Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Political Economy of Bank Regulation in Developing Countries: Risk and Reputation

Why do governments in some developing countries implement international standards, while others do not? Focusing on the politics of bank regulation, this book develops a new framework to explain regulatory interdependence between countries in the core and the periphery of the global financial system. Drawing on in-depth analysis of eleven countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America, it shows how financial globalization generates strong reputational and competitive incentives for developing countries to converge on international standards. Regulatory interdependence is generated by relations between regulators, politicians, and banks within developing countries, and international actors including investors, peer regulators, and international financial institutions. We explain why it is that some configurations of domestic politics and forms of integration into global finance generate convergence with international standards, while other configurations lead to divergence. This book contributes to our understanding of the ways in which governments and firms in the core of global finance powerfully shape regulatory politics in the periphery, and the ways in which peripheral governments and firms manoeuvre within the constraints and opportunities created by financial globalization.
Gentamicin pre-soaking of hamstring autografts decreases infection rates in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Aims Graft infection following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may lead to septic arthritis requiring multiple irrigation and debridement procedures, staged revision operations, and prolonged courses of antibiotics. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies reporting on how gentamicin pre-soaking of hamstring grafts influences infection rates following ACLR. We set out to examine this in our study accordingly. Methods This retrospective study included 2,000 patients (1,156 males and 844 females) who underwent primary ACLR with hamstring autografts between 2007 to 2017. This included 1,063 patients who received pre-soaked saline hamstring grafts for ACLR followed by 937 patients who received pre-soaked gentamicin hamstring grafts for ACLR. All operative procedures were completed by a single surgeon using a standardized surgical technique. Medical notes were reviewed and data relating to the following outcomes recorded: postoperative infection, clinical progress, causative organisms, management received, and outcomes. Results Superficial wound infection developed in 14 patients (1.31 %) receiving pre-saline soaked hamstring grafts compared to 13 patients (1.38 %) receiving pre-gentamicin soaked hamstring grafts, and this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.692). All superficial wound infections were treated with oral antibiotics with no further complications. There were no recorded cases of septic arthritis in patients receiving pre-gentamicin soaked grafts compared to nine patients (0.85%) receiving pre-saline soaked grafts, which was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Conclusion Pre-soaking hamstring autographs in gentamicin does not affect superficial infection rates but does reduce deep intra-articular infection rates compared to pre-soaking hamstring grafts in saline alone. These findings suggest that pre-soaking hamstring autografts in gentamicin provides an effective surgical technique for reducing intra-articular infection rates following ACLR. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(1):66–71.
Binary gas adsorption in molecular sieves

This thesis is concerned with the development of sorption-effect chromatography as a rapid method for the determination of binary gas-mixture adsorption isotherms.There are many alternative non-chromatographic methods but these have inherent disadvantages the direct experimental methods require excessive equilibration times and the predictive methods require the respective pure-component isotherms and an ideal adsorbed phase. A computer simulation has shown that for an alternative chromatographic method, good results will only be obtained if both binary isotherms are close to linear. Sorption-effect chromatography is characterised by the flowrate retention time (TN) which measures the change in column inventory when a perturbation is made to the system. Along with the standard composition retention time (Tx), this extra measurement allows the gradient of each binary isotherm to be evaluated. Subsequent integration will give the respective mixture isotherm. Three gas systems (nitrogen-argon, nitrogen-helium and argon-helium) have been investigated over zeolite 5A at different temperatures. The results confirm that the adsorbed phase amounts decrease, with increasing temperature and that there are degrees of component interaction. Experimentally, thermal fluctuations in the oven will cause noise on the flowrate record making TN determination difficult. Isolation of the column from direct air flow was seen to reduce the noise level. Also, using a computer simulation model, the heat of adsorption for the above zeolite 5A systems will be easily dissipated preventing any unwanted gas temperature rises; the comparatively small column diameter was found to be a significant factor. The employment of delay lines (empty tubes) in various locations has been investigated. To directly determine TN it is necessary to used delay lines downstream of the column. Also, the chromatographic method has been extended to determine mixture isotherms by considering the change in average column pressure rather than the motion of a composition front through the column. Delay lines situated upstream of the column are able to separate these two effects, and preliminary results are satisfactory. However, the use of delay lines anywhere in the system changes the measured retention times and the theory has to be adjusted to account for this.
Teachers' Attitudes Toward the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in the General Education Classroom in a Rural School District

ix CHAPTER ONE . 1 BACKGROUND . 1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM . 2 PURPOSE . 4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS . 5 Definition of Terms. 5 CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 7 DEFINITION OF INCLUSION . 7 IMPORTANCE OF INCLUSION . 8 CURRENT STATE OF INCLUSION . 9 IMPORTANCE OF TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES . 10 THEORY . 12 FACTORS THAT AFFECT TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES . 14 DISCUSSION . 19
Hong Kong Teacher Perceptions of U.S. Culture and Education: A Case Study to Prepare for a Collaboration.

