Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMBINER: INDUCTIVELY LEARNING TREE STRUC-

Transformers employ dense attention mechanisms over text which can fail to capture or utilize the strong intrinsic structures present in natural language. This paper presents the Combiner model, a new Transformer architecture that learns tree-structured attention patterns inductively from language. Instead of dense or pre-specified structures, Combiner automatically learns tree-structured attention connections using a novel sparse residual attention mechanism. It first employs a sparsity-inducing gate that learns to prune attention connections in each network layer, so as to determine the nodes to be combined. Then the learned connections are propagated through layers using hierarchical attention blocks, which combine the sub-tree nodes in a bottom-up manner. Our experiments demonstrate the robust modeling performance of Combiner and usefulness of structures it learns in various information retrieval and unsupervised sentence parsing tasks. By leveraging search session structures, Combiner outperforms other pre-trained Transformers in generative query suggestion. Moreover, the learned tree structures align well with linguistic structures and improve the current state-of-the-art unsupervised constituency parsing by 8 average sentence-level F1.
VMRR_A_162774 203..214

Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/mgO2esAdMH4 Abstract: In this article, the studies about the prevalence of chronic enteropathy are reviewed as well as the information regarding shortand long-term prognosis for dogs treated with the three most common therapies; these include dietary modification, antibiotics, and immunosuppressants. Although the data available are limited, most studies support a good to excellent long-term response in dogs that have a successful food trial, whereas the response is poor with antibiotics or on-going treatment is required to retain remission. There is a risk of antimicrobial resistance developing with inappropriate use of antimicrobials such as in these situations. The published information highlights the need for alternative strategies to antibiotic treatment to manipulate the GI microbiome, and in the final part of this article studies on the use of probiotic for the treatment of chronic enteropathy are reviewed.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Neuromotor Behavior and Pain, Comfort, Apgar Score and Clinical Factors in Premature Neonates

Purpose: Abnormalities detected by neurological examinations and developmental tests performed in premature infants can be transient or severe enough to affect the survival of a baby. Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuromotor behavior and pain, comfort, Apgar Score and clinical factors in premature neonates. Material and Methods: 13 neonates, (M:6, F:7) who were being treated for prematurity diagnosis, were included in study. A clinical data form, pain assessment, comfort evaluation for pain and stress, Apgar Score and neuromotor skills assessment were performed to neonates. Results: Presence of maternal psychological stress during one-year period before birth of baby and male gender caused retardation in terms of neuromotor behavior (p=0,038). Infants whose respiration depends on an inhaler are the worst in neuromotor behavior (p=0,023). There was a positive correlation between neuromotor behavior skills of premature neonate and duration of pregnancy and birth weight, and negative correlation with pain and comfort status (p=0,042). There was no correlation between Apgar Score and neuromotor behavior (p=0,016). Discussion: Presence of maternal psychological stress, male gender, using respiratory device, pain and worse comfort status adversely affect neuromotor skills. Conversely, breastfeeding, longer duration of pregnancy period, and higher birth weight positively affect neuromotor skills. There is no relationship between neuromotor skills and Apgar Score; neuromotor skills and delivery method.
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

Sonic boom research conducted at NASA is oriented toward understanding the potential impact of sonic boom noise on communities from new low-boom supersonic aircraft designs. This research contributes to knowledge in key areas needed to support development of a new noisebased standard for supersonic aircraft certification. Partnerships with several industry, government, and academic institutions have enabled the execution of a pilot low boom community response test to develop and assess experimental methodologies, including noise exposure design, sonic boom data acquisition, subjective data collection, and data analysis. Areas of additional research are identified to guide design of a potential follow-on pilot test. Lessons learned from these community response tests will facilitate future community testing with actual lowboom aircraft in communities not familiar with sonic booms.
ANALYSING CYBERBULLYING AMONG STUDENTS IN THE REGIO N OF MURCIA (SPAIN): REASONS, EXCLUSION AND PERCEPTIONS

Technologies belong to our daily life. However, sometimes children and adolescents use them improperly, taking advantage of a lack of parental supervision, anonymity and the impunity offered by cyberspace. In this context, cyberbullying (an intentional, aggressive act against and unprotected victims using mobile phones and/or Internet) takes place among students beyond the schoolyard. In this piece of research we investigate the justifications and perceptions of bullies and victims relating to their involvement in cyberbullying. A sample of 783 students, aged 11 to 18 years old from public and private schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain) participated. A self-report questionnaire assessed the reason and media used in bullying online, targets’ reactions after being cybervictimized and perceptions between bullying and cyberbullying. Results show that cyberbullies most often explained their actions by reporting victims provoked them previously while victims report the perpetrators enjoy (“have fun”) to bully them. Beside, students perceived that cyberbullying is worse and dangerous than traditional bullying because is unnoticed and anonymous. These results show us the presence of cyberbullying among Murcia’s students and the need to carry on studying these episodes in depth.
OTT_A_213928 6045..6052

