Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Einsatz standardisierter Patienten im Psychologiestudium: Von der Forschung in die Praxis

Hintergrund: Im Rahmen des reformierten Psychotherapeutengesetzes wird eine stärkere Praxisorientierung in der klinisch-psychologischen Lehre und in der Prüfung psychotherapeutischer Kompetenzen verankert. Hierbei sollen Studierende durch die Interaktion mit standardisierten Patient*innen (SP) therapeutische Kompetenzen erwerben und demonstrieren. Fragestellung: Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, eine evidenzbasierte Umsetzung dieser neuen Lehr- und Prüfungsformate zu unterstützen, indem bisherige Forschungsbefunde zum Einsatz von SP dargestellt und Bereiche, in denen weitere Forschung notwendig ist, aufgezeigt werden. Ergebnisse: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass SP psychische Störungen authentisch darstellen können. Voraussetzung dafür sind beispielsweise die Auswahl geeigneter SP, detaillierte Rollenanleitungen, spezifisches Training, Feedback und Nachschulungen. Auch wenn einige Forschungsfragen, wie zur vergleichenden Wirksamkeit des Einsatzes von SP, noch unbeantwortet sind, lassen sich praktische Implikationen für SP-Programme in Lehre, Prüfung und Forschung ableiten, die in einem Ablaufschema dargestellt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Einsatz von SP bietet großes Potenzial für die klinisch-psychologische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung. Um den Einsatz von SP an anderen Standorten zu unterstützen, werden Beispielmaterialien (z.B. Rollenanleitung) in den elektronischen Supplementen (siehe www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000509249 für alle Supplemente) zum Artikel zur Verfügung gestellt.
Analysing impulse purchasing in cross-border electronic commerce

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of product information on impulse purchases in a cross-border electronic commerce (CBEC) setting from the perspective of cue stimulation. ,This study proposes a research model of impulse purchases in CBEC based on the cue utilization theory and Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. The research model was tested using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Data were collected from the consumers of a popular CBEC platform in China. ,A high-quality product description has a significant positive effect on concentration but not on curiosity and autotelic experience. A high-quality product display has a significant positive effect on concentration, curiosity and autotelic experience. High-quality product content has a significant positive effect on curiosity and autotelic experience but not on concentration. Curiosity and autotelic experience both have a significant positive effect on impulse purchases; however, concentration has no such effect on an impulse purchase. Curiosity and autotelic experience have a full mediation effect between product display and impulse purchases and between product content and impulse purchases, respectively. ,This study integrates the S-O-R model and cue utilization theory to construct a theoretical model of product information-flow experience-impulse purchases. According to the model, we can understand how product information influences consumers' impulse purchases in CBEC.
Chemical Reaction Between Metallic Iron and a Limited Water Supply Under Pressure: Implications for Water Behavior at the Core‐Mantle Boundary

Water transportation to the deep lower mantle via plate subduction may induce a reaction between water and iron at the core‐mantle boundary. Recent experimental studies suggest that such a reaction may generate FeO2Hx‐rich domains, which can explain the seismic structures of the ultralow velocity zone in this region. In this study, the chemical reaction between metallic iron and a limited water supply at ~120 GPa was investigated using time‐resolved in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements in combination with the laser‐heated diamond anvil cell technique. Contrary to the results of earlier studies, the formation of FeO instead of FeO2Hx without intermediate phases was observed. Considering the unlimited availability of iron in the core and the limited water supply resulting from mantle downflow, the FeO‐rich layers consisted of Fe‐bearing ferropericlase and postperovskite, which must have locally cumulated at the bottom of the mantle simultaneously with hydrogen incorporation into the core.
Comparisons of Endwall Overall Effectiveness From Two Film Hole Distribution Patterns at Low and High Exit Mach Numbers

In this paper, detailed overall cooling effectiveness and associated flow patterns are presented for two distinct film hole distribution patterns over a turbine endwall: an axial-row pattern and an iso-Mach number line row pattern. Measurements, in combination with numerical simulations, are performed in a scaled-up cascade. Thermal protection for the endwall is achieved by jet-array impingement on the cold side and discrete film cooling on the hot-gas side, combined with purge air from an inclined slot that simulates the upstream seal cavity. Infrared (IR) thermography techniques are used to obtain overall effectiveness in a wide range of coolant flow ratios of 1.5–3.8%. Mach numbers at the exit of the vane cascade are 0.25 and 0.70, representing the variations of engine operating conditions. Overall effectiveness measurements and computational flowfields show that the iso-Mach number line hole pattern outperforms the hole pattern with axial rows of holes in terms of overall effectiveness levels and thermodynamic energy losses, regardless of coolant flow ratios. Increasing Mach number increases overall effectiveness levels on the endwall and higher Mach numbers generate higher effectiveness improvement for the iso-Mach number line arrangement, relative to the axial-row configuration. Additionally, adding purge air to the endwall considerably improves the overall effectiveness levels and purge air performs better for the axial-row pattern due to no direct interactions with downstream discrete coolant injection.
Assessing Underground Water Exchange Between Regions Using GRACE Data

