Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causal Effects of Cognitive and Affective Factors on Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Performance

Learning to solve problems is one of the primary objectives in teaching and learning mathematics. However, results of the different achievement tests continued to show that problem solving is still one of the least learned skills in mathematics which is attributed to several cognitive and affective factors. This study investigated the direct and indirect effects of the identified cognitive and affective factors on the mathematical problem solving performance (MPSP) of Grade 8 students. The sample consisted of 446 students of whom 196 (44%) were males and 250 (56%) were females. Data were gathered using achievement tests and survey questionnaires. Pearson r, regression and path analyses were used to determine which of the identified factors has/have direct and/or indirect effects on MPSP. Findings revealed that reading comprehension and computational skill have causal effects on MPSP which together explained 29.20% of its variance. Furthermore, results showed that reading comprehension had direct and indirect effects on MPSP while computational skill had only a direct effect. The rest of the variables such as academic motivation, reading attitude, mathematical attitude and mathematical belief had no direct effects on MPSP but only showed indirect effects revealing that these variables acted only as mediators of the effects of one variable to other variables including MPSP.
Interpreting the preliminary outcomes of the arrowsmith Programme: a neuroimaging and behavioural study

ABSTRACT Learning disabilities are currently conceptualised as involving underlying weaknesses in cognitive processing, which has prompted growing interest in cognitive interventions that may alleviate learning challenges. One such programme , the Arrowsmith programme, targets a broad array of cognitive domains, but has not been evaluated. This study evaluated the cognitive and academic growth of students who participated in one academic year of the Arrowsmith programme and examined whether baseline MRI-derived myelin water fraction (MWF) and cognitive abilities were correlated with intervention outcomes. Participants demonstrated overall cognitive and academic growth as well as individual areas in which they improved after one year. Some areas of cognitive and academic growth were significantly correlated, suggesting a relationship in skill improvement. Baseline MWF and cognitive processing were related to higher or lower degrees of skill improvement in some areas. These results suggest that the Arrowsmith programme may be associated with improvements in cognitive and academic skills. In addition, they reflect the importance of considering individual characteristics at baseline when evaluating intervention outcomes.
Psychosocial stress, physical health and self-conscious emotions in adulthood : an exploration of the feasibility of distinguishing between ancient and modern stressors

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Navigating MMPSA: understanding the experiences of individuals convicted of sexual offences taking medication to manage problematic sexual arousal

Problematic sexual arousal (PSA) has been identified as a profound wellbeing issue, as well as a significant risk factor for sexual offending. However, psychological treatment programmes for individuals convicted of sexual offences (ICSOs) do not directly address PSA, potentially resulting in treatment needs relating to this being left unmet. As a result, in 2007 protocols were established within the UK to allow the voluntary pharmacological treatment of ICSOs, alongside psychological treatment, to assist with the management of PSA. This treatment was initially piloted at HMP Whatton before being rolled out as a national treatment pathway with the service termed medication to manage problematic sexual arousal (MMPSA). This thesis presents one strand of the evaluation of this pilot project and explores the lived experiences of ICSOs on this treatment pathway. Specifically, it aimed to understand the development, awareness and management of PSA in ICSOs, explore the lived experiences of those taking MMPSA, explore the nuanced pathways of MMPSA treatment, and consider the potential implications of these experiences in relation to the use of MMPSA with ICSOs. Study 1 (N = 21) uncovered themes related to early sexual experiences, the various functions of sex and the processes of escalation that led to the recognition that participants' sexual arousal levels were problematic. This escalation led participants to make a decision to address their PSA for various reasons, leading to the decision to engage with the MMPSA service. The subsequent studies explored the lived experiences of ICSOs while they were taking different form of MMPSA, namely, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; Study 2; N = 13) and anti-androgens (Study 3; N = 10). While there were some similarities in their experiences, the analyses elicited findings that highlight the differences in relation to their initial motivations, experiences of positive and negative medication effects, and their apparent intentions to continue taking their prescribed medications following release. Study 4 further explored the nuanced treatment journeys that individuals must navigate through MMPSA, establishing six distinct pathways through an analysis of the full clinical evaluation dataset (N = 139). The work in this thesis is original, making important contributions to knowledge in this area, as it represents the first phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of ICSOs taking MMPSA. In doing so, it complements the quantitative evaluation work by providing an additional depth of analysis that is not possible through purely quantitative analyses. Towards the end of the thesis, various recommendations are made about the effective and ethical use of MMPSA. The limitations of this work are also identified, as are opportunities for further research to understand the lived experiences of ICSOs on this developing treatment pathway.
Properties of Pronominal Subjects

