Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of High and Moderate-Intensity Interval Training on Pulmonary and Performance Parameters in Miners Suffering From Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Objective: To characterize the effect of 12 weeks of high and moderate-intensity interval training on pulmonary and functional parameters in miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease working in the polluted environment. Methods: Forty-five miners with COPD (average degree: 60 > FEV1 < 70), were randomly divided into HIIT (with 100%–125% ISWT); MIIT (with 60%–85% ISWT), and control. The study period was 12 weeks (3 sessions per week). At the beginning and end of the study, pulmonary and functional indices was evaluated. Results: Based on results, HIIT and MIIT significantly increased FVC, FEV1, and mean traveled distance in ISWT compared with control. Comparison of training intensities showed that HIIT led to a significant change in FVC, FEV1, and ISWT record compared to MIIT. Conclusion: It is suggested that miners suffering from COPD, consider HIIT as part of their treatment plan.
CD16+CD163+ monocytes traffic to sites of inflammation during necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants

Using single-cell analysis of whole blood and intestinal tissue, Olaloye et al. identify a population of inflammatory monocytes that are potentially pathogenic in necrotizing enterocolitis. They identify distinct phenotypes of necrotizing enterocolitis based on the nature of neutrophils (immature, newly emigrated, and aged) and highlight a population of CD16+CD163+ monocytes/Mϕ involved in multiple aspects of inflammation that could be targeted for therapeutics development.
Metformin intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation

Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Metformin (MET) presents pleiotropic benefits in the control of chronic metabolic diseases, but the impacts of MET intervention on gut microbiota and inflammation in AS remain largely unclear. In this study, ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) were adopted to assess the MET treatment. After 12 weeks of MET intervention (100mg·kg-1·d-1), relevant indications were investigated. As indicated by the pathological measurements, the atherosclerotic lesion was alleviated with MET intervention. Moreover, parameters in AS including body weights (BWs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated; whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels were decreased, which could be reversed by MET intervention. Elevated pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccaride (LPS) in AS were decreased after MET administration. However, anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed no significant difference between AS group and AS+MET group. Consistently, accumulated macrophages in the aorta of AS were conversely lowered with MET treatment. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis displayed that the overall community of gut microbiota in AS was notably changed with MET treatment mainly through decreasing Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Romboutsia, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, as well as increasing Akkermansia, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium. Additionally, we found that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in AS were decreased, which were significantly up-regulated with MET intervention. Consistent with the attenuation of MET on gut dysbiosis, decreased intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO)-1 in AS was restored after MET supplementation. Correlation analysis showed close relationships among gut bacteria, microbial metabolites SCFAs and inflammation. Collectively, MET intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation, thus can potentially serve as an inexpensive and effective intervention for the control of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Depression Detection on Reddit With an Emotion-Based Attention Network: Algorithm Development and Validation

Background As a common mental disease, depression seriously affects people’s physical and mental health. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, depression is one of the main reasons for suicide and self-harm events in the world. Therefore, strengthening depression detection can effectively reduce the occurrence of suicide or self-harm events so as to save more people and families. With the development of computer technology, some researchers are trying to apply natural language processing techniques to detect people who are depressed automatically. Many existing feature engineering methods for depression detection are based on emotional characteristics, but these methods do not consider high-level emotional semantic information. The current deep learning methods for depression detection cannot accurately extract effective emotional semantic information. Objective In this paper, we propose an emotion-based attention network, including a semantic understanding network and an emotion understanding network, which can capture the high-level emotional semantic information effectively to improve the depression detection task. Methods The semantic understanding network module is used to capture the contextual semantic information. The emotion understanding network module is used to capture the emotional semantic information. There are two units in the emotion understanding network module, including a positive emotion understanding unit and a negative emotion understanding unit, which are used to capture the positive emotional information and the negative emotional information, respectively. We further proposed a dynamic fusion strategy in the emotion understanding network module to fuse the positive emotional information and the negative emotional information. Results We evaluated our method on the Reddit data set. The experimental results showed that the proposed emotion-based attention network model achieved an accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure of 91.30%, 91.91%, 96.15%, and 93.98%, respectively, which are comparable results compared with state-of-the-art methods. Conclusions The experimental results showed that our model is competitive with the state-of-the-art models. The semantic understanding network module, the emotion understanding network module, and the dynamic fusion strategy are effective modules for depression detection. In addition, the experimental results verified that the emotional semantic information was effective in depression detection.
Detection of carfentanil in a cluster of patients without associated mortality: Response to Chhabra et al.

