Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why rough sets?

The problem of imperfect knowledge has been tackled for a long time by philosophers, logicians and mathematicians. Recently it became also a crucial issue for computer scientists, particularly in the area of artificial intelligence. There are many approaches to the problem of how to understand and manipulate the imperfect knowledge. The most successful one is, no doubt, fuzzy set theory proposed by Zadeh. Rough set theory is another attempt to this problem. The theory has attracted attention of many researchers and practitioners all over the world, who contributed essentially to its development and applications. Rough set theory overlaps with many other theories, especially with fuzzy set theory, evidence theory and Boolean reasoning methods-nevertheless it can be viewed in its own rights, as an independent, complementary, and not competing discipline.
Student Selection of Random Digits

The paper describes an investigation in which four groups of university students, of sizes 228, 111, 51 and 68, were asked to generate randomly a sequence of 25 digits from {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. Previous studies of this kind have suggested that people have tendencies to avoid repetition, to respond serially and to cycle. The aim of our investigation was to study further the nature and extent of people's biases. Particular emphasis was put on the frequency and spread of digits in a selection, as well as on aspects of repetition and clustering. The distribution of the number of clusters of size k was obtained, and our analysis includes the use of this distribution. Our results support previous research showing the very special (and less favoured) status of 0 but also show a strong tendency of students to balance selections and to avoid clustering and sequentially repeating digits.
Influence of electrode configuration and liquid crystalline polymer type on electrorheological effect

In the many studies on electrorheological (ER) fluids, which change viscosity upon application of an electric field, they have generally been placed between homogeneous electrodes. In our previous paper we proposed a one-sided (unilateral) electrode configuration, in which the ER fluid is placed between a nonconductive disk and a disk bearing concentric-circular and radial electrode patterns, and described the resulting ER effects of the liquid crystalline polymer ER fluid. Here we describe the ER effects of the same ER fluid between various configurations with homogeneous electrodes, patterned electrodes, and nonconductive disks, and those of a second type of liquid crystalline polymer ER fluid between the patterned electrodes and nonconductive disks.
Formaldehyde in Comets C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/2002 T7 (LINEAR), and C/2001 Q4 (NEAT): Investigating the Cometary Origin of H2CO

Observations of formaldehyde (H2CO) have been conducted toward comets C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), and C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) using the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) 12 m telescope at 1.2 and 2 mm. Aperture synthesis maps of H2CO at 3 mm were made using the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) interferometer toward comet Hale-Bopp. These data indicate that the production rate of H2CO is ~3.7 × 1028 s-1 at ~1 AU in comet Hale-Bopp, using a simple Monte Carlo model, if a nuclear origin for the molecule is assumed. However, maps of H2CO in Hale-Bopp, in comparison with CO, show an extended distribution (rs ~ 15,000 km) with small-scale structure oriented roughly along the comet-Sun direction. This result suggests a source of H2CO other than the comet nucleus. The extended source of formaldehyde is probably grains composed of a mixture of silicates and organic material. The production rate for H2CO increases to Q ~ 1.4 × 1029 s-1 assuming such an extended grain source. This value implies a Q/Q(H2O) ~ 1.4%, which is similar to the production rate ratio of Q/Q(H2O) ~ 4% derived from in situ measurements of H2CO in comet Halley. Production rates for H2CO toward comets C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) and C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) are 1.4 × 1027 and 5.6 × 1026 s-1, respectively, modeled using the extended grain source. The spectra of H2CO measured toward comet C/2002 T7 (LINEAR) show evidence for a second velocity component, most likely arising from comet fragmentation.
Trajectory Method of Making Short-Range Forecasts of Differential Temperature Advection, Instability, and Moisture

Abstract A method is presented of forecasting indices of the strength of horizontal differential temperature advection, instability, and moisture—factors which have been found useful in locating areas of moderate to heavy rainfall. Carefully analyzed data from charts currently used in most forecast programs are used. Examples of the techniques and several cases giving the forecast of parameters and the corresponding observed rainfall are shown. Also included is a comparison of forecast areas of horizontal differential advection and tornado occurrence.
The pitch of short‐duration vibrato tones

The pitch perceived for short vocal vibrato tones was measured using a method of adjustment. The stimuli were synthetic vocal tones, produced by a formant synthesizer. The main parameter under study was the tone duration, as a function of the fractional number of vibrato cycles. This parameter was examined in relation to (1) the vibrato extent (0, 50, 100, and 200 cents); (2) the vibrato rate (4, 6, and 8 Hz); (3) the tone nominal frequency (220, 440, 880, and 1500 Hz). Durations ranging from 1/2 cycle to 2 cycles were studied. Our results showed that for short tones, the pitch perceived does correspond to a weighted time average of the F0 pattern. A separate perception took place for the high and low parts of the vibrato cycles, for large vibrato extents or slow vibrato rates. This phenomenon was related consistently with the glissando threshold. A simple numerical model of weighted time averaging with threshold was proposed. It demonstrated a good agreement with our experimental data. Finally, the exper.
Mass production of quartz high-speed chemical etching applied to AT-cut wafers

