Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic divergence studies in plus trees of Pongamia pinnata (Karanj).

Thirty plus trees of Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) were selected and their progeny was tested in the nursery. Substantial variability was recorded in seed morphological and biochemical traits of selected plus trees. Significant variation was observed in progenies for germination percentage, shoot and root length, collar diameter and seedling biomass. Heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were also moderate to high for 100 seed weight, oil and protein contents, collar diameter, root and shoot length indicating the effectiveness in selection for these characters for developing productive trees. Genetic diversity among these plus trees for important seed and seedling traits using Mahalanobis' D 2 analysis showed grouping of these trees into eight clusters. The clustering pattern indicated that geographical diversity did not have one to one relationship with genetic diversity. Cluster VI was the largest and consisted of seven trees followed by Clusters I and IV with six trees each. Cluster III had only one tree. Intra cluster D 2 values revealed that cluster VIII was most diverse (5.423) followed by cluster IV (4.131), V (4.081), I (3.915) and cluster II (3.831). Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters III and VIII (9.922) followed by between cluster V and VIII (7.085), cluster IV and VIII (6.738) and cluster III and V (6.722)). On the basis of high cluster mean and wide genetic distance, the superior plus trees of cluster III (PT- 19) and cluster V (PT- 8, PT-18. PT-24) may be used as potential parents for P. pinnata tree improvement programme.
An Integrated Metabolomic and Genomic Mining Workflow To Uncover the Biosynthetic Potential of Bacteria

We here combine chemical analysis and genomics to probe for new bioactive secondary metabolites based on their pattern of distribution within bacterial species. We demonstrate the usefulness of this combined approach in a group of marine Gram-negative bacteria closely related to Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, which is a species known to produce a broad spectrum of chemicals. The approach allowed us to identify new antibiotics and their associated biosynthetic pathways. Combining chemical analysis and genetics is an efficient “mining” workflow for identifying diverse pharmaceutical candidates in a broad range of microorganisms and therefore of great use in bioprospecting. ABSTRACT Microorganisms are a rich source of bioactives; however, chemical identification is a major bottleneck. Strategies that can prioritize the most prolific microbial strains and novel compounds are of great interest. Here, we present an integrated approach to evaluate the biosynthetic richness in bacteria and mine the associated chemical diversity. Thirteen strains closely related to Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea isolated from all over the Earth were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics strategy, and metabolomic profiles were correlated with whole-genome sequences of the strains. We found considerable diversity: only 2% of the chemical features and 7% of the biosynthetic genes were common to all strains, while 30% of all features and 24% of the genes were unique to single strains. The list of chemical features was reduced to 50 discriminating features using a genetic algorithm and support vector machines. Features were dereplicated by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) networking to identify molecular families of the same biosynthetic origin, and the associated pathways were probed using comparative genomics. Most of the discriminating features were related to antibacterial compounds, including the thiomarinols that were reported from P. luteoviolacea here for the first time. By comparative genomics, we identified the biosynthetic cluster responsible for the production of the antibiotic indolmycin, which could not be predicted with standard methods. In conclusion, we present an efficient, integrative strategy for elucidating the chemical richness of a given set of bacteria and link the chemistry to biosynthetic genes. IMPORTANCE We here combine chemical analysis and genomics to probe for new bioactive secondary metabolites based on their pattern of distribution within bacterial species. We demonstrate the usefulness of this combined approach in a group of marine Gram-negative bacteria closely related to Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, which is a species known to produce a broad spectrum of chemicals. The approach allowed us to identify new antibiotics and their associated biosynthetic pathways. Combining chemical analysis and genetics is an efficient “mining” workflow for identifying diverse pharmaceutical candidates in a broad range of microorganisms and therefore of great use in bioprospecting.
State Variation in Certifying Manner of Death and Drugs Involved in Drug Intoxication Deaths

National statistics on drug intoxication deaths are based solely on data derived from death certificates. This study examines the variation in the manner of death classification by state, and the specificity of drugs involved in drug intoxication deaths by state and by type of death investigation system. The National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death mortality files (2008–2010) were analyzed. Drug intoxication deaths were those with ICD-10 Underlying Cause of Death of X40-X44 (unintentional), X60-X64 (suicide), X85 (homicide), or Y10-Y14 (undetermined intent). Among drug intoxication deaths, deaths involving non-specified drug(s) were those with Multiple Cause of Death (MCOD) of T50.9, and no MCOD in the range T36-T50.8. State death investigation systems were categorized as follows: centralized state medical examiner offices, county/district medical examiners, hybrid, and decentralized county coroners. In 2008–2010, there was an average of over 37,250 drug intoxication deaths per year in the U.S. The manner was undetermined for 8% for the U.S., ranging from 1% to 85% among the states. During 2008–2010, 75% of the drug intoxication deaths had at least one specific drug reported on the death certificate. States with centralized state medical examiner systems had a higher percent (92%) of drugs specified than did those with other systems. Across the U.S., there is variation in the percent of drug intoxication deaths classified as having undetermined manner of death and with specific drugs identified on death certificates. This variation has significant implications for public health surveillance and for prevention efforts.
Moebius syndrome, narcolepsy and parasomnias: Report on two patients

