Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organic-based microcavities with vibronic progressions: Photoluminescence

We theoretically study the photoluminescence properties of organic-based microcavities with vibronic progressions. We analyze the relaxation from the exciton reservoirs to the polariton anticrossing region; the presence of vibronic levels qualitatively enriches the physics of the system with the appearance of new decay channels. The relaxation dynamics is studied with a master equation and the cavity photoluminescence is obtained from the polariton stationary population. We show that the exciton radiative recombination in which a molecule ends up in a vibrationally excited level of the electronic ground state can lead to qualitatively new features in the cavity luminescence spectrum.
Magnetic Field Dependence of Spectral Correlations between 31P-Containing Metabolites in Brain

Spectral correlations between metabolites in 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectra of human brain were compared at 3 and 7 Tesla, the two commonly used magnetic field strengths for clinical research. It was found that at both field strengths, there are significant correlations between 31P-containing metabolites arising from spectral overlap, and their downfield correlations are markedly altered by the background spectral baseline. Overall, the spectral correlations between 31P-containing metabolites are markedly reduced at 7 Tesla with the increased chemical shift dispersion and the decreased membrane phospholipid signal. The findings provide the quantitative landscape of pre-existing correlations in 31P MRS spectra due to overlapping signals. Detailed procedures for quantifying the pre-existing correlations between 31P-containing metabolites are presented to facilitate incorporation of spectral correlations into statistical modeling in clinical correlation studies.
First observations of microspicules at 4. 8 GHz at the solar limb in polar coronal holes

VLA observations at 4.8, 8.5, and 15 GHz have led to the detection of macrospicules in solar coronal holes. The limb was sharply defined at all three frequencies. The brightness temperatures obtained for the macrospicules lead to an empirical model in which a cool 8000-K core is surrounded by a thin, hotter sheath of 100,000-200,000 K; these features are virtually identical to those derived from EUV observations over 10 years ago. A pinching-off and ballooning is noted at the top of the macrospicules' magnetic structure which may lead to the escape of some of the plasma from the macrospicules' locations. 9 refs.
A New Class of Credibility Estimators Under the Generalized Weighted Premium Principle

The generalized weighted premium includes many classical premium principles. Most important of all, some of them have positive safe-loading. Some work had been done previously, the credibility premium derived under this premium principle cannot be applied to practice directly due to the difficulties of calculation and the estimation of structure parameters. In this article, we consider a new form of credibility estimator under the generalized weighted premium principle. In addition, the consistency of the estimator is shown and the comparisons were analyzed with previous results in the simulations. The results show that this “new” estimator is better than existed estimators under mean square error sense. Finally, the structure parameters in credibility factor were estimated in the models of multitude contracts.
Pollen Evolution in the Genus Echinops (Cardueae, Asteraceae): Deciphering the Origin of Giant Pollen Grains

Premise of research. The genus Echinops is unique among the Cardueae tribe of Asteraceae for presenting two distinctive features, both related to reproductive structures: a syncephalium (=secondary capitulum) and an impressively large pollen grain with a triangular section and probably the thickest of all plant cell walls. While the syncephalium constitutes a synapomorphy for the genus, recent evidence suggests that some Echinops species have pollen similar to that of other Cardueae. This study therefore seeks to contribute insights into the spatiotemporal frame of pollen evolution within the genus. Methodology. Micromorphological characterization was provided for 35 specimens from 28 Echinops species using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen counts were carried out for two Echinops species and Cardopatium corymbosum. Pollen data are discussed in the context of a dated Echinops phylogeny. For comparison purposes, new and published pollen data of 622 Cardueae species and 303 taxa of Vernonieae, another tribe where syncephaly has evolved, were collated. Pivotal results. The “Perennial” Echinops pollen type of huge size and triangular section likely derived from the “Annual” Echinops pollen type, more similar in shape, size, and exine structure to that of other Cardueae. Pollen type transition took place in the genus long after syncephaly evolved. Pollen size increase did not occur at the expense of pollen quantity and could respond to warmer environmental conditions and increased male competition. Conclusions. This study of Echinops pollen evidenced the evolutionary exploration of novel phenotypic space in the genus, most certainly in response to the climatic context in which the species have diversified.
Peripheral neural coding strategies for spectral analysis and sound source location in the nonteleost bony fish, Acipenser fulvescens.

