Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parametrization of gas transfer velocities and sea‐state‐dependent wave breaking

Both experimental estimates and different parametrizations of the transfer velocity of poorly soluble gases exhibit a very broad range of values at a given wind speed. Transfer velocities also appear to depend non-linearly on wind speed, and for high wind speeds this non-linearity is widely attributed to the influence of wave breaking. Both theoretical and experimental studies suggest that wave breaking, and associated whitecapping, is not simply dependent on wind speed but depends also on sea state. New parametrizations of gas transfer velocity based on an existing model of the dependence of transfer velocity on wind stress and whitecapping, supplemented by two sea-state-dependent parametrizations of whitecapping, are developed. These new models predict a diversity of transfer velocities at a given wind speed comparable to the diversity of existing parametrizations. Further, the results suggest that some of the existing parametrizations of transfer velocity reflect in part the wind fetch and sea state typical of the experiments used as a basis of the parametrization. It is suggested that transfer velocities may be estimated much more accurately through satellite retrieval of both wind speed and significant wave height than by wind speed alone.
Operational performance of the SAC-C satellite nickel-hydrogen batteries

Processing and analysis of telemetry data of the Argentine SAC-C satellite Ni-H 2 batteries are presented. Diagnostic indicators were established in order to evaluate the performance in-flight of the satellite’s electricity storage system. The state of charge of the batteries was related to the hydrogen pressure. A predictive analysis allowed us to early detect failures in the electricity storage system.
Short-term thermal endurance characterization of polymeric cable insulating materials. Use of oxidative stability measurements

In this paper, a method which provides thermal endurance characterization in significantly shorter duration than that required by IEC 216 Standard is presented. The method proposed resorts to measurements of oxidative stability to estimate the activation energy of the degradation process which is deemed to prevail in the range of test and service temperatures, as well as to a conventional thermal life test of suitable length. By this way, slope and location of the thermal endurance line are determined. Comparisons between the results provided by the proposed method and characterizations made according to IEC 216 are presented, referring to the most common insulating materials for HV cables, that is, crosslinked polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber. It is shown that, considering different diagnostic properties, both temperature index and halving interval obtained by the proposed method are very close to the values derived by applying IEC 216.
Activation and deactivation in blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging

Decreases in the blood oxygenation level dependent signal are somewhat puzzling for several reasons. The first is the synaptic complexity, in interactive networks, and the second involves the interplay between oxidative demand and perfusion in producing signal change. The third reason involves the relativity of both activation and deactivation to the choice of the baseline condition. The fourth is that deactivations could reflect passive shunting of blood to activating areas as easily as they reflect active inhibition. However, understanding deactivations is necessary to fully understand how excitation and inhibition affect functional images. We propose strategies using convergent experiments as a means of elucidating the nature of deactivations.
A method to estimate the water vapour enhancement factor in soil

Enhanced water vapour diffusion under temperature gradients has been proposed as a mechanism to explain the discrepancies between measured and predicted water fluxes in soils. Because of the difficulties in measuring soil vapour diffusion directly, modelling approaches have been used to estimate the vapour enhancement factor (η) by matching theory to measurements. In the method proposed by Hiraiwa & Kasubuchi (2000) , soil thermal conductivity associated with conduction heat transfer (λc) is assumed to be equal to the apparent soil thermal conductivity (λ) measured at a low temperature, and η is significantly under‐estimated. In the present study, an improved approach for estimating η is used, in which λc is taken as the apparent soil thermal conductivity associated with infinite atmospheric pressure. The λ at infinite atmospheric pressure is estimated by extrapolating λ measurements made at finite air pressures. By subtracting λc from measured λ values at a given atmospheric pressure, the contribution of thermal vapour diffusion to heat transfer (λv) is obtained and then used to estimate η. In the case of a lysimeter sand, λv accounts for 4–25, 8–29 and 13–35% of λ at 3.5, 22.5 and 32.5°C, respectively, at soil water contents greater than 0.02 m3 m−3. Thus, the latent heat transfer through vapour diffusion is important even at temperatures as low as 3.5°C. The agreement between predictions from the new method and selected literature values suggests that the improved approach is able to provide accurate estimate of η.
Electrical characteristics of bismuth titanate glass-ceramics containing SiO2 and Nd2O3

Bismuth-titanate ceramics containing SiO2 and Nd2O3 as additives are synthesized at two different ways of cooling of the melts. The introduction of SiO2 and Nd2O3 leads to more complex crystallization with participation of several phases including Bi4Ti3O12. It is proved that the applied methods of synthesis are suitable for generation of different microstructures in the bulk doped bismuth titanate ceramics, which is promising basis for modification of their electrical properties. The increasing of SiO2 content improves the glass formation ability and addition of Nd2O3 stimulates the crystallization. The conductivity of selected samples is determined by impedance analyzer in the frequency range from 10 to 100 kHz and DC resistible bridge using two-terminal method. All investigated samples are dielectrics with conductivity 10-6-10-9 (Ω·cm)-1.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Primitive Model (PM) Electrolytes in Non-Euclidean Geometries