An analysis of fentanyl analog exposures in Cook County, Illinois recently published in this journal by Chhabra et al. found that more than half of urine drug screens detected at least one fentanyl analog or synthetic opioid (1). The relative ease of manufacturing and costcutting measures in the illicit drug industry has caused a flooding of the market with synthetic opioids, which is reflected in reported overdose deaths, as synthetic opioid-involved deaths increased 1040% from 2013 to 2019 (2). Use and overdose of carfentanil specifically has increased rapidly around the United States since it was first identified in patient samples in 2016 (3). Given the high potency of the drug (approximately 10,000 times as potent as morphine), most cases of carfentanil use have been identified postmortem, which poses a serious threat to patients with opioid use disorder. To support the conclusions made by Chhabra et al., we report a patient cluster in Central New York, in which seven patients in a single methadone opioid treatment program (OTP) tested positive for urine carfentanil and/or the carfentanil metabolite norcarfentanil by LC-MS/MS (4) (Table 1). Overall, we found 12 positive results from 166 specimens collected from 119 individual patients between October 2020 and January 2021. Surprisingly, chart review indicated that carfentanil was detected incidentally, and not as a result of reported overdose. All patients claimed that they were unaware that they had used carfentanil, and 4 of the 7 patients were positive for carfentanil before they had initiated methadone treatment. In addition to the corresponding article (1), this patient cluster reflects an increasing number of carfentanil cases appearing in the state of New York, and a trend of patients that survive carfentanil use (1,5). Further, a recent evaluation of commercially available rapid drug detection kits demonstrated a poor crossreactivity and detection abilities for synthetic fentanyl analogs (6). Taken together, it is imperative for healthcare workers and public health officials to provide adequate patient education and harm reduction measures for patients in OTPs, and to increase surveillance of carfentanil and other synthetic opioid analogs. The retrospective data in this study was granted an exemption status from our institution’s IRB.
Outcomes of liver transplantation for mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder in children

Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorder (MRCD) can cause acute liver failure (ALF), which may necessitate liver transplantation (LT). However, MRCD is often difficult to diagnose before LT and the indications of LT are controversial due to the likelihood of progressive neurological disease. The present study further characterized the patient population and described the outcomes.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of noninstitutional psychosocial interventions to prevent juvenile criminal recidivism.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of noninstitutional psychosocial interventions in preventing recidivism among criminal adolescents. METHOD We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials assessing the impact on recidivism among juveniles aged 12-17. The included studies had a low to medium risk of bias and were published between 2000 and 2019. Standardized mean differences or risk differences were calculated. RESULTS We included 35 (20 randomized, 15 nonrandomized) studies evaluating 17 unique, noninstitutional psychosocial interventions. A meta-analysis found no significant reductions in recidivism for studied interventions compared to control conditions. Although single studies suggested some positive effects, the evidence provided by these studies was found to have very low certainty. Post hoc analyses indicated that studies including a low-intensity control condition might have stronger relative intervention effects compared to studies with medium or high-intensity control conditions. CONCLUSION This systematic review did not find any one noninstitutional psychosocial intervention to be more effective than control treatments in reducing future criminality among juvenile offenders aged 12-17. We discuss the implications of the present findings for social work and child and adolescent psychiatry practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Insight Into Illness and Psychological Defense Attitudes in People With Chronic Schizophrenia Using Markova's Insight Scale

Abstract Insight into illness is a multidimensional phenomenon, and various assessments are available. We focused on Markova's Insight Scale (IS) and investigated the relationship between insight, psychological defenses, and neurocognition in 38 patients with schizophrenia. Results showed that insight was significantly correlated with an immature defense style. Moreover, IS was significantly predicted by immature defense style after adjusting for clinical variables. Although insight is often assumed to be multidetermined with potential contributions from factors such as cognitive function and psychological defensive mechanisms, our results indicated that better insight assessed with the IS is more likely to reflect immature defenses. This may also be reflected in our result that a higher insight score correlated with earlier onset of illness. The insight score may reflect the immature psychological defensive attitudes of schizophrenia and may lead such patients to wish to comply with the views of clinicians.
Reaction of CO with Preadsorbed Oxygen on Low-Index Copper Surfaces: An Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study

