Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Representations of Food-Related Attributes in the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex in Health and Disease Abbreviated Title : Taste & Health Information in Orbitofrontal Cortex

Affiliations 1Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain, Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 10027 2Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 10027 3Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA 10032 4New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, NY, USA 10032 5The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 10027 ⁋Current address: Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 60637 Correspondence to: alice.xue@columbia.edu (AMX) and bakkour@uchicago.edu (AB)
Estimation of Uplift Capacity of Helical Anchors in Clays

Currently, helical anchors are being extensively used in the construction of transmission tower foundations, pipelines, and braced excavations. To arrive at the uplift capacity of these anchors, it is necessary to assume certain type of failure surface and in a few cases, cylindrical failure surface has been suggested. However, in this type of formulations the effect of spacing of helical plates is to be given due consideration and in the present study, this aspect has been taken into account. Pullout tests are conducted on four type of model anchors fabricated with different number of helical plates and spacing ratios in soft marine clay. From the test results, it is found that continuous cylindrical failure surfaces are formed in the case of anchors with helical plates spaced at a spacing ratio of 1.5. But in the case of anchors with helical plates at higher spacing ratios, well-defined cylindrical failure surfaces could not be observed and in these cases; empirical formulations are suggested to estimate the capacities. The suggested formulations are verified with the reported lab and field test results and are found to be in good agreement.
Leaf-trait Variation of Tundra Plants along a Climatic Gradient: An Integration of Responses in Evergreen and Deciduous Species

To understand response patterns of leaf traits in tundra plants against decreasing annual season length comprehensively, a graphic model based on carbon balance theory was presented. The model predicted that leaves with very short life-span and high nitrogen concentration (Nmass) or leaves with very long life-span and small Nmass will be dominate under the conditions of a short growing season. To test this prediction, leaf life-span and other leaf traits of 26 tundra species were compared among four sites selected along a gradient of climatic harshness: a subalpine site at Abisko in northern Sweden, two nearby mid-alpine sites at Latnjajaure with early and late snowmelt, and a site at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard) in the High Arctic. In herbaceous and deciduous shrub species, leaf life-span and/ or leaf mass per unit area (LMA) tended to decrease, and leaf Nmass tended to increase along the climatic gradient with decreasing growing season and lower temperatures. In evergreen shrub species, both leaf life-span and leaf Nmass tended to increase under harsh conditions, but the response pattern of LMA was less clear. Deciduous species produced short-lived leaves with a low construction cost and probably high photosynthetic potential, whereas evergreen species produced long-lived leaves. The contrastive patterns of leaf-trait variation between the deciduous and evergreen plants observed in this study were concordant with the prediction of the model.
JPET #206425 1 Evaluation of Oatp and Mrp2 Activities in Hepatobiliary Excretion using Newly Developed Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracer, [C]Dehydropravastatin, in Rats

RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan (T.S., Y.K., T.O., E.H., Y.C., Y.Wada, Y.Wata) RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Sciences, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan (T.S., T.T., R.I., Y.K., T.O. E.H., Y.C., Y.Wada, M.S., Y.Wata) Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (X.Z., T.O., K.M, H.K.) JPET Fast Forward. Published on August 7, 2013 as DOI:10.1124/jpet.113. 206425
Compliance of Blood Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients to Colorectal Screening Guidelines

Background There is a wide range of options for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the average-risk population. However, screening tests for CRC vary regarding the degree of supporting evidence. Colonoscopy, Satisfaction, and Safety Questionnaire based on patients’ experience (CSSQP). Aim of the Study To study the compliance of blood relatives of patients with colorectal cancer to colorectal cancer screening. Subject and Methods This cross-sectional study included 134 participants of blood relatives of CRC patients undergoing colonoscopy following primary care or secondary care referrals, after exclusion of those who refused to take part, and subjects already having or had cancer elsewhere. This work was conducted in Internal Medicine Department, Zagazig University Hospitals. All participants in this study completed a questionnaire, which comprised a pre-procedure questionnaire that included name, age, residence, history of smoking, history of bleeding problems, history of colonoscopy, and family history of colon cancer. Results The age of the studied cases ranged from 19 to 66 years with a mean of 44.08 years. Regarding the sex distribution, 53% were male. Most of the study group were married (84.3%). More than half of the studied group were educated (57.2%). The most frequent occupations were professional (29.1%). Of the studied cases, 60.4% had enough income and 47.8% were smokers. The study group had no history of other malignancy or previous colonoscopy. All the studied cases refused colonoscopy for screening, but 91% of them accepted CRC genetic tests and all of them accepted any other tests like stool analysis or CT scan. Regarding advising others to do a colonoscopy, 66.4% advised cases with symptoms to do a colonoscopy. Finally, 82.8% of the studied group preferred medical treatment if they had symptoms. There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of acceptance of CRC genetic tests among educated compared to non-educated and among those who had enough income compared to those who did not have enough income. Conclusion Providing non-invasive screening choices can augment participation in programs for colorectal cancer screening. The success of a screening program depends on having tests with acceptable performance, but also on the willingness of the target population to take part. This study showed that offering non-invasive tests, options significantly increase compliance to colorectal cancer screening.
Measuring the Regional Economic Response to Hurricane Katrina

