Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection among children seen in a tertiary hospital in Uyo, southern Nigeria

Background Helicobacter pylori infection occurs worldwide with higher seroprevalence rates in the childhood populations of developing countries. In Nigeria, there is a dearth of information concerning its occurrence in children and infection enhancing factors. A prospective seroepidemiologic survey to determine the prevalence rate and possible associations of environmental and socio-demographic factors with its seropositivity was therefore conducted. Methods The subjects were children seen at the Children's Emergency Unit of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital in southern Nigeria. Two hundred and thirty subjects, comprising 132(57.4%) males and 98(42.6%) females (male: female ratio= 1.3:1.0) with an age range of 0.5-15 years and a mean age of 5.0 (SD±4.0) years were recruited. The median age was 4.0 years. H. pylori immunoglobulin G (1gG) antibody was determined from serum samples stored at -200C using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit, VicTorch. Results The overall seroprevalence rate was 30.9% with a peak prevalence of 40.7% for the 6.0 to 10.0 years age group. H. pylori seroprevalence in our children is associated with low social class (p=0.038), increased household population (p=0.009), source of drinking water (p=0.014), type of convenience used (p=0.019) and the method of disposal of household waste (p=0.043). Conclusion The seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Nigerian children is high and is associated with low social class, poor domestic water and poor sanitation. Improvement of water supply, human and domestic waste disposal systems and ultimately poverty alleviation would control this bacterial infection that has severe long term consequences.
Biophysical indicators of agro-ecosystem services and methods for monitoring the impacts of NRM technologies at different scales

This paper presents indicators used to monitor changes in the flow of such other ecosystem services as biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration and ecosystem regulation and describes tools and methods available to monitor and estimate the impacts associated with adoption of natural resource management (NRM) technologies on various scales. The criteria and indicators for monitoring NRM impacts related to various ecological functions and ecosystem services is presented. The use of simulation models to estimate biophysical changes is then discussed. Following is a discussion of how remote sensing and geographical information system tools can be used to monitor spatial and temporal changes. The key issues and areas for future research are highlighted
Quantifying and predicting interseeded legume establishment in winter cereals

3 Introduction 4 Materials and Methods 5 Cereal Canopy and Dry Matter Measurements 6 Cereal Yield and Yield Components 6 Legume and Weed Density and Dry Matter 7 Weather Data 7 Statistical Design and Analysis 8 Results and Discussion 8 Cereal Grain Production 8 Cereal Grain Canopy 9 Legume Establishment and Dry Matter 11 Weed Density and Dry Matter 12 Conclusions 12 References 13 List of Figures 15 Chapter 3: Tillage and Compost Effects on Winter Wheat/Red Clover Intercrop Establishment and Productivity 21 Abstract 21 2
Mexico Wind Resource Assessment Project

A preliminary wind energy resource assessment of Mexico that produced wind resource maps for both utility-scale and rural applications was undertaken as part of the Mexico-U.S. Renewable Energy Cooperation Program. This activity has provided valuable information needed to facilitate the commercialization of small wind turbines and windfarms in Mexico and to lay the groundwork for subsequent wind resource activities. A surface meteorological data set of hourly data in digital form was utilized to prepare a more detailed and accurate wind resource assessment of Mexico than otherwise would have been possible. Software was developed to perform the first ever detailed analysis of the wind characteristics data for over 150 stations in Mexico. The hourly data set was augmented with information from weather balloons (upper-air data), ship wind data from coastal areas, and summarized wind data from sources in Mexico. The various data were carefully evaluated for their usefulness in preparing the wind resource assessment. The preliminary assessment has identified many areas of good-to-excellent wind resource potential and shows that the wind resource in Mexico is considerably greater than shown in previous surveys.
Mapping REE distribution in scheelite using luminescence

Abstract In situ laser ablation high resolution ICP-MS analyses of scheelite from hydrothermal veins at the Archaean Mt. Charlotte gold deposit (Western Australia) show inhomogeneous REE distribution at small scale (<100 μm). In a limited number of samples, variations of the cathodoluminescence (CL) colours from blue to yellow are linked to the REE content of scheelite, and reveal oscillatory zoning of the REE with zone widths between 1 μm and 100 μm. However, CL failed to reveal the zoning in most inhomogeneous scheelite samples. A nuclear microprobe has been used to characterize the distribution of REE in these samples. No reasonable map for the distribution of REE could be obtained by particle induced X-ray emission, because of interferences with W-L lines. However, monochromatic ionoluminescence (IL) maps collected at the wavelength of the main REE3+ luminescence peaks revealed oscillatory zoning. Therefore, IL is a powerful tool for mapping the distribution of REE in natural scheelite. Monochromatic IL maps allow us to determine the nature of the inhomogeneous distribution of REE in scheelite, fundamental information for using the REE in this mineral as a marker for the chemistry of ore-forming fluids, and for interpreting Sm-Nd isotopic data.
Modeling the risk of spread and establishment for Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) in Massachusetts from 2008-2009

