Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communication of higher education institutions: Historical developments and changes over the past decade

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are pivotal organizations in modern societies. Over the past decades, the higher education sector has expanded considerably in countries across the world, with many newly founded colleges and universities and rapid increases in student enrollment and research output. In addition, new public management reforms and a growing need for societal legitimation have led many HEIs to establish or enlarge their communication departments, pursue branding and reputation management, and professionalize their communication efforts across various channels. Although a growing body of literature has shed light on how HEIs engage in public relations (PR) and science communication, we know little about how their communication has developed over time and in relation to the fundamental transformations in higher education systems and the media landscape in recent years, decades, and even centuries. Most existing sketches of such historical developments have focused on one country – as is typical for histories of PR in general – and have been dedicated to the second half of the 20th century. In contrast, the early beginnings of university communication since the late 19th century and recent trends in the past decade have been little researched. This guest editorial and the contributions of this Thematic Section on Changing Communication of Higher Education Institutions address these gaps in research and together shed light on developments in different European countries, as well as in the U. S.
Small‐Vibration Theory of the Clarinet

A theory of the clarinet is developed based on the experimental observation that for weak tones the reed and air‐column vibrations are nearly sinusoidal. The clarinet is assumed to be a cylindrical air column open at one end and closed at the other by a diaphragm containing a slit of variable width, corresponding to the aperture between reed and mouthpiece. A velocity potential appropriate to a tube with wall friction is assumed. The impedance of the slit as a function of opening and pressure across it is evaluated experimentally and checked against theory. The volume flow through the slit is calculated from the velocity potential and equated to the flow calculated from the slit impedance. The flow and impedance both depend on the pressure, which in turn is again calculated from the velocity potential. Expressions for the operating frequency and threshold blowing pressure are obtained by assuming the flow to consist of a small alternating component superimposed on a steady component. The frequency is foun.
Competitive Markets for Personal Data

Personal data is an essential input for the digital economy. Yet, individuals often have limited control over its use and are rarely compensated for it. What inef-ficiencies does this status quo generate? Which market institutions could improve upon it? We study the competitive equilibria of an economy where platforms acquire consumers’ data and use it to intermediate consumers and sellers. We find that granting consumers control over their data can backfire: It can lead to lower social welfare than when consumers are simply expropriated of their data. Even in the best-case scenario, allowing consumers to choose to whom they sell their data can only reach second-best e ffi ciency. We show that to achieve full e ffi ciency a large set of markets would need to open, which allows platforms and consumers to contract on how their data will be used. We comment on the di ffi culties of de-centralizing in a practical way these e ffi cient outcomes
An Approach to Statistical Spatial-Temporal Modeling of Meteorological Fields

Abstract In this article we develop a random field model for the mean temperature over the region in the northern United States covering eastern Montana through the Dakotas and northern Nebraska up to the Canadian border. The readings are temperatures at the stations in the U.S. historical climatological network. The stochastic structure is modeled by a stationary spatial-temporal Gaussian random field. For this region, we find little evidence of temporal dependence while the spatial structure is temporally stable. The approach strives to incorporate the uncertainty in estimating the covariance structure into the predictive distributions and the final inference. As an application of the model, we derive posterior distributions of the areal mean over time. A posterior distribution for the static areal mean is presented as a basis for calibrating temperature shifts by the historical record. For this region and season, the distribution indicates that under the scenario of a gradual increase of 5°F over 50 ye.
A Primer of Algebraic D -modules: Embeddings

1. The Weyl algebra 2. Ideal structure of the Weyl algebra 3. Rings of differential operators 4. Jacobian conjectures 5. Modules over the Weyl algebra 6. Differential equations 7. Graded and filtered modules 8. Noetherian rings and modules 9. Dimension and multiplicity 10. Holonomic modules 11. Characteristic varieties 12. Tensor products 13. External products 14. Inverse image 15. Embeddings 16. Direct images 17. Kashiwara's theorem 18. Preservation of holonomy 19. Stability of differential equations 20. Automatic proof of identities.
Transfusion Guidelines in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Currently Available Evidence

