Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of MR Spectroscopy in Evaluation of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children

This study aims to go over the most common tumors of posterior fossa affecting children, with emphasis on their Magnetic Resonance Imaging “MRI” findings and Magnetic Resonance “MR” Spectroscopy, to improve histological approach in imaging, helping the management and approach for surgeons in providing information to the patients’ parents. It was a prospective study carried out on 20 patients with posterior fossa tumors. The patients were referred to Radiology Department of AL-Zahraa University Hospital for MRI and MR Spectroscopy examination after getting approval from ethical committee. A written informed consent was taken from parents. This study was conducted for a period of six months from May 2021 to October 2021. 20 patients ages ranged 3-14 years. Eight were males and twelve were females. Incidence of pilocytic astrocytoma 8 cases (40%), ependymoma 6 cases (30%), medulloblastoma 4 cases (20%) and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor 2 cases (10%). Their distribution in the posterior cranial fossa was 2 cases at the pons (10%), 4 cases at the cerebellum (20%), 10 cases at the fourth ventricle (50%), 2 cases at the midline posterior fossa (10%) and 2 cases at the CPA (10%). Different metabolite peaks were evaluated from resulting MR spectra, including choline, NAA, creatine, lipid, lactate, myoinositol and taurine peaks. Metabolite ratios, such as Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA ratios, were used for diagnosis and differentiation of different tumor types. We concluded MR spectroscopy is a powerful tool in diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors in pediatric patients and determination of tumor grades because it enables biochemical assessment of tumor dynamics.
The Role of Ascending Ventral‐Tegmental Fibers for Recovery after Stroke

The integrity of cortical motor networks and their descending effector pathway (the corticospinal tract [CST]) is a major determinant motor recovery after stroke. However, this view neglects the importance of ascending tracts and their modulatory effects on cortical physiology. Here, we explore the role of such a tract that connects dopaminergic ventral tegmental midbrain nuclei to the motor cortex (the VTMC tract) for post‐stroke recovery.
Construction of the tensor product for the lattices of properties of physical entities

We construct the tensor product for the property lattices of two entities. We give a physical interpretation for this tensor product. We show that the tensor product is never an orthocomplemented lattice if both entities are nontrivial. It also never satisfies the covering law. This is the reason why this tensor product does not exist in quantum mechanics and does not exist in quantum logic. We analyze the relation of the tensor product with the usual description of two entities in quantum mechanics. At the end, we give a mathematical way of constructing this tensor product.
Seroprevalence and Molecular Investigation of Toxoplasmosis among Working Children in Tehran

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogenic protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis and spreads worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis by serological and molecular methods in working children and a control group in Tehran. Methods: The study participants comprised 460 children aged 7 - 14 years, including 278 working children and 182 age-matched controls. Blood samples were collected, and a serological test was performed to evaluate IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood specimens by gradient centrifugation method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primer B1 on PBMC samples in children’s blood to determine the status of Toxoplasma infection. Results: Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii was 24.8% and 0.7%, respectively, in working children; however, in the control group, 12.1% and 2.2% had IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii, respectively. The mean IgG titer was 160 ± 86.39 IU/mL and 69.36 ± 88 IU/mL for working children and the control group, respectively (P < 0.0001); however, the mean IgM titer was 4.65 ± 3.04 IU/mL and 3.85 ± 4 IU/mL for working children and control group, respectively (P = 0.8187). Real-time PCR results indicated two (0.7%) positive cases among working children and three (1.65%) samples in the control group. The present study showed a significant difference between working children and the control group regarding the frequency of IgG antibodies (P = 0.0012). However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of IgM antibodies in the two mentioned groups. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of IgG antibody against T. gondii was more in working children than in the control group in Tehran. This investigation revealed a significant difference in frequency and titer of IgG antibodies between working children and the control group. More exposure to the soil and contaminated hands before drinking water or food may be considered factors in the development of toxoplasmosis infection in these children.
Conserved and divergent development of brainstem vestibular and auditory 1 nuclei 2 3

13 Vestibular function was established early in vertebrates and has remained, for the most part, 14 unchanged. In contrast, each group of tetrapods underwent independent evolutionary processes to 15 solve the problem of hearing on land, resulting in a remarkable mixture of conserved, divergent and 16 convergent features that define extant auditory systems. The vestibuloacoustic nuclei of the 17 hindbrain develop from a highly conserved ground plan and provide an ideal framework on which to 18 address the participation of developmental processes to the evolution of neuronal circuits. We 19 employed an electroporation strategy to unravel the contribution of two dorsoventral and four axial 20 lineages to the development of the chick hindbrain vestibular and auditory nuclei. We compare the 21 chick developmental map with recently stablished genetic fate-maps of the developing mouse 22 hindbrain. Overall, we find considerable conservation of developmental origin for the vestibular 23 nuclei. In contrast, a comparative analysis of the developmental origin of hindbrain auditory 24 structures echoes the complex evolutionary history of the auditory system. In particular, we find 25 that the developmental origin of the chick auditory interaural time difference circuit supports its 26 emergence from an ancient vestibular network, unrelated to the analogous mammalian counterpart. 27
The Hilbert Function of a Level Algebra

