Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Method of inducing 'hazel' Wood in Pinus Halepensis (Pinaceae)

'Hazel' wood was induced experimentally in Pinus halepensis Mill. by parallellongitudinal scratches. Two years after treatment, the growth rings showed indentations where the cambium had been scratched. Tissues formed following wounding had many very large resin ducts in addition to the normalsized ones, irregularly shaped tracheids and ray cells, more rays, spiral orientation and narrower tracheids. We suggest that the wounding disturbed the normal hormonal balance, and that disturbances in hormonal balance probably are the physiological basis for other cases of hazel growth.
Eucalyptus physiology. II. Temperature responses.

Seedlings of 13 Eucalyptus species were grown at three temperature regimes. One species was exposed to sublethal high temperatures. Another species was frost-hardened by low temperatures. Maximum growth of species from hot low latitudes of Australia involved high-temperature optima. These were higher than the medium optima of species from the cooler southern latitudes. Such relationships between temperature optimum for growth and temperature of location of seed source were also observed among latitudinal provenances of E. camaldulensis and among altitudinal provenances of E. paucifora and E. viminalis. These examples of adaptive variation involved temperature optima, not maximum growth rate. The absence of high optima in southern species and high-altitude provenances was often associated with severe growth abnormalities and poor survival of plants grown at 33°C and above. Frost resistance of E. viminalis depended on exposure to near freezing, hardening temperatures for about 2 days. Altitudinal ecotypes for level of resistance and for rate of hardening were sometimes detected in such low-temperature responses. These results support the concept that the distribution of Eucalyptus species is related to their tolerance of extreme conditions rather than to their maximum growth rate under less severe conditions. The relative insensitivity of the genus to day length suggests that this concept should emphasize the importance of temperature but exclude day length and the combined effects of both.
Attribution of Evapotranspiration Changes in Humid Regions of China from 1982 to 2016

This study quantifies the influences of climate variation and vegetation greening on the changes in evapotranspiration (ET) over 110 humid catchments of China from 1982 to 2016. A process‐based model considering climate and vegetation changes is employed to estimate ET. The simulated ET compared well with the observed values based on the flux measurements and water balance equation, with the coefficients of determination above 0.62. During the study period, environmental change of the study area was characterized by the increases in air temperature and leaf area index, that is, climate warming and vegetation greening. Annual ET increased at 104 catchments with the trends ranging from 0.01 to 6.2 mm yr−2. The numerical experiment approach and sensitivity method are used to attribute ET changes to climate variation and vegetation greening. The results show that the contributions of climate variation to ET changes estimated by the two methods are 90.6% and 91.3%, respectively, whereas the contributions of vegetation greening to ET changes are only 9.4% and 8.7%, indicating that climate variation controls ET changes in the study area. However, vegetation greening alters the proportions of ET components, which contributes 59.0%–62.0% to the increase in the ratio of transpiration to ET. This study quantifies the roles of climate and vegetation changes in the dynamics of ET, suggesting that more concerns should be paid on the interactions between ecological processes and hydrological cycle in humid regions.
Newly developed system based on multiple enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism – an application to proteolytic bacterial flora analysis

Abstract To assist assignment of bacterial phylogeny based on multiple enzyme restriction fragment length polymorphism (MERFLP) analysis, new programs were developed; one program was used to construct reference database of theoretical multiple enzyme restriction fragment (MERF) data, which were edited from DNA sequence of various kinds of bacteria; the other program was used to search the theoretical MERF having the highest similarity to the measured MERF based on pairwise distance according to Nei and Li. Using proteolytic bacteria (96 strains) isolated from various field soils and 25 reference strains, the factors that affected accurate phylogenetic estimation were evaluated. Bacterial strains from the genus Bacillus were successfully separated into species using the MERF with HaeIII and HhaI as the restriction enzymes. Genera Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, and Alcaligenes were affiliated with the corresponding genus, but precise affiliation under genus level was not always possible. Differentiation among genera in the Enterobacteriaceae may be possible using the other restriction enzymes (HhaI, RsaI and ScrF1). The method was found to be useful for the analysis of bacterial flora because the differentiation, grouping and phylogeny assignment of bacteria, including various genera, were easily accomplished without preliminary information. Most (97.8%) of the proteolytic bacteria isolated from field soils applied with chemical fertilizer or no fertilizer were affiliated with Bacillus spp. , whereas the ratios were low in those isolated from field soils applied with liquid livestock feces.
Movement of Autonomous Vehicles in Work Zone Using New Pavement Marking: A New Approach

