Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsettling bureaucratic designs: inter-bureaucratic competition and patrimonialism in the pursuit of Thailand’s hydraulic mission

ABSTRACT There appear to be relatively few studies examining the emergence and persistence of hydraulic bureaucracies (hydrocracies) in specific national contexts. This paper addresses this perceived lacuna by considering the case of the century-old Royal Irrigation Department (RID) in Thailand. Drawing upon the concept of ‘bureaucratic patrimonialism’, this paper seeks to disentangle some of the political economy issues surrounding the RID’s rise and prolonged national dominance. It pays special attention to inter-bureaucratic competition amid calls for water sector reform and how the RID has successfully negotiated these challenges through changing political regimes of the last century.
Seizures elicited by subcutaneous injection of metrazol during ontogenesis in rats.

Metrazol administered subcutaneously at a dose of 80 mg . kg-1 elicited genuine minimal seizures (predominantly clonic) in adult, 45- and 25-day-old rats. The same dose of metrazol resulted in long-lasting generalized tonic-clonic seizures in rats aged 15 days and younger. Eighteen-day-old rats represented a transitory stage in which both types of seizures were present: minor seizures at first and then, after a short resting period, major seizures. A different seizure pattern in young rats was not induced by their higher sensitivity to metrazol, but was caused by the level of neural maturation.
The after-shock effects of high-performers turnover in hotel industry: a multi-level study

Purpose High-performing employees are a hotel’s most important asset: they care for what they do, go beyond and beyond the scope of duty and continually strive to do better. The purpose of this multi-level study is to look into the influence of high-talent turnover on organizational reputation via social capital and trust deficits. Furthermore, the current research explores the influence of human capital investment (HCI) on the mediating effects of trust deficit and social capital in the association between high talent turnover rate and organizational reputation using human resource theory and social capital theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined the hypotheses using multi-source and multi-times data of 805 respondents (including senior human resources officers and employees) from 85 hotels. Findings The present study revealed interesting findings that the HCI failed to buffer the interfering role of trust deficit in the negative association between high-performing personnel turnover rate and organizational reputation. Practical implications High-performing personnel turnover and underlying mechanisms play a significant role in eroding a hotel’s reputation in the hotel industry. Hotel management should focus on reducing high-performing talent turnover and underlying mechanisms to maintain and improve the hotel’s reputation. Originality/value This study provides better understating into the process by exploring that high-performer turnover can damage an organization’s reputation, which has been overlooked by academics who researched the hotel industry.
The Role of Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Wilms Tumor in Developing Country

Background: Overall five-year survival rate of Wilm’s Tumor (WT) in developing countries is still poor. Delayed diagnosis is one of the contributing factors, whereas early diagnosis is an important thing for the outcome. It is caused by the WT burden in developing countries that was not comparable with the number of facilities for diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasonography (USG) is the mandatory first-line imaging modality in children with a suspected abdominal mass and an overall sensitivity of 76%. Additionally, it can be found in many health facilities at a lower cost, quick, non-invasive, and carries no risk of radiation. Therefore, the relationship between USG and histopathology should be measured. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was performed in pediatric (0 untill 18 year of age) renal malignancy and neuroblastoma that admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung between 2015-2018. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Fisher exact test were done to determine the significance of the relationship between USG and histopathology. Results: Forty-three samples were obtained based on inclusion criteria, such as WT (n=33), neuroblastoma (n=6), renal clear cell carcinoma (n=2) and no specific type of renal malignancy (n=2). Fisher exact test revealed no-significant relationship between USG and histopathology with p-value > 0.05 Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between USG and histopathology. Therefore, centralized unity for USG interpretation is recommended.
Investigating the sleep habits in individual and team-sport athletes using the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

ABSTRACT Objectives: There is limited large-scale data on maladaptive sleep practices in elite adult athletes and their influence on sleep characteristics. This study aimed to identify differences in sleep behaviours between individual and team-sport athletes using two sleep questionnaires. Material and Methods: 407 (237 male, 170 female) elite adult athletes across sixteen sports (9 individual-sports, 7 team-sports) completed the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Individual-sport athletes reported greater total sleep time and higher sleep efficiency than team-sport athletes ( p <0.05, d =0.28-0.29). There were no differences between global scores for the PSQI, however, there was a difference between global scores for the ASBQ as well as multiple individual items from both questionnaires (p<0.05), indicating poorer behaviours in team-sport athletes. Discussion: Team-sport athletes displayed more maladaptive pre-sleep behaviours and poorer sleep characteristics than individual-sport athletes.
Optical Analysis and Optimization of Micropyramid Texture for Thermal Radiation Control

