Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Situ Growth of 2D Perovskite Capping Layer for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

2D halide perovskites have recently been recognized as a promising avenue in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of encouraging stability and defect passivation effect. However, the efficiency (less than 15%) of ultrastable 2D Ruddlesden–Popper PSCs still lag far behind their traditional 3D perovskite counterparts. Here, a rationally designed 2D‐3D perovskite stacking‐layered architecture by in situ growing 2D PEA2PbI4 capping layers on top of 3D perovskite film, which drastically improves the stability of PSCs without compromising their high performance, is reported. Such a 2D perovskite capping layer induces larger Fermi‐level splitting in the 2D‐3D perovskite film under light illumination, resulting in an enhanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and thus a higher efficiency of 18.51% in the 2D‐3D PSCs. Time‐resolved photoluminescence decay measurements indicate the facilitated hole extraction in the 2D‐3D stacking‐layered perovskite films, which is ascribed to the optimized energy band alignment and reduced nonradiative recombination at the subgap states. Benefiting from the high moisture resistivity as well as suppressed ion migration of the 2D perovskite, the 2D‐3D PSCs show significantly improved long‐term stability, retaining nearly 90% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 1000 h exposure in the ambient conditions with a high relative humidity level of 60 ± 10%.
AGRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR CARROT UNDER GREEN MANURE IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT Green manuring is an important management strategy in tuberous vegetable production systems, since it improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and, consequently, increases in crop productivity and ecosystem balance. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of carrot cultivation as a function of Calotropis procera biomass amounts incorporated into the soil during two growing seasons in a semiarid environment. The experiments were conducted in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks, with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of four C. procera biomass amounts (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1) incorporated into the soil. In each experiment, one plot with carrot without fertilization (control) was planted, for the purpose of comparison. The characteristics evaluated in the carrot were productivities of total and commercial roots, classified productivity of roots and production economic indicators. The maximum productivity of carrot roots of 35.90 t ha-1 was possible with the incorporation of 47.60 t ha-1 of C. procera biomass into the soil. The maximum net income of R$ 33.744,07 ha-1 in the cultivation of this vegetable it was achieved with the addition of the C. procera biomass amount to the soil of 42.81 t ha-1. The return rates obtained for the carrot cultivation in these optimized quantities were 1.53 and 1.28, respectively, of those achieved in the control treatment (without fertilization).
The influence of the environment on a person's sexual orientation: intergenerational analysis in Russia

The psychological studies of the phenomenon of homosexuality is easier to find in European and American research. In this connection, the social-psychological specifics of representations towards homosexuality seems logical, as well as a valuable diversity of representations within society. Of particular interest is the study of this attitudes in the information society, where the media and social networks form bright, often polar points of view. In some previous papers it was shown that the Z Generation is described in terms of more tolerant position towards commonly segregated social groups. The purpose of this study was to reveal the representations about homosexuality among various generations of Russians. The methodological core of the research was the study of social representations (P. Vergesse method). The research methods implied the questionnaire aimed at figuring out representations about homosexuality and a modified variant of the RAHI test. Sample was N = 444 (residents of Russia, 16-65 y.o.). The hypotheses of the research were confirmed: an inverse relationship between belonging to a generational cohort and attitude towards homosexuality as normal was revealed. A significant difference between the Z Generation in tolerance of representations about homosexuality was shown. Some ‘double standards’ towards male and female homosexuality were distinguished. The basic notion of homosexuality as a interaction, based, on a sexual (not love-spiritual kind of relationship), was defined. Conclusions were drawn about the multidimensional influence of channels of mass communication on different generations.
A New Algorithm for Determining the Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature of In-Orbit Microwave Radiometers

The noise equivalent delta temperature (NEDT) determines the radiometric resolution of a radiometer. Determining NEDT is indispensable for assessing the in-orbit radiometer performance and quantifying uncertainty propagation from radiance to climate data records. Agencies of EUMETSAT, UK MetOffice, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have developed their own algorithms for calculating and monitoring NEDT of in-orbit microwave radiometers. These algorithms are an essential means for monitoring NEDT and hardware health. While remarkable accomplishments have been made, there appears to be room for improvement. The investigation is needed for the NEDT underestimate found at channels like G-band that has pronounced $1/f$ noise. Also, it is necessary to explain the inconsistency in calculated NEDTs of different algorithms. We have reviewed the theoretical basis for determining NEDT and developed an improved algorithm of clear physics and mathematics. We have developed methods for handling error sources that can result in either negative or positive biases with an overall underestimate of NEDT. We have done comparison and validation with the prelaunch thermal vacuum chamber (TVAC) test, in-orbit data, and simulation. The new algorithm significantly improves the estimate of NEDT, including the G-band and advances the understanding of algorithm structures and physical foundations. It can accurately monitor in-orbit NEDT and facilitate quantifying the associated uncertainty propagation through science products.
Dynamic Computation and Network Chaining in Integrated SDN/NFV Cloud Infrastructure

