Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations∗ (Preliminary and Incomplete)

We report estimates of the dynamic effects of a technology shock, and then use these to estimate the parameters of a dynamic general equilibrium model with money. We find: (i) a positive technology shock drives up hours worked, consumption, investment and output; (ii) the positive response of hours worked reflects that the Fed has in practice accommodated technology shocks; (iii) model parameter values and functional forms that match the response of macroeconomic variables to monetary policy shocks also work well for technology shocks; (iv) while technology shocks account for a large fraction of the lower frequency component of economic fluctuations, they account for only a small part of the business cycle component of fluctuations. ∗Christiano and Eichenbaum are grateful for the financial support of a National Science Foundation grant to the National Bureau of Economic Research. We are grateful for helpful comments from Susanto Basu, Charles Evans, Adrian Pagan, Valerie Ramey and Harald Uhlig. We particularly want to thank Eduard Pelz for excellent research assistance. This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, or the Riksbank. †Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland ‡Northwestern University, National Bureau of Economic Research, and Federal Reserve Banks of Chicago and Cleveland. §Northwestern University, National Bureau of Economic Research, and Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. ¶Sverigse Riksbank
Deathucation: On Childhood Bereavement and Drama Therapy

This literature review is on childhood bereavement and drama therapy. The author examines current theories of childhood bereavement, including the chronic sorrow model, the duel process coping model, the tasks of grieving, and a three-part model that looks at significant mitigating factors relating to the death of a loved one. Efficacy of bereavement interventions is discussed. An in-depth look the current literature shows what children need from bereavement interventions. The history of drama therapy and childhood bereavement is also discussed. This paper concludes with a discussion on themes that are identified in the research as being helpful to bereavement including psychoeducation, communication, expression, support, reinvestment in life, continuing connection, opportunity to say goodbye, inclusion of trauma interventions, and joy.
Kauriphanes n. gen., a new genus of braconid parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from New Zealand

Abstract A new genus belonging to the braconid wasp subfamily Doryctinae, Kauriphanes n. gen. (type species K. khalaimi n. sp.), is described from New Zealand. This genus is placed within the doryctine subtribe Caenophanina. The extent of this subtribe is discussed and the phylogenetic relationships of three of its genera were investigated using one mitochondrial and one nuclear DNA sequence markers. Similar to previous studies, the Bayesian analyses performed significantly support a clade with the included members of Caenophanina as a sister group of a clade with the examined species of Spathiini sensu stricto. The placement of the Caenophanini within Doryctini, however, is left pendant to further exhaustive phylogenetic studies. A key to genera and subgenera belonging to Caenophanina is given.
O alagamento do solo afeta a sobrevivência, o crescimento e o metabolismo de Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Lamiaceae)?

Visando a elucidar aspectos da tolerância a hipoxia, plantas de Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Lamiaceae) foram submetidas a diferentes periodos de inundacao. A sobrevivencia, o crescimento, a condutância estomatica e a fotossintese foram avaliados. Houve mortalidade de 33,3% das plantas alagadas. Dentre as 66,7% sobreviventes, a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) de raizes, caule, folhas e da planta inteira foi inferior a TCR das plantas cultivadas em solo drenado. As plantas alagadas apresentaram producao de raizes diageotropicas, maior abscisao foliar e baixa producao de novas folhas. O alagamento provocou reducao na condutância estomatica e na taxa fotossintetica. Sugere-se que A. sellowiana possui intolerância ao alagamento do solo.
Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) Aggregating Behavior Investigated by a Subtidal Multifactorial Experiment

We performed a multilevel factorial field experiment to identify the effects of five factors on sea urchins' (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) aggregating behavior. The factors were (1) source of urchins (kelpbed or barrens), (2) density of urchins (high or low), (3) location of treatment (kelpbed or barrens), (4) the presence and type of invertebrate predators (crabs or lobsters), and (5) season (summer or winter). These manipulative experiments were performed in flexible, resilient cages designed to withstand the severe wave surge in Nova Scotia's shallow subtidal environment. Interactions identified by ANOVA among the various factors showed that urchins aggregate more at high (20∙m−2) than at low (4∙m−2) density. The presence of lobsters in the kelpbed, and of crabs in the barrens, triggered the formation of even larger aggregations. These aggregations remain in the open even in the presence of predators. We argue that this behavioral mechanism (a defensive aggregation response to lobsters in the kel.
Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science Research, 8(1):44-51, January 2019 (ISSN 1485-8059 (Available at www.nijophasr.com)

