Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Possible Ameliorative Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Curcumin Onbleomycin Induced Lung Injuries in the Adult Male Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Background: Bleomycin (BLM) is a chemotherapeutic agent that produces pulmonary fibrosis. Curcumin is a naturally occurring compound, uses in medicine and has many beneficial therapeutic effects. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) is a novel approach with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Aim of the work: To evaluate whether or not curcumin improves the stem cells therapeutic effects on bleomycin induced lung injuries in adult male rats. Material and methods: Fifty adult male rats were included and divided equally into 5 groups. Group I (control), Group II (bleomycin group): The rats received single intratracheal instillation of 1 mg/kg of bleomycin, Group III (curcumin group): The rats received curcumin 200 mg/kg body weight orally by gastric tube 5 days/week for 4 weeks, Group IV (stem cell group): The rats injected intraperitoneal by a single dose 3 × 106 of MSCs after 4 weeks of bleomycin injection, Group V (stem cell and curcumin group): The rats received curcumin as in the groups III after 4 weeks of bleomycin injection for 4 weeks and injected with the MSCs intraperitoneal after the last dose of curcumin. Lung samples were processed and examined using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Results: Group II showed thickening of interalveolar septa by RBCs and mononuclear cellular infiltration. Many collapsed alveoli, while other alveoli were dilated and ruptured. Their bronchiole lined by epithelial cells with deeply stained nuclei and their lumen were full of exfoliated epithelial cells. A significant increase in collagen and elastic fibers accumulation, positive PCNA immunoreactivity within the nuclei of cells lining alveoli and marked positive COX2 immunoreactivity within cytoplasmic of alveolar epithelial cells and in the bronchiolar epithelium. Group III, IV showed attenuation of some histological changes as compared to group II, while Group V showed improvement of the histological and immunohistochemical changes described before. Conclusion: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal can attenuate bleomycin induced lung injuries in rats, but curcumin can yield better beneficial effect over the BMSCs therapy alone.
PECTOBACTERIUM CAROTOVORUM subsp. ODORIFERUM ON CABBAGE AND CHINESE CABBAGE: IDENTIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND TAXONOMIC RELATEDNESS OF BACTERIAL SOFT ROT CAUSAL AGENTS

This study was aimed to isolate, identify and characterize Pectobacterium spp. causing soft rot disease of cabbage and Chinese cabbage in Central Poland. Of fifty two plant samples of cabbage and Chinese cabbage showing disease symptoms collected in Central Poland from 2007-2010, 542 bacterial isolates were obtained. Of isolates 117 caused soft rot on cabbage and Chinese cabbage leaves and potato slices and showed pectinolytic activity on crystal violet pectate medium. PCR using Y1/Y2 primers specific for Pectobacterium genus revealed that twenty three of them belonged to this genus. Phenotypic characterization in combination with DNA-based typing methods (rep-PCRs) and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, and housekeeping genes gyrB , infB , rpoB , atpD , and rpoS (MultiLocus Sequence Typing) done for 12 Polish representatives and reference strains allowed for their identification and revealed genetic diversity. Additional phylogeny analysis of the rpoS gene for Polish and worldwide well defined Pectobacterium spp. strains allowed to classify obtained strains into Pectobacterium spp. phylogenetic clusters (PcI-PcV). The presented studies showed that 8 of 12 isolated Pectobacterium carotovorum strains belong to the Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ( Pcc ) cluster PcII and other four strains belong to the subspecies Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum ( Pco ) cluster PcIII. To our knowledge, this is the first report that P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum cause soft rot of cabbage and Chinese cabbage in Central Poland.
Multi‐level patterns in population genetics: Variogram series detects a hidden isolation‐by‐distance‐dominated structure of Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos

