Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human-in-the-Loop Learning From Crowdsourcing and Social Media

Computational social studies using public social media data have become more and more popular because of the large amount of user-generated data available. The richness of social media data, coupled with noise and subjectivity, raise significant challenges for computationally studying social issues in a feasible and scalable manner. Machine learning problems are, as a result, often subjective or ambiguous when humans are involved. That is, humans solving the same problems might come to legitimate but completely different conclusions, based on their personal experiences and beliefs. When building supervised learning models, particularly when using crowdsourced training data, multiple annotations per data item are usually reduced to a single label representing ground truth. This inevitably hides a rich source of diversity and subjectivity of opinions about the labels. Label distribution learning associates for each data item a probability distribution over the labels for that item, thus it can preserve diversities of opinions, beliefs, etc. that conventional learning hides or ignores. We propose a humans-in-the-loop learning framework to model and study large volumes of unlabeled subjective social media data with less human effort. We study various annotation tasks given to crowdsourced annotators and methods for aggregating their contributions in a manner that preserves subjectivity and disagreement. We introduce a strategy for learning label distributions with only five-to-ten labels per item by aggregating human-annotated labels over multiple, semantically related data items. We conduct experiments using our learning framework on data related to two subjective social issues (work and employment, and suicide prevention) that touch many people worldwide. Our methods can be applied to a broad variety of problems, particularly social problems. Our experimental results suggest that specific label aggregation methods can help provide reliable representative semantics at the population level.
COVID-19 OUTCOMES AMONG SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A MATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Background: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are considered to be 'vulnerable' to COVID-19 infection due to immunosuppression To date, there are no studies that compared the disease severity of COVID-19 in SOT recipients with non-SOT COVID-19 patients We characterized COVID-19 illness and clinical course among SOT recipients and compared the COVID-19 outcomes between SOT recipients and matched non-SOT patients Methods: In this case-control study, we compared the outcomes of COVID-19 between SOT recipients (cases: N=41) and their matched non-SOT (controls: N=121) patients from our center between 3/10/20 and 5/15/20 SOT recipients with COVID-19 were matched with up to three non-SOT COVID-19 controls on age (±5years), race, and admission status Patients were followed up until death or June 10, 2020 The primary outcome was death and secondary outcomes were severe diseasedefined as transfer to the intensive care unit and requiring at least humidified high flow oxygen), intubation and renal replacement therapy (RRT) use Results: The SOT recipients had the following transplants: 9 heart, 3 lung, 16 kidney, 8 liver and 5 dual organ (2 kidney-pancreas,1 heart-kidney, 1 liver-kidney, 1 kidney after liver) with a median age of 60 years (54-69), 80% male, 67% Black, 92% hypertension, 51% diabetes and 80% chronic kidney disease (CKD) Median time from transplant to COVID-19 was 9 years (5-16) Fortyfour percent of SOT COVID-19 had severe disease (61% renal replacement therapy [RRT], 61% intubation and 11% ECMO) The overall (14 6% vs 11 4%, P=NS) and severe disease (33% vs 29%;p=NS) case fatality rates were similar in SOT and non-SOT with COVID-19 Organ type did not predict the severe disease or death in SOT-recipients Risk of death was similar between SOT and non-SOT matched COVID-19 patients (HR=0 84[0 32, 2 20]) after adjusting for disease severity RRT use was higher in SOT recipients than matched non-SOT with COVID-19 (adjusted OR=5 32 [1 26, 22 42]) after adjusting for baseline CKD Tocilizumab use was higher in SOT than non-SOT COVID-19 patients (27% vs 9%, P=0 01) Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use for COVID-19 was similar (28% vs 29%;p=0 89) in both the groups Among SOT recipients, those treated with HCQ for COVID-19 had a ten-fold higher hazard of death compared to those who did not receive HCQ (HR=10 62[1 24, 91 09]) (Figure 1) This effect was not seen in non-SOT matched controls with COVID-19 Conclusion: Blacks and Males SOT recipients affected disproportionately with COVID-19 Black constitute one-tenth of all SOT in our center yet they represented two-thirds of COVID-19 cases Despite high RRT use in SOT recipients, the severe disease and short-term death were similar in both groups HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19 among SOT recipients was associated with high mortality and therefore, its role as a treatment modality requires further scrutiny(Figure Presented)
Unpacking the Difference Between Digital Transformation and IT-Enabled Organizational Transformation

