Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Search for Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Blazar 1ES 1959+650

We have searched quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the 15 GHz light curve of the BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650 monitored by the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40 m telescope during the period from 2008 January to 2016 February, using the Lomb–Scargle Periodogram, power spectral density (PSD), discrete autocorrelation function, and phase dispersion minimization (PDM) techniques. The red noise background has been established via the PSD method, and no QPO can be derived at the 3σ confidence level accounting for the impact of the red noise variability. We conclude that the light curve of 1ES 1959+650 can be explained by a stochastic red noise process that contributes greatly to the total observed variability amplitude, dominates the power spectrum, causes spurious bumps and wiggles in the autocorrelation function and can result in the variance of the folded light curve decreasing toward lower temporal frequencies when few-cycle, sinusoid-like patterns are present. Moreover, many early supposed periodicity claims for blazar light curves need to be reevaluated assuming red noise.
Nerve Allograft Transplantation: A Review

Peripheral nerves that are interrupted by trauma or surgical resection require reapproximation of their ends. When primary repair cannot be performed without undue tension, nerve grafting is required. Nerve repair with autograft is limited when there is insufﬁcient amount of autologous nerves available for large nerve defects. This encouraged the search for alternative means of reconstruction in extensive nerve injuries. The cadaveric nerve allograft provides an unlimited graft source without the morbidities associated with autograft reconstruction; but these grafts are rapidly rejected unless appropriate recipient immunosuppression is achieved. An optimal treatment method for nerve allograft transplantation must minimize or prevent rejection while permitting nerve regeneration at the same time. In this report, the literature of nerve allograft transplantation experimental studies, strategies to prevent nerve allograft rejection, and reported clinical experiences are reviewed.
Search for Supersymmetry in final states with jets, missing transverse momentum and at least one lepton with the ATLAS Experiment

A search for Supersymmetry (SUSY) in final states with at least one τ lepton and large missing transverse energy based on proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The τ leptons are reconstructed in the hadronic decay mode. Final states with τ leptons offer a good sensitivity for SUSY models where the coupling to the third generation of fermions is enhanced, e.g. gauge mediated SUSY breaking (GMSB) models, for which the supersymmetric partner of the τ lepton is the next-to-lightest SUSY particle (NLSP) and its decay to electrons or muons is strongly suppressed. To search for new physics in final states with hadronic τ-lepton decays a reliable and efficient reconstruction algorithm for hadronic τ decays is needed to separate real τ decays and backgrounds from quarkor gluon-initiated jets and electrons. As part of this thesis two existing τ-reconstruction algorithms were further developed and integrated into a single algorithm that has by now become the standard algorithm for τ reconstruction in ATLAS. The suppression of jet background, one of the crucial aspects of τ reconstruction and the SUSY analysis in this thesis, was studied and the probabilities of misidentifying quarkor gluon-initiated jets as hadronic τ-lepton decays were measured in both the 2010 and 2011 ATLAS data at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV, using samples of di-jet events. The ATLAS data used for the SUSY search in this thesis was recorded between March and August 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb−1. Events are selected that contain at least two jets with high transverse momentum, one identified hadronic τ-lepton decay and large missing transverse energy. The Standard Model background processes that contribute most to the selected event sample are Wand Z-boson production in association with jets as well as top quark production. Eleven events are observed in data, consistent with the total Standard Model background expectation of 13.2 ± 4.2 events. As no excess of data over the expected backgrounds is observed, 95% confidence level limits are set within the framework of GMSB models as a function of the GMSB parameters Λ and tan β, for fixed values of the other GMSB parameters: Mmess = 250 TeV, N5 = 3, sign(μ) = + and Cgrav = 1. In addition to the GMSB interpretation, a model-independent upper limit of 8.5 on the number of events from potential non-Standard Model sources is derived at the 95% confidence level. This limit corresponds to an upper limit on the visible cross section of 4.0 fb, where the visible cross section is defined as the product of production cross section of the non-Standard Model process, its branching fraction to at least one τ lepton, acceptance, and efficiency of the event selection applied. These limits are the first results of SUSY searches at the LHC that include events with one hadronic τ-lepton decay and significantly extend those placed by previous experiments at LEP and the Tevatron.
Regularity for the fully nonlinear parabolic thin obstacle problem

