Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desnutrição protéica fetal/neonatal, ação da insulina e homeostase glicêmica na vida adulta: efeitos do jejum e do exercício agudo

O presente estudo foi delineado para avaliar os efeitos imediatos e tardios da restricao proteica durante a vida fetal e neonatal sobre a acao periferica da insulina em ratos. Ratas gravidas da linhagem Wistar foram alimentadas, durante a gravidez e a lactacao, com dietas isocaloricas hipoproteica (6% de proteina) e normoproteica (17% de proteina), servidas a vontade. As crias foram desmamadas aos 21 dias e os machos foram separados e alimentados com dieta contendo 17% de proteina ate a idade adulta (90 dias). As avaliacoes ocorreram ao desmame (21 dias) e aos 90 dias. Ao desmame, os animais hipoproteicos apresentaram peso corporal, teores sericos de glicose e de insulina, significativamente menores em relacao aos normoproteicos. Os valores de Kitt (taxa de remocao de glicose) foram significantemente superiores nos animais hipoproteicos em relacao aos normoproteicos. A captacao e oxidacao de glicose pelo musculo soleo isolado nao foram diferentes entre os animais dos dois grupos. Na idade adulta, os teores sericos de glicose, insulina, proteinas, albumina e acidos graxos livres, os lipidios do figado em condicoes basais e os valores de Kitt foram semelhantes nos animais de ambos os grupos, assim como a captacao e a oxidacao muscular de glicose pelo musculo soleo isolado. Por outro lado, quando submetidos aos estresses de jejum de 48 horas e de exercicio agudo, os animais hipo/normoproteicos reduziram a captacao e oxidacao de glicose, fato este nao observado entre os normoproteicos. Esses resultados sugerem que o metabolismo glicidico esteja restabelecido apos a realimentacao na ausencia de fatores estressantes. Contudo, a incapacidade em responder adequadamente a diferentes estresses pode levar a intolerância a glicose.
Survival of migrating sea trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts negotiating weirs in small Danish rivers

– The survival of brown trout and Atlantic salmon smolts during passage over small weirs was estimated in two small Danish rivers during the spring of 1998. Parallel groups of smolts were released upstream and downstream of the weirs and recaptured in traps further downstream. The results showed a smolt loss varying from 18 to 71% for trout and 53% for salmon. Furthermore, the surviving smolts from the upstream groups were delayed for up to 9 days compared to downstream groups. The study demonstrated that an increased proportion of total river discharge allocated to fish passage increased the smolt survival. Losses may be because of fish penetrating grids erected at fish farm inlets, predation and delays, which may lead to desmoltification. The low survival may seriously threat both the long-term viability of wild populations of anadromous salmonids and the outcome of the intensive stocking programme in Denmark.
Plasma-Cortisol and Osmoregulatory Changes in Sockeye-Salmon Transferred to Sea-Water - Comparison Between Successful and Unsuccessful Adaptation

Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activities, haematocrits, condition factors, plasma osmolarities, cortisol, chloride and sodium concentrations were measured in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) transferred rapidly from fresh water to sea water. Comparisons were made between salmon that successfully adapted to sea water and salmon that failed to adapt. In salmon that successfully adapted to sea water there was a brief but large fluctuation in cortisol, and plasma ionic concentrations rose initially but were regulated after 24–48 h. In salmon that failed to adapt to sea water, cortisol remained elevated, haematocrit increased, plasma ionic concentrations were not regulated and the salmon became severely dehydrated and eventually died. The results are discussed with respect to physiological stress and seawater adaptation.
Avaliação dos componentes de produção da mamoneira em função de doses de calcário e fósforo

