Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of chemical composition on humidity sensitivity of Al/BaTiO3/Si structure

Argon‐ion‐beam sputtering technique has been applied to deposit barium titanate (BaTiO3) films on silicon wafers at room temperature under vacuum, and then Al/BaTiO3/Si structures were fabricated. Results show that the current and capacitance of these devices are sensitive to the change of relative humidity at room temperature, and saturation absorption (response) time as well as humidity sensitivity of the devices depend on the chemical composition of the BaTiO3 films. For higher annealing temperature and longer annealing time, the oxygen composition increases while fixed charge density decreases. These changes result in lower humidity sensitivity and longer response time.
High-resolution landcover classification using Random Forest

Potential data sets for landcover classification, such as Landsat (or pre-processed data such as the National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD)), are often too coarse for fine-scale research needs or are cost-prohibitive (Quickbird, Ikonos and Geoeye). Repeated attempts at classifying high spatial resolution data, National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, based on traditional techniques, such as a maximum likelihood supervised classification, have failed to produce a product with sufficient accuracy. We used the ensemble Random Forests (RFs) classifier to classify landcover at 1 m resolution using 2009 NAIP imagery in south-eastern Wyoming. We classified riparian areas within a 225 km2 study area, at 1 m spatial resolution, using RFs with emphasis on riparian corridors that yielded a land cover map with overall accuracy of 81% and a kappa coefficient of 79%. Users’ accuracy of important riparian vegetation species, aspen, riparian grasses and willow were 79%, 81% and 83%, respectively. Techniques presented in this paper, which exploit free NAIP imagery for landcover classification, represent an inexpensive and reliable alternative to purchasing commercial imagery when high spatial resolution landcover data is needed.
Heat flow and thermal regime in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: Estimates of conductive and advective heat transport

Heat flow is estimated at eight sites drilled int the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, during the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 385. The expedition sought to understand the thermal regime of the basin and heat transfer between off‐axis sills intruding the organic‐rich sediments of the Guaymas Basin, and the basin floor. The distinct sedimentation rates, active tectonics, and magmatism make the basin interesting for scientific discoveries. Results show that sedimentation corrected heat flow values range 119–221 mW/m2 in the basin and 257–1003 mW/m2 at the site of a young sill intrusion, denominated Ringvent. Thermal analysis shows that heat in the Guaymas Basin is being dissipated by conduction for plate ages >0.2 Ma, whereas younger plate ages are in a state of transient cooling by both conduction and advection. Drilling sites show that Ringvent is an active sill being cooled down slowly by circulating fluids with discharge velocities of 10–200 mm/yr. Possible recharge sites are located ca. 1 km away from the sill's border. Modelling of the heat output at Ringvent indicates a sill thickness of ca. 240 m. A simple order‐of‐magnitude model predicts that relatively small amounts of magma are needed to account for the elevated heat flow in non‐volcanic, sediment‐filled rifts like the central and northern Gulf of California in which heating of the upper crust is achieved via advection by sill emplacement and hydrothermal circulation. Multiple timescales of cooling control the crustal, chemical and biological evolution of the Guaymas Basin. Here, we recognize at least four timescales: the time interval between intrusions (ca. 103 yr), the thermal relaxation time of sills (ca. 104 yr), the characteristic cooling time of the sediments (ca. 105 yr), and the cooling of the entire crust at geologic timescales.
The evolutionary status of 4U 1820-30

The evolution of an ultracompact binary wherein mass transfer is driven by the emission of gravitational radiation is calculated, emphasizing the systematic study of how the rate of change in orbital period depends on the various system parameters. Analytic scaling laws are derived describing how the mass of the secondary, the mass transfer rate, and the rate of change of period depend on the binary system parameters, and these simple relations are applied to the 4U 1820-30 system. Detailed numerical evolutionary calculations are performed utilizing Zapolsky-Salpeter (1969) models for cold stars, but allowing for the possibility that the secondary has not yet reached a completely degenerate configuration. The results are used to set significant constraints on the deviation from a completely degenerate configuration of the secondary, the systemic mass-loss parameters, and the mass of the neutron star in the 4U 1820-30 system. 52 references.
Modelado de la Cinética de Secado de la Papaya Chilena (Vasconcellea pubescens)

