Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey Results of Pain Treatments in Youths with Cerebral Palsy

The purpose of this study was to identify current interventions used in the pediatric population to decrease cerebral palsy (CP)-related pain by surveying children with CP and their parents in two focus areas: first, regarding pain related to CP and second, interventions sought in conjuncture with CP-related pain symptoms. The first portion of this study centers on if the child had CP-related pain in the last three months and location of the worst reported pain. The second portion of this study reports what interventions have been used, how often these interventions were administered, if the intervention is still being used, and how helpful each intervention is perceived to have been. 62 children, 29 females and 39 males, with a medical diagnosis of CP that were between the ages of 8-21 and 98 parent respondents participated in this study in two waves of data collection. The results of the data indicated parent reports of pain in the last three months in 77 of the 98 parent respondents and 41 of the 62 child respondents with more pain reported in the head (46%), neck (44%), and chest (28%) areas and the worst pain locations reported in the legs (26%), feet (21%), back (13%), and knees (13%). The most sought and still used interventions included Tylenol (74%, 77%), physical/occupational therapy (73%, 72%), braces/orthotics (67%, 50%), and stretching (67%, 90%). These interventions were rated between 3.67 and 5.0 on a 5-point scale of perceived effectiveness. This study presents four main findings from this data: that youths with CP feel pain related to CP symptoms throughout their bodies, that the main pain locations for the most severe pain are located in the lower extremity, that interventions with higher rated perceived helpfulness are used less frequently then interventions with moderate ratings on the perceived helpfulness scale, and that the pain reported interferes with the child’s number of daily activities. These findings are significant in that knowing what is perceived to be helpful can assist in guiding medical professionals to recommend interventions and provide base information for future studies to expand on effective interventions to decrease pain in youths with CP.
Central and Peripheral Functions T Cell Differentiation and Bridges + CD4CXCR3 Is Induced Early on the Pathway of

Chemokine receptors on T cells are frequently categorized as functioning either in immune system homeostasis within lymphoid organs, or in peripheral inﬂammation. CXCR3 is in the latter category and is reported to be expressed selectively on Th1 cells. We found that CXCR3 was expressed in vivo on newly activated tonsillar CD4 (cid:1) T cells. Using CD4 (cid:1) T cells from cord blood, we found that CXCR3 was induced by cellular activation in vitro independently of the cytokine milieu, although on resting cells, expression was maintained preferentially on those that had been activated in type 1 conditions. In inﬂamed tonsils, CXCR3 (cid:1) CD4 (cid:1) T cells were localized around and within germinal centers. The inference that CXCR3 has a role in germinal center reactions was supported by the ﬁnding that the CXCR3 ligand CXC chemokine ligand 9 was expressed in a pattern demarcating a subset of germinal centers both in tonsil and in lymph nodes from an HIV-infected individual. We next investigated the role of CXCR3 on peripheral effector/memory CD4 (cid:1) T cells by comparing its pattern of expression with that of CCR5, another Th1-cell associated chemokine receptor. Analysis of cells directly from peripheral blood and after activation in vitro suggested that CXCR3 expression preceded that of CCR5, supporting a model of sequential induction of chemokine receptors during CD4 (cid:1) T cell differentiation. Taken together, our data show that CXCR3 can be expressed at all stages of CD4 (cid:1) T cell activation and differentiation, bridging central function in lymphoid organs and effector function in peripheral tissues. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 2812–2824.
Short Communication Effect of Commonly Used Organic Solvents on the Kinetics of Cytochrome P450 2B6- and 2C8-Dependent Activity in Human Liver Microsomes

: The effect of common organic solvents on the activities of various human cytochromes P450 has been reported. However, very little is known about their influence on CYP2B6 and CYP2C8 enzymes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of solvents on the kinetics of representative CYP2B6 (bupropion hydroxylase) and CYP2C8 (paclitaxel hydroxylase) reactions in human liver microsomes. Methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile were studied at increasing volumes (v/v). Acetonitrile, DMSO, and ethanol were shown to increase the K m and decrease the intrinsic clearance (CL int ) of CYP2B6-mediated bupropion hydroxylation in a concentration-dependent manner. These solvents did not noticeably alter the V max at concentrations of < 1% (v/v). Unlike the other solvents studied, the effect of methanol ( < 0.5%, v/v) on CYP2B6 kinetics was negligible. Both DMSO and ethanol increased the K m and decreased the CL int of CYP2C8-mediated paclitaxel hydroxylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Acetonitrile had minimal influence on CYP2C8 enzyme kinetics at concentrations of < 1% (v/v). Methanol decreased the K m of paclitaxel at low concentrations followed by an increase at concentrations of > 2% (v/v). This differential influence on K m resulted in an increased CL int at low concentrations followed by a decrease at high concentrations. The studied solvents had minimal influence on V max of paclitaxel. Collectively, DMSO and ethanol were not suitable for characterizing CYP2B6- and CYP2C8-mediated reactions because they showed concentration-dependent
Isolation, Identi cation and Genetic Characteristics of an Uncommon Norovirus Genotype, GIX.1[GII.P15], From Kunming, China