ABSTRACT While anti-reflective properties of pyramid texture are widely used, their use for thermal radiation control has received relatively little attention and the understanding of geometric parameters for design optimization is not well established. Here we use finite-difference time-domain simulations in conjunction with an algorithm to optimize thermal characteristics of micropyramid-textured metallic, ceramic, and polymer materials. Our simulations indicate that the pyramid height-to-base ratio is an effective parameter in developing an engineered thermal response. For nickel, the micropyramids with 2–4 height-to-base ratios over 0.5–4 µm base spans provide near-perfect absorption in 300–2500 nm wavelengths. The electric field analysis shows the optical properties are driven by the effects of localized resonance and field confinement. Our thermal cost function-based optimization has led to micropyramid texture that can have a significant impact on heating or cooling such as the solar absorption increase in nickel from 337 to 982 W/m2, the thermal emission increase in alumina from 106 to 170 W/m2, and the thermal emission increase in PDMS from 160 to 172 W/m2. This work not only provides the understanding of micropyramid properties for thermal radiation control but also presents an algorithmic process that could be used for efficient optical-thermal optimization of geometries beyond micropyramids.
Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water and Fishes in Bodo/Bonny River Nigeria

Several industrial activities around the Niger Delta region have contributed to the widespread contamination of marine ecosystems with organochlorine compounds (OCs), petroleum products that are a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These pollutants tend to be persistent in the environment and are also often highly toxic to the biota. The study was therefore, aimed at determining the concentrations of organic pollutants (PAHS) in the Bodo/Bonny coastal waters and their effect on the marine ecosystems. This is exacerbated by the risks posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil spilled environments. Surface water, sediment and fish samples were collected from different sampling stations along the river and analyzed using standard analytical methods. Sampling of surface water was done on Link fish pond which served as control. The results of the value of TPH ranged from 0.31 to 40.85 mg/l, PAHs range from 2.06 to 2.73 mg/l and BTEX ranged from 0.043 to 0.081 mg/l. The Total Petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) values obtained were above DPR permissible Limit of 20 mg/l in all the stations. However, values of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show that Benzo(a) anthracene had the highest concentration especially in all the surface water stations sampled. Also results showed a presence of carcinogenic PAHs in the fish tissues. This still poses a danger if accumulation was to take place over a long period of time. The values obtained from this study stations also exceeded the WHO quality criteria for drinking, aquatic life support and recreation. This reveals that Bodo/Bonny River is under pollution threat and underscore the need for early remediation if adverse health defects are to be prevented.
The Signaling Effect of Sampling Size in Physical Goods Sampling Via Online Channels

Prior literature has focused primarily on offline sampling of physical goods and online sampling of information goods, whereas a new form of sampling campaign—physical goods sampling via online channels—receives little attention. Leveraging a rich data set from Taobao, a large e‐commerce platform in China, this study strives to understand the mechanisms of physical goods sampling via online channels. Specifically, we investigate (1) how the sampling size (number of free samples provided) acts as a signal of product quality and (2) how the signaling effect of sampling size varies across product types (i.e., search, experience, and credence products). We use a structural model to characterize the e‐tailers' decision process as a trade‐off between the incurred cost of free sampling at present and the economic returns in future. We find that a 1% increase in sampling size leads to a total sales increase of 5.34% daily sales over a month. Of all product types, experience products benefit the most from the signaling effect of sampling size, whereas search products benefit the least. We further perform a policy simulation on the sampling threshold, that is, the minimum total value of the sampling product required to join the sampling campaign. Our results show that increasing the threshold leads to decreases in average sales and the number of e‐tailers involved, and vice versa. As one of the first studies focusing on the mechanisms of physical goods sampling in the online context, our study provides empirical evidence of the signaling effect of sampling size.
Demonstration of an x-ray Raman spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the high energy density instrument of European XFEL

We present a proof-of-principle study demonstrating x-ray Raman Spectroscopy (XRS) from carbon samples at ambient conditions in conjunction with other common diagnostics to study warm dense matter, performed at the high energy density scientific instrument of the European x-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). We obtain sufficient spectral resolution to identify the local structure and chemical bonding of diamond and graphite samples, using highly annealed pyrolytic graphite spectrometers. Due to the high crystal reflectivity and XFEL brightness, we obtain signal strengths that will enable accurate XRS measurements in upcoming pump–probe experiments with a high repetition-rate, where the samples will be pumped with high-power lasers. Molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory together with XRS simulations demonstrate the potential of this technique and show predictions for high-energy-density conditions. Our setup allows simultaneous implementation of several different diagnostic methods to reduce ambiguities in the analysis of the experimental results, which, for warm dense matter, often relies on simplifying model assumptions. The promising capabilities demonstrated here provide unprecedented insights into chemical and structural dynamics in warm dense matter states of light elements, including conditions similar to the interiors of planets, low-mass stars, and other celestial bodies.
APPLICABILITY OF THE APPROXIMATE DELTA METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE REAERATION COEFFICIENT IN SUB-BASINS IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

