Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Model Approach of Education for Sustainable Development: Exploring the Concepts of Water, Energy and Waste in Primary Education

Education for Sustainable Development requires improving the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of students at all levels of education. However, this should start from the earliest stages of education, promoting an effective teaching/learning process of key concepts for sustainable development. Accordingly, the general objective of this research was to analyze the concepts of water, energy and waste in the primary education curriculum (6–12 years) in Spain. A qualitative research approach was followed, with an exploratory and descriptive design. A system of categories was established for each of the concepts under study, with the aim of classifying the references found, analyzing their integration into the different subjects, academic courses, curricular elements and levels of cognitive demand required of the students. The results of the lexicographical analysis of the content reveal that the regulations governing primary education in Spain mainly focus on the concept of energy and, to a lesser extent, on the concepts of water and waste. In addition, cognitive levels of knowledge and comprehension predominate based on the taxonomy used. The results suggest the need to develop initiatives for the educational framework that promote not only learning, but also attitudes and behaviors that contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Obfuscation in Mutual Funds

Mutual funds hold 32% of the U.S. equity market and comprise 58% of retirement savings, yet retail investors consistently make poor choices when selecting funds. Theory suggests that poor choices are partially due to mutual fund managers creating unnecessarily complex disclosures and fee structures to keep investors uninformed and obfuscate poor performance. An empirical challenge in investigating this “strategic obfuscation” theory is isolating manipulated complexity from complexity arising from inherent differences across funds. We examine obfuscation among S&P 500 index funds, which have largely the same regulations, risks, and gross returns but can charge widely different fees. Using bespoke measures of complexity designed for mutual funds, we find evidence consistent with funds attempting to obfuscate high fees. Our study improves our understanding of why investors make poor mutual fund choices, and of how price dispersion persists among homogeneous index funds. We also discuss insights for mutual fund regulation and the academic literature on corporate disclosures.
Lepidoptera Pupae. Central European Species

This outstanding work is a manual that enables one to identify pupae, or empty pupal skins, of about two thirds (some 2,600 species) of the Central European Lepidoptera. The text part of about 560 pages comprises a short introduction, identification keys, and species-for species accounts including succinct descriptions of pupal morphology as well as information about habitats, life-style and food plants. The illustration part consists of 271 plates including more than 8,000 line drawings of the treated pupae and/or structural details pertinent for their identification.
The smallest anthropoids : the marmoset/callimico radiation

Phylogeny. - Molecular Phylogenetics of the Callitrichidae with an Emphasis on the Marmosets and Callimico. - The Systematics and Distributions of the Marmosets (Callithrix, Callibella, Cebuella, and Mico) and Callimico (Callimico) (Callitrichidae, Primates). - The Vocal Identity of the Callithrix Species (Primates, Callitrichidae). - Reproductive, Social, and Cognitive Behavior. - Social Behavior of Callimicos: Mating Strategies and Infant Care. - Genetic Structure Within and Among Populations of the Common Marmoset, Callithrix jacchus: Implications for Cooperative Breeding. - Mating Systems and Female-Female Competition in the Common Marmoset, Callithrix jacchus. - Balancing Cooperation and Competition in Callitrichid Primates: Examining the Relative Risk of Infanticide Across Species. - Social Hierarchy and Dispersal in Free-Ranging Buffy-Headed Marmosets (Callithrix flaviceps). - Emigration as a Reproductive Strategy of the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). - Social and Physical Cognition in Marmosets and Tamarins. - Ranging Behavior and Locomotion. - Limited Dispersal and Genetic Structure of Silvery Marmosets (Mico argentatus) in the Fragmented Landscape of Central Amazonia. - Habitat Use and Ranging Behavior of the Silvery Marmoset (Mico argentatus) at Caxiuana National Forest (Eastern Brazilian Amazonia). - Ranging Patterns of Callimico goeldii (callimico) in a Mixed Species Group. - A Comparative Study of the Kinematics of Trunk-to-Trunk Leaping in Callimico goeldii, Callithrix jacchus, and Cebuella pygmaea. - Locomotion, Postures, and Habitat Use by Pygmy Marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea). - Anatomy. - Mother's Little Helper? The Placenta and Its Role in Intrauterine Maternal Investment in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). - Size and Shape in Callimico and Marmoset Skulls: Allometry and Heterochrony in the Morphological Evolution of Small Anthropoids. - Cranial Morphology of the Dwarf Marmoset Callibella in the Context of Callitrichid Variability. - The Functional Significance of Jaw-Muscle Fiber Architecture in Tree-Gouging Marmosets. - The Evolutionary Morphology of Tree Gouging in Marmosets. - Marmoset Postcrania and the Skeleton of the Dwarf Marmoset, Callibella Humilis. - Conservation. - Conservation Status of Pygmy Marmosets (Cebuella Pygmaea) in Ecuador. - Conservation of the Marmosets and Callimicos.
Tube-forming polychaetes enhance invertebrate diversity and abundance in sandy sediments of Mozambique, Africa

