Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study on the sterility, safety, potency and purity of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (Angara disease) vaccines

The present study was conducted in order to determine the quality of commercially available Angara disease vaccines. For the experiment, 200 broiler chicks of one day old were reared at National Veterinary Laboratories, Islamabad in isolation units. Chicks were divided into three groups that is, 1, 2, 3 and having 25, 25 and 150 chicks, respectively. Group 1 was used to determine LD50 of the virus in chicks, whereas the chicks of group 2 and 3 were used to assess the safety and potency of the vaccines. The LD50 (lethal dose50) of the virus was determined in 26 days old broiler chickens divided into sub-groups a, b, c, d and e. The LD50 titre of the (10%) viral suspension was prepared from liver extract and determined as 10-2.4 per ml. During investigation before use, the sterility of the vaccines was carried out by culturing on microbiological media. All four vaccines were found free from any contamination. The safety standard of the vaccines was also tested by inoculating in 25 chicks of sub-groups F, G, H, I and J, each contained 5 chicks. The chicks were kept under observation for five days post-vaccination. All four vaccines used in chicks were found safe. During study, the potency of the vaccines was determined by vaccinating 150 chicks of sub-group K, L, M, N and O with dose of 0.2 ml. The vaccinated and non-vaccinated chicks of sub-groups were challenged with viral dose of 2 ml at day 17 post-vaccination to know the protection potency of the vaccines. No any chick showed clinical manifestation of disease up to five days post challenge. On post-mortem examination, lesions of hydropericardium syndrome such as straw colour like fluid was observed around the heart. Other lesions recorded were hydronephrosis and hepatitis. Sera of different groups were checked for demonstration of antibody titration. A higher antibody titre was observed at day 21 as compared to 7 and 14 days post vaccination. Purity of vaccines was also determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Multiple proteins bands were seen however, a band at the position of 18.6 Kda was observed in all four vaccines and positive control as well, which was detected as viral protein. All four vaccines showed similar viral protein profile by SDS-PAGE. Key words: Quality, antibody, potency, Angara disease, titre.
LiDAR/RISS/GNSS Dynamic Integration for Land Vehicle Robust Positioning in Challenging GNSS Environments

The autonomous vehicles (AV) industry has a growing demand for reliable, continuous, and accurate positioning information to ensure safe traffic and for other various applications. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers have been widely used for this purpose. However, GNSS positioning accuracy deteriorates drastically in challenging environments such as urban environments and downtown cores. Therefore, inertial sensors are widely deployed inside the land vehicle for various purposes, including the integration with GNSS receivers to provide positioning information that can bridge potential GNSS failures. However, in dense urban areas and downtown cores where GNSS receivers may incur prolonged outages, the integrated positioning solution may become prone to severe drift resulting in substantial position errors. Therefore, it is becoming necessary to include other sensors and systems that can be available in future land vehicles to be integrated with both the GNSS receivers and inertial sensors to enhance the positioning performance in such challenging environments. This work aims to design and examine the performance of a multi-sensor system that fuses the GNSS receiver data with not only the three-dimensional reduced inertial sensor system (3D-RISS), but also with the three-dimensional point cloud of onboard light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system. In this paper, a comprehensive LiDAR processing and odometry method is developed to provide a continuous and reliable positioning solution. In addition, a multi-sensor Extended Kalman filtering (EKF)-based fusion is developed to integrate the LiDAR positioning information with both GNSS and 3D-RISS and utilize the LiDAR updates to limit the drift in the positioning solution, even in challenging or ultimately denied GNSS environment. The performance of the proposed positioning solution is examined using several road test trajectories in both Kingston and Toronto downtown areas involving different vehicle dynamics and driving scenarios. The proposed solution provided a performance improvement over the standalone inertial solution by 64%. Over a GNSS outage of 10 min and 2 km distance traveled, our solution achieved position errors less than 2% of the distance travelled.
Endoscopy for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the differentiation between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can be challenging. Colonoscopy with ileoscopy is the useful diagnostic test for patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, enteroscopy, and capsule endoscopy all have comple mentary roles to ileocolonoscopy. Endoscopy not only allows for the visualization of inflammation due to IBD but also for histological analysis, both of which can aid the in proper diagnosis and to exclude other causes of enteritis and colitis. This chapter will describe the use of endoscopy for the diagnosis of IBD.
Systemic evaluation of the relationship between psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoporosis: observational and Mendelian randomisation study

