Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Evolution of the Eastern Chalk Draw Fault during Basin and Range Extension: Evaluating the Role Played by Preexisting Structural Fabrics in Along-Strike Displacement Patterns

Basin and Range extensional structures in Trans-Pecos Texas have been interpreted to be strongly influenced by preexisting structures, including igneous centers in the Big Bend region. These igneous centers are interpreted to have deflected propagating faults, as they are rheologically strong relative to the surrounding rocks. We conducted detailed field mapping and analysis of fracture and fault data along the eastern segment of the Chalk Draw Fault in Big Bend National Park to evaluate its kinematic evolution and interaction with Paleogene plutons. Our primary results document the following key relationships: (1) the Rosillos Laccolith and other Paleogene plutons in the study area are pervasively fractured, dominantly by northwest-striking mode I fractures, which generally do not extend into adjacent sedimentary rock sequences; (2) throw on the eastern Chalk Draw Fault is strongly asymmetric, decreasing rapidly as it enters the Rosillos Laccolith; and (3) analysis of fault-slip data in the region documents dominantly N 52° E–directed regional extension along the northwest-striking segment of the Chalk Draw Fault and secondary structures. We interpret these relationships to indicate that the Rosillos Laccolith developed pervasive mode I fractures with a dominant northwest-southeast orientation during cooling under Basin and Range extensional stresses but that this occurred prior to extensional faulting within the region. We suggest that the highly fractured nature of the Rosillos Laccolith resulted in it being rheologically weaker than the surrounding Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, which resulted in (1) hindering southward propagation of the Chalk Draw Fault by dissipating stress at the fault tip within the highly fractured laccolith and (2) the strongly asymmetric distribution of slip due to a strong rheological contrast during fault propagation.
A Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Tanzania

Home to the Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Crater, and Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania offers some of the finest big game watching in the world, from elephants and rhinos to chimpanzees and lions. This field guide covers all the larger mammals of Tanzania, including marine mammals and some newly discovered species. Detailed accounts are provided for more than 135 species, along with color photos, color illustrations of marine mammals, and distribution maps. Accounts for land species give information on identification, subspecies, similar species, ecology, behavior, distribution, conservation status, and where best to see each species. The guide also features plates with side-by-side photographic comparisons of species that are easily confused, as well as first-time-ever species checklists for every national park.The definitive, most up-to-date field guide to the larger mammals of Tanzania, including marine mammalsFeatures detailed species accounts and numerous color photos throughoutProvides tips on where to see each speciesIncludes species checklists for every national park
in a Pediatric Population: Risk Factors for Sacroiliitis

Objective. Pediatric rheumatologists may have an opportunity to diagnose sacroiliitis in its early stages, prior to the development of irreversible radiographic changes. Early diagnosis frequently requires magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the use of which is limited by expense and requirement for sedation. We set out to identify features of juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) associated with the highest risk of sacroiliitis, to identify patients who may be candidates for routine MRI-based screening. Methods. We reviewed the charts of 143 children seen at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children diagnosed with SpA based on the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria for enthesitis-related arthritis or the Amor criteria for SpA. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for sacroiliitis. Results. A group of 143 children were diagnosed with SpA. Consistent with the diagnosis of SpA, 16% had psoriasis, 43% had enthesitis, 9.8% had acute anterior uveitis, and 70% were HLA-B27+. Fifty-three children had sacroiliitis, of which 11 cases were identified by imaging studies in the absence of suggestive symptoms or physical examination findings. Logistic regression analysis revealed that hip arthritis was a positive predictor of sacroiliitis, while dactylitis was a negative predictor. Conclusion. Children with SpA are at risk for sacroiliitis, which may be present in the absence of suggestive symptoms or physical examination findings. The major risk factor for sacroiliitis is hip arthritis, while dactylitis may be protective. Routine screening by MRI should be considered in patients at high risk of developing sacroiliitis. (First Release August 1 2010; J Rheumatol 2010;37:2402
the role of

