Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Cold Region Hydrologic Change to Recent Wetting in a Northern Glaciated Landscape

The Northern Great Plains (NGP) experienced a transition from a long drought cycle to a deluge cycle in the late 1900s. Embedded within this long‐term transition were shorter‐term decadal‐scale dry and wet periods. A recent NGP drought (1999–2004) was followed in 2005 by a wet period that continues to present day. However, how surface hydrology in a northern glaciated landscape responds to increased precipitation is poorly understood and a physically based modeling framework is needed to clarify the underlying processes. This study utilizes a physically based hydrologic model to investigate the impacts of increased precipitation on the water budget by examining its partition into intermediate processes from 2004–2017 in the Mauvais Coulee Basin (MCB). The MCB model evaluations against snow observations (2016–2017) and outlet streamflow observations (2004–2017) imply strong model performance. Simulated snow exhibits high spatiotemporal variation due to variability in precipitation, snow redistribution from stubble fields to wooded areas, and snow accumulation in small depressions. Our modeling results identify two major phases (before and after 2011) exhibiting different hydrologic responses. The period before 2011 is dominated by streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET), while extreme ET dominance is observed after 2011. This switch is due to climatic conditions involving changes in the vapor density difference and depressional and subsurface storage by intermediate processes. A clear contrast in the prewinter soil moisture‐streamflow relationship between before and after 2011 is reported. Our findings help illuminate the important influences of increased precipitation upon the intermediate processes in controlling streamflow in a northern glaciated prairie landscape.
Photoinhibition and the availability of inorganic carbon restrict photosynthesis by surface blooms of cyanobacteria

When buoyant cyanobacteria form a surface bloom, they may obtain inorganic carbon from the water and the atmosphere. In this study, artificial blooms of cyanobacteria were exposed to different concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere and HCO2-1, in the water. The conditions and photosynthetic activity within the bloom were measured with microelectrodes sensing O2, pH, and light. Net rates of photosynthesis increased with the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere (air = 350 ppm). However, even under 3,500 ppm CO2 , reducing the concentration of inorganic carbon in the water reduced rates of photosynthesis. Thus, both air and water acted as sources of inorganic carbon. Bloom formation may give cyanobacteria an advantage in competition for light and inorganic carbon with other groups of phytoplankton; by placing a dense biomass close to the water surface they are able to intercept a large amount of the flux of light and inorganic carbon. The high surface pH produced in the bloom will promote influx of CO2 from the atmosphere by “chemical enhancement. ” The obvious advantage of being close to the water surface may be offset by the risk of photoinhibition at high photon irradiance. The dense packing of colonies in the bloom furthermore caused a high local demand for inorganic carbon and consequently extreme carbon depletion. This combination of high photon irradiance and carbon limitation proved to be especially detrimental in blooms. When the availability of inorganic carbon was restricted, nonphotochemical quenching of fluorescence increased, showing some removal of excess excitation energy, but not to the extent that photodamage was prevented. Depending on the outcome of several interacting processes, surface bloom formation may be advantageous or deleterious for the cyanobacteria involved. This also depends on the environmental conditions to which cells were acclimated prior to bloom formation. Cyanobacteria have a better chance of withstanding the conditions in surface blooms if the cells were already acclimated to high average irradiance prior to floating to the surface.
Growth and Development of the Academic Societies and Animal Production in Korea, China and Asia over the Last 50 Years

The Korean Society of Animal Science (KSAS) was officially born on October 8, 1956 under the leadership of Professor Sang W. Yun of Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea a few years after the end of the Korean War. At that time, there were 0.9 million Korean native cattle, 1.3 million pigs and 8.9 million chickens in Korea. Per capita income for Korea (US$ 66) or China (US$ 59) was about 10% of Asian's average income (US$ 513) in 1956. Korea produced less than 0.2 million M/T of formula feed and consumed 6.1 kg/person/year of animal products. One could say that Korea was an example of an under-developed country in the world. Although the first issue of the Proceedings of the KSAS was published on October 28, 1958, regular quarterly journals of the KSAS were not published until March 1, 1969. Major activities other than publishing its journal were: holding an annual meeting and/or scientific forum at national or international level. The Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) was founded on September 1, 1980 at Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia with founding members from Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, NZ, Philippines and Thailand. Thirteen AAAP Animal Science Congresses have been held in its 28 year history. Hosting countries were Malaysia (1980), Philippines (1982), Korea (1985), NZ (1987), Taiwan (1990), Thailand (1992), Indonesia (1994), Japan (1996), Australia (2000), India (2002), Malaysia (2004), Korea (2006) and Vietnam(2008). In 1988, significant progress of the AAAP was made by creating an official English journal of the AAAP entitled "Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (AJAS)" under the initiative of the KSAS. This journal is now published monthly and distributed to more than 50 countries in the AAAP region and the world. It should be mentioned that the KSAS was able to successfully host the 3 rd AAAP Animal Science Congress in 1985 and the 12th in 2006, as well as the 8 th WCAP in 1998. During the last 50 years of KSAS history, per capita income of Korea increased to US$ 17,690 (268 fold), formula feed production increased to 15 million M/T (97 fold) and consumption of animal products increased to 105 kg/person/year (17 fold). Cattle, pig and chicken numbers also increased to 2.5 million (2.8 fold), 9 million (7.4 fold) and 119 million (13 fold). This trend was also found for China and Asia, even if the rate of growth was slightly lower than that of Korea. It is expected that a similar rate of growth in economics, animal numbers, formula feed production and animal protein intake will likely be achieved by other Asian countries in the 21 st century with somewhat lower rate of development than that of Korea.
Calcium and magnesium in wood of northern hardwood forest species: relations to site characteristics

