Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Six-wave systems in one-dimensional wave turbulence

We investigate one-dimensional (1D) wave turbulence (WT) systems that are characterised by six-wave interactions. We begin by presenting a brief introduction to WT theory - the study of the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of nonlinear random waves, by giving a short historical review followed by a discussion on the physical applications. We implement the WT description to a general six-wave Hamiltonian system that contains two invariants, namely, energy and wave action. This enables the subsequent derivations for the evolutions equations of the one-mode amplitude probability density function (PDF) and kinetic equation (KE). Analysis of the stationary solutions of these equations are made with additional checks on their underlying assumptions for validity. Moreover, we derive a differential approximation model (DAM) to the KE for super-local wave interactions and investigate the possible occurrence of a fluctuation relation. We then consider these results in the context of two physical systems - Kelvin waves in quantum turbulence (QT) and optical wave turbulence (OWT). We discuss the role of Kelvin waves in decaying QT, and show that they can be described by six-wave interactions. We explicitly compute the interaction coefficients for the Biot-Savart equation (BSE) Hamiltonian and represent the Kelvin wave dynamics in the form of a KE. The resulting non-equilibrium Kolmogorov-Zakharov (KZ) solutions to the KE are shown to be non-local, thus a new non-local theory for Kelvin wave interactions is discussed. A local equation for the dynamics of Kelvin waves, the local nonlinear equation (LNE), is derived from the BSE in the asymptotic limit of one long Kelvin wave. Numerical computation of the LNE leads to an agreement with the nonlocal Kelvin wave theory. Finally, we consider 1D OWT. We present the first experimental implementation of OWT and provide a comparable decaying numerical simulation for verification. We show that 1D OWT is described by a six-wave process and that the inverse cascade state leads to the development of coherent solitons at large scales. Further investigation is conducted into the behaviour of solitons and their impact to the WT description. Analysis of the fluxes and intensity PDFs lead to the development of a wave turbulence life cycle (WTLC), explaining the coexistence between coherent solitons and incoherent waves. Additional numerical simulations are performed in non-equilibrium stationary regimes to determine if a pure KZ state can be realised.
Overview of the West African Monsoon 2011 1

The 2011 West African monsoon (WAM) season was, overall, near normal but rainfall was patchy. The irregularity of the rainfall during the crucial July‐August‐September (JAS) season proved difficult to predict because of conflicting signals and this highlights the significant challenges we continue to face for this region. The vagaries of the rainfall in sub‐Saharan Africa have profound and often dire effects on African society and economy as the people of the region depend on it for food and water. To reduce the vulnerability of these communities to variations in the strength of the WAM, we desperately need to improve the reliability of forecasts so as to enable them to plan ahead, and national governments need to adopt coordinated policies in order to increase their capacity to cope with extended periods of water shortages due to drought. With the launch of the Africa Climate Exchange (Afclix), the UK climate community is working with the humanitarian sector and African policy‐makers with the aim of channeling the latest climate science into policies to help build resilience and in‐country capacity for climate compatible development in sub‐Saharan Africa. The emphasis is on ‘feet on the (African) ground’ mechanisms of knowledge‐sharing activities at the science‐policy interface. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The Effect of Work Environment and Work Motivation on Performance through Job Satisfaction of State Elementary School Teachers

This study aims to analyze the effect of the work environment and work motivation on performance through teacher job satisfaction. This research is a quantitative research with path analysis. The study population of elementary school teachers was 220 with a research sample of 145 people. The data was collected using instruments consisting of work environment (19 items), work motivation (44 items), job satisfaction (35 items), and performance (78 items) which have been tested for validity and reliability. The research data was analyzed using path analysis. The results of this study showed that there is an effect of the work environment on performance and work motivation on performance, job satisfaction on performance, work environment on job satisfaction, work motivation on job satisfaction, work environment on job satisfaction and performance, as well as work motivation on job satisfaction and performance.
MAP entropy estimation: Applications in robust image filtering

We introduce a new approach for image filtering in a Bayesian framework. In this case the probability density function (pdf) of thelikelihood function is approximated using the concept of non-parametric or kernel estimation. The method is based on the generalizedGaussian Markov random fields (GGMRF), a class of Markov random fields which are used as prior information into the Bayesian rule, whichprincipal objective is to eliminate those effects caused by the excessive smoothness on the reconstruction process of images which arerich in contours or edges. Accordingly to the hypothesis made for the present work, it is assumed a limited knowledge of the noise pdf,so the idea is to use a non-parametric estimator to estimate such a pdf and then apply the entropy to construct the cost function for thelikelihood term. The previous idea leads to the construction of Maximum a posteriori (MAP) robust estimators, since the real systems arealways exposed to continuous perturbations of unknown nature. Some promising results of three new MAP entropy estimators (MAPEE) forimage filtering are presented, together with some concluding remarks.
Critical Audit Matters: Possible Market Misinterpretation

