Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the spontaneous magnetic field in a conducting liquid in turbulent motion

Several recent investigations in geophysics and astrophysics have involved a consideration of the hydrodynamics of a fluid which is a good electrical conductor. In this paper one of the problems which seem likely to arise in such investigations is discussed. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and in homogeneous turbulent motion, and externally imposed electric and magnetic fields are assumed to be absent. The equations governing the interaction of the electromagnetic field and the turbulent motion are set up with the same assumptions as are used to obtain the Maxwell and current flow equations for a metallic conductor. It is shown that the equation for the magnetic field is identical in form with that for the vorticity in a non-conducting fluid; immediate deductions are that lines of magnetic force move with the fluid when the conductivity is infinite, and that the small-scale components of the turbulence have the more powerful effect on the magnetic field. The first question considered is the stability of a purely hydrodynamical system to small disturbing magnetic fields, and it is shown that the magnetic energy of the disturbance will increase provided the conductivity is greater than a critical value determined by the viscosity of the fluid. The rate of growth of magnetic energy is approximately exponential, with a doubling time which can be simply related to the properties of the turbulence. General mechanical considerations suggest that a steady state is reached when the magnetic field has as much energy as is contained in the small-scale components of the turbulence. Estimates of this amount of energy and of the region of the spectrum in which it will lie are given in terms of observable properties of the turbulence.
Modification of Sugar Profile and Ripening in Atemoya (Annona × atemoya Mabb.) Fruits through Copper Hydroxide Application

Atemoya (Annona × atemoya Mabb.), a climacteric fruit of the Annonaceae family, is becoming increasingly popular due to its organoleptic and nutritional properties. Anthracnose, a fungus of the Colletotrichum genus, is one of the most serious diseases in orchards, causing significant damage if not controlled, so producers use phytosanitary products. The current study sought to investigate the quality of atemoya fruits after harvest in an orchard with anthracnose controlled by Cu(OH)2 application: T1—no Cu(OH)2, T2—7.8 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into two applications, T3—15.6 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into four, T4—8.0 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into eight, and T5—13.0 mL Cu(OH)2 L1 divided into thirteen applications. The sugar profile of fruits was examined, as well as MDA, H2O2, and quality parameters such as pH, mass, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and maturation index. MDA, such as H2O2, can function as a signal molecule. Eight applications of 1.0 mL L-1 Cu(OH)2 resulted in increased concentrations of H2O2 and MDA, signal molecules involved in sugar modification profiles such as glucose, fructose, and trehalose. It also had a high titratable acidity, a lower maturation index, better fruit quality, and a longer shelf life.
Optical trapping of quantum dots in a metallic nanotrap

We present a novel optical trap structure for the confinement of a freely mobile quantum dot to a sub-diffraction-limited volume. We examine the optical forces on a single quantum dot, under excitonic resonance conditions, in the presence of resonantly enhanced electric fields in the near-field of a suitably engineered metal nanostructure. A numerical scheme to calculate the electromagnetic force on a quantum dot using an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) FDTD code combined with microscopic material equations is employed. Numerically derived forces on a single quantum dot are presented and it is shown that the dot may be confined in the proposed structure.
Prevalence, Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Avian Influenza in Wild Bird Populations in Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Since the first recorded outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus (H5N1) in South Korea in 2003, numerous sporadic outbreaks have occurred in South Korean duck and chicken farms, all of which have been attributed to avian influenza transmission from migratory wild birds. A thorough investigation of the prevalence and seroprevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds is critical for assessing the exposure risk and for directing strong and effective regulatory measures to counteract the spread of AIVs among wild birds, poultry, and humans. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, following the PRISMA guidelines, to generate a quantitative estimate of the prevalence and seroprevalence of AIVs in wild birds in South Korea. An extensive search of eligible studies was performed through electronic databases and 853 records were identified, of which, 49 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence and seroprevalence were estimated to be 1.57% (95% CI: 0.98, 2.51) and 15.91% (95% CI: 5.89, 36.38), respectively. The highest prevalence and seroprevalence rates were detected in the Anseriformes species, highlighting the critical role of this bird species in the dissemination of AIVs in South Korea. Furthermore, the results of the subgroup analysis also revealed that the AIV seroprevalence in wild birds varies depending on the detection rate, sample size, and sampling season. The findings of this study demonstrate the necessity of strengthening the surveillance for AIV in wild birds and implementing strong measures to curb the spread of AIV from wild birds to the poultry population.
Continuum theory for two-dimensional complex plasma clusters

