Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Targeting of John Cunningham Virus ( JCV ) Among Colorectal Tumors Patients in Central Iraq

In order to prove the implication of John Cunningham virus in colorectal cancer of Iraqi patients. Sixty eight (68) formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded colorectal tissues were obtained in this study ;42 biopsies from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and (16) from benign colorectal tumors as well as (10) apparently normal colorectal autopsies control group. The age of these individuals (patients and control groups) were ranged between 7 and 85 years. The patients samples were collected from the archives of histopathology laboratories of AL-Shaheed Gazi Al-Hariery Hospital for Specialized Surgery /Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City ;Al-Hilla ;AL-Saddar(Al-Najef); Al-Hussein (Kerblla) as well as many private histopathology laboratories that generously helped as and are kindly thanked in the present dedication. This study found the percent of JCV s -ISH in tissues with CRC observed in42.8% ( 18 out of 42 cases), and in the benign was detected in 6.25% (1 out of 16 cases) while, in the healthy control group was detected in10% (1 out of 10 cases). The highest rates of JCV detected in relation with tumor grade depending on the differentiated of cells were 61.1 % (11 out of 18 cases) in grade I(well differentiated carcinoma), followed by 33.3% (6 out of 18cases) in grade II(moderately differentiated carcinoma), and 6.55% (1 out of 42 cases) in grade III (poorly differentiated carcinoma). Significant association of John Cunningham virus infection with colorectal cancers indicate for an important possible role for this viral agent in the development of this subset of colorectal tumors. five studies examining colorectal neoplastic tissue detecting JC virus DNA in colorectal neoplasias at varying frequencies, finding from 26% to 89% of carcinomas positive for JC virus. This results was consistent with current study.
Capivasertib (AZD5363), an AKT inhibitor, rapidly and effectively targets key AKT pathway and proliferation biomarkers: the STAKT pre-surgical breast cancer study

Purpose: The STAKT study examined short-term exposure (4.5 days) to oral selective pan-AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) to determine if this drug can reach its therapeutic target in sufficient concentration to significantly modulate key biomarkers of the AKT pathway and tumor proliferation. Methods: STAKT was a two-stage, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, ‘window-of-opportunity’ study in patients with newly diagnosed ER+ invasive breast cancer. Stage 1 assessed capivasertib 480 mg bid (recommended monotherapy dose) and placebo, and stage 2 assessed capivasertib 360 and 240 mg bid. Primary endpoints were changes from baseline in AKT pathway markers pPRAS40, pGSK3β and proliferation protein Ki67. Pharmacologic and pharmacodynamic properties were analyzed from blood sampling, and tolerability by adverse-event monitoring. Results: After 4.5 days’ exposure, capivasertib 480 mg bid (n=17) produced significant decreases from baseline versus placebo (n=11) in pGSK3β (H-score absolute change –55.3, P =0.006) and pPRAS40 (–83.8, P <0.0001), and a decrease in Ki67 (absolute change in percentage positive nuclei: –9.6%, P =0.031). Significant changes also occurred in secondary signaling biomarker pS6 (–42.3, P =0.004), while pAKT (and nuclear FOXO3a) also increased in accordance with capivasertib’s mechanism (pAKT: 81.3, P =0.005). At doses of 360 mg bid (n=5) and 240 mg bid (n=6), changes in primary and secondary biomarkers were also observed, albeit of smaller magnitude. Biomarker modulation was dose and concentration dependent, and no new safety signals were evident. key biomarkers effective AKT-dependent breast
Long-term in Bipolar Disorder: Associations with age of onset and psychiatric co-morbidity

Introduction: Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA-)axis is hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). Conflicting results have been reported when saliva or serum was used to measure cortisol levels. A recently developed method is to measure cortisol in scalp hair, with one cm of scalp hair representing one month. We studied whether there are differences in long-term hair cortisol levels between BD patients and healthy individuals and whether there are associations between hair cortisol and disease characteristics. cortisol levels in of no differences in salivary cortisol levels and healthy hair cortisol the chronic cortisol the found with or include acute to the measurement Several shown that is a marker of long-term We compared we explored we measured compare observed findings
CMAR_A_292944 1017..1028

