Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Domain Antibodies and Their Formatting to Combat Viral Infections

Since their discovery in the 1990s, single-domain antibodies (VHHs), also known as Nanobodies®, have changed the landscape of affinity reagents. The outstanding solubility, stability, and specificity of VHHs, as well as their small size, ease of production and formatting flexibility favor VHHs over conventional antibody formats for many applications. The exceptional ease by which it is possible to fuse VHHs with different molecular modules has been particularly explored in the context of viral infections. In this review, we focus on VHH formats that have been developed to combat viruses including influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Such formats may significantly increase the affinity, half-life, breadth of protection of an antiviral VHH and reduce the risk of viral escape. In addition, VHHs can be equipped with effector functions, for example to guide components of the immune system with high precision to sites of viral infection.
First-Principle Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cubic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic System

Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as optoelectronic materials because these materials have high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. The current study is based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). This theory was used to calculate the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I)) compounds . In order to calculate the above mentioned properties of cubic perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), Full Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method was implemented in conjunction with DFT utilizing LDA, GGA-PBE and mBJ approximations. A good agreement was found between experimentally measured values and theoretically calculated lattice constants. These compounds have a direct and wide band gap located at the point of R-symmetry, while the band gap decreases from ‘Cl’ to ‘I’ down the group. The densities of electrons revealed a strong ionic bond between Cs and halides and a strong covalent bond between ‘Pb’ and (Cl, Br, and I). The dielectric functions (reflectivity, refractive indices, absorption coefficients), optical conductivities (real and imaginary part) and other optical properties indicated that these compounds have novel energy harvester applications. The modeling of these perovskite compounds shows that they have high absorption power and direct band gaps in visible ultraviolet range and it also shows that these compounds have potential applications in solar cells.
PERAN BRAND IMAGE MEMEDIASI PENGARUH ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH DAN BRAND AWARENESS TERHADAP NIAT BELI

This study aims to determine the effect of EWOM and brand awareness on purchase intentions through brand image as a mediator. The research sample was determined as many as 160 respondents using a sampling technique that is purposive sampling. The analysis technique used is path analysis with the classic assumption test and the sobel test. This research is expected to contribute empirically about the influence between EWOM variables, brand awareness, brand image and purchase intention for the development of science and become a material for company management considerations. The results showed that EWOM and brand awareness had a positive and significant effect on purchase intentions. EWOM, and brand awareness have a positive and significant effect on brand image. Brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Brand image positively and significantly mediates the effect of EWOM and brand awareness on purchase intentions. Keywords: EWOM, brand awareness, brand image, purchase intention
Assessment of genetic diversity among identified testers aids in development of hybrids in sesame (Sesamum indicum.L)

Diversity analyses on ninety two genotypes of sesame using ten morphological characters were studied. Results indicated that ten clusters were formed wherein maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IX and X (239.87). Simultaneously crossing of these 90 genotypes with Co-1 and TMV-5 was carried out. The 180 hybrids generated using two lines (CO 1 and TMV 5) with these 90 genotypes, upon evaluation, indicated five elite hybrids namely TMV 5 X bardur local (B)(217.49 percent), TMV 5 X bardur local (W) (198.38 percent), CO 1 x RT 172 (163.47 percent), TMV 5 x Rama (161.04 percent) and TMV 5 x MT-10-23-3 (155.57 percent) significantly yielded than the standard check TMV 7 and their male parents were found to be from the cluster I which were moderately divergent (19.09) among them.
High-Throughput Mega-Method for the Analysis of Pesticides, Veterinary Drugs, and Environmental Contaminants by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Robotic Mini-Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup + Low-Pressure Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Part 2: Ca

