Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can the dark energy equation - of - state parameter w be less than -1?

Models of dark energy are conveniently characterized by the equation-of-state parameter $w=p/\ensuremath{\rho},$ where $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is the energy density and p is the pressure. Imposing the dominant energy condition, which guarantees stability of the theory, implies that $wg~\ensuremath{-}1. $ Nevertheless, it is conceivable that a well-defined model could (perhaps temporarily) have $wl\ensuremath{-}1 ,$ and indeed such models have been proposed. We study the stability of dynamical models exhibiting $wl\ensuremath{-}1$ by virtue of a negative kinetic term. Although naively unstable, we explore the possibility that these models might be phenomenologically viable if thought of as effective field theories valid only up to a certain momentum cutoff. Under our most optimistic assumptions, we argue that the instability time scale can be greater than the age of the universe, but only if the cutoff is at or below ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{eV}. $ We conclude that it is difficult, although not necessarily impossible, to construct viable models of dark energy with $wl\ensuremath{-}1;$ observers should keep an open mind, but the burden is on theorists to demonstrate that any proposed new models are not ruled out by rapid vacuum decay.
Advanced Environmentally Resistant Lithium Fluoride Mirror Coatings for the Next-Generation of Broadband Space Observatories

Recent advances in the physical vapor deposition (PVD) of protective fluoride films have raised the far-ultraviolet (FUV: 912-1600 {\AA}) reflectivity of aluminum-based mirrors closer to the theoretical limit. The greatest gains, at more than 20%, have come for lithium fluoride-protected aluminum, which has the shortest wavelength cutoff of any conventional overcoat. Despite the success of the NASA FUSE mission, the use of lithium fluoride (LiF)-based optics is rare, as LiF is hygroscopic and requires handling procedures that can drive risk. With NASA now studying two large mission concepts for astronomy, Large UV-Optical-IR Surveyor (LUVOIR) and the Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx), which mandate throughput down to 1000 {\AA}, the development of LiF-based coatings becomes crucial. This paper discusses steps that are being taken to qualify these new enhanced LiF-protected aluminum (eLiF) mirror coatings for flight. In addition to quantifying the hygroscopic degradation, we have developed a new method of protecting eLiF with an ultrathin (10-20 {\AA}) capping layer of a non-hygroscopic material to increase durability. We report on the performance of eLiF-based optics and assess the steps that need to be taken to qualify such coatings for LUVOIR, HabEx, and other FUV-sensitive space missions.
Social Media Marketing’s Effectiveness on Purchase Intention Mediated by Brand Image and Trust

Background: Marketing has created a potential industry in the fisheries sector. It has gotten within the realm of digital marketing, among others. Currently, social media is used for advertising fishery products online (Social media marketing). Aim: This study aims to ascertain how social media marketing initiatives affect brand image, consumer trust, and intention purchasing items. Method: Explanatory quantitative research is used in this study. The whole fishery e-commerce customer base that has followed fisheries' Instagram profiles makes up the population of this study. Due to rounding from 398, the samples for this study contained 398 respondents. The major data for this study came from the findings of the questionnaire distribution. The secondary data, however, was gathered through books, the internet, literature, and periodicals. Findings: To improve consumers' intention in purchasing products, businesses must focus on social media marketing initiatives, brand perception, and consumer confidence in Fisheries E-Commerce in Jakarta.
Growth and actual leaf temperature modulate CO2 responsiveness of monoterpene emissions from holm oak in opposite ways

