Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric Disturbances in Low‐ and Midlatitudes During the Geomagnetic Storm on 26 August 2018

Plasma density depletions at midlatitudes during geomagnetic storms are often understood in terms of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) due to their morphological similarity. However, our study reports the observations that reveal the generation of plasma depletions at midlatitudes by local sources. During the geomagnetic storm on 26 August 2018, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and Swarm satellites detected plasma depletions at midlatitudes in the Asian sector in the absence of EPBs in the equatorial region. This observation and the total electron content (TEC) maps over Japan demonstrate that traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are the sources of midlatitude plasma depletions in the Asian sector. Near the west coast of the United States, the development of a narrow TEC depletion band was identified from TEC maps. The TEC depletion band, which is elongated in the northwest–southeast direction, moves toward the west with a velocity of approximately 240 m/s. The TEC at the TEC depletion band is about 5 TEC units (1016 m−2) smaller than the ambient TEC. As this band is confined to the midlatitudes, this phenomenon is not associated with an EPB. The characteristics of the TEC depletion band are consistent with those of medium‐scale TIDs. Observations in the Asian sector and the TEC depletion band over the United States demonstrate that plasma depletions can develop at midlatitudes by local sources. Therefore, the morphological similarity between midlatitude irregularities and EPBs or their coincident occurrence does not provide corroborating evidence of their connection.
The Role of Celebrity Endorsements in Breaking Advertising Clutter and reducing Advertising Avoidance on Social Media Networks

In the light of the business environment dominated by marketing noise and advertisements that surround us from every angle, relying on the popularity of social networks has become insufficient to pass advertising messages into the minds of the customers. We live today amid a sea of advertising clutter that undermined the efforts of marketers in conveying their voices to target customers. Besides, technology has given customers greater opportunities to choose the appropriate way to deal with advertising messages, whether by ignoring or blocking them. Therefore, the study sought to reveal the extent of the existence of advertising clutter on social media networks and its relationship to advertising avoidance, and then determine the role that celebrity endorsement can contribute to breaking this clutter and reducing advertising avoidance. The study adopted the quantitative approach in measuring its variables by surveying a large sample of Iraqi social network users, which numbered (837) respondents. The study concluded that advertising clutter on social networks has reached unjustified and unwelcome levels. Moreover, the results confirmed that the celebrity endorsement strategy has a prominent role in penetrating clutter and reducing advertising avoidance.
Job Burnout of Military Men Stationed in Xinjiang

Objective To explore job burnout of military men,in order to provide basic reference data for psychological research in military men stationed in Xinjiang.Methods Evaluation was carried out with the Job Burnout Scale for Military Personnel in 3878 soldiers chosen by random cluster sampling method from military men stationed in Xinjiang.and the data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA analysis.Results Statistically significant differences(t=4.789,F=58.526,P0.01)were found in the total score and each factor scores of job burnout among the army,the air force and the armed police stationed in Xinjiang,the comparisons of LSD method found that the factor scores were significantly higher in the army than in the air force and the armed police,and the air force were significantly higher than in the armed police.There were statistically significant differences in the sense of accomplishment(t=5.986,P0.01),somatization(t=2.640,P0.01),self-evaluation(t=-2.513,P0.01),interpersonal relationships(t=7.207,P0.01),concealing(t=4.338,P0.01)and the total score(t=3.722,P0.01)between soldiers and officers.Officers were significantly higher than soldiers.Conclusion It has been proved that the Job Burnout Scale of the army is reliable and good valid,The military job burnout characteristics of in present study has important value in researching on job burnout of the army stationed in Xinjiang,which provides a basis for further exploring the establishment of the norm of soldiers burnout inventory of the army stationed in Xinjiang.
Methods of group theory in Leibniz algebras: some compelling results

The theory of Leibniz algebras has been developing quite intensively. Most of the results on the structural features of Leibniz algebras were obtained for finite-dimensional algebras and many of them over fields of characteristic zero. A number of these results are analogues of the corresponding theorems from the theory of Lie algebras. The specifics of Leibniz algebras, the features that distinguish them from Lie algebras, can be seen from the description of Leibniz algebras of small dimensions. However, this description concerns algebras over fields of characteristic zero. Some reminiscences of the theory of groups are immediately striking, precisely with its period when the theory of finite groups was already quite developed, and the theory of infinite groups only arose, i.e., with the time when the formation of the general theory of groups took place. Therefore, the idea of using this experience naturally arises. It is clear that we cannot talk about some kind of similarity of results; we can talk about approaches and problems, about application of group theory philosophy. Moreover, every theory has several natural problems that arise in the process of its development, and these problems quite often have analogues in other disciplines. In the current survey, we want to focus on such issues: our goal is to observe which parts of the picture involving a general structure of Leibniz algebras have already been drawn, and which parts of this picture should be developed further.
Aspirin and Infection: A Narrative Review

