Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of varieties on potential nutritive value of pistachio hulls.

The aim of this study was to determine the potential nutritive value of pistachio hulls obtained from six different varieties using chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. In vitro gas productions of pistachio hulls were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times and their gas production kinetics were described. There is considerable variation among pistachio hulls obtained from six different varieties in terms of chemical composition and in vitro gas production, metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Dry matter (DM) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 26.45 to 29.25%. Ash content of pistachio hulls ranged from 8.50 to 19.86%. The crude protein (CP) contents of pistachio hulls ranged 7.27 to 14.99%. The hulls from Kırmızı, Ohadi and Keten Gömlegi (KG) had significantly higher CP contents than the others. The NDF and ADF contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 18.25 to 22.49% and 14.32 to 18.29% respectively. The pistachio hulls from Ohadi and Uzun had significantly higher NDF and ADF contents than the others. The CT contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 2.03 to 2.63%. The hulls from Beyaz Ben (BB) had significantly higher CT content than that of KG. The gas production rate ranged from 0.071 to 0.107%. The gas production rate of pistachio hulls from Sultani and KG were significantly higher than the others. The potential gas production of pistachio hulls ranged from 65.92 to 73.46 mL. The potential gas production of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher than the others. The ME and OMD contents of pistachio hulls ranged from 9.76 to 11.05 MJ/kg DM and 69.00 to 74.50% respectively. The ME contents of pistachio hulls from BB and Ohadi were significantly higher than those of Kırmızı, Uzun and KG whereas the OMD contents of pistachio hulls from Ohadi were significantly higher than those of pistachio hulls for Kırmızı, Sultani, Uzun and KG. In conclusion, chemical characterization with CP, OMD and ME suggests that the pistachio hulls had moderate level of CP concentration and was quite digestible therefore it can be said that pistachio hulls will provide feedstuffs of an acceptable quality for ruminant animals.
Relationships between Presence of the Eye Cup and Maintenance of Lens‐Forming Capacity in Larval Xenopus laevis

The lentectomized eye of larval Xenopus laevis can regenerate a lens by a process of lens‐transdifferentiation of the cornea and pericorneal epidermis. These tissues can form the lens only when they become in direct communication with the environment of the vitreous chamber (neural retina) indicating that the eye cup plays a fundamental role in this process.
Protein and Lipid Composition of Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Livers

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to chemically evaluate the lipid and protein from pollock male and female livers. Pollock livers, regardless of gender, were over 50% lipid, with about 98% of the lipid in the form of triacylglycerides. Protein content of male and female livers was similar at approximately 7%. Most of the fatty acids content was not significantly different between males and females. The abundance of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in all extracted oils averaged about 20%, 55% and 24%, respectively. The omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels of all livers were approximately 22% and 2.0%, respectively. Only small gender differences were detected between pollock liver lipids and protein. Pollock liver protein is of high quality and extracted oil is a valuable source of omega-3 fatty acids. The contents of most amino acids in the samples were similar for both males and females, and samples had high levels of methionine (3.2 and 3.6%), lysine (6.8 and 7.6%) and other essential amino acids.
Metronomic chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate for advanced breast cancer: Real‐world data analyses and experience of one center

Real‐world data of the CM regimen [cyclophosphamide (CTX) plus methotrexate (MTX)] in metronomic pattern for advanced breast cancer is limited to small‐sample or retrospective studies. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of CM regimen in treating advanced breast cancer and to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from metronomic CM regimen.
Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: les liaisons dangereuses

Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 19 and have a worse outcome when infected, but translating this notion into effective action is challenging. At present it is unclear whether cardiovascular therapies may reduce the likelihood of infection, or improve the survival of infected patients. Given the crucial importance of this issue for clinical cardiologists and all specialists dealing with coronavirus disease 19, we tried to recapitulate the current evidence and provide some practical recommendations.
The Inpact of River Discharge on Distribution and Production of the School Prawn Metapenaeus macleayi (Haswell) (Crustacea : Penaeidae) in the Clarence River Region, Northern New South Wales