The autonomous vehicles are the future of mobility across the globe and are expected to touch the lives of every person of all ages. But this comes with certain challenges regarding safety, reliability, cost, legal framework, regulations, etc. however, of all the concern safety and reliability are of utmost importance for researchers and engineers. The current research is focused on the movement of the autonomous vehicle in the work zone. The work zone is one of the most challenging areas for the autonomous vehicle to drive from. This is because the work zones are very dynamic, and all the construction activities are specific to the site condition and cannot always be predefined. The study provides a concept of how pavement marking can be used for smooth movement through the complicated work zone. In this study, various pavement marking signs have been designed as a concept considering the standard colors and striping width being used in the Manual of Uniform Traffic control device (MUTCD). The study assumes that the movement of the autonomous vehicle will not be exclusive and that it will move with the driver driven vehicle. It is expected that autonomous vehicles will require special pavement marking and signage for smooth movement through the work zone. These pavement marking and signage will eventually become part of standard Traffic Control Plans (TCP) and Maintenance of Traffic Plans (MOT). The research aims to study the current research being done in this area and technology being used for detecting various pavement markings and signages.
A comparison of the fish communities in nearby permanently open, seasonally open and normally closed estuaries in the South-Western Cape, South Africa

Seine-netting for 13 consecutive months in the permanently open Palmiet Estuary, in the seasonally open Kleinmond Estuary, and in the Bot Estuary, which had been closed for three years, yielded 101 000 fish. Seven species complete their entire life cycles in estuaries, 13 breed in the sea and migrate into the estuaries as juveniles, and two were freshwater species. Classification and ordination showed that the structure of the communities changed markedly during heavy freshwater flushing in the Palmiet and Kleinmond estuaries but not in the Bot. This was related to a massive emigration of species and individuals in the former two systems. Spawning by the permanent residents in spring/summer ensures minimal loss of eggs and larvae from the estuaries and allows juveniles to benefit from favourable summer and autumn conditions. Winter spawning by the marine migrants allows juveniles to enter the estuaries in the spring and early summer, after the winter floods but before the estuaries close. Differences in t.
Application of Coliphage Lysate: A Preliminary Trial to Treat an Experimental Escherichia coli Infection in Broiler Chicken

Pathogenic E. coli was isolated from the birds suffering from colibacillosis showing characteristic lesions. Two types of coliphages T and T were isolated from the sewage water collected from different 1 4 areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. These phages were separately tested for in vitro lysis of their host cell on tryptone agar plates, with equal (1:1)) concentration (10 CFU and 10 PFU) of E. coli and phages, which 7 7 1 2 deprived of phages and E. coli respectively. The 13 birds of group D that were given only the phages did 2 show neither the signs of disease nor mortality. The results indicated a good protection level using coliphages when compared with the control group. It was concluded that phages may be used effectively as good alternatives of those antibiotics to which bacteria have become resistant.
The impact of review valence and awareness of deceptive practices on consumers’ responses to online product ratings and reviews

ABSTRACT Many online retailers and some manufacturers/service providers have recently been engaging in questionable practices, where product reviews are often fabricated and/or posted without sufficient clarity and objectivity. Across an exploratory study and two main studies, we empirically examine this phenomenon and observe a pattern of effects that suggests that review valence (i.e., the average number of rating-stars a product receives) influences product attitudes and intentions, but that these outcomes are significantly impacted by the extent to which consumers are aware of potentially deceptive online review practices. Awareness of deceptive practices was found to differentially influence attitudes and intentions, depending upon whether the star-ratings were perfect (5/5 stars), highly positive (4.9/5 stars), or generally positive (4.5/5 or 4.7/5 stars). Participants’ perceptions of the e-retailer’s manipulative intent were also shown to mediate these effects, with higher perceptions of perceived manipulative intent yielding less favorable product attitudes and reduced purchase intentions.
Medusa: Microarchitectural Data Leakage via Automated Attack Synthesis

In May 2019, a new class of transient execution attack based on Meltdown called microarchitectural data sampling (MDS), was disclosed. MDS enables adversaries to leak secrets across security domains by collecting data from shared CPU resources such as data cache, ﬁll buffers, and store buffers. These resources may temporarily hold data that belongs to other processes and privileged contexts, which could falsely be forwarded to memory accesses of an adversary. We perform an in-depth analysis of these Meltdown-style attacks using our novel fuzzing-based approach. We introduce an analysis tool, named Transynther, which mutates the basic block of existing Meltdown variants to generate and evaluate new Meltdown subvariants. We apply Transynther to analyze modern CPUs and better understand the root cause of these attacks. As a result, we ﬁnd new variants of MDS that only target speciﬁc memory operations, e.g., fast string copies. Based on our ﬁndings, we propose a new attack, named Medusa, which can leak data from implicit write-combining memory operations. Since Medusa only applies to speciﬁc operations, it can be used to pinpoint vulnerable targets. In a case study, we apply Medusa to recover the key during the RSA signing operation. We show that Medusa can leak various parts of an RSA key during the base64 decoding stage. Then we build leakage templates and recover full RSA keys by employing lattice-based cryptanalysis techniques.
THE DIFFERENTIAL EFECTS OF HAND-RAISING AND DIGITAL RESPONSE CARDS ON ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE DISABILITIES DURING LITERACY ACTIVITIES

