Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Sources Affect the Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Content in Thraustochytrium sp. RT2316-16

The psychrophilic marine microorganism Thraustochytrium sp. RT2316-16 can produce carotenoids as well as lipids containing the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. This work reports on the effects of the composition of the culture medium, including certain amino acids, on growth and lipid synthesis by RT2316-16. Compared with the culture on glutamate, the use of lysine, alanine, or serine, increased the content of the omega-3 PUFA in total lipids. In the media that contained yeast extract, glutamate, and glucose, lipid accumulation occurred when organic ammonium was exhausted earlier than glucose. In contrast, lipid mobilization was promoted if glucose was exhausted while organic ammonium (supplied by yeast extract and glutamate) remained in the medium. The total content of carotenoids in the lipid-free biomass decreased during the first 12 to 24 h of culture, simultaneously with a decrease in the total lipid content of the biomass. The experimental data suggested a possible interrelationship between the metabolism of carotenoids and lipids. A high content of omega-3 PUFA in the total lipids could be obtained by growing the thraustochytrid in a medium with a low glucose concentration (6 g L−1) and a high concentration of organic nitrogen (yeast extract 12 g L−1; glutamate 1.06 g L−1), after glucose was exhausted. These observations may guide the development of a strategy to enhance omega-3 PUFA in the biomass.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677T Allele Is a Risk Factor for Arterial Thrombosis in Chinese Han Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and thrombotic or obstetric events. Given the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations, it is likely that genetic and acquired factors are involved in the pathogenesis of APS. The inherited polymorphisms of the thrombophilic gene, including methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) 4G/5G, factor V Leiden (FVL) G1691A, prothrombin (PT) G20210A, antithrombin (AT), and fibrinogen (Fg) polymorphisms, were analyzed in 67 aPL(+) patients from the Chinese Han population, including 41 APS patients and 26 persistent aPL carriers. The MTHFR C677T genotypes of 105 healthy controls, and the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism of 120 healthy controls, from the Chinese Han population were acquired for this study. Both the MTHFR C677T genotype (χ2 = 10.67, p = 0.004) and C/T allele distribution (χ2 = 5.92, p = 0.019) between the aPL(+) patients and healthy controls were found to be significantly different. Furthermore, we observed that the patients with at least one T allele had a higher risk of arterial thrombosis (CT vs. CC, OR 11.00, p= 0.025; CT + TT vs. CC, OR 10.27, p = 0.018). The C677T mutation of MTHFR is a risk factor for arterial thrombosis in Chinese Han patients with APS.
Duration and Intensity as Physical Correlates of Linguistic Stress

The experiments reported in this paper are an attempt to explore the influence of certain physical cues on the perception of linguistic stress patterns. The material chosen was a group of English words in which a change of function from noun to verb is commonly associated with a shift of stress from the first to the second syllable. Spectrograms were used to determine the vowel duration and intensity ratios which occur in these words and this information was applied in making up a test in which listeners' judgments of stress could be correlated with variations in the duration and intensity ratios. The results of the experiments show that duration and intensity ratios are both cues for judgments of stress and that, in the material studied, duration ratio is a more effective cue than intensity ratio.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Resistance, from Protein Supply to Diet-Induced Obesity

For more than a decade, there has been a wide debate about the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, valine, and isoleucine, with, on the one hand, the supporters of their anabolic effects and, on the other hand, those who suspect them of promoting insulin resistance. Indeed, the role of leucine in the postprandial activation of protein synthesis has been clearly established, even though supplementation studies aimed at taking advantage of this property are rather disappointing. Furthermore, there is ample evidence of an association between the elevation of their plasma concentrations and insulin resistance or the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, although there are many confounding factors, starting with the level of animal protein consumption. After a summary of their metabolism and anabolic properties, we analyze in this review the factors likely to increase the plasma concentrations of BCAAs, including insulin-resistance. After an analysis of supplementation or restriction studies in search of a direct role of BCAAs in insulin resistance, we discuss an indirect role through some of their metabolites: branched-chain keto acids, C3 and C5 acylcarnitines, and hydroxyisobutyrate. Overall, given the importance of insulin in the metabolism of these amino acids, it is very likely that small alterations in insulin sensitivity are responsible for a reduction in their catabolism long before the onset of impaired glucose tolerance.
Varieties Of Isoplanatism