Relationships between river discharge and production (catch) of the school prawn M. macleayi were examined as part of an ecological study of this species in the Clarence River region. Schooling behaviour of juvenile M. macleayi exhibited a lunar periodicity and mean daily abundance peaked 5 days after full moon. This was followed 7 days later by a peak in mean daily abundance of emigrating juvenile M. macleayi. Fluctuations in the magnitude of the oceanic component of the total annual catch were found to determine the difference between high and low production seasons. During the period examined there was a direct relationship between Clarence River discharge and the oceanic component of total production of M. macleayi, for various time periods. The absence of a persistent trend in total annual production and annual catch per unit effort of M. macleayi in the Clarence River region suggests that the stock has not been overfished. Common peaks in mean monthly oceanic production of M. macleayi off the Clarence, Evans and Richmond Rivers suggest a common enhancement of the seasonal emigration of M. macleayi from the three estuaries in November due to increased river discharges. Successive troughs and peaks in mean monthly oceanic production suggest a northwards migration of M. macleayi from the Clarence and Evans Rivers and subsequent recruitment to the Evans and Richmond ocean fisheries respectively. Results indicate the importance of river discharge to production of M. macleayi and suggest that modification of discharges by restriction of freshwater flow could adversely effect production.
Presence of intradermal chigger mite Hannemania hylae (Ewing, 1925) (Acari: Leeuwenhoekiidae) in the troglophile frog Eleutherodactylus longipes (Anura: Brachycephalidae) at Los Riscos Cave, Querétaro, Mexico

ABSTRACT For the first time, we report the presence of Hannemania hylae (Ewing) parasitizing the long-footed robber frog Eleutherodactylus longipes (Baird) in a cave environment in Queretaro State, Mexico. A morphological comparison was performed between H. hylae and its closest species Hannemania bufonis Loomis and Welbourn and Hannemania monticola Welbourn and Loomis. The main characters to separate these species are the size of ocular plate, the length of some scutal setae, and the shape and length of some tarsal setae of the legs I and II. We inspected 47 frogs, the prevalence of infestation was 23.4%, mean abundance was 1.8 mites per host, mean intensity 7.9 mites per infested host, and the range intensity was 1–30 mites. Larvae of H. hylae were only collected during the dry season. A brief discussion is provided about the period of larval stage on the host and seasonality is compared with similar studies.
Uncertainty, priors, autocorrelation and disparate data in downscaling of species distributions

We provide a step‐by‐step demonstration of how a map of species' detections at continental extent can be downscaled to a fine‐grain map of occurrence probabilities using a two‐scale hierarchical Bayesian modelling (HBM). The method requires fine‐grain environmental data, but it does not require fine‐grain data on species detections. We demonstrate how it can incorporate spatial autocorrelation (SAC) and informative priors based on known habitat preferences, and how it can provide maps of uncertainty about the downscaled predictions.
Effectiveness of very low-volume preparation for colonoscopy: A prospective, multicenter observational study

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of colonoscopy strictly depends on adequate bowel cleansing. Recently, a 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbate (PEG-ASC) solution (Plenvu; Norgine, Harefield, United Kingdom) has been introduced on the evidence of three phase-3 randomized controlled trials, but it had never been tested in the real-life. AIM To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of the 1 L preparation compared to 4 L and 2 L- PEG solutions in a real-life setting. METHODS All patients undergoing a screening or diagnostic colonoscopy after a 4, 2 or 1 L PEG preparation, were consecutively enrolled in 5 Italian centers from September 2018 to February 2019. The primary endpoints of the study were the assessment of bowel cleansing success and high-quality cleansing of the right colon. The secondary endpoints were the evaluation of tolerability, adherence and safety of the different bowel preparations. Bowel cleansing was assessed through the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Adherence was defined as consumption of at least 75% of each dose, while tolerability was evaluated through a semi-quantitative scale. Safety was systematically monitored through adverse events reporting. RESULTS Overall, 1289 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. Of these, 490 patients performed a 4 L-PEG preparation (Selgesse®), 566 a 2 L-PEG cleansing (Moviprep® or Clensia®) and 233 a 1 L-PEG preparation (Plenvu®). Bowel cleansing by Boston Bowel Preparation Scale was 6.5 ± 1.5 overall and 6.3 ± 1.5, 6.2 ± 1.5, 7.3 ± 1.5 (P < 0.001) in the subgroups of 4 L, 2 L and 1 L-PEG preparation, respectively. Cleansing success was achieved in 72.4%, 74.1% and 90.1% (P < 0.001), while a high-quality cleansing of the right colon in 15.9%, 12.0% and 41.4% (P < 0.001) for 4 L, 2 L and 1 L-PEG preparation groups, respectively. The 1 L preparation was the most tolerated compared to the 2 and 4 L-PEG solutions in the absence of serious adverse events within any of the three groups. Multiple regression models confirmed 1 L PEG-ASC preparation as an independent predictor of overall cleansing success, high-quality cleansing of the right colon and of tolerability. CONCLUSION This study supports the effectiveness and tolerability of 1 L PEG-ASC, also showing it is an independent predictor of overall cleansing success, high-quality cleansing of the right colon and of tolerability.
The occurrence of unisexuality and polyploidy in Isotoma fluviatilis

