Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fighting teenagers' sedentarity: The challenges of mobility in exurbia

This paper is about car dependency among teenagers living in ‘exurban’ locations, where the city meets the countryside. It combines the results of a study on teenagers’ mobility (Bachiri, 2006) with a physical analysis of Quebec City’s exurbia (Moretti & Vachon, 2005). Both studies were conducted by the Interdisciplinary Research Group on Suburbs (GIRBa_Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche sur les banlieues). This qualitative research explores the link between urban sprawl and the mobility of 30 teenagers aged between 12 and 18, living in six exurban territories within the Quebec City metropolitan area. The results point to teenagers’ strong dependency on being accompanied by their parent(s) or other significant adults to come and go in settings where, for the most, public transportation is absent or deficient, and where biking is often considered dangerous and walking inefficient. Teenagers spent several hours a week sitting in a school bus or in the back of their parents’ car. The results suggest adult-dependent and potentially sedentary lifestyles, with eventual hazardous impacts on teenagers’ health and socioaffective development. Key-words: Teenagers, urban sprawl, dependent mobility, independent mobility.
OUTCOME OF MUCORMYCOSIS AMONG COVID-19 PATIENTS ADMITTED AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL DURING THE SECOND WAVE

Background: Mucormycosis is caused by the fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. In the backdrop of COVID-19 expression, there has been notable increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI), namely Mucormycosis and aspergillosis. We tried to study the outcome of mucor cases during the second wave to have a better insight and understanding of the disease. Materials and Methods: Study design: descriptive study; Study setting: VIMS hospital, Ballari; Study period: May 2021 –July 2021; Study subjects: COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis admitted to VIMS hospital, Ballari; Method of data collection: data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire, secondary data related to clinical profile and management was obtained from the case records. Sample size-154. Result: Out of 154 subjects studied 148(96.1%) of the cases had rhino-cerebral type of mucormycosis. Majority 101(65.58%) of them received exclusive medical treatment and 54(34.41%) of the patients had to undergo surgery as a part of the management, most common being Endoscopic sinus surgery. Among 154 cases 24(15.6%) of them died and the direct cause of death was due to mucormycosis in 9(5.8%). Conclusion: Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection. Our study revealed that 5.8% of the deaths among COVID-19-mucormycosis patients were due to mucormycosis. Although majority of the cases were treated successfully, further studies need to be carried out to completely understand the outcomes of mucormycosis for better management in future use.
ENSO‐Related Precipitation Variability in Central Chile: The Role of Large Scale Moisture Transport

Interannual variability of precipitation in Central Chile has long been associated with changes in the dry atmospheric dynamics of the Southern Pacific. This is due to the interaction between the extratropical storm track and the polar anticyclonic circulations established by the Pacific South American (PSA) teleconnection mode, which results from changes in tropical convection. Here, we show that an enhanced subtropical moisture transport during the warm ENSO phase leads to an increase in the frequency of atmospheric rivers, larger values of precipitable water, and heightened zonal integrated water vapor transport. This occurs in a region of the Southern Pacific situated between the tropical high and the subtropical low of the PSA mode. These increases in zonal water vapor transport result in greater precipitation and moister, long‐lived atmospheric rivers making landfall in Central Chile.
Consensus of One-Sided Lipschitz Multiagents Under Switching Topologies

This paper considers the leader-following consensus of multiagents with one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics by considering switching topologies. For the suitable selection of the consensus control gain matrix and coupling weight, a new condition for consensus is achieved for switching communication links with a directed spanning tree in the topology by constraining the dwell time. Employing a communication restoration mechanism allows a method to be obtained for the case in which a topology violates a permanent directed spanning tree. Computationally straightforward consensus controller design conditions that are necessary and sufficient for the former conditions are also developed for both cases. These simpler conditions can be used to obtain consensus protocol gains directly through convex routines. An algorithm is also provided to solve nonlinear constraints using the cone complementary linearization approach by considering a nonlinear objective function optimization problem. A numerical simulation is provided for multiagents that demonstrates the proposed control schemes’ efficiency.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MASTOID CAVITY OBLITERATION VERSUS OPEN MASTOID CAVITY IN MODIFIED RADICAL MASTOIDECTOMY PATIENTS

