Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Low-Volatility Diacyl Peroxides as a Nucleating Agent and Major Component of Aerosol Formed from Reactions of O3 with Cyclohexene and Homologous Compounds

Reactions of cyclic alkenes and O3 are known to form significant quantities of aerosol, but the chemical mechanism and complete identity of the products has not been established. In this study, a thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer is used to investigate the ozonolysis of cyclohexene and some of its structural homologues, including cyclopentene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene, in humid air. Dicarboxylic acids, which are the lowest volatility compounds previously identified in aerosol formed from this reaction, are also observed here. But in addition, the thermal desorption behavior of the aerosol indicates that compounds less volatile than dicarboxylic acids are present. On the basis of mass spectra and desorption behavior of the aerosol and standard compounds, and chemical probe experiments, it is proposed that these compounds are diacyl peroxides. A reaction mechanism is presented to explain the formation of diacyl peroxides, as well as dicarboxylic acids. These results may have important .
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON FOLIAR NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN GINKGO SEEDLINGS

A fertilization experiment was established in three-year-old ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) seedlings in central Korea. Four levels of nitrogen (N) in the form of ammonium sulfate were applied. Foliar nutrient concentrations were similar to those reported for angiosperms. Application of N fertilizer increased foliar N, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Foliar N, phosphorus (P), and K concentrations decreased through foliage senescence whereas Ca and Mg concentrations increased. During autumn 25–45% of N, 30–75% of P, and 28–55% of K from foliage were retranslocated, respectively. Nitrogen and K retranslocation decreased after fertilization while P retranslocation increased. Senescent foliar Ca and Mg concentrations increased by 205–526% and 93–160%, respectively, and the ratio increased after fertilization. However, there were no consistent patterns in foliar nutrient retranslocation with the levels of N fertilization. Ginkgo seedlings showed high foliar nutrient concentrations and relatively low nutrient retranslocation compared to other gymnosperms.
Low Carbohydrate Lifestyle Reduces Significantly Insulin Need in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

A low carbohydrate diet is suggested to be effective in type 2 diabetes to reduce or stop glucose lowering medication. To prove the effectiveness of this dietary change, a low carbohydrate diet was studied in patients with type 2 diabetes on the amount of insulin, HbA1c values and weight loss. Methods An observational study in one dietitian practice on the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, all on an insulin regimen, with a low carbohydrate diet. Two HbA1c values prior to, and after six months of the dietary intervention were measured. All patients received a dietary advice to consume 30 grams carbohydrates per day in a day menu schedule. Patients visited the outpatient clinic to discuss their results, experiences, and questions. The online treatment group received feedback every week and extra support per mail. Results We included 37 overweight type 2 diabetes patients on insulin treatment and evaluated 35 patients after 6 months. The consumption of carbohydrates was 31±10 grams per day. Insulin use was reduced significantly (p<0.001) from 62.6±46.4 IU to 1.4±6.4 IU per day. For 92% of the participants, insulin injections could be stopped completely. Patients lost a mean of 13.3±6.3 kg of weight and the mean HbA1c level declined from 63.4±11.0mmol/mol to 56.9±13.0mmol/mol (p<0.001). Conclusion A low carbohydrate dietary lifestyle is effective in improving HbA1c and weight loss and leads to a significant reduction of insulin need.
Non-Linearity Effect of Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Panel ASEAN-4 Countries

The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of energy consumption on economic growth in ASEAN-4 countries as a whole. In addition, the effect of the non-linearity of the relationship between energy consumption and growth is examined using Threshold Analysis method for the period of 1980 to 2014. Empirical findings indicate that energy consumption has significant positive impact on economic growth in ASEAN-4 countries in the long-run. Furthermore, the non-linearity results show that the impact of the energy consumption on growth become greater when the energy consumption is above the threshold level. This implies that more usage of energy may contribute to the economic growth.
Comparison of physicochemical and functional properties of cassava starch extracted from fresh root and dry chips