We develop a theoretical approach to obtain a new differential equation together with a new boundary condition for the density profile of two-dimensional clusters and apply it to the complex plasma case. In addition, we use the local-density approximation for the interaction energy and consider finite size effects. In this case, our differential equation and the previously used reduce to the same. By using the new boundary condition, a scale invariance appears and the obtained scale function can be used in many systems beyond complex plasmas. The obtained equations are confronted with molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the dependence of the system's size and the density profile with the number of particles, N, agrees very well with the results obtained from simulations. The theory has a surprisingly good accuracy for small systems (8 < N < 500). Moreover, we find by simulations that, for a given external potential, the final configuration from an experiment or simulation can provide us, at most, with two possible values for each interaction parameter, the charge and the screening length.
Natural Convection in a Quadrantal Cavity Heated and Cooled on Adjacent Walls

In this study, experimental and numerical analyses of natural convection in a quadrantal cavity heated and cooled on adjacent walls have been made to examine heat and fluid flow. Experinaental studies involve the use of the particle tracing method that enables us to visualize the flow pattern in the enclosure. Numerical solutions are obtained using a commercial computational fluid dynamics package, FLUENT, using the finite volume method. Water is used as the working fluid. Effects of the Rayleigh number, Ra, on the Nusselt number, Nu, as well as velocity and temperature fields are investigated for the range of Ra from 10 3 to 10 7 . A new approach is suggested to overcome the singularity at the corner joining the differentially heated isothermal walls when determining Nu. This novel approach is justified through the purely analytical conduction solution. The experimental and numerical results are shown to agree fairly well. Finally, a correlation for Nu is developed.
Regional Heterogeneity in China’s Rural Collectively Owned Commercialized Land Market: An Empirical Analysis from 2015–2020

The ongoing collectively owned commercialized construction land market (CCCLM), established in China in 2015, calls for a deeper understanding of the market’s performance so as to promote integrated urban-rural development. This study provides an empirical analysis of the regional heterogeneity of CCCLM, based on 4595 collectively owned commercialized construction land (CCCL) transaction cases around the country from 2015 to 2020. The marketization degree measured with a weighted average approach indicates that the marketization level of CCCL is low, and typical pilots have a significant demonstration effect. The results show that pilot areas in the east have more active CCCL transactions, with higher quantities, areas, and transaction values of CCCL compared with central and western regions. However, most pilot areas use villagers’ self-governance organizations or mixed subjects as the implementation players, and trade CCCL by negotiation or listed conveyance. It turns out that the value of CCCL cannot be better realized in such a market environment because of its low degree of specialization and marketization. This study presents comprehensive empirical evidence for promoting the construction of the rural land market in China and in other transition economies worldwide.
Side-gate effects on transfer characteristics in GaN-based transversal filters

We examine the transfer characteristics of transversal filters with side gates fabricated on unintentionally doped GaN layers grown on (0001) sapphire substrates. By positively biasing the side gates, the transfer characteristics of the filters are efficiently improved, which means that GaN-based transversal filters with side gates are potentially applicable for filtering and modulating rf signals. We further examine the capacitance in an interdigital transducer, which decreases when the side-gate bias voltage increases. This indicates that the variation in the transfer characteristics is likely to be attributable to a change in the depletion-layer thickness in the GaN layers.
Pengaruh Gratitude dan Dukungan Sosial terhadap Psychological Well-Being Wanita Dewasa Awal Bekerja yang Belum Menikah

Menikah adalah salah satu tugas perkembangan masa dewasa awal, namun kenyataannya saat ini banyak wanita dewasa awal belum menikah. Terdapat beberapa hal yang menjadi alasan mengapa banyak wanita yang belum menikah, salah satunya karena telah bekerja. Keadaan wanita yang bekerja tersebut membawa akibat lain bagi tugas perkembangan mereka, salah satunya adalah menikah. Kondisi tersebut terkadang memberikan dampak bagi diri mereka. Status wanita yang belum menikah tersebut terkadang akan mempengaruhi well-being mereka. Terdapat penelitian yang menyatakan wanita yang belum menikah memiliki psychological well-being yang baik, namun ada juga yang mengatakan wanita yang belum menikah memiliki psychological well-being yang kurang baik. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena karena kurangnya rasa syukur (gratitude) serta tidak mendapat dukungan sosial dari lingkungan sekitar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gratitude dan dukungan dosial terhadap psychological well-being wanita dewasa awal bekerja yang belum menikah. Teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan snowball sampling dengan kriteria penelitian yaitu wanita bekerja yang belum menikah dan berusia 25 – 40 tahun yang berjumlah 157 orang. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala Psychological Well-Being, Skala Gratitude dan skala Dukungan Sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gratitude dan dukungan sosial memberikan pengaruh positif secara bersama-sama terhadap psychological well-being wanita dewasa awal bekerja yang belum menikah yang artinya semakin tinggi gratitude dan dukungan sosial yang dimiliki maka semakin tinggi pula psychological well-being wanita dewasa awal bekerja yang belum menikah, dengan nilai Sig. 000.9
Analysis of Dynamics and Diversity of Microbial Community during Production of Germinated Brown Rice

