Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of phosphate fertilizer-coated Dicarboxylic Acid Polymer on rice yield and components under greenhouse conditions

A significant amount of phosphorus (P) becomes fixed by aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) in acidic soils, leading to decreased efficiency in P utilization and subsequently lowering crop yield. Enhanced P fertilization offers a potential solution, as the dicarboxylic acid polymer (DCAP) coating on P fertilizer promotes increased plant productivity and more effective P utilization. The improvement achieved through enhanced P fertilization can contribute to higher rice yields in acidic soils, accompanied by an increase in P solubility. The study aimed to determine the impact of DCAP-mixed phosphate fertilizer on P uptake by plants, absorption efficiency, and rice yield. The results demonstrated a significant increase in available P (about 3.5 mg P/kg) when DCAP was used in a greenhouse setting, resulting in elevated yields and total P absorption (ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 grams/pot). However, the addition of 60 kg of phosphate mixed with DCAP has not yet demonstrated a significant increase in available phosphorus in the soil compared to adding just 60 kg of phosphate. The application of phosphate at a dose of 30 kg of P2O5 mixed with DCAP for growth and phosphorus absorption yield results equivalent to using 60 kg of P2O5 without DCAP. Furthermore, the use of DCAP in conjuction with 50% P fertilizer increased P availability by the same amount as that achieved with 100% P fertilizer. Consequently, DCAP reduced chemical P fertilizer in the soil by approximately 50%. However, it is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed phosphate fertilizer (DCAP) under field conditions before recommending its widespread use.
MSG-15: Super-Bioavailability Itraconazole Versus Conventional Itraconazole in the Treatment of Endemic Mycoses—A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Comparative Trial

Abstract Background Invasive fungal disease caused by dimorphic fungi is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Super-bioavailability itraconazole (SUBA-itra) is a novel antifungal agent with pharmacokinetic advantages over currently available formulations. In this prospective comparative study, we report the outcomes of patients with endemic fungal infections (histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and sporotrichosis). Methods This open-label randomized trial evaluated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics SUBA-itra compared with conventional itraconazole (c-itra) treatment for endemic fungal infections. An independent data review committee determined responses on treatment days 42 and 180. Results Eighty-eight patients were enrolled for IFD (SUBA-itra, n = 42; c-itra, n = 46) caused by Histoplasma (n = 51), Blastomyces (n = 18), Coccidioides (n = 13), or Sporothrix (n = 6). On day 42, clinical success was observed with SUBA-itra and c-itra on day 42 (in 69% and 67%, respectively, and on day 180 (in 60% and 65%). Patients treated with SUBA-itra exhibited less drug-level variability at days 7 (P = .03) and 14 (P = .06) of randomized treatment. The concentrations of itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole were comparable between the 2 medications (P = .77 and P = .80, respectively). There was a trend for fewer adverse events (AEs; 74% vs 87%, respectively; P = .18) and serious AEs (10% vs 26%; P = .06) in the SUBA-itra–treated patients than in those receiving c-itra. Serious treatment-emergent AEs were less common in SUBA-itra–treated patients (12% vs 50%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusions SUBA-itra was bioequivalent, well tolerated, and efficacious in treating endemic fungi, with a more favorable safety profile than c-itra. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03572049.
Differential Responses of Chrysanthemum Growth and Flowering to Varying Ratios of K/ (Ca+Mg) Under Fertigation System

Different K/(Ca+Mg) ratios in complete nutrient solutions were supplied at vegetative and flowering stages to optimize their critical levels for high-quality performance of chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. cv. "White Zamble") grown on mixture medium (peat moss: perlite, 2:1 v/v) under fertigation system. The treatments consisted of three ratios of 0.33, 0.55 and 0.71, were performed every 3 days at a constant volume of all nutrient solutions (300 ml/pot) during each growth season (28 weeks). A ratio of 0.71 proved to be optimal for chrysanthemum cultivation since it appeared to have the best results of vegetative characters (plant height, number of shoots and leaves per plant, leaf area, dry weights of roots and shoots, root/shoot ratio and relative growth rate), as well as inflorescence characters (days to flower, yield, fresh weight and stalk length). This ratio also followed the same pattern in relation to leaf pigments content and total carbohydrates, but this behavior was in direct contrast with flavonoids level. Although a ratio of 0.33 showed inferior results in growth and flowering, it was superior in flavonoids synthesis in leaves. The performance of a ratio of 0.55 was intermediate. The cationic ratios had an insignificant effect on phenolic compounds.
Neurophysiological markers of asymmetric emotional contagion: implications for organizational contexts

