Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The phylogeny of Halgerda (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) with the description of a new species from Okinawa

This paper proposes a refined hypothesis of evolution for the tropical Indo‐Pacific nudibranch genus Halgerda. Numerous specimens from 31 species were examined anatomically and literature from four additional species was reviewed, bringing to 33 the ingroup taxa. Fifty‐three characters were considered from these examinations. The outgroup Asteronotus was used to polarize the characters. The phylogeny obtained from the analysis of the characters supports the hypothesis that Halgerda is a monophyletic group. A species previously placed with the genus Sclerodoris is examined and determined to be a member of the genus Halgerda. Phylogenetic analysis places this species, H. paliensis, as a basal member of the genus.Halgerda paliensis appears to be restricted to the Hawaiian Islands. Specimens previously identified as Sclerodoris paliensis from the Marshall Islands actually represent H. dalanghita Fahey & Gosliner, 1999. A new species, Halgerda onna, is described and presented as the sister taxon to a basal member of the genus. A range and depth extension of a previously described species, H. malesso, is presented. The present phylogeny is then compared to previous studies, in particular those of Fahey & Gosliner (1999a,b) .
Working Paper Series

The paper inquires why in some countries traditionally ruled by absolute monarchs the monarchy survived in the form of constitutional monarchy but not in others. It considers constitutional monarchy as a negotiated settlement between the king and a liberal opposition to share office rents, while the alternative to the negotiation is a violent conflict that ends with either deposition of the monarchy or absolute rule by the monarch. A model of conflict between the king and the liberal opposition is explored where conflict for office rents is a costly contest with probabilistic outcomes and results in a reduction of available rents. The payoffs from conflict and rent sharing, modelled as a Nash bargain between the two sides, are compared. The model predicts that constitutional monarchy is more likely to emerge when office rents are large, the proportion of rents destroyed in fighting is large, the king enjoys a large fighting advantage, the cost of the collective action costs of the liberal is high, the liberal has a stronger preference for rents instead of anti–royalist ideology, but the effect of time preference is more nuanced.
Osmotic Dehydration of Fruit: Influence of Osmotic Agents on Drying Behavior and Product Quality

Different osmotic solutions, with or without low quantities of added NaCl, were tested to evaluate their effects on the characteristics of the osmosed apples (chosen in our experiences as a fruit “model”). Water loss and water activity of final product were affected not only by the aw of the osmotic agent but also by the gain of solids in the sample. At the same time of treatment, solid gain depended on chemical composition of the syrups and the shape of the samples. Addition of small quantities of NaCl to osmotic solutions increased the driving force of the drying process.
BIOCONVERSION OF PRO-VITAMIN A CAROTENOIDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CARICA PAPAYA FRUITS

Keywords: β-carotene, bioavailability, Carica papaya, lycopene, RP-HPLC, TBARS, vitamin A, Wistar rats doi: 10.4038/jnsfsr.v31i3-4.246871 J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka 2003 31(3&4): 437-444
Discrimination between Vehicles and Buildings in Military Scenario

Building and vehicle detection through aerial images are challenging problems in computer vision and remote sensing, having particular relevance in military applications for target acquisition and tracking. Most of the work done in this area focuses just one of these items. In this work, it is proposed an approach to solve both problems, based on Hough Transform, SIFT features and classiﬁers, using high-resolution aerial images from UAV. Having in mind these two issues, the image to be processed is used in two distinct procedures. In the ﬁrst, SIFT features and color information are extracted and classiﬁed by means of support vector machines. Then, a keypoint fusion algorithm is applied to the results of the previous classiﬁcation in order to obtain the most probable vehicle location points. After that, the locations obtained are compared with the result of vehicle areas screening and only the locations falling inside detected areas are considered. In the second part of the proposed methodology, after a pre-processing based on the color of buildings rooftops, the Hough Transform is used for lines detection followed by an algorithm to detect the union of rectangles with L and T shape. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust in identiﬁcation and delineation of buildings resulting from union of several rectangular roofs. Regarding to vehicle detection, the methodology allows the vehicle identiﬁcation with relatively high performance.
Thymoquinone Attenuates 6-Mercaptopurine Induced Testicular Toxicity in Albino Rats: Possible Mechanisms are Involved

