Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Long‐Term Efficacy of Denosumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis: A FRAX‐ and Virtual Twin‐Based Post Hoc Analysis From the FREEDOM and FREEDOM Extension Trials

The 3‐year placebo‐controlled FREEDOM (Fracture REduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months) trial established the antifracture efficacy of denosumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The 7‐year open‐label extension demonstrated that denosumab treatment for up to 10 years was associated with low rates of adverse events and low fracture incidence. The extension lacked a long‐term control group, thus limiting the ability to fully evaluate long‐term efficacy. This analysis provides a quantitative estimate of the long‐term antifracture efficacy of denosumab based on two approaches: comparison with FRAX®‐ (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool‐) and virtual twin‐estimated 10‐year fracture rates. Subjects who were randomized to denosumab in the FREEDOM trial, continued into the Extension study, completed the 10‐year visit, and missed ≤1 dose in the FREEDOM trial and ≤1 dose in the Extension (n = 1278) were included in the analysis. The 10‐year observed cumulative incidence of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fractures was compared with the 10‐year fracture probability predicted at baseline by FRAX, a computer‐based fracture risk algorithm, and with that estimated for a hypothetical cohort of 10‐year placebo controls (virtual twins). The observed 10‐year fracture incidence was lower than the 10‐year probability predicted by FRAX for both MOF (10.75% [95% CI, 9.05 to 12.46] versus 15.63% [95% CI, 15.08 to 16.18], respectively), and hip fractures (1.17% [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.76] versus 5.62% [95% CI, 5.28 to 5.97], respectively). The observed fracture incidence was also lower than the fracture rate estimated in a hypothetical cohort of 10‐year placebo controls for MOF (23.13% [95% CI, 17.76 to 28.87]; relative risk 0.49 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.64]). These data support the long‐term efficacy of denosumab in reducing MOF and hip fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ANTIEPILEPTIC EFFECT OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PHENYTOIN ON MES INDUCED EPILEPSY IN RATS

Background: The currently available antiepileptic drugs have a low therapeutic index, and provide satisfactory seizure control in only 60-70% of patients. Calcium channel blocker has shown potentials of a useful add-on drug for the existing antiepileptic drugs. Objectives: To study the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) nifedipine and verapamil on maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions and also to evaluate their effect in combination with Phenytoin. Methods: For this study, Male Wistar rats were used. Effects of nifedipine (5 mg/kg), verapamil (20mg/kg) alone and in combination with phenytoin (25mg/kg) were studied in MES model. Abolition of hind limb tonic extension and reduction of duration of tonic extension was considered as the index for antiepileptic activity in MES. Results: Verapamil and nifedipine produced significant antiepileptic effect alone. Verapamil and nifedipine potentiated the antiepileptic effect of phenytoin sodium. Conclusion: Dose of phenytoin sodium can be reduced in epileptic patients receiving verapamil or nifedipine for some other clinical conditions. Verapamil and nifedipine can also be used alone in the treatment of generalized tonic clonic seizures. However it needs further confirmation to establish clinical utility of calcium channel blockers. KEY WORDS: Nifedipine, verapamil, phenytoin, MES seizure rats.
Management of Storage Diseases of Onion by Using Different Fungicides and Antibiotics

Onion (Allium cepa L.), is a member of class Liliaceae and family Alliaceae, widely distributed and grown in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate climatic zones (Fritsch and Friesen, 2002). It is biennial crop (Bohanec et al., 2003), and in India it is grown twice (Rabi and Kharif) in a year (NHRDF, 2009) The name ‘’ wild onion’’ is applied to a number of Allium species but A.cepa is exclusively known from cultivation and its wild original form is not known. The onion is most frequently a biennial or a perennial plant, but is usually treated as an annual and harvested in its first growing season.
Nursing visit and doubts expressed by families in the intensive care unit Visita de Enfermagem e dúvidas manifestadas pela família em unidade de terapia intensiva

Abstract Objective: Understanding the doubts expressed by relatives of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for more than 24 hours during nursing visits.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study that included 115 family members of patients hospitalized for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit. The research instrument was a questionnaire applied in three nursing visits.Results: The most frequent doubt was about the clinical status, and the average difference between the doubts of the first and the second visit was statistically significant (p = 0.047). The average number of doubts in the first visit was significant when compared with the third (p<0.001). Conclusion: The doubts expressed by family members were about the health status, medical conditions and the care provided. The average number of questions was lower in the third nursing visit. Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer as duvidas dos familiares de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva, ha mais de 24 horas, e manifestadas durante as visitas de enfermagem.Metodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo que incluiu 115 familiares de pacientes internados ha mais de 24 horas em unidade de terapia intensiva. O instrumento de pesquisa foi um questionario aplicado em tres visitas de enfermagem.Resultados: A duvida mais apresentada foi sobre o estado clinico e a diferenca media entre as duvidas da primeira e segunda visita foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,047). A media de duvidas da primeira visita foi significante, quando comparada com a terceira (p<0,001). Conclusao: As duvidas manifestadas por familiares foram sobre o estado de saude, condicoes clinicas e sobre o cuidado realizado. O numero medio de duvidas foi menor na terceira visita de enfermagem.
The Impact of Dietary Sodium Intake on Sweat Sodium Concentration in Response to Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review