OF THESIS THE DIFFERENTIAL EFECTS OF HAND-RAISING AND DIGITAL RESPONSE CARDS ON ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH MILD TO MODERATE DISABILITIES DURING LITERACY ACTIVITIES The purpose of the study was to investigate how both hand-raising and digital response cards effect student engagement, on-task behavior, and off-task behavior. Academic achievement was also assessed using a high-tech student responses system. An ABAB withdrawal design was used to evaluate the effects among high school students with mild to moderate disabilities during reading lessons. The results showed digital response cards increased active engagement for all participants, but digital response card conditions did not show increased levels of on-task behavior.
Contested European citizenship: Results from a 13 country survey

European citizenship consisting of equal economic, social and political rights for all EU citizens has come under pressure in recent years due to the different crises the EU had to face. Based on a survey conducted in 13 EU member states we examined to what extent EU citizens support the notion that citizens from other European countries should enjoy the same rights as nationals. Overall, 56% of EU citizens support the idea that citizens from other EU member states (EU migrants) and national citizens shall be treated equally. In addition, we find remarkable variation between the countries. Multivariate analyses indicate that cultural factors on the individual and the country level have a strong impact on attitudes towards Europeanized equality, whereas structural factors that are related to individuals’ and a countries’ socioeconomic position are only of minor importance.
MARKET ORIENTATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTATION, AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE: STUDY ON SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRIES (SMES) FURNITURE IN DEMAK DISTRICT

The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation toward firm performance. The populations of this study were small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Demak regency. The sample were the furniture industry SMEs. This is a survey type of questionnaire based research. Sample size of the study is 86 and the data collection technique with purposive sampling. The data analysis used was PLS (Partial least Square). The research result showed that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a positive effect on firm performance. It was evident that market orientation and entrepreneurial
Structural behavior of ultra‐high performance (fiber‐reinforced) concrete compression struts subjected to transverse tension and cracking

Struts and stress fields with transverse tension and cracks parallel to the direction of compression lead to a reduction of compressive strength in reinforced concrete structures. Biaxial tests on fine‐grained ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) and ultra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) panels additionally reinforced with steel bars show that this reduction in compressive strength is already pronounced even with small transverse tensile strain and crack widths, but stabilizes for larger tensile strain. A reduction could also be observed with regard to compressive stiffness of the struts, which behave quasi‐linear under compressive loading. Basically, the UHPFRC panels show less reduction in strength and stiffness than the UHPC panels. Compared with the results obtained from the tests on normal‐strength reinforced concrete panels and fiber‐reinforced concrete panels, the reduction of compressive strength is only little larger for UHP(FR)C. Based on the test results, a proposal for modeling the stress–strain behavior of UHP(FR)C in compression–tension stress state is provided.
A Survey of the Small Reef Fishes of Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands

The small, sedentary fishes, many of which are cryptic, in Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands, were surveyed based on 75 small rotenone stations from 10 different habitats. These stations resulted in a total of 192 species from 48 different families. An additional 10 other small species were recorded from the bay in other samples ancillary to this study for a total of 202 species from 49 families. Assemblage structure for specific taxa was investigated using detrended correspondence analysis. Only the following taxa demonstrated various levels of clustering of stations from specific habitats in ordination space: Blennioidei, Labridae, Apogonidae, Gobiidae, Serranidae, and Anguilliformes. When these taxa were combined into a single analysis the distinctiveness of sheltered patch reefs within the bay from all other habitats was reinforced. These findings support earlier conclusions based on studies in the Atlantic Ocean that a search for a single model to explain assemblage structure of coral-reef fishes is ill founded.
Determination of Attitudes and Awareness Levels of Classroom Teachers for Gifted Students According to Some Demographic Variables

