Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORIGINAL THE ERGOGENIC EFFECT OF SODIUM PHOSPHATE INTAKE ON PHYSICALLY ACTIVE SUBJECTS EFECTO ERGOGÉNICO DE LA INGESTA DE FOSFATO SÓDICO EN SUJETOS FÍSICAMENTE ACTIVOS

This study aims to evaluate the effects of short-term sodium phosphate intake upon body composition, haemogram, maximal ergospirometer parameters and submaximal ones in the maximal fat oxidation zone (Fatmax). 20 active subjects participated in this study randomly divided into two groups: The experimental group which ingested sodium phosphate for 7 days (50 mg/kg lean mass) and the placebo group. Both performed an incremental maximal cycle ergo meter test following the Fatmax protocol, body composition assessment and blood
Evaluation of vaccination and diet for the control of Serpulina pilosicoli infection (porcine intestinal spirochaetosis)

Porcine intestinal spirochaetosis (PIS) is a diarrhoeal disease of weaners and growers, associated with a mild colitis. Control of the aetiological agent, Serpulina pilosicoli, has relied mainly on the use of antimicrobial agents. In contrast, besides the use of antimicrobials and appropriate management practices, it is our experience that the closely related Serpulina hyodysenteriae (the agent of swine dysentery) can also be partially controlled by bacterin vaccines (1), whilst experimentally-infected pigs totally resist challenge if fed a diet based on cooked white rice and animal protein (4, 5). This diet results in reduced microbial fermentation in the large intestine, and it appears that these conditions inhibit colonisation by the spirochaete. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the use of a bacterin vaccine or a rice-based diet could similarly inhibit colonisation by S. pilosicoli.
Expanding a dairy business affects business and financial risk

Australia’s dairy farmers have expanded the size of their businesses in response to rising costs and falling prices. Dairy farmers pursuing increases in wealth encounter a greater risk associated with increased size, complexity and output. It is the consequences of risk that matter. Risk in a farm business can be partitioned into either business risk or financial risk. Previous research on changes to farm systems has primarily focussed on the impact of business risk, with less regard for financial risk. Our analysis has shown that expanding a farm business is likely to increase financial risk more than business risk. Before committing to the decision to expand their businesses, dairy farmers have control over the amount they borrow and, thus, some control over the exposure of their businesses to additional financial risk. Knowing the extra risk associated with extra debt is additional information that contributes to more informed decisions. In this research, an approach to assessing the change in business and financial risk associated with different expansion options is demonstrated.
Na+,K+-ATPase in the gut of larvae of the zygopteran, Ischnura elegans, and the anisoptera, Libellula lydia, (Odonata) : Activity and immunocytochemical localization

Saber Khodabandeh (2006) Na + ,K + -ATPase in the gut of larvae of the zygopteran, Ischnura elegans, and the anisoptera, Libellula lydia, (Odonata): activity and immunocytochemical localization. Zoological Studies 45(4): 510-516. Na + ,K + -ATPase activity and immunolocalization were demonstrated in the gut of Ischnura elegans and Libellula lydia larvae. Localization was performed through immunofluorescence light microscopy using the lgGα 5 mouse monoclonal antibody. The Na + ,K + -ATPase activity was significantly higher in the hindgut than in the foregut-midgut in both species. In /. elegans, Na + ,K + -ATPase activities were 29.44 and 5.12 μM Pi/mg/protein/h in the hindgut and foregut-midgut, while in L. lydia, the activities were 16.24 and 1.98 μM Pi/mg/protein/h in the hindgut and foregut-midgut, respectively. No specific fluorescence staining was observed in the cells of the foregut or midgut regions in either species. Na + ,K + -ATPase was found in the malpighian tubules and rectal pad epithelium in I. elegans, and in the epithelium of the basal pads of the rectal gill lamellae in L. lydia. A consistently high immunoreactivity was observed in the sides of the lumen of malpighian tubule cells, and a positive and strong fluorescence signal was found in the basolateral sides of the pads of epithelium cells. These findings show that as in crustaceans, this antibody is useful for locating of Na + ,K + -ATPase and ionocytes in insect osmoregulatory tissues. A high concentration of Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in these tissues confirms their participation in osmoregulation through active ion exchange.
Spatial and temporal patterns in the bycatch of seabirds in the Argentinian longline fishery

