Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prognostic value of IKZF1plus in B‐cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from the EORTC 58951 trial

IKZF1 gene deletion is an indicator of poor prognosis in childhood B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL). The AEIOP/BFM group proposed that the prognostic strength of IKZF1 deletion could be remarkably improved by taking into account additional genetic deletions and reported that among patients with an IKZF1 deletion those with deletions in CDKN2A/2B, PAX5, or PAR1 in the absence of ERG deletion, grouped as IKZF1plus, had the worst outcome.
Regional differences in primary healthcare utilization in Java Region—Indonesia

Background Policymakers must understand primary healthcare utilization disparity to minimize the gap because they must seek fair service for every citizen. The study analyzes regional differences in primary healthcare utilization in Java Region-Indonesia. Methods The cross-sectional research analyzes secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey. The study setting represented Java Region-Indonesia, and the participants were adults 15 years or more. The survey explores 629,370 respondents. The study used primary healthcare utilization as an outcome variable and province as the exposure variable. Moreover, the study employed eight control variables (residence, age, gender, education, marital, employment, wealth, and insurance). The study evaluated data using binary logistic regression in the final step. Results People in Jakarta are 1.472 times more likely to utilize primary healthcare than those in Banten (AOR 1.472; 95% CI 1.332–1.627). People in Yogyakarta are 1.267 times more likely to use primary healthcare than those in Banten (AOR 1.267; 95% CI 1.112–1.444). In addition, people in East Java are 15% less likely to utilize primary healthcare than those in Banten (AOR 0.851; 95% CI 0.783–0.924). Meanwhile, direct healthcare utilization was the same between West Java, Central Java, and Banten Province. They are sequentially starting from the minor primary healthcare utilization: East Java, Central Java, Banten, West Java, Yogyakarta, and Jakarta. Conclusion Disparities between regions exist in the Java Region-Indonesia. They are sequentially starting from the minor primary healthcare utilization: East Java, Central Java, Banten, West Java, Yogyakarta, and Jakarta.
Complexity trade-offs in core argument marking

Languages have often been claimed to trade off complexity in one area with simplicity in another. The present paper tests this claim with a complexity metric based on the functional load of different coding strategies (head/dependent marking and word order) that interact in core argument marking. Data from a sample of 50 languages showed that the functional use of word order had a statistically significant inverse dependency with the presence of morphological marking, especially with dependent marking. Most other dependencies were far from statistical significance and in fact provide evidence against the trade-off claim, leading to its rejection as a general all-encompassing principle. Overall, languages seem to adhere more strongly to distinctiveness than to economy.
Score Test for Zero Inflated Generalized Poisson Regression Model

Abstract In certain applications involving count data, it is sometimes found that zeros are observed with a frequency significantly higher (lower) than predicted by the assumed model. Examples of such applications are cited in the literature from engineering, manufacturing, economics, public health, epidemiology, psychology, sociology, political science, agriculture, road safety, species abundance, use of recreational facilities, horticulture and criminology. In this article, a zero adjusted generalized Poisson distribution is studied and a score test is developed, with and without covariates, to determine whether such an adjustment is necessary. Examples, with and without covariates, are provided to illustrate the results.
Male-biased association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase Asp298Glu substitution (NOS3-c.894G/T) with asthma risk and severity

