Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemic Properties of Viscum album (Mistletoe) in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Animals

The aqueous leaf extract of Viscum album Stapf (Loranthaceae) given i.p. produced a dose-dependent fall in blood sugar. Doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight produced significant (p < 0.05) lowering of blood sugar in fasted normal white albino rats and alloxanized rabbits respectively. The fasting blood sugar, measured in milligram per 100ml (mg%), in normoglycemic rats was reduced by 30.06% while in alloxanized rabbits, the blood sugar was reduced from mean value of 650 ± 7.2mg % at zero hour to 87 ± 8.2mg% at 4h. The hypoglycemic effects were compared with those of tolbutamide. Acute toxicity studies of the extract in mice gave LD 50 value of 4.18 ± 0.96 g/kg body weight when given i.p. The mechanism underlying the observed hypoglycemic effect of V. album extract is not fully understood but may be related to enhancement in peripheral utilization of glucose and increase in insulin secretion.
A Predictive Model Offor Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Based on Clinical Assessment Tools

Background At present, clinicians diagnose that the clinical diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is mainly on the basis of the information provided by their parents, the behaviour of children in clinical clinics and the assessments of clinical rating scales and neuropsychological tests. Notably, no unified standard exists currently for analysing the results of various measurement tools for diagnosing ADHD. Therefore, clinicians interpret the results of clinical rating scales and neuropsychological tests entirely based on their clinical experience. Methods and subjects To provide guidance for clinicians on how to analyse the results of various clinical assessment tools when diagnosing ADHD, this study assessed children with ADHD and children in the control group using two clinical assessment scales—parent rating scale (PSQ) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)—and one neuropsychological test (Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Testing). The two-sample t-test (FDR correction) screened the parameters of the three assessment tools with significant inter-group differences. LibSVM was used to establish a classification prediction model for analysing the accuracy of ADHD prediction using parameters of the three assessment tools and weight values of each parameter for classification prediction. Results A total of 19 parameters (16 from clinical rating scales, 3 from neuropsychological tests) with significant inter-group differences were screened. The accuracy of classification modelling was higher for the clinical rating scales (61.635%) than for the neuropsychological test (59.784%), whereas the accuracy of classification modelling was higher for the clinical rating scales combined with the neuropsychological test (70.440%) than for the former two parameters alone. The three parameters with the highest weight values were learning problem (0.731), hyperactivity/impulsivity (0.676) and activity capacity (0.569). The three parameters with the lowest weight values are integrated control force (0.028), visual attention (0.028) and integrated attention (0.034). Conclusion Our study findings indicate that the diagnosis of ADHD should be based on multidimensional assessment. For a more accurate diagnosis of ADHD, assessments and that more assessment parameters should be developed on the basis of different dimensions of physiology or psychology in the future to obtain a more accurate diagnosis of ADHD. Furthermore, the predictive model for ADHD may improve our understanding and help in optimisation of the treatment of such a condition.
Influence of the use of selected and non-selected yeasts in red wine production

The aim of this work was to study the influence of use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae selected varieties in the elaboration of Terci red wine from Colombo. The winemaking method followed the classic red wine vinification system and the samples were analyzed according to the official table wine methods. The assays performed showed differences mainly over volatile acids, acetaldehyde, esters and methanol contents, confirming that the use of selected yeasts contributed on improving the wine quality.
Utilization of maize bran-based diets supplemented with Roxazyme G2 G by broilers

One hundred and fifty broilers (Abor AcrePlus Strain) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments of 3 replicates each. Five diets (Diet 1: basal, maize-based, with no Roxazyme G2 G enzyme; Diet 2: 20% maize bran with Roxazyme G2 G; Diet 3: 20% maize bran without Roxazyme G2 G; Diet 4: 40% maize bran with Roxazyme G2 G and Diet 5: 40% maize bran without Roxazyme G2 G) were formulated and offered to the birds. The aim was to compare the performance of the birds on the enzyme-supplemented diets and the unsupplemented diets with those on the maize-based diets. Feed intake and weight gain were significantly (P Key words : Broilers, maize bran, performance, Roxazyme G2 G.
The challenge of recruiting and engaging reluctant non-expert representatives

