Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N - n -Alkylnicotinium Analogs, A Novel Class of Nicotinic Receptor Antagonist: Inhibition of S ( (cid:1) )-Nicotine-Evoked [ 3 H]Dopamine Overflow from Superfused Rat Striatal Slices

The structure of the S ( (cid:1) )-nicotine molecule was modified via N - n -alkylation of the pyridine- N atom to afford a series of N - n -alkylnicotinium iodide salts with carbon chain lengths vary-ing between C 1 and C 12 . The ability of these analogs to evoke [ 3 H] overflow and inhibit S ( (cid:1) )-nicotine-evoked [ 3 H] overflow from [ 3 H]dopamine ([ 3 H]DA)-preloaded rat striatal slices was determined. At high concentrations, analogs with chain lengths (cid:1) C 6 evoked [ 3 H] overflow. Specifically, N - n -decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI; C 10 ) evoked significant [ 3 H] overflow at 1 (cid:2) M, and N - n -dodecylnicotinium iodide (NDDNI; C 12 ) at 10 (cid:2) M, whereas N - n -octylnicotinium iodide (NONI; C 8 ), N - n -heptylni-cotinium iodide (NHpNI; C 7 ), and N - n -hexylnicotinium iodide (C 6 ) evoked [ 3 H] overflow at 100 (cid:2) M. Thus, intrinsic activity at these concentrations prohibited assessment of inhibitory activ- ity. The most potent N - n -alkylnicotinium analog to inhibit S ( (cid:1) )-nicotine-evoked [ 3 H] overflow NONI (cid:2) EC 50 of by 50 the of NONI. The logarithm of the dose ratio (cid:1) 1 as a function of the logarithm of NONI provide the Schild regression. Data fitted by linear regression, and the slope determined. from linearity was also determined. An estimate of the affinity parameter (pA 2 ) for NONI was from the X -intercept of the linear regression fit to the Schild-transformed data. For comparison, a second theoretical with slope equal to unity (holding the pA 2 at the value from the linear regression of the was determined using the Y (cid:2) X (cid:1) pA 2 . Linearity and slope equal to were as a competitive interaction of NONI with nicotinic re- ceptors, when stimulated by S ( (cid:1) )-nicotine resulted in [ 3 H] overflow. The anti-log transform of the pA 2 served as a measurement of NONI affinity for the site mediating the high-affinity component of S ( (cid:1) )-nicotine-evoked [ 3 H] overflow.
Influence of Previous Arthroscopic Meniscectomy on Midterm to Long-term Outcomes After Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy

Background: Few studies have evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) in patients who had previously undergone arthroscopic meniscectomy. Purpose: To verify whether previous arthroscopic meniscectomy affects the clinical and radiological outcomes of MOWHTO. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 183 consecutive knees that underwent MOWHTO and had a minimum 5 years of follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. We compared the preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiological data of 32 knees with a history of meniscectomy (previous meniscectomy group) to 151 control knees without a history of meniscectomy. Cartilage status was also compared at first- and second-look arthroscopic surgery according to the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system. Failure was defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty or revision MOWHTO. On subgroup analysis, the previous meniscectomy group was divided into 2 subgroups based on the time from meniscectomy to MOWHTO (<3 vs ≥3 years). Results: The mean age at the time of surgery was 55.9 years (range, 38-70 years), and the mean follow-up period was 86.2 months (range, 60-164 months). The mean time between meniscectomy and MOWHTO was 48.9 months (range, 5-156 months), and all meniscectomy procedures were performed on the medial side. Preoperative patient characteristics were similar between the study groups. Clinical and radiological outcomes were not significantly different between the groups at the latest follow-up, and no significant between-group differences were observed regarding postoperative cartilage status on arthroscopic examination. One knee in the control group underwent conversion to total knee arthroplasty at 7 years postoperatively for arthritic progression. Subgroup analysis of the previous meniscectomy group indicated no significant differences in clinical outcomes based on the time from meniscectomy to MOWHTO. Conclusion: Based on the results, a history of meniscectomy did not adversely affect the midterm to long-term outcomes of MOWHTO. Furthermore, the time between previous meniscectomy and MOWHTO was not associated with the clinical outcomes of MOWHTO.
Increased Competition on the Supply Side on the Western European Natural Gas Merket