Although digital transformation offers a number of opportunities for today’s organizations, information systems scholars and practitioners struggle to grasp what digital transformation really is, particularly in terms of how it differs from the well-established concept of information technology (IT)-enabled organizational transformation. By integrating literature from organization science and information systems research with two longitudinal case studies—one on digital transformation, the other on IT-enabled organizational transformation—we develop an empirically grounded conceptualization that sets these two phenomena apart. We find that there are two distinctive differences: (1) digital transformation activities leverage digital technology in (re)defining an organization’s value proposition, while IT-enabled organizational transformation activities leverage digital technology in supporting the value proposition, and (2) digital transformation involves the emergence of a new organizational identity, whereas IT-enabled organizational transformation involves the enhancement of an existing organizational identity. We synthesize these arguments in a process model to distinguish the different types of transformations and propose directions for future research.
Carbon dioxide emission derived from soil organic matter decomposition and root respiration in Japanese forests under different ecological conditions

Abstract Soil chambers with 3 types of soil treatment were used to analyze the environmental factors controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in forest soils of Japan and to separately determine CO2 emission from root respiration, microbial decomposition of organic matter in the O layer and in the mineral soil layers. Soil chambers were installed at the Kyoto, Miyazu-Oak, Miyazu-Cedar, Miyazu-Beech and Nobeyama sites; the sites differed from each other in soil temperature, vegetation and parent materials. The soil treatments applied at each of the 5 sites were as follows: (1) control plot, (2) O- plot with removal of the O layer, (3) root- plot with the suppression of root respiration by inserting the chambers to a depth of 20 cm and sealing the bottom. The CO2 emission levels at all sites were significantly correlated with soil temperature, but not with soil moisture levels. The annual rates of soil organic matter decomposition simulated based on the automatically recorded soil temperature were 5.1, 4.0, 5.2, 5.5 and 3.4 Mg C ha−1 at the Kyoto, Miyazu-Oak, Miyazu-Cedar, Miyazu-Beech and Nobeyama sites, respectively. These rates were influenced by soil temperature, litter fall rates and the carbon stocks. In contrast, the ratio of the annual rate of root respiration to the annual rate of soil respiration decreased as soil temperature decreased. Based on the carbon budget, the Miyazu-Cedar and Nobeyama sites appeared to have lost their soil carbon stock. For more accurate analysis, methods for the direct measurement of the input rate of root litter should be developed.
Structure of N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]nicotinamide (SG 75)

CsHgNaO 4, M r = 211.18, monoclinic, P21/a, a = 9 . 5 1 9 (1), b = 19.498 (2), c = 5.230 (1)A, f l = 102.10(2) °, V = 9 5 4 . 1 A 3, Z = 4 , D x = l . 4 7 8 g c m -3, 2 ( C u K a ) = 1.5418 A, g = 9.9 cm -l , F(000) = 440, * To whom all correspondence should be addressed. 0108-2701/87/122460-03501.50 T 298 K, final R 0.052 for 1327 unique reflections [/'20 > 2.0 tr(F2o)]. The SG 75 molecule adopts a folded conformation, which is stabilized by intramolecular van der Waals contacts between the carbonyl O atom and the nitro group. Intermolecular H bonds and short contacts are observed. © 1987 International Union of Crystallography NAWATA, TERAO, TERAZONO, IGUSA, YUTANI AND OCHI 2461 Experimental. Colorless thin plates of SG 75 grown from methanol. Crystal size 0-20 × 0.12 × 0.02 mm, Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 K-cradle diffractometer, Cu Kct radiation, graphite monochromator, 0-20 scan with scan speed 0.92-8.24 ° min -~ in 0, scan width (0.60 + 0.14tan0) °. Range of indices, 1 1 < h _ 11, 0 < k <_ 24, 0 < l _< 6 (20 < 150°). Lattice parameters determined based on 25 20 values (21 <20_<112°). Variation of standard < 0.4%; 1954 reflections measured; 1327 observed reflections with Fo 2 > 2.03(Fo2). Systematic absences hOl, h odd; 0k0, k odd. No corrections for absorption. Structure solved by direct methods with M U L T A N l l / 8 2 (Main, Fiske, Hull, Lessinger, Germain, Declercq & Woolfson, 1982). Refined by full-matrix least squares. The locations of H atoms were calculated stereochemically. Non-H atoms refined with anisotropic thermal parameters, and H atoms with isotropic thermal parameters (fixed at B = 5.0 A2). ~w( IFo l IFc l ) 2 minimized; w = 1.0 for F o < 519.5, w = (519.5/Fo) z for Fo>_519.5. Final R = 0 . 0 5 2 , wR=0 . 055 , S = 4 . 6 1 for 173 variables, secondary-extinction factor g = 2.9 (2) x 10 -6 [ I Fol = I Fcl/(1 + glc)]; A/O < 0'09,
Glomerular capillary tuft collapse and podocytopathic changes in a newborn with congenital Zika virus syndrome