In marine soft-bottom systems, polychaetes can increase habitat complexity by constructing rigid tubes (e.g. several onuphid species) that contrast with surrounding topographically flat sediments. These structures can provide predation refuges and increase larval settlement and thereby increase the richness and abundance of fauna. We collected invertebrate samples from an intertidal flat with low onuphid tube density (2.7 m–2) in Mozambique and document that more organisms (70 times higher mollusc abundances) and more species (15 times more mollusc species) were found associated with solitary tubes of an onuphid polychaete compared with surrounding sand habitats. These results are in agreement with tube versus sand comparisons from soft-bottom systems in the North Atlantic where polychaete tube densities are often much higher.
Moving markets? Government bond investors and microeconomic policy changes

Do sovereign bond markets react systematically to microeconomic policy reforms? Some observers suggest that investors are very attentive to supply‐side policies such as those related to labor markets, corporate taxation, and product standards. They argue that, along with macroeconomic outcomes and broad financial market conditions, such reforms affect sovereign bond premiums, for developed as well as emerging economies. In contrast, we predict few systematic effects of supply‐side policy reforms on sovereign bond market outcomes. Our theory draws on a standard three‐equation model of the economy, widely accepted among economic and finance professionals. That model makes few clear predictions regarding the anticipated effects of microeconomic policy changes; as a result, we expect that such reforms will not generate systematic market reactions. Our analyses, based on daily data from 37 countries from 2004 to 2012, indeed reveal little evidence of a systematic bond market reaction to the 47 most significant reforms to corporate taxation and labor market regulation. These results call into question the notion that “bond market vigilantes” play a central role in compelling governments to enact specific microeconomic policy changes.
Investigating Thai English Teachers’ Classroom Management Strategies in a Secondary School Context

The present study aims to investigate classroom management strategies employed by Thai English teachers, to compare classroom management strategies employed by experienced and novice teachers, and to explore how those teachers come to the decision of executing their classroom management strategies. Accordingly, an explanatory sequential mixed-methods research design was applied. 73 Thai English teachers from government high schools were surveyed; followed by individual semi-structured interviews of 4 experienced and 4 novice teachers. It was found that the teachers reported using rewards strategy most frequently (e.g., oral praise), followed closely by preventative strategies (e.g., set class rules). Also, the findings showed that there was no significant difference in using classroom management strategies between experienced and novice teachers. Meanwhile, thematic analysis revealed the different beliefs among experienced and novice Thai English teachers towards teaching experience and discovered that those teachers’ decision to employ classroom management strategies was influenced by students’ behaviors, teacher’s attitudes, and teaching environment. The recommendations for teaching and teacher education were suggested. Keywords: classroom management, Thai English teacher, teaching experience, teacher decision making, secondary education DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-6-08 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
Fostering Educational Resilience and Opportunities in Urban Schools Through Equity-Focused School–Family–Community Partnerships

