Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commodity Revenues, Agricultural Sector and the Magnitude of Deindustrialization: A Novel Multisector Perspective

This study puts forward a model of a multisector economy and embeds it in a novel theoretical framework to address the relationship between commodity revenues and manufacturing output with a special focus on the role of the agricultural sector. The three-sector model lays the groundwork for analyzing policy choices in more complex sectoral settings. Based on the theoretical analysis, the study identifies the weight of the individual economic sectors in the public revenue generation as a determinant of the magnitude of rent seeking epitomized in the crowding out effect of investments in manufacturing. We find that enclave agriculture contributes to the deindustrialization pressure in the face of natural resource windfalls. The central finding of the multisector analysis is the conclusion that not diversification per se but rather a diversification with the substantial domestic factor or market orientation has the capability to limit the magnitude of deindustrialization. For the empirical validation of the theoretical findings, the study employs fixed effects, fully modified OLS, dynamic common correlated effects estimators and dynamic fixed effects estimators for the dataset of 113 developing and transition economies for 1963–2014 period. The estimations reveal that natural resource revenues correspond with a higher level of the manufacturing sector output. In the economies with a low level of economic diversification, commodity bonanza leads however to the shrinkage of the manufacturing. In the commodity revenue dependent settings, nevertheless, agricultural sector exports have a negative impact on the performance of the manufacturing sector. These findings are in line with the predictions of the theoretical model.
Efficacy and safety of ranibizumab with or without panretinal laser photocoagulation versus laser photocoagulation alone in proliferative diabetic retinopathy – the PRIDE study

Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the current standard of care in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, treatment with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor agents might offer better patient outcomes with fewer side‐effects. The PRIDE study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab with or without PRP compared with PRP alone in patients with PDR.
Tangent Fisher Vector on Matrix Manifolds for Action Recognition

In this paper, we address the problem of representing and recognizing human actions from videos on matrix manifolds. For this purpose, we propose a new vector representation method, named tangent Fisher vector, to describe video sequences in the Fisher kernel framework. We first extract dense curved spatio-temporal cuboids from each video sequence. Compared with the traditional ’straight cuboids’, the dense curved spatio-temporal cuboids contain much more local motion information. Each cuboid is then described using a linear dynamical system (LDS) to simultaneously capture the local appearance and dynamics. Furthermore, a simple yet efficient algorithm is proposed to learn the LDS parameters and approximate the observability matrix at the same time. Each video sequence is thus represented by a set of LDSs. Considering that each LDS can be viewed as a point in a Grassmann manifold, we propose to learn an intrinsic GMM on the manifold to cluster the LDS points. Finally a tangent Fisher vector is computed by first accumulating all the tangent vectors in each Gaussian component, and then concatenating the normalized results across all the Gaussian components. A kernel is defined to measure the similarity between tangent Fisher vectors for classification and recognition of a video sequence. This approach is evaluated on the state-of-the-art human action benchmark datasets. The recognition performance is competitive when compared with current state-of-the-art results.
Medical Undergraduate Perception on the Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Survey Based Study at Different Levels of Curriculum

Background: Sufficient and thorough knowledge in early recognition of symptoms and proper management of ASD is of utmost importance to medical graduates in the initial years of their learning in medical school. Their knowledge regarding ASD will be helpful when they become health care professionals as it will be easy for proper management of ASD. Our aim is to evaluate and analyze medical undergraduate student Method: Total of 221 undergraduate medical students studying in Preclinical, para clinical and early clinical phase of MMMC, participated in this questionnaire based survey study. Close ended questionnaire which was validated and proved to be reliable was given to students to assess their level of knowledge about ASD. Results of data were analyzed using SPSS software Results: Total mean score for the preclinical students was 5.91±2.90, for para-clinical it was 7.30±3.00 and that for clinical year students (students in 3rd year of medical school) it was 9.42±2.20 out of 14. The knowledge about ASD among the students significantly increased alongside their curricular levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: Overall knowledge of medical undergraduate students about the ASD at their preliminary curricular stages is inadequate. But, there was a significant improvement as their curriculum progresses which reflect the academic up gradation among the medical students and their positive attitude towards ASD.
Acetazolamide does not alter endurance exercise performance at 3500 m altitude.

