Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Cefpodoxime Proxetil -polymeric microspheres by the emulsion solvent diffusion method for taste masking

Cefpodoxime Proxetil is a 3 generation broad spectrum βLactam cephalosporin class of antibiotic administered orally in pediatric and adult patients and is extremely bitter in taste. Masking Bitter taste is a major challenge for better patient compliance particularly in an antibiotic treatment where dose and duration is important. Among the various techniques available for bitter taste masking microencapsulation is a useful technique as it has significant advantages over the other techniques. Also a polymer used provides protection to active moiety thereby increasing its stability. Floating Microspheres of Cefpodoxime Proxetil with Eudragit E100 plus HPMC and Eudragit E100 plus PEG were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method to mask the bitter taste of an antibiotic. The effect of different polymers with different drug–polymer ratios on the taste masking and the characteristics of the microspheres were investigated. It was found that Eudragit E100 mask the taste but retard the drug release whereas combination of Eudragit E100 with PEG and with HPMC showed the better result for masking the unpleasant taste of Cefpodoxime Proxetil with floating ability as well as provide good drug release. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for taste masking ability, micromeritic properties, percentage yield, drug content, particle size, FTIR study and in vitro drug release study. Further dry powder for reconstitution was prepared from microspheres with respect to its use in pediatric population. The results of the present study will be helpful for the preparation of oral Dosage forms of Cefpodoxime Proxetil for pediatric population with an acceptable taste.
Comparative evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Allium ceba L., Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Piper betle L. extracts alone and in combination

The present study was conducted to assess the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Allium ceba L. , Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Piper betle L. alone and in combination, using double beam visible spectrophotometer. A. ceba (bulb), A. indica (leaf) and P. betle (leaf) were selected as per the existing indigenous practice among poultry farmers in Namakkal district. All the plants were collected locally and they were processed to obtain fresh extracts. The phytochemical analysis of these herbs was conducted to identify the active constituents. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of fresh extracts of all three herbs were assessed alone and in combination at the dose rate of 100 μg/ml in double beam UV/visible spectrophotometer in comparison with standard antigout drug allopurinol. The results revealed that among the herb extracts, the P. betle extracts were produced potential xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (72.39 ± 0.60 per cent) in comparison with allopurinol ( 89.30 ± 0.77 per cent). Hence, it was concluded that the xanthine oxidase inhibitory property of P. betle leaf extracts will be utilized for the development of potential antigout remedy for poultry.
DIATOM MISCELLANY BY SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN MELURU LAKE 1, MELURU LAKE 2, KARPURAVALLI LAKE AND SALIGRAMA LAKE OF KRISHNARAJA

Water is and has always been a prized but scarce commodity. It is one of the most vital natural wealth for all life on earth. The present investigation is an attempt to know the pollution load through diatom as water pollution indicators, species diversity and their seasonal fluctuations in lake Ecosystem of four lakes of K.R. Nagar Taluk, Mysore District. Anthropogenic eutrophication, habitat destruction and water flow alterations were the key stressors to freshwater, threatening the quality and availability of water and biodiversity. Overall identified diatoms in four lakes are predicted as water quality indicators. Synedra ulna and Synedra acus were proved to be anthropogenic indicators in Meluru lake 1. In Meluru lake 2 Navicula halophila was responsible for organic pollution. Karpuravalli lake was dominated by Stauroneis phoeicenteron indicating anthropogenic activity. Saligrama lake was contaminated by Synedra acus and Navicula halophila causing both anthropogenic and organic pollution indicators. Results of the present study cautions the indiscriminate dumping and discharge of pollutants into the lakes which may lead to serious environmental deterioration which could be considered as a potential source of threat to biotic life.
ANTECEDENTS OF CONSUMERS’ DECISION FOR HALALMART SHOPPING: THE MODERATING ROLE OF FAMILY RELIGIOUS COMMITMENT

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of religious commitment of family members in moderating the influence of Islamic cultural variables, Islamic social environment, Islamic and psychological personalities, on consumer decision in making a transaction at Halal mart. Methodology: The analytical method used to test the relationship between variables is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the number of the sample used is 340 of Halal Mart customers. Whereas the moderating role of religious commitment was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Main Findings: The conclusion from this study is that the commitment factor in practicing Islamic religion from within the family moderates the relationship between personality and Islamic psychology towards Muslim consumer behavior, meanwhile The Islamic cultural factors and social environmental factors are not moderated by family commitment in practicing the Islamic Religion. Implication: This study found that to improve Muslim customers buying decisions, a company needs to acknowledge the background of consumer’s character derived from cultural influences, social environment, personality, and psychology. Moreover, Halal mart also needs to be closer to community groups or religious organizations that have a stronger commitment towards religion, making it easier to promote their products. Novelty/Originality of this Study: To date, there are no studies that examine family religious commitment towards Islam, as a moderating variable in the relationship of cultural, social, personality and psychological variables to consumer buying decisions for shopping at Halal mart in Indonesia.
Effect of Micronutrients Spray on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Sindhuri

