Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Intensive Care

862 www.pccmjournal. org November 2013 • Volume 14 • Number 9 Objectives: To determine the cumulative opioid doses administered to patients with Down syndrome after cardiac surgery and compare them with patients without Down syndrome. Design: Retrospective observational comparative study. Setting: PICU in a university-affiliated freestanding pediatric teaching hospital. Patients: Infants and children who presented to our institution for heart surgery after July 1, 2008, and met the following criteria: 1) no opioid medications for 48 hours prior to surgery, 2) sternotomy approach with primary closure, and 3) no additional operative procedures in the 5 days after surgery. All patients with Down syndrome were included, and patients without Down syndrome with similar age, type of cardiac lesion, and length of surgical procedure were selected in a ~2:1 ratio, blinded to opioid exposure. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Clinical and demographic data were extracted from electronic medical record data. Univariate analyses and multivariate linear regression modeling were performed to determine the influence of Down syndrome, patient characteristics, and clinical covariates on weight-adjusted opioid dose. The differences in median cumulative opioid doses between those with Down syndrome (n = 44) and those without Down syndrome (n = 77) were not significant in the first 24 hours (+0.39 mg/kg [95% CI, –0.45 to +1.39 mg/kg]) or 96 hours (+0.54 mg/kg [95% CI, –0.59 to +2.07 mg/kg]) after surgery. Age, cardiac bypass time, benzodiazepines, and neuromuscular blocking agents were significantly correlated with opioid dose, but Down syndrome, gender, pain score, creatinine, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroid medications were not. Patients with Down syndrome had longer hospital stays; in multivariate analysis, higher opioid exposures in the first 96 hours after surgery and higher peak serum creatinine values correlated with longer hospitalization. Conclusions: This cohort did not provide evidence for opioid resistance in patients with Down syndrome. Younger age, longer cardiac bypass time, exposure to benzodiazepines, and neuromuscular blockade did correlate with increased opioid doses after cardiac surgery. (Pediatr Crit Care Med 2013; 14:862–868)
Real-time observation of non-equilibrium phonon-electron energy and angular momentum flow in laser-heated nickel

Identifying the microscopic nature of non-equilibrium energy transfer mechanisms among electronic, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom is central to understanding ultrafast phenomena such as manipulating magnetism on the femtosecond timescale. Here, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to go beyond the often-used ensemble-averaged view of non-equilibrium dynamics in terms of quasiparticle temperature evolutions. We show for ferromagnetic Ni that the non-equilibrium electron and spin dynamics display pronounced variations with electron momentum, whereas the magnetic exchange interaction remains isotropic. This highlights the influence of lattice-mediated scattering processes and opens a pathway toward unraveling the still elusive microscopic mechanism of spin-lattice angular momentum transfer.
Antibacterial activity of the lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus mojavensis PTCC 1696

Bacillus mojavensis PTCC 1696 (a member of Bacillus subtilis group) has been isolated form Iranian oil field (Masjed-I Soleyman), in order to examine its ability to produce biosurfactant (lipopeptide type) [28]. The present study was designed to characterize the antibacterial activity of the isolated biosurfactant. The antibacterial activity towards several bacteria including clinical isolates and type strains species was examined. For detecting the extent of antibacterial activity, the agar disc diffusion method was used, where the measured diameter of the zone of inhibition was used as an index for determining the antibacterial activity. Among the test microorganisms, the antibacterial activity was highest in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. At concentration as low as 16 μg/ml, the inhibitory effect of the lipopeptide biosurfactant was detectable. The stability of the test biosurfactant also was examined over a wide range of temperatures (40–100C) and pH values (2-11). The stability was further tested using protease and lipase, where the substance showed clear sensitivity towards lipase. The potentiality of this antibacterial agent in clinical applications is of interest and needs to be further recognized.
Measuring the fluxes of suspended sediment, trace elements and nutrients for the City of Atlanta, USA : insights on the global water quality impacts of increasing urbanization

During 2004 and 2005, suspended sediment fluxes from the City of Atlanta amounted to about 150 000 t year -1 ; >94% of the transport occurred in conjunction with stormflow, which also accounted for >65% of the annual discharge; typically, stormflow occurred during ≤20% of the year. Based on annual median chemical concentrations for baseflow and stormflow, the annual fluxes of >75% of trace elements (e.g. Cu, Pb, Zn), major elements (e.g. Fe, Al) and total P were sediment-associated; in turn, >90% of this transport was storm-related. As such, baseflow sediment-associated and all dissolved contributions represent a relatively insignificant portion of the total annual load. An exception is total N, whose sediment-associated fluxes range from 50 to 60%; even so, storm-related transport exceeded 80% of the total.
The influence of simulated visual impairment on distance stereopsis

