Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex-dependent effects of traumatic stress on social behavior and neuronal activation in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala

Social behavior is complex and fundamental, and deficits in social behavior are common pathological features for a variety of psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Acute stress has a negative impact on social behavior, and these effects may vary based on sex. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of footshock stress on the sociability of male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Animals were divided into two main groups of footshock exposure or context exposure control. Each group had mice that were treated with either the benzodiazepine alprazolam, or vehicle. Neuronal activation during social interaction was assessed using immunohistochemistry against the immediate early gene product cFos. Footshock stress induced a significantly increased latency to approach a social interaction counterpart in both sexes. Stress-induced increases in defensive tail-rattling behavior elicited during the sociability test were sex-dependent and alleviated by alprazolam. Alprazolam also lowered social exploration and neuronal activation in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex. Social interaction induced sex-dependent differences in cFos activation in the lateral subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala and ventromedial intercalated cell clusters. Overall, our results suggest that acute footshock stress induces alterations in sociability and patterns of cFos activation in a sex-dependent manner.
Macrolevel Estimation of Highway Lane Usage

A methodology is proposed and simple models are developed that estimate on a macrolevel the traffic volume distribution in highways lanes. The testing of the methodology and the models' calibration were done for different hourly volumes with data collected from highways in the Greater Athens area in Greece. The transferability and predictability of the models were shown by applying them to different highway traffic conditions. Thus, a useful, simple tool for traffic management is developed for usage by transportation planners and highway engineers: based on a macrolevel utilization of each traffic lane by the vehicles, the pavement maintenance can be scheduled accordingly, and better design of intersections could be accomplished by taking into account the traffic volume estimated to use each lane, especially the right one.
Average power handling capability of multilayer microstrip lines

This article describes the average power handling capability (APHC) of multilayer microstrip lines, including the effect of mismatch at the terminations. The data presented herein are validated by considering an example of a 12‐W monolithic microwave integrated circuit power amplifier fabricated using multilayer low‐loss microstrip technology. The calculated value of APHC for a 50‐Ω line of a 75‐μm‐thick GaAs substrate is 1445 W at 10 GHz, whereas the corresponding value for a multilayer microstrip that has 10‐μm‐thick polyimide is only 44 W. At 40 GHz, these values are reduced by a factor of 2. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 11: 385–395, 2001.
Optimal Distribution of Rolling Coverage in Multiple Chip Seals

A study investigated the optimal rolling coverage distribution of different layers of multiple chip seals (double and triple seals). The chip seal samples were fabricated in the field for laboratory testing. The chip seal sections were constructed with the use of two different rolling distributions per seal type (double and triple seals) with no rolling or one rolling for the bottom layer. A 5-ton pneumatic tire roller was used to fabricate these samples in the field. The double seals were composed of granite 78M aggregate for the bottom layer and lightweight aggregate for the top layer. The triple seals were constructed with granite 78M aggregate for both the bottom and middle layers and lightweight aggregate for the top layer using CRS-2 emulsion. The aggregate retention performance was evaluated by the flip-over test, the Vialit test, and the third-scale model mobile loading simulator. It was found that the double seal clearly required rolling for the bottom layer, and the triple seal did not; therefore, the rolling operation may be eliminated for the bottom layer of the triple seal.
Broadband Access, District Policy, and Student Opportunities for Remote Learning During COVID-19 School Closures

We conceptualize students’ opportunities to learn remotely during the initial school closures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We then examine variation in remote instruction using an original statewide survey of teachers in Tennessee, deployed just a few weeks into the closures. Using three-level logistic regression models, we explore potential predictors of regular remote instruction, including prepandemic measures of broadband access, the demographic composition of schools, and measures of district policy responses created from districts’ public COVID-19 plans. We find that teachers in schools serving more economically disadvantaged students and in rural districts are less likely to report regular remote instruction, especially via providing digital resources and holding virtual classes or tutoring. Fewer opportunities for Tennessee’s rural students appear driven in part by lower community access to high-speed broadband, but district policies to distribute technology may partially mitigate this gap in access.
Ensovibep, a novel trispecific DARPin candidate that protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants

SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people globally and continues to undergo evolution. Emerging variants can be partially resistant to vaccine induced immunity and therapeutic antibodies, emphasizing the urgent need for accessible, broad-spectrum therapeutics. Here, we report a comprehensive study of ensovibep, the first trispecific clinical DARPin candidate, that can simultaneously engage all three units of the spike protein trimer to potently inhibit ACE2 interaction, as revealed by structural analyses. The cooperative binding of the individual modules enables ensovibep to retain inhibitory potency against all frequent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, as of February 2022. Moreover, viral passaging experiments show that ensovibep, when used as a single agent, can prevent development of escape mutations comparably to a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Finally, we demonstrate that the very high in vitro antiviral potency also translates into significant therapeutic protection and reduction of pathogenesis in Roborovski dwarf hamsters infected with either the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type or the Alpha variant. In this model, ensovibep prevents fatality and provides substantial protection equivalent to the standard of care mAb cocktail. These results support further clinical evaluation and indicate that ensovibep could be a valuable alternative to mAb cocktails and other treatments for COVID-19.
Systems of multiple cluster tools: configuration and performance under perfect reliability

By extrapolating technological trends, one can expect future fabs to consist largely of highly reliable cluster tools. Such trends raise the issues of how cluster tools should be configured (i.e., how modules should be grouped together), and the impact of configuration on optimal lot size. This paper generates equation-based models to compare the throughput and cycle time of different systems that perform the same sequence of process steps, with the same total number of modules grouped in different ways into multiple cluster tools. The two extremes of the spectrum of possible cluster tool configurations are considered: the serial configuration, in which a wafer visits each module in the cluster tool, and the parallel configuration, in which all of the modules in the cluster tool are identical. The models predict the following for typical cluster tool parameters and process times. When all process step times are identical, systems of serial-configured tools can achieve the same throughputs with lower cycle times, as their parallel-configured counterparts. However, if process times in the sequence significantly differ from one another, then systems of parallel-configured tools may achieve lower cycle times than their serial-configured counterparts at high throughputs. Finally, the serial configuration significantly reduces the lot size required to achieve total throughput capacity.
Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis from a Fourth Level Hospital in Bogota, Colombia: A Retrospective Study

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe mycosis caused by Aspergillus species. The infection mainly affects immunocompromised patients with a significant clinical burden. This study aimed to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with IA in a fourth level hospital in Colombia, as these data are scarce in the country. A retrospective, observational study, from a single center was conducted with 34 male and 32 female patients, between 1 month- and 90-year-old, diagnosed with proven (18.2%), probable (74.2%) and possible (7.6%) IA, during a 21-year period. The most frequent underlying conditions for IA were chemotherapy (39.4%) and corticosteroid use (34.8%). The lung was the most common affected organ (92.4%). Computed tomography (CT) imaging findings were mainly nodules (57.6%) and consolidation (31.8%). A low positive correlation was found between serum galactomannan and hospitalization length. Aspergillus fumigatus prevailed (73.3%) in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. Most patients were hospitalized in general wards (63.6%) and treated with voriconazole (80.3%). Mortality rate was 15.2%. Common risk factors for IA were identified in the Colombian cohort, including medications and underlying diseases. However, their frequency differs from other countries, reinforcing the idea that local surveillance is essential and at-risk patients should be carefully monitored.
Influence of Pedalling Rate and Power Output on Energy Expenditure During Bicycle Ergometry

Abstract After review of previous studies, it seemed desirable to investigate further the interrelationships between pedalling rate, power output, and energy expenditure, using bicycle ergometry as a model for recreational bicycling. Three young adult male subjects rode a Monark ergometer at eight pedalling rates (30-120 rev min−1 ) and four power outputs (‘ 0 ’ 81-7. 163-4. and 1961 W) [vdot] o 2 determinations were made, and using measured R, gross energy expenditure was derived. When these values were combined with the results of other researchers using similar protocol but different power outputs, it was found that: (I) a ‘ most efficient’ pedalling rate exists for each power output studied: (2) the ( most efficient ) pedalling rate increases with power output from 42 rev min− 1 at 40-8 W to 62 rev min− 1 at 326-8 W: and (3) the increase in energy expenditure observed when pedalling slower than‘ most efficient’ is more pronounced at high power outputs than at low outputs, while the increase in respons.
Autonomous control reconfiguration

This article looks at autonomous control reconfiguration, particularly as it relates to fault accommodation and learning systems. To illustrate the types of difficulties encountered and to serve as a focus, two specific approaches are presented. The first approach uses multiple models to represent uncertain system characteristics. The example application is interceptor terminal guidance with unknown target maneuvers. The second approach uses a single model with adaptive techniques for updating uncertain system characteristics.
Individual Attitudes and Shopping Mode Characteristics Affecting the Use of E-Shopping and Related Travel

