Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Depth Image Generation for Unseen Object Amodal Instance Segmentation

This research proposes an automatic instance-wise depth image estimation method for Unseen Object Amodal Instance Segmentation (UOAIS), which predicts depth images automatically by sharing features of other prediction branches. The depth images can provide valuable information for amodal mask generation. To achieve good performance, the model estimates the depth images in two steps by adding two extra depth branches to the original UOAIS model. A new feature fusion scheme incorporating these two branches is also designed to facilitate information sharing between tasks. The new model is evaluated on OCID and UOAIS-Sim evaluation datasets. Compared with the performance of the original model with pure RGB input, the AP50 of the new model increases by 0.685% on the UOAIS-Sim evaluation dataset, and the overlap and boundary F measures increase by 2.3% and 1.6% respectively on the OCID dataset. Consequently, the model achieves similar performance to those which need RGB-D images as input. It has the potential to serve as a compromise plan for UOAIS if the collection of real scene-depth images is difficult or unavailable.
Ultraviolet Spectra and Geometric Albedos of 45 Asteroids

Abstract Spectral reflectances and geometric albedos between 2300 and 3250 A are determined for 45 asteroids from data acquired by the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite. The geometric albedos are consistently tow, ranging from ∼0.02 for C-type asteroids to ∼0.08 for M-type asteroids. An exception is the single E-type asteroid (44 Nysa) with a geometric albedo of 0.3 at 2950 A. We find that the three major asteroid taxonomic classes persist into the UV. The taxonomic classes are distinguished primarily by their albedos, but S types are generally redder than C or M types. The first ultraviolet phase curves of asteroids are presented.
Multi-user detection for CPM spread system with turbo in VDES

The multi-user detection technology uses the spread sequence, delay, amplitude and phase information of each user to jointly detect users, which can effectively suppress multiple access interference, It is one of the key technologies in satellite communication system to make full use of uplink spectrum resources and improve system performance and capacity. Continuous phase modulation spread signal can adapt to multi-user communication due to the random variation of spread sequence, which is gradually applied to satellite communication. QPSK-CPM spread modulation scheme is adopted in the random access channel of VHF data exchange system. Aiming at the multi-user detection problem of QPSK-CPM spread system, proposing a multi-user detection algorithm based on interference elimination joint Turbo iterative detection based on the characteristics of CPM spread sequence. Compared with the traditional serial interference cancellation algorithm, the algorithm can effectively eliminate the multiple access interference problem caused by user aliasing by using the characteristics of Turbo codes. The theoretical simulation shows that the algorithm has a good detection effect on multi-user aliased signals.
Triply-differential cross sections for ionisation of hydrogen atoms by electrons and positrons

A derivation is given of the exact form of the three-body Coulomb wavefunction in the asymptotic region where the separation of all particles tends to infinity. Using a modification of the method of Pluvinage (1951), an approximate three-body scattering wavefunction is derived that satisfies this boundary condition. Triply-differential cross sections (TDCS) for electron impact ionisation of atomic hydrogen calculated with this scattering wavefunction, which contains no free parameters, show excellent agreement with measurements at impact energies greater than 150 eV. The corresponding TDCS for positron impact ionisation are also presented.
Quality of life and psychosocial health of older people who were living alone or with another older person in Singapore

As the proportion of older people in the world continues to rise, many older people are living apart from their immediate and extended families. Their ability to continue to live independently and to enjoy optimal quality of life depends on their physical and psychosocial health. This study examined the quality of life and psychosocial health of older people who were living independently. Sixty community-dwellers aged 65 or above and who were living alone or with another older person participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were relatively satisfied with QOL. They perceived poorer physical health when compared with social, psychological and environment domains of QOL. Compared with those living with other person, participants who were living alone were significantly associated with probable executive cognitive function impairment and poorer physically independence in IADL, and lower satisfaction with physical health domain of QOL and with social support. Healthcare professionals have the responsibilities to identify older people at risk and adopt appropriate interventions to enhance their psychosocial health and quality of life.
Would the volatility of oil price aﬀect the GDP of a country ?