The collection, processing, and analysis of sweat samples to determine sodium losses during endurance exercise is common amongst sports and exercise nutrition practitioners, and necessary for researchers investigating sodium losses and replacement strategies. Several factors influence sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]) that need to be controlled or considered when interpreting results. Dietary sodium intake in the days preceding exercise is one factor that may influence sweat [Na+]. A systematic review was undertaking using six databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline Ovid, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) to determine the impact of dietary sodium intake on sweat [Na+] in response to endurance exercise. Six papers met the inclusion criteria. They varied in the level of sodium intake (<196 to 9177 mg/d), intervention timeframe (3 to 42 days), exercise modality (cycling ergometry, treadmill walking and running), and sweat collection method (whole body washdown and regional patch techniques). Two studies showed significant differences in sweat [Na+] due to diet, two showed no significant difference, and two were not analysed statistically. No relationship was found across studies comparing the difference in sodium intake between interventions and sweat [Na+]. Several limitations were identified, including lack of validation of the intervention, collecting regional sweat samples from limited sites or averaging results across sites or collection days, and lack of statistical analysis. It is concluded that the impact of dietary sodium intake on sweat [Na+] in response to endurance exercise remains uncertain, however the review provides useful insights into the optimal study design for future research in this area.
Expanding the Edge: The Use of Caves and Rockshelters during the Late-Pleistocene Human Dispersal into the Central Atacama Highlands

ABSTRACT Several archaeological sites located in caves and rockshelters in the highlands of the Central Atacama Desert reflect the late-Pleistocene peopling of the area (13,000–11,500 cal yr BP). Based on study of the lithic technology and other complementary data, we suggest that they were used as hunting stations and transient camps, mostly intended for specialized tasks as part of long-distance mobility. The gradual extension of the logistical radii of hunter-gatherer groups already adapted to high-altitude environments appears to be the most likely explanation for the early peopling of the area.
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, FACTORS RELATED WITH COMPLICATIONS AND MORTALITY IN PEPTIC ULCER PERFORATION IN YOUNG ADULTS: A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL STUDY

Objectives: As the peptic ulcer affects 2-10% of the population and is gradually affecting more of the young as compared to the old so a study was designed to identify the factors associated and look for the complications and incidence of peptic ulcer perforation in young adults. Methods: Patients of either sex between 18-30 years of age diagnosed of peptic ulcer perforation failing to respond to medical therapy, admitted on an emergency basis were included into the study. Intra-operative findings pertaining to exploration under general anesthesia, release of free gas as the abdomen was opened, site and size of perforation, amount and nature of peritoneal contamination present were made note of standard procedure of simple closure and live omentoplasty followed by thorough peritoneal lavage was performed. Results: Of 270 patients, 96(35.5 %) patients constituted our study group of which 78 (81.2%) were males and 18 (18.7%) were females. 20.8 % of the patients reported of history of acute peptic disease/ulcer and had taken medication in the past in any form i.e. antacid, H + pump inhibitor or H-2 blocker whereas 76 (79.1%) patients reported of no such history. All the patients of study group presented with symptoms of pain, tenderness, tachycardia and guarding. Pneumoperitoneum was found in 89 (92.7%) and all 96 (100%) presented with pyoperitoneum. 67 (69.7%), 29 (30.2 %), patients suffered anterior duodenal and gastric perforation respectively and 2 patients suffered combined gastric and duodenal perforation. 2 (2.08%) patients expired post-operatively, 65 (67.7%) continued their regular follow up and 31 (32%) patients did not turn back. Conclusion: Peptic ulcer perforation is common disorder in the young population with a male predominance.
The ‘wild and woolly’ world of exercise referral schemes: contested interpretations of an exercise as medicine programme

