Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
REDEFINITION OF Ceratoperidinium AND Pseliodinium (CERATOPERIDINIACEAE, DINOPHYCEAE) INCLUDING REASSIGNMENT OF Gymnodinium fusus, Cochlodinium helix and C. pirum to Pseliodinium

The dinoflagellate genus Cochlodinium is polyphyletic, and several bloom-forming species in this genus, such as Cochlodinium helix and C. convolutum , are in need of reclassification. The molecular data revealed that the polymorphic species Gymnodinium fusus (= Ceratoperidinium falcatum , Gyrodinium caudatum , Gyrodinium falcatum , Gyrodinium sugashimanii , Pseliodinium vaubanii ) is closely related to Cochlodinium helix / C. convolutum . There are significant morphological differences among the type species of Ceratoperidinium , C. margalefii , and the aforementioned species. The recent proposal of the genus Kirithra reinforces the need of the generic split between C. margalefii and Gymnodinium fusus/C. helix/C. convolutum , instead of placing all the species under the genus Ceratoperidinium . Pseliodinium is considered the earliest available generic name, and new combinations of Pseliodinium are proposed for Gymnodinium fusus , Cochlodinium helix and C. pirum (the latter considered co-specific with C. convolutum ) Redefinicion de Ceratoperidinium y Pseliodinium (Ceratoperidiniaceae, Dinophyceae), incluyendo la reasignacion de Gymnodinium fusus , Cochlodinium helix y C. pirum a Pseliodinium El genero de dinoflagelados Cochlodinium es polifiletico, y varias especies formadoras de proliferaciones como Cochlodinium helix y C. convolutum necesitan una reclasificacion. Los datos moleculares muestran que la especie polimorfica Gymnodinium fusus (= Ceratoperidinium falcatum , Gyrodinium caudatum , Gyrodinium falcatum , Gyrodinium sugashimanii , Pseliodinium vaubanii ) esta cercanamente emparentada con Cochlodinium helix / C. convolutum . Hay diferencias significativas en la morfologia entre la especie tipo de Ceratoperidinium , C. margalefii , y las especies mencionadas anteriormente. La reciente propuesta del genero Kirithra refuerza la necesidad de una separacion generica entre C. margalefii y Gymnodinium fusus / C. helix / C. convolutum , en lugar de emplazar todas las especies en el genero Ceratoperidinium . Pseliodinium se considera como el primer nombre generico disponible, y se proponen nuevas combinaciones de Pseliodinium para Gymnodinium fusus , Cochlodinium helix y C. pirum (esta ultima especie considerada conespecifica con C. convolutum ).
The Role of Ubiquitin on Yeast Proteasome Dynamics in Quiescence

The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates protein degradation. Although proteasomes localize in the nucleus of proliferating Saccharomyces cerevisiae, they are sequestered into cytoplasmic proteasome storage granules (PSG) in quiescence. Although important for cell cycle regulation and mediating external stressors, the content and structure of these membraneless PSGs remain unknown. Yeast deletion genetic screens identified several ubiquitin-related genes involved in proteasome sequestration into PSGs. This study aims to determine whether changes in free ubiquitin levels or ubiquitin post-translational modifications affect proteasome dynamics in quiescence. Unlike the wild-type, PSGs were not seen in catalytically inactive Ubp6 mutant strains in quiescence and proteasomes failed to be imported into the nucleus upon the resumption of cell growth. Although no significant differences in proteasome configurations were observed, Western blot analysis of these mutants suggests the presence of post-translationally modified monoubiquitinated proteasomes in quiescence. Ubiquitin modification may target proteasomes towards lysozomal degradation rather than into PSGs for storage.
Isolation and expression analyses of KLUH gene in developing seeds and enhanced seed oil in KLUH overexpressing Brassica juncea transgenics