Abstract Objective The nitric-oxide pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogeneses of asthma and NOS3-encoded endothelial nitric oxide synthase is one of the main components of the pathway. Variants of NOS3 are known to contribute to asthma development and pathophysiology. Methods We investigated the association of NOS3-c.894G/T (rs1799983) with asthma risk and severity by studying frequencies of its genotypes and alleles in 555 asthmatics (93 intermittent, 240 mild, 158 moderate, and 64 severe asthma cases) and 351 control participants using the PCR-FRLP method, logistic regression analysis and generalized ordered logit estimates. Results GT genotype (ORadj: 1.39; CI: 1.04–1.85; p = 0.026), dominant model GT + TT (ORadj: 1.41; CI: 1.07–1.87; p = 0.015), and T allele (ORadj: 1.32; CI: 1.05–1.67; p = 0.018) was associated with increased ORs in asthmatics. Also, the frequency of GT + TT (ORadj: 1.55; CI: 1.01–2.38; p = 0.044) was significantly higher in males. Furthermore, GT genotype (ORadj: 1.39; CI: 1.04–1.85; p = 0.024), GT + TT (ORadj: 1.42; CI: 1.07–1.87; p = 0.014), and T allele (ORadj: 1.32; CI: 1.05–1.66; p = 0.018) in total population and GT + TT (ORadj: 1.56; CI: 1.02–2.37; p = 0.04) in males were significantly associated with increased risk of severe, moderate, mild, intermittent asthma vs. controls. Also, GT genotype (ORadj: 1.39; CI: 1.02–1.91; p = 0.039) was significantly more frequent in severe, moderate grades vs. lower severity grades in the total population. Frequencies of GT genotype (ORadj: 1.77; CI: 1.05–3.00; p = 0.032) and GT + TT (ORadj: 1.74; CI: 1.04–2.90; p = 0.036) in total population and GT genotype (ORadj: 2.40; CI: 1.16–4.97; p = 0.018) and GT + TT (ORadj: 2.30; CI: 1.12–4.74; p = 0.023) in male subpopulation were significantly higher in severe cases compared to lower grades. Conclusions NOS3-c.894G/T may be associated with asthma risk and its severer grades, with greater effects in men.
African Savanna grasses outperform trees across the full spectrum of soil moisture availability.

Models of tree-grass coexistence in savannas make different assumptions about the relative performance of trees and grasses under wet vs. dry conditions. We quantified transpiration and drought tolerance traits in 26 tree and 19 grass species from the African savanna biome across a gradient of soil water potentials to test for a tradeoff between water use under wet conditions and drought tolerance. We measured whole-plant hourly transpiration in a growth chamber and quantified drought tolerance using leaf osmotic potential (Ψosm ). We also quantified whole-plant water use efficiency (WUE) and relative growth rate (RGR) under well-watered conditions. Grasses transpired twice as much as trees on a leaf-mass basis across all soil water potentials. Grasses also had a lower Ψosm than trees, indicating higher drought tolerance in the former. Higher grass transpiration and WUE combined to largely explain the threefold RGR advantage in grasses. Our results suggest that grasses outperform trees under a wide range of conditions, and that there is no evidence for a trade-off in water use patterns in wet vs. dry soils. This work will help inform mechanistic models of water use in savanna ecosystems, providing much-needed whole-plant parameter estimates for African species.
Support Pore Structure and Composition Strongly Influence the Direct Air Capture of CO2 on Supported Amines

