Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sharing is Not Always Caring: Delving Into Personal Data Transfer Compliance in Android Apps

In an era marked by ubiquitous reliance on mobile applications for nearly every need, the opacity of apps’ behavior poses significant threats to their users’ privacy. Although major data protection regulations require apps to disclose their data practices transparently, previous studies have pointed out difficulties in doing so. To further delve into this issue, this article describes an automated method to capture data-sharing practices in Android apps and assess their proper disclosure according to the EU General Data Protection Regulation. We applied the method to 9,000 random Android apps, unveiling an uncomfortable reality: over 80% of Android applications that transfer personal data off device potentially fail to meet GDPR transparency requirements. We further investigate the role of third-party libraries, shedding light on the source of this problem and pointing towards measures to address it.
Concomitant Lymphocytic Colitis With Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection

Microscopic colitis is a clinicopathological diagnosis that is characterized by chronic microscopic inflammation of the colon and presents with chronic watery diarrhea. There are following two subtypes of microscopic colitis: lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. This is a case of a 70-year-old female with a history of Clostridium difficile infections who presented with persistent watery diarrhea and was diagnosed with lymphocytic colitis in the setting of a concomitant C. difficile infection. Given her clinical presentation, the patient was initiated on empiric treatment for C. difficile infection and showed a lack of clinical improvement with persistent watery diarrhea and elevated white blood cell count. The patient’s symptoms resolved upon the confirmatory diagnosis and treatment of lymphocytic colitis. This study illustrates the importance of assessing for, diagnosing, and treating lymphocytic colitis in patients with chronic non-resolving watery diarrhea, especially in the setting of concomitant or recurrent C. difficile infections. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for further characterization of the relationship between C. difficile infection and microscopic colitis.
Comparison of Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Level Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Cases and Healthy Adults: A Cross-sectional Analytical Study.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses the simple steatosis to more progressive steatosis with associated hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Though accurate diagnosis of simple fatty liver (SFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can be made by liver biopsy, it is not feasible to be done in all NAFLD patients. Relationship of C-reactive protein (CRP) with NAFLD was well documented in many populations, but comprehensive data is lacking in Bangladeshi people. Method: This case-control study was conducted at the Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology departments in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from March to August 2018 involving 30 patients with NAFLD as case and apparently healthy 30 individuals as control. Abdominal ultrasound to detect fatty liver and serum CRP level estimation by nephelometry were performed for each subject to compare between two groups. Result: Majority of the NAFLD cases and healthy controls were female (70% and 60% respectively). Mean age was 47.53±9.69 year in NAFLD group and 46.03±8.44 year in healthy controls. NAFLD cases had significantly higher mean serum CRP concentration (6.27±1.80) mg/dl than that of healthy controls (3.94±2.16) mg/dl (p<0.001). Overweight/obesity and dyslipidaemia were found as significant risk factors for NAFLD compared to the healthy control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: NAFLD cases had significantly higher CRP than the control group. But, to find out the association of increasing CRP level with the severity of NAFLD and to establish it as a diagnostic tool, further extensive studies are recommended. J MEDICINE 2024; 25: 5-10
Determinants of Debt Financing Decision in Sri Lankan Listed Companies

The primary objective of an organization is to maximize wealth for its shareholders, and for this purpose, the finance manager makes several financial decisions. Financing for its assets is one of the significant financial decisions that concentrates financing with owners' equity or debt from external parties. Several factors influence the financing decision, even though determinant factors of debt financing decisions may differ from time to time due to the changing internal environment of organizations. Therefore, the study aims to identify the internal factors determining the debt financing decisions in Sri Lankan listed companies. Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) consisted of 294 listed companies in 2022, and data were collected from selected 100 non-financial companies from 2008/09 to 2020/21. The dependent variables are a total debt to total assets (Debt ratio), and long-term debt to total assets, and the independent variables are profitability, non-debt tax shield (NDTS), tangibility, growth, size, reputation, liquidity, and risk. Descriptive statistics, correlation, pooled, fixed, and random effect models were used to prove the objective. The results reveal that NDTS and growth are positive, and profitability, tangibility, size, reputation, liquidity, and risk negatively influence total debt decisions. The size of the firm negatively influences the long-term debt decision. Therefore, the study concludes that internal factors are essential to determining the debt decision, and the study will benefit the finance managers for the financing decision and to select the optimum capital structure.
Traditional Cultural Network Online Education Integrating Deep Learning and Knowledge Tracking

