Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF LATENT STRUCTURE IN SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELS OF VIOLENCE

The modeling of violence, including terrorist activity, over space and time is often done using one of two broad classes of statistical models. Typically, the location of an event is modeled as a spatio-temporal point process and the latent structure is either modeled through a latent Gaussian process motivated by a log-Gaussian Cox process or through data dependency similar to a Hawkes process. The former is characterized through dependence in an unobserved latent Gaussian process, while the later assumes a data driven dependence in the data. While both techniques have been used successfully it remains unclear whether the processes are practically different from one another. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that in many situations, the most common statistic to characterize clustering in a process, Ripley’s K function, cannot differentiate between the two processes and should not be used.
What Is an AI Engineer? An Empirical Analysis of Job Ads in The Netherlands

Recently, the job market for Artificial Intelligence (AI) engineers has exploded. Since the role of AI engineer is relatively new, limited research has been done on the requirements as set by the industry. Moreover, the definition of an AI engineer is less established than for a data scientist or a software engineer. In this study we explore, based on job ads, the requirements from the job market for the position of AI engineer in The Netherlands. We retrieved job ad data between April 2018 and April 2021 from a large job ad database, Jobfeed from TextKernel. The job ads were selected with a process similar to the selection of primary studies in a literature review. We characterize the 367 resulting job ads based on meta-data such as publication date, industry/sector, educational background and job titles. To answer our research questions we have further coded 125 job ads manually. The job tasks of AI engineers are concentrated in five categories: business understanding, data engineering, modeling, software development and operations engineering. Companies ask for AI engineers with different profiles: 1) data science engineer with focus on modeling, 2) AI software engineer with focus on software development, 3) generalist AI engineer with focus on both models and software. Furthermore, we present the tools and technologies mentioned in the selected job ads, and the soft skills. Our research helps to understand the expectations companies have for professionals building AI-enabled systems. Understanding these expectations is crucial both for prospective AI engineers and educational institutions in charge of training those prospective engineers. Our research also helps to better define the profession of AI engineering. We do this by proposing an extended AI engineering life-cycle that includes a business understanding phase.
A conceptual integration of interpersonal theory and cognitive-behavioral models of depression: Delineating the pathway from partner-schemas to relationship distress and depression

Difficulties in romantic relationships are a prominent part of the disorder for many individuals with depression. Researchers have called for an integration of interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral theories to better understand the role of relational difficulties in depression. In this article, a novel theoretical framework (the dyadic partner-schema model) is presented. This model illustrates a potential pathway from underlying “partnerschema” structures to romantic relationship distress and depressive affect. This framework integrates cognitivebehavioral mechanisms in depression with research on dyadic processes in romantic partners. A brief clinical case example is presented to illustrate the utility of the dyadic partner-schema model in conceptualizing the treatment of depression. The implications of the model are discussed, and areas for future research are explored.
Automated Roundabout Safety Analysis: Diagnosis and Remedy of Safety Problems

AbstractThe use of roundabouts is gaining popularity in North America for their safety, capacity, and environmental benefits. Studies have shown that roundabouts can significantly reduce injury collisions compared to stop control and traffic signals. As more roundabouts are constructed, there will be an increased need for a detailed analysis of their safety performance. Traditional road-safety analysis of roundabouts has relied on the use of historical collision records. This approach offers a less-complete understanding of roundabouts safety and their effects on the behavior of drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists. This paper represents a case study where automated video-based traffic conflicts analysis is used to diagnose safety issues at a roundabout in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Traffic conflicts are automatically identified and analyzed to develop an in-depth understanding of the behavior of road users and the causes of traffic conflicts. Conflicts contributing factors were identified and saf.
Finding typing compiler bugs

We propose a testing framework for validating static typing procedures in compilers. Our core component is a program generator suitably crafted for producing programs that are likely to trigger typing compiler bugs. One of our main contributions is that our program generator gives rise to transformation-based compiler testing for finding typing bugs. We present two novel approaches (type erasure mutation and type overwriting mutation) that apply targeted transformations to an input program to reveal type inference and soundness compiler bugs respectively. Both approaches are guided by an intra-procedural type inference analysis used to capture type information flow. We implement our techniques as a tool, which we call Hephaestus. The extensibility of Hephaestus enables us to test the compilers of three popular JVM languages: Java, Kotlin, and Groovy. Within nine months of testing, we have found 156 bugs (137 confirmed and 85 fixed) with diverse manifestations and root causes in all the examined compilers. Most of the discovered bugs lie in the heart of many critical components related to static typing, such as type inference.
Incentive-Compatible Preference Measurement with Boundedly Rational Consumers (Under Review, Journal of Marketing Research )

