Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of water colour on lake hydrodynamics: a modelling study

1) The one-dimensional equation solver, PROBE, was used to simulate the temperature structure of Lake Erken, a medium-sized Swedish lake, assuming differing extinction coefficients for a series of modelled years driven by observed meteorological data and by a set of idealised meteorological data. 2) Results suggested that, although, as expected, larger extinction coefficients initially led to surface waters becoming warmer, the reverse was true late in the summer, as the warming induced by greater absorption of solar radiation was outweighed by the cooling effects of entrainment of colder hypolimnetic water. 3) There was between a two- and fourfold inter-annual variation in the effects on key physical lake parameters, induced by changing extinction coefficient, such as maximum heat flux, heat content and Schmidt stability. 4) The change in surface heat flux induced by a change in extinction coefficient was up to almost 50 Wm-2. 5) In the summer, changes in extinction coefficient from 0.5 m-1 to 0.2 m-1 led to a dramatic shift in the duration of the stratified period as well as to enormous changes in Schmidt stability and hypolimnetic temperature. 6) Future changes to extinction coefficients of small and medium-sized lakes are likely to have wide ranging effects on the lakes’ thermal structure and ecology.
Salt‐ and pyrophosphate‐induced structural changes in myofibrils from chicken red and white muscles

Myofibrils isolated from post-rigor chicken Pectoralis major (PM, white) and Gastrocnemius (Gas, red) muscles were irrigated with various concentrations of NaCl (0.1–1.0 M) with or without 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate at pH 5.5 and 6.0. Structural changes were examined using phase contrast microscopy. PM myofibril samples tended to show more definitive H-zones but obscure Z-lines compared to Gas myofibrils. Significant myofibril swelling, accompanied by a pronounced protein extraction, occurred in 0.5 M NaCl solution. The extent of swelling as well as protein extraction increased with the NaCl concentration up to about 0.8 M. Addition of pyrophosphate facilitated myofibril swelling and reduced the minimal NaCl concentration for swelling to 0.4 M. Without pyrophosphate, protein extraction for both PM and Gas myofibrils occurred along the A-band, sometimes starting from the centre, but when pyrophosphate was added, the extraction began from the ends of the A-band. At pH 5.5, protein extraction was similar for PM and Gas, but at pH 6.0, PM myofibrils were more extractable and their architecture changed more extensively than Gas myofibrils, especially when pyrophosphate was present. The results may explain the different water-imbibing abilities of white and red meat when processed with salt and phosphate. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Un aperçu sur l’écologie du chevrotain africain Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby, Artiodactyle Tragulidé

Toutes les observations ont e*te effectu^es dans la region de Makokou, au nord-est du Gabon (0°34' N, 12°52' E) ( l ) , dans un rayon n'excedant ge'ne'ralement pas 30 km autour de cette localite. Dans cette region, les chevrotains ne rencontrant pas de barrieres terrestres, aquatiques ou ocologiques, on peut considorer qu'il s'agit d'une population unique. Ces donn^es de nature se rapportent ä deux poriodes distinctes : 1962-1965 et 1969-1972. Pendant chacune d'elles, nous avons effectue* plusieurs sojours de courte duroe (3 ä 6 mois) ä difierentes saisons, ce qui n'a pas permis une e*tude suivie des phenomenes. Cependant le nombre et regalement dans le temps des differents se*jours fournit un aper^u ge'ne'ral de Ideologie de Tespece.
Sex ratios, sexual maturity, fecundity, and spawning seasonality of Metapenaeus dobsoni off the western coastal waters of Sri Lanka

The reproductive biology of Metapenaeus dobsoni, the most abundant species caught in coastal trawls off Sri Lanka, was studied from samples collected from two main fishing grounds during January 2009 to April 2010. This information is important for developing scientifically sound management measures, as current management is based only on artisanal knowledge. Data obtained included sex ratios, fecundity, gonadosomatic index (%GSI), and morphometric characters with respect to maturity. Size at 50% sexual maturity (L 50m) and size at 50% insemination (L 50in) were estimated for females. In males, L 50m was determined based on the presence of spermatophores in the terminal ampoule. Synchronous seasonal gametogenesis with some asynchrony among individuals was found. Impregnated females were found throughout the year. The GSI and histological examination suggested a prolonged spawning season in M. dobsoni, reaching peaks in August–January and March. Sex ratio, defined as the proportion of females to the total, increased steadily in size beyond 2.35 cm carapace length (CL) and reached 100% at sizes >3.8 cm CL. Estimated population parameters of the species will be important for the sustainable management of this resource.
Why are organelles uniparentally inherited?