The approximate delta method is a simplified experimental method easy to apply and low cost, it is based on the estimated surface reaeration, primary production, and respiration, basically using diurnal measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO). This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of applying this method to determine the reaeration coefficient (k a ) in sub-basins of the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. The study was carried out in four sub-basins of the Vacacai Mirim River, and one sub-basin of the Vacacai River. In the fluviometric stations studied, one determined the values of velocity, depth, and flow rate, as well as the DO profile during the photoperiod. In three of the sub-basins, it was not possible to determine the k a due to the occurrence of minimum DO deficit before solar noon and/or to the formation of an inappropriate DO profile curve. In the other two sub-basins, it was possible to determine the coefficient, although with some limitations that need to be better investigated since this method is an important alternative to the traditional ones.
Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects

Abstract Background and hypothesis No objective tests are currently available to help diagnosis of major psychiatric disorders. This study evaluates the potential of eye movement behavior patterns to predict schizophrenia subjects compared to those with major affective disorders and control groups. Study design Eye movements were recorded from a training set of UK subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 120), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD; n = 141), major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 136), and healthy controls (CON; n = 142), and from a hold-out set of 133 individuals with proportional group sizes. A German cohort of SCZ (n = 60) and a Scottish cohort of CON subjects (n = 184) acted as a second semi-independent test set. All patients met DSMIV and ICD10 criteria for SCZ, BPAD, and MDD. Data from 98 eye movement features were extracted. We employed a gradient boosted (GB) decision tree multiclass classifier to develop a predictive model. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) as the primary performance metric. Study results Estimates of AUC in one-versus-all comparisons were: SCZ (0.85), BPAD (0.78), MDD (0.76), and CON (0.85). Estimates on part-external validation were SCZ (0.89) and CON (0.65). In all cases, there was good specificity but only moderate sensitivity. The best individual discriminators included free viewing, fixation duration, and smooth pursuit tasks. The findings appear robust to potential confounders such as age, sex, medication, or mental state at the time of testing. Conclusions Eye movement patterns can discriminate schizophrenia from major mood disorders and control subjects with around 80% predictive accuracy.
PELAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM BERDASARKAN SAK EMKM (Studi Kasus pada UMKM di PD Pasar Jaya Kramat Jati)

The purpose of this research is to statistically examine the factors that influence the preparation of MSMEs financial reporting based on SAK EMKM at PD Pasar Jaya Kramat Jati. The data in this study are primary data, obtained through the distribution of questionnaires totaling 85. Due to special consideration in accordance with predetermined criteria, Therefore the sampling technique uses purposive sampling in this study. Processing in the study uses SmartPLS 3.3. 2 software. The result of this study shows that there is evidence that the variables of educational background and business scale have a positive and significant impact on MSMEs financial reporting based on SAK EMKM. While other variables in this study namely accounting understanding and do not have significant influence on MSMEs financial reporting based on SAK EMKM.Key words: SAK EMKM, Financial reporting, UMKM
Multi-level analysis of environmental disclosure by Brazilian and German firms

Purpose: The influence of macro-, meso-, and micro-level factors on corporate environmental disclosure was evaluated for a sample of German and Brazilian firms belonging to environmentally sensitive sectors.Theoretical framework: The macro-level analysis was based on the national business system approach (Whitley, 1999), the meso-level analysis was based on business sector (Campbell, 2007; Ederington & Minier, 2003), and the micro-level analysis was based on endogenous corporate variables (Sanchez, Dominguez, & Alvarez, 2011; Waddock & Graves, 1997). Methods: Data covering the 2014-2016 period were retrieved from sustainability and financial reports issued by firms in six sectors (aviation, energy, timber, paper, chemicals, and textiles) and subjected to panel data analysis and hierarchical linear modeling.Results: Our results confirm the hypothesized association between environmental disclosure and national culture. Business sector was also a significant factor, but the strongest determinants were firm size and profitability.Practical and social implications: The endogenous (micro-level) variables displayed the greatest explanatory power for environmental disclosure in both countries. Investigators in this field are therefore advised to direct more attention to factors at this level.Contributions: Hierarchical linear modeling increased our ability to evaluate the factors influencing corporate environmental practices.
Inverse Analysis of Experimental Scale Turbidity Currents Using Deep Learning Neural Networks