A variety of amine-impregnated porous solid sorbents for direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 have been developed, yet the effect of amine-solid support interactions on the CO2 adsorption behavior is still poorly understood. When tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is impregnated on two different supports, commercial γ-Al2O3 and MIL-101(Cr), they show different trends in CO2 sorption when the temperature (−20 to 25 °C) and humidity (0–70% RH) of the simulated air stream are varied. In situ IR spectroscopy is used to probe the mechanism of CO2 sorption on the two supported amine materials, with weak chemisorption (formation of carbamic acid) being the dominant pathway over MIL-101(Cr)-supported TEPA and strong chemisorption (formation of carbamate) occurring over γ-Al2O3-supported TEPA. Formation of both carbamic acid and carbamate species is enhanced over the supported TEPA materials under humid conditions, with the most significant enhancement observed at −20 °C. However, while equilibrium H2O sorption is high at cold temperatures (e.g., −20 °C), the effect of humidity on a practical cyclic DAC process is expected to be minimal due to slow H2O uptake kinetics. This work suggests that the CO2 capture mechanisms of impregnated amines can be controlled by adjusting the degree of amine-solid support interaction and that H2O adsorption behavior is strongly affected by the properties of the support materials. Thus, proper selection of solid support materials for amine impregnation will be important for achieving optimized DAC performance under varied deployment conditions, such as cold (e.g., −20 °C) or ambient temperature (e.g., 25 °C) operations.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival of patients with rectal cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is suggested as a prognostic and predictive factor for patients with rectal cancer. The purpose of the current meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the outcome of patients, with rectal cancer receiving chemoradiation and surgery. Methods A systematic review on two databases and a selection of studies were done. Thereafter, two meta-analyses were performed, evaluating the relationship of baseline NLR with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Thirty-one retrospective studies were selected. Twenty-six studies have documented a significant relationship of NLR to OS (HR 2.05, CI 1.66–2.53), whereas 23 studies have reported a weaker but significant relationship of NLR to DFS (HR 1.78, CI 1.49–2.12). Among the moderator variables, a possible effect for age and sex on the relationship of NLR with DFS is suggested. Conclusions Baseline NLR >3 is a simple and reproducible prognostic factor, with a more consistent effect in the elderly. It could be a reliable variable to support clinicians in defining personalized treatment strategies, even though a standardization of the cutoff and a better characterization among microsatellite unstable rectal tumors are necessary.
Emotional intelligence is more important than the learning environment in improving critical thinking

Abstract Purpose To examine the association of critical thinking (CT) and emotional intelligence (EI) versus CT and learning environment (LE) in order to investigate which has the greatest influence EI or LE. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 340 s-year healthcare university students in two nursing and one medical schools from three universities in Greece, between October and December 2020. Critical Thinking Disposition Scale, Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form were administered. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, with five steps, was used to compare the associations of CT and EI to CT and LE. Results Participants’ mean age (years) was 20.9 (6.6 SD); 82.6% female; 86.8% studying nursing. Students mean scores were moderate to high for CT disposition (44.7 ± 4.68). The general characteristics (age, gender, and school) were not significantly associated with CT (p > 0.05). However, CT was positively associated with LE (UCB = 0.064 & p < 0.001) and EI (UCB = 1.522 & p < 0.001). Moreover, CT seems to be associated in a higher degree (R2 change adj = 0.036 & p < 0.001) with emotional intelligence (UCB = 1.522) than with learning environment (UCB = 0.064). Conclusions Our findings suggest a different more optimal pathway for educators to improve the CT of their students through EI and not with LE as believed till now. By focusing on improving EI, educators may help their students become critical thinkers, who will provide better quality of care.
Effect of esketamine on opioid consumption and postoperative pain in thyroidectomy: A randomized controlled trial

Thyroidectomy is frequently associated with substantial postoperative pain. Esketamine, an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist, has been demonstrated to be effective in multiple analgesia scenarios. We hypothesized that intraoperative administration of esketamine may reduce perioperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.
An Updated Guide to Robust Statistical Methods in Neuroscience

There is a vast array of new and improved methods for comparing groups and studying associations that offer the potential for substantially increasing power, providing improved control over the probability of false positives, and yielding a deeper and more nuanced understanding of data. These new techniques effectively deal with four insights into when and why conventional methods can be unsatisfactory. But for the non‐statistician, this vast array of techniques for comparing groups and studying associations can seem daunting. This article briefly reviews when and why conventional methods can have relatively low power and yield misleading results. The main goal is to suggest guidelines regarding the use of modern techniques that improve upon classic approaches such as Pearson's correlation, ordinary linear regression, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. This updated version includes recent advances dealing with effect sizes, including situations where there is a covariate. The R code, figures, and accompanying notebooks have been updated as well. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An update on therapeutic options for palmoplantar pustulosis: a narrative review and expert recommendations

