Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What’s eating you? Risk factors for poor health behaviors among family caregivers

Abstract Objectives Overeating and obesity are major public health issues in the United States. Caregivers are at greater risk of engaging in poor health behaviors, such as emotional eating, to cope with the demands of caregiving. Using Heatherton and Baumeister (1991) Escape Theory, this study examines the associations between caregiver characteristics (i.e. age, gender, and BMI) and emotional eating, including the extent to which family strain mediates these associations. Method Data are from the MIDUS 3 dataset (N = 326) and include family caregivers of older adults and children with special health care needs (Mage = 62.88 years, SD = 10.28; 69.6% female). Results Female caregivers were more likely than male caregivers to engage in emotional eating. Age was significantly associated with emotional eating, where increased age was associated with less emotional eating. ANCOVA results indicated that obese caregivers were the most likely to engage in emotional eating. Results also indicated that family strain significantly mediated the association between caregiver age and emotional eating. Linear regression analyses indicated that female gender predicted emotional eating, although family strain did not mediate the association between gender and emotional eating. Similarly, after controlling for family strain as a mediator, higher BMI was still significantly associated with emotional eating, suggesting that BMI is a strong predictor of emotional eating among family caregivers regardless of present family strain. Conclusion Interventions targeted at managing family strain, particularly for younger, female caregivers, could improve coping and decrease poor health behaviors.
Effect of Statewide Social Distancing and Stay-At-Home Directives on Orthopaedic Trauma at a Southwestern Level 1 Trauma Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objectives: To compare orthopaedic trauma volume and mechanism of injury before and during statewide social distancing and stay-at-home directives. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients/Participants: One thousand one hundred thirteen patients sustaining orthopaedic trauma injuries between March 17 and April 30 of years 2018, 2019, and 2020. Intervention: Statewide social distancing and stay-at-home directives. Main Outcome Measurements: Number of consults, mechanism of injury frequency, and type of injury frequency. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, orthopaedic trauma consult number decreased. Injuries due to gunshot wounds increased and those due to automobile versus pedestrian accidents decreased. Time-to-presentation increased and length of stay decreased. Operative consults remained unchanged. Conclusions: Orthopaedic trauma injuries continued to occur during the COVID-19 pandemic at an overall decreased rate, however, with a different distribution in mechanism and type of injury. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Obesity Doubles Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Paris Hospitals, France: A Cohort Study on 5,795 Patients

Preliminary data from different cohorts of small sample size or with short follow‐up indicate poorer prognosis in people with obesity compared with other patients. This study aims to precisely describe the strength of association between obesity in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and mortality and to clarify the risk according to usual cardiometabolic risk factors in a large cohort.
Differing trabecular bone architecture in dinosaurs and mammals contribute to stiffness and limits on bone strain

The largest dinosaurs were enormous animals whose body mass placed massive gravitational loads on their skeleton. Previous studies investigated dinosaurian bone strength and biomechanics, but the relationships between dinosaurian trabecular bone architecture and mechanical behavior has not been studied. In this study, trabecular bone samples from the distal femur and proximal tibia of dinosaurs ranging in body mass from 23–8,000 kg were investigated. The trabecular architecture was quantified from micro-computed tomography scans and allometric scaling relationships were used to determine how the trabecular bone architectural indices changed with body mass. Trabecular bone mechanical behavior was investigated by finite element modeling. It was found that dinosaurian trabecular bone volume fraction is positively correlated with body mass similar to what is observed for extant mammalian species, while trabecular spacing, number, and connectivity density in dinosaurs is negatively correlated with body mass, exhibiting opposite behavior from extant mammals. Furthermore, it was found that trabecular bone apparent modulus is positively correlated with body mass in dinosaurian species, while no correlation was observed for mammalian species. Additionally, trabecular bone tensile and compressive principal strains were not correlated with body mass in mammalian or dinosaurian species. Trabecular bone apparent modulus was positively correlated with trabecular spacing in mammals and positively correlated with connectivity density in dinosaurs, but these differential architectural effects on trabecular bone apparent modulus limit average trabecular bone tissue strains to below 3,000 microstrain for estimated high levels of physiological loading in both mammals and dinosaurs.
Characterization of voltage-dependent calcium channels in T lymphocytes

