Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous mapping of single bubble dynamics and heat transfer rates for SiO2/water nanofluids under nucleate pool boiling regime

Dependence of single vapor bubble dynamics and heat transfer rates on varying concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles for a range of subcooled conditions (0–9 °C) has been experimentally studied under nucleate pool boiling configuration. Non-invasive measurements have been carried out using rainbow schlieren deflectometry. Results on bubble dynamics showed that the bubble diameter and aspect ratio decrease with increasing subcooling levels as well as concentration of nanofluids. The frequency of bubble oscillations was found to increase first and then decrease with increasing subcooling levels while it decreases monotonically with increasing nanofluid concentration. Bubble departure frequency increased significantly for nanofluids, while it decreased with increasing subcooling levels. Condensation effects at the bubble interface were reflected in the form of redistribution of colors around it. Schlieren images clearly revealed a spread in the spatial extent of the thermal boundary layer region caused by the suspended nanoparticles around the vapor bubble as well as near the heated substrate. This phenomenon has been considered as one of the factors that tends to alter the condensation effects and, in turn, affects the bubble dynamics. Quantitative analysis of schlieren images revealed that the natural convective heat flux increases with increasing subcooling levels, while it decreases with increasing nanoparticle concentration. Deterioration in the natural convection phenomenon in the presence of suspended nanoparticles has been attributed to the reduced strength of thermal gradients adjacent to the heater substrate. On the other hand, evaporative heat flux was observed to decrease with increasing subcooling levels and increase with increasing concentration of nanofluids.Dependence of single vapor bubble dynamics and heat transfer rates on varying concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles for a range of subcooled conditions (0–9 °C) has been experimentally studied under nucleate pool boiling configuration. Non-invasive measurements have been carried out using rainbow schlieren deflectometry. Results on bubble dynamics showed that the bubble diameter and aspect ratio decrease with increasing subcooling levels as well as concentration of nanofluids. The frequency of bubble oscillations was found to increase first and then decrease with increasing subcooling levels while it decreases monotonically with increasing nanofluid concentration. Bubble departure frequency increased significantly for nanofluids, while it decreased with increasing subcooling levels. Condensation effects at the bubble interface were reflected in the form of redistribution of colors around it. Schlieren images clearly revealed a spread in the spatial extent of the thermal boundary layer region caused by the s.
Spatio-temporal distributions of evaporation duct for the West Pacific Ocean

The evaporation duct is a natural microwave trapping phenomenon over water surfaces, which has a strong impact on near-surface electromagnetic propagation. For radar and communication system designs and operations,it is of great significance to obtain the long-term mean features of evaporation duct in a large-scale sea. In order to overcome the shortcomings of single-point measurement at local sea, a method for calculating the statistical features of the evaporation duct in a large scale-sea based on the NCEP （National Centers for Environmental Prediction） reanalysis data was presented. This method was confirmed by using the weather buoy data at the Pacific Ocean and the measurement data on the Weizhou Island in the South Sea of China. With NCEP reanalysis data of 18 years, the spatio-temporal features of evaporation duct in the West Pacific Ocean were studied. The distribution features of the evaporation duct height for different seas and months were obtained. The evaporation duct database was established with spatial resolution of about 1875°×19°, which is 28 times higher than the existing 10°×10°database.
High Altitude Reduces NO-Dependent Myometrial Artery Vasodilator Response During Pregnancy

The chronic hypoxia of high-altitude (HA) residence reduces uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy, likely contributing to an increased frequency of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. We hypothesized that this lesser pregnancy blood flow rise was due, in part, to reduced vasodilation of myometrial arteries (MAs). Here, we assessed MA vasoreactivity in healthy residents of high (2902±39 m) or low altitude (LA; 1669±10 m). MA contractile responses to potassium chloride, phenylephrine, or the thromboxane A2 agonist U46619 did not differ between LA and HA women. Acetylcholine vasodilated phenylephrine or U466119 preconstricted MAs at LA, yet had no effect on HA MAs. In contrast, another vasodilator, bradykinin, relaxed MAs from both altitudes similarly. At LA, the NO synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester decreased both acetylcholine and bradykinin vasodilation by 56% and 33%, respectively. L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester plus the COX (cyclooxygenase) inhibitor indomethacin had similar effects on acetylcholine and bradykinin vasodilation (68% and 42% reduction, respectively) as did removing the endothelium (78% and 50% decrease, respectively), suggesting a predominantly NO-dependent vasodilation at LA. However, at HA, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester did not change bradykinin vasodilation, whereas indomethacin or endothelium removal decreased it by 28% and 72%, respectively, indicating impaired NO signaling at HA. Suggesting that the impairment was downstream of eNOS (endothelial NO synthase), HA attenuated the vasodilation elicited by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. We concluded that reduced NO-dependent MA vasodilation likely contributes to diminished uteroplacental perfusion in HA pregnancies.
Preoperative NT-proBNP and CRP predict perioperative major cardiovascular events in non-cardiac surgery

