Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ÉTUDE DE CONTAMINATION, D’ACCUMULATION ET DE MOBILITE DE QUELQUES METAUX LOURDS DANS DES LEGUMES, DES FRUITS ET DES SOLS AGRICOLES SITUES PRES D’UNE DECHARGE INDUSTRIELLE DE L’USINE ALZINC DE LA VILLE DE GHAZAOUET

Alzinc is a ursine situated in the Ghazaouet town western part of the republic of Algeria. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of contamination which soil and plants are burdened with some heavy metals: Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe and As, then the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and plant adjacent of area the alzinc ursine was detected and the interdependence of pollution among all three regions of the environment determined . This paper analyzes the heavy metal contents within a 2-years period in the soil and plants at the beginning of the vegetation period. The presence of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe and As, in the samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Measurements of heavy metal contents were performed at three locations in soil and vegetative parts of three-plant types (plant alimentary) period during summer. The plant samples from the immediate environment of the dumpsite were highly contaminated with Zn, Cd and Mn. Three plants species: grape, artichoke and pepper, particularly, grape met some of the conditions to be classified as accumulators for Zn, Cu, Cd and Fe, consequently, she revealed a health risk for human and livestock due to the spread of the metal pollution from waste dumpsites to agricultural areas.
What is the porosity of a mudrock?

Abstract Several types of porosity (total or physical, advective flow, advective and diffusive transport, and geochemical) can be distinguished in a mudrock. Each may have a different value. Physical porosity is the volume not occupied by mineral grains. Interconnected physical porosity can be found using injection techniques and water-content measurements. Advective and diffusive flow and transport porosities are used when describing the movement of fluids and solutes. Advective porosity relates the average linear velocity of a fluid to its Darcy flux (velocity), and in mudrock is relevant principally to fractures. Diffusive porosity relates diffusion in rock to diffusion in pure water and depends on the diffusing substance and the medium. In mudrock, water diffusion porosities equal water content porosities but solute diffusion porosities are smaller because solutes do not have access to the entire water content of a rock. Inaccessible water may be in pores too small to admit solutes, or present as interlayer or surface-layer water. Geochemical porosity is required to model pore-water composition and reactive transport. It represents the fluid volume in which reactions occur, and for mudrocks, seems equivalent to solute-diffusion porosity. Review of studies of several mudrocks shows halide geochemical porosities from 0.3 to 0.7 of other porosity values. Uncertainties of this size are unimportant for transport calculations, but lead to significant uncertainties in modelled pore-water compositions. To make acceptably accurate calculations of water-rock reactions and transport in mudrock, it is important to define the geochemical porosity.
ChatGPT’s advice is perceived as better than that of professional advice columnists

ChatGPT is a high-performance large language model that has the potential to significantly improve human-computer interactions. It can provide advice on a range of topics, but it is unclear how good this advice is relative to that provided by competent humans, especially in situations where empathy is required. Here, we report the first investigation of whether ChatGPT’s responses are perceived as better than those of humans in a task where humans were attempting to be empathetic. Fifty social dilemma questions were randomly selected from 10 well-known advice columns. In a pre-registered survey, participants (N = 404) were each shown one question, along with the corresponding response by an advice columnist and by ChatGPT. ChatGPT’s advice was perceived as more balanced, complete, empathetic, helpful, and better than the advice provided by professional advice columnists (all values of p < 0.001). Although participants could not determine which response was written by ChatGPT (54%, p = 0.29), most participants preferred that their own social dilemma questions be answered by a human than by a computer (77%, p < 0.001). ChatGPT’s responses were longer than those produced by the advice columnists (mean 280.9 words vs. 142.2 words, p < 0.001). In a second pre-registered survey, each ChatGPT answer was constrained to be approximately the same length as that of the advice columnist (mean 143.2 vs. 142.2 words, p = 0.95). This survey (N = 401) replicated the above findings, showing that the benefit of ChatGPT was not solely due to it writing longer answers.
Foliar applications of a zeolite-based biostimulant affect soil enzyme activity and N uptake in maize and wheat under different levels of nitrogen fertilization

