Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Weitin Fault, Papua New Guinea, Ruptured Twice by Mw 8.0 and Mw 7.7 Earthquakes in 2000 and 2019

We determine the fault geometry and kinematic slip models of the 2019 Mw 7.7 and 2000 Mw 8.0 earthquakes in Papua New Guinea using measurements from optical image correlation and teleseismic waveforms. The 2000 earthquake ruptured an extensive fault system over a distance of ~150 km including the entire 60‐km long onshore segment of the Weitin fault and its offshore continuation southeast of New Ireland. The northern portion of the onshore Weitin fault segment ruptured again in 2019. Most of the moment was released by a compact, shallow, high stress‐drop slip patch on the northwestern continuation of the Weitin fault in the Saint George Channel, which was brought closer to failure by the 2000 earthquake. The two ruptures overlap over about 20 km but in fact mostly complement each other. Large dynamic stresses may have driven the partial rerupture of the Weitin fault during the 2019 event.
Postawy wobec palenia tytoniu wśród studentów pierwszego roku medycyny Tobacco smoking among the fi rst-year medical students

Summary: The studies have shown that despite studying medicine the rate of tobacco smokers among students is still high. Moreover, in Poland the incidence of smoking is increasing among the youngsters. The study was designed to assess the rate of smokers among the fi rst-year students of two consecutive courses at the Medical University of Gdansk and defi ne their attitudes towards tobacco smoking. The voluntary, multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed among 412 students. The rate of response was 100%. Twenty one percent of responders were current smokers (17% females and 28% men), whereas 7% declared previous smoking. There was no correlation between incidence of smoking among students and their parents (p = 0.11). 61% of smokers declared the will to give up their habit and of those 94% were aware of the negative impact of cigarettes on their health. In the group which did not declare the will to quit smoking only 75% knew what the impact of cigarettes on their health was; p = 0.02. Only 23% of smokers considered anti-nicotine therapy effective. Almost a half of smokers considered nicotine replacement therapy ineffective for them in quitting cigarette smoking. Conclusion: The rate of smokers among the fi rst-year medical students is lower than in general population, but it is still relatively high. However more than a half of smokers wants to give up their habit. Of those who are not willing to, 25% is not aware of the cigarettes’ impact on their health. These results call for further anti-nicotine actions. Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol. 2006; 74: 377–382
Buffer optimization for wide-bandgap RF and Power devices

The core of high performance and reliable operation of wide bandgap devices lie in the design of buffer layers. This thesis is primarily focused on the impact of the buffer on the operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, devoted to both RF GaN on Silicon Carbide (SiC) and power switching GaN on Silicon devices. The demand for higher power is increasing which requires improvement at the material and device level. Nominally undoped GaN is usually slightly n-type due to Nitrogen vacancies and impurities such as Oxygen acting as donors. A dopant such as Iron (Fe) and Carbon is used to make the buffer more insulating. Fe, an acceptor with the energy of 0.72 eV below the conduction band, sits on the Nitrogen site and has been quite successful in achieving an insulating buffer resulting in good RF performance. Carbon, on the other hand, is a better choice for the power industry which requires high breakdown voltages and has been able to deliver resistivity as high as 1013 Ω. cm. However, Carbon is a deep acceptor when on the Nitrogen site (CN ) with an acceptor trap level 0.9 eV above the valence band making the buffer p-type. A p-type buffer underneath the 2DEG forms a vertical p-n junction which can make the buffer float and act as a reservoir for time-dependent charge storage. A background level of Carbon will inherently be incorporated during GaN growth due to the presence of organic carrier gases in MOCVD. It is the role of this background Carbon in Fe doped buffer layers and its subsequent consequences, which forms the crux of this thesis. Wafers with all parameters identical but for the background Carbon level has been subjected to DC, Pulse I-V, transient and breakdown studies yielding valuable information about conduction mechanism in the buffer. Kink effect, which is a hysteresis in the output characteristics of a transistor, is shown to be strongly dependent on background Carbon density. An explanation based on a "leaky dielectric" model of a floating semi-insulating GaN buffer together with conventional Fe and C deep-level defects has been tested and applied successfully. The proposed model is a more realistic approach in comparison to two other models reported in past which are based on unusual deep level defect properties and cannot be explained by conventional defect models. The proposed insight into the mechanism for kink offers a route to its control and suppression. Positive and negative magnitude drain current transient signals with 0.9 eV activation energy have been seen, corresponding to changes in the occupation of Carbon acceptors located in different regions of the GaN buffer. The observation of such signals from a single trap type also raise questions on conventional interpretations of these transients based on the bulk 1-D deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) models for GaN devices with floating regions.
Mechanical, thermo-mechanical and morphological characterization of ABS based composites loaded with perlite mineral

