Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-lingual Coreference Resolution and Neural Machine Translation

Like many other Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, coreference resolution has benefited massively from new developments in recent years. Deeper and more complex architectures enabled coreference resolution systems that work end-to-end, needing no additional input generated by separate models. Contextual word representations from pre-trained language models such as BERT further enhanced their performance. On the other hand, many of these new techniques can also be applied directly to downstream tasks like Neural Machine Translation (NMT), questioning the use of additional coreference information for these tasks. In this thesis, I evaluated different variants of BERT as a possible foundation for coreference resolution systems. Some of them promised to increase the performance, while others could reduce the models’ complexity and cut down the time needed to train the systems. Since most of the recent developments in the field of coreference resolution took place in the English language, I applied one of the best-performing models to the German language. Due to the cross-lingual capabilities of multilingual BERT variants such as M-BERT or XLM-RoBERTa, I was able to directly apply models trained exclusively on English data to German texts. To show the benefits transfer learning can bring to coreference resolution in languages with limited annotated data, I analyzed the cross-lingual models on datasets of different sizes. I augmented context-agnostic and context-aware NMT systemswith coreference information and compared their handling of pronouns to prove that coreference information, and thus coreference resolution, can still play a valuable role for specific downstream tasks. As part of this thesis, I reimplemented the most common state-of-the-art models in PyTorch and made them publicly available to give more people the opportunity to participate in the field of coreference resolution.
The Impact of No-Till Production on Agricultural Land Values

This study investigates the impact of no-till cropping systems on agricultural land values in the United States (US) Midwest. Two county-level panel data sets - the agricultural census farmland value data and the Iowa Farmland Values Survey data are separately merged with a novel satellite-based data set on no-till adoption rates to achieve the study objective. Based on linear ﬁxed eﬀect econometric models and a number of robustness checks, we ﬁnd that increasing no-till adoption rates has a statistically signiﬁcant positive eﬀect on agricultural land values. Results from the empirical analysis support the notion that economic and environmental beneﬁts from adopting soil conservation practices, such as no-till systems, are capitalized into higher farmland values.
Solution of Two Point Boundary Value Problems Using Wavelet Integrals

Abstract In this paper, we obtain some special types of integrals of Daubechies Wavelets which are used as Galerkin basis functions for numerical solution of partial differential equations of one dimension. Galerkin bases are constructed by integrating Daubechies functions which are compactly supported and which constitute an orthonormal basis of L2(R). Theoretical and numerical results are obtained for elliptic problems of second order with different types of boundary conditions. Optimal error estimates are also obtained. Comparison of solutions with simple finite difference method suggests that for this class of problems, the present method will provide a better alternative to other classical methods. The methodology can be generalized to multidimensional problems by taking care of some technical facts.
Sustainable Solutions for Energy and Environment, EENVIRO CFD study on convective heat exchange between impinging gas jets and solid surfaces

The paper is concerned with a CFD numerical investigation using the Fluent code of the convective heat exchange between an impinging gas jet at room temperature and a structured solid surface with square-shaped grooves which is maintained at constant temperature of 80°C . Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations coupled with the energy equation are performed for a planar jet on a 3D domain with periodic boundary conditions. The range of jet Reynolds numbers used for the simulations is in the interval from 2000 to 10000, while the jet standoff distance can take different values, ranging from 2 to 10 times the jet width b=2 mm. The detailed distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient and the mean Nusselt number at the impingement of the air jet on the impacted plate will be inferred. Finally, a comparison between the numerical results, a set of experiments performed and relevant cases from literature is made and conclusions are drawn. One main result of the study is the confirmation of the numerical procedure for the domain used.
PRICE TRANSMISSION FOR ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MILK PRODUCTS IN SWEDEN