Ho Cheol Kim Yeh Rim Kang Wonjun Ji Yeon Joo Kim Shinkyo Yoon Jae Cheol Lee Chang-Min Choi 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; 2Medical Department, Oncology, Novartis Korea Pharmaceuticals, Seoul, South Korea; 3Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Purpose: BRAF mutations are found in 1–5% of non-small cell lung cancers, particularly adenocarcinomas. However, information regarding this mutation is limited in patients without EGFR/ALK aberrations, who have limited treatment options. Patients and methods: The medical records of 224 stage III/IV adenocarcinoma patients without EGFR/ALK aberrations and with available pathologic tissue, were retrospectively reviewed. BRAF mutations were evaluated using a PNAClamp BRAF mutation detection kit (Panagene, Daejeon, Korea). The outcomes in the study population were compared with stage III/IV adenocarcinoma patients harboring an EGFR mutation. A case report of targeted therapy against BRAF mutations was also presented. Results: A cohort of 222 adenocarcinoma patients with adequate pathologic tissue samples was analyzed. The median patient age was 63 years, 68.8% of the patients were male and 68.7% were ever-smokers. The V600E BRAF mutation was detected in 4 patients (1.8%). The 222 study patients had a poorer survival outcome compared to stage III/IV adenocarcinoma patients with an EGFR mutation (median, 12 vs 67 months, P<0.001) from a recent previous study. Moreover, a 47-year-old female with a recurrent adenocarcinoma and a BRAF V600E mutation exhibited tumor regression after a fourth line therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib, targeting agents against BRAF mutations. Conclusion: Although BRAF mutations are found in 1.8% of advanced adenocarcinoma patients without EGFR/ALK aberration, they may be able to serve as a treatment target in those patients.
Adaptive Visual Assistance System for Enhancing the Driver Awareness of Pedestrians

ABSTRACT In the past decade, Pedestrian Collision Warning Systems have been proposed to detect pedestrians and warn drivers of imminent collision. However, such systems are often limited by eye-off-road and cognitive overload problems. Head Up displays with augmented reality are being considered as a key technology for changing drivers’ user experiences. In this paper, we propose a new visual assistance system that can enhance drivers’ perception by dynamically directing attention to pedestrians to avoid collisions using Augmented Reality cues. The proposed system takes into account driver behaviors through vehicle driving signals analysis, in order to warn it at the right moments. To that end, we statistically model correct and incorrect driver behaviors in situations with pedestrians. Based on this model, a warning visual metaphor is displayed if unawareness is detected and a driving simulator was used to evaluate the concept. The experimental results suggest that our proposed adaptive visual aids can enhance driver awareness of pedestrians in critical situations.
‘Generation rent’ and the emotions of private renting: self-worth, status and insecurity amongst low-income renters

Abstract The UK private-rented sector is increasingly accommodating a diverse range of households, many of whom are young people struggling to access other forms of housing. For those at the bottom end of the sector, who typically have limited economic resources, it is a precarious housing tenure due to its expense and insecurity, yet few studies have explored qualitatively the emotional consequences of this for well-being. We address this gap in the ‘generation rent’ literature by focusing attention on those voices that have been less prominent in the literature. Informed by the theoretical lens of ‘residential alienation’, our study illustrates the emotional toll of private renting upon low-income groups in a national context where state regulation is more limited. In doing so, we add nuance to the literature surrounding socio-economic differentiation within the UK private-rented sector. Our arguments are also relevant to an international audience given global concerns about housing precarity and the politics of housing.
Clinical Utility of Molecular Diagnosis of Blood Stream Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients with Hematologic Malignancies

Blood stream infections (BSIs) are a serious problem in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We evaluated the clinical utility of molecular diagnosis for the management of BSIs in such patients. We prospectively performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of microbial DNA in blood samples from 10 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies at least once a week for one month after ASCT. In total, 51 and 54 samples were analyzed by bacterial and fungal PCR assays, respectively. Bacteria were detected in 24 samples from 8 patients by PCR, but in only 2 samples from one patient by blood culture. Notably, the bacteria detected in at least half of the 24 samples were considered to have originated from the oral cavity. Fungi were detected in 5 samples from 3 patients by PCR, but not by blood culture. Most cases with positive PCR results were manageable with empirical antimicrobial therapy without disclosure of DNA data. Our DNA analyses did not directly contribute to management of BSIs, but did provide valuable microbiological evidence for the patients. Additionally, oral management appears to require a critical re-evaluation to reduce the occurrence of BSIs in ASCT recipients.
Cinobufagin Suppresses The Characteristics Of Osteosarcoma Cancer Cells By Inhibiting The IL-6-OPN-STAT3 Pathway

