Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism Development and Border Asymmetries: An Exploratory Analysis of Market-Driven Cross-Border Sh

This paper explores whether shopping tourism in the context of cross-border regions may trigger more viable, and long-term, tourism despite persistent border asymmetries (e.g. price and tax differences) which are typically key to luring tourists to short-term shopping visits. While tourism development is often an explicit goal of cross-border policy initiatives, this paper is devoted to the market-driven processes that might drive tourism beyond shortterm shopping in borderlands. Based upon a case study from the Norwegian-Swedish border region of Østfold-Fyrbodal, it finds that asymmetric cross-border shopping tourism supports the development of a diversified tourism sector with a variety of tourist attractions and services organised around shopping, longer overnight stays and second-home tourism. Despite persistent border asymmetries, market processes may balance off the shortterm shopping visits towards supporting long-term tourism, which provides economic value to the cross-border region.
Experimental investigation of smectite interaction with metal iron at 80 °C: Structural characterization of newly formed Fe-rich phyllosilicates

Abstract Interactions between metallic iron and clay minerals have been extensively studied under lowtemperature anoxic conditions owing to their potential impact on the long-term safety of high-level nuclear waste disposal in deep geological repositories. To complement the studies investigating the destabilization mechanisms and rates of various initial clay minerals, the prediction of the storage long-term performance requires a comprehensive characterization of the reaction products. The Ferich 1:1 phyllosilicates resulting from interactions at 80 °C and in the absence of O2 between metallic iron and smectites with contrasting compositions are thus characterized chemically and structurally using various experimental techniques (X-ray and electron diffractions, infrared, energy-dispersive, and electron energy loss spectroscopies, and high-resolution electron microscopy). Cronstedtite and odinite are the two Fe-rich 1:1 phyllosilicates formed under the experimental conditions investigated, both species differing from their relative contents and the average valence state of structural Fe. No parental link has been evidenced between the two minerals despite their contrasting crystal morphologies and thermodynamical predictions. The formation of the 1:1 phyllosilicates apparently results from the destabilization of the initial smectite through the formation of an intermediate gel.
RESPONSE OF BOREX ON TUBER YIELD OF POTATO AND ITS QUALITY IN RIVERINE TRACT OF UTTAR PRADESH

The field study was conducted during 2016-17 and 2017-18 on farmer’s field of Kannauj block in district Kannauj. The pilot area is situated in the catchments of river Ganga. The soil of pilot project was sandy loam, having pH 8.0, organic carbon 0.23%, total nitrogen 0.02%, available phosphorus 9.0 kg/ha and available potassium 273 kg/ha, therefore, the nutrients status of soil was low. The three treatments i.e., farmers practice, 180 kg N+100 kg P2O5+100 kg K20/ha (RDF) and 180 kg N+100 kg P2O5+100 kg K2O+18 kg Borex were tested under cvs. Kufri Bahar and Kufri Pukhraj. Kufri Bahar yielded tubers by 361.04 q/ha, while Kufri Pukhraj gave tubers yield by 366.00 q/ha at 180 kg N+100 kg P2O5+100 kg K2O+18 kg Borex/ha. Other two treatments of fertilizer application were failed to surpass the borex combination treatment. Kufri Pukhraj gave higher production over Kufri Bahar at each level of fertilizer application. The net return Rs. 115584/ha and BCR (1:1.17) and net return Rs. 118560/ha and BCR (1:2.14) were achieved from cultivars Kufri Bahar and Kufri Pukhraj, respectively at 180 kg N+100 kg P2O5+100 kg K2O+18 kg Borex/ha, which was higher over farmers practice and recommended dose application of fertilizer i.e. NPK/ha. As regard to quality characters both the tested cultivars proved superior over local checks.
Paraventricular thalamic nucleus plays a critical role in consolation and anxious behaviors of familiar observers exposed to surgery mice

