Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the effect of the Boussinesq–Basset force on the radial migration of a Stokes particle in a vortex

The trajectory of an isolated solid particle dropped in the core of a vertical vortex is investigated theoretically and experimentally, in order to analyze the effect of the history force on the radial migration of the inclusion. Both the Stokes number (based on the particle radius and the fluid angular velocity) and the particle Reynolds number are small. The particle is heavier than the fluid, and is therefore expelled from the center of the vortex. An experimental device using spherical particles injected in a rotating cylindrical tank filled with silicone oil has been built. Experimental trajectories are compared to analytical solutions of the motion equations, which are obtained by making use of classical Laplace transforms. The analytical expression of the history force and the ejection rate are carried out. This force does not vanish, but increases exponentially and has to be taken into account for efficient predictions. In particular, calculations without history force overestimate particle ejecti.
Impact of Surface Parameter Uncertainties within the Canadian Regional Ensemble Prediction System

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of uncertainties in surface parameter and initial conditions on numerical prediction with the Canadian Regional Ensemble Prediction System (REPS). As part of this study, the Canadian version of the Interactions between Soil–Biosphere–Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface scheme has been coupled to Environment Canada’s numerical weather prediction model within the REPS. For 20 summer periods in 2009, stochastic perturbations of surface parameters have been generated in several experiments. Each experiment corresponds to 20 simulations differing by the perturbations at the initial time of one or several surface parameters or prognostic variables. The sensitivity to these perturbations is quantified especially for 2-m temperature, 10-m wind speed, cloud fraction, and precipitation up to 48-h lead time. Spatial variability of these sensitivities over the North American continent shows that soil moisture, albedo, leaf area index, and SST have the largest impacts o.
Quantitative quality assessment of stitched panoramic images

In this study, the authors present quantitative quality assessment indices for measuring geometric and photometric qualities of stitched panoramic images, since both geometric and photometric qualities are important for obtaining a seamless panoramic image. For geometric quality assessment, our approach is based on the use of structural similarity (SSIM) index between the high-frequency information (HFI) of both geometrically corrected unstitched images and the stitched panoramic image. This measure is called `HFI`SSIM`. The complementary low-frequency information from the same pair of images is used for assessing the photometric quality of the stitched image using the spectral angle mapper and intensity magnitude ratio measures. The proposed quality metrics are tested on both synthetic and true datasets comprising of indoor and outdoor scenes. The results obtained, highlight the interest of using the proposed quantitative measures for assessing the quality of stitched panoramic images.
DENSITY OF AMORPHOUS SI

The density of amorphous Si has been measured. Multiple Si implants, at energies up to 8.0 MeV, were made through a contact mask to produce alternating amorphous/crystalline Si stripes with amorphous thicknesses up to ∼5.0 μm. For layers up to 3.4 μm (5 MeV), the amorphous Si is constrained laterally and deforms plastically. Above 5 MeV, plastic deformation of the surrounding crystal matrix is observed. Height differences between the amorphous and crystalline regions were measured for as‐implanted, thermally relaxed, and partially recrystallized samples using a surface profilometer. Combined with ion channeling measurements of the layer thickness, amorphous Si was determined to be 1.8±0.1% less dense than crystalline Si (4.90×1022 atom/cm3 at 300 K). Both relaxed and unrelaxed amorphous Si show identical densities within experimental error (<0.1% density difference).
Minimality and the Rauzy – Veech algorithm for interval exchange transformations with flips

Oriented interval exchange transformations (i.e.t.s) admitting infinite orbit of the Rauzy–Veech operator are minimal. In this paper, we analyse what happens for non-oriented i.e.t.s. In particular, we prove an analogous result for i.e.t.s with flips (Theorem A). We also show that the behaviour of i.e.t.s with flips is different to the one of oriented i.e.t.s, see Proposition 11.
Estimation of a density in a simulation model

The problem of estimating density in a simulation model is considered. Given a value of an -valued random input parameter X, the value of a real-valued random variable is computed. Here is a function which measures the quality of a technical system with input X. It is assumed that X and Y have densities. Given a sample of , the task is to estimate the density of Y. In a first step we estimate m and the density of X. Using these estimators we compute in a second step an estimator of the density of Y. Results concerning the -consistency and the rate of convergence are proven and the finite sample behaviour of the estimators is illustrated by applying them to simulated and real data.
Proton Dose Calculations in Homogeneous Media