The phenomenon in which etch pits and etch channels did not generate the required etching rate of an AT-cut quartz crystal wafer by carrying out etching at a rate lower than the growth speed of crystal was discovered. The high-speed chemical etching process examined, including lapping to polishing of the crystal wafers, was performed in less than 4 minutes. As a condition for which a mirror surface is possible, the ultra-clean washing method of removing contamination of the crystal wafer before etching was shown to be an important element. The manufacturing process for carrying out batch processing of the crystal wafer of #2000 finish after cutting by this high-speed chemical etching was shown, and mass production was made possible. The high-speed chemical etching. method is applied also to 2 /spl mu/m thickness thin crystal wafer production used at higher operating frequencies.
Control and Communications System for Remote Operation of an Infrared Radiometer

An infrared radiometer (the Infrared Radiometer for Millimetre Astronomy, IRMA) has been developed to measure the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere through its emission at 20 μm. Water vapor is the major contributor to signal phase error in submillimeter interferometric arrays and the principal source of opacity for telescopes operating at infrared wavelengths. While earlier versions of IRMA required hands‐on operation, the desire to operate at remote and often hostile sites necessitated the development of sophisticated and robust software. IRMA is a distributed, real‐time control and data acquisition system spread across three different computers, and can be controlled remotely over the network by command scripts or a graphical user interface client program.
The Lagrange multiplier rule on manifolds and optimal control of nonlinear systems

In this paper we present a differential geometric approach to the Lagrange problem and the fixed time optimal control problem for nonlinear time-invariant control systems. We restrict attention to first order conditions for optimality and present a generalized Lagrange multiplier rule for restricted variational problems. Our treatment of the optimal control problem uses a recently proposed fibre bundle approach for the definition of nonlinear systems.
General theory of best variants choice: Some aspects

The conventional mechanisms of making the best choice, in particular, optimization mechanisms, make explicit or implicit use of the structural principle of "pair comparability" for variants and of the specific logic of the "dominant" rule for choice. This paper argues for going beyond the framework of "pairness-dominance" on the structures and rules of choice and for using "nonconventional" structures and rules. This is shown to be possible if the notions of "multitudinal influences of variants" is formalized in determining the best choices.
Thermal stability evaluation of microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten vanadium alloys

The thermal stability is important for tungsten based alloys as plasma facing materials to survive against high heat flux in fusion reactors. In this work, the thermal stability of W-5%V alloy fabricated following a powder metallurgy route by spark plasma sintering technique has been studied. To investigate the impact of temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructures, the alloy was subjected to heat treatment for 2 h over the temperature range 900–1500°C in a pure argon furnace. The micro-hardness values of the heat treated alloys were highly stable as compared to pure tungsten. A slight decrease flexural strength was observed with increasing annealing temperature. The maximum change flexural strength at the highest treated temperature was noted about 14% lower. The morphology analyses of the crack surfaces by scanning electron microscopy did not identify a drastic change in tungsten grain size, after heat treatment. The results indicate that the addition of vanadium in tungsten improves the overall thermal stability of microstructures and mechanical properties.
Multiharmonic Multiple-Point Collocation: A Method for Finding Periodic Orbits of Strongly Nonlinear Oscillators

An iterative method is proposed for finding periodic orbits of strongly nonlinear oscillators. The method combines the strength of analytical approaches, where the candidate solution is assumed in the form of a Fourier series, and the convenience of numerical methods that can be applied to larger systems with strong nonlinearity. The proposed method does not require integration of the vector field over any period of time and examples presented here illustrate that it is faster than traditional collocation algorithms, has a large radius of convergence and is capable of finding several periodic obits in each solution.
Large and small caliber railgun solid armatures: experimental results

Solid/transitioning armature performance results of two railgun programs is reported. Solid armature experiments continue for 15 and 90 mm bore guns. These armatures have been accelerated to over 2300 m/s. For the armatures tested, typical muzzle voltage measurements show the armature drop remains less than 50 V for velocities under 1000 to 1200 m/s; at velocities above 1000 m/s to 1200 m/s, the contact forms a hybrid armature. Armature performance data presented include muzzle voltage, gun current, armature resistance, total energy deposited in the armature, launch velocity, launch package muzzle kinetic energy, peak armature action, armature contact wear, and physical examination of recovered armatures. These data are separately summarized for each gun type and demonstrate armature survival at high current densities, bore pressures, and specific action. >
Transitional and turbulent boundary layer with heat transfer

