Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep learning and knowledge graph for image/video captioning: A review of datasets, evaluation metrics, and methods

Generating an image/video caption has always been a fundamental problem of Artificial Intelligence, which is usually performed using the potential of Deep Learning Methods, Computer Vision, Knowledge Graphs, and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The significant task of image/video captioning is to describe visual content in terms of natural language. Due to a semantic gap, this presents a massive problem in understanding and explaining images or videos syntactically and semantically. The current systems need somewhere to fill the gap between low‐level and high‐level features while mapping. Therefore, to tackle this problem, there is a need to describe the latest research and methods to overcome difficulties and to propose effective solutions. This work thoroughly analyses and investigates the most related methods (deep learning and knowledge graph‐based approaches), benchmark datasets, and evaluation metrics with their benefits and limitations. Here we have also reviewed the state‐of‐the‐art methods related to image/video captioning and their applications in the current scenario. Finally, we provide thorough information on existing research with comparisons of results on benchmark datasets. We have also mentioned the existing challenges and future direction of research.
Barriers and enablers to vaccination in the ultra-orthodox Jewish population: a systematic review

Background The Jewish Ultra-Orthodox (UO) population is an under-vaccinated minority group that has been disproportionally affected by outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) such as measles and polio. Underlying reasons remain poorly characterized. We aimed to identify vaccination barriers and enablers in this population. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature (PROSPERO: CRD42021273001), searching Pub-med, Web of science, Medline, PsychNet and Scopus from 1995 to 2021 for quantitative and qualitative primary research in English. Studies published outside the date range, not including barriers or enablers, or that were non-primary research were excluded. We assessed included publications for quality and extracted relevant data based on the 5As taxonomy: access, awareness, affordability, acceptance and activation. Results We included nine qualitative and seven quantitative studies from the 125 studies identified. Access barriers included scheduling difficulties, inconvenient opening hours, and logistical difficulties related to having multiple young children. Acceptance barriers included safety concerns. Insufficient knowledge about the importance of vaccine and timely vaccination and the perception of being shielded from infections because of seclusion from wider society were key awareness barriers. Competing priorities, such as work and housework, were the main affordability barriers. Mainstream religious leadership’s support for vaccination was an enabler, although recent studies suggest their influence on vaccination behavior is decreasing and influence of anti-vaccination messages is growing. Discussion Barriers to vaccination among the UO were mainly logistical, with little religious framing. Safety and efficacy concerns were similar to those reported in the wider community. Decreasing influence of the traditionally pro-vaccine mainstream religious leadership and growing influence of anti-vaccination movements targeting the UO community are new phenomena that require close monitoring. Tailored interventions are required to protect the community and wider society against future VPD outbreaks. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: CRD42021273001.
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of coastal aeolian sand accumulation in Sanday, Orkney Islands, Scotland

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sand has been used to identify periods of enhanced aeolian activity at two coastal archaeological sites in Orkney that coincide with periods of Holocene climatic deterioration recorded elsewhere in both Scotland and W Europe. Areas of Tofts Ness, Sanday were settled from the Neolithic, abandoned in the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age, reoccupied and permanently abandoned in the Iron Age. Sand layers above the Neolithic soils have been OSL dated to about 4000 BP, correlating well with a period of increased aeolian activity elsewhere in W Europe. OSL dating of aeolian sands above midden deposits and a Bronze Age burial at Lopness on Sanday suggest dune development by 3000 BP, although both sites also contain sand that was deposited during the `Little Ice Age'. Several possible mechanisms may have contributed to an increase in aeolian activity during the Holocene that led to the abandonment of these sites. Although volcanic eruptions in Iceland cannot be discounted as a contributory factor, a more likely driver of change in sand dune systems is the enhanced N Atlantic storminess suggested by ice core records from Greenland. During periods of climatic deterioration the declining productivity of other agricultural land places enhanced demands on agriculturally marginal sand dunes, leading to further destabilization and the potential for enhanced sand transport events.
Fluvial facies models: a review of Canadian research

