Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of green manure crops on short-term nitrogen availability in organic sweet corn systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Soil Science

In the Gisbome Region of New Zealand (NZ) many organic sweet corn growers use a range of winter green manure crops as a means of maintaining and improving soil fertility, particularly the availability of soil N. Some debate exists as to the most suitable green manure crops and their effectiveness at improving short-term N availability for subsequent sweet corn crops. Two field trials were conducted in the Gisborne Region to assess the effectiveness of four winter green manure crops using a subsequent sweet corn crop to evaluate N availability. Two sites, Site-A at Tekaraka and Site-Bat Tolaga Bay, with BIO-GROW NZ organic certification were used in this study. A Latin Square trial design was used at each site consisting of 25 plots made up of five replicates of each of the following five treatments: control (bare soil), blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolus), mustard (Brassica sp.), mustard/blue lupin mix and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Just prior to the soil incorporation of green manure treatments (early-mid September 1997), the lupin crop had the highest N concentration and N accumulation levels of 2.1% N and 156 kg N ha·, respectively, at Site-A and 2.1% N and 173 kg N ha-, respectively at Site-B. Soil incorporation of green manure treatments significantly influenced soil (0-150 mm) mineral N (nitrate and ammonium) levels measured at sweet corn emergence (30 November 1997) and at 5'lS weeks post emergence. At sweet corn emergence the lupin, mustard/lupin mix, mustard, control and ryegrass treatments resulted in soil mineral N values of 68, 66, 57, 51 and 29 kg.N. ha-, respectively, at Site-A and 118, 118, 91 , 81 and 54 kg.N. ha·, respectively, at Site B. At both sites, the lupin and mustard/lupin mix treatments resulted in soil mineral N levels significantly higher than the control treatment. In contrast, the ryegrass treatment resulted in soil mineral N levels significantly lower than the control treatment. These treatment effects were related to green manure crop N concentrations just prior to soil incorporation. On average over both sites, the lupin and mustard/lupin mix treatments, which had high DM yields (7900 kg and 6500 kg.DM.ha· respectively), had the highest N concentrations (2.0% and 2.1 % N respectively). The ryegrass treatment, which also accumulated a high average DM yield (6200 kg.DM.ha1), contained the lowest average N concentration of only 1.1 % N.
Toxicological Evaluation of Unlined Landfill Leachate on Biochemical Responses in the Tissues of Rattus novergicus

Effect of unlined leachate on biochemical responses in different tissues of Rattus novergicus was evaluated using different sub-lethal concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20% v/v) over a period of 28 days. SOD in serum, heart, liver, stomach and colon, CAT values in heart and colon in control are significantly higher compared to Group 2,3 and 4 (p<0.05), SOD in stomach and colon in Group 4 was 158.15±0.09 and 195.70±0.06 while control was 192.80±0.17 and 169.96±0.40 respectively. CAT of stomach and colon in Group 3 was 0.23±0.00 and 0.22±0.00 while control was 0.29±0.00 and 0.23±0.00 respectively. Elevated Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an evidence of lipid peroxidation where MDA values in heart, liver, kidney, stomach and colon of all experimented groups are significantly higher than control (p<0.05), MDA of stomach and colon of rats in Group 1 was 375±175 and 339±131 while control was 114±4.36 and 123±3.00 respectively. Also, Leachate constituents interfere with protein and carbohydrate metabolisms in the liver by loss of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity subjecting liver lipids to peroxidation based on Ascorbic acid (ASB) level leading to loss of membrane integrity. ALT values in heart, liver and stomach are significantly lower in all experimented groups compared to control (p<0.05), ALT of liver in Group 2 was 0.07±1.74E-04 while control was 0.10±2.79E-04. ASB values in kidney, stomach and colon are significantly lower in all experimented groups compared to control (p<0.05), ASB of stomach and colon of rats in Group 3 was 1.35±1.90E-03 and 1.22±1.17E-03 while control was 1.22±8.92E-03 and 1.23±8.64E-03 respectively.
Measurement quality of 67 common social sciences questions across countries and languages based on 28 Multitrait-Multimethod experiments implemented in the European Social Survey