With the popularization of the computer network and the development of artificial intelligence technology, the traditional education industry has been reformed. In the past two years, online education has developed rapidly. The combination of the Internet and education enables students to study online at any time, no longer relying on the time and place requirements in traditional education. However, with the rapid development of online education, many problems have gradually emerged. In online education, with a large amount of knowledge and question banks, students are faced with a large number of choices. Therefore, positioning and tracking the knowledge level of students and realizing personalized online education have become the main problems facing the moment. Based on this, this study integrates deep learning and knowledge tracking technology to build a traditional cultural network online education model, aiming at accurately positioning students’ knowledge levels and recommending personalized question banks. The experimental results show that the average AUC of the model proposed in this study is 0.781, and the average accuracy rate is 0.886, which is significantly better than other online education models. Through the combination of deep learning and knowledge tracking technology, the research successfully provides a new and efficient model for personalized learning in the field of online education, which is of great guiding value for promoting further innovation and development of online education. In addition, the research also provides practical solution strategies for related fields, which have obvious practical significance and popularization value.
Cellulose Functionalization Using N-Heterocyclic-Based Leaving Group Chemistry

There has been continuous interest in developing novel activators that facilitate the functionalization of cellulosic materials. In this paper, we developed a strategy in which trisubstituted triazinium salts act as cellulose preactivators. As leaving groups, these triazinium salts utilize N-heterocycles (pyridine, imidazole, and nicotinic acid). Initially, we optimized the synthetic route for developing these novel cellulose preactivators (triazinium salts), whose structures were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy. The surface zeta potential of cellulose changed from a negative value to a positive one after preactivation due to the cationic nature of these preactivators. To enhance the scope of the study, we functionalized the cellulose-preactivated materials with a series of amine- or hydroxy-containing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, nucleophilic amino acids (cysteine), colorants (2-aminoanthraquinone and 2-amino-3-methyl-anthraquinone), and biopolymer (zein protein). The treated samples were analyzed using FTIR, time-gated Raman spectroscopy, and reflection spectroscopy, and the success of the functionalization process was validated. To widen the scope of such chemistries, we synthesized four reactive agents containing N-heterocyclic-based leaving groups (pyridine and nicotinic acid) and successfully functionalized cellulose with them in one step. The proposed single- and two-step functionalization approaches will provide opportunities for chemically linking various chemical compounds to cellulose for different applications.
Implementation of Differentiated Learning as an Effort to Increase Teacher Capacity at SMA Negeri 1 Tibawa

The aim of this service activity is to increase the understanding of teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Tibawa regarding the implementation of differentiated learning. Differentiated learning is an attempt to adapt the learning process in the classroom to meet the individual learning needs of each student. It is important for differentiated learning to be implemented in schools, especially in schools selected as driving schools, so activities were carried out to increase teacher capacity in terms of implementing differentiated learning through workshop activities which were attended by all teachers from SMA Negeri 1 Tibawa, Gorontalo Province. Tibawa State High School 1 is one of the driving schools which has been running for the last 2 years since 2022. Service activities use lecture, discussion and games methods as well as active participation from the participants. There were 46 participants who took part in this activity, all of whom were teachers from the Tibawa 1 State High School (SMA), Gorontalo Regency. This service activity had a very positive impact on the participants who took part in this activity, the participants were very enthusiastic and increased the participants' understanding regarding the implementation of differentiated learning in the classroom.
TITLE : The Impact of Electronic Health Records on Risk Management of Information Systems in Australian Residential Aged Care Homes

Objective(s): To obtain indications of the influence of electronic health records (EHR) in managing risks and meeting information system accreditation standard in Australian residential aged care (RAC) homes. The hypothesis to be tested is that the RAC homes using EHR have better performance in meeting information system standards in aged care accreditation than their counterparts only using paper records for information management. Method: Content analysis of aged care accreditation reports from the Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency produced between April 2011 and December 2013. Items identified included types of information systems, compliance with accreditation standards, and indicators of failure to meet an expected outcome for information systems. The Chi-square test was used to identify difference between the RAC homes that used EHR systems and those that used paper records in not meeting aged care accreditation standards. Results: 1,031 (37.4%) of 2,754 RAC homes had adopted EHR systems. The proportion of homes that met all accreditation standards was significantly higher for those with EHR than for homes with paper records. Of 13 RAC homes that did not meet one or more expected outcomes, 12 used paper records and nine of these failed the expected outcome for information systems. Risk indicators for not meeting information system standard were no access to accurate and appropriate information, failure in monitoring mechanisms, not reporting clinical incidents, insufficient recording of residents’ clinical changes, not providing accurate care plans, and communication processes failure. Conclusion: The study has provided indications that use of EHR provides small, yet significant advantages for RAC homes in Australia in managing risks for information management and in meeting accreditation requirements.
Development and validation of conceptual test instrument in Physics: A synthesis

