Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors Among Adult HIV Patients on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment

Background: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) prolongs the life span of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and intensely reduces HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Globally, HIV-associated non-communicable diseases are becoming major public concerns, and chronic comorbidities have appeared as a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality in HIV patients with prolonged use of HAART. Purpose: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and risk factors among adult HIV patients exposed to HAART at Jimma Zone Public Hospitals from May to July 30, 2018. Patients and Methods: A convenient sampling technique was used to include a total of 271 adult HIV patients on HAART visiting the selected health facilities at the time of data collection. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire and by reviewing patients’ record data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify variables that are independent predictors for diabetes mellitus. Results: The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes among PLWHIV exposed to HAART was 11.4% and 16.6%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetic dyslipidemia in PLWHIV exposed on HAART was 8.9% (n=24). Government workers (AOR: 0.17, 95% C.I=0.03– 0.85, P=0.031), long duration in HAART use (AOR: 11.06, 95% C.I:1.03–18.67, P=0.047), hyper-triglyceridemia (AOR: 2.62,95% C.I:0.82, 8.39, P=0.005), LDL-C <130 mg/dl (AOR: 4.04, 95% C.I=1.33–12.30, P=0.014), and obesity (AOR: 9.62, 95% C.I: 1.01–91.52, P=0.049) were independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus in PLWHIV exposed to HAART. Conclusion: Exposure to HAART increased the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in PLWHIV although it enhances quality of life, improves immune functions and prevents the onset of opportunistic infections. Therefore, regular screening for blood glucose level for PLWHIV on HAART is advisable.
Resistance of Common Circulating Enteric Bacterial Pathogens to Prescribed Antibiotics Among Under Five Years i n Selected Public Hospitals in Kenya

This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Single stool samples were collected from 1644 outpatients presenting with diarrhea at Busia, Kitale, Malindi, Wajir, and Machakos publichospitals from June 2013 to June 2016 and shipped to Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI). Pathogenic E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella sp. were isolated using standard microbiological methods. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to characterize E. coli isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.
How Flexible is Tool Use in Eurasian Jays (Garrulus glandarius)?

– Eurasian jays ( Garrulus glandarius ) do not habitually use tools, yet they can be trained to solve object-dropping tasks, i.e., to insert a tool into an apparatus to release a food reward. Previous research suggests that these jays can learn a preference toward functional tools – objects allowing them to obtain a food reward placed inside an apparatus – according to their density (Cheke et al., 2011). However, it is not yet known whether they can also select functional tools (tool selectivity) according to other physical properties such as size and shape and use different kinds of tools to solve a similar task. Here we conducted three object-dropping experiments aimed at exploring these abilities in Eurasian jays. In Experiment 1, jays tended to select large stones as tools irrespective of the diameter of the apparatus. However, jays progressively developed a preference for the small tool, which was functional with both the wide and the narrow apparatuses. In Experiment 2, only vertically oriented long stones could fit into the narrow apparatus, whereas both long and round stones were functional with the wide apparatus. Jays showed a preference for the long stone and, with the narrow apparatus, tended to achieve the correct manipulation after one or more unsuccessful attempts. In Experiment 3, jays were able to use sticks and adopt a novel technique on the same object-dropping apparatus, thus providing the first evidence that Eurasian jays can use sticks as tools. Taken together, these results do not support the notion that tool selectivity abilities can be found in Eurasian jays but nonetheless show that these corvids can use different kinds of tools to solve similar tasks.
THE INCREASING RATIO OF CESAREAN SECTION DELIVERIES: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS

Objective: Cesarean Section (CS) rates are becoming a global concern because of their steady increase, lack of awareness about the indications, and associated short and long-term risks. In this study, we offer the rates of cesarean deliveries compared to natural births, and the reasons for the CS deliveries done. Methods: This study was a retrospective study of files of obstetricians in their clinics in Damascus, Syria. In this study, we included all pregnant cases who reviewed the clinics between 10 August 2018 to 31 January 2020 for delivery. Furthermore, we collected the files from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2014 to compare and find if the cesarean section rates have increased. The study included 1521 deliveries and 1608 deliveries in the current and earlier studied periods, respectively. Results: We reviewed the number of delieveries during the current studied period and we found a total of 1521 deliveries. 787 cases (52%) of them were done by CS. Moreover, 57% of them (787 cases) had a cesarean section delievery per their request (no indications), while 43% of them had an indication for cesarean section delievery. Moreover, in the earlier studied period, we found 1608 deliveries. 523 cases (33%) of them were done by CS. Furthermore, 44% of them (523 cases) were per mother request compared to 56% of them who had a medical indication. Conclusion: From the total deliveries, in the current study period, 52% had CS deliveries, while in the earlier period, 33% had CS deliveries. Furthermore, given the increasing rate of CS in our country and globally, it is very important to focus our attention on the causes of this incidence in order to reduce it, therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness on this issue to reduce the excessive use of this procedure, which may be dangerous for the mother and newborn.
University of Birmingham Caught in the Web? Addictive Behaviour in Cyberspace and the Role of Goal-Orientation

