Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title: Lip-reading aids word recognition most in moderate noise: a Bayesian explanation using high-dimensional feature space Authors and affiliations:

1 Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030, USA. 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA 3 Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA 4 The Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA 5 Program in Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work.
The Opportunity Cost of Engaging in Reduced-Impact Logging to Conserve the Orangutan: A Case Study of the Management of Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

Managing the forested landscape in Malaysia and Indonesia for timber extraction while also conserving the endangered orangutan that inhabit some of the remaining forests in this region is a challenge. Heavy logging is a common feature of the Indonesian and Malaysian timber industries. It is profitable but detrimental to the survival of this primate species. A type of logging which appears to be compatible with maintaining orangutans in the forested landscape is light logging. It involves extracting fewer logs and ensures that the logged area is minimally damaged. However, switching to a light logging regime involves a financial opportunity cost, a cost which is an obstacle to the widespread adoption of this type of logging by businesses and the state. This paper reviews the case study of a unique light logging experiment conducted in the Deramakot Forest Reserve, in one of the orangutan’s strongholds, the Malaysian state of Sabah. The Deramakot experiment claims to generate revenue from low-impact logging while also sustaining its population of orangutans. Here, we survey the importance of the timber industry to Sabah, the profitability of the Deramakot scheme, the orangutan conservation aspect of this scheme, and the influence of the politico-bureaucratic factor or public economics on sustaining the domestic light-logging agenda. Then, this paper attempts to answer the question of whether economic returns could be balanced with orangutan conservation given the light and heavy logging regimes, bearing in mind the opportunity costs associated with these. More specifically, using the data that has been made available from the Deramakot case study, this paper employs a mathematical model to analyse whether the foregone profits of pursuing light logging is higher than setting aside strict protected areas while more intense logging the remaining forests, subject to the goal of maintaining a desired orangutan population size. The results reveal that, under certain conditions, the option of conserving the orangutan under mainly light logging is economically more attractive for a scenario involving Sabahan forests than the option of strictly protecting orangutan habitats and heavily logging the forests without significant orangutan populations. This finding contributes to the question asked by conservationists of how forests should be partitioned to satisfy both economic and conservation needs.
Environmental setting of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California

1 The National Water-Quality Assessment Program . 1 San Joaquin-Tulare Basins . 3 Location and Physiography . 3 Geology . ^ 5 Climate. _ 6 Natural Hydrology and Native Habitats . 6 Ecology . _ 11 Ecoregions . 11 Aquatic Biology . 11 Surface-Water Hydrology . 14 Distribution Systems . 14 Major Reservoirs . 15 Annual Discharge . 15 Seasonal Discharge . 17 Water Storage and Availability . 20 Ground-Water Hydrology . 23 Regional Ground-Water Flow System . 23 Predevelopment Ground-Water-Flow . 25 Ground-Water Development and Response . 25 Factors Affecting Water Quality . 27 Land Use . 29 Agricultural Land Use . 29 Urban Land Use . 32 Water Use . 32 Point Sources . 32 Agricultural Sources . 36 Discharges to the San Joaquin River . 36 Pesticides . 36 Nutrients from Fertilizers . 37 Nutrients from Manure . 38 Major Water-Quality Issues . 39 Summary . ^ 41 References Cited . 42
Population-based patterns and predictors of prostate-specific antigen screening among older men in the United States.

PURPOSE For patients who elect to have prostate cancer screening, the optimal time to discontinue screening is unknown. Our objective was to describe rates and predictors of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening among older men in the United States. METHODS Data were extracted from the population-based 2000 and 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). PSA screening was defined as a PSA test as part of a routine exam within the past year. Demographic, socioeconomic, and functional characteristics were collected, and a validated 5-year estimated life expectancy was calculated. Age-specific rates of PSA screening were determined, and sampling weight-adjusted multivariate regressions were fitted to determine predictors of screening among men age 70 years or older. RESULTS The PSA screening rate was 24.0% in men age 50 to 54 years, and it increased steadily with age until a peak of 45.5% among age 70 to 74 years. Screening rates then gradually declined by age, and 24.6% of men age 85 years or older reported being screened. Among men age 70 years or older, screening rates varied by estimated 5-year life expectancy: rates were 47.3% in men with high life expectancies (≤ 15% probability of 5-year mortality), 39.2% in men with intermediate life expectancies (16% to 48% probability), and 30.7% in men with low life expectancies (> 48% probability; P < .001). In multivariate analysis, estimated life expectancy and age remained independently associated with PSA screening (P < .001 for each). CONCLUSION Rates of PSA screening in the United States are associated with age and estimated life expectancy, but excessive PSA screening in elderly men with limited life expectancies remains a significant problem. The merits and limitations of PSA should be discussed with all patients considering prostate cancer screening.
Common Genetic Variants Associated with Cognitive Performance Identified Using Proxy-Phenotype Method

