Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The dusty envelopes of FU Orionis variables

The spectral energy distributions of five FU Orionis variables are discussed using new ground-based infrared photometry and IRAS Addscan measurements. V1057 Cyg, V1515 Cyg, and Z CMa have much larger far-infrared fluxes than can be explained by the simple accretion disk models that match their spectral energy distributions less than 10 microns. The 10-20-micron excess emission in V1057 has decreased proportionately with the decline in optical light, which demonstrates that the far-infrared flux arises in a dust shell reprocessing light from the central object. It is suggested that the far-infrared excesses arise in somewhat flattened dusty envelopes with a covering factor in a solid angle of roughly one-half, which is consistent with the fraction of FU Orionis variables that are heavily embedded. It is proposed that the dusty envelope falls onto the outer disk at a rate of about 5 x 10 exp -6 solar mass/yr. The rate is sufficient to replenish disk material accreted during a FU Orionis outburst and allow repetitive eruptions on time scales of several thousand years.
Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Microflora in Dental and Atherosclerotic Plaques of Patients With Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis

Background: Internal carotid artery stenosis is primarily attributed to atherosclerosis in the carotid artery bifurcation. Previous studies have detected oral bacteria in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting an association between oral bacteria and atherosclerosis. In this study, we compared the bacterial flora of the atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery and dental plaque of patients with internal carotid artery stenosis using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) metagenomic sequencing. Methods: Fifty-four patients who underwent internal carotid endarterectomy for internal carotid artery stenosis at the Showa University Hospital between April 2016 and February 2018 were included. Polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S rRNA gene detected bacterial DNA in the carotid plaques of 11 cases, of which only 5 could be further analyzed. Thereafter, DNA extracted from the carotid and oral plaques of these 5 cases were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing targeting 16S rRNA. In addition, their general condition and oral conditions were evaluated. The patients were classified into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups based on the presence or absence of symptoms of transient ischemic attack, and their bacterial flora was evaluated. Results: The results demonstrated that the microflora of carotid plaques (n = 5) contained bacterial species from 55 families and 78 genera. In addition, 86.5% of the bacteria detected in the carotid plaques were also detected in oral plaques. Cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria accounted for 27.7% and 4.7% of the bacteria in the carotid plaques, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that oral bacteria are directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. More extensive studies of oral commensal bacteria detected in extra-oral lesions are warranted to comprehensively investigate the role of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases.
Effect of Stratiform Heating on the Planetary-Scale Organization of Tropical Convection

AbstractIt is widely recognized that stratiform heating contributes significantly to tropical rainfall and to the dynamics of tropical convective systems by inducing a front-to-rear tilt in the heating profile. Precipitating stratiform anvils that form from deep convection play a central role in the dynamics of tropical mesoscale convective systems. The wide spreading of downdrafts that are induced by the evaporation of stratiform rain and originate from in the lower troposphere strengthens the recirculation of subsiding air in the neighborhood of the convection center and triggers cold pools and gravity currents in the boundary layer, leading to further lifting. Here, aquaplanet simulations with a warm pool–like surface forcing, based on a coarse-resolution GCM of approximately 170-km grid mesh, coupled with a stochastic multicloud parameterization, are used to demonstrate the importance of stratiform heating for the organization of convection on planetary and intraseasonal scales. When the model paramet.
Masking Behaviors in the Absence of Local Mandate—An Observational Study from Hillsborough County, Florida

The purpose of this study was to understand the predictors of masking—especially age, race/ethnicity and gender—in Hillsborough County Florida, a region without mask mandates. Masking and social distancing behaviors of individuals were observed in Hillsborough County during one-week intervals in July 2021, August 2021 and Late September—early October 2021. Demographic and behavioral observations were recorded and logistic regression was utilized to determine the odds ratio of wearing a mask amongst various groups. Overall, masking ranged from 36.80% to 48.64%, peaking during the second observation period. Masking rates were highest amongst people of color, women and seniors. Establishments posting mask-negative language, such as “masks NOT required,” saw a 46% decrease in the odds of masking compared to establishments without mask-related signage (thereby defaulting to no mandate). Understanding who engaged in masking and social distancing behaviors will provide local public health officials with a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of previously used strategies, which can be leveraged in future surges of COVID-19 and other emergencies to create maximum impact. Lessons learned regarding policy implementation and understanding patterns of uptake of health guidelines are important for the continuous improvement of public health practice.
Ozone Measurements from Eyewall Transects of Two Atlantic Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Measurements of ozone (O3) concentrations obtained during aircraft eyewall crossings of Tropical Cyclones Floyd (September 1999) and Georges (September 1998) by NOAA P-3 hurricane research aircraft showed marked changes between the intensifying and weakening stages of the storms’ life cycles. Renewed deepening appeared to be underway near landfall of both storms. During intensification, ozone levels indicated that air either descended from an altitude <1 km above flight level or was strongly diluted with low-O3 eyewall air. During weakening, ozone concentrations were low throughout the eye and eyewall, consistent with the eye’s being filled with boundary layer air.
Integrated Radar-Communication Designs With Channel Estimation