Coding mechanisms for spectral analysis and sound source location were investigated in Acipenser fulvescens, the lake sturgeon. A. fulvescens belongs to one of the few extant nonteleost ray‐finned fishes, with a phylogenetic history that dates back about 200 million years. A shaker system was used to simulate the particle motion component of sound during electrophysiological recordings of isolated single units from the eighth nerve. Data were compared to teleosts and land vertebrates. Peripheral coding strategies for spectral analysis and sound source location in A. fulvescens resembled those found in teleosts. Frequency characteristics generally resembled that of low‐frequency afferents of other fishes and land vertebrates and the auditory periphery in A. fulvescens appears to be well suited to encode the intensity of sound. Eighth nerve afferents responded to directional stimuli in a cosinelike manner (as in teleosts). However, differences from teleosts were found that may have implications for the mech.
Effects of Cu doping on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CoPt nanowires

We studied the effects of copper doping on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CoPt nanowires fabricated in anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) nanotemplates by electrodeposition. The morphological observation indicates well-formed CoPt and CoPtCu nanowires, while the structural analysis shows that fcc-Co3Pt phase exists prior to annealing and is retained in the doped nanowires, with minor hcp-CoPt phase postannealing. The doping causes shrinkage of the lattice spacing prior to annealing due to the insertion of smaller copper atoms. Compared to the undoped CoPt nanowires, the magnetic measurements reveal significant enhancement in the magnetic properties of the CoPtCu nanowire postannealing, resulting in the more rapid increase in the coercivity with annealing temperature.
Co-Occurring Wintertime Flooding and Extreme Wind Over Europe, from Daily to Seasonal Timescales

The risk posed by heavy rain and strong wind is now suspected to be exacerbated by the way they co-occur, yet this remains insufficiently understood to effectively plan and mitigate. This study systematically investigates the correlations between wintertime (Oct–Mar) extremes relating to wind and flooding at all timescales from daily to seasonal. Meteorological reanalysis and river flow datasets are used to explore the historical period, and climate projections at 12 km resolution are analysed to understand the possible effects of future climate change (2061–2080, RCP 8.5). A new flood severity index (FSI) is also developed to complement the existing storm severity index (SSI). Initially, Great Britain (GB) is taken as a comparatively simple yet informative study area, then analysis is extended to the full European domain. Aggregated across GB, wind gusts and precipitation correlate strongly ( 𝑟 𝑠 ∼ 0.6–0.8) at timescales from daily to seasonal, but peak around 10 days. A later peak is seen when considering correlations between wind gusts and river flows (40–60 days). This time is likely needed for catchments’ soils to saturate. A conceptual multi-temporal, multi-process model of GB wintertime flood-wind co-occurrence is proposed as a basis for future investigation. When historical analysis is extended across Europe we find the timescale of maximum correlation varies strongly between nations, likely as a result of different meteorological drivers. Impact focused correlation (FSI–SSI) is lower ( 𝑟 𝑠 ∼ 0.2) but increases notably with climate change at timescales of ∼ 40 days ( 𝑟 𝑠 ∼ 0.4). Tentatively, very severe episodes (i.e., both > 99th percentile) appear heavily influenced by climate change, increasing roughly threefold by 2061–2080 (p < 0.05). The return period of such an event is 16 years historically (compared to 56 years if the two hazards were independent), reduces to 5 years in future. Such metrics provide actionable information for insurers and other stakeholders.
Structure and stability of solutions of the Euler equations: a lagrangian approach

This paper reviews methods that are essentially lagrangian in character for determination of solutions of the Euler equations having prescribed topological characteristics. These methods depend in the first instance on the existence of lagrangian invariants for convected scalar and vector fields. Among these, the helicity invariant for a convected or ‘frozen-in’ vector field has particular significance. These invariants, and the associated topological interpretation are discussed in §§1 and 2. In §3 the method of magnetic relaxation to magnetostatic equilibria of prescribed topology is briefly described. This provides a powerful method for determining steady Euler flows through the well-known exact analogy between Euler flows and magnetostatic equilibria. Stability considerations relating to magnetostatic equilibria obtained in this way and to the analogous Euler flows are reviewed in §4. In §5 the related relaxation procedure is discussed; for two-dimensional and axisymmetric situations this technique provides stable solutions of the Euler equations for which the vorticity field has prescribed topology. The concept of flow signature is described in §6: this is the relevant topological characteristic for two-dimensional or axisymmetric situations, which is conserved during frozen-field relaxation processes. In §§7 and 8, the formation of tangential discontinuities as a normal part of the relaxation process when saddle points of the frozen-field are present is discussed. Section 9 considers briefly the application of these ideas to the theory of vortons, i.e. rotational disturbances that propagate without change of structure in an unbounded fluid. The paper concludes with a brief discussion, with comment on the possible development of the results in the context of turbulence.
Social Elite in Imperial China: Their Destinies as Documented by the Historical Literature and Their Personality as Defined by the Contemporary Five-Factor Model