Objective: To investigate whether simple and non-invasive measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict perioperative major cardiovascular event (PMCE). Design: Prospective, single-centre, cohort study. Setting: A 1900-bed tertiary-care university hospital in Seoul, Korea Design and patients: The predictive power of NT-proBNP, CRP and Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) for the risk of PMCE (myocardial infarction, pulmonary oedema or cardiovascular death) were evaluated from a prospective cohort of 2054 elective major non-cardiac surgery patients. Optimal cut-off values were derived from receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Main outcome measurement: PMCE (myocardial infarction, pulmonary oedema or cardiovascular death) within postoperative 30 days. Results: PMCE developed in a total of 290 patients (14.1%). Each increasing quartile of NT-proBNP or CRP level was associated with a greater risk of PMCE after adjustment for traditional clinical risk factors. The relative risk (RR) of highest versus lowest quartile was 5.2 for NT-proBNP (p<0.001) and 3.7 for CRP (p<0.001). Both NT-proBNP (cut-off = 301 ng/l) and CRP (cut-off = 3.4 mg/l) predicted PMCE better than RCRI (cut-off = 2) by ROC analysis (p<0.001). Moreover, the predictive power of RCRI (adjusted RR = 1.5) could be improved significantly by addition of CRP and NT-proBNP to RCRI (adjusted RR 4.6) (p<0.001). Conclusions: High preoperative NT-proBNP or CRP is a strong and independent predictor of perioperative major cardiovascular event in non-cardiac surgery. The predictive power of current clinical risk evaluation system would be strengthened by these biomarkers.
Results of the exploratory drill hole Ue5n,Frenchman Flat, Nevada Test Site. [Geologic and geophysical parameters of selected locations with anomalous seismic signals]

Exploratory hole Ue5n was drilled to a depth of 514 m in central Frenchmam Flat, Nevada Test Site, as part of a program sponsored by the Nuclear Monitoring Office (NMO) of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) to determine the geologic and geophysical parameters of selected locations with anomalous seismic signals. The specific goal of drilling Ue5n was to provide the site characteristics for emplacement sites U5b and U5e. We present here data on samples, geophysical logs, lithology and stratigraphy, and depth to the water table. From an analysis of the measurements of the physical properties, a set of recommended values is given.
Influence du comportement non linéaire du sol sur les mouvements sismiques induits dans des géo-structures

La premiere partie correspond a la modelisation du comportement des sols sous chargement monotone et cyclique. Nous utilisons un modele de comportement elastoplastique pour modeliser la reponse des sols sur differents chemins de charge. Une strategie de determination des parametres du modele a partir des correlations existantes pour le comportement des sables et des argiles est donnee. La seconde partie est dediee a l'estimation des deplacements induits lors des seismes dans des pentes infinies et des murs de soutenement. Pour les pentes, un modele du bloc rigide enrichi au niveau du modele de comportement de l'interface est utilise. Les reponses obtenues sont comparees a celles d'un modele du milieu deformable en elements finis, permettant ainsi de definir un domaine d'application des methodes simplifiees pour l'analyse des pentes infinies. Pour les murs de soutenement, leur reponse est etudiee lorsqu'ils sont fondes sur une base deformable.
Blueberry juice protects osteocytes and bone precursor cells against oxidative stress partly through SIRT1

Oxidative stress and abnormal osteocyte apoptosis are often related to dysregulation of bone turnover and chronic bone loss, and so fruit and vegetables with high antioxidant potential may play an important role in the prevention and/or management of osteoporosis. Osteocytes are the main regulators of bone remodelling. For the first time, we demonstrate here that blueberry juice (BJ), obtained from Vaccinium myrtillus, rich in polyphenols, shows antioxidant and antiosteoclastogenic properties in MLO‐Y4 osteocytes. We report that BJ prevents oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and reverses the increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and sclerostin expression, crucial factors for osteoclast activation and bone resorption. BJ is also able to prevent oxidative stress‐induced cell cytotoxicity in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are considered to be an important tool for cell therapy in bone disorders. No significant difference in preventing these events was observed between BJ and blueberry dry extract containing equal amounts of total soluble polyphenols. We have also shown that blueberry acts as both an antioxidant and an activator of sirtuin type 1, a class III histone deacetylase involved in cell death regulation and considered a molecular target for blocking bone resorption without affecting osteoclast survival. Overall, these novel data obtained in osteocytes and MSCs may help us clarify the mechanisms by which blueberry counteracts oxidative stress‐induced damage in bone remodelling and osteogenesis at the cellular and molecular level. Our findings are consistent with the reported beneficial effects of blueberry on bone tissue reported in animal studies, which suggest that blueberry may be a useful supplement for the prevention and/or management of osteoporosis and osteogenic process.
Forest biodiversity in North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean : research and monitoring

