Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic markers for identification of parasite population in Plasmodium 1

Molecular genotyping in Plasmodium serves many aims including providing tools for studying 20 parasite population genetics and distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection. Microsatellite 21 typing, insertion-deletion (INDEL) and single nucleotide polymorphisms is used for genotyping, 22 but only limited information is available for P. malariae , an important human malaria species. 23 This study aimed to provide a set of genetic markers to facilitate the study of P. malariae 24 population genetics. Methods Markers for microsatellite genotyping and merozoite surface protein ( pmmsp1) gene were developed in was to calculate multiplicity and 14 unique variants. The size of VNTR consensus repeat unit adopted as allele was 27 base pairs. 40 The markers Pm12_426 and pmmsp1 showed greatest diversity with heterozygosity scores of 41 0.920 and 0.835, respectively. Using six microsatellites markers, the likelihood that any two 42 parasite strains would have the same microsatellite genotypes was 8.46 × 10 -4 and was further 43 reduced to 1.66 × 10 -4 when pmmsp1 polymorphisms were included. Six novel microsatellites genotyping markers and a set of pmmsp1 VNTR-based INDEL 46 polymorphisms markers for P. malariae were developed and validated. Each marker could be 47 independently or in combination employed to access genotyping of the parasite. The newly 48 developed markers may serve as a useful tool for investigating parasite diversity, population 49 genetics, molecular epidemiology and for distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection in drug 50 efficacy studies. 51 52
Association of Diabetes with Various Risk Factors

Objective: To investigate the association of possible risk factors with Diabetes Mellitus in Population of Rawalpindi. Patients & Methods: This case control study was conducted in Rawalpindi. A total of 99 cases of diabetes from OPD and 101 healthy controls from blood banks were included in the study. Self-developed closed ended questionnaires were used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: A total of 200 respondents (cases and controls) were selected for this study. Results were interpreted in the form of odds ratio (OR) and p-value. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. OR for age group (41-50 yrs) was 8.3 indicating that there were 8.3 times more chances of having Diabetes mellitus in this age group as compared to age group of 21-30 years. Males had a 4.4 times higher chances of getting Diabetes Mellitus as compared to females. While OR revealed that there were 12.7 times more chance of getting Diabetes Mellitus with positive family history as compared to negative family history. Conclusion: Main risk factors identified in this study were age group 41-50 years, male gender and positive family history of Diabetes Mellitus.
Probabilistic metrology defeats ultimate deterministic bound

Quantum-enhanced measurements exploit quantum mechanical effects to provide ultra-precise estimates of physical variables for use in advanced technologies, such as frequency calibration of atomic clocks, gravitational waves detection, and biosensing. Quantum metrology studies the fundamental limits in the estimation precision given a certain amount of resources (e.g. the number of probe systems) and restrictions (e.g. limited interaction time, or coping with unavoidable presence of noise). Here we show that, even in the presence of noise, probabilistic measurement strategies (which have a certain probability of failure or abstention) can provide, upon a heralded successful outcome, estimates with a precision that violates the deterministic bounds. This establishes a new ultimate quantum metrology limit. For probe systems subject to local dephasing, we quantify such precision limit as a function of the probability of failure that can be tolerated. We show that the possibility of abstaining can substantially set back the detrimental effects of noise.
Impact of Long-Term Storage on Alfalfa Leaf and Stem Silage Characteristics

: Fractionation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) into leaves and stems can reduce cutting frequency while producing a high-value feedstuff. A difﬁculty with fractionation is the higher moisture content at ensiling due to the inability to wilt leaves without substantial dry matter loss or ﬁnancial cost. To evaluate whether the silage quality of fractionated alfalfa is competitive with conventional methods under long-term storage conditions, high-moisture leaves (250–280 g · kg − 1 dry matter, DM) and stems (190–240 g · kg − 1 DM) were ensiled for 21 and 350 days and compared to wilted whole-plant silage for two alfalfa developmental stages. At 21 days, leaf and whole-plant silage fermentation characteristics indicated suitable lactic acid bacterial fermentation through decreased pH, high lactic acid–to-acetic acid ratio, and a lack of clostridial fermentation. At 350 days, leaf silage fermentation and nutritional quality decreased due to sustained proteolysis, but true protein still exceeded that of whole-plant silage. High-moisture stem fractions fermented poorly; at 21 days, stage 3 stems had signiﬁcant amounts of butyric acid, while stage 5 stems became clostridial at 350 days. Long-term storage of high-moisture leaf silages can produce good-quality silage despite exceeding moisture contents typically recommended for alfalfa, while wilting is required for stem silages.
Plant and Plant Products for Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis: A Green Revolution in Nanobiotechnology