Although much empirical work addresses the efficiency of food supply chains by studying price transmission, studies on quality-differentiated food are scarce, and particularly for organic food vis-á-vis conventional food. This study adds to this scarce literature by analysing wholesale to retail price transmission for organic and conventional milk in the Swedish milk sector, using time-series analysis applied to monthly price data for the period Jan 2007–Nov 2017. Estimations are performed using the non-linear ARDL model which allows for asymmetric cointegration of prices and a simultaneous analysis of short- and long-run asymmetry, the latter of which has been largely overlooked in previous studies. In the case of conventional milk, results indicate positive asymmetries both in the short-run and the long-run. For organic milk, the long-run positive asymmetry is smaller and not statistically significant in all specifications. Organic consumers are therefore likely to experience smaller differences between surplus losses and gains, following positive and negative wholesale price changes, respectively. the case in the Swedish milk market, and most work on agricultural markets show evidence of positive asymmetric price transmission. This study contributes to previous literature by (i) adding new knowledge on price transmission for quality-differentiated products, (ii) studying price transmission for organic and conventional food in a highly mature organic market, and (iii) employing an asymmetric cointegration framework, allowing for a simultaneous analysis of short- and long-run asymmetry, the latter of which has been largely overlooked in previous studies. The paper employs monthly wholesale prices for the period Jan 2007–Nov 2017 for organic and conventional branded milk, retrieved from a large Swedish dairy, and corresponding retail prices covering one Swedish region retrieved from the market research company AC Nielsen. Estimations are carried out using the NARDL model, developed by Shin et al. (2014). Results reveal incomplete price transmission, i.e., 𝛽 * ≠ 1, 𝛽 # ≠ −1, for both organic and conventional milk. In the case of conventional milk, results indicate positive asymmetries in magnitude both in the short-run and in the long-run. The finding of long-run asymmetry is itself an important result, as it shows the importance of allowing for non-linear cointegration of prices when studying price transmission. For organic milk, the long-run positive asymmetry is less pronounced and not statistically significant in all specifications. Organic consumers will therefore experience smaller differences between surplus losses and gains following positive and negative wholesale price changes, respectively. From a policy perspective, this difference in asymmetry suggests that the long-run impact of a change in wholesale price due to, e.g., changes in subsidies or differentiated VAT rates, is likely to be larger and less asymmetric in the case of organic milk compared to conventional milk.
Female Entrepreneurship and Trust in the Market

Commerce requires trust, but trust is difficult when one group consistently threatens to expropriate another. If men have a comparative advantage at violence, then without strong contract enforcement, unequal bargaining power can lead women to segregate into low-return industries and avoid entrepreneurship altogether. We present a model of female entrepreneurship that predicts women will only start businesses that interact primarily with men when external authorities can enforce contracts ex post, and when social norms support female bargaining power ex ante. The model’s predictions are supported both in cross-national data and with a new census of Zambian manufacturers. In Zambia, female entrepreneurs collaborate less, learn less from fellow entrepreneurs, earn less and segregate into industries with more women, but gender differences are ameliorated when women have access to adjudicating institutions, such as Lusaka’s “Market Chiefs” who are empowered to adjudicate small commercial disputes. We experimentally induce variation in local institutional quality in an adapted trust game, and find that this also reduces the gender gap in trust and economic activity. ∗Ashraf: London School of Economics, CEPR, and BREAD. (email: n.ashraf1@lse.ac.uk). Delfino: Bocconi University and LEAP. (email: alexia.delfino@unibocconi.it). Glaeser: Harvard University. (email: eglaeser@harvard.edu). We thank IGC, IDRC and PEDL for financial support. We thank comments by Andrei Shleifer, Jesse Shapiro, Christopher Woodruff, Paul Gertler, Bob Gibbons, Frank Schilbach, Alvin Roth, Stefano Caria, Nicola Lacetera, Rocco Macchiavello, Oriana Bandiera, and seminar participants at MIT, Stanford, Brown, the HEC Workshop on Entrepreneurship & Economics Development, the 2018 PEDL/IGC Conference, the LSE Entrepreneurship Conference, the workshop on Experimental Economics and Entrepreneurship, SIOE, the Milan Global Challenges Seminar. We thank inputs and policy engagement by Miljan Sladoje, Twivwe Siwale, Herryman Moono and Anand Rajaram. We thank IPA Zambia for field activities and Calvin Chiu for outstanding support throughout the project in the field. We thank Nick Swanson, Kate Laffan, Kim Sarnoff, Pascale Bourquin, Stefan Faridani, Miguel Fajardo, Edward Davenport and Sergio Inferrera for outstanding research assistance.
Improving Islamic Performance With Building Organizational Commitments Through Implementation Of Islamic Leadership And Islamic Organizational Culture