Abstract Improving oil yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) is exigent as it is a major oilseed crop of Indian subcontinent, which has severe shortage of vegetable oil production in the world. Some of the regulators of seed development have been shown to improve oil yield in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis KLUH (AtKLUH), a maternal regulator of seed size, has been shown to control seed oil content. In this study, we identified three homologs of AtKLUH in B. juncea, BjKLUH1, BjKLUH2-1 and BjKLUH2-2. We observed that BjKLUH1 differentially expresses in developing seeds in B. juncea accessions with varying seed size and oil content. Further, analyses for seed oil content in B. juncea transgenics carrying AtKLUH demonstrated an increase in seed oil up to 8.3% compared to wild-type plants. The results of this study suggest that KLUH may have a role in seed development and is a good candidate for engineering seed oil accumulation in B. juncea.
Pollen Tube Growth and Embryo Sac Development in ‘Pozna Plava’ Plum Cultivar Related to Fruit Set

A newly released, late ripening plum cultivar ‘Pozna Plava’ sets fruit poorly, although it produces high quality fruit. This study aimed to evaluate which factors in the reproductive process could be related to the lack of fruit set. In two consecutive years, establishment of a suitable polleniser and the stage of ovule development at anthesis as well as initial and final fruit set have been studied. In addition to this, the impact made by temperature fluctuations on the interaction between male gametophytes and female sporophytes was also analysed. Growth of the pollen tubes in the style and penetration into the nucellus as well as fruit set were more effective in cross-pollination than in open and self-pollination. A relative delay in ovule development was observed, and most ovules had an embryo sac with eight nuclei. Considering the results of the quantitative parameter study of pollen tube growth in the ovary as well as the results of the stage of ovule development, a conclusion can be made that this cultivar is characterised by an extremely short effective period of pollination.
Resource utilization of wasted black pulping liquor for biodiesel production by Scenedesmus obliquus

ABSTRACT The possibility of application of black liquor for oil-riched algae cultivation is inspected. The results show that after ligin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis, the hydrolysate of black liquor contained 9.18 g L−1 of reducing sugar. When the hydrolysate was used for Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) cultivation, a 1.23 g L−1, 24.52%, and 23.20 mg L−1d−1 was obtained for growth yield, oil content, and the lipid productivity, seperately. The hemicellulose was extracted from black liquor and hydrolyzed. With addition of 3 g L−1 yeast extract, the growth yield of S. obliquus in hemicellulose hydrolysate increased to 2.7 g L−1, an increase of 26.8% than that of in glucose medium, oil content was 25.7% and the final lipid productivity reached 53.37 mg L−1d−1. The results indicate that black liquor can not be directly used by microalgae, but with approprate treatment, the carbohydrate of it could be recovered and uitilized for the oil production from microalgae.
Grasslands maintained with frequent fire promote cold‐tolerant species

Humans are increasing the number, magnitude and pace of environmental stressors – drivers that reduce growth and biomass – on ecological communities (IPCC 2013), altering species persistence and community composition. For example, the intensification of existing stressors (e.g., drought; Cook, Miller, & Seager, 2009), introduction of novel stressors (e.g., N deposition; Stevens et al., 2015) and alterations of evolutionarily important stress regimes (e.g., disturbance regimes such as fire, grazing; Brooker & Callaghan, 1998; IPCC 2013) Received: 24 July 2017 | Accepted: 9 March 2018 DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12635
Conventional Microbiology, Salmosyst Method and Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Comparison in the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Raw Hamburgers

The fast and reliable detection of Salmonella spp. in foods is increasingly important. Although conventional microbiological analyses are the reference and the most widely used methodologies for that end, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is today regarded as a sensitive and specific protocol to detect the bacteria. The present study compares the conventional microbiology method, the Salmosyst method and PCR to detect the presence of Salmonella spp. in raw beef and chicken and beef mix hamburgers marketed in the city of Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Of the 80 hamburger samples analyzed, 32 (40.0%) were contaminated with Salmonella spp. , of which 14 (17.5%) were identified only by conventional microbiology, 10 (12.5) only by PCR, and 8 (10.0%) by both methods. Conventional microbiology and PCR produced similar true positive rates, though conventional microbiology was more efficient to detect true negatives. Both beef and chicken and beef mix hamburgers pose health risks. Both methodologies were efficient, proving the usefulness in microbiological monitoring and controlling in the food industry.
Introduction to Soil Microbiology

