Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Oued Dayr Formation: first evidence of a new Miocene late-orogenic cycle on the Ghomaride complex (Internal Domains of the Rifian Maghrebian Chain, Morocco)

This work deals with the first evidence in the Rifian Maghrebids of a Miocene clastic succession, named Oued Dayr Fm, uncorformably resting on the Ghomaride Complex. The formation starts with polymictic conglomerates, consisting of clasts coming from all the Rifian Internal Units, sharply or gradationally evolving to graded and stratified calcareous sandstones, siltstones and massive marls. The occurrence of nannofossils starting from the NN5 Biozone of Martini indicates an age no older than middle Langhian. However, considering the possible reworking of taxa and the regional framework, the possibility of a younger age cannot be excluded. The sedimentary evolution points out a subsidence rate exceeding the detritic supply, within a thrust-top basin originated during an extensional tectonic phase, affecting the exhumed internal nappe stack. The Oued Dayr Fm constitutes the first evidence of a new Miocene late-orogenic sedimentary cycle resting on the Rifian Internal Units, intermediate between the Burdigalian Oued Gharraq-Sidi Abdeslam cycle and the Pliocene deposits. In a regional framework, no middle Miocene unconformable deposits are known on the Internal Units of both the Betic Cordillera and Maghrebian Chain, while Tortonian deposits everywhere occur. A Tortonian age, therefore, can be suggested for the Oued Dayr Fm, but data demonstrating this hypothesis at present are lacking.
Flood events and flood risk assessment in relation to climate and land-use changes: Saint-François River, southern Québec, Canada

Abstract In the current context of climatic variability, it is important to quantify the impact on the environment. This study deals with an analysis of climatic data and land-use changes in terms of the impacts on flood recurrence based on multisource data. The study area covers the mouth of the Saint-François River (southern Québec, Canada), where spring floods and ice jams are a recurring problem. The flood frequency analysis shows an increase in flooding over recent decades, attributable to an increase in winter temperatures that has the effect of causing ice jams earlier in the year. Regarding land-use changes, a small decrease in agricultural surface areas is observed, from 53% to 39%, along with increases in forest and urban surface areas from 27% to 38% (forest) and 3% to 5% (urban) between 1928 and 2005. In a context of continuing climate warming, more pronounced inter-annual variations are to be expected along with a higher incidence of flooding. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz Citation Ouellet, C. , Saint-Laurent, D. and Normand, F. , 2012. Flood events and flood risk assessment in relation to climate and land-use changes: Saint-François River, southern Québec, Canada. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (2), 313–325.
Pitfalls in radar diagnosis of ice‐sheet bed conditions: Lessons from englacial attenuation models

Radar power returned from ice‐sheet beds has been widely accepted as an indicator of bed conditions. However, the bed returned power also depends on englacial attenuation, which is primarily a function of ice temperature. Here, using a one‐dimensional attenuation model, it is demonstrated that, in most cases, variations in bed returned power are dominated by variations in englacial attenuation, rather than bed reflectivity. Both accumulation rate and geothermal flux anomalies can interfere with the interpretation. With the consequence, analytical radar algorithms that have been widely accepted likely yield false delineations of wet/dry beds. More careful consideration is needed when diagnosing bed conditions. Spatial patterns of shallow englacial radar reflectors can be used as a proxy for accumulation rates, which affect ice temperature and thus returned power. I argue that it is necessary to simultaneously interpret the returned power and englacial‐reflector patterns to improve the bed diagnosis.
Endocrine Function in Aquatic Invertebrates and Evidence for Disruption by Environmental Pollutants

In previous research programmes, the Environment Agency has identified fish and marine molluscs to be at risk of adverse effects from endocrine disrupting substances. Concerns about other animal groups in similar environments led to a review of the potential risks from exposure to such substances. From this review, the Agency would be able to determine its policy position and identify further work necessary so as to achieve its statutory duty to protect the environment from pollution.
Role of ganglioside metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer ’ s disease — a review 1