Yanli Chen Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Qiongwen Wu Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Guiman Li Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hongzhe Li Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Wenlong Li kunming center for Disease Control and Prevention Li Qin Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Huiwen Zheng Institute of Medical Biology Changkun Liu Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Heng Li Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology Min Hou Kunming center for Disease Control and Prevention Longding Liu (  longdingl@gmail.com ) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medical Biology
G B Cell Developmental Requirement for the

Null mutation of the G (cid:1) i2 trimeric G protein results in a discrete and profound mucosal disorder, including inﬂammatory bowel disease (IBD), attenuation of IL-10 expression, and immune function polarized to Th1 activity. Genetic and adoptive transfer experiments have established a role for B cells and IL-10 in mucosal immunologic homeostasis and IBD resistance. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that G (cid:1) i2 is required for the development of IL-10-producing B cells. G (cid:1) i2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice were reduced in the relative abundance of marginal zone (MZ), transitional type 2 (T2), and B-1a B cells and signiﬁcantly increased in follicular mature and B-1b B cells. Reconstitution of RAG2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice with G (cid:1) i2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) bone marrow induced an IBD-like colitis and a deﬁciency in absolute numbers of MZ, T2, and B-1 B cells. Thus, the G (cid:1) i2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) genotype in colitis susceptibility and B cell development involved a cis effect within the hemopoietic compartment. In vitro, the B cell population of G (cid:1) i2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice was functionally deﬁcient in LPS-induced proliferation and IL-10 production, consistent with the exclusive capacity of T2 and MZ cell subpopulations for LPS responsiveness. In vivo, G (cid:1) i2 (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice were selectively impaired for the IgM response to T-independent type II, consistent with the relative depletion of MZ and peritoneal B-1 subpopulations. Collectively, these results reveal a selective role for G (cid:1) i2 in MZ and B-1 B cell development. Disorders of this G (cid:1) i2-dependent process in B cell development may represent a mechanism for IBD susceptibility. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 170: 1707–1715. disease, and are deﬁcient in these B-1a, MZ, and T2 B cells. Functionally, G (cid:1) i2 (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice have a reduced LPS B cell response, both at the levels of proliferation and IL-10 production. Collec-tively, these results suggest that G (cid:1) i2 plays a role B cell development, and that disorders of this G (cid:1) i2 -dependent process in B cell development may interfere with the formation of B cell subpopulations which reduce IBD susceptibility.
H19 Knockdown Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis by Regulating miR-130a-3p/ SATB1 in Breast Cancer Cells

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lncRNAs play an important role in BC. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), H19/miRNA-130a-3P/special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1) axis on BC progression. Materials and Methods: Expression of lncRNA and RNA was quantified via RT-qPCR. CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometric analyses were used to analyze the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and a RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used to assess molecular binding. Protein levels were measured by Western blotting. The function of the lncRNA H19 (hereafter referred to as H19) was examined by xenotransplantation. Results: We demonstrated that H19 expression was higher in cancer tissues and cancer cell lines than in adjacent non-tumor tissues and normal cell lines, respectively. H19 silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells, and induced apoptosis. In addition, H19 directly bound to miR-130a-3p and downregulated its expression. We further demonstrated that H19 sponged miRNA-130a-3p, which resulted in SATB1 upregulation, thus promoting BC progression. Silencing of H19 substantially suppressed BC tumorigenesis in vivo. Conclusion: Our data uncovered a novel mechanism of BC progression based on the H19-miR-130a-3p-SATB1 axis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA

There is general agreement that most diabetic patients require insulin in the perioperative period [1-3]. Insulin therapy is essential in all insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and is also used in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), except for those undergoing minor surgery. For example, the use of an insulin infusion in NIDDM patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy was associated with greater metabolic abnormalities than the omission of the oral agent [4]. Two main methods are used for the administration of insulin at present, and both are based on the i.v. infusion of the hormone: the combined infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK regimen) described by Alberti and Thomas [5] and the use of variable-rate separate glucose and insulin infusions [6]. The former has achieved considerable popularity because of its simplicity and safety, but is probably being slowly superseded by the more flexible second method. Both continuous infusion methods are a logical approach to the administration of a hormone with a half-life in the blood of only a few minutes.
The Is