Computational resources are increasingly virtualized to enable computational tasks to be offloaded to remote facilities along the route between the source and destination. The principle that underlies traditional routing, i.e., that only networking resources need to be considered, may no longer be true in a virtualized environment. In this paper, we propose a framework for the efficient utilization of multi-resource infrastructures in which computational resources can be used via the network. Such a framework intrinsically calls for the joint consideration of networking and computational resources. In particular, we focus on unifying the controls in dynamic service chaining and multiple resource management, which are the key technologies in an integrated SDN/NFV architecture. We formulate a multi-path problem for choosing the resources to use in different services. The problem can be viewed as variational inequality using the Lagrange duality and saddle point theory. Based on this, we develop an extragradient-based algorithm that controls and splits the sending rate of each service. We prove that the algorithm converges to the optimal, minimizing the system cost while maximizing service utility. Simulations for diverse scenarios demonstrate that our algorithm achieves high QoS while reducing the system cost by jointly considering dual-resource coupling and service characteristics.
Lithium-Ion Battery Real-Time Diagnosis with Direct Current Impedance Spectroscopy

The health and safety of lithium-ion batteries are closely related to internal parameters. The rapid development of electric vehicles has boosted the demand for online battery diagnosis. As the most potential automotive battery diagnostic technology, AC impedance spectroscopy needs to face the problems of complex test environment and high system cost. Here, we propose a DC impedance spectroscopy (DCIS) method to achieve low-cost and high-precision diagnosis of automotive power batteries. According to the resistance–capacitance structure time constant, this method can detect the battery electrolyte resistance, the solid electrolyte interphase resistance and the charge transfer resistance by controlling the pulse time of the DC resistance measurement. Unlike AC impedance spectroscopy, DCIS does not rely on frequency domain impedance to obtain battery parameters. It is a time-domain impedance spectroscopy method that measures internal resistance through a time function. Through theoretical analysis and experimental data, the effectiveness of the DCIS method in battery diagnosis is verified. According to the characteristics of DCIS, we further propose a fast diagnostic method for power batteries. The working condition test results show that this method can be used to diagnose online battery life and safety.
Effect of somatic cell count on milk composition from individual udder quarters

The objective of this study was to determine effect of the somatic cell count (SCC) on milk composition from individual udder quarters. For that purpose 151 milk samples from individual udder quarters were collected and milk chemical and physical components were analyzed. The results showed that the individual milk sample protein content sig-nificantly (p 1, 000, 000 cells/mL). Casein content increased till SCC increased up to 1, 000, 000 cells/mL, while in high-SCC milk significantly (p<0.05) decreased (from 2.65% to 2.36%). Lactose content in high-SCC milk was significantly (p<0.001) lower (4.16 %) than in low-SCC milk (4.73%). A significant (p<0.05) difference was found in the non-fat content in in-dividual milk samples when SCC increased over 1, 000, 000 cells /mL. Value of pH showed decreased up to 1, 000, 000 cells/mL and then significantly (p<0.05) increased. Titratable acidity significantly (p<0.05) decreased in high-SCC in-dividual milk samples (6.03%).
Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Using Co-Solvent Technique