We prove [Formula: see text] regularity (in the parabolic sense) for the viscosity solution of a boundary obstacle problem with a fully nonlinear parabolic equation in the interior. Following the method which was first introduced for the harmonic case by L. Caffarelli in 1979, we extend the results of I. Athanasopoulos (1982) who studied the linear parabolic case and the results of E. Milakis and L. Silvestre (2008) who treated the fully nonlinear elliptic case.
Fibrinklebung an äußeren Augenmuskeln - Experimentelle Anwendung am Kaninchen

Die Fibrinklebetechnik in der Strabismus-Chirurgie (bei der RUcklagerung, Resektion und der muskulären Neurotisation) wurde in einer tierexperimentellen Studie an Kaninchen geprUft. Statt der Ublichen 7,0 Vicryl Nähte wurde teilweise oder ausschlielllich Fibrinkleber verwendet. Zur Beurteilung des Klebeeffektes wurden die Kaninchenaugen nach 10-67 Tagen enukleiert, in 8%iger Formalin-Losung Iixiert und anschliel3end histologisch untersucht. Bei der RUcklagerung und der Resektion konnte eine breite, feste Verbindung der Muskein mit der Skiera ohne nennenswerte Vernarbung oder Atrophie der Muskulatur festgestellt werden. Auch bei der muskularen Neurotisation fand sich eine feste Verbindung der beiden Muskein ohne auffalligen Verlust an Muskelfasern durch Narbenbildung oder Atrophie. Die Bindehaut zeigte in keinem der Fälle eine Tendenz zur Verkiebung. Aufgrund der Einfachheit der Methode und der gleichmaBigen Klebewirkung wird die Anwendung der Fibrinklebung in der Schielchirurgie empfohlen.
Class Specific or Shared? A Hybrid Dictionary Learning Network for Image Classification

Dictionary learning methods can be split into two categories: i) class specific dictionary learning ii) class shared dictionary learning. The difference between the two categories is how to use the discriminative information. With the first category, samples of different classes are mapped to different subspaces which leads to some redundancy in the base vectors. For the second category, the samples in each specific class can not be described well. Moreover, most class shared dictionary learning methods use the L0-norm regularization term as the sparse constraint. In this paper, we first propose a novel class shared dictionary learning method named label embedded dictionary learning (LEDL) by introducing the L1-norm sparse constraint to replace the conventional L0-norm regularization term in LC-KSVD method. Then we propose a novel network named hybrid dictionary learning network (HDLN) to combine the class specific dictionary learning with class shared dictionary learning together to fully describe the feature to boost the performance of classification. Extensive experimental results on six benchmark datasets illustrate that our methods are capable of achieving superior performance compared to several conventional classification algorithms.
Repair of Partial Lesions with Nerve Grafting Methods in the Rat Tibial Nerve

A partial nerve lesion and associated neuroma can be either left alone or repaired with a graft. A by-pass graft around the undisturbed lesion with end-to-side attachments might be a good alternative. This study in rats examines these strategies using walking-track analysis, muscle weights, and histology. After a tibial nerve partial lesion (3 mm) and a 21-day delay, the reexposed lesion was either not repaired, repaired with an interposed allograft, or a by-pass allograft. Functional results showed that all three groups had a steady improvement over the 8-week period, but without signiﬁcant group differences. Gastro-cnemius muscle ratios reﬂected intermediate atrophy. Axons regenerating through the lesion were more advanced than those which regenerated through the grafts and a neuroma was absent. The partial lesion can regenerate to an intermediate level without any intervention, including a by-pass graft, although the delayed repair strategy may have counteracted any potential beneﬁts.
The Grid Bootstrap for Continuous Time Models

