Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathological Changes in the Lungs of Slaughtered Sheep and Cattle in Khartoum State Abattoirs

This study was conducted in khartoum slaughterhouses (El Sabaloga and El Kadarou), during the period 2002-2003 to investigate the condemnation causes of cattle and sheep lungs and associated lymph nodes. Three hundred animals (117 cattle and 183 sheep) were examined postmortem. Various causes of lung condemnations were recorded and compared with condemnation data collected from slaughterhouses records during the period 1998-2002. the results of the survey showed that specific and non-specific lung affections are high among slaughtered sheep and cattle and this matches well with the condemnation records of slaughterhouses in khartoum State. This indicates that pulmonary diseases may be prevalent in meat animals and should receive adequate attention. The condemnation records showed that out of 1717831 slaughtered sheep 15.47% were found to have pulmonary involvement. The main causes of lung condemnation record were: pneumonia (51.95%), aspirated blood (29.42%), congestion (9.53%), adhesion (5.59%) and abscess (3.27%). One case of tuberculosis was observed. The condemnations were high in March, September and October and low in june, August and November. On the other hand, out of 955336 cattle slaughtered 6.47% had lung affections. The lung condemnations were due to pneumonia(47.79%), adhesions (0.99%), congestion (1.24%), aspirated blood(49.75%) and abscesses (0.15%). Hydatid cysts were seen in (0.08%) of the condemned lungs and four cases (0.01%) showed typical lesions of tuberculosis. Condemnations due to pneumonia were high in September and low in February. Grossly the types of pneumonia observed were mainly bronchopneumonia (acute, suppurative and fibrinous) and interstitial pneumonia. These were confirmed histopathologically. Sections of four of the caseated nodules in cattle showed typical granulomatous lesions of tuberculosis, though no acid fast organisms were seen in sections stained with Ziehl Neelsen stain. However, impression smears from lymph nodes showed one positive case of acid fast bacilli. H&E sections from lungs with severe congestion or haemorrhage exhibited haemosidrin laden machrophages in association with chronic bronchitis, interstitial pneumonia and fibrosis. Perl’s prussian blue reaction was positive for iron. Other special stains were used in this study to verify and confirm various lesions and this was one of the main aims of this study. Vonkossa’s stain was used to confirm presence of calcium deposits. Collagen fibers (in cases of lung fibrosis) were with Van Gieson’s stain and with Masson’s trichrome stain. Verhoeff’s stain was utilized to demonstrate elastic fibers and Gordon and sweets stain was used to confirm presence of reticulin fibers.
Role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in asthma and other pulmonary conditions

Endotoxin and its purified derivative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are Gram-negative bacterial potent pro-inflammatory constituents continuously shed into the environment.1 Humans can be exposed to endotoxin via several ways. In addition to the septic shock frequently caused by translocation of Gram-negative micro-organisms normally present in the gut of the host to the circulation, there is continuous exposure to air-borne endotoxin. High levels of air-borne (up to 1 mg/m3) endotoxin have been reported from a variety of occupational environments (e.g. swine confinement, poultry farm, cotton mill, brewery, and waste processing). 1 The release of endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, that colonize the respiratory tract in the majority of patients with chronic bronchitis, can also contribute to the lung function decrease by initiating release of inflammatory mediators from bronchial epithelial cells.
Epidemiological studies on gastrointestinal nematodosis in cattle and buffaloes

Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in cattle and buffaloes of 13 districts of Uttarakhand, India were carried out for 6 years from January, 2001 to December, 2006. Out of a total 48,416 faecal samples examined, 13.88% were found positive for GIN. In cattle, an overall prevalence of 17.79% was observed as compared to 9.78% in buffaloes. In Hill and Tarai cattle, a prevalence rate of 17.54% and 17.87%, respectively was recorded. The Hill buffaloes were found to be less affected (2.86%) as compared to buffalo of Tarai (16.84%). Monthly faecal examination revealed the highest prevalence of GIN in the month of June (22.54%) and April (37.95%), respectively for Tarai and Hill cattle. The same were observed in the month of September (20.68%) and May (25.28%) for Tarai and Hill buffaloes, respectively. The intensity of infection (mean EPG) was highest in the month of November (29.86) and August (80.09) for Tarai buffaloes and cattle, respectively. However, it was recorded in the month of May for Hill buffaloes (21.73) and cattle (166.46). In coproculture examination, both cattle and buffaloes were found harbouring predominantly Haemonchus sp. The worms Trichostrongylus sp. , Oesophagostomum sp. , Bunostomum sp. and Ostertagia sp. Cooperia sp. larvae were recorded from cattle and Paracooperia sp. from buffalo coprocultures, respectively.
Utilization of Nursing Process in Clinical Practices: Nurses Knowledge and Barriers

The nursing process is central to nursing actions in any setting because it is an efficient method of organizing thought processes for clinical decision-making and problem solving. This study was carried out to determine the extent of understanding to its use and barriers as viewed by academic and professional nursing staff. The convenience-studied subjects (447) comprised academic nursing staff at the Medical Surgical Nursing department, Alexandria Faculty of Nursing, nursing graduates working at the units at the Main University Hospital and the faculty students enrolled to the medical surgical nursing courses from the year 2006 until 2010. The developed tool included three parts, which describe knowledge and barriers in applying nursing process in different medical surgical clinical settings. The results revealed limited knowledge in academic nursing staff, while it was approximately absent in both undergraduate and graduate nurses. The main difficulty to applying the nursing process was nursing diagnoses. The barriers included lack of knowledge, skills, and time. Moreover, lack of nursing assessment and care plan formats in addition to the lack of support and enforcement by administrative policies might explain the results. (Salwa Al-Badry Aly, Wafaa N. Ahmed Besely. Utilization of Nursing Process in Clinical Practices: Nurses Knowledge and Barriers. J Am
The Enigma of the North Margin of the Amazon River: Proven Lachesis Bites in Brazil, Report of Two Cases, General Considerations about the Genus and Bibliographic Review

Confirmed snakebite accidents involving Lachesis vipers (bushmasters, or surucucu) are rare in the literature. We present two cases that occurred recently in the southern region of Bahia State, Brazil. These two cases were singled out of a series of nine accidents. Both presented intense local pain, edema, mild local ecchymosis, local hemorrhage and dramatic systemic alt erations within the fi rst 30 minutes af ter the bite: hypotension, vomiting and diarrhea, sinus bradycardia configuring a pre-shock state. Both patients were treated with antivenom within 60 minutes of the accident: one received 20 I.V. vials of Bothropic-Lachetic Antivenom (BLA --- Butantan Institute) and the other received 10 I.V. vials of BLA. Both patients recovered fully. Few laboratory tests were made and both snakes were p ositively id entified. Accidents in the north m argin of the Amazon River seem to present d ifferent s igns and symptoms. The objective of t his case report i s to contribute to a better understanding of these envenomings and of the genus as a whole, aiming at early diagnosis and treatment of Lachesis snakebites.
Awareness and use of contraceptives among saudi women attending primary care centers in Al-qassim, saudi arabia.