Survey data is used in many social science studies. The measurement quality of these data is crucial as it determines the accuracy of the information on which these studies are based. Besides, since these studies are used to provide insights to key political and social actors, it also determines the accuracy of the information on which crucial decisions are based. In this paper, we estimated the measurement quality (proportion of the variance of the observed survey responses explained by the latent trait of interest) of 67 common social sciences questions that were part of Multitrait-Multimethod experiments in the seven first rounds of the European Social Survey. These questions were asked using response scales with different characteristics and in up to 41 country-language groups. Our results show that measurement errors are omnipresent: the average measurement quality across all questions is 0.65. Thus, overall, on average 35% of the variance in the observed survey answers can be attributed to measurement errors. Furthermore, the size of errors varies across questions as well as across country-language groups. The questions’ average measurement quality across all countrylanguage groups ranges from 0.25 to 0.88, depending on the response scale and topic, and the country-language groups’ average measurement quality across questions ranges from 0.52 to 0.76. Thus, the impact of measurement errors on applied research can be different depending on the exact question formulation and response scale used as well as on the country and language of interest. Consequently, in each study, researchers should consider assessing the size of the measurement errors of their variables and how this affects their results.
An Empirical Study on Data-driven Requirements Elicitation: Reflections from Nordic Enterprises

There is a plethora of digital data sources that may be exploited for collecting requirements for system development and evolution. In contrast to human sources, i.e. stakeholders, digital sources continuously generate data that is often not originally created for the purposes of requirements elicitation, e.g. on forums, microblogs, machine-generated trace logs, and sensor data. Streams of large volumes of data can be exploited to enable automation of a continuous requirements elicitation process using AI techniques that combine natural language or machine data processing, with machine learning. On the other hand, the complex characteristics of big data due to its size, lack of structure, high dynamics, and low predictability, present numerous challenges on the process of extracting requirements-related information that would be of a clear value for companies. The purpose of this interview study was to , from the practitioners’ perspective, elicit their overall expectations and needs for a method for the elicitation of system requirements from digital data sources. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with several industrial experts from different business domains and the collected empirical data has been analyzed using thematic analysis. The results lead to the identification of a set of high-level requirements related to the method for the elicitation from digital data sources.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Assessment of Recurrent Rectal Malignancy in Iraqi Patients

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing dramatically following thefinancial and economic advancements. Now, colorectal cancer is the third foremost cause of cancer deaths in both males and femalesin the United States.Many diagnostic tools had been emerging in the screening and early diagnosis of the disease including fecal occult blood and colonoscopy, but from a radiological viewpoint; Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging is still by far the primary cross-sectional imaging modality used for preoperative local staging of rectal cancer, patient-follow up after rectal surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy due to its high spatial resolution and marked soft-tissue characterization. Objective: The objective of this studyis to assess the role of MR imaging in recurrent rectal tumor detection, its site, signal characteristics and appearance on variable sequences and whether or not the tumor is resectable. Patients and method: This is a retrospective study compromised of 50 patients; it was performed during the period of November 2016 to September 2017 in MR unit in the Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical City Compound, where the patients were referred from the Oncology Clinic then their imaging findings were assessed by specialist radiologists. Results: A review of the study that compromised of 50 patients with rectal cancer and underwent surgery; 20 were males and 30 were females, their age ranges between 28-85 years, 12 patients (24%) showed no recurrence while the remaining 38 patients (76%) showed recurrence. However, ofthe recurrent tumor patients; 12 had recurrence at ileoanal anastomosis site in which 5 had intramural (41%), 5 hadextraluminal (41%) and 2 patients had both intraand extramural recurrence. While in patients with abdominoperineal resection; 9 had anterior local recurrence (34.6%) and 7 cases of presacral regrowth were found (27%) ,only 3 patients showed lateral pelvic wall muscular invasion (11.5%). Also, lymph nodes recurrence was found in 7 patients mainly involving the mesorectal group (57%). The obturator group involved in (28%) and least infiltrated nodes were the inguinal group in (15%). The results of the MR signal in corresponding to nearby pelvic muscles on T1 and T2 weighted images were isointense in 68% and greater than in 32%, while the enhancement pattern after intravenous Gadolinium is equal to ileum wall enhancement in 76% and greater than in 24%. Conclusion: MR imaging is thepreferred imaging modality inevaluation and patientfollow up with suspicious recurrence after rectal malignancy surgery.Its value was demonstrated in characterization and diagnosis of pelvis lesion(s) by assessing their appearance on T1,T2 and fat suppression T2 MR sequences, as well as assessing their enhancement pattern after intravenous Gadolinium in fat suppression sequence.
Essential Topics for the Regulatory Consideration of Phages as Clinically Valuable Therapeutic Agents: A Perspective from Spain