Catastrophic events such as natural disasters have an enormous impact on regional economies. In fact, a vast literature on the economic impact of hurricanes, tornadoes and other disasters exists (Ewing, Kruse and Sutter 2007). A strand of this research utilizes regional labor market and output measures as indicators of regional well-being and recovery. In particular, many time series econometric studies examine the economic impacts by comparing preand post-disaster periods, primarily using variations of event study techniques and intervention analysis. As such, previous researchers have generally focused on obtaining post-event periods that were as long as possible in order to increase the number of post-disaster data points. One drawback of the event study line of research is that it does not provide ‘real time’ assessments of the impact of major disasters. Another issue deals with the choice of the appropriate performance measure to capture the economic condition of the region. In this paper, we illustrate how the use of regional-level (i.e. US state) coincident indexes may be used to infer the extent and magnitude of a natural disaster on a local economy.
Estimating volcanic plume heights from depositional clast size

[1] Tephra deposits retain a considerable amount of information about the nature of volcanic eruptions, with plume height commonly inferred from maximum clast size measurements. However, current methods for inferring plume height from maximum clast size lose some of the accuracy in measurements made in the field and have limited application when trying to constrain the uncertainty in these parameters. Here a predictive numerical model is used to determine plume height from maximum clast size found in a deposit. Plume height is an essential parameter for inferring eruption magnitude as it is explicitly related to mass eruption rate. We investigate the effects of different atmospheric and wind profiles, allowing the input conditions to be location specific for each eruption. The use of a predictive model reduces the uncertainty in determining plume height as it retains the detail of measurements made in the field and incorporates the uncertainty in these measurements in the results, in the form of a probability distribution. We have applied this approach to fall deposits from the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo, one of the few Plinian eruptions in which the true height of the plume is well known. The predicted plume heights are in good agreement with those found from satellite measurements. This new approach provides a method for determining plume height from poorly preserved fall deposits, from which a limited amount of data can be sampled leading to large uncertainties in the field measurements.
Broadband Coding with Dynamic Synapses

Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) can significantly alter the amplitudes of synaptic responses in ways that depend on presynaptic history. Thus, it is widely assumed that STP acts as a filter for specific patterns of presynaptic inputs, and as a result can play key roles in neuronal information processing. To evaluate this assumption and directly quantify the effects of STP on information transmission, we consider a population of independent synaptic inputs to a model neuron. We show using standard information theoretic approaches that the changes in synaptic response amplitude resulting from STP interact with the related effects on fluctuations in membrane conductance, such that information transmission is broadband (no frequency-dependent filtering occurs), regardless of whether synaptic depression or facilitation dominates. Interestingly, this broadband transmission is preserved in the postsynaptic spike train as long as the postsynaptic neuron's baseline firing rate is relatively high; in contrast, low baseline firing rates lead to STP-dependent effects. Thus, background inputs that control the firing state of a postsynaptic neuron can gate the effects of STP on information transmission.
Analysis of Cu and Pb in the sediments of Kakum River, its estuary and tributaries

This paper discusses the levels of some heavy metals (Cu and Pb) in the soil sediments of the Kakum River, its estuary and tributaries. Samples were collected at five sites, two at the estuary of River Kakum (MZ and TZ) and the other at confluence of three of its tributaries, namely Nkontro, Kakum and Sruwe. The total Cu concentrations were found to be: Nkontro, 4.656 mg/kg > Kakum, 3.197 > Sruwe 3.16 mg/kg kg > MZ, 1.893 mg/kg > TZ, 1.277 mg. The total lead concentrations were as follows: Nkontro, 6.611 mg/kg > Kakum, 6.063 mg/kg > MZ, 3.983 mg/kg > Sruwe, 3.901 mg/kg > TZ, 3.038 mg/kg. Generally, both Cu and Pb in the sediment (residue) at the five sites follow the trend Sruwe >Kakum > TZ > MZ, while the trend for the leachate was MZ > Kakum > TZ. The levels of both metals in the leachate at site MZ were higher compared to the levels at site TZ. The contamination factors and geo-accumulation index values suggest that the sediments of the river at the selected sites were not polluted with Pb and Cu.
Hysteresis in mantle convection: Plate tectonics systems