Large‐scale pattern‐oriented approaches are useful to understand the multi‐level processes that shape the genetic structure of a population. Matching the scales of patterns and putative processes is both a key to success and a challenge. We have developed a simple statistical approach, based on variogram analysis, that identifies multiple spatial scales where the population pattern, in this case genetic structure, have highest expression (i.e. the spatial scales at which the strength of patterning of isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) residual variance reached maximum) from empirical data and, thus, at which scales it should be studied relative to the underlying processes. The approach is applicable to any spatially explicit pairwise data, including genetic, morphological or ecological distance or similarity of individuals, populations and ecosystems. To exemplify possible applications of this approach, we analysed microsatellite genotypes of 1,530 brown bears from Sweden and Norway. The variogram approach identified two scales at which population structure was strongest, thus indicating two different scale‐dependent processes: home‐range‐related processes at scales <35 km, and subpopulation division at scales >98 km. On the basis of this, we performed a scale‐explicit analysis of genetic structure using DResD analysis and compared the results with those obtained by the Bayesian clustering implemented in structure. We found that the genetic cluster identified in central Scandinavia by Structure is caused by IBD, with distinct gene flow barriers to the south and north. We discuss possible applications and research perspectives to further develop the approach.
Evaluar los enemigos naturales de Leucaena Psyllid y Onion Thrips en los procesos de cosecha en diferentes genotipos de Leucaena* Survey the natural enemies of Leucaena Psyllid and Onion Thrips on the harvest processes in different Leucaena genotypes

The study was conducted in 2013 and 2014, at Xmatkuil Merida, Yucatan, Mexico to survey natural enemies and their effects on the population dynamics of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit pests: Leucaena Psyllids, Heteropsylla cubana, Crawford (1914) (Homoptera: Psyllidae) and Onion Thrips, Thrips tabaci, Lindeman (1889) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on four Leucaena genotypes: Cunningham, K636, Nativa and KX2. The juvenile leaves were collected, examined and the natural enemy's counts were correlated with each pest numbers. Nine predators related to 5 orders, and one parasitoid controlled the populations of both pests. In the first season Nativa had the largest densities of Psyllid, and Cunningham for Thrips. In the second season, Nativa for both pests. The least numbers recorded in KX2 for both pests. The coefficient of correlation (r) was stronger between natural enemies and H. cubana than T. tabaci. In the first season three peaks of Psyllid were occurred, two before the first harvest during May and June and one after at December. Otherwise, four peaks of Thrips were recorded on Cunningham, Nativa, and K636 during May to Aug. and only two occurred on KX2 at May and June. In the second season the largest population of pests was recorded in Nativa, and the lowest were in KX2 for both pests (r) was negative
Conifer Diet Choices Made by Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) of North Central British Columbia During a Cafeteria-Style Feeding Trial

Abstract The winter diets of northern mule deer are comprised predominantly of shrubs and trees. Included in winter diets are various species of conifers, some of which are important forestry and ornamental crop trees. Diet choices and feeding habits of mule deer utilizing conifer crops, however, have not been widely reported. Here, we document diet choices made by human-habituated mule deer from north central British Columbia during an exploratory cafeteria-style feeding trial using boughs of thirteen species of native North American and introduced European conifers. Mule deer consumed more biomass from exotic conifers (specifically pine) than from rarely encountered native conifers, and consumed the least biomass from those native conifers commonly encountered by deer in northern BC, a finding which appears to lend support to the Biotic Resistance Hypothesis. From most to least biomass consumed, deer selected Mugho pine, Scots pine, western hemlock, subalpine fir, Douglas fir, Norway spruce, Ponderosa pine, western white pine, lodgepole pine, common juniper, red cedar, black spruce, and hybrid white spruce. Analysis of Variance testing suggested that deer preferred to eat exotic Mugho and Scots pine and avoided eating commonly encountered, native black and hybrid white spruce. A relationship also existed between the biomass consumed and the number of bites taken by deer from each species, which generally indicated that deer took more bites from exotic and rarely encountered conifers, but not always. Our results suggest that northern mule deer, therefore, may be more likely to damage introduced pine and other exotics relative to native species planted in either ornamental or forest plantation settings when deer densities are high and/or browse resources are limited.
Coupled changes between the H‐Print biomarker and δ15N indicates a variable sea ice carbon contribution to the diet of Cumberland Sound beluga whales

