Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algal fermentation - the seed for a new fermentation industry of foods and related products.

Many kinds of fermented products are now being consumed as food and dietary items, although those produced from algae have yet to be developed. A recent observation that seaweed could be used as a substrate for lactic acid fermentation opened the possibility of obtaining such products as foods, diets and fertilizers by algal fermentation. This manuscript reviews past studies on the lactic acid fermentation of algae. Both macroalgae (seaweeds) and microalgae can be used as the materials for lactic acid fermentation, as successful fermentation has been observed regarding all the seaweed species tested to date. Saccharification by cellulase treatment is considered a significant element for inducing algal fermentation. The addition of a starter culture of lactic acid bacteria and salt also promotes successful fermentation. A wide range of Lactobacillus species can be used for inducing algal fermentation, with Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum in particular showing a superior ability to dominate in seaweed fermentation cultures. A starter culture of halophilic lactic acid bacteria that is now being developed will make it possible to prepare algal fermented products containing a high (>10%) salt content and having long-term preservation. As for application, a prototype of ‘seaweed sauce’ containing a high quantity of amino acids was obtained from Porphyla sp. (Rhodophyta). Some functional effects are also demonstrated when fish and animals were fed algal fermented products. Studies on the ethanol fermentation of seaweeds are also making progress. All these advances in algal fermentation are expected to lead to the creation of a new genre of algal fermentation industry.
Comparative phosphorus requirement of four lupin species

Abstract The yield response of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus), sand plain lupin (L. cosentinii), narrow‐leafed lupin (L. angustifolius), and white lupin (L. albus) to applications of phosphorus (P), as single superphosphate (0 to 80 kg P ha‐1), was measured in the year of application in a field experiment on a sandy soil. Comparative P requirement was determined from yields when no P was applied, the amount of P required to produce the same percentage of the maximum (relative) yield, such as 90% of the maximum yield, and the P content measured in dried tops. For all these criteria, P requirement generally increased in the order L. cosentinii < L. albus < L. angustifolius < L. luteus. Proteoid roots, found only on L. cosentinii and L. albus plants, were probably responsible for these species using indigenous soil P and applied fertilizer P more effectively than L. luteus and L. angustifolius.
Pollen and seed morphology of resurrection plants from the genus Ramonda (Gesneriaceae): relationship with ploidy level and relevance to their ecology and identification

The pollen and seeds of 3 paleoendemic resurrection species, Ramonda myconi (L.) Rchb. (Iberian Peninsula), R. nathaliae Pancic & Petrovic, and R. serbica Pancic (Balkan Peninsula), as well as of natural hybrids between the 2 last species, have been analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Their general structural differences, taxonomic and phylogenetic significance, pollen viability, and seed germination capacity, as well as the correlation of pollen and seed characteristics and plant ploidy levels, have been studied. The pollen grains are small (R. myconi , R. nathaliae) to medium (R. serbica) in size, ranging from 10 to 28 µm, and 3-colporate, isopolar monads with microreticulate-perforate exine. Seeds are small, 309 to 1000 µm long and 80 to 425 µm wide, elongated, with a reticulate surface and auriculate ornamentation. Micromorphologies of the pollen exine ornamentation and seed surface revealed significant differences among the 3 species. Pollen from hybrid individuals was heterogeneous in size and morphology, and the germination of their tiny seeds was very low. A strong correlation was found between pollen size, DNA content, and chromosome number. The environmental influence on pollen and seeds of 3 species and especially of the R. nathaliae population growing on serpentine is also discussed.
Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg

1. Eight diets of similar energy content, ranging in crude protein concentration from 95 to 256 g/kg, were given at either 2·5 or 3·2 times the energy level for maintenance to entire male pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg live weight. 2. Growth rate improved with increase in feeding level and with increasing dietary crude protein up to 164 g/kg ( P P P 3. Rate of protein deposition improved with increasing dietary crude protein up to 186 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively ( P P 4. Body fat content at 90 kg decreased with increasing dietary crude protein up to 210 and 164 g/kg on the lower and higher feeding treatments, respectively ( P P
Reading and writing development of low-achieving adolescents