Emotions play a vital role within organizations, impacting various crucial aspects of work such as job satisfaction, performance, and employee well-being. Understanding how emotional states spread in organizational settings is therefore essential. Recent studies have highlighted that a leader’s emotional state can influence their followers, with significant consequences on job performance. Leaders thus possess the ability to influence their employees’ psychological state and, consequently, their well-being. However, the biological underpinnings of emotional contagion from leaders to followers remain unexplored. The field of interpersonal (neuro)physiology, which involves recording brain and peripheral activity of multiple individuals during interactions, holds great potential for investigating this phenomenon. Analyzing the time-lagged synchronization of neurophysiological activity during interactions may serve as a measure of the leader’s influence on their followers in organizational contexts. In this “mini review,” we examine empirical studies that have employed interpersonal (neuro)physiology to quantify the asymmetrical contagion of emotions in different contexts. Asymmetrical contagion was operationalized as the unidirectional influence exerted by one individual (i.e., the “sender”) to another one (i.e., the “receiver”), whereby the receiver’s state can be predicted by the sender’s one. The reviewed literature reveals that delayed synchronization of physiological states is a widespread phenomenon that may underpin the transmission of emotions. These findings have significant implications for various aspects of organizational life, including leader-to-employee communication, and could drive the development of effective leadership training programs. We propose that Organizational Neuroscience may benefit from including interpersonal neurophysiology in its methodological toolkit for laboratory and field studies of leader-follower dynamics.
Relative Changes in Growth and Recovery Responses of Rice to Fe-Toxicity at Different Growth Stages

Fe-toxicity is a critical and complicated constraint to rice growth that requires simple and quick screening methods for selection of tolerant rice to Fe-stress. This study revealed relative changes in the growth and recovery of rice responding to Fe-toxicity at germination and vegetative stages. Two rice cultivars were exposed to iron concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 ppm at the germination stage and Fe-treatment of 50–100 and 100–200 ppm at the vegetative stage. Increasing Fe-toxicity reduced germination rates, seedling height, length and number of seedling roots. However, relative reduction to control in seedling height and root length at germination could be more dependable to check genotypes tolerant to Fe stress than other parameters. Growth characteristics measured at 6, 12, 18, and 24-day excess Fe indicated that plant height, number of tillers, and leaves were kept slightly relative increasing to control until 18-day and 12-day, respectively. In contrast, root length and root number decreased as soon as plants were exposed to Fe-stress. Relative decrease in growth to control increased with higher iron concentration and longer exposure time. Plants exhibited ability to recover after 24-day under stress with relative increase to the point before stress relieving from 3–12% for plant height, 1–11% for tiller number, and 7–19% for root number. There were significant differences between two cultivars for relative changes in growth and recovery parameters, suggesting a simple and efficient method, and suitable growth parameters for evaluating and selecting tolerant genotypes to Fe-stress at germination and vegetative stages.
Vector Autoregressive with Exogenous Variable Model and its Application in Modeling and Forecasting Energy Data: Case Study of PTBA and HRUM Energy

Owing to its simplicity and less restrictions, the vector autoregressive with exogenous variable (VARX) model is one of the statistical analyses frequently used in many studies involving time series data, such as finance, economics, and business. The VARX model can explain the dynamic behavior of the relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables or of that between endogenous variables only. It can also explain the impact of a variable or a set of variables on others through the impulse response function (IRF). Furthermore, VARX can be used to predict and forecast time series data. In this study, PTBA and HRUM energy as endogenous variables and exchange rate as an exogenous variable were studied. The data used herein were collected from January 2014 to October 2017. The dynamic behavior of the data was also studied through IRF and Granger causality analyses. The forecasting data for the next one month was also investigated. On the basis of the data provided by these different models, it was found that VARX (3,0) is the best model to assess the relationship between the variables considered in this work.
Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns: An Application of Fama-French Five Factor Model in Nepal

This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of Fama-French five factor model to explain cross-section stock returns in Nepalese stock market. The study adopted descriptive and analytical research design. Out of 228 firms listed in NEPSE, following judgmental sampling design, 65 firms were selected which met the sampling criteria. Panel data was collected from secondary source for the period of July 16, 2016 to July 16, 2022. Sampling frame, daily stock prices and dividends were obtained from official website of Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). Firm-specific accounting data was obtained from annual reports of sample firms. 28 days weighted average Treasury bill rates were used as a proxy for risk free rate which was obtained from Economic bulletin of Nepal Rastra Bank. Three types of portfolios were constructed namely 25 Size-BM portfolios, 25 Size-ROE portfolios and 25 Size-Investment portfolios. Factor returns were created by using 2 × 3 and 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 sorting. Regression result revealed that the Fama-French five factor model is capable to capture the variation in cross-section stock returns in Nepal. Among five factors, the market risk premium found to be the most prominent factor affecting stock returns.
The roles of epigallocatechin gallate in the tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapy

