Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception and Intention to use E-learning from Students’ Point of View- An Evidence from Malaysia Local University

Education landscape has changed dramatically due to Covid19 pandemic as in many country, conventional or face-to-face teaching and learning is no longer an option to avoid the spread of a virus. E-learning become one of the best alternative to ensure education process could continue because experts believe world could only recover from this crisis in another two years. This paper will delve into students’ perspective about e-learning and their willingness to use e-learning. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to outlined this study. Majority of the student have an idea about what is e-learning. They also agree that e-learning able to accomplished learning and assessment proses as well as enable the interaction among students and student with instructor. Result also indicate, majority of the students have positive opinion towards e-learning nevertheless they prefer e-learning to be embedded in their education process (hybrid learning) as they are still prefer to have some level of face-to-face learning. However, this result cannot be used to generalize the opinion of all university’s’ student as diploma student tend to feel more comfortable to have face-to-face interaction with lecturer because they are in the transition period from school to university.
Inside the volcano: Three-dimensional magmatic architecture of a buried shield volcano

The nature and growth of magmatic plumbing systems are of fundamental importance to igneous geology. Traditionally, magma chambers have been viewed as rapidly emplaced bodies of molten rock or partially crystallized “magma mush” connected to the surface by a narrow cylindrical conduit (referred to as the “balloon-and-straw” model). Recent data suggest, however, that magma chambers beneath volcanoes are formed incrementally through amalgamation of smaller intrusions. Here we present the first high-resolution three-dimensional reconstruction of an ancient volcanic plumbing system as a large laccolithic complex. By integrating seismic reflection and gravity data, we show that the ∼200 km3 laccolith appears to have formed through partial amalgamation of smaller intrusions. The complex appears to have fed both surface volcanism and an extensive sill network beneath the volcanic edifice. Numerous sills are imaged within the volcanic conduit, indicating that magma stalled at various levels during its ascent. Our results reveal for the first time the entire multicomponent plumbing system within a large ancient shield volcano.
Pathogenesis of enzootic nasal tumor virus

PATHOGENESIS OF ENZOOTIC NASAL TUMOR VIRUS Scott R. Walsh Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Professor Sarah Wootton Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) is a betaretrovir us of sheep (ENTV-1) and goats (ENTV-2) associated with neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells of the ethmoid turbinate. Confirmation of the role of ENTV in the pathogenesi s of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) has yet to be resolved due to the lack of an infect ious molecular clone and inability of the virus to propagate in cell culture. Very little is known about the prevalence of ENA, particularly in North America, and only one full length sequence wa s available for each of ENTV-1 and ENTV2 at the initiation of this study. Serological scre ening has not been used for diagnostic purposes since reports have noted a lack of antibodies to th e virus capsid in animals with ENA. In this thesis, I hypothesized that ENTV-1 is the c ausative agent of ENA and that envelope mediated entry is a determining factor in the tissue tropism of ENA. Ten full-length ENTV-1 provirus sequences were determined from natu rally occurring ENA tumors of sheep from North America (ENTV-1NA). Overall, there was n unusually high degree of amino acid conservation among the isolates compared to other R NA viruses suggesting that ENTV-1 is under stabilizing selection and the bias towards sy non mous mutations we observed in the viral coding sequences support this hypothesis. Inductio n of ENA in a healthy lamb was shown after inoculation with filtered tumor homogenate, thereby demonstrating the transmissible nature of ENA. Detection of ENTV-1 antigens and virions with betaretrovirion morphology in tissue homogenates from the experimentally induced ENA sup ports ENTV-1 as the causative agent of ENA. A molecular clone of ENTV-1 was generated but virus generated from the molecular clone was defective in protease processing unless c omplemented with JSRV Gag-Pro-Pol polyprotein and was unable to induce tumors in vivo. A highly specific and sensitive RT-PCR assay for de tection of ENTV-1 genomic RNA in sheep nasal swab samples was developed based on the previously determined sequences. Antibodies reactive with the ENTV-1 envelope and ca psid antigens were detected in sheep affected with ENA as well as in sheep kept in proxi mity to diseased animals, but results of serology based diagnostic tests were inconsistent. Truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of the ENTV-1 en v lope protein was shown to dramatically increase transduction of pseudotyped v irions from two separate retroviral vector systems. In vivo transduction with lentivirus vectors pseudotyped w ith the truncated ENTV-1 envelope protein demonstrated that the envelope pro t in is not the restricting viral factor for determining the tissue tropism of ENA. In summary, I have shown that ENA is transmissible in sheep and that ENTV-1 is the causative agent of ENA but that induction of ENA is not the most common outcome of infection with ENTV-1.
INDEFATIGABLE WILLINGNESS TO ACCOMPLISH OBJECTIVES: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFL LEARNERS’ MOTIVATION AND AUTONOMY

