Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On-Farm Trials Reveal Significant but Uncertain Control of Botrytis cinerea by Aureobasidium pullulans and Potassium Bicarbonate in Organic Grapevines

Botrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen that causes gray mold on grapes, can decrease yield, substantially reduce wine quality, and therefore cause significant economic losses. In a context of increasing awareness of environmental and human health, biopesticides are a potential alternative to synthetic chemical treatments to produce grapes and wine in compliance with high food standards. However, the effectiveness of biopesticides is not well known and more research is needed to help winegrowers assess their ability to control wine diseases. Our study aims to assess the efficacy of two commercial biopesticides, based on potassium bicarbonate and Aureobasidium pullulans, in reducing the incidence of gray mold (i.e., the proportion of grape bunches that are diseased). We use data from an on-farm trial network managed over 3 years (from 2014 to 2016) in a major wine producing region located in Southwestern France, and fit Bayesian generalized linear multilevel models able to take the variability of treatment effect across trials into account. The fitted models were then used to estimate the efficacy on incidence as a function of the severity (i.e., the proportion of diseased grape berries in a bunch) in an untreated plot in order to determine if the effectiveness of the treatments depends on the disease pressure. At average disease severity (i.e., 3%), the efficacy on disease incidence at the network level was equal to 20% [95% CI = (−0.1; 37.3)] and 13% [95% CI = (0.2; 24.7)] for potassium bicarbonate and A. pullulans, respectively. For both biopesticides, the efficacy on incidence for a new site-year is highly uncertain, but potassium bicarbonate had a lower uncertainty and a lower application cost compared to A. pullulans. Our results confirm that potassium bicarbonate is an interesting biopesticide under farming conditions in organic vineyards in southwestern France, but the amount of uncertainty points to the need for further research.
Two Different Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) Risks for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) disease severity and stages varies from asymptomatic, mild flu-like symptoms, moderate, severe, critical, and chronic disease. COVID-19 disease progression include lymphopenia, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils in lungs, immune dysregulation, cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), etc. Development of vaccines to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and other coronavirus has been difficult to create due to vaccine induced enhanced disease responses in animal models. Multiple betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 expand cellular tropism by infecting some phagocytic cells (immature macrophages and dendritic cells) via antibody bound Fc receptor uptake of virus. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may be involved in the clinical observation of increased severity of symptoms associated with early high levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients. Infants with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 may also have ADE caused by maternally acquired SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to mast cells. ADE risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 has implications for COVID-19 and MIS-C treatments, B-cell vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapy, and convalescent plasma therapy for patients. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to mast cells may be involved in MIS-C and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) following initial COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies bound to Fc receptors on macrophages and mast cells may represent two different mechanisms for ADE in patients. These two different ADE risks have possible implications for SARS-CoV-2 B-cell vaccines for subsets of populations based on age, cross-reactive antibodies, variabilities in antibody levels over time, and pregnancy. These models place increased emphasis on the importance of developing safe SARS-CoV-2 T cell vaccines that are not dependent upon antibodies.
Dealing With COVID-19 Patients: A Moderated Mediation Model of Exposure to Patients' Death and Mental Health of Italian Health Care Workers

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is asking health care workers (HCWs) to meet extraordinary challenges. In turn, HCWs were experiencing tremendous psycho-social crisis as they have had to deal with unexpected emotional requirements (ERs) arising from caring for suffering and dying patients on a daily basis. In that context, recent studies have highlighted how HCWs working during the COVID-19 outbreak manifested extreme emotional and behavioral reactions that may have impacted their mental health, increasing the risk for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate post-traumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusion symptoms, as a potential mediator of the link between ERs and crying at work, and whether rumination moderates the relationship between ERs and intrusion-based PTS symptoms among HCWs who have had to deal with patients dying from COVID-19. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was performed. A total of 543 Italian HCWs (physicians and nurses) participated in the study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. We used the SPSS version of bootstrap-based PROCESS macro for testing the moderated mediation model. Results: ERs had an indirect effect on crying at work through the mediating role of intrusion symptoms. Results from the moderated mediation model showed that rumination moderated the indirect effect of ERs on crying at work via intrusion symptoms, and this effect was significant only for high rumination. Furthermore, when we tested for an alternative model where rumination moderates the direct effect of ERs on crying at work, this moderation was not significant. Conclusions: As the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, there is an urgent need for decision-makers to rapidly implement interventions aimed at offering timely psychological support to HCWs, especially in those contexts where the risk of emotional labor associated to patients dying from COVID-19 is higher.
Case Report: Proven Diagnosis of Culture-Negative Chronic Disseminated Candidiasis in a Patient Suffering From Hematological Malignancy: Combined Application of mNGS and CFW Staining

