Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1‐HydroxyPGE1 reduces infarction volume in mouse transient cerebral ischemia

Differential neurological outcomes due to prostaglandin E2 activating G‐protein‐coupled prostaglandin E (EP) receptors have been observed. Here, we investigated the action of the EP4/EP3 agonist 1‐hydroxyPGE1 (1‐OHPGE1) in modulating transient ischemic brain damage. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated 50 min before transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery with an intraventricular injection of 1‐OHPGE1 (0.1, 0.2, 2.0 nmol/0.2 µL). Brain damage 4 days after reperfusion, as estimated by infarct volume, was significantly reduced by more than 19% with 1‐OHPGE1 in the two higher‐dose groups (P < 0.05). To further address whether protection also was extended to neurons, primary mouse cultured neuronal cells were exposed to N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate. Co‐treatment with 1‐OHPGE1 resulted in significant neuroprotection (P < 0.05). To better understand potential mechanisms of action and to test whether changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and downstream signaling would be neuroprotective, we measured cAMP levels in primary neuronal cells. Brief exposure to 1‐OHPGE1 increased cAMP levels more than twofold and increased the phosphorylation of extracellular‐regulated kinases at positions Thr‐202/Tyr‐204. In a separate cohort of animals, 1‐OHPGE1 at all doses tested produced no significant effect on the physiological parameters of core body temperature, mean arterial pressure and relative cerebral blood flow observed following drug treatment. Together, these results suggest that modulation of PGE2 receptors that increase cAMP levels and activate extracellular‐regulated kinases 1/2 caused by treatment with 1‐OHPGE1 can be protective against neuronal injury induced by focal ischemia.
Obesity, osteoporosis and bone metabolism

Obesity and osteoporosis have become major global health problems over the last decades as their prevalence is increasing. The interaction between obesity and bone metabolism is complex and not fully understood. Historically, obesity was thought to be protective against osteoporosis;however, several studies have challenged this belief. Even though the majority of the studies suggest that obesity has a favourable effect on bone density, it is unclear what the effect of obesity is on skeletal microarchitecture. Additionally, the effects of obesity on skeletal strength might be site-dependent as obese individuals are at higher risk of certain fractures. Several mechanical, biochemical and hormonal mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between the adipose tissue and bone. Mechanical loading has positive effects on bone health, but this may not suffice in obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation is probably harmful to the bone and increased bone marrow adipogenesis may lead to decreased bone mass in obese individuals. Finally, visceral abdominal fat may exert different actions to the bone compared with the subcutaneous fat. Achieving a better understanding of the association between adipose and bone tissue may help to identify new molecular therapeutic targets that will promote osteoblastic activity and/or inhibit adipogenesis and osteoclastic activity.
Aedeagal length and its variation of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), which recently invaded Egypt

The aedeagal length, body size and number of pecten setae of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, in Egypt were measured and compared with the sympatric species, B. dorsalis and B. correcta in Thailand. The body size of B. zonata was intermediate between B. dorsalis and B. correcta, with some overlap at each end. Aedeagal length of B. zonata was also intermediate between B. dorsalis and B. correcta, with no overlap. These results indicate that the 3 sympatric species can be distinguished by measurement of the aedeagal length. Because B. zonata recently invaded Egypt, it was expected that variability of morphological traits of this population would be smaller than what might be found in an indigenous Bactrocera population. However, coefficients of variation (CV) for body size, aedeagal length and number of pecten setae were similar to those for an indigenous population of B. correcta, indicating that the founder B. zonata population in Egypt had already acquired significant variation in these traits despite having passed through a presumed bottleneck situation. It was remarkable that the CV for aedeagal length was less than one half that for other traits, supporting the notion of stabilizing selection.
Randomised Controlled Trial of an Online Version of Compassion Mind Training in a Nonclinical Sample

Compassion Mind Training (CMT) is a therapeutic approach to guide highly self-critical individuals to generate compassion. The goal was to probe the efficacy of a short-term, online version of the CMT on self-compassion and self-criticism in a non-clinical population. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with pre-, post-measurements and two-month follow-up. Out of 144 randomly allocated participants 26 and 20 of those allocated to the intervention and control groups, respectively, completed the follow-up measures. The intervention group was instructed through email to practice a different CMT exercise every day for 13 consecutive days. There was a significant effect of the intervention on self-criticism, especially Hated-self and the Self-uncompassionate responding. The CMT group reported a reduction in negative thoughts and feelings with effects present at the two-month follow-up. There was no significant effect of the intervention on self-reassurance and self-compassion. Self-criticism is amenable to change following a short-term online intervention of CMT delivered to a non-clinical population with effects lasting at least two months. These findings are promising and suggest that interventions designed to reduce self-criticism can be provided to broader populations without direct involvement of mental health professionals.
Settling for a Citizen? H-1B Visas and the Marriage Choices of International Students in the United States

