Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salmonella in the Pork Production Chain

There is currently an explosion of research activity on food safety, including Salmonella contamination of pork and pork products. Salmonellosis is considered to be one of the most common foodborne illnesses in humans, with worldwide distribution and increased incidence in the United States during the last years (CDC,2000). Reasons for this include; increased public awareness of microbiological hazards of food, widespread distribution of virulent serotypes such as Salmonella typhimurium DT104, improved monitoring, increasing consumption of foods of animal origin, changes in consumer eating habits, and increased number of highly susceptible people (with impaired immune system).
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF INVESTING IN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE & EDUCATION

This study combines a wide range of demographic and socio-economic data to identify the individual and societal benefits of investing in Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in Jordan. Combining several different local data sets, we estimate that providing children with continuous ECCE access between ages 3 and 5 will increase average educational attainment by 0.7 years, increase life-time earnings by US$ 23,113 and increase average life expectancy by approximately one year. Under very conservative assumptions, these total societal benefits exceed the estimated cost of providing these services by a factor of 9:1 or higher, with additional consumption tax revenues of US$ 1.7 for every dollar invested in ECCE, and an additional 30,000 mostly female jobs created in the ECCE sector.
The Role and Impact of China’s Trade Internationalization: A Paradigm Shift in the World Economy

In the present era, China has instigated a soft power image to dominate the world (by sweeping the world trade and markets) in contrast to the United States of America (USA) and European Union hard power strategy. This study presents and reviews the growth in China’s trade in the context of the global economy. On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that China has caused a paradigm shift in the global economy through its trade-centered policies. Its dominance is largely attributed to the encouragement of local investors and promoting trade and products through a policy of minimizing barriers to openness. It is also observed that China’s economy has been more stable in the recessionary times and has strong correlation with total world trade import and export volume.
Incorporating Hijaiyah Sounds in English Pronunciation Class: Students’ Perception

Indonesian students still find it perplexing to acquire English pronunciation as both Bahasa as their mother tongue and English do not share equivalent phonological and phonetic systems. Meanwhile, Arabic (in this case is their Hijaiyah sounds) is proven to share some phonological resemblance to some English sounds. Therefore, it is the aim of the study to investigate the student perception of the implementation of Hjaiyah sounds in their English pronunciation class. The study employed a descriptive research design as the approach. The participants of the study were 36 students of the English Study Program in the academic year of 2019/2020. These participants were third-semester students undertaking their Intermediate Speaking class. Questionnaire and interview guide were utilized as data instruments. In collecting the data, some procedures including distributing the questionnaire and conducting the interview were carried out. In data analysis, the data from the survey were transformed into a percentage to obtain a more general image of the data description. The data from the interview were also transcribed. Finally, the findings were examined and discussed using both narrative and numerical description. As a result, this study has confirmed that the implementation of Hijaiyah sounds in teaching English pronunciation is perceived positively by the students.
Adsorption Studies of Silica Adsorbent Using Rice Husk as a Base Material for Metal Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of metal ions removal from aqueous solution using silica adsorbent. Silica was extracted from rice husk using sol-gel method. The silica was modified with 1.0 M of nitric acid. Using batch adsorption technique, the effects of temperature, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on adsorption process of Cu (II), Zn (II), Mn (II) and Pb (II) ions were studied using standard solutions of their salts. Percentage removal of the metals ions studied decreased as the temperature was varied between 28°C and 43°C. Percentage removal of metal ions studied showed an increase at different pH varying from 4 to 8 and decreased after the pH 8. The variation of contact time between 2 and 8 hours showed a sharp increase in metals removal from 2 to 6 hours but a slow increase after 6 hours. The percentage removal of metal ions increase as the adsorbent dosage increased between 0.5 g and 2.0 g. The maximum percentage removal of metal ions was found to be 99.48%. The general observed trend of efficiency being Cu>Pb>Zn>Mn. The experimental data was also tested using adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir and Freundlich and Langmuir model was found to be the best fit for the data.
Arriving at the correct taxonomy: a comment on “A new and highly divergent mitochondrial lineage in the Small Five-toed Jerboa, Scarturus elater, from Iran”

We reanalyzed 657 base pairs of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) sequences of the Small Five-toed jerboas Scarturus from Iran, which had been published as Allactaga by Mohammadi et al. (2016) in the Zoology in the Middle East. We show that taxonomic names are available for the three main clusters they recognized: S. hotsoni, S. elater, and S. toussi. The last two species each contained two lineages, both in our analysis as well in those published earlier. We recommend the taxonomic identification of specimens in molecular analyses and call for deposition of voucher material in responsible public collections.
Study of ER, PR and VEGF Expression in Endometrial Epithelial Neoplasms and its Correlation with Histological Stage and Grade of Endometrial Carcinoma

