Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Design of Optimal Organizations Using Tournaments: An Experimental Examination

This paper investigates multi-person tournaments both theoretically and experimentally. It asks, and attempts to answer three questions: 1) As the size of a tournament grows through replication (i.e. at any level as the number of large prizes grow proportionally with the number of people at that level), what happens to effort of agents? 2) If the size of the the tournament is held fixed, what happens to effort levels as the fraction of large prizes in it changes? 3) If dicrimination exists within a tournament in the sense that a fraction, of the workers are discriminated against by having to significantly outperform non-discriminated workers in order to get a large prize, what happens to output as tournament size increases with the fraction held constant? We find that while tha results of our experiment support the theory in mosr instances, the deviations from the theory we find raise a series of interesting questions about the proper design of corporate compensation mechanisms.
Vitrimer Carbon Fiber Composites for Rotorcrafts Components with Fatigue Reverse Ability

As rotorcrafts enter new generation of their design, they are expected to be subjected to more stringent performance requirement, Increased loads and operational frequency necessitates use of structural components with higher fatigue life. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) are popular as structural material due to their superior performance while being lightweight. However, fatigue originating in weaker polymer limits their fatigue life, moreover the fatigue damage introduced accumulated irreversibly resulting in catastrophic failure. The damage is irreversible due to permanent crosslinked nature of thermoset polymers used in CFRP. If the crosslinks are made dynamic i.e. reversibly crosslinked, the fatigue damage may be reversed imparting ultra-high fatigue life to the components. Vitrimers are such epoxy based networks which may be ideal candidate for this application as they possess ability to dynamic crosslinking at elevated characteristic temperature. Here we report a vitrimer based CFRP i.e., vCFRP which has properties comparable to conventional CFRP which has ability to retain its original properties in fatigue tests when they are subjected to periodic heating. The fractographic analysis suggests that periodic heating serves dual purpose of enabling dynamic crosslinking as well as repairing small scale fiber-matrix interface failure. Thus, rotorcraft components made with vCFRP may have very high fatigue life compared to conventional CFRP components.
ON THE WARING–GOLDBACH PROBLEM FOR ONE SQUARE, FOUR CUBES AND ONE BIQUADRATE

Abstract Let N be a sufficiently large integer. We prove that, with at most $O(N^{23/48+\varepsilon })$ exceptions, all even positive integers up to N can be represented in the form $p_1^2+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^3+p_6^4$ , where $p_1,p_2,p_3,p_4,p_5,p_6$ are prime numbers.
Device and Network Coordination for Opportunistic Utilization of Radio Resources in 3D Networks

Device and network coordination is critical for efficient radio resource (RR) utilization while meeting Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in heavily congested future heterogeneous wireless networks featured with 3-Dimensional (3D) small cells (SCs). Device and network coordination assisted opportunistic and coordinated use of RRs in distinct bands could dramatically improve the spectrum utilization in these networks. In this study, overall communication performance enhancement through better utilization of opportunistically available spatially distributed RRs in a 3D SC is addressed considering two co-located networks operated in licensed band (LB) and unlicensed band (UB) while jointly accounting for several related factors like 3D spatial positions and QoS requirements of the devices. To confront this problem, a device and network coordination assisted solution is developed using Q-learning and Slotted-ALOHA principles. Then, to maintain performance standards, device and network coordination aided scheduling, power control and access prioritization schemes are discussed. Subsequently, regret based learning assisted algorithm is presented for the UB to optimally utilize RRs. In these solutions, both device-network and network-network interactions are considered. In results, approximately 75% better overall coordination efficiency over conventional methods is shown at the initial iterations for the scenarios with the highest device density demonstrating attractive performance.
Calibration-Aimed Comparison of Image-Cytometry- and Flow-Cytometry-Based Approaches of Ploidy Analysis

Ploidy analysis is the fundamental method of measuring DNA content. For decades, the principal way of conducting ploidy analysis was through flow cytometry. A flow cytometer is a specialized tool for analyzing cells in a solution. This is convenient in laboratory environments, but prohibits measurement reproducibility and the complete detachment of sample preparation from data acquisition and analysis, which seems to have become paramount with the constant decrease in the number of pathologists per capita all over the globe. As more open computer-aided systems emerge in medicine, the demand for overcoming these shortcomings, and opening access to even more (and more flexible) options, has also emerged. Image-based analysis systems can provide an alternative to these types of workloads, placing the abovementioned problems in a different light. Flow cytometry data can be used as a reference for calibrating an image-based system. This article aims to show an approach to constructing an image-based solution for ploidy analysis, take measurements for a basic comparison of the data produced by the two methods, and produce a workflow with the ultimate goal of calibrating the image-based system.
Carrier Localization in InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells

Presented in this thesis are extensive theoretical investigations into the causes and effects of carrier localization in InGaN/GaN quantum wells. The results of the calculations agree well with experimental data, where it is available, and provide additional insights into the mechanisms that lead to some of the experimentally observed effects of localization.Firstly, the wave functions of the electrons and holes in InGaN/GaN quantum wells have been calculated by numerical solution of the effective-mass Schr�dinger equation. In our calculations we have assumed a random distribution of indium atoms, as suggested by the results of atom probe tomography: this allows us to find the contributions to the carriers' potential energy that arise from band gap fluctuations, the deformation potential and the spontaneous and piezoelectric fields. We show that the fluctuations in alloy composition can be sufficient to localize the carriers; our results are in good agreement with the results of experiment and more detailed ab-initio calculations, but we also obtain information about the distribution of localized states which those methods cannot yet provide. We find that the holes are localized on a short scale in randomly-occurring regions of high indium content, whereas the electrons are localized on a longer length scale. We consider the effect of well width fluctuations and find that these contribute to electron localization, but not to hole localization. We also simulate the low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum and find good agreement with experiment for the energy, width and shape of the photoluminescence peak.Secondly, we have used first-order time-dependent perturbation theory to study the diffusion of the carriers between their localized states at non-zero temperatures. The rates for scattering via the interaction with acoustic phonons are calculated using the carrier wave functions, and the resulting master equation for the distribution of the carriers is solved by a Monte Carlo method. We find that, even towards room temperature, the carriers are localized to a small number of states, and that their diffusion lengths are proportional to a combination of the density of localized states and the localization length. The experimentally-observed `S-shape' of the photoluminescence peak energy as a function of temperature is reproduced in our results and is explained by the thermal redistribution of holes among the localized states. A reduction of the depth of this S-shape is found as the excitation power is increased, as has been observed experimentally, and which we attribute to the saturation of the localized states.
Field theory of the Wiener Sausage

The Wiener Sausage, the volume traced out by a sphere attached to a Brownian particle, is a classical problem in statistics and mathematical physics. Initially motivated by a range of field-theoretic, technical questions, we present a renormalised perturbation theory of the Wiener Sausage, which proves to be exact for the exponents and some amplitudes. The field theoretic approach is particularly elegant and very enjoyable to see at work on such a classic problem. While we recover a number of known, classical results, the field theoretic techniques deployed provide a particularly versatile framework, which allows easy calculation with different boundary conditions even of higher momenta and more complicated correlation functions. At the same time, we provide a highly instructive, non-trivial example for some of the technical particularities of the field theoretic description of stochastic processes, such as excluded volume, lack of translational invariance and immobile particles.
Sugar and organic acids content in feijoa (Acca sellowiana) fruits, grown at two altitudes

The impact of altitude on the different sugars and acids of the feijoa fruit is unknown. For that reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the altitudinal effect on the content of organic acids (citric and malic) and sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) during the development of feijoa fruits. The study took place in the towns of Tenjo (2,580 m asl with 12.3°C, 76.4% RH, 190mm precipitation) and San Francisco de Sales (1,800 m asl, with 18.5°C; 86.1% RH, 573 mm precipitation), located in Cundinamarca (Colombia). In the first locality (Tenjo), the fruits developed with 1,979 growth degree days (GDD) (180 days after anthesis (daa), while in the second locality (San Francisco), 2,728 GDD were required (155 daa). For organic acids, the predominant acid was citric. During the fruit development, the contents of these acids presented low values with a later irregular behavior, finally showing 14.21mg g-1 FW (fresh weight) at harvest for citric acid at San Francisco and 7.95mg g-1 FW at Tenjo. For malic acid, 9.14mg g-1 FW was recorded in San Francisco, and 6.88mg g-1 FW in Tenjo, with significant differences for citric acid between altitudes. The monosaccharides fructose and glucose increased during fruit development. However, the disaccharide sucrose showed a significant much higher content at 2,580 m asl (4.27mg g-1 FW) than at 1,800 m asl (1.03mg g-1 FW), for which it is concluded that the higher temperature in the low locality originated greater respiration and loss of sucrose in the fruit.
Do Large Employers Discriminate Less? An Exploration of Company Size Variation in Disability Discrimination Based on Data from two Field Experiments

Recent field experiments have documented that discrimination constitutes a barrier to employment for people with disabilities. Less is known about how disability discrimination varies across contexts in the labor market. This study explores whether hiring discrimination based on a history of mental health problems and against wheelchair users varies with company size using data from two field experiments. The study provides mixed evidence suggesting that the negative effect of disclosing a history of mental health problems on employers' hiring decisions does not vary with company size, whereas discrimination against wheelchair users occurs less often in large companies.
THE ORIGIN OF THE FAR-INFRARED LUMINOSITY WITHIN THE SPIRAL GALAXY NGC-6946 (VOL 106, PG 948, 1993)

