Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental health in the veterinary profession: an individual or organisational focus?

The veterinary profession is experiencing a shortage of veterinarians, with attrition recognised as a substantial contributor. Research has also indicated increased levels of mental ill health and alarming suicide rates in practitioners. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of eleven modifiable workplace factors on mental health outcomes, job appreciation and intention to leave the veterinary profession. The second aim was to ascertain whether workplace factors influence mental health outcomes after controlling for individual resilience. An online survey was completed by 73 practising Australian veterinarians. Unfavourable workplace factors correlated with adverse outcomes including depression, stress, reduced job appreciation and increased likelihood of leaving both the role and the profession. Workplace factors remained linked with the outcomes of job appreciation, depression and stress whilst controlling for practitioner resilience. Job appreciation was a significant predictor of intention to leave both the current role and the profession. Via multiple linear regression, two categories were identified as associated with improved psychological outcomes and job appreciation. These were workplace factors that represent breaks from workload and control or decision latitude in the workplace. Whilst resilience represents a key area for intervention, workplace factors potentially represent an easier‐to‐modify area for intervention.
Impact of different types of exercise programs on ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies aimed to assess the efficacy of different types of exercise programs (EP) on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) activity, function and mobility. Methods We searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase databases for reports of controlled trials of patients with AS published up to May 2022. The studies were classified by intervention into categories defined by the 4 exercise domains established by the American College of Sports Medicine and then adopted by the European League Against Rheumatism: aerobic, muscle strength, flexibility, neuromotor performance. Results We found a moderate effect of EP as a whole on BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) (−0.60, 95% CI −0.95, -0.25, p < 0.001), BASFI (Functional) (−0.63, 95% CI −0.84, −0.42, p < 0.0001) and BASMI (Metrology) (-0.52, 95% CI −0.88, -0.15, p < 0.01). The effect of “flexibility + muscle strength” EP was large for BASMI, moderate for BASDAI and BASFI. The effect of “flexibility + muscle strength + aerobic” EP was large for BASFI, moderate for BASDAI. Conclusions EP, regardless of the specific type of exercise, have a moderate effect on AS activity, function and mobility. EP including flexibility and muscle strength exercises may have a large effect, especially for mobility. Programs including aerobic exercise showed significant efficacy for function. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION In ankylosing spondylitis (AS), any exercise program (EP), regardless of the type of exercises involved, showed a moderate effect on disease activity, function and spinal mobility. In AS, EP combining flexibility and strength exercises showed the largest effect on spinal mobility and should be encouraged. In AS, EP combining flexibility, muscle strength and aerobic exercises may be particularly effective on patient function.
Bridging Lattice-Scale Physics and Continuum Field Theory with Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations

We discuss designer Hamiltonians—lattice models tailored to be free from sign problems (“de-signed”) when simulated with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods but which still host complex many-body states and quantum phase transitions of interest in condensed matter physics. We focus on quantum spin systems in which competing interactions lead to nonmagnetic ground states. These states and the associated quantum phase transitions can be studied in great detail, enabling direct access to universal properties and connections with low-energy effective quantum field theories. As specific examples, we discuss the transition from a Neel antiferromagnet to either a uniform quantum paramagnet or a spontaneously symmetry-broken valence-bond solid (VBS) in SU(2) and SU(N) invariant spin models. We also discuss anisotropic (XXZ) systems harboring topological Z2 spin liquids and the XY* transition. We briefly review recent progress on QMC algorithms, including ground-state projection in the valence-bond basis and direct .
A transient inflammatory response contributes to oxaliplatin neurotoxicity in mice

Peripheral neuropathy is a relevant dose‐limiting adverse event that can affect up to 90% of oncologic patients with colorectal cancer receiving oxaliplatin treatment. The severity of neurotoxicity often leads to dose reduction or even premature cessation of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the limited knowledge about the molecular mechanisms related to oxaliplatin neurotoxicity leads to a lack of effective treatments to prevent the development of this clinical condition. In this context, the present work aimed to determine the exact molecular mechanisms involved in the development of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity in a murine model to try to find new therapeutical targets.
The quantifying relationship between the remission duration and the cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in the patients with primary nephrotic syndrome