Se ha estudiado y modelado la de secado por aire caliente de papaya chilena (Vasconcellea pubescens) a diferentes temperaturas (40, 50, 60, 70 y 80o C) con velocidad de aire de 2.0 ± 0.2 m·s-1. Durante las experiencias se observaron los periodos de induccion, velocidad constante y decreciente. Los modelos matematicos aplicados fueron el modelo de Newton, Henderson-Pabis y Page. Ademas se evaluo la calidad de ajuste de estos modelos por medio del coeficiente de regresion lineal, suma de errores cuadrados, raiz media de los errores cuadrados y Chi-cuadrado. Los parametros cineticos de cada modelo presentaron la dependencia usual con la temperatura, y fueron evaluadas con la ecuacion de Arrhenius. Al comparar los valores experimentales con los calculados, se demostro que el modelo de Page obtuvo la mejor calidad de ajuste en cada curva de secado, representando una excelente herramienta para estimar el tiempo de secado de este producto.
Effects of Postoperative Atropine Eye Drops on Visual Quality in Patients Undergoing Trabeculectomy

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of atropine on patients’ perception of visual quality after trabeculectomy. Forty patients undergoing standard trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were enrolled in this prospective randomized study. All surgeries were conducted at the ophthalmology department of the University Medical Center of Mainz, Germany. All patients received the same postoperative treatment with ofloxacin and dexamethasone eye drops. Following randomization of patients into two groups of 20 patients, the intervention group also received atropine eye drops three times daily for the first 2 days after surgery to stabilize the anterior chamber. All patients completed a visual quality questionnaire before surgery and 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. Results were compared using the Wilcoxon test. After surgery, there was a reduction in visual quality in all patients. Patients who received atropine eye drops described a greater and longer-lasting reduction in visual quality than those who did not receive atropine eye drops. Trabeculectomy often leads to a transient reduction in visual quality. This reduction was greater in severity and duration in patients who received postoperative atropine eye drops. Thus, unless there is an underlying medical necessity, we would discourage the application of atropine as a standard therapy for trabeculectomy surgery.
Choosing a transformation

The emphasis in the literature is on normalizing transformations, despite the greater importance of the homogeneity of variance in analysis. A strategy for a choice of variance-stabilizing transformation is suggested. The relevant component of variation must be identified and, when this is not within-subject variation, a major explanatory variable must also be selected to subdivide the data. A plot of group standard deviation against group mean, or log standard deviation against log mean, may identify a simple power transformation or shifted log transformation. In other cases, within the shifted Box-Cox family of transformations, a contour plot to show the region of minimum heterogeneity defined by an appropriate index is proposed to enable an informed choice of transformation. If used in conjunction with the maximum-likelihood contour plot for the normalizing transformation, then it is possible to assess whether or not there exists a transformation that satisfies both criteria.
The constitution of alloys of iron and manganese with transition elements of the first long period

