Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum-Wage Legislation∗

During the 1910s, twelve U.S. states passed and implemented the country’s first minimum-wage laws. They covered only female employees, often in a subset of industries. We study the impact of this regulation using full-count Census data. Our identification strategy compares county-industry trends in county-pairs that straddle state borders. We find that female employment decreased by at least by 3.1% at the county-industry level. Across counties, we find that the own-wage elasticity of labor demand varies from around –1.6 to 0.8 as a function of the local cross-industry concentration. Affected female workers switch industries or drop out of the labor force. The latter channel is driven exclusively by married women. We document a rise in male labor demand, and we investigate the channels of substitutions between men and women. While on average men and women are gross substitutes, we find evidence that the margin of substitution is driven by the replacement of women in low-rank occupations with men in middleor high-rank occupations.
A New Look at Sensory Attenuation: Action-Effect Anticipation Affects Sensitivity, Not Response Bias

The systematic association of an action that a person performs with its sensory effects is thought to attenuate that person’s perception of the effect of the action. However, whether learned sensorimotor contingencies truly affect perception, rather than just inducing a response bias, has yet to be determined. The experiment presented in this article comprised two parts: an action-effect association phase and a test phase, during which the actions’ perceptual effects were tested. During the association phase, specific actions (left-key and right-key presses) were associated with specific visual effects (tilted Gabor patches). In the test phase, participants’ left-key presses and right-key presses triggered the onset of a low-contrast tilted Gabor patch in 50% of trials (no stimulus was presented on the remaining 50% of trials). Participants were required to report the presence or absence of this tilted Gabor patch. Our results showed that participants’ sensitivity (d′) to the Gabor patches was reduced by 10% when the patches were triggered by the action they had previously been associated with. This finding indicates that a person’s action does not induce a response bias (c), but changes the perception (d′) of the learned action effect.
Determinants of Halal Food Purchase Intention among Filipino Muslims in Metro Manila

Philippines is a non-Muslim dominant country where Halal industry is still emerging. Considering such environment, Halal food consumption becomes one of the Muslim consumers’ vital concern and an interesting subject for behavior study. This research is to address the gap in the literature pertaining to Filipino Muslim minority’s purchase consumption. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is utilized to ascertain the influence of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control as well as Islamic religiosity among Muslim consumers of processed food products in the country’s largest urban area- Metro Manila. This work also attempted to identify the most influential among the four determinant factors. The study employed a quantitative survey and used responses obtained from 444 Muslims who are grocery buyers of their respective households in top three cities with high concentration of Muslim residents in Metro Manila-Taguig, Manila and Quezon cities. The data collection was through a structured questionnaire using the purposive and the snowball sampling methods. Data gathered from the survey were then explored and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency of the respondents’ demographic characteristics. Multiple regression analysis using SPSS was done to test the hypotheses of the study. Regression results reveal that the identified independent variables (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and Islamic religiosity) in this study exhibited a positive and significant influence towards the dependent variable (Halal food purchase intention). This indicates that as these four determinant factors increase positively, the purchase intention towards Halal food products would also increase. Results also show that the subjective norm is the most important predictor and is followed by Islamic religiosity. This study gives important implications to the food manufacturers, marketers, policy-makers, Halal consumers, and academic community. Stated findings recommend to understand more the current phenomenon, respond to consumer's necessities, and encourage businessmen in providing Halal products to capture the growing Muslim community’s preference and maximize profit as well.
ADBI Working Paper Series EFFECTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ON GOVERNMENT REVENUE: THE CASE OF EXPRESSWAY PROJECTS IN THE NORTHERN MIDLAND AND MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF VIET NAM

This paper examines the effects of infrastructure projects on economic performance by studying the changes in government revenue in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region of Viet Nam. More specifically, this paper investigates the effects of two expressway projects, namely (1) the Noi Bai–Lao Cai project and (2) the Ha Noi–Thai Nguyen project. In this study, we focus on the government revenue of the region, including personal income tax revenue, other government revenue from business activities, and total revenue, because they reflect the economic performance that the infrastructure investment creates. To investigate the impacts of infrastructure projects, we utilize the difference-in-difference (DID) method and compare the government revenue between the traversed regions and the non-traversed regions in two periods: (1) the construction phase and (2) the operation phase of the projects. The main estimated results show significant increases in the government revenue along the two expressways, highlighting an economic increase in the region after the completion of the expressway projects.
Factors Imparting Resistance to Fruit Damage by Heliothis armigera (Hubner) in Some Tomato Phenotypes

