Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An fNIRS examination of executive function in bilingual young children

Aims: The present study aims to examine: (1) the relationship between young children’s bilingualism and their performance in the Dimensional Card Change Sort (DCCS) task; and (2) whether prefrontal activation was associated with children’s bilingualism and executive function. Methodology: Children performed three sessions of the DCCS and their brain activity during the task was measured using functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Data and analysis: A sample of bilingual children (N = 49) was recruited from a preschool with an English immersion program. We examined whether children’s performance in the DCCS was related to their bilingualism and whether the changes in oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal regions were related to their bilingualism and performance in the DCCS. Findings/conclusions: Results showed that children’s English ability was significantly correlated with their behavioral performance in DCCS, and predicted children’s group membership (pass or perseverate). Furthermore, children in the pass group significantly activated the prefrontal cortex than those in the perseverate group, and activation in the prefrontal region was significantly correlated with children’s English ability. Originality: The current study first examined the effect of children’s bilingualism on their executive function and prefrontal activation.
On the origin of bilaterality : insights from the study of black corals (Cnidaria : Antipatharia)

The origin of body axis is one of the central themes on animal evolution. Usually regarded as an innovation of Bilateria, the bilateral symmetry is broadly distributed in the Anthozoan class of Cnidarians. The molecular basis of this Anthozoan bilaterality have been studied in Nematostella vectensis (Actiniaria), and the discovery that the BMP-pathway was differentially expressed along the secondary axis lead authors to presume that bilaterality was ancestral to the Cnidaria/Bilateria divergence (Finnerty et al. 2004, Matus et al. 2006), while Manuel (2009) preferred a convergence hypothesis based on comparative anatomy and phylogeny. In opposition to Bilateria, HOX genes have recently been shown to be differentially expressed along the secondary axis of N. vectensis. In order to do evolutive inferences from these results it is necessary to study the HOX genes and BMP genes expression patterns in other Anthozoan species. Our study with the antipatharian colonial species Antipathes caribbeana focuses on the detailed anatomy of the polyp, confirming the previously doubtful bilateral organization of its polyps. In order to compare Antipatharian species to N. vectensis, a comparison between the mesenteric formation and symmetries on the different groups of anthozoans is presented, allowing to establish the homology between their secondary axis. The study of the expression of HOX and BMP genes in A. caribbeana shows that they are, as in Nematostella, differentially expressed along the secondary axis. Reinforcing the idea that bilaterality is ancestral to the Cnidaria/Bilateria divergence and that HOX genes have a patterning role on the secondary axis of Anthozoans.
Genetic Differences and Variations in Slipper Lobster (Ibacus ciliatus) and Deep Sea Lobster (Puerulus sewelli) Determined by RAPD Analysis

We have isolated the genomic DNA for random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) from two geographic lobster species of Korea and the Indian Ocean. The complexity of the banding patterns varied dramatically between the primers and locales from the two locations. We used eight decamer and 20-mer primers to generate a total of 510 fragments in a species of Korean slipper lobster (Ibacus ciliatus), and 526 in a species of Indian Ocean deep sea lobster (Puerulus sewelli), with DNA fragment sizes ranging from 100 bp to 2,000 bp: 106 specific fragments (20.8%) in the Korean lobster species and 136 (25.9%) in the Indian Ocean species. 242 intra-species-specific fragments, with an average of 30.3 per primer, were observed in the Korean species. 187 fragments, with an average of 23.4 per primer, were identified in the Indian Ocean species. Especially, 132 intra-species-common fragments, with an average of 16.5 per primer, were observed in the Korean species. The OPA-18 decamer primer also generated inter-species-common DNA fragments, with sizes of approximately 150 bp, 200 bp, and 300 bp, respectively, in both the Korean and the Indian Ocean lobster species. The average bandsharing (BS) value of individuals within the Indian Ocean species (0.742 ± 0.009) was much higher than in the Korean lobster species (0.710 ± 0.009). The dendrogram obtained with the eight primers indicates two genetic clusters, designated cluster 1 (SLIPPER 01 ~ SLIPPER 11), and cluster 2 (DEEPSEA 12 ~ DEEPSEA 22). Ultimately, the longest genetic distance displaying significant molecular differences was determined to exist between the Korean and the Indian Ocean lobster species (genetic distance = 0.612).
The complete mitochondrial genome of Pelecanus occidentalis (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae) and its phylogenetic analysis

