Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical experiences on a communication middleware for IP-based in-car networks

Current in-car communication networks are based on automotive specific technologies like CAN, FlexRay and MOST and use proprietary communication protocols. While CAN and FlexRay come with a signal-based communication paradigm, MOST provides a more sophisticated interface based on "function blocks" to the application programmer. In the next years, we expect IP-based protocols and standard technologies like Ethernet to be deployed for more and more in-car communication tasks. As a result, we need an IP-based communication middleware that provides both signaland function-based interaction paradigms and works for all distributed applications in vehicles. Main challenges are the large variety of embedded devices and operating systems used in a single car in terms of footprint and compute power. Furthermore, it must be possible to migrate existing interface definitions from legacy technologies to the new IP-based solution. In this paper, we propose an IP-based in-car middleware framework based on an open source solution, Apache Etch. We sketch how different, yet interoperable versions of the middleware can be used to construct a scalable system that fits to both small and large devices. Finally, we identify extensions to Etch that are necessary to qualify the solution for the use in the automotive domain.
Metabolic inhibition in the perfused rat heart: evidence for glycolytic requirement for normal sodium homeostasis.

Subcellular compartmentalization of energy stores to support different myocardial processes has been exemplified by the glycolytic control of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel. Recent data suggest that the control of intracellular sodium (Nai) may also rely on glycolytically derived ATP; however, the degree of this dependence is unclear. To examine this question, isolated, perfused rat hearts were exposed to hypoxia, to selectively inhibit oxidative metabolism, or iodoacetate (IAA, 100 μmol/l), to selectively inhibit glycolysis. Nai and myocardial high-energy phosphate levels were monitored using triple-quantum-filtered (TQF)23Na and31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. The effects of ion exchange mechanisms (Na+/Ca2+, Na+/H+) on Nai were examined by pharmacological manipulation of these channels. Nai, as monitored by shift reagent-aided TQF 23Na spectral amplitudes, increased by ∼220% relative to baseline after 45 min of perfusion with IAA, with or without rapid pacing. During hypoxia, Nai increased by ∼200% during rapid pacing but did not increase in unpaced hearts or when the Na+/H+exchange blocker ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA, 10 μmol/l) was used. Neither EIPA nor a low-Ca2+perfusate (50 μmol/l) could prevent the rise in Nai during perfusion with IAA. Myocardial function and high-energy phosphate stores were preserved during inhibition of glycolysis with IAA and continued oxidative metabolism. These results suggest that glycolysis is required for normal Na+ homeostasis in the perfused rat heart, possibly because of preferential fueling of Na-K-adenosinetriphosphatase by glycolytically derived ATP.
Multi-party metering: An architecture for privacy-preserving profiling schemes

Several privacy concerns about the massive deployment of smart meters have been arisen recently. Namely, it has been shown that the fine-grained temporal traces generated by these meters can be correlated with different users behaviors. A new architecture, called multi-party metering, for enabling privacy-preserving analysis of high-frequency metering data without requiring additional complexity at the smart meter side is here proposed. The idea is to allow multiple entities to get a share of the high-frequency metering data rather than the real data, where this share does not reveal any information about the real data. By aggregating the shares provided by different users and publishing the results, these entities can statistically analyze the consumption data, without disclosing sensitive information of the users. In particular, it is proposed how to implement a user profiling clustering mechanism in this architecture. The envisaged solution is tested on synthetic electricity consumption data and real gas consumption data.
The Quantificational Relation of Imperceptibility, Robustness and Hiding Rate in Digital Watermarking

Imperceptibility, robustness and hiding rate are the three most important indexes of digital watermarking. They restrict each other. In this paper, we firstly give a digital watermarking model and the definitions of the three indexes. Based on them, the quantificational relation of the three indexes is gained. Then we point out that the embedding intensity is the key to reach their tradeoffs and propose the method to calculate the embedding intensity. Finally the experimental results show two points: 1) The relation of the three indexes and the method to calculate the embedding intensity have important action in designing watermarking algorithms; 2) The relation and the method is correct
Design and Implementation of Interactive Flow Visualization Techniques

The demand for flow visualization software stems from the popular (and growing) use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the increasing complexity of simulation data. CFD is popular with manufacturers as it reduces cost and the time of production relative to the expense involved in creating a real physical model. Modifications to a physical model to test new prototypes may be non-trivial and expensive. CFD solvers enable a high degree of software-based testing and refinement before creating a real physical model.
Late embryonic expression of AMPA receptor function in the CA1 region of the intact hippocampus in vitro

