Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in rhesus macaques and local residents in the central mid-hills of Nepal

Summary Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are distributed across Nepal in close association with humans and with a high probability of sharing of soil-transmitted intestinal helminth parasites. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, richness and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites among rhesus macaques and humans in the Daunne Forest area, a community managed forest in the central mid-hills of Nepal. A total of 190 fecal samples, including 120 samples from rhesus macaques residing around the Daunne Devi Temple and in the surrounding forest, and 70 from local people, were microscopically examined by direct wet mount, floatation and sedimentation methods. Seasonal and age-sex based variations in helminth parasite prevalence were analyzed. Among the rhesus macaques, the total parasite prevalence was 39.2 %. Strongyloides sp. accounted for the highest prevalence (19.17 %) followed by Ascaris sp. (13.33 %), hookworm (10.83 %) and Trichuris sp. (4.17 %). Among the humans, Ascaris lumbricoides (11.3 %) was the only parasite detected. The Sorenson’s coefficient of similarity of GI parasites between the macaques and local people at the generic level was 0.4. Mean parasite richness for the macaques was 1.21 ± 0.41 (SD) per infected sample. Parasite prevalence in the summer season (41.4 %) was higher than in the winter season (36 %). Adult macaques (41.67 %) had higher GI parasite prevalence than the young (30.77 %) and infants (27.27 %). Among the adult macaques, the prevalence rate was significantly higher (P=0.005) in females (52.46 %) than in males (22.86 %). Our results indicate that the temple rhesus macaques have a high prevalence of GI helminth parasites and could pose a potential zoonotic risk. As such, the need for routine monitoring and an effective management strategy is essential.
Features of the coefficient of variation of parameters of the gas environment in fire in the premises

The object of the study is the selective coefficient of variation of dangerous parameters of the gas environment during the ignition of materials. The measure of the sample coefficient of variation of an arbitrary hazardous parameter of the gas environment observed at an arbitrary time interval is substantiated. The representativeness error of the measure of the sampling coefficient of variation, which depends on the value of the measure and the sample size, was determined. The measure allows you to numerically determine its value for an arbitrary observation interval. The difference in the measure at the intervals corresponding to the reliable absence and occurrence of ignition allows to detect the occurrence of ignition of the material. According to the results of laboratory studies, the measures of the sample coefficient of variation for carbon monoxide concentration, smoke density, and temperature of the gas medium in the laboratory chamber at intervals of absence and appearance of ignition of alcohol, paper, wood, and textiles were determined. It was established that the dangerous parameters of the gas environment at the intervals of absence and presence of ignition are characterized by different values of the increase in the measure of the sample coefficient of variation. For example, it is determined that the ignition of alcohol causes the maximum increase in the measure for carbon monoxide concentration from 0.135 to 0.441, for smoke density from 0.629 to 0.805, and for temperature from 0.001 to 0.115. When paper catches fire, the measure for carbon monoxide concentration and temperature increases from 0.0026 to 0.140 and from 0.0019 to 0.05, respectively. When burning wood, the measure for carbon monoxide concentration and temperature increases from 0.0072 to 0.177 and from 0.0067 to 0.016, respectively. The obtained results, provided that the hazardous parameters of the gas environment in the premises are measured and the sample coefficient of variation is calculated in practice, make it possible to use them in the creation of early fire detection systems
Evaluation of oxbow lakes and circulating irrigation in the Ishikari River basin, Japan.

The study attempts to clarify the functions of oxbow lakes in rural irrigation systems. The status of oxbow lakes was briefly investigated through interviews with town officials and land improvement agencies. It is clear that even though canals have been constructed in the area, oxbow lakes in the Ishikari River basin are utilized as primary and auxiliary irrigation resources and as reservoirs for circulating irrigation systems. In the Urausu region, 14% of the irrigation water resource comes from oxbow lakes. The percentage of drainage into the oxbow lakes is 72.0% during the puddling period and 64.6% during the normal period. The percentage of water recycled through the oxbow lakes is 76.3% during the puddling period and 66.4% during the normal period. Furthermore, all water used in circulating irrigation is obtained from the oxbow lake in the region around Karisatonuma. This reduces the amount of water taken from the river. This suggests that rural resources, such as oxbow lakes, can continue to be used as a component of regional irrigation systems. This information may be beneficial as a reference for costeffective development of rural irrigation systems in developing countries.
SPARE—A Scalable Algorithm for Passive, Structure Preserving, Parameter-Aware Model Order Reduction

