Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potato Importance for Development Focusing on Prices

This paper studies potato prices and consumption in the progress of economic development. Potato status tends to evolve from a luxury to a normal and, lastly, to an inferior good. In the developed world, where the potato thrived and became a food for the poor, prices of the inferior potato attract little interest due to general welfare, which further complicates discerning economic effects by computation. Contrarily, in many developing countries, due to supply constraints the potato is a relative expensive, non-staple, normal good, with little social significance. Whereas it is a common misconception that tastes in developing countries differ from advanced economies, low incomes, together with relatively high potato prices, present a real and obvious hindrance to wider potato use among the poor in the underdeveloped world. Local regressions on FAO data reveal empirical advantages favoring potato price system research in developing countries, more likely yielding predictable, statistically significant, unbiased results. Correct policies could increase potato importance in developing countries and stimulate sustainable and pro-poor growth where consumers receive affordable potatoes, while also producer incentives for greater productivity improve. Furthermore, potato-led research presents widening potential into also understanding general social structures of underdevelopment as similar factors explain both cross-border incomes and potato prices.
Post-polymerization modification based on reactive fluorinated polymers reaction

Abstract Post-polymerization modification (PPM) techniques are extremely beneficial in terms of designing well-defined functional polymers for various applications. In particular, metal-free PMM based on fluorinated polymers has gained persistent attention of researchers. In this review, we summarized the development of reactive fluorinated polymers. It covers (i) activated esters/amine based on pentafluorophenol ester polymers; (ii) trans-esterification based on pentafluorophenol ester polymers; (iii) para-fluoro-hydroxyl/amine/azide/thiol reaction based on pentafluorophenyl containing polymers. Additionally, we present an outlook on possible PPM strategies that can be used to further construct complex functional polymers. Graphical Abstract
Defining the mechanism behind the self-association of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies using mass spectrometric techniques

Protein aggregation is responsible for a vast array of life-threatening protein based diseases as well as being an economic hurdle in biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing. Monoclonal antibodies represent the fastest growing class of biotherapeutics, with 53 antibodies in late phase clinical trials as of late 2015. Antibodies serve as ideal therapeutics due to their exquisite specificity and favourable safety profile. However, further therapeutic antibody development is hamstringed by uncontrolled self-association and aggregation which can occur at all stages of biotherapeutic development. Therefore, there is an urgent need for methods to dissect the mechanisms that drive uncontrolled self-association and protein aggregation. This thesis presents techniques which were applied to address the identification of aggregated material of a therapeutically relevant monoclonal antibody, and to characterise the mechanism responsible for driving oligomerisation. A combination of mass spectrometric techniques were employed to visualise the oligomeric species. Ion mobility spectrometry coupled to nanoelectrospray ionisation mass spectrometry was utilised to identify the oligomeric species formed under native conditions and to define the oligomers in terms of their mass and collision cross-sectional area. To characterise the regions responsible for driving oligomer formation, chemical cross-linking was employed to capture the oligomeric species in solution which were then analysed using tandem mass spectrometry. The initial dimer interaction was modelled using distance restraints obtained from the chemical cross-linking results and a model proposed that explains the oligomerisation events, and how runaway polymerisation can occur at higher concentrations. Finally, a powerful in vivo assay in the E. coli periplasm was developed to differentiate between aggregation and non-aggregation-prone sequences using single chain variable fragments (scFv) of the antibodies studied. The results presented demonstrate the applicability of the assay to molecules relevant to the biopharmaceutical sector; as an upstream platform for the identification of aggregation-prone sequences, prior to antibody production and development. Overall, the work presented within this thesis describes techniques that can be successfully applied to define the mechanism that underpins the self-association of a therapeutically-relevant monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, the study presents a novel in vivo assay that can be used to identify aggregation-prone sequences, and to develop them further by mutagenesis, which could be useful in protein development in the biopharmaceutical sector.
Memory- and time-efficient dense network for single-image super-resolution

Ahmad R. Naghsh‐Nilchi, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Email: nilchi@eng.ui. ac.ir Abstract Dense connections in convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which connect each layer to every other layer, can compensate for mid/high‐frequency information loss and further enhance high‐frequency signals. However, dense CNNs suffer from high memory usage due to the accumulation of concatenating feature‐maps stored in memory. To overcome this problem, a two‐step approach is proposed that learns the representative concatenating feature‐maps. Specifically, a convolutional layer with many more filters is used before concatenating layers to learn richer feature‐maps. Therefore, the irrelevant and redundant feature‐maps are discarded in the concatenating layers. The proposed method results in 24% and 6% less memory usage and test time, respectively, in comparison to single‐image super‐resolution (SISR) with the basic dense block. It also improves the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio by 0.24 dB. Moreover, the proposed method, while producing competitive results, decreases the number of filters in concatenating layers by at least a factor of 2 and reduces the memory consumption and test time by 40% and 12%, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed approach is a more practical method for SISR.
Irreligious Educators? An Empirical Study of the Academic Qualifications, (A)theistic Positionality, and Religious Belief of Religious Education Teachers in England and Scotland

