Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh-Resolution Fiber-Optic Sensing Based on High-Finesse, Meter-Long Fiber Fabry-Perot Resonators

Ultrahigh-resolution fiber-optic sensing has found a wide range of potential applications. However, the techniques reported so far are all based on highly specialized fiber structures and interrogation lasers, which are not widely available. In this paper, we report the demonstration of ultrahigh strain resolutions using only off-the-shelf commercial components. Our method leverages the high wavelength discrimination of long, high-finesse fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPI), using two 1 m-long FFPIs, one as the sensor and the other as a frequency reference. By locking the interrogation laser to the reference interferometer, which is co-packaged with the sensor interferometer, large, environment-induced sensing background is removed. This allows the laser to reliably probe the strains applied on the sensor with very high resolutions. A nominal, noise-limited strain resolution of 800 fϵ/√Hz has been achieved within 1–100 Hz. Strain resolution further improves to 75 fϵ/√Hz at 1 kHz, 60 fϵ/√Hz at 2 kHz and 40 fϵ/√Hz at 23 kHz, demonstrating better resolutions than proven techniques such as π-phase-shifted and slow-light fiber Bragg gratings. The work lays out a cost-effective scheme to achieve ultrahigh-resolution fiber-optic sensing.
Large-scale structure of the Doldrums multi-fault transform system (7-8ºN Equatorial Atlantic): preliminary results from the 45th expedition of the R/V A.N. Strakhov

The Equatorial portion of the Mid Atlantic Ridge is displaced by a series of large offset oceanic transforms, also called “megatransforms”. These transformdomains are characterized by a wide zone of deformation that may include different conjugated fault systems and intra-transform spreading centers (ITRs). Among these megatransforms, the Doldrums system (7-8oN) is arguably the less studied, although it may be considered the most magmatically active. Newgeophysical data and rock samples were recently collected during the 45th expedition of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov. Preliminary cruise results allowto reconstruct the large-scale structure and the tectonic evolution of this poorly-known feature of the Equatorial Atlantic. Swath bathymetry data, coupled withextensive dredging, were collected along the entire megatransform domain, covering an area of approximately 29,000 km2. The new data clearly indicate thatthe Doldrums is an extremely complex transform system that includes 4 active ITRs bounded by 5 fracture zones. Although the axial depth decreases toward thecentral part of the system, recent volcanism is significantly more abundant in the central ITRs when compared to that of the peripheral ITRs. Our preliminaryinterpretation is that a region of intense mantle melting is located in the central part of the Doldrums system as consequence of either a general transtensive regimeor the occurrence of a more fertile mantle domain. Large regions of basement exposure characterize the transform valleys and the ridge-transform intersections.We speculate that different mechanisms may be responsible for the exposure of basement rocks. These include the uplift of slivers of oceanic lithosphereby tectonic tilting (median and transverse ridges formation), the denudation of deformed gabbro and peridotite by detachment faulting at inner corner highs, andthe exposure of deep-seated rocks at the footwall of high-angle normal faults at the intersection of mid-ocean ridges with transform valleys
Dynamic Vision Training Transfers Positively to Batting Performance Among Collegiate Baseball Batters

A growing body of evidence demonstrates visual, perceptual, and oculomotor abilities contribute to batting performance in baseball and there is interest in whether training such abilities can transfer positively to batting performance. The current study tested this question through a pre-registered randomized, and placebo-controlled intervention, conducted with 24 collegiate baseball players at two Division 1 universities. Athletes were randomized to receive either dynamic vision training consisting of stroboscopic, anticipatory timing, and eye quickness drills, or placebo drills stylized after control procedures in previous vision therapy studies. Generalized near-transfer was tested via a digital visual-motor task battery (n = 20), while sports-specific intermediate and far transfer of training were evaluated through instrumented batting practice metrics (n = 14) and box score performance in NCAA-sanctioned games (n = 12). The effects of training group were tested on these outcome measures while controlling for covariates such as pre-training expectations and site. Participants averaged 8.50 hours of training with no significant training group differences in adherence, expectations, or baseline assessments. ANCOVA revealed no group differences in measures of visual-motor skills or NCAA game statistics. However, batting practice demonstrated significant improvements in launch angle (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.74) and hit distance (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.70) for the active cohort relative to the placebo control. This controlled and pre-registered pilot study therefore provides preliminary evidence that vision training may improve batting practice performance, creating new opportunities for the transfer of skill training and warranting further study. Pre-Registration At Open Science Framework on August 9, 2018. DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/496RX. Accessible at https://osf.io/jxh8u
Building a Sustainable Agricultural Career Pipeline: Effective Recruitment and Retention Practices Used by Colleges of Agriculture in the United States

