Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of lymphoma subtypes based on the latest World Health Organization classification in southern Iran from 2000 to 2011.

Background: Lymphoma, both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin, is one of the most common malignancies, with a distinct subtype distribution throughout the world. Methods: A total of 453 lymphoma cases, identified retrospectively from January 2000 to October 2011, were studied to identify the subtype distribution of lymphoma in our center, located in southern Iran, according to the latest WHO classification. Results: The most common sites of involvement of all lymphomas were extranodal (59.16%). The highest frequency of extranodal sites in all lymphoid neoplasms were associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (22.95%) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (10.15%). Of 453 cases, 23 (5.32%) were T and natural killer cell neoplasms, of which the most common subtypes were T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Conclusion: This study indicated that the subtype distribution of lymphoma (except for the higher prevalence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and lower rate of follicular lymphoma) in this part of Iran is similar to that in the Middle Eastern countries. Mature B cell neoplasms are less frequent compared with both western and far east Asian countries.
Structure‐function analysis of two closely related cutinases from Thermobifida cellulosilytica

Cutinases can play a significant role in a biotechnology‐based circular economy. However, relatively little is known about the structure–function relationship of these enzymes, knowledge that is vital to advance optimized, engineered enzyme candidates. Here, two almost identical cutinases from Thermobifida cellulosilytica DSM44535 (Thc_Cut1 and Thc_Cut2) with only 18 amino acids difference were used for a rigorous biochemical characterization of their ability to hydrolyze poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), PET‐model substrates, and cutin‐model substrates. Kinetic parameters were compared with detailed in silico docking studies of enzyme‐ligand interactions. The two enzymes interacted with, and hydrolyzed PET differently, with Thc_Cut1 generating smaller PET‐degradation products. Thc_Cut1 also showed higher catalytic efficiency on long‐chain aliphatic substrates, an effect likely caused by small changes in the binding architecture. Thc_Cut2, in contrast, showed improved binding and catalytic efficiency when approaching the glass transition temperature of PET, an effect likely caused by longer amino acid residues in one area at the enzyme's surface. Finally, the position of the single residue Q93 close to the active site, rotated out in Thc_Cut2, influenced the ligand position of a trimeric PET‐model substrate. In conclusion, we illustrate that even minor sequence differences in cutinases can affect their substrate binding, substrate specificity, and catalytic efficiency drastically.
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence by Community Survey and Residual Specimens, Denver, Colorado, July–August 2020

Objectives: The number of SARS-CoV-2 infections is underestimated in surveillance data. Various approaches to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have different resource requirements and generalizability. We estimated the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Denver County, Colorado, via a cluster-sampled community survey. Methods: We estimated the overall seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 via a community seroprevalence survey in Denver County in July 2020, described patterns associated with seroprevalence, and compared results with cumulative COVID-19 incidence as reported to the health department during the same period. In addition, we compared seroprevalence as assessed with a temporally and geographically concordant convenience sample of residual clinical specimens from a commercial laboratory. Results: Based on 404 specimens collected through the community survey, 8.0% (95% CI, 3.9%-15.7%) of Denver County residents had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, an infection rate of about 7 times that of the 1.1% cumulative reported COVID-19 incidence during this period. The estimated infection-to-reported case ratio was highest among children (34.7; 95% CI, 11.1-91.2) and males (10.8; 95% CI, 5.7-19.3). Seroprevalence was highest among males of Black race or Hispanic ethnicity and was associated with previous COVID-19–compatible illness, a previous positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and close contact with someone who had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Testing of 1598 residual clinical specimens yielded a seroprevalence of 6.8% (95% CI, 5.0%-9.2%); the difference between the 2 estimates was 1.2 percentage points (95% CI, −3.6 to 12.2 percentage points). Conclusions: Testing residual clinical specimens provided a similar seroprevalence estimate yet yielded limited insight into the local epidemiology of COVID-19 and might be less representative of the source population than a cluster-sampled community survey. Awareness of the limitations of various sampling strategies is necessary when interpreting findings from seroprevalence assessments.
Cancer Communication and User Engagement on Chinese Social Media: Content Analysis and Topic Modeling Study