Studies on performance related to leadership and culture amendment from an Islamic aspect still need to be done and provide an excellent opportunity for the research team to explore information on Islamic boarding schools built and developed by religious leaders as "Ulama" on the island. Lombok. This study aims to analyze and determine Islamic leadership and organizational culture's influence on organizational commitment and performance. The object of this research is the Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Boarding School in Central Lombok Regency. To obtain data, the researcher used a sample survey method. The research population is all teachers, lecturers, and employees actively working at the Islamic Boarding School. The number of all members of the population is 275 people. For this study, the sample toke by purposive sampling of 155 people and used as respondents. The analysis used Partial Least Square. The results of the study (1) Islamic leadership has a positive and significant influence on Organizational Commitment. (2) Islamic Organizational Culture has a positive and significant influence on Organizational Commitment. (3) Islamic leadership has a positive and significant influence on Islamic performance. (4) Islamic Organizational Culture has a positive and significant influence on Islamic Performance. (5) Organizational Commitment has a positive and significant effect on Islamic Performance. The study findings expect to be used as a reference for the leadership elements of Islamic Boarding Schools to make policies regarding the application of Islamic leadership and Islamic work culture. In addition, the findings of this study can add to and support the results of previous studies.
The Effect of Ownership Structure on Financial Performance Leverage Mediation and Corporate Social Responsibility (Study on Goods and Consumption Industry Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)

: This study aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on financial performance mediated by leverage and corporate social responsibility. By using quantitative research methods using the analysis tool Eviews version 10. The sample of manufacturing companies in the goods and consumption industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2016-2020 with a total of 11 companies and a total sample of 55 data. Found a significant direct effect of ownership structure on financial performance. The significant indirect effect of the ownership structure is mediated by the leverage variable on the company's financial performance. Corporate social responsibility mediates the relationship of ownership structure to financial performance.
YAKE-Guided LDA approach for automatic classification of construction safety reports

– Identifying efficient processes for classifying text-based safety reports using Machine-Learning (ML) is an essential area of research. However, much of the previous work on the topic relies on supervised learning approaches, which are often manually intensive and require large volumes of pre-labeled data. To achieve reduced requirements for human intervention during the classification process, the current study tests the applicability and validity of a state-of-the-art unsupervised learning approach, i.e., Yet Another Keyword Extractor (YAKE) integrated with Guided Latent Dirichlet allocation (GLDA). The current study is the first known application of the approach for the construction sector. Web-based, readily accessible information is used to develop a domain corpus. The keywords obtained from the domain corpus using YAKE are seeded in GLDA to classify nearly 13,000 safety reports from two different datasets in 4 commonly used category labels. The study demonstrates that moderate to high classification performance is achievable through the YAKE-GLDA approach. A high F1 score of 0.82 for the Personal-protective equipment category and a total F1 score of 0.62 is achievable. Furthermore, the same domain corpus helps achieve good classification performance across different datasets, highlighting the generalizability of the YAKE-GLDA approach. However, results from novel sensitivity analysis show a non-generalizable trend for sensitivity to hyperparameters. Hence attention is warranted for potential consistency issues facing the approach. The preliminary results demonstrate outstanding potential for the YAKE-GLDA approach for wide-ranging adoption in the construction industry. However, future work should also focus on more granular classification labels applications and improving classification efficiency.
TRADE OPENNESS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

