Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Patterns of Genetic Differentiation among Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) with Divergent Migratory Orientations in Europe

Migratory divides are thought to facilitate behavioral, ecological, and genetic divergence among populations with different migratory routes. However, it is currently contentious how much genetic divergence is needed to maintain distinct migratory behavior across migratory divides. Here we investigate patterns of neutral genetic differentiation among Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) populations with different migratory strategies across Europe. We compare the level of genetic divergence of populations migrating to southwestern (SW) or southeastern (SE) wintering areas with birds wintering in the British Isles following a recently established northwesterly (NW) migration route. The migratory divide between SW and SE wintering areas can be interpreted as a result of a re-colonization process after the last glaciation. Thus we predicted greater levels of genetic differentiation among the SW/SE populations. However, a lack of genetic differentiation was found between SW and SE populations, suggesting that interbreeding likely occurs among Blackcaps with different migratory orientations across a large area; therefore the SW/SE migratory divide can be seen as diffuse, broad band and is, at best, a weak isolating barrier. Conversely, weak, albeit significant genetic differentiation was evident between NW and SW migrants breeding sympatrically in southern Germany, suggesting a stronger isolating mechanism may be acting in this population. Populations located within/near the SW/SE contact zone were the least genetically divergent from NW migrants, confirming NW migrants likely originated from within the contact zone. Significant isolation-by-distance was found among eastern Blackcap populations (i.e. SE migrants), but not among western populations (i.e. NW and SW migrants), revealing different patterns of genetic divergence among Blackcap populations in Europe. We discuss possible explanations for the genetic structure of European Blackcaps and how gene flow influences the persistence of divergent migratory behaviors.
TSL: A System for Generating Abstract Interpreters and its Application to Machine-Code Analysis

This article describes the design and implementation of a system, called TSL (for Transformer Specification Language), that provides a systematic solution to the problem of creating retargetable tools for analyzing machine code. TSL is a tool generator---that is, a metatool---that automatically creates different abstract interpreters for machine-code instruction sets. The most challenging technical issue that we faced in designing TSL was how to automate the generation of the set of abstract transformers for a given abstract interpretation of a given instruction set. From a description of the concrete operational semantics of an instruction set, together with the datatypes and operations that define an abstract domain, TSL automatically creates the set of abstract transformers for the instructions of the instruction set. TSL advances the state-of-the-art in program analysis because it provides two dimensions of parameterizability: (i) a given analysis component can be retargeted to different instruction sets; (ii) multiple analysis components can be created automatically from a single specification of the concrete operational semantics of the language to be analyzed. TSL is an abstract-transformer-generator generator. The article describes the principles behind TSL, and discusses how one uses TSL to develop different abstract interpreters.
Torsional directed walks, entropic elasticity, and DNA twist stiffness.

DNA and other biopolymers differ from classical polymers because of their torsional stiffness. This property changes the statistical character of their conformations under tension from a classical random walk to a problem we call the "torsional directed walk. " Motivated by a recent experiment on single lambda-DNA molecules [Strick, T. R. , Allemand, J.-F. , Bensimon, D. , Bensimon, A. & Croquette, V. (1996) Science 271, 1835-1837], we formulate the torsional directed walk problem and solve it analytically in the appropriate force regime. Our technique affords a direct physical determination of the microscopic twist stiffness C and twist-stretch coupling D relevant for DNA functionality. The theory quantitatively fits existing experimental data for relative extension as a function of overtwist over a wide range of applied force; fitting to the experimental data yields the numerical values C = 120 nm and D = 50 nm. Future experiments will refine these values. We also predict that the phenomenon of reduction of effective twist stiffness by bend fluctuations should be testable in future single-molecule experiments, and we give its analytic form.
Power equalization of AES FPGA implementation

This paper briefly introduces side channel attacks on cryptographic hardware with special emphasis on differential power analysis (DPA). Based on existing countermeasures against DPA, design method combining power equalization for synchronous and combinatorial circuits has been proposed. AES algorithm has been implemented in Xilinx Spartan II-E field programmable gate array (FPGA) device using the standard and power-equalized methods. Power traces for DPA have been collected using XPower tool. Simulation results show that standard AES implementation can be broken after N=500 encryptions, while power-equalized counterpart shows no correlation between power consumption and the cipher key after N=2000 encryptions.
Video spam and public opinion in current Middle Eastern conflicts

