Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diesel Engine NOx Reduction Using Charge Air Water Injection

The Transportation Development Centre of Transport Canada, in collaboration with Environment Canada’s Emissions Research and Measurement Division, conducted a series of emissions tests onboard the Oceanex RoRo vessel MV Cabot operating between Montreal, Quebec, and St. John’s, Newfoundland. The primary objectives were to verify emissions inventories and demonstrate the feasibility of installing affordable emissions reduction technology on marine vessels as well as compliance with future regulatory emissions limits. The tests also provided an opportunity for Canada to share information on emissions program and technology developments with U.S. regulatory authorities. This may lead to developing joint emissions reduction initiatives for existing marine vessels. This paper describes the field-testing of a water injection system (WIS) to reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from ocean-going vessels. Tests were conducted on a semi-dedicated basis during voyage and under steady-state conditions. The emissions measurements were taken in accordance with ISO 8178-4-E3 protocol and using both marine diesel oil and intermediate fuel oil, which enabled the evaluation of the impact of different fuel type and quality on emissions. An initial series of tests was carried out on the MV Cabot in March 2004, followed by a second series of tests on the same vessel in March 2005. These tests demonstrated the effectiveness of a low-cost WIS for reducing NOx emissions in marine diesel engines. They also showed that water injection reduces NOx at the expense of an increase in both particulate matter and carbon monoxide when using intermediate fuel oil. NOx reductions varied between 10 and 35 percent, and were most effective at high water injection ratios above 50 percent engine load. The test results showed no negative impact of the WIS on fuel consumption or engine operation and performance. This paper compares the results obtained from the consecutive series of tests in terms of the effectiveness of NOx reduction, and analyses the results in the context of other full-scale test results obtained from emissions control system vendors and engine suppliers. It also investigates the theoretical process and technology of water injection through charge air fumigation, and both direct water and fuel/water emulsion injection. In addition, the effects of water injection on engine emissions, operation and maintenance, and the optimization of water injection from a knowledge-based perspective are discussed. Further testing and development of the WIS are required to realize optimal emissions reduction potential and to determine the impact of water injection on fuel consumption, and engine operational performance as well as the impact of fuel quality on emissions.Copyright © 2005 by Transport Canada (Government of Canada)
VerSA: Verifiable Secure Aggregation for Cross-Device Federated Learning

In privacy-preserving cross-device federated learning, users train a global model on their local data and submit encrypted local models, while an untrusted central server aggregates the encrypted models to obtain an updated global model. Prior work has demonstrated how to verify the correctness of aggregation in such a setting. However, such verification relies on strong assumptions, such as a trusted setup among all users under unreliable network conditions, or it suffers from expensive cryptographic operations, such as bilinear pairing. In this paper, we scrutinize the verification mechanism of prior work and propose a model recovery attack, demonstrating that most local models can be leaked within a reasonable time (e.g., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$98\%$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>98</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="hur-ieq1-3126323.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> of encrypted local models are recovered within 21 h). Then, we propose <sc>VerSA</sc>, a verifiable secure aggregation protocol for cross-device federated learning. <sc>VerSA</sc> does not require any trusted setup for verification between users while minimizing the verification cost by enabling both the central server and users to utilize only a lightweight pseudorandom generator to prove and verify the correctness of model aggregation. We experimentally confirm the efficiency of <sc>VerSA</sc> under diverse datasets, demonstrating that <sc>VerSA</sc> is orders of magnitude faster than verification in prior work.
Model reference adaptive control-based adaptive current control scheme of a PM synchronous motor with an improved servo performance

A model reference adaptive control (MRAC)-based current control scheme of a PM synchronous motor with an improved servo performance is presented. Although the predictive current control is known to give ideal transient and steady-state responses among various PWM inverter-fed current control schemes for a PM synchronous motor, its steady-state response may be degraded under the motor parameter variations. To overcome such a limitation, the disturbances caused by the parameter variations will be estimated using an MRAC technique and compensated by a feedforward manner. Thus, the steady-state control performance can be effectively improved, while retaining its good dynamic performance. The proposed control scheme does not require the measurement of the phase voltage unlike the conventional disturbance estimation scheme using observer. This can be an effective way considering the phase voltage contains much harmonics as well as noise. The asymptotic stability of the overall system is proved and the adaptation laws are derived by the Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed scheme is implemented using DSP TMS320C31 and the effectiveness is verified through the comparative simulations and experiments.
Software fault injection: inoculating programs against errors

The benefits and challenges associated with fault injection methods are described in this book. The authors seek to explain injection methodology by extensive use of applications data and real-world case studies. The book covers: how to predict where faults are most likely to hide; how failures in the software environment should impact software performance; how to use normal beta testing to uncover potential security problems; what fault injection reveals about maintenance and reuse; and how to introduce fault injection methods into your organization.
Teamwork in medical education: are medical students team workers?

