Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of particle size on determination of the contents of grain and legume dietary fibre and resistant starch

Dietary fibre comprises non˗digestible carbohydrates, including resistant starch, and lignin, and it is an important constituent of a healthy diet. The aim was to define the influence of particle size on contents determined for dietary fibre and resistant starch in unprocessed grain and canned legumes. Five samples of unprocessed and processed grains were analysed, as oatmeal, buckwheat, dehulled barley, wheat and spelt, and three canned legumes, as beans, chickpeas and peas, with and without their brine. Samples were initially milled unscreened, and then again through 500 μm or 350 μm screens. For unprocessed grain samples, there was generally no influence of particle size, except for the 350-μm milling of dehulled barley, with significantly decreased contents determined for insoluble dietary fibre and resistant starch presumably due to damaging of starch granules and disrupting crystalline formation of starch. For canned legumes with and without their brine, particle size had little effect on contents determined for dietary fibre and resistant starch.
The Tricholoma caligatum group in Europe and North Africa

Three species are recognized in the Tricholoma caligatum group in Europe: T. caligatum (Viv.) Ricken, T. nauseosum (Blytt) Kytiiv. , comb. nova, and T. dulciolens Kytov. , spec. nova. The first two species are also reported from North Africa. The East Asian T. matsutake (S. Ito & Imai) Singer is included in T. nauseosum, which is thus an edible fungus of major international interest. The distribution of each species in the study area is mapped, and their ecology and relationships are discussed.
Robust Foreground Removal for Hydrogen Intensity Mapping (HIM) Experiments

This paper describes work done to develop robust methods for foreground removal in hydrogen intensity mapping (HIM) experiments. In HIM, one measures the 21cm line from neutral hydrogen (HI), which in turn provides information about the distribution of matter in the universe. However, foreground emission from the milky way and extra-galactic sources must be removed in order to obtain useful results. Methods developed for removing these foregrounds either have not been thoroughly tested on realistic data, or perform poorly when the instrument is not precisely calibrated. The goal of the work here is to develop a method to remove foregrounds that works on realistic, imperfectly calibrated data.
A Bibliometric Analysis Concerning Local Ecological Knowledge on Elasmobranchs and Chimaeras

The absence of historical data on endangered species poses a conservation and socio-environmental problem. It is currently estimated that about one-third of all Chondrichthyes are under some level of threat, with knowledge gaps for many species. The aim of this research was to carry out a scientometric analysis on the scientific production concerning Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) on Chondrichthyes. Searches on the subject were carried out at the SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The retrieved publications were assessed and sorted by a list of inclusion criteria, totaling 120 articles. The findings indicate that studies concerning LEK applied to Chondrichthyes assessments have recently gained relevance. The studies were published in a wide variety of journals and by researchers from different countries. Most research was aimed at marine ecosystems, and interviewees were usually professional fishers. From 179 studied Chondrichthyes, most are large sharks with conspicuous diagnostic characters, such as Galeocerdo cuvier, Isurus oxyrinchus and Sphyrna lewini, mainly in publications focused on fisheries. Studies addressing ethnoknowledge as a historical data collection source are undoubtedly paramount, and the need for further investments aiming at research in countries with scarce data addressing other actors, themes and scarcely studied taxa, is clear.
NURSERY PERFORMANCE of APPLE NURSERY PLANTS in DIFFIRENT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

The aim of this study is to determine the nursery development performance of Red Chief and Golden Smoothee plants grafted on MM106 and M9 apple rootstock in Isparta and Aydin/Soke. An open field and under-cover in Isparta and an open field in Aydin/Soke were chosen to conduct the study. The open field nursery in Isparta was determined as control group. The open field nursery in Isparta and the nursery in Soke/Aydin (openfield) were compared in respects of morphologic parameters such as treeheight, number of lateral shoots, length of lateral branches, angle of branches, height of the fistshoots, treediameter and number of roots. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the field in Aydin/Soke reached the highest values in respect of all parameters. On the other hand, the nursery in Isparta (under-cover) with high land climate reached similar values in respect of morphologic parameters with the nursery in Soke (openfield). *This paper is produced from M.Sc. Thesis.
Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil potentially hampers microbial biomass and adversely affects their services such as decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. It can reduce nitrogen (N) metabolism and consequently affect plant growth and physiology. Further, Cd accumulation in plants can pose health risks through vegetable consumption. Here, we investigated consequences of Cd contamination on fertilizer value and associated health risks following the application of biogas residues (BGR) to various soil types. Our results indicate that the application of BGR to all soil types significantly increased dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake. However, the Cd contamination negatively affected DM yield and N recovery from BGR in a dose-dependent manner. Organic N mineralization from BGR also decreased in Cd-contaminated soils. The highest DM yield and N recovery were recorded in sandy soil, whereas the lowest values were observed in clay soil. Cadmium was accumulated in spinach, and health risk index (HRI) associated with its dietary intake revealed that consuming spinach grown in Cd-contaminated soil, with or without BGR, is unsafe. Among the soil types, values of daily intake of metals (DIM) and HRI were lowest in clay soil and highest in sandy soil. However, the application of BGR curtailed HRI across all soil types. Notably, the application of BGR alone resulted in HRI values < 1, which are under the safe limit. We conclude that soil contamination with Cd reduces fertilizer value and entails implications for human health. However, the application of BGR to the soil can decrease Cd effects.
Online Calibration Between Camera and LiDAR With Spatial-Temporal Photometric Consistency