ABSTRACT Introduction Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease belonging to the localized form of pustular psoriasis. It is characterized by sterile pustule formation in palms and soles and a recurrent disease course. Although we have many treatments for PPP, there is no authoritative guidance. Areas covered A thorough search of PubMed was conducted to identify studies in PPP from 1973 onwards, with additional references to specific articles. Any treatment methods were outcomes of interest, including topical treatment, systemic treatment, biologics, other targeted treatments, phototherapy, and tonsillectomy. Expert opinion Topical corticosteroids are suggested as first-line therapy. Oral acitretin has become the most applied systemic retinoid recommended in PPP without joint involvement. For patients with arthritis, immunosuppressants like cyclosporin A and methotrexate are more recommended. UVA1, NB-UVB, and 308-nm excimer laser are effective phototherapy options. The combinations of topical or systemic agents and phototherapy may enhance the efficacy, particularly in recalcitrant cases. Secukinumab, ustekinumab, and apremilast are the most investigated targeted therapies. However, heterogeneous reported outcomes in clinical trials provided low-to-moderate quality evidence of their efficacy. Future studies are required to address these evidence gaps. We suggest managing PPP based on the acute phase, maintenance phase, and comorbidities.
Morphometry of the heart orifices and morphometry and topography of the coronary ostia in the goat.

BACKGROUND The coronary vessels have been described in various species of domestic and wild ruminants. However, no studies on the detailed morphology and morphometry of heart orifices and coronary ostia in the Polish goat are available. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on 112 female, adult dairy goats belonging to Polish Fawn Improved and Polish White Improved breed, closely related to French Alpine and Saanen, respectively. RESULTS In all examined individuals, all heart orifices and heart valves were of normal structure. There was no significant diametrical difference between the aortic and pulmonary orifice. The right atrioventricular opening was significantly wider than the left atrioventricular opening. The dimension of the left coronary ostium ranged from 1.0 to 5.5 mm with the arithmetic mean (±standard deviation [SD]) of 4.3 ± 0.8 mm. The dimension of the right coronary ostium ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mm with the arithmetic mean (±SD) of 2.8 ± 0.7 mm. Both coronary artery ostia were located under the sinotubular junction. 39/112 examined goats (34.8%) had variations in the structure of the coronary ostia such as the lack of main trunk or the presence of additional coronary ostia. They were observed in one (in 34/39 goats) or both coronary arteries (5/39 goats). CONCLUSIONS In goats, the dimensions of aortic and pulmonary orifices are similar while the right atrioventricular opening outsizes the left one. On the other hand, the left coronary ostium is wider than the right one. Morphological variations in the coronary ostia occur in approximately one third of goats, more often in the right than in the left ostium.
Non‐ampullary duodenal neoplasm of gastric phenotype showing multidirectional epithelial differentiation

cells growing in a fused or anastomosing glandular pattern, often with expansile submucosal extension, but lacking signi ﬁ cant nuclear irregularity, coarse chromatin, desmoplastic stromal reaction, and lymphovascular invasion. In the stomach, fundic gland type adenocarcinoma is mainly composed of chief cell components, which often localize in the mucosa and/or submucosa without deep tissue invasion, lymphovascular invasion, or nodal metastasis, and typically follows a benign course. 4 There-fore, this case may be comparable with duodenal NUMP of fundic gland ‐ predominant subtype 2 or adenocarcinoma with low malignant potential. Further clinicopathological studies are needed to determine the malignant potential of rare duodenal tumors with fundic gland differentiation.
Fluid‐structure interaction analysis of transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive intervention for the treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis. The main cause of failure is the structural deterioration of the implanted prosthetic leaflets, possibly inducing a valvular re‐stenosis 5–10 years after the implantation. Based solely on pre‐implantation data, the aim of this work is to identify fluid‐dynamics and structural indices that may predict the possible valvular deterioration, in order to assist the clinicians in the decision‐making phase and in the intervention design. Patient‐specific, pre‐implantation geometries of the aortic root, the ascending aorta, and the native valvular calcifications were reconstructed from computed tomography images. The stent of the prosthesis was modeled as a hollow cylinder and virtually implanted in the reconstructed domain. The fluid‐structure interaction between the blood flow, the stent, and the residual native tissue surrounding the prosthesis was simulated by a computational solver with suitable boundary conditions. Hemodynamical and structural indicators were analyzed for five different patients that underwent TAVI – three with prosthetic valve degeneration and two without degeneration – and the comparison of the results showed a correlation between the leaflets' structural degeneration and the wall shear stress distribution on the proximal aortic wall. This investigation represents a first step towards computational predictive analysis of TAVI degeneration, based on pre‐implantation data and without requiring additional peri‐operative or follow‐up information. Indeed, being able to identify patients more likely to experience degeneration after TAVI may help to schedule a patient‐specific timing of follow‐up.
Productivity measurement in psychology and neuropsychology: Existing standards and alternative suggestions