Abstract Land managers responsible for invasive species removal in the USA require tools to prevent the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) (ALB) from decimating the maple-dominant hardwood forests of Massachusetts and New England. Species distribution models (SDMs) and spread models have been applied individually to predict the invasion distribution and rate of spread, but the combination of both models can increase the accuracy of predictions of species spread over time when habitat suitability is heterogeneous across landscapes. First, a SDM was fit to 2008 ALB presence-only locations. Then, a stratified spread model was generated to measure the probability of spread due to natural and human causes. Finally, the SDM and spread models were combined to evaluate the risk of ALB spread in Central Massachusetts in 2008–2009. The SDM predicted many urban locations in Central Massachusetts as having suitable environments for species establishment. The combined model shows the greatest risk of spread and establishment in suitable locations immediately surrounding the epicentre of the ALB outbreak in Northern Worcester with lower risk areas in suitable locations only accessible through long-range dispersal from access to human transportation networks. The risk map achieved an accuracy of 67% using 2009 ALB locations for model validation. This model framework can effectively provide risk managers with valuable information concerning the timing and spatial extent of spread/establishment risk of ALB and potential strategies needed for effective future risk management efforts.
World food and agriculture to 2030/50: how do climate change and bioenergy alter the long-term outlook for food, agriculture and resource availability?

Accumulating scientific evidence has alerted international and national awareness to the urgent need to mitigate climate change. Meanwhile, increasing and reoccurring extreme weather events devastate more and more harvests and livelihoods around the world. Biofuels development has received increased attention in recent times as a means to mitigate climate change, alleviate global energy concerns and foster rural development. Its perceived importance in these three areas has seen biofuels feature prominently on the international agenda. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of biofuels production has raised many concerns among experts worldwide, in particular with regard to sustainability issues and the threat posed to food security. As recent events have shown, a number of factors including the adoption of mandatory biofuels policies, high crude oil prices, increasing global food import demand, below average harvests in some countries and low levels of world food stocks resulted in sudden and substantial increases in world food prices. The consequences were food riots around the world from Mexico to Haiti to Mauritania to Egypt to Bangladesh. Estimates indicate that high food prices increased the number of food insecure people by about 100 million. This paper presents an integrated agro-ecological and socio-economic spatial global assessment of the interlinkages of emerging biofuels developments, food security, and climate change. The explicit purpose is to quantify as to what extent climate change and expansion of biofuel production may alter the long-term outlook for food, agriculture and resource availability developed by the FAO in its Agriculture Toward 2030/50 assessment.
LOWER EXTREMITY AND BRAKE PEDAL INTERACTION IN FRONTAL COLLISIONS: COMPUTER SIMULATION

This study examined, in an Articulated Total Body frontal crash simulation created with the dummy's right foot placed on the brake pedal, how interaction of the driver's foot with the brake pedal influenced the behavior of the lower extremities in frontal collisions. Braking parameters considered included foot position on the pedal, tensing of the occupant's muscles, and if the brake pedal was rigid or allowed to depress. Two basic foot positions were identified as most likely to induce injury of the lower limb. One represented a foot pivoted about the heel from the gas pedal to the brake pedal and the other replicated a foot lifted from the gas pedal to the brake pedal, resulting in an initial gap between the heel and floor. Both positions resulted in different loads and behavior of the foot, but loads in the tibia were higher than the relaxed occupant due to changes in the foot position and timing of the foot and toepan interaction. In cases where the pedal was allowed to depress, the tibia axial load and bending moment were 10% and 13% higher, respectively, than with a fixed pedal. The foot rotations and foot contact forces were not significantly different in magnitude.
Grandezas y miserias de la arqueología de empresa en la España del siglo XXI

This paper outlines the lack of reflection concerning professional Spanish archaeologists. We review the literature related to commercial archaeology and discuss the main achievements and demands of the sector, particularly the need of project labour agreements. The precarious nature of this work and the economics of this sector, bolstered by prevailing business practices in the rest of the market, bring about scientific and social consequences that contradict the main aims of archaeology. This article attempts to address this polymorphic phenomenon generated by the need to reconcile the protection of our cultural heritage and economic profitability.
Relations sédimentaires récentes et actuelles entre un fleuve et son delta en milieu microtidal : exemple de l'embouchure du Rhône

