Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Medication Errors from the Perspective of Nursing Staff

Introduction: Medication administration is a key responsibility of nurses. If this duty is not properly accomplished, it can cause serious threats to the health and safety of patients. Aim: To explore factors affecting the frequency of medication errors from the perspective of nurses in educational hospitals of Ilam, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive analytical study was conducted on 120 nurses randomly selected from teaching hospitals of Ilam. A two part standard questionnaire was used. Its first part was on the participants demographic information. The second part consisted of three domains including 11 questions on the factors associated with nursing, seven questions on the factors associated with wards, and four questions on the factors associated with nursing management. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 19.0. The significant p-value was considered less than 0.05. A total of 120 completely filled questionnaires were obtained and this formed the study data. Results: The participants included 50 (42) males and 70 (58) females. In all the three domains, the most frequent factors resulting in the incidence of medication errors included: occupational fatigue exhaustion (58.5), nurses personal neglect (56), heavy workload in wards (65.6), and inadequate staffing and high nurse/patient ratios (69.7), respectively. Conclusion: Fatigue, personal carelessness, heavy workload, inadequate staffing and high nurse/patient ratios are the important and effective factors causing medication errors. Reducing the number of nurse's shifts during the month and increasing the number of personnel per shift are recommended.
Deep learning-based food image classification and crowdsourcing-based calorie estimation approach to support dietary management

Food logging is a technique that is used to monitor nutritional intake and research states that food logging is essential for weight management. The aim of this research was two fold; to investigate, develop, and evaluate computer vision and deep learning approaches for food image classification and also to explore and evaluate methods that could be used for predicting nutritional content in food images. In regards to food image logging, this research applied computer vision and deep learning techniques to detect and classify food items in photographs and utilised crowdsourcing along with image processing methods to estimate calories of food portions for dietary management. This research presents studies that inform the development of an automated food image logging platform that combines image classification and calorie estimation to support dietary management. This thesis consists of four studies, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 research, develop, and evaluate image based approaches and crowdsourcing for calorie estimation. Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 focus on developing and evaluating approaches for food image classification. Chapter 5 investigates the use of conventional image feature extraction approaches with supervised machine learning classification algorithms in classifying a range of food image datasets. Chapter 6 investigates and evaluates the use of deep residual convolutional neural network (CNN) features in classifying a variety of food image datasets. Chapter 7 synthesises results from each study and discusses how they can be integrated into a dietary management framework. This research contributed to the literature by proposing a dietary management system that combines deep learning approaches for food image classification and crowdsourcing for calorie estimation. A novel crowdsourcing calorie adjustment approach was proposed to promote accuracy in food logging for dietary management along with combining state-of-the-art ResNet-152 CNN deep feature extraction with machine learning models to classify variety of food image datasets.
Monitoring Blood Consumption with Emphasis on MSBOS Table in Educational Hospitals Zahedan, Iran, 2014

The proper utilization of blood is only clear in the application of blood transfusion to treat cases that lead to mortality and cannot be effectively prevented or treated by other methods 1. Blood transfusion process faces cases such as storage time limitation and high preserving costs 2. This study was conducted with the aim to determine blood consumption indices in patients hospitalized in educational hospitals in Zahedan. This descriptive-analytic study was carried out in educational hospitals of Zahedan, Iran, 2014. All submitted orders from the hospitals sections to the blood bank were assessed. Two major indices of crossmatch-to-transfusion ratio (C/T ratio) and Transfusion probability (TI%) were calculated for all the patients and individual sections and compared with the standard value. In relation to the C/T ratio index: the anesthetic section had the highest value with a ratio of 2.7 and the hematologic section had the lowest value with a ratio of 1.04. Furthermore, pediatric, internal, ICU and hematology sections were in a good position in terms of the C/T index. In relation to the TI index: the internal section had the highest value of 2.8 and the pediatric section had the lowest value of 0.87. In general, the orders of blood products and consumption are in a proper situation in the educational hospitals in Zahedan. Despite this, comparisons between the different studies can reveal contradictions in the situation of blood orders and consumption in the country.
Aircraft Mode S Transponder Fingerprinting for Intrusion Detection

