Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CALOGÊNESE E RIZOGÊNESE EM EXPLANTES DE MOGNO (Swietenia macrophylla King) CULTIVADOS IN VITRO CALLOGENESIS AND RHIZOGENESIS IN MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla King) EXPLANTS CULTURED in vitro

The indiscriminate exploitation of tropical trees in a search for economically valuable species leads to the risk of extinction of several species. This is the case of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) in Brazil. The establishment of a method of direct or indirect bud regeneration could help to produce a great number of plantlets and could constitute an alternative to sexual propagation. The latter is limited by the fact that mahogany seeds lose their germinative power soon after harvest. In this work, two kinds of explants were used: leaf and root fragments from in vitro cultured plants. After disinfection, the explants were cultured in petri dishes containing modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) culture medium, with three-quarters of salt concentration, vitamins, 30 g.L -1 sucrose and 7 g.L -1 agar. The combinations of growth substances were: naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA 0.11 μM and 0.54 μM) and one type of cytokinin, kinetin (CIN 1.2 μM, 2.3 μM, 4.7 μM and 9.3 μM), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA 2.2 μM, 4.4 μM and 8.8 μM) or 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP 2.5 μM). The variables were the concentration and combinations of the growth regulators and the explant origin.The cultures were evaluated every 30 days, the number of explants forming calluses or roots was recorded and the callus consistency was observed. Calluses were formed in both kinds of explants. In leaf explants, 90% of explants formed callus when culture medium contained 4.4 μM BA with 0.54 μM ANA and 8.9 μM BA with 0.11 or 0.54 μM ANA. For root explants, the combination that gave the highest number of calluses was 2.2 μM BA and 0.54 μM ANA and 55% of them formed callus. Adventitious roots were regenerated from leaf calluses or directly from leaf lamina cultured in media containing CIN and ANA.
The rabbit caecal microbiota: development, composition and its role in the prevention of digestive diseases - a review on recent literature in the light of molecular genetic methods.

The caecum (and its microbiota) is essential to pre serve the rabbit’s digestive health. The intestinal microbiota is made up of hundreds of bacterium species, but only 25-40% can be cultured by the classical microbiological te chniques. The aim of this paper is to summarize the development, composition and role of the caecal microbiota of rabbits; and the results of modern molecular biological meth ods.
KEY FACTORS DRIVING THE FORAGING ECOLOGY OF ORIBI: FEAR, CATTLE AND THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF FOOD

Body size and digestive physiology are two factors that influence herbivores foraging behaviour, habitat use and potential to compete with other animals. The aim of this study was to determine how seasonal changes in grass quality, interactions with cattle, and perceived predation risk influenced oribi (Ourebia ourebi) foraging and landscape use. Oribi are one of the smallest pure grazing ruminants. As a result, they should select high quality vegetation. In line with this, I found that throughout the study oribi fed selectively over multiple spatial scales ranging from plant parts to habitats. By focussing on green grass within these different scales, oribi were able to maintain their crude protein intake needed for maintenance. Throughout South Africa, oribi frequently interact with cattle. Due to their differences in body size and nutritional requirements, there should be sufficient resource partitioning to avoid competition. However, I found that the nature of the interspecific interactions (i.e. competition or facilitation) between these species depended on season and cattle stocking rates. During the wet season, cattle facilitated oribi by providing high quality regrowth. However, at high stocking rates, cattle indirectly competed with oribi during the dry season via the impacts of their wet season grazing. Specifically, intense wet season grazing by cattle reduced the availability of high quality grass for oribi in the dry season. This was not the case at low and intermediate stocking rates. Differences in food availability and predation risk across habitats can influence how herbivores utilise landscapes. I found that predation risk greatly affected oribi foraging behaviour, with oribi preferring to feed in safer rather than riskier habitats. However, when food availability increased in these risky habitats, oribi increased their risk-taking behaviour at both smalland large-scales within these risky areas. Ultimately, this suggests that oribi trade-off between predation risk and food
ASSESSMENT OF EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.) GENOTYPES UNDER NORTH SINAI CONDITIONS

