Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modifications of magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt thin layers by focused gallium ion beam irradiation

We show how the magnetic properties of the Pt/Co ultrathin film structure can be modified and even controlled under uniform irradiation by Ga+ ions at low fluence in the 20–100 keV range. A systematic magneto-optical study is presented for the Pt/Co(1.4 nm)/Pt(111) ultrathin-film structure. At ion fluences below D=1014 Ga+/cm2, the coercive field is steadily reduced when increasing the fluence. At large fluences, in the range D=(5–10)×1014 Ga+ ions/cm2, the magnetization of the Co layer drops rapidly and the film finally becomes paramagnetic at room temperature for D>2×1015 Ga+ ions/cm2. We demonstrate that these magnetic changes are related to the effect of ion-induced collisional intermixing of the Co/Pt interfaces, leading to the formation of stable Co–Pt alloys with varying composition across the interfaces. A simple model is derived to relate the ion beam-induced mixing to the changes in magnetic properties. The present work allows us to gain a quantitative understanding of previous experiments using.
The tropical tropopause

The physical meaning of several different tropical tropopause definitions is examined using atmospheric data from a variety of sources, and model output. The conventional lapse‐rate definition of the tropopause appears to have little physical relevance in the tropics, although it is easy to use operationally. A four year ‘climatology’ of the tropical tropopause from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses is presented. The zonal mean picture shows the annual cycle in properties that has been related to the extratropical stratospheric wave pump. However, there are large and important zonal asymmetries. These include a relatively low pressure and temperature at the tropopause near the west Pacific heating region during December—January—February, and a striking region with low pressure on the tropopause over India during June—July—August. Results from a baroclinic model with imposed diabatic heating are used to support the hypothesis that both these features can be attributed to the direct response of the atmosphere to a large‐scale region of tropospheric diabatic heating. It is proposed that the stratospheric pump provides the general picture for the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region, but that tropospheric convection is crucial in determining the important zonal asymmetries in this region.
A Pilot Study of Plantar Mechanics Distributions and Fatigue Profiles after Running on a Treadmill: Using a Support Vector Machine Algorithm

The treadmill is widely used in running fatigue experiments, and the variation of plantar mechanical parameters caused by fatigue and gender, as well as the prediction of fatigue curves by a machine learning algorithm, play an important role in providing different training programs. This experiment aimed to compare changes in peak pressure (PP), peak force (PF), plantar impulse (PI), and gender differences of novice runners after they were fatigued by running. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to predict the fatigue curve according to the changes in PP, PF, and PI before and after fatigue. 15 healthy males and 15 healthy females completed two runs at a speed of 3.3 m/s ± 5% on a footscan pressure plate before and after fatigue. After fatigue, PP, PF, and PI decreased at hallux (T1) and second-fifth toes (T2–5), while heel medial (HM) and heel lateral (HL) increased. In addition, PP and PI also increased at the first metatarsal (M1). PP, PF, and PI at T1 and T2–5 were significantly higher in females than in males, and metatarsal 3–5 (M3–5) were significantly lower in females than in males. The SVM classification algorithm results showed the accuracy was above average level using the T1 PP/HL PF (train accuracy: 65%; test accuracy: 75%), T1 PF/HL PF (train accuracy: 67.5%; test accuracy: 65%), and HL PF/T1 PI (train accuracy: 67.5%; test accuracy: 70%). These values could provide information about running and gender-related injuries, such as metatarsal stress fractures and hallux valgus. Application of the SVM to the identification of plantar mechanical features before and after fatigue. The features of the plantar zones after fatigue can be identified and the learned algorithm of plantar zone combinations with above-average accuracy (T1 PP/HL PF, T1 PF/HL PF, and HL PF/T1 PI) can be used to predict running fatigue and supervise training. It provided an important idea for the detection of fatigue after running.
Stellar Populations in the Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 4900

We present OASIS observations obtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope for the SB(rs)c galaxy NGC 4900. About 800 spectra in the wavelength range 4700-5500 AA and 6270- 7000 AA have been collected with a spatial resolution of ~50 pc. This galaxy is part of a sample to study the stellar populations and their history in the central region of galaxies. In this paper, we present our iterative technique developed to describe consistently the different stellar com- ponents seen through emission and absorption lines. In NGC 4900 we find many young bursts of star formation distributed along the galaxy large scale bar on each side of the nucleus. They represent nearly 40 per cent of the actual stellar mass in the field of view. The age for these bursts ranges from 5.5 to 8 Myr with a metallicity near and above 2 Zsun . The extinction map gives E(B-V) values from 0.19+/-0.01 near the youngest bursts to 0.62+/-0.06 in a dusty internal bar perpendicular to the large scale bar. The Mg 2 and Fe I absorption lines indicate the superposition of a background stellar population with an age between 100 Myr to 3 Gyr and a sub-solar metallicity on average. We propose that all these episodes of star formation are the consequence of a secular evolution. In this scenario, the galactic large scale bar plays an important role with respect to the recent bursts and the dusty nuclear bar observed. The iterative technique allows us to improve the determination of the stellar population parameters, mainly an older age is obtained for the old component and more reliable stellar population masses are found. A composite/transition type activity in the galaxy nucleus is also revealed with this technique.
The class of recursively enumerable subsets of a recursively enumerable set