Abstract Exercise Referral Schemes (ERS) are programmes commonly implemented in the United Kingdom to increase physical activity levels and ‘treat’ ‘sedentary’ individuals and those diagnosed with non-communicable chronic disease. The views and interpretations of stakeholders are currently under-researched, however. This paper addresses sociologically this research lacuna, presenting data from interviews with 17 ERS stakeholders (seven exercise professionals, five health professionals and five strategic managers) in a case study English county. A figurational sociological lens was adopted to provide novel insights into the meanings attached to ERS, and their contestation through service delivery models. Thematic analysis generated salient themes regarding divergent interpretations of ERS goals, and conflict within both service delivery pathways and perceptions of programme impact. Data highlighted conflicting and inconsistent stakeholder accounts within and across groups, suggesting participants attached specific, interdependent and sometimes contradictory meanings to ERS. This created conflict and generated interesting unintended consequences. Perceived divisions between strategic and local levels, and between professional groups emerged strongly. The consequences of such divisions are discussed, together with implications for future analyses of exercise as medicine programmes. Results suggest that an excessive focus upon programme impact and end-user experiences may overlook the influence of stakeholder interpretation on how and why exercise is employed as medicine, by whom, for whom and in which circumstances.
Quantification of Naphthalene Dioxygenase (NahAC) and Catechol Dioxygenase (C23O) Catabolic Genes Produced by Phenanthrene-Degrading Pseudomonas fluorescens AH-40

Background Petroleum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be toxic and carcinogenic for humans and their contamination of soils and water is of great environmental concern. Identification of the key microorganisms that play a role in pollutant degradation processes is relevant to the development of optimal in situ bioremediation strategies. Objective Detection of the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens AH-40 to consume phenanthrene as a sole carbon source and determining the variation in the concentration of both nahAC and C23O catabolic genes during 15 days of the incubation period. Methods In the current study, a bacterial strain AH-40 was isolated from crude oil polluted soil by enrichment technique in mineral basal salts (MBS) medium supplemented with phenanthrene (PAH) as a sole carbon and energy source. The isolated strain was genetically identified based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The degradation of PAHs by this strain was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The detection and quantification of naphthalene dioxygenase (nahAc) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) genes, which play a critical role during the mineralization of PAHs in the liquid bacterial culture were achieved by quantitative PCR. Results Strain AH-40 was identified as pseudomonas fluorescens. It degraded 97% of 150 mg phenanthrene L-1 within 15 days, which is faster than previously reported pure cultures. The copy numbers of chromosomal encoding catabolic genes nahAc and C23O increased during the process of phenanthrene degradation. Conclusion nahAc and C23O genes are the main marker genes for phenanthrene degradation by strain AH-40. P. fluorescence AH-40 could be recommended for bioremediation of phenanthrene contaminated site.
The role of elaboration likelihood routes in relationships between user-generated content and willingness to pay more

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social media sharing on tourists’ willingness to pay more (WPM) at destinations. The moderating effects of tourists’ preferred route in decision-making or obtaining information (i.e. central or peripheral routes) were also examined. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model was developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Moderating effects of central and peripheral routes were tested using PLS multi-group analysis. Data were collected from 478 tourists in Antalya, Turkey, a sea, sun and sand tourist destination. Findings Findings indicate that importance attached to participant sharing (IPS) and importance attached to non-participant sharing (INPS) are significant antecedents of tourists’ WPM intentions. Moderating effects of tourists’ preferred route in decision-making reveal that the effect of IPS on WPM intention is more influential for those with high central route preferences than those with low central route preferences. While the effects of INPS and IPS on WPM intention is more determinative for those with higher peripheral route preferences. Practical implications Although it is known by the practitioners that consumer-generated contents are important, this research suggests and supports that these contents trigger tourists to pay higher prices. Originality/value How WPM is motivated by others’ social media sharing was not very clear in the literature. Therefore, this research gap was addressed in part by examining the social media sharing structure in terms of whether others posted on organization-related sites or on personal sites.
Whatever It Takes: How and When Supervisor Bottom-Line Mentality Motivates Employee Contributions in the Workplace

Given that many organizations are competitive and finance centered, organizational leaders may lead with a primary focus on bottom-line attainment, such that they are perceived by their subordinates as having a bottom-line mentality (BLM) that entails pursuing bottom-line outcomes above all else. Yet, the field is limited in understanding why such a leadership approach affects employees’ positive and negative contributions in the workplace. Drawing on social exchange theory, we theorize that supervisors high in BLM can influence employees’ felt obligation toward the bottom line, which in turn can influence employees’ task performance and unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). We also examine employee ambition as a moderator of this process. Using three-wave, multisource data collected from the financial services industry, our results revealed that high-BLM supervisors elevate employee task performance as well as UPB by motivating employees’ felt obligation toward the bottom line. Furthermore, we found that employee ambition served as a first-stage moderator, such that the mediated relationships were stronger when employee ambition was high as opposed to low. Our findings break away from the dominant dysfunctional view of BLM and provide a more balanced view of this mentality.
Visualizing the menstrual cycle: effects of a redesigned cycle diagram on community college biology students' learning