Chronic disseminated candidiasis (CDC) is a severe complication with high morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies who have undergone chemotherapy. Blood or sterile liver biopsy cultures are negative due to recurrent empirical antifungal therapy. With the escalating resistance to azole-based antifungal drugs in infection by Candida species, pathogen identification is becoming increasingly important for determining definitive diagnosis and treatment strategy. In this case report, we present, for the first time, diagnostic confirmation of a culture-negative CDC case with Candida tropicalis infection using a combination of metagenomics next-generation sequencing and calcofluor white staining.
Respirator canister evaluation for nine selected organic vapors

The protection afforded by one commercial organic vapor respirator canister (MSA/GMA) against chloroform, benzene, epichlorohydrin, acrylonitrile, propargyl alcohol, 1,2-dibromoethane, acrolein, chloromethyl methyl ether, and N-nitrosodimethylamine was determined. Six canisters were challenged simultaneously at 64 liters per minute (measured at 7000 ft elevation) with test atmospheres of these compounds at both 80% and <15% relative humidity (RH). The challenge concentrations were, in general, the greater of 50 times the threshold limit value or 1 ppm. Breakthrough volume was defined as that volume of air which passed through the canister before the downstream concentration was 1% of the challenge concentration. Tests were continued until at least this concentration was attained or 16 h had elapsed, whichever occurred first. Under a moderate workload, these canisters should afford adequate protection against chloroform, benzene, and acrylonitrile for at least 4 h, epichlorohydrin for at least 8 h, and the.
The Combination of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg and Aucklandia costus Falc. Volatile Oils Exerts Antidepressant Effects in a CUMS-Induced Rat Model by Regulating the HPA Axis and Levels of Neurotransmitters

The Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (CX)–Aucklandia costus Falc. (MX) herbal pair is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for treating depression. The volatile oil from CX and MX has been shown to have good pharmacological activities on the central nervous system, but its curative effect and mechanism in the treatment of depression are unclear. Therefore, the antidepressant effect of the volatile oil from CX–MX (CMVO) was studied in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. The suppressive effects of CMVO (25, 50, 100 μL/kg) against CUMS-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated using the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The results showed that CMVO exhibited an antidepressant effect, reversed the decreased sugar preference in the SPT and prolongation of immobility time in the FST induced by CUMS, increased the average speed, time to enter the central area, total moving distance, and enhanced the willingness of rats to explore the environment in the OFT. Inhalational administration of CMVO decreased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in serum and the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the hypothalamus, which indicated regulation of over-activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, CMVO restored levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine in the hippocampus. The RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry results showed that CMVO up-regulated the expression of 5-HT1A mRNA. This study demonstrated the antidepressant effect of CMVO in CUMS rats, which was possibly mediated via modulation of monoamine and cholinergic neurotransmitters and regulation of the HPA axis.
The eternal domination number for 3×n grid graphs

In the eternal dominating set problem, guards form a dominating set on a graph, and at each step, a vertex is attacked. To defend against the attack, each guard either remains in place or moves to a neighboring vertex in order to form a new dominating set that contains the attacked vertex. We wish to determine the minimum number of guards required to successfully defend against any possible sequence of attacks, the eternal domination number. This number is known for 3 × n grid graphs when n < 26. This paper determines exact values of eternal domination numbers for 3 × n grid graphs when n ≥ 26
Structural coloration in nature