Using metals of the highest purity, the constitutions of iron-rich and manganese-rich binary alloys with the sequence of elements Ti-V-Cr-(Mn, Fe)-Co-Ni-Cu have been investigated by specially accurate thermal analysis, supplemented by microscopical and X-ray work. The liquidus and solidus curves have been determined accurately, and also the forms of the A4(Y/O) transformations in the iron alloys, and of the (Y/O) and (Y/B) transformations in the manganese alloys. The complete liquidus and solidus were determined for the system Fe—Mn, and the equilibrium diagrams of the systems Fe-Ti and Mn-Ti were studied as far as 52 at. % Ti. O-Mn (b.c.c.) and y-Mn (f.c.c.) have the same crystal structures as O-Fe and y-Fe respectively, and the corresponding parts of the equilibrium diagrams are thus structurally comparable. In general, there is a remarkable correspondence between the effects of the different elements in stabilizing the b.c.c. or f.c. c. phases. The closed y-loops in the systems Fe-Ti, Fe—V and Fe-Cr are paralleled by closed y-fields in the Mn alloys, whilst Mn (in Fe), Fe (in Mn) and Ni produce open or expanded y-fields; Cu behaves abnormally in both series of alloys. In the Mn alloys, the stability and range of the B-Mn phase reach a maximum in the system Mn-Co, where the B-Mn phase is so stable that it comes into equilibrium with the liquid, and prevents the formation of a continuous series of solid solutions between Y-Mn and B-Co (f.c.c.). For the iron alloys the size factors are favourable for all the solutes examined, except Ti, which lies on the borderline of the favourable zone. With O-Mn and Fe-Mn as solvents, the size factors are all favourable, although that for Ti is still appreciable ( ca. 10%). The effect of size factor is shown by steep depression of the O-liquidus and O-solidus curves in the systems Fe-Ti and Mn—Ti. For the iron alloys the relative depressions of liquidus and solidus at equal atomic percentages of solute are in the order Ti > V > Cr and Co < Ni < Cu, and these sequences are the same as those for the lattice distortions produced by equiatomic percentages of the same solutes; the effect of Mn lies out of sequence in both cases. These and other relations are discussed. When compared with previous diagrams, the general effect of the present work is to indicate a much narrower two-phase (liquid and solid) range for both O-Fe and Y-Fe solid solutions. In marked contrast to previous diagrams, the present liquidus and solidus curves can all be reconciled with the existence of monatomic solutions in both liquid and solid phases. For Fe-Mn alloys the equations for dilute solutions are in good agreement with thermal data for pure iron up to 30 at. % Mn.
Coping Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship with Psychological Morbidity after Genetic Test Result Disclosure: Results from Cancer-Unaffected BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers

Women who are found to carry a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant experience psychological distress due to an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. They may decide between different preventive options. In this secondary analysis of data collected alongside a larger randomized controlled trial, we are looking at 130 newly found BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant carriers and how their coping self-efficacy immediately after genetic test result disclosure is related to their psychological burden and status of preventive decision making. Participants received the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Impact of Event Scale, the Decisional Conflict Scale, and the Stage of Decision-Making Scale after positive genetic test result disclosure. We found that women with higher coping self-efficacy showed fewer symptoms of anxiety or depression and were less affected by receiving the genetic test result in terms of post-traumatic stress. However, coping self-efficacy had no relationship with any decision-related criteria, such as decisional conflict or stage of decision making. This shows that despite its buffering capacity on psychological burden, possessing coping self-efficacy does not lead to more decisiveness in preference-sensitive decisions.
Stationary advanced scenarios with internal transport barrier on ASDEX Upgrade

Steady-state discharges with improved core confinement and H-mode edge with edge localized modes (ELMs) are investigated. In plasmas with an upper triangularity top close to zero an H-factor of HITER89-P = 2.7 and N = 2.2 could be maintained for 1 s and HITER89-P = 2.4 and N = 2.0 for 6 s, the latter corresponding to 40 confinement times or 2 1/2 resistive time scales for current redistribution, only limited by the duration of the possible discharge length. At a line averaged density of 4 × 1019 m-3 the central temperatures reach values of Ti = 10 keV and Te = 6.5 keV. The stationarity of the current profile is explained by magnetic reconnection driven by strong (m = 1, n = 1) fishbones, which, in the absence of sawteeth, also expel energy and impurities. Further increasing the pressure, is limited by neoclassical tearing modes. Raising the density by edge gas fuelling and the simultaneous increase of the neutral beam power, HITER89-P remained unchanged up to ne = 5.5 × 1019 m-3, accompanied by a substantial reduction of Zeff. Increasing top to 0.2, both confinement and -limit improved reaching values of HITER89-P = 3.0 and N = 2.4 at densities above ne = 5 × 1019 m-3. This resulted in the highest fusion product of nD,0Ti,0E = 0.9 × 1020 keV s m-3 so far observed in ASDEX Upgrade.
Recursive Moments of Compound Renewal Sums with Discounted Claims

