Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The anemia of malnutrition

Malnutrition is one of the most significant problems afflicting humanity today. Children, in the midst of growth and development, helpless and ill-equipped to withstand adverse factors, fall easy prey to the ravages of malnutrition. Rapid population growth; inadequate food production coupled with inequitable distribution; poverty; regional conflicts; and social, political, and educational factors all play a significant role in the etiology of malnutrition. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) of varying degree is the most prevalent form, affecting primarily the young child (1). In Asia, Africa, and parts of Latin America, the disease is essentially primary, but secondary malnutrition due to chronic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is becoming more common among the affluent nations (2-4). PEM may be regarded as a generalized disorder affecting the structure and function of the entire body. Changes in the hematologic system are an invariable accompaniment of the syndrome, and anemia has always been a constant feature. Current knowledge of the anemia in PEM is based on extensive clinical observations along with human and animal experimental work. The results of many studies are conflicting and confusing, but it is useful to remember that the subjects studied vary widely with respect to geographic location; age; race; dietary habits; associated vitamin and mineral deficiencies; prevalence of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections; and degree of blood loss. The methodology employed and the technical problems in some studies could also be limiting factors in comparing results. Viewed as a whole, some of the changes in the erythron may be visualized as an adaptation to a state of reduced metabolic requirements, whereas other findings are often secondary to pathologic accompaniments (iron deficiency, sickle cell disease, etc.) (5). However, many important questions about the problem still remain unanswered, and new ones continually emerge.
The Potentials and Pitfalls of ‘Art in Research’ Methodologies: Foregrounding Memory and Emotion in Planning Research

ABSTRACT The article draws on a two-month project with forty-four high school students in Reston, Virginia to suggest that ‘art in research’ methodologies might be useful to shift away from the problematic histories of planning as solely a technical endeavor based in masculinist conceptions of legitimate research. I propose that we can radically reimagine planning research and practice as an emancipatory endeavor for its participants, suggesting that the iterative and longer art-making process may usefully complement traditional qualitative planning research, specifically helping to uncover relevant memories and emotions of participants.
Nutritional status and fitness in neoadjuvant chemoradiation for oesophagogastric cancer

Resectable oesophagogastric cancer typically requires neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by surgical resection of the primary tumour. Consideration for surgery is on the basis of the risk-benefit profile of the expected surgical and cancer survival outcomes. Major surgery such as oesophagectomy is associated with a high incidence of postoperative complications, which in turn impacts long-term survival and healthcare expenditure. A clear need exists for an objective and reliable preoperative risk assessment and perioperative optimisation strategies to improve surgical outcomes. We discuss two key preoperative risk factors - nutritional status and fitness (physiologic capacity) - that may be optimised to improve the surgical outcome in this cancer population.
Risk assessment after acute myocardial infarction : Role of novel biomarkers and implications for early discharge

Myocardial infarction is a serious condition caused by a sudden occlusion of a coronary artery. Myocardial infarction is associated with loss of myocardial tissue, decrease in pump function and potentially fatal arrhythmias. Percutaneous angioplasty of the occluded coronary artery markedly improves the prognosis by decreasing mortality rates and arrhythmias, and improving the remaining pump function. As a result, the length of hospital stay, which is currently approximately 4-7 days, can be reduced. This dissertation shows how the mortality risk can be determined at an early stage by adding a biomarker (to be measured in blood) to an existing risk score. More than half of patients have a low mortality risk and can therefore be safely discharged from hospital within 48 hours of admission.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods for the Prediction of Traffic Speed in Urban Places

Rising interest in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems combined with the increased availability of collected data allows the study of different methods for prevention of traffic congestion in cities. A common need in all of these methods is the use of traffic predictions for supporting planning and operation of the traffic lights and traffic management schemes. This paper focuses on comparing the forecasting effectiveness of three machine learning models, namely Random Forests, Support Vector Regression, and Multilayer Perceptron—in addition to Multiple Linear Regression—using probe data collected from the road network of Thessaloniki, Greece. The comparison was conducted with multiple tests clustered in three types of scenarios. The first scenario tests the algorithms on specific randomly selected dates on different randomly selected roads. The second scenario tests the algorithms on randomly selected roads over eight consecutive 15 min intervals; the third scenario tests the algorithms on random roads for the duration of a whole day. The experimental results show that while the Support Vector Regression model performs best at stable conditions with minor variations, the Multilayer Perceptron model adapts better to circumstances with greater variations, in addition to having the most near-zero errors.
Differential winter and breeding range shifts: Implications for avian migration distances

