Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
East Asian monsoon forcing of suborbital variability in the Sulu Sea during Marine Isotope Stage 3: Link to Northern Hemisphere climate

We have generated a new high‐resolution record of variations in planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and Mg/Ca from a sediment core (IMAGES 97‐2141) in the Sulu Sea located in the Philippine archipelago of western tropical Pacific. This record reveals distinct, suborbital‐scale δ18O changes, most notably during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) (∼30,000 to 60,000 years B.P.). The amplitudes of these δ18O fluctuations (0.4 to 0.7‰) exceed that which can be attributed to sea level changes and must be due to changes in sea surface conditions. In the same interval, variations in planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca suggest that suborbital surface ocean temperature variations of 1 to 1.5°C in the Sulu Sea were not in phase with δ18O. Combined, this evidence indicates that the MIS3 millennial δ18O events in the Sulu Sea were primarily the result of changes in surface water salinity, which today is directly related to the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and its influence on the balance between surface water contributions from the South China Sea and Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). Within dating uncertainties the MIS3 Sulu Sea δ18O suborbital variability indicates that times of fresher surface conditions in the Sulu Sea coincide with similar conditions in the WPWP [ Stott et al., 2002 ] and also with intensifications of the summer EAM as recorded in the U‐Th dated Chinese (Hulu Cave) speleothem δ18O record [ Wang et al., 2001 ] and thus by inference with interstadials in the Greenland Ice core records. Combined, these results indicate that pronounced suborbital variability in the summer EAM and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during MIS3 was tightly coupled with climate conditions in the northern high latitudes.
Incident Atrial Fibrillation Hazard in Hypertensive Population A Risk Function From and For Clinical Practice

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, and increased incidence and prevalence are projected. AF diminishes quality of life and increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia, and general mortality. Considering this epidemiological impact, additional means of preventing AF are urgently needed. Upstream therapies in primary prevention seem to be protective within high-risk populations, particularly post surgery and in individuals with coronary artery disease. In other populations, the risk level could have other implications, such as affecting treatment recommendations in hypertensive patients without ischemic vascular disease. However, risk stratification within this population is lacking, even though hypertension—affecting 40% of the general population—is the most prevalent risk factor for new-onset AF, accounts for the most cases, and is potentially modifiable. We aimed to derive and validate a prediction model to detect risk of incident AF among individuals aged ≥55 years with hypertension and free of ischemic vascular disease, based on variables commonly used in primary care practice.
Antenatal glucocorticoids counteract LPS changes in TGF- (cid:1) pathway and caveolin-1 in ovine fetal lung

Antenatal glucocorticoids counteract LPS changes in TGF- (cid:1) pathway and caveolin-1 in ovine fetal lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Physiol and antenatal glucocorticoids, the latter given to mothers at risk for preterm birth, affect lung development and may contribute to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The effects of the combined exposures on inﬂammation and antenatal glucocorticoids on transforming growth factor (TGF)- (cid:1) signaling are unknown. TGF- (cid:1) and its downstream mediators are implicated in the etiology of BPD. Therefore, we asked whether glucocorticoids altered intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects on TGF- (cid:1) expression, its signaling molecule phosphorylated sma and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (pSmad2), and the downstream mediators connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Ovine singleton fetuses were randomized to receive either an intra-amniotic injection of LPS and/or maternal betamethasone (BTM) intramuscularly 7 and/or 14 days before delivery at 120 days gestational age (GA; term (cid:2) 150 days GA). Saline was used for controls. Protein levels of TGF- (cid:1) 1 and - (cid:1) 2 were measured by ELISA. Smad2 phosphorylation was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. CTGF and Cav-1 mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Free TGF- (cid:1) 1 and - (cid:1) 2 and total TGF- (cid:1) 1 levels were unchanged after LPS and/or BTM exposure, although total TGF- (cid:1) 2 increased in animals exposed to BTM 7 days before LPS. pSmad2 immunostaining increased 7 days after LPS exposure although pSmad2 protein expression did not increase. Similarly, CTGF mRNA and protein levels increased 7 days after LPS exposure as Cav-1 mRNA and protein levels decreased. BTM exposure before LPS prevented CTGF induction and Cav-1 downregulation. This study demonstrated that the intrauterine inﬂammation-induced TGF- (cid:1) signaling can be inhibited by antenatal glucocorticoids in fetal lungs.
Caracterización y origen de las dolomías del sector sudeste de Picos de Europa (Norte de España)