Abstract This article proposes the new grid bootstrap to construct confidence intervals (CI) for the persistence parameter in a class of continuous-time models. It is different from the standard grid bootstrap of Hansen in dealing with the initial condition. The asymptotic validity of the CI is discussed under the in-fill scheme. The modified grid bootstrap leads to uniform inferences on the persistence parameter. Its improvement over in-fill asymptotics is achieved by expanding the coefficient-based statistic around its in-fill asymptotic distribution that is non-pivotal and depends on the initial condition. Monte Carlo studies show that the modified grid bootstrap performs better than Hansen’s grid bootstrap. Empirical applications to the U.S. interest rates and volatilities suggest significant differences between the two bootstrap procedures when the initial condition is large.
An Investigation of Physics and Control of Flow Passing a NACA 0015 in Fully-Reversed Condition

Flow control experiments were performed on a NACA 0015 airfoil in fully-reversed condition, which is anticipated to occur on the retreating blade side of advanced helicopters such as slowed-rotor compound rotorcraft. Control was achieved using nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge (NS-DBD) plasma actuators. The Reynolds number based on a chord length of 203 mm was fixed at 5.0 · 10, corresponding to a freestream velocity of ∼38 m/s. Two angles of attack were considered: α = 0◦ and 15◦, each of which is relevant to a particular implementation of slowed-rotor technology. At α = 0◦, the flow resembles that of a flow behind a cylinder. A von Kármán vortex street formed in the wake where alternating vortex shedding occurred at a Strouhal number of 0.12. Excitation was performed using an NS-DBD on one side of the airfoil, with plasma formation just upstream of the separation line. However, there was no discernible influence upon the baseline behavior. At α = 15◦, fully separated flow on the suction side extended well beyond the airfoil with naturally shed vortices at a Strouhal number of 0.19. Plasma actuation was evaluated at both the aerodynamic leading-edge (ALE) and aerodynamic trailing-edge (ATE) of the airfoil. The flow responded to the plasma actuation at the ALE by generating organized coherent structures in the shear layer over the separated region. Moderate excitation around the natural shedding Strouhal number
Efficient Estimation in Convex Single Index Models

Abstract: We consider estimation and inference in a single index regression model with an unknown convex link function. We propose two estimators for the unknown link function: (1) a Lipschitz constrained least squares estimator and (2) a shape-constrained smoothing spline estimator. Moreover, both of these procedures lead to estimators for the unknown finite dimensional parameter. We develop methods to compute both the Lipschitz constrained least squares estimator (LLSE) and the penalized least squares estimator (PLSE) of the parametric and the nonparametric components given independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data. We prove the consistency and find the rates of convergence for both the LLSE and the PLSE. For both the LLSE and the PLSE, we establish n−1/2-rate of convergence and semiparametric efficiency of the parametric component under mild assumptions. Moreover, both the LLSE and the PLSE readily yield asymptotic confidence sets for the finite dimensional parameter. We develop the R package simest to compute the proposed estimators. Our proposed algorithm works even when n is modest and d is large (e.g., n = 500, and d = 100).
Radio Spectra and Sizes of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array-identified Submillimeter Galaxies: Evidence of Age-related Spectral Curvature and Cosmic-Ray Diffusion?

We analyze the multifrequency radio spectral properties of 41 6 GHz-detected Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)-identified, submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), observed at 610 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 6 GHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope and the Very Large Array. Combining high-resolution (∼0.″5) 6 GHz radio and ALMA 870 μm imaging (tracing rest frame ∼20 GHz, and ∼250 μm dust continuum), we study the far-infrared/radio correlation via the logarithmic flux ratio qIR, measuring for our sample. We show that the high-frequency radio sizes of SMGs are ∼1.9 ± 0.4× (∼2–3 kpc) larger than those of the cool dust emission, and find evidence for a subset of our sources being extended on ∼10 kpc scales at 1.4 GHz. By combining radio flux densities measured at three frequencies, we can move beyond simple linear fits to the radio spectra of high-redshift star-forming galaxies, and search for spectral curvature, which has been observed in local starburst galaxies. At least a quarter (10/41) of our sample shows evidence of a spectral break, with a median , but —a high-frequency flux deficit relative to simple extrapolations from the low-frequency data. We explore this result within this subset of sources in the context of age-related synchrotron losses, showing that a combination of weak magnetic fields (B ∼ 35 μG) and young ages (tSB ∼ 40–80 Myr) for the central starburst can reproduce the observed spectral break. Assuming these represent evolved (but ongoing) starbursts, and we are observing these systems roughly halfway through their current episode of star formation, this implies starburst durations of ≲100 Myr, in reasonable agreement with estimates derived via gas depletion timescales.
The effectiveness of interactive engagement in introductory physics courses at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