This study examines the economic growth and trade openness nexus in Nigeria between 1981 and 2018. Primarily, the need to empirically find out the magnitude effect degree of trade openness has on economic growth as measured by the growth rate in real gross domestic product, motivated this investigation. The study included degree of trade openness, nominal exchange rate, foreign direct investment, import and export indices in the model, deploying the Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) methodology to analyze the data obtained from the World Bank country reports, CBN statistical bulletin and data from the National Bureau of Statistics. The study found out that degree of openness fails to meet theoretical and a prior expectations in terms of predicting economic growth in Nigeria. In essence, the study found degree of trade openness to have a negative and significant impact of economic growth in Nigeria. This implies that the more we open our economy to foreign trade, the more growth is retarded. However, foreign direct investment (FDI) was found to have positive effect on Nigeria’s economic growth. The study concludes therefore that degree of trade openness in particular and foreign trade in general do not stimulate economic growth in Nigeria. The managers of the economy is, therefore, advised to pursue policies to will develop our domestic productive capacities, which could guarantee self-sufficiency in the long-run and halt our dependence on importations. A corollary benefit is that it would also save our foreign reserves and aid in stabilizing the value of the naira. The FDI channel show also be explored to attract needed capital for investment in Nigeria.
Recasting the Theory of Mosquito ‐ 1 Borne Pathogen Transmission Dynamics 2 and Control 3

Smith, David L. , Perkins, Alex, Reiner, Robert C. , Barker, Christopher M. , Niu, Tianchan, Fernando Chaves, Luis, Ellis, Alicia M. , George, Dylan B. , Le Menach, Arnaud, Pulliam, Juliet R.C. , Bisanzio, Donal, Buckee, Caroline, Chiyaka, Christinah, Cummings, Derek A.T. , García, Andrés J., Gatton, Michelle L. , Gething, Peter W. , Hartley, David M. , Johnston, Geoffrey, Klein, Eili Y. , Michael, Edwin, Lloyd, Alun L. , Pigott, David M. , Reisen, William K. , Ruktanonchai, Nick, Singh, Brajendra K. , Stoller, Jeremy, Tatem, Andrew J., Kitron, Uriel, Godray, H. Charles J., Cohen, Justin M. , Hay, Simon I. , & Scott, Thomas W. (2014) Recasting the theory of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission dynamics and control. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 108(4), pp. 185-197.
Game-based Theory Rational Delegation Learning Scheme

Many enterprises or smart mobile devices collecting user data (e.g. smart-watches and wearable healthcare devices, etc.) are limited by their own computing power, so can’t mine useful information from the data. To address this problem, this paper proposes a rational delegation machine learning pattern. In the proposed pattern, we ﬁrstly construct a reliable game model, and then build a formal model of delegation machine learning by delegation computation thought. Finally, we design a rational delegation learning scheme (RDLS) for decision tree model. The feasibility and reliability of the scheme are guaranteed by the incentive and constraint mechanism of game model. Moreover, we analyze the security and performance of the proposed scheme, the results show that the scheme reduces the client’s computing costs and can not disclose any useful information. Last but not least, the experimental result demonstrates that the scheme can obtain a decision tree model with high accuracy in the case of ensuring the security of data.
Determination of yeast diversity in fermented Sumbawa mare’s milk using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) fragment analysis

