Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rod–Coil Block Copolymer: Fullerene Blend Water-Processable Nanoparticles: How Molecular Structure Addresses Morphology and Efficiency in NP-OPVs

The use of water-processable nanoparticles (WPNPs) is an emerging strategy for the processing of organic semiconducting materials into aqueous medium, dramatically reducing the use of chlorinated solvents and enabling the control of the nanomorphology in OPV active layers. We studied amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) with a different chemical structure and length of the hydrophilic coil blocks. Using the BCPs blended with a fullerene acceptor material, we fabricated NP-OPV devices with a sustainable approach. The goal of this work is to clarify how the morphology of the nanodomains of the two active materials is addressed by the hydrophilic coil molecular structures, and in turn how the design of the materials affects the device performances. Exploiting a peculiar application of TEM, EFTEM microscopy on WPNPs, with the contribution of AFM and spectroscopic techniques, we correlate the coil structure with the device performances, demonstrating the pivotal influence of the chemical design over material properties. BCP5, bearing a coil block of five repeating units of 4-vinilpyridine (4VP), leads to working devices with efficiency comparable to the solution-processed ones for the multiple PCBM-rich cores morphology displayed by the blend WPNPs. Otherwise, BCP2 and BCP15, with 2 and 15 repeating units of 4VP, respectively, show a single large PCBM-rich core; the insertion of styrene units into the coil block of BCP100 is detrimental for the device efficiency, even if it produces an intermixed structure.
FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REGENERATED AMERICAN CHESTNUT ON RECLAIMED MINE SITES 1

The use of SMCRA approved practices for mined land reclamation has resulted in arrested succession throughout many areas of central Appalachia. The combination of heavily compacted soils and the addition of aggressive, often non- native, grasses and forbs creates an environment characterized by high soil bulk density and aggressive ground-layer competition. This results in a situation where trees are unable to recruit and thus many lands are unable to return to original forest cover through natural processes of succession. Using the basic principles of the Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA), we report on two experiments conducted in Ohio: one designed to remediate a 30-yr arrested succession and the other designed to encourage immediate reforestation at the time of reclamation. We conducted these experiments using American chestnut (Castanea dentata) to explore the potential for using these sites as part of the national restoration plan under development by the American Chestnut Foundation (ACF). The first experiment utilized deep soil ripping and a combination of plowing and disking treatments. After three years, the results are clear. Simply planting chestnut into untreated existing habitat is ineffective. Some type of surface treatment to reduce soil bulk density and competition is necessary for seedling establishment. The more significant the disturbance, the better the survival and growth of chestnut. The second experiment utilized loose end-dumping at the time of reclamation. Various methods of chestnut deployment and planting were evaluated including direct seeding and bare-root seedlings. Plantings were done with and without protection from predators in different microsites. While survival of seedlings was greater than seeds, the most noticeable enhancement to survival was the addition of a tree shelter, which nearly doubled the survival rate. In summary, American chestnut appears to thrive on mine land reclamation sites—this may prove to be a useful focal point for restoration of the species while aiding in the reforestation of old and new reclamation sites.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HANDWASHING HABITS WITH DIARHEA INCIDENT IN CHILDREN UNDER TWO YEARS

Diarrhea in children under five based on diagnosis and symptom occurred in 18.5% of children in 2018 and 12.3% of children in 2013, indicating an increase. According to the health profile of Bojonegoro Regency of 2018, out of 33,667 diarrhea cases reported, 31,010 or 92.11% of them were treated. This study aims to analyze the relationship between handwashing practice, use of latrine and SPAL (sewerage) with diarrhea incidents in Bojonegoro Incidents. This study used observational study design with cross-sectional approach. Samples in this study were 63 toddlers spread across 4 villages taken using proportional random sampling technique. The collection of primary data was performed by interviewing and observing mothers that had toddlers. Chi square test method was used to determine the relationship between variables examined, where diarrhea occurred in children under five if p < α (α margin of error = 0.05). The results of the study conducted from December 27, 2019 to January 31, 2020 showed that there was a significant relationship between handwashing habit and diarrhea incidents in toddlers, with p=0.000. There was no significant relationship between latrine condition and diarrhea in toddlers, with p=0.808. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between SPAL condition and diarrhea incidents in toddlers, with p=0.085. There was a significant relationship between handwashing habits in mothers that had children under two with diarrhea incidents.
Internal Migration Experience and Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence from China

