Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Double-Blind Randomized Phase 3 Study Comparing Esaxerenone (CS-3150) and Eplerenone in Patients With Essential Hypertension (ESAX-HTN Study).

Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) are implicated in the pathology of hypertension. MR blockers are recommended for the treatment of salt-sensitive or resistant hypertension. However, use of currently available MR blockers is limited by adverse events. This phase 3 multicenter, randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone, a new selective nonsteroidal MR blocker, at 2.5 and 5 mg/day and eplerenone 50 mg/day in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. After a 4-week washout period, 1001 eligible adults with hypertension were randomized evenly to esaxerenone 2.5 or 5 mg/day or eplerenone 50 mg/day treatments, taken orally once daily for 12 weeks. Primary end points were changes in sitting systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP) from baseline at the end of treatment. Esaxerenone 2.5 mg/day was noninferior to eplerenone for reductions in sitting and 24-hour BP. Reductions in BP with esaxerenone 5 mg/day were significantly greater than those with esaxerenone 2.5 mg/day. Changes in diurnal BP showed persistent 24-hour antihypertensive effects in all treatment groups. The proportions of patients achieving target sitting BP (<140/90 mm Hg) were 31.5%, 41.2%, and 27.5% with esaxerenone 2.5 and 5 mg/day and eplerenone 50 mg/day, respectively. Incidences of adverse events (all mild or moderate) were similar across treatment groups. These results indicate that esaxerenone is an effective and well-tolerated MR blocker in Japanese patients with essential hypertension, with BP-lowering activity at least equivalent to eplerenone. Clinical Trial Registration -URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT02890173.
Is Arthroscopic Hip Labral Repair/Reconstruction Surgery Effective for Treating Femoroacetabular Impingement in the Presence of Osteoarthritis?

Objective: To investigate clinical outcomes after arthroscopic labral preservation surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the presence of osteoarthritis (OA) compared with FAI without significant OA. Design: Retrospective case–control study. Setting: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Hospital of Academic Institute. Patients: Femoroacetabular impingement patients (n = 97; ≥35 years) undergoing arthroscopic FAI correction with labral preservation surgery from March 2009 to April 2014 were enrolled in this study. Interventions: Patients were divided into 2 groups: FAI group (79 patients), with Tonnis grade 0 or 1, and FAI + OA group (18 patients), with Tonnis grade 2 or 3. Main Outcome Measures: We examined the clinical outcomes using the Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and the conversion rate to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Results: No significant differences existed between the 2 groups with respect to age, sex, follow-up period, or preoperative MHHS or NAHS. The mean MHHS and NAHS at the final follow-up were significantly lower in the FAI + OA group than in the FAI group. There was a significant difference in the rate of conversion to THA and failure between the 2 groups (THA 5% vs 50%) (failure 15% vs 67%). Conclusion: Patients with FAI in the presence of OA did not improve after arthroscopic labral preservation surgery and had a high conversion rate to THA. Level of Evidence: Level III.
Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Role of Dark Personality Traits

Dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, spitefulness, and sadism) are associated with adverse childhood experiences and deviant online behaviors. However, their mediating role between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying has never previously been investigated. We examined direct and indirect associations of childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying via dark personality traits among 772 participants. Men were better characterized by dark personality traits and were more likely to engage in cyberbullying than women, and there were no sex differences in childhood emotional abuse. Collectively, dark traits fully mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying in men, with partial mediation in the total sample and women. More specifically, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were mediators in both samples, sadism was a mediator in men and the total sample, and psychopathy was a mediator in the total sample and women. The dark personality traits can account for the association between childhood emotional abuse and cyberbullying, especially among men.
Psoralidin inhibits the proliferation of human liver cancer cells by triggering cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.

