Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern formation and travelling waves in a multiphase moving boundary model of tumour growth

We analyse a multiphase, moving boundary model that describes solid tumour growth. We consider the evolution of a motile, viscous cell phase and an inviscid extracellular liquid phase. The model comprises two partial differential equations that govern the cell volume fraction and the cell velocity, together with a moving boundary condition for the tumour edge. Numerical simulations of the model indicate that patterned solutions can be obtained, which correspond to multiple regions of high cell density separated by regions of low cell density. In other parameter regimes, solutions of the model can develop into a forward- or backward-moving travelling wave, corresponding to tumour growth or extinction, respectively. A travelling-wave analysis allows us to find the corresponding wave speed, as well as criteria for the growth or extinction of the tumour. Furthermore, a stability analysis of these travelling-wave solutions provides us with criteria for the occurrence of patterned solutions. Finally, we discuss how the initial cell distribution, as well as parameters related to cellular motion and cell-liquid drag, control the qualitative features of patterned solutions.
High-precision calibration of interferometric data through the removal of fixed-pattern residuals

We demonstrate a new calibration technique that can be applied to multi-spectral interferometric observations. The technique measures a fixed-pattern in squared visibility measurements across the spectral channels of each baseline. Because the fixed-pattern appears to be stable on time scales longer than one night, nightly or weekly averages can be calculated based on observations of calibrator stars. The averaged fixed-pattern values can then be removed from data of target stars. We demonstrate the performance of the calibration technique on actual observations obtained with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer and show that the fixed-pattern effects can be suppressed by up to an order of magnitude.
Interactions between circuit architecture and plasticity in a closed-loop system

Determining the sites of plasticity underlying changes in neural activity and behavior is critical for understanding mechanisms of learning. Identifying such sites from neural recording data can be challenging due to feedback pathways that impede reasoning about cause and effect. We studied interactions between feedback, neural activity, and plasticity in the context of a closed-loop motor learning task for which there is disagreement about the loci and directions of plasticity. We constructed a set of models that differed in the strength of their recurrent feedback. Despite these differences, each model successfully fit a large set of neural and behavioral data. However, the patterns of plasticity predicted by the models fundamentally differed, with the sign of plasticity at a key site changing from depression to potentiation as feedback strength increased. Guided by our analysis, we suggest how such models can be experimentally disambiguated. Our results address a long-standing debate regarding cerebellum-dependent motor learning and demonstrate how learning-related changes in neural activity can appear to contradict the sign of the underlying plasticity when feedback is present.
The Intracellular Amastigote of Trypanosoma cruzi Maintains an Actively Beating Flagellum

Understanding the interplay between intracellular pathogens and their hosts is vital to the development of new treatments and preventive strategies. The intracellular “amastigote” stage of the Chagas disease parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a critical but understudied parasitic life stage. ABSTRACT Throughout its complex life cycle, the uniflagellate parasitic protist, Trypanosoma cruzi, adapts to different host environments by transitioning between elongated motile extracellular stages and a nonmotile intracellular amastigote stage that replicates in the cytoplasm of mammalian host cells. Intracellular T. cruzi amastigotes retain a short flagellum that extends beyond the opening of the flagellar pocket with access to the extracellular milieu. Contrary to the long-held view that the T. cruzi amastigote flagellum is inert, we report that this organelle is motile and displays quasiperiodic beating inside mammalian host cells. Kymograph analysis determined an average flagellar beat frequency of ~0.7 Hz for intracellular amastigotes and similar beat frequencies for extracellular amastigotes following their isolation from host cells. Inhibitor studies reveal that flagellar motility in T. cruzi amastigotes is critically dependent on parasite mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. These novel observations reveal that flagellar motility is an intrinsic property of T. cruzi amastigotes and suggest that this organelle may play an active role in the parasite infection process. IMPORTANCE Understanding the interplay between intracellular pathogens and their hosts is vital to the development of new treatments and preventive strategies. The intracellular “amastigote” stage of the Chagas disease parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a critical but understudied parasitic life stage. Previous work established that cytosolically localized T. cruzi amastigotes engage physically and selectively with host mitochondria using their short, single flagellum. The current study was initiated to examine the dynamics of the parasite flagellum-host mitochondrial interaction through live confocal imaging and led to the unexpected discovery that the T. cruzi amastigote flagellum is motile.
The need for ecologically realistic studies on the health effects of microplastics

