Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imaging in optical micromanipulation using two-photon excitation

Recent studies have realized optical micromanipulation of extended two- and three-dimensional structures and optical binding. In many recent experiments the optical interaction between particles and their light scattering has played a key role. We use fluorescein dye within the sample medium and a femtosecond laser for optical micromanipulation. By the process of two-photon excitation we can directly observe how the light behaves during refraction and reflection within a sample of optically guided microspheres. We directly visualize the reconstruction of the Bessel light beam by excitation of two-photon fluorescence when used as an optical guide for microscopic particles dispersed within this dyed medium. This technique may assist in the visualization of optical scattering and refraction in micromanipulation and the creation of large optically bound matter crystals.
A Model of Spectral Albedo of Particulate Surfaces: Implications for Optical Properties of the Moon

A simple one-dimensional geometrical-optics model for spectral albedo of powdered surfaces, in particular of lunar regolith, is presented. As distinct from, e.g., the Kubelka–Munk formula, which deals with two effective parameters of a medium, the suggested model uses spectra of optical constants of the medium materials. Besides, our model is invertible, i.e., allows estimations of spectral absorption using albedo spectrum, ifa prioridata on the real part of refractive index and surface porosity are known. The model has been applied to interpret optical properties of the Moon. In particular, it has been shown that: (1) both color indices and depth of absorption bands for regolith-like surfaces depend on particle size, which should be taken into account when correlations between these optical characteristics and abundance of Fe and Ti in the lunar regolith are studied; (2) fine-grained reduced iron occurring in regolith particles affects band minima positions in reflectance spectra of lunar pyroxenes and, consequently, affects the result of determination of pyroxene types and Fe abundance by Adams' method.
Sex Difference in Lower-limb Electromyography and Kinematics when Using Resistance Bands during a Barbell Back Squat

The aim of this study was to compare the muscle activity of the gluteus medius (GMe), gluteus maximus (GMa), biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and erector spinae (ES) as well as medial knee displacement (MKD) while using varying stiffness resistance bands (red: 1.68 kg; black: 3.31 kg; gold: 6.44 kg) during a barbell back squat (BBS) among males and females. A total of 23 (females: 11) resistance trained people were recruited for this study. Muscle activity was measured using electromyography, and motion capture cameras tracked lower-limb kinematics and MKD. Three resistance bands were placed at the distal end of the femur while performing a BBS at their 85% repetition maximum (RM). Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were conducted with the alpha level of 0.05. The gold resistance band resulted in a smaller knee-width-index value (i.e., greater MKD) compared to other bands (p < 0.01). Males exhibited less MKD compared to females during the BBS for each resistance band (p = 0.04). Males produced greater VL activity when using the black and gold resistance bands during the BBS (p = 0.03). When using a gold resistance band, the GMe muscle activation was higher compared to other resistance bands (p < 0.01). VM muscle activity was reduced when using a gold resistance band compared to no band condition (p < 0.01). BF (p = 0.39) and ES (p = 0.88) muscle activity did not change when using different resistance bands. As a result, females may be at a biomechanical disadvantage when using resistance bands compared to males while performing the BBS hindering them from optimal performance.
Aerothermal Investigations of Tip Leakage Flow in Axial Flow Turbines-Part II: Effect of Relative Casing Motion

A numerical study has been performed to investigate the effect of casing motion on the tip leakage flow and heat transfer characteristics in unshrouded axial flow turbines. The relative motion between the blade tip and the casing was simulated by moving the casing in a direction from the suction side to the pressure side of the stationary blade. Base line flat tip geometry and squealer type geometries, namely, double squealer or cavity and suction side squealer, were considered at a clearance gap of 1.6% C. The computations were performed using a single blade with periodic boundary conditions imposed along the boundaries in the pitchwise direction. Turbulence was modeled using the shear stress transport k-w model. The flow conditions correspond to an exit Reynolds number of 2.3 × 10 5 . The results were compared to those obtained without the relative casing motion reported in Part I of this paper. In general, the effect of relative casing motion was to decrease the tip leakage mass flow and the average heat transfer to the tip due to the decrease in leakage flow velocity caused by a drop in driving pressure difference. Compared to the computations with stationary casing, in the case of all the three geometries considered, the average heat transfer to the suction surface of the blade was found to be larger in the case of the computations with relative casing motion. At a larger clearance gap of 2.8%C, in case of a flat tip, while the tip leakage mass flow decreased due to relative casing motion, only a smaller change in the average heat transfer to the tip and the suction surface of the blade was noticed.
0.5-V Nano-Power Shadow Sinusoidal Oscillator Using Bulk-Driven Multiple-Input Operational Transconductance Amplifier