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. It derives from the extract of white willow bark, whose therapeutic potential was known in Egypt since 1534 BC. ASA’s pharmacological effects are historically considered secondary to its anti-inflammatory, platelet-inhibiting properties; however, human studies demonstrating a pro-inflammatory effect of ASA exist. It is likely that we are aware of only part of ASA’s mechanisms of action; moreover, the clinical effect is largely dependent on dosages. During the past few decades, evidence of the anti-infective properties of ASA has emerged. We performed a review of such research in order to provide a comprehensive overview of ASA and viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, as well as ASA’s antibiofilm properties.
Identification of Key Genes Related to Postnatal Testicular Development Based on Transcriptomic Data of Testis in Hu Sheep

The selection of testis size can improve the reproductive capacity of livestock used for artificial insemination and has been considered as an important strategy for accelerating the breeding process. Although much work has been done to investigate the mechanisms of testis development in various species, there is little information available in regard to the differences in transcriptomic profiling of sheep testes at different developmental stages. In this work, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-Seq in sheep during different growth stages, including 0 month old (infant, M0), 3 months old (puberty, M3), 6 months old (sexual maturity, M6) and 12 months old (body maturity, M12). A total of 4,606 (2,381 up and 2,225 down), 7,500 (4,368 up and 3,132 down), 15 (8 up and seven down) DEGs were identified in M3_vs_M0, M6_vs_M3, and M12_vs_M6 comparison, respectively. Of which, a number of genes were continuously up-regulated and down-regulated with testicular development, including ODF3, ZPBP1, PKDREJ, MYBL1, PDGFA, IGF1, LH, INSL3, VIM, AMH, INHBA, COL1A1, COL1A2, and INHA. GO analysis illustrated that DEGs were mainly involved in testis development and spermatogenesis. KEGG analysis identified several important pathways and verified several reproduction-associated DEGs such as COL1A1, COL1A2, PDGFA, and IGF1. In addition, two gene modules highly associated with testis development and core genes with testis size were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), including hub genes positively associated with testis size such as RANBP9, DNAH17, SPATA4, CIB4 and SPEM1, and those negatively associated with testis size such as CD81, CSK, PDGFA, VIM, and INHBA. This study comprehensively identified key genes related to sheep testicular development, which may provide potential insights for understanding male fertility and better guide in animal breeding.
Aβ/APP-induced hyperexcitability and dysregulation of homeostatic synaptic plasticity in models of Alzheimer’s disease

The proper function of the nervous system is dependent on the appropriate timing of neuronal firing. Synapses continually undergo rapid activity-dependent modifications that require feedback mechanisms to maintain network activity within a window in which communication is energy efficient and meaningful. Homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) and homeostatic intrinsic plasticity (HIP) are such negative feedback mechanisms. Accumulating evidence implicates that Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its cleavage product amyloid-beta (Aβ) play a role in the regulation of neuronal network activity, and in particular HSP. AD features impaired neuronal activity with regional early hyper-activity and Aβ-dependent hyperexcitability has also been demonstrated in AD transgenic mice. We demonstrate similar hyper-activity in AD transgenic neurons in culture that have elevated levels of both human APP and Aβ. To examine the individual roles of APP and Aβ in promoting hyperexcitability we used an APP construct that does not generate Aβ, or elevated Aβ levels independently of APP. Increasing either APP or Aβ in wild type (WT) neurons leads to increased frequency and amplitude of calcium transients. Since HSP/HIP mechanisms normally maintain a setpoint of activity, we examined whether homeostatic synaptic/intrinsic plasticity was altered in AD transgenic neurons. Using methods known to induce HSP/HIP, we demonstrate that APP protein levels are regulated by chronic modulation of activity and show that AD transgenic neurons have an impaired response to global changes in activity. Further, AD transgenic compared to WT neurons failed to adjust the length of their axon initial segments (AIS), an adaptation known to alter excitability. Thus, we present evidence that both APP and Aβ influence neuronal activity and that mechanisms of HSP/HIP are disrupted in neuronal models of AD.
Influence of Friction Stir Process on the Physical, Microstructural, Corrosive, and Electrical Properties of an Al–Mg Alloy Modified with Ti–B Additives

In this study, two successive methods were used to improve the grain structure and the mechanical and physical properties of Al 5052 aluminum alloy. The modifying elements, 0.99 wt. % of titanium (Ti) and 0.2 wt. % of boron (B), were added during the casting process. After solidification, single- and double-pass friction stir processing (FSP) were performed to achieve additional grain refinement and disperse the newly formed phases well. The addition of Ti–B modifiers significantly improved the mechanical and physical properties of the Al 5052 aluminum alloy. Nevertheless, only a 3% improvement in microhardness was achieved. The ultimate strength (US), yield strength (YS), and elastic modulus were investigated. In addition, the electrical conductivity was reduced by 56% compared to the base alloys. The effects of grain refinement on thermal expansion and corrosion rate were studied; the modified alloy with Ti–B in the as-cast state showed lower dimension stability than the samples treated with the FSP method. The grain refinement significantly affected the corrosion resistance; for example, single and double FSP passes reduced the corrosion rate by 11.4 times and 19.2 times, respectively. The successive FSP passes, resulting in a non-porous structure, increased the bulk density and formed precipitates with high bulk density.
Evaluation of Rotation, Tipping and Extrusion During Canine Retraction by Sliding Mechanics Using Different Arch Wires.

