Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The circadian clock gene (Clock) regulates photoperiodic time measurement and its downstream process determining maternal induction of embryonic diapause in a cricket

In response to short days in autumn, most temperate multivoltine insects enter diapause, a state in which development or reproduction is suppressed or arrested, which serves to coordinate their development and physiology (or that of offspring) with annual changes in the environment (i.e. photoperiodism). This response is mediated by a measurement of time based on photoperiod (photoperiodic time measurement), which is thought to be regulated by a circadian clock. However, some studies also demonstrate the involvement of the circadian clock in an output process that generates phenotypes associated with diapause. To gain further insight into this, we silenced the Clock (Clk) gene, the main regulator of the circadian clock, in the band-legged ground cricket Dianemobius nigrofasciatus (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae). Silencing the Clk gene using RNA interference (Clk RNAi) in female crickets resulted in abnormal circadian rhythms under constant darkness and light-dark conditions, thereby indicating the central role of this gene in the circadian clock mechanism. Clk RNAi females exhibited long-day oviposition behaviour, even when reared under short-day conditions, thereby indicating the involvement of Clk in photoperiodic time measurement. In addition, Clk RNAi females immediately laid non-diapause-type eggs, which was not recorded in control females under either short-day or long-day conditions and cannot be explained in terms of dysfunction of photoperiodic time measurement. Accordingly, we speculate that Clk could also be involved in a downstream process that results in the laying of diapause-type eggs. * This paper was contributed to a virtual special issue in memory of Ivo Hodek, a long-time editor of the European Journal of Entomology, who died on June 11, 2021, shortly after his ninetieth birthday. INTRODUCTION Organisms have evolved a seasonal timing system that enables them to coordinate their development and physiology (or that of their offspring) with annual changes in the environment, using day length (photoperiod) as a cue (Tauber et al., 1986; Danks, 1987). This property is termed photoperiodism and an organism’s response to photoperiod is referred to as a photoperiodic response. Organisms measure the length of night or day using a measurement of time based on photoperiod (photoperiodic time measurement). In this regard, the most well-established photoperiodic event in insects is diapause, where development or reproduction is suppressed or arrested in conjunction with an extensive shutdown of metabolic activity (Košťál, 2006). The stages at which diapause occurs are species-specifi c and diapause at embryonic, larval or nymphal, pupal and adult stages have all been described (Denlinger et al., 2012). The period sensitive to photoperiod, during which an insect receives photoperiodic cues that trigger the photoperiodic Eur. J. Entomol. 119: 12–22, 2022 doi: 10.14411/eje.2022. 002
Evaluation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) fear among the medical college students of West Bengal, India

Corresponding author:Dr. Anupam Nath Gupta Associate professor, Department of Pharmacology North Bengal Medical College, India. Email: nathguptadranupam@yahoo.com Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a multifaceted respiratory infection. Most individuals worldwide, particularly health-care workers (HCWs), have experienced anxiety, fear, and depression due to the pandemic, resulting in psychological and mental stress. This study aimed to analyze the fear among medical college students of the West Bengal Province of India. In this study, data was collected online. Fear was among the students of different medical colleges of West Bengal was analyzed using the fear of coronavirus-19 scale (FCV-19s). SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Data of 232 students from different medical colleges reported a mean fear score of 17.15 ± 5.494. No statistically significant difference was observed between Pre-Clinical and Clinical years students (t (230) = 1.161, p>0.05). However, we found a significant difference in fear among genders, and females reported more fear (t (230) = -2.913, p=0.004). We found that 99% of the participants were vaccinated, and 13% were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X www.turkjphysiotherrehabil. org 29909 Fear is prevalent among medical college students. Counseling sessions should be 29908 conducted to improve the psychology that the pandemic has disrupted.
Assessment of the serum zinc levels in children aged 2 months to 5 years admitted with lower respiratory tract infections: A Case-Control study