— lants have been of great value throughout human history. Many of the herbs and spices used by humans to season food also have the capacity to produce compounds which are not only of medicinal importance but also have the catalytic activity in certain chemical and biological reactions. This green nanotechnology includes the use of plant products which are easily biodegradable thus curtailing potential environmental and human health risks. India herbal technology is in use since prehistoric time leading to the fundamentals of Ayurveda. Nowadays plants and their products are used in green chemistry to produce metallic nanoparticles. Plants have certain metabolites which act as reducing and stabilizing agents thus helping in the reduction of aqueous silver. Metallic silver in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has made a remarkable comeback due to its diverse medical applications. The AgNPs fabricated using plants are less hazardous more biodegradable compared to the AgNPs synthesized using convection physical and chemical methods. In our study we have screened 40 different plants which includes trees, weeds, biowaste, Indian spices, herbs, shrubs, etc which are found in Agra city and can be exploited for the synthesis of AgNPs. The change in color signifies the production of AgNPs and growth of nanoparticle was monitored by surface plasmon behavior using UV-Vis Spectroscopy between the range 300nm and 700nm. Majority of the spectral peaks were between the 420 to 430nm. The selection of the plants was done on the basis of incubation time. The plants which show fastest color change tend to reduce silver nitrate more. Hitherto, this is the first report on the synthesis of AgNPs using 40 different plants and plants product.
Negative Selection Thymocyte Interactions that Support - Signaling Characterize Thymocyte Stable Interactions and Sustained TCR

Negative selection is one of the primary mechanisms that render T cells tolerant to self. Thymic dendritic cells play an important role in negative selection, in line with their ability to induce migratory arrest and sustained TCR signals. Thymocytes themselves display self-peptide/MHC class I complexes, and although there is evidence that they can support clonal deletion, it is not clear whether they do so directly via stable cell–cell contacts and sustained TCR signals. In this study, we show that murine thymocytes can support surprisingly efﬁcient negative selection of Ag-speciﬁc thymocytes. Furthermore, we observe that agonist-dependent thymocyte– thymocyte interactions occurred as stable, motile conjugates led by the peptide-presenting thymocyte and in which the trailing peptide-speciﬁc thymocyte exhibited persistent elevations in intracellular calcium concentration. These data conﬁrm that self-Ag presentation by thymocytes is an additional mechanism to ensure T cell tolerance and further strengthen the correlation between stable cellular contacts, sustained TCR signals, and efﬁcient negative selection. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000. he importance of T cell tolerance is evidenced by the fact that its breakdown leads to devastating autoimmune dis-eases. Thus, there exist several overlapping mechanisms to ensure that self-reactive T cells are eliminated or held in check.
STUDY OF COMPARING RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH CYCLOSPORINE-A (CSA) ALONE VERSUS THE COMBINATION OF ANTITHYMOCYTE GLOBULIN (ATG) AND CYCLOSPORINE-A IN PATIENTS WITH APLASTIC ANEMIA

Introduction : Aplastic anemia (AA) is a syndrome characterized by peripheral pancytopenia with hypocellular marrow. Acquired idiopathic aplastic anemia is the most common variety, and its treated with cyclosporine-A, or Antithymocytic globulin or with Bone marrow transplantation. Aim: Study of comparing response to treatment with CSA alone versus the combination of ATG + CSA in aplastic anemia patients. Materials and Methods : This study was a prospective randomized study, conducted after getting approval from Institution ethical committee and conducted over 18 months. All patients underwent a detailed clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Diagnosed patients of acquired idiopathic aplastic anemia without active infection, otherwise not eligible for bone marrow transplantation were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive either CSA alone or the combination of ATG and CSA according to their choice. Assessment of response to therapy was made at the end of 3 months. Observations and Results: After the diagnosis, 31 patients were enrolled. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 65years. Male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The average duration of symptoms before presentation was 8 months. Almost all the patients were requiring regular component support with packed red cells and platelets before starting therapy. 20 patients were randomized to receive CSA. Out of 20, 3 patients were lost to follow up due to financial constraints and 1 patient discontinued therapy due to renal dysfunction, finally 16 patients were analyzed. In this group 9 out of 16 (56.5%) responded to treatment. 11 patients were assigned to ATG & CSA group. 3 patients died within two months of therapy, these were excluded from the study, and finally 8 patients were analyzed. In this group 5 out of 8 (62.5%) responded. Conclussion: CSA treatment is as efficacious as ATG+CSA combination therapy for acquired idiopathic aplastic anemia, otherwise not eligible for BMT from HLA-identical siblings.
High-order higdon non-reflecting boundary conditions for the linearized euler equations

In this report we document the implementation of high-order Higdon nonreflecting boundary conditions. We suggest a way to choose the parameters and demonstrate numerically the efficiency of our choice. The model we used is the linearized 2-D Euler equations with zero advection. These equations are solved by the finite difference method. We close with a list of topics for research. 1. Statement of the Problem Consider the linearized Euler equations in an infinite domain. For simplicity we assume that the domain has a flat bottom and that there is no advection and no Coriolis effect, although these assumptions may be removed in future studies. A Cartesian coordinate system (x, y) is introduced, as shown in the figure.
Numerical Methods for Solving Least Squares Problems.

