Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity in the Light Processing of the Human Visual System

Visual evoked potentials, i.e responses to visual stimulation as recorded using electroencephalography have indicated the existence of nonlinear behavior of the visual pathway. Nonlinearities and time delay in the visual system play an important role in understanding the complex nature of the visual system. This study investigated the nonlinear interactions and time delay in the visual pathway, using several types of stimulation paradigms. Multisine (i.e sum of multiple sinusoidal signals) and sine light stimulation were presented to healthy participants in order to elicit steady-state visual evoked responses. The recorded signals were analyzed using multi-spectral phase coherence, a novel cross-frequency phase coupling metric, in order to quantify the nonlinear interactions, form a brain map and estimate time delay. Chirp light stimulation (signals with linearly increasing frequencies) was used to elicit visual responses inside a specific frequency range. Time delay was estimated using Fractional Fourier Transformation due to its ability to handle chirps’ non-stationary properties. Brain maps indicated that multisine paradigms elicit more localized nonlinear interactions than chirp paradigms. All sinusoidal stimulation provided clusters of similar time delays. Bisine presented the most distinctive groups, fact that suggests that bisine is able to be used as a distinction measure. Trisine time delay showed the lowest variance, fact that shows more accurate estimation. Chirp time delay presented also small variances but the mean time delay found to be very frequency dependent. To conclude, this study showed that multisine paradigms are suitable to be used to elicit nonlinear responses but time delay may not be sufficient measure to fully describe the visual system. Keywords—Nonlinear; visual system; steady state visual evoked potentials; light stimulation; light processing; EEG analysis; brain dynamics; sinusoidal; chirp; multisine.
INCIDENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER SURGERY IN SAUDI ARABIA

Objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and health‑care expenditures. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to examine the incidence of SSI among patients who had foot and ankle surgery in Saudi Arabia and to identify predictors of SSIs. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. This is a consecutive study of patients underwent foot and ankle surgery between 2015 and 2018. The association between variables and infection status was analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results: The study included 295 patients. The incidence of SSI was 3.42%. The age and the type of surgery were significant predictors of SSI. Conclusions: Proper postoperative monitoring for high‑risk patients may facilitate reduction of SSIs following foot and ankle surgery and improves health outcomes.
b -VLDL of Patients with Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia Interferes with Homogeneous Determination of HDL-Cholesterol Based on Polyethylene Glycol-modi-fied Enzymes,

seminal fluid. There are two ways to reduce nonspecific reactions in nephelometric assays. The first one is to use high dilutions of the sample in the diluent provided by the manufacturer. This procedure could not be used in our case, however, because of persistent nonspecific reactions in high dilutions (up to 1/19) and because of the insufficient sensitivity of the method in this dilution range. The occurrence of nonspecific reactions of a magnitude similar to that of antigen-antibody reaction may be particularly misleading and requires the use of a reliable dilution protocol. The second way to reduce nonspecific reactions is to prevent the occurrence of nonspecific reactions inside the flow cell, before the addition of the antibody (10). We have noticed that nonspecific precipitation could be accelerated at low temperatures by predilution of the samples in buffer instead of diluent; the precipitate could then be removed by centrifugation. We used such conditions in our optimized protocol. Seminal transferrin proved stable in seminal fluid samples during storage. In addition, no significant change was noticed after as many as 10 freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, the results obtained with our technique were highly correlated with those of an RIA (9). In the absence of a reference method, we considered the fair agreement between the results provided by our new method and the RIA method used in many clinical studies (6, 9) as good evidence of the accuracy of our technique. This new method is easy to implement in any laboratory and may be used routinely for clinical purpose.
Effects of exposure to bodies of different sizes on perception of and satisfaction with own body size