In this work we focus on the dolomitization processes which affected the southeastern sector of Picos de Europa Unit. The dolostones formed consequently with this process are rocks with a varied and irregular geometry, wich reminds that observed in intrusive rocks. Their chemical composition show a slight excess of calcium in relation to stoichiometric dolomite. Their iron and strontium contents are low in relation to other comparable dolomites. The abundance of dolostones is much bigger at the Frontal Unit than in upper structural Units. The dolomitization processes respond to an epigenetic dolomitization model and they are previous to the formation of Pb-Zn orebodies. We suggest a per ascensum dolomitization model tiggered by formation waters of the Pisuerga-Carrion Unit. With regard to age, the dolomitization was later than Lower Estephanian B and possibly earlier than some undetermined time during the Permian.
Water potential in nonrigid unsaturated soil‐water medium

This paper presents a development of water potential functions for a dual porosity nonrigid aggregated soil medium defined and characterized by its characteristic shrinkage curve. Fractal and thermodynamic approaches to modeling soil water potential are evaluated using simultaneous and continuously measured soil shrinkage and tensiometric curves on a standard laboratory soil sample. Water potential relationships are developed and analyzed for five Ivory Cost soils with clay content ranging from 10 to 50%. Analysis of modeled and observed results showed that the tensiometric curve, for its entire range of measurement, is directly linked to the interped water pool. The tensiometric curve, which is a function of the interped water pool, was modeled using both the fractal and the thermodynamical equations. Fits to the measured tensiometric curves were very well. This study demonstrates the link between the tensiometric curve with some of the pedostructure (soil‐water medium) variables and parameters determined by the shrinkage curve, which leads to physically based equations of soil water potential. An interpretation of the origin of the swelling pressure inside and outside the primary peds and of the resulting suction pressure in unsaturated aggregated soils is proposed and discussed. This interpretation explains the link between the generalized Low's [1979] equation for the thermodynamic properties of the hydration layers of water surrounding particles in primary peds and the equations given by Berezin et al. [1983] for the swelling and the suction pressures in unsaturated aggregates.
A revision of the stratigraphic succession of the East Mainland of Shetland.

Synopsis The succession of metamorphic rocks in the eastern part of the Mainland of Shetland is briefly described. Four main divisions are recognised. These rocks are compared in terms of lithology and sedimentary structures with the Moine and Dalradian rocks of Scotland. The westernmost division of the Shetland succession is correlated with the Moine while the other three divisions are considered to be Dalradian.
A Survey of Surgical Patient’s Perception about Anesthesiologist in a Large Scale Comprehensive Hospital in China

Objectives This study aim to evaluate patient’s perception about anesthesiologists’ job roles and investigate their expectations for anesthesia care. Methods We designed a self-administered questionnaire for this cross-sectional survey study and delivered questionnaire forms to adult in-patients who were scheduled for elective surgery before pre-operative anesthetic visit the day before surgery. We collected information of respondents’ demographic data, education background, health literacy and previous experience of anesthesia, perception of anesthesiologist’s job, the expectation on anesthesia care. Descriptive analyses, χ 2 test and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results Of 550 participants, 521 （ 94.7% ） completed the questionnaire. In these respondents, 335 (64.3%) considered anesthesiology as an independent medical discipline, 225 (43.2%) believed that anesthesiology department was an independent clinical department, and 243 (46.6%) recognized anesthesiologists as qualified doctors. Only 21.5% of them knew that anesthesiologists also work in the intensive care unit and 26.9% of them knew that anesthesiologists also work in pain clinic as well. Younger patients ( β = -0.044 , P <0.001) , those with higher education ( β = 1.200 , P <0.001), or with better health literacy ( β = 0.781 , P =0.005) had significant
Beating tissue factor at its own game: Design and properties of a soluble tissue factor–independent coagulation factor