The effect of hydrocarbon adulterated diets on male fertility has been of grave concern to researchers. This study evaluated the effects of bitter leaf methanol extract on petroleum-induced testicular damage. Rattus norvegicus species of albino rats were allotted into six sets. Each set composed six rats. The sets were defined as follows: Set A was rats fed Feed without any treatment; Sets B and C were given feed without treatment and measured doses of bitter leaf extract; Set D was fed unrefined petroleum tainted feed; Sets E and F were given tainted feed and doses of bitter leaf extract used in sets B and C, respectively. After the exposure period, testes were removed from sacrificed animals and clinical investigation carried out. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for data comparison. The results revealed that unrefined petroleum tainted diets meaningfully (P < 0.05) prompted testicular metabolic stress indicators, while significantly (P < 0.05) plummeting the antioxidant defense markers compared to control. Administration of bitter leaf extract was not able to ameliorate altered indices of stress but contributed to increase in testicular metabolic stress. The study concluded that bitter leaf enhanced testicular damage imposed by unrefined petroleum adulterated feed and may possibly have a noxious effect on the testes.
First report of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii causing bacterial blight of geranium in Turkey

In the spring 2006 and 2008 a serious outbreak of a suspected bac- terial blight disease was observed on zonal geranium ( Pelargonium hortorum ) and ivy geranium ( P. peltatum ) plants grown for potted production in commercial greenhouses in the Turkish cities Adana, Mersin, Izmir and Istanbul. Disease symptoms on P. hortorum were V-shaped leaf yellowing, wilting, and stem necrosis but not leaf spots. The vascular system was discoloured, dark brown to black. However, the disease symptoms on P. peltatum were typically small round leaf spots or large, angular necrotic areas on leaf surfaces with stem necrosis but not wilting. Round leaf spots begin as small (2–5 mm), pale yel-ª
Experimental bases for the minimum interaction theory. I. Chromosome evolution in ants of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)

Chromosome evolution in primitive Australian ants of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex is investigated in the context of the minimum interaction theory. Under the minimum interaction theory, selection favors rearrangements tending to reduce the occurrence of deleterious chromosomal mutations, and hence chromosome numbers are expected to increase. The complex is chromosomally highly heterogeneous (2n = 2-32), and comprises at least 5 karyotypically distinct species: M. croslandi (2n=2-4), M. imaii (2n=6-8), M. banksi (2n=9-10), M. haskinsorum (2n=12-24), and M. pilosula (2n=18-32). Statistical considerations using the karyograph method and chromosomal alteration network analysis indicate that chromosome evolution of the complex proceeds as a whole towards increase in chromosome number by centric fission and, inversions converting chromosomes from aero- to metacentrics (A-M-inversion). These conclusions are consistent with the predictions of the minimum interaction theory. Both centric fusion and A-M-inversion serve to eliminate constitutive heterochromatin (visible as C-bands), which appears to increase in a saltatory fashion after centric fission, probably due to telomere instability. Newly observed phenomena which we term "fusion burst" and "fission burst" suggest that rates of chromosome evolution in M. pilosula have fluctuated with time.
Modelling the ecological constraints on growth and movement of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the Hudson River estuary