| The present study was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy of thymoquinone (TQ) to attenuated 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) induced testicular toxicity with insight into the mechanism(s) of protection. 6MP is an anti-cancer and immunosuppressant chemotherapeutic drug; however, it had a potent toxic effect in various body organs. Forty male adult albino rats were allocated into four equal groups: control rats, TQ(5 mg/kg.BW orally) for a month, 6MP (5 mg/kg.BW orally) for twenty days, and TQ+6MP group pretreated with TQ for ten days then coadministered with 6MP for twenty days. The oral gavage was persisted daily for 30 days followed by blood samples collection to estimate testosterone. Cauda epididymis was collected to evaluate sperm characteristics. Testes were collected to estimate histological architecture, biochemical and molecular changes of testicular tissues. 6MP treated rats showed a significant decrease in testicular weight, sperm concentration, motility and viability, serum testosterone and down-regulation in Androgen receptors (AR) mRNA, as well as, histological alteration, a significant depletion in testicular catalase and Glutathione reduced (GSH) with increasing in Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. 6MP induced upregulation in P53 gene expression and caspase-3 activity with a down-regulation in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Co-treatment of TQ with 6MP improved spermatogenesis, testis histology, restoring testicular antioxidant/ oxidative redox, inhibiting P53, caspase-3 apoptotic pathway and up-regulated PI3K. TQ exerts its therapeutic effect against 6MP-induced testicular damage and dysfunction through anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic pathways.
Desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de jatobazeiro do cerrado em Aquidauana-MS

Nowadays, the consumption of fruits and vegetables increased, mainly fruit trees from Cerrado. This work aimed to study the growth of "jatobazeiro do cerrado" seedlings under protected cultivation using different substrates, in the UEMS, from November 2008 to March 2009. Three protected cultivation environments were used: greenhouse with transparent low density polyethylene plastic; nursery of black shading screen and nursery of reflector thermal screen; and six substrates: soil; Plantmax®; fine coconut fiber; chips coconut fiber vermiculite and organic compound. The experiment was analyzed in a completely randomized design using a split-plot scheme with ten replications. There was interaction between environment and substrate on the growth of "jatobazeiro do cerrado" seedlings. At the greenhouse is indicated the use of the Plantmax® and at nurseries screen is recommended the vermiculite. The Plantimax® promoted uniform seedling growth in all environments, especially in greenhouse. The substrate with 100% organic compound is not indicated the formation "jatobazeiro do cerrado" seedling. The Dickson Quality Index is a good standard pattern for seedling quality.
Evaluation of selected phytochemical content of freshly harvested tomato and tomato-based products

The health benefits of tomato have make tomato and its derived products a perfect alternative choice as functional food. The study was carried out to evaluation selected phytochemical contents of freshly harvested tomato and tomato-based products. Freshly harvested tomato and four tomato-based products were analyzed using standard methods. Data were analyzed using computer software for one-way analysis of variance, while Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used to separate means where there is a significant difference. Range of values obtained for phenol, flavonoid, lycopene, and titrable acidity of the samples were 354.42 to 2047.29 mg/kg, 315.98 – 1452.30 mg/kg, 212.18 to 500.79 mg/kg, and 15.93 – 53.19ml/kg. The results showed that tomato-based commercial products are indeed richer in selected phytochemical investigated than freshly harvested tomato.
Characteristics of 6Li Nucleus Cluster

On the base of potential theory the characteristics of Lithium nuclei cluster photodisintegration reactions are considered in the range of very low and intermediate energies. At low energies the important role of E1-multipole and its interference with E2-multipole were considered. The essential point is the different character of interference of Е1and Е2-amplitude for the direct and inverse reactions. If for the direct reaction the interference at scattering in forward semisphere has a constructive character, then in backward semisphere the interference of Е1and Е2-amplitudes – is destructive one. For the inverse reaction the interference has an opposite character: in forward semisphere it is destructive, and in backward semisphere it is constructive. In the energy range above several MeV the E2-multipole becomes dominating.
Alzheimer’s disease-associated peptide A42 mobilizes ER Ca2+ via InsP3R-dependent and -independent mechanisms

Alzheimer’s disease-associated peptide A42 mobilizes ER Ca2+ via InsP3R-dependent and -independent mechanisms Journal Item How to cite: Jensen, Laura E. ; Bultynck, Geert; Luyten, Tomas; Amijee, Hozeefa; Bootman, Martin D. and Roderick, H. Llewelyn (2013). Alzheimer’s disease-associated peptide A42 mobilizes ER Ca2+ via InsP3R-dependent and independent mechanisms. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 6, article no. 36.
Applications of large scale kernel machines for real world human mood estimation

: For many years the kernel methods were the primary tool for machine learning and computer vision. With their bad scalability for large dataset and the development of deep learning methods their usability decreased. In this work we show that the recent development of kernel approximation with random features can be used in real world applications. We build a mood estimation algorithm by utilizing multiple kernel learning approximated by random features. The algorithm is tested on popular large scale dataset and compared with state of the art methods.
The Effects of Health IT Innovation on Throughput Efficiency in the Emergency Department