Background: The overall rapid change in the socio-demographic pattern of the Saudi Arabian community, especially the changes concerned with women’s education and work will be an important factor in changing fertility beliefs and behaviors with more tendencies to birth spacing and, consequently, the use of contraceptives. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the perception of Saudi women regarding the use of contraceptives Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi women attending primary care centers of AlQassim Region. A structured questionnaire was developed to cover the research objectives. The dependant variable was the utilization of contraceptive methods and the socioeconomic variables were the independent variables. Results: The results identified the low knowledge level of the participant women regarding the variety of contraceptive methods. Most participants and their husbands showed acceptance to the use of contraceptives for birth spacing. They preferred birth interval of 2-3 years. They intended to have from 5 to 10 children. There was a significant increase in contraceptive use among working women, 30 years and older, with a higher level of education, and those having a large number of children. Multiple regression models revealed that the significant determinants of the use of contraceptives were women’s working and education. The study recommended sustained efforts to increase awareness and motivation for proper contraceptive use.
The Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Neonatal Septicaemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background : Neonatal septicaemia is a clinical syndrome of bacteraemia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms in first month of life. The type and pattern of organisms that cause neonatal sepsis changes over time and vary from one hospital to another hospital, even in the same country. Early diagnosis and proper management of neonatal septicaemia can bring down the morbidity and mortality substantially. Objectives: 1) to isolate and identify the bacterial etiologic agents responsible for neonatal sepsis. 2) To compare and contrast the prevalent bacterial pathogens isolated from early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) and late onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). 3) To access risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis. 4) To determine the susceptibility pattern of isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents in the treatment of sepsis. Methodology: Blood culture reports were studied in 306 cases of clinically suspected septicemia in neonates using the standard technique of Mackie and McCartney. The antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. Risk factors for sepsis in the children as well as mothers were registered. Results: Blood culture reports were positive in 82.35% of cases. Thirty three babies (79%) had early onset sepsis and 9 (21%) had late onset sepsis. Klebsiella pneumoniae and CNS were the commonest organisms causing neonatal sepsis in both EOS and LOS. Prematurity, lbw and respiratory distress syndrome were strongly associated with blood culture proven neonatal sepsis. Maternal risk factors identified were preterm labour, PROM and intrapartum fever. Conclusion: The spectrum of organisms that cause neonatal sepsis changes over time and varies from region to region. These organisms have also developed increasing multi-drug resistance over the last two decades. Therefore knowledge of the pattern of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is useful for prompt treatment of patients.
Unconventional Therapy Use Among Children With Cancer in Saskatchewan

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of unconventional therapy use among children with cancer in Saskatchewan, including identification of the most commonly used therapies, and to describe families’ expectations and experiences in doing so. Researchers used a cross-sectional survey design with semi-structured telephone interviews to suit the descriptive and exploratory inquiry and the population focus. The personal telephone interviews occurred during the fall and winter of 1996 to 1997, with the parents coming from a wide range of geographic areas in the province of Saskatchewan. Parents of all children who were aged 14 years or younger when diagnosed with cancer during 1994 and 1995 in Saskatchewan and still living at the time of the study were identified through the provincial cancer registry with the assistance of the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency. Of the 44 families participating (92% of those eligible), 36% reported using unconventional therapy for their child’s cancer; another 21% considered it. Reasons included complementing medical treatment, coping with side effects; making the child stronger ; and stopping the cancer. Experiences were generally positive. Reasons for not using unconventional therapies included the child doing well and parents placing confidence in the medical system. Parents identified a need for better quality information about unconventional therapies. Unconventional therapies play a substantial complementary role in cancer care for children. Families need support to identify safe and potentially helpful therapies when they choose that route. This requires: more research about therapies’ effectiveness;
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ATORVASTATIN THROUGH ANTI -OXIDANT, ANTI - INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI -APOPTOTIC MECHANISMS AGAINST TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC/REPERFUSION INJURY IN DIABETIC RATS

