Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic inequalities in children’s nutritional status in Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2017–2018: an analysis of data from a nationally representative survey

Abstract Objective: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has one of the highest levels of child undernutrition globally; however, little information exists on the underlying socio-economic inequalities resulting in undernutrition. This study aims to examine the differences in the nutritional statuses of children across different wealth quintiles and explores the association between malnutrition in children and related factors. Design: We utilised the 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data. We estimated the prevalence of malnutrition across all twenty-six provinces. The study used the WHO 2006 child growth standards to measure stunting, underweight and wasting. We employed a mixed-effect linear model to analyse the association between nutritional status and healthcare accessibility, domestic sanitation, and socio-demographic factors. Setting: Twenty-six provinces in the DRC. Participants: 21 477 children under 5 years of age and 21 828 women of childbearing age in the DRC. Results: The national prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was found to be 23·33 %, 42·05 % and 5·66 %, respectively. Household wealth and mother’s education level were significantly positively associated with the nutritional statuses of children. Among households in the lowest wealth quintile, residence in urban areas was a protective factor against undernutrition. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate considerable socio-economic inequalities in the nutritional statuses of children under 5 years of age in the DRC, highlighting the need for nutrition promotion as part of maternal and child healthcare. Interventions and policies should include improving nutrition education for less-educated mothers, in particular, in the central provinces of the DRC.
The role of prepotent response inhibition and interference control in depression

ABSTRACT Introduction The ability to suppress inappropriate prepotent response and to overcome the interference of irrelevant information are two important components of inhibitory control. Little is known, however, about the relevant contributions in these two components of inhibitory control to depression. The aim of the present study was to assess the prepotent response inhibition and interference control simultaneously in a group of patients diagnosed with major depression disorder (MDD). Methods A clinical group of patients with MDD (n = 41) and a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 39) were recruited and assessed using the stop-signal task and the Flanker task respectively. Results The results showed longer stop-signal reaction time in patients with MDD in the stop-signal task. Regarding the interference control function, the analysis showed the response accuracy under the incongruent condition was significantly lower in patients with MDD than healthy individuals. Conclusions In conclusion, patients with MDD showed impairments both in prepotent response inhibition and interference control. The present findings provide a better understanding of the mechanism of depression-related deficits in inhibition and have great implications for the development of cognitive training programmes to remediate cognitive dysfunction in depression.
A multicenter study of interobserver variability in pathologic diagnosis of papillary breast lesions on core needle biopsy with WHO classification

Background Papillary breast lesions (PBLs) comprise diverse entities from benign and atypical lesions to malignant tumors. Although PBLs are characterized by a papillary growth pattern, it is challenging to achieve high diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. Thus, we investigated the diagnostic reproducibility of PBLs in core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens with World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Methods Diagnostic reproducibility was assessed using interobserver variability (kappa value, κ) and agreement rate in the pathologic diagnosis of 60 PBL cases on CNB among 20 breast pathologists affiliated with 20 medical institutions in Korea. This analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and p63. The pathologic diagnosis of PBLs was based on WHO classification, which was used to establish simple classifications (4-tier, 3-tier, and 2-tier). Results On WHO classification, H&E staining exhibited ‘fair agreement’ (κ = 0.21) with a 47.0% agreement rate. Simple classifications presented improvement in interobserver variability and agreement rate. IHC staining increased the kappa value and agreement rate in all the classifications. Despite IHC staining, the encapsulated/solid papillary carcinoma (EPC/SPC) subgroup (κ = 0.16) exhibited lower agreement compared to the non-EPC/SPC subgroup (κ = 0.35) with WHO classification, which was similar to the results of any other classification systems. Conclusions Although the use of IHC staining for CK5 and p63 increased the diagnostic agreement of PBLs in CNB specimens, WHO classification exhibited a higher discordance rate compared to any other classifications. Therefore, this result warrants further intensive consensus studies to improve the diagnostic reproducibility of PBLs with WHO classification.
Vaccine hesitancy and religiosity in a sample of university students in Venezuela

ABSTRACT The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela has made it difficult to satisfactorily manage the COVID-19 pandemic in that nation. A vaccination program has begun, but its pace has been slow, as compared to vaccination in other countries. One considerable obstacle faced by vaccination efforts in Venezuela is vaccine hesitancy. Differences across religious groups regarding vaccine hesitancy in Venezuela have not been sufficiently explored. The present study consists of a sample of 230 university students in Venezuela, assessing their intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Their responses are compared across religious affiliations, and correlated with three variables: belief in vaccine conspiracy theories, religiosity, and acceptance of the theory of evolution. Results come out showing that Protestants are the religious group most hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccine, followed by Catholics and the non-religious. Results also show that vaccine hesitancy is correlated with vaccine conspiracy theories and acceptance of the theory of evolution, but not with religiosity itself.
The cure of leukemia through the optimist's prism

