Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relation between science teachers’ classroom management skills and their cognitive flexibility

ABSTRACT This study is intended to determine science teachers’ cognitive flexibility and their classroom management skills, and to examine the relationship between teachers’ cognitive flexibility and their classroom management skills. The study was carried out through the use of correlational survey model. In the study carried out with 261 participants, science teachers’ levels of cognitive flexibility and their classroom management skills are tried to be explained through descriptive analyses, and the relation between teachers’ cognitive flexibility and their classroom management skills is explained through Structural Equation Model (SEM). It has been observed in the study that science teachers have a high level of cognitive flexibility and classroom management skills. In addition, a model correlating variable of alternatives and control, which are the sub-dimensions of cognitive flexibility, with classroom management skills has been built and tested. Fit indices of the model have demonstrated that the model is statistically acceptable. Findings show that there is a positive and significant relation between the alternatives sub-dimension of cognitive flexibility and classroom management skills while there is no significant relation between the control sub-dimension of cognitive flexibility and classroom management skills.
It's essentially Maschke's theorem

The Galois theory of noncommutative rings is a new subject with roots in invariant theory and in the Galois theory of fields, commutative rings and division rings. If G is a finite group of automorphisms of a ring R, then we are concerned with the relationship between R and the fixed subring R = {re R\r* = r for all g e G}. For the best results it is frequently necessary to assume that R has no |G|-torsion, so that r-|G| = 0 implies r = 0, or even the stronger hypothesis that ICJI e R. A delightful introduction to this material can be found in the survey paper [7] of Fisher and Osterburg. An in-depth study appears in the recent monograph [25] of Montgomery. A useful tool in this subject is the skew group ring RG, the set of all formal sums Z^<=G rgg with rg e R. Addition in RG is componentwise and multiplication is defined distributively by the formula
‘I take care and the state sabotages from the beginning to the end!’: tracing ‘volunteering’ in European provision arrangements for refugees and asylum seekers

ABSTRACT In the spring of 2015, the citizens’ initiative ‘We Welcome’ in a small municipality in Western Austria published a manifesto to announce that it had invented and granted ‘municipal asylum’ to two asylum seekers, to protect them from deportation by national authorities. In this article, I follow the logics of the extended case method as I discuss the initiative We Welcome as an extraordinary example of volunteering in the asylum regime. Recent literature on the role of volunteers in refugee reception fails to historically situate volunteering as part and parcel of provision arrangements for asylum seekers and refugees. I address this gap by looking into the emergence of ‘volunteering’ as an object of knowledge production and policy-making since the 1980s. I further show that the experiences of the initiative’s participants run counter to hegemonic discourses, which picture ‘volunteering’ as a means to produce trust and social cohesion. Instead of eliciting their trust, their experiences as volunteers deeply alienated them from the nation-state, and their citizenship was unsettled.
Effect of Interactions between Phosphorus and Light Intensity on Metabolite Compositions in Tea Cultivar Longjing43

Light intensity influences energy production by increasing photosynthetic carbon, while phosphorus plays an important role in forming the complex nucleic acid structure for the regulation of protein synthesis. These two factors contribute to gene expression, metabolism, and plant growth regulation. In particular, shading is an effective agronomic practice and is widely used to improve the quality of green tea. Genotypic differences between tea cultivars have been observed as a metabolic response to phosphorus deficiency. However, little is known about how the phosphorus supply mediates the effect of shading on metabolites and how plant cultivar gene expression affects green tea quality. We elucidated the responses of the green tea cultivar Longjing43 under three light intensity levels and two levels of phosphorus supply based on a metabolomic analysis by GC×GC-TOF/MS (Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography coupled to Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry) and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry), a targeted analysis by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and a gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR. In young shoots, the phosphorus concentration increased in line with the phosphate supply, and elevated light intensities were positively correlated with catechins, especially with epigallocatechin of Longjing43. Moreover, when the phosphorus concentration was sufficient, total amino acids in young shoots were enhanced by moderate shading which did not occur under phosphorus deprivation. By metabolomic analysis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis (PTT) were enriched due to light and phosphorus effects. Under shaded conditions, SPX2 (Pi transport, stress, sensing, and signaling), SWEET3 (bidirectional sugar transporter), AAP (amino acid permeases), and GSTb (glutathione S-transferase b) shared the same analogous correlations with primary and secondary metabolite pathways. Taken together, phosphorus status is a crucial factor when shading is applied to increase green tea quality.
Patch Adversarial Loss w Avg Patch Perceptual Loss ● ● ● Dilated Blocks PatchGAN Discriminator

