Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Culturally Responsive and Asset-Based Strategies for Family Engagement in Odds-Beating Secondary Schools.

Several decades of research has generated a near-consensus on the link between positive student outcomes and effective engagement between educators and families. Despite the widespread acknowledgement of this connection, many educators continue to struggle to engage families in ways that are both culturally responsive and sensitive to power dynamics. Though barriers to family engagement have been explored in depth, little research exists about what family engagement looks like in schools with above-predicted student outcomes. This research offers insight into family engagement through two case studies of secondary schools in New York State—chosen for study for their odds-beating graduation outcomes. Educators in these schools share in common the strategies of drawing on local resources and engaging family members in culturally responsive and collaborative ways with particular sensitivities to power imbalances. These findings hold implications with regard to how barriers to family engagement may be overcome in demographically diverse contexts with histories of better graduation outcomes.
Crystal structure and absolute piezoelectric d14 coefficient in laevorotatory Bi12SiO20

Laevorotatory Bi12 SiO20 crystallizes in the cubic system with space group 123 and a=10.10433±0.00005 A at 298 K. The integrated intensities of 5488 reflections within a hemisphere of reciprocal space with (sinϑ/γ? 1.15 A−L were measured with monochromatic MoKα radiation. A total of 977 independent and significantly nonzero Fmeas were used to determine the crystal structure by the method of least squares. The final agreement factor R=0.0316. The Si–O distance within the geometrically regular SiO4 tetrahedron is 1.647±0.005 A. The Bi–O bond distances, ranging from 2.064±0.009 to 2.647±0.003 A, with two additional contacts of 3.06 and 3.161 A formed by the Bi inert 6s2 electron pair are all within 0.025 A of the corresponding distances Bi12 GeO2. The absolute sense of the piezoelectric d14 coefficient is such that tensile stress along [111] generates positive polarity on (111), the face toward which the oxygen apex of the SiO4 tetrahedra points,i.e.,d1450. The magnitude of d14 was determined in a static expe.
Kappa opioids promote the proliferation of astrocytes via Gbetagamma and beta‐arrestin 2 dependent ERK/MAPK‐mediated pathways

Seven‐ transmembrane receptors activate ERK/MAPK via G protein dependent and independent mechnanisms. Opioid receptors (ORs) modulate proliferation of immortalized and primary astrocytes via ERK. We examined κ OR‐induced, ERK‐mediated proliferation of rat immortalized and primary astrocytes to delineate participation of G protein vs. β‐arrestin (β‐arr). κ opioid agonist, U69,593, activated ERK by a rapid (min) initial stimulation that was sustained over 2 h and increased proliferation of immortalized and primary astrocytes as measured by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. κ agonist, MOM‐Sal‐B (a salvinorin derivative), induced ERK activation transiently (min) and did not affect proliferation of immortalized astrocytes suggesting that sustained ERK activity is required. In primary astrocytes, MOM‐Sal‐B elicited sustained ERK activity and proliferation. Transfection of immortalized astrocytes with cDNA of a Gβγ scavenger reduced ERK activaty by U69,593. Treatment of immortalized cells with siRNA indicated that ERK activation by U69,593 is β‐arr 2 dependent. The same inhibitors decreased MOM‐Sal‐B activation of ERK in immortalized cells. Gβγ scavenger or β‐arr 2 siRNA abolished proliferation of primary astrocytes induced by both κ opioids. The results suggest that Gβγ and β‐arr 2 dependent ERK activation pathways are required to elicit proliferation of primary astrocytes. Supported by NIH DA 05412
Characterization of a Whole Smoke In Vitro Exposure System (Burghart Mimic Smoker-01)