We use simulations of mantle convection with surface yielding to show that multiple tectonic regimes are possible for equivalent system parameter values. Models with the same lithospheric strength parameters and the same vigor of convection can display different modes of tectonics. Within the region of multiple solutions, the evolutionary pathway of the system is the dominant factor that determines the tectonic mode (e.g., whether mantle convection operates in a plate tectonic like mode). The extent of the multiple regimes window is found to increase with the temperature‐dependent viscosity contrast across the system. The implication for models that seek to predict the tectonic regimes of planets is that the temporal evolution of the planet needs to be taken into account. A further implication is that modeling studies can lead to different conclusions regarding the tectonic state of a planet, extra‐solar planets in particular, despite the final model parameter values remaining equivalent.
COVID-19 Infections Among Healthcare Personnel in the United States Veterans Health Administration, March to August, 2020

OBJECTIVE: We investigated COVID-19 infection and death among healthcare personnel (HCP) in the United States Veterans Health Administration. METHODS: HCP with positive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests between March 1 and August 31, 2020 were included. Risk ratios were calculated for sex, age, race/ethnicity, Veteran status, occupation category, facility of employment by inpatient COVID-19 test percent positivity and death. RESULTS: Five thousand nine hundred twenty five HCP were COVID-19-infected out of 131,606 tested (4.5% positivity). Highest risk for COVID-19 infection included: HCP working in hospitals with more than 15% inpatient COVID-19 test positivity, nursing staff, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic or Latino HCP and HCP who were Veterans. Among 18 HCP who died after COVID-19 infection, male sex, age more than or equal to 65 years, and Veteran status were significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Robust national surveillance testing methods are needed to accurately monitor HCP COVID-19 infections and deaths to improve HCP safety.
Deep sternal infections after in situ bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting for left ventricular myocardial revascularization

Background: The incidence and potential factors influencing deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) in a cohort of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using skeletonized bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) was explored. Furthermore, we studied influence of DSWI on long-term survival, major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and repeat coronary revascularization (RCR). Methods: The study cohort consisted of 1,325 consecutive patients who were divided in two groups: patients experiencing DSWI (n=33, group 1) and those who did not have sternal infection (n=1,292, group 2). A logistic regression model was employed to find predictors of DSWI whereas Cox regression and a competing risk models were carried out to test predictors of late death, MACE and RCR, respectively. Follow up was 100% complete and ranged from 1 to 245 months. Median follow-up was 103 months (IQR, 61 to 189 months). Cumulative follow-up was 16,430 patient years. Results: The incidence of DSWI was 2.4%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found any single independent predictor of DSWI. However, the association of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and diabetes increased the risk by 1.4 and 1.6 times. When DM was associated with obesity the risk increased by 2.1 and 2.6 times compared to the single factors, respectively. Obese female patients were at a 1.6-fold higher risk when compared to the association of DM with obesity. DSWI was not an independent predictor of long-term survival (HR, 2.31; 95% CI: 0.59–9.12), RCR (SHR, 2.89; 95% CI: 0.65–10.12), or MACE (SHR, 1.98; 95% CI: 0.44–8.56). Conclusions: With an accurate patient selection (i.e., exclusion of obese diabetic females) and strict DM control BITA represents a first choice for most of CABG patients, even at high risk for DSWI. The occurrence of DSWI does not influence long-term survival and late outcomes. Our findings should be confirmed by further larger research .
Testosterone and Adult Male Bone: Actions Independent of 5 > -Reductase and Aromatase

BORST. Testosterone and adult male bone: actions independent of 5 > -reductase and aromatase. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 222 Y 230, 2015. Androgens and estrogens influence skeletal development and maintenance in males. However, the relative contributions of the circulating sex steroid hormones that originate from testicular/adrenal secretion versus those produced locally in bone via intracrine action require further elucidation. Our novel hypothesis is that testosterone exerts direct protective effects on the adult male skeleton independently of the actions of 5 > -reductase or aromatase. Key
Ecology of eelgrass meadows in the Pacific Northwest: a community profile

