Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative investigation of the cytogenetic effects of densely ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo

The purpose of this work was to compare the cytogenetic effects of densely and sparsely ionizing radiations in vitro and in vivo. To achieve this, chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to different doses of X-rays and C-ions with different energies; furthermore, lymphocytes were obtained from prostate-cancer patients before, during and after radiotherapy and analyzed using the multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique. These cancer patients were either treated with C-ion boost irradiation in the course of a conventional photon intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or solely with IMRT. Blood samples were taken from each patient before, during, at the end of and one year after the therapy. In the in vitro experiments, an increase in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the induction of chromosomal aberrations with increasing linear energy transfer (LET) of the C-ions was observed in the investigated energy range (270 MeV/u C-ions, LET=14 keV/µm; 100 MeV/u C-ions, LET=29 keV/µm; extended Bragg peak of C-ions, LET=60-85 keV/µm). The ratio of complex to simple exchanges, the C-ratio, which is discussed as a biomarker for densely ionizing radiation, was calculated and a LET- and dose-dependent increase was found. Likewise, the complexity of complex chromosome aberrations increased with LET and dose. For prostate-cancer patients, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations found in the peripheral blood lymphocytes increased during the radiotherapy course; but after the C-ion boost, the frequency was lower than in patients treated with comparable doses of IMRT. No significantly increased C-ratio was found in the patients treated with the C-ion boost compared to the patients treated with IMRT. A higher frequency of aberrations was measured in patients who were exposed to an increased target volume. The aberration frequency decreased significantly in two out of 16 patients in the year after therapy. The study shows that the reduced integral dose applied to normal tissue during the C-ion boost is reflected in a lower chromosomal aberration frequency compared to IMRT. While the in vitro experiments showed an enhanced C-ratio for densely ionizing radiation, no increased C-ratio was observed in the patients' samples after C-ion boost therapy. As mFISH allows identification of individual chromosomes involved in aberrations, the distribution of breakpoints among individual chromosomes and the frequencies of pairwise chromosomal exchanges were analyzed in addition.
Vegetative and reproductive morphology of Gloiocladia repens (C. Agardh) Sánchez et Rodríguez-Prieto comb. nov. (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta), with a taxonomic re-assessment of the genera Fauchea and Gloiocladia

A morphological and molecular study of Fauchea repens, the type species of Fauchea, (Faucheaceae, Rhodymeniales) and its comparison with Gloiocladia furcata, the type species of Gloiocladia, establishes that the two are closely related and belong in the same genus. Accordingly, we propose a new combination, Gloiocladia repens (C. Agardh) Sánchez et Rodríguez-Prieto, comb. nov., for the plant presently known as Fauchea repens (C. Agardh) Montagne et Bory in Montagne and designate a lectotype. We provide an emended description of the genus Gloiocladia, and transfer all the species presently placed in Fauchea to Gloiocladia.
Yield stability, genotyphic and phenotypic correlations among yield contributing traits in spring wheat under two environments.

