Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of fentanyl on sevoflurane requirements for somatic and sympathetic responses to surgical incision.

BACKGROUND Fentanyl produces a reduction in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and desflurane needed to blockade adrenergic response (BAR) to surgical incision in 50% of patients (MAC-BAR). MAC-BAR of sevoflurane and the reduction in MAC-BAR of sevoflurane by fentanyl have not been described previously. The purpose of this study was to determine the MAC and MAC-BAR reduction of sevoflurane by fentanyl with and without nitrous oxide (N2O). METHODS Two hundred twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a sevoflurane group and a sevoflurane/N2O group. Patients in each group were randomly assigned to one of five different fentanyl concentration subgroups. Patients were anesthetized with sevoflurane and fentanyl in the sevoflurane group and with sevoflurane, fentanyl, and N2O (66 vol%) in the sevoflurane/N2O group. Somatic and sympathetic responses to surgical incision were observed for MAC and MAC-BAR assessment at predetermined concentrations of sevoflurane. RESULTS Fentanyl produced an initial steep reduction in the MAC and MAC-BAR of sevoflurane, with 3 ng/ml resulting in a 61% reduction in MAC and an 83% reduction in MAC-BAR. A ceiling effect was observed for MAC and MAC-BAR, with 6 ng/ml fentanyl providing only an additional 13% and 9% reduction in MAC and MAC-BAR, respectively. In the presence of 66 vol% N2O, MAC and MAC-BAR of sevoflurane were reduced with increasing concentrations of fentanyL A ceiling effect was not observed for reduction in MAC and MAC-BAR in the presence of N2O. CONCLUSIONS MAC and MAC-BAR decreased similarly with increasing concentrations of fentanyl in plasma, showing an initial steep reduction followed by a ceiling effect. In the presence of N2O, MAC and MAC-BAR decreased similarly but did not exhibit a ceiling effect.
Brain growth in extremely preterm infants before and after implementing NAVA ventilation

During neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) both the timing and degree of ventilatory assist are controlled by the patient's respiratory center (1) resulting in improved synchrony and lower peak inspiratory pressures and lower oxygen requirements compared with conventional ventilation in low birth weight infants (2,3). However, there are no randomized controlled trials yet available evaluating the effects of NAVA ventilation on the neurodevelopmental outcomes, nor are there studies reporting the use of NAVA ventilation as a standard neonatal intensive care unit practice in extremely preterm infants.
Coercion and Punishment in Long-Term Perspectives

List of contributors Acknowledgements 1. Introduction: coercion and punishment in the fabric of social relations Joan McCord Part I. Mental Health, Coercion and Punishment: 2. Relationships as context: supportive and coercive interactions in competent, aggressive and anxious mother-child dyads Jean E. Dumas and Peter J. LaFreniere 3. Parental hostility, childhood behaviour and adult social functioning Barbara Maughan, Andrew Pickles and David Quinton 4. Corporal punishment of children and adult depression and suicidal ideation Murray A. Straus Part II. Family Socialization Practices and Antisocial Behaviour: 5. Coercion as a basis for early age of onset for arrest Gerald R. Patterson 6. Disentangling mother-child effects in the development of antisocial behaviour Denise B. Kandel and Ping Wu 7. Family and child factors in stability and change in children's aggressiveness in elementary school John E. Bates, Gregory S. Pettit and Kenneth A. Dodge 8. Kindergarten behavioural patterns, parental practices and early adolescent antisocial behaviour Richard E. Tremblay 9. The reciprocal influence of punishment and child behaviour disorder Patricia Cohen and Judith S. Brook 10. The development of coercive family processes: the interaction between aversive toddler behaviour and parenting factors Kate Keenan and Daniel S. Shaw Part III. Aggression and Coercion in the Schools: 11. The impact of peer relationships on aggression in childhood: inhibition through coercion or promotion through peer support Michel Boivin and Frank Vitaro 12. Classroom seating and juvenile delinquency Pierre Charlebois, Frankie Berneche, Marc Le Blanc, Claude Gagnon and Serge Larivee 13. Social skills training and aggression in the peer group Debra J. Pepler, Wendy Craig and William L. Roberts 14. Early adolescent social influences on delinquent behavior John D. Coie, Robert Terry, Audrey Zakriski and John Lochman Part IV. Deviance, Crime and Discipline: 15. The long-term effect of punitive discipline John H. Laub and Robert J. Sampson 16. Parental monitoring and peer influences on adolescent substance use Anne C. Fletcher, Nancy Darling and Laurence Steinberg 17. The relative importance of internal and external direct constraints in the explanation of late adolescent delinquency and adult criminality Marc Le Blanc 18. Negative social sanctions and deviant behaviour: a conditional relationship Howard B. Kaplan and Kelly R. Damphousse Part V. Measuring and Predicting in Studies of Coercion and Punishment: 19. Corporal punishment in everyday life: an intergenerational perspective Hakan Stattin, Harald Janson, Ingrid Klackenberg-Larsson and David Magnusson 20. Coercive family process and delinquency: some methodological considerations Jacqueline Barnes-McGuire and Felton Earls 21. Sex roles as coercion Alex E. Schwartzman, Pierrette Verlaan, Patricia Peters, and Lisa A. Serbin Name index Subject index.
Supplementary Appendix to Volatility in Equilibrium: Asymmetries and Dynamic Dependencies

