Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal association between mental health and future antibiotic prescriptions in healthy adults: Results from the LOHAS

Objectives To investigate the association of mental health and subjective physical functioning with future antibiotic prescriptions. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting A rural town in Japan. Participants Participants who completed the baseline survey (2008–2010) of the Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study (LOHAS) were recruited. Participants were limited to those without comorbidities according to the Charlson comorbidity index. Participants using antibiotics at baseline were excluded. Mental health and physical functioning were assessed using the Mental Health and Physical Functioning domains of the Short-Form 12 Health Survey, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Mental Health Inventories at baseline. Main outcome measures The main outcome was antibiotic prescriptions found in claims data during 1 year after the baseline survey. Results A total of 967 participants were included in the analysis, and 151 (15.6%) participants with at least one missing variable for the confounding factors were excluded, leaving 816 participants for the primary analysis. Among the 816 participants, 65 (8.0%) were newly prescribed at least one antibiotic during the 1-year follow-up period. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins (44 prescriptions; 35.5%), macrolides (28 prescriptions; 22.6%), and quinolones (23 prescriptions; 18.6%). A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed an association between higher mental health scores and future antibiotic prescriptions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.40 per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.90), whereas no significant relationship was observed between Physical Functioning scores and future antibiotic prescriptions (AOR, 0.95 per 1 SD increase; 95% CI, 0.75–1.22). During the secondary analysis, adults with depressive symptoms were less likely to be prescribed antibiotics (AOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11–0.70). Conclusions Better mental health was associated with increased future antibiotic prescriptions for healthy community-dwelling Japanese adults, suggesting that mentally healthier adults could be a target population for reducing antimicrobial use.
The ALS-Related σ1R E102Q Mutant Eludes Ligand Control and Exhibits Anomalous Response to Calcium

Sigma receptor type 1 (σ1R) is a transmembrane protein expressed throughout the central nervous system and in certain peripheral tissues. The human σ1R E102Q mutation causes juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), likely by inducing a series of alterations in calcium efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria that affects calcium homeostasis and cellular survival. Here, we report the influence of calcium on σ1R E102Q associations with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and transient receptor potential calcium channels A1, V1, and M8. The mutant protein inhibited the binding of calmodulin to these calcium channels and interacted less with BiP than wild-type σ1R, thereby contributing to calcium homeostasis dysfunction. Mutant σ1R, but not wild-type σ1R, strongly bound to histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1, which regulates neuromuscular synaptic organization and target selection through teneurin 1. While ligands regulated the association of σ1R wild-type with NMDARs and BiP, they failed to modulate the interaction between these proteins and the σ1R E102Q mutant. Thus, the σ1R E102Q mutant exhibited an anomalous response to cytosolic calcium levels, altered affinity for target proteins, and a loss of response to regulatory ligands. We believe that these modifications may contribute to the onset of juvenile ALS.
Effects on sleep from group activity with a robotic seal for nursing home residents with dementia: a cluster randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Objectives: Sleep disturbances are common in people with dementia and increase with the severity of the disease. Sleep disturbances are complex and caused by several factors and are difficult to treat. There is a need for more robust and systematic studies dealing with sleep disturbances in older people with dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate effects from robot-assisted (Paro) group activity on sleep patterns in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia. Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting: Special care units in 10 NH in Norway. Participants: A total of 60 participants over 65 years with dementia were recruited. Thirty participants were recruited to the intervention group and 30 participants to the control group. Intervention: Participants participated in group activity with Paro for 30 minutes twice a week over 12 weeks or in control group (treatment as usual). Measurements: Sleep–wake patterns were assessed objectively by 7 days of wrist actigraphy before and after the intervention. Data were collected between March 2013 and September 2014. Data were analyzed using mixed models. Results: Positive effects on change in sleep were found in the intervention group as compared with the control group. The intervention group increased percentage of sleep efficiency, increased the amount of total sleep time and reduced number of nocturnal awakenings. In addition, a significant effect was found in reduced awakenings after sleep onset. Conclusions: Social stimulation through engaging group activity could contribute to improved sleep in people with dementia in NH. Increased sleep efficiency and total sleep time, in addition to fewer night awakenings, affect central indicators of good sleep quality across the life span. Improved sleep quality will also affect quality of life and comorbidities in vulnerable groups. We believe group activity with Paro to be an accessible and feasible non-pharmacological treatment for those who enjoy Paro.
Overall tolerability of Integrase Inhibitors in clinical practice: results from a multicenter Italian cohort.

