Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What and when to debrief: a scoping review examining interprofessional clinical debriefing

Introduction Clinical debriefing (CD) improves teamwork and patient care. It is implemented across a range of clinical contexts, but delivery and structure are variable. Furthermore, terminology to describe CD is also inconsistent and often ambiguous. This variability and the lack of clear terminology obstructs understanding and normalisation in practice. This review seeks to examine the contextual factors relating to different CD approaches with the aim to differentiate them to align with the needs of different clinical contexts. Methods Articles describing CD were extracted from Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, PubMed, PsychINFO and Academic Search Complete. Empirical studies describing CD that involved two or more professions were eligible for inclusion. Included papers were charted and analysed using the Who-What-When-Where-Why-How model to examine contextual factors which were then used to develop categories of CD. Factors relating to what prompted debriefing and when debriefing occurred were used to differentiate CD approaches. Results Forty-six papers were identified. CD was identified as either prompted or routine, and within these overarching categories debriefing was further differentiated by the timing of the debrief. Prompted CD was either immediate or delayed and routine CD was postoperative or end of shift. Some contextual factors were unique to each category while others were relatively heterogeneous. These categories help clarify the alignment between the context and the intention of CD. Conclusions The proposed categories offer a practical way to examine and discuss CD which may inform decisions about implementation. By differentiating CD according to relevant contextual factors, these categories may reduce confusion which currently hinders discourse and implementation. The findings from this review promote context-specific language and a shift away from conceptions of CD that embody a one-size-fits-all approach.
Social isolation, loneliness and subsequent risk of major adverse cardiovascular events among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more vulnerable to social disconnection compared with the general population; however, there are few relevant studies investigating this issue. Aims To investigate whether social isolation or loneliness may be associated with subsequent risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events, whether these associations vary according to fatal and non-fatal outcomes and how behavioural, psychological and physiological factors mediate these associations. Methods This longitudinal analysis included data from 19 360 individuals with T2DM at baseline (2006–2010) from the UK Biobank. Social isolation and loneliness were measured using self-report questionnaires. The study outcomes included the first events of myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke (n=2273) and all-cause (n=2820) or cardiovascular disease-related mortality through linked hospital data or death registries. Results Over a median follow-up of 12.4 years (interquartile range (IQR): 11.6–13.3 years), participants who were more socially isolated (most social isolation vs least social isolation) experienced increased risks for all-cause (hazard ratio (HR) : 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19 to 1.47) and cardiovascular disease (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.59) mortality but not first MI or stroke. Loneliness (yes vs no) was associated with a greater risk for a composite of incident MI or stroke (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.57) but not mortality. Social isolation was associated with fatal MI and stroke, whereas loneliness was associated with non-fatal MI and stroke. The significant associations of social isolation and loneliness with outcomes were mainly mediated by behavioural factors (mediating proportion: 17.8%–28.2% and 17.6%–17.8%, respectively). Conclusions Among individuals with T2DM, social isolation and loneliness are associated with a greater risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events, with differences in both risks stratified according to fatal and non-fatal events and underlying mediating factors.
Sensorimotor Impairment in Ageing and Neurocognitive Disorders: Beat Synchronisation and Adaptation to Tempo Changes

Background Understanding the nature and extent of sensorimotor decline in ageing individuals and those with neurocognitive disorders NCD, such as Alzheimer’s disease, is essential for designing effective music-based interventions. Objective Our understanding of rhythmic functions remains incomplete, particularly in how ageing and NCD affect sensorimotor synchronisation and adaptation to tempo changes. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. Methods Patients from a memory clinic participated in a tapping task, synchronising with metronomic and musical sequences, some of which contained sudden tempo changes. After exclusions, 51 patients were included in the final analysis. Results Participants’ mini-mental state examination scores were associated with tapping consistency. Additionally, age negatively influenced consistency when synchronising with a musical beat, whereas consistency remained stable across age when tapping with a metronome. Conclusions The ability to extract a beat from a musical signal diminishes with age, whereas the capacity to maintain a beat remains relatively constant. However, both processes may decline at moderate or severe stages of NCD. Moreover, the results indicate that the initial decline of attention and working memory with age may impact perception and synchronisation to a musical beat, whereas progressive NCD-related cognitive decline results in more widespread sensorimotor decline, affecting tapping irrespective of audio type. These findings underline the importance of customising rhythm-based interventions to the needs of older adults and individuals with NCD, taking into consideration their cognitive as well as their rhythmic aptitudes. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04146688).
Interpretable Deep Learning for Breast Cancer Cell Phenotyping Using Diffraction Images from Lens-Free Digital In-Line Holography

