Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring psychological capital: Revision of the Compound Psychological Capital Scale (CPC-12)

This article provides information about the psychometric limitations of the original Compound Psychological Capital Scale (CPC-12) and suggests a revised version CPC-12R, a free-to-use measure of Psychological Capital. The investigation consisted of three studies: two of these identified psychometric limitations of the original scale, and the third presented the revised version of the scale. The first study did not confirm the hypothesized four-factor structure of the CPC-12 on a sample of Czech teachers (n = 282) and found psychometric limitations in the resilience subscale. The second study identified the same problem using secondary analyses of the original data from two samples of German employees (n = 202 and 321 respectively). The third study proposed a revised version of the scale with new items for resilience, and provided support for reliability and factorial validity of the new CPC-12R on a sample of Czech employees (n = 333). CPC-12R demonstrated a better fit to the theoretically supported model of Psychological Capital than CPC-12, and further displays adequate psychometric properties to be recommended for application in both research and practice.
Long-Term Follow-Up of a Lifestyle Intervention for Late-Midlife, Rural-Dwelling Latinos in Primary Care

Importance: Rural-dwelling Latinos are an underresourced population in need of accessible and effective wellness programs. Objective: To evaluate patients’ long-term health-related outcomes after lifestyle intervention. Design: An uncontrolled pilot trial assessing change in health from pretreatment to long-term follow-up (12 mo after intervention completion, no contact) and from posttreatment to long-term follow-up. Setting: Rural, community-based primary care. Participants: Latino and Hispanic safety-net primary care patients, ages 50 to 64 yr. Intervention: A culturally tailored, 4-mo lifestyle intervention co-led by occupational therapy practitioners and Latino community health workers that features telehealth and in-home sessions covering topics such as healthy eating and navigating health care. Outcomes and Measures: Self-reported and physiological outcomes: symptom–well-being (primary), stress, sleep disturbance, social satisfaction, physical activity, patient activation, blood pressure, and weight. Exit interviews addressed health experiences and intervention impact on participants’ lives. Results: Participants (N = 27) demonstrated clinically significant pretreatment to long-term follow-up benefits in all symptom–well-being dimensions (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.8, p ≤ .004), with additional gains from posttreatment to long-term follow-up (d ≥ 0.4, p ≤ .05). Significant improvements from pre- to posttreatment in systolic blood pressure, stress, and social role and activity satisfaction were maintained at long-term follow-up. No changes were observed in weight, physical activity, or diastolic blood pressure. Participants described the intervention’s sustained positive effect on their wellness. Conclusions and Relevance: A lifestyle intervention led by occupational therapy practitioners and community health workers in a primary care context has potential to achieve long-term health benefits in rural-dwelling, late-midlife Latinos. What This Article Adds: This study reveals that rural, late-midlife Latinos showed long-lasting improvements in psychological and physical health after finishing a program that helped them make healthy lifestyle choices. This finding supports the unique contribution of occupational therapy in primary care settings.
Direct neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells for spinal cord injury repair

Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically results in long‐lasting functional deficits, largely due to primary and secondary white matter damage at the site of injury. The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has shown promise for re‐establishing communications between separated regions of the spinal cord through the insertion of new neurons between the injured axons and target neurons. However, the inhibitory microenvironment that develops after SCI often causes endogenous and transplanted NSCs to differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons. Functional biomaterials have been shown to mitigate the effects of the adverse SCI microenvironment and promote the neuronal differentiation of NSCs. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of neuronal differentiation within the injury‐induced microenvironment would likely allow for the development of treatment strategies designed to promote the innate ability of NSCs to differentiate into neurons. The increased differentiation of neurons may contribute to relay formation, facilitating functional recovery after SCI. In this review, we summarize current strategies used to enhance the neuronal differentiation of NSCs through the reconstruction of the SCI microenvironment and to improve the intrinsic neuronal differentiation abilities of NSCs, which is significant for SCI repair.
Current Best Practice for Presenting Probabilities in Patient Decision Aids: Fundamental Principles

