Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the mutagenicity, teratogenicity and subchronic toxicity of methylamino-abamectin

Purpose and Methods: Mutagenicity, teratogenicity and subchronic toxicity in mice or rats induced by Methylamino Abamectin(MA) were studied. Results and Conclusion: In comparison with negative control, each dosage did not show significant differences in the rates of marrow cell micronuclei and spermatic deformity of mice (P0.05); but revealed significant difference compared to positive control (P0.05). MA(10 500μg/plate) didn't induce positive mutations of strains TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102 with or without S9\-\{mix\} in Ames test. It suggested that MA has no obvious mutagenicity and embryotoxic or teratogenic effects in Wistar rats. At the highest dosage, BUN and Albumin at 12.6mg/kg.bw in females showed significant diffence (P0.05), so did BUN at 9.26mg/kg.bw in males (P0.05). Body weights were decreased in males and organ coefficient of kidney was increased in males ad females. The maximum no observed effect level of MA in subchromic toxicity was 1.16mg/kg.bw and 1.57mg/kg.bw in males and females, respectively.
Working with the enemy? Social work education and men who use intimate partner violence

11 The accurate measurements of natural and anthropogenic aerosol particulate matter (PM) is 12 important in managing both environmental and health risks; however, limited monitoring in regional 13 areas hinders accurate quantification. This article provides an overview of the ability of recently 14 launched geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites, such as GOES-R (North America) and HIMAWARI 15 (Asia and Oceania), to provide near real-time ground-level PM concentrations (GLCs). The review 16 examines the literature relating to the spatial and temporal resolution required by air quality studies, 17 the removal of cloud and surface effects, the aerosol inversion problem, and the computation of 18 ground-level concentrations rather than columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). 19 Determining surface PM concentrations using remote sensing is complicated by differentiating 20 intrinsic aerosol properties (size, shape, composition, and quantity) from extrinsic signal intensities, 21 particularly as the number of unknown intrinsic parameters exceeds the number of known extrinsic 22 measurements. The review confirms that development of GEO satellite products has led to 23 improvements in the use of coupled products such as GEOS-CHEM, aerosol types have consolidated 24 on model species rather than prior descriptive classifications, and forward radiative transfer models 25 have led to a better understanding of predictive spectra interdependencies across different aerosol 26 types, despite fewer wavelength bands. However, it is apparent that the aerosol inversion problem 27 remains challenging because there are limited wavelength bands for characterising localised 28 mineralogy. 29 The review finds that the frequency of GEO satellite data exceeds the temporal resolution required 30 for air quality studies, but the spatial resolution is too coarse for localised air quality studies. Continual 31 monitoring necessitates using the less sensitive thermal infra-red bands, which also reduce surface 32 absorption effects. However, given the challenges of the aerosol inversion problem and difficulties in 33 converting columnar AOD to surface concentrations, the review identifies coupled GEO-neural 34 networks as potentially the most viable option for improving quantification. 35
Empirical test on the relative climatic sensitivity between individuals of narrowly and broadly distributed species

Climate change is already influencing global ecology, exacerbating human-induced biodiversity loss with potentially devastating results. A first step to addressing climate change impacts on conservation is to better understand how and to what extent species will be affected. Species with smaller geographic distributions are commonly perceived to be at highest risk of extinction. However, estimates of species vulnerability are frequently based on simplifying assumptions regarding climatic tolerance, usually arrived at through the use of models that associate mean spatial or temporal climate values with species distributions. Model estimated climatic tolerances may be improved by incorporating either finer spatial or temporal resolutions and/or additional distribution-limiting factors like dispersal, habitat connectivity, and species interactions. However, the underlying assumption that species-level climatic reflect individual tolerances can skew vulnerability estimates toward over-or underestimation. We use empirically derived fitness reaction norms of biomass and seed pod count to estimate the relative sensitivity of individuals of broadly distributed (BD) and narrowly distributed (ND) species across temperature and water gradients. Temperature and water treatments were based on local climate station data and IPCC projections of climatic change. On the basis of fitness reaction norms, we infer relative vulnerability to examine the assumption that ND species are relatively more vulnerable to climatic change than BD species. Study species included the BD Mimulus guttatus and Clarkia purpurea and the ND Mimulus nudatus and Clarkia gracilis ssp. tracyi. Compared to M. nudatus (ND), individuals of M. guttatus (BD) exhibited biomass responses that were significantly more sensitive to temperature and seed pod count responses that were significantly more sensitive to water and temperature. Conversely, compared to C. purpurea (BD), C. gracilis ssp. tracyi (ND) individuals exhibited biomass and seed pod count responses that were significantly more sensitive to temperature. In addition, we measured unexpected positive responses from both Clarkia species to increases in temperature. Our results support the idea that, when examined at a local scale, the size of a species' geographic distribution does not necessarily correlate to climate change vulnerability.
A Parametric Version of LLL and Some Consequences: Parametric Shortest and Closest Vector Problems

Given a parametric lattice with a basis given by polynomials in Z[t], we give an algorithm to construct an LLL-reduced basis whose elements are eventually quasi-polynomial in t: that is, they are given by formulas that are piecewise polynomial in t (for sufficiently large t), such that each piece is given by a congruence class modulo a period. As a consequence, we show that there are parametric solutions of the shortest vector problem (SVP) and closest vector problem (CVP) that are also eventually quasi-polynomial in t.
Why and How Promoting Learners‟ Autonomy in TESL in Bangladesh?

