Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecological impacts of hydroelectric power production on the River Ticino. Part 2: Effects on the larval development of the dominant benthic macroinvertebrate ( Allogamus auricollis , Trichoptera)

In Switzerland most major rivers are utilised for hydroelectric power production. As a consequence their temperature regime is severely altered. Because temperature is an ecological key parameter, substantial ecological consequences may be expected. This study was carried out to analyse the effects of such temperature alterations on the growth and development of the dominant benthic insect. Growth and development of Allogamus auricollis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) populations from 13 locations along the River Ticino with very different temperature regimes were investigated between March 1999 and August 2001. To separate temperature effects from possible effects of food limitation, a rearing experiment was also conducted. In two laboratory flumes, where excess food was supplied, caddisfly larvae were reared between February and July 2001 under temperature conditions resembling the coldest and the warmest field site, respectively. Whereas larval growth of A. auricollis in the River Ticino appeared to be mostly independent of prevalent temperatures, it seemed to be temperature controlled in the laboratory, suggesting that larval growth and development of field populations may be food-limited. This assumption is supported by the finding that larval dry weight in the flumes was three times higher than in the corresponding field populations at the end of the rearing experiment. In summary, it seems that larval development of A. auricollis is hardly affected by the temperature alterations due to hydroelectric power production. However, it is suspected that the dominance of this caddisfly per se is probably a consequence of the human induced temperature alterations.
THE PRINCIPAL’S INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ABILITY IN STRENGTHENING THE CHARACTER OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH

Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the ability of the principal in carrying out Instructional Leadership to improve teachers' teaching performance so that it has an impact on improving the character of students. Methodology: The type of this research is evaluative descriptive. The subjects selected by purposive sampling and triadic included 15 principals, 150 teachers, and 450 students in Yogyakarta. The data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data analysis techniques using mixed methods. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. In contrast, the qualitative data were analyzed using Miler and Huberman's theory, which included four stages: reduction, display, triangulation, and conclusion. Main Findings: First, mild juvenile delinquency is still practiced by students. Secondly, character strengthening is done through an extracurricular program, orderly book socialization, cooperation with external parties. Third, the instructional leadership ability of principals is still low. Fourth, the magnitude of the influence of Instructional Leadership in changing students' characters obtained a percentage of 12%, while other factors influence 78 %; and the inhibiting factor for instructional leadership of school principals is the lack of collaboration between schools and parents. Applications of this study: The results of this study can provide significant benefits in the discipline of character education and educational psychology. The school leaders can use the findings in this study to tackle juvenile delinquency in junior high school. Novelty/Originality of this study: It turns out that to reduce and eliminate juvenile delinquency is not enough just with Instructional Leadership. The most significant factor that can help minimize adolescent familiarization is the existence of good cooperation between parents and teachers or the school.
Leadership and followers’ organizational citizenship behaviour from the Islamic perspective (OCBIP)

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between four leadership approaches (i.e. transactional leadership, transformational leadership, entrepreneurial leadership and authentic leadership) and organizational citizenship behaviour from the Islamic perspective (OCBIP) in the central offices of private banks in Tehran, Iran. Design/methodology/approach A correlative descriptive research method is used. Partial least squares modelling is applied to analyze the data from 384 employees and managers of the banks. Findings The results show that transactional leadership and transformational leadership positively and significantly affect OCBIP. However, entrepreneurial leadership and authentic leadership do not predict followers’ OCBIP. Also, transformational leadership has a greater power to influence on OCBIP than transactional leadership. The empirical findings also indicate that each of leadership behaviours influences certain types of OCBIPs so that transactional leadership predicts altruism, civic virtue and advocating high moral standards; transformational leadership predicts altruism, civic virtue and removal of harm; authentic leadership predicts advocating high moral standards, significantly; and entrepreneurial leadership predicts civic virtue, negatively. Originality/value OCBIP is a new construct that has been conceptualized, recently. In the past decades, many studies have examined the relationship between different leadership approaches and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) of followers. However, the relationship between leadership approaches and OCBIP has not yet been investigated. Furthermore, only a few studies have compared the influence of different leadership approaches on OCB and OCBIP. This paper contributes to the literature by identifying the distinct impact of the four leadership approaches on the different types of OCBIPs. Furthermore, examining the impact of some leadership approaches (e.g. entrepreneurial leadership) on OCBIP has remained unknown.
The relationship between soft and hard quality management practices, innovation and organizational performance in higher education

PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate the effects of both soft and hard quality management (QM) on innovation and organizational performance. It also examines the mediating role of hard QM, administrative innovation and technical innovation on the relationship between soft QM and organizational performance in higher education (HE). Design/methodology/approachThe approach of this study is quantitative. The data used to test the hypotheses were obtained through online questionnaire sent to the academic staff of public universities in Naples (Italy). The hypothesized relationships are tested with data collected from 356 respondents by using the partial least squares structural equation modeling technique (PLS-SEM). FindingsThe results show that quality practices improve innovation and organizational performance, while innovation positively impacts organizational performance. The findings also indicate that soft QM affects organizational performance directly and indirectly through hard QM. Hard QM and innovation show a partial sequential mediating effect on soft QM-performance relationshipPractical implicationsIn order to implement quality management properly in HE, directors need to recognize the different roles that soft and hard QM can have on innovation and organizational performance. It is important that higher education institutions (HEIs) allocate resources to establish both types of QM practices to achieve the effectiveness of the whole QM system.Originality/valueDespite the existence of numerous studies on the relationship between QM, innovation and organizational performance in manufacturing and services, studies conducted in higher education are still few. This is one of the earliest studies that adopt the multidimensional approach of QM in HE which could help directors understand the interdependencies and different roles of soft and hard quality practices.
Product Demand Sensitivity and the Corporate Diversification Discount

Abstract We consider consumer responsiveness to changes in the macroeconomic environment (i.e. product demand sensitivity) to be a systematic industry characteristic useful to studying how industrial diversification adds value. We argue that diversified firms, with the advantages of their internal capital market and the imperfectly correlated cash flows of their segments, will perform better than focused firms when the demand sensitivity of a product increases. Our empirical evidence reveals a significant diversification premium associated with an increase in sensitivity. Moreover, such premium predominantly exists during recessionary periods, disappearing in the presence of low coinsurance and inefficient use of the internal capital market. Our results are robust to alternative measures of sensitivity and performance metrics, different empirical model specifications, and to the concern of possibly biased estimations associated with the sample of diversified and focused firms.
An Improved Sparse-Measurement-Based Fault Location Technology for Distribution Networks

In this article, a sparse-measurement-based fault location method for all fault types in the distribution networks with/without the distributed generators access is proposed. The pre- and during-fault voltage samplings at a few buses are needful to estimate the fault position via a compressed sensing algorithm. Besides, the principles of the sparse meter allocation are theoretically deduced, which are of directive significance for the practical implementation of the proposed method. Furthermore, the method possesses feasibility for the fault resistance of smaller than 50 Ω and metering noise of lower than 1%. The performance of the method is tested on a 12.66 kV, 69-bus distribution network model established in the real-time digital simulator. Simulation results verified that the proposed method is of a good performance for various scenarios.
Amendment Optimization to Enhance Lead Extractability from Contaminated Soils for Phytoremediation

ABSTRACT Eight lead-contaminated soils and one background soil artificially contaminated with several lead compounds were examined to determine the factors that limit lead extractability and thus plant availability during phytoremediation, as lead must be in soluble form for plant uptake to occur. The effect of the chemical form of the lead as well as the association of the lead among the different soil chemical fractions on lead extractability was specifically addressed. Results indicate that all the added lead forms tested except PbCrO4 were readily extracted and believed to be available for plant uptake, operationally defined as EDTA-extractable lead, as EDTA is the primary soil amendment for phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soils. Sequential extraction of the eight lead-contaminated soils that previously had been extracted with EDTA shows that the EDTA-extractable or plant available lead corresponds to mainly the exchangeable and carbonate fractions of each soil. Lead associated with oxide, organic, and residual fractions were less effectively targeted and solubilized by EDTA and therefore are not as readily available for plant uptake. Attempts to increase the available pool of soluble lead included the combination of EDTA with organic acids, reducing agents, and surfactants. Results from these studies indicate that high concentrations or extremely low pH conditions are required to enhance the plant available pool of lead by the organic acids and reducing agents. Surfactants, particularly caprylic acid in combination with 0.25 mM EDTA, were shown to be as effective as 0.50 mM EDTA alone. An amendment formulation combining less EDTA with surfactants is attractive for phytoremediation because of the biodegradability and cost concerns commonly associated with using larger amounts of EDTA.
An Allee effect at the front of a plant invasion: Spartina in a Pacific estuary