DISCLAIMER The mention o f t r a d e names i n t h i s r e p o r t does not c o n s t i t u t e e n d o r s e m e n t or reccmneradation f o r use by the Federal Government. PREFACE Nearly half the population of the United States lives adjacent to coastal waters or to the shores of the Great Lakes. The recreational and economic pressures that accompany this residential pattern are invariably exerted on the nearshore coastal environment and its estuaries. Until recently, we have been accustomed to viewing the oceanic province as being immune to adverse impacts resulting from mild human activity. However, since the large-scale decline of eelgrass (zostera marina L.) in the North Atlantic in the 1 9 3 0 ' ~ ~ caused by a natural rise in water temperature, we are aware that dramatic and important changes can and do occur in marine ecosystems. Human activity now is increasing so that we may no longer be passive observers of such changes. This community profile has been developed to synthesize information on the structure and function of eelgrass meadows in the P a c i f i c N o r t h w e s t a n d t h e i r interrelationships with adjacent communities in the estuarine environment. Cowardin et al. (1979) classified this habitat as occurring in the Columbian province, estuarine system, intertidal and subtidal subsystems, aquatic bed class, and rooted vascular subclass. Water regimes vary from irregularly exposed (intertidal) to subtidal. Water chemistry is mesohaline (mixohaline: 5.0 ppt-18.0 ppt; polyhaline: 18.0 ppt-30.0 ppt) and euhaline (30.0 ppt-40.0 ppt). The text is organized on a taxonomic and functional basis. In Chapter 1 the physiographic setting of the Pacific Northwest eelgrass habitats is presented. Chapter 2 describes the biology of eelgrass in the province. In the next chapters the functional roles (Chapter 3) and components of the eelgrass community (Chapter 4) are described. Chapter 5 describes the interactions of the eelgrass community with adjacent communities. The report concludes with management considerations (Chapter 6). As with research on specific communities in any area, there are certain gaps in the data on eelgrass of the Pacific Northwest. Research in this region has emphasized the biology, biotic components, trophic relationships, and productivity of the plants. Thus, …
AIRSAR/TOPSAR Image Processing and Interpretation: An Application Example in Far West Texas, U.S.A.

Abstract JPL/NASA's AIRSAR/TOPSAR is a multipolarimetric, multifrequency, and interferometric airborne synthetic aperture radar capable of imaging in C‐, L‐, and P‐ bands (5.7, 24.5, and 68 cm) with 10 m spatial resolution. This paper introduces and explains 5 conversion processes that users need to apply to data products received from JPL's integrated AIRSAR processor. Numerical algorithms and approaches to remove both speckle and banding noises that are common in AIRSAR data have been investigated and evaluated. Among statistical adaptive speckle removal algorithms, G‐MAP (Gamma Maximum A Posteriori) had the best performance. For banding removal, a new method that we call combined principal components analysis (CPCA) has been developed. This method is proved very effective with our data. Radar signature differences were studied and compared at different wavelengths and between radar and optical (ETM+) images. Some subsurface objects (like water pipelines) were clearly visible in the radar images, especially from the P‐ band. Data fusion based on the color transform technique was employed to integrate Landsat 7 (30 m ETM+ data fused with the accompanying 15 m panchromatic data) and TOPSAR data after speckle and banding removal. The resulting fused image (10 m) brought out new features that were not evident in the original images and helped identify many features whose origin was not clear in the original images.
Trends in the rainfall pattern over India

New monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall time series of 36 meteorological subdivisions of India were constructed using the monthly rainfall data for the period 1901–2003 of fixed network of 1476 rain gauge stations. In the new network, on an average, there is one rain gauge station for every 3402 Sq km area. The new rainfall series is temporally as well as spatially homogenous. Linear trend analysis was carried out to examine the long‐term trends in rainfall over different subdivisions and monthly contribution of each of the monsoon months to annual rainfall. During the south‐west monsoon season, three subdivisions viz. Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Kerala showed significant decreasing trend and eight subdivisions viz. Gangetic WB, West UP, Jammu and Kashmir, Konkan and Goa, Madhya Maharashtra subdivision, Rayalseema, Coastal AP and North Interior Karnataka showed significant increasing trends. It has been found that the contribution of June, July and September rainfall to annual rainfall is decreasing for few subdivisions while contribution of August rainfall is increasing in few other subdivisions. EOF analysis is also done to know the spatial distribution of rainfall. The all India Monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series constructed based on the 1476 stations are also reported. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Detailed Echocardiographic Phenotyping in Breast Cancer Patients Associations With Ejection Fraction Decline , Recovery , and Heart Failure Symptoms Over 3 Years of Follow-Up

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease in patients with breast cancer is of growing concern. The longitudinal effects of commonly used therapies, including doxorubicin and trastuzumab, on cardiac remodeling and function remain unknown in this population. We aimed to define the changes in echocardiographic parameters of structure, function, and ventricular-arterial coupling, and their associations with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and heart failure symptoms.