Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal and Informal Social Organization: Do Geography, Structural Inequality, and Other Forms of Social Organization Matter?

ABSTRACT Neighborhood social organization is one way that neighborhoods matter for residents, as well as an intervention opportunity for macro practitioners. Neighborhood social organization encapsulates how neighborhoods differentially organize, both formally and informally. We tested whether neighborhood structural inequality, types of social organization, and spatial clustering were associated with both formal and informal neighborhood social organization. Formal and informal social organization were mutually reinforcing. Formal social organization, measured by organizational participation, predicted informal social organization. In multivariate spatial analysis, organizational participation was also influenced by adjacent neighborhoods. Practitioners should consider how adjacent neighborhoods could affect place-based interventions.
AI-Integrated Single Platform to Enhance Personal Wellbeing

At present, an increasingly large percentage of the global population merely adopts an unhealthy lifestyle. Due to this situation, most people are engaged in an unconscious relationship with overweight and obesity, closely linked to the rise of non-communicable diseases. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-driven application to assist those afflicted with these disorders. On the other hand, it also encourages people to use this revolutionary solution by solving some practical problems with existing approaches. Although this seems to be a single solution, it is made up of combining four pieces namely Indirect BMR computation via visual cues, image-based ingredient identification for recipe with calorie intake tracking and supplements for unmet calorie needs, customizable exercise schedule and exercise analysis. All the solution's facets are brought together in a single mobile application based on artificial intelligence-related technologies. MoveNet, Mediapipe, Large language model (LLM), and ML Kit were used to perform the subtasks. The primary tasks were performed using custom-trained algorithms, including the Multiple Linear Regression model, Inception-ResNet-v2 model, and Random Forest algorithm, which were shown to be the most successful. Overall, the outcome of this research provides an all-in-one solution to reduce disease risks and guide people toward healthier lives.
Long Prism“ Crystals Observed in the Precipitation in Antarctica”

Observation and study on the precipitation crystal at Byrd Station, Antarctica, 80°S 120°w, were conducted as a part of glaciological works during the austral winter of 1961. Crystal size of winter precipitation at Byrd was generally very small, mostly of the order of 0.1 mm or less, and could be 1 mm at the most, owing to very low temperature and humidity. The most frequently observed crystal shape was "column" and "plate ". Several times during the winter, some strange-shaped crystals were discovered*. Apparently they were of simple, fine and straight shape (Photos. 1-5). Under the microscope it was found fairly certain that this crystal was a kind of solid hexagonal "column " , though minute details were not fully observed. Two broad black lines at the crystal edges along the long axis and the high-light part between them possibly show three neighboring prism planes, (0110), (1100) and (1010), of this long hexagonal prism which are slanted 120° to each other. The basal planes on both ends of this crystal, appeared to be simply perpendicular to the long axis, so that they may safely be assumed to be (0001) planes of the prism. No visible pattern due to internal or external surface structure, which generally consists of parallel stripes perpendicular to c-axis like those of "sheath" or " skelton " crystal, was observed, while tiny bubbles were occluded
Reduced Fertilization to Improve Sustainable Use of Resources and Preserve Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) in Soil-Bound and Soilless Cultivation

Reducing fertilizer input is a goal for helping greenhouse farming to achieve higher sustainability in the production process while preserving overall crop performance and quality. Wild rocket plants were cultivated in a plastic greenhouse divided into two independent sectors, one for soil-bound (SbS) cultivation and another equipped for soilless (ScS) cultivation systems. In both SbS and ScS, the crop was subjected to treatments consisting of a high- and a low-input fertilization program (HF and LF treatment, respectively). Water use efficiency (WUE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) for nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg for ScS, and N for SbS) were measured. Rocket leaves, separated for the cultivation system and fertilization program and collected at different cuts during the growing cycle, were cold stored at 10 °C until 16 d. On each sampling day (at harvest and during storage), the sensory parameters, respiration rate, dry matter, color, electrolyte leakage, antioxidant activity, total phenols, total chlorophyll and ammonia content were evaluated. In ScS, the PFP for all nutrients supplied as fertilizers showed a significant increase with the LF treatment, with values higher than 30% recorded for N, K, and Ca. As for the postharvest performance, rocket leaves cultivated in ScS showed better qualitative traits than those cultivated in SbS, as suggested by the lower values of ammonia content and electrolyte leakage recorded at the end of storage period in samples grown in ScS. Moreover, in ScS, the data showed lower membrane damage in LF than HF rocket leaves. Finally, regarding total chlorophyll content, even if no effect of each treatment was recorded in SbS, rocket cultivated in ScS showed a better retention of this parameter by applying LF rather than HF treatment. In addition to this, a PLS model (R2 = 0.7) able to predict the cultivation system, using as a variable non-destructively measured total chlorophyll content, was implemented. Low fertilization input, both in SbS and in ScS, allowed satisfying production levels and more sustainable management of nutrients. LF treatment applied to ScS also had in positive effects on the postharvest quality of fresh-cut rocket leaves.
Quantum Switch as a Thermodynamic Resource in the Context of Passive States