Hamstrings muscle fibre composition may be predominantly fast-twitch and could explain 21 the high incidence of hamstrings strain injuries. However, hamstrings muscle composition in 22 vivo, and its influence on knee flexor muscle function, remains unknown. We investigated 23 biceps femoris long head (BFlh) myosin-heavy chain (MHC) composition from biopsy 24 samples, and the association of hamstrings composition and hamstrings muscle volume 25 (using MRI) with knee flexor maximal and explosive strength. Thirty-one young men 26 performed maximal (concentric, eccentric, isometric) and explosive (isometric) contractions. 27 BFlh exhibited a balanced MHC distribution (mean±SD (min-max); 47.1±9.1% (32.6-71.0%) 28 MHC-I, 35.5±8.5% (21.5-60.0%) MHC-IIA, 17.4±9.1% (0.0-30.9%) MHC-IIX). Muscle volume 29 was correlated with knee flexor maximal strength at all velocities and contraction modes (r= 30 0.62–0.76, P < 0.01), but only associated with late phase explosive strength (time to 90 Nm; 31 r= -0.53, P < 0.05). In contrast, BFlh muscle composition was not related to any maximal or 32 explosive strength measure. BFlh MHC composition was not found to be ‘fast’, and 33 therefore composition does not appear to explain the high incidence of hamstrings strain 34 injury. Hamstrings muscle volume explained 38-58% of the inter-individual differences in 35 knee flexor maximum strength at a range of velocities and contraction modes, while BFlh 36 muscle composition was not associated with maximal or explosive strength. 37
Double-Strand Breaks in Lymphocytes Is Essential for Proper Response to DNA Atm Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species by

The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of genomic stability. Although it has been recently shown that antioxidative agents inhibited lymphomagenesis in Atm (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice, the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we intensively investigated the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phenotypes of Atm (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice. Reduction of ROS by the antioxidant N -acetyl- L -cysteine (NAC) prevented the emergence of senescent phenotypes in Atm (cid:1) / (cid:1) mouse embryonic ﬁbroblasts, hypersensitivity to total body irradiation, and thymic lymphomagenesis in Atm (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice. To understand the mechanisms for prevention of lymphomagenesis, we analyzed development of pretumor lymphocytes in Atm (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice. Impairment of Ig class switch recombination seen in Atm (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice was mitigated by NAC, indicating that ROS elevation leads to abnormal response to programmed double-strand breaks in vivo. Signiﬁcantly, in vivo administration of NAC to Atm (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice restored normal T cell development and inhibited aberrant V(D)J recombination. We conclude that Atm-mediated ROS regulation is essential for proper DNA recombination, preventing immunodeﬁciency, and lymphomagenesis. The Loss of ATM could lead to a defective anchor effect promoting aberrant rejoining of DNA fragments, particularly those at the TCR loci. Furthermore, it has been reported that Atm is required for suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase-induced c- myc -Igh translocation in B cells (32). Our data indicate that suppression of ROS by ATM is crucial for this anchor effect and thus for proper DNA recombination. Further study will be required to determine precisely how ROS affects the putative anchor protein complex.
Distribution and habitat suitability of two neighboring Lycian salamanders

— Lyciasalamandra fazilae and Lyciasalamandra flavimembris are two Endangered and endemic species which occur only in Muğla province of Turkey. In protecting an endemic or endangered species, the first step is to understand its potential and/or known distribution. Therefore, we used the Maximum Entropy modelling software (MaxEnt) to analyze the current potential distribution and most important habitat features associated with the localities of these two species. The variables with the highest contributions to the model were: Bedrock, Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for L. flavimembris ; and Bedrock, Temperature Seasonality, Precipitation Seasonality, and Precipitation of Coldest Quarter for L. fazilae . We also identified two new localities for L. flavimembris using the habitat suitability model.
Hierarchical Aggregation of Dialectal Data for Arabic Dialect Identification

Arabic is a collection of dialectal variants that are historically related but significantly different. These differences can be seen across regions, countries, and even cities in the same countries. Previous work on Arabic Dialect identification has focused mainly on specific dialect levels (region, country, province, or city) using level-specific resources; and different efforts used different schemas and labels. In this paper, we present the first effort aiming at defining a standard unified three-level hierarchical schema (region-country-city) for dialectal Arabic classification. We map 29 different data sets to this unified schema, and use the common mapping to facilitate aggregating these data sets. We test the value of such aggregation by building language models and using them in dialect identification. We make our label mapping code and aggregated language models publicly available.
Postoperative Corneal Edema After Phacoemulsification 1