In this study we investigate the role of linguistic knowledge, fluency and metacognitive knowledge in Dutch reading comprehension of native-Dutch and languageminority adolescent academic low achievers in the Netherlands. Results show that these components are substantially associated with reading comprehension. However, their role appears to be different for the native-Dutch and languageminority low achievers. There are interactions between knowledge and fluency components with membership of the native and language-minority group of low achievers, indicating that knowledge is more important in explaining reading comprehension of language-minority adolescents, whereas fluency is more important in explaining the native-Dutch students’ reading comprehension. Explanations of this difference between both groups of low achievers are discussed. 2 This chapter was previously published as: Trapman, M. , Van Gelderen, A. , Van Steensel, R. , Van Schooten, E. , & Hulstijn, J. (2014). Linguistic knowledge, fluency and meta-cognitive knowledge as components of reading comprehension in adolescent low achievers: differences between monolinguals and bilinguals. Journal of Research in Reading 37(S1), 1-21. The first author was the principle investigator of this study. The other authors acted as either advisors (Van Schooten and Van Steensel) or supervisors (Hulstijn and Van Gelderen).
Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on iris.

For efficiency using the amphibious plant iris to restore polluted water, the promoting effect of different arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi(AMF)on iris was investigated, by monitoring the plant growth index, the physicochemical properties of the soil and the plant photosynthesis indexes. The result showed that the promoting effects of the AMF on the aboveground part and the underground part of the iris were based on different mechanism. For the underground part of the iris, the AMF stimulated its growth through the nutrient enrichment which was performed by the enormous hypha network. The nitrogen absorbing rate of the G. mosseae and the G. intraradices infected iris increased about71.75% and 42.55%, and the phosphorous absorbing rate increased 8.36% and 9.5% separately. For the aboveground part of the iris, the AMF strengthened the conductance of the leaves′ stomas to control the balance between the net photosynthesis rate and the transpiration rate,so that the utilization rate of water resources was optimized, the metabolic rate was accelerated and the growth of the plant was promoted eventually. In this study, the promoting effect of the G. mosseae on the photosynthesis rate of the iris was significantly better than that of the G. intraradices(P0.05).
Respiratory, Ventilatory, Acid-Base and Ionoregulatory Physiology of the White Sucker Catostomus Commersoni: The Influence of Hyperoxia

Blood gases, acid-base status, plasma ions, respiration, ventilation and cardiovascular function were measured in white suckers, using standard cannulation methods. Basic respiratory parameters under normoxia were compared to those in the active, pelagic rainbow trout and in other benthic teleosts. Sustained environmental hyperoxia (350–550 torr) increased arterial O2 (102–392 torr) and venous O2 (17–80 torr) tensions so that blood O2 transport occurred entirely via physical solution. Dorsal aortic blood pressure and heart rate fell, the latter due to an increase in vagal tone. Ventilation volume declined markedly (by 50%) due to a decrease in ventilatory stroke volume, but absolute O2 extraction rose so that O2 consumption was unaffected. While the preceding effects were stable with time, arterial and venous CO2 tensions approximately doubled within 4 h, and continued to increase gradually thereafter. This CO2 retention caused an acidosis (7.993–7.814) which was gradually compensated by an accumulation of plasma [HCO3−]. However, even after 72 h, arterial pH remained significantly depressed by 0.10 units. The gradual rise in plasma [HCO3−] was accompanied by a progressive fall in both [Na+] and [Cl−]; [K+] and [Ca2+] remained unchanged. The responses of the sucker to hyperoxia are compared to those of the rainbow trout.
Self-Incompatibility in Crepis Foetida (L.) Subsp. Rhoeadifolia (Bieb.) Schinz Et Keller

ELF-INCOMPATIBILITY, or self-sberility caused by this condition, may S be defined as the physiological inability of an organism possessing both functional male and female gametes to be self-fertilized, It refers only to instances in which the plant’s own pollen and pistil come in contact with each other in the normal course of events, and excludes those cases in which self-fertilization is prevented by some natural device.
Prospects for Transgenic and Molecular Breeding for Cold Tolerance in Canola (Brassica napus L.)

