Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Kazakh Rural Households towards Joining and Creating Cooperatives

The government of Kazakhstan is currently developing strategies and policies to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level to increase milk processing capacity. We use and expand the reasoned action approach as a framework to study the factors underlying the rural household’s motivation to participate in a governmental programme aimed at increasing rural cooperative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production using primary data acquired from 181 randomly selected dairy households in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. We account for the rural household’s psychological factors and socio-demographic characteristics along with the household’s risk attitudes, production structure, level of information about the government support programme and cooperatives, cultural aspects as well as the household’s proximity to the main market. A bivariate probit model is used to jointly estimate the impact of these factors on the rural household’s intention to join and create a cooperative. The results show that rural households which hold positive views towards cooperatives, have a relatively high production capacity, are aware/know of cooperatives, and do not have a dairy business as a source of household income are relatively keen to participate in collective actions. Perceived social norms and household risk attitudes also play a significant role in the rural household’s intention to participate in collective actions. Finally, gender and nationality are found to be positively associated with joining and creating a cooperative, while higher educated rural households are found to be less motivated to participate in the programme. In order to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level through a policy that encourages collective action, we recommend a policy that (a) supports rural households which have the capacity to produce and are in need; (b) is attractive to rural households which consider dairy as a source of income; and (c) is well disseminated and well explained to the targeted rural households.
Saudi EFL learners’ Perceptions of The Use of Corpora in Academic Writing Teaching

The study explores Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions of the effect of applying corpus-based approach as a pedagogical approach on academic writing instruction. The purpose of the study is to evaluate students’ perspectives towards using corpus-based activities on their academic writing learning, more precisely, their lexico-grammatical abilities. In the study, seven female preparatory year students at an intermediate language proficiency level participated. Learners were asked to compose written tasks during three weeks using corpus tools. To explore learners’ attitudes, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results of the interviews suggest that learners have positive attitudes towards the corpus-based approach to their academic writing performance. Based on the results of the interviews, four themes were found to be recurrent in learners’ responses, which are: Increasing Learners’ Confidence as EFL Writers, Fostering learners’ Language Awareness, Providing Availability of Input, and Promoting Learners’ Autonomy .
Analysis of the internal logic of breaking using temporal and sequential parameters

ABSTRACT Quantifying the effort of a sport confrontation by determining its temporal structure concerns the scientific community. It has not yet been studied in breaking. The objective was to determine the temporal and sequential structure of men and women breakers. All of the men and women dancers participated in Red Bull BC One 2018 and 2019 (32 women and 32 men). Through observational methodology, we analysed all of the battles (n = 60). In order to obtain the results, we utilised different analytical techniques: descriptive, One-Factor ANOVA, independent sample t-test, effect size and T-Patterns analysis. The level of significance established for the study was ρ ≤ 0.05. The results defined a temporal and sequential structure of the battles of the men and women. Using these results, the breaking professionals would be able to develop precise and adequate training for these athletes. We concluded that there are clear differences between the B-Boys’ and B-Girls’ battles. The men have longer battles, and they use explosive and dynamic movement patterns (Power Move) that lead to shorter and more intense rounds. The women have longer rounds, using patterns with artistic and rhythmic movements (Footwork, Top Rock and Freeze) that lead to less intense outputs, but nevertheless, longer.
Evaluation of the critical success factors for sustainable housing delivery: analytic hierarchy process approach

Purpose Despite the varied housing policies guiding the Nigerian housing provision, its delivery is yet to level up with the global acceptable sustainability requirements. Previous studies revealed that developing countries are yet to unravel and embrace the tenets of sustainable housing delivery. This study, therefore, adopted the analytic hierarchy process survey in evaluating the critical success factors (CSFs) that can enhance the delivery of sustainable housing and, in turn, meeting the nation’s sustainable housing needs. Design/methodology/approach Data for the study was sourced from housing developers in Nigeria. A pilot survey was done to reduce the identified success factors into a manageable size. These factors were evaluated using the analytical hierarchy process to ascertain the significant factors for sustainable housing delivery in developing economies. Findings Findings from the study revealed that government funding towards sustainable housing, access to low-interest housing loan, mandating affordable housing development, ensuring community participation during housing delivery, the involvement of housing stakeholders, ensuring the security of life and properties, use of sustainable materials, adaptable housing design and befitting land use are the significant CSFs required for enhancing sustainable housing delivery. Practical implications The findings of this study seek to inform developers, practitioners and policymakers on the CSFs crucial for sustainability attainment in the built environment. Originality/value The CSFs are quite important and they would promote government sustainability programmes, meeting housing needs and if well implemented and adopted thereby solving environmental and socio-economic challenges of traditional housing development. This research has added to the existing literature on sustainable housing delivery by providing information on inclusive CSFs that would enhance the delivery of sustainable housing in the developing economy. Further research of this nature can also be carried out to compare and contrast with other developing economies.
Evaluation of the large EURO‐CORDEX regional climate model ensemble