Longline fisheries have grown throughout the world’s oceans for more than 40 years. This type of fisheries has captured high-quality fish (mature individuals rather than unwanted juveniles), has had minimal destructive effects on bottom habitats, and has produced a low bycatch of nontargeted fish (Brothers et al., 1999). Seabirds, however, are hooked accidentally when they swallow or are snagged on the baited hooks set by commercial longline crews (Brothers, 1991; Barnes et al., 1997; Tasker et al., 2000; Belda and Sanchez 2001; Jahncke et al., 2001
Optimization of acidic hydrolysis conditions of rice husk for fermentable sugar production

ABSTRACT Lignocellulosic biomass (LSB) is the most abundantly available renewable source in the world. Rice husk (RH) is also one of the LSB. In this study, the optimization of dilute acid hydrolysis conditions of RH by using one-factor-at-a-time method was performed. The optimum hydrolysis conditions of RH were determined as 131.04°C, 1:10.28 (w/v) of solid:liquid ratio, 1.47% (w/v) of acid ratio and 24.05 min, which yielded as 25.52 g/L of fermentable sugar concentration. Furthermore, the chemical composition of hydrolysate was also examined and the levels of phenolics, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), acetate, glucose, and fructose+xylose were found as 0.89, 0, 3.27, 2.10, and 13.80 g/L, respectively. Accordingly, RH can be utilized as a favorable feedstock for the production of value-added products.
Listeria Species in Commercially Broken Raw Liquid Whole Egg 1, 2.

Commercially broken raw liquid whole egg (LWE) was obtained from 11 processing establishments across the United States on 3 or 4 occasions over an eight-month period. The samples were evaluated for the presence of Listeria species by the FDA, USDA, and cold enrichment procedures. Forty-five Listeria isolates were obtained from 15 of 42 (36%) egg samples. Both the USDA and FDA methods were useful for isolation of Listeria species, resulting in 12 and 8 positive samples, respectively. Six samples were positive by both procedures. Listeria was isolated from one sample by cold enrichment. The most frequently isolated species was L. innocua , which was found in all (15) of the listeriae-positive samples. L. monocytogenes was the only other species isolated and was obtained from 5% (2) of the egg samples. The USDA and FDA procedures each yielded one L. monocytogenes -positive sample. The two L. monocytogenes -positive samples contained estimated populations of 1 and 8 CFU L. monocytogenes /ml and were obtained from the same plant during the spring and early summer sampling times. Twelve (80%) of the 15 Listeria -positive samples were solids-adjusted LWE. Thus, Listeria species, including the psychrotrophic pathogen L. monocytogenes , are present in commercially broken raw LWE.
Effect of Laccase and Xylanase Enzyme Treatment on Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber

ABSTRACT This work analyses the effect of Laccase and Xylanase enzyme treatment on chemical and mechanical properties of banana fiber. Properties such as chemical composition, density, tensile strength, and color were analyzed. The removal of lignin increased with increase in enzymes concentration. Lignin removal was observed to be higher for Laccase treatment. The hemicellulose removal was higher for Xylanase treatment and the results were confirmed by FTIR spectrum. It is evident that cellulose%, density and tensile strength increased up to 15% enzyme treatment concentration and then started declining at 20% enzyme concentration in the case of both enzymes, whereas the moisture regain percentage of the fiber decreased with increase in enzyme concentration. The effects of enzymatic treatments are clearly visible in the SEM images.
Reciprocal regulation of Myc and microRNA mir-308 during Drosophila embryogenesis