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of breaking up national gas sales consortia in Western Europe. We show, within a numerical model of the Western European natural gas market- that once the demand side of the market is liberalized, each producing country has an incentive to break up its national gas sale consortium.
The structural framework of the Irish Atlantic Margin

Analysis of the results of regional mapping, integrated with new regional subcrop maps, has yielded significant regional concepts regarding the development of the frontier sedimentary basins west of Ireland. Five provinces of basement and Devono-Carboniferous rocks are mapped across the region. The nature of the basement successions, together with their inherent lineaments and structural fabrics, exerted a major influence on the location and structural segmentation of the basins and in acting as a conduit for Early Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic igneous activity. The major structures in the Porcupine region were N–S throughout its Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic history, while those in the Slyne, Erris, Rockall and probably Hatton basins were predominantly NNE–SSW to NE–SW. The main structural controls in the Goban region were orientated ENE–WSW and NNW–SSE. The Porcupine Basin is shown to have a more pronounced N–S orientation than has hitherto been proposed. In particular, the basement core of the Porcupine High is shown to extend southwards to the Goban province, thereby isolating the basin for most of its history from the Atlantic region to the west. Separate Permo-Triassic to Jurassic basins occur on the flanks of the main, younger Rockall Basin and their location and orientation were influenced by NE–SW to ENE–WSW structural fabrics. Permo-Triassic sedimentation took place in a series of rift basins in the Porcupine, Rockall, Slyne–Erris and Goban regions. Jurassic rifting was widespread in most of the basins, commencing in Middle Jurassic time in the Slyne Basin but later (Late Jurassic) in the Porcupine and Rockall basins. Early Cretaceous sedimentation was more pronounced in the Porcupine and Rockall basins and shows less control by deep-seated structures. Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous basin margin uplift on the flanks of the Rockall Basin in particular, is likely to explain the thin to absent nature of such strata in some of the adjacent smaller basins.
OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN DENTAL ENAMEL FROM THE CARIBBEAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR INVESTIGATING INDIVIDUAL ORIGINS

This study explores the potential of carbon and oxygen isotope data from human enamel carbonate (n = 50) to contribute to mobility studies in the Caribbean. Most oxygen and carbon isotope results display limited variation, with substantial overlap between islands. However, a few individuals from El Chorro de Maita, Cuba possess relatively low δ18O and high δ13C. Two of these individuals were previously identified as possible non-Antillean immigrants on the basis of strontium isotopes, and bioarchaeological and mortuary evidence. The carbon and oxygen isotope results provide additional evidence supporting the proposed non-local origins of these individuals and contribute to explorations of their potential natal origins.
Effect of Macrophysical Parameters of Clouds on Broadband Solar Radiation (295–2800 nm) at a Subtropical Location

Abstract The present study describes the effect of clouds (macro-physical parameters) on global solar radiation (G). Data from four years of hourly measurements of G on a horizontal surface were used. These data were collected at the South Valley University (SVU) meteorological research station (26.2°N, 32.7°E, 96 m above mean see level. In addition, the cloud modification factor for G (CMFG) was estimated in three cases: high-level, mid-level, and low-level clouds. For every level, the variation of hourly CMFG as a function of cloud amount (CA) was illustrated. A third-order polynomial between hourly values of CMFG and CA was established. Furthermore, the effect of CA in the attenuation of G relative to its corresponding value in cloudless conditions is discussed. For cloud cover > 88%, G was reduced by 54%, 34%, and 28% by low-, mid-, and high-level clouds, respectively.
High Isoproterenol Doses Are Required to Activate (cid:1) 3-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Functions in Dogs

