Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulating the spread and management of alien riparian weeds: are they out of control?

1. This paper examines the circumstances under which control programmes may reduce the range of two widespread invasive weeds of riparian habitats: Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) and Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed). 2. The spread of both species was modelled using MIGRATE, a spatially explicit model that incorporates realistic demographic parameters and multiple dispersal mechanisms. Simulations of a range of control scenarios were run within a geographical information system (GIS) using authentic landscapes based on topographic, hydrological and land cover maps of County Durham, UK. Results were interpreted at both a catchment and a regional scale. 3. Six representative strategies were explored that prioritized control as follows: at random, in relation to human population density, or by the size, age (new and old) or spatial distribution of weed populations. These strategies were assessed at different intensities of management (area treated per year) and for varying efficiencies (proportion of plants destroyed) as well as the timeliness (how long since the species became established) of implementations. 4. Strategies that prioritized control based on weed population and spatial characteristics were most effective, with plant population size and spatial distribution being the key parameters. The reduction in geographical range within a catchment or region following control was always greater for H. mantegazzianum than I. glandulifera due to its slower rate of spread. 5. Successful control of both species at a regional scale is only possible for strategies based on species distribution data, undertaken at relatively high intensities and efficiencies. The importance of understanding the spatial structure of the population and potential habitat available, as well as being able to monitor the progress of the eradication programme, is highlighted. Tentative conclusions are offered as to the feasibility of eradicating these species at a regional scale.
Preliminary Studies of the Tardigrade Fauna of the Faroe Bank

Abstract Four cruises to the Faroe Bank have collected bottom samples for qualitative analysis of the meiofauna. The preliminary results show a very rich tardigrade fauna, with a large proportion of species new to science. At present 35 species of tardigrades belonging to 4 families (6 sub-families) have been found, of these are 22 new to science (63%). The 35 species comprise more than 20% of all known marine tardigrades. Halechiniscidae is represented by 30 species (1 Euclavarctinae, 11 Styraconyxinae, 12 Tanarctinae, 3 Halechiniscinae, 2 Florarctinae and 1Dipodarctinae). This family comprises 87.87% of the specimens sorted out so far. Specimens from the subfamilies Tanarctinae (46.63%) and Styraconyxinae (31.54%) are dominating. Batillipedidae is represented with 3species (8.63% of the specimens) and Coronarctidae (1.89%) and Stygarctidae (1.61%) with a single species each. Samples with similar sediment from 104—260 m depth have similar species distribution in the families. This implicates that the sediment is the key factor involved in the species distribution and that depth is less important. The calcareous sediment is a unique substrate and the tardigrade fauna of the Faroe Bank can be compared with that of sub-tropical and tropical coralline sand. The composition of species exhibits a strong taxonomic affinity with the tardigrade fauna from more southern latitudes, i.e. the Mediterranean Sea and the south-eastern coast of USA.
Biology of a South American Population ofEretmocerussp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Attacking the Greenhouse Whitefly☆

Eretmocerussp. was found parasitizing the greenhouse whiteflyTrialeurodes vaporariorumon tomatoes in Argentina. The objective of the present paper is to make a contribution to the knowledge of some biological parameters ofEretmocerussp. and to evaluate its potential as an agent for biological control. Preimaginal developmental time was estimated simultaneously with that ofEncarsia formosa,another aphelinid parasitoid ofT. vaporariorum,at two different temperatures: 26 ± 1°C and 29 ± 1°C (relative humidity (RH): 50–75%, photoperiod: 14L:10D). The following biological parameters ofEretmocerussp. were also analyzed: longevity, survival rate (lx) and age-specific fertility (mx) of the adult, sex rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), and generational time (Tc). For this purpose a life table was constructed for the parasitoid at 26 ± 1°C, RH: 50–80%, and photoperiod: 14L:10D. Results were as follows:Eretmocerussp. had a longer developmental time at 26 ± 1°C (19.8 days) than at 29 ± 1°C (19.3 days) (ANOVA,P < 0.05). This time was also longer than that ofE. formosaat both temperatures (ANOVA,P < 0.05). The life table showed mean longevity of the adult: 12.8 days (female) and 7.0 days (male);lx50(adults): 12–13 days; mean sex rate: 0.57 (females/(females + males));rm: 0.195 females/female/day;R0: 100.8 females/female;Tc: 23.7 days. Results suggest thatEretmocerussp. could be used in addition toE. formosain the control of the greenhouse whitefly.
ACTION SPECTRA FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHLOROPHYLLS a AND b AND β‐CAROTENE

