Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indices and the theory of grammar

Indices have been used in the theory of grammar ever since Chomsky (1955) and throughout the history of generative grammar in order to mark and explain various types of grammatical dependencies. Perhaps the device of indexation is best known for being the centerpiece of the traditional binding theory, as well as control constructions involving PRO and null operators, e.g., in parasitic gaps, tough-construction, and so forth. Arguably, it is also a crucial component of combinatorial phenomena, such as thematic role distribution and, categorical and semantic selection. It has also been a suitable notation to mark scope domains and check the well-formedness of movement chains, as well as in the reconstruction of ellipsis. However, in the last decade or so, the use of indices as a grammatical device have come to be regarded with great suspicion, and in fact, it has been to be among those elements that the theory of grammar should do without. This is most clearly expressed by Chomsky in a variety of places, so for example in (Chomsky, 1995, 381, footnote 7) he writes:
New T Tauri stars in Chamaeleon I and Chamaeleon II

A new objective prism survey of the entire Chamaeleon I dark cloud and two-thirds of the Chamaeleon II cloud taken using a CCD detector with the Schmidt telescope at CTIO has uncovered 26 new Hα emission line objects that were missed by previous Hα plate surveys. The new Hα emission line objects have similar infrared colors and spatial distributions to the known T Tauri stars in these dark clouds, and could represent the very low mass end of the stellar population in these clouds or an older, less active component to the usual classical T Tauri star population. The present survey increases the total number of known young stars in both clouds by about 20%, a substantial increase important for studies of the initial mass function in these clouds
ScholarWorks @ UTRGV ScholarWorks @ UTRGV

This paper deals with the following equation m t = (cid:1) 1 / 2 (cid:2)(cid:1) 1 / m k (cid:2) xxx − (cid:1) 1 / 2 (cid:2)(cid:1) 1 / m k (cid:2) x , which is proposed by Z. J. Qiao (cid:3) J. Math. Phys. 48 , 082701 (cid:1) 2007 (cid:2)(cid:4) and Qiao and Liu (cid:3) Chaos, Solitons Fractals 41 , 587 (cid:1) 2009 (cid:2)(cid:4) . By adopting the phase analysis method of planar dynamical systems and the theory of the singular traveling wave systems to the traveling wave solutions of the equation, it is shown that for different k , the equation may have inﬁnitely many solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions, kink/antikink wave solutions, cusped solitary wave solutions, and breaking loop solutions. We discuss in a detail the cases of k =−2,− 1 2 , 1 2 ,2, and parametric representations of all possible bounded traveling wave solutions are given in the different (cid:1) c , g (cid:2) -parameter regions. © 2010 American Institute of Physics. (cid:3) doi:10.1063/1.3385777 (cid:4)
Freudian Dream Theory, Celebrity Admiration, and Intuitive Thought

We sought to replicate and extend previous work to examine the relationship between individuals’ belief in four common dream perspectives, including the Freudian, celebrity admiration, and rational and experiential abilities. We administered a short dream theories questionnaire, the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS), and the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI-40) to 122 university students. Key results indicate strong support for the Freudian perspective on dreams with individuals who support that perspective tending to operate more experientially rather than rationally. We did not discover strong relationships between the CAS and the dreams theories questionnaire nor the REI-40. Results are discussed in terms of how the current results fit in the recent empirical literature and how they forge new pathways for future research in the area of belief in pseudoscientific perspectives and parasocial relationships.
Fluid-like transport variables in a kinetic collisionless plasma near a surface with ion and electron reflection

Transport variables of the positive ions and electrons in the presheath and sheath of a plasma near a wall that partially reflects ions and electrons are determined from a kinetic analysis. Because velocity distributions of the ions and electrons near the wall are highly non-Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, accurate predictions of transport variables, such as density, fluid velocity, mean pressure, fluid-like viscous stress, and conduction, require kinetic analysis. The results find that dimensionless transport variables of ions and electrons in the presheath and sheath can be exactly expressed in terms of transcendental functions determined by dimensionless independent parameters of ion and electron reflectivities of the wall, ion-to-electron mass ratio, charge number, and electron-to-ion temperature ratio at the presheath edge. The effects of the parameters on transport variables at the wall are also obtained. The computed transport variables in the presheath and sheath show agreement with available theoretical data for a completely absorbing wall.
Polypropylene Pelvic Mesh: What Went Wrong and What Will Be of the Future?

