Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Categorias teóricas de shulman: revisão integrativa no campo da formação docente

This study presents an integrative literature review. It aim was to identify the trends and characteristics of Brazilian academic researches that used the theoretical categories of teaching knowledge, formulated by Shulman and collaborators: pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), pedagogical action and reasoning processes. We found 114 studies, most of which published since 2010. The studies focus mainly on the initial education of teachers who teach in the final years of fundamental (from 11 to 14 years old) and high school, to understand how PCK is developed and mobilized. The analysis presented here can stimulate the development of further research.
How Does Competition Affect Reputation Concerns? Theory and Evidence from Airbnb

I show how changes in competition affect the power of reputation to induce sellers to exert effort. The impact of competition on sellers’ incentives is theoretically ambiguous. More com-petition disciplines sellers, but, at the same time, it erodes reputational premia. This paper identifies empirically whether one effect dominates the other using data from Airbnb. To guide the empirical analysis, I develop a model of reputation where the relative number of hosts and guests affects the value of building a reputation through effort. In this framework, more competition depresses hosts’ profits and leads hosts to reduce effort. I test the model’s predic-tion exploiting a change in regulation for Airbnb listings effective in San Francisco in 2017. I identify a negative causal effect of competition on effort. As the number of competitors sur-rounding each listing increases by 10 percent, ratings about hosts’ effort decrease by more than one standard deviation. These findings suggest that more competition may erode incentives for high-quality services in markets where sellers’ performances depend on reputation.
A comparison of wildlife value orientations and attitudes toward timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)

ABSTRACT Human-wildlife interactions can be explained using a cognitive hierarchy model, in which wildlife value orientations (WVO) form the basis for human beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors related to wildlife and wildlife management. In this article, we used data from a mail survey to test the fit of an established WVO framework to a venomous snake species. Study participants were divided into four WVO types (Distanced, Mutualists, Pluralists, Traditionalists). Results indicated that WVO types varied by sex and certain lifestyle factors. Attitudes toward timber rattlesnakes also varied by WVO type. Pluralists exhibited the most favorable attitudes while Traditionalists exhibited the most adverse attitudes toward timber rattlesnakes. Potential for Conflict Index (PCI2) analysis revealed variation among members of each WVO type in support for timber rattlesnake management strategies. This segmentation method can help wildlife managers and researchers better understand the diversity of human characteristics related to conservation and management of wildlife species.
Medicaid Managed Care: Efficiency, Medical Loss Ratio, and Quality of Care

The recent final rule on Medicaid managed care establishes the minimum medical loss ratio (MLR) requirement for Medicaid managed care and contains several provisions to strengthen delivery and payment reforms and improve efficiency and quality of care. Accordingly, this research examines the quality of Medicaid managed care and the effect of MLR and efficiency. The results show that, medical services efficiency has an insignificant (but negative) effect on the quality of care, which indicates that there may be room to improve medical services efficiency without significantly reducing the quality of care. The MLR does have a significantly positive effect on the aggregate quality ratings, however the magnitude of this effect is very small. This indicates that a minimum MLR requirement of 80% or 85% does not make a large difference on quality ratings.
Nuclear Data Covariance Analysis in Radiation-Transport Simulations Utilizing SCALE Sampler and the IRDFF Nuclear Data Library

This article describes the nuclear data covariance analysis of an experimental design for a neutron energy-tuning assembly (ETA) created to shape a 14-MeV neutron point source to an objective spectrum. Underlying nuclear data uncertainties play a large role in the radiation transport and reaction rates for the range of responses to be expected from an experiment. The methodology leveraged the Standardized Computer Analysis for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) Sampler module to determine the uncertainty in the neutron transport. The reaction uncertainty was perturbed with the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion File v.1. 05 uncertainty, correlation matrix, and reaction cross section through multivariate normal distribution sampling to provide a final response metric. The resultant neutron fluence uncertainty for the ETA ranged from 2.7% to 6.2% in the energy range from 1.28 keV to 14.1 MeV, which contains 99.99% of the neutron fluence. The integrated uncertainties, including statistical and systematic nuclear data uncertainties, for the reaction products analyzed were 2.33% to 4.84% for most reactions, but 55Mn(n, $\gamma $ ), a less well-characterized reaction occurring in an energy domain with high flux uncertainty, was 19.7%. The mean of the reaction distributions was within 1.1% of the unperturbed nuclear data simulation. The experiment is planned for late 2019, where the predicted results will be compared against the experimental outcomes. The methodology presented can be utilized with alternate nuclear libraries in SCALE to develop uncertainty bounds and neutron flux spectra for many radiation-transport problems.
The impact of corporate social responsibility on firms’ financial performance, evidence from the food and beverage industry

