Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Child poverty and its determinants; the case of Negele Arsi Woreda, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Abstract Child poverty is widespread and anticipated to endure in the future, particularly in developing countries. By 2030, it is predicted that a considerable number of children would be living in poverty. As a result, addressing child poverty is a top priority for researchers and politicians today. The objective of this study is to examine and measure the factors that contribute to child poverty in the Negele Arsi woreda, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State. Based on probability proportionate to size, multistage sampling procedures were employed to pick 401 respondents from four kebeles. The data for this study was gathered using enumerator-administered interview schedules. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques, and the causes of child poverty were analyzed using a probit regression model. The multidimensional poverty assessment method was utilized to assess child poverty based on several indicators. As a result, the total multidimensional child poverty analysis found that around 80 percent of children in the study area were multidimensionally poor. Multidimensional poverty was found to be highly affected by factors such as household socioeconomic status, the age of the household head, and household wealth status. Similarly, nutrition, education, information, shelter, income, and fuel are all intimately tied to children’s requirements.
Development of conjugated secondary antibodies for wildlife disease surveillance

Disease monitoring in free-ranging wildlife is a challenge and often relies on passive surveillance. Alternatively, proactive surveillance that relies on the detection of specific antibodies could give more reliable and timely insight into disease presence and prevalence in a population, especially if the evidence of disease occurs below detection thresholds for passive surveillance. Primary binding assays, like the indirect ELISA for antibody detection in wildlife, are hampered by a lack of species-specific conjugates. In this study, we developed anti-kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and anti-impala (Aepyceros melampus) immunoglobulin-specific conjugates in chickens and compared them to the binding of commercially available protein-G and protein-AG conjugates, using an ELISA-based avidity index. The conjugates were evaluated for cross-reaction with sera from other wild herbivores to assess future use in ELISAs. The developed conjugates had a high avidity of >70% against kudu and impala sera. The commercial conjugates (protein-G and protein-AG) had significantly low relative avidity (<20%) against these species. Eighteen other wildlife species demonstrated cross-reactivity with a mean relative avidity of >50% with the impala and kudu conjugates and <40% with the commercial conjugates. These results demonstrate that species-specific conjugates are important tools for the development and validation of immunoassays in wildlife and for the surveillance of zoonotic agents along the livestock-wildlife-human interface.
Parametric Classification of Furniture From Point Cloud Developed Using Low Cost Trolley Based Laser Scanning System

This paper presents a parametric classification methodology to identify common indoor and outdoor furniture objects present in the 3D Cartesian point cloud of the surveyed environment. For this purpose, a low cost custom made trolley based scanning and surveying system has developed using orthogonal integration of two popular Hokuyo-30LX 2D laser scanners. The developed system has been successfully used to generate 3D point cloud of the environment using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique. The instrumentation system of the trolley has been interfaced through Robot Operating System (ROS) for online processing and recording of all sensorial data. While classification of the furniture present in point cloud has been done in offline mode using Random Sampling and Consensus (RANSAC) based parametric segmentation technique. The innovative furniture detection has applied on each scan in order to reduce the region of interest in the developed point cloud. In addition, the validation of the classified furniture objects has been performed using Fuzzy Logic. Multiple indoor and outdoor vicinities have been scanned and modelling results have been found accurate nearer to ground truth. In comparison to available surveying solutions present in the local market, the developed system has been found faster and precise to produce more enhanced structural results with minute details.
PENGARUH HUBUNGAN SERI-PARALELPADA RANGKAIAN SEL SURYA PEWARNATERSENSITISASI (SSPT) TERHADAPEFISIENSI KONVERSI ENERGI LISTRIK

Penelitian yang telah dilakukan ini berkaitan dengan pengukuran arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan serta efisiensi konversi energi listrik pada rangkaian sel surya pewarna tersensitisasi yang disusun berdasarkan kombinasi hubungan seri-paralel. Sel surya yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan zat warna yang berasal dari buah mangsi (Phyllanthus reticulatus poir). Sel surya pewarna tersensitisasi yang digunakan pada setiap rangkaian masing-masing sebanyak empat buah. Efisiensi yang dihasilkan pada rangkaian 1, rangkaian 2, rangkaian 3, rangkaian 4 masing-masing sebesar 0,1619%, 0,1285%, 0,2103%, dan 0,1325%. Efisiensi konversi energi listrik tertinggi dihasilkan oleh rangkaian 3 pada pengukuran outdoor hari pertama yaitu sebesar 0,2103%
Observation of three distinct ion populations at the Kelvin-Helmholtz-unstable magnetopause

