Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Artocarpus altilis fruit based-diet on liver and kidney function indices on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase alarmingly in spite of years of intensive research. The need to explore alternative therapy such dietary and phytotherapy has been gaining attention in the management/treatment of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: The present research work was carried out to investigate the biochemical indices in the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed with Artocarpus altilis fruit based-diet. METHODS: Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg) in albino rats. A total of thirty two albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were grouped into four; control (non-diabetic rat), diabetic untreated rats, diabetic rats administered with metformin daily and diabetic rats fed with Artocarpus altilis fruit based-diet groups. Biochemical indices in the serum, liver and kidney were determined. RESULTS: The results shows significant (P < 0.05) decrease in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea, creatinine and lipid peroxidation of diabetic fed with Artocarpus altilis fruit based-diet. Also diabetic rats fed with Artocarpus altilis fruit based-diet demonstrated significant increase (p < 0.05) in albumin and total protein concentrations as well as antioxidant enzymes activities when compared with diabetic untreated rats and diabetic rats administered with metformin daily. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study demonstrated that consumption of Artocarpus altilis fruit based-diet may ameliorate the liver and kidney function indices of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Physical Activity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Ethnicity

Diabetes is a major public health problem that affects certain ethnicities disproportionately. Physical activity (PA) (exercise) is a key component necessary for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Adults with and without diabetes may face challenges that interfere with following exercise recommendations. This article reviews the relationships among PA, race/ethnicity, behaviors, and health outcomes of adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The authors review recent cross-sectional and intervention studies and assess their relevance to clinical practice. This is a focused review of the literature from January 2010 to September 2012 on the relationship among PA, type 2 diabetes, and race/ ethnicity with respect to the following components: (1) PA and the likelihood of persons with prediabetes developing diabetes; (2) PA and improvements in health outcomes of persons with prediabetes; (3) PA and improvements in health outcomes of persons with type 2 diabetes; and (4) enablers of and barriers to PA for persons with type 2 diabetes. The initiation of effective PA programs designed to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes or improve diabetes outcomes rely on a critical interpretation of current research findings.
Exploration of delivering brief interventions in a prison setting: A qualitative study in one English region

Abstract Aims: There is evidence that alcohol is strongly correlated with offending. This qualitative study explored the views of staff on the efficacy of alcohol brief interventions within a prison setting. The perceptions of prisoners in relation to non-dependent drinking were also examined. Methods: Nine prisons in one English region took part in this research. Five focus groups with 25 prisoners were undertaken with prisoners alongside focus group discussions with 30 professionals. Discussions were recorded using shorthand notation and the main themes were thematically mapped using visual mapping techniques. Findings: The use of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was perceived as problematic. Prisoner drinking norms differed widely from community consumption patterns. There were also operational issues that reduced the salience of a brief intervention for prisoners. Conclusions: The delivery of screening and brief interventions within a prison setting is highly nuanced and fraught with inconsistencies. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities to develop coherent and tailored brief interventions for a custodial environment that should focus on developing three key areas around: (a) interventions for the point of release; (b) enhanced content around family impact and offending; and (c) forward-looking goal-setting as motivational tools to facilitate change.
Rising serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels after weight loss in obese women correlate with improvement in insulin resistance

Abstract The objective of the study was to examine changes of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD) and PTH blood levels 4 and 20 wk after low-calorie diet-induced weight loss. Forty-four obese women [aged 40.6 +/11.4 yr, body mass index (BMI) 36.7 +/4.9 kg/m(2)] and 25 controls (BMI 22.9 +/1.5 kg/m(2)) were examined. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters and 25OHD and PTH levels were determined at baseline and 4 and 20 wk after a low-calorie diet. At baseline, 25OHD levels were lower in obese compared with control subjects (17 +/6.0 vs. 23.8 +/8.7 ng/ml, P < 0.001), whereas no differences were found in PTH levels. In all women, a negative correlation was found between 25OHD levels and body weight (BW) (r -0.32, P < 0.001), BMI (r -0.37, P < 0.001), waist circumference (r -0.26, P < 0.05), and percent fat mass (r -0.38, P = 0.001) as determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The 4-wk low-calorie diet (n = 37) reduced BW and led to significant improvements in the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index and lipid levels. The 20-wk low-calorie diet (n = 26) resulted in reduction of BW and BMI by 10%, HOMA index (4.7 +/3.8 vs. 3.10 +/1.7, P < 0.01), and lipids levels (except high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and increase in 25OHD (15.4 +/6.0 vs. 18.3 +/5.1 ng/ml, P < 0.05), compared with baseline. PTH levels were unchanged. The increase of 25OHD levels was associated with the reduction of insulin levels and HOMA index (r -0.43, P < 0.05). Blood 25OHD levels were low in obese women and correlated inversely with severity measures of obesity. Weight loss of 10% after low-calorie diet increased 25OHD levels, and this increase was mainly associated with improvement of insulin resistance.
Balance Confidence and Standing Balance Performance among Stroke Survivors with Hemiparesis.