The “in vivo” conditions for (cid:1) 3-adrenoceptors ( (cid:1) -AR) activation by isoproterenol were investigated in dog. Experiments were carried out in anesthetized dogs using isoproterenol as a nonselective (cid:1) -AR agonist. Intravenous infusion of isoproterenol (0.4 nmol/kg/min) induced arterial hypotension and tachycardia with a slight decrease in cutaneous blood flow. At this dose, isoproterenol increased glucose, glycerol, and nonesterified fatty acid plasma levels. The changes in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic parameters, induced by the low dose of isoproterenol, were suppressed by pretreatment with nadolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.). After nadolol administration, however, a 10-fold higher dose (4 nmol/kg/min) of isoproterenol was able to induce a decrease in arterial blood pressure with a slight tachycardia and an increase in cutaneous blood flow. This high dose of isoproterenol increased nonesterified fatty acid and glycerol plasma levels but failed to change glucose plasma levels. All these effects were abolished by a pretreatment with nadolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) plus SR59230A [a selective (cid:1) 3-adrenoceptor antagonist; (3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1(1 S )-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth- S )2-propanol the high dose of isoproterenol nadolol pretreatment, infusion selective (cid:1) 3-adreno-ceptor agonist; (( N 2 S )-7-carbethoxymethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahy- dronaphth-2-yl-(2 R )-2-hydroxy-2-chlorophenyl) ethanamine hy-drochloride] induces a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure associated with an increase in heart rate, cutaneous blood flow, and nonesterified fatty acid and glycerol plasma levels. These results demonstrate that the in vivo activation of (cid:1) 3-adrenocep-tors requires higher doses of catecholamine than those necessary for (cid:1) 1- and/or (cid:1) 2-adrenoceptor stimulation. These results also argue for the lack of a (cid:1) 3-AR involvement in the control of heart rate and glycogenolysis in dogs.
Pollen evidence of Late Holocene mangrove development in Bermuda

Bermuda is the northern latitudinal limit for mangroves, but communities are diverse and productive. Two pollen diagrams from the largest mangrove area show vegetation changes over the last 5000 years. From 5000 to 2100 years ago this was a marsh wetland, and pollen evidence is also shown of the dryland endemic forest before colonisation of Bermuda. Establishment of mangroves has only occurred in the last 3000 years, when sea-level rise slowed from 26 to 7 cm/100 years. Flotation experiments indicate that propagules could readily colonize from the Caribbean, and evidence both of cooler climate during the glacial and that none of Bermuda's many endemics utilize a mangrove habitat suggests that mangroves have had discontinuous presence in Bermuda through the Late Pleistocene. This study shows that mangrove ranges may be more plastic than was previously thought, subject to availability of habitats rather than dispersal capability.
Climate, tree-ring, and glacial fluctuations in the Rio Frias valley, Rio Negro, Argentina.

This study documents the use of dendrochronology for dating oscillations of glaciers and climatic changes related to them. The application of dendrochronological and dendroclimatological methods together allow improvement of the dating of Frias Glacier moraines Rio Negro, Argentina (41°10′S, 71°50'W), with a precision of a decade or even less. A minimum date for lateral and end moraines was obtained by counting the number of annual rings in the oldest trees growing on each moraine. Precise ages for ice positions were determined from trees that had been damaged by the glacier during its latest-Neoglacial advances. Moreover, due to the similarity found between climate models for tree-growth and glacier front fluctuations, a direct relationship was established between variations in tree-ring width indices of Fitzroya cupressoides Mol. Jhonst. and fluctuations of Frias Glacier front. Cool and wet summers result in advances of glacier front and in the formation of wider tree-rings. Taking into account all thes.
Suicidal behaviour, bereavement and death education in Chinese adolescents

Why are rates of suicidal behaviour in Chinese adolescents so high? What factors in school, community, family and interpersonal relationships cause this tragedy? Using key new research from leading researchers and social workers with first hand knowledge of these problems in Hong Kong, this enthralling study examines those most at risk and signposts the most effective interventions in therapy and strategic prevention programmes. The result is a highly original and readable account which will be compulsive reading for social workers and academics around the world.
Naar een klimaatbestendiger Overijssel: casestudyonderzoek naar klimaatbeleid bij Overijsselse gemeenten

Dit rapport is opgesteld voor het project 'Local climate preparedness in municipalities: an analysis of municipal climate mitigation, adaptation and disaster management strategies ini the Dutch province of Overijssel, particular in relation with water management and new urban extension areas' dat gefinancieerd wordt door het waterschap Groot Salland. Dit project maakt deel uit van het INTERREG IVB-project WAVE. Binnen WAVE werken de waterschappen Groot Salland en Regge en Dinkel samen met partners uit Frankrijk, Engeland, Duitsland en Belgie aan de realisatie van klimaatbestendig regionaal waterbeheer.8 september 2011
Age Determination and Some Population Characteristics of Chub (Squalius cephalus L., 1758) in the Çamlidere Dam Lake (Ankara, Turkey)

