Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review of Methods and Instruments for Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid System Characterization

Finding new sustainable energy sources or improving the efficiencies of the existing ones represents a very important research and development direction. The hybridization approach is one solution for increasing the efficiency of the existing energy sources. In the case of photovoltaic technology, the hybridization of the photovoltaic panels (PV) with thermoelectric generators (TEGs) has become a more interesting solution for the research community in the last decade. Thus, a comprehensive review of the characterization methods and instruments used in PV-TEG hybrid system study represents the objective of this work. PV and TEG equivalent circuits are presented. The instruments and software applications used for the measurements and simulations are presented and analyzed. The analysis of the literature reveals that there are many papers that offer partial or no information about the instruments used or about the measurement quality (accuracies, uncertainties, etc.). In hybrid system modeling, the preferred software applications are MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) and COMSOL Multiphysics (Comsol, Burlington, MA, USA), while for experimental studies based on computers, LabVIEW (NI, Austin, TX, USA) is preferred. This review work could be interesting for researchers and engineers who are interested in finding solutions for characterizing or monitoring hybrid system components, but it is not limited to these.
Sustainability of Youth Empowerment Projects: The Role of Project Governance in Makueni County, Kenya

The sustainability of projects, as indicated in literature, hinges on the effective governance of projects and their diverse stakeholders. Studies have documented evidence of both significant and insignificant effects of project governance-sustainability outcomes but such studies lack empirical justification in Kenyan context. It is against this backdrop that this study investigated the relationship between project governance and sustainability of youth empowerment project in Kenyan context. From a survey of 196 respondents who were project managers and youth leaders involved in Youth Empowerment Projects, data were collected and thereafter analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings from the analysis revealed that the composite construct of project governance significantly predicted sustainability of Youth Empowerment Projects in Kenyan context (R = .863, R 2 =.745, p = 0.000). In addition, each of the variables that made up the composite construct of project governance had significant effect on sustainability of Youth Empowerment Projects (stakeholder management: β = .173, t = 2.313, p = 0.022; governance structure: β = .659, t = 8.159, p = 0.000; project team diversity: β = .298, t = 3.728, p = 0.000). The study concludes and recommends that stakeholders in Youth Empowerment Projects such as county governments in Kenya and Non-Governmental Organisations to put in place effective project governance structures in terms of stakeholder management mechanisms, properly established governance structures and strategies to improve project quality as these aspects significantly improve sustainability of the established projects. Keywords: Project Governance, Sustainability, Youth Empowerment Projects, Non-governmental Organisation, Kenya. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-20-14 Publication date: October 31 st 2020
Respostas de crescimento e fisiologia do milho submetido a estresse salino com diferentes espaçamentos de cultivo

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da interacao entre salinidade e espacamento de plantio em plantas de milho (Zea mays L.) Hibrido AG 1051. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, sendo tres espacamentos entre fileiras (0,5, 0,7 e 0,9 m) e dois niveis de salinidade da agua de irrigacao (0,8 e 5,0 dS m-1), com 5 repeticoes. As variaveis analisadas foram: fotossintese (A), radiacao fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA), altura da planta, massa seca da parte aerea (MSPA), indice de area foliar (IAF), area foliar (AF), e teores foliares de carboidratos, N-aminossoluveis, Na+ e K+. As taxas de fotossintese liquida nao diferiram significativamente em decorrencia dos espacamentos nem da salinidade da agua de irrigacao. A RFA interceptada pelas folhas basais do milho foi maior no espacamento com 0,9 m, porem nao houve diferenca entre as plantas estressadas e nao estressadas, com relacao a radiacao interceptada pelas folhas e as taxas fotossinteticas. Embora a salinidade tenha afetado os niveis de carboidrato e de sodio nas folhas, as maiores diferencas foram relacionadas ao espacamento de plantio e a idade da folha avaliada. De modo geral, o adensamento do cultivo de milho nao minimizou os efeitos deleterios da salinidade no crescimento das plantas.
Online learning a panacea in the time of covid 19 crisis

Educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities) in India are currently based only on traditional methods of learning, that is, they follow the traditional set up of face-to-face lectures in a classroom. Although many academic units have also started blended learning, still a lot of them are stuck with old procedures. The sudden outbreak of a deadly disease called Covid-19 caused by a Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) shook the entire world. The World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. This situation challenged the education system across the world and forced educators to shift to an online mode of teaching overnight. Many academic institutions that were earlier reluctant to change their traditional pedagogical approach had no option but to shift entirely to online teaching learning. The article includes the importance of online learning and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Challenges (SWOC) analysis of e-learning modes in the time of crisis. This article also put some light on the growth of EdTech Start-ups during the time of pandemic and natural disasters and includes suggestions for academic institutions of how to deal with challenges associated with online learning
Extracting smart contracts tested and verified in Coq

We implement extraction of Coq programs to functional languages based on MetaCoq's certified erasure. As part of this, we implement an optimisation pass removing unused arguments. We prove the pass correct wrt. a conventional call-by-value operational semantics of functional languages. We apply this to two functional smart contract languages, Liquidity and Midlang, and to the functional language Elm. Our development is done in the context of the ConCert framework that enables smart contract verification. We contribute a verified boardroom voting smart contract featuring maximum voter privacy such that each vote is kept private except under collusion of all other parties. We also integrate property-based testing into ConCert using QuickChick and our development is the first to support testing properties of interacting smart contracts. We test several complex contracts such as a DAO-like contract, an escrow contract, an implementation of a Decentralized Finance (DeFi) contract which includes a custom token standard (Tezos FA2), and more. In total, this gives us a way to write dependent programs in Coq, test them semi-automatically, verify, and then extract to functional smart contract languages, while retaining a small trusted computing base of only MetaCoq and the pretty-printers into these languages.
Upper Bounds for the Largest Component in Critical Inhomogeneous Random Graphs

We consider the Norros-Reittu random graph $NR_n(\textbf{w})$, where edges are present independently but edge probabilities are moderated by vertex weights, and use probabilistic arguments based on martingales to analyse the component sizes in this model when considered at criticality. In particular, we obtain stronger upper bounds (with respect to those available in the literature) for the probability of observing unusually large maximal clusters, and simplify the arguments needed to derive polynomial upper bounds for the probability of observing unusually small largest components.
Atmospheric Brightness Temperature Fluctuations in the Resonance Absorption Band of Water Vapor 18–27.2 GHz

The results of processing new experimental data on descending radiation of atmosphere in the resonant band of water vapor absorption from 18 to 27.2 GHz are presented. The experiment was carried out using special multichannel microwave radiometer–spectrometer. Both summer and winter measurement periods for 2018–2019 are considered. When assessing the dynamics of brightness temperature fluctuations, the mathematical apparatus of structural functions is used. The frequency spectra of square root of structural function for various values of temporal interval are shown. Some experimental dependences of square root of structural function on air temperature and absolute humidity observed near the surface of the Earth under clear sky conditions are presented.
INFLUENCE OF ROASTING CONDITIONS ON VOLATILE FLAVOR OF ROASTED MALAYSIAN COCOA BEANS

