Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Local Power Through Microhistory: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of Early Modern Husbandry Practices in Casaio and Lardeira (Ourense, Spain)

Following the proposal for the special issue, the aim of this study is to reflect on the potentialities and setbacks of a micro-historical approach to the archaeological record. This will be done by analysing the local organization of Early Modern husbandry in a territory in northwestern Iberia, where investigations have been carried out since 2017. I will apply the theoretical background of microhistory to four specific archaeological sites to delve into the social structuring and power relationships among the different agents involved in stockbreeding in the territory. In this regard, I will argue that one of the most compelling contributions of microhistory is to delve into the deep connection between the systemic and the quotidian, between structure and agency. However, this connection is not always straightforward and visible in the sources, and thus a deep theoretical and methodological background becomes necessary to understand questions such as how power was conceived and articulated at the local level and in daily life.
Evaluating the Performance of Federated Learning Across Different Training Sample Distributions

This research investigates how the distribution of samples impacts the performance of federated learning. By simulating datasets with independent identical distribution (IID) and nonindependent identical distribution (non-IID), and varying the number of collaborating units, we observe how differences in training sample distribution affect the effectiveness of federated learning. Specifically, we discuss the special situation of nonintersecting classes in the case of non-independent identical distribution. Using deep learning methods with both pretrained and trained-from-scratch models, this study comprehensively discusses the impact of the number and distribution of units and evaluates the results of joint training based on Top-1 and Top-5 accuracy. Experimental results show that the initial weight setting of joint training has a critical impact. Random weights lead to unstable model performance, while weights set based on the same criteria yield stable and more accurate results. Additionally, model performance varies depending on characteristics of data distribution. The performance of federated-learning model trained with independent identical distribution samples is the best, followed by imbalanced distribution in non-independent identical distribution, while non-intersecting class allocation is the least ideal.
A new multi-faceted framework for deciphering diplodocid ontogeny

Determining maturity in sauropod dinosaurs histologically is problematic as rapid growth leads to remodeling of Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs). Although a complimentary system has been devised utilizing several factors including relative amounts of remodeling (Histologic Ontogenetic Stage [HOS]), most assessments of sauropod maturity are based on morphologic indicators. To better assess skeletal maturity and morphologic change through ontogeny, we examined cranial and postcranial material from over 20 diplodocid individuals (Apatosaurus and Diplodocus) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. Here we describe consistent combinations of morphologic and histologic features that can be used to ascertain maturity. Small diplodocids (femoral lengths ≤120 cm) display nonto weakly bifurcated cervical and dorsal neural spines, acamerate to camerate centra, two to six preserved LAGs in dorsal ribs, and a maximum femoral designation of HOS 7. Larger individuals (femoral length ~125 cm) have more developed internal pneumatic structures, greater neural spine bifurcation, preserve up to eight LAGs, and a femoral designation of HOS 9. In contrast, skeletally mature sauropods (femoral lengths >150 cm) have complex pneumatic structures, extended neural spine bifurcation (also within anterior caudals), and a femoral HOS between 11-13. Further, all of the preserved small diplodocid skulls exhibit a postparietal foramen (previously suggested to be an apomorphy of Dicraeosauridae), which is absent in large skulls (where preserved), suggesting that it is an ontogenetic character. These findings support the hypothesis of significant ontogenetic morphological change in diplodocid sauropods and suggest caution when describing new taxa on the basis of small-bodied holotypes. D. Cary Woodruff. Royal Ontario Museum; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Great Plains Dinosaur Museum and Field Station, Malta, MT, United States of America. sauropod4@gmail.com Denver W. Fowler. Dickinson Museum Center, Dickinson, ND, United States of America. df9465@hotmail.com John R. Horner. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America. johnrhorner@mac.com Woodruff, D. Cary, Fowler, Denver W. , and Horner, John R. 2017. A new multi-faceted framework for deciphering diplodocid ontogeny. Palaeontologia Electronica 20.3. 43A: 1-53 palaeo-electronica.org/content/2017/1918-deciphering-diplodocid-growth Copyright: September 2017 Palaeontology Association. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits users to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, provided it is not used for commercial purposes and the original author and source are credited, with indications if any changes are made. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ WOODRUFF, FOWLER, & HORNER: DECIPHERING DIPLODOCID GROWTH
Understanding Spatial Pattern Cognition from Tactile Maps and Graphics