Abstract Background Patients with persistent nephrotic-range proteinuria have a high risk of kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular events. Recently, the maintenance of proteinuria remission has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of kidney endpoint. However, the effect of remission duration on cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. Methods This study enrolled 982 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome who had achieved clinical remission. Remission duration was defined as the maintenance time (months) of the first remission. Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and kidney dysfunction (ESKD or eGFR reduction >50%) were the endpoints. Survival curves, Cox regression models, restricted cubic spline analysis were used and the cutoff time points were determined. Results During the 38.3 months of follow-up, 161 (16.4%) patients developed ASCVD (51.3 per 1000 patient-years) and 52 (5.3%) patients developed kidney dysfunction (15.3 per 1000 patient-years). Multivariate analysis showed that remission duration was an independently protective factor to ASCVD, in which each one-year extension associated with a 15% reduction of the risk (HR, 0.854; 95% CI, 0.776 ∼ 0.940, p = .001). The initial time point was seven months for remission to present the protective effect to ASCVD and the maximum time point was 36 months. Remission duration was also an independently protective factor to kidney dysfunction. This effect was shown from the beginning of remission and reached the maximum at 26 months. Conclusions The maintenance of proteinuria remission was crucial for the improvement of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in nephrotic syndrome patients.
SUBSTELLAR OBJECTS IN NEARBY YOUNG CLUSTERS (SONYC). V. NEW BROWN DWARFS IN ρ OPHIUCHI

SONYC—Substellar Objects in Nearby Young Clusters—is a survey program to investigate the frequency and properties of substellar objects with masses down to a few times that of Jupiter in nearby star-forming regions. For the ∼1 Myr old ρ Ophiuchi cluster, in our earlier paper we reported deep, wide-field optical and near-infrared imaging using Subaru, combined with Two Micron All Sky Survey and Spitzer photometry, as well as follow-up spectroscopy confirming three likely cluster members, including a new brown dwarf with a mass close to the deuterium-burning limit. Here we present the results of extensive new spectroscopy targeting a total of ∼100 candidates in ρ Oph, with Fiber Multi Object Spectrograph at the Subaru Telescope and SINFONI at the ESO's Very Large Telescope. We identify 19 objects with effective temperatures at or below 3200 K, eight of which are newly identified very low mass probable members of ρ Oph. Among these eight, six objects have Teff ⩽ 3000 K, confirming their likely substellar nature. These six new brown dwarfs comprise one-fifth of the known substellar population in ρ Oph. We estimate that the number of missing substellar objects in our survey area is ∼15, down to 0.003–0.03 M☉ and for AV = 0–15. The upper limit on the low-mass star to brown dwarf ratio in ρ Oph is 5.1 ± 1.4, while the disk fractions are ∼40% and ∼60% for stars and brown dwarfs, respectively. Both results are in line with those for other nearby star-forming regions.
The combined contribution of maternal sensitivity and disrupted affective communication to infant attachment in an Israeli sample

ABSTRACT Maternal sensitivity and disrupted communication are usually considered independently as antecedents of attachment security and attachment disorganization, respectively. This study examined whether considering them jointly allows specific predictions of attachment classifications. The sample (N = 159) was selected from a previous study conducted in Israel between 1991–1993, and over-represented disorganized and ambivalent attachment. Attachment was assessed at 12 months in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), sensitivity was assessed from free-play observations at 6 and 12 months, and disrupted communication was coded from the SSP. As hypothesized, high sensitivity and low disruption predicted secure attachment; low sensitivity and high disruption predicted disorganized-insecure attachment or ambivalent attachment; and high sensitivity and high disruption predicted disorganized-secure attachment. Low sensitivity and low disrupted communication did not predict avoidant attachment. The results show that combining maternal sensitivity and disrupted communication improves the precision in identifying maternal antecedents of attachment.
The average number of distinct sites visited by a random walker on random graphs

We study the linear large-n behaviour of the average number of distinct sites S(n) visited by a random walker after n steps on a large random graph. An expression for the graph topology-dependent prefactor B in S(n) = Bn is proposed. We use generating function techniques to relate this prefactor to the graph adjacency matrix and then devise message-passing equations to calculate its value. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the agreement between the message passing predictions and random walk simulations on random graphs. Scaling with system size and average graph connectivity are also analysed.
Protoplanetary Disk Evolution: Singles vs. Binaries