Methodological literature dealing with the challenges in sampling, recruiting and engaging research participants for qualitative interviews usually assumes that potential informants are informed. But what happens when the potential informants make it clear that they have little to say because under-informed on the topic? This article explores the challenges in recruiting and engaging under-informed research participants by revisiting my fieldwork experience as a researcher for the ERC-funded project GRASSROOTSMOBILISE – Directions in Religious Pluralism in Europe. The article describes potential interviewees’ claims of under-information as a specific type of reluctance, displaying in both the recruitment and the interview processes, and discusses the potential strategies to overcome this reluctance by paying attention to the role of researchers.
Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate and Timing on Grain Yield and Protein Content of the Bread Wheat Cultivar ‘Minaminokaori’ in Southwestern Japan

Abstract The effect of nitrogen (N) application rates at active tillering and anthesis on grain yield and protein content of a bread wheat cultivar, ‘Minaminokaori’, was examined in the field study conducted in Fukuoka, Japan. Number of spikes, leaf area index (LAI), and SPAD value at anthesis increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing N application rate at active tillering. Grain yield also increased significantly (P < 0.05) because of the increased number of spikes. However, grain yield did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) with increasing N application rate at anthesis. The slope of the relationship between N application rate at active tillering and grain yield was about 3 times that of the relationship between N application rate at anthesis and grain yield. These results indicate that N application at active tillering is more effective than N application at anthesis for increasing grain yield. Increasing N application rate at active tillering and anthesis generally increased grain protein content. However, the slope of the relationship between N application rate at anthesis and grain protein content was about 2 times that of the relationship between N application rate at active tillering and grain protein content. These results indicate that N application at anthesis is more effective than N application at active tillering for increasing grain protein content. The interaction between N application rates at active tillering and anthesis was significant (P < 0.05) for grain protein content. With the application of 4 g N m–2 at active tillering, grain protein content increased linearly at a rate of about 0.5% per 1 g N m–2 (from 10.9% to 14.0%) with increasing N application rate (from 0 to 6 g N m–2) at anthesis. However, the rate of increase in grain protein content with increasing N application rate at anthesis was greater with 0 g N m–2 at active tillering than that with 4 g N m–2 at active tillering, whereas that with 8 g N m–2 at active tillering was smaller than that with 4 g N m–2 at active tillering. Application of 8 g N m–2 at tillering resulted in the highest SPAD value at anthesis; this was followed by the results for 4 and 0 g N m–2. Therefore, the SPAD value may be an important trait to decide N application rate at anthesis.
Effects of elevated O3 and CO2 concentrations on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Scots pine

Naturally regenerated Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), aged 28–30 years old, were grown in open-top chambers and subjected in situ to three ozone (O3) regimes, two concentrations of CO2, and a combination of O3 and CO2 treatments From 15 April to 15 September for two growing seasons (1994 and 1995). The gas exchanges of current-year and 1-year-old shoots were measured, along with the nitrogen content of needles. In order to investigate the factors underlying modifications in photosynthesis, five parameters linked to photosynthetic performance and three to stomatal conductance were determined. Elevated O3 concentrations led to a significant decline in the CO2 compensation point (Г*), maximum RuP2-saturated rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax), and sensitivity of stomatal conductance to changes in leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (∂gs/∂Dv) in both shoot-age classes. However, the effect of elevated O3 concentrations on the respiration rate in light (Rd) was dependent on shoot age. Elevated CO2(700 μmol mol−1) significantly decreased Jmax and gsmax but increased Rd in 1-year-old shoots and the ∂gs/∂Dv in both shoot-age classes. The interactive effects of O3 and CO2 on some key parameters (e.g. Vcmax and Jmax) were significant. This may be closely related to regulation of the maximum stomatal conductance and stomatal sensitivity induced by elevated CO2. As a consequence, the injury induced by O3 was reduced through decreased ozone uptake in 1-year-old shoots, but not in the current-year shoots. Compared to ambient O3 concentration, reduced O3 concentrations (charcoal-filtered air) did not lead to significant changes in any of the measured parameters. Compared to the control treatment, calculations showed that elevated O3 concentrations decreased the apparent quantum yield by 15% and by 18%, and the maximum rate of photosynthesis by 21% and by 29% in the current-year and 1-year-old shoots, respectively. Changes in the nitrogen content of needles resulting from the various treatments were associated with modifications in photosynthetic components.
The Genus Collinsia. x. Aneuploidy in C. heterophylla

