Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Calcium Soaps of Animal Fats on Performance , Abdominal Fat Fatty Acid Composition , Bone Biomechanical Properties , and Tibia Mineral Concentration of Broilers

This study evaluated the effects of a graded concentration of dietary calcium soaps of tallow (CST) supplementation on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, abdominal fat fatty acid profile, bone biomechanical properties, and bone mineral composition. One hundred and forty 11-d-old male broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 5 replicate pens containing 7 birds per each. The birds received cornsoybean meal based diet and CST (CST0, CST10, CST20, and CST30, respectively) was included in the grower (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg) and finisher (0, 15, 30, and 45 g/kg) diet at the expense of vegetable acid oil and limestone. Dietary supplementations had no significant effect on BWG and FI during the entire experimental period. However, FCR was improved in CST0 and CST10 groups in comparison to those of the CST20 group from d 11 to d 42. According to the present study result, dietary supplementation of low level of CST significantly influenced intestinal microarchitecture of the jejunum and ileum by improving villus height/crypt ratio and villus height, respectively. Femur (P=0.001) and tibia (P=0.020) stiffness increased linearly with the increasing level of dietary CST. Tibia Ca (P=0.009) and P (P=0.009) concentration of CST10 and CST30 groups were lower than the CST0 group. Increasing levels of CST in diets significantly reduced the Fe and Mn concentrations in tibia samples. In conclusion, supplementation of CST has no detrimental effect on broiler performance parameters and might be used as an alternative dietary fat source in the broiler industry.
Trade Secrets Protection and Antitakeover Provisions

How do firms protect their human capital? We test whether firms facing an increased threat of being acquired strengthen their antitakeover provisions (ATPs) in order to bond with their employees. We use the adoption of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) by US state courts, which exogenously decreases knowledge-worker mobility, thus elevating takeover risk and reducing employee incentives to innovate. Firms respond to IDD adoption by strengthening ATPs that defend against hostile takeovers, especially when they have greater ex-ante human capital and place greater importance on employee relations. Ex-post increases in employee morale, productivity, innovation, and accounting performance suggest that strengthening ATPs helps offset the negative consequences of IDD adoption. Our findings show that ATPs can be used to credibly commit to employees in order to protect long-term value creation.
Electoral Uncertainty, the Deficit Bias and the Electoral Cycle in a New Keynesian Economy

Recent attempts to incorporate optimal fiscal policy into New Keynesian models subject to nominal inertia, have tended to assume that policy makers are benevolent and have access to a commitment technology. A separate literature, on the New Political Economy, has focused on real economies where there is strategic use of policy instruments in a world of political conflict. In this paper we combine these literatures and assume that policy is set in a New Keynesian economy by one of two policy makers facing electoral uncertainty (in terms of infrequent elections and an endogenous voting mechanism). The policy makers generally share the social welfare function, but differ in their preferences over fiscal expenditure (in its size and/or composition). We use this model to examine three issues that arise from either literature. First, we consider the extent to which electoral competition gives rise to a debt or deficit bias, as one party seeks to win elections and tie the hands of a potential successor, when all debt is defined in nominal terms. Second we examine the extent and nature of the electoral cycle introduced by having two parties reflecting different preferences over either the composition or amount of government spending. Third, we examine whether electoral competition has any impact on the conventional business cycle stabilisation policy, compared to the standard analysis that assumes a single benevolent government.
The Economic Determinants of Political Violence : Evidence from the Occupied Palestinian Territories ∗

Do economic conditions matter for political violence? The existing empirical literature shows little evidence of a correlation between poor economic conditions and willingness to engage in political violence. Establishing a causal relationship between the two is problematic due to simultaneity and omitted variables bias. In this paper, we exploit the restrictions imposed by Israel on imports to the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as a quasi-experiment. Motivated by internal security considerations, Israel issued in 2008 a list of goods and materials subject to severe import restrictions, de facto banning a number of production inputs from entering the Occupied Palestinian Territories. We frame the issuance of such list as a negative exogenous shock to economic conditions, and implement an empirical strategy in two steps. In the first step, we show how restrictions in the accessibility of listed materials decreased firm performance and wages in those sectors which use those materials more intensively as production inputs. In the second step, we demonstrate that episodes of political violence were more likely to occur in those districts where the list had the largest negative effect in economic terms. To measure the incidence of political violence, we use attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, including the number of fatalities among Israeli civilians as well as the number of Palestinians in the custody of the Israeli Prison Service. Our paper contributes to the literature on the political economy of violence and economic sanctions.
Helminths That Are Detected by Necropsy in Wrestling Camels