Social networks studies aim to discover the public opinions related to products, news, issues, etc. However, the level of trust or credibility of such public opinion evaluations may have the risk of being influenced artificially by opposite groups. Such deception can be easier to accomplish through the web in comparison with real life where face to face verification may challenge such deception methods. In this paper, we evaluated credibility in social networks. YouTube is used as a case study and we studied spamming techniques (e.g., keyword stuffing) that are widely used in this video streaming in order to improve visibility and bring public attention to the subject videos. Results and evaluation showed that currently such streaming applications do not impose any structural techniques on the kind of tagging or keywords that are included in the uploaded videos to ensure that such tags or keywords are relevant to the video content.
Sentence ordering with manifold-based classification in multi-document summarization

In this paper, we propose a sentence ordering algorithm using a semi-supervised sentence classification and historical ordering strategy. The classification is based on the manifold structure underlying sentences, addressing the problem of limited labeled data. The historical ordering helps to ensure topic continuity and avoid topic bias. Experiments demonstrate that the method is effective.
catena-Poly[[[aqua(1,10-phenanthroline)zinc(II)]-μ-3,3′-(p-phenylene)diacrylato] hemihydrate]

In the title compound, {[Zn(C12H8O4)(C12H8N2)(H2O)]·0.5H2O}n, each ZnII atom is six-coordinated by two N atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), three carboxylate O atoms from two different L ligands [H2 L = 3,3′-(p-phenylene)diacrylic acid] and one water molecule in a distorted octahedral environment. The two L dianions are situated across inversion centres and bridge neighbouring ZnII centres, yielding a chain propagating parallel to [100]. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinated water molecule, the solvent water molecule (half-occupied) and the carboxylate O atoms further stabilize the structure.
Coexistence Between UWB and Narrow-Band Wireless Communication Systems

Ultra-wide-band (UWB) signals are suitable for underlay communications, over a frequency band where, possibly, other systems are active. Such coexistence of UWB and other systems is possible if the mutual interference has a small impact on their respective performance. This paper aims to present recent results on the interference and coexistence among UWB systems and other conventional narrow-band (NB) systems. Specifically, we consider a point-to-point UWB (NB) under the interference generated by a finite number of NB (UWB) radio transmitters. We consider channels including additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading both for the victim and the interfering links, and different receiver architectures. While our main focus is on UWB systems based on impulse radio, wide-band systems employing carrier-based direct-sequence spread-spectrum and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing are also considered.
GELLO: An Object-Oriented Query and Expression Language for Clinical Decision Support: AMIA 2003 Open Source Expo

GELLO is a purpose-specific, object-oriented (OO) query and expression language. GELLO is the result of a concerted effort of the Decision Systems Group (DSG) working with the HL7 Clinical Decision Support Technical Committee (CDSTC) to provide the HL7 community with a common format for data encoding and manipulation. GELLO will soon be submitted for ballot to the HL7 CDSTC for consideration as a standard.
Liver CT-image retrieval based on Gabor texture

Gabor schemes of image representation have shown great success in many texture related computer vision applications. This is mainly because the primitives of image representation in vision have a wavelet form similar to Gabor elementary functions (GEF's). We use Gabor approach to analyze the texture of liver CT-images and extract the corresponding feature vectors. Then, the feature vectors are used to facilitate content-based image retrieval (CBIR). In experiments, a batch of liver CT images containing several types of CT findings is collected, and retrieval results by Gabor texture are present.
Relative Importance of Knowledge Portal Functionalities: A Contingent Approach on Knowledge Portal Design for R&D Teams

Many research and development (R&D) organizations and teams currently use a specialized knowledge portal (KP) for research collaboration and knowledge management. However, R&D organizations adopt whole portal functionalities without considering their R&D team or the team's task characteristics. The motivation of this study comes from this typical lack of consideration. This study proposes that the degree of importance of specific KP functionalities may be affected by the particular context in which R&D teams handle knowledge. The objectives of this research are to identify functionalities that are relatively important of KPs based on the specific team and the team's task characteristics. This research attempts to provide implications that can be used to design and implement KPs for R&D teams. Based on a field survey with 142 researchers in government- sponsored research organizations in Korea, we found that researchers perceive communication, collaboration, and connection functionalities as being important when their team sizes are large or their team members are distributed. Also, the coordination functionality is more important when the research type relates to commercialization projects than when the team is involved in basic- level research projects. We discuss interpretations of the results and implications on KP design.
Finding a Depression App: A Review and Content Analysis of the Depression App Marketplace