Nowadays, aircraft safety is based on different systems and four of them share the same data-link protocol: Secondary Surveillance Radar, Automatic Dependent Surveillance System, Traffic Collision Avoidance System, and Traffic Information System use the Mode S protocol to send and receive information. This protocol does not provide any kind of authentication, making some of these applications vulnerable to cyberattacks. In this paper, an intrusion detection mechanism based on transmitter Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting is proposed to distinguish between legitimate messages and fake ones. The proposed transmitter signature is described and an intrusion detection algorithm is developed and evaluated in case of different intrusion configurations, also with the use of real recorded data. The results show that it is possible to detect the presence of fake messages with a high probability of detection and very low probability of false alarm.
What is the Impact of Implant-supported Mandibular Overdentures on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life? A Retrospective Study

Objective: Oral health-related quality of life (QoL) is significantly influenced by the type of the prostheses that is used for prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with complete edentulism. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of mandibular implant-supported overdentures (MODs) through patients’ perceptions by analyzing the results from OHIP-14 index. Methods: Relationships between OHIP-14 scores, and clinical and patient-based findings are investigated. Results: Forty-seven patients were included in the study. OHIP-14 scores ranged from 0 to 35, with a mean score of 5.81 (±6.89), indicating an overall “very high” quality of life. Patients with “very high” QoL had significantly lower pain scores than those with both “high” and “low” QoL (p=0.000, p=0.036 respectively). Further analysis revealed a positive correlation between total OHIP points and pain level (r= 0.738, p=0.000). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that patients with complete edentulism of the mandible can effectively be rehabilitated with two implant-supported mandibular overdentures and be provided with a “very high” oral health-related QoL.
Evolutionary History, Predation, and Coastal Upwelling Interactively Influence Native Oyster Habitat in Tomales Bay, California

Certain structurally complex species such as corals and trees can create habitat that provides the foundation upon which ecological communities are built. Thus, understanding the biotic and abiotic limits of these “foundation species” may provide a means for conserving biodiversity and key ecosystem functions. For my dissertation, I studied native oyster habitat (Ostrea lurida) in Tomales Bay, CA, which acts as a foundation species by increasing community species richness and densities. Much of this habitat, however, has been depleted in areas where native crabs and whelks have been replaced by invasive crabs and whelks (Chapter 1). This work shows that in many cases invaders lack a shared evolutionary history and do not recognize each other as predator and prey. Therefore, predator-prey interactions like trophic cascades that normally benefit oysters have been short-circuited. Underlying these potentially important “top- down controls” is a spatial gradient in phytoplankton abundance that is tied to coastal upwelling (Chapter 2). During the summer-upwelling months, the lack of fresh water flowing into the estuary allows the daily pumping of water with each high and low tide (i.e., tidal excursion) to lengthen water residence times as distance from the ocean increases. The tidal excursion’s exchange with coastal waters creates a gradient of coastal nutrients that interacts with water residence times to promote consistent phytoplankton blooms in the middle portion of the estuary. These food subsidies influence oyster habitat from the “bottom-up” by allowing juvenile oysters to grow faster in the middle-bay region when compared to oysters in the outer- and inner-bay regions. In addition to phytoplankton, recruitment of oyster larvae is another important bottom-up control (Chapter 3). But the 4-6 week planktonic stage of these larvae allows them to accumulate in the inner bay where residence times are higher. Because high abundances of recruitment and phytoplankton are decoupled in space and because recruitment is inconsistent, the top-down and bottom-up controls identified in this system interact differently over time. These interactions then create temporally varying gradients of oyster density and size that cannot be understood without simultaneously considering the effects and underlying mechanisms of mortality, growth, and recruitment.
The Ethics of Presence When Bathing Patients in a Nursing Home

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to examine the effects of viewing the feature film Wit on the empathy ratings of nursing students. The Jefferson Scale of empathy (JSE) was used to measure nursing students’ empathy levels. Findings suggest a statistically significant increase in empathy scores in the experimental group from pre-test to post-test #1 (t = 2.60; p = 0.0133) and also from pre-test to post-test #2 (t = 2.10; p = 0.0424). In this study, the experience of viewing the film, as opposed to classroom teaching alone, enhanced student empathy ratings.
Evaluation of the Phosphocalcic Profile of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients in Senegal

