Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of External Debt, Net Exports on Exchange Rates and Indonesia's Economic Growth

This study aims to determine the effect of Foreign Debt (X1) and Net Exports (X2) which describe exports and imports on the movement of the Rupiah exchange rate (IDR) against the US Dollar (USD) (Y1) and economic growth (Y2) in Indonesia throughout 1988-2019. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis using path analysis to determine the direct or indirect effect. The results showed that simultaneously, all dependent variables had a significant effect on the exchange rate (Y1) and economic growth (Y2). While partially, Foreign Debt (X1) and Net Exports (X2) have a positive and significant effect on the Exchange Rate (Y2). Foreign Debt (X1) has a positive and significant effect on Economic Growth (Y2), Net Exports (X2) have a positive and no significant effect on Economic Growth (Y2), and the Exchange Rate (Y1) has a significant and negative effect on Economic Growth (Y2). Based on path analysis, Foreign Debt (X1) and Net Exports (X2) show a stronger direct effect on Economic Growth (Y2), compared to the indirect effect through the exchange rate mediating variable (Y1).
Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Although the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports performance have been extensively investigated, there is currently no consensus regarding its ergogenic benefits.This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to summarize the studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on different aspects of performance in combat sports and to quantitatively analyze the results of these studies to better understand the ergogenic effect of caffeine on combat sports outcomes. A systematic search for randomized placebo-controlled studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports’ performance was performed through Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 18 April 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (Hedge’s g) were performed to analyze the data. Twenty-six studies of good and excellent methodological quality (based on the Pedro scale) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results revealed caffeine has a small but evident effect size (ES) on handgrip strength (ES = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.52; p = 0.02), and total number of throws during the special judo fitness test (SJFT) (ES = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.78; p = 0.02). Regarding the physiological responses, caffeine increased blood lactate concentration ([La]) in anaerobic exercise (ES = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.29 to 2.18; p = 0.01) and simulated combat (ES = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.47; p = 0.002). For Heart Rate (HR), caffeine increased HR final (ES = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.52; p = 0.003), and HR 1min (ES = 0.20; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.40; p = 0.045). However, caffeine had no impact on the countermovement jump height, the SJFT index, the judogi strength-endurance test, the number and duration of offensive actions, HR at the end of the fight, and the rating of perceived exertion. Caffeine supplementation may be ergogenic for a range of combat sports aspects involving isometric strength, anaerobic power, reaction time, and anaerobic metabolism. However, supplementation effects might be ineffective under certain circumstances, indicating supplementation needs to take into account the performance metric in question prior to creating a dosing protocol.
Optimization of Laser Metal Deposition Process for 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

This work aims to optimize the process parameters for laser based DED manufacturing of a water jet impeller with critical requirements to material and mechanical properties. The concerned material is 2205 duplex stainless steel with balanced ferrite-austenite microstructure. The optimization approach of the processing parameters relies on the assessment of their effect on microstructure and mechanical properties versus the requirements set by the maritime industry. The work aims to achieve an as-built microstructure with the required ferrite-austenite balance and mechanical properties, without the need for post-processing heat treatment. The work particularly focuses on the influence of the deposition speed of the DED process. The results show that duplex stainless steel with a 50-50 ferrite-austenite balance can be achieved directly from the DED process. A high deposition speed produced fine-grained microstructure resulting in a high tensile strength and toughness, well above the set requirements. However, it reduced the ductility, represented by tensile elongation due to the formation of welding defects. Reducing the deposition speed by 20% eliminated the welding defects but resulted in the formation of a distinct microstructure with coarse grains, elongated in the deposited layer. This microstructure improved the tensile elongation, but strongly reduced the toughness, represented by Charpy V impact energy values. The coarse grains in the deposited layer facilitated a fast fracture propagation initiated by the placement of the Charpy V notch. However, the presented results demonstrate the great potential for manufacturing duplex stainless steels by DED, where a suitable microstructure for optimal mechanical performance can be obtained by narrowing the optimization windows on the process parameters.
Population Dynamics of Wild Mongolian Gerbils: Quadratic Temperature Effects on Survival and Density-Dependent Effects on Recruitment