Background: Polypropylene (PP) pelvic mesh is a synthetic mesh made of PP polymer used to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Its use has become highly controversial due to reports of serious complications. This research critically reviews the current management options for POP and PP mesh as a viable clinical application for the treatment of POP. The safety and suitability of PP material were rigorously studied and critically evaluated, with consideration to the mechanical and chemical properties of PP. We proposed the ideal properties of the ‘perfect’ synthetic pelvic mesh with emerging advanced materials. Methods: We performed a literature review using PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, including the relevant keywords: pelvic organ prolapse (POP), polypropylene mesh, synthetic mesh, and mesh complications. Results: The results of this review found that although PP is nontoxic, its physical properties demonstrate a significant mismatch between its viscoelastic properties compared to the surrounding tissue, which is a likely cause of complications. In addition, a lack of integration of PP mesh into surrounding tissue over longer periods of follow up is another risk factor for irreversible complications. Conclusions: PP mesh has caused a rise in reports of complications involving chronic pain and mesh exposure. This is due to the mechanical and physicochemical properties of PP mesh. As a result, PP mesh for the treatment of POP has been banned in multiple countries, currently with no alternative available. We propose the development of a pelvic mesh using advanced materials including emerging graphene-based nanocomposite materials.
A strategy for determination of systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures from oscillometric pulse profiles

The main difficulty to determine the systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure using the oscillometric method is related to the strategy involved in the computational algorithm to extract these parameters from the oscillometric pulse profiles. A new strategy determined correlating several quantities, such as reference blood pressure measurements, actual cuff pressure, pulse amplitude, characteristic ratios, age, weight, height, arm circumference size, systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures, is presented in this paper. The results were obtained from an extensive statistical analysis performed with MATLAB to determine the cross-relations and distributions between characteristic ratios and the several parameters studied. The strategy was used in an oscillometric blood pressure measurement system with very good results, according to a comparative study using a simulator, providing reduction in measurement time and larger rejection of motion artifact and arrhythmia.
ITPA Polymorphisms and the Incidence of Toxicities in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), a thiopurine agent, is a essential medication for treating pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, its side effects of neutropenia and hepatotoxicity might interrupt treatment, resulting in poor outcomes. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA), an enzyme in the thiopurine pathway, may prevent the accumulation of toxic thiopurine metabolites. Studies on ITPA and thiopurine-associated toxicities are scarce. Methods This study retrospectively investigated 1- to 15-year-old children with ALL who received 6-MP during the maintenance phase of treatment between 2000 and 2020. Toxicity during the first year of maintenance therapy and the mean dose of 6-MP were analyzed. Results The 209 patients had a median age of 4.8 (0.3–14.8) years. Of these, 124 patients (59.3%) had wild-type ITPA, 73 patients (34.9%) had heterozygous ITPA 94C>A (hetITPA), and 12 patients (5.7%) had homozygous ITPA 94C>A (homITPA), with an allele frequency of 0.23. The incidence of neutropenia among ITPA polymorphisms did not significantly differ (P = 0.813). In patients harboring homITPA, transaminitis was more frequent than other polymorphisms but without a significant difference (P = 0.063). The mean dose of 6-MP for patients with homITPA was significantly lower than that for patients with hetITPA or wild-type ITPA (P = 0.016). Conclusions HomITPA had a higher incidence of transaminitis and required a significantly larger dose reduction of 6-MP than wild-type ITPA. Further study is warranted to elucidate the effects of ITPA polymorphisms on toxicity in patients with ALL treated with 6-MP.
Modeling the Shape and Velocity of Magmatic Intrusions, a New Numerical Approach