In northern New South Wales Isotoma fluviatilis is diploid and hermaphrodite; in southern New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania it is tetraploid and hermaphrodite; on the coastal plain to the west and north of Sydney it is diploid and dioecious; and near Rylstone (N.S.W.) there occurs one gynodioecious population. The morphology of the different forms is described, and the possibility is discussed that unisexuality and polyploidy in I. Fluviatilis represent alternative mechanisms by which hybridity has been increased in inbreeding marginal populations of diploid hermaphrodites, and that these two mechanisms have been associated with the elaboration of genetic constitutions enabling new territory to be invaded.
Biomechanical responses of young adults with unilateral transfemoral amputation using two types of mechanical stance control prosthetic knee joints

Background: Prosthetic knee joint function is important in the rehabilitation of individuals with transfemoral amputation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the gait patterns associated with two types of mechanical stance control prosthetic knee joints—weight-activated braking knee and automatic stance-phase lock knee. It was hypothesized that biomechanical differences exist between the two knee types, including a prolonged swing-phase duration and exaggerated pelvic movements for the weight-activated braking knee during gait. Study design: Prospective crossover study. Methods: Spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters were obtained via instrumented gait analysis for 10 young adults with a unilateral transfemoral amputation. Discrete gait parameters were extracted based on their magnitudes and timing. Results: A 1.01% ± 1.14% longer swing-phase was found for the weight-activated braking knee (p < 0.05). The prosthetic ankle push-off also occurred earlier in the gait cycle for the weight-activated braking knee. Anterior pelvic tilt was 3.3 ± 3.0 degrees greater for the weight-activated braking knee. This range of motion was also higher (p < 0.05) and associated with greater hip flexion angles. Conclusions: Stance control affects biomechanics primarily in the early and late stance associated with prosthetic limb loading and unloading. The prolonged swing-phase time for the weight-activated braking knee may be associated with the need for knee unloading to initiate knee flexion during gait. The differences in pelvic tilt may be related to knee stability and possibly the different knee joint stance control mechanisms. Clinical relevance Understanding the influence of knee function on gait biomechanics is important in selecting and improving treatments and outcomes for individuals with lower-limb amputations. Weight-activated knee joints may result in undesired gait deviations associated with stability in early stance-phase, and swing-phase initiation in the late stance-phase of gait.
Fish abundance with no fishing: Predictions based on macroecological theory