Recent advances in deep generative models have shown promising potential in image inpanting, which refers to the task of predicting missing pixel values of an incomplete image using the known context. However, existing methods can be slow or generate unsatisfying results with easily detectable flaws. In addition, there is often perceivable discontinuity near the holes and require further post-processing to blend the results. We present a new approach to address the difficulty of training a very deep generative model to synthesize high-quality photo-realistic inpainting. Our model uses conditional generative adversarial networks (conditional GANs) as the backbone, and we introduce a novel block-wise procedural training scheme to stabilize the training while we increase the network depth. We also propose a new strategy called adversarial loss annealing to reduce the artifacts. We further describe several losses specifically designed for inpainting and show their effectiveness. Extensive experiments and user-study show that our approach outperforms existing methods in several tasks such as inpainting, face completion and image harmonization. Finally, we show our framework can be easily used as a tool for interactive guided inpainting, demonstrating its practical value to solve common real-world challenges.
The dispersionless 2D Toda equation: dressing, Cauchy problem, longtime behaviour, implicit solutions and wave breaking

We have recently solved the inverse spectral problem for one-parameter families of vector fields, and used this result to construct the formal solution of the Cauchy problem for a class of integrable nonlinear partial differential equations in multidimensions, including the second heavenly equation of Plebanski and the dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (dKP) equation, arising as commutation of vector fields. In this paper, we make use of the above theory (i) to construct the nonlinear Riemann–Hilbert dressing for the so-called two-dimensional dispersionless Toda equation , elucidating the spectral mechanism responsible for wave breaking; (ii) we present the formal solution of the Cauchy problem for the wave form of it: (exp(φ))tt = φxx + φyy; (iii) we obtain the longtime behaviour of the solutions of such a Cauchy problem, showing that it is essentially described by the longtime breaking formulae of the dKP solutions, confirming the expected universal character of the dKP equation as prototype model in the description of the gradient catastrophe of two-dimensional waves; (iv) we finally characterize a class of spectral data allowing one to linearize the RH problem, corresponding to a class of implicit solutions of the PDE.
A conservative local interface sharpening scheme for the constrained interpolation profile method

A conservative local interface sharpening scheme has been developed for the constrained interpolation profile method with the conservative semi‐Lagrangian scheme, because the conservative semi‐Lagrangian scheme does not feature a mechanism to control the interface thickness, thus causing an increase of numerical error with the advance of the time step. The proposed sharpening scheme is based on the conservative level set method proposed by Olsson and Kreiss. However, because their method can cause excessive deformation of the free‐surface in certain circumstances, we propose an improvement of the method by developing a local sharpening technique. Several advection tests are presented to assess the correctness of the advection and the improved interface sharpening scheme. This is followed by the validations of dam‐breaking flow and the rising bubble flows. The mass of the fluid is exactly conserved and the computed terminal velocity of the rising bubble agrees well with the experiments compared with other numerical methods such as the volume of fluid method (VOF), the front tracking method, and the level set method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alien species affect the abundance and richness of native species in tropical forests: The role of adaptive strategies