Objectives and methods With 432 513 samples from UK Biobank dataset, multivariable linear/logistic regression were used to estimate the relationship between psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD)/osteoporosis, controlling for potential confounders. Here, confounders were set in three ways: model0 (including age, height, weight, smoking and drinking), model1 (model0 +regular physical activity) and model2 (model1 +medication treatments). The eBMD was derived from heel ultrasound measurement. And 4904 patients with psoriasis and 847 patients with PsA were included in final analysis. Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach was used to evaluate the causal effect between them. Results Lower eBMD were observed in patients with PsA than in controls in both model0 (β-coefficient=−0.014, p=0.0006) and model1 (β-coefficient=−0.013, p=0.002); however, the association disappeared when conditioning on treatment with methotrexate or ciclosporin (model2) (β-coefficient=−0.005, p=0.28), mediation analysis showed that 63% of the intermediary effect on eBMD was mediated by medication treatment (p<2E-16). Patients with psoriasis without arthritis showed no difference of eBMD compared with controls. Similarly, the significance of higher risk of osteopenia in patients with PsA (OR=1.27, p=0.002 in model0) could be eliminated by conditioning on medication treatment (p=0.244 in model2). Psoriasis without arthritis was not related to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The weighted Genetic Risk Score analysis found that genetically determined psoriasis/PsA were not associated with eBMD (p=0.24 and p=0.88). Finally, MR analysis showed that psoriasis/PsA had no causal effect on eBMD, osteoporosis and fracture. Conclusions The effect of PsA on osteoporosis was secondary (eg, medication) but not causal. Under this hypothesis, psoriasis without arthritis was not a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Unnatural Contexts Cause Honey Bee Guards to Adopt Non-Guarding Behaviours Towards Allospecifics and Conspecifics

Context plays an important role in a discriminator's ability to make appropriate recognition decisions, such as accepting what is acceptable and rejecting what is not acceptable. Previously it was shown that in both honey bees and stingless bees, discriminating workers (guards) make more errors towards conspecific non-nestmates when the guards are removed from the natural hive entrance. However, it may be that guards, in addition to making incorrect recognition decisions, also may adopt non-guarding behaviours. Here, we tested honey bee guards in two contexts (natural versus unnatural) against five types of introduced arthropods (conspecific nestmates and non-nestmates; allospecific wasps, beetles and woodlice), which should be rejected without error. We scored a guard's response as accept, reject, avoid and ignore. Total errors significantly increased from natural to unnatural contexts. Specifically, guards were significantly more likely to make an acceptance error, guarding and accepting both conspecific and allospecific non-nestmates, in the unnatural context. Importantly, guards were significantly more likely to adopt a non-guarding behaviour in the unnatural context, which usually involved ignoring or avoiding, where a guard makes contact but then immediately retreats, the introduced arthropod. Overall, these data demonstrate the context is important. Removing a guard from the home that it protects elicits either incorrect discrimination or, additionally, a complete lack of discriminator behaviour altogether.
Efficacy of spinosad bait sprays to control mediterranean and Caribbean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in commercial citrus in Florida

A serious infestation of Mediterranean fruit fly in Florida in 1997 and 1998 led to the widespread aerial and foliar application of malathion-bait sprays. Public concerns over property damage, environmental impact and public health led to the immediate need and acceptability of alternative pesticide/bait combinations. Preliminary work with spinosad, a derivative of a soil microorganism developed by Dow AgroSciences, in combination with a new bait (SolBait) showed promise. To ensure that this product would be effective in Florida for fruit fly control, three field tests were conducted using aerial and/or foliar applications. Results indicated that sprays with spinosad-SolBait provided comparable and significant control levels for sterile Mediterranean and Caribbean fruit flies in comparison to standard malathion with NU-LURE® or SolBait treatments by aerial or foliar application. In one test, honey bees and hives were exposed to sprays in the treatment area and no significant treatment differences were observed in hive condition or brood. Insufficient data on effects of treatments on naturally occurring and introduced beneficial insects were collected for statistical analysis but it appears no harmful effects were observed.
Monitoring Vineyard Canopy Management Operations Using UAV-Acquired Photogrammetric Point Clouds

Canopy management operations, such as shoot thinning, leaf removal, and shoot trimming, are among the most relevant agricultural practices in viticulture. However, the supervision of these tasks demands a visual inspection of the whole vineyard, which is time-consuming and laborious. The application of photogrammetric techniques to images acquired with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has proved to be an efficient way to measure woody crops canopy. Consequently, the objective of this work was to determine whether the use of UAV photogrammetry allows the detection of canopy management operations. A UAV equipped with an RGB digital camera was used to acquire images with high overlap over different canopy management experiments in four vineyards with the aim of characterizing vine dimensions before and after shoot thinning, leaf removal, and shoot trimming operations. The images were processed to generate photogrammetric point clouds of every vine that were analyzed using a fully automated object-based image analysis algorithm. Two approaches were tested in the analysis of the UAV derived data: (1) to determine whether the comparison of the vine dimensions before and after the treatments allowed the detection of the canopy management operations; and (2) to study the vine dimensions after the operations and assess the possibility of detecting these operations using only the data from the flight after them. The first approach successfully detected the canopy management. Regarding the second approach, significant differences in the vine dimensions after the treatments were detected in all the experiments, and the vines under the shoot trimming treatment could be easily and accurately detected based on a fixed threshold.
Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secondary attack rate