Isoplanatism is a somewhat exotic term used to indicate that the transfer function of an optical system is dependent on the field-angle, or to denote the region, called the isoplanatic patch, over which the transfer function is virtually independent of field-angle. For many years, the term has been used mostly as a sort of "charm" to "ward-off" the possibility that others might think we were unaware of mathematical subtleties we intended to ignore because they were physically inconsequential. However, isoplanatism assumes physical significance in imaging through turbulence. The need to take account of this has created some confusion since different types of imagery have different isoplanatic dependencies and so should be denoted by different terms. There are a variety of different effects each of which can be classi-fied as isoplanatism each distinct in its dependence on the propagation path. We have identified five distinct varieties of isoplanatism, which we call 1) predetection compensation isoplanatism, 2) post-detection short-exposure imagery compensation isoplanatism, 3) post-detection long-exposure compensa-tion isoplanatism, 4) angle-of-arrival isoplanatism, and 5) speckle interferometry isoplanatism. Formulas giverning each of these types of isoplanatism will be presented.
Transcriptomic Profiles of Normal Pituitary Cells and Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells

Simple Summary The molecular pathogenesis of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) involves the interplay of many genes and transcription factors in the setting of a diverse altered tumor microenvironment. Recent advancements in molecular technologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, became essential in delineating specific cell types and identifying altered genes in both normal physiological states and diseases in the pituitary. This review discusses the recent progress made in characterizing the transcriptomic profiles of the normal pituitary gland and sporadic PitNETs and their significance. Abstract The pituitary gland is one of the most cellularly diverse regions of the brain. Recent advancements in transcriptomic biology, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, bring an unprecedented glimpse into the molecular composition of the pituitary, both in its normal physiological state and in disease. Deciphering the normal pituitary transcriptomic signatures provides a better insight into the ontological origin and development of five types of endocrine cells, a process involving complex cascades of transcription factors that are still being established. In parallel with these observations about normal pituitary development, recent transcriptomic findings on pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) demonstrate both preservations and changes in transcription factor expression patterns compared to those seen during gland development. Furthermore, recent studies also identify differentially expressed genes that drive various tumor behaviors, including hormone hypersecretion and tumor aggression. Understanding the comprehensive multiomic profiles of PitNETs is essential in developing molecular profile-based therapies for PitNETs not curable with current treatment modalities and could eventually help align PitNETs with the breakthroughs being made in applying precision medicine to other tumors.
Low Temperature Magnetic Transition of BiFeO3 Ceramics Sintered by Electric Field-Assisted Methods: Flash and Spark Plasma Sintering

Low temperature magnetic properties of BiFeO3 powders sintered by flash and spark plasma sintering were studied. An anomaly observed in the magnetic measurements at 250 K proves the clear existence of a phase transition. This transformation, which becomes less well-defined as the grain sizes are reduced to nanometer scale, was described with regard to a magneto-elastic coupling. Furthermore, the samples exhibited enhanced ferromagnetic properties as compared with those of a pellet prepared by the conventional solid-state technique, with both a higher coercivity field and remnant magnetization, reaching a maximum value of 1.17 kOe and 8.5 10−3 emu/g, respectively, for the specimen sintered by flash sintering, which possesses the smallest grains. The specimens also show more significant exchange bias, from 22 to 177 Oe for the specimen prepared by the solid-state method and flash sintering technique, respectively. The observed increase in this parameter is explained in terms of a stronger exchange interaction between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic grains in the case of the pellet sintered by flash sintering.
Utilization of Personalized Machine-Learning to Screen for Dysglycemia from Ambulatory ECG, toward Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring

Blood glucose (BG) monitoring is important for critically ill patients, as poor sugar control has been associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients. However, constant BG monitoring can be resource-intensive and pose a healthcare burden in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to develop a personalized machine-learning model to predict dysglycemia from electrocardiogram (ECG) data. We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database as our source of data and obtained more than 20 ECG records from each included patient during a single hospital admission. We focused on lead II recordings, along with corresponding blood sugar data. We processed the data and used ECG features from each heartbeat as inputs to develop a one-class support vector machine algorithm to predict dysglycemia. The model was able to predict dysglycemia using a single heartbeat with an AUC of 0.92 ± 0.09, a sensitivity of 0.92 ± 0.10, and specificity of 0.84 ± 0.04. After applying 10 s majority voting, the AUC of the model’s dysglycemia prediction increased to 0.97 ± 0.06. This study showed that a personalized machine-learning algorithm can accurately detect dysglycemia from a single-lead ECG.
2001-2702 Spatial Linear Instability of Confluent Wake/Boundary Layers

The spatial linear instability of incompressible confluent wake/boundary layers is analyzed. The flow model adopted is a superposition of the Blasius boundary layer and a wake located above the boundary layer. The Orr-Sommerfeld equation is solved using a global numerical method for the resulting eigenvalue problem. The numerical procedure is validated by comparing the present solutions for the instability of the Blasius boundary layer and for the instability of a wake with published results. For the confluent wake/boundary layers, modes associated with the boundary layer and the wake, respectively, are identified. The boundary layer mode is found amplified as the wake approaches the wall. On the other hand, the modes associated with the wake, including a symmetric mode and an antisymmetric mode, are stabilized by the reduced distance between the wall and the wake. An unstable mode switching at low frequency is observed where the antisymmetric mode becomes more unstable than the symmetric mode when the wake velocity defect is high.
What Are the Recipes of an Entrepreneur’s Subjective Well-Being? A Fuzzy-Set Approach for China