Dykes are magma‐filled fractures propagating through the brittle crust. Understanding the physics of dyking process is essential to mitigate the volcanic hazard associated with the opening of new eruptive fissures at the surface. Often, physics‐based models view either fracturing of the host rock or viscous flow of the magma as the dominating energy sink during dyke propagation. Here, we provide a numerical model that captures the coupling of fracturing at the crack tip and the transport of a viscous fluid. Built with the boundary element technique, our model allows for computation of the shape and velocity of a growing fluid‐filled crack accounting for the viscosity of the fluid: the fluid flow induces a viscous pressure drop acting at the crack walls, and modifies the shape of the crack. The energy conservation equation provides the constraints to solve for the crack growth velocity, assuming that brittle fracturing and viscous flow are the main processes that dissipate energy. Using a parameter range that represents typical magmatic intrusions, we obtain crack shapes displaying some typical characteristics, including a tear‐drop head and an open tail that depend on rock rigidity, magma viscosity, and buoyancy. We show that viscous forces significantly contribute to the energy dissipated during the propagation of magmatic dykes. Applied to the 1998 intrusion at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island), we provide ranges of dyke lengths and openings by adjusting the numerical velocity to the one deduced from the migration of volcano‐tectonic events.
Application of Dvoretzky’s Theorem of Measure Concentration in Physics and Cosmology

Using Dvoretzky’s theorem in conjunction with Bohm’s picture of a quantum particle inside a guiding quantum wave akin to De Broglie-Bohm pilot wave we derive Einstein’s famous formula E = mc2 as the sum of two parts E(O) = mc2/22 of the quantum particle and E(D) = m c2 (21/22) of the quantum wave where m is the mass, c is the speed of light and E is the energy. In addition we look at the problem of black holes information in the presence of extra dimensions where it seems initially that extra dimensions would logically lead to a hyper-surface for a black hole and consequently a reduction of the corresponding information density due to the dilution effect of these additional dimensions. The present paper argues that the counterintuitive opposite of the above is what should be expected. Again this surprising result is a consequence of the same well known theorem on measure concentration due to I. Dvoretzky. We conclude that there are only two real applications of the theorem and we expect that many more applications in physics and cosmology will be found in due course.
Exploring the Effect of Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention and the Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support: Evidence from Korean Firefighters

Synthesizing the conservation of resource theory, proximal withdrawal state theory, and job demands-resources theory, the present study examined the relationships between two dimensions of emotional labor (i.e., surface and deep acting) and turnover intention, as well as the moderating role of perceived organizational support in these relationships, such as the context of Korean firefighters. Using survey data drawn from fire organizations in Gyeonggi-do, the largest province of South Korea, we found that both surface and deep acting are positively related to firefighter turnover intentions. Further analysis indicates that the perceived organizational support of firefighters, vital for public health and safety, attenuates the positive relationship between surface acting and turnover intention but has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between deep acting and turnover intention. Our results suggest that perceived organizational support acts through essential psychological resources to recover the loss of emotional resources and contributes to the retention of firefighter personnel who primarily perform challenging and stressful work, including firefighting and offering emergency medical services. Thus, this study examines a crucial tool to ensure firefighters’ public mental health.
Analysis of Dysferlin Direct Interactions with Putative Repair Proteins Links Apoptotic Signaling to Ca2+ Elevation via PDCD6 and FKBP8