The common widespread interest in the socio-cultural aspect of language learning among applied linguists has made ESL researchers draw attention to learners' motivation and autonomy in the European and Asian educational circles. The rationale of this study is to pinpoint the relationship between EFL learners’ motivation and autonomy. To gather relevant data, motivation and autonomy questionnaires were distributed among 100 EFL learners, who were chosen through Quick Placement Test (QPT), and were put them into B2, C1, and C2 levels of linguistic proficiency based on Common European Framework Rubric (CEFR) model. To fulfill the objectives of this study, both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized in the process of data analysis. Regarding the statistical analysis, learners’ motivation significantly correlated with their autonomy. Additionally, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between autonomy and intrinsic motivation, while the correlation between autonomy and extrinsic motivation was significant but negative. This study can shine a light on language teaching in general and in particular on the relationship between EFL learners' motivation and autonomy.
Association of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem with Economic Growth in Selected Countries: An Empirical Exploration

This study was created the entrepreneurship ecosystem index (EEI) as an effective tool for measurement of entrepreneurship ecosystem for 34 selected economies during 2000-2017. It was considered EEI as an integrated index of 12 different indicators (i.e. financing for entrepreneurs, governmental support and policies, taxes and bureaucracy, governmental programs, basic school entrepreneurial education and training, post school entrepreneurial education and training, R&D transfer, commercial and professional infrastructure, internal market dynamics, internal market openness, physical and services infrastructure, and cultural and social norms) of entrepreneurship activities. Composite Z-score technique was used to create EEI for undertaken economies. Thereupon, it assesses the association of estimated EEI with socio-economic, science & technology (S&T) and IPRs related factors using correlation coefficient techniques. Estimated values of EEI show that India has 8th position in entrepreneurship ecosystem among the 34 economies. Also, there was found a high diversity in entrepreneurship ecosystem in efficiency, factor and innovation driven economies due to variation in 12 indicators of entrepreneurship ecosystem and socio-economic activities. Accordingly, it investigates the causal relationship between EEI and per capita GDP using linear, non-linear and log-linear regression models at country-wise panel data. Empirical results imply that per capita GDP is significantly associated with entrepreneurship ecosystem, socio-economic, S&T and IPRs related indicators. Entrepreneurship ecosystem have a causal relationship with per capita GDP. Entrepreneurship ecosystem is significantly associated with socio-economic development and S&T and IPRs related indicators. It brings several practical policy proposals to create effective entrepreneurship ecosystem, and to sustain economic and social development in India. Research paper Keywords: Entrepreneurship ecosystem; Science & Technology, Intellectual property rights; Per capita GDP; Economic development; India; Developed and developing economies Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Singh, A. K. , & Ashraf, S. N. (2020). Association of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem with Economic Growth in Selected Countries: An Empirical Exploration, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 8 (2), 36–92.
Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with flax-basalt-glass woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures

An experimental investigation on the mechanical performance of interlayer hybrid flax-basalt-glass woven fabrics reinforced epoxy composite laminates has been performed. The tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear, bearing, and impact properties of the fabricated laminates were investigated. Test specimens were fabricated using vacuum bagging process. Failure modes of all specimens were recorded and discussed. Results proved that the mechanical properties of flax-basalt-glass hybrid laminates are highly dominated by the reinforcement combinations and plies stacking sequence. Hybridizing flax fiber reinforced composite with basalt and/or glass fabrics provides an effective method for enhancing its tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear, and bearing properties as well as controls the impact strength of the composite. The fabricated hybrids are found to have good specific mechanical properties benefits. Amongst the studied flax/basalt/glass hybrids, FBGs has the highest tensile properties, GBFs has the highest flexural and impact properties, and GFBs has the best shear and bearing properties. Flax-basalt-glass hybrid composites with different layering sequence seem to be an appropriate choice for lightweight load bearing structures.
Last scene in the large scale rotations of the Western Carpathians as reflected in paleomagnetic constraints