Under regularity conditions, Le´veille´& Garrido [6] gives a derivation of the first two moments (resp. asymptotic) of a Compound Renewal Present Value Risk (CRPVR) process using renewal theory arguments. In this paper, with the same procedure and assuming that all the moments of the claim severity and the claims number process exist, we get recursive formulas for all the moments (resp. asymptotic) of the CRPVR process.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF PANOAN METRICAL PHONOLOGY: DISYLLABIC FOOTING AND CONTEXTUAL SYLLABLE WEIGHT

OF THE DISSERTATION Theoretical Aspects of Panoan Metrical Phonology: Disyllabic Footing and Contextual Syllable Weight By JOSE A. ELIAS ULLOA Dissertation Director: Professor Alan Prince This dissertation studies the relation between foot size and contextual syllable-weight. In particular, it focuses on the influence that foot disyllabicity has on triggering quantity adjustments of syllable weight. Within Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993; 2004), this dissertation formally addresses the relation between foot size and syllable weight through the stringency relation between two constraints: *FOOT(σ) and *FOOT(μ). The former penalizes feet smaller than two syllables and the latter, feet smaller than two moras. In isolation, they create a scale in which disyllabic feet are more preferable than
Onset of 3D thermal convection in a cubic cavity

Stability of fluid in a cubic cavity heated from below is investigated by linear stability theory. All the boundaries are assumed to be rigid and perfectly thermal conducting. The critical Rayleigh number for the onset of the thermal convection is evaluated numerically as R a c =6798. The velocity and temperature fields at the critical state are obtained and discussed.
A Highly Sensitive Flow Cytometric Approach to Detect Rare Antigen-Specific T Cells: Development and Comparison to Standard Monitoring Tools

Simple Summary Personalized anti-cancer vaccines utilize peptides derived from mutated proteins (neoantigens) or from proteins aberrantly expressed by the cancer cells (e.g., cancer testis antigens). Vaccination increases the frequency of anti-tumoral T cells and promotes their antigen-specific activation. Current methods used for identifying peptides which have elicited T-cell responses, do not measure these responses with sufficient sensitivity. Non-antigen-specific background activation frequency of currently applied methodologies ranges from 0.1–0.7%, while the frequencies of antigen-specific responses to vaccinated peptides are often at the lower end of this range (0.05–0.2%). As a result, many peptides which have succeeded in eliciting a response are not detected. We developed a methodology that can identify response frequencies as low as 0.01–0.02%, thereby facilitating the detection of T-cell responses that would otherwise be missed. Our method enables more accurate monitoring of the dynamic changes in vaccination-induced T-cell responses and thereby more efficacious design of personalized vaccines. Abstract Personalized vaccines against patient-unique tumor-associated antigens represent a promising new approach for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccine efficacy is assessed by quantification of changes in the frequency and/or the activity of antigen-specific T cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and flow cytometry (FCM) are methodologies frequently used for assessing vaccine efficacy. We tested these methodologies and found that both ELISpot and standard FCM [monitoring CD3/CD4/CD8/IFNγ/Viability+CD14+CD19 (dump)] demonstrate background IFNγ secretion, which, in many cases, was higher than the antigen-specific signal measured by the respective methodology (frequently ranging around 0.05–0.2%). To detect such weak T-cell responses, we developed an FCM panel that included two early activation markers, 4-1BB (CD137) and CD40L (CD154), in addition to the above-cited markers. These two activation markers have a close to zero background expression and are rapidly upregulated following antigen-specific activation. They enabled the quantification of rare T cells responding to antigens within the assay well. Background IFNγ-positive CD4 T cell frequencies decreased to 0.019% ± 0.028% and CD8 T cells to 0.009% ± 0.013%, which are 19 and 13 times lower, respectively, than without the use of these markers. The presented methodology enables highly sensitive monitoring of T-cell responses to tumor-associated antigens in the very low, but clinically relevant, frequencies.
Strong asymmetric stresses arc-induced in pre-annealed nitrogen-doped fibres