Aims: Molecular identification of yeast has been conducted on various fermentation products. However, the identification of yeast in fermented Sumbawa mare’s milk based on the genotyping method has not been carried out. This study was aimed to determine the diversity profile of yeasts in fermented Sumbawa mare’s milk using phenetic characters and PCR-RFLP analysis technique based on the ITS region . Methodology and results: Yeast isolates were phenotypically characterized and visualized in a dendrogram using CLAD97 software. Then, the yeast DNA was extracted using heat treatment and amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The amplicons were analyzed by RFLP using Hind III and Hae III enzymes. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0. Based on the result of grouping by phenetic analysis and PCR-RFLP, the 12 isolates were divided into four groups with different members. The results of the phenetic analysis were divided into group I (all isolates of Dompu), group II (isolate B3, B4, S3), group III (isolate B5) and group IV (isolate S1). The types of yeast that were identified molecularly and represented each group of PCR-RFLP results included in group I were Kluyveromyces marxianus D1A and K. marxianus D1B, group II: K. marxianus D7, group III: Kazachstania humilis D4, while milk from Bima and Sumbawa has one yeast species as a member of group IV, namely Pichia kudriavzevii B3. Kluyveromyces marxianus was the yeast frequently found in Sumbawa fermented mare’s milk. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Various yeast species as a consortium of the milk samples can contribute to the increasing quality of fermented Sumbawa mare’s milk.
Neural Architecture Search with Loss Flatness-aware Measure

We propose a new proxy measure for Neural Architecture Search (NAS) focusing on the flatness of loss surface. One step forward to the existing NAS studies utilizing the validation-set accuracy or angle which measures convergence speed during training, we claim that the flatness of the loss surface can be a promising proxy for predicting the generalization capability of neural network architectures. To validate the claim, we formulate a novel approach of capturing the depth and flatness of the loss surface around local minima of a given network architecture. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by performing experiments on various search spaces (NAS-Bench-201, DARTS), diverse datasets (CIFAR, ImageNet, MS-COCO), and various tasks such as object detection.
Modeling on mass loss and nose blunting of high-speed penetrator into concrete target

Mass loss and nose blunting of the projectile are often observed in high-speed penetration into concrete target. A new theoretical model is established to present the process of mass abrasion of projectile during penetration and to predict the mass loss and nose shape of the residual projectile after penetration. In order to better describe the effect of aggregate on the mass abrasion of penetrator, both the aggregate volume fraction and its shear strength are introduced into the present model. In the present model, the caliber-radius-head value of projectile nose is a key parameter and the mass loss and nose shape of projectile can be obtained easily only by solving a differential equation for the caliber-radius-head value and the penetrating velocity v, which is much more convenient than the incremental calculation and all other methods of mass receding of projectile outer surface. The calculation results show a good agreement with experimental results. According to the present model of mass abrasion, the depth of penetration of projectile and its acceleration curve during penetration are further calculated by considering the effects of mass loss and nose blunting of projectile.
THE PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY OF HITTITE INTERVOCALIC FORTIS AND LENIS STOPS

In the field of Hittite linguistics there is a longstanding debate on the phonetics of the Hittite fortis and lenis stops in intervocalic position, and on how to phonologically interpret the distinction between these two series. Although it is usually assumed that the two series were distinct in voice, /t/ vs. /d/, respectively, arguments in favor of a length distinction, /tː/ vs. /t/, have been put forward as well (Melchert 1994 and Kloekhorst 2008; 2014; 2016). This arti- cle will discuss two recent treatments of this topic: one by Simon (2020), who specifically argues against a length distinction, and adduces new arguments in favor of the traditionally assumed voice distinction; and one by Patri (2009; 2019 1 ) ), who rather posits a distinction /t h / vs. /d/. It will be argued that the arguments used by both Simon and Patri are untenable, and that all evidence rather points to a length contrast, /tː/ vs. /t/.
The influence of multiple paternity on genetic and morphological variation in leatherback at Point

The influence of multiple Molecular techniques can reveal information about mating systems and paternal identity in cryptic species. Leatherback turtle hatchlings exhibit variation in body size at Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge (SPNWR), St. Croix, USVI, sometimes within one clutch. When maternal identity is known, microsatellites can be used to determine the number of fathers