Over the past two decades, research on urban schools has focused predominantly on achievement gaps. However, achievement gaps exist because of gaps in opportunities for urban, low-income, and racially/ethnically diverse students. Partnerships among schools, families, and communities can provide the enrichment opportunities, support, resources, and programs that students need to be educationally resilient despite adversity. School counselors are in a unique position to promote resilience through equity-focused school–family–community partnerships and parent/family–school compacts based on empowerment, democratic collaboration, social justice, and strengths-based principles. This article describes a step-by-step, equity-focused partnership model that school counselors can implement as part of their school counseling program.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP ON AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT THROUGH CALLING AND MEMBERSHIP (A STUDY AT ZAINAB MOTHER AND CHILD HOSPITAL IN PEKANBARU)

This current research examines the influence of spiritual leadership in affective commitment through calling and membership. This research uses a sample of 110 employees either interact or experience direct policies toward the leader with a minimum of 2 years working period at Zainab Mother and Child Hospital in Pekanbaru, Riau Province. Simple and Multiple Linear Regression is used in this study to measure the contribution toward the dependent variable by using the IBM SPSS version 20. The analysis then shows the results that spiritual leadership has a significant effect on calling and membership. Calling significantly influences affective commitment, and it is similar to membership, which has significant value relates to affective commitment. Recommendations for leaders, employees, and future research are discussed.
Comparative effectiveness of improvement in pain and physical function for baricitinib versus adalimumab, tocilizumab and tofacitinib monotherapies in rheumatoid arthritis patients who are naïve to treatment with biologic or conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a matching-ad

Objective To compare improvement in pain and physical function for patients treated with baricitinib, adalimumab, tocilizumab and tofacitinib monotherapy from randomised, methotrexate (MTX)-controlled trials in conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs)/biologic (bDMARD)-naïve RA patients using matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAICs). Methods Data were from Phase III trials on patients receiving monotherapy baricitinib, tocilizumab, adalimumab, tofacitinib or MTX. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (0–100 mm) and physical function using the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). An MAIC based on treatment-arm matching, an MAIC with study-level matching and Bucher’s method without matching compared change in outcomes between therapies. Matching variables included age, gender, baseline disease activity and baseline value of outcome measure. Results With all methods, greater improvements were observed in pain and HAQ-DI at 6 months for baricitinib compared with adalimumab and tocilizumab (p<0.05). Differences in treatment effects (TEs) favouring baricitinib for pain VAS for treatment-arm matching, study-level matching and Bucher’s method, respectively, were −12, −12 and −12 for baricitinib versus adalimumab and −7, −7 and −9 for baricitinib versus tocilizumab; the difference in TEs for HAQ-DI was −0.28, −0.28 and −0.30 for adalimumab and −0.23, −0.23 and −0.26 for tocilizumab. For baricitinib versus tofacitinib, no statistically significant differences for pain improvement were observed except with one of the three methods (Bucher method) and none for HAQ-DI. Conclusions Results suggest greater pain reduction and improved physical function for baricitinib monotherapy compared with tocilizumab and adalimumab monotherapy. No statistically significant differences in pain reduction and improved physical function were observed between baricitinib and tofacitinib with the MAIC analyses.
An LES-based airborne Doppler lidar simulator and its application to wind profiling in inhomogeneous flow conditions

Abstract. Wind profiling by Doppler lidar is common practice and highly useful in a wide range of applications. Airborne Doppler lidar can provide additional insights relative to ground-based systems by allowing for spatially distributed and targeted measurements. Providing a link between theory and measurement, a first large eddy simulation (LES)-based airborne Doppler lidar simulator (ADLS) has been developed. Simulated measurements are conducted based on LES wind fields, considering the coordinate and geometric transformations applicable to real-world measurements. The ADLS provides added value as the input truth used to create the measurements is known exactly, which is nearly impossible in real-world situations. Thus, valuable insight can be gained into measurement system characteristics as well as retrieval strategies. As an example application, airborne Doppler lidar wind profiling is investigated using the ADLS. For commonly used airborne velocity azimuth display (AVAD) techniques, flow homogeneity is assumed throughout the retrieval volume, a condition which is violated in turbulent boundary layer flow. Assuming an ideal measurement system, the ADLS allows to isolate and evaluate the error in wind profiling which occurs due to the violation of the flow homogeneity assumption. Overall, the ADLS demonstrates that wind profiling is possible in turbulent wind field conditions with reasonable errors (root mean squared error of 0.36 m s−1 for wind speed when using a commonly used system setup and retrieval strategy for the conditions investigated). Nevertheless, flow inhomogeneity, e.g., due to boundary layer turbulence, can cause an important contribution to wind profiling error and is non-negligible. Results suggest that airborne Doppler lidar wind profiling at low wind speeds ( 5 m s - 1 ) can be biased, if conducted in regions of inhomogeneous flow conditions.
Mechanisms of injury in experimental glomerulonephritis

