Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of The Authentic Happiness Scale

Studies on the concept of happiness have led to questions about whether all symptoms of happiness correspond to a real and healthy emotional state. Therefore, in this research, a scale was developed to examine the concept of “authentic happiness” coined by Seligman. Firstly, literature that explains authentic happiness and defines its relationship to other psychological concepts was reviewed, and then a theoretical framework was developed based on this information and the psychometric characteristics of the scale were introduced. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the fit indices were compatible with twodimensional structure. These two dimensions have been entitled as “Authentic Happiness” and “Fluctuating Happiness”. Based on the findings of the present study, the Authentic Happiness Scale (AHS) is a reliable and valid scale to determine the authentic happiness levels of university students.
How cultural differences/similarities between immigrants and locals influencing the integration of immigrants performing unskilled labor in Denmark?

2 2. INTRODUCTION 1 2.1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1 2.2. CENTRAL PROBLEM OF RESEARCH 3 2.2.1. IMMIGRANT CATEGORIES 4 2.2.2. ORIGIN OF IMMIGRANTS IN DENMARK 4 2.2.3. FACTORS INFLUENCING INTEGRATION 5 2.2. 4. POLITICAL BACKGROUND 6 2.3. RESEARCH QUESTION AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 7 3. LITERATURE REVIEW 8 3.1. CULTURE AND MIGRATION 9 3.2. CULTURAL INTEGRATION AND ASSIMILATION OF IMMIGRANTS 9 3.3. EQUAL TREATMENT AND INTEGRATION 10 3.4. SEGMENTATION OF LABOR MARKET 10 3.5. THE INFLUENCE OF IMMIGRANT LABORERS ON NATIVE EMPLOYEES 11 3.6. THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRANT LABORERS ON LOCAL BUSINESSES 12 3.7. STRUCTURAL AND INDIVIDUAL BARRIERS FOR INTEGRATION 13 3.8. MIGRATION STAGES AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES 14 4. METHODOLOGY 16 4.1. THE QUALITATIVE METHOD 16 4.2. INTERVIEWS AND PILOT INTERVIEWS 17 4.3. SEMI-STRUCTURED AND FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEWS 17 4.4. THE FUNCTION OF A GATEKEEPER 18 4.5. SAMPLING STRATEGIES 18 4.6. ETHICS 19 4.7. LIMITATIONS AND BIAS 19 5. DATA 20 5.1. PILOT INTERVIEW 20 5.2. FOCUS GROUP INTERVIEW 21 5.2.1. RESPONDENTS (FOCUS GROUP) 21 5.3. STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRES 22 5.3.1. DEMOGRAPHICS 23 5.4. BIASES IN THE DATA 24 5.5. REPRESENTATIVENESS 24 6. THEORY 25 6.1. THEORY OF STRUCTURAL ASSIMILATION 25 6.2. APPLIED STRUCTURAL ASSIMILATION 26 7. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 28 7.1. ASYLUM SEEKERS 28 7.1. 1. WORK PERMITS REQUIREMENTS 28 7.1. 2. ASYLUM SEEKERS OPINION ABOUT DENMARK AND ITS POLICIES 29 7.1. 3. ASYLUM SEEKERS INTEGRATION POSSIBILITY 30 7.2. IMMIGRANTS WITH WORK PERMIT 31 7.2.1. SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS (SOCIAL CLIQUES) 31 7.2.2. ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES 34 7.2.3. CIVIC LIFE 36 7.2. 4. WORK ENVIRONMENT 36 7.2. 5. POLITICAL ACTIVATES 38 7.3. PRIMARY RELATIONSHIPS 39 7.3.1. FRIENDSHIPS AND INTER-HOME VISITING 39 7.3.2. COMMUNAL ACTIVITIES 43 8. DISCUSSION 44 8.1. SECONDARY RELATIONSHIPS 45 8.2. PRIMARY RELATIONSHIPS 46 9. CONCLUSION 47 10. REFERENCES 0 11. APPENDIX 6
An Analysis Of Types Of Presupposition In Time Magazine Advertisiment