The expression and omission of subject personal pronouns – often exemplified by the contrast between canto and yo canto, both meaning ‘I sing’ – is one of the most widely studied features of Spanish syntax. The phenomenon has been tackled from various theoretical and empirical perspectives and using diverse terminology ranging from “pro-drop” in the generative framework to “variable subject expression” in functionally oriented studies. Traditional grammar considers the omission of subject pronouns as the norm and refers to the intuitive notions of contrast and emphasis to account for cases where they are used. However, genuinely contrastive uses of pronominal subjects are rare in practice and the choice between expressing the subject person only by means of bound person marking on the verb (canto) or by both independent subject pronoun and bound person marking (yo canto) is affected by several other factors. While there is extensive evidence that grammatical person and coreferentiality with the previous subject or lack thereof affect subject pronoun expression in all varieties of Spanish, the frequency of expressed subject pronouns differs across dialects. Caribbean Spanish is characterized by high frequency of expressed subject pronouns whereas Mexican and Peninsular varieties display lower rates of subject pronoun expression. Psycholinguistic phenomena like priming of previously used or heard sequences or entrenchment of frequently repeated verb-subject combinations have also been shown to play a crucial role in explaining variable subject expression in spoken discourse. The current chapter sets out by defining the scope of variation in the expression of pronominal subjects and by situating Spanish in a typological perspective with regard to other languages. Next, an overview is provided of the different types of factors that have been found to affect the phenomenon. Finally, we summarize what is known of Spanish subject expression at present and discuss possible directions for future research.
Happy Brain, Healthy Body: Cultivating Vitality to Drive Sustainable Weight Loss

In the United States, nearly 40 percent of adults are overweight, a prevalence that has increased over the past decade. Although Americans spend nearly $33 billion annually on various weight loss solutions, research indicates that most individuals who diet do not lose weight, and even if they do, nearly all of them gain it back within a year. Achieving and maintaining weight loss requires long-term engagement in positive health behaviors such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity, which is often easier said than done. Frequently omitted from the prevailing paradigm of weight loss is the role of our own psychology. The weight loss industry often flaunts the saying “look good, feel good,” implying that once one achieves a healthy weight, happiness will follow. I posit that we should explore “feeling good” – the experience of vitality – as an input rather than solely an output in the weight loss equation. This paper examines vitality and provides evidenceinformed, actionable strategies that can be delivered across various mediums to boost vitality as a means to drive positive health behaviors and sustainable weight loss. While the primary focus of this capstone is a nonclinical, overweight population, a vital experience is beneficial to all.
Estimating classroom-level influences on literacy and numeracy: A twin study.

Classroom-level influences on literacy skills in kindergarten through Grade 2, and on literacy and numeracy skills in Grades 3, 5, 7, and 9, were examined by comparing the similarity of twins who shared or did not share classrooms with each other. We analyzed two samples using structural equation modeling adapted for twin data. The first, Study 1, was of Australia-wide tests of literacy and numeracy, with 1,098; 1,080; 790, and 812 complete twin pairs contributing data for Grades 3, 5, 7, and 9, respectively. The second, Study 2, was of literacy tests from 753 twin pairs from kindergarten through Grade 2, which included a sample of United States and Australian students and was a reanalysis and extension of Byrne et al. (2010). Classroom effects were mostly nonsignificant; they accounted for only 2–3% of variance in achievement when averaged over tests and grades. Although the averaged effects may represent a lower-bound figure for classroom effects, and the design cannot detect classroom influences limited to individual students, the results are at odds with claims in public discourse of substantial classroom-level influences, which are mostly portrayed as teacher effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
School Sector and Climate: An Analysis of K–12 Safety Policies and School Climates in Indiana