In this study, commercial Malaysian cocoa beans (SMC1A) were roasted in a forced airflow-drying oven for 20, 30, 40 and 50 min at 120, 130, 140, 150, 160 and 170C. The products were evaluated for flavor compounds and sensory evaluation (as dark chocolate). The volatile fraction was isolated using the combined steam distillation–extraction procedure and was identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A quantitative descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the flavor intensity of the chocolates using a 9-point rating scale for selected flavor attributes, namely astringency, bitter taste, sour taste, cocoa and burnt. Panelists were asked to smell and taste the sample against a standard chocolate. It was found that there were significant differences in flavor compounds between the different conditions of roasting. The main flavoring compounds identified composed of aliphatic and alicyclic groups such as alcohol and ester, and heterocyclic groups such as pyrazine and aldehyde. A total of 19 volatile major components were identified: nine pyrazines (2,5-dimethyl-, 2,3-dimethyl-, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-, trimethyl-, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-, tetramethyl-, 2-ethenyl-6-methyl- and 3,5-dimethyl-2-methylpyrazine); five aldehydes (5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzalacetaldehyde and α-ethyliden-benzenacetaldehyde); one methyl ketone (2-nonanone); two alcohols (linalool and 2-heptanol); and two esters (4-ethylphenyl acetate and 2-phenylethyl acetate). Based on the flavor profile of the compounds identified, an optimum production of the major flavoring compounds such as pyrazine, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and ester occurred at 160C for 30 min of roasting. Trimethylpyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine compounds together with 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexanal were found to be good indicators for the evaluation of the roasting process. However, based on chocolate evaluation, the best roasting temperature was 150C for 30 min, which gave the lowest astringency and at the same time gave the lowest bitter taste and low level of sour and burnt tastes. At 150C roasting temperature, the desirable cocoa flavor was at its optimum. Correlation coefficients among certain volatile flavor and sensory characteristics of cocoa beans and dark chocolate were significant (P < 0.05).
Emotion visualization in Virtual Reality: An integrative review

A cluster of research in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) suggests that it is possible to infer some characteristics of users' mental states by analyzing electrophysiological responses in real-time. However, it is not clear how to use the information extracted from electrophysiological signals to create visual representations of the emotional states of Virtual Reality (VR) users. Visualization of users' emotions in VR can lead to biofeedback therapies for training emotion self-regulation. Understanding how to visualize emotions in VR requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates disciplines such as psychology, electrophysiology, and audiovisual design. Therefore, this review aims to integrate previous studies from these fields to understand how to develop virtual environments that can automatically create visual representations of users' emotional states. This manuscript addresses this challenge in three sections: First, theories related to emotion and affect are compared. Second, evidence suggesting that specific visual and sound cues tend to be associated with particular emotions are discussed. And third, some of the available methods for assessing emotions are described.
Applications of Pore-Expanded Mesoporous Silicas. 3. Triamine Silane Grafting for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption

Conventional MCM-41 and pore-expanded MCM-41 (PE-MCM-41) silicas have been used as supports for grafting 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyl trimethoxysilane (TRI) and tested for CO2 adsorption. The effects of the quantity of triamine silane added to the grafting mixture on the CO2 adsorption capacity and apparent adsorption rate have been examined. The results showed that when both supports were grafted under the same conditions, PE-MCM-41 was grafted with slightly larger quantities of amine than MCM-41, for all controlled silane additions. Based on the adsorption performance of the materials using a dry 5% CO2/N2 feed mixture, the optimal quantity of triamine silane added to the grafting mixture was determined to be ca. 3.0 cm3/g(SiO2), for both MCM-41 and PE-MCM-41. The CO2 adsorption capacity of TRI−PE-MCM-41 was significantly higher than that of TRI−MCM-41. Furthermore, the dynamic adsorption performance of TRI−PE-MCM-41 was far superior to TRI−MCM-41. In comparison to 13X zeolite, TRI−PE-MCM-4.
Outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) represents a management option to control sepsis in patients with acute cholecystitis, who are unable to tolerate surgery. Aim This review aimed to evaluate the outcomes of elderly patients treated with PC and compare it with emergent cholecystectomy. Material and methods An electronic search of the Embase, Medline Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed. Percutaneous cholecystostomy was used as the reference group, and weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated for the effect of PC on continuous variables, and pooled odds ratios (POR) were calculated for discrete variables. Results There were 20 trials included in this review. Utilisation of PC was associated with significantly increased mortality (POR = 4.85; 95% CI: 1.02–7.30; p = 0.0001) and increased re-admission rates (POR = 2.95; 95% CI: 2.21–3.87; p < 0.0001). Conclusions This pooled analysis established that patients treated with PC appear to have increased mortality and readmission rates relative to those managed with cholecystectomy.
Doping Dependence of Hole Lifetime in n‐Type GaAs