This mixed methods, exploratory study investigated the importance of the menstrual cycle diagram for understanding human reproduction. Several theories were used to support this study including Visual Design Theory (Tufte, 1990, 1997, 2001), and Human Constructivist Theory (Mintzes, Wandersee, Novak 1998). The two sexuality education programs used by society, abstinence-only programs and comprehensive sex education programs were compared to illustrate how this study applies to the current state of sexuality education in the United States. Community college students from two institutions in the southern region of the United States, registered in five introductory biological science courses, participated in a unit on the menstrual cycle diagram. These students were given a pretest and posttest probing their knowledge about the menstrual cycle and the value added by using a menstrual cycle diagram during instruction. The main diagram that was tested used a calendar format diagram designed by the researcher. After the posttest was administered, six students from each course were clinically interviewed. A partitioned content analysis was performed on the qualitative data with respect to student understanding and variables--gender, age category, prior knowledge, childbearing experience and geographic area. Pearson’s chi-square analysis was used on the quantitative data to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the answers for each question on the pretest and posttest. In addition, a paired ttest was performed on the quantitative data to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the students who participated in the study, overall and by category. Nine of the 23 questions showed a
Influence of Low Frequency Near-Field Sources Position on the Assessment of Children Exposure Variability Using Stochastic Dosimetry

The objective of the present work was to assess the children exposure variability due to low frequency near-field sources using an approach based on stochastic dosimetry. These scenarios represent a topic of high interest, because it was found that domestic appliances could be relevant for children exposure level. In details, in this paper the exposure of two child models to a hairdryer model was evaluated. Following the ICNIRP guidelines, the electric field amplitudes induced in specific tissues composing the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system were analyzed. The analysis of the results permitted to highlight a high exposure variability depending on the near-field source position and to individuate the regions where the source could cause the highest levels of exposure, not limiting the analysis only to some worst-case exposure scenarios.
Herbal Drugs with Promising Anti- Leishmanial Activity: New Hope for Leishmaniasis Treatment

Context: Leishmaniasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases. Many medicinal plants have been utilized for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Evidence Acquisition: Recent clinical trials have proven the eﬃcacy of a number of herbal drugs. Synthetic agents and current drugs on the market have some disadvantages, such as side eﬀects, high cost, and painful injections. Given the eﬃciency of herbal drugs, they can be a source of natural and harmless compounds for Leishmania treatment. Results: Severalresearcheshaveshownawiderangeof plantextractexhibitingremarkableanti-leishmanialactivityinvitroandin vivo. Conclusions: Attempts for discovery of an eﬀective strategy for leishmaniasis treatment with nominal side eﬀects are being continued and herbal drugs are receiving much interest. More clinical studies should be done to investigate the eﬃcacy and safety of herbal drugs for the production of eﬀective and safe drugs for leishmaniasis treatment. This may also provide new hope for leishmaniasis treatment.
Impact of Government Expenditure on Agricultural Productivity in South Africa

Government expenditure has been considered to be having an extent of impact on economic performance at both sectoral level and aggregate national level. Evidence from literature, however shows that this notion has not been generally accepted across countries and sectors. Considering the significance of agriculture in an economy most especially in Africa, and the consequent role of government, this study examines the impact of government expenditure on agricultural productivity in South Africa using annual time series data from 1983 to 2016. It is shown that there exists a long-run relationship between government expenditure on agriculture and agricultural productivity, and a positive significant effect only to be expected in the long-run. The finding underscores the non-negotiable role of the South African government funding of agricultural sector in an era of climate change and a highly commercialized agricultural system. Furthermore, considering the low and declining pattern of government expenditure in the sector in South Africa, the desired productivity growth impact will only be experienced in the long-run all things being equal. Improving government funding in the sector could accelerate the desired agricultural productivity in the short-term.
Association between temperature and back pain among lumbar disc herniation patients

This paper was designed to critically provide empirical evidence for the relationship between temperature and intensity of back pain among people with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Distributed lag linear and non-linear models (DLNM) was used to evaluate the relationship between lag-response and exposure to ambient temperature. Stratification was based on age and gender.When daily average temperature was on the rage of 15-23□, the risk of hospitalization was at the lowest level for men group. About below 10□, risk for male hospitalization could keep increase when lag day were during lag0-lag5 and lag20-lag28. 40<age≤50 group was little affected when they exposed to ambient temperature.