Pour tenter d'expliquer la degradation actuelle des littoraux deltaiques, nous avons mene une etude sur les modalites de la distribution des apports fluviaux sur le littoral. Deux approches ont ete couplees : (1) l'etude de l'evolution seculaire du trait de cote et des forcages, basee sur l'exploitation de documents historiques, et (2) l'etude detaillee des mecanismes morphosedimentaires a l'occasion des crues, dans la zone clef de l'embouchure. Les principaux resultats montrent que le littoral deltaique est actuellement deconnecte du fleuve car les sediments fluviaux restent stockes a proximite de l'embouchure. Les crues ne contribuent pas non plus a alimenter le littoral, car c'est essentiellement des particules fines qui sont apportees en mer et transportees au large. Pour autant, les endiguements fluviaux ont une responsabilite bien superieure a celle des grands barrages dans l'erosion des plages, en raison du role determinant des avulsions dans l'edification de la plaine deltaique.
Statistical relationship between remote climate indices and West African monsoon variability

This paper revisits the strength and stationarity of linear statistical relationships between indices of monsoon rainfall derived from rain gauge data for three regions in tropical West Africa [West Sahel (WS), Central Sahel (CS), and Guinea Coast (GC)] and various indices describing remote variations in the ocean–atmosphere climate systems from 1921 to 2009. The results reveal that both the Atlantic Multi‐decadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) show a positive linear correlation to Sahel rainfall. The percent variance explained (PVE) ranges from 10 to 25%. The correlation stems from periods longer than 8 years for AMO, but AMM does show a correlation on interannual time scales for WS that was absent in the 1970s and 1980s. The PVE by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices is, though statistically significant, on the order of 10% and found mainly on the interannual time scale. A strong and stable correlation with PVEs larger than 50% is found between the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Atlantic 3 region (ATL3, 0°–20°W, 3°S–3°N) and the GC rainfall. On the other hand, the correlation between ATL3 and WS rainfall changed from significantly negative to significantly positive after the 1970s. The Eastern Mediterranean SSTs are found to be significantly related to CS rainfall, especially in recent years with PVEs between 36 and 47%. Multi‐linear regression analyses reveal that the relative importance of the Indian Ocean is 42% in the optimal regression model. For the CS, this value is 37% for the Eastern Mediterranean SSTs and 70% in case of the GC using the ATL3 index. However, except for the GC, non‐stationarities in the correlation between the climate state indexes and West African monsoon (WAM) rainfall suggest the need of the application of different regression models depending on the active ‘teleconnection regime’.
Self-reversal of chemical remanent magnetization: a palaeomagnetic example

Summary An anomalous region with complicated thermal demagnetization characteristics has been observed in Siluro-Devonian andesites from the contact aureole of a 6.2 m wide Tertiary dyke in the Mull dyke swarm, Scotland. Outside this anomalous region, rocks from the contact aureole carry a simple two component remanence. The existence of a self-reversed CRM in samples from between 75 cm and 182 cm from the contact has been inferred from thermal demagnetization data. This magnetization has blocking temperatures greater than the peak temperatures reached in the aureole and causes a ‘beak’ shape in the vertical projection of vector plots of thermal demagnetization data. The self-reversed remanence is presumed to be carried by titanohaematite (x≅ 0.03) with a Curie point of 650–660°C (not isolated as a separate phase) and its blocking temperatures overlap with those of a primary Siluro-Devonian remanence and a normal Tertiary CRM overprint carried by hematite. The suggested mechanism for this self-reversed CRM is the transformation of maghaemite to haematite where super exchange across the phase boundary causes the self reversal. This is probably the best documented geological example of such a self-reversal.
Prognostic performance of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in women with epithelial ovarian cancer

Purpose: This study investigated the prognostic performance of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the data of 91 women who had treatment for EOC between 2009 and 2018. The associations between pretreatment SII and survivals were tested. Results: Pretreatment SII more than 610.2 was a significant independent predictor of reduced progression-free survival (HR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.17 to 6.09) while SII greater than 649.0 was a significant independent predictor of reduced 3-year overall survival (HR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.99). Conclusion: These findings suggest that high SII may be a potential prognostic indicator and useful marker for more intensive surveillance and design of personalized treatment in patients with EOC.
Predicting emissions using an on-road vehicle performance simulator.

