Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Group Signal Transformation Efficiency for Earth Remote Sensing Systems

In energy-deficient systems, such as satellite systems for remote sensing, the issue of reducing power consumption is especially relevant. The group signal transformation has shown high efficiency in reducing the dynamic range of transmitted highly correlated signals. Such signals include, for example, signals for object positioning or multispectral analysis obtained from remote sensing devices. In the present work, the estimation of bit error rate depending on the signal-to-noise ratio and compression level of the original signals was carried out. In this research, we used the model based on the ESP32 microcontroller. We obtained the analog light sensors (photoresistors) connected to the controller to obtain highly correlated signals. The calculations of the bit error rate show that compression of the dynamic range of the transmitted signals two times, and, consequently, reduction of the transmission energy, weakly affects the error rate. However, a further increase in the compression level leads to a sharp increase.
Amorphous ferri-aluminosilicates in soils developed on different landforms in lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam

Five soils developed on lower piedmont plain (P1: Ruptic-Ultic Dystrudepts), alluvial fan plain (P2: Aquic Udipsamments), alluvial plain (P3: Umbric Dystrudepts), flood plain (P4: Oxyaquic Udifluvents) and monadnock (P5: Typic Hapludults) in lower Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam were studied for amorphous ferri-aluminosilicates (AFAS). The amount of AFAS in clay fraction of soils varied from 10.1–38.1 per cent with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 1.13. 2and SiO2/R2O3 ratio of 1.0–2.7. The highest amount of AFAS (30.7–38.2%) was found in soils developed on monadnock (P5) and the lowest amount (10.1–12.4%) in soils developed on piedmont plain (P1). The Bt horizons contained the highest amount of amorphous material within the profile. The major portion of AFAS was composed of tetrahedral Si3AlO6(OH)4 component followed by octahedral Al(OH)2.5 and FeOOH components. The hydroxyl water content of the amorphous material lies in the range of 16.4 to 21.1 per cent with an average of 18.5 per cent. The variation of hydroxyl water content was very narrow (18.1–18.4%) in more developed soils (Typic Hapludults) on monadnock.
On the motion of liquid in a spheroidal cavity of a precessing rigid body

The flow set up in an oblate cavity of a precessing rigid body is examined under the assumptions that the ellipticity of the spheroidal boundary of the fluid is large compared with Ω/ω and that the boundary-layer thickness is small compared with the deviations of the boundary from sphericity (ω is the angular velocity of the rigid body about the axis of symmetry, Ω is the angular velocity with which this axis precesses). The motion of the fluid is found by considering an initial-value problem in which the axis of rotation of the spheroid is impulsively moved at a time t = 0; before that time this axis is supposed to be fixed in space, the fluid and envelope turning about it as a solid body. The solution is divided into a steady motion and transients, and, by evaluating the effects of the viscous boundary layer, the transients are shown to decay with time. The steady motion which remains consists of a primary rigid-body rotation with the envelope, superimposed on which is a circulation with constant vorticity in planes perpendicular to ω × (ω × Ω), the streamlines being similarly situated ellipses. The possible effects of the luni-solar precession on the fluid motions in the Earth's core are discussed.
Angular momentum in general relativity. II. Perturbations of a rotating black hole

The definition of angular momentum proposed in part I of this series is investigated when applied to rotating black holes. It is shown how to use the formula to evaluate the angular momentum of a stationary black hole. This acts as a description of a background space on which the effect of first matter and then gravitational perturbations is considered. The latter are of most interest and the rate of change of angular momentum, dJ/dt, is found as an expression in the shear induced in the event horizon by the perturbation and in its time integral. Teukolsky’s solutions for the perturbed component Ψ0 of the Weyl tensor are then used to find this shear and hence to give an exact answer for dJ/dt. One of the implications of the result is a direct verification of Bekenstein’s formula relating in a simple way the rate of change of angular momentum to the rate of change of mass caused by a plane wave. A more general expression is also given for dM/dt. Considering only stationary perturbations, it is shown how to generalize the definition of angular momentum so as to include information about its direction as well. Three problems are particularly discussed-a single moon, two or more moons and a ring of matter causing the perturbation - since they provide illustrations of all the main features of the black hole’s behaviour. In every case it is found that the black hole realigns its axis of rotation so that the final configuration is axisymmetric if possible; otherwise it slows down completely to reach a static state. This is entirely in agreement with Hawking’s theorem that a stationary black hole must be either static or axisymmetric.
Towards geometrical calibration of x-ray computed tomography systems—a review