The goal of this study was to develop and validate a new method for simultaneous determination of 106 veterinary drugs and 227 pesticides and their metabolites plus 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at and below their regulatory levels established for catfish muscle in the European Union and U.S.A. To do this, two different QuEChERS-based methods for veterinary drugs and pesticides and PCBs were modified and merged into a single mega-method dubbed "QuEChERSER" (more than QuEChERS), which is presented here for the first time. The mega-method was validated in catfish at four different spiking levels with 10 replicates per level. Sample extraction of 2 g test portions was made with 10 mL of 4:1 (v/v) acetonitrile/water, and then an aliquot was taken for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis of 106 veterinary drugs and 125 pesticides, including metabolites. The remaining extract after salting out was subjected to automated mini-solid-phase extraction cleanup (Instrument Top Sample Preparation) for immediate injection in low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS). The cleanup was conducted in parallel with the 10 min LPGC-MS/MS analysis for 167 PCBs, pesticides, and metabolites, which was conducted in parallel with the 10 min UHPLC-MS/MS analysis for 231 analytes to increase sample throughput (49 analytes were included in both techniques). In MS/MS, three ion transitions were monitored for nearly all targeted analytes to provide unambiguous identification as well as quantification. Satisfactory recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations of ≤20% were achieved for 98 (92%) of the veterinary drugs and their metabolites and for 222 (91%) of pesticides, metabolites, and PCBs, demonstrating that the developed method is applicable for the analysis of these contaminants in fish as part of regulatory monitoring programs and other purposes.
Occurrence of galls in Microgramma mortoniana (Polypodiopsida: Polypodiaceae) from a subtropical forest, Brazil

Lehn, Carlos R.1,4*; Marcelo D. Arana2; Gerson Azulim Müller3; Edmilson Bianchini4 1 Instituto Federal Farroupilha – campus Panambi. Rua Erechim 860, CEP 98280-000, Panambi, RS, Brazil. Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-1019. 2 Orientación Botánica II, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FísicoQuímicas y Naturales, Instituto ICBIA (UNRC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-6186 3 Instituto Federal Farroupilha – campus Panambi. Rua Erechim 860, CEP 98280-000, Panambi, RS, Brazil. Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0342-4733 4 PPG Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia -Animal e Vegetal, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, PR-Brazil. Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-3324 * Author for correspondence: crlehn@gmail.com
Factors Controlling Pollutant Emissions from Gas Turbine Engines

Abstract : Primary pollutants emitted by aircraft gas turbine engines are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, smoke, particulates, and nitric oxide. Factors controlling emissions of these pollutants are analyzed on the basis of aircraft engine exhaust composition and laboratory studies of gas turbine combustion processes. Moreover, an analytical prediction of the effect of aircraft operating parameters on the emission of nitric oxide is also given. Operational conditions and engine parameters such as ambient temperature, pressure, and humidity, flight altitude, flight Mach number, water injection, fuel properties, and combustor characteristics have been studied analytically, yielding rational criteria for the prediction of their effect on the emission of nitric oxide. (Modified author abstract)
A multiple discriminant analysis of the auditor’s going concern opinion: the case of audit opinions in Italy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for assessing the audit evidence of the going-concern (GC) assumptions underlying the preparation of financial statements. Design/methodology/approach This research analyses 678 audit opinions of Italian listed firms from 2007 to 2016 and uses a multiple linear discriminant analysis to create a GC score, which includes variables suggested by the international standards on auditing (ISA) 570 and by literature on GC. Findings The model provides three cut-off scores which can orient auditors towards issuing the most appropriate GC audit opinions (unmodified opinion, unmodified opinion, which includes emphases of matter, qualified opinion or disclaimer of opinion). Research limitations/implications The development of the model is mainly based on public data and does not assess confidential information that is not disclosed in audit opinions. Practical implications This model can enable auditors to identify the most appropriate GC opinion and align auditor’s opinions in similar circumstances, thereby reducing their reliance on discretion and increasing the reliability of their judgement with a higher degree of accuracy. Moreover, this research lists additional events or conditions that may individually or collectively cast significant doubt on GC assumptions. Originality/value This study goes beyond the traditional decision-making process, apparently binary in nature, between “continuity” and “failure” or between “unmodified” and “modified” opinions. It is conceived to detect the different degrees of uncertainty that affect GC evaluations to orient auditors’ professional judgements.
Monitoring of Systemic Resistance Induction in Tomato Against Meloidogyne incognita