Background Cancer ranks among the most serious public health challenges worldwide. In China—the world’s most populous country—about one-quarter of the population consists of people with cancer. Social media has become an important platform that the Chinese public uses to express opinions. Objective We investigated cancer-related discussions on the Chinese social media platform Weibo (Sina Corporation) to identify cancer topics that generate the highest levels of user engagement. Methods We conducted topic modeling and regression analyses to analyze and visualize cancer-related messages on Weibo and to examine the relationships between different cancer topics and user engagement (ie, the number of retweets, comments, and likes). Results Our results revealed that cancer communication on Weibo has generally focused on the following six topics: social support, cancer treatment, cancer prevention, women’s cancers, smoking and skin cancer, and other topics. Discussions about social support and cancer treatment attracted the highest number of users and received the greatest numbers of retweets, comments, and likes. Conclusions Our investigation of cancer-related communication on Weibo provides valuable insights into public concerns about cancer and can help guide the development of health campaigns in social media.
Blue Stream Collapse Test Program

The Blue Stream pipeline is a gas transmission line delivering natural gas from the Russian grid. across the Black Sea, to Turkey. The submarine portion of this pipeline consists of a pair of 24-inch diameter, 31.8 mm wall thickness, API grade X65 pipelines running almost 400 km along the floor of the Black Sea. Over one half of the submarine pipeline lies at a water depth of more than 2000 metres, with the deepest portion of the line reaching a depth of 2150 metres. First gas was supplied through the lines in February of 2003. There were numerous engineering obstacles facing this technically challenging pipeline undertaking. including a lack of heavy-wall, large diameter pipe experimental data to support the pipeline design. Recognizing this need, PeterGaz commissioned a collapse test program during the preliminary engineering phase of the project to generate these data and to gain a better understanding of pipe behavior under combined loading conditions. Numerous full-scale tests were performed on prototype pipe samples, including external pressure testing, combined external pressure and bend testing, and bend testing. Hundreds of material coupon tests were also performed to characterize material stress strain behavior around the circumference of the pipe, through the wall thickness of the pipe, and before and after UOE manufacturing. Tests were also performed to quantify the strength recovery of thermally treated pipe material resulting from the pipe coating process. This paper presents the results of this experimental work and provides some comparisons to collapse predictions.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
COVID-19 Severity in Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Objectives It is unclear how multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the severity of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to compare COVID-19–related outcomes collected in an Italian cohort of patients with MS with the outcomes expected in the age- and sex-matched Italian population. Methods Hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death after COVID-19 diagnosis of 1,362 patients with MS were compared with the age- and sex-matched Italian population in a retrospective observational case-cohort study with population-based control. The observed vs the expected events were compared in the whole MS cohort and in different subgroups (higher risk: Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score > 3 or at least 1 comorbidity, lower risk: EDSS score ≤ 3 and no comorbidities) by the χ2 test, and the risk excess was quantified by risk ratios (RRs). Results The risk of severe events was about twice the risk in the age- and sex-matched Italian population: RR = 2.12 for hospitalization (p < 0.001), RR = 2.19 for ICU admission (p < 0.001), and RR = 2.43 for death (p < 0.001). The excess of risk was confined to the higher-risk group (n = 553). In lower-risk patients (n = 809), the rate of events was close to that of the Italian age- and sex-matched population (RR = 1.12 for hospitalization, RR = 1.52 for ICU admission, and RR = 1.19 for death). In the lower-risk group, an increased hospitalization risk was detected in patients on anti-CD20 (RR = 3.03, p = 0.005), whereas a decrease was detected in patients on interferon (0 observed vs 4 expected events, p = 0.04). Discussion Overall, the MS cohort had a risk of severe events that is twice the risk than the age- and sex-matched Italian population. This excess of risk is mainly explained by the EDSS score and comorbidities, whereas a residual increase of hospitalization risk was observed in patients on anti-CD20 therapies and a decrease in people on interferon.
The effect of integrated product development on efficiency and innovation

This study tested the effect of integrated product development (IPD) on the efficiency and innovation displayed in new product development (NPD) projects. IPD refers to the overlap, parallel execution, and concurrent workflow of activities. More than 600 employees from 62 R&D projects in one large hi-tech electronics organisation participated in the study. The degree to which the projects had actual IPD, innovated and worked efficiently were measured using the organisation's data collection system and questionnaires. Analysis was conducted at the project level. Seven regression models, as well as multiple comparison tests, were applied. The findings suggest that IPD is positively associated with efficiency and negatively with innovation. However, the trade-off between efficiency and innovation in NPD projects can be balanced, if the IPD level of implementation is tailored to the NPD project stages. Specifically, to successfully complete an NPD project, the emphasis in early stages must be on innovation so.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testicular injuries in rats