We report Double Star spacecraft observations of the dusk-flank magnetopause and its boundary layer under predominantly northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Under such conditions the flank low-latitude boundary layers (LLBL) of the magnetosphere are known to broaden. The primary candidate processes associated with the transport of solar wind plasma into the LLBL are: (1) local diffusive plasma transport associated with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), (2) local plasma penetration owing to magnetic reconnection in the vicinity of the KHI-driven vortices, and (3) via a pre-existing boundary layer formed through double high-latitude reconnection on the dayside. Previous studies have shown that a cold population of solar wind origin is typically mixed with a hot population of magnetospheric origin in the LLBL. The present observations show the coexistence of three distinct ion populations in the dusk LLBL, during an interval when the magnetopause is unstable to the KHI: (1) a typical hot magnetospheric population, (2) a cold population that shows parallel temperature anisotropy, and (3) a distinct third cold population that shows perpendicular temperature anisotropy. Although no unambiguous conclusion may be drawn from this single event, we discuss the possible mechanisms at work and the origin of each population by envisaging three likely sources: hot magnetospheric plasma sheet, cold magnetosheath of solar wind origin, and cold plasma of ionospheric origin.
Engineering properties of fine-grained red mud

ABSTRACT Basic engineering parameters of fine-grained red mud tailings were evaluated via laboratory tests; the coupled effect of mineralogy and microstructure was investigated by appraising the stress-deformation characteristics; and the static and seismic liquefaction susceptibilities were evaluated via critical state soil mechanics and empirical equations, respectively. Results indicated the presence of cementitious minerals without swollen clay minerals. The textural and compression properties were similar to those of clays, whereas the strength parameters were similar to those of sand. The stress-deformation curves show overall strain softening with a temporary strain-hardening curve at the beginning, which can be qualitatively explained by the coupled effect of the microstructure and mineral components. Hydroxysodalite precipitated at the contact points among the particles afforded microstructural cementation bonds, allowing the aggregates to resist external loads at the initial loading stage. Red mud presented strong resistance to static liquefaction but was potentially seismically liquefiable.
z~6 i-DROPOUT GALAXIES IN THE SUBARU /XMM-NEWTON DEEP FIELD

We conducted an extremely wide field survey of z 6 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) to precisely derive their bright end surface density overcoming the bias due to cosmic variance. We selected out LBG candidates in the Subaru/ XMM-Newton Deep Survey Field (SXDS) over the total of sky area down to $z_{AB}
Smoothed‐profile method for momentum and heat transfer in particulate flows

The smoothed‐profile method for the motion of solid bodies suspended in a fluid phase is investigated when combined with a high‐order spatial discretization. The performance of the combined method is tested for a wide range of flow and geometry parameters as well as for static and for moving particles. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is conducted with respect to the smoothed‐profile function. The algorithm is extended to include thermal effects in Boussinesq approximation. Several benchmark problems are considered to demonstrate the potential of the technique. The implementation of the energy equation is verified by dedicated tests. All simulations are compared with either theoretical, numerical, or experimental data. The results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the smoothed‐profile method for non‐isothermal problems in combination with a discontinuous finite‐element solver for the fluid flow, which allows for a flexible handling of the grid and the order of spectral approximation in each element. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new miniMOS tool kit capable of visualizing single copy insertion in C. elegans

The miniMOS technique has been widely used in the C. elegans community to generate single copy insertions. A worm is considered as a potential insertion candidate if it is resistant to G418 antibiotics and does not express a co-injected fluorescence marker. If the expression of the extrachromosomal array is very low, it is possible for a worm to be mistakenly identified as a miniMOS candidate, as this low expression level can still confer resistance to G418 without producing a detectable fluorescence signal from the co-injection marker. This may increase the workload for identifying the insertion locus in the subsequent steps. In the present study, we modified the plasmid platform for miniMOS insertion by incorporating a myo-2 promoter-driven TagRFP or a ubiquitous H2B::GFP expression cassette into the targeting vector and introducing two loxP sites flanking the selection cassettes. Based on this new miniMOS tool kit, the removable fluorescence reporters can be used to visualize the single copy insertions, greatly reducing insertion locus identification efforts. In our experience, this new platform greatly facilitates the isolation of the miniMOS mutants.
Current Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Aspects of Peri-Implantitis Disease: A Narrative Review