Characterizes soil microflora from descriptive and functional viewpoints; considers the biological processes that take place in the soil and their importance to soil fertility, plant growth, and environmental quality. Deals with the biochemical basis for soil processes, including microbial ecology, the carbon and nitrogen cycles, mineral transformation, and ecological interrelationships.
The Effect of Substitution of Cytoplasmic Organelles on the Responses of Wheat to Foliar Pathogens

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . ix LIST OF FIGURES . x LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES . xii GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW . 3 Wheat history, production, and issues, globally and locally . 3 Wheat History . 3 Global Wheat Production . 3 Wheat Production in the United States . 4 Wheat Production in North Dakota. 5 Issues in Wheat Production Globally and Locally . 5 Introducing an Alien Cytoplasm . 7 Tan spot disease . 11 History. 11 Taxonomy and Morphological Characteristics of P. tritici-repentis . 12 Life Cycle. 14 Classification of P. tritici-repentis Based on Host-Selective Toxins (HSTs) . 15 Nomenclature of P. tritici-repentis’ HSTs . 18
Effects of glutamate and aspartate on growth performance, serum amino acids, and amino acid transporters in piglets

ABSTRACT This study mainly investigated the effects of different dietary levels of glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) on growth performance, blood amino acids, and amino acid transporters in piglets. Forty-two healthy piglets were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7): a control group in which piglets were fed 2.9% Glu and 1.5% Asp and other groups in which piglets received 1.3% or 1.7% Asp and 2.6%, 3.2%, or 3.5% Glu for 21 days. Growth performance, serum amino acid profiles from the mesenteric vein, portal vein, and anterior vena cava, and amino acid transporters in the liver were determined. The results showed that lower doses of Asp promoted growth and enhanced the amino acids, while high doses of Asp and Glu reduced growth and the amino acid pool in piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 3.2% Glu increased branched chain amino acids in the portal vein and anterior vena cava (P < 0.05). 3.5% Glu downregulated SLC7A1, SLC7A7, and SLC6A19 expression in the liver (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicated that different dietary doses of Glu and Asp influenced growth performance and serum amino acid.
Colmena: colección de microorganismos edáficos y endófitos nativos, para contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria nacional

COLMENA (www.itson.mx/colmena), is a collection of microorganisms focused on the conservation, classification, characterization, and transfer of native microorganisms isolated from diverse agro-systems, and other habitats. The objective of this collection is to protect the microbial diversity associated with changes in land use, reducing the degradation of soils. So far, soil microorganisms from two important agricultural regions in Mexico have been isolated, the Yaqui Valley, Sonora and the Valley of Fuerte, Sinaloa. Currently, COLMENA conserves approximately 1 446 strains of soil microorganisms associated with various agricultural crops, such as: wheat (448), corn (313), alfalfa (54), broccoli (51), beans (35), among others. Recently, the taxonomic classification of 353 bacterial and fungal strains-through the amplification of the 16S RNAr and 5.8S RNAr genes- has been concluded, noting that the most abundant bacterial genera are Bacillus (27%), Pseudomonas (8%) and Stenotrophomonas. (6%), while the most abundant fungal genera were Aspergillus (8%), Penicillium (3%) and Myrothecium (3%). On the other hand, the metabolic characterization of a fraction of the collection was also carried out, finding that 3% of the microbial collection has the capacity to produce indoles (> 5 mg/L), the solubilization of phosphorus and the production of siderophores it was observed in 36% and 61% of the strains analyzed (396), respectively. Only 3% of the total microbial collection has been identified as producing cellulases and 11% of a total of 258 strains analyzed showed β-hemolysis. These results show the versatility of these microbial strains as potential cost-effective alternatives for agro-industrial practices, focused on contributing to global food security.
Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems Inside and Outside a Caribbean Marine Protected Area