This web-based appendix contains additional empirical results, robustness checks, and calibrations that compliment the findings reported in the paper. ∗Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, and NBER and CREATES, Email: boller@duke.edu. †Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, Email: natalia.sizova@rice.edu. ‡Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, Email: george.tauchen@duke.edu. 1 Impulse Response Analysis A reviewer noted that “. a way to think of the left-side of the cross-correlation diagram between returns and volatility is as an impulse-response function (with time running from right to left). ” We agree. To further elaborate on this point, Figure A1 shows the observed orthogonalized VAR impulse response functions for the the variance risk premium and the VIX, respectively, to a one standard deviation shock in the return in a system comprised of the return, the variance premium, and the VIX, in that order. Figure A2 shows the equivalent impulse responses calculated for the same equilibrium model calibration underlying Figure 3 of the paper. The observed and model-implied responses are qualitatively similar and importantly of the same general orders of magnitude. Of course, the agreement across the two figures is not perfect, just as the calibrated correlation plots in Figure 3 of the paper do not provide a perfect fit to the actual cross-correlations in the data. 2 Measurement Error in the Variance Risk Premium The proxy for the variance risk premium variable used in the paper relies on an estimate for the conditional mean for the integrated variance in place of the population conditional mean, and as such is invariably measured with error. This error-in-variables problem could potentially bias downward the raw sample autocorrelations. Hansen and Lunde (2010) have recently studied this same issue in the context of estimating the autocorrelation functions of realized variation measures, which are similarly affected by estimation errors. Hansen and Lunde (2010) develop a general instrumental variables procedure that renders the estimated autocorrelations robust to this form of measurement error. We implemented their procedure with the results shown in Figure A3, based on short lag lengths for the instruments, and Figure A4, based on long lags for the instruments. In either case, there is little systematic difference between the raw and robustly estimated autocorrelation functions, suggesting that the actual form of the measurement errors in our proxy for the variance risk premium do not materially affect the estimated correlations. To allow for a direct comparison with Figure 1 of the paper, we also include in Figure A5 the raw and measurement-error robust sample autocorrelations for both the premium and the VIX, based on an intermediate choice of lagged instruments.
Performance of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) Meal on Body Weight Gain and Dressing Percentage of Vanraja Poultry Birds

