Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gravity Waves in Coupled Middle-Upper Atmosphere Dynamics

The Role of Gravity Waves in Coupled Middle-Upper Atmosphere Dynamics Scott England Internal gravity waves which propagate upwards from the lower atmosphere transport energy and momentum into the middle and upper atmosphere. As these waves dissipate, they alter the dynamics and composition of the background atmosphere. Changes in the background also affect the dissipation of these waves. Through this interplay, gravity waves couple the lower and upper atmosphere. Recent improvements in our understanding of gravity waves have allowed detailed physical representations of these waves to be included in globalscale atmospheric models. Three models have been developed for this study which are used to examine the role of gravity waves in the dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere over a range of time-scales. The effects of the solar sunspot cycle on gravity waves in the middle atmosphere are explored. Changes in the wave-induced wind variance of up to 10 % are simulated in the mesosphere. It is shown that a strong change in the tropospheric gravity-wave source could explain observed variability in gravity waves in this region, but changes in the mesospheric winds also play a crucial role in the model results. Varying the amplitude of the lower atmosphere gravity-wave source affects gravity-wave drag and the residual circulation. These are shown to influence conditions in the stratosphere and can alter the strength of sudden warmings. This has important consequences for the whole atmosphere. The interaction between gravity wave-drag and the diurnal tide is investigated using a coupled middle atmosphere and thermosphere model. This is shown to have a strong influence on dynamics and airglow emissions in the equatorial MLT region. Further constraint of the lower-atmosphere gravity waves and time dependent propagation effects are needed to improve our understanding of the role which gravity waves play in the dynamical coupling of the atmosphere.
INTEGRAL and Swift/XRT observations of IGR J18179−1621

IGR J18179-1621 is a hard X-ray binary transient discovered recently by INTEGRAL. Here we report on detailed timing and spectral analysis of IGR J18179-1621 in X-rays based on available INTEGRAL and Swift data. From the INTEGRAL analysis, IGR J18179-1621 is detected with a significance of 21.6s in the 1840 keV band by ISGRI and 15.3s in the 325 keV band by JEM-X, between 2012 February 29 and 2012 March 1. We analyse two quasi-simultaneous Swift ToO observations. A clear 11.82-s pulsation is detected above the white noise at a confidence level larger than 99.99 per cent. The pulse fraction is estimated as 22 +/- 8 per cent at 0.210 keV. No sign of pulsation is detected by INTEGRAL/ISGRI in the 1840 keV band. With Swift and INTEGRAL spectra combined in soft and hard X-rays, IGR J18179-1621 could be fitted by an absorbed power law with a high-energy cut-off plus a Gaussian absorption line centred at 21.5 keV. An additional absorption intrinsic to the source is found, while the absorption line is evidence for a most probable origin from cyclotron resonant scattering and suggests a magnetic field in the emitting region of 2.4 x 1012 G.
Quantum-mechanical corrections to the Schwarzschild black-hole metric

Motivated by quantum-mechanical corrections to the Newtonian potential, which can be translated into a -correction to the g00 component of the Schwarzschild metric, we construct a quantum-mechanically corrected metric assuming . We show how the Bekenstein black-hole entropy S receives its logarithmic contribution provided the quantum-mechanical corrections to the metric are negative. In this case the standard horizon at the Schwarzschild radius rS increases by small terms proportional to and a remnant of the order of Planck mass emerges.
Test of the Equivalence Principle in the Dark sector on galactic scales

The Einstein Equivalence Principle is a fundamental principle of the theory of General Relativity. While this principle has been thoroughly tested with standard matter, the question of its validity in the Dark sector remains open. In this paper, we consider a general tensor-scalar theory that allows to test the equivalence principle in the Dark sector by introducing two different conformal couplings to standard matter and to Dark matter. We constrain these couplings by considering galactic observations of strong lensing and of velocity dispersion. Our analysis shows that, in the case of a violation of the Einstein Equivalence Principle, data favour violations through coupling strengths that are of opposite signs for ordinary and Dark matter. At the same time, our analysis does not show any significant deviations from General Relativity.
Global Evolution of an Accretion Disk with a Net Vertical Field: Coronal Accretion, Flux Transport, and Disk Winds