In this study, a proton pencil beam dose calculation algorithm was developed for a parallel, monoenergetic beam incident on a homogeneous water phantom. Fermi-Eyges theory (Eyges 1948) was used to transport pencil beams, and the characteristic width of elastic scatter events was modeled using the differential Moliere scattering power (Gottschalk 2010). The incorporation of this scattering power formalism allowed our model to account for multiple Coulomb scattering, single scattering, plural scattering, and rigorously accounted for material effects on scatter. Nonelastic nuclear interactions were incorporated into an additional pencil beam model. The attenuation of primary fluence due to nuclear events was accounted for using a weighted sum of primary and nuclear pencil beam components (Pedroni et al. 2005, Soukup et al. 2005). Free parameters of the nuclear pencil beam model were determined by a non-linear least squares fit to narrow field Monte Carlo data. Our dose calculation model was commissioned using central-axis depth dose data extracted from Monte Carlo simulations. Analytical corrections were incorporated to ensure that all input central-axis data satisfied side scatter equilibrium. The dose calculation model was evaluated against Monte Carlo simulations of dose in a simplified beamline. Proton beam energies of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 MeV and field sizes of 4x4 cm 2 and 10x10 cm 2 were evaluated in three geometries: (1) flat phantom; (2) step phantoms (step heights of 1 and 4 cm); and (3) oblique phantom (rotation angle of 45°). All geometries evaluated with Monte Carlo dose calculations yielded 100% of points passing distance-to-agreement (DTA) ≤ 1 mm or Percent Dose Difference ≤ 3%. At least 99% of points passed with a DTA ≤ 1 mm or Percent Dose Difference ≤ 2%. The pencil beam dose calculation model provided excellent results when compared with Monte Carlo data.
Thermal depoling process and piezoelectric properties of bismuth sodium titanate ceramics

Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT) ceramics were prepared by a conventional ceramic fabrication process. This study revealed that the high conductivity of BNT ceramics is associated with Bi vaporization during sintering. An x-ray study revealed that a tetragonal phase exists in the temperature range between 330 and 480 °C in BNT ceramic as well as BNT single crystals. In addition, the depolarization temperature Td, rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition temperature TR-T, and the temperature Tm of the maximum dielectric constant were determined to be 187, approximately 300, and 325 °C, respectively, from the temperature dependences of dielectric properties using unpoled and poled specimens. The piezoelectric properties of all vibration modes and the temperature dependences of the piezoelectric properties were measured using fully poled BNT ceramics. It was also revealed that BNT ceramics exhibit three thermal depoling processes at Td, between Td and TR-T, and between TR-T and Tm .
Vortex patterns and energies in a rotating superfluid

The two-dimensional vortex patterns that occur in a rotating cylinder of superfluid /sup 4/He are systematically ordered for numbers of vortices N=1,2,. ,30,37,50 using a prescription for their free energy that is independent of angular velocity and is based upon the justified omission of images. Barrier energies between patterns of the same N and of neighboring N are discussed. A new derivation of the vortex free energy for perfect square and triangular lattices gives the result in terms of GAMMA (x). Patterns that are expected to display high triangular symmetry are studied up to N=217, but circular distortion strongly reduces the region of triangular symmetry even in an unbounded fluid, as shown by the scattering structure factor. According to calculations on arrays containing over one-million vortices, the destabilizing velocity at the vortex position R in a finite circular region of a perfect triangular lattice is proportional to (R/R/sub 0/)/sup 5/, where R/sub 0/ is the radius of the circular region.
Some effects of upstream turbulence on the unsteady lift forces imposed on prismatic two dimensional bodies

Measurements of fluctuating lift are reported from four fixed rectangular prisms and a fixed circular cylinder, for various intensities of turbulence in the oncoming stream. Variations of unsteady lift with intensity of small scale turbulence are similar to present (and previous) measured variations of mean drag or base pressure. Reasons are suggested for these trends. Observations are also reported of the maximum (resonant) RMS amplitude of two cylinders, one square and the other circular in cross section, free to move in the cross stream direction. Small scale free stream turbulence provided by the wake of a small upstream rod increased the resonant amplitude of motion in both cases, the greater increase (and subsequent decrease) occurring for the square section. Two possible explanations for these observations are advanced.
First trimester screening and prediction of preeclampsia by Application of Fetal Medicine Foundation Algorithm at Tanta University