Lens-free digital in-line holography (LDIH) offers a wide field of view at micrometer-scale resolution, surpassing the capabilities of lens-based microscopes, making it a promising diagnostic tool for high-throughput cellular analysis. However, the complex nature of holograms renders them challenging for human interpretation, necessitating time- consuming computational processing to reconstruct object images. To address this, we present HoloNet, a novel deep learning architecture specifically designed for direct analysis of holographic images from LDIH in cellular phenotyping. HoloNet extracts both global features from diffraction patterns and local features from convolutional layers, achieving superior performance and interpretability compared to other deep learning methods. By leveraging raw holograms of breast cancer cells stained with well-known markers ER/PR and HER2, HoloNet demonstrates its effectiveness in classifying breast cancer cell types and quantifying molecular marker intensities. Furthermore, we introduce the feature-fusion HoloNet model, which extracts diffraction features associated with breast cancer cell types and their marker intensities. This hologram embedding approach allows for the identification of previously unknown subtypes of breast cancer cells, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of cell phenotype heterogeneity, leading to precise breast cancer diagnosis.
Investigating the Relationships among Students' Motivational Beliefs, Behavioural Engagement and Problem-solving Ability in STEM Education

Problem solving ability is one of the essential skills for students in the 21st century, thus it is necessary to explore the factors that influence students' problem solving ability. This study explored the predictive role of students' STEM self-efficacy, STEM perceived task value and STEM behavioural engagement on problem solving ability based on Expectancy Value theory and the 3P model. 515 secondary school students from China were involved in this survey. The results showed that both students' STEM self-efficacy and STEM perceived task value predicted students' problem solving ability positively; students' STEM behavioural engagement mediated the relationship between students' STEM perceived task value and problem solving ability. Therefore, it was suggested to enhance students' self-efficacy, post them valuable task and provide more opportunities for practice in STEM education to develop problem solving ability. Finally, the limitations and the future research directions were discussed.
Increase in the quality of methodological documentation of cross-national pan-European multi-wave surveys over the last 40 years – a research note

ABSTRACT Social research methodologists have postulated that the transparency of survey procedures and data processing is mandatory for assessing the Total Survey Error. Recent analyses of data from cross-national surveys have demonstrated an increase in the quality of documentation reports over time and significant differences in documentation quality between the projects. This research note replicates previous results with an extended set of documentation-related quality indicators describing the degree of completeness of information at the consecutive steps of the survey cycle. It also extends earlier findings by indicating no significant relationship between the quality of the survey documentation and the quality of the survey itself. We analysed a meta-data set of survey characteristics, studying all available up-to-date methodological reports of 1,145 national surveys from four large-scale multi-wave projects: the European Quality of Life Survey (2003–2016), European Social Survey (2002–2018), European Values Study (1981–2017), and International Social Survey Programme (1985–2018).
Factors Influencing the Social Help-Seeking Behavior of Introductory Programming Students in a Competitive University Environment

Collaboration is an important aspect of computing. In a classroom setting, working with others can increase a student’s motivation to attempt more challenges, reduce the difficulty of complicated concepts, and bring about greater overall success. Despite extensive research in other domains, there has been minimal exploration within computing on what impacts a student’s decision to seek social assistance in highly competitive university environments. To understand what affects introductory programming students’ social help-seeking behavior in this context, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with students and performed thematic analysis and qualitative coding on the ensuing transcripts. Our qualitative analysis revealed 18 significant factors. We noticed that the decision to seek social help involved a two-fold process; first, the decision to engage in social help-seeking and subsequently, the decision of who to ask for help. Furthermore, we found that help-seeking in computing is not fundamentally different from other disciplines, although some of the factors were unique to the topic of computing and the specific environment of this study. Factors related to communication style, the type of question being asked, and the school’s cheating policy were central when discussing code, an integral part of computing. Regarding the environment, students repeatedly reported that the competitive major, the explicit and implicit class standards, and feelings of intimidation, among others, influenced them. These findings suggest that understanding both steps and the sociocultural context is important in order to effectively lower the barriers to asking for help.
TreatmentMarginal Sinus: Diagnosis and Endovascular Pulsatile Tinnitus Due to Stenosis of the