Background Depression is highly prevalent and causes considerable suffering and disease burden despite the existence of wide-ranging treatment options. Mobile phone apps offer the potential to help close this treatment gap by confronting key barriers to accessing support for depression. Objectives Our goal was to identify and characterize the different types of mobile phone depression apps available in the marketplace. Methods A search for depression apps was conducted on the app stores of the five major mobile phone platforms: Android, iPhone, BlackBerry, Nokia, and Windows. Apps were included if they focused on depression and were available to people who self-identify as having depression. Data were extracted from the app descriptions found in the app stores. Results Of the 1054 apps identified by the search strategy, nearly one-quarter (23.0%, 243/1054) unique depression apps met the inclusion criteria. Over one-quarter (27.7%, 210/758) of the excluded apps failed to mention depression in the title or description. Two-thirds of the apps had as their main purpose providing therapeutic treatment (33.7%, 82/243) or psychoeducation (32.1%, 78/243). The other main purpose categories were medical assessment (16.9%, 41/243), symptom management (8.2%, 20/243), and supportive resources (1.6%, 4/243). A majority of the apps failed to sufficiently describe their organizational affiliation (65.0%, 158/243) and content source (61.7%, 150/243). There was a significant relationship (χ 2 5=50.5, P<.001) between the main purpose of the app and the reporting of content source, with most medical assessment apps reporting their content source (80.5%, 33/41). A fifth of the apps featured an e-book (20.6%, 50/243), audio therapy (16.9%, 41/243), or screening (16.9%, 41/243) function. Most apps had a dynamic user interface (72.4%, 176/243) and used text as the main type of media (51.9%, 126/243), and over a third (14.4%, 35/243) incorporated more than one form of media. Conclusion Without guidance, finding an appropriate depression app may be challenging, as the search results yielded non-depression–specific apps to depression apps at a 3:1 ratio. Inadequate reporting of organization affiliation and content source increases the difficulty of assessing the credibility and reliability of the app. While certification and vetting initiatives are underway, this study demonstrates the need for standardized reporting in app stores to help consumers select appropriate tools, particularly among those classified as medical devices.
ClustKNN: A Highly Scalable Hybrid Model- & Memory-Based CF Algorithm

Collaborative Filtering (CF)-based recommender systems are indispensable tools to find items of interest from the unmanageable number of available items. Moreover, companies who deploy a CF-based recommender system may be able to increase revenue by drawing customers’ attention to items that they are likely to buy. However, the sheer number of customers and items typical in e-commerce systems demand specially designed CF algorithms that can gracefully cope with the vast size of the data. Many algorithms proposed thus far, where the principal concern is recommendation quality, may be too expensive to operate in a large-scale system. We propose ClustKnn, a simple and intuitive algorithm that is well suited for large data sets. The method first compresses data tremendously by building a straightforward but ecient clustering model. Recommendations are then generated quickly by using a simple Nearest Neighbor-based approach. We demonstrate the feasibility of ClustKnn both analytically and empirically. We also show, by comparing with a number of other popular CF algorithms that, apart from being highly scalable and intuitive, ClustKnn provides very good recommendation accuracy as well.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious inflammatory disorder with high mortality. Its main pathologic mechanism seems to result from increased alveolar permeability. Its definition has also changed since first being described according to the Berlin definition, which now classifies ARDS on a severity scale based on PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen, arterial)/FIO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) ratio. The cornerstone of therapy was found to be a low tidal volume strategy featuring volumes of 6 to 8 mL per kg of ideal body weight that has been shown to have decreased mortality as proven by the ARDSnet trials. There are other areas of treatment right now that include extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, as well for severe refractory hypoxemia. Other methods that include prone positioning for ventilation have also shown improvements in oxygenation. Positive end-expiratory pressure with lung recruitment maneuvers has also been found to be helpful. Other therapies that include vasodilators and neuromuscular agents are still being explored and need further studies to define their role in ARDS.
Quasi-Static Ultrasound