The present investigation aimed to assess twenty genotypes of eggplant under open field conditions of El-Arish region during two seasons (2016 and 2017) at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University. The evaluation was conducted using a randomized complete block design in three replications. Results of mean performance showed highly significant differences among genotypes for all traits, the best lines were Jor-2 for early flowering, PIG-4 for both early and total yield (kg/plant) and Spa-3 for average fruit weight (g). Estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits. However, close estimates of GCV and PCV indicated that genetic variance contributed with large portion in phenotypic expression of most characters. Therefore, phenotypic selection is effective and suitable for improvement. The genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variation were moderate for plant height, early yield/plant, total yield and fruit firmness. On the other hand, estimations were high for number of branches/plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and TSS (%), indicating sufficient genetic variability for these traits and so, genetic improvement through selection is effective. Heritability estimates in broad sense were high for early yield/plant, total yield /plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and TSS (%). High heritability accompanied with high GAM were found for early yield/plant, total yield/plant, average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and TSS (%) , suggesting preponderance of additive gene action and improvement through selection is effective. The genetic divergence based on Euclidean distance among twenty genotypes were grouped into five divergent clusters. The pattern of distribution showed that cluster 5 involved the largest number (nine lines), followed by cluster 1 (consisted of six lines) and cluster 4 (included three lines). While, both clusters 2 and 3 involved one genotype. Cluster means showed that first cluster gave high performance for only fruit firmness, second cluster recorded the highest mean values for total yield /plant, fruit length and TSS (%). also, third cluster produced the highest mean value for plant height, early yield/plant, average fruit weight and fruit diameter. However, fourth cluster exhibited maximum values for number of branches/plant and early flowering. So, more emphasis should be given on clusters 1, 2, 3 and 4 for choosing parents for crossing which may produce new recombinants with desired economic traits.
Multi-species Evaluation of Human Risk of West Nile Virus Infection, Saskatchewan 2003

MULTI-SPECIES EVALUATION OF HUMAN RISK OF WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTION, SASKATCHEWAN, 2003 Rebecca L. A. Corrigan Supervisor: Hugh G. G. Townsend University of Saskatchewan, 2005 In an effort to monitor WNV across Saskatchewan, the provincial health authority and collaborators established an integrated surveillance system for WNV. Surveillance included both human and animal components, as well as environmental variables including precipitation, growing degree days (GDDs), ecozone and landcover. Post-season analysis of the integrated surveillance system included investigating which surveillance variables were successful in predicting human risk of WNV infection in the same areas, determining if clinical horse case data could be used to predict future human cases of WNV, and establishing if early-season seroconversion in sentinel horse herds could predict occurrence of human cases in the same areas. Cluster analysis revealed significant clusters of human and horse cases of WNV in space, time, and space-time; however, only space-time clusters of horse cases preceded human cases by one week in the same area. Significant spatial clusters of human and horse cases did not occur in the same areas. Both human and horse cases clustered during the same time period under temporal analysis. Spatial regression analyses were used to determine which components of surveillance predicted increasing risk of disease in humans and horses in the same regions where surveillance variables were collected. Environmental variables predictive of increasing risk of human cases of WNV included increasing maximum
Phenotypic and Genomic Evolution during a 20,000‐Generation Experiment with the Bacterium Escherichia coli