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges that humankind shall face in the short term. (Bacterio)phage therapy is a valuable therapeutic alternative to antibiotics and, although the concept is almost as old as the discovery of phages, its wide application was hindered in the West by the discovery and development of antibiotics in the mid-twentieth century. However, research on phage therapy is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the antimicrobial resistance problem. Some countries are already adopting new ad hoc regulations to favor the short-term implantation of phage therapy in clinical practice. In this regard, the Phage Therapy Work Group from FAGOMA (Spanish Network of Bacteriophages and Transducing Elements) recently contacted the Spanish Drugs and Medical Devices Agency (AEMPS) to promote the regulation of phage therapy in Spain. As a result, FAGOMA was asked to provide a general view on key issues regarding phage therapy legislation. This review comes as the culmination of the FAGOMA initiative and aims at appropriately informing the regulatory debate on phage therapy.
A REVIEW ON: PHARMACOTHERAPY OF HYPERTENSION

Hypertension will increase with growing age. Optimal remedy of high blood pressure is critical to lessen cardiovascular disease. Recent pointers for high blood pressure have made pointers for older adults however are supported through proof that consists of more youthful individuals. This systematic evaluation evaluates the harms of antihypertensive marketers in adults elderly C65 years. Eligible research covered contributors elderly C65 years with high blood pressure. Eligible research had truly described remedy assignments, blood pressure (BP) targets, and evaluated endpoints of cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and/or harms of antihypertensive medications. We abstracted take a look at characteristics, cardiovascular blessings, and harms. Most studies as compared distinctive antihypertensive agents and/or placebo groups. These research constantly confirmed decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as compared with out a treatment. Seven research tested optimal BP targets. Strict manipulate [systolic BP (SBP) 140 mmHg] became not constantly higher than mild manipulate (SBP 150 mmHg) for adults aged C65 years. Mild SBP manipulate benefitted topics in all age levels over 65 years. Few research assessed and explicitly reported harms. Hypertensive issues of pregnancy (HDP) constitute a primary purpose of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and identifies women at risk for cardiovascular and different continual sicknesses later in life. When antihypertensive drugs are used during pregnancy, their benefit and damage to each mother and fetus should be evaluated.
Substituted Imidazole of 5-Fluoro-2-[4-[(2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]pyrimidine Inactivates Cytochrome P450 2D6 by Protein Adduction