Background: Consolation behaviors toward the sick are common in humans. Anxiety in the relatives of the sick is also common. Anxiety can cause detrimental effects on multiple systems. However, our understanding on the neural mechanisms of these behaviors is limited because of the lack of small animal models. Methods: Five of 6- to 8-week-old CD-1 male mice were housed in a cage. Among them, 2 mice had right common artery exposure (surgery) and the rest were without surgery. Allo-grooming and performance in light and dark box and elevated plus maze tests of the mice were determined. Results: Mice without surgery had increased allo-grooming toward mice with surgery but decreased allo-grooming toward non-surgery intruders. This increased allo-grooming toward surgery mice was higher in familiar observers of surgery mice than that of mice that were not cage-mates of surgery mice before the surgery. Familiar observers developed anxious behavior after being with surgery mice. Surgery mice with familiar observers had less anxious behavior than surgery mice without interacting with familiar observers. Multiple brain regions including paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) were activated in familiar observers. The activated cells in PVT contained orexin receptors. Injuring the neurons with ibotenic acid, antagonizing orexin signaling with an anti-orexin antibody or inhibiting neurons by chemogenetic approach in PVT abolished the consolation and anxious behaviors of familiar observers. Conclusions: Mice show consolation behavior toward the sick. This behavior attenuates the anxious behavior of surgery mice. The orexin signaling in the PVT neurons play a critical role in the consolation of familiar observers toward surgery mice and their anxious behavior. Considering that about 50 million patients have surgery annually in the United States, our study represents the initial attempt to understand neural mechanisms for consolation and anxiety of a large number of people.
Volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic: What are the potential benefits to people’s well-being?

Given the many challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, a show of solidarity exhibited through volunteering is heartening. Within 24 hours of a governmental call for citizens to join the NHS ‘​volunteer army​’, 500,000 people had signed up. By early April, over​ ​750,000 were enlisted and started undertaking​ ​tasks​ such as delivering medication from pharmacies, driving patients to appointments, or making regular phone calls to isolated individuals. Healthcare professionals, pharmacists, and local authority staff can upload requests for help from these volunteers on a​ ​dedicated app​. Outside the NHS, many​ ​other volunteering endeavours​ have been established​ ​in response​ to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this blog, we explore why people might be drawn to volunteer at this time, what they might gain from doing so, and what lessons the NHS can learn in harnessing public enthusiasm to offer assistance.
Intra-day variation of Qualitative Behaviour Assessment outcomes in dairy cattle

Qualitative Behaviour Assessment of cattle expression using a fixed rating scale of 20 descriptors is one of the measures of the Welfare Quality® (WQ) assessment protocol for dairy cattle. As for other on-farm measures of welfare, reliability is an important issue especially if farms are to be certified. This study investigated the repeatability of QBA results across three different observation times during the day (early morning, late morning, early afternoon). For this purpose, 13 observers assessed a total of 30 video clips from ten commercial dairy farms using visual analogue scales to score the 20 QBA terms. QBA scores for ‘emotional state’ were computed according to the Welfare Quality® protocol (WQ_QBA) and, additionally, a Principal Component Analysis was carried out. The latter revealed two main dimensions which may be described as ‘mood’ and ‘activity’, the former thus corresponding to the ‘emotional state’ score of the WQ protocol. Both for scores derived from the WQ protocol and from PCA, mixed model analysis for repeated measures revealed a significant effect of observation time depending on the farm. Mixed model analysis for repeated measures revealed a significant effect of observation time for three farms out of ten on both the WQ_QBA score and the PCA ‘mood’ dimension; a similar effect was found for eight out of ten farms for the PCA ‘activity’ dimension. These results indicate that observation time potentially affects WQ (and other QBA) outcomes on a proportion of farms. However, given that outcomes for WQ_QBA and PCA ‘mood’ were consistent for the majority of farms, procedures suggested in the Welfare Quality® protocol may constitute a reasonable compromise between reliability and feasibility. If the QBA assessment should reflect the ‘mean mood’, multiple assessments throughout the day may be carried out.
Quality and reliability assessment of the space maintainer videos as a source of information

