Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Segmenting Tourism Markets Based on Demand Growth Patterns: A Longitudinal Profile Analysis Approach

Despite the abundance in methodologies for tourism demand modeling, most methods examine demand growth levels rather than growth patterns. The latter, however, can be of great value for destination management to minimize business risks and for authorities to prescribe effective policies. Meanwhile, describing demand growth as a simplex S-shaped life-cycle curve may oversimplify the heterogeneity in visitor flows. There is thus a need for methods that can identify market segments based on demand growth patterns to enable smart destination management strategies and provide theoretical insights. This article introduces a longitudinal profile analysis via multidimensional scaling (LPAMS) as an effective and easy to implement data-driven segmentation tool. This practitioner-friendly quantitative analytic tool is justified in the theoretical background of embracing complexity in business research, data disaggregation, and modeling interdependence in tourism forecasting. The conceptual and procedural details of LPAMS are explained at a level that is comfortably understood by researchers and practitioners, together with methodological comparisons with conventional methods. A demonstration of LPAMS is presented to identify five typical annual arrivals’ growth patterns of Australia’s 43 main inbound markets over 1991-2016. This study contributes to the methodologies for longitudinal tourism demand analysis and market segmentation techniques.
Household Socioeconomic Status and Health Care Demand for Childhood Fever and Diarrhea in Tanzania

This study uses 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) data to estimate determinants of treatment seeking for childhood illness and the choice of health provider by employing logistic and multinomial probit model, respectively. Our empirical results from Binary logistic regression results show that treatment seeking for childhood illness is significantly related with mother’s occupation, household wealth status, distance to the health facilities, child’s age and place of residence. On the other hand, multinomial probit model results show that the choice of health provider is significantly related with mother’s occupation and access to mass media, household health insurance, household wealth status, and distance to the health facilities. Our results from both logistic and multinomial probit estimations are robust to alternative models’ specifications. In terms of policy implication, this study strongly recommends promotion of health insurance as well as creation of awareness on maternal and reproductive health to mothers. Moreover, the government should enhance, strengthen and ensure that health facilities are constructed close to households’ domicile and that these health facilities are provided with adequate services.
Distribución del ingreso laboral y la pobreza en México durante la pandemia de la Covid-19. Escenarios e impactos potenciales

En este artículo estimamos la magnitud probable de los cambios en la distribución del ingreso, la pobreza y la pobreza extrema del país en las áreas metropolitanas del Valle de México, Guadalajara y Monterrey, así como en la Ciudad de México, de acuerdo con diferentes hipótesis de conducta del ingreso laboral basadas en información disponible hasta el inicio de la pandemia y que consideran los cierres de actividades llamadas no esenciales y el impacto de éstos en ocupaciones específicas. La pandemia apareció en el contexto de un incipiente proceso de aumento en los salarios reales y en el empleo iniciado en 2019; nuestros resultados muestran que el freno en las actividades derivado de la emergencia sanitaria, tanto en México como en el mundo, provocó el aumento de la pobreza y la extrema pobreza, además del crecimiento de la desigualdad medida por el índice de Gini.
Basal Accretion Along the South Central Chilean Margin and Its Relationship to Great Earthquakes

The south central Chilean margin regularly produces many of the world's largest earthquakes and tsunami, including the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule and 1960 Mw 9.5 Valdivia events. In 2017, we acquired seismic reflection data along ~1,000 km of the margin using the R/V Langseth's 15 km long receiver array and 108.2 l (6,600 in3) seismic source to image structures associated with these ruptures. We focus on the Valdivia segment with the largest coseismic slip (~40 m). The outer 40 km of the forearc is an accretionary wedge constructed primarily of stacked sedimentary packages with irregular lengths and thicknesses and little along‐strike continuity. Forearc structures indicate that the accretionary wedge grows primarily through basal accretion of the downgoing trench fill. The décollement propagates along a weak boundary near the top of the trench fill but occasionally branches downward into the underthrust sediment along bedding horizons, peeling off slices that are underplated to the forearc. The shallow décollement level and the rarity of underplating events allow most of the trench sediment to subduct. As a result, only ~30% of the incoming sediment has been accreted since the Early Pliocene. This implies that, on average, ~1 km of sediment must subduct beyond the outer forearc, an inference that is supported by our seismic images. We propose that the thickness and great downdip and along‐strike extent of the underthrust layer, which separates the megathrust from the underlying roughness of the igneous ocean crust, ensures a smooth broad zone of strong coupling that generates the world's largest earthquakes and tsunami.
Population neighborhood density at different scales between grazed and ungrazed communities

