Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Canine Intestinal Parasites in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Intestinal parasites in canine can cause malnutrition, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and anemia. Several species of internal parasites that exist in dogs’ intestine may lead to zoonotic diseases. In this study, canine fecal samples (n꞊ 48) were collected from public spaces and privet properties in Duhok province to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, and to identify the predominant parasitic species and to evaluate the potential risk factors among the animals. All samples were examined for intestinal helminthes and protozoa by direct microscopy, flotation and sedimentation methods. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was (54.16%), 52% in males and 56.52% in females. The study revealed the presence of two species of parasites detected included Toxocara canis (68%) and Echinococcus granulosis (32%). Furthermore canine breed, age, sex and type of food showed an association with varying degrees with prevalence of canine intestinal parasites.
Complex Matrices for the Approximate Evaluation of Probabilistic Queries

This paper studies the evaluation of probabilistic SPARQL queries. The evaluation of such queries is, in principle, conceptually simple and straightforward. However, it does incur a time cost that must be taken into account. It thus expedient to devise methods that lower this cost. We propose and explain such a method, which makes use of complex matrices. The idea to resort to the complex numbers is inspired from the greatly expanding field of unconventional computing, and, in particular, from quantum computing. This novel proposal simplifies and speeds up calculation of products of probabilities. Therefore, it is particularly promising in these cases where the same answer set can be obtained either by employing exact computations or by employing suitable approximations, as is indeed the case in many probabilistic queries
Moral Taste and Moral Education – An Interview Study

In recent research on moral psychology, the human consciousness has been compared to a tongue, with different taste buds, which together can cause a variety of sensations. According to this theory, people in general have a preparedness to react to situations, which can provide opportunities or pose threats in a social context. Moral psychologist, Jonathan Haidt, has described these receptors as pairs, for example: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/ betrayal, authority/subversion and sanctity/degradation. Which of these foundations the individual develops a taste for depends, largely, on the social and cultural context. Hence, the choices teachers make of which issues to address and in what way can contribute to a learning environment that influences their pupils’ moral outlook. The purpose of this study is to investigate which of these moral intuitions or taste preferences that teachers want to endorse and cultivate in their pedagogical practices. Against this background, a number of qualitative research interviews were conducted with experienced teachers in the non-confessional subject religious education (RE), who have a particular responsibility for moral education in the Swedish school system. The interviews were based on a modified version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, which was deliberately developed to determine the participants’ moral taste, and the participants were asked to elaborate their answers. The results indicate that the participants tended to favour harm and fairness over loyalty, authority and sanctity. As one of the participants puts it: “many of my examples relate to the weak and vulnerable or the ones that are denied their rights in society… these pedagogical choices are based on the content of the curriculum but also mirror my own preferences”. In this paper we analyse the interviews with the RE teachers and critically discuss the consequences the moral foundations theory has for moral education. Keywords: moral education, ethics education, moral psychology, moral foundations theory
The fiscal impact of immigration in the EU

The increasing flows of immigrants in Europe over the last decade has generated a range of considerations in the policy agenda of many receiving countries. One of the main considerations for policy makers and public opinions alike is whether immigrants contribute their ”fair” share to their host country tax and welfare system. This paper seeks to answer this question based on an empirical assessment of the net fiscal contributions of immigrants in the 27 EU Member States using EUROMOD, a EU-wide tax-benefit microsimulation model. In addition to the traditional view of the tax-benefit system, we add indirect taxation and in-kind benefits to the analysis of net contributions. Our findings highlight that migrants on average contributed about 250 euro per year more than natives to the welfare state in 2015. However, when we take an average age-specific life-cycle perspective, we find that natives generally show a higher net fiscal contribution than both, intra-EU and extra-EU migrants, while extra-EU migrants contribute on average less than intra-EU migrants.
Reconciling the opposing economic effects of works councils across databases

Recent studies on the economic effects of works councils in Germany using the European Company Survey estimate a significant negative effect of works councils on establishment productivity and profitability. These results are in stark contrast to studies using the IAB Establishment Panel estimating a significant positive effect of works councils on establishment productivity and profitability. This article scrutinises these empirical approaches. While sample selection and control variables have a substantial impact on the magnitude of marginal effects, the definition of the dependent variable as an objective or subjective measure causes the opposing signs. Beyond that, similar measures in both datasets lead to comparable marginal effects highlighting the relevance of the definition of the dependent variable for inferences and interpretation of studies about the effectiveness of industrial relations institutions and raising questions about the validity of the performance measures.
TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE SOJA COM ZINCO: EFEITO NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E PRODUTIVIDADE