Acetazolamide (AZ) is a medication commonly used to prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS) during rapid ascent to high altitude. However, it is unclear whether AZ use impairs exercise performance; previous literature regarding this topic is equivocal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AZ on time trial (TT) performance during a 30-hr exposure to hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to 3500 m altitude. Ten men (sea-level VO2peak: 50.8 ± 6.5 ml·kg-1·min-1; BF %: 20.6 ± 5.2%) completed two, 30-hr exposures at 3500 m. In a crossover study design, subjects were given either 500 mg/day of AZ or a placebo. Exercise testing was completed 2-hr and 24-hr after ascent and consisted of 15-min steady state treadmill walking at 40-45% sea-level VO2peak, followed by a 2-mile self-paced, treadmill TT. AMS was assessed after ~12 and 22-hr at 3500 m. The incidence of AMS decreased from 40% with placebo to 0% with AZ. Oxygen saturation was higher (P < 0.05) in AZ vs placebo trials at the end of the TT after 2-hr (85 ± 3% vs 79 ± 3%) and 24-hr (86 ± 3% vs 81 ± 4%). There was no difference in time to complete 2-miles between AZ and PL after 2-hr (20.7 ± 3.2 vs. 22.7 ± 5.0 min, P > 0.05) or 24-hr (21.5 ± 3.4 vs. 21.1 ± 2.9 min, P > 0.05) of exposure to altitude. Our results suggest that AZ (500 mg/day) does not negatively impact endurance exercise performance at 3500 m.
Role of Essential Drug List in Effective Management of Essential Anti- Malarial Drugs in Healthcare System of Pakistan Challenges in Policy Development to Practice

Background: Essential anti-malarial drugs are often not available in healthcare facilities when patients need them. Objective: The study aimed to assess role of essential drug list in drug management including availability and stock outs of anti-malarial drugs among public and private primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in two cities of Pakistan; Islamabad (Federal capital) and Rawalpindi (twin city). Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the availability, stock outs and management of anti-malarial drugs records in fifty public and private primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in the twin cities, namely Islamabad (Federal capital) and Rawalpindi. Pre-validated tools i.e. WHO facility indicator form and USAID inventory indicator and drug stock outs form were used to collect data. A structured questionnaire was designed for data collection on drug management from the personnel involved in drug management among both public and private primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities. After the data collection, data was coded and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Results: Essential drug list was not available in any of the healthcare facility. Chloroquine and sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine tablets were the most commonly available anti-malarial drugs in most of the public and private tertiary, secondary and primary healthcare facilities. On the other hand chloroquine injections were not available in any of the public or private tertiary, secondary and primary healthcare facility. Major stock-outs of anti-malarial drugs were seen in both healthcare facilities but the situation was more prevalent in the public healthcare facilities. Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that drug management follows different methods in both public and private healthcare facilities in the twin cities. Gaps in drug management including procurement, quantification, inventory control and drug stock outs must be addressed to improve the availability of drugs in healthcare system of Pakistan.
Reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex during continuous administration of anaesthetic agents: a double‐blind randomised crossover study using the bispectral index

Sugammadex, a specific reversal agent for steroidal neuromuscular blocking drugs, has on occasion been reported to be associated with clinical signs of awakening. We performed a study to systematically search for an increase in bispectral index values and signs of awakening in patients maintained under general anaesthesia following sugammadex administration. Patients, scheduled to receive general anaesthesia with neuromuscular blockade, were included in this double‐blind randomised crossover study. After surgery was completed, and while the train‐of‐four ratio was zero, intravenous anaesthesia was continued with the aim of maintaining the bispectral index in the range of 40–60. Patients then received either sugammadex 4 mg.kg−1 or saline. In cases of incomplete reversal of neuromuscular blockade after 5 min, patients received the other drug. Bispectral index and train‐of‐four monitoring were recorded every minute and clinical signs of awakening noted. Fifty‐one patients completed the study. Median (IQR [range]) bispectral index values increased after sugammadex administration from 49 (43–53 [38–64]) to 63 (53–80 [45–97]) (p < 0.01) with an increase of ≥ 20 in 22 patients; 14 (27%) patients had clinical signs of awakening. Saline had no effect on bispectral index values, clinical signs of awakening or degree of neuromuscular blockade. This study confirms that reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex may be associated with clinical signs of awakening despite maintenance of anaesthesia. Intravenous anaesthesia should be maintained until complete recovery of muscle function is achieved, especially when sugammadex is administered.
Stem cell-derived conditioned media from human exfoliated deciduous teeth promotes bone regeneration.

