Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE FIRST OBSERVATIONS OF LOW-REDSHIFT DAMPED Lyα SYSTEMS WITH THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH: CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES AND AFFILIATED GALAXIES

We present Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) measurements of metal abundances in eight 0.083 < zabs < 0.321 damped Lyα (DLA) and sub-DLA absorption systems serendipitously discovered in the COS–Halos survey. We find that these systems show a large range in metallicities, with −1.10 < [Z/H] < 0.31, similar to the spread found at higher redshifts. These low-redshift systems on average have subsolar metallicities, but do show a rise in metallicity over cosmic time when compared to higher-redshift systems. We find that the average sub-DLA metallicity is higher than the average DLA metallicity at all redshifts. Nitrogen is underabundant with respect to α-group elements in all but perhaps one of the absorbers. In some cases, [N/α] is significantly below the lowest nitrogen measurements in nearby galaxies. Systems for which depletion patterns can be studied show little, if any, depletion, which is characteristic of Milky Way halo-type gas. We also identify affiliated galaxies for three of the sub-DLAs using spectra obtained from a Keck/Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS). None of these sub-DLAs arise in the stellar disks of luminous galaxies; instead, these absorbers may exist in galaxy halos at impact parameters ranging from 38 to 92 kpc. Multiple galaxies are present near two of the sub-DLAs, and galaxy interactions may play a role in the dispersal of the gas. Many of these low-redshift absorbers exhibit simple kinematics, but one sub-DLA has a complicated mix of at least 13 components spread over 150 km s−1. We find three galaxies near this sub-DLA, which also suggests that galaxy interactions roil the gas. This study reinforces the view that DLAs have a variety of origins, and low-redshift studies are crucial for understanding absorber–galaxy connections.
Red Blood Cell Deformability and Distribution Width in Patients with Hematologic Neoplasms.

BACKGROUND Despite increasing evidence that red blood cell (RBC) deformability is impaired in pathologic conditions, little research has been done on RBC deformability in hematologic diseases. The authors measured RBC deformability in patients with various hematologic diseases, including hematologic malignancies. METHODS A total of 568 patients who underwent bone marrow (BM) examination for initial diagnosis were enrolled. We collected the subjects' age, gender, diagnosis of BM examination, and complete blood count results. The RBC deformability, which was quantified by an elongation index, was measured by a microfluidic ektacytometer. RESULTS RBC deformability was lower in primary myelofibrosis, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from least to greatest. When the correlation between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and RBC deformability was analyzed for 370 subjects in hematologic neoplasms, the correlation coefficient of RDW was -0.2974 (p < 0.01). When comparing MDS and aplastic anemia (AA), the deformability of MDS was significantly lower than that of AA. CONCLUSIONS RBC deformability was decreased in leukemic diseases such as AML, MDS, CML, and ALL compared to control, and RDW showed a negative correlation with deformability. RBC deformability may be used as a complementary differential diagnostic test for MDS and AA.
Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor arrestin subtype‐selectivity and phosphorylation dependence

Arrestin or G protein bias may be desirable for novel cannabinoid therapeutics. Arrestin‐2 and arrestin‐3 translocation to CB1 receptor have been suggested to mediate different functions that may be exploited with biased ligands. Here, the requirement of a recently described phosphorylation motif ‘pxxp’ (where ‘p’ denotes phosphorylatable serine or threonine and ‘x’ denotes any other amino acid) within the CB1 receptor C‐terminus for interaction with different arrestin subtypes was examined.
Vector volume and black holes

By examining the rate of growth of an invariant volume $\mathcal V$ of some spacetime region along a divergence-free vector field $v^\alpha$, we introduce the concept of a "vector volume" $\mathcal{V}_v$. This volume can be defined in various equivalent ways. For example, it can be given as $\mathrm d \mathcal V(\mu) / \mathrm d \mu$, where $v^\alpha \partial_\alpha = \mathrm d / \mathrm d \mu$, and $\mu$ is a parameter distance along the integral curve of $v$. Equivalently, it can be defined as $\int v^\alpha \mathrm d \Sigma_\alpha$, where $\mathrm d \Sigma_\alpha$ is the directed surface element. We find that this volume is especially useful for the description of black holes, but it can be used in other contexts as well. Moreover, this volume has several properties of interest. Among these is the fact that the vector volume is linear with respect to the the choice of vector $v^\alpha$. As a result, for example, in stationary axially symmetric spacetimes with timelike Killing vectors $t^\alpha$ and axial symmetric Killing vectors $\phi^\alpha$, the vector volume of an axially symmetric region with respect to the vector $t^\alpha + \Omega \phi^\alpha$ is equal for any value of $\Omega$, a consequence of the additional result that $\phi^\alpha$ does not contribute to $\mathcal{V}_v$. Perhaps of most interest is the fact that in Kerr-Schild spacetimes the volume element for the full spacetime is equal to that of the background spacetime. We discuss different ways of using the vector volume to define volumes for black holes. Finally, we relate our work to the recent wide-spread thermodynamically motivated study of the "volumes" of black holes associated with non-zero values of the cosmological constant $\Lambda$.
The effect domains, measures, and methods reported in pediatric‐specialized multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation programs: An integrated review

