Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyse des paramètres morphologiques et physiologiques lors de la préparation à la migration de dévalaison chez l'anguille européenne (Anguilla anguilla) du lac de Grand-Lieu (Loire-Atlantique)

L'objectif de cette etude a ete de decrire de facon precise les differents stades d'anguilles (Anguilla anguilla) avant leur migration d'avalaison de maniere a visualiser la succession des changements au cours de la transition anguille juarre- anguille argentee. Des mesures ont ete effectuees sur 305 anguilles provenant du Lac de Grand-Lieu (Loire-Atlantique). Afin d'evaluer le degre de metamorphose des anguilles, nous avons mesure les poids des gonades, de l'intestin et du foie ainsi que la teneur en GtH (hormone gonadotrope). Une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) a ete effectuee sur les anguilles pour lesquelles nous disposions des quatre parametres physiologiques. Trois groupes ont ete identifies: le premier, constitue par des individus mâles argentes et intermediaires, le deuxieme par des femelles argentees et intermediaires, et le troisieme par des anguilles jaunes et intermediaires. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons calcule les fonctions discriminantes permettant de replacer ces individus dans leur groupe respectif uniquement a partir des parametres morphologiques. Ainsi 94% des anguilles ont pu etre correctement reclassees. Les fonctions discriminantes ont ensuite ete appliquees a la totalite de l'echantillon. Ce classement a ete compare aux donnees initiales, ce qui nous a permis de caracteriser quatre stades differents et ainsi d'etablir une chronologie des modifications pendant la premiere partie de la metamorphose.
Comparative analysis of cytological abnormalities induced in Vicia faba L. genotypes using physical and chemical mutagenesis

Chromosomal aberration assessment is an important index in mutation breeding for determining the mutagen potency, which helps to deduce an optimum level of mutagen dose tolerable by the species. The current experiment was carried out to study the comparative account of different concentrations of EMS (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.04%), gamma rays (100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 400Gy) and their combinations (100 Gy + 0.01% EMS, 200 Gy + 0.02% EMS, 300 Gy + 0.03% EMS and 400 Gy + 0.04% EMS) on induced chromosomal aberrations in two varieties of Vicia faba L. viz; PRT-12 and vikrant. The control plants showed normal meiosis while the treated plants showed considerable meiotic anomaly. Percent frequency assessment showed dose dependent increase in aberrations. The different abnormalities observed were laggards, bridges, stickiness, micronuclei, disturbed polarity, cytomixis etc. Seeds treated with combination treatments showed more cytological aberrations then individual treatments of both gamma and EMS doses. The order of the most signifi cant dose from each treatment conditions (physical, chemical and combination) were 300 Gy + 0.03% EMS > 400 Gy > 0.04% EMS for var. vikrant and 400 Gy + 0.04% EMS > 0.04% EMS > 400 Gy for var. PRT-12. The comparative analysis showed higher sensitivity of variety vikrant towards the doses of mutagen used than variety PRT-12 at same dose.
COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF AUXIN AND ITS PRE- CURSOR APPLIED THROUGH COMPOST FOR IMPROVING GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE

In the present study compost was prepared from waste fruit and vegetables and enriched with 25% (44 kg ha -1 ) of full dose (175 kg ha -1 ) of N fertilizer for maize. Pure auxin, indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) and L-TRP (precursor) were blended with respective batches @ 10 mg kg -1 compost for the value addition of N-enriched compost (NEC). Comparative effectiveness of IAA or L-TRP-blended NEC was studied, in the presence or absence of 50% (88 kg N ha -1 ) of full dose of N fertilizer, through pot and field trials. Compost was applied @ 300 kg ha -1 . Results indicated that IAAblended NEC supplemented with half dose of N fertilizer was as effective as NEC in improving growth and yield of maize. However, precursor (L-TRP)-blended NEC was found better than pure auxin (IAA)-blended, when both were compared with NEC. It significantly improved growth, yield and nutrient uptakes (up to 8.4, 8.6 and 11% respectively) of maize over NEC in the presence of 88 kg N ha -1 . The technology bears its promise not only to improve crop yield on sustainable basis but also reduce huge piles of organic wastes causing environmental pollution.
Contribution à la caractérisation de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans les hypogonadismes hypogonadotropes : caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires

Les hypogonadismes hypogonadotropes congenitaux (CHH) sont des maladies hereditaires caracterisees par un deficit de secretion des gonadotrophines par l’hypophyse, a l’origine d’une infertilite ou d’une absence complete de puberte. On distingue les formes isolees avec olfaction normale (nCHH) et les formes syndromiques associant au deficit gonadotrope d’autres signes, tel qu’un defaut d’olfaction dans le cas du syndrome de Kallmann (SK), la forme plus frequente de CHH. Les genes identifies dans le SK participent au developpement embryonnaire et les genes des nCHH sont impliques dans la regulation de la secretion de la GnRH ou de son action. A ce stade, deux populations de neurones hypothalamiques gonadotropes sont connues, le neurone a GnRH et le neurone KNDy, secretant les Kisspeptines et la Neurokinine B. On estimait que l’ensemble des genes identifies couvraient moins de 20% des etiologies genetiques. L’objectif de ce doctorat etait d’etudier prevalences et mecanismes physiopathologiques des genes connus et d’identifier de nouvelles etiologies genetiques de CHH. Dans la premiere partie, nous avons caracterise la fonctionnalite de tous les variants identifies sur les genes KISS1R, TACR3 et TAC3. Cela a permis de preciser les prevalences chez 600 patients, d’identifier un profil neuroendocrinien propre a l’alteration de la signalisation Neurokinine B et de demontrer l’implication des Kisspeptines au cours de la vie embryonnaire. Enfin, nous proposons un modele d’interaction entre le neurone a GnRH et le neurone KNDy. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons identifie deux nouveaux genes, SEMA3A dans une forme familiale de SK et PNPLA6 dans une forme familiale rare de CHH syndromique. En conclusion, notre connaissance accrue des formes genetiques de CHH, a permis de developper un panel d’exome cible dedie au diagnostic par sequencage nouvelle generation permettant l’analyse simultanee de genes candidats et de genes connus.
Recurrent mutation in the HMGCL gene in a family segregating HMG-CoA lyase deficiency

The gene HMGCL encodes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) lyase. Mutations in HMG-CoA lyase cause HMG-CoA lyase deficiency (HMGCLD), which is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder of metabolism. This study was designed to detect mutation in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCoA lyase (HMGCL) gene in a Saudi family segregating HMG-CoA lyase deficiency (HMGCLD). Methods: Clinical and molecular genetic analysis of a Saudi family with five individuals affected with HMGCLD was performed by GC-MS, tandem MS and sequencing. This study was conducted in the Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia from September 2015 to February 2016. Sanger sequencing of the entire coding region and the intron-exon junctions of the HMGCL gene identified a recurrent missense mutation in exon 2. This mutation (c.122G>A) causes a substitution of a highly conserved amino acid Arginine to a Glutamine residue at position 41 (p.Arg41Gln). This is the most frequent mutation found in the HMGCL gene in Saudi population and might have occurred due to a founder effect. Multiple in silico software predicted this mutation as disease-causing. Moreover, to determine the protein stability upon change in amino acid various tools including SDM, I-Mutant, mCSM and DUET were used and found that the mutation, identified in this family, is protein destabilizing. An extensive literature review was performed and all mutations reported to date in the HMGCL gene were identified and listed.
Oribates édaphiques du Brésil (V) oribates de l'état de São Paulo (deuxième partie)

Oribates edaphiques du Bresil (v) oribates de l etat de Sâo Paulo (deuxieme partie). - This paper is the second part of a series on the oribatid mites from Sao Paulo State, that is also the 5th one of a study about the soil oribatid fauna from Brazil, that we are carrying out. The following 15 species are recorded or described: Pheroliodes hammerae n. sp. , Eremulus brasilensis Perez-Iiiigo et Baggio, 1985, Eremobelba hamata Hammer, 1961, Eremobelba coronata n. sp. , Staurobates schusteri Grandjean, 1966, Heterobelba oxapampensis Beek, 1962, Xenillus hammerae J. and P. Balogh, 1985, Xenilloides aenigmaticus n. g. et n. sp. , Kalloia mahunkai n. · sp. , Tectocepheus americanus n. sp. , Tectocepheus depressus n. sp. , Pseudotoceplzeus septemtuberculatus Balogh et Mahunka, 1978, Dampfiella tupi n. sp. , ·Hydrozetes paulista n. sp. and Limnozetes similis n. sp .
Scenario of Genetic Selection and Its Impact on Bovine Mastitis