DAVID TYLER GUYNN: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTIVE ENGAGEMENT IN INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS COURSES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL. (Under the direction of Laurie E. McNeil) The Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) has implemented interactive-engagement in its introductory physics curriculum for students majoring in both the life sciences and the physical sciences. As a measure of teaching effectiveness, UNC-CH has been administering both the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) to students in introductory courses since Fall 2007. This project examines students’ performance on both the FCI (N = 7863) and CSEM (N = 5222) using several established metrics for determining learning gains. This study finds that the implementation of interactive-engagement has a statistically significant increase of learning gains, independent of student gender or ethnicity. Furthermore, it was observed that learning gaps between genders narrowed for students enrolled in courses for physical science majors. Finally, further opportunities for study and data analysis are described for future use within UNC-CH’s research program.
Towards characterisation of chaotic attractors in terms of embedded coherent structures

The central theme of this thesis is the development of general methods for the modelling of the dynamics on chaotic attractors by a coarse-grained representation constructed through the use of embedded periodic orbits & other coherent structures. Our aim is to develop tools for constructing two types of reduced representations of chaotic attractors: Markov-type models, and symbolic dynamics. For Markov models, we present construction of a minimal cover of chaotic attractors of maps and high-dimensional flows by embedded coherent structures such as periodic orbits from which a Markov chain of the dynamics can be constructed. For the symbolic dynamics, we investigate the utility of unstable periodic orbits for the construction of an approximate generating partition of a chaotic attractor. In the first section of Part 1 we present an original method by which chaotic attractors of discrete-time dynamical systems can be covered using a small set of unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) following an iterative selection algorithm that only chooses those UPOs that provide additional covering of the attractor to be included into the cover. We then show how this representation can be used to represent trajectories in the system as a series of transition between cover elements, using which as a basis for the construction of a Markov chain representation of the dynamics. In the second section we extend this method to continuous-time dynamical systems, introducing methods by which covers of high-dimensional attractors can be constructed in low dimensional projections with as little information loss as possible, and also giving an example of how group symmetries of the system can be dealt with. In Part 2 we change our focus to the construction of symbolic dynamics of discretetime systems, presenting an extension to an existing method for the computational construction of approximate generating partitions that increases the applicability of the method to a wider range of systems, and also significantly improving the results for more complex maps.
Videofluoreszenzangiographische Verlaufsbeobachtungen bei Patienten mit retinalen Arterienverschlüssen

Em Verschlul3 der Arteria centralis retinae bewirkt einen plotzlichen Verlust der Sehkraft (22). Es ist für die Prognose entscheidend, ob es sich urn einen totalen VerschluB oder urn eine hochgradige Stenose mit Restperfusion handelt (1,5). Bei einem Verschlull mit totaler Ischämie kommt es bereits nach 15 bis 30 Minuten zu irreparablen Schaden in der Retina (3,5). Eine geringe Restperfusion kann jedoch die Nervenzellen der Netzhaut vor dem Untergang bewahren, so daB dann bei rascher Rekanalisation des Versciilusses funktionell befriedigende Ergebnisse erzielt werden konnen.
Thermal conductivity of electron-irradiated graphene

