Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated predictors for patients developing chronic neuropathic pain following burns

Abstract Background Chronic pain, unrelated to the burn itself, can manifest as a long-term complication in patients sustaining burn injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) and compare burn characteristics between patients who developed CNP and patients without CNP who were treated at a burn center. Methods A single-center, retrospective analysis of 1880 patients admitted to the adult burn center was performed from 1 January 2014 to 1 January 2019. Patients included were over the age of 15 years, sustained a burn injury and were admitted to the burn center. CNP was diagnosed clinically following burn injury. Patients were excluded from the definition of CNP if their pain was due to an underlying illness or medication. Comparisons between patients admitted to the burn center with no pain and patients admitted to the burn center who developed CNP were performed. Results One hundred and thirteen of the 1880 burn patients developed CNP as a direct result of burn injury over 5 years with a prevalence of 6.01%. Patients who developed CNP were a significantly older median age (54 years vs. 46 years, p = 0.002), abused alcohol (29% vs. 8%, p < 0.001), abused substances (31% vs. 9%, p < 0.001), were current daily smokers (73% vs. 33%, p < 0.001), suffered more full-thickness burns (58% vs. 43%, p < 0.001), greater median percent of total body surface area (%TBSA) burns (6 vs. 3.5, p < 0.001), were more often intubated on mechanical ventilation (33% vs. 14%, p < 0.001), greater median number of surgeries (2 vs. 0, p < 0.001) and longer median hospital length of stay (LOS) (10 days vs. 3 days, p < 0.001), compared to those who did not develop CNP, respectively. Median patient follow-up was 27 months. Conclusions The prevalence of CNP over 5 years was 6.01% in the burn center. Older ages, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, current daily smoking, greater percent of total body surface area (%TBSA) burns, third degree burns, being intubated on mechanical ventilation, having more surgeries and longer hospital LOS were associated with developing CNP following burn injury, compared to patients who did not develop CNP following burn injury.
Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Improves Gastrointestinal Disturbances Induced by Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in Patients With Liver Cancers

Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances occur in patients who receive chemotherapy via transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and could last for an extended period of time in some cases. Antiemetic drugs have a potential risk of developing hepatic failure and are ineffective for delayed nausea and emesis. Transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) has recently been reported to exert antiemetic and prokinetic effects, but it is unknown whether it has an ameliorating effect on TACE‐induced GI disturbances.
Brainstem inflammation modulates the ventilatory pattern and its variability after acute lung injury in rodents

Compared with sham rats, rats a week after acute lung injury (ALI) express more pro‐inflammatory cytokines in their brainstem respiratory control nuclei, exhibit a higher respiratory frequency (fR) and breathe with a more predictable pattern. These characteristics of the respiratory pattern persist in in situ preparations even after minimizing pulmonary and chemo‐afferent inputs. Interleukin (IL)‐1β microinjected in the nucleus tractus solitarii increases fR and the predictability of the ventilatory pattern similar to rats with ALI. Intracerebroventricular infusion of indomethacin, an anti‐inflammatory drug, mitigates the effect of ALI on fR and ventilatory pattern variability. We conclude that changes in the ventilatory pattern after ALI result not only from sensory input due to pulmonary damage and dysfunction but also from neuro‐inflammation.
Indigenous guardians as an emerging approach to indigenous environmental governance

Over the past 3 decades, indigenous guardian programs (also known as indigenous rangers or watchmen) have emerged as an institution for indigenous governments to engage in collaborative environmental governance. Using a systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature for research conducted in Australia, Canada, Aotearoa‐New Zealand, and the United States, we sought to characterize the emergence of indigenous guardians in the literature and explore whether guardian approaches are representative of Indigenous approaches to environmental governance. Using a multistep relevance‐screening method, we reviewed 83 articles published since 1995, that report on, critique, or comment on Indigenous guardians. Our findings indicated that most articles on the topic were published in the last decade (88%), focused on Australia (65%), and were in a social science discipline (53%). The lead author of the majority of articles was an academic, although only half of the articles included an indigenous scholar or member of an indigenous group or organization as a coauthor. Finally, 11 articles were on research of guardian programs that were locally led and only 5 exemplified indigenous governance, based on 2 well‐known community‐based monitoring typologies. Our findings indicate that more research is required to understand the implications of current guardian programs for indigenous self‐determination, particularly when such programs are embedded in a broader western environmental governance structure.
One in 5 Athletes Sustain Reinjury Upon Return to High-Risk Sports After ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review in 1239 Athletes Younger Than 20 Years

