Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Do Commodity Prices Matter for the Carry Trade? The Role of FX Liquidity

Carry traders invest in high-yield currencies, which are typically the currencies of commodity exporters. Guided by this stylized fact, we study the impact of commodity prices on carry trade performance. Commodity price shocks contemporaneously explain and predict carry trade returns but only when currency market liquidity is low. Our findings are consistent with the premise that a decline in commodity prices is perceived as negative news for commodity exporters and induces carry traders to unwind their positions, thereby exacerbating the downward price pressure during liquidity dry-outs. This sheds new light on the interconnection between the commodity and currency markets.
Individual patterns of visual exploration predict the extent of fear generalization in humans

Generalization of fear is considered an important mechanism contributing to the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Although previous studies have identified the importance of stimulus discrimination for fear generalization, it is still unclear to what degree overt attention to relevant stimulus features might mediate its magnitude. To test the prediction that visual preferences for distinguishing stimulus aspects are associated with reduced fear generalization, we developed a set of facial stimuli that was meticulously manipulated such that pairs of faces could either be distinguished by looking into the eyes or into the region around mouth and nose, respectively. These pairs were then employed as CS+ and CS− in a differential fear conditioning paradigm followed by a generalization test with morphs in steps of 20%. Shock expectancy ratings indicated a moderately curved fear generalization gradient that is typical for healthy samples but its shape was altered depending on individual attentional deployment: Subjects who dwelled on the distinguishing facial features faster and for longer periods of time exhibited less fear generalization. Although both, pupil and heart rate responses also showed a generalization gradient, with pupil diameter and heart rate deceleration increasing as a function of threat, these responses were not significantly related to visual exploration. In total, the current results indicate that the extent of explicit fear generalization depends on individual patterns of attentional deployment. Future studies evaluating the efficacy of perceptual trainings that aim to augment stimulus discriminability in order to reduce (over )generalization seem desirable. Data, materials, experimental & analysis scripts can be accessed via https://osf.io/4gz7f/.
Neural correlates of intelligence and general knowledge obtained by magnetic resonance imaging

Fur die vorliegende Dissertation wurde mittels Magnetresonanztomographie untersucht, inwiefern interindividuelle Unterschiede bei Intelligenz und Allgemeinwissen auf Unterschiede in den strukturellen und funktionellen Eigenschaften des Gehirns zuruckgefuhrt werden konnen. Im Rahmen der ersten Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Allgemeinwissen eines Individuums mit einem graphentheoretischen Mas der strukturellen Hirnkonnektivitat assoziiert ist. In der zweiten Studie konnte mittels "Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging" nachgewiesen werden, dass die fluide Intelligenz eines Individuums negativ mit der Dendritendichte und -verastelung im Kortex korreliert ist. Fur die dritte Studie wurde die Assoziation zwischen fluider Intelligenz und funktioneller Hirnkonnektivitat im Ruhezustand untersucht. Hierbei zeigte sich, dass relevante funktionelle Verbindungen in erster Linie durch Hirnregionen konstituiert werden, die Teil der "Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory" sind.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE EMPLOYEES IN RIYADH REGION, SAUDI ARABIA

Background: Mental health and socioeconomic status are important determinants of an individual’s wellbeing. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of socioeconomic status on mental health among Riyadh region population, Saudi Arabia. Methods and materials: It was an institutional-based descriptive study. Data were gathered from 208 participants aged 25 years and above, from both Majmaah and Riyadh cities. Data was collected by a pre-coded and pre-tested questionnaire which was consisting of two main domains that subdivided into three different questionnaires (Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale, PHQ-9 Questionnaire for Depression and GAD-7 Questionnaire for Anxiety) to assess the degree of interaction between socioeconomic status and mental health. Ethical approval and consent were obtained. Data was analyzed by SPSS. Results: Most of the participants were of upper middle class (57.7%), euthymic or non-depressed (72.6%) and non-anxious (83.7%). On the other hand (27.4%) and (16.3%) of the participants had depression and anxiety respectively. Females were more anxious than males (p>0.003, 9.1%) while males suffered from depression more than females (p>0.046, 15.4%). In our study, social class, age, educational level, employment status and monthly income were statically non-significant with depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of anxiety and depression is high among the population of Riyadh and Majmaah of Saudi Arabia. Depression and anxiety are associated with gender; males are mostly affected than females by depression while females compared to males are mostly affected by anxiety.
Choosy grazers: Influence of plant traits on forage selection by three cattle breeds