Sprouts may be contaminated with different pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, which lead far too easily to foodborne outbreaks. The elucidations of microbial profiles in germinated brown rice (BR) are important, but the changes in the microbial composition during germination are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the microbiota composition and to monitor the dominant microbial dynamics in BR during germination using both culture-independent and -dependent methods. BR samples (HLJ2 and HN) were collected from each stage of the germination processing. The populations of microbes (total viable counts, yeast/mold counts, Bacillus cereus, and Enterobacteriaceae) of two BR cultivars increased markedly with the prolongation of the germination time. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) showed that the germination process significantly influenced the microbial composition and reduced the microbial diversity. Similar microbial communities were observed between the HLJ2 and the HN samples, but with different microbial richness. The bacterial and fungal alpha diversity achieved the maximum for ungerminated samples and declined significantly after soaking and germination. During germination, Pantoea, Bacillus, and Cronobacter were the dominant bacterial genera, but Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Coniothyrium dominated for the fungi in the BR samples. The predominance of harmful and spoilage microorganisms in BR during germination is mainly from contaminated seeds, which highlights the potential risk of foodborne illness from sprouted BR products. The results provide new insight into the microbiome dynamics of BR and may help to establish effective decontamination measures against pathogenic microorganisms during sprout production.
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Clarithromycin Resistance Determinants in Helicobacter pylori in the Northeast of Spain: A One-Year Prospective Study

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most widespread infections, and it is reaching alarming resistance levels worldwide. The recommended first-line empirical treatment differs according to the local rate of clarithromycin resistance. Macrolide resistance is mainly associated with three point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. The aim of this study was to describe the antibiotic susceptibility of H. pylori in our healthcare area and the main mechanisms involved in clarithromycin resistance. Gastric biopsies (n = 641) were collected and cultured in a one-year prospective study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by gradient diffusion. A multiplex real-time PCR test (AllplexTM H.pylori & ClariR Assay, Seegene) was used to detect the most frequent mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance. Overall, 141 isolates were available for antibiotic susceptibility testing. The highest resistance rates were detected in metronidazole and levofloxacin. The rate of clarithromycin resistance was 12.1%, and the associated mutations were A2143G and A2142G. More than half of the clarithromycin-resistant isolates presented high MIC values (>256 mg/L). Tetracycline resistance was not detected, suggesting that therapies that contain tetracycline could be a suitable option. The low clarithromycin resistance rate coupled with the high rates of metronidazole resistance may support the recovery of the classical triple therapy in our healthcare area.
Parental Factors Associated with Child or Adolescent Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review

Medication adherence, especially among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders, is often seen as a major treatment challenge. The purpose of this study is to systematically review studies addressing specific aspects of parental factors that are positively or negatively associated with medication adherence among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. A systematic literature search of English language publications, from inception through December 2021, was conducted from PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases. This review has complied with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. A total of 23 studies (77,188 participants) met inclusion criteria. Nonadherence rates ranged between 8% to 69%. Parents’ socioeconomic background, family living status and functioning, parents’ perception and attitude towards the importance of medication taking in treating psychiatric disorders, and parents’ mental health status are significant parental characteristics associated with medication adherence in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, by identifying specific parental characteristics related to the medication adherence of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders, targeted interventions on parents could be developed to guide parents in improving their child’s medication adherence.
The post-processing approach in the finite element method—part 1: Calculation of displacements, stresses and other higher derivatives of the displacements

