Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking of the magnet system geometry during Wendelstein 7-X construction to achieve the designed magnetic field

Wendelstein 7-X, currently under commissioning at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik in Greifswald, Germany, is a modular advanced stellarator, combining the modular coil concept with optimized properties of the plasma. Most of the envisaged magnetic configurations of the machine are rather sensitive to symmetry breaking perturbations which are the consequence of unavoidable manufacturing and assembly tolerances. This overview describes the successive tracking of the Wendelstein 7-X magnet system geometry starting from the manufacturing of the winding packs up to the modelling of the influence of operation loads. The deviations found were used to calculate the resulting error fields and to compare them with the compensation capacity of the trim coils.
Is there a need for fuzzy logic

"Is there a need for fuzzy logic? " is an issue which is associated with a long history of spirited discussions and debates. There are many misconceptions about fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is not fuzzy. Basically, fuzzy logic is a precise logic of imprecision and approximate reasoning. More specifically, fuzzy logic may be viewed as an attempt at formalization/mechanization of two remarkable human capabilities. First, the capability to converse, reason and make rational decisions in an environment of imprecision, uncertainty, incompleteness of information, conflicting information, partiality of truth and partiality of possibility- in short, in an environment of imperfect information. And second, the capability to perform a wide variety of physical and mental tasks without any measurements and any computations (Zadeh 1999, 2001). In fact, one of the principal contributions of fuzzy logic-a contribution which is widely unrecognized-is its high power of precisiation. Fuzzy logic is much more than a logical system. It has many facets. The principal facets are: logical, fuzzy-set-theoretic, epistemic and relational. Most of the practical applications of fuzzy logic are associated with its relational facet. In this paper, fuzzy logic is viewed in a nonstandard perspective. In this perspective, the cornerstones of fuzzy logic-and its principal distinguishing features-are: graduation, granulation, precisiation and the concept of a generalized constraint.
Data-constrained MHD Simulation of a Multi-ribbon Flare Corresponding to a Successful and a Confined Eruption

The formation and eruption mechanisms of multi-ribbon flares are extremely complicated, especially when the flare is associated with homologous eruptions in the same region. In this paper, we investigate such an event, corresponding to a successful eruption and a confined eruption. This is an M7.1 flare, starting at 12:33 UT on 2011 September 24 in active region NOAA 11302. We obtain the coronal magnetic configuration for this region, using a nonlinear force-free field extrapolation based on the photospheric magnetogram at 12:00 UT. Taking this as the initial condition, we perform a data-constrained MHD simulation to study the evolution of the magnetic topology for this region. We analyze the magnetic null points and the 3D squashing degree for this region, indicating the existence of three flux ropes and two spine–fan structures. The model reproduces the rising processes of the two flux ropes, which form two homologous eruptions consistent with the observations as shown in 94 Å: a large-scale successful eruption that is followed by a small-scale confined eruption. By analyzing the magnetic configuration, the Lorentz force, and the decay index, we find that the torus instability plays an important role in driving the successful eruption of the large flux rope. The magnetic reconnection above the medium flux rope changes the direction of the overlying magnetic field, which provides a downward component of the Lorentz force to confine the eruption of the medium flux rope.
Acute Effects of Cannabidiol on Hippocampal BloodFlow in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

Background: Hippocampal hyperperfusion has been observed in people at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR), is implicated in the pathophysiology driving psychosis onset and represents a potential disease-modifying treatment target. Whether cannabidiol (CBD) has ameliorative effects on hippocampal blood flow (rCBF) in CHR patients remains unknown. Methods: Using a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group design, 33 CHR patients were randomised to a single oral 600mg dose of CBD or placebo. Nineteen healthy controls were studied under identical conditions but did not receive any drug. Hippocampal rCBF was measured using Arterial Spin Labelling. We examined differences relating to CHR status (controls vs placebo), effects of CBD in CHR (placebo vs CBD) and linear between-group relationships, such that placebo>CBD>controls or controls>CBD>placebo, using a combination of hypothesis-driven and exploratory wholebrain analyses. Results: Placebo-treated patients had significantly higher hippocampal rCBF bilaterally (all pFWE<.01) compared to controls. There were no suprathreshold voxels in the CBD vs placebo contrast. However, we found a significant linear relationship in the right hippocampus (pFWE=.035) such that rCBF was highest in the placebo group, lowest in controls and intermediate in the CBD group. Exploratory wholebrain results replicated previous findings of hyperperfusion in the hippocampus, striatum and midbrain in CHR patients, and provided novel evidence of increased rCBF in inferior-temporal and lateral-occipital regions in patients under CBD compared to placebo. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that CBD may partially normalise alterations in hippocampal blood flow associated with the CHR state and therefore merits further investigation as a potential novel treatment for this population.
Emissive efficiency enhancement of Alq3 and prospects for plasmon-enhanced organic electroluminescence