This paper describes a flexible and efficient new algorithm for model order reduction of parameterized systems. The method is based on the reformulation of the parameterized system as a perturbation-like parallel interconnection of the nominal transfer function and the nonparameterized transfer function sensitivities with respect to the parameter variations. Such a formulation reveals an explicit dependence on each parameter which is exploited by reducing each component system independently via a standard nonparameterized structure preserving algorithm. Therefore, the resulting smaller size interconnected system retains the structure of the original system with respect to parameter dependence. This allows for better accuracy control, enabling independent adaptive order determination with respect to each parameter and adding flexibility in simulation environments. It is shown that the method is efficiently scalable and preserves relevant system properties such as passivity. The new technique can handle fairly large parameter variations on systems whose outputs exhibit smooth dependence on the parameters, also allowing design space exploration to some degree. Several examples show that besides the added flexibility and control, when compared with competing algorithms, the proposed technique can, in some cases, produce smaller reduced models with potential accuracy gains.
Partial Differential Equations/Functional Analysis Convex Sobolev inequalities and spectral gap

This Note is devoted to the proof of convex Sobolev (or generalized Poincaré) inequalities which interpolate between spectral gap (or Poincaré) inequalities and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. We extend to the whole family of convex Sobolev inequalities results which have recently been obtained by Cattiaux, and Carlen and Loss for logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. Under local conditions on the density of the measure with respect to a reference measure, we prove that spectral gap inequalities imply all convex Sobolev inequalities including in the limit case corresponding to the logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. To cite this article: J
Perinatal exposure to low levels of the environmental Perinatal exposure to low levels of the environmental antiandrogen vinclozolin alters sex-differentiated social play and antiandrogen vinclozolin alters sex-differentiated social play and sexual behaviors in the rat sexual behaviors in the rat

In this study we examined the effects of exposure to the antiandrogenic fungicide vinclozolin (Vz) on the development of two sex-differentiated behaviors that are organized by the perinatal actions of androgens. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were administered a daily oral dose of 0, 1.5, 3, 6
Association of wrist circumference and waist-to-height ratio with Association of wrist circumference and waist-to-height ratio with cardiometabolic risk factors among type II diabetics in a cardiometabolic risk factors among type II diabetics in a Ghanaian population Ghanaian population

The study determined the association of wrist circumference (WrC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with cardiometabolic risk factors among diabetics in a Ghanaian population. This cross-sectional study involved 384 diabetic patients at Begoro District Hospital, Ghana. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and biochemical indices were measured. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS)
Preparation, radiolabeling and cell culture studies of chitosan coated PLGA nanoparticles as a potential cancer diagnostic agent

: Using the nanoprecipitation process, chitosan coated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based polymeric nanoparticle formulations of two molecular weights were developed as a possible cancer cell diagnostic agent. Photon correlation spectroscopy was used to measure the particle size, distribution [polydispersity index (PDI)]
in Early

Simple Summary: The current understanding of the origin and rapid diversiﬁcation of biomin-eralized skeletal animals and their environmental interactions during the Cambrian Radiation is largely dependent on the phosphatized skeletal remains of early animals. However, many questions remain unresolved about this early Cambrian animal skeletonization bio-event, as identiﬁcation of primary mineralogy and microstructural organization of these earliest skeletons is often difﬁcult. The comparison of previously poorly understood ﬁbrous microstructures (represented in this study by lamello-ﬁbrillar nacre in early Cambrian mollusk and hyolith shells) with their modern counterparts (coleoid cuttlebones and serpulid tubes) shows key differences in shell microstructures of these animal groups. For example, the aragonitic lamello-ﬁbrillar nacre in some Cambrian shells is herein demonstrated to represent a primitive calcitic prismatic microstructure. This also demonstrates the prevalence of calcitic shells in the Terreneuvian, a period of time when seawater chemistry was thought to predominantly facilitate the precipitation of aragonite skeletons, suggesting that biomineralization of prismatic calcite is strongly biologically controlled. Abstract: The Precambrian–Cambrian interval saw the ﬁrst appearance of disparate modern metazoan phyla equipped with a wide array of mineralized exo-and endo-skeletons. However, the current knowledge of this remarkable metazoan skeletonization bio-event and its environmental interactions is limited because uncertainties have persisted in determining the mineralogy, microstructure, and hierarchical complexity of these earliest animal skeletons. This study characterizes in detail a previously poorly understood ﬁbrous microstructure—the lamello-ﬁbrillar (LF) nacre—in early Cambrian mol-lusk and hyolith shells and compares it with shell microstructures in modern counterparts (coleoid cuttlebones and serpulid tubes). This comparative study highlights key differences in the LF nacre amongst different lophotrochozoan groups in terms of mineralogical compositions and architectural organization of crystals. The results demonstrate that the LF nacre is a microstructural motif conﬁned to the Mollusca. This study demonstrates that similar ﬁbrous microstructure in Cambrian mollusks and hyoliths actually represent a primitive type of prismatic microstructure constituted of calcitic prisms. Revision of these ﬁbrous microstructures in Cambrian fossils demonstrates that calcitic shells are prevalent in the so-called aragonite sea of the earliest Cambrian. This has important implications for understanding the relationship between seawater chemistry and skeletal mineralogy at the time when skeletons were ﬁrst acquired by early lophotrochozoan biomineralizers.
Effects of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol and their combinations on methane emission, feed intake, and milk production in dairy cows