The bulk hole lifetimes τ at 300 and 77°K are determined by a phase‐shift technique for several Te‐doped melt‐grown GaAs crystals with electron concentrations n ranging from 2×1016 to 6.5×1018 cm−3. The phase‐shift technique measures the phase lag φ of band‐to‐band photoluminescence relative to the excitation which is intensity modulated at some radio frequency ω. An expression relating τ and φ is derived taking into account hole diffusion and the reabsorption of emitted radiation. If the diffusion length is greater than the absorption length, the the usual simplified relation φ=tan−1 ωτ yields a poor approximation. It is also shown that the reabsorption can cause a wavelength‐dependent phase shift along the spectrum of the band‐to‐band recombination. Apparatus used to measure φ is described. Values of τ are obtained from the measured φ using the previously determined diffusion length. At 300°K, τ=1.9×10−8 sec and is constant for n 3×1018 cm−3. This shows that the band‐to‐band process is competitive with other processes beginning at n=1.5×1018 cm−3 and that additional hole‐capturing processes exist in crystals with n>3×1018 cm−3. At 77°K, the behavior is similar, but the decrease from a constant lifetime of 1×10−9 sec for lightly doped crystals now occurs at n=8×1017 cm−3.
Seed development and maturation in sword bean (Canavalia gladiata L.)

The experiment to trace the pattern of seed development and maturation in Sword bean conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore revealed that the pods and seeds attained physiological maturity on 80 days after anthesis as evidenced by the maximum dry weight of the pod (183.3g) and seed (2.92g) combined with minimum moisture content of the pod (18.63%) and seed (14.77%). The change in colour of pod from green to brown and seed from green to dark red could be considered as a visible index of maturity. The seed quality parameters viz., germination (93%), dry weight of seed (2.92g), root length (20.87cm), shoot length (22.43cm), vigour index (4038.67), drymatter accumulation (8.11g) and protein content (14.75%) were also maximum at 80 days after anthesis.
Source identification of N2O produced during simulated wastewater treatment under different oxygen conditions using stable isotopic analysis

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas which is important in climate change, is predicted to be the most dominant ozone depleting substance. It is mainly produced by oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH 2 OH) or reduction of nitrite (NO 2 - ) during microbiological processes such as nitrification and denitrification. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is one of the anthropogenic N 2 O sources because inorganic and organic nitrogen compounds are converted to nitrate (NO 3 - , in the case of standard system) or N 2 (in the case of advanced system) by bacterial nitrification and denitrification in WWTP. We investigated the N 2 O production mechanisms during batch experiments that simulate wastewater treatment with activated sludge under various dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations by stable isotope analysis. About 125mL of water was sampled from 30L incubation chamber for several times during the incubation, and concentration and isotopomer ratios of N 2 O and N-containing species were measured using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS). Ammonium (NH 4 + ) consumption was accompanied by increment of nitrite (NO 2 - ), and at the same time dissolved N 2 O concentration gradually increased to 4850 and 5650 nmol kg -1 , respectively, during the four-hour incubation when DO concentrations were 0.2 and 0.5 mg L -1 . Observed low SP values (0.2-8.9‰ at DO-0.2 mg L -1 , -5.3-6.3‰ at DO-0.5 mg L -1 , -1.0-8.3‰ at DO-0.8 mg L -1 ) in N 2 O and relationship of nitrogen isotope ratios between N 2 O and its potential substrates (NH 4 + , NO 3 - ) suggested that N 2 O produced under the aerobic condition derived mainly from NO 2 - reduction by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (nitrifier–denitrification). DOI: http://doi.dx. org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0. 313 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p4-10
Comparison of Pinus taeda L. wood property calibrations based on NIR spectra from the radial-longitudinal and radial-transverse faces of wooden strips

