Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Microfoundations of State Cybersecurity: Cyber Risk Perceptions and the Mass Public

Cybersecurity represents a unique national security challenge for states: data breaches with the potential for national, macro-level consequences are most likely to occur at the micro-level, originating through the security errors of individual computer users. Thus, aspects of national cybersecurity can often critically depend on the personal attitudes and behavior of average citizens connecting online. However, to date, theories of state cybersecurity have almost exclusively focused on the macro-level, and very little is known about how the mass public reacts to—and protects themselves from—cybersecurity threats. This study addresses this gap, drawing on psychological theories of risk perception to explain why the public simultaneously reports great concern about cybersecurity, yet does little to protect their personal safety online. Using a novel survey experiment, we examine how exposure to different types of data breaches impacts citizens’ cyber risk assessments, personal online behavior, and support for various national cybersecurity policies. We find that baseline concerns about cybersecurity and knowledge about safe online practices are very low. However, exposure to a personally relevant data breach heightens risk perception and increases willingness to engage in safer online practices. But these effects are circumscribed—actual online behavior is more resistant to change. These results have important implications for the design of effective state cybersecurity policy.
Effects of environmental factors on growth and mortality of raft cultivated mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) cultivated in lantern nets in Black Sea.

One-year old rope grown mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) were held in three experimental lantern nets in raft system outside of Sinop Harbour. Mortality and growth were monitored from May 2005 to May 2006. Water temperature, salinity, transparency and food availability (total particulate matter, particulate organic matter, particulate inorgnic matter and Chlorophyll-a) were also determined. The monthly specific growth rate (SGR%) ranged 1.50-5.72% with a mean of 2.59±0.30%. Shell length increment was found as 13.67 mm and reached to 51.20±0.50 mm. The live weight increment was found 7.91 g, and mussels reached to 12.61±0.39 g. Meat yield ranged from 17.51 to 24.25% with a mean of 21.12±0.63%. Cumulative mortality was higher in winter than spring and summer. Monthly mortality was found maximum with 5.2% in October. This study is the first known experiment to collect data on effect of environmental factors on mussel growth and natural mortality in lantern nets and raft system in the Black Sea.
TNF-α Regulates Transforming Growth Factor-α Expression in Regenerating Murine Liver and Isolated Hepatocytes

TNF-α is a pleotropic proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated as a contributing factor in a number of disease processes, primarily through its ability to induce the expression of inflammatory and cytotoxic mediators. TNF-α is also involved in cell growth accompanying the healing process in multiple organ systems and influences liver repair following hepatotoxic damage or regeneration following partial hepatectomy. In this respect, TNF-α is a known mitogen for hepatocytes. In this paper we describe a novel role for TNF-α in the modulation of expression of TGF-α, the latter being a complete hepatocyte mitogen. TNF-α directly up-regulates TGF-α mRNA by up to 7-fold in isolated mouse hepatocytes, whereas neutralization of TNF-α significantly decreased liver mRNA and protein expression of TGF-α following chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. That TNF-α directly stimulated TGF-α was suggested by the inability of either anti-IL-6 Abs or cycloheximide to inhibit TNF-α-induced TGF-α expression in hepatocytes. However, in the presence of anti-TGF-α neutralizing Abs, the mitogenic activity of TNF-α is abrogated. Using cells transfected with the TGF-α promoter, and an RNA polymerase inhibitor, it was shown that TNF-α modulates TGF-α expression through both pre- and posttranscriptional events. Taken together, these data suggest that TNF-α participates in liver repair and regeneration, in part, by directly inducing the expression of TGF-α.
Response of different potato cultivars to the presence of Nacobbus aberrans.

Nacobbus aberrans occurs in temperate and subtropical areas of South and North America. In Argentina, the species is widely distributed although accurate knowledge of the host range is unknown for many populations. In this work the reproductive capacity of three Argentine populations of different geographical origin was evaluated on four potato cultivars (Spunta, Kennebec, Colorada, and Asterix); histological studies were conducted on root tissues of inoculated plants from each cultivar. Two N. aberrans populations from Cordoba province were not able to reproduce on those cultivars; no evidence of the nematode presence was detected in root tissues. The remaining population, which was from Catamarca province, induced gall formation in all cultivars. Histological studies showed hyperplastic parenchymatous tissue occupying the central cylinder of invaded roots. In the same zone, syncytia developed closely associated with females of the nematode. The results showed different responses of potato cultivars to the presence of the N. aberrans populations. Nacobbus aberrans esta presente en areas templadas y subtropicales de America del Sur y del Norte. En Argentina posee una amplia distribucion y, por el momento, se desconoce el rango preciso de hospedadores de muchas poblaciones. En este trabajo se evaluo la capacidad de reproduccion de tres poblaciones argentinas de diferente origen geografico sobre cultivares de papa (Spunta, Kennebec, Colorada y Asterix) y se realizaron estudios histologicos en las raices de esas plantas. Dos poblaciones de la provincia de Cordoba no fueron capaces de multiplicarse en papa; en los tejidos radicales no se detectaron evidencias de la presencia del nematodo. La otra poblacion, proveniente de la provincia de Catamarca, indujo la formacion de agallas en todos los vegetales. Los estudios histologicos mostraron tejido hiperplasico con caracteristicas parenquimaticas ocupando el cilindro central de las raices infectadas. En la misma zona, se desarrollaron los sincitios en estrecha relacion con las hembras del nematodo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre cultivares de papa frente a las poblaciones de N. aberrans consideradas.
A Referenced Empirical Ground-Motion Model for Arias Intensity and Cumulative Absolute Velocity Based on the NGA-East Database