Plastic pollution is now so widespread that microplastics are consistently detected in every biological sample surveyed for their presence. Despite their pervasiveness, very little is known about the effects of microplastics on the health of terrestrial species. While emerging studies are showing that microplastics represent a potentially serious threat to animal health, data have been limited to in vivo studies on laboratory rodents that were force fed plastics. The extent to which these studies are representative of the conditions that animals and humans might actually experience in the real world is largely unknown. Here, we review the peer-reviewed literature in order to understand how the concentrations and types of microplastics being administered in lab studies compare to those found in terrestrial soils. We found that lab studies have heretofore fed rodents microplastics at concentrations that were hundreds of thousands of times greater than they would be exposed to in nature. Furthermore, health effects have been studied for only 10% of the microplastic polymers that are known to occur in soils. The plastic pollution crisis is arguably one of the most pressing ecological and public health issues of our time, yet existing lab-based research on the health effects of terrestrial microplastics does not reflect the conditions that free-ranging animals are actually experiencing. Going forward, performing more true-to-life research will be of the utmost importance to understand the impacts of microplastics and maintain the public’s faith in the scientific process.
Supercharacter Theories and Semidirect Products

We describe the supercharacter theories of the semidirect product of H and K, $H\rtimes K$ in terms of the supercharacter theories of the direct product of H and K in the case when both H and K are Abelian groups. To do this we introduce the concept of a homomorphism of supercharacter theories. This provides a classification of the supercharacter theories of the dihedral groups of order 2m when m is odd using the known classification of the supercharacter theories of cyclic groups.
Velocity-resolved [Fe II] Line Spectroscopy of L1551 IRS 5: A Partially Ionized Wind under Collimation around an Ionized Fast Jet

We present a new [Fe II] λ1. 644 μm emission-line image of the L1551 IRS 5 jets and a velocity-resolved spectrum obtained with the Subaru Telescope. In the [Fe II] line image showing two separate jetlike features, a strong and spatially wide [Fe II] emission feature was found elongated along the northern jet at its base. The echelle spectrum taken along this feature shows two prominent velocity components together with underlying pedestal and wing emissions. The entire emission range is blueshifted with respect to the systemic velocity, which shows that the emission originates from an outflow. The high-velocity component (HVC) at VLSR = -300 km s-1, which has a corresponding Hα emission, consistently shows a narrow line width of ~40 km s-1 (deconvolved FWHM value). The low-velocity component (LVC) at VLSR = -100 km s-1, on the other hand, has no corresponding Hα feature and is located spatially closer to the IRS 5 VLA sources (IRS 5 VLA) than is the HVC. The LVC shows broad line widths of 130-160 km s-1 (FWHM) near IRS 5 VLA, while its line width decreases with increasing distance from it. We interpret from these characteristics that the HVC is a spatially narrow, well-collimated ionized stellar jet and that the LVC is a widely opened, partially ionized disk wind that is being collimated as it travels away from the origin. The inclination-corrected velocity of the HVC, 440 km s-1, may imply that the accreting protostar driving the jet is rotating at almost its breakup speed. The LVC has an inclination-corrected wind velocity of ~200 km s-1, suggesting that it is accelerated at the region where the accretion disk is interacting with the stellar magnetic field. The pedestal and red wing features may represent the LVC gas entrained and accelerated by the HVC. It is possible that the two apparently parallel jetlike features seen more than 6'' away from the IRS 5 VLA sources are the brightened edges of the partially ionized wind.
Electronic properties of two-dimensional hexagonal germanium