The use of regional climate model (RCM) ‐ based projections for providing regional climate information in a research and climate service contexts is currently expanding very fast. This has been possible thanks to a considerable effort in developing comprehensive ensembles of RCM projections, especially for Europe, in the EURO ‐ CORDEX community (Jacob et al., 2014, 2020). As of end of 2019, EURO ‐ CORDEX has developed a set of 55 historical and scenario projections (RCP8.5) using 8 driving global climate models (GCMs) and 11 RCMs. This article presents the ensemble including its design. We target the analysis to better characterize the quality of the RCMs by providing an evaluation of these RCM simulations over a number of classical climate variables and extreme and impact ‐ oriented indices for the period 1981 – 2010. For the main variables, the model simulations generally agree with observations and reanalyses. However, several systematic biases are found as well, with shared responsibilities among RCMs and GCMs: Simulations are overall too cold, too wet, and too windy compared to available observations or reanalyses. Some simulations show strong systematic biases on temperature, others on precipitation or dynamical variables, but none of the models/simulations can be de ﬁ ned as the best or the worst on all criteria. The article aims at supporting a proper use of these simulations within a climate services context.
Relationship between Olsen P and Ammonium Lactate–Extractable P in Portuguese Acid Soils

The soil phosphorus (P) test in Portugal is based on extraction with ammonium lactate (AL) at acidic pH. Because this test is rarely used in other countries, it is desirable to see whether the AL-P values correlate with the more commonly used P tests. In this work, we compared AL-P with bicarbonate-extractable P (Olsen's method) for a group of 48 samples from Portuguese acidic soils differing widely in P status. Despite their contrasting composition, both reagents extracted phosphate from the same sources, albeit in different proportions. Both Olsen P and AL-P were strongly correlated with resin-extractable and dilute electrolyte-desorbable P, which are respectively related to the soil contents in phytoavailable P and P that can be released to runoff or drainage water. Olsen P and AL-P were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.870), the correlation became stronger when three overfertilized soils were excluded (Olsen P = 2.35 + 0.45 AL-P; R2 = 0.908; P ≤ 0.001, n = 45). No correlation was observed for a group of soils recently fertilized with Gafsa phosphate probably because the acidic AL reagent dissolved residual calcium phosphate, thus overestimating the soil content in desorbable P. On the basis of the present results and the AL-P-based fertility classes used for fertilizer recommendation purposes, Olsen P–based fertility classes were tentatively proposed for Portuguese acidic soils.
The Alveolar Ridge Splitting Technique on Maxillae: A Biomechanical Human Cadaveric Investigation

The alveolar ridge splitting technique (ARST) offers an alternative to classic ridge augmentation techniques for successful insertion of dental implants. However, the buccal lamella is at risk of fracturing during ARST distraction. To better understand the fracture mechanisms and displacement limits of the split lamella, this study conducted biomechanical tests on human cadaveric maxilla specimens having extremely atrophied alveolar ridges treated with ARST. A total of 12 standardized alveolar splits were prepared on the maxillae of 3 elderly female donors using an oscillating piezoelectric saw. Mimicking the surgical distraction process of the lamella, each split was tested to failure using a dental osteotome attached to the crosshead of an electromechanical testing system. All specimens were scanned by means of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography prior to and post testing to evaluate split geometries and failure modes. Split stiffness, failure force, and displacement were 27.4 ± 18.7 N/mm, 12.0 ± 8.4 N, and 0.97 ± 0.31 mm, with no significant differences between anatomical sides and split locations (p ≥ 0.17). Stiffness correlated significantly with failure force (R2 = 0.71, p < 0.01). None of the alveolar split widths correlated significantly with the outcomes from biomechanical testing (p ≥ 0.10). The results suggest that simple geometrical measures do not predict the allowed extent of lamella distraction prior to failure. More sophisticated methods are required for surgical planning to optimize the ARST outcomes. Still, the present study may advocate a clinical protocol for the maxilla where the implant site is prepared directly after osteotomy setting and immediately before full lamella dislocation, when the lamella is still stable, resistant to mechanical stress, and bone loss caused by the abrasion of the burr is minimized.
Biochar amendment to coarse sandy subsoil improves root growth and increases water retention

