Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE NEMATODE Contracaecum pelagicum JOHNSTON & MAWSON, 1942 DURING THE WINTER MIGRATION OF THE MAGELLANIC PENGUIN Spheniscus magellanicus (FORSTER, 1781) IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, are frequently found along the coast of Brazil during the winter migration. However, there are very few ecological studies of the parasite fauna of these birds, especially of the adults, which are found dead on Brazilian beaches. Moreover, no studies of parasites of the Magellanic penguins found on the Brazilian coast have evaluated adult or larval nematodes during winter migration so far. Thus, this work is the first one to investigate the parasitism by anisakid nematodes comparatively between young and adult specimens of S. magellanicus in southern Brazil. Parasitological indexes were compared in relation to host gender, parasite development stage and gender, and sites of infection. The gastrointestinal tract of 36 specimens of Magellanic penguins found dead along the coast of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states, were analyzed. The nematode fauna was composed of a single species, the anisakid, Contracaecum pelagicum. In Rio Grande do Sul, the young specimens of S. magellanicus were more intensely and abundantly parasitized by C. pelagicum than the adult ones. The stomach and the intestine were the organs that showed highest mean density of infection by adult and larval nematodes, respectively, in the hosts collected in both locations. A high prevalence was observed in both areas, although no differences in the parasitism between male and female penguins were detected. The young Magellanic penguins found in Paraná were on average less parasitized than the ones found in Rio Grande do Sul. These results, together with data available in the literature, suggest a latitudinal variation in the parasitological indexes of C. pelagicum, which are related to changes in the diet of the Magellanic penguins during their winter migration in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.
The lower jaw of Eobrasilia coutoi Simpson, 1947, a unique didelphoid (not borhyaenoid) marsupial from the Paleocene of Brazil

Eobrasilia coutoi Simpson, 1947, from fissure fillings of Paleocene age in the Itaborai Formation at Sao Jose de Itaborai, Brazil, was long thought to represent a possible "missing link" between the marsupial superfamilies Borhyaenoidea and Didelphoidea. The recent discovery from these same deposits of the anterior half of a right mandibular ramus with partial dentition representing the previously unknown lower dentition of E. coutoi, demonstrates that it is clearly a specialized didelphoid. The relative size and structure of P (sub 1-3) are similar to those seen in other didelphoids in the same fauna (e.g., Didelphopsis and Gaylordia) in which there occurs a reduced P 1 , and a large P 2 and enormous bulbous P 3 specialized for crushing. Similar specializations of the premolars occur in members of the marsupial family Stagodontidae from beds of Late Cretaceous age in North America. An unworn isolated right M 3 (or less likely M 2 ) from Itaborai is tentatively referred to E. coutoi. --Modified journal abstract.
Induction of oxidative stress in Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River in Nigeria

This study evaluated some markers of oxidative stress in the organs of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River in Oyo State, Nigeria. Clarias gariepinus (250 g-400 g) were collected from Eleyele River (a suspected polluted River) and Clarias gariepinus from a clean fish farm (Durantee fisheries) were used as the control. Levels of Malondialdehyde (index of lipid peroxidation), Glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymesSuperoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione-STransferase (GST) were evaluated in the liver, kidney and gills of the fish. From the results, there were significant (p<0.001) increases in malondialdehyde and GSH levels in the liver, kidney and gills of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with control. The activity of GST increased significantly (p<0.05; p<0.001) in the liver and kidney of fish from Eleyele River compared with control. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05; p<0.001) in SOD activity in all the organs of Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River compared with conrol and also a significant (p<0.001) decrease in catalase activity in the gills and kidney of the fish but catalase activity increased in the liver. Increase in lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant status in Clarias gariepinus from Eleyele River show that the fish were under oxidative stress. These suggest that the River is polluted probably as a result of various wastes frequently discharged into the River. This could pose serious health risks to consumers of water and aquatic organisms from the River.
Effect of Rhizobium, PSB and P-levels on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.)

