Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome according to gestational age and parity of mother

Introduction: The first demonstrable meconium is found around the third month of the gestational age in the intestines of the fetus as black green color, odorless mass. Multiple conditions of intrauterine fetal distress is said to be causative reason for intrauterine passage of meconium in the amniotic fluid by the fetus. Aspiration of meconium stained amniotic fluid may lead to a gasping breathing pattern which induces hypoxia via airway obstruction, surfactant dysfunction, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary hypertension. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to find the prevalence of various grades of meconium stained amniotic fluid as well as meconium aspiration syndrome according to gestational age and parity. Results: The present study was a prospective observational study. It was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Tertiary Hospital & Medical Collage & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India during May 2016 to May 2018 on 200 laboring mothers with meconium stained amniotic fluid who delivered or underwent cesarean section in the institute were included in the study. MSAF grade 1 cases were maximum 40/82(48.78%) in mothers having previous vaginal delivery. MSAF grade 2 cases were maximum 51/63(80.95%) in primigravid mothers. MSAF grade 3 cases were maximum 24/55(43.64%) in primigravid mothers. 3.96% of the primigravida patients were found to have MAS whereas 15.38% of the patients with previous vaginal delivery were having MAS. Maximum cases of grade 1 MSAF 64/82(78.05%), grade 2 MSAF 40/63(63.49%) as well as grade 3 MSAF 26/55(47.27%) were in mothers having gestational age between 37-40 weeks at the time of delivery of baby. 45.45% patients having gestational age less than 37 weeks, 4.62% of the patients having gestational age between 37-40 weeks, and 6.78% patients having gestational age greater than 40 weeks were having MAS. Keywords: Meconium stained liquor, Meconium aspiration syndrome, Gestation.
Chlorophyll-fluorescence measurements in bryophytes: evidence for three main types of light-curve response

Diffusion theory predicts that, except in the lower part of the daylight range, carbon dioxide supply will always be limiting for photosynthesis in a unistratose leaf. We have used chlorophyll fluorometry to survey the photosynthetic responses of numerous bryophytes to a range of light intensities employing the ‘light curve’ approach. Initially, as light intensity is increased in a stepwise manner, electron transport rate (ETR) in bryophytes follows a saturation curve closely fitted by a negative exponential function, y = A(1 – e–kx ), where y = ETR, x = light intensity (or photosynthetic photon flux density), A is the asymptote (ETR at infinitely high light intensity), k is a rate constant and e is the base of natural logarithms. The initial slope of the response curve, Ak, approximates maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) which is measured on dark-adapted plant material. However, at higher intensities ETR frequently veers away from the saturation curve owing to the onset of either photoinhibition or the dissipation of the excitation energy by a photoprotective mechanism, probably involving reduction of O2. In the latter case, the measurement of ETR significantly overestimates the rate of photosynthetic carbon fixation. We describe a simple approach that enables these instances of photoprotection and photoinhibition to be identified and discuss the wider significance of the results to the ecology of individual species.
Being the minority hurts or helps? A moderated mediation model of group membership, cross-cultural acceptance, and school adjustment

This study examined the relations between majority/minority group membership and cross-cultural acceptance, and their linkage to school adjustment. A total of 2,016 students (ethnic minority [EM]: 51%; boys: 50%) at Grades 2, 5, 8, and 11 from 15 schools in Hong Kong participated in the study. These schools were either of low (below 30%) or high EM concentrations (over 70%). EM students at low-EM-concentration schools and Chinese students at high-EM-concentration schools both belonged to the minority groups in their respective schools. Moderated mediation analyses showed that being the numerical minority in school predicted higher school engagement and more positive affect. The associations between numerical group membership and adjustment outcomes were each mediated by the intention to accept outgroup members. In other words, higher cross-cultural acceptance was found among students who were themselves the minority in school, and stronger outgroup acceptance, in turn, predicted better adjustment.
Peste des Petits Ruminants Transmission and Spreading Dynamics in the Sudan

