Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multifactorial Analysis of Concessive Clause Positioning

ABSTRACT Previous works have identified multiple factors and their interplay that condition the positioning of the concessive adverbial clauses. This study continues this line of research by 1) focusing exclusively on the positioning of although-led concessive adverbial clauses (although-clauses hereafter) among different concessive clause relations; 2) supplementing the factor set with more linguistic features, such as sentence-initial adverbials and hedging terms; and, 3) extending and generalizing the scope of competition among semantic, discoursal and processing motivators to a higher-level competition between ‘clarity’ and ‘processability’. Data were retrieved from 1,738 concessive sentences of student argumentative essays from the BAWE and NESSIE corpora. Models were generated based on binary logistic regression and random forests. The results show that the motivator of the relationship between the although-clauses and their main clauses was the most significant variable in all models, denoting its priority in conditioning concessive clause positioning, under the Competition Model framework. Subordinate clause complexity and deranking (i.e. clauses that do not have a full verb) were the least significant among all motivating factors. Overall, clarity-related motivators outweigh processability-related ones, prioritizing clear meaning-conveying in competition with processing motivators.
An End-to-End Joint Learning Scheme of Image Compression and Quality Enhancement with Improved Entropy Minimization.

Recently, learned image compression methods have been actively studied. Among them, entropy-minimization based approaches have achieved superior results compared to conventional image codecs such as BPG and JPEG2000. However, the quality enhancement and rate-minimization are conflictively coupled in the process of image compression. That is, maintaining high image quality entails less compression and vice versa. However, by jointly training separate quality enhancement in conjunction with image compression, the coding efficiency can be improved. In this paper, we propose a novel joint learning scheme of image compression and quality enhancement, called JointIQ-Net, as well as entropy model improvement, thus achieving significantly improved coding efficiency against the previous methods. Our proposed JointIQ-Net combines an image compression sub-network and a quality enhancement sub-network in a cascade, both of which are end-to-end trained in a combined manner within the JointIQ-Net. Also the JointIQ-Net benefits from improved entropy-minimization that newly adopts a Gussian Mixture Model (GMM) and further exploits global context to estimate the probabilities of latent representations. In order to show the effectiveness of our proposed JointIQ-Net, extensive experiments have been performed, and showed that the JointIQ-Net achieves a remarkable performance improvement in coding efficiency in terms of both PSNR and MS-SSIM, compared to the previous learned image compression methods and the conventional codecs such as VVC Intra (VTM 7.1), BPG, and JPEG2000. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first end-to-end optimized image compression method that outperforms VTM 7.1 (Intra), the latest reference software of the VVC standard, in terms of the PSNR and MS-SSIM.
Cost Implications for an In-House University Timetabling System

This paper reports on a study on the examination timetabling problem faced in universities, focusing on the problem as it exists at the University of Botswana (UB). Examination timetabling is well researched and many different algorithms have been used in an attempt to produce timetable solutions that meet various objectives of institutions as well as theoretical objectives. Our research tries to produce an optimal examination timetable, which takes into consideration constraints imposed by users of timetables in UB as well as best-practice constraints found in the literature. Most African universities have financial constraints that make cost-effective solutions that take advantage of readily available research results and frameworks critical to their survival and strategic goals. In our paper, we analyse the cost implications of in-house development of an examination scheduling system solution that will produce improved schedules and reduce costs. We take into account the cost of software tools and frameworks we have employed as well as the cost of getting data and actual software engineering of a timetabling solution. Our results suggest that the benefits of this approach are great, since the cost is low while the quality of resulting timetables is good.
Considerations, Coordination, and Sharing of Numerical Simulations for Astrophysics

Nick Battaglia1 NBatta@astro.cornell. edu Andrew Benson2 ABenson@carnegiescience.edu Andrew Hearin3 AHearin@anl.gov Katrin Heitmann3 Heitmann@anl.gov Shirley Ho4,5,6 ShirleyHo@flatironinstitute.org Alina Kiessling7 ̈ Alina.A. Kiessling@jpl.nasa. gov Zarija Lukic8 Zarija@lbl.gov Michael Schneider9 Schneider42@llnl.gov Elena Sellentin10 Sellentin@strw.leidenuniv. nl Joachim Stadel11 Stadel@physik.unizh. ch
The effect of unilateral training on contralateral limb strength in young, older, and patient populations: a meta-analysis of cross education