A field experiment was conducted in kharif 2011 on urdbean genotype T-9. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication and thirteen treatments. Some microorganisms have capable to convert the insoluble phosphorous to an accessible form and increase the growth and yield attributes viz, plant height, number of branches plant-1, nodulation, dry matter accumulation plant -1, number of pods plant -1, test weight (g), grain yield, straw yield and biological yield (qha1) of Urdbean. All these characters were recorded higher in treatment T13 by application of (75 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB + Rhizobium.) as compared to all other treatments. However, combination of rhizobium, PSB and P levels had proved significant influence on plant growth, yield and its attributing traits in Blackgram.
Carbon fluxes and species diversity in grazed and fenced typical steppe grassland of Inner Mongolia, China

Aim Grasslands are dominant vegetation of China, support outstanding biodiversity and sequester bulk amount of atmospheric CO2. These grasslands are highly degraded and fragmented due to remarkable anthropogenic and grazing loads. Chinese Government has made great attempt to restore by grazing exclusion. The relations of carbon fluxes with species composition and diversity in the communities sensitive to grazing by large herbivores are needed to be analysed under the global climate change scenario. The objective of present study was to comprehend the effects of grazing and fencing on the ecosystem structure and function of the typical steppe grassland. Methods To meet the objectives, overgrazed and fenced (since year 2001) systems were selected in typical steppe grassland at the Duolun Restoration Ecology Research Station, Inner Mogolia, China. Within each system, three dominant communities with three replicates were selected. In each replicate community, three 1 × 1 m plots, were randomly located. Each plot was divided into four 50 × 50 cm quadrats. A total of 216, 50 × 50 cm quadrats were sampled. From each quadrat, number of individuals and above-ground herbaceous biomass for each species, soil respiration (SR), ecosystem respiration (ER), net (NEE) as well as gross (GEE) ecosystem CO2 exchanges were recorded in June 2015. Data were well analysed using statistical software. Canonical correspondence analysis showed differential responses of communities to the structure and function of the typical steppe grassland. Important Findings Across the communities, fencing reduced the soil temperature by 12% and at the same time increased the soil moisture by 44.30%, thus, increased the species richness by 28%, evenness by 21%, above-ground biomass by 19% and plant carbon by 20%. Interestingly, fencing increased NEE by 128%, GEE by 77%, SR by 65% and ER by 39%. Under fencing, species composition partially governed the CO2 exchange processes. Conclusions Fencing reduces soil temperature and thereby improves species diversity and more efficient CO2 sequestration and long-term and in-depth study is desirable for a better understanding of the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem carbon uptake.
Morphological and molecular description of Baylisascaris venezuelensis, n. sp. from a natural infection in the South American spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier, 1825 in Venezuela.

En este estudio describimos por primera vez un caso de infeccion natural por Baylisascaris sp. en un oso andino de anteojos ( Tremarctos ornatus Cuvier , 1825) en V enezuela. En noviembre de 2010 un joven oso fue encontrado muerto por los Oficiales de la Guardia Nacional durante un patrullaje rutinario en el parque Nacional India Caru en Bailadores, (Merida, Andes V enezolanos). La necropsia revelo congestion y hemorragia de los pulmones y agrandamiento del volumen del intestino delgado. Se encontro una gran cantidad de nematodos blanquecinos de gran tamano llenando el lumen intestinal. Los nematodos fueron morfologicamente identificados como Baylisascaris sp. morfologicamente cercano a Baylisascaris transfuga (Rudolphi, 1819), difiriendo en el numero de papilas caudales. Baylisascaris transfuga ha sido registrado en diferentes especies de osos en diferentes paises. La caracterizacion molecular de nuestro especimen basado en el analisis del ITS1, ITS2 rDNA y la region del 5.8S lo posiciona dentro del genero Baylisascaris. Adicionalmente, se observaron importantes divergencias cuando se comparo con secuencias homologas de otros miembros del genero obtenidas del GenBank. De hecho, varios SNPs localizados dentro de la region altamente conservada 5.8S al compararlo con B. transfuga, B. schroederi (McIntosh, 1939) , B. procyonis (Stefanski & Zarnowski, 1951) y B. columnaris Leidy , 1856, asi como la genealogia basada en la secuencia completa del ITS rDNA (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2) sugiere fuertemente que este especimen constituye una nueva especie de Baylisascaris. Tomando en cuenta la evidencia morfologica y molecular, la especie hospedadora y su particular y restringida distribucion geografica en los andes suramericanos, sugerimos se considere a nuestro especimen una nueva especie con el nombre de Baylisascaris venezuelensis
Comparison of adsorptive with extractive stripping voltammetry in electrochemical determination of retinol