This paper, based on 355 survey responses from secondary Religious Education (RE) teachers in England (n = 238) and Scotland (n = 117), explores the background of these educators in terms of qualifications, personal (a)theistic belief, and religion. This research seeks to establish the degree backgrounds of RE teachers, what religion they belong to (if any), and the range of theistic, agnostic, and atheistic teachers currently within the RE profession. This paper, acknowledging the similar and contrasting natures of England and Scotland in terms of the history, status and purpose(s) of the subject, demonstrates that RE teachers in these countries come from diverse academic backgrounds, and that most RE teachers in England and Scotland do not believe in God(s). Nearly half of RE teachers in England and more than half in Scotland have no religion. The granulation to England and Scotland allows us to make tentative links with national census and social attitudes research, and with literature, which posits nuanced secularisation trajectories. Furthermore, the data allow us to cross-tabulate (for example, between degree background and religious beliefs), as well as with the data in extant research about the risks of sanitised and essentialised approaches to teaching religion in schools.
Characterising immersive argument-based inquiry learning environments in school-based education: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Educational initiatives in multiple disciplinary areas call for student engagement in the practice of argumentation (CCSSI, 2010a, 2010b; Mullis & Martin, 2017; NGSS Lead States, 2013; OECD, 2018). In science education, immersive argument-based inquiry (ABI) is one category of approaches which integrates argumentation in all classroom activity in order to support conceptual understanding in science. Previous research has reported details of specific immersive ABI approaches but has failed to summarise the characteristics common to all approaches categorised this way and the critical components underlying the learning environments supporting these approaches. This study identified common elements of immersive ABI learning environments through a systematic literature review of 16 existing approaches. Open and axial coding led to the identification of three categories of common elements, including student actions, teacher actions, and generative opportunities. Implications and potential steps to build further understanding of the common elements are discussed.
Tracing roots of group representation among MPs with immigrant backgrounds: A content analysis on parliamentary questions in the Netherlands

This study investigates the representative patterns of MPs with immigrant backgrounds in the case of the Netherlands. Departing from existing literature on minority representatives, we claim that minority representatives can adopt suppressive, as well as supportive, framings when addressing constituencies with whom they share similar backgrounds. A content analysis was conducted on the parliamentary work of minority representatives to detect which frames those representatives adopt when they address cultural and/or religious rights and liberties. As for explanatory variables, we examined the role of the retreat from multicultural policies in the Netherlands on the one hand and individual and group related variables on the other. Our content analysis reveals no fundamental linear shift towards more suppressive framing during the 2002–2017 period. Minority MPs from progressive parties are more likely to use supportive frames than those MPs from conservative parties. Coming from a Turkish background – the most organized ethnic group with the highest social capital in the country – significantly adds to the likelihood of a supportive form of representation. Gender is another significant variable explaining where minority representatives stand, with male MPs being more inclined to use supportive frames on ethnic and/or religious rights and liberties than female MPs.
Effects of Direct and Indirect Sunlight on Polythene Packs, Sensory, Microbial and Chemical Properties of Sachet Water

The use of Polyethylene or Polyethylene terephthalate (PE/PET) packaging bags for water in Nigeria has great marketing appeal to consumers. However, poor storage and display techniques could subject these products to microbial, physical and chemical deterioration. Sachet water samples commonly taken by staff and students of the Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan were subjected to different storage conditions for three and five days. Physicochemical parameters of each water sample were determined through equilibrated devices and titrimetric or colorimetric assays, while aerobic bacteria were isolated through pour-plate method in Nutrient Agar. Exposure of sachet water to sunlight had significant effects on their physical, chemical and bacteriological properties. Highest chloride, calcium, alkalinity, hardness, sulphate and total dissolved solids (13.04 mg/L, 123.53 mg/L, 9.08 mg/L, 33.00 mg/L, 27.59 mg/L and 78.33 mg/L, respectively) were recorded in water samples exposed to indirect sunlight for 5 days. Samples stored at room temperature had the best physicochemical properties. Exposure to sunlight reduced the colony forming units of aerobic bacteria in all the water samples. Lowest bacterial count (0.33 × 10 3 CFU/mL) was observed in water sample exposed to sunlight for 5 days, while the highest count Original Research Article Adedire et al.; JABB, 24(1): 25-34, 2021; Article no.JABB. 66080 26 (55.84 CFU/mL) was recorded in samples stored at room temperature. Sensory scores of water samples ranged between 8.33 and 10.00; however, these sensory properties were not significantly affected by their exposure to sunlight for up to 5 days. Sunlight exposure negatively affected the inner surface feel of water packs, sachets appeared slimy after direct and indirect exposure. The physicochemical and microbial changes observed in sunlight-exposed sachet water samples did not influence their organoleptic acceptability. Consequently, in addition to taste and biochemical analysis, the feel of water sachets could be an indication of structural disintegration and water contamination. In order to maintain the integrity of sachet water, products should be hygienically prepared and prevented from sunlight exposure during transportation and storage.
Gender and the e-bike: Exploring the role of electric bikes in increasing women’s access to cycling and physical activity