OBJECTIVES Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) are common congenital orofacial anomalies. Autogenous iliac bone grafting closes alveolar cleft defects but requires surgical intervention. Mesenchymal stem cell culture supernatant can regenerate tissues via paracrine activity. However, little is known about the bone-regenerative effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and conditioned media (CM). Our aim was to address this. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stem cells were isolated from primary tooth pulp and cultured. Defects were made in calvariae of immunodeficient mice and implanted with stem cell- or CM-containing atelocollagen. Regenerated bone was analysed by microcomputed tomography, haematoxylin-eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining. Vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31, and CD34 expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and the presence of several proteins and growth factors was verified in SHED-CM. RESULTS Bone regeneration was enhanced in defects treated with stem cells and CM compared to that in controls 8 weeks after transplantation. Mature bone formation and angiogenesis were confirmed with CM but not with stem cells or in controls. Secretome analysis using multiple cytokine assays revealed that SHED-CM contained tissue-regenerating factors with roles in angiogenesis and osteogenesis. CONCLUSION CM noninvasively regenerate bone and might be effective to reconstruct alveolar clefts in CL/P patients.
Factors influencing work engagement among psychiatric nurses in Japan.

AIM To identify the factors influencing work engagement among psychiatric nurses. BACKGROUND Work engagement is an essential outcome that promotes nurses' performance, but studies investigating its influencing factors remain limited in psychiatric settings. We hypothesized that job resources and personal resources positively predict psychiatric nurses' work engagement and have a particularly positive impact on engagement when job demand is high. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 425 Japanese psychiatric nurses. Data regarding demographics, job resources, personal resources (emotional intelligence), job demand (patients' attitude toward nurses), and work engagement were collected followed by data analysis using hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS Reward, supervisor support, nurse-physician collaboration, other-emotion appraisal, and use of emotions were positively related to work engagement. Patients' unpleasant attitude toward nurses boosted the association of reward and supervisor support with work engagement. CONCLUSIONS Certain job resources, empathic ability, and self-motivation ability may enhance work engagement. Furthermore, reward and supervisor support may be particularly useful when psychiatric nurses face patients' unpleasant attitude. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT For enhancing psychiatric nurses' work engagement, nursing leaders should educate nurses' skills related to empathy and self-motivation, consider whether nurses are confronted with patients' unpleasant attitude, and improve the job resources.
EVA – a non-linear Eulerian approach for assessment of health-cost externalities of air pollution

Integrated models which are used to account for the external costs of air pollution have to a considerable extent ignored the non-linear dynamics of atmospheric science. In order to bridge the gap between economic analysis and environmental modelling an integrated model EVA, based on a Eulerian atmospheric module for regional transport and chemical transformation of air pollutants, has been developed. The EVA model follows the impact-pathway approach of the ExternE-project, but provides damage estimates which are more consistent with the laws of physics and chemistry. In this paper the significance for the final external cost estimates of the Eulerian approach is explored. Uncertainties in the health costs estimates are endemic in particular for mortality, but in order to achieve a common baseline the approach recommended by the OECD has been employed for the valuation part. This approach implies the use of life-years lost as the basis for the valuation of chronic mortality. The comparison shows that external cost estimates from the approach normally used as a basis for cost-benefit analysis do not provide consistent figures as they fail adequately to capture the non-linear source-receptor relations of the emissions. External cost estimates based on the Eulerian approach, on the other hand, are in mutual conformity. The existence of non-linear dynamics and possible thresholds, both in the atmospheric modelling and in the dose-response functions for health effects, need further attention and should not be neglected when interpreting estimates for external effects. EVA is an abbreviation of Economic Valuation of Air Pollution.
Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Capecitabine After Standard Neo-/Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01)

PURPOSE Operable triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a higher risk of relapse than non-TNBCs with standard therapy. The GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01 trial explored extended adjuvant capecitabine after completion of standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were those with operable, node-positive—or node negative with tumor 1 cm or greater—TNBC, with prior anthracycline- and/or taxane-containing chemotherapy. After central confirmation of TNBC status by immunohistochemistry, patients were randomly assigned to either capecitabine or observation. Stratification factors included institution, prior taxane-based therapy, involved axillary lymph nodes, and centrally determined phenotype (basal v nonbasal, according to cytokeratins 5/6 and/or epidermal growth factor receptor positivity by immunohistochemistry). The primary objective was to compare disease-free survival (DFS) between both arms. RESULTS Eight hundred seventy-six patients were randomly assigned to capecitabine (n = 448) or observation (n = 428). Median age was 49 years, 55.9% were lymph node negative, 73.9% had a basal phenotype, and 67.5% received previous anthracyclines plus taxanes. Median length of follow-up was 7.3 years. DFS was not significantly prolonged with capecitabine versus observation [hazard ratio (HR), 0.82; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.06; P = . 136]. In a preplanned subgroup analysis, nonbasal patients seemed to derive benefit from the addition of capecitabine with a DFS HR of 0.53 versus 0.94 in those with basal phenotype (interaction test P = .0694) and an HR for overall survival of 0.42 versus 1.23 in basal phenotype (interaction test P = .0052). Tolerance of capecitabine was as expected, with 75.2% of patients completing the planned 8 cycles. CONCLUSION This study failed to show a statistically significant increase in DFS by adding extended capecitabine to standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC. In a preplanned subset analysis, patients with nonbasal phenotype seemed to obtain benefit with capecitabine, although this will require additional validation.
An eHealth Program for Parents of Adolescents With T1DM Improves Parenting Stress: A Randomized Control Trial