The fusion of 3D LiDAR and 2D camera data has gained popularity in the field of robotics in recent years. Extrinsic calibration is a critical issue in sensor data fusion. Poor calibration can lead to corrupt data and system failure. This letter introduces a method based on photometric consistency for detecting and recalibrating camera LiDAR miscalibrations in arbitrary environments, online and without the need for calibration targets or manual work. We make the assumption that, with correct extrinsic parameters and accurate LiDAR pose estimation, the projections of each LiDAR point onto different camera images will have similar photometric values. By utilizing covisibility information, an error term based on the aforementioned photometric consistency assumption is proposed, enabling the detection and correction of miscalibration. Multiple experiments were conducted using real-world data sequences.
Does Lower-Limb Tendon Structure Influence Walking Gait?

Background: Within the exploration of human gait, key focal points include the examination of functional rockers and the influential role of tendon behavior in the intricate stretch–shortening cycle. To date, the possible relationship between these two fundamental factors in the analysis of human gait has not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the morphology of the patellar and Achilles tendons and plantar fascia with respect to the duration of the rockers. Methods: Thirty-nine healthy men (age: 28.42 ± 6.97 years; height: 173 ± 7.17 cm; weight: 67.75 ± 9.43 kg) were included. Data of the rockers were recorded using a baropodometric platform while participants walked over a 10 m walkway at a comfortable velocity. Before the trials, the thickness and cross-sectional area were recorded for the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and plantar fascia using ultrasound examination. The relationship between the morphology of the soft tissue and the duration of the rockers was determined using a pairwise mean comparison (t-test). Results: A significant difference was found for rocker 1 duration, where a longer duration was found in the group of subjects with thicker patellar tendons. Regarding the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia, no significant differences were observed in terms of tendon morphology. However, subjects with thicker Achilles tendons showed a longer duration of rocker 1. Conclusions: The findings underscore a compelling association, revealing that an increased thickness of the patellar tendon significantly contributes to the extension of rocker 1 duration during walking in healthy adults.
Present‐day kinematics of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin: Implications for lower crustal rheology

The Sichuan Province comprises the cratonic Sichuan Basin and the eastern Tibetan Plateau separated by the recently activated Longmen Shan fault zone, thus providing a natural laboratory to study interseismic and postseismic processes. In this work we compute a new regional geodetic velocity solution from most of the continuous Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/GPS data available in the Sichuan Province that we assess for transient postseismic deformation. For 11 continuous sites in close proximity to the Wenchuan 2008 event epicenter that were operational during the Wenchuan event we find an average short‐term relaxation time of 11 days with maximum amplitude of 6.6 mm for the postseismic transient and no resolvable long‐term transient. Using tests for block rigidity guided by previous kinematic studies we elucidate a longer‐term transient in GNSS/GPS observations collected after the Wenchuan event that spans an extensive region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We correct for transients, produce an updated secular velocity field, and revise the kinematics of the region using elastic block modeling. Our results indicate that predicted slip rates are in good agreement with both geological and GNSS/GPS velocity profile‐derived results, and we resolve two independent blocks with the expanded GNSS/GPS data set. Our constraints on the spatial extent of long‐term postseismic deformation support models of ductile lower crust in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
Middle Miocene Onset of the Litang Fault System Records Kinematic Change in Eastern Tibet