Cancer, a disease that modern medicine has not fully understood and conquered, with its high incidence and mortality, deprives countless patients of health and even life. According to global cancer statistics, there were an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths in 2020, with the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 201.0 and 100.7 per 100,000, respectively. Although remarkable advancements have been made in therapeutic strategies recently, the overall prognosis of cancer patients remains not optimistic. Consequently, there are still many severe challenges to be faced and difficult problems to be solved in cancer therapy today. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol extracted from tea leaves, has received much attention for its antitumor effects. Accumulating investigations have confirmed that EGCG can inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by triggering apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, invasion, and migration, altering tumor epigenetic modification, and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, its regulatory roles and biomolecular mechanisms in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, and immunotherapy remain obscure. In this article, we summarized the most recent updates about the effects of EGCG on tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming, and anti-cancer immunotherapy. The results demonstrated EGCG can promote the anti-cancer immune response of cytotoxic lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), attenuate the immunosuppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inhibit the tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and various stromal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), stellate cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Additionally, EGCG can suppress multiple metabolic reprogramming pathways, including glucose uptake, aerobic glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid anabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, EGCG, as an immunomodulator and immune checkpoint blockade, can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy and may be a promising candidate for antitumor immunotherapy. In conclusion, EGCG plays versatile regulatory roles in TME and metabolic reprogramming, which provides novel insights and combined therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
Translation, Reliability, and Validity of the Japanese Clinical Reasoning Skills Self-Evaluation Scale: An Instrument Design Study

Background: Currently, little evidence supports the notion that improved practical skills through simulation education are reflected in actual clinical practice and ultimately lead to positive outcomes for participants. However, by clarifying the relationship between the simulation foundation and its practicality, insights can be gained to develop educational programs to improve clinical reasoning skills. However, no clear scale is currently available in Japan. Aims: To create a valid Japanese version of the clinical reasoning skills self-evaluation scale and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: This instrument design study included 580 nursing students and nurses surveyed online from February to March 2023. The clinical reasoning skills self-evaluation scale was translated into Japanese using a back-translation method, and semantic equivalence and content validity were assessed. The content validity index was assessed using a pilot test involving 26 clinical nurses, 25 nursing students, and an expert panel. Validity and reliability were tested using a convenience sample of 580 nursing students and nurses. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions was >0.7, and the questionnaire showed acceptable internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.674-0.797, all dimensions); the lowest value at a 95% confidence interval was 0.504 (at least moderate reliability). Conclusion: Our scale has acceptable validity and reliability. It may help in clinical reasoning skill assessment for nurses and nursing students and aid in examining and supporting these skills.
COMPARING SPATIAL RARITY BETWEEN LONG DISTANCE MIGRANT AND SEDENTARY BIRD SPECIES USING ATLAS DATA AND DIVERSITY/DOMINANCE DIAGRAMS

Analyses using the spatial frequency of species occurrences, as obtained by faunal atlases, allows us to obtain information on assembly rules of local bird assemblages. Here, diversity/dominance diagrams have been used to relate the structural differences in two phenology-based assemblages (i.e. sedentary species and long distance migrants) obtained by an occurrence data set throughout a local breeding bird atlas in an Apennine nature reserve of Central Italy. Among the 58 breeding bird species sampled, 28 % were long distance migrants. On the average, long distance migrants were spatially rarer when compared to sedentary species. In diversity/dominance diagrams, sedentary species show a trend similar to that obtained by the entire community (broken-stick pattern), while long distance migrants have a curve with slope tending to fit geometrically. Geometric species models show steep plots and are typical of assemblages with high relative dominance, low evenness and few species (in our case, the long distance migrants). Moving from geometric series towards a broken-stick model, the assemblages tend to be even more species rich (in our case, the sedentary species). In a Palearctic bird community, long distance migrants are generally rarer in abundance and spatial distribution when compared to sedentary species. A different phenology may imply differences in species evolution, history and ecology with consequences for abundance, distribution and rarity patterns. In our study area, patterns of spatial occurrences evidenced by diversity/dominance curves may be due to the influence of long-term history, short-term competition and local disturbances that differentiated the two phenologic sub-assemblages.
Changes in the Composition of Unstimulated and Stimulated Saliva Due to Chewing Sour Cherry Gum and a Toothbrush Change