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of individual and combined use of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on dairy cows’ enteric methane (CH 4 ) emission and production performance. Twenty-four primiparous and 24 multiparous Danish Holstein cows (111 ± 44.6 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were included in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square design with six 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement aiming for 2 levels of FAT (30 or 63 g of crude fat/kg of dry matter [DM]; LF or HF, respectively), 2 levels of NITRATE (0 or 10 g of nitrate/kg of DM; UREA or NIT, respectively), and 2 levels of 3-NOP (0 or 80 mg/kg DM; BLANK or NOP, respectively). Treatments were included in ad libitum-fed partial mixed rations in bins that automatically measured feed intake and eating behavior. Additional concentrate was offered as bait in GreenFeed units used for measurement of gas emission. For total DM intake (DMI), a FAT × NITRATE interaction showed that DMI, across parities and levels of 3-NOP, was unaffected by separate fat supplementation, but reduced by nitrate with 4.6% and synergistically decreased (significant 2-way interaction) with 13.0% when fat and nitrate were combined. Additionally, 3-NOP decreased DMI by 13.4% and the combination of 3-NOP with fat and nitrate decreased DMI in an additive way (no significant 3-way interaction). The decreasing effects on DMI were more pronounced in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows. For treatments with largest reductions in DMI, eating behavior was altered toward more frequent, but smaller meals, a slower eating rate and increased attempts to visit unassigned feed bins. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield
death. blood flow in the clinical determination of brain The role of xenon CT measurements of cerebral

The demonstration of absent blood flow to the brain is often used as a confirmatory test of brain death. Traditionally, cerebral angiography and dynamic radionuclide brain scanning have been used for this purpose. Recently, xenon CT cerebral blood flow techniques have been developed and applied to a wide variety of clinical problems, including the confirmation of brain death. We report our experience with xenon CT studies performed over a 7-year period (1983-1989) in 30 patients with brain injuries. These patients met clinical criteria for brain death within 24 hr of the study. Twenty patients had average global flow values of less than 5 ml/100 mljmin. Seven patients demonstrated mixed flow patterns, whereby large areas of brain showed flow values of <5 ml/100 ml/min and residual pockets of flow greater than 5 ml/100/mljmin. Globally symmetric normal to hyperemic flows were seen in three patients. Our study suggests that the demonstration of average global flows of <5/ml/100 ml/ min is confirmatory of brain death. Demonstration of persistent flow to the entire brain or regions of the brain is not diagnostic of brain death but also does not exclude such an outcome in patients with severe brain injuries. Xenon-derived flow information may be clinically useful in
Adaptive and resource-efficient rural area wireless networks

Internet connectivity is an essential factor for human development. Unfortunately, connectivity opportunities differ drastically among regions. While people in urban areas of the developed world enjoy always-on, high-bandwidth connectivity, those residing in rural areas of the developing world often have very slow and intermittent, or no connectivity at all. In this dissertation we propose a holistic approach that aims to improve local and global connectivity of rural, underdeveloped regions. First, we perform an in-depth analysis of the usage of existing technologies in one of the world's most infrastructure-deprived regions — rural Africa. Our analysis is based on on-site interviews and network traffic analyses from two sub-Saharan villages. Our findings show that the current technology does not successfully tackle unique challenges of rural area networking, such as the need to cover vast underpopulated areas, and operate with low energy resources. In addition, we find that the specific ways the Internet is used in rural areas calls for re-engineering of online applications so that they are made appropriate to the needs of the local population. The analysis results serve as guidelines for developing novel networking solutions for rural regions. To cover vast under-populated areas we propose long-range wireless networks operating in the white space spectrum. For this spectrum we develop PowerRate and WhiteRate, rate adaptation protocols geared towards optimal utilization of limited energy and spectrum resources, and support for critical voice and video, applications. For white space network organization we propose VillageLink, a protocol for channel allocation in a multiuser system. To reduce unnecessary communication delay, symptomatic for rural networks, we propose a suite of network traffic localization techniques: VillageCell, a low-cost, low-power, community-owned cell phone infrastructure, and VillageShare, a network traffic localization system that facilitates file sharing within a community. We also develop a novel distributed online social network architecture which harnesses locality of interactions to improve user experience and preserve bandwidth in remote regions. Finally, we strive to go beyond pilots, and, through collaborative work with local stakeholders and researchers, create solutions that will become integral parts of everyday life in rural areas.
ALCOHOL’S IMPACT ON THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH A literature review

