Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Age, growth and mortality of painted comber, Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Trogir Bay area (eastern mid‐Adriatic)

Summary Population dynamics of 1482 specimens of painted comber, Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), caught in the Trogir Bay area (eastern mid-Adriatic) from June 2001 to May 2002 were studied to provide information on age, growth, length–weight relationship, mortality and exploitation rate of the species’ stock. Annuli on otholiths indicated the presence of seven age-classes. Obtained von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L∞ = 30.36 cm, K = 0.192 year−1 and t0 = −0.366.
Interleukin‐1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor‐κB are induced in morphologically distinct microglia after rat hippocampal lipopolysaccharide/interferon‐γ injection

In a number of pathological states of the brain, the activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a major role. Interleukin (IL)‐1β is believed to be an essential factor in the induction of iNOS. However, little is known about the cascade of events culminating in iNOS expression in vivo. To identify the morphological as well as temporal relationship of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) ‐induced microglial iNOS‐ and IL‐1β expression, a mixture of LPS and IFN‐γ was injected into the rat hippocampus. IL‐1β immunoreactivity was detected as early as 3 hr following surgery in ramified microglia in the lesioned hippocampus and in distal cortical layers adjacent to the pia mater. By 12 hr post‐injection, IL‐1β immunoreactive, ramified microglia with swollen processes were widely distributed throughout hippocampal and neocortical areas, and staining was observed up to 48 hr after treatment. In contrast, iNOS immunostaining was seen in activated amoeboid microglia/macrophages in the ipsilateral hippocampus and around blood vessels but not earlier than 12 hr post‐surgery. The temporal pattern of iNOS and IL‐1β expression corresponded to newly induced transcriptional activity as revealed by RT‐PCR. Activation of NF‐κB was restricted to brain regions in which IL‐1β was expressed and was detected both in microglia and astrocytes. A number of LPS/IFN‐γ‐stimulated, IL‐1β‐expressing microglia exhibited co‐staining for activated NF‐κB. The finding that IL‐1β precedes iNOS expression is consistant with a role of IL‐1β in the intercellular signaling events leading to microglial iNOS‐induction. Co‐localization of IL‐1β and NF‐κB suggests an association between IL‐1β and NF‐κB induction. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:388–398, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transversely isotropic elastic properties of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes under a thermal environment

The temperature-dependent transversely isotropic elastic properties of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes (MWBNNTs) were determined using molecular dynamics simulations with a three-body Tersoff potential force field. These elastic properties were calculated by applying the four different loading conditions on MWBNNTs: uniaxial tension, torsional moment, in-plane biaxial tension and in-plane shear. The effect of chirality, number of layers and aspect ratio (AR) were taken into consideration. The results reveal that the elastic constants of MWBNNTs decrease as their number of layers increase. The elastic moduli of MWBNNTs do not depend on the AR, but are a function of chirality. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the transversely isotropic elastic constants of MWBNNTs was studied. Higher temperature considerably affects the mechanical properties of MWBNNTs. For instance, the reduction in the values of axial Young’s, longitudinal shear, plane-strain bulk and in-plane shear moduli of MWBNNTs was found to be by approximately 10% due to the increase in temperature. The results reveal that the mechanical properties and failure behavior of MWBNNTs significantly depend on the number of layers, chirality and temperature. The finding of this work can be utilized for engineering MWBNNT-based advanced nanocomposite structures for specific application under thermal environment.
Associations of depressive rumination and positive affect regulation with emotional distress after the death of a loved one

Abstract The death of a loved one may precipitate symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Brooding about the causes and consequences of one's negative affect (NA), also termed depressive rumination, has been linked to distress after loss. The role of dysregulation of positive affect (PA) has received less attention. We examined (1) the factor structure of depressive rumination and PA dysregulation and (2) to what extent these factors were related to PGD, PTSD and depression symptom levels. Self‐report data were included from 235 Dutch bereaved people who completed measures tapping symptoms of PGD, PTSD and depression. Depressive rumination and PA regulation strategies were assessed with the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) Brooding Scale and the Response to Positive Affect (RPA) Questionnaire (including three subscales: emotion‐focused and self‐focused rumination and dampening), respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modelling were used for data analyses. The four‐factor model (i.e., depressive rumination and the three RPA subscales) showed the best fit. An increase in depressive rumination was related to higher distress levels (across all outcomes in univariate and multivariate analyses). An increase in emotion‐focused rumination about PA was associated with less depression. More dampening of PA was related to higher PTSD levels. Findings suggest that, alongside the regulation of NA, the regulation of PA plays a role in how people respond to the death of a loved one. This points to the need for more research on NA and PA regulation in grief.
Sero-surveillance of measles amongst vaccinated and non-vaccinated children: An age stratified population based survey in Pakistan