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer was filled with perlite mineral (PER) at four different loading level of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 15%. ABS/PER composites were produced using lab-scale micro-compounder followed by injection molding process. Mechanical, thermo-mechanical, melt-flow and morphological properties of composites were reported by tensile and impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), melt flow index (MFI) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Mechanical characterizations revealed that tensile strength, elongation and Youngs’ modulus of ABS were improved by PER inclusions. However, impact strength of ABS reduced with increase of PER concentration. Glass transition temperature of ABS displayed increasing trend for %5 concentration of PER. MFI test implied that PER addition caused slight decreasing for MFI value of unfilled ABS. Homogeneous dispersion of PER particles into ABS matrix for their lower loading level was obtained from SEM micrographs of composites. According to findings, 5% PER containing sample exhibited the best performance and it was remarked as the most suitable candidate among fabricated ABS based composites.
Effect of Milling Conditions on the Microstructural Design in Aluminum Based Alloy Fabricated by SPS

In this work, aluminum-based alloys were mechanically alloyed by various doping elements followed by spark plasma sintering. Three different mixing methods were studied. First, all elemental powders were mixed for 24 h. In the second and the third method, powders were divided into three groups, and each group was milled separately for different times. Then the obtained mixtures were grouped together and again milled for 12 and 24 h, for the M2 and M3 mixtures, respectively. The influence of milling parameters on the microstructural features of sintered samples was determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. The correlation observed between the milling time and microstructural evolution of the powder particles during the milling process was to determine the optimal process parameters. For the first time, the present research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the milling process for the preparation of tailored mixtures of metallic powders, enabling microstructural characteristics that could be favorable for the formation of secondary structures on the tribosurfaces.
Environmental risk factors in isolated limb reduction defects

BackgroundLimb reduction defects (LRDs) refer to absence of either parts of a limb or entire limbs. They represent one of the most common visible phenotypic effects of several etiologies. The major causes of LRDs are abnormal genetic problems and intrauterine disruption. Many environmental risk factors have been implicated, such as teratogens. ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to identify environmental risk factors that may predispose to isolated LRDs. Patients and methodsForty-one Egyptian patients with isolated LRDs were studied. In addition to medical examination a detailed history was taken for each case, including parental exposure to different teratogens as a result of residence, occupation, special habits, or pregnancy history of the mother, including nutrition and maternal stress during pregnancy. ResultsMost studied cases were sporadic, without a positive family history for LRD. The results showed significant risk impact on LRD with maternal exposure to environmental hazards (pesticides, insecticides, radiation) (P=0.00) and maternal history of drug intake in the form of hormones and NSAIDs (P=0.001); the risk increased among mothers who did not take folic acid supplement during the first trimester (P=0.017). Finally, early maternal trauma played a role as a risk factor for LRD, with a P value of 0.005. ConclusionDelineation of the environmental risk factors could be the first approach to preventing isolated LRDs.
Clinical Human Papillomavirus Testing Modalities: Established Techniques and New Directions

Testing for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) has important implications for the identification of women at increased risk of developing cervical cancer. Signal amplification and polymerase chain reaction-based molecular tests have demonstrated an extremely high sensitivity for the detection of the HPV genome but suffer from a low specificity for high-grade disease that requires treatment. New molecular tests designed to target the activity of HPV in the cell, including assays for HPV gene products E6, E7, and L1, as well as the cell cycle protein p16INK4A, have been developed with the hope of overcoming this problem. Immunocytochemical tests that use markers to detect the activity of HPV in the cell, particularly p16INK4A, have been studied but are only rarely used clinically in cytology. A novel antibody directed against L1 and a combination of antibodies against minichromosome maintenance protein-2 and topoisomerase II&agr; both show promise and may lead to expanded use of this approach for HPV-related testing.
A Revised Magnesium II Core‐to‐Wing Ratio From SORCE SOLSTICE