Background: This study aimed to examine the association of internal migration experience with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese, as well as explore possible mechanisms of the relationship. Methods: Participants were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative sample of residents aged 45 years and older (n = 43,854). Survey data on depressive symptoms and internal migration experience were collected from biennial CHARLS surveys (CHARLS 2011/2013/2015) and a unique CHARLS life history survey in 2014, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions and the Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method were employed in the statistical analyses. Results: The overall prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults was 34.6%. Internal migration experience was associated with higher risks of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02–1.12, p < 0.01), especially among females (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01–1.14, p < 0.05), middle-aged adults (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06–1.19, p < 0.001), rural-to-urban migrants who had not obtained an urban hukou (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.07–1.19, p < 0.001), and those who had low migration frequency and first migrated out at 35 years of age or older. Chronic disease (17.98%, p < 0.001), physical injury (7.04%, p < 0.001), medical expenditure (7.98%, p < 0.001), pension insurance (4.91%, p < 0.001), and parent–child interaction (4.45%, p < 0.01) were shown to mediate the association of internal migration experience with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a significant association between internal migration experience and high risks of depression onset later in life. It is suggested to reduce institutional barriers for migrants and implement evidence-based interventions to improve migrants’ mental health.
A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses in Special Education: Exploring the Evidence Base for High-Leverage Practices

It is crucial that special education teachers are equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to improve outcomes for students with disabilities. Despite federal legislation and efforts of the field to identify and disseminate evidence-based practices for students with disabilities, it is uncertain whether all special education teachers provide instruction based on the best available research. To better prepare special education teachers, McLeskey et al. proposed 22 high-leverage practices (HLPs). We conducted this systematic review of meta-analyses to provide an initial investigation of the experimental evidence reporting on the effectiveness of the HLPs for students with, or at risk for, a disability. Results indicated the largest amount of evidence from meta-analyses related to intensive instruction, explicit instruction, and social skills, with few meta-analyses reporting on collaboration and assessment. The results highlighted disproportional evidence according to disability categories. Implications for future research, practice, and teacher education are discussed.
Multi‐population puma connectivity could restore genomic diversity to at‐risk coastal populations in California

Urbanization is decreasing wildlife habitat and connectivity worldwide, including for apex predators, such as the puma (Puma concolor). Puma populations along California's central and southern coastal habitats have experienced rapid fragmentation from development, leading to calls for demographic and genetic management. To address urgent conservation genomic concerns, we used double‐digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to analyze 16,285 genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 401 pumas sampled broadly across the state. Our analyses indicated support for 4–10 geographically nested, broad‐ to fine‐scale genetic clusters. At the broadest scale, the four genetic clusters had high genetic diversity and exhibited low linkage disequilibrium, indicating that pumas have retained genomic diversity statewide. However, multiple lines of evidence indicated substructure, including 10 finer‐scale genetic clusters, some of which exhibited fixed alleles and linkage disequilibrium. Fragmented populations along the Southern Coast and Central Coast had particularly low genetic diversity and strong linkage disequilibrium, indicating genetic drift and close inbreeding. Our results demonstrate that genetically at risk populations are typically nested within a broader‐scale group of interconnected populations that collectively retain high genetic diversity and heterogenous fixations. Thus, extant variation at the broader scale has potential to restore diversity to local populations if management actions can enhance vital gene flow and recombine locally sequestered genetic diversity. These state‐ and genome‐wide results are critically important for science‐based conservation and management practices. Our nested population genomic analysis highlights the information that can be gained from population genomic studies aiming to provide guidance for the conservation of fragmented populations.
Low-Profile Multi-Functional Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Using Periodic Capacitor-Loaded Surface for 5G and Beyond

This paper describes a novel low-profile multi-functional pattern reconfigurable antenna using the periodic capacitor-loaded surface for 5G and beyond applications. A miniaturized periodic surface structure is firstly proposed using the shunt-loaded capacitor, which is studied by equivalent circuit models. A quarter-wavelength T-shaped director slot is etched on the edge of the ground, which leads to a tilted radiation pattern. By switching the ON / OFF states of PIN diodes embedded in the director slots, the main direction of the beam of the proposed antenna can be tuned among +35°, 0°, and -35°. To verify the design concept, a multi-functional pattern reconfigurable metamaterial-inspired antenna with a low profile of 0.05 λ0 is fabricated and measured. The measured overlapping bandwidth for the eight radiation modes is 3.10-3.85 GHz (21.6 %), well covering the 5G-N78 band. The port isolation between the two polarizations in eight modes is higher than 20 dB. The proposed reconfigurable metamaterial-inspired antenna shows the merits of low-profile, wide bandwidth, high port isolation, low-cost, multi-functional pattern reconfigurable capability, and easy fabrication for 5G and other sub 6 GHz applications.
Endogenous Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Relation to Germination of Osmoprimed Brassica napus Seeds under Salt Stress

Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield, which could not only promote seed germination and improve plant growth state but also increase abiotic stress tolerance. Salinity represents one of the most significant abiotic stresses that alters multiple processes in plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to salt stress is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. This paper examined the effect of osmopriming on endogenous polyamine metabolism at the germination and early seedling development of Brassica napus in relation to salinity tolerance. Free, conjugated and bound polyamines were analyzed, and changes in their accumulation were discussed with literature data. The most remarkable differences between the corresponding osmoprimed and unprimed seeds were visible in the free (spermine) and conjugated (putrescine, spermidine) fractions. The arginine decarboxylase pathway seems to be responsible for the accumulation of PAs in primed seeds. The obvious impact of seed priming on tyramine accumulation was also demonstrated. Moreover, the level of ethylene increased considerably in seedlings issued from primed seeds exposed to salt stress. It can be concluded that the polyamines are involved in creating the beneficial effect of osmopriming on germination and early growth of Brassica napus seedlings under saline conditions through moderate changes in their biosynthesis and accumulation.
Combining ability estimates and heterosis analysis on major yield attributing traits and lint quality in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Six cotton lines and five testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design in 2019. Thereby hybrids along with 11 parents and a standard check were evaluated for combining ability and standard heterosis. Observations on sympodial branches per plant, the number of bolls per plant, boll weight, Ginning Out Turn, staple length and seed cotton yield per plant were recorded. Among the parents, GJHV 534, TVH 002, NDLH 32, TCH 1894 and RAHC 1040 displayed higher positive gca effects for the number of bolls/plant, sympodial branches/plant, span length, seed cotton yield and ginning outturn percentage. Such results suggested that all these five parents were good general combiners covering the yield contributing traits studied and may be preferred for hybridization and selection programmes. The crosses viz., TVH 002 x RAHC 1040, GJHV 534 x RAHC 1040 and TCH 1894 x NDLH 32 with higher estimates of sca effects for almost all the traits and also were observed with higher heterotic effects. Thus these hybrids could be potential hybrids for the exploitation of heterosis in cotton.
THE TRAFFIC IN SPANISH PORTS: AN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

The efficient operation of any port activity is important if the goal is that products transported by ship arrive to final consumer markets with the minimum cost and in the shortest time. This paper examines commodities' traffic efficiency in the Spanish port system. Data envelopment analysis is used, with port equipment being the input and the commodities traffic the output, in order to measure the port efficiency. The study is focused on the determinant units of the analysis, either because they are influent units or they are outliers. The paper also presents a bootstrap analysis with the determinant units removed in order to fix a confidence interval for every considered port in the system. Results indicate that the Spanish port system presents some inefficiencies.
Application of Activated Afzelia Africana and Acacia Albida Carbon for Removal of Pollutants in Textile Wastewater

Adsorption of contaminants in textile wastewater onto activated carbon derived from two wood species has been studied using batch-adsorption techniques. This study was carried out to examine the removal efficiency of the low-cost adsorbent (Afzelia africana) AFA and (Acacia albida) ACA for the removal of heavy metals and other organic contaminants from textile effluents. The influence of contact time and adsorbent dose kept constant on the adsorption process was also studied. Removal efficiency increased with increase in contact time. The two adsorbents had an average removal efficiency of 60% at 90mins contact time for Zn. The ACA had higher removal efficiency for chromium at all contact times than AFA except at 120mins contact time where there existed a slight difference in the removal efficiency between the two adsorbents. Removal efficiency of iron was high between 58.18- 70.52% and 72.75-75.86% for AFA and ACA carbon respectively. This showed that iron had high affinity to the adsorbents surface. It was observed that AFA exhibited highest removal efficiency for nitrate at all contact times as compared to ACA. Results indicated that the freely abundant, locally available, low-cost adsorbent derived from the two wood species could be treated as being economically viable for the removal of contaminants from textile effluents.
Analysis of the Indoor Broadband Power-Line Noise Scenario

