fuels. A range of single scattering albedo values was measured for different fuel types, and the spectral dependence of absorption was quantified and parameterized using the Angstrom exponent of absorption. Increased absorption at shorter wavelengths, characterized by an Angstrom exponent greater than one, was found
Syntheses and Reactions of Some 2,5-Disubstituted Pyrazine Monoxides

The reactions of 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine 1-oxide (XI), 2, 5-diethylpyrazine 1-oxide (XIII), 2-methyl-5-phenylpyrazine 1-oxide (XV), and 2-methyl-5-phenylpyrazine 4-oxide (XVI) with phosphoryl chloride or acetic anhydride were studied. 2, 5-Dichloro-3, 6-dimethylpyrazine (III) and 2, 5-dichloro-3, 6-diethylpyrazine (VII) were converted to the diketopiperazines, alanine anhydride (I) and α-aminobutyric anhydride (V), respectively, which were shown to exist in a cis configuration by examination of their PMR spectra.
Polymer Impregnation and Its Effect on the Rupture Properties of Leather

This study investigated the modification of leather rupture properties following impregnation with polyurethane. It was hypothesised that a better polymer - leather interaction would increase strength. Surface properties of leather fibres were altered (using a hydrophobic agent based on a phosphate ester) to more closely match those of the polymer. This resulted in a more even distribution of polymer on the leather fibrils. Application of the hydrophobic agent alone was investigated and optimum offers of the treatments determined. An untreated sample and one impregnated without surface treatment were included as controls. Trouser tear testing was used to assess rupture resistance as well as a stratigraphic tear test which was used to evaluate any changes in peeling properties. An approximately linear relationship between peeling strength and sample split depth was observed which indicated that the grain - corium junction is a gradually changing interface. The surface modification of fibres led to increases in tear strength. Applying polymer to leather with surface modified fibres resulted in further increases in tear strength. Investigation of single fibres determined that no treatments influenced the fibre strength. There was, however, a decrease in the interfacial bond strength between fibre and polymer when surface modification was used. This was related to an increased fibre pull out length for treated samples. Leathers of 11% hydrophobing agent and 10% polyurethane gave the best combination of tear strength and softness. It was concluded that polymer impregnation of hydrophobic leather resulted in a bonded fibre structure. When stress is applied to such leather, fibres debond from the network and disentangle from the fibre structure. Work must be done to overcome surface friction between fibre and polymer. However, there is a balance between (a) interfacial bond strength and friction, and (b) fibre strength. This balance can be manipulated to obtain optimum overall strengthening
Optimization of 2,4 dichlorobiphenyl (PCB Congener) degradation by Pseudomonas spp.

Pseudomonas spp consortium(GSa and GSb) was optimisedto degrade 2,4 dichlorbiphenyl (2,4 CB) in shakeflask culture. The optimisation parameters such as concentrationof the substrates, rotations per minute, effectof substrate, concentration of sodium glutamate, pH,temperature, for degradation of 2,4 dichlorobiphenylwere evaluated. The maximum degradation of 2, 4 CBwas observed under optimised conditions such as 35oC,pH 7, rpm- 130, and the concentration of 2,4 CB was90 ppm. Supplimentation of 0.2% sodium glutamateand Surfactant Tween 80 resulted in highest amount of2,4 CB degradation which was measured spectrophotometrically.The amount of chloride release with increasein biomass was estimated byMohr’s argentometricmethod. Under these optimised conditions the consortiumGSa and GSb had the potential to degrade 2,4 CB, a PCB congener, perhaps a candidate for in-situbioremediation.
A highly selective polybenzimidazole-4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) membrane for high-temperature hydrogen separation

A polymeric gas separation membrane utilizing polybenzimidazole based on 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) was prepared. The synthesized membrane has an effective permeating area of 8.3 cm2 and a thickness of 30 ± 2 µm. Gas permeation properties of the membrane were determined using H2, CO2, CO, and N2 at temperatures ranging from 24°C to 200°C. The PBI-HFA membranes not only exhibited excellent H2 permeability, but it also displayed superior gas separation performance particularly for H2/N2 and H2/CO2. The permeation parameters for both permeability and selectivity [ and α(H2/N2); and α(H2/CO2)] obtained for the new material were found to be dependent on trans-membrane pressure difference as well as temperature, and were found to surpass those reported by Robeson in 2008. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42371.
Quick Response to 2-MIB Episodes Based on Native Population Odor Sensitivity Evaluation

