Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dolan Dissociating neuromodulatory effects of diazepam on episodic memory encoding and executive function

Rationale: Diazepam and other benzodiazepines impair episodic memory encoding. Deficits in tests of executive function are also reported. In this study, we ask whether the latter effects are secondary to mnemonic impairment, or reflect specific and distinct effects of benzodiazepines on executive function. Objectives: Using positron emission tomography in healthy human volunteers, we examined similarities in the neuroanatomical correlates of the effect of diazepam on performance of executive compared to episodic memory tasks. Close similarities are proposed to reflect commonalities in the functional effects of the drug. Conversely, any evidence of task-specific regional changes in activity is proposed to reflect distinct functional effects of DZP on the two tasks. Methods: Twelve volunteers received placebo or 10 mg diazepam in a between-subjects design. During scanning, subjects performed one of four experimental conditions, corresponding to a 2×2 factorial design, with memory encoding and executive function (on-line ordering of stimuli) as the two factors. Drugor task-induced changes in brain activation indexed the neuroanatomical correlates of each condition. Results: Averaged across all conditions, and compared to placebo, diazepam decreased activity bilaterally in prefrontal and temporal cortices. Within this network of deactivation, left dorsal prefrontal cortex activity was attenuated by diazepam during memory encoding, while left frontal opercular activity was attenuated during ordering. Conclusion: This neuroanatomical dissociation reflects distinct functional effects of diazepam on encoding versus ordering tasks. Therefore, the effects of diazepam on ordering tasks are not simply secondary to diazepam effects on episodic memory, but reflect real and distinct effects of the drug on executive function.
Dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls in a rural area of Delhi: a community based survey.

Dysmenorrhea a common gynecological complaint refers to painful menstruation. Approximately 52% of postpubertal females suffer dysmenorrhea and about 10% of them are incapacitated for 1-3 days per episode. The authors assessed the prevalence of this condition and its level based upon working ability in a house-to-house survey of 300 young women aged 11-18 years living in a rural area of south Delhi. 97 of the subjects had reached menarche of whom 70.8% experienced dysmenorrhea. 29.9% of the girls with dysmenorrhea did not require an analgesic during menstruation and their condition did not affect their ability to work 52.6% had menstruation with mild pain 11.3% required an analgesic and their ability to work was moderately affected and 6.2% were unable to work even after taking analgesics. The mean age of menarche was 12.8 years among girls with dysmenorrhea compared to 13.3 years among girls without the condition. Dysmenorrhea was significantly correlated with mean duration of menstrual flow with reportedly high use of sanitary pads.
ENIGMA Laterality Working Group (2018). Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 115 (22), E5154-E5163.

Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here the ENIGMA consortium presents the largest ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and intracranial volume. Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets ( N = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing significant, replicable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified, and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. anatomy in health and disease.
Experience with High-Z Plasma Facing Materials and Extrapolation to Future Devices

The use of refractory metal plasma facing components requires intensive research in all areas, i.e. in plasma wall-interaction, in the physics of the confined plasma, diagnostic, and in material development. Only a few present day divertor tokamaks mainly Alcator C-Mod and ASDEX Upgrade gained experience with the refractory metals molybdenum and tungsten, respectively. ASDEX Upgrade was stepwise converted from graphite to tungsten PFCs. In line with this transition a reduction of the deuterium retention by almost a factor of ten has been observed due to the strong suppression of D co-deposition with carbon. The deuterium retained in W is in line with laboratory results in contrast to Alcator CMod, where the D retention in Mo is more than a factor of ten larger than in corresponding laboratory experiments. As expected from the sputtering threshold of Mo and W, negligible erosion by the thermal divertor background plasma is found in these experiments under low temperature divertor conditions. However, erosion by fast particles and intrinsic impurities, which additionally might be accelerated in rectified electrical fields observed during ion cyclotron frequency heating, plays an important role. The Mo and W concentrations in the plasma centre are strongly affected by plasma transport and variations up to a factor of 50 are observed for similar influxes. However, it could be demonstrated that sawteeth and turbulent transport driven by central heating can suppress central accumulation. The inward transport of high-Z ions at the edge can be efficiently reduced by ’flushing’ the pedestal region caused by frequent edge instabilities. Extrapolations to ITER and DEMO are difficult since the physics of plasma transport is not yet completely understood, the particle and energy fluxes are orders of magnitude higher and the technical boundary conditions in DEMO strongly differ from those of present day
Peritectic Determination by a Melt Deck Thermal Analysis System

