Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long‐term afforestation significantly improves the fertility of abandoned farmland along a soil clay gradient on the Chinese Loess Plateau

In China, almost half of the total land area is degraded, mainly due to the unreasonable use of land for agricultural production. During the past half‐century, afforestation has become a popular management option to remedy degraded soils. In this paper, we studied the long‐term effects of afforestation on the major properties of soils with different textures. We measured the changes in soil physical, chemical, and fertility properties after 10, 20, and 30 years of afforestation with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) on abandoned farmland at five sites on the Loess Plateau, China, which is characterized by a temperate monsoon climate. The soil clay contents varied significantly among sites. The objectives were to understand how long‐term afforestation affects soil properties and whether such effects depend on the soil texture. Averaged across the five sites and the depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm, afforestation resulted in significant increases in the proportion of macroaggregates (+22.5%), saturated hydraulic conductivity (+185.4%), organic matter content (+110.5%), and total nitrogen content (+110.5%) but significant decreases in the proportion of microaggregates (−21.9%) and bulk density (−10.8%). The silt + clay fraction, soil pH, and nitrate content were minimally affected by afforestation. The effects of afforestation were greater at 0–10 cm than at 10–20 cm, but they varied between sites. Furthermore, most soil metrics linearly responded to the time of afforestation, and such responses were dependent on the soil clay content. Our results suggest that long‐term afforestation improves soil fertility better in soils with a clay content of approximately 20%.
The Use of Google Translate and U-Dictionary as Machine Translation for Translating Text: EFL College Student’s Preference and Perceptions

Several studies have investigated the effects of using Google Translate and U-Dictionary on translation products for English as a foreign language (EFL) student. However, students' preferences regarding these two machines’ translation for translating texts in EFL translation classes in Indonesia still seem relatively few and have not been much explored. This research aimed to determine which machine translation EFL college students prefer for translating their text. This study used a qualitative case study approach. In investigating students’ preferences, questionnaires, and in-depth interview were used as data collection tools. Seventeen students were selected by purposive sampling and were administered an online questionnaire. Then, students participated in in-depth interviews and obtained further information from an online questionnaire. We then analyzed the data using two techniques, including frequency counts for quantitative data and qualitative analysis through thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings reveal that students prefer Google Translate over U-Dictionary for three reasons. First, they consider Google Translate as a complete machine translation with various features that help them translate text. Second, Google Translate increases student's knowledge of new vocabulary. Third, Google Translate makes the translation process more accessible for students. It is so easy to access. However, U-Dictionary also received high marks because students felt more confident in the accuracy of the U-Dictionary translation results. Therefore, it is believed that combining these two machines’ translations will make the student's translation process more accessible
Linking wastes and climate change: Bandwagoning, contention, and global governance

In the light of long‐standing waste activist involvement in global climate negotiations, and the waste industry's condemnation of the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, this review examines the links between wastes and climate change as global problems. It describes the main technological and policy responses in utilizing waste and waste management to combat climate change—and the main sources of contention. Next, it scales up to the global level, demonstrating how waste‐climate linkages have entered the broader arena of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and associated agreements and organizations. This review incorporates the theoretical literature in the field of global environmental politics that can be brought to bear on this complex case. It focuses on the literature on linkages across issues and governance regimes, and work on climate “bandwagoning” (Jinnah, 2011)—strategic linkages whereby actors expand their mission to include climate‐oriented goals that might further their own agendas, looking at variants of this behavior that might explain the emerging relationships between global climate and global waste governance and politics.
Effects of Compound Fertilizer Decrement and Water-Soluble Humic Acid Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Bacterial Community Structure, and Shoot Yield in Lei Bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) Plantations in Subtropical China

Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) is an economically viable bamboo species with rich nutrition, a good taste, and a high yield. However, heavy fertilization and covering cultivation are used to produce off-season bamboo shoots, resulting in soil degradation and a decline in site productivity. This study investigated how compound fertilizer decrement and water-soluble humic acid fertilizer application affects soil properties and shoot yield in Lei bamboo plantations of subtropical China. The soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and shoot yield were examined, the bacterial community structure was determined using the high-throughput sequencing method, and their relationships were evaluated under different fertilization treatments: single compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer decrement with water-soluble humic acid fertilizer applications. Compared with those after single compound fertilizer treatments (CF1, CF2), water-soluble humic acid fertilizer addition (CF2HA1, CF2HA2) increased soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (AP), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents, the ratio of SOC to total nitrogen (C/N), and sucrase and acid phosphatase (Acp) activities, and decreased alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents. The bacterial community phyla comprised 83.62%–86.16% Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi. Water-soluble humic acid fertilizer application also significantly increased yields by over 30%. AP and MBN were important drivers affecting soil bacterial communities, whereas SOC, MBN, and Chloroflexi affected Lei bamboo shoots. Overall, compound fertilizer decrement and water-soluble humic acid fertilizer application shifted the available soil nutrients, sucrase and Acp activity, bacterial community diversity, and shoot yield. An improved understanding of humic acid and the application of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer are of great significance for soil improvement, ecological restoration, and the sustainable management of bamboo forests in the future.
Understanding Hiking Participation and Benefits: Lessons Learned from the First Day Hikes Initiative