Aim and objective: The study was planned to assess the serum zinc levels in children aged 2 months to 5 years admitted with lower respiratory tract infections and to study the association between low zinc levels and other known risk factors for lower respiratory tract infections. Material and Methods: This Case-Control study was done the Department of Pediatric, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India for 1 year. Total of 80 cases and 80 controls were enrolled in the study. Detailed General examination was carried out in the patients along with Respiratory system and other systemic examination and a clinical diagnosis was made and entered into the proforma. The details of blood investigations and imaging for confirmation of clinical diagnosis were also noted during the stay of the patient in the hospital. The serum zinc estimation was done by using colorimetric test. Results: The mean age of cases was 1.61±1.32 yrs and that of controls was 1.88±1.71 yrs. The Sex wise distribution of the cases and controls consisted of 51(63.75%) of cases being male and 29(36.25%) being female as compared to 49(61.25%) of controls being male and 31(38.75%) being female. The Mean serum zinc levels in the cases and controls, after comparison, were found to be significantly different (p=0.0001), with mean value for the cases being 59.64 ± 11.82 ug/dl as compared to 84.94 ± 15.83 ug/dl for the controls. A total of 45 cases and controls (28.12%) were found to have deficiency of zinc, of which majority (91.11%) were cases (normal range of 60 to 150 ug/dl). The difference in mean serum zinc levels of cases according to WHO IMNCI grading was statistically significant (p value = 0.0001) with cases belonging to Severe Pneumonia group (Mean = 43.23 ± 6.06 ug/dl) having significantly lower value than that of Pneumonia group (Mean = 66.24 ±7.77 ug/dl). we see serum zinc levels according to oxygen requirements, with cases managed on room air having mean of 65.93 ± 7.73 ug/dl, cases requiring supplemental oxygen by nasal prongs having mean of 61.31 ±10.12 ug/dl and cases requiring mechanical ventilation having mean of 40.88 ±7.07 ug/dl.The serum zinc analysis of patients according to outcome shows significantly lower zinc values (p value = 0.0001) in cases who eventually died due to the ALRTI and its complications (n = 13) as compared to those who got discharged after treatment (n=67). Conclusion: The deficiency of zinc causes the patient to have a more serious form of the disease, requiring patient to be hospitalized for longer duration as well as requiring higher oxygen demands and increasing the chances of mortality by it.
Implementation of 3DPTV for turbulence analysis and subgrid-scale stress model testing of a backward-facing step flow

Implementation of 3DPTV for turbulence analysis and subgrid-scale stress model testing of a backward-facing step flow Nicholas Dona Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Dana Dabiri UW Aeronautics and Astronautics Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) is a constantly-expanding field with many new applications and models being introduced on a regular basis. The active nature of this field establishes the need for high-resolution, 3-dimensional experimental data for assessment and development of Subgrid-Scale (SGS) Models. An experimental technique well-suited to this application is Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3DPTV) utilizing the epipolar line triangulation method is an accepted method of quantifying volumes of 3-Dimension 3-Component (3D3C) velocity vector fields. This study adapted the epipolar line search triangulation methodology, as it was applied in micro-scale systems, to a backward-facing step flow in a small-scale water tunnel testing facility. The camera system, consisting of three 4008 × 2672 CCDs, was aligned and calibrated using a custom grid and dot target plate mounted on a purpose-built rig, containing a precision single-axis translation stage. Dual-pulsed, Nd:YAG lasers at 532 nm, 120 mJ/pulse, illuminated the 28 mm× 18 mm× 4.5 mm volume of interest, located downstream of a 2.858 cm step in a 15.24 cm× 30.48 cm cross-section water tunnel. The turbulent flow, uin =22 cm/s, Reh = 6274, Rλ ≈ 130, and ER = 1.208 was seeded with TiO2 particles, <5μm diameter, to maintain one-way coupling. The resulting 3DPTV system was shown to have uncertainty comparable to that of previous experimentation. Utilizing the acquired data, a priori testing of universally notable LES SGS Models, including the Smagorinsky, Similarity, Mixed, Coherent Structures, and Dynamic Models was accomplished and results are presented and discussed. This application of 3DPTV to a turbulent, backward-facing step flow and the results presented herein not only establish the technique as a promising source of experimental data in the development of LES, it lays a foundation for future study of the phenomena-rich backward-facing step flow and the testing and development of new LES SGS models.
DC110631 2265..2272

OBJECTIVEdFirst-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes may exhibit a disproportionately elevated risk of developing insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes when exposed to physical inactivity, which to some unknown extent may involve low-grade inflammation. We investigated whether subjects who are nonobese FDRs show signs of lowgrade inflammation before or after exposure to short-term physical inactivity.
Why NCC research is not theory-neutral

One of the reasons why the Neural Correlates of Consciousness Program could appear attractive in the 1990s was that it seemed to disentangle theoretical and empirical problems. Theoretical disagreements could thus be sidestepped in order to focus on empirical research regarding the neural substrate of consciousness. One of the further consequences of this dissociation of empirical and theoretical questions was that fundamental questions regarding the Mind Body Problem or the “Hard Problem of Consciousness” could remain unresolved even if the search for the neural correlates had been successful. Drawing on historical examples, a widely held consensus in the philosophy of science, and actual NCC research we argue that there is no such independence. Moreover, as the dependence between the theoretical and the empirical level is mutual, empirical progress will go hand in hand with theoretical development. Thus, contrary to what the original NCC program suggested, we conclude that NCC research may significantly take advantage from and contribute to theoretical progress in our explanation and understanding of consciousness. Eventually, this might even contribute to a solution of the Hard Problem of Consciousness.
Visual Field Characteristics in East Asian Patients With Occult Macular Dystrophy (Miyake Disease): EAOMD Report No. 3