Previous scholarship has reported contradictory results regarding the impact of involvement by immigrant-origin individuals (IOIs) in ethnic organizations on political participation. In this article we assess the effect of involvement in different types of organizations (ethnic, pan-immigrant and native) on participation in various types of political activities. We use cross-national micro-data from a population survey undertaken in 2004-2008 to IOIs in 9 European cities. Our findings indicate that ethnic organizations perform an integrative function for IOIs in the political sphere, but they mainly affect participation linked to immigration-related issues concerning specific ethnic groups and IOIs. Moreover, most effects of involvement in ethnic organizations on the different types of political participation examined are similar in closed and in open political opportunity structures (POS). We only find evidence of a moderating effect of the POS such that involvement in ethnic organizations depresses conventional political action in open POS settings while it increases political action in closed
Hydrologic dynamics control dissolved organic matter export from watersheds: Fields-scale processes in a small, artificially drained agricultural catchment, and patterns across ecosystems

by Rebecca Anne Bellmore, Ph.D. Washington State University December 2014 Chair: John A. Harrison Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of nutrient cycling and energy transfer within and between ecosystems. Understanding controls over the magnitude and quality of DOM that is transferred from soils to surface water is needed to better characterize the terrestrial-aquatic carbon flux and effects of terrestrial DOM on downstream ecosystems. A meta-analysis of the response of in-stream dissolved organic nitrogen concentration (DON) to high flow events indicates that DON typically increases with flow across a wide range of ecosystem types, likely as novel DOM sources in the landscape are mobilized and transported to streams and rivers. Mechanisms controlling DOM export, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON concentrations and the quality of DOM, were examined in a small agricultural catchment in eastern Washington State. In the soil column, DOC concentration declined and source of DOM shifted from humic-like and plant-derived to microbially-derived with depth through the profile. Across seasons and years, DOM exported via drain discharge during low flows resembled that found deep in the soil profile, and DOM exported during high flows suggests topsoil and litter sources contribute to export. A simple mixing model suggests that litter leachate can contribute over 50% of DOM during peak flow. Based on modeled
Towards a reverse image. Botanical research into the landscape history of the eastern Netherlands (1100 B.C.—A.D. 1500)

ABSTRACT Analysis of a large number of pollen samples from pools and wells has led to a more detailed understanding of the vegetation development in the eastern Netherlands between c. 1100 B.c. and A.D. 1500. During the Neolithic and the Bronze Age settlements were islands within a forest landscape, with natural clearings as the obvious starting points for further exploitation. Especially during the Iron Age the higher grounds became rapidly deforested. A semi-open landscape was formed relatively quickly, as was the case in the northern Dutch sandy areas. The Iron Age and Roman period landscape seems to have been almost as open as it would be during the Middle Ages, something which has also been established for south-east England. Deforestation proceeded at a slower pace in the lower and wetter parts of the landscape, but here too the effects of human presence are already visible during late prehistory, at least in the proximity of settlements. A sharp increase of heath can be observed, the result of deforestation and soil exhaustion. Sometimes it is grasses that increase rather than heather, as was probably the case on relatively fertile and degradation-resistant soil types. The late prehistoric mosaic landscape was probably still characterised by a high degree of spatial dynamics. On the other hand, many of the medieval and younger essen (open fields) are likely to have been open areas and to have been in continuous use for agriculture from the Iron Age until the present day. These areas had apparently become stable elements in an otherwise dynamic landscape long before the Middle Ages.
Palaeomagnetic Stratigraphy of Tertiary Lavas from Northern Ireland