High resolution, 45″, measurements of the 160 μm and Hα luminosity have been examined at 158 locations within the spiral galaxy NGC 6946 in order to elucidate the origin of the far infrared luminosity. After correcting the Hα luminosity for extinction and extrapolating the 160 μm luminosity to a 40-1000 μm far infrared luminosity we find that the far infrared luminosity is comparable to that expected from the O and B stars which are required to ionize the hydrogen gas. The results show that the far infrared luminosity is in quantitative agreement with that expected from O and B stars at all locations within NGC 6946
PSP-GNM: Predicting Protein Stability Changes upon Point Mutations with a Gaussian Network Model

Understanding the effects of missense mutations on protein stability is a widely acknowledged significant biological problem. Genomic missense mutations may alter one or more amino acids, leading to increased or decreased stability of the encoded proteins. In this study, we describe a novel approach—Protein Stability Prediction with a Gaussian Network Model (PSP-GNM)—to measure the unfolding Gibbs free energy change (ΔΔG) and evaluate the effects of single amino acid substitutions on protein stability. Specifically, PSP-GNM employs a coarse-grained Gaussian Network Model (GNM) that has interactions between amino acids weighted by the Miyazawa–Jernigan statistical potential. We used PSP-GNM to simulate partial unfolding of the wildtype and mutant protein structures, and then used the difference in the energies and entropies of the unfolded wildtype and mutant proteins to calculate ΔΔG. The extent of the agreement between the ΔΔG calculated by PSP-GNM and the experimental ΔΔG was evaluated on three benchmark datasets: 350 forward mutations (S350 dataset), 669 forward and reverse mutations (S669 dataset) and 611 forward and reverse mutations (S611 dataset). We observed a Pearson correlation coefficient as high as 0.61, which is comparable to many of the existing state-of-the-art methods. The agreement with experimental ΔΔG further increased when we considered only those measurements made close to 25 °C and neutral pH, suggesting dependence on experimental conditions. We also assessed for the antisymmetry (ΔΔGreverse = −ΔΔGforward) between the forward and reverse mutations on the Ssym+ dataset, which has 352 forward and reverse mutations. While most available methods do not display significant antisymmetry, PSP-GNM demonstrated near-perfect antisymmetry, with a Pearson correlation of −0.97. PSP-GNM is written in Python and can be downloaded as a stand-alone code.
Fruit Abscission, Fruit Quality, and Residue Levels of Dichlorprop Used to Control Preharvest Drop of Apple

Five apple (Malus domestica) cultivars were treated with NAA at 10 mg·liter–1 and dichlorprop at 5, 10, and 15 mg·liter–1 during 2 years. Although the response varied with cultivar, NAA generally delayed fruit abscission compared to the control. Preharvest drop was usually reduced by dichlorprop at 5 mg·liter–1 more effectively than by NAA. Preharvest drop of ‘Stayman’, ‘Rome Beauty’, and ‘Winesap’, but not ‘Delicious’, was inversely related to concentration of dichlorprop. Fruit redness, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and starch ratings were not affected consistently at harvest or during storage by any treatment for any cultivar. Residue levels of dichlorprop in the fruit were related to treatment concentration and persisted until harvest. Chemical names used: naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid (dichlorprop).
Research Proposal for an Experiment to Search for the Decay $\mu \to eee$

We propose an experiment (Mu3e) to search for the lepton flavour violating decay mu+ -> e+e-e+. We aim for an ultimate sensitivity of one in 10^16 mu-decays, four orders of magnitude better than previous searches. This sensitivity is made possible by exploiting modern silicon pixel detectors providing high spatial resolution and hodoscopes using scintillating fibres and tiles providing precise timing information at high particle rates.
The semiclassical origin of the logarithmic singularity in the symplectic form factor

Sieber and Richter achieved a breakthrough towards a proof of the universality of spectral fluctuations of chaotic quantum systems conjectured by Bohigas, Giannoni and Schmidt by calculating semiclassically the first term beyond the diagonal approximation of the orthogonal form factor. In this letter, the semiclassical origin of the logarithmic singularity of the symplectic form factor is deduced perturbatively by combining this result with the contribution that arises due to the spin. This approach stands in contrast to the duality approach introduced by Bogomolny and Keating, which is essentially non-perturbative, and where the structure around the Heisenberg time is related to the structure for very small time which can be deduced using the diagonal approximation.
Representation of eddies in climate models by a potential vorticity flux

