Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caring for the carers: the characteristics of district nursing support for family carers

Aim This paper presents findings from an ethnographic study that examined how qualified district nurses’ conceptualized their role in relation to family carers and how they performed this aspect of their role. Methods A participant observational study involving fieldwork and in-depth interviews with six district nursing teams was undertaken over a 12-month period. Interview transcripts and fieldnotes were analysed by drawing upon the principles of dimensional analysis. Findings District nurses acted on the assumption that family carers would, by choice or default, provide care. Family carer support was conceptualized as a means of promoting self-care and the patient’s independence from nursing services. The rationale for providing family carer support was based largely on service capacity rather than on carer needs and preferences. Six characteristics of district nursing support for carers were identified: enabling, supporting, mediating, care substitution, crisis prevention and crisis intervention. Family carers were not recipients of district nursing support in their own right but were dependent upon the cared-for person receiving nursing care. This in turn was conditional upon others (general practitioners and hospitals) making appropriate patient referrals. Family carer support was also conditional upon effective communication and family carer receptiveness. Conclusion As the scope of home-based nursing continues to increase, district nurses need to take a more active stance in providing family carer support and adopt a family rather than patient-focused approach in order that family carers might be supported more effectively.
Correlation Studies of Arsenic Level In Drinking Water and Blood Samples of Females in District Sheikhupura, Pakistan

Arsenic contamination of drinking water has become a major health concern all over the world. Pakistan is also facing an arsenic contamination in drinking water. The present study determine the correlation of arsenic level in drinking water and blood sample of females of District Sheikhupura, Pakistan. The study area for the present research work is District Sheikhupura, which is an industrial as well as an agricultural city in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The arsenic concentration in drinking water from different sources used by the inhabitants and blood samples of females was measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The drinking water of tehsils Sheikhupura and Sharaqpur had higher arsenic as compared to other tehsils (64.25 ± 2.55 μg L-1 and 61.63 ± 2.73 μg L-1) respectively, and was highest in all hands pumping water (71.14 ± 2.6μg L-1). Mean arsenic concentration in blood samples was highest in the age group of 23-25 years (3.2 ± 0.23 μg L-1) and being highest among respondents of tehsil Sheikhupura. A positive correlation between drinking water and blood samples when analyzed with respect to area and drinking water sources was found. Evidences suggest that the presence of arsenic in drinking water is likely to affect general metabolism and its accumulation in human. This appears to be linked with exposure of varying magnitude and duration.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Diit Hipertensi Pada Lanjut Usia Di Desa Wironanggan Kecamatan Gatak Sukoharjo

The case of hypertension incident of elderly in Wironaggan village 2014 is highest compared to other diseases recorded 206 patients. The high incidence of hypertension caused is still bad compliance hypertension diet,, and poor hypertension diet as a result of elderly lack knowledge. Health education is one way to increase knowledge of elderly through a speech method and media leaflets . The purpose of study is to know the influence of health education on knowledge and hypertension diet, compliance of elderly in Wironanggan Village of Gatak Sukoharjo. The research was using quasi experiment, and pretest - posttest with control groups design. Sampel research are 33 elderly of posyandu members and as case group and 33 elderly as control groups. Taking sample was using proportional random sampling. Health education was using speech method, instrument with Health education and leaflet. Instrument was using hypertension diet a questionnaire knowledge, and diet, hypertension compliance. Analysis data was using comparative data. The test results shows that Wilcoxon Sign Test a pre test post test of knowledge with p = 0.015. Results study showed with paired sample test pre test post test hypertension diet, p = 0,445. conclusions there was an influence of health education on knowledge but there was no influence of health education of hypertension diet, compliance of elderly, thus still needed behavioral discipline of elderly to follow hypertension diet, to avoid the recurrence of hypertension.
Nasal Staphylococcus Aureus Carriage in Nurses and their Household Members

Background: Staphylococcus aureus colonization is common in normal population and the prevalence is higher in health care staff. Transmis sion of this organism is possible from the nose to the hands and with the contact of the individual’s hand s to the nose during the routine work. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the nasal S.aureus carriage in nurses working in the crucial departments and in their household members. Methodology: This study consisted of 50 nurses working in a Medi cal Faculty Hospital and their 128 family members between January 14 th -April 30 th 2008. The bacterial strains were identified by conventional method and the antibiotic resistance w as carried out by disc diffusion method. Results: S.aureus carriage was 18% (9/50) for nurses and 24.2% (31/1 28) for household members and methicillin resistance was not determined. Ther e was no significant relationship among the risk factors in the nurses group but a meaningful relati onship was observed between the carriage state and chronic sickness and using antibiotics in the nurse s’ household group. Conclusions: It is necessary to detect the carriers among the a pparently healthy nurses and it could be beneficial to control their family members particul arly if they have a chronic disease or use antibiot ics.
The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study