Introduction: In early 2015, several patients presenting with dengue-like symptoms were described in Brazil's northeast region. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results from patients' sera revealed the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. In parallel, an unusually high incidence of microcephaly in newborns was observed in the same region. Zika virus infection can induce microcephaly and congenital abnormalities. Case Report: A male newborn (9 months of gestation, cesarean delivery) died within 20 hours. The mother had a confirmed viral infection in the third month of pregnancy. This report describes a case of ZIKV intrauterine infection associated with histologic alterations in the newborn kidney tissue. Immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction, and real-time RT-PCR were performed for the confirmation of ZIKV infection in tissues. Kidney samples were stained using conventional hematoxylin-eosin Sandra Mara Witkowski1, MD, Roberto Pecoits-Filho2, PhD, Claudia Nunes Duarte dos Santos3, PhD, Maria Fernanda S Soares4, PhD, Camila Zanluca3, PhD, Marina Luize Viola Azevedo1, MD, Lucia de Noronha1, MD, PhD Affiliations: 1Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; 2Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; 3Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; 4Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Corresponding Author: Sandra Mara Witkowski, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Email: sandrawtk@gmail.com Received: 04 August 2020 Accepted: 07 October 2020 Published: 05 November 2020 (H&E), methenamine silver, and periodic acid-Schiff with diastase digestion techniques. Analysis of brain tissue revealed severely affected gray and white matter sites of neuronophagy, gliosis, and calcium microdeposits. Immunohistochemistry (4G2 and specific anti-ZIKV monoclonal antibodies) showed diffusely distributed immunopositivity in glial cells. Aspects compatible with a focal segmental glomerular capillary tuft collapse associated with podocytopathic features with pseudocrescent formation were observed in the kidney tissue. Conclusion: This case suggests the ability of congenitally acquired ZIKV to produce alterations in renal cells and describes histological details of kidney involvement.
Metal Precipitation in Two Landfill Leachates

Leachate from solid‐waste landfills poses a significant environmental threat to groundwater supplies, warranting capture and treatment. Treatment prior to biological co‐production to reduce heavy metal concentrations via sorption onto in situ precipitated hydrous ferric and manganese oxides may provide adequate reductions while minimizing hazardous residuals. This investigation studied the partitioning of cadmium, copper, zinc, and nickel with iron and manganese solid phase formed from leachate constituents at pH 9. Batch‐type partitioning experiments were conducted using sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide for pH control. Naturally produced leachate was obtained from the Snohomish County and King County solid‐state disposal facilities in Washington state. The cadmium‐sorbent ratios of this investigation were well below those found by previous researchers; however, removal rates were somewhat below those found in organic‐free systems. These lower removal rates might be attributed to the “complexation” .
Glacial isostatic adjustment directed incision of the Channeled Scabland by Ice Age megafloods

