Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Afterslip and Spontaneous Aseismic Slip on the Anza Segment of the San Jacinto Fault Zone, Southern California

Understanding the interplay of seismic and aseismic slip is key in seismic hazard evaluation. It is particularly important to know if the same or nearby fault segments can host different slip modes and understand the transition between modes of slip. We investigate this in the trifurcation area of the Anza segment of the San Jacinto fault where deep creep driving seismicity below the geodetic locking depth has been proposed. We focus on periods following local moderate‐sized earthquakes by combining the occurrence of highly correlated families of earthquakes (i.e., closely spaced or partially overlapping events) that we describe here as near‐repeating earthquakes, seismicity, and borehole strainmeter data. We find that all Mw > 4.5 earthquakes between 2010 and 2020 triggered afterslip with coplanar families of near‐repeating earthquakes and off‐fault microseismicity. These observations include newly detected afterslip following the June 10, 2016 Mw 5.2 and April 4, 2020 Mw 4.9 local earthquakes. Afterslip geometries defined by the near‐repeating earthquake families are consistent with strain change observations. We conclude that families of near‐repeating earthquakes, similar to low‐frequency earthquakes within tremor, can be useful indicators of aseismic slip transients and can reveal faulting complexities during aseismic slip. Further, we identify the first evidence of spontaneous aseismic slip in the Anza region from near‐repeating earthquake families on two minor faults in 2015. Taken together, our observations support a model where deep microseismicity is located in a transitional region at the bottom of the seismogenic zone with spatially heterogeneous frictional properties that produce frequent aseismic slip transients near Anza.
The impact of covid-19 on financial management: evidence from Romania

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every facet of life globally. Business and commerce are key areas where the monetary crunch has been acutely felt. This study aims to analyze the various key changes in entities’ activities to evaluate the level of business performance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, we use panel data analysis on 218 Romanian listed companies of different sizes (big and small) and belonging to different business sectors for the period June 30, 2019–June 30, 2020. We find that the net profits of the overall market decreased by 37.43% over the analyzed period. However, small companies engaged in agriculture, commerce, construction, IT R&D, and transport and storage witnessed better financial performance. In addition, our results show that equity financing, proper liquidity management, and an increased company size consolidate the economic performance of entities regarding return on equity and return on assets. Our findings are useful for policymakers such as managers and investors and can help them make the best decision for their managing or investing activities. Moreover, governments need to know how companies respond to the pandemic to identify the sectors of activity that are more vulnerable to the crisis’ effects and the main financial management decisions that must be adopted by companies during times of crises.
Vaginal pH Measurement as a Strategy for the Early Diagnosis of Vulvovaginal Atrophy in the Development of Menopause

Objective: Most studies use clinical examination and evaluation of symptoms as subjective forms for the diagnosis of vaginal atrophy. Vaginal hormonal cytology and vaginal pH are objective forms commonly used, however, mainly for treatment control purposes. Despite the relevance of the early diagnosis of vaginal atrophy, we are not aware of studies that objectively or subjectively evaluate the evolution of the parameters with this intention. The aim of the study was to assess if the instruments most used in scientific studies for indication and follow-up of AVV therapy could be used for the early diagnosis of AVV. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 women, 21 in the menopausal/ premenopausal transition (Group 1) and 19 in the postmenopausal (Group 2), between 40 and 65 years old. Results: It was observed that the set of parameters evaluated, such as: symptoms, clinical examination, vaginal pH, cell maturation value and questionnaire, mainly when used in an associated way, suggest being efficient for the diagnosis of AVV. In general, the observed changes in pH measurement show a good association with cell cytology, which was very characteristic in the two experimental groups (pre and postmenopausal). In addition, pH also showed good association with clinical examination parameters and the main symptoms and signs of menopause. Conclusion: Finally, the results herein shown seems to be promising in relation to the use of vaginal pH measurement as a “tool” for the early diagnosis of AVV.
The Impact of Protecting EU Geographical Indications in Trade Agreements

The European Union protects over 1,000 Geographical Indications for distinctive regional foods such as Parma ham and Feta cheese. This paper tests whether external protection of Geographical Indica- tions through trade agreements has increased exports of European Union Geographical Indications. The answer matters for trade policy, because the protection of at least some Geographical Indications has been a red line in recent trade negotiations. We use detailed export data for cheeses, covering the 2004 – 2019 period. The analysis uses the latest trade models that take into account the possibility of zero-trade ﬂ ows for certain goods. We ﬁ nd that legal protection of Geographical Indications in trade agreements does not generally lead to signi ﬁ cant additional exports above and beyond the general export-promoting effects of trade agreements. This ﬁ nding should limit international fears of protected Geographical Indications widely displacing comparable products made outside of the European Union. However,althoughthereis no signi ﬁ canteffectacrossthe board,moredetailedanalysesdo ﬁ nd signi ﬁ cant effects. In particular, Geographical Indications of higher quality and with higher market sharesdo bene ﬁ t fromstronger external legal protection. Basedon these ﬁ ndings, the European Union may want to refocus its demands for protection of Geographical Indications during trade negotiations.
Impact of the 2009 major stratospheric sudden warming on the composition of the stratosphere