The association between apolipoproteins and neurodegeneration is unclear. The authors examined the association of dementia with serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) alone and in combination with the apolipoprotein E genotype (ApoE). Subjects were Japanese-American men in Hawaii followed since 1965 in the Honolulu Heart Program cohort and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Lipid levels were assessed in 1980–1982. Dementia was diagnosed in 1991–1993, 1994–1996, and 1997–1999 by using a multistep procedure and international guidelines. The sample consisted of 929 men (107 dementia cases). The relation between ApoA-I and dementia was examined by using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, education, and cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with men in the lowest quartile, men in the highest quartile of ApoA-I concentration had a significantly lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio ¼ 0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.78). Compared with men with both risk factors, those with a high ApoA-I concentration and no ApoE e4 had a significantly lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio ¼ 0.21, 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.52). Previous work has demonstrated an inverse relation between ApoA-I and cardiovascular disease, and the authors extended these findings to the risk of dementia. These results raise the possibility that different lipoprotein components of cholesterol may be differentially associated with dementia. apolipoproteins; apolipoproteins E; dementia; lipids
A meta-analysis of adolescent psychosocial smoking prevention programs in the United States

Adolescent psychosocial smoking prevention programs have been successful, but limited in the magnitude of program effects. The present study is the secondary analysis after the previous study estimated mean effect sizes in smoking knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors with treatment variables. Regardless of overall program effect estimations that other meta analysis studies have done, this study is conducted to identify explanatory variables that are likely to increase program effects. A decrease of adolescent smoking behaviors is associated with the following factors: a. Younger students (5 th -7 th ) than older students (8 th -12 th ). b. Research methodology using true experimental design, quasi experimental design with equivalence between groups, use of random assignment, 10% or less attrition rate, use of a no treatment control group, high implementation fidelity, and/or acceptable instrumentation reliability c. Programs using trained peer leaders, targeting cigarette smoking only, implementing 10 or more treatment sessions and/ or providing booster sessions.
Comparison of different stains in imprint cytology with the conventional diagnostic tools in detection of Helicobacter pylori infection

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of infection is imperative for the cure of distressing symptoms and prevention of complications. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate imprint cytology of gastric biopsy specimens as a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool and its comparison with conventional diagnostic tests. Materials and Methods: Antral biopsies were collected from 130 patients and evaluated for H. pylori infection by imprint cytology and histopathological examination by different stains and rapid urease test (RUT). Histopathological features of gastric biopsy specimens were also assessed. Results: A total of 118 patients showed H. pylori infection by two or more methods. Giemsa histology showed highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden′s Index (YI). Among imprint cytology stain methods, toluidine blue showed highest sensitivity and highest YI was obtained for PAP stain. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric mucosa changes like chronic active gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, ulceration and carcinoma. Imprint cytology has high sensitivity and comparable predictive values to conventional diagnostic tools-histopathological examination and RUT in the detection of H. pylori infection.
Poly[tetra-μ-aqua-hexa­aquadi-μ3-malon­ato-dinitratodibarium(II)nickel(II)]

The title complex, [Ba2Ni(C3H2O4)2(NO3)2(H2O)10]n, has a two-dimensional layer structure. The Ni atom lies on a crystallographic centre of symmetry in an octa­hedral NiO6 environment, and is coordinated by four malonate O atoms in a planar arrangement and by two water mol­ecules in axial positions. The coordination of the unique Ba atom involves two nitrate O atoms, five water mol­ecules and three malonate O atoms.
Acute otitis media in young children : randomized controlled trials of antimicrobial treatment, prevention and quality of life