Singapore is a small and open economy but is highly engaged in oil-related business. This study focuses on testing whether the volatility of oil price would affect the GDP of a country. Singapore is used as a case study. We used ARDL and Nonlinear ARDL for the analysis. Our findings are: i) There is a long-term correlation between Oil and GDP. ii) The Granger causality shows that GDP affects Oil rather than the other way around based on VDC of the ARDL. iii) NARDL shows a positive change in Oil does affect GDP in the long-run. However, a negative change is not significant. iv) There is a long-run asymmetry between Oil and GDP, but only symmetry in the short -run. v) The GDP will fluctuate positively and negatively in the short-run before coming back to equilibrium. Each of the results is given theoretical and logical interpretations.
Nonconforming Finite Element Analysis for a Plate Contact Problem

In this paper we present a discretization of the obstacle problem for a thin plate by the mixed finite elements method of a new variational formulation which can be obtained directly from the inequality of the hypersphere. The mathematical analysis of this method leads to two optimal rates of convergence. Numerical results are obtained and compared with those of the classical approaches using the primal and dual variational formulations. Finally, we give a convergence result.
Meat quality characteristics of Tankwa goats from Carnarvon, Northern Cape

The aim of this study was to determine the post-mortem meat quality characteristics of extensively reared Tankwa goats to identify the most favourable age and sex for slaughter. Twenty-four goats, representing five groups, namely young intact males (G1), young females (G25), young castrates (G3), old males (G4), and females (G5), were selected directly from their natural grazing environment and slaughtered to evaluate meat quality characteristics. The Musculus longissimus and Musculus semimembranosus from the right side of each carcass were evaluated. Dressing percentage and chilling losses did not differ significantly between the groups. Ultimate pH at 24 hours after slaughter was higher for males than females. Meat colour, water-holding capacity, and sarcomere length did not differ between groups. Myofibril fragmentation length (MFL) was on average less than 40 μm and was shorter in younger animals. There were no significant differences in cooking loss and thawing loss for M. longissimus and M. semimembranosus between groups. There were no significant differences in Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) between groups for meat from the M. semimembranosus. However, WBSF of the M. longissimus was higher in older animals. Overall, meat from these goats can be regarded as tender because meat with a WBSF below 5.5 is considered as tender.
Metamaterial-based integrated plasmonic absorber/emitter for solar thermo-photovoltaic systems

We present the concept of a solar thermo-photovoltaic (STPV) collection system based on a large-area, nanoimprint-patterned film of plasmonic structures acting as an integrated solar absorber/narrow-band thermal emitter (SANTE). The SANTE film concept is based on integrating broad-band solar radiation absorption with selective narrow-band thermal IR radiation which can be efficiently coupled to a photovoltaic (PV) cell for power generation. By employing a low reflectivity refractory metal (e.g., tungsten) as a plasmonic material, we demonstrate that the absorption spectrum of the SANTE film can be designed to be broad-band in the visible range and narrow-band in the infrared range. A detailed balance calculation demonstrates that the total STPV system efficiency exceeds the Shockley–Queisser limit for emitter temperatures above Te = 1200 K, and achieves an efficiency as high as 41% for Te = 2300 K. Emitter temperatures in this range are shown to be achievable under modest sun concentrations (less than 1000 suns) due to the thermal insulation provided by the SANTE film. An experimental demonstration of the wide-angle, frequency-selective absorptivity is presented.
ABILITY IN PHYSICS USING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA-BASED- PROBLEM-SOLVING” disubmit melalui OJS IMPROVING STUDENTS’ THINKING ABILITY IN PHYSICS USING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA-BASED-PROBLEM-SOLVING” (MMI-PS)