Gangliosides are expressed in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of the cells of all vertebrates and are particularly abundant in the nervous system. Ganglioside metabolism is closely associated with the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD, the most common form of dementia, is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain characterized clinically by progressive loss of memory and cognitive function and eventually death. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by amyloid deposits or “senile plaques,” which consist mainly of aggregated variants of amyloid b-protein (Ab). Ab undergoes a conformational transition from random coil to ordered structure rich in bsheets, especially after addition of lipid vesicles containing GM1 ganglioside. In AD brain, a complex of GM1 and Ab, termed “GAb,” has been found to accumulate. In recent years, Ab and GM1 have been identified in microdomains or lipid rafts. The functional roles of these microdomains in cellular processes are now beginning to unfold. Several articles also have documented the involvement of these microdomains in the pathogenesis of certain neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. A pivotal neuroprotective role of gangliosides has been reported in in vivo and in vitro models of neuronal injury, Parkinsonism, and related diseases. Here we describe the possible involvement of gangliosides in the development of AD and the therapeutic potentials of gangliosides in this disorder. —Ariga, T. , M. P. McDonald, and R. K. Yu. Role of ganglioside metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer_s disease—a review. J. Lipid Res. 2008. 49: 1157–1175. Supplementary key words lipid raft & microdomain & amyloid b-protein
Decoding spatial locations from primate lateral prefrontal cortex neural activity during virtual navigation

Objective. Decoding the intended trajectories from brain signals using a brain-computer interface system could be used to improve the mobility of patients with disabilities. Approach. Neuronal activity associated with spatial locations was examined while macaques performed a navigation task within a virtual environment. Main results. Here, we provide proof of principle that multi-unit spiking activity recorded from the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) of non-human primates can be used to predict the location of a subject in a virtual maze during a navigation task. The spatial positions within the maze that require a choice or are associated with relevant task events can be better predicted than the locations where no relevant events occur. Importantly, within a task epoch of a single trial, multiple locations along the maze can be independently identified using a support vector machine model. Significance. Considering that the LPFC of macaques and humans share similar properties, our results suggest that this area could be a valuable implant location for an intracortical brain-computer interface system used for spatial navigation in patients with disabilities.
Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation

The active left-slip Altyn Tagh fault defines the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau. To determine its deformation history we conducted integrated research on Cenozoic stratigraphic sections in the southern part of the Tarim Basin. Fission-track ages of detrital apatites, existing biostratigraphic data, and magnetostratigraphic analysis were used to establish chronostratigraphy, whereas composition of sandstone and coarse clastic sedimentary rocks was used to determine the unroofing history of the source region. Much of the detrital grains in our measured sections can be correlated with uplifted sides of major thrusts or transpressional faults, implying a temporal link between sedimentation and deformation. The results of our studies, together with existing stratigraphic data from the Qaidam Basin and the Hexi Corridor, suggest that crustal thickening in northern Tibet began prior to 46 Ma for the western Kunlun Shan thrust belt, at ca. 49 Ma for the Qimen Tagh and North Qaidam thrust systems bounding the north and south margins of the Qaidam Basin, and prior to ca. 33 Ma for the Nan Shan thrust belt. These ages suggest that deformation front reached northern Tibet only ∼10 ± 5 m.y. after the initial collision of India with Asia at 65–55 Ma. Because the aforementioned thrust systems are either termination structures or branching faults of the Altyn Tagh left-slip system, the Altyn Tagh fault must have been active since ca. 49 Ma. The Altyn Tagh Range between the Tarim Basin and the Altyn Tagh fault has been a long-lived topographic high since at least the early Oligocene or possibly late Eocene. This range has shed sediments into both the Tarim and Qaidam Basins while being offset by the Altyn Tagh fault. Its continuous motion has made the range act as a sliding door, which eventually closed the outlets of westward-flowing drainages in the Qaidam Basin. This process has caused large amounts of Oligocene–Miocene sediments to be trapped in the Qaidam Basin. The estimated total slip of 470 ± 70 km and the initiation age of 49 Ma yield an average slip rate along the Altyn Tagh fault of 9 ± 2 mm/yr, remarkably similar to the rates determined by GPS (Global Positioning System) surveys. This result implies that geologic deformation rates are steady state over millions of years during continental collision.
Relationship of Extreme Chromosomal Instability with Long-term Survival in a Retrospective Analysis of Primary Breast Cancer