Abstract Background: Cross education is the contralateral strength gain following unilateral training of the ipsilateral limb. This phenomenon provides an ideal rehabilitation model for acute or chronic rehabilitation; however, previous cross education meta-analyses have been limited to a handful of studies. Objectives: The present meta-analysis aimed to (1) be as inclusive as possible, (2) compare cross education in young able-bodied, older able-bodied, and patient populations, (3) compare cross education between training modalities, and (4) detail the impact of methodological controls on the quantification of cross education. Methodology: A review of English literature identified studies that employed unilateral resistance training and reported contralateral strength results. Studies were separated to examine the effect of population, training modality, limb, sex, and familiarization on the magnitude of cross education. The percent strength gain and effect size were calculated for ipsilateral and contralateral limbs. Results: A total of 96 studies fit the predetermined inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The included studies were further divided into 141 units employing separate unilateral training paradigms. These were separated into young, able-bodied (n = 126), older, able-bodied (n = 9), and neuromuscular patients (n = 6). Cross education was an average of 18% (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.71) in young, able-bodied participants, 17% (SMD = 0.58) in healthy able-bodied participants, and 29% (SMD = 0.76) in neuromuscular patients. Conclusion: Cross education was present in young, older, and patient populations and similar between upper and lower limbs and between males and females. Electromyostimulation training was superior to voluntary training paradigms.
FORTE 2.0: a fast, parallel and flexible coupled climate model

Abstract. FORTE 2.0 is an intermediate-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) consisting of the Intermediate General Circulation Model 4 (IGCM4), a T42 spectral atmosphere with 35σ layers, coupled to Modular Ocean Model – Array (MOMA), a 2∘ × 2∘ ocean with 15 z-layer depth levels. Sea ice is represented by a simple flux barrier. Both the atmosphere and ocean components are coded in Fortran. It is capable of producing a stable climate for long integrations without the need for flux adjustments. One flexibility afforded by the IGCM4 atmosphere is the ability to configure the atmosphere with either 35σ layers (troposphere and stratosphere) or 20σ layers (troposphere only). This enables experimental designs for exploring the roles of the troposphere and stratosphere, and the faster integration of the 20σ layer configuration enables longer duration studies on modest hardware. A description of FORTE 2.0 is given, followed by the analysis of two 2000-year control integrations, one using the 35σ configuration of IGCM4 and one using the 20σ configuration.
Clinicopathological Correlation of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Notorious Masquerader and Clinical Paradox

Abstract Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon tumor with nonspecific clinicoradiological features thereby masquerading other nonneoplastic and neoplastic entities. Materials and Methods: Cases of ACC were retrospectively reviewed over a period of 4 years. The clinical details of these patients including fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and imaging findings were retrieved. Diagnosis was confirmed on histomorphology and supplemented with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results:: Thirty cases of ACC were included in the study. Mean patient age was 55.5 years with a slight female preponderance. Among the 30 ACCs, 10 (33.4%) were located in submandibular gland, 7 (23.4%) in parotid gland, 6 (20%) in sublingual gland, 2 (6.7%) in lung and one each (3.33%) in nasal cavity, breast, cervix, lip, and skin of face. Preoperative imaging was suggestive of malignancy in 29 cases while a single case of parotid gland ACC was misdiagnosed as benign salivary gland neoplasm. FNAC was performed in 29 cases with a diagnostic accuracy of 82.7%. Histopathological examination showed characteristic features of ACC in all cases with perineural invasion seen in 7 cases. On IHC, positivity for cytokeratin was seen in all cases, cluster of differentiation 117 in 24 cases, thyroid transcription factor-1 in two cases and human epidermal growth factor receptor/neu in two cases. All cases were negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor IHC. Mean Ki-67 score was 47.8%. Conclusion: ACCs are notorious tumors showing slow growth kinetics with propensity for perineural invasion, late recurrences, and distant metastasis. It should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis at unusual sites other than salivary glands.
Training needs for internet usage in a learning environment : University of Botswana case

The paper is based on a study which was conducted to determine the training needs of Internet users in an academic environment. The study was conducted at the University of Botswana, which at the time provided only a dial-up access to the Internet, offering mainly e-mail and variations of e-mail. It is expected that the University will have direct access to the Internet before the end of this year (1996). This study is a preliminary study designed to determine the specific training needs that need to be met if there has to be maximum gain from using the Internet in academic work in the University of Botswana. It will be followed by another similar study once full access to the Internet is achieved.
Machine learning based heuristic BBU-RRH switching scheme for C-RAN in 5G

