Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Modified RALES and Brixia Scores Section in Predicting the COVID-19 Positivity among the Suspected Patients: A Cross-sectional Observational Study

Introduction: Computed Tomography (CT) chest plays an important role in triaging and managing patients of suspected COVID-19, especially in those where Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) report is pending but CT chest has constraints of availability and cost. Chest X-ray (CXR) is a readily available investigation and is cheaper than a CT chest. Hence, any scoring on CXR which proves to be helpful in triaging and managing suspected COVID19 patients will alleviate the dependency on CT chest. Modified Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score (mRALES) and Brixia scores have been used to assess severity of disease and prognosis in COVID-19 confirmed cases. However, these two scores have never been used as a method to predict the confirmed COVID-19 pateints among the the suspected COVID-19 cases. Aim: To evaluate the role of mRALES and Brixia score along with clinical and laboratory parameters in predicting confirmed positive cases among suspected COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in Department of Medicine at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India, from 1st to 15th December 2020. Case records of patients admitted with severe acute respiratory illness (suspected COVID-19) were accessed and used to fill up a proforma where clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. Chest radiographs (posteroanterior and anteroposterior) of the patients were evaluated to calculate mRALES and Brixia scores. Sensitivity, specificity, positive preditive value and negative predictive value were calculated. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of the 113 patients, 62 were males and 51 females. The COVID-19 positivity rate was 15.04% (n=17). Mean age of patients was 52.64±15.63 years. Overall, the mean mRALES and Brixia scores were not statistically different between suspected (mRALES=3.94±2.51, Brixia=7.29±4.642), and confirmed COVID19 (mRALES=4.25±2.56, Brixia=7.73±4.84) patients. However, in the subgroup of patients with history of obstructive airway disease, Brixia score was significantly higher among COVID-19 positive patients (7.09±4.70) as compared to COVID-19 suspected patients (0.53±4.31). Presence of low TLC {<9550/mm3 with sensitivity of 70.62%, specificity of 67.3%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 26.7% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 92.4%} and low ANC {< 7580/mm3 with sensitivity of 64.7%, specificity of 63.2%, PPV of 22.9% and NPV of 90.5%} significantly predicted the COVID-19 positivity among the suspected COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: mRALES and Brixia scores on CXR are not significantly different between suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients and hence, cannot be used to judge who among suspected COVID-19 patients will turn out to be COVID-19 positive later. However, a TLC of less than 9550/ mm3 and an ANC of less than 7580/mm3 can predict COVID-19 positivity among suspected patients.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF EGYPTIAN ROCK DOVE, COLUMBA LIVIA: ANATOMICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDIES

This work aims to study the effect of seasonal variations on anatomical, histological, and histochemical structures of the digestive tract of Egyptian rock dove (Columba livia). The digestive tract of rock dove consists of oesophagus, crop, stomach, small and large intestine. The regions of the digestive tract of rock dove differ from each other in the type of lining epithelium, the shape of folds formed by these epithelium, the distribution of glands within their layers, finally the thickness of these layers. The oesophagealmucosa is composed of keratinized squamous epithelium which appears thicker in the crop. This epithelium becomes more compressed and converts into simple columnar and cuboidal epithelium to line the glandular and muscular stomach respectively. This simple columnar epithelium also is lining the small and large intestine, caeca and cloaca. Most glands and the goblet cells that are distributed among the mucosa of different regions of the digestive tract indicate the presence of acid and neutral mucopolysaccharide secretions while proteins are observed in the different regions of the digestive tract. The hisomorphometrical studies of the digestive tract of the rock dove during the summer and winter seasons show no significant changes on the morphological and histochemical levels of the digestive tract except the oesophagus region. The present results confirmed that the Egyptian rock dove as a resident bird doesn't often have to face environmental changes.
Directors’ Foreign Experience and Firm Innovation

ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether board directors with foreign experience promote firm innovation. The evidence suggests that firms with a larger proportion of directors with foreign experience on their board have better innovation outcomes, both quantity and quality. This finding remains for various robustness tests. We propose three potential underlying channels behind and verify them. The findings show that the positive effect of directors’ foreign experience on firm innovation is stronger for highly innovative industries and more pronounced when foreign experience is gained in highly innovative countries, supporting the advising channel. Besides, independent directors exert a greater effect on innovation than non-independent directors, supporting the monitoring channel. Furthermore, directors with foreign experience provide more failure-tolerant CEO incentives as they lower CEO turnover-performance sensitivity and CEO pay-for-performance sensitivity, supporting the insurance channel. Overall, our paper provides robust and comprehensive evidence for the impact of directors’ foreign experience on firm innovation.
RESPONSE OF SOME SOYBEAN CULTIVARS TO ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION

Two field experiments were conducted at private farms in El-Semblawin, Dakahlia Governorate during 2005 and 2006 seasons to investigate the effect of cultivars (Giza 111, Crawford, Giza 35 and Giza 21) and fertilization treatments (farmyard, chicken, urea, 75% farmyard + 25% urea and 75% chicken + 25% urea) on growth, yield and yield components as well as seed oil and protein contents. A spilt plot design with four replications was used. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: 1Plants of Crawford were taller than the other cultivars (Giza 21, Giza 35 and Giza 111) in both seasons. While Giza 21 gave the highest number of branches, number of flowering groups and number of pods per plant, number of seeds/pod, number of seeds/plant, seed weight/plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield (ton fed) and oil and protein contents. While, Crowford gave the highest straw yield (ton/fed). However, Giza 111 gave the highest stem diameter as compared to the other cultivars. 2Application of 75% chicken + 25% urea significantly increased all the studied characters of soybean cultivars in both seasons. 3The interaction between Crawford and 75% chicken + 25% urea in both seasons had a significant effect on plant height and straw yields (ton/fed). 4The interaction between Giza 21 and fertilization with 75% chicken + 25% urea gave the highest number of branches and oil content in the first season only. 5The interaction between Giza 21 and fertilization with 75% chicken + 25% urea gave the highest values of number of flowering groups per plant, number of branches per plant, number of pods/plant, seeds weight/plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield (ton/fed) as well as oil and protein % of soybean seeds.
The effect of EF on PM performance in school-age children

ABSTRACT Prospective memory (PM) is vital for children to live independently. Theoretical and empirical evidence has shown that executive function (EF) plays an important role in children’s PM. However, there is no EF training for the PM of school-age children. Therefore, a 4-week EF training programme was conducted in this study to investigate the transfer effects of training on event-based PM in 8- to 12-year-old children. Children were randomly assigned to the EF training or control groups. The results revealed that EF training was more effective in enhancing children’s PM performance; in particular, there was a transfer effect of EF. Further findings suggested that this transfer effect was observed only in older children, which supported the magnification account that those with strong EF abilities profit most. Moreover, the benefits of training were predicted by inhibition and switching ability. Altogether, EF training has the potential to improve children’s PM, especially for children with better EF.
Treatment of Resectable Gallbladder Cancer

Simple Summary Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract cancer worldwide, with incidental GBC being the most common presentation of resectable gallbladder cancer today. While surgery remains the only curative treatment, important progress has been made in the understanding of molecular pathogenesis and systemic treatment options. Abstract Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract cancer worldwide and its incidence has significant geographic variation. A unique combination of predisposing factors includes genetic predisposition, geographic distribution, female gender, chronic inflammation, and congenital developmental abnormalities. Today, incidental GBC is the most common presentation of resectable gallbladder cancer, and surgery (minimally invasive or open) remains the only curative treatment available. Encouragingly, there is an important emerging role for systemic treatment for patients who have R1 resection or present with stage III–IV. In this article, we describe the pathogenesis, surgical and systemic treatment, and prognosis.
Relationships between basic psychological needs and violent extremist attitudes: The mediating role of actively open-minded thinking