PURPOSE Liver cancer is a lethal malignancy with high mortality. Approximately 0.56 million new cases of liver cancer are reported annually. The adverse effects of currently available inefficient chemotherapy remarkably obstruct the treatment of liver cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate the anticancer effects of a natural coumarin, Psoralidin, in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The liver HepG2 cancer cell line was used in this study. The MTT cell viability assay was used for the determination of the proliferation rate. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. DAPI was used for detection of apoptosis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed for the demonstration of autophagy. Protein expression was estimated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Psoralidin decreased the viability of the liver cancer HepG2 cells and exhibited an IC50 of 9 µM. Also, Psoralidin exerted very low toxic effects on the normal AML12 hepatocytes exhibiting an IC50 of 100 µM. Flow cytometry showed that Psoralidin triggered G2/M cell cycle arrest of the HepG2 cancer cells. DAPI staining revealed that Psoralidin triggered apoptotic cell death of HepG2 cells which was accompanied with activation of caspases 3 and 9, upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. Additionally, Psoralidin prompted autophagy in the HepG2 cells as revealed by TEM. The Psoralidin-induced autophagy led to upregulation of LC3 II and Beclin-1 expression. Investigation of the in vivo anticancer potential of Psoralidin revealed that this molecule could suppress the growth of xenografted tumors in vivo. CONCLUSION Psoralidin may prove essential in the development of systemic therapy for liver cancer.
Efficacy of Vestibular Rehabilitation Following Acute Vestibular Neuritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a vestibular rehabilitation program started early after diagnosis of vestibular neuritis combined with standard care reduces dizziness and improves functions of daily life more effectively than standard care alone in patients with acute vestibular neuritis. STUDY DESIGN Non-blinded, randomized controlled trial with 2 parallel groups. SETTING Specialist centers in 2 university hospitals. PATIENTS Patients, 18-70 years, with acute vestibular neuritis confirmed by videonystagmography. INTERVENTION Standard care was 10 days of prednisolone, general information, and counseling given to all patients. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received supervised exercise therapy (vestibular rehabilitation). Vestibular rehabilitation was given in a group format, individually tailored, and supported by home exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Perceived dizziness during head motion. Secondary outcomes were walking speed, standing balance, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Vertigo Symptom Scale, Visual Analog Scales (VASs), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), The University of California Los Angeles Dizziness Questionnaire. RESULTS Sixty-five patients were included, 27 participated in the vestibular rehabilitation group. There was a statistically significant difference in favor of the vestibular rehabilitation group in overall perceived dizziness at 3 (p = 0.007) and 12 months (p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in standing balance and walking speed. Results from self-report measures showed a statistically significant difference at 12 months in HADS (p = 0.039), DHI (p = 0.049) and VAS-C (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION A vestibular rehabilitation program started early after confirmed vestibular neuritis diagnosis in addition to standard care reduces the perception of dizziness and improves functions of daily life more effectively than standard care alone.
IMPORT OPENNESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH? CROSS- SECTIONAL EVIDENCE FROM OECD

This paper has tested the relationship between import openness and economic growth for OECD economies. The endogeneity of import openness is addressed by instrumentation strategy based on geographical characteristics. Results show that both actual import openness and also instrumented import openness are significantly correlated with economic growth. Labour force and financial development are also positively and significantly related with per capita GDP. Further results show that population density and investment are statistically insignificant.
The relationship of chronic rhinosinusitis and depression.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to identify and describe the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and comorbid depression, including the patient factors that may increase the risk of depression. The impact of comorbid depression on quality of life, response to treatment and healthcare utilization will also be assessed. RECENT FINDINGS CRS is associated with a significantly increased prevalence of depression, where 9-26% of patients with CRS will have physician-diagnosed depression. An additional 40% will have undiagnosed depression that can be identified through screening tools. Patients without polyps are more likely to experience comorbid depression, as are patients with significant sleep dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, and pain. CRS symptoms do improve with medical and surgical therapy in depressed patients, though baseline and posttreatment scores are worse. A similar degree of benefit from therapy is seen in both depressed and nondepressed patients. CRS treatment does seem to improve depression, whereas the effect of depression specific therapy is unknown. Depressed patients have a significantly larger economic burden because of their increased healthcare utilization and productivity losses. SUMMARY Depression is a highly prevalent and impactful comorbidity in patients with CRS. Increased awareness of this relationship may improve patients' overall quality of care.
Ulinastatin Reduces the Severity of Intestinal Damage in the Neonatal Rat Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Background Ulinastatin is a protease inhibitor derived from urine that has shown anti-inflammatory effects in human disease, including in sepsis. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common gastrointestinal disease in premature infants. Our aim was to explore the effects of ulinastatin on a neonatal NEC rat model. Material/Methods Forty-five neonatal rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control; NEC+sepsis-induced kidney injury (SIRS); NEC/SIRS+ulinastatin. The NEC/SIRS model was induced by injection of intraperitoneal saline, enteral formula feeding, hypoxia-hyperoxide, and cold stress exposure. The NEC/SIRS neonatal rats were perfused with ulinastatin at a dose of 10 000 u/kg/day. Giemsa staining and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were performed to evaluate the severity of intestinal damage. To assess intestinal cell apoptosis, we examined the expression of caspase-3 by TUNEL staining and western blot analysis. Intestinal levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were examined using ELISA assay. Results Rats in the NEC treated with ulinastatin group had better physiological status and histological score compared to the NEC/SIRS group. Ulinastatin reduced NEC-induced weight loss. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology analyses showed that rats in the NEC treated with ulinastatin group had lower severity of intestinal damage compared to the NEC/SIRS group. TUNEL staining and caspase-3 expression detection results revealed that ulinastatin significantly inhibited intestinal cell apoptosis of NEC. Furthermore, ulinastatin decreased the intestinal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in NEC. Conclusions Ulinastatin could ameliorate the severity of intestinal damage in NEC and possess anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects.
Endometrial thickness and IVF cycle outcomes: a meta-analysis.