The SSGAC is a research infrastructure designed to stimulate dialogue and cooperation between medical researchers and social scientists. The SSGAC facilitates collaborative research that seeks to identify associations between specific genetic markers (segments of DNA) and social science variables, such as behavior, preferences, and personality. One major impetus for the formation of the SSGAC was the growing recognition that most effects of individual genetic markers on behavioral traits are extremely small, and that, consequently, very large samples are required to accurately measure them. Several years ago medical researchers responded to a similar recognition—that most effects of individual genetic markers on complex diseases are very small—by forming research consortia in which groups collaborate by pooling results across many datasets. These efforts have borne considerable fruit, including recent findings on the genetics of autism (Gaugler et al., 2014) and schizophrenia (Ripke et al., 2014). The SSGAC is an attempt to encourage analogous pooling among social-science geneticists and is organized under the auspices of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE), a successful medical consortium. The SSGAC was founded by three social scientists (Daniel Benjamin, David Cesarini, and Philipp Koellinger) who are excited about the potentially transformative impact that genetic data could have on the social sciences. The Advisory Board for the SSGAC is composed of prominent researchers representing various disciplines: Dalton Conley (Sociology, New York University), George Davey Smith (Epidemiology, University of Bristol), Tõnu Esko (Molecular Genetics, Broad Institute and Estonian Genome Center), Albert Hofman (Epidemiology, Erasmus University), Robert Krueger (Psychology, University of Minnesota), David Laibson (Economics, Harvard), Sarah Medland (Statistical Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research), Michelle Meyer (Bioethics, Union Graduate College and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai), and Peter Visscher (Statistical Genetics, University of Queensland). The pilot project of the SSGAC was a largescale GWAS on educational attainment whose results were published in Science (Rietveld et al., 2013).
Patterns of Drinking Water Use in Pork Production Facilities

pigs using nipple drinkers. ­ Water requirements for breeding swine range from  to 4 gal/day for gestating females and 6 gal/day for lactating swine. ­ Knowledge of the daily water needs of pigs, and the patterns of water usage within the day allow for the appropriate sizing of delivery devices and prediction of the impact of pork production on available water supplies. ­ Daily charting of drinking water usage can serve as a predictor of the on-set of swine h­ealth­ ch­allenges such­ as swine influ-enza. ­ As more sophisticated methods become available to record water usage, other predictors of performance may be developed depending on the patterns detected. ­
The proliferation of cervical cancer is promoted by mirna-125b through the regulation of the hMga1

Background: It has been reported that miRNA-125b is associated with carcinogenesis and development of several different kinds of cancers. Nevertheless, there is no clarity regarding the significance and mechanism of action of miR-125b in clinical practice for cervical cancer (CC). Materials and methods: In the current investigation, the expression of miR-125b in cervical clinical specimens and CC cell lines was analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR, and the rela-tionship of miR-125b with the chromatin-associated protein high mobility group A (HMGA1) expression and clinicopathological parameters of CC patients was explored. Results: The results indicated that miR-125b expression was remarkably upregulated in CC cell lines as well as in the tissues of humans. miR-125b overexpression was significantly related to a decrease in HMGA1 expression, progression-free survival, overall survival, and prognosis as well. Besides, knockdown of miR-125b inhibited proliferation and colony formation in SW756 and C4-1 cells, where the 3 ′ -UTR of HMGA1 mRNA was directly targeted. Moreover, PI3K/ Akt pathway was regulated by miR-125b through suppression of HMGA1. Conclusion: These findings illustrated that a new regulatory role of HMGA1 is involved in the progression of CC. Our data demonstrated that miR-125b could play a critical role in the carcinogenesis and progression of CC, revealing that miR-125b might serve as a potential new target for treating CC.
A Nonlinear Response Amplitude Operator for Complex Maritime Dynamical Systems, Wave Energy Converters and Offshore Applications