1. Aneuploids of Collinsia heterophylla Buist (n = 7) with three (trisome) to seven (heptasome) replicate chromosomes could not be distinguished from each other or from diploids by any detectable alteration in gross morphology. 2. The extra chromosome in trisomes always occurred as a univalent at metaphase I; bivalents and univalents were observed in tetrasomes; multivalents were noted in pentasomes and polyploids. 3. The extra chromosome was transmitted by the pollen from trisomics with a frequency ranging from 25 to 65%; except in one line, pollen from tetrasomics usually had n + 1 chromosomes; pollen with n + 2 or n + 3 chromosomes was produced by aneuploids with more than two extra chromosomes. 4. Trisomics used as seed-parents yielded tetrasomics, the frequency being determined by the specific line; progenies from tetrasomic seed-parents included numerous tetrasomics. 5. Heptasomes (2n + 5) represented the upper limit of the number of replicate chromosomes in a plant. 6. Progenies from certain self-pollinated aneuploids did not include plants with the specific chromosome numbers to be expected on the basis of the chromosome numbers of plants in the progenies from these aneuploids used as pollen- or seed-parents. 7. Trisomics were as fertile as diploids; aneuploids with two or more extra chromosomes had a greatly reduced seed-set. 8. Probable mechanisms responsible for the absence of multivalents in trisomes and tetrasomes and for the occurrence of tetrasomics in progenies from trisomic and tetrasomic seed-parents are discussed.
Taking Another Look at Airline CSR: How Required CSR and Desired CSR Affect Customer Loyalty in the Airline Industry

This study aims to take another look at corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions in airline industries and identify the moderating effects of socio-economic characteristics on customer loyalty. We applied Carroll’s four CSR dimensions and reorganized economic and legal responsibilities under ‘required CSR’ and philanthropic and environmental responsibilities under ‘desired CSR’. The current study reveals that customer loyalty increased when customers perceived airlines to be practicing desired CSR, but not for required CSR. However, this effect varies depending on the expected moderator of socio-economic variables. Regarding required CSR, customers with higher levels of either income or formal education showed increased customer loyalty. However, for desired CSR, only customers with higher levels of education showed significantly increased customer loyalty. Thus, the research findings imply that in order to effectively deliver CSR strategies, airline CSR initiatives also need to take into consideration the socio-economic levels of targeted consumers.
Flow cytometric assessment of autologous γδ T cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: Potential effector cells for immunotherapy?

γδ T cells are a rare component of the circulating innate immune system capable of exerting anti‐neoplastic activity. This population may be suitable for the adoptive immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Little is known however, about the frequency and function of circulating γδ T cells in AML. The aim of the study was to enumerate peripheral blood γδ T cells in patients with AML and explore the feasibility of their use clinically.
Characters used in the classification of lactobacilli

ABSTRACT General conventional phenotypic characteristics differentiating species and groups of Lactoba-cillus are reviewed. Newer approaches to taxonomic studies, such as cell wall structure, metabolic pathways of substrate utilization, enzyme activity and homology or heterology of enzyme structure, are discussed. Experiments and problems in lysing highly resistant cells to obtain DNA and RNA for nucleic acid homology studies are described.
Many shades of wrong: what governments do when they manipulate statistics