KAVEH DANESHVAR. Reciprocal regulation of Myc and microRNA miR-308 during Drosophila embryogenesis. (Under the direction of DR. CHRISTINE RICHARDSON) Myc is a conserved transcription factor with a role in the regulation of genes that are involved in growth and development. The abundance of Myc protein in the cells must be exquisitely controlled to avoid growth abnormalities caused by too much or too little Myc. An intriguing mode of regulation exists in which overabundance of Myc protein triggers a negative feedback regulation that leads to its abundance. In this study, I illustrate a mechanism for dMyc negative feedback regulation in Drosophila embryogenesis. I show that Drosophila Myc protein (dMyc) binds to the microRNA miR-308 locus and increases its expression. An increase in miR-308 levels leads to destabilization of dMyc mRNA and reduced dMyc protein levels. In vivo knockdown of miR-308 confirmed constant regulation of dMyc levels by miR-308 in embryos. My results also show that this regulatory loop is crucial for maintaining appropriate dMyc levels and normal development. Perturbation of the loop, either by elevated miR-308 or elevated dMyc, caused lethality. Combining elevated levels of both, therefore restoring balance between mir-308 and dMyc levels, resulted in suppression of lethality. These results reveal a sensitive feedback mechanism that is crucial to prevent the pathologies caused by abnormal levels of dMyc. Moreover, I show that the cross-regulation of dMyc and miR-308 has a role in regulation of dMyc target genes. In the second part of this study, I show that dMyc localizes in histone locus bodies during replication. The work that I describe here began with an observation of
Fish assemblages in small streams in western Spain : the influence of an introduced predator

The fish assemblages inhabiting several small streams in the lower part of the Esla river basin, showed marked differences between points where pike, here an introduced species, occurred and those where it was still absent. These changes were great reductions in total fish abundance and species richness, and their intensity was leveled according to pike dispersion patterns. Interspecific differences in the sensitivity to pike were also apparent
Legume Cover Crops for Improving Crop and Soil Management in the Southern United States

Legumes were an important component of crop rotations in the southern United States before World War II. In the post-war years, however, inexpensive and abundant fertilizer N diminished the role of N-fixing plants in cropping systems. There has been little research since 1960 on winter legumes in terms of their contribution to soil and crop management. Recent escalated costs of fertilizer N manufacture and concern over soil erosion has renewed interest in legumes and their role in cropping systems. Winter legume cover crops may provide significant quantities of fixed N while conserving soil and water resources and sustaining or improving soil productivity. This review presents both old and new information on the role of legumes in improving soil and crop management, particularly in the southern United States.
Traditional and modern breeding methods of Triticum aestivum L. in the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat

У Миронівському інституті пшениці імені В. М. Ремесла під час створення сортів Triticum aestivum L. в основу класичного методу гібридизації покладено міжсортові схрещування. Добір батьківських пар здійснюють за еколого-географічним принципом. Широко використовують схрещування відселектованих за окремими адаптивними ознаками ліній між собою та із сортами місцевої селекції. Одним з основних чинників еволюційного процесу є метод індукованого мутагенезу, який у сотні разів збільшує частоту появи змінених форм. Термічний мутагенез – добір озимих форм з ярих сортів – базується на дії низьких температур на сорти пшениці ярої (розробив академік В. М. Ремесло). Метод внутрішньосортових доборів у селекції пшениці озимої передбачає створення нових сортів цієї культури шляхом масового добору кращих рослин з місцевих популяцій. На цей час 10 сортів пшениці озимої внесено до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширення в Україні, один – до Державного реєстру селекційних досягнень Російської Федерації, 7 – проходять державне сортовипробування в цих країнах.
TO STUDY THE INHERITANCE PATTERN AND ALLELIC INTERACTIONS OF THE TWO RESISTANT VERIETIES ABHAYA AND JHITPITI FOR THE GALL MIDGE

The present study was carried out at the Research and Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.), India; during kharif 2007, rabi 2007-08 and kharif 2008. The experimental material consisted of parents, F 1 and F 2 of the each crosses (i.e. Abhaya x Swarna and Jhitpiti x Swarna, respectively), the crosses between F 1 's (Abhaya x Swarna // Jhitpiti x Swarna) and F 2 recombinant population of this cross. The experimental material consisted of Abhaya and Jhitpiti gall midge resistant varieties along with one ergonomically superior but gall midge susceptible variety i.e., Swarna. The screening test revealed that Abhaya and Jhitpiti varieties were resistant against gall midge, whereas Swarna was susceptible. Inheritance study reported the presence of single dominant gene for gall midge resistance in Abhaya and Jhitpiti. Allelic studies revealed the ratio 15 R: 1 S indicated that the gene governing resistance in Abhaya and Jhitpiti were independent resistant genes.
The response of sub‐Mediterranean grasslands to rainfall variation is influenced by early season precipitation

