Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONSTRAINING STELLAR POPULATION MODELS. I. AGE, METALLICITY AND ABUNDANCE PATTERN COMPILATION FOR GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

We present an extensive literature compilation of age, metallicity, and chemical abundance pattern information for the 41 Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) studied by Schiavon et al. Our compilation constitutes a notable improvement over previous similar work, particularly in terms of chemical abundances. Its primary purpose is to enable detailed evaluations of and refinements to stellar population synthesis models designed to recover the above information for unresolved stellar systems based on their integrated spectra. However, since the Schiavon sample spans a wide range of the known GGC parameter space, our compilation may also benefit investigations related to a variety of astrophysical endeavors, such as the early formation of the Milky Way, the chemical evolution of GGCs, and stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis. For instance, we confirm with our compiled data that the GGC system has a bimodal metallicity distribution and is uniformly enhanced in the α elements. When paired with the ages of our clusters, we find evidence that supports a scenario whereby the Milky Way obtained its globular clusters through two channels: in situ formation and accretion of satellite galaxies. The distributions of C, N, O, and Na abundances and the dispersions thereof per cluster corroborate the known fact that all GGCs studied so far with respect to multiple stellar populations have been found to harbor them. Finally, using data on individual stars, we verify that stellar atmospheres become progressively polluted by CN(O)-processed material after they leave the main sequence. We also uncover evidence which suggests that the α elements Mg and Ca may originate from more than one nucleosynthetic production site. We estimate that our compilation incorporates all relevant analyses from the literature up to mid-2012. As an aid to investigators in the fields named above, we provide detailed electronic tables of the data upon which our work is based at http://www.astro. queensu.ca/people/Stephane_Courteau/roediger2013/index.html.
The impact of peripheral blood cell ratios in dogs with diffuse B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma treated with CHOP protocol

In this study, pre-chemotherapy hematological values of 14 dogs diagnosed with diffuse B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma were compared with the hematological data of 26 healthy dogs. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet/neutrophil ratio (PNR) were evaluated between two groups. Anemia and an increased total leukocyte count were observed in dogs with lymphoma compared to healthy ones. The PNR value was found to be significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma, It was concluded that more comprehensive studies studies are needed to clearly understand the diagnostic and prognostic importance of hematological parameters in B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma of dogs.
Evaluation of the effect of two biofertilizers (Azolla spp and Daldinia concentrica) on the agro-morphological parameters of green soybean (Vignata radiata) in Daloa (Center-West, Côte d'Ivoire)

Soybean cultivation, despite its beneficial potential and favorable conditions, is not valorized in Côte d’Ivoire. The production of soybeans in Côte d’Ivoire was 1000 tons in 2013. The objective of this study is to promote the use of biofertilizers ( Daldinia concentrica and Azolla spp) to improve green soybean production in Côte d’Ivoire. The experimental set-up used is a randomized Fisher block, with five replications and five treatments: control, Azolla spp, Daldinia concentrica, Azolla spp and Daldinia concentrica combination and NPK 12-22-22 fertilizer. The results obtained showed that the effect of the biofertilizer associating Azolla spp and Daldinia concentrica on soybean was expressed, respectively, through the growth by better effects on the height of the stem, the diameter at the collar, the number of leaves, the number of ramification and the length of the root. It should be noted that the treatment combining Azolla spp. and Daldinia concentrica was the best biofertilizer used in this study.
Analysis of Corporate Governance Efficiency Differences in Different Life Cycles

In order to provide reference for quantifying and improving corporate governance efficiency, the DEA model was used to measure the input and output efficiency of a total of 776 listed companies in A-share market from 2012 to 2020. Then a comparative analysis of the governance efficiency at different corporate life stages was made from static and dynamic perspectives, and a regression analysis was conducted on factors influencing corporate governance efficiency via the Tobit model. The results are as follows: (1) A discrepancy can be found in main contribution sources of corporate governance efficiency in different stages as scale investment contributes to much of the governance efficiency of growing and declining enterprises while technical advancement features prominently in that of mature enterprises; (2) the total factor productivity of corporate governance increases progressively from the growing stage to the mature phase and then to the declining period, and the younger a company, the weaker its governance capacity; (3) the significance of factors influencing governance efficiency differs in different periods. This paper analyzes corporate governance in terms of the life cycle and deepens relevant research content.
A new determination of the primordial He abundance using the He i λ10830 Å emission line: cosmological implications