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) of retinol at solid glassy carbon electrode (GCE), carbon paste electrode (CPE) covered by thin layer of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CPE/MWCNTs) and carbon paste electrode covered by thin layer of single layer graphene (CPE/Graphene) was compared with an extractive stripping voltammetry (ExSV) into silicone oil (SO) as lipophilic binder of glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE). All types of selected working electrodes were characterized by a scanning electron microscopy to determine overall morphology of electrode surfaces together with spatial arrangement of used carbon particles. The retinol, also known as vitamin A1, was chosen as a model analyte because it is the most biologically active representative of retinoids which are classified as a significant group of lipophilic vitamins. Based on this comparison, it was observed that electrochemical method with high sensitivity (ExSV at GPCE) is generally characterized by shorter linear range of the calibration curve than in case of AdSV at CPE/MWCNTs or CPE/Graphene. Unlike AdSV at solid GCE, all other tested electrochemical methods could represent suitable analytical tools for monitoring of retinoids in different types of foodstuffs. Especially, content of retinol up to tenths milligrams can be easily determined using ExSV. Additionally, negative interference of chemical species present in real samples is minimal in comparison with direct voltammetric methods performed in supporting electrolytes based on organic solvents due to application of accumulation step in "ex-situ" mode.
On the interannual variability

In order to assess how the Bonin high affects interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) around the Korean Peninsula, the pulsation of the Bonin high and its association with teleconnection patterns was examined. The major factor for the interannual intensity of the EASM is the center position of the Bonin high rather than its center pressure. Up to 12 harmonics over time can be used to reconstruct the Bonin high, demonstrating its intraseasonal variation. The interannual variability of the Bonin high correlates with the Tibet high. This correlation is dominant for the EASM onset time, though not its retreat. The primary teleconnection pattern, reliant up on the interannual variability of the Bonin high, is the Western Pacific oscillation (WPO) in April. In relation to long-term variability, the correlation between the WPO and the Bonin high appears to contribute to the retreat stage of the EASM, which has itself increased since the mid-1970s. Furthermore, the WPO in May and the Tibet correlation has marked the onset rather than the retreat of the EASM since the 1970s. This highly correlated pattern since the mid-1970s may be the result of El Niño.
Minaselates, a new genus and new species of Epiphragmophoridae from Brazil (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea)

We describe a new genus and a new species in the family Epiphragmophoridae, Minaselates paradoxa sp. n. The new species was found at the National Park Cavernas do Peruaçu, in northern portion of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Minaselates paradoxa sp. n. is classified in Epiphragmophoridae based on the fact that it shares the following diagnostic features of the family: a dart apparatus with a single dart sac, and two unequal mucous glands at the terminal genitalia. Minaselates gen. n. differs from Epiphragmophora Doering, 1874 by having a granulose protoconch, shell spire with blunt apex, complex microsculpture on the teleoconch and closed umbilicus fused with the shell wall. Also, significant differences between the two genera are the presence of a long and thin kidney that extends more than half the length of the pulmonary cavity, the presence of a flagellar caecum, and a smooth jaw in Minaselates gen. n. The finding of this new species and genus is particularly significant to refine the definition of the family, since Epiphragmophoridae has been traditionally diagnosed using the same characters of Epiphragmophora. Dinotropis Pilsbry & Cockerell, 1937, the other valid genus in the family, is monospecific and is only known by the morphology of the shell. In many ways it is similar to Epiphragmophora. A cladistics analysis was made in the present study which supports Minaselates gen. n. as a different entity and as sister group of the Epiphragmophora within Epiphragmophoridae.
Role of MC1R Gene on Body Coat Colour