The purpose of this research is to see that improving student learning outcomes is influenced by 2 values, namely the quality of teaching and the teaching methods of teachers. Furthermore, this study aims to analyze the problem solving abilities of students in physics education programs after they have been exposed to interactive multimedia-based problem solving methods. This research seeks to produce knowledge that can serve as a basis for further large-scale studies and interventions and informing policy makers and developers of problem solving learning programs and implementing teacher perspectives about the quality of assistance they need and, thereby, stimulating reflection about possible ways to overcome existing obstacles. The research type is quasi-experiment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The test of science process skills in the form of formal descriptions as well as reasoning tests in the form of descriptions were used as instruments for this study. The results show that the problem solving ability of students who study physics using interactive multi-media based problem solving is better than students who learn through conventional methods.
Intense few-cycle laser fields: Frontiers of nonlinear optics

The rise time of intense radiation determines the maximum field strength atoms can be exposed to before their polarizability dramatically drops due to the detachment of an outer electron. Recent progress in ultrafast optics has allowed the generation of ultraintense light pulses comprising merely a few field oscillation cycles. The arising intensity gradient allows electrons to survive in their bound atomic state up to external field strengths many times higher than the binding Coulomb field and gives rise to ionization rates comparable to the light frequency, resulting in a significant extension of the frontiers of nonlinear optics and (nonrelativistic) high-field physics. Implications include the generation of coherent harmonic radiation up to kiloelectronvolt photon energies and control of the atomic dipole moment on a subfemtosecond $(1{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{s}=10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}\mathrm{}\mathrm{s})$ time scale. This review presents the landmarks of the 30-odd-year evolution of ultrashort-pulse laser physics and technology culminating in the generation of intense few-cycle light pulses and discusses the impact of these pulses on high-field physics. Particular emphasis is placed on high-order harmonic emission and single subfemtosecond extreme ultraviolet/x-ray pulse generation. These as well as other strong-field processes are governed directly by the electric-field evolution, and hence their full control requires access to the (absolute) phase of the light carrier. We shall discuss routes to its determination and control, which will, for the first time, allow access to the electromagnetic fields in light waves and control of high-field interactions with never-before-achieved precision.
Maximum scattered linear sets of pseudoregulus type and the Segre variety S n,n

In this paper we study a family of scattered F q -linear sets of rank tn of the projective space PG ( 2 n − 1 ,q t ) ( n ≥ 1, t ≥ 3), called of pseudoregulus type , generalizing results contained in Lavrauw and van de Voorde, Des. Codes Crypt. 20 (1) (2013) and in Marino et al. J. Combin. Theory, Ser. A 114:769–788 (2007). As an application, we characterize, in terms of the associated linear sets, some classical families of semiﬁelds: the Generalized Twisted Fields and the 2-dimensional Knuth semiﬁelds.
The Nature of the dense obscuring material in the nucleus of NGC 1068

High spatial and spectral resolution observations of the distribution, physical parameters, and kinematics of the molecular interstellar medium toward the nucleus of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 are reported. The data consist of 2.4 by 3.4 arcseconds resolution interferometry of the 88.6 GHz HCN J = 1 towards 0 line at 17 km/s spectral resolution, single dish observations of several mm/submm isotopic lines of CO and HCN, and 0.85 arcseconds imaging spectroscopy of the 2.12 micron H2 S(1) line at a velocity resolution of 110 km/s. The central few hundred parsecs of NGC 1068 contain a system of dense (N(H2) approximately 10(exp 5) cm(exp -3)), warm (T greater than or equal to 70 K) molecular cloud cores. The low density molecular envelopes have probably been stripped by the nuclear wind and radiation. The molecular gas layer is located in the plane of NGC 1068's large scale disk (inclination approximately 35 deg) and orbits in elliptical streamlines in response to the central stellar bar. The spatial distribution of the 2 micron H2 emission suggests that gas is shocked at the leading edge of the bar, probably resulting in gas influx into the central 100 pc at a rate of a few solar mass per year. In addition to large scale streaming (with a solid body rotation curve), the HCN velocity field requires the presence of random motions of order 100 km/s. We interpret these large random motions as implying the nuclear gas disk to be very thick (scale height/radius approximately 1), probably as the result of the impact of nuclear radiation and wind on orbiting molecular clouds. Geometry and column density of the molecular cloud layer between approximately 30 pc to 300 pc from the nucleus can plausibly account for the nuclear obscuration and anisotropy of the radiation field in the visible and UV.
Internal wave generation in uniformly stratified fluids. Part 1. Green's function and point sources

