Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Part III Evolution and Comparative Perspective The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception

The social interactions of many animals critically depend on identifying other individuals to interact with or avoid. Recognizing specific individuals by voice requires extracting auditory indexical cues in communication signals, such as the voice-identity related content in vocalizations. Moreover, recognizing individuals can be facilitated by combining different forms of sensory inputs, such as when a vocalization is heard while the corresponding facial expression is seen. Our understanding of the neuronal substrates involved in processing voice content in communication sounds has been steadily increasing: Neurobiological insights are now available not only from human neuroimaging studies but also from comparative neuroimaging data in nonhuman animals, which together identify the cross-species correspondences that can be made between voice-sensitive brain regions. The insights obtained using brain functional imaging have also had the added benefit of establishing certain animals as model systems in which neuronal processes and pathways can be interrogated at finer neurobiological scales than is possible in humans. The use of bridging neuroimaging techniques in humans and other animals allow the neuronal-level insights obtained in animal models to better translate to and inform the understanding of homologous processes in the human brain. In this chapter, we overview these developments, summarizing knowledge on the functional characteristics of voice sensitive neurons and on cortical pathways that integrate auditory voice with visual face input. This review highlights how some of the gaps in our understanding have begun to close and identifies empirical challenges that remain on the horizon.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Lauric Acid Phase Change Material with Graphite/Carbon Nanotubes for Thermal Energy Storage Application

The advancement of renewable solar energy has led to the emergence of phase change materials (PCMs) as thermal energy storage. Besides acting as a heat storage material, PCM is able to absorb excess heat that enables the reduction of operating temperature of a solar system. Organic PCM (i.e. fatty acid) as a latent heat storage is capable of storing fourteen times more heat per volume unit than other sensible heat storage. This property became among the pulling factors for the researchers in incorporating PCM in their solar system. Nevertheless, commercial organic PCMs encounter several drawbacks for instance low energy conversion ability and the low thermal conductivity. Doping of reinforcement material such as graphene-based material/carbon nanotube is capable of improving the performance of fatty acid as PCM composite. In this work, lauric acid (LA) based PCM using graphite powder (G) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as filler with mass concentrations of 7 wt% are prepared. Surface morphology and X-ray powder diffraction analysis show no new functional groups were produced after the composite synthesis. Energy storage efficiency, including melting/solidification temperatures and enthalpies, are measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It is exhibited that the presence of the supporting material has considerable influence on the phase change temperature and enthalpies, at 38.22 °C and 169.34 J/g for LA-MWNT and 39.03 °C and 120.49 J/g for LA-G. The scanning electron microscope demonstrates that the LA-based PCM could be filled with the pores of graphite and MWNT. LA-MWNT based PCM composite exhibited excellent heat energy storage efficiency (at 89.0%) if compared with LA-G. This indicated that the LA-MWNT has huge potential to be a frontier material for thermal energy storage.
C Oncology Nurse Navigation Results of the 2016 role delineation study

BACKGROUND: In 2011, an oncology nurse navigator (ONN) role delineation survey (RDS) was conducted by the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) when the role was relatively new to oncology. Re-sults did not demonstrate a unique skill set for the ONN; however, since then, the role has expanded. OBJECTIVES: ONS and the Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation partnered in 2016 to complete an RDS of ONNs to redefine the role and determine the need for an ONN certification examination. METHODS: A structured RDS was conducted using a formal consensus-building process. A survey was developed and released to examine the specific tasks, knowledge, and skills for the ONN as well as to determine which role possesses more responsibility for the tasks: the ONN or the clinical or staff nurse. FINDINGS: The ONN role is evolving, and more was learned about its key tasks, including differences in the responsibilities of the ONN and the clinical or staff nurse. However, the RDS did not find an adequate difference in the knowledge required by the ONN and the clinical or staff nurse to support the need for a separate ONN certification.
Expression of cell adhesion in molecules in murine placentas and a placental cell line