It is well recognized that ecological processes are scale-dependent. Despite this recognition, the in ﬂ uence of scale on population density has still not been explored in detail. While the relationship between population density and overall sampling area is well known, understanding how neighborhood density varies with scale is a persistent challenge. Here, neighborhood density refers to the density of individuals occurring within a ring of radius r and width w located at distance r from the typical individual. In this study, we examined the relationship between population neighborhood density and scale. We then compared the results from the O-ring analysis between grazed and ungrazed communities in a temperate steppe ecosystem in China. The primary grazers in this ecosystem are domesticated sheep. Our results show that (1) the relationship between neighborhood density and scale can be well described by the O-ring function; (2) grazing has a substantial impact on neighborhood density and the impact is dependent on spatial scale; speci ﬁ cally, grazing increases the rate of change in neighborhood density across scales and increases plant aggregation at small scales ( < 0.5 m); and (3) the greater aggregation in grazed communities at larger scales can be attributed to habitat heterogeneity, while the greater aggregation at small scales is likely a result of facilitation between individuals. Together, our results demonstrate that understanding neighborhood density across scales is useful for detecting ecological phenomena and for answering important questions in community ecology, while studies without considering scale dependency of neighborhood density will result in spurious or biased conclusions.
Factors Affecting Germ Tube Formation in Candida albicans

s: Pollack, J.H. , W.A. Tatarowicz, and T. Hashimoto. 1984. Endotrophic germ-tube formation in Candida albicans. Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. F 20, p. 296. Tatarowicz, W.A. , and K.D. Thompson. 1984. The viricidal and bactericidal properties of the Pocket Purifier. Abstr. Annu. Meet. Interscience Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Q 74, p. 270. Thompson, K.D. , J.P. O'Keefe, and W.A. Tatarowicz. 1983. In vitro activity of the quinilone WIN 49375 against 198 clinical isolates including aminoglycoside resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Abstr. Annu. Meet. Interscience Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 376, p. 151.
Estrogen receptor β, a potential prognostic and therapeutic marker in urothelial carcinoma, is altered by associating schistosomiasis

Background Advanced muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas (UCs) show high mortality rate. The estrogen pathway has been considered to be a potential target for therapy; estrogen receptor b (ER-b) is the subtype that is mainly expressed in the bladder. In Africa and the Middle East, urinary schistosomiasis is considered as a common risk factor of bladder cancer. It was reported that an estradiol-like molecule was expressed by schistosoma haematobium with antagonistic action to estradiol. To date, no immunohistochemical study has been carried out to assess ER-b expression in schistosomiasis-associated UC cases compared with those not associated with schistosomiasis. Therefore, this study was designed to assess this, in correlation with clinicopathological prognostic parameters.
The effects of prey size on carnivore tooth mark morphologies on bone; the case study of Canis lupus signatus