This paper provides an overview of the paleomagnetic results which constrain the post-Paleogene tectonic development of the Western Carpathians. A group of these results are relevant to the last stage of the Tertiary folding and thrusting of the Silesian, Dukla and Magura nappes of the Outer Western Carpathian and were obtained from Paleogene-Lower Miocene flysch sediments. Both the pre- and post-folding remanences indicate about 50° CCW vertical axis rotation with respect to the present orientation. This is about a 60° rotation relative to stable Europe. It follows that the general orientation of the Silesian and more internal nappes were NW-SE, at least until the mid-Miocene. The CCW vertical axis rotation was co-ordinated with that of the Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin. The termination of the rotation can be estimated from the paleomagnetic data available from the Pieniny andesites which intruded the Pieniny Klippen Belt and the southern part of the Magura Nappe as well as from those obtained for the Neogene intramontane basins which opened up in the Outer and in the Central Western Carpathians. The paleomagnetic vectors for the andesites form two groups. The first group suggests about 45° CCW rotation relative to north, while the second shows no rotation. At the present stage of our knowledge it seems likely that some of the andesite bodies were intruded around 18 Ma, which is the oldest isotope age for the intrusions of the Wzar Mts, while some other bodies could have been emplaced after the rotation, around 11 Ma, which is the youngest isotope age for the Brijarka quarry. Vertical axis CCW rotation was also observed on sediments older than 11.6 Ma in the Orava-Nowy Targ Intramontane Basin which saddles the Magura Nappe and the Central Carpathian Paleogene Basin. However, this rotation was related to fault zone activity and was not attributed to the general rotation of the Outer Western Carpathian nappe system. Paleomagnetic results from the Nowy Sącz Intramontane Basin, which opened over the Magura Nappe, and those for the Central Western Carpathian Turiec Intramontane Basin do not indicate vertical axis rotation. In the first case, the loosely controlled age limit of the termination of the rotation is around 12 Ma. Well constrained results from the second basin imply that the rotation was definitely over by 8 Ma. Based on the above observations, and aware of the problem of often loose age control on the formation and deformation of the deposits of the intramontane basins, it is tentatively concluded that the large scale CCW rotation of the Central Western Carpathians, together with the Magura, Dukla and Silesian nappes, must have started after 18 Ma and terminated around 11 Ma.
Total aboveground plant biomass is more strongly affected by climate than species diversity on a grassland in Liaoning, China

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationshipsbetween total aboveground plant biomass versus altitude, latitude,longitude, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation,and species diversity. Simple linear regression analysis was usedto study these relationships. Results showed that altitude was significantly,positively (R2= 0.038, P<0.01) related with total plant abovegroundbiomass. Meanwhile, when longitude (R2= 0.124, P<0.001)and latitude (R2= 0.221, P<0.001) increased, total aboveground biomassdecreased. The relationship between biomass and mean annualprecipitation was significantly, positively linear (R2= 0.149, P<0.001). Mean annual temperature was significantly, negatively correlatedwith biomass (R2= 0.145, P<0.001). The relationship between speciesdiversity and biomass was significant, but relatively weaker (i.e.,R2<0.063, P<0.05) compared with those for the climatic variables.This is, species diversity explained less than 7% of the total variabilityin total aboveground plant biomass. This result agrees with theidiosyncratic response hypothesis which suggests that ecosystem functionchanges when species diversity changes, but the magnitude anddirection of these changes are unpredictable because the roles of individualplant species are complex and varied.
Diluted Sugar Mill Effluent Application with PGPR Improves the Performance of Maize (Zea mays L.) under an Arid Climate

The disposal of sugar mill effluent is a serious matter of concern for the sugar industry. In this regard, the dilution of sugar mill effluent in combination with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) might be a viable option for improving crop growth. In this study, we evaluated the potential of diluted sugar mill effluent (SME) and PGPR to improve maize (Zea mays L.) performance. Seeds of a maize hybrid (Pioneer 1543) were sown in 20 kg soil-filled pots. The pots were irrigated with various sugar mill effluent concentrations (viz. 0, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 100% v/v). The results indicated that application of SME up to a concentration of 75% improved the stay-green, leaf emergence, growth and productivity of maize. However, the application of SME at a concentration of 100% was detrimental for maize plants and decreased the maize growth. The application of PGPR was also beneficial for improvement in stay-green, leaf emergence, growth and productivity of maize as compared with control (no PGPR application). In conclusion, the use of SME at concentration of 75% in combination with PGPR was the most effective method for improvement in stay-green, leaf emergence, growth and productivity of maize.
On-Board Data Analysis and Real-Time Information System

The DLR is currently working on an on-board data analysis and real-time information system, for satellites and other autonomous platforms. The system should offer query and alarming services with a query-response time of a few minutes. This is hard to archive today and would beneficial for many earth observation applications. A first prototype of the system has been designed and tested on a flight campaign. In this article we present the current status of the system, the next development steps for bringing the system closer to space, and the obstacles we have to tackle on the way.
Monitoring for Changes in Spring Phenology at Both Temporal and Spatial Scales Based on MODIS LST Data in South Korea

