Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Sanksi Uni Eropa Terhadap Rusia Atas Krisis Ukraina

The crisis of Ukraine is one of the hot topics in the international world talks. The cancellation of the signing of the Association Agreement, which is a stage of integration of Ukraine into the EU, resulted in a wave of massive protests from citizens of Ukraine. Representatives of the EU mediating between the Ukrainian government and the protesting parties ultimately resulted in an agreement to oust President Viktor Yanukovych. The deposition of President Viktor Yanukovych, called pro-Russian, resulted in anger on the part of Russia, on the grounds that the elected president of Viktor Yanukovych's successor was a pro-European party. After the election, unarmed armed forces took over the Crimea territory and held a referendum for the territory to join Russia. Russian involvement in this conflict led to the EU sanctioning Russia. This prolonged sanction not only affects Russia, but also against Europe, because basically each side is one of the largest trading partners. Krisis Ukraina merupakan salah satu topik hangat dalam perbincangan dunia internasional. Pembatalan penandatanganan Association Agreement, yaitu sebuah tahapan integrasi Ukraina kedalam Uni Eropa, mengakibatkan gelombang protes besar-besaran dari warga Ukraina. Perwakilan Uni Eropa yang menjadi penengah antara pemerintah Ukraina dan para pihak yang melakukan protes, akhirnya menghasilkan kesepakatan untuk melengserkan presiden Viktor Yanukovych. Dilengserkannya Presiden Viktor Yanukovych yang disebut sebagai pro-Rusia, mengakibatkan kemarahan dari pihak Rusia, dengan alasan presiden terpilih pengganti Viktor Yanukovych merupakan pihak yang pro-Eropa. Setelah pemilihan, pasukan bersenjata tanpa identitas mengambil alih wilayah Krimea dan mengadakan referendum agar wilayah tersebut bergabung dengan Rusia. Keterlibatan Rusia dalam konflik ini menyebabkan Uni Eropa memberi sanksi terhadap Rusia. Sanksi berkepanjangan ini tidak hanya berdampak pada Rusia, namun juga terhadap Eropa, karena pada dasarnya masing-masing pihak merupakan salah satu mitra dagang paling besar.
Daytime Color Appearance of Retroreflective Traffic Control Sign Materials

Photometric measurements of the daytime chromaticity and luminance of retroreflective sign materials were made both in the laboratory and in the field. These instrument measurements were compared with daytime perceptual judgments of color properties made by human observers in the field. Hue, saturation, and brightness were determined for four different types of retroreflective sheeting materials and one diffuse material at four quadrants of each color area for six different colors specified in the Code of Federal Regulations for use on street and highway traffic control signs. Overall, participants’ responses aligned well with the instrument measurements. The introduction of retroreflective properties reduced both the apparent saturation and the brightness of all the colors. The results for the white, green, and blue color areas showed distinct color separations for retroreflective sign materials. The results for the red, orange, and yellow areas showed less color separation but little overlap among contiguous colors in the perceptual color space. This outcome has implications for determining the shape and size of the color areas used to specify the colors that may be employed on traffic control signs. While the present color areas seem to adequately support the daytime perception of the color of retroreflective sign materials for the six colors tested, special attention needs to be paid to the red/orange and orange/yellow color boundaries in any future revisions to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) color areas. The results of the present experiment indicate that there is no pressing need to modify the FHWA color areas, but improvements might be made in future iterations so as to enhance separation of those color areas that are more difficult to discriminate.
The combined effect of herbal leaves and yeast in feed as a growth promoter and bio-control of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of native chickens

The combination of herbal leaves with probiotics in feed causes the jejunal pH value of chickens to be within normal values, so that nutrient absorption can be maximized. Phytochemical compounds and probiotics, both of which have the ability to bio-control pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to examine the effect of adding a mixture of Moringa leaf flour and Yeast (80% Moringa-20% Yeast; g/g) in the diet on the growth and population of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of native chickens. A total of two hundred and forty chickens aged 2 weeks were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, namely: the group of native chickens fed a diet supplemented with 2% Moringa-Yeast (M1); 4% Moringa-Yeast (M2); and 6 Moringa-Yeast (M3). The control group of chickens was fed without Moringa-Yeast (M0). Each treatment with 6 repetitions with 40 birds per repetition. The results showed that the birds in the Moringa-Yeast group had the highest growth, body weight gain, and feed efficiency (P<0.05) compared to the control group (M0). Moringa-Yeast supplementation in the diet had a significant (P<0.05) effect on Coliform and E.coli bacteria in the intestine of birds. It can be concluded that supplementation of 2-6% Moringa-Yeast in feed for native chickens from 2-10 weeks of age, can increase growth and feed efficiency, and conversely reduce the population of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines of birds.
Changing Cape Town: Urban Dynamics, Policy and Planning During the Political Transition in South Africa