Progress is occurring at a dizzying rate across all leukemias. Since the authors' review of the topic in Cancer in 2018, numerous discoveries have been made that have improved the therapy and outcomes of several leukemia subsets. Hairy cell leukemia is potentially curable with a single course of cladribine followed by rituximab (10‐year survival, ≥90%). Acute promyelocytic leukemia is curable at a rate of 80% to 90% with a nonchemotherapy regimen of all‐trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. The cure rate for core‐binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is ≥75% with fludarabine, high‐dose cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Survival for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia is close to that for an age‐matched normal population with BCR‐ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a previously incurable disease, may now be potentially curable with a finite duration of therapy with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and venetoclax. The estimated 5‐year survival rate for patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exceeds 70% with intensive chemotherapy and ponatinib, a third‐generation BCR‐ABL1 TKI, and more recent nonchemotherapy regimens using dasatinib or ponatinib with blinatumomab are producing outstanding results. Survival in both younger and older patients with ALL has improved with the addition of antibodies targeting CD20, CD19 (blinatumomab), and CD22 (inotuzumab) to chemotherapy. Several recent drug discoveries (venetoclax, FLT3 and IDH inhibitors, and oral hypomethylating agents) are also improving outcomes for younger and older patients with AML and for those with higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome.
Contemporary Sterilization Protocols of Healing Abutments for Reusability: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Although healing abutments are designated for single use by most implant manufacturers, it is common practice for clinicians to reuse healing abutments. However, there is a lack of adequate references that describe detailed sterilization protocols for reuse of healing abutments. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to compile, organize, and describe the most common techniques for the sterilization of healing abutments and their efficiency in eliminating traces of microorganisms. Methods: An electronic search in 5 different databases was performed, including the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to December 2020. Search variables included were dental implant, healing abutment, contaminate, contamination, reuse, and sterilization. Studies reporting with a minimum sample size of 10 healing abutments (5 per group) published in the English language were evaluated. Risk of bias assessment was elaborated for included investigations. Results: In total, 812 articles were identified, of which 8 were included in the analysis. Steam autoclave was the most widely used form of resterilization. Not a single protocol, however, was able to achieve 100% virgin surface of the healing abutments. Conclusion: Although reuse of dental implant healing abutments is a cost-effective measure in dental practice, thorough surface decontamination followed by resterilization is highly recommended before reuse. Knowledge Transfer Statement: With consideration of cost and patient preference, results of this review would be useful in knowing various sterilization protocols for reusing healing abutments that could lead to more appropriate therapeutic decisions.
An identical DCTN1 mutation in two Chinese siblings manifest as dHMN and ALS respectively: a case report

Abstract Mutations in the DCTN1 gene have been found in patients with various neurodegenerative diseases, and the spectrum is still expanding. Here, we report a mutation in DCTN1 (c.175G > C, p.G59R) identified in two patients, who manifested dHMN and ALS, respectively, in an affected family. The clinical manifestations and eightyear follow-up suggested that this mutation is pathogenic. The phenomena observed in this family with the same DCTN1 mutation illustrate the clinical heterogeneity of DCTN1 gene mutations and expand our understanding of their genotype-phenotype relationships. Further research and functional experiments, especially mutation at amino acid position 59 of DCTN1, are required.
Effects of Different Levels of NPK and Molybdenum on Soil Physico - Chemical Properties of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) Var. Shekhar-2

Pulses are one of the second most important segments of Indian Agriculture after cereals as they rich in protein and play vital role in human diet. Pulses improve soil health by enriching nitrogen status, long-term fertility and sustainability of the cropping systems. It meets up to 80% of its nitrogen requirement from symbiotic nitrogen fixation from air. In India, production of pulses is around 19.3 million tonnes with a very low average productivity of 764 kg ha -1 . Pulses are least preferred by farmers because of high risk and less remunerative than cereals; consequently, the production of the pulses is sufficiently low. Black gram (Vigna Mungo L.), is one of the important pulses crop, grown throughout the country. Among pulses, black gram has increased from 1.87 m ha in 1971–72 to 3.11 m ha during 2012-13 with production level of 1.90 MT (ESI 2015). This increase in production is mainly attributed to additional area brought under the crop as well as productivity gains (from 0.5 to 1.3 t ha -1 ). Summer cultivation in northern India and winter cultivation in rice fallows in southern and coastal areas of the country also added to additional acreage. Black grams are widely considered as an excellent source of high quality protein with good digestibility and also contain water soluble vitamins and International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 8 (2017) pp. 1082-1088 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
The effect of different cleaning agents and resin cement materials on the bond strength of contaminated zirconia