Abstract. Climate change can profoundly alter volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from vegetation and thus influence climate evolution. Yet, the short- and long-term effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on emissions in interaction with temperature are not well enough understood, especially for VOCs other than isoprene. To gain additional insight, we conducted a study on holm oak, which is known for its strong foliar monoterpene emissions that are directly linked to their synthesis. We measured CO2-response curves of emissions, CO2–H2O gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence at two assay temperatures (30 and 35 ∘C) on saplings of four populations grown under normal and double CO2 concentrations combined with two temperature growth regimes differing by 5 ∘C (day/night: 25/15 and 30/20 ∘C). A stepwise reduction in CO2 resulted in a decrease in emissions, occasionally preceded by an increase, with the overall decrease in emissions being greater at 35 ∘C than at 30 ∘C assay temperature. During ramping to high CO2, emissions remained mostly unchanged at 35 ∘C, whereas at 30 ∘C they often dropped, especially at the highest CO2 levels (≥ 1200 ppm). In addition to the actual leaf temperature, the high CO2 responsiveness of emissions was modulated by the plant's growth temperature with warm-grown plants being more sensitive than cool-grown plants. In contrast, growth CO2 had no significant effect on the CO2 sensitivity of emissions, although it promoted plant growth and the leaf emission factor. Correlation analyses suggest that the emission response to CO2 depended primarily on the availability of energetic cofactors produced by photosynthetic electron transport. This availability was likely limited by different processes that occurred during CO2 ramping including photooxidative stress and induction of protective and repair mechanisms as well as competition with CO2 fixation and photorespiration. In addition, feedback inhibition of photosynthesis may have played a role, especially in leaves whose emissions were inhibited only at very high CO2 levels. Overall, our results confirm an isoprene-analogous behavior of monoterpene emissions from holm oak. Emissions exhibit a non-linear response curve to CO2 similar to that currently used for isoprene emission in the MEGAN model, with no difference between major individual monoterpene species and plant chemotype. Simulations estimating the annual VOC releases from holm oak leaves at double atmospheric CO2 indicate that the observed high-CO2 inhibition is unlikely to offset the increase in emissions due to the predicted warming.
On the relevance of Reynolds stresses in resolvent analyses of turbulent wall-bounded flows

The ability of linear stochastic response analysis to estimate coherent motions is investigated in turbulent channel flow at the friction Reynolds number $\text{Re}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=1007$ . The analysis is performed for spatial scales characteristic of buffer-layer and large-scale motions by separating the contributions of different temporal frequencies. Good agreement between the measured spatio-temporal power spectral densities and those estimated by means of the resolvent is found when the effect of turbulent Reynolds stresses, modelled with an eddy-viscosity associated with the turbulent mean flow, is included in the resolvent operator. The agreement is further improved when the flat forcing power spectrum (white noise) is replaced with a power spectrum matching the measures. Such a good agreement is not observed when the eddy-viscosity terms are not included in the resolvent operator. In this case, the estimation based on the resolvent is unable to select the right peak frequency and wall-normal location of buffer-layer motions. Similar results are found when comparing truncated expansions of measured streamwise velocity power spectral densities based on a spectral proper orthogonal decomposition to those obtained with optimal resolvent modes.
Magnetic Properties of Layer-Type Compounds TlGdS_{2} and TlGdSe_{2}

Ternary thallinm lanthanide dichalcogenides TILnX2 (X = S, Se, or Te; Ln = lanthanide, except Ce and Pr) crystallize in the rhombohedral structure of α-NaFeO 2 type (R3m). Their crystal lattice consists of the layers of Ln 3 + ions separated by three layers of the non-magnetic ions (-Ln-X-Tl-X-Ln-). The magnetization was measured in the field range 0-14 T. The molecular field constants λm were estimated by fitting the Brillouin function to the experimental magnetization plots. The difference between the λ m values for the thallium gadolinium sulphide and the selenide corresponds to the different character of Gd-S and Gd—Se bonds and gives rise to the different J 1 and J2 exchange integrals.
Reactogenicity and Humoral Immune Response after Heterologous Vaxzevria/Comirnaty Vaccination in a Group of Individuals Vaccinated in the AOU Policlinic “G. Martino” (Messina, Italy): A Retrospective Cohort Study