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. © 2020 The Authors. Functional Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society 1Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland 2Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany 3AgroVet-Strickhof, Lindau, Switzerland 4Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
The Cost Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Treating Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

The Cost Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Treating Adults with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Micah LaVar Ingalls School of Family Life, BYU Master of Science This paper presents results from cost-analysis research for treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in adults. Data for this research was provided by Cigna, a nation-wide healthcare manager in the United States of America. The sample size was 12,845 adults who were diagnosed with PTSD and received outpatient individual and family psychotherapy from one of the following mental health care providers: Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs), Master’s Nurses (RNs), Medical Doctors (MDs), Professional Counselors (LPCs), Psychologists (PSYs), and Social Workers (MSWs). Results were compared across treatment modality, across practitioner license type and between practitioner educational levels. The results demonstrated that family therapy was most cost effective and used the fewest sessions, while mixed therapy was least cost effective. Among practitioner licensure types MDs were found to be the most cost effective, while the group of RNs, MSWs and MFTs were least cost effective compared to one another. Also, no significant differences in cost effective treatment outcomes were found between Masters Level and Doctoral Level practitioners.
Multimodal Cocktail Injection relieves Postoperative Pain and improves Early Rehabilitation following Total Knee Replacement: A Prospective, Blinded and Randomized Study

Objectives: An effective postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would shorten the rehabilitation period and improve patient satisfaction. The primary objective of the present study is to test the hypothesis that intraoperative multimodal cocktail injection can significantly reduce the consumption of analgesics and duration of time required to perform straight-leg raise, and improve range of motion (ROM) and patient satisfaction rate following TKA. Materials and methods: A total of 126 osteoarthritic knees in patients with a mean age of 68 years (58–80 years) scheduled for primary TKA were prospectively randomized into three groups. Patients in all three groups received the same anesthesia and postprocedure pain control and rehabilitation protocol. The assessor was blind with regard to multimodal cocktail injection for the duration of study. Assessment was done preoperatively at 1, 2, 3, and 4 postoperative days, and at 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was function measured with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Pain and patient satisfaction rate were established using visual analog scale and Likert scale respectively. Consumption of analgesic during the postoperative days (1–4 days), hospital stay, and ROM were recorded and evaluated. Outcome measures were critically analyzed. The level of significance was set at <0.05. Results: Pain, functional scores, and satisfaction rates were significantly better in cocktail group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was significantly lower in groups with multimodal cocktail injection than in the control group (p < 0.05). Mean follow-up time was 3 months with no patient lost to follow-up. No complications related to the infiltration of the local anesthetic and/or steroids were observed. Conclusion: Multimodal cocktail injection offered improved postoperative pain control, thus facilitating early rehabilitation.
What Motivates Scientists in Emerging Economies to Become Entrepreneurs? Evidence from Vietnam

Studies of scientist entrepreneurship have recognized a diverse range of proself motivations but have largely ignored the role of prosocial motivation. As technology inventions often bring in high positive externality, we argue that prosocial motivation is important for scientist entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Drawing from motivated information processing theory we develop a model linking proself and prosocial motivation with scientist entrepreneurship. The hypotheses were tested based on survey data from a sample of Vietnamese scientists. The results show that both proself and prosocial motivation are positively associated with scientist entrepreneurship. However, the positive association between prosocial motivation and scientist entrepreneurship is lessened by proself motivation. This study calls for more attention to prosocial motivation in theory and policy development on scientist entrepreneurship.
THE BALANCED, RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION OF CHROMOSOMAL SUBBANDS 12q15 AND 14q24 AND ALTERED GENE EXPRESSION IN UTERINE LEIOMYOMA

A balanced, reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 12 and 14 is frequently observed in uterine leiomyoma (UL), a common benign smooth muscle tumor. Cytogenetic evidence suggests that t(12;14)(q15;q24) is an early event and therefore may represent one of the important steps in UL pathogenesis. The breakpoints of t(12;14)(q15;q24) have been localized to unusually large genomic regions (approximately 0.5 Mb) on each of the involved chromosomes. In this study, we investigated the molecular events associated with this translocation, specifically the transcription of genes within the breakpoint regions on 14q24 and 12q15. t(12;14)(q15;q24) had previously been associated with activation of HMGA2 on chromosome 12, a gene implicated in promoting cell proliferation, particularly of lipoid tissues. We analyzed this gene and discovered several novel transcripts from 12q15 that are embedded within HMGA2. On chromosome 14, the breakpoint in one UL was found to lie within RAD51L1, a putative DNA repair and recombination gene. Subsequent analysis of two additional t(12;14) UL breakpoints refined the chromosome 14 breakpoint region to between 700 and 1200 kb. The large size of the breakpoint regions and the mapping of breakpoints well outside both HMGA2 and RAD51L1 suggested that the translocation may alter the structure and long-range regulatory controls of genes including but perhaps not limited to HMGA2 and RAD51L1. To test this hypothesis, an expression map was developed which consisted of ESTs and genes within and flanking both breakpoint regions. Expression of these markers was tested in matched normal and t(12;14) UL
Quality of Life Levels in Brazilian Elite Female College Volleyball Players