Anders B. Sorensen, X Inga Tuneew, L. Anders Svensson, X Egon Persson, Henrik Østergaard, X Michael Toft Overgaard, Ole H. Olsen, and Prafull S. Gandhi From Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760Måløv, the Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing—Volume 1: Soil Classification and Compaction Tests, 3rd edition

Natural stone is considered to be a versatile, durable and aesthetically pleasing building material. From the beginning of civilization, important structures and monuments have been built from, or based on, natural stone. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the use of local stone resources was mostly in balance with the local environment. Strict environmental legislation has resulted in the closing of many long-standing quarries in industrialized countries, which has led to a shortage of traditional stone varieties. This has caused problems for restoration practice. Cheap, imported stone from less industrialized countries has become more widely available in recent years. Some of the issues related to built stone conservation and restoration covered by this volume are: the establishment of inventories of possible replacement stones; understanding the decay mechanism and use of preventive conservation methods for slowing down decay processes; evaluation of the properties of natural stone; and assessing the risks of using replacement stones of different qualities.
HIRNANTIAN (LATEST ORDOVICIAN) GRAPTOLITES FROM THE UPPER YANGTZE REGION, CHINA

Abstract: The Upper Yangtze region yields a Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) graptolite fauna that includes 41 species assigned to 13 genera. This fauna is particularly important for understanding the Late Ordovician mass extinction event because it is the most diverse known from this interval. In addition, it records the survival, well into the Hirnantian, of many taxa of the Dicranograptidae‐Diplograptidae‐Orthograptidae (DDO) fauna, which was previously regarded as having gone extinct at the beginning of the Hirnantian. Taxa exhibiting six different astogenetic patterns, including taxa with reclined stipes, scandent, biserial, full‐periderm and ‘archiretiolitid’ rhabdosome forms occur in the lower Normalograptus extraordinarius‐N. ojsuensis Biozone. In contrast, in the upper N. persculptus Biozone only four genera remain, all but one of which are Normalograptidae: scandent and biserial taxa with Pattern H astogeny. Normalograptids are the dominant form of the succeeding, lower Rhuddanian, faunas. The Yangtze faunas also document the early expansion of normalograptids coeval with the decline of the DDO fauna. Many previously identified species considered endemic to China have been synonymized; 24 of the 41 species recorded here have been recognized elsewhere. No new taxa are described.
The role of winter intermediate waters in the spring‐summer circulation of the Balearic Sea: 1. Hydrography and inverse box modeling

Hydrographic transects performed across the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean) in June 1993 are used to estimate the absolute geostrophic flow by means of a linear inverse model, ensuring conservation of water properties (mass, salt, and heat) in closed boxes. The computed fluxes are supporting the concept that most of the northern waters that flow into the basin over the Spanish peninsula slope (≈1.1 Sv) recirculate back to the north in a cyclonic pattern while southern waters that enter through the Ibiza Channel, mainly modified Atlantic waters (≈0.5 Sv), transit to the north over the Balearic slope. Results point out that winter intermediate waters (WIW), distributed in several coherent mesoscale structures, play an active role in these dynamics. A major anticyclonic WIW eddy (“weddy”) lying in the southern basin obstructs the water exchange through the Ibiza Channel and deflects the Continental Current back to the north. A similar though smaller weddy, strained by the Balearic Current into an elongated along-slope WIW filament, controls the circulation through the Mallorca Channel. All these results are discussed in the light of data collected during past years.
Crustal structure of the southern Rocky Mountains from seismic measurements