Mammalian pigmentation is guided by the melanocortin-1 receptor which depends on relative amount of pheomelanin and eumelanin. In the melanogenesis pathway the melanocortin-1-receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor, MC1R) is responsible for the primary switch of pheomelanin for developing red to yellow pigment to eumelanin for black to brown pigment. In mammals, the difference in base colour are attributed due to mutations in the MC1R gene, also known as extension locus, historically codes for three alleles black (E D ), red (e) and wild-type (E + ) showed that there is existence of another allele E 1 . The extension alleles were assumed to be dominance in a descending order as E D > E + > e> E 1 . The wild-type allele (E + ) having a 954 bp long coding sequence and encodes 317 Amino-acid in the full length MC1R gene. In the MC1R gene 150 bp upstream the ATG codon codes to the minimal gene promoter for the melanocyte-specific gene transcription. The MC1R protein, the amino acid similarity varied between 74.0% (mouse vs. dog) and 83.6% (cattle vs. dog). For MC1R, a comparison of nucleotide sequences similarity ranges between 75.1% (mouse vs. cattle) and 85.3% (pig vs. cattle). MC1R variants that stratifying the hair color and body coat type to identify the specific contribution of each variant in melanoma development due to pigmentary and non pigmentary pathways. A possible role in melanoma development through non pigmentary pathways was demonstrated for p.I155T and p.R163H variants. The polymorphisms of the MC1R gene in some cattle breeds add new genetic information on the population structure at this locus for several other breeds. This information is useful to implement a breed traceability strategy for some livestock animal.
Isolation and Evaluation of Aluminium Tolerant Isolates of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi for Reclamation of Contaminated Soils

In the thesis, different ectomycorrhizal fungi were screened for their growth, phosphatase activity, mineral nutrition uptake and metal accumulation in their mycelia were studied at different concentrations of aluminium in pure culture. The ectomycorrhizal fungi were also grown with their respective host plants in vitro and their effect on host growth parameters and their mycrrhization ability was studied isolate was then inoculated in the bauxite mined out soil and the nursery plantlets werer transferred to check the survival of plants in the above mentioned soil.
Implementation of land use in an energy system model to study the long-term impacts of bioenergy in Brazil and its sensitivity to the choice of agricultural greenhouse gas emission factors

O Brasil e apontado como uma importante fonte global de energia de baixo carbono, principalmente atraves de bioenergia com captura e armazenamento de carbono (BECCS). Contudo, existem potenciais trade-offs significativos entre a mitigacao de gases de efeito estufa e outros objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentavel, incluindo aumento no desmatamento e perdas na biodiversidade ou qualidade da agua. Ademais, maiores emissoes de gases nao-CO2, especialmente metano e oxido nitroso, podem reduzir o potencial da bioenergia de mitigar emissoes, ja que estes gases sao em grande parte associados a agricultura e ao uso do solo. A bioenergia representa o elo entre a agricultura e o uso do solo por um lado, e os sistemas energeticos por outro. Ate hoje, poucos estudos avaliaram de maneira integrada as interligacoes entre estes setores no Brasil, bem como os impactos no potencial da bioenergia oriundo das emissoes de gases nao-CO2 gerados na sua producao. Esta tese apresenta um arcabouco de modelagem para explorar essas interligacoes, conectando diretamente a agricultura, o uso do solo e os sistemas energeticos em uma unica plataforma de modelagem. Ela entao explora cenarios de contribuicao brasileira para esforcoes globais de mitigacao climatica, ressaltando impactos intersetoriais. Avalia tambem de modo inovador como escolha de fatores de emissao de N2O afetam as solucoes do modelo.
Cryptic species and colonization processes in Ophryotrocha (Annelida, Dorvilleidae) inhabiting vertebrate remains in the shallow‐water Mediterranean

