Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amortized Conditional Normalized Maximum Likelihood

While deep neural networks provide good performance for a range of challenging tasks, calibration and uncertainty estimation remain major challenges. In this paper, we propose the amortized conditional normalized maximum likelihood (ACNML) method as a scalable general-purpose approach for uncertainty estimation, calibration, and out-of-distribution robustness with deep networks. Our algorithm builds on the conditional normalized maximum likelihood (CNML) coding scheme, which has minimax optimal properties according to the minimum description length principle, but is computationally intractable to evaluate exactly for all but the simplest of model classes. We propose to use approximate Bayesian inference technqiues to produce a tractable approximation to the CNML distribution. Our approach can be combined with any approximate inference algorithm that provides tractable posterior densities over model parameters. We demonstrate that ACNML compares favorably to a number of prior techniques for uncertainty estimation in terms of calibration on out-of-distribution inputs.
Flood Risk in a Heritage City: Alzira as a Case Study

Floods are natural hazards which have damaged cities and their architectural heritage over the centuries. The heritage town of Alzira (Valencia, Spain) is a major case study for the assessment of flood risk in architectural heritage. Alzira was founded by the Al-Andalus Moors on a river island within a bend of the river Júcar, which has overflowed more than 80 times during its history. The main aim of this work is to analyse the vulnerability to floods of the town’s architectural heritage, especially that of earthen architecture, a constructive tradition of which several examples can be found in the town. The proposed methodology attempts to calculate the vulnerability of the earthen architecture through the evaluation and weighting of extrinsic and intrinsic parameters. This makes it possible to identify the constructive characteristics and material weathering which worsen the behaviour of structures during floods. Maximum vulnerability values have been obtained for poorly conserved constructions without cladding. Results highlight the importance of ascertaining suitable strategies for the prevention and mitigation of risk as future lines of research. The vulnerability assessment methodology presented in this study could be applied to other case studies in other sites with architectural heritage under threat from floods.
Study on separation dynamics of fine coal

ABSTRACT Separation dynamics is useful for practical flotation process guidance and prediction. In this paper, a new column flotation system was designed. Mineral composition and size fraction were analyzed. Flotation rate tests of different circulating rates were conducted using the optimal reagent dosages, solid concentration, and aeration rate. The experimental data showed that flotation rate constant reduced gradually with the time and could be improved through increasing the circulating rate and energy input.
Impact of Methanotrophic and N2O-reducing Bacterial Inoculation on CH4 and N2O Emissions, Paddy Growth and Bacterial Community Structure in Paddy Field

Paddy field is one of the anthropogenic sources that produce greenhouse gases emission. This study aimed to investigate the impact of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacterial inoculation on CH4 and N2O emissions, paddy growth and bacterial community structure in paddy field. Two treatments of 100% synthetic fertilizer (250 kg urea/ha) without biofertilizer and 50% synthetic fertilizer (125 kg urea/ha) with biofertilizer consisted of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacteria were applied in the paddy field. Inoculation of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacteria was able to reduce CH4 and N2O emission up to 4.19 mg CH4/m2/day and 351.29 µg N2O/m2/day, respectively. Those bacterial applications were also able to increase paddy growth and yield productivity. According to DGGE profile, inoculation of the biofertilizer seemed to have a transient impact on bacterial communities in paddy soil at 36 days after transplanting (DAT) which showed the lowest similarity with all samples (a similarity index of 0.68). DGGE bands successfully excised have closest relative to uncultured bacteria which comprised 5 phyla, i.e. Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria), Nitrospirae, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. In this study, Alphaproteobacteria was the most dominant phylum. We provide basic information for developing the biofertilizer which supports sustainable agriculture.
Identification of Thermal Abnormalities by Analysis of Abdominal Infrared Thermal Images of Neonatal Patients

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), is a devastating inflammatory disease of infants for which there is no cure and exact causes remain unknown. Diagnoses are limited to radiographic findings and in most institutions Modified Bell’s Criteria is used, neither are capable of reliable early detection. In this thesis, a novel method of abdominal infrared thermal imaging is proposed that allows direct measurements of skin temperature, which are capable of unveiling thermal abnormalities that may indicate intestinal inflammation characteristic of NEC. Abdominal thermal symmetry analysis was performed, results obtained from the 20 normal and the 9 NEC affected infants were statistically compared. A higher degree of thermal asymmetry was seen with the NEC group in comparison to the Normal group, notably when image enhancement techniques were done. We are hopeful that this new non-contact, non-ionizing method may potentially offer an early diagnostic tool.
Associations of Experienced Parenting Style and Empathy Among Male Offenders in China