Recent widespread shallow coral reef loss has led to calls for more holistic approaches to coral reef management, requiring inclusion of all ecosystems interacting with coral reefs in management plans. Yet almost all current reef management is biased towards shallow reefs, and overlooks that many reef species can also be found on mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; reefs 30 −150 m). This study presents the first detailed quantitative characterisation of MCEs off Cozumel, in the Mexican Caribbean and provides insights into their general state. We investigate whether MCEs within the marine park have similar ecological communities to mesophotic reefs outside protection, despite widely recognised shallow reef impacts outside the protected area. Results show some taxon specific differences in MCE benthic communities between sites within the protected area and areas outside; although overall communities are similar. Regardless of protection and location, and in contrast to shallow reefs, all observed Cozumel MCEs were continuous reefs dominated by calcareous macroalgae, sponges, octocorals, and black corals. Hard corals were present on MCEs, but at low abundance. We found that 42.5 % of fish species recorded on Cozumel could be found on both shallow reefs and MCEs, including many commercially-important fish species. This suggest that MCEs may play a role in supporting fish populations. However, regardless of protection status and depth we found that large-body fishes (>500 mm) were nearly absent at all studied sites. MCEs should be incorporated into the existing shallow-reef focused management plan in Cozumel, with well informed and implemented fisheries and harvesting regulations.
Diversity of small mammal communities of the Tuscan Archipelago: testing the effects of island size, distance from mainland and human density

Abstract. Barn owl pellets were analyzed for comparing the small mammal fauna among three islands of Tuscan archipelago, Italy. Rarefaction analyses and diversity analyses were used on barn owl pellet samples at a total of 18 sites. Apodemus sylvaticus appeared the most abundant species in Elba and Capraia, and Mus musculus in Pianosa. Diversity profiles showed that Pianosa and Elba were very similar in terms of dominance and evenness profiles, whereas Capraia had higher dominance and lower evenness. Using our original data and literature review, we found that 5 species are found in Pianosa, 1 in Giannutri, 0 in Montecristo, 5 in Giglio, 7 in Elba, 6 in Capraia, and 1 in Gorgona. There was no effect of island area, human population size, or linear distance from mainland on species richness.
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranean) AS REVEALED BY MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF THE SEEDS’ PROTEINS

Nine accessions of Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. ,syn. Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars ex DC. ) obtained from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Oyo state, were assessed for their genetic and phylogenetic relatedness through electrophoretic analysis of the seed proteins. 0.2g of the seeds were weighed and macerated with mortar and pestle in 0.2M phosphate buffer containing 0.133M of acid (NaH 2 PO 4 ) and 0.067 of base (Na 2 HPO 4 ) at pH 6.5. Protein characterization with standard marker revealed that the seeds of the nine accessions contained proteins (B.S.A, Oval Albumin, Pepsinogen, Trypsinogen and Lysozyme) with molecular weights ranging from 66kda and above, 45 – 65 kDa, 44 – 33 kda, 32-24 kDa and 23-14 kDa, respectively. The student T-test revealed that accessions B, C, E, F, H and I have molecular weights not significantly different from one another (P 0.05). All the accessions had at least two proteins and two major bands in common. The study revealed intra-specific similarities and genetic diversity in protein contents among the nine accessions of Bambara groundnut ( Vigna subterraranea ( L.) Verdc.syn
Studies on the epizootiology of canine cestodes, particularly Taenia multiceps and ovine coenurosis

In a survey of 552 sheep flocks in Dyfed, Wales, carried out in 1973, coenurosis occurred in 375 (68%) with an estimated average annual flock incidence of between 2.5 and 3.0%. Evidence of infection with the larval stage of Taenia multiceps was found in 58/1000 (5.8%) lambs sent for slaughter. Taenia multiceps was recovered from 37/320 (11.5%) dogs on 20/100 sheep breeding farms, 3/39 (7.7%) dogs on 2/18 sheep wintering farms and 41/552 (7.4%) hounds in 4/12 packs. The frequency of cestode infection in farm dogs and hounds was closely associated with the feeding of uncooked meat and offal and the absence of regular anthelmintic treatment. Only one (0.6%) of 166 pet dogs and one (0.26%) of 387 foxes examined harboured Taenia multiceps and neither were considered to be of importance in the epizootiology of Taenia multiceps. Dogs were experimentally infected with Taenia multiceps and remained infected for up to periods of six months or longer, and up to 21 proglottids were shed each day. Rabbits and mice could not be experimentally infected with oncospheres of Taenia multiceps, but lambs which were experimentally infected with the oncospheres developed acute or chronic coenurosis. Suspensions of oncospheres in distilled water remained viable at 3 - 11°C for periods up to eight weeks, but the coenurus was viable for no longer than four days in the intact skull at 9 - 11°C. The pathogenesis of acute and chronic coenurosis, with particular reference to the clinical signs, clinical pathology, pathology and immunology, was studied in experimentally infected lambs and selected field cases of the disease.
Majority of choice-related variability in perceptual decisions is present in early sensory cortex

