Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topical Word Trigger Model for Keyphrase Extraction

Keyphrase extraction aims to find representative phrases for a document. Keyphrases are expected to cover main themes of a document. Meanwhile, keyphrases do not necessarily occur frequently in the document, which is known as the vocabulary gap between the words in a document and its keyphrases. In this paper, we propose Topical Word Trigger Model (TWTM) for keyphrase extraction. TWTM assumes the content and keyphrases of a document are talking about the same themes but written in different languages. Under the assumption, keyphrase extraction is modeled as a translation process from document contenttokeyphrases. Moreover,in ordertobettercoverdocumentthemes, TWTMsets trigger probabilities to be topic-specific, and hence the trigger process can be influenced by the document themes. On one hand, TWTM uses latent topics to model document themes and takes the coverage of document themes into consideration; on the other hand, TWTM uses topic-specific word trigger to bridge the vocabulary gap between the words in document and keyphrases. Experiment results on real world dataset reveal that TWTM outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods under various evaluation metrics.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Suttonella ornithocola Bacterium

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome sequence of the Suttonella ornithocola bacterium. To date, this bacterium, found in birds, passed only phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first publication of the Suttonella ornithocola genome sequence. The genetic profile provides a basis for further analysis of its infection pathways.
A pilot study to assess residential noise exposure near natural gas compressor stations

Background U.S. natural gas production increased 40% from 2000 to 2015. This growth is largely related to technological advances in horizontal drilling and high-volume hydraulic fracturing. Environmental exposures upon impacted communities are a significant public health concern. Noise associated with natural gas compressor stations has been identified as a major concern for nearby residents, though limited studies exist. Objectives We conducted a pilot study to characterize noise levels in 11 homes located in Doddridge County, West Virginia, and determined whether these levels differed based on time of day, indoors vs. outdoors, and proximity of homes to natural gas compressor stations. We also compared noise levels at increasing distances from compressor stations to available noise guidelines, and evaluated low frequency noise presence. Methods We collected indoor and outdoor 24-hour measurements (Leq, 24hr) in eight homes located within 750 meters (m) of the nearest compressor station and three control homes located >1000m. We then evaluated how A-weighted decibel (dBA) exposure levels differed based on factors outlined above. Results The geometric mean (GM) for 24-hour outdoor noise levels at homes located <300m (Leq,24hr: 60.3 dBA; geometric standard deviation (GSD): 1.0) from the nearest compressor station was nearly 9 dBA higher than control homes (Leq,24hr: 51.6 dBA; GSD: 1.1). GM for 24 hour indoor noise for homes <300m (Leq,24hr: 53.4 dBA; GSD: 1.2) from the nearest compressor station was 11.2 dBA higher than control homes (Leq,24hr: 42.2 dBA; GSD: 1.1). Indoor average daytime noise for homes <300m of the nearest compressor stations were 13.1 dBA higher than control homes, while indoor nighttime readings were 9.4 dBA higher. Conclusions Findings indicate that living near a natural gas compressor station could potentially result in high environmental noise exposures. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate potential health impacts and protection measures.
The Amber biomolecular simulation programs

We describe the development, current features, and some directions for future development of the Amber package of computer programs. This package evolved from a program that was constructed in the late 1970s to do Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement, and now contains a group of programs embodying a number of powerful tools of modern computational chemistry, focused on molecular dynamics and free energy calculations of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 1668–1688, 2005
Modelling river runoff and estimating its weather-related uncertainty for 11 large-scale rivers located in different regions of the globe

In order to study the possibility of reproducing river runoff with making use of the land surface model soil water–atmosphere–plants (SWAP) and information based on global data sets 11 river basins suggested within the framework of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project and located in various regions of the globe under a wide variety of natural conditions were used. Schematization of each basin as a set of 0.5° × 0.5° computational grid cells connected by a river network was carried out. Input data including atmospheric forcing data and land surface parameters based, respectively, on the global WATCH and ECOCLIMAP data sets were prepared for each grid cell. Simulations of river runoff performed by SWAP with a priori input data showed poor agreement with observations. Optimization of a number of model parameters substantially improved the results. The obtained results confirm the universal character of SWAP. Natural uncertainty of river runoff caused by weather noise was estimated and analysed. It can be treated as the lowest limit of predictability of river runoff. It was shown that differences in runoff uncertainties obtained for different rivers depend greatly on natural conditions of a river basin, in particular, on the ratio of deterministic and random components of the river runoff.
Every Byte Counts