A great deal continues to be said about the teaching of English at tertiary level in Bangladesh, and the focus has often been on teachers to encourage students to learn and use the language in a variety of contexts. As multicultural and multinational barriers have crumbled down and we are inextricably intertwined in this borderless world, we have to ensure that the Bangladeshi graduates stand out globally as efficient communicators in English. Hence, the paper believes that successful implementation of learners’ autonomy can enhance learning English as a second language. Therefore, it tries to explore the scopes and outcomes of implementation of learners’ autonomy at tertiary level in Bangladesh. This study basically combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods where research paradigm is pragmatic. Finally, the study directs to promote learners’ autonomy so that students can be best prepared to face the ‘real’ and ‘much bigger world’ outside the classroom.
Faecal DNA Testing for Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma: A Prospective Case Control Study

Background: Using Faecal DNA test to detect these aberrant methylations and mutations in DNA shed from the colonic cells could help in detection of pre-cancerous or early stage of colorectal cancer which would improve the mortality rate. Guaiac based chemical detection of faecal occult blood (gFOBT) is one of the non-invasive screening methods but with lower sensitivity as not every colorectal cancerous lesion bleeds. Aims :To compare the sensitivity and specificity of stool DNA test against Faecal Occult Blood Test. Method: This was a prospective case control study to compare the sensitivity and specificity of Faecal DNA test with gFOBT as to which test would make a better screening tool for colorectal cancer. Result: The sensitivity of Faecal DNA Test was found to be 86% whereas the sensitivity of gFOBT was found to be 66% and specificity for gFOBT was 86% compared to 72% for Faecal DNA test. Conclusion: Based on several studies including the present study it could be concluded that there is sufficient data to include Faecal DNA test as a viable option for CRC screening although testing stool for molecular markers is an evolving technology
Using Hardware Ray Transforms to Accelerate Ray/Primitive Intersections for Long, Thin Primitive Types

With the recent addition of hardware ray tracing capabilities, GPUs have become incredibly efficient at ray tracing both triangular geometry, and instances thereof. However, the bounding volume hierarchies that current ray tracing hardware relies on are known to struggle with long, thin primitives like cylinders and curves, because the axis-aligned bounding boxes that these hierarchies rely on cannot tightly bound such primitives. In this paper, we evaluate the use of RTX ray tracing capabilities to accelerate these primitives by tricking the GPU's instancing units into executing a hardware-accelerated oriented bounding box (OBB) rejection test before calling the user's intersection program. We show that this can be done with minimal changes to the intersection programs and demonstrate speedups of up to 5.9× on a variety of data sets.
Cervical Laminoplasty in the Elderly: Report of a Single Center Experience and Review of the Literature

Background: Cervical laminoplasty has become one of the most endorsed surgical techniques for the treatment of multilevel spondylotic myelopathy, especially in the elderly. It can avoid an extensive anterior neck surgery in any case where there is not a pre-existing kyphosis or evidence of abnormal spinal movement. Methods: We report our retrospective single centre experience with open-door laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy in an elder population, focusing on both radiological and functional outcomes to compare our results with the recent literature. Results: Among the 30 selected subjects, 2 (6, 7%) showed surgical complications that required re-intervention and were excluded from the study. All the others 28 patients (93,3%), with a minimum follow-up of 18 months, showed adequate decompression of the spinal canal at the post-operative MRI, no persistent axial pain nor persistent postoperative complications. The majority of patients showed an improvement of both the Nurick scale and the mJOA score during follow up, with an ultimate median value of the mJOA recovery rate of 69,7%. The median value of C2C7LA of the 18 evaluated patients at 18 months after surgery was 17,4°, with a medium loss of lordosis of about 5,2 degrees. Conclusions: Our study has the limitations of a retrospective review with a limited amount of patients; nevertheless the clinical and radiological outcomes of our patients confirm the good results of this surgical approach. Its effectiveness in improving cervical spinal cord compression mixed with its lower risk of developing or worsening kyphosis made it an undeniable resource in surgeons’ armamentarium.
Construction of a T-DNA Insertional Mutant Library for Verticillium dahliae Kleb.and Analysis of a Mutant Phenotype

