Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Acclimatization of Micropropagated Citrus

Micropropagated plantlets lack mycorrhizal symbionts and therefore present some physiological hindrances when transferred from axenic to ex vitro conditions. The purpose of the present study was to research the effects of Glomus mosseae and G. versiforme on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake of micropropagated citrus plantlets at the acclimatization stage. The two mycorrhizal fungi successfully colonized the roots of citrus plantlets after an acclimatization period of 170 days, and the mycorrhizal developments were apt to low levels. Inoculation with G. mosseae improved acclimatized growth performance; increased photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and stomatal conductance; and stimulated the accumulations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) in leaves and roots compared to the noninoculated treatment. These observations suggested that only G. mosseae was the more efficient fungus, exhibited better adaptation to transplanted conditions, and therefore is appropriate to introduce into the micropropagation protocol of citrus.
Stomatal Development During Leaf Expansion in Tobacco and Sunflower

Changes in stomatal density and size were followed in tobacco and sunflower leaves expanding from 10% of final area (10% Amax) to Amax under different levels of radiation. Lower radiation increased final leaf area, reduced stomatal densities, and increased area per stoma but had little effect on stomatal area per unit leaf area at Amax. In very young leaves (20% Amax) there was a wide range in the sizes of individual stomata, some stomata being close to full size, but by Amax differences were small. The possible relationship between the developmental patterns described and photosynthesis is briefly discussed.
Using Mineral Chemistry to Aid Exploration: A Case Study from the Resolution Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Arizona

The giant, high-grade Resolution porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Superior district of Arizona is hosted in Proterozoic and Paleozoic basement and in an overlying Cretaceous volcaniclastic breccia and sandstone package. Resolution has a central domain of potassic alteration that extends more than 1 km outboard of the ore zone, overlapping with a propylitic halo characterized by epidote, chlorite, and pyrite that is particularly well developed in the Laramide volcaniclastic rocks and Proterozoic dolerite sills. The potassic and propylitic assemblages were overprinted in the upper parts of the deposit by intense phyllic and advanced argillic alteration. The district was disrupted by Tertiary Basin and Range extension, and the fault block containing Resolution and its Cretaceous host succession was buried under thick mid-Miocene dacitic volcanic cover, obscuring the geologic, geophysical, and geochemical footprint of the deposit. To test the potential of propylitic mineral chemistry analyses to aid in the detection of concealed porphyry deposits, a blind test was conducted using a suite of epidote-chlorite ± pyrite-altered Laramide volcaniclastic rocks and Proterozoic dolerites collected from the propylitic halo, with samples taken from two domains located to the north and south and above the Resolution ore zone. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data of epidote provided indications of deposit fertility and proximity. Competition for chalcophile elements (As, Sb, Pb) between coexisting pyrite and epidote grains led to a subdued As-Sb fertility response in epidote, consistent with epidote collected between 0.7 and 1.5 km from the center of a large porphyry deposit. Temperature-sensitive trace elements in chlorite provided coherent spatial zonation patterns, implying a heat source centered at depth between the two sample clusters, and application of chlorite proximitor calculations based on LA-ICP-MS analyses provided a precisely defined drill target in this location in three dimensions. Drilling of this target would have resulted in the discovery of Resolution, confirming that epidote and chlorite mineral chemistry can potentially add value to porphyry exploration under cover.
Response of Transplanted Oilseed Rape to Zinc Placement and Root Pruning

Abstract Transplanted oilseed rape (Brassica napus) appears to be sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency during its recovery after transplanting, suggesting that it has impaired root function and that seedlings would be responsive to placement of Zn fertilizer close to the roots. In a glasshouse study, the response of oilseed rape seedlings to post-transplanting Zn supply and to root pruning was examined. Zinc supply increased shoot dry matter from the first harvest at 10 days after transplanting whereas root pruning had no effect on shoot dry matter at 10 days but depressed it at 20 days and thereafter. The effects of root pruning on the growth response to Zn were additive to those of Zn supply. The lack of Zn uptake between 10 and 20 days after transplanting in oilseed rape with 75% of roots pruned suggests that this may be the critical period for Zn response in the field. By contrast with only 50% or none of the roots pruned, Zn uptake appeared to be unimpaired. In two field experiments, banding of Zn, Zn in irrigation water or root dipping of transplants in ZnO all increased final seed yield by an average of 10%. By contrast broadcasting ZnSO4 at transplanting had no significant effect on seed yield. All Zn fertilization treatments resulted in a large increase (>50%) in shoot dry matter at 10-leaf stage even though plants at that stage contained more than adequate Zn in their young leaves for growth. The strong growth responses to Zn at 10-leaf stage, and the lesser response at seed yield, suggests that oilseed rape experienced only a temporary Zn deficiency after transplanting. In conclusion, post-transplanting impairment of Zn uptake in oilseed rape seedlings was reduced by either placement of Zn fertilizer close to the roots or minimizing root damage during transplanting.
Emotion and syntactic complexity in L2 writing: A corpus-based study on Chinese college-level students’ English writing