8 through social media, the rate of people using the Internet for health-related issues is increasing day by day. It was stated that more than 80% of Internet searches were conducted for medical support and information (1). In this respect, using the Internet for health-care issues was found to be beneficial in improving patient empowerment (2). Similarly, the Internet has the potential to educate and empower the dental consumer by providing information about oral health services. Additionally, improving the quality of dental care, encouraging the adoption of healthy behaviours by patients, better adherence to recommendations and supporting the proper use of preventive agents can be listed as other potential advantages of informing patients via the Internet (3). YouTubeTM (www.youtube.com) is an open-access platform that has been very popular since 2005, Introduction Space management is essential in situations of premature loss of deciduous teeth to prevent malposition, impaction, supra-eruption or crowding of the developing permanent dentition. The use of space maintainers is a significant responsibility of dentists who are involved in observing the development of dentition and may potentially avoid future needs such as extractions and complicated orthodontic treatment. There are many types of space maintainers which are designed specifically for different cases with particular indications. The process of applying space maintainers to children in the clinic may be a cause of concern for parents. At this point, the Internet offers a convenient and attractive source for patients searching healthcare-related information. As a result of accelerating the flow of information Quality and reliability assessment of the space maintainer videos as a source of information
Effects of heat, processing time and pH on the microflora, aflatoxin content and storability of “wara”, a soft, white cheese

Employing crude coagulants from sodom apple Calotropis procera, processing conditions of 65–85°C for 40–65 min and reduced pH, reductions in microbial population were found in a locally-produced soft, white cheese “wara”. The finished product “wara” did not keep well under ambient conditions (RH 75 ± 5%, temp. 26 ± 2°C). From some selected critical control points along the line of processing, Bacillus spp. , coliforms, staphylococci and moulds Aspergillus and Mucor spp. were isolated. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels of samples examined ranged from 4.8–5.3 μg/kg and 6.4–7.5 μg/kg, respectively. During production, protein and fat contents of the soft, white cheese showed three- to six-fold and three- to four-fold increases, respectively. Einflus von Temperatur, Bearbeitungszeit und pH-Wert auf Mikroflora, Aflatoxingehalt und Lagerfahigkeit von „Wara”, einem weichen Weiskase Bei Anwendung von rohen Koagulantien aus dem „sodom apple” Calotropis procera, Prozesbedingungen von 65–85°C fur 40–65 min und reduziertem pH-Wert wird in dem lokal produzierten weichen Weiskase „Wara” eine verminderte mikrobielle Population festgestellt. Das Endprodukt „Wara” ist unter normalen Umgebungsbedingungen (rel. Luftfeuchte 75 ± 5%, Temperatur 26 ± 2°C) nicht gut lagerfahig. An einigen ausgewahlten, kritischen Kontrollpunkten wahrend der Prozeszeit werden Bacillus ssp. , Coliforme, Staphylokokken und die Schimmelpilze Aspergillus und Mucor ssp. isoliert. Die Gehalte an Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) und Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) der gepruften Proben liegen im Bereich von 4,8–5,3 μg/kg bzw. 6,4–7,5 μg/kg. Wahrend der Herstellung des weichen Weiskases erhohen sich die Protein- und Fettgehalte auf 3- bis 6fache bzw. auf 3- bis 4fache Werte.
Automated detection of COVID-19 infected lesion on computed tomography images using faster-RCNNs

