Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sibling Rivalry: Ability and Intrahousehold Allocation in Gansu Province, China

This paper evaluates the strategies employed by households in rural China to allocate educational expenditure to children of different physical endowments, examining whether parents use educational funding to reinforce or compensate for these differences. Climatic shocks are employed as an instrument for endowment, measured as height-for-age, allowing for the identification of the impact of quasiexogenous variation in endowment on parental allocations conditional on household fixed effects. The results suggest that educational expenditure is directed to the relatively weaker child; in response to the mean difference in height-for-age between siblings, parents redirect around 25% of discretionary educational spending to the child with lower height-for-age, and this effect is robust to the potentially confounding effects of gender and birth order. There is some evidence that time allocation may also be a relevant margin of compensation, but no evidence that medical expenditure responds to differences in height-for-age.
Data Use Among Principals and Teachers: Divergent Paths or Common Ground?

This study examines teachers’ and administrators’ use of data to inform their practice in one south-central state. Using a qualitative research approach, the study involved 76 educators representing eight school districts. Data were collected using focus groups with teachers and in-depth interviews with school principals. Data were inductively and deductively analyzed using multiple cycles of coding. Analysis of data revealed three themes that exposed differences in the use of data by teachers and administrators: the challenges of data use, the “levels” at which data are viewed (micro and macro lenses), and the value placed on formal and informal data. Findings suggest that by understanding the differences between teachers’ and administrators’ perspectives on data use and recognizing the common ground that unites their perspectives, schools can create data cultures that foster shared expectations, collaboration, and trust between teachers and administrators.
Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Behavioural Outcomes of Financial Institutions of Nepal

This study is based on the impact of HRM practices on organizational performance in terms of behavioral outcomes of financial institutions of Nepal. The variables of HRM practices involve recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, career planning, compensation, employee participation, and job design whereas variable of behavioral outcomes involve motivation, cooperation, involvement and organizational citizenship. In this study, while analyzing the beta coefficient, it is found that job design sensitivity to organizational performance is high followed by employee participation and compensation system. But all other variables recruitment and selection training and development, and career planning have also positive impact on behaviour outcomes of organizational performance. However, recruitment and selection, training and development, and career planning have minimum impact on behaviour outcomes of organizational performance.
Impact of Banking Supervision on the Cost-Efficiency of Banks: A Study of Five Developing Asian Countries

The main purpose of banking supervision is to ensure stable banking operations, minimize the risk to the stability of financial systems, increase banking efficiency, and promote competitiveness. However, the question is whether, and how, banking supervision benefits or damages banking efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different effects of financial regulations on the cost-efficiency of the banking industries in India, Thailand, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Mongolia, by employing the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) and stochastic metafrontier function (SMF) for a sample of 141 commercial banks between 2000 and 2010. The findings show that bank efficiency is not significantly influenced by the minimum capital requirements; however, higher capitalization helps to alleviate agency problems between managers and shareholders, and gives shareholders greater incentives to monitor management? s performance and ensure that their banks operate efficiently. Finally, for banking supervision in the five countries, SMF is estimated under the metafrontier cost function, whether a technology gap ratio (TGR) or meta-cost efficiency (MCE). It is revealed that Indian banks have the best results with TGR and MCE at 0.7527 and 0.6715, respectively, while Thailand has the lowest TRG value at 0.4608 and Malaysia the lowest MCE value at 0.3531.
Determinants of the use of Web 2 . 0 technologies for knowledge sharing in SMEs

Web 2.0 technologies are increasingly being used within all knowledge management processes. This paper extends previous studies on the use of Internet technologies and knowledge management by analyzing factors affecting knowledge sharing through Web 2.0 technologies within SMEs. Drawing upon the technologyorganization-environment framework, a model is developed to examine how distinct contextual factors influence the use of Web 2.0 technologies for knowledge sharing. A data set of Spanish SMEs is used to test the conceptual model and hypotheses. Results show that knowledge sharing through Web 2.0 technologies emerges from internal organizational and technological resources rather than from external pressure.
Colorectal Cancer in Egypt: Clinical, Life-Style, and Socio-Demographic Risk Factors