In T lymphocytes, sustained calcium (Ca ) influx through Ca channels localized in the plasma membrane is critical for T cell activation and proliferation. Previous studies intimated that L-type voltage-dependent C a 2 + channels (VDCCs) play a role in C a 2 + mobilization during T lymphocyte activation. However, the function of VDCCs in these non-excitable cells is still poorly understood. In order to explore the role of L-type VDCCs in T lymphocytes, molecular and pharmacological analyses were employed to identify L-type VDCCs, and to define their contribution to C a 2 + influx pathways in T lymphocytes. In human T lymphocytes, two novel splice isoforms of the channel-forming O C I F subunit of retinal L-type V D C C were identified. It was found that both of the ociF-subunit splice isoforms contain unique structural features, distinct from the 0Ci F-subunit originally isolated from human retina that may render these channel variants insensitive to changes in membrane depolarization. Through cDNA cloning with a human spleen library, the complete cDNA sequence of one of the 0Ci F-subunit splice variants was isolated for future functional studies. The mRNA expression of the aiF-subunit splice isoforms appeared to be regulated by T cell receptor (TCR)-induced activation in the human Jurkat T cell leukemia line, and to a lesser extent in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBTs). In addition, the 0CiF-subunit protein was detected in Jurkat T cells and human PBTs. To further investigate the contribution of C a 2 + influx through L-type VDCCs, the effects of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) L-type Ca channel agonist, (+/-) Bay K 8644, and antagonist, nifedipine, on Jurkat T cells, human PBTs and mouse splenocytes were
Austrian University Hospital Physicians’ Barriers to and Reasons for Assessing Their Patients’ Sexual Orientation

ABSTRACT The current online-questionnaire study examined physicians’ (N = 135; 51.9% women and 48.1% men) attitudes toward homosexuality and assessed physicians’ barriers to and reasons for asking patients about their sexual orientation at an Austrian university hospital. Only 37.1% of female physicians and 27.7% of male physicians included questions about their patients’ sexual orientation in everyday clinical practice. The most commonly reported barrier was the belief that sexual orientation was irrelevant for healthcare. Reported discomfort or negative attitudes toward homosexuality were low and did not play a role in the frequency of physicians’ everyday assessment of patients’ sexual orientation. Physicians mostly stated concerns for their patients’ sexual health as reasons for assessing sexual orientation. Medical education or training programs need to include more thorough education with regard to sexual orientation, minority stress and health disparities. It is important that physicians recognize the relevance of assessing their patients’ sexual orientation.
Does Religion Prevent LGBTQ Acceptance? A Case Study with Queer and Trans Muslims in Toronto, Canada

ABSTRACT This paper looks at the terms and conditions of acceptance for queer and trans Muslims in dominant Muslim groups. The social tension between LGBTQ Identity and religion is explored through ethnographic research with “hybrid” LGBTQ Muslim organizations and “non-hybrid” Muslim ones in Toronto, Canada. The study draws on forty-seven in-depth interviews conducted with leaders of both hybrid groups and non-hybrid ones, in order to explore (1) what the acceptance of LGBTQ Muslims constitutes, (2) whether acceptance is acquired/conferred, and (3) whether religion prevents acceptance. I measure degrees of acceptance by comparing non-hybrid interviewee responses to characteristics that constitute ideal types of “acceptance” and “non-acceptance. ” Responses are weighed against interviews with hybrid group leaders as well as participant-observation data. Results show a range of four acceptance levels for non-hybrid Muslim groups. The data also show that religious belief alone does not explain or account for acceptance.
Antituberculosis BCG vaccination: more reasons for varying innate and adaptive immune responses.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces variable protection against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and a more effective TB vaccine is needed. The potential for BCG to provide protection against heterologous infections, by induction of innate immune memory, is increasingly recognised. These non-specific responses may substantially benefit public health, but are also variable. In this issue of the JCI, Koeken and de Bree et al. report that BCG reduces circulating inflammatory markers in males but not in females, whilst de Bree and Mouritis et al. describe how diurnal rhythms affect the degree of BCG-induced innate memory. These studies further delineate factors that influence the magnitude of responses to BCG and may be crucial to harnessing its potential benefits.
An Investigation of Cyberloafing in Relation to Coping Styles and Psychological Symptoms in an Educational Setting