Our study aims to provide a synthesis of the best available evidence on the hemoglobin (hgb) red blood cell (RBC) transfusion thresholds in adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, as well as describing the risk factors and outcomes associated with RBC transfusion in this population. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science electronic databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to assess articles discussing RBC transfusion thresholds and describe complications secondary to transfusion in adult TBI patients in the perioperative period. Fifteen articles met search criteria and were reviewed for analysis. Compared to non-transfused, TBI patients who received transfusion tended to be primarily male patients with worse Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Coma Scale. Further, the meta-analysis corroborated that transfused TBI patients are older (p = 0.04), have worse ISS scores (p = 0.001), receive more units of RBCs (p = 0.02), and have both higher mortality (p < 0.001) and complication rates (p < 0.0001). There were no differences identified in rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Abbreviated Injury Scale scores. Additionally, whereas many studies support restrictive (hgb <7 g/dL) transfusion thresholds over liberal (hgb <10 g/dL), our meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in mortality between those thresholds (p = 0.79). Current Class B/C level III evidence predominantly recommends against a liberal transfusion threshold of 10 g/dL for TBI patients (Class B/C level III), but our meta-analysis found no difference in survival between groups. There is evidence suggesting that an intermediate threshold between 7 and 9 g/dL, reflecting the physiological oxygen needs of cerebral tissue, may be worth exploring.
Maximizing the Resolution of SAR ADC With Multisegmented DAC Using Improved MLE Calibration

Successive approximation register analog to digital converters (SAR ADCs) offer an attractive energy-efficient solution but its signal-to-noise-distortion-ratio (SNDR) is degraded due to its sensitivity to parasitic capacitance and capacitors’ mismatch. In this article, we present an improved maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm, which offers a more robust estimator for statistical-based calibration technique that can be used across different resolutions of SAR ADC. The result has demonstrated that our proposed algorithm has further improved the SNDR up to 5.86 dB for a 12–20-bit SAR ADC with multisegmented digital-to-analog converter (DAC) compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Band Gap Tuning in Transition Metal and Rare-Earth-Ion-Doped TiO2, CeO2, and SnO2 Nanoparticles

The energy gap Eg between the valence and conduction bands is a key characteristic of semiconductors. Semiconductors, such as TiO2, SnO2, and CeO2 have a relatively wide band gap Eg that only allows the material to absorb UV light. Using the s-d microscopic model and the Green’s function method, we have shown two possibilities to reduce the band-gap energy Eg—reducing the NP size and/or ion doping with transition metals (Co, Fe, Mn, and Cu) or rare earth (Sm, Tb, and Er) ions. Different strains appear that lead to changes in the exchange-interaction constants, and thus to a decrease in Eg. Moreover, the importance of the s-d interaction, which causes room-temperature ferromagnetism and band-gap energy tuning in dilute magnetic semiconductors, is shown. We tried to clarify some discrepancies in the experimental data.
A wavy twisted neutral sheet observed by CLUSTER

From July to October 2001, the Cluster satellites were located within the magnetotail and crossings of the neutral sheet were frequently observed by the FGM instrument [ Balogh et al., 2001 ]. The neutral sheet often appears to be moving relative to the spacecraft. Multiple crossings of the neutral sheet on August 3, 2001 are analysed. These neutral sheet crossings were rather unusual. Spacecraft 2, which is in the northwestern part of the Cluster tetrahedron, leads the crossing from the north to the south lobe which implies a strongly twisted magnetotail on a local scale. Examining the solar wind interplanetary magnetic field conditions, we postulate that a wavy motion in the dawn‐dusk direction is superimposed on an extremely twisted and warped neutral sheet.
Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Spectroscopy of the Environment in the Starburst Core of M82

We present optical HST STIS observations made with two slits crossing four of the optically brightest starburst clumps near the nucleus of M82. These provide Hα kinematics, extinction, electron density, and emission measures. From the radial velocity curves derived from both slits we confirm the presence of a stellar bar. We derive a new model for the orientation of the bar and disk with respect to the main starburst clumps and the cluster M82-A1. We propose that clump A has formed within the bar region as a result of gas interactions between the bar orbits, whereas region C lies at the edge of the bar and regions D and E are located farther out from the nucleus but heavily obscured. We derive extremely high interstellar densities of 500-900 cm-3, corresponding to ISM pressures of P/k ≈ (0.5-1.0) × 107 cm-3 K, and discuss the implications of the measured gas properties on the production and evolution of the galactic wind. Despite varying pressures, the ionization parameter is uniform down to parsec scales, and we discuss why this might be so. Where the signal-to-noise ratios of our spectra are high enough, we identify multiple emission-line components. Through detailed Gaussian line fitting, we identify a ubiquitous broad (200-300 km s-1) underlying component to the bright Hα line and discuss the physical mechanism(s) that could be responsible for such widths. We conclude that evaporation and/or ablation of material from interstellar gas clouds caused by the impact of high-energy photons and fast flowing cluster winds produce a highly turbulent layer on the surface of the clouds from which the emission arises.
Increasing the productivity of rajma through proper sowing date and plant geometry