Prevention of falls is a major concern in the rehab ilitation of stroke survivors. Therefore factors th at may influence balance confidence (BC) and balance p erformance (BP) need adequate investigation with aim of reducing activity limitation through compreh ensive and realistic rehabilitative management. The study investigated the relationship between some an thropometric and clinical factors and balance confidence and standing balance performance in stro ke survivors with hemiparesis. Fifty stroke survivors, 9 females and 41 males receiving physiot herapy at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex were involved in this st udy. Their ages ranged from 34 to 76 years with mean of 58.74±93. Height and weight were measured u sing standard procedures, Quadriceps femoris muscle strength was measured using adapted cable te nsiometer and active range of angular motion at the knees was measured using universal goniometer. Modified Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale was used to assess the patients Balance Confi dence and functional Reach Test were used to assess standing balance performance. Results showe d that BC had no significant correlation with age, duration of morbidity, height, weight, and range of motion of the unaffected knee joint. However the re were significant correlations between the BC and ra nge of motion of the affected knee joints (P<0.05) and quadriceps femoris strength of the affected lim b (P<0.05). and the quadriceps femoris strength of the unaffected limb (P<0.05). Standing balance perfo rmance had significant correlation with balance confidence only (r=0.318, p<0.05) and not with any other factors. Regression analysis showed that the range of motion of the affected knee joint and the quadriceps femoris strength of the affected limb we re the viable predictors of balance confidence. It was concluded that the ROM of their affected knee join ts and the quadriceps femoris strength of both lower l imbs could serve as determinant of balance confidence. Asides other rehabilitative adjuncts, t heir rehabilitative improvement would augment balance confidence of ambulant stroke survivors.
Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection in Pregnant Women in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus and the transmission occurs from mother to child, by sexual contact or by blood transfusion. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence ratio of HTLV infection in a group of 389 pregnant women attending at Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The specimens were screened for HTLV antibodies by ELISA and reactive samples were submitted to a Western Blot (WB) for confirmation. Detection of HTLV-I provirus in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and breast milk mononuclear cells (BMMC) from the seropositive women, was performed by PCR using primers for LTR, tax, pol regions. Of the 389 pregnant women tested, four (1%) were HTLV-I seropositive and three were indeterminate in the WB. PCR was done in three of the seropositive cases and HTLV-I provirus was detected in PBMC and BMMC from two of them. Three blood samples (0.8%) that presented WB indeterminate patterns, were negative by PCR. Our data indicate that the frequency of HTLV-I infection among pregnant women is relatively high in Rio de Janeiro and that preventive measures against the vertical transmission of the virus must be adopted in Brazil. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1. 35
The Relationship between Treatment Intention and Compliance in Newly Detected Hypertensive Patients

Objectives : To analyse the psychosocial factors associated with hypertension management(drug treatment and life style modification) of newly detected cases and to understand and assess their behavioral intention or behaviors. Methods : The survey area was a combined urban and rural area in Chungnam province, Korea, and the sampling method was cluster sampling. Study subjects included 541 newly detected cases of hypertension rated above stage 2 by JNC-VI from a community survey. The first survey was applied to 383 of these patients in order to discern their psychosocial characteristics. A follow-up survey was given to 345 persons with an 11-month interval following monthly telephone counseling concerning medication and life style modification by trained nurses. The final study subjects for analysis comprised 271 persons after excluding cases of incomplete data and change of address. Results : Among the 85(33.2%) new patients who had intended to undergo drug treatment, 30(35.3%) persons were treated with antihypertensive agent after 11 - month interval, while among the patients with no intention to receive treatment, only 36(21.1%) persons were treated. Hypertensive patients with a high intention score revealed a high score in life style modification compliance as well. Seventy three percent of the variance of behavioral intention to undergo hypertension management was explained by the patients attitude toward performing the behavior and subjective norm associated with behaviors related to the theory of reasoned action in structural modeling. Actual behaviors related positively with behavioral intention. The coefficient of determination was 0.255. Conclusion : Improving the compliance level of hypertensive patients in respect to drug treatment or life style modification requires a build up of positive behavioral intention, and caregivers must pay more attention to eventually converting behavioral intention to actual behaviors.
An Association Research of Adiponectin Gene SNP45 T/G Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To study the relationship between the adiponectin gene SNP45T/G polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mel- litus.Methods:PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the SNP45T/G polymorphism of the adiponectin gene in 479 samples.Height, weight,blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were measured in all subjects.Results:There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls.Conclusion:Type 2 diabetes mellitus may be little associated with APM1 gene SNP45T/G polymorphism in Hubei Han people.
Short-term outcomes of cementless modular endoprostheses in lower extremity reconstruction