In vitro systems are frequently used to study mechanisms of mainstream cigarette smoke (MS)-induced lung injury. Traditional methods of exposure involve the capture of MS particulate phase with filter pads or bubbling MS through phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or cell culture medium. Although useful for in vitro experiments, these exposure methods may fail to capture potential interactions between the gas and particulate phases. To better understand the effect of MS on the human airway, in vitro whole smoke exposure systems that utilize freshly generated whole smoke are needed. Here we report the characterization of a new in vitro whole smoke exposure system (Burghart Mimic Smoker-01 (MSB-01)). This system uses a smoke distribution manifold to simultaneously deliver MS to each well of a 96-well plate. Intraday and interday variations for particulate matter deposition were less than 5% and 13% respectively. Cytotoxicity measurements using lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells indicate variations in calculated EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) values of 13% intraday and 20% interday. Smoke particulate losses and changes in particle size distribution were also analyzed. The data indicate that 45–50% of the MS generated at the smoking ports is lost within the system prior to delivery into the exposure chamber; however, no changes in particle size distribution were detected throughout the system. Overall, the MSB-01 reproducibly delivered mainstream cigarette smoke in a dose dependent manner across the multiwell plate. The MSB-01 is a high throughput system capable of exposing cells to both the MS particulate and gas/vapor phases simultaneously.
Suplementasi Heit-Chrose pada Pakan Sapi Perah Pre-Partum Ditinjau dari Profil Darah dan Recovery Bobot Tubuh Post-Partum

(Pre-partum supplementation of heit-chrose on post-partum blood profile and recovery of body weight of dairy cows) ABSTRACT . This study aimed to determine the profile of blood, metabolic enzymes and recovery of body weight in dairy cows fed diet supplemented with Heit-CHrose (Feed supplement containing saponins, allicin, organic mineral: Se, Cr, and Zn). The experiments were conducted with 4 treatments, R0 : control diet (CP 13,79% and TDN 67,2%), R1 : R0 supplemented with organic minerals (Cr 1,5 ppm; Se 0,3 ppm; Zn-Lyzinat 40 ppm), R2 : Ro supplemented with Heit-CHrose are given in the component feeding, and R3 : Ro supplemented with Heit-CHrose are given in total mixed ration (TMR). Data were tested using analysis of variance with a completely randomized design using four replications, and HSD test. The results showed that the supplementation of Heit-CHrose to the diet of dairy cows gave significant effect (P 0.05) on hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and blood cholesterol and metabolic enzyme (alkali phospatase). Supplementation of Heit Chrose in dairy cows diet with component feeding and TMR increases blood glucose and recovery of body weight.
Influence of Green Manuring and Zinc Fertilization on Quality Parameters of Basmati Rice

The effects of summer green manuring crops and zinc (Zn) fertilization on quality of basmati rice during summer rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 (kharif, April–November) were evaluated in field experiments at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Quality parameters of basmati rice (viz., physical, biochemical, and cooking quality parameters) increased significantly as a result of summer green manure crop residue incorporation over summer fallow treatment. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure crop residues led to significantly greater protein (8.44 percent mean of 2 years) and amylose content (25.78 percent mean of 2 years). Zinc fertilization using 2 percent Zn-enriched urea (ZEU) recorded the greatest values for these parameters and also for hulling (73.8 percent mean of 2 years) and milling (62.4 percent mean of 2 years). Zinc fertilization using 2 percent ZEU and incorporation of Sesbania aculeata green manure crop residues also recorded the greatest values for all quality parameters related to cooking quality such as length and breadth of grains before and after cooking. Soil microbiological parameters and yield showed significantly high positive correlations with quality parameters. The 2-year field study clearly demonstrated the benefits of summer green manure nitrogen (N) and Zn enrichment for improving the biochemical, physical, and cooking quality parameters of basmati rice.
Control of Subsurface Flow: The Effect of Al-OM Interactions on Hydraulic Conductivity