SCH 66712 (5-fluoro-2-[4-[(2-phenyl-1H-imidazol5-yl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]pyrimidine) is a potent mechanism-based inactivator of human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) that displays Type I binding spectra with K S of 0.39 ± 0.10 µM. The partition ratio is ~3 indicating potent inactivation that addition of exogenous nucleophiles does not prevent. Within 15 minutes of incubation with SCH 66712 and NADPH, ~90% of CYP2D6 activity is lost with only ~20% loss in ability to bind CO and ~25% loss of native heme over the same time. The stoichiometry of binding to the protein was 1.2:1. SDS-PAGE with Western blotting and autoradiography analyses of CYP2D6 following incubations with radiolabeled SCH 66712 further support the presence of a protein adduct. Metabolites of SCH 66712 detected by MS indicate that the phenyl group on the imidazole ring of SCH 66712 is one site of oxidation by CYP2D6 and could lead to methylene quinone formation. Three other metabolites were also observed. For understanding the metabolic pathway that leads to CYP2D6 inactivation, metabolism studies with CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 were carried out since neither of these enzymes is significantly inhibited by SCH 66712. The metabolites formed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are the same as those seen with CYP2D6, though in different abundance. Modeling studies with CYP2D6 revealed potential roles of various active site residues in the oxidation of SCH 66712 and inactivation of CYP2D6 and showed that the phenyl group of SCH 66712 is positioned at 2.2 Å from the heme iron. of heme using UV/Vis detection was carried out. The results show an CYP2B4 inactivation by
The Response of the South Asian Summer Monsoon to Temporal and Spatial Variations in Absorbing Aerosol Radiative Forcing

Previous studies on the response of the South Asian summer monsoon to the direct radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic absorbing aerosols have emphasized the role of premonsoonal aerosol forcing. This study examines the roles of aerosol forcing in both preand postonset periods using the Community Earth SystemModel, version 1.0. 4, with the CommunityAtmosphereModel, version 4. Simulations were perturbed bymodel-derived radiative forcing applied (i) only during the premonsoonal period (May–June), (ii) only during themonsoonal period (July– August), and (iii) throughout both periods. Soil water storage is found to retain the effects of premonsoonal forcing into succeedingmonths, resulting in monsoonal central India drying.Monsoonal forcing is found to dry all of India through local responses. Large-scale responses, such as the meridional rotation of monsoon jet during June and its weakening during July–August, are significant only when aerosol forcing is present throughout both premonsoonal and monsoonal periods. Monsoon responses to premonsoonal forcing by the model-derived ‘‘realistic’’ distribution versus a uniformwide-area distributionwere compared. Both simulations exhibit central India drying in June. June precipitation over northwestern India (increase) and southwestern India (decrease) is significantly changed under realistic but not under wide-area forcing. Finally, the same aerosol forcing is found to dry or moisten the July–August period following the warm or cool phase of the simulations’ ENSO-like internal variability. The selection of years used for analysis may affect the precipitation response obtained, but the overall effect seems to be an increase in rainfall variance over northwest and southwest India.
Transcriptional CDK Inhibitors as Potential Treatment Option for Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Simple Summary Type II testicular germ cell tumors are a severe type of cancer in young men demanding alternative treatment options to conventional chemotherapy with less side effects. In particular, patients with chemotherapy-resistant tumors face a bad prognosis and low survival rates. In other tumor entities, transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (7/8/9/12/13) have been demonstrated to be effective targets. Here, we studied the effects of transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors on a cellular and molecular level. We found several inhibitors to be highly cytotoxic for certain testicular germ cell tumor cell lines while leaving a somatic (fibroblast) control cell line unaffected. This opens up a novel field for effective and specified treatment of type II testicular germ cell tumors. Abstract Type II testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequently diagnosed solid malignancy in young men. Up to 15% of patients with metastatic non-seminomas show cisplatin resistance and a very poor survival rate due to lacking treatment options. Transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) have been shown to be effective targets in the treatment of different types of cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of the CDK inhibitors dinaciclib, flavopiridol, YKL-5-124, THZ1, NVP2, SY0351 and THZ531. An XTT viability assay revealed a strong cytotoxic impact of CDK7/12/13 inhibitor SY0351 and CDK9 inhibitor NVP2 on the TGCT wild-type cell lines (2102EP, NCCIT, TCam2) and the cisplatin-resistant cell lines (2102EP-R, NCCIT-R). The CDK7 inhibitor YKL-5-124 showed a strong impact on 2102EP, 2102EP-R, NCCIT and NCCIT-R cell lines, leaving the MPAF control cell line mostly unaffected. FACS-based analysis revealed mild effects on the cell cycle of 2102EP and TCam2 cells after SY0351, YKL-5-124 or NVP2 treatment. Molecular analysis showed a cell-line-specific response for SY0351 and NVP2 inhibition while YKL-5-124 induced similar molecular changes in 2102EP, TCam2 and MPAF cells. Thus, after TGCT subtype determination, CDK inhibitors might be a potential alternative for optimized and individualized therapy independent of chemotherapy sensitivity.
The effect of the COVID ‐ 19 crisis on economic and social preferences