Ever since their original domestication, farm animals have been undergoing human managed selection. Originally, selection was limited to docility and manageability, but in the last few decades breeding programmes have focused on the genetic improvement of production traits, in terms of milk yield, growth rate etc. Genetic selection together with preventive health care, hygiene and veterinary treatment is the most important approved combat strategies against mastitis. The potentiality of genetic selection as a possible mode of resistance to mastitis is by the fact that the disease is in part genetically determined; although little information is known about the genes that transfer resistance. The importance of genetic selection for resistance to mastitis is exacerbated by the deteriorating genetic base for resistance to mastitis with intense selection for production traits, which is due to an unfavourable genetic correlation between milk yield and mastitis. Therefore there is need for accurate selection criteria in genetic selection for resistance to mastitis balanced against genetic improvement of other traits. The consequences of selection and breeding can be judged on the basis of its impacts on health and the welfare of individual offspring and future generations. Many genetic studies showed an unfavourable genetic correlation between milk yield and incidence of ketosis, lameness, metabolic stress, mastitis, reduces fertility and longevity. In this review we will discuss selection for high yield traits and their consequences; and need for formulating future breeding goals that include not only production traits but also traits concerning to fertility, longevity, animal welfare etc.
Genetic diversity and population structure of maize landraces from Côte d’Ivoire

Maize ( Zea mays L.) occupies an important place among food crops in Cote d’Ivoire. However, no study on the genetic diversity of the species has been performed to date. This study aims at analyzing the diversity and genetic structure of 35 maize accessions using 10 microsatellite markers. These accessions are from different agro-ecological zones representative of the Ivorian territory. The results showed that for all accessions studied, 47 alleles were detected, with an average of 6.71 ± 2.21 alleles per locus. The percentage of polymorphic loci and total genetic diversity, were 91.34% and 0.524 ± 0.159. A slight excess of heterozygotes was observed in the accessions (4.6%). The molecular analysis of variance showed that the total genetic diversity is mainly due to the intra-accession diversity (85.17%). The inter-accession diversity rate was estimated at 14.87%, which is in favor of moderate differentiation between the accessions. The Bayesian analysis grouped the accessions into two populations, regardless of geographical origin. These results provide basic information potentially useful in selection. The cross between two individuals from different groups might help exploit the phenomenon of heterosis. Key words: Ex situ conservation, Cote d’Ivoire, genetic diversity, maize, microsatellite marker.
Protective effects of l-carnitine upon toxicopathological alterations induced by ochratoxin A in white Leghorn cockerels

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of l-carnitine (LC) against ochratoxin A (OTA) induced toxicopathological alterations in white Leghorn cockerels. Parameters studied included behavioral parameters, mortality, feed intake, body weight gain, relative organ weights and histopathological alterations. Results suggested that OTA induced suppression in behavioral parameters, feed intake, body weight gain, relative organ weights and histopathological alterations were progressively improved when LC was given with 1 mg/kg OTA; however, this protection subsided when 2 mg/kg OTA was given with it. The optimum level of LC required to produce such mitigation at higher OTA levels is yet to be determined; however, the level used in this study is quite sufficient enough to ameliorate toxicopathological alterations induced by OTA up to 1 mg/kg feed.
Evaluating the vulnerability of an atypical protogynous hermaphrodite to fishery exploitation: results from a population model for black sea bass (Centropristis striata)