In tomato, infestation by the natural population of the fruit borer, Heliothis armigera (Hubner), on number basis was positively correlated with infestation on weight basis. Infestation was negatively correlated with the number of flowers per inflorescence. Surface texture of calyx also affected the susceptibility of the genotype. Reducing sugars in fruits were positively correlated, while zinc and iron content in foliage and ascorbic acid contents in fruits were negatively correlated with degree of infestation. Coefficient of determination revealed that 87% variability in borer infestation was due to zinc, iron, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar content. RésuméChez la tomate, l’infestation par (la chemille mineuse des fruits) H. armigera sur une base numérique était corrélée positivement avec l’infestation sur une base pondérale. L’infestation était corrélée négativement avec le nombre de fleurs par inflorescence. La dureté du Calice affectait également la sensibilité du génotype. La teneur en sucres réducteurs était corrélée positivement, alors que les teneurs en zinc et fer dans les feuilles et en acide ascorbique dans les fruits étaient corrélées négativement avec l’infestation. Le coefficient de détermination a révélé que 87% de la variabilité dans l’infestation par cet insecte était due aux teneurs en zinc, en fer, en acide ascorbique et en sucres réducteurs.
miR-552: an important post-transcriptional regulator that affects human cancer

MiR-552 is a small non-coding RNA located on chromosome 1p34.3, and its expression level is significantly up-regulated in tissues or cells of various tumors. miR-552 can target multiple genes. These targeted genes play important regulatory roles in biological processes such as gene transcription and translation, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion. Besides, miR-552 may affect the efficacy of various anticancer drugs by targeting genes such as TP53 and RUNX3. This review summarizes the biological functions and clinical expressions of miR-552 in human cancer. Our goal is to explore the potential value of miR-552 in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human cancer.
Participation in River Basin Planning Under the Water Framework Directive – Has it Benefitted Good Water Status?

The participation of societal groups and of the broader public has been a key feature in implementing the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Non-state actor participation in the drafting of river basin management plans was expected to help achieve the directive’s environmental goals, but the recent literature leaves us doubtful whether this has in fact been the case. This study examines a structured online survey of 118 public water managers, covering the six biggest European Union states ofFrance, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and the UK. We assess multiple facets of participation, for example the involved actors, the intensity of communication exchange, and participants’ influence on planning. Results show that participatory WFD implementation has included a wide range of actor groups but rarely citizens, and that there has been minimal provision for interactive communication. The value of active involvement to the reaching of environmental goals was assessed as limited and that of public consultation as insignificant. Participants who were actively involved mainly contributed by advocating for stronger environmental standards and by providing implementation-relevant knowledge. Potential reasons for the overall poor record of participation include the strong influence of agriculture and the lack of public interest. Our findings suggest that, in hindsight, the European Commission’s conviction that participation benefits good water status appears overly naïve.
Prognosis models for severe and critical COVID-19 based on the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices

Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. This study established prognostic scoring models based on comorbidities and other clinical information for severe and critical patients with COVID-19. Material and Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 51 patients diagnosed as severe or critical COVID-19 who were admitted between January 29, 2020, and February 18, 2020. The Charlson (CCI), Elixhauser (ECI), and age- and smoking-adjusted Charlson (ASCCI) and Elixhauser (ASECI) comorbidity indices were used to evaluate the patient outcomes. Results: The mean hospital length of stay (LOS) of the COVID-19 patients was 22.82 ± 12.32 days; 19 patients (37.3%) were hospitalized for more than 24 days. Multivariate analysis identified older age (OR 1.064, P = 0.018, 95%CI 1.011-1.121) and smoking (OR 3.696, P = 0.080, 95%CI 0.856-15.955) as positive predictors of a long LOS. There were significant trends for increasing hospital LOS with increasing CCI, ASCCI, and ASECI scores (OR 57.500, P = 0.001, 95%CI 5.687-581.399; OR 71.500, P = 0.001, 95%CI 5.689-898.642; and OR 19.556, P = 0.001, 95%CI 3.315-115.372, respectively). The result was similar for the outcome of critical illness (OR 21.333, P = 0.001, 95%CI 3.565-127.672; OR 13.000, P = 0.009, 95%CI 1.921-87.990; OR 11.333, P = 0.008, 95%CI 1.859-69.080, respectively). Conclusions: This study established prognostic scoring models based on comorbidities and clinical information, which may help with the graded management of patients according to prognosis score and remind physicians to pay more attention to patients with high scores.
Servant Leadership Of Corporate Competitiveness Mediated By Business Transformation And Service Culture

This research examined the effect of Servant Leadership on Corporate Competitiveness, mediated by Business Transformation and Service Culture. This research was analytical research with a quantitative approach.The location of the research is the Vessel PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) which is spread across all crossings of PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero). This research is survey research, using a questionnaire given to 150 respondents.The population in this study were all ship leaders in all crossings of PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero). There is a significant and positive influence between Servant Leadership on Business Transformation. There is a significant and positive influence between Servant Leadership on Service Culture. There is a significant influence between Servant Leadership on Corporate Competitiveness. There is a significant and positive influence between Business Transformation on Corporate Competitiveness. There is a significant and positive influence between Service Culture on Corporate Competitiveness. The originality is this study analyzes the management of the resources owned by PT ASDP in order to have a h igh level of company sustainability, namely by identifying the factors that affect Corporate Competitiveness.
Aloe vera polysaccharides as biological response modifiers in chickens.

