Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unstable Behavior of the Laurentide Ice Sheet over Deforming Sediment and Its Implications for Climate Change

Abstract Geologic records of fluctuations of the Laurentide ice sheet margin following the most recent glacial maximum (ca. 20,000 14C yr B.P.) identify fundamental differences in ice-sheet behavior depending on subglacial bed conditions. Rapid and irregular icemargin fluctuations occurred only over areas of deforming sediment, indicating nonclimatic forcing controlled by the inherent instability of coupled ice sheet-deforming sediment dynamics. In contrast, largely uninterrupted ice-margin retreat with no evidence of significant readvance occurred over rigid-bed areas, indicating stable behavior. Unstable ice-sheet behavior was most pronounced from 15,000 until 10,000 14C yr B.P., by which time most of the ice margin had retreated onto a rigid bed. Unstable ice-sheet behavior would have been an integral component in controlling variable fluxes of icebergs and meltwater, as well as meltwater routing, to the North Atlantic, thus affecting thermohaline circulation. The abrupt climate oscillations in the North Atlantic region that ended at 10,000 14C yr B.P. may thus have their origin in the inherently unstable behavior of the Laurentide ice sheet overriding deforming sediment.
Inka2, a novel Pak4 inhibitor, regulates actin dynamics in dendritic spine development

The actin filament is a fundamental part of the cytoskeleton defining cell morphology and regulating various physiological processes, including filopodia formation and dendritic spinogenesis of neurons. Serine/threonine-protein kinase Pak4, an essential effector, links Rho GTPases to control actin polymerization. Previously, we identified the Inka2 gene, a novel mammalian protein exhibiting sequence similarity to Inka1 , 25 which serves as a possible inhibitor for Pak4. Although Inka2 is dominantly expressed in the nervous system and involved in focal-adhesion dynamics, its molecular role remains unclear. Here, we found that Inka2-iBox directly binds to Pak4 catalytic domain to suppress actin polymerization. Inka2 promoted actin depolymerization and inhibited the formation of cellular protrusion caused by Pak4 activation. We further generated the conditional knockout mice of the Inka2 gene. The beta-galactosidase reporter indicated the preferential Inka2 expression in the dorsal forebrain neurons. Cortical pyramidal neurons of Inka2 -/- mice exhibited decreased density and aberrant morphology of dendritic spines with marked activation/phosphorylation of downstream molecules of Pak4 signal cascade, including LIMK and cofilin. These results uncovered the unexpected function of endogenous Pak4 inhibitor in neurons. Unlike Inka1, Inka2 is a critical mediator for actin reorganization required for dendritic spine development. assay to isolate associated with Inka2 mRNA in brain extract. After incubating 5-Bromo-UTP (BrU)-incorporated mRNA a cytoplasmic
IMF Conditionality: Experience Under Stand-by and Extended Arrangements, Part I: Key Issues and Findings

This paper is Part I of a two-volume study conducted as a part of the IMF's ongoing process of evaluating its lending facilities. It focuses on IMF-supported programs and macroeconomic performance during 1988-92, reflecting information available through the end of 1993. Part I provides an overview of the experiences during the arrangements reviewed: it describes the initial conditions faced in these countries, the adjustment strategies adopted, the degree to which programs were implemented, and the extent of sustained adjustment experienced.
the voice Adaptations in humans for assessing physical strength from

References http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/277/1699/3509.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 37 articles, 3 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (494 articles) cognition (1947 articles) behaviour Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
the voice Adaptations in humans for assessing physical strength from

References http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/277/1699/3509.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 37 articles, 3 of which can be accessed free Subject collections (388 articles) cognition  (1628 articles) behaviour  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the top
Runoff simulation sensitivity to remotely sensed initial soil water content

