Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A survey of the recreational rock-angling fishery at Port Elizabeth, on the south-east coast of South Africa

A recreational rock-angling fishery on South Africa's Eastern Cape coast was studied on the basis of random sampling which aimed at removing the sample bias usually associated with such studies. The fishery is primarily recreational and catch per unit effort is low (202,J g·angler-hour -1). A total of 27 teleosts was recorded, the most important of which were Pomatomus saltatrix (74,7 g. h-1). Sparodon durbanensis (30,3 g. h-1), Diplodus sargus capensis (19,4 g. h-1) and Pachymetopon grande (12,6 g. h-l). Seven cartilaginous species were caught, of which MUSlelus mustelus (I6,6 g. h-1) was the most important. Sharks were either discarded or returned to the sea. Catches of most species were seasonal, a result of both availability of fish and targeting of angler effort. Despite considerable overlap in the catch between this and the commercial sector of the linefishery, a number of species may be considered primarily recreational. Management of such species is discussed and the importance of long-term data series to the management of the resource is recognized.
Survival implication of lymphadenectomy in patients surgically treated for apparent early-stage uterine serous carcinoma

Objective Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a rare highly aggressive disease. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the survival implication of the systematic lymphadenectomy in patients who underwent surgery for apparent early-stage USC. Methods Consecutive patients with apparent early-stage USC surgically treated at six Italian referral cancer centers were analyzed. A comparison was made between patients who underwent retroperitoneal staging including at least pelvic lymphadenectomy “LND” vs. those who underwent hysterectomy alone “NO-LND”. Baseline, surgical and oncological outcomes were analyzed. Kaplan- Meier curves were calculated for disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Associations were evaluated with Cox proportional hazard regression and summarized using hazard ratio (HR). Results One hundred forty patients were analyzed, 106 LND and 34 NO-LND. NO-LND group (compared to LND group) included older patients (median age, 73 vs.67 years) and with higher comorbidities (median Charlson Comorbidity Index, 6 vs. 5) (p<0.001). No differences in terms of recurrence rate (LND vs. NO-LND, 33.1% vs. 41.4%; p=0.240) were observed. At Cox regression analysis lymphadenectomy did not significantly influence DFS (HR=0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.32–1.08; p=0.09), and DSS (HR=0.14; 95% CI=0.02–1.21; multivariable analysis p=0.07). Positive node was independently associated with worse DFS (HR=6.22; 95% CI=3.08–12.60; p<0.001) and DSS (HR=5.51; 95% CI=2.31–13.10; p<0.001), while adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved DFS (HR=0.38; 95% CI=0.17–0.86; p=0.02) and age was independently associated with worse DSS (HR=1.07; 95% CI=1.02–1.13; p<0.001). Conclusions Although lymphadenectomy did not show survival benefits in patients who underwent surgery for apparent early-stage USC, the presence of lymph node metastasis was the main adverse prognostic factors, supporting the prognostic role of the retroperitoneal staging also in this histological subtype.
Secondary soil salinization in urban lawns: Microbial functioning, vegetation state, and implications for carbon balance

Deicing agents cause soil salinization and degradation in urban areas. We assessed the capacity of urban lawns to maintain carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling with increasing soil salinity. The sensitivity to soil salinity of the main ecosystem players: plants and microorganisms were assessed considering their complex interactions between each other and environment. The effects of low and moderate soil salinization by common deicing agent (NaCl) were evaluated in mesocosms planted with two urban lawns: Lolium perenne and mixture of grasses. Mesocosm‐, plant‐, and soil‐level gas exchange were assessed on a short‐term (days) and long‐term (months) scales. Microbial response was characterized by analyzing the microbial properties and activities of nine enzymes. Carbon balance remained independent on the salinity due to cancelling effect of lowered gross primary production (GPP, −20%), decreased C input by plants into the soil (−40% for mixture) balanced by slower microbial decomposition of organic matter (−20%) and so, lower soil respiration (−35%). GPP declined as a long‐term response by a combination of stomatal constraint on photosynthesis with leaf respiration increase. Toxic effects of salinization on soil respiration were observed only for temperatures above 15°C. Microbial community with high C:N ratio (common for fungi) was the most sensitive to salinization. The death of microbial biomass (−31% for Lolium) and cell lysis increased soil enzyme activities (+38% for Lolium). We conclude that C balance of urban lawns remain homeostatic at secondary salinization. Temperature effects and plant‐microbial interactions will determine C and nutrients cycling under salinity stress in urban lawns.
Short-term Effect of Thinning on Pinus sylvestris Damage and Sporulation Caused by Cronartium flaccidum