The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) recently expanded audit reports to disclose Critical Audit Matters (CAMs) and the audit procedures used to address them. We study the first wave of CAM disclosers from July 2019 to May 2020, which included large accelerated filers reporting on their 2019 fiscal year results. We examine whether market participants erroneously perceive firms with more extensive CAM disclosures to be riskier than firms with less extensive CAM disclosures. We find that firms with more extensive CAM disclosures are associated with increased perceived uncertainty: stock prices of these firms are significantly more volatile and analysts’ forecasts are significantly more dispersed than those of firms with less extensive CAM disclosures.
Payment Intermediary – Key Determinant Influencing Online Payment Intention on E-Commerce Platforms in Vietnam

E-commerce is a new, rising phenomenon in Southeast Asian countries, and online payment methods are becoming increasingly popular on e-commerce platforms. Despite increasing investments in e-commerce platforms' online payment systems, Vietnamese consumers are still doubtful about this innovative payment alternative. This research applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to analyze the variables affecting customers' intention to make online payments on e-commerce platforms in Vietnam, a potential Southeast Asian market. In addition, the research group expanded on the primary study by adding the variables of Subjective Norms, Trust, and Risk to validate the findings of the original work in the new context. A new factor suitable for Vietnamese conditions, Payment Intermediary, was included by the authors to better explain the consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward online payments. The surveys were carried out using two methods of basic random sampling: an offline approach at offices and schools, and an online approach using social media. 521 questionnaires were collected, and 448 were considered valid and met the requirements that were initially set. SPSS 26 was used to assess the consistency and validity of all variables and test the hypotheses using a regression model. The hypothesis model was verified. The results showed that the correlation between independent and dependent variables, namely Attitude toward Use and Intention to Use, is very clear. In consumers' use of e-commerce platforms, Payment Intermediary plays a crucial role in developing their online payment attitudes and intentions.
Osteoblast Response of Additively Manufactured Zirconia and Alumina-Toughened Zirconia

Zirconia ceramics have been widely used in dentistry. Herein, we assess the surface morphology, surface texture, and osteoblast response of additively manufactured zirconia and alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) in comparison with titanium. The surface roughness, contact angle, and surface microstructure of titanium sandblasted with large-grit alumina and subsequently acid-etched using 18% HCl and 49% H2SO4 (SLA-titanium), uniaxially pressed zirconia (UP zirconia), additively manufactured zirconia (AM zirconia), and additively manufactured ATZ (AM ATZ) were investigated. Moreover, the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on these materials were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. SLA-titanium showed the highest surface roughness and contact angle. The other three materials showed comparable surface roughness and contact angles. Micro- and nanoroughness were observed on the surface of SLA-titanium. UP zirconia and AM zirconia had similar surface morphologies. The cell viability, ALP activity, and gene expression of type I collagen on AM zirconia were comparable to or better than those on SLA-titanium. Our results indicate that AM zirconia is a promising material for zirconia dental implants.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 97:1158-1162, December 1985 CONTINUUM AND LINE FLUXES OF OJ 287 AT MINIMUM LIGHT

We report optical-infrared continuum observations of OJ287 during its lowest recorded flux level. The spectrum was steeper than previously seen, but does not unambiguously show the presence of any underlying galaxy. It is suggested that this is primarily due to the object’s still being too bright to make such a detection in this manner. We also report spectroscopic observations of OJ287 showing the presence of Ha, Hß, and [Oill] emission lines. These lines confirm a redshift z = 0.306. The data are also used to compare the emitted luminosities in these lines to those of other active extragalactic objects. We find these lines intrinsically underluminous compared to quasars of similar ionizing luminosities. The data are consistent with OJ287 being deficient in gas compared to normal quasars or with the observed continuum flux having a Doppler factor of 8 ~ 4.
Joint Asymptotic Distribution of the Estimated Regression Function at a Finite Number of Distinct Points