Background: Modified radical mastoidectomy, which is performed for unsafe type of chronic otitis media, ends up with an ‘open’ mastoid cavity. This often remains as a source of chronic discharge and harbours debris and therefore requires periodic cleaning. Difficulties in fitting the hearing aid is another issue related with this condition. To overcome these problems, surgeons today prefer to obliterate the cavity. The aim is to compare mastoid cavity obliteration versus open mastoid cavity in post modified radical mastoidectomy patients. Materials and Methods: 40 patients with chronic otitis media scheduled to undergo canal wall down mastoidectomy were randomized either to open mastoid cavity technique (n=20) or mastoid cavity obliteration technique group (n=20). Demographic, clinical profile and intraoperative complications were noted and post-operative evaluation was done at regular intervals. The two groups were compared for parameters like pain (VAS), discharge, bleeding/aural granulation, wax deposition, perichondritis, healing etc. Data was compared statistically. Result: The two groups were comparable for age, sex, laterality, side and pure tone audiometry. Post-operatively, patients operated with open mastoid cavity technique had significantly higher pain score at day 7 and day 15 follow-up. There was no significant difference between two groups for any of the other outcomes studied. At day 90, none of the patients in either of two groups had pain and perichondritis. Discharge, bleeding/aural granulation and wax deposition was seen in 5 (25%), 1 (5%) and 2 (10%) of with open mastoid cavity technique as compared to 2 (10%), 0 (0%) and 0 (0%) of mastoid cavity obliteration technique group patients respectively. At day 90 healing rate was higher in mastoid cavity obliteration technique group (75%) as compared to the other group (50%) (p=0.102). Conclusion: Mastoid cavity obliteration had an edge over open mastoid cavity technique with respect to higher healing rate and lesser pain in early post-operative period.
MORTALITY-RELATED PREDICTORS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF COVID-19-A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background: Few resources discuss the relationship between COVID-19 comorbidities and ICU admission. Nevertheless, our review outlines the full range of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients and creates a scoring system for quicker care in patients admitted to tertiary hospitals. The primary aim was to establish a risk model to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This study examined data from COVID-19-infected individuals from the medical record department who had been admitted to the COVID ICU for six months. Only hospitalized patients who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were considered in this investigation. Patients who were under the age of 18 or those who had been moved to other medical facilities were excluded. Results: Among 51 patients affected with COVID-19 infection, SpO2 was significantly positively correlated with COVID-19 illness severity by about 16 odd times (p 0.05), pO2 by two odd times, and HCO3 by four odd times. So, it was determined that spo2, hco3, and po2 had a statistically significant relationship with the mortality of COVID-19-affected people. Conclusions: The main benefit of this study was that it identified the top 5 clinical and laboratory factors that predict in-hospital death.
A randomized trial of varenicline (Chantix) for the treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

Objective: The objective of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was to evaluate the efficacy of varenicline (Chantix), a partial agonist at α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors used for smoking cessation, in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 3. Methods: Patients with genetically confirmed SCA3 were randomly assigned to receive either varenicline (4 weeks for titration and 4 weeks at a dose of 1 mg twice daily) or placebo. Outcome measures included changes in the Scale for the Rating and Assessment of Ataxia (SARA) scores at endpoint (8 weeks) compared with baseline, a timed 25-foot walk and 9-hole peg test, measurements of mood and anxiety, and adverse events. Results: Twenty patients with SCA3 (mean age = 51 ± 10.98 years; mean disease duration = 14 ± 9.82 years; mean SARA score = 16.13 ± 4.67) were enrolled in the study, and data on 18 patients were analyzed in period I. The most common side effect associated with varenicline was nausea. Improvements were noted in the SARA subsections for gait (p = 0.04), stance (p = 0.03), rapid alternating movements (p = 0.003), and timed 25-foot walk (p = 0.05) and Beck Depression Inventory scores (p = 0.03) in patients taking varenicline compared with those taking placebo at endpoint, with a trend toward improvement in the SARA total score (p = 0.06) in the varenicline group. Conclusions: In this controlled study, varenicline significantly improved axial symptoms and rapid alternating movements in patients with SCA3 as measured by SARA subscores and was fairly well tolerated. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that varenicline improved the axial functions of gait, stance, and timed 25-foot walk but did not improve appendicular function, except for rapid alternating movements, in adult patients with genetically confirmed SCA3.
Reconciling ”priors” and ”priors” without prejudice?