Starch was extracted from dry chips of three varieties of cassava using wet milling and dry milling methods. The physicochemical and functional properties were compared with those from fresh root. The starch obtained exhibited lower peak viscosities, breakdowns and setbacks, and higher pasting and peak temperatures than that from fresh root. Most thermal properties (onset and peak temperatures of gelatinization and retrogradation; conclusion temperatures, enthalpies and peak height indices of retrogradation; and degree of retrogradation) were found to be higher than those of fresh-root starch. Moreover, swelling power, paste clarity and freeze-thaw stability of the former were inferior to those of the latter. Both types of starches exhibited increased rate of syneresis with increase in freeze-thaw cycles. Differences observed in properties of starches derived from dry chips by wet and dry millings were very minimal. No indication of major change in granule structure was noted for dry-chip starch that would alter the properties relative to fresh root starch. Higher fiber content and annealing due to exposure to heat and moisture of the former accounted for most of the variations of properties as compared to the latter. With the advanced technology used in starch manufacturing industry today it would be possible to obtain starch from dry chips with similar quality from fresh root. This would enable the industry to overcome the cycle of glut and low season, and allow them to remain open for longer period of time in a year.
Factor Affecting Adoption of E-Wallet in Sarawak

E-wallet was an innovative payment instrument that arises under financial technology. E-wallet helps to ease the user’s daily life, in which users can make their daily transactions without using the notes or coins. Indirectly, E-wallet also helps to reduce the risk of cash being stolen. Undeniably, E-wallet brings more benefits than disadvantages. The primary aim of this study is to examine the factors affecting the adoption of E-wallet services in Sarawak. The questionnaire, which consisted of 26 questions were distributed to the respondents and successfully collected 450 feedbacks. Firstly, this study applied factor analysis to construct all the variables. Also, Cronbach’s α coefficient was computed to determine internal consistency reliabilities. Then, this study used regression analysis to test the relationship between the variables. The results of the regression analysis showed that the users would adopt E-wallet when they perceive that the E-wallet is useful and easy to be used. Meanwhile, the findings of this study also showed that rewards tend to attract users to use E-wallet. Besides that, this study also found that higher perceived risk may act as a barrier to stop users from using E-wallet. These results help the E-wallet service providers to identify the significant factors that influence the user’s intention to use E-wallet services. Lastly, this study recommended the E-wallet service providers to take the security systems and rewards into consideration for the enhancement of their payment system.
Nitrification in modified sewerage stabilisation ponds prior to discharge into the Ugandan side of Lake Victoria

Large volumes of wastewater in the Ugandan capital Kampala have seriously polluted Lake Victoria, from which the city draws its freshwater. Untreated effluent drains directly into this lake. In tropical temperatures, oxidation ponds are used for wastewater treatment, especially for organic matter. This technology should be the focus of work to improve its efficacy, and thus to secure the sustainability of the lake and its freshwater fish which are marketed worldwide. A pilot scale plant was set up comprising an anaerobic tank, a facultative pond and four fibre‐glass maturation tanks. The total nitrification rates in the tanks T1–T4 were 5.5, 7.5, 10.1 and 6.4 (±0.4) mg‐N/l/day, respectively. For more efficient wastewater treatment stabilisation pond systems, a modification similar to that in T3 should be considered. T3 was constructed with biofilm attachment surfaces in a manner which allowed effluent to be channelled round them, contrary to direct T1 flow which is currently in use.
Generalized drying curves in conductive/convective paper drying

This work presents a study related to conductive/convective drying of paper (cellulose) sheets over heated surfaces, under natural and forced air conditions. The experimental apparatus consists in a metallic box heated by a thermostatic bath containing an upper surface on which the paper samples (about 1 mm thick) are placed. The system is submitted to ambient air under two different conditions: natural convection and forced convection provide by an adjustable blower. The influence of initial paper moisture content, drying (heated surface) temperature and air velocity on drying curves behavior is observed under different drying conditions. Hence, these influence is studied through the proposal of generalized drying curves. Those curves are analyzed individually for each air condition exposed above and for both together. A set of equations to fit them is proposed and discussed.
Role of Authentic Leadership, Servant Leadership and Destructive Leadership Behaviour on Employee Engagement in Malaysian Hospitality Industry