This research studies about the types of presupposition in TIME Magazine advertisement and the writer want to find out what is the most dominant types of presupposition that used in TIME Magazine. The data are taken from TIME Magazine from the advertisement that is published in TIME Magazine. From 06, 13, 20 April and 4 May 2009. Descriptive quantitative method is used in doing this the research. Descriptive quantitative analysis is intended to describe and findings the moist dominant types of presupposition used in it. In this the research the writer collected the data by reading the advertisement in TIME Magazine and underlining the advertisement. The data are analyzed by identifying the presupposition based on the types. After analyzing the data, the writer finds that the most dominant types of presupposition used in TIME magazine. From six types of presupposition existential presupposition is the most types of presupposition used in TIME Magazine. Existential presupposition is the presupposition that the assumption assumed to be committed to the existence of the entities names by the speaker and assumed to be present in the noun phrase.
Exogenous Salicylic Acid Mitigates Adverse Effects of Salinity on some Photosynthesis-Related Parameters of Almond

Effects of salinity (0, 2, 6, and 8 dS m) on some photosynthetic parameters and morphological characteristics of 3 almond cultivars (‘Tuono’, ‘Shoukofeh’ and ‘Sahand’), with or without Salicylic Acid (SA) treatment (at 0, 1 and 2 mM), were studied in a factorial experiment using the completely randomized design with 3 replications, in a greenhouse experiment. Results revealed that while SA at 1 mM significantly improved morphological and photosynthetic properties of salinized plants, its relatively higher concentration (2 mM) impaired growth and photosynthetic attributes. Of the tested cultivars, Shokoufeh grafted on the GF677 rootstock showed higher salt tolerance than the others. This study provides convincing evidence with regard to the potential of SA in improving almond plant growth under salt stress; suitable concentrations of SA when added to saline situations helped the plants in osmotic adjustment for alleviating the harmful effects of salinity. Efficacy of SA may be tested under field conditions before recommending it as a practical tool to enhance almond plant performance in saline soils.
A Cross Sectional Study Evaluating Internet Addiction and Depression Levels among Medical and Engineering Students of Bengaluru City

Introduction: The internet, aptly called information superhighway is widely used throughout the world. Medical and engineering students are a particularly vulnerable group and thus prone to depression and internet addiction. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction, to assess the levels of depression, anxiety and stress among medical and engineering students and to correlate the level of internet addiction with depression levels. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 200 first year undergraduate students, 100 each from medical and engineering colleges of Bengaluru city, selected by simple random sampling method. Data was collected by interpersonal interviews using a standardized â€˜Internet Addiction Testâ€™ questionnaire by Dr. Kimberly S. Young and â€˜Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)-21â€™ questionnaire by Psychology foundation, UNSW, Australia. Results: In total of 200 students, the mean age of participants was 18.85 Â± 0.197 years. Males constituted 52% while females constituted 48% of study population. The prevalence of Internet addiction was 67%. Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in the study population was 49.5%, 52.5% and 67.5% respectively because of internet addiction. Statistically significant association (p=0.0002) was found between internet addiction and depression levels; between depression and anxiety levels (p=0.00001); depression and stress levels (p=0.0002). Conclusion: The present study highlights the vulnerability of professional college students to internet addiction. Internet addiction also seems to be associated with increasing prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress.
Improvement Potentials in Swedish Electronics Manufacturing Industryâ€“Analysis of Five Case Studies

A method for analysing the profitability of manufacturing facilities has been developed to understand how to improve the competitiveness of the Swedish electronics manufacturing industry. This paper presents the results of five case studies carried out at Swedish electronics manufacturers. During these case studies the method has been tested and further developed. Several areas of improvement have been identified with focus on productivity increase of surface mount assembly lines and manual through-hole assembly. Since the characteristics of the studied production facilities can be found world wide, it’s assumed that the results can be valid at least in other high-cost countries. © 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Professor D. Mourtzis and Professor G. Chryssolouris.
Many, but not all, lineage-specific genes can be explained by homology detection failure

