Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language orientations in early childhood education policy in Finland and Norway

ABSTRACT This article investigates the language orientations in education policy documents for early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Finland and Norway. Finland, an officially bilingual country, and Norway, a predominantly monolingual country, share similar views on ECEC. However, the ECEC field in both countries has undergone major changes in recent years: more children are attending ECEC, and the increasing number of children with diverse backgrounds and minority languages. The document analysis includes seven policy documents related to ECEC in Finland and Norway. The analytical approach is based on Ruíz’ framework for language orientations, i.e. language as resource, language as right and language as problem. The analysis shows that the language orientation in ECEC policy is rather vague and open. On the one hand, multilingualism is seen as a resource. On the other hand, multilingualism is considered as challenging in terms of language diversity, facilitating multilingual and first language development. In both countries, there seems to be a a monolingual ideology underlying the policy. We discuss these findings in light of policy implementations and finally underline the importance of critical multilingual awareness in early childhood teacher education.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALLY INTERESTERIFIED VEGETABLE OILS

Interesterification is an alternative to partial hydrogenation that helps to manufacture products of a variety of melting properties. When the process is applied to different blends of vegetable oils, redistribution of fatty acids between and within triacyglycerol occurs that changes the physical properties especially the melting characteristics of the vegetable oil blends. For chemical interesterification process, unrefined vegetable oils (soybean oil and cottonseed oils) were obtained from the local industry (United Industries Faisalabad, Pakistan). Different blends of soybean and cottonseed oils were prepared ranging from 100% soybean oil to 100% cottonseed oil in 25% increments (w/w) with different ratios of (100% : 0%, 75% : 25%, 50% : 50%, 25% : 75%, 0% : 100%) respectively. The blended oil portions (500mL) were neutralized and dried. For chemical interesterification sodium methoxide was used as catalyst. At the end of reaction, the catalyst was inactivated and reaction was stopped by the addition of citric acid solution and at the end by the addition of warm water (70-80°C). Interesterified oils were bleached by heating them to 110°C and mixing with bleaching earth and then the hot interesterified oils were filtered and cooled. Physico-chemical properties (refractive index, specific gravity, colour, melting point, free fatty acids, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value and rancidity) and sensory evaluation (appearance, odor and overall acceptability) of the final product was conducted at 0, 15 and 30 days of interval. The results revealed that refractive index, specific gravity, color, melting point, free fatty acids value, peroxide value and saponification value increased while iodine value decreased with the passage of time. Further studies showed that storage had a highly significant effect on color, melting point, free fatty acids value, iodine value, peroxide value and saponification value. The effect of storage was non-significant for parameters like specific gravity and refractive index.
Novel in vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of pomegranate peel ethanol extract

Background and Aim: Interest in plants with antimicrobial properties has been revived due to emerging problems associated with using antibiotics to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the antibacterial effects of Punica granatum and the possible synergistic effect of its extract along with metronidazole against H. pylori. Materials and Methods: Pomegranate peel ethanol extracts (PPEE) was tested against a control strain of H. pylori (NCTC 11916) in vitro and in vivo in female Wistar rats. Moreover, the synergistic effect of PPEE in combination with metronidazole was tested in vitro. Results: The PPEE exhibited a remarkable activity against H. pylori with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.156 mg/mL. Furthermore, the extract exhibited a pronounced urease inhibitory activity (IC50 ~6 mg/mL) against the tested strain. A synergistic effect between PPEE and metronidazole was also observed (fractional inhibitory concentrations <0.5). Oral treatment of rats with PPEE for 8 days produced a significant reduction in H. pylori gastritis and a significant decrease in both lymphocytic and positive chronicity. Conclusion: Pomegranate extract is probably safe and represents a potential alternative and complementary therapy for reducing H. pylori associated with gastric ulcers.
Determinants and Stability of Dividend Payment: The Case of Malaysian Public-Listed Shariah-Compliant Firms