Abstract : This thesis addresses the parameterization of the heat and momentum transporting properties of eddy motions for use in primitive equation climate models. The approach is to transform the primitive equations to yield the altered transformed Eulerian mean' (TEM) equations. Further, the assumption is made that the eddy motions obey quasigeostrophic dynamics. This yields a framework in which the eddies appear as one term, acting as a body force in the momentum equations. This force manifests itself as a flux of potential vorticity (PV) - a quantity that incorporates both eddy momentum and heat transporting properties. Moreover, the dynamic velocities are those of the residual mean circulation, a much more relevant velocity for understanding heat and tracer transport. Closure for the eddy PV flux is achieved through a flux-gradient relationship, directing it down the large scale PV gradient. The approach is investigated through numerical experiments, which compare a parameterized model with eddy-resolving calculaflons. The results show that the correct momentum transfer, particularly the up gradient, lateral momentum transfer by eddies, is captured in the parameterized model. This approach to parameterization provides a powerful conceptual and practical framework for representing eddies in numerical models of the atmosphere and ocean.
The Tertiary flora of India and probable disposition of continents

Rock magnetism of the Deccan Traps of India consistently indicates the position of this land, during the early Eocene period, at about 30° south of the equator There is also evidence to show that the movement from that to the present position has been gradual An analysis of the Tertiary fossil woods of India, so far recorded, shows a general agreement with both these conclusions arrived at through palaeomagnetic investigation, and thus supports strongly continental drift in preference to polar wandering. Much more additional data are, however, necessary on palaeomagnetism and fossil plants before continental drift is accepted as an established theory.
The impact of board composition on shareholder wealth creation: evidence from public companies in Sri Lanka

Purpose — This research aims to examine the impact of board composition on shareholder wealth in line with the agency and resource dependency theory approach due to the poor corporate governance practices leading to investors' lack of confidence. Method — The study samples included companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka. The banks and financial institutions were excluded from this study. The study period consists of seven years, and a final sample of 175 companies was selected for the analysis. E-View 9 statistical software was used to test the association between Board composition-related variables and shareholder wealth. Result — The findings revealed that board size, separate leadership structure, and proportion of non-executive directors on the Board positively influence shareholder wealth. At the same time, a separate leadership structure also tends to enhance the shareholder wealth of companies. It is noted that a large board and a higher proportion of non-executive directors on the Board would benefit shareholders, which supports the theoretical prediction of agency and resource dependency theories and the code of best practices on corporate governance in Sri Lanka. The result related to women's representation on the Board does not significantly influence shareholder wealth since the gender balance was not prioritized in Sri Lankan listed companies. Recommendation — The findings provide valuable information to professionals and policymakers to develop a framework for corporate governance systems. It is also advisable to consider the gender balance on board affairs. Corporate governance mechanisms are considered important factors in protecting shareholder interests at large. Contribution — There were few studies in Sri Lanka that specifically examined corporate governance best practices and their impact on firm performance, but no single study directly addresses the shareholder wealth of listed companies in Sri Lanka. This study is intended to fill in this gap.
Polarization-selective uncooled infrared sensor using a one-dimensional plasmonic grating absorber

A polarization-selective uncooled infrared (IR) sensor has been developed based on a one-dimensional plasmonic grating absorber (1-D PGA). The 1-D PGA has an Au-based one-dimensional periodic grating structure, where photons can be manipulated by surface plasmon resonance. A microelectromechanical systems-based uncooled IR sensor was fabricated using the 1-D PGA with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and micromachining techniques. The 1-D PGA was formed with an Au layer sputtered on a grating pattered SiO2 layer. An Al layer was then introduced onto the backside of the 1-D PGA to reflect scattered light and prevent absorption at the SiO2 backside of the absorber. The responsivity could be selectively enhanced depending on the polarization and the grating direction, and an absorption wavelength longer than the surface period and broadband absorption were realized due to the effect of the resonance in the grating depth direction. The 1-D PGAs enable a detection wavelength longer than the period and broadbandpolarization- selectivity by control of the grating depth in addition to the period. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the advancement of polarimetric IR imaging.
How the Covid-19 Pandemic Affects the Prices of Strategic Commodities in Indonesia

This study aims to examine volatility of strategic food commodities price in Indonesia before and during Covid-19 pandemic and to analyze the influence of GRDP and Covid-19 pandemic on prices of strategic food commodities price in Indonesia. Data used is panel data with time series data for quarter 2018-2021 cross section of 34 provinces in Indonesia and uses variation analysis method and panel regression. The results of the analysis show that prices of agricultural commodities, garlic, red chilies, and chicken were more varied before pandemic than during Covid-19 pandemic. Price of cayenne pepper, shallots, beef, and chicken eggs are more varied during pandemic than before Covid-19 pandemic. Prices of industrial commodities, cooking oil and sugar are more varied during pandemic than before Covid-19 pandemic, while price of rice was stable. The result of Random Effect Model regression found that Covid-19 pandemic has positive effect on price of agriculture and industrial strategic food commodities in Indonesia. GRDP only has negative effect on price of industrial strategic food commodities.