We present near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the high-intensity HeI 10830 emission line in 45 low-metallicity HII regions. We combined these NIR data with spectroscopic data in the optical range to derive the primordial He abundance. The use of the HeI 10830A line, the intensity of which is very sensitive to the density of the HII region, greatly improves the determination of the physical conditions in the He^+ zone. This results in a considerably tighter Y - O/H linear regression compared to all previous studies. We extracted a final sample of 28 HII regions with Hbeta equivalent width EW(Hbeta)>150A, excitation parameter O^2+/O>0.8, and with helium mass fraction Y derived with an accuracy better than 3%. With this final sample we derived a primordial He mass fraction Yp = 0.2551+/-0.0022. The derived value of Yp is higher than the one predicted by the standard big bang nucleosynthesis (SBBN) model. Using our derived Yp together with D/H = (2.53+/-0.04)x10^-5, and the chi^2 technique, we found that the best agreement between these light element abundances is achieved in a cosmological model with a baryon mass density Omega_b h^2 = 0.0240+/-0.0017 (68% CL), +/-0.0028 (95.4% CL), +/-0.0034 (99% CL) and an effective number of neutrino species Neff = 3.58+/-0.25 (68% CL), +/-0.40 (95.4% CL), +/-0.50 (99% CL). A non-standard value of Neff is preferred at the 99% CL, implying the possible existence of additional types of neutrino species.
Classified integration – Urban displaced persons in Dar es Salaam

ABSTRACT The strict encampment policy enforced by Tanzanian authorities in the last years made it harder for displaced persons to settle outside camps. The article showcases possible impacts of policy changes on the legal, social and economic position of once relatively well-integrated urban refugees. Many refugees that had formerly managed to integrate successfully into the urban space of Dar es Salaam as workers, artists, entrepreneurs, or service providers were increasingly forced into illegality, faced more systemic discrimination, and became prone to exploitation and threats. The paper argues that the likelihood of urban refugees to nevertheless stand their ground depends on a relational set of factors in which class background plays a decisive role on various levels.
From minute to day: Ecophysiological response of phytoplankton to fluctuating light exposure during vertical mixing

Underwater light is a highly dynamic resource for phytoplankton. Fluctuating light influences photosynthesis, respiration, biosynthesis, and growth at different timescales, but the interplay of these processes is not well‐understood. Subsamples of a phytoplankton community from the turbid, well‐mixed lake TaiHu (China) were either vertically moved through different mixing depths or incubated at fixed depths of matching daily light supply. Growth, photosynthetic electron transport rates, net oxygen production, and night respiration were measured for 9 days. Production was investigated during cyclic mixing, throughout the day, and among days of different integral light intensities. Electron transport rates were higher during vertical mixing and increased with mixing depth, therefore mixing phytoplankton better exploited short periods of surface illumination. On the other hand, light‐stimulation of oxygen consumption and photoperiod shortening increased the compensation light intensities for daily production and growth. The communities kept at the surface and sub‐surface were photoinhibited; their net oxygen production declined and compensation light intensity increased in the afternoon. There was no sign of afternoon depression of net oxygen production in mixing phytoplankton which metabolized photosynthetic products in periodic phases of low light in deeper layers. Mixing phytoplankton produced more oxygen during increasing light intensities and respired more at decreasing light intensities, decreasing net oxygen production during the day. This cyclic post‐illumination enhancement of respiration seemed to be hardwired to fluctuating light, regardless of mixing depth and uncoupled from night respiration rates. Photosynthesis and respiration seemed more tightly connected under fluctuating than constant light.
The Impact of the Nutritional Knowledge of Polish Students Living Outside the Family Home on Consumer Behavior and Food Waste

Food waste remains a major problem for the world and food security. Despite the fact that consumers are significant producers of food waste, little research attention has been paid to young people who are in college and living away from the family home. The present study aimed to assess food waste among college students living away from the family home, taking into account the nutritional knowledge acquired during college. In addition, the goal was to compare how nutritional knowledge affects food waste and consumer behavior in the study group. Descriptive statistics were performed on behaviors with food management at home, as well as shopping planning and self-shopping at the store, for the total respondents, students with nutritional knowledge and students without such knowledge. A chi-square test was performed to show whether the field of study influences the frequency of food throwing away and the appropriate management of excess food. Spearman’s rank correlations were calculated for the frequency of food discarding, the frequency and amount of shopping and the field of study. The results indicate that the field of study determined food discarding and appropriate food management (p < 0.05), while it was found that fermented dairy beverages, fruits and vegetables and bread were the most frequently discarded foods in both study groups (p < 0.05). Students with nutritional knowledge were less likely to throw away food compared to students without nutritional knowledge and were better at managing excess food.
Coarticulation of inherent fundamental frequency levels between syllables