225 *Acknowledgments: Many individuals have contributed to this long-term experiment. Rather than trying to list everyone here, I will let the literature cited record many of the contributions of the graduate students, postdoctoral associates, and colleagues who have worked on this project. However, I want to emphasize the contributions of a few individuals in particular. Michael Rose played an important role in getting this project started, as his own long-term study selecting for delayed senescence in fruitflies provided an elegant model to emulate. The E. coli experiment has depended on the dedication of three outstanding technicians over the years: Sue Simpson, Lynette Ekunwe, and Neerja Hajela. And Madeleine Lenski has tolerated my long-term “affair” with this experiment. This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (currently grant DEB9981397) and by Michigan State University. James Crow and Jules Janick provided many helpful comments on this paper. 4112 P-08 10/30/03 9:09 AM Page 225
Influence of Row Spacing on Competitiveness and Yield of Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Peanuts [Arachis hypogaea (L.) ‘Florunner’], infested with sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) and Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. ] were grown in 20.3-, 40.6-, and 81.2-cm rows on Dothan sandy loam at Headland, Alabama, and on Greenville sandy clay loam at Plains, Georgia. In-row seeding rates were equal, regardless of row width. Peanuts were maintained free of sicklepod and Florida beggarweed for 0, 2, and 5 weeks after emergence or throughout the season. In either the absence or presence of weeds, peanut yields generally increased with decreasing row width. Quality of peanuts was not adversely affected; in fact, desirable attributes such as percent sound mature kernels (SMK's) were sometimes increased as the row width decreased. Weed growth with close rows was much less than with standard 81.2-cm rows. Although yields of peanuts were lower with increasing time of weed competition, the influence of row spacing on competitiveness of the peanut canopy remained relatively constant on both soil types. Generally, weeds from either seeded or natural stands produced equivalent competitive results.
Chemical composition and amino acids profile of Leucaena leucocephala seeds.

The utilization of grain legumes such as Leucaena leucocephala by the feed industry is limited because of uncertainty about their nutritional quality. Although the analyzed total amino acid and energy contents of many grain legumes are quite similar, their protein qualities and metabolizable energy values are quite variable. Leucaena leucocephala seeds were analyzed for chemical composition and amino acids profile. The analyzed nutrient composition indicated that leucaena seeds are potential source of protein and energy. The protein content was 31.1% and the calculated metabolizable energy of the seeds was 2573.26 kcal/kg. Amino acids profile of leucaena seeds were 1.39% lysine%, 0.36% methionine, 0.35% cystine, 2.62% arginine, 4.63% glutamic acid, 0.87% threonine, 1.38% glycine, 1.11% alanine, 1.11% valine, 0.93% isoleucine, 1.81% leucine and 0.71% methionine + cystine. Antinutritional Factors (ANFs) were 0.75% tannin and 697.50 mg/100g phytate. Leucaena seed was incorporated at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% in broiler chicks' diets. One hundred twenty one-day old unsexed broilers (Ross 308) were used. The performance revealed that, the overall feed intake and body weight gain were significantly (p<0.01) depressed with the inclusion of 6, 9 and 12% leucaena seeds in the diet.
Efeito da adio de diferentes fontes de clcio no movimento de ctions em colunas de solo

No estudo realizado em colunas de solo montadas em laboratorio, procurou-se avaliar o movimento do calcio, e de outros cations, apos aplicacao de calcario agricola, gesso, calcario calcinado e uma mistura de calcario agricola e gesso, comparados com um tratamento testemunha, em dois latossolos vermelho escuros de texturas diferentes: media e argilosa. Utilizaram-se colunas de PVC, com 5cm de diâmetro e 45cm de altura, e aplicaram-se em cada coluna 1,8 litros de agua, parcelados em quatro vezes. Determinaram-se os cations trocaveis presentes na agua percolada e, no final do experimento, em cinco profundidades de cada solo. Os resultados mostraram que nos tratamentos gesso e calcario mais gesso as quantidades de Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ e Al3+ na solucao percolada foram maiores, enquanto que os tratamentos calcario agricola e calcario calcinado nao promoveram perdas significativas de cations. As maiores perdas ocorreram na primeira percolacao no solo de textura media e na segunda no solo de textura argilosa. O gesso nao modificou o pH dos solos, mas reduziu teores de bases no solo argiloso, enquanto que os calcarios corrigiram o solo apenas proximo a camada de incorporacao.
Inter-rater reliability for visual acuity, refractive error, corneal reflex, and inter-pupillary distance among two masked optometrists in school children population: a pilot study