Introduction: Exogenous or endogenous estrogen induces hyperplastic endometrium which presents with abnormal uterine bleeding. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia is the precursor for endometrial carcinoma. In case of invasive carcinoma, Rstrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) expressions are commonly diminished but their expressions are generally increased in high grade and high stage endometrial carcinomas. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a crucial promoter of angiogenesis in endometrial carcinogenesis, is associated with poor prognosis. This study is needed for assessment of biological behaviour of endometrial epithelial neoplasms and application of targeted antiangiogenic therapy. Aim: 1. Immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, and VEGF in normal endometrium, hyperplastic endometrium and endometrial carcinoma. 2. Association of the changes in immunohistochemical expression with grade and stage of endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional, non interventional, retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology along with Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of N R S Medical College, Kolkata, from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019 comprising of 51 cases. In the present study, histopathological diagnosis was made for each endometrial lesion with grading and staging of endometrial carcinoma followed by immunohistochemical evaluation, performed on the representative sections using monoclonal antibody. Chi-square test and Z-test were used to observe the association of different study variables and to see the significant difference between two proportions. The p value of<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 51endometrial samples, eight cases had proliferative endometrium, 14 cases had endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, five cases had atypical endometrial hyperplasia and 24 cases had endometrial carcinoma. ER and PR expression was seen less in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma than in benign proliferative endometrium and there was statistically significant association present between PR expression and histopathological diagnosis. All cases of grade-1 endometrial carcinoma showed ER and PR positivity and decreasing expression in higher grades-2 and 3, but were not statistically significant. Expression of VEGF in the groups of endometrial carcinoma (91.7%) and atypical hyperplasia (80%) was significantly increased in comparison with the groups of normal proliferative endometrium (37.5%) showing a significant statistical association. VEGF expression had no statistical association with grade and stage of endometrial carcinoma. Conclusion: ER, PR and VEGF were effectively associated with prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Loci and Genetic Diversity in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Cassava is an economically important crop in Thailand. ‘Hanatee’, a Thai variety of cassava, was used to develop microsatellite markers from an enriched-genomic DNA library using (GAT)8, (GGA)8, and (AAAC)6 oligonucleotide repeats. Thirty-two primer pairs were developed and used to evaluate 40 M. esculenta Crantz samples originating from 15 countries. Nine polymorphic loci were identified with 2-9 alleles per locus and 0.0476–0.8179 polymorphic information content (PIC). The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and the expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.0500 to 0.8500 and 0.0488 to 0.8356, respectively. Four loci showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and two pairs of loci revealed significant linkage disequilibrium (LD). Cross-species amplification was tested with four different Manihot sp. and one subspecies. All nine polymorphic primers were able to amplify DNA of these samples with the number of alleles ranging from one to four. The polymorphic SSR markers could be useful for accessing genetic diversity, including transferability, as well as for cassava breeding.
Semen quality characteristics of White Pekin, Kuttanad (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) and Muscovy (Cairina moschata momelanotus) drakes

An experiment was conducted in drakes of Kuttanad, White Pekin and Muscovy breeds to study the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of semen quality. Manual massage method was used for the collection of semen. There was no significant difference in the semen volume between the breeds and also between the drakes within breeds. Majority of the semen samples were white and the appearance score was similar in the 3 breeds. Semen pH was slightly alkaline in all the breeds. The density of spermatozoa differed significantly between the breeds with a significantly lower value in Muscovy drakes. The percentage of live, dead, normal and abnormal sperms did not differ significantly between breeds and also between drakes of the same breed. Methylene blue reduction time (MBRT) was higher in Muscovy when compared to White Pekin and Kuttanad. But, MBRT showed no significant difference when estimated using 2 different extenders, viz. lake poultry semen extender (LPSE) and Beltsville poultry semen extender (BPSE) in White Pekin and Muscovy. The spermatozoa of the 3 breeds were able to withstand heat shock for 10 min and cold shock for up to 1 h.
Effects of transient immunosuppression on adeno associated virus- mediated, liver-directed gene transfer in rhesus macaques and implications for human gene therapy Running Title: Immunosuppression in AAV8-hFIX treated macaques

Avigen Inc., 1301 Harbor Bay Pkwy, Alameda, CA 94502 Present Address: Bayer HealthCare LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710 Present Address: Benitec, Inc., 2375 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043 Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3516 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 Charles River Laboratories, Sierra Division, Sparks, NV 89431 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. III. Fergusobia from flower bud and stigma galls on Eucalyptus, with descriptions of four new species