Abstract Pelecanus occidentalis, in the order Pelecaniformes, is one of the most abundant and widespread waterbird species in the coast of America. However, the phylogenetic relationships among Pelecaniformes, Suliformes, and Ciconiiformes remain unresolved, particularly in Pelecanidae and Ciconiidae. In this study, we first sequenced and described the complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of P. occidentalis. The whole genome of P. occidentalis was 17,315 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 21 transfer RNA genes, two ribosome RNA genes, and one non-coding control region. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA was 30.1% for A, 23.7% for T, 31.5% for C, and 14.6% for G, with a GC content of 46.1%. A phylogenetic tree confirmed that P. occidentalis (Pelecaniformes) was sister to C. boyciana (Ciconiiformes), and Ardeidae and Threskiornithidae were both monophyletic group. This information will be useful in the current understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Pelecaniformes.
The Role of Upper-Level Coupling on Great Plains Low-Level Jet Structure and Variability

The Great Plains (GP) southerly nocturnal low-level jet (GPLLJ) is a dominant contributor to the region’s warm-season (May–September) mean and extreme precipitation, wind energy generation, and severe weather outbreaks—including mesoscale convective systems. The spatiotemporal structure, variability, and impact of individual GPLLJ events are closely related to their degree of upper-level synoptic coupling, which varies from strong coupling in synoptic trough–ridge environments to weak coupling in quiescent, synoptic ridge environments. Here, we apply an objective dynamic classification of GPLLJ upper-level coupling and fully characterize strongly coupled (C) and relatively uncoupled (UC) GPLLJs from the perspective of the ground-based observer. Through composite analyses of C and UC GPLLJ event samples taken from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts’ Coupled Earth Reanalysis of the twentieth century (CERA-20C), we address how the frequency of these jet types, as well as their inherent weather- and climate-relevant characteristics—including wind speed, direction, and shear; atmospheric stability; and precipitation—vary on diurnal and monthly time scales across the southern, central, and northern subregions of the GP. It is shown that C and UC GPLLJ events have similar diurnal phasing, but the diurnal amplitude is much greater for UC GPLLJs. C GPLLJs tend to have a faster and more elevated jet nose, less low-level wind shear, and enhanced CAPE and precipitation. UC GPLLJs undergo a larger inertial oscillation (Blackadar mechanism) for all subregions, and C GPLLJs have greater geostrophic forcing (Holton mechanism) in the southern and northern GP. The results underscore the need to differentiate between C and UC GPLLJs in future seasonal forecast and climate prediction activities.
Distribution Network Design for E-Retailing Application: A Model Suggestion for Local Retailer in Izmir

Ezgi KARATAŞ YÜCEL a Emre BİLGİN SARI b a Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Department of Business Administration, Izmir, Turkey. ezgi.karatas@deu.edu. tr b Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Department of Business Administration, Izmir, Turkey. emre.bilgin@deu.edu. tr
THE EFFECT OF ORGANISATIONAL CLIMATE ON THE AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION

Organisational climate is expressed as the atmosphere/mood perceived indirectly or directly by the employees of the organisation. Organisational climate may be useful on several organisational variables, especially the behaviours and attitudes of the employees within the organisation. In this study, the organisational climate's effect on affective commitment and job satisfaction was investigated. The data were collected with a survey applied to 362 employees who were working in 4 or 5-star hotel enterprises in Adana and Mersin. Consequently, it was discovered that there is a significant positive relationship between the organisational climate, affective commitment (r=0,661; p<0.001) and job satisfaction (r=0,766; p<0.001) of the employees, and that the organisational climate affects the organisational commitment (R2=0,455) and job satisfaction (R2=0,596) levels of the employees in a positive way. Moreover, as a result of the multilinear regression analyses, the dimensions of organisational structure, rewarding, work environment and support, which are among the sub-dimensions of the organisational climate, were seen to play a role in the affective commitment and job satisfaction of the employees.
Estimating conservation metrics from atlas data: the case of southern African endemic birds

Summary The robust assessment of conservation status increasingly requires population metrics for species that may be little-researched, with no prospect of immediate improvement, but for which citizen science atlas data may exist. We explore the potential for bird atlas data to generate population metrics of use in red data assessment, using the endemic and near-endemic birds of southern Africa. This region, defined here as South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, is home to a large number of endemic bird species and an active atlas project. The Southern African Bird Atlas Projects (SABAP) 1 and 2 are large-scale citizen science data sets, consisting of hundreds of thousands of bird checklists and > 10 million bird occurrence records on a grid across the subcontinent. These data contain detailed information on species’ distributions and population change. For conservationists, metrics that guide decisions on the conservation status of a species for red listing can be obtained from SABAP, including range size, range change, population change, and range connectivity (fragmentation). We present a range of conservation metrics for these bird species, focusing on population change metrics together with an associated statistical confidence metric. Population change metrics correlate with change metrics calculated from dynamic occupancy modelling for a set of 191 common species. We identify four species with neither international nor local threatened status, yet for which bird atlas data suggest alarming declines, and two species with threatened status for which our metrics suggest could be reconsidered. A standardised approach to deciding the conservation status of a species is useful so that charismatic or flagship species do not receive disproportionate attention, although ultimately conservation status of any species must always be a consultative process.
Education, health behavior, and working conditions during the pandemic: evidence from a German sample

ABSTRACT Education is a main cause of health inequality because it influences health behavior as well as structural conditions that impact health, such as living and working conditions. We examine how different educational groups reacted to the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany by looking at health-related behavior – social distancing, increased hygiene, and mask wearing – as well as changes in working conditions – work from home, reduced working hours, and not working – as a structural indicator that can mitigate the risk of infection. More than three quarters of respondents in all educational groups complied with recommended social distancing and hand hygiene behaviors, and differences by education did not exceed ten percentage points. Regarding working conditions, highly educated respondents had a likelihood of over 45 percent to work from home during the pandemic. This number decreased to 17 and 11 percent for those with intermediate and low levels of education, respectively. It seems that education-based inequalities in the risk of infection with COVID-19 do not primarily stem from differences in health behavior but rather from structural causes, that is, inability to practice social distancing at work.
Land eco-security evaluation in the Shule River Basin during 2005–2014 in Gansu Province, China

