Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Icebergs: Their Physical Dimensions and the Presentation and Application of Measured Data

A knowledge of the dimensional characteristics of icebergs off the east coast of Canada is required for both scientific and engineering purposes. To fulfil this need, hydrocarbon exploration in the region has been supported by a program aimed at collecting morphometric data on icebergs, in addition to providing operational support for activities such as ice-berg towing, this program has yielded information which will be useful for the engineering design of offshore structures. Functional relationships between the dimensions of icebergs are presented and ratios between the linear dimensions are examined. These ratios are used to calculate preliminary values for draft and mass on the Grand Banks and are demonstrated to give reasonable values for draft of icebergs off Greenland.
Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body

In well-established first-order conditioning experiments, the concurrence of a sensory cue with reinforcement forms an association, allowing the cue to predict future reinforcement. Once a sensory cue is established as a predictor, it can also serve as indirect reinforcement, a phenomenon referred to as second-order conditioning. In the insect mushroom body, such associations are encoded in the plasticity of the synapses between the intrinsic and output neurons of the mushroom body, a process mediated by the activity of dopaminergic neurons that encode reinforcement signals. In second-order conditioning, a new sensory cue is paired with an already established one that presumably activates dopaminergic neurons due to its predictive power of the reinforcement. We explore minimal circuit motifs in the mushroom body for their ability to support second-order conditioning. We found that dopaminergic neurons can either be activated directly by the mushroom body’s intrinsic neurons or via feedback from the output neurons via several pathways. We demonstrate that the circuit motifs differ in their computational efficiency and robustness and suggest a particular motif that relies on feedforward input of the mushroom body intrinsic neurons to dopaminergic neurons as a promising additional candidate for experimental evaluation. It differentiates well between trained and novel stimuli, demonstrating robust performance across a range of model parameters.
Reweaving urban fabrics : Urbanisation, industrialisation and regeneration in Southwest Montréal =

In the pages that follow, this thesis examines the urbanisation, industrialisation, and regeneration processes that have shaped the built landscape along Montreal's Lachine Canal. Adopting an approach that sees urban tissue as more than the simple result of agents' interventions, that is to say as a structuring influence itself, the thesis critically examines the history and geography of urban industrialisation, particularly in relation to Montreal, and takes a look at contemporary redevelopment paradigms. After putting forward a morphological methodology and offering a short history of the Canal, the thesis presents the results of an in-depth analysis of urban tissues in adjacent industrial sectors. Proposing a typology of industrial complexes and sectors rooted in the degree of differentiation between industrial elements and the surrounding urban tissue, this thesis argues that urbanisation, industrialisation, and regeneration are diffuse, incremental processes that dialectically engage with the landscapes left by the past. The thesis wraps up with a discussion of the historiographical and practical implications of such a perspective.
Guidelines for field triage of injured patients: recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage, 2011.

In the United States, injury is the leading cause of death for persons aged 1-44 years. In 2008, approximately 30 million injuries were serious enough to require the injured person to visit a hospital emergency department (ED); 5.4 million (18%) of these injured patients were transported by Emergency Medical Services (EMS). On arrival at the scene of an injury, the EMS provider must determine the severity of injury, initiate management of the patient's injuries, and decide the most appropriate destination hospital for the individual patient. These destination decisions are made through a process known as "field triage," which involves an assessment not only of the physiology and anatomy of injury but also of the mechanism of the injury and special patient and system considerations. Since 1986, the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) has provided guidance for the field triage process through its "Field Triage Decision Scheme. " This guidance was updated with each version of the decision scheme (published in 1986, 1990, 1993, and 1999). In 2005, CDC, with financial support from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, collaborated with ACS-COT to convene the initial meetings of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage (the Panel) to revise the decision scheme; the revised version was published in 2006 by ACS-COT (American College of Surgeons. Resources for the optimal care of the injured patient: 2006. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2006). In 2009, CDC published a detailed description of the scientific rationale for revising the field triage criteria (CDC. Guidelines for field triage of injured patients: recommendations of the National Expert Panel on Field Triage. MMWR 2009;58[No. RR-1]). In 2011, CDC reconvened the Panel to review the 2006 Guidelines in the context of recently published literature, assess the experiences of states and local communities working to implement the Guidelines, and recommend any needed changes or modifications to the Guidelines. This report describes the dissemination and impact of the 2006 Guidelines; outlines the methodology used by the Panel for its 2011 review; explains the revisions and modifications to the physiologic, anatomic, mechanism-of-injury, and special considerations criteria; updates the schematic of the 2006 Guidelines; and provides the rationale used by the Panel for these changes. This report is intended to help prehospital-care providers in their daily duties recognize individual injured patients who are most likely to benefit from specialized trauma center resources and is not intended as a mass casualty or disaster triage tool. The Panel anticipates a review of these Guidelines approximately every 5 years.
Yellow fever vaccine. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2002.