Abstract When a radial strip is cut from an increment core it can potentially be cut with two orientations: parallel to longitudinal tracheids, i.e., a radial-longitudinal (RL) strip (the orientation of SilviScan samples), or at an orientation of 90° to the tracheids, i.e., a radial-transverse (RT) strip. Both strips could be used for near-infrared (NIR) analysis, but it is unknown how calibrations based on RT-face NIR spectra compare with those based on RL-face NIR spectra. A total of 20 Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) RL strips were characterized in terms of air-dry density, microfibril angle (MFA), stiffness and several tracheid morphological characteristics. NIR spectra were collected in 10-mm increments from the RL and RT faces of matching strips and used to develop calibrations for each property. In general, RL-face NIR spectra gave calibrations that provided stronger relationships. Differences between the two sets of calibrations were small, indicating that either face could be used for NIR analysis.
Analysis Factors of Gender and Financial Accounting Learning Achievement as an Influential of Financial Literacy

This study aims to examine and analyze financial literacy under influential factors of gender and financial accounting learning achievements. Population in this study are students of accounting undergraduate at the Economic and Business Faculty of Tadulako University who had passed financial accounting course with A, A-, B+, B and Bgrades. The respondents obtained are 57 students. The data in this research was analyzed by SPSS 21 with multiple regression method. The results of the study showed that financial literacy no influential by gender, whereas financial literacy had an influential by financial accounting learning achievement.
A Phantom Study of Crosstalk Artefact Reduction using Interleaved Method in MR Lumbar

Crosstalk artefacts appear as dark signal lines on MR images that occur due to imperfect multi-slice settings. There is still a good deal of emergence of crosstalk artefacts on T1 of SE and FSE sequence with interleaved slice acquisition methods. This study aims to determine the differences and the optimal value of reduction of crosstalk artefacts against changes in TR on T1 between SE and FSE sequences in interleaved slice acquisition methods. The experiment was carried out by scanning the water phantom with a variation of TR 500ms, 600ms, and 700ms in SE and FSE sequences. An assessment of the reduction of crosstalk artefacts was carried out using SNR values. There is a significant difference in the reduction of crosstalk artefacts between SE sequences and FSE on T1 (p-value = < 0.001). The reduction of crosstalk artefacts in SE sequences with TR values of 600ms and 700ms respectively, were 22.2% and 37.7%. Whereas the FSE sequences were 28.3% and 56%. Optimal crosstalk artefact reduction occurs in FSE sequences of T1 (56%). It is intended to use FSE sequences with TR 700ms on T1 if there are overlapping slices so that the crosstalk artefacts that occur will be reduced optimally.
Measurement of anode falls and anode heat transfer in atmospheric pressure high intensity arcs

Electric probe measurements have been performed at and close to a plane, water‐cooled anode surface in atmospheric pressure, high intensity argon arcs for different arc configurations which in turn, result in two distinctly different anode arc roots (diffuse and constricted). An adjustable fine wire probe penetrating through a small hole in the center of a flat anode allows for potential and electron temperature measurements in the anode boundary layer. For the parameter range covered by this investigation (100 A≤I≤250 A) the results reveal negative anode falls ranging from approximately −2.1 to −1.4 V. Electron temperatures at the anode surface range from 8800 to 9800 K. Calorimetric energy balances from which the contributions of the various modes of heat transfer to the anode may be derived, indicate the importance of convective heat transfer to the anode. The results of the calorimetric studies as well as of the anode fall measurements are consistent with a revised anode heat transfer model which take.
Palladium-Catalyzed (Ullmann-Type) Homocoupling of Aryl Halides: A Convenient and General Synthesis of Symmetrical Biaryls via Inter- and Intramolecular Coupling Reactions

A convenient new procedure is described for both inter- and intramolecular homocoupling of aryl halides (Ullmann reaction) using catalytic palladium in the presence of hydroquinone, a homogeneous reductant. Optimal conditions for the reductive coupling include the use of a 1:1 molar ratio of Pd(OAc)2 and As(o-tolyl)3 in catalytic amounts under basic conditions.