Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inorganic Chloramines as Drinking Water Disinfectants: A Review

Although chloramines have been used to disinfect drinking water in the United States for more than 66 years, interest in these disinfectants has recently increased with the discovery that much lower levels of halogenated organics are produced during chloramination than during chlorination. Considerable controversy exists, however, regarding the effectiveness of chloramines as microbicidal agents and their possible effects on human health. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the use of chloramines in disinfection, including their chemical properties; their effectiveness against bacteria, viruses, and protozoa; and the toxic effects they produce in humans and wildlife. The use of laboratory findings for predicting the efficiency of chloramines in the field is also addressed. The primary objective of a water inactivate most pathogenic microorgantreatment facility is to supply the con- isms quickly and because, until recentsumer with water that is both microbio- ly, it was believed to be chemically safe. logically and chemically safe. Tradi- Studies conducted in the early 1970s tionally, chlorine has been employed as however, demonstrated that chlorine a disinfectant because of its capacity to reacts with organic compounds present 74
Reaction of 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane with Alkyn-1-yltin Compounds. Molecular Structure of the 9-Propyn-1-yl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Pyridine Adduct

Trimethyl- and triethyl(propyn-1-yl)tin react with 9-borabicyclo[3.3. 1. ]nonane (9-BBN) mainly by exchange of the propynyl group against hydrogen, accompanied by numerous side reaction. This is in contrast to the findings for other alkynyltin compounds bearing a second bulky substituent at the C≡C bond. The exchange product, 9-propyn-1-yl-9-borabicyclo[3.3. 1]nonane, was isolated as its crystalline pyridine adduct and fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy in solution and X-ray structural analysis in the solid state. Graphical Abstract Reaction of 9-Borabicyclo[3.3. 1]nonane with Alkyn-1-yltin Compounds. Molecular Structure of the 9-Propyn-1-yl-9-borabicyclo[3.3. 1]nonane Pyridine Adduct
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ADDING GRIND DRY OLIVE LEAVES IN DIETS OF ALLOXAN-DIABETIC MALE RABBITS

Current study was aimed to estimate the effects and protective effects of grind dry olive leaves on the glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, globulin, Albumin, ALT enzyme activity and Glucagon hormone levels in the blood of local male rabbits, induced diabetic by Alloxan injected, experiment was done in the Animal House, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, from 15 November to 30 January, including 15 days as an adaptation period, animals were divided randomly and body weights were consider, into four groups 7 to each, the first group was treated with a 0.9% physiologic solution and kept as control negative group while and provide with basal diets, The other three groups and supplemented their diets by grind dry olive leaves by (0%, 4%, 8%) respectively and treated with150 mg/kg BW of Alloxan I/P, blood sample were taken directly from heart every two weeks and the blood serum kept for biochemical tests. The results showed that there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein albumin, globulin, the ALT enzyme activities and glucagon hormone of positive control (diabetic) group in comparative with normal animals (control negative group), while there is improved and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in both groups that received 4% and 8% olive leaves (diabetic-injected with Alloxan) compared to (diabetic) positive control group.
Early persistence of psychotic‐like experiences in a community sample of adolescents

Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) are common in adolescents. Their persistence may confer increased susceptibility to psychotic disorder. The early evolution of transient to persistent PLEs is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the early persistence of PLEs (over 6–12 months) in a community sample of adolescents and examine baseline and longitudinal associations of early persistent PLEs.
Clinical Assessment of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Systematic Review of Instruments.

There has been an increase in the number of assessment instruments for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). However, previous reviews are inconsistent and do not provide a comprehensive psychometric assessment of the instruments. This study aimed to systematically assess and compare the psychometric properties of clinically relevant instruments to measure NSSI in any population. Through a systematic review guided by COSMIN and PRISMA, two searches were conducted in English and Spanish in February 2020, in 13 databases including gray literature. Of the 7813 initial records, 152 validations were extracted. From these, 83 instruments (22 versions or adaptations) were excluded for not measuring NSSI, having no potential clinical utility, or not including psychometric properties. Finally, 26 (22 versions, 35 adaptations, and 19 creations) instruments measuring NSSI were included. Predominantly, the studies were North American self-reports in English for community adolescents, adaptations or versions emanating from a small number of instruments. Twenty-six indicators were categorized to assess NSSI. The most frequent instruments are structured interviews, and their indicators were related to NSSI function and topography. Evidence of validity and reliability was positive but limited. Despite the high number of instruments and diversity of evaluations, we found no instrument with sufficient evidence for clinical assessment. Findings broadly overview NSSI assessment instruments' current use and future improvement in clinical and research settings.
Prognostic factors in High-Grade Localized Osteosarcoma of the Extremities: The Tunisian Experience