The potency of three chemical compounds as resistance inducer in tomato plants against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) were evaluated using split root system technique. Salicylic acid (SA), Ascorbic acid (AS) and Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (DKP) was assessed at three concentrations (10, 20 and 50 mM) and the activity of cytoplasmic peroxidase and Phenol oxidase in tomato leaves were measured. Results indicatedthat application of these inducers significantly reduced all nematode related parameters in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Salicylic acid (SA) at 50 mM demonstrated the highest reduction in number of second stage juveniles in 250 mg soil, number of galls, egg masses and females/tomato root system compared to inoculated untreated control. These treatments significantly enhanced plant growth parameters of tomato plants i.e., plant height, root length, fresh root, shoot weight and dry shoot weight. Moreover, these resistance inducers enhanced the synthesis and activity of defence enzymes in tomato plants. Phenol oxidase and peroxidase drastically increased in the treated plants compared with un-treated control plants. Application of SA, AS and DKP may provide an environmentally friendly management strategy against root-knot nematode infection in tomato through induction of systemic resistance.
Simulating the impacts of land reclamation and de-reclamation on the morphodynamics of tidal networks

The morphodynamic responses of tidal networks to anthropogenic reclamation and de-reclamation projects are investigated through a three-stage numerical simulation. In the first stage, the natural development of tidal networks is modelled in an open coast without any anthropogenic interventions. At the beginning of the second stage, parts of the computational domain are enclosed by sea dikes, which represents the implementation of the reclamation project. These sea dikes are removed or opened in the third stage to simulate the recovery of the tidal networks after de-reclamation. Each stage was set to last 100 years. The model results indicate that land reclamation can lead to three effects on tidal network morphology: (i) completely terminating the development of channels inside the projected area, (ii) hindering the development of the channel network in front of the dikes, and (iii) turning the channel direction near the corners of the dikes. When removing all the sea dikes, the previously reclaimed areas are quickly occupied by tidal networks. However, the morphology cannot be fully restored to its original natural state, although the entire reclaimed areas are returned. The effects of opening breaches are relatively slow, and tree-like network structures are formed inside the reclaimed areas.
Psychosocial Pre-Transplant Screening With the Transplant Evaluation Rating Scale Contributes to Prediction of Survival After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

There is no standard in hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) for pre-transplant screening of psychosocial risk factors, e.g., regarding immunosuppressant non-adherence. The aim of this prospective study is to explore the predictive value of the pretransplant psychosocial screening instrument Transplant Evaluation Rating Scale (TERS) for mortality in a 3-year follow-up. Between 2012 and 2017 61 patients were included and classified as low (TERS = 26.5–29) and increased-risk group (TERS = 29.5–79.5). Both groups were compared regarding mortality until 36 months after transplantation and secondary outcomes [Medication Experience Scale for Immunosuppressants (MESI); incidence/grade of GvHD]. The increased-risk group (n = 28) showed significantly worse cumulative survival in the outpatient setting (from 3 months to 3 years after HSCT) [Log Rank (Mantel Cox) P = 0.029] compared to low-risk group (n = 29) but there was no significant result for the interval immediately after HSCT until 3 years afterwards. Pre-transplant screening with TERS contributes to prediction of survival after HSCT. The reason remains unclear, since TERS did not correlate with GvHD or MESI. The negative result regarding the interval immediately after HSCT until 3 years could be caused by the intensive in-patient setting with mortality which is explained rather by biological reasons than by non-adherence.
In-situ hydrothermal synthesis of nickel nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxides as catalyst on CO2 methanation