Aims: To evaluate the amount of rotation, tipping and extrusion using different wires and to Estimate the difference in the amount of tipping, rotation and extrusion between Stainless steel and Teflon ligature in different wires. Materials and Methods: The standardizing criteria were all Typodont teeth situated in well–aligned, covered and immobilized by the acrylic bite except canine; The available space for canine sliding was (14 mm) measured by digital vernia. Elastic chain exerting 180 gm of force on canine measured carefully by tension gauge. In both vertical and horizontal direction a photographs that were taken for Typodont using digital camera. The angle between bite plane extension bar and Canine extension bar were (90 o ) measured by protractor directly on the photograph. Preformed band with its attachments, ready made stainless steel, composite coated and TMA arch wires all were (0.018×0.025) with the use of stainless steel and Teflon ligature, Standard titanium spring 11 mm length, Typodont components, within six types of connection the two types of ligation material had been applied to the three different wires then the 1 st premolar space tend to be closed by distal canine displacement then the resultant rotation, tipping and extrusion were measured. Statistical Descriptive analysis: One–way and, Two–ways Analysis of Variance were done to detect the variability between methods and which is the best. Results: Three important results showed in the study: First, canine sliding over the composite coated arch wire with the use of stainless steel ligature gave rise to significant decrease in rotation, tipping and extrusion when compared with other methods. Second, stainless steel ligature when compared with Teflon ligature of the same corresponding method gave rise to a significant decrease in the degree of rotation tipping and extrusion. Third, Composite coated arch wires showed lowest degree of rotation then followed by TMA arch wires ordinarily this is due to their rough surface. The largest rotation seen in the stainless steel arch wire this is due to its smooth surface texture, and the same thing for the tipping of the composite coated wires that gave rise to the lowest degree of tipping followed by the stainless steel wires, these result possibly due to their stiffness then higher tipping seen at TMA wires ordinarily a result of their flexibility this sequence were the same for both types of ligations. Conclusions: Best method of space closure is the use of either composite coated arch wire or stainless steel arch wire with stainless steel ligature that give us highest resistance to tipping, lowest extrusion and relatively little rotation when compared with other methods.
MODELING WIND FARMS IN POWER SYSTEM SIMULATION STUDIES: A REVIEW

The penetration of wind energy in power systems inc reasing and has began to influence overall power system behavior. This si tuation has to be investigated in order to sustain reliable power sys tem operation. However, adequate models of power system components and wind energy conversion systems are needed to use in grid investigation stu dies and simulations. In this study, a review is given of the modeling issues about grid with wind power.
Target site resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in a fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.) accession from Wisconsin and its response to alternative herbicides

Abstract Owing to the lack of effective POST herbicide options, producers typically rely on nicosulfuron as the main POST grass herbicide in sweet corn production systems. In 2019, a Wisconsin sweet corn producer reported fall panicum control escapes after spraying nicosulfuron. Seeds from mature plants were collected to (1) measure fall panicum response to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, (2) elucidate the resistance mechanism, and (3) evaluate its response to alternative POST herbicides. Greenhouse and laboratory investigations were conducted to assess fall panicum response to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and elucidate the resistance mechanism. Dose–response results showed that fall panicum was highly resistant to nicosulfuron with a resistance ratio of >12.9-fold (survived rates >254 g ai ha–1, or 8× the field label rate). Molecular and genetic studies indicated that there are multiple ALS gene copies in fall panicum and that resistance was due to a mutation in one copy, resulting in an Asp-376Glu amino acid substitution. Additional greenhouse experiments indicate that clethodim (105 g ai ha–1), quizalofop-p-ethyl (70 g ae ha–1), glyphosate (864 g ae ha–1), and glufosinate (650 g ai ha–1) are effective POST options to manage the ALS-resistant fall panicum (>90.0% control and 96.8% biomass reduction) in rotational years. The 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides isoxaflutole (105 g ai ha–1), mesotrione (105 g ai ha–1), tembotrione (92 g ai ha–1), and tolpyralate (39 g ai ha–1) did not provide effective POST fall panicum control. Because these herbicides are commonly used for POST weed control in sweet corn, more investigations are required to evaluate combinations of HPPD-inhibiting herbicides with herbicides from other sites of action for POST fall panicum control. Herein we confirm the first case of herbicide resistance in fall panicum in the United States. Nomenclature: clethodim; glufosinate; glyphosate; isoxaflutole; mesotrione; nicosulfuron; tembotrione; tolpyralate; quizalofop-p-ethyl; fall panicum; Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. ; sweet corn; Zea mays L. var. saccharate
A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT BLASTING MODES AND EXPLOSIVE TYPES ON GROUND VIBRATIONS