In this work, statistical modeling and optimization of biodiesel production from Azadirachta Indica(neem) using co-solvent technique via a two-step transesterification process was carried out. Neem oil was extracted from neem seeds and properties such as moisture content, specific gravity, acid value, saponification value and iodine value were determined. The experimental design used was Central Composite Design. The range of factor levels used for the Central Composite Design were reaction temperature (30°C to 46°C), catalyst amount (0.8% to 1.2%, w/w), reaction time (20 to 40min) and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (5:1 to 9:1). The co-solvents used were methanol and diethyl ether. The co-solvent-to-methanol volume ratio for all the experimental runs was kept constant at 1:1. Also the biodiesel produced was characterized for some important properties including acid value, specific gravity, saponification value, iodine value, cetane number, ester value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point and cloud point. Optimized biodiesel yield of 84.77% was obtained for reaction time of 35 min, catalyst amount of 1.10g, reaction temperature of 34°C, and oil-to-methanol molar ratio of 6:1. The cetane number (51.733), specific gravity (0.8881g/cm3), flash point (134oC) and kinematic viscosity (5.86mm2/s) of the produced biodiesel met the ASTM specifications. The results of characterization of the biodiesel revealed that biodiesel can be produced at lower reaction conditions and with comparable fuel property with biodiesel produced using conventional methods.
The Use of Magnesium Sulphate in the Management of Severe Preeclampsia and eclampsia in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Background: Several Studies on severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (Severe PE/E) in Nigeria reflects gross underuse of MgSO 4 . This study was conceptualized to determine MgSO 4 use and factors affecting it among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the management of severe PE/E in public health facilities in Bayelsa State. Methods: Using a self-administered, structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide/checklist, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 115 HCWs and 29 health facility managers respectively in 16 randomly selected health facilities in Bayelsa state. Availability of MgSO 4 , ease of use among HCWs were determined by scoring 6 questions testing MgSO 4 . HCWs were categorized as ‘not comfortable’, ‘slightly comfortable’ and ‘very comfortable’ with MgSO 4 use. Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression explored determinants of MgSO 4 use among respondents. The in-depth interviews were analyzed along thematic areas using NVivo 11.0 QSR software. Significance level was p<0.05. Results: HCWs who participated in the quantitative part of the study were nurses (40.0%), doctors (37.4%) and CHEW/CHO (22.6%). MgSO 4 availability was reported by 71.6% of respondents while slightly above half (56.8%) were very comfortable MgSO 4 use in managing severe PE/E. Checklist revealed availability in only 25.0% of facilities visited. Factors affecting its use included level of care (Secondary level: OR - 7.65; p - 0.002) and level of knowledge among HCWs (good knowledge: OR – 6.14; p-0.003). Unavailability guidelines use, inadequate drugs, financial constraints, lack of training were reasons identified from the in-depth interviews. Conclusion: The supply of MgSO 4 is poor and many HCWs are not comfortable with its use in in Bayelsa state. This would have a negative impact on the management of severe PE/E. It is imperative that routine training on the management of severe PE/E with particular focus on MgSO 4 use be instituted in the state in ensure quality care for women with severe PE/E.
A Review of COVID-19: Data Obtained from Chest CT Imaging and RT-PCR

Context: This review aimed to investigate the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Evidence Acquisition: Bilateral lung involvement (70%), peripheral distribution (67.5%), multifocal involvement (67.3%) and ground glass opacity (66.1%) were observed in most infected patients Results: Evaluation of the number of lobes involved in infected patients showed no abnormalities in 7.2% (85/1177) of the patients. Regarding the performance of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest CT scan, the sensitivity of RT-PCR and chest CT imaging was estimated at 70% (925/1311) and 89% (6605/7396) upon admission, respectively; nevertheless, the sensitivity of CT imaging increased as the time from the symptom onset increased. The CT image acquisition parameters affecting image quality and patient dose were also discussed. Studies suggested that these factors should be adjusted according to the disease stage. Based on our findings, sensitivity was adequately high eight days after the onset of symptoms. Conclusion: Therefore, there is no need for high-resolution chest CT scan after this interval. Using ImpactDose software, the mean effective doses were 4.38 and 5.71 mSv in male and female groups, respectively. The risk of cancer was 36% higher in females than males, as shown by PCXMC program.
Palm kernel shell-derived biochar and catalyst for biodiesel production

A promising catalyst based on a biomass pyrolysis by-product, biochar, has been developed to produce biodiesel. A carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared by sulfonating pyrolysis char with concentrated sulfuric acids. The catalysts were characterized using thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface area analyzer. Prepared catalysts were studied for their ability to catalyze transesterification of vegetable oils. The catalyst sulfonated with the concentrated sulfuric acid demonstrated considerable conversion in free fatty acid esterification. Further investigation of the catalyst was conducted to determine the effect of sulfonation time (1 and 3 hours) and surface area on the transesterification reactions. The surface area of the biochar was increased by chemical treatment using 10M potassium hydroxide through porosity development. Results showed the catalyst with the highest surface area and acid density to have the highest catalytic activity to produce biodiesel from canola oil in the presence of methanol as the reagent. The effects of alcohol to oil (A:O) molar ratio, reaction time and catalyst loading on the esterification reaction catalyzed by the sulfonated biochar were also investigated. Results revealed that more than 90% biodiesel yield was achieved at 15 wt% of catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio was 9:1 and the agitation rate was 700 rpm. As a conclusion, the prepared biochar-based catalyst has a tremendous potential to be used in a process converting a high Free Fatty Acids (FFA) feedstock to biodiesel.
Event-triggered control for a linear continuous-time system under resource constraint environment