A seismic investigation of crustal structure of the southern Rocky Mountains in 1964 and 1965 resulted in traveltime curves that have been interpreted to indicate an average crustal thickness of 48 km in the San Juan Mountains, the Sawatch Range, and the Park Range; 52 km in the Front Range; and 37 km in the Laramie Range. The upper crust west of the Front Range includes a low-velocity zone, and the velocity in the lower crust there increases gradually to 7.1–7.3 km/sec just above the Moho. The crust in the Front Range is distinctly separated into upper and lower units. The upper-mantle velocity in the Southern Rocky Mountains is about 7.9 km/sec. The average density and velocity of the crust are lower in the San Juan Mountains, the Sawatch Range, and the Park Range than those in the Front Range. The crust in the Colorado Plateau is thinner than that in the Southern Rocky Mountains, but the crust in the Great Plains is as thick or nearly as thick as that in the Front Range.
PSEUDOTUMOURS ASSOCIATED WITH METAL-ON-METAL HIP RESURFACINGS

Introduction: We report on a group of 20 metal-onmetal resurfaced hips (17 patients) presenting with a soft tissue mass associated with various symptoms; these masses we termed pseudotumours. Methods: All patients underwent plane radiography; CT, MRI and ultrasound investigations were also performed for some patients. Where samples were available histology was performed. Metal ion levels were measured in six patients and one patient had the metal ion levels in the joint fluid measured. Results: All patients in this series were female. Presentation was variable; the most common symptom was pain or discomfort in the hip region. Other symptoms included spontaneous dislocation, nerve palsy, a noticeable mass or a rash. In all cases a soft tissue mass was present in the region of the hip, this was either solid or cystic. The common histological features were extensive necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration. The blood cobalt and chromium levels varied considerably between the six patients that had these measurements. The median blood chromium level was 3.8 μg/L (range 0.8 to 23 μg/L) and that for cobalt was 11.5 μg/L (range 2.1 to 15 μg/L). The synovial fluid sample taken from a single joint contained much higher metal levels, 701 μg/L for chromium and 329 μg/L for cobalt. Twelve of the 20 cases have so far required revision to a conventional hip replacement. Discussion: This complication is best imaged with ultrasound, and is not detected by normal xray. We estimate that about 1% of patients develop a pseudotumour in the first five postoperative years. The cause of these pseudotumours is unknown and is probably multifactorial, further work is required to define this; they may be manifestations of a metal sensitivity response. We are concerned that with time the incidence of these pseudo-tumours will increase.
Evolutionary mix-and-match with MFS transporters II.

The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) is a diverse group of secondary transporters with over 10,000 members, found in all kingdoms of life, including Homo sapiens. One objective of deter-mining crystallographic models of the bacterial representatives is identification and physical localization of residues important for catalysis in transporters with medical relevance. The recently solved crystallographic models of the D -xylose permease XylE from Escherichia coli and GlcP from Staphylococcus epidermidus , homo-logs of the human D -glucose transporters, the GLUTs (SLC2), pro- vide information about the structure of these transporters. The goal of this work is to examine general concepts derived from the bacterial XylE, GlcP, and other MFS transporters for their relevance to the GLUTs by comparing conservation of functionally critical residues. An energy landscape for symport and uniport is presented. Furthermore, the substrate selectivity of XylE is com- pared with GLUT1 and GLUT5, as well as a XylE mutant that transports D -glucose.
Comparative streamflow characteristics in urbanizing basins in the Portland Metropolitan Area, Oregon, USA