The ∼400‐km‐long Litang fault system (LTFS) is a major intracontinental strike‐slip fault inside the Chuandian block, eastern Tibet, but its evolution and role in accommodating the India‐Asia convergence remain poorly known. Structural analysis shows that the LTFS splits into 5 strands as a left‐lateral, right‐stepping en‐echelon pattern formed under NW‐directed compression, subsequently reactivated by transtensive faults under NNE‐directed extension. Displaced geological and morphological markers yield a cumulative left‐lateral offset of 28.9–42.8 km. Inverse thermal‐history modeling of thermochronological data of the faulted rocks reveal accelerated cooling at 38–35 Ma, 16–13 Ma, and 7–5 Ma. The late Eocene rapid cooling is ascribed to the reactivation of the Garze‐Litang suture. Rapid cooling events at 16–13 Ma and 7–5 Ma record the onset of transpression and transtension of the LTFS, respectively, yielding a geologic slip rate of 2.6 ± 0.7 mm/yr. Both bifurcated geometry and slow slip rate of the LTFS since 16–13 Ma indicate diffuse deformation inside the Chuandian block, contrasting with strain localized on fast‐slip strike‐slip faults on the block margins. This implies a significant kinematic transition in the middle Miocene, such that the extrusion of the segmented mega‐blocks has been accommodated by both localized and distributed deformation in eastern Tibet. This tectonic transition could be explained by a change in lithospheric rheology from an earlier rigid state to a viscous state underneath the Chuandian block due to thermal weakening of the lower crust. We thus reconcile the end‐member geodynamic models of block extrusion and lower crustal flow in late Cenozoic times.
ANALISA KESELAMATAN KAPAL FERRY RO-RO DITINJAU DARI DAMAGE STABILITY PROBABILISTIK

Sebagai salah satu moda transportasi yang paling berhasil di dunia kapal, feri ro-ro menunjukkan perkembangan yang sangat pesat, karena moda transportasi ini sangatlah efisien dan efektif. Setiap kapal dapat mengalami kerusakan pada lambung yang disebabkan beberapa fakor antara lain tabrakan, kandas atau terjadi ledakan. Demikian pula kapal feri ro-ro yang sangat rentan terhadap terjadinya kebocoran. Kondisi stabilitas kapal saat terjadi kebocoran pada satu atau beberapa kompartemen disebut damage stability. Untuk mengetahui stabilitas bocor dan peluang kapal tenggelam, analisa dilakukan melalui perhitungan damage stability dengan metode pendekatan probabilistik dengan parameter aturan mengenai konsep probabilitas sesuai ketentuan SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) 2009 Chapter II-1 tentang perhitungan indek subdivisi R (required subdivision index) dan A (attained subdivison index) yang mana nilai indeks A harus lebih besar atau sama dengan nilai indeksR (A≥R). Nilai indeks R dipengaruhi oleh jumlah penumpang kapal, sedangkan nilai indeks A dipengaruhi oleh faktor pi dan si.Aturan ini diaplikasikan untuk kapal feri ro-ro berukuran 500,600 dan 750 GT yang umum digunakan pada penyebrangan pulau-pulau di Indonesia. Hasil perhitungan pada ketiga kapal yaitu, kapal pertama dengan panjang 40,15 m (500GT) menghasilkan indek R sebesar 0,693865 dan indek A sebesar 0,968. Kapal kedua dengan panjang 48,70 m (600GT) menghasilkan indek R sebesar 0,695886dan indek A sebesar 0,960. Kapal ketiga dengan panjang 48,82 m (750GT) menghasilkan indek R sebesar 0,694448 dan indek A sebesar 0,816. Maka, dari hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa nilai damage stability masing-masing kapal telah memenuhi aturan SOLAS Consolidated Edition 2009 Chapter II-I part B-1 tentang subdivision and damage stability.
Parental Perceptions and Expectations of the North Carolina State 4-H Summer Camping Program Regarding the Development of Targeted Life Skills

LONG, JR., JOSEPH BUXTON. Parental Perceptions and Expectations of the North Carolina State 4-H Summer Camping Program Regarding the Development of Targeted Life Skills. (Under the direction of Dr. Mark Kistler and Dr. Barry Croom.) Camping has been established as one of the primary delivery modes for 4-H and is recognized as a strong way to promote youth development and build life skills needed for youth to be positively contributing members as adults to society. However, there is a question as to whether parents and guardians of 4-H youth perceive the real value of camping. The purpose of this study was to determine how the parents perceive the value of the North Carolina State 4-H Camps in building targeted life skills of the participants and parents’ expectations of the experience for their children while there. This study used descriptive survey research to accomplish this purpose utilizing a census from the target population of parents of youth that attended 4-H camp during the summer of 2013. The design for the questions in the instrument was based on Dr. Patricia Hendricks’ (1996) Targeting Life Skills Model, which included 35 life skills. After the questionnaire was designed, data were collected using the Internet survey process outlined by Dillman (2000). This data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program 21 and utilized descriptive statistics to compute the results. Findings from this study revealed that positive life skill development can be achieved from the camping experience and that parents recognize and expect this. Using the Targeting Life Skills (TLS) Model, growth was shown in all four of the basic categories, Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. © Copyright 2014 Joseph Buxton Long, Jr. All Rights Reserved Parental Perceptions and Expectations of the North Carolina State 4-H Summer Camping Program Regarding the Development of Targeted Life Skills by Joseph Buxton Long, Jr. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Agricultural and Extension Education Raleigh, North Carolina 2014
Morphophysiological Responses of the Goat Mammary Gland to Water Scarcity in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments: Are They Enough to Generate Adaptation to New Climatic Challenges?