In low-cycling countries like Aotearoa New Zealand, women are much less likely to cycle. Previous research has identified improvements to cycling infrastructure and increasing gender equality as key ways to open up cycling to women. The electric bicycle (or e-bike) may be another tool that could be used to lift women’s cycling rates. In this paper we explored findings from the Electric City research project in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand that touched on aspects of gender and e-cycling experience. We used data from interviews with three groups, e-cyclists, e-bike retailers, and cycling planners and policy-makers, to gain insights into the gendered dimensions of the e-cycling assemblage (rider, bike, environment). The results showed that e-bikes act as a cycling enabler for women in ways that both reinforce as well as challenge aspects of traditional gender socialisation: E-bikes enable women to meet traditional care responsibilities and achieve traditional feminine expectations of presentation on a bike. However, they also increase women’s cycling confidence and assertiveness, provide less fit women with more empowering physical activity experiences, improve the quality of bikes available to women, and can create more inclusive bike retail environments. We concluded that these benefits are less likely to be available to lower-income women, due to the high cost of e-bikes. project in Auckland, Aotearoa. Using a feminist approach to mobility, we explore how the rise of e-biking may be impacting on the types of cycling experiences and possibilities open to women. We examine how e-biking may be helping women to address some of the barriers to female cycling, such as navigating hostile transport environments, carrying kids, and looking “feminine” on a bike. We also explore how e-cycling is reshaping the broader gendered cycling landscape, including challenging sexist traditions in bike technology and bike retailing. This paper addresses an important gap in the literature: the gendered dimensions of an emergent sustainable transport technology, the e-bike.
PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NATIVE FOREST SEEDS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON DIRECT SEEDING FOR RESTORATION OF CILIARY FOREST

Knowing the relationship between the physical and physiological characteristics of native forest seeds is essential for the successful recovery of riparian forests. Thus, the work was carried out to analyze the physical and physiological parameters of seeds of native forest species for use in the recovery of riparian forests by direct seeding. Were evaluated the physical quality (water content, mass, the weight of one thousand seeds, and the number of seeds per kilogram), morphometric characteristics (length, width, and thickness), and physiological quality in the laboratory (viability) of Cassia grandis L.f. , Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong . , Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. , and Libidibia ferrea var . leiostachya (Benth.) LPQueiroz. The experiment in the field was implanted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four blocks, testing seeds treated to overcome the four species dormancy. The direct sowing was in 10 planting lines, each composed of 10 pits (30 x 30 x 30 cm), spaced 2.0 x 1.0 m. E. contortisiliquum seeds, despite having the highest values for physical and morphometric characteristics, and having a high percentage of germination, was the species with the lowest percentage of emergence in the field, being below G. ulmifolia, which has seeds of smaller size and weight, and L. ferrea var. leiostachya which, despite having low germination, was the second with the highest percentage of emergence. The study allowed us to observe that there was no direct relationship between the physical and physiological attributes of forest seeds and their ability to emerge.
Pengaruh CAR dan FDR Terhadap Pembiayaan Murabahah dengan NPF Sebagai Variabel Moderating

This study aims to know the effect of CAR and FDR variables on Murabahah financing partially and simultaneously, besides, this study also examined the influence of NPF variables in moderating the relationship between independent variables and Murabahah financing. This research is a quantitative study with a sample of 11 (eleven) Syariah Commercial Banks registered with the Otoritas Jaa Keuangan in 2015-2019 that meet the researchers' criteria. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of financial statements obtained from the website of each bank that is a sample of research. The results showed that CAR had no effect and significant on Murabahah financing, FDR had no effect and significant on Murabahah financing, and also simultaneously CAR and FDR did not affect muarabah financing. On the other side, the NPF as moderating variable show that a map to the CAR on Murabahah financing, the NPF moderating the FDR on Murabahah financing, and also the NPF moderating the influence of CAR and FDR on Murabahah financing simultaneously.
Corporate governance, internal audit quality and financial reporting quality of financial institutions

