Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intuition

One asset for primary care is a sixth sense that alerts you to a problem that has yet to manifest itself. Ten years ago as a very new partner I was getting to know my list. “By the way,” said another 45-year-old woman who had already discussed a number of unrelated issues. “I have had more headaches recently. ” So, off we started again. The headaches were established to be right sided, without nausea, not migrainous, affected concentration and made her feel tearful. I opened Pandora’s box and asked innocently:“Any relationship to your periods? ” “No periods since the age of twenty-nine. ” “Oh! ” Polycystic ovary syndrome had been diagnosed by laparoscopy and ovarian biopsy but being single she had seen the lack of bleeding as a positive benefit. There were no menopausal symptoms and the patient had no perception of a problem. Bone density screen was requested with the expectation of a considerable wait. She accepted this and mirrored the delay by attending for blood tests eight months later. Gonadotrophins failed to indicate ovarian failure or polycystic ovary syndrome, and thus prolactin levels were requested. The result was given as markedly above the normal range at 19,050 mU/l (normal range 0500 mU/l). Bone density was reported finally at 76% of the expected level. Notwithstanding the nuisance value of the headache, to this point the problem had been conceptual and largely mine. The patient now understood the scale of the issue and that potentially she had much to lose. Endocrinology referral produced a CT scan. This showed a large rightsided macroprolactinoma, missing the optic chiasm and too large for surgery. Radiotherapy was seen as too risky. Cabergoline has now been used alone for over eight years and has been highly successful. The tumour has shrunk, biochemistry returned to normal and sight retained. To allay further osteoporotic decline, continuous combined hormone replacement was initiated very gradually due to problems with tolerance. Bone density has been proven to have significantly improved. My patient is fully aware of how lucky she is. Intuition failure might have produced quite a different outcome.
A NEW PTEROSAUR: BEIPIAOPTERUS CHENIANUS, GEN. ET SP. NOV. (REPTILIA: PTEROSAURIA) FROM WESTERN LIAONING PROVINCE OF CHINA

Based on an incomplete skeleton, Beipiaopterus chenianus gen. et sp. nov. is erected. It is characterized by a wing finger composed of only three wing phalanges with wing phalanx 1 extremely elongate, the scapula is slightly longer than the coracoid, the fifth toe remains in the foot, and a relatively smaller ratio of wing-metacarpal IV to antebrachium. The elongate cervical vertebrae, the ratio of metatarsal III to tibia, and the general shape of the humerus indicate that Beipiaopterus chenianus belongs to the Ctenochasmatidae.
Effects of plant extracts on the feeding behaviour of the slug Arion lusitanicus

Methanol extracts of the plants Geranium robertianum, Lepidium sativum, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Salvia pratensis, Saponaria officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Trifolium repens and Valerianella locusta were produced and applied to cotyledons of 6-8 clays old rape seedlings to investigate whether they can influence the feeding of the slug Arion lusitanicus on young rape. All plant extracts appeared to reduce slug feeding on rape to some extent, but only the extracts of Saponaria officinalis and V. locusta significantly deterred A. lusitanicus from feeding. The small effects of some extracts may be due to a poor extraction efficiency or an insufficient feeding inhibition capacity of these extracts.
The effects of kinship on the growth of juvenile Arctic charr

The effect of kinship on growth and growth variability was studied by rearing young-of-the-year Arctic charr in full-sibling, mixed-sibling or non-kin groups for 11 weeks. Both weight and length were found to be significantly greater among full-sibling v. mixed or non-kin groups. Also, variance in weight and length of the individuals within groups was found to be significantly lower in full-sibling v. mixed or non-kin groups. These data suggest that relatedness of group members has a significant effect on both the growth rate and variation in growth of juvenile Arctic charr.
Description, Bionomics and Control of the Giant Mealybug, Drosicha stebbingi , Green (Homoptera: Coccidae)

The giant mealybug, Drosicha stebbingi , Green, which occurs in Northern and Central India, was described for the first time in 1900. Observations on its life-history and control have been made by Stebbing (1899–1903) at Dehra Dun, Lefroy (1908) and Dutt (1925) at Pusa, Richards & Sharma (1934) at Cawnpore, and Misra & Rao (1938) at Benares. Savage (1914) investigated the respiratory system of the female. Hingston (1929) made observations in Central India. Beeson (1941) has briefly recapitulated its life-history and control. Though it has thus been the subject of investigation by a number of workers since 1900, the information so far collected is far from complete. No effective control has yet been devised, for the existing methods of combating it are directed towards preventing the fertilised females from descending the trees and entering the soil to oviposit, and this is after the damage has been done. Its habits, which have an important bearing on its control, have not yet been fully studied, and the present investigations were, therefore, undertaken in 1938. The results are presented in this paper.
Mating success at high temperature in highland‐ and lowland‐derived populations as well as in heat knock‐down selected Drosophila buzzatii

