Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Congenital Zika Syndrome: Muscle Tone, Motor Type, Body Segments Affected, and Gross Motor Function

ABSTRACT Aim: To identify abnormalities in muscle tone and motor function associated with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Method: A cross-sectional observational study involving 96 children (55 males) with CZS at a mean (SD) age 35.2 ± 2.9 months. Children’s muscle tone was investigated using the pull to sit, scarf sign, shoulder suspension and ventral suspension tests and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Motor impairment was determined using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and body segments most affected with motor impairment. Results: 58 (60,5%) children tested positive for ≥1 maneuver used to evaluate muscle tone, while 38 (39.5%) tested negative in all the tests. MAS score was >0 for at least one of the appendicular muscles in 91 children (94.8%). In 88 children (91.7%), all four limbs were affected. Conclusion: Findings suggestive of axial hypotonia and appendicular hypertonia associated with severe motor impairment were prevalent in children with CZS.
Hidden Hunger of Vitamin E among Healthy College Students: A Cross- Sectional Study

Background College students may have a risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies due to unhealthy dietary habits, especially for vitamin A and E. They are important members of the human antioxidant network; deficiencies of these vitamins may increase the risk of many critical diseases. Objective The current study was undertaken to determine the status of vitamin A and E in college students. Methods Healthy college students were recruited, and fasting blood samples of them were collected and used for determining serum levels of retinol and α-tocopherol by the HPLC method. Results We found that there was no vitamin A deficiency in college students. However, vitamin E deficiency existed in 34.5% of college students, especially in males. All the students had no vitamin E adequacy. In addition, our findings showed that BMI was inversely associated with serum α-tocopherol, but not serum retinol. Conclusion These results suggest that vitamin E deficiency in college students should be given more attention, and it is necessary to consider using vitamin E supplements.
Towards feasible and scalable solvent-free enzymatic polycondensations: integrating robust biocatalysts with thin film reactions

There is an enormous potential for synthesizing novel bio-based functionalized polyesters under environmentally benign conditions by exploiting the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of enzymes. Despite the wide number of studies addressing in vitro enzymatic polycondensation, insufficient progress has been documented in the last two decades towards the preparative and industrial application of this methodology. The present study analyses bottlenecks hampering the practical applicability of enzymatic polycondensation that have been most often neglected in the past, with a specific focus on solvent-free processes. Data here presented elucidate how classical approaches for enzyme immobilization combined with batch reactor configuration translate into insufficient mass transfer as well as limited recyclability of the biocatalyst. In order to overcome such bottlenecks, the present study proposes thin-film processes employing robust covalently immobilized lipases. The strategy was validated experimentally by carrying out the solvent-free polycondensation of esters of adipic and itaconic acids. The results open new perspectives for enlarging the applicability of biocatalysts in other viscous and solvent-free syntheses.
Protective effect of silymarin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a potent anticancer agents used for the treatment of solid tumors. However, its clinical use is often limited by its adverse effects including nephrotoxicity. The present study was designed to estimate if silymarin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant potential can inhibit or at least ameliorate the alteration in some renal structures induced by cisplatin in rats or not. Five equal-sized groups (18 rats each) of male Sprague Dawley rats [Control, vehicle; cisplatin (5 mg/kg); silymarin (50 mg/kg) 2 h after cisplatin injection; and silymarin (50 mg/kg) 2 h before cisplatin injection] were used. Results revealed that cisplatin produced animal behavioral and morphological changes, as well as cellular and subcellular changes in kidneys. The most important changes were: decreased body weight, increased kidney wet weight, atrophied glomeruli, dilated urinary space, loss of PCT brush borders, hypertrophied podocyte pedicels, thickened glomerular basement membrane as well as tubular cell vacuolization. Post-treatment of silymarin 2 h after cisplatin however, significantly increase the body weight returning it to normal value, yet it failed in complete protection against the pathological alteration caused by cisplatin. Pre-treatment with silymarin 2 h before cisplatin significantly decreased the histological and ultrastructural changes induced by cisplatin and appear highly protective. These results suggested that the effects of cisplatin on glomerular and renal tubular cells morphology could be totally or to a great extent inhibited by silymarin.
Factors Associated with Duration of Rehabilitation Among Older Adults with Prolonged Hospitalization

Older adults are prone to functional decline during prolonged hospitalization. Although rehabilitation therapy is critical to preserving function, little is known about rehabilitation duration (RD) in this population. We sought to determine the extent of rehabilitation therapy provided to older adults during prolonged hospitalization, and whether this differs by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Forecasting productivity using information from firm-level data