Rajma (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation is gaining popularity in Terai to Hills of Nepal. The poor plant establishment and yield due to the results of unsuitable sowing time and row spacing are the main reasons for lower productivity of it. Therefore, the date of sowing and row spacing trials were conducted in two consecutive years, 2017 and 2018 at the Grain Legumes Research Program, Khajura, Banke. A widespread and registered variety of rajma PDR 14 was used in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four sowing dates (a) 11th October, (b) 26th October, (c) 10th November and (d) 25th November as the main-factor, and three rows spacing (a) 30 cm, (b) 40 cm and (c) 50 cm as the sub-factor, consisted of three replications. The effect of the date of sowing on all the yield and yield attributing characters was found significant at a one percent significance level. Similarly, row spacing has resulted in a significant difference in grain yield. Rajma sown on 26th October (Kartik 9) produced 12, 38 and 64% higher grain yield than sown on 11th October, 10th November and 25th November, respectively. Moreover, rajma seeds sown on 26th October with 30 cm × 10 cm plant geometry produced the highest grain yield (2185 kg/ha). The narrow row spacing seemed well than the wider row in rajma production. There is a great potential to increase the production and productivity of rajma through an appropriate time of sowing and row spacing.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Conformation Traits and Milk Production Traits in Chinese Holsteins

Simple Summary Genetic parameters can reflect some regulars of quantitative traits in the population, and the estimation of genetic parameters is very important for cow breeding. The conformation traits of dairy cows are closely related to their milk production and reproduction, which are among the most important traits in dairy breeding. At the same time, milk production of dairy cows has always been the focus of attention at the cattle farm. Studies have shown that there are genetic correlations between conformation traits and milk production traits. For example, taller cows produce more milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic correlations between conformation traits and milk production traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cows. In this study, we estimated the heritability of 23 conformation traits and five milk production traits and the genetic correlation between them using DMU software combined with single-trait and multiple-trait animal models. The heritability of conformation traits was medium in Holstein cows in Ningxia, China. In addition, there were positive genetic correlations between most conformation traits and milk production traits. Abstract The objective of this study was to explore the genetic parameters of conformation traits and milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cattle and to provide a reference for dairy cattle breeding. We collected the phenotypic data of 23 conformation traits and five milk production traits of Chinese Holsteins and used animal models to estimate the genetic parameters of conformation traits and milk production traits. The estimated heritability of conformation traits ranged from 0.11 (angularity) to 0.37 (heel depth) and the genetic correlation between conformation traits ranged from −0.73 (bone quality and rear leg-rear view) to 0.76 (chest width and loin strength). The heritability of milk production traits ranged from 0.23 (somatic cell score) to 0.50 (305-d milk yield). The estimated values of genetic correlation between conformation traits and milk production traits ranged from −0.56 (heel depth and 305-d milk yield) to 0.57 (udder texture and milk fat percentage). There was a positive genetic correlation between most conformation traits and milk fat percentage, but a weak negative genetic correlation with milk yield. Strengthening the moderately and highly heritable milk production and conformation traits, especially the selection of rear udder traits and body shape total score, will be beneficial in improving the performance of dairy cows.
Discrete element modeling of direct shear tests for a granular material

A succinct 3D discrete element model, with clumps to resemble the real shapes of granular materials, is developed. The quaternion method is introduced to transform the motion and force of a clump between local and global coordinates. The Hertz–Mindlin elastic contact force model, incorporated with the nonlinear normal viscous force and the Mohr–Coulomb friction law, is used to describe the interactions between particles. The proposed discrete element model is used to simulate direct shear tests of the irregular limestone rubbles. The simulation results of vertical displacements and shear stresses with a mixture of clumps are compared well with that of laboratory tests. The bulk friction coefficients are calculated and discussed under different contact friction coefficients and normal stresses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THz/sub-THz direct detection detector on the basis of electron/hole heating in MCT layers

Direct detection thin-film bipolar narrow-gap Hg1−xCdxTe semiconductor is considered as a waveguide THz/sub-THz bolometer. The response of such thin layer detectors was calculated and measured in the ν = 0.037–1.54 THz frequency range at T ∼ 70–300 K. Noise equivalent power of such detectors can reach NEP300 K ∼ 4 × 10−10 W Hz−1/2 and NEP100 K ∼ 10−11 in the low-frequency part of the sub-THz spectral range.
Influence of geographic provenance on phenotypic variation in seed and kernel traits of the African oil tree from southern Benin and implications for species breeding