A variety of aircraft remotely sensed and conventional ground-based measurements of volumetric soil water content (SW) were made over two subwatersheds (4.4 and 631 ha) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch experimental watershed during the 1990 monsoon season. Spatially distributed soil water contents estimated remotely from the NASA push broom microwave radiometer (PBMR), an Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE) multifrequency radiometer, and three ground-based point methods were used to define prestorm initial SW for a distributed rainfall-runoff model (KINEROS; Woolhiser et al., 1990) at a small catchment scale (4.4 ha). At a medium catchment scale (631 ha or 6.31 km2) spatially distributed PBMR SW data were aggregated via stream order reduction. The impacts of the various spatial averages of SW on runoff simulations are discussed and are compared to runoff simulations using SW estimates derived from a simple daily water balance model. It was found that at the small catchment scale the SW data obtained from any of the measurement methods could be used to obtain reasonable runoff predictions. At the medium catchment scale, a basin-wide remotely sensed average of initial water content was sufficient for runoff simulations. This has important implications for the possible use of satellite-based microwave soil moisture data to define prestorm SW because the low spatial resolutions of such sensors may not seriously impact runoff simulations under the conditions examined. However, at both the small and medium basin scale, adequate resources must be devoted to proper definition of the input rainfall to achieve reasonable runoff simulations.
On large variations in atmospheric CO2 concentration observed over the central and western Pacific Ocean

[1] In order to examine distribution of atmospheric CO2 concentration over the central and western Pacific Ocean and elucidate factors governing the distribution, shipboard measurements were made between 1992 and 1996. Large variations in the concentration were observed in the northernmost and the tropical regions during the cruises. Also, year-to-year differences in the latitudinal CO2 distribution were detected. To interpret these variations, analyses were performed in terms of atmospheric transport from various source regions using meteorological and climatological data. The following results were obtained: (1) Episodic large CO2 variations appeared north of 30°N over the central and western Pacific during the periods of ship cruises. These variations were related with exchanges of continental and marine air masses associated with movements of weather systems. (2) Discontinuous changes of CO2 concentration were observed in the equatorial region during spring cruises, reflecting suppression of interhemispheric air mixing. However, the magnitude, the sharpness, and the location of these discontinuous changes were associated with variations in the strength of air convergence and the movement of enhanced convective areas, and were quite variable. (3) Differences in the latitudinal CO2 gradient from northern low latitudes to southern low latitudes were found between each spring cruise. Comparison with climatological data suggests that the difference in the CO2 gradient is related to variation in the anomaly of meridional wind component distribution over the central and western Pacific at low latitudes.
Management of Temporomandibular Disorders in the General Dental Practice

Introduction: temporomandibular disorders case histories of TMD patients and how they were managed epidemiologic studies of TMD aetiology of TMD disorders of the temporomandibular joints bruxism and oral parafunctions tooth wear symptoms associated with TMD diagnosis of TMD differential diagnosis treatment of TMD - an overview treatment modalities glossary of some TMD terms.
Seismogenically induced fluidization of Jurassic erg sands, south‐central Utah

Large bodies of fluidized sandstone occur in the Jurassic Entrada, Carmel, Page and Navajo Formations at several locations in south‐central Utah. They are most abundant in the Entrada Sandstone, where they commonly occur in clusters, have a cylindrical form and have a sharp contact with their cross‐bedded host rock. These clastic pipes are as wide as 75 m and have exposed heights of as much as 100 m. Some of the Entrada pipes extend well into the underlying Carmel redbeds. Other clastic pipes in the Entrada Sandstone are less deformed and display various degrees of brittle‐to‐hydroplastic deformation and liquefaction. Clastic pipes in the Page and Navajo Sandstones are less common, but are similar in size and form to those in the Entrada and Carmel, and probably have a similar origin. Some massive sandstone bodies are irregular in form and have tongue‐like projections into the host rock, implying forcible injection of fluidized sand. Several pipe–host contacts in the Entrada Sandstone display small‐scale ring faults. Where relative displacement can be clearly demonstrated, pipe sandstones are invariably down‐faulted, locally as much as 5 m. At two sites, Carmel host rock is upwarped around the Entrada pipes. Stratified and cross‐bedded breccia blocks occur in many Entrada pipes, and preliminary petrographic analysis indicates that at least some of these breccia blocks are derived from the host rock. Homogeneous pipe sandstones are also petrographically similar to their Entrada host rock, suggesting that some pipes originate through fluidization of the fine‐grained Entrada. Fluidization of the Entrada must have occurred in a water‐saturated environment during early diagenesis but before complete lithification, most probably under considerable porewater pressure. Although there are no known modern analogues to these huge masses of structureless sandstone, they may have a small‐scale modern counterpart in earthquake‐induced sandblows. These features were most probably caused by large‐magnitude seismic events during the Middle Jurassic, although other possibilities cannot be ruled out at this point.
Indigenous use of wetlands and sustainable development in West Africa