The immense increase in bandwidth demand by various services such as high definition video streaming, online gaming, and virtual reality have made it increasingly challenging for operators to be able to provide satisfactory services to the end users while making a profit. Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a new architecture that has been proposed to facilitate the mobile networks’ ability to meet the increase in bandwidth demand. C-RAN consists of three parts, namely Remote Radio Head (RRH), the front haul link, and Baseband Processing Units (BBU) pool. Many RRHs are associated with one BBU pool, and all RRHs within the pool are logically connected to every BBU in the pool. Thus, a BBU-RRH switching algorithm needs to be developed as it is able to enhance the performance of such architecture while managing the resource efficiently. This work mainly focuses on providing a traffic profile prediction based BBU-RRH switching algorithm using a real life dataset. There are relevant works that propose algorithms to achieve this purpose, however some of these algorithms suffer from high switching complexity while others fall short in QoS provisioning. Therefore, this work aims to develop a BBU-RRH algorithm that will be able to enhance the QoS while reducing the switching complexity with the aid of machine learning techniques. This algorithm consists of three parts. The first part proposes an efficient RRH clustering mechanism that determines which RRHs are associated with a specific BBU pool. The second part utilises recurrent neural networks (RNN) to predict the daily traffic profile of RRHs, so that a relatively accurate traffic profile prediction can be obtained to facilitate the switching algorithm. Finally the third part is the BBU-RRH switching scheme that works in conjunction with the predicted traffic profile to make an informed decision about the associations between RRHs and BBUs within the BBU pool. The simulations have suggested that the proposed algorithm is able to reduce the number of BBUs used and therefore save on energy. In addition, the algorithm also reduces the occurrence of congestion and failure states, and thus improves the quality of the service of the network. Finally, this switching algorithm also reduces the switching complexity in comparison to an existing algorithm.
Long-term treatment-free remission (TFR) in patients (pts) with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) after stopping second-line (2L) nilotinib: ENESTop 144-wk results.

7003Background: TFR is a new treatment goal in CML. In the ENESTop study (NCT01698905) in pts with CML-CP who sustained a deep molecular response with 2L nilotinib, 57.9% and 53.2% remained in TFR .
Action-based Recommendation in Pull-request Development

Pull requests (PRs) selection is a challenging task faced by integrators in pull-based development (PbD), with hundreds of PRs submitted on a daily basis to large open-source projects. Managing these PRs manually consumes integrators’ time and resources and may lead to delays in the acceptance, response, or rejection of PRs that can propose bug fixes or feature enhancements. On the one hand, well-known platforms for performing PbD, like GitHub, do not provide built-in recommendation mechanisms for facilitating the management of PRs. On the other hand, prior research on PRs recommendation has focused on the likelihood of either a PR being accepted or receive a response by the integrator. In this paper, we consider both those likelihoods, this to help integrators in the PRs selection process by suggesting to them the appropriate actions to undertake on each specific PR. To this aim, we propose an approach, called CARTESIAN (aCceptance And Response classificaTion-based requESt I dentifcAtioN) modeling the PRs recommendation according to PR actions. In particular, CARTESIAN is able to recommend three types of PR actions: accept, respond, and reject. We evaluated CARTESIAN on the PRs of 19 popular GitHub projects. The results of our study demonstrate that our approach can identify PR actions with an average precision and recall of about 86%. Moreover, our findings also highlight that CARTESIAN outperforms the results of two baseline approaches in the task of PRs selection.
Uveal Melanoma in Ireland

Purpose: To report the clinical features and epidemiology of uveal melanoma in Ireland. Methods: This was an observational study of 253 patients with a new diagnosis of uveal melanoma between June 2010 and December 2015. Main outcome measures included demographics, clinical features, age-adjusted incidence, relative survival, overall survival, and distant metastases-free survival. Results: The mean patient age was 61.7 years. Tumour location was choroidal in 82%, ciliochoroidal in 9%, iridociliary in 2%, and iris in 7%. Treatment modalities included brachytherapy (ruthenium-106 and iodine-125 [64%]), enucleation (27%), and proton beam radiation (8%). The mean age-adjusted incidence of uveal melanoma in Ireland from 2010 to 2015 was 9.5 per million of the population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4–10.7). Four-year relative survival was 81.3% (95% CI: 72.8–87.3). Four-year overall survival was 84% (95% CI: 78–90) and 4-year distant metastases-free survival was 79% (95% CI: 73–86). Conclusion: Based on this data, the incidence of uveal melanoma in Ireland is high when compared with other reported incidence rates in Europe and worldwide. Relative and observed survival were in keeping with other reported European survival rates.
The Impact of Provider Characteristics on Selected Primary Health Care Indicators