Sub‐Arctic habitats are being exposed to increasingly long periods of open water as sea ice continues to decline in thickness and extent. Some hypothesize that this will result in a reduction, and maybe total loss of sea ice derived (sympagic) carbon supply; however, the impact of such change on ecosystems requires further investigation. Here, we used the H‐Print biomarker approach that utilizes well‐defined indicators of both sympagic and phytoplanktic carbon, in combination with stable isotopes (δ15N), to study the effect of reducing sympagic carbon availability on beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in the sub‐Arctic ecosystem of Cumberland Sound. Our data show that decreasing δ15N in belugas was negatively correlated with pelagic carbon (H‐Print) within their diet. We also identified a statistically significant (R2 = 0.82; p ≤ 0.01) change point in the proportion of sympagic/pelagic carbon within beluga around the year 2000, signified by consistently reducing δ15N, coupled with increasing pelagic carbon composition. This observed shift from sympagic to pelagic contribution to diet is likely to remain a feature of the Cumberland Sound ecosystem during the projected reduction of sea ice.
Batch Syngas Fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans for Production of Acids and Alcohols

Syngas (CO, CO2, and H2) has attracted special attention due to the double benefit of syngas fermentation for carbon sequestration (pollution reduction), while generating energy. Syngas can be either produced by gasification of biomasses or as a by-product of industrial processes. Only few microorganisms, mainly clostridia, were identified as capable of using syngas as a substrate to produce medium chain acids, or alcohols (such as butyric acid, butanol, hexanoic acid, and hexanol). Since CO plays a critical role in the availability of reducing equivalents and carbon conversion, this work assessed the effects of constant CO partial pressure (PCO), ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 atm, on cell growth, acid production, and solvent production, using Clostridium carboxidivorans. Moreover, this work focused on the effect of the liquid to gas volume ratio (VL/VG) on fermentation performances; in particular, two VL/VG were considered (0.28 and 0.92). The main results included—(a) PCO affected the growth kinetics of the microorganism; indeed, C. carboxidivorans growth rate was characterized by CO inhibition within the investigated range of CO concentration, and the optimal PCO was 1.1 atm (corresponding to a dissolved CO concentration of about 25 mg/L) for both VL/VG used; (b) growth differences were observed when the gas-to-liquid volume ratio changed; mass transport phenomena did not control the CO uptake for VL/VG = 0.28; on the contrary, the experimental CO depletion rate was about equal to the transport rate in the case of VL/VG = 0.92.
Effects of restricted periods of feed access on feed intake, digestion, behaviour, heat energy, and performance of Alpine goats

ABSTRACT Fifty Alpine goats at 125 ± 3.0 days-in-milk were given access in Calan gate feeders to a 40% forage diet for 12 wk continuously (Control), during daytime (Day) or night (Night), or for 2 or 4 h/day after milking in the morning and afternoon (2Hour and 4Hour, respectively), resulting in few significant effects. In a second 12-wk experiment, average daily gain (ADG) by 40 Alpines at 14 ± 0.7 days-in-milk (73, 39, 11, 24, and 21 g) was greater for Control than for the average of other treatments, milk yield was similar among treatments, milk fat was lower (P = .089) for Control (3.41%, 3.88%, 4.21%, 3.70%, and 3.49%), and milk energy was not affected (8.20, 7.36, 9.53, 8.56, and 6.91 MJ/day for Control, 2Hour, 4Hour, Day, and Night, respectively). Metabolizable energy intake (31.25, 22.69, 25.92, 26.69, and 23.46 MJ/day) and heat energy (17.51, 13.34, 14.09, 15.54, and 15.25MJ/day) were greater and milk energy relative to ME intake was lower for Control (26.0%, 31.9%, 37.6%, 31.4%, and 30.0% for Control, 2Hour, 4Hour, Day, and Night, respectively). In conclusion, continuous diet access of dairy goats in early to mid-lactation can affect partitioning of nutrients between milk synthesis and tissue accretion differently than some restricted feeder access treatments.
Intra-Industry Transfer of Information Inferred From Trading Volume