Background: Parenting style has an important influence on the development of individuals and has been associated with empathy. The present study aimed to investigate different parenting style factors in childhood and adolescence and associated cognitive and affective empathy among offenders, which may help to inform effective intervention strategies to improve empathy.Methods: A total of 994 prisoners were selected for their parents being the caregivers whose caregivers were fathers and mothers, used the Parental Bonding Instrument to collect information on the parenting styles they experienced in childhood and adolescence, and used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate their empathy. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore associations between different parenting style factors and the empathy of offenders, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance and a t-test was used to explore the differences in cognitive and affective empathy with different degrees of parenting style factors.Results: The parental care and control factors in childhood and adolescence had a significantly greater influence on the empathy of offenders than the parental encouragement factor. There were different associations between parental care and control factors and offenders’ empathy depending on whether the parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. When the parenting styles were consistent, different degrees of parental care had a significantly influence on the cognitive and affective empathy while different degrees of parental control only had a significantly influence on the affective empathy of offenders. And when the parenting styles were inconsistent, different degrees of paternal and maternal control had an association with the cognitive and affective empathy of offenders.Conclusion: Different parenting style factors experienced in childhood and adolescence had different associations with the empathy of offenders. Different degrees of parenting style factors also had different predictive effects on offenders’ cognitive and affective empathy depending on whether the paternal and maternal parenting styles were consistent or inconsistent. Moreover, the parental control factor had a particular influence on the empathy of offenders. Our findings underscore the pressing need for taking preventive monitoring measures or developing policies to improve parenting styles.
Polymorphisms in the Promoters of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 Genes in Patients with Acne Vulgaris

Grid metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their particular inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMPs) are fundamental for the redesigning of the extracellular framework, and incendiary infections, for example, skin inflammation. Skin break out vulgaris is an incessant incendiary illness that influences most of the populace. It is described by comedones, pustules, and papules. In this examination, it was expected to research the possible relationship between MMP-1 quality polymorphism and the hazard for skin inflammation advancement. Polymorphism of MMP-1 Gene was estimated in 60 patients with skin break out vulgaris and 40 solid controls utilizing polymerase chain response (PCR). A noteworthy connection between MMP-1 (1607 A/G) polymorphism and skin inflammation vulgaris was recognized.
Features extraction from the electrocatalytic gas sensor responses

One of the types of gas sensors used for detection and identification of toxic-air pollutant is an electro-catalytic gas sensor. The electro-catalytic sensors are working in cyclic voltammetry mode, enable detection of various gases. Their response are in the form of I-V curves which contain information about the type and the concentration of measured volatile compound. However, additional analysis is required to provide the efficient recognition of the target gas. Multivariate data analysis and pattern recognition methods are proven to be useful tool for such application, but further investigations on the improvement of the sensor’s responses processing are required. In this article the method for extraction of the parameters from the electro-catalytic sensor responses is presented. Extracted features enable the significant reduction of data dimension without the loss of the efficiency of recognition of four volatile air-pollutant, namely nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide.
Duplicated, Twisted, and in the Wrong Place

The study of malformations is an important tool to understand mechanisms and causes of development and regeneration. Moreover, malformations indicate the morphological potential of living beings. Hence, a deeper understanding of how, to what degree, and why organismal structures can deviate from their normal expression is interesting in an evolutionary and ecological context. Like other arthropods, and animals in general, crustaceans show a certain variety of naturally occurring malformations of different body parts. This review is restricted to those that affect the axes of appendages and the trunk. Hence, the various patterns of axis distortion are described and classified. At the general level, malformations concerning limbs are discriminated from those that alter other body outgrowths and those that affect the pattern of the trunk. Among malformation of limbs and other body appendages, misplaced structures, fissions, and fusions are classified. Conjoined twins and distorted body segments are the main features of trunk malformations. The putative causes of malformations are discussed with respect to comparative and experimental approaches. Furthermore, gene expression studies, theories, and models, such as Hans Meinhardt’s Boundary Model, are applied to explain malformations at the level of pattern formation. Apparently, many malformations are not genetic mutations and thus not inheritable, but are instead the result of distortions during early development and regeneration artifacts based on injuries, high temperature, and toxic substances. Compared with other arthropod groups, there are very few experimental studies addressing malformations in crustaceans. Hence, the causes for specific patterns of deformities remain largely obscure.
Clinical Efficacy of Ribavirin in Adults Hospitalized With Severe Covid-19: A Retrospective Analysis of 208 Patients

