Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of Dof transcription factor family in sweetpotato shed light on their promising functions in stress tolerance

DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors play a crucial role in plant abiotic stress regulatory networks, although massive Dofs have been systematically characterized in plants, they have not been identified in the hexaploid crop sweetpotato. Herein, 43 IbDof genes were detected to be disproportionally dispersed across 14 of the 15 chromosomes of sweetpotato, and segmental duplications were discovered to be the major driving force for the expansion of IbDofs. The collinearity analysis of IbDofs with their related orthologs from eight plants revealed the potential evolutionary history of Dof gene family. Phylogenetic analysis displayed that IbDof proteins were assigned into nine subfamilies, and the regularity of gene structures and conserved motifs was consistent with the subgroup classification. Additionally, five chosen IbDof genes were shown to be substantially and variably induced under various abiotic conditions (salt, drought, heat, and cold), as well as hormone treatments (ABA and SA), according to their transcriptome data and qRT-PCR experiments. Consistently, the promoters of IbDofs contained a number of cis-acting elements associated with hormone and stress responses. Besides, it was noted that IbDof2 had transactivation activity in yeasts, while IbDof-11/-16/-36 did not, and protein interaction network analysis and yeast two-hybrid experiments revealed a complicated interaction connection amongst IbDofs. Collectively, these data lay a foundation for further functional explorations of IbDof genes, especially with regards to the possible application of multiple IbDof members in breeding the tolerant plants.
The Star Formation History of the Local Group Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy NGC 185. I. Stellar Content

We present VI CCD photometry of ∼16,000 stars in a 7. ′2 × 7. ′2 field of the Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 185. The resulting VI color-magnitude diagram reveals a dominant red giant branch population, an important number of luminous red stars located above the tip of the red giant branch, and a number of blue and yellow stars. Besides the nucleus, our field also covers a large, less crowded area of the galaxy. We show color-magnitude diagrams at six different distances from the nucleus. The red giant branch becomes substantially narrower at larger distances from the nucleus, while the photometry gets deeper. In this paper, we concentrate on investigating the contribution of the observational effects (mainly crowding) to this observed gradient. Although we cannot rule out here the possibility that this trend partially originates in a gradient of the characteristics of the stellar populations of the galaxy with radius, we show that a strong radial gradient exists in the observational effects that can mimic a gradient in the real properties (e.g., age, metallicity) of the stellar population. A distance modulus of m - M = 23.95 ± 0.10 has been obtained from the tip of the red giant branch, in good agreement with previous estimates. The average stellar metallicity is estimated to be [Fe/H] = -1.43 ± 0.15, and decreases for increasing galactocentric distance.
Two approaches to the problem of defect correction in vector field tomography solving boundary value problems

The problem of vector field tomography consists of reconstructing a vector field from integrals of certain projections of the field over geodesic lines. In case of an homogeneous medium the underlying Riemannian metric is the Euclidean one and the geodesics are straight lines. Modeling inhomogeneous media we take also non-Euclidean metrics into account. It is well known that the corresponding integral transform has a nontrivial kernel consisting of potential fields with potentials being equal to a constant on the boundary of the domain. Thus, the reconstruction from these data may contain a potential part of this type. Since we consider only solenoidal fields, e.g.velocity fields of incompressible fluids, the accuracy of the solution can be improved detecting the undesirable potential part of the reconstruction and subtracting it. Depending on the boundary condition the sought potential is the solution of either a Dirichlet or a Neumann boundary value problem. In this article two approaches to recover the potential are suggested: One deals with the solution of the Dirichlet problem with a finite difference scheme, the other solves the Neumann problem with the help of boundary element methods.
A new multimedia resource for teaching quantum mechanics concepts

We describe a collection of interactive animations and visualizations for teaching quantum mechanics. The animations can be used at all levels of the undergraduate curriculum. Each animation includes a step-by-step exploration that explains the key points. The animations and instructor resources are freely available. By using a diagnostic survey, we report substantial learning gains for students who have worked with the animations.
Prevalence, evolution, replication and transmission of H3N8 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds in eastern China from 2017 to 2021