RESEARCH QUESTION In this meta-analysis, the association between endometrial thickness (EMT) and cycle outcomes after IVF is explored. Associations between EMT and cycle outcomes according to study and individual characteristics were also assessed. DESIGN Studies evaluating associations between EMT and pregnancy, implantation, miscarriage, live birth or ongoing pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy rates in individuals after IVF were identified on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library (from their inception up to December 2018). Pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, calculated using the random-effects model, were used. RESULTS Nine prospective and 21 retrospective studies, including a total of 88,056 cycles, were retrieved. The summary odds ratios indicated that women with lower EMT were associated with lower pregnancy rates than those with higher EMT (n = 30, OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.70; P < 0.001). Moreover, the implantation rate in women with lower EMT was significantly reduced (n = 9, OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.74; P = 0.001). Furthermore, no significant association was found between EMT and the miscarriage rate (n = 12). In addition, women with lower EMT were associated with reduced live birth or ongoing pregnancy rate (11 studies, OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.73; P < 0.001). Finally, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy rate between lower and higher EMT showed no statistically significant association (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Lower EMT was associated with lower pregnancy, implantation and live birth or ongoing pregnancy rates.
Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations in normotensive children: implications for the interpretation of results.

OBJECTIVES To identify associations among the plasma renin concentration (PRC), plasma aldosterone and urinary sodium (Na)/potassium (K) ratio, and to integrate these variables into a nomogram with the aim of estimating the expected versus observed aldosterone concentration. METHODS We studied 40 healthy normotensive children (5-8 years old, 57.5% girls) who were born at term and were adequate for their gestational age. Following overnight fasting, the PRC and plasma aldosterone in blood samples were measured, and the Na/K ratio was calculated from a simultaneously obtained urinary spot sample. A mathematical function was defined with these three variables, and a nomogram was built that would return the expected aldosterone concentration from the obtained plasma renin and urinary Na/K ratio values. RESULTS The PRC (B = 5.9, P < 0.001) and urinary Na/K ratio (B = -98.1, P = 0.003) were significant independent predictors of plasma aldosterone. The correlation between the observed plasma aldosterone and the expected plasma aldosterone, as obtained from the nomogram, was r = 0.88, P < 0.001. The average difference between the observed and expected plasma aldosterone was -0.89, with a standard deviation of ±30%. CONCLUSION The strong correlation between the urinary Na/K ratio, from urine samples taken at the same as the blood samples, and plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations allowed us to build a nomogram to predict aldosterone levels. This approach may be useful for evaluating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in pediatric patients with hypertension and RAAS dysfunction.
p-Hacking and publication bias interact to distort meta-analytic effect size estimates.

Science depends on trustworthy evidence. Thus, a biased scientific record is of questionable value because it impedes scientific progress, and the public receives advice on the basis of unreliable evidence that has the potential to have far-reaching detrimental consequences. Meta-analysis is a technique that can be used to summarize research evidence. However, meta-analytic effect size estimates may themselves be biased, threatening the validity and usefulness of meta-analyses to promote scientific progress. Here, we offer a large-scale simulation study to elucidate how p-hacking and publication bias distort meta-analytic effect size estimates under a broad array of circumstances that reflect the reality that exists across a variety of research areas. The results revealed that, first, very high levels of publication bias can severely distort the cumulative evidence. Second, p-hacking and publication bias interact: At relatively high and low levels of publication bias, p-hacking does comparatively little harm, but at medium levels of publication bias, p-hacking can considerably contribute to bias, especially when the true effects are very small or are approaching zero. Third, p-hacking can severely increase the rate of false positives. A key implication is that, in addition to preventing p-hacking, policies in research institutions, funding agencies, and scientific journals need to make the prevention of publication bias a top priority to ensure a trustworthy base of evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
How Online Reviews and Services Affect Physician Outpatient Visits: Content Analysis of Evidence From Two Online Health Care Communities