Over the past several years, there has been growing interest in how bones of decaying mammals are colonized in the marine seabed. One of the most common opportunistic taxa occurring worldwide on bones is dorvilleid polychaetes of the genus Ophryotrocha. In a recent study in the Mediterranean, Ophryotrocha puerilis and Ophryotrocha alborana were two of the most abundant species occurring in experimentally deployed bones. These species have direct development and this makes them a suitable model to study the mechanisms and processes allowing organisms lacking a dispersive larval phase to colonize new substrates. Here, we address the colonization processes at the molecular level for populations of O. puerilis and O. alborana on experimentally deployed mammal bones in the shallow‐water Mediterranean collected over a year at 3‐month intervals. High genetic distances between some of the O. puerilis organisms collected indicated the occurrence of at least two cryptic sibling species (O. puerilis ‘Shallow’ and O. puerilis ‘Deep’) apart from O. puerilis sensu stricto. This was corroborated with phylogenetic analyses using an alignment of three concatenated genes (COI, 16S, H3) and with species delimitation analyses using COI. The haplotype network inferred from COI sequences for O. puerilis ‘Shallow’ showed a few common haplotypes shared between the two trimesters analysed and several other less represented haplotypes only present in one trimester. Thus, colonization of these experimental bones may have been achieved by a few organisms that arrived to the bones and were able to reseed, and by several individuals arriving to the experimental bones and not persisting across time. In contrast, the haplotype network for O. alborana revealed that none of the haplotypes present in three different trimesters were shared, suggesting that the populations arriving at the bones during each trimester were totally replaced by new individuals during the subsequent trimesters. Our study suggests that different species of shallow‐water Ophryotrocha occurring in the Mediterranean may have different patterns of substrate colonization despite sharing similar life histories.
Digestibility and Energetic Utilization of Lipids by Pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the form of dietary fat (liquid or intact) and of dietary NDF on ileal and total tract endogenous losses of fat (ELF), on apparent ileal (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fat, and on true ileal (TID) and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat by growing pigs. A semi-purified basal diet that contained 1.27% fat was formulated and 3 diets were formulated by adding 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0% liquid fat from corn oil to the basal diet. Three additional diets were formulated by adding 3.1, 6.2, or 9.3% Solka floc to the diet containing 4% corn oil. The remaining 4 diets were prepared by adding 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, or 9.0% intact fat from whole corn germ meal to a diet based on defatted corn germ meal. Eleven barrows (initial average BW: 38.1 ± 4.15 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to an 11 × 11 Latin square design. The AID and ATTD of fat in all diets were measured. The ELF, TID and TTTD of fat were estimated using the regression method. The AID and ATTD of fat were also corrected for TID and TTTD of fat in all diets by ELF derived from each form of fat. Results showed that increasing dietary liquid fat increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) the AID and ATTD of fat. Increasing dietary intact fat increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) the AID and ATTD of fat. There was no interaction between the
A Serravallian (Middle Miocene) shark fauna from Southeastern Spain and its palaeoenvironment significance

Abstract The study of a new Serravallian (Middle Miocene) locality from the Southeastern Spain has yielded a shark assemblage characterized by microremains of at least seven taxa (Deania calcea, †Isistius triangulus, †Squaliolus cf. S. schaubi, †Paraetmopterus sp., Pristiophorus sp., Scyliorhinus sp. and a cf. Squaliformes indet) of three different orders (Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes and Carcharhiniformes). In addition, associated macroremains have also been found, including teeth of †Cosmopolitodus hastalis, Isurus sp. , Hemipristis serra, Odontaspis sp. , Carcharhinus spp. and †Otodus (Megaselachus) megalodon. The assemblage contains taxa with disparate environmental preferences including not only neritic and epipelagic sharks but also an important number of meso and bathypelagic representatives. The migration of deep water taxa to shallower waters through submarine canyons/coastal upwelling is proposed as the most plausible cause for explaining the origin of such assemblage. Interestingly, the composition of the deep-water taxa here reported contrast with the chondrichthyans assemblages from the Pliocene and extant Mediterranean communities. This entails a complex biogeographic history, where the Messinian salinity crisis strongly affected the posterior evolution of the Mediterranean ecosystems but some other factors, such us the existence of anoxic events during the Quaternary, could have also played an important role.