Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pregnant Women's Perception of Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Abstract Background: Birth outcomes including low birth weight, preterm birth, and delayed infant neurodevelopment are associated with secondhand smoke exposure while pregnant. The purpose of the study was to explore pregnant women's perspectives on secondhand smoke exposure to understand their experience and inform recommendations. Study Design and Methods: Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 secondhand smoke-exposed pregnant women in the United States. Results: Four primary themes were identified: feeling powerless, trapped, and discomfort; enhancing women's self-advocacy and initiative; having conflicting feelings about secondhand smoke exposure; and desiring professional advice and education. Women expressed concern about prenatal secondhand smoke exposure, although they felt unable to request that people refrain from smoking in their presence or personal space. Women's strategies to minimize secondhand smoke exposure often involved their own social isolation. Women described sources of support, educational needs, and desire for practical advice in secondhand smoke avoidance. Clinical Implications: Findings underscore the role of nurses working with pregnant women living with household members who smoke to educate women about secondhand smoke risks and strategies for avoidance and to enhance women's self-confidence in advocating for themselves to reduce their exposure. Birth outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and delayed infant neurodevelopment are associated with secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy. In this qualitative phenomenological study, 15 pregnant women shared their perspectives on secondhand smoke exposure. Findings underscore the role of nurses working with pregnant women living with household members who smoke to educate women about risks and strategies for avoidance and to enhance women's self-confidence in advocating for themselves to reduce their exposure.
The D0 - D8 system revisited

We address a few subtle issues regarding the interacting D0-D8 system. There are two existing interpretations for the counter-intuitive non-vanishing cylinder-diagram R-R potential. We improve them each by properly dealing with the divergence of potential in the R-R as well as the NS-NS sector, which has been ignored so far. We further test them by considering the D8 to carry a flux, electric or magnetic. We find that the improved interpretations continue to hold. We resolve a subtle issue regarding the regularization of fermionic zero-modes in the R-R sector when the D8 carries an electric flux so that a meaningful result for the potential can be calculated. The persistence of divergence for the potential in either sector in the presence of a flux on the D8 brane indicates that adding a flux/fluxes on the D8 brane doesn't help to improve its nature of existence as an independent object, therefore reenforcing the previous assertion on D8 branes.
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with Type 2 diabetes on metformin in Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia:A cross-sectional study

Background and Aim: The association between Vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin use among Type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) were reported. We wanted to determine the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency among T2DM patients who were on metformin seen in our institution. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical records review of Saudi patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient aged between 30-50 years who visited the Primary Care Center of Security Forces Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the last two years 2018-2019. Results: A total of 289 T2DM patients, 161 (55.7%) males and 128 (44.3%) females with a mean age of 44.66 ± 4.49 years were included in the study. The mean Vitamin B12 level was 296.68 ± 114.79 pg/mL. There were 12 patients (4.2%) with Vitamin B12 deficiency, and the remaining 277 patients (95.8%) had normal Vitamin B12 level. The mean (SD) Vitamin B12 level of males was significantly higher among males than females (311.75 ± 115.34 pg/mL versus 277.72 ± 111.68 pg/mL, p=0.012). There was no significant difference in the mean (SD) Vitamin B12 level among patients <50 years old and patients ≥50 years old (292.40 ± 111.82 pg/mL versus 324.08 ± 130.52 pg/mL, p=0.109). Conclusion: In summary, we found 19.72% prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency among patients seen at the family medicine clinics with 40.14% of our patients in the borderline Vitamin B12 status. Contrary to other previous studies, we found that females are more at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency in this region. This study suggests the importance of measuring the Vitamin B12 levels of women especially and improve their Vitamin B12 status.
Disagreement about Evidence-Based Policy

Evidence based-policy (EBP) is a popular research paradigm in the applied social sciences and within government agencies (Davies, 2012). Informally, EBP represents an explicit commitment to applying scientific methods to public affairs, in contrast to ideologically-driven or merely intuitive “common-sense” approaches to public policy. More specifically, the EBP paradigm places great weight on the results of experimental research designs, especially randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic literature reviews that place evidential weight on experimental results (Boaz et al., 2002; Young et al., 2002). One hope is that such research designs and approaches to analysing the scientific literature are sufficiently robust that they can settle what really ‘works’ in public policy.
Impact of Different Fertilizer Forms on Yield Components and Macro–Micronutrient Contents of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