SummaryThe Moebius syndrome is a rare neurological disorder frequently associated with sleep disorders. Two patients with Moebius syndrome in combination with symptoms of narcolepsy and parasomnias are presented. The clinical diagnosis of the comorbid disorders was confirmed by neither polysomnography nor multiple sleep latency test because the wake EEG was altered, and eye movements could hardly be identified due to the paralysis of the eye muscle. Hypocretin was not assessed because lumbar puncture was not performed. Despite these methodological limitations and some deviations from the definitions of sleep disorders, clinical findings in both patients support previous findings of an association between Moebius syndrome and sleep disorders. For an optimal treatment of patients with Moebius syndrome, it is necessary to elucidate carefully the full spectrum of sleep disorders, especially narcolepsy and parasomnias.ZusammenfassungDas Moebius-Syndrom ist eine seltene neurologische Erkrankung, die häufig mit Schlafstörungen einhergeht. Wir berichten über zwei Patienten mit Moebius-Syndrom, die zusätzlich die klinischen Symptome einer Narkolepsie und Parasomnie aufwiesen. Die klinische Diagnose der komorbiden Störungen konnte nicht durch Polysomnographie und Multiplen Schlaflatenztest gestützt werden, da das Wach-EEG verändert war und durch die Augenmuskellähmung bedingt keine Augenbewegungen registriert werden konnten. Hypocretin konnte nicht bestimmt werden, da keine Lumbalpunktion durchgeführt wurde. Unabhängig von den methodischen Schwierigkeiten und einigen Abweichungen von den Definitionen der Schlafstörungen unterstützen die klinischen Befunde beider Patienten den bereits zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt nachgewiesenen Zusammenhang zwischen Moebius-Syndrom und Schlafstörungen. Zur optimalen Behandlung von Patienten mit Moebius-Syndrom sollte das Spektrum der Schlafstörungen, insbesondere der Narkolepsie und Parasomnien, sorgfältig erfragt werden.
The Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Treatment for Insomnia

Background: Insomnia affects an estimated 7.5 to 40% of the general population, and commonly results in severe health and socio-economic functioning deficits. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the effects of aerobic exercise on insomnia. Method: The Cochrane library, PubMed, and PEDro databases were searched from 1990 to 2013 for randomised controlled trials published in English. The keywords were: insomnia, aerobic exercise, aerobic training, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sleep diary and polysomnography. Participants were aged 18 and older, with insomnia complaints, symptoms and/or disorders. Outcome measures were: Sleep quality, sleep onset latency and sleep duration. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Data showed that aerobic exercise in insomniac individuals resulted in significant improvements in sleep quality (45-66%); sleep onset latency (27-59%); and sleep duration (13-73%). Conclusion: There is moderate evidence that aerobic exercise is as an effective treatment alternative for insomnia. The Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise Treatment for Insomnia: A Literature Review
Relation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Progression

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products in patients suffering from different stages primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and complications of glaucoma progression. Forty five patients suffering from POAG classified into three stages; mild, moderate and advanced as well as fifteen healthy "non- diabetic subjects" (age and sex matched healthy controls) were selected from the outpatient clinic in the Research Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO) Giza Egypt.nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), α-tocopherol (vitamin E), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were estimated in all studied groups. A significant increase in MDA, NO and AGEs levels was detected in mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma compared to control, also significant decreases in vitamin C, vitamin E, GSH, and SOD activities were found in mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma compared to control. No significant change was found in catalase activity in all groups compared to control. Statistical significant positive correlations were found between intra ocular pressure (IOP) and disease severity. this study clearly demonstrated increased accumulation of AGEs, lipid peroxidation products along with impairment of the antioxidant status in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. We suggest that AGEs measurement could be used as a diagnostic marker in primary screening programs for diagnosis and prediction of the development and progression of glaucoma.
Emergency Cesarean Section for Teenagers at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YOTH), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Frequency, Indications, Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis

Objective: To study emergency cesarean section in teenagers with the goal of reducing morbidity and maternal-fetal mortality. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective collection of data on 248 cases collected from July 1st to December 31st, 2016. Results: The incidence of cesarean section in teenagers was 56.4%. The average age was 18 ± 0.4 years old. The vast majority were primiparous (92.7%). The main indications for emergency Caesarean section were: pre-eclampsia and its complications (20.2%), acute fetal distress (18.5), pre-rupture syndrome (14.1%) and bone dystocia (11.7%). The maternal mortality rate was 1.6% and perinatal mortality was 134 per 1000 live births. Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section is high at Yalgado OUeDRAOGO Teaching Hospital of Ouagadougou. Postoperative complications are sometimes serious and compromise the maternal and fetal outcome. There is a need for increased surveillance of all pregnant and recently delivered women to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in teenagers.
Driving While Stoned: Issues and Policy Options

Abstract THC is the most commonly detected intoxicant in US drivers, with approximately 13 % of drivers testing positive for marijuana use, compared to the 8 % that show a measurable amount of alcohol . Because cannabis use remains detectable for much longer than alcohol, and also for long after the driver is no longer impaired, the difference in rates does not show that stoned driving is more common than drunk driving. Nonetheless, cannabis intoxication while driving is on the rise and has been shown to impair reaction time and visual-spatial judgment. Many states, including those where cannabis sales are now permitted by state law, have laws against cannabis-impaired driving based on the drunk-driving model, defining criminally intoxicated driving as driving with more than a threshold amount of intoxicant in one’s bloodstream—a per se standard—as opposed to actual impairment. That approach neglects crucial differences between alcohol and cannabis in their detectability, their pharmacokinetics, and their impact on highway safety. Cannabis intoxication is more difficult to reliably detect chemically than alcohol intoxication. A breath alcohol test is (1) cheap and reliable; (2) sufficiently simple and non-invasive to administer at the roadside; and (3) a good proxy for alcohol in the brain, which in turn is (4) a good proxy for subjective intoxication and for measurable driving impairment. In addition, (5) the dose-effect curve linking blood alcohol to fatality risk is well-established and steep. None of those things is true for cannabis. A breath test remains to be developed. Oral-fluid testing can demonstrate recent use but not the level of impairment. A blood test requires a trained phlebotomist and therefore a trip to a medical facility, and blood THC levels drop very sharply over time-periods measured in minutes. Blood THC is not a good proxy either for recency of use or for impairment, and the dose-effect curve for fatality risk remains a matter of sharp controversy. The maximum risk for cannabis intoxication alone, unmixed with alcohol or other drugs, appears to be more comparable to risks such as talking on a hands-free cellphone (legal in all states) than to driving with a BAC above 0.08, let alone the rapidly-rising risks at higher BACs. Moreover, the lipid-solubility of THC means that a frequent cannabis user will always have measurable THC in his or her blood, even when that person has not used recently and is neither subjectively intoxicated nor objectively impaired. That suggests criminalizing only combination use, while treating driving under the influence of cannabis (however this is to be proven) as a traffic offense, like speeding.
Renal Artery Morphology and Anatomical Variations among Sudanese Subjects

The objectives of this study were to determine the level of origin of the renal artery on both sides of the body, to describe its course and branching pattern on both sides, and to detect the Supernumerary renal arteries (SRA) and their course. Both cadaveric and radiological descriptive studies were conducted from July 2015 to July 2016.The morphology and variations of the renal arteries were documented in 50 formalin fixed cadavers that were dissected in different faculties of medicine in Khartoum state. This was followed by assessment of 150 computerized tomography angiographies of the renal transplant donors who presented to three major transplant centers in Khartoum in the period between 2012 and 2015.The most common vertebral level of origin off the aorta was between the first and second lumbar segments. A supernumerary renal artery was detected in 25.5% and it was the most common anatomical variation. This was followed by early prehilar bifurcation in 6.5%. Supernumerary renal arteries were commonly hilar and lower polar, and they were more frequent in males. Bilateral supernumerary arteries were found in 4% of cases. The most common anatomical variation of the renal artery was supernumerary renal artery. Keywords: Renal artery, supernumerary, anatomical variations
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS INFLUENCING EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF METHOTREXATE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Objective: This review will summarize pharmacogenetic studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding enzymes of methotrexate (MTX) pathway, related to its response and toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, this review focuses on the racial and ethnic differences in distribution of the polymorphisms in genes related to efficacy and toxicity of MTX in RA. Methods: Articles were searched using Pubmed database using the search term “pharmacogenetics and MTX and arthritis. ” The search revealed 72 articles, of which 27 were given special importance, due to open-access. Results: Many genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms are investigated in this context, and the highlighting genes are ATP-binding cassette proteins (ABCB1) reduced folate carrier (RFC), methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), serine hydroxyl methyltransferase (SHMT), 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotidetransformylase (ATIC), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methionine synthase (MS), adenosine monophosphate deaminase1 (AMPD1), inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA). The study highlighted RFC-1 80AA, ITPA 94CC, and AMPD1 347CC as responders. The allelic types prone to toxicity were MTHFR 677TT, MTRR 2756AA, MS 66GG, SHMT 1420CC, ATIC 347GG, and thymidylate synthase *3/*2. The genotypes reported as non-responders were ABCB1 3434TT, MTHFR 1298AA, DHFR A317G, GGH 16CC, and GGH 401TT. Conclusion: Although these studies highlight inconsistency in results, due to the difference in sample size and assessment parameters and racial and ethnic differences, larger prospective studies are essential to reach the cornerstone of the concept of personalized medicine.
Up-regulation of Mismatch Repair Pathway by Suicide Gene Therapy: Implications on the use of Temozolomide Treatment in Malignant Glioma