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex illness linked to conception that affects a variety of bodily functions and is usually connected with perinatal morbidity and deaths. Early PE anticipation will reduce this linked morbidity and death by allowing for routine maternal and foetal monitoring and the use of preventative measures. Aim of the work : the goal of this study is to investigate whether the measurement of maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) combined with uterine artery Doppler ultrasound, are useful in early predicting PE and to examine the diagnostic accuracy of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) Algorithm for the early screening and anticipation of the high-risk PE at 11-13
Cardiovascular Outcomes according to Comorbidities and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background There are no clear data to support the cardiovascular (CV) risk categories and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals in Korean people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) according to comorbidities and suggested LDL-C treatment goals in Korean people with T2DM in nationwide cohort data. Methods Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 248,002 people aged 30 to 90 years with T2DM who underwent routine health check-ups during 2009 were included. Subjects with previous CVD were excluded from the study. The primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke during the follow-up period from 2009 to 2018. Results The mean age of the study participants was 59.6±10.9 years, and median follow-up period was 9.3 years. CVD incidence increased in the order of DM duration of 5 years or more (12.04/1,000 person-years), hypertension (HT) (12.27/1,000 personyears), three or more CV risk factors (14.10/1,000 person-years), and chronic kidney disease (18.28/1,000 person-years). The risk of incident CVD increased linearly from an LDL-C level of ≥70 mg/dL in most patients with T2DM. In T2DM patients without HT or with a DM duration of less than 5 years, the CVD incidence increased from LDL-C level of ≥100 mg/dL. Conclusion For primary prevention of CVD in Korean adults with T2DM, it can be helpful to lower LDL-C targets when there are chronic kidney disease, HT, a long duration of diabetes mellitus, or three or more CV risk factors.
Environmentally Responsive Materials for Building Envelopes: A Review on Manufacturing and Biomimicry-Based Approaches

Buildings must adapt and respond dynamically to their environment to reduce their energy loads and mitigate environmental impacts. Several approaches have addressed responsive behavior in buildings, such as adaptive and biomimetic envelopes. However, biomimetic approaches lack sustainability consideration, as conducted in biomimicry approaches. This study provides a comprehensive review of biomimicry approaches to develop responsive envelopes, aiming to understand the connection between material selection and manufacturing. This review of the last five years of building construction and architecture-related studies consisted of a two-phase search query, including keywords that answered three research questions relating to the biomimicry and biomimetic-based building envelopes and their materials and manufacturing and excluding other non-related industrial sectors. The first phase focused on understanding biomimicry approaches implemented in building envelopes by reviewing the mechanisms, species, functions, strategies, materials, and morphology. The second concerned the case studies relating to biomimicry approaches and envelopes. Results highlighted that most of the existing responsive envelope characteristics are achievable with complex materials requiring manufacturing processes with no environmentally friendly techniques. Additive and controlled subtractive manufacturing processes may improve sustainability, but there is still some challenge to developing materials that fully adapt to large-scale and sustainability needs, leaving a significant gap in this field.
Determinants of Magnesium Intake, Zinc Intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) with Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in the Elderly in Klaten Regency

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that the number of diabetics in Indonesia will reach 28.57 million (2045) from 19.47 million (2021). One of the populations that is susceptible to diabetes is the elderly due to decreased organ function. This is a challenge due to the increasing global and Indonesian elderly populations. This study used a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were the elderly (≥ 60 years), as many as 158 people with inclusion criteria. Sampling using multistage random sampling technique. Characteristic data obtained from interviews. BMI was obtained from anthropometric measurements (height and weight). Intake of magnesium and zinc was obtained from 2 times food recal 24 hour and SQ FFQ. Fasting blood sugar data obtained from fasting blood sugar examination. Statistical analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the three variables (Magnesium intake, zinc intake, BMI) could have an effect on fasting blood sugar by 7.2%. The model that occurs is GDP = 150.4 + (1.708*BMI) + (-4.16*Intake of Magnesium) + (-0.063*Intake of Zinc). From this model it can be suggested that the elderly consume foods rich in magnesium and zinc and control BMI to avoid increasing fasting blood sugar levels.
Ocean memory effect on the dynamics of coastal heavy precipitation preceded by a mistral event in the northwestern Mediterranean

In this study, we examine the possible role of 3D oceanic circulation in ‘connecting’ a strong mistral windstorm in the northwestern Mediterranean with a heavy precipitating event in southern France in November 1999. These two events are both governed by intense air–sea exchanges and are only separated by a week. From an atmospheric point of view, these two events may be considered as fully uncorrelated and independent.
Narrative based information: is it the facts or their packaging that matters?