This paper presents a detailed analysis of transport during the 2009 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) using the CLaMS Lagrangian transport model and MLS trace gas data. The detailed analysis of transport is presented primarily by discussing correlations between O3 and N2O. This work, and the conclusions drawn from it, is very interesting, presenting a new view of transport during an SSW; the work it decribes is appropriate for and should be of substantial interest to the readership of ACP. However, substantial revisions are needed before it is suitable for final publication.
Microscopic and molecular detection of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the southwest Aegean region

Dunya’nin pek cok yerinde hayvansal uretim faaliyeti olarak yapilan aricilik, basta bal uretimi olmak uzere bal mumu, ari zehri, propolis, ari sutu gibi ari urunleri ile de dunya ticaret pazarinda oldukca genis bir yere sahiptir. Ancak, ariciliktan elde edilecek verimi kisitlayan bal arisi hastaliklari oldukca yayginlasmis durumdadir. Bu hastaliklarin en onemlilerinden biri olan Nosema, bal arisinin bagirsak epitelyum hucrelerinde sporlarin neden oldugu hastaliktir. Ulkemizde de yaygin bulunan bu hastaligin etmeni olarak Nosema apis ve Nosema ceranae gosterilmektedir. Bu iki tur birbirlerinden en iyi sekilde molekuler tani yontemleri ile ayirt edilebilmektedir. Bu calismada, Mugla ilinin 13 farkli lokasyonunda bulunan 152 ariliktan ve bu ariliklara yakin 62 su kaynagindan alinan orneklerde Nosema sporlari isik mikroskobu altinda Thoma lami kullanilarak spor sayimi yapilmistir. Nosema sporu gozlemlenen orneklerden DNA izolasyonlari gerceklestirilmistir. Nosema tur taramasi icin 218MITOC FOR- REV ve 321APIS FOR-REV primerleri kullanilarak ilgili gen bolgeleri cogaltilmistir. Yapilan network analizinde bu gen bolgelerine gore ilk kez 3 haplotipi belirlenmistir. Mugla yoresinde Nosema hastaligi yayginligi %71,53±6,02 oraninda tespit edilmis ve hastalik etmeni olarak sadece N. ceranae’nin varligi belirlenmistir. Ayrica, blast analizi, daha once Lubnan, Fransa, Fas ve Tayland ulkelerinden bildirilen N. ceranae ornekleri ile yuksek benzerlik (%94-100) tespit edilmistir.
The (lack of) relationship between secondary science teachers’ self-efficacy for culturally responsive instruction and their observed practices

ABSTRACT There has long existed the argument that science teachers' self-efficacy directly correlates with instruction. Regarding self-efficacy for culturally responsive instruction (CRI), a promising equitable education approach, it is posited that lack of CRI exposure in coursework contributes to low self-efficacy and poor implementation. Yet, research has illuminated instances in which self-efficacy does not relate to performance, thus leading to uncertainty about the importance of cultivating teachers' self-efficacy for CRI. This explanatory sequential mixed methods study compared longitudinal data of 19 US secondary science teachers' self-efficacy for CRI with observed practices. Participants completed a graduate-level induction programme on culturally responsive and reflective science instruction at time of study. Data were collected in the form of self-assessments, video recordings of classroom practices, and semi-structured interviews. Results showed science teachers' self-efficacy for CRI was high and remained stable throughout the programme. When comparing CRI self-efficacy to observed instruction, science teachers scored themselves higher than did researchers. This discordance was significant and did not resolve during the programme, except sociopolitical consciousness-raising instruction. Interviews were explored to determine potential sources of discordance. These included forcible disincentives and misjudgment of CRI capability as being inconsequential. Implications for culturally responsive science teacher preparation are discussed.
Two physical educators’ sense of purpose as an indicator of teaching sustainability over time in a high-poverty school setting