The gold standard of a definitive test for the 2019 novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) is reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) However, its sensitivity ranged between 50%-90% with high false negatives Currently, false negatives are real clinical problems, caused by the absence of antibodies formation during sampling (incubation period), impaired antibody formation in immunocompromised patients, apart from sample acquirement technique and transportation issue Thus, repeated RT-PCR testing is often needed at the early stage of the disease, which may prove to be difficult in a pandemic situation In some research, the chest computed tomography (CT) image was a rapid and reliable method to diagnose patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 with higher sensitivity compared to RT-PCR test, particularly the lab test is negative In this study, 420 CT images with 2,697 features from seven patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and 200 CT images from healthy individuals are used for analyzing The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with Faster-RCNNs architecture is proposed to process the infected lesion detection As a result, the proposed model shows 90 41% mAP, 99% accuracy, 98% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% precision of classifier performances All performance produces a 100% score when it tests on external data CT image It can be seen from the detection result that Ground-glass opacities (GGO)-principal lesions on CT images in the peripheral and posterior sections of the lungs should be strongly suspected of developing SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia On average, it took less than 0 3 seconds per image to detect the abnormalities from a CT image from data pre-processing to the output of the report For a frontline clinical doctor, the proposed model may be a promising, supplementary diagnostic process © 2020, International Association of Engineers All rights reserved
Magnetic refrigeration for nanoelectronics on a cryogen-free platform

Nanostructured samples serve as a playground of solid state physics due to their vast diversity of applications. In addition to various fabrication recipes and measurement methods, the temperature at which these experiments are performed plays a crucial role because thermal excitations can conceal the underlying physics. Thus advancing to lower temperatures in solid state systems might shed light on presently unknown physical phenomena, as e.g. new topological states of matter. We present a novel type of refrigerator using adiabatic nuclear demagnetization with the goal of reaching sub-millikelvin electron temperatures in nanostructured samples. The nuclear stage consists of electronically separated Cu plates, each of which is part of a measurement lead. Before connecting to the nuclear stage, each lead is strongly filtered and then thermalized to the mixing chamber of the dilution refrigerator. This thesis presents measurements on two of these systems: the first operated in a standard, "wet" cryostat and the second on a "dry" pulse tube refrigerator. Both nuclear stages cool below 300 microkelvin with heat leaks in the order of a few nanowatts per mol of copper. We perform electronic transport measurements on various nanostructured samples. For the wet system, we extract electron temperatures around 5-7 mK after replacing the sample holder material and including an additional filtering stage. These measurements are highly sensitive to noise of the experimental setup and to the electrostatic environment of the devices, e.g. wafer-intrinsic charge noise. In yet another experiment on a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas, we observe a quantization of the longitudinal resistance Rxx which arises from a density gradient across the wafer. As for the dry system, we attach a home-built magnetic field fluctuation thermometer to the nuclear stage. While calibrated at 4 K, it shows good agreement with various other thermometers down to 5 mK, with the lowest temperature being 700 microkelvin. However, electron temperatures in the samples are around 15 mK, possibly caused by the increased heat leak combined with the weakened thermalization.
Antibody Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7

The COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the globe, and its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, continues to rage. Prospects of ending this pandemic rest on the development of effective interventions. Single and combination monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have received emergency use authorization1–3, with more in the pipeline4–7. Furthermore, multiple vaccine constructs have shown promise8, including two with ~95% protective efficacy against COVID-199,10. However, these interventions were directed toward the initial SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in 2019. The recent emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1. 1.7 in the UK11 and B.1. 351 in South Africa12 is of concern because of their purported ease of transmission and extensive mutations in the spike protein. We now report that B.1. 1.7 is refractory to neutralization by most mAbs to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of spike and relatively resistant to a few mAbs to the receptor-binding domain (RBD). It is not more resistant to convalescent plasma or vaccinee sera. Findings on B.1. 351 are more worrisome in that this variant is not only refractory to neutralization by most NTD mAbs but also by multiple individual mAbs to the receptor-binding motif on RBD, largely due to an E484K mutation. Moreover, B.1. 351 is markedly more resistant to neutralization by convalescent plasma (9.4 fold) and vaccinee sera (10.3–12.4 fold). B.1. 351 and emergent variants13,14 with similar spike mutations present new challenges for mAb therapy and threaten the protective efficacy of current vaccines.
Hafnium Oxide Based CMOS Compatible Ferroelectric Materials