This article explores the cognitive dimensions of spatial pattern identification in people who are blind or low vision using tactile graphics. We contend that spatial pattern identification is critical to the construction of an informative and rich environmental image, and insight into these cognitive skills can inform current practices in tactile map production and accessible cartography. This research investigates individual spatial thinking skills hypothesized to be components of spatial pattern identification. The findings suggest that Cartesian proximity and object differentiation are vital cognitive skills of spatial pattern identification and could potentially be exploited to communicate complex environmental knowledge in tactile reference maps. The relationship between prior map-reading training and test performance indicates a critical need for an increased presence of tactile cartographies and highlights future research opportunities.L’article explore les dimensions cognitives de la reconnaissance des formes à l’aide de graphiques tactiles chez les personnes aveugles ou malvoyantes. Nous avançons que la reconnaissance des formes est essentielle à la construction d’une image riche et informative de l’environnement, et que l’étude des habiletés cognitives nécessaires permettra d’éclairer les méthodes de production de cartes tactiles et de cartes d’accessibilité. Nos recherches portent sur les capacités individuelles de raisonnement spatial que l’on croit ệtre à la base de la reconnaissance des formes. Les résultats laissent croire que la proximité et la différenciation des objets sont des habiletés cognitives essentielles à la reconnaissance des formes et pourraient permettre d’acquérir des connaissances complexes sur l’environnement grâce à des cartes tactiles. La relation entre une formation antérieure à la lecture de cartes et les résultats aux tests montre la nécessité d’une utilisation accrue des cartes tactiles et met en lumiére des avenues de recherche potentielles.
Advancements in Genetic Marker Exploration for Livestock Vertebral Traits with a Focus on China

Simple Summary In the context of increasing global meat consumption, the meat production industry is facing significant challenges as it strives to enhance attributes related to livestock and meat quality. This is of paramount importance. Vertebral traits are among the factors influencing the overall body size and carcass weight of animals, with profound implications for both meat quality and quantity. This issue is particularly prominent in the livestock breeding sector, especially in China, where the augmentation of body size traits has become a central objective due to its consequential impact on carcass quality. Vertebral traits in livestock are complex, polygenic characteristics, and numerous genetic markers and pathways associated with vertebral development, size, and length have already been identified. This review article emphasizes the significant genes linked to vertebral traits in animals such as pigs, sheep, and donkeys based on the existing literature. It further underscores the importance of exploring deeper into molecular mechanisms to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between vertebral traits and genes, facilitating their effective utilization in successful breeding programs. Abstract In livestock breeding, the number of vertebrae has gained significant attention due to its impact on carcass quality and quantity. Variations in vertebral traits have been observed across different animal species and breeds, with a strong correlation to growth and meat production. Furthermore, vertebral traits are classified as quantitative characteristics. Molecular marker techniques, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), have emerged as efficient tools to identify genetic markers associated with vertebral traits. In the current review, we highlight some key potential genes and their polymorphisms that play pivotal roles in controlling vertebral traits (development, length, and number) in various livestock species, including pigs, donkeys, and sheep. Specific genetic variants within these genes have been linked to vertebral development, number, and length, offering valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms governing vertebral traits. This knowledge has significant implications for selective breeding strategies to enhance structural characteristics and meat quantity and quality in livestock, ultimately improving the efficiency and quality of the animal husbandry industry.
Performance Analysis of Virtual-Real Synchronization in Digital Twin Network: Trade-Offs Between Timeliness, Distortion, and Sustainability

A great challenge for digital twin network (DTN) is status synchronization between the physical entity and corresponding digital twin, which is referred to as virtual-real synchronization. In this paper, the virtual-real synchronization performance in DTN is comprehensively investigated from the perspective of timeliness, distortion, and sustainability, respectively, where the synchronization timeliness and sustainability are characterized by the age of information and energy consumption, respectively. The closed-form expressions of the synchronization timeliness, distortion and sustainability are derived. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis and reveal the trade-offs among synchronization timeliness, distortion and sustainability.
The Influence of Long-Term Storage on the Epiphytic Microbiome of Postharvest Apples and on Penicillium expansum Occurrence and Patulin Accumulation

Patulin is a secondary metabolite primarily synthesized by the fungus Penicillium expansum, which is responsible for blue mold disease on apples. The latter are highly susceptible to fungal infection in the postharvest stages. Apples destined to produce compotes are processed throughout the year, which implies that long periods of storage are required under controlled atmospheres. P. expansum is capable of infecting apples throughout the whole process, and patulin can be detected in the end-product. In the present study, 455 apples (organically and conventionally grown), destined to produce compotes, of the variety “Golden Delicious” were sampled at multiple postharvest steps. The apple samples were analyzed for their patulin content and P. expansum was quantified using real-time PCR. The patulin results showed no significant differences between the two cultivation techniques; however, two critical control points were identified: the long-term storage and the deck storage of apples at ambient temperature before transport. Additionally, alterations in the epiphytic microbiota of both fungi and bacteria throughout various steps were investigated through the application of a metabarcoding approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis highlighted the effect of long-term storage, causing an increase in the bacterial and fungal diversity on apples, and showed significant differences in the microbial communities during the different postharvest steps. The different network analyses demonstrated intra-species relationships. Multiple pairs of fungal and bacterial competitive relationships were observed. Positive interactions were also observed between P. expansum and multiple fungal and bacterial species. These network analyses provide a basis for further fungal and bacterial interaction analyses for fruit disease biocontrol.
New Insights into Ice Age and Post-Industrial Marine Carbonate System Dynamics Inferred from the Geochemistry of Benthic Foraminifera and a Scleractinian Coral