The international forestry resources and institutions research program. Designing and managing permanent monitoring plots as tools for implementing the convention on biological diversity. Ecological monitoring and assessment in Canada. Forestdynamics in the Pacific northwest. Growth trends in Arizona, USA. Breeding bird monitoring in Pennsylvania, USA. Hurricane disturbances in Mexico. Comparative Forest composition, structure, and regeneration the Nicaraguan Pacific Coast. Comparativeecology, Puerto Rico. Forest dynamics following Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. Hurricane effects and long-term recovery in a subtropical rain forest. Long-term monitoring protocol for bats. Long-term monitoring of snails. Long-term monitoring, US VirginIslands. Hurricane impact, US Virgin Islands. Hurricane Hugo, US Virgin Islands. Subtropical dry forest communities, US Virgin Islands. Permanent field research station in the tropical rainforest of French Guiana. Measurement of species richness in FrenchGuiana. Quantitative analysis of the arboreal structure in a tropical cloud forest, Venezuela. Semi-deciduous lowland gallery forests in the western Llanos of Venezuela. Ecological systems of the central high Llanos of Venezuela. Moist forest communities,Venezuela. Floristic distribution and soil factors, southern Venezuela. Tree species diversity in Colombian Amazonia. Wet forest, Colombia. Trees in different regions of Ecuador. Species count of vascular plants in Amazonian Ecuador. Timberline forest innorth-central Peru. Leaf-litter amphibians, Peru. Cerrado vegetation in central Brazil. Terra firme forest in central Amazonia. Unmanaged rainforest, Bolivia. Montane and lowland tropical forest, Bolivia. Quantitative ethnobotany. Subtropical montaneforest of northwest Argentina. Forest biodiversity research and monitoring in the New World. Index.
Signalling and the Evolution of Cooperative Foraging in Dynamic Environments

Understanding cooperation in animal social groups remains a significant challenge for evolutionary theory. Observed behaviours that benefit others but incur some cost appear incompatible with classical notions of natural selection; however, these behaviours may be explained by concepts such as inclusive fitness, reciprocity, intra-specific mutualism or manipulation. In this work, we examine a seemingly altruistic behaviour, the active recruitment of conspecifics to a food resource through signalling. Here collective, cooperative behaviour may provide highly nonlinear benefits to individuals, since group functionality has the potential to be far greater than the sum of the component parts, for example by enabling the effective tracking of a dynamic resource. We show that due to this effect, signalling to others is an evolutionarily stable strategy under certain environmental conditions, even when there is a cost associated to this behaviour. While exploitation is possible, in the limiting case of a sparse, ephemeral but locally abundant nutrient source, a given environmental profile will support a fixed number of signalling individuals. Through a quantitative analysis, this effective carrying capacity for cooperation is related to the characteristic length and time scales of the resource field.
Influence de la variabilité environnementale sur les stratégies démographiques des populations de prédateurs supérieurs : la communauté d'oiseaux marins en Antarctique

Wavelet analysis has spread in numerous domains of Science. The reason behind the versatility and attractiveness of wavelets for such diverse applications lies in their properties. One of these properties is called time-frequency localization and is especially useful for analysing non-stationary systems, i.e. systems with short-lived transient components. This feature is one of the main features of ecological systems, transient dynamics is the rule rather the exception in Nature. Thus wavelets must be also of great interest in Ecology. Here we review the basic properties of wavelets that make them such an attractive and powerful tool for ecological applications. We also illustrate our review by some adapted ecological examples particularly in relation to environmental and climatic forcing. ∗Author for correspondence (cazelles@biologie.ens.fr)
Geology and paleontology

Doelter8 describes a number of syntheses of rock forming minerals and a series of experiments relating to the influence of mineralizers. in the production of rock components. The descriptions close with remarks on the conclusions of petographic interest that may be deduced! from the experiments. The same author9 declares as the result of microscopic and field studies that the granite of the Bachergebirge is an intrusive rock although it possesses gneissoid features. On maps of the district a granite porphyry is separated from the normal granite in coloring. This the author believes to be a mistake, as the two rocks are parts of the same magma. The Koralps'0 are composed of mica-schists, interlaminated with amphibolites, eklogites, marbles and gneissic pegmatites. The micaschists are overlain by phyllites and green schists. The pegmatites are of three kinds-a schistose aggregate of large tourmalines and feldspars, a granular aggregate of tourmaline, quartz and a little feldspar, and a massive quartz-rock containing a little tourmaline and feldspar. The amphibolites are in part garnetiferous.
Comparing the expressive power of access control models

