Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The right place at the right time?

Language functions that are disrupted by focal lesions in the left hemisphere often recover substantially over time. It has long been hypothesized that the right hemisphere gradually assumes language functions that have been impaired by left hemisphere lesions. This hypothesis has received support from a variety of sources. Individuals who recover from aphasia after stroke often become aphasic again after right hemisphere lesions (Nielson, 1946; Levine and Mohr, 1979) or after sodium amytal injection in the right carotid artery (Kinsbourne, 1971), consistent with the hypothesis that language had ‘crossed’ to the right hemisphere. Likewise, functional neuroimaging studies have often revealed more activation in the right hemisphere during language tasks in recovered aphasic patients compared to healthy controls (Weiller et al ., 1995; Ohyama et al ., 1996; Cappa et al ., 1997; Musso et al ., 1999; Thulborn et al ., 1999; Thompson et al ., 2000; Leff et al ., 2002; Crinon and Price, 2005). However, other functional imaging studies have revealed increased perilesional activation in the left hemisphere during language tasks compared to normal controls (Karbe et al ., 1995; Heiss et al ., 1999; Warburton et al ., 1999; Thiel et al ., 2001). Furthermore, several PET and fMRI studies have demonstrated that the degree of activation in right hemisphere areas (or perilesional left hemisphere areas) does not correlate with the degree of recovery (Heiss et al ., 1999; Cardebat et al ., 2003). A brief review of the literature on functional imaging studies of recovery of any function after stroke reveals that some studies show increased activation with improved function (e.g. Kessler et al . , 2000; Thompson et …
Natural Product Research : Formerly Natural Product Letters

Alkaloids from Piper sarmentosum and Piper nigrum G.C. L. Ee a , C.M. Lim a , C.K. Lim b , M. Rahmani a , K. Shaari a & C.F. J. Bong c a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia b Faculty of Engineering & Science , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Setapak , 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia c Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture & Food Sciences , Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus , 97008, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia Published online: 22 Sep 2010.
Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters

Alessio Alesci, Nicola Cicero, Andrea Salvo, Deborah Palombieri, DanieleZaccone, Giacomo Dugo, Maurizio Bruno, Rossella Vadala, Eugenia Rita Lauriano & SimonaPergolizzi (2014): Extracts deriving from olive mill waste water and their effects on the liver of thegoldfish Carassius auratus fed with hypercholesterolemic diet, Natural Product Research: FormerlyNatural Product Letters, DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014. 903479
Natural Product Research : Formerly Natural Product Letters

Fatty acids of Rhodobryum ontariense (Bryaceae) B. Pejin a b c , A. Bianco c , S. Newmaster d , M. Sabovljevic e , Lj. Vujisic f , V. Tesevic a , V. Vajs f & S. De Rosa b a Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia b Institute for Biomolecular Chemistry , ICB-CNR , PozzuoliNaples , Italy c Department of Chemistry , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy d College of Biological Science, Department of Integrative Biology , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada e Institute of Botany and Garden, Faculty of Biology , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia f Center of Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy , Belgrade , Serbia Published online: 06 Sep 2011.
Response time of the polar ionospheric convection pattern to changes in the north-south direction of the IMF. Scientific report No. 1

A three day period from January 27 through January 29, 1992 is analyzed using one minute resolution solar wind data from the IMP8 satellite and the ionospheric convection pattern data derived from the four operational DMSP satellites. During this period there were several clear reversals of the sign of the z component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) which is known to have a direct effect on the convection patterns observed in the polar ionosphere. Polar convection patterns observed by the frequent passes of four DMSP satellites are examined following each sign change to determine the time lag between the change in the IMF at the magnetopause and the establishment of a new global convection signature in the ionosphere. After removing the transit time for the IMF to travel from the position of the IMP-8 satellite to the magnetopause, a further time lag of about 17 to 25 minutes is observed for the five cases where the IMF turned from northward to southward. A longer lag of between 28 and 44 minutes is observed for the two cases where the IMF turned from southward to northward. These lags are interpreted as the inertial response time of the ionosphere in reactingmore » to the change in the IMF. « less
Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing - A factor in biofilm development, and an antipathogenic drug target

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and can cause a wide range of persistent human infections, which are to a large extent due to its ability to form biofilms. We have previously provided evidence that extracellular DNA is an important constituent of the extracellular matrix in P. aeruginosa biofilms, and is released via a process that requires the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) system. In the present study, we have constructed a P. aeruginosa transposon insertion mutant library and performed a screen for mutants defective in DNA-release. tatA and tatB mutants, defective in the twin-arginine translocation pathway, were among the mutants that displayed a reduced level of DNA release. Characterization of P. aeruginosa tatA showed that the defect in the tatA gene attenuated PQS secretion, but did not affect the level of PQS synthesis. In addition to PQS-mediated DNA-release, the P. aeruginosa tatA mutant was also deficient in virulence factor production and biofilm development.
University of Birmingham Other people’s money:

Many important decisions are taken not by the person who will ultimately gain or lose from the outcome, but on their behalf, by somebody else. We examined economic decision-making about risk and time in situations in which deciders chose for others who also chose for them. We propose that this unique setting, which has not been studied before, elicits perception of reciprocity that prompts a unique bias in prefer- ences. We found that decision-makers are less patient (more discounting), and more risk averse for losses than gains, with other peoples’ money, especially when their choices for others are more uncertain. Those results were derived by exploiting a computational modeling framework that has been shown to account for the underlying psychological and neural decision processes. We propose a novel theoretical mecha-nism—precautionary preferences under social uncertainty, which explains the ﬁndings. Implications for future research and alternative models are also discussed.
A review of radar and satellite beacon observations of atmospheric gravity waves at Syowa Station

We review the observations of atmospheric gravity waves in the upper mesosphere and the thermosphere that have been carried out at Syowa Station, Antarctica, by means of a meteor radar and satellite beacon wave reception. Occur­ rence probability and altitude distribution of meteor echoes and mean wind profiles in the upper mesosphere are presented to show that our results are nearly consistent with those in the opposite hemisphere. Gravity waves detected with the meteor radar are well manifested in the sodium abundance (column density) and density perturbations simultaneously measured with a sodium lidar. An evidence is presented that during an auroral substorm, strong winds appeared in accord with a gradual decrease in the sodium abundance. About 400 medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) in the F region were detected with NNSS satellite beacon waves. Statisti­ cal analysis indicates that MSTIDs appear quite often during geomagnetically quiet and moderately disturbed conditions and that most of them propagate from south toward the equator. These findings together with the diurnal and seasonal variations of the MSTID occurrences are fairly consistent with previous mid-latitude results. In the future, we need continuous long-term observations at Syowa Station to understand the gravity wave characteristics and the effects of gravity waves upon the global circulation, energy budget in the atmosphere, and thermosphere-middle atmosphere coupling.
Hierarchical Novelty-Familiarity Representation in the Visual System by Modular Predictive Coding

Predictive coding has been previously introduced as a hierarchical coding framework for the visual system. At each level, activity predicted by the higher level is dynamically subtracted from the input, while the difference in activity continuously propagates further. Here we introduce modular predictive coding as a feedforward hierarchy of prediction modules without back-projections from higher to lower levels. Within each level, recurrent dynamics optimally segregates the input into novelty and familiarity components. Although the anatomical feedforward connectivity passes through the novelty-representing neurons, it is nevertheless the familiarity information which is propagated to higher levels. This modularity results in a twofold advantage compared to the original predictive coding scheme: the familiarity-novelty representation forms quickly, and at each level the full representational power is exploited for an optimized readout. As we show, natural images are successfully compressed and can be reconstructed by the familiarity neurons at each level. Missing information on different spatial scales is identified by novelty neurons and complements the familiarity representation. Furthermore, by virtue of the recurrent connectivity within each level, non-classical receptive field properties still emerge. Hence, modular predictive coding is a biologically realistic metaphor for the visual system that dynamically extracts novelty at various scales while propagating the familiarity information.
Soil Nutrient and Sediment Loss as Affected By Erosion Barriers and Nutrient Source in Semi-Arid Burkina Faso

In semi-arid Sahel, soil erosion by water is one major factor accounting for negative nutrient balances in agricultural systems. A field experiment was conducted on a Ferric Lixisol in Burkina Faso to assess the effects of soil and water conservation barriers (stone rows or grass strips of Andropogon gayanus), the sole use of organic (compost) or mineral (urea) source of nitrogen (N), and the combined use of barriers and compost or urea nitrogen on soil nutrient and sediment erosion. The run-off barriers were put along contours. Organic carbon (OC) and nutrients losses through run-off and sediments were monitored during 2001 and 2002. Carbon and nutrient concentrations of generated sediments were very high, of 14–29 g kg−1 OC, 1.0–3.7 g kg−1 N and 0.32–0.71 g kg−1 total P. concentration in run-off water reached 0.023 g L−1 in stone rows treatments compared to only 0.002 g L−1 with treatments without barriers. Annual losses of organic C, N, P, and K were high and greatly dependant on soil loss magnitude. Compared to the control plots, soil losses were reduced on average by 84% during the 2 years with stone rows treatments, while by 71% with grass strips treatments. Compost application reduced soil loss by 75% in plots without barriers and by 89% in plots with stone rows as compared to control plots. With urea application, soil loss was on average 13% lower than in plots with compost. Integrated water and nutrient management can effectively alleviate soil, carbon, and nutrients losses by water erosion, therefore may contribute to intensifying crop production in Sahelian smallholder farming.
Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26N

