Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection, Serum Vitamin D3 Level and Spontaneous Abortion

Background The effects of vitamin D3 (VD3) on pregnancy outcomes remain obscure. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal H. pylori infection, low VD3 level, and spontaneous abortion. Methods This research is conducted in Shahid Ali Qader Consultant Clinic in Sulaimaniyah city in which 100 women with a history of abortion and 100 women with no history of miscarriage were included. Serum detection of anti-H. pyloriIgG, IgA, and VD3 were done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results The mean of VD3, H. pylori IgG, and IgAin patients and control group cases was determined and analyzed statistically. Conclusion H. pylori infection and VD3 play a significant role in early pregnancy loss. Blood group A and O are more prone to spontaneous abortion.
Bacterial Profile and ESBL Screening of Urinary Tract Infection Among Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care of Northeastern Ethiopia Region

Background Urinary tract infection is a common cause of morbidity in pregnant women. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance particularly ESBL production among bacterial uropathogens is increasing and becoming principal cause of treatment failure. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, risk factors and identify ESBL-producing bacterial uropathogens. Patients and Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Northeastern Ethiopia region. A total of 323 pregnant women were included and structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and risk factor-related data. About 10mL freshly voided midstream urine specimen was collected, transported and processed according to standard operating procedures. The data obtained were entered into SPSS version 22 and descriptive statistics, chi-square, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. P-value ≤0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval were considered for statistical significance. Results The overall prevalence of UTI was 15.5% (50/323). The predominant bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli 17 (33.3%) followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci 15 (30.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus 14 (27.5%). Previous history of UTI (AOR=8.824, 95% CI: 3.769,20.654, P<0.001) and history of catheterization (AOR=3.270, 95% CI: 1.316,8.122, P=0.011) were significantly associated with the occurrence of bacterial UTI. Gram-negative isolates showed high level of resistance to ampicillin 12 (60.0%) and relatively low level of resistance to nitrofurantoin 5(25.0%), norfloxacin 5 (25.0%) and ceftazidime 3 (15.0%). Gram-positive uropathogens showed higher resistance for penicillin 29 (93.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 23 (79.3%) whereas all isolates were sensitive 29 (100.0%) to nitrofurantoin. Moreover, multidrug resistance was observed among 41 (80.4%) of the isolates, and 3 (15.8%) of isolated gram-negative bacteria were ESBL producers. Conclusion High prevalence of bacterial UTI and MDR for commonly prescribed drugs were observed with significant number of ESBL producers. Therefore, instant UTI culture assessment of pregnant women, especially those having possible risk factors such as previous histories of UTI and catheterization; moreover, appropriate prescription and use of antibiotics are necessary.
Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults Takes Collaborative Nursing Efforts to Improve

There is a misconception that urinary incontinence (UI) in older adults, usually above the age of 65 is a part of aging. More than 50% of residents in long-term care (LTC) settings are affected by UI and it is associated in many cases with markedly reduced quality of life. It has become evident that incontinence can be cured or successfully managed. However, many nurses lack sufficient knowledge to intervene appropriately. The purpose of this review is to share how the collaborative efforts of nurses at all levels may lead to increased assessment and interventions of UI in this population.
Clinical Course and Outcomes of Severe Covid-19: A National Scale Study

Knowledge of the outcomes of critically ill patients is crucial for health and government officials who are planning how to address local outbreaks. The factors associated with outcomes of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who required treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU) are yet to be determined. Methods: This was a retrospective registry-based case series of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 who were referred for ICU admission and treated in the ICUs of the 13 participating centers in Israel between 5 March and 27 April 2020. Demographic and clinical data including clinical management were collected and subjected to a multivariable analysis; primary outcome was mortality. Results: This study included 156 patients (median age = 72 years (range = 22–97 years)); 69% (108 of 156) were male. Eighty-nine percent (139 of 156) of patients had at least one comorbidity. One hundred three patients (66%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. As of 8 May 2020, the median length of stay in the ICU was 10 days (range = 0–37 days). The overall mortality rate was 56%; a multivariable regression model revealed that increasing age (OR = 1.08 for each year of age, 95%CI = 1.03–1.13), the presence of sepsis (OR = 1.08 for each year of age, 95%CI = 1.03–1.13), and a shorter ICU stay(OR = 0.90 for each day, 95% CI = 0.84–0.96) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: In our case series, we found lower mortality rates than those in exhausted health systems. The results of our multivariable model suggest that further evaluation is needed of antiviral and antibacterial agents in the treatment of sepsis and secondary infection.
Evidence-Based Clinical Review on Cardiovascular Benefits of SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2) Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, there has been an increasing endorsement from diabetic associations across the globe for the use of anti-diabetic drugs, which not only provide not only glycemic control but also have cardioprotective effects. Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are one class of drugs that have shown evidence of CV benefits in patients with type 2 DM. We reviewed the published literature and found five adequately powered clinical trials that evaluated the CV effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 DM patients. These trials assessed the CV effect of three SGLT2 inhibitors, namely, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin. It was found that all these clinical trials were multi-centric and conducted in and after 2015 across different parts of the World, enrolling type 2 DM patients with varied baseline characteristics in terms of age, BMI, sex, glomerular filtration rate, history of existing renal diseases, etc. In spite of these differences, the SGLT2 drugs were found to be beneficial by significantly reducing all-cause mortality, mortality due to CV causes, and risk of major CV events. All the studies highlighted the cardioprotective effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors, especially empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and canagliflozin in type 2 DM patients with established CV disease, but the studies could not find significant improvement in 3P-MACE (three-point major adverse CV event) indicators offered by these drugs except empagliflozin. Hence, adequately powered clinical trials with long follow-up durations are the need of the hour to address this issue specifically.
Chronic ethanol consumption and HBV induce abnormal lipid metabolism through HBx/SWELL1/arachidonic acid signaling and activate Tregs in HBV-Tg mice