ABSTRACT The Shule River Basin is an ecologically fragile area in arid zone. To understand the state of land eco-security, the Environment-Economic-Society model was applied to build a land eco-security evaluation index system in the Shule River Basin. An entropy-weighted and matter-element model was built for eco-security evaluation from 2005 to 2014. Principal component analysis was used to quantitatively study the limiting factors of land ecological security. The result showed: the direction of development of the state of land eco-security in the Shule River Basin from 2005 to 2014 was characterized by “unsafe (No4) → safe (No1),” and presented an upward trend. The land eco-security status during 2005–2007 was in the “Unsafe” state and the state changed to “Critical Safe” in 2008–2009, “Safer” in 2010–2011, but “Safe” in 2012–2014. The key factors that affected land eco-security in the Shule River Basin were Per Capita Arable Land, Forest Cover Rate, Per Capita Water Resources, Water Production Modulus, the Tertiary Industry Output Value, and GDP Ratio and Water Consumption. Among them, Forest Cover Rate and Water Production Modulus had the greatest impact, with principal component loads of up to 0.973 and 0.968, respectively. The result of this study is expected to serve as reference and support for the conservation and management of Shule River Basin to ensure sustainable development.
Rare earth elements in gneiss regoliths in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Regolith characterization in its entirety is particularly difficult in gneissic regoliths due to the heterogeneity of their rock structure. Rare earth elements (REE) are a useful tool in helping understand the evolution of regoliths. This study relates the mineralogy and weathering indexes of three gneisses regoliths (P1-leucocratic, P2-mesocratic and P3-melanocratic gneisses) to the distribution of REE at depth. In soil, clay activity, iron and manganese oxides, CaO, SiO2, P2O5, TiO2, Fe2O3, and MgO showed high positive correlation with REE. The absolute content of REE was enriched in mafic minerals. At the interface between the soil and saprolite, the sum of absolute REE content was greater in soil than in saprolite in P1, while the opposite pattern was found in P2 and P3. The sums of absolute REE in the whole profiles did not overlap between P1, P2 and P3, and the absolute concentration of Gadolinium (Gd) differentiated the three gneisses in all and every horizon/layer of their regoliths without overlapping values. Normalized REE content was greater in the subsurface of P1 due to Eu content in plagioclase, and fractionation had less variation when estimated by Light REE / Heavy REE (LREE/HREE) than by La/Yb, since the variation in REE is great in gneisses (due to the segregation of minerals into bands), and had low levels of association with the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) and the Weathering Index of Parker (WIP).
Özel Eğitimde İşitsel Teknoloji Koçluğu: Bug-in-Ear (BIE)

Teknolojideki gelismeler teknoloji temelli uygulamalarin egitim ortamlarinda islevsel bir bicimde kullanimini arttirmistir. Bu uygulamalardan biri olan isitsel teknoloji koclugu (Bug-in-ear [BIE]), uygulamacilara kocluk yapmak amaciyla kucuk, kablosuz iletisim materyalleri kullanarak uygulama sirasinda aninda geri bildirim vermeyi saglayan bir kocluk turudur. BIE ogretmenlerin, ogretmen adaylarinin, yardimci destek personelin etkili ogretim uygulamalarini yuksek uygulama guvenirligiyle gerceklestirmelerinde, ozel gereksinimli bireylerin cesitli beceri ve davranislari kazanmalarinda, surdurmelerinde ve genellemelerinde etkili olarak kullanilabilen uygulamalardan biridir. Bu calismada yarim asirdan fazladir ozel egitim alaninda da kullanilan BIE’nin ne oldugu, nasil uygulandigi, egitim ortamlarinda kullanilmasinin avantajlari ve sinirliliklarindan soz edilmis, ozel egitim alaninda BIE kullanilarak gerceklestirilen bazi arastirmalar hakkinda kisa aciklamalar yapilmistir. Son olarak ozel egitim alaninda BIE kullanimina iliskin uygulamacilara ve arastirmacilara onerilerde bulunulmustur.
Growth and biomass allocation in seedlings of rain-forest trees in New Caledonia: monodominants vs. subordinates and episodic vs. continuous regenerators

Abstract: Some species-rich secondary forests in New Caledonia have a monodominant canopy. Here we investigate growth and biomass allocation traits that might explain single-species’ dominance of these post-disturbance stands, and their later decline in the absence of large-scale disturbance. Seedlings of 20 rain-forest trees were grown in two light treatments in a nursery house. In the sun treatment, monodominants grew faster (56.7 ± 1.4 mg g−1 wk−1) than subordinates (40.2 ± 2.6 mg g−1 wk−1). However, some episodically regenerating (ER) subordinates had high growth rates similar to those of monodominants. In the shade treatment, monodominants and subordinates had similar growth rates (33.7 ± 2.6 and 34.0 ± 1.9 mg g−1 wk−1 respectively). Notably, monodominants in both sun and shade treatments had lower root mass fraction (0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.27 ± 0.02 g g−1 respectively) than subordinates (0.39 ± 0.02 and 0.37 ± 0.02 g g−1). Fast growth in sunny conditions is probably imperative for these relatively shade-intolerant ER monodominants. In field conditions, high shoot mass fraction combined with efficient root performance may facilitate faster growth in monodominants competing with other ER species in sunlit sites. Slower growth in shade may contribute to loss of dominance over time in undisturbed forests.
Moderate movement variability is optimal in massive practiced dart throws

