Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - importance of appropriate empirical therapy in serious infections

India has been titled the capital of antimicrobial resistance in the world with the centre for disease dynamics, economics and policy (CDDEP) predicting two million deaths in India by 2050. As per the World Health Organisation’s global priority pathogen list of 2017, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been classified as a ‘high priority’ pathogen due to its association with increased mortality rate, rising prevalence of resistance and increased burden on healthcare settings. A recent report by Indian Council of Medical Research signifies the exponential rise in the prevalence of MRSA in India, from 29% in 2009 to 39% in 2018. Serious MRSA infections are commonly associated with poor clinical outcomes coupled with increased hospitalisation stay and cost. Therefore, early identification and appropriate empiric treatment of MRSA plays a crucial role in healthcare settings. However, the constant rise in multi-drug resistance to the currently available anti-MRSA agents as well as their compromised safety profile limits its clinical use to manage severe MRSA infections. This review article explores the implications of severe MRSA infections and inappropriate empirical therapy on the clinical as well as economic outcomes. In addition, it also highlights limitations of the currently available anti-MRSA agents and the need for newer agents to manage multi drug resistant (MDR) gram positive infections.
Conjugal Visits in Prisons Discourse: The Prisoners’ Voice in Malawi

The issue of possible provision of prisoners’ conjugal rights in jurisdictions not yet allowing them, such as Malawi, is still an intricate debate amongst the stakeholders. However, the most important stakeholder in the issue, the prisoner, is usually left out of the discourse. This study analyzed the perceptions of randomly sampled 305 prisoners on conjugal visits at one of the central prisons in Malawi. Both qualitative and quantitative data from prisoners’ perceptions were collected and used concurrently. The key finding was that prisoners (male and female) in Malawi generally had positive perceptions regarding conjugal visits since more than 80% of the respondents (n=305) reported that conjugal visits were good and recommended their possible introduction in Malawi. These incarcerated persons opined that conjugal visits reduced problems of homosexuality, sexual assaults, physical violence in prisons, supporting prisoners’ rehabilitation and reintegration efforts as well as helping prisoners in preserving and establishing family ties. Prisoners also viewed conjugal visits as another way of dealing with the HIV and AIDS problem in Malawi prisons. Though the potential challenge was reported to be its costs, it was opined that the programme was still worthy of introducing. It was therefore concluded that the prisoners’ voice is also valuable in not only conjugal visits discourse but also in all issues related to law and policy that concern them.
Continuous Outflow Variation along Irrigation Laterals: Effect of the Number of Outlets

Previous continuous-uniform outlet discharge approaches for the hydraulic analysis of irrigation laterals are generally valid for large (theoretically) infinite number of outlets. For a finite number of outlets, however, these approaches may lead to errors in hydraulic computation. A new continuous-uniform outflow approach that takes into account the effect of the number of outlets on the lateral hydraulics is presented. A new analytical equation describing the energy line shape along uniform sprinkle and trickle irrigation laterals and manifolds is developed. The effect of ground slope and velocity head on hydraulic computation is also considered. The method is however restricted by the simplified assumption of equal outlet discharge. An alternate improved analytical method considering the effect of non-uniform outflow distribution along the lateral is also included. Analytical expressions for determining the inlet pressure head and global statistical parameters characterizing the outflow distribution (Christiansen uniformity coefficient, pressure head variation) are developed for design and evaluation purposes. Comparison tests with an accurate numerical stepwise method indicated that the proposed simplified approach is more accurate than other previous works particularly when the number of outlets is relatively small. The improved method is the most accurate method for all cases examined even for low levels of uniformity.
Sporadic Associated Mobile Networks with Auto Adjust Dispute Realisation Routing Protocol

3 Abstract— For Delay Resistant Networks that are perhaps compiled of an immense number of devices in miniature such as smart phones of heterogeneous capacities in price of energy resources and buffer spaces, this paper introduces a modern multi-copy routing protocol, called Auto Adjust Utility-based Routing Protocol (AAURP). An entourage of environment parameters, such as wireless channel condition, nodal buffer occupancy, and encounter statistics, are collectively considered to characterize AAURP for the ability to name possible chances for forwarding messages to the destination via a modern function utility based mechanism. Thus, AAURP can reroute messages around nodes feeling high buffer occupancy, wireless noise and congestion, while taking a substantially small amount of transmissions. In AAURP, the developed utility function is proved to be able to achieve optimal performance, which is further examined via a random modelling approach. To verify the formulated analytical model and compare the suggested AAURP wide simulations are conducted with a number of recently reported encounter-based routing approaches in terms of delivery ratio, delivery delay, and the number of transmissions needed for the message delivery. The simulation results show that AAURP outstrips all the counterpart multi-copy encounter-based routing protocols conceived in the study.
ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC RETURNS OF FIELD CROPS WITH BALANCED NUTRIENT APPLICATION THROUGH SITE SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT APPROACH

Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) aims at balanced nutrient application to crops based on the nutrient requirement to produce a unit quantity of yield, the native nutrient supplying capacity of soil and specific targeted yield. On-farm research cum demonstrations on precision nutrient application through SSNM to field crops viz., maize, rice, wheat, rabi jowar, sunflower, cotton, chilli and chickpea were carried out on vertisols under protective irrigation at different locations of northern Karnataka for two years. The trials consisted 3-treatments of nutrient application viz., based on SSNM, Recommended Dose of Fertilisers (RDF) and Farmers Fertiliser Practice (FFP). Major nutrients to be applied under SSNM was decided considering the soil test results, soil test rating for N, P2O5 and K2O, nutrient removal and set yield target for each crop. Pooled data of two years shown that in cereal crops, the magnitude of increase in grain yield due to SSNM over RDF and FFP was about 17% and 28.6%, respectively in maize, 12% and 24% in rice, 17.7% and 32.8% in wheat and 22.4% and 35.7% in rabi Jowar. In commercial crops, SSNM enhanced the seed cotton yield to the extent of 15.2% and 27% over RDF and FFP respectively, while the dry chilli yield increased by 12.8% and 23.6% as against the RDF and FFP. The grain yield of sunflower and chickpea under SSNM were higher by 20.9% and 34.8% and 19.6% and 26.4% respectively over RDF and FFP, which also resulted into higher net returns under SSNM. The net returns under SSNM in all these crops was higher as compared to RDF and FFP. Hence, balanced nutrient application through SSNM could enhance the crop productivity and economic returns over RDF and the farmers practice (FFP).
Concentration, Agglomeration and Plants' scope ⁄

Following the model-based approach of Ellison and Glaeser (1997), we develop a coherent methodology to test for the presence of both spatial concentration and agglomeration in Italian manufacturing industries using 1996 census year data. Concentration is an a-spatial concept of variability that is invariant to permutation, and could be measured with the standard locational Gini or with the more sophisticated Ellison and Glaeser index. By contrast, agglomeration is concerned with distances: as far as a phenomenon displays some variability, observations may in fact be distributed in a two-dimensional space in order to form some speciflc distance-based pattern. Crucially, spatial correlation patterns are a distinguish feature of New Economic Geography models, that neither \traditional" externalities (like the MAR one) nor factor endowments could really justify. Therefore, spatial correlation could help disentangle the role of the so-called \pecuniary" externalities from other forces shaping the distribution of economic activities. In the paper, we will pay special attention to the role of plants’ size. Previous flndings in the literature has already found some evidence of a connection between clustering and the scope of plants, but little work has been devoted to the causal nature of this relation as well as to the role of agglomeration. Our results indicate that, for the majority of industries, big plants are much more concentrated that small ones, with size and concentration simultaneously in∞uencing each other. On the other hand, small units seems to be more spatially correlated, suggesting that the role of market proximity and input-output linkages is more important for the latter. Our flndings also suggest that those policies that increase accessibility (roads, transportation infrastructures, etc.) would have a disproportional re-location efiect on small rather than big establishments.
Probability of Success: A Crucial Concept to Inform Decision Making in Pharmaceutical Research and Development

The probability of success of a proposed clinical trial or late-stage drug development program is a crucial measure that should be more broadly used to support informed decision making in pharmaceutical research and development. Clinical pharmacologists and pharmacometricians can play important roles, along with other scientists and clinicians, by applying principles of model- informed drug development to estimate the probability of success of clinical trials and development programs based on a totality of evidence mindset. Approximately 90% of investigational new candidates fail during development. This attrition rate contrib-utes greatly to the total cost of research and development new Managing clinical because and no- go decisions for drug are made based on the of significant un-certainties. Of the to (or not) with phase III clinical trials and beyond is the most critical one because of huge
Quality control in irrigation and fertigation with cassava processing wastewater into drip system

