Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de Tres Métodos para Uso de Albúmina Sérica Bovina en el Sexado de Espermatozoides de Toros

La investigacion se hizo para determinar la posibilidad de variar la proporcion de espermatozoides de toros con cromosoma Y mediante el uso de albumina serica bovina (ASB) en tres metodos propuestos: Doble centrifugacion en ASB (M1); Centrifugacion y migracion en ASB (M2); Doble migracion en ASB (M3). Las muestras de semen se conservaron durante 20-24 horas a 5 °C y luego se congelaron en nitrogeno liquido. La variacion en la proporcion de espermatozoides con cromosoma Y (cuerpo F) se determino usando una tincion con diclorhidrato de quinacrina. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de cuerpos F (48.4±5.9% para el control y de 45.8±5.5 a 47.2±4.9% para los tratamientos). La tasa de recuperacion espermatica fue de 50.7% para M1, 36.2% para M2 y 21.4% para M3 (p<0.01). Hubo una reduccion significativa (p<0.01) de las caracteristicas espermaticas por efecto del uso de ASB: la vitalidad espermatica se redujo del 64.2% en el control a 42.5, 37.2 y 27.2% para M1, M2 y M3, respectivamente; la motilidad se redujo del 83.1% en el control a 48.1, 31.9 y 23.1% para M1, M2 y M3, respectivamente; el porcentaje de espermatozoides con membrana funcional se redujo del 64.6% en el control a 42.7, 42.6 y 39.6% con M1, M2 y M3, respectivamente; y el porcentaje de espermatozoides vivos con acrosoma no reaccionado vario del 58.1% en el control a 35.1, 30.2 y 20.5% con M1, M2 y M3, respectivamente. Se observo una reduccion general de las caracteristicas espermaticas por efecto de la congelacion en nitrogeno liquido (p<0.01) haciendolas inviables.
GREEN'S FUNCTIONS AND CORRECT RESTRICTIONS OF THE POLYHARMONIC OPERATOR

In this paper, for completeness of presentation, we give explicitly the Green's functions for the classical problems - Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin for the Poisson equation in a multidimensional unit ball. There are various ways of constructing the Green's function of the Dirichlet problem for the Poisson equation. For many types of areas, it is built explicitly. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the explicit construction of Green's functions for classical problems. The Green's function of the Dirichlet problem for a polyharmonic equation in a multidimensional ball is constructed in an explicit form, and for the Neumann problem the construction of the Green's function remains an open problem. The paper gives a constructive way of constructing the Green's function of Dirichlet problems for a polyharmonic equation in a multidimensional ball. Finding general well-posed boundary value problems for differential equations is always an urgent problem. In this paper, we briefly outline the theory of restriction and extension of operators and describe well-posed boundary value problems for a polyharmonic operator.
Effect of Post Covid-19 on Firm’s Specific Attributes and 1 Financial Performance of Quoted Conglomerates Companies in 2 Nigeria 3

The development concern Application issues in post-COVID-19 Africa and the planet are 9 wounding through a litany of scholarship scholarships. Many scholars in Africa and the world, 10 in general, are genuinely interested, and indeed sometimes brain-storm, on what needs to be 11 done by a wide variety of scholars, including but not limited to scientists, economists, 12 sociologists, psychologists, theologians, experts, and finance studies. This examined the 13 characteristics and financial performance of the listed conglomerate companies in Nigeria. The 14 research work has adopted a descriptive design to determine the reciprocal relationship 15 between variables. Data were collected mainly from secondary sources via the published 16 annual reports of the sampled companies for the period 2010-2018 they were analyzed using 17 multiple regression techniques after carrying out a series of robustness tests to determine their 18 validity. The results of the study showed that the size of the business had a positive and significant impact on financial performance. On the other hand, leverage negatively, but 20 insignificantly, on financial results. The study indicates that management should maximize the 21 total amount of assets as much as possible, as this is a guarantor of future economic benefits. by the owners and 356 their family members. * Collaborating, organizing, and helping each other first to solve this lethal pandemic to 357 save the global economic system by the IMF findings (2020). We suggest that in this post-COVID-19 period and 358 the subsequent economic crisis should not lead to a recession in the economy, some of the imperatives addressed 359 in this work Yet effective supervision, probity, fairness, integrity, prudence, accountability and the best values of 360 conglomerate business practice are important to the post-COVID-19 Nigerian economy in terms of world best 361 practice and practice. Be wise, and the truthful Covid-19 is real. 362
The End of Neutrality? LCFS, Technology Neutrality, and Stimulating the Electric Vehicle Market

