Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perception of injections in semi-urban communities in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria

Objective: The hazards associated with injections constitute a serious public health challenge worldwide, especially in the developing countries such as Nigeria. To adequately address this menace, there is a need for a survey to assess the perception of health-care seekers and providers on injections generally to provide a platform upon which targeted intervention can be made. This study aimed at evaluating the semi-urban community perception on injections and awareness of dangers associated with it. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. A total of 102 respondents were recruited using a multi-stage sampling technique from semi-urban area. The questionnaire sought their demographic profiles, awareness of hazards associated with injections use, and perceptions. Results: Out all the respondents, 96.1% had injections in the last 3 months. Only 47.1% seek medical help in government health facilities. Majority considered injections to be more effective than oral drugs [80.4%, odds 4.10 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.53-6.65]. Most of the respondents preferred injections (74.5%, odds 2.92 and 95% CI 1.88-4.55). Chloroquine injection was the most cited by injections the respondents (70.6%). And only, 29.4% (odds 0.42 and 95% CI 0.27-0.64) had adverse events following injections. Awareness of hazards associated with injections was not too good as (27.5%, odds 0.38 and 95% CI 0.25-0.58) admitted that injection carries no risks. Conclusion: Awareness on dangers associated with injections was poor with erroneous perception that injections generally were more effective than oral drugs. Chloroquine is still widely used as an anti-malaria drug in private settings despite its ban. Incidence of injection is high in semi-urban communities.
Recognize, Repair, and Resolve: Understanding Ruptures within the Therapeutic Alliance

The therapeutic alliance, or the relationship between the therapist and patient, has been a popular research topic and is believed to play an important role in therapy, but what happens when the bond is broken and trust cannot be established? Unresolved ruptures are associated with deterioration in the alliance and may lead to poor outcome or patient dropout (Safran & Kraus, 2014). In order to recognize that a rupture has occurred, seven themed rupture markers are provided, six interventions are suggested to repair the rupture, and ten strategies are indentified to assist clinicians resolve the rupture. To evaluate the understanding of mental health practitioners, an anonymous survey was distributed. Clinicians were asked to rate the frequency of observing when rupture markers have occurred within the relationship, the utilization of interventions to repair the rupture, and strategies to resolve the rupture. It was found that a relationship was determined between years of experience of the clinician and noticing compliance on the part of the client and with years of experience and linking the event to similar relational issues in a client‘s life. Additionally, it was determined that the recognize stage of the rupture process was identified more frequently than the later stages of repairing and resolving the rupture according to matching responses of the quantitative and qualitative questions. Strengths of this study include a sample in which 44% of respondents indicated they had 16 years of experience or more in mental health and the use of a mixed-method design. Limitations include sample size, survey instrument, and lack of funding.
Intensive versus double intensive therapy in untreated multiple myeloma

In 1995 HOVON started a prospective randomized multicenter trial to compare the efficacy of intensified treatment followed by myelo-ablative therapy and stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) with intensified treatment alone in patients with myeloma. We now report the results of a second analysis in 441 eligible patients with stage II (22%) and III (78%) disease. The median age was 55 years. Remission induction consisted of 3 courses of VAD. 63 patients with an HLA identical sibling were candidates for an allogeneic transplantation. After VAD, patients without donor were randomized to melphalan 140 mg/m2 divided in 2 doses of 70 mg/m2 (IDM) without PBSCT (arm A) or this regimen followed by myelo-ablation with cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and TBI with PBSCT (arm B). Peripheral stem cells were mobilized by cyclophosphamide and G-CSF after VAD. Interferon-a -2a was given as maintenance therapy in both arms. Of 441 patients, 303 were eligible for randomization. Patient characteristics were not significantly different between the two arms. The median follow-up from randomization was 56 months. 81% of patients received both cycles of IDM (79% in arm A and 83% in arm B) and 79% of patients received myeloablative therapy followed by autologous PBSCT in arm B. The median duration of maintenance treatment was 12 (arm A) vs 7 months (arm B). The CR rate was better in Arm B (28% vs 13% , p=0.002), while overall response rate (PR + CR) was not different (90% vs 86% , p=0.23). Median event-free survival (EFS) from randomization was 22 (arm B) vs 20 months (arm A) (logrank p=0.016). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly better in patients treated with double intensification (24 vs 23 months, logrank p=0.036). Time to Progression (TTP) was significantly worse in arm A (median 25 vs 33 months, logrank p=0.001). The difference for EFS, PFS and TTP became only evident after at least 4 years of follow-up. Overall survival (OS) was not different (55 months in arm A vs 50 in arm B, logrank p=0.38). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment arm A, higher age, hemoglobin 3 mg/L with del13/13q- and 1p/q, prognostic groups could be defined with a significant impact on OS (p<0.000002), EFS (p< 0.0002), PFS (p <0.00006) and TTP (p<0.0000002). Quality of Life analysis showed significant improvement of disease-related variables in double intensive treatment. In conclusion, in this trial second intensification by myeloablative treatment with cyclophosphamide/TBI when added to intensified chemotherapy alone resulted in a superior EFS, PFS and TTP, but not OS. The results of this trial indicate that double intensive treatment results in superior outcome, but not cure in multiple myeloma.
Post-mortem CT imaging with biopsies as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of cause of death in the intensive care unit: initial observations

Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-0584 / Post-mortem CT imaging with biopsies as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of cause of death in the intensive care unit: initial observations" by: "F. C. Bakers, P. A. M. Hofman, J. Kroll, B. de Vries, B. Latten, I. I. H. Haest, M. J. Lahaye; Maastricht/NL"
PERITONITES AIGUES DIFFUSES SECONDAIRES NON TRAUMATIQUES: ETIOLOGIES ET EVOLUTION APRES TRAITEMENT AU CHU DE BOUAKE (RCI)

Objectif: decrire les etiologies des peritonites aigues diffuses secondaires non traumatiques et rapporter l'evolution apres traitement. Patients et Methodes: Etude retrospective de 354 peritonites aigues diffuses secondaires non traumatiques operees entre Janvier 1997 et Decembre 2001. Les parametres analyses etaient l'etiologie, la duree d'hospitalisation, la morbidite, la mortalite et les facteurs pronostiques. Resultats: les principales etiologies etaient la peritonite appendiculaire (31,7%), la perforation ileale typhique (21,4%) et d'ulcere gastrique (16,9%). On notait 30,4% d'etiologies diverses dont les complications peritoneales de l'amibiase et des lavements. La duree moyenne d`hospitalisation etait de 12,6 ±9,6 jours (extremes 7 et 77 jours). L'hospitalisation etait significativement plus longue en presence (21,5 jours) qu'en l'absence (9,8 jours) de complications. Ces complications ont ete notees chez 126 patients (35,6 %) ; elles etaient dominees par la suppuration parietale notee chez 112 patients. Quarante patients (11,3%) sont decedes dans un tableau de choc septique. Les principaux facteurs de mauvais pronostic etaient le retard a l'intervention et les sutures digestives en milieu septique a l'etage sous mesocolique. Conclusion: Le profil etiologique des peritonites en milieu tropical est diiferent de celui observe en occident. Le traitement de la fievre typhoide et de l'amibiase peut reduire l'incidence des peritonites. Une consultation precoce et une prise en charge adaptee excluant toute suture en milieu septique a l'etage sous-mesocolique peuvent ameliorer le pronostic.
Using Locus of Control to Predict the Return-to-Work Achievements of Back-Injured Occupational Rehabilitation Clients

It has been proposed that perceived control plays an important role in influencing health-related behaviour. This study examined the relationship between locus of control and the return-to-work achievements of a group of back-injured workers' compensation claimants. The obtained results supported the hypothesised relationships between both ‘internal’ and ‘powerful others’ locus of control, and the return-to-work criterion variables. It was concluded that use of rehabilitation-specific measures of locus of control (such as were employed in the present study) could guide the program planning efforts of rehabilitation personnel dealing with this client group.
A Committee of One - Using Dropout for Active Learning in Deep Networks

In many of the problem domains typically tackled by deep learning, data is plentiful and cheap – but labeling of the data is tedious and expensive. Letting a model actively select the data instances it is uncertain about to train on – and ignore others – can reduce the percentage of instances that must be labeled to achieve satisfactory results. To this end, this project presents a novel semi-supervised active learning algorithm called Active Deep Dropout networks (ADD-networks). It is based on evaluating a deep neural network’s uncertainty on unlabeled instances, through measuring disagreement within a committee of networks derived from the original network. The committee members are Monte-Carlo-sampled from the full network using the concept of dropout. Experiments on classifying handwritten digits show that ADDnetworks are comparable to a state-of-the-art method, and vastly outperforms random selection of instances.
Efficacy of Dasatinib in Patients with Accelerated-Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia with Resistance or Intolerance to Imatinib: 2-Year Follow-Up Data from START-A (CA180-005).