Overcrowding in United States hospitals’ emergency departments (EDs) has been identified as a significant barrier to receiving high-quality emergency care, resulting from many EDs struggling to properly triage, diagnose, and treat emergency patients in a timely and effective manner. Priority is now being placed on research that explores the effectiveness of possible solutions, such as heightened adoption of IT to advance operational workflow and care services related to diagnostics and information accessibility, with the goal of improving what is called throughput efficiency. However, high costs of technological process innovation as well as usability challenges still impede wide-spanning and rapid implementation of these disruptive solutions. This paper will contribute to the pursuit of better understanding the value of adopting health IT (HIT) to improve ED throughput efficiency. Using data from recent years of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), I investigate two ways in which ED throughput activity changes due to increased HIT sophistication. First, I use a probit model to estimate any statistically and economically significant decreases in the probability of ED mortality resulting from greater HIT sophistication. Second, my analysis turns to workflow efficiency, using a negative binomial regression model to estimate the impact of HIT sophistication on reducing ED waiting room times. The results show a negative and statistically significant ( p < 0.01 ) association between the presence of HIT and the probability of mortality in the ED. However, the marginal impact of an increase in sophistication from basic HIT functionality to advanced HIT functionality was not meaningful. Finally, I do not find a statistically significant impact of HIT sophistication on expected waiting room time. Together, these findings suggest that although technological progress is trending in the right direction to ultimately have a wide-sweeping impact on ED throughput, more progress must be made in order for HIT to directly move the needle on confronting healthcare’s greatest challenges.
DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES FROM ISOLATED MOUSE BLASTOMERES

The potential development of blastomeres isolated from 255 mouse embryos in the 2-cell stage, 283 embryos in the 4-cell stage and 184 embryos in the 8-cell stage was compared. Results indicated that 44.6, 34.9 and 14.0% of these blastomeres, respectively, were capable of forming blastocysts in vitro. Transfers of cloned embryos into synchronized females was unsuccessful.
Plant functional types can predict decade‐scale changes in fire‐prone vegetation

1 Plant functional types (PFTs) are groups of species sharing traits that govern their mechanisms of response to environmental perturbations such as recurring fires, inundation, grazing, biological invasions and global climate change. The key components of a PFT approach are an underlying model of vegetation dynamics for a given system and a classification of functional types based on traits deduced from key processes in the model. 2 Prediction and generalization underpin the potential utility of the PFT approach for understanding ecosystem behaviour. For PFTs to be useful in ecosystem management, they (in concert with their underlying model) must reliably predict vegetation change under given environmental scenarios and they must produce robust generalizations across the species that are classified and the range of environments in which they occur. 3 The efficacy of plant functional types has been explored using various approaches in a wide range of ecosystems. However, very few studies have tested the accuracy and generality of PFT predictions against vegetation changes observed empirically over medium to long time scales. 4 We applied this approach to examine the predictive accuracy and generality of a PFT classification and an associated model of vegetation dynamics for a fire‐prone, species‐rich wet heathland in south‐eastern Australia. We assigned each species to one of six PFTs derived using a deductive approach based on the vital attributes scheme. We measured their initial abundance at a set of sample sites distributed across local environmental gradients. We used the PFT traits and processes in the underlying model to predict qualitative changes in abundance in response to a fire regime scenario observed at the sample sites during a subsequent period of 21 years. We then re‐surveyed the sample sites to compare predictions with observed changes in abundance. 5 The PFTs and their underlying model produced an accurate prediction of average vegetation responses over the 21‐year period. The majority of species within each PFT exhibited the predicted response and few species had strongly opposing responses in different environments. However, not all species within a PFT underwent the predicted direction of change, and responses of individual species were not uniform across the environmental gradients. 6 Synthesis. We conclude that plant functional types based on vital attributes are very useful tools for prediction and generalization in ecosystem management, although interpretations need to be tempered by the fact that PFTs may not accurately predict responses of all species across all environments.
Faunal replacement in the Triassic of South America