Abstract : We have studied a number of computational problems in numerical linear algebra. Most of these problems arise in statistical computations. They include the following: (1) Application of the conjugate gradient method to nonorthogonal analysis of variance; (2) Use of orthogonalization procedures in geodetic problems; (3) Algorithms for computing sample variance; (4) Truncated Newton methods; and (5) Imposing Curvature Restrictions on Flexible Functional Forms. (Author).
Ergodicité et équidistribution en courbure négative

Considerant un groupe d'isometries discret agissant sur un espace CAT(-1), nous etablissons successivement, par des methodes nouvelles et elementaires, un theoreme d'ergodicite du feuilletage horospherique associe, le melange du flot geodesique, l'equidistribution des points orbitaux du groupe, avec premier terme asymptotique exponentiel de la fonction orbitale, l'equidistribution des geodesiques fermees primitives avec, dans le cas geometriquement fini, leur denombrement asymptotique. Enfin, nous demontrons un theoreme general d'unique ergodicite du feuilletage horospherique pour les groupes a mesure de Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan finie. Ces divers resultats sont nouveaux dans leur generalite.
PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS

Background: Anemia is one of the most common diseases affecting children in general . Aims: to identify the prevalence of anemia cases among children under 5 years old and, the factors are associated with anemia under 5 years. Method: A cross-sectional health facility-based study was conducted among children aged under five years attending at primary health center from November 2018 to end of February 2019. Convenient random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Pretested and structured questionnaires were used to collect socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the family and child, feeding practice and other risk factors by interviewing mother/caregivers of the child. Data were entered in computer by using SPSS statistical software (statistic package of social scientific) version 14.01 to obtain frequency tables and cross tabulation with figures to illustrate the results and X(chi-squares) for analytic and with p value . 0.05 has indicator for significant. Results: The highest frequency of anemic cases 24% still in the age groups 1 years, followed by 22% in the ages 2-3 years and the lowest frequency13% in the 4 years old. 22% of samples had a weight range from 0 to 9 kg, 54% of mothers had using the food for child eating, 77% of mothers had a normal delivery , 52% of mothers had not complication during the pregnancy stage . Highly significant relationship has been found between the mothers age groups and complication p=0.000. Conclusion: Higher rate of children with anemia still in the age 1 year old. Eating foods to child is common. Type of delivery were normal are common. Education to parents and health education to the community are also important strategies to reduce the burden of anaemia. Consumer education is also recommended to encourage the use of diversified diets including iron-rich foods and fruits that contain vitamin C that enhances iron absorption.
EFFECT OF N+K FERTILIZATION AND FOLIAR SPRAY WITH SOME ANTIOXIDANTS ON DRY WEIGHT, YIELD AND STORABILITY OF GARLIC PLANTS

: The present work was carried out in Vegetable Private Farm at Al-Blashon, Belbies District, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during two successive winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, to evaluate the effect of N and K 2 O rates, ascorbic acid (Vitam. C) and salicylic acid (SA) on dry weight, yield and storability of garlic (cv Balady) under clay soil conditions using surface irrigation system. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: The interaction between N+K at 80 kg N + 75 kg K 2 O/fad. , and foliar spray of Vitam. C at 100 mg/l gave the highest value for each of dry weight of leaves and bulb as well as total dry weight/plant, yield of grades 1, 2, 3 and 4, exportable yield, marketable yield, total yield/fad. , average bulb weight and reduced weight loss percentage of bulbs during storage period in both seasons.
in Mice Function and Enhances Antibody Production T Cells Restores Cognate T Cell Helper Ex Vivo Enzymatic Treatment of Aged CD4