This study quantitatively investigates the role of emotion in L2 writing based on corpus analyses using automatized tools. Over two thousand six hundred essays written by Chinese college-level EFL writers were selected from the TECCL corpus (Xue, 2015) and analyzed using both emotionality and syntactic complexity information extracted from the written texts. Regression analysis revealed that while Chinese EFL learners tended to write positively overall, positive writing prompts generally lead to higher emotional scores in their written responses (r = 0.351, p < 0.001). Two clause-level complexity indices have shown an emotional effect, and the highest complexity scores were found when the textual emotion was neutral, while both positive and negative emotions during writing were associated with a lower score in the indices of mean length of clause (MLC) (p < 0.01), and coordinate phrases per clause (CP/C) (p < 0.01). Correlation and dimensionality analyses raise questions about the original grouping method of the fourteen complexity indices proposed by Lu (2010), as the indices from each group did not yield reliable measurements. Overall, the results suggest that emotion may play an important role in syntactic complexity in L2 writing, which should be taken into consideration in language teaching and assessment.
Characteristics of riparian trees and shrubs utilized by the European beaver (Castor fiber) in the Jamy Forest District

Summary. The objective of this study was to identify the characteristic features of trees and shrubs utilized by the European beaver in the Jamy Forest District. A total of 273 trees and shrubs cut down by beavers were analyzed to identify their species, diameter and distance from the watercourse bank. Tree species which were most frequently felled by beavers were the grey alder, black alder and pedunculate oak. At the three monitored sites, beavers showed a preference for trees with a diameter of up to 15.0 cm. Beavers were most likely to utilize trees and shrubs situated at a distance of up to 15.0 m from the watercourse bank.
Evaluation of TEMPO STA for the Enumeration of Coagulase-positive Staphylococci in Cheese

TEMPO STA is based on traditional most probable number technique and is a test for use with the TEMPO system for an automated enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci in 24 h in food products. In this study, TEMPO STA was compared with Baird-Parker (BP) agar which is the most cited medium in reference methods for the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci in cheese. A method comparisons study was conducted both artificially and naturally contaminated cheese samples. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined as 0.875 and 0.897 between the two methods for naturally and artificially contaminated samples, respectively. In general, absolute differences did not exceed one log between results obtained by the two methods. According to intra-laboratory reproducibility standard deviation of two methods, TEMPO STA was more precise than BP agar. The results of this study showed that TEMPO STA is an efficient alternative method for the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci in cheese.
When love becomes hate: how different consumer-brand relationships interact with crises to influence consumers' reactions

A well-accepted proposition in the literature of corporate strategic communication and public relations is that consumer-brand relationships (CBRs) affect corporate crisis communication. However, it is inconclusive whether CBRs protect or work against brands, because both buffering effects and love-becomes-hate effects have been found. This study attempts to explain and bridge the seemingly inconsistent findings by clarifying the effects of different types of CBRs in different brand transgressions. ,Re-conceptualizing CBRs into non-identifying relationships and identifying relationships, this study examined the possible interaction effects of CBRs and crises on consumers' attitudes and emotions, which then influence their behavioral intentions. A three-step multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data collected from an online experiment with nearly 900 consumers of two brands. ,Although non-identifying relationships offer buffering effects, identifying relationships primarily offer love-becomes-hate effects by intensifying negative emotions such as anger and disappointment, which in turn affect consumers' behavioral intentions. Such patterns hold regardless of whether a crisis directly threatens the core meaning of the brand. ,This study clarifies the effects of different types of CBRs in crises and shows that deep psychological connections (i.e. identifying relationships) offer love-becomes-hate effects. It suggests that one promising future research direction for crisis communication and public relations scholars is to examine how to mitigate such love-becomes-hate effects so that brands can keep their loyal consumers.
Vitamin D bring immunological protection in a pandemic response to Gripal viruses? A critical analysis

1Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Dr. Hélio Mandetta Medical School, Federal University of Matogrosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil 2Federal University of Matogrosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil 3Laboratory of Mineral Metabolism and Biomaterials, Dr. Hélio Mandetta Medical School, Federal University of Matogrosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil 4Brazil Foundation, CAPES, Brazil 5Brazilian Hospital Services Company, UFGD, Brazil More Information
Recidivism in Context: A Meta-Analysis of Neighborhood Concentrated Disadvantage and Repeat Offending