*These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic and predictive value of strain ratios in the regions of interests (ROIs) in reference tissue for breast tumor. Patients and Methods: A total of 707 lesions in 665 consecutive patients were examined with B-mode Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and Ultrasonic elastography (UE). Elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio (SR) in each lesion were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of BI-RADS, ES, SR1, SR2, BI-RADS combined with ES (BI-RADS+ES), BI-RADS combined with SR1 (BI-RADS+SR1), and BI-RADS combined with SR2 (BI-RADS+SR2). The sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the ROC curves (Az) were obtained. Scatter plots were generated to demonstrate the correlation between SR1 and SR2. Kruskal-Walls H-test, Mann–Whitney U-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to evaluate SRs and tumor-related variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to determine variables independently associated with SRs. Results: BI-RADS had high sensitivity and low specificity in the diagnosis of breast tumor. The specificity of BI-BADS combined with ES or SR was even higher. The Az value of BIRADS+ES or BI-RADS+SRs was higher than that of BI-RADS (P < 0.001). The Az value of ES was higher than those of SR1 and SR2 (P < 0.001), and those of SR1 and SR2 were similar. SR1 and SR2 were highly positively correlated. There was no statistical difference between Az values of BI-RADS+ES, BI-RADS+SR1, and BI-RADS+SR2. Indistinct margin, high histologic grade, histological type, and negative human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-2) were associated with SR1 and SR2. Progesterone receptor (PR) status and molecular subtype were associated with SR2. Histologic grade and tumor margin were significantly associated with SR1, and tumor margin was associated with SR2. Conclusion: SRs in different ROIs in the reference tissue at the same depth showed no different diagnostic value for breast tumor. Both SR1 and SR2 could be useful in assessing the biological characteristics of invasive breast carcinoma.
Ownership Structure and Bankruptcy: The Effect of Audit Committee Size

This paper analyses the interactive role of audit committee size on the link concerning ownership structure and bankruptcy. The study uses the listed Nigeria financial firms’ yearly reports from 2006 to 2015. The sample comprises of twenty-nine (29) quoted firms. Estimation was used with Driscoll and Kraay’s standard errors. The findings establish that executive, non-executive directors, and institutional ownership have a positive influence on Altman Z-score that is having lower bankruptcy possibilities. However, CEO, block and foreign ownership were found to have a negative influence on Altman Z-score that is having higher bankruptcy possibilities. The effective audit committee overturns these inverse relationships. Hence found that audit committee size moderates CEO, block and foreign ownership relationship with Altman Z-score positively. However, audit committee size moderates the effects of executives and institutions ownership on the Altman Z-score negatively and significantly. It is recommended that regulators should impose practical regulations to lessen the power of executives and institutional investors over the audit committee size in order to protect the interests of the minority shareholders.
Determinants of foreign direct investment in renewable electricity industry in Africa

ABSTRACT Using a novel dataset of foreign direct investment (FDI) corporations in the renewable electricity industry (REI), coupled with a large range of employed variables, this paper empirically examines FDI determinants in the REI in Africa between 2003 and 2019. The electricity insecurity issues worsen daily, aggravating all facets of African life. A range of promising and informative results were found using the FDI panel gravity fixed effects Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood model. Interestingly, we reveal the uselessness of fossil fuel subsidy changes in stimulating green FDI in Africa. However, a 1% growth in Africa’s gross domestic product expands FDI by almost 1.5%. Similarly, one additional point in the corruption index reduces FDI by about 1.2%. Furthermore, increasing the number of educated African children and raising renewable energy awareness contributes constructively to the REI and sustainable energy development. To mitigate the energy issues, policymakers should elevate clean power consciousness among Africans and enhance sustainable energy support and policies.
Risk and responsibility: lay perceptions of COVID-19 risk and the ‘ignorant imagined other’ in Indonesia

Abstract Lay constructions of risk impact upon public health activities and underpin social reactions to experiences and understandings of infectious diseases. In this article, we explore the social construction of COVID-19 risk and responsibility by citizens of Jakarta and the Greater Jakarta Area, Indonesia. We draw upon digital diaries produced each week by 37 participants across a 5-week period from April to June 2020, a time of substantial policy flux in Indonesia. Key findings reflect the everyday construction of risk within the context of changing government restrictions regarding physical distancing. In the context of perceived confusion around government activity, the participants narrated individualised accounts of risk production, as they reflected upon the transmission of COVID-19. Our findings indicate the emergence of the concept of the ‘ignorant imagined other’ as underpinning how lay persons locate risks in unknowledgeable others and see themselves as socially protected through their own perceived knowledgeability of COVID-19. Our findings contribute to the literature on the social perception of infectious disease through the examination of the understudied context of urban Indonesia and by demonstrating the social location of risk in relation to a generalised imagined other, within a wider context of public health governance.
Caffeine prevents restenosis and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through the induction of autophagy