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different cleaning methods and resin cements on the shear bond strength (SBS) of contaminated zirconia. A total of 92 disc‐shaped zirconia specimens were contaminated with different procedures. Then, the specimens were grouped according to cleaning methods and resin cements: no cleaning + Variolink Esthetic DC (CNV), no cleaning + Panavia V5 (CNP), sandblasted + Variolink Esthetic DC (SBV), sandblasted + Panavia V5 (SBP), Ivoclean + Variolink Esthetic DC (ICV), Ivoclean + Panavia V5 (ICP), Katana Cleaner + Variolink Esthetic DC (KCV), and Katana Cleaner + Panavia V5 (KCP). Following an aging protocol in a 37°C for 1 week, SBS analysis was performed with a universal test machine. For the surface topography and elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used. Significance was evaluated as p < . 05 and p < . 01. The highest SBS results were found in the SBP group, showing a statistically significant difference from all other groups (p < .05). For the same cleaning method, Panavia V5 showed statistically significantly higher SBS values than Variolink Esthetic DC (p < .01), except the CNP–CNV (p = .880) and KCP–KCV (p = .082) groups. The most detected surface elements by EDS were Zr, O, C, and N, respectively. The contaminated zirconia surfaces must be cleaned for successful adhesion. The use of phosphate‐containing adhesives in combination with sandblasting will increase the adhesion strength, and universal cleaning agents can be a good alternative to sandblasting.
Convective Transport Phenomena on the Suction Surface of a Turbine Blade Including the Influence of Secondary Flows Near the Endwall

A naphthalene sublimation technique is employed to study the mass transfer distribution on the suction (convex) surface of a simulated turbine blade. Comparison with a heat transfer study shows good agreement in the general trends in the region of two-dimensional flow on the blade.Near the endwall, local convective coefficients on the suction surface are obtained at 4608 locations from two separate runs. The secondary flows in the passage significantly affect the mass transfer rate on the suction surface and their influence extends to a height of 75% of the chord length, from the endwall, in the trailing edge region. The mass transfer rate in the region near the endwall is extremely high due to small but intense vortices. Thus, a large variation in the mass transfer distribution occurs on the suction surface, from a mass transfer Stanton number of 0.0005 to a maximum of 0.01. In the two-dimensional flow region, the mass transfer distributions at two different Reynolds number are presented.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
Chronic exogenous ketone supplementation blunts the decline of cardiac function in the failing heart

Recent evidence has demonstrated that ketone bodies, particularly β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), are beneficial to the failing heart due to their potential as an alternative energy substrate as well as their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative properties. Exogenous supplementation of ketones also helps prevent heart failure (HF) development in rodent models, but whether ketones can be used to treat HF remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated whether chronic supplementation of ketones is beneficial for the heart in a mouse model of established HF.
Physiological roles of Casparian strips and suberin in the transport of water and solutes

Summary The formation of Casparian strips (CS) and the deposition of suberin at the endodermis of plant roots are thought to limit the apoplastic transport of water and ions. We investigated the specific role of each of these apoplastic barriers in the control of hydro‐mineral transport by roots and the consequences on shoot growth. A collection of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in suberin deposition and/or CS development was characterized under standard conditions using a hydroponic system and the Phenopsis platform. Mutants altered in suberin deposition had enhanced root hydraulic conductivity, indicating a restrictive role for this compound in water transport. In contrast, defective CS directly increased solute leakage and indirectly reduced root hydraulic conductivity. Defective CS also led to a reduction in rosette growth, which was partly dependent on the hydro‐mineral status of the plant. Ectopic suberin was shown to partially compensate for defective CS phenotypes. Altogether, our work shows that the functionality of the root apoplastic diffusion barriers greatly influences the plant physiology, and that their integrity is tightly surveyed.
Epstein–Barr virus status of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma is associated with patient age and mutational features

Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most frequent tumour of children and adolescents but a rare subtype of lymphomas in adults. To date most molecular data have been obtained from lymphomas arising in the young. Recently, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positive and negative BL in young patients was shown to differ in molecular features. In the present study, we present a large age‐overarching cohort of sporadic BL (n = 162) analysed by immunohistochemistry, translocations of MYC proto‐oncogene, basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor (MYC), B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and by targeted sequencing. We illustrate an age‐associated inter‐tumoral molecular heterogeneity in this disease. Mutations affecting inhibitor of DNA binding 3, HLH protein (ID3), transcription factor 3 (TCF3) and cyclin D3 (CCND3), which are highly recurrent in paediatric BL, and expression of sex determining region Y‐box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) declined with patient age at diagnosis (P = 0·0204 and P = 0·0197 respectively). In contrast, EBV was more frequently detected in adult patients (P = 0·0262). Irrespective of age, EBV‐positive sporadic BL showed significantly less frequent mutations in ID3/TCF3/CCND3 (P = 0·0088) but more often mutations of G protein subunit alpha 13 (GNA13; P = 0·0368) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1; P = 0·0044) compared to EBV‐negative tumours. Our findings suggest that among sporadic BL an EBV‐positive subgroup of lymphomas increases with patient age that shows distinct pathogenic features reminiscent of EBV‐positive endemic BL.
Micropattern platform promotes extracellular matrix remodeling by human PSC‐derived cardiac fibroblasts and enhances contractility of co‐cultured cardiomyocytes

In native heart tissue, cardiac fibroblasts provide the structural framework of extracellular matrix (ECM) while also influencing the electrical and mechanical properties of cardiomyocytes. Recent advances in the field of stem cell differentiation have led to the availability of human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiac fibroblasts (iPSC‐CFs) in addition to cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CMs). Here we use a novel 2D in vitro micropatterned platform that provides control over ECM geometry and substrate stiffness. When cultured alone on soft micropatterned substrates, iPSC‐CFs are confined to the micropatterned features and remodel the ECM into anisotropic fibers. Similar remodeling and ECM production occurs when cultured with iPSC‐CMs in a co‐culture model. In addition to modifications in the ECM, our results show that iPSC‐CFs influence iPSC‐CM function with accelerated Ca2+ transient rise‐up time and greater contractile strains in the co‐culture conditions compared to when iPSC‐CMs are cultured alone. These combined observations highlight the important role cardiac fibroblasts play in vivo and the need for co‐culture models like the one presented here to provide more representative in vitro cardiac constructs.
Sulfur deficiency-induced genes affect seed protein accumulation and composition under sulfate deprivation

Abstract Sulfur deficiency-induced proteins SDI1 and SDI2 play a fundamental role in sulfur homeostasis under sulfate-deprived conditions (−S) by downregulating glucosinolates. Here, we identified that besides glucosinolate regulation under –S, SDI1 downregulates another sulfur pool, the S-rich 2S seed storage proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds. We identified that MYB28 directly regulates 2S seed storage proteins by binding to the At2S4 promoter. We also showed that SDI1 downregulates 2S seed storage proteins by forming a ternary protein complex with MYB28 and MYC2, another transcription factor involved in the regulation of seed storage proteins. These findings have significant implications for the understanding of plant responses to sulfur deficiency.
Lessons learned from COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia: experiences, challenges, and opportunities

ABSTRACT The development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines as well as their delivery to people’s arms are the best hope for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the implementation of vaccination varies greatly across countries, with the developing countries lagging behind. This study investigates Indonesia’s vaccination experiences, challenges, and acceleration over the course of implementation period. This study provides simulations to estimate the vaccination rate using time-series forecasting machine learning. We use Administrative data and Survey results in our analysis. Our findings suggest limited vaccine availability had caused low-coverage vaccination implementation in the early stage of vaccination implementation period. However, following the increased availability of vaccine, the vaccination rate accelerates up to 600% times. The government of Indonesia utilized strategic public places, public and private offices, and engaging private sectors in the phase two implementation to accelerate the vaccination implementation. Indonesia might reach 63.1 million individuals vaccinated at the end of March 2022, or 35% of the targeted population with up to April 2021 vaccination rate. To accelerate, government introduced a number of new strategies including door-to-door persuasion through neighborhood association (RT), educating individuals, and providing transportation from their home to the vaccination facility. We expect new strategies could further improve vaccination speed by around 1.4 million to 3.5 million individuals per day.