Poultry farming is the raising of domesticated birds such as chickens, Duck, Turkey, and Gees for the purpose of meat or eggs as food. Poultry industry is fast growing segment of the agriculture sector in the world. Modern intensive poultry industry demands more rapid growth in a confined housing environment which leads to greater susceptibility to stress in broilers. Poultry industry has made a tremendous and remarkable progress evolving from a small scale backyard venture to the status of commercial, full fledge, self-sufficient and most progressive agro based industry and become an attractive enterprise particularly because of the small capital investment, more returns, quick turn over, comparatively less risk involved, low land requirement, easy to The present investigation entitled Performance of feeding Azolla (Azolla pinnata) meal on body weight gain and dressing percentage of Vanraja poultry birds was carried out to assess the effect of feeding Azolla meal on body weight and dressing percentage of Vanraja poultry bird’s production. One hundred and fifty chicks of day old straight run commercial Vanraja birds were procured Matoshri Distributors, Amravati Hatchery. They were randomly and equally distributed into five treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 with 30 numbers of chicks in each group. Azolla meal was added in experimental ration at different levels. The dietary treatments consisted of one basal control (T1) and supplemented with 3, 6, 9, and 12 per cent Azolla meal to the birds in T2, T3, T4, and T5 treatment, respectively. The corresponding average live body weights at the end of seven weeks of age were 991.30, 1036.04, 1128.59, 1079.22 and1042.40 g in T1 to T5 treatment groups, respectively. The average weekly cumulative body weight gain at seventh week of age were recorded as in gram 958.1, 1003.39, 1095.14, 1047.28 and 1009.45 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 treatments groups, respectively. The average dressing percentage among the different treatment group varied between 69.07 to 64.11 per cent. K e y w o r d s
A revision of the genus Zatypota Förster of Japan, with descriptions of nine new species and notes on their hosts (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae).

Japanese species of the genus Zatypota are revised and a total of twelve species are recognized. Nine of them, Z. baragi sp. nov., Z. brachycera sp. nov., Z. chryssophaga sp. nov., Z. dendrobia sp. nov., Z. elegans sp. nov., Z. maculata sp. nov., Z. sulcata sp. nov., Z. takayu sp. nov. and Z. yambar sp. nov., are new to science and one, Z. percontatoria, is newly recorded from Japan. Host records are given for ten species including seven new and one newly recorded species based on reared materials. Each species utilizes different spider species as hosts. All host spiders belong to Theridiidae (nine species) and Linyphiidae (Z. sulcata). A key to Japanese species is provided and notes on their biology are given.
Analysis of lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) protein structure and its influence on binding to plasma lipoproteins

Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) (LCAT) is synthesized by the liver in mammals and it is responsible for esterification of unesterified cholesterol (UC) in plasma. This plasma glycoprotein plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and High density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. In this thesis, functional mutants of LCAT were utilized to study the factors influencing interaction of this protein with the plasma lipoproteins. McArdle 7777 cells were used to produce LCAT from a hepatic derived expression system. The expressed enzyme was uniformly glycosylated with biantennary oligosaccharide residues, which was significantly different from the glycosylation pattern observed in the plasma LCAT and the baby hamster kidney (BHK) expressed LCAT. Despite the differences in the glycosylation architecture, the new recombinant LCAT (rLCAT) displays similar kinetic properties to those of the plasma and BHK LCATs, suggesting that the differences in glycosylation architecture may not influence activity of the enzyme. Subsequently, interaction of rLCAT with lipoprotein substrates was studied to determine the binding characteristics of wild type (WT) and fish-eye disease (FED) plasma LCAT in vivo, and rLCAT in vitro. Endogenous LCAT was shown to remain bound to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as HDL and that beta and alpha LCAT activity co-eluted with LDL and HDL particles, respectively. In vitro binding studies with whole plasma, total lipoproteins, and individual lipoproteins showed no differential association of rLCAT, either WT or FED (T123I), with HDL and LDL particles and that the majority of rLCAT did not bind to the plasma lipoproteins. BIAcore experiments using native plasma lipoproteins and proteoliposmes also showed little or no association of rLCAT with plasma lipoproteins, but a strong association with the synthetic HDL analogue particles.
Effect of Spent Engine Oil on the Germination Ability of Eleven Accessions of African Yam Bean Seeds (Sphenostylis sternocarpa Hochst ex A. Rich) Harms