Day hiking is consistently ranked as one of the most popular recreation activities in the United States. This popularity is exemplified through the success of the First Day Hikes initiative, a nationwide program lead by America’s State Parks to get more people outdoors enjoying the physical, social, and environmental health benefits associated with nature-based recreation. Despite the widespread popularity of hiking and the specific First Day Hikes program, little is known about hikers and their reasons for participating. In this study, we sought to discover (1) who attends First Day Hikes and what types of hikes to they prefer? , (2) what motivates people to attend a First Day Hike? , and (3) how participants perceive hiking-related benefits after their hiking experience? Data were collected from 1,934 hikers across the three states in two phases (on-site intercept surveys and follow-up web surveys). Results revealed that the majority of the First Day Hike participants tended to be white, highly educated, local residents with previous hiking experience. Approximately 34% of hiking groups included children. Top motivations for hiking were being outside, trying something new, and spending time with others. Following the hike experience, top benefits reported by participants were exploring the natural world and exercising and improving physical health. Benefits and motivations varied slightly by hiking subgroup (e.g., first time hikers, racial/ethnic minorities, groups
Influence of previous groin pain on hip and pelvic instep kick kinematics

ABSTRACT This study analyzed differences in pelvic and hip joint kinematics during maximal instep kicks from two different approach angles in football players with and without previous groin pain (Group C and PGP Group, respectively). Kinematic data were recorded at 500 Hz, from 22 semiprofessional, male football players (age 23 [19–26] years) performing 12 instep kicks from 45° and 60° approach angles. Two-way analysis of variance identified differences between groups, and Cohen’s d determined the magnitude of effect sizes. Foot velocity at impact did not differ significantly between the groups for kicks from the 45° approach angle (P = 0.458, d = 0.13), although both groups slowed significantly at 60° (Group C: P < 0.001, d = 0.87; PGP Group: P < 0.001, d = 0.65). For kicks from the 45° approach angle, numerous significant differences existed between groups in pelvic and hip joint orientations, range of motion and maximal velocities. When kicking from the more acute 60° approach angle, Group C modified multiple aspects of pelvis and hip kinematics, while the PGP Group failed to adapt their technique. During maximal instep, kicking football players with previous groin pain employed different hip and pelvis kinematics to uninjured controls. The kicking kinematics adopted by the PGP group were consistent with aberrant kinetic chain utilization.
Virtual Teams: A Smart Literature Review of Four Decades of Research

The increasing utilization of virtual teams—driven by advancements in information and communication technology and the forces of globalization—has spurred significant growth in both theoretical and empirical research. Based on the smart literature review framework, this study harnesses artificial intelligence techniques, specifically natural language processing and topic modeling, to extensively analyze the trends in virtual team research spanning the last four decades. Analyses of a dataset comprising 2,184 articles from Scopus-indexed journals discern 16 distinct topics, encompassing critical areas such as communication, leadership, and trust. The trajectory of research topics in this field has witnessed increasing diversification over time. Key subjects such as learning, communication, trust, and leadership have consistently maintained their presence among the ten most frequently explored topics. In contrast, emerging areas such as agile development and patient care have recently become some of the most prominent themes. Employing the state-of-the-art topic modeling technique, BERTopic, this study furnishes a comprehensive and dynamic panorama of the evolving landscape within virtual team research.
Comparison of UAS photogrammetric products for tree detection and characterization of coniferous stands

ABSTRACT The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) opens a new era for remote sensing and forest management, which requires accurate and regular quantification of resources. In this study, we propose a comprehensive workflow to detect trees and assess forest attributes in the particular context of coniferous stands in transformation from even-aged to uneven-aged stands, using UAS imagery, from data acquisition to model construction. We implement a local maxima detection to identify the tree tops, based on a fixed-radius moving window in a Canopy Height Model (CHM) and images produced from UAS surveys. To compare the contribution of different photogrammetric products, we analysed the local maxima detected from the CHM, from three image types (individual rectified and ortho-rectified images and ortho-mosaic) and from a combination of both CHM and images. The local maxima detection gave promising results, with low omission and true-positive rates of up to 89.2%. A filtering process of false positives was implemented, using a supervised classification which decreased the false positives up to 2.6%. Based on the local maxima combined with an area-based approach, we constructed models to assess top height (R 2: 83%, root mean square error [RMSE]: 5.7%), number of stems (R 2: 71%, RMSE: 28.3%), basal area (R 2: 70%, RMSE: 16.2%), volume (R 2: 69%, RMSE: 20.1%), and individual tree height (R 2: 70%, RMSE: 7.2%). Despite a suboptimal data acquisition, our simple and flexible method has yielded good results and shows great potential for application.
The Distinct Regulation of the Vitamin D and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors in COVID-19

