Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nematode and copepod diversity (2012) from Louisiana near the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Abstract Meiofauna were sampled from the NOAA ship Gordon Gunter during Fall 2012 off the coast of Louisiana. At five locations near the Deepwater Horizon drilling site (located 54–115 km away) box core samples and Shipek® grab samples were collected for subsurface meiofauna and sediment analysis. The goals of this study were to: 1) perform a taxonomic analysis of the meiofauna groups Nematoda and Copepoda, 2) perform statistical analyses of animal densities and sediment characteristics, and 3) compare sampling results using two different collection devices. Nematodes were the most abundant animals recovered, ranging from 88–791 animals per 10 cm2 area. Nematodes were represented by 60 genera in 23 families. The nematode community was dominated by one genus at the deepest location. Cluster analysis showed that there were two major groups for the five sites; nematodes from two shallow sites 81 and 84, and those from two shallow sites 85 and 86 along with deep site 82. Copepods were represented by 35 species from six families, with no animals identified at the deepest location (site 82). Cluster analysis also demonstrated two major groups similar to the two nematode groups but without site 82 present. Spearman correlation analysis revealed positive correlations among nematode, copepod, polychaete, and kinorhynch densities, and no correlations among the meiofauna densities and sediment chemistry values (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] concentrations). Nickel concentrations varied from 3.1–30.0 mg/kg, vanadium from 5.5–71.6 mg/kg, and PAHs from 94–395 ppb. Statistical comparison (Mann-Whitney U-test) of the box corer and Shipek® sampling equipment, using animal abundance, heavy metal analysis, and PAH data, revealed no difference between the two samplers.
Optimization of Protective Agents for The Freeze-Drying of Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 as a Potential Biofungicide

Anthracnose is a fungal disease causing major losses in crop production. Chemical fungicides widely used in crop plantations to combat fungal infections can be a threat to the environment and humans in the long term. Recently, biofungicides have gained much interest as an alternative to chemical fungicides due to their environmentally friendly nature. Biofungicide products in powder form can be formulated using the freeze-drying technique to provide convenient storage. Protective agent formulation is needed in maintaining the optimal viable cells of biofungicide products. In this study, 8.10 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL was the highest cell viability of Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 at 22 h during incubation. The effects of several selected protective agents on the viability of P. polymyxa Kp10 after freeze-drying were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing formulation for the protective agents. The combination of lactose (10% w/v), skim milk (20% w/v), and sucrose (27.5% w/v) was found to be suitable for preserving P. polymyxa Kp10 during freeze-drying. Further, P. polymyxa Kp10 demonstrated the ability to inhibit fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum truncatum and C. gloeosporioides, at 60.18% and 66.52% of inhibition of radial growth, respectively.
A Naturalistic Dynamic Monkey Head Avatar Elicits Species-Typical Reactions and Overcomes the Uncanny Valley

Abstract Research on social perception in monkeys may benefit from standardized, controllable, and ethologically valid renditions of conspecifics offered by monkey avatars. However, previous work has cautioned that monkeys, like humans, show an adverse reaction toward realistic synthetic stimuli, known as the “uncanny valley” effect. We developed an improved naturalistic rhesus monkey face avatar capable of producing facial expressions (fear grin, lip smack and threat), animated by motion capture data of real monkeys. For validation, we additionally created decreasingly naturalistic avatar variants. Eight rhesus macaques were tested on the various videos and avoided looking at less naturalistic avatar variants, but not at the most naturalistic or the most unnaturalistic avatar, indicating an uncanny valley effect for the less naturalistic avatar versions. The avoidance was deepened by motion and accompanied by physiological arousal. Only the most naturalistic avatar evoked facial expressions comparable to those toward the real monkey videos. Hence, our findings demonstrate that the uncanny valley reaction in monkeys can be overcome by a highly naturalistic avatar.
Entrepreneurship Education in the Transformation of Incarcerated Individuals: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Directions

This article draws upon the theories of entrepreneurial cognition, planned behavior, and criminal desistance to understand the role of entrepreneurship education in the behavioral and cognitive transformation of incarcerated individuals. Specifically, this article considers how participation in an entrepreneurship education program should influence entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, cognitive transformation, and institutional misconduct. It suggests these changes are more likely to influence an incarcerated person’s entrepreneurial intentions and criminal desistance. The six propositions presented shed light on how an incarcerated individual’s willingness to change his or her attitudes and develop an entrepreneurial mind-set influence his or her behavior in prison and prepares him or her to prosper in a dynamic and complex world after release. This article argues that the study of one’s transformation while incarcerated through the discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities is likely to advance empirical and theoretical perspectives of the fields of entrepreneurship. The examination of how incarcerated persons deal with fear of failure, risk aversion, and identity, in particular, presents great opportunities for future research.
Using Normative Data and Unilateral Hopping Tests to Reduce Ambiguity in Return-to-Play Decisions.

