Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EXPLORATION OF TEACHERS’ EFFICACY IN TEACHING: COMPARATIVE STUDY IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA

Teacher’s self-efficacy can be varied according to experience gained, experience obtained from other people, social influences, and also physical and psychological welfare. In the context of teacher’s efficacy in Indonesia and Malaysia, those are certain become different because it undergoes differently. The aim of the research is to convey the difference between teachers in Malaysia and Indonesia from the perspective of a teacher's efficacy in teaching. This research is a comparative study. The research subjects were elementary school teachers who were continuing their studies in post graduate programs at Yogyakarta State University and Sultan Idris University of Education. They are given a scale of teacher efficacy in teaching consisting of three sub-scale that is teacher’s efficacy in involving students in learning, executing learning process, and class management. Research result shows that actually, in general, there are no significant differences in teacher efficacy in teaching between teachers in Malaysia and Indonesia. However, if differences are seen from each factor, it appears that there are differences in the efficacy of teachers in involving students in learning, while the efficacy in instructional learning strategies, and efficacy in classroom management, there are still no significant differences.
Combining ability and Heterosis analysis for grain yield and yield associated traits in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

This experiment was conducted to determine the general and specific combining abilities and heterosis for grain yield and yield associated traits in pea as a source of protein through line x tester analysis. Grain yield and its inheritance were carried out for investigation through a 12 x 3 line x tester analysis. Experimental materials comprising 15 parents and their 36 hybrids. The materials were planted in a randomized block design with three replications. The general combining ability and Specific combining ability effects were significant indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive types of gene actions. Heterosis was determined as the superiority over mid parent heterosis as well as better parent (HBP). Grain yield showed highly significant heterosis ranging from -36.29 to 8.77and relative heterosis ranged from -25.85 to 13.19 respectively.
Critical Thought Processes in Solving Problems Reviewed from the High Level Mathematical Ability

- This research is based on efforts to recognize students 'critical thinking processes in solving algebraic problems, hopefully it can be used to design appropriate models or strategies in an effort to improve students' abilities that are still low in terms of mathematical modeling and analyzing problems to prove theorems that really need critical thinking skills. This study is classified as a qualitative-explorative study conducted at students of mathematics education at the Faculty of Science and Technology of UIN Walisongo. Data analysis techniques used in this study refer to the stages of qualitative data analysis namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The technique of checking the validity of data using time triangulation. Results of this study conclude that subjects with high mathematical abilities can decide and apply problem solving strategies correctly and appropriately, but are less able to evaluate problem solving carried out with definitions, valid mathematical theorems. So in an effort to improve the critical thinking skills of students with high mathematical abilities, strategies or models that can accommodate this condition are needed. this difference.
Encrypting Wireless Communications on the Fly Using One-Time Pad and Key Generation

The one-time pad (OTP) secure transmission relies on the random keys to achieve perfect secrecy, while the unpredictable wireless channel is shown to be a good random source. There is very few work of the joint design of OTP and key generation from wireless channels. This article provides a comprehensive and quantitative investigation on secure transmission achieved by OTP and wireless channel randomness. We propose two OTP secure transmission schemes, i.e., identical key-based physical-layer secure transmission (IK-PST) and un-IK-PST (UK-PST). We quantitatively analyze the performance of both schemes and prove that UK-PST outperforms IK-PST. We extend the pairwise schemes to a group of users in networks with star and chain topologies. We implement prototypes of both schemes and evaluate the proposed schemes through both simulations and experiments. The results verify that UK-PST has a higher effective secret transmission rate than that of IK-PST for scenarios with both pairwise and group users.
Is microbial activity in tropical forests limited by phosphorus availability? Evidence from a tropical forest in China

The prevailing paradigm for soil microbial activity in tropical forests is that microbial activity is limited by phosphorus (P) availability. Thus, exogenous P addition should increase rates of organic matter decomposition. Studies have also confirmed that soil respiration is accelerated when P is added experimentally. However, we hypothesize that the increased rates of soil microbial respiration could be due to the release of organic material from the surface of soil minerals when P is added, because P is more successful at binding to soil particles than organic compounds. In this study, we demonstrate that P addition to soil is associated with significantly higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in a tropical evergreen forest in southern China. Our results indicate that P fertilization stimulated soil respiration but suppressed litter decomposition. Results from a second sorption experiment revealed that the recovery ratio of added DOC in the soil of a plot fertilized with P for 9 years was larger than the ratio in the soil of a non-fertilized plot, although the difference was small. We also conducted a literature review on the effects of P fertilization on the decomposition rates of litter and soil organic matter at our study site. Previous studies have consistently reported that P addition led to higher response ratios of soil microbial respiration than litter decomposition. Therefore, experiments based on P addition cannot be used to test whether microbial activity is P-limited in tropical forest soils, because organic carbon desorption occurs when P is added. Our findings suggest that the prevailing paradigm on the relationship between P and microbial activity in tropical forest soils should be re-evaluated.
Fruit quality and processing potential in five new blackcurrant cultivars