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly throughout the world. So far, no therapeutics have yet been proven to be effective. Ribavirin was recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 because of its in vitro activity. However, evidence supporting its clinical use with good efficacy is still lacking.Methods: A total of 208 confirmed severe or critical COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan Union West Campus between 1 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 were enrolled in the retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of ribavirin. The primary endpoint was the time to clinical improvement. The secondary endpoints included mortality, survival time, time to throat swab SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative conversion, and hospital duration.Results: 68 patients were treated with ribavirin while 140 not. There were no significant between-group differences in demographic characteristics, baseline laboratory test results, treatment, and distribution of ordinal scale scores at enrollment, except coexisting diseases especially cancer (ribavirin group vs no ribavirin group, P = 0.014). Treatment with ribavirin was not associated with a difference in the time to clinical improvement (P = 0.483, HR = 0.884, 95% CI = 0.627-1.247). There were also no significant differences between-group in the number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative conversion, mortality, survival time, and hospital duration. Conclusion: In hospitalized adult patients with severe or critical COVID-19, no significant benefit was observed with ribavirin treatment.
Effectiveness of mobile text reminder in improving quality of life, medication and physical exercise adherence in patients living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review

Background: Mobile text reminders(SMS) is considered a viable strategy for targeting/facilitating healthy behavioural change such as improved adherence to prescribed physical exercises(PE) and medication(antiretroviral therapy-ART) and likewise the quality of life(Qol) in people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA). Thus, the literature was appraised for evidence of its effectiveness. Method: A systematic review of eight databases–AMED,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,EMCARE,Ovid MEDLINE,PsycINFO, and PubMed-was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Protocol. Only randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of SMS on either QoL or PE or ART adherence or a combination of these variables in PLWHA were included in the review. Inclusion was not restricted to a particular type, frequency, and duration of intervention or follow-up period after the intervention. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of the studies. Data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro tool. Result: A pooled estimate of effect could not be calculated due to the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures. Therefore, a narrative synthesis of nine studies that met the inclusion criteria(n=1621 participants at study completion) comprising males/females aged≥18years, was done. There was a significant improvement in medication adherence except in three underpowered studies. However, the effect size of the intervention is not provided in all studies. The only study on the QoL was underpowered and reported no significant change while there were no RCTs on PE. Conclusion: Personalised SMS reminder:3-5times/week x 6months, 30mins before medication time, OR SMS:weekly x 30days, OR SMS:either short or long x daily or weekly x 48weeks, OR customized dynamic SMS:via a personalized cellular phone reminder system(ARemind) with several daily reminder events matching patients ART dosing x 6weeks OR 4educative SMS/week x 4weeks OR real-time SMS reminder triggered by a-30mins delay in medication, with/without usual care, show promising evidence of significant improvement in adherence to ART in PLWHA. However, it is uncertain if the findings are of clinical significance because the effect size is unknown. Moreover, the observed heterogeneity in the methods/outcome measures warrants a cautious interpretation of findings. There is a lack/paucity of RCTs and therefore no evidence of SMS effectiveness on adherence to PE/improvement of QoL.
Investor Inattention, Internal Needs, and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from the Effect of Large IPOs on Peers

We examine firms’ tax avoidance behavior in response to external investor inattention. We argue that reduced investor attention raises incentivized managers’ needs to maintain firm growth and sustain financial resources, leading to more tax avoidance. We exploit a unique setting where peer firms are affected by a large initial public offering (IPO) in the industry, experiencing reduced investor attention, deteriorated firm performance, and reduced accessibility to external funds. We find that peer firms with reduced investor attention increase tax avoidance after large IPOs. The result is mostly driven by (1) firms with reduced investor attention and increased growth needs or (2) firms with reduced investor attention and increased financial constraint, suggesting the prominent role of internal incentives. We rule out two alternative explanations: peers’ mimicking behavior and competitive advantages. Our finding is robust to a series of tests, including coarsened exact matching, alternative measures, and alternative large IPO selection criterion.
Assessing fear of COVID-19 at an academic medical center.