Integrins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are required for normal placental development. In this study, integrin subunits a4, av, b1, and b3, and VCAM-1 were investigated for expression in uteroplacental units (gestation day [g.d.] 6 and 8) and placentas (g.d. 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18) of Swiss-Webster mice. All subunits and VCAM-1 mRNA (identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) and protein (detected by immunofluorescence) were present in all tissues throughout gestation. VCAM-1 was expressed strongly in the ectoplacental cone and trophoblast giant cells, a4 was expressed strongly by trophoblast giant cells and moderately by spongiotrophoblast and labyrinthine trophoblast, and av was expressed more strongly in the spongiotrophoblast than in the labyrinthine zone. The b1 was more strongly expressed in the labyrinthine than the spongiotrophoblast zone, while b3 and VCAM-1 were essentially equal in the two zones. Trophoblastlike SM9–1 cells were positive for all of the adhesion molecules when tested by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Adhesion molecule expression in SM9–1 cells was consistent with expression in the labyrinthine zone. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that murine placentas contain mRNA and protein for a4, av, b1, b3, and VCAM-1, and that expression is cell-specific. These results and the identification of an adhesion molecule-expressing trophoblastic cell line should facilitate future studies on the function of adhesion molecules in placental development.
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Highly resolved, two-component velocity measurements were made near the centerline of turbulent pipe ﬂow for Reynolds numbers in the range 102 ≤ Re λ ≤ 411 (1 , 800 ≤ Re τ ≤ 24 , 700). These unique data were obtained with a nanoscale crosswire probe and used to examine the inertial subrange scaling of the longitudinal and transverse velocity components. Classical dissipation rate estimates were made using both the integration of one-dimensional dissipation spectra for each velocity component and the third-order moment of the longitudinal structure function. Though the second-order moments and one-dimensional spectra for each component showed behavior consistent with local isotropy, clear inertial range similarity and behavior were not exhibited in the third-order structure functions at these Reynolds numbers. When corrected for the eﬀects of radial inhomogeneities at the centerline following the generalized expression of Danaila et al. (J. Fluid Mech. (2001), vol. 430, pp. 87–109), re-derived for the pipe ﬂow domain, the third-order moments of the longitudinal structure function exhibited a clearer plateau per the classical Kolmogorov ‘four-ﬁfths law. ’ Similar corrections described by Danaila et al. (2001) applied to the analogous equation for the mixed structure functions (i.e., the ‘four-thirds law’) also yielded improvement over all range of scales, improving with increasing Reynolds number. The rate at which the ‘four-ﬁfths’ law and ‘four-thirds’ laws were approached by the third-order structure functions was found to be more gradual than decaying isotropic turbulence for the same Reynolds numbers.
The impact of pension systems in labor markets with informality∗

This paper examines the impact of pension systems in economies with large informal labor markets using Peru as a case study. In these economies, mandatory participation in contributory pension systems can only be enforced on formal-sector workers. As a result, the design of the pension system can have an important impact on workers’ decisions to work in the formal sector. I develop a heterogeneous agent lifecycle, overlapping generations (OLG) model where informality arises endogenously as workers choose their optimal working sector each period. In the model, formal workers choose between a pay-as-you-go and an individual-account pension system, while the government finances a non-contributory means-tested pension for the poor and uncovered elderly. Workers in the economy face earnings and job separation risk. The mandatory contributions formal workers make to the pension system impose a liquidity constraint on lower income workers making them more likely to choose informal jobs. I show that both types of contributory pension systems present in the model affect labor decisions and that removing them increases formality and is welfare improving. Without any contributory pension system, the number of elderly individuals receiving the non-contributory social pension expands, but the government has a larger tax base of formal workers to offset financing this increase. Finally, in comparison to having both types of pension system or only an individual-account system, an economy with a PAYG-only system has the highest ex-ante welfare. Such economy has more high-income workers in the PAYG system which increases contributions. In addition, pension outlays are lower because benefits paid are limited to individuals with a minimum number of contributions and capped. In general equilibrium, the relatively lower cost of the PAYG system allows the government to lower income taxes, which further increases formality.
3 Substance Use Disorders as Externalizing Outcomes

This chapter discusses substance use disorders (SUDs) as externalizing outcomes while also touching on psychopathy. It begins by reviewing available evidence regarding general dispositional vulnerability to SUDs and conditions involving impulsivity and antisocial behavior. It then considers brain systems implicated in inhibitory control and reward-seeking behavior, along with their relationship to substance use problems. It also describes an empirically based organizing framework, the externalizing spectrum model, for identifying similarities and differences among externalizing outcomes in terms of symptomatic features and causal origins. It explores the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying general vulnerability to externalizing problems, as well as the factors that influence this vulnerability in the direction of SUDs compared to other outcomes. The chapter concludes with an assessment of some relevant unresolved questions and directions for future research.
Replication, Gene Expression and Particle Production by a Consensus Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) Genome