Abstract— Action spectra for the formation of chlorophyll b and β‐carotene were determined with etiolated wheat leaves and compared with the action spectrum for the formation of chlorophyll a determined for the same samples. The action spectra were measured with etiolated leaves which had been pre‐illuminated for 10 min and incubated in the dark for 4 h to eliminate induction of pigments. The action spectra for chlorophyll b and for β‐carotene accorded with the action spectrum for chlorophyll a and with the absorption spectrum of protochlorophyllide in intact etiolated leaves. It is postulated from this result with chlorophyll b that this pigment is formed from protochlorophyllide through chlorophyll a or some intermediates to chlorophyll a. Complexing between chlorophylls and β‐carotene and proteins is postulated to interpret the action spectrum for β‐carotene. It is assumed that the low concentration of chlorophylls formed photochemically limits the rate of complexing, and that consumption of β‐carotene for the complexing induces formation of new β‐carotene.
Flow Cytometry Assessment of Microalgae Physiological Alterations under CO2 Injection

Growth rate (GR), esterase activity (EA), membrane potential (MP), and DNA content were measured by flow cytometry to test if this powerful tool could be included in risk assessment and monitoring programs. This study tests a battery of endpoints that were measured on Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus as model species, under high levels of injected CO2 to be proposed as biomarkers of effect. New technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) bring positive consequences on CO2 mitigation strategies but also could have negative consequences if a CO2 leakage occurs during injection. Under this scenario, pH might drop down to 4 pH units around the pipe where the leakage happens. The study focus on to ascertain if the endpoints fulfill the requirements such as sensitiveness, be timely and cost‐effective, be easy to measure and interpret, and be nondestructive, valuable attributes in effective biomarkers. CO2 injected at high levels significantly affects the EA, the membrane polarization, as well as GRs. However the DNA content did not shown a clear response under this condition. In conclusion, the GR, the EA, and the MP analyzed by flow cytometry fulfilled the attributes mentioned above and are proposed as biomarkers of effect in CCS monitoring programs. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Psychotropic drug concentrations and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Introduction The use of psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents is widespread but associated with suboptimal treatment effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can improve safety of psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents but is not routinely performed. A major reason is that the relationship between drug concentrations and effects is not well known. Areas covered This systematic review evaluated studies assessing the relationship between psychotropic drug concentrations and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents, including antipsychotics, psychostimulants, alpha-agonists, antidepressants, and mood-stabilizers. PRISMA guidelines were used and a quality assessment of the retrieved studies was performed. Sixty-seven eligible studies involving 24 psychotropic drugs were identified from 9,298 records. The findings were generally heterogeneous and the majority of all retrieved studies were not of sufficient quality. For 11 psychotropic drugs, a relationship between drug concentrations and side-effects and/or effectiveness was evidenced in reasonably reported and executed studies, but these findings were barely replicated. Expert opinion In order to better support routine TDM in child- and adolescent psychiatry, future work must improve in aspects of study design, execution and reporting to demonstrate drug concentration-effect relationships. The quality criteria proposed in this work can guide future TDM research. Systematic review protocol and registration PROSPERO CRD42018084159
The μ‐opioid receptor gene A118G polymorphism is associated with insecure attachment in children with disruptive mood regulation disorder and their mothers

The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the μ‐opioid receptor gene, with high expression of the A allele and low expression of the G allele, has been associated with emotional/behavioral dysregulation and depressive disorders and is recognized as a mediator of affiliative behavior. No study has thus far investigated this SNP in school‐age children with disruptive mood regulation disorder (DMDD). This study compared a sample of healthy children and their mothers with a sample of children with DMDD and their mothers, evaluating whether insecure attachment and psychopathological symptoms are associated with A allele‐ or G allele‐carrying mothers and children and whether caregiving capacities are associated with A allele‐ or G allele‐carrying mothers.
Physical health interventions on adolescent mental health inpatient units: A systematic review and call to action