Citation for published version (Harvard): Bould, H, Carnegie, R, Allward, H, Bacon, E, Lambe, E, Sapseid, M, Button, K, Lewis, G, Skinner, A, Broome, M, Park, R, Harmer, C, Penton-Voak, I & Munafo, M 2018, 'Effects of exposure to bodies of different sizes on perception of and satisfaction with own body size: two randomized studies', Royal Society Open Science, vol. 5, 171387. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171387
STUDY ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTENT OF LOCAL MANUFACTURED POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS IN EL-BOHIRA GOVERNORATE (With 3 Tables)

A total of 100 random samples of poultry meat products (25 each of chicken burger, luncheon, nuggets and frankfurter) were collected from supermarkets and groceries of Al-Bohira governorate. The samples were examined microbiologically to estimate their sanitary condition. The mean mesophilic counts were 2.6 x 10 5 , 4.3 x 10 4 , 3.1 x 10 5 and 1 x 10 5 in nuggets, luncheon, burger and frankfurter respectively. The mean thermophilic counts were 1x 10 5 , 1.1 x 10 4 , 8 x 10 4 and 3.6 x 10 4 respectively. The mean psychrotphic counts were 6.9x10 4 , 6.2x10 3 , 3.9x10 4 and 1.1x10 5 respectively and that of enterococci counts were 33.3±5.3, 135±34.5, 145.8±35.5 and 133.8±37.8 in burger, luncheon, nuggets and frankfurter respectively. The mean staphylococci counts were 41.4±12.2, 154.4 ±39.9, 95± 50.3 and 250±120.1. The mean coliform counts were 2.1 x 10 4 , 2.3 x 10 4 , 3.9 x 10 4 and 6.4 x 10 3 and that of mould and yeast counts were 1.3 x10 4 , 2.7 x 10 3 , 8.9 x 10 3 and 3.9 x 10 3 respectively. The public health hazard of the isolated and identified organisms such as staphylococci, enterococci, E.coli, Citrobacter, Proteus, and mould and yeast, as well as suggestions to increase the shelflife of the products and protect consumers were discussed.
Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short Term Memory for Phishing Email Classification

— The focus on this work is on classifying phishing emails using deep neural networks. Since phishing emails have no specific characteristic, they are difficult to detect and classify, and little research has been done on the detection of phishing emails. In this work, two deep neural networks, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), a form of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), were compared and used for classification of phishing emails. RNN is the most used neural network for text classification. CNNs have also shown to be effective in text classification. In addition to tuning hyperparameters, different activation functions and optimizers are used for comparing the performance of CNN and LSTM on the basis of accuracy and the ROC-score. LSTM achieved a higher accuracy than CNN, and overall the Adam Optimizer performed better than the SGD optimizer. The best parameters for higher accuracy and ROC-score are also presented.
Somatotypic Cartography of Javelin Throwers in Algeria, Men and Women Bougandoura International of Sports Science & Medicine

The study aims at identifying the morphological proﬁ le and determining the physical qualities of the javelin throwers in Algeria men and women. For this purpose, we assumed that the Algerian throwers possess physical qualities that allow them to throw the javelin farthest and have an acceptable template to achieve good performances in javelin throwing. And to verify these hypotheses, the study based on a descriptive method took place with a sample composed of 07 throwers and 07 throwers ﬁ nalist of the Algerian OPEN championship for the year 2014; these two groups were subjected to physical tests and anthropometric measurements for this purpose. The results obtained show that our throwers have considerable physical qualities to be among the best throwers, they also have a morphological proﬁ le of mesomorphic type, but they throw not far, which invalidates our hypotheses. We conclude that Algerian launchers have acceptable physical qualities and a morphological proﬁ le of the mesomorphic type, and despite the presence of all the favorable conditions to achieve African and world performances, they still do not launch far. On this basis, we recommend that the actors of this discipline conduct a global expertise on the training contents, the recycling of trainers, the speciﬁ c equipment and the infrastructure.
Extended Lyman-alpha emission from cold accretion streams