To mobilize an engaged workplace, leadership becomes the key driver as effective superiors are able to shape employees’ work attitudes and behaviours. In a monocultural context, authentic and servant leadership brings about positive organisational outcomes and vice versa for destructive leadership. Thus, it is valuable to evaluate the role of authentic, servant and destructive leadership behaviour on employee engagement among employees in hospitality industry, in a multi-cultural context such as Malaysia. This study executed a quantitative research design. A questionnaire survey among 100 employees attached to the Malaysian hotels in the Klang Valley area was carried out to test the hypotheses of this study. Data were analysed by utilising SPSS version 21.0 and PLS-SEM approach. The study retrieved the following: (1) authentic leadership has a significant and positive effect on employee engagement, (2) servant leadership has a significant and positive effect on employee engagement, (3) destructive leadership does not affect employee engagement. The top management of the hotels industry is encouraged to practice authentic leadership as well as servant leadership within their organisation since both of these leadership behaviours is being found to be effective in boosting up the level of employee engagement.
The Most Desired Values of High and Low Density Lipoproteins and Triglycerides in the Plasma

Background: We tried to understand the most desired values of high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and triglycerides in the plasma. Methods: Patients with plasma HDL values lower than 40 mg/dL were collected into the first, lower than 46 mg/dL into the second, lower than 50 mg/ dL into the third, and 50 mg/dL and higher into the fourth groups. Results: We studied 256 cases (153 females). The mean age, female ratio, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), LDL, white coat hypertension (WCH), hypertension (HT), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were the highest in the fourth group. Whereas coronary heart disease (CHD) was the highest in the first group in contrast to the lowest HDL and LDL values. The mean age, female ratio, BMI, FPG, WCH, DM, and CHD were the lowest in the second group. There was a positive correlation between plasma triglycerides values and smoking. Conclusions: The highest mean age, female ratio, BMI, FPG, WCH, HT, and DM parallel to the highest HDL and LDL, and the highest CHD in contrast to the lowest HDL and LDL values may show initially positive but eventually negative acute phase proteins functions of HDL and LDL. Due to the lowest mean age, female ratio, BMI, FPG, WCH, DM, and CHD, the most desired values of HDL may be between 40 and 46 mg/dL. Additionally, the most desired values of LDL were in between 80 and 100 mg/dL, and the triglycerides were lower than 60 mg/ dL in our previous studies.
Formation and antibacterial action of Pt and Pd nanoparticles sputtered into liquid

A report is presented on the antibacterial activity of platinum and palladium nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by direct sputtering into glycerol. Prepared platinum faceted NPs ( n = 500) with the diameter of (1.7 ± 0.3) nm and palladium faceted NPs ( n = 500) with the diameter of (2.4 ± 0.4) nm were investigated. The size and shape of NPs were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the size and its distribution were studied by dynamic light scattering. The concentration of metal NPs in prepared solutions was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The optical properties of aqueous NP solutions were studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Antibacterial properties were tested against two common pollutants ( E. coli DBM 3138, a Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis DBM 3179, a Gram-positive bacteria). Owing to the increasing resistance of bacteria strains to common antibiotics, this study may provide an alternative way to fight these pollutants.
Competitive adsorption of zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead in three highly‐weathered Brazilian soils