This report updates CDC's recommendations for using yellow fever vaccine (CDC. Yellow Fever Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices: MMWR 1990;39[No. RR-6]1-6). The 2002 recommendations include new or updated information regarding 1) reports of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (previously reported as febrile multiple organ system failure); 2) use ofyellow fever vaccine for pregnant women and persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and 3) concurrent use of yellow fever vaccine with other vaccines. A link to this report and other information related to yellow fever can be accessed at the website for Travelers' Health, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, at http://www.cdc. gov/travel/index.htm, and through the website for the Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, at http://www.cdc. gov/ncidod/ dvbid/yellowfever/index.htm.
Changes in surface methane flux after a forest fire in West Siberia

Methane (CH4) is a strong greenhouse gas that is currently the second largest contributor to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Given that soils are major global sources and sinks of CH4, they play an important role in regulating atmospheric CH4 concentrations. Natural wetlands are significant sources of CH4 emission to the atmosphere (e.g., Christensen et al. 1995; Nakano et al. 2000; Nykanen et al. 2003), whereas aerobic environments such as upland forest soils consume CH4 via microbial oxidation (e.g., Prieme and Christensen 1997; Borken et al. 2000; Smith et al. 2000). The direction and rate of the net CH4 exchange between soils and the atmosphere are usually highly variable, both spatially and temporally, and are controlled by various environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil temperature, and chemical properties (e.g., pH and nitrogen availability). Among these factors, soil moisture is the major determinant of whether soils are net CH4 emitters or consumers, because it directly influences the availability of oxygen. Fire is ubiquitous in the boreal region and is extremely common in boreal forests (Kasischke 2000). Associated with important consequences for carbon storage in boreal forests and pulses of trace gases to the atmosphere through combustion, fire also causes long-term surface disturbances and affects gas exchange between soil and the atmosphere. Carbon emissions during burning and the post-fire release of CO2 have been investigated using satellite imagery, historical statistics, modeling, and field soil surveys (Auclair and Carter 1993; Dixon and Krankina 1993; Cahoon et al. 1994; Zoltai et al. 1998; Pitkanen et al. 1999; Turetsky and Wieder 2001; Conard et al. 2002; Kasischke and Bruhwiler 2003). In addition, changes in the surface CH4 flux before and after controlled fires (Levine et al. 1990; Kim and Tanaka 2003) have been investigated using chronosequences (Burke et al. 1997). However, few studies have examined the continuous variation in soil-atmosphere CH4 exchange over several years at a particular burned site. Our study area, located in a boreal forest on the West Siberian Plain, burned in 1998. The surface environment of the burned area consisted of a mosaic of small ponds (open water), bare soil, and invading herbaceous plants, whose distribution varied temporally in the years following the fire. The purpose of this study was to measure the temporal variations in CH4 exchange between the soil and the atmosphere following a fire disturbance and to quantify the relationships between CH4 flux and the controlling environmental factors.
Household Cost Functions And Equivalence Scales

In this paper we describe a simple method to estimate household cost functions and family equivalence scales. It is an alternative to standard methods as it does not assume strong postulates about utility maximization nor any functionally specified model equations. The data requirements are extremely modest. We assume interpersonal ordinal comparability in the sense of Sen (1976). Empirical evidence for eight European countries and the U.S.A. shows the feasibility of the method and the stability of its results.
Understanding Traveler Behavior: The Psychology Behind Managed Lane Use

Recent analysis of Katy Freeway/Managed Lane (ML) travelers and I-394 Freeway/High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane traveler data has found that many travelers pay to use these HOT lanes and MLs when adjacent toll-free lanes are operating at nearly the same speed. Assuming that drivers are indeed cognizant of the fact that HOT and ML lanes are traveling at nearly the same speed, then it would seem that travelers are paying for the use of these lanes for reasons other than travel time savings. This project investigated the role of psychological variables, such as risk aversion, that may explain why travelers choose to pay to use these lanes when the travel time is almost equal. The results indicate that some psychological variables had significant relationships with the stated preference questions, but this was very limited.
per-Review of clinical characteristics and applications of contrast - enhanced ultrasonography in dogs