Understanding the role of alien species in forest communities, and how native and alien species interact to shape the composition and structure of contemporary forests, is of critical importance to invasion ecology and natural resource management. We used vegetation data collected over a 20-year period in 341 permanent plots representing remnants of closed-canopy forests and post-agricultural secondary forests across Puerto Rico to compare changes in the composition and abundance of native and alien woody species in plots with and without aliens across different forest types and to assess whether aliens and natives show divergence or convergence regarding functional roles and ecological strategies. We also tested the applicability of Grime ’ s CSR (competitive, stress-tolerant, and ruderal strategies) theory to explain naturali-zation success. Species richness and abundance of natives are consistently lower in plots in which aliens are present compared with those without them. This negative association between aliens and natives has been consistent over the 20 years and across all forest types. Both native and total richness slightly increased over the 20 years, but the increase in native species richness was three times lower in plots with aliens relative to those without aliens. The CSR classification provided insight into the naturalization success of aliens. Corroborating the “ join the locals ” hypothesis, aliens use the same functional spaces as natives. The exception is in dry forests, where aliens and natives differ in the use of functional spaces, a result
Reconsidering Myths about Teamwork Using CCL’s Framework on Team Effectiveness

In this paper we discuss several pervasive myths and misperceptions about teams and teamwork. We also introduce an evidence-based framework for moving beyond these myths and misperceptions. We shared several statements about teamwork to over 1,300 working adults. On average, across all the myths and respondents, 62% of respondents agreed with the myths we presented, 21% were uncertain, and only 17% disagree. This suggests that over 80% of respondents either endorsed, or expressed uncertainty about, myths relating to fundamental aspects of teamwork. Given the pervasiveness and lack of clarity surrounding myths about teams, we provide a research-grounded framework to better support holistic team effectiveness while also illuminating nuances about common myths. Together, we leverage this framework and our review of the teams literature to offer four broader “truths” that leaders and organizations can keep in mind to support effective teamwork. These include: Effective teams need intentional and systemic support. Teams need to be intentionally supported with ongoing development and an appreciation of their place in broader systems. Teams simultaneously reflect “wholes” and “parts. ” Although teams come together to achieve shared and collective goals, they are, fundamentally, a combination of distinct individuals. Teams are dynamic. It is best to re-evaluate where a team is at any point in time rather than assume stability. Beliefs about teams and teamwork need to be (re)surfaced. Given the pervasiveness of myths and misconceptions about teamwork, there is value in openly discussing, questioning, and challenging assumptions about how teams can be the most effective.
Supplementation of banana peel powder for the development of functional broiler nuggets

Banana peel powder is considered one of the most nutritive and effective waste product to be utilized as a functional additive in the food industry. This study aimed to determine the impact of banana peel powder at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% on the nutritional composition, physicochemical parameters, antioxidant potential, cooking properties, microbial count, and organoleptic properties of functional nuggets during storage at refrigeration temperature for 21 days. Results showed a significant increase in nutritional content including ash and crude fiber ranging from 2.52 ± 0.017% to 6.45 ± 0.01% and 0.51 ± 0.01% to 2.13 ± 0.01%, respectively, whereas a significant decrease was observed in crude protein and crude fat ranging from 13.71 ± 0.02% to 8.92 ± 0.02% and 9.25 ± 0.02% to 4.51 ± 0.01%, respectively. The incorporation of banana peel powder significantly improved the Water Holding Capacity from 5.17% to 8.37%, cooking yield from 83.20 ± 0.20% to 87.73 ± 0.16% and cooking loss from 20.19 ± 0.290% to 13.98 ± 0.15%. Antioxidant potential was significantly improved as TPC of functional nuggets increased ranging from 3.73 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g to 8.53 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g while a decrease in TBARS (0.18 ± 0.02 mg malonaldehyde/kg to 0.14 ± 0.02 mg malonaldehyde/kg) was observed. Furthermore, functional broiler nuggets depicted a significantly reduced total plate count (3.06–4.20 × 105 CFU/g) than control, which is likely due to high amounts of phenolic compounds in BPP. Broiler nuggets supplemented with 2% BPP (T1) received the greatest sensory scores in terms of flavour, tenderness, and juiciness. Results of current study revealed the potential of BPP to be utilized as an effective natural source of fibre supplementation in food products along with enhanced antioxidant and anti-microbial properties.
Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling

(1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication.
Examples in College Algebra Textbooks: Opportunities for Students’ Learning