ABSTRACT Carnivore feeding behaviour is a valuable line of research of increasing value in taphonomic analyses. An interesting component of these studies lies in the differentiation of carnivore activity based on tooth marks left on bone. Among the methodological approaches available, a major protagonist in recent years has been the incorporation of hybrid geometric morphometric studies with artificially intelligent algorithms, reaching over 95% accuracy in some cases. In spite of this recent success, a number of methodological questions are still to be answered for wide scale application of these techniques into other applied fields of science. One of these questions lies in the possible variability induced by prey size on tooth mark morphologies. Here we compile data regarding these effects, using the Iberian wolf as a relevant case study in both contemporary and prehistoric European and North American ecology. The methodology employed opens new questions regarding carnivore tooth marks that should consider the effects of mastication biomechanics. While in most cases prey size is not a significant conditioning factor, caution is advised for future experimentation when considering small prey where some statistical noise may be present. Nevertheless, future experimentation into other carnivore case studies can be considered a valuable research goal.
On the earliest occurrence of Tolypella section Tolypella in the fossil record and the age of major clades in extant Characeae

Abstract The genus Tolypella is considered the basal-most characean genus according to modern molecular phylogenies. Its fossil record, however, provides contradictory evidence since fossil Tolypella section Tolypella has its first fossil occurrence in the Late Cretaceous, about the same time as the first occurrences of other genera of living characeans, i.e. Chara, Lamprothamnium, Nitellopsis and Lychnothamnus which are considered more derived. In this study, the first occurrence of Tolypella sp. aff. T. grambastii subsp. arctica (Tolypella section Tolypella) is now documented from a lacustrine bed, in the Lower Cretaceous of the Garraf Massif (Catalonia, Spain), ca. 125.0 Ma old. This indicates that Tolypella s.s. is indeed a very old genus and that its first fossil record should be extended back at least 55 million years. The first appearance of living Characeae in the fossil record correlates well with the topology of molecular phylogenies. The basal genera Tolypella, Nitella and the ancestors of the extant Chareae represent the first radiation of the characeans during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The oldest representative of the clade of Tolypella in the fossil record, belonging to Tolypella section Rothia, suggests that the divergence of Tolypella is at least of Kimmeridgian age (157.3–152.1 Ma). The splitting of Nitella and the Chareae is dated as Oxfordian in age (163.5–157.3 Ma). The extant representatives of the crown group (Chara, Lamprothamnium, Nitellopsis and Lychnothamnus) thus represent the remnants of the second radiation of the Characeae during the Upper Cretaceous, at least 83.6–72.1 Ma ago.
Efficient Partitioning of Assimilates in Stress-Tolerant Groundnut Genotypes under High-Temperature Stress

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were assessed for pod yield and physiological parameters under heat-stress and non-stress environments. The air temperatures under heat-stress environments were 35 °C and above during flowering, and below 35 °C in non-stress environments. Variability was significant for pod yield and physiological parameters among the genotypes under heat stress. A pod yield reduction of 1.5% to 43.2% was observed under heat-stress environments. However, in heat-tolerant genotypes, either stable or increased pod yield was recorded under high-temperature stress. GJG 31, ICGV 87846, ICGV 03057, ICGV 07038 and GG 20 showed an increase in pod yield by 9.0% to 47.0% at high temperatures, with a 0.65% to 3.6% increase in pod growth rate, while ICGV 06420, ICGV 87128, ICGV 97182, TCGS 1043 and ICGV 03042 are stable for pod yield and recorded a 0.25% to 3.1% increase in pod growth rate. Pod yield, hundred-seed weight, and pod growth rate under heat stress can be used as criteria for selection of heat stress tolerant-genotypes. Based on stress tolerance indices and pod yield performance, ICGVs 07246, 07012, 06039, 06040, 03042, 07038 and 06424 were identified as heat-tolerant genotypes.
Ultra-broadband perfect absorber based on nanoarray of multilayered quadrangular frustum pyramid in the UV-NIR spectrum