Nine widely grown wheat cultivars and an advance line, represen ting three major wheat breeding programs of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), were field eval uated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak (Nowshera) and Agricultural Research Sta tion, Baffa (Mansehra) during 2007-08 crop season. A randomized complete block design with four repli cates was used at each location. The two test locations differed significantly for plant height, grains spik e, biological yield and grain yield, however, differences among locations were non-significant for spike lengt h, spikelets spike -1 and 1000-grain weight. Highly significant genetic diversity among the wheat culti vars was evident for all traits via independent analysis of variance for each location as well as across locations, but cu ltivar x location interactions existed for plant height (P≤0.05), spikes m (P≤0.01) and grain yield (P ≤0.01) only. Plant height, grains spike , biological yield and grain yield of the cultivars/advance line averaged as 102.5 v s. 104 cm, 59 vs. 55, 10467 vs. 9878 kg ha -1 and 3914 vs. 3127 kg ha -1 at Mansehra and Nowshera, respectively. Generally the whea t cultivars released by the CCRI, Pirsabak excelled the group for mean grain yield ac ross locations: Pirsabak-2005 (4195 kg ha ), PR-87 (4062 kg ha ) and Saleem-2000 (4023 kg ha ). Phenotypic and genetic correlations among yield related traits were generally of similar magnitude and nature at both locat i ns. Positive significant phenotypic association existed of spike length with spikelets spike -1 and grains spike ; of spikelets spike -1 with grains spike ; of spikes m with 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield; o f biological yield with spikes m -2 and 1000-grain weight; and of grain yield with spikes m , 1000-grain weight and biological yield both at Nowshera and Mansehra. Positive genetic association was observed of spikelets spike -1 with grains spike ; of spikes m with 1000-grain weight; and of biological yield and grain yield with spikes m and 1000-grain weight at both locations. Key Word: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Environments, grain yield, yi eld components, genotypic, phenotypic, correlations Citation: Khan, F.U. , Inamullah, I.H. Khalil, S. Khan and I. Munir. 2012. Yield stability genotypic correlations among yield contributing traits in spring wheat under two envir onments. Sarhad J. Agric. 28(1): 27-36
Períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura da cana-de-açúcar: I - Tiririca

The objective of this research was to study interference periods between weeds and sugarcane culture in a experimental area located in Pradopolis, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. In these experiment, sugarcane was planted in May of 1995, and harvested 15 months later. The climatic conditions in Sao Paulo State during the months that follow sugarcane planting in the experiment (normal time when growers plant sugarcane), are characterized by negative balance of rain and evapotranspiration and mild temperatures, and the rainy season starting only four months after planting time. According to the results, it was concluded that, in the experiment where purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) was the major infesting weed, sugarcane tolerated only 41 days, after planting, without interference by the weed, due to probably a greater competitive ability and allelopathic effect that have been attributed to this weed during the earlier stages of sugarcane development, interference starts right after initial sugarcane sprouting. On the other hand, purple nutsedge is very sensible to crop canopy shading, and low temperature, so the competition ended at only 22 days after planting (DAP).
Changes to Proteins in the Shoot Meristem of Silene coeli-rosa during the Transition to Flowering

Les variations qualitatives des proteines dans le meristeme apical de Silene coeli-rosa sont analysees pendant l'evocation florale. Le but de ce travail est de mieux comprendre les changements d'expression genique lies aux modifications du cycle cellulaire, a la floraison, ou aux deux
Changes of weed seed bank parameters according to species, time and environment