Abstract We present an analysis of several characteristics of examples in 10 college algebra textbooks used in community colleges or 4-year institutions. We analyzed the examples along four dimensions: cognitive demand, the responses expected, the use of representations, and the strategies available for verifying the correctness of the solutions. We found that textbooks, independent of the type of institution in which they are used, present examples that have low cognitive demands, expect single numeric answers, emphasize symbolic and numerical representations, and give very few strategies for verifying correctness of the solutions. We discuss the implications of these findings for teaching and further research.
Singular optimal control: A linear 1-D parabolic-hyperbolic example

We consider the problem of the null controllability of a family of 1-D linear control parabolic equations depending on two parameters, namely the viscosity and the coefficient of the transport term. We study the dependence, with respect to these parameters and the time of controllability, of the norm of the optimal controls. In particular we give estimates on the optimal control as the viscosity tends to 0.
Reducing flood hazard by effective polder operation: A case study of the Golina polder

The aim of the study was to determine an effective variant of operation of the Golina polder to reduce flood hazard in the Warta River valley. We implemented a trial-and-error method for the development of computational variants. Our approach was based on staged analyses of alternatives, which took into account different locations and parameters of the inlet and outlet-controlling structures. Various control scenarios for flooding and draining the polder were also considered. A hybrid hydrodynamic model consisting of a 1D part for the main river area and a 2D part for the polder area was used for calculations. The model was built based on a digital elevation model (1 m resolution) and channel sections of the Warta River. The calibration was based on data collected during the flood in 2010 from the water gauge Sławsk (located directl y at the Warta River) and water surface elevation measurements carried out in the polder area. Alternatives in subsequent stages were determined based on the results of previous stages, as well as experiences from the 2010 flood and consultations with the Regional Water Management Board in Poznań. The performance of the alternatives was evaluated according to six criteria that described the effectiveness of the polder operation in terms of its practical use and effectiveness in reducing flood hazard. The results showed that our approach made it possible to identify an effective variant of polder operation. Additional calculations were also performed to determine the magnitude of flows for which flooding of the polder should be considered to reduce downstream flooding.
A calibrated, non-invasive method for measuring the internal interface height field at high resolution in the rotating, two-layer annulus

We describe a remote sensing method for measuring the internal interface height field in a rotating, two-layer annulus laboratory experiment. The method is non-invasive, avoiding the possibility of an interaction between the flow and the measurement device. The height fields retrieved are accurate and highly resolved in both space and time. The technique is based on a flow visualization method developed by previous workers, and relies upon the optical rotation properties of the working liquids. The previous methods returned only qualitative interface maps, however. In the present study, a technique is developed for deriving quantitative maps by calibrating height against the colour fields registered by a camera which views the flow from above. We use a layer-wise torque balance analysis to determine the equilibrium interface height field analytically, in order to derive the calibration curves. With the current system, viewing an annulus of outer radius 125 mm and depth 250 mm from a distance of 2 m, the inferred height fields have horizontal, vertical and temporal resolutions of up to 0.2 mm, 1 mm and 0.04 s, respectively.
Cyberbullying: Common Predictors to Cyber-Victimisation and Bystanding

Cyberbullying has increased worryingly in the last decade, becoming a mental health problem in adolescence. Research usually focuses on cyber-bullies or cyber-victims, overlooking that these roles may overlap (e.g., cyber-victim-bystander). Aim: To identify possible common predictors to cyber-victimisation and bystanding. Sample: The study sample consisted in 560 students, 12–15 years old, 47.5% female. Method: Canonical correlation, examining linear relationship between a group of X variables, and a group of Y variables. Main results and conclusions: Two canonical varieties were built (Cor (U1,V1) = 0.442; Cor (U2,V2) = 0.270). Minors with high scores in cyber-victimisation (r = −0.888) and bystanding (r = −0.902) would have more favourable attitude towards violence, greater number of contacts on social networks/messaging and greater attention to emotions. The second variety discriminates minors with high cyber-victimisation score, but low observation and would relate to low attitudes towards violence and contacts on social networks/messaging, together with high scores in parental monitoring. Results suggest the possible overlapping of roles and how cyber-victimisation and bystanding share predictive factors.