Abstract New telecommunication technologies and services have caused important challenges on travel behaviour and trip characteristics. Existing literature studies show many different outcomes regarding the effects of the new technologies on the participation of people to their personal activities and related travel; specifically, e-shopping may produce the reduction of shopping trips (substitution effect), but also an increase of trips thanks to the reuse of the travel time saved for other activities and trips (complementarity’s effect). The focus of this study is to analyse the aspects mostly affecting consumer choices of purchasing goods by web or in-store, with the aim of understanding how to operate so that e-shopping can positively modify consumers’ travel behaviour. Our research findings show that individual social and economic factors, consumer attitudes, and shopping mode characteristics influence the usage of online shopping. An experimental survey addressed to a sample of Italian consumers is used in the study.
Air pollution particles hijack peroxidasin to disrupt immunosurveillance and promote lung cancer

Although fine particulate matter (FPM) in air pollutants and tobacco smoke is recognized as a strong carcinogen and global threat to public health, its biological mechanism for inducing lung cancer remains unclear. Here, by investigating FPM’s bioactivities in lung carcinoma mice models, we discover that these particles promote lung tumor progression by inducing aberrant thickening of tissue matrix and hampering migration of anti-tumor immunocytes. Upon inhalation into lung tissue, these FPM particles abundantly adsorb peroxidasin (PXDN) – an enzyme mediating type IV collagen (Col IV) crosslinking – onto their surface. The adsorbed PXDN exerts abnormally high activity to crosslink Col IV via increasing the formation of sulfilimine bonds at the NC1 domain, leading to an overly dense matrix in the lung tissue. This disordered structure decreases the mobility of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes into the lung and consequently impairs the local immune surveillance, enabling the flourish of nascent tumor cells. Meanwhile, inhibiting the activity of PXDN effectively abolishes the tumor-promoting effect of FPM, indicating the key impact of aberrant PXDN activity on tumorigenic process. In summary, our finding elucidates a new mechanism for FPM-induced lung tumorigenesis and identifies PXDN as a potential target for treatment or prevention of the FPM-relevant biological risks. Graphical abstract
Refashioning London's bespoke and demi-bespoke tailors: new textiles, technology and design in contemporary menswear

Abstract This paper presents an exploratory study conducted in the main London tailoring districts in order to understand what is currently happening in the industry in terms of textiles, colour, style and manufacture. Historically delineated tailoring districts are mapped out into a new style-typology based on the researcher's ethnographic observations and interviews. The key tailoring terms used in the interviews including ‘bespoke’, ‘made-to-measure’ and the emerging industry concept ‘demi-bespoke’ are defined and discussed in both secondary and primary analysis. New technological changes such as body scanning for sizing, advancement in fabrics and computerized manufacture are investigated. Multicultural tailoring style influences are examined through in-depth interviews and ethnographic research. The conclusion evaluates aspects of the notion of ‘new’ and assesses whether a paradigm shift is occurring from traditional handcrafted tailoring to a more demi-bespoke style of menswear fashion.
Morphological Variations of Coronoid Process in Dry Adult Human Mandibles

Introduction: The coronoid process has been described as one of the bony processes of the ramus of the mandible. Materials and Methods: The morphological analysis of shapes of coronoid process of both side of fifty dry adult human mandibles of Indian origin (100 sides) were done in order to classify the variations. Observation and results: Three types of variations in the shape were evident. Triangular, hook shaped and rounded. Triangular shaped coronoid process was found in 60 (60%) sides, hook shaped process in 22 (22%) and round shaped in 18 (18%) sides. Conclusion: Knowledge of the morphological shapes of the coronoid process is useful for the maxillofacial surgeon during reconstructive surgeries. The mandibular coronoid process has been used as a donor site for sinus augmentation. The shape of coronoid process is also useful in anthropological studies and in forensic dentistry.
Evaluating the Retroreflectivity of Pavement Marking Materials under Continuous Wetting Conditions

Wet weather performance of pavement markings has received increased emphasis with the availability of new products designed specifically to improve nighttime visibility in wet weather conditions. Procedures for measuring the performance of these and standard marking materials are found in ASTM E1710, E2176, and E2177, which describe retroreflectivity measurement in dry, continuous wetting, and recovery conditions, respectively. Research comparing the retroreflectivity values measured for 18 different marking samples in 14 measurement conditions is described. Each sample was measured according to the three ASTM procedures, plus an additional 11 rates of continuous wetting. In addition, analysis was done of 20 years of Texas rainfall data to gain an understanding of the relationships between actual rainfall rates and the rates specified in E2176. Findings indicate that while the allowable rainfall rate in E2176 ranges from 6 to 14 in. /h, 88% of rainfall events produced maximum rates less than 0.75 in. /h. A wide variability was found in the retroreflectivity values of materials as a function of the wet condition. For most markings, the retroreflectivity level decreases as the rainfall rate increases, but changes in retroreflectivity were not consistent for the different samples. Also, an analysis of the effect of cross slope on wet retroreflectivity measurements indicated that it has a major impact on the measured values. Findings suggest that the range of conditions permitted by E2176 brings into question the ability to use this procedure to compare material retroreflectivity in a standardized manner.
On a modified Myers boundary condition to match lined wall impedance deduced from several experimental methods in presence of a grazing flow