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibiotic treatment and surgery on acute otitis media (AOM), and to evaluate quality of life (QoL) among children with AOM and their parents. To evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics, a total of 82 children with AOM were randomized for antibiotic or placebo treatment for 7 days. The duration of middle ear effusion was measured by daily tympanometry screenings at home over 2 weeks. Duration was also measured at clinical visits, including at entry, after 3 days, after 7 days, and then weekly until both ears were healthy according to pneumatic otoscopy or otomicroscopy, or for a maximum of 2 months. Among the group receiving antibiotics, middle ear effusion disappeared 2.0 weeks earlier than among those receiving placebo (P<0.02). On day 14, 69% of children in the antibiotic group and 38% in the placebo group had normal tympanometry findings (P=0.02). On day 60, 5% of children in the antibiotic group and 24% in the placebo group had persistent middle ear effusion (P=0.01). The effect of surgery was assessed by randomly assigning 300 children with recurrent AOM, aged 10 months to 2 years, into 3 groups: 1. to receive ventilation tubes (VTs), 2. to receive VTs and adenoidectomy and 3. non-surgery. Follow-up of children occurred at clinical visits every 4 months for a 1-year period. If children suffered from upper respiratory symptoms or their parents suspected AOM during this period they were encouraged to receive additional follow-up care. Intervention was considered unsuccessful if a child had 2 AOM episodes in 2 months, 3 episodes in 6 months or persistent effusion lasting for 2 months. Intervention failed in 34% of children in the non-surgery group, 21% in the VT group (P=0.04 compared to non-surgery) and 16% in the group with VT and adenoidectomy (P=0.004 compared to non-surgery). QoL was assessed among 159 children participating in the study on the effect of surgery in children with recurrent AOM. We used disease-specific (Otitis Media-6) and generic instruments (Child Health Questionnaire-50) to measure QoL among children with AOM and their parents, and the effect of surgery on QoL. Children with AOM and their parents had a significantly poorer QoL than healthy children. QoL improved significantly at 1-year follow-up, but it did not reach the level observed in healthy children. Surgery did not have any additional impact on QoL.
Prevalensi dan Determinan Kelebihan Berat Badan dan Kegemukan pada Anak Berusia 5-15 Tahun

Kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan, suatu keadaan lemak tubuh yang berlebihan, merupakan masalah kesehatan di negara-negara maju dan negara-negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan anak usia 5-15 tahun menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007. Ditemukan bahwa prevalensi kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan pada anak berusia usia 5-15 tahun masing-masing 7,4% dan 8,3%. Jika dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, riwayat kegemukan ibu, kebiasaan konsumsi buah mingguan, kebiasaan merokok, dan asupan energi, faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kelebihan berat badan (> 85% persentil) anak adalah riwayat kegemukan ayah. Disimpulkan bahwa keturunan merupakan faktor penting kelebihan berat badan dan kegemukan pada anak-anak. Program intervensi kesehatan masyarakat sebaiknya ditujukan pada keluarga dan determinan sosial yang difokuskan pada perubahan gaya hidup seperti membiasakan untuk tidak terlalu banyak mengonsumsi makanan tinggi kalori dan gula serta orang tua sebaiknya mengembangkan suatu pola aktivitas fisik anak yang dapat merangsang gerakan olah tubuh. Kata kunci: Kelebihan berat badan, kegemukan, anak, prevalensi, determinan Abstract Overweight and obesity, a condition where the amount of body fat is in excess, are health problems in both developed and developing countries including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinant of overweight and obesity in children using 2007 Basic Health Research data. It was found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 5 to 15 years old are 7,4% and 8,3%, respectively. If controlled by sex, education level, history of mother’s obesity, weekly habit to consume fruit, smoking habit, and energy intake, the most dominant factor related to children overweight (> 85%) is the history of father’s obesity. It is concluded that genetics are important factors of overweight and obesity in children. Public health intervention should address family and social determinants with a focus on the change in life style i.e not too much eating high calories and sugar and parents should develop physical activity patterns to stimulate their activity. Key words: Overweight, obesity, child, prevalence, determinant
Low Testosterone Levels in Male Patients with Hypertension

Testosterone is the predominant sex hormone in men. Hypogonadism usually results in decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased muscle mass and strength, obesity, depressed mood and diminished energy, osteoporosis and decreased sexual hair. However, low testosterone levels are also associated with a spectrum of serious complications. These include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation. Low testosterone levels have been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. This study looks at the prevalence of low serum testosterone levels in hypertensive men and briefly reviews its impact on associated cardiovascular risk factors.
(E)-1-(5-Chlorothiophen-2-yl)-3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C15H13ClOS, the olefinic double bond adopts an E configuration. The mol­ecule is nearly planar, as seen by the dihedral angle of 9.07 (8)° between the thio­phene and phenyl rings. The trans configuration of the C=C double bond in the central enone group is confirmed by the C—C=C—C torsion angle of 177.6 (2)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the c axis.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ACADEMIC BURNOUT, SELF- EFFICACY AND ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT AMONG NIGERIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS

The level of students’ engagement in their academic activities has continued to attract the interest of researchers and education administrators. The need to understand the factors that inhibit or enhance students’ academic engagement is therefore necessary especially in developing countries where level of education is generally low. This study explored the relationship between academic burnout, self-efficacy and academic engagement among Nigeria university undergraduates (college students). Two hundred respondents were sampled from five departments of the faculty of social sciences in a state-owned university in North Central, Nigeria. The results of the regression analyses revealed that academic burnout was negatively related with academic engagement. Self-efficacy was positively related with academic engagement. Implications of the findings to learning in Nigerian university context were discussed.
A STUDY ON POISON CASES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ALONG WITH POISON AWARENESS EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES

Objective: To determine the incidence and severity of poisoning cases in Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute. Design: Retrospective and prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: All the poisoning cases due to various agents who attended Emergency from 1st January 2007 to 30th March 2010 were evaluated retrospectively and prospectively. Results: A total of 232 poisoning cases were attended emergency Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute over a period of 39 months. The overall male to female Ratio was 1.5:1. The majority of the poisoning cases were found in the age groups of 16-30 years (42.2%). Organophosphorus was the most commonly used for self poisoning 31%. Farmers 32.35%, service holders 22.4% and students 20.3% were commonly involved in self poisoning. Intentional poisoning comprised 46.5% of all poisoning. Conclusion: Majority causes of intentional/accidental have been identified and factors contributing occupation related agro chemical poisoning are discussed.
SERIES ''MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN LUNG HEALTH AND DISEASE'' Edited by J. Muller-Quernheim and O. Eickelberg Number 2 in this Series Matrix metalloproteinases in tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health pandemic. Infection is spread by the aerosol route and Mycobacterium tuberculosis must drive lung destruction to be transmitted to new hosts. Such inflammatory tissue damage is responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients. The underlying mechanisms of matrix destruction in TB remain poorly understood but consideration of the lung extracellular matrix predicts that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) will play a central role, owing to their unique ability to degrade fibrillar collagens and other matrix components. Since we proposed the concept of a matrix degrading phenotype in TB a decade ago, diverse data implicating MMPs as key mediators in TB pathology have accumulated. We review the lines of investigation that have indicated a critical role for MMPs in TB pathogenesis, consider regulatory pathways driving MMPs and propose that inhibition of MMP activity is a realistic goal as adjunctive therapy to limit immunopathology in TB.
A Modeling Comparative Study on Sepsis

Patients who suffer from sepsis or septic shock are clinically in relation to organ dysfunction, which results in high mortality rate and healthcare financial loss. This paper presents a system dynamics mathematical model (SDMM) and a multi-agent-based model (MABM), which model and simulate the human's innate immune responses of sepsis. Our goal was to provide comparative insights into the interactions between various pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines during the development of infectious disease ‐ sepsis, especially we focus on the intervention timing and intensity of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results from simulated patient's acute inflammatory responses based on his/her initial conditions and physiological biomarkers could reveal the important but underexplored roles of anti-inflammatory cytokines on sepsis progression. For the model validation, the dynamic behaviors of the new SDMM are compared with the results from the MABM and existing experimental data. After the initial model calibration and validation, sensitivity analysis and stability analysis is carried out using bifurcation analysis to explore the system stability during episodes of sepsis progression under various initial and boundary conditions. By comparing the results from both models, we conclude that MABM is more realistic approach to simulate sepsis progression.
Audit of Primary Caesarean Sections in Nulliparae Seen in ABUTH Kaduna

BACKGROUND: Caesarean Section (CS) often affects the subsequent obstetric career of women. A review of indications for first Caesarean sections in nulliparae seen in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Kaduna (ABUTHK) is timely and will influence interventions aimed at reducing the overall Caesarean Section Rate (CSR). OBJECTIVES: These were to determine the CSR, indications and foeto-maternal outcome of primary CS in nulliparae. METHODS: A three-year retrospective review of primary CS done in ABUTH Kaduna. Data was retrieved from case folders and statistical analysis was by percentages and chi-squared test of significance using the Epi-info 1993 edition and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six nulliparae had primary CS out of 3,962 parturients, but only 146 case folders could be retrieved. The overall CSR was 11.94% and overall primary CSR was 8.71%. Primary CSR in nulliparae was 4.65%. All had Lower Segment CS, mostly as an emergency procedure 135 (92.5%). Most 110 (55.3%) were booked in ABUTH and were predominantly Christians 98 (67.1%). The main indications: dystocia (comprising cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) and malposition) 107 (46.7%), foetal distress 31 (13.5%) and Hypertensive disorders 22(9.6%) were more common. Maternal outcome was good but haemorrhage, anaemia, blood transfusion constituted 47.3% of morbidity while febrile morbidity was 38.6%. Most babies (90.4%) were delivered alive and 49 (33.6%) had APGAR scores of 7 and above. CONCLUSION: Primary CS is done often in nulliparae and the rate is rising as elsewhere. Morbidity is common but mortality is rare.