Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Will Happiness-Trainings Make Us Happier? A Research Synthesis Using an Online Findings-Archive

Most people want to be happy and many look out for opportunities to achieve a more satisfying life. Following a happiness training is an option, but the effectiveness of such training is being questioned. In this research synthesis we assessed: (1) whether happiness training techniques add to the happiness of their users, (2) how much happiness training techniques add to happiness, (3) how long the effect of happiness training lasts, (4) what kinds of training techniques work best, and (5) what types of groups of people profit from taking happiness training. We took stock of the available research and found 61 reports of effect studies on training techniques, which together yielded 179 findings. These findings are available in an online “findings archive,” the World Database of Happiness. Using links to this source allows us to condense information in tabular overviews, while providing the reader with access to much detail. Happiness training techniques seem to do what they are designed to do: 96% of the studies showed a gain in happiness post intervention and at follow-up, about half of the positive results were statistically significant. Studies with cross-sectional designs and studies that used control groups showed more mixed results. The average effect of happiness training was approximately 5% of the scale range. We conclude that taking a form of happiness training is advisable for individuals looking for a more satisfying life. Since happier workers tend to be more productive, organizations would be wise to provide such training techniques for their workforce.
Whither Now, Opinion Modelers?

The article describes the current status and potential directions of development of agent-based models of social opinion dynamics. Despite extensive effort, the models achieve, at best, only qualitative agreement with social observations. To understand the increasingly pressing issues such as all-encompassing political and social polarization, resurgence of fundamentalist and populist movements, persistence of socially dangerous trends such as denial of climate change, or the anti-vaccination activism, the models must be capable of handling much more complex set of agent characteristics, content of the communications (between agents and through media) as well as psychologically adequate reaction mechanisms, and realistic influence networks. Moreover, to meet the challenge of understanding the globally growing political polarization and changes brought by increasing reliance on electronic communication, the models should adapt to the post-truth era. It is necessary to include in the models phenomena such as fake news, omnipresent exaggerations and stereotypes, trolling, and algorithmic biases funneling personal information universe. We also need to consider that most social systems may be described as transient, out-of-equilibrium ones, where a crucial role is played by the models’ initial conditions. In this work, we analyze the challenges facing the modeling community and point out certain promising directions for development.
Performance of random forest and buffer analysis of Sentinel-2 data for modelling soil salinity in the Lower-Cheliff plain (Algeria)

ABSTRACT Modelling approaches are becoming an efficient tool in the forecasting of the salinization spread impact on the local and global scales. In the Lower-Cheliff plain, updating the information on soil salinity expansion is more than required as it continues to damage the agricultural environment in there. Through this study, we adopted an artificial methodology that consists of a combination of buffer analysis using Sentinel-2 data and machine learning modelling to assess their aptitude in the prediction and mapping of soil salinity. The adopted random forest (RF) algorithm included the reflectance information from of the bands from Blue ( ), Green ( ), Red ( ), Near infrared (NIR), Vegetation red-edge (VRE) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR), optimized with the geospatial buffering based on the 91 soil random samples collected during the summer of 2019 and measured for the Electrical Conductivity (EC) in the laboratory. The outputs from the geospatial buffering refined the goodness of the correlation between field data and the variables set from bands reflectance and selected salinity indices. The obtained coefficient of determination (R 2) with Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Partial Least Square regression (PLS) models proved an improvement in the multivariable prediction of soil salinity with the optimized Sentinel-2 data (R 2 = 0.61 and 0.68 + RMSE of 3.36 and 2.87 dS m−1 respectively), compared to the results from the 2015 multiple regression model, Given the high values of R 2 = 0.77 and 0.95 and the low values of RMSE = 2.29 and 1.18 dS m−1 respectively; the RF regressor was very efficient in predicting EC either with all variables or with selected variables from the variable importance measure based on the mean decrease accuracy (MDA). The random forest classifier performed top of the range classification with an overall Accuracy (OA) about 99%, estimating that over 75% of the study area surface is suffering from the salinization extent.
What Encourages Physically Inactive People to Start Running? An Analysis of Motivations to Participate in Parkrun and City Trail in Poland