This study examines the responsiveness of trading volume to a firm’s earnings announcements We find that the volume and earnings surprise information generated at the first earnings announcement within an industry help to explain the stock returns of the non-announcing firm. Specifically, it explains their equity performance at the time of the first industry announcement and then again after their own earnings announcement. These results provide novel insights into how earnings announcements contain both firm specific as well as industry information that is value relevant for investors.
Assessment of Noise Levels in Primary and Secondary Schools in Nnewi, Anambra State

This study was conducted basically to evaluate the noise dB(A) levels in primary and secondary schools within Otolo area of Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of eight (8) randomly selected schools (four primary and four secondary schools) were assessed. Noise levels in the classrooms and school playgrounds of the schools were measured using a factory-calibrated sound level meter. Results of this study revealed that the noise levels of classrooms and playgrounds of the schools selected for this study were in the range of 78-92 dB(A) and 61-97 dB(A) respectively. These levels were significantly above the World Health Organization’s recommended classroom and outdoor/playground noise levels. This study creates awareness on the implications of noise in schools and learning centers, and also promotes a simple method for regular assessment of the noise levels in these environments.
Effects of Whole Yeast Cell Product Supplementation in Chickens Post-coccidial and Post-Salmonella Challenge

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of whole yeast cell product supplementation in layer chicken production parameters, fecal and intestinal coccidial oocyst counts and immune parameters following an experimental coccidial infection. In experiment I, one-day-old layer chicks were fed three experimental diets with 0, 0.1 or 0.2% whole yeast cell product. At 21 days of whole yeast cell product feeding, birds were challenged with live coccidial oocysts, In experiment II, 40-week-old layer hens were fed three experimental diets with 0, 0.05 or 0.1% whole yeast cell product and challenged with live coccidial oocysts at 21 d of whole yeast cell product feeding. In experiment I, supplementation with whole yeast product numerically increased (P = 0.08) body weight gain post-coccidial challenge and had no significant effect on feed consumption. Supplementation with whole yeast cell product decreased (P < 0.05) the fecal coccidial oocyst count at 7 and 8 days post-coccidial challenge. Supplementation with whole yeast cell product did not alter CD4 and CD8 cell populations in the spleen or cecal tonsils post-coccidial challenge. In experiment II, supplementation with whole yeast cell product did not significantly alter body weight
The Moderating Role of Dividend Policy on The Influence of Liquidity, Profitability, Leverage, and Investment Opportunity Set Against Stock Return Registered in The Jakarta Islamic Index

Stock return is an advantage expected by the investor in the latter days to the number of funds he/she has invested. There are two factors that affect the stock return, namely external and internal factors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the moderating role of dividend policy in the relationship between liquidity, profitability, leverage, and investment opportunity set against the stock return. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method with the population is service companies registered in the Jakarta Islamic Index for 2014-2018 periods. By implementing a purposive sampling technique, this study ended-up with 7 service companies as a sample. Moreover, data analysis is processed with partial least square analysis techniques using the Application WarpPLS 6.0. The results showed that liquidity has significant negative impact on the stock return, profitability and investment opportunity set significantly positively affect the stock return, and leverage has no significant effect on stock return. While the dividend policy strengthens the liquidity relationship to stock return, the dividend policy weakens the leverage relation to the stock return, otherwise, the dividend policy is unable to moderate the profitability relationship and investment opportunity set against the stock return.
Counterintelligence in Afghanistan: Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System

