Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Deep Learning Applications in Streamflow Data Augmentation and Forecasting

The volume and variety of Earth data have increased as a result of growing attention to climate change and, subsequently, the availability of large-scale sensor networks and remote sensing instruments. This data has been an important resource for data-driven studies to generate practical knowledge and services, support environmental modeling and forecasting needs, and transform climate and earth science research thanks to the increased availability of computational resources and the popularity of novel computational techniques like deep learning. Timely and accurate simulation and modeling of extreme events are critical for planning and mitigation in hydrology and water resources. There is a strong need for short-term and long-term forecasts of streamflow, benefiting from recent developments in data availability and novel deep learning methods. In this study, we review the literature for studies that employ deep learning in tackling tasks that are either to improve the quality of the streamflow data or to forecast streamflow. The study aims to serve as a starting point by covering the latest developments of deep learning approaches in those topics as well as highlighting problems, limitations, and open questions with insights for future directions. This manuscript is an EarthArXiv preprint that is not peer-reviewed or submitted to a journal. Subsequent versions of this manuscript may have slightly different content. Please feel free to contact the corresponding author for feedback.
Dynamics of the Globular Cluster System Associated with M87 (NGC 4486). II. Analysis

We present a dynamical analysis of the globular cluster system associated with M87 (=NGC 4486), the cD galaxy near the dynamical center of the Virgo Cluster. The analysis utilizes a new spectroscopic and photometric database, which is described in a companion paper. Using a sample of 278 globular clusters with measured radial velocities and metallicities and new surface density profiles based on wide-field Washington photometry, we study the dynamics of the M87 globular cluster system both globally (for the entire cluster sample) and separately (for the metal-rich and metal-poor globular cluster samples). This constitutes the largest sample of radial velocities for pure Population II tracers yet assembled for any external galaxy. Our principal findings are summarized as follows:
Dietary and Nutrient Intake, Eating Habits, and Its Association with Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring’s Birth Weight in Pregnant Adolescents

Pregnant adolescents’ diet and eating habits are inadequate; however, their association with gestational weight gain (GWG) is uncertain. We aimed to analyze whether there is an association between dietary and nutrient intake and eating habits with GWG among pregnant adolescents and their offspring’s birth weight. A longitudinal study was performed with 530 participants. We assessed GWG and applied several tools, such as a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall, to obtain dietary and nutrient intake and eating habits. The birth weight of adolescents’ offspring was registered. Later, we performed crude and adjusted Poisson models. The mean age was 15.8 ± 1.3 years. Of all food groups, the lowest frequency of adequate intake corresponded to vegetables (7%) and legumes (10.2%). Excessive (36.8%) and insufficient (40.9%) GWG were observed. Pregnant adolescents with inadequate legumes intake increased the probability of excessive GWG: (PR 1.86 95% CI 1.00–3.44). Cereals and grains were positively associated with GWG: (PR 1.65, 95% CI 1.18–2.29). Energy, macronutrient intake, and eating habits were not associated with GWG. Offspring’s small gestational age (SGA) increased when pregnant adolescents had inadequate sugar-sweetened beverages intake: PR (1.58, 95% CI 1.01–2.49) and when pregnant adolescent watched television (TV). In our sample of Mexican adolescents, dietary and nutrient intake and eating habits were inadequate. Excessive dietary intake from cereals, grains, and animal-sourced foods along with insufficient legumes were associated with excessive GWG. Watching TV while adolescents ate was associated with the birth weight of the offspring.
The Effect of Resilience and Family Support Match on Psychological Distress among Women in the Menopausal Transition Based on Polynomial Regression and Response Surface Analysis

Menopausal transition (MT) is a natural process in women from reproductive decline to aging. During this period, women present with an increased prevalence of psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate how resilience and family support interact to influence psychological distress among women during MT. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 858 women during MT from Shandong Province. All participants completed the 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the family care degree questionnaire, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 24.0. Response surface analysis was used for polynomial regression and response surface analysis. The results of response surface analysis show that in the case of agreement between resilience and family support, the joint effect manifested as a negative curve (inverted U shape) related to the psychological distress of women during MT. In the case of disagreement, the joint effect manifested as a negative curve (inverted U shaped) related to psychological distress. Specifically, with increased variance in the degree of resilience and family support, women experienced less psychological distress. Both resilience and family support play an important role in protecting women from psychological distress, either alone or in combination. Future intervention studies targeting women during MT should consider the coordinated actions of resilience and family support.
Self-Medication for the Treatment of Abdominal Cramps and Pain—A Real-Life Comparison of Three Frequently Used Preparations