This article investigated quality of life levels and indicators in Brazilian elite female college volleyball players. Thirty-two athletes participated in this cross-sectional – survey type study, by answering two protocols: the WHOQOL-BREF and an academic-sports questionnaire developed by the authors. The athletes displayed high quality of life, showing results higher than the normative data presented for a random Brazilian female population in all its domains, except for the environment domain. The athletes showed discontent with the organization of university sports in Brazil, especially in relation to its schedule planning, which always conflicted academic and sportive activities, thus hindering both their training and academic formation. It is expected that this research will contribute to the continuing advancement of the investigations of the relationships between the practices of high-performance sports, be it collegiate or professional, and quality of life.
Effect of Social Support Systems on the Psychosocial Well-Being of the Elderly in Old People s Homes in Ibadan

Aging is not entirely a negative process, but old age is undoubtedly a difficult period, worsened by the inadequacy of social institutions to care for their aged. The elderly is faced with several health and social challenges which created a gap in traditional family system that caters for the well-being of aged. It is against this background the study examined the effect of social support on the psychological well-being of the elderly in old people’s homes in Ibadan. The study used descriptive survey research design. The sample comprised of 122 elderly within the ages of 65 years and above who were purposively drawn from three (3) old people’s homes in Ibadan that operate on residential and non-residential services. Three research instruments were used: Social Support was assessed by the adapted scale of “multidimensional scale of perceived social support” (r=32); psychological well-being was measure by adapted scale of ‘the general psychological well-being index’ (r=82); social well-being was measured by adapted scale of ‘Perceived Social Well-being Questionnaire’(r=68). The reliability of the instrument yielded r=0.84 Crobanch Alpha. Five null hypotheses were formulated and tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 level of significance and multiple regression was used to test the variables with magnitude effect on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly. The study established that there was a significant effect of emotional support on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (f-cal=128.058, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05). The study also showed that, there is a significant effect of financial support on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (f-cal=64.821, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05). Furthermore, the study established that, there is significant effect of companionship on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (fcal= 32.506, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05), also, the study showed that, there is a significant effect of information access on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (f-cal=120.655, f-crit=2.19, P<0.05). In terms of magnitude of effect, companionship contributed most to the psychosocial well-being of the elderly (s=0.798; t=8.685; P<0.05), followed by information access (s=0.609; t=6.788; P<0.05); followed by emotional support (s=0.137; t=5.150; P<0.05) and next is financial support (s=0.239; t=2.300; P<0.05). The findings showed that social support (emotional support, information access, companionship, financial support) has significant effect on the psychosocial well-being of the elderly in old people’s homes. It was recommended that, there is need for the structural framework to address the complex system of the elderly services in all old people’s homes. The areas of services should include economic services, attitudes of people towards aging, establishing support groups, aged responsive library services and health care services that are responsive to the needs of the elderly.
CT-based quantification of bone loss for refined classification of acetabular deficiencies: comparison of 30 Paprosky type IIIA-B cases