CONTEXT After a lower extremity injury, patients often return to sport (RTS) when the injured limb's performance on unilateral hopping tests is similar to that of the uninjured limb. However, the exact target symmetry value patients must reach before the RTS is unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify variables that predict limb symmetry index (LSI) values on 6 unilateral hopping tests in healthy, physically active adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS In total, 275 healthy, physically active adults, consisting of recreational athletes (n = 198), National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes (n = 56), and Army Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets (n = 21), volunteered to participate (143 men, 132 women, age = 20.16 ± 2.19 years, height = 172.66 ± 10.22 cm, weight = 72.64 ± 14.29 kg). INTERVENTION(S) Each participant completed 3 speed (6-m crossover hop, side hop, figure-8 hop) and 3 distance (triple-crossover hop, lateral hop, medial hop) functional performance tests on both limbs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Mean performance of the dominant and nondominant limbs and LSI values. Two multiple regression models were used to find variables that might help to predict a participant's LSI for each functional performance test. RESULTS The models helped to predict limb symmetry for 10 of the 12 multiple regressions. Unilateral limb performance was the best predictor of LSI values, as it was statistically significant in 11 of the 12 regression models. Sex and body mass index were significant predictor variables for the side hop and figure-8 hop, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found significant predictor variables that clinicians can use in the absence of baseline testing to determine patient-specific LSI values. Individualizing RTS decisions in this way may help to minimize subjectivity in the decision-making process and ensure a safe and timely return to competition.
Unveiling the shade nature of cyanic leaves: a view from the "blue absorbing side" of anthocyanins.

Anthocyanins have long been suggested as having great potential in offering photoprotection to plants facing high light irradiance. Nonetheless, their effective ability in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from supernumerary photons has been questioned by some authors, based upon the inexact belief that anthocyanins almost exclusively absorb green photons, which are poorly absorbed by chlorophylls. Here we focus on the blue light absorbing features of anthocyanins, a neglected issue in anthocyanin research. Anthocyanins effectively absorb blue photons: the absorbance of blue relative to green photons increases from tri- to mono-hydroxy B-ring substituted structures, reaching up to 50% of green photons absorption. We offer a comprehensive picture of the molecular events activated by low blue-light availability, extending our previous analysis in purple and green basil, which we suggest to be responsible for the "shade syndrome" displayed by cyanic leaves. While purple leaves display overexpression of genes promoting chlorophyll biosynthesis and light harvesting, in green leaves it is the genes involved in the stability/repair of photosystems that are largely overexpressed. As a corollary, this adds further support to the view of an effective photoprotective role of anthocyanins. We discuss the profound morpho-anatomical adjustments imposed by the epidermal anthocyanin shield, which reflect adjustments in light harvesting capacity under imposed shade and make complex the analysis of the photosynthetic performance of cyanic vs acyanic leaves. We offer conclusive evidence that the blue light-absorbing properties of anthocyanins are responsible for the shade nature of cyanic leaves/individuals and, as a corollary, this strongly supports the view of an effective photoprotective role of anthocyanins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Suppression of rust resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by D-genome chromosomes

Several tests were done in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to demonstrate the occurrence of genes on D-genome chromosomes that suppress resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.). Ten rust-resistant wild tetraploid wheats (T. turgidum var. dicoccoides) were crossed with both durum (T. turgidum var. durum) and bread wheats. In all cases, resistance to leaf rust and stem rust was expressed in the hybrids with durum wheats but suppressed in the hybrids with bread wheats. Crosses were made between five diverse durum wheats and four diverse bread wheats. The pentaploid hybrid seedlings of 12 crosses were tested with leaf rust race 15 and in all cases the resistance of the durum parents was suppressed. Fourteen D-genome disomic chromosome substitution lines in the durum wheat 'Langdon' were tested with stem rust race 15B-1 and leaf rust race 15. Chromosomes 1B, 2B, and 7B were found to carry genes for resistance to .
Ecological and histological aspects of tail loss in spiny mice (Rodentia: Muridae, Acomys) with a review of its occurrence in rodents