For many migratory avian species, winter and breeding habitats occur at geographically distinct locations. Disparate magnitudes and direction of shifts in wintering and breeding locations could lead to altered migration distances. We investigated how shifts in the centre of abundance (COA) of winter and breeding ranges have changed for 77 species of short‐distance migratory birds. We addressed whether species tracked their historical average temperature and precipitation conditions at their winter and breeding COA, using data from 1990 to 2015.
School Climate and Mathematical Disposition of Grade 10 Students

The purpose of this study was to determine which domain of school climate best influences mathematical dispositions of Grade 10 students. Universal sampling technique was used in this study wherein 118 Grade 10 students from the private secondary schools in Barangay Ilang, Davao City, were chosen as the participants. By utilizing a non-experimental quantitative research design, specifically, correlational technique, through the use of a validated questionnaire, mean, Pearson r and regression techniques, it was revealed that the level of school climate of the private secondary schools were high. In the same way, the level of the mathematical dispositions of the Grade 10 students was also high. In addition, it was found out that school climate and mathe-matical dispositions of the students were significantly and positively related with an r-value of 0.490 and p-value less than 0.05. Findings further revealed that among the four domains of school climate, it was expectations that best influenced the dispositions of the students towards mathematics.
Pengaruh Implementasi Balanced Scorecard Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan pada PT Gramedia Asri Media

This study aims to determine the effect of implementation scorecard that divided into 4 perspectives, it called financial perspective, customer perspective, perspective internal business processes, and learning & growth perspective on the performance of PT. Gramedia Asri Media. PT Gramedia Asri Media is a company of retail industry. The method used in this study is a survey with an associative type of research. The analysis starts with collecting data obtained from the distribution of questionnaires with the intended analysis unit, namely the store manager of PT Gramedia Asri Media. The data obtained is processed using the SPSS 20 application with simple regression analysis techniques and multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that Financial Perspective has a significant influence on company performance, Customer Perspective has a significant influence on company performance, Perspective Internal Business Processes have a significant influence on company performance, Learning & Growth Perspective has a significant influence on company performance, and Learning & Growth Perspective has the largest coefficient of determination. It can be concluded that the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard affects the performance of the company PT Gramedia Asri Media.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of abnormal pap smear in pregnant women

Background: The Papanicolaou test is a method of cervical screening used to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous processes. The incidence of cervical cancer in India is alarmingly high and is the leading cause of cancer in women in India accounting for 147 deaths per lakh women. Cervical cytological abnormalities are found in up to 5% of all pregnancies. In Indian settings, published data on abnormal Pap smear in pregnancy is lacking. The present study was designed to know the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear in pregnant women and its associated risk factors.Methods: This prospective study included 450 pregnant and 450 non-pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After a detailed history, clinical examination and investigations, Pap smear was collected as per conventional method and reported using 2014 Bethesda system.Results: 53.6% pregnant and 44.6% non-pregnant subjects had abnormal Pap smear. Out of the abnormal smears in pregnant women, 31.18% had inflammatory cytology, 15.37% had bacterial vaginosis, 4.01% had Trichomonal and 3.34% Monilial pathology. No epithelial cell abnormality was seen. Rural residence, lower class, age at first intercourse less than 21 years and having more than one sexual partner were important risk factors observed in our study and were statistically significant.Conclusions: Bacterial vaginosis, the most common infection detected on Pap smear is strongly associated with previos preterm labour and delivery. This opportunity for screening of cervical cancer and counselling should not be missed in the antenatal period.
Effectiveness of a pharmacist‐led population health approach to implementing statin therapy in primary prevention patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Statin therapy in patients with diabetes is an evidence‐based treatment that reduces cardiovascular risk. Percentage of primary prevention patients with diabetes that are treated with statin therapy is a common evidence‐based quality measure within value‐based health care. Pharmacist‐led services increase statin initiation rates; however, limited data have compared the effectiveness of different approaches.
Ownership Concentration and Firm Performance in India

Ownership concentration (OC) is considered an important corporate governance mechanism because owners with concentrated shareholding influence the operations and management of a company. The ownership structure in developing countries is quite different from that in the developed markets; thus, we provide empirical evidence from an important emerging market like India. This study used panel data models and instrumental variables (IV) techniques using generalised method of moments (GMM) on a large sample of 11,136 firm-year observations to get efficient and reliable results. The endogeneity of OC has not been examined in India before. In this article, OC is measured by Herfindahl’s index as suggested by Demsetz and Lehn (1985) and Leech and Leahy (1991). Other Indian studies in this area have used promoter shareholding as a proxy of OC. After controlling for endogeneity, we find that OC affects both market and accounting performance of a company, positively. The results suggest that concentrated ownership reduces agency costs as blockholders actively monitor the management of the company, thereby leading to better firm performance.
A holistic model of the servicescape in fast casual dining