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its variability has received considerable attention, motivated by its major role in the global climate system. Observations of AMOC strength at 26? N made by Rapid-WATCH (Rapid climate change - Will the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation Halt) provide our best current estimate of the state of the AMOC. This study aims to improve understanding of ongoing measurements of AMOC variability made by Rapid-WATCH, and provide context for the 5-year timeseries presently available. The Rapid-WATCH system combines Gulf Stream transport, zonally integrated Ekman transport and mid-ocean transport observations at 26? N to assess AMOC strength. The Gulf Stream is found to possess a smooth annual cycle set by regional meridional wind stress, which is obscured on a year to year basis by internal ocean variability. Ekman transport possesses no dominant annual or semi-annual periodicity, and the seasonal cycle is obscured on a year to year basis by internal atmospheric variability largely related to fluctuations of the Azores high and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Sverdrup transport shows a dominant semi-annual periodicity which is strongly persistent from year to year but not seen in Rapid-WATCH measurements due to barotropic adjustment at these timescales. At interannual timescales, Sverdrup transport variability estimated from wind stress climatologies is found to exceed that of Gulf Stream variability, suggesting AMOC fluctuations of several Sverdrups have occurred over the past 30 years, partly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. At decadal timescales, six hydrographic sections spread over half a century show that high latitude deep water mass changes have consistently spread to 24? N, with the DWBC their principal conduit into the 24? N section. Decadal changes in deep water transport of several Sverdrups are balanced by dynamic height changes close to the western boundary whilst water mass changes are largely density compensated.
An Examination of Mixed Martial Arts Spectators ’ Motives and their Sports Media Consumption in Poland by Pawe

1 Department of Organization and History of Physical Culture, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland. 2 Warsaw School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Warsaw, Poland. Authors submitted their contribution to the article to the editorial board. Accepted for printing in the Journal of Human Kinetics vol. 46/2015 in June 2015. An Examination of Mixed Martial Arts Spectators’ Motives and their Sports Media Consumption in Poland
Analysis of the Early Immune Response to Infection by Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chickens Differing in Their Resistance to the Disease

ABSTRACT Chicken whole-genome gene expression arrays were used to analyze the host response to infection by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Spleen and bursal tissue were examined from control and infected birds at 2, 3, and 4 days postinfection from two lines that differ in their resistance to IBDV infection. The host response was evaluated over this period, and differences between susceptible and resistant chicken lines were examined. Antiviral genes, including IFNA, IFNG, MX1, IFITM1, IFITM3, and IFITM5, were upregulated in response to infection. Evaluation of this gene expression data allowed us to predict several genes as candidates for involvement in resistance to IBDV. IMPORTANCE Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is of economic importance to the poultry industry and thus is also important for food security. Vaccines are available, but field strains of the virus are of increasing virulence. There is thus an urgent need to explore new control solutions, one of which would be to breed birds with greater resistance to IBD. This goal is perhaps uniquely achievable with poultry, of all farm animal species, since the genetics of 85% of the 60 billion chickens produced worldwide each year is under the control of essentially two breeding companies. In a comprehensive study, we attempt here to identify global transcriptomic differences in the target organ of the virus between chicken lines that differ in resistance and to predict candidate resistance genes.
Mieux apprécier la production de viande bovine en France sur les plans quantitatif et qualitatif : les apports de la BDNI

La Base de Donnees Nationale d'Identification des bovins (BDNI) regroupe de nombreuses donnees exhaustives utiles a la filiere bovine francaise. Le travail presente dans cet article a permis de verifier la coherence entre ces donnees et celles d'autres sources statistiques servant habituellement de references pour mesurer la production de bovins finis, et de tenter de cerner l'explication des ecarts. Il a egalement confirme que les nouveaux elements apportes par la BDNI permettaient indeniablement de mieux apprehender la production bovine dans toute sa diversite. A travers divers exemples, l'article presente une partie des multiples analyses qui peuvent etre realisees: contribution des differentes races aux principales categories de bovins, distribution des effectifs selon l'âge et selon le poids, repartition geographique de l'engraissement selon les races et les categories.
Role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging in the Prediction of Prognosis in Patients With Indolent Lymphoma: Prospective Study