The aim of this study was to investigate the motivations for beginner runners to take part in Parkrun Poznań and City Trail Poznań, Poland, taking into account their socio-demographical variables. A total of 165 (age: 36.33 ± 10.38) inexperienced runners participated in the diagnostic survey and completed the MOMS (Motivations of Marathoner Scale) questionnaire. The sample consisted of 82 men (49.7%) and 83 women (50.3%). The results showed that men were more likely to start running due to competition-related motivations, while the motivations of women were more often related to affiliation, psychological coping, life meaning, and self-esteem. As age increased, the level of motivation due to personal goal achievement, competition, and recognition scales decreased. The Affiliation Scale was especially important for singles who started running, in comparison with runners who were married or in a relationship. These factors should be taken into consideration by event managers and public health specialists. Promoting safe running among people who have no experience with this sport is as important as encouraging them to run. All runners stated that they would like to run a marathon in the future. Moreover, thanks to initiatives such as City Trail and Parkrun, Polish respondents feel motivated to lead an active lifestyle, with an average score of 4.98 on a 7-point Likert scale.
The Dark Side of Morality – Neural Mechanisms Underpinning Moral Convictions and Support for Violence

Abstract People are motivated by shared social values that, when held with moral conviction, can serve as compelling mandates capable of facilitating support for ideological violence. The current study examined this dark side of morality by identifying specific cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with beliefs about the appropriateness of sociopolitical violence, and determining the extent to which the engagement of these mechanisms was predicted by moral convictions. Participants reported their moral convictions about a variety of sociopolitical issues prior to undergoing functional MRI scanning. During scanning, they were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of violent protests that were ostensibly congruent or incongruent with their views about sociopolitical issues. Complementary univariate and multivariate analytical strategies comparing neural responses to congruent and incongruent violence identified neural mechanisms implicated in processing salience and in the encoding of subjective value. As predicted, neuro-hemodynamic response was modulated parametrically by individuals’ beliefs about the appropriateness of congruent relative to incongruent sociopolitical violence in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and by moral conviction in ventral striatum. Overall moral conviction was predicted by neural response to congruent relative to incongruent violence in amygdala. Together, these findings indicate that moral conviction about sociopolitical issues serves to increase their subjective value, overriding natural aversion to interpersonal harm.
Comparative study of objective structured clinical examination and traditional practical examination in assessment of nursing students’ clinical competencies in south west Nigeria

Background: Clinical examination is a crucial part of nursing training programmes for assessing nursing student competencies which ultimately lead to the delivery of quality nursing care. Two methods of clinical assessment have been identified: [Traditional Practical Examination (TPE) and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)] in nursing and allied professions globally. Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (N & MCN) previously used TPE for all clinical examinations in nursing. But it adopted the OSCE two decades ago for only midwifery examination while the examination in general nursing still remains TPE. There is dearth of literature on the effectiveness of these two methods hence this study. This will help to determine better method for clinical assessment among nursing students in Nigeria. Methods: The study utilised one-group quasi experimental design. Two Hospital-based and two University-based nursing schools randomly selected in South-west Nigeria participated in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 187 nursing students out of which 157 participated in the study. T-test was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of OSCE and TPE in testing clinical competency of nursing students, scores for OSCE (M=64.08, SD=7.66) and TPE (M=59.03, SD=5.11); t(156)= 6.936, p = 0.001 at p≤ 0.005. These results suggested that OSCE is more effective than TPE in testing clinical competency of nursing students. Conclusion: OSCE effective in assessing student nurses’ clinical competencies better than TPE. It is recommended that OSCE should be adopted as method of practical examination for nursing training programmes in Nigeria.
Adaptive diversity and drought tolerance in Castanea sativa assessed through EST-SSR genic markers