A perennial problem with any market research involving choice is that consumers typically do not pay as much attention to the choice-relevant information presented to them as they would in a real-life choice task. Incentive-compatible choice experiments, in which each decision is realized with some probability , are usually seen as a solution to this problem. Incentive alignment induces truth telling (i.e., respondents choose truth-fully conditional on the information they have processed). However, we argue that if consumers are boundedly rational and if processing information is potentially costly, then incentive-alignment is not enough to motivate participants to process information as carefully as they would in a real-life choice task (where the decision will be realized with certainty ). We demonstrate this phenomenon in the context of choice-based conjoint analysis, using response time and eye tracking data. We develop a dynamic discrete choice model of information processing and choice under bounded rationality, which we calibrate using a combination of eye tracking and choice data. We show that estimating consumer preferences based on choice and information processing data (as opposed to choice data only) gives rise to improved out-of-sample predictions, and to substantively di ﬀ erent partworths estimates.
Relationship between students physical activity level and self-perceived health status

Aims: To establish the level of physical activity of female students from Zadar University and the relationship between their established level of physical activity and subjective assessment of health. Methods: Survey data collection was conducted on a sample of 312 female students from the University of Zadar with the average age 21.68 and standard deviation 1.54 years. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – long form. Four domains of physical activity and the total physical activity were calculated based on the items of the International Physical Activity questionnaire. The total score of physical activity level was calculated by summing the activity in four domains: work-related physical activity, transport-related physical activity, domestic physical activity and leisure-time physical activity. Self-perceived health status was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Forms Questionnaire. Eight subscales of health status were calculated based on the items of the Questionnaire. Results: The student’s median total physical activity was 64.75 MET-hour/week, and the highest energy consumption was achieved in the domestic physical activity domain (16.17 MET-hour/weeks). The results indicate that the level of physical activity is associated with some subjective indicators of health. The largest positive correlation was obtained for the total physical activity and mental health, while the physical activity at work and domestic physical activity were negatively associated with some components of health. Better student's mental health and vitality contributes to higher physical activity in leisure-time. Conclusion: The main conclusion of the research indicates the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the level of physical activity of female students and their subjective assessment of certain components of health status. The evidence on the positive relationship of physical activity with health indicators can potentially be used to support evidence-based promotion of physical activity in a university setting, and as a hypothesis for future longitudinal studies on such potential causal relationships.
SYNTHETIC FIBERS EFFECT ON PMMA COMPOSITES USED IN DENTURE FABRICATION: FLEXURAL AND IMPACT STRENGTH EVALUATION

PMMA (poly-methyl methacrylate) acrylic resin is commonly utilized in the manufacture of denture bases. However, its mechanical characteristics may be inadequate for this purpose. The purpose of this research is to look at the mechanical characteristics (flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, fracture toughness) of PMMA composite by adding two kinds of synthetic fibers Polypropylene (PP) and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Numbers of PMMA composite samples were generated at specified weight ratios of (1.5, 3.5, 5.5, and 7.5 wt.%) in this study. Research results showed that during fibers ratio increased until max. point (7.5wt. %), a decrease in flexural strength value was observed. Notably, PMMA/PAN composite sample has more influence than PMMA/ PP composite. Also, a decrease in the flexural modulus during fibers ratio increases until maximum (7.5wt. %), flexural modulus for PMMA/PAN composite were higher than the values PMMA/PP composite specimens. When it came to I.S, it was discovered that when the fiber ratios were raised, the impact strength rose at a ratio (7.5wt. %). Finally, the results of fracture toughness showed an improvement for the composite specimen (PMMA/7.5 wt. % PAN fiber). In contrast to (the PMMA/7.5wt.% PP fiber) composite specimen, there was a decrease compared to the neat sample.
Thousands of examining eyes: credibility, authority and validity in biodiversity citizen science data production