Control of subsurface flow is important for sustainable water management. It is, for example, a useful tool for the handling of contaminated sites or the reduction of unwanted seepage. In this thesis the complexation interactions between DOM and Al are successfully used to reduce the hydraulic conductivity of a sand layer. The complexation of Al and DOM and the resulting floc sizes were first analysed with filtrations and a Malvern Mastersizer. According to the scientific norm approximately 95\% of the organic matter precipitated at Al/C 0.03 (i.e. did not pass through a 0.45 $\mu$m membrane). It was found that the mean floc size drastically grows between Al/C 0.02 and 0.03. At high Al/C ratios ($>$ 0.05) these flocs were also formed in a sand layer at constant saturated flow. In the two dimensional laboratory set-up a narrow (1 cm), dark brow layer grew at the contact front of the Al and DOM solutions. It is thought that hydrodynamic dispersion mixes the solutes and therefore changes the Al/C ratio and that the changed Al/C ratio leads to the immobilisation of Al and DOM. EC measurements showed that the small precipitate layer limits further dispersion of Al, and might therefore limit its own growth. Furthermore it was firmly proven that immobilized Al and DOM cause a significant reduction in hydraulic conductivity. Firstly the hydraulic conductivity was reduced to 38\% of its original value after which is was reduced to 23\% in a second experimental phase.
Long-Range Interactions in One- and Two-Electron Rydberg Atoms

We present calculations of long-range interactions in Rydberg atoms, with a focus on the dipole-dipole interactions of strontium Rydberg states. The growing use of Rydberg states in the field of cold atoms necessitates a more detailed understanding of the effects of dipole-dipole interactions, which are currently being investigated in a number of research groups worldwide. Calculations of long-range interactions in Rydberg states of caesium, cal- cium, rubidium, strontium and ytterbium are presented. By taking the one active electron approximation we develop consistent models of these long- range interactions, and construct a survey of the Rydberg state dipole-dipole interactions and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions. We compare the inter- actions between series and between atoms, highlighting the importance of certain series for applications suggested in previous works. In order to include two-electron effects in the description of dipole-dipole interactions in divalent atoms, we use multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) to develop models of the Rydberg series of strontium. We use an empirical reactance matrix formalism, where the reactance matrix is fitted to reproduce experimentally measured values of the bound state energy levels. Models are found for all series of strontium with L ≤ 3. We extend the MQDT formalism to the description of the natural radiative lifetimes of strontium, where the perturbers are found to have a large quenching effect on these lifetimes. By incorporating the MQDT description of the Rydberg states of strontium into the calculation of dipole-dipole interactions, we find a spin-forbidden two-atom resonance in the 3D2 states of strontium. We consider a one- dimensional lattice of strontium atoms, and find that the internal dynamics of the Rydberg atoms demonstrates spin transport for large lattice spacings and a separation of the spin and total angular momentum dynamics for small lattice spacings. Spin-angular momentum separation (analogous to spin-charge separation in condensed matter) in strontium Rydberg atoms may have uses in the investigation of one-dimensional Fermi gases and their description using Luttinger liquid theory.
Conjugated Serotonins and Phenolic Constituents in Safflower Seed (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

New three conjugated serotonins were isolated from safflower meal (carthamus tinctorius L.). On the basis of spectral properties and chemical evidence, their structures were determined as N-feruloylserotonin (4), N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (5) and N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin mono-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), The known compounds, 2-hydroxyarctiin (2), matairesinol mono-β-d-glucoside (1) and acacetin (3) were also isolated and identified.
Toward Quantitative Measurements of Piezoelectricity in III-N Semiconductor Nanowires

Piezoelectric semiconductor III-Nitride nanostructures have received increasing interest as an alternative material for energy harvesters, sensors, and self-sustainable electronics, demanding well-clarification of their piezoelectric behavior. Despite the feasibility of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to resolve piezo-responses at the nanoscale, several difficulties arise when the measurements are performed on low piezo-coefficient materials due to various artifacts. This work shows that semi-quantitative PFM on low piezo-coefficient III-Nitrides can be achieved in high-aspect-ratio nanostructures such as nanowires or nanorods. For conventional bulks and thin films, accurate determination of their piezoresponses is limited because of clamping and bending effects which can occur simultaneously during PFM measurements. While the clamping effect only reduces the piezoresponse amplitude, the bending motion either increases or decreases this amplitude and can also rotate the phase by 180{\deg}. Improved electric field distribution in nanowires minimizes both artifacts, allowing correct determinations of crystal polarities and piezo-coefficients. In contrast to the reports in the literature, we do not observe giant piezoelectricity in III-N nanowires with a diameter in the range of 30-80 nm. This work provides an access to fundamental parameters for developing III-N based piezoelectric nano-devices.
A Detailed Characterization of the Expert Problem-Solving Process in Science and Engineering: Guidance for Teaching and Assessment