ABSTRACT There are few treatment options, including the use of natural phenolics-based combination therapy for mitigating male infertility conditions associated with chemotherapy. Busulfan is an anti-cancer drug that leads to testicular problems in humans. Here, we studied the effect of co-treatment of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testis damage. Young adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected busulfan (4 mg/kg b.w), and then orally administered rutin (30 mg/kg b.w), and kolaviron (50 mg/kg b.w) alone and combined for 60 days. Results revealed that rutin and kolaviron alone or in combination reversed busulfan-induced increase in oxidative stress along with sperm quality of treated animals. However, kolaviron and rutin separately improved the concentrations of MDA and GSH and sperm quality more than when they were combined. Similarly, rutin and kolaviron separately or in combination preserved spermatogenesis and relieved busulfan-induced increase in nitric oxide concentration, myeloperoxidase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. Co-supplementation with kolaviron but not rutin nor when rutin was combined with kolaviron also improved the testicular level of tumor necrosis-alpha. Finally, the histological features in the testes caused by busulfan were reversed by rutin, whereas treatment with kolaviron alone or in combination with rutin partially protected the testis from busulfan-induced injury as demonstrated by the appearance of few germ cells, damaged tubules, loss of round spermatids and defoliation of the seminiferous epithelium. Thus, the combined treatment regimen of rutin and kolaviron sparingly prevented busulfan-induced testicular injuries in rats. Abbreviations: CAT: Catalase; GSH: Glutathione; 3β-HSD: 3β- hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis-alpha; BUS: Busulfan; RUT: Rutin; KV: Kolaviron; TBARS: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay; NAD: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (oxidized); ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species.
Can technology impact loneliness in dementia? A scoping review on the role of assistive technologies in delivering psychosocial interventions in long-term care

Abstract Purpose We aimed to identify assistive technologies that are promising for addressing loneliness in people living with dementia in long-term care. Materials and methods A scoping review was conducted. EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest were searched from 2000 to 2020. The included studies were selected by three independent researchers and summarised, compared, and categorized according to technology type. Publications were eligible for inclusion when they reported on psychosocial interventions aiming to reduce loneliness and/or social isolation in people with dementia in long-term care settings. Results Twenty-four papers were included (20 original research papers and four reviews). Most studies were conducted in Australia and Europe. The studies aimed to investigate two different types of assistive technology: social robots, and multimedia computer systems. Most studies focussed on behaviour, engagement, and mood as primary outcomes. Only one study directly aimed to alleviate loneliness. Conclusions Even though only one study addressed loneliness directly, it became clear that assistive technologies used to apply psychosocial interventions have the potential to impact loneliness in people with dementia in long-term care. However, it remains unclear why loneliness was not included as an outcome and how loneliness could become a key outcome in evaluating assistive technologies. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Loneliness among older adults is associated with health risks, such as the development of dementia, depression, and increased mortality. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) technologies have been studied to address loneliness for older adults; however people with dementia are often excluded from such studies. This diverse group of technologies is shown to have a promising impact on outcomes, such as social engagement, quality of life, and mood, but loneliness was studied less often. More research is needed to discover the potential of assistive technologies for people with dementia living in long-term care.
Who’s slipping through the cracks? A comprehensive individual, clinical and health system characterization of people with virological failure on first‐line HIV treatment in Uganda and South Africa

HIV virological failure remains a major threat to programme success in sub‐Saharan Africa. While HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and inadequate adherence are the main drivers of virological failure, the individual, clinical and health system characteristics that lead to poor outcomes are not well understood. The objective of this paper is to identify those characteristics among people failing first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Muscle magnetic resonance imaging in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1): Refining muscle involvement and implications for clinical trials

Only a few studies have reported muscle imaging data on small cohorts of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We aimed to investigate the muscle involvement in a large cohort of patients in order to refine the pattern of muscle involvement, to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle weakness, and to identify potential imaging biomarkers for disease activity and severity.
Integrative metabolomics‐genomics approach reveals key metabolic pathways and regulators of Alzheimer's disease

Metabolites, the biochemical products of the cellular process, can be used to measure alterations in biochemical pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and the pathogenesis of AD are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to identify AD‐specific metabolomic changes and their potential upstream genetic and transcriptional regulators through an integrative systems biology framework for analyzing genetic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and proteomic data in AD. Metabolite co‐expression network analysis of the blood metabolomic data in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) shows short‐chain acylcarnitines/amino acids and medium/long‐chain acylcarnitines are most associated with AD clinical outcomes, including episodic memory scores and disease severity. Integration of the gene expression data in both the blood from the ADNI and the brain from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Alzheimer's Disease (AMP‐AD) program reveals ABCA1 and CPT1A are involved in the regulation of acylcarnitines and amino acids in AD. Gene co‐expression network analysis of the AMP‐AD brain RNA‐seq data suggests the CPT1A‐ and ABCA1‐centered subnetworks are associated with neuronal system and immune response, respectively. Increased ABCA1 gene expression and adiponectin protein, a regulator of ABCA1, correspond to decreased short‐chain acylcarnitines and amines in AD in the ADNI. In summary, our integrated analysis of large‐scale multiomics data in AD systematically identifies novel metabolites and their potential regulators in AD and the findings pave a way for not only developing sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarkers for AD but also identifying novel molecular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.
Reply to letter from Drs. Piotr Kanclerz and Andrzej Grzybowski entitled “Glistenings might be associated with disability glare”