The intricate interrelationships between visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis depend on an array of factors, incorporating the nature of vision impairment, its manifestation (monocular versus binocular), and the classification of stereopsis test symbols used. The objectives of this study were to methodically dissect these multifaceted interactions by simulating a diverse range of vision loss conditions. Thirty medical students with normal vision were subjected to simulated vision loss through opacification and blurring methodologies. Stereopsis was assessed at a distance using both contour-based and random-dot-based symbols under equal binocular and varied monocular VA conditions. In this study, opacification consistently affected stereopsis more than blurring at equivalent VA reductions. However, this difference was absent in contour-based symbols under binocular vision impairment conditions. Significant differences in stereopsis emerged between monocular and binocular vision within the opacification contour-based groups. These differences were less evident in the opacification and blurring groups using random-dot-based patterns. In terms of symbols, the contour-based test demonstrated superior results to the random-dot-based test, particularly under decreased VA. In sum, the method of VA reduction and the choice of stereogram significantly impact distance stereopsis outcomes. This understanding can guide clinical assessments of stereopsis in individuals with varying visual impairments.
Choroidal Morphology and Photoreceptor Activity Are Related and Affected by Myopia Development

Purpose The choroid is critical for the regulation of eye growth and is involved in the pathogenesis of myopia-associated ocular complications. This study explores the relationship among choroidal biometry, photoreceptor activity, and myopic growth in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with lens-induced myopia. Methods A total of 34 common marmosets aged 92 to 273 days old were included in this study. Axial myopia was induced in 17 marmosets using negative soft contact lenses and 17 marmosets served as untreated controls. Cycloplegic refraction (RE) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were measured using autorefraction and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. Choroidal scans were obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and binarized to calculate subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), and LA/SA. To assess photoreceptor activity, the a-wave of the full-field electroretinogram was measured. Regression models were used to investigate the relationship between outcome measures. Results Eyes induced with axial myopia (RE = −7.14 ± 4.03 diopters [D], VCD = 6.86 ± 0.39 mm) showed significant reductions (4.92–21.24%) in all choroidal parameters (ChT, TCA, LA, SA, CVI, and LA/SA) compared to controls (RE = −1.25 ± 0.60 D, VCD = 6.58 ± 0.26 mm, all P < 0.05), which changed as a function of refraction and vitreous elongation, and were associated with a decrease in the a-wave amplitude. Further, multiple regression showed that a combination of ChT and CVI could well predict RE and VCD. Conclusions This study reports the existence of significant alterations in choroidal morphology in non-human primate eyes induced with myopia. The changes in choroidal anatomy were associated with reduced light-adapted a-wave amplitude. These findings may represent early markers for reduced visual performance and chorioretinal complications known to occur in eyes with large degrees of myopia.
Detection of a gas flaring signature in the AERONET optical properties of aerosols at a tropical station in West Africa

The West African region, with its peculiar climate and atmospheric dynamics, is a prominent source of aerosols. Reliable and long‐term in situ measurements of aerosol properties are not readily available across the region. In this study, Version 2 Level 1.5 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data were used to study the absorption and size distribution properties of aerosols from dominant sources identified by trajectory analysis. The trajectory analysis was used to define four sources of aerosols over a 10 year period. Sorting the AERONET aerosol retrievals by these putative sources, the hypothesis that there exists an optically distinct gas flaring signal was tested. Dominance of each source cluster varies with season: desert‐dust (DD) and biomass burning (BB) aerosols are dominant in months prior to the West African Monsoon (WAM); urban (UB) and gas flaring (GF) aerosol are dominant during the WAM months. BB aerosol, with single scattering albedo (SSA) at 675 nm value of 0.86 ± 0.03 and GF aerosol with SSA (675 nm) value of 0.9 ± 0.07, is the most absorbing of the aerosol categories. The range of Absorption Angstrӧm Exponent (AAE) for DD, BB, UB and GF classes are 1.99 ± 0.35, 1.45 ± 0.26, 1.21 ± 0.38 and 0.98 ± 0.25, respectively, indicating different aerosol composition for each source. The AAE (440–870 nm) and Angstrӧm Exponent (AE) (440–870 nm) relationships further show the spread and overlap of the variation of these optical and microphysical properties, presumably due in part to similarity in the sources of aerosols and in part, due to mixing of air parcels from different sources en route to the measurement site.
Bioorthogonal chemical labeling of endogenous neurotransmitter receptors in living mouse brains

Significance Covalent chemical labeling of proteins without genetic manipulation is now a powerful method for analyzing receptors. However, selective target receptor labeling in brains has not yet been achieved. This study shows that ligand-directed chemistry can be used to selectively tether synthetic probes to target endogenous receptors in living mouse brains. This chemistry has provided unique chemical tools to analyze the dynamic behaviors of endogenous neurotransmitter receptors in live mouse brain, such as degradation-lifetime of the surface-exposed (functionally active) receptors and in-brain pulse–chase analysis. This affords a unique insight, that is re-use/transport of the early-generated AMPARs and their translocation to distinct synapses in the live brain of postnatal mouse. These have never been addressed with existing antibody-based analysis methods.
Effects of Poultry Manure on Some Soil Chemical Properties and Nutrient Bioavailability to Soybean