This paper deals with the experimental investigation of the lined wall boundary condition for engineering applications such as aircraft engine systems. The results show that the conventional Myers boundary condition fails to predict with accuracy the acoustic behavior and the lined wall impedance in particular when the acoustic waves propagate against the flow. More relevant, a modified Myers boundary condition based on a mixed condition between continuity of normal acoustic displacement and normal mass velocity over linings is used. It takes into account the effect induced by viscosity in the vicinity of the lined wall and leads to define an effective lined wall impedance unique whatever the direction of the acoustic wave propagation. Both are suitably validated by means of experiments. Finally, with minors modification in the Myers boundary condition and the wave equation, it is shown that the general case of acoustic propagation through a lined duct with an arbitrary flow profile at low Mach number can be treated as a classical uniform mean flow problem.
Reconstruction of Nineteenth-Century Channel Patterns of Polish Carpathians Rivers from the Galicia and Bucovina Map (1861-1864)

Historical maps are often the only source of information allowing for the regional reconstructions of river channel patterns in the past. In the Polish Carpathians, analyses of historical channel patterns were performed mostly in river reaches scale. In this paper, the Galicia and Bucovina map (1861–1864) (the Second military survey of the Habsburg Empire) was used to reconstruct and map the historical channel patterns of seven rivers from the Polish Carpathians. It was found that, in the nineteenth century, rivers in the western part of the study area (Soła, Skawa, Raba, Dunajec) supported a multi-thread channel pattern, whereas rivers in the eastern part (Wisłoka, San, Wisłok) present a mostly single-thread channel pattern. These differences probably result from the higher relief energy and precipitation, lower proportions of forests in the catchments, and more frequent floods favouring high sediment supply to the fluvial system, and thus the formation of multi-thread reaches in the western part of the study area. At the local scale, the most important factor supporting multi-thread channel pattern development was the availability of gravel sediments in the wide valley floor sections. The formation of anabranching reaches with a single mid-channel form was probably associated with the channel avulsion process. There is no clear evidence linking the change in the channel pattern type with an abrupt change in the river channel slope. This study confirms the usefulness of the second military survey map of the Habsburg Empire for the regional reconstruction of river channel pattern types.
How Classroom Environment and General Grit Predict Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety of Chinese EFL Students

Interest in the role of learners’ personality, emotions and the learning environment in foreign language (FL) learning has grown exponentially in the past decade. The introduction of personality psychology in the field of applied linguistics has led to the inclusion of a set of personality dimensions in research designs like resilience and grit, which have been shown to be significant predictors of FL achievement. The abrupt emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 forced universities around the world to move their courses online, which has been named Emergency Remote Teaching. The sudden change in FL learning environment offers a unique opportunity to researchers to investigate whether the relationships between learners’ personality and classroom emotions in traditional ‘in-person’ classes, and the predictors of those emotions, also exist in the new online environments. The present study examined the foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) of Chinese secondary students at different instruction levels and its links with learner-internal and external factors, namely general grit and the classroom environment (CE) of the online English classes. A total of 1,526 Chinese secondary students completed an online questionnaire. Pearson correlation analyses and regression analyses revealed that general grit and CE predicted FLCA either independently or jointly. The findings are discussed and interpreted in the light of existing research on person-environment interaction. We identify avenues for further research and propose a number of pedagogical implications for optimizing online FL teaching.
Exploring the Way Hotel Students Select Internship Employers

This study developed and tested a model to explore the way hotel students select internship employers based on their perceived importance of the criteria for selecting internship employers, which is grounded in the expectancy theory and job choice framework. Drawing from a self-administered survey of 273 hotel management college students in Taiwan, the study used cluster analysis to generate four clusters of students, namely learning enthusiasts, social support seekers, brand seekers, and school followers. Chi-square tests showed that school followers generally do not have internship experience. Implications for educators and internship employers are discussed in the pa-per.