Purpose: To observe the inter-rater reliability between the observers for visual acuity, refractive error, corneal reflex, and inter-pupillary distance. Methods: A random subset of 50 students from primary (1st to 4th grade), higher primary (5th to 7th grade) and secondary school (8th to 10th grade), for a total of 150 students were selected by stratified sampling from the prevalence study VARES (Visual acuity, refractive error, and squint) performed among 1752 school children of Udupi district, India in 2013-2014. The Institutional Ethical Committee & District Health Administration board permission was acquired. There were two examiners: Examiner 1 (JT), a qualified optometrist with two years of experience, and Examiner 2 (MT), an optometry student. Examiners 1 and 2 performed a single measurement for visual acuity using the COMPlog computerized logMAR vision chart at 3 metres; Landolt C or Sloan letter optotypes used. Refractive error, corneal reflex, and inter-pupillary distance was measured by Plusoptix Power-refractor twice by Examiner 1 and thrice by Examiner 2; the average of each value was considered for analysis. Data was tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical significance was considered p < 0.05. The agreement between the observers for the two procedures was traced by a Bland-Altman plot. Results: The mean age of the students was 10.21 years (± 2.80 SD). The measurement of agreement for visual acuity (COMPlog) between the examiners was tested using Kappa statistics with 0.79 for OD, p < 0.05 and 1.0 for OS, p < 0.05 supported by Wilcoxon sign rank test showing 0.067 for OD and 0.564 for OS between the observers. The Bland-Altman plot also showed good agreement between the observers. Paired t-test for refractive error showed 0.117 (CI: -0.11­–0.10) for OD & 0.067 (CI: -0.005–0.157) for OS, with Bland-Altman plot showing good agreement between the observers. Paired t-test showed 0.323 for corneal reflex and 0.520 for inter-pupillary distance. Conclusion: From the results we report that there is no interobserver variability for visual acuity, refractive error, corneal reflex and inter-pupillary distance in school screening with COMPlog and Plusoptix A09.
Sexual size dimorphism in birds

Birds provide excellent model organisms for testing functional explanations of sexual size dimorphism (SSD), since many species are exceptionally wellstudied in nature. This chapter reviews four major functional hypotheses of SSD, and tests these using data on five morphometric traits from over 2,500 bird species. This comprehensive analysis reveals that SSD is male-biased in most avian species and families, and that allometry consistent with Rensch's rule occurs in significantly more avian families than expected by chance. Using cross-species analyses, the chapter shows that the pattern of SSD is most consistent with patterns of sexual selection, specifically with the Mating competition and the Display agility hypotheses. Sexual selection, however, is unlikely to explain all variation in SSD, and further work is essential on ecological use of resources and fecundity selection.
Morphology, development and reproduction of Pyrgomorpha vignaudii (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

Pyrgomorpha vignaudii (Guérin‐Méneville, 1849) is a pest of a wide variety of crop plants in Africa. To facilitate the search for a sustainable strategy against this pest, we have studied the post‐embryonic development, morphology and reproduction on Manihot esculenta in the laboratory. Five‐hundred and two larvae at the first stage of development obtained in the laboratory were individually reared in cages. Post‐embryonic development passed through seven stages. The total number of days spent for larval development varied from 77 to 108. The mean duration of development of stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 larvae were, respectively, 16.48 ± 0.43, 14.40 ± 0.55, 13.70 ± 0.61, 15.07 ± 0.84, 15.21 ± 1.31 and 16.21 ± 1.27 days. After the final molt, the females of P. vignaudii take an average of 12.7 ± 1.04 days before the first mating. The time between the first mating and first oviposition ranged from 14 to 34 days (averagely 25.2 ± 4.62 days). The females realized one to nine ovipositions during their lives. The number of eggs per egg‐pods (ootheca) varied from 16 to 93 with a mean of 45.31 ± 3.51. Our results provide valuable information for the search for a control strategy against P. vignaudii.
Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology

Essential for USMLE review and medical microbiology coursework! Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology is a succinct, high-yield review of the medically important aspects of microbiology and immunology. It covers both the basic and clinical aspects of bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology and also discusses important infectious diseases using an organ system approach. The book emphasizes the real-world clinical application of microbiology and immunology to infectious diseases and offers a unique mix of narrative text, color images, tables and figures, QA 50 clinical cases illustrate the importance of basic science in clinical diagnosis; a complete USMLE-style practice exam consisting of 80 questions; pearls for the USMLE impart important basic science information; concise summaries of medically important microorganisms; self-assessment questions with answers appear at the end of almost every chapter; color images depict clinically important findings; gram stains of bacteria, electron micrographs of viruses, and microscopic images depict fungi, protozoa, and worms; and nine new chapters on infectious diseases from an organ system perspective.
The specific characters of Sacculina rotundata Miers and Sacculina yatsui nov. spec