Stroke and diabetes mellitus are two separate conditions which share multiple common threads. Atorvastatin plays an important role in the maintenance of hyperlipidemia especially in diabetic patients. Debate continues about the best strategies for manageme nt of diabetic stroke. Thus, interest was raised to investigate the neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin against transient ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats targeting mainly the oxidative -inflammatoryapoptotic cascade which has been previously addressed as co-conspirators in this insult. Forebrain ischemia was induced in streptozotocin -diabetic rats by bicommon carotid occlusion for 15 min followed by 1h reperfusion. Atorvastatin (15 mg/kg; p.o) was administered daily for 2 weeks prior to I/R injury. The drug alleviated hippocampal injury inflicted by diabetes and/or I/R injury where it suppressed nuclear factor kappa NF-κB, and consequently the downstream inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor -α and interleukin-6. In parallel, the anti -inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was elevated. Antioxidant potential of atorvastatin was depicted, where it reduced neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxides, nitric oxide associated with replenished reduced glutathione. Decline of excitatory amino acid glutamate content is a main finding which is probably mediated by the NF-￻κ B signaling pathway as well as improved oxidant status. Atorvastatin exerted an anti -apoptotic effect as reflected by the reduction of the cytos olic cytochrome c and the key downstream executioner caspase-3. In conclusion, atorvastatin is gifted with neuroprotective properties which are probably mediated by its antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms hence may provide a successful agent for the management of ischemic stroke.
Potential direct secondary care cost benefits of HealthyWeightHub - Virtual Hospital 2.0 digital lifestyle intervention

HealthyWeighHub (HWH) is a 12-month coaching and education service designed to help patients with obesity make permanent life changes, launched and expanded gradually in Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) Healthvillage since 2016. We examined the direct secondary care cost benefits of HWH, measured with potential capacity freed (PCF) compared to conventional group coaching (CGC). Costs included health care, patient co-payments and travelling expenses. First, we evaluated the PCF actualized in the first two years from 2016 to 2018 in the HUS Specific Catchment Area (HUS ERVA). Then, we predicted the PCF at Finnish national level, if HWH was implemented gradually over the five years from 2018 to 2022, aimed at treating 1 % of adults with obesity annually in 2022. HWH’s actualized PCF was €2.69 million compared to CGC in the first two years in HUS ERVA. If the patients who received CGC had been treated with HWH instead, total PCF could have been €3.71 million. At Finnish national level, providing CGC to 1 % of adults with obesity was predicted to cost €28.0 million (€5.08 per capita) annually in 2022. With HWH predicted cost was €7.31 million (€1.33 per capita), meaning an annual PCF of €20.7 million (€3.75 per capita) in 2022 and cumulative five-year PCF of €57.5 million (€10.43 per capita). Compared to CGC, HWH is estimated to enable treatment of approximately 3.8-times more patients with obesity at the same cost. HWH can be more affordable than CGC and a potentially efficient tool to combat the obesity epidemic. Future evaluations should examine HWH’s effectiveness and impact on the indirect costs associated with weight loss and long-term illness.
Probing flavoured Axions in the Tail

We discuss how LHC di-muon data collected to study Bq → μμ can be used to constrain light particles with avour-violating couplings to b-quarks. Focussing on the case of a avoured QCD axion, a, we compute the decay rates for Bq → μμa and the SM background process Bq → μμγ near the kinematic endpoint. ese rates depend on non-perturbative Bq → γ(∗) form factors with onor o-shell photons. e o-shell form factors —relevant for generic searches for beyond-the-SM particles— are discussed in full generality and computed with QCD sum rules for the rst time. With these results, we analyse available LHCb data to obtain the sensitivity on Bq → μμa at present and future runs. We nd that the full LHCb dataset alone will allow to probe axion-coupling scales of the order of 10 GeV for both b→ d and b→ s transitions. ∗johannes.albrecht@cern.ch †emmanuel.stamou@epfl.ch ‡robert.ziegler@cern.ch §roman.zwicky@ed.ac. uk 1 ar X iv :1 91 1. 05 01 8v 1 [ he pph ] 1 2 N ov 2 01 9
Physicochemical characterization and thermal analysis of newly discovered Nigerian coals