To study the effect of the environmental variables to the epidemiology of PPR, and for better understand of the pattern of the disease in the Sudan; Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software, Remote Sensing (RS) images and mathematical modeling techniques were used in the analysis. The goats herd structure in the Sudan, the maternal immunity of the goats kids were detected for kids under age 8 months, and the database about the disease outbreaks during the years 2000 to 2007 were collected and analyzed with environmental variables. The analysis showed that, 62.4% of tested kids showed maternal antibodies up to the age of four months, which declined to 23.4 % and 8 % in the fifth and sixth months respectively. The incidence of the disease in the Sudan, as has been recorded during the last 8 years was 22%, with 14 % mortality among the infected herds. The presence of the disease in the country observed all around the year, but reached it is peak during December to April (63.8% of the outbreaks) and the lowest level found during September to November (8.5%). Most of the outbreaks occurred in the poor vegetation cover in the grazing areas, although, there is no strong relation between the incidence and the population density of small ruminant in the Sudan. 42.5 % of the outbreaks reported in the country during the study period, were from Al Gedarif and Kassala States together, while not a single outbreak reported from Red Sea, West and South Darfour, and all the Southern Sudan States with exception West Baher El gahzal and Baher El Jeble States. A strong negative relation between the outbreaks and the average mean of the monthly rainfall, 67.1% found when there is no rain, while 15.4 %, 10.1 % and 7.4% occurred where and when the rainfall is <100 mm, 100 – 200 mm and >200 mm respectively. The mathematical models used to detect two patterns of the disease spreading, when an infected animal introduced into a naive herd the infection spread quickly and within 10 days 70% of the herd becomes infected, the disease becomes endemic within 20 days. Only 0.182 % of the herd will be infected, when an infected animal enter a herd that at least 30% of the young kids under 4 months had maternal immunity, and 40% of the kids in the age > 4 months and < 24 months had been vaccinated. The disease reached the peak after a week from the infection and decreased after 12 days, and dye out after a month. 2. Literature Review 2.1. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS), tools for analyzing the disease 2.1.
Energy Budget and Fast Rupture on a Near‐Excavation Fault: Implications for Mitigating Induced Seismicity

Reducing seismicity during excavation is a challenge faced by mining and the associated slip development on a near‐excavation fault under deep‐mining stress conditions is considered as an analog for understanding earthquake initiation mechanisms. In this paper, the quasi‐static slipping on a dipping fault near a horizontal tunnel was numerically studied by incrementally increasing horizontal stress. The equilibrium of the fault, which obeys a slip‐weakening friction law, is formulated by a boundary integral approach. The calculated rupture size is a function of the dimensionless factors derived by scaling from geometrical, loading, and friction conditions. The results show that the rupture becomes runaway at a critical stress level and prior to this, the slip zone either extends continuously and aseismically or experiences finite rapid extensions. Energy dissipated in friction in the presence of tunnel‐induced stress heterogeneity can arrest fast rupture events resulting in regained equilibrium. The energy radiated from arrested events, using an energy budget analysis, depends on the resulting fault strength change, the rupture arrest length, and the strain energy change during the event. These preceding energy radiations can mitigate the magnitude of runaway events. As the critical slip‐weakening distance decreases, the critical stresses for nucleation of both runaway and arrested events are reduced, but the energy radiated by arrested events does not always decrease because the rupture arrest length varies. The results of this study may help identify the initiation mechanisms for runaway ruptures and assess the seismic potential of a rock mass during excavation.
Why we age – a new evolutionary view

Abstract This article introduces a new evolutionary theory of aging, which suggests that aging is the result of imperfections in cell turnover in organisms. Some of the simplest animals demonstrate the strongest ability of cell renewal and therefore, according to this theory, their aging often seems to be negligible. Evolutionarily related organisms (e.g. mammals) share similar abilities in tissue cell turnover but they differ in the rates at which the process is performed. These rate differences are more or less forced by the speed of irreversible damage (e.g. lipofuscin) increase in their cells. This speed is the result of an evolutionary trade-off of “function vs. resistance to irreversible damage” in their cell molecules. The article also offers an explanation of the differences in basal metabolic rate between different species. Put simply, while a trade-off in irreversible damage plays a role in aging, the trade-off in reversible damage plays a role in basal metabolic rate.
The protected taxon Ocypode cursor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ocypodidae) – documenting its well-established presence in the central Mediterranean

Abstract Ocypode cursor (Linnaeus, 1758) is the only Ocypode species present in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the nine marine crustacean species protected in the basin. It is widely distributed in the eastern Mediterranean, but knowledge about its presence in the central Mediterranean is very limited so far. We hereby first document the established presence of O. cursor in the central Mediterranean (Sicily and Malta), backdate the known presence of this taxon in Italy, and offer preliminary observations on the main known Maltese population. In Sicily, O. cursor is distributed along most of the south-western coast of the island of Sicily, whilst at least three beaches in the Maltese Islands are known to support populations of this species. The main Maltese population exhibits numerous similarities (e.g. burrow width, zonation along the beach) to another Mediterranean population studied in northern Cyprus, although occurring at lower densities. We conclude that the species has been probably present within the study area for a long period, but went undetected in view of the low population densities at which it previously occurred, the lack of a comprehensive census for the species within the same study area, and its nocturnal habits. The presence of this species in the central Mediterranean seems to be attributable to secondary natural spreading.
Rotating 3D Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid on Exponentially Shrinking Sheet: Symmetrical Solution and Duality