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about how valid research data in biodiversity citizen science are produced through information practices and how notions of credibility and authority emerge from these practices. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through an empirical, interview-based study of the information practices of 15 participants active in the vicinity of the Swedish biodiversity citizen science information system Artportalen. Interview transcripts were analysed abductively and qualitatively through a coding scheme by working back and forth between theory and data. Values of credibility, authority and validity of research data were unfolded through a practice-oriented perspective to library and information studies by utilising the theoretical lens of boundary objects. Findings – Notionsofcredibility,authorityandvalidityemergethroughparticipantactivitiesoftransforming species observations to data, supplementing reports with objects of trust, augmenting identification through authorityoutreachandassessingcredibilityviapeermonitoring.Credibility,authorityandvalidityofresearch dataareshowntobeco-constructedinadistributedfashionbytheparticipantsandtheinformationsystem. Originality/value – The article extends knowledge about information practices in emerging, heterogeneous scholarly settings by focussing on the complex co-construction of credibility, authority and validity in relation to data production.
Toll-Like Receptor (TLR2 and TLR4) Polymorphisms and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Toll-Like Receptor (TLR2 and TLR4) Polymorphisms and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in the defence against bacterial infections that are common in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We studied all tagging SNPs in TLR2 and TLR4 and their associations with the level and change over time of both FEV 1 and sputum inflammatory cells in moderate-to-severe COPD. Nine TLR2 SNPs and 17 TLR4 SNPs were genotyped in 110 COPD patients. Associations of SNPs with lung function and inflammatory cells in induced sputum were analyzed cross-sectionally with linear regression and longitudinally with linear mixed-effect models. Two SNPs in TLR2 (rs1898830 and rs11938228) were associated with a lower level of FEV 1 and accelerated decline of FEV 1 and higher numbers of sputum inflammatory cells. None of the TLR4 SNPs was associated with FEV 1 level. Eleven out of 17 SNPs were associated with FEV 1 decline, including rs12377632 and rs10759931, which were additionally associated with higher numbers of sputum inflammatory cells at baseline and with increase over time. This is the first longitudinal study showing Centocor, Galapagos and GlaxoSmithKline. TSL has no competing interests. JMV has no competing interests. HMB has no competing interests. WT has received an unrestricted grant from Glaxo-SmithKline and a sponsored grant from Netherlands Asthma Funds. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
A Relationship between Dividend Payout Ratio and Earnings Growth A Test of the Egyptian Stock Market A A Test of the A A Test of the Egyptian Stock Market

: Stock dividend puzzles have been studied for many years. Conventional theory suggests that future earnings growth is largely supported by the percentage of retained earnings that is reinvested in the same corporation and not paid out as dividends. This paper, for the first time, investigates the relationship between payout ratios and earnings growth in the Egyptian Stock Market during the period from 2005 to 2010. We found that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between payout ratio and earnings growth (i.e., the greater the payout ratio, the greater the future earnings growth) in the Egyptian Stock Market contrary to conventional theory in both aggregate level and company level as well. The following reasons represent a beginning effort to explain this relationship: management confidence, management attempts to build empire, overinvestment on the part of low-payout companies, sticky dividends. The finding of this paper has a significant impact on stock options, mutual funds investment strategies and shareholders’ value. Relationship Dividend Payout Ratio Earnings
Most quantifiers have many meanings

Logical theories of meaning assume that function words, such as natural language quantifiers, have a fixed meaning expressed by their truth conditions. In this study, we challenge this view by showing that there are systematic individual differences in semantic representations of quantifiers. Using computational modeling, we separated three sources of individual differences: truth condition, vagueness, and response error, and mapped them on different model parameters. We selected five natural language quantifiers ( few , fewer than half , many , more than half , and most ), which we expected to differ in the model parameters. We collected response data in an online experiment and fitted a Bayesian three-parameter logistic regression model. By applying the k-means clustering algorithm to the model’s parameters, we found three subgroups of participants with different semantic representations of quantifiers and the organization of the mental line of quantifiers. Moreover, we found asymmetry between positive and negative quantifiers in response error and vagueness. This finding supports the view that logical words, like content words, are sensitive to individual differences, and hence it challenges the logical theories of meaning. This suggests that response error reflects general cognitive ability.
Optimization of geometrical design of clinching tools in clinching process with extensible dies

Due to the importance of geometrical design of clinching tools, the clinching process with extensible dies was investigated numerically and experimentally to seek for optimal parameters of clinching tools in this study. The joining parameters, including punch corner radius, sliding distance, die depth and bottom thickness, were optimized using the orthogonal experimental design simulation method based on the evaluation of tensile strength. The simulation results were validated through an experimental setup testing on material aluminum alloy Al5052. The orthogonal experimental design simulation results showed reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. To further investigate the validation of the simulation model, the different bottom thicknesses within a reasonable range of value were studied. The results also indicated that the simulation model could be employed to predict the joint forming by the clinching process with extensible dies.
Comment on nhess-2021-250