We report on our direct numerical simulation of an incompressible, nominally zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate boundary layer from momentum thickness Reynolds number 80–1950. Heat transfer between the constant-temperature solid surface and the free-stream is also simulated with molecular Prandtl number Pr=1. Skin-friction coefficient and other boundary layer parameters follow the Blasius solutions prior to the onset of turbulent spots. Throughout the entire flat-plate, the ratio of Stanton number and skin-friction St/Cf deviates from the exact Reynolds analogy value of 0.5 by less than 1.5%. Mean velocity and Reynolds stresses agree with experimental data over an extended turbulent region downstream of transition. Normalized rms wall-pressure fluctuation increases gradually with the streamwise growth of the turbulent boundary layer. Wall shear stress fluctuation, τw,rms′+, on the other hand, remains constant at approximately 0.44 over the range, 800
Fabrication and Characterization of Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MFMIS) Structures Using Ferroelectric (Bi, La)4Ti3O12 Films

We have fabricated and characterized Pt/(Bi, La)4Ti3O12(BLT)/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) structures for ferroelectric-gate transistor applications. It is demonstrated that BLT films fabricated using the metalorganic decomposition (MOD) technique at 750°C have excellent electrical properties. Remanent polarization 2Pr as large as 30 µC/cm2 can be obtained. It is also shown that in the memory window increases with the area ratio SF:SM of the MFMIS structure and that a large memory window (3 V) can be obtained for a voltage sweep of ±5 V for MFMIS structures with an area ratio SF:SM of 1:15. In addition, it is demonstrated that MFMIS structures with an area ratio SF:SM of 1:15 have good data retention characteristics.
Improvements of the magnetic properties of equiaxed Fe-Cr-Co-Mo hard magnets by two-step thermomagnetic treatment

Present works describe the developments of the equiaxed Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnets with high coercivity and high energy products. The studied alloy compositions are Fe-(26-32)wt%Cr-15wt%Co-3wt%Mo. The magnetic properties of the alloys have been enhanced by the two-step thermomagnetic treatment (two-step TMT) and by prolonging all of the heat-treatment time. The energy products above 43 kJm-3(5.4MGOe) are obtained for almost all of the studied compositional alloys. Fe- 30%Cr-15%Co-3%Mo alloy gives good magnetic properties as iHc=76.8 kAm-1(960 Oe), (BH)max=49.6 kJm-3(6.2 MGOe). The highest coercivity achieved with Fe-32%Cr- 15%Co-3%Mo alloy is 80.8 kAm-1(1010 Oe).
The structure of crossed products by smooth actions

Absract Let ξ be a C*;-bundle over T with fibres {At}t∈A. Suppose that A is the C*-algebra of sections of ξ which vanish at infinity, and that (A, G, α) is a C*-dymanical system that, for each t ∈ T, the ideal It = {f ∈ A|f(t) =; 0} is G-invariant. If in addition, the stabiliser group of each P ∈ Prim(A) is amenable, then A ⋊αG is the section algebra of a C*-bundle with fibres {At ⋊αG}t∈T. The above theorem may be used to prove a structure theorem for crossed products built from C*-dynamical systems (A, G, α) where the action of G on A is smooth. Assuming that the stabiliser groups are amenable, then A ⋊αG has a composition series such that each quotient is a section algebra of a C*-bundle where the fibres are of the form Aσ ⋊αG; moreover, the Aσ correspond to locally closed subsets of Prim(A), and G acts transitively on Prim(Aσ). In many cases, in particular when (G, A) is separable, the Aσ ⋊αG have been computed explicitly by other authors. These results are actually proved for twisted C*dynamical systems.
Probability density functions of turbulent velocity and temperature fluctuations in the unstable atmospheric surface layer

[1] The behavior of probability density functions (pdfs) of the velocity and temperature fluctuations in the unstable surface layer is systematically studied within the framework of similarity theory. The pdfs of horizontal velocity fluctuations are nearly Gaussian for a wide range of atmospheric stability conditions. Thus, the standard deviations of horizontal velocity fluctuations are sufficient to predict the pdfs. Using mixed-layer similarity, these standard deviations can be estimated from mean meteorological conditions. The pdfs of vertical velocity fluctuations are non-Gaussian. We introduce the truncated stable distributions and find that they can be better for fitting the tails of measured pdfs than other non-Gaussian pdfs commonly used in the airborne dispersion models. This implies that the truncated stable distributions can be better for describing the small probability but high-impact events. Similar to the pdfs of the horizontal velocity fluctuations, the standard deviations of vertical velocity fluctuations are also sufficient to predict the pdfs. Using Monin-Obukhov similarity, their standard deviations can also be estimated from mean meteorological conditions. The pdfs of temperature fluctuations are much more complicated than those of velocity fluctuations. We show that the left tails of the temperature pdfs are likely to be power law and the right tails of temperature pdfs are Gaussian. Although complicated for pdfs, the Monin-Obukhov similarity is also valid to the standard deviations of temperature fluctuations.
A note on Allen–Uzawa partial elasticities of substitution: the case of the translog cost function