Specialized pain rehabilitation is recognized as the treatment of choice for youth with pain‐related disability. Appropriate outcomes for program evaluation are critical. This study aimed to summarize the effect domains and methods used to evaluate pediatric‐specialized outpatient pain rehabilition programs, map them to the PedIMMPACT statement, and highlight future directions.
Shock and reshock of an unstable fluid interface

Difficulties with experimental studies of the Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability are examined. We consider optical systems for explosively driven experiments with liquids, and the problems of the interfacial membrane and diffusion in experiments with gases. We show how the membrane induces deviation from impulsive loading of the unstable interface. Also, we summarize recent analyses of our experiments with a perturbed interface between gases, and show how accelerative instabilities can affect an equation-of-state experiment. 15 refs., 5 figs.
Probing the physics of narrow-line regions of Seyfert galaxies I. The case of NGC 5427

Context. The spectra of the extended narrow-line regions (ENLRs) of Seyfert 2 galaxies probe the physics of the central active galaxy nucleus (AGN), since they encode the energy distribution of the ionising photons, the radiative flux and radiation pressure, nuclear chemical abundances and the mechanical energy input of the (unseen) central AGN. Aims. We aim to constrain the chemical abundance in the interstellar medium of the ENLR by measuring the abundance gradient in the circum-nuclear H ii regions to determine the nuclear chemical abundances, and to use these to in turn determine the EUV spectral energy distribution for comparison with theoretical models. Methods. We have used the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS) on the ANU 2.3 m telescope at Siding Spring to observe the nearby, nearly face-on, Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 5427. We have obtained integral field spectroscopy of both the nuclear regions and the H ii regions in the spiral arms. The observed spectra have been modelled using the MAPPINGS IV photoionisation code, both to derive the chemical abundances in the H ii regions and the Seyfert nucleus, and to constrain the EUV spectral energy distribution of the AGN illuminating the ENLR. Results. We find a very high nuclear abundance, 3.0 times solar, with clear evidence of a nuclear enhancement of N and He, possibly caused by massive star formation in the extended (∼100 pc) central disk structure. The circum-nuclear narrow-line region spectrum is fit by a radiation pressure dominated photoionisation model model with an input EUV spectrum from a Black – .
Effects of Cybersickness Caused by Head-Mounted Display–Based Virtual Reality on Physiological Responses: Cross-sectional Study

Background Although more people are experiencing cybersickness due to the popularization of virtual reality (VR), no official standard for the cause and reduction of cybersickness exists to date. One of the main reasons is that an objective method to assess cybersickness has not been established. To resolve this, research on evaluating cybersickness with physiological responses that can be measured in real time is required. Since research on deriving physiological responses that can assess cybersickness is at an early stage, further studies examining various physiological responses are needed. Objective This study analyzed the effects of cybersickness caused by head-mounted display–based VR on physiological responses. Methods We developed content that provided users with a first-person view of an aircraft that moved (with translation and combined rotation) over a city via a predetermined trajectory. In the experiment, cybersickness and the physiological responses of participants were measured. Cybersickness was assessed by the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). The measured physiological responses were heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and cortisol level. Results Our measurement confirmed that all SSQ scores increased significantly (all Ps<.05) when participants experienced cybersickness. Heart rate and cortisol level increased significantly (P=.01 and P=.001, respectively). Body temperature also increased, but there was no statistically significant difference (P=.02). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (P=.001). Conclusions Based on the results of our analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) cybersickness causes significant disorientation, and research on this topic should focus on factors that affect disorientation; and (2) the physiological responses that are suitable for measuring cybersickness are heart rate and cortisol level.
Deep crustal heating in a multicomponent accreted neutron star crust

A quasistatistical equilibrium model is constructed to simulate the multicomponent composition of the crust of an accreting neutron star. The ashes of rp-process nucleosynthesis are driven by accretion through a series of electron captures, neutron emissions, and pycnonuclear fusions up to densities near the transition between the neutron star crust and core. A liquid droplet model which includes nuclear shell effects is used to provide nuclear masses far from stability. Reaction pathways are determined consistently with the nuclear mass model. The nuclear symmetry energy is an important uncertainty in the masses of the exotic nuclei in the inner crust and varying the symmetry energy changes the amount of deep crustal heating by as much as a factor of two.
BV technique for investigating 1‐D interfaces