Introduction. Despite the increasing importance of teamwork in healthcare, medical education still puts great emphasis on individual achievements. The purpose of this study is to examine medical students’ team role preferences, including the association with gender and specialty; and to provide implications for policy makers and medical educators. Methods. We used an exploratory methodology, following a repeated cross-sectional design. Data was collected from first year master students in medicine (n=2293) during five consecutive years (2016 – 2020). The Belbin Team Role Self Perception Inventory (BTRSPI) was used to measure medical students’ self-perceptions of their team role. Results. The Team Worker was the most preferred team role among medical students (35.8%), regardless of study year, gender or specialty. Female and male students had similar team role patterns, although female students scored higher on Team Worker (40.4% vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001) and Completer-Finisher (14.0% vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Our findings are encouraging due to the increased importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in healthcare. Nevertheless, policy makers and medical educators should prioritize teamwork skills at all stages (i.e. admission to residency) and levels (i.e. in the explicit and implicit curriculum) to ensure their continued development throughout the educational process.
Waking a sleeping giant-the planning for success of a large project process at a large urban teaching hospital

The early planning of a project organization and process is critical to the eventual success of a large, complex project. Beth Israel Medical Center, a 1180 bed teaching hospital in New York City, embarked in 1991 on a plan to implement clinical information computer systems throughout its facilities. This project is described. The project manager considered the unique cultural and organizational aspects of Beth Israel in order to develop a strategy for the project. Strategy objectives included promoting broad educational awareness, establishing quick project momentum and visibility, gaining the approval of a competing organizational department, and developing a productive and effective project team. The start-up phase of any project can make or break the project. If one does not set the correct tone and build the correct organization, one can easily doom the project before it has ever had a chance to develop. >
Temporal and Quantitative Transcriptomic Differences Define Sexual Dimorphism in Murine Postnatal Bone Aging

Time is a central element of the sexual dimorphic patterns of development, pathology, and aging of the skeleton. Because the transcriptome is a representation of the phenome, we hypothesized that both sex and sex‐specific temporal, transcriptomic differences in bone tissues over an 18‐month period would be informative to the underlying molecular processes that lead to postnatal sexual dimorphism. Regardless of age, sex‐associated changes of the whole bone transcriptomes were primarily associated not only with bone but also vascular and connective tissue ontologies. A pattern‐based approach used to screen the entire Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database against those that were sex‐specific in bone identified two coordinately regulated gene sets: one related to high phosphate–induced aortic calcification and one induced by mechanical stimulation in bone. Temporal clustering of the transcriptome identified two skeletal tissue‐associated, sex‐specific patterns of gene expression. One set of genes, associated with skeletal patterning and morphology, showed peak expression earlier in females. The second set of genes, associated with coupled remodeling, had quantitatively higher expression in females and exhibited a broad peak between 3 to 12 months, concurrent with the animals' reproductive period. Results of phenome‐level structural assessments of the tibia and vertebrae, and in vivo and in vitro analysis of cells having osteogenic potential, were consistent with the existence of functionally unique, skeletogenic cell populations that are separately responsible for appositional growth and intramedullary functions. These data suggest that skeletal sexual dimorphism arises through sex‐specific, temporally different processes controlling morphometric growth and later coupled remodeling of the skeleton during the reproductive period of the animal. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Relationship between House Sanitation and Number of Bacterial in Bed Room with Pneumonia Case of Children Under Five Years Old in Kenjeran Sub District Surabaya

The number of pneumonia cases in children under five years found in Surabaya city in 2016 was 3,925 cases (40.89%). The number of pneumonia cases in children under five years in Kenjeran sub district was highers with 232 cases. This study was purposed to analyze the relationship between house sanitation and airborne bacterial number with pneumonia cases in children under five years old in the Kenjeran sub district, Surabaya. This study was designed as a case control study using 12 cases and 12 controls as the samplers. This research was conducted in Kenjeran sub district and took place from May to November 2017. Statistical test was using by chi square and multivariate logistic regression. The results of the study was that the cases of p neumonia in children under five years old were birth weight (p=0,01), nutritional status (p=0,01), sanitation house (p=0,03) and airborne bacterial number (p=0,01). Multivariate logistic regression test results showed that significant variables were nutritional status and airborne bacterial number. Nutritional status have the significance 0.04 (p <α) with OR=15,00. Airborne bacterial number have the significance 0.04 (p <α) with OR=15,00. The conclusion of this study is nutritional status and airborne bacterial number are associated with pneumonia under five years old. It is highly suggested to improve the quality of home health and child care.
Analysis of connection availability in optical networks with multi-failure assumption