New online 3-D virtual worlds are complex and differ significantly from each other. In this study we examine whether the type of virtual world is likely to make a difference on how addictive behavior develops and its subsequent outcomes. We examine the effect of goal-orientation on the degree to which cognitive absorption within the virtual world results in addiction and in the impact of addiction on continuance and purchasing intentions. Using surveys conducted in World of Warcraft (goal-oriented) and Second Life (experience-oriented) virtual worlds and analysis via ANOVA, we find that while cognitive absorption contributes to the development of addiction, which subsequently leads to increased continuance and spending intentions in goal-oriented virtual worlds, none of these relationships hold in the case of the experience-oriented world. Goal-oriented virtual worlds provide a problematic conduit for addictive behavior and marketing manipulation and the authors believe that they would benefit from further attention by policy-makers. Experience-oriented virtual worlds do not appear to provide the same dangers and would appear to be more healthy avenues for marketing-consumer engagement.
Can Green Behaviors Really Be Increased for all Employees? Trade-offs for “Deep Greens” in a Goal -Oriented green HRM Intervention.

This study explores the complex interaction between psychological and goal-relevant boundary conditions that influence levels of individual engagement in a green Human Resource Management (HRM) intervention designed to encourage Employee Green Behavior (EGB). Data were collected from 1,112 employees in an automobile manufacturing plant. Consistent with goal setting theory, the level of feedback received predicts EGB. However, a three-way interaction demonstrates how employees with high-levels of autonomous motivation do not gain the expected benefits of high feedback and high goal commitment in the enactment of EGB. Instead, only those with weak autonomous motivation are affected by these goal-related constructs. Findings suggest that both goal-setting and self-determination theories are relevant to green HRM interventions. Managers should consider that interventions that are effective for employees who do not have strong autonomous motivation towards the environment may not be effective for those who do. Our study demonstrates the value for organizations in utilizing goal-oriented approaches in EGB interventions and broader green HRM. Our results support core goal-setting principles (Locke & Latham, 1980; Locke & Latham, 2004) in aiding extrinsic motivation toward EGB goals, however they also indicate that they cannot be used without considering the special requirements of EGB and autonomous environmental motivation.
Smells Like Team Spirit: An Experiment on Relative Performance Feedback

Between and within firms, work teams compete against each other and receive feedback on how well their team is performing relative to their benchmarks. In this paper we investigate experimentally how teams respond to relative performance feedback (RPF). We find that when subjects work under team incentives, then RPF on team performance increases the teams’ average performance by almost 10 percent. The treatment effect is driven by higher top performance, as this is almost 20% higher when the teams receive RPF compared to when the teams only receive absolute performance feedback (APF). The experiment suggests that top performers are particularly motivated by the combination of team incentives and team RPF. In fact, team incentives trigger significantly higher top performance than individual incentives when the team is exposed to RPF. We also find notable gender differences. In particular, females respond negatively to individual RPF, but even more positively than males to team RPF.
Translation equivalence in free groups

Motivated by the work of Leininger on hyperbolic equivalence of homotopy classes of closed curves on surfaces, we investigate a similar phenomenon for free groups. Namely, we study the situation when two elements $g,h$ in a free group $F$ have the property that for every free isometric action of $F$ on an $\mathbb{R}$-tree $X$ the translation lengths of $g$ and $h$ on $X$ are equal. We give a combinatorial characterization of this phenomenon, called translation equivalence, in terms of Whitehead graphs and exhibit two difference sources of it. The first source of translation equivalence comes from representation theory and $SL_2$ trace identities. The second source comes from geometric properties of groups acting on real trees and a certain power redistribution trick. We also analyze to what extent these are applicable to the tree actions of surface groups that occur in the Thurston compactification of the Teichmuller space.
Is there a need to stabilize Flexible Working Arrangements?

