Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rural Posting for Medical Graduates: Perception, Acceptance and Plausibility

Introduction: India is facing acute shortage of doctors in rural areas. The government wants to make it compulsory for all MBBS graduates who have completed their internship to do one year of rural service if they wish to pursue post-graduation. Objective: The current study was planned to assess feasibility and acceptability of rural posting among medical students. Materials and Methods: It was a mixed-approach study design with both qualitative and quantitative approach conducted among 163 medical undergraduate students from three major medical colleges of Delhi. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among medical students followed by a cross-sectional questionnaire based research. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 17. Quantitative data was presented in mean±SD and proportion. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was done. Results: A total of 163 students participated in the study. 123 (75.5%) of participants were females and 40 (23.3%) were males with a mean age of 19.92±2.45 years. Less than 15% of the students accepted positively for rural posting. Insufficient incentive, security problems, cultural differences from the rural population, lack of infrastructure in rural settings, political motives in implementing rural posting, etc., were main reasons discouraging students from rural posting. Conclusion: It can be concluded that acceptability of rural posting was poor among medical students. Lack of infrastructure, security, and inadequate monetary incentives were some of the major issues for implementation of compulsory rural posting.
Survey the Echocardiographic Findings in Fetus with Cardiac Arrhythmia

Introduction: Fetal cardiac arrhythmia includes tachyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias, and ectopia. The study aimed to examine the findings of fetal cardiac arrhythmia echocardiography. Method: In a cross-sectional study, the fetal echocardiography was performed by a pediatric cardiac cardiologist for pregnant women with fetal cardiac arrhythmia referred to the pediatric cardiac clinic in Sari (north of Iran) at 2013. Results of echocardiography, mother's age, number of pregnancy, family history of heart disease were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: 60 pregnant women were included in the study. 6 mothers were less than 21 years, 51 mothers between 21 and 35 years and 3 mothers were over 35 years old. Arrhythmias include: premature atrial contractions (PAC) in 45 patients, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in 7 patients, bradycardia in 5 patients and flutter in 3 patients. Echocardiography was abnormal in 6 patients including hydrops in 4 patients and Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in 2 patients. No significant difference was observed between mothers’ age, gestational age and family history of heart disease in those who had normal Echography and patients who had abnormal Echography (P> 0.05). Number of pregnancy has a significant but weak relation with abnormal echography (r: 0.347, P = 0.004). Also, a significant weak relation was observed between arrhythmia and results of echocardiography (r: 0.325, P <0.0003). Conclusion: More parity and presence of arrhythmia such as SVT or bradycardia is more associated with the results of abnormal echocardiography in pregnant women.
ARE ORBITAL COMPLICATIONS A PROBLEM WITH RHINOSINUSITIS EVEN TODAY? A CLINICAL EXPERIENCE IN PATIENTS FROM SLUM AREAS OF HYDERABAD

BACKGROUND Rhinosinusitis remains a common clinical disease encountered in ENT practice. The clinical subtypes include acute, subacute, recurrent acute and chronic. Acute rhinosinusitis most commonly is of viral aetiology superadded by bacteria. Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is commonly a mixed bacterial infection. Even though, the complications are less common when primary treatment is neglected, the potential of developing intraorbital suppuration, life-threatening intracranial complications will result in high morbidity and mortality. Incidence of such complications remains high among the populations of poor socioeconomic status, overcrowding and those living in areas of industrial pollution. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentations, CT scan findings and different treatment outcomes of orbital complications secondary to sinusitis in patients from slum areas of industrial belt of Hyderabad. The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentations and various treatment modalities and their outcomes of orbital complications secondary to sinusitis.
A Clinical Profile of Hepatitis A Patients in Jakarta, Indonesia

Background: To determine the incidence of hepatitis A infections and the clinical profiles of adult patients admitted to public hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that utilised consecutive secondary data from internal medicine wards of seven public hospitals in Jakarta between 2011 and 2013. Eligibility criteria included patients over the age of 18 years and an ICD-10 diagnosis code of B15, acute hepatitis A. Case proportion was reported per 1000 people by dividing incidence per year to total in-ward patients. Clinical profiles were reported descriptively. Laboratory results were compared and categorised into groups of patients aged below and above 25 years old. Results: Data revealed that hospitalisations of patients with hepatitis A had decreased from 2011 to 2013. 289 patients were studied, the majority were young adults (18-25 years old) and their common chief complaints were nausea (36%), fever (24%), and jaundice (21%). Higher bilirubin levels were seen in older patients. There were 13 patients coinfected with hepatitis B, one patient coinfected with hepatitis C, and one patient coinfected with HIV. Conclusions: The proportion of hepatitis A infection amongst adults admitted to public hospitals in Jakarta was low and had decreased during the study period. Most of the patients reported classical clinical manifestations. This study found that the targeted age group may benefit from receiving routine hepatitis A vaccinations.
Cognitive Immobilisation in Dyslexic Higher Education Students: Exploring Possible Triggers, Links with Aspects of Memory and Fluctuating Emotional Status, Informing Effective Coping Strategies