Background: The association between personality and life outcome has been widely studied in Western countries, and one might question whether the association exists in China. The official documentation from the Twenty-Six Histories of Imperial China, which presents life-long data on the social elite, may offer a convenient way to realize this effort. Meanwhile, a possible association might help identify competent personalities and offer treatment hints for personality disorders or other psychiatric deviations worldwide. Methods: Based on these historical records (about 618–1911 AD) on 18 social elite groups with long longevity (Macrobian group) and 30 with normal lifespans (Control group), we assessed personality traits/facets using the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and destiny using the Destiny Evaluation Questionnaire (DEQ). Results: Compared to the Controls, the Macrobian group scored higher on the DEQ’s Health and Destiny in General and lower on the NEO-PI-R traits Openness to Experience and Extraversion and facets such as Openness to Fantasy, Openness to Aesthetics, Openness to Feelings, Excitement-Seeking, and Self-Consciousness. In the Macrobian group, the Trust and Compliance facets predicted the DEQ’s Family and Marriage and Social Relationships aspects, respectively; Conscientiousness and its facets Dutifulness, Self-Discipline, and Competence predicted Family and Marriage, Career Achievement, and Destiny in General, respectively; and the Self-Consciousness facet predicted worse performance in Career Achievement, Family and Marriage, and Social Relationships and the Depression facet of Destiny in General. In the Control group, Openness to Feelings positively and Anxiety negatively predicted Health. Conclusions: Less self-focused attention and more interdependence between individuals were beneficial to several aspects of individual destiny in Imperial China, which might be profound for the individual career development and clinical treatment of personality disorders in contemporary society.
Using gamification to increase map data production during humanitarian volunteered geographic information (VGI) campaigns

ABSTRACT Volunteered geographic information (VGI) offers a solution to inequalities in authoritative map data that can limit our response to humanitarian crises. However, sustaining voluntary contributions of map data can be difficult and hybrid machine learning-VGI (ML-VGI) workflows developed to encourage sustained volunteer contributions have been demonstrated to be insufficient. Gamification can be used to encourage volunteers to map for longer, however evaluations of gamification to increase humanitarian mapping contributions are rare. Here we develop a gamified humanitarian ML-VGI mapping platform (“Map Safari”) and evaluate the use of game elements to encourage sustained volunteer contributions without reducing contribution quality. Our results suggest that gamification makes mapping more fun, particularly for first time mappers, without degrading map data quality. Competition is demonstrated to be important for encouraging enjoyment of game elements and increasing map data contributions. Future gamified mapping platforms should emphasize competition and ensure there are enough game elements to make platform use feel game-like. This research demonstrates that gamification can be used to encourage continued voluntary contributions of map data thereby increasing the amount of map data available to humanitarian organizations.
Self-consistent determinations of the total amount of matter near the sun.

The combined Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the gravitational potential is solved numerically for detailed Galaxy models whose mass components have been determined previously by a variety of observational techniques. The basic assumption made is that the disk is composed of a finite number of isothermal components. The calculated potential as a function of height above the plane is used to fit the distribution of F stars reported by Hill, Hilditch, and Barnes to a distance of 200 pc. The inferred mass and column densities depend upon the model adopted for the unseen matter. The total mass density at the solar position is 0.185 +- 0.02 M/sub sun/ pc/sup -3/ if the distribution of unobserved matter is proportional to the distribution of observed material, the Bahcall and Soneira Galaxy model is adopted, and the isothermal approximation is valid. The corresponding column density is 67 M/sub sun/ pc/sup -2/, and the disk mass-to-light ratio is (M/L)/sub V/ = 2.9. The total mass and column densities are computed for a number of other assumptions about the unobserved material and the Galaxy model. The inferred mass and column densities are not sensitive to small contaminations or departures from isothermality in the sample of F starsmore » that was used. The unobserved disk material is at least as large as 50% of the total observed disk material in all of the models considered. « less
Current systems in the Jovian magnetosphere

