Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ethanol and Temperature on the Biological Aging of Sherry Wines

The film formed by flor yeasts on the surface of "fino" sherry wines was studied over a period of two years. The periodic analyses of this film indicated that temperature and ethanol strongly influenced its state. When a critical value established at 22.5°C and 15% ethanol was exceeded, the yeast layer becomes deteriorated. The deterioration of the yeast film correlated with a significant increase in the proportion of respiratory-deficient ( rho - ) mutants. These mutants lack the ability to form a velum, indicating that aerobic metabolism is required for flor yeasts to develop this characteristic. In addition, it suggests that the appearance of such mutants by elevated temperatures may contribute to the deterioration of the yeast layer. Once formed, the yeast film kept stable after the induction of 100% rho - cells with ethidium bromide, indicating that the velum is a long-life biological structure at temperature lower than 20°C. This result also suggests that the induction of rho - mutants by ethanol and elevated temperature is not the only mechanism leading to velum deterioration by ethanol and temperature on sherry wines.
Body size and reproductive success of drones (Apis mellifera L)

On a etudie sur un lieu de rassemblement de mâles (LRM) la repartition des mâles de la race A m carnica en fonction de leur taille et de leur succes reproductive Des mâles de petite taille ont ete eleves dans des cellules d'ouvrieres, alors que les mâles de grande taille provenaient des cellules de mâles (tableau III). La mutation recessive cordovan (cd) a ete utilisee comme marqueur genetique. Tandis que les mâles (+) presentaient une couleur du corps foncee, les mâles (cd) etaient reconnaissables a leur coloration brun clair. Les recherches ont porte sur deux annees consecutives au cours desquelles on a fait varie la composition de la population de mâles (tableau I). Pour etablir la repartition des deux types de mâles sur le LRM on a procede regulierement a des captures (fig 2). On n'a pas note de difference significative dans la repartition tant dans l'espace (horizontalement et verticalement) que dans le temps des deux types de mâles sur le LRM (tableaux IV, V et VI). Des reines vierges homozygotes (cd/cd) ont ete introduites proximite du LRM et ont effectue leur vol de fecondation au-dessus de celui-ci. Les ouvrieres issues de ces reines ont ete classees en fonction de la couleur de leur corps, caracteristique qui permet de connaitre la frequence d'accouplement (tableau II). La comparaison de l'analyse de la descendance avec la composition des mâles sur le LRM a donne les resultats suivants (tableau VI) : i) les petits mâles ont un succes reproductif moindre que les gros mâles ; ii) les gros mâles (cd) ont un avantage reproductif vis-a-vis des gros mâles (+). Les gros mâles ne se differencient des petits ni par la duree de vol, ni par la repartition sur le LRM, ni par la quantite de sperme produit; leur superiorite reproductrice pourrait etre due au fait qu'il reussissent mieux lors de la concurrence pour l'approche de la reine au cours du vol de fecondation. Ceci conduit a poser la question de la valeur adaptative de la production de mâles de petite taille. Le pourcentage de petits mâles au sein d'une population naturelle de mâles sur un LRM en Allemagne est d'environ 9 %. (Berg, 1991). Les petis mâles, qui sont produits durant toute la periode de couvain, pourraient avoir de l'importance avant le debut et a la fin de la periode de fecondation, moments ou la presence et la production des gros mâles diminue fortement. La concurrence etant moindre, les petits mâles pourraient alors jouer un role dans la fecondation des reines issues de cellules royales de supersedure (en dehors de la periode de fecondation).
Models of open populations with space-limited recruitment: extension of theory and application to the barnacle Chthamalus montagui.

1. Barnacles are a good model organism for the study of open populations with space-limited recruitment. These models are applicable to other species with open supply of new individuals and resource limitation. The inclusion of space in models leads to reductions in recruitment with increasing density, and thus predictions of population size and stability are possible. 2. Despite the potential generality of a demographic theory for open space-limited populations, the models currently have a narrow empirical base. In this study, a model for an open population with space-limited recruitment was extended to include size-specific survival and promotions to any size class. The assumptions of this model were tested using data from a pan-European study of the barnacle Chthamalus montagui Southward. Two models were constructed: a 6-month model and a periodic annual model. Predicted equilibria and their stabilities were compared between shores. 3. Tests of model assumptions supported the extension of the theory to include promotions to any size class. Mortality was found to be size-specific and density independent. Studied populations were open, with recruitment proportional to free space. 4. The 6-month model showed a significant interaction between time and location for equilibrium free space. This may have been due to contrasts in the timing of structuring processes (i.e. creating and filling space) between Mediterranean and Atlantic systems. Integration of the 6-month models into a periodic annual model removed the differences in equilibrium-free space between locations. 5. Model predictions show a remarkable similarity between shores at a European scale. Populations were persistent and all solutions were stable. This reflects the apparent absence of density-dependent mortality and a high adult survivorship in C montagui. As populations are intrinsically stable, observations of fluctuations in density are directly attributable to variations in the environmental forcing of recruitment or mortality.
Comparative Evaluation of Two Tilapias as Pondfishes in Alabama