The purpose of this small-scale, mixed methods study was to explore the temporary ‘freezing up’ of cognitive processing capacity experienced by dyslexic HE students in one UK University. The term, cognitive immobilisation (CI), is used in this work to define this phenomenon which occurs when dyslexic HE students have become so stressed in relation to their studies that they temporarily lose their ability to process and respond to incoming stimuli, reducing them to a mental state where they are briefly unable to think, act or even speak. The main aims of the inquiry were firstly, to discover the extent of the occurrence and possible triggers of CI in dyslexic HE students; secondly, to explore the relationship between this occurrence, individual variations in processing capacity relating to working memory/long term memory interactions and ipsative measurements of fluctuating emotional status; and thirdly, to investigate the efficacy of possible coping strategies, including those which have been employed successfully to manage similar phenomena in disciplines outside education. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from an initial online survey of dyslexic HE students (n=40); semi-structured interviews with Specialist Dyslexia Support Tutors (n=6) and assessments with 13 participants who took part in a yearlong study. Over the course of the study regular semi-structured interviews/monitoring meetings and diarised accounts of incidences of CI and self-reported assessments of emotional status took place with the students. Initial assessments were carried out with the participants using all nine indexes of TOMAL-2 to discover detailed profiles of their memory systems. The participants were assessed with The Self Image Profile for Adults (SIP Adult); The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) in order to provide baseline measurements of self-esteem/self-image; level of anxiety and level of hopelessness respectively. Participants were then required to self-report using these assessment tools during the latter two academic terms and record incidences of CI. Analysis of the findings suggested dyslexic HE students are likely to experience CI more frequently than their non-dyslexic peers. Findings suggested that the participants who reported the highest frequencies of CI also had predominantly below average/well below average scores for all nine of the TOMAL-2 indexes and were more likely to miss assignment submissions than those participants who took study breaks or did not complete their course. However, study breaks/non-completion of courses was associated with levels of hopelessness which increased above co-occurring levels of anxiety, suggesting further research in this area may be advantageous. It was generally observed that fluctuations in self-image were mirrored by those of self-esteem.
Relationship between ABO and Rh Blood Groups withChildhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background:Despite their obvious clinical importance, the physiological functions of ABO blood group antigens remain a mystery.An association between blood type and cancer was initially suggested through the observation that stomach cancer patients were more likely to have blood type A than control subjects. A variety of other cancers have since been linked to ABO blood group but the associations generally have been inconsistent. Aims of the study: To identify any association between blood grouping and Rh type with Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and the outcome of disease. Patients and methods:This is a hospital based retrospective study conducted between August 15th and November 8th, 2016; in which 340 patients‟ records, whom were below the age of 14 years with newly diagnosed ALL were treated and followed at the oncology unit of Children Welfare Teaching Hospital (CWTH), were reviewed. A chart review was performed to determine age, gender, residence, date of diagnosis and Blood group type.The patients were followed till the end of 2015 to find any association between blood grouping and the outcome of treatment. Results: In this study, 338patients were 14 years or younger. The median age was 4.9 years (range 29 days to 14 years), 184 (54.4%) males & 154 (45.5%) females forming Male: Female ratio of 1.2:1. The total number of cases diagnosed were 117 (34.6%) during 2011, followed by 116 (34.3%) during followed by 105 (31.0%) during 2012.The distribution of blood grouping type for those patients showed that „‟O‟‟ positive blood group was the most common detected group in 125 (36.9%) patients, followed by “B” positive in 83 (24.5%), “A” positive in 79 (23.3%) and “AB” positive in 31 (9.1%). Analysis of the distribution of blood groups according to the fate of those patients showed no statistical significance. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant association between ABO blood group type and different independent variables with Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Recommendation: ABO blood groups are still fruitful research strategy in understanding the etiology of hematological malignancies, especially if they are evaluated in the ground of recent molecular typing of such genetic polymorphism.
Factors Influencing Supervisee Perceptions of Critical Feedback Validity