We report results of a systematic analysis of thermal transport in electron-irradiated, including irradiation-induced amorphous, graphene sheets based on nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations. We focus on the dependence of the thermal conductivity, k, of the irradiated graphene sheets on the inserted irradiation defect density, c, as well as the extent of defect passivation with hydrogen atoms. While the thermal conductivity of irradiated graphene decreases precipitously from that of pristine graphene, k0, upon introducing a low vacancy concentration, c < 1%, in the graphene lattice, further reduction of the thermal conductivity with the increasing vacancy concentration exhibits a weaker dependence on c until the amorphization threshold. Beyond the onset of amorphization, the dependence of thermal conductivity on the vacancy concentration becomes significantly weaker, and k practically reaches a plateau value. Throughout the range of c and at all hydrogenation levels examined, the correlation k = .
Two Problems of Gerhard Ringel

xv Introduction . 1 1 On the Hamilton-Waterloo Problem with triangle factors and C3xfactors . 25 1.
On 2-Killing and conformal vector fields on Riemannian manifolds

A classical object of differential geometry are Killing vector fields. This notion has been generalized to conformal vector fields and recently to 2-Killing vector fields . In this paper we obtain some relations between 2-Killing vector fields and conformal vector fields on a Riemannian manifold and among other results we show that a 2-Killing conformal vector field on a compact Riemannian manifold must be Killing if the dimension of manifold is greater than two. Mathematics Subject Classification: 53A30, 53A45, 53C20
New density estimates derived using accelerometers on board the CHAMP and GRACE satellites

Atmospheric mass density estimates derived from accelerometers onboard satellites such as CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) are crucial in gaining insight into open science questions about the dynamic coupling between space weather events and the upper atmosphere. Recent advances in physics‐based satellite drag coefficient modeling allow derivation of new density data sets. This paper uses physics‐based satellite drag coefficient models for CHAMP and GRACE to derive new estimates for the neutral atmospheric density. Results show an average difference of 14–18% for CHAMP and 10–24% for GRACE between the new and existing data sets depending on the space weather conditions (i.e., solar and geomagnetic activity levels). The newly derived densities are also compared with existing models, and results are presented. These densities are expected to be useful to the wider scientific community for validating the development of physics‐based models and helping to answer open scientific questions regarding our understanding of upper atmosphere dynamics such as the sensitivity of temporal and global density variations to solar and geomagnetic forcing.
A Conditional Markov Model for Pricing Contingent Convertibles

Markov-process, Contingent Convertible, Credit Risk, Reduced form model Kumpulan tiedekirjasto We introduce a new model for contingent convertibles. The write-down, or equity conversion, and default of the contingent convertible are modeled as states of conditional Markov process. Valuation formulae for di erent nancial contracts, like CDS and di erent types of contingent convertibles, are derived. The Model can be thought of as an extension to reduced form models with an additional state. For practical applications, this model could be used for new type of contingent convertible derivatives in a similar fashion than reduced form models are used for credit derivatives. Tiedekunta/Osasto Fakultet/Sektion Faculty Laitos Institution Department
Autoregressive Models with Time-Dependent Coefficients—A Comparison between Several Approaches

Autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) models with time-dependent (td) coefficients and marginally heteroscedastic innovations provide a natural alternative to stationary ARMA models. Several theories have been developed in the last 25 years for parametric estimations in that context. In this paper, we focus on time-dependent autoregressive (tdAR) models and consider one of the estimation theories in that case. We also provide an alternative theory for tdAR processes that relies on a -mixing property. We compare these theories to the Dahlhaus theory for locally stationary processes and the Bibi and Francq theory, made essentially for cyclically time-dependent models, with our own theory. Regarding existing theories, there are differences in the basic assumptions (e.g., on derivability with respect to time or with respect to parameters) that are better seen in specific cases such as the tdAR(1) process. There are also differences in terms of asymptotics, as shown by an example. Our opinion is that the field of application can play a role in choosing one of the theories. This paper is completed by simulation results that show that the asymptotic theory can be used even for short series (less than 50 observations).