There are two major routes to address linear inverse problems. Whereas regularization-based approaches build estimators as solutions of penalized regression optimization problems, Bayesian estimators rely on the posterior distribution of the unknown, given some assumed family of priors. While these may seem radically different approaches, recent results have shown that, in the context of additive white Gaussian denoising, the Bayesian conditional mean estimator is always the solution of a penalized regression problem. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we extend the additive white Gaussian denoising results to general linear inverse problems with colored Gaussian noise. Second, we characterize conditions under which the penalty function associated to the conditional mean estimator can satisfy certain popular properties such as convexity, separability, and smoothness. This sheds light on some tradeoff between computational efﬁciency and estimation accuracy in sparse regularization, and draws some connections between Bayesian estimation and proximal optimization.
PLATELET COUNT AND PLATELET INDICES IN PREECLAMPSIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor of pregnancy leading to maternal and foetal morbidity, particularly in cases with preeclampsia and eclampsia. The pathophysiology of which is thought to be alteration in platelet fibrinolysis, coagulation and vascular endothelial function. Aim: To study the association of platelet count and platelet indices in women suffering from preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: At the Assam Medical College and Hospital in Dibrugarh, Assam, India, a hospital-based cross-sectional comparison research has been carried out for 1 year, beginning in July 2019 and ending in June 2020, taking 60 pregnant women suffering from preeclampsia and 60 healthy pregnant women. Platelet count, MPV along with PDW have been studied in these women and data analyzed. Results: Women who were diagnosed with preeclampsia had significantly lower mean platelet count compared to those who did not have the condition, while those who did exhibit statistically significant increases in MPV and PDW. Our research also revealed a negative connection between platelet count along with both PDW and MPV in individuals with preeclampsia. Conclusion: MPV (Mean platelet volume) as well as PDW (platelet distribution width) are the best prominent and validated indices, in particular represent platelet activation, and are therefore part of the data that can be detected by a complete blood count (CBC) test for a low cost, making them potentially useful markers for thromboembolic disease.
Generosity and the Emergence of Forgiveness in the Donation Game

Research has shown that cooperative action struggles to emerge in the noisy variant of the donation game, a simple model of noisy multi-agent systems where indirect reciprocity is required to maximise utility. Such noise can arise when agents may have an incorrect view of the reputation of their interaction partners, or when the actions themselves may fail. Concepts such as generosity, as well as the use of higher-order norms, have been investigated as mechanisms to facilitate cooperation in such environments, but often are not effective or require additional assumptions or infrastructure in the system to operate. In this paper, we demonstrate both analytically and empirically that a simple form of generosity when combined with ﬁne grained reputation can help cooperation emerge. We also show that the use of individual forgiveness strategies rather than the presence of global generosity can support cooperation in such environments.
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG MEDICAL GRADUATES-AN ISSUE OF CONCERN

Background: The prevalence of mental health problems in medical students has continuously increased and is higher than the mental health problems in students with other subjects. In India current state of medical education and healthcare work places differ in certain areas from those in western or other Asian countries. At the start of medical school, medical students have mental health similar to non-medical counterparts but frequently studies suggest that students’ mental health worsens during the medical training. Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of depression among Medical Students at different levels of training. 2. To explore some key issues that have been shown to contribute to high level of depression. (Identify the associated stress factors). 3. To study any association between depression and the studied stress factors. 4. Recommendations for early identification and support. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine in collaboration with Department of Psychiatry at Government Medical College, Azamgarh in the month of February 2021. The First Professional, Second Professional and Final Professional MBBS students, who gave consent were included in the study. Total 265 students were included in the study. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale to assess the level of depression symptoms was used. Results: Overall prevalence of depression in the studied population is 38.9%. Out of 265 students 162(61.1%) students do not have depression while 65(24.5%), 30(11.3%) and 8(3%) suffered mild, moderate and severe depression respectively. Prevalence of depression is highest 48(49%) in 2nd Professional that is statically significant (p-value= 0.017). Females (49.4%) are significantly more affected than males (34.1%) with p-value=0.025. Conclusion: There is a need for awareness among medical students and other stakeholder, such as parents and faculty member regarding earliest symptoms and signs of depression so that early interventions may be administered. There is a recommendation for the authorities to include psychiatric evaluation and counselling and other needed interventions by the medical board for all the students at the time of admission to the course. A multicentre longitudinal study to estimate prevalence and persistence of depression among medical students in India is a need of the time.
Distribution and status of Bulwer's Petrel (Bulweria bulwerii jardine & selby, 1828) in the Canary Islands