This national study examined effective student recruitment and retention practices used by colleges of agriculture in the United States among 1862 land-grant, 1890 land-grant, and non-land-grant institutions. Respondents reported that faculty at colleges of agriculture were primarily white. Through the analysis of sub-group percentages, the researchers found that the ethnic makeup of faculty was not reflective of the general population. The researchers found that administrators from 1862 land-grant institutions reported statistically significant differences (p < .05) regarding the use of specific strategies to target underrepresented populations in student recruitment as compared to other institutional types. Further, 1862 land-grant institutions reported statistically significant differences in student retention strategies (p < .05) as compared to other institutional types regarding the delivery of programs that aimed to retain first-year students. Based on key findings from this investigation, the authors developed the agricultural student retention model (ASRM) to help guide colleges of agriculture in improving their holistic retention program as they navigate inclusive and diverse institutional contexts. Additionally, key recruitment strategies were identified as well, that could facilitate holistic student recruitment efforts. Perhaps more significant progress can be made toward creating a sustainable agricultural workforce that is more reflective of U.S. population demographics using this model.
Behavior and Exposure of Chalk Dust during Classroom Teaching

It is meaningful to estimate the chalk dust behavior and its exposure for school-aged children and teachers who spend a lot of time in the classroom. In the present study, model classes were designed to characterize temporal and spatial variations of chalk dust in a classroom and indoor exposure dose to children and teachers. For about 20% of the entire class time, the PM2.5 level greatly exceeded that of ambient PM2.5 daily standard (35 μg m-3). Meanwhile, there was no apparent elevation of PM2.5 during the control experiment carried out using a whiteboard and a dry erase marker with the same teaching behavior. The largest quantity of chalk dust was deposited in the front of the classroom when a cleaner of the blackboard eraser was operated. A SEM image revealed that chalk particles have random shape in a broad range(mainly in the diameter range of 2.0 to 5.0 μm) of their size. The calculated chalk PM2.5 deposition dose, DosePM2.5 (μg), in the alveolar interstitial region revealed the highest level during the period from operating a cleaner of the chalkboard eraser to the end of the class. The DosePM2.5 (μg) in that period was 3.86, 18.95, and 15.79 μg for 10y male/female students, male teacher, and female teacher, respectively.
The Politics of Drug Courts

The Politics of Drug Courts J. Chris Moss This study examined drug courts from a public policy and political science perspective. The first portion of the study focused on the history of sentencing policy from the 1970s through the drug court movement. The second chapter addressed gaps in the policy literature about how drug courts were created and how they evolved. Another focal point was determining how state-level actors such as legislators, state supreme courts, and bureaucratic agencies regulated drug court policy in each particular state. From this data, a continuum was formed to determine which states operated from a top-down management style for drug courts and which states operated from a bottom-up management style. This data allowed me to empirically test whether certain political science, criminal justice, and structure variables could account for the amount of state-level regulation into drug court policy. Partisan politics was associated with the amount of state-level regulation into drug court policy, and method of judicial selection was weakly associated with the amount of state-level regulation. In the final empirical chapter, drug courts from a bottom-up management state and a top-down management state were selected for case study analyses. Members of drug court teams were interviewed to determine the similarities and differences between the two disparate styles of management. Members of the drug courts teams who had not received as much scholarly attention were also interviewed such as treatment counselors, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and members of law enforcement to share their views on drug courts and describe their official duties. Finally, in light of the current opioid epidemic, members of the drug courts discussed how heroin and prescription pain killers are affecting their counties and what the drug courts and other entities can do to alleviate this problem.
Abrasive wear behavior of nano-ceria modified NiCoCrAlY coatings deposited by the high-velocity oxy-fuel process