The electronic properties of two-dimensional hexagonal germanium, so called germanene, are investigated using first-principles simulations. Consistent with previous reports, the surface is predicted to have a “poor” metallic behavior, i.e., being metallic with a low density of states at the Fermi level. It is found that biaxial compressively strained germanene is a gapless semiconductor with linear energy dispersions near the K points—like graphene. The calculated Fermi velocity of germanene is almost independent of the strain and is about 1.7×106 m/s, quite comparable to the value in graphene.
A Singular Boundary Value Problem for Uniformly Elliptic Operators

Abstract Strong solvability in the Sobolev space W 2, p (Ω) is proved for the oblique derivative problem ∑ j , i = 1 n a ij (x)D ij u = f(x) almost every where in Ω, ∂u/∂l + σ(x)u = ϕ(x) in the trace sense on ∂Ω in the case when the vector field l( x ) has a contact of infinite order with ∂Ω at the points of some non-empty subset E ⊂ ∂Ω.
Towards best practices in research Role of academic core facilities

D uring the past decade, the scientific community and outside observers have noted a concerning lack of rigor and transparency in preclinical research that led to talk of a “reproducibility crisis” in the life sciences (Baker, 2016; Bespalov & Steckler, 2018; Heddleston et al, 2021). Various measures have been proposed to address the problem: from better training of scientists to more oversight to expanded publishing practices such as preregistration of studies. The recently published EQIPD (Enhancing Quality in Preclinical Data) System is, to date, the largest initiative that aims to establish a systematic approach for increasing the robustness and reliability of biomedical research (Bespalov et al, 2021). However, promoting a cultural change in research practices warrants a broad adoption of the Quality System and its underlying philosophy. It is here that academic Core Facilities (CF), research service providers at universities and research institutions, can make a difference. It is fair to assume that a significant fraction of published data originated from experiments that were designed, run, or analyzed in CFs. These academic services play an important role in the research ecosystem by offering access to cutting-edge equipment and by developing and testing novel techniques and methods that impact research in the academic and private sectors alike (Bikovski et al, 2020). Equipment and infrastructure are not the only value: CFs employ competent personnel with profound knowledge and practical experience of the specific field of interest: animal behavior, imaging, crystallography, genomics, and so on. Thus, CFs are optimally positioned to address concerns about the quality and robustness of preclinical research.
Medicaid Expansion: Changes in Individual Health Outcomes

The Affordable Care Act is one of the biggest changes in the American healthcare system in the 21st century. One element of the ACA is medicaid expansion, which opened up federal funding for states to cover any individual earning below 138% of the federal poverty line. 21 states expanded medicaid in 2014 while 12 haven’t expanded. This paper utilizes the disparity for a natural experiment to determine the efficacy of the program. Outcome variables of interest include measurements of individual health, health access and utilization, and premature death rates. The results indicate positive, but small improvements due to the policy, with the only statistically significant results being two measurements of individual health.
Synchrotron X-ray Imaging of Directed Energy Deposition 1 Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloy Ti-6242 2

15 Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing (DED-AM) is transformative for the 16 production of larger, geometrically complex metallic components. However, the mechanical 17 properties of titanium alloy DED-AM components do not always reach their full potential due 18 to microstructural features including porosity and regions of lack of fusion. Using in situ and 19 operando synchrotron X-ray imaging we gain insights into key laser-matter interaction and 20 microstructural feature formation mechanisms during DED-AM of Ti-6242. Analysis of the 21 process conditions reveals that laser power is dominant for build efficiency while higher 22 traverse speed can effectively reduce lack of fusion regions. We also elucidate the 23 mechanisms underlying several physical phenomena occurring during the deposition of 24 titanium alloys, including the formation of a saddle-shaped melt pool and pore pushing. The 25 findings of this work clarify the transient kinetics behind the DED-AM of titanium alloys and 26 can be used as a guide for optimising industrial additive manufacturing processes. 27 Ti6242 and to gain an increased understanding 74 of gas pore formation and dynamics. The results presented in this work enhance our 75 fundamental understanding of DED-AM processing.
A Visualization Tool for Global Wastewater Treatment Plants