This study meta-analytically examined the effect of macro-level concentrated disadvantage on individual-level recidivism. Search results indicated research to date is designed to assess the incremental effect of concentrated disadvantage on recidivism above other risk factors. Using a multilevel random effects model, we found the estimated incremental effect of concentrated disadvantage was nonsignificant (log odds ratio = 0.03, p = .15, k = 48). However, effects varied by recidivism and offense type. Concentrated disadvantage does not add incremental utility when predicting general recidivism, but it does add incremental utility when assessing arrests (especially drug arrests) and violent reconvictions. Although individual-level risk factors and markers seem to explain most of the relationship between concentrated disadvantage and reoffending, concentrated disadvantage should not be summarily dismissed as irrelevant to recidivism. The overrepresentation of disadvantaged neighborhoods among the justice-involved—and the overrepresentation of the justice-involved in disadvantaged neighborhoods—requires further research on the disadvantage–recidivism relationship.
Optogenetics: illuminating the role of PV interneuron dysfunction in the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

Our understanding of the neural substrates underlying the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia remains limited, contributing to a lack of pharmaceuticals effective in treating these deficits. Cognitive impairment is the main source of disability in schizophrenia. Thus, research endeavours involving the identification of therapeutic targets can vastly improve the lives of affected individuals. Compared to previously employed techniques, optogenetics has accelerated such endeavours by allowing for manipulations of neuronal activity to occur with an unprecedented combination of cellular and temporal specificity. Research using this technique has united multiple, once tangentially-related, streams of evidence suggesting dysfunctional fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) containing interneurons are a common substrate underlying the cognitive aberrations documented in schizophrenia. This review summarizes relevant optogenetic studies and identifies areas for future research, using this emerging technique.
Development and transmission of Gyrinicola batrachiensis (Walton, 1929) Adamson, 1981 (Pharyngodonidae: Oxyuroidea)

Individual female Gyrinicola batrachiensis from tadpoles produce thin-shelled larvated eggs and thick-shelled eggs containing embryos in an early stage of cleavage. Larvae in thin-shelled eggs hatched soon after deposition and survived for less than 1 h in aged tap water, pond water, or diluted buffer. Results presented herein show that thin-shelled eggs are autoinfective whereas thick-shelled eggs are transmission agents. Thick-shelled eggs isolated from natural infections in Rana clamitans, Rana pipiens, and Bufo americanus were infective to tadpoles of R. clamitans, R. sylvatica, Pseudacris triseriata, and B. americanus but not to transformed anurans. All worms recovered from tadpoles experimentally infected with eggs from natural infections in B. americanus were females and only 15% of worms examined from tadpoles experimentally infected with eggs from natural infections in R. clamitans were males. Development of G. batrachiensis was studied in experimentally infected R. clamitans held at 20 and 25 °C.
MOTION GRAPHIC ANIMATION VIDEO AS ALTERNATIVE LEARNING MEDIA

Lack of students’ attention and interest to learn influence the learning process within the class. Thus, their learning achievement decreased. This study aims at designing a motion graphic, video animation learning media in Indonesian history subject. This study uses research and development method based on the modified research model developed by Borg and Gall with five stages model namely, needs analysis, media design, product development, evaluation and product trial, and final product. This study reveals that the average pretest score before the implementation of the learning media is 57.60, whereas the average posttest score after the motion graphic, animation video learning media implementation is 79.20. The fitness of the media feedback from the media experts’ score is 88% with very appropriate criteria. In addition, the material expert gives a score of 89% for the media appropriateness with very appropriate criteria, and users’ (students) feedback on the media is 87.9% with very appropriate criteria. It is concluded that the designed motion graphic, animation video learning media for Indonesian history subject positively influences students’ learning achievement and is appropriate to be applied in Indonesian history subject.
Effects of α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene on hepatic lipid peroxidation and blood lipids in rats with dietary iron overload

Abstract The ability of dietary antioxidants to reduce lipid peroxidation induced by iron overload was examined in weanling male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Animals were fed ad libitum a modified AIN‐76A diet (control) or control diet with 0.5% α‐tocopherol acid succinate, 0.5% crystalline trans‐β‐carotene, or 0.5% α‐tocopherol acid succinate + 0.5% trans‐β‐carotene for four weeks. In the following four‐week period, the animals received the above diets with 10,000 μg Fe/g; a control group continued to receive 35 μg Fe/g, and a high‐iron group received 10,000 μg Fe/g with no antioxidants. After four weeks of dietary supplementation with α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene, or α‐tocopherol + β‐carotene, liver concentrations of α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene increased significantly (p < 0.001). Liver lipid peroxidation, measured by the lipid‐conjugated diene assay, increased significantly from 0.012 μmol/mg of lipid in the controls to 0.021 μmol/mg of lipid in animals receiving the high‐iron diet. However, lipid peroxidation was.
Green Ham pH Value Affects Proteomic Profile of Dry-Cured Ham