This study investigates changes in streamflow characteristics for urbanizing watersheds in the Portland Metropolitan Area of Oregon for the period from 1951 to 2000. The objective of this study was to assess how mean annual runoff ratio, mean seasonal runoff ratio, annual peak runoff ratio, changes in streamflow in response to storm amount, the fraction of time that the daily mean flow exceeds the annual mean flow, 3‐day recession constants, and dry/wet flow ratio vary among watersheds with different degrees of urban development. There were no statistically significant changes in annual runoff ratio and annual peak runoff ratio for the mixed land‐use watershed (Tualatin River watershed) and the urban watershed (Johnson Creek watershed) during the entire study period. The Tualatin River watershed, where most of the urban development occurred in a lower part of the watershed, showed a statistically significant increase in annual peak runoff ratio during the 1976 and 2000 period. The Upper Tualatin River watershed illustrated a significant decrease in annual peak runoff ratio for the entire study period. With significant differences in seasonal runoff ratio, only Johnson Creek exhibited a significant increase in both wet and dry season runoff ratios. Streamflow during storm events declined rapidly in the urban watershed, with a high 3‐day recession constant. At an event storm scale, streamflow in Fanno Creek, which is the most urbanized watershed, responded quickly to precipitation input. The fraction of time that the daily mean flow exceeded the annual mean flow and dry/wet flow ratio are all lower in Johnson Creek. This suggests a shorter duration of storm runoff and lower baseflow in the urbanized watershed when compared to the mixed land use watershed. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of spatial and temporal scale, climate variability, and basin physiographic characteristics in detecting the hydrologic effects of urbanization in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic Pharmacy Implementation and Outcomes in Saudi Arabia: A 21-Month Usability Study

Background: We describe the introduction, use, and evaluation of an automation and integration pharmacy development program in a private facility in Saudi Arabia. The project was specifically undertaken to increase throughput, reduce medication dispensing error rates, improve patient satisfaction, and free up pharmacists’ time to allow for increased face-to-face consultations with patients. Objective: We forecasted growth of our outpatient service at 25% per annum over 5and 10-year horizons and set out to prepare our outpatient pharmacy service to meet this demand. Initial project goals were set as a 50% reduction in the average patient wait time, a 15% increase in patient satisfaction regarding pharmacy wait time and pharmacy services, a 25% increase in pharmacist productivity, and zero dispensing errors. This was expected to be achieved within 10 months of go-live. Realignment of pharmacist activity toward counseling and medication review with patients was a secondary goal, along with the rapid development of a reputation in the served community for patient-centered care. Methods: Preimplementation data for patient wait time for dispensing of prescribed medications as a specific measure of patient satisfaction was gathered as part of wider ongoing data collection in this field. Pharmacist activity and productivity in terms of patient interaction time were gathered. Reported and discovered dispensing errors per 1000 prescriptions were also aggregated. All preimplementation data was gathered over an 11-month period. Results: From go-live, data were gathered on the above metrics in 1-month increments. At the 10-month point, there had been a 53% reduction in the average wait time, a 20% increase in patient satisfaction regarding pharmacy wait time, with a 22% increase in overall patient satisfaction regarding pharmacy services, and a 33% increase in pharmacist productivity. A zero dispensing error rate was reported. Conclusions: The robotic pharmacy solution studied was highly effective, but a robust upstream supply chain is vital to ensure stock levels, particularly when automated filling is planned. The automation solution must also be seamlessly and completely integrated into the facility’s software systems for appointments, medication records, and prescription generation in order to garner its full benefits. Overall patient satisfaction with pharmacy services is strongly influenced by wait time and follow-up studies are required to identify how to use this positive effect and make optimal use of freed-up pharmacist time. The extra time spent by pharmacists with patients and the opportunity for complete overview of the patient’s medication history, which full integration provides, may allow us to address challenging issues such as medication nonadherence. Reduced wait times may also allow for JMIR Hum Factors 2021 | vol. 8 | iss. 3 | e28381 | p. 1 https://humanfactors.jmir. org/2021/3/e28381 (page number not for citation purposes) Momattin et al JMIR HUMAN FACTORS