While the physician population in Canada is growing at a higher rate that the overall population, there has been a noticeable decline in the comprehensiveness of primary health care services provided by general practitioners/family physicians. This study aims to assess the impacts of physician characteristics such as physician age, gender and location (rural or urban practice) on selected primary health care indicators including whether or not physicians deliver babies, make home visits or are accepting new patients. There were a total of 42 discrete studies included; they addressed the impact of physician age, gender and location of practice on the provision of home visits, obstetrical care and access. The literature suggests that older physicians, male physicians and rural physicians are more likely to provide home visits, that younger physicians, female physicians and rural physicians are more likely to provide obstetrical care and based on the limited research to date, that younger physicians, male physicians and rural physicians are more likely to be accepting new patients. Statistical analysis was also performed on available data to verify findings from the literature review on the Alberta physician population. Information on physician characteristics was obtained through the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta and Ministry of Health. A quantitative approach was taken to analyze the physician data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using multiple logistic regression. The statistical analysis found that in Alberta, although location and decades in practice are both significant predictors of whether or not physicians provide home visits, gender was not statistically significant when all other variables were controlled for. This is likely because of the relationship between gender and age, considering that older physicians were more likely to be male. This study has also confirmed that age, gender and location were all significant predictors of whether physicians delivered babies. Importantly physicians involved in Primary Care Networks (PCNs) were 3.6 times more likely to deliver babies than their non-PCN colleagues, even with all other variables adjusted for.
An Epidemiological Study on Fall among Elders and Assessment of their Home Environment on Potential Risk for Fall in a Rural Area of Coimbatore, Tamilnadu

BACKGROUND : Global reports show falls to be a major cause of injuries among elders, but data about this is scarce from developing countries like India that are experiencing the effects of population ageing. OBJECTIVES : Primary objective of the study was to describe the burden of falls among elders (>60years) and screening their homes for potential fall risks. Secondary objective was to identify association of risk factors that contributed to the falls. Settings and Design: A community–based cross-sectional study of 655 elders and their housing in a rural area of Coimbatore District. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire developed from WHO framework for factors contributing to falls was used to collect data on fall history within the past 6 months and socio-demographic and biological factors. For environmental factors, an Observation checklist was prepared from fall-prevention housing standards to assess the home for potential fall risks. The burden of falls and presence of home risks for fall identified were expressed as proportions and percentages. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify association of fall with select risk factors for fall. RESULTS : Burden of fall among elders was 26% (95% CI: 22.59-29.32) with 30% needing physician consultation, 10.5% needing hospital admission and 2.7% elders getting bedridden following a fall. Almost equal proportion of falls occurred outside and inside home. Using the fall-prevention screening checklist, almost all houses were found to be risky for fall. Age (≥80years), education (lesser than high school), arthritis and vision defect were on univariate analysis found to be statistically significant while age ≥80 years and dizziness confirmed to be associated upon multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION : This study shows the burden of fall to be almost similar to that identified in western countries where several fall preventive measures have been implemented. Hence, we recommend that specially trained primary care teams must visit the homes of those elders who are above 80 years to screen them for medical conditions associated with risk of fall and use the fall-prevention Housing checklist compiled by us for use in rural areas to identify and initiate remedial measure to reduce the risk for fall within their homes.
Parental alcohol misuse and the impact on children: a rapid evidence review of service presentations and interventions.

Parental alcohol misuse (PAM) can have profound effects on children’s health and development. Yet, the extent to which the government, local authorities or clinical services are addressing PAM is not well understood. This rapid review was commissioned from the Children’s Policy Research Unit (CPRU) by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) to inform national and local policy interventions for children affected by PAM. It combines published research (emphasising findings from systematic reviews), administrative data, birth cohort studies and expert feedback to seek answers on: 1. How do families who are affected by PAM present to services? Objective: Review prevalence of PAM in England, as recorded by services where children and parents present. 2. What strategies to reduce PAM and its consequences for children could be integrated into existing services? Objective: Review interventions aimed at reducing PAM and related-harms among children. We summarise findings from 47 reviews and 313 primary studies of which 149 were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, a full systematic review involving synthesis of the quality and individual study findings was beyond the scope of this review. • Whilst a large number of evaluations relevant to PAM have been reviewed previously, few well-funded or comprehensive studies have been conducted in the UK (only 2 relevant RCTs), and few interventions focus specifically on affected children. • Family-based interventions focusing on systemic and behavioural couples’ therapy provide consistent positive evidence of improved family functioning and reductions of PAM, compared to interventions focusing on the problem drinker alone. • Evidence of brief interventions (BI) in primary care including brief psychoeducational sessions, parenting skills interventions and psychoeducational groups, generally report positive results in encouraging affected parents into treatment and in improving family members psychosocial functioning, compared to treatment as usual. • “Think-Family approaches” are a feasible approach for early identification and intervention for at-risk families affected by PAM, but need more robust evaluation. • We found limited evidence on interventions for PAM regarding: (1) social care settings including those aimed at reducing out-of-home child placements, (2) community outreach interventions including housing services and 24/7 social support for high-risk drug and alcohol misusing mothers, (3) pharmacological interventions targeting pregnant women and the treatment impact this may have on children, and (4) interventions that target fathers. • We found no evaluative intervention studies focusing on police settings, helplines, online interventions or education for PAM and/or affected children.