This paper contributes to the productivity literature by using results from rm-level productivity studies to improve forecasts of macro-level productivity growth. The paper employs current research methods on estimating rm-level productivity to build timesseries components that capture the joint dynamics of the rm-level productivity and size distributions. The main question of the paper is to assess whether the micro-aggregated components of productivity the so-called productivity decompositions add useful information to improve the performance of macro-level productivity forecasts. The paper explores various speci cations of decompositions and various forecasting experiments. The result from these horse-races is that micro-aggregated components improve simple aggregate total factor productivity forecasts. While the results are mixed for richer forecasting speci cations, the paper shows, using Bayesian model averaging techniques (BMA), that the forecasts using micro-level information were always better than the macro alternative. JEL classi cation: C11, C14, C32, C33, D24, O12, O47 Keywords: economic growth, production function, total factor productivity, aggregation, rm-level data, Bayesian analysis, forecasting Forecasting productivity using micro data
‘If you aren’t married yet, you’ll be married to your treatment from now on’: embodied mediations in a women’s HIV peer advisory project in Mexico

Abstract Treatment as Prevention is a key biopolitical intervention on the HIV epidemic but relies on individual adherence to antiretroviral treatment in order to have an effect on the population as a whole. Informed by a discussion of biopower, this paper analyses the complex relationships between discourses of competent authorities and modes of subjectification through a qualitative analysis of findings from 5 years of fieldwork associated with the action-research project Yantzin: Women HIV Peer Advisors in Mexico. It looks at the production of subjects of adherence, whereby peer advisors emerge as key agents at the interface between scientific and experiential knowledge. Contradictorily, the desire to live becomes feasible only by engaging with these biopolitical interventions. We discuss how peer advisors twist these technologies in such a way that they provide not only operations of power but also courses of action for desire. Through embodied mediation strategies that critique obedience to medical prescription and translate scientific information into bodily and emotionally shared experiences, peer advisors’ work goes beyond the behavioural rationality of biomedical models offering embodied proof for other women that, even when living with HIV, a project of happiness is possible.
Genetically Predicted Blood Pressure and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Observational studies have shown an association between hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF). Aggressive blood pressure management in patients with known AF reduces overall arrhythmia burden, but it remains unclear whether hypertension is causative for AF. To address this question, this study explored the relationship between genetic predictors of blood pressure and risk of AF. We secondarily explored the relationship between genetically proxied use of antihypertensive drugs and risk of AF. Two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed using an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis with weighted median Mendelian randomization and Egger intercept tests performed as sensitivity analyses. Summary statistics for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure were obtained from the International Consortium of Blood Pressure and the UK Biobank discovery analysis and AF from the 2018 Atrial Fibrillation Genetics Consortium multiethnic genome-wide association studies. Increases in genetically proxied systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or pulse pressure by 10 mm Hg were associated with increased odds of AF (systolic blood pressure: odds ratio [OR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.11–1.22]; P=1×10−11; diastolic blood pressure: OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.16–1.35]; P=3×10−8; pulse pressure: OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.0–1.2]; P=0.05). Decreases in systolic blood pressure by 10 mm Hg estimated by genetic proxies of antihypertensive medications showed calcium channel blockers (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.57–0.76]; P=8×10−9) and β-blockers (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.46–0.81]; P=6×10−4) decreased the risk of AF. Blood pressure–increasing genetic variants were associated with increased risk of AF, consistent with a causal relationship between blood pressure and AF. These data support the concept that blood pressure reduction with calcium channel blockade or β-blockade could reduce the risk of AF.
Interpretation of Pumping Tests in Heterogeneous Aquifers with Constant Head Boundary

This paper investigates the impact of heterogeneity of the transmissivity field on the interpretation of steady‐state pumping test data from aquifer systems delimited by constant head boundaries such as aquifers adjacent to lakes or rivers. Spatially variable transmissivity fields are randomly generated and used to simulate the drawdown due to a pumping well located at different distances from a constant head boundary. The steady‐state drawdown simulated at different observation wells are then interpreted using the Hantush method (Hantush 1959). The numerical simulations show that, in contrast to the case of infinite aquifer domains, the interpreted transmissivity varies depending on well locations and the separation distance between pumping well and boundary relative to the correlation length. The ensemble‐averaged estimated transmissivity varies between the geometric mean and the arithmetic mean, and can even exceed the arithmetic mean in a narrow domain adjacent to the boundary. It approaches the geometric mean of the underlying transmissivity field only if the distance between the pumping well is more than 20 times the characteristic length of the transmissivity field.
Tar in Biomass Producer Gas, the Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) Experience: An Enduring Challenge