: The present article explores one of the most relevant counterintelligence (CI) programs in Afghanistan. The preliminary credibility assessment screening system (PCASS) assisted to provide initial screening of suspects for further follow up of intelligence and security forces. Thus, the objective of this article is to explore the dynamics of employing this technology in fragile states in support of the intelligence activities. To that purpose, we have used an exploratory case study research, which included several sources of data collection. We found that PCASS is used to empower the Afghan police forces to identify and neutralize insider threats, but also to keep NATO-coalition forces safer. Further research should focus, for instance, on the impact of the Afghan culture on PCASS operations.
Assessment of genetic diversity and recombination in maize

Sequencing has revolutionized our approaches to understanding diversity and assessing biological questions. Multiple sequencing methods have been developed to catalog the genetic diversity of maize. The large size of the maize genome has made reduced representation sequencing an efficient approach to cataloging the diversity of maize. To assess diversity, tGBS, a reduced representation sequencing method, was developed to accurately genotype homozygous and heterozygous loci in a flexible manner, which stands in contrast to currently available GBS methods. tGBS provides genotyping accuracies of > 97% estimated from multiple maize populations, even at heterozygous loci. However, whole-genome sequencing and de novo genome assembly provide improved detection of certain forms of genetic variation, such as structural variation, at increased cost. Linked read sequencing, which incorporates long molecule information, has the potential to provide variant calls via efficient genome assembly. To test the use of linked read sequencing for structural variant discovery and reference genome assembly, the quality of a de novo genome assembly constructed from maize inbred line using the linked read strategy was assessed. An assembly with ~120k contigs covering 50% of the genome was developed, and the assessed accuracy was determined to be high. Repeat content remains a challenge in maize linked read assembly, but appears to contain patterns that may be resolved using further computational developments. In addition to cataloging diversity, the process of recombination that generates and distributes variants must be understood. To better understand the distribution of recombination in genes which may generate new haplotypes or novel alleles, reduced representation sequencing was performed to identify thousands of crossovers and gene
Changes in abundance and reproductive activity of small arid-zone murid rodents on an active cattle station in central Australia

Abstract Context. Boom and bust population cycles are characteristic of many arid-zone rodents, but it is unknown to what extent these dynamics might be influenced by the presence of invasive rodents, such as the house mouse (Mus musculus) in Australia. Aim. To determine whether the presence of M. musculus can have negative consequences on the population abundance and reproduction of two old Australian endemic rodents (the spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis, and sandy inland mouse, Pseudomys hermannsburgensis). Methods. The study took place on the sand dunes of a cattle station in central Australia. Population abundance was estimated as the number of individuals caught in small mammal traps, and female reproductive condition by external examination and, in a few cases, euthanasia and inspection of the reproductive tract. Key results. Two synchronous periods of high abundance of N. alexis and M. musculus occurred several months after significant rainfall events, whereas the abundance of P. hermannsburgensis was consistently low. No reproduction took place in N. alexis or M. musculus when populations had reached high abundance. During low-rainfall periods, M. musculus was not detected on the sand dunes, and the two endemic species were sparsely distributed, with reproduction occasionally being evident. Conclusions. During dry periods, M. musculus contracted back to refuges around the homestead and, after significant rainfall, it expanded onto the sand dunes and became abundant at the same time as did N. alexis. In contrast, and unlike in areas where M. musculus was generally rare, P. hermannsburgensis always remained at a low abundance. These patterns suggest that in areas of the natural environment close to human-modified sites, populations of at least one species of an old endemic rodent are supressed by the presence of M. musculus. Reproduction did not occur in the old endemics at times of high M. musculus abundance, but did take place in spring/early summer, even in some dry years. Implications. The spread of M. musculus into the Australian arid zone may have had negative impacts on the population dynamics of P. hermannsburgensis. These findings suggest that the presence of human settlements has resulted in refuges for house mice, which periodically spread out into the natural environment during ‘boom’ times and adversely affect the natural population cycle of ecologically similar species such as P. hermannsburgensis.