Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dielectric breakdown of silicon oxide studied by scanning probe microscopy

The applicability of scanning probe microscopy in the dielectric breakdown characteristics of silicon oxide has been demonstrated. Our study demonstrates that the measurement on the oxide is free from the effect of trapped charge created by Fowler–Nordheim tunneling when a sufficient distance is maintained between the measuring points. In this condition, for a 13-nm-thick oxide, the dielectric breakdown voltages were found to be so uniform as to fluctuate only 1%. We applied this method to oxides on the wafers from two different vendors, and found that the dielectric breakdown strength of the oxide depends on the difference on the Si substrates. We also applied this method to a square oxide pattern surrounded by a field oxide, and the result was that the dielectric breakdown strength of the oxide on the edge is lower than the one in the center.
The Influence of Contextual Elements on Technopreneurial Intention

Technoprenuership is a combination of technology and entrepreneurship. High-technology context has been apply in this type of entrepreneur. The purpose of this study is to identify technopreneurial intention among Bumiputera university students in Malaysia. This study specifically examined the direct influence of contextual elements on technopreneurial intention through individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO). Quantitative research method has been applied and 150 respondents has been take part in this study. Simple random sampling method has been employed to obtain data from the respondents and the data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The results indicated that contextual element positively and significantly related to technopreneurial intention. Moreover, the results also showed a significant partially mediating role of individual entrepreneurial orientation and technopreneurial intention. Thus, this study contributed a few vital factors in technology based entrepreneurship intention or known as technopreneurial intention as well promoting young entrepreneurship towards university students in Malaysia.
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Farmers on Access to Agricultural Credit in Tripura

Institutional agricultural credit has played a significant role widespread adoption of modern production technologies and promotion of private investments on farms through its increasing as well as cheap supplyin the past. The present study was conducted in West Tripura district of Tripura to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the borrowers in the district. 120 sample farmers were selected using multistage random sampling technique for detailed analysis. Information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics like age, sex, education level, land use, etc. by borrowers were collected by survey method using pretested schedules. From the socio-economic study of the farmer it could be observed that majority of the farmers of the state are literate, experienced and interested in the timely agricultural credit utilization and repayment. The household considered for the study in West Tripura District had the highest percentage of the male population (51.49%) than that of the female population (47.58%). Cultivation was the primary occupation for 55.82 per cent of the sample population and secondary occupation for 29.17 per cent of sample population.
One-Step “Green” Synthetic Approach for Mesoporous C-Doped Titanium Dioxide with Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity

Mesoporous C-doped TiO2 nanomaterials with anatase phase are synthesized by a one-step “green” synthetic approach with low-cost inorganic Ti(SO4)2 and glucose as precursors for the first time. This facile method avoids treatment at high temperature, use of expensive or unstable precursors, and production of undesirable byproducts in the synthesis process. The physicochemical properties of as-prepared samples are characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV−vis DRS), and photoluminescence (PL). The results indicate that oxygen sites in the TiO2 lattice are substituted by carbon atoms and an O−Ti−C bond is formed. The observed new electronic states above the valence band edge are directly responsible for the electronic origin of the ba.
Identification and pathogenicity of fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Khorasan-Razavi province, Iran

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs)are known as the most important factors in crop reduction and cause considerable economic problems in grapevines worldwide. During 2016 to 2018, several field surveys were conducted on numerous vineyards in Khorasan-Razavi province to study fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases. In this study, samples were collected from trunk and branches of trees showing yellowing, stunted growth, dieback and wood discoloration in cross sections. In this study, 258 fungal isolates were obtained and identified based on morphological characteristics and comparison of DNA sequence data (ITS-rDNA region and a part of β-tubulin gene). These isolates were identified as Phaeoacremonium minimum (75 isolates), P. parasiticum (19 isolates), P. iranianum (52 isolates), P. tuscanum (8 isolates), Fomitiporia mediterranea (56 isolates) and Seimatosporium vitis (48 isolates). Pathogenicity of the selected isolates was verified by inoculation of potted grapevines shoots under greenhouse conditions. Based on the mean length of wood discoloration in the wood, P. minimum and F. mediterranea were the most and least virulent species, respectively. Our findings indicated that known fungal trunk pathogens such as Phaeoacremonium species and F. mediterranea occur on grapevine in Khorasan-Razavi province. This study is the first report of S. vitis associated with grapevine decline in Iran.
Penggunaan CSS-Mortar Busa Sebagai Alternatif Pemilihan Tipe Konstruksi Jalan Layang terhadap Biaya Konstruksi