Objective: The dependency of the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) on cellular DNA repair activities makes it therapeutically effective in approximately half of malignant glioma (MG) patient population with a dysfunctional DNA repair system. Adenovirus-mediated Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and ganciclovir (AdHSV-tk/GCV) suicide gene therapy is effective in those as well as in MG patients with a functional DNA repair system. When administered together, these two therapies show evidence of synergistic cytotoxicity. However, the validity of such claims has been questioned as the exact mechanism has been unknown. Methods: The underlying mechanism was studied in rat and human MG cell lines and in an immunocompetent, orthotopic, syngeneic rat MG model. Results: The results, for the first time, revealed an up-regulation of mismatch repair (MMR) pathway in MG cells by AdHSV-tk/GCV therapy, an adjunct effect to AdHSV-tk/GCV’s pro-apoptotic therapeutic mode of action that enhanced the cytotoxicity of TMZ. When combined with AdHSV-tk/GCV therapy, initially resistant MG cells were sensitized to TMZ treatment. The enhancement of TMZ’s efficacy was also seen in vivo as a significant increase in survival and a reduction in tumor growth rate, without affecting the adverse effect profile. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a synergistic outcome of AdHSV-tk/GCV and TMZ treatment combination, underlying mechanism for the synergy and a possible improved therapeutic protocol for enhanced efficacy. The findings may have an impact on future clinical use of this treatment combination, as well as benefit other chemotherapies, which depend on MMR pathway for action.
Evaluation of lead poisoning in Opium Consumers in Mashhad, Iran, 2016Evaluation of Lead Poisoning in Opium Consumers

Background: Because opium is mixed with lead to increase its weight, the prevalence of lead poisoning is high among opium consumers. Hence, measurement of serum lead level in these people is important for the prevention or early treatment of lead poisoning. To evaluate the blood lead level in opium consumers. Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, a total of 214 opium consumers with lead poisoning referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, in 2016, were evaluated. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Covanta Energy, GB) was used to measure the lead level of the blood samples. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 43.11(18.14) year, also their average (SD) blood lead level was 139.5(48.5) µg/dL. No relationship was found between the blood lead level and age in the participants (P=0.11). The number of male participants was significantly higher than females in this study (92.5% vs. 7.5%). Also about 129(60.3%) participants consumed opium orally and 85(39.7%) ones used opium by inhalation. Conclusion: The blood lead level is higher than the acceptable limit in opium addicts, and the risk of lead poisoning should be considered among them, especially in oral consumers.
Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using soft tissue interference screw fixation

An anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction technique has been reported to have better or at least similar results than a single-bundle technique in many randomized controlled trials. However, most of these studies have used cortical fixation for the graft fixation, which may not be as anatomic as the aperture fixation. Already 15 years ago we started to perform a double-bundle ACL reconstruction with aperture fixation using bioabsorbable interference screws, and started a prospective, randomized study comparing this technique to a single-bundle technique for ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this review is to introduce the technique and results of the anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction with bioabsorbable interference screw fixation comparing to the single-bundle ACL reconstruction with interference screw fixation. According to our prospective, randomized trial, the anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction with bioabsorbable interference screw fixation resulted in significantly better clinical results than the single-bundle ACL reconstruction during the 10-year follow-up. At the beginning, rotational stability was better with the double-bundle technique, and during the years fewer graft failures leading to ACL revision surgery was found with the double-bundle procedure. The double-bundle ACL reconstruction is stronger and more durable than the single-bundle ACL reconstruction even at the 10-year follow-up. The bioabsorbable interference screws used for the graft fixation seem to absorb totally in 2 to 5 years, and are replaced by bone after they have absorbed. No adverse effects related to these screws were found during the 10-year follow-up.