The servicescape is increasingly being recognized as a function of two distinct components: physical and social. While these two dimensions have often been studied independently, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of both dimensions simultaneously in a fast casual restaurant context. ,A sample of 1,110 fast casual restaurant patrons in the USA was collected. The data were analyzed using nested structural equation modeling. ,The results suggest that both the social and the physical servicescape can affect consumption behavior in the fast casual restaurant industry and crowding can act a moderator of these relationships. ,Theoretically, these results are significant because they suggest the importance of capturing a holistic account of the servicescape when conducting research on the consumption environment. ,This study is among the first to examine the effect of the social servicescape (and specifically the effect of crowding) in fast casual restaurants. The results suggest that restaurateurs need to be mindful that crowding affects the relationship between social servicescape and satisfaction. ,This research is the first to look at both aspects of the servicescape as drivers of consumer behavior in the fast casual dining segment. Additionally, this research makes a second contribution by assessing the effect of crowding on the servicescape-driven relationships inherent in the proposed model.
ÇOCUK YAŞ GRUBU İDRAR YOLU ENFEKSİYONLARINDA EGE BÖLGESİ ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENCİ

Ulkemizde, bir cok yasal engele ragmen tum enfeksiyonlarda oldugu gibi uriner enfeksiyonlarda antibiyotiklerin yanlis ve gereksiz kullanimi, antibiyotiklere direnc gelismesine ve direncli suslarla yeni enfeksiyonlarin olusmasina yol acmaktadir. Bu nedenle bolgesel antibiyotik direnci gozden gecirilmeli, kullanilan ampirik tedaviler ve profilaktik antibiyotik secimi tekrar degerlendirilmelidir. Bu calismada, uriner enfeksiyon sagaltiminda bolgesel antibiyotik direncinin belirlenmesi, antibiyotik secimine yon verilmesi planlanmistir. Bu amacla Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari (CSH) ve Cocuk Cerrahisi servis ve polikliniklerinden son alti ayda gonderilen 4124 idrar kulturu retrospektif olarak degerlendirilmis, ureyen mikroorganizmalar ve bunlara karsi antibiyotik direnci arastirilmistir. Ayrica sonuclar bes yil onceki hastanemiz verileri ile karsilastirilmistir. 1996 ve 2001 verileri karsilastirildiginda saptanan enfeksiyon ajanlarinda belirgin bir degisiklik olmadigi, ancak en sik gorulen enfeksiyon etkeni olan E.coli'nin gorulme sikliginin %62'den %41.5'e geriledigi gorulmustur. Enfeksiyon ajanlarina antibiyotik direnci degerlendirildiginde, E.coli icin karbapenem grubu antibiyotiklerin daha once saptanan %1, aminoglikozitlerin ve ucuncu kusak sefalosporinlerin %10 direncinin ayni oranda devam ettigi, ampisilin direncinin %67'den,%75'e, trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol (TMP/SMX) direncini ise %49'dan %61'e ciktigi gorulmustur. Sonuc olarak, uriner sistem enfeksiyonlarinda en az bes yilda bir etken ajanlarin ve antibiyotik direncinin gozden gecirilmesi, boylece ampirik tedavi ve profilakside kullanilacak antibiyotiklerin yeniden secilmesi morbiditeyi azalttigi gibi, ekonomik kayiplari da onleyecektir.
Monitoring teamwork: how do punishment motivations change with group size

espanolConsiderese la realizacion de trabajo en equipo como un bien comun al cual los trabajadores deciden que nivel de esfuerzo dedicar para beneficio colectivo. En este trabajo se estudia, con un enfoque experimental, el impacto de un monitor externo en la provision de un bien comun para distintos tamanos de grupo. En concreto, se explora la influencia de la estructura de pagos del monitor en las contribuciones y en los castigos implementados. Si los monitores castigan, siempre sera debido una motivacion intrinseca ya que es una accion costosa. Con un pago contingente al resultado, sin embargo, el castigo puede ser debido a una motivacion extrinseca para incrementar futuros pagos. Se prueba que cuando el tamano de grupo aumenta, el monitor castiga mas si su salario depende del resultado. No obstante, una estrategia agresiva de castigo no consigue incrementar las contribuciones EnglishTeamwork monitoring and control is a crucial matter in firm management. While teamwork can attain higher efficiency than individual work given the potential synergies arising, free riding in effort-intensive tasks lead to underperformance of the team. In this work, we experimentally explore the performance of external monitoring in order to mitigate such underperformance. In particular, we contrast, for two different team sizes, two alternatives in the provision of incentives of the external monitors: a fixed salary and a salary subject to the performance of the team, i.e. with a bonus. With a fixed salary, if monitors punish low efforts, it must be purely due to an intrinsic motivation, as punishment implementation is costly. With a contingent salary, however, there can also be an extrinsic motivation to punish in order to increase performance and, subsequently, future payoffs. We find out that this extrinsic motivation has a significant impact when the group size increases. That is, when the team is sufficiently large, the monitor implements substantially more punishment with a bonus than without a bonus. However, aggressive punishment does not achieve an increase in effort exertion.
The Effects of a Multicomponent Self-Monitoring Intervention on the Rates of Pre-Service Teacher Behavior-Specific Praise in a Masked Single-Case Experimental Design