Abstract A considerable number of recent analyses report statistical evidence indicating that governments manipulate official macroeconomic indicators. Employing creative strategies to identify systematic biases in statistical outputs, these studies have shown that political manipulation of economic statistics does occur. But they have paid less attention to the question how official statistics are being manipulated. To shed light on the processes behind data manipulation, this article examines three recent high-profile cases in depth: Greece’s public deficit figures, controversies about Argentina’s inflation statistics, and the Brazilian “fiscal pedaling” scandal. We make two main contributions: first, macroeconomic indicators are much more ambiguous than it is commonly realized. Therefore, the line between accurate and manipulated data is more blurry than typical narratives about manipulation acknowledge. Second, in recognition of this ambiguity we introduce a typology distinguishing four types of manipulation: outright manipulation (type 1), politically motivated guesstimating (type 2), the opportunistic use of methodology space (type 3), and indicators-management through indirect means (type 4). The findings from our cases highlight that the politics of statistics do not revolve around “right” and “wrong” numbers. They are better understood as contestations about different shades of wrong.
Distribution and abundance of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 in rat brain revealed by [3H]LY354740 binding in vitro and quantitative radioautography: Correlation with the sites of synthesis, expression, and agonist stimulation of [35S]GTPγs binding

Until recently, there was a lack of selective radioligands for the subtypes of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. [3H]LY354740 ((+)‐2‐aminobicyclo[3,1,0]hexane‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid), a selective agonist for group II receptors (mGlu2 and ‐3, which are negatively coupled to cAMP production), has now been used to map their brain distribution and abundance by in vitro binding and quantitative radioautography. The selective cation dependence of its binding allowed the discrimination between mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptor labeling. Thus, in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, the agonist bound selectively to mGlu2 receptors as evidenced by: 1) the correlative distribution and abundance of binding sites (highest in the lacunosum moleculare of the hippocampus and lowest in white matter) with mGlu2 receptor mRNA and protein revealed by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, respectively; 2) its selective pharmacology; and 3) the distribution of LY354740‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding (25–97% above basal, according to the brain region), revealing G protein‐coupled receptor coupling to Gi proteins. Nonspecific binding (in the presence of 10 μM DCG‐IV, a group II‐selective, mGlu2‐preferring, receptor agonist) was <10% of total. In adjacent sections, the distribution of binding sites for [3H]DCG‐IV was very similar. This extensive study paves the way for investigations of the regional expression and regulation of mGlu2 receptors in human CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, which may reveal their functional roles and identify potential therapeutic drug targets. Indeed, it has recently been demonstrated (Higgins et al. [2004] Neuropharmacology 46:907–917) that pharmacological manipulation of mGlu2 receptors influences cognitive performance in the rodent. J. Comp. Neurol. 487:15–27, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between soil properties, crop management, plant growth and vigour, nematode occurrence and root damage in East African Highland banana-cropping systems: a case study in Rwanda