The present study aims to carry out a helminthological examination and epizootiological determination of the parasites that were detected by the parasitological examination in the carcasses and internal organs of wrestling camels that were slaughtered due to miscellaneous reasons. The material of the study comprised wrestling camels that were sent to the slaughterhouse for various reasons including sickness, old age, and underperformance due to an unknown cause. The present study was conducted on 24 male wrestling camels of ages ranging between 5 to 20 years. After slaughtering, the carcasses and internal organs were examined parasitologically. All internal organs, except for abomasum and intestines, were macroscopically analyzed in the slaughterhouse to determine whether any helminth larvae or adult helminths were present and those that bore traces of a parasitic period were brought to the laboratory for further analysis. For the examination of the digestive system, abomasa, and intestines, along with their contents, were brought to the laboratory to perform macroscopic and microscopic analyses by following appropriate methods. At least one helminth infection was seen in 14 (58%) of 24 camels in necropsy. The analysis of the organs revealed hydatid cysts in 12 (50%) animals, which were localized in the lungs of 7 animals, livers of 3 animals, both in the lung and liver of one animal and in the spleen of another animal. By examining the stomachs and intestines of the animals, Stilesia globipunctata was detected in the small intestines of 3 camels (12.5%), while Nematodirus filicollis was detected in the small intestine of one animal (4.1%), and Oesophagostomum venulosum was detected in the large intestine of the same animal (4.1%). Neither helminth larvae nor adult helminths were observed in other organs. The presence of hydatid cysts in over fifty percent of the examined camels is noteworthy. As a disease of great importance for public health, its prevalence in camels brings forth the absolute requirement for slaughtering animals in slaughterhouses or under the control of a veterinary physician. This study is the first one to report the occurrence of Stilesia globipunctata, Nematodirus filicollis and Oesophagostomum venulosum in camels at species level.
12CO J = 1 → 0 Observations of the Circinus Galaxy using the Mopra 22 m Radio Telescope

Abstract The J = 1–0 rotational transition of carbon monoxide has been used to trace the molecular gas at five different positions in the Circinus galaxy using the Australia Telescope National Facility's 22 m radio telescope at Mopra. The intensity profile of the central CO emission has a full width at half maximum of 550 pc. The 12CO (1–0) spectrum at the centre of the galaxy has an integrated temperature of 145 K km S−1, with components peaking at 0·62 K and ranging in velocity from 200–600 km S−1. The total mass of molecular gas in the Circinus galaxy, assuming that the CO intensity profile of the galaxy is similar to the radio continuum, is at least 7·5±4·1 × 108 M⊙. This estimate, combined with previously published far infrared data, yields a value for the star-forming efficiency, SFE = 16±9 L⊙ M⊙ ‒1.
Epirubicin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells through upregulating p 21 cip 1 expression

Increasing evidence suggested that epirubicin possess antitumor effect, and could be used in cancer chemotherapy. However, the role of epirubicin in breast cancer remains unclear. Therefore, in this context, the present study investigated the effects of epirubicin on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D) proliferation, apoptosis, as well as the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that epirubicin inhibited the proliferation of both MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells, with timeand concentration-dependent manners. Specifically, we observed that MCF-7cell lines treatment with epirubicin had an obvious cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.01), although it has no effect on apoptosis. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of epirubicin on p21cip1 expressionin MCF-7 and T47D cells, and found that epirubicin increased the expression of p21cip1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of p21cip1 significantly reversed epirubicin-inhibited cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, as compared with the control group, and also reversed epirubicin-inhibited cell cycle arrest the G0/G1 phase in breast cancer cell lines. Taken together, it is, therefore, concluded that epirubicin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells through upregulating p21cip1 expression. Therefore, epirubicin may represent a chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent in the prevention of breast cancer. However, further more studies need to be carried out to verify this point.
Yield and water use of a ryegrass / white clover sward under different nitrogen and irrigation regimes

We investigated how N availability affected the wateruse efficiency (WUE) of a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward under different soil moisture regimes at Lincoln. Four combinations of ± N fertiliser and ± irrigation (I) were applied to plots rotationally grazed by sheep, and WUE (yield/water used) was measured from August 2011 to May 2013. The +N swards had a higher annual WUE than –N swards (27 vs 19 kg DM/ ha/mm) due to greater yields for the same amount of water used. This was associated with higher N contents in the +N grass herbage. The N response of WUE was consistent across soil moisture regimes and for most of each year. Irrigation did not affect annual WUE because the +I swards yielded more herbage but used more water than the –I swards. The results suggest that high WUE can be achieved by strategic applications of N fertiliser, use of pure legume swards, and through management that encourages clover growth in grass/clover swards.
An Improved Dynamic Vertical Partitioning Technique for Semi-Structured Data