Previous in vitro studies showed that CD4 T cells from old mice have defects in TCR signaling, immune synapse formation, activation, and proliferation. We reported that removing a speciﬁc set of surface glycoproteins by ex vivo treatment with O sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (OSGE) can reverse many aspects of the age-related decline in CD4 T cell function. However, the speciﬁc mechanism by which this process occurs remains unclear, and it is unknown whether this enzymatic treatment can also restore important aspects of adaptive immunity in vivo. By using an in vivo model of the immune response based on adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells from pigeon cytochrome C–speciﬁc transgenic H-2(k/k) TCR-V a 11 V b 3 CD4 + mice to syngeneic hosts, we demonstrate that aging diminishes CD28 costimulatory signals in CD4 T cells. These age-associated defects include changes in phosphorylation of AKT and expression of glucose transporter type I, inducible T cell costimulatory molecule, and CD40L, suggesting that the lack of CD28 costimulation contributes to age-dependent loss of CD4 function. All of these deﬁcits can be reversed by ex vivo OSGE treatment. Blocking B7–CD28 interactions on T cells prevents OSGE-mediated restoration of T cell function, suggesting that changes in surface glycosylation, including CD28, may be responsible for the age-related costimulation decline. Finally, we show that the age-related decline in CD4 cognate helper function for IgG production and long-term humoral immunity can also be restored by OSGE treatment of CD4 T cells prior to adoptive transfer. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 189: 000–000. ﬂuorescence than did those from young donors (36 and 48%, respectively; p = 0.009). These results suggest that age reduces the association of CD28 with the TCR complex following T cell stimulation. OSGE treatment of CD4 T cells from old donors led to signiﬁcant enhancement of CD28 association with the TCR complex (untreated old = 36%, OSGE-treated old = 76%; p = 0.0003). These results suggest that OSGE treatment might enhance CD28 signaling in CD4 T cells from old mice by increasing recruitment of CD28 to the TCR complex. of AKT kinase and Glut-1 in vivo, and OSGE
Improvement of Amylase Production by UV Mutagenesis of Aspergillus flavus FSS63 under Solid State Fermentation

Enhancement of the amylase productivity by Aspergillus flavus was investigated. Spores of strain were exposed to ultraviolet (UVC) radiation and 10 different mutants were selected and isolated from starch plate agar on the basis of the visible clearance zone around the colonies. The amylase production by selected mutants was evaluated under solid state fermentation. One mutant of A. flavus FSS63UV8 showed higher biosynthesis level of amylase (733 IU/g), which was 3.35 fold higher than that detected in the parental strain. Physical parameters optimisation revealed that the optimum pH and temperature for amylase production obtained by mutant are 7.0 and 35°C, respectively. Among several tested agricultural wastes , wheat bran was found to support the highest yield of amylase after 5 days of incubation . A. flavus FSS63UV8 strain proved to be a promising microorganism for a high amylase production in a simple medium.
Project-Based Active Learning Techniques Enhance Computer Programming Academic and Career Self-Efﬁcacy of Undergraduate Biomedical Engineering Students

S. Cyrus Rezvanifar is a Ph.D. student in Biomedical Engineering at The University of Akron. He has also served as a research assistant in Cleveland Clinic Akron General since 2016, where he conducts research on biomechanics of human knee joint and patellar instability. In 2016, he received a doctoral teaching fellowship from the College of Engineering at The University of Akron. Through this teaching program, he has served as an instructor for several undergraduate-level courses, and he has conducted educational research on the effect of various learning techniques on improving students’ self-efficacy and overall learning experience.
In vitro evaluation of different fungicides against Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose of green gram

A study has been conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur on evaluation of new fungicide molecules against Colletotrichum truncatum , causing anthracnose of green gram. Seven systemic, seven contact and seven combi fungicides were evaluated against C. truncatum under in vitro by poison food technique. Among the contact fungicides, propineb 70% WP was recorded highest mean mycelial inhibition (82.71%) followed by copper oxy chloride 50% WP (78.51%). Among the systemic fungicides, thiophanate methyl and triazole group of fungicides like propiconazole 25% EC, difenoconazole 25% EC and tebuconazole 25.9% EC recorded highest mycelial inhibition of C. truncatum at all the three concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%). Among the combi fungicides, cent per cent inhibition was recorded in tricyclazole 18% + mancozeb 62% WP and carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP at 0.3 per cent concentration.
Intracellular Na 1 and K 1 distribution in Debaryomyceshansenii. Cloning and expression in Saccharomycescerevisiae ofDhNHX1

Debaryomyces hansenii is a salt-tolerant yeast that contains high amounts of internal Na 1 . Debaryomyces hansenii kept more sodium than Saccharomyces cerevisiae in both the cytoplasm and vacuole when grown under a variety of NaCl concentrations. These results indicate a higher tolerance of Debaryomyces to high internal Na 1 , and, in addition, suggest the existence of a transporter driving Na 1 into the vacuole. Moreover, a gene encoding a Na 1 (K 1 )/H 1 antiporter from D. hansenii was cloned and sequenced. The gene, designated DhNHX1 , exhibited signiﬁcant homology with genes of the NHE/NHX family. DhNHX1 expression was induced neither at low pH nor by extracellular NaCl. A mutant of S. cerevisiae lacking its own Na 1 transporters ( ena1-4 D nha1 D nhx1 D ), when transformed with DhNHX1 , partially recovered cation tolerance as well as the ability to accumulate Na 1 and K 1 into the vacuole. Our analysis provides evidence that Dh Nhx1p transports Na 1 (and K 1 ) into the vacuole and that it can play an important role in ion homeostasis and salt tolerance.