In the present study, polysaccharides have been isolated and evaluated as biological response modifiers in chickens. Aloe (A.) vera polysaccharides were administered in chickens for three consecutive days and used for immunological evaluation. Results showed significantly higher (p<0.05) lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P and Con-A in chickens of polysaccharides administered groups as compared to control. Carbon particle clearance assay showed significantly higher clearance index (K) in control group, indicating presence of more carbon particles in blood. Phagocytic index (α) showed significantly higher response in all three polysaccharides administered groups. Significantly higher humoral immune responses [total immunoglobulins (Igs), IgG and IgM titers] were also detected in treatment groups. Biomolecule administered chickens showed better feed conversion ratios and significantly higher (p<0.05) weekly weight gains. From the current study, it was concluded that A. vera derived polysaccharides have potential to be used as immunotherapeutic agent(s) in chickens. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers
SIMULTANEOUS SHEAR AND AXIAL FAILURE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS OF EXISTING SUBSTANDARD BUILDINGS

Previous experience from earthquake events has shown that existing substandard Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings are particularly vulnerable to strong ground motions. One of the main causes of collapse of such structures is the axial failure of shear or flexure-shear critical vertical load bearing elements. In this context, the phenomenon of simultaneous shear and axial failure is of really high significance, because the collapse mode of the whole structure can be adversely affected by such members leading to redistribution of vertical loads at a very low lateral deformation level and the structure’s collapse probability can thus be greatly increased. Therefore, the cardinal priority in a pre-seismic retrofit programme for existing structures should be to prevent failure of these particularly vulnerable elements. Observations have been made in previous studies on possible circumstances leading to such a failure mode. However, the development of a reliable criterion is still an open issue. The main contribution of the present work is the proposal of the necessary conditions for the simultaneous shear-axial failure of a column in the form of a two-parameter classification criterion, constituting a handy tool for engineers working on assessment and retrofit of existing R/C structures. If not all member’s details are known or if a preliminary classification is only required, a simplified one-parameter criterion can be used, instead; nonetheless, the latter comes with a high uncertainty. Furthermore, criteria for “extra-safe zones” have also been extracted, in case a higher inter-storey drift capacity is to be ensured. Last but not least, two well-established predictive models are compared as to their ability to predict simultaneous failure of an R/C member. The one previously developed by the authors performs far better and would be recommended for use in relevant applications, with the aforementioned two-parameter criterion still being the optimal choice for a reliable classification of a column as safe from simultaneous failure.
Movement Patterns of Jaguar

Jaguar on two small ranches in southwestern Brazil had a density of about one animal per 25 sq km. Females ranged over at least 25-38 sq km and males over twice that much terrain. The ranges of females overlapped, and the range of a resident male included the ranges of several females. Jaguar and puma ranges also overlapped, but each species favored parts not much used by the other. Day-and-night radio tracking revealed precise travel and activity patterns of two female jaguar. The social system of jaguar is in most respects similar to that of other large solitary cats such as puma, leopard, and tiger. As PART OF A WILDLIFE STUDY in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, we collected information on jaguar (Parnthera onca). Data were gathered intermittently between April 1977 and September 1978 on the Acurizal and Bela Vista ranches (17? 45'S, 57? 37'W) at the western edge of the Pantanal, a vast swampy plain near the Bolivian border. During 1977 we assessed the impact of jaguar predation on a prey population (Schaller and Vasconcelos 1978) and deduced movement patterns from spoor; during 1978 we radio-tracked two jaguars. Ranch hands on Acurizal shot two of the study animals, and this action prematurely terminated our research there. Because jaguar literature is based mainly on anecdotal accounts by hunters and naturalists (see Guggisberg 1975), our preliminary findings contribute a more substantial understanding of the species and provide data for comparison with information available on other large, solitary cats (Hornocker 1969, Muckenhirn and Eisenberg 1973, McDougal 1977). STUDY SITE The Acurizal ranch, 137 sq km in size, consists of a strip of land, 24 km long and 5-10 km wide, between the Paraguay River and the crest of the Serra de Amolar which at its northernmost point ceases abruptly at the shore of Lake Gaiba. Two broad valleys, named here the First and Second valleys, cut into the range (fig. 1). Three kilometers north of Acurizal, across Lake Gaiba, is Bela Vista, an island of about 90 sq km, its size varying somewhat with the water
Factors associated with child’s comorbid diarrhea and pneumonia in rural Democratic Republic of the Congo