A primary goal of science and engineering (S&E) education is to produce good problem solvers, but how to best teach and measure the quality of problem solving remains unclear. The process is complex, multifaceted, and not fully characterized. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the S&E problem-solving process as a set of specific interlinked decisions. This framework of decisions is empirically grounded and describes the entire process. To develop this, we interviewed 52 successful scientists and engineers (“experts”) spanning different disciplines, including biology and medicine. They described how they solved a typical but important problem in their work, and we analyzed the interviews in terms of decisions made. Surprisingly, we found that across all experts and fields, the solution process was framed around making a set of just 29 specific decisions. We also found that the process of making those discipline-general decisions (selecting between alternative actions) relied heavily on domain-specific predictive models that embodied the relevant disciplinary knowledge. This set of decisions provides a guide for the detailed measurement and teaching of S&E problem solving. This decision framework also provides a more specific, complete, and empirically based description of the “practices” of science.
Scaling Out-of-Distribution Detection for Real-World Settings

Detecting out-of-distribution examples is important for safety-critical machine learning applications such as medical screening and self-driving cars. However, existing research mainly focuses on simple small-scale settings. To set the stage for more realistic out-of-distribution detection, we depart from small-scale settings and explore large-scale multiclass and multi-label settings with high-resolution images and hundreds of classes. To make future work in real-world settings possible, we also create a new benchmark for anomaly segmentation by introducing the Combined Anomalous Object Segmentation benchmark. Our novel benchmark combines two datasets for anomaly segmentation that incorporate both realism and anomaly diversity. Using both real images and those from a simulated driving environment, we ensure the background context and a wide variety of anomalous objects are naturally integrated, unlike before. We conduct extensive experiments in these more realistic settings for out-of-distribution detection and find that a surprisingly simple detector based on the maximum logit outperforms prior methods in all the large-scale multi-class, multi-label, and segmentation tasks we consider, establishing a new baseline for future work. These results, along with our new anomaly segmentation benchmark, open the door to future research in out-of-distribution detection.
Leadership as a fundamental aspect of the performance of student-athletes in university men’s sports teams

The purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of athletes’ leadership skills, determining effective performance and sports achievement; to theoretically prove and implement the authors’ program, focusing on qualified athletes’ leadership skills developing in university men’s sports teams. Materials: the constative study involved a number of student-athletes – with different qualifying standards – 147 athletes and 18-22-year-olds from 13 men’s sports teams of Dnipropetrovsk universities. The researchers’ focus resolves around the factors that influence athletes’ performance and sports achievement, based on forming a holistic-interactional paradigm frame that encompassed the research of the dynamics of the relationship between hypothetical constructs. The experiment involved 92 athletes, ranged from 18-22-year-olds – amateurs; professional sportsmen, key players of 8 sports teams. The experimental group (EG) athletes’ training was done under the propounded program; and control group’s (CG) training was structured on a regular basis. Results. Have highlighted the leading skills efficiency of men’s teams’ work in basketball, volleyball, mini-football and handball games; singling out peculiarities of each team’s cohesion on the whole, as well as athletes’ individual and psychological characteristics of their higher nervous activity. It is important to stress out that the social-cognitive theory of a personality describing the interaction between a personality, his behaviour, and the environment bears the evidence that athletes, regardless their temperament and character dimensions, can achieve high athletic performance. The study of teams’ socio-psychological environments shows that the emotional variable makes up 49 %, behavioral one is 43 %, and the cognitive variable equals to 8 %. Overall, socio-psychological climate is assessed as a contradictory one, which testifies to ambiguous and incompatible relations between players, and their interests, goals and values achievement might lead to conflicts in a number of ways. Conclusion. Thus, to effectively develop and implement the suggested program the authors outlined and grounded the complex of organizational and methodological conditions for the development and implementation of the program of forming qualified athletes’ leadership competency in university men’s sports teams. Content-centered and thoroughly carried out, the forming experiment laid the grounds for athletes’ performance to be considerably improved according to the propounded program.
Study of Excess Silicon at Si3 N 4 / Thermal SiO2 Interface Using EELS and Ellipsometric Measurements