Physical health inequalities experienced by people with mental health conditions are labelled an international scandal; due to the 15 to 30‐year gap in life expectancy, driven mostly by physical health conditions. Lifestyle interventions are recommended to prevent the onset of poor physical health in people with mental illness. Yet, there is less high‐quality evidence for adolescents, particularly those in inpatient settings. We aimed to assess existing literature reporting physical health or lifestyle interventions conducted on adolescent mental health inpatient units.
Intracellular Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products Induces Osteoblast Apoptosis Via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Osteoporosis is an aging‐associated disease that is attributed to excessive osteoblast apoptosis. It is known that the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bone extracellular matrix deteriorates osteoblast functions. However, little is known about the interaction between intracellular AGE accumulation and the induction of osteoblast apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of intracellular AGE accumulation on osteoblast apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, murine osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were treated with glycolaldehyde (GA), an AGE precursor. GA‐induced intracellular AGE accumulation progressed in time‐ and dose‐dependent manners, followed by apoptosis induction. Intracellular AGE formation also activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related proteins (such as glucose‐regulated protein 78, inositol‐requiring protein‐1α (IRE1α), and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase) and induced apoptosis. In agreement, treatment with the ER stress inhibitor 4‐phenylbutyric acid and knocking down IRE1α expression ameliorated osteoblast apoptosis. Furthermore, the ratio between AGE‐ and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive osteoblasts in human vertebral bodies was significantly higher in an elderly group than in a younger group. A positive linear correlation between the ratio of AGE‐positive and TUNEL‐positive osteoblasts (r = 0.72) was also observed. Collectively, these results indicate that AGEs accumulated in osteoblasts with age and that intracellular AGE accumulation induces apoptosis via ER stress. These findings offer new insight into the mechanisms of osteoblast apoptosis and age‐related osteoporosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Validation of MicroRNA-188-5p Inhibition Power on Tumor Cell Proliferation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Given the crucial role of microRNAs in the cellular proliferation of various types of cancers, we aimed to analyze the expression and function of a cellular proliferation-associated miR-188-5p in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Here we demonstrate that miR-188-5p is downregulated in PTC tumor tissues compared with the associated noncancerous tissues. We also validate that the miR-188-5p overexpression suppressed the PTC cancer cell proliferation. In addition, fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) is observed to be downregulated in the PTC tumor tissues compared with the associated noncancerous tissues. Subsequently, FGF5 is identified as the direct functional target of miR-188-5p. Moreover, the silencing of FGF5 was found to inhibit PTC cell proliferation, which is the same pattern as miR-188-5p overexpression. These results suggest that miR-188-5p-associated silencing of FGF5 inhibits tumor cell proliferation in PTC. It also highlights the importance of further evaluating miR-188-5p as a potential biomarker and therapy target in PTC.
Adverse drug reactions in adolescents: a review of reporting to a national pharmacovigilance system

ABSTRACT Objective Adverse drug reactions (ADR) cause significant morbidity, mortality and health costs and have an important prevalence in all ages. Few studies focus on ADR in adolescents. The goal of this study was to characterize a case series of ADR reported to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System (PPS) of the National Authority of Medicines and Health Products (INFARMED, I.P.) during an eleven-year period (from 2006 to 2016) concerning this specific population. Methods Retrospective analysis of reports concerning patients from 10 to 18 years received by the PPS between 2006 and 2016. The authors evaluated patients’ demographics (age and sex). The characteristics and seriousness of the reactions, the type of reaction reported, and the drugs involved were assessed. Results The authors found 782 reports (59% females). Most reports came from physicians (61%). Overall 80% of the reports described serious ADR. A greater proportion of serious events was found among males. Most reactions referred to general disorders and administration site conditions (38%), followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue reactions (33%). In 3rd and 4th were gastrointestinal disorders (24%) and the nervous system disorders (23%), the former more frequent among females. Vaccines were the most represented group (42%) followed by antibacterials for systemic use (19%). Conclusion Major findings considering drugs involved and the reported reactions varied according to age and sex.
Verification of Underlying Genetic Cause in a Cohort of Russian Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using Targeted Next Generation Sequencing

Russian patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) were screened for pathogenic mutations using targeted next generation sequencing. Genetic testing was performed in 52 probands with definite or probable FH based on the Dutch lipid clinic network criteria (DLCN score ≥ 6). Blood samples were studied by massive parallel sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 1500 platform) using a custom capture library related to dyslipidemia and premature atherosclerosis. Mutations considered to be responsible for monogenic FH were identified in 48% of the probands: 24 with mutations in the LDLR gene and two with a mutation in the APOB gene. There were 22 pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in LDLR, eight of which have not been previously described in the literature. Four patients with a clinical picture of homozygous FH had two heterozygous LDLR mutations. Although mutation-negative patients had highly elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, only half of them had a family history of hypercholesterolemia. With respect to heterozygous FH, mutation-positive patients had higher maximum total cholesterol levels (p = 0.01), more severe carotid atherosclerotic lesions, and a higher percentage of premature peripheral artery disease (p = 0.03) than mutation-negative ones. However, the number of patients who suffered from myocardial infarction was similar between the two groups.
Patient satisfaction and acute psychiatric inpatient treatment

