Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating human responses to ENSO driven climate change during the Holocene in northwest Australia through macrobotanical analyses

The Holocene is recognised as a period through which a number of climatic fluctuations and environmental stresses occur—associated with intensifying El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic conditions from c. 5000 years—contemporaneous with technological and social changes in Australian Aboriginal lifeways. In the Kimberley region of northwest Western Australia, human responses to ENSO driven climate change are most evident archaeologically in technological transformations observed in lithic records, with little research on changes in plant use during this time. Using nine archaeological sites across the Kimberley, this paper synthesises previously published macrobotanical data (Carpenter’s Gap 1, Moonggaroonggoo, Mount Behn, and Riwi), reports unpublished data (Brooking Gorge 1, Djuru, and Wandjina rockshelter), and presents results of sites reanalysed for this study (Widgingarri Shelters 1 and 2) to develop a picture of localised and regional patterns of plant use during the Holocene. We conclude that food plants associated with monsoon rainforest environments dominate both mid- and late Holocene macrobotanical records and, although monsoon rainforest likely retreated to some extent because of decreased precipitation during the late Holocene, no human responses associated with ENSO driven climate change occurred in relation to human uses of plants.
Mean length of utterance among Mandarin-speaking children with and without DLD

This study explored the differences in mean length of utterance (MLU) and mean length of the five longest utterances (MLU5) between 5–6-year-old Mandarin-speaking children, and between typically developing children and children with developmental language disorders (DLD). Eighty-nine typically developing children and 35 children with a DLD participated in this study. The researchers collected, transcribed, and analysed language samples from these children. MLU and MLU5 were analysed and compared between the groups. The results showed that MLU and MLU5 were significantly higher for 6-year-olds than 5-year-olds. Also, both MLU measures were significantly lower for children with DLD than for typically developing children. The findings demonstrate that MLU and MLU5 can be used to evaluate language ability and to identify children with DLD among Mandarin-speaking children aged 5 and 6 years.
[The development of components of the blood-brain barrier in the neocortex of the white rat].

: In formation and differentiation of the hematoencephalic barrier elements in white non-inbred rats of 14 age groups (55 animals) at the ultrastructural level certain regular phases of the process have been revealed. For example, morphological maturation of endotheliocytes and pericytes occurs on the 7th day of the postnatal life. Maximal decrease in permeability of the hematoencephalic barrier takes place on the 10th day, as a consequence of liquidation of the pericapillary space between the basal membrane and the glial tunic of the capillaries. Morphofunctional maturation of the hematoencephalic barrier (the 21st day) terminates in differentiation of the pericapillary astrocytic limbs, that surround up to 85% of the capillary perimeter.
Biologie de l'ethmalose (Ethmalosa fimbriata Bowdich) en Côte d'Ivoire : 1. Description de la reproduction et des premiers stades larvaires

Descriptions of spawning and larval development of Ethmalosa, up to the vitelline vesicle resorption stage, are made from plankton samplings in the Ebrie coastal lagoon and from artificially fertilized eggs. Spawning takes place from November to June in waters with salinities of 18 to 26 parts per thousand, and temperatures of 22.8 to 30.2 degrees, for 13-14 cm long fishes.
Examining the Relationship between Species Preference and Catfish Angler Demographics, Angling Behavior, and Management Opinions

In 2002, the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) conducted a statewide survey of licensed anglers in Missouri who fished for catfish during 2001 to gain information on angler demographics, species preferences, angling behavior, and angler opinions on catfish management. Catfish anglers were grouped by the species of catfish (flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, blue catfish I. furcatus, or bullhead catfish Ameiurus spp.) they preferred to fish for, and differences among preference groups related to demographics, angling behavior, and opinions on catfish management were examined. Results indicated that while catfish anglers in Missouri are a diverse group, and their preferences, opinions, and be - haviors differed depending on species preference of the anglers, Missouri catfish angler groups were more similar compared to catfish angler groups in other states. Most differences in Missouri catfish anglers were between anglers who preferred to fish for flathead and blue catfish compared to those an - glers who preferred to fish for channel and bullhead catfish. These differences were likely related to maximum size potential of flathead and blue catfish compared with channel and bullhead catfish. Identifying and recognizing these differences among catfish anglers will assist managers in understanding the diversity among catfish anglers and will assist them in making more informed management decisions that better serve this diverse angling group.
Horticultural and Economic Impact of Rootstocks on Fresh-market ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit

A rootstock trial with a 'Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) scion was established in the flatwoods of the Florida east coast Indian River region in 1990. The trees were planted in an Alfisol of the Pineda series. The trial consisted of trees on 16 rootstocks, primarily citranges (C. sinensis (L.) Osb. · Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. ), citrumelos (C. paradisi · P. trifoliata), mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and various hybrids, in three or six replicates of three-tree plots in a randomized complete block design. Tree growth and survival, yield, and juice quality were measured annually or periodically for 10 years. In three seasons, whole-tree crops were sized in the field. Using the fruit size distribution data, crop value or income/tree was estimated. Tree height after 10 years ranged from 1.7 to 4.1 m and survival was greater than 90% with a few exceptions. Mean cumulative yield was 1202 kg/tree and ranged from 649 (Hamlin + Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) to 1615 kg/tree for a hybrid of trifoliate orange · Milam. At tree age 9 years, mean soluble solids production was 3594 kgha L1 with a 240% difference between the lowest and highest value. There were differences in the distribution of four commercial-sized categories based on analysis of individual sizes and using PROC FREQ to examine and compare whole-tree distributions. When the yield and fruit size data were combined for 3 years and converted to income/tree using commercial Florida Freight On Board prices in November and March, the trees on a trifoliate orange · Milam hybrid (1584) had the highest estimated income ($354 U.S., March data) followed by Calamandarin ($321) and Norton citrange ($292). The lowest income/tree was $112 (Hamlin + Flying Dragon trifoliate orange). When all data were considered, the best matches to current grower interest in smaller sized trees, and high yield and fruit quality, were the hybrid 1584 and C-35 citrange rootstocks.
Stabilization of sunflower oil by pennyroyal (Mentha piperita) extracts during accelerated storage

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant activity of pennyroyal (Mentha piperita) extracts of sunflower oil as a replacement for synthetic antioxidant. This study was performed in two stages. In the current study, it was proven that the examined pennyroyal was in all ways similar to Mentha piperita sequence and its blast performance at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The anti-oxidation activities of Mentha piperita extracts were identified using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and total phenolic content. The protective effect of extracts on the stabilization of sunflower oil was tested and compared with tertiary butyl hydroquinone by measuring peroxide values (y1), p-anisidine (y2), and rancimat value (y3) during storage for 4 weeks at 60°C (Schaal test). The results showed that the antioxidant activity of Mentha piperita extracts (500 ppm) was equal with tertiary butyl hydroquinone effect (100 ppm) at 60°C. In the next step, the sunflower oil containing Mentha piperita extracts (500 ppm) and tertiary butyl hydroquinone (100 ppm) as two blocks were tested to determinate the optimum condition of both high temperature (x1:180–220°C) and time (x2: 5–15 min) variables on oxidative stability. The optimum conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. The analysis of variance result showed that temperature and time had significant effects on peroxide, p-anisidine, and rancimat values (p < 0.01). The optimal condition for the examined parameters was related to a sunflower oil treatment containing Mentha piperita extracts (500 ppm) at 180°C and 5 min (with the desirability of 92.1%).
Identity of the Antarctic mite Gainia nivalis Trouessart (Acari, Nanorchestidae)