We report results from global ideal MHD simulations that study thin accretion disks (with thermal scale height H/R = 0.1 and 0.05) threaded by net vertical magnetic fields. Our computations span three orders of magnitude in radius, extend all the way to the pole, and are evolved for more than 1000 innermost orbits. We find that (1) inward accretion occurs mostly in the upper magnetically dominated regions of the disk at z ∼ R, similar to predictions from some previous analytical work and the “coronal accretion” flows found in GRMHD simulations. (2) A quasi-static global field geometry is established in which flux transport by inflows at the surface is balanced by turbulent diffusion. The resulting field is strongly pinched inwards at the surface. A steady-state advection–diffusion model, with a turbulent magnetic Prandtl number of order unity, reproduces this geometry well. (3) Weak unsteady disk winds are launched beyond the disk corona with the Alfvén radius RA/R0 ∼ 3. Although the surface inflow is filamentary and the wind is episodic, we show that the time-averaged properties are well-described by steady-wind theory. Even with strong fields, β0 = 103 at the midplane initially, only 5% of the angular momentum transport is driven by the wind, and the wind mass flux from the inner decade of the radius is only ∼0.4% of the mass accretion rate. (4) Within the disk, most of the accretion is driven by the Rϕ stress from the MRI and global magnetic fields. Our simulations have many applications to astrophysical accretion systems.
Selective mutism in China: a nationwide survey and case-control study

Background: Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in particular public settings despite speaking normally in other situations. However, quantitative SM research from China remains scanty at best. In response, this study aimed (1) to describe the sociodemographics and experiences of children and families with SM in China and (2) to identify sociodemographic and environmental correlates of SM in China. Methods: This case-control mixed methods study was composed of 172 cases with SM and 179 controls, recruited by online surveys. Multilevel logistic regression was performed to examine the association between potential correlates and SM. Results: Only 51.2% of SM cases were diagnosed by a professional, and 31.1% of SM cases that received treatment were guided by a professional. Child SM was associated with: having two parents with an introverted personality (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 15.05, (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.39 to 42.07), being born to a mothers aged > 35 (AOR 6.44, 95%CI: 1.24 to 33.43), and having a sibling (AOR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.00 to 3.70). However, child SM was inversely associated with ever receiving bilingual (AOR 0.20, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.39) education or being enrolled in an international school (AOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.35). Conclusions: Findings suggest that many children with SM in China have not received professional treatment or interventions. Hereditary and social environmental factors may be contributing to childhood onset of SM in China. Novel policies such as access to special education resources, SM training for therapists, and school support are needed to enhance the early detection and treatment of SM in China.
It is bad because it limits capacity building here back at home Genetic and genomic researchers perspectives on biological sample sharing in collaborative research

Numerous ethical, legal and social issues arise with biological sample sharing. The study explored the perspectives of genetic/genomic researchers on the sharing of biological samples in international collaborative research. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 researchers. Participants expressed positive attitudes towards biobanking and appreciated the benefits of cross-border sharing of biological samples but noted that this practice had adversely affected local capacity building efforts. There was limited understanding of the ethico-regulatory frameworks governing sample sharing. Researchers emphasized the importance of respecting cultural values in biobanking research. Issues concerning poor governance and inequitable benefit sharing were also raised. There is a need for fair and equitable international collaborations where all researchers are treated with respect and as equal partners.
The COVID-19 burnout scale: development and initial validation