[1] The plasma dynamics in the Jovian magnetosphere is characterized by rapid rotation of the planet. In this paper, a new magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation scheme is developed to precisely calculate the current systems in the Jovian magnetosphere and to relate them with the plasma dynamics. A field-aligned current (FAC) pattern that is expected for the ionosphere to drive the corotation is reproduced in the present simulation result with current away from the ionosphere at lower latitudes and current toward the ionosphere at higher latitudes. In the magnetospheric region, a thin equatorial current sheet with eastward current flowing around Jupiter (ring current) dominates in the middle magnetosphere. By tracing current lines, it is found that the upward FAC on the low-latitude side in the ionosphere is first connected to the ring current and then to the Chapman-Ferraro current through the plasma sheet current. Downward FAC in the high-latitude ionosphere is spirally connected to the tail lobe. From the distribution of J·E, the places of dynamo and energy consumption region are investigated to understand the energy balance associated with the corotation by magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) current system. From these analyses, the FAC, ring current, the Chapman-Ferraro current and plasma distribution in the Jovian magnetosphere are understood as a self-consistently organized structure through corotation and confinement. In addition, some interesting field-line structures and plasmoid formation are found by tracing the magnetic field line.
External Ventricular Drainage: A Practical Guide for Neuro-Anesthesiologists

External ventricular drainage is often considered a life-saving treatment in acute hydrocephalus. Given the large number of discussion points, the ideal management of EVD has not been completely clarified. The objective of this study was to review the most relevant scientific evidence about the management of EVD in its main clinical scenarios. We reviewed the most recent and relevant articles about indications, timing, management, and complications of EVD in neurocritical care, with particular interest in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) using the following keywords alone or matching with one another: intracranial pressure, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, intraventricular hemorrhage, external ventricular drainage, cerebrospinal shunt, intracranial pressure monitoring, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In the management of EVD in SAH, the intermittent drainage strategy is burdened with an elevated risk of complications (e.g., clogged catheter, hemorrhage, and need for replacement). There seems to be more ventriculoperitoneal shunt dependency in rapid weaning approach-managed patients than in those treated with the gradual weaning approach. Although there is no evidence in favor of either strategy, it is conventionally accepted to adopt a continuous drainage approach in TBI patients. Less scientific evidence is available in the literature regarding the management of EVD in patients with severe TBI and intraparenchymal/intraventricular hemorrhage. EVD placement is a necessary treatment in several clinical scenarios. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify precisely how EVD should be managed in different clinical scenarios.
Combination Modality Using Quercetin to Enhance the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer Cells

Simple Summary Currently, castration-resistant prostate cancer has limited therapeutic options and is incurable after it sets in. We undertook this research to see if combination therapy with plant derived natural products are of help in overcoming the limitations of the current standard of care drug regimen. Our results indicate that a combination treatment with the natural flavonoid quercetin sensitizes the cancer cells to lower doses of the standard of care drug docetaxel, thereby reducing drug induced toxicity, and shows additive and synergistic effects with docetaxel for efficient cancer cell killing. We have identified optimum combination doses and treatment approaches for this purpose. The results of the present study provide the research community a novel therapeutic modality to enhance the efficacy of Doc in a nontoxic manner. Abstract The standard of care chemotherapy drug presently used to treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), docetaxel (Doc), also develops chemoresistance, thereby reducing its clinical utility. Since resistance to chemotherapy drugs can be overcome by co-treatment with plant-based bio-active compounds we undertook the present study to evaluate if quercetin (Que), a flavonoid present in plants such as onions, apples, olives, and grapes can enhance the efficacy of Doc. We studied the separate and combined effects of Que and Doc at different doses and different combination approaches in two different prostate cancer cell lines, DU-145 (moderately aggressive) and PC-3 (very aggressive), and assessed the effects of these combinations on viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. Monotherapy with these drugs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity; however, only Doc monotherapy showed a statistically significant difference in IC50 levels (IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.52 nM for PC-3 and IC50 = 2.26 ± 0.22 nM for DU-145). In combination treatment, we used three different treatment approaches (TAP). The concentrations and range analyzed were chosen based on the approximate cytotoxicity of 30–50% when the drugs were used individually. Our observations indicate that the most beneficial effect of the Que and Doc combination was obtained with the TAP-2 approach, which is pre-treatment with all doses of Que for 24 h followed by low doses of Doc for another 24 h. Using this approach, we observed synergism at low concentrations of Doc (0.5 and 1.0 nM) and all concentrations of Que. An additive effect was observed at moderate and high concentrations of Doc (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 nM) and all concentrations of Que in both cell lines. The TAP-2 strategy was also helpful in overcoming Doc resistance in resistant CaP cells. In summary, Que improved the therapeutic effect of Doc in CRPC, and it is proposed that this improvement is mediated through multiple mechanisms. This study provides a novel therapeutic modality for an effective combination using Doc and Que to enhance the efficacy of Doc in an innocuous manner for Doc resistance and CRPC treatment.