1 Spartina alterniflora sets very little viable seed at the leading edges of an invasion in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA, where it was introduced c. 100 years ago. This largely outbreeding, rhizomatous grass recruits into previously unoccupied areas at low density, so young plants initially grow isolated from one another but eventually coalesce to form continuous meadows. 2 Isolated recruits set approximately one‐tenth the seed of meadow plants at five sites, spread over the 230 km2 of Willapa Bay mudflats, and this seed germinated at only one‐third the rate observed in meadow plants. 3 The consistent patterns suggested that the low seed set in the isolated plants was largely due to the demographic effects of density. Differences between sites in the incidence and amount of seed set and germination rate indicated, however, that there was some environmental influence. 4 These data imply that plants in newly invaded, low‐density areas produce little viable seed until rhizomatous growth brings them into close contact. This Allee effect could substantially reduce the rate of invasion.
Smooth Crabgrass Control with Indaziflam at Various Spring Timings

Abstract Indaziflam is an alkylazine herbicide that controls annual grasses by inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis. Compared with other PRE herbicides like prodiamine, indaziflam has a longer half-life in soil (> 150 d), which may allow for greater flexibility with application timing. Research was conducted in 2010 in Tennessee and Georgia evaluating smooth crabgrass control efficacy with indaziflam applied at early PRE, PRE, and early POST timings on the basis of soil temperature. Regardless of application timing, all rates of indaziflam (35, 52.5, and 70 g ai ha−1) controlled smooth crabgrass 89 to 100%. Prodiamine at 840 g ai ha−1 applied PRE provided ≥ 99% smooth crabgrass control on all rating dates. Smooth crabgrass plant counts were significantly correlated (r = −0.961; p < 0.0001) with visual ratings of smooth crabgrass control at the end of the study. Application flexibility with indaziflam may benefit turf managers in scheduling herbicide applications for smooth crabgrass control in Tennessee and Georgia. Nomenclature: Indaziflam; prodiamine; smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. ].
Circulating levels of selected adipokines in women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUNDS Adiponectin, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) are adipokines closely associated with insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to compare their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy controls and determine their relation to metabolic parameters. METHODS Women with GDM, T2DM and healthy women were included in this cross-sectional study. In addition to adipokines, anthropometric, lipid parameters, markers of insulin resistance and glucose control were assessed in all participants. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls (n = 35) significantly lower levels of adiponectin were detected in women with GDM (n = 50), whereas in women with T2DM (n = 50) higher levels of A-FABP and WISP-1 and lower levels of adiponectin were found. Women with T2DM had also lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of A-FABP compared to women with GDM. A-FABP and adiponectin were independently associated with levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and C-peptide insulin resistance index. WISP-1 correlated only with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Adverse adipokines production reflecting dysfunctional fat tissue is less presented in women with GDM than in women with T2DM, but more expressed compared to healthy women.
Generation Z and Organizational Listening on Social Media

Young people are avid users of social media and have appeared as a powerful force for social change, as shown by the ranks of those who have joined Greta Thunberg in the global climate movement. In addition to challenging political institutions and governments, young people today are also holding the corporate world accountable. To respond to young people’s expectations, brands, and organizations have turned to social media to interact and build relationships with them. However, critics have lamented that these attempts often fail and that young people’s trust in institutions, brands, and organizations continues to decline. This article asks how young people perceive organizational listening on social media and whether their perceptions are related to their trust in the information shared by brands and other organizations on social media. Data for the study were gathered through an online survey in Finland and the UK. The respondents (N = 1,534), aged 15–24, represent the age cohort known as Generation Z. The results show that organizational listening is connected to higher levels of perceived benefits from social media as well as higher levels of trust in the information that brands, public authorities, and non-governmental organizations share on social media. The results highlight the role of competent listening on social media, bolstering the previous literature connecting both organizational listening and trust with higher levels of participation and engagement online.
Assessment of leukocyte esterase dipstick test in diagnosis of childhood urinary tract infection.

