Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioconversion of Waste Foolscap and Newspaper to Fermentable Sugar

The aim of this project work was to evaluate the effect of bacteria – Serratia in the enzymatic hydrolysis of Foolscap [FS] and Newspaper [NP] into fermentable or reducing sugars. The effect of temperature and hydrolysis time (number of days) on the extent of concentration of reducing sugar yield were assessed and quantified using Dinitrosalicylic acid test method (DNS). A proximate analysis was carried out on the substrate before hydrolysis. Alkaline pre-treatment using sodium hydroxide and deinking process for the removal of paper with ink for higher susceptibility of the substrate before the enzymatic hydrolysis were carried out. The temperature effect on the waste sample were analysed at 37°C, 40°C and 45°C for 7 days, it was observed that at 37°C, saccharification was higher than at 40°C and 45°C. The general observation was in that Serratia had a very good effect on the waste paper samples. A 3-D surface plot revealed that the yield of sugar increased along with the hydrolysis time (number of days), with Foolscap having the highest yield of about 21mg/ml. The comparative analysis shows that the highest yield was obtained at the temperature of 37°C, for both substrates used.
Characteristics and Kinetics of Huadian Oil Shale Pyrolysis via Non-isothermal Thermogravimetric and Gray Relational Analysis

ABSTRACT The pyrolysis of Huadian oil shale was carried out in a non-isothermal thermorgravimetric thermal analyzer system. The particle size (0.3–0.45 mm, 0.2–0.3 mm, 0.15–0.2 mm, 0.088–0.15 mm, 0.075–0.088 mm, and <0.075 mm), heating rate (5, 10, 20, and 50℃ min−1), and specimen mass (approximately 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg) were considered to study the effects which caused by mass and heat transfer limitations. The kinetic parameters were determined using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Friedman, and Coats-Redfern method combining the Avrami-Erofeev AE2 kinetic model. And the gray relational analysis method was employed to investigate the influence of particle size, heating rate, and specimen mass on the pyrolysis behavior as well as kinetic parameter. It is showed that, in the second stage, average activation energy of Huadian oil shale was 225 ± 7 KJ mol−1, 240 ± 6.5 KJ mol−1, and 244 ± 21.5 KJ mol−1, calculated by KAS, Friedman, and Coats-Redfern-Avrami-Erofeev method, respectively, indicating that the second stage can be modeled by Avrami-Erofeev AE2 equation. The order of the gray relational grade showed that the particle size, heating rate, and specimen mass exhibit a noticeable relevance to pyrolysis behavior of Huadian oil shale. The heating rate has a significant effect on both the product release rate and average activation energy. The particle size has the least effect on the product release rate, while specimen mass has the least influence on the average activation energy.
Okul Öncesi Eğitiminde Fen Eğitimi Temelinde Gerçekleştirilen STEM Uygulamalarının Öğrenci, Öğretmen ve Veli Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

STEM is an educational approach that consists of the initials of the Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics words. Thanks to STEM education, the students’ science and mathematics knowledge transform into products through the engineering applications. STEM education is being applied in the context of the Next Generation Science Standards with engineering design and interdisciplinary applications in K-12 levels in the United States. This research was carried out in order to evaluate STEM applications in pre-school education in terms of students, teachers and parents. As a research model, case study was used from qualitative research models. The research was carried out with a total 20 students including 9 boys and 11 girls participating in the pre-school 5-year-old group during 8 weeks. The Interview Form for Activity Evaluation, Teacher Observation Form and Parent Observation Form were used as data collection tools. In all forms applied, questions about the process were included. As a result, it has been found that STEM applications in pre-school education provide students to achieve 21st Century skills such as creativity, critical thinking, cooperation and communication with science and mathematics achievements. Views from teachers and parents confirm the views of students.
Cognitive solfege: Neuromotricity and executive functions. 2-99 años