Summary Three lava profiles, sampled at 1-3 km and 2.3 kni spacings, overlap stratigraphically as proven by two geological marker horizons. Groups of several successive lavas often have remarkably coherent directions of magnetization. Further, on three occasions, a group of lavas in one profile correlates palaeomagnetically with a group in another profile, and these correlations agree very well with the geological marker horizons. A lava-mean ug5 of 3- 1 " makes possible palaeomagnetic stratigraphy based on secular variation, apparently within one polarity epoch (reversed). Since many lavas seem to have recorded virtually the same magnetic field, 54 distinct lavas contribute only 25 distinct spot values of the ancient field, from which we deduce a mean pole position at 69.6" N and 162.9" E, with P = 5" and M = 7".
The Association of Blood Serum Atherogenicity with Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) caused by atherosclerosis are the most frequent cause of mortality worldwide, so the identification of new biomarkers of atherosclerosis development is quite actual. The atherogenicity of blood serum is considered as the potential of human serum to cause cholesterol accumulation in primary culture macrophages. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of the atherogenicity of blood serum with conventional cardiovascular risk factors to assess its potential in CVD prognosis. Serum atherogenicity was measured in 815 study CVD-free participants at baseline and at the follow-up visit after 5 years. 51% of study participants had atherogenic serum at baseline, but at the follow-up visit after 5 years atherogenicity increased significantly in 60% of participants. An increase of atherogenicity was observed in the group with non-atherogenic serum at baseline, p<0.001. The correlation of serum atherogenicity with plasma lipids level, i.e., total cholesterol and LDL, was demonstrated. There was a negative correlation between changes in the potential of blood serum to induce cholesterol accumulation in primary culture macrophages and the age of study participants (r = -0.089, p = 0.011). In groups with decreased and unchanged atherogenicity, the increase of statin administration, as well as amelioration of lipids profile, were revealed after a 5-year follow-up. Thus, the atherogenicity of blood serum may be considered a promising marker in the prognosis of CVD development, but further research is needed to evaluate the prognostic value of serum atherogenicity.
The Generalized Gamma Distribution as a Useful RND under Heston’s Stochastic Volatility Model

: We present the Generalized Gamma (GG) distribution as a possible risk neutral distribution (RND) for modeling European options prices under Heston’s stochastic volatility (SV) model. We demonstrate that under a particular reparametrization, this distribution, which is a member of the scale-parameter family of distributions with the mean being the forward spot price, satisﬁes Heston’s solution and hence could be used for the direct risk-neutral valuation of the option price under Heston’s SV model. Indeed, this distribution is especially useful in situations in which the spot’s price follows a negatively skewed distribution for which Black–Scholes-based (i
Influence of Spraying Zinc Sulphate before and during Blooming Stage on Fruit Quality and Quantity of "Manzanillo" Olives

This study was carried out during the two successive seasons (2011 and 2012) on olive trees Manzanillo cv. The trees were 10 years old growing in sandy soil at a private orchard in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. This investigation was performed to study the effect of zinc sulphate on olive trees Manzanillo cv. , zinc sulphate concentration ( 0, 0.25 and 0.5%) was used as foliar application once time at pre-blooming (early March) or at full bloom (early April) or at pre-blooming + full bloom. At the end of the season, yield (kg/tree) and Fruit quality: average fruit size (volume), weight, shape index (length\ diameter), pulp\pit ratio, fruit oil and acidity percentage were recorded. The obtained results showed that, Manzanillo olive trees received zinc sulphate at 0.5% has positive effect on fruit characteristics in terms of fruit weight and fruit oil % and the total fruit yield per tree.
P-wave velocity differences between surface-derived and core samples from the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure terrane: Implications for in situ velocities at great depths