We study the photoluminescence of Alq3 on nanotextured silver surfaces to investigate the feasibility of using plasmon enhancement of radiative rates to improve the performance of organic light-emitting diodes. We observe more than 20-fold increases in photoluminescence and separate the contributions of absorption and emissive efficiency increases. With optimized silver coverage, the fraction of excited states created that fluorescence can be made nearly 100 %, an increase of more than 3 times relative to thin films without silver.
Machine Learning-based prediction of Early Neurological Deterioration after Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) after thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cannot be ignored. Our aim is to establish an interpretable machine learning (ML) prediction model for clinical practice.Methods: Patients in this study were enrolled from a prospective, multi-center, web-based registry database. Demographic information, treatment information and laboratory tests were collected. END was defined as an increase of 2 points in total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 24 hours after thrombolysis. Eight ML models were trained in the training set (70%) and the tuned models were evaluated in the test set (30%) by calculating the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 scores. Calibration curves were plotted and brier scores were calculated. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis and web application were developed for interpretation and practice.Results: A total of 1956 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 305 patients (15.6%) experienced END. We used logistic regression to identify six important variables: hemoglobin, white blood cell count, the ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes (LMR), thrombin time, onset to treatment time, and prothrombin time. In the test set, the results showed that the Extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model (AUC 0.754, accuracy 0.722, sensitivity 0.723, specificity 0.720, F1 score 0.451) exhibited relatively good performance. Calibration curves showed good agreement between the predicted and true probabilities of the XGB (brier score=0.016) model. We further developed a web application based on it by entering the values of the variables (https://ce-bit123-ml-app1-13tuat.streamlit.app/). Conclusions: Through the identification of critical features and ML algorithms, we developed a web application to help clinicians identify high-risk of END after thrombolysis in AIS patients more quickly, easily and accurately as well as making timely clinical decisions.
Relationship between Serum Leptin, Lipid Metabolism, HbA1c, and Renal Function in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity and in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Obesity

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia, impaired lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. In addition to the traditional risk factors, recent studies have suggested that adipose tissue-derived hormones such as Leptin play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its related complications. However, the exact mechanism underlying the relationship between serum leptin levels and these comorbidities remains unclear. Methods and Materials: The study included 222 individuals, with 74 having T2DM and obesity, and 74 having T2DM without obesity and 74 control group. Serum levels of leptin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and HbA1c were measured, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was used as a measure of renal function. Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in individuals with T2DM and obesity compared to those without obesity (p<0.05). Additionally, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL were significantly higher in individuals with T2DM and obesity compared to those without obesity (p<0.05). Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL (p<0.01). The GFR was not significant when both groups were compared. Conclusion: Obesity has a negative impact on lipid profile and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients and highlights the significance of considering the effect of obesity on the relationship between leptin and lipid profile in diabetic patients. These findings suggest that targeting obesity and leptin levels may be an effective strategy for improving lipid profile and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
About the integrability of the Rapcsák equation

In (17) A. Rapcsak obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the projective Finsler metrizability in terms of a second order partial differential equations. In this paper we investigate the integrability of the Rapcsak system, consisting of the Rapcsak equations and the homogeneity condition, by using the Spencer version of the Cartan- Kahler theorem. We also consider the extended Rapcsak system, where the first integrability conditions are included. 2010 MSC class: 49N45, 58E30, 53C60, 53C22
An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics

This is a textbook on statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. It begins with the molecular nature of matter and the fact that we want to describe systems containing many (1020) particles. The first part of the book derives the entropy of the classical ideal gas using only classical statistical mechanics and Boltzmann’s analysis of multiple systems. The properties of this entropy are then expressed as postulates of thermodynamics in the second part of the book. From these postulates, the structure of thermodynamics is developed. Special features are systematic methods for deriving thermodynamic identities using Jacobians, the use of Legendre transforms as a basis for thermodynamic potentials, the introduction of Massieu functions to investigate negative temperatures, and an analysis of the consequences of the Nernst postulate. The third part of the book introduces the canonical and grand canonical ensembles, which are shown to facilitate calculations for many models. An explanation of irreversible phenomena that is consistent with time-reversal invariance in a closed system is presented. The fourth part of the book is devoted to quantum statistical mechanics, including black-body radiation, the harmonic solid, Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac statistics, and an introduction to band theory, including metals, insulators, and semiconductors. The final chapter gives a brief introduction to the theory of phase transitions. Throughout the book, there is a strong emphasis on computational methods to make abstract concepts more concrete.
In Vivo CRISPR Gene Editing in Patients with Herpes Stromal Keratitis