Taste and odor have been a recurring problem for many water utilities. This paper established an optimized strategy to cope with 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) by combining the determination of the control goal according to native population sensitivity and the prediction of the optimum powdered activated carbon (PAC) dose using the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). The results showed that the population in Beijing was very sensitive to 2-MIB. Based on flavor profile analysis result conducted by a local panel, the odor threshold concentration (OTC) for Beijing population was determined to be 7.1ng/L. This value was further certified by the significant odor complaint evaluation using a logit model and set as the control goal for the water treatment plant. According to the OTC level, a 2-MIB removal prediction curve was then constructed for estimating the optimum PAC dose based on the HSDM. This study can provide a practical technical solution for the control of seasonable odor problems in waterworks.
The effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on the adaptive immune response in antigen-induced peritonitis

The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the adaptive immune response have mainly been analysed in vitro with varying results. How omega-3 fatty acids affect the adaptive immune response in vivo is largely unknown. This study examined the effects of dietary fish oil on the adaptive immune response in antigen-induced inflammation in mice. Mice were fed a control diet with or without 2.8% fish oil, immunized twice with methylated BSA (mBSA) and peritonitis induced by intraperitoneal injection of mBSA. Serum, spleen and peritoneal exudate were collected prior to and at different time points after induction of peritonitis. Serum levels of mBSA-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA and the number of peritoneal and splenic lymphocytes by flow cytometry. The levels of germinal center B cells and IgM + , IgG + and CD138 + cells in spleen were evaluated by immunoenzyme staining. Mice fed the fish oil diet had more peritoneal B1 cells, more IgM + cells in spleen and higher levels of serum mBSAspecific IgM antibodies compared with that in mice fed the control diet. However, dietary fish oil did not affect the number of peritoneal B2 cells, splenic IgG + or CD138 + cells, or serum levels of mBSA-
Analysis of cell-process induced changes in multicrystalline silicon

We analyse the effect of individual process steps on the material quality of mc-Si wafers. In addition to the commonly used recombination lifetime, we measure material parameters such as the concentration of interstitial oxygen, and of FeB. We show that such additional variables in the analysis can give much more information and insight into the effect of individual process steps. We have processed ingots from several manufacturers using a fired-through silicon nitride passivation scheme, and analysed several variations of process steps. Main results include i) the temperature dependence of phosphorus gettering; ii) the absence of a clear synergetic effect of co-firing silicon nitride with an aluminium rear side coating; and iii) influence of phosphorus diffusion on subsequent hydrogen passivation.
Infrared Heating for Food and Agricultural Processing

Fundamentals and Theory of Infrared Radiation Soojin Jun, Kathiravan Krishnamurthy, Joseph Irudayaraj, and Ali Demirci Infrared Radiative Properties of Food Materials Griffiths Gregory Atungulu and Zhongli Pan Heat and Mass Transfer Modeling of Infrared Radiation for Heating Fumihiko Tanaka and Toshitaka Uchino Emitters and Infrared Heating System Design Ipsita Das and S.K. Das Infrared Drying Caleb Nindo and Gikuru Mwithiga Combined Infrared and Hot Air Drying Habib Kocabiyik Combined Infrared Radiation and Freeze-Drying Griffiths Gregory Atungulu and Zhongli Pan Vacuum Infrared Drying Chatchai Nimmol and Sakamon Devahastin Infrared Dry Blanching Zhongli Pan and Griffiths Gregory Atungulu Infrared Baking and Roasting Servet Gulum Sumnu and Semin Ozge Ozkoc Infrared Radiation Heating for Food Safety Improvement Kathiravan Krishnamurthy, Soojin Jun, Joseph Irudayaraj, and Ali Demirci Industrial Applications of Infrared Radiation Heating and Economic Benefits in Food and Agricultural Processing Belgin S. Erdogdu, Ibrahim H. Ekiz, Ferruh Erdogdu, Griffiths Gregory Atungulu, and Zhongli Pan
Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry

Some Basic Concepts: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Molecular Models Symmetry Bonding and Structure: Discrete Molecules - Molecular Orbitals Inorganic Solids - Ionic Models Metals, Semiconductors, and Superconductors Chemical Reactions: Acid-Base Oxidation-Reduction Coordination Chemistry: General Principles - Models and Stereochemistry Spectra and Bonding Reaction Mechanisms Organometallic Chemistry: General Principles Metal-Carbon Bonds Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis Selected Topics: Metals - Chemistry And Periodic Trends Chemistry of Some Nonmetals Cluster and Cage Compounds Bioinorganic Chemistry.
Effect of Feeding Fish Oil and Mugwort Pelleted Addition on Meat Quality of Pork

Effect of fish oil and mugwort pelleted on meat quality in 40 pigs was investigated. The pigs were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments : 1) Control (commercial feed 2) T1 (commercial feed supplemented with 1% fish oil and 1% mugwort pelleted 3) T2 (commercial feed supplemented with 1% fish oil and 3% mugwort pelleted) 4) T3 (commercial feed supplemented with 1% fish oil and 5% mugwort pelleted). The weight gain was not significantly difference between control and treatment groups(p value. The hardness and flavor of sensory evaluation were improved by treatments, especially in T2 and T3 (p
EVALUATION OF SOME PHYSICAL–CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT, CASSAVA, MAIZE AND COWPEA FLOURS FOR BREAD MAKING

Both the physical and chemical characteristics of flours affect their quality and the subsequent products from them. The comparative evaluation of particle size, moisture content, bulk density, color, water absorption capacity, pasting viscosity, fat and protein contents of wheat, cassava, maize and cowpea flours were determined using standard methods. Composite breads were produced from 50:30:20, 60:20:20, 70:20:10; 80:10:10, 85:10:5 and 90:5:5 ratio of wheat‐cassava/maize‐cowpea flours, respectively. Breads produced were subjected to sensory and proximate analyses. The particle size, moisture content, bulk density, water absorption capacity, fat and protein contents of wheat, cassava, maize and cowpea flours are as follows: 154‐ 343 mm, 13.3‐14.9% db, 327.4‐497.5 kg/m 3 , 31.9‐221.8 g/g, 1.01‐2.3% and 2.6‐19.39%. Wheat flour had the lowest pasting temperature of 56.1C. Significance differences at P < 0.05 were recorded between most of the properties of the flours. Composite bread of 85% wheat, 10% cassava, 5% cowpea; 90% wheat, 5% cassava, 5% cowpea; and 90% wheat, 5% maize, 5% cowpea were accepted by a sensory evaluation panelist. Substitution with cowpea fruit improved the protein content of the bread.
Role of acidic sites in beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) adsorption by activated carbons: molecular modelling and adsorption–desorption studies

The removal of β-HCH from contaminated water by adsorption on activated carbons is presented. Sugar cane bagasse activated carbons with different textural and surface chemical properties were prepared and characterized for studying the β-HCH adsorption process. The isotherms are correlated by six models, among which the Fowler–Guggenheim/Jovanovic–Freundlich model is found to provide the best fit for two of the studied activated carbons. The isotherm adsorption data were correlated with the surface functional group composition. β-HCH adsorption was favored by the presence of acidic groups at the AC surface of chemically activated carbons. A thorough theoretical exploration of the potential energy surface for the interaction of β-HCH with a graphene sheet alone or containing hydroxyl or carboxyl surface groups was carried out. Molecular modelling results showed that under neutral to slightly acidic conditions only carboxylic surface groups should significantly contribute to β-HCH adsorption, in qualitative agreement with the experimental results. The analysis of the most stable structures suggests that the hydrogen bonds between the axial hydrogens of β-HCH and the charged oxygens of the deprotonated acidic surface groups are the main interactions responsible for the adsorption. This result is confirmed by a Temperature-Programmed Desorption study, showing that β-HCH molecules are associated with carboxylic groups of the AC surface.