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes de soja com zinco na qualidade fisiologica das sementes tratadas e produzidas bem como nas caracteristicas agronomicas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 X 5 (Lotes: A e B; e doses da fonte: 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 mL kg-1 de semente). Apos o tratamento das sementes, foi analisada a qualidade fisiologica das mesmas, avaliadas pelo teste de germinacao, primeira contagem de germinacao, teste frio, envelhecimento acelerado, comprimento da parte aerea e de raiz. Na sequencia foi realizada a semeadura das sementes tratadas em vasos, conduzindo o experimento ate a fase de maturacao de campo. Apos a colheita, foram avaliados as caracteristicas agronomicas e a qualidade fisiologica das sementes produzidas. As caracteristicas agronomicas foram avaliadas atraves do numero de sementes por planta, numero de legumes por planta, peso de sementes por planta. A qualidade das sementes produzidas foi avaliada pelos testes acima citados mais o teste de emergencia a campo. O tratamento das sementes de soja nas doses entre 2 a 6 mL kg de sementes-1 apresentou os melhores resultados para a qualidade fisiologica e caracteristicas agronomicas. O numero de sementes por planta, numero de legumes por planta e peso de sementes por planta apresentam incrementos com o aumento das doses de zinco. O tratamento das sementes de soja com zinco nao influencia a qualidade fisiologica das sementes produzidas. Os lotes apresentam comportamentos diferentes em resposta ao tratamento das sementes com zinco.
Systematic global evaluation of accuracy of seasonal climateforecasts for monthly precipitation of JMA/MRI-CPS2 bycomparing with a statistical system using climate indices

Abstract. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the monthly precipitation forecasts of JMA/MRI-CPS2, a global dynamical seasonal climate forecast (Dyn-SCF) system operated in the Japan Meteorological Agency, by comparing them with the forecasts of a statistical SCF (St-SCF) system using climate indices systematically and globally. Accordingly, we developed a new global St-SCF system using 18 climate indices and compared the monthly precipitation of this system with those of JMA/MRI-CPS2. Consequently, it was found that JMA/MRI-CPS2 forecasts are superior to St-SCFs around the equator (10° S–10° N) even for six-month lead forecasts. For one-month lead forecasts, the accuracy of JMA/MRI-CPS2 forecasts was higher than that of St-SCFs when viewed globally. In contrast, for forecasts made two months or longer in advance, St-SCFs had an advantage in global forecasts. In addition to evaluating the accuracy of JMA/MRI-CPS2 forecasts, the slow dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere, not reproduced by the JMA/MRI-CPS2 system, were determined by comparing the evaluations, and it was concluded that this could contribute to improving Dyn-SCF systems.
R OBUST T EMPORAL E NSEMBLING

Successful training of deep neural networks with noisy labels is an essential capability as most real-world datasets contain some amount of mislabeled data. Left unmitigated, label noise can sharply degrade typical supervised learning approaches. In this paper, we present robust temporal ensembling (RTE), a simple supervised learning approach which combines robust task loss, temporal pseudolabeling, and a ensemble consistency regularization term to achieve noise-robust learning. We demonstrate that RTE achieves state-of-the-art performance across the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet datasets, while forgoing the recent trend of label filtering/fixing. In particular, RTE achieves 93.64% accuracy on CIFAR-10 and 66.43% accuracy on CIFAR-100 under 80% label corruption, and achieves 74.79% accuracy on ImageNet under 40% corruption. These are substantial gains over previous state-of-the-art accuracies of 86.6%, 60.2%, and 71.31%, respectively, achieved using three distinct methods. Finally, we show that RTE retains competitive corruption robustness to unforeseen input noise using CIFAR10-C, obtaining a mean corruption error (mCE) of 13.50% even in the presence of an 80% noise ratio, versus 26.9% mCE with standard methods on clean data.
Development of a Functional non-Alcoholic Beverage from Sorghum Stem Sheath and Local Spices

Optimum conditions for the production of a nonalcoholic beverage from Sorghum Stem Sheath (SSS) and three local spices were investigated. The drink was developed from combinations of important variables, Alligator Pepper, AP (0.00, 0.75, 1.50 g/100 ml), ginger (0.00, 0.75, 1.50 g/100 ml), garlic (0.00, 0.75, 1.50 g/100 ml), Extraction Temperature, ET (80, 90, 100 C) and Time of Extraction, TOE (10, 25, 40 min) based on a modification of fractional central composite rotatable design with 32 runs in three replicates using Design-Expert software (version 6.0.8). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied as an optimization technique over eight response variables: Total Phenols Content (TPC), Vitamin C Content (VCC), 1,1-diphenyl -2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Total Carotenoids Content (TCC), Zinc Content (ZC), Iron Content (IC), Oxalate Content (OC) and Tannin Content (TC). Predictive models for the response variables were developed as a function of the process variables. The conventional graphical method was applied to obtain maximum TPC, VCC, DPPH, TCC and IC, and minimum OC. Second-order polynomials obtained to predict the response variables were all significant (p<0.05) with good correlation coefficients (R) between 0.895 and 0.937 showing that the models can be used to navigate the design space. Contour plots of each of the response variables were utilized, applying superposition surface methodology to obtain three contour plots for observation and selection of the best (optimum) combination of AP, ginger, garlic, ET and TOE as 1.50 mg/100 ml, 1.49 mg/100 ml, 0.15 mg/100 ml, 80 °C and 40 min, respectively. This combination produced optimized drink with TPC, VCC, DPPH, TCC, IC and OC of 0.22 mg/100 ml, 3.54 mg/100 ml, 61.65%, 699.46 mg/100 ml, 4.16 mg/100 ml and 0.55 mg/100 ml, respectively.
Experimental models of endocrine responsive breast cancer: strengths, limitations, and use