Background: Chromosomal instability (CIN) is thought to be associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors; however, evidence from preclinical and mouse tumor models suggest that CIN may paradoxically enhance or impair cancer cell fitness. Breast cancer prognostic expression signature sets, which reflect tumor CIN status, efficiently delineate outcome in estrogen receptor ER-positive breast cancer in contrast to ER-negative breast cancer, suggesting that the relationship of CIN with prognosis differs in these two breast cancer subtypes. Methods: Direct assessment of CIN requires single-cell analysis methods, such as centromeric FISH, aimed at determining the variation around the modal number of two or more chromosomes within individual tumor nuclei. Here, we document the frequency of tumor CIN by dual centromeric FISH analysis in a retrospective primary breast cancer cohort of 246 patients with survival outcome. Results: There was increased CIN and clonal heterogeneity in ER-negative compared with ER-positive breast cancer. Consistent with a negative impact of CIN on cellular fitness, extreme CIN in ER-negative breast cancer was an independent variable associated with improved long-term survival in multivariate analysis. In contrast, a linear relationship of increasing CIN with poorer prognosis in ER-positive breast cancer was observed, using three independent measures of CIN. Conclusions: The paradoxical relationship between extreme CIN and cancer outcome in the ER-negative cohorts may explain why prognostic expression signatures, reflecting tumor CIN status, fail to predict outcome in this subgroup. Impact: Assessment of tumor CIN status may support risk stratification in ER-negative breast cancer and requires prospective validation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(10); 2183–94. ©2011 AACR.
Relação entre exercício físico, dano muscular e dor muscular de início tardio

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar as relacoes do exercicio fisico com o dano muscular e dor muscular de inicio tardio (DMIT). Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisao de literatura de periodicos nacionais e internacionais. O dano muscular pode ocorrer em estruturas musculares (membranas, linha Z, sarcolema, tubulos T e miofi brilas) em funcao da sobrecarga mecânica imposta, destacam-se os exercicios de forca, principalmente com acao muscular excentrica. Danos a musculatura esqueletica podem ser analisados atraves de metodos diretos (amostras do musculo ou por ressonância magnetica) ou por metodos indiretos (acao voluntaria maxima, escalas subjetivas da percepcao de dor, analise das concentracoes de enzimas e proteinas no sangue). A creatina quinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), fragmentos da cadeia pesada de miosina, troponina-I e mioglobina podem ser utilizadas como marcadores indiretos de dano muscular. A DMIT e o dano muscular podem ser infl uenciados pelo tipo de acao, com enfase nas acoes musculares excentricas, tipo de exercicio, velocidade de movimento, tempo de intervalo entre as series, nivel de treinamento individual, acometendo principalmente iniciantes. Frente a uma microlesao, os leucocitos migram para o local iniciando a reparacao do dano muscular, ao passo que, histaminas, prostaglandinas, cininas e K+ produzidos por neutrofi los
Geodynamics : applications of continuum physics to geological problems

A comprehensive and quantitative study of the fundamental aspects of plate tectonics. Provides an introduction to heat flow, elasticity and flexure, fluid mechanics, faulting, gravity, and flow in porous media, with a wide range of geological applications. Contains detailed coverage of mantle convection and mantle rheology. Includes a wide variety of practical problems.
Dose enhancement in radiotherapy of small lung tumors 1 using inline magnetic (cid:12)elds: A Monte Carlo based planning 2 study 3