Abstract There is a growing interest in developing agricultural practices that can improve crop performance while preserving natural resources. Plant biostimulants are thought to play a role in reaching this goal, in particular by increasing the nitrogen use efficiency. However, a notable research gap exists concerning the effects of foliar applications of natural zeolites as plant biostimulants on crop performance. To address this knowledge gap, a greenhouse experiment was set up in order to study the response of maize and wheat traits, specifically the biomass productivity and nitrogen uptake, as well as the response of soil extracellular enzymes to the foliar applications of a natural zeolite in combination with different levels of nitrogen fertilization, that is, 100%, 75%, and 50% of the optimal dose. Foliar application of zeolite in wheat and maize plants led to an increase in root nitrogen concentration of about 10%, particularly at the lowest nitrogen fertilization rate. This response was accompanied by an increase in aboveground to belowground uptake nitrogen ratio. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of about 20% in root biomass in both crops with zeolite application across the entire nitrogen fertilization gradient. These plant-level responses were associated with a significant increase in the activity of carbon-degrading and nitrogen-degrading enzymes at the soil level in response to zeolite applications. Our findings provide a compelling proof-of-concept for the beneficial effects of foliar-applied zeolite as a biostimulant for crops, emphasizing the critical need for additional field research to validate our greenhouse results.
A Simulation Analysis of Thermal Effects on Evaporation From Soil

The Richards equation, which expresses the conservation of water in an isothermal soil, has a more general form in a nonisothermal soil. In using the latter, it is necessary to know soil temperature, and modeling becomes considerably more complicated. A detailed, numerical simulation model quantifies the thermal effects for two hypothetical soils under two climates. During characteristic 4-day climatic sequences, in a season of soil heating, diffusion of vapor due to thermally induced vapor concentration gradients suppresses evaporation. The suppression is greatest (5–15% in this set of experiments) under arid conditions. Under these conditions, such thermal vapor diffusion also distorts the usual diurnal pattern of evaporation. Evaporation is generally more sensitive to isothermal than to thermal vapor diffusion. Variations in time and depth of the soil temperature cause corresponding variations in the water transport coefficients. These, in turn, result in biases (2–5%) and diurnal distortions of evaporation rates. Liquid flow attributable to the dependence of matric potential on temperature accounts for about 1% of evaporation in our experiments. In simulations of 1 month duration for each combination of soil and climate, the joint neglect of all thermal effects mentioned above introduces an error of only about 1% in the average evaporation rate and does not distort its time distribution significantly.
Sociodemographic Factors Related to Adverse Donor Reactions in Shenzhen

Background The adverse donor reaction (ADR) means the uncomfortable feeling felt by blood donors during the whole process of blood donation, which can affect the blood donation behavior of blood donors. So, it is very necessary for blood centers to monitor and prevent it. Methods Data about ADRs in Shenzhen Blood Center from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected, and correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 software. Results From January 2018 to December 2022, a total of 1265 ADRs occurred in 642,767 blood donations in Shenzhen Blood Center, with an incidence of 0.20%. Most of the ADRs were mild and occurred during blood collections (>90%). The ADR rate of young individuals aged 18–29 years old was the highest (p<0.0001). In addition, a higher ADR rate was observed in first-time blood donors, whole blood donors, and blood donors who donated in the mobile sites (p<0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of ADRs is related to the sociodemographic factors of blood donors, including age, donation type, donation history, and donation sites. Shenzhen Blood Centers should pay special attention to the process of blood donation among young blood donors aged 18–29 years old, first-time blood donors, whole-blood donors, and blood donors who donate at mobile sites to further reduce the occurrence of ADRs.
Effects of hillslope topography on hydrological responses in a weathered granite mountain, Japan: comparison of the runoff response between the valley‐head and the side slope

To evaluate the effects of hillslope topography on storm runoff in a weathered granite mountain, discharge rate, soil pore water pressures, and water chemistry were observed on two types of hillslope: a valley‐head (a concave hillslope) and a side slope (a planar hillslope). Hydrological responses on the valley‐head and side slope reflected their respective topographic characteristics and varied with the rainfall magnitude. During small rainfall events (<35 mm), runoff from the side slope occurred rapidly relative to the valley‐head. The valley‐head showed little response in storm runoff. As rainfall amounts increased (35–60 mm), the valley‐head yielded a higher flow relative to the side slope. For large rainfall events (>60 mm), runoff from both hillslopes increased with rainfall, although that from the valley‐head was larger than that from the side slope. The differences in the runoff responses were caused by differences in the roles of lower‐slope soils and the convergence of the hillslope. During small rainfall events, the side slope could store little water; in contrast, all rainwater could be stored in the soils at the valley‐head hollow. As the amount of rainfall increased, the subsurface saturated area of the valley‐head extended from the bottom to the upper portion of the slope, with the contributions of transient groundwater via lateral preferential flowpaths due to the high concentration of subsurface water. Conversely, saturated subsurface flow did not contribute to runoff responses, and the subsurface saturated area at the side slope did not extend to the upper slope for the same storm size. During large rainfall events, expansion of the subsurface saturated area was observed in both hillslopes. Thus, differences in the concentration of subsurface water, reflecting hillslope topography, may create differences in the extension of the subsurface saturated area, as well as variability in runoff responses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution area prediction of biofuel crop Jatropha curcas L.