Abstract The Java tilapia, Tilapia, mossambica, is a very efficient pondfish. Total production in ponds stocked with brood fish varied with different rates of feeding from 1,477.1 pounds per acre in 168 days to 4,383.9 pounds per acre in 191 days. Total production varied from 771.1 pounds per acre in 123 days in ponds stocked with 4,000 fingerlings to 2,945.7 pounds per acre in 111 days in those stocked with 20,000 fingerlings. The Nile tilapia, Tilapia nilotica, in limited tests with feeding, yielded a maximum of 4,003.7 pounds per acre in 208 days with adult stocking and 2,380 pounds per acre in 113 days with a stocking of 16,000 fingerlings. Combinations of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and the Java tilapia produced a higher percentage of harvestable-sized tilapia (6 inches or more) and a smaller total production than tilapia used alone. Highest production of harvestable fish was obtained by delaying stocking of bass until August, when many tilapias were too large to be eaten. Tilapias spawne.
Restoration of Coral Reefs in Pacific Costa Rica

Abstract: Loss and degradation of coral reef habitats are increasing in the eastern Pacific. Intense, frequent natural and human-induced disturbances have devastated most reefs in this region during the last decade. Slow recovery combined with intense bioerosion has led to extensive destruction of the reef frameworks. At some reefs along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, 100% mortality of the dominant coral (Pocillopora spp.) occurred in shallow water. Surviving individuals for some pocilloporid species are extremely small, and reef recovery by sexual or asexual means has been lowered A restoration experiment was conducted in two different shallow habitats inside a marine biological reserve. Coral fragments (n = 110) imported from nearby reefs were transplanted onto dead reef frameworks, and after three years, survivorship was 79%–83%. Furthermore, fragmentation caused a 41%–115% increase in new colonies. These results suggest that coral transplantation for reef management and restoration is a feasible tool in the eastern Pacific region.
Analysis of Rice Grain Quality-Associated Quantitative Trait Loci by Using Genetic Mapping

The main objective of this research was to identify quantitative trait loci associated with rice qualities to provide reliable information for marker-assisted selection and development of new varieties. In total, 120 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed by another culture from the F1 hybrid of a cross between “Cheongcheong”, a Tongil variety, and “Nagdong”, a japonica variety, were used. A microsatellite linkage map of 222 markers spanned 2082.4 centimorgans (cM) and covered 12 rice chromosomes with an average interval of 9.4cM between markers. Eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were associated with rice quality, consisting of two QTLs on chromosomes 1 and 9 for amylose content; three QTLs on chromosomes 8, 9, and 10 for protein content; and three QTLs on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6 for lipid content. PCR expression levels measured using the SSR markers RM23914 for proteins and RM6266 for lipids, and RM586 showed a higher degree of amplification. The present study should be useful for improving the nutritional quality of rice by means of marker-assisted selection.
Angiotensin II and αvβ3 Integrin Expression in Rat Neonatal Cardiac Fibroblasts

Abstract —We recently demonstrated that α v β 3 integrins are involved in the mechanisms of angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced DNA synthesis and collagen gel contractions in rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs), cellular mechanisms that are relevant for cardiac remodeling. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of Ang II and other growth factors on the regulation of the α v β 3 integrins in fibroblasts from neonatal rat hearts. The α v β 3 integrin receptor expression was significantly increased ( P 1 (TGF-β 1 ), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for 8 and 16 hours. The surface expression of the α v and β 3 integrin subunits was elevated after 32 and 48 hours ( P v β 3 integrin (both P v β 3 integrin but was mainly mediated by an α v β 5 integrin. Relevant in vivo expression of α v β 3 integrin by CFBs was confirmed with in situ hybridization with probes for α v and β 3 mRNA in rat hearts. The present study demonstrates that the expression of α v β 3 integrin is augmented by Ang II, PDGF, and TGF-β 1 in neonatal CFBs. Furthermore, this integrin is involved in the chemotaxis, motility, and adhesion of CFBs. The present findings support the current concept that integrins participate in the control of fibroblast behavior during cardiac remodeling mechanisms.
Influence of Carbon Source, Oxygen Concentration, Light Intensity, and Temperature on 13C/12C Ratios in Plant Tissues