Juvenile fishes often face conditions that force them to experience fitness trade-offs (e.g., foregoing a rich food patch because of high risk of predation). In this study, three aspects of the environment of juvenile American shad: food availability, predation risk, and “thermal risk” (defined here as the probability of the onset of adverse temperatures; ≤9°C, the temperature at which feeding ceases), are evaluated empirically with data from the Hudson River estuary in New York State. The evaluations are then used in dynamic programming models to determine when juvenile American shad should switch habitat (upper versus middle versus lower estuary), and, in combination with a simple bioenergetic model, to determine growth trajectories for fish spawned at different times in the spawning season. Comparisons of simulations with real data suggest that scenarios in which predation risk is highest in the lower river produce the most realistic patterns of habitat use. High upriver food availability in June promotes use of the upriver habitat; however, by September most size classes of fish utilize the middle estuary, and by late October, fish move to the lower estuary (even in the face of higher predation risk), due to a combination of lower food resources and thermal risks in the upper and middle estuary.
Silver ions inhibit the ethylene‐stimulated production of ripening‐related mRNAs in tomato

Abstract. Silver ions effectively inhibited both the initiation and the continuation of tomato (Lyeopersicon esculentum Mill) ripening. Studies of protein synthesis in vivo showed that application of 2 mol m−3 silver thiosulphate to mature green fruit prevented the appearance of several novel proteins associated with ripening, including the softening enzyme polygalacturonase. However, total protein synthesis, as judged by the incorporation of [35S] methionine into proteins, continued unabated after silver treatment. Ripening was also arrested when silver was supplied after ripening had begun. The accumulation of several ripening-related mRNAs, including that for polygalacturonase, was studied by translation in vitro and using cDNA clones as hybridization probes. Silver was shown to prevent the appearance of polygalaturonase mRNA when supplied to mature green fruit and to cause a rapid reduction in the concentration of mRNA for polygalacturonase and other ripening-related proteins when supplied after ripening had begun. It is proposed that silver exerts its effects due to interaction with the ethylene perception mechanism. The results suggest that perception of ethylene is vital not only for the initiation of ripening but also for the continued expression of genes required for ripening.
REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF ARTIFICIALLY BRED HOLSTEINS IN QUEBEC

A total of 2216 lactations, initiated between July 1973 and June 1976, of 1382 Holstein cows in 36 herds from the Nicolet, Rock Forest and St-Hyacinthe regions of Quebec were studied. All cows were bred exclusively by AI. Mean services per conception, percent conception on first service, days from calving to first service and days open were 1.97 services, 47%, 88 days and 121 days, respectively. Based on maximum likelihood estimates of cow and error variance components, repeatabilities of services per conception, days from calving to first service and days open were 0.04, 0.09 and 0.07, respectively. Cows calving in spring had better reproductive performance than those calving during other times of the year. Reproductive efficiency was lower among both 2-yr-old and mature cows compared to intermediate aged cows. Lower reproductive efficiency was also associated with cows at high milk production levels. As herd size increased, conception rates declined. Herds feeding at high levels of net energy had higher.
Hydrostatic Pressure-induced Aggregation of Myosin Molecules in 0.5M KCl at pH 6.0

Myosin dissolved in 0.5 M KCl at pH 6.0 was exposed to hydrostatic pressure up to 210 MPa for 30 min. Turbidity of myosin solutions did not change after application of pressure at 70 MPa, while it gradually increased with extending duration of pressurization at 140 MPa, and it markedly increased within 5 min at 210 MPa. Sedimentation velocity measurements indicated that myosin molecules associated to form aggregates upon pressurization. Electron microscopic observation confirmed that increasing hydrostatic pressure induced aggregation of myosin molecules. After exposure to and release of 70 MPa, most myosin molecules were in the monomeric state like the unpressurized control; however, some monomeric myosin had a one-headed shape instead of the two heads of an intact molecule. With increasing pressure, myosin heads were tightly packed, forming a clump and the tails of myosin molecules extended radially from the clump. Neither tail to head nor tail to tail interaction occurred. The shape of pressure-induced.
The ability of rufous hummingbirds Selasphorus rufus to dilute and concentrate urine