Pomegranate is one of the most important commercial fruit is eaten fresh and also processed for jams, jellies, syrups, pomegranate juice products and is used for medical purposes (Aarabi et al., 2008). The fruit peel, tree stem, root bark and leaves are good source of secondary metabolites such as tannins, dyes and alkaloids. (Eiada and Mustafa, 2013). India is the largest producer of pomegranate in the world. The total area under Pomegranate cultivation in India is 113.2 thousands hectares with annual production of 745 thousands MTand productivity of 6.6 MT/ha. India's share in the global export market is 6.4 per cent. It is commercially cultivated in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan. (Anonymous, 2013).
TOXIC EFFECT OF METHNOLIC EXTRACT OF HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA ON KIDNEY, BLOOD AND LIVER OF RATS

The plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata) Family Saururuacea locally known as “Moshundari” is frequently used for medicinal and nutritional purpose in the Assam region of India. It is an erect, annual herbecious plant. It is posses variety of therapeutic and nutritional property such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Anti allergic activity, Anticancer/Antitumor activity, Antidiabetic activity, Antioxidant activity, Antiviral activity, Immunomodulatory activity, Anti-obesity activity and Antidiarrhoeal activity but not yet toxicity study evaluated. On the basis of these activity the present study was initiated 28day sub-acute toxicity of 80%methnolic extract of H. cordata on experimental animal to estimate human susceptibility to its toxicity. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 407, for the testing of chemicals was used for toxic evaluation of H. cordata plant traditionally used by rural person of Assam. The plant extract did not show any change in the SGOT, SGPT, albumin, creatinine, bilirubin, total leucocytes count, deferential leukocytes count etc the plant extract did not induce any damage to the liver and kidney. Histopathology examination of liver, brain and kidney did not reveal major changes indicative of tissue damage owing to test drug administration. The results have demonstrated that the H. cordata plant extract at the dose level of 400mg/kg b.w. is safe when administered orally in rats. The findings support an assurance for the medicinal use the plant in folk medicine.
Association between miR-146a SNP rs2910164 and ischemic stroke in Asian population: a meta-analysis

The microRNA146a rs2910164 polymorphism has been associated with the development of ischemic stroke; however, the results were inconsistent among different studies. The present report was aimed to investigate the association between rs2910164 G/C polymorphism and the risk of ischemic stroke. Several studies have been carried out to explore the association between this SNP and ischemic stroke in Asians, but published results were contradictory. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to further evaluate this association in Asian population. All relevant articles were retrieved from the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, WANFANG Database and CQVIP from the establishment date to February 2015. Statistical analyses were performed by using Stata 11. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Possible publication bias was checked by funnel plots, Begg’s test and Egger’s test. Six studies were eligible for meta-analysis including 2242 cases and 2359 controls. Overall, there were no significant associations between rs2910164 and ischemic stroke under the allelic (OR=1.051, 95%CI: 0.881, 1.254), dominant (OR=1.092, 95% CI: 0.909, 1.311), recessive (OR=1.036, 95%CI: 0.738, 1.454), homozygote (OR=1.080, 95%CI: 0.726, 1.608) and heterozygote (OR=1.092, 95%CI: 0.961, 1.242) genetic models in Asian population. Stratified analysis based on ethnicity shows that rs2910164 has no association with ischemic stroke in Chinese population (all P>0.05), although this association exists in Korean. Our metaanalysis shows that the miR-146a SNP rs2910164 is not relative to ischemic stroke in Asian population, although it is a risk factor in Korean.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AND UNSAFE ABORTION PRACTICES AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

