Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING SDO/AIA OBSERVATIONS OF THE 2010 JUNE 13 EUV WAVE EVENT: DIRECT INSIGHT FROM A GLOBAL THERMODYNAMIC MHD SIMULATION

In this work, we present a comprehensive observation and modeling analysis of the 2010 June 13 extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Due to extreme advances in cadence, resolution, and bandpass coverage in the EUV regime, the AIA instrument offers an unprecedented ability to observe the dynamics of large-scale coronal wave-like transients known as EUV waves. To provide a physical analysis and further complement observational insight, we conduct a three-dimensional, time-dependent thermodynamic MHD simulation of the eruption and associated EUV wave, and employ forward modeling of EUV observables to compare the results directly observations. We focus on two main aspects: (1) the interpretation of the stark thermodynamic signatures in the multi-filter AIA data within the propagating EUV wave front, and (2) an in-depth analysis of the simulation results and their implication with respect to EUV wave theories. Multiple aspects, including the relative phases of perturbed variables, suggest that the outer, propagating component of the EUV transient exhibits the behavior of a fast-mode wave. We also find that this component becomes decoupled from the evolving structures associated with the coronal mass ejection that are also visible, providing a clear distinction between wave and non-wave mechanisms at play.
3D reconnection due to oblique modes: a simulation of Harris current sheets

Abstract. Simulations in three dimensions of a Harris current sheet with mass ratio, mi/me = 180, and current sheet thickness, pi/L = 0.5, suggest the existence of a linearly unstable oblique mode, which is independent from either the drift-kink or the tearing instability. The new oblique mode causes reconnection independently from the tearing mode. During the initial linear stage, the system is unstable to the tearing mode and the drift kink mode, with growth rates that are accurately described by existing linear theories. How-ever, oblique modes are also linearly unstable, but with smaller growth rates than either the tearing or the drift-kink mode. The non-linear stage is first reached by the drift-kink mode, which alters the initial equilibrium and leads to a change in the growth rates of the tearing and oblique modes. In the non-linear stage, the resulting changes in magnetic topology are incompatible with a pure tearing mode. The oblique mode is shown to introduce a helical structure into the magnetic field lines.
Nozzle-Geometry Effects on Upwind-Surface Properties of Turbulent Liquid Jets in Gaseous Crossflow

An experimental study to investigate the effect of nozzle length-to-diameter ratio and the inlet curvature on the surface properties of turbulent liquid jets in gaseous crossflow was carried out. Straight nozzles with length/diameter ratios of 10, 20, and 40 were used to generate turbulent liquid jets in gaseous crossflow. The radius of curvature ofthe nozzles used was 0.6,1.2, and 2.4. The present study was limited to small Ohnesorge number liquid jets (Oh 110). The diagnostics consisted of double-pulsed holographic microscopy and shadowgraphy. The measurements included liquid-jet surface properties, breakup location of the liquid column as a whole, and the breakup-regime transitions. The measurements were interpreted and correlated using phenomenological analyses. It was observed that the injector passage length plays a role in determining the breakup length and influences the characteristics of the jet upwind surface.
Spin canting and size effects in nanoparticles of nonstoichiometric cobalt ferrite

The magnetic properties of nonstoichiometric cobalt ferrite nanocrystals differing by their sizes were investigated by magnetic measurements and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy. We found that the spin-wave Bloch exponent increases with increasing particle size, in agreement with previous studies. Under a magnetic field of 7 T, we observed that the partial reorientation of the two ferrimagnetic Fe3+ sublattice magnetizations towards the field direction increases with increasing the particle size; we discuss the applicability of an intrinsic spin canting model as a function of the particle size. An evaluation of the relative amounts of cobalt and iron in each spinel site is given.
Ultraintense light filaments transmitted through clouds

We demonstrate that ultrashort and ultraintense light filaments survive their interaction with water droplets as large as 95 μm and that they are transmitted through water clouds having an optical thickness as high as 3.2 (transmission 5%). In contrast with linear optics, this remarkable transmission through optically dense media results from a dynamic energy balance between the quasisolitonic structure and the surrounding laser photon bath, which acts as an energy reservoir. Implications for free-space laser communications, remote sensing, and telemetry are discussed.
Hybrid artificial immune system in identification of room acoustic properties

The paper deals with an application of a hybrid artificial immune system (HAIS) to the identification problems. The HAIS is applied to identify complex impedances of room walls. This approach is based on the mechanism discovered in biological immune systems. The numerical example demonstrates that the method based on immune computation is an effective technique for solving computer aided in identification problem.
Marine geology of the Rockall Plateau and Trough