In this study, the as-received and nano-ceria modified NiCoCrAlY coatings were deposited by the high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) process. The various mixture ratios of ceria nanoparticles (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt%) were chosen for the development of modified coatings. Microstructural investigations for the conventional and modified coatings were carried out using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Moreover, the adhesive strength, the fracture toughness, and the abrasive wear behavior of nano-ceria modified NiCoCrAlY coatings were examined and compared to the original NiCoCrAlY coating. The obtained results demonstrated that, the modified NiCoCrAlY-1.0 wt% nano-ceria coating represented a relatively denser structure owing to lower amounts of porosity and oxide compared to other types of as-received and modified NiCoCrAlY coatings. Results also indicated that the indentation fracture toughness of nano-ceria modified coatings up to 1.0 wt% accordingly increased. The modified NiCoCrAlY-1.0 wt% coating had a higher bond strength compared to other types of as-received and modified coatings. In addition, the modified NiCoCrAlY-1.0 wt% nano-ceria coating also had better abrasive wear resistance due to its higher microhardness and desirable dispersion of nano-ceria reinforcement in the layer of coating.
Returned migrants acquisition of competences: the contingencies of space and time

ABSTRACT The conditions which determine the acquisition of skills by migrants are still poorly understood. This paper addresses two of those conditions: the temporality of the acquisition of competences, whether the number and duration of migrations matter, as well as the spatiality, or the variation across countries of origin and return. Based on a large-scale online panel survey of returned young migrants in nine European countries, the significance of time (duration) and space (number of migrations) in the acquisition of skills and competences are examined. The findings reveal that young European returnees’ experiences gained abroad result in largely positive outcomes but with significant differences between formal qualifications, language skills and personal and cultural competences. However, their acquisition of skills and competences is mediated by temporality – the combination of number of trips, and duration of migration. Spatiality is also important, with outcomes depending on the destination countries, and whether migration and return are from or to rural versus urban areas. These indicate that structural considerations continue to shape individual migration experiences within the EU's freedom of movement space.
In crowdfunding we trust: A trust-building model in lending crowdfunding

ABSTRACT Trust critically affects the perceived probability of receiving expected returns on investment. Crowdfunding differs in many ways from traditional forms of investing. We have to ask what builds trust in this particular context. Based on literature regarding the formation of initial trust, we developed a model to explain which factors lead to crowdfunders’ trust in a crowdfunding project. We tested it on data collected from actual investors in a real project on a crowdlending platform. Our results show that trust in the crowdfunding platform and the information quality are more important factors of project trust than trust in the creator.
Emerging developments in citizen science: Reflecting on areas of innovation

This report explores areas of innovation in citizen science including in relation to new applications, methods used, approaches to recruiting participants and building capacity for citizen science. It also considers emerging themes and topical issues and their implications, including in relation to using personal health data, artificial intelligence, the diversity of participants, policymaking, governance and data security issues.
On the Metaphorical Conceptualization of Contrasting Emotional Experiences: the Case of Pride and Shame in English and Serbian

Set against the theoretical background of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this paper compares the conceptualization of positive self-evaluation emotions and those originating from negative self-evaluation in English and Serbian. The findings show that these contrasting emotion concepts predominantly tend to be characterized by an independent and unique metaphoric conceptualization, i.e. that emotions such as pride and shame are only rarely structured via pairs of opposing metaphors (e.g. the up/ big‒down/small contrast). Other than that, although there is an asymmetry at a high level of generality (e.g. the precious possession‒undesirable object opposition), the specific-level metaphors are characterized by a unique elaboration of the metaphorical “possession of the object scenario”. On a more general level, negative self-evaluation emotions are found to be more strongly associated with the image of a reified emotion coming into forcible contact with the experiencer, thereby indicating that some of the most salient metaphors structuring negative self-conscious emotions exhibit a higher degree of entrenchment in the body.
Control of T lymphocyte responses by CD95-mediated apoptosis

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Finding Place: Cognitive and Psychosocial Factors Impacting Latina/o Students’ Sense of Belonging

Guided by several theoretical approaches to student success, this study tested cognitive and non-cognitive variables including a set of background, financial, and psychosocial factors. Regression analysis revealed five foci predicted Latina/o student‘s sense of belonging at a Hispanic Serving Institution. These include (1) finances/financial aid, (2) psychosocial experiences, (3) racial attitudes and beliefs, (4) high school academic performance, and (5) the notion of change in a student‘s life. Implications for research and practiced are discussed.
Employers' perspectives on benefit conditionality in the UK and Denmark