Aim: To determine the effect of nuclear opalescence (NO) on intraoperative parameters during phacoemulsification using the WhiteStar Signature® PRO and to show the impact of preoperative and intraoperative parameters on postoperative corneal edema. Methods: This prospective study included 267 patients selected to undergo phacoemulsification using the WhiteStar Signature® PRO system at the Department of Ophthalmology of the General Hospital “Dr Josip Benčević”, Sl avonski Brod, Croatia. NO was graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Preoperative parameters were age, sex, NO and preoperative central corneal thickness. Intraoperative parameters of phacoemulsification included in the study were ultrasound time (UST), phaco time using Ellips FX technology (EFX) and average phaco power (AVG). Patients were followed up on postoperative days 1 and 7 and after two months. The state of the cornea was noted in each follow-up. Results: There was a statistically significant increase of intraoperative parameters with NO. Postoperative corneal edema depended on all measured intraoperative parameters (UST, EFX and AVG, all p < .001), patient’s age (p < .05) and NO (p < .001) on postoperative day 1, while on postoperative day
Plastic policies: Contemporary opportunities and challenges in public libraries’ enactment of cultural policy

This study explores how democracy—often understood as an abstract concept or a location-transcending, intangible phenomenon—is produced, shaped and continuously reshaped through local library practices in certain places and under local conditions at a specific point in time. To better understand potential conflicts and/or tensions that might arise between the three levels of Swedish library policy at a time when values enshrined in the Swedish democratic model are being challenged by radical right-wing parties, we explored the potential influence on and enactment of policy documents in public libraries day-to-day practice. We did so by conducting an ethnographic study of five municipalities in Sweden’s Skåne County. Our study was theoretically informed by practice theory and the view of democracy as an ongoing process and a plurality. Our findings showed that policy documents are often internalized by library staff. The influence of the democratic mission established in the Swedish Library Act , in particular, was evident in the way library staff carried out their work. One tension created by the “democratic paradox” (i.e., the requirement that a democracy allow opponents of the democratic form of rule a voice) was evident in library policy enactments, inasmuch as librarians adopted different stances towards the neutrality norm. Thus, in practice, what appear to be rigid, inflexible policy documents are in fact plastic and mouldable. This plasticity allows room for librarians to legitimately promote democracy. Although public librarians spend much time engaging with various policy documents, they consider it time well spent and value the result. Public libraries appear as locations where different levels of cultural policy interconnect. In their role as public institutions, they also have a mission to fulfil in honoring the democratic paradox via a praxis that includes support for democracy as one of their goals.
INTERNAL BRAND COMMUNICATION FOR TRANSFORMING EMPLOYEES INTO BRAND CHAMPIONS: THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE AND VALUE CONGRUENCE

Purpose – This paper highlights the importance of employees and the internal branding process in building and sustaining powerful brands. Specifically, we explore the impact of internal brand communication on employee brand commitment. By including employee brand knowledge and employee-brand fit as mediators, organizations develop a more comprehensive understanding of how to enhance the affective brand commitment of their employees. Design/Methodology/Approac h – A total of 226 employees of an international hotel chain participated in the study. Employee data were collected with a questionnaire and analyzed by applying structural equation modeling. Findings and implications – The results imply that what matters is not only the direct influence on employee commitment. Rather, by continuously enriching employ-Sažetak . ee cognition and enhancing employee brand value congruence, organizations can achieve higher levels of af- fective brand commitment and, in turn, better customer service. The paper provides several practical implications for managers regarding how to manage communication and other internal branding efforts in their organizations, thus empowering employees and transforming them into brand champions. Limitations – Data on internal brand communication could also be collected from top management and direct supervisors to complement employee perspectives on internal branding. Originality/value – The inclusion of internal brand communication and employee brand knowledge in the in- ternal branding process has led to more comprehensive understanding of how to enhance affective brand commitment of employees.
MIndfulness: The Missing Piece in Addiction Treatment

Mindfulness in addiction treatment is a young concept. Small samples of research and pilot programs show mindfulness is a positive approach to addiction treatment, but there is no concise theory as to how mindfulness should be implemented in addiction treatment. This research paper is designed to examine mindfulness in addiction treatment to aid in the success of sustained sobriety. Firsthand experience in addiction treatment as currently established, research of current mindfulness addiction treatment implementations, and qualitative interviews together suggest that mindfulness is a missing piece in addiction treatment. MINDFULNESS: THE MISSING PIECE