Les types de Gainia nivalis Trouessart, 1914, provenant de l'ile Petermann (Peninsule Antarctique), ont ete reexamines et un lectotype designe. Gainia Trouessart, 1914, est confirme comme synonyme subjectif de Nanorchestes Topsent et Trouessart, 1890. Nanorchestes gressitti Strandtmann, 1982, est un synonyme subjectif de N. nivalis (n. comb., n. syn.). La paternite du nom de famille Nanorchestidae est attribuee a BERLESE, 1913.
Changes in nutraceutical and antioxidant components of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes during storage

Thirty genotypes of onion bulbs were evaluated for analysing the changes of nutraceutical contents and antioxidant components during storage. The onion bulbs were analysed for total sugars, reducing sugars, fructans, alcohol insoluble solids, flavonols, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, quercetin and total antioxidant capacity in five months interval (May to September). During storage, total sugars, fructans, flavonols, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin were decreased and reducing sugars, alcohol insoluble solids, quercetin and total antioxidant capacity were increased. In onion bulbs, highest amount of total sugars, reducing sugars, fructans, alcohol insoluble solids, flavonols, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, quercetin and total antioxidant capacity were found in variety D-96-B, Punjab Selection, D-305-B, GSY 102, REC-1428, POH-1, REC-1428, P W and D-97-B respectively. As antioxidant and nutraceutical aspect, varieties REC-1428, ISLR 10-3 and REC-1428 respectively were detected as beneficial because having highest overall maximum varietal means and high quercetin and anthocyanin content.
Die Bestimmung des optimalen Verhältnisses zwischen den essentiellen Aminosäuren im Futter von Legehennen

From the reduction in nitrogen retention after partial dietary deletion of individual essential amino acids the ideal ratio between methionine, methionine plus cystine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine and phenylalanine plus tyrosine was determined. Light, white laying hens (41 and 26 weeks old, nine hens each per experimental treatment) were given in two experiments eight diets for 54 days each. In both trials one diet (positive control = K+) contained all essential amino acids at the requirement level, while in six further diets, compared to the positive control (K+), the concentrations of individual amino acids (methionine (diet -Met), methionine plus cystine (diet -M+C), leucine (diet -Leu), valine (diet -Val), phenylalanine (diet -Phe), phenylalanine plus tyrosine (diet -P+T)) were partially reduced. This reduction normally was as high as 25%, but was only 15% in diets -Leu and -Phe in the second experiment. In an eight diet (negative control = K-) the concentrations of all essential amino acids reached only 75% of their level in the positive control (K+). The basal diet (K+) in the second trial contained 31% of its protein in form of free amino acids, while this part reached 43% in the basal diet (K+) of experiment one. Partial deletion of individual dietary amino acids mostly caused a reduction in egg production, feed consumption and nitrogen retention as well as a poorer feed conversion efficiency and a poorer development of body mass of hens. Excluded from this were the treatments with lower dietary concentration of methionine plus cystine (diet -M+C) in both trials and the treatment with a dietary reduction of methionine (diet -Met) in the second trial, which therefore could not be involved in the calculation of the optimum amino acid pattern. From the results of total nitrogen retention of both experiments an optimum ratio from methionine : leucine : valine : phenylalanine : phenylalanine plus tyrosine like
Plant Population Influence on Maize Yield Components in Croatia and Nebraska

Analysis of yield components to address inconsistent maize (Zea mays L.) grain yields across plant populations is limited in Europe and the United States. The research objectives were to compare maize yield components at low and high plant populations in eastern Nebraska and central Croatia using path analysis to better understand maize grain yield determination with changing plant population and determine relative importance among maize primary and secondary yield components. Research was conducted by planting three maize hybrids at 65, 000 plants ha(-1) to 105, 000 plants ha(-1) in 2012 and 2013 at Zagreb, Croatia, and Mead, NE. Grain yield, ears per square meter, rows per ear, ear circumference, kernels per ear, kernels per row, ear length, and kernel weight were determined. Average grain yield was 10.7 Mg ha(-1) and plant population influence on yield was inconsistent and <2 Mg ha(-1). Among yield components, the number of rows per ear (direct effect of 0.54 [P <= 0.01] with kernels per ear and 0.39 [P <= 0.01] with kernels per row) and the number of kernels per ear (direct effect of 0.54 [P <= 0.01] with grain yield) were of most importance for maize at high plant populations, while the number of kernels per row (direct effect of 0.93 [P <= 0.01] with kernels per ear and 0.61 [P <= 0.01] with kernel weight) and kernel weight (direct effect of 0.47 [P <= 0.01] with grain yield) were most important at low plant populations. Future maize management research for low plant population environments should focus on production of the number of kernels per ear and kernel weight, while for high plant populations, the focus should be on the number of rows per ear.
Impact of fuelwood quality and quantity on the energy use of rural households in the Omusati Region, north-central Namibia