Entrepreneurs face more pressure and challenges than ordinary workers, which has a serious impact on their physical and mental health. Therefore, the research focus has gradually shifted from objective indicators of entrepreneurial performance to exploration of entrepreneurs’ subjective well-being. However, previous studies were often limited to a net effect analysis of a single dimension under symmetric thinking in quantitative research. Therefore, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze the configuration path of entrepreneurs’ physical and mental health at the individual level, social capital at the collective level, and subjective well-being from the perspective of configuration. The sample was of 279 effective entrepreneurs from the 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS). Four types of entrepreneurs were found to improve their high well-being profiles: optimistic efficiency-driven, trust efficiency-driven, strong psychology-driven, and weak relationship-driven. Research shows that the interaction between physical and mental health and social capital jointly affects the subjective well-being of entrepreneurs. The research findings reinforce the need for attention to the physical and mental health of entrepreneurs, which are conducive to their active participation in social life. Additionally, establishing weak relationship-oriented interpersonal networks and accumulating social resources to further achieve higher subjective well-being is required.
Theoretical Investigation of Geometries and Bonding of Indium Hydrides in the In2Hx and In3Hy (x = 0–4,6; y = 0–5) Series

Boron hydrides have been an object of intensive theoretical and experimental investigation for many decades due to their unusual and somewhat unique bonding patterns. Despite boron being a neighboring element to carbon, boron hydrides almost always form non-classical structures with multi-center bonds. However, we expect indium to form its interesting molecules with non-classical patterns, though such molecules still need to be extensively studied theoretically. In this work, we investigated indium hydrides of In2Hx (x = 0–4,6) and In3Hy (y = 0–5) series via DFT and ab initio quantum chemistry methods, performing a global minimum search, chemical bonding analysis, and studies of their thermodynamical stability. We found that the bonding pattern of indium hydrides differs from the classical structures composed of 1c-2e lone pairs and 2c-2e bonds and the bonding pattern of earlier investigated boron hydrides of the BnHn+2 series. The studied stoichiometries are characterized by multi-center bonds, aromaticity, and the tendency for indium to preserve the 1c-2e lone pair.
Searching for ideal types : The potentialities of latent class analysis

Typologies play an important role in sociological theory and research. Basic to the use of (ideal) types is the notion that a subject's overt behavior can be conceived of as governed by his/her belonging or closeness to a particular underlying pure type. Many statistical techniques are in use to detect or construct these fundamental types, especially factor analysis. Much less attention has been paid to the possibilities that latent class analysis has to offer. Through an elaborate example, it is shown that the basic ideas of latent class analysis correspond eminently well with the use social scientists make of (ideal) types. Several important extensions of the basic latent class model along with significant new developments are discussed.
Ma'adim Vallis Revisited through New Topographic Data: Evidence for an Ancient Intravalley Lake

Abstract Based on a comprehensive study of the recent topographic map USGS MC-23 SE I-2119 (USGS, 1991, Topographical Map of Aeolis ) plus geomorphic and digital elevation, we have constructed a geometric model of Ma'adim Vallis. The sedimentary history of the valley was determined by the damming of the valley by two impact craters, one by the southern crater over Gusev rim and the second located 120 km upstream. The presence of an intravalley lake system is inferred from independent sedimentary analysis and from geomorphic evidence for valley benches. Peripheral and parallel topographic contour intervals of the putative intravalley lake shores suggest that the lake was covered by a thick ice sheet. The longitudinal profile of the valley floor shows a peculiar reverse slope located 300 km upstream from the southern Gusev crater rim. We conclude that this is an accumulation of sedimentary deposits adjacent to the crater rampart which defined the northern boundary of the lake. When the water level reached the lowest point of the west bank, which is 0.4 km below the top of the rim of Gusev crater, it began to floor the surrounding plateau. As the intravalley lake level raised, its ice cover formed a wide lateral bench. Later, this ponded water was funneled into Gusev crater through the breaching of the southern Gusev rampart by an impact crater. The paleolacustrine sediments transported by the lake water that channeled through the rampart debris slope mantled the floor of Gusev crater. The sublacustrine sediments are promising targets for future missions and of high priority in the search for past life.
Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by an Aqueous Extract of Codium tomentosum as Potential Antitumoral Enhancers of Gemcitabine