Objective We evaluate differences in school‐safety‐related practices and problems between school sectors (private, public charter, and traditional public) in Indiana in 2018. Methods Using survey data collected from 618 school leaders in the state, we empirically examine the relationship between school sector and the reported presence of school‐safety‐related practices and problems occurring at school. Subgroup analyses based on voucher program participation status, school level, and location are also performed. Results After controlling for factors such as school type, enrollment, number of students eligible for the federal free and reduced‐price lunch, the number of minority students and teachers, and urbanicity, we find evidence to suggest that private and charter schools tend to report fewer discipline problems while employing fewer disciplinary practices than traditional public schools. Conclusion Our descriptive results suggest that school sector may play a role in producing positive school environments. Further research is needed to better understand short‐ and long‐run consequences of school safety problems and how school safety and school sector might affect students’ academic and life trajectories.
Whites' physiological and psychological reactions toward affirmative action programs

Discrimination may have negative health effects regardless of the reasons for the discrimination. Thus, there is the need for further exploration on discrimination processes and its importance on the relation to physiological and psychological outcomes (blood pressure, fairness perceptions, and self-esteem). Recent findings have demonstrated physiological reactions to discrimination in minority groups. There is a lack of research, however, on non-minority group members' physiological reactions (e.g., blood pressure) in a context where they may perceive they are unfairly treated. This study examined Whites' perceptions of discrimination and their physiological and psychological reactions toward affirmative action (AA) in conjunction with social identity. Results provide preliminary support to Whites' physiological reactivity when faced with context-specific events that are perceived to be unfair or discriminatory, specifically, affirmative action programs. Furthermore, it was found that as AA prescriptiveness increased, fairness perceptions decreased. Contrary to expectations, Whites' social identity did not moderate the relationship between AA prescriptiveness and blood pressure. These findings provide additional information in the area of
Making connections through realia and storytelling for vocabulary learning with EFL preschoolers

This exploratory qualitative study explores how the use of realia and storytelling facilitates EFL children to make experiential and cognitive connections between real-life objects and words. The research was carried out in a private female school in Bogotá, Colombia with 12 A1 level preschool learners. This study is framed upon grounded theory and mixed-method approaches (statistical analysis) to analyze data. Data was gathered through different instruments such as a preand post-test, a focus group, recorded conversations, a teachers’ journal, and students’ artifacts. Findings revealed that the strategy of making cognitive and experiential connections and the use of realia along with storytelling not only engaged students in learning, increased the number of words they produced and helped them make connections between objects and words to learn new vocabulary but also allowed them to use oral language spontaneously.
MALE AND FEMALE SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS: THE IMPACT OF GENDER ON EMERGING ADULTS

Social media influencers are people who have established a reputation for themselves on social media. Nowadays, a social media influencer has played the important role of a marketing tool for organizations. Organizations use the power of social media influencers to influence and persuade consumers through social media. It is because social media influencers have a huge number of followers in their social media, thus, social media influencers could promote and reach a large number of consumers in a short time. The result is more effective than celebrity endorsement for small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SME). This research is to study the perceptions of emerging adults on the difference between male and female social media influencers’ style of promotion. Qualitative method is used by conducting a focus group and content analysis to compare the impact of male and female social media influencers towards emerging adults. Findings showed that female respondents are influenced by influencers who promote beauty products while male respondents are drawn to technology and gaming products. The most important factors mentioned by the respondents in the impact of the social media influencers’ posts are the entertainment factor and followed by informativeness.
Clinical Profile of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia A Retrospective Case series.

This is a retrospective case series of 24 patients who underwent surgical excision for histopathologically proven cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) at a tertiary care center over a period of two years. The commonest age group involved was 50-60 years (83.3%). Males and females were affected in equal proportion. All patients presented with a growth in the conjunctiva. Impression cytology whenever available was correlated with histopathology(100%). Systemic predisposing factors included xeroderma pigmentosa in one patient(4.16%) and AIDS in two patients(8.33%). Recurrence was found in two patients(8.33%),of which one was managed successfully with topical mitomycin and the other with resurgery.In OSSN,early and prompt surgical intervention is frequently curative.
A REVISIT TO THE PATTERN OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN RURAL AREAS OF JAIPUR DISTRICT OF RAJASTHAN THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF SYNDROMIC CASE MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION-Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a major public health problem in developing countries, so their quantification and study is very important. METHODOLOGY-Case records of 231 patients with RTIs and STIs who attended the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur for a period of seven months from March 2011 to April 2013 were analysed. RESULTS- The total number of cases studied were 231, out of which 137 cases ( 59%) were males and 94 cases (41%) were females , with a ratio of males to females of 1.4 : 1. CONCLUSION -Male to female sex ratio came out almost equal (1.4:1). Majority of females were married 85 cases (90.42%) and almost half of the males were also married 66 cases (48.17%). Viral STIs constitute the major burden of the STI clinic and enhance the susceptibility of an individual to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. Syndromic algorithms have some shortcomings, and they need to be periodically reviewed and adapted to the epidemiological patterns of STI in a given setting.
Making Sense of Social Media Text and the Spread of Rumours in Online Social Networks - An Interdisciplinary Approach