El solfeo cognitivo es una herramienta de aprendizaje ritmico-melodico que rompe radicalmente con el aprendizaje clasico de la lectura musical. El solfeo cognitivo ofrece todo un programa de aprendizaje musical focalizado en la pregrafia, prelectura, entonacion y primera ejecucion instrumental fuera del aprendizaje decimononico. Para ello su estrategia educativa no se articula mediante lapiz y papel escribiendo el nombre y el valor de las notas, etc. Bapne rompe con todo ello y por esa razon ensena a traves del empleo de cuerdas, plumas, mazas, palos, conos, pelotas y de percusion corporal. Las actividades estan basadas en la neuromotricidad cuyo objetivo a traves de un aprendizaje simbolico conseguimos que el alumnado desarrolle y aprenda conceptos como precision ritmica, pulso, metro, control motor, etc de forma vivencial y sobre todo de forma no teorica ni basada en el aprendizaje racional y sedentario. El diseno de las actividades se articulan mediante la estimulacion de las funciones cognitivas y sobre todo de las "funciones ejecutivas". Para ello, todas las actividades disenadas requieren de diversos tipos de atencion, control de impulsos, memoria de trabajo, toma de decisiones, flexibilidad cognitiva, praxias, etc. Uno de los aspectos mas importantes a tener en cuenta es que la metodologia no emplea en su aprendizaje el uso de terminos como compas, el nombre de las notas o conceptos musicales especificos. El aprendizaje es vivencial, completamente practico, intuitivo, ludico y emocionante. El aprendizaje del Solfeo Cognitivo va apoyado de varios manuales que detallan su aprendizaje secuencial pero que requieren de explicacion presencial para entender su correcta aplicacion. El Solfeo Cognitivo es un area de especializacion perteneciente al metodo BAPNE que se aprende de manera introductoria en el Posgrado II o como especialidad avanzada despues del MASTER TRIENAL.
Effects of Chloroprocta sp. maggot filtrates on extracellular matrix reduction and embedded Staphylococcus epidermidis viability (HASIL TURNITIN)

Aims: The objective of the study was to analyze the activity of local maggot filtrates from Chloroprocta sp. green flies in diminishing the embedded Staphylococcus epidermidis viability through destruction (reduction) of the biofilm of extracellular matrix and analyzes the precence of protease, a compound of maggot filtrates. Methodology and results: A microtiter plate biofilm assay with crystal violet staining was used to measure the effects of various maggots filtrates concentrations on the S. epidermidis biofilm matrix reduction. Maggot filtrates reduced the biofilm extracellular matrix of both S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 and ATCC 35983 significantly up to 80% (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy which was performed to confirm the reduction effects indicated in line with the results. Both embedded S. epidermidis strains viability was meassured by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Embedded cells viability decreased significantly by up to 50% (P < 0.05) after 3 h and 24 h at the different concentrations. Finally, there were very strong and significant correlations (r = 1, P < 0.0001) between biofilm reduction and embedded cells viability of both strains. Furthermore, Chloroprocta sp. maggot filtrates containing gelatinase, a protease enzyme metalloproteinase classes, with the protein content is 358 μg/mL and protease activity of 3.3 U/mg. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Chloroprocta sp. maggot filtrates, containing gelatinase, has an antibacterial activity that increase the reduction of the extracellular matrix and decrease the viability of embedded S. epidermidis. These results may have the implications in therapeutic fields in the future.
Fast diffusion path for water in silica glass

Abstract Diffusion experiments of 2H2O at 900–750 °C and water vapor pressure of 50 bar found diffusion of water in SiO2 glass more than one order of magnitude faster than that reported previously. The fast diffusion profile of water was observed as an extended tail of the normal water diffusion profile by a line scan analysis with SIMS, and it can be fitted with a diffusion model with a constant diffusivity. The obtained fast diffusion coefficient suggests that the diffusion species responsible for the fast diffusion is not molecular hydrogen but molecular water. The diffusivity and activation energy for the fast water diffusion can be explained by the correlation between diffusivities of noble gases in silica glass and their sizes. Because noble gases diffuse through free volume in the glass structure, we conclude that molecular water can also diffuse through the free volume. The abundance of free volume in the silica glass structure estimated previously is higher than that of 2H observed in the fast diffusion in this study, suggesting that the free volume was not fully occupied by 2H2O under the present experimental condition. This implies that the contribution of the fast water diffusion to the total water transport in volcanic glass becomes larger under higher water vapor pressure conditions.
On a Recurrence Relation Related to The Reve’s Puzzle

The 4-peg Tower of Hanoi problem, commonly known as the Reve’s puzzle, is well-known. Motivated by the optimality equation satisfied by the optimal value function M(n) satisfied in case of the Reve’s puzzle, (Matsuura et al. 2008) posed the following generalized recurrence relation T(n, a) = min {aT(n-t, a)+S(t,3)} 1≤ t ≤ n where n ≥ 1 and a ≥ 2 are integers, and S(t, 3) = 2t – 1 is the solution of the 3-peg Tower of Hanoi problem with t discs. Some local-value relationships are satisfied by T(n, a) (Majumdar et al. 2016). This paper studies the properties of T(n+1, a) – T(n, a) more closely for the case when a is an integer not of the form 2i for any integer i ≥ 2. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 191-199, 2018
RADIATION-INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECTS (RIBE) IN DBTRG-05MG HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS

This study aims to investigate the radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells. The cells were exposed to 6 MV photon beam in single exposure with radiation doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy. The RIBE were quantified by using irradiated cells’ culture media transferred to non-irradiated bystander cells 1 hour post-irradiation. Cells viability was measured using PrestoBlue assay after 24 and 48 hours. Meanwhile, the cell survivals of the bystander cells were determined using clonogenic assay. Cell viability of the bystander cells which received irradiated conditioned media from target cells and bystander cells which received media from sham-irradiated target cells shows no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, the cells survivals are found to decrease around 31.16% at dose of 4 Gy which suggest the presence of RIBE responses. The cell survival results demonstrated the possible RIBE responses in bystander cells which received medium transfer from irradiated cells. Our current data conclude that RIBE is important factors that need to be considered in radiation therapy.
Aerosol effects on deep convection: the propagation of aerosol perturbations through convective cloud microphysics

Abstract. The impact of aerosols on ice- and mixed-phase processes in deep convective clouds remains highly uncertain, and the wide range of interacting microphysical processes is still poorly understood. To understand these processes, we analyse diagnostic output of all individual microphysical process rates for two bulk microphysics schemes in the Weather and Research Forecasting model (WRF). We investigate the response of individual processes to changes in aerosol conditions and the propagation of perturbations through the microphysics all the way to the macrophysical development of the convective clouds. We perform simulations for two different cases of idealised supercells using two double-moment bulk microphysics schemes and a bin microphysics scheme. The simulations cover a comprehensive range of values for cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration as a proxy for aerosol effects on convective clouds. We have developed a new cloud tracking algorithm to analyse the morphology and time evolution of individually tracked convective cells in the simulations and their response to the aerosol perturbations. This analysis confirms an expected decrease in warm rain formation processes due to autoconversion and accretion for more polluted conditions. There is no evidence of a significant increase in the total amount of latent heat, as changes to the individual components of the integrated latent heating in the cloud compensate each other. The latent heating from freezing and riming processes is shifted to a higher altitude in the cloud, but there is no significant change to the integrated latent heat from freezing. Different choices in the treatment of deposition and sublimation processes between the microphysics schemes lead to strong differences including feedbacks onto condensation and evaporation. These changes in the microphysical processes explain some of the response in cloud mass and the altitude of the cloud centre of gravity. However, there remain some contrasts in the development of the bulk cloud parameters between the microphysics schemes and the two simulated cases.
Effects of Aqua-gas Drying Conditions on Functional Components and Antioxidant Activities in Egoma (Perilla frutescens (L.) Bitt. var. frutescens) Leaves

Aqua-gas (AQG; superheated steam containing micro-droplets of hot water) was developed as a pretreatment technology before primary processing, such as sterilization, without sacrificing the material yield and maintaining qualities such as functionality. Its application to drying treatment, however, had yet to be studied. In this study, we examined its applicability to drying treatment of egoma ( Perilla frutescens (L.) Bitt. var. frutescens ) leaves. Results revealed that when egoma leaves were treated with AQG, they underwent a drying process that progressed with time, as was the case for treatment with superheated steam (SHS). AQG treatment produced dried leaves with a final wet weight-based water content of <10 %. We then investigated the effects of different drying methods on functional components in egoma leaves, and found that such components (e.g., α-linolenic and rosmarinic acids) were preserved during treatment with AQG, or AQG followed by SHS, at levels comparable to those by freeze drying (FD). In contrast, rosmarinic acid content was reduced after drying with SHS alone or hot air drying (HAD). In addition, egoma leaves were successfully sterilized by treatment with AQG, SHS, or AQG followed by SHS, or by steaming followed by HAD. Common bacteria remained viable after HAD treatment. Moreover, egoma leaves dried with AQG, AQG followed by SHS, or steaming followed by HAD had significantly higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity than the FD-treated product. In contrast, such activity was reduced after HAD. In addition, radical-scavenging activity correlated well with total soluble polyphenol content and polyphenol oxidase activity. These results suggest that AQG treatment shows promise as an efficient approach to completing the multiple steps generally required for drying leafy vegetables (blanching, drying, and sterilization) in one step, while preserving functional components.
Physiological Maturity of Corn Seeds (Zea mays) by Tetrazolium Salt

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of tetrazolium salt testing to common indicators (milk line, black layer, dry matter) used to determine corn seed physiological maturity. The seeds used were the hybrids Pioneer 4285 and Dow 2B587. These hybrids were harvested 40 days after polinization (DAP), with 4-day intervals until 68 DAP. The harvested seeds were evaluated for viability and vigor (germination test, accelerated aging test and cold test). The parameters used to determine the physiological seed’s maturity were the black layer, the milk line, the seed dry matter, seed water content and the evaluation of seed tissues using the tetrazolium salt to evaluate the endosperm cells. The germination of both materials was greater than 95% and there was no difference between harvest times. Corn seed physiological maturity (PM) was identified at 56 DAP for P4285 (F2) and between 48 and 56 DAP for 2B587 (F2). The maximum vigor was detected by accelerated aging tests and cold tests before PM for the two genotypes. The activity of endosperm cells is related to the other PM indicators (milk line, black layer, dry matter and water content). The transport of nutrients from plant to the seed ceases at seed physiological maturity. Use of tetrazolium salt allows identifying cell death of the basal region and this parameter corresponds to the others evaluated, thus demonstrating that the tetrazolium salt is effective for corn seed physiological maturity characterization.
Generation of ZnO nanoparticles for long-term exposure experiments