Context: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is frequently performed in patients younger than 20 years whose goal is to return to sport (RTS). Varying reinjury rates have been reported, and the factors responsible are unclear. Studies differ with regard to age, graft type, surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation, RTS guidelines, and methods used to determine ACL failures. Objective: To determine RTS rates; the effect of participation in high-risk sports, sex, and graft type on ACL reinjury rates; and whether objective test criteria before RTS correlate with lower reinjury rates. Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature from inception to May 31, 2019, was conducted using the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Study Selection: Studies on transphyseal ACLR in athletes <20 years old with a minimum mean follow-up of 2 years that reported reinjury rates, the number that RTS, and detailed the type of sport were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: A total of 1239 patients in 8 studies were included; 87% returned to sport and 80% resumed high-risk activities. Of the patients, 18% reinjured the ACL graft and/or the contralateral ACL. Nine percent of patellar tendon autografts and 15% of hamstring autografts failed (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; P = 0.002). Of reinjuries, 90% occurred during high-risk sports. Male patients had a significantly higher rate of ACL graft failure than female patients (OR, 1.64; P = 0.01). There was no sex-based effect on contralateral ACL injuries. Only 1 study cited objective criteria for RTS. Conclusion: A high percentage of athletes returned to sport, but 1 in 5 suffered reinjuries to either knee. Male patients were more likely to reinjure the ACL graft. Objective criteria for RTS were rarely mentioned or not detailed. The need for testing of knee stability, strength, neuromuscular control, agility, and psychological measures before RTS remains paramount in young athletes.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards Diet and Health among International Students in Dublin: A Cross-Sectional Study

International students may have difficulties in dietary acculturation. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of diet and health during the acculturation of international students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 473 international students in Dublin. Knowledge, attitude and practices towards diet and health were evaluated by a questionnaire with open- and closed-ended questions. It was found that 45.3% of participants had a broad concept of a healthy diet, while few knew its specific contents. Furthermore, 75.3% of participants could explain the term functional food, and among them, 62.1% knew the appropriate definition of functional food. Participants who perceived their health very good and excellent were more likely to believe that their health status was determined by their own control. The consumption rate of functional food varied among regions and South and Central America students had the highest usage rate (44.5%) and Asian students had the highest daily usage rate (52.7%). Participants who were younger, single, from African and South and Central American countries, or who were in Ireland for less than one year were more likely to report dietary change after immigration. In conclusion, insufficient knowledge and self-perception towards diet and health as well as unhealthily dietary changes exist among international students living in Dublin.
Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease: limiting immunosuppressive therapy—a single‐centre experience

Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is characterized by lymphocytic and granulomatous pulmonary infiltration occurring in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). It is associated with increased mortality compared with CVID patients without GLILD. There are no treatment guidelines due to the low prevalence and the heterogeneity of the condition. A case review of three patients diagnosed with GLILD was performed from a single Australian centre. Patients met the European Society of Immunodeficiency criteria for CVID and a diagnosis of GLILD was confirmed by a multidisciplinary team. Patients were managed with immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement and immunosuppressive agents if required: the decision for immunosuppression was made on the basis of symptoms and declining pulmonary function. All patients clinically improved. One patient had immunosuppressive treatment ceased. GLILD responds to varying immunosuppressive regimes when IgG monotherapy fails. Immunosuppressive therapy can be discontinued following improvement, but patients require close observation. This series helps inform future GLILD treatment guidelines.
Critical period of androgen-inducible sex differentiation in a teleost fish, the European sea bass

Twenty-day exposures to 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) (10 mg kg -1 food) starting at 86 or 106 days post fertilization (DPF) resulted in a complete masculinization of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, as opposed to 46% females present in the controls. Earlier exposures failed to suppress ovarian development, resulting in a variable number of females (range 10.5-49.5%). All treatments assayed between 110 and 210 DPF induced a complete masculinization, regardless of the androgen or the dose tested, However, a dose dependent increase in the number of fish with intratesticular oocytes was observed after MT but not after 17α-methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) administration This might be a reflection of the capability of MT and not of MDHT to be converted into oestradiol by the action of aromatase. One hundred-day exposures to either of the androgens (10 mg kg ' food) starting at 60 or 160 DPF resulted in a total suppression of ovarian development and a partial induction of sterility. Complete sterility was accomplished after 200 days of exposure starting at early ontogenesis (60-260 DPF). These deleterious effects on gonadal development were later confirmed by a dramatic reduction of the gonadosomatic index. In addition, around the first year of age, growth was significantly depressed in all groups except those for which treatments started at the latest (160-260 DPF; experiment 1) or the earliest and shortest (46-66 DPF; experiment 2). Hence, the critical period of androgen-inducible masculinization is located between 96 and 126 DPF and coincides with a rapid proliferation of primordial germ cells in the sexually undifferentiated gonad.
In-air and underwater vocalizations of eastern Canadian harbour seals, Phoca vitulina

Harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, have long been thought to be one of the least vocal pinniped species both in air and under water. However, recent studies have shown that males use underwater vocalizations intensively during the mating season. In air, harbour seals are still thought to be relatively silent. In this study we describe the vocal repertoire of Eastern Canadian harbour seals during the breeding season. Harbour seals from this area produced seven vocalization types in air and one vocalization type under water. In-air vocalizations are predominantly used by adult males during agonistic interactions. Other sex and age classes also vocalize, but less frequently. Nearest neighbour responses to in-air vocalizations were primarily agonistic when any age or sex class vocalized. In this study, seals produced an underwater roar vocalization closely resembling that produced by adult males during the mating season at other sites. Eastern Canadian harbour seals appear to be considerably more vocal when haule.
Formation and Detection of Highly Oxidized Hemoglobin Forms in Biological Fluids during Hemolytic Conditions

Hemolytic diseases are characterized by an accelerated breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) and the release of hemoglobin (Hb). Following, RBC lysis Hb oxidation occurs with the formation of different redox states of Hb (metHb and ferrylHb) and the release of heme. ferrylHb is unstable and decomposes to metHb with the concomitant formation of globin radicals and eventually covalently crosslinked Hb multimers. The goal of the present study was to determine the concentrations of the different redox states of Hb in biological samples during hemolytic conditions. We used plasma and urine samples of mice with intravascular hemolysis and human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples following intraventricular hemorrhage. Because ferrylHb is highly unstable, we also addressed the fate of this species. metHb and free heme time-dependently accumulate in plasma and CSF samples following intravascular hemolysis and intraventricular hemorrhage, respectively. ferrylHb is hardly detectable in the biological samples during hemolytic conditions. Under in vitro conditions, ferrylHb decomposes quickly to metHb, which process is associated with the formation of covalently crosslinked Hb multimers. We detected these covalently crosslinked Hb multimers in plasma, urine, and CSF samples during hemolytic conditions. Because globin modification is specific for these Hb forms, we propose to call this heterogeneous form of Hb produced during ferrylHb decomposition as globin-modified oxidized Hb (gmoxHb). Understanding the formation and the contribution of gmoxHb species to the pathogenesis of hemolytic conditions could have therapeutic implications in the treatment of hemolytic diseases.
Effects of milking frequency on feed intake, body weight and haemato-biochemical changes in crossbred cows

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of two times and three times daily milking frequencies on feed intake, body weight and haemato-biochemical changes in crossbred cows. Twenty-four cows of second to fourth parity were distributed into two groups on the basis of genetic makeup and parity. The cows of control group (T1) were hand milked twice a day with 12 hours interval and of the other group (T2) thrice daily with 8 hours interval. All the animals were housed under tie stall system of housing. The parameters were recorded from 7th to 104th day of lactation on individual animal. No significant difference was observed for total dry matter intake between the groups. The gain in body weight per cow was 20.00 and 8.75 kg in T1 and T2, respectively without significant difference. Body condition score change was 0.02 and −0.06 units in cows of T1 and T2, respectively. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, calcium and T3 values were found significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 than in T2. It is concluded that more frequently milked cows produced more milk at the cost of their body reserves, expressed by their comparative poor body condition, and had lower values of some blood metabolites.
Biomechanics of all-out handcycling exercise: kinetics, kinematics and muscular activity of a 15-s sprint test in able-bodied participants