Genes for which homologs can be detected only in a limited group of evolutionarily related species, called “lineage-specific genes,” are pervasive: essentially every lineage has them, and they often comprise a sizable fraction of the group’s total genes. Lineage-specific genes are often interpreted as “novel” genes, representing genetic novelty born anew within that lineage. Here, we develop a simple method to test an alternative null hypothesis: that lineage-specific genes do have homologs outside of the lineage that, even while evolving at a constant rate in a novelty-free manner, have merely become undetectable by search algorithms used to infer homology. We show that this null hypothesis is sufficient to explain the lack of detected homologs of a large number of lineage-specific genes in fungi and insects. However, we also find that a minority of lineage-specific genes in both clades are not well-explained by this novelty-free model. The method provides a simple way of identifying which lineage-specific genes call for special explanations beyond homology detection failure, highlighting them as interesting candidates for further study.
GLACE: The Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling

Zhichang Guo', Paul A. Dirmeyer', Randal D. Koster', Gordon Bonan3, Edmond Chan4, Peter Cox', C.T. Gordon6, Shinjiro Kanae7, Eva Kowalczyk', David Lawrence', Ping Liu", ChengHsuan Lu", Sergey Malyshev12, Bryant McAvaney", J.L. McGregor6, Ken Mitchell", David Mocko", Taikan OkiI4, Keith W. Oleson3, Andrew Pitman", Y.C. Sud2, Christopher M. Taylor'6, Diana Verseghy4, Ratko Vasic17, Yongkang XueI7, and Tomohito Yamada14
CANOPY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, LEAF TRANSPIRATION AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF AN ANDEAN PASTURE IN SE-ECUADOR – A CASE STUDY

The relationship between canopy-level evapotranspiration (ETSci) and leaf-level transpiration (Tleaf) as well as photosynthesis (Pleaf) for a homogeneous tropical montane pasture was analyzed over five days using a combination of methods involving a laser scintillometer and a porometer. Weather conditions ranged from overcast to sunny during the period of study. The gas exchange of the leaves of the dominant pasture grass Setaria sphacelata (transpiration vs. photosynthetic CO2 net uptake ) was measured with a porometer and physiologically interpreted on the background of microclimate variables (photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) as proxy for total light intensity, temperature, water vapor deficit of the air) and soil moisture data. Water use efficiency (WUE, photosynthetic CO2 net uptake vs water loss by leaf transpiration) of the pasture was used to analyze the grass’ range of response to the environmental variables of the research area. PAR and water vapor deficit of the air (VPD) appeared to be the determinant factors for Tleaf and ETSci. WUE for the Setaria sphacelata pasture ranged from 1.9 to 5.8 μmol CO2 mmol-1 H20 day-1 and is particularly low during periods of high VPD combined with enhanced insolation during cloudless periods. ET measurements collected by the scintillometer demonstrated a strong correlation with water flux calculated using the Penman-Monteith approach (TPM) (r2 = 0.95). Also, Tleaf measured with the porometer showed reasonable coincidence with the ET observations (r2 = 0.78). Values of ETSci ranged from 2.26 to 4.96 mm day-1 and Tleaf ranged from 0.83 to 2.41 mm day-1, but only ETSci showed good correspondence with the available energy (net radiation). The lower correlation between Tleaf and canopy-level ETSci compared to that between ETSci and TPM was tested against contaminations from the adjacent fetch area of the scintillometer path, but no effects were found. Likewise, soil water limitations of Tleaf could be ruled out. Therefore, different correlations of ETSci and Tleaf with the incoming energy and VPD may be traced back to a direct effect of the VPD on ET in contrast to its indirect effect on Tleaf which is additionally regulated by physiological processes in the leaf stomata.
Chinese-Style Of Reward-Based Crowd-Funding: Financial Approaches Or Marketing Tools?

Crowd-funding is an emerging industry in China. However, Chinese crowd-funding market has some different characteristics to its US-based or Europe-based predecessors. Some of Chinese founders regard reward-based crowd-funding as a funding approach, while others highlight its marketing functions. Thus, which play more important role at present? This paper investigates the reason for the special performance of reward-based crowd-funding in China from multiple perspectives. The results indicate that the special institutional environments of China---lack of perfect social credit systems and legal systems, not granting legal definition and status for crowd-funding, leads to an inevitable result that Chinese founders make heavy use of the marketing functions of crowd-funding but make light use of the funding function at the present stage. With the perfecting of the institutional and legal environment, many small-and-medium-enterprises and individual entrepreneurs are expected to pay more attention on the funding function of crowd-funding than today.
Multiple-needle corona electrodes for electrostatic processes application