In recent years, many works have explored possible advantages of indefinite causal order, with the main focus on its controlled implementation known as quantum switch. In this paper, we tackle advantages in quantum thermodynamics, studying whether quantum switch is capable of activating a passive state, either alone or with extra resources (active control state) and/or operations (measurement of the control system). By disproving the first possibility and confirming the second one, we show that quantum switch is not a thermodynamic resource in the discussed context, though it can facilitate work extraction given external resources. We discuss our findings by considering specific examples: a qubit system subject to rotations around the x and y axes in the Bloch sphere, as well as general unitaries from the U(2) group; and the system as a quantum harmonic oscillator with displacement operators, as well as with a combination of displacement and squeeze operators.
Late Devonian to early Carboniferous arc-related magmatism in the Baolidao arc, Inner Mongolia, China: Significance for southward accretion of the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt

The Central Asian orogenic belt, formed in response to consumption of the Paleo–Asian Ocean, is one of the largest and most complex accretionary collages in the world and was responsible for considerable Phanerozoic juvenile crustal growth in Central Asia. The timing of subduction-accretion processes and closure of the Paleo–Asian Ocean is controversial. The Xilingol complex, composed of deformed quartzofeldspathic rocks and lenticular or quasi-lamellar amphibolites, is located on the northern section of the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt in Inner Mongolia, China. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, and geochronology of an amphibolite and an epidote amphibolite from the complex. The protolith of the amphibolite is a gabbro or gabbroic diorite with a laser-ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb age of 382 ± 4 Ma and uniform eHf(t) values (–1.06 to +1.25). The protolith of the epidote amphibolite is a quartz diorite with a LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 327 ± 5 Ma and uniform positive eHf(t) values (+0.78 to +4.11). The primitive magma of the Devonian gabbroic dike was generated by partial melting of a spinel lherzolite lithospheric mantle that was modified by fluids and melts from subducted slab components. A newly enriched lithospheric mantle is a possible source region for the Devonian mafic rocks. Fractionation of olivine and hornblende played a dominant role in magma differentiation with little or no crustal contamination. Amphibolite-facies metamorphism affected the Devonian gabbroic rocks at 321.6 ± 3.1 Ma, and the quartz diorite underwent epidote amphibolite-facies metamorphism at 279.4 ± 5.3 Ma, based on hornblende 40Ar/39Ar dating. The Devonian to Carboniferous intrusive rocks in the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt likely formed during the collapse of a mature arc at the southern margin of the South Mongolian microcontinent. Combining our results with previous data, we identify an initial phase of postcollisional extension (382–340 Ma) that occurred after earlier compression related to intra-oceanic subduction (484–469 Ma), ridge subduction (440–434 Ma), and arc-continent collision (427–383 Ma). We also constrain increasing extension accompanying extensive collapse of the mature arc (340–309 Ma), northward subduction of the forearc oceanic crust (322–274 Ma) coeval with development of the Hegenshan back-arc basin (354–269 Ma), and final collision (246–228 Ma). The presence of an accretionary belt along the southern margin of the South Mongolian microcontinent reflects the importance of continental growth by accretion of an arc chain during the Late Cambrian–Middle Triassic in the eastern Central Asian orogenic belt.
Enzyme–based Assay for Toxicological Evaluation of Soil Ecosystem Polluted with Spent Engine Oil

Soil enzymatic activities which have a central role in the soil environment are used as attractive bio-indicators for monitoring various impacts on the soil. They bio-transform toxic petroleum products, spent engine oil, hydrocarbons, heavy metals and pesticides into harmless compounds. This study investigated the impact of spent engine oil at various concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5% w/w) overtime based on the activities of soil dehydrogenases and catalase, pH and total microbial counts. The result indicated that while spent engine oil stimulated the activity of soil dehydrogenase significantly (p<0.05) in a concentration and time dependent manner: from 4.72 ± 0.015 mol/min to 9.78 ± 0.040 mol/min that cuts across days-zero to -28 at 1.0 – 3.5% contaminations; the activity of soil catalase was in the same wise inhibited significantly (p<0.05) from 0.195 ± 0.005 mol/min to 0.042 ± 0.002 mol/min. These two enzymes have demonstrated that they could be used in concert as biomarkers of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil ecosystem. The oiled soil was acidic as the pH was significantly reduced from 7.1 ± 0.0 at 1.0% contamination to 6.6 ± 0.0 at 3.5% contamination on day-zero; and from 6.8 ± 0.0 at 1.0% contamination to 6.2 ± 0.0 at 3.5% contamination on day-28. At increased concentrations, 3.5% w/w of contamination, hydrocarbons increased the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, (the hydrocarbonclastics), from 3.26 x10 ± 0.02cfu/g on day-zero to 6.55 x 10 ± 0.04cfu/g on day-28; but on the other hand, induced a limitation on microbial diversity. The concentration of the hydrocarbonclastic bacteria in the spent engine oilcontaminated soil correlated with the enzyme induction and activity. These effects which altered the entire soil biochemistry could disrupt ecosystem dynamics by slowing soil organic matter mineralization and associated nutrient re-mineralization.
From the Oral Cavity to the Spine: Prevalence of Oral Cavity Infections in Patients with Pyogenic Spinal Infection

