Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of the U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate Quadrotor Guidance, Navigation, and Control Project

In recent years, there has been growing commercial and military interest in small-scale multi-rotor unmanned aerial systems (UAS), from commercial package delivery, to performing search and rescue missions, to providing surveillance and reconnaissance support. The Vehicle Management and Control (VMC) Technical Area under the U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate (ADD) at Moffett Field, California has strong experience and expertise in applying advanced flight control and obstacle field navigation (OFN) technologies to full-size manned and unmanned rotorcraft. The Quadrotor Guidance, Navigation, and Control project was established to develop and apply these advanced technologies to a small-scale commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) multi-rotor UAS to support emerging Department of Defense and industry needs. This paper provides an overview of the project, from the organizational aspect, to the development of the hardware and software infrastructure, to the application of the aforementioned advanced technologies to a 3D Robotics IRIS+ quadrotor research vehicle. Example results for each core technology component (system identification, flight control design and optimization, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, flight testing and validation) are presented to demonstrate its successful application to the IRIS+. Current work in developing scoring metrics and scaled ADS-33 Mission Task Elements (MTEs) for evaluating the performance of control designs based on aggressiveness, tracking, and robustness are discussed. Recent development of a quadrotor-specific Control
Automated Pupillometry as an Assessment Tool for Intracranial Hemodynamics in Septic Patients

Impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) may increase the risk of brain hypoperfusion in septic patients. Sepsis dysregulates the autonomic nervous system (ANS), potentially affecting CA. ANS function can be assessed through the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The aim of this prospective, observational study was to investigate the association between CA and PLR in adult septic patients. Transcranial Doppler was used to assess CA and calculate estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (eCPP) and intracranial pressure (eICP). An automated pupillometer (AP) was used to record Neurological Pupil Index (NPi), constriction (CV) and dilation (DV) velocities. The primary outcome was the relationship between AP-derived variables with CA; the secondary outcome was the association between AP-derived variables with eCPP and/or eICP. Among 40 included patients, 21 (53%) had impaired CA, 22 (55%) had low eCPP (<60 mmHg) and 15 (38%) had high eICP (>16 mmHg). DV was lower in patients with impaired CA compared to others; DV predicted impaired CA with area under the curve, AUROC= 0.78 [95% Confidence Interval, CI 0.63–0.94]; DV < 2.2 mm/s had sensitivity 85% and specificity 69% for impaired CA. Patients with low eCPP or high eICP had lower NPi values than others. NPi was correlated with eCPP (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) and eICP (r = −0.87, p < 0.01). Automated pupillometry may play a role to assess brain hemodynamics in septic patients.
A Describing Function-Based Stability Analysis Method for Cascaded DC-DC Converters

The parameters of DC-DC converters in a cascaded converters system are often set up separately, which may cause instability or even breakdown of the whole system. The traditional Middlebrook impedance stability criterion and Nyquist criterion are based on the small-signal model, where the nonlinear links are ignored or linearized, which, however leads to inaccurate modeling, and the difficulty for analytically obtaining stability range. In this paper, the nonlinear links, i.e., pulse width modulation links, of cascaded DC-DC converters system are first modeled by the describing function (DF); then, a novel stability analysis method for the cascaded DC-DC converters system is proposed by combining the impedance analysis method, Nyquist criterion and DF to accurately determine the stability range of the cascaded converters system. Since the DF method is only used into single converter so far for stability analysis, a source/load converter equivalent method is proposed in this paper to apply DF method into the cascaded converters. To this end, the two-stage cascaded boost converters systems with and without considering the parasitic parameters are taken as examples to conduct the simulation and experiment for verifying the correctness and the accuracy of the proposed DF-based stability analysis method. This work provides an analytical method to determine not only the stable and unstable ranges but also the critical stability range of the cascaded system, as well as provides a reference to quantificationally design the control parameters.
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Patients with Tuberculosis: A Review

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major killer and cause of human suffering worldwide and imposes a substantial reduction in patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL indicates the consciousness of patients regarding their physical and mental health. It is, therefore, very relevant in comprehending and measuring the exact impact of the disease state. Therefore, we undertook this review to summarize the available evidence on the impact of TB and its treatment on HRQoL. An in-depth understanding of HRQoL in TB patients can identify the existing management gaps. We undertook a systematic search through PubMed and CENTRAL. Data were extracted and tabulated for study design, targeted population, QoL instrument used, QoL domain assessed, and key findings. We included studies that assessed the effect of TB on the QoL both during and after treatment. There are no specific HRQoL assessment tools for utilization among TB patients. HRQoL is markedly impaired in patients with TB. The factors affecting HRQoL differ with active and latent TB, socio-demographics, socio-economic status, presence of co-infections, etc. This review’s findings can help to frame appropriate policies for tackling HRQoL issues in TB patients.
Co-Delivery of siRNA and Chemotherapeutic Drug Using 2C5 Antibody-Targeted Dendrimer-Based Mixed Micelles for Multidrug Resistant Cancers