Summary The soil seed bank of weeds was studied in two fields, The first was not treated with herbicides for nine years and had a high weed seed density. The second was treated every year and had a low weed seed density. A study of the probability distributions of the weed seed populations in the soil showed that they were aggregated and appeared to have the negative binomial distribution. Transformations were therefore used to normalize the original values in order to compare the distributions and amounts of different species at different times and locations. However, normalizations were possible only with species having an average of at least two seeds per core. With the normalized values, it was observed that some species had similar statistical distributions in the same field. However, the distribution of a species may vary throughout the field, in time, and according to herbicide and culture rotations. Resume Variations des parametres du stock semencier d'adventices dans le sol en fonction des especes, du temps et du milieu Le stock semencier de mauvaises herbes a eteetudie dans le sol de deux champs. Le premier n'a pas ete traite pendant neuf annees et presentait une forte densite de graines de mauvaises herbes. Le second etait traite chaque annee et ne contenait qu'une faible densite de graines de mauvaises herbes. Une etude statistique de la distribution des populations de semences de mauvaises herbes dans le sol, a montre qu'elles etaient agregees et presentaient des distributions binomiales negatives. C'est pourquoi des transformations arithmetiques ont ete utilisees pour normaliser les valeurs brutes afin de pouvoir comparer les distributions et l'importance de differentes espaces en fonction du temps et du lieu. Mais les normalisations n'ont ete possibles que pour les especes ayant en moyenne au moins deux graines par carotte. Avec les donnees normalisees, il a ete observe que plusieurs especes ont des distributions statistiquement identiques dans le meme champ. Cependant la distribution d'une meme espece peut varier a travers le champ, dans le temps et suivant les rotations des cultures et des herbicides. Zusammenfassung Veranderungen der Samenbank im Boden je nach Pflanzenart, Zeit und Umwelteinflussen Der Samenvorrat im Boden wurde in zwei Feldern untersucht, von denen das eine neun Jahre lang ohne chemische Unkrautbekampfung geblieben war und eine hohe Unkrautsamendichte hatte, das andere Jahr fur Jahr behandelt worden war und eine niedrige Dichte aufwies. Die Unkrautsamenpopulationen waren im Boden ungleichmabig verteilt (negativ binomiale Verteilung). Zum Vergleich der Verteilung und der Mengen verschiedener Arten zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten und an verschiedenen Orten mubten die Ausgangwerte transformiert werden, was jedoch nur bei Arten mit durchschnittlich mindestens 2 Samen pro Bohrprobe moglich war. Fur einige Arten wurde eine ahnliche Verteilung auf demselben Feld ermittelt. Uber das gesamte Feld sowie mit der Zeit und je nach der Herbizid- und Fruchtfolge kann sich jedoch die Verteilung einer Art andern.
Examination of stress distribution and fracture resistance in five-unit tooth- and implant-supported partial fixed zirconia prosthesis

In this study, stress distribution and fracture strength values of zirconia frameworks were compared in five-unit tooth- and implant-supported fixed zirconia prosthesis. Three-dimensional finite element stress analysis and static non-linear analysis were used. Because of the boundary conditions determined for these methods, the tooth- and implant-supported models only included the regions of tooth numbers 43–47. The highest stress value (901.845 MPa) was measured in Model 1 (five-unit tooth-supported fixed zirconia bridge) at the mesial gingival neck area of restoration number 45. This stress value was within the ultimate strength of zirconia (900–1200 MPa). Stress values for connector regions were not in the ultimate strength value of zirconia. Stress values in the tooth-supported fixed zirconia bridge were more than the values in the implant-supported fixed zirconia bridge. The highest stresses in Model 2 (five-unit implant-supported fixed zirconia bridge) occurred in the restoration that the model was installed on. The obtained results showed that five-unit tooth-supported posterior zirconia fixed bridge prostheses are not recommended and that the second premolar region is most seriously affected in terms of stress.
Troglitazone Induces Expression of PPARγ in Liver

Troglitazone is an insulin sensitizer which affects a number of target tissues. It is believed to exert these effects primarily by binding to and activating the y-isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma), which in turn regulates the expression of specific genes. However, in a number of target organs, such as liver, the levels of PPARgamma are low and other isoforms predominate. In the present study, we examined whether troglitazone induces the expression of PPARgamma, thereby sensitizing cells for the action of this drug. Treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes with troglitazone induced both the mRNA and protein levels of PPARgamma in a dose-dependent fashion, with maximal levels of induction being three- to fourfold. This induction was also observed using the 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a known natural ligand for PPARgamma, whereas ligands specific for PPARalpha were without effect. The induction of PPARgamma expression by troglitazone was also observed in livers from rats fed a diet containing troglitazone. Troglitazone had no effect on the expression of the alpha- or beta-isoforms of PPAR, the more predominant liver isoforms. These results indicate that troglitazone produces a reprogramming of PPAR isoform content in liver, which may in part underlie the mechanism whereby troglitazone sensitizes the liver to the action of insulin and/or ameliorates hyperglycemia.
Pathological epithelial cell apoptosis and shedding in the murine small intestine