We constructed a mutant library by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation(ATMT),containing 15000 mutants from a virulent defoliating V.dahliae Kleb.V592 isolated from cotton originating from Xinjiang Province,China.The biological characteristics,pathogenicity,and T-DNA insertion of some mutants were analyzed. (1) Mutant phenotypes were divided into four groups according to colonial phenotype,number of sclerotium,such as sclerotium type,intermediate type,hyphal type and velum type,which accounted for 92.12%,4.54%,3.19%,and 0.15%. (2) The sporulation abilities of sclerotial type mutants were generally stronger than that of intermediate and hyphal type mutants,while growth speed and spore size showed no distinct differences from the wild-type V592. (3) The pathogenicity of sclerotial type mutants was generally stronger than of intermediate and hyphal type mutants. (4) Southern blot analysis indicated that T-DNAs were inserted randomly into the V.dahliae genome,and about 70.99% of the 131 transformants were single copy.This indicates that Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation could be used to create mutagenesis in Verticillium dahliae,and the mutant phenotype influences pathogenicity,sporulation,and T-DNA insertion.
Testing a microscopic model for space and gravitation

A Planck-scale model for the microscopic degrees of freedom of space is derived from an idea by Dirac. The conjectured model is based on a single fundamental principle that involves fluctuating one-dimensional strands. The principle allows deducing all classical and quantum properties of empty space and gravitation, including the field equations of general relativity. For black holes, the strand conjecture provides an unusual but consistent description that includes the entropy, the temperature, the moment of inertia, the ergosphere, the charge limit, the angular momentum limit, the g-factor and frame dragging. The conjectured model also allows deriving an extensive list of predictions and tests. They include the lack of any addition or modification to general relativity and to quantum theory, at all sub-galactic scales. Predictions also include a maximum mass flow c3/4G, a maximum momentum flow c4/4G, and a maximum luminosity c5/4G for all processes in nature. So far, all predictions and tests agree with observations. Despite being a proposal for quantum gravity, the strand conjecture predicts the lack of new observable effects. Instead, the strand conjecture allows deriving a model for elementary particles and allows deducing upper and lower limits for their gravitational mass values.
Early Investment in preschool and Completion of Secondary Education in Ethiopia: Lessons drawn from Young Lives

Despite the plethora of studies in high income countries, little is known about the long-term contributions of early childhood investment in low income countries. This study then used longitudinal data from the Young Lives Project in Ethiopia to examine the contribution of preschool participation on successful completion of secondary education and the chance of transitioning to institutions of higher learning at the proper ages. Controlled for relevant covariates, marginal probability from a logit estimate shows that preschoolers are 25.7% more likely to complete secondary education than their non-preschool counterparts at the proper age. The marginal returns are higher for those who attended preschool for 3 and 2 years than those who attended only for 1 year. Those who attended for three years are particularly found with higher probability of making transition to higher education at the age of 18. The results are robust to alternative IV methods. The lesson is that a significant part of children’s educational inequalities at later ages are explained by the level of early childhood investment as the result of “skill begets skill”. In spite of such significance of early childhood investment, public investment being allocated to the preschool subsector is meagre, relative to the other subsectors. Based on the current preschool landscape of the country only one-fourth of the 7.4 million preschool aged children–mainly from the well-to-do families and urban areas–are able to make their way to this vital learning stage while children of the majority simply begin primary school without any early exposure and consequently face considerable difficulties on their later educational pathways such as difficulty of completing secondary education and incapable of transitioning to institutions of higher learning at the proper ages. JEL Classification I25; I26; O12
SERIE DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO

Transfers to women may affect their bargaining power within the household and consequently their well-being. We analyze the effects of the 2004/2005 pension reform in Argentina, that resulted in an unexpected and substantial increase in permanent income for around 1.8 million women, on outcomes arguably related to women’s bargaining power within the household. We estimate the effects of the reform in the probability of divorce/separation, the distribution of household chores, and the probability of women being the head of the household, using a Difference-in-Differences approach. Our results show that despite the low divorce probability among seniors, transfers to senior women have substantial effects on their situation in the household. More specifically, we find that the reform had statistically significant effects on the probability of divorce/separation increasing it by 1.8 − 2.7 percentage points implying an increase of around 18 − 19% on the divorce/separation rate of 60 − 65 year old women. Moreover, the probability of being the head of the household also increased by 2.8−3.3 percentage points representing an increase of 7−19% in the probability amongst women of 60 − 65 years of age. In the case of married women, the probability of being the head of the household increased by 1.3 − 1.5 percentage points, which represents an increase of 20 − 22%. Results show that the distribution of household chores within the couples was also affected by the reform. More precisely, the probability that the wife is the only person in charge of the housework decreased by 5 percentage points, an 11% decrease. The participation of husbands in housework, however, did not change significantly.
Ju l 2 01 3 Lagrangian alternative to QCD string