Isotopic differences in source carbon are reflected in the 13C/12C ratios of plant tissues; thus, greenhouse- or growth-chamber-grown plants usually have less 13C than field-grown plants of the same species due to recycling of respired CO2. Sea grasses grown in artificial seawater under greenhouse conditions reflected a 5-9? depletion in 13C relative to the same species from Redfish Bay. Changes in the temperature or light intensity at which plants grew also resulted in changes in isotopic ratios. In general, isotopic fractionation was less at optimal growth conditions for a given ecotype. As deviation from optimal conditions became great, the isotopic fractionation increased with a limit of 4 or 5 per mil. Environmental parameters did not seem to transform C4 plants into C3 plants, and vice versa. Xanthium populations from various worldwide localities and hybrids between the populations, compared for differences in response to variations in growth conditions, presented an isotopic response to temperature that was not linear. Genetic control of photosynthetic physiology seemed precise enough to be detected by the isotopic technique.
Nitric Oxide Protects Photosynthetic Capacity Inhibition by Salinity in Indian Mustard

The potential of nitric oxide (NO) was studied individually or in combination for the alleviation of 100 mM NaCl stress in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Salinity generally decreased photosynthesis and growth characteristics. The individual application of NO at 50 μM and 100 μM promoted and enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency and growth, but under salinity stress the application of 100 μM NO was proved more efficacious than 50 μM in alleviating salt stress by limiting the accumulation of NaCl content of ions and reducing oxidative stress. However, application of high (150 μM) concentrations of NO showed inhibitory results in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. These results indicated that the application of NO at 100 μM alleviates the salt-induced decrease in photosynthesis mainly through decreasing chlorophyll degradation or by increasing PS II efficiency, rubisco activity and net photosynthesis along with growth.
Recent developments in human papillomavirus diagnosis and therapy in genital neoplasia

Infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is casually associated with the development of cervical cancer and other anogenital neoplasia. There is increasing evidence of a wider association with other epithelial cancers. The availability of recombinant molecular biological techniques has circumvented the difficulties in studying the virus life cycle that is critically dependent on the differentiation of the epithelial target cell. From an understanding of the virology and cell biology of HPV infection, prospects for diagnostic and screening procedures in cervical neoplasia are being tested. The prize is the cost effective estimation of risk from HPV infection. New approaches need to be compared to existing and proven, although not perfect, smear test screening methods for prevention of cervical cancer. Novel research and development activities aimed at treating HPV infections in early premalignant lesions are utilising aspects of interference with early viral gene expression, or their co-ordinate cellular targets. Many immunological approaches with the goal of prevention of infection (prophylactic vaccination) or therapy of early cervical lesions are being tested. A virus-like particle composed of HPV L1 or L1/L2 capsid proteins, formulated to generate neutralising antibodies, is a key technology. Chimeric variations delivering other target antigens that can stimulate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity may have wider applications in cancer treatments. Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at treating late stage disease by optimising the stimulation of CTL versus HPV oncogenes is another major area of activity. Clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of some of these inventions are in progress.
Phylogenetic and mixed Yule‐coalescent analyses reveal cryptic lineages within two South American marine snails of the genus Crepipatella (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae)

The presence of sibling species within the marine gastropod genus Crepipatella has complicated the taxonomy of members of the group. Since the establishment of the genus, 15 species have been described, but recent studies have indicated that there are only five valid species, two of which inhabit the coasts of Chile, namely C. dilatata and C. fecunda. The two species are morphologically indistinguishable as adults, but can be differentiated on the basis of their encapsulated developmental stages. The primary aim of this study was to reconstruct phylogeny within the genus, and to establish species limits of C. dilatata and C. fecunda, using mitochondrial DNA data. To this end, we used maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference to reconstruct phylogenies using 589 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The mtDNA phylogenies were then used as input in a general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) analysis to estimate species boundaries. In addition, quarter likelihood mapping was used to test a posteriori the confidence of inner branch patterns in the phylogenetic tree. Both DNA tree-based and GMYC methods provide support for five isolated lineages within this species complex. Our data also suggest that Late Pleistocene and Holocene fragmentation and subsequent range expansion events may have shaped contemporary genetic patterns of Crepipatella in South America.
Cationic peroxidase related to basal resistance of Betula platyphylla var. japonica plantlet No. 8 against canker-rot fungus Inonotus obliquus strain IO-U1

This study investigated the time-course changes of the in situ peroxidase (POD) distribution and expression of POD isozymes in Betula platyphylla var. japonica plantlet No. 8 infected with a canker-rot fungus, Inonotus obliquus strain IO-U1. Intact (C1), wounded (C2), and infected (T) plantlets were collected at 2 h up to 30 d. In situ POD activity was detected in the C2 and T plantlets, and the POD activity in the T plantlets was more widely distributed compared to the C2 plantlets. In addition, the area of POD activity localization was almost the same as that of phenolic compounds, although a time lag was found between the appearance of POD activity and phenolic compounds. POD isozymes were clearly detected within the basic range (pI>8.5) in isoelectric focusing electropherograms. The activity of cationic POD isozymes in the C2 and T plantlets was induced strongly compared to the C1 plantlets. In addition, the pattern of time-course changes in the activities of in situ POD and POD isozymes was different between the C2 and T plantlets, suggesting that the responsive mechanisms against fungal infection are different from the responses to wounding. The obtained results suggest that cationic POD isozymes are related to the basal resistance in B. platyphylla var. japonica plantlet No.8 against infection with I. obliquus strain IO-U1.
Phosphorus forms and behaviors in selected heavily fertilized soils