People typically do not acquire new information about the facts of the economy through consulting official statistics; they read or listen to mediatype reports/stories on the economy where the facts are packaged in a story. This paper tests with an experiment whether the explanatory style used in such media-type stories affects individual decision making. We also compare this particular narrative influence with that of the actual facts contained in the story. Our subjects receive a media-type story about the economy before they play a minimum effort game. The media story has either good or bad background facts about the economy and we use the psychological theory of explanatory styles to present these facts in a narrative style designed to engender either optimism or pessimism. We find evidence that the explanatory style matters more than facts in the sense that optimistic styles support higher equilibria than pessimistic ones while the influence of the facts itself is weaker.
The Diagnostic Odyssey of Patients with Chronic Neuropathic Pain—Expert Opinion of Greek Pain Specialists

The diagnosis of chronic neuropathic pain requires a laborious process and can be a very long journey for the patients, one that can be characterized as an “odyssey. ” Our aim was to describe the “diagnostic odyssey” associated with chronic neuropathic pain in the Greek context. Specialized clinicians working at dedicated chronic pain and palliative care centers were asked to participate in a survey regarding the diagnostic process in Greece. In total, 44 respondents provided information on the organization of their centers, the diagnostic process, and the perceived obstacles involved in the diagnosis of chronic neuropathic pain. Most respondents reported that their centers were not fully or efficiently organized and believed that additional specialized healthcare personnel should be employed. Raising public awareness about the existence of such centers was also considered key. The two main obstacles in reaching a diagnosis were the difficulty non-experts had in recognizing chronic neuropathic pain and the lack of acknowledgement that chronic neuropathic pain is a condition that needs to be addressed. When considering these responses in light of the extended socioeconomic burden associated with chronic neuropathic pain, efforts should be made to limit the “diagnostic odyssey” of chronic neuropathic pain in Greece. The aim of this study is to explore the experience of patients with chronic neuropathic pain in Greece from the viewpoint of pain specialists. A better organization of pain and palliative care centers, facilitation of communication with previously treating clinicians, increased personnel, utilization of a chronic pain registry, and guidelines development can aid in this venture. Keypoints: The diagnosis of chronic neuropathic pain in Greece is a laborious and time-consuming process that needs to be refined; Greek clinicians believe that their centers were not fully or efficiently organized and think that additional specialized healthcare personnel should be employed; Patient comorbidities and retards in visiting a clinic at the onset of symptoms delay the diagnosis of neuropathic pain and may complicate subsequent care; The diagnostic delay has been reported as three years between the onset of symptoms and seeking general medical help and another nine years before a referral to a pain specialist; Neuropathic pain is associated with patient distress and socioeconomic burdens, and diagnostic delays prolong the condition, may allow it to worsen, and utilize valuable healthcare resources without providing effective solutions.
Columnar vortex generation and interaction with a clean or contaminated free surface

The interaction of a columnar vortex with a free surface is studied experimentally. The vortex is generated by a pair of corotating flaps and is visualized by planar laser‐induced fluorescence. When the surface is clean, the vortex is unaffected and remains essentially two dimensional. However, when the surface is contaminated by a relatively viscous monomolecular layer, the vortex dynamics can be significantly altered, resulting in a downward axial flow followed by vortex breakdown.
The relation between Ca bright grains and oscillations in the photosphere

Context. Ca bright grains are small and repetitive brightenings ubiquitously found in the quiet Sun. Aims. The relationship between the formation of Ca bright grains and the dynamics in the chromosphere and the photosphere is studied. Methods. We simultaneously observed the time series of spectra in Ca II H, H α , and Fe I with the horizontal spectrograph of the Domeless Solar Telescope (DST) at Hida Observatory. Results. Our wavelet analysis revealed that the occurrence of Ca II H$_{2V}$ brightenings are correlated with enhanced 5 mHz velocity oscillations in the chromosphere and the photosphere. Conclusions. Ca bright grains can be explained by acoustic shocks in the chromosphere that are associated with 5 mHz oscillations in the photosphere below.
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Detection of Early Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer

Simple Summary Early diagnosis of digestive tract neoplasms is beneficial for maximising the possibility of cure. The diagnostic efficacy of conventional endoscopy is currently limited. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) can magnify tissue to the cellular level, which is beneficial for endoscopic biopsy. Currently, its clinical application has attracted wide interest among endoscopists. Many studies have explored its application potential in the early diagnosis of digestive tract tumours. This paper reviewed a large number of clinical studies on CLE in early esophageal and gastric cancers, providing more evidence-based support for endoscopists in making clinical decisions. Abstract Esophageal and gastric cancers are common diseases with high morbidity and mortality; thus, early detection and treatment are beneficial to improve prognosis. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a novel imaging technique that permits the histological analysis of tissues during endoscopy. CLE has been shown to uniquely affect the diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal cancers. Relevant literature was searched using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Despite inherent flaws, CLE can reduce tissue damage and improve diagnostic accuracy to a certain extent. CLE in combination with other imaging methods can help enhance the detection rate and avoid unnecessary biopsies in the management of esophageal or gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. CLE is of great significance in the diagnosis and surveillance of early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Further technical innovations and the standardisation of CLE will make it more responsive to the needs of routine clinical applications.