Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homing Ability of Adélie Penguins Investigated with Displacement Experiments and Bio-Logging

Adelie Penguins Pygoscelis adeliae live exclusively in Antarctica and commute between the sea for foraging and the land for breeding. During these movements, they must navigate various environments: underwater, on sea ice and on land; an unusual set of challenges among animals. Navigation mechanisms of this species were intensively studied about 50 years ago, but technological limitation at that time made it hard to fully understand movement patterns under experimental as well as natural conditions. Recent developments in animal-borne data loggers have enabled us to record movement paths and activities of such birds. In this paper, we report the results of displacement experiments combined with bio-logging on Adelie Penguins, conducted for the first time since initial experiments more than 50 years ago. Two chick rearing birds were caught at their nests and data loggers with GPS and accelerometers were deployed on their backs. The birds were artificially displaced and released approximately 1 km from the breeding colony. From the release point, their options to return to the nest were either walking over land or swimming in the sea. The birds successfully returned to the colony 6.0 h and 8.1 h after release, taking 44 min and 41 min, respectively, from the onset of homeward movement. Both individuals took what appeared to be the straightest and shortest course crossing over land. They spent most of the homing phase (51.2% and 66.2%) walking and only entered the water – in the same place – in the last stretch homewards. The results of our study demonstrate the homing ability of Adelie Penguins from a distant location after artificial displacement and the potential use of positional and acceleration data to study the navigation of penguins that travel by both land and sea.
INDIRECT FREE KICKS IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL. IDENTIFICATION OF EXPLANATORY VARIABLES

Free kicks are common actions during football matches with some potentially significant influence on the final result. This study aims to determine their effectiveness, identify the variables associated with success and recommend a successful model for indirect free Rev.int.med.cienc. act. fís. deporte vol. X número X ISSN: 1577-0354
Diophantine equations x 2 − Dy 2 = − 1 , ± 2 , odd graphs , and their applications

Let D>2 be a square-free integer and define a direct graph G(D) such that the vertices of the graph are the primes pi dividing D, and the arcs are determined by conditions on the quadratic residues(pi/pj ). In this paper, our main result is that x 2 − Dy2 = k, where k = −1,±2, is solvable if the corresponding graph is “odd”. Being “odd” is a complicated technical condition but we obtain a new criterion for the solvability of these diophantine equations which is quite different from that obtained by Yokoi in 1994. The solvability of these diophantine equations are related (by a theorem of Moser) to the stufe (the minimal number of squares −1 i the sum of integral squares) of an imaginary quadratic number field. We obtain an explicit result that the stufe is 2. Finally, we easily prove some results (originally proved by Hsia and Estes) on the expressibility of integers in an imaginary quadratic number field as sums of 3 integral squares. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. MSC: 11D09; 11E25; 11R11
Age and Opportunistic Infections: Prevalence and Predictors among Older People Living With HIV -

Results: Participants mean age was 57.89 ±5.45 years, 66.84% were males. Heterosexual route was major route of HIV transmission. Prevalence of OIs was 63.7%; with Tuberculosis 22.1% most common, followed by ARI 17.2% and Oral candidiasis 13.2%. Baseline WHO clinical stage III (OR: 8.2; CI: 2.873-23.870) and IV (OR:21.7; CI: 3.83-122.90), Baseline CD4 <200 cells/cumm (OR:3.7; CI:1.1012.11), weight <50kg in last visit (OR:2.9; CI: 1.07-8.23)were predictors of OIs among older PLHIV.
A self-initiated cue-reward learning procedure for neural recording in rodents

Background Single-unit recording in Pavlovian conditioning tasks requires the use of within-subject designs as well as sampling a considerable number of trials per trial type and session, which increases the total trial count. Pavlovian conditioning, on the other hand, requires a long average intertrial interval (ITI) relative to cue duration for cue-specific learning to occur. These requirements combined can make the session duration unfeasibly long. New Method To circumvent this issue, we developed a self-initiated variant of the Pavlovian magazine-approach procedure in rodents. Unlike the standard procedure, where the animals passively receive the trials, the self-initiated procedure grants animals agency to self-administer and self-pace trials from a predetermined, pseudorandomized list. Critically, whereas in the standard procedure the typical ITI is in the order of minutes, our procedure uses a much shorter ITI (10 s). Results Despite such a short ITI, discrimination learning in the self-initiated procedure is comparable to that observed in the standard procedure with a typical ITI, and superior to that observed in the standard procedure with an equally short ITI. Comparison with Existing Method(s) The self-initiated procedure permits delivering 100 trials in a ∼1-h session, almost doubling the number of trials safely attainable over that period with the standard procedure. Conclusions The self-initiated procedure enhances the collection of neural correlates of cue-reward learning while producing good discrimination performance. Other advantages for neural recording studies include ensuring that at the start of each trial the animal is engaged, attentive and in the same location within the conditioning chamber.
International Journal of Instruction