In the present study we investigated the effect of green ham pH value on the proteomic profile of m. biceps femoris of the 14 month old ‘Kraški pršut’ dry hams. Two groups (n=12) of samples were chosen according to green ham m. semimembranosus pH (i.e. low pH group with values from 5.51 to 5.60 and high pH group with values from 5.80 to 6.18). Two groups of hams were similar with regard to fat thickness and ham weight. The myofibrillar muscle protein fraction was extracted from dry-cured ham m. biceps femoris and separated using 2-dimensional electrophoresis technique. More than 1,000 protein spots were detected on the gels, out of which 100 spots had significantly different intensity according to pH group. Notable clustering of the spots was observed on the gel images. Namely, the protein spots differentiating low and high pH groups were more intense in the acidic part of the gel for the low pH group, and in the basic part for the high pH group. The proteomic approach proved to be a suitable tool to investigate the influence of green ham pH on the pattern of protein degradation. However, further research (protein spot identification, association with sensory properties) is in progress.
Effects of Cooking Conditions on the Protein Quality of Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus

The effects of cooking method (grilling, frying, steaming, and microwaving) on the proximate composition and protein quality of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus treated with 2, 6, and 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) brine were investigated. Moisture content decreased in all cooked samples from 60.22% in the raw sample to 48.7% in the fried samples. Brine (10% NaCl) treatment recorded the highest moisture loss. All cooked samples showed a decrease in fat content, except fried samples. Protein content increased in all cooked samples, from 47.21% in the raw sample to 63.87% in the grilled sample. Brine treatment resulted in the highest degree of fat oxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances), which was highest in the fried samples and lowest in the microwaved samples. The trypsin inhibitor (TI) concentration was highest in the microwaved samples and lowest in the fried samples. In all samples, 6% salt treatment caused the lowest TI level and the highest in vitro protein digestibility. In vitro digestibility increased from 79.4% in the raw sample to 86.43% in the fried samples. The total essential amino acids of all cooked samples increased. Results suggested that grilling and steaming had beneficial effects on the protein quality of chub mackerel.
Molecular diagnostic key for identification of single juveniles of seven common and economically important species of root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.)

A molecular protocol is presented for distinguishing seven of the most common and economically important Meloidogyne spp. DNA was extracted from individual second-stage juvenile (J2) nematodes of Meloidogyne spp. and amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Fifteen PCRs including amplification of rDNA, specific SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) and RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) fragments were possible from the extracted DNA. This enabled a molecular diagnostic key for M. incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, M. mayaguensis, M. hapla, M. chitwoodi and M. fallax to be designed. The key unifies published methods into a single logical schematic using primer combinations that were previously validated and shown to work reliably and specifically. The protocol can be used with single juvenile or adult nematodes and the schematic can readily be expanded to accommodate more species. The use of RAPD amplification to assist with identification of samples which do not yield diagnostic amplification products after the first three steps of the molecular key is also described.
Modeling of Ladle Refining Process Considering Mixing and Chemical Reaction

A ladle furnace (LF) refining process model is proposed considering both steel mixing and multiphase chemical reactions. In the model, the LF, together with the melts, is divided into a finite number of tanks according to the tank‐in‐series model. The tank number is determined by simulations of the model with varied tanks and compared with the empirical mixing time. The “effective equilibrium reaction zone (EERZ)” method is used to describe the kinetics of multiphase reactions. The thermodynamic library—ChemApp—is applied to link the model to thermodynamic database. Steel/slag reaction, lining dissolution, alloy addition, and air absorption are considered. Using the model, an industrial LF treatment process is simulated and the reasonability of the predicted compositions of steel, slag, and inclusions is illustrated by comparing with measurements. The inhomogeneity of the steel and inclusion concentrations in different tanks are shown.
Resposta de vacas leiteiras à substituição parcial de farelo de soja por ureia encapsulada

Avaliou-se a substituicao parcial de farelo de soja na dieta-controle por ureia encapsulada ou por ureia, ambos acrescidos de polpa citrica. Dezoito vacas foram alocadas a uma sequencia de tres tratamentos, em seis quadrados latinos 3x3, com periodos de 21 dias. O teor de proteina bruta nas dietas foi 15,5%, cerca de 1,5% oriundo de nitrogenio nao proteico (NNP). O uso de NNP reduziu o consumo diario de materia seca em 0,8kg (P=0,04), sem influenciar a producao de leite (31,5kg, P=0,98). A conversao do alimento em leite foi menor na dieta-controle (P<0,09). As fontes de NNP aumentaram o teor de N-ureico no plasma (NUP) duas horas apos a alimentacao da manha (P=0,06). A frequencia de NUP acima de 22,0mg/dL foi maior com ureia (P<0,01), similarmente ao observado para o teor e a secrecao diaria de N-ureico no leite (P<0,01). A substituicao de farelo de soja por NNP e polpa citrica melhorou a eficiencia alimentar, sem afetar o balanco de nitrogenio.