Background The role of fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in indolent lymphoma has been minimally studied. Objective This study aims to assess the value of FDG-PET/CT in predicting the prognosis of indolent lymphoma. Methods We prospectively recruited 42 patients with indolent lymphoma. A total of 2 patients were excluded, and 40 underwent baseline PET/CT and follow-up at various time points. A total of 9 patients were observed only, 7 received 4 doses of rituximab alone, and 24 received chemoimmunotherapy. Metabolic response on follow-up PET/CT was assessed using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and Deauville criteria (DC). We aimed to obtain the best SUVmax and DC to predict optimal survival rates, risk stratification, and optimize therapeutic strategies. The mean follow-up from the initial diagnosis was 33.83 months. Results SUVmax <4.35 at interim PET/CT provided the best discrimination, with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 100% and a median survival time of 106.67 months compared with SUVmax ≥4.35 (P=.04), which had a PFS of 43.8% and a median survival time of 50.17 months. This cutoff was also valuable in predicting overall survival at baseline, that is, 100% overall survival with baseline SUVmax <4.35, versus 58.4% for SUVmax ≥4.35 (P=.13). The overall survival of patients with a baseline DC score <3.0 was 100%, with a median overall survival of 106.67 months. Conclusions We demonstrated the utility of PET/CT in indolent lymphomas. SUVmax (<4.35 vs ≥4.35) on interim PET/CT performed best in predicting PFS.
Monsanto Comments (Update 11/1/2012) Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize

This study does not meet minimum acceptable standards for this type of scientific research, the findings are not supported by the data presented, and the conclusions are not relevant for the purpose of safety assessment. The study has been the subject of initial critical reviews by multiple regulatory agencies (links provided below). For example, the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) in Germany states that “the authors’ main statements are not sufficiently corroborated by experimental evidence, due to deficiencies in the study design and in the presentation and interpretation of the study results. ”
Modern Morphometrics In Physical Anthropology

A glossary for morphometrics. - Modern Morphometrics. - Theory and Methods. - After Landmarks. - Semilandmarks in Three Dimensions. - An Alternative Approach to Space Curve Analysis Using the Example of the Neanderthal Occipital Bun. - Correcting for the Effect of Orientation in Geometric Morphometric Studies of Side-View Images of Human Heads. - Fourier Descriptors, Procrustes Superimposition, and Data Dimensionality: An Example of Cranial Shape Analysis in Modern Human Populations. - Problems with Landmark-Based Morphometrics for Fractal Outlines: The Case of Frontal Sinus Ontogeny. - An Invariant Approach to the Study of Fluctuating Asymmetry: Developmental Instability in a Mouse Model for Down Syndrome. - Applications. - Comparison of Coordinate and Craniometric Data for Biological Distance Studies. - Assessing Craniofacial Secular Change in American Blacks and Whites Using Geometric Morphometry. - Secular Trends in Craniofacial Asymmetry Studied by Geometric Morphometry and Generalized Procrustes Methods. - The Morphological Integration of the Hominoid Skull: A Partial Least Squares and PC Analysis with Implications for European Middle Pleistocene Mandibular Variation. - A Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Late Pleistocene Human Metacarpal 1 Base Shape. - A Geometric Morphometric Assessment of the Relationship between Scapular Variation and Locomotion in African Apes. - Functional Shape Variation in the Cercopithecine Masticatory Complex. - A Geometric Morphometric Assessment of the Hominoid Supraorbital Region: Affinities of the Eurasian Miocene Hominoids Dryopithecus, Graecopithecus, and Sivapithecus.
Patients’ perceptions of conservative treatment for a small abdominal aortic aneurysm

Background: An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive, generally symptomless disease that could ultimately result in a fatal rupture. Current guidelines advise conservative follow-up, and preventive surgical repair once the risk of rupture outweighs the cost of repair (55 mm in men). In developed countries, the majority of patients are diagnosed with AAAs less than 55 mm, and so enter a period of conservative surveillance. An important question is how patients perceive and cope with risk of rupture, AAA diagnosis and treatment, and presented AAA information. The goal of this study was to gain insight into patients’ perceptions of conservative treatment for a small AAA to increase patient satisfaction. Methods: We conducted semistructured in-depth interviews and used questionnaires measuring health-related quality of life (RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0), illness-perceptions (Illness Perception Questionnaire – Revised), and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Interviews were audio recorded and transcript contents were analyzed based on grounded theory. Mean scores of the questionnaires were compared to (population) reference groups. Results: This study included ten male patients under surveillance for a small AAA from two hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients expressed no fear for AAA rupture, and also reported low levels of anxiety and depression in both the interviews and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The presence of an AAA did not affect their social life or emotional well-being. The reported poorer physical health on RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 presumably reflected common presence of comorbidities. Participants stated to that they were content with the frequency and setup of AAA surveillance. However, they generally lacked knowledge about AAA disease and/or treatment options. Conclusion: Conservative AAA follow-up ensures patients that the risks of AAA disease are limited. The vascular surgeon is the most important source of AAA information to patients, and patients fully rely on their vascular surgeon to take control in AAA treatment.