Abstract Background Research on the pandemic-related burnout has focused on work-related burnout especially among healthcare workers, but not in the general population. Aim To develop a valid and reliable instrument scale to measure pandemic-related burnout in the general population. Methods We took several steps to develop the scale items and achieve content and face validity; literature review, panel of experts, calculation of content validity ratio, and cognitive interviews. We assessed structural and construct validity, and reliability of the COVID-19 burnout scale (COVID-19-BS). Results Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified three factors for the COVID-19-BS; emotional exhaustion, physical exhaustion, and exhaustion due to measures against the COVID-19. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the three factors and the COVID-19-BS ranged from 0.860 to 0.921. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.945, and p-value for Bartlett test was <0.001. A significant positive correlation between the three factors and anxiety and depression indicated high concurrent validity. Cohen’s kappa ranged from 0.848 to 0.957, while intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.888 to 0.997. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the final 3-factor model with 13 items of COVID-19-BS is a brief, easy to administer, valid and reliable scale for assessing COVID-19-related burnout in the general public.
Lessons from web scraping coroners' Prevention of Future Deaths reports

In England and Wales, coroners are required to write Prevention of Future Deaths reports when a death is deemed preventable so that action is taken to avert similar deaths. Since July 2013, Prevention of Future Deaths reports have been openly available via the Courts and Tribunals Judiciary website (https://www.judiciary.uk/prevention-of-future-death-reports/). However, their presentation to date have been insufficient to identify trends and learn lessons. We designed a web scraper to create the Preventable Deaths Tracker (https://preventabledeathstracker.net/). On 22 June 2022, 4001 PFDs were scraped, analysed, and compared to the Office of National Statistics’ preventable mortality statistics. This commentary summarises the key findings and offers recommendations to improve the Prevention of Future Deaths system so lessons can be learnt to avert preventable deaths.
Adhesion to VCAM1 and P-selectin Predict Time-to-Resolution (TTR) of Vaso-Occlusive Crisis

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by frequent and unpredictable vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Reliable biomarkers that predict the onset and progression of VOCs in SCD are unavailable, thus the existing standard of care is more focused on VOC intervention as opposed to VOC prevention. Sickle blood cells contribute to VOCs by adhering to the endothelium and aggregating to other blood cells in the circulation through pathologic adhesive interactions. In our previously described ELIPSIS study, blood samples were collected from 35 study subjects with SCD every 3 weeks during self-reported baseline and during self-reported VOCs (at home or in a healthcare setting). An electronic, patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) tool captured daily pain, VOC, and VOC resolution. Flow adhesion of whole blood to VCAM-1 (FA-WB-VCAM) and P-selectin (FA-WB-Psel) were assessed during each visit. Time-To-Resolution was established as the duration between the onset and subject self-reported resolution of VOC resolution and varied between 2 and 48 days. For the subset of TTR limited to [≤] 7 day, TTR was negatively correlated with FA-WB-PSel measured at the onset of VOC (R2=0.45; r=-0.67; p<0.05). Coefficient of determination increased to 0.62 when baseline FA-WB-VCAM levels were used as a second predictor in the multi-parametric model. In such a model, baseline FA-WB-VCAM was positively correlated with TTR at [≤] 7 day, with the difference in the sign of P-selectin and VCAM-1 effect on the reduction of pain (TTR duration) likely reflecting different mechanisms driving VOCs. Supplementation of FA-WB-VCAM and FA-WB-Psel multiparametric model with select blood chemistry biomarkers including several inflammatory mediators, further enhanced models ability to predict TTR. This study indicates that functional biomarkers obtained both at baseline and at the time of VOC can give insight into the time it may take for that specific VOC to resolve. These could assist providers in predicting which VOCs may require more intensive intervention. These data may also identify specific VOC phenotypes, allowing providers to intervene with a more patient-specific approach. Future studies are required to determine if FA-WB-VCAM and FA-WB-Psel can be used clinically to enable a more precision medicine-based approach to manage VOCs and if such an approach could result in improved outcomes and reduced healthcare costs by predicting VOCs for early intervention.
Changes in Treatment and Severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine how the treatment and severity of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has changed over more than two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Methods Electronic health record data were retrieved from the PEDSnet network as part of the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative. The study included data for children ages 0 to 20 years hospitalized for MIS-C from March 1, 2020 through July 20, 2022. Descriptive statistics for MIS-C treatments and laboratory results were computed for three time periods of interest: March 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021 (pre-Delta); June 1 to December 31, 2021 (primarily Delta); January 1 to July 20, 2022 (primarily Omicron). Standardized differences measured the effect size of the difference between Omicron and pre-Omicron cohorts. Results The study included 946 children with a diagnosis of MIS-C. The largest differences in the Omicron period compared to prior years were decreases in the percentage of children with abnormal troponin (effect size = 0.40), abnormal lymphocytes (effect size = 0.33), and intensive care unit (ICU) visits (effect size = 0.34). There were small decreases in the Omicron period for the majority of treatments and abnormal laboratory measurements examined, including infliximab, anticoagulants, furosemide, aspirin, IVIG without steroids, echocardiograms, mechanical ventilation, platelets, ferritin, and sodium. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that the severity of MIS-C declined in the first half of the year 2022 relative to prior years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
Corrosion Analysis of RCC Beam using Simplified FEM Model