Background Online healthcare communities are changing the ways of physician-patient communication and how patients choose outpatient care physicians. Although a majority of empirical work has examined the role of online reviews in consumer decisions, less research has been done in health care, and endogeneity of online reviews has not been fully considered. Moreover, the important factor of physician online services has been neglected in patient decisions. Objective In this paper, we addressed the endogeneity of online reviews and examined the impact of online reviews and services on outpatient visits based on theories of reviews and channel effects. Methods We used a difference-in-difference approach to account for physician- and website-specific effects by collecting information from 474 physician homepages on two online health care communities. Results We found that the number of reviews was more effective in influencing patient decisions compared with the overall review rating. An improvement in reviews leads to a relative increase in physician outpatient visits on that website. There are channel effects in health care: online services complement offline services (outpatient care appointments). Results further indicate that online services moderate the relationship between online reviews and physician outpatient visits. Conclusions This study investigated the effect of reviews and channel effects in health care by conducting a difference-in-difference analysis on two online health care communities. Our findings provide basic research on online health care communities.
Reserve in Alzheimer's disease: update on the concept, functional mechanisms and sex differences.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiological evidence suggests that higher reserve significantly delays the dementia onset in Alzheimer's disease. Yet, confusion in terminology of reserve and related concepts exists and the lack of quantitative measures and unclear neural substrates of reserve have hampered progress. We review here the latest advances in the concept, measures and functional brain mechanisms of reserve, as well as their moderating factors including sex and gender. RECENT FINDINGS The definition of reserve has been revised towards a more simplified concept, and the development of quantitative measurements of a cognitive advantage in disease has been advanced. Functional MRI and FDG-PET studies have provided for the first time converging evidence for the involvement of the cognitive control and salience network and temporal pole in reserve. Women tend to show lower resilience than men at advanced stages of AD. SUMMARY Neuroimaging studies have provided substantial evidence for putative brain mechanisms supporting reserve in Alzheimer's disease. However, the findings are still somewhat disparate and call for the development of unifying and testable theory of functional and structural brain properties that subserve reserve. Sex differences emerged as a moderating factor of reserve in Alzheimer's disease and need to be made a major research focus in Alzheimer's disease.
Histological characterization of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenomas with different somatic mutations.

CONTEXT Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenomas (APAs) are mainly composed of clear (lipid rich) and compact (eosinophilic) tumor cells. The detailed association between these histological features and somatic mutations (KCNJ5, ATP1A1, ATP2B3 and CACNA1D) in APAs is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between histological features and individual genotypes in APAs. METHODS Examination of 39 APAs subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing (11 KCNJ5, 10 ATP1A1, 10 ATP2B3, and 8 CACNA1D) and quantitative morphological and immunohistochemical (CYP11B2 and CYP17A1) analyses using digital imaging software. RESULTS KCNJ5- and ATP2B3-mutated APAs had clear cell dominant features [KCNJ5: clear 59.8% (54.4%-64.6 %) vs. compact 40.2% (35.4%-45.6 %), P=0.0022; ATP2B3: clear 54.3% (48.2%-62.4 %) vs. compact 45.7% (37.6%-51.8 %), P=0.0696]. ATP1A1- and CACNA1D-mutated APAs presented with marked intratumoral heterogeneity. A significantly positive correlation of immunoreactivity was detected between CYP11B2 and CYP17A1 in tumor cells of KCNJ5-mutated APAs (P=0.0112; ρ=0.7237) , in contrast, significantly inverse correlation was detected in ATP1A1-mutated APAs (P=0.0025; ρ=-0.8667). CONCLUSION KCNJ5-mutated APAs, co-expressing CYP11B2 and CYP17A1, were more deviated in terms of zonation-specific differentiation of adrenocortical cells compared with ATP1A1- and ATP2B3- mutated APAs.
Latest developments on topical therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Topical therapies play an important role in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A detailed literature review was undertaken to appraise recent evidence surrounding current topical therapies and novel treatments used in the setting of recalcitrant CRS. RECENT FINDINGS Effective sinus surgery aids in the delivery of topical therapies. Budesonide nasal rinses delivered by saline irrigation offer clinical and symptomatic improvements pre and postoperatively with a well-proven safety profile. Topical steroids may additionally offer direct antibacterial effects as per in-vitro testing. Topical antibiotics are not recommended in routine practice; however, they may be of benefit for short-term eradication therapy. Novel treatments are under keen investigation and include bacteriophage, colloidal silver and manuka honey. The evidence base for these treatments is not robust enough to recommend their routine use at present. SUMMARY Topical steroids delivered in conjunction with saline nasal irrigation offer the best combination of treatments in CRS and should be considered a standard of care. Wide surgical access and aggressive surgical debridement of polyposis facilitates the delivery of steroid irrigations to sinonasal mucosa and is associated with improved long-term outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery. The use of novel treatments remains within the research setting alone.