The objective of this research was to apply techniques of quality control to monitor the uniformity in irrigation and fertigation with cassava processing wastewater through a drip irrigation system. The work was performed at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Center - NEEA, part of the State University of West Parana, in the city of Cascavel – Parana, Brazil. Twenty-five irrigation tests and 25 fertigation tests were performed, in which it was evaluated the coefficient of flow variation (CVQ), of emission uniformity (EU) and Christiansen uniformity (CUC). Subsequently, these coefficients were used to build Shewhart control charts and for the calculation of the process capacity index (Cpl). In the irrigation, the CVQ for all the tests were classified as excellent, the EU presented only one value under 90% and the CUC obtained all the data above this percentage. In the fertigation, the CVQ varied from good to excellent, the EU and the CUC were classified as acceptable to good. The values of Cpl obtained a relation with the uniformity coefficient, in which they were inversely proportional to CVQ and directly proportional to CUC. The use of quality control techniques allowed the evaluation of the system capacity to maintain satisfactory levels of uniformity.
In Vitro and In Vivo Protective Effects of Lentil (Lens culinaris) Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Excessive oxidative stress plays a role in hepatotoxicity and the pathogenesis of hepatic diseases. In our previous study, the phenolic extract of beluga lentil (BLE) showed the most potent in vitro antioxidant activity among extracts of four common varieties of lentils; thus, we hypothesized that BLE might protect liver cells against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity. BLE was evaluated for its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in AML12 mouse hepatocytes and BALB/c mice. H2O2 treatment caused a marked decrease in cell viability; however, pretreatment with BLE (25–100 μg/mL) for 24 h significantly preserved the viability of H2O2-treated cells up to about 50% at 100 μg/mL. As expected, BLE dramatically reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a dose-dependent manner in H2O2-treated cells. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that BLE reduced cellular ROS levels, partly by increasing expression of antioxidant genes. Furthermore, pretreatment with BLE (400 mg/kg) for 2 weeks significantly reduced serum levels of alanine transaminase and triglyceride by about 49% and 40%, respectively, and increased the expression and activity of glutathione peroxidase in CCl4-treated BALB/c mice. These results suggest that BLE protects liver cells against oxidative stress, partly by inducing cellular antioxidant system; thus, it represents a potential source of nutraceuticals with hepatoprotective effects.
Human Resource Accounting Disclosure (HRAD) In Bangladesh: Multifactor Regression Analysis - A Decisive Tool of Quality Assessment

Human Resources are the energies, skills, talents and knowledge of people which are, or which potentially can be applied to the production of goods or rendering useful services (M. Narayanankutty). The term “human resource” has been defined in various ways with one commonalty, and that is, the value that different activities exercised within an organization along with the environments in which it operates provide to that organization. Embodied in the activities include behavior, knowledge, experience, attitude, morale, corporate culture, to mention but a few, that when put together becomes of economic value to the organization.
A comparative study of satisfaction and family conflicts among married nurses with different working hours

Objective: Compared with other employees, Iranian nurses can lead a very difficult and exhausting life, especially when they are married and have different working hours. In this regard, the present study was carried out in order to compare satisfaction and family conflict among married nurses with different working hours in Tehran. Materials and Method: Multistage cluster sampling was employed to select 230 individuals from among 3,000 married female nurses working in teaching hospitals in Tehran. Among the selected participants, 115 were working morning shift and 115 on evening shift on a rotating shift basis. Enrich marital satisfaction scale and Carlson's work--family conflict questionnaire were employed in order to measure the study's variables. Results: Results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of marital satisfaction (P > 0.05). However, they were significantly different with regard to work--family conflict (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that being a nurse implies this notion to other people that nurses are not dissatisfied with their marriage; however, family members may not have such a mutual understanding about them.
Age-Specific Thyroid Internal Dose Estimation for Koreans

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection is preparing to pro-vide reference dose coefficients for environmental radioiodine intake based on newly developed age-specific biokinetic models. However, the biokinetics of iodine has been reported to be strongly dependent on the dietary intake of stable iodine; for example, the thyroidal uptake of iodine may be substantially lower in iodine-rich regions than in iodine-deficient regions. There-fore, this study attempted to establish a system of age-specific thyroid dose estimation for South Koreans, whose daily iodine intakes are significantly higher than that of the world population. Materials and Methods: Korean age-specific biokinetic parameters and thyroid masses were derived based on the previously developed Korean adult model and the Korean anatomical reference data for adults, respectively. This study complied with the principles used in the development of age-specific biokinetic models for world population and used the ratios of baseline values for each age group relative to the value for adults to derive age-specific values. Results and Discussion: Biokinetic model predictions based on the Korean age-specific parameters showed significant differences in iodine behaviors in the body compared to those predicted using the model for the world population. In particular, the Korean age-specific thyroid dose coefficients for 129 I and 131 I were considerably lower than those calculated for the world population (25%–76% of the values for the world population). Conclusion: These differences stress the need for Korean-specific internal dose assessments for infants and children, which can be achieved by using the data calculated in this study.
Single-passband single-stopband narrow-band filters