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spread by direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people via infected respiratory droplets or saliva. Crowded indoor environments with sustained close contact and conversations are a particularly high-risk setting. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis through July 29, 2020 of SARS-CoV-2 household secondary attack rate (SAR), disaggregating by several covariates (contact type, symptom status, adult/child contacts, contact sex, relationship to index case, index case sex, number of contacts in household, coronavirus). Findings: We identified 40 relevant published studies that report household secondary transmission. The estimated overall household SAR was 18.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4%-22.2%), which is higher than previously observed SARs for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We observed that household SARs were significantly higher from symptomatic index cases than asymptomatic index cases, to adult contacts than children contacts, to spouses than other family contacts, and in households with one contact than households with three or more contacts. Interpretation: To prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, people are being asked to stay at home worldwide. With suspected or confirmed infections referred to isolate at home, household transmission will continue to be a significant source of transmission.
Preliminary Checklist of Phytoplankton and Periphyton in River Okhuo, Nigeria

This study presents the phytoplankton and periphyton diversity of River Okhuo, Edo State, Nigeria from July-December, 2002. Phytoplankton samples were collected using a 55 µm mesh net while periphyton were collected by scrapping wood, stones, leaves and branches and both were preserved separately in 4% formalin. Camera Lucida drawings were taken and a total of 106 species, with more periphyton than phytoplankton were identified using monographs and research publications. The phytoplankton assemblages comprised of Bacillariophyta (43.94%) > Chlorophyta (42.42%) > Cyanophyta (6.06%) ≥ Euglenophyta (6.06%) > Rhodophyta (1.49%) while for the periphyton, distribution of species were: Chlorophyta (57.83 %) > Bacillariophyta (25.30%) > Cyanobacteria (10.84%) > Euglenophyta (4.82%) > Rhodophyta (1.21%). Chlorophyta was dominated by desmids, which were largely represented by species of Cosmarium and Closterium. The Bacillariophyta was represented by two (2) orders: Centrales and Pennales. Cyanobacteria was grouped into five families: Chroococcaceae, Nostocaceae, Rivulariaceae, Scytonemaceae and Oscillatoriaceae. Euglena (5) and Phacus (2) of Euglenophyta were recorded while Batrachospermum vagum was the only representative of the Rhodophyta.
Mapping the Scope of Software Interventions for Moderate Internet Use on Mobile Devices

ICT is expected to form 21% of global electricity demand in 2030, and history has shown that efficiency gains in Internet infrastructure aiming to curtail such impacts are far outstripped by the growth in data traffic. We need to reduce demand for Internet connectivity, yet encouraging moderate interactions with digital devices and online services could potentially benefit users. HCI designs have been suggested for moderate interactions and Internet usage, most commonly on smartphones---but it's currently unclear whether these interventions can actually be implemented and tested to understand the user and environmental impacts. In this paper, we review features for understanding and manipulating data traffic in accordance with the stock Android and iOS development libraries to better scope the potential for implementing moderate and sustainable digital experiences. Specifically, we outline the intervention features plausible for Android implementation, and we provide reasoning for why iOS is currently too restrictive. We hope our analysis will break down barriers for researchers interested in this work, or make it easier for them to consider sustainability in their own device or service interventions. We also discuss opportunities for better data traffic consideration in mobile operating systems by 2030.
Efficacy of Glyphosate Plus Bentazon or Quizalofop on Glyphosate-Resistant Canola or Corn

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of glyphosate on efficacy of bentazon for glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola control and of quizalofop for GR corn control. Control also was evaluated for glyphosate plus bentazon on wild buckwheat and wheat and glyphosate plus quizalofop on velvetleaf. Glyphosate plus bentazon synergistically controlled GR canola and wild buckwheat but were antagonistic for wheat control. Glyphosate plus quizalofop were additive for control of GR corn and velvetleaf. Inert ingredients in glyphosate formulations, i.e., cationic surfactant, NH4, or K, contributed to glyphosate synergism of bentazon, but the major contribution came from glyphosate itself. Efficacy of glyphosate plus bentazon on GR canola was enhanced by ammonium nitrate (AMN), ammonium sulfate (AMS), nonionic surfactant (NIS), or silicone surfactant (SiS) but was slightly decreased by methylated seed oil (MSO) or petroleum oil concentrate. AMN, AMS, NIS, and SiS partially overcame the antagonism of bentazon to glyphosate for wheat control. NIS enhanced phytotoxicity of glyphosate plus quizalofop to GR corn and velvetleaf, but the enhancement was less than by SiS or MSO to GR corn and SiS or AMS to velvetleaf. Nomenclature: Bentazon, glyphosate, quizalofop, velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti (L.) Medic. ABUTH, wild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus L. POLCO, canola, Brassica napus L, corn, Zea mays L, wheat, Triticum aestivum L
Innovative IT Use and Innovating with IT: A Study of the Motivational Antecedents of Two Different Types of Innovative Behaviors