(1) Background: Peri-implantitis is a multi-factorial disease with an inflammatory background that occurs in both soft and hard tissues surrounding implants. In recent years, the understanding of the cellular, molecular and genetic background of peri-implantitis has broadened. This study aims to summarize the currently available articles on the subject and highlight the most recent advances over the last 20 years. (2) Methods: For this study, the Embase and PubMed libraries were searched using the keywords: (“peri-implantitis” AND “cytokine” OR “genetics” OR “cellular”) and (“peri-implantitis” AND “cytokine” OR “genetics” OR “cellular” AND “risk factors”). The search revealed a total of 3013 articles (992 from PubMed, 2021 from Embase). Following screening of the titles and abstracts and full-text reads, 55 articles were included. (3) Results: In peri-implantitis IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-8 and their genetic variations appear to be the most important cytokines in relation to not only pathogenesis, but also their potential diagnostic capabilities. Epithelial and inflammatory cells, along with those of the bone lineage, are prime cellular elements found in peri-implantitis. (4) Conclusions: A wide array of cells stand behind peri-implantitis, as well as cytokines and their genetic variations that take part in the process. However, the growing interest in this topic has led to the introduction of specific new diagnostic tools to enable a better understanding of patients’ responses to treatment and, in turn, to even enable prediction of the risk of developing peri-implant disease.
Lower-Hybrid Instability in Hall Thruster

This paper is devoted to the development of theoretical model of electron-ion instability in Hall thruster (HT) for the frequency range of the order of lower-hybrid frequency which has a magnitude of f≈1 MHz. An analysis was carried out within the frames of two-fluid magnetic hydrodynamics. Electron inertia is taken into account in the first order of the ratio of oscillations frequency to electron cyclotron frequency. It is shown that making some additional assumptions it is possible to reduce the MHD equations to one second-order equation with variable coefficients. This equation is similar to Rayleigh's equation but there is a significant difference - additional resonant factor resulting from the disturbed ion motion. The boundary eigenvalue problem for this equation is solved using mainly numerical methods. It is shown that for the electric field profiles in acceleration channel typical for present-day HT and for typical channel dimensions a strong large-scale instability close to aperiodic arises. The "driving force" of this instability is the electron drift velocity nonuniformity. Since both electrons and ions are involved in low-hybrid instability it can cause the enhanced electron transfer in channel. The possible means of an experimental identification of the instability are also considered in the paper.
Cleaning and Disinfecting Oval-Shaped Root Canals: Ex Vivo Evaluation of Three Rotary Instrumentation Systems with Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation

Background and Objectives: Successful root canal treatment depends on the thorough removal of biofilms through chemomechanical preparation. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cleaning and disinfecting efficiency of oval-shaped root canals using XP-endo Shaper (XPS), ProTaper Next (PTN), and HyFlex CM (HCM) in combination with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Materials and Methods: Ninety extracted teeth were contaminated and randomly divided into three groups: XPS, PTN, and HCM. Each group was assigned to three subgroups: subgroup A (sterile saline), subgroup B (3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and subgroup C (3% sodium hypochlorite, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and PUI). Bacterial sampling was conducted both from baseline samples and samples after chemomechanical preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the residue bacterial biofilms, hard tissue debris, and smear layers on the buccolingual walls of oval-shaped root canals. Results: When combined with sterile saline, XPS demonstrated a higher reduction of bacterial counts and was more effective in eradicating Enterococcus faecalis in the middle third of the canals compared to the other instruments (p < 0.05). Additionally, when used with antimicrobial irrigants, XPS was more effective in disinfecting the coronal third of the canals than the other instruments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, XPS reduced hard tissue debris more effectively in the middle third of canals than in the apical third (p < 0.05). Conclusions: XPS outperforms PTN and HCM in disinfecting oval-shaped root canals. Despite the fact that combining XPS and PUI improves cleaning and disinfecting, removing hard tissue debris from the critical apical area remains challenging.
The COVID-19 Driving Force: How It Shaped the Evidence of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) became crucial in treating patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Despite the fear of viral aerosolization, non-invasive respiratory support has gained attention as a way to alleviate ICU overcrowding and reduce the risks associated with intubation. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented increased demand for research, resulting in numerous publications on observational studies, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses in the past three years. This comprehensive narrative overview describes the physiological rationale, pre-COVID-19 evidence, and results of observational studies and randomized control trials regarding the use of high-flow nasal oxygen, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and continuous positive airway pressure in adult patients with COVID-19 and associated acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The review also highlights the significance of guidelines and recommendations provided by international societies and the need for further well-designed research to determine the optimal use of NIRS in treating this population.
Fashion, Faith, and Fantasy in the New Physics of the Universe

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Scientific and practical aspects of the use of pro-, pre- and synbiotics in the feeding of ruminants againts the background of research conducted in Ukraine

