Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Blade Passage Flow Structurs in Axial Compressor Rotating Stall Inception

The influence of three-dimensional flow structures within a compressor blade passage has been examined computationally to determine their role in rotating stall inception. The computations displayed a short length-scale (or spike) type of stall inception similar to that seen in experiments; to the authors' knowledge this is the first time such a feature has been simulated. A central feature observed during the rotating stall inception was the tip clearance vortex moving forward of the blade row leading edge. Vortex kinematic arguments are used to provide a physical explanation of this motion as well as to motivate the conditions for its occurrence. The resulting criterion for this type of stall inception (the movement of the tip clearance vortex forward of the leading edge) depends upon local flow phenomena related to the tip clearance with the implication that for this and possibly other stall mechanisms the flow structure within the blade passages must be addressed to explain the stability of an axial compression system that exhibits such short length-scale disturbances.
Evolution of Particle Size Distributions due to Turbulent and Brownian Coagulation

The time evolution of particle size distribution due to Brownian and turbulent coagulation (using the kernel of Kruis and Kusters (1997)) was systematically investigated. Using a new definition of dimensionless size distribution parameters based on the geometric mean values, self-preserving particle size distributions for turbulent coagulation were found to exist. The width of such distributions depends on the initial size distribution as well as the turbulence intensity. When starting with submicron aerosols, however, only the turbulence intensity plays a role in determining the final self-preserving form, whereas the initial conditions have no influence. Typically, broad particle size distributions with σ g in the 1.5-1.9 range are obtained. Because of the importance of scavenging by the largest particles in the size distribution, the possibility of developing a "runaway mass" exists, for which some experimental indications in turbulent systems exist.
The expressibility of modality in representational complement clauses in Brazilian Portuguese

This paper deals with the (im)possibility of expressing a variety of modal categories within the context of the layering approach to complementation in Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG). Our hypothesis is that modal expressions in complement clauses only pertain to operator or modifier classes of the highest layer relevant for that type of embedded construction and for all lower levels. In order to test this hypothesis, occurrences of complement clauses in two databases of spoken Brazilian Portuguese are analyzed. The investigation of this hypothesis is restricted to representational complement clauses.
Syntactic expressions to express NP-hard optimization problems and problems with zero duality gap

We show that simple syntactic expressions such as existential second-order (ESO) universal Horn formulae can express NP-hard optimization problems. There is a significant difference between the expressibilities of decision problems and optimization problems. This is similar to the difference in computation times for the two classes of problems; for example, a 2SAT Horn formula can be satisfied in polynomial time, whereas the optimization version in NP-hard. It is known that all polynomially solvable decision problems can be expressed as ESO universal (Π1) Horn sentences in the presence of a successor relation. We show here that, on the other hand, if P ≠ NP, optimization problems defy such a characterisation, by demonstrating that even a Π0 (quantifier free) Horn formula is unable to guarantee polynomial time solvability. Finally, by connecting concepts in optimization duality with those in descriptive complexity, we will show a method by which optimization problems can be solved by a single call to a ‘decision’ Turing machine, as opposed to multiple calls using a classical binary search setting.
Stability of a moving radial liquid sheet: Time-dependent equations

We study the stability of a radial liquid sheet produced by head-on impingement of two equal laminar liquid jets. Linear stability equations are derived from the inviscid flow equations for a radially expanding sheet that govern the time-dependent evolution of the two liquid interfaces. The analysis accounts for the varying liquid sheet thickness while the inertial effects due to the surrounding gas phase are ignored. The analysis results in stability equations for the sinuous and the varicose modes of sheet deformation that are decoupled at the lowest order of approximation. When the sheet is excited at a fixed frequency, a small sinuous displacement introduced at the point of impingement grows as it is convected downstream suggesting that the sheet is unstable at all Weber numbers (We ≡ ρlU2h/σ) in the absence of the gas phase. Here, ρl is the density of the liquid, U is the speed of the liquid jet, h is the local sheet thickness, and σ is the surface tension. The sinuous disturbance diverges at We = 2 .
SiO IN THE SGR B2 REGION

The 2-1 and 5-4 transitions of SiO have been observed toward the Sgr B2 region, including the Principal Cloud(the GMC containing Sgr B2(M)) and its surroundings. The morphology and velocity structure of the SiO emission show a close resemblance with the HNCO Ring feature, identified by Minh & Irvine(2006), of about 10 pc in diameter, which may be expanding and colliding with the Principal Cloud. Three SiO clumps have been found around the Ring, with total column densities at the peak positions of these clumps. The fractional SiO abundance relative to has been estimated to be , which is about two orders of magnitude larger than the quiet dense cloud values. Our SiO observational result supports the existence of an expanding ring, which may be triggering active star formations in the Principal Cloud.
Vortex structures, penetration depth and pairing in iron-based superconductors studied by small-angle neutron scattering