In vivo CRISPR gene therapy holds large clinical potential, but the safety and efficacy remain largely unknown. Here, we injected a single dose of HSV-1-targeting CRISPR formulation in the cornea of three patients with severe refractory herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) during corneal transplantation. Our study is an investigated initiated, open-label, single-arm, non-randomized interventional trial at a single center (NCT04560790). We found neither detectable CRISPR-induced off-target cleavages by GUIDE-seq nor systemic adverse events for 18 months on average in all three patients. The HSV-1 remained undetectable during the study. Our preliminary clinical results suggest that in vivo gene editing targeting the HSV-1 genome holds acceptable safety as a potential therapy for HSK.
Application of an Iterative High Order Difference Scheme Along With an Explicit System Solver for Solution of Stream Function-Vorticity Form of Navier–Stokes Equations

This paper describes the general convection-diffusion equation in 2D domain based on a particular fourth order finite difference method. The current fourth-order compact formulation is implemented for the first time, which offers a semi-explicit method of solution for the resulting equations. A nine point finite difference scheme with uniform grid spacing is also put into action for discretization purpose. The proposed numerical model is based on the Navier–Stokes equations in a stream function-vorticity formulation. The fast convergence characteristic can be mentioned as an advantage of this scheme. It combines the enhanced Fournie's fourth order scheme and the expanded fourth order boundary conditions, while offering a semi-explicit formulation. To accomplish this, some coefficients which do not influence the solutions are also omitted from Fournie's formulation. Consequently, very accurate results can be acquired with a relatively coarse mesh in a short time. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed scheme is proved using the benchmark problems of flow in a driven square cavity at medium and relatively high Reynolds numbers, flow over a backward-facing step, and flow in an L-shaped cavity.
Bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma as a diagnostic challenge: a case report

Primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBA), especially the mucinous subtype, is a rare cancer that represents less than 2% of all bladder malignancies. Overlapping histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of PBA with metastatic colonic adenocarcinomas (MCA) make the final diagnosis very hard. We presented a 75-year-old woman presenting with hematuria and severe anaemia in the last two weeks. The abdominal computed tomography scan showed a tumor-sized 2x2 cm right to the bladder dome. The patient underwent partial cystectomy without postoperative complication. The histopathologic and IHC showed mucinous adenocarcinoma and could not distinguish between the PBA from MCA. Investigations to exclude MCA revealed no other primary malignant site and suggested PBA. In conclusion, mucinous PBA requires ruling out any possibility of a metastatic lesion that could arise from other organs. Treatment should be considered an individual approach based on the tumour location and size, the patient´s age, general condition, and comorbidities.
Toxoplasma gondii, HBV, and HCV co‐infection and their correlation with CD4 cells among Iranian HIV‐positive patients

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) infected patients have a higher risk of opportunistic infections (OIs) depending on their immunological status, especially CD4 + cell count. Toxoplasma gondii, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are important OIs among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. However, little is known about co‐infection of these pathogens among HIV‐infected individuals and their correlation with the patient's CD4 + cell count. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the serological and molecular status of T. gondii infection among HIV‐infected individuals who had co‐infection with HBV and HCV infections.
Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms: reduction of the spatial frequency spectrum

Direct recording of Fresnel holograms on a charge-coupled device and their numerical reconstruction is possible if the maximum spatial frequency of the holographic microstructure is adapted to the spatial resolution of the detector array. The maximum spatial frequency is determined by the angle between the interfering waves. For standard CCDs with spatial resolutions of ;100 lines/mm, the angle between ref- erence and object wave is limited to a few degrees. This limits the size of the objects to be recorded or requires a great distance between object and CCD target. A method is described in which the primary object angle is optically reduced so that objects with larger dimensions can be re- corded. The principle is demonstrated for the example of deformation analysis. Two Fresnel holograms, which represent the undeformed and the deformed states of the object, are generated on a CCD target, stored electronically, and the wave fields are reconstructed numerically. The interference phase can be calculated directly from the digital holograms, without generating an interference pattern. As an application of this method, we present the transient deformation field of a plate that is loaded by an impact. © 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Subject terms: digital holography; hologram interferometry; numerical hologram reconstruction; charge-coupled devices.
Importance of telemedicine in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease patients population during admission to emergency departments with COVID-19