New insights into Ice Age and Post-Industrial marine carbonate system dynamics inferred from the geochemistry of benthic foraminifera and a scleractinian coral Thesis directed by Professor Thomas M. Marchitto, Jr. Paleoceanographic reconstructions and modern field studies of the response of marine calcifying organisms to their environment using elemental ratios are crucially dependent upon better understanding of biologically mediated fractionation. In particular, the hydrographic parameter calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation state (ΔCO32-) has been shown to affect biomineralization. Therefore robust empirical relationships between measurements and known seawater influences must be exactingly calibrated and supported by inclusive mechanistic explanations in order to understand past environments and also to predict future behavior. To this end, my three-part dissertation focuses on understanding and applying trace and minor element proxies in calcite and aragonite precipitated in tropical deep (by benthic foraminifera) and surface (by scleractinian coral) waters. The influence of low latitude ocean primary productivity on Ice Age atmospheric CO2 levels has proven challenging to reconstruct using mass accumulation rates of biogenic particulates in deep sea sediment cores. Benthic foraminiferal boron/calcium ratios (B/Ca) serve as a proxy for past seawater ΔCO32-, and thereby provide a fresh perspective on this outstanding paleoceanographic
Relationship between Upper Limb Functional Assessment and Clinical Tests of Shoulder Mobility and Posture in Individuals Participating in Recreational Strength Training

Background: The upper limb is crucial for functioning in everyday life, thus comprehensive assessment is crucial for physically active people to monitor the effect of exercise and prevent injuries. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between upper limb function, shoulder mobility, and posture in individuals who participate in recreational strength training. Methods: Thirty-four subjects who engaged in strength training of the upper limbs were divided into two groups: Group 1 (exercise < 3 years) and Group 2 (exercise ≥ 3 years). Lateral scapular slide tests, head and clavicle posture evaluations, and shoulder mobility and closed kinetic chain tests were performed. Results: Group 1 had a greater flexion deficit in both shoulders than Group 2. There was greater external rotation in the non-dominant shoulder and a greater score of the closed kinetic chain test in Group 2 compared to Group 1. There were no statistically significant differences between groups regarding scapula, clavicle, and head posture. The closed kinetic chain test was correlated with a scapula position and symmetry in shoulder flexion in Group 2. Conclusions: Long-term strength training of the upper limbs can be recommended to improve functional abilities in the closed kinetic chain, increase shoulder mobility, and reduce asymmetry.
Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Kualitas Produk terhadap Minat Beli Ulang Produk Skincare Ms Glow di Singaraja

Penelitian ini menyasar guna meneliti imbas citra merek dan kualitas produk pada minat beli ulang, baik dengan simultan maupun parsial. Riset ini didesain dengan kuantitatif kausal yang mana subjeknya yakni masyarakat di kota Singaraja dengan umur 17-45 tahun, yang pernah mengaplikasikan dan membeli produk skincare Ms Glow. Objek riset ini yakni citra merek, kualitas produk dan minat beli ulang. Penentuan sampel dalam riset ini mengaplikasikan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diaplikasikan yakni 90 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang diaplikasikan dalam riset ini yakni kuesioner dan berikutnya data dianalisis dengan mengaplikasikan analisis regresi linier berganda. impak dari riset ini yakni (1) citra merek berimbas positif dan bermakna pada minat beli ulang, (2) kualitas produk berimbas positif dan bermakna pada minat beli ulang, (3) citra merek dan kualitas produk berimbas bermakna pada minat beli ulang.
The Role of Concussion History and Biological Sex on Pupillary Light Reflex Metrics in Adolescent Rugby Players: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Concussion examination is based primarily on clinical evaluation and symptomatic reporting. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) metrics may provide an objective physiological marker to inform concussion diagnosis and recovery, but few studies have assessed PLR, and normative data are lacking, particularly for adolescents. Aim: To capture PLR data in adolescent rugby players and examine the effects of concussion history and biological sex. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Male and female adolescent rugby union players aged 16 to 18 years were recruited at the start of the 2022–2023 playing season. PLR was recorded using a handheld pupillometer which provided seven different metrics relating to pupil diameter, constriction/dilation latency, and velocity. Data were analysed using a series of 2 × 2 ANOVAs to examine the main effects of independent variables: biological sex, concussion history, and their interactions, using adjusted p-values (p < 0.05). Results: 149 participants (75% male) were included. A total of 42% reported at least one previous concussion. Most metrics were unaffected by the independent variables. There were however significant main effects for concussion history (F = 4.11 (1); p = 0.05) and sex (F = 5.42 (1); p = 0.02) in end pupil diameters, and a main effect for sex in initial pupil diameters (F = 4.45 (1); p = 0.04). Although no significant interaction effects were found, on average, females with a concussion history presented with greater pupillary diameters and velocity metrics, with many pairwise comparisons showing large effects (SMD > 0.8). Conclusions: Pupillary diameters in adolescent athletes were significantly affected by concussion history and sex. The most extreme PLR metrics were recorded in females with a history of concussion (higher pupillary diameters and velocities). This highlights the importance of establishing baseline PLR metrics prior to interpretation of the PLR post-concussion. Long-standing PLR abnormalities post-concussion may reflect ongoing autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This warrants further investigation in longitudinal studies.
Bias in phylogenetic measurements of extinction and a case study of end‐Permian tetrapods