For foreign nationals on temporary visas, marrying a U.S. citizen provides permanent access to the U.S. labor market, and drastically reduces the wait time for becoming a U.S. citizen. I use data on foreign doctoral graduates in the U.S. to investigate the impact of changes in visa restrictions on the likelihood of marriage to a U.S. citizen. I exploit a severe and unexpected drop in the numerical limit of H-1B visas in 2004, followed by an expansion in 2006, and the fact that citizens from five countries had access to alternative work visas not subject to these caps. This natural experiment permits me to compare marriage rates of temporary resident Ph.D. graduates from countries with and without alternative visas, before and after the policy changes. I find that foreign-born graduates are highly sensitive to changes in visa availability. Those graduating after the drop were 18 percentage points more likely to marry a U.S. citizen if they did not have access to alternative work visas. The expansion in 2006 led to a corresponding 26.5 percentage point decrease in the rate of those married to a U.S. citizen. Furthermore, the distribution of those married to a citizen shifted toward graduates from top programs, and away from lower ranked ones. JEL No. F22, J12, J61
Morpho-histochemistry of the distal intestines and rectum of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).

The morphology of the farmed African catfish distal intestines and rectum was investigated. The samples were dissected out and the tissue slices were passed through graded ethanol, cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned and stained for light microscopy. Grossly, the intestine was subdivided into proximal, middle, distal and rectal regions based on palpable thickness and diameter of the regions. No intestino-rectal valve was observed; hence the rectum was not well defined. The histology revealed the presence of tunica mucosa of simple columnar cells, lamina propria of collagen fibres and muscularis mucosae of smooth muscle fibres; submucosa of loose connective tissues and blood vessels; tunica muscularis of smooth muscles in an inner circular and outer longitudinal arrangement; and a serosa in all regions except the rectum and anus that presented tunica adventitia. The mucosal folds were fingerlike to orange leaf shaped ingrowths into the lumen on a transverse section. They decreased in complexity and height but increased in width towards the rectum. The lining epithelium of the intestinal tract was comprised of the absorptive simple columnar cells containing goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Some rectal simple columnar epithelium contained supranuclear vacuoles while others contained non-vacuolated cytoplasm. The goblet cells contained neutral and acid mucins, and increased in number progressively towards the rectum. The anal tunica muscularis contained mostly skeletal muscles.
Nature as a treasure trove of potential anti-SARS-CoV drug leads: a structural/mechanistic rationale

The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a potential factor for fatal illness and a tremendous concern for global public health. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. In the context of drug discovery, the structurally-unique and chemically-diverse natural products have been valuable sources for drug leads. In this review, we report for potential candidates derived from natural sources with well-reported in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV during the last decade. Additionally, a library of 496 phenolic metabolites was subjected to a computer-aided virtual screening against the active site of the recently reported SARS-CoV Main protease (Mpro). Analysis of physicochemical properties of these natural products has been carried out and presented for all the tested phenolic metabolites. Only three of the top candidates, viz. acetylglucopetunidin (31), isoxanthohumol (32) and ellagic acid (33), which are widely available in many edible fruits, obey both Lipinski's and Veber's rules of drug-likeness and thus possess high degrees of predicted bioavailability. These natural products are suggested as potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics in the near future.
Analysis of Reef Fish Target Strength through Ex-Situ Measurement Using Acoustic Methods

The application of the acoustic method has been a common method to estimate the pelagic fish density. However, it has not been widely used in estimating the abundance of reef fish. Having high diversity, reef fish are difficult to be estimated using acoustic which it is needed to know the acoustical characteristic of each reef fish. This research was aimed at analyzing the backscattering characteristics of dominant fish composing of Abudefduf saxatilis, Chaetodon trifasciatus, Ctenochaetus striatus, Halichoeres hortulanus, and Scolopsis lineatus in Tikus Island, Bengkulu Province, and analyzing the relationship between the fish length and target strength (TS) values using two different frequencies (38 kHz and 200 kHz). The tethered method was used to measure TS value through ex-situ measurement. Simrad EY-60 (38 kHz) and Simrad EK-15 (200 kHz) were used in this research. Acoustical data were analyzed using Echoview 8 and statistical data were analyzed using Minitab. The results show that the averages of TS in all frequencies are not significantly different to all reef fish. The relationship between standard length and the average of TS are significant. The model relationship between TS and standard length points out a significant relation at all frequencies. Nonetheless, the discrepancy of the relationship between TS and square of fish length is found.
Seroprevalence and Public Health Significance of Small Ruminant Brucellosis at Two Districts of Dollo Zone in Ethiopian Somali Regional State