The purpose of this paper was to examine the determinants and stability of dividend payments in Malaysia from 2007 to 2016. The purposes of this research were (1) to analyse the stability of dividend per share, (2) to examine the determinants of dividend yield, and (3) to examine the effect of dividend per share on the sustainable growth rate of Shariah-compliant firms in Malaysia. Static model and dynamic model estimated using Generalised Method of Moment were used in this research. The results indicated that the stable earnings per share can afford the firms to pay a larger dividend. Futhermore, the higher dividend from the previous year with the lower speed adjustment indicated high smoothing and stability of dividend payment. The results on determinants of the dividend yield revealed the five factors that are lagged dividend yield, firm size, sales growth, leverage, and market value to book value have a significant impact on dividend yield, with lagged dividend yield and firm size showing a significant positive effect, while sales growth, leverage, and market value to book value have a significant negative impact. In addition, the results indicated that dividend per share had a significantly positive impact on the sustainable growth rate. The results of this study are important for the management team of companies to decide an appropriate dividend policy for the company to maintain a stable dividend payment and have the financial health of a company, These results also provided the understanding of dividend policy behaviour in Malaysia, particularly on Malaysian public-listed Shariah-compliant firms.
Entomopathogenic Fungi on The Fitness of Myzus

Aphids are major crop pests. They transmit more than half of all insect-vectored plant 28 viruses responsible of yield losses worldwide. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biological control 29 agents mainly used by foliar application to control sap-sucking pests such as aphids. Their ability 30 to colonize plant tissues and to interact with diverse plant pathogenic microorganisms are reported. 31 In our study, we evaluated the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin) 32 directly applied by contact or/and indirectly via endophytism in tobacco plants against the virus 33 vector Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying or not the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). We found that both 34 contact treatment and endophytic colonization of leaves significantly caused higher aphid mortality 35 and lower fecundity rate than controls. In addition, on fungal-colonized leaves, viruliferous aphids 36 were more negatively impacted than non-viruliferous ones and nymph mortality was significantly 37 higher than on non-colonized plants. Furthermore, we assessed PLRV transmission by M. persicae 38 on tobacco plants inoculated with either B. bassiana or M. acridum as source or/and recipient plants. 39 We found that, overall, M. persicae acquired and transmitted PLRV regardless of the treatment. 40 However, the infection rate of endophytically colonized plants was lower at the seven-day 41 incubation period and had increased to almost 100% after fifteen days. These results suggest that B. 42 bassiana is effective against aphids both by contact and via endophytism, and both B. bassiana and 43 M. acridum delayed PLRV infection in tobacco. 44 Insects 2020, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 22
Comparative study of heart rate variability in normotensive young adults with family history of hypertension

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular diseases. Autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension. The integrity of autonomic modulation of heart rate is evaluated by analysing heart rate variability (HRV), which refers to oscillations in the intervals between consecutive heartbeats or R-R intervals. The present study was designed to analyse the indices of heart rate variability in the offsprings of hypertensive parents and off springs of normotensive parents to understand if there is any autonomic imbalance between the two groups. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar. The test group consisted of 30 healthy normotensive subjects studying in 1st year of MBBS with hypertensive parents and the control group consisted of healthy normotensive of 1st year of MBBS with both parents normotensive. In time domain analysis the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals {SDNN(ms)} was taken as index of overall HRV. Frequency domain analysis was done with respect to low frequency (LF) analysis and high frequency (HF) analysis. Low and high frequency power were expressed in normalized units.Results: The SDNN was reduced in cases but was not statistically significant. RMSSD was also reduced in cases though not statistically significant. LFnu was found to be significantly higher in cases. The HFnu was significantly reduced in cases. LF/HF ratio was found to be higher in cases and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study reveals that incidence of prehypertension and the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction in relation to sympathovagal imbalance is more in the off springs of hypertensive parents than in the off springs of normotensive parents. Sympathovagal imbalance in the form of increased sympathetic drive and decreased parasympathetic drive can lead to prehypertension in these genetically predisposed individuals.
It Ain’t What You Do—It’s the Way That You Do It: Is Optimizing Challenge Key in the Development of Super-Elite Batsmen?

The present study compares the development experiences and the nature and microstructure of practice activities of super-elite and elite cricket batsmen, domains of expertise previously unexplored simultaneously within a truly elite sample. The study modeled the development of super-elite and elite cricket batsmen using non-linear machine learning (pattern recognition) techniques, examining a multitude of variables from across theoretically driven expertise domains. Results revealed a subset of 18 features, from 658 collected, discriminated between super-elite and elite batsmen with excellent classification accuracy (96%). The external validity of this new model is evidenced also by its ability to classify correctly the data obtained from six unseen batsmen with 100% accuracy. Our findings demonstrate that super-elite batsmen undertook a larger volume of skills-based practice that was both more random, and more varied in nature, at age 16. They subsequently adapted to, and transitioned across, the different levels of senior competition quicker. The findings suggest that optimizing challenge at a psychological and technical level is a catalyst for the development of (super-elite) expertise. Application of this holistically driven, non-linear methodological approach to talent pathways and other domains of expertise would likely prove productive.
Behavioural Finance at Home: Testing Deviations of House Prices from their Fundamental Values