Studies in slices suggest that α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor‐mediated synaptic currents are not present in CA1 (Cornu ammonis) pyramidal neurons at birth (P0). We have re‐examined this issue in the rat intact hippocampal formation (IHF) in vitro. Injections of biocytin or carbocyanine show that the temporo‐ammonic, commissural and Schaffer collateral pathways are present at birth in the marginal zone of CA1. Electrical stimulation of these pathways evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the marginal zone of CA1 from embryonic day 19 (E19) to postnatal day 9 (P9). These fEPSPs are mediated by synaptic AMPA receptors as they are reduced or completely blocked by: (i) tetrodotoxin; (ii) high divalent cation concentrations; (iii) the adenosine A1 receptor agonist CPA; (iv) anoxic episodes; (v) the selective AMPA receptor antagonist 1‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐3‐methylcarbamyl‐4‐methyl‐7,8‐methylenedioxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐5H‐2,3‐benzodiazepine (GYKI‐53655) or the mixed AMPA‐kainate receptor antagonists 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) and 6‐nitro‐7‐sulphamoylbenzo[f]quinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (NBQX). The amplitude of the fEPSPs is also reduced by d(–)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid (D‐APV) and its duration is increased by bicuculline suggesting the participation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) and GABAA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) receptors. Finally, AMPA receptor‐mediated fEPSPs are also recorded in P0 slices, but they are smaller and more labile than in the IHF. Our results suggest that in embryonic CA1 neurons, glutamate acting on AMPA receptors already provides a substantial part of the excitatory drive and may play an important role in the activity‐dependent development of the hippocampus. Furthermore, the IHF may be a convenient preparation to investigate the properties of the developing hippocampus.
Test-and-Set in Optimal Space

The test-and-set object is a fundamental synchronization primitive for shared memory systems. This paper addresses the number of registers (supporting atomic reads and writes) required to implement a one-shot test-and-set object in the standard asynchronous shared memory model with n processes. The best lower bound is log n - 1 [12,21] for obstruction-free and deadlock-free implementations, and recently a deterministic obstruction-free implementation using O(√ n) registers was presented [11]. This paper closes the gap between these existing upper and lower bounds by presenting a deterministic obstruction-free implementation of a one-shot test-and-set object from Θ(log n) registers of size Θ(log n) bits. Combining our obstruction-free algorithm with techniques from previous research [11,12], we also obtain a randomized wait-free test-and-set algorithm from Θ(log n) registers, with expected step-complexity Θ(log* n) against the oblivious adversary. The core tool in our algorithm is the implementation of a deterministic obstruction-free sifter object, using only 6 registers. If k processes access a sifter, then when they have terminated, at least one and at most ⌊(2k+1)/3⌋ processes return "win" and all others return "lose".
PANTROPICAL SPOTTED DOLPHIN ( Stenella attenuata attenuata ) : Hawaiian Islands Stock Complex – Oahu , 4-Islands , Hawaii Island , and Hawaii Pelagic Stocks

STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Pantropical spotted dolphins are primarily found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide (Perrin et al. 2009). Much of what is known about the species in the North Pacific has been learned from specimens obtained in the large directed fishery in Japan and in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) tuna purse-seine fishery (Perrin et al. 2009). Spotted dolphins are common and abundant throughout the Hawaiian archipelago, including nearshore where they are the second most frequently sighted species during nearshore surveys (Baird et al. 2013). Summer/fall shipboard surveys of the waters within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the Hawaiian Islands resulted in 14 sightings in 2002 and 49 sightings in 2010 (Barlow 2006, Bradford et al. 2013; Figure 1). Fourteen strandings of this species have been documented in Hawaii since 1975 (Nitta 1991, Maldini et al. 2005, NMFS PIR Marine Mammal Response Network database), including two since 2007. Morphological differences and distribution patterns indicate that the spotted dolphins around the Hawaiian Islands belong to a stock that is distinct from those in the ETP (Perrin 1975; Dizon et al. 1994; Perrin et al. 1994b). Their possible affinities with other stocks elsewhere in the Pacific have not been investigated. Pantropical spotted dolphins have been observed in all months of the year around the main Hawaiian Islands, and in areas ranging from shallow near-shore water to depths of 5,000 m, although they peak in sighting rates in depths from 1,500 to 3,500 m (Baird et al. 2013). Although they represent from 22.9 to 26.5% of the odontocete sightings from Oahu, the 4-islands, and Hawaii Island, they are largely absent from the nearshore waters around Kauai and Niihau, Figure 1. Pantropical spotted dolphin sighting locations during the 2002 (open diamonds) and 2010 (black diamonds) shipboard surveys of U.S. EEZ waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands (Barlow 2006, Bradford et al. 2013; see Appendix 2 for details on timing and location of survey effort). Outer line represents approximate boundary of survey area and U.S. EEZ. Gray shading indicates area of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. Dotted line represents the 1000m isobath. Insular stock boundaries are shown in Figure 2.
GPS/INS Integration Based Navigation with Multipath Mitigation for Intelligent Vehicles