Canadian river scientists made significant contributions to the early development (1960-80) of fluvial facies models, particularly to those for braided rivers. More recent Canadian studies (1980-92) have centred on understanding the facies sedimentology of anastomosed and wandering gravel-bed rivers. River planform facies models are distinctly limited as indicators of fluvial style because of: (1) spurious environmental correlations; (2) the difficulty of river planform definition; (3) differential preservation potential of facies; (4) inadequate and unsystematic field sampling; (5) flawed statistical testing; and (6) the inappropriate space scale adopted for analysis. The scale problems of facies analysis may be overcome by employing architectural element analysis in conjunction with modem geophysical methods such as shallow reflection seismology and ground-penetrating radar. Future research should focus on devising specific tests of element-scale sedimentological relationships based on the contemporary fluvial enrivonment.
A storm surge prediction model for the northern Bay of Bengal with application to the cyclone disaster in April 1991

Abstract A numerical model for simulating and predicting tides and storm surges in regions that include areas of open sea combined with estuarine channels and intertidal banks is described. The model makes use of modified depth-averaged equations with a numerical scheme in which the solution of 1D equations for narrow channels, 2D equations for the open sea, and an approach to modeling inundation are combined within a unified framework. This simplifies the construction of realistic models for complex coastal areas and deltas. The model is applied to the northern shelf of the Bay of Bengal and the Ganges Delta, including the coast of Bangladesh devastated by a cyclone surge in April 1991 in which about 140 000 people died. Hindcast and “forecast” simulations of this event, using forcing derived from a semianalytical cyclone model with data supplied by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), are described. It is shown that the timing of cyclone landfall and its coincidence with high tide determine the area.
Simultaneous hypersensitivity reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate in a dog

Antibiotics are known to be able to cause hypersensitivity reactions through various mechanisms. We present a case of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) and anaphylactic shock occurring simultaneously in a dog after the administration of two classes of antibiotics, namely trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC). The patient recovered completely from DITP on discontinuation of TMP-SMX and the anaphylactic shock caused by AMC was treated with intensive care. DITP is a rare adverse drug reaction (ADR), and anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening ADR. This is the first case report of a dog manifesting two types of hypersensitivity reactions caused by two antibiotics.
Mixed Layer Density Ratio from the Levitus Data

Abstract An analysis of the Levitus data is employed to examine Stommel's mixed layer density ratio regulator hypothesis. Three different methods of computing the lateral density ratio (Rl≡αΔT/βΔS) are used and the least squares method was found to have the least variance in the density ratio over the temperature range of 7°–17°C. Seasonal mean and annual mean density ratios in the North Pacific Ocean are calculated. The spring season has the highest density ratio of 2.1, and the fall season has the lowest of 1.64. The vertical variation in the lateral density ratio is small, in the upper 50 m, especially during the winter season. Overall, in the world's ocean, the mixed layer annual mean density ratios in the 7°–17°C range show remarkably consistent values, in support of Stommel's hypothesis. However, our estimate shows a systematically lower density ratio than that of Stommel in each ocean. Only the South Pacific and South Atlantic have density ratios equal to or slightly over 2. The North Pacific, Nort.
“If you weren't connected to the Internet, you were not alive”: experience of using social technology during COVID-19 in adults 50+

Introduction Loneliness and social isolation reduce physical and mental wellbeing. Older adults are particularly prone to social isolation due to decreased connection with previous social networks such as at workplaces. Social technology can decrease loneliness and improve wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted quarantine and social distancing for many people, creating a context of widespread social isolation. Method In the current study, we interviewed middle-aged and older adults' (n = 20) about their use of social technology when social isolation was common: during the early part of the pandemic while social isolation and masking were still required in the United States, between August 2020 and June 2021.We analyzed the data using three-phase coding. We compare our results against the model of the bidirectional and dynamic relationship between social internet use and loneliness. Results We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, our participants experienced decreased social interaction and moved toward online interaction. Participant use of social technology supported the stimulation hypothesis - that is, they used it to maintain existing relationships and social connection. The findings also add novel evidence that the stimulation hypothesis endures for older adults during enforced isolation (in this case due to the COVID- 19 pandemic). Discussion Based on our data, we also propose adding the presence or realism of connection via social technology as a main factor to the model and engaging with construal level theory of social presence to fill in critical variables of this relationship. We further find that digital exclusion acts as a barrier to obtaining benefits from stimulation via social technology and recommend that further research examined digital exclusion in relation to the bidirectional and dynamic model. Finally, we discuss recommendations for improving social technology to benefit middle-aged and older adults.
Length-Weight Relationship, Length Frequency Distribution and Condition Factor of the Shiny Nose Polydactylus quadrafilis (Cuvier, 1829) From the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria

This study was carried out to evaluate the length-weight relationship, length frequency distribution and condition factor of the Shiny Nose Polydactylus quadrafilis from the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. A total of 350 freshly caught specimens of P. quadrafilis were collected between April 2012 and March 2013 from the catches of the artisanal fisheries from major landing points of the estuary. Results obtained showed a negative allometric growth pattern for this fish species with a significant linear relationship given by the equation: TW= 0.1325TL 2.1884 and Log TW = 2.1884LogTL – 0.8777 (r = 0.8610, r 2 = 0.7413t, n = 350, P< 0.05, df = 348). The length frequency distribution of P. quadrafilis showed a unimodal class size distribution with the highest length frequency in 20.1cm -25 cm length class (291), followed by 25.1 cm -30.0 cm (32) and lowest (27) in 15.1cm – 20.0 cm respectively. Fulton‟s condition factor (K) ranged between 0.579 to 1.650 with a mean 1.075 ± 0.15, indicating that P. quadrafilis were in good physiological health condition. In conclusion, the baseline data on length-weight relationship, condition factor and length-frequency distribution of P. quadrafilis from the Cross River estuary provided in this study is crucial in the sustainable management of this species in the estuary. Also, these findings will be useful in evaluating the population dynamics, stock and the aquaculture potential of P. quadrafilis for future purpose.
MCHFormer: A Multi-Cross Hybrid Former of Point-Image for 3D Object Detection

Mismatch often occurs between local and global information in multimodal data during downscaling transformation, which results in the loss of localization information. A Multi-Cross Hybrid Former (MCHFormer) of point-image is proposed for 3D object detection in autonomous driving, which cross-fuses LiDAR with cameras at multiple levels. Specifically, the voxelized point cloud is firstly extracted through a Dual-Stream Feature Extraction (DSFE) network. Local fine-grained area information is integrated into the global feature information, which results in a multi-layered Bird's Eye View (BEV). Meanwhile, the raw coordinates of points are incorporated into point-wise features through position coding. Then, point features are projected onto image and BEV features to obtain highly coupled multimodal information, which achieves alignment of point cloud with image information. Finally, a multi-cross Transformer fuses multiple unimodal data into a hybrid representation with more spatial awareness, which achieves accurate 3D object detection. MCHFormer are conducted extensive comparative experiments with other State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) algorithms on the KITTI, NuScenes, Waymo datasets and real road scenes. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only has better accuracy and generalization capability, but also has accurate detection effect on real road scenarios.
Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge

[1] The interaction of the Juan de Fuca Ridge with the Cobb hot spot has had a considerable influence on the magmatism of the Axial Segment of the ridge, the second-order segment that overlies the hot spot. In addition to the construction of the large volcanic edifice of Axial Seamount, the Axial Segment has shallow bathymetry and a prevalence of constructional volcanic features along its 100-km length, suggesting that hot spot–derived magmas supplement and oversupply the ridge. Lavas are generally more primitive at Axial Seamount and more evolved in the Axial Segment rift zones, suggesting that fractional crystallization is enhanced with increasing distance from the hot spot because of a reduced magma supply and more rapid cooling. Although the Cobb hot spot is not an isotopically enriched plume, it produces lavas with some distinct geochemical characteristics relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalt, such as enrichments in alkalis and highly incompatible trace elements, that can be used as tracers to identify the presence and prevalence of the hot spot influence along the ridge. These characteristics are most prominent at Axial Seamount and decline in gradients along the Axial Segment. The physical model that can best explain the geochemical observations is a scenario in which hot spot and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas mix to varying degrees, with the proportions controlled by the depth to the MORB source. Modeling of two-component mixing suggests that MORB is the dominant component in most Axial Segment basalts.
Understanding Patients’ Experiences with Borderline Personality Disorder: Qualitative Interviews