A cross-sectional study was conducted on small ruminants in two selected districts of Dollo zone of the Somali region of Ethiopia, in an attempt to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and identify potential risk factors. A total of 384 serum samples (181 from sheep and 203 from goat) were collected from those small ruminants that were kept in extensive management system and that have no history of vaccination. All serum samples were initially screened by Modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) and positive reactors to mRBPT were further tested by Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for confirmation. Accordingly, the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and in sheep was found to be 1.97 and 1.1%, respectively. Comparison of seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis was carried out for species, age groups and sex of the study animals. Although the seroprevalence was higher in goats than sheep, in females as compared to males and in adult small ruminants than young ones, no statistically significant difference (P >0.05) of small ruminant brucellosis was observed among species, sex as well as age groups. In conclusion, this study revealed the presence of small ruminant brucellosis in the study area which can have a high possibility of spreading in the future. Hence, well organized disease prevention and control methods should be implemented to reduce the risk posed by the disease. In addition, public health education should be provided for improving the awareness of the pastoral community towards the disease.
A CRITICAL REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF APPLYING SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (SVOCS) AS A GEOCHEMICAL TRACER TO INDICATE TSUNAMI

Tsunamis symbolize one of the most harmful natural disasters for low-lying coastal zones and their residents, due to both its destructive power and irregularity. The 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, which attack the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand, resulted 5,395 of deaths and inestimable casualties, interrupted economies and social well-being in numerous coastal villages and caused in extreme alterations of both onshore and offshore coastal morphology. The Great Indian Ocean tsunami also highlighted that there are many missing jigsaw puzzle pieces in scientific knowledge, starting from the generating of tsunamis offshore to the countless influences to the marine ecosystems on the continental shelf, coastal areas and on land and to the economic and social systems consequences. As with all deposits that do not have a direct physical link to their causative sources, marine tsunami deposits must be distinguished from other deposits through regional correlation, dating and criteria for recognition within the deposits themselves. This study aims to provide comprehensive reviews on using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a chemical proxy to discriminate tsunami related Vol. 32, No. 4, page 236 (2013) deposits from typical marine sediments. The advantages and disadvantages of this chemical tracer will be critically reviewed and further discussed.
The impact of the PARPA II in promoting the agricultural sector in rural Mozambique

This paper evaluates whether the PARPA II goal of increasing agricultural production and productivity through the promotion of agrarian services has been achieved. The results are drawn from six nationally representative surveys from rural Mozambique. Various factors suggest that PARPA II failed to increase agricultural production and productivity and thus reduce poverty. The variation in maize production is mostly explained by variation in rainfall patterns across agricultural seasons, and not by technological progress or adoption of better cropping practices. Poverty reduction strategy plans should promote agro-processing and diversification of both offfarm activities and crops. In order to increase agricultural productivity, access to improved agricultural technologies should be increased and more investments should be made in irrigation and water conservation technologies. JEL Classification: O55; I38; R28; Q12.
TRADITIONAL PROCESSING, MICROBIOLOGICAL, PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF KWETE, A UGANDAN FERMENTED MAIZE BASED BEVERAGE

A survey was conducted to document the production methods of Kwete , a Ugandan fermented beverage in selected divisions in Kampala districts, Uganda. Microbial numbers in raw materials and during fermentation were enumerated using standard methods. Changes in selected physiochemical parameters: pH, titratable acidity (TA), ethanol and total soluble solids (TSS) were monitored at 24-hrs interval during 72hrs fermentation. Organoleptic properties of Kwete were also solicited from the producers. Similarities in raw material preparation and production techniques for Kwete were observed among the producers. Kwete was mainly produced from a mixture of maize and malted millet flour. All producers fermented the maize flours to produce raw sourdough for 24 hrs and roasted it before Kwete production. Fermentation was carried at ambient temperature in metallic drums. The duration of fermentation varied between 24 and 72 hrs. Most households (80%) consumed Kwete within 24-48 hrs of fermentation. Coliforms, Yeasts and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) numbers in maize flour and roasted sourdough varied between 1.59 and 5.24 log cfu -1 . Yeasts and LAB numbers in raw sourdough and malted millet flour varied between 4.48 and 8.45 log cfu -1 . No coliforms were detectable in raw sourdough. LAB numbers increased from 5.31 to 7.36 log cfu -1 during fermentation. Yeasts increased from 4.44 to 5.60 log cfu -1 . Coliforms disappeared within 24 hrs of fermentation. The pH of maize flour dropped from pH 6.1 to 4.1 during sourdough production but increased to 4.89 during paste preparation. The final pH attained after 72 hrs of fermentation was 3.35. The TA increased from 0.84 to 1.43 % lactic acid. The TSS decreased from 9.02 to 5.87 o Brix. Ethanol content in Kwete increased from 4.85 to 13.30 % v/ v during fermentation. The various phases in Kwete production contribute significantly to the microorganisms involved in the fermentation. The high microbial numbers in added malted millet flour indicated that it is an important source of fermentation microorganisms during Kwete production.
A theoretical contribution from the perspective of innovation process in wine tourism contexts