The intestinal epithelium represents a critical component of the gut barrier and is composed of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) held together by tight junctions. This epithelium prevents the entrance of harmful microorganisms, antigens and toxins from the gut lumen into the circulation. Small intestinal homeostasis is maintained by the rate of shedding of senescent enterocytes from the villus tip exactly matching the rate of generation of new cells in the crypt. However, in various localised and systemic inflammatory conditions, intestinal homeostasis may be disturbed as a result of increased IEC shedding. Such pathological IEC shedding may cause transient gaps to develop in the epithelial barrier and result in increased intestinal permeability. Although pathological IEC shedding has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. This thesis describes the development of a murine model to study this phenomenon, as IEC shedding in this species is morphologically analogous to humans. IEC shedding was induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and mice deficient in TNF-receptor 1 (Tnfr1-/-), Tnfr2-/-, Nuclear Factor kappa B1 (Nfkb1-/-) or Nfkb2-/-. IEC apoptosis and cell shedding was quantified using immunohistochemistry for active Caspase-3 and gut lumen to systemic circulation permeability was assessed by measuring plasma fluorescence following fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran gavage. LPS at doses ≥0.125mg/kg induced rapid villus IEC apoptosis and cell shedding which was maximal at 1.5h. This coincided with significant villus shortening, fluid exudation into the gut lumen and diarrhoea. A significant increase in gut to circulation permeability was observed at 5h. TNFR1 was essential for LPS-induced IEC apoptosis and shedding and the fate of the IEC was also dependent on NFκB, with signalling via NFκB1 favouring cell survival, and via NFκB2 favouring apoptosis. This model will enable investigation of the importance and regulation of pathological IEC apoptosis and cell shedding in intestinal and systemic diseases.
EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A NONDIAPAUSE FORM OF MELANOPLUS BILITURATUS WALKER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)

A pictorial and written description of the external morphology of embryos of a nondiapause form of M. bilituratus is given. Daily morphological changes, on each of the 17 days of embryological development, are recorded and related to the duration of incubation at 30° C. Development at 25° and 35° C was completed in 24 and 15 days, respectively.
Immunohistochemical expression of MMP9, as a marker of local invasion in Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the head and neck region

Background: Malignant lymphoma is the generic term given to tumors of the lymphoid system and specifically of lymphocytes and their precursor cells, While all lymphomas are malignant neoplasms, there is a wide spectrum of clinical behavior, with some following an indolent clinical course and others behaving in an aggressive manner (will causing death in a short time frame if left untreated). The metastatic process involves intravasation and extravasation of tumor cells, followed by reimplantation of tumor cells, formation of a new tumor stoma, Degradation of the extracellular matrix and components of the basement membrane by proteases facilitates the detachment of tumor cells, their crossing of tissue boundaries, and invasion into adjacent tissue compartments. The importance of tumor-associated proteases in invasion and metastasis has been demonstrated for a variety of solid malignant tumors. MMP family has been implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Material and methods: This study included 67 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histopathologically diagnosed lymphoma blocks (head and neck lesions), 24 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and 43 Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies), in relation to the clinicopathological parameters was assessed. Results: The mean of expression of MMP-9 in NHL was higher (65.4±18) than that in HL (56.7±21.4) though it did not reach the level of statistical difference P > (0.05), while the mean of expression of MMP-9 in relation to tumor grades was different as it had a value of (72±14.1) in low grade tumors, (68.3±15) in the intermediate grade tumor and (61.4±20.7) in high grade tumors; consequently, this difference did not reached the level of statistical significance P(ANOVA) >0.05 . MMP 9 had no statistical significant correlation in regard to its mean in HL subtypes. Conclusions: This study had shown that there was no significant correlation between age and mean of expression of MMP-9 in HL and NHL. There was no statistical significant difference in the mean of expression of MMP-9 between HL and NHL subtypes. Keywords: MMP-9, local invasion, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
Ability to Transmit Sugarcane Mosaic Virus and Seasonal Phenology of Some Aphid Species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Isis and Bundaberg Districts of Queensland

Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sultzer) transmitted the Australian sugarcane strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV‐SC) in a non‐persistent manner, whereas Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas), Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.) and Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe did not transmit the virus. Calculated transmission rate per aphid was higher (12–16%) when sweetcorn was the source of SCMV‐SC than when sugarcane was the source (2–5%). M. sacchari (a non‐vector) and A. gossypii (a vector) were the most prevalent aphids caught on sticky yellow traps in the Isis and Bundaberg districts in 1989–91. Three vector species, A craccivora Koch, A. gossypii and R. maidis, were trapped mainly in spring, summer and autumn, and a fourth vector species, R. padi (L.) was trapped only in winter. Since vector species were active during all seasons, there is always potential for transmission of SCMV‐SC if host, virus and environmental factors are favourable.
Evaluación espacial y temporal de la diversidad de los ascomicetes dulceacuícolas del canal turístico Santa Cruz, Xochimilco, México

Se investigo la diversidad de los ascomicetes del canal Santa Cruz, considerado el de mayor importancia turistica en Xochimilco, Distrito Federal. En 2007 se realizaron 2 muestreos en las epocas de menor y mayor precipitacion. En el margen del canal se establecieron 4 estaciones de muestreo con diferente grado de urbanizacion y en cada una se sumergieron bloques de madera de Virola sp. , Tabebuia donnell-smithii, Bucida buceras, Pinus sp. , Cupressus lindlei y Abies religiosa durante 8 semanas. Se midio la temperatura, el pH, el oxigeno disuelto, la materia organica y el fosforo, y se determino el numero mas probable de bacterias coliformes del agua. Para evaluar los datos, se aplicaron el indice de diversidad de Shannon y el indice de similitud de Sorensen. La mayor diversidad de ascomicetes (H’ = 1.152) se registro en la tercera estacion, ubicada en la zona de viveros con flores y la menor diversidad (H’ = 0.976) se obtuvo en la primera estacion, localizada frente al embarcadero Santa Cruz, ambos valores de diversidad coincidieron con el grado de urbanizacion y con los datos fisicoquimicos y bacteriologicos. La temporada de lluvias presento la diversidad mas baja debido probablemente al efecto de la precipitacion en este ambiente acuatico.
Effect of habitat use and diet on the gastrointestinal parasite community of an avian omnivore from an urbanized environment

With urbanization, anthropogenic foods have grown in importance for several species. A shift away from natural foods is likely to affect trophically transmitted parasites, although this has received limited attention in urban-adapted avian omnivores. We examined the effect of habitat use and diet on gastrointestinal parasite assemblages of Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis Ord, 1815) breeding in an urbanized region (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) using three approaches depicting different temporal scales. Birds were fitted with global positioning system data loggers to determine habitat-use patterns during a 2–3 day period. Stomach contents were examined, providing dietary information during the preceding hours. Liver carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope signatures served as proxy of nutrient assimilation during the preceding 10 days. Endoparasite community variations were best explained by δ13C and δ15N ratios. Individuals with lower δ15N had lower parasite abundance, while δ13C was enriched i.
Farmer participatory crop improvement. IV. The spread and impact of a rice variety identified by participatory varietal selection

Participatory varietal selection in a development project in western India showed that the rice (Oryza sativa) variety Kalinga III was highly preferred by farmers. The spatial diffusion of this variety from three villages (two project and one non-project) was studied. Seed of Kalinga III had spread from the three villages in 1994 to 41 villages by 1996 and is estimated to have reached over 100 widely distributed villages by 1997. Farmer-to-farmer spread was as high from the non-project case study village that received no further seed from the project, possibly because farmers are more likely to spread seed of a new variety to other farmers when they have no assured supply. Project interventions used key villages, informal-sector seed merchants, and Non-Government Organizations in the spread of seed. The project also collaborated with Rajasthan State Agricultural University and Kalinga III has been proposed for release in that state. A financial analysis revealed the very high internal rates of return that are possible from investment in participatory varietal selection.