Dasatinib (SPRYCEL®), a potent inhibitor of BCR-ABL and SRC-family kinases, has been shown to be effective and safe for patients with accelerated-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (AP-CML) who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib. START-A is a 39-center, international study to which patients with AP-CML who failed prior imatinib therapy were enrolled between December 2004 and July 2005. Here we report an update of the efficacy and safety of dasatinib (70 mg BID) from this open-label study of 174 patients with imatinib-resistant (n=161) or -intolerant (n=13) AP-CML after a median follow-up of 14.1 mo (range 0.1–21.7). Dose escalation (100 mg BID) or reduction (50 or 40 mg BID) were allowed for a lack of response or toxicity, respectively. Median time from original diagnosis of CML was 82 mo (range 4–359). Prior therapy included interferon-α in 72% of patients and stem-cell transplantation (SCT) in 13%; 52% had received prior imatinib doses >600 mg/d and 59% treatment with imatinib for >3 years. Best response to prior imatinib therapy was complete hematologic response (CHR) in 79% of patients, major cytogenetic response (MCyR) in 33%, and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) in 21%. CHRs were attained by 45% of patients, while MCyRs and CCyRs were seen in 39% and 32%, respectively. Responses were achieved irrespective of imatinib status (with MCyR of 39% for both imatinib-resistant and -intolerant subgroups), prior stem-cell transplantation (26% MCyR), or the presence of prior BCR-ABL mutations (with the exception of T315I) (40% MCyR for both the mutation-positive and -negative subgroups). Twelve-month progression-free survival and overall survival were 66% and 82%, respectively. Dose interruptions were required for 85% of patients and dose reduction for 65%; the average daily dose administered was 126 mg (range 32–196). Grade 3–4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were reported in 76% and 82% of patients. Non-hematologic toxicity was generally mild to moderate and consisted primarily of diarrhea (52% all grades, 8% grade 3–4), headache (29%,
Prevalence of Bovine Trypanosomosis and Apparent Density of Tsetse Flies in Eastern Part of Dangur District, North Western Ethiopia

Trypanosomosis is a parasitic disease that causes serious economic losses in livestock, in sub-Saharan African countries. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2011 to March 2012 in the eastern part of Dangur district, Benishangul-Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and apparent density of tsetse flies. For prevalence study, a total of 543 blood samples were collected from randomly selected animals. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) was determined and samples were examined for the presence of trypanosomes using the buffy coat technique. In total, 46 (8.5%) of the samples were tested positive for trypanosomes. The majority of the infections were caused by Trypanosoma congolense (95.7%), and the remaining was caused by Trypanosoma vivax. The difference between prevalence of trypanosomes among study sites was statistically significant (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between sexes and age groups. The mean PCV value of parasitemic animals (22.6%) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of aparasitemic animals (27.0%). A total of 528 tsetse flies were caught by deploying 78 monopyramidal traps. Of these tsetse flies, 71.8% were Glossina tachinoides and the remaining were G. morsitans submorsitans. The overall apparent density of tsetse flies was 3.4 flies per trap per day (F/T/D). In conclusion, this study revealed that trypanosomes and their vectors are prevalent and pose a huge threat to cattle production in the area. Therefore, proper intervention strategies should be put in place and implemented to minimize the burden of the disease.
EFFECT OF BREASTFEEDING DURING PREGNANCY ON THE OCCURRENCE OF MISCARRIAGE AND PRETERM LABOUR

Background Many mothers breastfeed their babies while they are pregnant. Objective To explore whether breastfeeding during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage and preterm births. Methods A case-control study conducted in Al-Mawany General Hospital through a period extended from first of September 2011 till the first of September 2012. Two hundred fifteen pregnant women who breastfed during pregnancy and two hundred eighty pregnant who weren't breastfeeding during pregnancy were studied. Demographic data, frequency of miscarriage and preterm deliveries and neonatal birth weight were compared between the two groups. Chi-Square and student t-test were used to compare the result. Significant difference was considered when P value < 0.05. Result The frequency of miscarriage among those who breastfed their babies during pregnancy were significantly lower than among those who didn’t breastfed during pregnancy, this was unaffected by exclusiveness of breastfeeding, however, there was statistically insignificant difference in the frequency of preterm deliveries and in the birth weight between the two groups. Conclusions Breastfeeding doesn't increase the risk of miscarriage or preterm births neither does it affect neonatal birth weight.
Occurrence of unusual non-fermentative gram negative bacilli in intensive care units of a university hospital, Egypt

Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) other than Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species have emerged as nosocomial pathogens. No much data is currently available concerning the occurrence of these types of bacteria in Zagazig University Hospitals (ZUHs). In this study, the occurrence as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of unusual NFGNB obtained from clinical samples collected from intensive care units (ICUs) of ZUHs was assessed. Additionally, the genetic relatedness among the most prevalent unusual NFGNB species was studied. Results: Out of 516 non-repeated clinical sample, 97 NFGNB (18.7%) were isolated. Among them, 17 unusual NFGNB were identified by API 20NE, accounting for 17.5% of NFGNB and 3.3% of all tested samples. Within the unusual NFGNB, Burkholderiacepacia complex (Bcc) was the most prevalent species accounting for 94.1% of NFGNB and 3.1% of total samples. This was followed by Burkholderia pseudomallei ( B. pseudomallei ) which accounted for 5.9% of NFGNB and 0.2% of all obtained specimens. Tigecycline antibiotic was the most effective antibiotic against Bcc isolates (68.8% susceptibility) in disc diffusion method. After random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) testing, the obtained Bcc isolates were found to be genetically diverse. This highlights Bcc as an emerging nosocomial pathogen in ICUs of ZUHs. Continuous monitoring of the occurrence of Bcc in ICU as well as in other hospital wards is warranted. Keywords: ʺUnusualʺ, ʺNon-fermentativeʺ, ʺgram-negative bacilliʺ, ʺintensive care unitʺ
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE FISHER FOLK OF UPPER BAHMAPUTRA RIVER: A CASE STUDY IN JANKHANA VILLAGE OF JORHAT DISTRICT

The fisher folk are belongs to schedule cast community. They are known as Koibotra community in Assam. The total 50 families of the village were surveyed during the study. The results reveal that total number of population of the village was 210; 61.90 % (literate) and 38.1% (Illiterate). Among the literate population, 51.53 % have upto primary, 33.84 % up to middle school, 11.53 % up to matriculation and only 3.07 % of the fisherman was found to be higher degree. The peoples were in different services such as agriculture (23.81 %), fishing (28.1 %), business (19.52 %), service (15.24 %) and labour (13.33 %). Again, 90% people were lived in the kachcha house and remaining (10 %) in pukka house while, per month income was found to be lowest (Rs. 500-1000) in the age of 20-30 and highest (1500- 4000) in the age of 50-60 group. The overall fish production of the beel was 1757 kg/yr. Out of these productions, miscellaneous was found to be maximum (679 kg/yr) with 38.65% while feather back was minimum (218 kg/yr) with 12.41%. Production of carp was lowest but production of small fishes was highest. All the villagers were not only confined in fishing but also in different occupation, because of reducing fish production in the beels due to overexploitation, siltation, human activities etc.
Autonomy and Human Dignity Are Key Features of a Good Death in Finnish Nurses’ Conceptions: A Phenomenographic Study

In Europe, most individuals die in hospitals or other health care institutions, where nurses care for them at the end of their lives. Despite the nurses’ important role in end-of-life care, their perceptions of death are underrepresented in the literature. This study explores Finnish nurses’ varied conceptions of a good death with a qualitative design. Nurses (n = 82), recruited via social media, completed a Web-based questionnaire about a good death. Data were collected in April 2014 and analyzed inductively with a phenomenographic, 7-step analysis method. The autonomy and human dignity of the dying person were highlighted in the study results as key features of a good death. Four categories of description emerged from the data: respect of one’s autonomy and human dignity, attributes of a good death, preparation for death, and contextual aspects of a good death. The findings demonstrate the broad variation in nurses’ conceptions of a good death. Nurses will be better able to provide individualized and high-quality end-of-life care with knowledge about the various existing conceptions of a good death. Future research should explore the extent to which nurses’ conceptions of a good death are realized during provision of end-of-life care by nurses in different health care settings.
Trends of Multiple Drug Resistance in Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: The frequent treatment failures with empirical therapy observed in some hospitalized typhoid fever patients in the last decade is of great concerned to both public and private physicians owing to the wide spread and circulation of antibiotic resistant strains of S. typhi Methods: This study assessed the trends in antibiotic resistance in 235 Salmonella typhi stains isolated by standard procedures from blood and/stool samples of hospitalized patients from 1997 to 2003. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the following antibiotics: chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Susceptibility and resistance were determined by standard methods. Results: From 1997 through 2003, 188 (80%) of 235 isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR), chloramphenicol being the most resisted antibiotic (83.0%) followed by Ampicillin (81.7%). Only one strain was resistant to both ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Also the prevalence of chloramphenicol resistant isolates increased gradually from 72.4% in 1997 to 89.2% in 2003. Similar trends were recorded for other four antibiotics tested, even for single drug resistance S. typhi isolates. Our study confirmed increased in circulation of MDR- S. typhi isolates over relatively short period. Conclusion: We hereby suggest for a while the immediate stoppage of prescription of chloramphenicol and other first line antibiotics used in the treatment of typhoid fever in Nigeria. The use of more effective drugs such as ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin would go a long way in stemming the prevalence of persons with chronic infections as well as reducing the widespread of MDR- S. typhi strains in our environment, but our fear is that resistance is likely to develop unless these valuable drugs are used prudently