Background Shared decision making requires evidence to be conveyed to the patient in a way they can easily understand and compare. Patient decision aids facilitate this process. This article reviews the current evidence for how to present numerical probabilities within patient decision aids. Methods Following the 2013 review method, we assembled a group of 9 international experts on risk communication across Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We expanded the topics covered in the first review to reflect emerging areas of research. Groups of 2 to 3 authors reviewed the relevant literature based on their expertise and wrote each section before review by the full authorship team. Results Of 10 topics identified, we present 5 fundamental issues in this article. Although some topics resulted in clear guidance (presenting the chance an event will occur, addressing numerical skills), other topics (context/evaluative labels, conveying uncertainty, risk over time) continue to have evolving knowledge bases. We recommend presenting numbers over a set time period with a clear denominator, using consistent formats between outcomes and interventions to enable unbiased comparisons, and interpreting the numbers for the reader to meet the needs of varying numeracy. Discussion Understanding how different numerical formats can bias risk perception will help decision aid developers communicate risks in a balanced, comprehensible manner and avoid accidental “nudging” toward a particular option. Decisions between probability formats need to consider the available evidence and user skills. The review may be useful for other areas of science communication in which unbiased presentation of probabilities is important.
Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Before and After Attending a Mental Health Course

Abstract This study aims to compare the attitudes of nursing students in Jordan toward seeking professional psychological help, before and after taking part in a mental health course. A pretest-posttest design was used to assess the attitudes of 205 nursing students attending a state-run university in Zarqa City, Jordan. A significant difference was found in Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help subscales before and after the course, implying that it would be useful for policy makers to provide periodic comprehensive mental health education and courses for practicing health care providers.
A remarkable group of thick‐headed Triassic Period archosauromorphs with a wide, possibly Pangean distribution

The radiation of archosauromorph reptiles in the Triassic Period produced an unprecedented collection of diverse and disparate forms with a mix of varied ecologies and body sizes. Some of these forms were completely unique to the Triassic, whereas others were converged on by later members of Archosauromorpha. One of the most striking examples of this is with Triopticus primus, the early dome‐headed form later mimicked by pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs. Here we fully describe the cranial anatomy of Triopticus primus, but also recognize a second dome‐headed form from a Upper Triassic deposit in present‐day India. The new taxon, Kranosaura kuttyi gen. et sp. nov., is likely the sister taxon of Triopticus primus based on the presence of a greatly expanded skull roof with a deep dorsal opening (possibly the pineal opening) through the dome, similar cranial sculpturing, and a skull table that is expanded more posterior than the posterior extent of the basioccipital. However, the dome of Kranosaura kuttyi gen. et sp. nov. extends anterodorsally, unlike that of any other archosauromorph. Histological sections and computed tomographic reconstructions through the skull of Kranosaura kuttyi gen. et sp. nov. further reveal the uniqueness of the dome of these early archosauromorphs. Moreover, our integrated analysis further demonstrates that there are many ways to create a dome in Amniota. The presence of ‘dome‐headed’ archosauromorphs at two localities on the western and eastern portions of Pangea suggests that these archosauromorphs were widespread and are likely part of more assemblages than currently recognized.
Clostridium butyricum Alleviates Gut Microbiota Alteration–Induced Bone Loss after Bariatric Surgery by Promoting Bone Autophagy

Bariatric surgery is the most common and effective treatment of severe obesity; however, these bariatric procedures always result in detrimental effects on bone metabolism by underlying mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the skeletal response to bariatric surgery and to explore whether Clostridium butyricum alleviates gut microbiota alteration–induced bone loss after bariatric surgery. Consequently, male SD rats received Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery, respectively, followed by body weight recording. The bone loss after bariatric surgery was further determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-CT measurement, histologic analyses, and Western blot. Besides, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to determine the gut microbiota alteration after surgery, and intervention with fecal microbiota from RYGB donor was conducted in obese SD rats, followed by C. butyricum administration. Accordingly, rats in the RYGB and SG groups maintained sustained weight loss, and DXA and micro-CT measurement further demonstrated significant bone loss after bariatric surgery. Besides, histologic and Western blot analyses validated enhanced osteoclastogenesis and inhibited osteoblastogenesis and defective autophagy after surgery. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing suggested a significant alteration of gut microbiota composition in the RYGB group, and intervention with fecal microbiota from RYGB donor further determined that this kind of alteration contributed to the bone loss after RYGB. Meanwhile, C. butyricum might protect against this postoperative bone loss by promoting osteoblast autophagy. In summary, this study suggests novel mechanisms to clarify the skeletal response to bariatric surgery and provides a potential candidate for the treatment of bone disorder among bariatric patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The significance of this study is the discovery of obvious bone loss and defective autophagy after bariatric surgery. Besides, it is revealed that gut microbiota alterations could be the reason for impaired bone mass after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, Clostridium butyricum could alleviate the gut microbiota alteration–induced bone loss after bariatric surgery by promoting osteoblast autophagy.
Abrupt Late-onset Psychosis as a Presentation of Coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID-19): A Longitudinal Case Report