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and several governments have planned a national quarantine to control the spread of the virus. Acute psychological effects during hospitalization in frail elderly individuals with special needs, such as patients with dementia, have been little studied. The greatest distress manifested by these kinds of patients was isolation from their families during hospitalization. Thus, structured video call interventions were carried out to family caregivers of patients diagnosed with dementia during their hospitalization in the COVID-19 ward. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess changes in cognitive and behavioral symptoms in both patients and caregivers. All study participants underwent psychological assessments. Specifically, the psychological well-being states of patients and their caregivers were measured at admission (T0) and discharge (T1) using psychometric tests and clinical scales. Each participant received an electronic device to access video calls in addition meetings were scheduled with the psychologist and medical team to keep caregivers updated on the health status of their relatives. A psychological support and cognitive rehabilitation service was also provided. Significant differences were found in all clinical variables of the caregiver group. Results showed a significant relationship in the quality of life score between the patient and caregiver groups. The results of this study has highlighted the importance of maintaining significantly effective relationships during the hospitalization period of patients admitted to COVID wards.
Obesity and incidence of colorectal polyps: a case-controlled study

Background: Previous essays have presented possible concordance between obesity and colorectal polyp development. However, neither for the hypothesis nor for the details general consensus exists. This study aimed to evaluate the association between higher BMI rather than the normal and colorectal polyp presentation and characteristics if any. Methods: Eligible patients based on study criteria who were candidates for total colonoscopy examination enrolled in this case-controlled trial. Controls had normal colonoscopy reports. A positive colonoscopy for any kind of polyp was followed by a histopathological study. Demographic data also was registered, and patients were categorized according to the calculated BMI. Groups were matched by both gender and status of tobacco abuse. Finally, the outcomes of colonoscopy and histopathological studies were compared between groups. Results: A total of 141 and 125 persons investigated, respectively, as patients and controls. Possible effects of gender, tobacco abuse, and cigarette smoking were declined by participants matching. Hence, we found no significant difference between groups regarding the latter variables (P>0.05). Colorectal polyps were found absolutely more in BMI>25 kg/m−2 rather than in lesser values (P<0.001). However, there was no obvious difference in the incidence of colorectal polyps between groups categorized as overweight and obese (P>0.05). Namely, even weighing over could be the risk for colorectal polyp development. Additionally, it was more expected to find neoplastic adenomatous polyp(s) with high-graded dysplasia in BMI>25 kg/m−2 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Even little changes in BMI further than the normal values can independently increase the risk of developing dysplastic adenomatous colorectal polyp(s) significantly.
Phenotypes of a female patient with novel de novo frameshift ARX variant identified by whole-exome sequencing: a case report

Introduction and importance: Variants in the aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene cause a diverse spectrum of phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in male patients. This article describes the role of genetic testing using whole-exome sequencing (WES) in detecting a novel de novo frameshift variant in the ARX gene in a female patient with autism, seizure, and global developmental delay. Case presentation: A 2-year-old girl with frequent seizures, global developmental delay, and autistic features was referred to our hospital. She was the second child of consanguineous non-affected parents. She had a high forehead, mildly prominent ears, and prominent nasal root. A generalized epileptiform discharge was noted in her electroencephalography. Brain MRI revealed corpus callosum agenesis, cerebral atrophy, and a left parafalcine cyst. The WES result showed a likely pathogenic variant identified as a novel de novo deletion in exon 4 of the ARX gene, which creates a frameshift variant. The patient is on dual therapy of antiepilepsy drugs, physiotherapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and oral motor exercises. Clinical discussion: Variants in the ARX gene can result in various phenotypes in males transmitted from asymptomatic carrier females. However, several reports showed that the ARX variants might cause phenotypes in females with milder symptoms than affected males. Conclusion: We report a novel de novo ARX variant in an affected female with a NDD. Our study confirms that the ARX variant might cause remarkable pleiotropy phenotypes in females. Moreover, WES could help to identify the pathogenic variant in NDD patients with diverse phenotypes.