This note provides a useful property of the Allen–Uzawa partials for the translog cost function. It also suggests how the main results extend to any functional form with certain properties. The curvature of the Allen–Uzawa matrix is the same as the curvature of the Hessian matrix. Intuitively and empirically, the Allen–Uzawa partials allow for the verification of curvature properties.
CORRECTION OF VERTICAL DISPERSION AND BETATRON COUPLING

A proposed 3 GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a low emittance (1.7 nm-rad) medium energy storage ring with 24 DBA cells. The vertical emittance due to betatron coupling and spurious vertical dispersion generated by the magnet errors and off-center orbits in sextupoles and quadrupoles are analyzed. The sensitivities due to magnetic alignment errors are estimated. Using the SVD method, the result of global vertical dispersion and betatron coupling correction is presented.
Interrelationships among lean HRM practices and their impact on firm performance: a comparison between the Jordanian and German models

Purpose Lean management is a contemporary management system that firms adopt to boost their performance. Lean management can be integrated with human resources management to develop a new concept of lean human resources management (LHRM). This entails the implementation of several practices. However, the LHRM–performance paradigm remains underexplored in the literature. Hence, this study aims to examine the interrelationships between LHRM practices and the impacts of those practices on firm performance (FP). Design/methodology/approach Using two equal-sized samples (n = 250 each) of manufacturing firms in Jordan and Germany, this study proposes two structural equation models (i.e. a Jordanian and a German models) depicting the interrelationships between LHRM practices and the impacts of those practices on FP. After testing these models, a comparison between them is conducted, producing findings with theoretical and practical implications. Findings The main findings of this study indicate that the average implementation of LHRM practices among German manufacturing firms is at a higher level than the average implementation among Jordanian firms. The findings also support the proposed interrelationships between LHRM practices and the impact of those practices on FP for both the Jordanian and German models. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to highlight the proposed relationships, both in general and in the context of comparing developed and developing countries. Its findings have important implications that can enable manufacturing managers to benefit from the implementation of LHRM practices to enhance FP in different contexts. These findings provide valuable insights for human resource managers and decision-makers and open several avenues for future research.
A study of the cell morphology and mechanical properties of bumper material PP-T-EPDM composite foam

In this study, cellular polypropylene based composite foams were prepared using an universal injection moulding machine. The chemical foaming agent was added to neat polypropylene (PP) polymer, talc filled polypropylene (PP-T) composite and talc filled polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene blend (PP-T-EPDM) composite materials at the ratio of 1% and 2% by weight. The influence of foaming agent content on the mechanical and cellular properties of both neat PP polymer and PP composites was investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, hardness, cell diameter, foam density and viscosity values and skin layer thickness decreased while volume expansion ratio increased with the increment in chemical blowing agent content.
Standardization of grafting technique in Kusum [Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken]

Abstract The species, Schleichera oleosa (Kusum), holds an important place in the livelihood of tribal farmers in eastern region of India. It is getting popular due to its ethnobotanical values and its potential use as host plant for lac production. Its natural population and genetic variability is declining at faster rate due to deforestation and human interventions. Mass production of Kusum seedlings is a major challenge and moreover, auto-generation of heterozygous nature in plants calls for long term experiments for its genetic improvement which require huge monetary investments. Moreover, the factors like low quality and quantity planting materials and the problem of restricted growth in plants raised from seeds hinder the interest of the farmers. Hence, clonal propagation through grafting could be an option. The scientific knowledge on application and standardization of various approaches like girdling of scionstick branches, age of mother plant, rootstocks, etc. of Kusum are extremely limited. Keeping these in view, an experiment was conducted during 2018–2021 to standardize grafting technique in Kusum. The result revealed that grafting methods affected the graft’s success significantly. Cleft grafting was found to be the most successful (72.38% graft) than veneer grafting (64.46%). Moreover, the scions collected from tree aged <15 years showed maximum success in grafting (upto 86.23%). This study revealed the importance of girdling of scionstick branches, girdling age (3 months), girdling-ring thickness (6–8 mm), and selection of two years old rootstock to maximize graft success upto 86.25% in Kusum. Furthermore, season also play an important role in successful grafting. The period from April to June was the best time for grafting with 73.31% success.