For any set α, let ΘA denote the index set of the class of all recursively enumerable (r. e.) subsets of a (i.e., if {TFaJâ o is a standard enumeration of all r.e. sets, ΘA — {x I Wx c a}.) The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible Turing degrees of the sets θA when a is r.e. It is proved that if b is any nonrecursive r.e. degree, the Turing degrees of sets ΘA for a r.e. , a e b, are exactly the degrees c > 0' such that e is r.e. in b.
Route to intense single attosecond pulses

A feasibility study is presented for the generation of single attosecond pulses using harmonics produced by planar targets irradiated at high intensities. The investigation focuses on the interaction of a few-optical cycles, carrier-envelope phase controlled, near-infrared laser pulse with an overdense plasma. The results obtained using an one-dimensional particle-in-cell code indicate that at laser intensities of 1020 W cm−2 a single sub-fs pulse can be generated in the 20–70 eV spectral range with an efficiency of a few per cent and with 10−3 to 10−4 for higher photon energies.
Another Canonical Time Variation of X-Rays from Black Hole Candidates in the Very High Flare State?

An X-ray nova, Nova Muscae 1991 or GS 1124-68, was observed with the LAC on board Ginga. On 1991 January 22, 7 days after its X-ray maximum, the same time variations were discovered as those observed in GX 339-4 at its near-flare maximum. The phase lags between different energy X-rays showed a peculiar large and broad peak, which was the same as that observed in GX 339-4. Shapes of the power spectrum density functions were similar, and indices of the power-law component of the X-ray energy spectra were the same
Mirror mode structures and ELF plasma waves in the Giacobini-Zinner magnetosheath

Abstract. We show evidence for mirror mode structures at comet Giacobini-Zinner. These are plasma structures with alternating high s and low s regions driven unstable when s /s > 1+ 1/ . These structures are detected in a region just adjacent to the magnetic tail and have scale sizes of ≈ 12 H2O group ion cyclotron radii. Calculations are presented to show that mirror mode instability can occur due to the perpendicular pressure associated with H2O+ cometary pickup ions in the region of mirror mode observation. Adjacent regions (in the magnetic tail and further in the sheath) are found to be stable to the mirror mode. Plasma waves are detected in relation with the mirror mode structures. Low frequency 56 to 100 Hz waves are present in the high beta portions, and high frequency, 311 Hz to 10 kHz, waves are present in low beta regions. These may be electromagnetic lion roar waves and electrostatic festoon-shaped waves, respectively, in analogy to plasma waves detected in the Earth's magnetosheath.
Tests of Hypotheses for the General Gauss‐Markov Model

Some theorems connected with testing the linear hypotheses in the case of the fixed general Gauss-Markov model are given. The assumptions are as follows. Let y = Xβ + e be a fixed model where residuals ea, …, en being coordinates of the random column vector e are normally distributed with means zero and a known covariance matrix α2V non-singular or singular and an unknown scalar parameter α2. Suppose that the known matrix X is n × p with rank r(X) = r⩽pn, where pis a number of coordinates of the unknown parameter vector β. The expected value of the random vector y with n coordinates constitutes the vector α(y) = Xβ. The formulas of the test functions (cf. theorems 2.1, 2.2, 2.3) contain c-inverse matrices T− (defined by the condition TT−T = T), and some others when T = V + XBX′ and B = B′ is any symmetric matrix such that (cf. RAO (1971), OKTABA (1982)) r (V:X) = r (V + XBX′); (V:X) denotes matrix with two submatrices V and X. Mutual orthogonal conditions for a set of estimable parametric functions are introduced and used in the decomposition of the sum of squares for the linear hypothesis into orthogonal sums of squares each on one degree of freedom. Each of these hypotheses can be verified by the random variable F as in the analysis of variance. Some applications (cf. sections 4.1 and 4.2) of three theorems are given. Calculations without an electronic computer are rather tedious.
Procedures in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treating Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disease with no effective treatment. Altered microbiota composition seems implicated in disease etiology and therefore fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a possible treatment therapy. To clarify the clinical parameters impacting FMT efficacy, we conducted a systematic review with subgroup analysis. Methods: A literature search was performed identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing FMT with placebo in IBS adult patients (8-week follow-up) with a reported improvement in global IBS symptoms. Results: Seven RCTs (489 participants) met the eligibility requirements. Although FMT seems not to be effective in global improvement of IBS symptoms, subgroup analysis shows that FMT through gastroscopy or nasojejunal tube are effective IBS treatments (RR 3.03; 95% CI 1.94–4.73; I2 = 10%, p < 0.00001). When considering non-oral ingestion routes, IBS patients with constipation symptoms are more likely to benefit from FMT administration (p = 0.003 for the difference between IBS subtypes regarding constipation). Fresh fecal transplant and bowel preparation seem also to have impact on FMT efficacy (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed a set of critical steps that could affect the efficacy of FMT as clinical procedure to treat IBS, nevertheless more RCTs are needed.
Effect of Fractal Topology on the Resistivity Response of Thin Film Sensors