Quantifying the underground water exchange between adjacent regions is a common question in field investigations and groundwater flow models. This paper proposes an innovative approach to assess underground water exchange patterns based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations, the water balance method, and Darcy's law. The dynamic patterns of flux changes are investigated over four boundaries of an arid plain. Moreover, the causes of anthropogenic and climate factors are evaluated using the entropy method and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. The results indicate that terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the study area shows a decreasing trend at a rate of −1.77 ± 0.21 mm/yr from 2003 to 2015. The water resources recharging the study area from its southern boundary show a noticeable increasing trend, which is mainly attributed to the warming climate and increasing precipitation on the Qilian Mountains. The Ecological Water Diversion Project and the imbalance between precipitation and evapotranspiration are the main factors inducing the decline of flux changes for the northern, western, and eastern boundaries. Under the constrains of empirical values of hydrogeological parameters, GRACE‐based methods find that increment of the flux changes in the southern boundary may account for approximately 0.43% of the investigated flux in 2000, and the decrement of flux changes in the eastern boundary may be about 0.01% to the previous measured results. Anthropogenic activities are the dominant driving force for the changes in water resources, with the weight of 88.70%. The presented method can provide insights into the patterns of flux change in data‐poor areas.
Functional aspects of P2 receptor signalling in the rat central nervous system

Functional aspects of P2 receptor signalling in the rat central nervous system Gillian C. Bennett Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), exerts an effect on receptors termed ‘P2 receptors’, which can be divided into ionotropic ‘P2X’ receptors and metabotropic ‘P2Y’ receptors. ATP is released from peripheral and central nerve terminals and is well established as a fast excitatory transmitter, acting through P2X receptors. However, relatively little evidence has emerged to demonstrate the presence of P2Y receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), although preand post-synaptic expression have been shown in the periphery. The aim of this study was therefore to study some consequences of P2Y receptor activation in preparations of rat brain cortex, and to attempt identification and localisation of receptor subtypes. The relatively stable analogue of ATP, ATPyS, enhanced total inositol phosphate accumulation in lithium blocked rat cortical slices, indicating that phospholipase C-linked P2 receptors were present and functional. Cerebrocortical primary cultures were made, and nucleotide-mediated Ca2+ transients studied, which indicated the presence of P2Yi receptors on glia and P2X receptors on neurones. KCl-evoked glutamate release from cortical slices was measured and an inhibitory, modulatory effect of ATP, ADP, ATPyS and adenosine established. The Ai receptor antagonist, DPCPX, blocked the inhibitory effect of both ATP and adenosine whereas the P2 receptor antagonist, Cibacron Blue 3GA, inhibited evoked glutamate release when tested alone, augmented the inhibition shown by ATP but had no effect on adenosine inhibitions. Hypotheses are proposed to explain these effects. Finally, RT-PCR showed the presence of P2Y4 and P2Y6 mRNA in adult and embryonic rat cortical tissue, cerebrocortical cells and glial cell cultures. P2Yi mRNA was found in all preparations with the exception of adult cortical tissue, and P2Y2 mRNA was found in all but embryonic cortical tissue. It is concluded that P2Y receptors are present and functional in a variety of rat cortical preparations and may exert a widespread influence on brain function.
Comparison of the Scaling Relationships of Leaf Biomass versus Surface Area between Spring and Summer for Two Deciduous Tree Species