On 11 June 2021, the Italian Ministry of Health authorized the heterologous vaccination schedule. The goals of our retrospective study were to (a) evaluate the undesirable effects after the administration of Vaxzevria and Comirnaty vaccines; (b) evaluate the antibody response after 28 days from the administration of the second dose; and (c) compare the antibody responses after the homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens. The undesirable effects were collected using a survey; IgG Spike was quantified using the electrochemiluminescence method; the comparison between the antibody responses was carried out using the sample of a homologous vaccine schedule previously analyzed. Pain at the injection site is the most common undesirable effect after the administration of both vaccines (62.1% after Vaxzevria vs. 82.75% after Comirnaty); swelling at the injection site is more frequent after the administration of Vaxzevria than after the administration of Comirnaty: (15.52% vs. 5.17%); headache is more frequent in women than in men for both the vaccination types (p < 0.05); 49.09% of the sample reported IgG Spike ≥ 12,500 U/mL; the antibody titer of the heterologous schedule is higher than that of the homologous vaccination. Our study demonstrated that the undesirable effects after the administration of the second dose are less frequent and less severe than after the administration of the first dose, and that the immunogenicity of the heterologous vaccinations is higher than that of the homologous ones.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMIC AS A BIOLOGY LEARNING MEDIA

This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of digital comic-based learning media and to examine its effect on student’s learning outcome in cell material. Learning media was developed according to the 4D development model of Thiagarajan which consisted of four stages, namely define, design, develop and disseminate. Media was validated by contentl expert, media expert, and learning expert. The suggestion from biology teacher and students of class XI MIA 2 SMA Negeri 2 Percut Sei Tuan were asked. The data of study were obtained through validation instruments, questionnaires, and cognitive test. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The result of the study showed that the developed comic media was considered very feasible by material expert (94,38%), media expert (89,34%), and learning expert (96,00%). Comic was considered very feasible too both by biology teachers (93.22%) and by students (92.38%). The results of the paired sample t-test on the pre-test and post-test score of 0.00 > 0.05 indicate that the post-test score is bigger than the pre-test score. The data showed that the result of cognitive test had increased significantly after using the developed digital comic media.
Phenotypic Diversity of Seminal Root Traits in Bread Wheat Germplasm from Different Origins

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop, and more adapted varieties are needed to ensure productivity under unpredictable stress scenarios resulting from climate changes. In the development of new genotypes, root system traits are essential since roots have a key function in water and nutrient uptake, and root architecture determines the plant’s ability to spatially explore the soil resources. Genetic variation in wheat root system may be assessed at the early stages of development. This study evaluates in vitro and at the seedling stage, the genetic diversity of root growth angle (RGA), seminal root number (SRN), and radicle length (RadL) in 30 bread wheat genotypes from different origins and belonging to distinct evolutive or breeding groups. SRN and RadL were analyzed at 1, 2, 3 and 6 days after sowing (DAS) and RGA was measured through the angle between the first pair of seminal roots. A large variability was found in RGA values that ranged from 63° to 122°. Although differences were found between genotypes within the same groups, the narrower angles tended to occur among landraces, while the higher RGA values were observed in advanced lines and Australian varieties. Differences were also observed as regards the SRN (1.0–3.0, 2.7–4.7, 3.2–5.0 and 4.4–6.3 at 1, 2, 3 and 6 DAS, respectively) and RadL (0.1–1.5, 2.1–5.0, 4.0–7.5 and 5.1–13.7 cm at 1, 2, 3 and 6 DAS, respectively). Genetic variability in root traits at seedling stage allows more rapid selection of genotypes better adapted to environmental and soil constraints, necessary to Portuguese Wheat Breeding Program. It will also contribute to the definition of wheat ideotypes with improved performance under Mediterranean climate conditions.
Numerical Modeling and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for Understanding Scale-Dependent Topographic Effects Governing Anisotropic Reflectance Correction of Satellite Imagery