The reaction of CO with chemisorbed oxygen on three low-index faces of copper was studied using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. At room temperature, the chemisorbed oxide can be removed by reaction with gas-phase CO in the 0.01–0.20 Torr pressure range. The reaction rates were determined by measuring the XPS peak intensities of O and CO as a function of time, pressure, and temperature. On Cu(111) the rate was found to be one order of magnitude faster than that on Cu(100) and two orders of magnitude faster than that on Cu(110). The apparent activation energies for CO oxidation were measured as 0.24 eV for O/Cu(111), 0.29 eV for O/Cu(100), and 0.51 eV for O/Cu(110) in the temperature range between 298 and 473 K. These energies are correlated to the oxygen binding energies on each surface.
Focal osteolysis and corrosion at the junction of Precice Stryde intramedullary lengthening device

Aims This study aims to enhance understanding of clinical and radiological consequences and involved mechanisms that led to corrosion of the Precice Stryde (Stryde) intramedullary lengthening nail in the post market surveillance era of the device. Between 2018 and 2021 more than 2,000 Stryde nails have been implanted worldwide. However, the outcome of treatment with the Stryde system is insufficiently reported. Methods This is a retrospective single-centre study analyzing outcome of 57 consecutive lengthening procedures performed with the Stryde nail at the authors’ institution from February 2019 until November 2020. Macro- and microscopic metallographic analysis of four retrieved nails was conducted. To investigate observed corrosion at telescoping junction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed. Results Adjacent to the nail’s telescoping junction, osteolytic changes were observed in bi-planar radiographs of 20/57 segments (35%) after a mean of 9.5 months (95% confidence interval 7.2 to 11.9) after surgery. A total of 8/20 patients with osseous alterations (40%) reported rest and ambulation pain of the lengthened segment during consolidation. So far, 24 Stryde nails were retrieved and in 20 (83%) macroscopic corrosion was observed at the nail’s telescoping junction. Before implant removal 11/20 radiographs (55%) of lengthened segments with these 20 nails revealed osteolysis. Implant retrieval analysis by means of SEM showed pitting and crevice corrosion. EDX detected chromium as the main metallic element of corrosion. Conclusion Patients are exposed to the risk of implant-related osteolysis of unclear short- and long-term clinical consequences. The authors advocate in favour of an early implant removal after osseous consolidation. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):425–436.
The thin blue waveform: Racial disparities in officer prosody undermine institutional trust in the police.

How do routine police encounters build or undermine community trust, and how might they contribute to racial gaps in citizen perceptions of the police? Procedural justice theory posits that officers' interpersonal communication toward the public plays a formative role, but experimental tests of this hypothesis have been constrained by the difficulties of measuring and manipulating this dimension of officer-citizen interactions. Officer-worn body camera recordings provide a novel means to overcome both of these challenges. Across five studies with laboratory and community samples, we use footage from traffic stops to examine how officers communicate to drivers and whether racial disparities in officers' communication erode institutional trust in the police. Specifically, we consider the cumulative effects of one subtle interpersonal cue: an officer's tone of voice. In Studies 1A, 1B, and 1C, participants rated thin slices of officer speech. Participants were blind to the content of the officer's words and the race of their interlocutor, yet they evaluated officers' tone toward White (vs. Black) men more positively. By manipulating participants' exposure to repeated interactions, we demonstrate that even these paraverbal aspects of police interactions shape how citizens construe the police generally (Study 2), and that racial disparities in prosodic cues undermine trust in institutions such as police departments (Study 3). Participants' trust in the police, and personal experiences of fairness, in turn, correlated with their perceptions of officer prosody across studies. Taken together, these data illustrate a cycle through which interpersonal aspects of police encounters erode institutional trust across race. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Quick sequential organ failure assessment score combined with other sepsis-related risk factors to predict in-hospital mortality: Post-hoc analysis of prospective multicenter study data