Uniparental inheritance of organelles is a very common trait but one that has received few attempts at evolutionary explanation. The most commonly adopted theory emphasizes the potentially deleterious behaviour of selfish cytoplasmic replicators and considers uniparental inheritance as a character whereby nuclear genes may avoid the spread of these cytoplasmic replicators. Here, the autonomous evolution of cytoplasmic genes is considered and an alternative evolutionary pathway to uniparental inheritance is described. The process involves specialization of organelles to cell lines, with invasion of the cytoplasm by cytoplasmic replicators specialized to replicate in the female germ-line. As a result, the nature of selection is modified and other cytoplasmic genes (especially selfish replicators) cannot spread: uniparental inheritance appears, then, to be a stable mode of inheritance. The conditions that lead to this evolutionary process are studied; it appears that the constraints caused by the evolution of anisogamy are of great importance and that the distribution of mutations can cause major differences in the evolutionary outcome.
Formal institutional uncertainty and equity sought on foreign market entry: does industry matter?

Purpose This study aims to examine how the effect of host country formal institutional uncertainty on the percentage of equity sought in cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) is moderated by the host country industry (i.e. targets from the technology versus those from the non-technology industry). Design/methodology/approach This study is based upon the legitimacy perspective of institutional theory and uses Tobit regression analysis on a sample of 1,340 CBAs. Findings Results show that cross-border acquirers prefer a lower equity level for targets in institutionally less developed countries and that this negative effect of the host country institutional risk on the equity percentage sought is more pronounced for technology-based targets. Research limitations/implications Three major limitations of the study are as follows: The data were collected from only Japanese acquirers. The study measured formal institutional uncertainty by applying only secondary data. The study used the Bloomberg Industry Classification Systems, instead of the Standard Industry Classification that has been used widely in prior studies. Practical implications This study shows that the industry selected has a bearing on equity sought in CBAs. Investing in institutionally less developed countries is particularly challenging when the targets of acquisition are in the technology industry. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the moderating effects of an industry on the relationship between host country formal institutional uncertainty and the percentage of equity sought in CBAs.
Production and Marketing Constraints of Cotton Under Smallholders: The Case of Arbaminch Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia

The study focused on the analysis of production and marketing constraints of cotton among rural farmers in Arbaminch Zuria district of Southern Region of Ethiopia. A total of 68 respondents were interviewed using questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and to identify major production and marketing constraints. The main production constraints noticed were inadequate knowledge of recommended packages and practices, non-availability of improved seed both in quality and quantity, lack of technical knowledge regarding the crop and insects, pests and disease attack. The main marketing constraints that hampered smallholder cotton producers were non-availability of reliable market information, price fluctuation, involvement of large number of intermediaries/ brokers in marketing, smallness of quantity to be sold, product absence of cooperatives among producers and lack of value addition in the seedcotton product. Given the high local demand for cotton and the potential for expansion, it is important to address these challenges for producers to benefit from market opportunities and increase their income. However, dealing with these challenges will require a whole value chain approach. Keywords : Cotton, Production, Marketing, Constraints, Smallholder producers, Arbaminch Zuria DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/67-01 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
Preparation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of g-C3N4/ZnO composite

The photocatalytic composite of g-C3N4/ZnO with different g-C3N4 content have been prepared by thermopolymerization method. The catalysts are characterized and analyzed by SEM, XRD, UV-Vis, BET and other analytical methods. The results show that g-C3N4/ZnO composites caused the red shift of the absorption band edge of ZnO, which increased the absorption of visible light and the separation rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. It is found that the H2 production rate of 25% g-C3N4/ZnO sample is best with 306.25 μmol∙h-1∙g-1, which is 4.6 times higher than of g-C3N4.
AutoParBench: a unified test framework for OpenMP-based parallelizers

This paper describes AutoParBench, a framework to test OpenMP-based automatic parallelization tools. The core idea of this framework is a common representation, called a "JSON snapshot", that normalizes the output produced by auto-parallelizers. By converting---automatically---this output to the common representation, AutoPar-Bench lets us compare auto-parallelizers among themselves, and compare them semantically against a reference collection. Currently, this reference collection consists of 99 programs with 1,579 loops. AutoParBench produces graphic or quantitative reports that lead to fast bug discovery. By investigating differences in snapshots produced by separate sources, i.e., tool-vs-tool or tool-vs-reference, we have discovered 3 unique bugs in ICC, 2 in DawnCC, 4 in AutoPar and 2 in Cetus. These bugs have been acknowledged, and at least one of them was repaired as direct consequence of this work.
Taking the helm at the family operation under the watchful eye of the predecessor: Succession in European horticulture and agriculture