Abstract Equilibrium adsorption experiments on zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) were conducted in three horizons of two Ultisols and one Oxisol with and without liming, from Viçosa‐MG (Brazil). Equilibrium solutions were applied as a “cocktail”; containing 700 mg L‐1 of Zn, 20 mg L#lb1 of Cd, 200 mg L‐1of Cu, and 300 mg L‐1 of Pb and its dilutions of 1:5 and 1:20. After shaking, the mixture was centrifuged, the supernatant collected and the pH and the concentrations of metals in the mixture were determined. Soil order, soil horizon, and liming had significant effects on the metal adsorption. Some important changes in the adsorption characteristics of the metals, especially in Zn and Cd, were observed due to competition between the different cations present in the solution. Also, desorption of Zn and Cd was observed with an increasing concentration of the solution. The adsorption data for Zn and Cd did not fit the linear, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm equations for most situations, as these equations do not consider the possibility of a decrease in the amount of metal adsorbed with increasing metal competition for the adsorption sites. Due to the competition with other metals, the equations, which offered the best fit for Zn and Cd, were quadratic polynomial models. On the other hand, for Cu and Pb, the equations, which showed the best fit were linear, Langmuir, and Temkin, for different situations. The reasons for this behavior were related to the strong competitive forces for the adsorption sites presented by these two metals.
Delay in hip fracture surgery and its outcomes. A reflection

OPEN How to cite this article Merchán-Galvis Á, Muñoz DA, Solano F, Velásquez JC. Delay in hip fracture surgery and its outcomes. A reflection. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology. 2021;49(1):e915. What do we know about this problem? Delay in hip fracture surgery represents an increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality, a deterioration in the quality of life and functionality of the affected elderly. Individual and external factors favor the delay in hip osteosynthesis. What is the contribution of this study? Review the state of the art regarding the delay of the osteosynthesis of the hip fracture and its outcomes. Take a position on the factors that delay this type of surgery in the elderly population. Suggests research alternatives in order to improve outcomes in the elderly population. Hip fracture is one of the major public healthcare problems in elderly patients around the world, mainly because of the risk of falls and osteoporosis which are typical during this stage of life, and may be the cause for up to 36% of deaths among those affected. Its management in principle is surgical and the best results are achieved with patients undergoing surgery during the first 24 to 72 hours after the fracture. Any delays in surgery are mostly associated with decompensated personal pathological factors, delays in perioperative assessment, or in presurgical complementary tests; sometimes, the delays are the result of administrative formalities of the healthcare providers. These determining factors may affect both morbidity and mortality, and contribute to functional decline, disability, and reduced quality of life of these patients. A third party intervention is then necessary to improve the preventable factors that delay the osteosynthesis in these types of fractures, in addition to ensuring education, infrastructure, inputs, skilled human resources, and prompt referral of patients from the first level of care. Investigating this scenario and assessing the quality of life impact on these patients should be a priority.
Reduced recombination and enhanced UV-assisted photocatalysis by highly anisotropic titanates from electrospun TiO2–SiO2 nanostructures

The surface areas of electrospun fibers/rice grain-shaped nanostructures of TiO2–SiO2 composites were further enhanced after transforming them into thorn or sponge shaped titanates via selective leaching of SiO2, which was reported by our group previously [RSC Adv. , 2012, 2, 992]. In this study, we report on their application in photocatalytic activity (PCA) when juxtaposed with photoluminescence (PL). Two defect related bands are observed in PL and their origin is discussed in relation to calcination, crystallization and nucleation effects. The relative PL intensity for sponge shapes was the lowest and hence had the lowest radiative recombination, which suggests carrier trapping at defect centers. This enables the charge carriers to migrate to the surface and participate in the PCA. The results of PCA suggested that the sponge-shaped titanate exhibits the highest degradation rate among all samples. A plausible mechanism for the differences in PCA is proposed based on the variation in the defect-densities.
Uptake of Cl and Br by organic surfaces—A perspective on organic aerosols processing by tropospheric oxidants