Abstract A method of continual ZnO nanoparticle (NP) generation was tested for use in follow-up long-term inhalation exposure experiments with small laboratory animals. NPs were synthesized in an externally heated tube reactor by the evaporation of metallic zinc into a stream of nitrogen carrier gas, followed by the oxidation of zinc vapor in a stream of air and the formation of NPs by a chemical vapor condensation method. The NP production was studied at various evaporation temperatures, reactor flow rates and flow rates of mixing air. Particle generation for more than 100 h in two experimental runs with one batch of the zinc precursor was performed without a considerable decrease in the particle production rate. As a result, particle production with a number concentration much greater than 1.0 107 #/cm3, a mean particle/agglomerate size well below 50 nm and an emission rate greater than 5 μg/min was obtained under most of the investigated experimental conditions. A maximum emission rate of 16.3 μg/min was obtained at an evaporation temperature of 530 °C, a reactor flow rate of 800 cm3/min and a mixing flow rate of 2000 cm3/min and could be further increased by an increase in the evaporation temperature. The particle characteristics were studied, and estimates of the lung surface deposition area were calculated on the basis of the model developed by the International Commission of Radiological Protection. Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research
Biofuel Synthesis from Sorbitol by Aqueous Phase Hydrodeoxygenation over Bifunctional Catalysts: In-depth Study of the Ru–Pt/SiO2–Al2O3 Catalytic System

The catalytic performances of Ru–Pt/SiO2–Al2O3 catalysts synthetized by three methods (co-impregnation (CI), successive impregnations (SI) and redox deposition (CR)) were compared for their sorbitol transformation to hexane under hydrothermal conditions. The existence of Pt–Ru interaction was demonstrated by TEM-EDX only on SI and CR samples, with a PtRu alloy suspected by XRD and XPS. The chemical nature of the Ru species differed according to the synthesis method with the presence of Ru4+ species on SI–(Ru–Pt) and CR catalysts. The SI–(Ru–Pt)/SiO2–Al2O3 system displayed the best metal–acid function balance leading to the highest selectivity to hexane. The study of the reactivity of isosorbide and 2,5-dimethylfuran intermediates highlighted that the first one was poorly reactive compared to the second one, and the latter was selectively convertible to hexane. The synergy effect on SI– (Ru–Pt)/SiO2–Al2O3 catalyst was attributed to the presence of small-sized bimetallic particles favoring an electronic exchange from Ru to Pt, and increasing the formation of 2,5-dimethylfuran.
Discriminating Organic and Conventional Coffee Production Systems Through Soil and Foliar Analysis Using Multivariate Approach

ABSTRACT This study tested the hypothesis that evaluating soil and leaf nutrient contents is useful to discriminate organic and conventional management systems of coffee plantations. The study consisted of areas planted with Coffea arabica under organic or conventional management located in Espírito Santo, Brazil. We detected significant differences between both management systems when we utilized multivariate statistics to discriminate the areas. In our experiments, the principal mineral leaf nutrients, which acted as indicators were phosphor (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn), with higher contents in the organic coffee production system. The only mineral nutrient, which showed significantly lower values in leaves as well as in soil of organic coffee is boron (B). The implications of these findings are discussed. However, when using univariate statistics, like ANOVA or t-test, we did not find any significant difference between both management systems, although using the same dataset. Therefore, to discriminate between complex systems, we always recommend to recur to multivariate methodologies that are more adequate for such cases.
Noise exposure levels and health implications on daily road side petty traders at some major roundabouts in Ibadan, Nigeria

The level of noise exposure to daily road side traders at five major roundabouts in Ibadan metropolis was assessed. Noise measurements were made using a precision multi-function sound level meter. Measurements were made at three different periods of the day; morning (7:30 to 11:30 a.m.), afternoon (12:00 to 3:00 p.m.) and evening (4:00 to 5.00 p.m.) for a consecutive period of ten days. The highest mean maximum noise levels of 87.19 dBA (evening), 87.14 dBA (morning) and 87.35 dBA (afternoon) were obtained at Ojo, Iwo road and Dugbe roundabouts respectively while all the lowest mean minimum noise level for the periods of measurements were obtained at Sango roundabout. The results obtained were within the safe recommended 90 dBA for an 8 h exposure noise level by Occupational Safety and Health Administration. However, longer periods beyond 8 h may portend deleterious acoustic effects to these traders given the peculiar nature of the daily road side business activities and also being close to sources of noise from vehicles at these roundabouts Key words: Noise exposure level, roundabout, noise health effects, road side petty traders.