Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Regime vetting’: a technique to exercise EU market power

ABSTRACT There is a broad consensus that the EU has great sources of power but little agreement on how and when this power is actively leveraged to shape global market regulation. Scholars have noted a widespread fragmentation and called for studies that cover multiple cases and account for how contextual factors influence strategic aims. This article responds to these calls by conceptualizing ‘regime vetting’ as a technique used by the European Union to reach beyond its borders in various sectors. By coining this term, the article enables exploration of a form of active and de-centred power projection that leverages the EU’s main sources of power. The article also offers a typology of four different types of regime vetting and propositions on how internal and external contextual factors systematically shape the strategic uses of regime vetting, thereby contributing to the theoretical discussion on how ‘context matters’ in shaping EU external action.
Intersession reliability of GPS-based and accelerometer-based physical variables in small-sided games with and without the offside rule

This study aimed to analyze the intersession reliability of global positioning system (GPS-based) distances and accelerometer-based (acceleration) variables in small-sided soccer games (SSG) with and without the offside rule, as well as compare variables between the tasks. Twenty-four high-level U-17 soccer athletes played 3 versus 3 (plus goalkeepers) SSG in two formats (with and without the offside rule). SSG were performed on eight consecutive weeks (4 weeks for each group), twice a week. The physical demands were recorded using a GPS with an embedded triaxial accelerometer. GPS-based variables (total distance, average speed, and distances covered at different speeds) and accelerometer-based variables (Player Load™, root mean square of the acceleration recorded in each movement axis, and the root mean square of resultant acceleration) were calculated. Results showed that the inclusion of the offside rule reduced the total distance covered (large effect) and the distances covered at moderate speed zones (7–12.9 km/h – moderate effect; 13–17.9 km/h – large effect). In both SSG formats, GPS-based variables presented good to excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients – ICC > 0.62) and accelerometer-based variables presented excellent reliability (ICC values > 0.89). Based on the results of this study, the offside rule decreases the physical demand of 3 versus 3 SSG and the physical demands required in these SSG present high intersession reliability.
Soil Water Dynamics Under Different Land Uses in Loess Hilly Region in China by Stable Isotopic Tracing

Exploring soil water dynamics under different land use types is important for water resource management and vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau. In this study, we investigated the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of soil water from four different land use types to explore the mechanism of soil water movement and transformation and analyse the influence of land use. The results show that the range of stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) in soil water was smaller than that in precipitation. Values for δD and δ18O in soil water showed relatively similar temporal variation, heavy isotopes were enriched in the soil water in July and depleted in October. Stable isotope values in shallow (<100 cm depth) soil water and deep (>200 cm depth) soil water were low. The δD and δ18O values in woodlands decreased gradually with increasing depth. Across the four land use types, the maximum variation in δD and δ18O was in the shallow depth of the soil profile. Groundwater was recharged mainly from precipitation and then from soil water. The ratio of groundwater recharge by soil water under different land use types followed this rank order: woodland (35.70%) > grassland (31.14%) > shrubland (29.47%) > cropland (29.18%). Matrix flow and preferential flow coexisted during infiltration, and the occurrence of preferential flow was related to the land use type. The main reason for the variation in isotopic composition in soil water is the difference in soil evaporation, which is influenced by different vegetation cover. Owing to the difference in soil evaporation and fractionation, precipitation on cropland, shrubland, and grassland can recharge more soil water than on woodland.
Pineapple Residue Ash Reduces Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Pineapple Cultivation on Tropical Peat Soils at Saratok, Malaysia

Burning pineapple residues on peat soils before pineapple replanting raises concerns on hazards of peat fires. A study was conducted to determine whether ash produced from pineapple residues could be used to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in cultivated tropical peatlands. The effects of pineapple residue ash fertilization on CO2 and N2O emissions from a peat soil grown with pineapple were determined using closed chamber method with the following treatments: (i) 25, 50, 70, and 100% of the suggested rate of pineapple residue ash + NPK fertilizer, (ii) NPK fertilizer, and (iii) peat soil only. Soils treated with pineapple residue ash (25%) decreased CO2 and N2O emissions relative to soils without ash due to adsorption of organic compounds, ammonium, and nitrate ions onto the charged surface of ash through hydrogen bonding. The ability of the ash to maintain higher soil pH during pineapple growth primarily contributed to low CO2 and N2O emissions. Co-application of pineapple residue ash and compound NPK fertilizer also improves soil ammonium and nitrate availability, and fruit quality of pineapples. Compound NPK fertilizers can be amended with pineapple residue ash to minimize CO2 and N2O emissions without reducing peat soil and pineapple productivity.
The crystal structure of dichlorido (1,3-dimesityl-1H-3λ4-imidazol-2-yl)(isoquinoline-κN)palladium(IV) – ethylacetate (1/1), C34H39Cl2N3O2Pd