Abstract Although violent extremist attitudes promote extremist violence, little is known about the process through which these attitudes develop. Therefore, the present study attempted to advance knowledge of their development by exploring the relationships between three basic psychological needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), four dimensions of actively open-minded thinking (dogmatism, fact resistance, liberalism, and belief personification), and violent extremist attitudes. This study also aimed at examining whether the dimensions of actively open-minded thinking could account for the relationships between psychological needs and violent extremist attitudes. Five hundred nine adult volunteers (254 females and 255 males, M age = 33.20, SD age = 12.31) answered online questionnaires that assessed psychological needs, actively open-minded thinking, and violent extremist attitudes. I built and analyzed two structural equation models, and the results revealed that relatedness satisfaction negatively predicted violent extremist attitudes through experiencing lower levels of belief personification (i.e., dichotomized mode of thinking opposing “me/us” to “them”) (Model 1), while relatedness frustration positively predicted violent extremist attitudes through experiencing enhanced sense of belief personification (Model 2). Finally, this study highlighted the importance of satisfying people’s need for relatedness and helping them counteract the development of binary attitudes toward others, as preventive strategies against radicalization to violence.
Effects of Working from Home on Job Performance: Empirical Evidence in the Saudi Context during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This research investigated the mediating role of attitudes and perceptions between working from home (WFH) and employees’ job performance. It also explored the role of gender, education level, and job position in the relationship between specifications and facilities when working from home, as well as attitudes and perceptions. This study is exploratory and capitalizes on novel findings from a questionnaire. Data were collected from 399 employees employed by the principal Saudi businesses. The current study uses structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses and examines the direct and indirect relationship between working from home and employees’ job performance. The results confirmed the significant direct linkage between WFH and employees’ job performance through the mediating roles of WFH employees’ attitudes and perceptions. Our findings also confirm the significant relationship between WFH employees’ attributes and their job performance, and the significant association between WFH and job performance. However, our results identified the fact that perceptions have an inverse impact on job performance. This study also provides significant theoretical and practical insights for managers who are adopting WFH. It contributes empirically to the literature by informing managers of the factors driving job performance in WFH, helping organizations to cope with the many issues related to a workforce who are working from home. Our research findings also ascertained that WFH seems likely to become a permanent managerial practice in terms of human resources, rather than a simple circumstantial measure. Moreover, this study can be considered as one of the first studies that assess the effect of WFH on employees’ job performance via a mediation role of employee attributes, in the context of Saudi firms.
IMMEDIATELY LOADED MANDIBULAR FIXED DETACHABLE RESTORATIONS SUPPORTED BY AXIALLY ALIGNED IMPLANTS VERSUS IMPLANTS PLACED ACCORDING TO ALL-ON-FOUR CONCEPT

INTRODUCTION: The alveolar ridge undergoes progressive atrophy following tooth loss, which increases over time, especially in edentulous patients. The fixed detachable implant supported prosthesis represents an established modality for the restoration of edentulous and partially edentulous jaws. Although the all-on-four technique has high predictability, it still has some limitations such as the presence of a cantilever in the prosthesis. Photoelastic analysis of stress distribution shows that increasing implant angulation, results in higher stress exerted on the cervical bone adjacent to the implant. Implants should be aligned in such a way as to allow the prosthesis to be constructed directing the occlusal forces in a vertical direction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare clinically and radiographically the peri-implant tissues around 4 mandibular interforaminal implants supporting full arch fixed detachable restorations having tilted posterior implants with posterior cantilevers, versus vertical implants, two in the interforaminal region and two in the first molar region, without posterior cantilevers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty six implants were placed in the mandibles of 14 edentulous patients. Four implants were placed for every participant, who were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups. Axial group implants were vertically aligned, two in the interforaminal region and two in the molar region. Tilted group implants had two anterior vertical and two posterior distally inclined implants. Interim screw retained prostheses converted from pre-existing dentures were immediately modified and loaded on the same day of surgery. After 3 months, all participants received fixed detachable metal acrylic resin definitive restorations. A follow-up protocol of 3, 6, and 12 months was scheduled to assess the modified gingival index, modified plaque index, peri-implant probing depth, implant stability, and marginal bone level and bone density changes. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences (P>.05) in the modified gingival index, modified plaque index, periimplant probing depth, implant stability, bone density and marginal bone level among the studied groups during one year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Placing 4 flapless immediately loaded implants in mandibular edentulous patients that supported full arch fixed restorations provided high implant and Prosthetic success rates whether posterior implants were tilted with posterior cantilevers or vertically aligned without posterior cantilevers.
Investigating the Impacts of a Global Pandemic and George Floyd’s Death on Crime and Other Features of Police Work

Abstract The current study involves a two-level examination of the impact of COVID-19 and George Floyd’s death on police work in the Tempe (AZ) Police Department. We employ interrupted time series analysis to test weekly trends (January 2017–January 2021) in crime and officer activity measures. We also examine body-worn camera footage (n = 474) to compare dynamics of police-citizen encounters over time. The impact on crime was mixed and varied by crime type. When declines occurred, they were short-term. The pandemic altered every aspect of police activity, and George Floyd’s death led to separate impacts on a few of those measures. Overall, the pandemic had a larger impact than did George Floyd’s death. Routine activities theory proved to be a useful framework for understanding the findings. Body-worn camera footage highlighted the consistency in how officers handled citizen encounters. The findings underscore the importance of localized context for these events and their effects.
Dynamics of air–sea carbon dioxide fluxes and their trends in the global context