At the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, five new blackcurrant varieties were evaluated in terms of yield, fruit size, fruit appearance, taste and chemical composition. The cultivars evaluated were 'Gojai', 'Svajai', 'Dailiai', 'Senjorai' and 'Salviai', all of which were registered in 2004. 'Titania' served as the reference standard. Nectars and jams produced from these cultivars were also evaluated in terms of taste, ascorbic acid content, and anthocyanins content. The cultivars with the highest yields were 'Gojai' and 'Salviai', which were significantly more productive than 'Titania'. The new cultivars had larger, more attractive and tastier fruits than 'Titania'. Nectar and jam made from the new cultivars were also better than nectar and jam made from 'Titania'. The cultivars with the highest ascorbic acid content were 'Salviai' with 230 mg%, and 'Svajai' with 212 mg%, compared to 'Titania' with 151 mg%. The cultivars with the highest anthocyanin content were 'Gojai' with 414 mg%, and 'Salviai' with 402 mg%, compared to 'Titania' with 391 mg%. Ascorbic acid content ranged from 57 to 69 mg% in nectars, and from from 54 to 57 mg% in jams. Anthocyanins content ranged from 45 to 93 mg% in nectars, and from 34 to 73 mg% in jams.
Coastline Change Modelling Induced by Climate Change Using Geospatial Techniques in Togo (West Africa)

Climate change is a major concern of humanity. One of the consequences of climate change is global warming causing melting glaciers, rising sea levels and shoreline regression. In Togo, the regression of shoreline leads to coastal erosion with significant damage on socio-economic infrastructures and human habitats. This research, basing on geospatial techniques, focuses on coastal erosion monitoring from 1988 to 2018 in Togo. It is interested in the extraction of shoreline and in the analysis of change. Various satellite images indexes have been developed for shoreline extraction but the major scientific problem concerns the precision of the different classification algorithms methods used for the extraction of the shoreline from these water index. This study used NDWI index from multisource satellite images. It assesses the performance of Otsu threshold segmentation, Iso Cluster Unsupervised Classification and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Supervised Classification methods for the extraction of the shoreline on NDWI index. The topographic morphology such as linear and non-linear coastal surfaces have been considered. The estimation of the rates of change of the shoreline was performed using the statistical linear regression method (LRR). The results revealed that the SVM Supervised Classification method showed good performance on linear and non-linear coastal surface than the other methods. For the kinematics of the shoreline, the southwest of the Togolese coast has an average erosion rate ranging from 2.49 to 5.07 m per year. The results obtained will serve as decision-making support tools for the design and implementation of appropriate adaptations plans to avoid the immersion of the asphalt road by sea, displacement of population and disturbance of human habitats.
Identification of negative BOLD responses using windkessel models