A well-developed physics conceptual test that can be a diagnostic, a misconception, or a summative test best suited to the science major will help educators to determine the level of physics understanding of the prospective science teachers at public and private high schools. Hence, the purpose of this synthesis paper is to look into the key aspects of the process of the development and validation of conceptual test instruments in physics subjects for the undergraduate level. A literature review was used to determine the process of the development of conceptual tests. The process starts with preparation or content analysis, development, validation, and pilot testing. Statistical analysis, such as difficulty and discrimination indices and biserial coefficients used by the authors of various researchers, was also included. A stable, usable, and promising form test instrument can help instructors evaluate the effectiveness of the pedagogies and new curriculum.
Impact of Argemone mexicana L. on tomato plants infected with Phytophthora infestans

Background Fungal diseases can cause significant losses in the tomato crop. Phytophthora infestans causes the late blight disease, which considerably affects tomato production worldwide. Weed-based plant extracts are a promising ecological alternative for disease control. Methods In this study, we analyzed the plant extract of Argemone mexicana L. using chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). We evaluated its impact on the severity of P. infestans, as well as its effect on the components of the antioxidant defense system in tomato plants. Results The extract from A. mexicana contains twelve compounds most have antifungal and biostimulant properties. The findings of the study indicate that applying the A. mexicana extract can reduce the severity of P. infestans, increase tomato fruit yield, enhance the levels of photosynthetic pigments, ascorbic acid, phenols, and flavonoids, as well as decrease the biosynthesis of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide anion in the leaves of plants infected with this pathogen. These results suggest that using the extract from A. mexicana could be a viable solution to control the disease caused by P. infestans in tomato crop.
Effect of the tiger stripes on the deformation of Saturn's moon Enceladus

Enceladus is a small icy moon of Saturn with active jets of water emanating from fractures around the south pole, informally called tiger stripes, which might be connected to a subsurface water ocean. The effect of these features on periodic tidal deformation of the moon has so far been neglected because of the difficulties associated with implementation of faults in continuum mechanics models. Here we estimate the maximum possible impact of the tiger stripes on tidal deformation and heat production within Enceladus's ice shell by representing them as narrow zones with negligible frictional and bulk resistance passing vertically through the whole ice shell. Assuming a uniform ice shell thickness of 25 km, consistent with the recent estimate of libration, we demonstrate that the faults can dramatically change the distribution of stress and strain in Enceladus's south polar region, leading to a significant increase of the heat production in this area.
Alteration Facies Linkages Among Iron Oxide Copper-Gold, Iron Oxide-Apatite, and Affiliated Deposits in the Great Bear Magmatic Zone, Northwest Territories, Canada.

High-temperature metasomatism driven by ascent of voluminous, saline fluid columns in the upper crust plays a major role in the genesis of iron oxide-alkali alteration ore systems but fundamental questions remain on genetic linkages among iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide-apatite (IOA), albitite-hosted uranium, and skarn deposits that they produce. Excellent surface exposures of such systems in the Great Bear magmatic zone of northernwestern Canada record the depth to paleosurface, prograde evolution of iron oxide-alkali alteration facies, and mineralization. Across the belt, albitite corridors that are tens of kilometers in length record the earliest reactions between highly saline fluids and host rocks along fault zones and subvolcanic intrusions. Pervasive albitization partitioned metals from the host rocks into the ascending fluid column, leaving behind structurally weakened corridors of porous albitite. These corridors were cut, replaced, and overprinted by amphibole- and magnetite-bearing, calcic-iron alteration assemblages. In extreme cases, the discharge of calcium, iron, and specialized metals formed iron oxide-apatite deposits (±vanadium ± rare earth elements) while recharging the outgoing fluids in sodium, potassium, and base and precious metals. As temperatures declined and fluid chemistry evolved through fluid-rock reactions, the formation of potassic-iron alteration assemblages, breccias, and sulfides resulted in magnetite- and hematite-group IOCG mineralization. Within carbonate units, skarns formed prior to, are replaced by, and evolved to calcic-iron alteration facies. Skarns can locally host base metal mineralization. Tectonically uplifted albitite breccias replaced by potassic-iron alteration assemblages became a preferential host for uranium mineralization. The results of this study also illustrate that permutations and cyclical build-up of alteration products can arise from a combination of faulting, differential uplift, and renewed magmatism. Framed within an alteration-facies deposit model, alteration zones and mineral occurrences play a pivotal role in predicting the mineral potential of iron oxide and alkali-altered systems at district to deposit scales.
ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts for Methanol Dehydration: Tuning Pore Structure by Carbon Nanotubes as a Pore-Forming Agent

ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 composites are synthesized using multiwall carbon nanotubes as a pore-forming agent. The as-prepared composites are characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, TEM, SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and pyridine adsorption. The as-prepared composites exhibit significantly different physicochemical properties depending on the synthesis technique. The catalytic activity of the as-prepared composites toward methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether is investigated. The as-prepared composites demonstrate the methanol conversion close to the equilibrium one with 100% selectivity toward dimethyl ether. The kinetic parameters of the process are measured highlighting the effect of the textural and acidic properties of the composites on their catalytic performance.
Depression and anxiety in female refugees from East Africa and the Middle East displaced to Germany: cross-sectional results of the female refugee study, taking sociodemographic and migration-related factors into account

At the end of 2022, 108.4 million people around the world were forcibly displaced, the highest number ever recorded. Of these, 50% were women. Despite this situation, little is known about the mental health of female refugees. The first aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among female refugees in Germany. The second aim was to examine which sociodemographic and migration-related variables have an impact on refugees’ mental health, and the third aim was to assess the potential predictors of their mental health. A sample of 92 female refugees from East Africa and the Middle East living in Germany were interviewed. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25). The experience of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) was assessed using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). In our sample of female refugees, 65.2% reported symptoms of depression, and 60.9% reported symptoms of anxiety. Symptoms of depression or anxiety were associated with being from the Middle East, having a higher level of education, and reporting more PTEs. The multiple regression model for anxiety was able to explain 32.4% of the variance in anxiety symptoms. The findings highlight the high burden of mental health problems that female refugees bear. The identified predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms should sensitize medical and refugee professionals to identify vulnerable individuals and groups, refer them to appropriate psychological treatment, and, where possible, modify the identified predictors.
Increased Dentate Gyrus Excitability in the Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid Mouse Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

The intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) mouse model is an extensively used in vivo model to investigate the pathophysiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and to develop novel therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy. It is characterized by profound hippocampal sclerosis and spontaneously occurring seizures with a major role for the injected damaged hippocampus, but little is known about the excitability of specific subregions. The purpose of this study was to electrophysiologically characterize the excitability of hippocampal subregions in the chronic phase of the induced epilepsy in the IHKA mouse model. We recorded field postsynaptic potentials (fPSPs) after electrical stimulation in the CA1 region and in the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampal slices of IHKA and healthy mice using a multielectrode array (MEA). In the DG, a significantly steeper fPSP slope was found, reflecting higher synaptic strength. Population spikes were more prevalent with a larger spatial distribution in the IHKA group, reflecting a higher degree of granule cell output. Only minor differences were found in the CA1 region. These results point to increased neuronal excitability in the DG but not in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of IHKA mice. This method, in which the excitability of hippocampal slices from IHKA mice is investigated using a MEA, can now be further explored as a potential new model to screen for new interventions that can restore DG function and potentially lead to novel therapies for mTLE.
Special Issue: Evidence-Based Practices in Action *30IMPLEMENTING RISK ASSESSMENT IN THE FEDERAL PRETRIAL SERVICES SYSTEM

IN 2009 THE ADMINISTRATIVE Office of the U.S. Courts and the Office of Federal Detention Trustee (a Justice Department agency charged with administering and controlling the costs of pretrial detention in the federal system) published Pretrial Risk Assessment in the Federal Court, which recommended that the federal pretrial services system develop and implement an actuarial risk assessment tool. Ever since then, the system has been moving towards that goal. Lowenkamp and Whetzel (2009) have already detailed the process followed and described the tool that was ultimately developed, the Pretrial Risk Assessment (PTRA). As of August 2011 the tool had been fully implemented in almost all districts; therefore, it seems an appropriate time to assess the tool in light of the available pretrial risk assessment literature, determine how implementation has proceeded in the federal system to this point, and assess the ultimate impact, if any, of the tool on the federal pretrial services system. Perhaps the most important question is whether the tool has begun to affect officer recommendations for release/detention and/or release rates in districts where it has been operational for a year or more.