Os solos do brejo paraibano, em geral, sao acidos e com baixos niveis de fosforo disponivel, limitando seriamente o rendimento das plantas. Foi conduzida uma pesquisa em casa de vegetacao, com o objetivo de avaliar doses de calcario e fosforo na cultura da mamona. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco niveis de fosforo: 0,0; 80; 160; 240 e 360 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e quatro doses de calcario: 0,0; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 t ha-1 em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com esquema fatorial 4 x 3 (quatro niveis de fosforo e tres doses de calcario) mais dois tratamentos adicionais zero de fosforo (0,0 P2O5: 2,5 t ha-1 de calcario) e zero de calcario (240 P2O5: 0,0 t ha-1 de calcario), com tres repeticoes. O calcario reduziu a acidez do solo e nao se verificou efeito da aplicacao do fosforo (≥ 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5) na presenca da calagem (≥ 2,5 t ha-1 de CaCO3) bem com do calcario (≥ 2,5 t ha-1 de CaCO3) na presenca do fosforo (≥ 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5). O fosforo aplicado na ausencia do calcario foi mais limitante ao rendimento da cultura do que o calcario na ausencia do fosforo.
Nutrient resorption of wetland graminoids is related to the type of nutrient limitation

Summary 1 Nitrogen or phosphorus limits plant growth in many wetlands. If specific mechanisms reducing losses of the growth-limiting nutrient have been favoured by selection, the N and P resorption efficiency (RE) during leaf senescence (NRE, PRE: the fraction of N or P resorbed) might depend on the type of nutrient limitation. 2 The size, mass, and N and P concentrations of green and senesced leaves were determined for 10 graminoid species at Dutch and Swiss wetland sites, with N : P ratios in leaves (6–27 by mass) indicating N or P limitation. 3 During senescence, leaf area decreased by 8–19%, and leaf mass by 8–38%; NRE ranged from 0 to 87%, and PRE from 30 to 96%. PRE correlated strongly with NRE (r = 0·91) but was, on average, 17% higher. Within the Swiss or Dutch sites, NRE and PRE did not correlate with foliar N : P ratios, indicating that RE was not directly adjusted to the type of nutrient limitation. 4 NRE and PRE were, on average, higher at the P-limited Swiss sites than at the N-limited Dutch sites. Because PRE exceeded NRE, high RE would be most beneficial when P limits plant growth. This may have contributed to the dominance of graminoids with high RE in P-limited wetlands.
Effect of Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acids Profile of Orange Fin Pony Fish ( Leiognathus bindus ) and Sulphur Goatfishes ( Upeneus sulphureus )

In this study, the fatty acids composition and the related health lipid indices (IA, atherogenic and IT thrombogenic) of Orange fin pony fish ( Leiognathus bindus ) and sulphur goatfishes ( Upeneus sulphureus ) were studied in different season in Mahshahr port in south of Iran. Fatty acids were analyzed by Gas Chromatograph (FID). The fatty acid composition of L. bindus and U. sulphureus showed a relevant proportion (26.95% and 25.34% respectively) of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with a prevalence of the n – 3 series. The IA and IT indices resulted comparable in Spring and Fall. The ratio of W3/W6 was different in Fall and Spring for both species.
Variación en la diversidad malacológica del mesolitoral rocoso en playa Troncones, La Unión, Guerrero, México

THIS WORK INTRODUCES A SPECIES INVENTORY GIVING THE DOMINANT SPECIES THEIR FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE, THEIR DIVERSITY AS WELL AS THE SPECIES” ACCUMULATED RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE MOLLUSKS AT PLAYA TRONCONES IN GUERRERO STATE, MEXICO. IT ALSO ANALYZES CHANGES IN MOLLUSK DENSITY AND DIVERSITY IN COMPARISON TO THE ANNUAL RAINFALL CYCLE. BETWEEN DECEMBER 2000 AND DECEMBER 2001, FIVE THREE-MONTHLY SAMPLES WERE CARRIED OUT USING 20 X 1 M2 QUADRATS TAKEN RANDOMLY WITHIN A STRIP MEASURING 30 X 2 M TO GIVE A TOTAL SAMPLED AREA OF 20 M2. THE RICHNESS FOUND THERE WAS SIMILAR TO THAT REPORTED AT ANOTHER SITE IN THE STATE OF GUERRERO. THE REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES OF THIS COMMUNITY WERE BRACHIDONTES SEMILAEVIS, NERITA FUNICULATA, ISOGNOMON JANUS, PLICOPURPURA PANSA, NERITA SCABRICOSTA, PETALOCONCHUS COMPLICATUS AND NODILITTORINA ASPERA. BRACHIDONTES SEMILAEVIS AND P. PANSA WERE OF GREATEST IMPORTANCE DUE TO THEIR ABUNDANCE AND FREQUENCY OF APPEARANCE. THE DIVERSITY INDEX VALUES RECORDED IN THE STUDY AREA CORRESPOND TO THOSE FOUND IN TROPICAL REGIONS. IN THIS STUDY AREA, IT WAS OBSERVED THAT AN INCREASE IN RAINFALL PRODUCED A DECREASE IN THE AVERAGE DENSITY OF THE ORGANISMS, WHEREAS SUCH INCREASED PRECIPITATION PRODUCED AN INCREASE IN THE VALUE OF THE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY INDEX.
Herbicides can stimulate plant growth