Based on the Worldclim data,predicting the distribution area of Jatropha curcas L.by Bioclim and Domain models which integrated in the Diva-gis software,the results showed that distribution area of J.curcas is mainly in the area from 21N to 30N and 98E to 120E,including southern Sichuan,most parts of Yunnan,southwest Guizhou to border region of Yunnan to Guizhou and Guangxi,central and southern Guangxi,central and southern Guangdong,most parts of Hainan,southeast coast of Fujian and west coast of Taiwan,optimum distribution area is mainly in border region of Sichuan and Yunnan,central of Yunnan,border region of Yunnan to Guizhou and Guangxi,which is from 21N to 27N and 98E to 107E.
The design and use of instruments for counting local lightning flashes

Instruments for counting local lightning flashes are reviewed and reasons are given for selecting one particular design for extensive tests. The importance of the aerial configuration is stressed. A 7 m vertical aerial has been adopted as a standard, and the instruments have normally been adjusted to trigger on a 3-volt signal from a built-in calibrator, corresponding to a field change of about 3 volts/m. With this arrangement, on a day on which thunder is heard, there is usually a maximum hourly count exceeding 30 and a total daily count exceeding 100. The effective range of a counter is defined in statistical terms and techniques for its measurement are discussed. Preliminary estimates of the effective range are derived from observations on a few local storms in England; with the standard instrument it is about 30km. More observations are required to confirm the results, particularly in countries with frequent thunderstorms. Equipment should be standardized so far as possible.
Relational needs frustration: an observational study on the role of negative (dis)engaging emotions

The present study aimed to explore the role of partners’ negative engaging and disengaging emotions in dealing with the frustration of autonomy and relatedness needs during conflict. In an observational study, partners from 141 heterosexual couples participated in a conflict interaction task followed by a video-mediated recall procedure during which they reported their level of relational need frustration and their emotions experienced at different moments during the interaction. Results showed that in partners, more autonomy frustration, experienced at the beginning of the conflict, was accompanied by more concurrent negative disengaging emotions (anger, irritation), whereas more relatedness frustration was accompanied by more negative engaging emotions (hurt, sadness, disappointment). Additionally, the concurrent association between partners’ relatedness frustration and their experience of negative engaging emotions was negatively moderated by their own relatedness relationship beliefs (as assessed by background questionnaires), indicating that for individuals who considered relatedness to be less important, relatedness frustration and negative engaging emotions were more strongly linked than for people with high relatedness beliefs. Finally, negative engaging emotions – assessed at the beginning of the conflict – were associated with more relatedness frustration at a subsequent time point in the interaction in men, but not in women. This study contributes to our understanding of how partners’ negative emotions and the frustration of important relational needs are intertwined.
Training or technical assistance? A field experiment to learn what works to increase managerial capital for female microentrepeneurs

This study evaluates the impacts of a business training program serving female microentrepreneurs in Lima that have previously benefited with the titling of their urban parcels. The intervention included personal development, business management and productive skills, aiming at empowering women so that they improve the control of their lives, their access to credit, their business practices, which in turn would increase the income and welfare of their families. 1983 eligible women were randomly allocated to treatment (2) and control groups. Women in the two treatment groups (1416) were offered business training in 36 three-hour sessions over approximately 12 weeks (regular training). In addition, half of them were offered an individualized support in the form of technical assistance (TA) over a period of three extra months. A baseline survey was applied before randomization and a follow-up survey about four months after the end of the treatment (about 12 months since the beginning of treatment). We find that women assigned to treatment indeed made some important adjustments in their business practices according to the training, although they differ depending on the type of treatment received. Those that received only regular training were more prone to close losing businesses. In turn, those that also received TA, were more prone to plan and execute innovations, as well as to increase their association with business peers and its use of informal credit sources. Furthermore, such innovations led to an increase in sales of at least 18%. These results have a clear policy implication: transmitting general good business practices may be cheaper and more scalable, but we need to include specific advice to help female microentrepreneurs grow. Both, business income and practices effects accrue among those with relatively larger businesses, suggesting the existence of a threshold above which this kind of business training can help. Lack of strong effects on the participation of women in key decisions and attitudes towards gender relations suggest the need to strengthen the personal development module, but such adjustment needs to take into account that time is a scarce resource for female microentrepreneurs as they need to share their time between their businesses and their traditional responsibilities with household chores.
Performance of deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies as first screening for celiac disease in the general pediatric population