In this study, Nickel nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide was successfully prepared through an in-situ hydrothermal process by applying graphene oxide as a precursor that was applied as a catalyst for converting CO2 into CH4. NiNPs/rGO were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The characterization of the UV-Vis spectrophotometer shows NiNPs/rGO gave absorption at 260 nm which indicates red shifting from GO absorption peak (230 nm). FTIR spectra of NiNPs/rGO shows a decreasing in absorbance from the peaks of the oxygen-containing group (i.e. carboxylic and hydroxyl group) previously contained in the GO, moreover disappearance of the absorption peak at 1736 cm−1 (C=O) in NiNPs/rGO also indicates that reduction process from GO into rGO has been successfully carried out. The construction of Nickel nanoparticles on the surface of the rGO was proven from the results of EDX (% mass) shows the presence of C (21.84 %), O (5.58 %), and Ni (72.58 %) on the surface of NiNPs (30 %)/rGO. In its application as catalysts, the NiNPs (30 %)/rGO catalysts have shown a good activity in the process of CO2 methanation (i.e. CO2 conversion into CH4). Initial catalytic test had been done to evaluate the effect of reaction temperature on CO2 methanation using NiNPs (30 %)/rGO as catalyst. The catalytic test result shows that catalys could produce methane as the main product with highest value of 17.63 % at 673 K.
Is Financial Literacy Dangerous? Financial Literacy, Behavioral Factors, and Financial Choices of Households

Using purpose-built original 2018 Japanese survey data, we estimate the financial behaviors and attitudes of households. We find that financial literacy plays an important and consistent role in financial decision-making. However, the actual behaviors are counter-intuitive: People with high financial literacy tend to take too many risks, overborrow, and hold naive financial attitudes; that is, financial literacy makes people daring and reckless in some financial aspects. By contrast, financially literate people are good at retirement planning and are indifferent to gambling. Preferences such as risk and loss aversions and discount factors, also have a role in financial choices.
An economic analysis of twitching behaviour and species rarity

ABSTRACT Avid birdwatchers, or ‘twitchers’, expend a considerable amount of money and time pursuing viewing experiences of rare or vagrant species. By vagrant species, we mean a species found outside its normal range/distribution. To enhance our understanding of this form of behaviour, we present results from a U.K. survey of twitchers. First, we examine the relationship between cost and rarity based on actual viewing experiences. Our statistical results reveal that the relationship between cost and rarity is positive and very inelastic. Second, we present results from a hypothetical Best-Worst Scaling exercise examining aspects of species rarity. We find that rarity is a more nuanced construct than simply the frequency with which a vagrant species has appeared. Our results provide insights into the meaning of rarity, as well as the economic value attach to it and why.
Response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to biofertilizer application.

Biofertilizer had a beneficial effect on growth, yield and quality of garlic. Biofertilizer mixture of Azotobacter + Phosphobacteria proved significantly superior than Azospirillium + phophobacteria. Increasing levels of chemical fertilizers, enhanced growth, yield and quality attributes, recording maximum values with 100kg N + 60kg P 2 O 5 / ha. The effects were much more pronounced when Azotobacter + Phosphobacteria was applied in conjugation with75 kg N + 45 kg P 2 O 5 ha, resulting in a fertilizer economy of 25% without affecting crop yield. See end of article for authors’ affiliations Correspondence to : S. FAHEEMA Division of Olericulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agril. Sciences and Technology-K, Shalimar, SRINAGAR (J&K) INDIA Accepted : December, 2007 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ The Asian Journal of Horticulture, December 2007, Vol. 2 (2) : 249-252 HIND AGRI-HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
KINETICS OF THE FAST COMPONENT OF SCINTILLATION IN A PURE ORGANIC MEDIUM. APPLICATION TO THE CASE OF ANTHRACENE