This paper presents a low-frequency shadow sinusoidal oscillator using a bulk-driven multiple-input operational transconductance amplifier (MI-OTA) with extremely low-voltage supply and nano-power consumption. The proposed oscillator is composed using two-input single-output biquad filter and amplifiers. The condition and the frequency of oscillation of the shadow oscillator can be controlled electronically and independently using amplifiers. The circuit is designed in Cadence program using 0.18 µm CMOS technology from TSMC. The voltage supply is 0.5 V and the power consumption of the oscillator is 54 nW. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output signals is around 0.3% for 202 Hz. The simulation results are in accordance with theory.
Some properties of boundary layer flow during the transition from laminar to turbulent motion

Transition in the boundary layer on a flat plate is examined from the point of view of intermittent production of turbulent spots. On the hypothesis of localized laminar breakdown, for which there is some expermental evidence, Emmons’ probability calculations can be extended to explain the observed statistical similarity of transition regions. Application of these ideas allows detailed calculations of the boundary layer parameters including mean velocity profiles and skin friction during transition. The mean velocity profiles belong to a universal one-parameter family with the intermittency factor as the parameter. From an examination of experimental data the probable existence of a relation between the transition Reynolds number and the rate of production of the turbulent spots is deduced. A simple new technique for the measurement of the intermittency factor by a Pitot tube is reported.
Physical meaning of equivalent loss resistance of magnetic cores

The equivalent loss resistance of magnetic cores is analyzed on the basis of magnetic domain theory. The hysteresis resistance due to hysteresis loss is dependent on the variation of the Steinmetz constant. The eddy current resistance due to eddy current loss is strongly affected by the change of domain configurations and is described by an experimental parameter that depends on the number of domain walls, the resistivity of the material, and the dimensions of the core, all of which control the mechanism generating eddy current losses. >
PatchMixer: Rethinking network design to boost generalization for 3D point cloud understanding

The recent trend in deep learning methods for 3D point cloud understanding is to propose increasingly sophisticated architectures either to better capture 3D geometries or by introducing possibly undesired inductive biases. Moreover, prior works introducing novel architectures compared their performance on the same domain, devoting less attention to their generalization to other domains. We argue that the ability of a model to transfer the learnt knowledge to different domains is an important feature that should be evaluated to exhaustively assess the quality of a deep network architecture. In this work we propose PatchMixer, a simple yet effective architecture that extends the ideas behind the recent MLP-Mixer paper to 3D point clouds. The novelties of our approach are the processing of local patches instead of the whole shape to promote robustness to partial point clouds, and the aggregation of patch-wise features using an MLP as a simpler alternative to the graph convolutions or the attention mechanisms that are used in prior works. We evaluated our method on the shape classification and part segmentation tasks, achieving superior generalization performance compared to a selection of the most relevant deep architectures.
Energy budgets in pine forest

Hourly energy budgets measured in Thetford Forest, Norfolk, are analysed for seven fine days in months from May to September. Values found for the Bowen ratio β ranging from near 1 to 4 or more, are used to show that the bulk physiological resistance rST of the forest exhibits a consistent diurnal trend, from near 1·2 s cm−1 in the forenoon (once the trees are dry) to as much as 4 s cm−1 by late afternoon - consistent with independent biological measurements (Robins, personal communication). In contrast, the forest's bulk aerodynamic resistance r generally lies between 0·05 and 0·10 s cm−1. The ratio rST/r alone, of order 20:1, is shown to imply that transpiration from the forest must occur at rates much less dependent, primarily, on net radiation, Rn, than on ambient vapour pressure deficit (v.p.d.), (provided that the latter is not too small, i.e. ≮ 1 mb per 100 W m−2 of Rn, say); and also that the evaporation of intercepted rainfall from the trees must occur at about 5 times the corresponding transpiration rate under the same meteorological conditions. In addition, because lighter winds during fine weather tend to favour larger v.p.d's the observed decrease in transpiration rate with increasing wind speed is much larger than that expected from the accompanying decrease in r alone. Other conclusions are (i) that the storage associated with a 1° C change in air temperature per hour, within the canopy, is 18 W m−2, which is not always negligible, as it is for short vegetation; and (ii) that values derived for the dimensionless excess resistance parameter, B−1, although remarkably small, 2 to 3 for u* ∼ 0·75 m s−1, are commensurate with other bulk aerodynamic resistances in the system: accordingly, the easily-derived surface resistance parameter, rs, (Monteith 1965; Thom 1972) provides an estimate of rST for the forest within 10 per cent for all β > 0.
Missile Stability Using Finite Elements—an Unconstrained Variational Approach