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of the Type 1 Teamwork program for parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on the primary outcome of psychosocial stress. Methods The study was a randomized wait-list control trial evaluating an eHealth program to reduce parenting stress around T1DM management during adolescence through interactive sessions on the safe transfer of responsibility, positive communication, and stress management. The primary outcome was psychosocial stress (parenting stress specific to child illness and general stress). Secondary outcomes included depressive and anxiety symptoms, parent support for adolescent autonomy, family conflict, and adolescent metabolic control (A1C). Data were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months online. Mixed-model analyses were conducted, using intent-to-treat procedures. Results Parents (n = 162) had a mean age of 45.6 (±5.3) years, were 98% female, 91% white, 91% married/partnered, 51% of high income, and geographically dispersed around the United States. Parents reported that adolescents had a mean A1C of 7.9% (±1.2%) and T1DM duration of 5.08 (±3.62) years. At 6 months, parents in the Type 1 Teamwork group demonstrated less parenting stress compared with the control group. There were no differences between groups on general stress or secondary outcomes. Attrition at 6 months was 32% in the treatment group and 11% in the control group. Conclusions An eHealth program for parents of adolescents with T1DM improves parenting stress in a sample of parents from across the United States.
Unraveling the Association Between Gait and Mortality—One Step at a Time

Abstract Background Slowness of walking is one of the very first signs of aging and is considered a marker for overall health that is strongly associated with mortality risk. In this study, we sought to disentangle the clinical drivers of the association between gait and mortality. Methods We included 4,490 participants of the Rotterdam Study who underwent a gait assessment between 2009 and 2015 and were followed-up for mortality until 2018. Gait was assessed with an electronic walkway and summarized into the domains Rhythm, Phases, Variability, Pace, Tandem, Turning, and Base of Support. Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and height were built and consecutively adjusted for six categories of health indicators (lifestyle, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, and neurological). Analyses were repeated in comorbidity-free individuals. Results Multiple gait domains were associated with an increased risk of mortality, including Pace (hazard ratio (HR) per SD worse gait, adjusted for other domains: 1.34 [1.19–1.50]), Rhythm (HR: 1.12 [1.02–1.23]) and Phases (HR: 1.12 [1.03–1.21]). Similarly, a 0.1 m/s decrease in gait speed was associated with a 1.21 (1.15–1.27) times higher hazard of mortality (HR fully adjusted: 1.14 [1.08–1.20]). In a comorbidity-free subsample, the HR per 0.1 m/s decrease in gait speed was 1.25 (1.09–1.44). Cause-specific mortality analyses revealed an association between gait speed and multiple causes of death. Conclusions Several gait domains were associated with mortality risk, including Pace which primarily represents gait speed. The association between gait speed and mortality persisted after an extensive adjustment for covariates, suggesting that gait is a marker for overall health.
Protecting health privacy even when privacy is lost

The standard approach to protecting privacy in healthcare aims to control access to personal information. We cannot regain control of information after it has been shared, so we must restrict access from the start. This ‘control’ conception of privacy conflicts with data-intensive initiatives like precision medicine and learning health systems, as they require patients to give up significant control of their information. Without adequate alternatives to the control-based approach, such data-intensive programmes appear to require a loss of privacy. This paper argues that the control view of privacy is shortsighted and overlooks important ways to protect health information even when widely shared. To prepare for a world where we no longer control our data, we must pursue three alternative strategies: obfuscate health data, penalise the misuse of health data and improve transparency around who shares our data and for what purposes. Prioritising these strategies is necessary when health data are widely shared both within and outside of the health system.