Introduction In 2013, in the EU 28 there were 10.8 million farms of which approximately 96% were family farms. A family farm is a farm under family management where family workers provide at least 50% of the regular labor. These family farms manage 120 million ha agricultural land, which is 68% of the total agricultural land used for cultivationa in the European Union (Eurostat, 2016). European family farms are currently facing a number of challenges, for instance the development of farms towards larger and more specialized operations (Howley et al., 2012). Agricultural family businesses struggle to find the necessary workforce to maintain their farm and in addition raise successors, which allows for continued existence and development of the farms (Lobley et al., 2016; Burton and Fischer, 2015). This trend is also reflected in soSummary
Arthropod introductions for biological control of weeds in New Zealand, 1929 - 1995

A number of arthropod species exotic to New Zealand have been purposefully introduced for biological control ofweeds. A smaller number of specialist weed-feeding insects have arrived accidentally and established here. These introductions have been beneficial to New Zealand through their deleterious impact on exotic weedy species. Recent purposeful introductions of new species have been made to contribute towards biological control of seven weed species, and four more weeds are currently the subject of investigations to identify suitable control agents.
SENSITIVITY OF ERICOID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND MYCORRHIZAL CALLUNA VULGARIS TO COPPER MINE SPOIL FROM AVOCA, COUNTY WICKLOW

Abstract:Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from roots of Calluna vulgaris collected from mine spoil at abandoned copper mines at Avoca, County Wicklow, Ireland, and Parys Mountain, Anglesey, Wales. Two isolates were morphologically identical to Hymenoscyphus ericae and formed typical ericoid mycorrhizal associations. Four fungal isolates— the two mine-site isolates and two H. ericae isolates (obtained from uncontaminated sites) were grown in liquid media containing elevated levels of Cu and Zn. All isolates were determined to have a low sensitivity to these metals, with EC₅₀ values (concentration of metal causing 50% reduction in mycelial dry mass) in the range 0.3-0.9mM Cu and 1.2-5.5mM Zn, but there were differences in metal sensitivity between isolates. There was a significant decline in the tolerance of each isolate to increasing concentrations of mine spoil (up to 10% in the agar medium). Mycorrhizal amelioration of heavy-metal toxicity was determined by growing mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) rooted cuttings of C. vulgaris on mine spoil. Rooted cuttings obtained from an uncontaminated site showed no response to mycorrhizal colonisation. However, C. vulgaris obtained from the Avoca site and inoculated with H. ericae performed better than NM plants. The improved growth of these plants was associated with a reduction in Cu within the host's shoot. Inoculation of C. vulgaris with an ericoid mycorrhizal fungus isolated from the Avoca mine site also reduced Cu accumulation within shoots but there was no change in the growth and Zn accumulation of C. vulgaris on mine spoil. Results are discussed in relation to the potential benefit of the ericoid mycorrhizal association to C. vulgaris at metal contaminated sites.
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria from Kung-Som: isolation, screening, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria

Summary Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from Kung-Som at various fermentation periods. Only ten strains, named D2SM22, D6SM3, D6SM24, D6SM26, D8SM21, D10SM5, D10SM11, D10SM16, D10SM20 and D16SM26 showed a survival rate of more than 50% under the simulated gastric juice. After being subjected to simulated gastric juice, four strains (D6SM3, D8SM21, D10SM16 and D10SM20) showed a survival rate of more than 50% in simulated small intestinal juices. Growth of strain D6SM3, D8SM21 and D10SM16 under micro-aerobic and anaerobic conditions was not different. Tested pathogenic strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella sp.) were inhibited by probiotic LAB. However, none of strains could produce bacteriocins. All strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. No differences in pH, acidity, LAB count and liking scores between Kung-Som produced with starter culture and conventional method were observed (P > 0.01).
The Soluble CTLA-4 Receptor and its Emerging Role in Autoimmune Diseases

CTLA-4, expressed by activated T and B lymphocytes, is a co-stimulatory receptor transducing a potent inhibitory signal. Increasing evidence showed CTLA-4 gene as an important susceptibility locus for autoimmune endocrinopathies and other autoimmune disorders. A soluble form of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) was recently found and shown to possess CD80/CD86 binding activity and in vitro immuno-regulatory functions. sCTLA4 is generated by alternatively spliced mRNA. Low levels of sCTLA-4 have been detected in normal human serum, but increased serum levels have been observed in several autoimmune diseases (e.g. Graves’ disease, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, systemic sclerosis, celiac disease and autoimmune pancreatitis disease). The biological significance of increased sCTLA-4 serum level has not been fully clarified. On one hand, we can hypothesize that sCTLA-4 can specifically inhibit the early T-cell activation by blocking the interaction of CD80/CD86 with the costimulatory receptor CD28. On the other hand, higher levels of sCTLA-4 could compete with membrane-bound CTLA-4 for CD80/CD86, in later T lymphocytes activation phase, causing a reduction of inhibitory signaling. Thus, this doubleedged nature of CD80/CD86 blocking by sCTLA-4 may result in different outcomes during the clinical course of the dis-
Genotype evaluation and breeding of poultry for performance under sub-optimal village conditions