The short-term effect of thinning on cronartium rust on Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated in a stand of Scots pine (artificially seeded and in the pole-stage) severely infected by the stem-rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein) G. Winter. The disease rate (the number of old and fresh infections) was recorded before thinning, after which all trees with a resin-top as well as all individual branches with sporulating lesions were removed from the thinned plots, while the comparison plots remained non-thinned. The numbers of sporulating lesions were recorded on the plots annually for 2-5 yrs after thinning. Thinning had no significant short-term effect on the year-to-year relative number of sporulating lesions. The relative number of sporulating lesions, however, increased in both thinned and nonthinned trees, varying significantly from year to year. Thinning had no significant effect on the year of formation of the shoot bearing annual sporulating lesions, the duration of sporulation or the growth of the fungus along the infected shoot in perennial lesions during the first 5 yrs after the treatment.
Sensitization of Neuronal Cells to Oxidative Stress with Mutated Human α‐Synuclein

Abstract: Linkage of α‐synuclein (α‐SN) mutations tofamilial Parkinson's disease (PD) and presence of α‐SN as a majorconstituent of Lawy body in both sporadic and familial PD implicate α‐SNabnormality in PD pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate that overexpression ofwild‐type or mutant α‐SN does not cause any deleterious effect on thegrowth or continued propagation of transfected human cells, but overproductionof mutant α‐SN heightens their sensitivity to menadione‐inducedoxidative injury. Such enhanced vulnerability is more pronounced in neuronaltransfectants than in their nonneuronal counterparts and is associated withincreased production of reactive oxygen species. The data suggest that mutatedα‐SN, especially with an alanine‐to‐proline substitution at residue 30,sensitizes neuronal cells to oxidative damage.
Implications of botulism outbreaks in gulls (Larus ridibundus) on the Watershed Management of Lake Kinneret (Israel)

Lake Kinneret (Israel), which currently supplies 30% of the national water demands (of which 50% is for domestic purposes), is also utilized for commercial fishery, recreation, and tourism. The measures taken to prevent pollution include, among others, sewage and fish pond waste removal, and burial of industrial and household solid wastes at established garbage dumps. On January 13, 1985, hundreds of dead and moribund gulls (Larus ridibundus) were observed on the shoreline and water surface at the northwest part of the lake, and around the northern garbage dump site. Sick birds exhibited signs that the nervous system was involved, i.e., paralysis of the wings and of the feet, and limberneck. Routine analyses ruled out the possibility that the poisoning was due to pesticides or an infective agent. Botulism intoxication was suspected and type C-botulism toxin was identified in the serum of moribund birds. This is the first record of a botulism outbreak in waterfowl in Israel. The total mortality was approximately 3000–4000 gulls, of which 1200 dead birds were collected and burnt. Investigations revealed that at a garbage dump situated in the vicinity of the lake, waste products of a chicken slaughter house were not buried as required by formal regulations. Examination of lake water, sediments, and vegetations for possible contamination by botulism toxin were negative. The implications of the outbreak on the environment are discussed.
Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of α-tocopherol in a linoleic acid-copper(II)-ascorbate system