The Rockall Plateau is an extensive shallow water area located south of Iceland and west of the British Isles: it is separated from the British Isles by the 3000 m deep Rockall Trough. Rockall Island, composed of 52 ± 9 Ma aegirine-granite is the sole subaerial expression. The Rockall Plateau is interpreted as a continental fragment or microcontinent isolated during the sea floor spreading evolution of the North Atlantic Ocean. A geological reconnaissance of the Rockall Plateau and Trough has been made by using a 650 cm3 (40 in3) seismic reflexion profiling system, supplemented by sparker (8 kJ) profiles on Rockall Bank and arcer (60 kJ) profiles across the margin west of the British Isles. Stratigraphic interpretation of these profiles has been aided by deep sea drilling data, bottom sampling on Rockall Bank and by the relation between the various reflecting horizons and oceanic basement dated by oceanic magnetic anomaly identifications. Analysis of the microtopography of the area has given information on Post-Palaeogene sedimentation processes. Three major sedimentary basins are present in the area. The Hatton-Rockall Basin is developed in thinned continental crust on Rockall Plateau. The Rockall Trough is developed on continental crust and includes oceanic crust believed to have been generated in Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous time. The Porcupine Seabight may be developed on thinned continental crust. All three basins have a faulted basement and exhibit a history of progressive and/or intermittent subsidence. The subsidence phases correlate closely with estimated changes in sea-floor spreading rate. This correlation and the regional pattern of uplift and subsidence is discussed with reference to the effects of thermal subsidence and differential loading of the lithosphere beneath continental margins. Post Upper Eocene sedimentation throughout the area was characterized initially by widespread chert deposition and subsequently by differential deposition of Early Miocene to Recent oozes. The onset of widespread differential deposition in the Early Miocene indicates the present near bottom-circulation was established at this time and may be related to subsidence of the Iceland-Faeroes Ridge. The relation between differential deposition, topography and circulation is discussed in terms of flow around obstacles.
Sterilization of contaminated matter with an atmospheric pressure plasma

The primary methods now used to sterilize contaminated media (infectious waste, tools, liquids, .) are exposure to UV radiation, incineration, or autoclaving. These methods have recently raised public controversies concerning their environmental effects and other health issues. In an attempt to eliminate these drawbacks, new approaches based on different technologies are being investigated. Irradiation by electron beam is an example of such new sterilization means. This paper describes a new sterilization technique which has recently been developed at the Plasma Science Laboratory of the University of Tennessee. This technique involves the generation and use of a glow discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure. The fact that no pressurized or vacuum system is needed in this apparatus makes this sterilization method practical, economical, and technically very attractive. The plasma, in which the medium to be sterilized is immersed, is generated between two insulated metal plate electrodes powered by a low-frequency RF supply. Inside the plasma, the medium is constantly bombarded by charged particles, active free radicals, and radiation (including UV radiation). It is found that an exposure of a few minutes is sufficient to destroy the microorganisms living in the exposed medium, without damaging the medium itself.
Vacuum ultraviolet imagery of the Virgo cluster region. III : Diffuse far-ultraviolet radiation at high galactic latitudes

Far-ultraviolet radiation over a wide sky region of −110° 60° was observed by a rocket-borne two-dimensional imager in the wavelength around 150 nm. The background far-ultraviolet radiation from the Virgo cluster region was also observed in the pointing phase of the same rocket experiment. Contributions from several components, such as airglows, faint stars, or molecular hydrogen emission, to the observed radiation were examined, and the diffuse far-ultraviolet background radiation at high Galactic latitudes was derived.
Superfamily classification of nonstationary time series based on DFA scaling exponents

The superfamily phenomenon of time series with different dynamics can be characterized by the motif-rank patterns observed in the nearest-neighbor networks of the time series in phase space. However, the determinants of superfamily classification are unclear. We attack this problem by studying the influence of linear temporal correlations and multifractality using fractional Brownian motions and multifractal random walks. Numerical investigations unveil that the classification of a superfamily phenomenon is uniquely determined by the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) scaling exponent α of the time series. Only four motif patterns are observed in the simulated data, which are delimited by three DFA scaling exponents α ≃ 0.25, α ≃ 0.35 and α ≃ 0.45. The validity of the result is confirmed by stock market indices and turbulence velocity signals.
Inferences of deviatoric stress in actively deforming belts from simple physical models

Observations of temperatures and heat flux near major thrust zones indicate that in their deep levels shear stresses may exceed 50-100 MPa. Within strike-slip zones shear stresses in the lower lithosphere may also approach 50-100 MPa, though shear stresses in the upper crust of those regions are probably much lower. The relationship of tectonic style to surface elevation in the Andes and Tibet yields an estimate of about 5 x 1012 N m-1 for the force per unit length required to deform the lithosphere of these regions. This force per unit length is equivalent to an average shear stress of about 25 MPa through a lithosphere 100 km thick. The width-to-length ratios of active belts are consistent with deformation determined by the creep of the lower lithosphere rather than by friction on faults. The patterns of rotation of crustal blocks in western North America suggest that these blocks passively follow the deformation of a continuous substrate. The observations of deformation and the estimates of stress derived from them, both suggest that the upper continental crust is weak, relative to the lower parts of the lithosphere the deformation of which it follows passively. If this is so, determinations of stress in the upper crust may have only limited relevance to the deformation of the lithosphere as a whole.
The noise of BL Lacertae