: The authors investigated supervisees’ ( N = 93) memories of critical feedback and validity ratings of that feedback. Supervisees most often recalled critical feedback about their counseling performance skills. Attachment avoidance, the supervisory relationship, and critical feedback of counseling skills and professional behaviors were significantly related to perceived feedback validity.
Creative Self-Efficacy, Innovative Work Behaviour and Job Performance Among Selected Manufacturing Employees

Organizations worldwide strive to achieve superior organizational performance through innovativeness. Consequently, job performance and innovative work behaviour are the pillars of organizational performance. Although the empirical evidence on the effect of creative self-efficacy (SCE) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and job performance (JP) is consistent, there is lack of study on the direct relationship between IWB and JP. Therefore, this study explores the effect of creative self-efficacy (CSE) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and job performance (JP) and the relationship between IWB and JP. This study used multilevel data where CSE and IWB were self-assessed by 186 employees while their respective JPs were assessed by their immediate superiors. Partial Least Square SEM was used to assess the measurement models and the path analysis. CSE is found to be a significant predictor of both IWB and JP while there is no significant relationship between IWB and JP. This finding has significant managerial implication in the context of human resource management. Integrated HR strategies are required to ensure that both JP and IWB could work in tandem by improving employees’ creative self-efficacy.
How 15‐month‐old infants process morphologically complex forms in an agglutinative language?

Abstract While phonological development is well‐studied in infants, we know less about morphological development. Previous studies suggest that infants around one year of age can process words analytically (i.e., they can decompose complex forms to a word stem and its affixes) in morphologically simpler languages such as English and French. The current study explored whether 15‐month‐old infants learning Hungarian, a morphologically complex, agglutinative language with vowel harmony, are able to decompose words into a word stem and a suffix. Potential differences between analytical processing of complex forms with back versus front vowels were also studied. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that Hungarian infants process morphologically complex words analytically when they contain a frequent suffix. Analytic processing is present both in the case of complex forms with back and front vowels according to the results of Experiment 2. In light of the results, we argue for the potential relevance of the early development of analytic processing for language development.
Intensification of historical drought over China based on a multi‐model drought index

Observations show that in recent decades, a large area of China has been affected by drought and that frequent droughts have caused damage to the ecological environment and the economy. Because of the differences in data and methods, assessing regional droughts often leads to contradictory conclusions of trending. The self‐calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) is based on multiple parameters, and it is considered regionally applicable and is widely used. However, some divergence has been observed in the results of drought in China using different scPDSI_PM (scPDSI based on the Penman–Monteith model) datasets. We establish an integrated scPDSI dataset (scPDSI_PM_INT) by averaging three scPDSI products and analyse the temporal change and spatial characteristics of drought in China from 1950 to 2009. The annual and seasonal drought intensities have increased slightly in the past 60 years, while the disturbed area has broadened significantly, especially in eastern China which has become much drier than before. The drought intensity of most drought‐prone regions is slight and moderate, while severe and extreme droughts occur mostly in the Agro‐Pastoral Transitional Zone and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region.
Poleward Shift of the Major Ocean Gyres Detected in a Warming Climate

Recent evidence shows that wind‐driven ocean currents, like the western boundary currents, are strongly affected by global warming. However, due to insufficient observations both on temporal and spatial scales, the impact of climate change on large‐scale ocean gyres is still not clear. Here, based on satellite observations of sea surface height and sea surface temperature, we find a consistent poleward shift of the major ocean gyres. Due to strong natural variability, most of the observed ocean gyre shifts are not statistically significant, implying that natural variations may contribute to the observed trends. However, climate model simulations forced with increasing greenhouse gases suggest that the observed shift is most likely to be a response of global warming. The displacement of ocean gyres, which is coupled with the poleward shift of extratropical atmospheric circulation, has broad impacts on ocean heat transport, regional sea level rise, and coastal ocean circulation.
Relevance of Relative Sea Surface Temperature for Tropical Rainfall Interannual Variability

The coupling between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and rainfall is an important driver of tropical climate variability. Observations however reveal inconsistencies, such as decreased convective rainfall in regions with positive SST anomalies in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans during and after El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The upper troposphere warms during El Niño events, stabilizing the atmosphere. SST anomalies only account for the influence of the surface. Using theoretical arguments, we show that relative SST (RSST; defined as SST minus its tropical mean) anomalies, by also accounting for the influence of upper tropospheric temperature anomalies on gross moist stability, explain tropical convection interannual variations better than SST anomalies in observations and climate models. This relation further improves when RSST anomalies are weighted by the precipitation climatology to account for low and high‐precipitation regimes. Using RSST is thus essential to understand El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnections and interactions between modes of tropical climate variability.
Scenario-Based Analysis of IT Enterprises Servitization as a Part of Digital Transformation of Modern Economy