ABSTRACT Caffeine is among the most highly consumed substances worldwide, and it has been associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. Although caffeine has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that caffeine decreased VSMC proliferation and induced macroautophagy/autophagy in an in vivo vascular injury model of restenosis. Furthermore, we studied the effects of caffeine in primary human and mouse aortic VSMCs and immortalized mouse aortic VSMCs. Caffeine decreased cell proliferation, and induced autophagy flux via inhibition of MTOR signaling in these cells. Genetic deletion of the key autophagy gene Atg5, and the Sqstm1/p62 gene encoding a receptor protein, showed that the anti-proliferative effect by caffeine was dependent upon autophagy. Interestingly, caffeine also decreased WNT-signaling and the expression of two WNT target genes, Axin2 and Ccnd1 (cyclin D1). This effect was mediated by autophagic degradation of a key member of the WNT signaling cascade, DVL2, by caffeine to decrease WNT signaling and cell proliferation. SQSTM1/p62, MAP1LC3B-II and DVL2 were also shown to interact with each other, and the overexpression of DVL2 counteracted the inhibition of cell proliferation by caffeine. Taken together, our in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated that caffeine reduced VSMC proliferation by inhibiting WNT signaling via stimulation of autophagy, thus reducing the vascular restenosis. Our findings suggest that caffeine and other autophagy-inducing drugs may represent novel cardiovascular therapeutic tools to protect against restenosis after angioplasty and/or stent placement.
High density planting - an option for higher productivity of Hevea brasiliensis in north eastern region of India

The effect of planting density in rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) was studied in an experiment conducted with three densities viz . , 420, 620, 824 trees ha -1 . It was observed that lower density had higher percentage of trees ready for tapping during initial years, due to better growth. However, higher density achieved required girth in subsequent years. In spite of decrease in plant number over the years, the highest density had always lower girth even after 24 years of planting. Higher density also has higher percentage of too small trees, not suitable for harvesting latex. The higher plant densities resulted taller plants, increased crotch height and decreased the number of branches and thereby plant density affected yield per tree and yield per unit area. Though the yield per hectare increased with increased plant density during initial years, however declined later period. High yield per tree per tap was observed in the lowest density with lower yield per unit area. Yield increased in all densities with application of stimulant. Percentage of yield increase due to application of stimulant was higher (40%) in medium density (620 trees ha -1 ) compared to other plant densities. Percentage of wind damage was lower in high density planting during initial years. Total timber volume per hectare was high in higher planting density and lower per tree volume of log compared to lower density. Maintaining a density of 620 trees per hectare appears to be most suitable for north eastern region of India.
IS ROUTINE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL POLYPS NECESSARY?

Background: Cervical polyps are the foremost common benign neoplasms of the cervix with the range of prevalence reported as 1.5-10%. Although most cervical polyps are benign, 0.2-1.7% of them are related to malignancy. Aim: To assess the prevalence of malignancy and dysplasia in cervical polyps and to judge whether cervical polyps got to be removed routinely. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 541 cases of cervical polyps that were diagnosed at the pathology department of Mongi Slim hospital over a nine-year period (January 2007 - October 2016). Patients’ age, menopausal status and pathological findings were recorded. Results: The age of our patients ranged between 23 and 86 years aged (mean = 47 years). Forty-seven women with cervical polyps presented with vaginal bleeding (8.68%) while the remaining were either asymptomatic or the rationale for presentation wasn't documented. Among 541 cervical polyps, only two cases (0.37%) of malignancy were encountered which were endometrioid adenocarcinoma and cervical adenosarcoma. Two leiomyomas, one adenomyoma and four condylomas were also diagnosed. There have been also dysplastic (0.74%), metaplastic (3.69%) and inflammatory (26%) changes. Accompanying endometrial pathologies were endometrial polyp (0.92%) (n=5) and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (0.18%) (n=1). Conclusions: Our data indicate that the prevalence of malignancy (0.37%) and dysplasia (0.74%) is comparatively uncommon on cervical polyps. Routine removal of cervical polyps, although not mandatory, seems clinically prudent because pathological evaluation is required to verify the diagnosis and to rule out other possibilities.
Simulation-based study of turbulent aquatic canopy flows with flexible stems

Abstract Large-eddy simulation (LES) is performed to investigate the dynamics of flow and canopy motions and the energy transfer in turbulent canopy flows. Different from the traditional approach that models the canopy as a continuous medium with a drag coefficient prescribed a priori, an immersed boundary method together with a beam model is employed to explicitly capture the dynamics of individual stems and resolve monami. The simulation cases cover a broad range of stem flexibilities from rigid stems to oscillatory stems to stems yielding to the flow. For highly flexible canopies, the stem fluctuation is small such that the canopy behaves like a rigid canopy, which is used to explain the similarities of the flow features between rigid and highly flexible canopies. Analyses of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget show that, in the flexible canopy cases, the waving term associated with the canopy drag–flow velocity correlation can be as large as one-half of the shear production term near the canopy top. Spectral TKE budget analyses further reveal dominant effects at two characteristic scales: the monami scale associated with the coherent structures in the mixing layer and the wake scale associated with the interval between adjacent stems. For the TKE in flexible canopies, the waving term is found to play an important role in the interscale and wall-normal transport terms. Our LES data show that the spectral shortcut mechanism proposed by previous studies is caused by the waving term.
exchanger blockade inhibits enterocyte inﬂammatory response and protects against colitis