1. Fishing changes the structure of fish communities and the relative impacts of fishing are assessed usefully against a baseline. A comparable baseline in all regions is fish community structure in the absence of fishing. 2. The structure of unexploited communities cannot always be predicted from historical data because fisheries exploitation usually precedes scientific investigation and non-fisheries impacts, such as climate change, modify ecosystems over time. 3. We propose a method, based on macroecological theory, to predict the abundance and size-structure of an unexploited fish community from a theoretical abundance-body mass relationship (size spectrum). 4. We apply the method in the intensively fished North Sea and compare the predicted structure of the unexploited fish community with contemporary community data. 5. We suggest that the current biomass of large fishes weighing 4-16 kg and 16-66 kg, respectively, is 97.4% and 99.2% lower than in the absence of fisheries exploitation. The results suggest that depletion of large fishes due to fisheries exploitation exceeds that described in many short-term studies. 6. Biomass of the contemporary North Sea fish community (defined as all fishes with body mass 64 g-66 kg) is 38% lower than predicted in the absence of exploitation, while the mean turnover time is almost twice as fast (falls from 3.5 to 1.9 years) and 70% less primary production is required to sustain it. 7. The increased turnover time of the fish community will lead to greater interannual instability in biomass and production, complicating management action and increasing the sensitivity of populations to environmental change. 8. This size-based method based on macroecological theory may provide a powerful new tool for setting ecosystem indicator reference levels, comparing fishing impacts in different ecosystems and for assessing the relative impacts of fishing and climate change.
Fine Particle Iron in Soils and Road Dust is Modulated by Coal-Fired Power Plant Sulfur.

Transition metal ions, such as water-soluble iron (WS-Fe), are toxic components of fine particles (PM2.5). In Atlanta from 1998 to 2013, a previous study found that WS-Fe was the PM2.5 species most associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We examined this data set to investigate the sources of WS-Fe and effects of air quality regulations on ambient levels of WS-Fe. We find insoluble forms of iron in mineral and road dust combined with sulfate from coal-fired electrical generating units were converted to soluble forms by sulfate-driven acid-dissolution. Sulfate produced both the highly acidic aerosol (summer pH 1.5-2) and liquid water required for the aqueous phase acid-dissolution, but variability in WS-Fe was mainly driven by particle liquid water. These processes were more pronounced in summer when particles were most acidic, whereas in winter the relative importance of WS-Fe from combustion emissions increased. Although WS-Fe constituted a minute fraction of PM2.5 mass (0.15%), the WS-Fe-PM2.5 mass correlation was high (r=0.67) and may be explained by these formation routes, which in part, could account for observed associations between PM2.5 mass and adverse health seen in past studies. Similar processes are expected in many regions, implying these unexpected benefits from coal-burning reduction may be widespread.
Progesterone receptor promotes degradation of STAT2 to inhibit the interferon response in breast cancer

ABSTRACT Type I (IFNα/β) interferon signaling represents a critical transduction pathway involved in recognition and destruction of nascent tumor cells. Downregulation of this pathway to promote a more immunosuppressed microenvironment contributes to the ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system, a known Hallmark of Cancer. The present study investigates the progesterone receptor (PR), which is expressed in the vast majority of breast cancers, and its ability to inhibit efficient interferon signaling in tumor cells. We have shown that PR can block the interferon signaling cascade by promoting ubiquitination and degradation of STAT2. Targeting STAT2 is critical, as we show that it is an essential protein in inducing transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG); shRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT2 severely abrogates the interferon response in vitro. Importantly, we were able to reverse this inhibition by treating with onapristone, an anti-progestin currently being investigated in breast cancer clinical trials. Additionally, we have found that an interferon-related gene signature (composed of ISGs) is inversely correlated with PR expression in human tumors. We speculate that PR inhibition of interferon signaling may contribute to creating an immunosuppressed microenvironment and reversal of this through anti-progestins may present a novel therapeutic target to promote immune activity within the tumor.
Demography and decline of the Mentasta caribou herd in Alaska

We evaluated population trends in the Mentasta caribou (Rangifer tarandus (L., 1758)) herd in Wrangell – St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska, from 1990 to 1997 and determined factors contributing to its decline. We postulated that predation-related mortality of adult females and juveniles was the proximate cause of the decline, and that survival of juvenile caribou reflected interactions with winter severity, calving distribution, timing of births, density of caribou, and physical condition of neonates at birth. The population declined at its greatest rate from 1990 to 1993 (r = –0.32) and at a lower rate from 1994 to 1997 (r = –0.09). Recruitment (number of calves/100 females during September) averaged 4/100 during the rapid population decline from 1990 to 1993 and 13/100 from 1994 to 1997. Parturition rate of adult females ranged from 65% to 97%. Survival of adult females and juveniles ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 and from 0.00 to 0.22, respectively. Approximately 43%, 59%, and 79% of all juvenile .
Genotype–environment interaction expressed in the foraging behaviour of dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus (L.), under simulated environmental hazard