Study abroad has become an important component of many teacher education programs. Through the lens of culturally relevant pedagogy, critical thinking, and educational freedom, this qualitative case study focuses on understanding Hong Kong teachers’ perceptions about United States culture and education. Data were collected through in-depth, one-on-one interviews with five Hong Kong educators. The findings reveal that the Hong Kong teachers believe that respecting individual differences, inspiring students’ critical thinking, and having freedom to choose how to teach and learn are top priorities in the U.S. However, there are also misconceptions in a few areas. This study not only helps prepare for a multicultural collaboration between U.S. teacher candidates and Hong Kong educators in a study abroad course, but it also aims to contribute to the literature the critical need of understanding unintentional biases and stereotypes that might negatively influence U.S. teacher candidates’ assumptions of their students with diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds.
Reaction of potential guava rootstocks to Meloidogyne enterolobii

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii is the main phytosanitary problem of guava cultivation in Brazil. Among the strategies to manage the problem, the best prospects are in identifying or developing cultivars or rootstocks that are resistant to this nematode. To identify plants with potential as rootstocks for guava, the reaction of araçá (wild guava) to M. enterolobii was assessed in a greenhouse experiment. Seven araçá species were evaluated (Eugenia stipitata, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. guajava var. minor, P. guineense, and Psidium sp.). The plants were inoculated with a suspension of 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii, using eggplant as control treatment. The parameters fresh root mass, number of eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) per root system, the reproduction factor (RF = Pf/Pi), and araçá reaction were determined during the experiment. RF of the araçá species E. stipitata, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, and P. friedrichsthalianum was less than one (RP < 1), therefore resistant to M. enterolobii. The araçá trees had good root system development and the susceptible plants showed many root galls, high number of eggs and J2, and Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani root rot. The araçá species, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, and E. stipitata are resistant to M. enterolobii and can be tested as potential guava rootstocks.
Metabolic reprogramming dynamics in tumor spheroids: Insights from a multicellular, multiscale model

Mathematical modeling provides the predictive ability to understand the metabolic reprogramming and complex pathways that mediate cancer cells’ proliferation. We present a mathematical model using a multiscale, multicellular approach to simulate avascular tumor growth, applied to pancreatic cancer. The model spans three distinct spatial and temporal scales. At the extracellular level, reaction diffusion equations describe nutrient concentrations over a span of seconds. At the cellular level, a lattice-based energy driven stochastic approach describes cellular phenomena including adhesion, proliferation, viability and cell state transitions, occurring on the timescale of hours. At the sub-cellular level, we incorporate a detailed kinetic model of intracellular metabolite dynamics on the timescale of minutes, which enables the cells to uptake and excrete metabolites and use the metabolites to generate energy and building blocks for cell growth. This is a particularly novel aspect of the model. Certain defined criteria for the concentrations of intracellular metabolites lead to cancer cell growth, proliferation and necrosis. Overall, we model the evolution of the tumor in both time and space. Starting with a cluster of tumor cells, the model produces an avascular tumor that quantitatively and qualitatively mimics experimental measurements of multicellular tumor spheroids. Through our model simulations, we can investigate the response of individual intracellular species under a metabolic perturbation and investigate how that response contributes to the response of the tumor as a whole. The predicted response of intracellular metabolites under various targeted strategies are difficult to resolve with experimental techniques. Thus, the model can give novel predictions as to the response of the tumor as a whole, identifies potential therapies to impede tumor growth, and predicts the effects of those therapeutic strategies. In particular, the model provides quantitative insight into the dynamic reprogramming of tumor cells at the intracellular level in response to specific metabolic perturbations. Overall, the model is a useful framework to study targeted metabolic strategies for inhibiting tumor growth.
Genetic diversity analysis in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]