Ferroelectric (FE) materials have a high potential for non-volatile data storage. The range of applications is determined by the properties of the used materials. Conventionally, materials like lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which possess only limited compatibility with standard semiconductor processing, are implemented. Integration into transistor devices is only possible with interfacial barriers and FE layers thickerthan100nmneedtobeusedinordertoachievenonvolatility. 1,2 Hence, no easy scaling of the devices according to current technology node requirements can be realized. Recently, doped hafnium oxide was shown to be FE. 3 The FE phase is formed when a composition at the boundary between the monoclinic and the tetragonal/cubic phase is crystallized and is enhanced when using mechanical confinement. In this paper, we present an overview of HfO2 based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors exhibiting FE polarization hysteresis for various dopants and their impact on the FE properties. The properties can also be controlled in HfxZr1−xO2 4,5 which will not be discussed at this point due to the different composition range of this system. For several reasons the attribution of a ferroelectric-like behavior toasimplyleakydielectricorelectrontrappingwasexcluded:Allhysteresis curves posses concave regions corresponding to a current maximum before the voltage maximum and show signs of saturation, 3‐9 in the capacitance-voltage measurements peaks correlated to the maximum slope in the hysteresis measurements, 3‐9 sub-loop, 8 fatigue behavior, 13 and a piezoelectric response 3 was confirmed, and structural measurements support the existence of an orthorhombic phase at the transition from the monoclinic to the tetragonal/cubic phase. 3‐9 In addition, ferroelectric field effect transistors successfully realized with Si:HfO2 show a threshold voltage shift in opposite direction to shifts attributed to charge trapping with a retention of the shift extrapolated up to ten years. 14‐16 The discovery of FE HfO2 opens up an interesting pathway to build highly scalable FE devices and the FE transistor as one potential application will be discussed.
Norepinephrine as a Spatial Memory Reset Signal

Contextual information is represented in the hippocampus (HPC) partially through the recruitment of distinct neuronal ensembles. It is believed that reactivation of these ensembles underlies memory retrieval processes. Recently, we showed that norepinephrine (NE) input from phasic locus coeruleus (LC) activation induces hippocampal plasticity resulting in the recruitment of new neurons and a disengagement from previously established representations. We hypothesize that NE may provide a neuromodulatory, mnemonic switch signaling the HPC to move from a state of retrieval to encoding in the presence of novelty, and therefore, plays a role in memory updating. Here, we tested whether bilateral dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) infusions of the β-adrenergic receptor (BAR) agonist isoproterenol (ISO), administered prior to encoding or retrieval, would impair spatial working and reference memory by reverting the system to encoding (thereby recruiting new neurons) potentially interfering with retrieval of the previously established spatial ensemble. We also investigated whether dDG infusions of ISO could promote cognitive flexibility by switching the system to encoding when it is adaptive (i.e. when new information is presented e.g. reversal learning). We found that intra-dDG infusions of ISO given prior to retrieval caused deficits in working and reference memory which was blocked by pre-treatment with the BAR-antagonist, propranolol (PRO). In contrast, ISO administered prior to reversal learning led to improved performance. These data support our hypothesis that NE serves as a novelty signal to update HPC contextual representations via BAR activation-facilitated recruitment of new neurons. This can be both maladaptive and adaptive depending on the situation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current work highlights the involvement of hippocampal BARs in determining the flexibility of contextual representations to promote new learning in a way that supports adaptive behavior. This work builds upon previous work showing that noradrenergic input to the hippocampus is involved in recruiting new neurons resulting in new contextual representations and may be involved in the underlying neural mechanisms that support memory updating. These data suggest targets for anxiety disorders such as PTSD, which are characterized by noradrenergic dysregulation, and may also involve impairments in memory updating mechanisms where the incorporation of new information is not effectively encoded. The further understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in updating memories may provide insight into novel treatment strategies.