The main purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of the classroom teachers towards gifted students and their awareness levels towards gifted students' behavioral characteristics according to some demographic variables. In this study conducted for this purpose, screening model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used. Study group of the research consists of classroom teachers working in schools in the center and districts of Kocaeli Province in the 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, the “Attitude Scale for Gifted Students” which is studied in terms of its validity and reliability by Erdogan (2016) and the “Scale for Rating Behavioral Characteristics of Gifted Students” developed by Şahin (2012) were used as data collection tools. According to the findings of the study, while there is no significant difference in classroom teachers' attitudes towards gifted students and, their educational attitudes and awareness towards their behavioral characteristics according to gender and educational status. However, a significant difference was found in favor of those who attended the education in terms of whether they attend any education related to gifted people on “attitude towards support needs” and “attitude towards talent grouping” sub-dimensions
Marine Habitats in Conservation Units on the Southeast Coast of Brazil

Continental shelves with diversified physiography, geomorphology marked by rocky reefs, channels, and marginal terraces, besides several terrestrial and marine sediments, have a rich mosaic of habitats ideal for the conservation and reproduction of marine life. This work, as part of the research project "Detailed Study of the Ocean Bed inside the Santa Cruz WLR, Costa das Algas EPA and 2000m Immediate Environment", aims at mapping the marine habitats located in two Conservation Units, Costa das Algas EPA (Environmental Protection Area) and Santa Cruz WLR (Wildlife Refuge), located south of the Doce River mouth, on the southeast coast of Brazil. For this purpose, data on the type, distribution, and composition of seabed sediments, as well as information on the seabed geomorphology using bathymetric data, seabed records by ROV imaging, and benthic fauna at the phylum taxonomic level were determined in the studied areas. The results indicated the presence of five sedimentary facies defined by the terrigenous and marine sedimentation regimes, separated in the vicinity of the -35 m isobath. The sandy-clayey sediments deposited by the fluvial discharges from the region rivers predominate in the first case. On the other hand, the marine sedimentation consists of biolitoclastic and bioclastic sediments, with rhodolith pebbles as well. In addition, three hydrodynamic zones/regions were defined, according to the presence and type of seabed ripples formed by near-bottom waves. The bathymetric data revealed seabed features such as reef structures, or rocky reefs, as well as submerged channels originated by marine regression. This set of characteristics defined eleven marine habitats, and among them, those consisting of biolitoclastic, bioclastic and rhodolith sediments, as well as rocky reefs and submerged channels, which had the greatest abundance of marine fauna and flora organisms. On the other hand, the habitats defined by the terrigenous sedimentation had a lower abundance of organisms. This finding indicates that the marine sedimentation regime predominated over the terrigenous, especially in the Costa das Algas EPA, which generally represents an area with high potential for proliferation and preservation of marine benthic and demersal fauna and flora. In view of this, the mapping of the Conservation Units presented here for the first time on a detailed scale can help to understand the importance of these areas for the preservation and maintenance of marine life.
Studies of Costa Rican Gelidiales (Rhodophyta): four Caribbean taxa including Pterocladiella beachii sp. nov.

Abstract Eight species within the red algal order Gelidiales have previously been recorded from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. In this study morphological observations and analyses of rbcL and LSU gene sequence data were used to determine the identity and phylogenetic relationships of four Caribbean species: Gelidium microdonticum, G. floridanum, Pterocladiella bartlettii and P. beachii Freshwater sp. nov. Previous collections of a small Gelidium species from Costa Rica have been referred to either G. microdonticum or the Pacific species, G. microdentatum. Observations of these previous collections, as well as collections made for this study, verify that they are all G. microdonticum. Molecular analyses show that this species has an affinity with a group of species predominantly from South Africa and the south Atlantic. We also provide the first report of G. floridanum from Costa Rica. Sequence divergence values suggest a genetic discontinuity between Costa Rican G. floridanum and populations from the east Caribbean and western Atlantic. Characteristics of cystocarp development, as well as the results of molecular analyses, clearly identify the new species P. beachii as belonging to Pterocladiella. Morphological and molecular results also indicate that this species is closely related to P. caerulescens. Pterocladiella beachii may be unique among Pterocladiella species in having a central placental core that is centrally positioned throughout all stages of cystocarp development.
A Numerical Calculation of the Penetration Factor and Its Application

In this study, we develop a computer code called Numerical Calculation of the Penetration Factor ( NCPF ) for calculation of the penetration factor in nuclear interactions. The code is valid in both low-energy thermonu-clear reactions for astrophysical applications and high-energy interactions of heavy nuclei. Our validation results indicate that this code can be successfully used to determine the penetrability for calculations of the partial widths of thermonuclear reactions and the half-lives of heavy isotopes. By using the code, we evaluate the astrophysical rates of the 22 Mg( α, p ) 25 Al reaction and the α -decay half-lives of super-heavy nuclei with atomic numbers up to Z = 118 .