Introduction Different classification systems for acetabular deficiencies, including AAOS and Paprosky, are commonly used. Classification of these bone defects is often performed based on Xrays or CT images. Although the amount of bone loss is rarely measured quantitatively in these images, objective and quantitative data on the degree of bone loss could facilitate correct and consistent classification. Recently, a computerized CT-based tool was presented to quantitatively asses bone loss: TrABL (Total radial Acetabular Bone Loss). This study demonstrates on an extended patient population that TrABL combined with standard classification systems provides more detailed, quantitative information on bone defects. Methods CT scans of 30 severe acetabular defects, classified Paprosky IIIA and IIIB, were collected and analysed with TrABL. The tool automatically calculated the total amount of bone that was missing around the acetabulum, seen from the hip's original rotation centre. Six anatomical regions were defined for which the degree of bone loss was expressed: anterosuperior, anteroinferior, inferior, posteroinferior, posterosuperior and medial. Results Statistical analysis highlighted that total bone loss was highest in the posterosuperior region (63%±27%). Bone loss was lowest inferiorly. No statistical differences were found between the anterosuperior, anteroinferior, posteroinferior, and medial regions. The majority of the defects suffered at least 25% bone loss in more than half of the regions. All defects had at least one region with the same degree of bone loss. The quantitative 3D data of TrABL provided more information compared to general classification schemes. This information has shown to be crucial during implant selection and preoperative planning for multiple clinical cases. Conclusion Classification of acetabular bone deficiencies into existing systems can be refined by the quantitative data provided by TrABL. As a result, the ease and consistency regarding the treatment selection for particular categories of challenging defects will increase.
Digital subtraction angiography findings and population demographics of patients with subarachnoidal haemorrhage and subsequent causative aneurysms at Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein

Background: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) secondary to aneurysmal rupture may be associated with serious neurological sequelae or even mortality. According to international literature, only aneurysms >7 mm or aneurysms in the posterior circulation require treatment. Retrospective single-centre studies have, however, disputed this after demonstrating that the average size of ruptured aneurysms are <7 mm. More recent guidelines place less emphasis on size and more on associated risk factors. Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to assess the aneurysm characteristics and demographics of patients who presented to our institution with SAH secondary to an aneurysm detected at digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Method: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Patients who presented with SAH over a 6-year period, from 2008 to 2013, were included. The average size of the intracranial aneurysms at the time of rupture was analysed. Data about aneurysm characteristics and patient demographics were obtained from patient files. Data were analysed by the researchers with assistance from the Department of Biostatistics. Results: In total, 161 of 374 patients who underwent DSA had ruptured aneurysms. Most patients were women with ages ranging from 18 to 73 years (mean 45 years). The mean size of aneurysms were 5.8 mm (range 1.2 mm – 20 mm), with 74.5% of aneurysms <7 mm. Most aneurysms were noted involving the anterior circulation (72%), with the majority arising from the anterior communicating artery (36.7%). Conclusion: We found that aneurysms rupture at sizes <7 mm and are commonly located in the anterior circulation. Our findings emphasise the importance of conducting institutional reviews to consider adapting international treatment guidelines for the local South African situation.
Diabetic retinopathy in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its relation to serum insulin level

Background: Insulin has been shown to directly influence retinal blood flow, vascular tone, and angiogenesis, all of which are active aspects of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Intensive administration of insulin can increase vascular endothelial growth factor, potentially leading to transient worsening of retinopathy. Aims: The aim of the study is to access the role of serum insulin levels in various stages of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Settings and Design: This was a tertiary care center-based, cross-sectional, case-control, observational study conducted from April 2014 to March 2015. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients were divided into groups - controls (No DM), No DR, nonproliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Serum insulin level was compared with severity of DR. Statistical Analysis: Data were summarized and presented as mean ΁ standard error. The variables of the study groups were compared by analysis of variance. For pairwise comparison between the groups, Tukey′s test for multiple comparison was used. Results: No significant difference was found between insulin levels in No DM and No DR groups. On the other hand, the difference was statistically significant on comparison between No DM and NPDR (P < 0.001) and also between No DM and PDR (P < 0.05). However, no such difference in insulin level was observed on comparing NPDR and PDR groups. Conclusion: Serum insulin level has an association with the development of retinopathy patients of noninsulin-dependent DM. However, prospective interventional studies are required to establish such role of serum insulin in DR.
Link Between Autumnal Arctic Sea Ice and Northern Hemisphere Winter Forecast Skill

Dynamical forecast systems have low to moderate skill in continental winter predictions in the extratropics. Here we assess the multimodel predictive skill over Northern Hemisphere high latitudes and midlatitudes using four state‐of‐the‐art forecast systems. Our main goal was to quantify the impact of the Arctic sea ice state during November on the sea level pressure (SLP), surface temperature, and precipitation skill during the following winter. Interannual variability of the November Barents and Kara Sea ice is associated with an important fraction of December to February (DJF) prediction skill in regions of Eurasia. We further show that skill related to sea ice in these regions is accompanied with enhanced skill of DJF SLP in western Russia, established by a sea ice‐atmosphere teleconnection mechanism. The teleconnection is strongest when atmospheric blocking conditions in Scandinavia/western Russia in November reduce a systematic SLP bias that is present in all systems.