BACKGROUND International guidelines recommend the use of INI-based regimens as first line ARV in both naïve and experienced HIV-infected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed a multicenter cohort of HIV-infected patients, both naïve and experienced, starting a ARV including an INI. Chi-square test and non-parametric tests were used to assess differences in categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis were performed to estimate the probability of maintaining the study-drug and Cox-regression analysis to evaluate predictors of discontinuation. RESULTS We enrolled 4343 patients: 3143 (72.4%) were males, with a median age of 49 years (IQR 41-55). Naïve patients were 733 (16.9%), of whom 168 (22.9%) AIDS-presenters. Overall, 2282 patients (52.5%) started DTG, 1426 (32.8%) RAL and 635 (14.7%) EVG. During 10032 PYFU, we observed 1278 discontinuations (13 per 100PYFU); 448 of them (35%) due to simplification and 355 (28%) to toxicities (98 for CNS toxicity). Reasons of discontinuation were different between INIs. Estimated probability of maintaining DTG at 3 and 4 years were 81.5% (95%CI 80.5-82.5) and 76.3% (95%CI 73.9-78.7), respectively; RAL 61.6% (95%CI 60.2-63.0) and 54.1% (95%CI 52.7-55.5); EVG 71.6% (95%CI 69.2-74.0) and 68.3% (95%CI 65.3-71.3) (p<0.001). At a multivariable analysis, being on a RAL-based ARV (vs DTG, aHR 2.9, 95%CI 2.3-3.6, p<0.001), a EVG-based ARV (vs DTG, aHR 1.3 95%CI 1.1-1.7, p=0.049) and a peak HIV-RNA>500k cp/mL (aHR 1.3, 95%CI 1.1-1.6, p=0.006) predicted INI discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm the good tolerability of INIs in clinical practice. Differences emerge between the three drugs in reasons for discontinuation.
Telehealth tinnitus therapy during the COVID-19 outbreak in the UK: uptake and related factors

Abstract Objective The Audiology Department at the Royal Surrey County Hospital usually offers face-to-face audiologist-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for tinnitus rehabilitation. During COVID-19 lockdown, patients were offered telehealth CBT via video using a web-based platform. This study evaluated the proportion of patients who took up the offer of telehealth sessions and factors related to this. Design Retrospective service evaluation. Study sample 113 consecutive patients whose care was interrupted by the lockdown. Results 80% of patients accepted telehealth. The main reasons for declining were not having access to a suitable device and the belief that telehealth appointments would not be useful. Compared to having no hearing loss in the better ear, having a mild or moderate hearing loss increased the chance of declining telehealth by factors of 3.5 (p = 0.04) and 14.9 (p = 0.038), respectively. High tinnitus annoyance as measured via the visual analogue scale increased the chance of declining telehealth appointments by a factor of 1.4 (p = 0.019). Conclusions Although CBT via telehealth was acceptable to most patients, alternatives may be necessary for the 20% who declined. These tended to have worse hearing in their better ear and more annoying tinnitus.
Cortical Influences on Diving Bradycardia in Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)

Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) freely diving for food in an indoor tank were monitored with a video camera and a VCR unit. The EKG was telemetered from the animals and recorded on the audio channel of the VCR tape. Heart rate responses to voluntary dives were analyzed and compared with those from escape andforced dives. Heart rate responses from decorticate and sham-operated muskrats were also recorded to elucidate the role that the cerebral cortex plays in the dive response. In intact animals voluntary, escape, and forced submergence resulted in progressively greater decreases in heart rate. At 5 s into the dive, heart rate had fallen by 56% in voluntary dives, 65% in escape dives, and 73% in forced dives. Intensification of the bradycardia in escape and forced dives to a lower heart rate than that seen in voluntary dives was mediated by the cerebral cortex. Heart rate in decorticate muskrats in escape and forced dives did not fall below that seen in voluntary dives. However, there appeared to be a recovery of cortical function in decorticate muskrats because intensification of bradycardia in forced dives reappeared with time after surgery. Diving bradycardia was not due to fear or stress but occurred as a result ofsubmersion per se, although there was a marked cortical influence on the response in that bradycardia was intensified in escape and forced dives.
Distributed Formation Control of Multiple Euler–Lagrange Systems: A Multilayer Framework

In this technical correspondence, a multilayer formation (MLF) control problem is considered and solved by a unified framework. The agents in each layer present a sort of hierarchical distinction: receive information from former layers, communicate inside the current layer, and send information to subsequent layers. With an arbitrary number of layers, we extend the previous result from undirected graphs to directed ones. The proposed controller achieves MLF without using the distributed estimators and the acceleration information. This removes the induced discontinuities and alleviates the system complexity. It is then proved that the closed-loop errors are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Potential soil moisture deficit: an alternative approach for irrigation scheduling in wheat.