The experimental material comprised 36 diverse genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.). The data on 12 quantitative traits viz., days of 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, number of fingers per earhead, main ear head length, finger length, finger width, grain yield per plant, straw yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest index were collected from a random sample of five plants for each genotype. On the basis of Tocher’s method, all the 36 genotypes of the present study were grouped into seven clusters. Maximum no. of genotypes (26) were included in cluster I followed by five genotypes in cluster IV, while cluster II, III, V, VI and VII were comprised by each single genotype. The inter-cluster distance varied from 115.74 between clusters VI and VII to 24.98 between clusters I and III. Analysis corroborated the absence of relationship between geographic origin and genetic diversity, as genotypes from the different area grouped into same clusters and the genotypes of same area were grouped in the different clusters. Therefore, breeder must evaluate their material for genetic diversity and should not merely depend on their geographical origin.
Studies on crude powder and ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds: phytochemical analysis, effects on haemogram and some reproductive characteristics of male albino rats

Effects of crude powder and ethanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds on haemogram, spermiogram, testicular and epididymal histology of forty-eight male wistar rats were investigated following phytochemical analysis. The rats, divided into three test groups (A, B and C; n=16) were administered distilled water (Group A), ground powder (Groups B; 200mg/kg) and ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus seed (Group C; 200mg/kg) for 28 days. Blood samples were collected from all rats after expiration of extract administration for haemogram. Subsequently, four rats from each group were sacrificed weekly post treatment for a period of four weeks for semen analysis and histology. Phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Haematological parameters were not significantly different across the groups. Mean sperm motility of the control group was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared with treatment groups (A and B) each week post treatment. Also, initial lower sperm motility recorded in week 1 and 2 post treatment in the treatment groups followed by increase at week 3 and 4 were observed. However, there were significant post treatment reductions (p<0.05) each week in sperm morphological abnormalities comparing the treatment groups with control group. Histology of the testes of Treatment groups showed numerous closely packed seminiferous tubules with normal architecture containing spermatogenic cells. The study revealed that ground powder and ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds administered at 200mg/kg have no deleterious effect on haemogram, the organs of male reproduction and sperm morphology. Hence, it may be considered safe for use in breeding animals. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus , crude powder, ethanolic, semen, haemogram
Effect of foliar nutrition on growth and yield of sweet corn

A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2018-19 on sandy loam soils of Agricultural College Farm, Naira, to study the effect of foliar nutrition on growth and yield of sweet corn. The experiment comprised of nine foliar nutrition treatments and laid out in a randomized block design. Foliar application 19:19: 19 @ 1% one week before tasseling fb1.0% KNO3 one week after silking (T6) recorded tallers plants, higher dry matter production, no. of cobs plant-1, cob girth, cob yield with husk and stover yield. The lowest values for growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were associated with non supply of foliar nutrients (T1). yield. The lowest values for growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were associated with non-supply of foliar nutrients (T1).
Efficacy of core decompression with bisphosphonates and Prolotherapy compared with core decompression alone and core decompression with bisphosphonates in the management of avascular necrosis of hip joint

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of hip joint or femoral head is complex disease with complete collapse of the femoral head. Core decompression is the mainstay treatment for grade I and II AVN of hip joint but the results were controversial. In this backdrop, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the combination of core decompression with bisphosphonates and prolotherapy in the treatment of AVN of hip joint. Methods: 36 patients who were diagnosed with for grade I and II AVN of hip joint were recruited and they were divided into three groups (n=12). The patients in three groups were treated with core decompression alone, core decompression with bisphosphonates and core decompression with bisphosphonates, prolotherapy. The patients were followed at 6th month, after 1 year and 2 years respectively. Their outcomes and range of motion were recorded at each follow-up.Results: The outcome of the study shows that the combined treatment of core decompression with bisphosphonates, prolotherapy showed fair outcome at the end of 2 year follow up with effective pain reduction during walking, squatting and cross leg. Meanwhile, core decompression alone and core decompression with bisphosphonates showed poor and good outcome. Conclusion: Thus in patients with grade I and II AVN of hip joint combination of core decompression with bisphosphonates, prolotherapy would be effective in prevention of collapse and pain reduction.
Genotype Detection and Sero-prevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus along with Associated Risk Factors in Exotic and Local Breeds of Cattle in and Around Lahore, Punjab

Rao Muhammad Ramiz1, Arfan Ahmad2*, Aamir Ghafoor2, Muhammad Avais3, Qurat-ul-Ain1 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3 1Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 2University Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 3Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Article Information Received 22 August 2019 Revised 25 November 2019 Accepted 11 March 2020 Available online 17 July 2020
Industrial Kaolin Waste as Raw Material in the Synthesis of the SAPO-34 Molecular Sieve