The innovation process, and its application to tourism, has been gradually gaining ground in the academic community as a field of study. Similarly, in recent decades, tourism has received greater attention from researchers in various sciences, varying only by the different emphases considered: economic, social, cultural and environmental. This increased attention must be welcomed, as innovation research represents a meaningful and valuable way of understanding the economic dynamics of the tourism industry, and deeper insights will be helpful for the industry and policy makers alike. The purpose of this article is to identify literature on special interest tourism innovation, in particular from the perspective of wine tourism. In order to structure the sometimes unclear use of the innovation process (in tourism research), the article will present closely to primary classical innovation and entrepreneurship issues. This is a conceptual perspective that brings together the major components of innovation process and its implications in special interest tourism perspective We also consider some of the implications for management, as well as suggestions for future lines of research. This article concludes by drawing attention to the challenging research needs.
Character Education Values in Ketoprak Manuscripts Rembulan Wungu and Pedhut Jatisrana by Bondan Nusantara

Nowadays, character education is necessary to control and to cultivate teenagers’ character especially in education. It is important to implement the character education value due to the number of cases where teenagers especially students whose behaviour has deviated from the norms and become cause of concern. Character education can be in the form of literature such as Ketoprak. This study aim to desribe and explain the character education values found in Ketoprak manuscript entitled Rembulan Wungu and Pedhut Jatisrana by Bondan Nusantara. This study was a descriptive-qualitative research which used content analysis method. The data was taken from content analysis of Rembulan Wungu and Pedhut Jatisrana by Bondan Nusantara. The results showed that there were number of examples which contained character education values in both manuscript such as curiousity, honesty, hardwork, nationalism, peace loving, care for society, patriotism, tolerance, care for environment, discipline, and religiosity. Character education values that identify the character values of culture Java. It is hoped that these manuscripts are able to become the delivery media and application of character education values for teenager especially in education.
Effects of Dietary β-1,3 Glucan and Feed Stimulants in Juvenile Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

— The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of β-1,3 glucan and a laboratory developed feed stimulant, BAISM, as feed additives for juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eight experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric and to contain 50.0% crude protein and 16.4 kJ of available energy/g with or without dietary β-1,3 glucan and BAISM supplementation. β-1,3 glucan (G) and BAISM (B) were provided at 0% in the control diet (G0B0) and at 0.05% G + 0.45% B (G0.05B0.45), 0.05% G + 0.95% B (G0.05B0.95), 0.1% G + 0.90% B (G0.1B0.9), 0.10% G + 1.90% B (G0.1B1.9), 0.15% G + 1.35% B (G0.15B1.35), 0.15% G + 2.85% B (G0.15B2.85), and 0.30% G + 2.70% B (G0.3B2.7) in experimental diets. After the feeding trial, fish fed G0.1B0. 9, G0.1B1. 9, and G0.15B1.35 diets had higher percent weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and condition factor (CF) than those fed G0B0, G0.05B0.45, G0.05B0.95, G0.15B2.85, and G0.3B2. 7 diets (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant differences among fish fed G0.1B0. 9, G0.1B1. 9, and G0.15B1.35 diets. Fish fed G0.1B0. 9 and G0.1B1. 9 diets had higher chemiluminescent responses (CL) than those fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity of fish fed G0.1B0. 9 diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the optimum dietary supplementation level of β-1,3 glucan and BAISM could be approximately 0.10% β-1,3 glucan + 0.90% BAISM (G0.1B0.9) of diet based on WG, FER, SGR, PER, CF, CL, and lysozyme activity in juvenile olive flounder, P. olivaceus.
A transgenerational interval timer inhibits unseasonal sexual morph production in damson‐hop aphid, Phorodon humuli

Abstract The induction of sexual and parthenogenetic morphs of the damson‐hop aphid, Phorodon humuli, on hops is controlled by daylength. The ability of P. humuli, to produce winged pre‐sexual females (gynoparae) in the short‐day conditions of spring is inhibited by an interval timer present in generations immediately after hatching of the overwintering egg. The inhibition expires after three generations when nymphs are born and reared in short days (LD 12 : 12 h), irrespective of whether their parents are reared in short or long days (LD 18 : 6 h). No gynoparae are produced by aphids maintained for 13 generations in long days. Two wingless aphids from 35 survive transfer from Prunus spinosa to hops. No winged females are produced during nine generations among their progeny maintained in long days on hops, but gynoparae, followed by males, are produced one generation after these aphids are transferred to short days.