Background: Current clinical treatments for osteosarcoma are limited by disease recurrence and primary or secondary chemoresistance. Cancer stem-like cells have been proposed to facilitate the initiation, progression, recurrence and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, previous studies have reported that IL-6-STAT3 pathway is overexpressed in various types of cancer and contributes to cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration, chemoresistance and modulation of stemness features. Aim: To examined the effect of cinobufagin on cancer progression and modulation of stemness features in osteosarcoma, and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects. Methods: Human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS/MG-63 were recruited in this study. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by MTT assay, colony formation assay,wound healing assay, and cell invasion assay respectively. Its effect on stemness was assessed by ﬂ ow cytometry and mammosphere formation. The protein expression levels of related proteins were detected by Western blot. The xenograft model, immuno ﬂ uorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the effect of cinobufagin on tumorigenicity in vivo experiment. Results: We found that cinobufagin suppressed the viability of U2OS/MG-63 spheroids/ parent cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Notably, cinobufagin had no effect on the viability of hFOB 1.19 cells. Moreover, cinobufagin induced apoptosis, increased the width of wounds, reduced invasive osteosarcoma spheroids/parent cell numbers and reduced EMT phenotype and OPN levels in U2OS/MG-63 spheroids as well as U2OS/MG-63 parent cells lines. Noticeablely, we found that OPN levels were higher in spheroids group than that in parent cells. In addition, cinobufagin ameliorated the proportion of CD133-positive cells, the size of spheroids and Nanog, Sox-2 and Oct3/4 protein levels. Our in vivo experiments showed that cinobufagin consistently reduced tumor volume,the expressions of OPN, Sox-2, Oct3/4, Nanog and p-STAT3 by the immuno histochemistry staining as well as CD133 expression in tumor tissues by immuno ﬂ uorescence analysis. From a mechanistic point of view, cinobufagin was shown to inhibit IL-6-OPN-STAT3 signaling pathway. Exogenous IL-6/OE-OPN/overexpression STAT3 attenuated the induction of cinobufagin-mediated apoptosis and the suppression of stemness properties respectively. Conclusion: Collectively, our data demonstrated that cinobufagin inhibited the viability and tumorigenesis capability of osteosarcoma cells by blocking IL-6- OPN-STAT3 signaling pathway. Cinobufagin may therefore represent a promising therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma management.
Usability of a Wrist-Worn Smartwatch in a Direct-to-Participant Randomized Pragmatic Clinical Trial.

Background The availability of a wide range of innovative wearable sensor technologies today allows for the ability to capture and collect potentially important health-related data in ways not previously possible. These sensors can be adopted in digitalized clinical trials, i.e., clinical trials conducted outside the clinic to capture data about study participants in their day-to-day life. However, having participants activate, charge, and wear the digital sensors for long hours may prove to be a significant obstacle to the success of these trials. Objective This study explores a broad question of wrist-wearable sensor effectiveness in terms of data collection as well as data that are analyzable per individual. The individuals who had already consented to be part of an asymptomatic atrial fibrillation screening trial were directly sent a wrist-wearable activity and heart rate tracker device to be activated and used in a home-based setting. Methods A total of 230 participants with a median age of 71 years were asked to wear the wristband as frequently as possible, night and day, for at least a 4-month monitoring period, especially to track heart rhythm during sleep. Results Of the individuals who received the device, 43% never transmitted any data. Those who used the device wore it a median of ∼15 weeks (IQR 2-24) and for 5.3 days (IQR 3.2-6.5) per week. For rhythm detection purposes, only 5.6% of all recorded data from individuals were analyzable (with beat-to-beat intervals reported). Conclusions This study provides some important learnings. It showed that in an older population, despite initial enthusiasm to receive a consumer-quality wrist-based fitness device, a large proportion of individuals never activated the device. However, it also found that for a majority of participants it was possible to successfully collect wearable sensor data without clinical oversight inside a home environment, and that once used, ongoing wear time was high. This suggests that a critical barrier to overcome when incorporating a wearable device into clinical research is making its initiation of use as easy as possible for the participant.
Brain Drain in Finland; A real Threat or a myth and its impact on Finland’s R&D capabilities