The scaling relationship between either leaf dry or fresh mass (M) and surface area (A) can reflect the photosynthetic potential and efficiency of light harvesting in different broad-leaved plants. In growing leaves, lamina area expansion is typically finished before the completion of leaf biomass accumulation, thereby affecting the M vs. A scaling relationship at different developmental stages of leaves (e.g., young vs. adult leaves). In addition, growing plants can have different-sized leaves at different plant ages, potentially also changing M vs. A scaling. Furthermore, leaf shape can also change during the course of ontogeny and modify the M vs. A scaling relationship. Indeed, the effect of seasonal changes in leaf shape on M vs. A scaling has not been examined in any previous studies known to us. The study presented here was conducted using two deciduous tree species: Alangium chinense (saplings forming leaves through the growing season) and Liquidambar formosana (adult trees producing only one leaf flush in spring) that both have complex but nearly bilaterally symmetrical leaf shapes. We determined (i) whether leaf shapes differed in spring versus summer; (ii) whether the M vs. A scaling relationship varied over time; and (iii) whether there is a link between leaf shape and the scaling exponent governing the M vs. A scaling relationship. The data indicated that (i) the leaf dissection index in spring was higher than that in summer for both species (i.e., leaf-shape complexity decreased from young to adult leaves); (ii) there was a significant difference in the numerical value of the scaling exponent of leaf perimeter vs. area between leaves sampled at the two dates; (iii) spring leaves had a higher water content than summer leaves, and the scaling exponents of dry mass vs. area and fresh mass vs. area were all greater than unity; (iv) the scaling relationship between fresh mass and area was statistically more robust than that between leaf dry mass and area; (v) the scaling exponents of leaf dry and fresh mass vs. area of A. chinense leaves in spring were greater than those in summer (i.e., leaves in younger plants tend to be larger than leaves in older plants), whereas, for the adult trees of L. formosana, the scaling exponent in spring was smaller than that in summer, indicating increases in leaf dry mass per unit area with increasing leaf age; and (vi) leaf shape appears not to be related to the scaling relationship between either leaf dry or fresh mass and area, but is correlated with the scaling exponent of leaf perimeter vs. area (which tends to be a ½ power function). These trends indicate that studies of leaf morphometrics and scaling relationships must consider the influence of seasonality and plant age in sampling of leaves and the interpretation of data.
Dietary niacin requirement of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala based on a dose–response study

This study aimed to determine the optimal dietary niacin requirement of juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish, with an average weight of 3.62 ± 0.02 g, were randomly divided into six groups and fed six purified diets with graded levels of niacin (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg) three times daily for 8 weeks. The survival rate, weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency and protein retention all significantly improved (p .05) with further increases in niacin levels. The supplementation of 30 mg/kg niacin also led to a significant (p .05) but exerted a significant (p < .05) influence on protein and lipid contents and liver nicotinamide concentrations with high values obtained in fish receiving greater than 30 mg/kg of niacin. In addition, moderate levels of niacin lowered plasma triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acid and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p < .05). Based on the broken-line regression analysis of WG and liver nicotinamide content, the optimal dietary niacin requirement of juvenile blunt snout bream was 31.25 and 30.62 mg/kg, respectively.
Application of UHPLC and GC/MS for Detection of Hidden Drugs in Traditional Hand-Made Herbal Slimming Products

Background: Obesity is one of the health issues all over the world. Patients always demand convenient and fast methods for weight reduction. Hand-made herbal drugs are advertised by herbal practitioners to gain this goal. Unscrupulous manufacturers produce herbal products that are adulterated with hidden legal or illegal drugs to lose weight in a shorter period of time. Objectives: The main purpose of the present study was to analyze hand-made herbal slimming drugs to detect undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients. Methods: Forty hand-made herbal products sold as weight loss aid were prepared from 270 herb shops in Gilan province, Iran, in a six-month period. All samples were analyzed using UHPLC and GC/MS instrumentations. Results: The results showed that 25% of collected herbal preparations contained caffeine. Moreover, an unlabeled herbal tablet contained metformin. Conclusions: Herbal slimming products in Gilan province were not adulterated as much as herbal drugs collected from other provinces in Iran. However, adulteration practices may endanger the health or safety of consumers.
Seek and learn: Automated identification of microevents in animal behaviour using envelopes of acceleration data and machine learning

Animal‐borne accelerometers have been used across more than 120 species to infer biologically significant information such as energy expenditure and broad behavioural categories. While the accelerometer's high sensitivity to movement and fast response times present the unprecedented opportunity to resolve fine‐scale behaviour, leveraging this opportunity will require overcoming the challenge of developing general, automated methods to analyse the nonstationary signals generated by nonlinear processes governing erratic, impulsive movement characteristic of fine‐scale behaviour. We address this issue by conceptualising fine‐scale behaviour in terms of characteristic microevents: impulsive movements producing brief (<1 s) shock signals in accelerometer data. We propose a ‘seek‐and‐learn’ approach: a novel microevent detection step first locates where shock signals occur (‘seek’) by searching for peaks in envelopes of acceleration data. Robust machine learning (‘learn’) employing meaningful features then separates microevents. We showcase the application of our method on tri‐axial accelerometer data collected on 10 free‐living meerkats Suricata suricatta for four fine‐scale foraging behaviours – searching for digging sites, one‐armed digging, two‐armed digging and head jerks during prey ingestion. Annotated videos served as groundtruth, and performance was benchmarked against that of a variety of classical machine learning approaches. Microevent identification (μEvId) with eight features in a three‐node hierarchical classification scheme employing logistic regression at each node achieved a mean overall accuracy of >85% during leave‐one‐individual‐out cross‐validation, and exceeded that of the best classical machine learning approach by 8.6%. μEvId was found to be robust not only to inter‐individual variation but also to large changes in model parameters. Our results show that microevents can be modelled as impulse responses of the animal body‐and‐sensor system. The microevent detection step retains only informative regions of the signal, which results in the selection of discriminative features that reflect biomechanical differences between microevents. Moving‐window‐based classical machine learning approaches lack this prefiltering step, and were found to be suboptimal for capturing the nonstationary dynamics of the recorded signals. The general, automated technique of μEvId, together with existing models that can identify broad behavioural categories, provides future studies with a powerful toolkit to exploit the full potential of accelerometers for animal behaviour recognition.
Polarimetry of the superluminous transient ASASSN-15lh