Cancer still poses a global threat, since a lot of tumors remain untreatable despite all the available chemotherapeutic drugs, whose side effects, it must also be noted, still raise concerns. The antitumoral properties of marine seaweeds make them a potential source of new, less toxic, and more active antitumoral agents. Furthermore, these natural extracts can be combined with nanotechnology to increase their efficacy and improve targeting. In this work, a Codium tomentosum (CT) aqueous extract was employed for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au@CT). The complete characterization of Au@CT was performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Zeta potential, electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-performance steric exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and by the determination of their antioxidant capacity. The antiproliferative activity of Au@CT was then tested in hepatic (HEPG-2) and pancreatic (BxPC-3) cell lines. Their potential capacity as enhancers of gemcitabine, a drug frequently used to treat both types of tumors, was also tested. The activity of Au@CT was compared to the activity of the CT extract alone. A synergistic effect with gemcitabine was proven for HEPG-2. Our results showed that gold nanoparticles synthesized from seaweed extracts with antitumoral activity could be a good gemcitabine enhancer.
Analysis of Vibration Frequency and Direction for Facilitating Upper-Limb Muscle Activity

Simple Summary Health promotion is important in older adults. However, aging-induced frailty results in poor muscle activity in the upper limbs, leading to activity impairments. Fortunately, recent studies report that vibration is a safe approach for improving muscular function; however, different frequencies and directions of vibrations can result in inconsistencies in muscle function improvement, and further investigation is needed. We developed a handheld vibrator to determine the effect of vibration frequency and direction on upper-limb muscle activation. Nineteen qualified participants were exposed to vertical and horizontal vibrations with 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 Hz frequencies for 60 s each. Surface electromyography measured the activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), biceps, triceps, and deltoid anterior muscles. Muscle activity was significantly induced under vibration conditions in both vertical and horizontal directions. The 45-Hz horizontal vibration induced maximum muscle activations for the FDS, ECR, ECU, biceps, and triceps. The 60-Hz vertical and 30-Hz horizontal vibrations facilitated maximum muscle activations for the FCR and deltoid anterior, respectively. We therefore suggest different protocols of vibration for specific weak muscles to improve muscle function in the upper limbs of older adults. Abstract We aimed to determine the effect of vibration frequency and direction on upper-limb muscle activation using a handheld vibrator. We recruited 19 healthy participants who were instructed to hold a handheld vibrator in their dominant hand and maintain the elbow at 90° flexion, while vertical and horizontal vibrations were applied with frequencies of 15, 30, 45, and 60 Hz for 60 s each. Surface electromyography (EMG) measured the activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), biceps, triceps, and deltoid anterior muscles. EMG changes were evaluated as the difference in muscle activity between vibration and no-vibration (0 Hz) conditions. Muscle activity was induced under vibration conditions in both vertical and horizontal (p < 0.05) directions. At 45 Hz, FDS and FCR activities increased during horizontal vibrations, compared with those during vertical vibrations. ECU activity significantly increased under 15-Hz vertical vibrations compared with that during horizontal vibrations. Vibrations from the handheld vibrator significantly induced upper-limb muscle activity. The maximum muscle activations for FDS, ECR, ECU, biceps, and triceps were induced by 45-Hz horizontal vibration. The 60-Hz vertical and 30-Hz horizontal vibrations facilitated maximum muscle activations for the FCR and deltoid anterior, respectively.
Encapsulation of Thymol and Eugenol Essential Oils Using Unmodified Cellulose: Preparation and Characterization

Essential oils (EOs) are volatile natural organic compounds, which possess pesticidal properties. However, they are vulnerable to heat and light, limiting their range of applications. Encapsulation of EOs is a useful approach to overcome some of these limitations. In this study, a novel emulsification technique is utilized for encapsulation of thymol (TY) and eugenol (EU) (EOs) within microcapsules with an unmodified cellulose shell. Use of low cost materials and processes can be beneficial in agricultural applications. In the encapsulation process, unmodified cellulose was dissolved in 7% aqueous NaOH at low temperature, regenerated to form a dispersion of cellulose hydrogels, which was rigorously mixed with the EOs by mechanical mixing followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). Cellulose:EO ratios of 1:1 and 1:8 utilizing homogenization pressures of 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 psi applied in a microfluidizer were studied. Light microscopy, high-resolution cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed successful fabrication of EO-loaded capsules in size range of 1 to ~8 µm. Stability analyses showed highly stabilized oil in water (O/W) emulsions with instability index close to 0. The emulsions exhibited anti-mold activity in post-harvest alfalfa plants, with potency affected by the cellulose:EO ratio as well as the EO type; TY showed the highest anti-mold activity. Taken together, this study showed potential for anti-fungal activity of cellulose-encapsulated EOs in post-harvest hay.