Significance The glacial Lake Missoula outburst floods are among the largest known floods on Earth. Dozens of these floods scoured the landscapes of eastern Washington during the last Ice Age, from 18 to 15.5 thousand years ago, forming what is known as the Channeled Scabland. We explored how changes in topography due to the solid Earth’s response to ice sheet loading and unloading influenced the history of megaflood routing over the Channeled Scabland. We found that deformation of Earth’s crust played an important role in directing the erosion of the Channeled Scabland. During the last deglaciation, dozens of glacial outburst floods—among the largest known floods on Earth—scoured the Channeled Scabland landscape of eastern Washington. Over this same period, deformation of the Earth’s crust in response to the growth and decay of ice sheets changed the topography by hundreds of meters. Here, we investigated whether glacial isostatic adjustment affected routing of the Missoula floods and incision of the Channeled Scabland from an impounded, glacial Lake Columbia. We used modern topography corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment as an input to flood models that solved the depth-averaged, shallow water equations and compared the results to erosion constraints. Results showed that floods could have traversed and eroded parts of two major tracts of the Channeled Scabland—Telford-Crab Creek and Cheney–Palouse—near 18 ka, whereas glacial isostatic adjustment limited flow into the Cheney–Palouse tract at 15.5 ka. Partitioning of flow between tracts was governed by tilting of the landscape, which affected the filling and overspill of glacial Lake Columbia directly upstream of the tracts. These results highlight the impact of glacial isostatic adjustment on megaflood routing and landscape evolution.
Refractive Indices and Dielectric Studies of Three Phenylcyclohexane Liquid Crystals in the Nematic Phase

The refractive indices ne, no and densities and the dielectric primittivities e∥ and e⊥ of three P-cyano-P-alkylcyclohexanes (PHC-3, PCH-5, PCH-7) have been measured at different temperatures. The .
Role of end effects in helical aggregation

End effects are known to play a pivotal role in equilibrium polymerization. To investigate their role in detail, we apply constraints to the first and last bonds of model linear aggregates that exhibit a helix-coil type configurational transition. Three different classes of behavior manifest themselves. These can be distinguished by the presence or absence of re-entrance behavior of nonhelical conformations at constant helical-bond strength, as well as by the dependence of the locations of the polymerization and helical transitions on the cooperativity of the helical transition. A comparison of the theory with experimental data on solutions of chiral discotic molecules in n-butanol shows that only one of the three classes can account for the experimental observations.
EVIDENCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC FEEDING BETWEEN ICHTHYOSAURS AND THE OLDEST OCCURRENCE OF THE HEXANCHID SHARK NOTIDANODON FROM THE UPPER JURASSIC OF NORTHERN ITALY

, 126(3): 629-655. Abstract . In 2016, two fossil marine reptiles were re-discovered in the collections of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona. Originally recovered near Asiago, Vicenza province (northern Italy) from an outcrop of the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Fm. (Middle-Upper Jurassic), they were never described. Morphological analysis carried out under UV-light allowed enhancing contrast with the surrounding matrix and better identifying some anatomical details. Both specimens consist of partially articulated postcranial elements from two distinct ichthyosaurs, including vertebrae, ribs, and some fragmentary elements of the appendicular skeleton. The first specimen V7101 is here tenta tively assigned to Ophthalmosauridae based on a combination of features shared with other taxa in this family, such as the regionalization of the vertebral column. Taphonomical analysis suggests a long exposure of the carcass on the sea floor before burial; two teeth of the hexanchiform shark Notidanodon found near the ribcage could indicate scavenging. An ichthyosaur tooth most probably not belonging to the same specimen was found stuck on a rib and can also be attributed to scavenging – the first ever record of this interaction between two ichthyosaurs. The second specimen V7102 is represented by a poorly preserved partial vertebral column and is here referred to Ichthyosauria indet. due to the absence of taxonomically significant characters. Calcareous nannofossil data and microfacies analyses allow us to assign both specimens to the basal Kimmeridgian. This makes the two Notidanodon teeth associated with V7101 the oldest recorded occurrence of this genus.
Literature Review of the Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in a Turbulent Economic Environment