Work-life flexibility has influenced the way work is organized in modern organizations, which has led to a widespread adoption of the concept Flexible Working Arrangements (FWAs). While FWAs is a well-researched area, there are still significant limitations in previous literature. Previous studies on FWAs tend to focus directly on the implications of flexibility in relation to work-family conflicts. This study aims to broaden the understanding of how FWAs are used and understood in practice and the consequences of having a flexible work-life within the Swedish public sector. Drawing on a comparative approach to explore similarities and differences between employees and managers in relation to existing policies, this study contributes with several main findings. First, by taking the lens of boundary theory, employees' and managers' engagement in diverse types of boundary work practices could be explained. In addition, a kind of boundary loyalty has been identified where the employees gave accounts of a loyalty and respect towards the boundaries between domains. Secondly, the findings of this study point towards a need to stabilize the FWAs for a number of reasons. Lastly, this study may provide inspiration for future research of how the concept of FWA can be used and understood in practice, and the implications an increasingly flexible work-life can have for people working in an organization.
Examining the effect of employee green involvement on perception of corporate social responsibility

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the extent to which green involvement (GI) can affect employee perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR), with the intervening role of green training (GT). Design/methodology/approachThe sample for the study was collected from employees working in tourist hotels. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the fit of the hypothesized model, and hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe results showed that GI of employees has a positive and significant relationship with their perception of CSR. The study further revealed that when there is an increase in GT, the relationship between GI and perception of CSR gets more positive.Originality/valueIt adds value to the ongoing research in the field of environment, training and CSR. The findings will be helpful for policy makers and researchers in the field of stakeholder management.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Radiolabeled PET Probe for Visualization of In Vivo α -Fucosidase Expression

: The acidic hydrolase α -fucosidase (AF) is a biomarker for maladies such as cancer and inflammation. The most advanced probes for α -fucosidase are unfortunately constrained to ex vivo or in vitro applications. The in vivo detection and quantification of AF using positron emission tomography would allow for better discovery and diagnosis of disease as well as provide better understanding of disease progression. We synthesized, characterized, and evaluated a radiolabeled small molecule inhibitor of AF based on a known molecule. The radiosynthesis involved the 11 C methylation of a phenoxide, which was generated in situ by ultrasonification of the precursor with sodium hydride. The tracer was produced with a decay corrected yield of 41.7 ± 16.5% and had a molar activity of 65.4 ± 30.3 GBq/μmol. The tracer was shown to be stable in mouse serum at 60 min. To test the new tracer, HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells were engineered to overexpress human AF. In vitro evaluation revealed 3.5-fold higher uptake in HCT116AF cells compared to HCT116 controls (26.4 ± 7.8 vs. 7.5 ± 1.0 kBq/10 6 cells). Static PET scans 50 min post injection revealed 2.5-fold higher tracer uptake in the HCT116AF tumors (3.0 ± 0.8%ID/cc ( n = 6)) compared with the controls (1.2 ± 0.8 ( n = 5)). Dynamic scans showed higher uptake in the HCT116AF tumors at all time-points ( n = 2). Ex vivo analysis of the tumors, utilizing fluorescent DDK2 antibodies, confirmed the expression of human AF in the HCT116AF xenografts. We have developed a novel PET tracer to image AF in vivo and will now apply this to relevant disease models.
Changing from the femoral artery to the radial artery as the preferred access site for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a real world single center registry data of 1808 consecutive acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients

Objective To compare the short and long-term outcomes of trans-radial (TRA) versus trans-femoral approach (TFA) for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) during a complete institutional transition from TFA to TRA as the site of access. PPCI is the preferred treatment for STEMI patients. Whether the TRA is associated with improved outcomes of the treated patients, as compared to the TFA, remains to be assessed. Consecutive STEMI patients (n=1808) who underwent PPCI using TRA (n=1162) and TFA (n=646) from October 2007 to December 2010 were enrolled. By 2007, TRA was used in 25% of PPCI and in 2010 this number was 95%. Primary end-points were cardiovascular death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as a composite of death, stroke, re-infarction and target vessel revascularization at 30 days and one year. and effective for STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, with favorable effects on short-term and long-term outcomes. compare the outcomes of a large scale cohort of undergoing TFA and TRA performed same seven high-volume operators experienced in TFA routine TRA. the retrospective a randomized trial, the comparison of TFA and TRA of the TRA of the
Comparison of delta O-18 analyses on individual planktic foraminifer (Orbulina universa) shells by SIMS and gas- source mass spectrometry