The Magnesium II core‐to‐wing ratio (also known as the Mg II index) is a widely used proxy for ultraviolet solar spectral irradiance variability. We have developed a new algorithm for calculating this index from the SOLar‐STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) on the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE). The new method uses weighted sums of the core and wing regions of the spectrum calculated from the daily level three high‐resolution spectrum. We also describe a new method of scaling the results in order to compare to other measurements. This new method scales each data set to a standard spectral resolution rather than scaling to other data sets during periods of overlapping measurements. Finally, we quantify the effect of long‐term instrument degradation on the Mg II index. In the case of SORCE SOLSTICE, using uncorrected data would produce an error of less than 0.6% of the solar cycle amplitude over a decade.
Uso de estrategias metacomprensivas para el fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de segundo ciclo de un colegio oficial en Bogotá, Colombia

This research inquired about the effect of a classroom intervention in metacomprehension strategies, specifically self-questioning, on reading comprehension improvement in third and fourth - graders. Reading comprehension was understood as a process that relates content, text and inferences, and is facilitated by metacomprehension or metacognitive processes applied to reading comprehension. The participants were third- and fourth-grade students: the intervention group (which had an initial assessment, and were submitted to classroom intervention in metacomprehension using self-questioning—implemented by the first three authors—, and had a final assessment), and the control group (which had initial assessment, the usual classroom work with other teachers, and final assessment). The Comprension Linguistica Progresiva (clp, Alliende, Condemarin & Milicic, 2004)—a reading comprehension test—and the students’ metacomprehensive strategies questionnaire were administered to students in both groups, in the initial and final assessments. This information was complemented with interview data from other teachers (different from the authors) in order to know their perspective on reading comprehension underlying their reading teaching practices. Results showed a rise in reading comprehension tests scores and diversification in the use of metacomprehensive strategies only in the intervention group, and different conceptions of reading comprehension in other teachers, which had nothing to do with metacomprehension strategies.
Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community- associated methicillin- resistant: Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis is a life- threatening infection requiring urgent surgical and medical therapy. Staphylococcus aureus has been a very uncommon cause of necrotizing fasciitis, but we have recently noted an alarming number of these infections caused by community- associated methicillin- resistant S. aureus (MRSA). METHODS: We reviewed the records of 843 patients whose wound cultures grew MRSA at our center from January 15,2003, to April 15,2004. Among this cohort, 14 were identified as patients presenting from the community with clinical and intraoperative findings of necrotizing fasciitis, necrotizing myositis, or both. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 46 years (range, 28 to 68), and 71 percent were men. Coexisting conditions or risk factors included current or past injection- drug use (43 percent); previous MRSA infection, diabetes, and chronic hepatitis C (21 percent each); and cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (7 percent each). Four patients (29 percent) had no serious coexisting conditions or risk factors. All patients received combined medical and surgical therapy, and none died, but they had serious complications, including the need for reconstructive surgery and prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. Wound cultures were monomicrobial for MRSA in 86 percent, and 40 percent of patients (4 of 10) for whom blood cultures were obtained had positive results. All MRSA isolates were susceptible in vitro to clindamycin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, and rifampin. All recovered isolates belonged to the same genotype (multilocus sequence type ST8, pulsed- field type USA300, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV [SCCmecIV]) and carried the Panton- Valentine leukocidin (pvl), lukD, and lukE genes, but no other toxin genes were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community- associated MRSA is an emerging clinical entity. In areas in which community- associated MRSA infection is endemic, empirical treatment of suspected necrotizing fasciitis should include
Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health

Part I: FOUNDATIONS OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY. 1. Introducing Health Psychology. 2. Conducting Health Research. 3. Seeking and Receiving Health Care. 4. Adhering to Healthy Behavior. Part II: STRESS, PAIN, AND COPING. 5. Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress. 6. Understanding Stress, Immunity and Disease. 7. Understanding and Managing Pain. 8. Considering Alternative Approaches. Part III: BEHAVIOR AND CHRONIC DISEASE. 9. Behavioral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease. 10. Behavioral Factors in Cancer. 11. Living With Chronic Illness. Part IV: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH. 12. Smoking Tobacco. 13. Using Alcohol and Other Drugs. 14. Eating and Weight. 15. Exercising. Part V: LOOKING TOWARD THE FUTURE. 16. Future Challenges. Glossary.
The Support to Improve Self Efficacy and Healing of Drugs Addict

Appropriate counseling and education can be adopted to achieve a change in attitude, knowledge and perception. Still there is a wrong perception of a given intervention. Peer support through a process of social learning, the process of growing understanding of how to process information from experience, observational include: attention (attention), given (retention), reproduction of motion (reproduction), motivation (motivation), and communication. The purpose of this study was to analyze resident self-efficacy to regardless of drug addiction through family support. This study employed qualitative approach with case study design. Subjects in this study were residents, ex drugs user, peer support, and resident family. The results showed that peer support from fellow residents and the support of the major on duty (MOD) very meaningful and helpful for resident in the healing process.
Mechanical Properties of (PMMA/CaTiZrO5) the Biocompatible