It has been hypothesized that animal populations respond nonlinearly to the environment, and such responses are important to understand the effects of climate change population dynamics of small mammals in arid environments at northern latitudes. The aim of this study was to test the following hypotheses: (1) that small rodent populations increase as their semiarid habitat conditions improve from low to intermediate levels of temperature or precipitation, and decline beyond the optimum climate because of decreased survival, and (2) that increased population density would result in stronger negative effects on recruitment than on survival. A wild population of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), a granivorous rodent distributed in Inner Mongolia, China, was live-trapped half-monthly between April and October from 2014 to 2017 and the effects of climate and density on their apparent survival probabilities and recruitment rates were estimated using mark-recapture methods. Increased temperatures initially had a positive effect on population growth rates, and then had negative effects on population growth rates primarily, which was mediated by quadratic effects on survival probabilities, further supporting the optimum habitat hypothesis. Moreover, the increases in temperature had a positive effect on the recruitment of gerbils, whereas population density had a more markedly negative effect on recruitment than on survival. The results of this study suggested that the density-dependent feedback to recruitment may be a primary regulatory mechanism of small mammal populations, and the complex responses of populations to temperature, which is a limiting ecological factor, may raise concerns for the fate of populations of small mammals at northern latitudes, in view of the predicted global climate change scenarios.
Diagnostic Methods for an Aircraft Engine Performance

The main gas path components, namely compressor and turbine, are inherently reliable but the operation of the aero engines under hostile environments, results into engine breakdowns and performance deterioration. Performance deterioration increases the operating cost, due to the reduction in thrust output and higher fuel consumption, and also increases the engine maintenance cost. In times when economic considerations dominate airline operators’ strategies, carrying out unnecessary rectification, can be very costly and time consuming. In an attempt to minimize such unexpected circumstances, having detailed knowledge prior to any inspection will allow the gas turbine user to take some of the maintenance action when it is necessary. Advanced engine-fault diagnostics tools offer the possibility of identifying degradation at the module level, determining the trends of these degradations during the usage of the engine, and planning the maintenance action ahead.
A Joint LINET and ISS-LIS View of Lightning Distribution over the Mt. Cimone Area within the GAMMA-FLASH Program

Typical features of lightning distribution in the mountain area of Mt. Cimone (2165 m a.s.l., Northern-Central Italy) have been studied through detections provided by the ground-based LIghtning NETwork data (LINET) and the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS-LIS). This study was performed within the context of the Gamma-Flash program, which includes the in situ observation of high-energy radiation (e.g., Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs), gamma-ray glows) and neutron emissions from thunderstorms at the mountain-top “O. Vittori” climate observatory. LINET VLF/LF radio measurements allowed the characterization of both cloud-to-ground (CG) and intra-cloud (IC) strokes’ geographical distribution and an altitude of occurrence from 2012 through 2020. The lightning distribution showed a remarkable clustering of CGs at the mountain top in contrast to a homogeneous distribution of ICs, highlighting the likely impact of orography. IC strokes peaked around 4 to 6 km altitude, in agreement with the observed typical cloud range. The joint exploitation of ISS-LIS optical observations of LINET detections extended the study to further features of flashes not seen in radio wavelengths and stands as the cross-validation of the two detection methods over such a complex orography. These results gave the quantitative indication of the expected occurrence of lightning and ionizing radiation emissions in the Mt. Cimone area and an example of mountain-driven changes in lightning occurrence.
Low Cost Omnidirectional Sound Source Utilizing a Common Directional Loudspeaker for Impulse Response Measurements

Alternative low-cost sources (e.g., balloons, gun fires) are used for impulse response measurements when a dodecahedron speaker is not available. This study sets to explore the applicability of a method utilizing a common directional loudspeaker as a sound source. For this purpose measurements were performed in three spaces with three different common directional loudspeakers. Different placements of the loudspeakers were performed (twelve positions similar to the twelve positions of the faces of a dodecahedron speaker, different rotations of the loudspeakers for a total sum of twenty six and fourteen positions). The impulse responses obtained were added up creating a single impulse response for each case. Comparisons of the acoustic parameters measured with the proposed method and with a dodecahedron speaker are presented and suggest the expected mean absolute error and standard deviation for similar measurements. Reverberation time measurements show a mean absolute error of less than 0.08 s, as compared with measurements with a dodecahedron speaker. The proposed method can be the primary method for measuring impulse responses when a dodecahedron speaker is not available. Suggested improvements may lead to better omnidirectionality as compared with a dodecahedron loudspeaker, and set the method applicable to be utilized for auralization purposes.
Analyzing the Financial Performance of Indian Public Sector Banks before and after Megamerger by Using CAMEL Model