Thermal‐stress selection can affect multiple fitness components including mating success. Reproductive success is one of the most inclusive measures of overall fitness, and mating success is a major component of reproduction. However, almost no attention has been spent to test how mating success can be affected by thermal‐stress selection. In this study, we examine the mating success in the cactophilic Drosophila buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler (Diptera: Drosophilidae) derived from two natural populations that nearly represent the ends of an altitudinal cline for heat knock‐down resistance. Furthermore, we extended the analysis using laboratory lines artificially selected for high and low heat knock‐down resistance. Mating success at high temperature was found to be higher in the lowland than the highland population after a heat pre‐treatment. Moreover, individuals selected for heat knock‐down resistance showed higher mating success at high temperature than did individuals selected for low knock‐down resistance. These results indicate that adaptation to thermal stress can confer an advantage on fitness‐related traits including mating success and highlight the benefits of earlier heat exposure as an adaptive plastic response affecting mating success under stress of higher temperature.
Genetic diversity of Capsicum using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs

Pepper ( Capsicum sp.) is one of the most popular and widely grown vegetables in Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty germplasm collections were characterised, evaluated and conserved in the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan Nigeria. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed on selected forty accessions of Capsicum annum and Capsicum fructences to estimate genetic diversity and taxonomic relationships. Cluster analysis using UPGMA seperated the accessions into four major groups. Based on the morphological and molecular data, remarkable difference was exhibited by the Capsicum accessions. Keywords: RAPD, genetic diversity, Capsicum
Assessment of activated charcoal vs synthetic toxin-binders on performance, nutrient utilization and meat-quality of broilers fed infected diets.

Received: Revised: Accepted: August 23, 2014 September 24, 2014 October 20, 2014 A total of one hundred and eighty day old broilers were used to determine the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler birds fed aflatoxin infected diet with or without toxin binders. Six diets were compounded where toxinbinder A, B, C and D were included in treatment 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Treatment 1 (positive control) was infected and 6 (negative control diet) was left uninfected. The birds were randomly allotted into the six (6) dietary treatments of three replicates each, containing ten (10) birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Parameters monitored were Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) and Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER). At the beginning of 8 week of the experimental period, three birds per replicate were randomly selected, transferred to metabolic cage where acclimatization prior faecal matters collection for three days was observed. Faecal samples were dried and analyzed for proximate composition. The result together with other parameters was used to calculate the nutrient digestibility of the birds. The birds were starved for 12hours, weighed, slaughtered, dressed, cut to parts and weighed. Segment of breast muscles were analyzed for aflatoxin residue. Significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded in the performance characteristics both at starter and finisher phases especially between those with binder and one without binder. Significantly different (P<0.05) FER was obtained from birds fed infected diets at starter. No significant (P>0.05) difference among ADFI except negative control diet which had lowest (P<0.05) value (78.96g). No difference (P>0.05) among average FER and cost per kg meat produced at finisher phase. Infected diet + binder B gave the best (P<0.05) digestibility potential while others were similar (P>0.05). Only the wing, breast and back cut parts were similar (P>0.05) while others were significantly (P<0.05) different. Abdominal fat was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the presence of binders in the infected diets. Meat samples from birds fed infected diet without binder had highest (P<0.05) value (3.13ppb) of aflatoxin residue and least value (0.96 ppb) was obtained from negative control. No difference (P>0.05) in the values obtained for treatment 3 and treatment 4. It could therefore be concluded that the aflatoxin residue present in the broiler meat obtained from birds fed all the binder were relatively lower than the safe level recommended by United Food and Drug Administration (UFDA) thereby making the meat safe for human consumption. Activated charcoal is also a promising binder in poultry diet containing aflatoxin.
Relationship of water column stability to the growth, condition, and survival of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the northern coastal Gulf of Alaska and Prince William Sound

Water column stability has been hypothesized to affect growth and ultimately survival of juvenile fish. We estimated the relationships between stability and the growth, condition, and marine survival of several stocks of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) within Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, USA, and the northern coastal Gulf of Alaska (GOA) shelf. There was a stronger correlation among the biological parameters of the fish than between the biological parameters and physical conditions. While stability and fish condition during early marine residence in PWS were important to year-class survival, stability of the water column that juveniles experienced as they migrated to the open waters of the GOA did not play a key role in determining survival to adulthood. Below-average stability just prior to capture within PWS combined with positive fish condition was related to increased year-class survival. Our results are similar to previous studies that concluded that slower and weaker development of strat.
Spatial differences in acquisition of soil phosphate between two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in symbiosis with Medicago truncatula