Alongside positive BOLD responses (PBR), a variety of negative BOLD responses (NBR) with distinct underlying mechanisms also occur. We identify five mechanisms of NBR: i) local/lateral/contralateral inhibition (LCI), ii) neuronal disruption of network activity (NDA), iii) altered balance of neuro-metabolic/vascular couplings (ANC), iv) arterial blood stealing (ABS), and v) venous blood backpressure (VBB). Detecting and classifying these mechanisms from BOLD signals is pivotal in understanding normal/pathological brain functions. This requires models and parameters with anatomical/functional interpretation that furnish the understanding of how these mechanisms are fingerprinted by their BOLD responses. Here, we used a windkessel model with viscoelastic compliance as well as dynamics of both neuronal and tissue/blood O2 to investigate the generation, detection, classification and interpretation of the BOLD hemodynamic response functions (HRF) of above mechanisms. Firstly, we evaluated the use of the general linear model to detect simulated NBRs. Secondly, we tested the ability of a machine learning classifier, built from a simulated ensemble of HRFs, to predict the mechanism underlying a new HRF. Crossvalidation indicates NDA and ANC can accurately be classified solely from fMRI BOLD signals; while LCI, ABS and VBB might require additional imaging modalities. Thirdly, we demonstrated that estimators of the model parameters determinant in the NBRs formation are accurate, and precise to certain resolutions. Finally, we successfully applied our detection/classification/estimation methodology to EEG-fMRI data in a clinical situation where several of these mechanisms could coexist. We believe that the proper identification and interpretation of NBR mechanisms have important clinical and cognitive implications in fMRI studies.
The Anxiety Disorder Among the Healthcare Providers During The COVID-19 Infection Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Background: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) imposes a considerable psychological burden on the medical staff working in central hospitals for COVID-19. In this systematic review, we will discuss the prevalence and the risk factors of anxiety disorder among the frontline medical staff dealing with COVID-19 patients.Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science data bases were systematically searched from December 01, 2019 to April 30, 2020 for related published articles. In all electronic databases, the following search strategy was implemented and these key words (in the title/abstract) were used: “COVID-19” OR “novel Coronavirus” AND “anxiety” OR “psychology” OR “psychiatry” OR “psychological distress” AND “nurses” or “clinicians”. We included only the cross sectional studies.Results: Through the search strategy, we could identify eight related cross sectional articles about anxiety among the healthcare workers in central hospitals for COVID-19 infection. However, the authors scanned the reference lists of the included studies and identified multiple references. According to our findings, the frontline medical staff are at risk developing anxiety disorder which is mainly mild. Additionally, the female nurses are more susceptible to experience anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: Regarding to the outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide and the workload of the frontline medical staff dealing with COVID-19 patients, a particular attention should be given on the mental health of the healthcare provides.
A comparative study on antibacterial effects of Hagenia abyssinica oil extracted from different parts of the plant using different solvents against two selected and standardized human pathogens

Hagenia abyssinica is an important medicinal plant that the traditional society relied on for generations as a traditional medicine for various types of worm infections. The tree is a multipurpose dioecious tree and can grow up to 20 m in length. This research work is designed to investigate the antibacterial activity of H. abyssinica oils extracted using three different kinds of solvent and from three different parts of the plant on two standard bacterial isolates obtained from Pasteur Institute located at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The solvents used to extract the oils are ethyl acetate, n-hexane and methanol. Accordingly, the antibacterial activity of all the oils were tested and the oil extracted using methanol from all parts of the plants was characterized by having a higher mean of zone of inhibition (which is 1.710 in centimeter diameter) as compared to the two other oils (n-hexane, which is 0910 and that of ethyl acetate, which is 0.842). The data obtained from this research work showed that the oils extracted from the different parts of the plant using the three different solvents exhibited a higher mean zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus (which is 1.279) than that of Escherichia coli (which is 1.029). In addition, oil extracted from root of the plant has a higher mean of zone of inhibition (which is 1.415) as compared to the leaf (which is 1.14) and bark (which is 0.908). Generally, oils extracted from root, leaf and bark of H. abyssinica have an antibacterial property even if they exhibit difference. Key words: Hagenia abyssinica, oil, solvents, antibacterial activity, zone of inhibition, S. aureus, E. coli.
Rewards and Work Engagement of Non-Academic Staff: A Case of a Public University in Uganda

This study examined the relationship between employee rewards on work engagement of non-academic staff in a public University in Uganda. Specifically, the study analyzed relationship between intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards with work engagement of the support staff. Using a quantitative approach, the study adopted the correlational research design. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics were means while the inferential statistics included correlation and regression analysis. Descriptive results revealed that while the respondents rated intrinsic rewards, vigour and dedication high, absorption and extrinsic rewards were moderate. Inferential analyses revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards had a positive and significant relationship with work engagement. It was concluded that both intrinsic and intrinsic rewards are essential for work engagement of employees. Therefore, it was recommended that management of universities such as human resource directorates should design jobs that offer intrinsic rewards to employees and provide extrinsic rewards that are attractive to employees.
The Impact of Lockdowns on Crime and Violence Against Women – Evidence From India

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 2 billion people in the world affected by lockdowns. This has significant socioeconomic implications, especially in areas such as crime, where police resources are diverted from crime prevention towards enforcing lockdowns. This study analyzes the effect of lockdowns and their severity on crime and violence against women in India. A sharp regression discontinuity design is implemented harnessing the sudden introduction of a state-wide lockdown and novel high-frequency criminal case data. The results show a sharp decrease in aggregate crime produced by the lockdown. Over 60 per cent reductions are observed in diverse types of crimes such as murder, theft, and crimes against women, among others. This seems to be driven by the higher search costs faced by criminals. Finally, by exploiting geographic variation in terms of lockdowns' severity across districts, this study shows that relaxing lockdowns' initial restrictions increase crime, but the increment is lower in less restrictive lockdowns than in restrictive ones. While economically-motivated crimes increased, violent crimes were not impacted. This suggests that the economic downturn produced by the lockdown might be driving these effects.
Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease virus and its pathological changes in vaccinated chickens in selected areas of Barisal district in Bangladesh