We describe the technique of small-angle neutron scattering, as used to image the vortex lattice in superconductors, and the information that can be gained from this technique. We review the present state of these measurements on iron-based superconductors, and discuss the implications of the results; in particular, we compare the information about pairing in these compounds with that available from other techniques.
Monte Carlo simulations of X-ray spectra for internally illuminated spherical matter distributions

Continuum X-ray emission and fluorescent iron-line emission has been observed from a number of galactic X-ray binaries and from active galactic nuclei. The iron lines and also some features of the continuum result from reprocessing of the continuum radiation of a central source by surrounding matter. Here we calculate by Monte Carlo methods the continuum and line features caused by reprocessing in cold matter of spherical geometry surrounding an X-ray source. The shape of the fluorescent Fe line is useful as a diagnostic of the amount and distribution of the reprocessing matter
Feature analysis: support vector machine approaches

This paper demonstrates a novel criterion for both feature ranking and feature selection using Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The method analyses the importance of feature subset using the bound on the expected error probability of an SVM. In addition a scheme for feature ranking based on SVMs is presented. Experiments show that the proposed schemes perform well in feature ranking/selection, and risk bound based criterion is superior to some other criterions.
Analysis and circuit design of a fractional-order Lorenz system with different fractional orders

The paper first discusses the recently reported fractional-order Lorenz system, analyzes it by using the frequency-domain approximation method and the time-domain approximation method, and finds its chaotic dynamics when the order of the fractional-order system varies from 2.8 to 2.9 in steps of 0.1. Especially for the fractional-order Lorenz system of the order as low as 2.9, the results obtained by the frequency-domain method are consistent with those obtained by the time-domain method. Some Lyapunov exponent diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, and phase orbits diagrams have also been shown to verify the chaotic dynamics of the fractional-order Lorenz system. Then, an analog circuit for the fractional-order Lorenz system of the order as low as 2.9 is designed to confirm its chaotic dynamic, the results from circuit experiment show that it is chaotic.
Impact of Strained-Si Channel on Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Circuit Performance under the Sub-100 nm Regime

The impact of the enhanced mobility of a strained-Si channel on the performance of sub-100 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits is investigated by the combination of device and circuit simulations, considering both velocity saturation and velocity overshoot effects. It is found that higher mobilities of strained Si become more advantageous with reducing the channel length. It is also pointed out that the increase in energy relaxation time in strained Si, in addition to higher mobility, is effective for the enhancement of the circuit performance. The evaluated performance of 50 nm strained-Si CMOS amounts to around 1.7 times that of bulk-Si CMOS.
Iron-group opacities for B stars

Frequency-dependent photon absorption and scattering transport cross-sections for iron-group elements were generated using a revised version of the OPAL opacity code. The calculations take advantage of advances in computers to generate improved atomic data as well as several fast algorithms developed for the computational demanding bound–bound spectrum. The new iron group calculations are combined with the existing OPAL data for lighter elements to generate astrophysical opacities at matter conditions applicable to B stars. The results are slightly reduced Rosseland mean opacities of Population I stars at the peak of the Z -bump. The analysis explores several uncertainties related to the iron group opacities and includes comparisons with existing OPAL and OP results.
LOW PRANDTL NUMBER MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC NATURAL CONVECTION IN A STRONG CROSS FIELD

The low Prandtl number flow of a conducting fluid about a semi-infinite vertical plate in the presence of a strong cross magnetic field is investigated numerically. The range of Prandtl numbers examined extends down to values appropriate to liquid-metal reactor coolants. A numerical scheme is employed that takes advantage of the established limiting similarity states at the leading edge and downstream.
A uniformly selected catalogue of distant galaxy clusters.

A new catalogue of faint southern galaxy clusters, identified from examination of high-contrast film derivatives of a set of 55 prime focus AAT photographic plates taken in one or both of two pass-bands (J = b J and F = r F ), is presented. Visual scans of these films have been compared with machine measurements of the original plates and the results demonstrate that the films offer ready access to the positions of large numbers of faint objects to limiting magnitudes of J ≃ 24.4 ± 0.3 and F ≃ 22.9±0.2. A total of 112 candidates clusters are tabulated down to a contrast level of 2.0. Cross-correlations with published catalogues and spectroscopic measurements confirm that the bulk of these clusters are more distant than those found by Abell and co-workers
THE EFFECT OF TOXIC LEADERSHIP AND JOB STRESS ON TURNOVER INTENTION IN LOGISTIC COURIER BEKASI CITY