Reliable bony structure for age determination and some population characteristics of chub (S. cephalus L., 1758) from the Camlidere Dam Lake were investigated. Different bony structures such as scale, vertebra and otolith were removed from all specimens for age determination and interpreted by three times, independently. Sex composition of population was 71.3% female and 28.7% male. The fork length and weight of specimens ranged 18.5-35.3 cm and 124.40-667.57 g, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth equations were found as Lt= 38.51(1-e -0.328(t+1.67) ) for females and Lt= 34.12(1-e -0.371(t+1.07) ) for males. Length-weight relationships were estimated as W=0.0131FL 3.0434 for females, W=0.0142FL 3.0186 for males and W=0.0138FL 3.0276 for all individuals.
A NEW OVIRAPTOROSAUR (THEROPODA, MANIRAPTORA) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) OF UTAH

Abstract Recent field expeditions to Upper Cretaceous deposits within Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah, have revealed a diverse dinosaurian fauna that includes a previously unknown oviraptorosaur theropod. Represented by a single partial specimen consisting of manal and pedal elements, this new taxon, Hagryphus giganteus, gen. et. sp. nov., is estimated to be 30–40% larger than the coeval oviraptorosaur Chirostenotes. The holotype consists of a nearly complete, articulated left manus, a partial, articulated pedal digit II, and a series of fragmentary pedal phalanges and distal metatarsals. Several autapomorphies are present in the manus, related primarily to proportional differences in metacarpals and phalanges. Previous finds of North American oviraptorosaurs have been restricted to Alberta, Montana, and South Dakota. The discovery of this new specimen from southern Utah greatly expands the known geographic distribution of these theropods, nearly doubling the previously documented range of North American oviraptorosaurs.
Attenuation of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Mice Deficient in Na (cid:1) /Ca 2 (cid:1) Exchanger

Using Na (cid:1) /Ca 2 (cid:1) exchanger (NCX1)-deficient mice, the pathophysiological role of Ca 2 (cid:1) overload via the reverse mode of NCX1 in ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury was inves- tigated. Because NCX1 (cid:2) / (cid:2) homozygous mice die of heart failure before birth, we used NCX1 (cid:1) / (cid:2) heterozygous mice. NCX1 protein in the kidney of heterozygous mice decreased to about half of that of wild-type mice. Expression of NCX1 protein in the tubular epithelial cells and Ca 2 (cid:1) influx via NCX1 in renal tubules were markedly attenuated in the heterozygous mice. Ischemia/ reperfusion-induced renal dysfunction in heterozygous mice was significantly attenuated compared with cases in wild-type mice. Histological renal damage such as tubular necrosis and proteinaceous casts in tubuli in heterozygous mice were much less than that in wild-type mice. Ca 2 (cid:1) deposition in necrotic tubular epithelium was observed more markedly in wild-type than in heterozygous mice. Increases in renal endothelin-1 content were greater in wild-type than in heterozygous mice, and this reflected the difference in immunohistochemical en-dothelin-1 localization in necrotic tubular epithelium. When the preischemic treatment with KB-R7943 was performed, the renal functional parameters of both NCX1 (cid:1) / (cid:1) and NCX1 (cid:1) / (cid:2) acute renal failure mice were improved to the same level. These findings strongly support the view that Ca 2 (cid:1) overload via the reverse mode of Na (cid:1) /Ca 2 (cid:1) exchange, followed by renal endo-thelin-1 overproduction, plays an important role in the patho- genesis of ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury.
Cover crop species and their management in vineyards and olive groves

A b s t r a c t : The recent demand for quality foods and the necessity to develop low-input, envir o n m e n t a l l y friendly agronomic techniques has encouraged the use of cover cropping in vineyards, olive groves, and tree plantations for both fruit and timber. Research has indicated both positive and negative effects of cover crops when used with tree cultivation. Several cover crop species have been recognized as suitable for varying climates, soils and usage. Sward management was conducted in dif f e rent climates and agronomic conditions with subsequent contrasting results. These results will help to identify the most suitable cover crop for the various environments and tree species.
Global correlation using magnetic susceptibility data from Lower Devonian rocks