Summary Low dose stimulations by toxicants have long beenobserved. Great controversies exist concerning theinterpretation of these observations, spanning frombelieving that they are a general stress response occur-ring for all chemicals, to simply being an experimentalartefact resulting from poorly growing control plants orfrom biomass allocation between plant parts. This studyinvestigates the growth response and biomass allocationpattern of barley exposed to 10–15 doses of eightdiﬀerent herbicides. The results show that the globallymost widely used herbicide, glyphosate, together withthe sulfonylurea, metsulfuron-methyl, can induce a realstimulation in biomass growth of approximately 25%when applied at doses corresponding to 5–10% ﬁeldrate. The other six herbicides tested did not induceconsistent hormesis, thereby undermining the theory ofhormesis being a general stress response. Biomassallocations between plant parts did take place, but werenot the cause of the hormetic growth stimulations. Theresults demonstrate that plant physiological responses tolow herbicide doses cannot be extrapolated from ourknowledge of eﬀects of higher, commercially used,doses. Other physiological mechanisms seem to betriggered in the low dose-range, and the investigationof these mechanisms poses new challenges for agrono-mists, environmentalists and plant physiologists.Keywords: hormesis, plant traits, trade-off betweentraits, glyphosate, metsulfuron-methyl, growth stimu-lation, herbicides, biphasic dose–response curves.C
Dynamics of Single-City Influenza with Seasonal Forcing: From Regularity to Chaos

Seasonal and epidemic influenza continue to cause concern, reinforced by connections between human and avian influenza, and H1N1 swine influenza. Models summarize ideas about disease mechanisms, help understand contributions of different processes, and explore interventions. A compartment model of single-city influenza is developed. It is mechanism-based on lower-level studies, rather than focussing on predictions. It is deterministic, without non-disease-status stratification. Categories represented are susceptible, infected, sick, hospitalized, asymptomatic, dead from flu, recovered, and one in which recovered individuals lose immunity. Most categories are represented with sequential pools with first-order kinetics, giving gamma-function progressions with realistic dynamics. A virus compartment allows representation of environmental effects on virus lifetime, thence affecting reproductive ratio. The model's behaviour is explored. It is validated without significant tuning against data on a school outbreak. Seasonal forcing causes a variety of regular and chaotic behaviours, some being typical of seasonal and epidemic flu. It is suggested that models use sequential stages for appropriate disease categories because this is biologically realistic, and authentic dynamics is required if predictions are to be credible. Seasonality is important indicating that control measures might usefully take account of expected weather.
The response to high temperature shock and humidity changes prior to and during the early stages of grain development in wheat.

Transferring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Banks) from 21/16°C to high temperature (36/31°C) for intervals of 2 days in the period from head emergence to 10 days after anthesis resulted in grain sterility and specific forms of morphological and cellular damage depending on the stage of development of the grain at the time of transfer. Grain sterility was induced by high temperature 2-3 days prior to anthesis and this response was found to be considerably enhanced by high humidity. Parthenocarpic, abortive and shrunken grain were induced by high temperature between anthesis and 3 days after anthesis. High temperature from 6 to 10 days after anthesis resulted in notched, split and opaque grains.
RLP, a novel Ras-like protein, is an immediate-early transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) target gene that negatively regulates transcriptional activity induced by TGF-β