Increasing drought conditions in Mediterranean countries are negatively impacting the survival and productivity of Castanea sativa Mill. The study aimed to select EST-SSR markers associated with drought stress developed in Quercus spp. and evaluate their transferability and polymorphism in C. sativa. Eight EST-SSR markers were selected to examine the adaptive potential of four wild populations of C. sativa in relation to drought tolerance. To validate markers, offspring of the study trees were water stressed and their drought tolerance was assessed. EST-SSR markers and leaf wilting of seedlings after drought treatment revealed a north–south gradient of C. sativa populations. The heritability value obtained for the ‘leaf wilting’ trait (h² = 0.26 ± 0.08) indicated that selection for drought tolerance is possible. The differentiation coefficient of markers showing neutral selection (FST = 0.080) was lower than the quantitative genetic differentiation of populations (QST = 0.28), indicating that selection of drought tolerant trees acted spatially in a heterogeneous manner. When assessing the genetic structure of populations, FIR080 was identified as outlier locus under positive selection. When assessing the phenotypic tolerance to drought of offspring, GOT004 and GOT045 were identified as outlier loci under balancing selection and FIR059 was identified as an outlier locus under positive selection. FIR059 showed three private alleles for drought-susceptible individuals and two private alleles for drought-tolerant individuals and could therefore be considered as a candidate marker to predict drought tolerance in unstressed C. sativa trees. Combined use of functional markers and phenotypic traits is a powerful approach to determine genetic variation at the adaptive level in C. sativa. The results illustrate the potential of EST-SSR markers for early selection of drought tolerant plant material.
Poultry by-product meal as dietary protein source for dourado, Salminus brasiliensis: an economic appraisal

The dourado, Salminus brasiliensis, a large, carnivorous, Neotropical, Characin, is highly regarded for fish farming and sport fishing alike. However, studies on the farming and husbandry of dourado are still scarce. This study evaluated the performance of dourado fed diets formulated so as to contain increasing levels of poultry by-product meal as a replacement for fish meal and aimed to identify the maximum level of replacement to maximize profit. The trial was set up in a closed recirculation system with controlled water quality (temperature 27 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.5 mg L–1, pH 7.4, and ammonia 0.25 mg L–1). Juvenile fish were stocked in tanks in a completely randomized design, acclimatized to system conditions and experimental diets, and then fed twice a day for 66 days with extruded, nutritionally complete diets (40 % digestible protein and 4020 kcal kg–1 digestible energy), formulated to contain 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 % poultry meal as a surrogate protein source for fish meal. Performance parameters – average weight gain, specific growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion rate, protein efficiency rate, productive value of protein, energy retention rate, survival rate – did not differ (p > 0.05). To minimize the effects of influential data, the robust regression method was used and profit maximization analysis revealed that replacing 33.3 % of dietary fishmeal by poultry by-product meal maximizes profit in the farming of dourado.
Advances in Deep-Fat Frying of Foods

Introduction, Serpil Sahin and Servet Gulum Sumnu Heat and Mass Transfer During Frying, Nawel Achir, Olivier Vitrac, and Gilles Trystram Chemistry of Frying, Joaquin Velasco, Susana Marmesat, and M. Carmen Dobarganes Quality of Frying Oil, Stavros Lalas Kinetics of Quality Changes During Frying, Franco Pedreschi and Rommy N. Zuniga Physical Properties of Fried Products, Gauri S. Mittal Acrylamide Formation During Frying, Bertrand Matthaus Microstructural Changes During Frying of Foods, Michael Ngadi, Akinbode A. Adedeji, and Lamin Kassama Flavor Changes During Frying, Kathleen Warner Rheology of Batters Used in Frying, Teresa Sanz and Ana Salvador Quality of Battered or Breaded Fried Products, Susana Fiszman Industrial Frying, Monoj K. Gupta Alternative Frying Technologies, Serpil Sahin and Servet Gulum Sumnu
Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis: Fundamentals And Practice