Aim: To determine the clinical, life-style, and socio-demographic risk factors of CRC in Egypt. Patients and Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study design was used. One hundred sixty patients with CRC and 300 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. An interviewing form and clinical examinations were used to collect data. Results: Significant medical and family risk factors were obesity, DM, bowel habit change, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), precancerous colonic lesions, no NSAIDs use, no HRT use, cholecystectomy, and family history of CRC (ORs=2.12, 2.13, 1.97, 4.91, 5.46, 3.69, 6.3, 3.84, and 8.88; respectively). Significant dietary risk factors were high red and processed meats intake, low white meat intake, high fat intake, dairy products, low fibers, low fruits and vegetables, and high salty/spicy foods, (ORs=5.12, 2.17, 5.59, 2.58, 2.79, 3.05, and 2.5; respectively). Significant social life-style risk factors were smoking, caffeine, alcohol, and no physical activity (ORs=1.58, 4.17, 6.6, and 4.87; respectively). Significant health care risk factor was no compliance with medical follow up (OR=1.85). Significant socio-demographic risk factors were age ≥60 year, male gender, single status, urban residence, higher education, professional occupations, and high social status (ORs=2.08, 2. 45, 1.87, 1.95, 1.99, 1.76, and 1.73; respectively).
Submodel Mapper Filter Start End

Nature is observed at all scales; with multiscale modeling, scientists bring together several scales for a holistic analysis of a phenomenon. The models on these different scales may require significant but also heterogeneous computational resources, creating the need for distributed multiscale computing. A particularly demanding type of multiscale models, tightly coupled, brings with it a number of theoretical and practical issues. In this contribution, a tightly coupled model of in-stent restenosis is first theoretically examined for its multiscale merits using the Multiscale Modeling Language (MML); this is aided by a toolchain consisting of MAPPER Memory (MaMe), the Multiscale Application Designer (MAD), and Gridspace Experiment Workbench. It is implemented and executed with the general Multiscale Coupling Library and Environment (MUSCLE). Finally, it is scheduled amongst heterogeneous infrastructures using the QCG-Broker. This marks the first occasion that a tightly coupled application uses distributed multiscale computing in such a general way.
Probability distributions for economic surplus changes: the case of technical change in the Australian wool industry

Mullen, Alston and Wohlgenant (1989) (MAW) examined the distribution of the benefits of technical change in the Australian wool industry. Their conclusions are revisited by examining the probability distributions of changes in the welfare measures, given uncertainty about their model parameters. Subjective probability distributions are specified for the parameters and correlations among some of the parameters are imposed. Hierarchical distributions are also used to model diverse views about the specification of the subjective distributions. A sensitivity elasticity is defined through the estimation of a response surface to measure the sensitivity of the estimated research benefits to individual parameters. MAW’s conclusions are found to be robust under the stochastic approach to sensitivity analysis demonstrated in this article.
Innovative marketing approach in project management: A market orientation perspective

The main objective of this paper is to develop an integrated conceptual framework to achieve consistency and synergy between project management and e-marketing activities within the market orientation that depends on the transaction, database, interactive and network marketing. The study solicited to apply this model in development or commercial projects conducted in Jordan. To extend this, the researcher interviewed people with experience who work in various projects such as educational projects or developing information technology systems, infrastructure projects, development projects, and others. The researcher was able to interview 34 experienced managers, and the interview form included a set of open questions related to the four dimensions of marketing orientation. The interview questions included covering how to integrate e-marketing activities into project management, it has directed in such a way as to highlight which marketing trends are most appropriate for the type of project and the duration of its implementation. The researcher identified most appropriate marketing trends for each project type and suggested which electronic marketing tools are most suitable for project managers and employees to adapt to communicate with individual clients or organizations, or even with other parties who have a direct or indirect relationship with the project such as stakeholders, suppliers and others. The implication for practitioners in the projects suggested, and recommendations for future research to generalize the proposed conceptual framework also presented.
Occlusal Vertical Dimension Index to Simplified Vertical Dimension Measurement