This report aims to build increased understanding of the effects of alcohol on women and children in the Global South. The scope of the report includes harms from one’s own and others’ drinking and seeks to identify the types of health and social harms experienced by women and children (including adolescent children), and the ways in which one’s own drinking and others’ drinking may have impacted upon women’s and children’s rights to health, wellbeing, safety and their potential for development. Hence the focus of this report is to identify the:  impacts of one’s own and others’ drinking on the wellbeing and quality of life of women and children  impact of drinking on educational outcomes for women and children  harms to women’s physical and mental health due to their own and others’ drinking  violence against women and children due to others’ drinking.
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks

—Recent reports show that BGP hijacking has increased substantially. BGP hijacking allows malicious ASes to obtain IP preﬁxes for spamming as well as intercepting or blackholing trafﬁc. While systems to prevent hijacks are hard to deploy and require the cooperation of many other organizations, techniques to detect hijacks have been a popular area of study. In this paper, we classify detected hijack events in order to document BGP detectors output and understand the nature of reported events. We introduce four categories of BGP hijack: typos, prepending mistakes, origin changes, and forged AS paths. We leverage AS hegemony – a measure of dependency in AS relationship – to identify forged AS paths in a fast and efﬁcient way. Besides, we utilize heuristic approaches to ﬁnd common operators’ mistakes such as typos and AS prepending mistakes. The proposed approach classiﬁes our collected ground truth into four categories with 95.71% accuracy. We characterize publicly reported alarms ( e.g. BGPMon) with our trained classiﬁer and ﬁnd 4%, 1%, and 2% of typos, prepend mistakes, and BGP hijacking with a forged AS path, respectively.
Microneedling with Triamcinolone acetonide versus Intralesional Microneedling with Triamcinolone acetonide versus Intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide in treatment of Alopecia Areata Triamcinolone acetonide in treatment of Alopecia Areata

Background : Alopecia areata (AA) is a widespread, nonscarring skin illness, triggered by T-cell-mediated autoimmune responsestargetinghairfolliclesattheanagenstage.AAisarelativelyfrequentdiseasewithaworldwideincidenceof1 e 2%. However, AA is among the most prevalent autoimmune disorders. In general, there is no sex preference. It often affects children and young people. The scalp is the place that is most frequently impacted, but any area that bears hair might also be affected.Severeformscanbepresentasalopeciatotalisoralopeciauniversalis. Thisstudyaimedtocomparetheeffectiveness ofintralesionaltriamcinoloneacetonideversusmicroneedling(MN)withtriamcinoloneacetonideforAAtreatment. Patients and methods : In all, 50 patients with localized AA is included in this comparative study, all of whom were recruited from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of Al-Azhar University Hospitals. Results : The collected data was tallied and statistically analyzed. The ﬁ ndings revealed a statistically signi ﬁ cant reduction of the SALT (Severity of Alopecia Tool) score and all dystrophic hair markers of AA by dermoscopy at the end of the study versus baseline in both groups. The difference between the MN group and the intralesional group concerning clinical response was statistically insigni ﬁ cant. Conclusion : MN is an effective collagen induction therapy in treating AA, especially when combined with triamcinolone acetonide, as it provides a comparatively inexpensive, safe, less painful, and less invasive tool with no serious complications.
Exploring Links between Parent-Child Playground Behavior and HEXACO Personality Traits

The authors investigate the personality traits of parents and children and their significant influence on the behavior of the other. Using the HEXACO model of personality, the authors examine the behavior of one hundred parent-child dyads on a playground to understand broader parent-child relationships. Their analyses reveal two opposed types of parental behavior (engaged parents versus unengaged parents) and child behavior (introverted cautious play versus autonomous energetic play) on the playground. The authors assert their study demonstrates that the personality traits of both parents and children as measured by the HEXACO model play a significant role in parental and child behaviors during play and in broader interactions.