Organic materials, whose importance is increasing day by day in terms of soil fertility, plant nutrition, and sustainable agriculture in the world, need to be shown to be more effective against chemical fertilizers in order for farmers to adopt and use them more. The study was carried out to determine the effects of different organic fertilizer forms (farmyard manure (FM1 = 2500, FM2 = 5,104,000, FM3 = 7500, and FM4 = 10,000 kg ha−1), leonardite (L1 = 5000 and L2 = 10,000 kg ha−1) and vermicompost (V1 = 2500, V2 = 5000, V3 = 7500, and V4 = 10,000 kg ha−1)) on the yield components and some macro and micronutrient contents of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The study, which was carried out under the Kahramanmaraş Mediterranean ecological conditions in 2020–2021, was conducted according to the experimental design of completely randomized blocks with three replications. As a result of the study, it was found that the differences between the fertilizer forms were significantly effective in terms of all the examined characteristics. It was determined that the seed yields varied between 3043.3–4126.7 kg ha−1, and according to the results of the two-year study, 10,000 kg ha−1 vermicompost would be sufficient to obtain the highest cowpea yield (4126.7 kg ha−1) under Mediterranean climate conditions.
Sensitivity to small perturbations in systems of large quantum spins

We investigate the sensitivity of nonintegrable large-spin quantum lattices to small perturbations with a particular focus on the time reversal experiments known in statistical physics as ‘Loschmidt echoes’ and in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as ‘magic echoes. ’ Our numerical simulations of quantum spin- 7 1 2 ? > clusters indicate that there is a regime where Loschmidt echoes exhibit nearly exponential sensitivity to small perturbations with characteristic constant approximately equal to twice the value of the largest Lyapunov exponent of the corresponding classical spin clusters. The above theoretical results are verifiable by NMR experiments on solids containing large-spin nuclei.
Quantum state engineering by click counting

We derive an analytical description for the quantum state preparation using systems of on-off detectors. Our method will apply the true click statistics of such detector systems. In particular, we consider heralded quantum state preparation using correlated light fields, photon addition and photon subtraction processes. Using a post-selection procedure to a particular number of clicks of the detector system, the output states reveal a variety of quantum features. The rigorous description allows the identification and characterization of fundamentally unavoidable attenuations within given processes. We also generalize a known scenario of noiseless amplification with click detectors for the purpose of the preparation of various types of nonclassical states of light. Our exact results are useful for the choice of experimental parameters to realize a target state.
An Improved Exponential Stability Criterion of Generalized Neural Networks With Intermittent Large-Delay Periods

This paper focuses on the exponential stability analysis of generalized neural networks (GNNs) with time-varying delays, where the time delays include several intermittent large-delay periods (LDPs). First, the improved piecewise augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) candidate is constructed based on the delay-dependent state information. Then, some advanced inequalities are adopted to estimate the derivative of LKF candidate. Combining with switching techniques, an exponential stability criterion with less conservativeness is proposed. At last, a numerical example is used to verify the advantage of the proposed criterion.
AGN Obscuration and the Unified Model

Unification Models of Active Galactic Nuclei postulate that all the observed differences between Type 1 and Type 2 objects are due to orientation effects with respect to the line-of-sight to the observer. The key ingredient of these models is the obscuring medium, historically envisaged as a toroidal structure on a parsec scale. However, many results obtained in the last few years are clearly showing the need for a more complex geometrical distribution of the absorbing media. In this paper we review the various pieces of evidence for obscuring media on different scales, from the vicinity of the black hole to the host galaxy, in order to picture an updated unification scenario explaining the complex observed phenomenology. We conclude by mentioning some of the open issues.
The Space Density of Compton‐thick AGN

We constrain the number density and evolution of Compton‐thick Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), and their contribution to the extragalactic X‐ray background. In the local Universe we use the wide area surveys from the Swift and INTEGRAL satellites, while for high redshifts we explore candidate selections based on mid‐IR parameters. We present the properties of a sample of 211 heavily‐obscured AGN candidates in the Extended Chandra Deep Field‐South (ECDF‐S) selecting objects with f24μm/fR>1000 and R‐K>4.5. The X‐ray to mid‐IR ratios for these sources are significantly larger than that of star‐forming galaxies and ∼2 orders of magnitude smaller than for the general AGN population, suggesting column densities of NH>5×1024 cm−2. The space density of CT AGN at z∼2 derived from these observations is ∼10−5 Mpc−3, finding a strong evolution in the number of LX>1044 erg/s sources from z = 1.5 to 2.5.
Exploiting Stage Information for Prediction of Switching Times of Traffic Actuated Signals Using Machine Learning