We thank Drs. Kanclerz and Grzybowski for their interest in our work. In our review,we extensively discussed the published literature pertaining to the effects of lens glistenings on visual function. We agree that forward light scatter from glistenings will cause reduced image contrast However, the key question is whether the forward light scatter is sufficient to cause disability glare. As noted by Drs Kanclerz and Grzybowski, laboratory models have demonstrated correlations between glistenings density and size and light scatter, including our own publication, but clinical studies reporting visual impairment with glistenings occurrence are in the minority and have limitations. Indeed, the retrospective cohort studyofHenriksen et al., referenced in the letter,was a small pilot study, lacking methodology relating to image acquisition and analysis, such as ambient illumination level and digital/analogue camera settings, and with glistenings quantification and analysis undertaken using operatordependent, general purpose, image processing software (‘ImageJ’). In addition, the authors stated themselves, that the study was underpowered to detect the true effect. Wewould like to directDrs.Kanclerz andGrzybowski to our recent paper, undertaken to further address such issues and which is referenced and discussed in the review. In a prospective methodology we evaluated forward light scatter in a cohort of patients with glistenings. Using a newly developed, defined, reproducible, standardized 8-point ordinal scale of glistenings density and an array of computerized visual function tests (Advanced Vision and Optometric Tests, City Occupational, London, UK), performed under strictly controlled ambient conditions and based on the same scientific principle as the C-Quant test (Oculus, Optigeräte, Germany), we found no association between glistening grades and visual function including straylight parameter or integrated straylight parameter. This study we feel further adds to the evidence that glistenings, unless present in extremely large amounts, have a minimal effect on visual performance in vivo. We do, however, recognise the limitations of light scatter testing that is currently available to undertake such in vivo investigations. In their study Colin and Orignac could only obtain valid results in about 50% of cases with the C-quant test This same test was used by Henriksen et al. although no mention was made in their paper of the percentage of successfully completed tests. It is of note that in our own study. approximately 20% of participants were not able to complete our light scatter test It must also be recognized that evaluation of glistenings themselves and their visual perturbations in vivo is much more challenging than in vitro. In our experience, the precise quantification of glistenings in vivo has proven difficult and dependent on multiple factors often not discussed in studies, such as ambient illumination, slit lamp parameters and image acquisition parameters.
Delayed angiopoietin‐2 blockade reduces influenza‐induced lung injury and improves survival in mice

Influenza remains a major cause of death and disability with limited treatment options. Studies of acute lung injury have identified angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) as a key prognostic marker and a potential mediator of Acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, the role of Ang‐2 in viral pneumonia remains poorly defined. This study characterized the time course of lung Ang‐2 expression in severe influenza pneumonia and tested the therapeutic potential of Ang‐2 inhibition. We inoculated adult mice with influenza A (PR8 strain) and measured angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1), Ang‐2, and Tie2 expressions during the evolution of inflammatory lung injury over the first 7 days post‐infection (dpi). We tested a peptide‐antibody inhibitor of Ang‐2, L1‐7, administered at 2, 4, and 6 dpi and measured arterial oxygen saturation, survival, pulmonary edema, inflammatory cytokines, and viral load. Finally, we infected primary human alveolar type II epithelial (AT2) cells grown in air‐liquid interface culture with influenza and measured Ang‐2 RNA expression. Influenza caused severe lung injury between 5 and 7 dpi in association with increased Ang‐2 lung RNA and a dramatic increase in Ang‐2 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage. Inhibition of Ang‐2 improved oxygenation and survival and reduced pulmonary edema and alveolar‐capillary barrier permeability to protein without major effects on inflammation or viral load. Finally, influenza increased the expression of Ang‐2 RNA in human AT2 cells. The increased Ang‐2 levels in the airspaces during severe influenza pneumonia and the improvement in clinically relevant outcomes after Ang‐2 antagonism suggest that the Ang‐1/Ang‐2 Tie‐2 signaling axis is a promising therapeutic target in influenza and potentially other causes of viral pneumonia.