A network-based event-triggered control is proposed for the continuous linear system. The primary feature of the proposed event-triggered control is to broadcast the current measurements when a pre-defined condition on input error is satisfied, which can avoid the redundant control updates from the controller to the actuator. Secondly, it provides an augmented system performance by appropriate selection of design parameters. Moreover, a dynamic threshold is introduced in the triggered condition to further improve the trade-off between resource utilization and system performance.
Activity and mechanism of acquired resistance to tarloxotinib in HER2 mutant lung cancer: an in vitro study

Background HER2 (ERBB2) activating mutations are present in 2–3% of lung adenocarcinomas; however, no targeted therapy is approved for HER2-altered lung cancers. A novel pan-HER inhibitor, tarloxotinib, is designed to release the active form (tarloxotinib-E) under hypoxic conditions in tumor tissues after being administered as a prodrug. Following the evaluation of the in vitro activity of tarloxotinib-E in HER2-mutant cells, we explored the mechanisms of resistance to tarloxotinib-E in these cells. Methods Growth inhibitory assays were performed with tarloxotinib-E and its prodrug using Ba/F3 cells expressing one of six HER2 mutations or wild-type (WT) HER2, in addition to H1781 cells with HER2 exon 20 insertions. Resistant clones were established from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-treated HER2-mutant Ba/F3 cells and H1781 cells by chronic exposure to tarloxotinib-E. Results Tarloxotinib-E showed potent activity against HER2-mutant Ba/F3 cells and H1781 cells. Furthermore, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tarloxotinib (inactive form) for WT HER2 was 180 times higher than that of tarloxotinib-E, indicating a wide therapeutic window of tarloxotinib. We established 30 resistant clones with secondary mutations of HER2 by ENU mutagenesis, all of which harbored C805S in exon 20. In the analysis of H1781 cells that acquired resistance to tarloxotinib-E, we found that increased HER3 expression was the molecular mechanism of tarloxotinib-E resistance. Conclusions Tarloxotinib-E exhibited potent activity against cell line models with HER2 mutations. We identified a secondary C805S HER2 mutation and HER3 overexpression as the mechanisms of acquired resistance to tarloxotinib-E.
Effects of irrigation with municipal treated wastewater on soil’s heavy metals accumulation and turf leaves under drip and sprinkler systems (Case study: Agadir, Southern Morocco)

Purpose Treated wastewaters are reused in agriculture to deal with the water deficit, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, they may contain contaminants such as heavy metals that can adversely affect the soil quality and life health. This work aimed to assess the degree of contamination of the soil and the turf leaves of a golf course irrigated in the long term (10 years) by treated wastewaters. Method Analysis of eight heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe and Zn) was carried out at two sites. The first was irrigated by sprinkling (site 1), the second by a drip system (site 2). Results The results showed a generalized contamination of the soil at the two sites. Fe and Mn recorded the highest levels. Cd and Cr contents were significantly higher in the soil of site 1. However, all the heavy metals recorded values below the limits set by the FAO / WHO standards for soil. Turf leaves also exhibited high values of Fe and Mn contents in the two sites. Mn content was significantly higher in in the turf leaves from site 1. The results showed an accumulation of all the metals in turf leaves in which the Fe and Cd contents exceeded the FAO / WHO standards. Conclusion Long-term irrigation results in an accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and in turf leaves. Particular attention should be paid to Cd and Fe for the use of treated wastewater in agriculture. Drip irrigation system would minimize crop contamination.
Hemoglobin and Ferritin Concentration in Cord Blood

Background: Neonatal anemia occurs when there is a decrease in the baby’s red blood cell count before delivery. Fetal anemia is relatively rare but serious condition an ImmuneRelated cause is the most common involving red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization followed by non-immune causes such as parvovirus B19 infection and other congenital infection. Other causes include genetic or metabolic syndromes and vascular tumors of the baby or placenta. Patients and methods: This crosssectional study is conducted on 200 Neonates, delivered by normal or cesarean section in Fayoum University Hospital& Fayoum General Hospital. Hemoglobin and Ferritin levels in cord blood are determined. Results: The mean ± SD of HB & Ferritin was: 12.61 ± 2.44% and 104.96 ± 98.17 respectively. About one eighth 24 / 200 (12.0 %) of studied neonates had ferritin deficiency (FD). Conclusion: In Our study, more than one third (39%) of study neonates had anemia. One eights 24/ 200 (12%) of neonates had Ferritin deficiency. 9.5% of study neonates had iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia in males was higher than in females (12% Vs 7.7 %) with no statistical significance p= 0.301. Finally we conclude that iron deficiency is important cause of anemia.