Monte Carlo canonical ensemble (NVT) simulations of unrestricted primitive model electrolytes (PM) on the 3D “surface” of a 4D hypersphere are reported here. The effects of concentration, ionic charge and/or ionic radii on the mean internal energy (⟨U⟩), individual and mean ionic activities (⟨γ +⟩, ⟨γ -⟩ or ⟨γ ±⟩) and the mean net charge density distributions were studied. Our results showed that either higher charge, higher concentration or smaller ionic radii favoured ion–ion aggregation. The individual ionic activity coefficients of ions with different radii and/or charge differed significantly at higher concentrations. We also compared mean ionic activity coefficients for aqueous KCl and NaBr from simulations with reported experimental values in the literature and the agreement within 0.7–10%, depending upon concentration were found.
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN PAJAK, PENGETAHUAN PAJAK, KUALITAS PELAYANAN PAJAK DAN SANKSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI (Studi kasus pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Surabaya Simokerto)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemahaman perpajakan, pengetahuan perpajakan, kualitas pelayanan pajak dan sanksi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak (KPP) Pratama Simokerto. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan rumus slovin untuk menentukan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 wajib pajak orang pribadi yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Simokerto, dengan metode purposive sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman perpajakan dan pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak karena semakin tinggi tingkat pemahaman dan pengetahuan pajak maka semakin mudah wajib pajak untuk memahami peraturan pajak dan memenuhi kewajiban perpajakannya. Kualitas pelayanan pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak karena kualitas pelayanan tidak menjamin wajib pajak untuk taat membayar pajak. Sanksi pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak karena masih kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pajak untuk kelancaran pembangunan Kata kunci : Pemahaman pajak, pengetahuan pajak, kualitas pelayanan pajak, sanksi pajak dan kepatuhan wajib pajak
Evolving research directions in Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) science

This review focuses on critical issues in ocean-atmosphere exchange that will be addressed by new research strategies developed by the international Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) research community. Eastern boundary upwelling systems are important sites for CO2 and trace gas emission to the atmosphere, and the proposed research will examine how heterotrophic processes in the underlying oxygen-deficient waters interact with the climate system. The second regional research focus will examine the role of sea-ice biogeochemistry and its interaction withatmosphericchemistry.Marineaerosolsarethefocusofaresearchthemedirectedatunderstandingtheprocessesthat determine their abundance, chemistry and radiative properties. A further area of aerosol-related research examines atmospheric nutrient deposition in the surface ocean, and how differences in origin, atmospheric processing and composition influence surface ocean biogeochemistry. Ship emissions are an increasing source of aerosols, nutrients and toxins to the atmosphere and ocean surface, and an emerging area of research will examine their effect on ocean biogeochemistry and atmospheric chemistry. The primary role of SOLAS is to coordinate coupled multi-disciplinary research withinresearch strategies thataddresstheseissues, toachieverobust representationofcritical ocean-atmosphere exchange processes in Earth System models.
Infrared absorption spectra of δ-AlOOH and its deuteride at high pressure and implication to pressure response of the hydrogen bonds

Infrared absorption spectra of δ-AlOOH and its deuterated form (δ-AlOOD) were measured at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell under a quasi-hydrostatic pressure condition using helium as a pressure-transmitting medium. Two absorption bands at 1180 cm−1and 1330 cm−1 involving vibrations of hydrogen and oxygen atoms shifted to higher frequencies with increasing pressure up to 10 and 12 GPa for δ-AlOOH and δ-AlOOD, respectively. In contrast, at higher pressures the two bands did not shift so much. The pressure-response on the infrared spectra has a close relationship to the symmetrization of the hydrogen bonds and change in the compressibility which was observed from X-ray diffraction measurements.
Relationship between Fracture. Toughness and Phase Assemblage in Mg‐PSZ

The phase content, size, and distribution have a marked effect on the thermomechanical properties of a 9 mol% MgO-ZrO[sub 2] (Mg-PSZ) alloy. The work undertaken in this study is the first investigation the simultaneously measure and characterize the quantitative bulk phase contents and correlate these parameters to the fracture toughness and R-curve behavior of a variously aged Mg-PSZ alloy. Quantitative bulk phase characterization entailed a systematic evaluation using neutron diffraction. In addition, microscopy techniques were used to determine the phase distribution and assemblage. The results indicate that the maximum toughness is attained, for a constant tetragonal precipitate size, when the anion-ordered [delta]-phase (Mg[sub 2]Zr[sub 5]O[sub 12]) replaces a major portion of the cubic matrix phase after an 1,100 C aging treatment. The shape of the R-curve and the stress required to transform the tetragonal precipitates are also significantly influenced by the [delta]-phase content.
Computational polymer dynamics via DL_POLY