Breast cancers characterized by expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER; ESR1) represent approximately 70% of all new cases and comprise the largest molecular subtype of this disease. Despite this high prevalence, the number of adequate experimental models of ER+ breast cancer is relatively limited. Nonetheless, these models have proved very useful in advancing understanding of how cells respond to and resist endocrine therapies, and how the ER acts as a transcription factor to regulate cell fate signaling. We discuss the primary experimental models of ER+ breast cancer including 2D and 3D cultures of established cell lines, cell line- and patient-derived xenografts, and chemically induced rodent models, with a consideration of their respective general strengths and limitations. What can and cannot be learned easily from these models is also discussed, and some observations on how these models may be used more effectively are provided. Overall, despite their limitations, the panel of models currently available has enabled major advances in the field, and these models remain central to the ability to study mechanisms of therapy action and resistance and for hypothesis testing that would otherwise be intractable or unethical in human subjects.
Examining the Structural Relationships among Heritage Proximity, Perceived Impacts, Attitude and Residents’ Support in Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism

Among the many methods of revitalizing intangible cultural heritage (ICH), tourism undoubtedly has the largest social and economic benefits. Taijiquan, also known as Tai Chi, was included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in December 2020. It provides the local destination with a unique selling point for strengthening local tourism competitiveness. The research on the relationship between the heritage proximity and residents’ perceived impacts to ICH tourism is not sufficient within the tourism literature, whereas they have recently attracted numerous interests worldwide. In response, this study aims to examine the relationships among residents’ heritage proximity, perceived impacts of ICH tourism, attitude and support. Structural equation modelling has been performed and a total of 262 residents were investigated in Wen County, China. Results indicates that residents’ heritage proximity has positive influence on perceived positive impacts, while has no influence on perceived negative impacts. Residents’ heritage proximity and perceived impacts significantly influence their attitude, so that to influence residents’ support for tourism development. This study makes a significant theoretical contribution to the ICH tourism literature. Furthermore, this study has a number of practical implications for the local departments of tourism and ICH.
DEVELOPING SPATIAL ABILITY USING 3D MODELING IN LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL

In recent years 3D modeling has been increasingly utilized during product design in lower secondary schools as well. Its greatest advantage over classical technical drawing and 2D drawing software lies in the fact students are able to observe the object they are designing from all the viewpoints of a virtual three-dimensional space. Since thinking and visualization in the process of object design also appear in three dimensions, the mental manipulation and guesswork required from students in order to add another dimension to an object pictured on a level plane are no longer necessary. Additionally, 3D modeling has a range of contributions to the cognitive development of children, which was also the subject of this research. The central question raised was whether students are able to improve their spatial ability by using modeling tools. The research included 196 students aged between 11– 15 years, of which 95 were placed in the experimental group and 101 in the control group. Spatial ability was measured using pre-test and post-test.
Amniotomy or Preservation of Membranes- What is More Effective? A Randomised Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Hospital Of Central India

Cite this article: Pahwa A (2021) Amniotomy or Preservation of MembranesWhat is More Effective? A Randomised Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Hospital Of Central India. Med J Obstet Gynecol 9(2): 1150. *Corresponding author Anshul Pahwa, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ShriVasantrao Naik Medical College and Hospital, 34/3 Murai Mohalla, Chhawni, Indore, Madhya Prdesh, India (452001); Tel: 9130193505; Email: anshulpahwa.2007@gmail.com
Welfare Effects of Unemployment Benefits When Informality is High