Quantitative surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was utilized to determine binding strength and calcium dependence of direct interactions between dysferlin and proteins likely to mediate skeletal muscle repair, interrupted in limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B/R2. Dysferlin canonical C2A (cC2A) and C2F/G domains directly interacted with annexin A1, calpain-3, caveolin-3, affixin, AHNAK1, syntaxin-4, and mitsugumin-53, with cC2A the primary target and C2F lesser involved, overall demonstrating positive calcium dependence. Dysferlin C2 pairings alone showed negative calcium dependence in almost all cases. Like otoferlin, dysferlin directly interacted via its carboxy terminus with FKBP8, an anti-apoptotic outer mitochondrial membrane protein, and via its C2DE domain with apoptosis-linked gene (ALG-2/PDCD6), linking anti-apoptosis with apoptosis. Confocal Z-stack immunofluorescence confirmed co-compartmentalization of PDCD6 and FKBP8 at the sarcolemmal membrane. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that prior to injury, dysferlin C2 domains self-interact and give rise to a folded, compact structure as indicated for otoferlin. With elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in injury, dysferlin would unfold and expose the cC2A domain for interaction with annexin A1, calpain-3, mitsugumin 53, affixin, and caveolin-3, and dysferlin would realign from its interactions with PDCD6 at basal calcium levels to interact strongly with FKBP8, an intramolecular rearrangement facilitating membrane repair.
The Metastable Behavior of Infrequently Observed, Weakly Random, One-Dimensional Diffusion Processes

Consider the one-dimensional diffusion process $X_t $ satisfying $dX_t = \varepsilon ^{1/2} dW_t - G' ( X_t )dt$ where $W_t $ is the standard Wiener process. For suitable G’s with a double well (at m and M) shape and $G( m ) > G ( M )$ and for an appropriate choice of $\lambda_\varepsilon$, the scaled process $X_{{\lambda _\varepsilon }t } $, converges as $\varepsilon \to 0$ (in an appropriate sense) to the two-state (m and M) jump process with M an absorbing state and transitions from m to M at unit rate.
Frequency response of a two-dimensional trusslike periodic panel

The frequency response of a two-dimensional trusslike periodic panel is studied adopting the transfer matrix of a repeated cell. Intracell resonance occurs at relatively low frequencies, causing high modal density of the panel. Effects of panel curvature, sag of cell diagonal member, mass added by a liquid filling the cell cavity, and damping by constrained viscoelastic layers are studied parametrically.
An unstructured finite volume model for dam‐break floods with wet/dry fronts over complex topography

A robust, well‐balanced, unstructured, Godunov‐type finite volume model has been developed in order to simulate two‐dimensional dam‐break floods over complex topography with wetting and drying. The model is based on the nonlinear shallow water equations in hyperbolic conservation form. The inviscid fluxes are calculated using the HLLC approximate Riemann solver and a second‐order spatial accuracy is achieved by implementing the MUSCL reconstruction technique. To prevent numerical oscillations near shocks, slope‐limiting techniques are used for controlling the total variation of the reconstructed field. The model utilizes an explicit two‐stage Runge–Kutta method for time stepping, whereas implicit treatments for friction source terms. The novelties of the model include the flux correction terms and the water depth reconstruction method both for partially and fully submerged cells, and the wet/dry front treatments. The proposed flux correction terms combined with the water depth reconstruction method are necessary to balance the bed slope terms and flux gradient in the hydrostatical steady flow condition. Especially, this well‐balanced property is also preserved in partially submerged cells. It is found that the developed wet/dry front treatments and implicit scheme for friction source terms are stable. The model is tested against benchmark problems, laboratory experimental data, and realistic application related to dam‐break flood wave propagation over arbitrary topography. Numerical results show that the model performs satisfactorily with respect to its effectiveness and robustness and thus has bright application prospects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Fields Affect Alcoholic Liver Disease by Liver Cell Oxidative Stress and Proliferation Regulation

It is well known that alcohol consumption leads to substantially increased free radical levels and health risks, which lacks effective treatment besides alcohol abstinence. Here, we compared different static magnetic field (SMF) settings and found that a downward quasi-uniform SMF of ~0.1 to 0.2 T could effectively alleviate alcohol-induced liver damage and lipid accumulation and improve hepatic function. SMFs of two different directions can reduce the inflammation, reactive oxygen species levels, and oxidative stress in the liver, while the downward SMF had more obvious effects. Moreover, we found that the upward direction SMF of ~0.1 to 0.2 T could inhibit DNA synthesis and regeneration in hepatocytes, which caused detrimental effects on the lifespan of "heavy drinking" mice. In contrast, the downward SMF prolongs survival of "heavy drinking" mice. On one hand, our study shows that ~0.1 to 0.2 T moderate quasi-uniform SMFs with a downward direction have great promises to be developed into a physical method to reduce alcohol-induced liver damage; on the other hand, although the internationally recognized upper limit for SMF public exposure is 0.4 T, people should also pay extra attention to SMF strength, direction, and inhomogeneity that could generate harmful effects on specific severe pathological conditions.
ON LOCAL LIFTS FROM G2(R) TO Sp 6 (R) AND F4R)