The relation between fuelwood use and fuelwood quality and quantity was studied in two northern Namibian rural communities with different levels of fuelwood availability. Household surveys were conducted and fuelwood quality was assessed through laboratory studies. The study found differences in fuelwood use and adaptation of liveli-hoods to fuelwood availability. Where there was an abundance of quality fuelwood, the community chose fuelwood intuitively in accordance with the optimum physical properties and in a sustainable way. A fuelwood shortage, however, was found to impact negatively on work and social practices and fuelwood was collected through destructive harvesting practices, such as the cutting of green branches, and without consideration for optimum timber properties, such as tree age and calorific value.
POPULATION CYCLES IN ARCTIC LEMMINGS: WINTER REPRODUCTION AND PREDATION BY WEASELS

Winter nests of brown and collared lemmings were examined following melt-off in 1969 through 1973 for evidence of predation by weasels during the preceding winter. In the winter of 1968-69 heavy weasel predation (34.7% of nests examined) contributed to the decline of a breeding lemming population. Weasel and bird predation in summer 1969 then drove the lemmings to a very low density. Weasel predation remained low for the duration of the study. Lemming population changes were related to the intensity of summer and, especially, winter reproduction. Reproduction was impaired in winters of unusually shallow snow cover and cold subnivean conditions. We conclude that subnivean conditions, as they affect winter reproduction, influence the timing of the rise to a population peak, and thus influence the period of the cycle. Pred
The implications of nest site competition from starlings Sturnus vulgaris and the effect of spring temperatures on the timing and breeding performance of great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos major in southern England

A long-term study of the breeding success of an increasing population of great spotted woodpeckers in southern England has shown that nest survival has increased dramatically and the nesting season advanced over the last 20 years. Nest site interference by starlings was frequently observed in the early years of the study and was thought to be the main cause of the low nest survival and delayed nesting. Starling numbers have now declined to such an extent that they no longer nest in the study woods and nest site interference does not now occur. Great spotted woodpeckers are increasing in Britain and the reduction in nest site competition from starlings may be one of the factors contributing to this increase.
Relationship between the development of seed coat pigmentation, seed coat adherence to the cotyledons and the rate of imbibition during the maturation of grain legumes

Measurement of the rate of imbibition of individual seeds of dwarf French beans, chickpea and cowpea at different stages of maturation revealed that cultivars having unpigmented seed coats when mature imbibed rapidly at all stages of maturation, although the overall water uptake was less in the mature seeds. Seeds from cultivars having pigmented seed coats when mature also imbibed rapidly when harvested at an immature stage before the development of pigmentation and when the seed coats were green. However the rate of imbibition decreased markedly in all three species once pigmentation of the seed coat developed during maturation. The decrease in water uptake of chickpea was attributed to the increased adherence of the seed coat to the cotyledons with little change in seed coat permeability during maturation of the pigmented cultivar. In cowpea adherence of the seed coat to the cotyledons appeared to play a minor role in reducing the rate of imbibition as the seeds matured.
Interaction between atmospheric hydrogen sulfide deposition and pedospheric sulfate nutrition in Brassica oleracea L.