A metamaterial perfect absorber working in the ultraviolet-to-near infrared region is proposed. It consists of a periodic nanoarray of quadrangular frustum pyramids with a homogeneous titanium nitride (TiN) film as the ground. Each unit cell of the nanoarray is composed of alternately stacked TiN and dielectric patches with their width tapered linearly from the bottom to the top. The absorption mechanism was qualitatively explained by analyzing the electric and magnetic field distributions at the resonance wavelengths, and the absorption performance was simulated as a function of its geometric parameters and the angle and polarization of incident beam as well. Optimal geometric parameters are presented. With the optimal parameters, the absorption efficiency at normal incidence is above 99.3% over the entire spectral region from 300 to 2500 nm, and a high average absorption of 99.9% is achieved. The ultrabroadband perfect absorption behaviors are attributed to the localized surface plasmonic resonance effect of the pyramid, the intrinsic loss of the TiN material and the coupling of resonance modes between two adjacent pyramids. In addition, the absorber also shows polarization insensitivity and good angular acceptance capability of oblique incidence up to 70°. The unique and compact structure provides a new way for achieving an ultrabroadband solar absorber, showing great application prospects in the fields of solar energy harvesting and the corresponding (thermo-)photovoltaics.
Aerosol and cloud properties in the Namibian region during AEROCLO-sA field campaign: 3MI airborne simulator and sun-photometer measurements

Abstract. We analyse of the airborne measurements of above-cloud aerosols from the AEROCLO-sA field campaign performed in Namibia during August and September 2017. To improve the retrieval of the aerosol and cloud properties, the airborne demonstrator of the Multi-viewing, Multi-channel, Multi-polarization (3MI) satellite instrument, called OSIRIS, was deployed on-board the Safire Falcon 20 aircraft during 10 flights performed over land, over the ocean and along the Namibian coast. The airborne instrument OSIRIS provides observations at high temporal and spatial resolutions for AAC and cloud properties, with well-defined uncertainties. OSIRIS was supplemented with the airborne multi-wavelength sun-photometer PLASMA2. The application of the algorithm developed for the POLDER spaceborne instrument in the visible range to the OSIRIS measurements allowed to characterise the Aerosol Above Cloud (AAC) properties. The variations of the aerosol properties are consistent with the different atmospheric circulation regimes observed during the deployment. Airborne observations typically a show strong Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD, up to 1.2 at 550 nm) of fine mode particles from biomass burning (extinction Angström exponent varying between 1.6 and 2.2), transported above a stratocumulus deck (cloud top around 1 km above mean sea level) with Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) up to 35 at 550 nm. The above-cloud visible AOD retrieved with OSIRIS agrees within 10 % with the PLASMA2 sun-photometer measured in the same environment. The AEROCLO-sA campaign-average Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) obtained by OSIRIS at 550 nm is 0.87. The strong absorption of the biomass burning plumes in the visible is consistent with the observations from the AERONET ground-based sun-photometers. The latter indicate a significant increase of the absorption at 440 nm, showing possible additional presence of absorbing organic species within the smoke plumes. Biomass burning aerosols are also vertically collocated with significant amounts of water content up to the top of the plume around 6 km height. The average AAC Direct Radiative Effect (DRE) calculated from the airborne measurements in the visible range is +85 W m−2 (standard deviation of 26 W m−2) with instantaneous values up to +200 W m−2 during intense events. Combination between water vapour and the strong positive aerosol forcing over the region explains possible feedbacks on cloud development. This new set of data represents a new opportunity to better constrain climate models and to study aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions over the South-East Atlantic region.
Biodiversity and China's new Great Wall

