Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the effect of thermal variables on the 3D printed shape memory polymer structures with different geometries

In this paper, the effects of thermal parameters including the deformation temperature, shape recovery temperature, and heating rate on the shape recovery of a specific rounded rectangle structure were investigated using the design of experiments. Three-point bending thermo-mechanical tests were subsequently carried out where water was used for controlling the temperature. It was found that the deformation temperature and heating rate have the most and the least effect on the shape recovery of polylactic acid (PLA) SMPs, respectively. The mathematical modeling results showed that the optimum condition of the highest shape recovery is obtained at the deformation temperature of 53.31°C, recovery temperature of 59.94°C, and heating rate of 8.05°C/min. It was also observed that the shape recovery of the specified rounded rectangle structure manufactured by the 3D printing method was enhanced from 93.03% to 98.14% by optimizing the thermal parameters. Besides, the optimum condition was applied to structures with different cell geometries and it was shown that the obtained condition was also enhanced the shape recovery of structures with diamond and honeycomb. More specifically, the shape recovery of noted structures was significantly enhanced to 98.00% and 97.71 % from 82.86% and 78.89%, respectively.
Lophotrochozoa in the Cambrian evolutionary radiation and the Pelagiella problem

Tiny snail‐like conchs of Pelagiella Matthew are important in discussions of lophotrochozoan and mollusc origins in the Cambrian evolutionary radiation (CER). The limited morphological features of Pelagiella conchs have led to the ‘Pelagiella problem’: (1) poorly distinguished Pelagiella species; (2) an exceptional genus range across all Cambrian palaeocontinents and climate belts; (3) an unparalleled genus‐lifespan (c. 31 myr) in the early Palaeozoic; and (4) the assumption that all Pelagiella spp. are gastropods, which compromises lophotrochozoan and mollusc phylogenies. The type species P. atlantoides is a gastropod, but we show that so‐called Pelagiella species with sub‐to‐triangular apertures and turbiniform conchs are not referable to the genus. Re‐evaluation of spectacular specimens of Pelagiella exigua Resser & Howell show it to be a polychaete with two apertural paleal chaetae fan arrays. Given that some modern sedentary polychaetes have paleal fan arrays, P. exigua is regarded as a likely member of the Sabellida Levinsen and is assigned to Pseudopelagiella gen. nov. Other Pelagiella spp. and forms with similar conchs are probably polychaetes not relevant to syntheses of early mollusc diversification. Pelagiellidae fam. nov. should be restricted to the late early Cambrian (c. 508 Ma) P. atlantoides. Pseudopelagiella exigua was unattached, probably benthic and lived with the apical conch surface on the sea floor, a mode of life similar to that of another family of the Sabellida, the sessile spirorbids that are cemented to substrate. Among numerous crown groups, the late early Cambrian eve of the CER included the polychaete Pseudopelagiella exigua and gastropod P. atlantoides.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Literature Review from a Nursing Perspective

Introduction As the COVID-19 pandemic ravages the world, nursing resources, and capacities play an essential role in disease management. This literature review focuses on the central issues related to the nursing care of patients affected by COVID-19. Material and methods This literature review was conducted with an extensive search of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus, using the keywords “COVID19”, “2019-nCoV disease”, “2019 novel coronavirus infection”, “Nurse”, “NursingCare”, and” Nursing management. ” The span of the literature search was between December 01, 2020, and January 12, 2021. A total of 28 original and English-language articles were selected for inclusion in the review. Results Nursing interventions such as monitoring, oxygen therapy, and the use of Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in the care of COVID-19 patients, caring for ICU patients with COVID-19, rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, nurses’ experiences and barriers in the care of patients with COVID-19, and also the ethical challenges in the care of patients with COVID-19, were found to be valuable in managing COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Nurses have a pivotal role to play in the care of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, providing comprehensive and quality nursing care supported by experience and research is necessary to successfully reduce the length of hospital stay and decrease the morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19.
Studying the Influence of Maternal Factors on Iraqi Pediatricspatients Presentedwith Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia regarded as common problem in neonates. Risk factors for elevated indirect bilirubin include maternal age, race, prematurity, and breast-feeding. Material and Methods: This study include mothers of term newborn infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy and/or exchange transfusion that are combatable or have maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility to evaluate maternal contributing factors which related to development of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. This study found that higher serum bilirubin level (31.32 ± 2.30mg/dl) found in 28%neonate for mother were ≥30 years old. There was no significant difference found in serum bilirubin level according to parity (primi or multi). There was association between the neonatal serum bilirubin level with maternal ABO blood groups which showed highest mean of neonatal serum bilirubin reported in neonate for mothers carry blood group A and B (17.92 ± 10.32), (17.28±6.85) respectively.While a result of the association of neonatal serum bilirubin level to maternal Rh reuses factor found that there was no significant differences among them (P>0.05). Conclusions: hyperbilirubinemiawas more frequent in neonate for mothers ≥30 years old.Presence of highest mean of neonatal serum bilirubin reported in neonate for mothers carry blood group A or Band Rh - women.
Identification of Genetic Predispositions Related to Ionizing Radiation in Primary Human Skin Fibroblasts From Survivors of Childhood and Second Primary Cancer as Well as Cancer-Free Controls: Protocol for the Nested Case-Control Study KiKme