The effects of self-monitoring (SM) on teacher behavior are well documented, but previous research does not attempt to control for reactivity as a threat to internal validity. This study examined the effects of a multicomponent SM intervention on the use of a classroom management practice with participant masking to address this absence in the literature. Participating teachers selected between two practices (behavior-specific praise and opportunities to respond). A multiple baseline design across four pre-service teacher interns occurred in general education classroom settings. Participant masking to the purpose of the study precluded exposure to SM, performance feedback, and goal setting. Analyses included an independent visual analysis by three masked raters, an independent quality review for What Works Clearinghouse standards, a nonparametric statistical analysis based on data characteristics, and correspondence reporting between visual and statistical analyses. Overall results indicated an increase in the rate of classroom management practice use by the participants and good social validity across the three constructs. Student outcome data for on-task behavior were inconclusive. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
THE FEATURES OF MEDIATION IN EFL CLASSROOM INTERACTION: TEACHER PERSPECTIVES

The classroom is a place where the teacher, as an expert and the knower, teaches students through interactions influenced by several sociocultural backgrounds. Moreover, the teacher plays a role in mediating language learning processes by providing effective mediation. In brief, mediation can be defined as all objects delivered by the teacher to mediate the students to bring their current ability to the targeted performance. This current research serves to describe the features of mediation applied by English teacher in one lower secondary school in the EFL classroom context. This qualitative-based inquiry applied classroom observation and interviews as instruments to explore how the teacher mediated language learning in the classroom particularly for beginner-level students in one private school in Jakarta. The findings showed that the features of shared intention are the most salient to be mediated. This indicates that the teacher is very concerned with helping and facilitating the students to perform tasks. In addition, in mediating values, challenges, change and competence, the teacher creates engaging classroom discourses, selects particular tasks, and nurtures a positive classroom climate. Moreover, the teacher sets herself as a mediator as well as mediation as an ideal form of behavior and language model in the class. Keywords: English; foreign language; mediation; sociocultural view.
Analysis of KSHV B lymphocyte lineage tropism in human tonsil reveals efficient infection of CD138+ plasma cells

Despite 25 years of research, the basic virology of Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesviruses (KSHV) in B lymphocytes remains poorly understood. This study seeks to fill critical gaps in our understanding by characterizing the B lymphocyte lineage-specific tropism of KSHV. Here, we use lymphocytes derived from 40 human tonsil specimens to determine the B lymphocyte lineages targeted by KSHV early during de novo infection in our ex vivo model system. We characterize the immunological diversity of our tonsil specimens and determine that overall susceptibility of tonsil lymphocytes to KSHV infection varies substantially between donors. We demonstrate that a variety of B lymphocyte subtypes are susceptible to KSHV infection and identify CD138+ plasma cells as a rare, but highly targeted cell type for de novo KSHV infection. Finally, we determine that the host immunological status influences the course of de novo infection in B lymphocytes. These results improve our understanding of KSHV transmission and the biology of early KSHV infection in a naïve human host, and lay a foundation for further characterization of KSHV molecular virology in B lymphocyte lineages.
A study of histological changes during development of human fetal kidney in later half of gestation

Background: Prenatal period is a very crucial time for human development. It is important to know the normal developmental of human kidney for better understanding of various congenital renal conditions. Methods: This study was conducted in the department of anatomy, Pt. J. N. M. medical college Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The materials for study (50 fetuses of gestational age between16 week to 40 weeks from cases of abortions, stillbirth from premature and normal deliveries with apparently normal history of gestation) were obtained from the labour room of the R. N. T. district hospital Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh, India. Fetal kidneys were dissected out; histological slides were made, stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and observed under light microscope. Results: A Subcapsular nephrogenic zone was seen in all kidneys up to 36 weeks of gestational age. Differentiation of kidney into cortex and medulla was seen in all the specimens. Presence of Bowman’s space was seen in 90-95% of glomeruli and vascular pole were present in 65-70% of glomeruli, in all specimens of different gestational age. Parietal epithelial lining of Bowman’s capsule was lined by cuboidal epithelium in immature glomeruli but this showed a gradual transition to a flat variety, with the further maturation of the glomeruli. Proportion of glomeruli with many lobulations, went on increasing with increasing gestational age. Conclusions: From the above findings, it can be concluded that although formation of new glomeruli occurs up to 36 weeks of intrauterine life, differentiation and maturation continues until the last week of third trimester of gestation.