Wheat is a staple food of Pakistan and its productivity is linked with water supply. Potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD) is an approach to save water. PSMD technique was utilized to grow early and late sowing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for optimum yield. The experiment was conducted at the agronomic research area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2010‒2011 and 2011‒2012. The experimental design was randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement with three replications. The main plot was sowing dates (15 November and 15 December) and the sub-plots were levels of irrigation based on PSMD (full irrigation, 45 mm, 60 mm and 75 mm). The row spacing as set 20 cm and the seed rate was 125 kg ha using cv. Sahar-2006. Fertilizer was applied at 120:90 kg ha of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Data were recorded for yield and yield components at maturity. Irrigation at 45 mm PSMD for crop sown on November 15 produced maximum grain yield. During both years, maximum plant height, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, productive of tillers (m), grain yield and WUE were recorded with full irrigation and irrigation at 45 mm PSMD respectively. Results revealed that deficit irrigation at 45 mm PSMD was water saving as compared to farmer conventional practice of full irrigation. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers
Mental Disorder Symptoms Among Nurses in Canada

Background Nurses face regular exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events as part of their occupational responsibilities. Cumulative stress due to repeated exposure to such events is associated with poor mental health and an increased risk of developing clinically significant symptoms consistent with some mental disorders. Purpose The current study was designed to estimate rates of mental disorder symptoms among nurses in Canada and identify demographic characteristics that are associated with increased risk for mental disorder symptoms. Method An online survey was conducted with Canadian nurses in both English and French. Participants were recruited largely through the Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions (CFNU) member unions, non-CFNU member unions, and social media. The survey assessed current mental disorder symptoms using well-validated screening measures. Results A total of 4267 participants (93.8% women) completed the survey. Almost half of participants screened positive for a mental disorder (i.e., 47.9%). No gender differences emerged. Significant differences in proportions of positive screens based on each measure were found across demographic groups (e.g., age, province of residence, type of nurse). Conclusions The rate of positive screens appears much higher than mental disorder prevalence rates in the general Canadian population, but there were important methodological differences. The current results provide potentially important information to support researchers and healthcare administrators to investigate possible ways to mitigate and manage mental health in nursing workplaces.
Sympathetic Regulation of the NCC (Sodium Chloride Cotransporter) in Dahl Salt–Sensitive Hypertension

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Increased sympathoexcitation and renal sodium retention during high salt intake are hallmarks of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. The mechanism(s) by which excessive sympathetic nervous system release of norepinephrine influences renal sodium reabsorption is unclear. However, studies demonstrate that norepinephrine can stimulate the activity of the NCC (sodium chloride cotransporter) and promote the development of SSH (salt-sensitive hypertension). The adrenergic signaling pathways governing NCC activity remain a significant source of controversy with opposing studies suggesting a central role of upstream α1- and β-adrenoceptors in the canonical regulatory pathway involving WNKs (with-no-lysine kinases), SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline alanine-rich kinase), and OxSR1 (oxidative stress response 1). In our previous study, α1-adrenoceptor antagonism in norepinephrine-infused male Sprague-Dawley rats prevented the development of norepinephrine-evoked SSH in part by suppressing NCC activity and expression. In these studies, we used selective adrenoceptor antagonism in male Dahl salt–sensitive rats to test the hypothesis that norepinephrine-mediated activation of the NCC in Dahl SSH occurs via an α1-adrenoceptor dependent pathway. A high-salt diet evoked significant increases in NCC activity, expression, and phosphorylation in Dahl salt–sensitive rats that developed SSH. Increases were associated with a dysfunctional WNK1/4 dynamic and a failure to suppress SPAK/OxSR1 activity. α1-adrenoceptor antagonism initiated before high-salt intake or following the establishment of SSH attenuated blood pressure in part by suppressing NCC activity, expression, and phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings support the existence of a norepinephrine-activated α1-adrenoceptor gated pathway that relies on WNK/SPAK/OxSR1 signaling to regulate NCC activity in SSH.
Population Structure, Reproduction, and Lipid Cycling in the Dusky Shiner (Notropis cummingsae) in Contrasting Streams

To document the reproductive and lipid cycle of the dusky shiner, and to determine how environmental differences can influence patterns of reproduction and lipid storage, I sampled dusky shiners from January 1989 to June 1991 from two streams in west central South Carolina: Upper Three Runs and Four Mile Creek. The streams were chosen because of likely differences in primary productivity. Sex, ovary mass, reproductive stage, somatic dry mass, and lipid mass were quantified, as appropriate, for all individuals sampled. There were many differences between the two streams that suggested shiners in Four Mile Creek had greater resource availability during most years, including greater monthly growth, larger ovaries, a longer spawning season, and higher maximulm somatic lipid levels. In both streams, females accumulated lipid prior to ovarian enlargement and depleted lipid through a spawning season that spanned three or four months. Males accumulated and depleted lipid in a pattern similar to that seen in females but not to the same extent. There was no apparent lipid acclmulation or depletion in immature individuals. There was a clear temporal relationship between lipid accumulation and ovarian enlargement. Lipid accumulation appears to be a prerequisite for reproduction. Lipid accumulation in fall appears to be facultative and not a prerequisite for winter survival. Size-specific differences in reproductive performance appear to be the product of size-specific differences in lipid storage. Large adults became rare in late summer when lipid levels were low. The differences between the two populations are consistent with the theoretical expectation that greater resource availability favors earlier maturation and greater allocation to reproduction.
Genetic analysis in Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

Bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] is a short duration vegetable crop that could fit well in any cropping system. Karaikal located along the East Coast at the tail end of river Cauvery is suitable for cultivation of this nutritionally and commercially important vegetable crop. As identification of any high yielding genotypes depends on the extent of variability present in the germplasm and the extent of genetic gain expected out of selection for most desired traits, a study was conducted with forty genotypes of bhendi to assess the extent of variability, heritability and genetic gain, besides studying the nature and extent of correlation of important yield determinants on yield of bhendi. The presence of wide variation along with high heritability and genetic gain indicated the predominance of additive gene action for fruit length, fruit weight, number of fruits plant -1 and fruit yield plant -1 . Correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed the importance of number of fruits plant -1 and fruit weight as important yield determinants in bhendi .
Acid-Base and Ionic Regulation in the American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) During and after Prolonged Aerial Exposure: Branchial and Renal Adjustments

To whom reprint request should be addressed. The involvement of the gill and kidney in acid-base regulation was examined in the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, during 36h of continuous air-exposure and subsequent return to water. While in air, eels developed a severe mixed respiratory/- metabolic acidosis. Renal acid excretion increased only slightly during the latter stages of air-exposure. A pronounced reduction in urine flow rate was important to minimize dehydration but essentially eliminated the kidney as a route for excess acid excretion. Upon return to the water, eels had accrued an extracellular metabolic acid load of 9.53 mmol 1 −1 . The metabolic acid was cleared from the extracellular compartment at an exceptionally low rate (approximately 70μmol kg −1 h −1 ) and about 50 % of the acid load remained after 18 h of recovery in water. The clearance of metabolic acid was accounted for by enhanced branchial acid excretion which was related primarily to adjustments of unidirectional Na + fluxes. Unidirectional Cl − fluxes were undetectable using radiotracer methods. We speculate that the inefficiency of acid-base regulation in the eel compared to other teleosts is, in part, related to the absence of significant branchial C1 − /HCO 3 − exchange.
Efficacy of plant products and combinations with cypermethrin in management of Earias vittella of Okra

Among all treatments, combination of cypermethrin 25 EC at 0.025% + neem oil (0.5%) was most effective by recording lowest shoot and fruit damage (3.3 & 4.4%), respectively with higher CBR (1:3.05) and yield 94.95 q/ha, followed by cypermethrin 25 EC at 0.05% (4.1 & 6.8%), combination of cypermethrin 25 EC at 0.025% + NSKE 2.5%, (4.8 & 7.6%), combination of cypermethrin 25 EC at 0.025% + karanj oil 0.5% (5.9 & 9.6%), neem oil 1% (8.0 & 11.3%), NSKE 5% (9.3 & 11.9%), and karanj oil @ 1% was recorded less effective among all treatments with (11.2 & 16.5%) shoot and fruit damage, respectively.
Response of Gobhi Sarson (Brassica napus L., ISN-706) to nitrogen and sulphur

Seed and straw yield of gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L., ISN-706) increased significantly due to N application in a greenhouse experiment on sandy loam soil (Typic Ustochrept). Application of S also enhanced the seed and straw yield. However, the effect was limited to the application of 50 kg S ha−1 in case of seed and 75 kg S ha−1 in case of straw yield. Combined application of 120 kg N ha−1 along with 50 kg S ha−1 gave the maximum seed yield (5.60 g/pot). Nitrogen and sulphur application also increased the uptake of nitrogen and sulphur and oil yield significantly.
Infantile Colic—The Perspective of German and Polish Pediatricians in 2020

The objective of the study was to characterize how infantile colic is perceived and managed by German and Polish pediatricians. Data in both countries were collected by using a paper questionnaire with seven questions and predefined and free text fields for the answers. Answers from 160 German and 133 Polish pediatricians were collected. The average of the occurrence rates estimated by both responder groups were at the higher end of published rates. The majority of pediatricians from both countries rated the parental burden caused by infantile colic to be high or very high. Pediatricians’ awareness about the association between infantile colic and maternal depression and premature termination of breastfeeding is relatively well established in both countries. While more than 90% of German pediatricians stated knowledge of infantile colic being a major risk factor for shaken baby syndrome, this knowledge was only declared by half of the Polish responders. Pharmacological interventions, pro-/synbiotics or simethicone, are part of the treatment repertoire of nearly all responding pediatricians. In addition, non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., change of feeding, change of parental behavior) are also among the employed interventions. Results of this study will allow to better design and prioritize communication about infantile colic directed at pediatricians.