A review is presented of recent work in the group utilising the DL_POLY molecular dynamics package. Simulations have been performed across several areas of polymer physics including the dynamics of polyethylene as a function of density and chain length, the rheology of trifunctional dendrimers, and penetrant diffusion with a macromolecular matrix. The methodology and conclusions of these investigations are reviewed.
Multiband orange-red luminescence of Eu3+ ions based on the pyrochlore-structured host crystal

Pyrochlore-type yttrium stannate (Y2Sn2O7) doped with trivalent europium ions (Eu3+) was synthesized as thin films by the sol−gel method. X-ray diffractometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to evaluate the crystallinity and purity of the films, which was of prime importance in investigating the optical properties. It was shown that heat treatment of the films at 1000 °C was enough to obtain highly crystalline and phase-pure samples. Photoluminescence spectra of the (Y1-xEux)2Sn2O7 (x = 0.01−0.20) films indicated the simultaneous occurrence of five predominant orange-red band emissions at a single-wavelength ultraviolet excitation due to doubly split magnetic−dipole 5D0 → 7F1 and electric−dipole 5D0 → 7F2 transitions. Inhomogeneous broadening possibly arising from the site-to-site variation of Eu3+ was also observed. These results demonstrate that we have succeeded in synthesizing a single-phase crystalline phosphor material having the chro.
Energetics of Pseudomonas cepacia G4 growth in a chemostat with phenol limitation

Analysis of the growth of Pseudomonas cepacia G4 on phenol in continuous culture has been carried out. The data were checked for consistency using both available electron and carbon balances. Coupled with the covariate adjustment estimation technique, the best estimates for true biomass energetic yield, ηmax and maintenance, me, were obtained when the carbon dioxide measurements were excluded. However, upon making corrections to the gas measurements, the best estimates were the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) based on the complete data. The method therefore allows discrimination to be made between data. Also, similar estimates were obtained using Pirt's model based on the Monod approach and a modified form based on substrate uptake rate being the limiting factor. For the aerobic growth of P. cepacia G4 on phenol, ηmax = 0·417 and me = 0·0513 h−1 were obtained when the CO2 data were excluded. When corrections were made to the gas measurements to take into account the dissolved CO2 and the effect of operating temperature, ηmax = 0·432 and me = 0·0684 h−1 were obtained. From the 95% confidence intervals, a maximum of about 38–47·5% of the energy contained in phenol is incorporated into the biomass while the balance (52·5–62%) is evolved as heat with only a little energy needed for the maintenance of the organism.
Calibrating the uptake kinetics of semipermeable membrane devices using exposure standards

Organic contaminant exchange kinetics between semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and water were studied in two suspensions of estuarine and marine sediments under conditions of high and low turbulence over a period of 56 d. Prior to exposure, the SPMDs were spiked with a number of exposure standards not occurring in the environment. The release rate of these compounds was used as an independent measure of the exchange kinetics between the SPMD and water. The uptake rates of chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls, (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were lower by a factor of three under conditions of low turbulence. For compounds with a log octanol–water partition coefficient (Kow) > 5.5 the uptake rate was constant during the entire period. Within each compound class, uptake rate constants correlated well with log Kow. The uptake rate constants of PAHs were lower than those of PCBs and chlorobenzenes by a factor of 10, but these estimates probably are artificially low due to an overestimation of the aqueous PAH concentrations. Release rate constants of the exposure standards fell within the range of the uptake rate constants of chlorobenzenes and PCBs, although with poor precision. Suggestions for improving the measurement of exchange rate constants of exposure standards are presented. The role of triolein in the exchange kinetics is shown to be minor.
The Effect of Gibberellic Acid upon Euglena

A food medium was prepared for each experimental culture by adding 6 grains of poUshed rice to 250 cc. tapwater and boiling for 10 minutes. The medium wu allOWed to stand for 40 days. One hundred and fifty cc. of the medium was poured in each of seven covered plastic dishes. Gibbere111c acid was added to separate dishes in the concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm. The other two··di8hes were used as controls. Each culture was then innoculated with 0.6 cc. of green encysted and active lfuglenG. At the time of innoculatlon 25 individuals were measured and found to have a mean length of M.l microns and a mean width of 18.6 microns. The dishes were placed in a well-llghted window at higher than room temperature.
The role of resist for ultrathin gate oxide degradation during O 2 plasma ashing