I introduce a new test of whether house prices are always equal to their fundamental values, which are defined to account for the unique frictions in housing asset markets, based on the speed of their reaction to monetary shocks. This test is justified with two conceptual frameworks and existing empirical work on monetary transmission. The results of applying this test to US data using local projections reject the hypothesis, but are instead consistent with behavioural expectations in housing markets. I also use a sign decomposition based on the conceptual frameworks to identify that consumption demand is the most important driver of US house price cycles, although asset demand is also relatively important. Therefore housing cycles usually arise from partially behavioural reactions to changes in housing demand.
Pienemann’s Teachability Hypothesis and Processability Theory and their Implications for Error Correction in Classroom-based Second Language Learning

In second language acquisition it seems to have been generally agreed that learners follow a predictable path in language production and that there are predictable stages in the learning or acquisition of various structures (Long 1990; VanPatten and Williams 2007). Furthermore, an ‘interlanguage’ is created by the learners which is based on an active reconstruction of the target language, and that the acquisition of language structures is very similar among different learners and different languages. (Selinker 1972). This paper will investigate one theory of second language acquisition called Processability Theory(PT)which seeks to explain how language acquisition occurs in terms of psycholinguistic factors for the development of the interlanguage due to constraints caused by language processing (Pienemann 1998). Encapsulated within PT is the Teachability Hypothesis (TH) which states that language items can only be successfully acquired when learners are at the right stage of interlanguage development to acquire them (Pienemann 1984). In other words, “. the effect of teaching intervention is constrained by the learner’s current state of development”(Pienemann 2015, 137). Many studies suggest this to be true ─ that stages in interlanguage development cannot be skipped with formal target language instruction (See Appendix A for a brief overview of 6 teachability studies). For these reasons, PT and its more practical considerations for teaching suggested by the TH are very important to understanding language acquisition and the development of interlanguage, especially in a formal 〈論文〉
SRI LANKAN TEACHERS’ CONCERNS TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF CURRICULUM REFORMS IN THE COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM REFORMS

This study was carried out in the period of 2010-2015 when the new changes were implemented in the Sri Lankan school curriculum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate teachers’ concerns over the implementation of 5E model under the modernised the competency-based curriculum reforms for geography in Sri Lanka. The Concern based adoption Model (CBAM) was employed as theoretical and conceptual framework underlying the study. The respondents for quantitative approach on Stages of Concern (SoC) consisted of 311 geography teachers from secondary schools in Kalutara district, Sri Lanka. A total of nine (9) geography teachers who has shown their high concerns in the survey was selected for the qualitative methods on Levels of Use (LoU) and Innovation Configuration (IC). The study used adapted instruments such as Stages of Concern Questionnaire (SoCQ), basic interview protocol and innovation configuration map from the actual instruments of CBAM. The findings from analysis of SoCQ showed teachers remained at the initial SoC over the implementation of the 5E model. The results from the interviews revealed that geography teachers overall use of the innovation ranged from LoU II-preparation to LoU IVAroutine, whilst many remained at LoU IIpreparation. The classroom observations showed that many teachers did not reach acceptable level of teaching in using the 5E model. The study suggested several intervening strategies to take geography teachers to the higher SoC and LoU as well as motivate teachers to practice at the ideal level of teaching using the 5E model. The results of the study are significant at a time when there is a greater attention on introducing new curriculum reforms in the country. In an any curricular reforms, teachers should be given greater attention as they are the main agents of implementation. There should be a continuous evaluation on the teachers’ responses to the implementation of curriculum reforms using a good model like CBAM.
Peri-Operative Pain Management for Cleft Lip Repair in Children, Bilateral Infraorbital Nerve Block Versus Combined Intravenous Fentanyl with Peri-Incisional Infiltration. A Randomized Comparative Study