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 Coronavirus (SARS-2-CoV). Although most prominently associated with pulmonary manifestations, COVID-19 is increasingly implicated in neuropsychiatric complications, including delirium and psychosis. There is a potential causal link between COVID-19 infection and psychotic symptoms; however, case reports to date have been incomplete, as the patients described had known psychiatric histories or other plausible medical causes for altered mental status. We present a longitudinal case of COVID-19 psychosis in a patient who underwent comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. This case is a contribution to the inchoate characterization of neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Case Report: We present a case of late-onset psychosis in a middle-aged man with no psychiatric history who tested positive for COVID-19 on admission following a recently resolved upper respiratory illness. His acute presentation—characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thought and behavior, for which he required inpatient medical admission and subsequent inpatient psychiatric hospitalization—was successfully treated. During his hospitalization, he underwent comprehensive medical and neurological workup (including neuroimaging; electroencephalography; and serum and cerebrospinal fluid testing) that was grossly unremarkable. Discussion: Despite myriad potential causes of the patient’s psychosis, this patient’s diagnostic workup was largely unrevealing, apart from his nasopharyngeal SARS-2-CoV reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. As such, psychosis secondary to COVID-19 infection emerged as the presumptive diagnosis.
Sites for Cu ( II ) Stabilization in Wool Keratin

Light green copper(II)-wool samples prepared under conditions of pH < 5 have been treated for short periods at about pH 11.5. The color changes and the electron spin resonance spectra of these new samples are described. All observations are con sistent with the metal ion being transferred from the carboxylate binding sites of the light green complex to new ones involving nitrogen donor groups.
Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates vaginal atrophy in ovariectomized mice

Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a common menopause-related symptom affecting more than 50% of midlife and older women and cancer patients whose ovarian function are lost or damaged. Regardless of estrogen deficiency, whether other factors such as the gut microbiota play role in VVA have not been thoroughly investigated. To this end, we performed ovariectomy on 12-weeks’ old mice and follow-up at 4 weeks after ovariectomy, and observed atrophied vagina and an altered gut microbiota in ovariectomized mice. We further performed fecal microbiota transplantation with feces from another cohort of ovary-intact fecund female mice to the ovariectomized ones, and found that the vaginal epithelial atrophy was significantly alleviated as well as the gut microbiota was pointedly changed. All these results suggest that ovarian activity has some influence on the gut microbiota, and the latter from the ovary-intact female mice can somehow make the vagina of mice deficient in ovarian function healthier maybe by up-expressing ESR1 in vaginal cells and enhancing regeneration in vagina. This kind of association between gut microbiota and vaginal health need further exploration such that it may provide an alternative treatment by modulating gut microbiota in patients suffering from VVA but may be reluctant to hormone therapy.
Enhancement of Lead Uptake by Fenugreek Using EDTA and Glomus mosseae

The influence of Glomus mosseae supplemented with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on lead (Pb) uptake by Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) was studied under pot conditions in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial design with two AM treatments (G. mosseae inoculated and uninoculated), two EDTA concentrations (without and with 2.5 mmol EDTA kg−1), and five lead concentrations (0, 50, 100, 400, and 800 mg kg−1). A negative interaction was found between increasing lead concentration and G. mosseae. The plant dry matter and chlorophyll content was enhanced by G. mosseae whereas G. mosseae with EDTA showed the greatest root and shoot phosphorus (P) content. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid significantly enhanced lead concentration in the plant; however, at the same time it resulted in a slight decrease in the dry matter. However, when EDTA was applied along with G. mosseae, the deleterious effect of EDTA was overcome by the G. mosseae by promoting mineral uptake and plant growth, and hence metal accumulation also increased.
Characteristics of the severely impaired hand in survivors of stroke with chronic impairments

ABSTRACT Background Diminished sensorimotor control of the hand is one of the most common outcomes following stroke. This hand impairment substantially impacts overall function and quality of life; standard therapy often results in limited improvement. Mechanisms of dysfunction of the severely impaired post-stroke hand are still incompletely understood, thereby impeding the development of new targeted treatments. Objective To identify and determine potential relationships among the mechanisms responsible for hand impairment following stroke Methods This cohort study observed stroke survivors (n = 95) with severe, chronic hand impairment (Chedoke-McMaster Hand score = 2–3). Custom instrumentation created precise perturbations and measured kinematic responses. Muscle activation was recorded through electromyography. Strength, spasticity, muscle relaxation time, and muscle coactivation were quantified. Results Maximum grip strength in the paretic hand was only 12% of that achieved by the nonparetic hand, and only 6 of 95 participants were able to produce any net extension force. Despite force deficits, spastic reflex response of the finger flexor evoked by imposed stretch averaged 90.1 ± 26.8% of maximum voluntary activation, relaxation time averaged 3.8 ± 0.8 seconds, and coactivation during voluntary extension exceeded 30% of maximum contraction, thereby resulting in substantial net flexion. Surprisingly, these hypertonicity measures were not significantly correlated with each other. Conclusions Survivors of severe, chronic hemiparetic stroke experience profound weakness of both flexion and extension that arises from increased involuntary antagonist activation and decreased voluntary activation. The lack of correlation amongst hypertonicity measures suggests that these phenomena may arise from multiple, potentially independent mechanisms that could require different treatments.
A stochastic network-based model to simulate farm-level transmission of African swine fever virus in Vietnam