The elevated road construction which is originally intended to overcome congestion at the intersection of the highway/train, actually sometimes worsen the congestion that exists during the construction period. Therefore, a new construction method and technology is needed to minimize the congestion and provide a short construction period. CSS-Mortar Foam is a new technology introduced by the Research Center of the Ministry of PUPR (Pusjatan) in 2016 which has been applied to the construction of the Antapani flyover in Bandung. A study is needed to compare the construction cost of this technology with the technology of the overpass structure which is commonly used, namely PCI-Girder. Data collection process in this study are planning and DED data, inventory of work items and volumes, and the unit price. The next step is the construction-costs calculation process of the proposed alternative-construction types. The calculation of construction costs was carried out using the Work Unit Price Analysis (AHSP) which is developed by the Directorate General of Highways based on the third revision of 2010 General Specifications. The results showed that the alternative CSS-Mortar Foam construction types was able to reduce the construction costs of flyovers by 44.7% compared to the PCI-Girder construction type. Thus, CSS-Mortar Foam construction can be used as a more efficient alternative for flyovers/bridges construction.
Comparative study of ultrasound and computerized tomography for nephrolithiasis detection

Background: There is a lack of consensus about whether the initial imaging method for patients with suspected nephrolithiasis should be computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography. Material and Methods: A total of 130 patients’ USG and CTU were compared for the presence of calculi. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of USG were calculated with CTU as the gold standard. Results: From the 150 sets of data collected, 45 calculi were detected on both USG and CTU. The sensitivity and specificity of renal calculi detection on USG were 53% and 85% respectively. The mean size of the renal calculus detected on USG was 6.8 mm ± 3.8 mm and the mean size of the renal calculus not visualized on USG but detected on CTU was 3.5 mm ± 2.7 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of ureteric calculi detection on USG were 12% and 97% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary bladder calculi detection on USG were 20% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the accuracy of US in detecting renal, ureteric and urinary bladder calculi were 68%, 80% And 99% Respectively.
Atmospheric dinitrogen fixation in the flooded rice rhizosphere as determined by the N-15 isotope technique

Abstract Atmospheric nitrogen fixation in the rice rhizosphere was determined under in situ conditions of growing flooded rice using the N-15 isotope method. The whole plant growing in a pot at a reproductive stage was placed in a specially designed glass container and exposed to a 15N2 atmosphere. The amounts of total nitrogen fixed in the rice rhizosphere under the experimental conditions were 1366, 592, 878, and 698 μg per pot containing 0.4 kg of soil during 15N2 exposure for 7 to 13 days in the four experiments conducted in this study. It was also found that the nitrogen fixed in the rice rhizosphere was translocated into other plant parts. Nineteen to 25% of the total atmospheric nitrogen fixed in the rice rhizosphere was found in the roots, leaves and stems, and ears of the rice plants during the 15N2 exposure period.
Modeling the hemodynamic response function using motor task and eyes-open resting-state EEG-fMRI

In this work, we investigated the regional characteristics of the dynamic interactions between oscillatory sources of ongoing neural activity obtained using electrophysiological recordings and the corresponding changes in the BOLD signal using simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements acquired during a motor task, as well as under resting conditions. We casted this problem within a system-theoretic framework, where we initially performed distributed EEG source space reconstruction and subsequently employed block-structured linear and non-linear models to predict the BOLD signal from the instantaneous power in narrow frequency bands of the source local field potential (LFP) spectrum (<100 Hz). Our results suggest that the dynamics of the BOLD signal can be sufficiently described as the convolution between a linear combination of the power profile within individual frequency bands with a hemodynamic response function (HRF). During the motor task, BOLD signal variance was mainly explained by the EEG oscillations in the beta band. On the other hand, during resting-state all frequency bands of EEG exhibited significant contributions to BOLD signal variance. Moreover, the contribution of each band was found to be region specific. Our results also revealed considerable variability of the HRF across different brain regions. Specifically, sensory-motor cortices exhibited positive HRF shapes, whereas parietal and occipital cortices exhibited negative HRF shapes under both experimental conditions.
Numerical Study of One Air-Fired and Two Oxy-Fuel Combustion Cases of Propane in a 100 kW Furnace