Background Modular endoprostheses can be used to reconstruct large osseous defects resulting from tumor resection, trauma, revision arthroplasty, or other causes. They historically have used polymethylmethacrylate cement for fixation to host bone. Newer designs incorporating stems that use cementless bone-ingrowth surfaces have become available, but it is not clear how these compare with cemented designs. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated at our institutions who have had endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal femur, distal femur, or proximal tibia using cementless fixation and a single-stem type. The primary outcome was considered to be loosening or reoperation. Thirty-seven cementless modular endoprostheses were implanted in as a subset of endoprostheses used for reconstruction from 2002 through 2007. The decision to use cementless implants and particular stem choice was made by the primary surgeon based upon patient age, diagnosis, prognosis, bone quality, and surgeon experience. Results Twenty-two distal femoral, 12 proximal tibial, and two proximal femoral prostheses were implanted, as well as one combined distal femoral and proximal tibial prosthesis, all with the same stem and technique. Kaplan Meier estimated implant survival was 89% at 4 years. Three patients developed loosening of their prosthesis that required revision. There were no periprosthetic fractures or implant breakage in our study. Conclusions We demonstrated good short-term outcome of cementless fixation for modular endoprostheses with straight 127-mm stem. The complication rate was relatively low similar to previously reported results of cemented implants.
Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia King Abdul Aziz University Hospital: A Five Year Experience

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks first in males and third in females among all cancers in Saudi Arabia. Its frequency of diagnosis has increased significantly over the past ten years. Genetic and environmental factors may have played important roles in the increase in CRC incidence in Saudi Arabia. Using a retrospective study, we studied all patients diagnosed with CRC by endoscopy at King Abdul Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. For each patient, we collected demographic data, endoscopic findings, hemoglobin results, CEA levels at diagnosis, radiological findings and methods of treatment offered. We included 177 patients in the final analysis. The sample comprised mostly males 103 (58.2%), and 72 (40.0%) were Saudis. The mean age was 56.6±SD 13.3 years old. Male patients were older than female patients (P=.046). Approximately onethird of all patients were younger than 50 years old (50 patients). Most of the patients 164 (92.7%) had a single lesion on the left side rectum (52, 29.4), sigmoid (41,23.2%) and rectosigmoid (46, 26%). We reported lymph node involvement in 90 (50.8%) patients and distant metastasis (DM) in 50 (28.2%) patients. The carcinoembryonic antigen was higher in patients with DM P <. 001. A total of 168 patients received chemotherapy or had a hemicolectomy for the tumor. We reported tumor recurrence in 27 (15.3%) patients. The mean survival was 4.832±. 44 years. In conclusion, the diagnosis and prevalence of CRC is increasing in Saudi Arabia. As such, CRC screening programs are recommended for both the prevention and early detection of CRC.
The Impact of Phagocyte-UPEC Interactions Upon Pathogenesis of Urinary Tract Infections

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are considered to be the most common bacterial infection and account for a large degree of medical expenditures in the United States. UPEC possess numerous strategies to evade the innate immune system including: suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, invasion into bladder epithelial cells, development of intracellular bacterial communities, and filamentation. Filamentation, growth in the absence of cell division, has been shown to be essential for UPEC pathogenesis in a murine cystitis model. Furthermore, filamentous Gram-negative uropathogens have been identified in the urines of women with cystitis. Filamentous UPEC promote bacterial persistence within the urinary tract by contributing to the development of additional rounds of intracellular infection and the formation of a quiescent intracellular reservoir. However, the mechanism(s) by which filamentous UPEC are elicited and evade phagocytic killing remain unknown. Here we determined that shape-based inhibition of phagocytosis is one of the main mechanisms whereby UPEC is able to evade phagocytic uptake and destruction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that co-culture of UPEC with murine phagocytes (bone-marrow derived macrophages, peritoneal neutrophils, peritoneal macrophages, and RAW 264.7 cells) and the human cathelicidin, LL-37, are sufficient to elicit UPEC filamentation in vitro. Also, we determined that several two component systems (PhoPQ, PmrAB,
A Case With Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Having E117K Mutation: Is This a Polymorphism? or Mutation?