Results are presented from an intensive optical and IR monitoring program of the flux and polarization characteristics of BL Lac. It is found that the polarization variations increase in amplitude with increasing time interval, and that the path traced out by the polarization vector in the Q-U plane is a random walk. In view of earlier measurements of BL Lac, the polarization fluctuations can be represented at low frequencies by the flat power spectrum of white noise, up to a frequency of 0.05 cycles/day. Above this frequency, the spectrum steepens to that of a random walk. A model for BL Lac suggested by the polarimetric noise can be constructed from independent sources of light with randomly oriented, strong polarization. Small random differences in spectral index from source to source could also explain the variable wavelength dependence of polarization.
Projection constants for $C(S)$ spaces with the separable projection property

It is shown that if n and k are positive integers and CQacnk) is the Banach space of continuous functions on the compact set 1(cowk)={cax is an ordinal, 0c_cwnk} then C(wvnk) E P'if and only if y _ 2n +1. This establishes the value of the projection constant for all C(S) spaces possessing the separable projection property.
Photothermal depth profiling: Analysis of reconstruction errors

The accuracy of photothermal depth profiling of the thermal conductivity profile of thermally inhomogeneous materials is discussed in detail. The reconstruction error is statistically analysed as a function of depth and noise, for different classes of profiles. The analysis is done in the framework of reconstructions obtained by a neural network approach, thermal wave backscattering theory and a method which is based on a statistical sampling of the chi-squared function in a restricted part of the profile space. The latter analysis yields confidence intervals for the reconstructions.
Electric field-induced magnetization reversal in a perpendicular-anisotropy CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junction

The electric field-induced ∼180° magnetization reversal is realized for a sputtered CoFeB/MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction with perpendicular magnetic easy axis in a static external magnetic field. Application of bias voltage with nanoseconds duration results in a temporal change of magnetic easy axis in the free layer CoFeB to in-plane, which induces precessional motion of magnetization in the free layer. The magnetization reversal takes place when the bias voltage pulse duration is adjusted to a half period of the precession. We show that the back and forth magnetization reversal can be observed by using successive application of half-period voltage pulses.
ABSORPTION CROSS SECTION OF GASEOUS ACETYLENE AT 85 K IN THE WAVELENGTH RANGE 110–155 nm

Absorption spectra and absorption cross sections of gaseous acetylene, C2H2, at 298 and 85 K were measured in the wavelength range 110–155 nm with a slit–jet system coupled to a synchrotron as a source of vacuum ultraviolet light. Using published spectral parameters of C2H2, we simulated the absorption profile for the Rydberg transition to state 4R0 in the range 124.6–125.1 nm, according to which the temperature of the jet-expanded sample at stagnation pressure 200 Torr is 85 ± 5 K. Our cross sections of C2H2 are applicable for determining properties sensitive to temperature for diagnostic work on Saturn and Titan.
Dynamic calibration of fast-response probes in low-pressure shock tubes

Shock tube flows resulting from the incomplete burst of the diaphragm are investigated in connection with the dynamic calibration of fast-response pressure probes. As a result of the partial opening of the diaphragm, pressure disturbances are observed past the shock wave and the measured total pressure profile deviates from the envisaged step signal required by the calibration process. Pressure oscillations are generated as the initially normal shock wave diffracts from the diaphragm's orifice and reflects on the shock tube walls, with the lowest local frequency roughly equal to the ratio of the sound speed in the perturbed region to the shock tube diameter. The energy integral of the perturbations decreases with increasing distance from the diaphragm, as the diffracted leading shock and downwind reflections coalesce into a single normal shock. A procedure is proposed to calibrate fast-response pressure probes downwind of a partially opened shock tube diaphragm.
Central representation of vowel duration

For all languages for which there are data, the durations of vowels (of the same category) vary directly with the degree of tongue and mandible excursion specific to their articulation. This fact suggests that the durations of qualitatively different vowels can be explained in terms of peripheral constraints on articulatory movements. It is believed, therefore, that the underlying control specifications for vowels differing both temporally and in displacement require actual control only of the latter parameter. An explicit articulatory model of vowel production consistent with this view [B. E. F. Lindblom, STL‐QPSR‐4 (KTH), 1–29 (1967)] accounts for systematic variation in time and displacement by varying only the magnitude of force applied to articulators. New measures of acoustic vowel duration, mandible excursion, and EMG from the anterior belly of digastric are reported for two normal adult English speakers repeating isolated nonsense monosyllables. These results show, as expected, that vowel duration.
Spectroscopic observations of Hα emission-line stars from Sanduleak & Stephenson's 1973 (SS73) list