Abstract Background: Patient satisfaction (PS) with treatment is one of different outcome- and quality measures used by health care providers worldwide to improve service. We report from a study of patients admitted to the Department of Acute Psychiatry at the Oslo University Hospital where we investigated PS and difference between genders, days of hospital stay, diagnostic groups, voluntary—and involuntary admitted patients according to hospital records and perceived voluntary—and involuntary admittance. Materials and methods: All admitted patients during a 9-month period in 2014 were asked to participate by written consent. We used The Psychiatric Inpatient Questionnaire (PIPEQ), a self-report survey validated for assessment post-discharge. Analyses were conducted for a general dimension of PS and individual questions. A user representative was a part of the study from the beginning. Results: A total of 357 patients were asked and 256 consented. Results show that 68% were over all satisfied and 14% dissatisfied. Highest PS was found for cooperation with relatives and lowest for influence on choice of treatment and medication. We found no significant difference in PS between men and women, but patients with a personality disorder and with short stay were less satisfied. PS was significantly less for those perceiving involuntary admission regardless of legal status. Conclusion: The PIPEQ gives important input of patient’s experience with the delivery of care. Answers range from very much satisfied to not at all depending on what was asked for. Exploring PS provides valuable information for quality improvements for different patient groups.
Influence of the carbon concentrating mechanism on carbon stable isotope discrimination by the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana

There is no clear explanation why phytoplankton δ13C values are more negative in colder waters, but one current theory suggests that because colder waters hold more CO2, there is less diffusional limitation of CO2. This results in more discrimination against 13C and more negative phytoplankton δ13Cvalues. However, many species are able to actively take up CO2 or HCO3-, the latter being the major inorganic carbon species present in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool of modern oceans. A previous study suggests that carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) induction would affect carbon isotope discrimination, and this study confirms the presence of a relationship between discrimination and induction of a CCM in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. CCM induction was measured by determining the half-saturation constant of photosynthesis (K0.5DIC). Values of K0.5DIC increased from 85 to 470 m M DIC over a range of ambient DIC levels from 0.2 to 2.7 mM. The fractionation factor increased from 10 to 21.
Immunocytochemical studies on the localization of plasma and of cellular retinol-binding proteins and of transthyretin (prealbumin) in rat liver and kidney

The immunocytochemical localization of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), of plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), and of plasma transthyretin (TTR) was studied in rat liver and kidney. The studies employed normal rats, retinol-deficient rats, and rats fed excess retinol. Antisera were prepared in rabbits against purified rat CRBP, RBP, and TTR. The primary antibodies and goat anti-rabbit IgG were purified by immunosorbent affinity chromatography, using the respective pure antigen coupled to Sepharose as the immunosorbent. This procedure effectively removed cross-reactive and heterophile antibodies, which permitted the specific staining and localization of each antigen by the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. CRBP was found to be localized in two cell types in the liver, the parenchymal cells and the fat-storing cells. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining for CRBP was seen in all the parenchymal cells. Much more intense staining for CRBP was seen in the fat-storing cells. The prominence of the CRBP-positive fat- storing cells changed markedly with vitamin A status. Thus, these cells were most prominent, and appeared most numerous, in liver from rats fed excess retinol. Both RBP and TTR were localized within liver parenchymal cells. The intensity of RBP staining increased markedly in retinol-deficient rat liver, consistent with previous biochemical observations. With the methods employed, specific staining for RBP or TTR was not seen in cells other than the parenchymal cells. In the kidney, all three proteins (CRBP, RBP, and TTR) were localized in the proximal convoluted tubules of the renal cortex. Staining for RBP was much more intense in normal kidney than in kidney from retinol- deficient rats. These findings reflect the fact that RBP in the tubules represents filtered and reabsorbed RBP. The pattern of specific staining for CRBP among the various tubules was very similar to that seen for RBP on adjacent, serial sections of kidney. The function of CRBP in the kidney is not known.
Bioactive Metabolites from the Mariana Trench Sediment-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SY2107

Mariana Trench sediments are enriched in microorganisms, however, the structures and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites are not very known. In this study, a fungus Penicillium sp. SY2107 was isolated from a sample of Mariana Trench sediment collected at a depth of 11000 m and an extract prepared from the culture of this fungus in rice medium showed antimicrobial activities. Chemical investigation on this active extract led to the isolation of 16 compounds, including one novel meroterpenoid, named andrastone C. Structure of the new compound was elucidated based on high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses and a single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of a known meroterpenoid andrastone B was also reported in this study. Both andrastones B and C exhibited antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in a range from 6 to 13 μg/mL.
Dataset decay and the problem of sequential analyses on open datasets

Open data allows researchers to explore pre-existing datasets in new ways. However, if many researchers reuse the same dataset, multiple statistical testing may increase false positives. Here we demonstrate that sequential hypothesis testing on the same dataset by multiple researchers can inflate error rates. We go on to discuss a number of correction procedures that can reduce the number of false positives, and the challenges associated with these correction procedures.