from industrial chemicals has become a rapidly pressing concern for the global society. Pollutants arising from chemical agents can have significant, long-term deleterious effects on human water consumption, marine life, and climate change salvaging our water sources requires a massive effort on the part of environmental and economic policy [8]. One important facet in addressing the water pollution crisis is that of water purification. is coined as and the purifying process of removing the in wastewater is wastewater treatment Wastewater is a complex and ever-evolving process that may involve a number of steps involving the physical removal of solids, decompositions of minerals through chemical interactions, membrane to separate based on molecular [2, presently wastewater (WWTPs).
On the splitting-up method and stochastic partial differential equations

We consider two stochastic partial differential equations du_{\varepsilon}(t)= (L_ru_{\varepsilon}(t)+f_{r}(t)) \,dV_{\varepsilon t}^r+(M_{k}u_{\varepsilon}(t)+g_k(t))\, \circ dY_t^k, \qquad\hspace*{-5pt} \varepsilon=0,1, driven by the same multidimensional martingale Y=(Yk) and by different increasing processes Vr0, Vr1, r=1,2,…,d1, where Lr and Mk are second-and first-order partial differential operators and ∘ stands for the Stratonovich differential. We estimate the moments of the supremum in t of the Sobolev norms of u1(t)−u0(t) in terms of the supremum of the differences\break |Vr0t−Vr1t|. Hence, we obtain moment estimates for the error of a multistage splitting-up method for stochastic PDEs, in particular, for the equation of the unnormalized conditional density in nonlinear filtering.
Periodontal health Knowledge and attitudes among primary school teachers in Benghazi city Open Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health Periodontal health Knowledge and attitudes among primary school teachers in Benghazi city

Objectives: To assess periodontal health Knowledge and attitudes among primary school teachers. Methods : cross-sectional study of a random sample of one hundred and seventy seven primary school teachers (in 2022). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 25. The alpha value was 0.05. Results: A total of 177 primary school teachers filled in the questionnaires. 90% of the teachers were females. Overall, the majority of teachers knew that bad oral hygiene affects the gum health (99.4%). Only 22% knew that treatment of periodontal disease improves glycemic control. Teachers who have a higher level of education had better periodontal health knowledge79.8% and positive attitude 43.4 %. A statistically significant gradient was observed in high knowledge score and age, also between positive attitudes with age and education level of teachers. Conclusion: there is a need to improve periodontal health knowledge and attitude among school teachers and to learn proper preventive measures to decrease periodontal diseases through oral health education programs in schools.
Study of the Photoluminescent and the Electrical Properties of Nanostructured MEH-PPV/TiO2 Hybrid Films

Thin nanostructured TiO2 layers prepared by using a thermal treatment have been spin-coated and embedded in poly-[2-methoxy, 5-(2 -ethyl-hexyloxy) phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) lms. Scaning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that a nc-TiO2 layer grown at 700 C for 1.5 hour (PON2 sample) was very porous whereas nc-TiO2 layers grown at the same temperature for, respectively, 1 hour and 2 hours (PON1 and PON3 samples) were quite dense. Study of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of pure MEH-PPV and nanohybrid lms has shown that excitation with a 325-nm-wavelength laser leads to the largest enhancement in photoluminescent intensity, as observed in the PON2 sample and that excitation with a 470-nm-wavelength laser leads to the strongest uorescence quenching. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of laminarlayer devices with a structure of Ti/nc-TiO2/MEH-PPV/Al-Ag in comparison with those of Ti/MEH-PPV/AlAg showed that the turn-on voltage of the rst type of devices was as low as 4 V whereas for the second type, of the current going through the thin layer of MEH-PPV depended linearly on the voltage. Combining the I-V characteristics with the SEM and the PL results, the PON2 hybrid lm is seen to be a good candidate for photovoltaic solar cell applications whereas the PON1 and PON3 are suitable for organic light-emitting diodes.
Pro-p-Iwahori invariants for SL_2 and L-packets of Hecke modules