Quick responses to user actions are instrumental to the success of mobile applications. To ensure such responsiveness, applications often prefetch data objects before the user requests them. This way, applications can avoid the need to retrieve data through slow network connections during user interactions. However, prefetches may also harm. They increase launch delays and might cause substantial amounts of data to be downloaded through energy-hungry, cellular connections. In this paper, we propose EBC, a novel algorithm to schedule application prefetches and overcome their drawbacks. EBC computes application usage probabilities and traffic volume estimates to determine when and for which applications prefetches should be triggered. Thereby, it applies different strategies depending on whether a cellular or Wi-Fi connection is available. We evaluate the performance of EBC on two publicly available, large-scale data sets: LiveLab and Device Analyzer. Our results show that EBC can lower launch delays and ensure freshness of application content. At the same time, it reduces the amount of data downloaded through cellular connections. On the Device Analyzer data set, for instance, EBC achieves a 10% reduction in cellular traffic and a 36% better average freshness with respect to its closest competitor.
7 Metabolic Modulators to Treat Cardiac Arrhythmias Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion

Cardiac arrhythmias are one of the important problems in coronary ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) therapy and constitute a major risk for sudden cardiac death after coronary artery occlusion (Pourkhalili et al., 2009). Arrhythmias occur in up to 25% of patients treated with digitalis, 50% of anesthetized patients, and over 80% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (Hume & Grant, 2007). Although reperfusion is the only way to restore blood flow of coronary arteries and prevent the myocardium from suffering from necrosis, it will lead to the occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmias which containing premature ventricular beats (PVBs), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) (Wei & Yang, 2006). There are few safe and effective antiarrhythmic drugs for use in patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHD). Class I antiarrhythmic agents such as quinidine, flecainide, propafenone, and procainamide have the potential to cause proarrhythmia and hemodynamic collapse in the setting of IHD and should be used with caution. The use of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem and verapamil may be limited by side effects such as heart rate slowing and blood pressure drop (Dhalla et al., 2009). Therapeutic strategies currently used for primary prevention of VF, VT, or cardiac arrest remain controversial as few trials have shown a survival benefit. In addition, sudden cardiac death caused by I/R-induced arrhythmias is a warning to the development of new antiarrhythmic agents (Pourkhalili et al., 2009). Pharmacological protection of the heart from I/R-induced damage has been investigated by academic and industrial scientists for a considerable period of time. A central aim of research directed towards the science and pharmacology of I/R injury is the discovery of drugs that can be used in human to prevent ischemic cardiac injury and its sequelae (Black, 2000).
Inkjet-printed monopole antennas for enhanced-range WBAN and wearable biomonitoring application

In this paper, a monopole antenna backed by an inkjet-printed electromagnetic band gap ground (EBG) plane on paper substrate is proposed for wearable applications with drastically enhanced communication range. This novel design approach for WBAN and wearable biomonitoring applications alleviates the on-body antenna's performance degradation, which may cause a significant degradation of the wireless system's performance as well. The communication range improvement compared to conventional antenna is demonstrated by using a benchmarking commercial wireless temperature sensor module. In addition, the advantages and the integrability of the proposed wearable antenna topology into mobile wireless on-body health care systems is discussed in detail.
Visualization and dereverberation of head-related transfer function based on spatio-temporal frequency analysis

A new method of visualizing characteristics of head-related transfer function (HRTF) is proposed. The proposed visualization method can illustrate the HRTFsand other factors such as the reverberations separately. The HRTF is an acoustic transfer function between a sound source and the ear canal entrance, and it is defined as a function on time and direction of the sound source. Since the HRTF depends on sound source direction and subject, HRTFs are usually measured with a dummy head or a human. Measured HRTFs are generally visualized by a figure whose axes correspond to the angle of sound source and the temporal frequency. The conventional figure can illustrate the difference in HRTFs among the directions of sound source, and most previous works employed frequency analysis in the time domain while emphasizing the time variation. In this paper, the measured HRTFs are analyzed with spatio-temporal frequency analysis and used to examine the efficiency of the proposed visualization method. The spatio-temporal frequency analysis can visualize and analyze the characteristics of HRTFs using the spectrum calculated by two-dimensional Fourier transform in time and space. In our experiments, the theoretical property of the spatio-temporal frequency characteristic is investigated and the influence of reverberation in the measurement environment is also examined. Moreover, a dereverberation method is proposed. From the results, the characteristics of HRTFs are mostly concentrated in a specific frequency band, and the proposed visualization method is efficient for illustrating the HRTF and other factors such as reverberation and reflection waves. The dereverberation method decreases the average reverberation time from 382.4 to 316.0 ms in a reverberant condition.
Correction of disfluencies in spontaneous speech using a noisy-channel approach

In this paper we present a system which automatically corrects disfluencies such as repairs and restarts typically occurring in spontaneously spoken speech. The system is based on a noisy-channel model and its development requires no linguistic knowledge, but only annotated texts. Therefore, it has large potential for rapid deployment and the adaptation to new target languages. The experiments were conducted on spontaneously spoken dialogs from the English VERBMOBIL corpus where a recall of 77.2% and a precision of 90.2% was obtained. To demonstrate the feasibility of rapid adaptation additional experiments on the spontaneous Mandarin Chinese CallHome corpus were performed achieving 49.4% recall and 76.8% precision.
Sentence processing in the face of semantic loss: a case study.