Multidrug resistance (MDR) observed in tumors significantly hinders the efficacy of chemotherapy. Downregulation of efflux proteins, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), using small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be an effective way to minimize the resistance in tumors. In this study, monoclonal antibody 2C5 (mAb 2C5)-PEG7k-DOPE conjugates were post-inserted into the mixed dendrimer micelles containing generation 4 (G4) polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-PEG2k-DOPE and PEG5k-DOPE. The inherent amphiphilic nature of DOPE conjugates causes the copolymers to self-assemble to form a micelle, which can encapsulate hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs in its core. The siRNA electrostatically binds to the cationic charges on the G4 PAMAM dendrimer. The tumor-specific mAb 2C5 on the surface of these nano-preparations resulted in improved tumor targeting. This active targeting to tumors can cause increase in the drug and siRNA accumulation at the tumor site, and thereby minimizing the off-target effects. The micelles were shown to have higher cellular association and effectiveness in vitro. The immunomicelle preparation was also tested for cytotoxicity in breast (MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (SKOV-3TR) MDR cancer cell lines.
Antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Waterhyacinth , once looked upon nonchalantly, has received supreme interest in recent years owing to its constructiveness in various fields. The solvent extracts of waterhaycinth was tested against a bacteria Staphylococcus albus by disc diffusion method and a fungal stains Mucor sp by streak plate method. Acetone extract evidenced better activity against the microbes among other extracts. The result adds to the value of the plant in pharmaceutical field as an antimicrobial agent.
Role of 5HT1A Receptors in the Neuroprotective and Behavioral Effects of Cannabidiol in Hypoxic–Ischemic Newborn Piglets

Background: Hypoxic–ischemic (HI) insults have important deleterious consequences in newborns, including short-term morbidity with neuromotor and cognitive disturbances. Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated robust neuroprotective effects and shows anxiolytic/antidepressant effects as well. These effects are thought to be related to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5HT1AR) activation. We hereby aimed to study the role of 5HT1AR in the neuroprotective and behavioral effects of CBD in HI newborn piglets. Methods: 1-day-old piglets submitted to 30 min of hypoxia (FiO2 10%) and bilateral carotid occlusion were then treated daily with vehicle, CBD 1 mg/kg, or CBD with the 5HT1AR antagonist WAY 100635 1 mg/kg 72 h post-HI piglets were studied using amplitude-integrated EEG to detect seizures and a neurobehavioral test to detect neuromotor impairments. In addition, behavioral performance including social interaction, playful activity, hyperlocomotion, and motionless periods was assessed. Then, brain damage was assessed using histology (Nissl and TUNEL staining) and biochemistry (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Results: HI led to brain damage as assessed by histologic and biochemistry studies, associated with neuromotor impairment and increased seizures. These effects were not observed in HI piglets treated with CBD. These beneficial effects of CBD were not reversed by the 5HT1AR antagonist, which is in contrast with previous studies demonstrating that 5HT1AR antagonists eliminated CBD neuroprotection as assessed 6 h after HI in piglets. HI led to mood disturbances, with decreased social interaction and playfulness and increased hyperlocomotion. Mood disturbances were not observed in piglets treated with CBD, but in this case, coadministration of the 5HT1AR antagonist eliminates the beneficial effects of CBD. Conclusion: CBD prevented HI-induced mood disturbances in newborn piglets by acting on 5HT1AR. However, 5HT1AR activation seems to be necessary for CBD neuroprotection only in the first hours after HI.
The Association between Blood Concentrations of PCDD/DFs, DL-PCBs and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancer in South Korea

Background and Objectives: Epidemiological studies have inconsistently shown an association between dioxin and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer. This study aims to examine the effects of blood concentration of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) on T2DM and thyroid cancer. Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study within the Korean cancer prevention study-II (KCPS-II) consisting of 15 thyroid cancer cases, 30 T2DM cases, and 55 controls. A total of 500 samples were used in 100 pooling samples. An average value of a pooled sample was calculated weighted by the blood volume of each sample. Results: The study population included 100 participants from the KCPS-II (median (IQR) baseline age, 54.06 [21.04] years; 48 women). The toxic equivalents of PCDD/DFs showed a significant positive association with T2DM and thyroid cancer, after adjustments for potential confounders (T2DM ORs = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.05–1.43; thyroid cancer ORs = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.12–1.61). Conclusion: In this study, both T2DM and thyroid cancer were associated with the blood concentrations of PCDD/DFs. The association between PCDD/DFs and T2D was found among women but not among men. Our findings suggest that further biochemical in vivo research and epidemiologic studies are needed to clarify the association between dioxins concentrations and diseases.
I. A prescription for turbulence-regulated star formation and its impact on galaxy properties