Abstract C34H39Cl2N3O2Pd, triclinic, P1̅, a = 10.3988(8) Å, b = 12.1983(10) Å, c = 12.9114(10) Å, α = 85.034(1)°, β = 89.123(1)°, γ = 79.519(1)°, V = 1604.4(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0472, wRref(F2) = 0.1285, T = 100(2) K.
Geographic information system (GIS) based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model for soil and water conservation planning in anka_shashara watershed, southern Ethiopia

Water induced soil erosion has been continued to threaten the land resources in sub humid northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Human-induced land cover (LC) changes due to improper land management practices are contributing factors in deteriorating soil quality. Soil and water conservation measures have been implemented without site-specific scientifically quantified soil erosion data and priority bases in this regard; this study was conducted with a view to quantifying soil erosion in Anka-Shashara watershed. To do this, we have opted to use the RUSLE model based on geographic information systems. By collecting data on rainfall, soils, vegetation, slopes and conservation practices separately as a layer and determining the pixel values for each of these factors, a quantified assessment of erosion in the basin is obtained. The result reveals that the mean annual soil loss (15.22t/ha/yr) of the most parts of study area falls in tolerable levels and almost 66% (1594 ha), moderate level about 23% and 10% at high level of watershed. The soil loss of watershed is classified in to four main classes. None to Slight rates of soil erosion (0-10t/ha) is cover the almost 66% of watershed moderate about 23% and high about 10% of erosion rate as seen from the erosion rate distribution map. The upstream of catchment needs management and protection of those existing resources and the fundamental attention for SWC as recommended bases. Therefore, to reduce sedimentation problem and ensue sustainability of the watershed need to special attention for implementing recommended SWC intervention at the earlier.
Understanding action control of physical activity among mothers with young children

ABSTRACT Mothers with young children (MYC) are a critical target for physical activity (PA) promotion. Current research on the correlates of PA during early motherhood has generally considered intention as the primary determinant of behaviour, yet the intention-behaviour relationship is often modest. The purpose of this paper was to apply a framework designed to evaluate the intention-behaviour gap, known as multi-process action control (M-PAC), to understand PA among MYC. A community sample of 160 mothers (mean age 34.48; SD = 4.20) of at least one child under five completed M-PAC measures of reflective (instrumental attitude, affective attitude, self-efficacy), regulatory (planning), and reflexive (automaticity, identity) processes as well as intention to engage in PA and behaviour at public health guidelines (150 min/week of moderate or higher intensity). Four intention-behaviour profiles emerged: (a) non-intenders who were not active (21%; n = 34), (b) unsuccessful intenders who failed to perform PA (25%; n = 40), (c) successful intenders who were active (45%; n = 72) and (d) non-intenders who achieved PA (9%; n = 14). A discriminant function analysis [χ 2(18) = 63.84, p<0.001; canonical r = . 54] showed that planning (r = .67), affective attitude (r = .58), and instrumental attitude (r = .57) distinguished between non-active non-intenders and successful intenders but only self-efficacy (r = .73), habit (r = .67), and identity (r = .65) could predict the intention-behaviour gap. The majority of MYC in this sample had positive PA intentions, yet over a third had a discordant intention-behaviour profile. Interventions focused on increasing self-efficacy and fostering the reflexive processes of habit and identity may be critical to translating intentions into action among this population.
Estimating animal abundance and effort–precision relationship with camera trap distance sampling

Effective monitoring methods are needed for assessing the state of biodiversity and detecting population trends. The popularity of camera trapping in wildlife surveys continues to increase as they are able to detect species in remote and dif ﬁ cult-to-access areas. As a result, several statistical estimators of the abundance of unmarked animal populations have been developed, but none have been widely tested. Even where the potential for accurate estimation has been demonstrated, whether these methods estimators can yield estimates of suf ﬁ cient precision to detect trends and inform conservation action remains questionable. Here, we assess the effort – precision relationship of camera trap distance sampling (CTDS) in order to help researchers design ef ﬁ cient surveys. A total of 200 cameras were deployed for 10 months across 200 km 2 in the Ta ¨ ı National Park, C ˆ ote d ’ Ivoire. We estimated abundance of Maxwell ’ s duikers, western chimpanzees, leopards, and forest elephants that are challenging to enumerate due to rarity or semi-arboreality. To test the effects of spatial and temporal survey effort on the precision of CTDS estimates, we calculated coef ﬁ cient of variation (CV) of the encounter rate from subsets of our complete data sets. Estimated abundance of leopard and Maxwell ’ s duiker density (20% < CV < 30% and CV = 11%, respectively) were similar to prior estimates from the same area. Abundances of chimpanzees (20% < CV < 30%) were underestimated, but the quality of inference was similar to that reported after labor-intensive line transect surveys to nests. Estimates for the rare forest elephants were potentially unreliable since they were too imprecise (60% < CV < 200%). Generalized linear models coef ﬁ cients indicated that for relatively common, ground-dwelling species, CVs between 10% and 20% are achievable from a variety of survey designs, including long-term (6 + months) surveys at few locations (50), or short term (2-week to 2-month) surveys at 100 – 150 locations. We conclude that CTDS can ef ﬁ ciently provide estimates of abundance of multiple species of suf ﬁ cient quality and precision to inform conservation decisions. However, estimates for the rarest species will be imprecise even from ambitious surveys and may be biased for species that exhibit strong reactions to cameras.
Transgenerational Induction of Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in Holm Oak