2! INDEX OF FIGURES . 10! INDEX OF TABLES . 15! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 17! DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY . 18! COPYRIGHT DECLARATION . 19! PUBLISHED MATERIAL . 20! ABBREVIATIONS . 21! CHAPTER 1 . 27! INTRODUCTION . 27! 1.1! OVERVIEW . 27! 1.2! IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNE GLOMERULAR DISEASE . 28! 1.2. 1! Antibodies to intrinsic renal antigens . 30! 1.2. 2! Deposition of immune complexes . 30! 1.2. 3! Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis . 31! 1.3! EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS OF IMMUNE GLOMERULAR DISEASE . 33! 1.3. 1! Nephrotoxic nephritis . 33! 1.3. 2! Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis . 34! 1.3. 3! Experimental autoimmune vasculitis . 36! 1.4! PATHOGENESIS OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS . 37! 1.4. 1! Fc gamma receptors . 37! 1.4. 2! Complement . 37! 1.4. 3! Circulating leukocytes . 38! 1.4. 3! Intrinsic renal cells . 51! 1.5! FAS LIGAND . 58! 1.5. 1! Introduction . 58! 1.5. 2! Fas-Fas ligand induced apoptosis . 59! 1.5. 3! Fas ligand expression . 62!
Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Seed Germination Responses to Afterripening, Temperature, Ethylene, and Some Other Environmental Factors

Germination responses of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds to temperature, water potential, atmospheric ethylene and carbon dioxide concentrations, light, and nitrate ion were examined individually. Seeds kept in dry storage at −20 C and tested within 2 yr of harvest germinated at 35 C (12 to 25%) or 39.5 C (40 to 65%), but only 0 to 2% at 30 C and below. Germination at 35 C was prevented by water potentials below −4 bars. When seeds were kept in dry storage at 24 to 28 C, afterripening became evident within 2 months. After storage at this temperature for 4 yr, seeds showed 38% germination at 14 C, 40% at 35 C and −8 bars water potential, and over 90% under more favorable conditions. Ethylene (1 to 100 ppmv) or continuous light enhanced germination at 30 C regardless of degrees of afterripening, although the ethylene effect was most dramatic in nonafterripened seeds. Ethylene at 100 ppmv caused 40% germination in these seeds, compared to 1% for controls. Neither carbon dioxide (0.001 to 4.5% v/v) nor dissolved potassium nitrate (0.02 to 0.2% w/v) influenced germination. These results are discussed in relation to environmental factors influencing field emergence of redroot pigweed.
An analysis of genetic population structure in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, based on mtDNA control region sequences