Extinction risk in the modern world and extinction in the geological past are often linked to aspects of life history or other facets of biology that are phylogenetically conserved within clades. These links can result in phylogenetic clustering of extinction, a measurement comparable across different clades and time periods that can be made in the absence of detailed trait data. This phylogenetic approach is particularly suitable for vertebrate taxa, which often have fragmentary fossil records, but robust, cladistically‐inferred trees. Here we use simulations to investigate the adequacy of measures of phylogenetic clustering of extinction when applied to phylogenies of fossil taxa while assuming a Brownian motion model of trait evolution. We characterize expected biases under a variety of evolutionary and analytical scenarios. Recovery of accurate estimates of extinction clustering depends heavily on the sampling rate, and results can be highly variable across topologies. Clustering is often underestimated at low sampling rates, whereas at high sampling rates it is always overestimated. Sampling rate dictates which cladogram timescaling method will produce the most accurate results, as well as how much of a bias ancestor–descendant pairs introduce. We illustrate this approach by applying two phylogenetic metrics of extinction clustering (Fritz and Purvis's D and Moran's I) to three tetrapod clades across an interval including the Permo‐Triassic mass extinction event. These groups consistently show phylogenetic clustering of extinction, unrelated to change in other quantitative metrics such as taxonomic diversity or extinction intensity.
An investigation of public transport users' willingness to select routes with transfers

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Prevalence of Mendelian kidney disease among patients with high-risk APOL1 genotypes undergoing commercial genetic testing in the United States

Background: Among individuals with high-risk APOL1 genotypes, the lifetime risk of developing kidney failure is ~15%, indicating that other genetic variants or non-genetic modifiers likely contribute substantially to an individual patient's risk of progressive kidney disease. Here we estimate the prevalence and distribution of molecularly diagnosed Mendelian kidney diseases among patients with high-risk APOL1 genotypes undergoing commercial genetic testing in the United States. Methods: We analyzed clinical exome sequencing data from 15,181 individuals undergoing commercial genetic testing for Mendelian kidney disease in the United States from 2020-2021. We identified patients with high-risk APOL1 genotypes by the presence of G1/G1, G1/G2, or G2/G2 alleles. Patients carrying single risk APOL1 alleles were identified as G1/G0, G2/G0; the remainder of patients were G0/G0. We estimated the prevalence and distribution of molecularly diagnosed Mendelian kidney disease stratified by APOL1 genotype. Results: Of 15181 patients, 3119 had genetic testing results consistent with a molecular diagnosis of Mendelian kidney disease (20.5%). 1035 (6.8%) had high-risk APOL1 genotypes. The prevalence of molecularly diagnosed Mendelian kidney diseases was lower in individuals with high-risk APOL1 genotypes (9.2%; n=95/1035) compared to single risk APOL1 allele carriers (14.4%; n=243/1687) and those with G0/G0 APOL1 genotypes (22.3%; n=2781/12459). The distribution of molecularly diagnosed Mendelian kidney diseases was broadly similar among patients with and without high-risk APOL1 genotypes. Conclusions: Among patients undergoing clinical genetic testing, we found a relatively high rate of molecularly diagnosed Mendelian kidney disease in patients with high-risk APOL1 genotypes. Mendelian kidney disease may contribute to wide variation in rates of progression observed among patients with high-risk APOL1 genotypes.