Abstract Objective: The Relative Value Unit (RVU) system was initially developed to account for costs associated with clinical services and has since been applied in some settings as a metric for monitoring productivity. That practice has come under fire in the medical literature due to perceived flaws in determination of “work RVU” for different billing codes and negative impacts on healthcare rendered. This issue also affects psychologists, who bill codes associated with highly variable hourly wRVUs. This paper highlights this discrepancy and suggests alternative options for measuring productivity to better equate psychologists’ time spent completing various billable clinical activities. Method: A review was performed to identify potential limitations to measuring providers’ productivity based on wRVU alone. Available publications focus almost exclusively on physician productivity models. Little information was available relating to wRVU for psychology services, including neuropsychological evaluations, specifically. Conclusions: Measurement of clinician productivity using only wRVU disregards patient outcomes and under-values psychological assessment. Neuropsychologists are particularly affected. Based on the existing literature, we propose alternative approaches that capture productivity equitably among subspecialists and support provision of non-billable services that are also of high value (e.g. education and research).
Equivariant Similarity for Vision-Language Foundation Models

This study explores the concept of equivariance in vision-language foundation models (VLMs), focusing specifically on the multimodal similarity function that is not only the major training objective but also the core delivery to support downstream tasks. Unlike the existing image-text similarity objective which only categorizes matched pairs as similar and unmatched pairs as dissimilar, equivariance also requires similarity to vary faithfully according to the semantic changes. This allows VLMs to generalize better to nuanced and unseen multimodal compositions. However, modeling equivariance is challenging as the ground truth of semantic change is difficult to collect. For example, given an image-text pair about a dog, it is unclear to what extent the similarity changes when the pixel is changed from dog to cat? To this end, we propose EqSim, a regularization loss that can be efficiently calculated from any two matched training pairs and easily pluggable into existing image-text retrieval fine-tuning. Meanwhile, to further diagnose the equivariance of VLMs, we present a new challenging benchmark EqBen. Compared to the existing evaluation sets, EqBen is the first to focus on "visual-minimal change". Extensive experiments show the lack of equivariance in current VLMs1 and validate the effectiveness of EqSim2.
Massless particles in three-dimensional Lorentzian warped products

The model of a massless relativistic particle with curvature-dependent Lagrangian is well known in (d+1)-dimensional Minkowski space. For other gravitational fields less rigid than those with constant (zero) curvature only a few results are known. In this paper, we give a geometric approach in order to solve the field equations associated with that Lagrangian in the setting of an interesting three-dimensional background, namely, a three-dimensional warped product with Lorentzian fibers. When some rigidity conditions are imposed to the fiber (constant Gauss curvature), the trajectories can be totally described. Several examples help us clarify this.
On f-generic types in NIP groups

Let $G$ be a group definable in an NIP theory. We prove that, if $G$ admits a global f-generic type, then $G$ is definably amenable, answering a question of Chernikov and Simon. As an application, we show that every dp-minimal group is definably amenable, answering a question of Kaplan, Levi, and Simon.