First, landslide likelihood exhibits consistent continuous increase with slope across the range of slopes for which there is sufficient data to resolve a likelihood. To me this appears to contradict other recent findings that there is a threshold slope above which landslide likelihood flat-lines or even declines (Marc et al. (2018), for a subset of the inventories examined here, and Prancevic et al (2020), for shallow landslides). Why do you think these studies find such different behaviour?
Liver enzyme evaluation and NAT2 polymorphism in patients on anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs at Jamot Hospital in Yaound-Cameroon

Hepatotoxicity is reported frequently as an adverse reaction during tuberculosis (TB) and HIV treatment. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver enzymes activities variation in TB and TB-HIV co-infected patients at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon. From April 2018 to May 2019, 336 treatment-naïve TB patients were enrolled. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and total bilirubin were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Blood was spotted on filter paper for DNA extraction by the chelex method. Standard nested PCR followed by restriction enzyme analysis with KpnI, TaqI, and BamHI to detect NAT2 polymorphisms was performed. TB-HIV co-infection prevalence was 29.46%. There was a significant rise of transaminases (p < 0.05) at baseline in TB-HIV co-infected patients. At 12 weeks, there was a substantial rise of transaminases in TB patients, and total bilirubin in TB-HIV co-infected patients (p < 0.05). The prevalence of slow and fast acetylators was 85.71 and 14.29%, respectively. NAT2*5/5 and NAT2*5/6 genotypes were most represented. Slow acetylating NAT2 phenotype was significantly associated with drug hepatotoxicity (p < 0.05). The prevalence of TB-HIV co-infections remains high, and the rise in transaminases is linked to the slow acetylating NAT2 phenotype. samples successively over three days after microscopic parallel, blood and strict The separated by centrifugation 3000 (g) 5 aliquots done, at -20°C for subsequent analyses. Anti-HIV antibodies were determined using the blood by immuno- chromatography using ALERE Determine, and all positive cases were confirmed using Oraquick. An aliquot of the serum was then used to determine the serum enzymes activities of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) by kinetic method, and the total bilirubin using colorimetric method. The kinetic method for determining ALT and AST was based on the recommended International Federation of Chemistry (IFCC). Hepatotoxicity was defined as elevated aminotransferase levels and identified as three times higher than normal before initiating TB treatment, with associated symptoms considered jaundice, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and asthenia. The reference values adopted were AST 37 UI/mL and ALT 40 UI/mL, ALP 92 UI/mL and total bilirubin
Delta/ Omicron and Omicron/BA.2 co-infections occurring in Immunocompromised hosts

Concomitant infection of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has become an increasing concern, as this scenario increases the likelihood of recombinant variants. Detecting co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants is difficult to detect by whole genome sequencing approaches, but genotyping methods facilitate detection. We describe 2 cases of Delta/Omicron and 2 cases of Omicron/ BA.2 co-infection as detected by a multiplex genotyping fragment analysis method. Findings were confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Review of the patient characteristics revealed co-morbidities and conditions which weaken the immune system and may make them more susceptible to harboring SARS-CoV-2 variant co-infections.
Proteasome inhibition enhances myeloma oncolytic reovirus therapy by suppressing monocytic anti-viral immune responses

Reovirus is an oncolytic virus with natural tropism for cancer cells. We previously showed that reovirus intravenous administration in myeloma patients was safe, but disease control associated with viral replication in the cancer cells was not observed. Here we show that ex vivo proteasome inhibitors (PIs) potentiate reovirus replication in circulating classical monocytes, increasing viral delivery to myeloma cells. We found that the anti-viral signals in monocytes primarily rely on the NF-kB activation and that this effect is impaired by the addition of PIs. Conversely, PIs improved reovirus-induced monocyte and T cell activation against cancer cells. Based on these preclinical data, we conducted a phase 1b trial of the reovirus Pelareorep together with the PI carfilzomib in 13 heavily pretreated bortezomib-resistant MM patients. Objective responses associated with reovirus active replication in MM cells, T cell activation and monocytic expansion were noted in 70% of patients.