Many individual nocturnal common spiny mice Acomys cahirinus and diurnal golden spiny mice A. russatus in the field are found missing all or part of their tails. Possibly, this is a predator avoidance mechanism. A 25-month field study revealed that at Ein Gedi (Israel) percentage tail-loss is 63% in male and 44% in female golden spiny mice, and 12% in male and 25% in female common spiny mice. Tail loss is significantly more common in golden spiny mice than in common spiny mice, possibly reflecting differences in predation risk or predator efficiency between the different microhabitats used by these species and in their different activity times. However, inter- and intraspecific aggressive interactions may also account in part for this pattern. Few significant differences in longevity, body mass, or reproductive condition were found between tailed and tail-less spiny mice, suggesting an advantage to tail-less individuals. Histological sections revealed a plane separating the skin layer from the underlying muscles and vertebrae, facilitating loss of the skin with little bleeding. The remainder (muscles and bone) is later chewed off by the mouse. A survey of published cases of tail loss in rodents revealed that this phenomenon occurs in at least 35 species and has evolved separately in eight rodent families, with no clear pattern in systematics, geography, or habitat use.
Advances in Breeding of Seed-Quality Traits in Soybean

SUMMARY Soybean is the leading oil and protein crop of the world, which is used as a source of high quality edible oil, protein, and livestock feed. Soybean seeds also contain carbohydrates, ash and a number of minor compounds with potential nutraceutical properties. For several decades, soybean breeders have focused on improving the oil quality and on increasing the protein content for both feed and human food, such as tofu. Mutation breeding and, more recently, biotechnology, have been used. Newly emerging areas of research and an improved understanding of the genetic control of nutraceutical compounds such as isoflavones, should facilitate the breeding and development of new soybean cultivars with enhanced healthy properties.
ENSO and riverine control of nutrient loading, phytoplankton biomass and mussel aquaculture yield in Pelorus Sound, New Zealand

Multi-year time-series were used to describe oceanic and riverine nutrient supply and primary biomass in Pelorus Sound, a 50 km long estuary supporting most of New Zealand's $200 mil- lion per annum mussel Perna canaliculus aquaculture industry. In the summer half-year (October to March), when the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was negative (El Nino), NNW along-shelf wind stress strengthened and sea surface temperature (SST) at the Sound entrance cooled, indicating upwelling. This triggered increases in phytoplankton biomass, particulate nitrogen (PN) and per capita yield of farmed mussels in the Sound. In the winter half-year (April to September), wind stress was unrelated to SOI, but during NNW winds Pelorus River flows increased, along with NO3 - , phyto- plankton biomass, PN and mussel yield. During an extended period of positive SOI (La Nina), SSE winds and drought during 1999 to 2002, seston (PN) abundance and its food quality decreased, con- comitant with a mussel yield decrease of ~25% throughout Pelorus Sound. Seston and mussel yield had recovered by 2003 without reductions in farming intensity, so over-grazing by mussels did not cause the yield minimum. Instead, climatic forcing of oceanic and riverine N supply and seston bio- mass underlay the inter-annual variation in mussel yield. As tracers of the relationship of nutrient loading and production, PN and mussel yield appeared more reliable than NO3 - or chl a concentra- tions. In Pelorus Sound, oceanic and riverine N supplies are seasonally complementary and sustain year-round mussel yield, although their inter-annual variability, linked to wider climate forcing, can drive considerable fluctuation in yield over the decadal scale.
A Safe Interval between Preoperative Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections and Subsequent Knee Arthroscopy

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of intra-articular corticosteroid injections prior to knee arthroscopy on the rate of postoperative infection and define a safe timing interval between intra-articular corticosteroid injections and subsequent knee arthroscopy. The PearlDiver Database was used to identify patients who underwent a knee arthroscopy from 2007 to 2017. Patients were sorted into an injection cohort if they received any intra-articular corticosteroid injections within 6 months before surgery and a control cohort if they received no such injections. The injection cohort was then stratified into subgroups based on the timing of the most recent injection. We identified two types of postoperative infection in the 6 months following surgery: a broad definition of infection using knee infection diagnoses, and a narrow definition of infection requiring surgical treatment. The effects of the timing of preoperative corticosteroid injections on the rates of postoperative infection were investigated. The rate of broadly defined postoperative infection was significantly higher in the 0 to 2 weeks injection group (6.90%, 20/290) than the control group (2.01%, 1,449/72,089, p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]:3.61 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.29, 5.70]). We observed a significant difference regarding the rate of narrowly defined postoperative infection requiring surgical treatment between the 0 and 2 weeks injection group (1.38%, 4/290) and the control group (0.27%, 192/72,089, p < 0.001, OR:5.24 [95% CI: 1.94, 14.21]). No significant differences were observed between other subgroups and the control group in both types of postoperative infection. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections within 2 weeks of knee arthroscopy were statistically significantly associated with higher rates of postoperative infection. This is a Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Analysis of Population Representation Among Willed Whole-Body Donors to Facilitate the Construction of a Body Donation Program in China: From the Perspective of Medical Students and Anatomists