In this study, we use the referenced empirical method of Atkinson (2008) to develop a ground-motion model (GMM) for estimating Arias intensity (IA) and cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) for the central and eastern North America. We use Campbell and Bozorgnia (2019) as the reference model. To achieve the objectives of this study, we begin with computing the geometric mean of the IA and CAV from the two as-recorded horizontal components of the motion for the recording motions in the Next Generation Attenuation-East strong-motion database. Then, we calculate the residuals of Campbell and Bozorgnia (2019) reference GMM for both IA and CAV. Next, we use the mixed-effect regression approach introduced by Abrahamson and Youngs (1992) to define adjustment factors to the Campbell and Bozorgnia (2019) model. Finally, we evaluate the proposed referenced empirical model by performing a set of residual analyses and comparing model predictions with observed data. The proposed model shows no apparent residual trend for magnitude or distance and implicitly accounts for the site term using the site factors proposed by Campbell and Bozorgnia (2019) model. The valid distance and magnitude range of the proposed model is the same as the selected reference model. In addition, we consider our new model to be applicable for time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the upper 30 m (VS30) between 150 and 2000 m/s.
Effect of dietary essential oils and/or humic acids on broiler performance, microbial population of intestinal content and antibody titres in the summer season.

This study was conducted to observe the effect of essantial oils and/or humic acids in broilers reared farm condition (without suitable techical equipment) during summer season. A total of two hundred male chicks broilers (Ross-308) aged one day were weighed and randomly allocated to five treatment groups each containing 40 chicks. Each grop was divided into four replicate. Chicks were assigned to the basal diet (CON) and the basal diet supplemented with 250 ppm antibiotic (ANTI), 1000 ppm essential oils (EO), 1500 ppm humic acids (H) and combination of same levels of EO plus humic acids (EO+H) diet until 42 days of age, respectively. The colony forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli in the digesta of birds fed either the diet supplemented antibiotic and the diet supplemented with essential oils and/or humic acids were significantly lower than in those given control. However, inclusion of essential oil and/or humic acids increased the CFU of Lactobacilli compare to those antibiotic supplementing. Antibody titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were tending to numerically increase in all supplemental diets. At the end of the experiment, essential oils and/or humic acids did not show favorable effect in animal performance. Supplements did not alter the carcass traits.
The relationship between women's entrepreneurship practice, ICT adoption, and business performance in Malaysia and Indonesia

This paper highlights the specific variables of women entrepreneurship for women in Malaysia and Indonesia. An interdisciplinary literature review result in identification of previous studies suggesting positive relationship between women entrepreneurship practice, ICT adoption and business performance. A conceptual framework is then developed, the concept of six WEP dimension (entrepreneurial traits, entrepreneurial experience, management skill, customer relation, training and education and environment); two ICT adoption dimension (e-commerce and m-commerce); and two BP measures (financial performance and non-financial performance). The conceptual framework linked different constructs from empirical study in the literature to the explanatory variable relative to women entrepreneur in Malaysia and Indonesia. The implication of this study is expected to highlighting the importance of WEP and the role of ICT adoption for BP and clarifies which practices approaches are valuable. In future, a research model will be developed by testing the proposed conceptual framework using structural equation modelling (SEM).
The Effect of Risk of Maturation Failure and Access Type on Arteriovenous Access-Related Costs among Hemodialysis Patients.