The phenomenon of ‘Brain Drain’ or ‘Human Capital Flight’ is actively discussed in Finland recently. It is the phenomenon in which highly educated and skilled people leave the country where they attained their education and skills. The official statistics and data show that it is an alarming situation with every passing year in Finland. The phenomenon is widely observed in all sectors, but the most affected sectors are research-based fields, natural sciences, biosciences, humanities, anthropology, psychology, statistics, and core-engineering fields. However, is this really a brain drain phenomenon or something else? The focus of this paper is to explore the brain drain phenomenon’s existence in Finland based on officially available data. The paper also investigates the main causes of brain drain, its future effects on Finland’s R&D capabilities and the Finnish economy. This is a review article about the brain drain phenomenon based on previous studies and official quantitative data from Statistics Finland. This paper serves as the basis for the development of a research instrument to further analyze the situation in future research.
TGFSignaling in Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers in the United States. NCI estimates ~21,880 new cases with ~13,850 deaths in 2011 (http://www.cancer.gov/ cancertopics/ types/ovariancancer). Unfortunately, the majority of these cases are only discovered at advanced stages (stage III or IV) due to the cancer’s asymptomatic nature which has an overall survival rate between 5-25% (Bast et al., 2009; Hennessy et al., 2008). Hence, the inability to detect this disease during early stages has led to poor prognosis. Despite improvements in medicine and patient care, reasonable screening measures for detecting early stage ovarian cancers are presently lacking. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular events that underlie ovarian cancer development are needed. The current strategy for treatment of ovarian cancer is surgical debulking followed by chemotherapy (Bast et al., 2009; Hennessy et al., 2008). Although ~70% of ovarian cancers respond to a combination of platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy administered after surgery, current treatments are of limited efficacy in preventing tumor recurrence and progression (Bast et al., 2009; Hennessy et al., 2008). Thus, new anti-neoplastic agents are urgently needed to increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells. Recently, evidence has emerged revealing the importance of genomic aberrations in the progression of ovarian cancer (Gorringe & Campbell, 2009; Gray et al., 2003). Through the use of high throughput technologies (i.e. array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), microarray, and SNP arrays), specific genomic regions have been identified to be either amplified or silenced in tumor progression (Gorringe & Campbell, 2009; Gray et al., 2003). One such region which we and others (Nanjundan et al., 2007; Osterberg et al., 2009) have previously identified to be frequently amplified early in serous epithelial ovarian cancer development is the 3q26.2 region which harbors Transforming Growth Factor  pathway (TGF) co-repressors, ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1) (Nanjundan et al., 2007) and SnoN/SkiL (Nanjundan et al., 2008). A large amount of work has recently emerged involving the intricacies of TGF signaling and its role in cancer progression. Importantly, this signaling pathway is dysregulated in ovarian carcinomas.
NDT_A_213393 2057..2061

Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy Introduction and objectives: Immigration in Europe is a challenge for health care systems. Psychotic experiences are not uncommon in the community. Meta-analyses showed that immigrants are at higher risk of psychotic symptoms and experiences than natives. In the international literature, there is little knowledge about the psychological processes explaining the relationship between immigrant status and psychotic experiences. Aberrant salience, the biased assignment of significance to otherwise innocuous stimuli, and alexithymia (difficulty identifying/verbalizing feelings and concrete speech/thinking) have been found to be vulnerability/maintenance factors of psychotic symptoms. This report presents a study investigating whether: 1) adolescent immigrants in Italy report more intense psychotic experiences than natives; 2) aberrant salience and alexithymia predict more intense psychotic experiences; and 3) these psychological processes moderate the effect of immigrant status on psychotic experiences. Knowledge about the role of these processes in psychotic experiences may suggest early detection or prevention strategies. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight community adolescents were recruited (mean age =17.57 years, 47.30% females); of these, 75 were born in Italy (natives) and 73 were immigrants (born in countries other than Italy). The Aberrant Salience Inventory, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, and the Screening for Psychotic Experiences were administered in classrooms. Results: Immigrants had higher aberrant salience (F=4.38, p<0.05), alexithymia (F=8.93, p<0.01), and psychotic experiences (F=10.65, p<0.01) than natives. Higher aberrant salience and alexithymia predicted more intense psychotic experiences. An interaction effect between immigrant status and alexithymia emerged: immigrants with higher alexithymia had more intense psychotic experiences (β=0.17, p<0.001). Conclusion: Early detection or prevention programs should focus on aberrant salience in the adolescent population and should consider young immigrants with higher alexithymia as a subgroup with higher psychotic experiences. Mindfulness-based programs may be implemented for this adolescent subgroup to promote emotional intelligence.
Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese

In this paper, I propose a hypothesis reconciling Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in the Japanese language, explaining the spread of the Japanic languages through farming dispersal. To this end, I identify the original speech community of the Transeurasian language family as the Neolithic Xinglongwa culture situated in theWest Liao River Basin in the sixthmillennium bc. I argue that the separation of the Japanic branch from the other Transeurasian languages and its spread to the Japanese Islands can be understood as occurring in connection with the dispersal of millet agriculture and its subsequent integration with rice agriculture. I further suggest that a prehistorical layer of borrowings related to rice agriculture entered Japanic from a sister language of proto-Austronesian, at a time when both language families were still situated in the Shandong-Liaodong interaction sphere.