There has been a growing interest in the peritectic due to increasing productivity, quality, and alloy development. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has traditionally been used to study steel solidification but suffers significant limitations when measuring the solidus and peritectic. This work covers a new thermal analysis system that can characterize the peritectic reaction. Heats of AISI/SAE 1030 and 4130 steel were poured to provide some benchmarking of this new technique. The peritectic was detected and the reaction temperature measured. Measurements agree reasonably well with reference information. A review of the literature and thermodynamic calculations did find some disagreement on the exact temperatures for the peritectic and solidus. Some of this difference appears to be related to the experimental techniques employed. It was determined that the system developed accurately indicates these reaction temperatures. The system provides a unique method for examining steel solidification that can be employed on the melt deck.
Improved Smell and Taste Dysfunction with Intranasal Theophylline

Purpose: There have been few studies which have demonstrated effective treatment of patients with smell loss (hyposmia). We have previously demonstrated improved hyposmia using oral theophylline in a long term study of a large patient group and using intranasal theophylline in a short term study in a small patient group. We now report hyposmic improvement with intranasal theophylline in a larger group of hyposmic patients for a more prolonged time period. Methods: Ninety-four patients with hyposmia were initially studied at The Taste and Smell Clinic in Washington, DC before and after treatment with 20 μg of intranasal theophylline delivered twice into each nostril once daily for two months to 12 months. Subjective responses, olfactometry and gustometry were obtained before and after treatment. Results: Subjective improvement in smell, flavor and taste function improved in 65% to 80% of patients with initial improvement occurring after two-four months of treatment with greater improvement occurring as treatment continued. Olfactometry results demonstrated significant improvement in smell function with threshold measurements in improved patients after 5 months to 8 months or 9 months to 12 months of treatment approximately two orders of magnitude lower (more sensitive) than their results prior to treatment. Conclusion: Daily use of intranasal theophylline improved smell, taste and flavor perception subjectively. Results of olfactometry demonstrate that smell function improved significantly. There were no systemic side effects with intranasal theophylline treatment.
Physiological and pathological role of the constitutively active a1D adrenoceptors

In previous studies we have shown that in vessels where oi]D adrenoceptors have a functional role, this subtype exhibits constitutive activity, revealed by an increase in contractile tone, cytosolic calcium and inositol phosphate accumulation, in the absence of an agonist. The contraction and the two internal signals were inhibited by prazosin and BMY 7378, a selective a1D adrenoceptor ligand. This constitutively active population of ajD adrenoceptors plays a modulatory role in conductance vessels, preventing abrupt changes in vessel caliber, and consequently, in blood flow, when the stimulus disappears. The lack of this subtype in distributing arteries warrants a quick and fine adjustment of blood flow to adrenergic stimulus. An increased functionality of a1D adrenoceptors in aorta, mesenteric and small mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive adult rats (SHR) has been observed. Consequently, the contractile tone of these vessels remained increased when the adrenergic stimulus disappears as compared with normotensive animals. This change is evidenced only when the hypertensive state appears as it is not observed in prehypertensive (young rats), or captopril-treated adult animals, therefore, it could be directly related to hypertension. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Why are they staying? A phenomenological study on midwives working in Ghana

Low and middle-income countries face challenges with retention of healthcare personnel including midwives, primarily because of migration to other countries. Repercussions from the loss of healthcare workers have been grave and the impact on healthcare services for the inhabitants is consequently compromised. Since many such countries subsidize the education of healthcare workers, the monies spent do not provide the expected return on investment. While some studies review the cause of such migrations, limited research explore the views of healthcare workers who choose to stay and work in the countries that educated them and no such studies have explored the views of midwives in particular. The aim of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the views and motivations of Ghanaian-educated midwives who have chosen to remain and practice in Ghana. The study was conducted in 2015 among twelve purposively sampled Ghanaian educated midwives from a hospital in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, to explore their views about staying to work in the country, in view of what may have inspired their counterparts to leave. Data was analyzed using NVivo 10® (QSR, 2014). The findings identified one key theme around their reasons for remaining in Ghana. Five additional themes amplified and extended the reasons and all themes provided guidance for addressing retention issues in Ghana. Context-specific recommendations were made with a focus on midwifery leadership, policy makers, stakeholders and the main professional regulatory body to address the exodus of midwives in Ghana and other LMICs.
Are the freshwater rhodophytes useful bioindicators for peat mining loads?