Rationale: Chronic ethanol consumption as a public health problem worldwide boosts the development of chronic liver diseases in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. Arachidonic acid metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activates regulatory T cells (Tregs) function. Here, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanism by which chronic ethanol consumption enriches the HBV-induced abnormal lipid metabolism and Tregs. Methods: The si-RNAs were used to weaken the expression of SWELL1 in HepG2, HepG2.2. 15 and K180 cancer cell lines, followed by RNA sequencing from HepG2 cells. Arachidonic acid metabolite PGE2 and LTD4 were measured by ELISA assay in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were used to examine HBx and SWELL1 and transcriptional factor Sp1 in clinical HCC samples and cell lines. The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on Tregs was tested by flow cytometry in HBV-Tg mice. The splenic Tregs were collected and analyzed by RNA sequencing. Results: The cooperative effect of ethanol and HBV in abnormal lipid metabolism was observed in vivo and in vitro. The depression of SWELL1 (or HBx) resulted in the reduction of lipid content and arachidonic acid metabolite, correlating with suppression of relative gene atlas. Ethanol and SWELL1 elevated the levels of PGE2 or LTD4 in the liver of mice and cell lines. Interestingly, the ethanol modulated abnormal lipid metabolism through activating HBx/Sp1/SWELL1/arachidonic acid signaling. Chronic ethanol consumption remarkably increased the population of PBL Tregs and splenic Tregs in HBV-Tg mice, consistently with the enhanced expression of PD-L1 in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, RNA-seq data showed that multiple genes were altered in the transcriptomic atlas of Tregs sorting from ethanol-fed mice or HBV-Tg mice. Conclusion: The chronic ethanol intake enriches the HBV-enhanced abnormal lipid metabolism through HBx/SWELL1/arachidonic acid signaling and activates Tregs in mice.
A Comparative Study of Mid-infrared Star Formation Rate Tracers and Their Metallicity Dependence

We present a comparative study of a set of star formation rate (SFR) tracers based on mid-infrared emission in the 12.81 μm [Ne ii] line, the 15.56 μm [Ne iii] line, and emission features from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) between 5.2 and 14.7 μm. We calibrate our tracers with the thermal component of the radio continuum emission at 33 GHz from 33 extranuclear star-forming regions observed in nearby galaxies. Correlations between mid-IR emission features and thermal 33 GHz SFRs show significant metallicity-dependent scatter and offsets. We find similar metallicity-dependent trends in commonly used SFR tracers such as Hα and 24 μm. As seen in previous studies, PAH emission alone is a poor SFR tracer owing to a strong metallicity dependence: lower-metallicity regions show decreased PAH emission relative to their SFR compared to higher-metallicity regions. We construct combinations of PAH bands, neon emission lines, and their respective ratios to minimize metallicity trends. The calibrations that most accurately trace SFR with minimal metallicity dependence involve the sum of the integrated intensities of the 12.81 μm [Ne ii] line and the 15.56 μm [Ne iii] line combined with any major PAH feature normalized by dust continuum emission. This mid-IR calibration is a useful tool for measuring SFR, as it is minimally sensitive to variations in metallicity and is composed of bright, ubiquitous emission features. The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope will detect these features from galaxies as far as redshift z ∼ 1. We also investigate the behavior of the PAH band ratios and find that subtracting the local background surrounding a star-forming region decreases the ratio of PAH 11.3 μm to 7.7 μm emission. This implies that PAHs are more ionized in star-forming regions relative to their surroundings.
Residual effects of short-term treatments with high CO2 on the ripening of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) fruit