Background incidence of pyogenic spinal infections has increased in recent years. In addition to treating the spinal infection, optimal care also includes identifying the source of the pyogenic spinal infection and the presence of other infections. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prevalence of oral cavity infection (OCI) within this patient cohort. Methods As part of a prospective study conducted from 2016 to 2021, the number of patients with dental infections was investigated by means of an orthopantomogram (OPG) and subsequent dental examination. Results The presence of an oral infection was investigated in 55 (47%) of 118 patients by an OPG, 29 (53%) of whom had a corresponding abnormality of the oral cavity. In addition to the spinal infection, patients with an oral cavity infection revealed an increased incidence of endocarditis, sepsis and brain abscess. A spinal epidural abscess, a multilevel affection of the infection, and an elevated CRP value were also found in patients with a co-existing oral cavity infection. Back pain assessed at admission and 3 months after surgery was also more pronounced in patients with an oral cavity infection. Neurological deficits were often present in patients with spinal and oral cavity infection. Conclusions The presence of an oral cavity infection has proven to be one of the important factors in the detection of the source of the pyogenic spinal infection. In addition, a pronounced spinal affection and frequent co-infections were seen in patients with an oral cavity infection.
Meanings of hunting in Gorski kotar, Croatia

This study investigated the cultural and social aspects of hunting in the region of Gorski kotar, Croatia, by exploring meanings and perceptions of hunting to hunters and non-hunters. Specifically, it explored attitudes toward hunting, motivations to hunt, and the particular roles of hunting in the social and natural environment. Similar motivations for hunting were identified by both groups but their opinions regarding the relative importance of each motive varied greatly. Three levels of the function of hunting were recognized (i.e., personal benefits, services to local community and services to ecosystem). Hunting was perceived as an inseparable part of wildlife management and received a great level of support from all groups. This study helped to identify the challenges for hunting in Gorski kotar and indicated the potential strategies that can support the continuation of hunting in this region, and with it the benefits it provides the social and natural environment.
Motor imagery in autism: a systematic review

Introduction Motor Imagery (MI) is when an individual imagines performing an action without physically executing that action and is thought to involve similar neural processes used for execution of physical movement. As motor coordination difficulties are common in autistic individuals it is possible that these may affect MI ability. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current knowledge around MI ability in autistic individuals. Methods A systematic search was conducted for articles published before September 2023, following PRISMA guidance. Search engines were PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online Library and PsyArXiv. Inclusion criteria included: (a) Original peer-reviewed and pre-print publications; (b) Autistic and a non-autistic group (c) Implicit or explicit imagery tasks (d) Behavioral, neurophysiological or self-rating measures, (e) Written in the English language. Exclusion criteria were (a) Articles only about MI or autism (b) Articles where the autism data is not presented separately (c) Articles on action observation, recognition or imitation only (d) Review articles. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was conducted. Results Sixteen studies across fourteen articles were included. Tasks were divided into implicit (unconscious) or explicit (conscious) MI. The implicit tasks used either hand (6) or body (4) rotation tasks. Explicit tasks consisted of perspective taking tasks (3), a questionnaire (1) and explicit instructions to imagine performing a movement (2). A MI strategy was apparent for the hand rotation task in autistic children, although may have been more challenging. Evidence was mixed and inconclusive for the remaining task types due to the varied range of different tasks and, measures conducted and design limitations. Further limitations included a sex bias toward males and the hand rotation task only being conducted in children. Discussion There is currently an incomplete understanding of MI ability in autistic individuals. The field would benefit from a battery of fully described implicit and explicit MI tasks, conducted across the same groups of autistic children and adults. Improved knowledge around MI in autistic individuals is important for understanding whether MI techniques may benefit motor coordination in some autistic people.
Ghatippuspaschima, a new species and genus of plexippine jumping spider from the Western Ghats of India (Salticidae, Plexippini, Plexippina)