Techniques are presented for obtaining an optimum filter response for narrow-band requirements of a single passband and a single stopband. For certain transformed equiripple passband responses, including Chebyshev and elliptic function responses and a new "double n/2 poles" response, the minimum number of resonators can be easily determined, resulting in reduced size and weight relative to more conventional frequency-symmetric bandpass or bandstop filters.
Multi‐scenario simulation on reducing CO2 emissions from China's major manufacturing industries targeting 2060

CO2 emissions from industrial processes are the main components of global greenhouse gas emissions. Based on analyzing the industrial activity level, technological progress, raw material substitution, and CO2 recycling ratio from the cement, aluminum, ammonia, steel, lime, and ferroalloy industries, this paper considers three scenarios, namely, national determined contribution (NDC), carbon mitigation scenario (CMS), and deep mitigation scenario (DMS), and systematically explores the CO2 emissions from future industrial processes as well as relevant cumulative emissions, emission sources, mitigation potentials, and mitigation sources in China. The results demonstrate that CO2 emissions of the six main industrial processes can be continuously and significantly reduced in China. In the scenarios, compared with the 2020 level (1448 million metric tons of CO2), the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 71%, 82%, and 94%, respectively, in 2060, mainly owing to the reduction of the activity level, the adjustment of the product structure and the application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) under the DMS scenario. This paper provides several major policy implications to reduce the CO2 emissions through adjusting the industrial structure and current lifestyles, improving the durability of industrial products and the management and technical levels, increasing the substitution ratio of low‐carbon raw materials in industrial production, supporting innovative low‐carbon technologies, the establishment and operation of the carbon market and carbon pricing mechanism, and further promoting the current “leader” system of energy‐intensive industries.
How social communications affect product line design in the platform economy

The booming platform economy has made it very convenient for consumers to communicate with each other through social media whenever and wherever they want. As industry and academia have repeatedly confirmed, such social communications are now significantly changing firms' business and management practices. This paper studies how social communications affect an upstream firm's product line design in the platform economy when an online platform makes strategic contract choices. We show that for both wholesale and agency contracts, social communications increase the product line length while decreasing the product price and quality. We also identify the conditions under which social communications provide a firm with fewer incentives for product line extension under a wholesale contract than under an agency contract. On the platform side, we show that an agency contract can be preferred in the presence of social communications over a wholesale contract if and only if the commission rate is sufficiently high or both the commission rate and the product line extension fee are moderate.
STABILITY OF MILK FLOW KINETICS IN SHEEP DURING MACHINE MILKING

The goal of this investigation was to describe the milk flow kinetics in response to machine milking in ewes of Tsigai (TS, n = 13), improved Valachian (iV, n = 12), Lacaune (LC, n = 12), TS x LC (50%, n = 12) and iV x LC (50%, n = 12) breeds and to determine a possible relationship with milk production. individual stability of milk flow kinetics over the lactation was also evaluated. Milk flow data were recorded during three consecutive evening milkings in the middle of May (ewes on their 74±12 d in milk) and during one evening milking in the middle of next three months (June, July, and august). Three types of milk flow kinetics were described for evaluation (one emission 1P, two emissions 2P, and one milk emission with steady-state milk flow PL). on the basis of milk flow profiles during three consecutive evening machine milkings in May three groups of ewes were created for further study; the first group (2Pc): ewes with 2P pattern (n = 22), the second group (PLc): ewes with PL pattern (n = 32) and the third group (1Pc): ewes with 1Pc pattern (n = 7). The ewe was considered as having stabile milk flow profile when all milk flow types were the same in May and at least three of four were the same throughout lactation. The profile of milk flow kinetics of individual ewes was very stabile among three consecutive evening milkings in the middle of May but a pattern of milk flow changed throughout lactation. three consecutive evening milkings in the middle of May but a pattern of milk flow changed throughout lactation. but a pattern of milk flow changed throughout lactation. The ewes with stabile milk flow patterns over lactation represented 69 %. The highest stability was seen in the group 1Pc (100 %) and the lowest in the group PLc (55 %). 2Pc group showed milk flow pattern stability at 70 %. in total, the frequency of occurrence of 2P, 1P and PL for whole period was 39 %, 28 % and 33 %; respectively. These results provide an important evidence of difference in milking ability between two main sheep breeds used in Slovakia (T sigai and improved Valachian) and Lacaune breed.