The present research examines Greek elementary school teachers’ perceptions about classroom management and, more specifically, whether they develop an interventionist, interactionalist or non-interventionist style as regards behaviour and instructional management. Through an investigation of teachers’ perceptions, it also defines firstly the specific features of Greek teachers’ adopted style and, secondly, the precise meaning that the concept and connotations of behaviour and instructional management have in the Greek educational system. Four hundred and eighteen (418) teachers working in 17 Greek Elementary Schools filled in questionnaires with 48 close-ended questions and provided relevant information. Data elaboration and statistical analysis were performed using Predictive Analytics Software Statistics 20 while Factor Analysis based on Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation extraction method was employed. The results of the research reveal that Greek teachers tend to be interactionalists as regards instructional management but interventionists as regards behaviour management. Nevertheless these findings need to be explained in correlation to current major educational and social changes in Greece that have had an impact on the perceptions of parents, students and teachers with respect to educational values and the teaching profession.
On the Equilibrium-State Roll Vortices and Their Effects in the Hurricane Boundary Layer

In this study, the authors numerically simulate roll vortices (rolls) generated by the inflection-point instability in the hurricane boundary layer (HBL). The approach is based on embedding a two-dimensional high-resolution single-grid roll-resolving model (SRM) at selected horizontal grid points of an axisymmetric HBL model. The results from a set of idealized experiments indicate that the mixed-layer height is an important factor affecting the magnitude of the roll velocities and the structure of the internal waves triggered in the stably stratified layer above. This study reveals the important difference between the roll-induced cross-roll (nearly radial) and alongroll (nearly azimuthal) momentum fluxes: while the cross-roll momentum flux is well correlated to the cross-roll mean wind shear, the along-roll momentum flux is typically not correlated with the along-roll mean wind shear. Therefore, the commonly usedK theory in the boundary layer parameterizations cannot reasonably capture the vertical distribution of the roll-induced along-roll momentum flux. Moreover, the authors find that the rolls induce more significant changes in the mean radial wind profile than in the mean azimuthal wind profile. Specifically, rolls reduce the inflow near surface, enhance the inflow at upper levels, and increase the inflow-layer height. Based on a linear dynamicalHBLmodel, the authors find that the impact of rolls on themean radial wind profile is essentially due to their redistribution effect on the mean azimuthal momentum in the HBL.
Chemical Composition and Dietary Effects of Pennyroyal and Dill on Biochemical, Hematological, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Broiler Chickens

The current study was conducted to determine chemical constituents present in M. pulegium L and A. graveolens L. essential oils and investigate dietary effects of the herbal powders on some biochemical, hematological and oxidative stress parameters. A 42-day fully randomized trial was conducted using 240 broilers (Ross 308) divided into 4 main groups with three replicates, supplemented with the aerial parts of the plant materials as follows: (I) Control (corn-soybean meal only); (II) 1% pennyroyal; (III) 1% dill; (IV) the combination (0.5% pennyroyal+0.5% dill). Numerous active compounds were detected in the essential oils of both plants. 1,8-cineole was found to be the major constituent in pennyroyal's essential oil and Carvone in dill. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride as well as High and Low Density Lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) levels were significantly different among treatments (P< 0.05). However, the combination of both plants had more pronounced effects on the aforementioned parameters. A significant increase in total protein content also was observed in the groups supplemented with herbal powders. Nevertheless, dill powder had no significant effect on glucose levels. Heterophil and lymphocyte counts also were different between groups (P< 0.05). Moreover, activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly changed following the herbal supplementation. A significant decrease in malondialdehyde content and increase in total antioxidant capacity were recorded in all supplemented groups. Conclusively, supplementation with the dried powders can improve serum biochemistry and enhance the antioxidant status. However, it seems like the combinatorial supplementation is more effective.
Individual and Combined Biological Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis and Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus on the Biological Stages of Egyptian Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (B.) (Lep.: Noctuidae)

The Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) , is known as an important and highly polyphagous pest species worldwide. The objective of the present study was to evaluate synergistic effects of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and NucleoPolyhedroVirus (SpliMNPV) on the 5-day-old larvae (2 instars) of S. littoralis under laboratory conditions. To do this, the larvae of S. littoralis were fed on the treated artificial diet containing only one or combination of Bt (8.31×10, 2.78×10, 9.69×10 spore mL) and SpliMNPV (5.26×10, 7.03×10, 9.39×10 OB mL). According to the results, the mortality rate for most of the BtSpliMNPV combinations (different concentrations) was higher than that in the treatments containing only one of the studied biocontrol agents. The Bt-SpliMNPV combinations showed different types of interactions, including synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects. The treatment containing 8.31×10 spore mL of Bt and 5.26×10 OB mL of the SpliMNPV was interpreted as synergism effect, as the real mortality (72.41±12.43%) was significantly more than the expected (48.28%). In addition, application of the Bt-SpliMNPV combinations could significantly increase larval and pupal periods, and reduce pupation, pupal weight and the adult emergence rate compared to the control and treatments containing only one of Bt or SpliMNPV. Finally, it could be concluded that co-application of Bt and SpliMNPV can enhance economic and efficient control of S. littoralis.
Generation and Characterization of an Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) and Its Application in the Surface Modification of Polyethylene Terephthalate

An atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has a lot of applications in recent years such as in material processing, surface modification, biomedical material processing, and thin film deposition. APPJ has been generated by a high-voltage power supply (0-20 kV) at an operating frequency of 27 kHz. This paper reports the generation and characterization of APPJ in argon environment and its application in the surface modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The plasma jet has been characterized by electrical and optical methods. In order to characterize the plasma jet, electron density and electron temperature have been determined. The surface roughness of the untreated and plasma-treated PET samples was characterized by contact angle measurement, surface energy analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Do statistical myths and urban legends matter for the sustainability of strategy research? The case of moderation analysis

Statistical and methodological myths and urban legends (MULs) are perpetuated truisms which in reality are not true. It is widely believed that MULs can perpetuate incorrect methodological decisions, lead to misapplications of analyses, produce inaccurate inferences and provide errant guidelines for reviewers and editors who decide on the merit of manuscripts. However, other than identifying the practices that can lead to MULs and documenting their likely existence, few if any studies have considered their implications for theory development. In the present study, we test whether an MUL associated with using hierarchical linear regression analysis to test moderation can lead to differences in findings and influence conclusions: we address two questions in particular: (1) Did strategy scholars employing hierarchical linear regression interpret and make conclusions regarding main effect coefficients separately from significant interaction terms and (2) would the findings change if such an interpretation would have been made jointly with significant interactions? Based on a content analysis of SMJ articles, we find that MULs are present with respect to testing moderation and that they could adversely influence results and proposed implications for theory and knowledge development. We find that MULs matter in strategic management research and could shape the sustainability of its knowledge base.
The influence of the final irrigation protocol on the efficiency of root canal cleaning

Introduction/Objective. Irrigation has an important role in root canal cleaning and its efficiency depends on the type of irrigants, the amount, the technique and the irrigation protocol. The aim of this work was to estimate the efficiency of cleaning of the canal walls by using scanning electron microscope analysis after the instrumentation by rotary NiTi instruments with the use of three different irrigation solutions and two final irrigation protocols. Methods. Sixty extracted human incisors were divided into two groups after the rotary instrumentation with the iRace instruments. In both groups, the same amount (1.5 ml) of three solutions (2% sodium hypochlorite solution, 2% chlorhexidine solution, and 10% citric acid solution) and total final irrigation time (90 seconds) was the same. The final irrigation in the first group was accomplished using the technique of continuous irrigation and in the second group it was done using the intermittent protocol. The roots were cut longitudinally and analyzed by thirds (coronal, middle, and apical) on a scanning electron microscope (JSM 6460LV, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with 1,000? magnification. Results. The most efficient cleaning of the root canal walls in both groups was seen after the use of citric acid with the intermittent protocol of the final irrigation (90.7% clean walls), while the least efficient was the final irrigation by chlorhexidine with continuous irrigation (80.3%). The most efficient cleaning of the canal walls in both groups was observed in the coronal third and the largest amount of the smear layer in the apical third. Conclusion. The most efficient cleaning of the canal was achieved by the use of citric acid and the intermittent protocol of the final irrigation. In all tested solutions, the intermittent protocol of irrigation was more efficient than continuous irrigation.
DO WE NEED AN ULTRASONIC BANDWIDTH FOR HIGHER FIDELITY SOUND REPRODUCTION?