Cyberloafing, the intentional use of the Internet for personal purposes during class hours, has received the scholars' attention due to the increased access to digital devices in educational settings. Considering the possible negative consequences of misuse of the Internet on health and well-being, the current study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship by examining in detail the role of coping strategies. The sample consisted of 272 undergraduate students. The participants were asked to fill out items measuring cyberloafing behaviors, coping strategies (emotion-focused and problem-focused), and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, anger, and somatization). The results revealed that cyberloafing is positively related to psychological symptoms. Furthermore, it is observed that cyberloafing moderates the relationship between emotion-focused coping and psychological symptoms such that at high levels of cyberloafing, emotion-focused coping is associated with higher levels of psychological symptoms. These findings contribute to the existing literature on students’ psychological well-being in terms of highlighting its relation with coping strategies and problematic Internet use.
Steroid-Eluting Contact Lenses for Corneal and Intraocular Inflammation

Ocular inflammation is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and steroids in topical ophthalmic solutions (e.g. dexamethasone eye drops) are the mainstay of therapy for ocular inflammation. For many non-infectious ocular inflammatory diseases, such as uveitis, eye drops are administered as often as once every hour. The high frequency of administration coupled with the side effects of eye drops leads to poor adherence for patients. Drug-eluting contact lenses have long been sought as a potentially superior alternative for sustained ocular drug delivery; but loading sufficient drug into contact lenses and control the release of the drug is still a challenge. A dexamethasone releasing contact lens (Dex-Lens) was previously developed by encapsulating a dexamethasone-polymer film within the periphery of a hydrogel-based contact lens. Here, we demonstrate safety and efficacy of the Dex-Lens in rabbit models in the treatment of anterior ocular inflammation. The Dex-Lens delivered drug for 7 days in vivo (rabbit model). In an ocular irritation study (Draize test) with Dex-Lens extracts, no adverse events were observed in normal rabbit eyes. Dex-Lenses effectively inhibited suture-induced corneal neovascularization and inflammation for 7 days and lipopolysaccharide-induced anterior uveitis for 5 days. The efficacy of Dex-Lenses was similar to that of hourly-administered dexamethasone eye drops. In the corneal neovascularization study, substantial corneal edema was observed in rabbit eyes that received no treatment and those that wore a vehicle lens as compared to rabbit eyes that wore the Dex-Lens. Throughout these studies, Dex-Lenses were well tolerated and did not exhibit signs of toxicity. Dexamethasone-eluting contact lenses may be an option for the treatment of ocular inflammation and a platform for ocular drug delivery.
Intensive care and anesthetic management of patients with Brugada syndrome and COVID‐19 infection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) spreads across the world, and the intensive care unit (ICU) community must prepare for the challenges associated with this pandemic viral infection. Rapid diagnosis, isolation, and intensive clinical management are very important for all patients with COVID‐19, especially for those with cardiac diseases as Brugada syndrome (BrS). BrS is an arrhythmogenic disease reported to be one among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death. In these patients, episodes of lethal arrhythmias may be induced by several factors or situations, and for this reason management during ICU permanence or anesthesia must provide some precautions, avoiding factors that are known to have the potential to worsen the probability to induce arrhythmias. For ICU practitioners, management of acute respiratory failure, hemodynamics, and cardiovascular complications certainly are the key for the best treatment of these patients but to date specific data on supportive ICU care for these patients are lacking, and current recommendations are based on existing evidence from other viral infections and general intensive care management. We want to focus on some general rules, resulted from cases series and clinical practice, to be followed during the ICU management of patients with BrS and concomitant COVID‐19 infection.
Growth and Yield of Vegetable Soybean (Edamame) in Mississippi