Responses of Medicago truncatula to colonization by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Scutellospora calospora isolate WUM 12(2) and Glomus caledonium isolate RIS 42, were compared in the light of previous findings that the former fungus can be ineffective as a beneficial microsymbiont with some host plants. The plants were grown individually in two-compartment systems in which a lateral side arm containing soil labelled with 33P was separated from the main soil compartment by a nylon mesh that prevented penetration by roots but not fungal hyphae. Fungal inoculum was applied as a root–soil mixture in a band opposite the side arm. Nonmycorrhizal controls were set up similarly, without inoculum. There were harvests at 28, 35, 42 and 49 d. Both sets of mycorrhizal plants grew better than nonmycorrhizal plants and initially had higher concentrations of P in shoots and roots. Plants grown with S. calospora grew better than plants grown with G. caledonium, and this was associated with somewhat greater fungal colonization in terms of intraradical hyphae and numbers of arbuscules. Scutellospora calospora formed denser hyphae at root surfaces than G. caledonium. By 28 d there were extensive hyphae of both fungi in the side arms, and after 35 d S. calospora produced denser hyphae there than G. caledonium. Nevertheless, there was very little transfer of 33P via S. calospora to the plant at 28 d, and thereafter its transfer increased at a rate only c. 33% of that via G. caledonium. The results showed that plants colonized by S. calospora preferentially obtained P from sites in the main soil chamber relatively close to the roots, compared with plants colonized by G. caledonium. Hence formation of a highly beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis does not necessarily depend on development of hyphae at a distance from the roots or on large-scale translocation of P from distant sites. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies with compartmented systems that have involved the same fungi. Possible causes of the variable effects of S. calospora in symbiosis with different host plants are briefly assessed. Differences in spatial abilities of individual arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to acquire P might have strong ecological implications for plant growth in soils low in P.
Yield- and biomass-per-recruit analysis for rotational fisheries, with an application to the Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus)

A general model for yield-per-recruit analysis of rotational (periodic) fisheries is developed and applied to the sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery of the northwest Atlantic. Rotational fishing slightly increases both yield- and biomass-per-recruit for sea scallops at FMAX. These quantities decline less quickly when fishing mortality is increased beyond FMAX than when fishing is at a constant rate. The improvement in biomass-per-recruit appears to be nearly independent of the selectivity pattern but increased size-at-entry can reduce or eliminate the yield-per-recruit advantage of rotation. Area closures and rotational fishing can cause difficulties with the use of standard spatially averaged fishing mortality metrics and reference points. The concept of temporally averaged fishing mortality is introduced as one that is more appropriate for sedentary resources when fishing mortality varies in time and space.
Ecology, status and conservation of the Red-fronted Macaw Ara rubrogenys

Summary A five-month study of the Red-fronted Macaw Ara rubrogenys, endemic to Bolivia, yielded a population estimate of 2,000–4,000 individuals. The species is resident and locally common in, but restricted to, an area in the drainage systems of the Rio Grande, Rio Mizque and northern Rio Pilcomayo. One-third of the population was composed of juveniles some three months after the end of the breeding season. During the dry season, with food apparently short, more of the day was spent feeding than during the wet season. Semi-deciduous vegetation along the rivers produced fruits and seeds that sustained the macaws during the dry season, but the conversion of such areas to arable land forces the macaw to depend for some months on crops and weeds. Local farmers consider the macaw a serious pest on maize.
Efficient Spectrum-Revealing CUR Matrix Decomposition

The CUR matrix decomposition is an important tool for low-rank matrix approximation. It approximates a data matrix though selecting a small number of columns and rows of the matrix. Those CUR algorithms with gap-dependent approximation bounds can obtain high approximation quality for matrices with good singular value spectrum decay, but they have impractically high time complexities. In this paper, we propose a novel CUR algorithm based on truncated LU factorization with an eﬃcient variant of complete pivoting. Our algorithm has gap-dependent approximation bounds on both spectral and Frobenius norms while maintaining high eﬃciency. Numerical experiments demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of our algorithm and verify our theoretical guarantees.
Decadal dynamics of tree cover in an Australian tropical savanna

Spatio-temporal variation in tropical savanna tree cover remains poorly understood. We aimed to quantify the drivers of tree cover in tropical mesic savannas in Kakadu National Park by relating changes in tree cover over 40 years to: mean annual rainfall, fire activity, initial tree cover and prior changes in tree cover. Aerial photography, acquired in 1964, 1984 and 2004, was obtained for fifty sites in Kakadu that spanned a rainfall gradient from approximately 1200 to 1600 mm.The remotely sensed estimates of tree cover were validated via field survey. Linear mixed effects modelling and multi-model inference were used to assess the strength and form of the relationships between tree cover and predictor variables. Over the 40 years, tree cover across these savannas increased on average by 4.94  0.88%, but was spatio-temporally variable.Tree cover showed a positive albeit weak trend across the rainfall gradient.The strength of this positive relationship varied over the three measurement times, and this suggests that other factors are important in controlling tree cover.Tree cover was positively related to prior tree cover, and negatively correlated with fire activity. Over 20 years tree cover was more likely to increase if (i) tree cover was initially low or (ii) had decreased in the previous 20-year interval or (iii) there had been fewer fires. Across the examined rainfall gradient, the greater variability in fire activity and inherently higher average tree cover at the wetter latitudes resulted in greater dynamism of tree cover compared with the drier latitudes.This is consistent with savanna tree cover being determined by interactions between mean annual rainfall, tree competition and frequent fire in these tropical mesic savannas.
Protective effect of atorvastatin on circadian regulation of liver marker enzymes and redox status in hyperlipidemic rats

Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats by administering 2% cholesterol, 20% coconut oil, and 0.125% cholic acid for 10 weeks. Atorvastatin (0.8 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally to rats together with high-fat diet for 10 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the circadian characteristics (acrophase, amplitude, and mesor) of liver marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transferase), lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase) were analyzed. Circadian characteristics (mesor, amplitude, and acrophase) of liver marker enzymes, TBARS, and antioxidants were altered in high-fat diet-induced rats, and the diminished amplitude along with decreased mesor levels of antioxidants were observed in high-fat diet-induced rats. Further, oral administration of atorvastatin to high-fat diet-induced rats showed the normalized mesor, amplitude, and acrophase. These findings suggest that the antihyperlipidemic potential of atorvastatin could modulate the circadian patterns of liver marker enzymes and redox status in hyperlipidemic rats.
Estimates of Elk Summer Range Nutritional Carrying Capacity Constrained by Probabilities of Habitat Selection

Abstract We used habitat-selection data from a reintroduced population of elk (Cervus elaphus) in northeastern Nevada, USA, to develop a resource-selection function to adjust nutritional carrying capacity estimates. Constrained estimates provide population levels that minimize overuse of key foraging communities. We estimated economic nutritional carrying capacity (INCC) for 236-kg lactating cow elk in autumn 1999 and 2000 to reflect expected animal performance under maintenance (2,550 kcal/kg DM) and good (2,750 kcal/kg DM) levels of standing digestible energy. We used our resource-selection function to redistribute INCC densities (RSFD) for aspen (Populus tremuloides), conifer, curl-leaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius), sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)–herb, and snowbrush ceanothus (Ceanothus velutinus) cover types across the summer range and then adjusted original INCC estimates according to these RSFD when expected densities exceeded original INCC estimates. Maintenance performance INCC estimates were 2,533 cow elk (95% CI: 1,327–3,739) in 1999 and 1,655 (95% CI: 886–2,424) in 2000. Good performance INCC estimates were 2,264 cow elk (95% CI: 1,150–3,378) in 1999 and 1,100 (95% CI: 384–1,816) in 2000. The best habitat model provided evidence that forage availability and distance to water influenced habitat selection. Adjustments in INCC for 1999 and 2000 and at both performance levels corresponded to decreases of 18–35% in original INCC estimates. Decreases were attributed to more cow elk predicted by RSFD to be in aspen, conifer, and sagebrush–herb cover types than predicted by INCC. Each year, RSFD predicted that fewer elk would use mahogany and snowbrush cover types than original INCC models. The adjusted carrying capacity estimates provided population levels that should avoid appreciable alteration of aspen, conifer, and sagebrush–herb communities while ensuring nutritious resources during lean periods. Our paper provides a critical refinement for nutritional carrying capacity models through incorporating prediction of animal selection of nutritional resources.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG YIELD COMPONENTS AND SELECTION CRITERIA FOR YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN WINTER RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS L.)

Twenty-five winter type rapeseed varieties introduced from diverse sources of the world were studied for variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path analysis of seed yield and yield components. Significant differences among genotypes for most of the traits indicated that there is sufficient variability available to have an effective selection. Genotypic and phenotypic variances were highest for pods/plant followed by plant height, whereas the maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were found in seed yield/plant and pods/plant, respectively. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged from very low to high. Maximum heritability of 0.903 was obtained for days to maturity followed by flower duration (0.662), seed weight (0.548) and seed yield (0.477). High heritability for flower duration, seed weight and seed yield coupled with high genetic advance indicated that these traits could be improved through mass selection. Positive and significant correlation was found between seed yield and harvest index, seed weight and flower duration. Significant and positive correlation of seed weight with harvest index, flower duration and seed yield indicated that improvement in seed weight will give higher harvest index ultimately resulting high seed yield. Harvest index, seed weight and pods/plant have shown a considerable direct positive effect on seed yield. Positive direct effect of seed weight and harvest index associated with significant and positive correlation with seed yield suggested that these yield components may be a good selection criteria to improve seed yield of winter type rapeseeds.