The main motive of this research was to assess the financial performance of public sector banks before and after the Megamerger announced by the Government of India consolidating 10 public sector banks into 4. The impact of the merger on the bank’s performance was measured and compared to judge its effectiveness. One of the most crucial practices of evaluating the performance of a bank involves critical examination of account statements and assessment of CAMEL model ratios i.e., Capital Adequacy, Asset quality, Management efficiency, Earnings, and Liquidity to meet monetary obligations of the bank. The four acquirer banks including Punjab National Bank, Canara Bank, Union Bank of India, and Indian Bank was purposively selected to study the impact of mergers on their financial performance. The study was performed by collecting data for two years before and two years after the merger. The data for the research was collected from the annual financial statements of the selected banks for a period of four years 2018-19 to 2021-22. The paired t-test is used as inferential statistics to draw a conclusion based on a comparative analysis. Based on the results of the analysis it could be concluded that there observed a significant difference in the financial performance of Indian banks after the merger, whereas for the other banks there was no significant difference in the performance.
The Questionnaire on Teacher Support Adaptivity (QTSA): Reliability and Validity of Student Perceptions

Abstract Adaptive teacher support (i.e., support that is tailored to students’ understanding) is considered crucial for students’ learning. Previous research examined support adaptivity mostly in small-scale, observational studies without distinguishing between theory-based facets of support adaptivity. Yet, students’ perceptions of different aspects of teachers’ support adaptivity may be important for students’ academic functioning. We investigated to what extent students perceive theory-based support adaptivity facets. We developed the Questionnaire on Teacher Support Adaptivity (QTSA) measuring students’ perceptions of teacher support adaptivity and examined its reliability and validity in two samples of secondary school students (N study1 = 1682; N study2 = 1048). Overall, the QTSA provided reliable and valid scores of students’ perceptions of teacher support adaptivity at the student and teacher level. One facet (non-adaptive support with much regulation upon high student understanding) should be used with some caution and needs further research. The QTSA scores converged with but also added to other constructs tapping into teachers’ support adaptivity. Students’ support adaptivity perceptions were distinguishable from students’ perceptions of other teaching indicators (agency and autonomy support). The QTSA can provide both individual and class level feedback for practitioners and help researchers to gain more insight into possible differential effectiveness of different adaptivity facets.
The perceived usability of the learning management system during the COVID-19 pandemic: Integrating system usability scale, technology acceptance model, and task-technology fit.

BACKGROUND The education system has shifted from traditional to online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the Learning Management System (LMS) is one of the most important and comprehensive learning platforms that support and facilitate online learning during this pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study explored the perceived system usability of LMS during the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Task-technology Fit (TTF), and System Usability Scale (SUS). METHODS An online survey was utilized to collect data from 502 Filipino students from different academic institutions and different areas of study. RESULTS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that students' perceived ease of use of LMS had a significant effect on perceived usefulness which subsequently and positively led to students' perceived satisfaction of LMS. In addition, LMS technology characteristics was found to have a significant effect on LMS task-technology fit which subsequently led to perceived usefulness and perceived satisfaction. Interestingly, perceived satisfaction was found to have a significant effect on students' perceived system usability of LMS which was calculated using a system usability scale (SUS). CONCLUSION The findings have implications within the education system globally, particularly in recognizing the relevance of LMS moving forward. Furthermore, since this is the first study that integrated SUS, TAM, and TFF, the conceptual framework can be utilized to evaluate the perceived usability of LMS worldwide.
CGI versus JavaScript : a Web Experiment on the Reversed Hindsight Bias

Internet Science is a new and exciting interdisciplinary field. Its purpose is the conduct of empirical studies which examine the Internet as both an instrument for, and an object of, scientific investigation. This book is the first comprehensive collection of contributions to Internet Science appearing in English, written by highly respected experts from seven different countries. All contributions were subject to a double peer review process. Dimensions of Internet Science consists of twenty contributions, covering the following topics: Issues in Net-based Survey Research, Psychological Web Experiments and Web Questionnaire Studies, Online Communication Research and E-Commerce, Knowledge Acquisition and Learning with the Net, Studying Perception on the Net. The authors: Klaus Beck & Alexander Raulfs; Michael H. Birnbaum; Michael Bosnjak; Tom Buchanan; Don A. Dillman & Dennis K. Bowker; Andrea Frick, A. , Marie-Therese Bächtiger & UlfDietrich Reips; Frank Knapp & Martin Heidingsfelder; John H. Krantz; Bettina Laugwitz; Jochen Musch, Arndt Bröder & Karl Christoph Klauer; Anja Naumann, Jacqueline Waniek & Josef F. Krems; Manuela Paechter, Karin Schweizer & Bernd Weidenmann; Ulf-Dietrich Reips; Patrick Rössler, Nicole Klövekorn & Tania Rebuzzi; Alexa I. Ruppertsberg, Galia Givaty, Henricus A. H. C. Van Veen & Heinrich H. Bülthoff; Inga D. Schmidt, Birgit Stark & Thomas Döbler; Stefan Schwarz & Ulf-Dietrich Reips; Sonja Utz & Kai Sassenberg; Martin Voracek, Stefan Stieger & Alexander Gindl; Martin Welker.
THE EFFECTS OF SALES GROWTH AND TOTAL ASSETS TURN OVER ON COMPANY VALUE WITH PROFITABILITY AND DEBT POLICY AS MEDIATION VARIABLES (CASE STUDY ON TRANSPORTATION COMPANY LISTED ON THE IDX FOR 2015-2018 PERIOD)