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the perimetric features and their associations with structural and functional features in patients with RP1L1-associated occult macular dystrophy (OMD; i.e. Miyake disease). Methods In this international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study, 76 eyes of 38 patients from an East Asian cohort of patients with RP1L1-associated OMD were recruited. Visual field tests were performed using standard automated perimetry, and the patients were classified into three perimetric groups based on the visual field findings: central scotoma, other scotoma (e.g. paracentral scotoma), and no scotoma. The association of the structural and functional findings with the perimetric findings was evaluated. Results Fifty-four eyes (71.1%) showed central scotoma, 14 (18.4%) had other scotomata, and 8 (10.5%) had no scotoma. Central scotoma was mostly noted in both eyes (96.3%) and within the central 10 degrees (90.7%). Among the three perimetric groups, there were significant differences in visual symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and structural phenotypes (i.e. severity of photoreceptor changes). The central scotoma group showed worse BCVA often with severe structural abnormalities (96.3%) and a pathogenic variant of p.R45W (72.2%). The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) groups largely corresponded with the perimetric groups; however, 8 (10.5%) of 76 eyes showed mfERG abnormalities preceding typical central scotoma. Conclusions The patterns of scotoma with different clinical severity were first identified in occult macular dystrophy, and central scotoma, a severe pattern, was most frequently observed. These perimetric patterns were associated with the severity of BCVA, structural phenotypes, genotype, and objective functional characteristics which may precede in some cases.
The field of solidarity in times of a pandemic: Results of an online survey in Hungary*

Despite its central importance, solidarity is seldom analysed in a comprehensive manner. Most related studies target only specific aspects of its complex mech­ anisms, such as the functioning of redistributive systems, the private networks and practices of care, or civil society. Our study aims at providing a comprehen­ sive analysis by understanding solidarity as a field in Bourdieu’s sense: involv­ ing supportive interactions; competition for the related symbolic capital; illusio that provides legitimate frames of deservingness and respectability; and habitus depending on the broader structural position. To understand the contemporary solidarity field of Hungary, these dimensions are mapped all at once in a unified framework: types of problems and needs of individuals; sources and perceptions of received support; types of support provided to family members and friends; and finally, types of support provided to generalised others – these factors con­ stitute the dimensions of a cluster analysis that describes ideal-typical positions. The positions are analysed from the perspective of their structural background and the related attitudes. From a sociological perspective, situations like the pan­ demic provide a unique opportunity for analysing otherwise tacit patterns of solidarity. Besides this opportunity, the pandemic is also used as a comparative framework: in the final section, the changes occurring in the various positions are also overviewed to highlight the dynamics of the solidarity field.
CEOR_A_342303 21..34

1Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 2Premier Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA Purpose: CPX-351 is dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine at a fixed synergistic 1:5 molar ratio. This study determined current real-world use of CPX-351 versus conventional 7+3 (cytarabine+daunorubicin) therapy and evaluated hospital length of stay (LOS) and supportive care utilization in t-AML and AML-MRC. Patients and Methods: This retrospective, observational study utilized the Premier Healthcare Database and included patients who were aged ≥18 years with t-AML or AMLMRC and treated with CPX-351 or 7+3 between August 1, 2017 and February 28, 2019. All patients treated with 7+3 were required to be eligible for CPX-351 based on its FDAapproved indication. Outcome variables were annualized and adjusted for patient, hospital, and clinical confounding factors. The primary outcome was inpatient LOS. Secondary outcomes included use of blood products and use of anti-infectives. Results: The study included 195 qualifying patients treated with CPX-351 and 160 patients treated with 7+3 who were eligible for CPX-351. Approximately one-third of the patients treated with CPX-351 were administered therapy in a hospital-based outpatient setting, and all patients treated with 7+3 received it in the inpatient setting. The regression-adjusted annualized inpatient LOS was shorter with CPX-351 than 7+3 (mean of 183.7 vs 197.1 days, p<0.001). The difference in meanadjusted LOS was most pronounced for t-AML, with a mean-adjusted LOS of 168.9 versus 192.5 days for CPX-351 versus 7+3, respectively (nominal p<0.001). Supportive care utilization, including the number of administrations of red blood cells, the number of administrations of platelets, and the number of days on anti-infectives, was similar between treatment groups. Conclusion: CPX-351 was associated with a shorter inpatient LOS than 7+3. Supportive care use, including blood products and anti-infectives, was similar for CPX-351 and 7+3. These findings suggest CPX-351 conveys resource advantages over 7+3 in patients with newly diagnosed t-AML and AML-MRC.
Modelling COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections in highly vaccinated Israel—The effects of waning immunity and third vaccination dose