Background: Our previous studies demonstrated that sour cherry anthocyanins (AC) reduce the salivary count of Streptococcus mutans and inhibit salivary amylase activity within 30 minutes after chewing AC gum. AC gum and changing toothbrushes after scaling reduced the Gram-negative species in the unstimulated salivary microbiota. The present study examined the effect of AC gums on salivary factors, including changes in microbiome. Methods: The study was conducted over three weeks with two groups; young adults (18–30) and adults (30–45). Ten participants changed their toothbrushes, while the other 10 participants did not change after the control period. After scaling, all participants received three doses of AC gum daily. The salivary mRNA and protein levels of cytokines, mucins, melatonin, and the microbiota of unstimulated and stimulated saliva were determined by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), mucin5B (MUC5B), mucin7 (MUC7), and melatonin were detected in stimulated saliva. Correlation analysis of these factors with the microbiota showed positive correlations with the genera Lachnospiraceae, Eikenella, Saccharibacteria_(TM7), Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Haemophilus. Conclusions: AC chewing gum has a beneficial effect on the composition of the oral microbiome, and toothbrush replacement leads to changes in the levels of salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines.
EFL PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS DURING TEACHING PRACTICUM

The purpose of this study is to look into pre-service EFL teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about teaching English as they progress through their teaching practicum. The study's findings were gathered through a survey of 20 pre-service EFL teachers enrolled in the Faculty of Education at one of Cirebon's private universities. Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scales of 24 questions were used to gather data, which evaluates pre-service teachers' self-efficacy on three subscales: student engagement, instructional strategy, and classroom management. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine which EFL pre-service teachers had the highest and lowest levels of self-efficacy. The study's findings revealed that their self-efficacy is at a medium level, and they are more effective in terms of instructional strategy. The study of self-efficacy regarding EFL students' practicum has significance for any institution involved in building higher-quality programs for future-generation teachers.
Ocrelizumab associates with reduced cerebrospinal fluid B and CD20dim CD4+ T cells in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Abstract The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ocrelizumab reduces disability progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. CD20 is a prototypical B-cell marker; however, subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid also express low levels of CD20 (CD20dim). Therefore, direct targeting and depletion of these CD20dim T-cell subpopulations may contribute to the therapeutic effect of ocrelizumab. The aim of this observational cohort study was to compare CD20+ B-cell and CD20dim T-cell distributions between peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of ocrelizumab-treated or ocrelizumab-untreated people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ocrelizumab treatment was associated with depletion of circulating B cells and CD20dim CD4+ and CD20dim CD8+ T cells (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0016 and P = 0.0008, respectively) but, in cerebrospinal fluid, only with lower proportions of B cells and CD20dim memory CD4+ T cells (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0043, respectively). The proportional prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid CD20dim memory CD8+ T cells was not significantly reduced (P = 0.1333). Only in cerebrospinal fluid, the proportions of CD20dim cells within CD4+ and not CD8+ T cells positive for CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 were reduced in ocrelizumab-treated participants. The proportion of CD20dim CD4+ T cells and abundance of CD4+ relative to CD8+ T cells in cerebrospinal fluid correlated positively with age (R = 0.6799, P = 0.0150) and Age-Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity score (R = 0.8087, P = 0.0014), respectively. We conclude that, in contrast to cerebrospinal fluid CD20dim CD8+ T cells, B cells and CD20dim CD4+ T cells are reduced in cerebrospinal fluid of people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis with an ocrelizumab-associated depletion of circulating B cells and CD20dim T cells. Therefore, these cells are likely to contribute to the therapeutic effects of ocrelizumab in people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Efficiency of Electronic Nose in Detecting the Microbial Spoilage of Fresh Sardines (Sardinella longiceps)

The assessment of microbial spoilage in fresh fish is a major concern for the fish industry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and reliability of an electronic nose (E-nose) to detect microbial spoilage of fresh sardines (Sardinella longiceps) by comparing its measurements with Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) producing bacterial count and Trimethylamine Oxide (TMAO) reducing bacterial count after variable storage conditions. The samples were stored at 0 °C (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days) and 25 °C (0, 3, 6, and 9 h), while day 0 was used as a control. The E-nose measurements were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Microbial counts increased significantly and simultaneously with the changes in E-nose measurements during storage. The LDA and ANN showed a good classification of E-nose data for different storage times at two storage temperatures (0 °C and 25 °C) compared to PCA. It is expected as PCA is based on linear relationships between the factors, while ANN is based on non-linear relationships. Correlation coefficients between E-nose and TBC, TMAO-reducing bacterial and H2S-producing bacterial counts at 0 °C were 0.919, 0.960 and 0.915, respectively, whereas at 25 °C, the correlation coefficients were 0.859, 0.945 and 0.849, respectively. These positive correlations qualify the E-nose as an efficient and reliable device for detecting microbial spoilage of fish during storage.