Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contesting post-communist economic development: gold extraction, local community, and rural decline in Romania

ABSTRACT Plans to open a globally significant gold mine at Roşia Montană, in the Transylvanian region of Romania, have led to decades of controversy and struggle. This paper explores different understandings of extraction amongst advocates for and opponents of the mine over the last two decades. We discuss the shifting roles of capital, the state, civil society organizations, and the local community over time, arguing for the need to distinguish between their different positions on mining. In particular, we contend that the understanding of extraction promoted by the owners of the mine, and by the local community, is fundamentally different in terms of cultural, social, and economic priorities. The local community argue for a traditional type of mining, embedded in local ownership and established labor identities, whereas the neoliberal vision of capital for the Roşia Montană site is that of a globally competitive, technologically advanced form of extraction. In uncovering and developing these hermeneutic differences, the paper reveals that pro-traditional development attitudes among economically marginalized groups are not necessarily attuned to the material global interconnections shaping neoliberal capitalism.
Safe Zone for Dissection in Frontotemporal Region to Avoid Injury to the Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract The objective of this study is to provide a reliable roadmap for temporal branch of the facial nerve, in order to minimize, the risk of injury to the nerve during surgical dissections. A literature search was conducted on temporal branch of facial nerve. The date search range was 1950 to 2017. Databases searched included Medline, Web of science, Biosis, SciELO, Data Citation, and Zoologic Records. Data were collected on, author specialty, date of publication, and the relationship of the temporal branch of facial nerve to various landmarks in the frontotemporal region reported in human anatomic studies. Among the 48 studies reviewed, a total of 3477 anatomic dissections were performed in the craniofacial region. Temporal branch of facial nerve was located between 2.5 and 3 cm from lateral orbital rim. In relation to the zygomatic arch, it was found anywhere from the midpoint of the arch to 1 finger breath posterior to the arch. For the plane, it was most commonly described as being under the superficial temporal fascia (STF) or within the loose areolar tissue. Most anatomic dissections found 2 to 4 twigs of the temporal branch of facial nerve. In relation to the lateral canthus, it was found to be 2.85 +/– 0.69 cm superior and 2.54 +/– 0.43 cm lateral to the lateral canthus. Our study suggests consolidated data on surgical landmarks in order to ensure safe dissection in temporal region and prevent injury to the temporal branch of facial nerve.
Treatment of Pesticide-Contaminated Water Using a Selected Fungal Consortium: Study in a Batch and Packed-Bed Bioreactor

This study provides the basis for implementing a continuous treatment system for wastewater containing a pesticide mixture formed by atrazine, iprodione, and chlorpyrifos. Two fungal strains (Verticilium sp. H5 and Metacordyceps sp. H12) isolated from a biomixture of a biopurification system were able to remove different pesticide concentrations (10 to 50 mg L−1) efficiently from the liquid medium; however, the half-life of the pesticides was reduced and characterized by a T1/2 of 5.4 to 9.2 d for atrazine, 3.7 to 5.8 d for iprodione, and 2.6 to 2.9 d for chlorpyrifos using the fungal consortium. The immobilization of the fungal consortium in alginate bead was effective, with the highest pesticide removal observed using an inoculum concentration of 30% wv−1. The packed-bed reactor with the immobilized fungal consortium, which was operated in the continuous mode at different flow rates (30, 60, and 90 mL h−1), required approximately 10 d to achieve removal efficiency (atrazine: 59%; iprodione: 96%; chlorpyrifos: ~85%). The bioreactor was sensitive to flow rate fluctuations but was able to recover performance quickly. The pesticide metabolites hydroxyatrazine, 3,5-dichloroaniline, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol were produced, and a slight accumulation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol was observed. Nevertheless, reactor removal efficiency was maintained until the study ended (60 d).
Utilization of Information Technology during the Covid-19 pandemic: Student's Perception of Online Lectures

The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on higher education in Indonesia, including Muhadi Setiabudi University. Implementing the physical distancing policy then becomes the basis for implementing online lectures by utilizing information technology. This research was conducted to determine students' perceptions of using information technology in online learning at Muhadi Setiabudi University during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample used in this study were all students of the University of Muhadi Setiabudi second semester and fourth semester of the Primary School Teacher Education Study Program, totalling 145 students. Which then uses Semi-structured Interviews as an instrument in the form of interviews with 20 students. The most widely used media in online lectures at Muhadi Setiabudi University are Google Classroom and WhatsApp group because this application is effortless to use. However, based on the survey results, it turns out that the implementation of online lectures has triggered Indonesian education's digital transformation. Various discourses, endorsing policies, and socialization regarding education in era 4.0 had previously failed. Covid-19, on the other hand, has had a significant effect on the digital transformation of education towards the generation of education 4.0.
Emotions and two senses of simulation