Abstract —Indoor broadband power-line noise is composed ofthree main terms: impulsive components, narrowband interfer-ences, and background noise. Most impulsive components have acyclostationary behavior. However, while some of them consist ofimpulses of considerable amplitude, width, and repetition rates of50/100 Hz (in Europe), others have lower amplitude and shorterwidth but repetition rates of up to hundreds of kilohertz. Classi-cal studies compute statistics of the impulse characteristics with-out taking into account these signiﬁcant differences. This paperpresents a detailed analysis of these noise terms with a clear dis-tinction between their constituent terms. A classiﬁcation of thenarrowband interferences according to their power spectral den-sity and their statistical behavior is also given. Finally, the instan-taneous power spectral density of the background noise and itsprobability distribution are investigated. Some of the results pre-sented in this paper are available for download from the web sitehttp://www.plc. uma.es/index_eng. htm.
A study of feto maternal outcome in primary caesarean section

Background: Primary caesarean section is defined as caesarean section to be performed in women who have not had previous caesarean delivery. The increase in the rates of primary caesarean section is not only due to increased caesarean section in nulligravida but also due to upward rise in caesarean section rates in parous women. Through this study we aimed to examine the frequency and the indications of primary caesarean section in nulliparous and multiparous women.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the OBGY department of smt. SCL Hospital, NHL municipal medical college from April 2020 to April 2021. All multiparous women with previous normal vaginal delivery who underwent caesarean section this time were included in this study. Patients with previous caesarean section <28 weeks of gestation, patients who did not give consent were excluded from the study.Results: 92% were 20-30 years and are gravida 2 or 3 patients. 85% patients were booked patients. Most common indication of primary caesarean section in parous women was MSL+FD (31%). Difficulty in delivery of the baby was encountered in 45% of cases. Major cause of admission in NICU was MAS.Conclusions: Primary caesarean section has become a major driver of overall caesarean section rate. Decision making on primary caesarean section should be carefully scrutinized, introducing a diagnostic second opinion for all primary caesarean section. Primary caesarean section in both multigravida and primigravida becomes mandatory in many cases to prevent maternal and feta morbidity.
Assessment of Solid Waste Management at Source in Compliance With Guidelines Among Residents of Kawempe Division, Kampala, Uganda

Background: Solid waste management poses a big challenge for many urban households, municipalities and cities, especially in developing countries, partly due to increasing urbanization. Overcrowding and informal settlements have emerged with illegal and indiscriminate waste disposal. Guidelines for proper management of solid waste are least observed at house hold level in such settings. The purpose of the study was to assess solid waste management at source in compliance with guidelines among residents of Kawempe municipality Kampala district. Methods: It was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study design, with both quantitative and qualitative methods. 385 households heads and four local leaders were interviewed using researcher administered questionnaires and interview guide. Results: The study found that only 37.9% of households complied with guidelines for solid waste management at source. Factors of waste management practices were waste reduction (p=0.005), separation (p=0.001), reuse (p=0.001) and composting (p=0.027). Determinants such as gender (p=0.007), marital status (p=0.016), level of education (p<0.0001), occupation (p=0.007), household size (p=0.025), medium of community sensitization (p<0.0001), enforcement of bi-laws (p=0.005), type of waste generated (p<0.0001) and waste storage method (p=0.009) were implicated. Conclusion: Compliance with guidelines in the management of household solid waste at source was still very low within the city. Authorities ought to intensify household solid waste management awareness campaigns.
PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF OLDER PEOPLE REGARDING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROCESS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY

Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a semistructured, in-depth interview method with 16 older people living in the east of Turkey. The interviews were conducted through the mobile application WhatsApp, as the older people were in the risk group for infection. The sample group was reached using the snowball method. When the data obtained from the participants reached the saturation level, two more interviews were conducted, and then the interviews were ended. After the recorded interviews were transcribed, they were subjected to conventional content analysis.
Methods of generating multiple uncorrelated Rayleigh fading processes

Simulting space-time-selective fading channels, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, frequency-selective and diversity-combined fading channels often requires the generation of multiple uncorrelated Rayleigh fading waveforms. In this paper, it is shown how the deterministic channel modeling approach can be applied to simulate multiple Rayleigh fading processes correlated in time, but uncorrelated between processes. Two appropriate parameter computation methods are investigated to guarantee the uncorrelatedness between different simulated fading processes. Numerical results show that the resulting deterministic channel simulator can accurately reproduce all of the desired statistical properties of the reference model. Moreover, three different procedures are presented to enable the efficient generation of multiple sequences of Rayleigh fading processes uncorrelated in time and between sequences. These methods are useful for simulating perfect interleaving channels.