Canola is cultivated both during winter and spring seasons in the United States and this exposes the crop to winter kill, frost, and high temperatures, during the reproductive period. The temperatures during winter and spring are known to influence all the crucial steps of the reproductive cycle including gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization and embryogenesis (Angadi, 2000). Winter rapeseed has been successfully grown in the Pacific Northwest, southern Great Plains, Midwest, and southeast regions of the USA. The hardiest cultivars will routinely survive winters in the north east of USA but survival is inconsistent further south (Rife et al., 2001). Winter-grown canola (Brassica napus L.) production is limited mostly by frost and winter-kill in the southern canola-growing regions of the United States (Singh et al., 2008). For instance, the late freeze in 2007 resulted in significant damage to most of the winter canola cultivars at the National Winter Canola Variety Trials in Alabama, U.S. (Cebert and Rufina, 2007). Winter hardiness and freezing tolerance are a major concern for improving production consistency in many regions of the canola growing countries.
Financial transaction tax and banking margins : an empirical note for Colombia

Taxes on financial transactions have been especially controversial because of their potential effects on banking disintermediation. A modality of such taxes (Bank Debit Tax, BDT) was introduced in Colombia since the late nineties. Using monthly panel data from 1996 to 2014 for the major depository institutions, this paper provides evidence on the effects of the BDT on bank intermediation spreads. For the total sample (thirteen banks), results suggest that nowadays the hypothetical elimination of the BDT would reduce spreads in 90 basis points, from 7,7% to levels close to 6,8%. The results do not provide clear evidence of differential impacts by bank size. Tests for a regime switch of the BDT are performed, but no evidence is found to support this conjecture.
INFLUENCE OF TREE DIAMETER ON CLIMBING ABILITY OF SMALL MAMMALS

Abstract Climbing ability can be a major component of the capability of terrestrial mammals to use vertical habitats. Previous studies suggest that small mammals from central Chile have low climbing capabilities. However, those studies have not disentangled the influence of tree diameter in natural habitats from true climbing ability of different species. We carried out a laboratory experiment by studying the climbing ability of 4 central Chilean small mammals, 2 octodontid rodents (Octodon bridgesi and O. degus), 1 murid rodent (Phyllotis darwini), and 1 marsupial (Thylamys elegans), in situations with different stem diameters. Species showed distinctive climbing abilities. The marsupial T. elegans showed efficient climbing ability independent of stem diameter. P. darwini and O. bridgesi were both influenced by stem diameter, but the former species used smaller-diameter stems less frequently. O. degus showed the lowest climbing ability.
Cold tolerance in obligate and cyclical parthenogens of the peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae

Abstract. 1. Many aphids form mixed populations of cyclical and obligate parthenogens. This is puzzling, because all else being equal, obligate parthenogens should outcompete cyclical parthenogens due to the two‐fold cost of sex. Yet cyclical parthenogens produce frost‐resistant, diapausing eggs in autumn, while obligate parthenogens spend the winter as active stages. Frost resistance thus represents a short‐term advantage to sexual reproduction mediated by winter temperatures, which may promote this coexistence.
A review of fossil and recent Desmaninae (Talpidae, Insectivora)