JAVMA, Vol 234, No. 4, February 15, 2009 U is a noninvasive imaging tool that can be used to assess the size, shape, parenchymal texture, and vascularity of various organs. However, a US image provides low contrast because of the similar acoustic impedances of soft tissues. The accuracy of diagnostic US can be improved by IV injection of gas microbubbles as vascular contrast agents. Ultrasonographic contrast agents consist of tiny, gasfilled microspheres stabilized by an outer shell. These microbubbles (1 to 7 μm in diameter) are smaller than RBCs, eliminating the risk of capillary embolization. Unlike the contrast agents used in CT and MRI, USCAs are confined to the intravascular space, which means that after injection, they remain in the blood pool and do not diffuse into the extracellular space. The gas content is gradually eliminated from the blood through the lungs, whereas the stabilizing components are filtered by the kidneys and eliminated by the liver. The acoustic behavior of microbubbles in a US beam is complex, and contrast-specific imaging techniques are required to achieve clinically useful enhancement. With these techniques, USCAs increase the intensity of the echo signal in gray-scale harmonic and Doppler modes by 10 to 30 dB (10 to 1,000 times) during a mean of 5 minutes, depending on the contrast agent used. Total duration of a US evaluation with contrast agent is about 20 minutes, and general anesthesia is not required. Contrast-enhanced US improves the detection of perfusion and vascularity of organs. Lesions that are perfused differently from healthy tissues will be differentially enhanced after USCA administration. For example, regions with segmental infarction will be indicated by a so-called signal void representing the lack of a vascular supply, whereas regions with high vascularization such as malignant tumors will appear as hyperechoic areas. These features also allow differentiation of malignant and benign tumors in some situations. Ultrasonographic contrast agents can also be used as blood-pool tracers (functional imaging), in an approach similar to that for scintigraphic tracers, by use of time-intensity curves. During the last decade, several USCAs have been developed. In the United States, only 3 USCAs are available and approved by the FDA (Table 1). The purpose of this literature review was to briefly characterize the imaging techniques needed to perReview of clinical characteristics and applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in dogs
Final version forthcoming in Long Range Planning

Dynamic capabilities are widely considered to incorporate those processes that enable organizations to sustain superior performance over time. In this paper, we argue theoretically and demonstrate empirically that these effects are contingent on organizational structure and the competitive intensity in the market. Results from partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyses indicate that organic organizational structures facilitate the impact of dynamic capabilities on organizational performance. Furthermore, we find that the performance effects of dynamic capabilities are contingent on the competitive intensity faced by firms. Our findings demonstrate the performance effects of internal alignment between organizational structure and dynamic capabilities as well as the external fit of dynamic capabilities with competitive intensity. We outline the advantages of PLS-SEM for modeling latent constructs, such as dynamic capabilities, and conclude with managerial implications.
“I heard about some pills” -the online as a sharing space and source of information about performance consumption among students

Departing from a broader sociological study, this article presents exploratory research seeking to analyse practices of online information exchange on the consumption of medicines and food supplements among students, mainly to improve cognitive performance. It aims to show that the Internet is a relevant space which should be considered when analysing where lay people, specifically students, get information about medicines. The empirical field was limited to online open discussion forums, websites, and blogs registered in Portugal, and the collected information was subjected to a qualitative content analysis. The research took place between January 2021 and February 2022, and the analysed threads date back to March 2015. The results show that young people use these platforms to ask questions related to the consumption of medicines and supplements for cognitive performance. While sharing experiences is central to the validation of practices and behaviours, key elements in this discussion also include the construction of a shared social identity, the possibility of anonymity, and the attribution of credibility to the sources of information.
Effect of Exercise on Physical Function and Psychological Well-being in Older Patients With Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy-A Systematic Review