{Abridged} We investigate the observability of cold accretion streams at redshift 3 via Lyman-alpha (Lya) emission and the feasibility of cold accretion as the main driver of Lya blobs (LABs). We run cosmological zoom simulations focusing on 3 halos spanning two orders of magnitude in mass, roughly from 10^11 to 10^13 solar masses. We use a version of the Ramses code that includes radiative transfer of UV photons, and we employ a refinement strategy that allows us to resolve accretion streams in their natural environment to an unprecedented level. For the first time, we self-consistently model self-shielding in the cold streams from the cosmological UV background, which enables us to predict their temperatures, ionization states and Lya luminosities with improved accuracy. We find the efficiency of gravitational heating in cold streams in a ~10^11 solar mass halo is around 10-20% throughout most of the halo but reaching much higher values close to the center. As a result most of the Lya luminosity comes from gas which is concentrated at the central 20% of the halo radius, leading to Lya emission which is not extended. In more massive halos, of >10^12 solar masses, cold accretion is complex and disrupted, and gravitational heating does not happen as a steady process. Ignoring the factors of Lya scattering, local UV enhancement, and SNe feedback, cold accretion alone in these massive halos can produce LABs that largely agree with observations in terms of morphology, extent, and luminosity. Our simulations slightly and systematically over-predict LAB abundances, perhaps hinting that the interplay of these ignored factors may have a negative net effect on extent and luminosity. We predict that a factor of a few increase in sensitivity from current observational limits should unambiguously reveal continuum-free accretion streams around massive galaxies at z=3.
Time Reversions of Markov Processes

A time reversion of a Markov process was discussed by Kolmogoroff for Markov chains in 1936 [6] and for a diffusion in 1937 [7l He described it as a process having an adjoint transition probability. Although his treatment is purely analytical, in his case if the process xt has an invariant distribution, the reversed process zt = x-t is the process with the adjoint transition probability. In this discussion, however, it is very restrictive that the initial distribution of the process must be an invariant measure.
Development and Tropical Transition of an Alpine Lee Cyclone. Part II: Orographic Inﬂuence on the Development Pathway

The development and subsequent tropical transition of a subsynoptic-scale cyclone over the Gulf of Genoa (GoG) on 15 November 2007 led to the rapid onset of tropical storm-force winds near the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. This study evaluates the inﬂuence of two key ingredients on the cyclogenesis event: a near-surface warm potential temperature perturbation in the lee of the Alps and a mountain-scale potential vorticity (PV) banner. A high-resolution modeling system is used to perform a set of attribution tests in which modiﬁcations to the Alpineorographycontrolthepresenceof thecyclogeneticingredients.Wheneitherfeatureexistsintheinitial state, a GoG cyclone develops even when the Alpine barrier is removed; however, when neither the warm perturbation nor the PV banner is present, there is insufﬁcient lower-level PV to couple with the upper-level trough to promote cyclogenesis. A conceptual model involving the complimentary interaction of the two PV features is presented that accurately describes the development location of the cyclone beneath a midlevel vorticity maximum. Despite development in most of the attribution tests, the energy sources for the cyclones vary widely and represent a spectrum of cyclogenetic pathways from baroclinically to convectively dominant. Removal of the Alpine barrier allows for a stronger thermal wave and a baroclinic mode of development, rather than the diabatically generated hurricane-like vortex seen in the control and available observations. Similarly, insufﬁcient ﬂow interaction with the low-resolution representation of the Alps in the global-driving model is shown to favor a baroclinic mode of cyclogenesis in that integration. Adequate resolution of both the Alpine terrain and the incipient cyclone itself are shown to be important to correctly predict the evolution of the system from both structural and energetic perspectives.
Ultimate response time of high electron mobility transistors

