Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Efficient Discrete Integration via Adaptive Quantile Queries

Discrete integration in a high dimensional space of n variables poses fundamental challenges. The WISH algorithm reduces the intractable discrete integration problem into n optimization queries subject to randomized constraints, obtaining a constant approximation guarantee. The optimization queries are expensive, which limits the applicability of WISH. We propose AdaWISH, which is able to obtain the same guarantee but accesses only a small subset of queries of WISH. For example, when the number of function values is bounded by a constant, AdaWISH issues only O(log n) queries. The key idea is to query adaptively, taking advantage of the shape of the weight function being integrated. In general, we prove that AdaWISH has a regret of only O(log n) relative to an idealistic oracle that issues queries at data-dependent optimal points. Experimentally, AdaWISH gives precise estimates for discrete integration problems, of the same quality as that of WISH and better than several competing approaches, on a variety of probabilistic inference benchmarks. At the same time, it saves substantially on the number of optimization queries compared to WISH. On a suite of UAI inference challenge benchmarks, it saves 81.5% of WISH queries while retaining the quality of results.
Prevention of postnatal urinary incontinence by antenatal pelvic floor muscle exercises, secondary per protocol analysis of the 3PN (PreNatal Pelvic floor Prevention) randomized trial.

1. Poitiers University Hospital, INSERM CIC802 U1018, France, 2. Poitiers University Hospital, INSERM CIC802, France, 3. CHU Caremeau, Nîmes, Montpellier 1 University, France, 4. CHU Estaing, Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 5. CHU Antoine-Béclère APHP, Clamart, Paris 1 University, France, 6. CHU La Réunion, La Réunion University, France, 7. CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain, Versailles-Saint-Quentin University, France
Comparative study of the contact pressures in hip joint models with femoroacetabular impingment with different cephalic deformities

In this study, finite element analyses of hip joint models with femoroacetabular impingment of the cam-type are performed. For comparative purposes, patient-specific three-dimensional geometries of the hip joint structures are obtained by manual segmentation from arthro-MRI sequences of images in two pathologic cases presenting different cephalic deformities characterized by alpha-angles equal to 60o and 81o, respectively. In the numerical simulations, the pathologic hip joints are submitted to a physiological compression force and to several physiological hip motions. In all the analyses the bony structures are considered rigid and the soft tissues are considered as linear elastic and isotropic materials. The contact pressures and the von Mises stresses are registered and compared in these pathologic hip models in order to better understand the mechanism of aggression of the intra-articular tissues and to justify and validate the current medical treatment. Moreover, this study aims at understanding the role of the labrum in the pathologic hip joints. Thus, numerical simulations of the hip models without the presence of the labral tissue are also performed.The magnitudes of the contact pressures obtained in the two pathological cases are in coherence with published data and are higher than the ones obtained in normal hip joints. As a consequence of the increased severity of the cam impingement, increased contact pressure magnitudes are observed in the pathologic hip with larger alpha angle. When the labrum is absent from the model, the magnitudes of the contact pressures are moderately smaller than the ones obtained in the complete models. However, the regions that are now subjected to pressure are wider, suggesting that the labrum has a supportive and protective action that preserves some regions of the cartilage structures from high pressures.
Child-directed language – and how it informs the documentation and description of the adult language

Language documentation efforts are most often concerned with the adult language and usually do not include the language used by and with children. Essential parts of the natural linguistic behaviour of communities thus remain undocumented, and a growing body of literature explores what language documentation,language maintenance, and language revitalization have to gain by including child language and child-directed language. This paper adds a methodological perspective to the discussion, arguing that child language and child-directed language constitute data types that can inform our understanding of the adult language. For reasons of feasibility, the paper focuses on child-directed language only. Presenting data from two on-going language acquisition projects (Qaqet from Papua New Guinea and Dene Sųline from Canada), we illustrate how this data type provides insights into the metalinguistic knowledge of adult speakers. After an introduction to child-directed language, three case studies on the topics of variation sets, clarification processes, and discourse context are exemplified from both languages and related to our understanding ofthe adult language. Focusing on the potential of this data type, this paper argues in favour of extending our documentation efforts to events involving children.
Panel Error Correction Testing with Global Stochastic Trends