Widespread electrification of the transportation sector is a key component of most strategies for deep decarbonization of the U.S. economy. While the acceptance of EVs has grown dramatically over the last decade, much of this growth has been spurred by substantial support from public funds and other related policies. Major electrification on the time scales supported in many climate policy plans will require substantial investment spurred by policy. In this whitepaper we discuss the policy options for expanding the EV market. Our particular focus is on the potential role that a Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) can play in supporting electrification. Standards like the LCFS are typically positioned as “technology neutral”, and the LCFS itself relies upon a dense set of calculations and assumptions to rate a wide variety of fuels based upon their life-cycle carbon intensity (CI). The LCFS in California is currently directing hundreds of millions of dollars to the EV market in California. However, it is likely that for a LCFS to support the kinds of investments on a magnitude likely necessary to reach electrification goals, it may have to be altered in such fundamental ways as to no longer really function as a technology-neutral fuel standard. *(Bushnell) University of California Davis and NBER. jbbushnell@ucdavis.edu. (Muehlegger) University of California Davis and NBER. emuehlegger@ucdavis.edu. (Rapson) University of California Davis. dsrapson@ucdavis.edu. (Witcover) University of California Davis. jwitcover@ucdavis.edu. This work was supported by the Clean Air Task Force. The views expressed herein are those of the authors.
Can Development Programs Counter Insurgencies?: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan

We exploit a randomized controlled trial conducted between 2007 and 2011 to understand the effect of Afghanistan’s largest development program on insurgency. We find that the program generally reduced insurgent violence, improved economic outcomes, and increased support for the government. However, in areas close to the Pakistani border, the program increased insurgent violence. This effect heterogeneity appears to be driven by the presence of foreign insurgents who are not reliant on the local population for support. The results suggest that while development programs can quell locally-based insurgencies, they may be counterproductive where insurgents are not embedded in the population.
Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of south-central New Mexico

A bstract — upper cretaceous rocks exposed at isolated outcrops in south-central new Mexico contain a marine molluscan record that spans at least 30 biostratigraphic zones from the middle cenomanian to the middle coniacian. Formational names applied to these rocks are, in ascending order: dakota sandstone (main body and one tongue), Mancos shale (four tongues), tres hermanos Formation, gallup sandstone, and crevasse canyon Formation. Five small-scale graphic sections ranging from doña ana county on the south to socorro county on the north and Lincoln county on the east are presented with general- ized lithologies and depositional environments. Key faunal collections from each section are tied to their stratigraphic positions in order to facilitate correlation from one area to another. the index fossils for 20 of the 30 biostratigraphic zones used in south-central new Mexico have been recovered from the five representative sections although there is no one section that contains all 20. The remaining 10 zones for which there are no fossils recorded in the study area are probably present as well; most of these zones are known from the upper cretaceous to the north and west of the study area. if these 10 zones are present, they are represented by a rock record that is barren of megafossils in the study area. the detailed biostratigraphy presented in this study documents the time-transgressive nature of the rock-stratigraphic units, which was a response to three cycles of shoreline movement across this part of new Mexico. the two earliest cycles of transgression and regression (t-1, r-1 and t-2, r-2 of Molenaar, 1983) are present throughout the study area. however, only socorro county has a complete third cycle (t-3, r-3).
Quantum dynamics simulations with GPU support

In the last years, the ﬁeld of quantum many-body systems has seen a sharp development, speciﬁcally in simulating interacting systems. However, a crucial challenge for current computational methods is the efﬁcient numerical simulation of nonequilibrium real-time evolution due to the high-dimensionality of quantum systems. The state-of-the-art shows that artiﬁcial neural network encodings of quantum many-body wave function efﬁciently describe the time dynamics. In this thesis, an efﬁcient machine learning-inspired approach has been employed to simulate the time dynamics. The neural-network quantum states are used to approximate the implicit midpoint rule method for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The proposed neural network architecture for the wave-function ansatz is the RBM (Restricted Boltzmann Machine), which has been shown to represent the ground state of various Hamiltonians with high accuracy. As a concrete example, this thesis studies the application of the transverse-ﬁeld Ising model on a one-dimensional lattice of different sizes, which exhibits an accuracy comparable to the stochastic conﬁguration method. To deal with the high-dimensionality of a transverse-ﬁeld Ising model on a lattice with periodic boundary conditions, the use of the GPU is employed in delivering results for larger lattice sizes. Observations show that the use of the GPU is critical for achieving results in large systems.
Currency Hedging in Emerging Markets: Managing Cash Flow Exposure