Crop yields and yield potentials on Danish coarse sandy soils are strongly limited due to restricted root growth and poor water and nutrient retention. We investigated if biochar amendment to subsoil can improve root development in barley and significantly increase soil water retention. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Anakin) was grown in soil columns (diameter: 30 cm) prepared with 25 cm topsoil, 75 cm biochar‐amended subsoil, and 30 cm un‐amended subsoil lowermost placed on an impervious surface. Low‐temperature gasification straw‐biochar (at 0, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt%) and slow pyrolysis hardwood‐biochar (at 2 wt%) were investigated. One wt% can be scaled up to 102 Mg/ha of char. After full irrigation and drainage, the in‐situ moisture content at 30‐80 cm depth increased linearly (R2 = 0.99) with straw‐biochar content at a rate corresponding to 0.029 m3/m3/%. The lab determined wilting point also increased linearly with char content (R2 = 0.99) but at a much lower rate (0.003 m3/m3/%). Biochar at concentrations up to 2% significantly increased the density of roots in the 40–80 cm depth interval. Addition of 1% straw‐biochar had the most positive effect on root penetration resulting in the highest average root density (54% coverage compared to 33% without biochar). This treatment also resulted in the greatest spring barley grain yield increase (22%). Improving the quality of sandy subsoils has global potentials, and incorporation of the right amount of correctly treated residues from bioenergy technologies such as straw‐biochar is a promising option.
Ordered morphologies in binary blends of diblock copolymer and homopolymer and characterization of their intermaterial dividing surfaces

Binary blends of a lamellar poly(styrene‐b‐isoprene) diblock copolymer and homopolystyrenes of various molecular weights self‐assembled into highly ordered morphologies upon solvent evaporation. The equilibrium blend morphologies were studied by transmission electron microscopy and small angle x‐ray scattering. The type of ordered morphology (lamellae, the ordered bicontinuous double diamond morphology, cylinders on a hexagonal lattice, and spheres on a cubic lattice) observed in each blend was generally dictated by the overall polystyrene volume fraction in the blend, i.e., the homopolymer concentration. The blend morphology also depended on the homopolymer molecular weight at a single fixed composition. The intermaterial dividing surface between the polystyrene and the polyisoprene microdomains was characterized by the interfacial mean curvature (H) and the average area per copolymer junction (σj). H and σj increased as the homopolymer concentration increased and/or as the homopolymer molecular weight d.
Investigating Nonnative TEFL Students’ Self-Regulation in an Online Learning Environment

Coping with technological revolution has become unavoidable in the educational process. In addition to the various advantages of integrating technology into the traditional classroom, utilizing it has been compulsory as an inevitable solution to a global crisis such as the Coronavirus pandemic that we face these days. The present study, using a case study design, aims at exploring self-regulatory strategies that undergraduate university students practice while engaging in virtual classrooms. Participants of the study were 187 university students from all levels. They are all majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL). Data were collected using mixed method approach in which two tools of measurement were used in the research. An online questionnaire was administered to the participants, then online focus group interviews were conducted. Data gathered were analyzed statistically and findings revealed that non-native TEFL students are high-level self-regulatory learners with no significant effect of university level on students’ self-regulation. In addition, pedagogical recommendations were displayed.
Redox Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by New Water-Soluble Rh(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes

New water-soluble, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or mixed NHC/tertiary phosphine complexes [RhCl(cod)(sSIMes)], Na2[Rh(bmim)(cod)(mtppts)], and [Rh(bmim)(cod)(pta)]BF4 were synthetized and applied for the first time as catalysts in redox isomerization of allylic alcohols in aqueous media. [RhCl(cod)(sSIMes)] (with added sulfonated triphenylphosphine) and [Rh(bmim)(cod)(pta)]BF4 catalyzed selectively the transformation of allylic alcohols to the corresponding ketones. The highest catalytic activity, TOF = 152 h−1 (TOF = (mol reacted substrate) × (mol catalyst × time)−1) was observed in redox isomerization of hept-1-en-3-ol ([S]/[cat] = 100). The catalysts were reused in the aqueous phase at least three times, with only modest loss of the catalytic activity and selectivity.
Between principals’ and a teacher’s perspective taking: the role of transformational and transactional leadership styles