The maternal environment of a tree species can influence the development and resistance of its offspring. Transgenerational induction of resistance is well known in plants but its occurrence in forest tree species has been less reported. Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) is a widespread Mediterranean tree species threatened by the invasive Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands pathogen. The influence of P. cinnamomi on the offspring of infected Q. ilex mother trees has not been studied. This study compared the performance and tolerance to P. cinnamomi of seedlings from non-infected and P. cinnamomi-infected trees. Acorns from Q. ilex trees were collected from five forests. After isolations were conducted in the rhizosphere of several trees, in each forest, three trees were selected as non-infected and three were selected as P. cinnamomi-infected. Forty acorns per tree were weighed and sown under greenhouse conditions, and when plants were aged ~9 months they were challenged with P. cinnamomi. Plant mortality was higher in the offspring of non-infected trees than in the offspring of P. cinnamomi-infected trees (26.2% vs. 21.1%, respectively). Consistently, survival probabilities of seedlings from P. cinnamomi-infected trees were higher than those of seedlings from non-infected trees, particularly in seedlings with reduced growth. Although acorns from healthy Q. ilex trees were heavier than acorns from P. cinnamomi-infected trees, the time to death of inoculated seedlings was not influenced by seed weight. The time to death of seedlings was positively related to belowground mass, particularly to an increased proportion of fine secondary roots. We report transgenerational-induced resistance to P. cinnamomi in Q. ilex triggered by an unknown mechanism independent of acorn mass. Information about the persistence of transgenerational effects in Q. ilex offspring and the influence of these effects on plant fitness is crucial to improve the management and regeneration of this declining species.
Large carnivore expansion in Europe is associated with human population density and land cover changes

The recent recovery of large carnivores in Europe has been explained as resulting from a decrease in human persecution driven by widespread rural land abandonment, paralleled by forest cover increase and the consequent increase in availability of shelter and prey. We investigated whether land cover and human population density changes are related to the relative probability of occurrence of three European large carnivores: the grey wolf (Canis lupus), the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and the brown bear (Ursus arctos).
Developing cultural – based English textbook based on total physical response method for elementary school students

This study aimed to develop and provide an enjoyable, meaningful, and cultural – based English textbook for elementary school students on the coast of Kurau village, Bangka Belitung Province. The observation and interview were undertaken to acknowledge the needs of the students in improving and advancing their understanding of English as well as to afford them an expedient textbook to be explored. Lee and Owens (2004) model has been used for this research and development study in designing the book. Total physical response method was also implemented in some exercises within the book to engage students’ attention and comprehension towards English learning. The data gathered in this study were collected through questionnaires, pre-test, and post-test. Based on the data analysis, the research finding shows that the cultural-based English textbook for elementary students is feasible. Feasibility obtained from the book was very good. Percentage of assessment by the content expert reached 82 % and the media expert was 87%. The calculation of T-paired test showed that there was a difference in learning achievement between the pre-test and the post-test score, which was 70.00 to 78.00 or increased 15%. Thus, there is an increasing score and this cultural – based textbook is effective to be used by the elementary students.
Mill-scale experiences of extended delignification with super batch cooking method

Compte-rendu d'essais realises dans deux papeteries scandinaves sur la cuisson prolongee et la delignification a l'oxygene. Le procede est avantageux en termes de consommation de produits chimiques de blanchiment et du point de vue de la protection de l'environnement. Il est applicable aussi bien aux pâtes de feuillus qu'aux pâtes de resineux.
A Compact, Low-Profile, Broadside Radiating Two-Element Huygens Dipole Array Facilitated by a Custom-Designed Decoupling Element