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Venous pulsatile tinnitus is a disabling condition mainly caused by a stenosis of the lateral sinus. Here, we aimed to report a novel cause of venous pulsatile tinnitus, stenosis of the marginal sinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with isolated venous pulsatile tinnitus for which the suspected cause was a stenosis of the marginal sinus, treated or not, between January 2017 and December 2020. Patient charts and imaging were systematically reviewed. All patients underwent noncontrast temporal bone CT and MR imaging. RESULTS: Eight patients (7 women; median age, 36years) were included. Six patients (75%) were overweight, and 1 patient had idiopathic intracranial hypertension. All patients presented with a typical venous pulsatile tinnitus. The stenosis of the marginal sinus was detected using oblique reconstructions on postcontrast 3D MR imaging. There was no other pathologic ﬁ nding except ipsilateral stenosis of the lateral sinus in 3 patients. Four patients underwent endovascular therapy with placement of a stent in the marginal sinus, leading to complete resolution of the pulsatile tinnitus for all of them. No complication occurred. Of note, the symptoms of intracranial hypertension also regressed after stent placement in that patient. CONCLUSIONS: Marginal sinus stenosis is a novel cause of venous pulsatile tinnitus, which can be easily detected on MR imaging. Marginal sinus stent placement is safe and ef ﬁ cient. We hypothesized that the marginal sinus stenosis pathophysiology is similar to that of lateral sinus stenosis, which is a common and well-known cause of venous pulsatile tinnitus, explaining the similar clinical presentation and endovascular management.
Development and validation of the paediatric cancer coping scale.

AIM The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the paediatric cancer coping scale in children with cancer. BACKGROUND Coping is a mediator between stressful events and adaptation. However, existing tools cannot be used to assess and understand coping strategies in children with cancer in Taiwan. METHODS A total of 229 children with cancer were recruited from three medical centres in Taiwan in 2008-2009. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were estimated by Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient respectively. The factor structure was determined by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to test the convergent and discriminate validity. RESULTS The paediatric cancer coping scale demonstrated internal consistency (α = 0·91) and a 2-week test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0·86). Its construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis, which extracted and defined three categories of coping strategies: cognitive coping, problem-oriented coping and defensive coping; these three factors explained 40% of the total variance with factor loadings ranging from 0·31 to 0·71. Convergent and discriminate validities were demonstrated by significant correlations among the coping, resilience and anxiety subscales. CONCLUSIONS The paediatric cancer coping scale is a reliable and valid scale to measure and examine coping strategies in children with cancer.
Hydrocarbon accumulation in strike-slip fault restraining bends: New insights into the tectonic controls on the Penglai 19-3 and Penglai 25-6 oil fields, Tan-Lu fault zone, east China

As the largest active strike-slip fault zone of east Asia, the Tan-Lu fault zone is the most significant tectonic feature controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation in Bohai Bay. The Penglai 19-3 and Penglai 25-6 fields are the most typical examples among the fields found in the Tan-Lu fault zone. The structures related to the two fields are fault restraining bends produced by dextral strike-slip movement on faults within the Tan-Lu fault zone. The structures initiated at the late depositional stage of the third member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (ca. 40 Ma) after the deposition of the main source rocks of the basin. They then experienced a main development stage during deposition of the second and first members of the Eocene Shahejie Formation and the Oligocene Dongying Formation (40–25 Ma). During the Neogene, the structures continued to be enhanced slightly because of continued strike-slip until the early to middle Pleistocene. These structures were characterized by the absence of the preponderance of the reverse separations on faults and might represent the restraining bends in a divergent wrench deformation zone. This study shows that restraining bend structures along intrabasinal strike-slip systems formed after the deposition of the source rocks are very favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation.
Influence of Health Information Literacy on Health-related Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Patients in Lagos State, Nigeria