South Africa is coming under increasing pressure to conform to the rest of the world in terms of emissions regulations. The pressure is caused by a number of factors: international organisations requiring local companies to adhere to environmental conservation policies, evidence from within South Africa that efforts are being made to reduce environmental pollution in line with other countries and keeping abreast of the latest technologies that have been incorporated into vehicles to reduce emissions. In light of these problems associated with emiSSions, a study was initiated by the Department of Transport and the School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology at the University of Natal to investigate and develop a method of predicting emissions from a diesel engine. The main objective of this research was to incorporate this model into SimTrans in order to estimate emissions generated from a vehicle while it is travelling along specific routes in South Africa. SimTrans is a mechanistically based model, developed at the School, that simulates a vehicle travelling along a route, requiring input for the road profile and vehicle and engine specifications. After a preliminary investigation it was decided to use a neural network to predict emissions, as it provides accurate results and is more suitable for a quantitative analysis which is what was required for this study. The emissions that were predicted were NOx (Nitric oxide-NO and Nitric dioxide-N02), CO (carbon monoxide), HC (unbumt hydrocarbons) and particulates. The neural netWork was trained on emissions data obtained from an ADE 447Ti engine. These neural networks were then integrated into the existing SimTrans. Apart from the neural network, an algorithm to consider the effect of ambient conditions on the output of the engine was also included in the model. A sensitivity analysis was carried out using the model to prioritise the factors affecting emissions. Finally using the data for the ADE 447Ti engine, a trip with a Mercedes Benz 2644S-24 was simulated using different scenarios over the routes from Durban to Johannesburg and Cape Town to Johannesburg in South Africa to quantify the emissions that were generated.
Late Quaternary rapid climate change in northern Chile

Analyses of terrigenous sediments from the Chilean continental slope off the southern border of the Atacama desert (27.5°S), focusing on illite crystallinity and the Fe:Al ratio of the sediments, reveal a high‐frequency variability of the position of the Southern Westerlies, which is very similar to the coeval short‐term climatic events known from Greenland ice cores and from North Atlantic sediments. Besides showing dominantly precession‐driven variability in precipitation over the Andes, these analyses also reveal rapid changes in weathering intensity along the Chilean Coastal Range during the last 80,000 years. These rapid changes occur at much shorter timescales than the 19–100 kyr orbital forcing of the Milankovitch cycles.
Revisión del proceso de valorización de los recursos base del turismo industrial

El turismo industrial es una manifestacion relativamente reciente del turismo cultural.Si bien la delimitacion de su alcance tematico y temporal es objeto de discusion entre ladoctrina, paulatinamente se adopta una definicion mas integradora, que comprende el conjuntode manifestaciones materiales e inmateriales, asociadas a la cultura productiva capitalistadel pasado y del presente. El objetivo de este texto es analizar el proceso de valoracionsocial, cultural e institucional de los restos productivos y de la industria viva para pronosticarsu impacto en la concepcion de una oferta integradora de turismo industrial, representadorafidedigna de la cultura de la industria pasada y presente.
Effect of Postpartum Anaemia on Maternal Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review

Background: Postpartum anaemia remains a persistent and severe public health issue in many parts of the world. Studies have reported mixed findings on the effects of anaemia during the postpartum period on maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We conducted this systematic review to summarise available evidence to inform public health practitioners on whether 1) anaemia negatively impact maternal health-related quality of life and 2) whether iron supplementation in anaemic women can improve maternal HRQoL during the postpartum period. Methods: This review’s protocol was registered online with PROSPERO (CRD42020206618). We extensively searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus through the HINARI website to identify studies that reported either association or effect of postpartum anaemia on fatigue, depression and mother-child interaction. We restricted our search to studies of human females published in English from databases inception until August 2020. We followed a guideline for reporting systematic reviews without meta-analysis to synthesise data. Results: Ten out of 15 studies where the direction of effect could be determined reported a significant association between lower Hb levels and physical fatigue symptoms. Fourteen out of 19 studies also reported a significant association between Hb levels and postpartum depression. There was evidence in six of the seven and seven of the eight randomised controlled trials that iron replenishment significantly decreased physical fatigue and postpartum depression respectively. Two of the four included studies showed that anaemic mothers were less responsive and had negative feelings towards their children than non-anaemic mother. Conclusion: Evidence from this review suggests that postpartum anaemia negatively affects health related quality of life and that iron replenishment improved both symptoms of fatigue and depression. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether postpartum anaemia affects mother-child interaction.