Foreign currency derivative markets are among the largest in the world, yet their role in emerging markets in particular, is relatively understudied. We study firms’ currency risk exposure and their hedging choices by employing a unique dataset covering the universe of FX derivatives transactions in Chile since 2003, together with firm-level information on sales, international trade, trade credits, and debt. We uncover four stylized facts: (i) natural hedging of currency risk is limited, (ii) financial hedging is more likely to be used by larger firms, (iii) firms in international trade are more likely to use FX derivatives to hedge their gross (rather than net) cash currency risk, and (iv) firms are more likely to pay larger premiums for longer maturity contracts. We then use a policy reform to study the role of financial intermediaries in affecting the dynamics of the forward exchange rate markets. We show that a negative supply shock -reducing the liquidity of FX derivatives to firmslowers firms use of FX derivatives and increases the forward premium.
Spontaneous modular NeuroEvolution arising from a life/dinner paradox

Understanding the neurological implementation of emotions is a major research subject from biology to computer sciences that, in the latter case, takes many shapes: from accurate detection of human emotions to the emulation of plausible responses to stimuli. There is, however, room for a more bottom-up approach in which we would thrive to recreate emotions from undifferentiated elementary building blocks. In this article, we used virtual creatures that interact with their environment through a low-level perception/cognition/action loop to demonstrate their potential for fear responses. Embedded in a physical environment in a typical prey/predator setting, they develop strategies for foraging while minimizing their exposure to danger. By monitoring the neural activities of these subjects, we were able to highlight the regularities induced by an ES-HyperNEAT encoding and their eventual mapping into “mental states”. We further emphasize the potential of this approach by clustering these ANNs and showing their resulting complexity in terms of conspeciﬁc identiﬁcation, communication, and functional modularity. Indeed, through functional equivalence across numerous topologies, we identify a fear-related neural cluster that serves as a primitive defensive survival circuit.
Origin of frequency dependence of interaural time difference

The interaural time difference (ITD) plays an important role in spatial hearing, particularly in azimuthal localization of sound images. Although the ITD is essentially determined by the geodesic distance between two ears, researchers have reported that the ITD is greater for lower frequencies. However, the origin of this frequency-dependence has not been revealed. This study investigates how the ITD is physically characterized to have a frequency-dependent nature by conducting measurements and numerical simulations. Dummy head measurements show that the ITD varies with frequency because the apparent propagation time to the ipsilateral ear decreases for low frequency. Dummy head simulations confirmed this phenomenon and revealed that the apparent propagation time decreases because of a sound pressure phase shift due to reflections from the head. Circular plate simulations revealed that the circular profile including its lateral surface and edge produces reflections that are relevant to the phase shift, yielding the frequency-dependence of the apparent propagation time. Furthermore, rigid sphere simulations showed that such reflections are produced even by smooth convex surfaces without clear-cut edges. These results strongly suggest that a major factor in the production of the frequency-dependence of ITDs is backscatter diffractions from convex surfaces of the head and the pinna.
Wealth Management Products, Banking Competition, and Stability: Evidence from China

Shadow financing through off-balance sheet wealth management products (WMPs) has become increasingly important besides deposits in China. We quantify the economic magnitude of the effect of WMPs on banking stability in an equilibrium model calibrated to Chinese banking sector data. Alternative equilibria emerge, which deviate substantially from the observed banking system and lead to severe financial distress and large welfare losses. Rollover costs from the WMP market and negative shocks to the asset market underlying WMPs can exacerbate banking instability. Moreover, we show that smaller and medium sized banks are comparably relevant for financial stability as the systemically important big 4 banks in China.
Gelatin Standards for Elemental Quantification in Biological X-Ray Microanalysis

Standards for X-ray microanalysis (XRMA) can be prepared simply by dissolving measured amounts o gela tin and an appropriate salt in water. dipping grids in the solution, and allowing them to gel and dry. The present study was intended to assess the uniformity, reproducibility, a nd stability during irradiation of such standards. Visually, the gelatin films appear homogeneous, and XRMA measurements of different grid squ ares a re generally in good agreement. The gelatin standards are s usceptible to radiation damage, as judged by several criteria . These are: visible damage; variation of peak/continuum ratios with electron dose; anomalous values obtained with very thin standards; and changes in X-ray counts with prolonged irrad iation. In general, the gelatin matrix appears to be lost during irradiation, but the elements within the matrix may be lost at the same rate as the gelatin, or faster, or more s lowly.
Perceived organizational politics and turnover intentions: critical roles of social adaptive behavior and emotional regulation skills

With a basis in conservation of resources theory, this study investigates how social adaptive behavior might mediate the relationship between employees’ perceptions of organizational politics and their turnover intentions, as well as a buffering role of their emotional regulation skills as a critical personal resource. Data collected from employees in the food sector reveal that beliefs about dysfunctional political games spur turnover intentions, driven by employees’ unwillingness to adjust themselves to the actions of their organizational colleagues. This mediating role of social adaptive behavior, or its lack, is less salient when employees have a greater ability to control their own emotions though. For organizations, this study accordingly pinpoints a key mechanism—a reluctance to accommodate other members’ preferences—by which perceived organizational politics can escalate into a desire to leave the organization. It also reveals how this mechanism can be better contained by employees’ ability to remain calm, even in difficult situations.
Characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating Based, Geometry-dependent, Magnetostrictive Composite Sensors

CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBER BRAGG GRATING BASED, GEOMETRY-DEPENDENT, MAGNETOSTRICTIVE COMPOSITE SENSORS by Edward Lynch The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2020 Under the Supervision of Professor Chiu Tai Law Optical sensors based on geometry dependent magnetostrictive composite, having potential applications in current sensing and magnetic field sensing are modeled and evaluated experimentally with an emphasis on their thermal immunity from thermal disturbances. Two sensor geometries composed of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) embedded in a shaped Terfenol-D/epoxy composite material, which were previously prototyped and tested for magnetic field response, were investigated. When sensing magnetic fields or currents, the primary function of the magnetostrictive composite geometry is to modulate the magnetic flux such that a magnetostrictive strain gradient is induced on the embedded FBG. Simulations and thermal experiments reveal the thermal limitations and geometry dependence of the sensors. Also, during the course of this study, new insights into the effects of environmental factors and sensor manufacturing techniques where uncovered which warrant further investigation.
Lexicalization in the developing parser

We use children’s noun learning as a probe into the nature of their syntactic prediction mechanism and the statistical knowledge on which that prediction mechanism is based. We focus on verb-based predictions, considering two possibilities: children’s syntactic predictions might rely on distributional knowledge about specific verbs—i.e. they might be lexicalized — or they might rely on distributional knowledge that is general to all verbs. In an intermodal preferential looking experiment, we establish that, by as early as 19 months of age, verb-based predictions are lexicalized: children encode the syntactic distributions of particular verbs and use those distributions to make predictions, but they do not assume that these can be used for verbs in general. knowledge from specific lexical Our data suggests that syntactic knowledge begins with abstract categories and that lexically specific distributional information informs the development of parsing strategies, but not the knowledge itself. That knowledge is revealed when we take away children’s ability to rely on lexically specific knowledge, as in the current study.
Lightweight global and local contexts guided method name recommendation with prior knowledge

The quality of method names is critical for the readability and maintainability of source code. However, it is often challenging to construct concise method names. To alleviate this problem, a number of approaches have been proposed to automatically recommend high-quality names for methods. Despite being effective, existing approaches meet their bottlenecks mainly in two aspects: (1) the leveraged information is restricted to the target method itself; and (2) lack of distinctions towards the contributions of tokens extracted from different program contexts. Through a large-scale empirical analysis on +12M methods from +14K real-world projects, we found that (1) the tokens composing a method’s name can be frequently observed in its callers/callees; and (2) tokens extracted from different specific contexts have diverse probabilities to compose the target method’s name. Motivated by our findings, we propose, in this paper, a context-guided method name recommender, which mainly embodies two key ideas: (1) apart from the local context, which is extracted from the target method itself, we also consider the global context, which is extracted from other methods in the project that have call relations with the target method, to include more useful information; and (2) we utilize our empirical results as the prior knowledge to guide the generation of method names and also to restrict the number of tokens extracted from the global contexts. We implemented the idea as Cognac and performed extensive experiments to assess its effectiveness. Results reveal that can (1) perform better than existing approaches on the method name recommendation task (e.g., it achieves an F-score of 63.2%, 60.8%, 66.3%, and 68.5%, respectively, on four widely-used datasets, which all outperform existing techniques); and (2) achieve higher performance than existing techniques on the method name consistency checking task (e.g., its overall accuracy reaches 76.6%, outperforming the state-of-the-art MNire by 11.2%). Further results reveal that the caller/callee information and the prior knowledge all contribute significantly to the overall performance of Cognac.
POLITICAL ELITES, DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION: THEORY AND EMPIRICS

We develop a theoretical model to study the interaction of political elite’s de facto power, democratization and education. We focus on the control of de facto political power as the driving force behind the elite’s decision to subsidize or not subsidize education, and to support or not support democratization (political reform). Assuming a society where a small elite control de facto political power, our model tries to identify the conditions under which the elite support democracy and/or education. We find that under some conditions, the elite may overcompensate the loss of de jure power (as a result of political reform or democratization) by investing too much in de facto power (as in Acemoglu and Robinson, 2006) so that the probability to have de facto power is higher under democracy than under non-democracy. We show that depending on whether citizens’ education has increasing or decreasing returns, the elite may or may not support education subsidy under democracy. We use panel data from a large group of African countries and test this prediction at the macro level. The results we obtain offer useful insights into the differences we observe in the elite’s preferences for investing in the education of the masses in countries at comparable levels of democratization; and the differences we note in levels of democracy across countries with comparable educational levels.