(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 affects several immune pathways, including the vitamin D (VDR) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathways (AhR). The aim of the study was the evaluation of the VDR and AhR pathways in the blood of COVID-19 patients with regard to the severity of disease. (2) Methods: Observational, single-center, case–control design. A total of 240 samples were selected for exploration. Patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 but suffered from other respiratory infections (ORIs) served as a control group. (3) Results: VDR-specific mRNA in the blood of patients with mild symptoms (131.2 ± 198.6) was significantly upregulated relative to the VDR expression of the ORI group (23.24 ± 42.60; p < 0.0001); however, VDR expression of critically ill patients showed an impaired upregulation (54.73 ± 68.34; p < 0.001). CYP27B1 expression was not significantly regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was a downregulation of VDR and CYP27B1 compared to survivors. There was no significant difference in 25(OH)-vitamin D3 levels between critically ill patients with regard to survival (24.3 ± 9.4 vs. 27.1 ± 11.3; p = 0.433). (4) Conclusion: The VDR and AhR pathways are distinctively regulated in patients suffering from COVID-19 depending on the severity of disease. A combination treatment of antiviral drugs and vitamin D substitution should be evaluated for potentially improved prognosis in COVID-19.
Prognostic Insights into Congenital Solitary Functioning Kidneys among the Turkish Pediatric Population: A Comparative Study of Renal Agenesis and Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Disease

Objective: Our study aims to assess the outcomes of solitary functioning kidneys (SFKs) resulting from unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in order to identify the factors influencing kidney damage in these patients and to elucidate the potential contrasts between these two conditions. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzes 154 pediatric patients (ages 0-18) with SFK treated at a tertiary center in Türkiye. Results: Among the 154 SFK patients, 91 are male, 74 were diagnosed with MCDK, and 80 with URA. The median age is one month at diagnosis and 69.5 months at the last follow-up. Most MCDK cases were identified antenatally, while URA was most commonly detected incidentally. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in the functioning kidney were identified in 21.6% of MCDK patients and 7.5% of URA patients, with a significantly higher occurrence in MCDK patients (p = 0.012). Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) was the most prevalent CAKUT, occurring in 45% of patients. A low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was observed in 12.4% of patients, and 15% exhibited signs of renal damage. No significant disparity was found in low GFR or kidney damage between MCDK and URA patients. Those with a low GFR showed increased rates of hydronephrosis, CAKUT in the functioning kidney, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal scarring, hypoplastic kidneys, proteinuria, and hypertension (HT). Conclusions: The findings underline that CAKUT in the functioning kidney, recurrent UTIs, and renal scarring significantly influence GFR and kidney injury. VCUG is useful in select cases for identifying CAKUT, especially VUR. No significant distinction was observed between MCDK and URA concerning the eventual renal injury.
Determining the Matrilineal Origin of Indonesian Kerinci Duck Breed (Anas platyrhynchos) Based on MT-ND2 Gene Diversity

The Kerinci duck (Anas platyrhynchos), hailing from Jambi Province, represents one of the local duck breeds of Indonesia. This study aimed to ascertain the matrilineal origin of Kerinci ducks through analysis of the mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 2 (MT-ND2) gene. In this pursuit, forward sequences of the MT-ND2 gene (490 bp) were extracted from unsexed Kerinci ducks, totalling forty-eight (48) sequences, procured from blood samples. The findings demonstrated the identification of fifteen (15) distinct haplotypes within the MT-ND2 gene, with corresponding haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (pi) values of 0.74 and 0.003, respectively. The resulting phylogenetic tree unveiled that Kerinci ducks exhibit two matrilineal origins: an Asian and an independent Kerinci lineage. Moreover, most Kerinci ducks were categorised within the H4 group (24 birds) of the Asian lineage. Nevertheless, this study also revealed the existence of an independent Kerinci lineage comprising eight (8) duck haplotypes. In conclusion, the analysis of the MT-ND2 gene underscored the genetic introgression of A. zonorhyncha and A. poecilorhyncha in Kerinci ducks.
Sigmoid Colon Perforation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Due to Tacrolimus-Induced Immunodeficiency: A Case Report