This theoretical study sought to investigate the effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of commercial banks in a turbulent economic and political environment. A lot of studies in corporate governance and firm performance have focused mainly on the manufacturing and other sectors with the exclusion of the financial. The current study focuses on this neglected sector in the assessment of the effect of corporate governance on performance of commercial banks in a turbulent economic and political environment. The results from the investigation indicate that the rights of shareholders, transparency and disclosure and board operation enhance performance and eventually improve shareholders’ value. The results of the research give a strong support to the idea that good governance framework is crucial in the financial sector as it positively influences firm performance. The desktop study also reveals that during times of high political volatility, the board of directors could try to make profit maximization the main goal in order to drive the bank towards making profits as the chances of making losses will be very high. This comes from the fact that the board is expected to manage all the bank’s forms of risks, through both the risk management committee and the audit committee. The study scrutinized the effect of corporate governance on the performance of commercial banks. It is evident that corporate governance performs a major function in the overall growth and success of banks. The findings of this study advocate and support good corporate governance practices in commercial banks as a tool of curbing bank collapsing.
Trade Unions’ Reactions to Non-implementation of Collective Agreements in the Lagos State Public Sector

The objective of the study is to examine trade unions’ reactions to the non-implementation of collective agreements in the Lagos State public sector. The non-implementation of collective agreements between employers and trade unions has been the source of strikes and all forms of industrial conflict in the work place. The study employed cross sectional design and adopted survey method as research strategy. The reliability of the research instrument was determined using the Cronbach’s Alpha and the outcome was 0.796. It was hypothesised that non-implementation of collective bargaining agreement does not affect trade unions’ reactions in the Lagos State public sector. A regression analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS version 20, considering the trade unions reactions as the criterion variable and non-implementation of collective bargaining agreement as the predictor variable. The result of the regression indicated the predictor explained 4.8% of the variance in the criterion variable. (R2=0.48; F (1,328) =16.435, p<0.05). It was found that non-implementation of collective bargaining agreement significantly affect trade unions’ reactions in the Lagos State public sector at (β=0.219, p<0.05). The outcome of the this study revealed that the non-implementation of collective bargaining agreements has implications for trade unions’ reactions. Arising from the findings of the study, it is hereby recommended that to foster cordial labour- management relationship and to promote industrial harmony, governments at all levels should honor collective agreements.
Crystal structure of dekagadolìiiium(III) oxide tetradekasulfide, Gd10OS14

Source of material: GdioOSn was obtained from С020з, gadolinium powder and sulfur (molar ratio 1:28:42) with equimolar amounts of CsCl or GdCb as fluxing agents (see refs. 1 and 2). The mixtures were heated in sealed evacuated silica tubes at 973 К (7 d) and subsequently cooled down (50 K/d) to ambient temperature. The refined X-ray powder diffraction data (a = 14.7437(6) Â, с = 19.571(1) Â) agree weU with those (a = 14.748(2) Â, с = 19.564(4) Â) previously reportedfor high-pressure prepared samples (see refs. 2 and 3). GdioOSi4 belongs to the PrioOSi4-type structure, see refs. 1 and 4-7. The crystal structure contains discrete [0(Gd(2))4]'°^tetrahedra (d((>-Gd(2)) = 2.352(1)Â, 4 χ) embedded into a matrix ([GdeSul of the remainder gadolinium sulfide (see Fig., Gd( 1 ) and Gd(3): black, S: gray circles).
Interactions of fulvic acid with aluminium and a proto‐imogolite sol: the contribution of E‐horizon eluates to podzolization

The podzolization process is examined in the light of measurements of the solubility characteristics of aluminium fulvate, the extent of dissolution of a proto‐imogolite sol by fulvic acid, the adsorption capacity of proto‐imogolite for fulvic acid and aluminium fulvate, and published evidence. Fulvic acid at 500 mg l−1 acting on a proto‐imogolite (PI) preparation containing 0.95 mmol l−1 Al as PI did not bring enough Al into solution at pH 4.5–5.0 over 4–15 months to cause significant precipitation of the fulvic acid. As allophanic Bs horizons of podzols typically have pH ≥ 4.8, fulvic acids entering them in drainage water cannot be quantitatively precipitated by dissolution of Al from the allophane. They are, however, strongly absorbed on the allophane, and this must be the mechanism that removes most of the fulvic acid at the top of the Bs horizon, and which contributes, along with colloidal humus and root decomposition, to the formation of a Bh horizon.