Context . Star formation in galaxies is ine ﬃ cient, and understanding how star formation is regulated in galaxies is one of the most fundamental challenges of contemporary astrophysics. Radiative cooling, feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei (AGN), and large-scale dynamics and dissipation of turbulent energy act over various time and spatial scales and all regulate star formation in a complex gas cycle. Aims . This paper presents the physics implemented in a new semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution called the Galaxy Assembler from dark-matter Simulation ( G.A.S. ). Methods . The fundamental underpinning of our new model is the development of a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) in which energy produced by supernovae and AGN maintains an equilibrium between a di ﬀ use, hot, and stable gas and a cooler, clumpy, and low-volume ﬁlling factor gas. The hot gas is susceptible to thermal and dynamical instabilities. We include a description of how turbulence leads to the formation of giant molecular clouds through an inertial turbulent energy cascade, assuming a constant kinetic energy transfer per unit volume. We explicitly modelled the evolution of the velocity dispersion at di ﬀ erent scales of the cascade and accounted for thermal instabilities in the hot halo gas. Thermal instabilities e ﬀ ectively reduce the impact of radiative cooling and moderates accretion rates onto galaxies, and in particular, for those residing in massive haloes. Results . We show that rapid and multiple exchanges between di ﬀ use and unstable gas phases strongly regulates star formation rates in galaxies because only a small fraction of the unstable gas is forming stars. We checked that the characteristic timescales describing the gas cycle, gas depletion timescale, and star-forming laws at di ﬀ erent scales are in good agreement with observations. For high-mass haloes and galaxies, cooling is naturally regulated by the growth of thermal instabilities, so we do not need to implement strong AGN feedback in this model. Our results are also in good agreement with the observed stellar mass function from z (cid:39) 6 . 0 to z (cid:39) 0 . 5. Conclusion . Our model o ﬀ ers the ﬂexibility to test the impact of various physical processes on the regulation of star formation on a representative population of galaxies across cosmic times. Thermal instabilities and the cascade of turbulent energy in the dense gas phase introduce a delay between gas accretion and star formation, which keeps galaxy growth ine ﬃ cient in the early Universe. The main results presented in this paper, such as stellar mass functions, are available in the GALAKSIENN library.
Winning BOP consumers’ vote using effective political marketing communications within their social networks

ABSTRACT This study examines how political marketers use the BOP social networks to make their political marketing communications reach and influence the voters at the BOP (Bottom of Pyramid). For this study, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the 1004 responses from BOP voters in West Bengal, India. Despite their strong networks and ties, the findings suggest that BOP communities do not vote for the political party helping (social capital) or representing (social representation) them. They do so while their social networks persuades them to engage in clientelistic and coercive pressures. The empirical model explaining the complex relationship of the need for social capital and representation, perceived persuasion, clientelism, and coercion will help stakeholders working with the BOP segment to get a more nuanced understanding of their voting behavior. This understanding will help them formulate programs and policies to improve the socio-economic conditions at the BOP.
Comparison of a histone deacetylase inhibitor plus exemestane with exemestane alone in hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer that progressed on prior endocrine therapy: A meta-analysis

Currently, endocrine therapy is the standard treatment for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC). Despite the high sensitivity of anti-estrogen therapy, many breast cancer patients still experience disease progression, relapse, and reduced overall survival (OS) because of endocrine resistance. Several underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon include a change in hormone receptor expression, mutations in ESR1 and modification of important signaling pathways, but thus far none of these can be defined as the complete explanation. Additionally, it has been shown that in some breast cancers, expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) can be repressed by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, and this could be a mechanism for endocrine resistance. Interestingly, although the efficacy of the combination of histone deacetylase (HADC) inhibitors and exemestane in hormone receptor-positive ABC that progressed on prior endocrine therapy has been investigated in several studies, whether pharmacologic blocking of HDAC activity acts as a therapeutic strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an HDAC inhibitor plus exemestane vs. exemestane alone in this setting. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the combination group exhibited significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) [hazard ratio (HR)=0.776, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.675-0.892, P=0.000] and an improved objective response rate (ORR) (RR=1.612, 95% CI=1.085-2.396, P=0.018) compared to those treated with exemestane alone. Additionally, in terms of OS, the combination group failed to achieve a significant clinical OS benefit (HR=0.811, 95% CI=0.596-1.104, P=0.183). Although grade 3/4 toxicities were more common in the combination group, those toxicities were mostly asymptomatic and manageable. In conclusion, the addition of an HDAC inhibitor to exemestane significantly improves PFS over exemestane alone in hormone receptor-positive ABC patients who progressed on previous endocrine therapy. Identification of novel biomarkers to select patients who will benefit from this combination strategy is a high priority.
LAMINAR TUBE FLOW WITH ARBITRARY INTERNAL HEAT SOURCES AND WALL HEAT TRANSFER