Using incentivized decision tasks, we elicit risk, ambiguity, time and pro-social preferences in a heterogeneous sample from the Dutch population, directly before and over a one-year period during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, including two lockdown phases. This allows us to draw causal inferences on how the Corona crisis affects preferences. By controlling for heterogeneity among participants’ exposure to the COVID-19 crisis in a variety of domains we can also analyze if and how preferences respond to the degree an individual is affected by the pandemic. We find that economic preferences remain remarkably stable during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparing preferences before the start and during the pandemic, we do not observe robust differences in any of the elicited preferences. Moreover, individual differences in the exposure to the crisis in the health and the career domain and differences in beliefs about the duration of the crisis do not seem to affect preferences. At the same time, we observe some shifts in risk and time preferences among participants with a high exposure to the crisis in the financial domain. Paul Bokern: Netspar & Maastricht University, Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics; Jona Linde: Netspar & Maastricht University,Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics; Arno Riedl (corresponding author): CESifo, IZA, Netspar & Maastricht University, Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands, a.riedl@maastrichtuniversity.nl; Peter Werner: Netspar & Maastricht University, Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics. Financial support from Netspar through the grant “Understanding and improving pension savings by combining incentivized experiments, surveys, and administrative big data – A general employed population sample with a focus on the self-employed” and from the Limburg University Fund/SWOL is gratefully acknowledged.
University of Southern Denmark Total and Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Birth and Early Childhood Weight A Prospective Cohort Study on Monozygotic Twin Mothers and Their Offspring

Citation for pulished version (APA): Scheers Andersson, E. , Silventoinen, K. , Tynelius, P., Nohr, E. A. , Sørensen, T. I. A. , & Rasmussen, F. (2016). Total and Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Birth and Early Childhood Weight: A Prospective Cohort Study on Monozygotic Twin Mothers and Their Offspring. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 19(4), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016. 37
The Response Entropy Index: Comparative Assessment of Performance and Cultural Bias across Indices of Careless Responding

The response entropy (RE) index is proposed as a new method for flagging careless response patterns and is determined by calculating the balance of proportions of response types endorsed by participants on Likert-scaled surveys. In the first study, performance of the RE index was compared to other commonly used post hoc indices for detecting careless responding (CR) such as the Mahalanobis distance (MD) and the psychometric synonym (PS) index. Three different types of Bogus Sets (BS) were generated: 1) uniform random values produced by computer (n = 100); 2) normally distributed random values produced by computer (n = 100); and 3) purposefully careless responses produced by human participants (n = 100). The BS data were then implanted in a true, cleaned social science dataset (n = 500). Multinomial logistic regression determined that the RE index made independent contributions from other indices to the prediction of BS. Latent variable analyses suggest that the variability type RE index may be tapping distinct constructs from regression type indices such as the PS index. In study 2, potential cultural bias in CR indices was examined with a true social science dataset (n = 302) comprised of racially diverse participants. Unlike other post hoc indices of CR, the RE index was unrelated to participant race. Further analyses demonstrated that racial differences on other indices of CR could be accounted for by culturally different styles of survey responding. For example, Asian participants’ higher MD scores relative to White participants’ was mediated by a culturally specific acquiescent survey response style. These findings point to the useful of the RE index for detecting CR while also avoiding the conflation of CR with culturally different responding.