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) genomes are clonally integrated in tumor tissues of approximately 85% of all Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cases, a highly aggressive tumor of the skin which predominantly afflicts elderly and immunosuppressed patients. All integrated viral genomes recovered from MCC tissue or MCC cell lines harbor signature mutations in the early gene transcript encoding for the large T-Antigen (LT-Ag). These mutations selectively abrogate the ability of LT-Ag to support viral replication while still maintaining its Rb-binding activity, suggesting a continuous requirement for LT-Ag mediated cell cycle deregulation during MCC pathogenesis. To gain a better understanding of MCPyV biology, in vitro MCPyV replication systems are required. We have generated a synthetic MCPyV genomic clone (MCVSyn) based on the consensus sequence of MCC-derived sequences deposited in the NCBI database. Here, we demonstrate that transfection of recircularized MCVSyn DNA into some human cell lines recapitulates efficient replication of the viral genome, early and late gene expression together with virus particle formation. However, serial transmission of infectious virus was not observed. This in vitro culturing system allows the study of viral replication and will facilitate the molecular dissection of important aspects of the MCPyV lifecycle.
Conducting interrupted time-series analysis with panel data: The xtitsa command

Interrupted time ‐ series analysis (ITSA) is a popular study design when conducting a randomized experiment is not feasible. The design is called an interrupted time series because the intervention is expected to “interrupt” the level and/or trend of the outcome variable —measured at equal intervals over time—subsequent to its introduction. The ITSA design is most commonly used when there is a single aggregated treated unit (e.g., hospital, county, state) and the outcome of interest is reported at the summary level (e.g., morbidity or mortality rates). This article introduces the xtitsa command which generalizes the ITSA design for situations in which data are available at a more granular level (e.g., wards within hospital, zip codes within county, counties within state), allowing for the variability within the treatment group to be accounted for during estimation. The xtitsa command estimates the effect of an intervention on an outcome variable either for a single treatment group or when compared with a control group, and can estimate effects for multiple sequential interventions. Finally, as xtitsa is a wrapper for xtgee , there is tremendous flexibility in modelling outcomes with various distributions and autocorrelation structures.
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Background: Australian adolescents with low motor competence (LMC) have higher fracture rates and poorer bone health compared to European normative data, but currently no normative data exists for Australians. Aims: To examine whether there were bone health di ﬀ erences in Australian adolescents with LMC or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) when compared to typically developing age-matched Australian adolescents. Methods and Procedures: Australian adolescents aged 12 – 18 years with LMC/DCD (n=39; male=27; female=12) and an Australian comparison sample (n=188; boys=101; girls= 87) undertook
East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources

Efforts to conserve wetland ecosystems depend on the recognition of ecosystem services they provide. Hence, the study was conducted to analyze the ecosystem services of the Geray wetland and the driving force of its degradation. Structured questionnaires, personal interviews, focused group discussions, and field observations were used in data collection. Questionnaires were administered to 114 respondents obtained through random sampling of households. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression. Descriptive statistics like mean, percentage and frequency distribution were used to analyze quantitative data. The binary logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the impact of household-related independent variables on the dependent variable. Results showed that Geray wetland provides provisioning services (fish, fresh water, fodder and grazing services, firewood, crop
Visual Analysis of Table Tennis Game Tactics

English Abstract —The aim of this project is to enhance the tactical analysis of table tennis players as they prepare for high-level competitions. Our approach involves creating a visual analysis tool using unstructured content extracted from TV video streams, by detecting low-level events such as players strokes and ball positions. Through this process, we intend to establish a more precise understanding of tactics, which currently vary between coaches and athletes. An ongoing partnership with the French Table Tennis Federation (FFTT) will enable us to identify key challenges and validate the outcomes of our work.
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Theoreticians who first observed alternative stable states in simple ecological models warned of grave implications for unexpected and irreversible collapses of natural systems (i.e., regime shifts). Recent ecosystem-level shifts engendering considerable economic losses have validated this concern, positioning bistability at the vanguard of coupled human-environment systems management. While the perturbations that induce regime shifts are known, the ecological forces that uphold alternative stable states are often unresolved or complex and system-specific. Thus, the search continues for general mechanisms that can produce alternative stable states under realistic conditions. Integrating model predictions with long-term zooplankton community experiments, we show that the core feature of ontogenetic development, food-dependent maturation, enables a single community to reach different configurations within the same constant environment. In one configuration, predators regulate prey to foster coexistence, while in the other, prey counterintuitively exclude their predator via maturation-limiting competition. The concordance of these findings with the unique outcome and underlying mechanism of a general model provides empirical evidence that developmental change, a fundamental property of life, can support bistability of natural systems.
Mechanisms of Venoarteriolar Reﬂex in Type 2 Diabetes with or without Peripheral Neuropathy