A nonlinear response amplitude operator (NRAO) that is able to model a wide class of nonlinear systems and structures, usually found in maritime and offshore applications, is developed. Its functional scheme is of the Volterra-series type and its order is explicitly dictated from the order of nonlinearity of the actual dynamical system. In addition, the proposed method is not bounded by any amplitude or frequency constrains and it can compute the response of a nonlinear system even for multi-chromatic excitations that consist of modes with significantly, or not, different amplitudes and frequencies.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment of muscle from regular chest computed tomography scans: l1 and pectoralis muscle compared to l3 as reference in non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used in clinical research for single-slice assessment of muscle mass to correlate with clinical outcome and evaluate treatment efficacy. The third lumbar level (L3) is considered as reference for muscle, but chest scans generally do not reach beyond the first lumbar level (L1). This study investigates if pectoralis muscle and L1 are appropriate alternatives for L3. Methods: CT scans of 115 stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients were analyzed before and during tumor therapy. Skeletal muscle assessed at pectoralis and L1 muscle was compared to L3 at baseline. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of changes in muscle mass determined at different locations was investigated. Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficient between skeletal muscle at L3 and L1 was stronger ( r = 0.90, P  0.001) than between L3 and pectoralis muscle ( r = 0.71, P  0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed that L3 (HR 0.943, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, P  0.001) and L1 muscle loss (HR 0.954, 95% CI: 0.93–0.98, P  0.001) predicted overall survival, whereas pectoralis muscle loss did not. Conclusion: L1 is a better alternative than pectoralis muscle to substitute L3 for analysis of muscle mass from regular chest CT scans.
lncRNAs as potential molecular biomarkers in the clinicopathology and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common fatal primary hepatobiliary malignant carcinoma, characterized by early invasion and extremely poor outcomes. It is therefore necessary to identify a novel biomarker to better diagnose CAA and predict its prognosis. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed that some lncRNAs play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of CAA. In order to support this search for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CAA, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the published association between lncRNA expression and its clinical value in CAA. Methods: Eligible studies were pooled and analyzed according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria after a comprehensive literature search. Stata 14.0 software was used to analyze the data from relevant studies and to construct a forest plot. Different effect sizes were selected for the meta-analysis. Results: In total, 24 publications were included in this meta-analysis. After review of their full-text, 16 articles studied the association between lncRNAs and clinicopathological characteristics, 2 discussing diagnosis and 16 discussing prognosis. Our results showed that overexpression of CCAT1 was significantly correlated with tumor stage (I + II vs III + IV) (OR, 4.99; 95% CI 2.77–8.99; P , 0.001) and lymph node metastasis in CCA (OR, 4.75; 95% CI 2.65–8.52; P , 0.001). Furthermore, elevated CCAT lncRNA family expression predicted a shorter overall survival (HR, 2.09; 95% CI 1.17–3.00; P , 0.001), especially CCAT2. Upregulation of CCAT2 was also obviously associated with tumor stage in CCA (OR, 5.29; 95% CI 2.64–10.58; P = 0.001). Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis to assess the relationship between expression of lncRNAs and the clinical values of patients with CCA. lncRNAs can function as potential molecular biomarkers of the clinicopathology and prognosis of CCA.
The axiom of choice and the law of excluded middle in weak set theories

Keywords Axiom of choice, axiom of extensionality,weak set theory,law of excluded middle. Aweak form of intuitionistic set theory WST lacking the axiom of extensionality is introduced. While WST is too weak to support the derivation of the lawo fe xcluded middle from the axiom of choice, we showt hat beefing up WST with moderate extensionality principles or quotient sets enables the derivation to go through.
Oral Microbiota as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review

: Emerging evidence has shown the potential of oral microbiota as a noninvasive diagnostic tool in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for eligible studies published until May 31, 2019. Of the 17 included studies published between 2011 and 2019, ﬁ ve kinds of GI cancer, including colorectal cancer (n=6), pancreatic cancer (n=5), gastric cancer (n=4), esophageal cancer (n=2) and liver cancer (n=1), were reported. Generally, the diagnostic performance of the multi-bacteria model for GI cancer was strong with the best area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) exceeding 0.90, but only one study had a validation phase. Pathogens involved in periodontal disease, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia , were linked to various kinds of GI cancer. Besides, more oral bacteria signi ﬁ cantly differed between cases with upper digestive cancer and healthy controls when compared to colorectal cancer (the most common form of lower digestive cancer), probably indicating a different mechanism due to anatomical and physiological differences in the digestive tract. Oral microbiota changes were associated with risk of various kinds of GI cancer, which could be considered as a potential tool for early prediction and prevention of GI cancer, but validation based on a large population, reproducible protocols for oral microbiota research and oral-gut microbiota transmission patterns are required to be resolved in further studies.
incidence and management of symptomatic dry eye related to lasiK for myopia, with topical cyclosporine a

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of transient dry eye associated with LASIK for myopia and the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A administration. Methods: Group A was formed from 145 (82 female, 63 male) eyes that developed clinically significant dry eye within 1 month post-LASIK and were subjected to cyclosporine A treatment. A “non-symptomatic for dry eye” and age- and gender-matched group (group B) was formed from the same pool of patients to serve as control. Schirmer’s, tear film break-up time (TBUT) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were evaluated. Central corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and topographic
Do Public Firms Respond to Investment Opportunities More than Private Firms? The Impact of Initial Firm Quality