Despite the importance of turbidity currents in environmental and resource geology, their flow conditions and mechanisms are not well understood. This study proposes and verifies a novel method for the inverse analysis of turbidity currents using a deep learning neural network (DNN) with numerical and flume experiment data sets. Numerical data sets of turbidites were generated with a forward model. Then, the DNN model was trained to find the functional relationship between flow conditions and turbidites by processing the numerical data sets. The performance of the trained DNN model was evaluated with 2,000 numerical test data sets and five experiment data sets. Inverse analysis results on numerical test data sets indicated that flow conditions can be reconstructed from depositional characteristics of turbidites. For experimental turbidites, spatial distributions of grain size and thickness were consistent with the sample values. Concerning hydraulic conditions, flow depth, layer‐averaged velocity, and flow duration were reconstructed with a certain level of deviation. The reconstructed flow depth and duration had percent errors less than 36.0% except for one experiment, which had an error of 193% in flow duration. The flow velocity was reconstructed with percent errors 2.38%–73.7%. Greater discrepancies between the measured and reconstructed values of flow concentration (1.79%–300%) were observed relative to the former three parameters, which may be attributed to difficulties in measuring the flow concentration during experiments. Although the DNN model did not provide perfect reconstruction, it proved to be a significant advance for the inverse analysis of turbidity currents.
The Profitability of Fertilizer Micro Dosing and Timing of Weeding in Finger Millet Production in the Semi-Arid Areas of Uganda

Despite the recommendation for fertilizer use in crop production by research, there is a low rate of adoption among farmers. The low adoption rate of fertilizer usage has been partly attributed to high costs of fertilizer in addition to use of agronomic recommendation without fertilizer economic analysis. The study therefore, set out to determine the profitability of fertilizer micro dosing and weeding regimes in finger millet production in eastern Uganda. A randomized complete block design in split plot treatment arrangement with three replications was used. Weeding regime treatments were the main plot and fertilizer micro dosing treatments as the sub plots. The treatments included: different micro dosing rates of nitrogen and phosphorus, weeding regimes and SEREMI II finger millet variety. Nitrogen was applied in the form of urea (46%), in two splits of 50% each at vegetative and flowering stages respectively. The results of the study indicate that weeding once at 20 Days After Sowing (DAS) and a combination of N and P (16.6 kg N ha-1 and 10.6 kg P ha-1) fertilizer micro dose application is the most profitable combination and could make farmers earn up to Uganda shillings 1,984.220 per hectare compared to only Uganda shillings 373,000 from none application of fertilizer. We therefore conclude that finger millet producers can achieve higher economic and environmental gains when weeding is done once at 20 DAS in combination with sole P fertilizer micro dosing applied at 10.6 kg P ha-1.
Aitken mode particles as CCN in aerosol- and updraft-sensitive
regimes of cloud droplet formation

Abstract. The high variability of aerosol particle concentrations, sizes and chemical composition makes their description challenging in atmospheric models. Aerosol-cloud interaction studies are usually focused on the activation of accumulation mode particles as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). However, under specific conditions also Aitken mode particles can contribute to the number concentration of cloud droplets (Nd), leading to large uncertainties in predicted cloud properties on a global scale. We perform sensitivity studies with an adiabatic cloud parcel model to constrain conditions, under which Aitken mode particles contribute to Nd. The simulations cover wide ranges of aerosol properties, such as total particle number concentration, hygroscopicity (κ) and mode diameters for accumulation and Aitken mode particles. Building upon the previously suggested concept of updraft (w)- and aerosol-limited regimes of cloud droplet formation, we show that activation of Aitken mode particles does not occur in w-limited regimes of accumulation mode particles. The transitional range between the regimes is broadened when Aitken mode particles contribute to Nd as aerosol-limitation requires much higher w than for aerosol size distributions with accumulation mode particles only. In the transitional regime, Nd is similarly dependent on w and κ. Therefore, we analyze the sensitivity of Nd to κ, ξ(κ), as a function of w to identify the value combinations, above which Aitken mode particles can affect Nd. As ξ(κ) shows a minimum when the smallest activated particle size is in the range of the Hoppel minimum (0.06 μm ≤ Dmin ≤ 0.08 μm), the corresponding (w,κ) pairs can be considered a threshold level, above which Aitken mode particles have significant impact on Nd. This threshold is largely determined by the number concentration of accumulation mode particles and by the Aitken mode diameter. Our analysis of these thresholds results in a simple parametric framework and criterion to identify aerosol and updraft conditions, under which Aitken mode particles are expected to affect aerosol-cloud interactions. Our results confirm that Aitken mode particles likely do not contribute to Nd in polluted air masses (urban, biomass burning) at moderate updraft velocities (w ≤ 3 m s−1), but may be important in deep convective clouds. Under clean conditions, such as in the Amazon, the Arctic, and remote ocean regions, hygroscopic Aitken mode particles can act as CCN at updrafts of w