Nature's color has three main sources: pigments, structural colors and bioluminescence. Structural color is a special one, which is the color produced by micro- or nano-structures, and is bright and dazzling. The most common mechanisms of structural colors are film interference, diffraction grating, scattering and photonic crystals. Biological colors are mainly derived from film interference, which includes thin-film and multi-film interference. The diffraction grating mechanism is found in, for example, seed shrimp, mollusk Haliotis Glabra and the Hibiscus trionum flower. Scattering includes coherent and incoherent scattering. Well-known examples of coherent scattering include colors produced by brilliant iridescent butterfly wing scales and avian feather barbules, such as the peacock's tail. Examples of colors produced by photonic crystal structures include opal in beetles and iridescent spines in the sea mouse. Coloration changes occur through structural changes for camouflage, predation, signal communication and sex choice. This paper presents an overview of lessons from nature and various relevant mechanisms. Examples of bioinspired fabrication methods and applications are also presented in this paper.
Causal and ∆ -Causal Broadcast in Opportunistic Networks

—Causal broadcast is a fundamental communication abstraction for many distributed applications. Several implementations of this abstraction have been proposed over the last decades for traditional networks, that is, networks that assume the existence of a continuous bi-directional end-to-end path be-tween any pair of nodes. Opportunistic networks constitute a kind of networks in which this assumption cannot be made, though, so the implementation of causal broadcast in such networks must be addressed differently. This paper presents two algorithms based on causal barriers that can ensure the causally-ordered delivery of broadcast messages in an opportunistic network, considering both cases where the messages propagate in the network without or with a bounded lifetime. The latter case is especially interesting in networks that must run for a long time, or with a population of nodes that changes continuously.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, including the Analytical Edition , in 1941 received 878 manuscripts for consideration. Approximately 60 per cent of these manuscripts have been or will be accepted, some of them still being in process of review and revision which occasionally volves adding experimental work, delaying publication for soi . onths aftei the receipt of the manuscript. This constitutes the largest member: of papers received in any one year since records have been including the index and contents pages, the volume for the year exceeded 1600 pages for the Industrial Edition and was 948 for the Analytical Edition . This is a large return for the cost to the members, and well illustrates what is accomplished through the teamwork of members of the AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Among the features were 13 symposia, some of them emphasized by the use of special inks in printing, decorative typographical devices, or extra illustration. Care was exercised to cover as .
Effects of the polarizability and water density constraint on the structure of water near charged surfaces: Molecular dynamics simulations

To understand how the inclusion of explicit polarizability into water interaction potential changes the structure of water next to a charged metallic surface we compared the results from the simulations using polarizable point charge model and simple point charge model. To study the effect of density constraints we also performed simulations of water next to hydrophobic walls and metal walls. In these simulations the water density was not predetermined, but regulated itself during the run.
Characterization of Grown-in Dislocations in Benzophenone Single Crystals by X-Ray Topography

Benzophenone single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. The dislocations introduced during the crystal growth were examined using X-ray topography. Double images of single dislocations were found on the topographs taken in some reflection planes. The Burgers vector of predominant grown-in dislocations was estimated from analysis of the dislocation images on the basis of kinematical theory.
Fósforo na nutrição e produção de mudas de maracujazeiro

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of phosphorus application to the substrate on the production of yellow passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa ) cuttings, as well as its effects on plant development, nutrition and production of dry matter. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. Phosphorus was applied at rates of 0, 112.5, 225, 450 and 675 mg of P dm -3 . Cuttings were fertilized with N, K, B and Zn at rates of 300; 150; 0.5 and 2.0 mg dm -3 , respectively. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions for 70 days, in pots with 2 dm 3 of a Red-Yellow Latosol (typical Haplustox) based substrate. The application of 450 mg of P dm -3 in a low-P substrate improved both nutritional status and cutting development. The highest production of dry matter in passionflower cuttings was associated to a level of 180 mg of P dm -3 of soil, and 4.5 and 3.6 g P kg -1 of shoots and roots, respectively.
Photoluminescence of MBE grown wurtzite Be-doped GaN