The views and opinions expressed or implied in this article are those of the author (or authors) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Abstract—Fish species that are protogynous hermaphrodites generally have sex ratios skewed toward males at large sizes. These skewed sex ratios at length can make a stock more vulnerable to overexploitation, particularly in fisheries where minimum size is regulated, resulting in the removal of reproductively active males. We developed a length-based population model to test the vulnerability to exploitation of a population with an atypical protogynous life history, in particular the northern stock of black sea bass (Centropristis striata). Black sea bass north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, are unusual for protogynous species in that they may undergo prematurational transformation, remain female at large sizes, involve secondary males in spawning, and undertake seasonal migrations. The model was developed to examine the impact of participation by secondary males in population productivity, the influence of size at sex transformation, and the subsequent robustness of the population under exploitation, in comparison with equivalent gonochoristic and typical protogynous populations. Although the model does not capture all the dynamics of a population, such as density-dependent regulation of sex transformation, our results indicate that the northern stock of black sea bass may be more resilient in response to exploitation than would be expected if they were typical protogynous hermaphrodites. The capacity of a fish population to persist under exploitation is highly dependent on the life history of a species and its ability to effectively reproduce. In gonochoristic species, individuals remain the same sex throughout their lives, generally ensuring a constant presence of both males and females capable of reproduction, even under relatively strong exploitation. In contrast, species with a hermaphroditic life history (either protogynous or protandrous) might not have an adequate abundance of sexually mature individuals across sizes and ages (Provost and Jensen1). In protogynous species, a common pathway for sex change involves individuals initially maturing and reproducing as female and then
Influence of competition on the response of bluebunch wheatgrass to clipping

Partial reduction of competition from surrounding vegetation more than doubled the total herbage and tripled the number of flower stalks produced the following year by bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum). Elimination of competition resulted in a sixfold increase in herbage production and a tenfold increase in number of flower stalks. The relative depressant effects of clipping were significantly reduced by concurrent reductions in competition. The beneficial effects of partial reduction of competition offset the adverse effects of heavy clipping, and elimination of competition more than offset the effects of extreme clipping. Number of flower stalks is a more sensitive indicator of vigor than total herbage production. Average flower stalk and foliage culm lengths are not useful indicators of vigor.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MOVEMENTS OF HERRING AND OTHER MARINE FISHES

We note that on the whole the presence of a quantity of carbon dioxide in the water affected the fishes less than a smaller amount of hydrogen sulfide. The combination of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide was most rapidly fatal. Since decomposition yields CO2 and consumes oxygen and is accompanied by the production of hydrogen sulfide which is also accompanied by the consumption of oxygen, it is reasonable to suppose that on a bottom from which vegetation is absent and decomposition actively takes place a fatal combination of lack of oxygen, and presence of hydrogen sulfide and probably carbon dioxide can develop quickly.Considering the fishes tested we note that the herrings were most sensitive. They were sharply marked off from the bottom species which are resistant to a marked degree. This resistance is in a very general way associated with the habitat preference of the species. Still the marked resistance of the small cottid is not quite explicable on this or any other basis.The importance of factor.
Quantitative Indices for the Autecological Biogeography of a Rhizobium Endophyte of Rice at Macro and Micro Spatial Scales

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii E11 is a natural root endophyte of rice isolated in the Nile delta where rice and berseem clover have been rotated since antiquity. Its autecological biogeography is being examined at two spatial scales: one at a macro scale relevant to its proposed use as a plant growth-promotive biofertilizer in rice-berseem clover agroecosystems, and a second at a micro scale relevant to its colonization of rice roots. Here we introduce two new indices to measure the prevalence in distribution of strain E11 within a defined spatial domain. An autecological biogeography index is described to map the distribution of a specific strain of rhizobia on a macro scale based on immunofluorescence microscopy of nodule occupants on legume trap hosts. A cluster index is introduced to analyze the in situ spatial pattern of root colonization by the bacteria at single-cell resolution using CMEIAS (Center for Microbial Ecology Image Analysis System) software for computer-assisted microscopy. When sampled at multiple georeferenced sites (i.e., at known Cartesian x,y coordinates relative to a landmark origin), these two indices provide values that are suitable for general use as the Z variate in spatial geostatistical analyses to model bacterial dispersion and colonization behavior, and to produce interpolated maps of the continuous distribution of the microbial symbiont within the defined spatial domain of the geographical region or root substratum, including areas that cannot be physically sampled. Both indices also have the potential for broad applications in microbial ecology.
Zooplankton community state in the NortheasternMarmara Sea during early autumn with comments onmass mortality of the Black Sea species due to thesalinity gradient