Introduction: CKD-MBD are defined by the disturbances of phosphocalcic metabolism and their consequences on the skeleton (fragility by osteopenia) and on the soft tissues. Few studies have been done in Africa on this subject. Only one study limited to the city of Dakar, had been carried out in Senegal in 2014. That is why we have taken this study for all of Senegal to improve the indicators for a better care of the patients. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive and analytical study that had been performed in seven hemodialysis centers in Senegal over a period of seven years (June 30, 2010 to July 1, 2017). All patients aged over 15 years and hemodialysis for at least 6 months were included in the study. Objective was to determine the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical data of phosphocalcic disorders of chronic hemodialysis patients. Results: The number of patients included was 315. The mean age was 50, 65 ± 13.84 years. There were 49.8% of men and 50.2% of women (sex ratio of 0.99). Mean seniority in hemodialysis patients was 47, 78 ± 32.88 months. There were 58.1% of patients who were originally from Dakar. It was noted that 91.1% dialyzed over a period of 4 hours and 84.8% received 3 sessions per week. The main causative nephropathies were vascular nephropathy (43.8%) and indeterminate nephropathies (20.3%). There were 15.2% bone pain, 10.2% joint pain and 2.86% of spontaneous fracture. The overall prevalence of phosphocalcic disorders was 27.6% for hypocalcaemia, 53.1% for hyperphosphatemia, 48.8% for hyperparathyroidism, 80.2% for vitamin D depletion and 62.2% for high total alkaline phosphatases. Regarding the percentage of patients who were in the KDIGO norms, 66.70% were found for calcemia; 40.20% for phosphatemia; 49.80% for the PTHi; 19.80% for vitamin D 25OH and 37.80% for total alkaline phosphatase. According to KDIGO standards, the average frequency of achievement of these phosphocalcic parameters was respected in 11.10% of patients for calcemia; 8.70% for phosphatemia; 8.80% for the iPTH and 15% for the total alkaline phosphatase. Standard radiography showed 62% bone demineralization and 12.1% vascular calcification. Regarding the types of bone involvement, 39.7% was indeterminate; 30.8% fibrous osteitis; 27.6% without bone involvement; 1.3% dynamic osteopathy; 0.6% osteomalacia. Conclusion: CKD-MBD is common in chronic hemodialysis patients in Senegal. The prevalence of normality of calcemia, phosphatemia and iPTH was 11.75%. In our study, mean hyperparathyroidism was 718 pg/ml thus contributing to the high mortality with 47 deceased patients. These results encourage compliance with KDIGO recommendations. Abbreviations: CKD-MBD: Chronic Kidney Disease Related to Mineral-Bone Disorders; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; iPTH: Intact Parathyroid Hormone; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease
Bilateral Facial Palsy and Tuberculous Otitis Media: Case Report

The purpose of the study is to report a rare case of bilateral tuberculous otitis media complicated by suppurative labyrinthitis and bilateral peripheral facial paralysis in a 74-year-old female patient. The patient had intense otalgia associated with bilateral dense and purulent otorrhea, incapacitating rotational vertigo and peripheral facial paralysis, initially left with progression to the right, House Brackman IV and V respectively, with about 60 days of evolution, being submitted in other services to antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin, without clinical resolution. From additional clinical findings such as chronic cough, chronic suppurative joint injury and recurrent urinary tract infection, we undertook investigation with computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance, biochemistry, serology and BK sputum test, and this last one with positive result on all three samples. Confirming the diagnosis of tuberculosis, which associated with others clinical findings, was defined as tuberculous otitis media, the treatment of the Brazilian protocol was begun. This consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months, and rifampicin and isoniazid for a further 4 months. Corticoid therapy was used for 10 days. There were significant improvements of facial paralysis throughout the first 15 days of treatment, in addition to progressive vestibular compensation with return to daily life activities.
An application of quantitative and qualitative methods in freight mode choice modelling

European policy-makers set specific GHG targets and goals towards a freight transport modal shift away from the road mode towards alternative modes such as rail and inland waterways. Understanding individual mode choice behaviour forms an important component in the discussion on a freight modal shift. The research presents a mixed methods freight study conducted with logistics managers of freight shippers’ companies in the Port of Ghent region. The mixed methods design followed is that of a convergent design with quantitative priority. Quantitative choice modelling techniques are applied to address the impact of transport time, transport cost (tariff), loss and damage, reliability and CO2 emissions. Policy-relevant willingness-to-pay measures such as the value of time, value of reliability, value of loss and damage and value of the environment are derived from MNL and MMNL model results to complement the freight mode choice literature. In addition, the impact of environmental attitudes on freight mode choice is assessed by applying an ICLV model framework. This is the first freight ICLV to account for such underlying environmental attitudes on mode choice. The qualitative thematic analysis is applied to gain in-depth understanding of the company contextual setting in which freight mode choices are made in practice, to gain understanding on the experiences of the respondents in relation to the SP survey and to map perceived barriers and triggers to a regional modal shift. The qualitative analysis resulted in interesting findings which imply to further incorporate the role of production processes and inventory logistics in freight mode choice analysis and freight SP as well as valuable insights to inform the regional policy level. Integration between qualitative and quantitative data takes place at the collection, analysis and interpretation research phases. Findings from the two techniques are used to strengthen or nuance one and another. Also, an ICLV model framework is presented to include qualitative themes into an extended choice model framework.
Insight in Problem Solving