Genetic information per- taining to stock structure in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) is equivocal, com- plicating attempts to develop sound fishery management and stock enhance- ment plans. In this study, genetic stock structure was examined by using mito- chondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences of 209 individual red drum from six locations in the Gulf of Mexico and five locations in the nearshore Atlantic Ocean off the southeastern United States. Eighty-one polymorphic sites within a 369 base-pair portion of the control region defined 134 dif- ferent haplotypes which differed by up to 26 nucleotide substitutions. Red drum showed high average within-sam- ple haplotype (0.98) and nucleotide (0.030) diversities. Sequence diver- gences between pairs of haplotypes ranged from 0.27% to 7.06% (x=3.17%). Cluster analysis of haplotypes revealed very little phylogeographic structure among mtDNA lineages. However, a neighbor-joining tree based on nucleo- tide divergence between pairs of sam- ples showed cohesion among Atlantic samples and, to a lesser degree, among Gulf samples. In contrast to a prior study, we found no evidence that red drum in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, con- stitute a self-contained, reproductively isolated population. Hierarchical anal- ysis of molecular variance supported the hypothesis that red drum are subdi- vided into two weakly diverged popula- tions with a genetic transition in south Florida between Sarasota Bay and Mos- quito Lagoon. This area forms a zone of differentiation between two geneti- cally semi-isolated populations between which the structuring of heterogeneity differs from that under the assump- tion of panmixia. In addition, the analy- sis of molecular variance also indicated that red drum from Apalachicola Bay are genetically divergent from all other samples. The Atlantic and Gulf red drum populations are likely to respond independently to harvest regulations; these fisheries should continue to be managed separately. Additional subdi- vision of the Gulf stock between pen- insular Florida and the northern and western Gulf may also be warranted.
Using Machine Learning-Based Algorithms to Analyze Erosion Rates of a Watershed in Northern Taiwan

This study continues a previous study with further analysis of watershed-scale erosion pin measurements. Three machine learning (ML) algorithms—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)—were used to analyze depth of erosion of a watershed (Shihmen reservoir) in northern Taiwan. In addition to three previously used statistical indexes (Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square of Error, and R-squared), Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) was calculated to compare the predictive performances of the three models. To see if there was a statistical difference between the three models, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. The research utilized 14 environmental attributes as the input predictors of the ML algorithms. They are distance to river, distance to road, type of slope, sub-watershed, slope direction, elevation, slope class, rainfall, epoch, lithology, and the amount of organic content, clay, sand, and silt in the soil. Additionally, measurements of a total of 550 erosion pins installed on 55 slopes were used as the target variable of the model prediction. The dataset was divided into a training set (70%) and a testing set (30%) using the stratified random sampling with sub-watershed as the stratification variable. The results showed that the ANFIS model outperforms the other two algorithms in predicting the erosion rates of the study area. The average RMSE of the test data is 2.05 mm/yr for ANFIS, compared to 2.36 mm/yr and 2.61 mm/yr for ANN and SVM, respectively. Finally, the results of this study (ANN, ANFIS, and SVM) were compared with the previous study (Random Forest, Decision Tree, and multiple regression). It was found that Random Forest remains the best predictive model, and ANFIS is the second-best among the six ML algorithms.
Fatty acid profile and meat utility of wild and cultured zander, Sander lucioperca [L.]

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSREFERENCES ABSTRACT In this study, meat utility and fatty acid profiles were compared between the zander living under natural conditions (in a lake)and in cultures, the latter fed either natural food (roach, perch, rudd) or an artificial feed (a commercial pelleted trout feed). The three groups differed in the fat content of their meat, the highest and the lowest fat contents (2.87 and 0.96%,respectively) being shown in the commercial feed-kept and in the wild zander, respectively. Protein and mineral compoundscontents showed no significant differences. Muscle lipids of the three groups differed in the total contents of MUFA andPUFA: the lowest MUFA content (21.36%) was typical of the wild zander meat, while the lowest PUFA content (41.06%)was revealed in the commercial feed-fed fish. No differences were detected between the total contents of n-3PUFA, n-6PUFA, and the n-3/n-6 ratio. The content of long-chain n-3 PUFA in the meat was 2-4 times that in the food, while thecontent of long-chain n-6 PUFA was equal to or lower than that of the food. This suggests that the shorter-chain (C18) n-3fatty acids become elongated and desaturated in the zander body, which leads to the formation of long-chain acids,particularly DHA.
Global Asymptotic Stability of 2-D Digital Filters With a Saturation Operator on the State-Space

This brief investigates the global asymptotic stability (GAS) problem of two-dimensional (2-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) digital filters represented by Roesser model subject to saturation nonlinearities. A new sufficient GAS condition for the underlying 2-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> system is derived. The condition is compared with several existing stability conditions.