The peroxidation of linoleic acid (LA) in the absence and presence of either Cu(II) ions alone or Cu(II)-ascorbate combination was investigated in aerated and incubated emulsions at 37°C and pH 7. LA peroxidation induced by either copper(II) or copper(II)-ascorbic acid system followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary (aldehydes- and ketones-like) oxidation products, detected by ferric-thiocyanate and TBARS tests, respectively. α-Tocopherol showed both antioxidant and prooxidant effects depending on concentration and also on the simultaneous presence of Cu(II) and ascorbate. Copper(II)-ascorbate combinations generally led to distinct antioxidant behavior at low concentrations of α-tocopherol and slight prooxidant behavior at high concentrations of α-tocopherol, probably associated with the recycling of tocopherol by ascorbate through reaction with tocopheroxyl radical, while the scavenging effect of α-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation was maintained as long as ascorbate was present. On the other hand, in Cu(II) solutions without ascorbate, the antioxidant behavior of tocopherol required higher concentrations of this compound because there was no ascorbate to regenerate it. Practical applications: Linoleic acid (LA) peroxidation induced by either copper(II) or copper(II)-ascorbic acid system followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary (e.g., aldehydes and ketones) oxidation products. α-Tocopherol showed both antioxidant and prooxidant effects depending on concentration and also on the simultaneous presence of Cu(II) and ascorbate. The findings of this study are believed to be useful to better understand the actual role of α-tocopherol in the preservation of heterogenous food samples such as lipid emulsions. Since α-tocopherol (vitamin E) is considered to be physiologically the most important lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant of human cell membranes, the results can be extended to in vivo protection of lipid oxidation.
Histological Studies on Digestive System Development and Early Feeding Activity of Pangasius Hybrid Larvae

A bstract This study was conducted to investigate the digestive system development and early feeding activity of Pangasius hybrid larvae. Four crossbreeding program in triplicate were examined between Pangasi us hypopthalmus and Pangasi us nasutus . Results showed that the digestive systems of both hybrid larvae were poorly developed immediately after hatching. The digestive system of the newly hatched larvae consisted of straight undifferentiated tube and anus still closed. The gastro intestinal tract, liver and pancreas were formed and developed by 2-dAH. The zymogen granules were also observed in the pancreas and thus imply that function of pancreas started before the exogenous feeding period. Gastric glands were only present and started to secrete enzyme on 6-dAH. Artemia were first seen in digestive tract of the larvae at 54-hAH. However, onset of exogenous feeding was detected at 60-hAH, whereas stomach became enlarged with isometric epithelium cells, which were different from the elongated cells in the intestinal part. Keywords: Pangasius, hybrid, digestive system, histology
Mineral content in range forages from north Mexico

Native forages such as trees Quercus eduardii and Quercus grisea; shrubs such as Atriplex canescens, Acacia constricta, Acacia shaffneri, Cassia wislizeni, Celtis pallida, Condalia lycioides, Cordia parvifolia, Flourencia cernua, Larrea tridentata, Mimosa biuncifera and Prosopis leavigata; forbs such as Coldenia greggii, Dalea bicolor, Jatropha dioica and Parthenium incanum; cacti such as Opuntia imbricata, Opuntia leptocaulis and Opuntia leucotricha; red and white fruits from O. leucotricha; fruits from O. leptocaulis, O. imbricata and A. canescens; pods from P. leavigata; pods from A. shaffneri and flowers from Yucca spp. were collected to estimate and compare the mineral content. Plant samples were collected during the dry and wet seasons of two consecutive years (2006–2007) at seven locations situated in four counties of the state of Durango, Mexico. All macrominerals and trace elements were significantly different among plants within each group of plants. The Ca, Mg, K, Fe and Mn content of most plants were in sufficient amounts to satisfy adult range requirements; however, P, Na, Cu and Zn resulted with marginal deficiencies.
Body mass and condition of a fynbos bird community: investigating impacts of time, weather and raptor abundance from long-term citizen- science datasets