This account forms part of a more extensive research project entitied "Distribution and Status of the breeding seabirds in the Canary Archipelago with the alm of providing conservation strategies", which was totally financed by the Direccion General del Medio Ambiente (Gobierno de Canarias), to whom we would like to express our most sincere gratitude. We would also like to thank Dr. F. Zino (Madeira) and Mr. Domingo Concepcion Garcia for providing very helpful and important information.
MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS IN NURSING STUDENTS - A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: Menstrual cycle is an important indicator of normal reproductive health of woman; however most of the women experience some form of menstrual problem in their lifetime. These disorders may be so severe that they influence the routine physical activity of the girls and affect their quality of life. Materials and Methods: A college based cross – sectional prospective study was conducted on 250 unmarried nursing students. They were asked to fill and return a semi-structured self-explanatory questionnaire in English containing details of sociodemography, menstrual history and menstrual problems. Results: The mean age of menarche was 13.04 ±1.133 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 20 ± 4.63kg/m2. Among 250 students, 9.6% have irregular cycles, 90.4% have regular cycles and 70.8% have cycle length of 24-38 days. Majority of girls has one or more menstrual problems. 85.6% have dysmenorrhea as most prevalent symptom and among them 29.2% have severe dysmenorrhea resulting in absenteeism to classes. 41.6% have heavy menstrual flow based on PBAC score. Most of students 78% have premenstrual symptoms. Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea and PMS are more prevalent among nursing students. Timely diagnosis and early management of these menstrual problems can help these students to lead a healthy life.
THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIVESSEL DISEASE ON MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION AND SUBSEQUENT SURVIVAL IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Background: Multi-vessel disease is associated with higher mortality rates, higher occurrence of recurrent ischaemic events and adverse prognosis in STEMI patients, which may further alter clinical course and decision making. To evaluate the impact of multivessel disease on in-hospital and long-term outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and compare these outcomes in patients with single vessel disease. Materials and Methods: This study includes 474 consecutive patients with acute STEMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Invasive coronary angiography was done as a part of primary PCI and in indicated patients, after informed consent. Patients were followed up till discharge and then at 1 month and 3 months. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using IBM SPSS software. Result: Myocardial reperfusion was assessed by ST-segment recovery and TIMI flow. Patients with multivessel disease had significantly more incomplete ST-segment resolution as compared to single vessel disease (34.11% vs 8.45%, p < 0.01). In-hospital heart failure occurred significantly higher in patients with multivessel disease (22.7%) as compared to patients with single vessel disease (12.7%) (p=0.027). In hospital MACE occurred significantly higher in MVD than SVD (28.69% vs 14.08%, p = 0.009). 3-months MACE occurred significantly higher in MVD than SVD (1.47% vs 17.5
DRY EYE POST CATARACT SURGERY: REPORT FROM DARBHANGA MEDICAL COLLEGE, LAHERIASERAI, DARBHANGA, BIHAR

Background: Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tear film and the ocular surface, that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tears film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface as reported. The current study envisages on dry eye occurring after phacoemulsification performed at Darbhanga medical college of Bihar. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between April 2022 to March 2023. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee. The study sample was drawn from patients reporting with visually significant cataract to the ophthalmology OPD. A total of 100 patients, aged 40-80 years were included in the study. All patients underwent a detailed ocular examination including slit lamp examination as a part of work up for cataract surgery and also to rule out any ocular surface disorder. The study parameter for documenting dry eye was the Schirmer’s strip wetting at the end of 5 min (basal and reflex). Schirmers test was done at baseline before surgery and at one month and 3 months after surgery in the operated eye. Schirmer test value less than 10 mm was taken as dry eye. Dry eye was graded as mild, moderate and severe based on Schirmer’s test values 7-9 mm, 5-7 mm and< 5 mm respectively. Result: Out of 100 patients 92 underwent phacoemulsification surgery, 7 underwent SICS while ECCE was done only for single patient. The cumulative incidence of dry eyes at the end of three months was 21%. 46 patients were found to have dry eyes at 1 month of which 32 resolved and 14 persisted at 3 months and 7 more new patients developed dry eyes at 3 months. Majority of patients had mild dry eyes. Conclusion: Dry eye is known to have various etiological factors out of which cataract surgery is one of the factors predisposing to dry eye. Eyes with post operative dry eye may also have lesser visual recovery compared to those who do not develop significant dryness.
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Identifying and addressing the predictors of youth violence at appropriate points in youth development is important for prevention. Unfortunately, there have been few high-quality longitudinal studies of the predictors of youth violence. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s (OJJDP’s) Study Group on Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders (Study Group) brought 22 researchers together for 2 years to analyze current research on risk and protective factors and the development of serious and violent juvenile offending careers.