The objective of this study was to characterize the heavily fertilized soils of northern Iran for their phosphorus (P) fractions and sorption properties for assessing their P availability status in order to minimize P applications and to reduce the danger of P loss to water sources. Different P fractions, namely, total, organic, inorganic, water extractable, and NH4-lactate extractable P varied widely among the studied soils, indicating a wide variability of P supplying capacity of these soils. High values of degree of phosphorus saturation were observed in soils with low amounts of organic carbon (C) and may indicate high P susceptibility to surface runoff and leaching. The maximum P buffering capacity (MPBC) and adsorption isotherm of P were highest in the sandy clay soil from Jamaleddinkola, which also contained high amounts of iron (Fe), aluminium (Al) and clay particles, and lowest in sandy soil from Deseleh, which contained very high initial NH4-lactate extractable P and the lowest content of Fe, Al, silt and clay among all the studied soils. The results suggest the importance of accounting for soil properties (especially soil texture and organic matter) along with soil P adsorption capacity when assessing the efficiency of applied P, P accumulation in soils and subsequently P nutrient management.
Differences in Shoot Boron Concentrations, Leaf Symptoms, and Yield of Turkish Barley Cultivars Grown on Boron‐Toxic Soil in Field

Abstract Using 10 barley Turkish cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) field experiments were carried out on soils containing normal and very high soluble boron (B) concentration to study genotypic variation in tolerance to B toxicity in soil and the relationships between the shoot or leaf concentrations of B, severity of B‐toxicity symptoms and yield. As judged by differences in degree of severity of B‐toxicity symptoms on leaves and in reduction of shoot dry weight or grain yield there was a substantial genotypic variation in tolerance to B toxicity in soil. Among the barley cultivars examined Hamidiye and Bülbül were the most sensitive, and Anadolu and Tarm‐92 the most tolerant. The differences in tolerance to B toxicity showed a very close relationship to the severity of B‐toxicity symptoms, but not at all to shoot or leaf concentrations of B. Despite the distinct differences in sensitivity to B toxicity, B‐tolerant, and B‐sensitive cultivars had very similar tissue concentrations of B, and even the most B‐sensitive cultivar, Hamidiye contained the lowest B concentration in flag leaves. Shoot dry weight of the cultivars at the tillering stage corresponded well to the grain yields. These results suggested that the symptom scoring for B toxicity symptoms and shoot dry weight at early stage of growth can be considered as reliable criteria for screening cultivars for tolerance to B toxicity in soils. In view of the results obtained in the present study one may speculate that internal mechanisms play a decisive role in expression of differential tolerance to B toxicity in field‐grown barley cultivars.
O2 regulation and O2‐limitation of nitrogenase activity in root nodules of pea and lupin

The gas exchange characteristics of intact attached nodulated roots of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Finale X) and lupin (Lupinus albus cv. Ultra) were studied under a number of environmental conditions to determine whether or not the nodules regulate resistance to oxygen diffusion. Nitrogenase activity (H2 evolution) in both species was inhibited by an increase in rhizosphere pO2 from 20% to 30%, but recovered within 30 min without a significant increase in nodulated root respiration (CO2 evolution). These data suggest that the nodules possess a variable barrier to O2 diffusion. Also, nitrogenase activity in both species declined when the roots were either exposed to an atmosphere of Ar:O2 or when the shoots of the plants were excised. These declines could be reversed by elevating rhizosphere pO2, indicating that the inhibition of nitrogenase activity resulted from an increase in gas diffusion resistance and consequent O2-limitation of nitrogenase-linked respiration. These results indicate that nodules of pea and lupin regulate their internal O2 concentration in a manner similar to nodules of soybean, despite the distinct morphological and biochemical differences that exist between the nodules of the 3 species. Experiments in which total nitrogenase activity (TNA = H2 production in Ar:O2) in pea and lupin nodules was monitored while rhizosphere pO2 was increased gradually to 100%, showed that the resistance of the nodules to O2 diffusion maintains nitrogenase activity at about 80% of its potential activity (PNA) under normal atmospheric conditions. The O2-limitation coefficient of nitrogenase (OLCN= TNA/PNA) declined significantly with prolonged exposure to Ar:O2 or with shoot excision. Together, these results indicate a significant degree of O2-limitation of nitrogenase activity in pea and lupin nodules, and that yields may be increased by realizing full potential activity.