Variation in body size, especially mass, is a function of local environmental conditions for any given species. Recent recorded decreases in body size of endotherms have been attributed to climate change in some cases. This prediction is based on the trend of smaller body size of endotherms in warmer climates (Bergmann’s rule) and it implies genetic responses rather than phenotypic flexibility. Alternatively, selection for smaller body size or lower mass could be explained by the starvation-predation hypothesis, where lighter individuals have a higher probability of escaping pursuing predators, such as raptors. Evidence that climate warming is driving patterns of size selection in birds in recent times has been mixed. We inspected data on 40 bird species contributed by bird ringers to the South African Ringing Scheme (SAFRING) for changes in body mass and condition as a function of time (year), minimum temperature of the day of capture, maximum temperature of the previous day, and rainfall data in the south-western Cape Floristic Region (fynbos) around Cape Town, South Africa, for the period 1988–2015. The region shows a warming trend over the study period (0.035 °C yr−1). Interannual body mass and condition change were poorly explained by year or temperature. High daily minimum temperature explained loss of body condition for four species, whereas evidence from recaptured birds indicated negative effects of increasing maximum daily temperature, as well as rain. For the alternative hypothesis, because raptor abundance is stable or only weakly declining, there is little evidence to suggest these as a driver influencing mass trends. Any decrease in body mass over the study period that we observed for birds appear more likely to be plastic responses to stress associated with temperature or rainfall at this time, rather than systematic selection for smaller body size, as predicted by Bergmann’s Rule.
A Theoretical Need for Applying Flipped Learning to STEAM Education

The goal of education used to be to train individuals to have certain skills and knowledge in order that they may have a higher chance of success in the future. Due to the rapid technological advancement in the last century and since the start of the new millennial, the future is more unpredictable. The goal of education now is to train individuals to be flexible and adaptable to the unpredictable future (Rychen & Salganik, 2003). In parallel with such a change, the need for pedagogical research has also increased (Evensen & Hmelo, 2000). What is more important is that in the face of these changes, the limitations of existing teaching and learning methods are being revealed (Gilboy et al., 2015; Bazler & Sickle, 2017). The traditional teaching and learning method in the classroom is in need of improvement or changes. The manner in which the teacher communicates knowledge unilaterally to the students is less likely to make educational impact for the students who are already familiar with the culture of acquiring various pieces of knowledge from the internet and communicating with people in various communities online (Barrett, 2012; Herreid & Schiller, 2013; Roehl et al., 2013). The limitations and new demands in the field of education have advanced discussions on alternative paradigms of education (Hidi & Harackiewicz, 2000). STEAM, which stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics, is a new educational system which hopes to prepare individuals for the unpredictable future. Originally based on STEM (which is without the Arts curriculum), STEAM aims to educate individuals to be able to think in a divergent and convergent manner (Bazler & Sickle, 2017). According to the results of research, STEAM appears to enable creative and critical thinking in humanities education (Ferrall, 2011). Therefore, it better educates individuals to live curiously and creatively with the knowledge on arts, science, and mathematics (Spector, 2015; Yakman & Lee, 2012). However, STEAM has many problems too despite its advantages. It is true that the teachers who implemented STEAM recognize the importance of the integrated education method (Noh & Ahn, 2012). However, it has been pointed out that not only do the teachers need less work in implementing STEAM, but also the teachers do not seem to know the difference beReceived: March 16, 2020 Revised: April 20, 2020 Accepted: April 30, 2020
Blood parasites of some birds from São Paulo State, Brazil

A total of 3.449 birds, representing 195 species of 33 families from three areas in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were examined for hematozoa during the period 1967-1972. Only 268 birds (7.8%) of 21 families harbored a blood parasite, which represented by species of Haemoproteus (3.5%), microfilaria (2.6%), Plasmodium (1.8%), Trypanosoma (0.8%) and Leucocytozoon (0.06%). The prevalence was similar in each of the six years of the study but a marked decrease in prevalence was noted in February and June of each year. The prevalence of parasitism was significantly different in each of the three areas sampled.
Absence of successful sexual reproduction of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the Adriatic Sea