In both Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq cases the Green's function of internal gravity waves is calculated, exactly for monochromatic waves and asymptotically for impulsive waves. From its differentiation the pressure and velocity fields generated by a point source are deduced. by the same method the Boussinesq monochromatic and impulsive waves radiated by a pulsating sphere are investigated. Boussinesq monochromatic waves of frequency ω < N are confined between characteristic cones θ = arccos(ω/N) tangent to the source region (N being the buoyancy frequency and θ the observation angle from the vertical). In that zone the point source model is inadequate. For the sphere an explicit form is given for the waves, which describes their conical 1/r½ radial decay and their transverse phase variations. Impulsive waves comprise gravity and buoyancy waves, whose separation process is non-Boussinesq and follows the arrival of an Airy wave. As time t elapses, inside the torus of vertical axis and horizontal radius 2Nt/β for gravity waves and inside the circumscribing cylinder for buoyancy waves, both components become Boussinesq and have wavelengths negligible compared with the scale height 2/β of the stratification. Then, gravity waves are plane propagating waves of frequency N cos θ, and buoyancy waves are radial oscillations of the fluid at frequency N; for the latter, initially propagating waves comparable with gravity waves, the horizontal phase variations have vanished and the amplitude has become insignificant as the Boussinesq zone has been entered. In this zone, outside the torus of vertical axis and horizontal radius Nta, a sphere of radius a [Lt ] 2/β is compact compared with the wavelength of the dominant gravity waves. Inside the torus gravity waves vanish by destructive interference. For the remaining buoyancy oscillations the sphere is compact outside the vertical cylinder circumscribing it, whereas the fluid is quiescent inside this cylinder.
Stereo digital particle image velocimetry investigation of a free surface mixing layer

Shear flows in the vicinity of a free surface are a problem with numerous applications, perhaps the most obvious being the wakes of seagoing surface vessels. The flow behind a full-scale ship is extremely complex – so much so that it is frequently more instructive to consider simpler cases highlighting particular elements of the larger problem. To that end, an experimental investigation has been conducted to study the behavior of a turbulent plane mixing layer intersecting a free surface at low Froude number. The local Reynolds number, based on the velocity differential across the layer and the momentum thickness, was approximately 10,000. The technique of Stereoscopic Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (SDPIV) was implemented to obtain instantaneous three-component velocity measurements within planar slices of the steady-state, spatially developing mixing layer flow. Guided by previous studies of the same flow conditions, specific depths were chosen at a single downstream station for investigation – specifically those in and around counter-rotating streamwise vortices known to exist in the mean flow very near the free surface. 3,000 consecutive SDPIV image pairs were recorded at a rate of 15 per second at each location, giving ample data for Reynolds decomposition and spectral analysis of the velocity fields. The present study has found that the anisotropy known to exist in some other free surface flows, such as surface-parallel submerged jets, is also present in the case of the mixing layer. Power spectra of all three velocity components are shown to capture part of the inertial subrange; the isotropic energy cascade seen to be present away from the free surface is also seen to disappear near the surface, as surface-normal velocity fluctuations are severely attenuated. Additionally, a low-frequency spanwise oscillation is deduced from the velocity power spectra and cospectra in the immediate vicinity of the mean streamwise vortices. Not present at all at significant depth, the motions at this frequency are also observed to markedly decrease – in all components – at locations closer to the surface. These observations appear to have both parallels and key differences compared to previously observed meandering of model boat wakes, and the possibility that the oscillation stems from the vortex-pair instability is discussed.
Peaks and decays of student knowledge in an introductory E&M course