We have described previously the use of microarray technology to identify novel target genes of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signalling in mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in Smad2 or Smad3 [Yang, Piek, Zavadil, Liang, Xie, Heyer, Pavlidis, Kucherlapati, Roberts and Bottinger (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 10269–10274]. Among the TGF-β target genes identified, a novel gene with sequence homology to members of the Ras superfamily was identified, which we have designated as RLP (Ras-like protein). RLP is a Smad3-dependent immediate-early TGF-β target gene, its expression being induced within 45 min. Bone morphogenetic proteins also induce expression of RLP, whereas epidermal growth factor and phorbol ester PMA suppress TGF-β-induced expression of RLP. Northern-blot analysis revealed that RLP was strongly expressed in heart, brain and kidney, and below the detection level in spleen and skeletal muscles. At the protein level, RLP is approx. 30% homologous with members of the Ras superfamily, particularly in domains characteristic for small GTPases. However, compared with prototypic Ras, RLP contains a modified P-loop, lacks the consensus G2 loop and the C-terminal prenylation site and harbours amino acid substitutions at positions that render prototypic Ras oncogenic. However, RLP does not have transforming activity, does not affect phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and is unable to bind GTP or GDP. RLP was found to associate with certain subtypes of the TGF-β receptor family, raising the possibility that RLP plays a role in TGF-β signal transduction. Although RLP did not interact with Smads and did not affect TGF-β receptor-induced Smad2 phosphorylation, it inhibited TGF-β-induced transcriptional reporter activation, suggesting that it is a novel negative regulator of TGF-β signalling.
The sublethal effects of tebufenozide on the precopulatory and copulatory activities of Choristoneura fumiferana and C. rosaceana

The sublethal effects of tebufenozide, an ecdysone agonist, on the reproductive biology of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem) and of Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), treated during the larval stage, were evaluated using two treatment methods: the force‐feeding method and the diet method. The percentage of mortality and the developmental time of survivors increased linearly with the concentration of tebufenozide used. This ecdysone analogue proved to be more toxic to C. fumiferana than to C. rosaceana. In C. rosaceana, the weight of males and females decreased proportionally with the dose ingested, but females were affected to a greater extent. This difference might be due to a greater consumption of the treated diet, or to a differential vulnerability to tebufenozide. Tebufenozide did not modify the pre‐copulatory activities associated with chemical communication in the females. However, the consumption of tebufenozide delayed ovarian maturation, causing a reduction in the fecundity of females. Treated males had smaller spermatophores and fewer eupyrene sperms in their bursa copulatrix and spermatheca, along with lower mating success. In C. fumiferana, tebufenozide delayed the females’ onset time of calling the first night after emergence, but did not affect the mean time spent calling or the production of the main component of the sex pheromone. The males showed significantly greater difficulty in executing oriented flight in a wind tunnel, although their mating success was not affected. We concluded that tebufenozide interferes with various aspects of the reproductive biology of males and females of C. fumiferana and C. rosaceana, including some pre‐copulatory behaviors associated with sex pheromone communication.
Using lactic acid bacteria for developing novel fish food products

Lactic acid bacteria-induced fermentation of fish was tested with the purpose of developing a novel fish food product with desired meat properties. Three selected lactic acid bacteria strains, isolated from lightly preserved fish products, were inoculated into minced frozen fillet of yellowfin tuna, and changes in fish properties were observed during 52 days of storage at 8°C. Organoleptic, bacteriological and biochemical studies (pH, histamine, TVB-N, malonaldehyde) and shelf-life measurements suggest that Leuconostoc mesenteroides could be considered as a possible starter culture for fish fermentation, but additional experiments should be performed.
TITLE PAGE TITLE: Clinical presentation and evolution of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients. Preliminary evaluation in a North Italian cohort on calcineurin-inhibitors based therapy. AUTHORS:

The clinical course of COVID-19 in patients undergoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy is yet poorly known. We performed a monocentric cross-sectional study describing the clinical course of COVID-19 in a cohort of patients from northern Italy treated with calcineurin-inhibitors for organ transplantation or rheumatic diseases. Data were collected by phone call and clinical chart review between March 2731 2020. COVID-19 related symptoms, rynopharingeal swab, therapeutic changes and outcome were assessed in 384 consecutive patients (57% males; median age 61 years, IQR 48-69). 331 patients (86%) received solid organ transplantation (kidney n=140, 36%, heart n=100, 26%, lung n=91, 24%) and 53 (14%) had a rheumatic disease. Calcineurin inhibitors were the only immunosuppressant administered in 46 patients (12%). 14 patients developed a “confirmed COVID-19” (swab positivity) and 14 a “clinical COVID-19” (only typical symptoms). Fever (75%) and diarrhoea (50%) were the most common symptoms. Fourteen patients were hospitalized and 11 have already been dismissed. No patient required start/changes of the O2 therapy or developed superinfection. Only one patient, with metastatic lung cancer, died. In conclusion, COVID-19 showed a mild course in our cohort, with low mortality. Calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive regimens appear safe in this context and should not be discontinued. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted May 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04. 26.20080663 doi: medRxiv preprint
Resistance of Chickens to Cecal Coccidiosis