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone cancer occurring in children and adolescents aged 10–20 years. Several prognostic factors have been identified by studies done at western centers. The aim of our study was to identify the prognostic factors in Tunisian patients in order to improve their management. Methods: We reviewed the data of localized limb osteosarcoma patients treated in Salah Azaïz Institute from January 1980 to December 2018. Patient’s treatment and survival variables were assessed. Patients received a neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent surgery in an expert center. They received afterward an adjuvant chemotherapy depending on the tumor necrosis assessed by Huvos. Results: Eighty-five patients were enrolled. Mean duration of follow-up was 30 months (range 1–297 months). Males were 1.6 times more frequent, median age was 17 (from 1 to 62 years). Conventional osteoblastic osteosarcoma was the most frequent histological subtype (77%). Median tumor size was 10 cm. Femoral location was the most frequent (60%). The overall average history of symptoms was 103 days (4 to 423 days). The 5-year overall-survival was 38% and the event free survival 32%. Tumor site, lactate dehydrogenase levels, high methotrexate levels at 24 h, clinical evaluation of the tumor perimeter, surgery type and delay of relapse were found to affect overall survival. Tumor site, Lactate dehydrogenase levels and clinical evaluation of the tumor perimeter affected the progression free survival. Conclusion: Demographic characteristics of Tunisian patients are mainly the same than worldwide. Femoral site, normal level of lactate dehydrogenase, a clinical response during neoadjuvant treatment, an R0 surgery, a delay of relapse over 2 years and Median H24 Methotrexate level superior to 4.4 µmol/l were associated with a better prognosis in our study.
Characteristics Among Premenarchal Girls With Lichen Sclerosus.

OBJECTIVES Lichen sclerosus (LS), a chronic inflammatory dermatosis localized in the anogenital region, is known to be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in postmenopausal women; however, there is a paucity of data on prepubertal girls. We sought to characterize the relationship between LS, LUTS, and constipation among premenarchal girls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of premenarchal girls presenting at the pediatric adolescent gynecology and pediatric urology clinics at our institution diagnosed with vulvar LS during a 4-year period. Demographics, clinical presentation, time from onset of urinary and/or bowel symptoms to LS diagnosis, and treatment response were assessed. Analysis was completed using median, range, and nonparametric statistical analysis where appropriate. RESULTS Nineteen premenarchal girls with LS met inclusion criteria. The median age at LS diagnosis was 6.2 years (range = 3.3-13.3 yrs). Most girls (12/19, 63.2%) presented with LUTS during LS evaluation, and 11 (57.9%) of 19 patients had constipation. Pruritus and hypopigmentation were the most frequently encountered LS symptom and sign, respectively. Fourteen (73.7%) of the 19 girls had resolution/improvement of LS symptoms after LS treatment. Of the 12 patients with LUTS, 7 (58.3%) had resolution/improvement of LUTS symptoms, 3 (25.0%) had unchanged voiding symptoms, and 2 (16.7%) had unknown changes. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies are needed to better characterize the relationship between LUTS, constipation, and LS, our findings suggest that premenarchal subjects presenting with LUTS should be assessed for LS. Likewise, patients presenting with LS should be assessed for LUTS and constipation.
Bayesian Network Structure and Predictability of Autistic Traits

The aim of this work is to explore the construct of autistic traits through the lens of network analysis with recently introduced Bayesian methods. A conditional dependence network structure was estimated from a data set composed of 649 university students that completed an autistic traits questionnaire. The connectedness of the network is also explored, as well as sex differences among female and male subjects in regard to network connectivity. The strongest connections in the network are found between items that measure similar autistic traits. Traits related to social skills are the most interconnected items in the network. Sex differences are found between female and male subjects. The Bayesian network analysis offers new insight on the connectivity of autistic traits as well as confirms several findings in the autism literature.
Lupus nephritis: clinical presentations and outcomes in the 21st century

Abstract Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent and severe manifestation of SLE. Along the decades, the epidemiology of LN and its clinical presentation have been changing. However, even though retrospective cohort studies report a decreased mortality rate and an improvement in the disease prognosis, the percentage of patients progressing into end stage renal disease (ESRD) keeps steady despite the improvements in therapeutic strategies. Current in-use medications have been available for decades now, yet over the years, regimens for optimizing their efficacy and minimizing toxicity have been developed. Therapeutic research is now moving towards the direction of precision medicine and several new drugs, targeting selectively different pathogenetic pathways, are currently under evaluation with promising results. In this review, we address the main changes and persistent unmet needs in LN management throughout the past decades, with a focus on prognosis and upcoming treatments.
An organoid‐derived bronchioalveolar model for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of human alveolar type II‐like cells