PURPOSE This study measured the degree of COVID-19-related fear among academic medical center employees, identified subsections with high COVID-19 fear, and validated the Fear of COVID-19 Scale with medical professionals in the United States. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional, internet-based survey delivered by Qualtrics. The survey was conducted at the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center between May 21 and June 18, 2020. The medical center is composed of seven healthcare colleges, child and adult hospitals, a Veterans Hospital, and outpatient services clinics across the Oklahoma city area. Faculty, staff, and students (N = 1,761) from the Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center completed the survey. RESULTS COVID-19 fear is highest among nonclinical employees, smokers, and those with pre-existing conditions. Males and females, both clinicians and nonclinicians, appear to express their COVID-19 fears differently. Employees worried most about their families contracting the virus. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale is a valid and reliable assessment instrument among US healthcare workers. Responses were compared based on pre-existing medical condition(s), patient care or nonpatient care, sex, and occupational specialization. Analyses reveal a strong Cronbach's α measure of internal consistency (α = 0.87). Significant differences were observed among employees with a nonclinical emphasis (p = 0.02), with a predisposing medical health condition (p < 0.001), and with a nonacademic occupational specialization (p < 0.01), and by sex (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION COVID-19 fear significantly impacts academic medical center employees. Medical centers should address both healthcare and nonhealthcare workers' COVID-19-related fears. It is important to recognize that men and women may have different types of fears and express them differently, necessitating a gender-specific approach to managing COVID-19 fears. Employees with pre-existing conditions or who have vulnerable family members require additional support to remain fully functional and on the job.
Online Hate and Harmful Content

In times of ever-increasing changes in technology and online socio-cultural trends, there is a constant and pressing need for updated knowledge. This book provides the most up-to-date study of online hate speech and harms associated with the Internet. By presenting ground-breaking comparative research and introducing new concepts such as Identity Bubble Reinforcement, it breaks new ground both empirically and theoretically. Sveinung Sandberg, Professor, University of Oslo
Long-Acting GnRH Agonist Improves IVF Outcomes of Young Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve by Increasing Endometrial Receptivity.

Background: Up to now, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend a treatment optimizing in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes for diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). This study is aimed to investigate whether long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol in follicular phase could improve the IVF cycle outcomes for young patients with DOR when compared with GnRH antagonist and mild ovarian stimulation protocols. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out from June 2015 to March 2019. 338 patients aged 20-40 years with DOR who underwent first IVF between were enrolled. These patients were assigned to three groups depending on the ovarian stimulation protocols. The outcome parameters of IVF were compared in each group. The demographic and reproductive characteristics were calculated by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis or chi-square test as appropriate. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of IVF cycle between the three groups using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. In addition, we evaluated the morphology and coverage of pinopode and expression of HOXA10 in endometrium during implantation window between three groups by scanning electron microscope and qRT-PCR.Results: Patients who received long-acting GnRH agonist long protocol had significantly higher clinical pregnancy rates (66.67%, 42.17% and 39.02%, respectively; P=.010 and .005), implantation rates (46.15%, 29.71%, and 28.57%, respectively; P=.041 and .025) and ongoing pregnancy rates (60.00%, 34.94%, and 36.59%, respectively; P=.018 and .004). They also had significantly higher duration of stimulation, total dose of gonadotrophins and endometrial thickness than the other two groups (P＜.001). However, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2) level on gonadotrophins initiation day, serum LH level on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) day, the embryos transferred cancellation rate and abnormal endometrium rate were significantly lower among women who received long-acting GnRH agonist (P＜.001). In addition, we found that long-acting GnRH agonist could improve the development of pinopode and mRNA of HOXA10 (P＜.05). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first time that the benefit of long-acting GnRH agonist long protocol in follicular phase in young DOR patients has been reported. Though this novel protocol may have further suppressed response, it can increase endometrial receptivity, reduce cycle cancellation rate and improve IVF cycle clinical outcomes for these patients compared with mild stimulation and GnRH antagonist protocols.
Antioxidant activity of some natural essential oils in Vietnam: Comparison between QSAR simulation and experimental study

The antioxidant activity of essential oils from leaves of Piper betle L. (T) and Cleistocalyx operculatus L. (V) and aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides L. (H), indigenously grown in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam, is investigated. The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model comprising 4-hydroxy-chromene-2H-one and its 26 derivatives is used to predict the radical scavenging activity of T, V, and H. The radical scavenging activity of the oils is experimentally determined with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) via IC50 values. The experimental IC50 values are in good agreement with those obtained from the QSAR model. The IC50 value of Piper betle L. is 3.71 g/mL, comparable to that of the strong antioxidant ascorbic acid (3.03 g /mL).