Biomass gasification at temperatures below 1300 °C yields producer gas with a range of heavy hydrocarbons. These compounds, collectively known as tar, cause fouling and emission problems in equipment using the producer gas. This paper gives an overview of the work performed at the Energy research Centre of The Netherlands (ECN) on tar measurement, tar prevention, tar cracking, and tar removal. Much of the work has been performed in cooperation with partner institutes and industry. Measurement techniques discussed are the tar guideline, solid-phase adsorption (SPA) method, and tar dew point analyzer. On the subject of tar prevention, the effects of operating conditions, fuel composition, and bed materials in fluidized-bed gasifiers are covered. Tar cracking results are presented for catalytic materials, high-temperature treatment, and the use of plasma. ECN research on tar removal involves among others the development of the water-based GASREIP system and the oil-based OLGA technique.
Crystal and molecular structure of tetra-arsenic pentasulphide

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by three-dimensional single-crystal X-ray study from photographic data. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/m, with Z= 2 in a unit cell of dimensions a= 7·98, b= 8·10, c= 7·14 (all ±0·02)A, β= 101·0 ± 0·5°. The structure is built of discrete As4S5 molecules of approximate C2v symmetry with As–As 2·55 A, and mean As–S 2·24 A. The structure was solved by direct methods and least-squares refinement gave R 0·11 for 613 observed reflections.
Cobertura do solo e estoque de nutrientes de duas leguminosas perenes, considerando espaçamentos e densidades de plantio

O estabelecimento de leguminosas herbaceas perenes nos sistemas de producao constitui ainda um desafio, principalmente por apresentarem crescimento inicial lento. Para viabilizar sua implantacao, este trabalho objetivou determinar as taxas de cobertura do solo, producao de materia seca, teores e acumulacao de N, P e K das leguminosas herbaceas perenes galaxia (Galactia striata) e cudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides), considerando espacamentos e densidades de plantio. O experimento, instalado em dezembro/98 na Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropedica (RJ), constou do delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 4, com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos constaram das especies galaxia e cudzu tropical, plantadas em dois espacamentos entre sulcos de plantio (25 e 50 cm) e quatro densidades de plantas (5, 10, 15 e 20 plantas m-1). A densidade adequada para a rapida cobertura do solo para cudzu tropical e galaxia foi de 10 plantas m-1, no espacamento de 25 cm entre os sulcos de plantio. A maior producao de materia seca e acumulacao de N, P e K na parte aerea das plantas foram evidenciadas apenas no primeiro corte, sendo os maiores valores obtidos no espacamento de 25 cm e na densidade de 10 plantas m-1. O espacamento de 25 cm com 10 plantas m-1 foi a combinacao mais adequada para a plena formacao da cobertura viva do solo com cudzu tropical e galaxia.
What is normal cognition in depression? Prevalence and functional correlates of normative versus idiographic cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVE Traditional neuropsychological assessment methods identify a subpopulation of individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who demonstrate cognitive functioning below population norms. An even larger proportion of those with MDD self-report problems with cognition that interfere with daily roles and responsibilities. We aim to test whether an intraindividual deviation of cognitive functioning relative to premorbid estimates (idiographic impairment) may better characterize challenges for functional recovery in MDD. METHOD Adult participants with MDD (N = 111) who completed a baseline neuropsychological assessment battery for a cognitive remediation trial were used in analyses. We compared the frequency of cognitive impairment using the normative and idiographic approaches and examined how these indexes related to observed functioning, perceived functioning, and depression severity. RESULTS While only 25% of the sample would be classified as cognitively impaired on a composite measure according to normative comparison standards, 62.2% of this group were classified as idiographically impaired using a conservative cut-off of at least 1 SD deviation below premorbid estimates. Idiographic cognitive impairment shared a stronger inverse relationship with perceived functional competence than normative cognitive impairment. Depressive symptoms did not significantly correlate with both normative and idiographic impairment. CONCLUSIONS In MDD, reliance on assessment of contemporary cognitive functioning might underestimate rates of those who could be considered cognitively impaired. Consideration of idiographic impairment may help explain gaps between normatively defined cognitive ability with subjective complaints and disability in MDD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Increased atrial fibrillation risk in Parkinson’s disease: A nationwide population‐based study