1. The History of the Development of Ammonia Synthesis. - 2. Preparation and Activation of the Technical Ammonia Synthesis Catalyst. - 3. Elementary Steps in Ammonia Synthesis: The Surface Science Approach. - 4. A Surface Science and Catalytic Study of the Effects of Aluminum Oxide and Potassium on the Ammonia Synthesis Over Iron Single-Crystal Surfaces. - 5. Chemisorption at More Elevated Pressures on Industrial Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts. - 6. Kinetics of Ammonia Synthesis and Influence on Converter Design. - 7. Ammonia Synthesis: Commercial Practice. - 8. Deactivation of Synthesis Catalyst. - 9. Alternative Noniron Catalysts. - 10. What does the Future Hold? A Survey of Possible Technical Developments. - Appendixes. - Appendix 1. Production and Uses of Ammonia. - Appendix 2. Processes and Catalysts. - Appendix 3. Properties of Ammonia. - Appendix 4. Nomograph of Properties of Ammonia. - Appendix 5. Equilibrium Data on Ammonia Synthesis Reaction. - Appendix 6. Selected Patents on Ammonia Synthesis. - Appendix 7. Toxicology of Ammonia and Safety in Use.
A New Treatment Experience in Pseudomonas Keratitis: Topical Meropenem and Cefepime.

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of topical meropenem and cefepime treatments with respect to moxifloxacin as new treatment options in an experimental Pseudomonas keratitis model. METHODS Twenty-four rabbits in which keratitis are induced using Pseudomonas aeruginosa were divided into four groups according to treatment options. A solution of 50 mg/mL meropenem was prepared and topically applied to the first group, 50 mg/mL cefepime solution to the second group, topical 0.5% moxifloxacin drop to the third group, and topical isotonic (0.9% saline) solution to the fourth (control) group. The eyes were examined before and after treatment to score the clinical severity. After the subjects were sacrificed, their corneas were excised. To determine the efficacy of treatments, clinical score, bacterial load, and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated. RESULTS When the three treatment groups were compared, there was a significant difference in the colony-forming unit (CFU) value, polymorph-nuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 immunoreactivity (P=0.022, P=0.038, and P=0.037, respectively). The CFU values, PMNL infiltration scores and MMP-9 immunoreactivity were significantly lower in the meropenem and moxifloxacin groups compared with the cefepime group (P<0.05 for all). There was no significant difference between the meropenem and moxifloxacin groups in respect of the CFU values, PMNL infiltration, and MMP-9 immunoreactivity (P=0.842, P=0.784, and P=0.699, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that topical meropenem is at least as effective as topical moxifloxacin in the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis. The meropenem and moxifloxacin are safer and suitable in the limited corneal invasion than cefepime. Thus, topical meropenem may be an alternative drug in the treatment of this condition. Clinical studies are needed to be conducted to assess this possibility more accurately.
EGFR amplification and outcome in a randomised phase III trial of chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus panitumumab for advanced gastro-oesophageal cancers