Parasitic nematodes are widespread in Musa cropping systems in African lowlands where they are known to limit crop production. However, their distribution is very poorly known in the large parts of the East African Highland banana ecology. We carried out a survey in 188 fields in Rwanda to assess and understand nematode occurrence and damage under a wide range of agro-ecological conditions. Altitude varied from 900 to 1800 m above sea level and soil types were distinctly different in the five eco-regions sampled and derived from diverse parent materials; i.e., Ruhengeri (Andosol), Gitarama-Butare (Acrisol), Kibungo (Nitisol), Gashonga (Ferralsol) and Bugarama (Fluvisol and Vertisol). Crop management practices, root health parameters and nematode infection in roots were recorded for a single East African highland banana cultivar (Intuntu, AAA-EA). Plant-parasitic nematodes from five genera were identified: Pratylenchus goodeyi, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Meloidogyne spp. , Radopholus similis and Hoplolaimus pararobustus. Pratylenchus goodeyi was the dominant species in all eco-regions except in Bugarama (lowland). Only the presence of P. goodeyi significantly correlated with root necroses. Altitude was strongly correlated with root densities of P. goodeyi and R. similis. A possible negative impact by P. goodeyi on banana yields was masked by the fact that nematode populations were positively correlated with high plant density and/or mulching practices, which led to relatively high plant vigour irrespective of soil type. Therefore, controlled field experiments will be needed to assess whether root necrosis caused by P. goodeyi at high altitude (>1400 m) actually has a detrimental impact on banana yields, similar to that observed for root-lesion nematodes at lower altitudes.
Avocado: Is it possible to produce two seedlings with one seed?

Submitted on December 10 , 2019 and accepted on March 25 , 2020. Project idealized by fruit growing trainees, seen field practices made by producers. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. jackson.chaves@ufv . br; guila1798@gmail.com; josyturchet@gmail.com; dumba12@hotmail.com; lsalomao@ufv . br *Corresponding author: josyturchet@gmail.com Short communication Avocado: Is it possible to produce two seedlings with one seed?
Analysis of e-Government Services: A Study of the Adoption of Electronic Tax Filing in Indonesia

This study explores the impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, and perceived risks of using electronic tax filing (e-Filing) on the intention to use e-Filing through a technology acceptance model framework. The theoretical foundation used in this study is the technology acceptance model (TAM) on 201 valid questionnaires completed by Indonesian taxpayers. The data collected was analyzed by structural equation modelling using SmartPLS (3.0 Version). The results of the study revealed that e-Filing’s perceived usefulness and risk were significantly associated with intention to use, while perceived ease-of-use did not have a significant effect. Although the influence of perceived risks significantly mediated the influence of perceived usefulness, it did not significantly mediate the influence of ease-of-use. Gender was found to significantly moderate the influence of e-Filing’s perceived usefulness, but not to moderate the influence of perceived ease-of-use. Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) finds that the intention to use e-Filing is most strongly influenced by its perceived usefulness and perceived risk. This implies that policymakers must highlight the perceived usefulness and communicate the perceived risks of e-Filing to ensure taxpayers are willing to use the system. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to examine both mediation and moderation to analyze the adoption of technology in Indonesia’s taxation system and offer a policy perspective through IPMA.
Detection, identification and toxigenicity of cyanobacteria in New Zealand lakes using PCR-based methods

Abstract The aims of this study were to investigate the population dynamics and distribution of cyanobacteria in three New Zealand lakes, to detect the presence of microcystin-producing mcyE genes in potentially toxigenic strains and to correlate the finding with microcystin production. A total of 18 samples collected over a 6-week period from Lakes Rotorua, Rotoiti and Rotoehu were found to be predominantly composed of Microcystis spp. , Anabaena spp. , Coelosphaerium spp. and Aphanocapsa spp. The 820-bp-long region of the microcystin synthetase gene (mcyE) was successfully amplified for 11 out of the 18 water samples in genera of Microcystis and Anabaena. This provides the first documented evidence of Anabaena sp. carrying the potential to produce microcystins in New Zealand. Microcystin-LR was the only variant detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis and was present in all samples from Lake Rotoehu.
Children's ideas in classifying animals

Over much of this century taxonomy has maintained a prominent position in the school science curriculum. Despite this long history of instruction, performance on tasks requiring children to classify animals has often been found to be poor. This article reports on a study carried out with 12-, 14-, and 15-year old pupils, highlighting justifications made for their classifications. The pupils' attitudes to classification and its uses inside and outside school were also probed by means of a questionnaire. Results of the study show that children often have a restricted view of the concepts involved and that their experiences may need to be broadened. The study also shows that personalized uses for classification might improve performance as might a more general competence in observation.