Using U.S. Census data, we track firms at birth and compare the growth pattern of IPO firms and their matched always-private counterparts over their life cycle. Firms that are larger at birth with faster initial growth are more likely to attain a larger size and to subsequently go public. We estimate a model to predict the propensity to become public (“public quality”) using initial conditions. Firms in the top percentile of public quality grow 29 times larger than the remaining firms fifteen years later if they actually become public and 14 times larger if they stay private, showing a large selection effect for IPO status. Public firms respond more to demand shocks after their IPO and are more productive than their matched private counterparts. This effect is stronger in industries that are capital intensive and dependent on external financing. Overall, initial conditions predict firm growth trajectories, selection into public status and responsiveness to demand shocks. We find no evidence of public market myopia when matching by initial conditions.
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

Diabetes Care Supplement 1 was previously called Clinical Practice Recommendations and included the “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” and key American Diabetes Association (ADA) position statements. The supplement has been renamed Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (“Standards”) and contains a single ADA position statement that provides evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for diabetes care. Whereas the “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetesd2015” should still be viewed as a single document, it has been divided into 14 sections, each individually referenced, to highlight important topic areas and to facilitate navigation. The supplement now includes an index to help readers find information on particular topics.
Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems to Define Conservation Priorities

This dissertation discusses several techniques of combining ecology and technology, specifically satellite images and geographic information systems, to define conservation priorities and answer conservation questions. They include single species approaches (chapters 2 and 3), global approaches (chapter 4), and regional approaches (chapters 5 and 6). Chapters 2 and 3 concern the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammodramus mirabilis maritimus). This sparrow, and its habitat, is legally protected under the United States Endangered Species Act. Chapter 2 quantitatively demonstrates that poor water management is threatening the habitat of this sparrow and by consequence its survival. Chapter 3 describes formal testing of the habitat maps from chapter 2 and the ecological lessons learned from the test results. Chapter 4 is an analysis of the global ‘weed patch’, the area of the world that is favorable for invasive species. The results from this chapter should help define priority areas for combating invasive species. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss bird conservation in the Atlantic Forests of Brazil, specifically in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Chapter 5 approaches this from the forest level, focusing on forest fragment size and connectivity. Chapter 6 analyzes existing priority-setting methods in the Atlantic Forest, finds them deficient, and describes a new methodology to define bird conservation priorities.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci : pathogenesis , occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and in

d STSline­ :us aureus -associated Coagulase-negative staphylococci: pathogenesis, occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and in Wei, a. & lated from vitro effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilm­ factors for growing bacteria ! -i, D. F. , :liversity of Ewa Szczuka, Lucyna Jabfonska and Adam Kaznowski . vith clonal One II, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland Wolz, C. , mton-Val­ rriage and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens that particularly cause lpics. Glin infections in patients with implanted medical devices. The present research was performed to study the virulence potential of 53 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus II. (2005). auricularis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus cohnii and 1t subtyp­ methicilStaphylococcus caprae. All clinical strains were clonally unrelated. Isolates carried genes 3. encoding resistance to {:Hactam (mecA) (15 %), aminoglycoside [aac(6')/aph(2"X11 %), aph ~S, G. A. , (3')-lI/a (15 %), ant(4')-la (19 %)] and macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) term e study of (A) (4 %), erm(B) (13 %), erm(C) (41 %), msr(A) (11 0/0)] antibiotics. CoNS isolates (64 %) were . e modeL able to form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that these biofilms formed a three-dimensional structure composed mainly of living cells. All biofilm-positive strains carried the ical study ica operon. In vitro studies demonstrated that a combination treatment with tigecyciine and :inNorth rifampicin was more effective against biofilms than one with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration values were 0.062-0.5 Ilg mr 1 for tigecyclinel rifampicin and 0.250-2 Ilg ml1 for ciprofloxacin/rifampicin. All CoNS strains adhered to the human epithelial cell line HeLa, and more than half of the isolates were able to invade the HeLa cells, although most invaded relatively poorly. The virulence of CoNS is also attributed to their cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells. Incubation of HeLa cells with culture supernatant of the CoNS isolates resulted in cell death. The results indicate that the pathogenicity of S. capitis, S. auricularis, S. lugdunensis, S. cohnii and S. caprae is multi-factorial, involving the ability of these bacteria to adhere to human epithelial cells, form biofilms and invade and destroy human cells.