﻿Abstract We propose a new genus of plexippine jumping spiders from the Western Ghats of India based on the new species Ghatippuspaschimagen. et sp. nov. While it bears a superficial resemblance to Pancorius in body form and Hyllus in membrane-bearing embolus, our UCE phylogenomic data—the first to resolve broad relationships within the Plexippina—as well as morphological features justify its status as a new genus. In addition to the molecular data and morphological descriptions, we provide photographs of living specimens of Ghatippuspaschimagen. et sp. nov. and information on their natural history.
Molecular identification of Haemonchus contortus in sheep from Upper Egypt

Introduction Haemonchus spp. are considered the most important strongylid nematodes with a worldwide distribution. The parasite’s blood-sucking nature can lead to severe anemia in infected animals. Despite its widespread impact, there is a dearth of comprehensive data on morphological and molecular identification methods for Haemonchus spp. in sheep from Upper Egypt. To address this gap, our current study aimed to assess the prevalence of Haemonchus spp. in 400 sheep fecal samples. Methods We employed microscopic examination and molecular techniques, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 18S gene for precise identification. Additionally, the potential risk factors associated with the infection by the parasite in sheep were explored. Results The study pointed out that 33.00% (132 of 400) of the examined sheep were infected with Haemonchus spp. Sheep age and seasonal variability were found to be significant factors (p < 0.05) associated with the infection. Notably, sheep under 2 years old exhibited a higher risk, with an infection rate of 43.75% (84 out of 192), than their older counterparts. Furthermore, all reported infections were exclusively observed during the cold season, constituting 58.93% (132 out of 224) of cases. By contrast, no statistically significant association (p > 0.05) was found between the sex of the examined sheep and the occurrence of haemonchosis. Employing molecular methods, we isolated and identified the parasite through PCR analysis of cultured larvae, which were then subsequently confirmed as Haemonchus contortus via phylogenetic analysis. Discussion The study concluded that there was a relatively high occurrence of H. contortus among sheep from Upper Egypt. We recommend the implementation of stringent and effective control measures to combat the infection and safeguard livestock health.
Comparative Analyses of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Microula sikkimensis and Related Species of Boraginaceae

The present study provides a detailed analysis of the chloroplast genome of Microula sikkimensis. The genome consisted of a total of 149,428 bp and four distinct regions, including a large single-copy region (81,329 bp), a small single-copy region (17,261 bp), and an inverted repeat region (25,419 bp). The genome contained 112 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes, and some exhibited duplication in the inverted repeat region. The chloroplast genome displayed different GC content across regions, with the inverted repeat region exhibiting the highest. Codon usage analysis and the identification of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) offer valuable genetic markers. Comparative analysis with other Boraginaceae species highlighted conservation and diversity in coding and noncoding regions. Phylogenetic analysis placed M. sikkimensis within the Boraginaceae family, revealing its distinct relationship with specific species.
The extended hybrid carrier-based multiple access technology for high mobility scenarios

The hybrid carrier (HC) system rooted in the carrier fusion concept is gradually garnering attention. In this paper, we study the extended hybrid carrier (EHC) multiple access scheme to ensure reliable wireless communication. By employing the EHC modulation, a power layered multiplexing framework is realized, which exhibits enhanced interference suppression capability owing to the more uniform energy distribution design. The implementation method and advantage mechanism are explicated respectively for the uplink and downlink, and the performance analysis under varying channel conditions is provided. In addition, considering the connectivity demand, we explore the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) method of the EHC system and develop the EHC sparse code multiple access scheme. The proposed scheme melds the energy spread superiority of EHC with the access capacity of NOMA, facilitating superior support for massive connectivity in high mobility environments. Simulation results have verified the feasibility and advantages of the proposed scheme. Compared with existing HC multiple access schemes, the proposed scheme exhibits robust bit error rate performance and can better guarantee multiple access performance in complex scenarios of next-generation communications.
Image-based sensor for on-tree automatic color tracking in pomegranate orchards

Harvesting decisions based on crop monitoring are an emerging goal of precision agriculture techniques. In the case of pomegranate (Punica granatum L. ‘Wonderful’), color is a good indicator of fruit ripeness, and fruit ripening stage is used as a quality parameter. In this work, a low-cost autonomous sensor to perform continuous on-tree monitoring of the pomegranate color evolution was developed. The sensor measurement is based on the image captured by an RGB camera. To measure the fruit color, a Deep Learning based instance segmentation model was specifically generated for pomegranates. The model achieved an F1 score of 0.817. Nine sensors were installed in the field on fixed platforms and took measurements continuously for two seasons. The fruit color time curves demonstrated the utility of the proposed sensor to inform about the evolution of the crop ripening. The performance of the sensors was evaluated by comparing on several dates their measurements with those of a colorimeter on fruit samples in the laboratory. The results showed a very high correlation, with a mean R2 of 0.94.