The reactive uptake of Cl and Br atoms by closely packed organic thin films was studied in a flow reactor. For Cl, the reactive uptake coefficient, γ, was near collision rate for alkane and alkene surfaces. For Br, γ =(3±1)×10−2 for alkane and γ=(5±2)×10−2 for alkene surfaces. The processing of the surface was monitored using FTIR, XPS and contact angle measurements. Oxidized surface‐bound products and a concurrent increase in hydrophilicity were observed. The probability of a reactive collision between Br, Cl, O(³P), O3 and NO3 and surface‐bound organics is compared with that of comparable gas‐phase reactions, showing that reactions with a high activation energy in the gas‐phase have an enhanced surface reaction probability. The uptake coefficients for these tropospheric oxidants are used to estimate the processing time for an organic coated aerosol.
Pharmacology activities and extraction of α-chitin prepared from crustaceans: A review

Renny Amelia1,2*, Nyi Mekar Saptarini3, Eli Halimah2, Yuli Andriani4, Aliya Nurhasanah3, Jutti Levita2, Sri Adi Sumiwi2 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia. 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran West Java, Indonesia. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia. 4Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia.
Investigating Firm Performance Outcomes Under Inter- organizational, Firm level, and Environmental Factors that Motivate Supply Chain Integration

Wael Hassan El-garaihy , Usama A. Badawi , Nisren F. Moawad , Thana A.Azizi, Department of Management, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Department of Management Information System, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Department of Marketing, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, Imam Abdurrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Email: whgaraihy@iau.edu. sa, b ubadawi@iau.edu. sa, nfmowad@iau.edu. sa, thazizi@iau.edu. sa
ESTIMATE THE CONTAMINATION BY SOME HEAVY METALS IN SESAME SEEDS AND RASHI PRODUCT THAT AVAILABLE IN LOCAL MARKETS

This study was conducted to estimate the contamination of heavy metals (Arsenic As, Pb, Cadmium Cd, Iron Fe and Cu) in raw sesame samples and Al-Rishi extract from it. For this purpose, 16 samples (8raw sesame and 8 Rishi products) were collected from 8 local manufactures for the production of Rishi in Baghdad. The Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used to estimate the concentrations of heavy metals in samples. The results showed significant differences at the level (P <0.05) between concentrations of heavy metals in sesame and Rishi samples, it showed that some samples of raw sesame had concentrations of heavy metals As, Pb, Cd, Fe and Cu were 0.0210, 0.0214, 0.0319, 1.9815 and 1.1002 mg / kg, respectively, some of which were higher than the accepted limits approved by CODEX, all concentrations of heavy metals in the Rishi products higher than in raw sesame reached to 0.1207 and 0.2105, and 0.5232 and 2.9565 and 2.3643 mg / kg, respectively, for the same previous elements, and all of heavy metals concentrations except iron were higher than acceptable limits approved by CODEX, the study showed that the devices and equipment of the sesame extraction in the production of Rashi has caused the transfer of some concentrations of heavy metals from those to the Rashi product.
Nuclear Hazard and Asset Prices: Implications of Nuclear Disasters in the Cross-Sectional Behavior of Stock Returns

Using stock return data for the Japanese equity market, for the period from July 1983 to June 2018, we analyze the effect of major nuclear disasters worldwide on Japanese discount rates. For that purpose, we compare the performance of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) conditional on the event of nuclear disasters with that of the classic CAPM and the Fama–French three- and five-factor models. In order to control for nuclear disasters, we use an instrument that allows us to parameterize the linear stochastic discount factor of the conditional CAPM and transform the classic CAPM into a three-factor model. In this regard, the use of nuclear disasters as an explanatory variable for the cross-sectional behavior of stock returns is a novel contribution of this research. Our results suggest that nuclear disasters account for a large fraction of the variation of stock returns, allowing the CAPM to perform similarly to the Fama–French three- and five-factor models. Furthermore, our results show that, in general, nuclear disasters are positively related to the expected returns of a large number of assets under study. Our results have important implications for the task of estimating the cost of equity and constitute a step forward in understanding the relationship between equity risk premiums and nuclear disasters.