Anisotropic reflectance correction (ARC) of satellite imagery is required to remove multi-scale topographic effects in imagery. Commonly utilized ARC approaches have not effectively accounted for atmosphere-topographic coupling. Furthermore, it is not clear which topographic effects need to be formally accounted for. Consequently, we simulate the direct and diffuse-skylight irradiance components and formally account for multi-scale topographic effects. A sensitivity analysis was used to determine if characterization schemes can account for a collective treatment of effects, using our parameterization scheme as a basis for comparison. We found that commonly used assumptions could not account for topographic modulation in our simulations. We also found that the use of isotropic diffuse irradiance and a topographic shielding parameter also failed to characterize topographic modulation. Our results reveal that topographic effects govern irradiance variations in a synergistic way, and that issues of ARC need to be formally addressed given atmosphere-topography coupling. Collectively, our results suggest that empirical ARC methods cannot be used to effectively address topographic effects, given inadequate parameterization schemes. Characterizing and removing spectral variation from multispectral imagery will most likely require numerical modeling efforts. More research is warranted to develop/evaluate parameterization schemes that better characterize the anisotropic nature of atmosphere-topography coupling.
Detailed Solar System dynamics as a probe of the Dark Matter hypothesis

Within the dark matter paradigm, explaining observed orbital dynamics at galactic level through the inclusion of a dominant dark halo, implies also the necessary appearance of dynamical friction effects. Satellite galaxies, globular clusters and even stars orbiting within these galactic halos, will perturb the equilibrium orbits of dark matter particles encountered, to produce a resulting trailing wake of slightly enhanced dark matter density associated with any perturber in the halo. The principal effect of this gravitational interaction between an orbiting body and the dark matter particles composing it, is the appearance of a frictional drag force slowly removing energy and angular momentum from the perturber. Whilst this effect might be relevant to help bring about the actual merger of the components of interacting forming galaxies, at smaller stellar scales, it becomes negligible. However, the trailing wake will still be present. In this letter I show that the corresponding dark matter wake associated to the Sun, will constitute a small but resonant perturbation on solar system dynamics which can be ruled out, as current laser and radio ranging measurements are now over an order of magnitude more precise than the amplitude of the orbital perturbations which said wake implies. The absence of any such detection implies the nonexistence of the dynamical friction trailing wake on the sun, which in turn strongly disfavours dark matter as an explanation for the observed gravitational anomalies at galactic scales.
Preserving Qur’an Through Blind Eyes: Self-Regulation of Blind People in Memorizing the Qur’an

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the self-regulation of blind people in memorizing the Qur’an. Eight blind Qur’an memorizers were interviewed about the internal motivation of Qur’an memorization, self-regulation, and Qur’an memorization with vision impairment. The research was conducted using a phenomenological approach on exploration of the lived experience of eight blind memorizers, who were selected using purposive and snowball techniques. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by Moustakas’ phenomenological method. The findings revealed that (1) gratitude was the main factor in regulating the rest of the metacognitive process among the blind memorizers, (2) the motivation to benefit for others served as a metacognitive purpose for the blind memorizers, (3) memorization strategies including the repetitive listening at a specific time and place were used in improving and maintaining the memorization, and (4) the belief in not to see and commit sins through eyes enabled the blind memorizers to maintain the purity of heart and made it easier for them to memorize the Qur’an. Informants described two spiritual meanings of the self-regulation within themes of gratitude and maintenance of heart purity associated with the Qur’an memorization. Gratitude is associated with the self-efficacy in the motivational dimension, whereas the reflective aspect of heart purity due to being blind is related to the metacognitive component of self-regulation. The findings provided new knowledge and understanding of blind individuals’ experiences in the self-regulation and memorization of the Qur’an.
Biological Resolution of Virulence Genes of Salmonella Species from different Microbiomes