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between corporate governance attributes (board expertise, board independence and board role performance), internal audit quality and financial reporting quality using evidence from Uganda's financial institutions. ,This study research design is cross sectional and correlational. The study used a questionnaire survey of Chief Finance Officers, Senior Accountants and Internal audit managers of financial institutions in Uganda. Data were analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. ,Results indicate that board expertise and board role performance are significantly associated with financial reporting quality. Also, internal audit quality is significantly associated with financial reporting quality. Board independence is not a significant predictor of financial reporting quality. ,This paper provides insights of what matters for financial reporting quality in Uganda's financial reporting quality. It uses the qualitative characteristics of financial statements to measure financial reporting quality. This paper focuses mainly on the conceptual framework developed by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Inclusive Leadership in Male-Dominated Occupations – An Investigation into Whether Line Managers’ Experiences and Traits Matter in Norway

While many organisations in male-dominated occupations are investing large resources in order to increase and retain women with the aim of achieving gender balance, responsibility for diversity management on a daily basis relies on line managers. To learn more about the underlying mechanism of line managers’ engagement in managing diversity and, thus, fostering inclusion in such settings, this study proposes and tests a model of male line managers’ experiences and traits on the one hand, and subordinates’ outcomes on the other. In addition, it investigates the role of lateral relationships at a male-dominated workplace. In a field study conducted from 172 pairs of line manager-subordinate dyads at a highly technical and male-dominated research institute in Norway, it was observed that male line managers’ experiences and traits did not relate to female subordinates’ perceived support nor inclusion. Further, the results show that perceived supervisor, but not co-worker, support contributes to female employees’ inclusion, while factors beyond workplace social support and inclusion predict their embeddedness in the job. Hence, the present study indicates that perceptions of line managers’ support are highly important for effective diversity management on the line in male-dominated occupations. Theoretical and practical implications, together with suggestions for future research, are discussed.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Online Human Resources Control in Improving Employees’ Performance, During the Pandemic COVID 19, in Lebanon

With the global pandemic of COVID 19 taking place, business organizations had to make their employees work from home. Accordingly, human resources departments had to also apply their functions from home. One of the essential functions of HRM is controlling the performance of employees. When employees had to work from home, HR managers had to apply online control over their employees. The purpose of this research was to identify how HR managers applied online control on their employees and how does online control affect employees’ performance. To conduct the study, online control was assessed, and employees’ performance was measured through employee’s productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency. First of all, a theoretical background has been composed to clearly assess the relation between control and employees’ performance. Previous literature on organizational control provided the secondary data. To collect primary data, a quantitative research was applied on employees within organizations in Lebanon. Accordingly, a questionnaire assessing the application of online control and employee’s performance was designed and distributed online over 250 employees who worked from home. The responses of the respondents were entered into SPSS and analyzed accordingly. The study tested and approved the correlation between online control and each of employees’ productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency. However, correlation between online control and employee’s productivity was strong, yet correlations between online control and each of employee’s effectiveness and efficiency were weak.
THE UTILIZATION OF KINEMASTER APPLICATIONS IN THE MAKING OF MULTIMEDIA BASED TEACHING MATERIALS FOR ENGLISH E-LEARNING IN NEW NORMAL (COVID-19)

The objectives of this study are; 1) to determine the ability in implementing online learning and multimedia use, 2) to determine the difficulties in online learning and difficulties in providing multimedia-based learning. 3. to assist participant in making multimedia-based learning media with the Kinemaster application. Researchers use descriptive qualitative methods. Respondents in this study were prospective students participating of English Education study program. 62.5% of respondents when teaching always use multimedia, 25% sometimes use multimedia in teaching, and 12.5% rarely use multimedia. Regarding difficulties in class management as much as 50%, in time management 25% and difficulties in operating software 25%. Other obstacles experienced are; 42.9% of the obstacles are networking, then 42.9% of the software application systems are not easy to operate and electrical energy sources 14.3%. The number of respondent 100% not only know but have also used the kinemaster application in making multimedia-based learning media by 62.5%, and 37.5% who never used the kinemaster, 62.5% of respondents said it was easy and 37.5% still had difficulties,. kinemaster really helps respondents in learning as much as 50% stated that they were helped, 12.5% did not feel helped, and 37.5% stated that it was normal. Keywords : Kinemaster, Multimedia, English Online Learning