This study aimed to assess the value of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) combined with other risk factors in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected infection. This post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter study dataset included 34 emergency departments across Japan (December 2017 to February 2018). We included adult patients (age ≥16 years) who presented to the emergency department with suspected infection. qSOFA was calculated and recorded by senior emergency physicians when they suspected an infection. Different types of sepsis-related risk factors (demographic, functional, and laboratory values) were chosen from prior studies. A logistic regression model was used to assess the predictive value of qSOFA for in-hospital mortality in models based on the following combination of predictors: 1) qSOFA-Only; 2) qSOFA+Age; 3) qSOFA+Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS); 4) qSOFA+Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI); 5) qSOFA+lactate levels; 6) qSOFA+Age+CCI+CFS+lactate levels. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and other key clinical statistics at Youden’s index, where the sum of sensitivity and specificity is maximized. Following prior literature, an AUC >0.9 was deemed to indicate high accuracy; 0.7–0.9, moderate accuracy; 0.5–0.7, low accuracy; and 0.5, a chance result. Of the 951 patients included in the analysis, 151 (15.9%) died during hospitalization. The AUC for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.627 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.580−0.673) for the qSOFA-Only model. Addition of other variables only marginally improved the model’s AUC; the model that included all potentially relevant variables yielded an AUC of only 0.730 (95% CI: 0.687–0.774). Other key statistic values were similar among all models, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.55−0.65 and 0.60−0.75, respectively. In this post-hoc data analysis from a prospective multicenter study based in Japan, combining qSOFA with other sepsis-related risk factors only marginally improved the model’s predictive value.
Impact of C-Reactive Protein on Cognition and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers in Homozygous APOE ɛ4 Carriers

Background and Objectives Previous research has shown that elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with increased Alzheimer disease (AD) risk only in APOE ε4 allele carriers; the objective of this study was to examine the interactive effects of plasma CRP and APOE genotype on cognition and AD biomarkers. Methods Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study were analyzed, including APOE genotype; plasma CRP concentrations; diagnostic status (i.e., mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to AD); Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Dementia Staging Instrument scores; CSF concentrations of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ42), total tau (t-Tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-Tau); and amyloid (AV45) PET imaging. Multivariable regression analyses tested the associations between plasma CRP and APOE on cognitive and biomarker outcomes. Results Among 566 ADNI participants, 274 (48.4%) had no, 222 (39.2%) had 1, and 70 (12.4%) had 2 APOE ε4 alleles. Among only participants who had 2 APOE ε4 alleles, elevated CRP was associated with lower MMSE score at baseline (β [95% confidence interval] −0.52 [−1.01, −0.12]) and 12-month follow-up (β −1.09 [−1.88, −0.17]) after adjustment for sex, age, and education. The interaction of 2 APOE ε4 alleles and elevated plasma CRP was associated with increased CSF levels of t-Tau (β = 11.21, SE 3.37, p < 0.001) and p-Tau (β = +2.74, SE 1.14, p < 0.01). Among those who had no APOE ε4 alleles, elevated CRP was associated with decreased CSF t-Tau and p-Tau. These effects were stronger at the 12-month follow-up. Discussion CRP released during peripheral inflammation could be a mediator in APOE ε4–related AD neurodegeneration and serve as a drug target for AD.
COVID‐19 infection, progression, and vaccination: Focus on obesity and related metabolic disturbances

Coronaviruses are constantly circulating in humans, causing common colds and mild respiratory infections. In contrast, infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), responsible for coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), can cause additional severe complications, particularly in patients with obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. Obesity is a principal causative factor in the development of the metabolic syndrome; a series of physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that increase the risk of obesity‐associated diseases. “Metabolically unhealthy” obesity is, in addition to metabolic disturbances, also associated with immunological disturbances. As such, patients with obesity are more prone to develop serious complications from infections, including those from SARS‐CoV‐2. In this review, we first describe how obesity and related metabolic disturbances increase the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Then, mechanisms contributing to COVID‐19 complications and poor prognosis in these patients are discussed. Finally, we discuss how obesity potentially reduces long‐term COVID‐19 vaccination efficacy. Despite encouraging COVID‐19 vaccination results in patients with obesity and related metabolic disturbances in the short‐term, it is becoming increasingly evident that long‐term COVID‐19 vaccination efficacy should be closely monitored in this vulnerable group.