Let p be a prime number, and F a nonarchimedean local field of residual characteristic p. We explore the interaction between the pro-p-Iwahori-Hecke algebras of the group GL_n(F) and its derived subgroup SL_n(F). Using the interplay between these two algebras, we deduce two main results. The first is an equivalence of categories between Hecke modules in characteristic p over the pro-p-Iwahori-Hecke algebra of SL_2(Q_p) and smooth mod-p representations of SL_2(Q_p) generated by their pro-p-Iwahori-invariants. The second is a "numerical correspondence" between packets of supersingular Hecke modules in characteristic p over the pro-p-Iwahori-Hecke algebra of SL_n(F), and irreducible, n-dimensional projective Galois representations.
A spatio-temporal measure of spatial dependence : an example using real estate data

The computation of Moran's I index and his statistics test relies mainly on an exogenous specification of a spatial weights matrix. However, the exogenous weights matrix is usually developed in a strictly spatial context, even when data are collected over time. This paper develops a spatio-temporal weights matrix and uses the new definition to evaluate spatial dependence using Moran's I index applied to real estate data for Quebec City from 1986 to 1996. The results are compared with the original Moran's I index using a strictly spatial weights matrix specification based on Euclidian distance or contiguity. The findings suggest that ignoring the temporal dimension could lead to misinterpretation of the ‘real’ measure of spatial dependence over time. However, the time dimension cannot explain the total spatial autocorrelation since the Moran's I index is still significant even when adjusting for time consideration. The differences between the estimated indices and statistics depend on the structure of the spatial and the temporal weights matrices that are used to construct the complete spatio-temporal weights matrix.
Recombination spectrum and reddening in NGC 1068

Measurements of the emission-line intensities of NGC 1068 have been made over the wavelength range extending from λ_(rest) = 1216 A to 1.875 μm. The data, plus other available emission-line data, can be explained in terms of a simple model where the emission lines are formed in an H II region, and the line ratios are consistent with those predicted by standard radiative recombination theory and reddening corresponding to E_(B-v) = 0.4 mag. The continuum flux is seen to consist of a galaxy component plus a nonstellar component which dominates the observed flux in the ultraviolet. The observed ultraviolet continuum does not show an absorption dip caused by the interstellar 2200 A feature nor does it contain enough energy to power the observed infrared flux.
Level statistics and transition distributions of 30 P

Level statistics and reduced transition probability distributions have been analyzed over the region E{sub x}=0--8014keV in {sup 30}P and compared to previous results from {sup 26}Al. The level statistics in {sup 30}P show clear evidence of broken isospin symmetry and are very similar to those from {sup 26}Al. Transition distributions in the two nuclides are different, but both suggest that the broken symmetry also affects the transitions.
Microscopic many-body investigation of the efficiency droop in GaN based light emitting devices

Fully microscopic models for the calculation of the carrier dynamics and resulting optical response are used to investigate the validity of various models that have been suggested as the cause for the efficiency droop in GaN-based devices. Models based on internal piezoelectric electric fields, carrier localization, Auger and density-activated defect recombination are analysed. In particular, the models are used to simulate aspects of a recent experiment in which green emitting quantum wells were pumped resonantly and emission from adjacent ultra-violet emitting wells was attributed to carrier redistributions due to Auger processes. It is shown that the UV emission can be explained as a direct result of the optical excitation without involving Auger processes.