We present theoretical studies of the response time of the two-dimensional gated electron gas to femtosecond pulses. Our hydrodynamic simulations show that the device response to a short pulse or a step-function signal is either smooth or oscillating time-decay at low and high mobility, μ, values, respectively. At small gate voltage swings, U0 = Ug − Uth, where Ug is the gate voltage and Uth is the threshold voltage, such that μU0/L < vs, where L is the channel length and vs is the effective electron saturation velocity, the decay time in the low mobility samples is on the order of L2/(μU0), in agreement with the analytical drift model. However, the decay is preceded by a delay time on the order of L/s, where s is the plasma wave velocity. This delay is the ballistic transport signature in collision-dominated devices, which becomes important during very short time periods. In the high mobility devices, the period of the decaying oscillations is on the order of the plasma wave velocity transit time. Our an.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Prolonged Stent Deployment Strategy in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot study

Background Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the most standard reperfusion strategy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but the no-reflow phenomenon is still common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Little is known about the consequences of different strategies of deploying stents on outcomes in STEMI patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether prolonged inflation would decrease the no-reflow phenomenon in PPCI compared with the conventional rapid inflation/deflation strategy. Methods This was a prospective, single-center, blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized 1:1 to a prolonged deployment strategy group or a conventional deployment strategy group. A subset of patients was included in a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination assessment. The primary outcomes were the number of patients with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3, the incidence of intraoperative no-reflow/slow flow, the corrected TIMI frame count, the myocardial blush grade, and the number of patients with ST-segment resolution>50%. The secondary outcome was major cardiovascular adverse events at one month and one year following the index PPCI. Results TIMI flow grade 3 was found in 96.7% of the prolonged deployment strategy group and 63.3% of the conventional deployment group (P=0.005). The prolonged inflation strategy and inflation/deflation strategy group respectively showed the following rates: 0% vs 30% no-reflow or slow flow (P=0.002); 90% vs 66.7% ST-segment resolution ≥50% (P=0.028); 35.6±14.5 frames vs 49.18±25.2 frames on corrected TIMI frame count (P=0.014); and 60% vs 20% myocardial blush grade 3 (P=0.001). The major cardiovascular adverse event rate was 3.3% in both groups at one month and 3.3% for the prolonged inflation strategy group vs 6.7% for the rapid inflation/deflation strategy group at one year (P=1.0). In the CMR subset of cases, the presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) was detected in 6.7% of patients in the prolonged inflation strategy group and in 50% of patients in the rapid inflation/deflation strategy group (P=0.023). Conclusions In the patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI, the effect of the prolonged inflation strategy could decease the no-reflow phenomenon and improve myocardial microcirculation perfusion, but there were no benefits for the 30-day or one-year clinical outcomes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03199014.Registered June 23, 2017,http://https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03199014? term=NCT03199014&cntry=CN&draw=2&rank=1)
Stability of non‐parallel and parallel basic flows in the semi‐geostrophic model in isentropic coordinates

The energy‐Casimir method is employed to examine the stability of both non‐parallel and parallel basic flows in the semi‐geostrophic (SG) model in isentropic coordinates (ICs) based on the wave‐activity invariants. It is found that the stability criteria for non‐parallel basic flow under small‐amplitude disturbances are more complicated than those for parallel basic flow, and the spatial structure of basic flow at a horizontal boundary has a great impact on the stability of both parallel and non‐parallel basic flow. Results obtained in this work extend the stability results of Eliassen which are valid for parallel basic flow with non‐normal geostrophic flow as lateral boundary conditions. It is shown that, although there is a strong similarity between the SG model in ICs and the shallow‐water SG (SWSG) model, the finite‐amplitude stability theorems for the latter model cannot be extended to the SG model in ICs and the reasons for the failure are discussed.
An Empirical Study of Mutation-Based Test Case Clustering Prioritization and Reduction Technique

—Regression testing is an important activity to ensure software quality throughout the software life-cycle. However, due to the expansion of the software scale, a large number of test cases are generated in the regression test. In the actual regression test process, it is impossible for us to execute all the test cases. In order to save time and improve efﬁciency, we need to prioritize and reduce the test cases. In this paper, we propose a new concept mutation program unit priority that works well in the prioritization and reduction of test cases. To evaluate our approach, we designed the experiment and validated it using the Defects4J data set, which contains the real fault programs. We experimented with 350 real faults and 550254 developer-written test cases for Defects4J. The average reduction rate for test cases is 40%, and the fault detection capability is only reduced by 1.38%. The results show that the mutation-based test case prioritization and reduction method improves the effectiveness of test case prioritization and reduction technique.
OTT_A_254167 111..122

Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, People’s Republic of China Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide. Crocin is a kind of bioactive constituent found in the stigmas of saffron, which has shown various pharmacological activities. Methods: In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of crocin on gastric cancer AGS cells proliferation and explored the underlying mechanism. A series of methods were used including cell counting kit assay, gene microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, Celigo image cytometry, cell clone formation assay, Western blot, and cell xenograft growth in vivo. Results: The results indicated that crocin inhibited AGS cells proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Further studies suggested that crocin decreased a series of genes expression, among which TPM4 gene downregulation inhibited the tumor cells proliferation and tumor growth in mice, and overexpression of TPM4 gene abolishes the inhibitory effect of crocin. Further study using microarray analysis suggested that knocking down of TPM4 altered genes related to the proliferation and apoptosis of cells. Discussion: Crocin could inhibit the gastric cancer cells AGS cells proliferation by regulating TPM4 gene expression, and TPM4 may be a promising therapeutic target for GC treatment.
Drinking Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Leaf Extract Helps Prevent Renal Toxicity Induced by Cadmium in Rats

Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (TL) or “Rang Jerd” is a Thai herbal medicine used as an antidote for several poisonous agents. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant in Mae Sot district, Tak province, Thailand. Chronic exposure to Cd causes renal and bone dysfunction in exposed human populations. In order to investigate whether TL leaf extract could prevent Cd induced renal toxicity, two groups of male Wistar rats, six rats each were injected with cadmium chloride solution (CdCl 2 ) at the concentration of 1.0 mg/kg BW for 20 days. Group 1 was serving as control and fed distilled water for 20 days before Cd administration while group 2 was administered TL leaf extract at 0.1 mg/ml in drinking water for 20 days before and during injection of CdCl 2 at the same concentration as in group 1. The body weight of rats pretreated with TL leaf extract before Cd exposure in group 2 was significantly (p<0.05) greater than that of rats given with Cd alone. However, TL leaf extract did not reduce the levels of Cd in blood and urine of the Cd exposed rats. The rats in group 2 did not show histopathological changes in the kidney that were observed in the control group which given Cd alone. Therefore, this study demonstrated that TL leaf extract can protect against Cd induced structural damage in rat kidney and also reduce other systemic toxicity. TL leaf extract may be useful for reducing Cd toxicity in human populations exposed to Cd in food and drinking water.
Paraphyly in the giant torrent-frogs (Anura: Hylodidae: Megaelosia ) and the description of a new genus

The family Hylodidae is composed of 46 species distributed in three genera: Crossodactylus (13 species), Hylodes (26 species), and Megaelosia (seven species). Although the monophyly of the Hylodidae is supported by previous molecular phylogenetic inferences, the monophyly of Megaelosia and/or Hylodes has been questioned. Crossodactylus and Hylodes share the plesiomorphic diploid chromosomal number 2n = 26, whereas in the species of Megaelosia as karyotyped up to now, diploid numbers have ranged from 28 to 32. Here, we expand to six (of seven) the number of species of Megaelosia sampled in a phylogenetic approach based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences and describe the 26-chromo-some karyotype of M. goeldii for the first time. Our results provide an improved perspective on the relationships among the frogs described previously in the genus Megaelosia , and we propose a new taxonomic arrangement, in which Mega­ elosia is a monotypic genus, with a new genus being described to accommodate the remaining species allocated previously to Megaelosia . We also confirm that 2n = 26 is the plesiomorphic diploid number in the Hylodidae, and conclude that an increased diploid chromosome number, together with two morphological traits and one ethological characteristic, are po-tential synapomorphies of the new genus.