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which may result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure, and death. The alveolar epithelium is a major target of the virus, but representative models to study virus host interactions in more detail are currently lacking. Here, we describe a human 2D air–liquid interface culture system which was characterized by confocal and electron microscopy and single‐cell mRNA expression analysis. In this model, alveolar cells, but also basal cells and rare neuroendocrine cells, are grown from 3D self‐renewing fetal lung bud tip organoids. These cultures were readily infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 with mainly surfactant protein C‐positive alveolar type II‐like cells being targeted. Consequently, significant viral titers were detected and mRNA expression analysis revealed induction of type I/III interferon response program. Treatment of these cultures with a low dose of interferon lambda 1 reduced viral replication. Hence, these cultures represent an experimental model for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and can be applied for drug screens.
Nitrogen and Silicon Co-Doping of Ge2Sb2Te5 Thin Films for Improving Phase Change Memory Performance

电的性质和阶段结构(Si+N ) 为阶段变化记忆的 -codoped Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST ) 被调查改进记忆表演。 仅仅在以前的报告比作 Elmswith N 或 Si 掺杂物，(Si+N ) 做了 GST 有大约 10 的一个显著改进 ofcrystalline 抵抗力(4 ) m 终止厘米。 Fourier 变换红外线的 spectroscopyspectrum 在榆树揭示罪恶契约形成。 X 光检查 dilfraction 模式证明 grainsize 被 SiNx 由于非结晶的 GST 的结晶化抑制减少，哪个 resultsin 更高水晶的抵抗力。 这是很有用的减少为阶段 changememory 应用写电流。
Generalized hypertrichosis syndromes in Mexico

Hypertrichosis is a rare condition characterized by excessive hair in areas of the body that are not predominantly androgen dependent. We can identify three main syndromes with congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis described in Mexico. The first is X‐linked generalized hypertrichosis, an ultra‐rare disease, with few cases reported to date. The second is Cantú syndrome, also known as hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, which has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8. The third is congenital hypertrichosis terminalis with or without gingival hyperplasia, which displays other features and involves several associated genes. The first two syndromes were described by the Mexican geneticist José María Cantú, and the concept of atavistic genes was invoked to explain the emergence of this outstanding trait. By understanding the genetic and pathophysiological basis of hypertrichosis, we can offer effective treatment to patients and help solve esthetic problems related to hair growth.
EXTRACELLULAR BIOSYNTHESIS, OPTIMIZATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ESCHERICHIA COLI D8 SILVER NANOPARTICLES

This study highlights the optimization of extracellular biosynthesis and antimicrobial efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the crude metabolite of Escherichia coli D8 (MF06257) strain. The bacterial strain had been isolated from a sewage water stream located in Damietta City, Egypt. The optimum conditions for AgNPs production were at temperature 35°C, pH 7 and 1.5mM silver nitrate. The AgNPs biosynthesis was detected in culture filtrate within 1-2 minutes at room temperature (25±2°C) and sunlight. The characterization of AgNPs was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy (maximum absorbance at 429 nm), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern (crystal planes were 110, 111, 200, 211, 220, and 311), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (AgNPs were spherical in shape ranging from 6 to 17 nm), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (the bands of symmetric and asymmetric amines were assigned at 3421.1 and 2962.13 cm-1, the stretching vibration band of aromatic and aliphatic (C-N) exist at 1392.35 and 1122.37 cm-1 bands), Zeta potential analyser (AgNPs had a negative charge value; -33.6 mV) and size distribution by volume (the presence of capping agent enveloping the AgNPs with a mean size of 136.0-294.3 nm). Nitrate reductase (NR) was assayed as an important partner in the optimized production (the rate of NR reached to 2.18 U/ml). The study demonstrated that AgNPs are potent inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was studied by TEM. TEM micrographs showed an inhibition of S. aureus cell multiplication. In case of F. oxysporum, a reduction in the size of treated cells, formation of a mucilage matrix connecting the hyphal cells together, the appearance of a big vacuole, lipid droplets an a severe leakage of cytoplasmic contents were detected. AgNPs exhibited MIC values of 6. 25μg/ml and 50 μg/ml against S. aureus and Candida albicans, respectively. In addition, AgNPs showed synergy effects by their combination with fluconazole that increased fold areas especially against A. niger, A. flavus and F. oxysporum.
Preclinical discovery and development of abemaciclib used to treat breast cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have altered the standard-of-care treatment for patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. One such inhibitor, abemaciclib, a reversible ATP-competitive CDK4/6 inhibitor developed by Eli Lilly and Company, was approved by the FDA for ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Areas covered: Preclinical studies revealed abemaciclib’s distinct structure, efficacy as monotherapy, and ability to penetrate the Central Nervous System. In this review, the authors have examined the literature regarding the development of CDK 4/6 inhibitors before providing a focused review on the preclinical discovery and development of abemaciclib. The authors then conclude their manuscript by providing their expert opinion and future perspectives. Expert opinion: Understanding the genesis and evolution from concept to approval and beyond will allow one to analyze the impact of abemaciclib. With its unique characteristics, abemaciclib has provided a meaningful addition to the therapeutic arsenal for metastatic breast cancer. There is, however, a need for predictive biomarkers to identify patients who may not benefit from or may develop resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition.
Changes in precarious employment in the United States: A longitudinal analysis