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a deadly disease that commonly has an adverse impact on patients’ health-related quality of life across multiple health domains. Meanwhile, health information literacy may help to alleviate or reduce the negative impact while improving treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine the influence of health information literacy on health-related quality of life of tuberculosis patients in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: This study adopted the survey design. A sample size of 310 was obtained using Taro Yamane formula. Multistage sampling technique was used to select TB patients from twelve Directly Observed Treatment Centers across the three senatorial districts in the State. Data were collected using validated health literacy and health-related quality of life questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 35.87 years±11.95. The results revealed that health information literacy ( t (295)=8.513, P<0.05) had a positive and significant influence on health-related quality of life. The results also showed that the ability to identify specific information need (β<0.171, P<0.05) and use information (β<0.154, P<0.05) had a positive and significant effect on health-related quality of life of tuberculosis patients. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that health information literacy influence health-related quality of life of tuberculosis patients.
Role of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases

Abstract An extensive body of experimental and clinical evidence documents the negative impact of chronic psychological stress and depression on the immune system and health. Chronic stress and depression can result in general dysregulation of the immune system, of both cellular and humoral pathways, which may contribute to pathogenic infection and concomitant periodontal tissue destruction. In general, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that stress can modify the host defense and progression of periodontal infections in patients susceptible to periodontitis. However, substantial evidence also indicates that these conditions can mediate risk for disease, including periodontitis, through changes in health‐related behaviors, such as oral hygiene, smoking and diet. The unequivocal interpretation of studies has also been hampered, in part, by issues related to conceptualization of stress and depression, as well as commonly associated comorbidities, such as diabetes, that can modify the onset and progression of periodontal disease. In addition, stress and depression appear to fall into a spectrum, ranging from mild to severe, involving a complex interaction of genetic background, coping strategies and environment. Differences in the conceptualization of stress and depression are probably important in assessing associations with other biologic and clinical measures. Future studies are necessary to clarify the complex interactions of chronic stress and depression in periodontal diseases.
A general framework for integrating environmental time series into stock assessment models: model description, simulation testing, and example

We present a method to integrate environmental time series into stock assessment models and to test the significance of correlations between population processes and the environmental time series. Parameters that relate the environmental time series to population processes are included in the stock assessment model, and likelihood ratio tests are used to determine if the parameters improve the fit to the data significantly. Two approaches are considered to integrate the environmental relationship. In the environmental model, the population dynamics process (e.g. recruitment) is proportional to the environmental variable, whereas in the environmental model with process error it is proportional to the environmental variable, but the model allows an additional temporal variation (process error) constrained by a log-normal distribution. The methods are tested by using simulation analysis and compared to the traditional method of correlating model estimates with environmental variables outside the estimation procedure. In the traditional method, the estimates of recruitment were provided by a model that allowed the recruitment only to have a temporal variation constrained by a log-normal distribution. We illustrate the methods by applying them to test the statistical significance of the correlation between sea-surface temperature (SST) and recruitment to the snapper (Pagrus auratus) stock in the Hauraki Gulf–Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Simulation analyses indicated that the integrated approach with additional process error is superior to the traditional method of correlating model estimates with environmental variables outside the estimation procedure. The results suggest that, for the snapper stock, recruitment is positively correlated with SST at the time of spawning.
Using Prediction, Clustering, and Diagnostic Models to Improve Teamwork in First-Year Engineering Courses

Team-based learning (TBL) is common in engineering courses, especially in introductory courses and senior design projects. Even though TBL provides students with benefits, not all students are able to benefit equally from the TBL methodology. Coming from vastly different backgrounds (academically and non-academically), students of a team may have different perspectives, aspirations, or personalities. This paper talks about the different models created to predict team performance, clustering students based on their characteristics, and explaining the relationship between the students’ latent traits and their characteristics. The dataset that is used in this paper includes student personality inputs, self-and-peer-assessments of teamwork, and perceptions of teamwork outcomes. The data is available via Tandem, a team-support tool developed by the Center for Academic Innovation at the University of Michigan. Using this information, we developed several Bayesian models to predict if a team is working well, several clustering models with the aim of finding ways to group students into teams more effectively, and a few algorithms to predict Q-matrices which are crucial in explaining the relationship between latent traits and students’ characteristics in cognitive diagnostic models. These models are able to help faculty members and instructors to gain insights into finding ways to separate students into teams more effectively so that students have a positive team-based learning experience.