This study aims to monitor spatiotemporal changes of spring phenology using the green-up start dates based on the accumulated growing degree days (AGDD) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), which were deducted from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) data. The green-up start dates were extracted from the MODIS-derived AGDD and EVI for 30 Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch.) stands throughout South Korea. The relationship between green-up day of year needed to reach the AGDD threshold (DoYAGDD) and air temperature was closely maintained in data in both MODIS image interpretation and from 93 meteorological stations. Leaf green-up dates of Mongolian oak based on the AGDD threshold obtained from the records measured at five meteorological stations during the last century showed the same trend as the result of cherry observed visibly. Extrapolating the results, the spring onset of Mongolian oak and cherry has become earlier (14.5 ± 4.3 and 10.7 ± 3.6 days, respectively) with the rise of air temperature over the last century. The temperature in urban areas was consistently higher than that in the forest and the rural areas and the result was reflected on the vegetation phenology. Our study expanded the scale of the study on spring vegetation phenology spatiotemporally by combining satellite images with meteorological data. We expect our findings could be used to predict long-term changes in ecosystems due to climate change.
Anti-adhesion activity of mint (Mentha piperita L.) leaves extract against beverage spoilage bacteria Asaia spp.

The production of a functional beverage, supplemented with fruit flavourings meets the problem of microbiological contamination. The most frequent source of such spoilage is the bacteria from the relatively newly discovered genus Asaia. It causes changes in organoleptic properties, creating turbidity, haziness and distinctive sour odour as well as biofilm on production lines which are responsible for secondary contamination of products. For this reason, new methods using natural preservatives are being developed to minimize this microbiological contamination. The application of some plant extracts as an additives in functional beverages production is presumed to have a beneficial effect on reducing adhesive abilities of the bacteria. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of mint leaves extract on the Asaia lannensis and Asaia bogorensis adhesive abilities to polystyrene. The bacterial adhesion was analysed by means of plate count method and luminometric tests. Additionally, plant extract was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, in order to check polyphenols content. Results indicates that 10% (v/v) addition of mint extract significantly reduced Asaia spp. adhesion to polystyrene. Due to the presence of bioactive compounds in the used extract, it can be used as an additive to increase microbiological stability as well as health promoting values of beverages.
The Ångström Exponent and Single-Scattering Albedo of Black Carbon: Effects of Different Coating Materials

In this work, the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), extinction Ångström exponent (EAE), and single-scattering albedo (SSA) of black carbon (BC) with different coating materials are numerically investigated. BC with different coating materials can provide explanations for the small AAE, small EAE, and large AAE observed in the atmosphere, which is difficult to be explained by bare BC aggregate models. The addition of organic carbon (OC) does not necessarily increase AAE due to the transformation of BC morphologies and the existence of non-absorbing OC. The addition of coating materials does also not necessarily decrease EAE. While the addition of coating materials can increase the total size of BC-containing particles, the effective refractive index can be modified by introducing the coating materials, so increases the EAE. We found that it is not possible to differentiate between thinly- and heavily-coated BC based on EAE or AAE alone. On the other hand, SSA is much less sensitive to the size and can provide much more information for distinguishing heavily-coated BC from thinly-coated BC. For BC with different coating materials and mixing states, AAE, EAE, and SSA show rather different sensitivities to particle size and composition ratios, and their spectral-dependences also exhibit distinct differences. Different AAE and EAE trends with BC/OC ratio were also found for BC with different coating materials and mixing states. Furthermore, we also found empirical fittings for AAE, EAE, SSA, and optical cross-sections, which may be useful for retrieving the size information based on the optical measurements.
An eye-tracking study on the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on the acquisition of English passive forms

The present study explores the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on the acquisition of English passive forms using online measurements (eye-tracking). Previous empirical research investigating the effects of processing instruction through offline measurements (sentence and discourse-level) has overall shown that it is an effective pedagogical intervention. Research investigating the main factor responsible for the effectiveness of processing instruction has confirmed that it is the structured input component that is the causative factor for the positive effects of processing instruction. The two main questions of this study are: (1) What are the effects of structured input and traditional instruction on accuracy when measured by an eye-tracking picture selection task? (2) Would possible differences in accuracy between structured input and traditional instruction be accompanied by changes in eye-movement patterns? To provide answers to the questions formulated in this study, one eye-tracking study was carried out. Sixty-four school-age learners (15–16 years old) participated and were assigned to one of two groups: structured input (n = 32 or traditional instruction (n = 32). Neither instructional group received explicit information. A pre- and post-training design was adopted and the two groups received two different instructional treatments (structured input vs traditional instruction). Participants were assessed through a picture selection eye-tracking task to measure accuracy and eye-movement patterns while they were processing auditory sentences. Results of the eye-tracking task indicated that the structured input group achieved significantly higher accuracy scores compared with the group receiving traditional instruction. The main findings from the present study reveal that structured input training might cause a change in learners’ eye-movement patterns.