A method of producing a bis(2-carboxyethyl)-alkyl phosphine oxide represented by the following general formula (1) is disclosed. (1) The method comprises the following Steps 1-4: step 1 wherein phosphine is reacted with acrylonitrile to produce bis(2-cyanoethyl)phosphine and then, in step 2, reacted with an alkene to produce a bis(2-cyanoethyl)alkyl phosphine, and in step 3, reacted with an oxidizing agent to produce a bis(2-cyanoethyl)alkyl phosphine oxide, and in step 4, said bis(2-cyanoethyl)alkyl phosphine oxide is reacted with water or a lower alcohol to give a bis(2-carboxyethyl)alkyl phosphine oxide or a derivative thereof.
Reconstitution of Drosophila fertilization for time-lapse imaging

Insect fertilization starts with sperm entry at the anterior side of the egg through a protrusion called micropyle. Following sperm activation and the formation of the paternal pronucleus, it is thought that a coordinated displacement of both paternal and maternal pronuclei within the cytoplasm leads to pronuclear apposition and the first mitotic division. However, the sequence of events and the causality have been deduced from fixed and immunostained samples. Thus, we lack relevant temporal and dynamics information. Because fertilization happens deep inside the egg, which is carried inside a living organism and filled with diffractive yolk, any state-ofart time-lapse light microscopy has been challenging. The main goal of this project was to develop a reconstitution assay of Drosophila melanogaster fertilization enabling live microscopy. This implied the design of an ex vivo experimental approach in which a female pronucleus in a single droplet of cytoplasm is fertilized with a single sperm cell, and in which both pronuclei and the associated cytoskeleton can be observed live at high resolution. To this end, eggs were harvested with precisely determined timing of female meiosis. In vivo imaging of non-fertilized eggs allowed to observe female meiosis completion. This knowledge will set the basis for the cytoplasmic isolation of the female pronucleus. Finally, it was possible to perform time-lapse imaging of pronuclear apposition and mitosis in the extract from recently fertilized eggs. This novel assay opens new avenues to study chromosomal dynamics during fertilization enabling more detailed insight, for example, into bacteria transmission and cytoplasmic incompatibility.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ENERGY LEVELS ON GROWTH OF GRASSCUTTER (Thryonomys swinderianus)

Okukpe, K. M*, 1 Adelaja, A. E. , Adeloye, A. A. , Adeyemo, A.D., Odesanmi, O. M. , Olaniyi, A. W. , Adua, M. M. and Osho Bamidele Reproductive Physiology Unit, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Animal Health Unit, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Does leadership authenticity repays mediating role of psychological empowerment?

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of authentic leadership on organization citizenship behavior and organizational performance through mediation of psychological empowerment. Study is descriptive, quantitative and cross sectional in nature. Data were collected from teachers of 12 different colleges and universities in Gujranwala. Confirmatory factor analysis and structure equation modeling techniques have been used for statistical analysis. Findings signified that authentic leadership positively and significantly affects the organizational performance and organization citizenship behavior. Moreover, results also revealed that psychological empowerment significantly mediates the relationship between authentic leadership, organizational performance and organization citizenship behavior.
HAEMATINICS AND WEIGHT REDUCTION PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF JATROPHA CURCAS SEEDS IN RATS

Despite the potential uses of Jatropha curcas ( JC), very little is known about its effects on the blood cells. The current study was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of JC seed from Sierra Leone on different haematological parameters. Ethanol extract of JC was administered daily to adult male and female Wistar rats (120-200g) either intraperitoneally or orally for 3 days or 7 days respectively. For each treatment route the rats were divided into six sub-groups as follows: group 1 rats (control group) received 0.9 % physiological saline (i.p.) or de-ionised water (p.o.) at 10 ml/kg, while rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg dose of the extract respectively; and groups 5 and 6 rats received iron (5 mg/kg) and EDTA (40 mg/kg) respectively. The rats were weighed before and after the treatment period, and at the end of the treatment period blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. The following haematological parameters were evaluated: RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophil counts, Hb, HCT concentrations (with MCV, MCH, MCHC values calculated). Data obtained were analysed by one-way ANOVA using the statistical software Graph Pad Prism version 6; with p p.o. , male > female. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) increased the mean Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW values and neutrophil counts; while WBC and lymphocyte counts were decreased by the extract. The aforementioned increases in the mean Hb and RBC-related indices were to a large extent dose-dependent, with peak effects recorded at 100 mg/kg. It was concluded that J. curcas seeds could be exploited for haematinics benefits, provided its detailed pharmacokinetic and safety profiles have been documented.
Tivantinib (ARQ 197) versus placebo in patients (Pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who failed one systemic therapy: Results of a randomized controlled phase II trial (RCT).