There is a wide variety of wetland environments in West Africa. They include various kinds of floodplains (for example those of the Senegal, Niger and Logone-Chari system), larger inland deltas and lacustrine wetlands (notably Lake Chad and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali), and coastal and delta environments (for example the deltas of the Senegal, Niger and Volta Rivers, the Basse Casamance or the Banc d'Arguin in Mauritania). Most of them support substantial communities of people, who depend on their natural resources and the ecology and hydrological patterns that maintain them. Indigenous systems of water resource management include agriculture (including flood cropping, notably of rice, flood recession cropping and various kinds of irrigation at various scales), fishing and pastoralism. In the Sahel in particular, wetlands provide a vital element in the resources available to people not only within but well beyond their immediate boundaries. Many of these wetlands also support internationally important populations of wild species, those in the Sahel, for example, providing important links in the Palaearctic-African bird migration flyway. Water resource development projects can have serious implications for the ecology and economy of wetlands in West Africa, and great care is needed to ensure that development projects do not cause real economic costs that outweigh potential economic benefits.
Distinct mechanisms of induction of hepatic growth hormone resistance by endogenous IL-6, TNF- (cid:2) , and IL-1 (cid:3)

Distinct mechanisms inductionofhepaticgrowthhormoneresistancebyendogenousIL-6,TNF- IL-1 Physiol inﬂammation, the liver becomes resistant to growth hormone (GH) actions, leading to downregulation of the GH target gene IGF-I and activation of catabolism. Proinﬂammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF- (cid:2) , and IL-1 (cid:3) are critically involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic GH resistance. However, the mechanisms used by endogenous IL-6, TNF- (cid:2) , and IL-1 (cid:3) to inhibit the hepatic GH-IGF-I pathway during inﬂammation are not fully understood. Here, we show that TNF- (cid:2) and IL-1 (cid:3) inhibited GH receptor (GHR) expression but had minor effects on the downstream suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3, while IL-6 induced SOCS3 expression but had no effect on GHR expression in Huh-7 cells. Consistent with the in vitro observations, neutralization of TNF- (cid:2) and IL-1 (cid:3) in mouse models of inﬂammation did not signiﬁcantly alter SOCS3 expression stimulated by inﬂammation but restored GHR and IGF-I expression suppressed by inﬂammation. Neutralization of IL-6 did not alter inﬂammation-suppressed GHR expression but drastically reduced the inﬂammation-stimulated SOCS3 expression and restored IGF-I expression. Interestingly, when the GH-IGF-I pathway was turned off by maximal inhibition of GHR expression, IL-6 and SOCS3 were no longer able to regulate IGF-I expression. Taken together, our results suggest that TNF- (cid:2) /IL-1 (cid:3) and IL-6 use distinct mechanisms to induce hepatic GH resistance, with TNF- (cid:2) and IL-1 (cid:3) acting primarily on GHR and IL-6 acting primarily on SOCS3. IL-6 action may be superseded by factors such as TNF- (cid:2) and IL-1 (cid:3) that inhibit GHR expression.
A Correlation Study of the Ground Water Quality in the Manali Petroleum Industrial Region in Tamil Nadu, India