This article examines the under‐explored demand‐side of active labour market policies (ALMPs). Based on interview data from a comparative study of the UK and Denmark, the paper analyses employers' perspectives and experiences of ALMPs. In both countries, employers were favourably disposed towards employing unemployed jobseekers but held negative views on conditionality. First, benefit conditionality led to employers receiving large numbers of unsuitable and unfiltered job applications, with associated negative resource impacts. Second, employers perceived this as a product of ‘box ticking' and compliance targets. Finally, employers criticised policy and media rhetoric for focusing solely on the supply‐side and for problematizing unemployed candidates. The paper argues that these crucial, but neglected, employer perspectives demonstrate that the current benefit conditionality regime in the UK risks irrevocably ‘tarnishing' candidates, which undermines, rather than enhances, their chances of securing employment through ALMPs. This unique dataset provides further evidence that the current direction of policy requires urgent and radical re‐thinking.
Factors Influencing Future Music Participation: A Review of Literature Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been employed as a theoretical framework that predicts and explains an individual’s intention to engage in a certain behavior. The TPB postulates that an individual’s behavior is influenced by behavioral intentions, and behavioral intentions are caused by three distinct factors: attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control. To holistically understand factors influencing students’ intentions for continued music participation, this article examines music education studies focused on various factors related to student intention to persist in music based on the TPB. This review of literature will support researchers in determining the direction of future investigation of students’ intentions for continued engagement in music. Furthermore, understanding and documenting these factors in student intention could aid music educators in creating teaching strategies focused on increasing student continuation in musical activities.
Enhancing Employee Innovation Through Customer Engagement: The Role of Customer Interactivity, Employee Affect, and Motivations

Customer engagement involves customers’ interactive experiences with a brand or service provider. Focusing on the hotel industry, this study investigates the role of customer interactivity, positive affect, and employee motivations in enhancing employees’ innovative behaviors under the S-O-R (stimulus–organism–response) framework. Using data collected via a mixed-mode quantitative survey of 830 Chinese hotel employees, the authors developed and tested a structural model. The findings suggest that customer interactivity, positive affect, and motivations as influential factors affect employee innovative behavior. Specifically, customer interactivity influences employee innovative behavior directly and indirectly through positive affect and intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Theoretically, the study clarifies the mechanisms underpinning the effect of customer interactivity on employees’ innovative behaviors and extends the S-O-R model by applying it in the organizational behavior domain. Practically, the results highlight a need for reward systems to incorporate measures of employee performance in relation to fostering customer interactivity and engagement.
Recreation, cultivation and environmental concerns: exploring the materiality and leisure experience of contemporary allotment gardening

ABSTRACT Allotment gardening has been identified as eco-leisure and associated with an ideological commitment to nature. Drawing on ten semi-structured interviews and observations of the materiality of allotments, this study explores the enactment of allotment gardening as leisure. Findings demonstrate tensions and complexities in this leisure experience. Firstly, it shows that allotment gardening entails both the experience of freedom and enjoyment and a contrasting sense of duty. Secondly, the study suggests that the freely exercised activity of the individual plotter is negotiated within a dependency on the social structures of the allotment community. Thirdly, the study indicates that ecological orientations amongst plotters are expressed through gardening practices rather than articulated as ideologies. Finally, it demonstrates the potential of a material and consumption perspective in explorations of how both environmental concerns and/or materialism is practised through everyday leisure. Overall, the study contributes to multi-faceted understandings of motivations for allotment gardening and dynamics in the garden as a project of self-fulfilment and care for nature.
PREGNANCY RATE OF RECIPIENT COWS AFTER TRANSFER OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED NELLORE EMBRYOS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy rate (PR) of cows of six farms in Bolivia and in the states of Acre and Rondônia in Brazil after the transfer of 4,321 in vitro Nellore embryos produced by a private company, in 2015 to 2016. The effects of the farm location, year of embryo transfer (ET), season of ET, number of previous ET per recipient, and embryo development stage on the PR of the recipient cow (chi square p<0.05) were evaluated. The PR of the six evaluated farms were similar, with an average of 45.15%. The farm location, year of ET (2015 or 2016), and season of ET (rainy or dry season) did not affect the PR (p>0.05). The PR found after embryo transfer for recipient cows that had already been used once (45.58%) or twice (43.40%) for this purpose were higher than that of recipient cows used three to eight times (29.01%) (p<0.05). ET at expanded or hatched blastocyst stage resulted in higher PR (47.35%) when compared to the ET at morula or initial blastocyst (41.06%) and at blastocyst stage (43%) (p<0.05), which did not differ from each other (p>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the transfer of in vitro-produced Nellore embryos at advanced development stages (expanded or hatched blastocyst) results in higher PR in cows that had been used once or twice for this purpose.