IZA DP No. 14601 JULY 2021 Welfare Effects of Unemployment Benefits When Informality Is High We analyze for the first time the welfare effects of unemployment benefits (UBs) in a context of high informality, exploiting matched administrative and survey data with individual-level information on UB receipt, formal and informal employment, wages and consumption. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that dismissal from a formal job causes a large drop in consumption, which is between three to six times larger than estimates for developed economies. This is generated by a permanent shift of UB recipients towards informal employment, where they earn substantially lower wages. We then exploit a kink in benefits and show that more generous UBs delay program exit through a substitution of formal with informal employment. However, the disincentive effects are small and shortlived. Because of the high insurance value and the low efficiency costs, welfare effects from increasing UBs are positive for a range of values of the coefficient of relative risk aversion. JEL Classification: J46, J65, J68
Assessing the Impacts of Competition and Dispersal on a Multiple Interactions Type Model

Multiple interactions (e.g., mutualist-resource-competitor-exploiter interactions) type models are known to exhibit oscillatory behaviour as a result of their complexity. This large-amplitude oscillation often de-stabilises multispecies communities and increases the chances of species extinction. What mechanisms help species in a complex ecological system to persist? Some studies show that dispersal can stabilise an ecological community and permit multi-species coexistence. However, previous empirical and theoretical studies often focused on one- or two-species systems, and in real life, we have more than two-species coexisting together in nature. Here, we employ a (four-species) multiple interactions type model to investigate how competition interacts with other biotic factors and dispersal to shape multi-species communities. Our results reveal that dispersal has (de-)stabilising effects on the formation of multi-species communities, and this phenomenon shapes coexistence mechanisms of interacting species. These contrasting effects of dispersal can best be illustrated through its combined influences with the competition. To do this, we employ numerical simulation and bifurcation analysis techniques to track the stable and unstable attractors of the system. Results show the presence of Hopf bifurcations, transcritical bifurcations, period-doubling bifurcations and limit point bifurcations of cycles as we vary the competitive strength in the system. Furthermore, our bifurcation analysis findings show that stable coexistence of multiple species is possible for some threshold values of ecologically-relevant parameters in this complex system. Overall, we discover that the stability and coexistence mechanisms of multiple species depend greatly on the interplay between competition, other biotic components and dispersal in multi-species ecological systems.
D IFFERENTIAL -C RITIC GAN: G ENERATING W HAT Y OU W ANT BY A C UE OF P REFERENCES

This paper proposes Differential-Critic Generative Adversarial Network (DiCGAN) to learn the distribution of user-desired data when only partial instead of the entire dataset possesses the desired properties. Existing approaches select the desired samples ﬁrst and train regular GANs on the selected samples to derive the user-desired data distribution. DiCGAN introduces a differential critic that can learn the preference direction from the pairwise preferences over the entire dataset. The resultant critic guides the generation of the desired data instead of the whole data. Speciﬁcally, apart from the Wasserstein GAN loss, a ranking loss of the pairwise preferences is deﬁned over the critic. It endows the difference of critic values between each pair of samples with the pairwise preference relation. The higher critic value indicates that the sample is preferred by the user. Thus training the generative model for higher critic values encourages the generation of user-preferred samples. Extensive experiments show that our DiCGAN can learn the user-desired data distributions.
By Choice or by Force? Exploring the Nature of Informal Employment in Urban Mexico

IZA DP No. 14278 APRIL 2021 By Choice or by Force? Exploring the Nature of Informal Employment in Urban Mexico* Using a special module of the 2015 Mexican Labour Force Survey with information on workers’ preferences for jobs with social security coverage, I estimate that 80 per cent of informal workers in large urban areas would prefer to work in a job that provides them with such coverage. The estimation of a discrete choice econometric model which distinguishes between wanting a formal job and the probability of getting one shows that schooling increases the chances of being hired in formal employment and of having higher earnings in it. Women with greater responsibilities at home are less likely to want formal employment, and they also face a lower probability of being hired in such jobs. The findings indicate the segmentation of Mexican labour markets and the rationing of formal jobs, together with the existence of workers who voluntarily participate in informal employment. However, the estimated fraction of involuntary informal workers is quite high. JEL Classification: O17
ACCOUNTABILITY OPTIMIZATION OF LOCAL BUDGET POLICY IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to analyze and formulate strategies to enhance the accountability of local budget policy by determining the supporting and inhibiting factors. This is a qualitative research carried out in South Tangerang City, Banten Province. Data were analyzed by coding and elaborating on the policies, in accordance with the objectives of local government in Indonesia. The research focuses on achieving accountability from the aspects of legitimacy, moral conduct, responsiveness, openness, optimal resource utilization, with an increase in efficiency and effectiveness to optimize regional budget policy. The result showed that performance-based budgeting has not supported the achievement of accountability of local budget policies in Indonesia because it tends to measure agency performance more than the impact on society. Therefore, the optimization in the implementation of local budget policy accountability can be carried out by balancing the orientation of local budget policy from pro-bureaucracy to procitizens, local government leaders committed to government ethics and local budgets prioritize openness and public participation. The implication of this research is the importance associated with evaluating the performance-based budgeting policy for citizens' welfare.