The future positioning system for an intelligent vehicle depends on integrating global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS). In this paper, a GPS/INS integration method is proposed by taking multipath mitigation into consideration. Multipath interference is one of the contributing sources of errors in GPS positioning. For a reliable GPS/INS navigation, the multipath interference has to be reduced. We formulate here an augmented state space system for GPS/INS with multipath effect. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is then applied to this augmented state space model and to determine accurate positions. Computer simulations show that the proposed approach is effective in integrating GPS/INS for navigation even when the multipath effect is strong.
AN APPLICATION OF λ -METHOD ON INEQUALITIES OF SHAFER-FINK'S TYPE

In this article λ-method of Mitrinović-Vasić [1] is applied to improve the upper bound for the arc sin function of L. Zhu [4]. 1. Inequalities of Shafer-Fink’s type D. S. Mitrinović in [1] considered the lower bound of the arc sin function, which belongs to R. E. Shafer. Namely, the following statement is true. Theorem 1.1 For 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 the following inequalities are true: 3x 2 + √ 1 − x2 ≤ 6( √ 1 + x − √ 1 − x) 4 + √ 1 + x + √ 1 − x ≤ arc sinx . (1) A. M. Fink proved the following statement in [2] . Theorem 1.2 For 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 the following inequalities are true: 3x 2 + √ 1 − x2 ≤ arc sinx ≤ πx 2 + √ 1 − x2 . (2) B. J. Malešević proved the following statement in [3]. Theorem 1.3 For 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 the following inequalities are true: 3x 2 + √ 1 − x2 ≤ arc sinx ≤ π π − 2 x 2 π − 2 + √ 1 − x2 ≤ πx 2 + √ 1 − x2 . (3) The main result of the article [3] can be formulated with the next statement. Proposition 1.4 In the family of the functions: fb(x) = (b + 1)x b + √ 1 − x2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), (4) according to the parameter b > 0, the function f2(x) is the greatest lower bound of the arc sin x function and the function f2/(π−2)(x) is the least upper bound of the arc sin x function. Research partially supported by the MNTRS, Serbia, Grant No. 144020.
Interaction between GFR and risk factors for morbidity and mortality in African Americans with CKD.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The African American Study of Kidney Disease Trial identified risk factors for CKD progression and suggested that GFR level may modify the association between these risk factors and CKD progression or death. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Enrollment in the African American Study of Kidney Disease Trial occurred between June of 1995 and September of 2001, with median follow-up of 48.6 months. Among 1094 patients with hypertensive kidney disease in the trial, this study tested whether the association between six previously identified risk factors for CKD progression (or death) and a composite clinical outcome (progression of CKD, ESRD, or death) depends on level of GFR. Multivariate Cox regression was used to control for other baseline risk factors. RESULTS After controlling for baseline risk factors, only proteinuria was more closely associated with the composite clinical outcome at lower levels of GFR (P value for interaction term=0.002); increased hazards of the clinical composite outcome associated with a doubling of proteinuria ranged from 30% (95% confidence interval=21%-39%) with a GFR of 50 to 55% (95% confidence interval=40%-72%) with a GFR of 25. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the association between proteinuria and CKD progression, ESRD, or death in the African American Study of Kidney Disease Trial cohort depends on the level of GFR; proteinuria is a stronger independent predictor of the composite clinical outcome at lower levels of GFR. This finding reinforces that African Americans with proteinuria and lower GFR represent a population at particularly high risk for adverse outcomes.
Envelope Proteins Containing Single Amino Acid Substitutions Support a Structural Model of the Receptor-Binding Domain of Bovine Leukemia Virus Surface Protein

ABSTRACT Functional domains of the strikingly conserved envelope (Env) glycoproteins of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and its close relative, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), are still being defined. We have used BLV Env protein variants to gain insights into the structure and function of this important determinant of viral infectivity. Each of 23 different single amino acid variants found in cDNA clones of env transcripts present after short-term culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BLV-infected sheep was expressed in COS-1 cells and tested for the ability to mediate cell fusion and to be cleaved to surface (SU) and transmembrane (TM) protein subunits. Of 11 Env variants that failed to induce syncytia or did so poorly, 7 contained changes in amino acids identical or chemically conserved in the HTLV-1 Env protein. These seven included the four variants that showed aberrant proteolytic cleavage and poor cell surface expression, underscoring their importance for Env structure. Ten of 12 variants that retained wild-type syncytium-inducing ability clustered in the N-terminal half of BLV SU, which forms the putative receptor-binding domain (RBD). Several variants in the RBD showed evidence of subtle misfolding, as judged by reduced binding to monoclonal antibodies recognizing conformational epitopes F, G, and H formed by the N terminus of SU. We modeled the BLV RBD by aligning putative structural elements with known elements of the ecotropic Friend murine leukemia virus RBD monomer. All the variant RBD residues but one are exposed on the surface of this BLV model. These variants as well as function-altering, antibody-reactive residues defined by other investigators group on one face of the molecular model. They are strikingly absent from the opposite face, implying that it is likely to face inward in Env complexes. This surface might interact with the C-terminal domain of SU or with an adjacent monomer in the Env oligomer. This location suggests an orientation for the monomer of ecotropic Friend murine leukemia virus RBD.
Notice of RetractionFreight transport resources integration model and simulation based on agent and human-element model