An analysis is made to determine the heat transfer characteristics for laminar flow of a heat generating fluid in a circular tube with wall heat transfer. The internal heat generation is permitted to vary in an arbitrary manner both longitudically along the tube and radially across the section. In addition, arbitrary longitudinal variations in the wall heat transfer may be present. The results obtained apply along the entire length of the tube, that is, in the thermal entrance region as well as far down the tube. Numerical results are evaluated for certain special cases such as uniform and parabolic radial heat source distributions. (auth)
Ceftriaxone Injectables: An In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Comparative Efficacy

Aims: The objective of the current study was to compare the In Vitro efficacy of regionally produced brands of ceftriaxone with that of the global innovator brand. Therefore, a fact-based conclusion at the end of the study will serve to dispel any uncertainty regarding the efficacy of medications produced locally, whether they are inferior or equal in their comparative activity. Study Design: This study was In Vitro Lab based study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was performed in Riphah International University, Department of Pharmacy from July 2021 to August 2021. Methodology: Five regional brands and one international parent brand (Rocephin) were chosen. The multinational product was regarded as the standard. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aurogenosa were the four bacterial strains against which activities were tested. Antibiotics' zone of inhibition was measured using the agar well method, and their minimum inhibitory concentration was identified using the broth dilution method. Results: All tested brands showed effectiveness against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aurogenosa.Some of the brands at some point showed more In Vitro efficacy than the standard brand. Conclusion: Health care professionals can be confident in prescribing locally manufactured brands that have equivalent efficacy to their international counterparts based on the findings of the study. Healthcare professionals can suggest the generic brand in population where medicine cost is directly affecting the patients adherence to therapeutic regimen.
Analysis of correlation between vegetation cover density and urban index in Surakarta to support urban area sustainability

The population of Surakarta has increased, putting pressure on vegetation and increasing demand for land availability. The population reached 500,173 people in 2010. The population trend is increasing every year so that the need for land as a place to live and living facilities also increases. This study aims to analyze the relationship between canopy density and the urban index in a 5 year period (2010 – 2015). The method used in assessing the density of the vegetation canopy is the calculation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the urban index. The calculation of the two index values uses Landsat 8 OLI satellite image data in 2015. The results show that the value of canopy density is inversely proportional to the value of urban index. The higher value of canopy density in Surakarta is followed by the lower value of urban index. The relationship between both is very close, marked by very high correlation and determination coefficient values, namely -0.98 and 0.97. Research on canopy density and urban index on a regular basis is expected to be part of the process of monitoring and evaluating urban area development and as input for local governments in the decision-making process.
Detailed analysis of risk-taking in association with impulsivity and aggression in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type I

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the associations of risk-taking, aggression, and impulsivity as well as risk adjustment in bipolar I patients (BD-I). 50 BD-I patients and age- and education-matched healthy controls (HC) were compared by using a modified Balloon Analogue Risk Task (m-BART) , Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11(BIS-11), and Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). BD-I performed worse than HC in terms of risk-taking measures. However, the risk adjustment pattern in the BD-I group was similar to HC. BIS-11 scores were positively correlated with risk-taking after unsuccessful trials. The BPAQ scores were positively correlated with the number of exploded balloons and the maximum number of pumps while negatively correlated with reaction time. This study supported risk-taking as a robust feature of BD-I. These results may reflect that higher risk-taking may be due to impulsivity and also aggression may be associated with undesired outcomes of risk-taking. However, decision-making/adjustment abilities seem to be preserved.
Failures of Cu-Cu Joints under Temperature Cycling Tests

In this study, the failure mechanisms of Cu-Cu joints under thermal cycling were investigated. Two structures of dielectrics (PBO/underfill/PBO and SiO2) were employed to seal the joints. Stress gradients induced in the joints with the different dielectrics were simulated using a finite element method (FEM) and correlated with experimental observations. We found that interfacial voids were forced to move in the direction from high stress regions to low stress ones. The locations of migrated voids varied with the dielectric structures. Under thermal cycling, such voids were likely to move forward to the regions with a small stress change. They relocated and merged with their neighboring voids to lower the interfacial energy.