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling study has been carried out. The study involved gaseous fuel combustion with associated chemical reactions, radiative heat transfer, and turbulence. The three different combustion environments that were adopted experimentally in a 100 kW drop-tube firing unit were examined. One air-fired and two oxy-fuel-fired cases [21 vol % O2 for one combustion case (OF21) and 27 vol % O2 for the other combustion case (OF27)] were investigated. A swirl injection system was used to achieve the flame stability of the turbulent non-premixed combustible gases. A modified eddy breakup (EBU) model was used with appropriate empirical coefficients for propane combustion reactions. The irreversible single-step and reversible multi-step reaction mechanisms were considered. The overall agreement of the CFD results with the available measured data was reasonable. The data compared were the temperature distributions and the species concentrations (CO2, CO, and O2) at the most intensive c.
Determinants of Intended Return Migration among Refugees: A Comparison of Syrian Refugees in Germany and Turkey

Little is known about whether Syrian refugees intend to return to their origin-country and what affects their return migration intentions. We introduce a theoretical framework for voluntary return, identify the refugees’ decision-making context, and empirically assess the model with a sample of 577 Syrian refugees living in Germany and Turkey in 2018. Three return scenarios were presented in the survey: (i) returning to Syria within two years, (ii) returning when Syria is as safe as before the civil war, and (iii) ever returning. The three scenarios were conceived very differently by the refugees, highlighting the dynamic nature and context dependency of the concept of voluntary return. Syrian refugees in Turkey were more likely to regard their stay as temporary (76 percent), compared to those in Germany (55 percent, p-value of difference = .000). Similarly, structural factors of the origin- and host-countries, that is, the origin-governorate and the current location, were considerably influencing return intentions. Concerning individual factors, female and highly educated refugees had a lower willingness to return. Those who were married were less inclined to return in the short run, yet refugees who self-identified as poor indicated their desired return in the long run. We also analyzed whether random exposure to information regarding return impacted refugees’ intentions. We found a negative, albeit insignificant, impact of information, suggesting that host governments cannot expect (rapid) information dissemination to impact refugees’ decision-making about voluntary return. Our findings underscore that neither proximate nor distant host-countries should bank on the speedy return of the Syrian refugees.
Civil Society Organization Participation in Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Implementation

Civil society organizations (CSOs) have been at the forefront of advocating agrarian reform principles that engender hope for rural development and nation-building. This study assessed the extent of participation of CSOs and the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) in the areas of claim folder (CF) documentation, land survey activities, and Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA) distribution and installation. This descriptive-comparative and correlational research used a researcher-made survey questionnaire administered to randomly selected implementers, key leaders of CSOs, and farmer-beneficiaries. Using descriptive and inferential analyses, the study yielded a great extent result for both participation and implementation of CARP. A significant difference was found in the areas of assessment for both participation and implementation. Also, there is a significant relationship between participation of CSOs and implementation of CARP. The study recommends strengthening tripartism initiatives in the implementation of the program.
Improving Student Learning Outcomes Characteristics of Living Things Through Cooperative Learning Models Think Pair Share Type With Assisted Videos in Class III MINU Ngingas Waru

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of science students in class III C MINU Ngingas Waru on material characteristics of living things. The learning model used by teachers in the classroom is less innovative and the lack of use of learning media during learning. Student learning outcomes are less than the maximum ie only 43.2% of students who can achieve KKM. Based on this, the researcher took corrective action in learning by using the cooperative learning model think pair share type and using the help of learning media. This study aims to determine: 1) The application of think pair share type cooperative learning models with video aids and 2) Increase student learning outcomes in material features of living things. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) using a research model of Kurt Lewin consisting of 2 cycles, where the action of each cycle starts from planning (planning), action (action), observation (observation) and reflection (reflection). The subjects of this study were students of class III C MINU Ngingas Waru with a total of 37 students consisting of 15 male students and 22 female students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, written tests, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) The application of the think pair share type cooperative learning model with video assistance went well as evidenced by the results of observations of teacher activity data in the first cycle of 81.57 (high), and increased in the second cycle of 94.31 (very high). The results of observations of student activity in the first cycle amounted to 91.67 (very high) and increased in the second cycle of 95. (2) The improvement in learning outcomes occurred after the cooperative learning model of the type of think pair share was applied with video aids as evidenced by student learning outcomes in pre cycles get an average of 68.16 with a percentage of completeness of 43.2% (very less). Cycle I get an average of 79.86 with a percentage of completeness 64.8% (less). Cycle II get an average of 87.70 with a percentage of completeness 89.1% (good). There is a good increase in each cycle with the cooperative learning model think pair share type with video aids.
Experimental Study on Air Cooling Via a Multiport Mesochannel Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger

The air-side heat transfer and flow characteristics of cross-flow multiport slab mesochannel heat exchanger are investigated experimentally in this article. The multiport slab mesochannel heat exchanger consists of 15 finned aluminum slabs; each slab contains 68 flow channels of 1 mm circular diameter. The cold deionized water at a constant mass flow rate was forced to flow through the mesochannels, whereas the hot air at different velocities was allowed to pass through the finned passages of the heat exchanger core in cross-flow orientation. The heat transfer and fluid flow key parameters were examined in the region of the air-side Reynolds number in the range of 972–2758, with a constant water-side Reynolds number of 135. The effect of air-side Reynolds number on air-side Nusselt number was examined and a general correlation of Nusselt number with Reynolds number was obtained. The Nusselt number value was found to be higher in comparison with other research works for the corresponding Reynolds number range. The multiport mesochannel flat slab geometry has offered uniform temperature distribution into the core. This uniform temperature distribution leads to higher heat transfer over stand-alone inline flow tube bank.
LER Limitations of Resist Thin Films

This paper describes fundamental studies of the degradation of LER in EUV resists as a function of film thickness. This research focused on the influence of three variables on this LER film thickness problem:  Substrate interaction (primed silicon vs. organic underlayer)  Changes in optical density (variations in fluorine content)  PAG attachment (bound and unbound) Our experimental approach struck a balance between using resists prepared by commercial resist vendors and using open-source resists with custom-designed polymers to address specific variables listed above. One key feature of this research was our development of a mathematical method for evaluation of the extent of the LER deviation in thin films, called φLER. Our results showed that the effect of substrate was not significant for two different resists (one commercial and one open source). Additionally, we found that increasing optical density actually made the LER degradation (φLER) worse—which was contrary to what was predicted by other researchers. Most significant was our demonstration that PAG attachment plays the most important role in the degradation of LER in thinner resist films; polymer-bound PAGs showed a dramatic 3X improvement in φLER over a similar blended system.
EVALUATION OF ASSOCIATION RULES BASED ON CERTAINTY FACTOR: AN APPLICATION ON DIABETES DATA SET

Data mining is the process of discovering useful information that has not been previously revealed from large amounts of data. Association rules mining is one of the most important techniques used in data mining and artificial intelligence. The first research in the association rules was to find relationships between different products in the customer transaction database and customer purchase models. Based on these relationships, researchers have begun to expand the field of data mining. One of these areas is the application of the rules of association in the field of medicine. Thus, through these applications, the relationship of various features in medical data can be discovered, and the findings obtained can aid medical diagnosis. Support and confidence are the two primary measures employed in the evaluation of association rules. The rules obtained with these two values are often correct ; however, they are not strong rules. For this reason, there are many interestingness measures proposed to achieve stronger rules. Most of the rules, especially with a high support value, are misleading. For this reason, there are many interestingness measures proposed to achieve stronger rules. This study aims to establish strong association rules with variables in the open-sourced diabetes data set. In the current study, the Apriori algorithm was used to obtain the rules. As a result of the analysis, only 52 confidence and support criteria were taken into consideration. For more powerful rules, certainty factor was used as one of the interestingness measures proposed in the literature, and it was concluded that only 39 of these rules were strong as a result of the analysis.
Verfeinerung der Kristallstruktur von Cerussit, PbCO3

PbC03 is isotypic with aragonite and crystallizes in the space group Pmcn with lattice constants: a = 5.1800 A; b = 8.492 A; c = 6.134 A. The structure was refined from x-ray data with the least-squares method (R = 0.072). The configuration of the C03 group is discussed in relation to the structures of aragonite, strontianite and witherite.
Computer Vision for Real-Time Measurements of Shrinkage and Color Changes in Blueberry Convective Drying

The effect of temperature on blueberry drying rate, shrinkage, and color changes was evaluated from drying experiments for both high bush (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and wild (Vaccinium angustifolium) blueberries. Drying temperature significantly affected texture and color of both varieties. Temperatures above 55°C caused a significant color change (ΔE > 25) within 30 min of the beginning of drying, followed by a significant drop in density from 1.02 to 0.38 g/cm3. In contrast, drying at temperatures below 50°C resulted in nonsignificant color changes and an eventual density increase to 1.26 g/cm3. It follows that blueberry color could be used as an early stage indicator of quality degradation in the process of drying.