Background and Study Aim. Movement variability is one of the fundamental topics concerning the control of human movement. In recent years, researches have focused on various aspects of variability, which has changed the noise to useful variable on human movement. Present study investigated movement variability level in high skilled dart players that repeated throws over many years. Material and Methods. Seven experienced dart players (three women and four men) were threw 36 darts in three sets (each set 12 throws) from a standard distance (2.37 meters), while the kinematic features of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist were recorded during the throws. Qualisys motion capture system with six cameras was used to record the kinematics of the elbow. Results: entropy analysis revealed that greater variability in movement angle, velocity and acceleration resulted in better dart throwing performance but after reach to this level, throw variability was decreased. The remarkable point in these findings was that variability was constant across all samples despite the varied range of experience in throwing darts from 2.37 meters distance. Entropy analysis showed that in the throws of highly experienced individuals, variation led to greater throwing efficiency. Conclusions: these findings suggest that variability in a throwing activity, which revealed that moderate movement variability results in optimal throwing performance when dart throw has massive amount of practice during many years.
Primary stability achieved during implant surgery and bone loss at recovery in patients of a private dental institution — A retrospective analysis

Implant stability plays a critical role for osseointegration, without osseointegration long term success cannot be achieved, primary stability occurs from mechanical attachment with the cortical bone. It is the gold standard for success of implants. This is a descriptive clinical study carried out in saveetha dental college andhospital, Poonamallee, Chennai. All thepatientswhounderwent single or two-unit implant surgery were selected. The study setting was done from university predominantly south Indian populations and data with regard to primary stability at placement, level of the implant with bone, crestal bone loss at stage 2 recovery were retrieved from the digital case sheets. Datawere enteredusing SPSS software, andChi-square testwasused for inferential analysis, with a P-value < 0.05 was said to be statistically signi icant. The results obtained indicatemore implants are placedwith primary stability in 30-40 Ncm(49.8%). More frequently placed crestal relation is equi crestal region (84.4%) and crestal bone loss was less than 1-2mm is seen(87.3%) at stage 2 recovery. The results were subjected to statistical chi-square test, and it is observed that primary stability at 30-40 Ncm or greater did not have any signi icant associationwith crestal bone loss. An equi crestal placement of the implant was preferred irrespective of implant type.
Maths Assistive Technology to Support Inclusion

Mathematics can be a challenging content area for all students and especially for students with disabilities. Assistive technology can support the access, participation and achievement of students with disabilities in mathematics in general and in inclusive mathematics settings in particular. In this chapter, assistive technology to academic and functional mathematics will be discussed; particularly, manipulatives, calculators and other technology-mediated mathematics interventions (e.g., apps or computer programs) will be highlighted.
Human resource development practices supporting creativity in Finnish growth organizations

Creativity can be enhanced through appropriate HRD practices that support employees’ learning and competence development. The aim of this study is to increase our understanding of human resource development (HRD) practices that enhance creativity in Finnish growth companies. To achieve this aim, we searched for creativity requirements based on employees’ experiences expressed in interviews, and we studied HRD practices used in organisations that respond to the requirements of creativity. We gathered 98 interviews from personnel in technology, industrial and artistic design organisations and utilised them for a theory-driven content analysis to identify the variety of requirements for creativity. We found that various HRD practices aligned with the requirements of creativity, including job design, teamwork, career development and everyday supervision and leadership. Thus, our findings indicate that HRD plays an important role in increasing creativity in the workplace and that it can best support creativity by taking the form of shared responsibilities in teams, clear career paths and everyday fair leadership.