Four new species of Fergusobia from flower bud galls and a stigma gall on Eucalyptus spp. in Australia are described. Fer- gusobia eugenioidae Davies n. sp. is characterised by having an arcuate, open C or C-shaped parthenogenetic female witha conoid tail, an arcuate to open C-shaped infective female with a hooked tail region and a broadly rounded tail tip, andarcuate or open C-shaped males with angular spicules and short bursa. Fergusobia fasciculosae Davies n. sp. is character-ised by the combination of an arcuate parthenogenetic female with a short, broadly conoid tail, an open C-shaped infectivefemale with a hemispherical tail tip, and J-shaped males with angular spicules and short peloderan bursa. This is the first Fergusobia/Fergusonina association to be described from flower stigma galls. Fergusobia juliae Davies n. sp. is character-ised by the combination of an arcuate to C-shaped parthenogenetic female with a short, broadly conoid tail, a J-shaped in-fective female with a hooked tail region, a cuticular plate around the vulva, and a broadly rounded tail tip, and J-shapedmales with angular spicules and short peloderan bursa. Fergusobia morrisae Davies n. sp. has a C-shaped parthenogeneticfemale with a narrowly conoid tail, an arcuate or J-shaped infective female with most curvature behind the vulva and a shorttail with an almost hemispherical tip, and arcuate or J-shaped males with strongly sclerotised, angular spicules and a longpeloderan bursa. Other known similar forms of Fergusobia/Fergusonina flower bud galls from Eucalyptus spp. are outlinedand the larval shield morphology of their associated mutualistic fly species is discussed where known. An inventory of allknown Fergusobia/Fergusonina associations from flower bud galls from Eucalyptus spp. is presented. Molecular analysisof Fergusobia nematodes was inferred from DNA sequencing of 28S rDNA D2/D3 domains and a portion of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI). Possible evolutionary relationships are discussed.
Alterações morfológicas foliares em cultivares de cana-de-açúcar em resposta à deficiência hídrica = Leaf morphological changes in sugarcane cultivars in response to water deficit

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as respostas de variaveis morfologicas de quatro cultivares comerciais de cana-de-acucar (SP81-3250, SP83-2847, RB855453 e RB72454), sob dois regimes hidricos, e distingui-las entre tolerantes e susceptiveis. Aos 84 dias apos a emergencia, as plantas foram submetidas aos tratamentos hidricos, sem deficiencia e com deficiencia, e avaliadas em tres epocas, zero, 28 e 56 dias, apos a implantacao desses tratamentos (DAT). As cultivares SP81-3250 e SP83-2847, quando submetidas a deficiencia hidrica por periodo prolongado no inicio do desenvolvimento, apresentam maior largura de folhas, menor dano ao numero de folhas verdes e area foliar; aumento na densidade estomatica nas superficies adaxial e abaxial foliares, e maior producao de massa de materia seca, sendo assim consideradas tolerantes. O comprimento da folha +3 nao permitiu caracterizar as variedades quanto a tolerância a deficiencia hidrica.
Are black flies of the subgenus Wilhelmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) multiple species or a single geographical generalist? Insights from the macrogenome

Organisms with vast distributions often represent geographical mosaics of cryptic species. The black fly Simulium (Wilhelmia) lineatum is among the most widely distributed members of the family Simuliidae, ranging from the British Isles to eastern China. Rather than viewing S. lineatum as a possible aggregate of multiple species, taxonomists have suggested a more inclusive taxon with additional synonyms. Accordingly, S. lineatum is an ideal candidate for testing the hypothesis that a wide geographical distribution signals the presence of more than one species. A cytogenetic approach was used to probe the macrogenome of S. lineatum and other taxa proposed by taxonomists as conspecific. The banding patterns in the polytene chromosomes of 480 larvae from 15 countries across the Palearctic Region revealed 128 rearrangements of the complement. All rearrangements were autosomal and 89% were inversions nonrandomly distributed among species and among chromosome arms. The analyses clarify long-standing confusion over previously proposed names and reveal a longitudinal succession of four species sequentially replacing one another from west to east: Simulium lineatum s.s. , Simulium balcanicum, Simulium turgaicum, and Simulium takahasii. Thus, S. turgaicum is recalled from synonymy and the other three species are validated. Within the most-represented species, S. balcanicum, the frequency of inversions follows a longitudinal gradient with a north–south bias; as the distance between the sites increases along this north-west–south-east axis, the similarity of inversion frequencies between sites decreases. Validation of the concept that broadly distributed black flies are composites of structurally similar species provides a framework for guiding discovery of additional biodiversity. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 114, 163–183.
Setting the Agenda: The World Bank and International Labour Organisation’s Battle to Shape Global Pension Policy

Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, the World Bank and the International Labour Organisation (ILO) competed to shape the global pension reform agenda. Inspired by the privatisation of Chile’s pension system in 1981 and its spread across Latin America, the World Bank promoted a partial privatisation of public pension systems across the globe. It was vehemently opposed by the ILO. The World Bank was able to use its lending capacity as leverage into the pension reform debates of the countries of Central Eastern Europe during their transition to market-based capitalism. It supplanted the ILO as the dominant international organisation in the pension reform arena as most countries in the region adopted the World Bank’s preferred pension model. However, at the onset of the of the global economic crisis, the trend went into reverse. Most countries in Latin American and Central and Eastern Europe either scaled back on their privatisation or completely abandoned it. This thesis investigates the impact of these reversals on global pension policy. It draws on an analysis of 104 pension documents and 25 elite interviews from senior policy makers in the World Bank, ILO and Central and Eastern Europe to analyse global pension policy. It deploys an Agency, Structure, Institutions, Discourse (ASID) framework to explore the process of pension reform and counter-reform in Central and Eastern Europe, the development of the pension policies of the ILO and World Bank, and the relationship between them. The thesis tells the story of how the ILO has managed to reassert itself in the global debate and international agenda-setting process through the promotion of its flagship national social protection floors. It now works much more closely with the World Bank, which abandoned its pension privatisation campaign and works closely with the ILO to extend pensions coverage.
Flight distance in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and fallow deer Dama dama as related to hunting and other factors

Flight distances in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and fallow deer Dama dama with respect to a human observer on foot were measured in four nature reserves in the Netherlands: two dune reserves in the western part (the Amsterdam Water Supply Dunes (AWD) and Kennemerduinen (KD)) and two forested areas in the eastern part of the country (Hoge Veluwe (HV) and Kootwijk (KO)). In the four areas there is a gradient in hunting pressure from almost none in the AWD, via an increase in KD, to KO and HV. Fallow deer occur in both of the dune reserves and are not hunted. Of all the factors studied, hunting regime and habitat structure were most strongly related to flight distance. Although the number of individuals per group and most weather conditions also showed some relation to flight distances, their influence was relatively unimportant compared to that of hunting regime and habitat structure. When walking down wind, deer (both roe and fallow deer) flee at longer distances (64.7 ± 5.8 m) than when walking upwind (41.7 ± 3.3 m) or in calm wind (44.2 ±1.8 m). In the roe deer population of the AWD, flight distances were the shortest among all the studied areas. In both of the dune areas, the flight distances in dense vegetation structures were shorter than in open field. Fallow deer flight distances did not differ between the dune reserves AWD and KD.
Number of Lianas per Tree and Number of Trees Climbed by Lianas at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico 1

In the tropical rainforest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, lianas (woody‐climbing plants) had a clumped distribution on trees, and 63.3 percent of trees ≥10 cm in diameter carried at least one liana. Trees with larger diameters supported more lianas and a higher total basal area of lianas than trees with smaller diameters. There was no relationship between liana diameter and the number of trees a liana climbed, but tendril climbers climbed on more trees than stem‐twiners.
THE EFFECT OF REDUCTION IN BADGER DENSITY ON THE SPATIAL ORGANISATION AND ACTIVITY OF BADGERS MELES MELES L. IN R-ELATION TO FARMS IN CENTRAL IRELAND

G. O'Corry Crowe, R. Hammond, J. Eves and T.J. Hayden (corresponding author), Mammal Research Group, Department of Zoology, University College, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. G. O'Corry-Crowe, present address: Marine Mammal Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, La Jolla, P.O. Box 271, California 92038, USA. R. Hammond, present address: TB Investigation Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medic ine, University College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, Ireland. J. Eves, present address: District Veterinary Office, Department of Agriculture and Food, Tullamore, Co. Offaly, Ireland.
Do Centrosome Abnormalities Lead to Cancer?

CELL BIOLOGYEvidence suggests that at least some cancers arise because malfunctions in the centrosome, which plays a key role in cell division, cause chromosome damage and missorting. Contributing to this new view is the realization that many types of cancer cells have abnormalities in their centrosomes. The supposition is that these abnormalities lead to chromosome instability, which may, in turn, result in the loss of tumor suppressor genes or the gain or activation of cancer-causing oncogenes. Researchers caution that this idea isn't yet firmly established, but if centrosome abnormalities underlie some of the chromosomal instability seen in cancer, they might be useful as diagnostic or prognostic indicators to help clinicians distinguish highly malignant cancers from those that are less dangerous.