A compact, low-profile, broadside radiating, two-element Huygens dipole array is developed for in-band full-duplex (IBFD) applications. Each radiating element is a multilayer near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) design that is electrically small with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ka=0.76$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at its resonance frequency, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{0} = 1.511$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz. The center-to-center distance between the elements is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.3\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The array’s outstanding performance is facilitated by a custom-designed decoupling element. This specially engineered scatterer is printed on an additional layer and consists of a pair of meander-line resonators connected by a metallic strip. The overall height of the entire system is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}/20.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The passive decoupling element operates as several electrically small electric dipoles whose scattered fields mitigate the interactions between the two radiators. It provides very high isolation levels between them and improves the overall directivity of the array. The optimized array was fabricated, assembled, and tested. The measured results, in good agreement with their simulated values, confirm that the developed decoupling structure not only increases the peak isolation level from 14.4 to 50.4 dB but it also improves the peak realized gain in the broadside direction by 0.5 dB and the corresponding front-to-back ratio (FTBR) value by 14.4 dB.
Kajian Ekolinguistik Metaforis Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Upacara Pernikahan Adat Manggarai, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian dalam perspektif ekolinguisitk metaforis ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang terdapat dalam upacara pernikahan adatÂ masyarakat Manggarai, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Deskripsi makna nilai kearifan lokal tidak dapat dilepaskan dari wujud kearifan lokal itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak, cakap, dan wawancara. Data yang terkumpul diklasifikasikan dan selanjutnya dianalisis denganÂ metode padan. Metode padan merupakan metode analisis bahasa yang alat penentunya di luar, terlepas, dan tidak menjadi bagian dari bahasa ( langue) yang bersangkutan. Dalam analisis data, peneliti menggunakan metode padan ektralingual, yaitu metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan masalah bahasa dengan hal yang ada di luar bahasa, yakni konteks sosial dan konteks budaya masyarakat Manggarai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal dalam upacara pernikahan adat Manggarai berwujud nyata ( tangible ) dan tidak nyata ( intangible ). Kearifan lokal tangible berupa tuak, sirih pinang, belis, cincin, telur ayam kampung dan ayam jantan putih, sedangkan kearifan lokal yang intangible berupa ungkapan-ungkapan ( goet ). Kearifan lokal yang bersifat tangible mengandung makna persaudaraan, ketulusan hati, cinta kasih dan keturunan. Sementara itu, kearifan lokal yang bersifat intangible mengandung makna sopan santun, gadis, perjuangan, kerendahan hati dan keturunan. Kata kunci: nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, upacara pernikahan adat, masyarakat Manggarai, linguistik metaforis
Differences in the Associations Between Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors with Dietary Patterns in Mexican Men and Women.

Background. Diet is one of the leading risk factors for developing non-communicable diseases and is related to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including sex. We aimed to investigate the associated factors of dietary patterns among adults living in Mexico City by sex. Methods. We used data from a city-wide representative survey conducted between May and June 2015 in Mexico City (n=1,142). Self-reported information about sociodemographic and lifestyle variables was collected. Dietary information was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were constructed by cluster analysis. We used sex-specific multivariable multinomial logistic models to assess the association of demographic and lifestyle factors with dietary patterns using. Results. Three dietary patterns were identified: basic, prudent and fast food. Among men and women, higher school attainment was associated with a lower relative probability of having a basic rather than prudent dietary pattern (women: RRR= 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9; men: RRR= 0.8, 95% CI:0.7, 0.9). Compared to single men, divorced or separated men (RRR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.2) and those living with a partner (RRR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.0) had a higher relative probability of consuming a fast food dietary pattern than the prudent one. Men living with a partner (RRR=3.0, 95% CI:1.1, 8.6) or working long shifts (RRR=3.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 11.1) had a higher probability of consuming a basic pattern rather than a prudent one compared to peers. Conclusion. Differences by sex in the associations between sociodemographic factors and dietary patterns may be due to gender roles. Public policies and programs should consider the gender perspective to accomplish positive results in both men and women.
Prevent/Ing critical thinking? The pedagogical impacts of Prevent in UK higher education

ABSTRACT The Prevent counter terrorism strategy (‘Prevent’) – specifically the duty to report those deemed vulnerable to, or causing suspicions of, radicalisation – has been intensely criticised within UK higher education for its racialised and colonial agenda; its potential to curb academic freedom; and its reframing of the pedagogical dynamic as one of surveillance. A specific concern is that Prevent limits possibilities for critical teaching and learning which is predicated on notions of openness and mutual exchange. This paper responds to the claim that Prevent and the statuary duty it implies, prevents critical thinking using empirical data collection with 14 academic faculty teaching Politics across 4 English universities. These data reveal how Prevent’s effects are neither uniform nor straightforward but that its bureaucratic and legalistic framing produces significant and detrimental ‘critical closures’ with an urgent need for higher education institutions to approach future guises of Prevent both critically and pedagogically.