Laboratory studies were carried out in 2011 at the Plant Science and Biotechnology Laboratory of the College of Natural and Applied Sciences of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike to investigate the germination ability of eleven accessions of African yam bean seeds in spent engine oil (SEO). The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Seeds of the eleven accession of African yam bean were presoaked in water for 24hours and thereafter soaked in spent engine oil for varying hours 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 hours. The seeds were placed in Petri dish lined with moist tissue paper. The result obtained showed that the germination percentage, days to germination and rate of germination of the AYB accessions were time and accession dependent. The germination ability of seeds decreased as number of hours soaked in spent engine oil increased. AYB-11, AYB-04, AYB-03 and AYB-07 were more tolerant to oil among the African yam bean accessions studied hence could be considered to be used to boost food security in oil producing areas of the Niger Delta.
Environmental drivers of demographic variation across the global geographical range of 26 plant species

Understanding how rates of reproduction and survival respond to environmental variation across species’ geographical ranges is a key task for both basic and applied ecology. So far, however, environmental drivers of range‐wide demographic variation have only been studied in a few plant species without considering the potentially confounding effects of population density on demographic rates. We present a large‐scale demographic study of 26 shrub species (Proteaceae) from the Cape Floristic Region. All study species have a fire‐dependent life cycle and are serotinous: they exclusively form a canopy seed bank which contains the seeds produced since the last fire. Fire triggers seed release from the canopy so that recruitment is largely limited to a short period after fire. Across the global geographical ranges of the study species, we collected 3454 population‐level records of total fecundity since the last fire (size of individual canopy seed banks), per‐capita recruitment (ratio between post‐fire recruits and pre‐fire adults) and adult fire survival. We used linear regressions to quantify how climate, population density, fire interval and soil nutrients affect demographic variation. A trade‐off between survival and reproduction is evident throughout the geographical ranges of our study species: resprouting species with fire‐protected buds had much higher fire survival than nonsprouters without fire‐protected buds (97% vs. 2%) but they also had substantially lower fecundity and recruitment rates. We found little intraspecific variation in fire survival rates but considerable intraspecific variation in fecundity and recruitment. Range‐wide variation in fecundity was dominated by fire interval whereas recruitment was mostly climate‐driven. Population density and soil nutrients generally had smaller effects but were important for the fecundity and recruitment of several species. Effects of fire interval on fecundity were consistent across species, but other demography–environment relationships showed substantial interspecific differentiation. Synthesis. This study extends demographic research beyond the population to cover the geographical ranges of multiple species. Such large‐scale studies are a necessary first step of a research agenda that aims to understand how range dynamics emerge from first principles of demography, how they are shaped by functional traits and macroevolution and how they will be impacted by global change.
Relationship between nursing home COVID-19 outbreaks and staff neighborhood characteristics

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on nursing homes in the US, with upwards of a third of deaths occurring in nursing homes, and more in long-term care facilities. By combining data on facility-level COVID-19 deaths with facility-level data on the neighborhoods where nursing home staff reside for a sample of eighteen states, this paper finds that staff neighborhood characteristics are a large and significant predictor of COVID-19 outbreaks. One standard deviation increases in average staff tract population density, public transportation use, and non-white share were associated with 1.3 (SE .33), 1.4 (SE .35), and 0.9 (SE .24) additional deaths per 100 beds, respectively. These effects are larger than all facility management or quality variables, and larger than the effect of the nursing home's own neighborhood characteristics. These results suggest that staff communities are likely to be an important source of infection, and that disparities in nursing home outbreaks may be related to differences in the types of neighborhoods nursing home staff live in.
Avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo em consórcio de forrageiras e milho em sucessão com soja em região de cerrados

O uso intensivo de areas do Cerrado para producao agropecuaria aliado ao manejo inadequado tem causado degradacao dos solos. Nesse sentido ha necessidade da incorporacao de sistemas sustentaveis como plantio direto e a integracao lavoura-pecuaria. Este trabalho objetivou identificar o efeito da sucessao de milho+forrageiras e soja nos atributos fisicos do solo. Para tanto foi realizado, em area experimental da Unesp, campus de Ilha Solteira, um ensaio composto do consorcio de milho com quatro forrageiras (Brachiaria brizantha,B. ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e P. maximum cv. Aries) semeadas em tres modalidades (na linha de semeadura do milho misturada ao adubo, a lanco simultânea a semeadura do milho e a lanco no estadio V4 do milho) e o milho sem consorciacao (testemunha). A soja de verao foi implantada sobre os restos culturais dos tratamentos anteriores. Foram realizadas coletas para determinar a macro e microporosidade, porosidade total e densidade do solo em duas epocas de amostragem, apos as colheitas do milho e da soja. Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que, em regioes de cerrados, a sucessao de culturas utilizada promoveu a melhoria da macroporosidade, porosidade total e densidade do solo, independentemente da utilizacao de forrageiras em consorcio com milho.
Malaria Endemicity Influence on COVID -19 Mortality: New Evidence Added to BCG and TB Prevalence