Background Several studies report lower costs associated with attaining and maintaining patency for arteriovenous (AV) fistulas as compared to AV grafts among patients receiving hemodialysis. However, these costs may vary according to the AV access's risk of failure to mature (FTM). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of AV access type and risk of FTM on the total costs of attaining and maintaining AV access patency over 1, 3, and 5 years postcreation, among incident accesses. Methods All first AV access creations (January 1, 2002-January 1, 2018), revisions/resections, and interventions from a single academic institution were prospectively captured. The units costs (from 2011 in CA$) were estimated primarily through the provincial patient Ontario Case Costing Initiative database. The present value of total vascular access-related costs from a third-party payer perspective was calculated by multiplying specific unit costs by the number of AV access creations, revisions/resections, and interventions from the date of creation to 1, 3, and 5 years post creation. The potential associations of AV access type and FTM risk stratum with AV access cost were examined using log-linear models and generalized estimating equations. Results A total of 906 patients were included in the study, of which 696 had fistulas and 210 had grafts. The median present value of total costs to attain and maintain AV access over 1, 3, and 5 years was positively associated with the highest FTM risk stratum in all models. It was not associated with AV access type when the interaction between AV access type and FTM risk stratum was considered. Conclusions The costs of attaining and maintaining AV access were increased among patients with high/very high FTM risk. Risk of FTM, related interventions, and costs should be considered when choosing vascular access type for an individual patient.
Post Bauxite Mining Land Soil Characteristics and Its Effects on the Growth of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes and Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr.

The remediation of opencast bauxite mines in the natural forests of Indonesia is difficult. We have investigated and contrasted the chemical characteristics of soils from natural forests and mining sites and their effects on plant growth. The soil pH, total carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) concentrations, cation exchange capacity, C/N ratio, and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman were then grown in these soils for 15 weeks, and their shoot heights, shoot dry weights, and root dry weights determined. The post bauxite mining soils’ N, C, and available P concentrations and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations decreased by 75, 75.7, 15.7, 92, 100, and 52%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The shoot and root dry weights of F. moluccana when grown in the post bauxite mining soils were also lower than those from the natural forest soils. However, there was no difference in the shoot and root dry weights of A. saman when grown in the two soil types. The results suggest that opencast mining decreases the soil fertility, which in turn inhibits the initial growth of tree seedlings, and reduces the carbon stock in the land.
Subseafloor archaeal communities: from the surface to a deep hot biosphere ?

The sub-seafloor biosphere may contain two thirds of Earth's total prokaryotic biomass. The large and active microbial populations buried in the sub-seafloor play a key role in global biogeochemical cycles. However, little is known about these prokaryotic communities. The depth limit of this sub-seafloor biosphere is still unreached, and elevated temperatures as well as insufficient energy sources are the likely factors limiting life at depth. Interestingly, archaeal communities with unknown physiologies and no cultured relatives seem to have a key role in deep marine sediments and hydrothermal ecosystems. As most deep biosphere microorganisms detected so far have been extremely resistant to cultivation, molecular approaches remain to date the most appropriate tools for the analysis of the overall prokaryotic communities in sub-surface environments. In order to determine the main environmental factor driving the archaeal diversity in the sub-seafloor, the present study is mainly focused on the comparison of the 16S rRNA (RNA- or DNA- derived) and functional gene diversity associated with four different sub-seafloor ecosystems: deep coastal, margin and open-ocean sediments, and hydrothermal environment. The present study (i) shows the distribution of the archaeal communities within different biogeochemical habitats, (ii) reveals new phylogenetic lineages, (iii) proposes a different definition of the deep sub-surface, (iii) expands the known sub-seafloor biosphere to at least 1,626 meters below seafloor. The archaeal lineages seem to be specifically distributed from the surface to the deep sub-subsurface according to the physical and chemical conditions. In higher temperature environments, such as very deep sub-surface sediments, or in hydrothermal environments, putative (hyper)thermophilic Archaea may represent indicators of a deep hot biosphere.
The Effect of Capital Structure and Intellectual Capital on Corporate Value with Financial Performance as Intervening Variable

 emasdupi@gmail.com Abstract This paper aims to see whether there is an influence of capital and intellectual structure on financial performance and firm value. The sample in this study used a purposive sampling method in order to obtain a final sample of 32 companies in the consumer goods industry with an observation period of 2012-2018. The type of data in this study uses secondary data. The study uses path analysis, the results of the study show that capital structure and intellectual capital variables have an influence on financial performance but do not have an effect on
The Parity of Crowdinvestment and Venture Transactions Market of Selected Countries