4006 Background: Tivantinib (T) is a selective, oral inhibitor of c-Met, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor involved in tumor cell migration, invasion, proliferation and angiogenesis. T has shown promising results in HCC in phase 1 studies as monotherapy and in combination with sorafenib. Methods: This multi-center RCT, enrolled pts with unresectable HCC, 1 failed systemic therapy, ECOG PS 50% of tumor at immunohistochemistry) pt.
Neuromodulation: Origen, Evolution and Evidence

Since Roman times, humans have been fascinated with the use of electricity. Over centuries, multiple well-known scientists tried to use this physical element to address a number of neurological conditions. However, they did not have a clear understanding of how to use it. In 1965, two brilliant investigators, Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack, postulated the gate control theory, which gave rise to the field of neuromodulation. Over the years, this field has evolved exponentially, and is now becoming a main tool for interventional pain physicians addressing chronic pain, as well as the current opioid crisis. Despite multiple randomized control trials, the recurrent question of whether there is enough evidence to determine how effective the therapy is still remains. Our article attempts to answer this question while reviewing the progression of the field over the years.
Intended Deception in the Virtual World Intended Deception in the Virtual World

This study explores how people intend to deceive in the virtual world. Previous research has focused the intent and behavior of online deception, but has rarely looked into specific aspects of online deception including strategy, magnitude, and seriousness. We answered research questions about people’s selection of deception strategies, perceived seriousness of deception, and magnitude of deception in the virtual world via a survey study. Additionally, we examined possible influence of age and gender on deception. The findings are interesting and offer implications for designing deception detection strategies.
Comparing Objective Functions for Segmentation and Detection of Tiny Lesions in Retinal Images

Retinal microaneurysms (MAs) are the earliest signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) which is the leading cause of blindness in the western world. MAs independently predict the risk of sight threatening DR and early detection is important to identify patients at risk. Detection and segmentation of retinal MAs present a particular challenging problem due to a large class imbalance with MA pixels accounting for less than 0.5% of the retinal image. Extreme foreground-background class imbalance can adversely aﬀect the learning process in DNNs by introducing a bias towards the most well represented class. Recently, a number of objective functions have been proposed as alternatives to the standard Crossentropy loss in eﬀorts to overcome this problem. In this work we investigate the inﬂuence of the network objective during optimization by comparing Residual U-nets trained for segmentation of MAs in retinal images using seven diﬀerent objective functions; weighted and unweighted Crossentropy loss, Dice loss, weighted and unweighted Focal loss, Focal Dice loss and Focal Tversky loss. Three networks with diﬀerent seeds are trained for each ob-jective function using optimized hyper-parameter settings on a dataset of 382 images with pixel level annotations for MAs. The instance level MA detection performance is evaluated as the average free response receiver operator characteristic (FROC) score calculated as the mean sensitivity at seven average false positives (FPAvg) per image thresholds on 80 test images. The image level MA detection performance is evaluated as the average AUC on the same images as well as a separate test set of 1200 images. Segmentation performance is evaluated as the average pixel precision (AP). The unweighted Crossentropy loss and Focal loss outperforms all other losses for instance level detection achieving FROC scores of 0.5067( ± 0.0115) and 0.5062( ± 0.0045. The Focal loss has the highest pixel precision with an AP of 0.4254( ± 0.0096). For image level detection both objective functions in their unweighted form perform signiﬁcantly better compared to using all other objectives. AUCs of 0.9450( ± 0.0080) and 0.8351( ± 0.0039) on the two test are achieved using the unweighted Crossentropy loss, while AUCs for the unweighted Focal loss was 0.9375( ± 0.0074) and 0.8253( ± 0.0042) respectivly. Conclusion: Despite the promise of using training objectives designed to deal with unbalanced data, the standard Crossentropy loss perform at least as well or better than all other objective functions in our experiments for lesion level and image level detection for small retinal MAs. While a number of newer objective functions have been introduced and shown to improve performance for unbalanced datasets compared to the Dice loss in recent years, our results suggest that it is important to also benchmark new losses against the Crossentropy or Focal loss function, as we achieve the best performance in all our test using these objectives.
Augmentation of Two-stream CNN architectures with context and attention for action detection and recognition

Tasks such as action detection and recognition are a promising step in several areas such as retail, security, robotics and recommendation systems. Recently, challenging datasets have been introduced, which are representative of the task of multiperson spatiotemporal action detection and recognition task with multi-labels. We propose to augment the state-of-the-art twostream CNN architectures for this task. These architectures are limited in that they try to detect the actions independent of the background and other humans in the same video. To this end, three novel contributions are presented: attention filtering, context streams and a combination of both. For attention filtering, with the goal of not only extracting information from a target but from the image background, we train two-stream CNN architectures with different kinds of filters applied on RGB and Optical Flow inputs. For context streams, with the goal of predicting the labels of a target using the labels of the surrounding neighbours, we use dataset labels to explicitly encode the relationship of classes performed by multiple humans as context features and train LSTM networks on these features. Finally, we combine these methods by fusing the context streams with the two-stream approaches trained with attention filtering. Results show the combination of the first two methods outperforms each of them and that all augmentations improve on a two-stream CNN baseline.
Biodiversity inventory of the grey mullets (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae) of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago through the iterative use of DNA‐based species delimitation and specimen assignment methods