This paper investigates the reproductive health knowledge and unsafe abortion practices among female adolescents in Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study examined the relationship between the level of knowledge of adolescent girls on reproductive health issues and unsafe abortion. The study also examines the relationship between the knowledge level of adolescent girls on reproductive health issues and unsafe abortion. The study adopted explorative research design of the survey type. The population of the study comprised all the 44,619 female students spreading across the three (3) senatorial districts of Ekiti state. The sample for this study was 600 female adolescents. Multi-stage procedure which involved, simple random, stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select sample for the study. The instrument tagged “Reproductive Health Knowledge and Unsafe Abortion Practice Questionnaire (RHKUAPQ)” was used for the study. The instrument was validated by experts and RHKUAPQ had a reliability coefficient of 0.75. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the general questions while the inferential statistics involving Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the hypothesis. Hypotheses was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the level of knowledge of female adolescents in secondary schools was average. The study also showed that the use of local drugs, lime and potash and traditional methods of abortion practices were forms of unsafe abortion being practiced among female adolescents in secondary schools in Ekiti State. The study revealed that adolescents’ reproductive health knowledge and unsafe abortion practice were significantly related. The study also revealed that socio-economic status of parents, parents’ education, cultural background, adolescents’ religion, peer group, adolescents’ location were significantly related to unsafe abortion practice among female adolescents in secondary schools in Ekiti State. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that management of secondary schools should provide effective clinical counseling services geared towards educating the female adolescents on the dangers inherent in unprotected sexual practices and unsafe abortion for improved sexual status.
In Vitro Culture Establishment of Patharnakh and Kainth As Effected By Explant Size and Media Type

This study was carried in Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The study revealed that explant size and medium had significant effect on per cent establishment in both Patharnakh and Kainth both individually as well as in interactive manner. Highest establishment in Patharnakh (78.63 %) and Kainth (69.96 %) resulted in Murashige and Skoog medium using 1.5-2.0 cm size explants.
Peak expiratory flow rates in age matched smokers and non-smokers in a tertiary care hospital

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for various respiratory diseases in humans. PEFR is a useful parameter to monitor airway obstruction, its severity, variation and evaluation of treatment. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the PEFR in age-matched asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers. Materials and methods: Study was conducted in 50 asymptomatic smokers and 50 healthy nonsmokers. PEFR recording was done using Wright’s peak flow meter. Results: On comparing the anthropometric indices, mean weight of the smokers was 61.23 whereas it was 66.88 in nonsmokers which was statistically significant. Mean PEFR of smokers was 354.16 and that of nonsmokers was 409.60 which were significant. Smokers smoking for less than 10 years had a mean PEFR of 368 as against the PEFR of 308 in those with smoking history for more than 10 years. Beedi smokers had the lowest mean PEFR of 256.5 when compared to cigarette smokers mean PEFR of 352.60. Conclusions: Smoking had a significant impact on the lung function of smokers even though they are asymptomatic. Smokers had a significant reduction in their weight too. Smoking for a longer duration of years affects both cigarette and beedi smokers but the worst was with the Beedi smokers. PEFR is an easy and effective method of detecting deterioration in lung function in OPD setting thus helping to create awareness among smokers to quit smoking as early as possible. Sangeetha Meena, Manikandan R.C. Peak expiratory flow rates in age matched smokers and non-smokers in a tertiary care hospital. IAIM, 2018; 5(12): 23-28.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Caused by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coliInfections: An Overview

The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a current overview on the Shiga Toxin / verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory manifestations, pathogenesis, recommended assessment, treatment strategies and prognosis. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a cause of the community-acquired acute renal insufficiency in young children. The outbreak in Germany illustrated both the emerging importance of non-O157 serotypes as agents of human disease and the potential for large-scale methods of food production and distribution to result in widespread disease. Children with STEC-induced HUS typically have a prodromal illness that can rapidly develop severe and multisystem life-threatening complications. STEC infection is acquired through contaminated food or water. Thrombotic microangiopathy is the mechanism of the development of the characteristic pathologic lesion of HUS. Any patient with a recent history of diarrhea and signs of a multi-organ disorder requires a proper assessment for the possible development of HUS. Appropriate laboratory testing for both O157 and non-O157 serotypes, as well as prompt initiation of infection control procedures for confirmed or suspected cases, will facilitate follow-up investigation to identify the source of disease and will help to prevent secondary transmission. Currently, diagnostic test to predict which patients will develop HUS is not available. Supportive care and intravenous fluid replacement are the cornerstones of treatment because of the current lack of safe and specific therapeutic intervention. Culizumab and/or plasma treatment may be considered in patients with severe CNS involvement who have a poor prognosis. None of the multiple therapeutic agents including antithrombotic agents, plasma exchange and/or plasma infusion, tissue-type plasminogen activator, and oral Shiga toxin-binding agent that have been used is recommended. For most patients with uncomplicated STEC-associated gastroenteritis who are treated with supportive care, the prognosis was excellent. Public health interventions are the key to prevent STEC-associated diarrhea and HUS. Researches will improve the care of patients with different HUS types in the years to come. The identification of genetic factors associated with HUS will contribute to a better insight of the pathogenesis of HUS and will have potential therapeutic and preventive implications.
Teamwork and staffing in an acute care hospital