Subject. This article is devoted to the relationship between the new tool for promoting innovation-oriented projects crowdinvesting, which is a promising direction for financing high-risk innovative projects, and the venture capital market in individual countries of the world, which is caused by the relevance and controversy of scientific views in solving emerging problems in the development prospects. this phenomenon in the modern economy. Crowdinvesting as a way of attracting capital-generating investments is a new phenomenon, which is practically unexplored in Russian science, which makes the topic of research particularly relevant. Intention. Analysis of the categorical approach of crowdinvesting, identifying its strengths and weaknesses, determining the prospects for the development of the domestic crowdinvesting market, taking into account foreign experience. Methodology. Used comparative analysis, scientific knowledge and methods based on logical reasoning. Results. A study of the types and forms of crowdinvesting and the foreign legal aspects of its regulation highlighted the advantages weaknesses and the role of crowdinvesting as a source of alternative financing for innovation. Analysis of European statistics allowed make a conclusion about the increased importance of alternative financial sources and, in particular, equity investments. In Russia, equity investing for now has not found wide application. Further development of equity investments is related to the organization secure payment systems, providing a regulatory framework and information support for alternative sources of funding. Findings. The study may be helpful in terms of how expanding the possibilities of financing innovation, and consider equity investments as a factor in macroeconomic growth.
Planktonic and non-planktonic rotifers in two environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Investigations were carried out for the composition and occurrence of rotifer taxa of different forms and sizes during two distinct hydrological periods, in two environments (river and lake). Two sampling stations were established in open water of each environments. Surface samples were taken daily for 14 days. The faunistic similarity between the environments was established using Jaccard's index. One hundred and fourty three taxa were identified. The largest number of taxa was recorded in the river. Faunistic similarity between these environments was greater during high water. The planktonic taxa predominated and the difference for the non-planktonic ones was not marked. Non-planktonic taxa predominated in the river, while both types were numerous in the lake. We observed a larger number of smaller-sized taxa in both environments (> 200µm to 600µm in length). This was related to the shallowest depths and to current velocity, which moved benthic and periphytic taxa from the bottom and littoral zone into the water column.
Utilization of Carbohydrates by Nannotrigona (Scaptotrigona) Postica

SummaryThe utilization of certain carbohydrates by Nannotrigona postica was studied. Bees survived on glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, melezitose or sorbitol, but not on arabinose, galactose, sorbose, lactose, raffinose or dulcitol. Xylose and mannitol were suitable only when mixed with sucrose; evidently they were tasteless to the bees but utilizable by them. None of the carbohydrates was toxic at a concentration of 7·5%.
Nutritional evaluation of raw meat and whole prey diets for domestic and exotic cats

Our objective was to evaluate raw-meat diets for captive exotic and domestic carnivores containing traditional and alternative raw meat sources, specifically, beef trimmings (BE), bison trimmings (BI), elk muscle meat (E), and horse trimmings (H). We aimed to examine: diet composition and protein quality; standardized AA digestibility utilizing the cecectomized rooster assay; apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility in domestic cats (DOM), African wildcats (AWC), jaguars (JAG), and Malayan tigers (MT); and metabolizable energy, N balance, and fecal fermentative end-products in DOM. Due to variation in the meat sources, dietary proximate, AA, and long-chain fatty acid composition were variable. Our analyses indicated that all diets were lower than recommendations for essential fatty acids, and the E diet (i.e., trimmed muscle meat) was deficient in total fat. Standardized AA digestibilities measured utilizing the cecectomized rooster assay were high (> 87%). Utilizing the National Research Council minimum requirements for the growth of kittens, the first limiting AA in all diets was the combined requirement of methionine + cysteine (AA score: 81 to 95; protein digestibility corrected AA score: 75 to 90). All diets were highly digestible (88 to 89% OM digestibility). Despite differences in protein concentrations and N intake, all raw meats tested maintained N metabolism in domestic cats. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of diet or felid species on apparent total tract dry matter (85 to 87%), organic matter (86 to 91%), or gross energy (90 to 91%) digestibilities. Apparent crude protein digestibility was greater (P ≤ 0.05) by cats fed E (97%) as compared to those fed BI (96%), and greater (P ≤ 0.05) in AWC (97%) and DOM (97%) compared to MT
Comparative effect of exopolysaccharides produced in situ or added as bioingredients on Dahi properties.

The experiment was planned to study the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced in situ or added as bioingredients on technological properties of fat-free Dahi. EPS producing Lactococcus lactis strains B6 & KT24 previously isolated from fermented milk products were used to obtain EPS powder and produce EPS during fermentation (in situ) of milk. Fat-free Dahi was prepared from reconstituted skim milk (12% DM) fermented by EPS negative culture and added EPS as well as in situ EPS producing cultures. Addition of higher amount of EPS powder at 800 mg/L did not control whey separation, improve adhesiveness and stickiness of Dahi. Fat-free Dahi containing added EPS powder was firmer and required higher shearing force. On the other hand in situ EPS producing L. lactis subsp. lactis B6 and KT 24 significantly (P<0.05) reduced whey separation and improved rheological properties. Dahi made by in situ EPS culture was more adhesive and sticky; the parameters are important for description of mouthfeel. Incorporation of in situ EPS producing culture in to Dahi observed to be better approach than adding EPS externally as bioingredient.