To investigate the internal structure of the magnetopause with spacecraft data, it is crucial to be able to determine its normal direction and to convert the measured time series into spatial profiles. We propose here a new single‐spacecraft method, called the BV method, to reach these two objectives. Its name indicates that the method uses a combination of the magnetic field (B) and velocity (V) data. The method is tested on simulation and on Cluster data, and a short overview of the possible products is given. We discuss its assumptions and show that it can bring a valuable improvement with respect to previous methods.
Physical functioning and physical activity after gastrointestinal or bladder oncological surgery: An observational cohort study

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery of physical functioning and objective physical activity levels up to 3 months after oncological surgery and to determine the association between physical activity levels and the recovery of physical functioning. Methods A longditudinal observational cohort study was conducted in patients who underwent gastrointestinal or bladder oncological surgery. Recovery of physical functioning was measured preoperatively, and 1 and 3 months after discharge. Physical activity was objectively measured with an accelerometer during hospitalisation, and 1 and 3 months after discharge. Results Between February and November 2019, 68 patients were included. Half of the patients (49%) were not recovered in physical functioning 3 months after surgery. During hospitalisation, physical activity increased from 13 to 46 median active minutes per day. At 1 and 3 months after discharge, patients were physically active for 138 and 159 median minutes per day, respectively. Patients with higher levels of physical activity 1 month after discharge showed to have higher levels of physical functioning up to 3 months after discharge. Conclusion At 3 months after surgery, physical functioning is still diminished in half of the patients. It is important to evaluate both physical activity levels and physical functioning levels after surgery to enable tailored postoperative mobility care.
Experimental temperatures shape host microbiome diversity and composition

Global climate change has led to more extreme thermal events. Plants and animals harbour diverse microbial communities, which may be vital for their physiological performance and help them survive stressful climatic conditions. The extent to which microbiome communities change in response to warming or cooling may be important for predicting host performance under global change. Using a meta‐analysis of 1377 microbiomes from 43 terrestrial and aquatic species, we found a decrease in the amplicon sequence variant‐level microbiome phylogenetic diversity and alteration of microbiome composition under both experimental warming and cooling. Microbiome beta dispersion was not affected by temperature changes. We showed that the host habitat and experimental factors affected microbiome diversity and composition more than host biological traits. In particular, aquatic organisms—especially in marine habitats—experienced a greater depletion in microbiome diversity under cold conditions, compared to terrestrial hosts. Exposure involving a sudden long and static temperature shift was associated with microbiome diversity loss, but this reduction was attenuated by prior‐experimental lab acclimation or when a ramped regime (i.e., warming) was used. Microbial differential abundance and co‐occurrence network analyses revealed several potential indicator bacterial classes for hosts in heated environments and on different biome levels. Overall, our findings improve our understanding on the impact of global temperature changes on animal and plant microbiome structures across a diverse range of habitats. The next step is to link these changes to measures of host fitness, as well as microbial community functions, to determine whether microbiomes can buffer some species against a more thermally variable and extreme world.
Quantifying Dark Gas

A growing body of evidence has been supporting the existence of so-called "dark molecular gas" (DMG), which is invisible in the most common tracer of molecular gas, i.e., CO rotational emission. DMG is believed to be the main gas component of the intermediate extinction region between A$\rm_v$$\sim$0.05-2, roughly corresponding to the self-shielding threshold of H$_2$ and $^{13}$CO. To quantify DMG relative to HI and CO, we are pursuing three observational techniques, namely, HI self-absorption, OH absorption, and TeraHz C$^+$ emission. In this paper, we focus on preliminary results from a CO and OH absorption survey of DMG candidates. Our analysis show that the OH excitation temperature is close to that of the Galactic continuum background and that OH is a good DMG tracer co-existing with molecular hydrogen in regions without CO. Through systematic "absorption mapping" by Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and ALMA, we will have unprecedented, comprehensive knowledge of the ISM components including DMG in terms of their temperature and density, which will impact our understanding of galaxy evolution and star formation profoundly.
Accidental Inflation in the Landscape

We study some aspects of fine tuning in inflationary scenarios within string theory flux compactifications and, in particular, in models of accidental inflation. We investigate the possibility that the apparent fine-tuning of the low energy parameters of the theory needed to have inflation can be generically obtained by scanning the values of the fluxes over the landscape. Furthermore, we find that the existence of a landscape of eternal inflation in this model provides us with a natural theory of initial conditions for the inflationary period in our vacuum. We demonstrate how these two effects work in a small corner of the landscape associated with the complex structure of the Calabi-Yau manifold P{sup 4}{sub [1,1,1,6,9]} by numerically investigating the flux vacua of a reduced moduli space. This allows us to obtain the distribution of observable parameters for inflation in this mini-landscape directly from the fluxes.
SOME KINDS OF LIAPUNOV FUNCTIONAL IN STABILITY THEORY OF RFDE