Coastal armouring and the reclamation of intertidal areas through the use of seawalls and other artificial structures has been practiced for thousands of years, but its recent expansion in China and elsewhere in Asia has been unprecedented in its rate and intensity. One result has been the recent loss of nearly two‐thirds of tidal flats in the Yellow Sea, a globally unique ecosystem of high ecological value. The severe effects on biodiversity of the recent large‐scale coastal land claim activities in China are well documented, yet some recent studies have emphasized the ecological opportunities provided by such artificial coastal infrastructure in China, in some cases suggesting that the ecological impacts of coastal infrastructure should be reconsidered due to benefits to some rocky shore species in a changing climate. This is cause for concern because, while studying the “new ecology” arising from coastal modification is useful, broad conclusions around the ecological role or conservation gains from seawall construction without adequate contextualization underplays the ecological consequences of large‐scale coastal land claim, and could potentially undermine efforts to achieve biodiversity conservation. Here, we clarify the characteristics of seawall construction in China and summarize the environmental damage and some broadscale impacts caused by this type of infrastructure expansion on the endangered Yellow Sea tidal flats ecosystem. We also highlight the urgent need for all coastal development plans to consider how coastal wetlands and ecosystem functionality can be maximally retained within the development precinct.
Ultrasound assessment of upper airway dilator muscle contraction during transcutaneous electrical stimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

Background Electrical current can be used to stimulate upper airway dilator muscles to treat obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Ultrasound devices are widely available and may be used to detect contraction of the upper airway dilator muscles assessing the functionality of electrical stimulation (ES) used for this treatment. Methods In a physiological sub-study of a randomised controlled trial, patients with OSA underwent ultrasound examination to assess contraction of the upper airway dilator muscles in response to transcutaneous ES. Ultrasound scans were scored according to the picture quality (poor = ‘0’, acceptable = ‘1’ and good = ‘2’). Tongue base thickness was assessed in mid-sagittal and coronal planes with (D2, A2) and without ES (D1, A1), while awake and seated. The primary outcome was to determine the increase in tongue thickness during ES in both views (D2 – D1 = ΔD), as well as any increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) in the coronal view (A2 – A1 = ΔA). Data were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). Results Fourteen patients [eight male, age 57.5 (9.8) years, body mass index (BMI) 29.5 (2.8) kg/m2] with OSA [Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) 19.5 (10.6) × hour-1] were studied. Quality of the ultrasound scans was acceptable or good with 1.5 (0.5) points. In the mid-sagittal plane, ΔD was +0.17 (0.07) cm in midline and +0.21 (0.09) cm in the widest diameter, a percentual change of 12.2% (4%) and 12.8% (5.2%) (P<0.001, respectively). In the coronal plane, ΔD was +0.17 (0.04) cm, an increase of 12.3% (4.6%) (P<0.001, respectively), ΔA in the CSA increased by +18.9% (3.0%) with stimulation (P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between age and ΔA (r= –0.6, P=0.03), but no significant associations were found with gender, BMI, neck circumference, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), AHI, skin and subcutaneous tissue in the submental area. Conclusions Ultrasound can visualise upper airway dilator muscle contraction during transcutaneous ES in awake patients with OSA. Contraction is best detected in the CSA of the tongue base in the coronal plane.
Sustainability Reporting as a Consequence of Environmental Orientation: A Comparison of Sustainability Reporting by German Emerging Davids and Greening Goliaths

ABSTRACT Various studies investigate the design of corporate sustainability reporting in light of institutional theory. Whereas most of this literature examines the external factors that influence sustainability reporting, few studies focus on the internal drivers of sustainability reporting, especially the role of environmental orientation. This paper attempts to address this research gap by comparing companies with differences regarding environmental orientation. Therefore it distinguishes between companies that prioritise sustainability as business goals (Emerging Davids) and companies that use sustainability goals supplementary to their core business goals (Greening Goliaths). The paper finds differences in the sustainability reporting guidelines used by Emerging Davids and Greening Goliaths. Greening Goliaths are more likely to report according to the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative than Emerging Davids are. Thereby the study leads to the assumption that Greening Goliaths react more strongly to institutional pressures in terms of sustainability reporting than Emerging Davids do. This paper applies institutional theory in the context of environmental orientation and provides first insights into different institutional pressures within this field. While institutional pressures strongly influence the sustainability reporting of Greening Goliaths, they have less impact on the sustainability reporting of Emerging Davids.