A common format for assessment of learning is pretesting and post-testing. In this study , w e collect studenttest data several times per week throughout a course, allowing for the measurement of the changes in studentknowledge with a time resolution on the order of a few days. T o avoid the possibility of test-retest effects,separate and quasirandom subpopulations of students are tested on a variety of tasks. W e report on data takenin a calculus-based introductory E&M class populated primarily by engineering majors. Unsurprisingly for atraditional introductory course, there is little change in many conceptual questions. However , the data suggestthat some student performance peaks and decays rapidly during a quarter , a pattern consistent with memoryresearch yet unmeasurable by pretesting and post-testing. In addition, it appears that some course topics caninterfere with prior knowledge, decreasing performance on questions related to earlier topics in the course.DOI: 10.1 103/PhysRevSTPER.5. 013101 PA CS number ! s": 01.40. Fk, 01.30. lb, 01.50. Kw ,01.40. HaI. INTRODUCTION
On A 21 restrictions of Weyl arrangements

Let A be a Weyl arrangement in an (cid:2) -dimensional Euclidean space. The freeness of restrictions of A was ﬁrst settled by a case-by-case method by Orlik and Terao (Tôhoku Math J 52: 369–383, 1993), and later by a uniform argument by Douglass (Represent Theory 3: 444–456, 1999). Prior to this, Orlik and Solomon (Proc Symp Pure Math Amer Math Soc 40(2): 269–292, 1983) had completely determined the exponents of these arrangements by exhaustion. A classical result due to Orlik et al. (Adv Stud Pure Math 8: 461–77, 1986) asserts that the exponents of any A 1 restriction, i.e., the restriction of A to a hyperplane, are given by { m 1 , . , m (cid:2) − 1 } , where exp ( A ) = { m 1 , . , m (cid:2) } with m 1 ≤ · · · ≤ m (cid:2) . As a next step towards conceptual understanding of the restriction exponents, we will investigate the A 21 restrictions, i.e., the restrictions of A to the subspaces of type A 21 . In this paper, we give a combinatorial description of the exponents and describe bases for the modules of derivations of the A 21 restrictions in terms of the classical notion of related roots by Kostant (Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 41:967–970, 1955).
Self-, Air, and Helium Broadening in the ν2 Band of H2S

Abstract The broadening of H 2 S transitions in the ν 2 band was measured with H 2 S, air, and helium as perturbers using a pulsed tunable diode laser spectrometer. Up to 20 lines (for self-broadening) with J ″ ≤ 8 and K ″ a ≤ 5 have been studied at room temperature. The self- and air-broadening coefficients show a weak decrease with increasing J ″(0.121 cm −1 /atm ≤ γ self ≤ 0. 186 cm −1 /atm and 0.072 cm −1 /atm ≤ γ air ≤ 0.116 cm −1 /atm, respectively). Helium broadening was measured for the first time, showing a strong J ″ dependence of γ (0.042 cm −1 /atm ≤ γ He ≤ 0.099 cm −1 /atm).
Differential Intensity Sensitivity of the Ear for Pure Tones

The ratio of the minimum perceptible increment in sound intensity to the total intensity, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}$, which is called the differential sensitivity of the ear, was measured as a function of frequency and intensity. Measurements were made over practically the entire range of frequencies and intensities for which the ear is capable of sensation. The method used was that of beating tones, this method giving the simplest transition from one intensity to another. The source of sound was a special moving coil telephone receiver having very little distortion, actuated by alternating currents from vacuum tube oscillators. Observations were made on twelve male observers. Average curves show that at any frequency, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}$ is practically constant for intensitites greater than ${10}^{6}$ times the threshold intensity; near the auditory threshold $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}$ increases. Weber's law holds above this intensity, the value of $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}=\mathrm{constant}$ lying between 0.05 and 0.15 depending on the frequency. As a function of frequency $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}$ is a minimum at about 2500 c.p.s. , the minimum being more sharply defined at low sound intensities than it is at high. This frequency corresponds to the region of greatest absolute sensitivity of the ear. Analytical expressions are given [Eqs. (2), (3), (4) and (5)] which represent $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}$, within the error of observation, as a function of frequency and intensity. Using these equations it is calculated that at about 1300 c.p.s. the ear can distinguish 370 separate tones between the threshold of audition and the threshold of feeling.