Organic manures are known to be rich sources of both macro and micro nutrients of the crop. They also help in improving the physical status of the soil. Pot experiments were carried out to determine the effects of poultry manure on some soil chemical properties pH, organic C, available P, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, Na, and Effective Cation Exchange Capacity i.e. ECEC) and dry matter yields, plant heights, concentrations of N, P and K in plant tissues of soybean plants. Five soil samples collected from research farms in Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Odeda, Ayetoro, Ibadan, Ikenne in South Western Nigeria, were used for the screen house pot experiment. Treatments consisted of five rates of poultry manure (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 t ha) and 100 kg ha of NPK 20:10:10 fertilizer as basal application. The pot experiments were conducted at the Research Farm of FUNAAB. Experimental design was Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with three replicate. Soybean (TGx 1448-2E) was grown for three consecutive cycles of seven weeks per cycle and both soil and plant samples were collected and analysed. Application of Original Research Article Soremi et al.; JAERI, 11(3): 1-10, 2017; Article no.JAERI. 32419 2 poultry manure significantly increased organic carbon, exchangeable bases and effective cation exchange capacity in the soils, concentrations of N, P and K in plant tissue. The study concluded that application of poultry manure increased available nutrients, increased nutrient uptake and improved dry matter yield in soybean.
Conservation Values Of Local Wisdom Traditional Ceremony Rambu Solo Toraja’s Tribe South Sulawesi As Efforts The Establishment Of Character Education

Rambu Solo traditional ceremonies of Toraja South Sulawesi is a wisdom which contains a lot of value as a handle and the views of community life in the Toraja. This study aims to explore and assess the information about the preservation of the values of local wisdom ceremonies Rambu Solo in efforts to establish character education. This research approach is qualitative using method of ethnographic study. Data collection techniques and information conducted through interviews observation and documentation study. The findings of this study were (1) the traditional ceremony Rambu Solo is the embodiment of the system of public trust which has universal values which can support the national culture, (2) ceremonial customs Rambu Solo has a close relationship with the formation of character education because in the execution of traditional ceremonies Rambu Solo create a sense of togetherness and caring for others communities, (3) in traditional ceremonies Rambu Solo there are many values that become adhesive for the people Toraja. Implementation of ceremonies Rambu Solo must continue to be preserved. The progress of a nation can not be separated from the role of the generation at all levels of layers and elements of society
Respiratory virus coinfections during the COVID-19 pandemic: epidemiologic analysis and clinical outcomes from the Phase 2/3 molnupiravir trial (MOVe-OUT)

ABSTRACT This exploratory post hoc analysis assessed the incidence of respiratory viral coinfections and their impact on clinical outcomes in non-hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) treated with molnupiravir versus placebo for 5 days in the Phase 2/3 MOVe-OUT trial (NCT04575597), which took place in October 2020 to January 2021 (Phase 2, n = 302) and May 2021 to October 2021 (Phase 3, n = 1,433). Among 1,735 total randomized participants, 1,674 had a baseline respiratory pathogen panel (NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel for the Luminex MAGPIX instrument) performed and 69 (4.1%) were coinfected with at least one additional respiratory viral pathogen. Human rhinovirus/enterovirus (39/69, 56.5%) was the most common coinfection detected at baseline. In the modified intention-to-treat population, two participants with coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses were hospitalized and received respiratory interventions through Day 29, and none died; one participant in the molnupiravir group was coinfected with human rhinovirus/enterovirus, and one participant in the placebo group was coinfected with human metapneumovirus. Hospitalization or death occurred in 6.2% and 9.0% of non-coinfected participants in the molnupiravir versus placebo group, respectively, and over 90% did not require respiratory interventions. Most coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses detected at baseline were not detected at the end of therapy in both the molnupiravir and placebo groups. In summary, participants coinfected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory RNA virus were not more likely to be hospitalized or die, or require respiratory interventions, compared to participants who were not coinfected with another respiratory RNA virus at baseline in both groups. IMPORTANCE Respiratory viral coinfections are known to occur with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In a cohort of non-hospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 treated with molnupiravir versus placebo in the MOVe-OUT trial during October 2020 to October 2021, 4.1% of participants had a documented viral coinfection; human rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common pathogen detected with the NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel assay. Participants who had a coinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory RNA virus were not more likely to have worse clinical outcomes compared to those participants without a viral coinfection, and many coinfecting respiratory RNA viruses were no longer detected at the end of the 5-day treatment period in both groups.
Scaling laws for the inner structure of the radiation belts