ABSTRACT Some simulationists have argued that the information obtained during the perceptual process of facial expression (the geometric features) is sufficient for recognition of the emotion intended by that expression. Drawing on evidence from cross-cultural studies, with particular attention to conceptual act theories, I show that both emotion expression and recognition are top-down modulated by expressivity norms, observer-specific internal representations, and expectations. I thus conclude that direct simulation, or a purely bottom-up approach, is not sufficient for emotion recognition. Next, I will consider the generate and test strategy as an alternative to direct simulation. This is a highly promising approach in that top-down and bottom-up processes work in parallel, according to the presence, or not, of additional information. For this reason, it avoids the difficulties of direct simulation. I will argue, however, that it is based on a misconception of emotions, specifically on how emotions are represented in the brain. To improve the model, I distinguish between two different categorical approaches to emotions, then argue that only one of which is viable in a simulational account of emotion recognition.
Foreign Language Teachers’ Intercultural Competence as a New Aspect of Professional Development

This mixed-method study aims to offer an insight into foreign language teachers’ perceptions on the relationship between intercultural competence and professional development. It is also attempted to explore some methods for evaluating teachers’ intercultural competence through their professional development activities. The research participants are local and international instructors at a private university in Turkey. Data was collected via a web-based questionnaire and a semi-structured interview designed by the researchers. The general findings of the study indicate that learning about a) target culture, b) local culture, and c) international students’ culture contribute to foreign language teachers’ intercultural competence and it is considered as a part of their professional development. However, it is pointed out that pre-service and in-service teacher training programs in Turkey cannot provide sufficient facilities to develop teachers’ intercultural competence.
Assessing Response Fatigue in Phone Surveys: Experimental Evidence on Dietary Diversity in Ethiopia

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred interest in the use of remote data collection techniques, including phone surveys, in developing country contexts. This interest has sparked new methodological work focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of remote data collection, the use of incentives to increase response rates and how to address sample representativeness. By contrast, attention given to associated response fatigue and its implications remains limited. To assess this, we designed and implemented an experiment that randomized the placement of a survey module on women's dietary diversity in the survey instrument. We also examine potential differential vulnerabilities to fatigue across food groups and respondents. We find that delaying the timing of mothers' food consumption module by 15 minutes leads to 8-17 percent decrease in the dietary diversity score and a 28 percent decrease in the number of mothers who consumed a minimum of four dietary groups. This is driven by underreporting of infrequently consumed foods;the experimentally induced delay in the timing of mothers' food consumption module led to a 40 and 11 percent decrease in the reporting of consumption of animal source foods, and fruits and vegetables, respectively. Our results are robust to changes in model specification and pass falsification tests. Responses by older and less educated mothers and those from larger households are more vulnerable to measurement error due to fatigue.
Synthesizing Optical and SAR Imagery From Land Cover Maps and Auxiliary Raster Data

We synthesize both optical RGB and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing images from land cover maps and auxiliary raster data using generative adversarial networks (GANs). In remote sensing, many types of data, such as digital elevation models (DEMs) or precipitation maps, are often not reflected in land cover maps but still influence image content or structure. Including such data in the synthesis process increases the quality of the generated images and exerts more control on their characteristics. Spatially adaptive normalization layers fuse both inputs and are applied to a full-blown generator architecture consisting of encoder and decoder to take full advantage of the information content in the auxiliary raster data. Our method successfully synthesizes medium (10 m) and high (1 m) resolution images when trained with the corresponding data set. We show the advantage of data fusion of land cover maps and auxiliary information using mean intersection over unions (mIoUs), pixel accuracy, and Fréchet inception distances (FIDs) using pretrained U-Net segmentation models. Handpicked images exemplify how fusing information avoids ambiguities in the synthesized images. By slightly editing the input, our method can be used to synthesize realistic changes, i.e., raising the water levels. The source code is available at https://github.com/gbaier/rs_img_synth, and we published the newly created high-resolution data set at https://ieee-dataport.org/open-access/geonrw.
The Relationship between Corporate Governance Mechanism and the Firm Value: The Case of Islamic Banks in Malaysia and Indonesia