The chemical composition and structure of the Si 3 N 4 /thermal SiO 2 interface in silicon/oxide/nitride/oxide (SONO) structures were studied by using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and ellipsometric measurements. Both experiments show the existence of excess silicon at the Si 3 N 4 /thermal SiO 2 interface, in the form of Si-Si bonds in the Si-rich silicon oxynitride. Wet oxidation of the as-deposited Si 3 N 4 has profound effects on the interfaces in SONO structure. Mechanisms responsible for these observations are proposed based on the chemical reactions during the synthesis of the SONO structure. Particularly, we propose that the Si-Si bonds are produced by replacing nitrogen with oxygen during the oxidation of Si 3 N 4 . These bonds should be the responsible candidates for the positive charge accumulation in re-oxidized nitrided oxide at the hot hole injection and ionizing radiation.
The physics, dosimetry and microdosimetry of boron neutron capture theraphy

A validated experimental and numerical procedure is described detailing macroscopic and microscopic dose calculations forming the basis of a protocol for the pre-clinical biological characterisation of the University of Birmingham’s BNCT facility. Fundamental reference dosimetric measurements have been carried out at the University of Birmingham’s accelerator based NCT facility and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) research reactor to characterise macroscopic and microscopic doses and derive correction factors for the irradiation of V79 cells incubated in boric acid and irradiated as monolayers. On and off-axis thermal neutron, fast neutron and photon doses have been measured and calculated with standard macroscopic dosimetry techniques (foils and ion chambers) from which normalised MCNPX calculations are used to derive perturbation factors and off-axis corrections for cell flask irradiations. Microdosimetric correction factors are calculated for the boron dose component using Monte Carlo methods to simulate lithium ion and alpha particle tracks in semi-stochastic geometries representative of cell monolayer irradiations, incubated in a medium with 50ppm boric acid. Further simulations of recoil protons from nitrogen capture reactions allow for the calculation of correction factors for the non-uniform distribution of the nitrogen dose at the cellular level.
Anticoagulation activity of crosslinked N‐sulfofurfuryl chitosan membranes

N-Sulfofurfuryl chitosan (SuCS) was pre- pared through the coupling of 5-formyl-2-furansulfonic acid (FFSA) with chitosan via Schiff's base reaction in an aqueous solution of acetic acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the formation of SuCS, and elemental analysis indicated that the concentration of the sulfonic acid groups in modified chitosan increased as the feeding ratio of FFSA increased. A protein adsorption experiment revealed that at higher concentrations of the sulfonic acid groups, glucose aldehyde crosslinked SuCS membranes were inclined to adsorb bovine serum albumin, but the adsorption of fibrin- ogen was hindered to some extent. Circular dichroism dem- onstrated that SuCS significantly altered the conformation of thrombin, whereas no obvious variation in the conformation of thrombin was observed with the addition of chitosan. The anticoagulation activity of glucose aldehyde crosslinked SuCS and chitosan membranes was evaluated through as- says of the prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). APTT of an SuCS membrane was prolonged in comparison with that of its chitosan counterpart and showed a rising trend with an increasing concentration of the sulfonic acid moieties. How- ever, PT and TT were not markedly affected. The anticoag- ulant mechanism of the SuCS membranes supposedly orig- inated from an intrinsic pathway to the inhibition of coag- ulation enzymes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 53-56, 2004