During ashing process, resist has been intuitively regarded as a protection layer and deliberately removed in previous studies by wet process prior to plasma exposure in an effort to amplify the damage effect. Recently, we found instead that resist does not simply act as a protection layer. This newly observed phenomenon cannot be explained by the well-known electron shading effect which should not affect the area-intensive antenna structure used in our study. Here we hypothesize that this resist-related charging damage is determined by the plasma potential adjustment difference between those devices with and without resist overlayer. The experimental results show a good correlation with our explanation. To be specific, severe antenna area ratio (ARR) dependent degradation of thin gate oxide is induced during the initial ashing stage while the resist is still on the electrodes, not during the overashing period.
Thermal degradation of electrical insulating materials and the thermokinetic background: theoretical basis

An explanation is provided for thermal degradation on the basis of thermokinetics. Several transformation equations are defined. These transformations predict thermal endurance characteristics of insulating materials for end points, different from those used for reference characterization, without resorting to the explicit knowledge of property vs. time curves. The approach is valid for both parallel life lines (at different end points) and nonparallel life lines which fulfil the aging compensation effect theory. >
Kinetics of the batch cationic emulsion polymerization of styrene: A comparative study with the anionic case

An in-depth study on the kinetics of the cationic emulsion polymerization of styrene in a batch reactor is presented. This study is focused on the effect of the amount of the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), using two different cationic initiators: 2,2′-azobisisobutyramidine dihydrochloride (AIBA), 2,2′-azobis (N,N′-dimethyleneisobutyramidine) dihydrochloride (ADIBA), on kinetics and colloidal features such as conversion, number of particles, number average of radicals per particle, mean particle diameter, and particle size distribution (PSD) of the polystyrene latices obtained by emulsion polymerization in a batch reactor. Furthermore, the results of the cationic emulsion polymerization were compared with its homologous anionic case. Using DTAB as cationic surfactant an expected increase in the total rate of polymerization was observed when the DTAB concentration increased. However, the total number of particles increased much more than in the anionic system. On the other hand, a dependence on the particle size of the rate of polymerization per particle together with the average number of radicals per particle was found. These differences between cationic and anionic emulsion polymerizations were explained taking into account the limited particle coagulation observed with cationic surfactants, and the high rate of radical formation of cationic initiators. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4461–4478, 2006
THE INFLUENCE OF ADDITION OF DEFATTED BLACKCURRANT SEEDS ON PRO‐HEALTH CONSTITUENTS AND TEXTURE OF CEREAL EXTRUDATES

Extrudates used in the study were prepared on the base of cornmeal (100%) – control, which was in 10, 30 and 50% replaced by defatted seeds of blackcurrant, which were a by-product of supercritical fluid extraction, used for oil production. The aim of the study was to check the influence of the level of defatted blackcurrant seeds, on texture and chemical composition of the obtained extrudates. Special attention was paid to pro-health constituents, i.e., dietary fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins. The addition of defatted seeds resulted in an increase of polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity, and the rise in the level of flavonoids and soluble dietary fiber as compared with control. The enrichment of extrudates in pro-health components, as well as improvement of sensory score, suggests that 10% addition of defatted blackcurrant seeds is a suitable level for preparation of extruded fruit-cereal snacks. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The study demonstrates that defatted blackcurrant seeds could be a good, natural source of bioactive components in cereal snacks produced by extrusion. The suggested level of this component, optimal from sensory and dietary point of view, is 10%.
Nickel and Zinc Removal from Acid Mine Drainage: Roles of Sludge Surface Area and Neutralising Agents

During acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment by alkaline reagent neutralisation, Ni and Zn are partially removed via sorption to Fe and Al hydroxide precipitates. This research evaluated the effect of surface area of precipitates, formed by neutralisation of AMD using three alkalinity reagents (NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3), on the sorption of Ni and Zn. The BET surface area of the precipitates formed by neutralisation of AMD with NaOH (173.7 m2 g−1) and Ca(OH)2 (168.2 m2 g−1) was an order of magnitude greater than that produced by CaCO3 neutralisation (16.7 m2 g−1). At pH 6.5, the residual Ni concentration was 0.32 and 0.41 mg L−1 for NaOH and Ca(OH)2 neutralised AMD, respectively, resulting in up to 60% lower Ni concentrations than achieved by CaCO3 neutralisation which had no effect on Ni removal. The residual Zn concentration was even more dependent on precipitate surface area for NaOH and Ca(OH)2 neutralised AMD (0.33 and 1.02 mg L−1), which was up to 85% lower than the CaCO3 neutralised AMD (2.20 mg L−1). These results suggest that the surface area of precipitated flocs and the selection of neutralising reagent critically affect the sorption of Ni and Zn during AMD neutralisation.