ABSTRACT The continued evolution and emergence of novel influenza viruses in wild and domestic animals poses an increasing public health risk. Two human cases of H3N8 avian influenza virus infection in China in 2022 have caused public concern regarding the risk of transmission between birds and humans. However, the prevalence of H3N8 avian influenza viruses in their natural reservoirs and their biological characteristics are largely unknown. To elucidate the potential threat of H3N8 viruses, we analyzed five years of surveillance data obtained from an important wetland region in eastern China and evaluated the evolutionary and biological characteristics of 21 H3N8 viruses isolated from 15,899 migratory bird samples between 2017 and 2021. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the H3N8 viruses circulating in migratory birds and ducks have evolved into different branches and have undergone complicated reassortment with viruses in waterfowl. The 21 viruses belonged to 12 genotypes, and some strains induced body weight loss and pneumonia in mice. All the tested H3N8 viruses preferentially bind to avian-type receptors, although they have acquired the ability to bind human-type receptors. Infection studies in ducks, chickens and pigeons demonstrated that the currently circulating H3N8 viruses in migratory birds have a high possibility of infecting domestic waterfowl and a low possibility of infecting chickens and pigeons. Our findings imply that circulating H3N8 viruses in migratory birds continue to evolve and pose a high infection risk in domestic ducks. These results further emphasize the importance of avian influenza surveillance at the wild bird and poultry interface.
An Experimental and Numerical Study of the Final Zero-Flow Thermal Transpiration Stage

By just applying a temperature difference to a micro-system filled with rarefied gas, it is possible to engender a displacement or a compression of the gas in the temperature gradient direction. This is the Thermal Transpiration phenomenon. In the present work, thermal transpiration has been studied both through an experimental approach, which exploits an original measuring system, and through a numerical approach, which is modeled on the basis of the Shakhov model kinetic equation. In both studies, a circular cross section glass micro-tube is submitted to a temperature gradient. The obtained results for Helium, such as the thermal molecular pressure difference, the thermal molecular pressure ratio and the thermal molecular pressure exponent at the final zero-flow stage, are analyzed in the case of a tube submitted to a temperature difference of 51 K. Finally, the obtained thermal molecular pressure ratio results are also compared to the semi-empirical formulas of Liang (1951) and Takaishi and Sensui (1963). These semi-empirical formulas are still in use nowadays to introduce correction factors for pressure measurements done when the pressure gauge functions at different temperatures in respect to the temperature of the operating gas. For the here working pressure conditions and the used tube dimensions the gas rarefaction conditions go from near free molecular to slip regime.
Incorporation of Cloud-Scale and Mesoscale Downdrafts into a Cumulus Parameterization: Results of One- and Three-Dimensional Integrations

Abstract Cumulus and mesoscale downdrafts are incorporated into the cumulus parameterization of Kuo. Convection is driven by grid-scale moisture supply, and distributed vertically by temperature and specific humidity differences between the environment and an idealized cloud. The moisture supply is defined to minimize the problem of lag between instantaneous moisture accession and rainfall. Downdrafts are added to the idealized cloud profile by determining a weighted mean of the equivalent potential temperatures (θe) for cumulus updrafts, saturated cumulus downdrafts, and unsaturated mesoscale downdrafts, and by extracting the cloud temperature and specific humidity iteratively from the mean θe. The θe values are weighted by the mean vertical eddy flux convergence of moist static energy by each component. The addition of downdrafts sharply increases the rate of stabilization of the grid scale by the Kuo approach. Stabilization characteristics are also shown to depend upon precipitation efficiency, strengt.
Stress Levels and Sleep Disorders among Undergraduate Nursing Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities to change their teaching and learning activities using online methods, which can impact students' stress problems, including undergraduate nursing students. This study aims to identify the relationship between stress levels and sleep disorders among nursing students in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study included 253 nursing students from the Faculty of Nursing at Universitas Padjadjaran between 2018 and 2021, and completed the Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire from June 2022 to July 2022. Study findings, all individuals reported experiencing moderate to severe stress levels and had an impact on sleep disorders, with a sig. (2-tailed) namely 0.001 (<0.05) and correlation (r) 0.290. The majority reported moderate stress, i.e. less disturbed sleep (70.6%), disturbed (63.2%), and very disturbed (52.6%). Meanwhile, severe stress, namely disturbed sleep (33%) and very disturbed (47.4%). Although, there were 14.3% had mild stress and slept less disturbed. The highest levels of stress and sleep disorders were reported by women (85.4%), 17-21 years old (78.7%), and lived with their family (77.1%). This study highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic related to stress and sleep disorders has a significant relationship. Therefore, future studies using meta-regression are needed to investigate the factors influencing and exacerbating stress and sleep disorder among nursing students in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize results bias.
Dynamic Viscoelastic Effects on Free Vibrations of a Submerged Fluid-filled Thin Cylindrical Shell

The novel features of the Havriliak-Negami model for dynamic description of viscoelastic material behavior along with the Donnell theory of shell motion are applied to study free vibrational and damping characteristics of an infinitely long viscoelastic thin circular cylindrical shell submerged in and filled with acoustic fluids. The analytical results are illustrated with numerical examples in which two fluid-filled shells of distinctive viscoelastic material properties are undergoing free vibrations in a surrounding ideal fluid medium. The natural frequencies and the associated modal loss factors as a function of the circumferential mode number at selected axial wave lengths and submergence conditions are numerically evaluated and discussed. The numerical results reveal the imperative influence of dynamic viscoelastic properties on the vibrational characteristics of the fluid-coupled system. They demonstrate an interesting correlation between the modal loss factor and the material loss factor in the vicinity of the calculated natural frequency. In particular, the modal loss factor (natural frequency) is found to be highly dependent on (fairly insensitive to) the frequency dependence of the loss factor in the viscoelastic material. A limiting case involving a thin elastic steel shell submerged in water is considered and fair agreement with a well-known solution is established.
Developmental, Reproduction, and Feeding Preferences of the Sitobion avenae Mediated by Soil Silicon Application