In Advanced Standard Copenhagen (ASC) Danish the inherent Fo level differences between high and low vowels are of an order of magnitude comparable to that of the Fo deflection in the stress groups. In theory, this could imply that the intended stress distribution in an utterance might be perceived incorrectly, since the inherent Fo level variation could distort the linguistically relevant Fo pattern in the stress groups. It was hypothesized that such distortion is compensated for by coarticulation of inherent Fo levels between syllables. Experiments carried out to test this hypothesis showed that Fo level in one vowel is consistently influenced by vowel height in the preceding syllable, being higher after a high than after a low vowel. There seems to be no consistent influence from the succeeding vowel. The greatest amount of compensation is found in the first posttonic vowel in the stress group, and it occurs whether the consonant between the two vowels is a sonorant (m) or a voiceless fricative (f). Formant measurements of first posttonic ɑ showed that the formant frequencies are influenced (although slightly) by both the preceding and the following vowels. An explanation of the discrepancy between the manner in which vowel quality (and hence tongue body position) and the manner in which Fo is influenced by adjacent vowels is attempted in terms of a spring-mass model describing the relation between the tongue body and the laryngeal structures.
A SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF TYPE Ibc SUPERNOVA HOST GALAXIES FROM UNTARGETED SURVEYS

We present the first spectroscopic study of the host environments of Type Ibc supernovae (SNe Ibc) discovered exclusively by untargeted SN searches. Past studies of SN Ibc host environments have been biased toward high-mass, high-metallicity galaxies by focusing on SNe discovered in galaxy-targeted SN searches. Our new observations more than double the total number of spectroscopic stellar population age and metallicity measurements published for untargeted SN Ibc host environments. For the 12 SNe Ib and 21 SNe Ic in our metallicity sample, we find median metallicities of 0.62 Z☉ and 0.83 Z☉, respectively, but determine that the discrepancy in the full distribution of metallicities is not statistically significant. This median difference would correspond to only a small difference in the mass loss via metal-line-driven winds (≲ 30%), suggesting this does not play the dominant role in distinguishing SNe Ib and Ic progenitors. However, the median metallicity of the seven broad-lined SNe Ic (SNe Ic-BL) in our sample is significantly lower, 0.45 Z☉. The age of the young stellar population of SN Ic-BL host environments also seems to be lower than for SNe Ib and Ic, but our age sample is small. Combining all SN Ibc host environment spectroscopy from the literature to date does not reveal a significant difference in SN Ib and Ic metallicities, but reinforces the significance of the lower metallicities for SNe Ic-BL. This combined sample demonstrates that galaxy-targeted SN searches introduce a significant bias for studies seeking to infer the metallicity distribution of SN progenitors, and we identify and discuss other systematic effects that play smaller roles. We discuss the path forward for making progress on SN Ibc progenitor studies in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope era. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.
Student groups as learning entities: The effect of group diversity and teamwork quality on groups' cognitive complexity

Collaborative learning has important group-level benefits, yet most studies in higher education only focus on individual benefits of collaborative learning experiences. This study extends these insights by testing a model in which teamwork quality mediates the impact of several compositional differences (gender, nationality and teamwork expertise diversity, as well as need for cognition disparity) on groups’ cognitive complexity in a sample of 159 student groups. The results support the mediating role of teamwork quality, and have important practical implications for the design of student groups in higher education.
MIGRATION RATES OF PLANETS DUE TO SCATTERING OF PLANETESIMALS

Planets migrate due to the recoil they experience from scattering solid (planetesimal) bodies. To first order, the torques exerted by the interior and exterior disks will cancel, analogous to the cancellation of the torques from the gravitational interaction with the gas (Type-I migration). Assuming the dispersion-dominated regime and power laws characterized by indices α and β for the surface density and eccentricity profiles, we calculate the net torque on the planet. We consider both distant encounters and close (orbit-crossing) encounters. We find that the close and distant encounter torques have opposite signs with respect to α and β; and that the torque is especially sensitive to the eccentricity gradient β. Compared to Type-I migration due to excitation of density waves, the planetesimal-driven migration rate is generally lower due to the lower surface density of solids in gas-rich disk, although this may be partially or fully offset when their eccentricity and inclinaton are small. Allowing for the feedback of the planet on the planetesimal disk through viscous stirring, we find that under certain conditions a self-regulated migration scenario emerges, in which the planet migrates at a steady pace that approaches the rate corresponding to the one-sided torque. If the ratio of the local disk mass in planetesimals to planet mass is low, however, migration will stall. We quantify the boundaries separating the three accretion regimes.
Numerical study of leptogenesis in a 5D split fermion model with bulk neutrinos