We present spectroscopic observations of 33 emission line stars from the Sanduleak & Stephenson's (1973) list. This work is part of a program to investigate emission-line objects in the southern hemisphere whose nature is not well established in the literature. The objects were observed at two different spectral regions providing full coverage in the 3100–8700 A interval. In this paper we describe the main spectroscopic features and discuss the nature of the objects. It is proposed that 16 of them are Be stars, 5 are peculiar Be stars, 4 are T Tauri stars, 7 are M-type stars with emission-lines and 1 is a Herbig object.
Theory of the electric polarization in crystals

Abstract Contrary to common textbook statements, the macroscopic electric polarization of a crystal cannot be unambiguously defined as the dipole of a unit cell. The only measurable quantities are either derivatives of the polarization (dielectric susceptibility, Born effective charges, piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity) or finite differences (ferroelectricity). The differential concept is a basic one in theoretical work too. I sketch here the basic theory and the state of the art in its implementation to real materials, both for induced and spontaneous polarization; for the latter case, I also propose a novel approach.
A Row Generation Scheme for Finding a Multi-Commodity Minimum Disconnecting Set

The multi-commodity minimum disconnecting set in a given network is of considerable interest in military operations. The present known methods of finding the multi-commodity minimum disconnecting set consist of implicit enumeration techniques or techniques which involve the solution of several specially structured linear integer programs known as set-covering problems. In this paper we present an efficient method of finding the multi-commodity minimum disconnecting set by solving a single set-covering problem. Extensions and computational experience are also discussed.
Numerical verification of the similarity laws for the formation of laminar vortex rings

From analytical investigations it is well known that the roll-up of an inviscid plane vortex sheet which separates at the edge of a body is a self-similar process which can be described by scaling laws. Unlike plane vortices, ring vortices have a curved rotational axis. For this special vortex type experimental investigations as well as calculations in the literature suggest that the scaling laws are only partially valid. The main goal of this work is to clarify how far these similarity or scaling laws are also valid for the formation of viscid laminar vortex rings. Therefore, the formation process of laminar vortex rings was investigated numerically using a CFD (computational-fluid-dynamics) code. The calculations refer to an experimental setup for which detailed experimental data are available in the literature. In this setup, laminar ring vortices are generated by ejecting water from a circular tube into a quiescent environment by means of a piston. First, a case based on a constant piston velocity was investigated. Comparing calculated and measured data yields a very good agreement. Further calculations were made when forcing the velocity of the piston by three different time-dependent functions. The results of these calculations show that the formation laws for inviscid plane vortices are also valid for the formation process of viscid ring vortices. This applies to the normalized axial and radial position of the vortex centre as well as the normalized diameter of the vortex spiral. However, the similarity laws are valid only if the process is considered in a special frame of reference which moves in conjunction with the front of the jet and if the starting time of the formation process with respect to the starting time of the ejection is taken into account. Additionally, the formation of a ring vortex, which occurs during the start-up process of a free jet flow, was calculated. The results confirm a dependence for the motion of the jet front, which is known from analytical considerations and allows some interesting features to be identified.
Graphite Interplanar Bonding: Electronic Delocalization and van der Waals Interaction

The weak interplanar bonding in graphite is studied in the DFT formalism. The decomposition of the cohesive energy in its kinetic, electrostatic and exchange-correlation parts, coupled with the analysis of charge transfer, reveal an interplay between electronic delocalization and van der Waals contributions to the bonding. Without the latter, the interplanar cohesive energy would be at least 8.4 meV/atom (instead of 20 meV/atom). The delocalization explains why AB-stacking is favoured with respect to the AA-stacking and should appear in the intermolecular bonding of solid C60 and in nanotubes bundles.
A scalar form of the complementary mild-slope equation

Mild-slope (MS) type equations are depth-integrated models, which predict under appropriate conditions refraction and diffraction of linear time-harmonic water waves. Among these equations, the complementary mild-slope equation (CMSE) was shown to give better agreement with exact two-dimensional linear theory compared to other MS-type equations. Nevertheless, it has a disadvantage of being a vector equation, i.e. it requires solving a system of two coupled partial differential equations. In addition, for three-dimensional problems, there is a difficulty in constructing the additional boundary condition needed for the solution. In the present work, it is shown how the vector CMSE can be transformed into an equivalent scalar equation using a pseudo-potential formulation. The pseudo-potential mild-slope equation (PMSE) preserves the accuracy of the CMSE while avoiding the need of an additional boundary condition. Furthermore, the PMSE significantly reduces the computational effort relative to the CMSE, since it is a scalar equation. The accuracy of the new model was tested numerically by comparing it to laboratory data and analytical solutions.