Abstract Based on a large number of observations carried out in the last decade it appears that the fraction of stars with protoplanetary disks declines steadily between ~1 Myr and ~10 Myr. We do, however, know that the multiplicity fraction of star-forming regions can be as high as >50% and that multiples have reduced disk lifetimes on average. As a consequence, the observed roughly exponential disk decay can be fully attributed neither to single nor binary stars and its functional form may need revision. Observational evidence for a non-exponential decay has been provided by Kraus et al. (2012), who statistically correct previous disk frequency measurements for the presence of binaries and find agreement with models that feature a constantly high disk fraction up to ~3 Myr, followed by a rapid (≲2 Myr) decline. We present results from our high angular resolution observational program to study the fraction of protoplanetary disks of single and binary stars separately. We find that disk evolution timescales of stars bound in close binaries (<100 AU) are significantly reduced compared to wider binaries. The frequencies of accretors among single stars and wide binaries appear indistinguishable, and are found to be lower than predicted from planet forming disk models governed by viscous evolution and photoevaporation.
Comparing magnetic field extrapolations with measurements of magnetic loops

We compare magnetic field extrapolations from a photospheric magnetogram with the observationally inferred struc- ture of magnetic loops in a newly developed active region. This is the first time that the reconstructed 3D-topology of the magnetic field is available to test the extrapolations. We compare the observations with potential fields, linear force-free fields and non-linear force-free fields. This comparison reveals that a potential field extrapolation is not suitable for a reconstruction of the magnetic field in this young, developing active region. The inclusion of field-line-parallel electric currents, the so called force-free approach, gives much better results. Furthermore, a non-linear force-free computation reproduces the observations better than the linear force-free approximation, although no free parameters are available in the former case.
Kinematic dynamo in two-dimensional chaotic flow: the initial and final stages

The small-scale kinematic dynamo in a two-dimensional chaotic flow is studied. The analytic approach is developed in framework of the Kraichnan-Kazantsev model. It is shown that the growth of magnetic field $\bm{B}$ fluctuations stops at large times in accordance with so-called anti-dynamo theorems. The value of $\bm{B}^2$ increased therewith in square of the magnetic Prandtl number times. The spatial structure of the correlation tensor of the magnetic field is found.
Quantum algorithms for algebraic problems

Quantum computers can execute algorithms that dramatically outperform classical computation. As the best-known example, Shor discovered an efficient quantum algorithm for factoring integers, whereas factoring appears to be difficult for classical computers. Understanding what other computational problems can be solved significantly faster using quantum algorithms is one of the major challenges in the theory of quantum computation, and such algorithms motivate the formidable task of building a large-scale quantum computer. This article reviews the current state of quantum algorithms, focusing on algorithms with superpolynomial speedup over classical computation and, in particular, on problems with an algebraic flavor.
Simulating the impact of photoreceptor loss and inner retinal network changes on electrical activity of the retina

Objective. A major reason for poor visual outcomes provided by existing retinal prostheses is the limited knowledge of the impact of photoreceptor loss on retinal remodelling and its subsequent impact on neural responses to electrical stimulation. Computational network models of the neural retina assist in the understanding of normal retinal function but can be also useful for investigating diseased retinal responses to electrical stimulation. Approach. We developed and validated a biophysically detailed discrete neuronal network model of the retina in the software package NEURON. The model includes rod and cone photoreceptors, ON and OFF bipolar cell pathways, amacrine and horizontal cells and finally, ON and OFF retinal ganglion cells with detailed network connectivity and neural intrinsic properties. By accurately controlling the network parameters, we simulated the impact of varying levels of degeneration on retinal electrical function. Main results. Our model was able to reproduce characteristic monophasic and biphasic oscillatory patterns seen in ON and OFF neurons during retinal degeneration (RD). Oscillatory activity occurred at 3 Hz with partial photoreceptor loss and at 6 Hz when all photoreceptor input to the retina was removed. Oscillations were found to gradually weaken, then disappear when synapses and gap junctions were destroyed in the inner retina. Without requiring any changes to intrinsic cellular properties of individual inner retinal neurons, our results suggest that changes in connectivity alone were sufficient to give rise to neural oscillations during photoreceptor degeneration, and significant network connectivity destruction in the inner retina terminated the oscillations. Significance. Our results provide a platform for further understanding physiological retinal changes with progressive photoreceptor and inner RD. Furthermore, our model can be used to guide future stimulation strategies for retinal prostheses to benefit patients at different stages of disease progression, particularly in the early and mid-stages of RD.
Gluing localized mirror functors

We develop a method of gluing the local mirrors and functors constructed from immersed Lagrangians in the same deformation class. As a result, we obtain a global mirror geometry and a canonical mirror functor. We apply the method to construct the mirrors of punctured Riemann surfaces and show that our functor derives homological mirror symmetry.
Universal I-Q relations for rapidly rotating neutron and strange stars in scalar-tensor theories