Industrial x-ray computed tomography (XCT) is seen as a potentially effective tool for the industrial inspection of complex parts. In particular, XCT is an attractive solution for the measurement of internal geometries, which are inaccessible by conventional coordinate measuring systems. While the technology is available and the benefits are recognized, methods to establish the measurement assurance of XCT systems are lacking. More specifically, the assessment of measurement uncertainty and the subsequent establishment of measurement traceability is a largely unknown process. This paper is a review of research that contributes to the development of a geometrical calibration procedure for XCT systems. A brief introduction to the geometry of cone-beam tomography systems is given, after which the geometrical influence factors are outlined. Mathematical measurement models play a significant role in understanding how geometrical offsets and misalignments contribute to error in measurements; therefore, the application of mathematical models in simulating geometrical errors is discussed and the corresponding literature is presented. Then, the various methods that have been developed to measure certain geometrical errors are reviewed. The findings from this review are discussed and suggestions are provided for future work towards the development of a comprehensive and practical geometrical calibration procedure.
Explicit structures of three-dimensional hypersurface purely elliptic singularities of type(0,1)

In this paper, we give an explicit description of a certain class of singularities of algebraic varieties of dimension greater than or equal to two using toric geometry. Singularities appearing in an algebraic variety which is a closed subset in an affine space $C^{n}$ for some positive integer $n$ defined by a regular function on C’ is called hypersurface singularities, which we will investigate in the following sections. Especially, our subject is investigating so-called hypersurface purely elliptic singularities. Watanabe [18] introduced the notion of purely elliptic singularities. In twodimensional case, the notion of purely elliptic singularities is equivalent to that of cusps and simple elliptic singularities. Cusps are characterized as normal twodimensional singularities the exceptional sets of whose minimal resolutions are circles of rational curves and appears, for example, in Hilbert modular surfaces, while simple elliptic singularities are characterized as two-dimensional normal singularities the exceptional sets of whose minimal resolutions consist of nonsingular elliptic curves. These two-dimensional purely elliptic singularities are much investigated by many researchers. We already know due to Ishii, Watanabe and other researchers that in three-dimensional Gorenstein purely elliptic singularities, some analogies of twodimensional cases hold. For example, Ishii-Watanabe [9] defined a simple $K3$ singularity to be a normal Gorenstein isolated singularity of which the exceptional set of Q-factorial terminal modification consists of a normal $K3$ surface, of course which is an analogy of simple elliptic singularities in two-dimensional cases. And simple $K3$ singularities are three-dimensional purely elliptic singularities.
Order Invariant Evaluation of Multivariate Density Forecasts

We derive new tests for proper calibration of multivariate density forecasts based on Rosenblatt probability integral transforms. These tests have the advantage that they i) do not depend on the ordering of variables in the forecasting model, ii) are applicable to densities of arbitrary dimensions, and iii) have superior power relative to existing approaches. We furthermore develop adjusted tests that allow for estimated parameters and, consequently, can be used as in-sample specification tests. We demonstrate the problems of existing tests and how our new approaches can overcome those using Monte Carlo Simulation as well as two applications based on multivariate GARCH-based models for stock market returns and on a macroeconomic Bayesian vectorautoregressive model.
Airline Passenger Satisfaction Prediction Using Novel Hybrid Random Forest Model Comparison with K-Nearest Neighbour Model

The objective of this study was to analyze the passenger satisfaction questionnaire using existing machine learning algorithms and methods, in this case, KNN, and compare their performance with the model. Random Forest Novel Hybrid. 50 samples were taken for this analysis with two groups of 25 samples each. Group 1 uses a hybrid random forest model and group 2 uses K-nearest neighbor (KNN). Through the workflow of this study, the dataset was imported using the Kaggle engine and trained with the Novel Hybrid Random Forest algorithm using Jupiter Notebook. The sample size was calculated from values obtained in previous studies using an online statistical tool with a pre-test power of 95% and an alpha value of 0.016
Searching for Network Width With Bilaterally Coupled Network

Searching for a more compact network width recently serves as an effective way of channel pruning for the deployment of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) under hardware constraints. To fulfil the searching, a one-shot supernet is usually leveraged to efficiently evaluate the performance w.r. t. different network widths. However, current methods mainly follow a unilaterally augmented (UA) principle for the evaluation of each width, which induces the training unfairness of channels in supernet. In this article, we introduce a new supernet called Bilaterally Coupled Network (BCNet) to address this issue. In BCNet, each channel is fairly trained and responsible for the same amount of network widths, thus each network width can be evaluated more accurately. Besides, we propose to reduce the redundant search space and present the BCNetV2 as the enhanced supernet to ensure rigorous training fairness over channels. Furthermore, we leverage a stochastic complementary strategy for training the BCNet, and propose a prior initial population sampling method to boost the performance of the evolutionary search. We also propose a new open-source width search benchmark on macro structures named Channel-Bench-Macro for the better comparisons of the width search algorithms with MobileNet- and ResNet-like architectures. Extensive experiments on the benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method can achieve state-of-the-art performance.
EARTH’S ROTATIONAL DECELERATION: DETERMINATION OF TIDAL FRICTION INDEPENDENT OF TIMESCALES