The review article provides up-to-date scientific information on the characteristics, classification and mechanisms of biological action of pro-, pre- and synbiotics in the digestive tract of ruminants. The literature sources of recent years on the influence of pro-, pre- and synbiotic supplements (when adding them to the diets of ruminants) on the metabolic processes in the body, intensity of growth, development and the quality of products obtained from domestic ruminant animals are systematized and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the degree of metabolic and productive action of these diet supplements in ruminants is determined primarily by the qualitative composition, technology of production, method of storage and quantity added to fodder. It is noted that the main mechanism of pro-, pre- and synbiotics action when entering the digestive tract of ruminant animals is optimizing the composition of its microflora, strengthening the barrier functions of the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum and intestine, as well as activation of interferon synthesis by blood leukocytes, stimulation of digestive functions and strengthening immune status. Also it is stated that the use of these fodder additives in the diet optimizes the quantitative and qualitative composition of the symbiotic microbiota of the digestive tract, has an immunostimulatory effect, activates metabolic processes and improves the productive qualities of ruminants.
Do Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barrier Perception Affect the Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections? A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Purpose Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) have become a global public health problem, resulting in high mortality, serious morbidity, and heavy healthcare costs. Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a significant priority for healthcare workers (HCWs) to eliminate HCAIs. However, barriers exist in the IPC implementation in daily clinical work. This study aimed to explore the relationship between HCWs’ knowledge, attitudes, barrier perception, as well as their effects on IPC practice. Patients and Methods A structured questionnaire survey was conducted among HCWs who were responsible for IPC in a large tertiary hospital in China. Cronbach’s alpha, average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), as well as confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed for reliability and validity. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to establish the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, barrier perception and IPC practice. A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model was conducted to detect the effects of covariates on factor structure. Results In total, 232 valid questionnaires were eventually collected. The average score of knowledge, attitudes, barrier perception and IPC practice were 2.95±0.75, 4.06±0.70, 3.14±0.86, and 4.38±0.45, respectively. The instrument demonstrated good reliability and validity. The SEM results showed that knowledge was positively associated with attitudes (β=0.151, p=0.039), and attitudes had positive effects on IPC practice (β=0.204, p=0.001), whereas barrier perception was negatively associated with attitudes and IPC practice (β=−0.234, p<0.001; β=−0.288, p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, time proportion spent on IPC was significantly associated with attitudes and practice (β=0.180, p=0.015; β=0.287, p<0.001, respectively), and training on HCAIs was a predicator for barrier perception and practice (β=0.192, p=0.039; β=−0.169, p=0.038, respectively). Conclusion IPC practice was indirectly affected by knowledge through the mediation of attitudes, whereas barrier perception had a negative impact. Designing deficiency-based training programs, developing sustained IPC habits, and strengthening management support are recommended to optimize IPC practice.
Psychiatric aspects of ophthalmic disorders: A narrative review

Ophthalmic disorders have psychiatric aspects associated with them at various levels. Psychological factors have a well-documented role in the causation, aggravation, and maintenance of various ophthalmic conditions, including glaucoma, central serous retinopathy, dry eye disease, and retinitis pigmentosa. Many ophthalmic conditions, including blindness, have psychological manifestations as well, which need to be addressed, in addition to the ophthalmic pathology. There is also significant overlap in the treatment of the two disciplines in many ways. For instance, many ophthalmic drugs have psychiatric side effects. Even ophthalmological surgeries have psychiatric aspects associated with them, which primarily include black patch psychosis and anxiety in the operation theater. This review will be useful for psychiatrists and ophthalmologists, for their clinical practice and research. Future research should focus on this interface to give it its well-deserved attention.
Effect of Reduction Sequence during Rolling on Deformed Texture and Anisotropy of Ferritic Stainless Steel

This investigation studied the effect of reduction sequence during rolling of ferritic stainless steel on texture and anisotropy. A series of thermomechanical processes were performed on the present samples utilizing rolling deformation, with a total height reduction of 83% but with different reduction sequences, 67% + 50% (route A) and 50% + 67% (route B). Microstructural analysis showed that no significant difference was found in terms of the grain morphology between route A and route B. In terms of the texture, as compared to route A, route B developed a sharper texture on all components along the γ-fiber and a considerably higher fraction of boundaries that displayed 38°111 misorientations with respect to the surrounding deformed grains. In consequence, optimal deep drawing properties were achieved, where rm was maximized and Δr was minimized. Moreover, despite the similar morphology between the two processes, the resistance toward ridging was improved in the case of route B. This was explained in relation to the selective growth-controlled recrystallization, which favors the formation of microstructure with homogeneous distribution of the <111>//ND orientation.