Measles is one of the most contagious human diseases; it remains a leading cause of death among young children and its elimination is one of the major global public health priorities. It is estimated that in year 2008 approximately 100,000 deaths in children aged less than 5 years was attributable to measles. The increase in measles vaccination coverage in the developing world has produced significant changes in the epidemiology of the infection. The present age stratified cross sectional survey was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan and its adjoining areas during January to June, 2009 to determine the measles protective titre in children of 1 to 15 years. 927 blood samples of children were collected to ascertain the measles antibodies by ELISA assay. 588 were males and 339 were female (p = 0.001). Measles IgG antibodies sero-positive ratio in children among examined population was 741 (79.9%), sero-negative 174 (18.77%) (p = 0.001). Out of 174 seronegative children, 135 (14.5%) were vaccinated while 39 (4.20%) children were non-vaccinated. The children were divided into three groups, that is, 1 to 5 years (pre school age), 6 to 10 years (primary school group) and 11 to 15 years (secondary school going children). Sero-positive antibodies percentage increased age. Measles IgG antibodies ratio is higher in male children as compared to female. Sero-surveillances should be conducted at regional and provincial levels to assess the actual level of protective titre throughout the country and to evaluate the country’s vaccination program. The routine coverage of immunization should also increase from 80 to 100%.
Bioactivity-Guided Identification of Anti-Adipogenic Isothiocyanates in the Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Seed and Investigation of the Structure-Activity Relationship

Due to the side effects of obesity medications, many studies have focused on the natural products used in the daily diet to control weight. Moringa seed pods and leaves are widely used as vegetables or diet supplements due to the high nutrition value. However, no bioactivity-guided anti-adipogenic study was previously conducted. Therefore, a preadipocyte cell line was adopted as the bioactivity assay to identify the anti-adipogenic compounds in the peeled Moringa seed. Two known sulphur-containing compounds (1 and 2) were isolated and identified. Compound 2, 4-(α-l-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate, showed a great anti-adipogneic effect with an IC50 value of 9.2 μg/mL. The isothiocyanate (ITC) group in compound 2 could be responsible for the inhibitory activity. In addition, a series of compounds with the ITC group were used to further investigate the structure-activity relationship, indicating foods containing ITC derivatives have the potential of being used to control weight.
A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF DURVILLAEA (PHAEOPHYTA)1

The genus Durvillaea currently has four recognized species found along many exposed, rocky coastlines of the temperate to sub‐Antarctic regions in the Southern Hemisphere. We propose that the current species distributions are related primarily to vicariance events and subsequent speciation associated with the breakup of Gondwana between 40 and 100 Ma. From an ancestral species, a stipitate species developed in the Tasman basin, with separation and speciation resulting in the D. potatorum/ D. willana complex in southeastern Australia and New Zealand. A second line of evolution led to D. chathamensis and D. antarctica characterized by a honeycombed medulla. The extensive distribution of D. antarctica throughout the Southern Hemisphere is related to both vicariance and dispersal events. The status of D. chathamensis as a species distinct from D. antarctica is questioned. The affinities of an as yet undescribed taxon from the Antipodes Islands are thought to be with the D. potatorum complex but require further study before they can be defined more precisely.
COVID-19 Outbreak in North Italy: An Overview on Dentistry. A Questionnaire Survey

This survey assessed the symptoms/signs, protective measures, awareness, and perception levels regarding COVID-19 among dentists in Lombardy, Italy. Moreover, an analysis of the answers gathered in areas with different prevalence of the disease was carried out. All Lombardy’s dentists were sent an online ad hoc questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into four domains: personal data, precautionary measures (before patient arrival; in the waiting room; in the operating room), awareness, and perception. Three thousand five hundred ninety-nine questionnaires were analyzed. Five hundred two (14.43%) participants had suffered one or more symptoms referable to COVID-19. Thirty-one subjects were positive to the virus SARS-CoV-2 and 16 subjects developed the disease. Only a small number of dentists (n = 72, 2.00%) were confident of avoiding infection; dentists working in low COVID-19 prevalence areas were more confident than those working in the Milan area and high prevalence area (61.24%, 61.23%, and 64.29%, p < 0.01 respectively). The level of awareness was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the Milan area (71.82%) than in the other areas. This survey demonstrated that dentists in the COVID-19 highest prevalence area, albeit reported to have more symptoms/signs than the rest of the sample, were the ones who adopted several precautionary measures less frequently and were the more confident of avoiding infection.
Assessing the validity of the Self versus other interest implicit association test