Abstract IT HAS been known for many years that chickens reared under average flock conditions develop a high degree of resistance to cecal coccidiosis. Recent studies have indicated that such a resistance may be produced experimentally by the administration to chickens of sporulated oocysts. Beach and Corl (1925) reported that a group of four-week-old birds that had survived an experimental infection with Eimeria avium 2 were resistant to a subsequent inoculation of oocysts, since they failed to develop symptoms of the disease. Johnson (1927b) presented data to show that a high degree of resistance to cecal coccidiosis could be produced experimentally by the inoculation of sporulated oocysts and that this resistance was closely correlated with the number of oocysts administered. This investigator demonstrated that the administration of 2,000 sporulated oocysts daily for a month or more produced a high degree of resistance in all surviving fowls. Two fowls to which he had .
DIET OF HARP SEALS (PAGOPHILUS GROENLANDICUS) IN NEARSHORE NORTHEAST NEWFOUNDLAND: INFERENCES FROM STABLE‐CARBON (δ13C) AND NITROGEN (δ15N) ISOTOPE ANALYSES

Trophic position, and often the source of feeding of predators in food webs, can be estimated using measurements of stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon in predators and their prey. Muscle samples from 60 harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) collected during May 1995 in nearshore waters of Newfoundland, Canada, were analyzed for δ 13 C and δ 15 N values. These values were compared with those for 63 prey samples representing seven species generally collected near the same area. Using diet-tissue isotopic fractionation factors derived from previous studies using captive animals, we infer a greater dependence of harp seals on lower trophic-level prey during April compared with results expected from exclusive diets of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), or northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). Our mean δ 15 N value for harp seals is lower than previous findings for seals collected on the winter whelping patch and may be a function of interannual or seasonal differences in diet. Subadult seals (aged 1-4 yr) had significantly lower δ 15 N values than adults (5+ yr), suggesting that older seals were feeding at a slightly higher trophic level.
Effects of dietary l‐tryptophan and lighting conditions on growth performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles reared in a recirculating water system

Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate possible stressful effects on European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax reared under constant darkness (0L-24D) and to examine the possible anti-stressful effect of dietary tryptophan (TRP) supplementation. Juvenile European sea bass (initial body weight 4.23 ± 0.032 g) were reared for 10 weeks under 0L-24D and 12L-12D and fed either a commercial diet (0.47% TRP) or the same diet supplemented with L-TRP (2.47% TRP). Results showed that lighting conditions had no significant effect on fish growth, while a depressive effect by the TRP supplementation was obvious. All fish populations reared under 0L-24D exhibited reduced body protein, lipid and ash content and increased food consumption. Reduced body lipids, food consumption and nutrient utilization were observed in TRP-supplemented fed fish, along with lower liver lipids. Dietary TRP enrichment significantly lowered liver saturated and monounsaturated acids and increased poly- and highly-unsaturated fatty acids, especially in combination with 0L-24D. These changes were also considerably reflected in carcass fatty acid composition.
PROPERTIES OF L5178Y LYMPHOBLASTS HIGHLY RESISTANT TO NITROGEN MUSTARD *

The distinct possibility exists that there is no single mode of action for alkylating agents because of their capacity to react with several nucleophilic groups in the A technique that has proven useful in investigating mechanisms of action of other chemotherapeutic agents, particularly the antimetabolites, has been the comparison of physical and chemical properties of two closely related cell lines differing only with respect to sensitivity to a particular Therefore, the object of this study was to obtain a cell line markedly resistant to nitrogen mustard that might serve as a model for the investigation of the mechanism of action of that drug by comparing the properties of sensitive and resistant cells.