Soybean (Glycine max) grown as a vegetable is gaining in popularity in the U.S. and demand is expected to increase over the long term. However, information on production in the U.S. is limited because most of the product is imported. Field experiments were conducted at Stoneville, Miss. , in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the production and yield potential and to estimate the net returns for sustainable production in the Mississippi Delta. In 2004, four vegetable soybean varieties were evaluated and 23 varieties were evaluated in 2005. The varieties varied from maturity group III to VII. The late-maturing varieties were generally taller, had more nodes/plant, pods/plant, and fresh green pod yield at R6 stage (full seed) than the early-maturing varieties. Fresh green bean yield ranged from 1438 to 19,119 lb/acre in 2004. The mean bean yield for the 18 Apr. 2005 planting was 26,538 lb/acre compared with a mean of 18,131 lb/acre for the 10 May 2005 planting. Interaction occurred between planting date and variety as well as soil type and variety for all the variables evaluated. ‘Envy’ produced the lowest yield, whereas ‘Garden Soy 01’, ‘Garden Soy 21’, ‘Midori Giant’, ‘Mojo Green’, and ‘Moon Cake’ produced the highest fresh bean yield. The estimated net returns, using the Mississippi State Budget Generator as a guide, indicated more than twice the returns from growing the regular commodity soybean. The data suggest that vegetable soybean can fit well into the existing cropping system and could be a viable alternative crop for growers in the Mississippi Delta who want to capitalize on a niche market.
Divergence, gene flow, and the origin of leapfrog geographic distributions: The history of colour pattern variation in Phyllobates poison‐dart frogs

The geographic distribution of phenotypic variation among closely related populations is a valuable source of information about the evolutionary processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. Leapfrog distributions, in which phenotypically similar populations are disjunctly distributed and separated by one or more phenotypically distinct populations, represent geographic replicates for the existence of a phenotype, and are therefore especially informative. These geographic patterns have mostly been studied from phylogenetic perspectives to understand how common ancestry and divergent evolution drive their formation. Other processes, such as gene flow between populations, have not received as much attention. Here, we investigate the roles of divergence and gene flow between populations in the origin and maintenance of a leapfrog distribution in Phyllobates poison frogs. We found evidence for high levels of gene flow between neighbouring populations but not over long distances, indicating that gene flow between populations exhibiting the central phenotype may have a homogenizing effect that maintains their similarity, and that introgression between ‘leapfroging’ taxa has not played a prominent role as a driver of phenotypic diversity in Phyllobates. Although phylogenetic analyses suggest that the leapfrog distribution was formed through independent evolution of the peripheral (i.e. leapfrogging) populations, the elevated levels of gene flow between geographically close populations poise alternative scenarios, such as the history of phenotypic change becoming decoupled from genome‐averaged patterns of divergence, which we cannot rule out. These results highlight the importance of incorporating gene flow between populations into the study of geographic variation in phenotypes, both as a driver of phenotypic diversity and as a confounding factor of phylogeographic inferences.
Evaluation of Biochars as Carriers for Rhizobium leguminosarum.