Simple Summary: Postural changes induce arteriolar vasoconstriction in response to an increase in venous pressure in the limbs known as the venoarteriolar reﬂex (VAR). Previous studies reported that skin blood perfusion is impaired during the VAR in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without peripheral neuropathy, compared to control subjects. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the VAR in T2DM, with and without peripheral neuropathy. This study provides evidence that conﬁrmed neuropathy alters the VAR by an alteration of the neurogenic response to leg dependency. Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the venoarteriolar reﬂex (VAR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with and without peripheral neuropathy. Laser Doppler ﬂowmetry (LDF) recordings were performed on the medial malleus and dorsal foot skin, before and during leg dependency in healthy controls, in persons with obesity, in those with T2DM, in those with T2DM and subclinical neuropathy, and in those with T2DM and conﬁrmed neuropathy. LDF recordings were analyzed with the wavelet transform to evaluate the mechanisms controlling the ﬂowmotion (i.e., endothelial nitric oxide-independent and -dependent, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory and cardiac mechanisms). Skin blood perfusion decreased throughout leg dependency at both sites. The decrease was blunted in persons with conﬁrmed neuropathy compared to those with T2DM alone and the controls. During leg dependency, total spectral power increased in all groups compared to rest. The relative contribution of the endothelial bands increased and of the myogenic band decreased, without differences between groups. Neurogenic contribution decreased in controls, in persons with obesity and in those with T2DM, whereas it increased in subclinical-and conﬁrmed neuropathy. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that conﬁrmed diabetic neuropathy alters the VAR through the neurogenic response to leg dependency.
Research Freshwater Gastropod Diversity in The Selected Lotic Environment, Betong, Sarawak, Borneo

Freshwater Gastropoda can be considered as the biological indicator in ecosystems such as rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds. The objectives of this study are to identify freshwater gastropod species, diversity, and distribution along Sungai Penebak, Sungai Nanga Tiga, and Sungai Kabo in the Betong division. The study was conducted on 10 November 2020. A 50 m transect was laid on the riverbank of all three stations. The existing specimens were counted and collected from each sampling point and stored were taken to the laboratory for species identification. The diversity index and morphological study of freshwater gastropods were performed. Five species of freshwater gastropods belonging to four families were discovered. The five species of freshwater gastropods consisted of Sulcospira pageli , which shows great abundance, followed by Clea nigricans , Brotia costula , Pila ampullacea , and Vittina pennata . The diversity indices of collected Gastropoda species from the different stations, for instance, Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’), Pielou’s evenness index (J’), and Margalef’s richness index were assessed; where station 3 showed higher diversity of Gastropoda compared to other two stations. The information presented in this paper might be helpful for ecological wealth studies and considered as the baseline data for the stream ecosystem in Sarawak, Malaysia.
ACADEMIC GOALS ACCORDING TO GENDER, NATIONALITY AND PERFORMANCE IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ARTS MODE

The objective of this work was to analyze the perspectives of students regarding their academic goals in relation to gender, nationality and academic performance in high school students of the Arts Educational Center, Julio Alberto Hernández, Santiago, Dominican Republic. The selected sample was 187 students, 61.5% were women, 38.5% men, 89.8% Dominicans and 10.2% Haitians, the research has a quantitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The t test did not show significant differences for the selection of students by sex (p = 0.07) or by nationality (p = 0.304). The Academic Goals Scale (CMA) questionnaire was used, it has 20 items with Likert-type responses, with a reliability level of 0.806. The students responded with very low averages in the MRS, in addition, the ML are significantly higher in women (p = 0.025), however, Haitian nationals have ML (p = 0.023) and MRS (p = 0.038) significantly higher, in the case of academic performance in Spanish, Haitians present significantly higher performance (p = 0.001). Finally, conclusions are offered that will be helpful for future work in this line, to verify the effect of ML, MA and MRS factors in other academic situations.
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Glioblastoma (GBM) are lethal primary brain tumours whose pathogenesis is aided, at least partly, via a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. This study investigated whether microglia, a cell component of the GBM microenvironment, mediates pro-tumorigenic properties via the action of cyclophilin A (CypA), a potent secre-table chemokine and cytoprotectant that signals via the cell surface receptor, CD147. To this end, intracellular and secreted CypA expression was assessed in human primary microglia and BV2 microglial cells treated with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the oxidative stress inducer, LY83583. We report that human primary microglia and BV2 microglia both express CypA and CD147, and that BV2 microglial cells secrete CypA in response to pro-in ﬂ ammatory and oxidative stimuli. We also demonstrate for the ﬁ rst time that recombinant CypA (rCypA; 1nM – 1000nM) dose-dependently increased wound healing and reduced basal cell death in BV2 micro-glial cells. To determine the cell – signalling pathways involved, we probed microglial cell lysates for changes in ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, I κ B degradation, and IL-6 secretion using Western blot and ELISA analysis. In summary, BV2 microglial cells secrete CypA in response to in ﬂ ammatory and oxidative stress, and that rCypA increases cell viability and chemotaxis. Our ﬁ ndings suggest that rCypA is a pro-survival chemokine for microglia that may in ﬂ uence the GBM tumour microenvironment.