The literature suggests that teamwork among patient care teams can have positive effects on work environment, job satisfaction, and quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceived level of nursing teamwork by registered nurses, registered practical nurses, personal support workers, and unit clerks working on patient care teams in one acute tertiary care hospital in northern Ontario, and to determine if there is a relationships between the staff scores on the Nursing Teamwork Survey (NTS) and participant perception of adequate staffing. Using a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional research design, 600 staff were invited to complete the NTS with a 33% response rate (N=200). The participants from the critical care unit reported the highest scores on the NTS, while participants from the inpatient surgical (IPS) unit reported the lowest scores. Participants from the IPS unit also reported less experience, less satisfaction in their current position, and a higher intention to leave. No statistically significant correlation was found between scores on the NTS and the perception of adequate staffing. Strategies to increase teamwork among patient care teams may positively influence job satisfaction and patient care on patient care units.
Antioxidative Activity of Nanoparticles of Rosemary

This work aimed to study the antioxidative activity of nanoparticles ZnONps Zinc oxide using rosemary water and ethanolic extracts . Structural and optical properties of nanoparticles using transmission electron microscope showeda spherical shape of ZnO nanoparticles of average particle size 2.8 to 3.8 nm . Zinc oxide nanoparticles of rosemary water and ethanolic extract was added to sunflower oil (200 and 300 ppm) as natural antioxidant compare with Tertiary Butylhydroxy Quinone (TBHQ) as synthetic one. Oxidative stability and thermal process for 12 hours at 120 о C for treated sunflower oil with different antioxidants were estimated. Obtained results indicated that the total phenolic contents being 45.44 and 58.36 mg of GAE/g. in water and ethanolic rosemary extract respectively, while total flavonoids being 22.58 and 88.26 in the same extracts respectively . Rosemary ethanolic extract exhibited the highest DPPH activity in compare with the water extract . Identification and fractionation of phenolic compounds using HPLC cleared that ten phenolic compounds(162.6 and 88.32 mg/100g) were separated. Cinnamic acid the most abundant phenolic compound in rosemary extracts was, while rosmarinic was the most abundant flavonoids compound in the same extracts 78.83 and 67.91 mg /100 g. respectively. Obtained data for oxidative stability using rancim at showed that treated sunflower oil with ZnONps rosemary ethanolic extract at the concentration of 200 and 300 ppm the highest showed stability time (20 months of storage) in compare with other treated sunflower oil samples. Results for thermal process of treated sunflower oil ZnONPs using RME at the concentration of 300 ppm were recorded the lowest values of hydrolysis, oxidation and rancidity parameter after 12 hours heating. So, addition of ZnONps rosemary extract to sunflower oil showed a positive effect on the oxidative and thermal stabilities of such raw material and could be recommended as an alternative antioxidant in oil.
Female undergraduates knowledge about cervical carcinoma and awareness of risk factors and screening in south-western Nigeria.

Objectives: Cervical carcinoma is among the commonest female cancers with an incidence globally of about half a million new cases annually. It is a preventable disease but many young women are not well informed about the risk factors contributing to its development and worse still did not understand how to detect it early. This was to study the knowledge of female undergraduates about cervical carcinoma, its risk factors and their awareness of the Pap smear screening method. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 494 female university students who were selected randomly from undergraduates was carried out in Osun State. Semi structured questionnaires were self- administered to collect information. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 17.0 software and the level of significance was P < 0.05. Results: Thirty nine percent of the students were less than 20 years of age. Over 35% of the total number was sexually active with about 68% of these having more than 1 sexual partner. About 42% of the respondents have heard about cervical carcinoma while 48% of the subpopulation was aware that HPV infection was a risk factor and only 1.6% had done the Pap smear. About 28% knew that cervical cancer was preventable. Conclusion: There was low awareness about cervical carcinoma, its risk factors and the Pap smear screening despite the presence of risky sexual habits among female undergraduates. There is a need for increased awareness campaign on risk factors and sensitization of women on regular Pap smear screening. Keywords: Cervical carcinoma, risk factors, Pap smear