This paper determines Earth's rotational deceleration without relying on atomic or ephemeris timescales. Earth's rotation defines the civil time standard called Universal Time (UT). Our previous paper did not examine tidal friction in depth when analyzing the timescale divergence between UT and International Atomic Time (TAI). We examine all available paleontological fossils and deposits for the direct measurements of Earth's past rotation rates, because that record includes all contributing effects. We examine paleontological reports that date Earth's rotation rate using corals, bivalves, brachiopods, rhythmites, and stromatolites. Contributions that vary Earth's moment of inertia, such as continental plate drifts, coastline changes, ice age formations, and viscous glacial rebounds, are superimposed with the secular deceleration. The average deceleration of Earth's rotation rate from all available fossil data is found to be (5.969 ± 1.762) × 10−7 rad yr−2. Our value is 99.8% of the total rotational deceleration determined by Christodoulidis et al., who used artificial satellite data, and our value is 96.6% of the expected tidal friction value obtained by Stephenson and Morrison. Taking the derivative of conserved angular momentum, the predicted lunar orbital deceleration caused by the average rotational deceleration corresponds closely to lunar models. When evaluating the significant time gaps between UT and TAI, Earth's rotational deceleration is a minor contributing factor. Also, the secular deceleration rate is necessary to correctly date ancient astronomical events. We strongly encourage that more ocean paleontological evidence be found to supplement the record to separate the many periodic variations embedded in these data.
Automatic Irony and Sarcasm Detection in Russian Sentences: Baseline Methods

The paper describes experiments performed on two sets of manually annotated data. The task of irony and sarcasm detection in Russian sentences was solved using baseline classifiers, i. e. , BERT, Bi-LSTM, SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression. The best achieved F1-score for each classifier was 0.76, 0.73, 0.66, 0.64, 0.68 respectively. The results achieved by BERT and Bi-LSTM classifiers are comparable with the results from the articles describing the application of similar approaches for English language. Analysis of the results allowed to conclude that transferring the word context improves classification metrics and refinement of training data allows to improve the classifier's performance.
Emerging Applications for IEC 61850 in Process Industry Power Distribution Systems

Applications for the usage of IEC 61850 in the industrial sector and process-based industries are emerging with products, technologies, and engineering practices. This emergence has enabled the "digitization" of the protection and controls schemes for industrial power distribution systems. Utility markets around the globe have been embracing and expanding this IEC standard to transform the current state of the legacy grid into the envisioned Smart Grid. The industrial sector has the desire to achieve real-time acquisition of data, communication and automatic control of the power system, integration of all types of components, high-availability of protection and control systems, and the interoperability of various intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and other networkable devices. The techniques discussed in this paper accomplish such goals, thereby modernizing existing industrial Distributed Control Systems (DCS). A framework using IEC 61850 standards is an ideal means of realizing the future "Industrial Smart Grid. "
Style-constrained Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy Classifier

Due to the excellent interpretability and classification performance, the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy classifier (TSK-FC) has drawn great attention. However, different patterns own their respective homogeneities, and the samples from different groups present explicitly or implicitly homogenous styles, which are significantly different from the assumption that all samples from different groups are identically and independently distributed (i.i.d.). In this paper, a style-constrained Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy classifier called SC-TSK-FC is proposed by breaking the i.i. d. assumption. To explore the styles of data, a series of style matrices are embedded into the objective function of the TSK-FC. Besides, with the introduction of the regularization term corresponding to each style matrix, the nuances between different styles of data can be captured, which can help improve the classification performance of SC-TSK-FC. Particularly, five fixed fuzzy partitions with interpretable linguistic terms are adopted to along each input feature, and SC-TSK-FC outperforms TSKFC by using less fuzzy rules. These guarantee the interpretability of SC-TSK-FC. Experimental results on some benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SC-TSK-FC.
Angular Momentum and Temperature Homogenization in the Symmetric Circulation of the Atmosphere.