Improving estimates of the nutrient content of boles in forest ecosystems requires more information on how the chemistry of wood varies with characteristics of the tree and site. We examined Ca and Mg concentrations in wood at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Species examined were the dominant tree species of the northern hardwood forest and the spruce-fir forest. The concentrations of Ca and Mg, respectively, in lightwood of these species, mass weighted by elevation, were 661 and 145 µg/g for sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), 664 and 140 µg/g for American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), 515 and 93 µg/g for yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), 525 and 70 µg/g for red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), 555 and 118 µg/g for balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. ), and 393 and 101 µg/g for white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). There were significant patterns in Ca and Mg concentrations with wood age. The size of the tree was not an important source of variation. Beech showed significantly greate.
Legal Euthanasia in Pastoral Practice: Experiences of Pastors in the Protestant Church in the Netherlands

This representative survey amongst 653 ministers in the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) maps their experiences and views with regard to euthanasia. We found that three-quarters of the ministers have experience with euthanasia requests from their parishioners. Almost two-thirds of them respect a parishioner’s euthanasia request. Differentiating the answers on the basis of modality, we see differences in attitudes, both regarding euthanasia itself and regarding the pastoral approach. Although ministers have considerable experience with euthanasia, the open questions posed reveal that ministers encounter many difficulties and dilemmas: there is urgent need for discussion and support. The article intends to contribute to the search for a best pastoral practice in dealing with euthanasia requests and explores the need for a renewed role for the PKN in the social and political debate on euthanasia.
Effect of Fruit Load on Partitioning of Dry Matter and Energy in Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.)

Received: 21 December 1998 Returned for revision: 23 February 1999 Accepted: 22 April 1999 Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) plants set groups of fruits which generate large variations in the reproductive:vegetative dry weight balance. We studied the influence of fruit number on the partitioning of dry matter and energy between the vegetative and reproductive organs and among the seeds and the various fruit tissues during the development of the first fruits. Over 2 years and on two Charentais cantaloupe cultivars, fruit number was either limited to one or left unrestricted, which led to the setting of two to six fruits. Because of the high lipid content in seeds, the distribution of assimilates was studied in terms of energy equivalent as well as dry weight. Measured dry weights were converted into energy equivalents by calculating the construction cost of tissues from their elemental composition. Seeds diered from other tissues in showing an increase in construction cost, from 1‐ 1t o 1‐ 8gC H # Og ’" d. wt between 10 and 30 d after pollination. For this reason, during the second half of fruit development on plants with unrestricted fruit load, they made up to 31% of the fruit and 12% of the aerial part of the whole plant in terms of dry weight, but 39 and 18% in terms of energy (glucose equivalents). The fraction of assimilates allocated to the fruits showed a saturationtype response to the number of fruits per plant. It did not increase in cultivar Talma above two fruits per plant, which could be due to a decreasing sink strength with fruit rank, whereas cultivar Galoubet maintained a more homogeneous fruit size within plants. At a similar fruit load, the reproductive:vegetative dry weight balance diered between the 2 years of the experiment, probably because of variation in the fruit sink strength. # 1999 Annals of Botany Company
Biohydrogen Production Using Anaerobic Fermentation at Various pH Values