During the intensive study of freshwater rhodophytes in the years 2012–2015 ca. 2100 rivers and brooks were studied including 28 river segments in drainage areas with peat mining. In August–September 2015 sampling at 159 river segments was done focusing especially to the peat mining areas. The aim was to study possible effects on occurrence and community structure of rhodophytes in the vicinity of mining areas and downstream in the drainage area. Rhodophytes occurred at 27% of studied locations at the distance of < 1 km from the mining outlet. Occurrence frequency increased evenly with the increasing distance and was 52% at the distance of > 5 km below the mining area, which corresponds the frequency in the areas without peat mining. Several ecological factors may explain the decrease of the occurrence frequency. Brook widths are smaller with lower current velocity and bottom is often organic, without suitable substrata to attach for rhodophytes. Batrachospermum gelatinosum was the most common taxon below the peat mining areas with 64.9% of records. Other taxa found at the distance of < 5 km were Batrachospermum vogesiacum and B. keratophytum. More far were found also Audouinella chalybea, A. hermannii, Batrachospermum turfosum, Lemanea fluviatilis, L. fucina, Sheathia arcuata, S. confusa and Sirodotia suecica. Rhodophytes are not very suitable as indicators for peat mining effects due to low diversity and unfavourable ecological conditions for rhodophytes in peatland brooks.
Pre-Service English Language Teachers’ Problematic Sounds

Today, pronunciation is one of the least researched areas in the EFL context. The available studies focus on learner errors and aim to generalise the sound problems in differing contexts and L1 backgrounds. Studies reveal that some of the learner errors are caused by the input they receive at their learning environment. With the belief that the primary input in an EFL classroom is the teacher, this study analysed the sound problems of senior pre-service EFL teachers. The study was carried out in three universities in Turkey within the bounds of accessibility. A total of 66 pre-service English language teachers were randomly selected. “Please Call Stella” accent elicitation text was adapted to delineate the sound problems of the language segmentally. The analysis of the descriptive data revealed the major sound problems conforming to the previously mentioned literature in the field. Although the participants had completed their formal education in ELT, they committed errors with devoicing of word-final consonants, vowel insertion, vowel shortening, gemination and individual sounds /ɾ/, /ð/, /w/, /θ/, /ŋ/, /oʊ/, /ə/ and /ae/. It was assumed that mother tongue interference, fossilization of mistakes in language classrooms and non-existent sounds in L1 form the basis for errors in pronunciation.
INFLUENCE OF MIXTURE COMPOSITION ON WASHOUT RESISTANCE, FRESH PROPERTIES AND RELATIVE STRENGTH OF SELF COMPACTING UNDERWATER CONCRETE

Successful design of underwater concrete mixtures must fulfill two basic requirements: adequate flow ability to spread into the placing forms without consolidation, and viscosity in order to resist the washing out. In this paper an investigation was carried out to determine the effect of the dosage of anti washout admixture (AWA), water cementitious materials ratio (w/cm),sand to total aggregate ratio(s/a), and the supplementary cementitious materials on the washout resistance, fresh properties and the relative compressive strength of self-compacting underwater concrete (SCUWC). Therefore five groups were prepared for this study. First group studied the effect of the supplementary cementitious materials, second group dealt with the effect of the AWA ratios, third group is concerning with the effect of w/cm ratio, fourth group take into account the effect of s/a ratio and finally fifth group included the effect of cementitious materials. Test results indicate that the concentrations of antiwashout admixture (AWA) have direct effect on washout resistance and relative compressive strength. The washout mass loss can be reduced by using 10% silica fume replacement. Also it can be reduced by decreasing the w/cm and increasing the cement content and that result in greater relative strength.
Nest characteristics of Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in Middle and Upper Sakarya Region, Turkey

Egyptian vulture is an endangered vulture species all over the World. Turkey holds the substantial amount of the global population of the species in Western Palearctic. Middle and Upper Sakarya Region is an important host for the breeding Egyptian vulture population in Anatolia. In total 37 occupied nests were recorded in 2013 and 2014 years. In order to determine the nest characteristics 11 nest variables and cliff features were evaluated in this study. Egyptian vulture nests were determined both in hollows (n= 24) and on ledges (n= 13) at the middle part of the small limestone cliffs in the study area. The mean ± SD of cavity width and height are 2.0 ± 1.0 and 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively. Nests were situated predominantly southwestern exposure. Although the first data is given in this study about nest characteristics in the region, detailed studies are required on the relationship between nest site quality and breeding parameters to undertake conservation strategies for Egyption vulture in Turkey.
DOES THE SEQUENCE OF EXERCISE IN A RESISTANCE TRAINING SESSION AFFECT STRENGTH GAINS AND MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY? A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EVIDENCE Ralph N. Carpinelli