Abstract In October 2005 species composition and abundance of mesozooplankton collected in the Black Sea (near the entrance of the Bosphorus) and in the Marmara Sea (near the exit of the Bosphorus and Prince Islands) were studied taking into account the number of live and dead individuals. Along the Bosphorus, the numbers of the Black Sea originated Copepoda species reduced whilst the abundance of Cladocera and Oikopleura dioica increased towards the Marmara. The Black Sea species constituting 78% of total fodder zooplankton abundance in the Marmara Sea aggregated mainly in the subsurface layers with lower salinity. In the layers deeper than salinity gradient (25-50 m) 57% of the individuals from these taxa were deadbeing at different stages of decomposition. Respiration rates of copepods also differed among layers of distinct salinity.
Rôle de protéines clés de signalisation dans la qualité de cellules de reproduction destinées à être cryopréservées

L'AMPK est un senseur cellulaire des reserves energetiques de l’organisme. Les spermatozoides, mobilisent beaucoup d’energie pour leur mobilite et la fecondation de l’ovocyte. L’objectif de ce travail etait de caracteriser et decrire des elements cles de la voie de signalisation de l'AMPK, de comprendre leur implication dans les spermatozoides de coq et d’etudier comment leurs modulateurs peuvent impacter les fonctions des gametes conserves in vitro. Nous avons montre une augmentation de la mobilite et de la reaction acrosomique dans les spermatozoides exposes a l'AICAR et a la metformine, des activateur de l’AMPK, y compris apres avoir ete congeles. Ces activateurs ont partiellement restaure les activites des enzymes antioxydantes (SOD, GPx, GR): et diminue les ROS et la LPO dans les spermatozoides decongeles. Nous avons etabli la presence des CaMKKs (α et β) et de CaMKI dans les spermatozoides et leur role lie au calcium extracellulaire (via les canaux calcique SOCs) dans la voie de regulation de l'AMPK et dans la mobilite et la reaction acrosomique des spermatozoides. En conclusion, ce travail confirme le role de differents acteurs de signalisation lies au metabolisme energetique et aux flux calciques dans les fonctions des spermatozoides.
PULPA ECOLÓGICA DE CAFÉ ENSILADA EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE ALEVINES DEL HÍBRIDO CACHAMAY (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus) Use of Ecological Coffee Pulp Silage in Feeding for Cachamay Fingerlings (Colossoma macropomus x Piaractus brachypomus)

This trial was carried out at the Aquaculture Experimental Station of the Universidad Nacional Experimental del Tachira, Venezuela. The objective was to evaluate the use of ecological coffee pulp silage in cachamay (Colossoma x Piaractus ) fingerlings diets. Two types of ecological coffee pulp silage were used: one without molasses (ECPS) as a control and another with 5% molasses (ECPSM). Each type of coffee pulp was evaluated at three levels, 10, 15 y 18%; and simultaneously there was a control treatment (0% coffee pulp). The evaluation was carried out during eighty-four days. Seven experimental treatments were tested; there were seven cages per treatment with five fish per cage. The results were statistically analyzed using an ANOVA completely randomised design. The results showed that the best weight and length gain (P<0.05) was for the diet 18% ECPS with 0.53 g/d and 0.68 mm/d, respectively. Feed conversion ratios (P<0.05) of 2.7; 2.8 and 2.8 for 18% ECPS, 18% ECPSM and 15% ECPS, respectively, and the best benefit-cost ratio for diet 18% ECPS with a value of 1.42. The results did not show significant differences between the two types of ecological coffee pulp. Therefore, it is not necessary to add molasses to the coffee pulp during ensilage. It can be concluded, that ecological coffee pulp silage can be used as an alternative in the feeding of Colossoma x Piaractus, during the growing period, at levels up to 18%.