Optical networks carry an increasing amount of traffic due to the rapid growth of IP and multimedia services. Therefore the impact of network failures on this traffic and thus user services is growing fast. In addition some network services are heavily dependent upon the availability of communication resources. Consequently, network operators have to deal with the steadily growing availability requirement. Thus, survivability mechanisms need to be provided in the networks to meet the connection availability requirement. There are several protection schemes that can be applied to improve connection availability in the network. Shared Path Protection (SPP) scheme is selected in this paper due to its efficiency in resource utilization. In many works the SPP scheme has been studied to solve a single failure problem. However, in large networks the occurrence of multiple concurrent failures cannot be neglected [1]-[3]. In this respect we studied the SPP scheme for mesh optical transport networks with multiple failure scenario and developed connection availability model with multiple failure assumption instead of traditional single failure assumption. In this paper we present the analytical model for connection availability in SPP mesh network with multiple failure assumption. Our model is more general than the traditional model adopted for single failure assumption and also is more general than the work for two protection paths. We also developed a simulator to evaluate our analytical model. The results show that the connection unavailability obtained by simulations is very close to the theoretical value, which approve that our algorithm is accurate.
Students' views on their education and the future

Today's students are tomorrow's civil engineers. If today's pace of change continues then they will face many new challenges. How do they prepare for an uncertain future? Along with industry, the professional bodies and academia, students are important stakeholders in the provision of civil engineering degree courses. It is right that their views should be known. Research was undertaken with civil engineering students from the final and penultimate years of the University of Bolton BSc(Hons) degree course using small discussion groups and mini focus groups. The results of this small-scale research are interesting and raise questions about, firstly, the immense benefits of practical experience for students undertaking degree courses and, secondly, the direction and management of the lifelong learning of all professional engineers (particularly in support of younger engineers). The key benefit of this work is the chance for policy makers to briefly see the world of civil engineering education through the ey.
Inter-sexual multimodal communication during mating in wild geladas: the leading role of females

Abstract Female primates can emit vocalizations associated with mating that can function as honest signals of fertility. Here, we investigated the role of mating calls and visual signals in female geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Because females have a central role in the gelada society and seem to solicit sexual interactions, we answered whether they emit vocalizations in conjunction with gazing to increase mating success probability. Before and during copulations, females can emit pre-copulation calls and copulation calls. For the first time, we identified a new female vocalization emitted at the final stage of copulations (end-copulation call), possibly marking the occurrence of ejaculation. We found that longer pre-copulation call sequences were followed by both prolonged copulations and the presence of end-copulation calls, thus suggesting that females use pre-copulation calls to ensure successful copula completion. Moreover, we found that different combinations of female vocal types and gazing had different effects on male vocal behavior and motivation to complete the copula. The analysis of the vocal and visual signals revealed a complex inter-sexual multimodal chattering with the leading role of females in the signal exchange. Such chattering, led by females, modulates male sexual arousal, thus increasing the probability of the copula success.
A robust and computationally efficient speech/music discriminator

A New method for discriminating between speech and music signals is introduced. The strategy is based on the extraction of four features, whose values are combined linearly into a unique parameter. This parameter is used to distinguish between the two kinds of signals. The method has achieved an accuracy superior to 99%, even for severely degraded and noisy signals. Moreover, the low dimensionality of the feature space, together with a very simple information-merging technique, has resulted in a remarkable robustness to new situations. The low computational complexity of the method makes it appropriate for applications that demand real-time operation. Finally excellent resolution for the segmentation of audio streams is achieved by manipulating the analyzed data properly.
Advancements in vehicular technology: potential implications for the older driver