Background Patient perspectives of living with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are not traditionally captured in the literature. To overcome this gap, we explored participants’ experiences with BPD to gain a better understanding of symptoms and impacts related to the condition. Methods Two experienced researchers conducted semistructured interviews with a subset of participants from a randomized controlled trial evaluating a BPD treatment. The interview study was independent from the trial. Interviews focused on participants’ experiences with BPD prior to the trial, including the symptoms and impacts of BPD. Interview transcripts were analyzed to identify dominant trends and generate patterns in the way participants described their experiences with BPD. Results A total of 50 adults with BPD participated in the interview study. The mean age of the participants was 28.5 years (range, 18–53 years) and 72.0% were female. All participants described having difficulties with extreme emotional responses and interpersonal relationships, and most participants reported experiencing issues with self-image, impulsivity, suspiciousness/distrust, feelings of emptiness, and anger. The symptoms that were most bothersome to participants were extreme moods or emotional responses and a pattern of unstable personal relationships. All participants remarked that their BPD-related symptoms negatively impacted their interpersonal relationships, and nearly two-thirds of the sample reported that the impact of BPD on their relationships was the most bothersome. Additionally, more than half of the participants discussed impacts on work or school, memory or thinking, self-care, and financial and legal issues. Conclusion Participants reported that the most bothersome symptoms of BPD were those related to extreme moods or emotional responses and interpersonal relationships. Participants similarly described the impact of BPD on their interpersonal relationships as the most bothersome. Overall, participant perspectives from this study indicate that the burden of BPD is significant and new treatments tailored to patients’ real-world needs are warranted.
Development of stress resistance (on an example of athletes’ training)

The relevance of the scientific work is caused by the priority of carrying out a detailed analysis of the influence of stress on the formation of psychological stability in professional athletes at the stage of preparation for competitions. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the impact that stress, depression, exhaustion and other negative factors have on the preparation of athletes for competition. To achieve this objective, several issues should be pursued, the content of which reflects the sequence of the stages of the study: to study the theoretical and methodological aspects of the influence of stress on the formation of psychological resilience; analyze the main trends in athlete ability to cope with stress; to study the main methods of forming psychological stability; develop methodological approaches to assess the impact of stress on psychological resilience; develop a set of proposals for psychological assistance to athletes in preparation for competitions. The key method in this scientific work is system analysis. It was applied in order to study the idea of the formation of psychological stability as a tool for combating stress factors in the context of the complex multi-component structure of professional sports. During the research, various methodological tools were used, such as the logical analysis method, the comparative method, the synthesis and deduction methods, the classification method, and the questionnaire method. The scientific work reveals the results of the research in the form of a table showing the results of stress assessment in the group of athletes and students; Factors affecting psychological stability are described; The factors influencing the probability of development of post-traumatic stress disorder are presented. The articles are of practical value to psychologists, sports coaches, teachers and students in the field of psychology and physical education. Keywords: improved regulations, post-traumatic stress disorder, physical culture, coping techniques, competition.
Resource Status of Wild Hawthorn in Xinjiang and Research Progress of Genetic Diversity in Hawthorn

Wild hawthorn is a rare wild plant resource endemic to the western Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang, containing three species: Crataegus songorica, C. alorocarpa and C. sanguirnta. However, the area of wild hawthorn forest has shrunken under the disturbance of human activities, genetic diversity has also suffered serious damage. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out the present status investigation of genetic diversity and assess the genetic differentiation of geographic populations of wild hawthorns. This paper summarizes the resource status of wild hawthorn in Xinjiang and research progress of genetic diversity in hawthorn, and developed an approach to screen molecular markers of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) using Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). SNP and SSR markers will be used to assess genetic diversity, genetic differentiations and genetic relationships of different populations of wild hawthorns.
A new hydrochloric acid 2-0 band analysis: Two temperature study

A new study of the 2−0 band of the hydrochloric acid molecule was performed by high resolution Fourier-transform absorption spectroscopy in the near infrared region. The spectra were measured at two different temperatures, 293 K and 315 K, for different pressures at each temperature. The spectral linewidths were analysed in a two-step procedure, being first performed by directly measuring the linewidth and second by fitting each spectral line to a model line profile, using Gaussian, Loretzian and Voigt profiles. A study of the profiles that best describe the spectral line fits is carried out in this work. The behavior of the spectral lines self-broadening and their corresponding self-induced shifts were studied for different values of rotational quantum numbers. The analysis was performed for both isotopes of the molecule and the self-broadening and self-shift coefficients were determined.
High‐latitude E and F region coupling signature: A case study results from rapid‐run ionosonde

Rapid‐run ionosonde installed in the high‐latitude Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory enables us to observe for the first time extraordinary details of E‐F region coupling process in high‐latitude ionosphere during geomagnetically quiet period. We present an example on 15 August 2009 when a dense, patchy sporadic E layer was detected. Associated with this unstable sporadic E layer, exhibiting in addition an unusual enhancement with a vertical extent of about 10 km, the highly structured F layer plasma was observed with apparent plasma depletions. We examine this event taking into account the presence of mesoscale traveling ionospheric disturbances which can initiate coupling between these two regions and compare the data with current theories.