Purpose: To report on signiﬁcant dose enhancement eﬀects caused by magnetic ﬁelds aligned parallel to 6MV 11 photon beam radiotherapy of small lung tumors. Findings are applicable to future inline MRI-guided radiotherapy 12 systems. 13 Methods: A total of 8 clinical lung tumor cases were recalculated using Monte Carlo methods, and external 14 magnetic ﬁelds of 0.5 T, 1.0 T and 3 T were included to observe the impact on dose to the planning target volume 15 (PTV) and gross tumor volume (GTV). Three plans were 6MV 3D-CRT plans while 6 were 6MV IMRT. The 16 GTV’s ranged from 0.8 cc to 16 cc, while the PTV’s ranged from 1 cc to 59 cc. In addition, the dose changes in a 17 30 cm diameter cylindrical water phantom were investigated for small beams. The central 20 cm of this phantom 18 contained either water or lung density insert. 19 Results: For single beams an inline magnetic ﬁeld of 1 T has a small impact in lung dose distributions by 20 reducing the lateral scatter of secondary electrons, resulting in a small dose increase along the beam. Superposition 21 of multiple small beams leads to signiﬁcant dose enhancements. Clinically, this process occurs in the lung tissue 22 typically surrounding the GTV, resulting in increases to the D 98% (PTV). Two isolated tumors with very small 23 PTVs (3 cc and 6 cc) showed increases in D 98% of 23% and 22%. Larger PTVs of 13 cc, 26 cc and 59 cc had 24 increases of 9%, 6% and 4%, describing a natural fall-oﬀ in enhancement with increasing PTV size. However three 25 PTVs bounded to the lung wall showed no signiﬁcant increase, due to lack of dose enhancement in the denser PTV 26 volume. In general, at 0.5 T the GTV mean dose enhancement is around 60% lower than that at 1 T, while at 3 27 T it is 5-60% higher than 1 T. 28 Conclusions: Monte Carlo methods have described signiﬁcant and predictable dose enhancement eﬀects in 29 small lung tumor plans for 6MV radiotherapy when an external inline magnetic ﬁeld is included. Results of this 30 study indicate that future clinical inline MRI-guided radiotherapy systems will be able to deliver a dosimetrically 31 superior treatment to small (PTV < 15 cc), isolated lung tumors over non MRI-linac systems. This increased 32 eﬃcacy coincides with the reimbursement in the United States of lung CT screening and the likely rapid growth in 33 the number of patients with small lung tumors to be treated with radiotherapy. 34
Online Object Tracking, Learning, and Parsing with And-Or Graphs

This paper presents a framework for simultaneously tracking, learning and parsing objects with a hierarchical and compositional and-or graph (AOG) representation. The AOG is discriminatively learned online to account for the appearance (e.g., lighting and partial occlusion) and structural (e.g., different poses and viewpoints) variations of the object itself, as well as the distractors (e.g., similar objects) in the scene background. In tracking, the state of the object (i.e., bounding box) is inferred by parsing with the current AOG using a spatial-temporal dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. When the AOG grows big for handling objects with large variations in long-term tracking, we propose a bottom-up/top-down scheduling scheme for efficient inference, which performs focused inference with the most stable and discriminative small sub-AOG. During online learning, the AOG is re-learned iteratively with two steps: (i) Identifying the false positives and false negatives of the current AOG in a new frame by exploiting the spatial and temporal constraints observed in the trajectory, (ii) Updating the structure of the AOG, and re-estimating the parameters based on the augmented training dataset. In experiments, the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art tracking algorithms on a recent public tracking benchmark with 50 testing videos and 30 publicly available trackers evaluated [34].
Detailed study of FUV Jovian auroral features with the post-COSTAR HST faint object camera