The integration of radar and communication system is attracting considerable interest due to spectral scarcity and increasing demand for unified radar and communication applications. In this paper, four novel schemes combining channel estimation, radar detection, and information exchange using power splitting (PS) and time division (TD) are investigated: channel estimation PS (EPS), communication information exchange PS (CPS), channel estimation TD (ETD), and radar detection TD (RTD). Their achievable rate and tradeoff measure are derived and examined for different parameters. New radar detectors for EPS, CPS, and ETD are also proposed. Numerical results show that the optimal time ratio and power ratio for channel estimation, radar detection, and information exchange exist. Also, the CPS schemehas the best overall performance.
Background Music and Cognitive Task Performance: A Systematic Review of Task, Music, and Population Impact

Research on the effect of background music (BgM) on cognitive task performance is marked by inconsistent methods and inconclusive findings. In order to provide clarity to this area, we performed a systematic review on the impact of BgM on performances in a variety of tasks whilst considering the contributions of various task, music, and population characteristics. Following the PRISMA and SWiM protocols, we identified 95 articles (154 experiments) that comprise cognitive tasks across six different cognitive domains—memory; language; thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving; inhibition; attention and processing speed. Extracted data were synthesized using vote counting based (solely) on the direction of effects and analyzed using a sign test analysis. Overall, our results demonstrate a general detrimental effect of BgM on memory and language-related tasks, and a tendency for BgM with lyrics to be more detrimental than instrumental BgM. Only one positive effect (of instrumental BgM) was found; and in most cases, we did not find any effect of BgM on task performance. We also identified a general detrimental impact of BgM towards difficult (but not easy) tasks; and towards introverts (but not extraverts). Taken together, our results show that task, music, and population-specific analyses are all necessary when studying the effects of BgM on cognitive task performance. They also call attention to the necessity to control for task difficulty as well as individual differences (especially level of extraversion) in empirical studies. Finally, our results also demonstrate that many areas remain understudied and therefore a lot more work still needs to be done to gain a comprehensive understanding of how BgM impacts cognitive task performance.
Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review

OFCs (orofacial clefts) are among the most frequent congenital defects, but their etiology has yet to be clarified. OFCs affect different structures and functions with social, psychological and economic implications in children and their families. Identifying modifiable risk factors is mandatory to prevent the occurrence of non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 1 January 2012 to 25 May 2022 and a total of 7668 publications were identified. Studies focusing on the risk factors of NSOFCs were selected, leading to 62 case-control and randomized clinical trials. Risk factors were categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable. The first group includes genetic polymorphisms, gender of the newborn, ethnicity, and familiarity. Within the second group, risk factors that can only be modified before conception (consanguinity, parental age at conception, socio-economical and educational level, area of residency and climate), and risk factors modifiable before and after conception (weight, nutritional state, acute and chronic diseases, psychophysical stress, licit and illicit drugs, alcohol, smoke, pollutants and contaminants) have been distinguished. This study provides a wide overview of the risk factors of NSOFCs, focusing on modifiable ones, to suggest new perspectives in education, prevention, medical interventions and clinical research.
Low‐power optical bistability in a thermally stable AlGaAs étalon

Optical bistability with 10 mW input power is reported in a thermally stable, nonlinear AlGaAs etalon. A 3‐μm‐thick silver layer, which serves both as high‐reflecting mirror and heat sink, makes it possible to operate the device at arbitrary duty cycles and pulse lengths up to 0.5 s, without any regenerative pulsations, at room temperature. The device operation depends on the plasma‐induced electronic nonlinearity, and switching times are typically 10 ns. Device performance is compared with results from a numerical model which takes diffraction, diffusion, and heat conduction into account.
How to Decide the Proportion of Online to Face-to-Face Components of a Blended Course? A Delphi Study