Semi-structured data such as JSON has become the de facto standard for supporting data exchange on the Web. At the same time, relational support for JSON data poses new challenges due to the large number of attributes, sparse attributes and dynamic changes in both workload and data set, which are all typical in such data. In this paper, we address these challenges through a lightweight, in-memory relational database engine prototype and a flexible vertical partitioning algorithm that uses simple heuristics to adapt the data layout for the workload, on the fly. Our experimental evaluation using the Nobench dataset for JSON data, shows that we outperform Argo, a state-of-the-art data model that also maps the JSON data format into relational databases, by a factor of 3. We also outperform Hyrise, a state-of-the-art vertical partitioning algorithm designed for in-memory databases, by 24%. Furthermore, our algorithm is able to achieve around 40% better cache utilization and 35% better TLB utilization. Our experiments also show that our partitioning algorithm adapts to workload changes within a few seconds.
Geneticdiversityand biogeographyof haloalkaliphilic sulphur-oxidizing bacteria belonging to thegenusThioalkalivibrio

oxidizing bacteria belonging to thegenusThioalkalivibrio Mirjam Foti, Shengbin Ma, Dimitry Yu. Sorokin, Jan L.W. Rademaker, J. Gijs Kuenen & Gerard Muyzer Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Wynogradski Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; and NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands
Molecular Typing and Drug Resistance Analysis of Salmonella spp . Isolated from Pig Slaughterhouse in Shandong Province , China

An epidemiological investigation of Salmonella enteritidis in pig and pork samples from eight slaughterhouses in Shandong Province, China, was conducted from December 2014 to October 2015. A total of 22.2% (142/640), of the slaughterhouse samples were recovered positive for Salmonella spp. All Salmonella-positive were characterized using serotyping, antimicrobial resistance testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Ten serotypes were shared by all isolates, with the most common serotypes being Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Thompson. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that the highest antimicrobial resistance rate was against sulfisoxazole (91.55%) with many multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. MLST analysis showed that nine sequence type (ST) patterns were shared, ST40 was the most common (79 isolates) followed by ST19 (26 isolates) and ST26 (24 isolates). PFGE permitted the resolution of XbaI macrorestriction fragments of all the isolates, displaying the high similarity. Three clusters and 31 PFGE patterns were generated by PFGE analysis. Our results indicated that Salmonella spp. isolates from eight slaughterhouses were phenotypically and genetically homologous. These data could be used for further evolutionary analyses.
Hidden Liquidity and Post Earnings Announcement Drift

Electronic exchanges allow investors to submit hidden limit orders. Theory and evidence debate the relative importance of two likely uses of hidden orders: large, liquidity-motivated, uninformed trades versus trades based on private information. We take a novel approach to examine this question by analyzing the impact of hidden orders on a well-documented case of mispricing: predictable price drifts after earnings announcements. Prior evidence suggests that arbitrageurs trade to profit from market underreaction to earnings news but some mispricing remains because of limits to arbitrage. Greater use of hidden orders for informed (uninformed) trades should (should not) deter arbitrage activity when earnings are announced, which in turn increases (does not affect) residual mispricing and subsequent price drifts. Our findings are consistent with informed trades—likely based on short-lived, private information—using hidden orders. When hidden orders are more prevalent, arbitrageurs appear to defer their trades to a few days after the earnings announcement. In addition to informing the discussion of hidden order usage, our results suggest a new concern about hidden orders affecting market quality: they reduce the incentives for arbitrageurs to correct mispricing of fundamental information.
Effects and Mechanisms of Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metals in Soil: A Critical Review

The use of microbes to change the concentration of heavy metals in soil and improve the ability of plants to deal with elevated metals concentrations has significant economic and ecological benefits. This paper reviews the origins and toxic effects of heavy metal pollution in soil, and describes the heavy metal accumulation mechanisms of microbes, and compares their different bioconcentration abilities. Biosorption, which depends on the special structure of the cell wall, is found to be the primary mechanism. Furthermore, Escherichia coli are found to adsorb more heavy metals than other species. Factors influencing microbial treatment of wastewater and soil containing heavy metals include temperature, pH, and different substrates. Finally, problems in the application of microbial treatment of heavy metal contamination are considered, and possible directions for future research are discussed.
Floquet time crystals in clock models