This article aims to study numerically the rotating, steady, and three-dimensional (3D) flow of a hybrid nanofluid over an exponentially shrinking sheet with the suction effect. We considered water as base fluid and alumina (Al2O3), and copper (Cu) as solid nanoparticles. The system of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) was transformed by an exponential similarity variable into the equivalent system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By applying a three-stage Labatto III-A method that is available in bvp4c solver in the Matlab software, the resultant system of ODEs was solved numerically. In the case of the hybrid nanofluid, the heat transfer rate improves relative to the viscous fluid and regular nanofluid. Two branches were obtained in certain ranges of the involved parameters. The results of the stability analysis revealed that the upper branch is stable. Moreover, the results also indicated that the equations of the hybrid nanofluid have a symmetrical solution for different values of the rotation parameter (Ω).
Multiple-resistant waterhemp control in herbicide-resistant 3 (HT3) soybean

Abstract: Herbicide-resistant (HR) crops, specifically glyphosate-, glufosinate-, and dicamba-resistant (HT3) soybean, will offer producers a new weed management option for the control of some HR weeds in soybean. Four field experiments were conducted near Cottam and on Walpole Island, ON, Canada, during 2017 and 2018 to assess the control of multiple-resistant (MR) waterhemp (herbicide groups 2, 5, and 9) in HT3 soybean treated with various herbicide programs. Pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin, flumioxazin plus metribuzin, or S-metolachlor/metribuzin applied preemergence (PRE) and followed by (fb) glyphosate postemergence (POST) controlled MR waterhemp at 94%, 66%, and 78%, respectively, in early September. Pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin, flumioxazin plus metribuzin, or S-metolachlor/metribuzin applied PRE controlled MR waterhemp 86%–97% when fb glufosinate POST; 100% when fb glyphosate plus dicamba POST; 99%–100% when fb glufosinate plus dicamba POST; and 100% when fb glyphosate plus dicamba POST and fb glufosinate POST2 (before the R2 soybean growth stage) in early September. Reduced MR waterhemp interference with all herbicide programs resulted in an increase in HT3 soybean yield (up to 59%) relative to the weedy control. Results indicate that pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin, flumioxazin plus metribuzin, or S-metolachlor/metribuzin applied PRE fb glufosinate POST, glyphosate plus dicamba POST, glufosinate plus dicamba POST, or glyphosate plus dicamba POST fb glufosinate POST2 provides similar and excellent season-long control of MR waterhemp in HT3 soybean.
The Impact of Using Small-Scale Irrigation Motor Pumps on Farmers’ Household Incomes in Ethiopia: A Quasi-Experimental Approach

Sectoral economic growth data in Ethiopia show that the agriculture sector has the lowest growth, which is caused by frequent drought and inefficient technologies, among other factors. As a result, the productivities of land and labor, as well as the income of small-scale farm households, are very low, and rural areas have a relatively high poverty rate. A quasi-experiment was applied to understand the impact of using small-scale irrigation motor pumps on farmers’ livelihood improvement. Specifically, a survey was conducted in 2019 on a sample of 92 small-scale irrigation motor pump and canal irrigation users as the treatment and control groups. The weighted propensity score matching method was applied to eliminate initial differences and adjust sampling proportions across the groups. Based on the average treatment effect on the treated estimation results, we cannot state that the mean income difference in small-scale irrigation motor pump users and canal irrigation system users is different from zero. This indicates that countries with little capital to invest in large-scale irrigation projects can introduce household-level small-scale irrigation motor pumps to improve farmers’ incomes.
Effect of Micronutrient Application on Growth and Yield of Kharif Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a versatile food source due to its unique flavour and odour. It adds taste to many dishes in the form of vegetables as well as spice. It‟s the unique ingredient of the dishes common among rich to the poor man‟s meal. Onion is rich in sulphur containing compounds that are responsible for pungent odour with health promoting effects. It contains antiinflammatory, anti-cholesterol, anti-cancer and anti-oxidant components, such as quercetin. Onion belongs to family „Amaryllidaceae” and locally known as Pyaj. It is old world crop and it was domesticated in Iran and Pakistan i.e. Central Asia. This crop can be grown in wide range of Agro-climate condition. Irrespective of prices, the demand remain almost constant in the market as it is primarily, used as seasoning for a wide variety of dishes in almost every home, widely consumed as salad as culinary purpose for flavouring as spice in pickles and sauce. The green leaves, immature and mature bulbs are eaten raw or used in vegetable preparations. Nutritive value of onion varies variety to variety, small size onions are more nutritive International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Observation of Diurnal Soaring Raptors In Northeastern Brazil Depends On Weather Conditions and Time of Day