Ebru Yılmaz1*, Nida Dinçel2, Gözde Gözüolu3, Kadriye Özdemir4, Afig Berdeli4 and Sevgi Mir4 1Behcet Uz Children Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey 2Ankara Children Health and Research Hematology Oncology Education Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 3Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Turkey 4Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Turkey
Community pharmacy interventions for public health priorities: a systematic review of community pharmacy-delivered smoking, alcohol and weight management interventions

Background Community pharmacists can deliver health care advice at an opportunistic level, related to prescription or non-prescription medicines and as part of focused services designed to reduce specific risks to health. Obesity, smoking and excessive alcohol intake are three of the most significant modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality in the UK, and interventions led by community pharmacists, aimed at these three risk factors, have been identified by the government as public health priorities. In 2008, the Department of Health for England stated that ‘a sound evidence base that demonstrates how pharmacy delivers effective, high quality and value for money services is needed’; this systematic review aims to respond to this requirement.
Pasteurization

Pasteurization is still in its infancy in India, the vast majority of the people being content with boiled milk which, in spite of its keeping qualities and distinct flavour, suffers from the disadvantage of having lost some of its nutritive value owing to excessive heating. In cities, where the milk supply is at present in very unsatisfactory state, the demand for pasteurized milk is growing, and it is probable that this demand will increase in future. The process aims at destroying harmful organisms, while retaining the nutritive value of milk. Those who desire enlightenment on the subject will find Mr. Hill's book very practical. In the first three chapters, he discusses the necessity for pasteurization and answers the criticisms of those who
Sbeach, Numerical Model for Simulating Storm-Induced Beach Change: Report 1: Empirical Foundation and Model Development

Abstract : A two-dimensional numerical model is presented for calculating dune and beach erosion produced by storm waves and water levels. The empirically based model was first developed from a large data set of net cross-shore sand transport rates and geomorphic change observed in large wave tanks, then verified using high-quality field data. The aim is to reproduce macroscale features of the beach profile, with focus on the formation and movement of longshore bars. The ultimate goal is prediction of storm-induced beach erosion and post-storm recovery. Bars are simulated satisfactorily, but berm processes are less well reproduced, due in part to a lack of data for defining accretionary wave and profile processes. A new criterion is developed for predicting erosion and accretion, and the model uses this criterion to calculate net sand transport rates in four regions of the nearshore extending from deep water to the limit of wave runup. Wave height and setup across the profile are calculated to obtain the net cross-shore sand transport rate. The model is driven by engineering data, with main inputs of time series of wave height and period in deep water, time series of water level, median beach grain size, and initial profile shape. Comprehensive sensitivity testing is performed, and example applications are made to evaluate the response of the profile to the presence of a vertical seawall and behavior of different beach fill cross sections in adjustment to normal and storm wave action. Keywords: Accretion; Cross shore sand transport; Dune erosion; Longshore bars.
Patients’ Cardiac Self-Efficacy After Coronary Artery Angioplasty

Background: The patients undergoing coronary artery angioplasty should be motivated to adhere to lifestyle modifications. One of the factors affecting this issue is cardiac self-efficacy. Cardiac self-efficacy motivates individuals to select a lifestyle related to their cardiovascular diseases through creating the desire to adjust with such behaviors. Objectives: The current research aimed to determine the cardiac self-efficacy predictors after coronary artery angioplasty. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 193 patients undergoing coronary artery angioplasty in Dr. Heshmat educational therapeutic center were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected by a questionnaire consisted of two sections, including socio-demographic factors and cardiac self-efficacy after oral consent of the subjects. Then data were analyzed via descriptive (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson, ANOVA and independent t-test). To define cardiac self-efficacy predictors, multi-linear regression model was applied. Results: Based on the obtained results, the mean age of subjects was 58.35 � 9.97 years, the majority were male (60.6%) and the underlying diseases history (57.5%) and the mean time interval between repeated angioplasty was 17.48 � 25.2 months. Also the mean score of cardiac self-efficacy among these patients was 8.43�4.5. Also, based on the results of the statistical tests, there was a significant relationship between age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.024), education (P < 0.0001), hypertension history (P = 0.006), living conditions (P = 0.03), job (P = 0.001) and monthly income (P = 0.003) with cardiac self-efficacy. As the multi-linear regression test results suggested, age was the only cardiac self-efficacy predictor. Conclusions: The current study results implied low cardiac self-efficacy score in the study units; then it isrecommendedto consider care plans to improve the cardiac self-efficacy.