The increased prominence of the petroleum industry in Manali at North Chennai has given rise to a concomitant upsurge of ecological disturbances together with groundwater pollution. Ten representative groundwater samples were collected from various parts of the industrial region in the monsoon, winter and summer seasons during 2006-2007 and those water samples were analysed by standard analytic methods. As many as twenty water quality parameters were taken into account in the correlation analysis. Some parameters were found within and some parameters beyond the permissible limit. Correlation coefficients (r) between different pairs of parameters were computed. Significant positive correlation was found to exist between the pairs of parameters; turbidity-alkalinity, turbidity-iron, ECNa, TDS-EC, TDS-TH, EC-TH, TH-K and CODBOD. It is also observed that, some of the parameters were found to have weak correlation and some parameters have negative correlation.
A cryptic Caledonian flysch terrane in Scotland

A substantial part of the Lower Old Red Sandstone Crawton Group in the north-east Midland Valley of Scotland has a first cycle provenance from the south and east, i.e. from a source block within the Midland Valley. From the clast assemblages in proximal conglomerates, it is clear that this provenance comprised a flysch terrane cut by granodioritic and tonalitic plutons. Angular clasts of lithic arenite and metagreywacke derived from this cryptic flysch sequence show it to be distinct from a metasedimentary sequence which flanked the Lower Old Red Sandstone basin to the north and north-east. The basin must overlie, or lie adjacent to, a boundary between two quite different sedimentary assemblages. Petrographic examination and chemical analysis of the clasts show that the southerly cryptic succession includes an important mafic/ultramanc provenance, implying that ophiolitic source rocks may have originally contributed to it. Sr and Nd isotopic compositions for the clasts establish that the Midland Valley flysch is isotopically unrelated to either Southern Uplands shales and greywackes or Dalradian metasedimentary rocks. The clasts have lower Sr contents than either suite, and Sr isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr in the range 0.7099-0.7176 at 450 Ma) which are more radiogenic than the Southern Uplands, but less radiogenic than the Dalradian. Crustal residence ages (tDM) have a narrow range of 1.76-1.94 Ga. The mean of 1.87 ± 0.06 Ga compares with a mean residence age of 1.49 ± 0.21 Ga for Southern Uplands greywackes and shales. Mixing calculations demonstrate that the incorporation of young ophiolite-derived basaltic detritus into the Caledonian sedimentary mass can explain properties of the Nd data previously attributed to a bimodal Proterozoic provenance. The distinct compositions of the Southern Uplands and Midland Valley flysch sediments suggest they originally tapped different parts of the Laurentian margin and have subsequently been brought together structurally as displaced fore-arc slivers. The diverse isotopic compositions of outboard flysch terranes has implications for the nature of the sedimentary component incorporated in inboard magma suites.
Study of the water retention properties of a tropical soil

Some peculiarities of water retention in a tropical lateritic soil of clayey nature are presented and discussed. The typical soil microstructure is shown through thin-layer plates emphasizing soil microaggregation and pore distribution and their repercussion on the soil-water retention curve and on hysteresis. It is shown that the clayey soil has a behavior that to a large extent resembles sandy soil, which is characterized by the relatively high saturated hydraulic conductivity, low air-entry value, and small suction range at which water drainage takes place. The severe weathering processes that originated this soil have produced an altered soil that seems to be homogeneous in terms of physical indices, hydraulic conductivity, and soil-water retention characteristics, up to 4.5 m in depth.
Evaluation of variables influencing success and complication rates in canine total hip replacement: results from the British Veterinary Orthopaedic Association Canine Hip Registry (collation of data: 2010–2012)