Background Therapy for a first primary neoplasm (FPN) in childhood with high doses of ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for second primary neoplasms (SPN). An association between exposure to low doses and childhood cancer is also suggested; however, results are inconsistent. As only subgroups of children with FPNs develop SPNs, an interaction between radiation, genetic, and other risk factors is presumed to influence cancer development. Objective Therefore, the population-based, nested case-control study KiKme aims to identify differences in genetic predisposition and radiation response between childhood cancer survivors with and without SPNs as well as cancer-free controls. Methods We conducted a population-based, nested case-control study KiKme. Besides questionnaire information, skin biopsies and saliva samples are available. By measuring individual reactions to different exposures to radiation (eg, 0.05 and 2 Gray) in normal somatic cells of the same person, our design enables us to create several exposure scenarios for the same person simultaneously and measure several different molecular markers (eg, DNA, messenger RNA, long noncoding RNA, copy number variation). Results Since 2013, 101 of 247 invited SPN patients, 340 of 1729 invited FPN patients, and 150 of 246 invited cancer-free controls were recruited and matched by age and sex. Childhood cancer patients were additionally matched by tumor morphology, year of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis. Participants reported on lifestyle, socioeconomical, and anthropometric factors, as well as on medical radiation history, health, and family history of diseases (n=556). Primary human fibroblasts from skin biopsies of the participants were cultivated (n=499) and cryopreserved (n=3886). DNA was extracted from fibroblasts (n=488) and saliva (n=510). Conclusions This molecular-epidemiological study is the first to combine observational epidemiological research with standardized experimental components in primary human skin fibroblasts to identify genetic predispositions related to ionizing radiation in childhood and SPNs. In the future, fibroblasts of the participants will be used for standardized irradiation experiments, which will inform analysis of the case-control study and vice versa. Differences between participants will be identified using several molecular markers. With its innovative combination of experimental and observational components, this new study will provide valuable data to forward research on radiation-related risk factors in childhood cancer and SPNs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32395
Estimating Fiscal Multipliers in Selected Asian Economies

The surge of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has driven countries worldwide to launch substantial stimulus packages to support economic recovery. This paper estimates effects of fiscal measures on output using data from 2000 to 2019 for a panel of nine developing Asian economies and a vector autoregression model. Results show that (i) the 4-quarter and 8-quarter cumulative fiscal multipliers for general government spending range between 0.73 and 0.88 in baselines, in line with recent estimates for developed countries but larger than those for developing countries; (ii) government spending is more effective than tax cuts in boosting the economy; and (iii) an accommodative monetary policy regime can make fiscal measures more effective.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Triggered by COVID-19: A Pediatric Case Report and Literature Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a variety of neurologic manifestations, including Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), but few pediatric cases have been reported. We would like to present a pediatric case of GBS in association with a recent COVID-19 infection that presented with an isolated clinical facial nerve palsy.
The impact of audit quality, corporate governance, and company characteristics on earnings management