SummaryCherimoya fruit were stored in air, or in a combination of 10% O2 and 10, 15 or 20% CO2, at 8°C and 98% relative humidity. After 3, 6, and 9 d, fruit were ripened at 20°C to study the residual effects of treatments. Air storage progressively increased the ethylene production and reduced the days to ripen with respect to control fruit directly held at 20°C. As compared with air, the treatments with CO2 reduced both the increase in ethylene production and rate of softening (especially of the skin) at 20°C, and delayed fruit ripening. No marked effect of either treatment was found in the respiration rate and sugar accumulation during ripening, with maxima similar to those of control fruit. While some decrease in acidity with longer storage was found in ripe cherimoyas, only those treated with 20% CO2 for 9 d showed unacceptable quality, due to bitterness. The treatment with 20% CO2 can prolong the shelf-life of cherimoyas up to 1.5 d.
Observational Evidence for Rotational Desorption of Complex Molecules by Radiative Torques from Orion BN/KL

Complex organic molecules (COMs) are believed to form in the ice mantle of dust grains and are released to the gas by thermal sublimation when grain mantles are heated to temperatures of Td≳100K . However, some COMs are detected in regions with temperatures below 100 K. Recently, a new mechanism of rotational desorption due to centrifugal stress induced by radiative torques (RATs) was proposed by Hoang & Tram (2020) that can desorb COMs at low temperatures. In this paper, we report observational evidence for rotational desorption of COMs toward the nearest massive star-forming region, Orion BN/KL. We compare the abundance of three representative COMs that have very high binding energy computed by the rotational desorption mechanism with observations by ALMA, and demonstrate that the rotational desorption mechanism can explain the existence of such COMs. We also analyze the polarization data from SOFIA/HAWC+ and JCMT/SCUBA-2 and find that the polarization degree at far-infrared/submillimeter decreases with increasing the grain temperature for Td≳71K . This is consistent with the theoretical prediction using the RAT alignment theory and Radiative Torque Disruption mechanism. Such an anticorrelation between dust polarization and dust temperature supports the rotational disruption as well as rotational desorption mechanism of COMs induced by RATs.
Successful Treatment of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis with Dalbavancin

Introduction: Dalbavancin is a new antibiotic against multi-drug resistant Gram (+) bacteria. Dalbavancin has an extremely long half-life. Current indication is skin and soft tissue infections (ABSSSI), but researchers have successfully administered it off-label to osteomyelitis (OM) patients. Aim: We present a case of successful treatment of diabetic foot (DF) OM. Case report: A 53-year-old male presented to our DF clinic, with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus, with very bad glycaemic control (HbA1c=12,5%). He had diabetic neuropathy, but no peripheral arteriopathy. Two months before, because of an accident with hot water, he presented left foot ulcer, followed by ABSSSI and 1st toe and 1st metatarsal OM (plain x-ray findings). A multi-drug resistant Enterococcus faecium was isolated in cultures and a targeted treatment with tigecycline and daptomycin was administered. The patient also received 1,5 gr dalbavancin upon discharge. 2 weeks later, he continued treatment at home with linezolid and tedizolid. A complete medical record with patient’s history, informed consent and relative literature was sent to Greek National Health Care Organization (EOPYY), requesting administering off-label another 1,5 gr dalbavancin. In the meanwhile, he was admitted for iv tigecyclin, and continued treatment with linezolid at home. He finally received a second dose of 1,5 g dalbavancin. Patient received totally 14 weeks’ targeted therapy, mostly off-hospital. When he completed treatment, foot was in excellent condition and x-ray had significantly improved. Conclusion: Dalbavancin, due to its extremely long half-life, could potentially be the drug of choice for OM caused by multi-drug resistant Gram (+) cocci, in order to avoid hospitalization, especially on non-complient patients. Further research is necessary.
In silico analyzing the molecular interactions of plant-derived inhibitors against E6AP, p53, and c-Myc binding sites of HPV type 16 E6 oncoprotein