The aim of this study was to develop occlusal vertical dimension index to simplified vertical dimension measurement. Many dentists have difficulty in determining the exact vertical dimension of their patients. Hayakawa developed a formula to determine vertical dimension but had been made from a study using Japanese subjects, so that the accuracy if it is used for Indonesian people are still doubtfull. This study consist of 2 stages, the first stage, wanted to develop a specific index for the Deutero-Malay race in Indonesia that can be used to predict vertical dimension of the patients. The second stage of this study were comparing the accuracy of occlusal vertical dimension obtained from the OVD index with subject's actual occlusal vertical dimension. There were 63 subjects included in the first stage of study and also another 63 subjects included in the second stage of the study. This is a cros-sectional study and the factors being observed for the relationship with vertical dimension were interpupillary distance, inter zygomatic distance, zygomatic-chelion, sex, profile, palm length, pupillary-subnasion distance and pupillary-chelion. The result of this study is OVD index to predict specific vertical dimension for Deutero-Malay race as follows,sn-gn= 36.65 + 4.58 (gender) + 0.46 (p-p). Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2016; 9: (Special Issue), pp. 334-338)
MODIS-based climate monitoring and snow cover modeling in the area of Deadhorse/Prudhoe Bay, Alaska

Detailed knowledge about ground surface conditions is crucial for monitoring the thermal state of permafrost and dynamics in active layer thickness. In vast areas such as the high arctic latitudes of northern Alaska, where observational data are sparse, remote sensing has proved to afford opportunities in detecting surface conditions. In order to detect peak snow water equivalents (SWE), this study presents an approach that makes use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperatures (LST), NDSI snow cover and albedo for downscaling ERA reanalysis data by the means of an SEB-scheme. Furthermore, MODIS-derived data sets are used to give an overview on the general climatic conditions in the area of Deadhorse/Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Over the period from 2003 till 2016 LST show an increasing trend for every pixel in the about 6500km² large study area. Major warming trends of up to 0.1K per year appear next to the coast and in ﬂat inland regions. The mean annual snow-offset date discovered by MODIS happens about 9 days erlier at the end of the study period. The SEB-scheme provides feasible results of annual peak SWE with a mean value of 0.31 mSWE for the entire studyarea(over the ERA period 2010-2016). The resulting peak-SWE maps can be utilized to detect speciﬁc prevailing conditions in the study area as well as they demonstrate the high spatial variability of snow cover in 500m spatial resolution. The two reanalysis products ERA-5 and ERA-Interim have been found to act differently due to the large difference in grid spacing, especially in coastal regions. Since the scheme is strongly dependent on the length of the snowmelt period, especially inaccuracies in the MODIS-based complete snowmelt date can lead to uncertainties.
Potency of (Poly) Acrylic/Carboxymethyl Starch-Chitosan Biohydrogel for Curcumin Oral Delivery Matrix

Objective: Biohydrogel has gathered great interest in the pharmaceuticals field. This natural polymers were biodegradable, non-toxic, biocompatible, and its specific ability to response environment change can be considered for the controlled released matric of bioactive compound. In this study, the biohydrogel was synthesized by graft-copolymerization of acrylic acid onto carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and chitosan. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of CMS-chitosan ratio on the biohydrogel characteristic. Methods: The acrylic acid was grafted on to the backbone (3:1) by using cerric ammonium nitrate as the inisiator. A standarded curcumin was applied to test the binding potency of matrix. Results: A higher CMS ratio in the polymer mixture (4:1) revealed the highest swelling power (16.9 w/w) and percentage of curcumin absorption (17.34%). All the samples have the pH-responsive swelling properties, with the swelling trend was observed in the order of distilled water > HCl solution > phospathe buffer solution. FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs has confirmed the graft-copolymerization of PAA/CMSCs biohydrogel by describing the appearance of peak around 1600 cm -1 and the morphology of granula structure, respectively. Conclusion: The graft-copolymerization of acrylic acid onto the two anionic natural polymer by cerric ammonium nitrate as the initiator has resulted a pH-dependent swelling biohydrogel, and it has the ability to deliver curcumin in stomach-targeted system.
Recreational disturbance of a desert stream fish community : detecting ecological effects of environmental impact

Recreational Disturbance of a Desert Stream Fish Community: Detecting Ecological Effects of Environmental Impact by Johnny Mark Sappington Dr. James £. Deacon, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Environmental Studies University of Nevada, Las Vegas Fish assemblages in 22 pools were sampled over the summer of 1997 in the North Fork o f the Virgin River, Zion National Park, Utah, to asses effects of recreational activities on native fish communities. Pools experiencing high levels o f wading and float tubing contained altered population distributions and altered community structure as compared to pools generally lacking recreational activities. In addition, pools disturbed by recreation had lower abundance o f desert sucker {Çatostomus clarkî) and lower community diversity than pools without recreation. Food availability measured as algal biomass and macroinvertebate drift density was similar among all pools, but abundance of larval fish was lower in pools experiencing recreational disturbance. Flash floods at the end of the summer appeared to “reset” the system, redistributing fish in the river and resulting in similar communities throughout the study area. Results suggest that recreational activities do disturb native fish communities and that the greatest threat may be to larval fish. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Large deviation principle at play in large scale structure cosmology