This study aimed to examine the effect of toxic leadership on turnover intention, toxic leadership on job stress, and job stress and turnover intention. These study populations are three logistics companies engaged in logistics in Bekasi. This study uses a non-probability purposive sampling technique. For a sample of 105 respondents from operational units in logistics courier companies, the determination is based on (Hair et al., 2017), but only 99 respondents complete questionnaires are considered usable. Data analysis using SEM with Smart PLS software. The results show a positive and significant direct relationship between toxic leadership and employee job stress, and there is a positive and significant direct relationship between work stress and turnover intention. Still, there is no negative relationship between toxic leadership and turnover intention. In addition, there are new findings in a study conducted on employees of the operational division of a logistics company located in the city of Bekasi. The higher application of toxic leadership by the leader to employees does not affect the intensity of turnover intention to be carried out by the employee. It is because the intention to move is felt by employees based on internal factors, namely work stress, not from the negative leadership style of their superiors. Further research is expected to use mediating variables with job satisfaction and physical work environment on turnover intention. It is also expected to be able to use qualitative methods for a better comparison of research results. It is also hoped that further research will be able to further refine this research by adding research subjects and other variables that might affect turnover intention so that further research can be more developed and varied and produce conclusions from more comprehensive research.
Performance of the S − χ2 Statistic for Full-Information Bifactor Models

This study investigated the Type I error rate and power of the multivariate extension of the S − χ2 statistic using unidimensional and multidimensional item response theory (UIRT and MIRT, respectively) models as well as full-information bifactor (FI-bifactor) models through simulation. Manipulated factors included test length, sample size, latent trait characteristics such as discrimination pattern and intertrait correlations, and model type misspecification. The nominal Type I error rates were observed under all conditions. The power of the S − χ2 statistic for UIRT models was high for MIRT and FI-bifactor models that were structurally most distinct from the UIRT models but was low otherwise. The power of the S − χ2 statistic to detect misfitting between MIRT and FI-bifactor models was low across all conditions because of the structural similarity of these two models. Finally, information-based indices of relative model–data fit and latent variable correlations were obtained, and these showed expected patterns across conditions.
Public Debt Maturity: The Role of Liquidity Provision

What debt maturities should governments issue when sovereign bonds serve as collateral? Standard Debt Management frameworks advocate for the issuance of long-term debt because of its hedging benefits for the government’s budget. These frameworks are premised on the assumption that public debt is solely used to finance fiscal deficits. In practice, government bonds play a central role in financial markets as they are used as collateral to borrow liquidity. This paper introduces the collateral role of public debt into a standard Debt Management model to analyze its impact on the optimal structure of debt maturity. My main finding is that optimal maturity management involves an additional objective which is the provision of collateral and thus liquidity. This raises a policy trade-off for the government. While long-term debt allows to reduce the debt borrowing costs, short-term debt proves more effective to enhance liquidity provision. I show that the optimal maturity structure depends on the extent to which private liquidity relies on collateral. For a plausible calibration, the government finds it optimal to issue short-term bonds to accommodate liquidity provision.
Analysis of Exponential Frequency-Diverse Array for Short-Range Beam-Focusing Technology

The frequency-diverse array (FDA) is a promising technology because of its angle- and range-dependent beam pattern. The FDA has unique properties, such as beam scanning and focusing, which are difficult to achieve using the conventional phased antenna array theory. In this study, the relationship between range and frequency increment is analyzed, and the fundamental operation principle of FDA is thoroughly investigated. The effect of coupling among antenna elements is also discussed to analyze the FDA theory. Furthermore, a novel exponential FDA method for short-range beam focusing is presented based on the proposed FDA analysis method. The proposed method has been investigated through various case studies and applied to research efforts on FDA methods. The FDA design procedures and analysis methods are also presented in this article.
Equatorial scintillation calculations based on coherent scatter radar and C/NOFS data

During its transit through a region of equatorial ionospheric irregularities, sensors on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite provide a one‐dimensional description of the medium, which can be extended to two dimensions if the structures are assumed to be elongated in the direction of the magnetic field lines. The C/NOFS scintillation calculation approach assumes that the medium is equivalent to a diffracting screen with random phase fluctuations that are proportional to the irregularities in the total electron content, specified through the product of the directly measured electron density by an estimated extent of the irregularity layer along the raypaths. Within the international collaborative effort anticipated by the C/NOFS Science Definition Team, the present work takes the vertical structure of the irregularities into more detailed consideration, which could lead to improved predictions of scintillation. Initially, it describes a flexible model for the power spectral density of the equatorial ionospheric irregularities, estimates its shape parameters from C/NOFS in situ data and uses the signal‐to‐noise ratio S/N measurements by the São Luís coherent scatter radar to estimate the mean square electron density fluctuation 〈ΔN2〉 within the corresponding sampled volume. Next, it presents an algorithm for the wave propagation through a three‐dimensional irregularity layer which considers the variations of 〈ΔN2〉 along the propagation paths according to observations by the radar. Data corresponding to several range‐time‐intensity maps from the radar is used to predict time variations of the scintillation index S4 at the L1 Global Positioning System (GPS) frequency (1575.42 MHz). The results from the scintillation calculations are compared with corresponding measurements by the colocated São Luís GPS scintillation monitor for an assessment of the prediction capability of the present formulation.
The Experiences of Post-Separation Survivors of Domestic Violence During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Qualitative Study in the United Kingdom