Hydrogen production with waste water can reduce pollution and produce clean energy at the same time. Hydrogen production is affected by many factors. In this experiment, with automatic fermentor, hydrogen and acid production, as well as organic removal rates from brown sugar wastewater by anaerobic cultures at various pH values, are studied. Results showed that the highest hydrogen production efficiency could be achieved when the pH value was maintained at 6.0. The maximum hydrogen production was 61.1mlH2/(g.VSS.d), and COD removal rate reached up to 33.8%, relatively higher than other pH values. The acid production was significantly improved under the condition of pH=4.5. However, the composition of VFAs was similar at the different pH values. The amount of acetic acid and butyric acid was account for about 90% of the final liquor products, and only a little propionic acid has being detected. The TOC removal rate in the system under different pH conditions are increase with pH value, but all below 10%. As the reaction proceeds, the propionic acid accumulation were also observed, higher pH could decrease the producing rate of it.
Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance

In the past few decades, business performance has been approached from a multidimensional perspective, because a pro-active corporate sustainability reporting system for assessing the financial performance of an organization should at least address impacts at the organization and community levels, as well as the resulting associated social impacts. The purpose of this research was to identify the accessibility of corporate sustainability reporting instruments for Romanian managers and their role in increasing the financial performance of organizations. This study concludes that corporate social reporting indicators can be integrated into the reporting of the financial performance of a company and can transform sustainability into tangible value for all interested parties. In addition, the empirical results contribute to the understanding of corporate social responsibility practices; although being non-financial, these seem to be financially meaningful at a certain level after other financial factors are controlled for.
A new unexpected species of Chrysopa Leach from Cyprus with biogeographic remarks (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Summary Cyprus is rich in endemics; however, all but two lacewing species are shared with the mainland. Thus, the discovery of a new morphologically distinct species of chrysopid belonging to the extensively studied genus Chrysopa, Chrysopa niki n. sp. , appears remarkable. While most Chrysopa species differ in relatively subtle morphological characters, the new taxon is set apart from all Western Palaearctic congeners due to a unique combination of pattern, venational, leg and genital characters. The characteristics of C. niki n. sp. suggest that it might be an endemic to Cyprus, not strictly related to other congeners, underlining the importance of the discovery. The biogeography of Cypriot Neuroptera is discussed in light of this new finding.
The Distribution and Life History of South American Freshwater Crabs (Aegla) and Their Role in Trout Streams and Lakes

Abstract Freshwater crabs (Aegla) were collected in Chile and Argentina in 1971 and shipped to California for laboratory observations to determine the desirability of introducing them into California as forage for trout. Stomachs and scales taken from Chilean trout were examined to determine the importance of Aegla in the diet and growth of trout. Aegla made up 66% of the dry weight of the identifiable stomach contents of river-dwelling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and 67% of the stomach contents of river-dwelling brown trout (S. trutta). However, they were not as important as fish in the diets of lake-dwelling trout. The growth rates of Chilean trout sampled from waters containing Aegla were rapid, suggesting that the abundant crab populations probably contribute significantly to the large size attained by Chilean trout. Laboratory observations confirmed that Aegla are detritivores and herbivores; in addition, they were found to be predators. Besides eating detritus and periphyton, they preyed upon aq.
Sorption regulates the fate of the amino acids lysine and leucine in soil aggregates

Amino acids are substrates widely present in soils either in a free or a polymeric state and represent a large input of organic nitrogen into most terrestrial ecosystems. However, their behaviour in soil remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess critically the impact of sorption on the mineralization of two contrastingly charged amino acids, lysine and leucine, in different‐sized, real soil aggregates. In a first experiment, we assessed the spatial variability of amino acid mineralization in aggregates of different sizes. After 1 day of incubation coefficients of variation of leucine mineralization were 33% in aggregates of 2–3 mm, 15% in aggregates of 3–5 mm and 14% in aggregates of 5–7 mm diameter. Coefficients of variation of lysine mineralization were, after 1 day of incubation, 24% in aggregates of 2–3 mm, 26% in aggregates of 3–5 mm and 24% in aggregates of 5–7 mm diameter. Compared with other substrates, this variability is small and could be due to the presence of degrading microorganisms in all aggregates. We also studied the activity of such microorganisms by following the evolution with time of 14C‐amino acids in different compartments within aggregates 3–5 mm diameter (mineralized 14C, microbial biomass 14C, 14C in soil solution and residual 14C in soil). The microorganisms that degrade amino acids were able to assimilate substrates in soil solution immediately and used them preferentially for their growth and not solely for their energy production. For lysine, intense competition between adsorption and assimilation by microorganisms occurred from the start of the incubation period and persisted with time. Our results clearly show that sorption may retard biodegradation of amino acids in soil.
Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs – the Mad Hatter of veterinary internal medicine