The physicochemical properties and thermal degradation behaviour of three newly discovered sources of coals; Afuze, Garin Maiganga and Shankodi-Jangwa from Nigeria were examined. Characterization was performed to determine the rank, classification and quality of the coals using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis and higher heating value (HHV). Ultimate analysis revealed high Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O), but low Nitrogen (N) and Sulphur (S) content. Proximate analysis demonstrated that the Garin Maiganga (GMG) coal sample exhibited the highest volatile matter (51.16 %) and Moisture (5.28 %) content. The highest ash content 30.99 % was observed in the Afuze coal; whereas the highest FC content was observed in the Shankodi-Jangwa coal sample. The heating values (HHV) of the different samples were; Garin Maiganga (23.74 MJ/kg); Shankodi-Jangwa (27.34 MJ/kg) and Afuze (30.52 MJ/kg) which confirmed Afuze and Shankodi-Jangwa as high rank coals and Garin Maiganga as low rank. Consequently, Afuze coal is classified as Bituminous and NOT Sub-Bituminous as previously reported. The results also demonstrate the reactivity and maturity of the coal samples by increasing order; Garin Maiganga>Shankodi-Jangwa>Afuze. Overall, the physicochemical and low rank properties of GMG coal make it suitable for coal power generation. The high fixed carbon content and thermochemical reactivity of SKJ indicate a good coking potential for steel and cement production. Last, the low moisture content and high carbon and heating values indicate AFZ coal can be utilized for power generation.
PTPN13 induces cell junction stabilization and inhibits mammary tumor invasiveness

Clinical data suggest that the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN13 exerts an anti-oncogenic effect. Its exact role in tumorigenesis remains, however, unclear due to its negative impact on FAS receptor-induced apoptosis. Methods: We crossed transgenic mice deleted for PTPN13 phosphatase activity with mice that overexpress human HER2 to assess the exact role of PTPN13 in tumor development and aggressiveness. To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the PTPN13 tumor suppressor activity we developed isogenic clones of the aggressive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 overexpressing either wild type or a catalytically-inactive mutant PTPN13 and subjected these to phosphoproteomic and gene ontology analyses. We investigated the PTPN13 consequences on cell aggressiveness using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays, on intercellular adhesion using videomicroscopy, cell aggregation assay and immunofluorescence. Results: The development, growth and invasiveness of breast tumors were strongly increased by deletion of the PTPN13 phosphatase activity in transgenic mice. We observed that PTPN13 phosphatase activity is required to inhibit cell motility and invasion in the MDA-MB-231 cell line overexpressing PTPN13. In vivo, the negative PTPN13 effect on tumor invasiveness was associated with a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition phenotype in athymic mice xenografted with PTPN13-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells, as well as in HER2-overexpressing mice with wild type PTPN13, compared to HER2-overexpressing mice that lack PTPN13 phosphatase activity. Phosphoproteomic and gene ontology analyses indicated a role of PTPN13 in the regulation of intercellular junction-related proteins. Finally, protein localization studies in MDA-MB-231 cells and HER2-overexpressing mice tumors confirmed that PTPN13 stabilizes intercellular adhesion and promotes desmosome formation. Conclusions: These data provide the first evidence for the negative role of PTPN13 in breast tumor invasiveness and highlight its involvement in cell junction stabilization.
Geometric Properties and Exact Travelling WaveSolutions for the Generalized Burger-FisherEquation and the Sharma-Tasso-Olver Equation

In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior and exact parametric representations of the traveling wave solutions for the generalized BurgerFisher equation and the Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation under different parametric conditions, the exact monotonic and non-monotonic kink wave solutions, two-peak solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, as well as unbounded traveling wave solutions are obtained.
Pathophysiology of Stress Hyperglycaemia following Surgery

Surgical and non-surgical injury triggers the release of stress hormones which stimulate a cascade of metabolic changes leading to substrate mobilisation (hyperglycaemia) with the breakdown of protein, fat and carbohydrate stores [1]. The metabolic changes appear to be proportional to the severity of the operation with plasma cortisol and blood glucose concentration rising slightly during minor surgical procedures but significantly during major intraabdominal operations [2].