Question Climate change will likely modify patterns of precipitation, with an expected increase in intra-annual variability and increased frequency and magnitude of extreme events. The Mediterranean area is expected to be very sensitive to such events because water availability is already limited. However, the effect of precipitation variability on ecosystem services, such as plant productivity, is little known. What is the short-term effect of an experimental precipitation gradient on above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) of two contrasting sub-Mediterranean grassland ecosystems? How does early season precipitation, i.e. dry or wet spring, influence ANPP? Do the functional groups of grasses and forbs differ in their response? Location Torricchio Nature Reserve, Central Apennines, Italy. Methods We selected two grasslands characterized by contrasting geophysical and soil chemical parameters (north- and south-facing slopes). In both sites, during two climatically different years, mid-season (summer) precipitation was manipulated in order to obtain a gradient of rainfall availability, comprising additional rainfall, ambient rainfall conditions and rainfall reduction. The above-ground biomass, subdivided according to the functional groups of forbs and grasses, was collected at the end of each treatment period. Results A significant increase in ANPP due to experimental increase in summer rainfall appeared in the year with the wet spring, but only in the mesic north-facing slope. This response was driven by the increased productivity of perennial forbs, while grasses showed stable above-ground production. In contrast, in the year with the dry spring, ANPP did not respond to the experimental rainfall gradient, meaning that a dry spring leads to lower ANPP even under increased summer rainfall. The variability of ANPP increased significantly in the xeric south-facing slope in the year with the wet spring, most likely reflecting indirect effects of small-scale heterogeneity such as variations in soil depth. Conclusions Intra-annual precipitation variation can have noticeable implications for sub-Mediterranean montane grassland agriculture: to avoid degradation due to overgrazing, livestock pressure should be limited in years with a spring drought, regardless of summer precipitation, especially in mesic grasslands.
The effect of increasing seagrass root complexity and redox potential on the population of Pillucina vietnamica (Bivalvia: Lucinidae) in southwestern Thailand

ABSTRACT It is well known that seagrasses provide habitat to many bivalves. Pillucina vietnamica is the dominant bivalve (> 4000 inds m−2) in seagrass beds at the Haad Chao Mai National Park, Thailand, where seagrasses are abundant and diverse. This study aimed to determine the relationship of root, rhizome and redox potential to the P. vietnamica population. The study was performed using patches of three seagrass species (Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata), which have different root morphologies and occur in both mono- and multi-specific stands as well as adjacent to areas of bare sand. The results showed that, within the vegetated areas, the abundance of P. vietnamica increased with increased root complexity and redox potential. A high abundance of P. vietnamica was found in patches of the branched root species, C. rotundata, suggesting that the root mats of this species was a preferred habitat for bivalves by providing a complex habitat and sufficient oxygen levels. The size class frequency of the bivalves differed between seasons. They were smaller and distributed bimodally in the summer but were larger and distributed unimodally in the monsoon month, suggesting a shift from the juvenile stage to the mature stage.
Lichens on burnt wood in Estonia: a preliminary assessment

According to available published, herbarium and recent inventory data at least 48 (and potentially over 80) species of lichenized and allied fungi can inhabit burnt areas and/or charred wood in Estonia. Most of these are widespread epiphytes and terrestrial lichens but the list also includes all five species considered 'fire-dependent' in Fennoscandia. Future studies should assess the specificity of species for charred wood, and analyse the features that make it a quality habitat for lichen species. Kokkuvote: Samblikud polenud puidul Eestis: esialgne hinnang Avaldatud, hiljutiste inventuuride ja herbaariumi andmete pohjal tehti kindlaks, et polendikke, polenud kasvupindu ja/voi soestunud puitu voib Eestis asustada vahemalt 48 (potentsiaalselt ule 80) lihheniseerunud ja neile lahedase seene liiki. Enamik neist on laialt levinud puudel ja maapinnal kasvavad samblikud, kuid nimekiri sisaldab ka viit Fennoskandias "polengust soltuvaks" peetavat liiki. Edasised uuringud on vajalikud, et hinnata, millised liigid vajavad kasvupinnana soestunud puitu ning selgitada omadusi, mis muudavad antud kasvupinna samblikele vaartuslikuks.
Expression Level of FUT1 Gene in Different Pig Populations and its Relationship with ETEC F18 Resistance