Recent advancements in vehicular technology have the potential to prevent crashes by alerting drivers to dangers within their environment. For this technology to be effective, its operational demands must be congruent with the diverse visual, cognitive and motor abilities of the driving population, particularly the growing segment of older drivers. This paper reviews research findings pertaining to age-related changes in motor abilities as well as vision, attention, and information processing and their relationship to the safety and utility of in-vehicle telematics for older drivers. Based on this examination, the benefits of incorporating 'universal design' principles and human factors engineering in the development of this technology are discussed.
A study of adverse drug reactions and potential drug-drug interactions in the patients attending the Psychiatric Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: The objective of this study was to record and analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to psychotropic drugs and the potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) amongst different psychotropic drugs as well as pDDIs between psychotropic drugs and other co-prescribed drugs by using Medscape software (online). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in patients visiting the Psychiatric Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. Total 500 prescriptions were analysed for the ADRs and pDDIs. Results: Total 37 ADRs were observed in 32 (6.4%) patients. Antipsychotics was the most common group and olanzapine was the most common psychotropic drug suspected of causing ADRs. Tremors was the most common ADR observed. All of the ADRs were nonserious and were in a “Recovering” state when the data was collected. Total 1051 pDDIs were observed in all the 500 prescriptions surveyed, out of which 361 prescriptions were showing at least one pDDI. Conclusion: The overall incidence of ADRs was not very high (6.4%), which reiterates the judicious use of the drugs in the study setting. Majority of prescriptions had only 1-2 pDDIs per prescription.
Study of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid, Scopoletin Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Extract of Ripened Noni Juice

AbstractExtraction of ripened noni juice has been carried out using ethanol and water. The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenolic, total flavonoids, scopoletin, content and antioxidant activity of the ripened noni juice extract. The activity test was carried out on the ripened noni juice extract without and with the addition of ethanol and water solvent. The phytochemical assays of ethanol extract of the ripened noni juice showed that thetotal phenolic content was 3,94 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, the total flavonoids was 0,59 mg quercetin equivalent /g extract, the IC50 antioxidant activity was 24,92 mg/L, scopoletin content was 2,45 mg/gram.Keywords : Antioxidant, flavonoids, phenolic, ripened noni juice, scopoletin
The net generation are not big users of Web 2.0 technologies: Preliminary findings

Gregor Kennedy Biomedical Multimedia Unit, The University of Melbourne Barney Dalgarno, Faculty of Education, Charles Sturt University Kathleen Gray, Terry Judd, Jenny Waycott Biomedical Multimedia Unit, The University of Melbourne Susan Bennett Faculty of Education, University of Wollongong Karl Maton Faculty of Arts, University of Sydney Kerri-Lee Krause Griffith Institute for Higher Education, Griffith University Andrea Bishop School of Science and Technology, Charles Sturt University Rosemary Chang, Anna Churchward Biomedical Multimedia Unit, The University of Melbourne
Measuring the competitiveness of the UK construction industry. Volume 1

EBS’s estimates of relative productivity in construction are as follows: 1. The US is about 25-35% ahead of the UK and Germany in terms of average labour productivity (ALP). 2. The UK is ahead of Germany in ALP on an output per worker basis, but not on an output per hour worked basis (this is due to Germans working fewer hours per week on average). These results are largely unchanged under various sensitivity tests, for example, using GDP PPP exchange rates instead of construction PPP exchange rates to convert national currencies to a common currency. The EBS estimate for the US-UK comparison is supported by UCL/DL (who estimate a US lead in ALP of 42% in 1999). UCL/DL’s estimates for the Germany-UK comparison are also similar to those of EBS, since they show Germany level with the UK in ALP on an output per worker basis, but ahead on an output per hour worked basis. Productivity comparisons of the UK with France are subject to difficulties. Depending on the exchange rates they use for conversion purposes, EBS find that France is well ahead of Britain on some measures of ALP (and indeed is close to the US) but on other measures French ALP is much the same as in Britain. UCL/DL argue strongly for using an exchange rate, which shows French construction ALP to be well ahead of the UK. They state that: ‘The French construction PPPs have been controversial for some time…. [and tend to lead to] underestimates of French construction output’. There are difficulties in conducting this type of analysis that are hard to surmount, for example it is unlikely that labour inputs are well measured in any country because of illegal immigration, ‘ the hidden economy’, etc. However, unless there is reason to think that the proportion of uncounted construction workers is significantly higher or lower in Britain as compared to, say, the United States, then it seems reasonable to accept that ALP in the US construction industry is some way ahead of the UK. In many ways cross-country comparisons of productivity levels across the whole construction industry are not comparing like with like since the composition of construction output differs greatly from country to country. It is therefore hard to construct reliable national rankings based on aggregated data for construction given the present state of the data.