We report new lines in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of lightly Be-doped GaN. The low-temperature PL spectrum of the lightly doped sample is dominated by a transition at 3.385 eV with first and second LO phonon replicas. Power-resolved PL measurements showed that the peak at 3.385 eV narrowed in width and shifted to higher energies with increasing excitation intensity. Thus the transition is attributed to donor-to-acceptor recombination, involving a Be acceptor of optical ionization energy of between 90 and 100 meV. This is much shallower than the acceptor level of 250 meV induced by Mg doping. Increasing the doping, however, resulted in a quenching of the band-edge luminescence and the appearance of a broad transition centred around 2.4 eV which we assign to a complex involving Be. Undulations on the peak were consistent with interference effects. On increasing the doping level even further all luminescence was quenched.
Performance of a surface dielectric barrier discharge based reactor for destruction of naphthalene in an air stream

A surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor is used to investigate the destruction of naphthalene, as an example of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, in an air stream. The characteristics of the reactor including the current–voltage and the power consumed are examined to evaluate its effectiveness in destroying naphthalene. The effects of different operational parameters including applied voltage, frequency, flow rate and initial concentration of naphthalene on the destruction process are studied. The results indicated that the destruction efficiency decreases with increasing flow rate and increases with an increase in the applied voltage and frequency. Although the destruction efficiency is independent of the initial concentration, the energy efficiency is increased with increasing initial concentration. The study shows that naphthalene is totally destroyed in the reactor, but not completely transformed to CO and CO2. Ozone generated as a byproduct in the reactor did not play a role in the destruction process.
FT-IR spectroscopy supported by PCA–LDA analysis for the study of embryonic stem cell differentiation

As recently pointed out in the literature, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is emerging as a power- ful tool in stem cell research. In this work we characterized in situ by FT-IR microspectroscopy the differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ES) to monitor possible changes in the cell macromolecular content during the early stages of differen- tiation. Undifferentiated and differentiating cells at 4, 7, 9 and 14 days were measured. Data were analyzed by the principal component and subsequent linear discriminant analyses (PCA-LDA) that enabled us to segregate ES cell spectra into well sep- arate clusters and to identify the most significant spectral changes. Important changes in the lipid (3050-2800 cm −1 ), protein (1700-1600 cm −1 ) and in the nucleic acid (1050-850 cm −1 ) absorption regions were observed between days 4 to 7 of dif- ferentiation, indicating the appearance - at day 7 - of the new phenotype into cardiomyocyte precursors. Also the presence of DNA/RNA hybrid bands (954 cm −1 and 899 cm −1 ) suggests that the transcriptional switch of the genome started at this stage of differentiation. Particularly noteworthy, we suggest that the 2936 cm −1 shoulder we observed could reflect methyl group vibrations thus allowing the detection of variations in methylation levels of the stem cell during differentiation. These infrared results were found to be in agreement with the biochemical characterization of these differentiating cells, underlying the great potential of FT-IR spectroscopy in stem cell research.
TeO2-WO3 glasses: Infrared, XPS and XANES structural characterizations

Abstract Transparent (1−x)TeO2–xWO3 glasses with 0≤x≤0.325 mol were synthesized by the fast quenching technique. Several complementary techniques as infrared, X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption spectroscopies were used to approach the structure of these tungsten oxide–tellurite glasses. Special attention was paid to the oxidation state and the coordination state of tungsten atoms. The structural results show that (1−x)TeO2–xWO3 glasses present characteristic tellurium environments which vary with their chemical composition while tungsten ions always adopt an octahedral configuration.
Applying Composted Cotton Gin Trash to a Vertisol in Southeastern Queensland, Australia

Many Australian cotton farmers are interested in using organic waste products such as composted cotton gin trash as soil amendments because of perceived benefits to soil health and the environment. However, detailed information on the relative benefits and costs involved is not readily available to cotton growers who farm on clayey Vertisols. The objective of this study was to quantify soil changes in a farmer-established trial to evaluate the potential benefits of applying composted cotton gin trash and/or lime to a Vertisol. Selected soil properties were measured in an experiment located on a commercial cotton farm near Goondiwindi in southern Queensland, Australia. Cotton gin trash compost improved potassium availability and soil microbial biomass in soil, whereas lime improved only the latter.