F18-fimbriated Escherichia coli are associated with porcine post weaning diarrhea and edema disease. Some pigs show inherent resistance to F18 ETEC infection and this is associated with a G/A mutation at position M307 of the alpha (1,2)- fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene. Pigs with genotype AA are resistant to ETEC F18 and pigs with genotype GG or AG are susceptible to ETEC F18 infection. So the M307 of FUT1 gene has been proposed as a genetic marker to distinguish the E. coli F18 resistant from susceptible phenotypes in some imported pigs. The objective of this study was to investigate the different expression levels of FUT1 among Yorkshire, Meishan, and E. coli F18-resistant Sutai groups, especially in Meishan. The results showed that FUT1 was expressed consistently in 11 tissues in the three populations, with relatively high level in the lungs, stomach and gastrointestinal tract. The expression was highest in E. coli F18- resistant Sutai pigs, followed by Yorkshire and Meishan. Considering that the biological processes and pathways FUT1 gene involved in was related to glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, we can speculate that higher expression of FUT1 in jejunum and duodenum is beneficial to the formation of receptors to E. coli F18. Besides, Meishan piglets may have its characteristic immune system for the infection of E. coli F18.
Contrasting seed storage behaviour among different species of Meliaceae

Seeds of six species of Meliaceae were tested for germination following desiccation and subsequent hermetic storage for up to 26 months in different environments. Seeds of both Aglaia clarkii and Sandoricum koetjape were very sensitive to desiccation; no seeds survived desiccation to 20% moisture content or below. In contrast, stones of Melia azedarach survived desiccation to 3.5% moisture content and viability was maintained during 26 months' subsequent hermetic storage in 14 of the 15 environments which combined factorially five stone moisture contents between 3.5 and 11.7% with three temperatures between -20 °C and 10 °C, the exception being that environment which provided the highest moisture content and temperature (i.e 10 °C with 11.7% moisture content) in which loss in viability was considerable. Seeds of Azadirachta indica tolerated desiccation to moisture contents in equilibrium at 20 °C with 30-55% r.h. depending on seed lot, and a considerable proportion of seeds survived further desiccation to moisture contents in equilibrium with 6.5 to 30% r.h. Seeds of Swietenia macrophylla and Khaya senegalensis were more tolerant of desiccation than those of Azadirachta indica, but some loss in viability was detected on desiccation to moisture contents in equilibrium with 17% r.h. Moreover, the longevity of all three species in hermetic air-dry storage was shorter at cooler (-20 °C and 0 °C) than at warmer (10 °C) temperatures. We conclude that Aglaia clarkii and Sandoricum koetjape show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour, while Melia azedarach shows orthodox seed storage behaviour, but that Azadirachta indica, Khaya senegalensis and Swietenia macrophylla show intermediate seed storage behaviour. We illustrate how combining information on four criteria (seed weight, shape, moisture content at maturity, and plant ecology) may provide a guide to likely seed storage behaviour in Meliaceae.
Characterization and In vitro antifungal potential of Rosmarinus officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on phytopathogen Colletotrichum sp.

Antifungal activities of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) essential oils evaluated, suppressed the mycelial growth of postharvest pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sp. The result obtained with the Agar well diffusion method at 75% and 100% concentration of the essential oil were negligible, with the Agar incorporation method the essential oils had effect on the fungus. Eucalyptus essential oil having the highest inhibition of 100% on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp followed by Rosemary essential oil which had 95.24% inhibition on the growth of the fungus Colletotrichum sp, The GC-MS analysis result of the essential oils shows that in Rosemary: Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole) (32.83%) and Camphor (24.17%) are the main constituents and in Eucalyptus: Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole) (26.67%) and Terpinen-4-ol (25.08%) are the main constituents, which could be responsible for the antifungal activities of the different essential oils. These essential oils could be used as possible biofungicides as an alternative to synthetic fungicides against pathogenic fungi on tomato fruits.