The stability behavior of a flexible missile idealized as a free-free beam is studied using the finite-element technique. The structure is assumed to be under a constant thrust which, in turn, is subjected to a directional control device. A concentrated mass is included to model a piece of heavy machinery. The solution formulation - finite element in conjunction with unconstrained variational principles -is shown here to be general, simple to use, and effective to overcome the difficulties arising from nonconservative forces, concentrated mass, and feedback control features. As a basis of this approach, an unconstrained variational statement and the associated adjoint problems are introduced. Numerical results from this study reveal that 1) for a free-free beam under a constant thrust, there exists a nonzero mode which seems to have escaped previous investigators; 2) since this newly realized mode is the lowest nonzero mode and is divergent in nature, a missile structure is unstable without feedback control; and 3) depending on the amount and location of a concentrated mass, it can improve the stability behavior of a missile.
Phubbing: Suatu Degredasi Minat Belajar Siswa sebagai Dampak Media Sosial di Mi Dlauul Islam

One outcome of the development and sophistication of man-made science and technology is the internet. It provides many conveniences, social media being one of them. But regrettably, this sophistication affects how well students are educated. Student enthusiasm in learning is starting to decline as a result of the worst possible impact on education that social networking sites might have. This is important because it's possible that the student's motivation to learn is also declining because he cares more about his social network than his academic success. Our users need to be more intelligent in order to reduce the negative effects. Online savvy is the ability to use and handle internet technology responsibly, tailored to needs, and without transgressing moral principles or codes of conduct.
Cognitive and Behavioral Factors Predicting the Decision to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in Clinical Psychiatric Population—A Cross-Sectional Survey

The spread of the COVID-19 virus created more than a medical crisis, while it also negatively affected the mental health of the general population. This context increased the vulnerability of the psychiatric population. While research interest highly targeted vaccine hesitancy and acceptance, many studies focused on trust issues—both in vaccine efficacy and in communication with authorities. Less is known about the psychological underpinnings of the COVID vaccination decision, specifically in the high-uncertainty circumstances due to the novelty of the virus. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the predictive value of several cognitive (perceived risk, vulnerability, uncertainty, and trust in one’s decision) and behavioral (previous vaccinations, social media use, and practicing preventive behavior) factors, for the vaccination decision against COVID-19, for 252 psychiatric inpatients (data collected between September 2021 and February 2022). Demographics and diagnostics were also considered. We found a significant relationship between the “Perceived risk of vaccination” and the choice of vaccination (χ2(2, N = 252) = 58.59, p ≤ 0.001), and between the “Trust in own decision to vaccinate” and the decision to vaccinate (χ2(2, N = 252) = 31,5, p ≤ 0.001). The overall regression model was statistically significant (χ2 (9, N = 252) = 97.1, p < 0.001), with between 30% and 45% of the variance in the odds of a positive decision explained by the predictor set. The model coefficients analysis showed that an individual with a psychiatric disorder but with higher confidence in their decision had significant (p < 0.001) increased odds of the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 by 893%. A former voluntary vaccination did not significantly associate with the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19 (χ2(1, N = 252) = 2.74, p > 0.05) in this special population. No other behavioral factors, diagnosis, or demographics were significant as predictors, for the clinical psychiatric population surveyed, except the educational level. Implications for future vaccination acceptance of this special population are discussed.
Discrete time point-to-point control of flexible structures

The primary objective of this work is to investigate linear time invariant systems undergoing rest-to-rest maneuvers in a finite time using the discrete time domain approach. Using a given sampling period, the governing equations of linear systems are first discretized into the equivalent discrete time domain representation. To decouple the resulting difference equations, the system equations are converted into the Jordan canonical form by using a similarity transformation. The decoupled Jordan canonical equations are converted to a set of algebraic input/output equations with embedded end-point conditions, by a recursive approach. The optimal or suboptimal control profiles required to achieve the desired maneuver can be easily calculated through basic manipulation. The sensitivity of the design to the uncertainties in the system parameters is reduced by introducing sensitivity equations, and the design is found to be robust to these uncertainties.
Effects of Three Phase Lags on Generalized Thermoelasticity for an Infinite Medium with a Cylindrical Cavity

The present work is concerned with the effects of three-phase lags on thermoelastic interactions due to step input in temperature on the stress free boundary of a cylindrical cavity in an unbounded medium. The problem is studied in the context of theory of generalized thermoelasticity with three phase lags (Roychoudhuri, [24]) and the theory of thermoelasticity with energy dissipation (Green and Naghdi, [4]) in a unified way. Solution of the problem is obtained by using the Laplace transform technique. Significant dissimilarities between two models showing the effects of phase lags are pointed out on the basis of analytical as well as numerical results of the problem. A numerical method for the inversion of Laplace transform is employed.
Global stability of a larger class of dynamical neural networks