This study aims to test and seek empirical evidence of the factors that influence company value. The factors tested in this study include Sales Growth and Total Asset Turn Over. Researcher adds Profitability and Debt Policy as mediating variables in this study. The population of this research is transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015-2018 period. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling criteria so that 25 transportation companies were selected that were listed consecutively on the Indonesia Stock Exchange starting from the 2015-2018 period. To examine the factors that contribute to company value, this study uses path analysis and uses SPSS Statistics version 23 as an analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that Sales Growth and Total Asset Turn Over have a significant effect on Profitability, Sales Growth and Total Asset Turn Over have a significant effect on Debt Policy, Total Asset Turn Over and Debt Policies have a significant effect on Company Value. Meanwhile, Sales Growth and Profitability have no significant effect on Company Value. Debt policy as a mediating variable is able to mediate the effect of the dependent variable on the independent variable in this study. Meanwhile, Profitability as a mediating variable is not able to mediate the effect of the dependent variable on the independent variable in this study.
FEA Approach for Wear and Damage Prediction of Tools for the Progressive Die Stamping of Steel Washers

In progressive die stamping processes, maintenance activities caused by tool damage, and wear represent economic losses for companies. An effective predictive maintenance strategy can only be implemented if maintenance data coming from the operations are correlated to specific process-related information. As a part of a more general data-based predictive maintenance strategy, the main causes of tool damage and wear in a progressive die stamping factory that produces automotive metal washers have been identified by means of FEA simulations. In this study, the progressive die stamping of a dented conical washer is simulated with Transvalor FORGE FEA software by implementing the process parameters used in a real case. In this study, two indicators called FEAwear and FEAdamage are proposed for prediction of die wear and damage for tools with high risk of failure. For validating the accuracy of the FEA simulations, dimension and geometry comparisons are performed between FEA and real washer, and then real and FEA maximum press force comparison is performed. In the end, FEA simulations demonstrated their accuracy in predicting the stamping force of the press and the final part quality, and proposed FEA damage and wear indicators accurately predicted the most critical tools and stations, as confirmed by the real maintenance data. Finally, the simulations also correctly detected potential damage zones of the tools.
SARS-CoV-2 Specific Immune Response and Inflammatory Profile in Advanced HIV-Infected Persons during a COVID-19 Outbreak

The main aim of this study was to describe the clinical and immunological outcomes, as well as the inflammatory profile, of patients with advanced HIV in an assisted-living facility in which an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred. SARS-CoV-2 humoral and specific T-cell response were analyzed in patients with HIV infection and COVID-19; as a secondary objective of the analysis, levels of the inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα) were tested in the HIV/COVID-19 group, in HIV-positive patients without COVID-19, and in HIV-negative patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Antibody kinetics and ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated by ELISA assay, as well as the inflammatory cytokines; SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was quantified by ELISpot assay. Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for comparisons. Thirty patients were included with the following demographics: age, 57 years old (IQR, 53–62); 76% male; median HIV duration of infection, 18 years (15–29); nadir of CD4, 57/mmc (23–100) current CD4 count, 348/mmc (186–565). Furthermore, 83% had at least one comorbidity. The severity of COVID-19 was mild/moderate, and the overall mortality rate was 10% (3/30). Additionally, 90% of patients showed positive antibody titers and neutralizing activity, with a 100% positive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response over time, suggesting the ability to induce an effective specific immunity. Significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in COVID-19 without HIV vs. HIV/COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05) were observed. HIV infection did not seem to negatively impact COVID-19-related inflammatory state and immunity. Further data are mandatory to evaluate the persistence of these immunity and its ability to expand after exposure and/or vaccination.