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LONG-LASTING X-RAY EMISSION FROM TYPE IIb SUPERNOVA 2011dh AND MASS-LOSS HISTORY OF THE YELLOW SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR

Type IIb supernova (SN) 2011dh, with conclusive detection of an unprecedented yellow supergiant (YSG) progenitor, provides an excellent opportunity to deepen our understanding on the massive star evolution in the final centuries toward the SN explosion. In this paper, we report on detection and analyses of thermal X-ray emission from SN IIb 2011dh at ∼500 days after the explosion on Chandra archival data, providing a solidly derived mass-loss rate of a YSG progenitor for the first time. We find that the circumstellar media should be dense, more than that expected from a Wolf–Rayet (W-R) star by one order of magnitude. The emission is powered by a reverse shock penetrating into an outer envelope, fully consistent with the YSG progenitor but not with a W-R progenitor. The density distribution at the outermost ejecta is much steeper than that expected from a compact W-R star, and this finding must be taken into account in modeling the early UV/optical emission from SNe IIb. The derived mass-loss rate is ∼3 × 10−6 M☉ yr−1 for the mass-loss velocity of ∼20 km s−1 in the final ∼1300 yr before the explosion. The derived mass-loss properties are largely consistent with the standard wind mass-loss expected for a giant star. This is not sufficient to be a main driver to expel nearly all the hydrogen envelope. Therefore, the binary interaction, with a huge mass transfer having taken place at ≳ 1300 yr before the explosion, is a likely scenario to produce the YSG progenitor.
Pediatric traumatic hemorrhagic shock consensus conference recommendations

ABSTRACT Hemorrhagic shock in pediatric trauma patients remains a challenging yet preventable cause of death. There is little high-quality evidence available to guide specific aspects of hemorrhage control and specific resuscitation practices in this population. We sought to generate clinical recommendations, expert consensus, and good practice statements to aid providers in care for these difficult patients. The Pediatric Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Consensus Conference process included systematic reviews related to six subtopics and one consensus meeting. A panel of 16 consensus multidisciplinary committee members evaluated the literature related to 6 specific topics: (1) blood products and fluid resuscitation for hemostatic resuscitation, (2) utilization of prehospital blood products, (3) use of hemostatic adjuncts, (4) tourniquet use, (5) prehospital airway and blood pressure management, and (6) conventional coagulation tests or thromboelastography-guided resuscitation. A total of 21 recommendations are detailed in this article: 2 clinical recommendations, 14 expert consensus statements, and 5 good practice statements. The statement, the panel's voting outcome, and the rationale for each statement intend to give pediatric trauma providers the latest evidence and guidance to care for pediatric trauma patients experiencing hemorrhagic shock. With a broad multidisciplinary representation, the Pediatric Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Consensus Conference systematically evaluated the literature and developed clinical recommendations, expert consensus, and good practice statements concerning topics in traumatically injured pediatric patients with hemorrhagic shock.
Incidence and risk factors for graft failure in the modern era of cord blood transplantation

Graft failure (GF) after cord blood transplant (CBT) has decreased with improved supportive care and cord selection strategies. We aimed to evaluate cord blood selection and factors associated with retransplantation on the incidence of GF, determine risk factors for GF including host antibodies to Kell antigen and evaluate survival after GF.
High-intensity circuit training for improving anthropometric parameters for women from low socioeconomic communities of Sikandarabad: A clinical trial

Background An alarming trend of sustained physical inactivity has been observed among women in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, mainly due to the lack of time and high cost of gym facilities. Although physical activity essentially contributes to disease prevention, evidence supporting time-efficient exercise on anthropometric measures is limited. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of interval-based high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on anthropometric measures and the nature of the relationship between these measures. Methods A single-group, quasi-experimental study was conducted in the community park of Ziauddin Hospital at Sikandarabad. Sixty women who were overweight and had sedentary lifestyles were recruited for a six-week HICT-based program conducted at 85%–95% maximum heart rate (MHR) on every alternate day. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 6-weeks including anthropometric parameters (body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). Results The six-week HICT-based program demonstrated a significant reduction in BMI (p<0.001), BF% (p<0.001), and WHR (p<0.001). Reductions in the BMI mean from 27.3±1.3 to 25.1±1.4 and BF% mean from 31.9±2.3 to 27.6±2.4 were observed following 18 sessions of HICT. The effect of age on BF% and WHR was linearly significant (p<0.001) with increasing age (BF%) and WHR. Conclusion Interval-based HICT was an effective exercise regimen for improving BMI, BF%, and WHR. Furthermore, the exercise protocol was feasible and well tolerated, with no reported adverse events, and it could be easily implemented in real-world community settings. BF% and WHR were significantly influenced by increasing age; therefore, our findings support the importance of exercise implementation, especially with increasing age, for the maintenance of a disease-free healthy lifestyle.