Background Celiac serology has evolved, with the identification of newer antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP) [e.g., anti-DGP, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) types] with sensitivity and specificity in detecting celiac disease (CeD) that are equivalent to anti-tissue transglutaminase [anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) IgA]-based tests, particularly in populations with high pretest probability of CeD (prevalence of CeD > 50% of the population under study). This opens the possibility that anti-DGP assays can be used to identify CeD in the general population where the prevalence of CeD is very low (≈1%). Objective This study aimed (1) to determine the diagnostic performance of DGP antibodies-based serologic assays in identifying CeD during the screening of the general population and (2) to compare the levels of anti-DGP antibodies among CeD patients with mild and severe degrees of enteropathy. Methods Serology tests for DGP antibodies (DGP-IgA, DGP-IgG, and conjugate TTG/DGP antibodies) were performed on 104 serum samples of positive TTG-IgA (100 confirmed and four potential celiac patients) and a randomly selected 1,000 negative TTG-IgA serum samples collected during mass screening of children (aged 6–15 years) in 2014–2015. Results Sera from 32 of the 1,000 TTG-IgA negative serum specimens (3.2%) tested positive for one or more of the three anti-DGP serology tests. A total of 13 of the 32 anti-DGP seropositive patients had persistent positive results on follow-up samples in 2020 (1.3%). Eight of the 13 underwent endoscopy with biopsies, and only two had confirmed CeD (both DGP-IgG positive) (0.2%). The sensitivity and specificity of the serology assays were as follows: DGP-IgA (62.7%, 40%), DGP-IgG (80.4%, 100%), and conjugate TTG/DGP (96%, 10%). Based on receiver operating characteristic curves, the area under the curve for DGP-IgG (0.919; 95% CI −0.00406 to 0.114) was comparable to TTG-IgA (0.974; 95% CI 0.924–0.995) (P = 0.0679). Titers of antibodies to DGPs were significantly higher in children with severe intestinal damage than in those in children with mild lesions (P < 0.001). Conclusion The TTG-IgA assay remains the most reliable screening serology test for CeD in mass screening studies. The performance of TTG-IgA has improved marginally by adding DGP-IgG to the mass screening protocol. In CeD patients detected by mass screening, the anti-DGP antibody titer was significantly higher among patients with a severe degree of enteropathy as compared to the group with mild enteropathy.
A secure blood-saving protocol for Jehovah’s Witnesses in primary total hip replacement

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the efficacy of the blood management protocol developed by our team for patients who are Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW) presenting for primary total hip replacement (THR). Patients and methods: Thirty JW patients (6 males, 24 females; mean age: 70.1±9.8 years; range, 65 to 81 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched controls (6 males, 24 females; mean age: 68.7±9.1 years; range, 62 to 79 years) who underwent primary THR at our institution between January 2018 and June 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. While the surgical technique of THR was not different among the groups, blood loss management differed between the groups. Patients in the control group were given 1 g of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) 15 min before the surgical incision. In addition to the same TXA protocol, intraoperative cell salvage with a continuous autologous transfusion system was used for JW patients. The estimated blood loss (EBL) was determined using Meunier's formula. Hemoglobin (Hgb) decline, EBL on the first and third postoperative days, allogenic blood transfusion (ABT) requirement, and complications were analyzed between groups. Results: There were no significant differences between groups regarding demographic and clinical characteristics (p>0.05), ABT requirement (p>0.999), and Hgb decline in the first and third postoperative days (p=0.540 and p=0.836, respectively). Furthermore, both groups did not significantly differ between EBL in the first and third postoperative days (p=0.396 and p=0.616, respectively) and the length of hospital stay (p=0.547). Similar complication rates were noted for both groups. Hemoglobin level assessments revealed that values on the first and third postoperative days were significantly lower than the baseline Hgb value in both cohorts (p<0.001). Conclusion: A combination of intravenous administration of 1 g of TXA, meticulous hemostasis, and intraoperative use of cell saver constitutes a reasonable strategy for achieving the goal of transfusion-free primary THR with predictable levels of blood loss that are similar to non-JW patients.
Robust whole-hand spatial manipulation via energy maps with caging, rolling, and sliding

Humans regularly use all inner surfaces of the hand during manipulation, whereas traditional formulations for robots tend to use only the tips of their fingers, limiting overall dexterity. In this paper, we explore the use of the whole hand during spatial robotic dexterous within-hand manipulation. We present a novel four-fingered robotic hand called the Model B, which is designed and controlled using a straight-forward potential energy-based motion model that is based on the hand configuration and applied actuator torques. In this way the hand-object system is driven to a new desired configuration, often through sliding and rolling between the object and hand, and with the fingers “caging” the object to prevent ejection. This paper presents the first ever application of the energy model in three dimensions, which was used to compare the theoretical manipulability of popular robotic hands, which then inspired the design of the Model B. We experimentally validate the hand’s performance with extensive benchtop experimentation with test objects and real world objects, as well as on a robotic arm, and demonstrate complex spatial caging manipulation on a variety of objects in all six object dimensions (three translation and three rotation) using all inner surfaces of the fingers and the palm.