Background: Regarding SARS-CoV-2 it is well known that a substantial percentage of adult population cannot get infected if exposed to this novel coronavirus. Several studies give primary indication of the possible role of preexisting immunity whether cross immunity or not. Possible role of latent TB and BCG have been already suggested to create innate cross heterogeneous immunity. Possible role of malaria is suggested in this paper possibly by same mechanism of protection. Material and methods:80 malarious countries are enrolled in this study. Hierarchical multiple regression type of analyses is used for data analyses. TB prevalence/ 100,000 population standardized to BCG coverage rates is taken as direct factor in the test. Malaria incidence /1000 population is considered as intermediate factor and the outcome is COVID-19 mortality/ 1 million (M) population. Results: The results show with robust statistical support that standerized TB prevalence to BCG coverage is significantly associated with reduced COVID-19 mortality and malaria incidence have an additional highly significant effect in reducing COVID-19 mortality. Conclusions: Malaria and standardized TB prevalence are statistical significant factors predicting COVID-19 mortality in negative associations.
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC TRENDS FOR FIRST LACTATION TRAITS IN MURRAH BUFFALOES

The aim of study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic trends in first lactation traits, viz. age at first calving (AFC). first lactation milk yield (FLMY), first lactation length (FLL) and first calving interval (FCI) in Murrah herds maintained under 3 Uttar Pradesh Government Livestock and 4 military farms. Genetic trends were estimated from regression of weighted averages of sires' transmitting abilities for each year on the year. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) procedure was used to obtain the estimates oftransmittinglabilities of sires. The annual phenotypic trends at different farrps for AFC ranged from -3.12+-1:1.67 to 2.37+-1.91 days. Genetic trend of -1.29±0.64 days/year for AFe at Lucknow military dairy farm was in desirable direction and significantly different from zero. Phenotypic trends in FLMY were not different from zero at all farms except Government Livestock Farm at Mathura. Annual phenotypic (7.04± 1.26 days) and genetic (1.03+-1:0.38 days) trends in FLL were significantly different from zero at Government Livestock Farm, Babugarh. Genetic trends for FCI at all farms were not significantly different from zero. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic trends suggest that these farms require suitable breeding schemes for bringing genetic improvement.
FRAKSINASI ENZIM LIPASE DARI ENDOSPERM KELAPA DENGAN METODE SALTING OUT (Lipase fractionation of Coconut Endosperm by Salting out Method)

This research learns about fractionation of lipases activity from coconut endosperm by using ammonium sulphate of 0–15%; 15-30 %, 30–45 %, 45–60 %, 60–75 % and 75–90 %. The results showed that the fractions of 0–15% ; 30–45 %, 45–60 % and 60–75 % have lipase activity. Meanwhile, the highest activity was fractions of 60-75%. fractions of 15-30% and 75-90% have no lipase enzym activity. Molecule weigh of lipase enzyme was 72 kDa. Keywords: Lipases, endosperm, coconut, fractionation, ammonium sulphate ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mempelajari fraksinasi enzim lipase dari endosperm kelapa menggunakan ammonium sulfat. fraksinasi dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi ammonium sulfat 0–15% ; 15-30%; 30–45 %, 45–60 %, 60–75 % dan 75–90 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enzim lipase terdapat pada fraksi 0–15% ; 30–45 %, 45–60 % dan fraksi 60–75 % dengan aktivitas enzim tertinggi pada fraksi 60-75%. Sedangkan fraksi 15-30% dan 75-90% tidak ada enzim lipase. Berat molekul enzim lipase pada semua fraksi 72 kDa. Kata kunci: Lipase, endosperm, fraksinasi, ammonium sulfat