ABSTRACT The history of South American therapsids and archosaurs during the Early, Middle and Late Triassic is analyzed. Improvements in the locomotor apparatus are discernible in seven groups of archosaurs and indicate that a great adaptive radiation took place before the oldest recorded fauna dominated by archosaurs appeared. Competition between therapsids and archosaurs began at the outset of the Triassic, when the proterosuchids were cosmopolitan and ceased 10 m.y. before the end of the Triassic. The rich Dicroidium flora and the variety of types of both therapsids and archosaurs were synchronous. The flora probably triggered the radiation in both reptilian groups. It is assumed that the extinction of therapsids was caused by: (a) the locomotor superiority of the Middle and Late Triassic archosaurs; (b) the capability of archosaurs to increase their body size during the Triassic; (c) the appearance of herbivorous archosaurs at the outset of the Late Triassic; and (d) the competitive pressure imposed b.
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| Coffee contains high phenols, especially chlorogenic acid which acts as a modulation of the immune response, and antioxidants. Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is a type of coffee with high levels of chlorogenic acid and high caffeine content which has the potential as an antioxidant so that it can be used as a green coffee extract (GCE). Green coffee extract is made from roasted coffee beans. This study used 48 layer chickens, consisting of 4 treatments and 12 replications consisting of negative controls (healthy chickens without coffee supplementation), T1 (coffee extract dose 500 mg / kg BW), T2 (coffee extract dose 1000 mg / kg BW) and T3 (coffee extract dose 1500 mg / kg body weight. Data in the form of quantitative duodenum organ histopathology using haematoxylin and eosin staining and histopathological picture of duodenum were observed using a microscope and analyzed descriptively, test for Nrf2 and HO-1 with flow cytometri the result of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) extract from lampung had a good effect at a dose of 500 mg / kg body weight against the relative number of Nrf2, HO-1, and histopathological improvement in the duodenum. The conclusion of this study shows that robusta coffe e (Coffea canephora) extract has the potential as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in chickens.
Regulation of a Novel Human Phospholipase C, PLCε, through Membrane Targeting by Ras*

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) plays a pivotal role in regulation of intracellular signal transduction from various receptor molecules. More than 10 members of human PI-PLC isoforms have been identified and classified into three classes β, γ, and δ, which are regulated by distinct mechanisms. Here we report identification of a novel class of human PI-PLC, named PLCε, which is characterized by the presence of a Ras-associating domain at its C terminus and a CDC25-like domain at its N terminus. The Ras-associating domain of PLCε specifically binds to the GTP-bound forms of Ha-Ras and Rap1A. The dissociation constant for Ha-Ras is estimated to be approximately 40 nm, comparable with those of other Ras effectors. Co-expression of an activated Ha-Ras mutant with PLCε induces its translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Upon stimulation with epidermal growth factor, similar translocation of ectopically expressed PLCε is observed, which is inhibited by co-expression of dominant-negative Ha-Ras. Furthermore, using a liposome-based reconstitution assay, it is shown that the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-hydrolyzing activity of PLCε is stimulated in vitro by Ha-Ras in a GTP-dependent manner. These results indicate that Ras directly regulates phosphoinositide breakdown through membrane targeting of PLCε.
Distribution and abundance of Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) off Kaikoura, New Zealand

Boat-based surveys of Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori) were conducted throughout 2013 to evaluate their distribution and abundance off Kaikoura. We conducted a total of 48 surveys and encountered 164 groups of Hector's dolphins. This study showed that Hector's dolphins off Kaikoura preferred areas of shallow, nearshore waters with poor water clarity and that there were more sightings to the north of the Kaikoura Peninsula than to the south. Using photo-identification techniques we identified 47 distinct individuals within the study area and these known individuals were only sighted either north or south of the Kaikoura Canyon. This study, combined with opportunistic sightings data collected from 2005–2013, improves our understanding of habitat use within the Kaikoura area by Hector's dolphins. These data suggest that the canyon area, characterised by very deep waters, could act as a natural barrier dividing the Hector's dolphins off Kaikoura into two separate groups.
Interferon-γ Induces Retinoic Acid–Inducible Gene-I in Endothelial Cells

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induces expression of multiple genes in endothelial cells. Retinoic acid–inducible gene-I (RIG-I) encodes a protein belonging to the DExH-box family, but details of its physiological function are not clear. RIG-I is induced in leukemia cells by retinoic acid and in endothelial cells by lipopolysaccharide. In the present study, the authors found that IFN-γ also induces the expression of RIG-I in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Induction of RIG-I mRNA by IFN-γ was not altered by the treatment with cycloheximide or interleukin-4. Fluorescent immunostaining and Western blot analysis revealed cytoplasmic distribution of RIG-I. The in situ endothelium in a normal lung tissue was also found to express RIG-I protein. Although the physiological function of RIG-I is still unknown, induction of RIG-I by IFN-γ may play an important role in inflammatory or immunological reactions in endothelial cells.
Dispersed cuticles of putative non-vascular plants from the Lower Devonian of Britain

Dispersed cuticles with surface ornamentation recovered from the Lower Old Red Sandstone (Gedinnian) of Hereford and Worcester, England, are described, named and placed in an artificial, morphologically based classification system. Four species of the new genus Cosmochlaina are distinguished on the nature of the ornament. The affinities of the plants covered by such cuticles remain unknown: the cuticles are named to facilitate their use in biogeographic, stratigraphic and evolutionary studies.