Let G2( )£Sp6( ) and G2( )£F4( ) be split dual pairs in split E7( ) and E8( ), respectively. It is known that the exceptional correspondences for these dual pairs are functorial on the level of infinitesimal characters. In this paper we show that these dual pair correspondences are functorial for the minimal K-types of principal series representations.
History of the Milky Way star formation rate from the white dwarf luminosity function

Consideration is given to the use of the white dwarf luminosity function (WDLF) to study the history of the star formation rate in the Galaxy. It is shown that the WDLF is much more sensitive to the star formation rate than to variations in the initial mass function. A marginal feature in the WDLF at log(L/solar L) = -2 is found to represent the burst of star formation which occurred 300 million yrs ago, as proposed by Barry (1988) and Scalo (1987, 1988). Observations are used to limit the ratio of recent to past average star formation rates for smoothly decreasing and increasing star formation rates. The star formation rate histories derived from the results of Twarog (1980) and Barry (1988) are compared. 34 refs.
Eating Disorders among Adolescent Female Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background Eating disorders (EDs) are characterised by an abnormal attitude towards food that causes someone to change their eating habits and behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EDs and their associated factors among female going-school adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in five schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, among a representative random sample of female adolescent students aged 13 years old–18 years old. A simple random sampling method was used to select the participants. An online self-administered questionnaire, the Arabic version of eating attitude test (EAT-26) and socio-cultural attitudes toward appearance questionnaire (SATAQ-4), was used. Results More than half (53.6%) of adolescent girls scored at or above the cut-off point of EAT-26. Around 45% of the participants had experienced family influence on their appearance and body shape, 36.7% had experienced peer influence on these factors, and 49.4% had experienced media influence. Family influence was significantly associated with EDs (P = 0.013). Conclusion The high prevalence of EDs among female going-school adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is of great concern. To mitigate this problem, effective programmes must be designed to change their dietary habits while considering the effects of family, peer and media influence, as well as focusing on the importance of eating breakfast and practising physical activity.
The circumstellar environments of EP Aqr and Y CVn probed by the H I emission at 21 cm

The HI line at 21 cm has been detected in the circumstellar shells of the two semi-regular variables, EPAqr and YCVn, with the Nancay Radio-Telescope (NRT). In both cases the line shape is composite and the emission is spatially extended compared to the NRT beam size (4'). The total HI masses of the two envelopes are respectively ∼0.047 M ○. and 0.044 M ○. For EPAqr, we find three components: a narrow one centered on the star and spatially unresolved, and two broad, Gaussian components, offset w.r. t. the star and spatially extended. The narrow component traces the present wind from EP Aqr whereas the two others seem to trace one or several mass-loss episodes of long duration. For Y CVn, we find two components: a narrow, spatially very extended, feature, and a broad one, less extended. We argue that the second component traces the outflow and the first one, its interaction with the ISM. These observations show that the H I emission can be used not only to probe the mass loss history of long-period variables, but also to investigate the interaction between stellar outflows and the surrounding ISM.
Optimality of embeddings of Bessel-potential-type spaces into Lorentz–Karamata spaces

We establish sharpness of embedding theorems for Bessel-potential spaces modelled upon Lorentz–Karamata (LK) spaces and we prove the non-compactness of such embeddings. Target spaces in our embeddings are LK spaces. As a consequence of our results, we get growth envelopes of Bessel-potential spaces modelled upon LK spaces.