Peat is the standard carrier material used for commercial microbial inoculants produced in Canada and the US. Peat is a slowly-renewable resource and its production is extremely vulnerable to variable weather conditions. Furthermore, it may not be widely available in all countries. We investigated the potential to develop biochar as a carrier material. Our goal was to evaluate if different biochars perform comparably in supporting rhizobial survival, and what characteristics contributed to their ability to support rhizobial survival. Evaluation included characterization of the biochars, assessment of biochar phytotoxicity, survival of Rhizobium on biochars and growth chamber evaluation of two biochars as Rhizobium carriers for inoculating pea. Of the original nine biochars evaluated, six supported Rhizobium leguminosarum for 84 days at 4 C; two supported numbers >1x106 cfu g-1 biochar. The only characteristics that correlated with survival were C:N and % C. The two biochars evaluated delivered R. leguminosarum to pea that initiated nodulation, biomass production and biomass N at levels higher than a non-inoculated control and heat-killed inoculated biochars. We demonstrate that there is considerable potential to develop biochar as a carrier for rhizobial inoculants.
Tau‐induced upregulation of C/EBPβ‐TRPC1‐SOCE signaling aggravates tauopathies: A vicious cycle in Alzheimer neurodegeneration

Intracellular accumulating of the hyperphosphorylated tau plays a pivotal role in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer disease (AD), but the mechanisms underlying the gradually aggravated tau hyperphosphorylation remain elusive. Here, we show that increasing intracellular tau could upregulate mRNA and protein levels of TRPC1 (transient receptor potential channel 1) with an activated store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE), an increased intraneuronal steady‐state [Ca2+]i, an enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, an imbalanced protein kinases and phosphatase, and an aggravated tauopathy. Furthermore, overexpressing TRPC1 induced ER stress, kinases‐phosphatase imbalance, tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive deficits in cultured neurons and mice, while pharmacological inhibiting or knockout TRPC1 attenuated the hTau‐induced deregulations in SOCE, ER homeostasis, kinases‐phosphatase balance, and tau phosphorylation level with improved synaptic and cognitive functions. Finally, an increased CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBPβ) activity was observed in hTau‐overexpressing cells and the hippocampus of the AD patients, while downregulating C/EBPβ by siRNA abolished the hTau‐induced TRPC1 upregulation. These data reveal that increasing intracellular tau can upregulate C/EBPβ‐TRPC1‐SOCE signaling and thus disrupt phosphorylating system, which together aggravates tau pathologies leading to a chronic neurodegeneration.
The NTP generating activity of pyruvate kinase II is critical for apicoplast maintenance in Plasmodium falciparum

The apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum parasites is believed to rely on the import of three-carbon phosphate compounds for use in organelle anabolic pathways, in addition to the generation of energy and reducing power within the organelle. We generated a series of genetic deletions in an apicoplast metabolic bypass line to determine which genes involved in apicoplast carbon metabolism are required for blood-stage parasite survival and organelle maintenance. We found that pyruvate kinase II (PyrKII) is essential for organelle maintenance, but that production of pyruvate by PyrKII is not responsible for this phenomenon. Enzymatic characterization of PyrKII revealed activity against all NDPs and dNDPs tested, suggesting that it may be capable of generating a broad range of nucleotide triphosphates. Conditional mislocalization of PyrKII resulted in decreased transcript levels within the apicoplast that preceded organelle disruption, suggesting that PyrKII is required for organelle maintenance due to its role in nucleotide triphosphate generation.
Cross‐cultural translation and validation of the Malay version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Parent Rating Scale of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders symptoms among Malaysian probands: A preliminary study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Parent Rating Scale of attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) symptoms (M‐SNAP‐IV). For this purpose, the SNAP‐IV scale was translated into the Malay language and was pilot‐tested on 91 parents of children aged 8 to 11 years (ADHD [n = 36] and non‐ADHD children [n = 55]). The findings depicted that the M‐SNAP‐IV has excellent content validity, internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability. The M‐SNAP‐IV is a valid and reliable screening tool to detect ADHD symptoms in children and has the advantages to assess the specific presentation of ADHD.