Traffic jams and stops in front of (signalized) intersections are causing a significant amount of road traffic emissions. Reliable signal timing estimation integrated into Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory systems is one of the keys to minimizing unnecessary braking and accelerating in front of traffic lights. In this paper, we present experiments based on recorded real-world process data of traffic signals to predict the switching times of traffic actuated signals using machine learning. Traffic lights sign a limited number of signal combinations. We summarize these combinations into sets to obtain one feature depicting the signal state. This paper focuses on whether the inclusion of the (estimated) state as an input feature can achieve higher accuracy for the estimation of the switching times than those based only on signal information. Implementing XGBoost and Bayesian Networks, we found that a higher accuracy and a lower root mean square error are achieved by using states. Whether the actual or estimated next state improves the quality of the prediction, the most depends on the degree of traffic dependency and traffic load of the traffic light.
Optimal Control of Linear Systems with Input Delay and Known Exogenous Disturbance

This paper studies the optimal problem of differential linear systems with a input delay and a known exogenous disturbance. By applying the maximum principle, the problem is solved, and the optimal control consists of three terms: a state feedback optimal control, a feedforward term to compensate the presence of disturbance, and an integration term to compensate the time delay. Numerical example has been worked out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
RBFNN-Based Adaptive Event-Triggered Control for Heterogeneous Vehicle Platoon Consensus

Vehicle platoon, as an important application of connected automated vehicles (CAVs), is a hot topic in the intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Most existing results on platoon control used the exact feedback linearization method to transform nonlinear vehicle dynamics into linear ones, which required complete prior knowledge of parameters. As the measurement errors and the environment disturbance exist, the accurate parameters are difficult to obtain in real world. This paper considers a nonlinear uncertain vehicle platoon under a network topology (NT) modeled by a spanning tree in a digraph. Radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are used to approximate the uncertain function and an adaptive distributed controller is designed by backstepping control method. To reduce the update rate of the controllers, an event-triggered control scheme is proposed with two different kinds of triggering conditions. It is proven that vehicle platoon practical consensus can be achieved under the Zeno-free adaptive event-triggered control scheme. Moreover, for bidirectional (BD) NT and two predecessor-following (TPF) NT, vehicle platoon reaches the string stability. Finally, a vehicle platoon under three different kinds of NTs is simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
THE OUTER DISKS OF DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES

In order to explore the properties of extreme outer stellar disks, we obtained ultra-deep V and GALEX ultraviolet (UV) images of four dwarf irregular galaxies and one blue compact dwarf galaxy, and ultra-deep B images of three of these. Our V-band surface photometry extends to 29.5 mag arcsec−2. We convert the FUV and V-band photometry, along with Hα photometry obtained in a larger survey, into radial star formation rate profiles that are sensitive to timescales from 10 Myr to the lifetime of the galaxy. We also obtained H i-line emission data and compare the stellar distributions, surface brightness profiles, and star formation rate profiles to H i-line emission maps, gas surface density profiles, and gas kinematics. Our data lead us to two general observations. First, the exponential disks in these irregular galaxies are extraordinarily regular. We observe that the stellar disks continue to decline exponentially as far as our measurements extend. In spite of lumpiness in the distribution of young stars and H i distributions and kinematics that have significant unordered motions, sporadic processes that have built the disks—star formation, radial movement of stars, and perhaps even perturbations from the outside—have, nevertheless, conspired to produce standard disk profiles. Second, there is a remarkable continuity of star formation throughout these disks over time. In four out of five of our galaxies the star formation rate in the outer disk measured from the FUV tracks that determined from the V-band, to within factors of five, requiring star formation at a fairly steady rate over the galaxy's lifetime. Yet, the H i surface density profiles generally decline with radius more shallowly than the stellar light, and the gas is marginally gravitationally stable against collapse into clouds. Outer stellar disks are challenging our concepts of star formation and disk growth and provide a critical environment in which to understand processes that mold galaxy disks.
The essential skeleton of a degeneration of algebraic varieties

In this paper, we explore the connections between the Minimal Model Program and the theory of Berkovich spaces. Let $k$ be a field of characteristic zero and let $X$ be a smooth and projective $k(\negthinspace(t)\negthinspace)$-variety with semi-ample canonical divisor. We prove that the essential skeleton of $X$ coincides with the skeleton of any minimal $dlt$-model and that it is a strong deformation retract of the Berkovich analytification of $X$. As an application, we show that the essential skeleton of a Calabi-Yau variety over $k(\negthinspace(t)\negthinspace)$ is a pseudo-manifold.
COSMIC-RAY PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR TRANSPORT IN TURBULENT MAGNETIC FIELDS