where k is a univariate density function, {aJ} is a sequence of positive numbers converging to zero and (X1, Y1), *. , (X,, Yn) is a random sample of size n from f. Nadaraya (1964) indicates that if Y is a bounded random variable and na 2 -> co, then (na.)1(m,(x) Em. (x)) is asymptotically normal with mean zero and variance E[Y2 l X = x] 5 k2(u) du/g(x). 1 Of more interest is the asymptotic distribution of (na,)1(m,(x) m(x)). One would normally approach the asymptotic distribution of this statistic by attempting to establish that (nan)1(Em,(x) m(x)) = o(l), from which one could conclude that the asymptotic distribution of (na,)1(m,(x) m(x)) is the same as that of (nan)1(mn(x) Em,(x)). Instead, we approach the problem by proving that both the numerator and denominator of mn are asymptotically normal and hence so is m. In fact for distinct points xl, * . *, Xk we will establish conditions under which (na.)1(m.(x1) m(x), * * * mn(xk) m(xk)) is asymptotically multivariate normal with mean vector zero and diagonal covariance matrix C = [Cij] with Cj -Var [Y X = xi] k2(u)du/g(xi). We note that this asymptotic variance disagrees with that of Nadaraya unless m(x ) = 0. The fact that Nadaraya's result is incorrectly stated can be observed by noting that the
Poly-victimization over time 1 Running head: POLY-VICTIMIZATION OVER TIME Violent Poly-Victimization Over Time: A Longitudinal Examination of the Prevalence and Patterns of Physical and Emotional Victimization Throughout Adolescence (11-17 years)

In this study, we aimed to characterize developmental patterns of poly-victimization in a normative sample of adolescents by applying longitudinal latent class analysis. Using the four most recent waves of data from the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youths (z-proso), we identified three classes, or separate groups of youths with distinct patterns of victimization from age 11 to 17. The largest class represented young people who were least likely to be victimized in any way and at any time. The two smaller groups represented different types of poly-victimization – a non-parental and a long-term parental victimization group. Adolescents in the two groups differed both in the number as well as type of victimization at different times. Moreover, differential class membership also had implications for their mental health outcomes.
LMI condition for robust stability of linear systems with both time‐varying elemental and norm‐bounded uncertainties

Abstract In this paper, the stability robustness of linear systems with both time‐varying elemental (structured) and norm‐bounded (unstructured) uncertainties is investigated. A sufficient condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for ensuring that the linear systems with both time‐varying elemental and norm‐bounded uncertainties are asymptotically stable. Two examples are given to show that the proposed sufficient condition is less conservative than the existing one reported recently.
High‐Rate Fluid Injection Reduces the Nucleation Length of Laboratory Earthquakes on Critically Stressed Faults in Granite

We conducted fluid injection experiments on cylindrical low‐permeability granite samples with a critically stressed sawcut fault at local injection rates of 0.2 and 0.8 mL/min and confining pressures of 31 and 61 MPa. A local array of six strain gauges attached close to the faults allows us to estimate the nucleation length of each injection‐induced dynamic slip event (i.e., laboratory earthquake). We find nucleation lengths decrease from approximately 90% to <15% of the fault length with higher injection rate and increased effective normal stress. Injection‐induced laboratory earthquakes with smaller nucleation lengths show generally higher peak slip rates and larger fault slip displacements, signifying an intensified seismic hazard. Our results also indicate that initially stable fault patches may be reactivated to slip seismically by increasing injection rates. This study systematically demonstrates that higher injection rates constitute dynamic loading, which increase the seismic hazard by shrinking the earthquake nucleation length.
A Social Network Analysis of Mexico’s Dark Network Alliance Structure

This article assesses Mexico’s organized crime alliance and subgroup network structures. Through social network analysis (SNA) of data from Lantia Consultores, a consulting firm in Mexico that specializes in the analysis of public policies, it demonstrates differential alliance structures within Mexico’s bipolar illicit network system. The Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación’s (CJNG) alliance structure is top-down and hierarchical, while the Sinaloa Cartel is denser, particularly in the broader Tierra Caliente region. Additionally, our analysis found a sparse overall network with many isolates (groups with no relations to other groups) and disconnected components. Further, we identified organized crime networks that might fill future power vacuums based on their network positions, following state or rival high-value targeting of major cartels. The implications of these findings are discussed, and policy recommendations are provided.
Musculoskeletal Manifestations among Egyptian HCV Patients Receiving Direct Antivirals (DAAS) Therapy