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are frequently handled by self-management with over-the-counter (OTC) products such as hyoscine butylbromide (HBB), alone or in combination with paracetamol, and natural products such as peppermint oil. To obtain real-world information, we have performed an anonymous pharmacy-based patient survey among 1686 users of HBB, HBB + paracetamol, and peppermint oil. Based on the distinct but overlapping indications for the three OTC products, multiple logistic regression was applied to compare them in users reporting gastrointestinal cramps and pain, bloating, flatulence, or IBS as cardinal symptoms. All three treatments reduced symptoms and associated impairments of work/daily chores, leisure activities, and sleep by approximately 50%. Based on the four cardinal symptoms and the four dependent continuous variables of interest (change in intensity of symptoms and of the three impairment domains) a total of 16 logistic regression models were applied. HBB, HBB + paracetamol, and peppermint oil had similar reported overall effectiveness in those models. Gender, age, baseline symptom severity, and impairment in one of three domains had small and inconsistent effects on perceived treatment success. We provide evidence that HBB, HBB + paracetamol, and peppermint oil have comparable effectiveness in their approved indications under real-world conditions in an OTC setting.
H0 Tension and the Phantom Regime: A Case Study in Terms of an Infrared f(T) Gravity

We propose an f(T) teleparallel gravity theory including a torsional infrared (IR) correction. We show that the governing Friedmann’s equations of a spatially flat universe include a phantom-like effective dark energy term sourced by the torsion IR correction. As has been suggested, this phantom phase does indeed act to reconcile the tension between local and global measurements of the current Hubble value H0. The resulting cosmological model predicts an electron scattering optical depth τe ≈ 0.058 at reionization redshift zre ∼ 8.1, in agreement with observations. The predictions are, however, in contradiction with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, particularly the distance indicators. We argue that this is the case with any model with a phantom dark energy model that has effects significant enough at redshifts z ≲ 2 as to be currently observable, the reason being that such a scenario introduces systematic differences in terms of distance estimates in relation to the standard model; e.g., if the angular diameter distance to the recombination era is to be kept constant while H0 is increased in the context of a phantom scenario, the distances there are systematically overestimated to all objects at redshifts smaller than recombination. But no such discrepancies exist between ΛCDM predictions and current data for z ≲ 2.
P -wave π π scattering and the ρ resonance from lattice QCD

National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575, PHY-1520996]; RHIC Physics Fellow Program of the RIKEN BNL Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-SC-0011090, DE-FC02-06ER41444]; European Union [642069]; HPC-LEAP joint doctorate program; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis antara siswa yang mendapat model problem-based learning dan discovery learning

The ability to think critically is still not optimal, this is because learning is not optimal. Therefore we need a variety of learning processes both approaches, methods, or innovative learning models to be able to improve the ability to think critically and mathematically. Learning models that support improving mathematical critical thinking skills are PBL models and DL models. The purpose of this study is to determine the mathematical critical thinking skills of students who get the PBL model better than the DL model. The research method used was a quasi-experimental study with a population of all grade XI students of SMA Negeri 11 Garut. Due to purpose sampling, the samples taken are two classes, namely class XI MIPA 5 as the experimental class I which gets the PBL model, and class XI MIPA 8 as the experimental class II which gets the DL model. The research instrument was used in the form of a description test and questionnaire. From the results of this study, it was concluded that the mathematical critical thinking ability that gets the PBL model is better than the DL model.Kemampuan berpikir kritis masih belum maksimal, hal ini dikarenakan pembelajaran yang belum optimal. Oleh karena itu di perlukan sebuah variasi proses pembelajaran baik pendekatan, metode, atau model pembelajaran yang inovatif untuk dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Model pembelajaran yang mendukung meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis adalah model PBL dan DL. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang mendapatkan model PBL lebih baik daripada model DL. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Garut. Karena pengambilan sampel purpose sampling maka sampel yang diambil sebanyak dua kelas yaitu kelas XI MIPA 5 sebagai kelas eksperimen I yang mendapatkan model PBL dan kelas XI MIPA 8 sebagai kelas eksperimen II yang mendapatkan model DL. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa tes uraian dan angket. Berdasarkan hasil analisis secara statistik diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis yang mendapatkan model PBL lebih baik dari pada model DL.
Electron-magnon scattering in elementary ferromagnets from first principles: Lifetime broadening and band anomalies