Deciding the proportion of online to face-to-face components of a blended learning course is a complex problem that entails many decisions. These decisions are affected by different criteria related to the nature of the course, the educational institution, the teacher, and the students. The impact of these influential criteria on the design process is not always obvious. The aim of this study is to assist academics to design successful blended courses by investigating the impact of criteria that need consideration when deciding the proportion of online components of a blended course. A modified Delphi survey was used in this study. Eighteen experts with experience in instructional design and online teaching participated in the study. Findings indicate that technological aspects, that is, Availability of technology and Students’ access to technology, have a strong negative impact on the proportion of online to face-to-face components. On the other hand, students’ flexibility and convenience as well as the availability of a high level of institutional support should motivate academics to incorporate a high proportion of online components in their courses. The results also indicate that blended learning courses should have medium to high proportions of online components.
The Difference in Risk Factors Between Adults With Early-Onset (<40 Years Old) Versus Late-Onset (≥40 Years Old) Type 2 Diabetes in a University Hospital From January 2015-December 2017

Background: Diabetes will remain a threat to global health. No longer just a disorder of mature age, there is now a well-recognized trend towards the young. Early diagnosis leads to early intervention and prevention of complications in this susceptible but vital portion of the population. Objective: To compare the risk factors predisposing adults to early-onset (<40 years old) versus late-onset (≥40 years old) type 2 diabetes at the University of Santo Tomas Hospital from January 2015-December 2017. Methods: This is a retrospective review of medical records. All adult patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria from January 2015 to December 2017 were included in the study. Data from charts were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The early-onset group had a mean age of 34 years, while the late-onset group had a mean age of 51 years. The early-onset diabetics were mostly obese, had higher HbA1c, worse lipid profiles, and had a positive family history of diabetes. Only a BMI of >27.50 kg/m2 was found to be a significant risk factor contributing to early-onset of diabetes. Myocardial infarction and nephropathy were more frequent in the late-onset group while retinopathy was more common in the early-onset group. Lastly, only retinopathy and neuropathy were significantly associated with longer duration of diabetes. Conclusion: The mean age of Filipinos was at least 5 years younger than the studies done on Caucasians. Most patients in the early-onset group were obese and had worse metabolic profiles. Retinopathy was more common in the early-onset group, while myocardial infarction and neuropathy were more common in the latter.
Capabilities of Cermets Tools for High Speed Machining of Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cermets tools have very high hot hardness together with a low coefficient of friction, which facilitates machining at high speeds. In the present work cermet tools coated with titanium nitride were used to turn austenitic stainless steel at speeds between 300 and 700 m min-1. Feed rates were varied between 0.05 to 0.4 mm rev-1. Depth of cuts were between 0.1 and 0.5 mm. After machining, tool flank wear and the cutting edges were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that when cermet inserts were used for finishing cuts, very fine surfaces were produced. However, when used for roughing cuts, they tended to fracture unpredictably rather than having gradual flank wear. Thus, the cermet tools were found to perform satisfactorily only for finishing operations with feed rates ranging between 0.1 and 0.2 mm rev-1 and at the maximum depth of cut of 0.3 mm. For stable operations, the maximum cutting speed should be below 600 m min-1; exceeding this limit resulted catastrophic failure of the cutting edge.
A ‘poor man's Navier–Stokes equation’: derivation and numerical experiments—the 2‐D case

We present a systematic derivation of a discrete dynamical system directly from the two‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations via a Galerkin procedure and provide a detailed numerical investigation (covering more than 107 cases) of the characteristic behaviours exhibited by the discrete mapping for specified combinations of the four bifurcation parameters. We show that this simple 2‐D algebraic map, which consists of a bilinearly coupled pair of logistic maps, can produce essentially any (temporal) behaviour observed either experimentally or computationally in incompressible Navier–Stokes flows as the bifurcation parameters are varied in pairs over their ranges of stable behaviours. We conclude from this that such discrete dynamical systems deserve consideration as sources of temporal fluctuations in synthetic‐velocity forms of subgrid‐scale models for large‐eddy simulation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional Ensemble Forecasts Using the Ensemble Transform Technique

Abstract A computationally inexpensive ensemble transform (ET) method for generating high-resolution initial perturbations for regional ensemble forecasts is introduced. The method provides initial perturbations that (i) have an initial variance consistent with the best available estimates of initial condition error variance, (ii) are dynamically conditioned by a process similar to that used in the breeding technique, (iii) add to zero at the initial time, (iv) are quasi-orthogonal and equally likely, and (v) partially respect mesoscale balance constraints by ensuring that each initial perturbation is a linear sum of forecast perturbations from the preceding forecast. The technique is tested using estimates of analysis error variance from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System (NAVDAS) and the Navy’s regional Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) over a 3-week period during the summer of 2005. Lateral boundary conditions are provided by.
Supersymmetry breaking from superstrings