Abstract The axisymmetric model of the Hadley circulation can be systematically reduced in the limit of small Rossby number to a simpler one-dimensional system. The reduced system governs the nonlinear evolution of the surface angular momentum and the vertically averaged potential temperature. The meridional transports of heat and angular momentum take the form of downgradient nonlinear diffusion, which acts to homogenize laterally the angular momentum and the potential temperature within the meridional Hadley cells. The diffusivities for both quantities are proportional to the square of the latitudinal gradient of potential temperature. The reduced system is amenable to analytic exploration and allows the explicit determination of the extent and strength of the meridional circulation in terms of the parameters of the problem, such as the Rossby number, the stratification imposed by the radiative–convective equilibrium, and the surface drag. The reduced system also shows that surface easterlies at the equ.
A Survey on Routing Algorithms and Techniques Used to Improve Network Performance in Software-Defined Networking

The growth of network infrastructure over the years, including the increasing number of devices and users connecting to networks, the increasing complexity of network environments, and the need for more flexible and efficient network management, has led to the emergence of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) as a feasible means of support. SDN is a networking approach that uses software to abstract, manage, and control the network infrastructure. In SDN, the control plane, which determines how data is routed through the network, is separated from the data plane, which forwards the traffic. This separation allows the control plane to be more flexible and programmable, enabling administrators to easily configure and manage the network using the software. There are several routing algorithms and techniques that can be used to improve network performance in Software-Defined Networking. Shortest Path Routing is a common routing algorithm along with Segment Routing and may be capable of speeding up the network's overall performance by decreasing the time it takes for traffic to reach its destination. Load Balancing is a technique that involves distributing traffic across multiple resources, such as servers or network devices, to optimize the use of resources and improve the performance of the network. For this, there exist several techniques such as Round Robin and Ant Colony Optimization. Another such technique used to optimize the use of resources and improve the overall performance of the network is Traffic Engineering - where software is used to route traffic through the network based on various criteria, such as the type of traffic, the source, and destination of the traffic, or the current load on the network. There have been numerous studies in these fields investigating the feasibility of novel systems and solutions that have been proposed for improving network performance. This paper goes into the methodologies followed for these systems and the impacts they have had on generating increments in network performance.
Mixed-membership community detection via line graph curvature

Community detection is a classical method for understanding the structure of relational data. In this paper, we study the problem of identifying mixed-membership community structure. We argue that it is beneficial to perform this task on the line graph , which can be constructed from an input graph by encoding the relationship between its edges. Here, we propose a curvature-based algorithm for mixed-membership community detection on the line graph. Our algorithm implements a discrete Ricci curvature flow under which the edge weights of a graph evolve to reveal its community structure. We demonstrate the performance of our approach in a series of benchmark experiments
Risk Bounds on Aleatoric Uncertainty Recovery

Quantifying aleatoric uncertainty is a challenging task in machine learning. It is important for decision making associated with data-dependent uncertainty in model outcomes. Recently, many empirical studies in modeling aleatoric uncertainty under regression settings primarily rely on either a Gaussian likelihood or moment matching. However, the performance of these methods varies for different datasets whereas discussions on their theoretical guarantees are lacking. In this work, we investigate the theoretical aspects of these approaches and establish risk bounds for their estimates. We provide conditions that are sufficient to guarantee the PAC-learnability of the aleatoric uncertainty. The study suggests that the likelihood-and moment matching-based methods enjoy different types of guarantee in their risk bounds, i.e., they calibrate different aspects of the uncertainty and thus exhibit distinct properties in different regimes of the parameter space. Finally, we conduct empirical study which shows promising re-sults and supports our theorems.
Assessment of brucella infection status in abattoir workers and animals destined for slaughter at Dodoma modern abattoir, Tanzania

Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis of serious public health and an obstacle to food safety and security and, socio-economic development in most African countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in abattoir workers and animals destined for slaughter; molecular characterization of Brucella species; and assess risk factors, knowledge, awareness and practices associated with transmission of human brucellosis at an abattoir setting. A total of 452 serum samples; 190, 200 and 62 from cattle, goats and humans, respectively were collected in animals and workers at Dodoma modern abattoir, Tanzania. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle, goats and abattoir workers was 7.3%, 1.5% and 1.6%, respectively based on Rose Bengal Plate Test. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data for assessing the knowledge, awareness and practices as well as risk factors related to brucellosis exposure at the abattoir. Knowledge, awareness coupled with adherence to biosafety measures such as wearing protective gears minimizes significantly the risks of human exposure to brucellosis. On molecular characterization of Brucella species, an amplicon with 731 base pairs (bp) which is from B. melitensis was detected in one person working in the abattoir. The low prevalence of human brucellosis at the abattoir may be attributed to the institution of biosafety measures and training of the workers. Therefore more education on the disease to farmers, abattoir workers and general public as well as instituting control measures at the farm level and biosafety measures at abattoir setting is needed.