This study aims to investigate empirically how the characteristics of the firm; the audit quality and the corporate governance impact the management of earnings. The population employed in this study is industrial firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2019. The method of sampling employed in this study is purposive sampling. 39 firms are analyzed, with 117 items of data being achieved. Also, this study applies statistical testing via multiple regression. The findings show that sales growth, free cash flow, financial leverage, and return on assets all have an impact on earnings management. Meanwhile, other factors such as audit quality, firm size, audit committee, the board size, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership, have not to impact on earnings management.
Primary Peripheral Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Can Lead to CNS Infection and Neuroinflammation in a Rabbit Model: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus associated with malignant and non-malignant conditions. An accumulating body of evidence supports a role for EBV in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disease of the CNS. However, little is known about the details of the link between EBV and MS. One obstacle which has hindered research in this area has been the lack of a suitable animal model recapitulating natural infection in humans. We have recently shown that healthy rabbits are susceptible to EBV infection, and viral persistence in these animals mimics latent infection in humans. We used the rabbit model to investigate if peripheral EBV infection can lead to infection of the CNS and its potential consequences. We injected EBV intravenously in one group of animals, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in another, with and without immunosuppression. Histopathological changes and viral dynamics were examined in peripheral blood, spleen, brain, and spinal cord, using a range of molecular and histopathology techniques. Our investigations uncovered important findings that could not be previously addressed. We showed that primary peripheral EBV infection can lead to the virus traversing the CNS. Cell associated, but not free virus in the plasma, correlated with CNS infection. The infected cells within the brain were found to be B-lymphocytes. Most notably, animals injected with EBV, but not PBS, developed inflammatory cellular aggregates in the CNS. The incidence of these aggregates increased in the immunosuppressed animals. The cellular aggregates contained compact clusters of macrophages surrounded by reactive astrocytes and dispersed B and T lymphocytes, but not myelinated nerve fibers. Moreover, studying EBV infection over a span of 28 days, revealed that the peak point for viral load in the periphery and CNS coincides with increased occurrence of cellular aggregates in the brain. Finally, peripheral EBV infection triggered temporal changes in the expression of latent viral transcripts and cytokines in the brain. The present study provides the first direct in vivo evidence for the role of peripheral EBV infection in CNS pathology, and highlights a unique model to dissect viral mechanisms contributing to the development of MS.
Risk Factors of Persistently Active Disease among Filipino Children with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a 10-Year Study in a Tertiary Hospital

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is one of the most common subtypes of arthritis among children in southeast Asia with higher progression of disease activity. Unsuccessful control of the disease may lead to long-term disability resulting in functional limitations that would affect productivity of the individual. Objective: The study determined the risk factors for persistently active disease among Filipino children aged 2 weeks to 18 years diagnosed with SJIA seen in the Section of Pediatric Rheumatology of the University of Santo Tomas Hospital (USTH) from June 2009 to June 2019. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was done involving chart review of both clinical division and private division patients. The following parameters were determined: sex, age at diagnosis, time elapsed from symptom onset to diagnosis, joint involvement, inflammatory markers and extra-articular manifestation. Statistical analysis included frequencies, percentages and logistic regression for the risk factors of interest. Results: One hundred twenty-seven patients with SJIA who were appropriately treated for at least three years were included. Among which, 88 (69%) developed persistently active disease. Among them, 36 (41%) were diagnosed at 1-5 years old. Many were diagnosed (n=54, 61%) after five weeks. The most commonly affected joints were the wrists, knees and ankles. The most common contracture noted involved the cervical joint. Only 33 (26%) patients received biologic agents. Risk factors identified for the development of persistent disease activity were low hemoglobin levels at the time of diagnosis and after one month of treatment, elevated platelet count after a month, substantial joint count after three months and increased ESR after 6 months. Conclusion: The change or improvement of the joint count and in hemoglobin, platelet count and ESR levels after appropriate treatment may determine the risk for persistently active disease in Filipino children with SJIA.
Steroidogenesis Mechanism, Disruption Factor, Gene Function, and Role in Male Fertility : A Mini Review

Male fertility can be defined as the ability of the male reproductive system to impregnate a woman, whileinfertility is the condition of a married couple who have been married for one year or more and have had sexualintercourse regularly or without using contraception but do not have a pregnancy or offspring. About 10% ofmarried couples experience infertility. The main organ of male reproduction is the testes because in the testesthe process of forming spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone occurs. The hormone testosterone plays adirect role in the continuity of spermatogenesis. Testosterone is produced through a series of steroidogenesismechanisms in testicular Leydig cells. Several factors influence the course of steroidogenesis such as Leydigcells, steroidogenesis proteins, related genes to the influence of free radicals. These factors are closelyrelated to diet and lifestyle. This study is important to understand in efforts to prevent infertility in men.
Effect of Noise on General Health Status of Electrical Generator Workers in Iraq