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firms’ financial performance (FP) in the food and beverage (FB on the other side, environmental outcomes show insignificant or non-positive effects depending on different measurements of FP.,Despite the mixed set of results between CSR and a firm’s performance in the literature, this research provides a new framework in which the impact of CSR on FP is analysed through the effectiveness of CSR governance on CSR outcomes (social and environmental). Moreover, this study contributes to the CSR literature understanding the impact of both environment and social concerns by companies on firm’s FP in F&B context.
Herbicide programs to manage glyphosate/dicamba-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean

Abstract Evolution of kochia resistance to glyphosate and dicamba is a concern for growers in the US Great Plains. An increasing use of glyphosate and dicamba with the widespread adoption of glyphosate/dicamba-resistant (GDR) soybean in recent years may warrant greater attention. Long-term stewardship of this new stacked-trait technology will require the implementation of diverse weed control strategies, such as the use of soil-residual herbicides (PRE) aimed at effective control of GDR kochia. Field experiments were conducted in Huntley, MT, in 2017 and 2018, and Hays, KS, in 2018 to determine the effectiveness of various PRE herbicides applied alone or followed by (fb) a POST treatment of glyphosate plus dicamba for controlling GDR kochia in GDR soybean. Among PRE herbicides tested, sulfentrazone provided complete (100%), season-long control of GDR kochia at both sites. In addition, PRE fb POST programs tested in this study brought 71% to 100% control of GDR kochia throughout the season at both sites. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE resulted in 57% to 70% control across sites at 9 to 10 wk after PRE (WAPRE). However, mixing dicamba with pyroxasulfone improved control up to 25% at both sites. Kochia plants surviving pyroxasulfone applied PRE alone produced 2,530 seeds m–2 compared with pyroxasulfone + dicamba (230 seeds m–2) at the Montana site. No differences in soybean grain yields were observed with PRE alone or PRE fb POST treatments at the Montana site; however, dicamba, pyroxasulfone, and pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P applied PRE brought lower grain yield (1,150 kg ha–1) compared to all other tested programs at the Kansas site. In conclusion, effective PRE or PRE fb POST (two-pass) programs tested in this research should be proactively utilized by the growers to manage GDR kochia in GDR soybean. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; dicamba; dimethenamid-P; pendimethalin; pyroxasulfone; sulfentrazone; kochia, Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr
Effect of cultivation conditions on mycelial growth and antibacterial activity of Lentinula edodes and Fomitopsis betulina.

This research dealt with the effect of cultivation conditions on mycelial growth and antibacterial activity of Lentinula edodes and Fomitopsis betulina in liquid static culture. The antibacterial activity of mycelium and culture liquid were assayed against the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the disk diffusion method. The optimum incubation period of mycelial growth for both species and their antibacterial activity was 14 days. The biomass of the studied species was the largest at temperatures of 26–28 °C. The highest mycelium production was recorded at pH 3.5–4.0, whereas the strongest antibacterial activity was observed at pH 5.5. Of the carbon sources tested, the highest mycelium productivity of L. edodes was recorded for glucose, followed by cellulose. Cellulose was found to be the optimal carbon source for the highest antibacterial activity of L. edodes. Cellulose was also the optimal carbon source for mycelial growth in F. betulina, but the highest antibacterial activity was achieved with added galactose. For both fungal species, asparagine was found to be the nitrogen source producing a maximum biomass, whereas the highest antibacterial activity of L. edodes and F. betulina was noticed after adding ammonium nitrate and peptone, respectively. The antibacterial potential of culture liquids appeared to be higher in the studied species when compared to their mycelium. Establishing optimum cultivation conditions will allow for obtaining maximum productivity of mycelium and culture liquids with the highest antibacterial activity.
An Econophysics Study of the S&P Global Clean Energy Index