The paper distinguishes two different types of innovative behaviors involving information technology (IT): innovative IT use (IU) and innovating with IT (IwIT). While the former focuses on changing the technology and the work process to better support one’s existing work goals, the latter focuses on using IT to develop new work-related goals and outcomes. Drawing on Parker’s theory of proactive behavior, this paper compares the motivational antecedents and consequences of these two innovative behaviors enabled by IT. Our model hypothesizes that three generic types of motivation differentially affect IwIT versus IU. The paper also explores the moderating role of slack resources on the effect of motivation on the two innovative behaviors. Data from a survey of 427 IT users from North American companies show that social motivation affects IwIT (but not IU); intrinsic motivation is positively related to IU (but not IwIT); and internalized extrinsic motivation affects both IU and IwIT. Further, the results indicate that the moderating role of slack resources on different motivational paths is not a one-size-fits-all effect, that is, slack in IS resources only moderates the relationship between intrinsic motivation and IwIT. We also differentiated the consequences of IwIT from IU. The post hoc analysis shows that IwIT is significantly related to individual mindfulness at work, but IU is not. The paper contributes to IS research by offering a rich conceptualization of IwIT and examining its motivational antecedents and consequences in comparison to IU.
Reproductive biology in Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. (Leguminosae) in the central region of Argentina

Abstract Studies on Acacia caven (Mol.) Mol. in central Argentina indicate that the species is polygamous (andromonoecious), some plants having a high proportion of staminate heads. Though pollen/ovule ratios of flowers, inflorescences and plants are at a level common for ‘facultative xenogamic’ systems, controlled pollination shows a marked xenogamy. The ratio between pollen grains in the polyad and the maximum number of seeds per pod is close to one. Observations support the idea of the inflorescence as a specialized reproductive unit with gynoecia functioning as fixed modules in which all or none of its ovules develop into seeds. Mass flowering prior to the growing season, the absence of other floral resources in the community, the high degree of fruiting limitations and scarce insect visitation suggest that, as in other Acacia, the reproductive system of Acacia caven involves a great sacrifice of floral resources.
Analysing Faecal Samples of Ragworm Predators: Not Just a Matter of Counting Mandibles

Ragworms Hediste diversicolor are an important prey item in the diet of many estuary birds. The standard method for estimating the number of Ragworms in faeces or pellets is simply dividing the counted number of Ragworm mandibles by two, which can easily lead to an underestimation of the real number of Ragworms present. Here, I present two alternative methods, which avoids bias in estimates of the number of Ragworms in samples. I compared the three methods by applying them to faecal samples of Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola and Redshank Tringa totanus from the Tagus estuary, Portugal. The alternative methods yielded significantly higher estimates of the number of Ragworms present in each sample, a difference that can have repercussions on the outcome of dietary studies of Ragworm predators. The pros and cons of each method are discussed with regard to the use of faeces and pellets for ecological research, and the situation in which each method could be applied is discussed.
SISTEM MONITORING NILAI SISWA BERBASIS ANDROID

Perangkat bergerak pada saat ini sudah merajai dunia teknologi dalam berbagai bidang, dalam penggunaannya perangkat bergerak atau mobile phone memiliki bermacam-macam operasi sistem yaitu, Andorid, IOS, Symbian dan beberapa operasi sistem lainnya, dengan memanfaatkan mobile phone sebagai wadah untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan di bidang teknologi sangat membantu para pengembang ilmu pengetahuan untuk mengembangkan berbagai pemikiran mereka. Dalam penelitian ini penulis melakukan sebuah inovasi di dunia pendidikan dengan memanfaatkan mobile phone dengan sistem operasi android. Metode yang di lakukan adalah melakukan anilsa kebutuhan dunia pendidikan pada saat ini, maka dari itu hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bagaiman sebuah mobile phone dengan sistem operasi android dapat mengolah data nilai siswa, memberikan informasi seputar kemajuan siswa di sekolah. Aplikasi pengolahan nilai berbasis android ini nantinya dapat menampilkan daftar nilai siswa, kegiatan siswa, serta kehadiran siswa di sekolah. Maka para orang tua cukup mengunduh aplikasi ini dan memasang di handphone mereka agar dapat memantau perkembangan anak mereka di sekolah.