Part 1. Nonexistence and Existence: Introduction Numerical conditions Homological methods Some refinements Constructing Artinian level algebras Constructing level sets of points Expected behavior Part 2. Appendix: A Classification of Codimension Three Level Algebras of Low Socle Degree: Appendix A. Introduction and notation Appendix B. Socle degree $6$ and Type $2$ Appendix C. Socle degree $5$ Appendix D. Socle degree $4$ Appendix E. Socle degree $3$ Appendix F. Summary Appendix. Bibliography.
PREDICTION AND SIGNAL EXTRACTION OF STRONGLY DEPENDENT PROCESSES IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN

We frequently observe that one of the aims of time series analysts is to predict future values of the data. For weakly dependent data, when the model is known up to a finite set of parameters, its statistical properties are well documented and exhaustively examined. However, if the model was misspecified, the predictors would no longer be correct. Motivated by this observation and because of the interest in obtaining adequate and reliable predictors, Bhansali (1974, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 36, 61–73) examined the properties of a nonparametric predictor based on the canonical factorization of the spectral density function given in Whittle (1963, Prediction and Regulation by Linear Least Squares) and known as FLES. However, the preceding work does not cover the so-called strongly dependent data. Because of the interest in this type of processes, one of our objectives in this paper is to examine the properties of the FLES for these processes. In addition, we illustrate how the FLES can be adapted to recover the signal of a strongly dependent process, showing its consistency. The proposed method is semiparametric in the sense that, in contrast to other methods, we do not need to assume any particular model for the noise except that it is weakly dependent.
nsula reactivity to negative stimuli is associated with daily cigarette se : A preliminary investigation using the Human Connectome atabase

Background: Individuals who smoke more cigarettes per day are at greater risk for developing smokingrelated illness and have more difficulty quitting. Withdrawal-related negative mood is one factor thought to motivate drug use. However, heavy smokers are generally more sensitive to negative affect, not just negative emotion stemming from withdrawal. One possibility is that individual differences in how the brain processes negative stimuli may impact smoking use. Given the wealth of data implicating the insula in nicotine dependence and affective processing we hypothesize that the number of cigarettes an individual smokes per day will relate to insula reactivity to negative stimuli. Methods: A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) emotional processing task collected by the Human Connectome Project was assessed in 21 daily tobacco smokers who reported smoking between 5 and 20 cigarettes per day. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was correlated with right and left anterior insula reactivity to faces expressing a negative emotion relative to a control. This anterior insula region of interest has been associated with treatment outcome and smoking cue-reactivity in our prior work. Results: Those who smoked more daily cigarettes showed greater right insula reactivity to negative stimuli (r = 0.564, p = 0.008). Left insula reactivity was not associated with cigarettes smoked per day. Conclusion: Smokers who use more cigarettes per day have greater insula reactivity to negative stimuli, furthering the field’s understanding of the insula’s involvement in nicotine use. This preliminary work also suggests a mechanism contributing to higher rates of daily smoking. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of accounting information and communication control on financial performance of Sacco’s in Kenya

The study sought to examine the effect of Accounting Information and Communication control on the financial performance of Sacco’s in Kenya. The study employed a mixed research design targeting 175 Sacco’s with 875 respondents. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the CEOs, Finance Managers, Risk Managers, ICT Managers and Internal auditors. Data were collected by the use of both primary and secondary techniques. Primary data collection was using questionnaires, while secondary data detailed document analysis of audited accounts to capture information on financial performance. A pilot study was conducted in Nairobi County. Content and construct validity were tested at a KMO value of 0.870, which signified that factor analysis was appropriate. Cronbach Alpha was applied to establish reliability, ranging from 0.859 for accounting information and communication control to 0.916 for financial performance. Data were analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis included; frequencies, Mean, Standard deviation and percentage, while inferential analysis involved regression analysis. The results showed a significant positive relationship between Accounting Information and Communication control and financial performance (r=0.661, P=0.000). Accounting Information and Communication control explained 43.7% (R2 =0.437) of variance in financial performance; the beta value for Accounting Information and Communication control from the regression model was 0.551 at p< 0.05. The study concluded that Accounting Information and Communication control has a significant positive effect on financial performance. The study recommended that SACCOs conduct periodic reviews of the effectiveness of its accounting information and communication system to ensure management receives timely, relevant, and reliable reports for decision-making.
MOISTURE ANALYSIS AND WATER BUDGET IN THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF STORMS