Corona from high-voltage electrodes is employed in various electrostatic installations, such as: ozonizers, air filters, powder sprayers, separators. Multiple-needle electrode designs are preferred whenever low corona onset voltage and good resistance to mechanical shocks are required. The present work aims at identifying a simple solution to overcome the main drawback of this type of electrode: the nonuniformity of the generated space-charge. The experiments were carried out with various models of electrodes, having one or several rows of stainless steel needles. A current probe, consisting of an enameled copper wire (diameter: 0.4 mm), was embedded in the center of a plane collecting electrode. For a given inter-electrode distance (5 to 50 mm) and a fixed position of the multiple-needle electrode, the collecting plate was translated along two orthogonal directions, so that the current probe could scan a 75 mm/spl times/75 mm square. The results depended on the inter-electrode distance and on the high-voltage level. An explanation is given to some observations made on a roll-type electrostatic separator provided with two models of multiple-needle corona electrodes. An improved electrode design was proposed for the industrial installations.
Senior women managers’ transition to entrepreneurship: Leveraging embedded career capital

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of senior women managers leaving corporate organisations to start their own companies. Women's advancement to senior management roles is facilitated by the acquisition of human capital and social capital. Female ex-corporate managers leverage personal accumulations of knowledge, skills, relationships and networks when starting and growing new ventures. A conceptual framework of "embedded career capital" accrued during past experiences and transferable to the individuals' new entrepreneurial ventures is put forward. Design/methodology/approach – Structured, in-depth interviews with ten female entrepreneurs who recently left senior management positions in large UK corporations to start their own ventures support a spectrum from embedded career capital which is transferable and value-creating to embodied career capital consisting of immobile, non-rent-generating accumulations. Findings – Senior women managers leverage "embedded career capital," human capital and social capital accumulated from past experiences, when founding and growing their own businesses. Embedded career capital is mobile and value-generating to the women's new start-ups. In contrast, embodied capital is not capable of generating rents outside the arena in which it was developed and not transferable to the new venture. Research limitations/implications – This exploratory study is based on ten interviews, and reveals practical implications for both senior women managers eager to advance their careers as entrepreneurs and companies keen to retain these women. Originality/value – The results provide support for the new concept of embedded career capital. This paper is one of the first to examine how women account for the use of human capital and social capital in the transition from corporate management to own ventures. (Publication abstract)
Improving Financial Planning Graduate Employability Through Enterprise Education

Financial planning is an applied profession (Houterman 2009) and hence, a mastery of purely theoretical knowledge is insufficient to provide a smooth entry into this profession. The traditional model of financial planning education is not sound as it provides little connection with the profession and can cause much expense and frustration for many graduates as they strive to enter their profession of choice.This paper introduces a more effective model that smooths the progression of financial planning students into the profession. It also examines a number of strategies that provides students with experience in applying their skills and hence, be seen as more employable.
Substrate specificity and regulation of Nedd4 proteins.

Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 are closely related E3 ubiquitin protein ligases that contain a C2 domain, 3-4 WW domains, and a catalytic ubiquitin ligase HECT domain. The WW domains of Nedd4 proteins recognize substrates for ubiquitination by binding the sequence L/PPxY (the PY-motif) found in target proteins. Nedd4-2 functions as a suppressor of the epithelial Na channel (ENaC), which interacts with Nedd4-2 WW domains via PY-motifs located at its C-terminus. The importance of Nedd4-2 mediated ENaC regulation is highlighted by the fact that mutations affecting the ENaC PY-motifs cause Liddle syndrome, a hereditary hypertension. Since all Nedd4 family members recognize the same core sequence in their target proteins, the question was raised of how substrate specificity for Nedd4 family members is achieved. Using intrinsic tryptophan florescence to measure the binding affinity of Nedd4-1/-2 WW domains for their substrate PY-motifs, we demonstrate the importance of both PY-motif and WW domain residues, outside the core binding residues, in determining the specificity of WW domain-ligand interactions. Little was known about regulation of catalytic activity for this family of E3 ligases, and hence was the second focus of my work. Notably, Nedd4-2 contains a PY-motif within its HECT domain, raising the possibility that its catalytic activity is regulated by an interaction between its WW domains and HECT domain. Here I present evidence supporting a model in which a low-affinity interaction between the Nedd4-2 WW domains and its HECT domain
Innovation and Knowledge Creation in an Open Economy: References