The durability of the reinforced concrete structures highly influenced by many important factors including steel corrosion. Corrosion starts off with the availability of the water and oxygen, products formed due to this get deposited in the interface between the concrete and steel. As the depositing corrosion volume increases, an expansive pressure at the interface exerts on the surrounding concrete and eventually causes structural degradation, which reduces concrete and steel bond. This work focuses on a parametric study on rust expansion pressure to understand the effect of grade of concrete, diameter of the rebar, position of the rebar and c/d ratio using ABAQUS software. After the analysis, it is found that rust expansion pressure increases as the grade of concrete and c/d ratio increases, which means the pressure required to cause surface cracks due to corrosion is more in higher grades concrete and high c/d ratio. Position of the bar did not affect the corrosion pressure requirement to cause surface cracks. As the corrosion level increased, deflection of the beam also increased. But position of the corroded reinforcing bars in the beam slightly affects the deflection of the beam.
Cross-scale Correlations in Imbalanced Solar Wind Turbulence: Parker Solar Probe Observations

Based on Parker Solar Probe observations, this paper investigates the proton temperature, bulk speed, proton-scale magnetic helicity, and spectral index in the parameter space of (P I , σ c ), where P I is the magnetic energy density and σ c is the normalized cross helicity at proton inertial scales. Various correlations between these parameters are discussed and their relations are explored. These correlations indicate the following: (1) the turbulence with a larger P I is characterized by a higher σ c ; (2) a larger P I corresponds to a higher proton temperature, faster bulk speed, and steeper proton-scale magnetic spectrum; (3) a higher σ c accounts for higher proton-scale magnetic helicity. In particular, the P I has the largest correlation coefficient (CC) of 0.85 with proton temperature and has a considerably large CC of 0.70 with a proton-scale spectral index. The σ c has a moderate CC of 0.52 with magnetic helicity in the low β p case (β p < 0.6), where β p is the ratio of plasma to magnetic pressure. The correlation between σ c and P I is considerable with a CC exceeding 0.6 in the low β p case and tends to be negligible when β p approaches 1.5. These findings could be understood by the recently discovered “helicity barrier” effect and underline the importance of the generalized helicity invariant in low β p collisionless plasma for understanding imbalanced solar wind turbulence.
Spin dynamics in gravitational fields of rotating bodies and the equivalence principle

We discuss the quantum and classical dynamics of a particle with spin in the gravitational field of a rotating source. A relativistic equation describing the motion of classical spin in curved spacetimes is obtained. We demonstrate that the precession of the classical spin is in a perfect agreement with the motion of the quantum spin derived from the Foldy-Wouthuysen approach for the Dirac particle in a curved spacetime. We show that the precession effect depends crucially on the choice of a tetrad. The results obtained are compared to the earlier computations for different tetrad gauges.
Use of traditional and complementary medicine for COVID 19 prophylaxis among healthcare professionals and students in Jordan: A cross-sectional study