The pathogenic promiscuity of virulence associated macromolecules in Salmonella infection is a key driver to their wide epidemiology and curtailing such distribution is contingent upon proper clarification of these virulence genes. This study was therefore aimed at determining the virulence genes of Salmonella species from different microbiomes. To achieve this, a total of three hundred (300) biological specimens were aseptically collected and processed for Salmonella presence using the BAM USFDA technique prior to their genotypic characterization while virulence gene detection was carried out in a primer specific polymerase chain reaction. Results obtained depict the distribution of the following Salmonella species viz; Salmonella gallinarum 19(26.39%), Salmonella heidelberg 19(26.39%), Salmonella enteritidis 18(25%) and Salmonella typhimurium 16(22.22%) while the occurrence of the virulence genes (InvA, SopE, AgfA and SpvC) were Salmonella enteritidis ( 7(38.8), 6(33.3), 9(50), 3(16.7), Salmonella typhimurium ( 5(26.3), 3(15.8), 2(10.5), 7(36.8)), Salmonella heidelberg (0(0), 8(50), 4(25), 4(25), and Salmonella gallinarum (12(63.2), 6(31.6), 2(10.5), 7(36.8)) respectively. It was however found that the different microbiomes analyzed were ubiquitously rich in virulence genes associated Salmonella species. La promiscuité pathogène des macromolécules associées à la virulence dans l’infection à Salmonella est un facteur clé de leur large épidémiologie et la réduction de cette distribution dépend de la clarification appropriée de ces gènes de virulence. Cette étude visait donc à déterminer les gènes de virulence des espèces de Salmonella de différents microbiomes. Pour ce faire, un total de trois cents (300) échantillons biologiques ont été collectés et traités de manière aseptique pour la présence de Salmonella à l’aide de la technique BAM USFDA avant leur caractérisation génotypique tandis que la détection du gène de virulence a été effectuée dans une réaction en chaîne par polymérase spécifique à l’amorce. Les résultats obtenus décrivent la distribution des espèces de Salmonella suivantes, à savoir ; Salmonella gallinarum 19(26,39%), Salmonella heidelberg 19(26,39%), Salmonella enteritidis 18(25%) et Salmonella typhimurium 16(22,22%) alors que la présence des gènes de virulence (InvA, SopE, AgfA et SpvC) était Salmonella enteritidis ( 7(38,8), 6(33,3), 9(50), 3(16,7), Salmonella typhimurium ( 5(26,3), 3(15,8), 2(10,5), 7(36,8)), Salmonella heidelberg (0( 0), 8(50), 4(25), 4(25) et Salmonella gallinarum (12(63.2), 6(31.6), 2(10.5), 7(36.8)) respectivement. différents microbiomes analysés étaient ubiquitairement riches en gènes de virulence associés aux espèces de Salmonella
Local Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Properties in a Volume-Limited Sample of Main Galaxies

Using a volume-limited sample of Main Galaxies from SDSS Data Release 5, we investigate the dependence of galaxy properties on local environment. For each galaxy, a local three-dimensional density is calculated. We find that the galaxy morphological type depends strongly on the local environment: galaxies in dense environments have predominantly early type morphologies. Galaxy colors have only a weak dependence on the environment. This puts an important constraint on the process of galaxy formation.
Liver Fetuin-A at Initiation of Insulin Resistance

Hepatokines (liver secreted proteins with possible distant action) are emerging potential players in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Here, we explored the effect of a high-fat diet on the expression of fetuin-A, one of those candidate liver proteins, and its relationship with liver macrophage activation. Mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet for 3 days, known to initiate steatosis and liver insulin resistance. A preventive liver macrophage depletion was obtained by intravenous injection of clodronate-loaded liposomes. The mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A was evaluated by qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence on different insulin-sensitive tissues (liver, adipose tissue, and muscle). Short-term high-fat diet-induced steatosis, liver macrophage activation, and hepatic insulin resistance together with a significantly increased expression of liver AHSG (α2-HS glycoprotein/fetuin-A) mRNA and serum fetuin-A concentration. On immunofluorescence, fetuin-A was mostly expressed in centrilobular hepatocytes. This increase in fetuin-A under high-fat diet was not evidenced in other peripheral insulin-sensitive tissues (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue). The mRNA expression of α2-HS glycoprotein was 800 times higher within the liver compared with the adipose tissue or the muscle. Liver macrophage depletion that significantly ameliorated insulin sensitivity was associated with a significant decrease in α2-HS glycoprotein mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated liver fetuin-A overexpression at the initiation of high-fat diet feeding, concurrent with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Targeting liver macrophages in this setting reduced liver α2-HS glycoprotein expression suggesting that fetuin-A acts as an hepatokine with proinsulin resistance effects.