Knowledge of oilseeds plants’ traits and features is fundamental to understanding the natural selection process and improving conservation programs through species selection. As a forest oilseed, Ricinodendron heudelotii is the object of growing interest among value chain actors, who are increasingly interested in its intrinsic characteristics. To date, there is a lack of information on plant morphological traits for the selection of the best genotype, especially as far as seed and kernel traits are concerned. The aim of this study was to make a typology and establish the relationship between seed and kernel traits of Ricinodendron heudelotii, depending on provenances represented by wild populations of trees in southern Benin. We sampled the provenances constituted equally and per tree, ten random samples each of fruits, seeds, kernels, and shells were collected for measurement. Hierarchical classification, common component analysis, Pearson’s, and Chi-square association tests were performed for statistical analysis. Substantial variation between seed and kernel traits was observed between and within provenances. High coefficients of variation for the quantitative descriptors (length, width, and mass) of seeds and kernels appear to be the essential traits that discriminate the plant into two morphotypes. Furthermore, seed and kernel characteristics show a significant positive correlation with these discrimination criteria. The upper morphotype contains accessions from three provenances with huge seeds and kernels but few seeds per fruit, while the lower morphotype includes the other provenances with tiny seeds and kernels. The results of the study provided essential information that could be an avenue for improvement with further biochemical and molecular characterization studies.
The Tip Region of a Fluid-Driven Fracture in an Elastic Medium

The focus of this paper is on constructing the solution for a semi-infinite hydraulic crack for arbitrary toughness, which accounts for the presence of a lag of a priori unknown length between the fluid front and the crack tip. First, we formulate the governing equations for a semi-infinite fluid-driven fracture propagating steadily in an impermeable linear elastic medium. Then, since the pressure in the lag zone is known, we suggest a new inversion of the integral equation from elasticity theory to express the opening in terms of the pressure. We then calculate explicitly the contribution to the opening from the loading in the lag zone, and reformulate the problem over the fluid-filled portion of the crack. The asymptotic forms of the solution near and away from the tip are then discussed, It is shown that the solution is not only consistent with the square root singularity of linear elastic fracture mechanics, but that its asymptotic behavior at infinity is actually given by the singular solution of a semi-infinite hydraulic fracture constructed on the assumption that the fluid flows to the tip of the fracture and that the solid has zero toughness. Further, the asymptotic solution for large dimensionless toughness is derived, including the explicit dependence of the solution on the toughness. The intermediate part of the solution (in the region where the solution evolves from the near tip to the far from the tip asymptote) of the problem in the general case is obtained numerically and relevant results are discussed, including the universal relation between the fluid lag and the toughness.
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Confined Noncircular Turbulent Impinging Jets

Abstract A three dimensional computational fluid dynamic investigation is carried out to predict the turbulent flow and surface heat transfer under an impinging air jet issuing normally from a single noncircular orifice in a plate held parallel to the target surface. Static pressure distributions, velocity fields and local as well as average Nusselt number on the impinged surface are presented for square, elliptic, and rectangular orifices and compared with those for a circular orifice. Effects of jet Reynolds number as well as spacing between the nozzle plate and the impinged surface are examined using a two-layer κ–η turbulence model. Results show flow structure similarities between the characteristics of rectangular and elliptic jets of equal aspect ratio. Further, it is observed that noncircular impinging jets can provide higher average heat transfer rates than corresponding circular jets for certain geometric parameters viz. nozzle-to-plate spacing and the size of the averaging area used to compute the average Nusselt number.
Density-transition based electron injector for laser driven wakefield accelerators

We demonstrate a laser wakefield accelerator with a novel electron injection scheme resulting in enhanced stability, reproducibility, and ease of use. In order to inject electrons into the accelerating phase of the plasma wave, a sharp downward density transition is employed. Prior to ionization by the laser pulse this transition is formed by a shock front induced by a knife edge inserted into a supersonic gas jet. With laser pulses of 8 fs duration and with only 65 mJ energy on target, the accelerator produces a monoenergetic electron beam with tunable energy between 15 and 25 MeVand on average 3.3 pC charge per electron bunch. The shock-front injector is a simple and powerful new tool to enhance the reproducibility of laser-driven electron accelerators, is easily adapted to different laser parameters, and should therefore allow scaling to the energy range of several hundred MeV.
Spectrophotometry of two complete samples of flat radio spectrum quasars

Spectrophotometry of two complete samples of flat-spectrum radio quasars show that for these objects there is a strong correlation between the equivalent width of the CIV wavelength 1550 emission line and the luminosity of the underlying continuum. Assuming Friedmann cosmologies, the scatter in this correlation is a minimum for q (sub o) is approximately 1. Alternatively, luminosity evolution can be invoked to give compact distributions for q (sub o) is approximately 0 models. A sample of Seyfert galaxies observed with IUE shows that despite some dispersion the average equivalent width of CIV wavelength 1550 in Seyfert galaxies is independent of the underlying continuum luminosity. New redshifts for 4 quasars are given.