African swine fever virus is highly contagious, and mortality rates reach up to 100% depending on the host, virus dose, and the transmission routes. The main objective of this study was to develop a network-based simulation model for the farm-level transmission of ASF virus to evaluate the impact of changes in farm connectivity on ASF spread in Vietnam. A hypothetical population of 1,000 pig farms was created and used for the network-based simulation, where each farm represented a node, and the connection between farms represented an edge. The three scenarios modelled in this way (baseline, low, and high) evaluated the impact of connectivity on disease transmission. The median number of infected farms was higher as the connectivity increased (low: 659, baseline: 968 and high: 993). In addition, we evaluated the impact of the culling strategy on the number of infected farms. A total of four scenarios were simulated depending on the timing of culling after a farm was infected. We found that the timing of culling at 16, 12, 8, and 6 weeks had resulted in a reduction of the number of median infected farms by 81.92%, 91.63%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Finally, our evaluation of the implication of stability of ties between farms indicated that if the farms were to have the same trading partners for at least six months could significantly reduce the median number of infected farms to two (95th percentile: 413) than in the basic model. Our study showed that pig movements among farms had a significant influence on the transmission dynamics of ASF virus. In addition, we found that the either timing of culling, reduction in the number of trading partners each farm had, or decreased mean contact rate during the outbreaks were essential to prevent or stop further outbreaks.
Outpatient Palliative Care Practice for Cancer Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic: Benefits and Barriers of Using Telemedicine

The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the way outpatient palliative care providers deliver care for patients and their families. Operational changes such as the reduction of in-person care to minimize the risk of exposure is a way healthcare has adjusted to the pandemic. Our New York City-based outpatient palliative care practice is embedded in oncology. Adopting telemedicine was an essential tool to continue providing comprehensive palliative care to vulnerable oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe a case illustrating the benefits and barriers of telemedicine in the care of an oncology patient in the outpatient palliative care setting.
Dynamic behaviors and protection mechanisms of sulcata tortoise carapace

Abstract This paper presents the compressive behavior of tortoise carapace at high strain rates and its protection mechanisms under impact loading. Both experimental and numerical results are reported. Tortoise is a land-based desert-dwelling animal taxonomically classified in the order of Testudines. The carapace is the dome-shaped upper part of the tortoise shell that protects its body from predator attacks. The carapace structure is composed of four layers formed as a composite structure with a porous core. The outer surface is keratin scutes made of fibrous structural proteins. The remaining layers are bone-like materials which are dorsal cortex, cancellous interior and ventral cortex. The compressive behavior at high rate of deformation is examined using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique. The results shown in the stress-strain plot illustrate a strain-rate hardening effect. The impact test is conducted using a gas gun with 6.35-mm diameter steel bearing balls as projectiles. The responses of carapace sample under a range of impact velocities are investigated to analyze its protection mechanisms. The numerical model of impact test is created to obtain an insight into mechanical behaviors of the carapace structure that cannot be observed in the experiments. The strain rate dependent material model is defined based on the SHPB test results. The distributions of stress and rebound velocity are presented and discussed.
Homocysteine – from disease biomarker to disease prevention

We have reviewed the literature and have identified more than 100 diseases or conditions that are associated with raised concentrations of plasma total homocysteine. The commonest associations are with cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the central nervous system, but a large number of developmental and age‐related conditions are also associated. Few other disease biomarkers have so many associations. The clinical importance of these associations becomes especially relevant if lowering plasma total homocysteine by B vitamin treatment can prevent disease and so improve health. Five diseases can at least in part be prevented by lowering total homocysteine: neural tube defects, impaired childhood cognition, macular degeneration, primary stroke, and cognitive impairment in the elderly. We conclude from our review that total homocysteine values in adults of 10 μmol/L or below are probably safe, but that values of 11 μmol/L or above may justify intervention. Homocysteine is more than a disease biomarker: it is a guide for the prevention of disease.