Indigenous and local breeds still contribute meaningfully to poultry meat and egg production and consumption in developing countries, where they make up to 90% of the total poultry population. This is so because they are well-adapted to the extensive husbandry (scavenging) conditions, with very low levels of inputs, under which they are maintained, usually together with other domestic animals. However, the vast majority of these breeds are not or poorly described. In addition, according to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, about 40% of avian breeds are of unknown risk status. Thus, considerable efforts are needed in order to evaluate these breeds. Genetic improvement of these indigenous breeds is a challenging, but not impossible, task. Such improvement should not lead to a loss of their desirable characteristics. Different breeding strategies are discussed in light of the lessons learnt from previous experiences.
Compliance with design principles: a case study of a widely used laboratory information system.

Background Laboratory information systems are widely used health information systems that have the potential to improve health care quality. Despite their benefits, many studies have indicated problems with user interaction with these systems due to poor interface design. Aims To evaluate the usability of a laboratory information system. Methods In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we used heuristic evaluation to examine the user interface design of a laboratory information system in an academic hospital affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2017. This system is also used in 59 other Iranian hospitals . We investigated the usability of different parts of the usability of a laboratory information system (outpatient admission, inpatient admission, sample collection, and test result reporting). Data were collected using a standard form based on the heuristic evaluation method, and categorized based on their severity and violated heuristics. The content validity was confirmed by 3 medical informatics specialists. Results We identified 162 usability problems. In terms of the heuristics, the highest number of problems concerned flexibility and efficiency of use (n = 32, 19.75%) and the lowest concerned help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors (n = 2, 1.23%). In terms of different modules of the system, the highest number of problems (n = 51, 31.48%) concerned outpatient admission and the lowest (n = 29, 17.9%) concerned sample collection. In terms of severity, 45.06% of the problems were rated as major. Conclusions Despite widespread use of laboratory information systems, their user interface design has usability problems that diminish the quality of user interaction with these systems and may affect the quality of health care. Consideration of standards and principles for user interface design, such as the heuristics used in this study, could improve system usability.
Supplementing Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169 does not affect methane production or volatile fatty acid profiles of different diets in in vitro rumen cultures from heifers

Abstract Effects of Propionibacterium acidipropionici P169 on gas, methane (CH4) production and volatile fatty acids in in vitro rumen cultures were studied. Ground barley (Experiment 1), mixed forage (Experiment 2) or mixed concentrate-forage (Experiment 3) served as substrates. Three doses of P169 were used in Experiments 1 and 2 [1.2 × 104; 1.2 × 106; 1.2 × 108 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL], while two doses (2.4 × 106; 2.4 × 108 CFU/mL) were used in Experiment 3. In Experiment 1, P169 increased (P < 0.05) gas production at 6–12 h and CH4 (mL/g diet dry matter) at all times. In Experiment 2, CH4 was increased at 6 h (P < 0.01). At 12 h, propionate declined (P < 0.01) in Experiment 1 and increased at 48 h in Experiment 3. The inability of P169 to increase propionate and its lack of persistence in mixed ruminal cultures may account for its inability to alter CH4 production.
Endophytic fungi of some halophytes from an estuarine mangrove forest

Four halophytes belonging to three dicotyledon families, Acanthaceae, Aizoaceae and Chenopodiaceae, were screened for the presence of fungal endophytes. Thirty-six species of fungi, including some sterile forms, were isolated. Camarosporium species showed some degree of host preference as they were the dominant endophytes of the halophytes of Chenopodiaceae but were absent from the other halophytes. Some genera such as Colletotrichum, Phomopsis, Phyllosticta and Sporormiella were ubiquitous.
Seasonal Habitat and Diet Partitioning between Two Sympatric Bovid Species in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve (Northern Benin): Waterbuck and Western Kob

Niche theory suggests differential use of shared resources facilitates coexistence of species in a community. In this study we used the faecal stable isotope analysis with observations along transect lines perpendicular to the Pendjari River. This was to examine seasonal habitat features and diet partitioning between two sympatric bovid species waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) and western kob (Kobus kob) in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve. In support of niche partition hypothesis, diets of western kob and waterbuck diverged significantly along both faecal selection axes (d13C and d15N) during the resource-limited period of the dry season as opposed to wet season when there is resource abundance. Western kob and waterbuck resource partitioning does not occur only on the basis of diet segregation but also some habitat variables play an important role in the coexisting system. Findings support the niche partition hypothesis, where morphologically, ecologically and closely related sympatric species segregate at least in one of the niche dimensions to allow coexistence. The two bovid species were observed to diverge largely along distance to water source gradient. The results provided empirical evidence that habitat features acts as an additional dimension over which herbivores partition resources.