DNA barcoding opens new perspectives on the way we document biodiversity. Initially proposed to circumvent the limits of morphological characters to assign unknown individuals to known species, DNA barcoding has been used in a wide array of studies where collecting species identity constitutes a crucial step. The assignment of unknowns to knowns assumes that species are already well identified and delineated, making the assignment performed reliable. Here, we used DNA‐based species delimitation and specimen assignment methods iteratively to tackle the inventory of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago grey mullets, a notorious case of taxonomic complexity that requires DNA‐based identification methods considering that traditional morphological identifications are usually not repeatable and sequence mislabeling is common in international sequence repositories. We first revisited a DNA barcode reference library available at the global scale for Mugilidae through different DNA‐based species delimitation methods to produce a robust consensus scheme of species delineation. We then used this curated library to assign unknown specimens collected throughout the Indo‐Australian Archipelago to known species. A second iteration of OTU delimitation and specimen assignment was then performed. We show the benefits of using species delimitation and specimen assignment methods iteratively to improve the accuracy of specimen identification and propose a workflow to do so.
TagusVanet: A low-cost, integrated framework for development, validation and deployment of VANETs

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks are an emerging mobility paradigm focussed on improving road safety and traffic efficiency. However the current available solutions are very expensive and developing applications for this environment can be a daunting task. Also given the number of different manufacturers and the number of vehicles, deploying and validating these applications can be extremely difficult. In this work, the issues of developing, validating and deploying applications are addressed. A low-cost platform, which uses commercial, off-the-shelf hardware is used. This platform supports a software architecture which is designed to address heterogenous application support and validation. Applications are supported by using a policy-based approach which allows the platform to be configured, on a per-application base, in a simple way. Integrated with this approach, is a simple API which allows developers to focus on their application, not on how their application’s requirements are met. To complete this solution, several tools are made available to allow for an easy validation of the applications, both in field and lab settings through emulation of field conditions. Testing is done to assure the emulator’s behaviour is correct and a proof of concept application shows the capabilities of the proposed solution. Keywords—TagusVanet, low-cost platform, policy-based approach, integrated framework, vanet deployment, vanet validation
CLASSROOM QUALITY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1,307) were used to estimate the additive and multiplicative benefits of high quality child care between birth to 54 months of age and high quality elementary school education between first and fifth grade. Results indicated that the math and language and literacy benefits of high quality child care accrued from the end of preschool through age 15 only when coupled with higher quality classroom environments during the elementary school years. In contrast, the benefits of high quality child care were no longer present when children later attended lower quality classrooms in elementary school. Taken together, these results point to the importance of continued investments in children’s education throughout the first decade of life.
Decision-making styles
as predictors of career decision difficulties in secondary school students
with regard to gender

The study aimed to examine whether students' different career decision styles predict their difficulties in deciding about their future education. We measured students' adaptive self-confident and three maladaptive decision-making styles: avoidant, panic, and impulsive, and examined how these styles are related to students' difficulties in career decision-making: internal and external conflicts, lack of information, and dysfunctional beliefs. Our sample comprised 792 final-year students from 26 Slovenian secondary schools. We used the Career Decision Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ) and Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire (ADMQ), which we adapted to the Slovenian language. The results showed that boys use self-confident and impulsive decision-making styles more often and panic decision-making style less often than girls do. Boys reported less internal conflicts, lack of information and dysfunctional beliefs. Among CDDQ scales, we found a strong correlation between Internal Conflicts and Lack of Information scale scores and moderate correlations of these two scales with External Conflicts. Correlations between ADMQ scales were low to moderate: Self-Confident Style scale score correlated negatively with scores on scales of all three maladaptive styles. The Lack of Information score was best predicted by the Panic Decision-Making Style score, the External Conflicts score by the Panic and Impulsive Decision-Making Style scores, and the strongest predictors of Dysfunctional Beliefs score was the Panic Decision-Making Style score. Having more pronounced panic style and being a girl turned out to be related to more difficulties in all domains of career decision-making. Some practical career counselling implications of these findings are discussed.