Abstract Weather conditions influence flight performance of soaring raptors, which take advantage of the strength of rising air currents to travel and forage. Most studies on soaring raptors are not conducted when precipitation and fog are present or during the hottest times of the day, when it is expected that these factors reduce species' detectability. The effect of weather on the movement of migratory birds has been studied extensively, but few studies have addressed these effects on nonmigratory tropical raptors. We described the richness, composition, and activity patterns of a diurnal soaring raptor community and we identified how daily weather conditions affected the probability of observing a species. For 11 mo, we surveyed five fixed points in an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area consisting mainly of montane Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil, for a total of 98 point counts. We recorded 12 species of soaring raptors, of which five made up 88% of all sightings. We added new records for three soaring raptor species, updating the previous richness list for the study region to 26 species. Daily wind velocity positively influenced the probability of observing Short-tailed Hawks (Buteo brachyurus). Daily relative humidity positively influenced the probability of observing Mantled Hawks (Pseudastur polionotus) and negatively influenced that of Roadside Hawks (Rupornis magnirostris). Six species would not have been recorded if afternoon samplings were not made. We demonstrated the need to consider weather conditions and time of day to increase the chance of observing diurnal soaring raptors.
Intersectional Stigma, Identity, and Culture: A Grounded Theory of Female Escort Perspectives from Brazil and Pakistan

Background: Intersectional experiences, socio-cultural meanings, ethnic traditions and morals compound stigma-related stress (Jackson et al., 2020; Schmitz 2019). Sex workers are subject to various stigmatizing forces which can lead to secrecy, isolation and lack of social and cultural support (Koken 2012). Stigmatizing forces include structural humanitarian governance and aid interventions that conflate migration and sex work with insidious constraints and coercion. This study explored how migrant female sex workers from distinctive ethnic cultures manage their identity on a day to day basis in relation to the separation of work and home life. Methods: The perspectives of female sex workers were collected via a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews. The inclusion criteria were that the women had worked in sex work for over 18months, defined their involvement in sex work as voluntary, and were over 18yrs of age. The perspectives of seven women from South Asian (Pakistani), Brazilian, and British backgrounds were analyzed using Grounded Theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Ethnicity was considered to explore how the women experienced stigma, how it impacted on the management of their identity, and how the process of change occurred. Results: The women used a variety of methods to maintain work and home life boundaries, processes they used switch into a role and all experienced stigma and tried to deal with it in ways such as concealment from friends and family. Two core categories and properties emerged from the data as participants felt guilt and/or shame but only the South Asian participants spoke of this with reference to their culture and religion. Conclusion: It was not migration per se but rather the relationship of migration to culture that was key to identity management. Participants reflected that as their country was considered collectivist country with interdependent thought, that any negativity felt could not only be reflected on the individual, but also the entire family. For these reasons Pakistani sex workers were subject to more complex stigmatizing forces, shame and guilt as regards risk and exposure. Discussion focusses on the processes and management strategies used to extend social and cultural support.
Enhancing the Structural Behavior of Wide Beam Through Reinforcement Schemes

In this paper , numerical analysis of wide beams was presented. The proposed models were loaded with a static seismic load. Diverse models of reinforced concrete wide beams were studied numerically by ANSYS platform , and a parametric study was conducted. The studied parameters were web reinforcement percentage, tensile reinforcement percentage, and compressive reinforcement percentage. The values of tensile reinforcement percentage were ( 1.5% , 1% , 0.7 % , 0.3% ) of cross-section area, compressive reinforcement percentage were ( 0.8 , 0.6 , 0.5 , 0.4 ) of the tensile reinforcement ratio and web reinforcement percentage were ( 0.13 % , 0.067 % ). The influence of these parameters was studied on ductility, dissipation, toughness, stiffness and over strength. The results demonstrated that the studied parameters affected all these properties, and the smallest ductility was noticed in the wide beam ( B7 ) which has a value of 1.1
Felt power: Can Mexican Indigenous women finally be powerful?

1 Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany The research for this manuscript was supported by grants from the foreign ministry of the Mexican government and the University of Edinburgh. I thank my interlocutors in Milpa Alta and my colleagues and advisors for their comments, including Maya Mayblin, Casey High, Alex Edmonds, Michaela Hubmann, John Postill, and Alfredo López Austin. The final manuscript was strengthened by anonymous reviewers’ and the journal’s editors’ constructive criticism. All errors and imperfections remain my own. Corresponding author: Catherine Whittaker; e-mail: cate.whittaker@gmail.com