The study of how financial markets behave continues to be interesting. The existence of more and more data and the development of statistical techniques are some reasons for the increase in research in finance. However, the difficulty in understanding some markets’ behavior is a continuous challenge. In this context, a new research area called Econophysics has emerged, which is constantly increasing in size. We propose in this work to use methodologies related to Econophysics to analyze one stock index composed of firms producing clean energy (S&P Global Clean Energy Index) and compare it with the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as a stock market benchmark and with the price of crude oil. In a context where environmental issues are on the agenda, this is an important area of research, because it could help investors to make their decisions. Our results show that the clean energy index seems to have higher time serial dependence than the others, and is less exposed to oil price than the NYSE.
Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of the Relationship between Economic Freedom and Tourism

This paper explores the dynamic relationship between economic freedom and tourism industry. In addition, the impact of economic growth is controlled in the extended model. Balanced panel data are collected for 100 countries over the period 2002-2015. The methodology includes panel data econometrics. Therefore, models are initially estimated using fixed and random effects models. Moreover, models are estimated using linear dynamic panel data estimators based on GMM framework. The results of linear static panel data estimators indicate a significant positive impact of economic freedom on tourism in both, initial and extended model. Stronger impact is reported in initial model. Dynamic panel data models confirm these results with the stronger impact reported in extended model. Given the importance of tourism industry, this paper suggests that governments should do necessary changes to foster the economic freedom since it is found to be an important factor to attract the foreign tourists.
Open versus Closed Kinetic Chain Rehabilitation of the Lower Extremity: A Functional and Biomechanical Analysis

Closed kinetic chain and functional rehabilitation have lately received increased attention in the rehabilitation community. The purpose of this paper is to review biomechanical considerations applicable to the lower extremity, in a way that clearly justifies the use of functionally sound rehabilitation exercises. The origin of the kinetic chain concept is reviewed, and the differences in biomechanical events in the foot, ankle, and knee under open versus closed chain conditions are described. An analysis of these biomechanical events supports the notion that function results from the integration of muscles and joints to achieve desired outcomes. This leads to the conclusion that rehabilitation exercises, in order to be functional, must demand integration of muscular activity, must be of a closed kinetic chain nature, and must challenge the utilization of normal proprioceptive mechanisms. Guidelines for the practical application of these principles are clearly outlined, and examples of functional activiti.
Husbandry Practices and Outbreak Features of Natural Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Turkey Flocks in Nigeria 2006-2008

Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M. B 1, Vom, Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria *Corresponding author`s Email: Olatunde_akanbi@yahoo.co.uk Received: 06 Oct. 2015 Accepted: 11 Nov. 2015 ABSTRACT The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in Nigeria that occurred during 2006-2008, affected 80 farms that kept subsistence indigenous chicken, duck, turkey, guinea fowl and geese in 15 states of the country including the capital, Abuja resulting in a total loss of more than 14,000 birds in backyard, semi-intensive or free-ranged flocks. The rearing of rural poultry in free-range, multispecies, multiage holdings that have low biosecurity levels have shown to expose them to many contact risks. In order to sustain turkey production in the country in view of the ongoing resurgent HPAI outbreaks, it is necessary to assess the impact of HPAI on this species and to evaluate the husbandry and outbreak features of affected flocks. Spatial data confirmed the presence of HPAI virus in both domestic and commercial poultry farms from 25 States and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria were added to a Geographical Information System (GIS) using ESRI ArcGIS 10.3 (ESRI®, USA) and QGIS 2.8. 2 Desktop (OSGeo) and visualized using QGIS. Post mortem examinations of submitted carcasses were carried out and swabs and tissues were analyzed by virus isolation (VI) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HPAI in turkey flocks were mostly in northern part of the country where most poultry mainly subsistence are domiciled and are more in the densely cities of the north. The poultry management systems employed by the subsistence turkey farmers were mainly semi-intensive backyard and free-ranged system of poultry. HPA
Optimization and Application for Hydraulic Electric Hybrid Vehicle

Targeting the application of medium and heavy vehicles, a hydraulic electric hybrid vehicle (HEHV) was designed, and its energy management control strategy is discussed in this paper. Matlab/Simulink was applied to establish the pure electric vehicle and HEHV models, and backward simulation was adopted for the simulation, to get the variation of torque and battery state of charge (SOC) through New York City Cycle of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA NYCC). Based on the simulation, the energy management strategy was designed. In this research, the rule-based control strategy was implemented as the energy distribution management strategy first, and then the genetic algorithm was utilized to conduct global optimization strategy analysis. The results from the genetic algorithm were employed to modify the rule-based control strategy to improve the electricity economic performance of the vehicle. The simulation results show that the electricity economic performance of the designed hydraulic hybrid vehicle was improved by 36.51% compared to that of a pure electric vehicle. The performance of energy consumption after genetic algorithm optimization was improved by 43.65%.
Teacher-student relationship and mathematical problem-solving ability: mediating roles of self-efficacy and mathematical anxiety