In order to assess the variation of ground vibration intensity, if any, due to the use of three different blasting methods and two different types of explosives, a large number of monitored ground vibrations was analysed in an open cut coal mine. This work involved 86 sets of blast data for different types of blasting when ANFO and Slurry explosives were used in this mine. Statistical analysis of the data sets resulted in 5 of the best fitting empirical relationships between peak particle velocity and scaled distance with excellent values of coefficients of correlations. A comparison of the analytical work revealed that the level of ground vibration varies significantly with the changing method of blasting and/or explosive type. The roles of these factors have been quantified. The rate of the vibration reduction, due to the variation of blasting modes and/or explosive type, varies within each blasting method. These rates are higher in lower ranges of scaled distances, but converge to an almost constant rate at certain scaled distances. The range of this rate varies from 45.77% to 89.34% for free face blasting, and from 38.72% to 56.28% for a buffered blast, depending on the explosive type and scaled distance. It was also observed that one of the two site-specific parameters in the empirical vibration criterion is influenced significantly by the variation of the blasting method and explosive type. However, the other parameter is not much affected by these two factors, and is shown to be more loyal to ground conditions. Keywords– Blasting, ground vibration, coal mine, particle velocity, buffered blast, free face, explosives
Reviewing the potential role of radiation therapy in gallbladder cancer: an update

Gallbladder cancer is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis. It is the most common cancer of the biliary tract pathway. Although surgery remains the treatment of choice for early-stage disease, majority of the patients presents in locally advanced, unresectable and metastatic stage of the disease. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy thus form an integral part of management for these locally advanced staged patients. The role of radiation though has been advocated in gallbladder cancer, majorly in the adjuvant setting, its role in neoadjuvant and palliative settings remains in an evolving phase. The article thus aims to review and update the existing literature regarding the role of radiation therapy in gallbladder cancer.
Viral and Host Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers Related to SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry, Infection Rate, and Disease Severity

Simple Summary COVID-19 emerged as a new disease with quick transmission and a high mortality rate at the end of 2019, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Common features of the coronavirus family helped resolve structural and entry mechanism characteristics of SARS-CoV-2. Still, rapid mutagenesis leads to the fast evolution of the virus and the emergence of new strains that differ in infectivity, morbidity, and mortality. Besides differences in the viral genome, genetic variability in the host defense and immune systems may also play a role in the outcome of virus–host interactions. Furthermore, epigenetic mechanisms may also influence the outcomes, including miRNA gene silencing and DNA methylation, which may be heavily influenced by SARS-CoV-2. Molecular biomarkers are intensively investigated as potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers of the disease course and treatment response. We reviewed new data regarding the mechanisms behind fast virus mutagenesis, infectivity, and potential human genetic and epigenetic characteristics that may lead to a more severe or lethal outcome of the disease. Abstract The rapid spread of COVID-19 outbreak lead to a global pandemic declared in March 2020. The common features of corona virus family helped to resolve structural characteristics and entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. However, rapid mutagenesis leads to the emergence of new strains that may have different reproduction rates or infectivity and may impact the course and severity of the disease. Host related factors may also play a role in the susceptibility for infection as well as the severity and outcomes of the COVID-19. We have performed a literature and database search to summarize potential viral and host-related genomic and epigenomic biomarkers, such as genetic variability, miRNA, and DNA methylation in the molecular pathway of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell, that may be related to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Bioinformatics tools may help to predict the effect of mutations in the spike protein on the binding to the ACE2 receptor and the infectivity of the strain. SARS-CoV-2 may also target several transcription factors and tumour suppressor genes, thus influencing the expression of different host genes and affecting cell signalling. In addition, the virus may interfere with RNA expression in host cells by exploiting endogenous miRNA and its viral RNA. Our analysis showed that numerous human miRNA may form duplexes with different coding and non-coding regions of viral RNA. Polymorphisms in human genes responsible for viral entry and replication, as well as in molecular damage response and inflammatory pathways may also contribute to disease prognosis and outcome. Gene ontology analysis shows that proteins encoded by such polymorphic genes are highly interconnected in regulation of defense response. Thus, virus and host related genetic and epigenetic biomarkers may help to predict the course of the disease and the response to treatment.