chapter 1 Introduction chapter 2 Theorizing the Political Transition in South Africa chapter 3 Segregation, Apartheid, and the Evolving Urban Landscape chapter 4 Urban Change in Cape Town during the Political Transition chapter 5 Milnerton and Marconi Beam chapter 6 Marconi Beam's effect on Crime and Property Values in Milnerton chapter 7 Conclusion chapter 8 Appendix chapter 9 Bibliography chapter 10 Index.
Disfluency and speech management in Italian patients with early-stage Parkinson's Disease

Parkinsonian speech has often been described as “disflu-ent”. However, the specific nature of disrupted speech in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients has not been well observed. Considering that pauses, fillers, repetitions and self-repairs are commonly used in spontaneous speech for managing and monitoring the own speech production, this study aims at investigating the characteristics of disfluency phenomena patterns in early-stage PD subjects. To reach this goal, the monolog-ical speech of 18 PD patients and 18 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects, all Italian native speakers, was annotated distinguishing between Forward-Looking Disfluencies, such as silent pauses, lexical and non-verbal fillers and prolongations, through which message delivery is suspended for planning, and Backward-Looking Disfluencies, such as repetitions, insertions, deletions and substitutions, used by the speaker to edit some-thing already uttered. Pathological and healthy speech samples were compared with reference to four parameters: the number and frequency of disfluencies; their specific functions; the syntactic positioning of the items; the duration of silent pauses, filled pauses and lengthening. Results highlight the relevance of investigating the specific uses, types and characteristics of dis-fluency phenomena rather than just considering their frequency of occurrence to gain insight into the features of Parkinsonian speech, even at a very early stage. 1
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados na enfermaria de queimados da Associação Beneficente de Campo Grande Santa Casa/MS Epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized at the burned nursery of Beneficent Association of Campo Grande Santa Casa/MS

Objective: Revealing epidemiological features related to patients kept at the burned nursery of Beneficent Association of Campo Grande Santa Casa/MS. Methods: 977 patients data were evaluated from the hospitalized burned patients registries taken from the period of January 2004 to December 2008. Results: It was observed a greater number of cases involving male individuals (61.41%). The burn cases were concentrated over individuals above 16 years old (54.86%). Internment period inferior to 15 days were the most observed, corresponding to 64.18% cases. We reached a 93.96% discharges rate against a 6.04% death rate. According to etiological factors, there was a major concentration of alcohol caused burns (18.93%), against 18.42% of hot water caused ones. Conclusion: The retrospective paper showed correspondence to the profile of burn injuries obtained at the other services and burned treatment centers, highlighting the importance of greater populational education and health politics aiming the prohibition of comburent liquids and the childhood negligence.
Surface water hydrology

Water is a key component in the life cycles of all organisms because of its ability to dissolve many substances (universal solvent) and as a cooling agent. It is also an integral part of photosynthesis for plants and respiration for animals and microorganisms. The strong self-attraction of water molecules leads to capillary suction that help plants such as trees to provide life sustaining water to their highest branches, as well as helping hold water in soil for plant roots to access it. These are just a few of the many reasons why water is of great interest to humans.
AN EXTINCT SUBSPECIES OF SHARP-TAILED GROUSE FROM NEW MEXICO

The Sharp-tailed Grouse, Tyrnpanuchus phasianellus (Linnaeus), reached the southern limits of its historic range in northeastern New Mexico, where a population occupied Johnson and adjacent mesas in Colfax and perhaps Union counties (Ligon 1927, Bailey 1928). Since first reported, the New Mexico population has been variously assigned to the prairie subspecies T. p. carnpestris (Ridgway), the Columbian T. p. colurnbianus (Ord), or the high-plains form T. p. jarnesi (Lincoln) (e.g., A.O.U. 1886, 1895, 1931, 1957, Ligon 1927, Friedmann 1941, Aldrich and Duvall 1955, and Aldrich 1963). However, our study of the known specimens reveals that the New Mexico population was a distinct and undescribed subspecies, which diminished in numbers until presumably absorbed by an introduced population of jarnesi in the early 1950s. Since then, the species has entirely died out in the state, with the last specific report having been in 1954 (Merrill 1967).
Endocortical Trabecularization in Acromegaly: The Cause for the Paradoxically Increased Vertebral Fracture Risk?