We construct a class of period-$n$-tupling discrete time crystals based on $\mathbb{Z}_n$ clock variables, for all the integers $n$. We consider two classes of systems where this phenomenology occurs, disordered models with short-range interactions and fully connected models. In the case of short-range models we provide a complete classification of time-crystal phases for generic $n$. For the specific cases of $n=3$ and $n=4$ we study in details the dynamics by means of exact diagonalisation. In both cases, through an extensive analysis of the Floquet spectrum, we are able to fully map the phase diagram. In the case of infinite-range models, the mapping onto an effective bosonic Hamiltonian allows us to investigate the scaling to the thermodynamic limit. After a general discussion of the problem, we focus on $n=3$ and $n=4$, representative examples of the generic behaviour. Remarkably, for $n=4$ we find clear evidence of a new crystal-to-crystal transition between period $n$-tupling and period $n/2$-tupling.
Biogenic Amines in Traditional Fiore Sardo PDO Sheep Cheese: Assessment, Validation and Application of an RP-HPLC-DAD-UV Method

This contribution aimed to measure for the first time the amount of biogenic amines (BAs) in one of the most ancient and traditional sheep cheese produced in Sardinia, Italy: the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Fiore Sardo. To achieve this, an original RP-HPLC-DAD-UV method has been developed that was completely validated in terms of LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision and trueness, and tested on 36 real Fiore Sardo PDO cheese samples produced by four different cheesemakers and marketed by four stores. The average total concentration of the eight BAs (i.e., tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, putrescine, cadaverine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermine and spermidine) measured in Fiore Sardo cheese was 700 mg/kg, with a range between 170 mg/kg and 1,100 mg/kg. A great variability in the total amount of BAs has been evidenced among the Fiore Sardo marketed in the four stores as well as for the cheeses purchased in different times in the same store. Tyramine (350 mg/kg), putrescine (150 mg/kg), histamine (80 mg/kg) and cadaverine (30 mg/kg) are the most abundant BAs found in this matrix. Among the many factors concurring, the dominant microflora of Fiore Sardo PDO is likely the principal cause of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of BAs in this matrix. Finally, the total amount of BAs found in Fiore Sardo PDO is not able to cause any health alert situation for consumers.
Effect of associated using of commercial feed supplementation and green forage on rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) growth and health

Received: 11 February, 2014 Accepted: 7 March, 2014 Published: 20 June, 2014 The aim of this work is to study the effect of crud fibers from tropical green forage on rabbit growth and heath. Thirty six rabbits weaned at 40 days old, were individual caged and allotted to 4 dietary treatments. Rabbits were feeding with control or basal “C” feed only commercial pellet, basal feed supplemented with Centrosema pubescens “Cp”, basal feed supplemented with Albizia lebbeck “Al” and basal feed supplemented with Andropogon gayanus “Ag”. Individual feed intake, body weight gain, carcass productivity, food cost, morbidity and mortality were studied. Forage supplementation was increased feed intake (19.3% dry matter than control) from 75 to 91 days old (P=0.01). Feed efficiency with feed C (5.1) and Al (5.3) was better than Cp (6.0) and Ag (6.1) from 45 to 91 days old (P = 0.04). However, diet had no significant influence on total ingestion (45-91 days), body weight gain and carcass productivity. In addition, forage was no reduced diet charge. On health, mortality was reduced significantly using forage than control (12.5% vs 25.0%; P < 0.01). But, morbidity with diet Ag was equal to control (75%) and higher than diet Cp and Al (31.3%) (P < 0.01). © 2014 PSCI Publisher All rights reserved.
Rural to urban migration and crop productivity: evidence from Pakistani Punjab

Push and pull factors are involved in decision making process of rural-urban migration. In addition to increasing burden on urban resources, rural migrants also cause decrease in agricultural productivity. The present study was designed to determine the effect of rural-urban migration on crop productivity. Cross-sectional data were collected from the Southern Punjab. Cobb Douglas production function was used to determine the impact of migration on crop productivity. Cotton productivity was adversely affected by rural-urban migration while the wheat productivity was positively related with rural-urban migration.
Productivity, Wages, Profits, and Exchange Rates in an Era of Globalization

Worldwide devaluation races lead to the globalization of rent instead of profit and autonomy of civil society. This specific pattern of today’s globalization goes with serious underconsumptionist tendencies as self-sufficiency in wage goods production is achieved in economies with a very low marginal product of labour in agriculture and structural unemployment which disempowers all labour. The 19th century likewise intensive globalization was characterized by full employment tendencies, rising real wages and an expansion of the welfare state. A return to such a convoy model of globalization is possible through marginality reducing development policies for uplifting the poor in the South.