The transition towards Servitization in the IT Business is extremely challenging because IT Enterprises must transform partly or entirely from hardware manufacturers into service providers. Moreover, Servitization does not occur all at once; it is a long and continuous process. Thus, in order to succeed, a company must determine which phase of this process it is in within a short time period, due to the dynamic competition in the modern IT Business. An examination of such a transition is crucial for accurate enterprise resource planning and for business success in general. Accordingly, to gain a better understanding of this process/transition in the IT industry, five major players were analyzed. We provide a foundation of the definitions and concepts regarding Servitization. Based on this foundation, every major player is analyzed by business segment. Then, those business segments are broken down into the offerings delivered to the customers. Depending on the offering, an analysis of the revenue is performed. In addition, we discuss the challenges and their effects on every company, and then we examine the similarities and differences in the process. We conclude with a brief statement of our primary achievements, and possible future investigation directions/topics are suggested.
Low frequency fatigue in endurance trained, sedentary, and spinal cord injured subjects

26 Introduction.27 Methods.28 Results.35 Discussion.39 References.44 IV. LOW FREQUENCY FATIGUE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY . 55 Abstract . 57 Introduction.58 Methods.60 Results.66 Discussion.70 References.76 V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.88 References.91
Experimental investigation of the receiver of a solar thermal dish collector with a dual layer, staggered tube arrangement, and multiscale diameter

A new experimental model is proposed and tested to enhance the ability of receivers of solar thermal dish collectors in absorbing solar energy. An innovative model consisting of a dual layer, staggered arrangement, and multiscale diameter tubes is established. The enhancement augments the capability of the solar receiver of the collector to transform solar energy to thermal energy within the heat transfer fluid. The new design depends on the exploitation of the dead regions of the solar receiver, that is, surfaces with weak solar energy absorption which include the space between the pipes and the terminal sides of the pipes. The surface areas of the circular pipes in these regions are almost parallel to the solar energy radiation, which leads to a reduction in the ability of the tube to absorb solar energy. The design was validated through five receiver ( D c r ) models for solar thermal dish collectors, in addition to the model base (which has single layer). Each model consists of a two-layer staggered arrangement and tubes with four different staggered diameter ratios ( S D r ) between the two layers. Each of them has an octagonal shape and consists of three serial paths of copper tubes; each path consists of a bank of parallel tubes. The results show a noteworthy increase in the ability of the receiver to absorb solar energy and greater with model ( D c r 5 ) which S D r equal (0.269) than for a plain tube collector. The enhancement leads to an increase in the thermal efficiency η t h and exergetic performance η e x , that equal (78.8%) and (19.8%) respectively at (0.07 kg/s). Furthermore, the pressure difference, and efficiency evaluation criterion was estimated to evaluate dish collector receivers.
A Novel Interpretable Computer-Aided Diagnosis System of Thyroid Nodules on Ultrasound Based on Clinical Experience

Computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADs) present valuable second opinions to radiologists in diagnosis. Many studies on thyroid nodules have proposed various CADs to provide a binary result, benignity or malignancy, for doctors, ignoring interpretability of more ultrasonic features that could be more useful. We develop an interpretable CADs (iCADS) that utilizes deep-learning networks’ classification power and interpretability potential of clinical guidelines, like TIRADS, a well-established scale for thyroid nodules. iCADS incorporates a main neural-networks model and six neural-network based interpreters. The outputs of the six interpreters are compared with TIRADS guidelines and the matched result will form a report, more than a benignity or malignancy result, for radiologists. Clinical images of 16,946 thyroid nodules from 5,885 patients were used to train the proposed iCADS. An extra experimental data set containing 501 images were used to test the performance of the model. For better illustrating the assistant ability of iCADS, we also recruited ten junior radiologists to make diagnosis decisions with or without the help of different versions of iCADS. The experiments demonstrated that iCADS can largely improve junior radiologists diagnosis with the help of interpreter strategy. These experiments are also the very first attempt to evaluate the effect of interpretability of deep-learning based CADs in clinical practice. Comparison experiments with other deep-learning based CADs and traditional CADs indicated that the interpreter strategy can easily be combined to other intelligent CADs without the loss of performance. The framework of iCADS can also inspire more research on the development of CADs.