Imaging the viscoelastic properties of tissue for diagnosis and treatment has gained popularity over the last decade because of its ability to provide noninvasive and new diagnostic information. Elastography has been likened to manual palpation of tissue, used by clinicians for centuries to aid in clinical diagnosis. The clinical popularity of manual palpation is due to the fact that pathologic and stiffness changes in the body are generally well correlated, and irregular and stiffer masses commonly present as warning signs of diseases in organs such as the breast, liver, and prostate. For example, breast scirrhous carcinomas on palpation are felt to be extremely hard nodules, while liver tissue with cirrhosis is also known to be significantly stiffer than normal healthy liver tissue. However, manual palpation is generally limited to superficial structures and depends largely on the ability of the physician performing the examination. Stiffer masses located deep in the body almost certainly cannot be detected by surface manual palpation. The biggest advancement in tissue elasticity imaging has come with the advent and advances in ‘‘elastography’’ over the last 2 decades. The motivation for the use of elastographic techniques stems from the existence of large differences in stiffness or modulus contrast between surrounding normal and pathologic tissues that may otherwise possess similar image contrasts with conventional clinical imaging modalities. The term ‘‘Elastography’’ was coined by Ophir and colleagues, to refer to an ultrasound-based imaging technique whereby local axial strains were estimated by computing the gradient of axial shifts in echo arrival times along the ultrasound beam direction following a quasi-static tissue deformation. Elastography, however, has now become used as a more general term to identify methods that image tissue stiffness using different imaging modalities, for example, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, x-ray computed tomography, different perturbation techniques to deform tissue, and based on the elasticity parameter being measured or imaged. In this review, the author focuses on quasi-static ultrasound-based elastography, since this group of methods form the more commonly used approaches for clinical elasticity imaging. The practice of quasi-static ultrasound elastography was initially based on the estimation of the axial tissue displacement and strain (corresponding to displacements estimated along both the direction of insonification and tissue deformation) by analyzing ultrasonic radiofrequency echo signals obtained from standard clinical ultrasound diagnostic equipment. Frames of radiofrequency echo-signals acquired before and after a small amount (about 1%) of quasi-static deformation were correlated to estimate differential displacements along small data segments or regions of interest using classic time-delay estimation techniques. Finally, the axial strain distribution was computed from the gradient of the time delays or tissue displacements.
A Hybrid Method for Intrusion Detection

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are used to detect malicious actions on information systems such as computing and networking systems. Abnormal behaviors or activities on the network systems could be detected by security systems. But, conventional security systems such as anti-virus and firewall cannot be successful in many malicious actions. To overcome this problem, better and more intelligent IDS solutions are required. In this study, a hybrid approach was proposed to use to detect network attacks. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) methods were combined to model and detect the attacks. KNN was employed to classify the attacks and GA was used to select k neighbors of an attack sample. This hybrid system was first applied in intrusion detection field. The system provides advantages such as, decreasing dependency of full training data set and providing plausible solution for intrusion detection. The results showed that the proposed system provides better results than single system.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES ON DEVELOPING CRAYFISH OOCYTES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ORIGIN OF YOLK

The endoplasmic reticulum is composed, in places, of stacks of parallel cisternae which are limited by membranes having great numbers of ribosomes attached to their outer surface. These are connected with other cisternae of similar structure but with fewer ribosomes and without preferred orientation. The latter extend in all directions from the stacked cisternae, branching and anastomosing freely so that the entire system of membrane-limited cisternae appears interconnected; a morphological condition suitable to serve as the basis for an active transport system. Within the stacked cisternae appear granules about 40 to 60 mµ in diameter. These are thought to represent the precursors of proteinaceous yolk, and the hypothesis is advanced that most of the intracisternal granules are synthesized here, possibly under the influence of the ribosomes. They then "flow" into and along the unoriented cisternae to regions where they collect, expand the cisternae, and undergo transformation into finely granular, relatively large proteinaceous yolk bodies. The mitochondria are somewhat pleomorphic, often show atypical cristae, and frequently contain a few dense granules. Lipid is abundant. Other cytoplasmic components are illustrated.
Overview of QoS options for HSDPA

The functional split between the centralized radio network controller and the base station (Node-B) presents new challenges and opportunities for implementing QoS control for HSDPA. In this article we present different options for implementing QoS over HSDPA ranging from quality-based HSDPA access control algorithms to QoS-aware Node-B packet schedulers. The article concludes with network performance results for different services over HSDPA.
The influenza virus variant A/FM/1/47-MA possesses single amino acid replacements in the hemagglutinin, controlling virulence, and in the matrix protein, controlling virulence as well as growth

Genetic analysis of mouse-adapted influenza virus variant A/FM/1/47 (FM) MA has previously identified four genome segments, 4, 5, 7, and 8, that are statistically associated with virulence. On sequencing these genome segments, we found single amino acid replacements at amino acid 47 of the HA2 subunit of the hemagglutinin and at amino acid 139 of the matrix protein. Mutation was not detected in segments 5 and 8, obviating a role for these genes in FM-MA virulence. FM-MA replicates to higher titer than FM in MDCK cells and in mouse lung. FM X FM-MA reassortants were used to show that the M1 gene controlled replication in MDCK cells as well as in mouse lung.