While performing challenging perceptual tasks such as detecting a barely visible target, our perceptual reports vary across presentations of identical stimuli. This perceptual variability is presumably caused by neural variability in our brains. How much of the neural variability that correlates with the perceptual variability is present in the primary visual cortex (V1), the first cortical processing stage of visual information? To address this question, we recorded neural population responses from V1 using voltage-sensitive dye imaging while monkeys performed a challenging reaction-time visual detection task. We found that V1 population responses in the period leading to the decision correspond more closely to the monkey’s report than to the visual stimulus. These results, together with a simple computational model that allows one to quantify the captured choice-related variability, suggest that most of this variability is present in V1 as additive noise, and that areas downstream to V1 contain relatively little independent choice-related variability.
Chronic Toxicity of Indoxacarb and its Amelioration by Rhizome Powder of Hedychium spicatumin WLH Cockerels

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the chronic toxicity by determining biochemical parameters after prolong exposure with indoxacarb @ 250 ppm and its amelioration by concurrent administration of rhizome powder of Hydechiumspicatum (HSRP) @ 2000ppm and 4000ppm in feed for 16 weeks in WLH cockerels. The total protein, globulins, albumins and glucose levels in blood serum were significantly (P<0.05) decreased whereas direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT were significantly (P<0.05) increased in indoxacarb intoxicated cockerels groups indicating hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Simultaneous administration of HSRP in both 2000ppm and 4000pp min diet produced amelioration in biochemical profile of indoxacarb intoxicated cockerels. Thus, it is concluded that HSRP was effective in restoration of biochemical parameters and revealed hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects in 16 weeks feeding trial in cockerels.
Growth Regulation of Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) with Imazaquin and AC 263,222

Research was conducted in 1990 through 1992 to examine the vegetative and reproductive growth regulating activity of imazaquin and AC 263,222 on common bermudagrass. AC 263,222 at 0.06 kg ha−1, alone and in combination with imazaquin (0.21 kg ai ha−1), significantly reduced seedhead number, seedhead height, and vegetative canopy height for a 4-wk period after both May and July treatment. Imazaquin (0.42 kg ai ha−1) applied alone resulted in less turfgrass discoloration, but suppressed vegetative and reproductive growth of common bermudagrass less as compared with treatments containing AC 263,222.
Where do wintering cormorants come from? Long‐term changes in the geographical origin of a migratory bird on a continental scale

1. Populations of migratory birds often mix to a considerable extent in their wintering areas. Knowledge about the composition of wintering populations is highly relevant to management, not least for species such as the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, prone to conflicts with human interests. However, few studies have been able to estimate long-term changes in winter population composition. 2. We use 30 years of ringing and recovery data (1983-2013) from all major breeding populations of cormorants in continental Europe (except the Black Sea region) to estimate partitioning probabilities (i.e. the probabilities of moving to specific wintering areas) using a Bayesian capture-mark-recovery model. Combining these results with information on breeding numbers and reproductive output in a population model, we estimate the size and composition of wintering populations in Europe and North Africa. 3. Partitioning probabilities showed some variation over time, but were similar for first-winter and older birds. Cormorants from the western part of the breeding range tended to winter progressively further west over time. This may be a density-dependent response to the recent growth of more easterly breeding populations. 4. All wintering populations grew rapidly over the study period, and their composition showed pronounced changes. All wintering populations were composed of birds from many different breeding populations, but the proportion of cormorants of more easterly origin increased markedly over time in most wintering areas. 5. Policy implications. Cormorant wintering populations in Europe consist of mixtures of birds of different breeding origins. These mixtures are also highly variable over time. These factors reduce the chances of successfully limiting conflicts in specific wintering areas through, for example, regulation of breeding numbers in one breeding area. The dynamic nature of cormorant winter populations means that conflicts are best addressed when and where the conflict occurs, or on the scale of the entire continental population. It is unlikely that the latter will be cost-effective and politically realistic.