There is great variability in the ways that humans treat one another, ranging from extreme compassion (e.g., philanthropy, organ donation) to self-interested cruelty (e.g., theft, murder). What underlies and explains this variability? Past research has primarily examined human prosociality using explicit self-report scales, which are susceptible to self-presentation biases. However, these concerns can be alleviated with the use of implicit attitude tests that assess automatic associations. Here, we introduce and assess the validity of a new test of implicit prosociality–the Self versus Other Interest Implicit Association Test (SOI-IAT)–administered to two samples in pre-registered studies: regular blood donors (Study 1; N = 153) and a nationally representative sample of Americans (Study 2; N = 467). To assess validity, we investigated whether SOI-IAT scores were correlated with explicit measures of prosociality within each sample and compared SOI-IAT scores of the control sample (representative sample of Americans) with the prosocial sample (blood donors). While SOI-IAT scores were higher in the prosocial blood donor sample, SOI-IAT scores were generally uncorrelated with explicit measures and actual prosocial behaviour. Thus, the SOI-IAT may be able to detect group differences in everyday prosociality, but future testing is needed for a more robust validation of the SOI-IAT. These unexpected findings underscore the importance of sharing null and mixed results to fill gaps in the scientific record and highlight the challenges of conducting research on implicit processes.
Survival of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis in infected tomato stems under natural field conditions in California, Ohio and Morocco

The survival and half-life of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (C. michiganensis), the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, were determined in infected plant debris under natural field conditions in California, Ohio and Morocco using a semiselective agar medium. The organism survived significantly longer in tomato stems left on the soil surface than in stems buried in the soil at all locations studied. The pathogen was recovered in high amounts from tomato stems left on the soil surface for 314 days in Ohio and California, USA, and for 194 and 132 days in Melk Zhar and Ait Melloul, Morocco, respectively; it was recovered from stems buried in the soil for up to 314 days in Ohio, up to 240 days in California, and up to 60 days in Ait Melloul and Melk Zhar. The half-life of the pathogen in stems left on the soil surface ranged from 23·2 to 24·8 days in the USA, and from 7·8 to 12·3 days in Morocco, whereas the half-life in buried stems ranged from 14·0 to 16·7 days in the USA and from 3·7 to 9·5 days in Morocco. Based on the half-life data, the predicted survival times of C. michiganensis in stems on the soil surface in Ohio, California, Melk Zhar and Ait Melloul would be up to 822, 770, 424 and 261 days, respectively, while the predicted survival times in stems buried in the soil would be 541, 497, 305 and 128 days, respectively. These results show that the survival and half-life of C. michiganensis in plant debris are relatively long and are influenced by both tissue exposure and geographic location.
Differences in Response to Hypoxia in the Three-Spined Stickleback from Lotic and Lentic Localities: Dominance and an Anaerobic Metabolite

Dominance hierarchies of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from river and pond populations were subjected to hypoxia (20%, range ± 1%). Under hypoxia, the hierarchies were less stable in terms of rank position and tissue L-lactate was higher in river fish than pond fish under normoxia and hypoxia. Dominant fish gained mass under normoxia but lost mass under hypoxic conditions possibly due to them maintaining high levels of aggression.
Complications in the treatment of prosthetic joint infection.

AIMS Two-stage exchange arthroplasty is the most common definitive treatment for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the USA. Complications that occur during treatment are often not considered. The purpose of this study was to analyze complications in patients undergoing two-stage exchange for infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and determine when they occur. METHODS We analyzed all patients that underwent two-stage exchange arthroplasty for treatment of PJI of the knee from January 2010 to December 2018 at a single institution. We categorized complications as medical versus surgical. The intervals for complications were divided into: interstage; early post-reimplantation (three months); and late post-reimplantation (three months to minimum one year). Minimum follow-up was one year. In total, 134 patients underwent a first stage of a two-stage exchange. There were 69 males and 65 females with an mean age at first stage surgery of 67 years (37 to 89). Success was based on the new Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) definition of success reporting. RESULTS Overall, 70 (52%) patients experienced a complication during the planned two-stage treatment, 36 patients (27%) experienced a medical complication and 47 (41%) patients experienced a surgical complication. There was an 18% mortality rate (24/134) at a mean of 3.7 years (0.09 to 8.3). During the inter-stage period, 28% (37/134) of patients experienced a total of 50 complications at a median of 47 days (interquartile range (IQR) 18 to 139). Of these 50 complications, 22 were medical and 28 required surgery. During this inter-stage period, four patients died (3%) and an additional five patients (4%) failed to progress to the second stage. While 93% of patients (125/134) were reimplanted, only 56% (77/134) of the patients were successfully treated without antibiotic suppression (36%, 28/77) or with antibiotic suppression (19%, 15/77) at one year. CONCLUSION Reported rates of success of two stage exchanges for PJI have not traditionally considered complications in the definition of success. In our series, significant numbers of patients experienced complications, more often after reimplantation, highlighting the morbidity of this method of treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6 Supple A):145-150.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of infection