This article reviews the dynamics of CO2 fluxes in the global scenario. Most of the available techniques for sea-surface CO2 partial-pressure estimation are regional models that depend on the key regulating parameters of partial pressures. Global-scenario of fluxes reveals a contrasting trend, indicating subpolarand polar-waters dominated by physical forcings in winter, releasing CO2 whereas a biological drawdown of atmospheric CO2 in summer. In the tropical oceans, thermalregulation weakens biological forcing leading to influx in winter and outflux in summer. The Atlantic Ocean acts as an intense sink (–815 to –1295 mmol C m yr); the strong source in the Pacific-equatorial belt is balanced by temperate sinks. The Indian Ocean as a whole acts as a sink (–8.41 × 10 mmol C yr) whereas the northwestern sub-basin acts as a source (2.04 × 10 mmol C yr). The net global ocean uptake is 50 × 10 mmol C yr where the physicaland biologicalforcings along with seasonality play crucial roles in the flux direction.
Management of brain metastasis. Surgical resection versus stereotactic radiotherapy: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Treatment of metastatic brain tumors often involves radiotherapy with or without surgical resection as the first step. However, the indications for when to use surgery are not clearly defined for certain tumor sizes and multiplicity. This study seeks to determine whether resection of brain metastases versus exclusive radiotherapy provided improved survival and local control in cases where metastases are limited in number and diameter. Methods According to PRISMA guidelines, this meta-analysis compares outcomes from treatment of a median number of brain metastases ≤ 4 with a median diameter ≤ 4 cm with exclusive radiotherapy versus surgery followed by radiotherapy. Four randomized control trials and 11 observational studies (1693 patients) met inclusion criteria. For analysis, studies were grouped based on whether radiation involved stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Results In both analyses, there was no difference in survival between surgery ± SRS versus SRS alone two years after treatment (OR 1.89 (95% CI: 0.47–7.55, P = .23) or surgery + WBRT versus radiotherapy alone (either WBRT and/or SRS) (OR 1.18 (95% CI: 0.76–1.84, P = .46). However, surgical patients demonstrated greater risk for local tumor recurrence compared to SRS alone (OR 2.20 (95% CI: 1.49–3.25, P < .0001)) and compared to WBRT/SRS (OR 2.93; 95% CI: 1.68–5.13, P = .0002). Conclusion The higher incidence of local tumor recurrence for surgical patients suggests that more prospective studies are needed to clarify outcomes for treatment of 1-4 metastasis less than 4 cm diameter.
Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In 1m HCL By Catechin Monomers From Commercial Green Tea Extracts

The inhibitory effect of two Indonesian green tea extracts (containing various catechins) were investigated on the corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl medium. The anticorrosion effect was evaluated by conventional weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarisation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. The results evidenced that both the tea extracts act as a good corrosion inhibitor and the inhibition effi ciencies (% IE) were in good agreement for all the studies. Adsorption of green tea extract constituent was found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the calculated Gibb’s free energy values indicated the physisorption of inhibitor over the mild steel surface. SEM – EDX studies show the adsorption of catechin monomers which forms a protective layer over the mils steel surface. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to quantify the catechin fractions in the tea extract and it was found that eight catechin monomers were present in both tea extracts. From all of monomers, it was found that four monomers were identifi ed as components responsible for controlling the dissolution of mild steel in 1 M HCl medium.
The Mechanisms of Restenosis and Relevance to Next Generation Stent Design

Stents are lifesaving mechanical devices that re-establish essential blood flow to the coronary circulation after significant vessel occlusion due to coronary vessel disease or thrombolytic blockade. Improvements in stent surface engineering over the last 20 years have seen significant reductions in complications arising due to restenosis and thrombosis. However, under certain conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of stent-mediated complications remains 2–4-fold higher than seen in non-diabetic patients. The stents with the largest market share are designed to target the mechanisms behind neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) through anti-proliferative drugs that prevent the formation of a neointima by halting the cell cycle of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Thrombosis is treated through dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT), which is the continual use of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor for 6–12 months. While the most common stents currently in use are reasonably effective at treating these complications, there is still significant room for improvement. Recently, inflammation and redox stress have been identified as major contributing factors that increase the risk of stent-related complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this review is to examine the mechanisms behind inflammation and redox stress through the lens of PCI and its complications and to establish whether tailored targeting of these key mechanistic pathways offers improved outcomes for patients, particularly those where stent placement remains vulnerable to complications. In summary, our review highlights the most recent and promising research being undertaken in understanding the mechanisms of redox biology and inflammation in the context of stent design. We emphasize the benefits of a targeted mechanistic approach to decrease all-cause mortality, even in patients with diabetes.