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing with older age. Cancer and treatment-related side effects often leads to physical decline, poor treatment adherence and lower quality of life. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of exercise in published randomized controlled trials (RCT´s) on physical function, physical fitness (i.e. aerobic capacity and muscle strength) physical activity, and psychological well-being in older patients with CRC undergoing chemotherapy. Eight RCT´s with 552 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age across the trials was 58.5 years and two studies excluded patients above 80 years. The meta-analyses showed low level of evidence for a small beneficial effect of exercise on self-reported physical function (standardized man difference (SMD) 0.26 95%: CI 0.04 to 0.48) and global QoL (SMD 0.22 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.43) and low level of evidence for a moderate effect of exercise reducing fatigue (SMD -0.49 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.19) for patients receiving chemotherapy for CRC. We found no evidence for a beneficial effect of exercise on physical fitness. No adverse events related to the exercise interventions were reported. The evidence for the effect of exercise on physical outcomes and psychological well-being during chemotherapy for patients with CRC and especially older patients is sparse. However, exercise during chemotherapy for patients with CRC is feasible and safe. We found moderate to high risk of bias in most of the included studies, small sample sizes and low number of included patients. Moreover, all studies excluded patients with comorbidities or walking impairment, which is a group of patients who probably would benefit the most of exercise. This positive result needs to be verified in larger trials including older and frail patients receiving chemotherapy for CRC.
Hope College Digital Commons Hope College Digital Commons

The current research examined whether fair consideration—a social norm that people inherently prefer to conﬁrm—would modulate face recognition. Each neutral face was associated with fair or unfair offers via an economic decision task, the Ultimatum Game (UG) task. After the UG, participants were asked to identify the faces of proposers who made different offers. Enhanced memory was observed for fair-related compared to unfair-related faces. Furthermore, high trait anxiety was associated with reduced memory for fair-related faces. These results were further conﬁrmed by signal detection theory. The current research provided initial evidence that people showed enhanced memory for faces that made fair offers from the economic decision task, and that high trait anxiety was associated with reduced fair-related memory. Possible neural mechanisms and the implication in economic and social situations have been discussed.
LSU Scholarly

Nonapeptides play a crucial role in mediating reproduction, aggression, and parental care across taxa. In fishes, arginine vasotocin (AVT) expression is related to social and/or reproductive status in most male fishes studied to date, and is linked to territorial defense, paternal care, and courtship. Despite a plethora of studies examining AVT in male fishes, relatively little is known about how AVT expression varies with female reproductive state or its role in female social behaviors. We used multiple methods for examining the AVT system in female African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni , including immunohistochemistry for AVT, in situ hybridization for avt -mRNA, and quantitative PCR. Ovulated and mouthbrooding females had similar numbers of parvocellular, magnocellular, and gigantocellular AVT cells in the preoptic area. However, ovulated females had larger magnocellular and gigantocellular cells compared to mouthbrooding females, and gigantocellular AVT cell size correlated with the number of days brooding, such that late-stage brooding females had larger AVT cells than mid-stage brooding females. In addition, we found that ventral hypothalamic cells were more prominent in females compared to males, and were larger in mouthbrooding compared to ovulated females, suggesting a role in maternal care. Together, these data indicate that AVT neurons change across the reproductive cycle in female fishes, similar to that seen in males. These data on females complement studies in male A . burtoni , providing a comprehensive picture of the regulation and potential function of different AVT cell types in reproduction and social behaviors in both sexes
Development and clinical evaluation of a quantitative fluorescent immunoassay for detecting canine CRP

ABSTRACT Canine C-reactive protein (cCRP) is one of the major positive acute phase proteins in dogs and is commonly measured to detect and monitor systemic inflammation as well as the efficacy of treatment. Traditional methods for testing cCPR, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), have some drawbacks, such as a long time for diagnosis and the requirement of well-equipped laboratories. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and precise diagnostic test for cCRP at point-of-care. This study assessed the accuracy, precision, and validated clinical effectiveness of a diagnostic test based on fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay to detect cCRP. For the standard cCRP concentration ranging from 0 to 200 μg/mL, the cCRP diagnostic test showed strong linearity with R2 of 0.9977 (p < 0.001), and both inter- and intra-assay CVs were <14%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 4.0 μg/mL and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. The cCRP serum concentration was evaluated in 21 client-owned dogs and the results were compared to a previously validated ELISA. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the diagnostic test kit and ELISA was 0.942 [95% confidence interval: 0.859 to 0.976, p < 0.001], and the Bland–Altman plot indicated a bias of 26.82% [95% limits of agreement: −56.03 to 109.67], indicating a significant correlation and the agreement between the data from the cCRP diagnostic test and ELISA. In conclusion, the fluorescent immunoassay based diagnostic test is a suitable option for rapidly and precisely detecting cCRP in dogs, providing a convenient alternative to traditional methods for diagnosing acute inflammation.