We compared the averages of P-wave velocities (V p ) for four lithologies (felsic gneiss, eclogite, retrograde eclogite, and amphibolite) collected from core material sampled by the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) at depths to 5158 m, and from surface outcrops in the Dabie-Sulu (China) ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane. The velocities were measured at pressures to 800 MPa for 69 CCSD samples and 145 surface samples. The V p -pressure relationship is described by a four-parameter exponential equation, allowing the determination of the crack-closing pressure ( P c ), the intrinsic pressure derivative of velocity (D), the intrinsic velocity of the crack-free compacted rock at zero pressure (V 0 ), and the maximum velocity increase due to crack closure (B 0 ). The shape of the nonlinear segment of the velocity-pressure curve is controlled by a decay parameter (k). The CCSD core samples are characterized by significantly higher V 0 , B 0 , and k values and lower D and P c compared to their surface analogues. This suggests that extrapolation of the surface rock data to depth may result in substantial underestimates in seismic velocities, and that the intrinsic pressure derivatives obtained from the V p -pressure relations for the core samples are more suitable for the determination of in situ velocities at great depth than those derived from measurements on rocks exposed at the surface.
Annals of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Aim: There is a significant rate of outpatient consultations for tendinopathy symptoms nowadays. With the increase in daily pace, conservative treatments that can expedite recuperation have become more important. In the present study, we examined how Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) affected healing in rats in a model of tendinopathy induced by type 1 collagenase. Method: The research was conducted on 69 Wistar albino female rats with bilateral Achilles tendinopathy. Following modeling, LIPUS therapy was initiated in eight groups at 1, 7, and 15 days. Treatment was extended for one and two weeks. Achilles tendons were removed from the treatment and control groups on the 15 th , 21 st , 30 th , and 45 th days for biomechanical and pathologic examination. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to during the planning stages of our study. Results: In comparison to the control groups, LIPUS treatment administered in the first days of the proliferation phase increased tensile strength by approximately 30%, modulus of elasticity by approximately 53%, a fibrillar appearance by approximately 53%, and inflammation by approximately 53% to 33% in a lesser time. It was also demonstrated that starting treatment in the first days of the proliferation phase resulted in comparable success even with 1-week treatment compared to 2-week treatment. Conclusion: The use of LIPUS in the treatment of tendinopathy yielded positive results. Its capacity to shorten recuperation time has piqued the interest of conservative treatment approaches. As a result, more clinical research is required
Edinburgh Research Explorer Direct integration of intensity-level data from Affymetrix and Illumina microarrays improves statistical power for robust reanalysis

Background Affymetrix GeneChips and Illumina BeadArrays are the most widely used commercial single channel gene expression microarrays. Public data repositories are an extremely valuable resource, providing array-derived gene expression measurements from many thousands of experiments. Unfortunately many of these studies are underpowered and it is desirable to improve power by combining data from more than one study; we sought to determine whether platform-specific bias precludes direct integration of probe intensity signals for combined reanalysis.
Soil organic carbon and nutrient contents are not influenced by exclosures established in communal grazing land in Nile Basin, northern Ethiopia

Land degradation through extensification of agriculture and overgrazing is an increasing problem across large expanses of the Ethiopian highlands that give rise to a loss in a range of ecosystem services. Ecological restoration through exclosure establishment has become increasingly important approach to reversing degraded ecosystems in Ethiopia and particularly in the Amhara regional state, northern Ethiopia. The present study was conducted in Nile basin, northern Ethiopia to investigate the changes in soil properties and nutrient contents following establishing exclosures on communal grazing lands. A space-for-time substitution approach to monitor changes in soil properties after conversion of communal grazing lands to exclosures with ages of establishment ranging from 1 to 7-years was used. In the 0to 20and 20to 50-cm depths, significant (p < 0.05) differences in soil pH, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, soil moisture content, and bulk density were observed among exclosures and between exclosures and communal grazing land. Communal grazing land displayed significantly higher soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to exclosures. However, differences between exclosures and grazing land in soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock were not significant (p > 0.05). The results demonstrated that exclosure age influenced SOM content and SOC stock. The lack of influence in soil nutrient and SOM contents as well as SOC stock after 7-year of exclosure establishment could be attributed to: (a) the favorable environment (e.g., better moisture content and soil pH) in exclosures, which results in increased SOM decomposition, and (b) better vegetation growth in exclosures, which consequently reduce soil nutrient content due to higher nutrient uptake by restored plants. Exclosures alone therefore cannot be regarded as a comprehensive shortor medium-term soil rehabilitation option. Keywords—Belowground carbon, soils, ecosystem services, environmental degradation, exclosure age, restoration.
Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud

Background/Objective: Intimate partner violence against women is a widespread form of gender-based violence present in societies of all types. Among the possible factors implicated in its existence are gender stereotypes and cognitive distortions of a sexist or violence-justifying nature. Thus, a general population survey was designed with the aim of studying gender differences in the
Early zygotic gene product Dunk interacts with anillin to regulate Myosin II during Drosophila cleavage

Drosophila cellularization is a special form of cleavage that converts syncytial embryos into cellular blastoderms by partitioning the peripherally localized nuclei into individual cells. An early event in cellularization is the recruitment of non-muscle myosin II (“myosin”) to the basal tip of cleavage furrows, where myosin forms an interconnected basal array before reorganizing into individual cytokinetic rings. The initial recruitment and organization of basal myosin are regulated by a cellularization-specific gene, dunk, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Through a genome-wide yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified anillin (Scraps in Drosophila), a conserved scaffolding protein in cytokinesis, as the primary binding partner of Dunk. We show that Dunk regulates the localization of anillin at the cleavage furrows during early cellularization and functionally interacts with anillin in regulating basal myosin. Furthermore, we show that anillin colocalizes with myosin since the onset of cellularization and is required for the initial recruitment and maintenance of myosin at the basal array, prior to the well-documented function of anillin in regulating cytokinetic ring assembly. Based on these results, we propose that Dunk regulates myosin recruitment and organization during early cellularization by interacting with and regulating anillin.
Geochemical controls on shale microstructure

The uptick in hydrocarbon production from shale in the United States has generated interest in metrics of unconventional reservoir quality, like permeability. We use conventional gas sorption to characterize shale microstructure, which provides insight on the features that govern mass transport. The gas sorption data are analyzed to determine the surface area, A S (m2/g), and pore volume, V P (cm3/g) of 30 samples from basins across North America. With this information, we quantify the effect of composition and thermal maturity on shale microstructure. In particular, we find that the specific surface area of the organic component evolves from ∼50 m2/g total organic carbon (TOC) in immature shale to ∼500 m2/g TOC for regions that produce dry gas. The increase in A S is accompanied by an increase in V P and concomitant decline in average pore size (e.g., r H = 4 V P/ A S). We contend that the latter is due to the development of nanometer-sized pores in kerogen as it is converted to mobile hydrocarbon which is ultimately expelled. This hypothesis is supported by similar measurements on companion samples after bitumen extraction or combustion, which underscore the intimate spatial association of petroleum and kerogen. Coupled with information on accessibility to the porosity garnered by varying the particle size, these results establish a clear link between organic matter, thermal maturity, and reservoir quality in unconventional shale systems.
Behavioural Brain Research

three trial phases—encoding, retention, and test—two networks were expressed. In the encoding phase, the second network was seen during FR and was not seen during R. This network constituted widespread deactivations ( ∼ 26,000 voxels) of fronto-parietal and thalamic areas concomitant with activation of extrastriate cortex and hippocampus. In a multiple regression including activation during FR and R from all networks and all trial phases, expression of this encoding-phase network during FR was the key predictor of SD-related performance impairment, operationalized as greater %FR ( (cid:2) 2p = 0 . 33) , lower d (cid:4) and larger median RT ( (cid:2) 2p = 0 . 17). Conclusions: FR were most associated with neural disruptions occurring at the encoding phase when subjectsmustattendtoandencodeitems.Further,expressionofthisFR-relatedencoding-phasenetwork made the largest independent contribution to predicting vulnerability to overall SD-related impairment.