2020 High-purity SAPO-34 was synthesized using industrial kaolin waste produced in the Amazon region as the main source of silicon and aluminium. The hydrothermal method was applied to investigate the effect of the Si/Al ratio and crystallization time on the phase formation and purity. The materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, which demonstrated that SAPO-34 with greater purity was obtained only for the composition whose Si/Al ratio was approximately 1, which was obtained by inserting Al 2 O 3 into the synthesis
Bali Heifers Performance on Cassava Leaves, Palm Oil Sludge and Yeast Supplementation in a Ration Based on Kumpai Grass (Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees)

| Utilization of potential swamp forages, by-product of the palm oil industry, and cassava is a strategy in the improvement of cattle feed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava leaves, palm oil sludge, and yeast supplementation on a ration based on Kumpai grass ( Hymenachne amplexicaulis ( Rudge ) Nees ) on the performance of Bali heifers. Twelve Bali heifers were allocated into two groups. First group was fed with control diet consisting of 70% Kumpai grass + 30% concentrate (R0) while second group (R1) was fed a diet consisting of 55% Kumpai grass + 15% concentrate + 15% palm oil sludge (POS) + 15% cassava leaves + 5 g yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )/head/d. The variables measured in this study were intake, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber , average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and farmer income. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. The results showed that the supplemented diet had a significant performance by improving the intake of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein. Moreover, it also followed by increasing the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and farmer income. Supplementation of palm oil sludge, cassava leaves, and yeast in the Kumpai grass-based ration significantly increased the performance of Bali heifers. Heifers fed the supplements gave a higher income than those without supplements.
The Unheralded Hero: Mid-Level Manager Training and Development in Student Affairs, A Case Study Analysis

THE UNHERALD HERO: MID-LEVEL MANAGER TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN STUDENT AFFAIRS, A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS Sherri Watson Old Dominion University, 2020 Director: Dr. Cynthia Tomovic Mid-level managers are the largest administrative group, yet the most professionally underdeveloped, in the organizational structure on college campuses. Mid-level managers are responsible for navigating and communicating to those both above and below them in the organization. The challenge in this three-part mixed methods study was to determine the impact of a short-term training intervention on mid-level manager self-efficacy. Specifically, the training intervention was a week-long residential professional development Institute which focused on the following areas: free speech, cultural competency, budgeting and strategic planning, collaboration and partnership, and leading/managing/followership-navigating the political landscape. In the first, a quantitative phase, secondary data analysis was conducted on the Institute’s post survey results of 63 participants. The second qualitative phase included follow-up structured interviews designed to assess participants’ belief that the Institute helped to improve their ability as mid-level managers. In the third, a quantitative phase, an ad hoc survey was administered and analyzed to determine the influence of the Institute on participants’ selfefficacy. A total of 12 individuals (20%) responded for participation in the structured interviews and ad hoc surveys. Descriptive statistics were used to report findings from the structured interviews and coded using NVIVO software. Themes were clustered and coded to develop a model of the skills, relationships, and dispositions necessary for participants to improve their self-efficacy in their roles as mid-level managers at their respective institutions. The results indicated that it is essential that mid-level manager develop specialized skills, relationships, and dispositions if they are to create greater clarity in their roles, become more solution focused, and improve communications that allow them to make more meaningful contributions to the field of student affairs. Furthermore, educational level was found to correlate with mid-level manager self-efficacy. Overall, results suggest that mid-level managers showed a significant increase in self-efficacy, over time, after having attended the Institute.
A survey of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Ahuriri Scenic Reserve, Banks Peninsula, and comparisons with a previous survey performed 30 years earlier

ABSTRACT Carabidae (Coleoptera) are commonly used as indicators of ecosystem health due to their high diversity, conservation value and relative ease of identification. Carabids were monitored at Ahuriri Scenic Reserve, Port Hills, Canterbury, from August 2007 to September 2008 using pitfall traps. Carabid captures, species richness and distribution across the reserve were compared with those found in a similar study in 1977–1978. Monthly carabid captures were highly correlated with average temperature in both studies. There was little evidence of carabids responding to habitat factors, such as leaf litter depth, pH or ground cover. However, Megadromus antarcticus was positively associated with canopy openness and ground cover, whereas Holcaspis angustula was more abundant where canopy cover was extensive and there was a relatively high incidence of bare rock. Thirteen species of carabid were recorded in 1977–1978, of which six were absent, four had decreased, one was stable and two species increased in abundance from collections made in 2007–2008. The loss of one Banks Peninsula and five New Zealand endemic beetle species from this reserve is of concern, and future work should aim to gain more detailed information on the habitat requirements of these species to assist conservation management strategies.