We discuss the effect of topological inhomogeneity of very thin metallic conductometric sensors on their response to external stimuli, such as pressure, intercalation, or gas absorption, that modify the material’s bulk conductivity. The classical percolation model was extended to the case in which several independent scattering mechanisms contribute to resistivity. The magnitude of each scattering term was predicted to grow with the total resistivity and diverge at the percolation threshold. We tested the model experimentally using thin films of hydrogenated palladium and CoPd alloys where absorbed hydrogen atoms occupying the interstitial lattice sites enhance the electron scattering. The hydrogen scattering resistivity was found to grow linearly with the total resistivity in the fractal topology range in agreement with the model. Enhancement of the absolute magnitude of the resistivity response in the fractal range thin film sensors can be particularly useful when the respective bulk material response is too small for reliable detection.
Transport theoretic solutions for auroral proton and H atom fluxes and related quantities

In this paper we show that linear transport theory may be used to solve for the auroral proton and H atom fluxes in plane-parallel geometry in the forward scattering and average discrete energy loss approximations. In this approximation, inelastic scattering is taken into account, but elastic scattering drops out and the solutions are approximations to the fluxes in the downward hemisphere. Using the multiple scattering method, we obtain the particle fluxes are finite sums of anlaytic functions of altitude, energy, and pitch angle. Closed form expressions are also found for the hemispherically averaged fluxes and the energy deposition and ionization rates. The notion of pseudoparticles is discussed and used to approximate the sums that occur in the above formulae. Results are presented for incident isotropic-Maxwellian proton fluxes.
Numerical Error in Weighting Function-Based Unsteady Friction Models for Pipe Transients

The accurate simulation of pressure transients in pipelines and pipe networks is becoming increasingly important in water engineering. Applications such as inverse transient analysis for condition assessment, leak detection, and pipe roughness calibration require accurate modeling of transients for longer simulation periods that, in many situations, requires improved modeling of unsteady frictional behavior. In addition, the numerical algorithm used for unsteady friction should be highly efficient, as inverse analysis requires the transient model to be run many times. A popular model of unsteady friction that is applicable to a short-duration transient event type is the weighting function-based type, as first derived by Zielke in 1968. Approximation of the weighting function with a sum of exponential terms allows for a considerable increase in computation speed using recursive algorithms. A neglected topic in the application of such models is evaluation of numerical error. This paper presents a discussion and quantification of the numerical errors that occur when using weighting function-based models for the simulation of unsteady friction in pipe transients. Comparisons of numerical error arising from approximations are made in the Fourier domain where exact solutions can be determined. Additionally, the relative impor- tance of error in unsteady friction modeling and unsteady friction itself in the context of general simulation is discussed.
Less exposed, more vulnerable? Understanding the sexual victimization of women with disabilities under the lens of victimological theories

This study aims to examine the sexual victimization process of individuals with disabilities using the interactional victimology theoretical framework. Specifically, we compare the victimological indicators of four different situations: victims were not disabled, victims were physically disabled, victims were psychologically disabled, and finally, victims were both physically and psychologically disabled. The sample used in this study consists of 1,077 cases of extrafamilial sexual assaults involving adult victims in France. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are performed to examine the differences between cases where victims were not disabled (n = 500), victims were physically disabled (n = 243), victims were psychologically disabled (n = 276), and victims were both physically and psychologically disabled (n = 58). Findings show that disability is a factor increasing the severity of sexual violence and that the type of disability affects the parameters of the victimization process. Moreover, results show that sexual victimization of persons with disabilities is more likely due to their vulnerability than to their exposure to risks. Both theoretical and practical implications related to the vulnerability concept are discussed.
Effects of Long-Term Physical Activity and BCAA Availability on the Subcellular Associations between Intramyocellular Lipids, Perilipins and PGC-1α