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder associated with various morbidities. Although the relationship between cardiovascular disease and PD has been studied, a paucity of information on PD and atrial fibrillation (AF) association exists. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether patients with PD have an increased risk of AF.
Exploring Officer Arrest Discretion Following State Policy Changes in Intimate Partner Violence

In 2015, South Carolina passed the Domestic Violence Reform Act giving officers increased arrest discretion and rescinding mandatory arrest laws for intimate partner violence (IPV). Analyses using incident reports (2016/2017) from South Carolina show that officers primarily rely on the presence of five variables to determine arrest: children, injury, property destruction, offender at scene, and weapons. Cases with Black female victims are more likely to result in arrest, suggesting that Black males are being criminalized. We conclude that officers are reluctant to use individual discretion and rely on a form of structured discretion provided by administrators that shapes local culture and decision-making.
Atorvastatin is associated with reduced cisplatin-induced hearing loss.

BACKGROUNDCisplatin is widely used to treat adult and pediatric cancers. It is the most ototoxic drug in clinical use, resulting in permanent hearing loss in approximately 50% of treated patients. There is a major need for therapies that prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Studies in mice suggest that concurrent use of statins reduces cisplatin-induced hearing loss.METHODSWe examined hearing thresholds from 277 adults treated with cisplatin for head and neck cancer. Pretreatment and posttreatment audiograms were collected within 90 days of initiation and completion of cisplatin therapy. The primary outcome measure was a change in hearing as defined by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). RESULTSAmong patients on concurrent atorvastatin, 9.7% experienced a CTCAE grade 2 or higher cisplatin-induced hearing loss compared with 29.4% in nonstatin users (P < 0.0001). A mixed-effect model analysis showed that atorvastatin use was significantly associated with reduced cisplatin-induced hearing loss (P ≤ 0.01). An adjusted odds ratio (OR) analysis indicated that an atorvastatin user is 53% less likely to acquire a cisplatin-induced hearing loss than a nonstatin user (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.78). Three-year survival rates were not different between atorvastatin users and nonstatin users (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONSOur data indicate that atorvastatin use is associated with reduced incidence and severity of cisplatin-induced hearing loss in adults being treated for head and neck cancer.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03225157.FUNDINGFunding was provided by the Division of Intramural Research at the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (1 ZIA DC000079, ZIA DC000090).
Comparison of Different Approaches in Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

We aimed to systematically review the literature to analyze the differences in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), focusing on the complications, risk factors, and fusion rate of each approach. Spinal fusion surgery is a well-established surgical procedure for a variety of indications, and different approaches developed. The various approaches and their advantages, as well as approach-related pathology and complications, are well investigated in spinal surgery. Focusing only on lumbosacral fusion, the comparative studies of different approaches remain fewer in numbers. We systematically reviewed the literature on the complications associated with lumbosacral interbody fusion. Only the PLIF, ALIF, or TLIF approaches and studies published within the last decade (2007–2017) were included. The exclusion criteria in this study were oblique lumbar interbody fusion, extreme lateral interbody fusion, more than one procedure per patient, and reported patient numbers less than 10. The outcome variables were indications, fusion rates, operation time, perioperative complications, and clinical outcome by means of Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. Five prospective, 17 retrospective, and two comparative studies that investigated the lumbosacral region were included. Mean fusion rates were 91,4%. ALIF showed a higher operation time, while PLIF resulted in greater blood loss. In all approaches, significant improvements in the clinical outcome were achieved, with ALIF showing slightly better results. Regarding complications, the ALIF technique showed the highest complication rates. Lumbosacral fusion surgery is a treatment to provide good results either through an approach for various indications as causes of lower back pain. For each surgical approach, advantages can be depicted. However, perioperative complications and risk factors are numerous and vary with ALIF, PLIF, and TLIF procedures, as well as with fusion rates.
A systematic mapping review of interventions to improve adolescent mental health literacy, attitudes and behaviours

The onset of mental illness is most common in adolescence, therefore mental health promotion efforts frequently target this age group. Evaluation literature in this area is largely segmented into specific domains in terms of settings, countries, and/or groups of young people, but an overall understanding and comparison across these areas is lacking. The current review aims to provide such an overview of interventions/programs which attempt to improve adolescents' mental health literacy, attitudes/stigma and behaviours.