Objective: This longitudinal study aimed to measure precarious employment in the US using a multidimensional indicator. Methods: We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1988–2016) and the Occupational Information Network database to create a longitudinal precarious employment score (PES) among 7568 employed individuals over 18 waves (N=101 290 observations). We identified 13 survey indicators to operationalize 7 dimensions of precarious employment, which we included in our PES (range: 0–7, with 7 indicating the most precarious): material rewards, working-time arrangements, stability, workers’ rights, collective organization, interpersonal relations, and training. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the mean PES and changes over time in the PES overall and by race/ethnicity, gender, education, income, and region. Results: On average, the PES was 3.17 [standard deviation (SD) 1.19], and was higher among women (3.34, SD 1.20), people of color (Hispanics: 3.24, SD 1.23; non-Hispanic Blacks: 3.31, SD 1.23), those with less education (primary: 3.99, SD 1.07; high school: 3.43, SD 1.19), and with lower-incomes (3.84, SD 1.08), and those residing in the South (3.23, SD 1.17). From 1988 to 2016, the PES increased by 9% on average [0.29 points; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26–0.31]. While precarious employment increased over time across all subgroups, the increase was largest among males (0.35 points; 95% CI 0.33–0.39), higher-income (0.39 points; 95% CI 0.36–0.42) and college-educated (0.37 points; 95% CI 0.33–0.41) individuals. Conclusions: Long-term decreases in employment quality are widespread in the US. Women and those from racialized and less-educated populations remain disproportionately precariously employed; however, we observed large increases among men, college graduates and higher-income individuals.
Generalization of the Kármán Rotating Disc Problem for Non-Plane Surfaces / submitted by DI Andreas Löderer

The generalization of the classical Kármán rotating disc problem for nonplane surfaces is investigated using the perturbation method. At first small deviations of general shape from the plane surface are allowed and combined with a general similarity ansatz. Analysis shows that the generating function of the rotating surface must be a power function. A uniformly valid solution can only be found for the rotating paraboloid. For large radii, a similarity ansatz is given that leads to an ODE system for any power function. The solution focuses on the rotating cone for large radii and the rotating paraboloid for small and large radii. All ODE systems are solved by shooting method. For the rotating cone, the axial velocity far away from the surface is no longer homogeneous but includes a term that varies inversely proportional to the radius. For the rotating paraboloid, the solution for small radii approximates the flow above any rotating bluff body near the vertex.
Influence of the forehand stance on knee biomechanics: Implications for potential injury risks in tennis players

ABSTRACT The open stance forehand has been hypothesized to be more traumatic for knee injuries in tennis than the neutral stance forehand. This study aims to compare kinematics and kinetics at the knee during three common forehand stroke stances (attacking neutral stance ANS, attacking open stance AOS, defensive open stance DOS) to determine if the open stance forehand induces higher knee loadings and to discuss its potential relationship with given injuries. Eight advanced tennis players performed eight repetitions of forehand strokes with each stance (ANS: forward run and stroke with feet parallel with the hitting direction, AOS: forward run and stroke with feet perpendicular to the hitting direction, DOS: lateral run and stroke with feet perpendicular to the hitting direction) at maximal effort. All the trials were recorded with an optoelectronic motion capture system. The flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, external-internal rotation angles, intersegmental forces and torques of the right knee were calculated. Ground reaction forces were measured with a forceplate. The DOS increases vertical GRF, maximum knee flexion and abduction angles, range of knee flexion-extension, peak of compressive, distractive and medial knee forces, peak of knee abduction and external rotation torques. Consequently, the DOS appears potentially more at risk for given knee injuries.
Parasympathetic Characterization Guided by Respiration From Wrist Peripheral Venous Pressure Waveform

VoluMetrix has developed a new version of its NIVA, a wrist device that measures pressure variations in the veins together with the photoplethysmogram (PPG) at the same point. Previous studies have shown that the venous pressure signal (NIVA) reflected an increased HF power with respect to the electrocardiogram. This suggests that it may be useful for parasympathetic characterization guided by signal-derived respiration. Performance of NIVA signal is compared to that of PPG in a controlled breathing experiment (8 subjects) with different respiratory rates (6, 12 and 18 bpm), where a downward trend in parasympathetic estimates is expected with increasing respiratory rates. The NIVA signal is able to accurately estimate the respiratory rate (less than 0.03 Hz estimation error) in all the subjects, outperforming the PPG in the same task. In addition, respiratory-guided parasympathetic estimates significantly decreases with increased respiratory rate.