Introduction: Hepatitis C is a worldwide problem; the treatment of chronic HCV has been revolutionized with the introduction of the oral Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) drugs. The efficacy in eradication of extrahepatic and hepatic manifestation leads to its widely spread of these medications, but there is musculoskeletal side effect reported with its use. Objectives: Assess musculoskeletal manifestation in HCV patients receiving Direct Antivirals Therapy (DAATs) attending Rheumatology & Immunology Unit in internal medicine department in Mansoura university Hospital. Result: Majority of studied patients (n=200) were 64% females and 36% were male. The most frequent involved joint was the knee 55% (110), while the least affected joint was the wrist 6% (12) and the shoulder joint 8%. It was observed that bone pain (71.1%) especially at shoulder joint (64.3%) and back (60.7%) were associated with Sofosbuvir+ Daclatasvir but were statistically insignificant. Arthralgia was presenting manifestation in 63% with patients received Sofosbuvir +Daclatasvir and dominated in the wrist joint (66.7%), knee joint (65.5%), shoulder joint (62.5%) but it was statistically insignificant. Back pain was evident in patients treated by DAAs for 12 weeks (27.7%) than those received it for 24 weeks (11.8%) and it was statistically significant p* = 0.050. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders reported mainly with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir especially for 12-week duration and the most affected age group (more than 55year).
First record of the Fiddler Crab, Minuca osa from the Eastern Montijo Gulf, Panama

Minuca osa had been previously thought to be endemic to Pacific Costa Rica (Golfo Dulce). However, specimens fitting the description were sampled in April 2021 and August 2022 in two sites in the Eastern Montijo Gulf, Panama. Based on the morphological character correspondence between the specimens collected and the original species description, it can be concluded that Minuca osa is also present in the Eastern Montijo Gulf.
Vindicating pollyanna? An experimental test of cognitive restructuring and positive thinking interventions

Abstract Objective Despite its considerable potential, psychotherapy research has made limited use of small-scale experimental study designs to test intervention components. This study employs such a design to test the immediate effects on emotional experience of two approaches to changing negative thoughts, cognitive restructuring and fostering positive thinking. Cognitive restructuring draws on the strategies core to cognitive behavioral therapies. Fostering positive thinking has also received attention, though less so as a psychological intervention. Method We tested the benefits of these strategies over a brief interval by randomizing 230 participants to complete a worksheet introducing one of the two strategies. Participants reported their skills prior to exposure to these worksheets and affect was assessed immediately prior to and following use of worksheets. Results Participants’ negative affect reduced following both strategies. Conditions did not differ significantly in affect change. Analysis of potential moderators showed that, among those with higher levels of cognitive behavioral therapy skills, the positive thinking condition produced greater gains in positive affect than the cognitive restructuring condition. Conclusions These results indicate that both forms of brief interventions promote reductions in negative affect. Positive thinking interventions, which are not focused on the accuracy of one's thinking, appear to be particularly effective in promoting positive affect.
An inverse modeling approach to obtain P-T conditions of metamorphic stages involving garnet growth and resorption

This contribution presents an approach and a computer program (GrtMod) for numerical simulation of garnet evolution based on compositions of successive growth zones in natural samples. For each garnet growth stage, a new local effective bulk composition is optimized, allowing for resorption and/or fractionation of previously crystallized garnet. The successive minimizations are performed using the Nelder–Mead algorithm; a heuristic search method. An automated strategy including two optimization stages and one refinement stage is described and tested. This program is used to calculate pressure–temperature ( P–T ) conditions of crystal growth as archived in garnet from the Sesia Zone (Western Alps). The compositional variability of successive growth zones is characterized using standardized X-ray maps and the program XMapTools. The model suggests that Permian garnet cores crystallized under granulite-facies conditions at T > 800 °C and P = 6 kbar. During Alpine times, a first garnet rim grew at eclogite-facies conditions (650 °C, 16 kbar) at the expense of the garnet core. A second rim was added at lower P (∼11 kbar) and 630 °C. In total, garnet resorption is modeled to amount to ∼9 vol% during the Alpine evolution; this value is supported by our observations in X-ray compositional maps.
Ammonia Maser in a Molecular Outflow toward W51

We report the discovery of a14NH3 maser in the (J, K) = (3, 3) transition toward the W51-North H II complex. The maser line has a FWHM of 1.7 km s-1 and an asymmetric profile, which suggests multiple features in the velocity range. Measured with the VLA, the maser emission has a peak flux of 230 mJy and a maximum deconvolved size of 0. ″2. These values set a lower limit to the brightness temperature of 1.3 × 104 K. Thermal emission of ammonia was also detected toward this region. The elongated structure, velocity, and temperature gradients, and high excitation of the thermal ammonia indicate that the (3, 3) maser is excited in an expanding shell of a molecular outflow, powered possibly by the massive OB star D2. Molecular hydrogen densities and kinetic temperatures in the maser region are consistent with models of collisional pumping of the (3, 3) maser.