Cellular skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is of paramount importance for metabolic health, specifically through its connection to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism and through its modulation by exercise. In this study, we aimed at better understanding intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and their related key proteins in response to physical activity and BCAA deprivation. By means of confocal microscopy, we examined IMCL and the lipid droplet coating proteins PLIN2 and PLIN5 in human twin pairs discordant for physical activity. Additionally, in order to study IMCLs, PLINs and their association to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in cytosolic and nuclear pools, we mimicked exercise-induced contractions in C2C12 myotubes by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), with or without BCAA deprivation. The life-long physically active twins displayed an increased IMCL signal in type I fibers when compared to their inactive twin pair. Moreover, the inactive twins showed a decreased association between PLIN2 and IMCL. Similarly, in the C2C12 cell line, PLIN2 dissociated from IMCL when myotubes were deprived of BCAA, especially when contracting. In addition, in myotubes, EPS led to an increase in nuclear PLIN5 signal and its associations with IMCL and PGC-1α. This study demonstrates how physical activity and BCAA availability affects IMCL and their associated proteins, providing further and novel evidence for the link between the BCAA, energy and lipid metabolisms.
HSV1716 Prevents Myeloma Cell Regrowth When Combined with Bortezomib In Vitro and Significantly Reduces Systemic Tumor Growth in Mouse Models

Multiple myeloma remains largely incurable due to refractory disease; therefore, novel treatment strategies that are safe and well-tolerated are required. Here, we studied the modified herpes simplex virus HSV1716 (SEPREHVIR®), which only replicates in transformed cells. Myeloma cell lines and primary patient cells were infected with HSV1716 and assessed for cell death using propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin-V staining and markers of apoptosis and autophagy by qPCR. Myeloma cell death was associated with dual PI and Annexin-V positivity and increased expression of apoptotic genes, including CASP1, CASP8, CASP9, BAX, BID, and FASL. The combination of HSV1716 and bortezomib treatments prevented myeloma cell regrowth for up to 25 days compared to only transient cell growth suppression with bortezomib treatment. The viral efficacy was tested in a xenograft (JJN-3 cells in NSG mice) and syngeneic (murine 5TGM1 cells in C57BL/KaLwRijHsd mice) systemic models of myeloma. After 6 or 7 days, the post-tumor implantation mice were treated intravenously with the vehicle or HSV1716 (1 × 107 plaque forming units/1 or 2 times per week). Both murine models treated with HSV1716 had significantly lower tumor burden rates compared to the controls. In conclusion, HSV1716 has potent anti-myeloma effects and may represent a novel therapy for multiple myeloma.
Hierarchies of Balance Conditions for the f -Plane Shallow-Water Equations

For the f -plane shallow-water primitive equations (PEs), hierarchies of balance conditions relating the gravity manifold (divergence d and ageostrophic vorticity g 5 fz 2 g„ 2h) to the Rossby manifold (linearized potential vorticity q, 5 z 2 fh/H) are introduced. These hierarchies are ]Nd/]tN 5] N11d/]tN11 5 0( d balance), ]Nd/]tN 5] Ng/]tN 5 0( d‐g balance), and ]Ng/]tN 5] N11g/]tN11 5 0( g balance), for N 5 0, 1, . How well these balance conditions represent the balance accessible to a given PE flow is explored. Detailed numerical experiments are carried out on an idealized potential vorticity distribution for which the domain maximum Rossby and Froude numbers are Romax 8 0.73 and Frmax 8 0.28. The numerical results reveal that all these hierarchies are asymptotic: as N increases, imbalance first decreases and then increases, as measured for instance by a linearized available energy. The minimum imbalance, over all the balance conditions considered, is attained by g balance at N 5 2. The most accurate balance conditions (e.g., g and d balances at N 5 2) all exhibit slightly different energy spectra for the imbalance at medium to largest scales. Further, the greatest improvement shown by these accurate balance conditions over the less accurate conditions like quasigeostrophy occurs at large scales.
Experimental study of bubble motion in mercury with and without a magnetic field

The behavior and hydrodynamical performance of a single bubble rising through mercury with and without magnetic field has been studied experimentally. A new method to measure the rise velocity and the shape of bubble with an electrical triple probe is proposed. When there is no magnetic field, a bubble changes its shape from spherical to elliptic and then to a spherical cap shape, as its equivalent radius R/sub m/ changes from 0.1 to 3 mm. The experimental results are found to agree well with the theories reported so far. In the case of a magnetic field, it is found that the effect of intensity of magnetic field B on the rise velocity depends largely on the radius of a bubble. When R/sub m/ = 3 mm, the rise velocity decreases monotonically with the increase of B. However, when R/sub m/ = 1 mm, the rise velocity increases once but it then starts to decrease afterwards with the increase of B.