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of strong human carcinogen viruses considered to be the fourth leading cause of mortality among women in the world. HPV is the most important cause of cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer in women living in low and middle-income countries. To date, there is no effective cure for an ongoing HPV infection; therefore, it is required to investigate anticancer drugs against this life-threatening infection. In this study, we collected more than 100 plant-derived compounds with anti-cancer and antiviral potentials from a variety of papers. Smile formats of these compounds (ligand), were harvested from PubChem database and examined based on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties by programs such as Swiss ADME, admetSAR, and pkCSM. Twenty compounds, which were likely to be the HPV16E6 inhibitor, were selected for docking calculations. We examined these natural inhibitors against the HPV16 E6 oncogenic protein. Eventually, three of these compounds were used as the most potent inhibitors (Ginkgetin (peculiarly), Hypericin and Apigetrin) were probably used as the possible source of cancer treatment caused by E6 oncoprotein. In this research, we conducted the docking calculations by Autodock 4.2. 6 software. Docking analysis showed the interaction of these plant-originated inhibitors with E6AP, p53, and Myc binding sites on the E6 oncoprotein which support the normal function of E6AP, p53, and Myc.
Modulation of Determinant Factors to Improve Therapeutic Combinations with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have shown their superiority over conventional therapies to treat some cancers. ICPi are effective against immunogenic tumors. However, patients with tumors poorly infiltrated with immune cells do not respond to ICPi. Combining ICPi with other anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, or vaccines, which can stimulate the immune system and recruit antitumor T cells into the tumor bed, may be a relevant strategy to increase the proportion of responding patients. Such an approach still raises the following questions: What are the immunological features modulated by immunogenic therapies that can be critical to ensure not only immediate but also long-lasting tumor protection? How must the combined treatments be administered to the patients to harness their full potential while limiting adverse immunological events? Here, we address these points by reviewing how immunogenic anticancer therapies can provide novel therapeutic opportunities upon combination with ICPi. We discuss their ability to create a permissive tumor microenvironment through the generation of inflamed tumors and stimulation of memory T cells such as resident (TRM) and stem-cell like (TSCM) cells. We eventually underscore the importance of sequence, dose, and duration of the combined anticancer therapies to design optimal and successful cancer immunotherapy strategies.
Habitat Partitioning by Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus euschisti (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Between Herbaceous and Woody Host Plants

Telenomus podisi Ashmead and Trissolcus euschisti (Ashmead)are sympatric parasitoids of stink bug eggs. In field experiments, T. podisi parasitized significantly more egg masses on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. , than onhackberry, Celtis occidentalis L. , and T. euschisti parasitized egg masses only on hackberry. There was no significant difference in the number of host egg masses parasitized 0–1 and 3–4.2 m above the ground by T. euschisti in black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrhart, and hackberry trees. This is one of the few examples where sympatric solitary Hymenoptera that share a host resource subdivide their environment by host plant type. We suggest that the host plant type be considered when importing scelionids for stink bug control in classical biological control programs.
Liraglutide Attenuates Aβ42 Generation in APPswe/SH-SY5Y Cells Through the Regulation of Autophagy

Objective This study aimed to clarify whether liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, can ameliorate Aβ pathology through the regulation of autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to explore the related mechanisms thereof. Methods We used SH-SY5Y cells transiently transfected with APP695swe plasmid as an AD cellular model. Transfected cells were treated with liraglutide for 24 h in the presence or absence of 3-MA. Autophagy markers and the Aβ level were then evaluated by Western blot and ELISA. We also investigated the potential involvement of mTOR and JNK pathway in liraglutide-mediated autophagy. Results Our results showed that liraglutide reduced Aβ42 generation and enhanced autophagy in APPswe/SH-SY5Y cells; however, these effects could be counteracted with 3-MA. Furthermore, our data showed that liraglutide-induced autophagy does not follow the mTOR pathway. Liraglutide might promote autophagy in APPswe/SH-SY5Y cells by activating the JNK pathway and inhibiting the beclin-1/bcl-2 complex. Conclusion Here, we report a novel mechanism underlying liraglutide-attenuated Aβ42 generation through the activation of autophagy in AD cellular model.
Biocontrol Potential of Purified Elicitor Protein PeBL1 Extracted from Brevibacillus laterosporus Strain A60 and Its Capacity in the Induction of Defense Process against Cucumber Aphid (Myzus persicae) in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

The Cucumber aphid (Myzus persicae), a destructive cucumber aphid usually managed by chemical pesticides, is responsible for enormous annual agricultural losses. A protein elicitor, PeBL1, was investigated in the present work for its ability to induce a defense response against M. persicae in cucumber. The rates of population growth (Intrinsic rate of increase) of M. persicae (second and third generations) decreased with PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL−1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). In an assay on host selection, M. persicae had a preference for colonizing control plants as compared to the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The nymphal development time of the aphid was extended with the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. Likewise, fecundity was reduced, with less offspring produced in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings as compared to the positive (water) and negative 70.58 μg mL−1 controls (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The cucumber leaves treated with PeBL1 had a hazardous surface environment for M. persicae, caused by trichomes and wax formation. Jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) levels were significantly higher, exhibiting significant accumulation in the PeBL1-treated cucumber seedlings. The following results showed that PeBL1 considerably altered the height of the cucumber plant and the surface structure of the leaves to minimize M. persicae reproduction, and it prevented colonization. Defensive processes also included the activation of pathways (JA, SA, and ET). This study provides evidence of biocontrol for the use of PeBL1 in cucumber defense against M. persicae.