Hypoadrenocorticism arises from insufficient adrenal gland function and is also known as Addison’s disease, a rarely occurring disease (0.1%) in dogs. Due to its oscillatory course and overall nonspecific symptoms, it is a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, and is often misdiagnosed or unattended among other differentials. There are two forms of hypoadrenocorticism: primary and secondary. The aim of this study was to analyse the data of dogs suffering from Addison’s disease, treated at the Clinic for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia and to compare them with data from similar institutions worldwide. The archive of Clinic for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia was searched to investigate and statistically analyse signalment, clinical and laboratory data, and the duration of symptoms, treatment protocols and outcome of canine hypoadrenocorticism. The study group included 14 dogs (36% male and 64% female) diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism. All dogs had a history of gastrointestinal symptoms, i.e. vomiting in 100%, diarrhoea in 64% and melena in 7%. Hypovolemic shock was noted in 57%, hypothermia in 64% and bradycardia in 29% of cases. The most frequently observed laboratory abnormalities were an increase in BUN (86%), creatinine (57%) and potassium concentration (79%), and a decrease in sodium (71%), Na/K ratio (86%), cholesterol (21%) and glucose concentration (21%). Duration of symptoms (till ACTH stimulation test performance) was broad, from 2 – 2190 days (median 90±1195.5 days). The outcome was favourable in 100% cases after initiation of adequate treatment.
Developmental morphology of stem galls of Diplolepis nodulosa (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and those modified by the inquiline Periclistus pirata (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Rosa blanda (Rosaceae)

Diplolepis nodulosa (Beutenmuller) induces small, single-chambered, prosoplasmic galls in stems of Rosa blanda Ait. Gall initiation begins when adult females deposit a single egg into the procambium of R. blanda buds. Pith cells at the distal pole of the egg lyse forming a chamber into which the hatching larva enters. Cells lining the chamber differentiate into nutritive cells, which serve as the larval food. Gall growth is characterized by the proliferation of parenchymatous nutritive cells causing gall enlargement. A separate gall vasculature does not form, but instead, gall tissues are irrigated by the existing stem vasculature. Maturation begins when gall tissues cease proliferating and differentiate into distinct layers concentrically arranged around the larval chamber. The innermost layer is composed of cytoplasmically dense nutritive tissue, followed by parenchymatous nutritive tissue, sclerenchyma, cortex, and epidermis. Parenchymatous nutritive tissue differentiates into nutritive tissue and is c.
Influence of enzyme supplementation on intestinal physio chemical characteristics and nutrient digestablity in broilers

Non-Starch Polysaccharide (NSP) in animal feeds is considered as anti nutritive factors in the cell wall of endosperm. Supplementation of NSP hydrolysing enzymes improved metabolizable energy, increased utilization of fat and protein, decreased viscosity of intestinal digesta. The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of supplementation of the NSP hydrolyzing exogenous enzymes to lower the recommended levels of energy and protein in the broiler diet. One hundred and forty four day old straight run Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed to eight treatment groups with two replicates of nine chicks each. The treatment included reduction of 5 or 10% energy or protein or both with and without exogenous multienzyme mix containing cellulose, xylanase, pectinase and protease. The pH of the intestinal content, the relative viscosity of the digesta, amylase activity, tryptic activity, disaccharidase activity, lipase activity and ileal digestibility were determined in the intestinal digesta. The pH was significantly (P
Maize and sunflower yields and soil changes after five years of organic fertilization in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, Brazil

Abstract Effects of annual organic fertilization on maize and sunflower yields and on physical and chemical characteristics of a Fluvisol were evaluated in the semiarid area of Paraiba state, from 2007 to 2011. The experiment was a block design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to one control and three fertilizer treatments (cattle manure and Gliricidia sepium and Croton sonderianus prunings) and two application procedures (soil surface or incorporated in the 0–10 cm layer), with four replications. Maize was grown in the first 3 years and then sunflower was grown for 2 years. Grain and straw yields increased with fertilization, especially in the years of good rains (maize, 0–61%, reaching 3.4 Mg ha−1 of grain; sunflower, 48–112%, reaching 1.4 Mg ha−1 of achenes), differing only slightly between fertilizer types and form of application. All fertilizers incorporated for 5 years reduced water infiltration time (20–50%), but only manure and G. sepium reduced soil bulk density (about 10%) and increased soil porosity (7–10%). Manure increased soil pH (0.7–1.0 units). Surface application of manure and C. sonderianus increased soil organic matter (28 and 72%) and phosphorus concentrations (about 70%). We suggest that, in sites with soil physical problems (slow water infiltration, high soil compaction, and low porosity), organic fertilizers may lead to better responses if incorporated into the soil. If there is a need for greater improvement of soil organic matter, nutrients and water conservation, surface applied organic manure and C. sonderianus may be a better management practice.