In a recent review of resistance training, the authors claimed that the sequence of performing resistance exercises in a training session is an important variable that can influence the efficiency, safety and effectiveness of a resistance training program. This Critical Examination challenges those claims and reveals that the sequence of performing resistance exercise has very little meaningful neuromuscular implication for an acute response (the ability to perform a specific number of repetitions) or any clinical application for chronic adaptations such as strength gains or muscular hypertrophy.
Determinants of Health Care Resorts: Evidence from Cameroon

The aim of this work is to identify the determinant of health care resort in Cameroon in order to propose many improvement axes to the health system. These axes will allow a better fulfillment of the poor’s needs. The data collected from the Cameroon’s Third Household Investigation (ECAM 3) used in the Logit model, gave the following results: (i) the consultation’s price has a negative impact on the demand of the health services no matter the type of resort and the location; (ii) when the individuals become richer, they are tempted to desert hawkers, native doctors and health centers to use clinics and more specialized hospitals with more skilled personnel; (iii) the fact to be educated increases the probability to go to clinics or private health facilities, and decreases the probability to attend to native doctors or to hawkers. JEL Classifications: C25, D31, I11
Do Negative Environmental Externalities Cause Resistance Against Land Acquisition? Experience of Mining Districts in Odisha

Increasing protests against land acquisition in India in recent times have resulted in an impasse of various development initiatives. The situation appears to be far grimmer in the states like Odisha, where large scale land acquisition is required for implementation of various industrial projects including mining, but severe protests by different stakeholders have caused the state of acquisition to be abysmally gloomy. Resistance against land acquisition, particularly for mining is in sharp contrast to the commonly perceived notion that mining results in socio-economic development in the mineral-rich economies. While the existing studies in general have attempted to analyze such dichotomy in terms of the mode of acquisition, amount of compensation, possible rehabilitation and resettlement of the displaced people and others at the local level, the issues relating to depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation have remained largely unexplored. The present paper is an attempt to fill in this gap. Analyzing secondary data the paper finds that while, mining has failed to provide any significant boost to the society, it resulted in water pollution along with decrease in ground water level posing threat on sustainability of the development process and raising incidences of death due to water-borne diseases. The incidences of death caused by air-borne diseases are also quite high in the mining districts of the state. The findings of the present paper, therefore, suggest that the proposed ‘Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill’ should have enough provision to address these negative environmental externalities of mining. In addition, appropriate laws should be enacted with necessary regulatory framework to guide the investors in performing their environmental responsibilities.
Impact of IT Multisourcing on vendor opportunistic behaviour - A research framework

IT Multisourcing (ITM), the provision of IT services by multiple interdependent vendors to a single client, is widely prevalent now. ITM, in principle, is believed to mitigate both strategic and operational risks of IT outsourcing for client organizations. Yet there is limited research which systematically investigates the effects of ITM on different forms of risk. This paper develops a theoretical framework to understand the implications of ITM for the specific risk of vendor opportunistic behaviour, classified as a ‘strategic risk’ of outsourcing. The fundamental attributes of ITM are identified and mechanisms through which they influence vendor opportunistic behaviour are explained. The advantages and limitations of the framework are discussed, and future research directions are laid out.
Stochastic Natural Language Generation Using Dependency Information

This article presents a stochastic corpus-based model for generating natural language text. Our model first encodes dependency relations from training data through a feature set, then concatenates these features to produce a new dependency tree for a given meaning representation, and finally generates a natural language utterance from the produced dependency tree. We test our model on nine domains from tabular, dialogue act and RDF format. Our model outperforms the corpus-based state-of-the-art methods trained on tabular datasets and also achieves comparable results with neural network-based approaches trained on dialogue act, E2E and WebNLG datasets for BLEU and ERR evaluation metrics. Also, by reporting Human Evaluation results, we show that our model produces high-quality utterances in aspects of informativeness and naturalness as well as quality.