Physical education teachers with a strong sense of purpose are more resilient and maintain high-level performance over time. Therefore, this longitudinal, mixed-methods exploratory case study describes how two teachers’ (Gary and Wayne) sense of purpose in life and well-being has influenced their intent to remain teaching in high-poverty schools. This inquiry followed the two participants over four consecutive school years (2015–2019) and included eight formal interviews with Gary and Wayne, two administrations of the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale questionnaire, and one administration of the Teaching Sustainability Questionnaire over the four-year project. Gary’s and Wayne’s strong purpose in life contained central values that led to their intention to remain teaching in their high-poverty school context. This strong sense of purpose stemmed from their perceived internalized and externalized support associated with life experiences, familial influence, and the school environments where they worked. Gary’s and Wayne’s sense of purpose appeared to have a direct effect on their intention to remain teaching in the high-poverty schools where they were employed. Identifying a teacher’s sense of purpose and the extent to which it aligns with a specific school district’s mission/vision may be an important factor in recruiting and retaining teachers in high-poverty environments.
Wood–cement boards with addition of coconut husk

ABSTRACT The present work evaluates the production of wood–cement particleboards (WCBs) with addition of coconut-husk fibers. Trees of a Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrid were used as wood source. Boards were produced with addition of five coconut-fiber levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) to replace the original wood, in a completely randomized design. From each board, specimens were taken to perform physical–mechanical tests (density, water absorption, thickness swelling, static bending, compression strength, and internal bond strength). The chemical characterization of the coconut fiber – in particular the total amount of extractives – in cold and hot water and an organic solvent, along with determination of lignin, holocellulose and ash amounts. The results showed that the addition of coconut fibers significantly affected the physical–mechanical properties of the boards. For the physical properties, the addition of coconut fibers improved the dimensional stability with the respective decrease in water absorption and thickness swelling. For mechanical properties, a decrease in the MOR and MOE was observed as the percentage of coconut fibers increased, most likely due to a poor interaction between the particles and the cementitious matrix. The resulting WCBs were suitable for nonstructural and indoor uses.
The Effect Of Addition Of Limestone Powder And Gypsum As Isolator Media On Low Carbon Steel SMAW Welding

Metal connection due to heat with or without the influence of pressure or metallurgical bonds caused by attractive forces between atoms. DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen) state that metallurgical bonding of metal or guide metal joints in a melted or liquid state. This study aims to determine the effect of limestone powder and gypsum as an insulating medium in SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding) welding. This study using experimental methods with SMAW welding. Welding metal cooled with limestone media has a harder hardness than gypsum and air media, which is limestone has a thermal conductivity value of 3.897 W / mºC. In comparison, gypsum has a thermal conductivity value of 1.39 W/mºC, and air has a thermal conductivity value of 0.023 J/msºC, so limestone is a better insulator than gypsum and air. The greater the conductivity value of the object, the better the thermal conductivity of the metal and the more complicated the weld metal and the lower the thermal conductivity value, the softer the metal hardness, limestone has a thermal conductivity value of 3.897 W / mºC while gypsum has a thermal conductivity value of 1, 39 W / mºC and air have a thermal conductivity value of 0.023 J / msºC, proving that the lower the conductivity value, the hardness of the weld metal is getting softer, but in the HAZ section it proves that the lower the conductivity value, the more complex the hardness in the HAZ section.
Fear of Falling and Social Participation in the Elderlies in Mobarakeh, Isfahan Province, Iran

1. Department of Aging Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 3. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 5. Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Cold Ionospheric Ions in the Magnetosphere

Cold (eV) ions of ionospheric origin are a major source of magnetospheric plasma. These ions dominate the number density for most of the volume of the magnetosphere, most of the time. This affects large-scale physics, including plasma temperature and pressure (and thus instability thresholds) and the Alfvén velocity (and thus energy transport with waves and the magnetic reconnection rate). This also affects small-scale kinetic plasma physics, including wave generation and the Hall physics of reconnection. Ions escaping from the ionosphere also represent a significant fraction of the mass outflow from planet Earth.
Identification of Throat Cancer by Machine Learning : A Surey

Medical applications in Machine Learning (ML) algorithms is well-being state on analyzing the different attributes that have a high impact on getting illness. Cancer is one amoungof the human disease where researchers are still struggling for the complete cureness and it is also unpredictable. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease and its treatment varies from one type to another and can inculcate different phases. Throat cancer is a tumor that spreads throughout the voice box (larynx), tonsils, or throat (pharynx). In the initial stage, it is actively recommended to diagnose throat cancer and get proper medication. Deep Learning (DL) image processing techniques and ML techniques are used to effectively predict the throat cancer specifically for the supervised learning classification algorithms. This paper reviewed theML and DLbased researchactivities undertaken to classify cancer of the throat cancer.
Price Synchronicity, Inter-Firm Networks, and Business Groups in the Middle East and North Africa