The gauge hierarchy problem is briefly reviewed and a class of effective field theories obtained from superstrings is described. These are characterized by a classical symmetry, related to the space-time duality of string theory, that is responsible for the suppression of observable supersymmetry breaking effects. At the quantum level, the symmetry is broken by anomalies that provide the seed of observable supersymmetry breaking, and an acceptably large gauge hierarchy may be generated. 26 refs.
The kernel of a rule of approximate integration

Abstract It is well known that the trapezoidal rule of quadrature is exact for linear functions on [0, 1], and easy to see that it is exact for functions of the form f = l+g where l is linear and g is odd about ½. Not so well known is an example of a continuous function for which the trapezoidal rule is exact but which does not have this form. In this paper we show that if the trapezoidal rule is exact for f then f has the form above provided it has either absolutely convergent Fourier series or continuous second derivative. We consider one-sided versions in which the approximate integrals are non-negative, and also characterize those sequences arising as the approximate integrals of a function with absolutely convergent Fourier series.
Exponential Sums and the Riemann Zeta Function V

A Van der Corput exponential sum is S = Σ exp (2 π i f(m)) where m has size M, the function f(x) has size T and α = (log M) / log T < 1. There are different bounds for S in different ranges for α. In the middle range where α is near 1/over 2, S=O(MTθ+ϵ) . This θ bounds the exponent of growth of the Riemann zeta function on its critical line Re s = 1/over 2. Van der Corput used an iteration which changed α at each step. The Bombieri–Iwaniec method, whilst still based on mean squares, introduces number‐theoretic ideas and problems. The Second Spacing Problem is to count the number of resonances between short intervals of the sum, when two arcs of the graph of y = f′(x) coincide approximately after an automorphism of the integer lattice. In the previous paper in this series [Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 66 (1993) 1–40] and the monograph Area, lattice points, and exponential sums we saw that coincidence implies that there is an integer point close to some ‘resonance curve’, one of a family of curves in some dual space, now calculated accurately in the paper ‘Resonance curves in the Bombieri–Iwaniec method’, which is to appear in Funct. Approx. Comment. Math.
HOT AND COLD DUST NEAR H ii REGIONS

We estimate the mass, temperature, and luminosity of the hot (⩾100 K), cool (20–40 K), and cold (⩽20 K) dust in the environs of Galactic H ii regions using Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) and Submillimeter Common User Bolometric Array (SCUBA) data. A total of 83 clouds have been examined using IRAS data. A two-component model spectral energy distribution (SED) of hot and cool dust is used to fit the IRAS data. All of the SEDs use a graphite/silicate mix of grains in an MRN distribution. A three-component model SED is fitted to combined SCUBA and IRAS data for 15 clouds near H ii regions to measure the cold dust component. Surprisingly, the ratio of the bolometric luminosity of the cool dust to the hot dust appears to be the same (2.8) in virtually all objects. The cool dust has typically four–five orders of magnitude greater mass than the hot dust. However, the mass in cold dust is much greater than the mass in cool and hot dust. We also find some evidence for a relationship between the cool and cold dust masses. These results may prove useful for using IR observations for estimating gas masses in extragalactic systems with active high-mass star formation.
Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Mediating Variable on the Effect of Psychological Empowerment and Competence on Employee Performance

The civil servant as a government resource plays an important role in providing services for the community. Implementation of public services needs professional, proactive, and competent personnel in endeavor to improve service quality to the community. It is a challenge for civil servants to perform well. Several factors may contribute to improving employee performance, i.e. psychological empowerment, competence, and organizational citizenship behavior. This study aims to analyze the effect of psychological empowerment and competence on employee performance and to determine the role of organizational citizenship behavior as a mediator of psychological empowerment and competence effect on employee performance. The respondent was all civil servants at the Regional Revenue Agency-Badung Regency-Bali Province-Indonesia, with a total sample of 155 by utilizing the saturated sampling method. The data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling -Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) 32.9. The results show that psychological empowerment and competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; psychological empowerment and competence have a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational citizenship behavior partially mediates the effect of psychological empowerment and competence on employee performance. These findings imply that psychological empowerment, employee competence, and organizational behavior are important factors that may be considered by the government in improving employee performance.