The oxygen isotope ( δ 18 O) compositions of ﬁ nal chamber fragments of individual shells of the planktic for- aminifer Orbulina universa were measured in situ via secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and by traditional gas-source mass spectrometry (GSMS) entailing acid digestion of sampled calcite. The paired SIMS-GSMS ana- lyses were performed on ﬁ nal chamber fragments of fossil shells taken from the top of a sediment core (Holocene) as well as shells grown in laboratory culture. Multiple iterations of SIMS-GSMS analyses were conducted on ﬁ nal chamber fragments treated with a variety of cleaning protocols. The series of paired analyses yielded an average SIMS-GSMS δ 18 O o ﬀ set ( Δ 18 O SIMS-GSMS ) of − 0.9 ± 0.1 ‰ (±2 SE). The volume of material analyzed in 10- μ m SIMS spots is ~10 5 times smaller than that analyzed by GSMS; hence, the extent to which these Δ 18 O SIMS-GSMS values represent real di ﬀ erences in analyte vs. instrumental factors remains unclear. Possible contributing factors to the SIMS-GSMS δ 18 O di ﬀ erence include sample-standard mismatch by SIMS, di ﬀ erences in standardization of SIMS and GSMS, and non-calcite contaminants in samples. Although the two datasets are consistently o ﬀ set, SIMS values reproduce inter-shell δ 18 O variability delineated by shell fragment GSMS values. This strong positive covariance proved useful for bringing the two datasets into agreement (i.e. Δ 18 O SIMS-GSMS =0), and con ﬁ rms that SIMS-based foraminifer δ 18 O values record changes in calci ﬁ cation temperature and/or δ 18 O of seawater. Whether shells of foraminifer taxa with di ﬀ ering microcrystalline structures, chemical composition, and/or preservation histories register a similar Δ 18 O SIMS-GSMS value is a subject of ongoing testing.
B. Managers of SMEs in Ghana C. Employee retention in small and medium-size enterprises

The purpose of this study was to understand the challenges SME managers in a developing economy such as Ghana face in retaining their employees and how the situation could be mediated. This is because Ghanaian small and mediumsize enterprises are overwhelmed with the issue of how to retain their employees. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from a sample of 300 SME managers and employees in fifteen small and medium firms in the manufacturing, financial, hospitality, IT, retail and service industries, it was found that the firms’ HR practices significantly impact negatively employee retention. It is therefore concluded that the best retention strategies available to SMEs in Ghana is the need to adopt a flexible workplace practices and work family support policies as well as focusing on good reward management practices. Keywords—Employee retention; Employee retention; SMEs; SME managers; Ghana A. Firms constituting SMEs in Ghana INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS DOI: 10.46300/9108.2021. 15.11 Volume 15, 2021 E-ISSN: 1998-4308 72 B. Managers of SMEs in Ghana C. Employee retention in small and medium-size enterprises INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS DOI: 10.46300/9108.2021. 15.11 Volume 15, 2021 E-ISSN: 1998-4308 73 A. Data Collection B. Data Analysis INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS DOI: 10.46300/9108.2021. 15.11 Volume 15, 2021 E-ISSN: 1998-4308 74 A. Appraisal of the challenges in managing employee retention. B. Appraisal of how employees leave their firm. C. Appraisal of reasons employees give when leaving their firm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS DOI: 10.46300/9108.2021. 15.11 Volume 15, 2021 E-ISSN: 1998-4308 75 D. Standard multiple regression analysis of SMEs Human Resource practices and employee retention In answering research question two which states: How do HR practices carried out in Ghanaian SMEs affect employee retention, multiple regression analysis was conducted to the impact of such HR practices employees’ retention. By using employee retention and HR practices as dependent and independent variables respectively, the regression analysis result is given in table 1 below. TABLE 1 STANDARD MULTIPLE REGRESSION ESITMATES OF HR ON
Viability and longevity of pollen in Mexican lemon genotypes estimated by in vitro germination

Studies of pollen viability and longevity in the genotypes selected as progenitors are useful to ensure the success of hybridizations in a breeding program. The present study was carried out in the Tecoman Experimental Field of INIFAP, in Tecoman Colima, Mexico, during the months of January and February of 2008 and 2009. The viability and longevity of the pollen were estimated in three varieties of Mexican lemon [ Citrus aurantifolia ): ‘Colimex’, ‘Colimon’ and ‘Lise’, two natural hybrids of Mexican lemon; CV 63-64 and CV 67-68 as well as the ‘Citrange C-35’ ( C. sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata ) as a control. The formulations of Brewbaker and Kwack (1963); Lora et al . (2006); Leal (1969) modified were evaluated. The three culture media promoted in vitro germination of pollen grains in very similar proportions, close to 20%. The genotypes, ‘Colimon’ and ‘Lise’ registered low germination percentages of 0.78% and 3.05% respectively. On the other hand, the variety ‘Colimex’ and the natural hybrid CV 63-64, had intermediate percentage values, while the ‘Citrange C-35’ and the natural hybrid CV 67-68 reached the highest pollen viability percentages (43.3% and 39.69% respectively) and can function as pollen donors. The pollen of all genotypes evaluated, conserved at room temperature, which fluctuated between 21 °C and 30 °C, lost almost 100% of its viability 48 h after anthesis. This is the first study on the viability and longevity of Mexican lemon pollen using in vitro germination tests.