Abstract This study investigated the mediating roles of self-efficacy and anxiety on the effects of teacher–student relationship on mathematical problem-solving ability. A total of 1667 fifth graders from central China participated in the large-scale survey. The findings indicated that (1) teacher–student relationship had a direct and positive effect on students’ mathematical problem-solving ability; (2) the positive link between teacher–student relationship and mathematical problem-solving ability was partially mediated through self-efficacy; (3) the teacher–student relationship affected students’ mathematical problem-solving ability through self-efficacy and maths anxiety, but the effect of self-efficacy on mathematical anxiety was smaller. Implications for the importance of teacher–student relationships in education as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Prefrontal Responses during Proactive and Reactive Inhibition Are Differentially Impacted by Stress in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

Binge eating is a distressing, transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom associated with impulsivity, particularly in negative mood states. Neuroimaging studies of bulimia nervosa (BN) report reduced activity in frontostriatal regions implicated in self-regulatory control, and an influential theory posits that binge eating results from self-regulation failures under stress. However, there is no direct evidence that psychological stress impairs self-regulation in binge-eating disorders, or that any such self-regulatory deficits generalize to binge eating in underweight individuals (i.e., anorexia nervosa bingeing/purging subtype; AN-BP). We therefore determined the effect of acute stress on inhibitory control in 85 women (BN, 33 women; AN-BP, 22 women; 30 control participants). Participants underwent repeated functional MRI scanning during performance of the Stop-signal anticipation task, a validated measure of proactive (i.e., anticipation of stopping) and reactive (outright stopping) inhibition. Neural and behavioral responses to induced stress and a control task were evaluated on 2 consecutive days. Women with BN had reduced proactive inhibition, while prefrontal responses were increased in both AN-BP and BN. Reactive inhibition was neurally and behaviorally intact in both diagnostic groups. Both AN-BP and BN groups showed distinct stress-induced changes in inferior and superior frontal activity during both proactive and reactive inhibition. However, task performance was unaffected by stress. These results offer novel evidence of reduced proactive inhibition in BN, yet inhibitory control deficits did not generalize to AN-BP. Our findings identify intriguing alterations of stress responses and inhibitory function associated with binge eating, but they counsel against stress-induced failures of inhibitory control as a comprehensive explanation for loss-of-control eating. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Binge eating is a common psychiatric syndrome that feels uncontrollable to the sufferer. Theoretically, it has been related to reduced self-regulation under stress, but there remains no direct evidence for this link in binge-eating disorders. Here, we examined how experimentally induced stress affected response inhibition in control participants and women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Participants underwent repeated brain scanning under stressful and neutral conditions. Although patient groups had intact action cancellation, the slowing of motor responses was impaired in bulimia nervosa, even when the likelihood of having to stop increased. Stress altered brain responses for both forms of inhibition in both groups, yet performance remained unimpaired. These findings counsel against a simple model of stress-induced disinhibition as an adequate explanation for binge eating.
THE USE OF INSTAGRAM FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT

Social media could facilitate users to communicate and share the information with other people. Instagram is one of the popular social media to communicate with others by sharing a photos, videos or direct message. This popularity of Instagram can make it a potential media to develop English skills. English language skill is the ability to communicate to understand and produce the information delivered in English. This research focuses on examining the roles of Instagram and students’ activities in using Instagram to develop their English language skills. This research applied descriptive qualitative to investigate roles of Instagram in developing students’ English language skills and students’ activities in using Instagram to develop their English skills. The data was collected by interviewing four students of a Private University from batch 2015. The English Language Education Department students of batch 2015 had the most experience in developing English language skills. The findings of this research include four advantages of Instagram to develop students' English skills. The advantages of Instagram are to develop students’ listening skill, speaking skill, reading skill, and writing skill. Furthermore, this research found five activities in using Instagram that can develop students' English skills. These activities were included joining online quizzes; watching English videos; reading English captions; writing English captions; making English video or Instastory, and commenting posts on Instagram