For almost a century researchers have continued to be fascinated with the phenomenon of insight in human problem solving. Many different questions have been raised and answers to them have been sought and proposed. However, the research of the insight problem solving has mainly concentrated on the analysis of the insight problems themselves rather than individuals’ experience solving them. This book analyses insight problem solving process from a different perspective – applying Kurt Lewin’s Field theory it investigates dynamic properties of solving an insight problem by analyzing the changes in the state of tension experienced by the problem solver. This book examines the nature of the experience of insight in problem solving and proposes a theoretical formulation of the intensity of insight. Results of four experiments designed to test the proposed theoretical framework are reported and discussed. This theoretical perspective on the experience of insight should be of interest to scholars of the phenomenon of insight and those interested in application of Kurt Lewin’s theory.
ECOLOGY OF TWO RARE AMPHIBIANS OF THE GULF COASTAL PLAIN

Globally, amphibian species have been in decline and a wide range of factors have been purported to be driving the decline. The Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida has a high degree of endemism and rarity and the biodiversity in the region includes a diverse suite of amphibian species. Degradation of habitat has been considered by many to be a major part of amphibian declines, however amphibian declines are complex and in many cases multiple factors are occurring in concert. My dissertation research examined aspects of habitat ecology and occupancy for two rare amphibians, Florida Bog Frog (Rana okaloosae) (Chapter 1, 2, and 3) and Reticulated Flatwoods Salamander (Ambystoma bishopi) (Chapter 5), that are both restricted to the Northern Gulf Coastal Plain. Further, for R. okaloosae I examined the influence of a sympatric congener, Bronze Frog (R. clamitans clamitans), on microhabitat selection (Chapter 1) and growth of tadpoles (Chapter 4). My overall goal was to be able to elucidate factors that limit the geographic range of R. okaloosae and A. bishopi and to identify habitat characteristics that managers could maintain or create to conserve or increase populations of these species. My first chapter examined the microhabitat relationships between R. okaloosae and R. c. clamitans. Rana okaloosae is endemic to northwestern Florida and is sympatric with R. c. clamitans, a more common and widely distributed congener. Further, the two species appeared to be syntopic, have overlapping breeding seasons, and are known to hybridize. The objectives of this chapter were to assess the microhabitat selection of both species and to assess differences in microhabitat use of males of both species during the breeding season. My modeling of habitat selection and comparison of variables used by each species suggests that males of these species
Clinicians' Publication Output: Self-Report Survey and Bibliometric Analysis

The uncertainties around disease management and control measures have not only motivated clinicians to keep abreast of new evidence available in the scholarly literature, but also to be rigorously engaged in medical research, dissemination and knowledge transfer. We aimed to explore clinicians’ publication output from the Malaysian perspective. A self-report survey and bibliometric analysis was conducted. A total of 201/234 clinicians participated in the survey. Items consisted of demographics, researching habits, publication output and level of importance of journal selection metrics. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Bibliometric analysis using retrieved records from PubMed between 2009 and October 2019 was conducted and co-occurrence and co-authorship analyses were executed. Self-reported publication output was 16.9%. In the logistic regression model, publication output was significantly higher amongst consultants or clinical specialists (aOR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–10.0, p = 0.023); clinicians previously involved in research (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.5–11.4, p = 0.004); clinicians who ever used reference citation managers (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.7, p = 0.010); and journal publication speed (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–7.1, p = 0.019). Most clinicians published original research papers (76.4%) in international journals (78.2%). Published papers were mostly observational studies, genetic, stroke and health services or systems research. In conclusion, socio-demographics, researching habits and journal selection metrics were significantly associated with self-reported publication output. Real outputs from bibliometrics were predominantly focused across five clusters.