Numerous new finds have been described since Schreuder published "A revision of the fossil water-moles (Desmaninae)" in 1940. In addition to these described assemblages there are many undescribed collections in various institutions and museums. Most of the finds are from isolated localities scattered over Europe. This new revision of the subfamily Desmaninae is based primarily on the collection of the Institute of Earth Sciences of the Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, which includes many assemblages of desmanine moles. As well as our own collections, however, we have been able to study many assemblages put at our disposal by colleagues from other institutions. We have also made use of published data from various countries. Nearly all the material studied is allocated to one of the following three genera, i.e. the newly erected genus Dibolia, characterized by its small size and a bifid straight first upper incisor, Galemys, characterized by its small size and a pointed curved first upper incisor and Desmana, characterized by its medium to large size and a pointed curved first upper incisor. A fourth genus belonging to the Desmaninae, the genus Mygalinia, characterized by its very small size and aberrant mandibular ramus, is not represented in the material studied. The material from Hammerschmiede, described by Mayr and Fahlbusch (1975), although apparently belonging to a desmanine mole, could not be assigned to any of the known genera. A new classification of the subfamily is proposed. In this classification the genera are distinguished on the basis of the morphology of the i1 and the I1 and the overall size, whereas the species are distinguished by the absolute length and more in particular the relative length of six selected teeth, viz. p2, p3 and p4 and C, P2 and P3. In the genus Dibolia nine species are distinguished, in the genus Galemys four species and in the genus Desmana six species. In order to facilitate the determination of water-moles a general description of all desman teeth is given. A short discussion of the various types of lower jaw and their possible function, as well as a description of the chevrons (tail bones), which are indicative of an aquatic life, are added. The results of the measurements, a detailed description of the teeth used in the classification for each locality and some comments on the age of the assemblages are included.
Feeding whole grain with pelleted diets to growing broiler chickens

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kokojyvaviljan kayton vaikutuksia ja mahdollisuuksia broilerituotannossa. Broilereille annettiin 1-1,5 viikon iasta lahtien rehua, johon lisattiin asteittain jyvia. Kokeessa 1 kaytettiin rakeisia taysrehuja ja kokeissa 2 ja 3 erityisia taydennysrehuja, jotka sisalsivat 25 %raakavalkuaista. Kokeen lopussa jyvien maara oli suurimmillaan taysrehuun sekoitettuna 30 % ja taydennysrehujen kanssa 40 ja 50 %. Jyvien osuus rehun kokonaiskulutuksesta oli vastaavasti 20 %, 31 % ja 38 %. Kokeessa 1 kaytettiin vehnaa ja muissa kokeissa vehnan lisaksi myos vehna-ohraseoksia (70:30 ja 50:50). Kaikkiaan kokeissa oli 5880 Ross-poikasta, joiden kasvatusaika oli 37-38 vrk. Rehutahteiden raakavalkuaisanalyysien perusteella linnut eivat merkittavasti valinneet rakeiden ja jyvien valilla. Vehnanjyvien sekoittaminen rakeiseen taysrehuun vahensi rehunkulutusta ja sen seurauksena kasvua 3-5 %. Rakeista alku- eli starttirehua kaytettaessa jyvien kanssa rehun hyvaksikaytto oli merkitsevasti parempi kuin vertailurehulla (taysrehu) tai kasvatusrehu-jyvaruokinnalla. Tulosten perusteella varovainen jyvien lisays rakeiseen alkurehuun voidaan aloittaa jo viikon ikaisille linnuille. Myos kokeessa 2 jyvien syottaminen rakeisen taydennysrehun kanssa vahensi rehunkulutusta ja kasvua, mutta rehuhyotysuhteessa ei ollut merkitsevia eroja. Sen sijaan kokeessa 3 taydennysrehu-jyvaruokinta tuotti vahintaan yhta hyvan tuloksen kuin vertailurehu ja vehnanjyvia kaytettaessa rehun hyvaksikaytto oli jopa parempi kuin muissa ryhmissa. Jokaisessa kokeessa jyvien syottaminen lisasi huomattavasti (50-90 %) tyhjan lihasmahan painoa. Kokeessa 1 broilerien rasvaisuus vaheni merkitsevasti alkurehu-vehnaryhmassa vertailu- ja kasvatusrehu-vehnaryhmaan verrattuna. Tulosten perusteella broilerituotannossakin voidaan kayttaa runsaasti kokojyvaviljaa sopivan rakeisen taydennysrehun kanssa sekoitettuna. Vehnasta voidaan korvata ohralla 30-50 %.
Mitochondrial DNA and palaeontological evidence for the origins of endangered European mink, Mustela lutreola