Our study empirically examines the relationship between corporate governance mechanism and their interactions on the firm value. We concentrated on the banking industry in Indonesia and Malaysia given that majority of the literature are primarily focused on the non-financial industry due to stringent regulation on disclosure in the financial banking counterparts. We measure firm’s value using Tobin’s q, while corporate governance mechanisms comprised of independent directors, the presence of audit committee, the institutional ownership as well as the percentage of female directors on the board. Using 48 observations during the year 2016-2018, our result exhibit that there is a significant positive association between audit committee independence and firm value. Moreover, we also reported a negative link between board independent and the presence of female directors on the firm value. In respect to our interaction effects, we found that there is a complementary relationship between (i) audit committee independent and board independent and (ii) female directors and audit committee independent and firm value. Moreover, our regression also reported a significant substitutive relationship between (i) female directors and institutional ownership (ii) female directors and board independent as well as (iii) audit committee independent and institutional ownership and firm value. In contrary to the findings from the western counterpart, our result shows that the presence of female directors reduce firm value, thus suggesting that the role of female directors have been impaired due to the cultural aspect of the society.
Prospective Observational Study on Prescribing Pattern of Antifungal Drugs in the 400 Out-Patient Department of Dermatology in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Fungal infections have been a serious disease over a few decades. Superficial fungal infections not only cause life-threatening illnesses but slowly reduce the Quality of life of patients. Objective: To study the prescribing pattern of antifungal drugs, distribution of fungal disease, and cost variability between different antifungal drugs prescribed. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study was carried out at Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital from August 2018 to April 2019. Outpatient departments patient satisfying the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Factors like age, gender, diagnosis, and type of prescribed antifungal drugs along with Price variability among different brands of the drug were considered. Antifungal drug prescriptions of patients were analyzed. Results: More than 50% of the patients were from age 21-40 yrs. Males (51.8%) were more than females (48%). The majority of the drugs prescribed were topically (64%). Tine a corpor is was the most prevalent fungal disease. The Azoles group of Antifungal was most prescribed. And the percentage variability between different brands was high. Conclusion: The study concluded the extensive use of antifungal agents. The highly prescribed drug was found to be luliconazole. The study also concluded that the use of generic prescriptions might reduce the cost of illness and enhance the rational use of the drug.
Disclosure and nondisclosure of suicidality to romantic partners: Understanding the decision-making process

The stigmatization of suicidal thoughts and behaviors often prevents disclosure to others, including romantic partners. Minimal research has examined the disclosure or withholding of this stigmatized identity, resulting in a lack of knowledge about the benefits or consequences of informing others. Participants (n = 61) were recruited from Reddit and completed open-ended questions about their prior suicidal ideation and behaviors while in a romantic relationship. Responses were separated by disclosers (n = 31) and non-disclosers (n = 30) to romantic partners. After utilizing a thematic analysis, the Disclosure Decision-Making Model (DD-MM) was applied to the results to make sense of decision-making processes. The three primary themes (assessing information, assessing emotional capacity, and assessing the receiver) provide insight into the psychological and communicative progression as well as the differences that arise for each individual. Findings discuss theoretical adaptations, implications, and future directions.
A Pediatric Case of Abrupt-Onset, Autoantibody-Negative Diabetes With Marked Insulin Resistance Concomitant With COVID-19

By December 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had claimed the lives of more than 200,000 in the United States alone, with more than 10.8 million people infected (1). As the numbers grow, we continue to learn that this disease has wide-ranging outcomes of varying severity affecting multiple organs (2). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel virus causing COVID-19, uses the ACE 2 receptor to enter human cells. This receptor is expressed in 15 different human organs (3). Moreover, it is avidly expressed in the pancreatic islets, but not on the exocrine pancreas, suggesting that the virus may directly affect β-cells (3).
Quality and evaluation of syrup from local date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars

The objective of this work was to study the suitability of three local cultivars of dates, namely; Barakawi , Mishriqi Wad Khateeb and Jawa for t he production of syrup. Date fruits were subjected to physical and chemical analysis before the production of syrup. The processing operations are extraction, filtration and concentration at atmospheric pressure. In addition, the chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of date syrups were evaluated immediately after processing. The results of the chemical composition of date syrups indicated a relative high moisture content in Mishriqi Wad Khateeb date syrup (32.4%) as compared with those of B arakawi and Jawa date syrups which were 23.1% and 28.5%, respectively. The ash content was 1.86%, 0.90% and 1.24% in Barakawi , Mishriqi Wad Khateeb and Jawa date syrups, respectively. Also, the results indicated a high percentage of total soluble solids in Barakawi date syrup (80.2%) as compared with those of Jawa and Mishriqi Wad Khateeb date syrups which were 74.2% and 69.5%, respectively. Total sugars were higher in Barakawi date syrup (66.4%) when compared with those of Mishriqi Wad Khateeb and Jawa dat e syrups which were 57.0% and 60.3%, respectively. The highest contents of reducing sugars were found in Barakawi date syrup (57.5%) followed by Jawa and Mishriqi Wad Khateeb date syrups which were 55.2% and 50.2%, respectively. Titrable acidity was compar able in the three date cultivars. The highest value of pH was found in Jawa date syrup (4.48) as compared with Bara - kawi and Mishriqi Wad Khateeb date syrups which were 4.03 and 4.16, respectively. The microbiological analysis of date syrup samples reveale d low levels of total microbial load. The sensory evaluation indicated good acceptability for all samples of date syrups. Normal 0 false false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
Repressing the Protests through Law, Police and Discourse: the Example of the Yellow Vests’ Movement in France

ABSTRACT The yellow vests movement dominated the French political debate and agenda from October 2018 and throughout 2019, exposing the difficult living conditions of many French people – especially those living on the outskirts of cities and in the countryside. Overwhelmed by the protests and bothered by the public support they garnered, the government was unwilling to meet the yellow vests’ political demands, given its chosen financial strategy and taxation policies. It therefore used different tools in order to contain demonstrations and repress demonstrators, in the hope of discouraging people from protesting. This article presents the different strategies of control and repression that were used by the government and the President in order to do so. It focuses in particular on police violence, and the political discourse surrounding it; as well as on the judicial strategies that allowed for the arrest of many protesters, while police officers went uncondemned. These strategies raise deep democratic and legal issues, and illustrate, I argue, the potential link between ordo-liberalism and authoritarianism that has already been highlighted by numerous authors.
Age, diabetes mellitus, and dialysis modality are associated with risk of poor muscle strength and physical function in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

Background Due to the poor outcomes associated with the impairment of physical function and muscle strength in patients on maintenance dialysis, it is important to understand the factors that may influence physical function and muscle strength. The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with physical function in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis for at least 3 months, aged 18 years old or above, were enrolled. Physical function was assessed by handgrip strength, gait and sit-to-stand tests, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Clinical and laboratory data were collected to verify the association with physical function parameters through binary logistic regression. Results One-hundred ninety patients on maintenance dialysis were included; 140 patients (73.7%) on hemodialysis and 50 (26.3%) on peritoneal dialysis. The mean age was 57.3 ± 14.9 years, 109 (57.4%) were male, and 87 (45.8%) were older than 60 years. The median SPPB was 8.0 points (6.0–10.0 points) and the mean ± standard deviation of handgrip strength was 24.7 ± 12.2 kg. Binary logistic regression showed that age, type of renal replacement therapy, diabetes mellitus, and serum creatinine were significantly associated with both higher 4-meter gait test times and lower SPPB scores. Only age and diabetes mellitus were associated with higher sit-to-stand test times, while age and ferritin were associated with lower handgrip strength. Conclusion Age, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine, and hemodialysis modality are factors related to physical function in dialysis patients.
The Joys of Teaching: Working with Language Learners in Finnish Classrooms

ABSTRACT This study investigated which aspects of working with multilingual students bring joy to Finnish teachers. The data was collected via an online survey from teachers working mainly in basic education in Finland. The teachers (N = 588) reported a positive stance toward multilingual learners. The greatest number of responses (44%) cited students’ intrapersonal qualities, for example students’ motivation to learn and their academic, social, and emotional successes, as a source of joy. The positive impact of diversity on the school community (14%) and the teachers’ own development (12%) were the next most common sources of joy. Teachers with more experience working with multilingual learners were more likely to name students as a source of joy; similarly, teachers at schools with more multilingual learners were more likely to reference these students as a source of joy. The findings suggest that experience with many multilingual students promotes teachers’ commitment to them.