ABSTRACT Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects almost every organ system and it is treated with immunomodulation and immunosuppression. SLE patients have an intrinsically dysfunctional immune system which is exacerbated by disease activity and leaves them vulnerable to infection. Treatment with immunosuppression increases susceptibility to infection, while hydroxychloroquine use decreases this risk. Infectious diseases are a leading cause of hospitalization and death. Areas covered This narrative review provides an overview of recent epidemiology and predictors of infections in SLE, delineates the risk of infection by therapeutic agent, and provides suggestions for risk mitigation. Articles were selected from Pubmed searches conducted between September 2019 and January 2020. Expert opinion Despite the large burden of infection, effective and safe preventative care such as universal hydroxychloroquine use and vaccination are underutilized. Future efforts should be directed to quality improvement, glucocorticoid reduction, and validation of risk indices that identify patients at the highest risk of infection.
Blood Pressure Management Following Large Vessel Occlusion Strokes: A Narrative Review

Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy comprise the two major treatments for acute ischemic stroke. Tissue plasminogen activator has been used for more than two decades and guidelines for hemodynamic management following tissue plasminogen activator administration are well established. However, mechanical thrombectomy is a relatively newer therapy and there is a paucity of evidence regarding hemodynamic management following large vessel occlusion strokes. The important tenets guiding the pathophysiology of large vessel occlusion strokes include understanding of cerebral autoregulation, collateral circulation, and blood pressure variability. In this narrative review, we discuss the current American Heart Association-American Stroke Association guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke during different phases of the illness, encountered at different sections of a hospital including the emergency room, the neuro-interventional suite, and the intensive care unit. There is emerging evidence with regard to post-recanalization blood pressure management following large vessel occlusion strokes. Future research directions will include real-time blood pressure variability assessments, identifying the extent of impaired autoregulation, and providing guidelines related to range and personalized blood pressure trajectories for patients following large vessel occlusion strokes.
Walking the talk: understanding how language barriers affect the delivery of rehabilitation services

Abstract Purpose Individuals who lack proficiency in the dominant language of their region experience difficulty accessing healthcare and exhibit poorer health outcomes. Utilization of professional interpreters can improve health services and outcomes for this population. Most existing studies focus on medical settings, with very little research about language barriers in rehabilitation services such as occupational and physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of English-speaking rehabilitation clinicians working with limited English proficient (LEP) patients, as well as LEP patients receiving rehabilitation services. Methods A qualitative study was conducted involving four focus groups with seven Spanish-speaking patients and 13 primarily English-speaking occupational and physical therapy clinicians. Transcripts and field notes were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results Time and resource constraints, session demands, environmental factors, previous experiences, and patient characteristics influenced clinicians’ decisions about whether to use professional interpretation, rely on untrained interpreters, or go without interpretation. Clinicians discussed both challenges and joys of working across language barriers. Patients reported minimal experiences with, and expectations of professional interpretation in rehabilitation, instead describing clinicians’ attempts to “get by” with limited non-English language skills. Conclusions Findings highlight unique considerations for language access in rehabilitation compared with other settings. These findings inform structural, process, and outcomes recommendations and changes in practice guidelines to improve language access in rehabilitation services. Implications for Rehabilitation Rehabilitation encounters present unique challenges for language interpretation services that require creative technological, procedural, and structural solutions. Technological solutions include flexible and mobile telecommunication devices, such as headsets, which allow real-time interpreting without interfering with treatment processes. Procedural solutions include establishing a systematic mechanism for recording patients’ language needs, creating a standard and seamless protocol for clinicians to obtain language supports, and hiring trained interpreters who are familiar with rehabilitation jargon. Structural solutions include budgeting for interpreter services, sponsoring trainings for staff and clinicians, and adjusting clinicians’ workload and expectations to allow greater time and flexibility to meet patients’ language needs.
Synthesis and in-vitro antifungal activity of 6-trifluoromethyipyrazolo[3,4-6d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-thiones

Douze 6-trifluoromethylpyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine-4(5H)-thiones ont ete synthetisees. On les a testees in vitro pour leur activite fongicide contre une serie de champignons phytopathogenes de differentes classes taxonomiques. Les valeurs EC50 (50% d'inhibition de croissance) et MIC (concentration minimale qui inhibe totalement la croissance) de quatre composes sont comparables ou inferieures a celles de fongicides commerciaux de reference qui controlent Sclerotinia minor, Corticium solani et Pythium ultimum