The sigmoid colon is an uncommon site for the origin of primary malignant lymphomas in the GI tract. Additionally, immunosuppressive agents, widely used in treating autoimmune diseases, have been associated with the induction of malignancies, including lymphoproliferative disorders. In this report, we present a rare case of GI perforation suggesting a link between immunosuppressive therapy, particularly tacrolimus treatment, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A 75-year-old female patient presented with abdominal pain to our ER. She had a medical history of polymyositis and interstitial pneumonia, treated with the immunosuppressant tacrolimus. An abdominal CT scan revealed free gas in the abdominal cavity, leading to a diagnosis of GI perforation. The patient exhibited generalized peritonitis and underwent emergency surgery the same day. During surgery, a perforation in the sigmoid colon was identified, and a Hartmann procedure was performed. Postoperative pathology showed CD20+, CD30+, CD5-, CD10-, BCL6+, MUM1+, and MIB-1 LI of 50-60%. The diagnosis of DLBCL was confirmed, classified as EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), in the sigmoid colon, with positive EBER-ISH, LMP-1, and EBNA2 findings. Given her history of immunosuppressant use, she was categorized as having other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA-LPD), according to the WHO Classification of 2017. This case highlights the importance for clinicians to consider the risk of oncogenesis associated with the prolonged use of immunosuppressive agents.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and acute kidney injury

As a new type of anti-tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the prognosis of multiple malignancies. However, renal complications are becoming more frequent. Nephrotoxicity often manifests as acute kidney injury (AKI), and the most common histopathological type is acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN). Based on previous studies of the incidence and potential risk factors for nephrotoxicity, in this review, we describe the mechanism of AKI after ICIs treatment, summarize the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI, and discuss the diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated acute kidney injury (ICI-AKI). In addition, we review the current status of ICIs rechallenge and the therapeutic strategies of ICIs applied in kidney transplant recipients. Finally, we emphasize the importance of collaboration between nephrologists and oncologists to guide the treatment of ICIs and the management of renal complications.
Exploiting the damaging effects of ROS for therapeutic use by deactivating cell-free chromatin: the alchemy of resveratrol and copper

Cell-free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that circulate in blood, or those that are released locally from dying cells, have myriad pathological effects. They can horizontally transfer themselves into healthy cells to induce DNA damage and activate inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. It has been proposed that repeated and lifelong assault on healthy cells by cfChPs may be the underlying cause of ageing and multiple age related disorders including cancer. The damaging effects of cfChPs can be minimized by deactivating them via the medium of ROS generated by admixing the nutraceuticals resveratrol (R) and copper (Cu). The antioxidant R acts as a pro-oxidant in the presence of Cu by its ability to catalyse the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) with the generation of ROS via a Fenton-like reaction which can deactivate extra-cellular cfChPs. This perspective article explores the possibility of using the damaging potential of ROS for therapeutic purposes. It discusses the ability of ROS generating nutraceuticals R-Cu to deactivate the extracellular cfChPs without damaging effects on the genomic DNA. As cfChPs play a key role in activation of various disease associated pathways, R-Cu mediated deactivation of these pathways may open up multiple novel avenues for therapy. These findings have considerable translational implications which deserve further investigation by the way of well-designed randomised clinical trials.
Lesser prairie-chicken management.

T he lesser prairie-chicken is lesser in many respects. It is smaller and less known than its close cousin the greater prairie-chicken. Lessers have finer breast bars than the greater, and fine barring on the back in contrast to a darker more uniform coloration on the back of greaters. Male lessers have orange-red neck sacks (Fig. 1) instead of golden-yellow as with greaters (Fig. 2). They inflate these neck sacks to challenge other males and attract females during breeding. The world's population of lessers occurs in just 5 states: Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Lesser prairie-chickens occupy slightly different habitats in different parts of the range. In Colorado, Kansas, and portions of Oklahoma, lessers occupy sand-sage prairie whereas in New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma, they occur in sand-shinnery oak grasslands. Most populations occur on private grazing and farm lands throughout their range. As a result, private ranch operators have tremendous potential to assist in preserving this valuable game bird species. The sand-sage prairie consists of sand sagebrush and grasses. Species of grasses include little bluestem, switchgrass, sideoats grama, and red threeawn combined with a variety of forbs (Taylor and Guthery 1980). The sand shinnery oak community primarily consists of shinnery oak along with little bluestem, sand bluestem, sand dropseed, sideoats grama, hairy grama, blue grama, buffalograss, and various forbs (Copelin 1963). Although lessers have evolved in an arid environment, they are still subject to erratic fluctuations,