Comparing the expressive power of access control models is recognized as a fundamental problem in computer security. Such comparisons are generally based on simulations between different access control schemes. However, the definitions for simulations that are used in the literature make it impossible to put results and claims about the expressive power of access control models into a single context and to compare such models to one another in a meaningful way. We propose a theory for comparing the expressive power of access control models. We perceive access control systems as state-transition systems and require simulations to preserve security properties. We discuss the rationale behind such a theory, apply the theory to reexamine some existing work on the expressive power of access control models in the literature and present three results. We show that: (1) RBAC with a particular administrative model from the literature (ARBAC97) is limited in its expressive power; (2) ATAM (Augmented Typed Access Matrix) is more expressive than TAM (Typed Access Matrix), thereby solving an open problem posed in the literature; and (3) a trust-management language is at least as expressive as RBAC with a particular administrative model (the URA97 component of ARBAC97).
Fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensates and Bargmann transform

When a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is rotated sufficiently fast, it nucleates vortices. The system is only stable if the rotational velocity Ω is lower than a critical value Ωc. Experiments show that as Ω approaches Ωc, the condensate nucleates more and more vortices, which become periodically arranged. We present here a mathematical study of this limit. Using Bargmann transform and an analogy with semi-classical analysis in second quantization, we prove that the system necessarily has an infinite number of vortices and provide an ansatz for the solution. This summarizes two joint works, with A. Aftalion (LJLL, Univ. Paris 6) and J. Dalibard (LKB, Ecole Normale Supérieure), on the one hand, and with A. Aftalion and F. Nier (IRMAR, Univ. Rennes I) on the other hand.
The Impact of Brexit on UK Firms

We use a major new survey of UK firms, the Decision Maker Panel, to assess the impact of the June 2016 Brexit referendum. We identify three key results. First, the UK’s decision to leave the EU has generated a large, broad and long-lasting increase in uncertainty. Second, anticipation of Brexit is estimated to have gradually reduced investment by about 11% over the three years following the June 2016 vote. This fall in investment took longer to occur than predicted at the time of the referendum, suggesting that the size and persistence of this uncertainty may have delayed firms’ response to the Brexit vote. Finally, the Brexit process is estimated to have reduced UK productivity by between 2% and 5% over the three years after the referendum. Much of this drop is from negative within-firm effects, in part because firms are committing several hours per week of top-management time to Brexit planning. We also find evidence for smaller negative between-firm effects as more productive, internationally exposed, first have been more negatively impacted than less productive domestic firms.
Weeds seed bank changes for annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and other species under a range of farm management practices on the Liverpool Plains of northern New South Wales.

The soil weed seed bank is recognised as the primary source of weed infestations on arable land. Knowledge of the weed seed bank dynamics for individual species would therefore be helpful in designing an integrated weed management program. Farm management practices will govern the size and composition of the weed seed bank. This paper reports two years data of a three year trial to characterise the seed banks of glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and other potentially resistant weeds in paddocks on farms on the Liverpool Plains in northern New South Wales where glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass occurred. Samples were taken from zero tilled and cultivated fields. Soil cores (10 cm depth and 2.5 cm diameter) were used to sample the fields. Soil samples were germinated under polyhouse conditions and the emerged weed seedlings were counted and identified. Knowledge of the cropping history and other chemical and cultural practices used by collaborator farmers are used to help to interpret the results. A total of seven weed species and a few unidentified broad leaf and grass weeds were found. L. rigidum, Polygonum aviculare L. , Lamium amplexicaule L. , Crassula colorata (Nees) Ostenf. and Poa spp. were the dominant weeds in most of the paddocks. Several other weeds with lower populations viz. Fumaria parviflora Lam. , Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britt. & P.Wilson, Sonchus oleraceus L. , Gamochaeta pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera, Veronica arvensis L. , Anagallis arvensis L. and Meliolotus indica All. are not reported in this paper. The combination of rotations and tillage practices appeared to play a significant role in the subsequent increase or decrease of populations of different weed species over time. A third year’s data from 2006 should help to clarify the patterns.
Financial Literacy, Retirement Planning and Household Wealth

There is ample empirical evidence documenting widespread financial illiteracy and limited pension knowledge. At the same time, the distribution of wealth is widely dispersed and many workers arrive on the verge of retirement with few or no personal assets. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between financial literacy and household net worth, relying on comprehensive measures of financial knowledge designed for a special module of the DNB (De Nederlandsche Bank) Household Survey. Our findings provide evidence of a strong positive association between financial literacy and net worth, even after controlling for many determinants of wealth. Moreover, we discuss two channels through which financial literacy might facilitate wealth accumulation. First, financial knowledge increases the likelihood of investing in the stock market, allowing individuals to benefit from the equity premium. Second, financial literacy is positively related to retirement planning, and the development of a savings plan has been shown to boost wealth. Overall, financial literacy, both directly and indirectly, is found to have a strong link to household wealth.