The general equation for the variation of density n(r,t) of excitation quanta at a point M placed at a distanced r along the trajectory is resolved by neglecting only the molecular deexcitation. The equation for specific luminous is derived and applied to an anthracene crystal. Excitation and deexcitation by strongly ionizing particles are determined, and the results for anthracene are shown graphically. (J.S.R.)
Effect of Time after Incorporation of Lablab Green Manure on Root Rot Pathogens and Establishment of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Green manure incorporation is important for restoration of soil quality, particularly buildup of organic matter and supply of nutrients to plants. However, undecomposed plant residues reduce crop establishment and plant stand. Therefore, there is need to determine suitable time for green manure incorporation before planting. The effect of time after incorporation of lablab green manure on soilborne pathogens and bean crop establishment was evaluated by incorporating 12t/ha of lablab green manure at planting and at 7, 14, and 28 days before planting. Soil samples were collected before and after incorporation of green manure at planting, and at two, four and six weeks after planting. Data was collected on crop emergence, plant stand, yield, incidence and severity of root rot, and population of root rot pathogens. Incorporation of lablab residues 28 days before planting resulted in 21% improvement in germination, with corresponding reduction in root rot incidence and severity of 8% and 36%, respectively, compared to plots incorporated with green manure at planting. Plots incorporated with lablab green manure earlier before planting had reduced population of root rot pathogens, while those incorporation at planting excited the population of root rot pathogens and also had up to 71% reduction in grain yield compared to plots where lablab residue was incorporated 28 days before planting. The results of the study showed that a period of 28 days between Lablab green manure incorporation and planting is necessary to allow for proper decomposition, resulting in a reduction in root rot incidence and an increase in grain yield.
Molecular framework for TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA-dependent auxin sensing controlling adventitious rooting in Arabidopsis

In Arabidopsis thaliana, canonical auxin-dependent gene regulation is mediated by 23 transcription factors from the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) family, most of which interact with 29 auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) repressors, themselves forming, in the presence of auxin, coreceptor complexes with one of six TRANSPORT INHIBITOR1/AUXIN-SIGNALLING F-BOX PROTEINS (TIR1/AFB). Different combinations of co-receptors drive specific sensing outputs, allowing auxin to control a myriad of processes. Considerable efforts have been made to discern the temporal and spatial specificity of auxin action. However, owing to a lack of obvious phenotype in single loss-of-function mutants in Aux/IAA genes, most genetic studies have relied on gain-of-function mutants, which are highly pleiotropic. In this article, we describe a molecular framework for the role of several members of the auxin sensing machinery. Using loss-of-function mutants, we demonstrate that TIR1 and AFB2 are positive regulators, whereas IAA6, IAA9 and IAA17 are negative regulators of adventitious root (AR) formation. The three Aux/IAA proteins interact with ARF6 and/or ARF8, which we have previously shown to be positive regulators of AR formation upstream of jasmonate, and likely repress their activity. Our data also suggest a dual role for TIR1 in the control of JA biosynthesis and conjugation, as revealed by upregulation of several JA biosynthesis genes in the tir1-1 mutant. In conclusion, we propose that in the presence of auxin, TIR1 and AFB2 form specific sensing complexes with IAA6, IAA9 and/or IAA17 that modulate JA homeostasis to control AR initiation. Significance Adventitious root (AR) formation is a quantitative trait with high phenotypic plasticity and auxin plays a major role in its control. In previous studies, we have shown that, in Arabidopsis hypocotyls, AR formation is negatively regulated by jasmonate, whose homeostasis is controlled by a regulatory module composed of three AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARF), two of which are positive regulators of three auxin inducible Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) genes. The present work demonstrates that the two F-box proteins, i.e., TIR1 and AFB2, together with at least three Aux/IAA proteins are likely to interact in a combinatorial manner to control the activity of the two activator ARFs upstream of JA biosynthesis and/or homeostasis, thereby controlling AR initiation in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.