Introduction There is inadequate evidence to recommend the use of any traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) methods such as vitamin, mineral, herbal or other dietary supplements to prevent or treat COVID 19. Members of the medical team are particularly at risk of exposure to high viral load of coronavirus. They have also the best access to professional information regarding disease treatment and prophylaxis and disseminate such knowledge. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of use of T&CM for the prophylaxis of COVID 19 among the healthcare professionals and students in Jordan, along with the most common types and the factors associated with T&CM use. Methodology A cross-sectional study of T&CM use was conducted in Jordan using a snowball sampling method to distribute Google Forms and to enrol participants during coronavirus outbreak between June 10, 2021, and August 28, 2021. The study included healthcare professionals or students who consented to participate in the survey. The survey excluded those participants who had filled the questionnaire at least once or were pregnant/breast-feeding at the time of the study. The questionnaire consisted of 29 items, including screening, checkbox, dichotomous, matrix and open-ended questions. Results The response rate was 97.1%. Out of 560 study respondents, 359 (64.1%) reported using T&CM for COVID 19 prevention. Vitamins and nutrients were consumed by almost half (48.4%) of study participants, while nonpharmacological methods and herbal remedies were consumed by 35.2% and 25.2%, respectively. The most common source of information regarding T&CM use for COVID 19 prophylaxis included scientific publications (59.5%), followed by disease treatment guidelines (38.0%) and social media (32.3%). Adverse effects were reported by 8.5% and possible adverse effects were reported by another 8.5% of participants. The T&CM use was associated with working in contact with COVID 19 patients (OR: 1.625 (95% CI 1.047–2.523) (P = 0.03) and having a colleague as a source of information (OR: 1.720 (95% CI 1.026–2.883) (P = 0.04). Conclusions The prevalence of T&CM use for COVID 19 prevention among healthcare professionals and students in Jordan is high, with a significant proportion of participants reporting adverse effects. There is an urgent need for further research toward efficacy and safety of T&CM in COVID 19 prophylaxis as well as development of appropriate public health policy on this issue specific to each country.
An Acid Response IR780-Based Targeted Nanoparticle for Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Ovarian Cancer

Introduction Complete resection of all visible disease (R0 resection) is critical for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients, and accurate real-time guidance provided by intraoperative near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence images is beneficial for achieving complete resection of all visible disease. Methods Based on the optical properties of IR780 and the characteristics of the acidic tumor microenvironment, we develop a new smart nanoparticle (eg, FA-IR780&PFOB-SNPs) by using the pH response nano framework (FA-PEG-PLGA-PEOz) and adjusting the amount of IR780. The FA-IR780&PFOB-SNPs was characterized for morphology, microstructure, particle size, pH-response, drug-loading efficiency and biological safety. The ultraclear fluorescence Navigation Endoscopy System was applied to evaluate the tumor recognition of FA-IR780&PFOB-SNPs in vivo. Results The structure of FA-IR780&PFOB-SNPs was stable in a neutral environment, and the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence was turned off, while the structure of FA-IR780&PFOB-SNPs was degraded in the acidic tumour microenvironment, and the NIR fluorescence was turned on. Through the ovarian subcutaneous xenograft tumour and ovarian intraperitoneal xenograft tumour models, it was confirmed that FA-IR780&PFOB-SNPs could clearly display the boundaries of abdominal micron-sized tumours through near-infrared fluorescence imaging, with a TBR greater than 5. Conclusion The FA-IR780&PFOB-SNPs have the potential to provide to ovarian cancer intraoperative near infrared fluorescence navigation during precision tumour resection to achieve R0 and improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.