List of tables and figures Acknowledgements 1. The economics of knowledge creation 2. The innovation survey 3. Patterns of innovation: intensity and types 4. Sources of innovations 5. Research and development and innovation 6. Effects of innovation 7. Innovation and research and development in small and large firms 8. Innovation regimes and type of innovation 9. The use of intellectual property rights 10. Multinationals and the Canadian innovation process 11. Financing and the cost of innovation 12. The diffusion of innovation 13. Strategic capabilities in innovative businesses 14. Determinants of innovation 15. Summary Appendices References Index.
Maraviroc Intensification in HIV-1 Infected Patients with Persistant Low-levelViremia

HIV-1 persistent low-level-viremia under 500 copies RNA/ml (PLV) is associated with an increased risk of virological progression and resistance. We performed a study on 18 HIV-1 treated patients who received ARV treatment intensification with maraviroc (MVC) because of PLV during the 6 last months or more. During the 12 months following intensification, CD4 T-cells increased by an average of 104/mm3. Percentage of patients with a plasmatic viral load under 50 copies/ml increased regularly since intensification to reach 71% after 12 months of follow-up. MVC intensification could improve virological and immunological responses in case of PLV.
Economics of Malware: Security Decisions, Incentives and Externalities

Malicious software, or malware for short, has become a critical security threat to all who rely on the Internet for their daily business, whether they are large organisations or home users. While originating in criminal behaviour, the magnitude and impact of the malware threat are also influenced by the decisions and behaviour of legitimate market players such as Internet Service Providers (ISPs), software vendors, e-commerce companies, hardware manufacturers, registrars and, last but not least, end users. This working paper reports on qualitative empirical research into the incentives of market players when dealing with malware. The results indicate a number of market-based incentive mechanisms that contribute to enhanced security but also other instances in which decentralised actions may lead to sub-optimal outcomes - i.e. where significant externalities emerge. Economie du “Malware” : decisions de securite, incitations et externalites Les logiciels malveillants, ou "malware", sont devenus une menace serieuse pour tout ceux dont les activites quotidiennes reposent sur l‘utilisation d‘Internet, qu‘il s‘agisse de grandes organisations ou de particuliers. Bien qu‘elle trouve sa source dans un comportement criminel, l‘etendue et les consequences de cette menace sont egalement influencees par les decisions et les comportements d‘acteurs legitimes du marche tels que les fournisseurs d‘acces Internet, vendeurs de logiciels, entreprises de commerce electronique, fabricants de materiel informatique et registres, sans oublier les utilisateurs finals. Ce document reflete le contenu d‘une recherche qualitative et empirique concernant les incitations des acteurs du marche lorsqu‘ils sont confrontes au malware. Les resultats indiquent qu‘il existe des incitations fondees sur le marche qui contribuent a augmenter la securite mais egalement des cas dans lesquels des actions decentralisees peuvent conduire a des resultats sous-optimaux, i.e. ou des externalites significatives emergent.
Embracing the Difference Caring Makes: Implementing Caring Groups in a New Graduate Orientation Program

New graduate nurses face many obstacles as they enter a rapidly changing healthcare environment. Newly licensed registered nurses are expected to assume the role of professional nurse while giving excellent care to patients and their families. To decrease their stress and decrease the cost of turnover, a hospital within a large healthcare system in the southeast implemented a residency program. The program encompassed caring groups to provide mentorship and collegial support and to facilitate a smooth transition into nursing practice. An interpretive phenomenological approach analyzed experiences of new graduates participating in caring groups. The findings support caring groups to assist new graduates’ entrance into the role of professional nurse. Results may provide guidance for healthcare institutions in implementing similar programs.
Bank Monitoring and Corporate Fraud: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

We find that financial misreporting in China is less likely if a firm’s province is more financially developed, if its largest shareholder holds more shares, or if the firm is in a government-supported industry, and more likely if the firm is connected to the market regulator. Many conventional Western governance mechanisms do not affect the incidence of misreporting. Natural experiments using two recent reforms support causal effects of financial development and blockholdings on misreporting. We also find that financial development reduces the frequency of tunneling and insider trading, but ownership structure has differing effects on these two types of fraud.