The body donation program of Peking Union Medical College was established in May 1999. From May 1999 to December 2017, a total of 5,576 registrants registered and 1,459 donors donated their bodies. Demographic and medical characteristics of the donors were analyzed. The top four causes of death were neoplasms, heart diseases, respiratory diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Age at death among donors who died of neoplasms were significantly lower than other causes of death (all p < .05), and the interval between registration and donation among donors who died of neoplasms was significantly shorter than that among donors with other causes (all p < .001). The age of donors when they registered (p < .001) and donated (p < .001) was significantly older than that of general Beijing population. This study may provide a guide for medical colleges or research institutions to establish or enhance their own body donation programs.
Changes in spirometric parameters after protective interventions among workers at a chlorine production plant in Iran

OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess changes in spirometric parameters after protective interventions among workers at a chlorine production plant in Semnan, Iran during 2012-2016. METHODS This quasi-experimental study included 100 workers at a chlorine production plant in Semnan during 2012-2016. Spirometric parameters (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow [PEF], and PEF occurring in the middle 50% of the patient’s exhaled volume [PEF 25-75%]) were measured in all workers before the initial intervention in 2012. Protective interventions were then implemented for 4 consecutive years and the parameters were measured annually. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the factors affecting spirometric parameters before and after the protective interventions in SPSS version 24. RESULTS The mean values of all spirometric parameters significantly increased after the protective interventions (p<0.05). Multivariable linear regression showed that age (β=-0.40), body mass index (BMI) (β=0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11 to 1.31), and type of mask (β=-7.88; 95% CI, -15.96 to -0.46) had significant effects on the mean difference in FVC. Similarly, age (β=-0.35; 95% CI, -0.70 to -0.01), BMI (β=0.80; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.41) and type of mask (β=-8.88; 95% CI, -16.98 to -0.79) had significant associations with the mean difference in FEV1. The type of mask (β=-12.81; 95% CI, -25.01 to -0.60) had a significant effect on the mean difference in PEF. CONCLUSIONS All spirometric parameters significantly increased in workers after protective interventions were implemented. Therefore, protective interventions to prevent respiratory disorders in workers exposed to chlorine gas are suggested.
Seasonal and diurnal variation in the proportions of female morphs of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum

In many damselfly species a female-limited colour polymorphism is encountered which is assumed to be the result of sexual conflict. Typically, one morph resembles the male's body colouration (andromorph), while the other is dissimilar (heteromorph). Little is known about the extent of temporal variation in female morph proportions at the water where mating occurs. Knowledge about such variation should help to identify the factors that affect female morph proportion and the scales at which these factors operate. The objective of this study is to assess the occurrence of diurnal and seasonal variation in female morph proportions at the water for the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum. Diurnal variation was evaluated at six nearby populations, while seasonal variation was examined at one of these populations. Furthermore, we considered temporal variation in female morph proportion in relation to proxies of male harassment (i.e., male density and operational sex ratio). Our findings indicate that female morph proportion varies throughout a day but is uniform on a seasonal scale. Variation in female morph proportions could not be explained by concomitant variation in male density or operational sex ratio. We suggest future study of male mate choice may consider temporal variation in female morph proportions at the water.
A long noncoding RNA regulates inflammation resolution by mouse macrophages through fatty acid oxidation activation

Significance Proper resolution of inflammation is essential for restoration of homeostasis. Macrophages are particularly important for this process and dynamically change their functional phenotypes during the transition from inflammatory activation to resolution. we identify a long noncoding RNA, lncFAO, that promotes inflammation resolution. Deletion of lncFAO perturbed late suppression of inflammatory gene expression after LPS treatment and exacerbated endotoxic shock and skin wounds in vivo, which demonstrates that lncFAO is integral to inflammation resolution in macrophages. Mechanistically, lncFAO directly interacts with the HADHB subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional protein and activates fatty acid oxidation. Our data indicate that lncFAO is a mediator of metabolic reprogramming for resolution of inflammation in macrophages. Proper resolution of inflammation is vital for repair and restoration of homeostasis after tissue damage, and its dysregulation underlies various noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Macrophages play diverse roles throughout initial inflammation, its resolution, and tissue repair. Differential metabolic reprogramming is reportedly required for induction and support of the various macrophage activation states. Here we show that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), lncFAO, contributes to inflammation resolution and tissue repair in mice by promoting fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in macrophages. lncFAO is induced late after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of cultured macrophages and in Ly6Chi monocyte-derived macrophages in damaged tissue during the resolution and reparative phases. We found that lncFAO directly interacts with the HADHB subunit of mitochondrial trifunctional protein and activates FAO. lncFAO deletion impairs resolution of inflammation related to endotoxic shock and delays resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in a skin wound. These results demonstrate that by tuning mitochondrial metabolism, lncFAO acts as a node of immunometabolic control in macrophages during the resolution and repair phases of inflammation.