The spectrum of radially excited hadrons provides much information about the confinement forces in QCD. The confinement is realized most naturally in terms of the QCD string whose quantization gives rise to the radially excited modes. We propose an alternative framework for the description of the excited spectrum. Namely we put forward some effective field models in which the hadrons acquire masses due to interaction with a scalar field modeling the non-perturbative gluon vacuum. The effective potential for this field is periodic with an infinite number of non-equivalent vacua. The radially excited hadrons emerge as elementary excitations over different vacua. We construct explicit examples for such effective theories in the meson sector. An interesting byproduct of the considered models is the existence of a classical field configuration in each vacuum. Depending on the model, it can represent a domain wall, Nielsen-Olesen vortex or ’t Hooft– Polyakov monopole. In the pure scalar sector, it is shown that the first quantum correction leads to splitting of the radially excited modes into two nearly degenerate states. Such a phenomenon has some phenomenological support. The presented approach may be also viewed as an alternative framework to the bottom-up AdS/QCD models where the radial excitations appear on the classical level as well.
C O ] 2 0 A ug 2 02 0 Graph colorings under global structural conditions ∗

More than ten years ago in 2008, a new kind of graph coloring appeared in graph theory, which is the rainbow connection coloring of graphs, and then followed by some other new concepts of graph colorings, such as proper connection coloring, monochromatic connection coloring, and conflict-free connection coloring of graphs. In about ten years of our consistent study, we found that these new concepts of graph colorings are actually quite different from the classic graph colorings. These colored connection colorings of graphs are brand-new colorings and they need to take care of global structural properties (for example, connectivity) of a graph under the colorings; while the traditional colorings of graphs are colorings under which only local structural properties (adjacent vertices or edges) of a graph are taken care of. Both classic colorings and the new colored connection colorings can produce the so-called chromatic numbers. We call the colored connection numbers the global chromatic numbers, and the classic or traditional chromatic numbers the local chromatic numbers. This paper intends to clarify the difference between the colored connection colorings and the traditional colorings, and finally to propose the new concepts of global colorings under which global structural properties of the colored graph are kept, and the global chromatic numbers.
The PGF2α, a less costly and invasive means than progestogens to manipulate the sexual activity in out-breeding season of the “Ouled Djellal” Algerian ewes

The sexual activity of 237 ewes of the most representative of Algerian sheep breeds (about 70%): the "Ouled Djellal", was studied during the anestrous season i.e. in spring (April 2016), in Constantine, a north-eastern Algerian province. A number of 50 ewes, chosen randomly from the flock, were subjected to a double injection of PGF2α at an 11 days’ interval and the 187 females remaining have served as a control group. 80% of the ewes treated started mating about 60 hours after the release, with the whole flock, of 14 rams that have been previously separated from the flock but not sensory isolated. A lambing percentage of 90 spread over 23 days and 98.9 spread over 47 days occurred respectively in the treated and control group. Both treated and untreated ewes with PGF2α exhibited estrus (April and May), got pregnant and lambed within a period of less than 2 months. The use of PGF2α, through the luteolysis it induces during spring: first confirms the results of previous studies reporting the ability of “Ouled Djellal” ewe to exhibit sexual activity throughout the year, second shortens considerably the laming period and last and more importantly can be substituted to the use of the progestogens impregnated sponges, far more invasive, time consuming and more costly, as a means to manipulate the female sexual activity.
EFFECTS OF ALTERED AUDITORY FEEDBACK ON THE TEMPORAL CONTROL OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENTS

Research indicates that distinct mechanisms regulate the timing of discrete and continuous rhythmic movements. These mechanisms – called event and emergent timing, respectively – may respond differently to auditory feedback. In this study, we investigated whether unexpected pitches in auditory feedback would interact with the timing accuracy of discrete and continuous rhythmic movements. Participants completed two tasks: finger tapping (Experiment 1) and circle drawing (Experiment 2). A synchronization-continuation paradigm was adopted whereby each action in the continuation phase triggered a sequence of repeated piano tones; however, in some trials, the auditory feedback of one tone of the sequence was altered. Our results indicate that unexpected feedback significantly affected timing accuracy of both discrete and continuous movements, but in unique ways. For the tapping task, the perturbations led to a decrease in the intertap interval immediately following the feedback manipulations. Conversely, in the circle-drawing task, unexpected pitch changes increased the inter-response interval on the second interval after the perturbation. These results indicate that unexpected changes in feedback content induced different error correction responses in discrete and continuous rhythmic movements, and shed light on adaptation and anticipation mechanisms in the temporal control of different types of rhythmic movements.