The foraging behaviour of sub–adult Nucella lapillus originating from different field populations, was monitored for ten alternating, biweekly, periods of calm and wave action simulated in a tidal aquarium. Because the dogwhelks were reared under standard laboratory conditions, any behavioural differences among the experimental populations could reasonably be inferred to be linked to some genetically based mechanism. In order to forage, the dogwhelks had to leave a refugium, traverse empty ‘habitat’ and enter a patch of mussels serving as prey. Wave action markedly depressed foraging activity, increased foraging latency and lowered the patch–residence–time index. Dogwhelks derived from populations naturally occurring on shores exposed to wave action reduced their foraging activity less strongly than those derived from sheltered–shore populations, but geographical origin (Plymouth or Anglesey) had no significant influence on foraging behaviour. A simple interpretation was offered, linking the differential behavioural response to habitat–specific shell morphology, known to be heritable. According to this interpretation, all dogwhelks react similarly to the drag forces generated by wave action, but the relatively shorter–spired shells of exposed–shore dogwhelks cause weaker resultant forces than the taller–spired shells of sheltered–shore individuals. Consequently, exposed–shore dogwhelks tolerate higher levels of wave action than sheltered–shore morphs before suppressing their foraging behaviour. As exposed–shore dogwhelks have greater tenacity associated with relatively larger pedal area, the increased tolerance of wave action extends opportunities for foraging without incurring extra risk of dislodgement. The sheltered–shore morphology, which imparts greater resistance to desiccation, coincidentally increases drag and so makes dogwhelks more likely to seek refuge during occasional periods of heavy wave action. Exposed– and sheltered–shore morphologies therefore represent genotype/environment interaction that is apparently adaptive, in part, through its effect on foraging behaviour.
Genetic correlations between measures of beef quality traits and their predictions by near-infrared spectroscopy in the Piemontese cattle breed

Abstract The aims of this study were to predict beef quality traits (BQ: colour, shear force, drip and cooking losses) of Piemontese cattle using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to estimate genetic parameters for measured BQ and their predictions by NIRS. Heritabilities and genetic correlations for measured BQ and their predictions based on NIRS were estimated through bivariate Bayesian analyses. Heritability estimates for measured BQ were of intermediate magnitude (from 0.10 to 0.63) and similar to those for NIRS predictions. The genetic correlations between BQ measures and their predictions by NIRS were very high for colour traits, high for drip loss, and nil for shear force and cooking loss. NIRS predictions can be proposed as indicator traits in breeding programs for enhancement of colour traits and drip loss.
Postharvest Disease of Grape Caused by Pestalotiopsis Species

収穫出荷されたブドウについて腐敗等の障害果実から糸状菌の分離を試みたところ,Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Pestalotiopsis, Stemphyrium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Aspergillus属菌が分離された。 これらの糸状菌を健全なブドウの果粒に接種したところ,有傷接種では分離されたすべての糸状菌が,また,無傷接種でも,Cladosporium, Fusarium, Aspergillus属菌以外の分離菌は果粒の腐敗等の病徴を再現した。 ブドウの障害果実からは2種類のPestalotiopsis属菌が分離され,それらは分生子の形態的特徴からP. menezesiana, P. uvicolaと同定された。 また,両菌とも接種によってブドウの果実に腐敗症状を再現した。 これらの2種のPestalotiopsis属菌は,ブドウ栽培圃場の未熟果実からも分離され,圃場に分布していることも確認された。 圃場分離菌株を健全なブドウ果実に接種した場合にも,出荷ブドウ果実の腐敗と同様の症状が観察された。 以上の結果から,ブドウ果実から分離されたP. menezesianaよびP. uvicolaは,ブドウ栽培圃場にも普遍的に分布しており,収穫出荷後においてブドウ果実に腐敗をもたらす病原菌となることが確認された。