We study numerically a 5D hybrid model which incorporates a split fermion scenario and bulk neutrinos. We perform a Monte Carlo analysis of the model in order to find the regions in the parameter space allowing for the realization of the leptogenesis. We find that higher order Yukawa terms must be included in order for the model to produce a CP violation and net baryon number sufficient for the creation of the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
Two-color QCD with staggered fermions at finite temperature under the influence of a magnetic field

In this paper we investigate the influence of a constant external magnetic field on the finite-temperature phase structure and the chiral properties of a simplified lattice model for QCD. We assume an SU(2) gauge symmetry and employ dynamical staggered fermions of identical mass without rooting, corresponding to Nf=4 flavors of identical electric charge. For fixed mass (given in lattice units) the critical temperature is seen to rise with the magnetic field strength. For three fixed beta-values, selected such that we stay (i) within the chirally broken phase, (ii) within the transition region or (iii) within the chirally restored phase, we study the approach to the chiral limit for various values of the magnetic field. Within the chirally broken (confinement) phase the chiral condensate is found to increase monotonically with a growing magnetic field strength. In the chiral limit the increase starts linear in agreement with a chiral model studied by Shushpanov and Smilga. Within the chirally restored (deconfinement) phase the chiral condensate tends to zero in the chiral limit, irrespective of the strength of the magnetic field.
Navigating the academic ladder as an early career researcher in earth and environmental sciences

There is growing concern in Higher Education around job security, work–life balance and inequalities, and early career researchers (ECRs) must make difficult trade‐offs and life choices. Literature confirms that women navigating academia face additional challenges compared to their male counterparts. Few studies connected contractual circumstances, employment priorities and their impacts on the life choices of individual academics. We report results from a survey exploring the experiences of 37 ECRs who completed PhDs in the United Kingdom (UK) navigating the academic ladder in geomorphology and earth/environmental science, and contextualize these findings by drawing on personal experiences and wider literature. We find evidence of multi‐directional pressures that have materially negative effects on individuals' life choices, including concern that academic employment is a barrier to living where and with whom one may want to. The level of precarity amongst survey respondents is stark in terms of number of years they have held fixed‐term contracts (maximum 10 years), the number of individual contracts held (maximum 14) and number of different institutions worked at (maximum six). Women respondents were less prepared to be employed on precarious contracts and put more emphasis on job security when applying for academic posts, with men being generally more satisfied by financial aspects of university employment; which will amplify the leaky pipeline and gender gaps at more senior levels. We also find that perceived institutional prestige was a surprisingly low priority for the majority of respondents, and there were notable divergences between career advice given by more senior colleagues and the priorities of ECRs seeking guidance. We put forward a set of key considerations: improving policies on parental leave and flexible working; formalizing and improving mentorship; more considerate recruitment procedures; reducing contract precarity; and, transparency on pay and promotion. We believe these are within the scope of action by departments, laboratories and research groups.
XO-2b: A HOT JUPITER WITH A VARIABLE HOST STAR THAT POTENTIALLY AFFECTS ITS MEASURED TRANSIT DEPTH

The transiting hot Jupiter XO-2b is an ideal target for multi-object photometry and spectroscopy as it has a relatively bright (V-mag = 11.25) K0V host star (XO-2N) and a large planet-to-star contrast ratio (Rp/Rs ≈ 0.015). It also has a nearby (31.″21) binary stellar companion (XO-2S) of nearly the same brightness (V-mag = 11.20) and spectral type (G9V), allowing for the characterization and removal of shared systematic errors (e.g., airmass brightness variations). We have therefore conducted a multiyear (2012–2015) study of XO-2b with the University of Arizona’s 61″ (1.55 m) Kuiper Telescope and Mont4k CCD in the Bessel U and Harris B photometric passbands to measure its Rayleigh scattering slope to place upper limits on the pressure-dependent radius at, e.g., 10 bar. Such measurements are needed to constrain its derived molecular abundances from primary transit observations. We have also been monitoring XO-2N since the 2013–2014 winter season with Tennessee State University’s Celestron-14 (0.36 m) automated imaging telescope to investigate stellar variability, which could affect XO-2b’s transit depth. Our observations indicate that XO-2N is variable, potentially due to cool star spots, with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.0049 ± 0.0007 R-mag and a period of 29.89 ± 0.16 days for the 2013–2014 observing season and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.0035 ± 0.0007 R-mag and 27.34 ± 0.21 day period for the 2014–2015 observing season. Because of the likely influence of XO-2N’s variability on the derivation of XO-2b’s transit depth, we cannot bin multiple nights of data to decrease our uncertainties, preventing us from constraining its gas abundances. This study demonstrates that long-term monitoring programs of exoplanet host stars are crucial for understanding host star variability.