This is the first in a series of three papers in which we discuss a method for ‘post-processing’ a finite element solution to obtain high accuracy approximations for displacements, stresses, stress intensity factors, etc. Rather than take the values of these quantities ‘directly’ from the finite element solution, we evaluate certain weighted averages of the solution over the entire region. These yield approximations are of the same order of accuracy as the strain energy. We obtain error estimates, and also present some numerical examples to illustrate the practical effectiveness of the technique. In the third paper of this series we address the matters of adaptive mesh selection and a posteriori error estimation.
Prevalence and determinants of lymphedema in newly diagnosed Nigerian breast cancer patients using bioimpedance estimations

Background Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is common and has significant impact on quality of life. Very little is known about BCRL in sub-Saharan Africa. Generally, BCRL has been mostly evaluated post treatment, with very limited data on the prevalence of pre-treatment BCRL at baseline. This study presents the prevalence and clinical associations of lymphedema among newly diagnosed, treatment-naive breast cancer patients in a Nigerian cohort using bioimpedance estimations. Methods Consecutively consenting, newly diagnosed, treatment-naive breast cancer patients were assessed for upper limb lymphedema using bioimpedance measurements of the extracellular fluid and the single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis value at 5 kHz. Patients were classified as having lymphedema if there was >10% difference in arm measurements or if the ratios of the arm measurements were >3 SD above a normative mean generated from representative controls. Regression analysis was performed to determine clinical variables associated with lymphedema. Results There were 154 breast cancer patients with a median age of 47 (40.0–56.8) years and a body mass index of 27 (23.5–30.9) kg/m2. The majority (70%) had stage III disease. All measurements were significantly higher in cases than controls. Using various definitions, the prevalence of lymphedema was between 11.7% and 14.3%. Various clinical variables relating to clinical stage were significantly associated with lymphedema. Conclusion The predominance of locally advanced disease in the Nigerian setting is associated with high pre-treatment lymphedema rates. This may set the stage for higher rates in the post-operative setting. Management of lymphedema should be incorporated into the treatment planning.
Characterization of a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Vectored Recombinant Virus Bearing Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant

The frequent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants thwarts the prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures confronting COVID-19. Among them, the Delta variant attracts widespread attention due to its high pathogenicity and fatality rate compared with other variants. However, with the emergence of new variants, studies on Delta variants have been gradually weakened and ignored. In this study, a replication-competent recombinant virus carrying the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was established based on the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which presented a safe alternative model for studying the Delta variant. The recombinant virus showed a replication advantage in Vero E6 cells, and the viral titers reach 107.3 TCID50/mL at 36 h post-inoculation. In the VSV-vectored recombinant platform, the spike proteins of the Delta variant mediated higher fusion activity and syncytium formation than the wild-type strain. Notably, the recombinant virus was avirulent in BALB/c mice, Syrian hamsters, 3-day ICR suckling mice, and IFNAR/GR−/− mice. It induced protective neutralizing antibodies in rodents, and protected the Syrian hamsters against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection. Meanwhile, the eGFP reporter of recombinant virus enabled the visual assay of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, the recombinant virus could be a safe and convenient surrogate tool for authentic SARS-CoV-2. This efficient and reliable model has significant potential for research on viral-host interactions, epidemiological investigation of serum-neutralizing antibodies, and vaccine development.
The effect of emotion regulation on executive function

ABSTRACT Emotion regulation and executive function are associated. However, if – and how – these two processes affect one another has not previously been explored; most studies have employed a correlational approach, leaving the direction of influence unknown. Using an experimental design, we aimed to explore the impact of emotion regulation on executive functioning. Adult participants (N = 31) completed a computerized executive functioning task under a neutral/baseline condition and three emotion regulation conditions: (1) positive mood-maintain, (2) negative mood-maintain, (3) negative mood-reduce. Relative to baseline, participants demonstrated better set-shifting performance across regulation conditions (likely reflecting practice effects). In contrast, inhibitory control performance in the emotion regulation conditions was slower, suggesting that inhibitory control may be more involved in the emotion regulation process than set-shifting. The present study provides preliminary evidence that individuals' executive function may be affected by concurrent emotion regulation demands; additional experiments are necessary to further probe the complexity of this association.
First-principles investigation of electronic, structural, and vibrational properties of a-Si 3 N 4

Moreover, we address the Raman spectrum which is compared with available experimental data. Electronic structure and vibrational properties of the point defects present in our model are also discussed. Densityfunctional and GW schemes appear to be appropriate for modeling materials based on silicon nitride. In particular, our modeling of silicon nitride achieved a successful level of comparison with experiments. This allows us to infer that a-Si3N4 features a high content of edge-sharing tetrahedra, which are absent in the crystalline phases of silicon nitride at ambient conditions.