Long-period gratings were written using arc discharges in pristine nitrogen doped fibres. Comparison of the resulting gratings spectra show that the resonant positions of gratings in fibres pre-annealed at 1050°C for 30 min are shifted towards shorter wavelengths and their coupling strength is considerably higher. The refractive index and residual stress profiles were measured before and after annealing, as well as the two-dimensional stress profiles inside the grating region. Arc discharges induce periodic and strong asymmetric stresses in the fibre core of the pre-annealed nitrogen doped fibre.
Generation mechanism of electrostatic waves in the upstream and shock transition regions of quasi‐parallel shocks

[1] Primarily, one-dimensional full-particle electromagnetic simulations supplemented by a two-dimensional simulation are performed to investigate the excitation processes of electrostatic waves in quasi-parallel shocks. The characteristic waves are ion acoustic, ion beam-mode, and upper-hybrid waves. In the upstream region, only ion beam-mode electrostatic waves are excited by the reflected ion beam running almost parallel to the ambient magnetic field. We find that the ion beam-mode waves evolve into electrostatic solitary waves (ESW) for an appropriate ion beam velocity. The evolution of the ion beam-mode to ESW is most clearly observed in the simulation when the ambient magnetic field is taken to be parallel to the ion beam direction. We confirm that the ion beam-mode waves are excited only in the direction parallel to the ambient magnetic field. In the shock transition region (STR) the simulation results show that upper-hybrid waves are excited on the upstream side of the STR by the reflected ion beam running almost perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. In the STR region a large-amplitude and quasi-monochromatic oblique whistler wave is also excited. On the downstream side of the STR, ion acoustic waves are excited. The mechanism of the excitation of the ion acoustic wave is the current-driven instability. This instability is generated by the velocity difference between ions and electrons due to electron acceleration in the shock potential. Of these three types of waves, the ion acoustic waves scatter electrons most effectively and contribute to the electron heating processes in the shock region.
Combined Effects of Radiation and Natural Convection in a Square Cavity Submitted to Two Combined Modes of Cross Gradients of Temperature

The present article reports numerical results of natural convection and surface radiation within a square cavity filled with air and submitted to discrete heating and cooling from all its walls. The thermally active elements are centrally located on the walls of the cavity. Two heating modes are considered: in the first mode, named VB heating mode, the cavity is heated discreetly on the left vertical and bottom horizontal walls, while in the second mode, named VT heating mode, the left vertical and top horizontal walls of the cavity are heated. The remaining portions of the walls, other than those cooled, are considered adiabatic. The parameters governing the problem are the emissivity of the walls (0 ≤ ϵ ≤ 1), the relative lengths of the active elements ( ), and the Rayleigh number (104 ≤ Ra ≤ 107). The effect of these parameters on heat transfer and fluid flow within the cavity is examined. Results of the study are presented and compared to those of pure natural convection (ϵ = 0) for various typical combinations of the governing parameters in terms of flow and temperature patterns, average convective, radiative and total Nusselt numbers, and heatlines visualization. The heat transfer across the cavity was found to enhance notably with the active wall emissivity, while the effect of the insulated wall emissivity was insignificant. The contribution of radiation to the total heat transfer is generally not negligible for ϵ ≥ 0.5. It was demonstrated that the VB heating mode acts such that the flow circulation is importantly intensified engendering, consequently, high values of the Nusselt number. In contrast, the VT heating mode leads to a slowdown of the fluid flow motion and, therefore, to a weaker convective heat transfer.
In vivo nanomechanical imaging of blood-vessel tissues directly in living mammals using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is difficult to achieve in living mammals but is necessary for understanding mechanical properties of tissues in their native form in organisms. Here we report in vivo nanomechanical imaging of blood-vessel tissues directly in living mammalians by AFM combined with surgical operations. Nanomechanical heterogeneity of blood vessels is observed across the diverse microenvironments of the same tissues in vivo. This method is further used to measure the counteractive nanomechanical changes in real time during drug-induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction in vivo, demonstrating appealing potential in characterization of in vivo nanomechanical dynamics of native tissues.