We study the electron-magnon scattering in bulk Fe, Co, and Ni within the framework of many-body perturbation theory implemented in the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method. To this end, a k-dependent self-energy describing the scattering of electrons and magnons is constructed from the solution of a Bethe-Salpeter equation for the two-particle (electron-hole) Green function, in which single-particle Stoner and collective spin-wave excitations (magnons) are treated on the same footing. Partial self-consistency is achieved by the alignment of the chemical potentials. The resulting renormalized electronic band structures exhibit strong spin-dependent lifetime effects close to the Fermi energy, which are strongest in Fe. The renormalization gives rise to kinks in the electronic band dispersion at low binding energies, which we attribute to electron scattering with spatially extended spin waves. Furthermore, we find a band anomaly at larger binding energies in iron, which results from a coupling of the quasihole with single-particle excitations that form a peak in the Stoner continuum.
Mending the structural surface effect of 1D stellar structure models with non-solar metallicities based on interpolated 3D envelopes

1D stellar evolution codes employ rudimentary treatments of turbulent convection. For stars with convective envelopes, this leads to systematic errors in the predicted oscillation frequencies needed for asteroseismology. One way of mending these structural inadequacies is through patching, whereby the outermost layers of 1D models are replaced by the mean stratifications from 3D simulations. In order to viably implement this approach in asteroseismic analysis, interpolation throughout precomputed 3D envelopes is required. We present a method that interpolates throughout precomputed 3D envelopes as a function of effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. We conduct a series of validation tests that demonstrate that the scheme reliably and accurately reproduces the structures of stellar envelopes and apply our method to the Sun as well as two stars observed by Kepler. We parameterize the frequency shift that results from patching and show that the functional forms are evolutionary dependent. In addition we find that neglecting modal effects, such as non-adiabatic energetics, introduces systematic errors in asteroseimically obtained stellar parameters. Both these results suggest that a cautious approach is necessary when utilizing empirical surface corrections in lieu of patching models. Our results have important implications, particularly for characterizing exoplanet systems, where accuracy is of utmost concern.
In Vivo Validation of a Novel Computational Approach to Assess Microcirculatory Resistance Based on a Single Angiographic View

(1) Background: In spite of the undeniable clinical value of the index of microvascular resistance (IMR) in assessing the status of coronary microcirculation, its use globally remains very low. The aim of this study was to validate the novel single-view, pressure-wire- and adenosine-free angiographic microvascular resistance (AMR) index, having the invasive wire-based IMR as a reference standard. (2) Methods: one hundred and sixty-three patients (257 vessels) were investigated with pressure wire-based IMR. Microvascular dysfunction (CMD) was defined by IMR ≥ 25. AMR was independently computed from the diagnostic coronary angiography in a blinded fashion. (3) Results: AMR demonstrated a good correlation (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) and diagnostic performance (AUC 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.97) compared with wire-based IMR. The best cutoff value for AMR in determining IMR ≥ 25 was 2.5 mmHg*s/cm. The overall diagnostic accuracy of AMR was 87.2% (95% CI: 83.0% to 91.3%), with a sensitivity of 93.5% (95% CI: 87.0% to 97.3%), a specificity of 82.7% (95% CI: 75.6% to 88.4%), a positive predictive value of 79.4% (95% CI: 71.2% to 86.1%) and a negative predictive value of 94.7% (95% CI: 89.3% to 97.8%). No difference in terms of CMD rate was described among different clinical presentations. (4) Conclusions: AMR derived solely from a single angiographic view is a feasible computational alternative to pressure wire-based IMR, with good diagnostic accuracy in assessing CMD.
Resolution Dependency of the Diurnal Cycle of Convective Clouds over the Tibetan Plateau in a Mesoscale Model( The International Workshop on High-Resolution and Cloud Modeling, 2006)

Sensitivity of precipitation diurnal cycle to the horizontal grid spacing was investigated using a mesoscale model without cumulus parameterization. Four numerical experiments with changing horizontal resolution are performed over one month with NCEP reanalysis boundary forcing. The studied range of grid spacing is from 3.5 km to 28 km which has been known as the intermediate scale to simulate mesoscale systems with/without cumulus parameterization. The target area is the Tibetan Plateau where pronounced diurnal cycle of convective systems is observed during the spring season.Lower resolution runs (14 and 28 km grid) show delayed formation and delayed mature stage of the cumulus convection in comparison to satellite observations. On the other hand, higher resolution runs (3.5 and 7 km grid) reproduce the proper development of the clouds after local noon which is consistent with observations. The total hydrometeor content and rainfall rate increase with grid size. Such systematic relationship of resolution dependencies are confirmed even in the monthly mean diurnal cycle, although most of previous studies examined only short periods. These results suggest that finer resolution at less than 7 kilometer is necessary to simulate realistic phase of the precipitation diurnal cycle over the Tibetan Plateau.The mechanism that is responsible for the resolution dependency is discussed. We suggest that the daytime convection which initially occurs due to unstable stratification over the Tibetan Plateau in spring tends to have a horizontal scale smaller than that is resolvable by the coarse resolution runs. The delayed cloud formation induces larger downward shortwave radiation, which increases surface fluxes and results in too strong rainfall in the coarser resolution runs.
Triply special relativity