xviii List of Abbreviations Used . xix Acknowledgements . xx Chapter
Prison Officer Self-Legitimacy and Support for Rehabilitation in Ghana

Legitimacy remains a principal issue for prison researchers and managers. However, prison legitimacy literature tends to focus on views held by individuals in custody. Research on prison officer Self-Legitimacy—that is, the prison officers’ belief that the authority vested in them is morally right—remains scanty. Drawing on data from a survey of 1,062 prison officers in Ghana, this study examined both the correlates of prison officer Self-Legitimacy and the links between Self-Legitimacy and Support for Rehabilitation of individuals in custody. The results of multivariate analyses showed that having good Relations with Colleagues and being treated fairly by supervisors enhanced prison officers’ Self-Legitimacy. In turn, Self-Legitimacy was found to increase officers’ Support for Rehabilitation. Finally, perceived Fair Treatment by Supervisors and positive Relations with Individuals in Custody were associated with increased Support for Rehabilitation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Les déterminants technologiques de la persévérance des étudiants dans les cours à distance de niveau collégial : Les modalités de cours jouent-elles un rôle?

L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser les déterminants technologiques de la persévérance dans les cours à distance de niveau collégial (n=61), issus du modèle Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Les résultats des analyses par équations structurelles (Partial Least Square) indiquent que parmi ces derniers déterminants, seulement les conditions facilitantes ont un impact significatif et positif sur l’intention comportementale d’utiliser les technologies des cours à distance (R2=54%) définie comme l’intention de l’étudiant de réaliser ce comportement, qui a son tour a un effet significatif et positif sur la persévérance, définie par l’intention de finir le cours à distance auquel l’étudiant est inscrit (R2=14,2%) et par l’intention de s’inscrire dans le futur dans d’autres cours à distance (R2=65%). Les analyses des ANOVA font ressortir des différences significatives entre les groupes d’étudiants assignés à des modalités différentes de cours à distance sur tous les facteurs technologiques laissant présager que des analyses différenciées, selon la modalité de cours, devraient être envisagées dans le futur. This study aims to identify and analyze the technological determinants of persistence in college distance education courses (N=61), derived from the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The results of the structural equation analyses (Partial Least Square) revealed that among these determinants, only facilitating conditions have a significant and positive impact on the behavioural intention to use distance learning technologies (R2 = 54%) defined as the student’s intention to display this behaviour. Moreover, behavioral intention to use distance learning technologies has a significant and positive effect on persistence, defined as the intention to finish the distance education course in which the student is enrolled (R2 = 14.2 %) and the intention to enroll in other distance education courses in the future (R2 = 65%). The ANOVA analyses revealed significant differences between the groups of students assigned to different courses delivery modes on all the technological factors, suggesting that differentiated analyses, depending on the course delivery mode, should be performed in the future.
The influence of teacher performance and motivation on the management of sports education learning set

Management of learning devices is an important factor supporting the success of physical education teachers in teaching, many previous studies have revealed this but there are still many limitations, especially in the discussion of teacher motivation and performance has an influence on the management of learning tools. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of performance and motivation of physical education teachers on the management of learning devices. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research, using survey methods. Data collection techniques in this study used questionnaires. The population in this study were sports and health physical education teachers at State and Private Vocational Schools in Sleman Regency. The study sample was 66 teachers. The research data analysis technique uses quantitative descriptive analysis with percentages. The results showed that F shows F count of 40.307 greater than F table at a significance level of 5% of 3.1428 (40.307>3.1428), this indicates that teacher performance (X1) and teacher motivation (X2) are jointly the same contributes significantly to the learning device management variable (Y).