The modularity of the sentence processor, or lack thereof, remains a much-debated issue in psycholinguistics. The authors present evidence from a semantically impaired patient (DM) that bears on this issue. As demonstrated elsewhere (S. D. Breedin, E. M. Saffran, & H. B. Coslett, 1994), DM suffered a significant loss of semantic knowledge. Here, the authors show that this impairment did not compromise DM's ability to process syntactic information. DM performed well on grammaticality judgment tasks and on sentence comprehension tasks that required the use of syntactic information for the assignment of thematic roles. The resistance of syntactic operations to semantic loss would seem to pose a challenge for models in which "the syntactic and conceptual aspects of processing are . inextricably intertwined" (J. L. McClelland, M. St. John, & R. Taraban, 1989, p. 329).
Ethical dilemmas before and during anaesthetic induction of young children, as described by nurse anaesthetists

Research on physicians’, nurses’ and enrolled nurses’ experiences of ethical dilemmas have been conducted in many healthcare fields. The aim of this study was to elucidate ethical dilemmas before and during the induction of anaesthesia of children aged three to six years as described by nurse anaesthetists (NAs). Two group interviews with NAs were conducted where they were asked to describe ethically problematic situations. Three situations were chosen from a total of 15: administration of anaesthesia to an already sleeping child, lack of information given to a child, and a child is anaesthetized against his/her will. Conceivable and reasonable alternative options were identified and consequences of the different actions were presented. Finally the conflicts of value were discussed and commented on. The cases describe when a child’s rights are given less weight and the child has little opportunity to participate in the decision making. However, parents and NAs acted in the best interest of the child. Analysing and reflecting on situations involving ethical dilemmas would enhance NAs critical thinking and guide NAs in their decision making when providing anaesthesia care.
Realizing, reversing, recovering: Incremental robust loop closing over time using the iRRR algorithm

The ability to reconsider information over time allows to detect failures and is crucial for long term robust autonomous robot applications. This applies to loop closure decisions in localization and mapping systems. This paper describes a method to analyze all available information up to date in order to robustly remove past incorrect loop closures from the optimization process. The main novelties of our algorithm are: 1. incrementally reconsidering loop closures and 2. handling multi-session, spatially related or unrelated experiments. We validate our proposal in real multi-session experiments showing better results than those obtained by state of the art methods.
Modeling global anthropogenic erosion in the Holocene

A large proportion of natural vegetation has been converted to agricultural use, and this typically accelerates erosion by one to two orders of magnitude. Quantification of this accelerated erosion is important to understand the impact of human activities on soil ecosystem service given that soil erosion induces soil degradation and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Until now, few studies have evaluated the accumulated impact of agricultural erosion, since the start of agriculture (ca. 6000 BC), on the soils system and the carbon cycle. In this study, we mainly focused on the enhanced water erosion by conversion of natural vegetation to crops, while wind erosion on the cropland is not assessed. We first evaluated and constrained existing anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) scenarios by comparing observed cumulative erosion for the agricultural period under a wide range of global agro-ecological conditions with model simulations. An optimized land-use scenario that makes the best fit between the simulation and the observation was derived in the model calibration. We further applied a spatially distributed erosion model, which was modified based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), under the optimized land-use scenario across globe to estimate the total anthropogenic cumulative erosion and characterize their spatial variability. Simulations suggest that conversion from natural vegetation to cropland has caused a global cumulative agricultural erosion of 27,187 ± 9030 Pg for the period of agriculture. This results in an average cumulative sediment mobilization of 1829 ± 613 kg m−2 on croplands, corresponding to a soil truncation of ca. 1.34 ± 0.45 m. Regions of early civilization, particularly with high cropland fractions such as South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central America have higher area-averaged anthropogenic erosion than other regions. This results in spatial variability in soil truncation rates because of erosion, which would further affect the soil production rate. Our study shows that observations of long-term anthropogenic erosion at the catchment scale can be used to constrain the reconstructed land-use scenarios.
Morphological and Phylogenetic Study Based on New Materials of Anchiornis huxleyi (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from Jianchang, Western Liaoning, China