Abstract With use of the mean observed wind and mean mixing ratio in layers of 100-mb thickness, the water budget was computed for three different types of cyclone development. The results indicated a fair agreement between the computed and observed amounts of precipitation. There were indications that the free water in the form of cloud droplets may remain in suspension for several hours before being released as precipitation. The relationship between the integrated moisture patterns and the observed precipitation distribution was determined. There appears to be a maximum precipitation area on the forward left side of the axis of maximum water vapor content. In the absence of thunderstorm activity the limit of the rain area towards the warm side appears to coincide very nearly with the line of zero mean vorticity. However, no such agreement exists between the cold limit of the rainfall area and the vorticity distribution.
A compressible wall-adapting similarity mixed model for large-eddy simulation of the impinging round jet

Wall-jet interaction is studied with large-eddy simulation (LES) in which a mixed-similarity subgrid scale (SGS) closure is combined with the wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) model for the eddy-viscosity term. The macrotemperature and macropressure are introduced to deduce a weakly compressible form of the mixed-similarity model, and the relevant formulation for the energy equation is deduced accordingly. LES prediction capabilities are assessed by comparing flow statistical properties against experiment of an unconfined impinging round jet at Reynolds numbers of 23 000 and 70 000. To quantify the benefit of the proposed WALE-similarity mixed model, the lower Reynolds number simulations are also performed using the standard WALE and Lagrangian dynamic Smagorinsky approaches. The unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations are integrated over 2.9 M, 3.5 M, and 5.5 M node Cartesian grids with an explicit fourth-order finite volume solver. Nonreflecting boundary conditions are enforced using a met.
Leadership Practices among Islamic Private Secondary School Principals in Southern Thailand: Validating a Model of Strategic Educational Leadership

This study explored the levels of strategic educational leadership practices (PSELP) among the principals of 92 Islamic private secondary schools (IPSS) in Southern Thailand as perceived by teachers at the schools. It also sought to validate and confirm a hypothesized structural equation model of PSELP based on the data provided by 918 IPSS teachers from the districts of Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat. The survey instrument was a seven-point PSELP scale with 44 items adapted from five previous studies. Descriptive statistics (i.e., means and standard deviations) were used to summarize the perceived levels of PSELP in nine aspects or domains. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied on the data to test the adequacy of the proposed PSELP model. The results showed that the teachers had the perception that their principals effectively practiced all five factors of strategic educational leadership and exhibited the four characteristics of strategic leaders. This discovery contradicted previous findings that school principals’ leadership practices were low or inadequate. The CFA results established the proposed nine-factor model of IPSS principals’ strategic educational leadership practices as valid and reliable, confirming the presence of strategic orientation, strategic alignment, strategic intervention, strategic translation, strategic intervention, restlessness, absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, and leadership wisdom in the model. The findings have raised a new concern, that is, if the principals of the IPSS have actively and extensively been practicing strategic leadership, what then could be the causes of the poor performance of the IPSS in Southern Thailand? This concern has paved new directions for future research involving the quality of Islamic schools in the region.
Pulmonary CT findings in Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Pneumonia

Background: The COVID-19 infection is a more recent pandemic disease all over the world and studying the pulmonary findings on survivors of this disease has lately commenced. Objective: We aimed to estimate the cumulative percentage of whole radiological resolution after 3 months from recovery and to define the residual chest CT findings and exploring the relevant affecting factors. Subjects and Methods: Patients who had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by RT-PCR test and had radiological evidence of pulmonary involvement by Chest CT during the acute illness were included in the present study. The radiological data of chest CT scan of all patients were collected and analyzed after recovery (confirmed by negative RT- PCR) three months after their initial diagnosis of having COVID 19 pneumonia. Results: A total of 40 patients who had a second CT scans were assessed; there were 27 (67.5%) male and 13 (32.5%) female, with a mean age of 40.3 years old. The collective percentage of whole radiological resolution was 65% (26 patients). Patients >40 years old showed a significantly lower cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution than patients ≤40 years old at the 3 months follow-up. The predominant patterns of abnormalities observed at discharge were ground-glass opacity (GGO), fibrous stripe and reticular opacities. Conclusion: Lung findings in COVID-19 pneumonia patients can be resolved completely during medium-term follow up with no sequelae. The older age and co-morbidities are the main significant risk factors for residual radiological findings of COVID-19 disease.
Crosstalk and trade-offs: Plant responses to climate change-associated abiotic and biotic stresses.