Silicon occupies an important position in the nutrient requirements of wheat. It has been reported that silicon enhances plant resistance to phytophagous insects. However, only limited research has been carried out on the effects of silicon application to wheat and Sitobion avenae populations. In this study, three silicon fertilizer concentrations were treated for potted wheat seedlings, including 0 g/L, 1 g/L, and 2 g/L of water-soluble silicon fertilizer solution. The effect of silicon application on the developmental period, longevity, reproduction, wing pattern differentiation, and other vital life table parameters of the S. avenae were determined. The cage method and the Petri dish isolated leaf method were used to determine the effect of silicon application on the feeding preference of the winged and wingless aphid. The results showed silicon application had no significant effect on the aphid instar of 1–4; although, 2 g/L silicon fertilizer prolonged the nymph stage and 1 and 2 g/L of silicon application all shortened the adult stage and reduced the longevity and fertility of the aphid. Two instances of silicon application reduced the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) of the aphid. A 2 g/L silicon application prolonged the population doubling time (td), significantly reduced the mean generation time (T), and increased the proportion of winged aphids. The results also demonstrated that the selection ratio of winged aphids in wheat leaves treated with 1 g/L and 2 g/L silicon was reduced by 8.61% and 17.88%, respectively. The number of aphids on leaves treated with 2 g/L silicon was significantly reduced at 48 and 72 h of aphids released, and the application of silicon to wheat was detrimental to the feeding preference of S. avenae. Therefore, the application of silicon at 2 g/L to wheat has an inhibitory effect on the life parameters and feeding preference of S. avenae.
Formation of a 1. 5-solar mass carbon star with Mbol = -4. 4

A summary of calculations of the thermally pulsing evolution of 1.5-solar mass stellar models with Z = 0.003 and 0.006 is presented. It is found that carbon dredge-up is a common occurrence, and can occur for core masses as low as 0.65 solar masses. One of the models becomes a carbon star with a core mass of only 0.65 solar masses and a luminosity of only M(bol) = -4.4. The particular pulse which produced C greater than O had lambda = Delta-M(dredge)/Delta-M(H) = 0.38. 25 references.
Tourist scams: cues and processes in decision-making

ABSTRACT Tourist scams have long been a challenge for tourist security and destination management. Understanding the tourist decision-making process can improve scam prevention. Through a quasi-experiment, 609 participants made, and documented reasons for, decisions after viewing animated scam videos. Thematic analysis was conducted to explore the external (operational) cues and internal (respondent-related) references, and revealed two categories of cues, namely scam-covering and scam-revealing cues. Three internal references—emotions, knowledge and needs—exerted a crucial impact. Multiple heuristics strategies were identified, and a model was made to illustrate the decision-making process. Theoretic and pragmatic implications are discussed for communicating scam detection.
The domain of applicability of acoustic full-waveform inversion for marine seismic data

Marine reflection seismic data inversion is a compute-intensive process, especially in three dimensions. Approximations often are made to limit the number of physical parameters we invert for, or to speed up the forward modeling. Because the data often are dominated by unconverted P-waves, one popular approximation is to consider the earth as purely acoustic, i.e., no shear modulus. The material density sometimes is taken as a constant. Nonlinear waveform seismic inversion consists of iteratively minimizing the misfit between the amplitudes of the measured and the modeled data. Approximations, such as assuming an acoustic medium, lead to incorrect modeling of the amplitudes of the seismic waves, especially with respect to amplitude variation with offset (AVO), and therefore have a direct impact on the inversion results. For evaluation purposes, we have performed a series of inversions with different approximations and different constraints whereby the synthetic data set to recover is computed for a 1D elastic medium. A series of numerical experiments, although simple, help to define the applicability domain of the acoustic assumption. Acoustic full-wave inversion is applicable only when the S-wave velocity and the density fields are smooth enough to reduce the AVO effect, or when the near-offset seismograms are inverted with a good starting model. However, in many realistic cases, acoustic approximation penalizes the full-wave inversion of marine reflection seismic data in retrieving the acoustic parameters.
A Causal Model of Relationship between Organizational Climate Influencing Happiness at Work and Organization Engagement