Anchiornis huxleyi, which is a member of the Middle–Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota, is the smallest feathered dinosaur ever known. It has been described as a critical link between feathered dinosaurs and birds. Recent studies, including those of Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, Eosinopteryx and Aurornis, challenged Archaeopteryx as the most basal bird. The new Anchiornis huxleyi specimens that are described in this paper show some minor different characters compared to previously reported Anchiornis specimens, which has revised the character list of Anchiornis and indicates a different phylogenetic point from former opinions.
Using an Octree-Based RAG in Hyper-Irregular Pyramid Segmentation of Texture Volume

Octree Splitting We extend the irregular pyramid segmentation scheme to three dimensional (3D) digital space and we call it hyper-irregular pyramid segmentation. Based on this segmentation scheme, a 3D texture image is split into partitions recursively based on octree structure. The testure features are calculated based on 3D gray level spatial dependency measurement. The octree is subsequently converted into a 3D region adjacency graph (RAG). Each vertex of the graph consists of a texture feature vector of the corresponding partition and each edge represents the neighborhood relationship between two partitions. The hyper-irregular pyramid process is then applied to the graph and finally a segmentation of the three
Averaging Over General Random Networks

This technical note studies the distributed averaging problem over general random networks, by means of augmenting state space. A general iterative scheme (with a certain structure) is proposed that is discrete-time, linear, and stochastic; its generality compared to the literature lies in that the weight matrices corresponding to the networks need not be column-stochastic, and the random process generating the update matrices need not be ergodic or i.i. d. It is then justified that the scheme achieves average consensus in the mean-square sense, which, in a special case, also implies averaging with probability one. A key technique to the justification is a matrix perturbation result, which describes the behavior of eigenvalues perturbed simultaneously by multiple parameters.
Path Difference Learning for Guitar Fingering Problem

In this paper we address the problem of mapping guitar music score into one of possible alternative fingering sequences on the fretboard grid. We use dynamic programming (DP) to model the decision process of a guitarist choosing the optimal fingering sequence. To estimate the DP cost functions based on examples of guitar fingering transcriptions (tablatures) we developed an original method named "path difference learning” employing a gradient descent search on the coefficients of the cost function. Features of the fingering alternatives that capture the essence of the mechanical difficulty and musical quality are used to reject impractical fingerings and thus reduce the DP search complexity. Our experiments for several classical guitar pieces showed consistent convergence of the path difference learning. The adaptation resulted in a significant decrease in error count compared to manually selecting the cost function weights.
Model Categories of Diagram Spectra

Working in the category T of based spaces, we give the basic theory of diagram spaces and diagram spectra. These are functorsD→T for a suitable small topological categoryD. WhenD is symmetric monoidal, there is a smash product that gives the category of D‐spaces a symmetric monoidal structure. Examples include prespectra, as defined classically, symmetric spectra, as defined by Jeff Smith, orthogonal spectra, a coordinate‐free analogue of symmetric spectra with symmetric groups replaced by orthogonal groups in the domain category, Γ‐spaces, as defined by Graeme Segal, W‐spaces, an analogue of Γ‐spaces with finite sets replaced by finite CW complexes in the domain category. We construct and compare model structures on these categories. With the caveat that Γ‐spaces are always connective, these categories, and their simplicial analogues, are Quillen equivalent and their associated homotopy categories are equivalent to the classical stable homotopy category. Monoids in these categories are (strict) ring spectra. Often the subcategories of ring spectra, module spectra over a ring spectrum, and commutative ring spectra are also model categories. When this holds, the respective categories of ring and module spectra are Quillen equivalent and thus have equivalent homotopy categories. This allows interchangeable use of these categories in applications.
Freeze Dried Quetiapine-Nicotinamide Binary Solid Dispersions: A New Strategy for Improving Physicochemical Properties and Ex Vivo Diffusion

Improving the physicochemical properties and oral bioavailability of quetiapine fumarate (QF) enabling enhanced antipsychotic attributes are the main aims of this research. The freeze dried solid dispersion strategy was adopted using nicotinamide (NIC) as highly soluble coformer. The prepared dispersions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Static disc intrinsic dissolution rate and ex vivo diffusion through intestinal tissues were conducted and compared to pure quetiapine fumarate. The results demonstrated a highly soluble coamorphous system formed between quetiapine fumarate and nicotinamide at 1 : 3 molar ratio through H-bonding interactions. The results showed >14-fold increase in solubility of QF from the prepared dispersions. Increased intrinsic dissolution rate (from 0.28 to 0.603 mg cm−2 min−1) and faster flux rate through duodenum (from 0.027 to 0.041 mg cm−2 h−1) and jejunum (0.027 to 0.036 mg cm−2 h−1) were obtained. The prepared coamorphous dispersion proved to be effective in improving the drug solubility and dissolution rate and ex vivo diffusion. Therefore, binary coamorphous dispersions could be a promising solution to modify the physicochemical properties, raise oral bioavailability, and change the biopharmaceutics classification (BCS) of some active pharmaceutical ingredients.