Reproduction bandwidths greater than 20kHz are now offered to the consumer, promoted for higher fidelity. Recording, transmission/storage means, amplification and sound radiation aspects must all be consonant and capable. SACD, DVDA and now HD DVD and Blu-ray HD sound carriers deserve review in conjunction with the generally limited bandwidth of available sound reproducers. Not least, perception deserves further examination, especially ultrasonic sensitivity. The objective is to deliver a practical perspective on the present, wider bandwidth audio proposition.
Who Are Loyal Customers in Online Games

Recently, online games have become a highly profitable e-commerce application. The market value of online games is increasing significantly and the number of players is also rapidly growing. The potentially high usage and long duration of gamers [2] demonstrate the revenue contribution of gamers to game providers. However, in a recent large-scale panel survey [9], nearly one third of players quitted online gaming in half a year. Research is thus needed to identify who are potentially loyal players and who potentially reduce their online game usage or even quit. Such research enables game providers target the former group and take marketing actions to retain the latter group. In online activities, flow (optimal experience with total concentration and intrinsic enjoyment) is as a prominent factor [6]. Previous studies have also found that flow experience is a key to strong intentions to play or re-play online games [4]. Flow experiences come from high playing skills and challenges [1]. Thus this study considered flow experiences, skills and challenges. Moreover, online game players reported higher scores on openness, conscientiousness and extraversion than non-players did [8], supporting that game play is associated with these three traits. Thus this study included these traits and linked them to flow experiences and online game play. This study thus investigates the relationship among personality traits (openness, conscientiousness and extraversion), playing skills, challenges, flow experiences and the intention to play online games continuously. The sample comprised 1852 online game players. Study hypotheses were developed basing on the personality literature, learning, flow experience, and online game play. Measurement items came from those in the relevant literature. Results of four reliability indices, two convergent validity criteria, one discriminant validity criterion, and six measurement model fit indices supported the quality measurement. Structural equation model was used to test hypotheses. The analytical results indicated that player openness and conscientiousness positively influenced playing skills. Skills and challenges positively influenced flow experiences, which positively influenced the intention to play online games continuously. Moreover, player extraversion directly influenced the intention to play online games continuously. Game providers are thus recommended to target prospective customers who are high in openness, conscientiousness and extraversion. Since students comprise a significant part of players, research findings on student personality can be applied. Students of product design were found creative [7], suggesting that they are high in openness. Natural sciences students were found accurate [3], suggesting that they are high in conscientiousness. Art and social sciences students were found sociable [5], suggesting that they are high in extraversion. Those individuals may be good target customers for game providers. Game providers can also help players improve their gaming skills, and provide some tough challenges in games.
Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory and Foreign Language Achievement

The aim of the present study was to find if there w ere any significant differences between Iranian EFL learners of high and low profic iency with regard to their multiple intelligence abilities. To reach to this aim, 106 s ubjects participated in the study and the researcher made use of: 1) the Persian version of M ckenzie’s multiple intelligence (MI) Inventory; and 2) the learners’ final term grades a the measure of their language learning achievement. Analyzing the data employing some inde pendent -samples t-tests, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference [t (104) = 2.100, p (two-tailed) =. 038] in the mean of verbal intelligence scores of the low and high a c ieving groups, which was larger among the high achievers. As such, it can be concluded that t more proficient EFL learners have a higher verbal intelligence, indicating that more su ccessful learners may be more intelligent ‘verbally’ than their less proficient counterparts. Finally, verbal and visual intelligences ―with the highest mean scores ― were the two mostly used types of intelligences by both high and low achieving groups.
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI SIENA QUADERNI DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI ECONOMIA POLITICA

In this paper we compare different multifactor HJM models with humped volatility structures, to each other and to models with strictly decreasing volatility. All the models are estimated on Euribor and swap rates panel data. We develop the analysis in two steps: first we study the in-sample properties of the estimated models, then we study the pricing performance on caps. We find the humped volatility specification to greatly improve the model estimation and to provide sufficiently accurate cap prices, although the models has been calibrated on interest rates data and not on cap prices. Moreover we find the two factor humped volatility model to outperform the three factor models in pricing caps.
Extending the scope of coiled-coil crystal structure solution by AMPLE through improved ab initio modelling

The solution of coiled-coil crystal structures may be achieved by AMPLE through the use of ensembled ab initio models in molecular replacement. Improvements in ab initio modelling of elongated helices and oligomeric coiled-coils allow AMPLE to solve a greater number of coiled-coil structures and at lower resolution than previously achieved.