There are many problems in the layout of the railway freight stations, such as too many stations, the higher density of stations, and so on. So, it is necessary to adjust the layout of freight station and integrate the freight transport resources to raise the freight transport services level. According to the Sugarscape model and the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of Human Element model, a freight transport resources integration model is established based on multi-agent system and Human Element model, which can reflect the intelligent and autonomous of the station in the integrating process. The freight stations are regarded as autonomic Agents and the owners are regarded as resources in the model. The Agent energy can change during it seeks the resources, and its living or dying state is decided by its own energy. According to the set rules, a freight station concentration project in a definite scope is obtained through stimulation analysis. Finally, the freight transport resources integration project is obtained by the simulation for the model, which is meaningful to integrate the freight transport resources and optimize the layout of the railway freight stations and setup the strategic cargo-loading point and logistics center.
Developmental mapping of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel expression in the rat nervous system

Early electrical activity and calcium influx regulate crucial aspects of neuronal development. Small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium (SK) channels regulate action potential firing and shape calcium influx through feedback regulation in mature neurons. These functions, observed in the adult nervous system, make them ideal candidates to regulate activity‐ and calcium‐dependent processes in neurodevelopment. However, to date little is known about the onset of expression and regions expressing SK channel subunits in the embryonic and postnatal development of the central nervous system (CNS). To allow studies on the contribution of SK channels to different phases of development of single neurons and networks, we have performed a detailed in situ hybridization mapping study, providing comprehensive distribution profiles of all three SK subunits (SK1, SK2, and SK3) in the rat CNS during embryonic and postnatal development. SK channel transcripts are expressed at early stages of prenatal CNS development. The three SK channel subunits display different developmental expression gradients in distinct CNS regions, with time points of expression and up‐ or downregulation that can be associated with a range of diverse developmental events. Their early expression in embryonic development suggests an involvement of SK channels in the regulation of developmental processes. Additionally, this study shows how the postnatal ontogenetic patterns lead to the adult expression map for each SK channel subunit and how their coexpression in the same regions or neurons varies throughout development. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1072–1101, 2014. © 2013 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relapsed Esophageal Web in a Patient with Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Plummer-Vinson syndrome is characterized by dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia, and upper esophageal web. The associated symptoms can be resolved by administering iron supplements as well as by endoscopic intervention. Relapse in patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome is very rare. We describe a case of a 42-year-old woman with Plummer-Vinson syndrome whose symptoms were successfully treated with endoscopic dilatation and iron supplementation at first admission; however, 1 year later, she revisited our hospital because of dysphagia. On second admission, investigations revealed esophageal web relapse in Plummer-Vinson syndrome. She was again successfully treated with endoscopic dilatation and iron supplementation. After first admission, her anemia was not normalized due to poor compliance and loss of follow-up. We experienced a case of esophageal web relapse due to uncorrected iron deficiency anemia in a patient with Plummer-Vinson syndrome. This experience indicates that continuous iron supplementation and long-term follow-up is important in patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome. (Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2014;14:117-120)
Query Intention Acquisition: A Case Study on Automatically Inferring Structured Queries

The process of acquiring the user’s intentions is an important phase in the querying process. The identification of their intentions enables the selection of appropriate retrieval strategies. In this paper, we first outline this cross-section work in contextual Information Retrieval. We then focus on one particular type of intention: the syntactic and semantic types associated with a query term. We present a case study using the email search task of the TREC Enterprise Track. We build and analyze a data set of query intentions linked to the email’s structure, and then attempt to automatically infer structured queries and study the affect that ambiguity of queries and the difficulty of inferring them has on various retrieval models (structured and unstructured). Our study reveals that predicting the intentions is a hard problem due to the inherent uncertainty within the querying process. We also show that automatically inferred queries do not outperform other types of structured retrieval models, because they are not robust enough to handle the ambiguity nor reliable enough to be accurately inferred.