The objective of this study was to assess the variables associated with complications of total hip replacement (THR) and report owner-assessed outcomes. Entries into the British Veterinary Orthopaedic Association-Canine Hip Registry (BVOA-CHR) between September 2011 and December 2012 were reviewed separately and in conjunction with previous data (January 2010–August 2011). An outcomes assessment questionnaire was used to collect data from owners. Incidences of surgeon-reported and owner-reported complications were 8.2 per cent and 4.3 per cent, respectively. THR using the BioMedtrix BFX cup/stem prosthesis had a greater incidence of complications compared with THR using the BioMedtrix CFX cup/stem prosthesis (P=0.002); complications were 4.48 times more likely when using the BioMedtrix BFX cup/stem prosthesis versus the BioMedtrix CFX cup/stem prosthesis. THR using the BioMedtrix BFX cup/stem prosthesis had a higher incidence of complications compared with THR using a hybrid prosthesis (BioMedtrix BFX cup/CFX stem, BioMedtrix CFX cup/BFX stem) (P=0.046); complications were 2.85 times more likely when using the BioMedtrix BFX cup/stem prosthesis versus a hybrid prosthesis. In 95 per cent of cases, owner satisfaction with the outcome of THR was ‘very good’ or ‘good’. Complication rates from the BVOA-CHR are similar to previous studies. The data suggest that prosthesis type is associated with complication rate, with BioMedtrix BFX (circa 2012) having a high short-term complication rate.
This information is current as Virus-Specific Memory B Lymphocytes Unique Requirements for Reactivation of

Memory B cells (MBCs) are rapidly activated upon Ag re-exposure in vivo, but the precise requirements for this process are still elusive. To address these requirements, T cell-independent reactivation of MBCs against virus-like particles was analyzed. As few as 25 MBCs are sufficient for a measurable Ab response after adoptive transfer. We found that MBCs were reactivated upon antigenic challenge to normal levels after depletion of macrophages, CD11c + dendritic cells, and matured follicular dendritic cells. Furthermore , MBC responses were possible in TNF/lymphotoxin a double-deficient mice after partial normalization of lymphoid architecture by means of long-term reconstitution with wild-type bone marrow. Activation did not occur when chimeric mice, which still lack all lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, were splenectomized prior to MBC transfer. Together with our finding that MBC responses are weak when Ag was administered within minutes after adoptive MBC transfer, these results strongly suggest that MBCs have to occupy specific niches within secondary lymphoid tissue to become fully Ag-responsive. We provide clear evidence that MBCs are not preferentially resident within the splenic marginal zones and show that impaired homing to lymphoid follicles resulted in significantly diminished activation, suggesting that reactivation of MBCs occurred inside lymphoid follicles. Furthermore, comparison of virus-specific MBC T cell-independent reactivation versus primary T cell-independent type II B cell activation revealed unique requirements of MBC activation. I mmunological memory, the ability to respond rapidly and effectively to Ag upon re-exposure after initial encounter, is the defining feature of adaptive immunity. Memory is an emergent property that extends in increased precursor frequencies of Ag-specific B and T cells, long-lived plasma cells (PCs), pre-existing Abs, as well as memory lymphocytes with functional properties different from those of their naive precursors (1, 2). Memory B cells (MBCs) and long-lived PCs arise from germinal center reactions and express somatically hypermutate Ig receptors of switched isotypes (3), although it was recently demonstrated that thymus-independent type II (TI-2) Ags can also generate MBCs (4). Humoral immunity is maintained by either long-lived PCs, which home to the bone marrow (BM) constitutively secreting Abs (5), or nonsecreting resting MBCs that are rapidly reactivated upon Ag re-encounter (6). It is still a matter of debate how longevity of MBCs is achieved and to what extent they sustain Ab titers. Different concepts to explain persistence of Abs with a given speci-ficity are presently discussed (7, 8). We were interested in the reactivation requirements of …
Current Topics in Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Research: Focus on Inverse Agonism, Receptor Dimerization and Biased Agonism Running title: Recent findings in AT1 receptor function

Although the octapeptide hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates cardiovascular and renal homeostasis through the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), overstimulation of AT1R causes various human diseases, such as hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, AT1R blockers (ARBs)
Habitat Suitability Information: Smallmouth Bass,

Abstract : A review and synthesis of existing information were used to develop riverine and lacustrine habitat models for Smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), a freshwater species. The models are scaled to produce an index of habitat suitability between 0 (unsuitable habitat) and 1 (optimally suitable habitat) for freshwater areas of continental United States. Habitat suitability indexes (HSI's) are designed for use with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and wildlife Service.