A set of Hubble Space Telescope faint object camera images taken in the H 2 bands near 1550 A is used to infer the morphological properties of the steady state Jovian FUV aurorae. We focus on issues best addressed using the excellent spatial resolution available after correction of the spherical aberration, i.e., those related to high latitude or small auroral features. A thorough comparison of the emission loci with model ovals highlights the improvement of the VIP4 magnetic field model over previous ones at all latitudes. The northsouth conjugacy of the main oval is now correctly accounted for, and second-order discrepancies suggest non axially symmetric contributions of external origin. This oval is usually amazingly narrow (down to 80 ± 50 km) and very bright, although quite variable with time (100 kR to 1-2 MR, i.e., peak input flux of∼ 10-200 ergs cm -2 s -1 ). We discuss its structure, in latitude and longitude, and show that it is consistent with precipitation by pitch angle scattering. Fainter concentric narrow ovals are also present on the north polar cap, presumably at the footprint of open field lines. Both polar caps are partly covered by a faint diffuse emission, confined to the afternoon sector in magnetic local time. A bright extended feature, previously identified across the north polar cap along the 160° meridian, might be not a specific auroral feature but rather a region where inner arcs and diffuse polar cap emissions are intensified, maybe by a solar wind driven ionospheric process. Equatorward of the main oval, we identify a belt of moderate emission, attributed to a precipitation process distributed between the In torus and the distant magnetosphere. Longitudinally confined bright areas lie in the same latitude range and consist of series of short segments of concentric arcs. We also present the discovery of a narrow faint oval at the footprint of Io's orbit. Finally, we confirm that the FUV footprints of the Io flux tube are very small (a few hundreds of kilometers or less), implying an interaction close to Io. The input energy flux in this spots is huge and variable (0.8-5 x 10 11 W).
Protection against Nasopharyngeal Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Mediated by Antigen-Speciﬁc CD4 (cid:1) T Cells (cid:1)

CD4 (cid:1) T-cell-dependent acquired immunity confers antibody-independent protection against pneumococcal colonization. Since this mechanism is poorly understood for extracellular bacteria, we assessed the antigen speciﬁcity of the induction and recall of this immune response by using BALB/c DO11.10Rag (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice, which lack mature B and T cells except for CD4 (cid:1) T cells speciﬁc for the OVA 323–339 peptide derived from ovalbumin. Serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 603S and unencapsulated strain Rx1 (cid:3) lyt A were modiﬁed to express OVA 323–339 as a fusion protein with surface protein A (PspA) (strains 603OVA 1 and Rx1 (cid:3) lytA OVA 1 ) or with PspA, neuraminidase A, and pneumolysin (Rx1 (cid:3) lytA OVA 3 ). Whole-cell vaccines (WCV) were made of ethanol-killed cells of Rx1 (cid:3) lytA plus cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant, of Rx1 (cid:3) lytA OVA 1 (cid:1) CT (WCV-OVA 1 ), and of Rx1 (cid:3) lytA OVA 3 (cid:1) CT (WCV-OVA 3 ). Mice intranasally immunized with WCV-OVA 1 , but not with WCV or CT alone, were protected against intranasal challenge with 603OVA 1 . There was no protection against strain 603S in mice immunized with WCV-OVA 1 . These results indicate antigen speciﬁcity of both immune induction and the recall response. Effector action was not restricted to antigen-bearing bacteria since colonization by 603S was reduced in animals immunized with vaccines made of OVA-expressing strains when ovalbumin or killed Rx1 (cid:3) lytA OVA 3 antigen was administered around the time of challenge. CD4 (cid:1) T-cell-mediated protection against pneumococcal colonization can be induced in an antigen-speciﬁc fashion and requires speciﬁc antigen for effective bacterial clearance, but this activity may extend beyond antigen-expressing bacteria. These results are consistent with the recruitment and/or activation of phagocytic or other nonspeciﬁc effectors by antigen- speciﬁc CD4 (cid:1) T cells.