Brassica oleracea L. is able to utilize H2S as sulfur source for growth and it can replace pedospheric sulfate as sulfur source. The foliage forms an active sink for atmospheric H2S, which is directly metabolized into cysteine and subsequently into other organic sulfur compounds. H2S exposure results in an increased size and changed composition of the thiol pool. However, the overall foliar H2S uptake by B. oleracea appears to be under strict metabolic control and the uptake and metabolism of H2S by the shoot and that of sulfate by the roots appear to be in tune and adjusted to the actual sulfur requirement for growth. H2S exposure results in a decrease in sulfate reduction in the shoots at the site of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase and in a down-regulation of the sulfate uptake by the roots. H2S impact studies show to be a useful tool for studying the signals involved in the regulation of sulfur metabolism and its interaction with nitrogen metabolism. A modulation of sulfur nutrition by changing the levels of atmospheric and pedospheric sulfur also shows promise in the studies on i) the potential and usefulness of the channeling of extra sulfur into specific sulfur pools, ii) the role of sulfur compounds (e.g. glutathione) in the protection of plants against oxidative and environmental stress, iii) sulfur-induced resistance of plants against pests and iv) the function of secondary sulfur compounds in plants and the mutual regulation of sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in plants.
Effect of Time of Fertilizer Application on the Seed and Forage Yield of Russian Wild Ryegrass.

maximum values for hypanthium glands and plume length but has fewer achenes than cliffrose and all but one of the hybrids shown in the graph. Plant 581 is but moderately glandular, but with respect to leaf divisions and pedicel length it approaches maximum values. The data obtained from the Providence population do not suggest that we have a true variety, for there is no consistent combination of characteristics that can be recognized. In some instances the foliage characteristics are essentially like those found on P. tridentata, while other characteristics may be intermediate or close to cliffrose. The evidence here would better support the view that the plants TECHNICAL NOTES
Efficient compression of motion compensated residuals

Prediction error images are often encountered in video processing: they include simple frame difference signals, the difference between an original signal recon­ structed after down-conversion followed by up-conversion and the motion compen­ sated prediction error in video encoding. In general these signals can be character­ ized as having high predominantly high frequency content and fine line structures generated by the edges of the features in the video scene. Despite the difference between these difference signals and natural images, they are often coded using a simple variant of a still image compression algorithm in many compression sys­ tems. In this work we investigate the application of some new key technologies such as the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Successive-Approximation Quantization to motion compensated residuals. We start by presenting an overview of the current video coding standards and implementation details of the DWT in image coding, ranging from boundary extension to fast implementations. To gain a better insight into the coding efficiency of linear transforms for residual coding, several linear transforms are evaluated from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. We then continue by exploiting some inherent characteristics of motion residuals in trying to achieve a simple and efficient motion residual coding tech­ nique. The proposed algorithm is based on bit-plane coding where its embedded property allows precise control of coding rates since the bit-stream can be truncated at any point according to either rate or distortion constraints. The results that are reported outperform MPEG-2, H.263 and some selected wavelet-based coders. After presenting the algorithm, we apply several techniques from our earlier works to video coding using matching pursuits. Matching pursuits is a recent ad­ vance in residual coding and produces results that are among the best in the litera­ ture. The proposed method not only improves upon the original implementation but also solves a rate/quality limiting condition known as “deadlocking”.
Microorganism growth during muskmelon seed priming

A cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) seed sample with 20% of infested seeds was treated with fungicide Captan 50 WP (3 g/kg seeds) and primed for six days in darkness at 25°C in a KNO 3 + KH 2 PO 4 (1.5 + 1.5%) aerated solution. Half of the seed sample was primed without fungicide treatment. In nonprimed seeds, fungicide treatment eliminated microorganism incidence. During priming, captan did not give good control of microorganisms [Alternaria, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Stemphylium]. Seed priming increased the microorganism incidence to 60% on fungicide-treated seeds and 94% on nontreated seeds. The conditions established by seed priming contributed to seed fungal proliferation, and a high incidence of fungi may have contributed to the decrease of seed germination.