Objective Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition may be effective in biomarker-selected populations of advanced gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma (aGEA) patients. Here, we tested the association between outcome and EGFR copy number (CN) in pretreatment tissue and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients enrolled in a randomised first-line phase III clinical trial of chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody panitumumab in aGEA (NCT00824785). Design EGFR CN by either fluorescence in situ hybridisation (n=114) or digital-droplet PCR in tissues (n=250) and plasma cfDNAs (n=354) was available for 474 (86%) patients in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Tissue and plasma low-pass whole-genome sequencing was used to screen for coamplifications in receptor tyrosine kinases. Interaction between chemotherapy and EGFR inhibitors was modelled in patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from aGEA patients. Results EGFR amplification in cfDNA correlated with poor survival in the ITT population and similar trends were observed when the analysis was conducted in tissue and plasma by treatment arm. EGFR inhibition in combination with chemotherapy did not correlate with improved survival, even in patients with significant EGFR CN gains. Addition of anti-EGFR inhibitors to the chemotherapy agent epirubicin in PDOs, resulted in a paradoxical increase in viability and accelerated progression through the cell cycle, associated with p21 and cyclin B1 downregulation and cyclin E1 upregulation, selectively in organoids from EGFR-amplified aGEA. Conclusion EGFR CN can be accurately measured in tissue and liquid biopsies and may be used for the selection of aGEA patients. EGFR inhibitors may antagonise the antitumour effect of anthracyclines with important implications for the design of future combinatorial trials.
Look Alike, Sound Alike: Phenocopies in Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a clinical picture defined by the lack of response to standard steroid treatment, frequently progressing toward end-stage kidney disease. The genetic basis of SRNS has been thoroughly explored since the end of the 1990s and especially with the advent of next-generation sequencing. Genetic forms represent about 30% of cases of SRNS. However, recent evidence supports the hypothesis that “phenocopies” could account for a non-negligible fraction of SRNS patients who are currently classified as non-genetic, paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic background of the disease. The identification of phenocopies is mandatory in order to provide patients with appropriate clinical management and to inform therapy. Extended genetic testing including phenocopy genes, coupled with reverse phenotyping, is recommended for all young patients with SRNS to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful diagnostic procedures and treatment, and for the reclassification of the disease. The aim of this work is to review the main steps of the evolution of genetic testing in SRNS, demonstrating how a paradigm shifting from “forward” to “reverse” genetics could significantly improve the identification of the molecular mechanisms of the disease, as well as the overall clinical management of affected patients.
Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: Results From the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry.

RESULTS: Obesity, and, in particular, class III obesity, was overrepresented in the registry in comparison with the US population, with the largest differences among adults ≤50 years. Among 7606 patients, in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation occurred in 2109 (27.7%), in-hospital death in 1302 (17.1%), and mechanical ventilation in 1602 (21.1%). After multivariable adjustment, classes I to III obesity were associated with higher risks of in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.09–1.51], 1.57 [1.29–1.91], 1.80 [1.47–2.20], respectively), and class III obesity was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death (hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.00–1.58]). Overweight and class I to III obese individuals were at higher risk for mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.09–1.51], 1.54 [1.29–1.84], 1.88 [1.52–2.32], and 2.08 [1.68–2.58], respectively). Significant BMI by age interactions were seen for all primary end points (P-interaction<0.05 for each), such that the association of BMI with death or mechanical ventilation was strongest in adults ≤50 years, intermediate in adults 51 to 70 years, and weakest in adults >70 years. Severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death only in those ≤50 years (hazard ratio, 1.36 [1.01–1.84]). In adjusted analyses, higher BMI was associated with dialysis initiation and with venous thromboembolism but not with major adverse cardiac events.
Clinical performance of three fully automated anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays targeting the nucleocapsid or spike proteins

This study assesses the clinical performance of three anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 assays, namely EUROIMMUN anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid (IgG) ELISA, Elecsys anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid (total antibodies) assay, and LIAISON anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike proteins S1 and S2 (IgG) assay. One hundred and thirty‐seven coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) samples from 96 reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed patients were chosen to perform the sensitivity analysis. Non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 sera (n = 141) with a potential cross‐reaction to SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoassays were included in the specificity analysis. None of these tests demonstrated a sufficiently high clinical sensitivity to diagnose acute infection. Fourteen days since symptom onset, we did not find any significant difference between the three techniques in terms of sensitivities. However, Elecsys performed better in terms of specificity. All three anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 assays had equivalent sensitivities 14 days from symptom onset to diagnose past‐COVID‐19 infection. We also confirmed that anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 determination before Day 14 is of less clinical interest.