Post-separation for domestic violence (DV) survivors is known to be a period of heightened risk of domestic homicide. Evidence points to increased rates of DV during the Covid-19 pandemic, with specific challenges in help-seeking from DV services, yet studies that capture this qualitatively are still emerging. This UK study investigated the experiences of 21 separated DV survivors (all women) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Inductive, thematic analysis highlighted participants’ psychological distress, isolation, fear of Covid-19 transmission, and detachment from support networks. The findings reflect the interconnected nature of adversities experienced by DV survivors and the exacerbation of these due to the insidious, multifaceted, and synergistic impacts of DV and the pandemic.
Ribonuclease T2 represents a distinct circularly permutated version of the BECR RNases

Detection of homologous relationships among proteins and understanding their mechanisms of diversification are major topics in the fields of protein science, bioinformatics, and phylogenetics. Recent developments in sequence/profile‐based and structural similarity‐based methods have greatly facilitated the unification and classification of many protein families into superfamilies or folds, yet many proteins remain unclassified in current protein databases. As one of the three earliest identified RNases in biology, ribonuclease T2, also known as RNase I in Escherichia coli, RNase Rh in fungi, or S‐RNase in plant, is thought to be an ancient RNase family due to its widespread distribution and distinct structure. In this study, we present evidence that RNase T2 represents a circularly permutated version of the BECR (Barnase‐EndoU‐Colicin E5/D‐RelE) fold RNases. This subtle relationship cannot be detected by traditional methods such as sequence/profile‐based comparisons, structure‐similarity searches, and circular permutation detections. However, we were able to identify the structural similarity using rational reconstruction of a theoretical RNase T2 ancestor via a reverse circular permutation process, followed by structural modeling using AlphaFold2, and structural comparisons. This relationship is further supported by the fact that RNase T2 and other typical BECR RNases, namely Colicin D, RNase A, and BrnT, share similar catalytic site configurations, all involving an analogous set of conserved residues on the α0 helix and the β4 strand of the BECR fold. This study revealed a hidden root of RNase T2 in bacterial toxin systems and demonstrated that reconstruction and modeling of ancestral topology is an effective strategy to identify remote relationship between proteins.
Integration of reactive oxygen species and nutrient signalling to shape root system architecture

Abstract Yield losses due to nutrient deficiency are estimated as the primary cause of the yield gap worldwide. Understanding how plant roots perceive external nutrient status and elaborate morphological adaptations in response to it is necessary to develop reliable strategies to increase crop yield. In the last decade, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to be key players of the mechanisms underlying root responses to nutrient limitation. ROS contribute in multiple ways to shape the root system in response to nutritional cues, both as direct effectors acting on cell wall architecture and as second messengers in signalling pathways. Here, we review the mutual interconnections existing between perception and signalling of the most common forms of the major macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and ROS in shaping plant root system architecture. We discuss recent advances in dissecting the integration of these elements and their impact on morphological traits of the root system, highlighting the functional ductility of ROS and enzymes implied in ROS metabolism, such as class III peroxidases.
Theory of carrier and photon dynamics in quantum dot light emitters

We present a microscopic theory describing the charge carrier and light emission dynamics in quantum dot (QD) light emitters. The theory covers non‐classical light emission (fluorescence and Raman emission) in the low carrier injection limit as well as laser emission and pulse amplification in the high carrier injection limit. The theoretical approach is based on QD Bloch equations including microscopically calculated Coulomb and electron–phonon scattering rates between bound QD, continuous wetting layer (WL) and bulk states. In the low carrier density limit, multi‐phonon relaxation is the dominant process, while at high charge carrier densities, Coulomb scattering dominates the dynamics. Using an equation of motion approach, we address (i) time‐resolved fluorescence and Raman emission, (ii) electrical injection and charge carrier transfer from bulk into WL and QD states, (iii) single photon emission and (iv) gain dynamics of QD amplifiers and lasing dynamics in QD vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) at high injection currents.