ABSTRACT This study aims to quantify the kinematics, kinetics and muscular activity of all-out handcycling exercise and examine their alterations during the course of a 15-s sprint test. Twelve able-bodied competitive triathletes performed a 15-s all-out sprint test in a recumbent racing handcycle that was attached to an ergometer. During the sprint test, tangential crank kinetics, 3D joint kinematics and muscular activity of 10 muscles of the upper extremity and trunk were examined using a power metre, motion capturing and surface electromyography (sEMG), respectively. Parameters were compared between revolution one (R1), revolution two (R2), the average of revolution 3 to 13 (R3) and the average of the remaining revolutions (R4). Shoulder abduction and internal-rotation increased, whereas maximal shoulder retroversion decreased during the sprint. Except for the wrist angles, angular velocity increased for every joint of the upper extremity. Several muscles demonstrated an increase in muscular activation, an earlier onset of muscular activation in crank cycle and an increased range of activation. During the course of a 15-s all-out sprint test in handcycling, the shoulder muscles and the muscles associated to the push phase demonstrate indications for short-duration fatigue. These findings are helpful to prevent injuries and improve performance in all-out handcycling.
Liver Phenotypes of European Adults Heterozygous or Homozygous for Pi*Z Variant of AAT (Pi*MZ vs Pi*ZZ genotype) and Non-carriers.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Homozygosity for the Pi*Z variant of the gene that encodes the alpha-1 antitrypsin peptide (AAT), called the Pi*ZZ genotype, causes a liver and lung disease called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Heterozygosity (the Pi*MZ genotype) is a risk factor for cirrhosis in individuals with liver disease. Up to 4% of Caucasians have the Pi*MZ genotype; we compared features of adults with and without Pi*MZ genotype among persons without pre-existing liver disease. METHODS We analyzed data from the European Alpha-1 Liver Cohort, from 419 adults with the Pi*MZ genotype, 309 adults with the Pi*ZZ genotype, and 284 individuals without the variant (non-carriers). All underwent a comprehensive evaluation; liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) were made by transient elastography. Liver biopsies were analyzed to define histologic and biochemical features associated with the Pi*Z variant. Levels of serum transaminases were retrieved from 444,642 participants, available in the United Kingdom biobank. RESULTS In the United Kingdom biobank database, levels of serum transaminases were increased in subjects with the Pi*MZ genotype compared with non-carriers. In the Alpha-1 Liver Cohort, adults with Pi*MZ had lower levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase in serum and lower LSMs than adults with the Pi*ZZ variant, but these were higher than in non-carriers. Ten percent of subjects with the Pi*MZ genotype vs 4% of non-carriers had LSMs of 7.1 kPa or more (adjusted odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.0-11.8). Obesity and diabetes were the most important factors associated with LSMs ≥7.1 kPa in subjects with the Pi*MZ genotype. AAT inclusions were detected in liver biopsies of 63% of subjects with the Pi*MZ genotype, vs 97% of subjects with the Pi*ZZ genotype, and increased with liver fibrosis stages. Subjects with the Pi*MZ genotype did not have increased hepatic levels of AAT, whereas levels of insoluble AAT varied among individuals. CONCLUSIONS Adults with the Pi*MZ genotype have lower levels of serum transaminases, fewer AAT inclusions in liver, and lower liver stiffness than adults with the Pi*ZZ genotype, but higher than adults without the Pi*Z variant. These findings should help determine risk of subjects with the Pi*MZ genotype and aid in counseling.
Physicochemical Composition and Nutritional Properties of Deer Burger Enhanced with Healthier Oils

Deer meat is characterized by low fat and cholesterol contents and high amounts of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this regard, the aim of this work was to assess the influence of pork backfat substitution by healthier oils on chemical composition, fatty acid profile, texture profile and sensory analysis of deer burger. In addition, pH, color parameters and lipid oxidation were evaluated at 0, 6, 12 and 18 days of storage. For this study, four different treatments of deer burgers—100% pork backfat, 100% tiger nut oil, 100% chia oil, and 100% linseed oil—were elaborated. The fat replacement reduced fat and protein contents and increased moisture amounts, whereas ashes and texture parameters of deer burgers were not affected. Fatty acid profile was significantly improved with the animal fat replacement. In this regard, a significant decrease in saturated fatty acids was found in all reformulated batches, whereas in chia and linseed burger samples a dramatic increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 content and a reduction of n-3/n-6 ratio was observed. In the deer burger prepared with tiger nut oil a significant increase in monounsaturated fatty acids was found. Another important aspect is that the replacement of animal fat by tiger nut or linseed oil emulsion did not affect the global acceptance of deer burgers. Regarding color parameters, redness was the most affected during the whole display presenting a reduction around 50% after 18 days of storage. On the other hand, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were also affected by fat replacement and storage time, observing the highest values (2.43 mg MDA/kg) in deer burgers prepared with chia at the end of refrigerated period. Finally, from a commercial point of view, the possibility of making claims such as “low fat burgers”, “reduced saturated fat” or “high content of omega-3” makes the reformulated burgers more attractive to the consumer.
Immunosuppressive Potential of Low Fat Buffalo Milk Supplemented with Omega-3 Fatty Acids

The present investigation reports the evaluation of the immunosuppressive potential of low fat buffalo milk supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids in mice. The phagocytic activity of omega-3 milk group was 32% less than that of control group after 4 weeks and 42% less after 8 weeks of dietary regime. The lymphocyte proliferation index was 26% and 61% less than that of control after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, when lipopolysaccharide was used as mitogen and 17.8% (4 weeks) and 19% (8 weeks) when concanavalin A was used as mitogen. The IgG level in serum reduced after dietary supplementation. IgG in intestine and IgA in intestine did not show any particular trend.