Growth hormone (GH) is nonphysiologically increased in acromegaly, stimulating target tissues directly and indirectly via insulin‐like growth factor type 1 (IGF‐1). Despite GH having anabolic effects on bone growth and renewal, the risk of vertebral fractures is paradoxically increased in acromegaly. We hypothesized that bone tissue compartments were differentially affected by hormonal alterations in active and controlled acromegaly. We aimed to study the effect of sex and gonadal status on long‐term outcome of bone mass and structure to understand the biomechanical competence of bone. We followed 62 patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly longitudinally (median 4.8 years after pituitary surgery) to investigate changes assessed by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), trabecular bone score (TBS), and hip structure analysis (HSA). At diagnosis, patients had increased bone mineral density (BMD) in most compartments compared with normative data (Z‐scores). Conversely, TBS Z‐score was decreased (Z = −0.64 (SD 1.73), p = 0.028). Following treatment of acromegaly, BMD increased further in compartments containing predominantly trabecular bone, such as the lumbar spine, in eugonadal and male subjects, while compartments with predominantly cortical bone, such as the hip and femoral neck, were unchanged. Total body measurements showed further increase in BMD independent of sex and gonadal status. TBS did not change. HSA revealed a significant decrease in cortical thickness in both sexes independent of gonadal status, whereas the overall size of bone (hip axis length and neck width) did not change over time. In conclusion, patients with acromegaly had increased bone mass and dimensions by DXA. Following normalization of disease activity, BMD increased mainly in compartments rich in trabecular bone, reflecting a closure of the remodeling space. However, HSA revealed a significant decrease in cortical thickness, implying endocortical trabecularization, potentially explaining the increased risk for incident vertebral fractures following treatment. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Communications and the 'Third World'

"Communication and the `Third World'" aims to provide an introduction to the rapidly-changing field of modern communications by bringing together a wide range of literature from Africa, Asia and Latin America. It presents a critical revaluation of the dominant theoretical perspectives which have, until now, informed Third World communications studies, and it challenges popular and often greatly misinformed perceptions of the nature and the uniformity of current Third World communications. Reeves gives an account of the significant shifts in the theoretical orientation of cultural analysis in Third World societies, explaining the vast differences between these societies in their levels of industrialization, communications and cultural production, and their ability to utilize modern mass communications and business-oriented technologies. He reveals that the differences can sometimes be greater than those between advanced capitalist and Third World countries, and comes to reject the usefulness of the concept of "Third World" in understanding the nature of communications systems in different national societies.
Quality of Antenatal Care and its Determinants in the Urban-Rural Environment of Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Every woman should receive quality antenatal care during pregnancy wherever she lives. We carried out this research with the objective of evaluating the quality of antenatal consultations (ANC) in terms of periodicity, screening, and prophylaxis interventions during antenatal consultations in Kamina and to identify the determinants associated with inadequate ANC. Material and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out in 6 health facilities in Kamina over a period of 17 months with 476 women who had given birth having attended antenatal consultations at least once. A scoring grid of periodicity standards, screening, and prophylactic interventions with a score of 40 was used to qualify the ANC as adequate. Logistic regression was performed to identify the determinants of inadequate ANC. Results: 40.3% of mothers had reached at least 4 antenatal visits (3.4±1.36); 21.2% had started the ANC no later than 16 weeks for an average age of 22.8 weeks ± 6.19. Overall, 72.5% of pregnant women had benefited from ANC qualified as inadequate. After adjustment, the determinants of inadequate ANC were multigestity (aOR=1.86[1.08-3.19]), low level of education of the mother (aOR=3.93; 95% CI=[2, 08-7.42]), and attendance at a first-level health facility (aOR=3.22; 95% CI=[2.06-5.05]. Conclusion: In the majority of cases, the ANC received by pregnant women in Kamina is inadequate. The determinants thus identified should serve the actors to direct the means to improve the quality of antenatal care in Kamina.
Systematic examination of post‐ and pre‐citation of Indian‐authored retracted papers

Retracted articles by Indian scholars have received significant attention in recent times. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted to analyse the citations of retracted papers authored by Indian researchers. This study aimed to assess the citations to retracted works published between 2001 and 2020 pre‐ and post‐retraction. The study found that there was an increase in retractions over time, with empirical data suggesting that the number of retractions has increased significantly, from 72 papers between 2001 and 2010 to 365 papers between 2011 and 2020. Duplication (n = 128) and plagiarism (n = 119) were the primary reasons for retraction. Notably, 90% of the retracted articles continued to receive citations after retraction. Among the retracted papers, eight received more than 50 post‐retraction citations, 39 received 20 to 50 citations, 347 received one to 19 citations, and 43 were not cited at all post‐retraction. There was an overall 8% decrease in citations after retraction. Retractions were observed across journals of varying impact factor, with a higher number of retractions observed in journals with an impact factor of less than 5 (n = 286; 65%). Furthermore, smaller research teams of two to five authors accounted for 72% of the total retractions.
Participatory Forest Management for Sustainable Livelihoods in the Bale Mountains, Southern Ethiopia