Electrical generators in Iraq have been a series problem regarding occupational and environmental pollution.The current study aimed to determine the level of general health status among generator workers in AlDiwaniyah City Iraq, and its correlation with noise and demographic data . A descriptive cross-sectionaldesign was conducted in the current study . It was carried out at the private electrical generators inA-Diwaniyah City from the period between the 15th of October 2020 until the 15th of March 2021 . Apurposive study of 150 generator workers has been selected . General health was determined by GeneralHealth questionnaire (GHQ-28) which is comprised of 28 items, and include four aspects : somatic, social, depression and anxiety . Noise intensity level was measured by sound level meter (SLM) . The results ofthe present study revealed that average level of noise intensity inside the workers’ room was (78.12 db) ;while it was (104.14 db) near the generator . The results also showed that the assessment of most domain(social, depression, and anxiety) was moderate, except for somatic domain which it was good . There was asignificant negative correlation between noise and depression and anxiety . It has been concluded that : Mostof the generator workers showed a moderate level of general health status ; Most of the generators workershad moderate level for anxiety, depression and social aspects ; Noise intensities inside the generator roomsexceeds the upper limits accepted for human health .
The Miles and Snow Business Strategy Typology and the Adoption of Management Accounting Practices

Changes in the business environment requires that a company adopts a more adaptive strategy. A business strategy is not just about planning, but it needs to be supported with meaningful information. Management accounting complements a business strategy by providing crucial information, not just limited to cost efficiency, but customer satisfaction and quality management. However, the adoption of management accounting practices (MAPs) is believed to be influenced by strategy. Using the Miles and Snow (1978) business strategy typology model, this study examined the influence of business strategy on the adoption of MAPs, focusing on how the different types of business strategies used in organizations may influence the adoption of MAPs. Data was collected from manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The result showed that most Malaysian manufacturing companies utilized three major classifications of strategies, i.e., defender, prospector, analyzer, and only a few were classified as reactors. The result showed that the adoption level of both traditional and advanced MAPs is also high. Findings from this study indicated an influence of the defender and analyzer types towards adopting traditional MAPs, whereas the prospector type had influenced the adoption of advanced MAPs. Keywords: management accounting practices, business strategy, defender, prospector, analyzer, reactor
Online assessment: More student cheating than on-site?

This paper discusses online student assessment which is one of the major concerns of higher education institutions during these pandemic times, forcing teachers to teach and assess in different ways and conditions than when using regular methods. Online assessment brings more challenges for the teachers and the fear that students could cheat more than in on-site or face-to-face conditions. More than a surveillance task, it is a question of having justice among different students’ socio-economic and learning conditions. Ethical issues, respect for the colleagues and trust in their own work and more suitable learning assessment methods could be strong reasons for the students not to cheat. For the teachers, this is a complex and controversial issue. Finding the best ways to prevent this from happening is not easy. This could demand a balance between less time and more complex online tests that require a lot of imagination and creativity. This paper gives some examples of face-to-face written tests and online tests, comparing grades of two cohorts of students (2019_20 and 2020_21) from three different courses. Those courses are lectured in the first and third year of Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM) Integrated Masters degree and the first year of the Masters in Engineering Project Management, at the University of Minho. Some practical tips and suggestions will be given to prepare online tests (e.g. diversity of assessment methods, type of questions included in the tests, tests could not be the only assessment method .). © 2021 University of Minho. All rights reserved.
Demand Response in NOMA-Based Mobile Edge Computing: A Two-Phase Game-Theoretical Approach

Mobile edge computing (MEC), as a key technology that facilitates 5G networks, provides a new and prospective mobile computing paradigm that allows the deployment of edge servers at base stations geographically close to mobile users to reduce their end-to-end network latency. Similar to cloud servers, edge servers running 24/7 in an MEC system consume a large amount of energy, contribute a significant proportion of global carbon emissions, and thus require demand response management. Demand response has been widely employed to reduce energy consumption at data centers. However, existing demand response approaches for data centers are rendered obsolete by the new and unique characteristics of MEC systems: 1) proximity constraint - mobile users can be served by neighbor edge servers only; 2) latency constraint - mobile users’ workloads should be processed by their neighbor edge servers to ensure low latency; and 3) capacity constraint - edge servers have limited computing and communication resources to serve mobile users. Demand response for MEC is further complicated by the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme - the emerging radio access scheme for 5G. Communication resources like channels and transmit power in the NOMA-based MEC system must be systematically considered with computing resources like CPU, memory and storage to fulfill mobile users’ resource demands. This paper makes the first attempt to tackle this Edge Demand Response (EDR) problem. We first formulate this problem and prove its $\mathcal {NP}$NP-hardness. Then, we propose a two-phase game-theoretical approach, named EDRGame, to solve the EDR problem. Its performance is theoretically analyzed and experimentally evaluated against three baseline approaches and two state-of-the-art approaches on a widely-used real-world dataset. The results show that it solves the EDR problem effectively and efficiently.