ABSTRACT Using a social cognition framework and based on leadership style theory, the current research examines whether principals’ perspective taking as a complex cognitive process (consisting of two dimensions—empathy and positive attribution) toward main stakeholders affects teachers’ assessment of their leadership style, which in turn may affect an individual teacher’s perspective taking. I further examine the indirect effects of principals’ perspective taking on a teacher’s perspective taking through the effect of transformational leadership style. Participants were 1315 teachers and 105 principals from 105 Israeli elementary schools. Using multilevel structural equation modeling and different data sources, it was found that principals’ perspective taking only promotes a teacher’s perspective taking through the effect of transformational leadership style. Furthermore, only the dimension of principals’ positive attribution was related to transactional leadership style, while the latter was not related to a teacher’s perspective taking. Theoretical and practical implications for the effects of leaders’ cognitive attributes on an individual teacher are discussed.
Unspecified verticality of Franck–Condon transitions, absorption and emission spectra of cyanine dyes, and a classically inspired approximation

The computed vertical energy, Ev,a/f, from the equilibrium geometry of the initial electronic state is frequently considered as representative of the experimental excitation/emission energy, Eabs/fl = hc/λmax. Application of the quantum mechanical version of the Franck–Condon principle does not involve precise specification of nuclear positions before, after, or during an electronic transition. Moreover, the duration of an electronic transition is not experimentally accessible in spectra with resolved vibrational structure. It is shown that computed vibronic spectra based on TDDFT methods and application of quantum mechanical FC analysis predict Eabs = hc/λmax with a 10-fold improvement in accuracy compared to Ev,a for nine cyanine dyes. It is argued that part of the reason for accuracy when this FC analysis is compared to experiment as opposed to Ev,a/f is the unspecified verticality of transitions in the context of the quantum version of the FC principle. Classical FC transitions that preserve nuclear kinetic energy before and after an electronic transition were previously found to occur at a weighted average of final and initial electronic state molecular geometries known as the r-centroid. Inspired by this approach a qualitative method using computed vertical and adiabatic energies and the harmonic approximation is developed and applied yielding a 5-fold improvement in accuracy compared to Ev,a. This improvement results from the dominance of low frequency vibronic transitions in the cyanine dye major band. The model gives insight into the nature of the redshift when qPCR dye EvaGreen is complexed to λDNA and is applicable to the low frequency band of similar non cyanine dyes such as curcumin. It is found that the computed vibronic cyanine dye spectra from time-dependent FC analysis at 0 K and 298 K show decreased intensity at higher temperature suggestive of increased intensity with restricted motion shown when cyanine dyes are used in biomedical imaging. A 2-layer ONIOM model of the DNA minor groove indicates restricted motion of the TC-1 dye excited state in this setting indicative of enhanced fluorescence.
Effects of nomophobia on anxiety, stress and depression among Saudi medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in medical students, and to analyse effects of demographics and nomophobia on depression, anxiety and stress. Method The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from April 1 to May 23, 2019, and comprised male and female medical students aged 19-25 years. Data was collected using a demographic information form, the 21-item depression, anxiety and stress scale and the 20-item nomophobia questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS Of the 230 students, 108(47%) were boys and 122 (53%) were girls. The overall mean age was 21.93±1.80 years. Anxiety, depression and stress was reported in 168 (74.6%), 158 (70.2%) and 127 (55.9%) of the students. Extremely severe anxiety, depression and stress were self-reported by 92 (40.9%), 38 (16.8%) and 16 (7.04%) students. There was a significant difference in the distribution of subjects within different levels of anxiety across gender (p<0.05). Higher anxiety and stress scores were observed in 78 (33.9%) students with severe nomophobia. Differences in the levels of anxiety and stress with regards to type of residence and nomophobia levels were significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress associated with gender, nomophobia levels and residence type.
Characterization and FTIR Studies of MnOx−CeO2 Catalyst for Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3

A series of high-activity manganese−cerium oxide catalysts for the low-temperature (373−453 K) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia were prepared. They were prepared by using the citric acid method (CA), coprecipitation method (CP), and impregnation method (IM) and were characterized by XRD, ESR, XPS, and FTIR techniques. A sample prepared by the CA method, MnOx(0.3)−CeO2(923), showed the highest activity. XRD results showed that the catalyst prepared by the CA method had the smallest particle size and the weakest XRD peak intensity. Using ESR and XPS, Mn4+, Mn3+, and Mn2+ oxide species were found after calcination in air. Three kinds of Mn phases existed in the MnOx−CeO2 catalysts that were prepared by the CA method: (1) aggregated Mn2O3 on the CeO2 support, (2) highly dispersed Mn2O3 with strong interactions with CeO2, and (3) Mn atoms incorporated into the CeO2 lattice. The distribution of Mn species depends on the preparation methods. Any oxygen vacancy formed in the CeO2 lattice c.