Diarrhea and pneumonia are leading killers of the world’s youngest children. The toll is highly concentrated in the most disadvantaged children from 15 high-burden countries. The present research reports the factors associated with the comorbidity of the two killer diseases in the context of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), one of the 15 countries suffering the most from the blights. This analysis of data from a cross-sectional household survey found an association between child’s comorbid diarrhea and pneumonia and the indicators of child’s age, unimproved sanitation facilities, unsafe or indiscriminate disposal of children’s feces, malnutrition and parents’ education. It was concluded that improved child’s environment and safe hygiene practice protect against a cooccurrence of the two conditions in rural DRC.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF SMALL CHANGES IN CRANK LENGTH ON TORQUE WAVEFORM DURING SUBMAXIMAL PEDALLING

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of small changes in crank-arm length and pedalling power on crank torque-angle profile during seated cycling. Twelve amateur cyclists participated and performed 12 sets of 5-min submaximal pedalling on a special cycle ergometer (4 intensities x 3 crank lengths). Principal Component Analysis technique was used to analyse ten crank torque-angle curves of the right leg. A longer crank increased the crank torque of the front leg (30-125o) in order to lift the rear leg (200-320o), contrary to the effect of increasing pedalling power. Furthermore, pedalling with the longest crank required higher torque values after reaching peak torque (110-170o) compared to the shortest ones. In conclusion, contrary to the lore, a longer crank requires a higher mechanical effort compared to a shorter crank for pedalling at the same intensity.
Automated Integration of Structural, Biological and Metabolic Similarities to Improve Read-Across

Read-across (RAX) is a popular data gap-filling technique that uses category and analogue approaches to predict toxicological endpoints for a target. Despite its increasing relevance, RAX relies on human expert judgement and lacks a reproducible and automated protocol. It also relies only on structural similarity for identifying the analogues, while other aspects are often neglected. In this paper, we propose an automated procedure for the selection of analogues for data gap-filling. Analogues were identified by a decision algorithm that integrates three similarity metrics, each considering different toxicologically relevant aspects (i.e., structural, biological and metabolic similarity). Structural filters based on the presence of maximum common substructures (MCS) and common functional groups (FGs) were applied to narrow the chemical space for the analogue search. The procedure has been implemented as a workflow in KNIME and is freely available. The workflow provides informative tabular and graphical outputs to support toxicologists and risk assessors in drawing conclusions based on the RAX approach. The procedure has been validated for its predictive power on two datasets related to high-tier in vivo toxicological endpoints, i.e., human hepatotoxicity and druginduced liver injury (DILI). The validation results gave good accuracy values (i.e., up to 0.79 for the binary hepatotoxicity classification and up to 0.67 for the three-class DILI classification) that were higher than those returned by RAX based on the sole use of structural similarity. Results confirmed the suitability of the procedure as a source of data to support regulatory decision-making. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is appropriately cited.
Diversity on the edge: Non-linear patterns of coral community structure at an isolated oceanic island

Coral communities are expected to display predictable patterns of diversity and structure across depth and exposure gradients, yet these predictions have rarely been tested at oceanic locations. Here we tested 5 common ecological predictions about coral community structure at the remote Chrismas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean. Our results suggest that not all of the predictions hold true at this oceanic location, primarily because the community is structured in non-linear ways. Each surveyed depth zone (5, 12, 20 m) supported a distinctive community, yet species diversity and coral abundance did not show the expected linear increase with depth. Habitat complexity was also shown to respond non-linearly with depth, with the highest habitat complexity occurring in the intermediate 12 m zone. We discuss the 'cliff-edge effect' as a possible explanation for the high diversity and abundance of corals at 20 m, while physical stress and competitive exclusion may explain the low diversity at 12 m. The cliff-edge habitat provides a narrow zone in between the wave-swept shallows and the low light/high shade environment of the steep outer reef walls, and this zone of heterogeneous environmental conditions supports a wide diversity of corals. If future storm events, bleaching, disease or predator outbreaks were to impact the corals living in the cliff-edge habitat, this may have a disproportionate impact on the coral reef community as a whole. Monitoring the status of corals on the cliff edge is important for understanding and predicting how oceanic reef systems will be affected by climate change.