Most terrestrial animals face the challenge of having to conserve water in a desiccating environment. Not surprisingly, the ability to produce concentrated urine has been relatively well studied in birds. Nectar-feeding birds are unusual among terrestrial animals in that they often ingest and excrete prodigious water volumes to obtain adequate energy. Thus, they confront the unusual challenge of having to conserve electrolytes. The diluting abilities of birds and the renal mechanisms that may correlate with them have been relatively neglected. To elucidate diluting and concentrating abilities in nectar-feeding birds, we fed rufous hummingbirds Selasphorus rufus an electrolyte-free nectar and a nectar containing a range of NaCl concentrations. Hummingbirds had a spectacular (and possibly unique) diluting ability: when fed on electrolyte-free food they produced excreta containing less than 0.5 mM l−1 each of sodium and potassium. Hummingbirds also had a poor concentrating ability, retaining sodium and chloride when their food (0.632 M l−1 sucrose) contained more than 35 mM l−1 of NaCl. The kidneys of hummingbirds do not appear to be suited for concentrating urine, and possibly contain structural features that give them a unique diluting ability compared with those of birds that do not feed on nectar.
Characterization of a substance produced by Azospirillum which causes branching of wheat root hairs

Previous studies have shown that Azospirillum or its culture filtrates induce root hairs in wheat seedlings to branch; this phenomenon is influenced by the bacterial genome at the strain level and by the plant genome at the cultivar level. Strain Sp245 caused most branching of root hairs; between wheat cultivars frequency of branching increased in the following order: cv. Tobari, cv. Tonari, cv. BH1146, cv. Lagoa. Similarly, plant growth response to inoculation with Azospirillum, measured in mature plants, increased in the same order, suggesting that both phenomena (root hair branching and plant growth response) have a similar basis. In this study, the "branching substance" present in Azospirillum culture filtrate was found to be thermostable at 100 °C, removed by dialysis, present in the acidic nonpolar fraction of the cell-free extract, and co-chromatographed with authentic indole acetic acid on thin-layer chromatograms. Purified indole acetic acid caused branching of root hairs similar to that caused b.
Conditions and Tasks : The Effects of Planning and Task Complexity on L2 Speaking

Motivated by different notion of task criteria in the Limited Attention Capacity Hypothesis and the Cognition Hypothesis, the purpose of this study is to investigate how planning and task complexity affect second language (L2) learners’ spoken performance. The study’s motivation is as follows: 1) the effects of online planning (as task condition) and task complexity (as task characteristics) and their interactions were examined; and 2) instead of repeated and redundant measures for complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF), multi-layered CAF measure indices were used to capture a careful performance. The study’s subjects were 77 undergraduates divided into four groups: no planning in simple task, no planning in complex task, online planning in simple task, and online planning in complex task. Online planning was modified from Yuan and Ellis’s (2003) and Wang’s (2009) studies, while task complexity was manipulated by [elements] and [reasoning]. The study employed 11 general and specific measure indices for CAF and found that no planning condition significantly enhanced overall accuracy and verb-related specific accuracy or speed and repair fluency regardless of task complexity. Meanwhile, task complexity significantly improved phrasal syntactic complexity regardless of planning. Based on these findings, the study explored two competing theories on L2 speaking.
Feeding ecology and foraging behaviour of impala Aepyceros melampus in Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda

Intersexual and seasonal variation in foraging behaviour of impala (Aepyceros melampus), was studied in the Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda. There was a moderate seasonal difference in foraging efficiency (as measured by ‘acceptable food abundance’), with a minimum in dry season and a maximum in Rainy season. The variation between sexes was more distinct with a pronounced minimum in time spent browsing of males in early wet season. By distinguishing between feeding time spent grazing and feeding time spent browsing the seasonal variation was confirmed. The proportion of foraging time spent feeding (expressed as ‘food ingestion rate’) showed an inverse pattern with a maximum in the late dry season (75.5%), decreasing values throughout the Rainy season and a minimum in early dry season (57.8%). Differences between sexes were explained in terms of reproductive demands and seasonal balance in terms of moderate climate throughout the year. Impala foraging patterns in the bimodal tropics (two Rainy seasons) is discussed and compared with unimodal tropics. The findings are matched against current ideas on optimal foraging.
The first recorded occurrence of Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudinidae) in Romania