The European mink Mustela lutreola is one of Europe's most endangered carnivores, with few vulnerable populations remaining. Surprisingly, a recent phylogeny placed a single mink specimen within the polecat (M. putorius, M. eversmannii) group, suggesting a recent speciation and/or the effects of hybridization. The analysis has now been extended to a further 51 mink and polecats. As before, phylogenetic methods failed to resolve the relationships between the species. One haplotype (C11) was found in both species, and predominated in European mink from Spain and eastern Europe. The known M. lutreola fossils are of very young date, so either mink arose recently, or else the situation is confused by hybridization and a biased fossil recovery. The study highlights the dangers of using a single genetic marker in defining Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs). Polecats and European mink are clearly distinct in their morphology and ecology, and should still be considered as separate ESUs, but without further data it is difficult to define Management Units. Following the precautionary principle, we recommend that for the moment European mink in eastern Europe (Belarus, Estonia and Russia) and Spain should be managed separately.
Mating System Variation in a Scots Pine Clonal Seed Orchard

Summary The mating system was investigated in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed orchard consisting of 32 clones, using 10 isozyme loci as genetic markers. The multilocus outcrossing rate calculated for the data pooled over three years of observations was estimated to be 0.987 (0.005). The population multilocus estimates of three consecutive years exhibited a decreasing trend (0.976, 0.966 and 0.962 for the years 1988 to 1990, respectively), but this variation was not significant. Individual outcrossing rates were homogeneous across years for most sampled ramets. Individual tree estimates were heterogeneous across sampled ramets for the pooled data in the years 1988 and 1990 but not for 1989. Individual outcrossing rates were not significantly related to individual pollen production. Although no significant variation of outcrossing rates in time could be detected, estimates of variance effective population size in the three years suggest temporal variation in outcross mating patterns.
Effects of a Fact-finding Survey on General Characteristics of Shell-fishing Work and Farm Work, Musculoskeletal Pain and Depression on Quality of life in Jeju Women Diver

The purpose of this research was to find out the effects on quality of life according to fact-finding characteristics of shell-fishing diving work, farm work, body part-specific musculoskeletal pain and depression of Jeju woman diver (haenyeo) with chronic musculoskeletal disease. Data were 199 haenyeos between 50 and 90 years old residing in S city, Jeju island. dependent variable of multiple regression is Received (May 26, 2015), Review Request(May 27, 2015), Review Result(June 10, 2015) Accepted(July 02, 2015), Published(August 31, 2015) 697-864 Dept. Physical Therapy, Seogwipo Medical Center, Jangsoo 47, Seogwipo, Jeju, Korea email: Kohw0925@hanmail.net (Corresponding Author) 506-706 Dept. Physical Therapy, Nambu University, Chumdan 23, Gwangsangu, Gwangju, Korea email: geriatricpt1@naver.com 697-864 Dept. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Seogwipo Medical Center, Jangsoo 47, Seogwipo, Jeju, Korea email: Emtyangyohan@gmail.com 682-715 Dept. Physical Therapy, Ulsan College, Bongsoo 101, Donggu, Ulsan, Korea email: cykim@uc.ac. kr Effects of a Fact-finding Survey on General Characteristics of Shell-fishing Work and Farm Work, Musculoskeletal Pain and Depression on Quality of life in Jeju Women Diver Copyright c 2015 HSST 236 quality of life, independent variables are general characteristics, shell-fishing diving work characteristics, farm working characteristics, body part-specific musculoskeletal pain, depression. general characteristics showed significant difference in 'educational level', 'living with whom' index from multiple regression analysis. shell-fishing diving work characteristics showed significant difference in 'career of diving', 'medications' index from multiple regression analysis. farm working characteristics showed significant difference in 'type of farming', 'career of farm working' index from multiple regression analysis. 'depression' index also showed significant difference from multiple regression analysis. Based on the data of this research, A systematic controls are needed continuously to improve Quality of life in jeju women divers. Keyword : haenyeo, musculoskeletal pain, depression, quality of life, multiple regression analysis.