Simple Summary In the near future, several areas of the world will be affected by climate change, reducing their water availability. More than 90% of goats are found in Asia and Africa, and it is believed that these animals would be more resilient to climate change. Their milk is a good source of nutrients, contributing to the food security of the poorest and rural communities. Considering that milk is mostly water, it is essential to understand how the goat mammary gland can respond at a productive, cellular, hormonal, and blood level when faced with reduced water intake scenarios, as well as analyzing prospects in terms of more sustainable goat milk production. Abstract Due to climate change, diverse territories of the planet will suffer from water restrictions. Goats are perceived as the most resilient ruminants in this scenario. So, various studies have focused on describing how a lower water intake influences milk production, especially in breeds adapted to desert environments. In water-stress situations, goats lose up to 32% of their body weight (BW), the rate of passage is reduced, and the digestibility of the feed increases. When goats consume water again, the rumen prevents hemolysis and osmotic shock from occurring. Regarding milk production, the response varies depending on the breed and the level of water restriction, maintaining the milk volume or reducing it by up to 41%. Systemically, it decreases the urinary volume and glomerular filtration rate, increasing blood osmolality and the vasopressin (ADH) concentration. Studies are scarce regarding changes in blood flow to the mammary gland, but there would be a reduction in blood flow velocity of up to 40% without changing blood pressure. New studies must be undertaken to determine which breeds or crosses are the best adapted to changing environmental conditions and to improve our understanding of the changes that occur at the morphophysiological level of the caprine mammary gland.
Retrieval of volcanic ash height from satellite‐based infrared measurements

A new algorithm for retrieving volcanic ash cloud height from satellite‐based measurements is presented. This algorithm, which was developed in preparation for China's next‐generation meteorological satellite (FY‐4), is based on volcanic ash microphysical property simulation and statistical optimal estimation theory. The MSG satellite's main payload, a 12‐channel Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, was used as proxy data to test this new algorithm. A series of eruptions of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano during April to May 2010 and the Puyehue‐Cordón Caulle volcanic complex eruption in the Chilean Andes on 16 June 2011 were selected as two typical cases for evaluating the algorithm under various meteorological backgrounds. Independent volcanic ash simulation training samples and satellite‐based Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization data were used as validation data. It is demonstrated that the statistically based volcanic ash height algorithm is able to rapidly retrieve volcanic ash heights, globally. The retrieved ash heights show comparable accuracy with both independent training data and the lidar measurements, which is consistent with previous studies. However, under complicated background, with multilayers in vertical scale, underlying stratus clouds tend to have detrimental effects on the final retrieval accuracy. This is an unresolved problem, like many other previously published methods using passive satellite sensors. Compared with previous studies, the FY‐4 ash height algorithm is independent of simultaneous atmospheric profiles, providing a flexible way to estimate volcanic ash height using passive satellite infrared measurements.
Validation of the Acoustic Breathiness Index in Speakers of Finnish Language

Breathiness (perception of turbulence noise in the voice) is one of the major components of hoarseness in dysphonic voices. This study aims to validate a multiparameter analysis tool, the Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI), for quantification of breathiness in the speaking voice, including both sustained vowels and continuous speech. One hundred and eight speakers with dysphonia (28 M, 80 F, mean age 50, SD 15.4 years) and 87 non-dysphonic controls (18 M, 69 F, mean age 42, SD 14 years) volunteered as participants. They read a standard text and sustained vowel /a:/. Acoustic recordings were made using a head-mounted microphone. Acoustic samples were evaluated perceptually by nine voice experts of different backgrounds (speech therapists, vocologists and laryngologists). Breathiness (B) from the GRBAS scale was rated. Headphones were used in the perceptual analysis. The dysphonic and non-dysphonic speakers differed significantly from each other in the auditory perceptual evaluation of breathiness. A significant difference was also found for ABI, which had a mean value of 2.26 (SD 1.15) for non-dysphonic and 3.07 (SD 1.75) for dysphonic speakers. ABI correlated strongly with B (rs = 0.823, p = 0.01). ABI’s power to distinguish the groups was high (88.6%). The highest sensitivity and specificity of ABI (80%) was obtained at threshold value 2.68. ABI is a valid tool for differentiating breathiness in non-dysphonic and dysphonic speakers of Finnish.
Improving Prediction of Streamflow Response to Spatially-Distributed Vegetation Change: Exploring computer simulation.

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