Accurately modeling the evolution of the electron radiation belts within the plasmasphere represents both an imperative goal for space weather forecasting and a great challenge. Combining previously developed approximate analytical expressions of electron lifetimes with recent statistical models of plasma density, ULF, whistler‐mode, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, we demonstrate that geomagnetic activity and plasma density actually govern the inner structure of the radiation belts through several simple analytical scaling laws when Kp < 3. Many of the observed characteristic features of electron fluxes in the energy versus L shell parameter space are straightforwardly explained. In particular, the upper energy limit of significant electron fluxes at L = 1.5 is estimated as ∼1 MeV in agreement with recent satellite observations. This approximate analytical model represents a very simple and powerful tool for exploring and better understanding the complex variations of the inner structure of the radiation belts with geomagnetic activity during relatively quiet times.
Depression, anxiety and brain volume after hearing loss and tinnitus: cohort study in the UK Biobank

Background Hearing loss and tinnitus have been proposed as potential indicators of impaired mental health and brain morphological changes. Aims To assess the associations of hearing loss and tinnitus with the risk of depression and anxiety and with brain volume. Method We conducted a community-based cohort study including 129 610 participants aged 40−69 years at recruitment to the UK Biobank with a follow-up period during 2006–2021 to estimate the risk of depression and anxiety after detection of hearing loss and reported tinnitus. We also assessed the associations of hearing loss and tinnitus with brain volume in a subsample with available brain magnetic resonance imaging data (N = 5222). Results We observed an increased risk of depression among individuals with hearing loss (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26), tinnitus (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.21–1.41) or both (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15–1.52), compared with individuals with neither hearing loss nor tinnitus. Similar results were noted for anxiety (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07–1.30 for hearing loss; HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.22–1.43 for tinnitus; and HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.30–1.68 for both). Hearing loss was associated with decreased overall brain volume as well as decreased volume of different brain regions. The latter associations disappeared after adjustment for whole intracranial volume. Tinnitus was associated with greater left accumbens and right occipital pole volume after adjustment for the whole intracranial volume. Conclusions Individuals with tinnitus are at increased risk of depression and anxiety. Hearing loss, on the other hand, is associated with both mood disorders and altered brain morphology.
The Correlation among Vegetation Distribution,Land Use Type and Soil Character in Yellow River Delta

Yellow River Delta is the retired land formed from the river-sea interaction,the soil formed shortly,and the vegetation evolves frequently,the whole ecosystem is vulnerable,too.In Yellow River Delta,the vegetation evolution process is also the acclimatization and reclamation process of vegetation on environment.The adaptability of plants to salt and shallow water table decides the vegetation if the plants can live in such an environment condition.We analyzed the effect of vegetation and land use type on soil characters,so that we can open out the rule of soil variability through the ecosystem evolution,and the correlative connection between soil and vegetation in Yellow River Delta.The result showed that,the texture of soil and the contents of salt,organic materials,and N,P changed regularly under the different vegetation types,which showed that the land use is restricted by the soil characters,on the contrary,the land use types affected the soil characters,too.
Assessing the Nepalese health system’s readiness to manage gender-based violence and deliver psychosocial counselling

Abstract Violence against women (VAW), particularly intimate partner violence (IPV) or domestic violence, is a major public health issue, garnering more attention globally post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown. Health providers often represent the first point of contact for IPV victims. Thus, health systems and health providers must be equipped to address survivors’ physical, sexual and mental health care needs. However, there is a notable lack of evidence regarding such readiness in Nepal. This study, utilizing a concurrent triangulation design, evaluated the readiness of public health facilities in Nepal’s Madhesh Province in managing VAW, focusing on providers’ motivation to offer psychosocial counselling to survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted across 11 hospitals and 17 primary health care centres, where 46 health care providers were interviewed in February–April 2022. The study employed the World Health Organization’s tools for policy readiness and the Physician Readiness to Manage IPV Survey for data collection. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected via face-to-face interviews and analysed using descriptive and content analysis, respectively. Only around 28% of health facilities had trained their staff in the management of VAW. Two out of 11 hospitals had a psychiatrist, and a psychosocial counsellor was available in four hospitals and two out of 17 primary health care centres. Two-thirds of all health facilities had designated rooms for physical examinations, but only a minority had separate rooms for counselling. Though a few health facilities had guidelines for violence management, the implementation of these guidelines and the referral networks were notably weak. Hospitals with one-stop crisis management centres demonstrated readiness in VAW management. Health providers acknowledged the burden of IPV or domestic violence and expressed motivation to deliver psychosocial counselling, but many had limited knowledge. This barrier can only be resolved through appropriate training and investment in violence management skills at all tiers of the health system.