Žuljević A. , Antolić B. , Nikolić V. , Despalatović M. and Cvitković I. 2012. Absence of successful sexual reproduction of Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea in the Adriatic Sea. Phycologia 51: 283–286. DOI: 10.2216/11-22.1 Gamete formation and release in Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea from the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea was followed in field and laboratory conditions. During the ten years of research only female gametes were observed. Gamete formation occurred when seawater temperature was above 20°C. Gametes had a distinct eyespot and were 9.3 ± 0.6 µm (mean ± SD, n = 140) long and 3.3 ± 0.3 µm (mean ± SD, n = 135) wide. In situ gamete release started 12–18 min before the sunrise. In Caulerpa, a typically monoecious genus, the production of only one gamete phase in the same thallus is a rare exception. Our observation also differs with previous research of C. racemosa var cylindracea reproduction in Greece where both gametes were found.
Implementation Supplementary Book of Green Consumerism: Improving Students HOTS in Environmental Learning

Environmental learning in the 21st-century must be contextual and require the ability of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) to solve environmental problems such as green consumerism. The purpose of this study was to implement an Android-based Supplementary Book of Green Consumerism (SBGC) to improve 8th-grade students' HOTS in environmental learning. The method used experiment with a sample of 144 students in 8th grade. This research design was a pre-post test with the control group. The treatment given was in the form of using SBGC in the experimental classes. The instrument used 12 items with HOTS questions (analyzing, evaluating, and creating) that contain a green consumerism problem. Analysis of the data used the normality test, homogeneity and continued with the t-test. The results showed that the students HOTS score increased significantly in the pre-test and post-test in the experimental class or compared to the control class. Increased in the experimental classes from a score 15.7 (very low) to 32.73 (low). Meanwhile, comparison between the experimental classes with a score 32.73 (low) and control classes with a score 25.25 (very low). This showed that SBGC is easy to understand and have instruction to solve environmental learning in SBGC menu. SBGC is also interesting so that makes students become active in learning. The conclusion of this study was that SBGC can increased students' HOTS in environmental learning.
Palinotaxonomy of Passiflora section Xerogona (Passifloraceae)

Passiflora sect. Xerogona is a tropical and subtropical group comprising 14 species that occur in tropical and Atlantic forest domains throughout Latin America. The section is characterized by herbaceous vines bearing leaves without petiole glands or bracts, leaf blades without ocelli, and capsular fruits. The pollen grains of 13 species of this section were acetolysed and subsequently measured, described, and photographed. The taxa have large or medium sized pollen grains that are isopolar, prolate spheroidal, prolate, oblate spheroidal, spherical or subprolate, 12-colpate, 12-colporate or 6-colporate, 3 or 6 mesocolpium, with the presence or absence of an operculum, pseudoperculum, and secondary operculum, and with exineheteroreticulate. A key to the species based on pollinic data is presented, demonstrating that pollinic characteristics are important in the taxonomy of Passiflora .
Vigor Rating and Brix for First Clonal Selection Stage of the Canal Point Sugarcane Cultivar Development Program

A better understanding of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) genetic variability in agronomic performance will help optimize breeding and selection strategies. Vigor ratings and Brix data were collected from the 2009 and 2010 clones in the first clonal selection stage (stage I) of the Canal Point (CP) sugarcane cultivar development program. Stage I individual selection was based on disease resistance and on the product of vigor and Brix. Vigor ratings (from 1 to 9) from all clones and Brix of any clones with a vigor rating ≥6 were collected in the stage I fields and analyzed for relationships between vigor and Brix, for selection rate in each family (i.e., cross), and for their coefficients of variation (CV) within and among families. There was no correlation between vigor and Brix, suggesting that it would be feasible in stage I to select sugarcane clones with both high vigor and high Brix. Variability was high (CV = 59%) for both the number of planted clones and selection rates among families, and vigor (7.2%) had greater CV than Brix (5.4%). Averaged across years, the within-family CVs (9.3% for vigor and 6.3% for Brix) were greater than the among-family CVs (6.3% for vigor and 4.7% for Brix). Results indicated that greater emphasis on family-based than on individual selection in stage I should be avoided, as it would result in the loss of potentially productive clones. However, use of individual selection data on vigor and Brix for analyzing family performance should improve parental selection and optimize crosses.