In a previous paper (Boschma, 1935) I made some remarks concerning the parasites of Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall from Japan, viz., Sacculina confragosa and the specimens mentioned then under the name Sacculina rotundata. The latter parasite, indeed, shows some resemblance to S. rotundata, but a closer examination of its characters shows that it is specifically distinct from this species. It appears to be a new species which is described in the present paper as Sacculina yatsui. Moreover the results of a more or less detailed investigation on Sacculina rotundata are given here to show the differences between the two species. Sacculina yatsui nov. spec. Sacculina rotundata: Boschma 1935. Material examined: Sagami Bay, 1901, Dr. Haberer. Zool. Museum Munich. 2 specimens. Sagami Bay, March 1903, Dr. Haberer. Zool. Museum Munich. 2 specimens. Aburatsuko, Misaki, litoral, August 1929, Prof. A. S. Pearse. Museum Leiden. I specimen1). Misaki, Marine Biol. Sta. , 1930, Prof. Naohide Yatsu. Museum Leiden. 5 specimens (holotype and paratypes). Shimoda, Shizuo-ken, sea shore near Marine Biological Laboratory, May 3, 1934, Prof. Yaichiro Okada. Museum Leiden. 3 specimens. All the specimens mentioned above are parasites of Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall. Diagnosis. Male genital organs in the posterior part of the body, outside the visceral mass. Testes more or less globular. Colleteric 1) The statement in my previous paper (Boschma, 1935, p. 152) is erroneous;
Determining the genetic origin of Mexican creole sheep (Ovis aries) by cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene analysis.

In order to learn about the mitochondrial genetic origin of Mexican creole sheep populations, blood samples from 106 of these animals were collected in the Mexican States of Chiapas, Puebla, Morelos, Hidalgo and Veracruz. Samples were collected from creole-Suffolk admixed (n=23), Pelibuey (n=15) and Black Belly (n=6) sheep. Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (COXI) is located in the mitochondrion. This fragment has a polymorphic site for the HinfI enzyme in the 5562-5566 position that allows for differentiating between Asian and European genotypes of Ovis aries. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used. A 1053 base pair (bp) fragment of the COX 1 gene was amplified then digested with the HinfI restriction enzyme. All samples from creole sheep and creole crosses revealed the genotype B of the COX 1 gene. Nevertheless, only one Black Belly animal had genotype A. Therefore, local Mexican sheep (creole, Chiapas and Pelibuey breeds) belong to the European lineage. Evidence exists that animals descending from Western Africa sheep possess Asiatic mitochondria.
Classification of Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) Cultivars in Java using AFLP Markers

Elephant foot yams (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, synonym of A. campanulatus Decaisne) used to be an important staple food in the 1940s and 1950s in Java, where they were cultivated in home gardens or collected from forests. Since the 1960s, elephant foot yams have been consumed only when rice production was low as a result of long dry season spells in most regions. To prevent the erosion of plant genetic resources, the Indonesian government initiated conservation programs for plants such as elephant foot yam in the 1990s. They planned to increase the yield of elephant foot yams for use as industrial raw materials (Ermiati and Laksmanahardja, 1996). Although information about genetic variations is important for breeding programs, there have been few studies on the characterization of elephant foot yam accessions. Recently, Santosa et al. (2002b) divided 32 accessions into three groups based on morphological leaf characters. They pointed out the possibility that classification based on morphological characters was related to differences in growth habitats, i.e., lowland and upland areas. The purpose of the present study was to investigate intraspecific variations in elephant foot yams in Java using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and to clarify the relationships among the classification based on AFLP markers, growth habitat and geographic origin. Materials and Methods