In the present study, composites have been prepared with basis polymers reinforced with triple system of bio-ceramic (CaO, TiO2, ZrO2). The percentages of the weight have been ( 0%,2%,4%,6%,8% ). The method of mixing the manual fluid and the ultrasound technique to distribute the powder pre-prepared within the polymer to obtain the desired mechanical properties has been suitable for this purpose. Mechanical tests have been performed to determine the efficiency of the composites performance, the Included (Impact strength, hardness and wear resistance). The results have shown a significant improvement in the values of the impact energy and the hardness of the particulate as well as the high resistance to wear the composites compared to the base material. The results have been interpreted according to synthetic tests for the powder (X-ray, SEM, EDX).
Immature Platelet Fraction: Coming of Age of an Underutilized Test in the Setting of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Copyright: © 2014 Maitta RW, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Circulating immature platelets, also known as the immature platelet fraction (IPF), is the term that defines much larger platelets that have been recently released from the bone marrow. IPF have a greater RNA content, are measured by automated hematology analyzers equipped with a reticulocyte detection channel, and are reported as percentage of the total platelet count (%-IPF) [1]. It is well accepted that a high %-IPF is usually found in either consumptive or recovering thrombocytopenic disorders [2], while a low %-IPF is characteristic of bone marrow suppression disorders [3]. However, little was known until recently about their biology compared to mature platelets. A recent report by our group indicates that immature platelets differ from mature ones in that they have a longer lifespan, may be able to continue expanding during storage and that this expansion is significantly reduced by irradiation [4]. The latter is of major importance since it indicates that immature platelets are biosynthetically active and opens the possibility to research further these blood elements for transfusion support of patients needing platelets. Indeed in young pediatric patients who have received stem cell transplantations, a recent study reported that transfusion of IPF-rich platelet units significantly reduced the overall number of platelet transfusions required by these children compared to those receiving IPF-poor units [5]. Considering the increased longevity and distinct biology of immature platelets, these preliminary findings suggest that larger randomized trials ought to be performed to address if the concentration of immature platelets in a platelet product can further benefit patients requiring platelet transfusions.
Influence of white prepared lateral root of aconite on blood biochemical indicators in normal and kidney Yang deficient rats.

Objective To explore the differences of blood biochemical indicators between normal and kidney Yang deficient rats administered orally different doses of white prepared lateral root of aconite.Method Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats were divided randomly into normal group and kidney Yang deficient model group,forty rats in each group.After producing kidney Yang deficient model by injecting hydrocortisoni natrii succinas in intramuscular,normal and model rats were respectively and randomly divided into little,low,medium,great dose group and blank group,eight rats in each group.Those rats were administered orally with different concentrations of white prepared lateral root of aconite every day for two weeks.Twenty-four hours after the last oral administration,the blood were obtained and used for testing adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),glucose(GLU),cholesterol(CHO),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),urea nitrogen(BUN). Results Before taking medicine,model rats' cAMP/cGMP and ACTH were lower than normal rats',and they showed a trend of rise with adding dose.Before taking medicine,model rats' GLU was lower than normal rats'. With adding dose,model rats' GLU increased,however,normal rats' GLU reduced.When taken medium dose white prepared lateral root of aconite,model rats' CHO was higher than normal rats'. Taking medicine made both groups ALT rise,but normal rats' went up more quickly than model rats'. Model rats' BUN was higher than normal rats',and taking low dose or little dose medicine could lead to incline of reduction.Conclusion White prepared lateral root of aconite caused different blood biochemical effects on normal and kidney Yang deficient rats,and more remarkable toxicity effect on normal rats.
Older Adults' Perception and Use of PDAs, Home Automation System, and Home Health Monitoring System

The purpose of this study was to understand elders' perception on 3 assistive technology devices that might enhance their safety and independence at home. This study also aimed to describe the perceptions of older persons who did not use these devices and their reasons for not using them. The following assistive technology devices were investigated: (1) personal digital assistant; (2) home automation systems; and (3) home health monitoring systems. Six hundred seventy-three older persons with chronic physical conditions were surveyed in 2001–2002. Although smart technology will play an increasingly important role in promoting independent living for older persons this study found that it has been underutilized by this population.