We study how rapid rotation influences the relation between the normalized moment of inertia $\bar{I}$ and quadrupole moment $\bar{Q}$ for scalarized neutron stars. The questions one has to answer are whether the EOS universality is preserved in this regime and what are the deviations from general relativity. Our results show that the $\bar{I}-\bar{Q}$ relation is nearly EOS independent for scalarized rapidly rotating stars, but the differences with pure Einstein's theory increase compared to the slowly rotating case. In general, smaller negative values of the scalar field coupling parameters $\beta$ lead to larger deviations, but these deviations are below the expected accuracy of the future astrophysical observations if one considers values of $\beta$ in agreement with the current observational constraint. An important remark is that although the normalized $\bar{I}-\bar{Q}$ relation is quite similar for scalar-tensor theories and general relativity, the unnormalized moment of inertia and quadrupole moment can be very different in the two theories. This demonstrates that although the $\bar{I}-\bar{Q}$ relations are potentially very useful for some purposes, they might not serve us well when trying to distinguish between different theories of gravity.
Disparities in Emergency Medical Services Care Delivery in the United States: A Scoping Review

Abstract Background Emergency medical services (EMS) often serve as the first medical contact for ill or injured patients, representing a critical access point to the health care delivery continuum. While a growing body of literature suggests inequities in care within hospitals and emergency departments, limited research has comprehensively explored disparities related to patient demographic characteristics in prehospital care. Objective We aimed to summarize the existing literature on disparities in prehospital care delivery for patients identifying as members of an underrepresented race, ethnicity, sex, gender, or sexual orientation group. Methods We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed (gray) literature. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Proquest Dissertations, Scopus, Google, and professional websites for studies set in the U.S. between 1960 and 2021. Each abstract and full-text article was screened by two reviewers. Studies written in English that addressed the underrepresented groups of interest and investigated EMS-related encounters were included. Studies were excluded if a disparity was noted incidentally but was not a stated objective or discussed. Data extraction was conducted using a standardized electronic form. Results were summarized qualitatively using an inductive approach. Results One hundred forty-five full-text articles from the peer-reviewed literature and two articles from the gray literature met inclusion criteria: 25 studies investigated sex/gender, 61 studies investigated race/ethnicity, and 58 studies investigated both. One study investigated sexual orientation. The most common health conditions evaluated were out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (n = 50), acute coronary syndrome (n = 36), and stroke (n = 31). The phases of EMS care investigated included access (n = 55), pre-arrival care (n = 46), diagnosis/treatment (n = 42), and response/transport (n = 40), with several studies covering multiple phases. Disparities were identified related to all phases of EMS care for underrepresented groups, including symptom recognition, pain management, and stroke identification. The gray literature identified public perceptions of EMS clinicians’ cultural competency and the ability to appropriately care for transgender patients in the prehospital setting. Conclusions Existing research highlights health disparities in EMS care delivery throughout multiple health outcomes and phases of EMS care. Future research is needed to identify structured mechanisms to eliminate disparities, address clinician bias, and provide high-quality equitable care for all patient populations.
Hierarchical dynamic regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced lutein biosynthesis

Lutein, as a carotenoid with strong antioxidant capacity and an important component of macular pigment in the retina, has wide applications in pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetics industries. Besides extraction from plant and algae, microbial fermentation using engineered cell factories to produce lutein has emerged as a promising route. However, intra‐pathway competition between the lycopene cyclases and the conflict between cell growth and production are two major challenges. In our previous study, de novo synthesis of lutein had been achieved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by dividing the pathway into two stages (δ‐carotene formation and conversion) using temperature as the input signal to realize sequential cyclation of lycopene. However, lutein production was limited to microgram level, which is still too low to meet industrial demand. In this study, a dual‐signal hierarchical dynamic regulation system was developed and applied to divide lutein biosynthesis into three stages in response to glucose concentration and culture temperature. By placing the genes involved in δ‐carotene formation under the glucose‐responsive ADH2 promoter and genes involved in the conversion of δ‐carotene to lutein under temperature‐responsive GAL promoters, the growth‐production conflict and intra‐pathway competition were simultaneously resolved. Meanwhile, the rate‐limiting lycopene ε‐cyclation and carotene hydroxylation reactions were improved by screening for lycopene ε‐cyclase with higher activity and fine tuning of the P450 enzymes and their redox partners. Finally, a lutein titer of 19.92 mg/L (4.53 mg/g DCW) was obtained in shake‐flask cultures using the engineered yeast strain YLutein‐3S‐6, which is the highest lutein titer ever reported in heterologous production systems.