We present an application of Large Deviation Theory to the problem of structure growth on large-scale structure cosmology. Starting from gaussian distributed overdensities on concentric spherical shells, we show that a Large Deviation Principle holds for the densities on the corresponding shells after gravitational evolution if no shell-crossing happens. As consequences of the Large Deviation Principle we obtain the cumulant generating function for the non-linear densities, and present formulae to compute the cumulant generating function for general window functions.
Effect of Zinc and Iron Fortification on Growth and Yield of Summer Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stuntz)

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Emend. Stuntz] is the most widely grown type of millet. It has been grown in Africa and South Asia since prehistoric times. In Asia, important pearl millet growing countries are India, China, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, Egypt, Arabia and Russia. Pearl millet belongs to Gramineae family. It is one of the most important food grain cereal crops of India and ranks fourth in area after rice, wheat and sorghum. It is one of the major cereal crop grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. India is the largest single producer of the crop, both in terms of area 6.93 million hectares and production 8.61 million tonnes and productivity of 1243 kg/ha (Directorate of Millets Development, 2020) during summer season.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response Result in Synergistic Upregulation of Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-12 by LPS

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved mechanism by which cells cope with endogenous threats result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our laboratory has shown that HLA-B27, a human MHC-encoded class I molecule, has a tendency to misfold and accumulate in the ER resulting in UPR activation. HLA-B27 is highly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other spondyloarthropathies. Despite long-standing recognition of a striking relationship between HLA-B27 and spondyloarthritis, the mechanism of disease remains unclear. Results from our laboratory have revealed that IL-17 production is increased in HLA-B27 transgenic rats that serve as a spondyloarthritis model. In these rats it is known that CD4 T cells are critical for pathogenesis while CD8 T cells are dispensable, and that IL-17-producing T cells are increased in the colon tissue. Based on these results, and evidence that IL-17 production can be driven by IL-23, we focused on the question of whether macrophages exhibiting UPR activation produce elevated levels of
4D visualization to bridge the knowing-doing gap in megaprojects: an Australian case study

The literature on megaprojects are oriented towards ‘knowing’ the problems and ‘knowing’ the solutions, and there is a dearth in literature aimed at explaining strategies adopted in ‘doing’ or implementing that knowledge. Particularly, the literature highlights communication as important as part of the ‘knowing,’ while there is a gap in ‘doing,’ as performance improvements are still not evident. This research aims to explore how this knowing-doing gap in the communication of risk information was addressed by using 4D visualization. This article discusses the vent facility of a megaproject in Australia as a case study to illustrate the innovation. The 4D model developed for the facility helped the project team to visualize the construction of a critical part of the project, discuss the construction methodology, identify the risks in the construction process and persuade the non-technical decision-makers of the project to take appropriate action. The risks identified through the visualization covered safety, program, and interface risks. This study offers insights into the role of visualization in bridging the knowing-doing gap in the construction industry in the context of a megaproject.
Financial Deepening and Economic Growth in 7 Sub-Saharan Africa: An Application of System GMM Panel Analysis

This paper empirically explored the link between the level of financial development and economic growth in 7 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period of 1981to2013. The study employed both static and dynamic panel data approach, to investigate the relation between financial development and economic growth for Nigeria, South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi, Sierra Leone, Botswana and Kenya. Using domestic credit to the private sector as a proxy for financial development, the study found that financial development has not contributed to economic growth in the panel of the selected countries, therefore thus lending support for the independent hypothesis which postulates that financial development and economic growth are causally independent. Also, the study reported that only interest rate suggested positive effect on economic growth out of the two determinants of growth considered in the estimated model. The policy implication of the findings is that there is ardent need to develop the financial sector in order to spur real growth in the economies of these countries and thus recommend the development of microfinance institutions as a complement to the conventional commercial banks in order to enhance mobilisation of savings and provide easy access to fund, thus engendering growth process in the Sub-Saharan Africa.