Magnetic susceptibility data from marine rocks can be used for global correlation because of synchronous variations in global erosion. We show here correlations between magnetic susceptibility data from two Lower Devonian, biostratigraphically well defined sections, one in northwestern Spain, and one from the Anti-Atlas region of Morocco. Using the Moroccan outcrop section, we correlate to cuttings from a Bolivian well with minimal biostratigraphic control. Using the magnetic susceptibility data, we identify the Lower Devonian, Pragian-Emsian, and lower-upper Emsian stage boundaries in the Bolivian well samples.
Modeling Electricity Pricing in a Deregulated Generation Industry: The Potential for Oligopoly Pricing in a Poolco

We calculate the electricity prices that would result from a pure "poolco" market with identical profit-maximizing generating firms. We advance theoretical concepts developed by Klemperer and Meyer (1989) and Green and Newbery (1992), and propose a new formula for the instantaneous market clearing price when generating firms adopt bidding strategies given by the Nash Equilibrium. Applying this formula to empirical electricity supply and demand data, we find that even in markets with a relatively high number of firms, the price of electricity is significantly higher than the short-run marginal cost of generation. We express the average annual price mark-up with a Price-Cost Margin Index, and show how it varies with market concentration, as measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index (HHI). We conclude that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's use of the HHI in its merger guidelines could prove inadequate in addressing market power concerns in deregulated poolco markets.
Reclaimed Water for Turfgrass Irrigation

Sustainable irrigation of turfgrass grown on coarse-textured soils with reclaimed water must avoid detrimental effects of soluble salts on plant growth and soil quality and groundwater enrichment of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the effects of irrigating with municipal reclaimed water containing higher concentrations of soluble salts than potable water on turfgrass growth and quality and (2) to compare the effects of reclaimed and potable water on turfgrass assimilation and leaching of N and P. A sand-based medium plumbed to supply potable and reclaimed water and instrumented with lysimeters to collect leachate was planted with hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis var. Tifsport) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. L-93). Both species produced high quality turfgrass with the reclaimed water. Although both grasses are moderately or highly salt tolerant when fully established, the bermudagrass growth and quality were reduced by the reclaimed water upon breaking dormancy, and its N use during this period was reduced. Continuous use of reclaimed water of the quality used in the study poses a potential soil Na accumulation problem. Both turfgrasses assimilated high amounts of N and P with minimal potential losses to groundwater.
New Marsupial from the Early Eocene of Virginia

Abstract A new species of the marsupial Peradectes is described from the early Eocene Nanjemoy Formation of Virginia. It is the first Tertiary marsupial known from the Atlantic Coastal Plain north of Florida. The smallest species of Peradectes, it is more closely related to species known from the Western Interior of North America than to contemporaneous European species.
Drivers of Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Eastern North Atlantic as Observed at the ARM Site

Seven years of data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement's Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site are analyzed to understand the controls of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the region. Day‐night differences in the aerosol data as segregated by wind direction demonstrate the aerosol observations to be impacted by local emissions when the wind direction (wdir) is between 90° and 310° (measured clockwise from the North where air is coming from). Data collected during marine conditions (wdir <90° or wdir >310°) show the CCN concentrations to be higher in the summer months as compared to the winter months. CCN budget analysis revealed advection and precipitation scavenging being primarily responsible for modulating the CCN concentrations at the site on monthly timescales, with rain rates driving the precipitation scavenging term. High (greater than 75th percentile) and low (lower than 25th percentile) CCN events were identified for each month to characterize the sub‐monthly variability of CCN concentrations. Low CCN events had thicker clouds, stronger rain rates, and lower reanalysis reported free‐tropospheric aerosol pseudo number concentration at the ENA site as compared to the high CCN events. Analysis of satellite data of air‐parcels 48 hr prior to their arrival at the ENA site demonstrated the air parcels during low CCN events to encounter higher cloudiness, stronger rain rates, and higher cloud top heights as compared to the high CCN events. The results presented herein provide key constraints for model evaluation studies and climatological studies conducted at the ENA site.