Business groups are an essential part of the political economy of almost all capitalist countries. Although they have been intensely studied in regions like Latin America and East Asia, the study of business groups in the Middle East and North Africa is relatively less developed. This study presents evidence for the value-relevance, which is measured in terms of over-time correlations of stock returns, of family business groups, government ownership, and other inter-firm relationships among 1185 publicly traded firms in 11 countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Due to the difficulty in obtaining direct observations of business group membership, business groups are inferred with methods from network analysis. More specifically, I use a community-detection algorithm to look for clusters of different types of relationships. Next, I apply a Bayesian multilevel model to estimate the associations between group comembership (as well as other relationships), and pairwise stock returns correlations. Seven exchanges in the sample show evidence in favor of the value-relevance of inferred family business groups while six show additional correlations due to government ownership beyond that associated with co-ownership more generally.
Effect of the Altitudinal Gradient on the Structure and Diversity of the Tree Component in Monte Unango

The study was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of the altitudinal gradient on the structure and diversity of the tree community on Mount Unango, for this, where 3 strata were allocated with 25 plots each, all with 100m². After its development, it was found in strata1, 2 and 3, a total of 1919 tree individuals distributed in 33 species, 25 genera, and 16 botanical families. The families best represented in number of species were: Fabaceae, and Caesalpinaceae. The species Catunaregam obovata, Piliostigma thonningii, Syzygium guineense, Parinari curatellifolia, Cussonia arborea and Annona senegalensis were present in all altimetric strata at Unango Mount. The diversity was: 1,9, 2,6, and 1.8 respectively for strata 1, 2 and 3. Analytically there was a high similarity between the strata 1 and 2 studied with 50% in the Jaccard index (9 species in common), and lower similarity between strata 1 and 3 (1 species in common) with 25% of the index. The gradient studied presents a peak of diversity and richness at intermediate altitudes. And there was an abrupt transition in terms of the composition in the upper stratus (1040m), which presents most of its floristic composition with characteristics of the high mountain ecosystems.
The Role of Historical Context in Understanding Past Climate, Pollution and Health Data in Trans‐disciplinary Studies: Reply to Comments on More et al., 2017

Understanding the context from which evidence emerges is of paramount importance in reaching robust conclusions in scientific inquiries. This is as true of the present as it is of the past. In a trans‐disciplinary study such as More et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GH000064) and many others appearing in this and similar journals, a proper analysis of context demands the use of historical evidence. This includes demographic, epidemiological, and socio‐economic data—common in many studies of the impact of anthropogenic pollution on human health—and, as in this specific case, also geoarchaeological evidence. These records anchor climate and pollution data in the geographic and human circumstances of history, without which we lose a fundamental understanding of the data itself. This article addresses Hinkley (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GH000105) by highlighting the importance of context, focusing on the historical and archaeological evidence, and then discussing atmospheric deposition and circulation in the specific region of our study. Since many of the assertions in Bindler (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GH000135) are congruent with our findings and directly contradict Hinkley (2018), this reply refers to Bindler (2018), whenever appropriate, and indicates where our evidence diverges.
Theorizing inconsistent media selection in the digital environment

Abstract Choice inconsistency has long been studied in behavioral economics. In this article we critically review theories of media choice, showing that they have not explicitly dealt with this phenomenon. Although digitalization has recently made it more salient, the communication literature on inconsistent choice still remains highly fragmented. We draw on behavioral economics literature to address blind spots in our theorization of inconsistent media selection.
Computational mechanisms for context-based behavioral interventions: A large-scale analysis

Significance A large body of research in the social and behavioral sciences studies the impact of behavioral interventions (or “nudges”) on decisions. Although this work has been extremely influential, we currently lack an overarching theoretical framework for behavioral interventions that provides a systematic account of their behavioral consequences, cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms, and statistical interpretations. In this paper, we propose such a theoretical framework using the diffusion decision model, a quantitative theory of decision-making whose parameters offer a theoretically compelling characterization of choice underpinnings. Our results not only reveal insights about how context-based interventions alter behavior but also offer practitioners a model-based method for choosing between behavioral interventions based on different goals.
Potential of sawdust materials for the removal of dyes and heavy metals: examination of isotherms and kinetics

AbstractSawdust is abundantly available from the timber and forest industry and has been studied in recent past as an adsorbent. This paper reviews the reported work on the uptake of dyes and heavy metals by natural and modified sawdust during the last 10 years. Research works examine the performance of isotherm models against the experimental equilibrium data, and an attempt has been made to discuss the kinetics of adsorption of metal ions and dyes on various sawdust materials on the basis of published report. Regeneration of sawdust materials has also been reviewed. It is found that pine, beech and mansonia sawdust are the most extensively studied adsorbents, whereas Pb2+ and methylene blue are the most efficiently removed pollutants, the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms provide the best fit in most of the cases, and in general, pseudo-second-order kinetics is followed. There are very limited column studies and no report on commercial plant. Sawdust has a great potential in the wastewater tr.