Na /H exchanger blockade inhibits enterocyte inﬂammatory response and protects against colitis. Am Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283: /H (cid:1) exchangers (NHEs) are integral transmembrane proteins found in all mammalian cells. There is substantial evidence indicating that NHEs regulate inﬂammatory processes. Because intestinal epithelial cells express a variety of NHEs, we tested the possibility that NHEs are also involved in regulation of the epithelial cell inﬂammatory response. In addition, since the epithelial inﬂammatory response is an important contributor to mucosal inﬂammation in inﬂammatory bowel disease (IBD), we examined the role of NHEs in the modulation of disease activity in a mouse model of IBD. In human gut epithelial cells, NHE inhibition using a variety of agents, including amiloride, 5-( N -methyl- N -isobutyl)amiloride, 5-( N -ethyl- N -isopropyl)-amiloride, harmaline, clonidine, and cimetidine, suppressed interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. The inhibitory effect of NHE inhibition on IL-8 was associated with a decrease in IL-8 mRNA accumulation. NHE inhibition suppressed both activation of the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor- (cid:2) B. Finally, NHE inhibition ameliorated the course of IBD in dextran sulfate-treated mice. Our data demonstrate that inhibition of NHEs may be an approach worthy of pursuing for the treatment of IBD.
The Pattern of Anemia in Lupus The Pattern of Anemia in Lupus

Anemia is a frequent incident for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), its incidence being reported as 18–80%. Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is the most common hematological syndrome in the evolutionary context of SLE. In anemia of the chronic dis- ease, cytokines stimulate the production of hepcidin, an acute phase protein, which destroys ferroportin produced by hepatocytes. As a result, Fe (iron) is not able to come out from the erythrocytes and macrophages and is trapped within them. Anemias from chronic disease are usually hypoproliferative processes. This chapter reviews the correlation between sys- temic lupus erythematosus and anemia of chronic disease in general (but iron-deficiency anemia in particular). This text reviews different important methods of examination used to diagnose the pathological process of lupus as an immune disease and of the hematopoietic system some of these methods include (general blood analysis, Coombs test, serum iron, hematocrit etc.). Furthermore, it will discuss the physiopathological mechanism of anemic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus and the changes of the immune system. In conclusion, the relevance of anemia (independent of its cause) is estimated as being both a short-term activity of the disease and long-term prognostic factor for the evolution of SLE.
transcriptome disorganization in autism.

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are etiologically heterogeneous and complex. Functional genomics work has begun to identify a diverse array of dysregulated transcriptomic programs (e.g., synaptic, immune, cell cycle, DNA damage, WNT signaling, cortical patterning and differentiation) potentially involved in ASD brain abnormalities during childhood and adulthood. However, it remains unclear whether such diverse dysregulated pathways are independent of each other or instead reflect coordinated hierarchical systems-level pathology. Methods: Two ASD cortical transcriptome datasets were re-analyzed using consensus weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify common co-expression modules across datasets. Linear mixed-effect models and Bayesian replication statistics were used to identify replicable differentially expressed modules. Eigengene network analysis was then utilized to identify between-group differences in how co-expression modules interact and cluster into hierarchical meta-modular organization. Protein-protein interaction analyses were also used to determine whether dysregulated co-expression modules show enhanced interactions. Results: We find replicable evidence for 10 gene co-expression modules that are differentially expressed in ASD cortex. Rather than being independent non-interacting sources of pathology, these dysregulated co-expression modules work in synergy and physically interact at the protein level. These systems-level transcriptional signals are characterized by downregulation of synaptic processes coordinated with upregulation of immune/inflammation, response to other organism, catabolism, viral processes, translation, protein targeting and localization, cell proliferation, and vasculature development. Hierarchical organization of meta-modules (clusters of highly correlated modules) is also highly affected in ASD. Conclusions: These findings highlight that dysregulation of the ASD cortical transcriptome is characterized by the dysregulation of multiple coordinated transcriptional programs producing synergistic systems-level effects that cannot be fully appreciated by studying the individual component biological processes in isolation. behind brain
Optimization of rotationally symmetric shells

Rotationally symmetric shells of piece wise constant thickness are studied. The cases of quasistatic and dynamic loading are considered separately whereas the shells may be manufactured from both, elastic and inelastic materials. Minimum weight designs of inelastic shells of piece wise constant thickness are established under the condition that the limit load is fixed. Also the designs of maximum load carrying capacity are determined for given weight (material volume) of the shell. Necessary optimality conditions are derived with the aid of variational methods of the theory of optimal control.