This research aimed to study the level of organizational climate, happiness at work, and organization engagement. It included research into the relationship between organizational climate and employee happiness and engagement, as well as the direct and indirect effects of organizational climate on employee happiness and engagement. A sample of 400 employees was used. The findings revealed the following: 1) Organizational Climate (OC) directly influencing Happiness at Work (HW) had an influence coefficient of 0.92 with a statistical significance level of 0.05. 2) Organizational Climate (OC) directly influencing Organization Engagement (OE) had the influence coefficient of 0.32 with the statistical significance at the level of 0.05 and indirectly influencing Organization Engagement (OE) through Happiness at Work (HW) had the influence coefficient of 0.59 with the statistical significance at the level of 0.05. 3) Happiness at Work (HW) directly influencing Organization Engagement (OE) had an influence coefficient of 0.64 with a statistical significance level of 0.05. 4) Organizational Climate (OC) could forecast 85 percent of Happiness at Work (HW). 5) Organizational Climate (OC) and Happiness at Work (HW) could jointly forecast 89 percent of Organization Engagement (OE). Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-018 Full Text: PDF
Model Test Investigation Of Shock Wave Reflection With The Aid Of High Speed Shadow-Schlieren Visualisation And Pressure Gauges

During the process of shock wave reflection at plane and curved walls (wedges and cylinders) the front reflection pressure was measured in shock tube runs using pressure transducers and indirectly by evaluating schlieren pictures. Shock incidences were especially chosen in those angular regions where transition from regular reflection to irregular reflection occurs. A basic difference in the trend of the reflection pressure is recognizable at the various shaped obstacles. In the case of the plane wall the pressure increases with increasing angles of incidence until the termination of the phase of regular reflection and decreases during the subsequent phase of irregular reflection. This enhanced front reflection pressure can be higher than that resulting from head-on reflection. At the curved wall, the pressure decreases monotonically throughout the entire phase of regular reflection. The first case, being pseudosteady, is predicted by the von Neumann reflection theories, not so the latter case, which is truly a non-stationary process. However, not only the geometric shape of the body surface influences the reflection phases but also its quality. By a series of shadow-schlieren pictures it is qualitatively shown that the surface roughness delays the development of regular reflection and Mach reflection remarkably and that at plane obstacles as well as at curved ones. So it must be taken into account that the trend of pressure also depends on realistic parameters.
Nonlinear energy dissipation in a cellular automaton magnetotail field model

A magnetic field model of the magnetotail current sheet based on cellular automaton (CA) is presented. The present isotropic model is a continuously driven, two‐dimensional running CA. The model has a physical interpretation in terms of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, and features self‐organized critical (SOC) behavior with power‐law scalings both in durations and sizes of instabilities (avalanches). The model has nonlinear energy dissipation, and shows avalanches with and without an external trigger. Thus the model reproduces some of the statistical features recently observed in the magnetotail.
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and Its Diverse Applications

This review focuses on the applications of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to incompressible or nearly incompressible flow. In the past 17 years, the range of applications has increased as researchers have realized the ability of SPH algorithms to handle complex physical problems. These include the disruption of free surfaces when a wave hits a rocky beach, multifluid problems that may involve the motion of rigid and elastic bodies, non-Newtonian fluids, virtual surgery, and chemical precipitation from fluids moving through fractured media. SPH provides a fascinating tool that has some of the properties of molecular dynamics while retaining the attributes of the macroscopic equations of continuum mechanics.
Numerical simulation of the performance of a human nasal cavity

Purpose – The paper aims to focus on airflow and heat transfer inside the human nasal cavity. The contribution of this work is the inertial analysis of the momentum and thermal stress of the cavity throughout the respiratory cycle.Design/methodology/approach – By means of computer tomography scans, an accurate three‐dimensional anatomical representation of the human nasal cavity was obtained. A three‐dimensional numerical model is presented in order to predict the time evolution of flow patterns during a quiet breathing cycle, covering inhalation and exhalation. An inertial analysis of the momentum and a detailed study of the thermal behaviour during the breathing cycle is carried out.Findings – Head loss, velocity and temperature values are in agreement with experimental results from previous studies. Based on these results, the influence of the inhalation and the exhalation on the flow pattern and air conditioning has been reviewed. Results suggest that the anterior and posterior turbinate regions are w.
General rings of functions

Several authors have studied various types of rings of continuous functions on Tychonoff spaces and have used them to study various types of compactifications (See for example Hager (1969), Isbell (1958), Mrowka (1973), Steiner and Steiner (1970)). However many important results and properties pertaining the Stone-Čech compactification and the Hewitt realcompactification can be extended to a more general setting by considering appropriate lattices of sets, generalizing that of the lattice of zero sets in a Tychonoff space. This program was first considered by Wallman (1938) and Alexandroff (1940) and has more recently appeared in Alo and Shapiro (1970), Banachewski (1962), Brooks (1967), Frolik (1972), Sultan (to appear) and others.