In this paper, we present a sufficient condition for the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the equilibrium point for a larger class of dynamical neural networks. It is shown that the diagonal dominance of the interconnection matrix guarantees the existence, uniqueness and GAS of the equilibrium point with respect to all nondecreasing activation functions.
Arithmetic Fuchsian groups with signature $(1; e)$

In the previous papers [17], [18] we determined all arithmetic triangle Fuchsian groups. The purpose of this paper is to determine all arithmetic Fuchsian groups with signature $($1; $e)$ . In \S 2, we prove that for arbitrary nonnegative integers $g$ and $t$ there exist finitely many arithmetic Fuchsian groups with signature $(g;e_{1}, e_{2}, \cdots , e_{t})$ up to $SL_{2}(R)$-conjugation (Theorem 2.1). In \S 3 we deal with arithmetic Fuchsian groups $\Gamma$ with signature (1; e) $(i.e$ . $g=1$ ,
Adaptive control of a class of first order nonlinear systems without a priori information on the plant parameters

An adaptive control for a class of first-order nonlinear systems is presented. The control scheme is free from singularities (i.e. division by zero). This has been achieved by appropriately modifying the plant parameter estimates before using them in the control input generation. The proposed control algorithm achieves global asymptotic model tracking and the control law's denominator is uniformly bounded away from zero without assuming any prior knowledge of the plant parameters. <<ETX>>
The interplay between T helper cells and brain barriers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) represent two complex structures protecting the central nervous system (CNS) against potentially harmful agents and circulating immune cells. The immunosurveillance of the CNS is governed by immune cells that constantly patrol the BCSFB, whereas during neuroinflammatory disorders, both BBB and BCSFB undergo morphological and functional alterations, promoting leukocyte intravascular adhesion and transmigration from the blood circulation into the CNS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototype of neuroinflammatory disorders in which peripheral T helper (Th) lymphocytes, particularly Th1 and Th17 cells, infiltrate the CNS and contribute to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Th1 and Th17 cells are considered key players in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. They can actively interact with CNS borders by complex adhesion mechanisms and secretion of a variety of molecules contributing to barrier dysfunction. In this review, we describe the molecular basis involved in the interactions between Th cells and CNS barriers and discuss the emerging roles of dura mater and arachnoid layer as neuroimmune interfaces contributing to the development of CNS inflammatory diseases.
An Overview of Specific Considerations in Chronic Venous Disease and Iliofemoral Venous Stenting

Unlike arterial disease, chronic venous disease (CVD) is rarely life-threatening or limb-threatening. However, it can impose substantial morbidity on patients by influencing their lifestyle and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this nonsystematic narrative review is to provide an overview of the most recent information on the management of CVD and specifically, iliofemoral venous stenting in the context of personalized considerations for specific patient populations. The philosophy of treating CVD and phases of endovenous iliac stenting are also described in this review. Additionally, the use of intravascular ultrasound is described as the preferred operative diagnostic procedural tool for iliofemoral venous stent placement.
New equations for electromagnetic scattering by small perturbations of a perfectly conducting surface

New equations are derived for the electromagnetic scattering produced by a small perturbation of a general perfectly conducting surface. These equations explicitly incorporate the magnetic field boundary condition on the general surface, which implies that the new Born term by itself leads to conventional backscatter formulas. The accuracy of the new equations is demonstrated by an example.
Fast Pressure-Sensitive Paint for Flow and Acoustic Diagnostics

The development and capabilities of fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint (fast PSP) are reviewed within the context of recent applications to aerodynamic and acoustic investigations. PSP is an optical technique for determining surface pressure distributions by measuring changes in the intensity of emitted light, whereas fast PSP is an extension applicable to unsteady flows and acoustics. Most fast PSP formulations are based on the development of porous binders that allow for rapid oxygen diffusion and interaction with the chemical sensor. This article reviews the development of porous binders, the selection of luminophore molecules suitable for unsteady testing, dynamic calibrations of PSP, data-acquisition methods, and noteworthy applications for flow and acoustic diagnostics. Calibrations of the dynamic response of fast PSP show a flat frequency response to at least 6 kHz, with some paint formulations exceeding a response of 1 MHz. Various applications of fast PSP are discussed that highlight the capabilities of the technique, and concluding remarks highlight the need for the future development of fast PSP.