The objectives of this study were to evaluate humoral immunity against Newcastle disease (ND) virus in vaccinated chickens in terms of serum HI antibody titers in broiler and layer chickens and to determine pathological changes in vaccinated chickens. A total of 240 serum samples were collected from broiler (135) and layer (105) chickens from Barishal Sadar, Babugonj and Gournadi Upazilas of Barishal district in Bangladesh after two weeks of scheduled vaccination programme. The overall detection of Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against Newcastle disease virus was 62.2% in broiler and 83.8% in layer chickens. The percentages of specific HI antibody titer in broiler chickens were 57.5, 70 and 48 in 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks, and 4-above weeks age groups respectively where in layer chickens were 85, 80, 90, 80 and 80 in 15-24 weeks, 25-34 weeks, 35-44 weeks, 45-54 weeks and > 55 weeks of age groups respectively. For both broiler and layer chicken’s protective antibody titers were found higher in adult than in young chickens. Out of 240 samples HI titers of 172 (71.67%) samples were found at protective level, 42 (17.5%) samples were at marginal level and 26 (10.83%) samples were below protective level. Among 26 samples of non-protective level, 21 were broiler and 5 were layer chicken. Out of 26 samples, 10 (38.46%) were found apparently infected with NDV where 8 (38.09%) were broiler and 2 (40%) were layer. The apparently infected birds were diagnosed on the basis of postmortem findings and histopathological lesions. Results of the present investigation may help to design appropriate vaccination schedule for ND in broiler and layer chickens and thus to protect chickens from ND in field condition.
Capture effects in wild boar: a multifaceted behavioural investigation

Although the proliferation of the wild boar in Europe makes capturing and handling necessary for both management and research, the behavioural responses of this species to capture are still unknown. We evaluated how capture affects wild boar behaviour during the first 30 days after the release, focusing on the animals' total activity, mobility and activity rhythms and their variation in response to different drug mixtures used for sedation. Low levels of activity and mobility characterized the first 10 post-capture days. After this period, a gradual restoring of stable levels occurred. Wild boar captured by using different drug mixtures exhibited slightly different patterns of activity depression. We also showed capture to produce a partial effect on wild boar behavioural rhythmicity. Our findings highlight the case study variability of the capture effect and offer useful insights into several conservation and management implications.
Replisome preservation by a single-stranded DNA gate in the CMG helicase

The eukaryotic replicative helicase CMG is assembled at replication origins and is thought to remain topologically closed until termination. Upon encountering a lesion, CMG must vacate a stalled fork to allow DNA repair. However, the fate of CMG under these stress conditions remains unclear. Here, using correlative single-molecule fluorescence and force microscopy, we show that when uncoupled from a DNA polymerase, CMG opens a single-stranded (ss) DNA gate to traverse a forked junction and reside on double-stranded (ds) DNA. Surprisingly, CMG undergoes rapid diffusion on dsDNA and can transition back onto ssDNA for continued fork progression. The accessory protein Mcm10 is required for robust ssDNA gating. These results reveal an Mcm10-induced pathway that preserves CMG on DNA and allows it to access a repaired fork for swift replication recovery.
Species level classification of Mediterranean sparse forests-maquis formations using Sentinel-2 imagery

Abstract Essential forest ecosystem services can be assessed by better understanding the diversity of vegetation, specifically those of Mediterranean region. A species level classification of maquis would be useful in understanding vegetation structure and dynamics, which would be an indicator of degradation or succession in the region. Although remote sensing was regularly used for classification in the region, maquis are simply represented as one to three categories based on density or height. To fill this gap, we test the capability of Sentinel-2 imagery, together with selected ancillary variables, for an accurate mapping of the dominant maquis formations. We applied Recursive Feature Selection procedure and used a Random Forest classifier. The algorithm is tested using ground truth collected from site and reached 78% and 93% overall accuracy at species level and physiognomic level, respectively. Our results suggest species level characterization of dominant maquis is possible with Sentinel-2 spatial resolution.