A correct description of cosmic-ray (CR) diffusion in turbulent plasma is essential for many astrophysical and heliospheric problems. This paper aims to present the physical diffusion behavior of CRs in actual turbulent magnetic fields, a model of which has been numerically tested. We perform test particle simulations in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. We obtain scattering and spatial diffusion coefficients by tracing particle trajectories. We find no resonance gap for pitch-angle scattering at 90°. Our result confirms the dominance of mirror interaction with compressible modes for most pitch angles, as revealed by the nonlinear theory. For cross-field transport, our results are consistent with normal diffusion predicted earlier for large scales. The diffusion behavior strongly depends on the Alfvénic Mach number and the particle's parallel mean free path. We, for the first time, numerically derive the dependence of for the perpendicular diffusion coefficient with respect to the mean magnetic field. We conclude that CR diffusion coefficients are spatially correlated to the local turbulence properties. On scales smaller than the injection scale, we find that CRs are superdiffusive. We emphasize the importance of our results in a wide range of astrophysical processes, including magnetic reconnection.
THE TYPE IIP SUPERNOVA 2012aw IN M95: HYDRODYNAMICAL MODELING OF THE PHOTOSPHERIC PHASE FROM ACCURATE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MONITORING

We present an extensive optical and near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic campaign of the Type IIP supernova SN 2012aw. The data set densely covers the evolution of SN 2012aw shortly after the explosion through the end of the photospheric phase, with two additional photometric observations collected during the nebular phase, to fit the radioactive tail and estimate the 56Ni mass. Also included in our analysis is the previously published Swift UV data, therefore providing a complete view of the ultraviolet-optical-infrared evolution of the photospheric phase. On the basis of our data set, we estimate all the relevant physical parameters of SN 2012aw with our radiation-hydrodynamics code: envelope mass Menv ∼ 20 M☉, progenitor radius R ∼ 3 × 1013 cm (∼430 R☉), explosion energy E ∼ 1.5 foe, and initial 56Ni mass ∼0.06 M☉. These mass and radius values are reasonably well supported by independent evolutionary models of the progenitor, and may suggest a progenitor mass higher than the observational limit of 16.5 ± 1.5 M☉ of the Type IIP events.
An Novel Indoor Crowd Counting Approach Based on WiFi Signals

Crowd counting approaches are widely used in personnel arrangements in crowded places and early warning of critical situations for their ability to accurately and quickly estimate the number of crowds. At present, researchers have proposed some methods for crowd counting using cameras and wearable devices. But these methods have some defects, for instance, cameras can only provide monitoring within the visible range, and wearable devices need to be consciously worn by the monitored. There are also some methods used radar-related technology to realize through-wall perception and recognition, but this kind of system has a complex design and high application cost and is mostly used in the military field. Considering the above problems, this paper proposes a crowd counting method based on WiFi signal, which uses the amplitude fluctuation of Channel State Information (CSI) to describe the change of indoor population and realizes crowd counting based on the Resnet network algorithm. At the same time, we verify the performance of the approach, and the experimental results show that the performance of this method is better than other algorithms.
Stereo Visual Odometry for Object Segmentation Based on Sparse Optical Flow in Dynamic Scene

This paper proposes a stereo visual odometry algorithm, which can not only effectively run in a dynamic environment without being affected by dynamic objects, but also detect the position of dynamic objects. A mechanism of the quantitative histogram (QH) and the optical flow angle histogram (OFAH) of feature points is used to obtain dynamic points. Besides, a multi-feature fusion mechanism is proposed to perform binary segmentation and obtain the bounding box of dynamic object. In the experimental section, we evaluate our algorithm on the KITTI dataset and compare it with ORB-SLAM2. Experiments show that our method can not only improve the accuracy of pose estimation in a dynamic environment, but also detect the position of dynamic objects.
Post-starburst quasars: bridging the gap between post-starburst galaxies and quasars

In order to better understand the nature of post-starburst quasars (PSQs) in the context of galaxy evolution, we compare their properties to those of post-starburst galaxies and quasars from appropriately selected samples possessing similar redshift ($z \sim 0.3$), luminosity ($M_r \sim -$23), and data quality. We consider morphologies, spectral features, and derived physical properties of the stellar populations and central supermassive black hole. PSQs themselves come in two types: the more luminous AGNs with more luminous post-starburst stellar populations hosted by elliptical galaxies, some which are clearly merger products, and the less luminous systems existing within relatively undisturbed spiral galaxies and possessing signs of a more extended period of star formation. Post-starburst galaxies (PSQs) have elliptical and disturbed/post-merger morphologies similar to those of the more luminous PSQs, display similar spectral properties, but also can have younger stellar populations for a given starburst mass. Quasars at similar redshifts and luminosities around the Seyfert/quasar transition possess similar AGN characteristics, in terms of black hole mass and accretion rate, compared with those of PSQs, but do not appear to be hosted by galaxies with significant post-starburst populations. Recent studies of more luminous quasars find hosts consistent with those of our luminous PSQs, suggesting that these PSQs may be in transition between post-starburst galaxies and a more luminous quasar stage when the post-starburst stellar population remains dominant. The lower luminosity PSQs appear to differ from lower luminosity quasars (Seyfert galaxies) in terms of more significant star formation in their past.