This is a prospective study of urinary tract infection in 65 children (38 males and 27 females, M: F ratio 1: 0.7). Urine samples were evaluated by culture, microscopy and leukocyte esterase dipstick test. Positive urine culture, with significant bacteriuria was found in 19(29.2%). Urine microscopy for leukocyturia identified positive urine culture in 6 of the 19 samples, giving a sensitivity of 43.1%. leukocyte esterase distick test correctly identified 14 of 19 urine samples with culture proven UTI (74% sensitivity). The positive and negative predictive values were 37.1% and 87.2% respectively. The leukocyte esterase dipstick test was found to be better than leukocyturia in detecting UTI. in conclusion, leukocyte esterase is sensitive in detecting UTI, easy to perform, requires less time and does not need a highly trained personnel for the test. African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 10 (1) 2009: pp. 10-14
Optimizing students critical thinking skills related to heat topics through the model of content, context, connection, researching, reasoning, reflecting (3C3R)

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of learning by using the 3C3R model and improving students’ critical thinking skills on the topic of heat. The population of this study was all class X of SMAN 25 Bandung, amounting to six classes, the sample was class X MIA6. Sampling used a simple random sampling technique. The research method used a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. Data on the results of the implementation of learning with the 3C3R model were obtained from the observation sheet and critical thinking skills of the students’ using essay. The results showed that the average teacher activity was 98.23% with a good category, while the average activity of students was 88.93% in the good category. In addition, there was an increase in students’ critical thinking skills in the heated topic with an N-gain value of 0.65 in the medium category. The results of the hypothesis test show that t-count > t-table (17.25 > 2,045). Thus, there is an increase in students’ critical thinking skills after applying the 3C3R model to the topic of heat.
Characterization, Character Association, and Path Coefficient Analyses in Eggplant

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most widely grown vegetables in India, but local cultivars have low average yields due to biotic and abiotic stresses. There is a need to develop new genotypes to increase eggplant yield. Assessment of variability present in the crop can allow successful utilization of plant characters in developing suitable varieties for yield and stability. An experiment was conducted using 31 eggplant genotypes to study the extent of variability and the relationship between yield and yield component characters. The genotypes were characterized based on response for 7 qualitative and 14 quantitative characters. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were carried out for 14 characters of yield and its components. Differences were observed among genotypes. Character association indicated that fruit yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with number of leaves per plant, number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight, and total number of harvests at phenotypic and genotypic correlation levels. Path analysis indicated that number of fruit per plant and average fruit weight had direct effects on fruit yield per plant; the remaining characters had negligible to low indirect effects through other component characters. Number of fruit per plant and average fruit weight are reliable characters to use for improvement of eggplant.
Populations of Cane Toad, Bufo-Marinus, in Relation to Time Since Colonization

A repeatable index of population density for cane toads active around permanent water in the dry season showed that, in the lowlands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, local populations rapidly increased in size following colonization, and remained high (up to 2138 ha-1 on a single night) for at least 19 years. Long-established populations ( ~ 47 years) around Townsville have declined to an average density of 82 ha-1 on a single night. In this area toads are in poor body condition, are smaller, and have a lower proportion of reproductive males than do younger populations. The sizes of fat bodies, and the numbers of ova carried by females, do not appear to have declined in the Townsville populations. The index of population density was found to represent approximately 20% of a Jolly-Seber, capture-recapture estimate of population density for a 2.5-year-old cane toad population. The Jolly-Seber estimate for this young population is up to 45 times the densities of native cane toads in Panama. The numbers of toads captured, toad body sizes and proportions of sexually mature toads in the Townsville populations are very similar to those in Panama.
Scanning electron micrographs of leaves of British Carex species, 3. Subgenus Carex: sections Vesicariae, Carex, Pseudocyperae, Limosae and Phacocystis

Abstract This part of our series includes about a third of the large and varied subgenus Carex. The sections included are related both in terms of general anatomy and morphology (including leaf-surface characters), and in DNA sequence data. Most are plants of wet habitats. Generally, the sections appear natural on leaf characters except for Carex where C. hirta and C. lasiocarpa have very different leaves. However, all of the species are distinctive in leaf-surface or leaf-section characters. In section Vesicariae, C. vesicaria and C. saxatilis are hypostomous and have smooth surfaces but differ in leaf section, and C. rostrata differs from both in having the stomata predominantly on the upper, papillose surface. In section Limosae, C. limosa has prominent papillae on both surfaces; in C. magellanica, the upper surface is smoother and the lower surface has shorter papillae; C. rariflora differs from both in having amphistomous leaves. These three species all have distinctive stomata. Section Phacocystis is variable in stature, leaf-surface ornamentation, and stomatal distribution, and prone to hybridisation, but has rather uniform and characteristic stomata. Some species are well circumscribed, although variable, e.g. C. aquatilis, C. bigelowii, C. elata, C. acuta, C. cespitosa, and C. nigra. Carex salina appears to consist of a single amphistomous genotype; C. recta is variable in stomatal distribution and seemingly consists of a hybrid swarm which makes its circumscription hard to define.