As sessile organisms, plants are constantly challenged by a dynamic growing environment. This includes fluctuations in temperature, water availability, light levels, and changes in atmospheric constituents such as carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and ozone (O3 ). In concert with changes in abiotic conditions, plants experience changes in biotic stress pressures, including plant pathogens and herbivores. Human-induced increases in atmospheric CO2 levels have led to alterations in plant growth environments that impact their productivity and nutritional quality. Additionally, it is predicted that climate change will alter the prevalence and virulence of plant pathogens, further challenging plant growth. A knowledge gap exists in the complex interplay between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Closing this gap is crucial for developing climate resilient crops in the future. Here, we briefly review the physiological responses of plants to elevated CO2 , temperature, tropospheric O3 , and drought conditions, as well as the interaction of these abiotic stress factors with plant pathogen pressure. Additionally, we describe the crosstalk and trade-offs involved in plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress, and outline targets for future work to develop a more sustainable future food supply considering future climate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Multiscale Analysis of a Mature Mesoscale Convective Complex

Abstract A multiscale analysis reveals diverse atmospheric structure and processes within a mesoscale convective complex (MCC) observed during the Oklahoma-Kansas Preliminary Regional Experiment for STORM-Central (PRE-STORM) experiment. This midlatitude system was the second in a series of four MCCs that developed and traveled along a quasi-stationary frontal zone over the central United States on 3–4 June 1985. Objectively analyzed mesoscale upper-air soundings encompassing the MCC are interpreted in tandem with more detailed dual-Doppler radar measurements that disclose the storm's internal airflow and precipitation structure. The mature MCC is found to include a variety of local environments and associated weather, ranging from tornadic thunderstorms to more linear convective bands and widespread chilling rains. A corresponding spectrum of mesoscale ver6cW-motion profiles is documented. These findings are related to previous composite-based portrayals of MCCs, as well as detailed case studies of simple.
Prophylactic Role of Curcumin and Garlic Acid on Oxyfluorfen Toxicity of Oreochromis niloticus: Hematological and Biochemical Responses

The present work aimed to detect the toxicological impacts of oxyfluorfen (herbicide) on hematological and biochemical parameters of Oreochromis niloticus and the prophylactic role of garlic acid and curcumin in detoxification. Adult fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.3 and 0.6ppm) of oxyfluorfen against 5g/ kg of curcumin and 5g/ kg of garlic acid for detoxification
An inequality for the reduced wave operator and the justification of geometrical optics

We present an inequality for the reduced wave operator in the exterior of a star-shaped surface in n-space, with a Dirichlet boundary condition on the surface and a radiation condition at infinity. This inequality is used to demonstrate the continuous dependence (in a suitable norm) of the solution of a scattering problem upon the boundary data and inhomogeneous term in the differential equation. This basic result is then used together with the results of D. Ludwig [7] to prove that the formal solution of the scattering problem for a convex body, which is given by geometrical optics, is asymptotic to the exact solution. Similar results have been given in two dimensions by V. S. Buslaev [1] and R. Grimshaw [2], using different methods, who also consider the Neumann problem. Unfortunately the methods used here are inapplicable in that case.
Clinical characteristics, course and outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients with previous or current TB admitted in ICU of a tertiary care COVID centre of Indian subcontinent

Sir, Since COVID-19 has commenced, we are trying to learn its impact on individuals with different comorbidities and coinfections; however, coinfection of COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) is still less travelled ground. The epidemiological data on coinfection of COVID-19 and TB is available;[1,2] however, there is limited data on the clinical course of these patients. [3-5] There are a few published case series and reports, which suggest that patients infected with COVID-19 and TB are likely to have severe disease and poorer outcomes[5,6] and there can be reactivation of latent TB with COVID infection. [7] However, all these studies involve heterogeneous populations, i.e. stable as well as critical patients. [3-5] The present retrospective study describes the clinical characteristics, course and outcome of critically ill patients coinfected with COVID-19/TB admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care COVID centre of the Indian subcontinent, a high endemic area for TB.
The Brightness Temperature of a Vertically Structured Medium

Exact equations are derived for calculating the brightness temperature of a medium that is bounded by a plane surface and whose properties (dielectric constant and thermometric temperature) vary only with depth. Although no approximations are made in the development of the principal results, the final equations are presented in a form most convenient for use in the area of microwave radiometry (that is, in the limit where the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation to the Planck blackbody radiation law is valid). Some special cases in which the differential equations arising in the theory can be solved analytically are presented as examples. A practical numerical method for evaluating the exact equations by use of a digital computer is also discussed.