ASASSN-15lh is the intrinsically brightest transient observed to date. Despite being the subject of concerted photometric and spectroscopic observing campaigns, there is still significant debate about the true nature of this transient and the mechanism responsible for its great luminosity. Here we report five epochs of imaging polarimetry and two epochs of spectropolarimetry conducted with the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph (FORS) polarimeter, spanning +28–91 d (rest frame) with respect to the light-curve maximum. The overall level of polarization across this period is seen to be low ${\sim} 0.5\! -\! 0.8 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, however at +51.6 d, approximately corresponding to a dip in the ultraviolet (UV) photometric light curve, the polarization is seen to briefly rise to $1.2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the observed V band. We discuss this behaviour in the context of previous polarimetric observations of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) and tidal disruption events (TDEs). Although the level of polarization could be consistent with polarization observed for SLSNe, the behaviour around the UV light-curve dip could also be consistent with a TDE observed almost edge on.
Anti-GD2 antibody and Vorinostat immunocombination therapy is highly effective in an aggressive orthotopic neuroblastoma model

ABSTRACT Neuroblastoma is a childhood malignancy and in the majority of patients, the primary tumor arises in one of the adrenal glands. Neuroblastoma cells highly express the disialoganglioside GD2, which is the primary target for the development of neuroblastoma immunotherapy. Anti-GD2 mAbs have shown clinical efficacy and are integrated into standard treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma patients. We previously reported synergy between the HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat and anti-GD2 mAbs in a heterotopic, subcutaneous growing neuroblastoma model. Additionally, we have previously developed an orthotopic intra-adrenal neuroblastoma model showing more aggressive tumor growth. Here, we report that anti-GD2 mAb and Vorinostat immunocombination therapy is even more effective in suppressing neuroblastoma growth in the aggressive orthotopic model, resulting in increased animal survival. Intra-adrenal tumors from mice treated with Vorinostat were highly infiltrated with myeloid cells, including macrophages, displaying increased MHCII and Fc-receptor expression. Collectively, these data provide a strong rationale for clinical testing of anti-GD2 mAbs with concomitant Vorinostat in neuroblastoma patients.
Untuned but not irrelevant: The role of untuned neurons in sensory information coding

In the sensory systems, most neurons’ firing rates are tuned to at least one aspect of the stimulus. Other neurons are appear to be untuned, meaning that their firing rates do not depend on the stimulus. Previous work on information coding in neural populations has ignored untuned neurons, based on the tacit assumption that they are unimportant. Recent experimental work has questioned this assumption, showing that in some circumstances, neurons with no apparent stimulus tuning can contribute to sensory information coding. These findings are intriguing, because they suggest that – by virtue of our ignoring putatively untuned neurons – our understanding of neural population coding might be incomplete. At the same time, several key questions remain unanswered: Are the impacts of putatively untuned neurons on population coding due to weak tuning that is nevertheless below the threshold the experimenters set for calling neurons tuned (vs untuned)? And why do there appear to be untuned neurons in the brain? Do mixed populations of tuned and untuned neurons have a functional advantage over populations containing only tuned neurons? Using theoretical calculations and analyses of in vivo neural data, I answer those questions by: a) showing how untuned neurons can enhance sensory information coding; b) demonstrating that this effect does not rely on weak tuning; and c) identifying conditions under which the neural code can be made more informative by replacing some of the tuned neurons with untuned ones. These conditions specify when there is a functional benefit to having untuned neurons in a circuit, and thus suggest a reason why the brain might contain untuned neurons. Overall, this work shows that, even in the extreme case, where some neurons have no tuning, those neurons can still contribute to sensory information coding, and thus should not be ignored.