The first recorded occurrence of Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudinidae) in Romania In 2005, a Hirudo verbana specimen was observed in Stracoş Valley, within the Tăşad Reserve (Bihor county, north-western Romania). Since the coloration pattern of this once forgotten species matches its genetic differentiation, the identification of the specimen as belonging to the southeastern European H. verbana appears plausible. The species was previously cited in southern, central and eastern Europe, but not in Romania. Therefore, the present observation might be its first recognized occurrence in the country. As recently pointed out, H. verbana is one of the three species commonly known as the European medicinal leech and the most abundant as such. Most international and national conservation legislation containing only H. medicinalis (including IUCN, CITES, Berne Convention) needs completion, according to the new taxonomy. Prima semnalare a prezenţei speciei Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 (Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Hirudinidae) în România Un exemplar de Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820 a fost observat şi fotografiat în 2005 în valea Stracoş (rezervaţia de la Tăşad, jud. Bihor). Coloraţia acestei specii recent revalidate în literatură (propusă în 1999 şi confirmată pe baze genetice în 2004 şi 2005) corespunde cu caracterizarea ei genetică faţă de celelalte specii ale genului, astfel că identificarea ulterioară a exemplarului observat apare ca fiind plauzibilă. Specia a fost citată anterior în sudul, centrul şi estul Europei, inclusiv în Ungaria şi Ucraina, dar nu şi în România. H. verbana e una dintre cele trei specii cunoscute în Europa drept lipitoarea medicinală, fiind cel mai intens folosită ca atare. De aceea, datele faunistice privind România, precum şi legislaţiile şi reglementările de mediu internaţionale şi naţionale, care se referă doar la H. medicinalis (IUCN, CITES, Convenţia de la Berna), necesită corecţii şi completări conform taxonomiei actualizate a genului Hirudo. Un spécimen d'Hirudo verbana a été observé en 2005 dans la vallée Stracoş de la réservation naturelle Tăşad (Bihor, dans le nord-ouest de la Roumanie). Lorsque le modèle de la coloration de cette espèce récemment révalidée correspond à sa caractérisation génétique, l'identification du spécimen observé est plausible. L'aréal connu d'Hirudo verbana comprend le sud, le centre et l'est de l'Europe, mais pas la Roumanie, donc cette obsérvation est la première occurence documentée dans ce pays. Récemment a été démontré que H. verbana est une des trois espèces de sangsues médicinales européennes et la plus utilisée. En conséquence, la plupart des législations internationales et nationales mentionnant seulement H. medicinalis (y compris IUCN, CITES, Convention de Berne) nécessitent des complétements en accord avec la nouvelle taxonomie du genre Hirudo.
Habitat use and movements of the rice-field rat, Rattus argentiventer, in West Java, Indonesia

Les mouvements, l'utilisation de l'habitat et la taille du territoire habituel du rat des rizieres, Rattus argentiventer ont ete determines dans les rizieres des plaines de l'ouest de Java en Indonesie. Nous avons capture 36 rats (20 mâles et 16 femelles) a 2 endroits pendant 5 semaines de riziculture en saison seche (juin-juillet 1997) et leurs deplacements ont ete suivis au moyen des collier radio-emetteurs. Pendant cette periode, les rizieres ont pousse jusqu'a la floraison. La taille minimale du domaine habituel des individus des deux sexes a ete determinee par la methode des polygones convexes (3.01 ± 0.9 ha pour les mâles et 1.97 ± 0.5 ha pour les femelles). La difference entre les deux estimations de taille des domaines n'est pas importante (P < 0.05). Les mâles se sont deplaces plus loin que les femelles en regle generale, et les individus des deux sexes se sont deplaces plus loin en Juin qu'en Juillet. La distance moyenne entre deux localisations pour les rats etait de 75 metre environ, mais il y avait aussi certains rats qui ont ete jusqu'a 480 metres. En juin les rats se trouvaient a l'interieur des terriers, la plupart (84%) dans les remblais au bord des rizieres. En juillet par contre, les rats se trouvaient plus souvent dans les rizieres (59%), ce qui coincide avec la densite de vegetation du riz pendant les premiers stades de sa croissance.