We describe an extension of special relativity characterized by three invariant scales, the speed of light c, a mass {kappa}, and a length R. This is defined by a nonlinear extension of the Poincare algebra A, which we describe here. For R{yields}{infinity}, A becomes the Snyder presentation of the {kappa}-Poincare algebra, while for {kappa}{yields}{infinity} it becomes the phase space algebra of a particle in de Sitter spacetime. We conjecture that the algebra is relevant for the low energy behavior of quantum gravity, with {kappa} taken to be the Planck mass, for the case of a nonzero cosmological constant {lambda}=R{sup -2}. We study the modifications of particle motion which follow if the algebra is taken to define the Poisson structure of the phase space of a relativistic particle.
Polluted White Dwarfs: Mixing Regions and Diffusion Timescales

Many isolated white dwarfs (WDs) show spectral evidence of atmospheric metal pollution. Since heavy-element sedimentation timescales are short, this most likely indicates ongoing accretion. Accreted metals encounter a variety of mixing processes at the WD surface: convection, gravitational sedimentation, overshoot, and thermohaline instability. We present MESA WD models that explore each of these processes and their implications for inferred accretion rates. We provide diffusion timescales for many individual metals, and we quantify the regimes in which thermohaline mixing dominates over gravitational sedimentation in setting the effective settling rate of the heavy elements. We build upon and confirm earlier work finding that accretion rates as high as are needed to explain the observed pollution in DA WDs for Teff > 15,000 K, and we provide tabulated results from our models that enable accretion rate inferences from observations of polluted DA WDs. If these rates are representative of young WDs, we estimate that the total mass of planetesimal material accreted over a WD lifetime may be as high as , though this estimate is susceptible to potential selection biases and uncertainties about the nature of disk processes that supply accretion to the WD surface. We also find that polluted DB WDs experience much less thermohaline mixing than DA WDs, and we do not expect thermohaline instability to be active for polluted DB WDs with .
Effects of a Traction Device for Head Weight Reduction and Neutral Alignment during Sedentary Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Work on Postural Alignment, Muscle Properties, Hemodynamics, Preference, and Working Memory Performance

The forward head posture of visual display terminal (VDT) users induces various physical and cognitive clinical symptoms. However, few studies have been conducted to identify and solve problems associated with VDT posture. This study aimed to examine the adverse effects of VDT posture and the positive effects of traction-combined workstations by measuring postural alignment, muscle properties, blood velocity, preference, and working memory. Thirty-four healthy VDT users (18 males and 16 females aged 20–30 years) participated in the experiment at three workstations, including conventional (VDT_C), head support (VDT_S), and upright (VDT_U) workstations. They conducted 2-back working memory task. The craniovertebral angle (CVA), muscle tone and stiffness, blood velocity and visual analogue discomfort scale (VADS) were measured to examine the influence of workstations. VDT_C showed increased muscle tone or stiffness in the levator scapulae (LS), suboccipital muscle (SM), and sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and an increased reaction time (RT) in working memory. However, VDT_S showed decreased stiffness and tone of SM and improved comfort. In addition, VDT_U showed decreased stiffness or tone of the LS and SCM and improved blood velocity and RT. In conclusion, maintaining neutral alignment significantly improved working memory performance, muscle properties, and blood velocity.
Node Numbering Optimization in Structural Analysis

An algorithm is presented to produce an optimum node numbering system for a structure to be analyzed by the finite element method, reducing computer time and storage needs if “band solution” methods are used for solving the system of equations. Only nonzero off-diagonal elements of the connectivity matrix defining the topology of the structure are stored in a rectangular integer array. For every nonzero element causing the largest current bandwidth, the algorithm finds a pair of rows (and columns) to be interchanged in such a way that the bandwidth is either reduced or left unchanged. The process continues until the bandwidth is reduced either to the minimum or to the largest acceptable value, depending on the input parameters. A list of new node numbers is produced. New code numbers (listings of the elements) are also produced and punched in a set of cards ready to replace the old set.