In August 2021, a major wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant erupted in the highly vaccinated population of Israel. The Delta variant has a transmission advantage over the Alpha variant, and thus replaced it in approximately two months. The outbreak led to an unexpectedly large proportion of breakthrough infections (BTI)-- a phenomenon that received worldwide attention. The BTI proportion amongst cases in the age group of 60+ years reached levels as high as ~85% in August 2021. Most of the Israeli population, especially those 60+ age, received their second dose of the vaccination, four months before the invasion of the Delta variant. Hence, either the vaccine induced immunity dropped significantly or the Delta variant possesses immunity escaping abilities. In this work, we analyzed and model age-structured cases, vaccination coverage, and vaccine BTI data obtained from the Israeli Ministry of Health, to help understand the epidemiological factors involved in the outbreak. We propose a mathematical model which captures a multitude of factors, including age structure, the time varying vaccine efficacy, time varying transmission rate, BTIs, reduced susceptibility and infectivity of vaccinated individuals, protection duration of the vaccine induced immunity, and the vaccine distribution. We fitted our model to the cases among vaccinated and unvaccinated, for <60 and 60+ age groups, to address the aforementioned factors. We found that the transmission rate was driven by multiple factors including the invasion of Delta variant and the mitigation measures. Through a model reconstruction of the reproductive number R0(t), it was found that the peak transmission rate of the Delta variant was 1.96 times larger than the previous Alpha variant. The model estimated that the vaccine efficacy dropped significantly from >90% to ~40% over 6 months, and that the immunity protection duration has a peaked Gamma distribution (rather than exponential). We further performed model simulations quantifying the important role of the third vaccination booster dose in reducing the levels of breakthrough infections. This allowed us to explore "what if" scenarios should the booster not have been rolled out. Application of this framework upon invasion of new pathogens, or variants of concern, can help elucidate important factors in the outbreak dynamics and highlight potential routes of action to mitigate their spread.
VMRR_A_344024 9..19

1Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Bonga Agricultural Research Center, Bonga, Ethiopia; 2Arba Minch University, College of Agricultural Science, Department of Animal Science, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Purpose: Mastitis is a disease known to cause a great deal of loss of production and has a major economic impact. In the study area, there is little current information on bovine mastitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors and isolate the major pathogenic bacteria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2020 to September 2020 in selected dairy farms of Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 422 lactating cows were diagnosed for mastitis using the California mastitis test, clinical examination, and bacteriological methods. Results: The overall prevalence of bovine mastitis determined in the area was 17.1% (72 of 422), of which 1.9% (eight of 422) was clinical and 15.2% (64 of 422) subclinical. Of 1,662 quarters examined, 7.94% (132) were positive. Bacteriological methods were also used to isolate the major pathogenic bacterial species associated with bovine mastitis. From 72 composite milk samples, growth of six different groups of bacteria was recorded in 64 (88.9%) samples. The most predominant bacterial pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (42.6%), ahead of Streptococcus spp. (26.2%), non-aureus staphylococci (14.8%), and Escherichia coli (11.5%). Salmonella spp. (3.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.6%) were the least isolated bacterial pathogens. Among risk factors, breed, parity, udder depth, and tick infestation of the udder showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) regarding the occurrence of mastitis. Conclusion: The current study revealed that mastitis is one of the health problems affecting dairy cows in Gamo. Enhancing the awareness of dairy farmers, regular screening, and improving hygienic conditions are critically important to control and prevent bovine mastitis in the study area.
Effectiveness of Hold Relax Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a popular flexibility training, which involves stretching and contraction of the target muscle group. PNF stretching is effective among athletes for improving passive range of motion, flexibility, and performance. Patients who undergo total knee replacement surgeries exhibit pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, muscle weakness, and stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the hold relax PNF technique to improve the balance and muscle strength in subjects with a bilateral knee replacement. Sixty four patients were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The patients were allocated into two groups by random allocation. The experimental group A (n=32) received the Hold Relax PNF technique with conventional treatment whereas, the control group B (n=32) received only conventional treatment as a part of the Home Exercise Program (HEP). Outcome measures used for evaluation included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) Score for measuring pain, muscle strength, and balance respectively. Students t-test showed significant differences between variables mean scores from two groups after three weeks of intervention. There was a statistical significant (t(32) = 2.38, p = 0.02) change in the mean scores of VAS in the experimental group (mean difference pre-post=3.19) as compared to control group ( mean difference pre -post=3.19) with Cohen's d = 2.744588. Similarly for MMT(t(32) = 0.415, p = 0.005) and BBS scores (t(32) = 2.628, p = 0.035). The result of the study suggests that the Hold Relax PNF technique is more effective than conventional treatment alone in decreasing pain as well as increasing balance and muscle strength in bilateral knee replacement patients.