Background: The good control of postoperative pain has an important impact on the patient as regards his general condition, wound healing and hospital stay. Regional nerve blocks and systemic analgesics especially opioids offered this control but with superiority of the regional block due to avoidance of the side effects of opioids. The assessment of pain in pediatrics is difficult, as they usually do not have the ability to describe their pain. Pediatric patients undergoing cleft lip repair can benefit from nerve blocks related to the lip. Different types of analgesia were described, such as bilateral infraorbital nerve block (IONB), pharmacological analgesics and surgical site infiltration. Objective: To compare the effect of bilateral infraorbital nerve block with conventional methods (IV fentanyl and peri-incisional infiltration) as a proper perioperative pain management in children undergoing cleft lip (CL) repair operation. Patients and Method: Seventy-six children, scheduled for cleft lip repair, were enrolled in this study in Cairo University Pediatric Hospital (Abu El Reesh). The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group infraorbital nerve block IONB (n=38): received bilateral infraorbital nerve block. Group conventional (n= 38): received IV fentanyl with surgical site infiltration. Patients in both groups received general anesthesia and our interventions were performed after induction of anesthesia and before skin incision. Results: This study demonstrated that the use of bilateral IONB in children undergoing cleft lip repair was accompanied by superior levels of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia as compared to the use of IV fentanyl with surgical site infiltration in the same population. This difference was evidenced by significantly less need for postoperative rescue analgesia as well as lower pain scores up to 24 hours postoperative in the IONB group. Conclusion: This study results indicate that bilateral ION block is simple, safe and technically easy to perform with good postoperative analgesia.
Sociodemographic characteristics and stress: The case of housekeeping and front office employees

Stress at the workplace has an influence on job performance, employees' health, their job satisfaction and turnover intention. Due to frequent and intensive contact with customers, as well as characteristics of working in the hotel industry, stress can occur as a consequence. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in the perceived sources of stress among front office and housekeeping employees according to their sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education level and marital status). The research included 167 employees from the front office and housekeeping departments. The results show that sociodemographic characteristics of employees do not have an impact on their perceptions of sources of stress at the workplace. In addition, the impact of the working department on the perception is not significant. Due to the size of the sample, the generalization is not possible, but the results obtained in this study can be a guideline for the identification and reduction of the sources of stress in observed hotel departments.
A triple tree-ring constraint for tree growth and physiology in a
global land surface model

Abstract. Annually-resolved tree-ring records extending back to pre-industrial conditions have the potential to constrain the responses of global land surface models at interannual to centennial time scales. Here, we demonstrate a framework to constrain the representation of tree growth and physiology in the ORCHIDEE global land surface model using the simulated variability of tree-ring width and carbon (Δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes in six sites in boreal and temperate Europe. We exploit the tree-ring triplet to derive integrative constraints for leaf physiology and growth from well-known mechanistic relationships among the variables. The model simulates Δ13C (r = 0.31–0.80) and δ18O (r = 0.36–0.74) better than tree-ring width (r
Relationship between clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer with CA125, 199 and FIGO staging

Objective: To explore the expression of CA125 and CA199 in epithelial ovarian cancer and the influencing factors on clinical prognosis. Methods: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer in our hospital were enrolled in this study. All patients were either followed up for 5 years or died; CA125 and CA199 expressions were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay and divided into 4 intervals including: q1, q2, q3, q4. Differences in survival rate in each of the 4 intervals were compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Results: CA125 and CA199 were expressed differently with regard to FIGO staging, age, residual lesion, pathological type and histological differentiation (P<0.05). The 5-year survival rates of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were 48.4%, 32.3%, 21.0%, 11.5%, respectively, which were significantly different from the median survival time in q1, q2, q3 and q4 (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis found that FIGO staging, age, CA125, CA199, and postoperative residual lesions were independent risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (P<0.05). Compared with q1, the prognostic OR values for death in q2, q3 and q4 were 1.624 (1.445-1.825), 2.447 (1.785-3.355) and 4.121 (2.624-6.472), respectively. Conclusion: The CA125 and CA199 levels were significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features of epithelial ovarian cancer, and may be used as independent risk factors for the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer before surgery.
ANALYSIS OF THE BANK SPECIFIC FACTORS, MACROECONOMICS AND OIL PRICE ON DIVIDEND POLICY

The purpose this study to find variables that can influence dividend policy using the dividend payout ratio variable. The factor used is debt policy, credit risk, capital adequacy ratio, life cycle, capital structure, Inflation, growth domestic product, unemployment and oil price. The data of this study are 14 banks in Indonesia from 2009 - 2018. The test method of data is using panel data regression. The results of this study, there are 4 variables that affect dividend policy, namely credit risk, capital structure, inflation and oil prices. while other variables do not have a significant effect on credit risk. the results of variable oil prices are different from previous studies because the subject of this study is banking. Where the increase in oil prices can have a positive impact on dividend policy in the mining industry, but have a negative impact on the banking industry.