Preventing environmental degradation and alleviating poverty are the twin challenges of sustainable development. Participatory forest management (PFM) takes the challenge of preventing the degradation of forest resources while sustaining forest-based benefits to people's livelihoods. Yet, effective implementation of PFM requires a more profound understanding of the actual place of forest resources in the livelihoods of rural households and the role of forest-based activities in alleviating poverty. This study is conducted in Southern Ethiopia in the Oromia region in the district of Dodola. It examines the context of a PFM initiated by the government in the 1990s. The main objectives of the study are to examine the role of the forest resource in the livelihoods of the local people and to describe the nature of forest use in order to understand the performance and perception of collective forest management. Data were collected through a series of household surveys and group discussions over a one year period supplemented by key informant interviews. The results of the study show that forest products are important sources of income contributing to 34% and 53% of household per capita income and per capita cash income, respectively. Forest income is an important buffer against extreme poverty by filling seasonal gaps of income and by serving as safety net in times of income crisis. Forest income also provides the opportunity to diversify livelihoods, particularly for low income groups. Households' decisions on livelihood strategies including dependence on forest income are associated with socioeconomic and geographical factors. Furthermore, the performance of user groups and the attitudes and intention of households towards participating in collective management are associated with level of income and dependence on forest income. User groups that are more dependent on forest income and have higher heterogeneity in terms of dependence on the forest resource have shown lower performance. Forest dependent households have also shown a less favorable attitude and intention towards engaging in planting activities. The study concludes that socioeconomic differences and the differentiated roles and values of forest products in the livelihoods of members of user groups are related to the success of participatory management and thus are important aspects to be considered in designing participatory forest management arrangements. It is recommended that a better outcome in terms of poverty alleviation can be achieved if pro-poor forest-based activities are specifically considered in planning conservation and development interventions.
Country Differences in Family Firm Reputation: An Exploration in Germany, India, and the United States

While most studies on family firm branding report positive reputational consequences, we lack empirical evidence to which degree these benefits vary across different geographical contexts. This study explores associations elicited by the term family business in Germany, India, and the United States and discusses reasons for the varying differentiation power of the family firm signal. Our large-scale association study (n = 1,383) reveals that prototypical family firm perceptions are prevalent in the United States and Germany, but less in India. Through qualitative insights and an experimental study, we investigate why the power of the family firm signal to enhance reputation varies across countries.
Option Pricing under the Jump Diffusion and Multifactor Stochastic Processes

In financial markets, there exists long-observed feature of the implied volatility surface such as volatility smile and skew. Stochastic volatility models are commonly used to model this financial phenomenon more accurately compared with the conventional Black-Scholes pricing models. However, one factor stochastic volatility model is not good enough to capture the term structure phenomenon of volatility smirk. In our paper, we extend the Heston model to be a hybrid option pricing model driven by multiscale stochastic volatility and jump diffusion process. In our model the correlation effects have been taken into consideration. For the reason that the combination of multiscale volatility processes and jump diffusion process results in a high dimensional differential equation (PIDE), an efficient finite element method is proposed and the integral term arising from the jump term is absorbed to simplify the problem. The numerical results show an efficient explanation for volatility smirks when we incorporate jumps into both the stock process and the volatility process.
A Systematic Review and Proposition of an E-Commerce Framework for African SMES: Integrating TAM and TPB into TOE Framework

This study offers a systematic review to identify the facilitators and barriers to African Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs’) adoption of e-commerce and proposes an integrated e-commerce adoption framework. The review integrates two widely used theoretical frameworks, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), into the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. Following a rigorous literature search and careful evaluation in accordance with the PRISMA-P standards, 21 studies that were published between 2012 and 2022 were selected for inclusion in this study. The findings identified several key facilitators and barriers to e-commerce adoption. Facilitators include perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), subjective norms (SU), perceived behavioral control (PBC), compatibility, organizational readiness for change, external support, security and trust, market and competitive pressures, access to reliable internet connectivity, social and cultural factors, economic factors, government policies, and education and training. Barriers include perceived technology trust, perceived relative advantage, firm size, senior management support, attitude, SME owners' IT skills, consumer readiness, etc. The proposed integrated TOE framework will offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to enhance e-commerce adoption and its benefits for African SMEs. The study's discussion provides insights into the patterns and trends identified, their theoretical implications, and practical recommendations for policymakers and SMEs in Africa.