Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracloacal Inoculation of Broiler Chickens with Clostridium perfringens Strains: Evaluation of Necrotic Enteritis Disease Development and Lymphoid Immune Responses

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an economically important disease of chickens. We have recently shown that inflammatory responses in chickens inoculated orally with virulent Clostridium perfringens were spatially regulated. Here, we used previously virulence-characterized netB+ C. perfringens strains, avirulent CP5 and virulent CP18 and CP26, to assess the severity of NE and immune responses in broiler chickens when inoculated intracloacally. The results showed that CP18- and CP26-infected birds had a reduced weight gain and developed milder/less severe NE lesions, as determined by the gross lesions scores, suggesting a subclinical-grade infection. Gene expression analysis in infected birds revealed three statistically significant observations compared to uninfected-control: (1) Increased expression of anti-inflammatory/immunoregulatory interleukin (IL)-10/transforming growth factor (TGF)β in cecal tonsil (CT) and bursa of Fabricius in the CP18/CP26-infected groups. (2) Increased CT transcription of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)γ and decreased Harderian gland (HG) expression of IFNγ in the CP18/CP26-infected birds. (3) Increased HG or bursal expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in CP5-infected birds. Collectively, intracloacal C. perfringens inoculation seems to induce a highly regulated inflammatory response in the CT and other mucosal lymphoid organs and an intracloacal infection model may be useful in evaluating immune responses in chickens with subclinical NE.
DETERMINATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE: ANALYSIS OF JOB SATISFACTION AND WORK ENVIRONMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT)

This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and work environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and performance. This research is a case study on the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). Performance is an important factor for ASN for service satisfaction to the community, therefore OCB needs to be owned by ASN because OCB is believed to be interrelated with employee performance. This research was conducted to build hypotheses that are useful for further research. This article reviews the variables that affect OCB and performance. The result of this library research article is that job satisfaction and work environment affect OCB and ASN performance.
Cosmic Radiation Detection by Solid State Nuclear Track Detector Technique

Passive Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) have been employed successfully during the past two decades in space radiation studies due to their excellent physico-chemical properties. They are useful for charged particle detection in the linear energy transfer (LET) range above the threshold value of ~10 keV μm-1. It was applicable for measurement of cosmic ray primary and secondary particles, including recoil nuclei, projectile and target fragments and secondary neutrons in past projects such as DOSMAP, BRADOS, ALTCRISS, Matroshka or recently in progress as SPD, DOSIS, as well as, in ground based experiment as Icchiban. The continuous development in the understanding of the track formation mechanism and improvement of detection techniques have resulted in the determination of the cosmic ray LET spectrum with less uncertainties and provided improved assessment of the dose burden of astronauts and helped to increase the effectiveness of radiation shielding of spaceships. Space dosimetry by nuclear track methodology stresses the advantages of passive systems for cosmic radiation field studies due to their robustness, compact dimensions, and complete independence from external power supply. SSNTDs cope also with requirement imposed by portable area monitoring or personal dose integrator to assess radiation risk of astronauts during intra or extra-vehicular activity. This review tries to provide a short summary about fundamentals and applications of space radiation studies using SSNTDs.Contents of Paper
Spatially Extended Differential Equations in a Potential: On the Borders of the Basins of Attraction Related to Local Minima

Abstract We consider a class of non-linear parabolic or hyperbolic partial differential equations on unbounded domains. These equations can be viewed as spatial extensions of dissipative oscillators in a potential. We prove that the basins of attraction of the homogeneous stationary solutions corresponding to local minima of the potential are open, and we describe the asymptotic behavior of a class of solutions which belong to the borders of these basins. We also study the basin of attraction of a homogeneous stationary solution corresponding to a global minimum of the potential.
Review of Dual-Active-Bridge Converters With Topological Modifications

The dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters inherit favorite features including zero-voltage switching (ZVS) capability, wide voltage range, and natural bidirectional power flow. Facing different applications and high market requirements, conventional DAB topologies with various modulations are gradually inadequate, so topological modifications are emerged in the literature to deal with these situations. Based on their characteristics of these modified DAB topologies, in this article, we provide a comprehensive review and classification, and the methodology to modify DAB topologies is proposed. First, basic cells including input/output types, active bridges, transformers, and auxiliary high-frequency networks are introduced. Next, by combining these cells flexibly, modified DAB converters are derived, and they are classified in terms of structural characteristics and discussed in detail. Finally, the characteristics, merits, and demerits of the modified DAB converters are concluded. Evolvement history, future trends, and the derivation of new topologies are also analyzed. This article aims to present a clear picture of the general law and framework of the modified DAB topologies and give the inspiration to derive new DAB topologies to address specific requirements.
Importance of Clinical Isolates in Cryptococcus neoformans Research

The human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is a global health concern. Previous research in the field has focused on studies using reference strains to identify virulence factors, generate mutant libraries, define genomic structures, and perform functional studies. In this review, we discuss the benefits and drawbacks of using reference strains to study C. neoformans, describe how the study of clinical isolates has expanded our understanding of pathogenesis, and highlight how studies using clinical isolates can further develop our understanding of the host–pathogen interaction during C. neoformans infection.
The Reliability and Validity of Dental Indifference Scale among Romanian Young Adults

The study aimed at examining the reliability and the validity of the Dental Indifference Scale (DIS), which measures the significant undervaluing attitude towards the state of one’s oral health. The study has a cross-sectional design in which 660 young Romanian adults (Meanage = 30.69; 30.30% males) completed an online survey in which the Dental Indifference Scale was included alongside five items related to one’s behavior towards oral health. The reliability was calculated by means of internal consistency and test-retest after two or three weeks. The DIS scores were associated with the questions regarding oral health habits. Although DIS is discriminatory regarding the behavior towards oral hygiene (brushing, flossing) and diet, the reliability of the scale is low (α = 0.37; ω = 0.39; Intraclass correlation coefficienttest-retest = 0.60). In comparison with prior research, no gender differences were found. In exchange, the scores for dental indifference (DI) are significantly different when it comes to comparing people with secondary education and people who are university graduates. The study shows that DIS needs to be used with caution and only with other instruments that evaluate attitudes and behaviors related to oral health which passed the test of validation in various cultural models, the Romanian one included.
Gender equity in the scientific nursing journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports: A cross-sectional study

Background Scientific activity has been connected to the proven inequality between women and men. To examine the state of gender equality in nursing research by analyzing the representation of male and female as editors and as authors of articles published in scientific journals. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out between September-2019 and May-2020. All the scientific publications published in 115 nursing journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports in the years 2008, 2013, and 2017 were chosen as analysis units. The main variables studied were gender of the “journal editor”; gender of the “first author”, “last author”, “corresponding author”, and “first author in funded articles”. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. Results The proportion of male editors in 2008, 2013, and 2017 was 23.3, 19, and 18.5% respectively, with a male/female ratio of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. Male editors are mainly found in the journals of the first quartile (Q1 = 33.8%, ratio1:2), compared to the journals of the fourth quartile (Q4 = 6.6%, ratio1:14), p < 0.01. The male authorship position was “last author” (30.9%, ratio1:2), “corresponding author” (23.3%, ratio 1:3), “first author” (22.1%, ratio 1:4) and “first author in funded articles” (21.8%, ratio 1:4). Furthermore, in 19.5%, of the articles there were more male authors. The percentage of articles with male authorship increased from 2008 to 2017, “first author” (21.1–23.4%; p < 0.01), “last author” (30.0–31.1%; p = 0.22), “corresponding author” (22.5–24.2; p = 0.01), and “first author in funded articles” (18.1–25.9%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Men are over-represented in the editor role in the most prestigious nursing journals. There are a higher proportion of male authors in the main positions of authorship.
SPI1 Mediates N-Myristoyltransferase 1 to Advance Gastric Cancer Progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive tract malignancy worldwide. N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1) has been implicated in many cancers, but its association with gastric cancer remains to be clarified. Thus, this paper elucidated the role of NMT1 in GC. The NMT1 expression level in GC and normal tissue samples as well as the relationship between NMT1 high or low expression and overall survival in GC was analyzed via GEPIA. GC cells were transfected with NMT1 or SPI1 overexpression plasmid and short hairpin RNA against NMT1 (shNMT1) or shSPI1. NMT1, SPI1, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, and mTOR levels were detected through qRT-PCR and western blot. MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays were applied to test cell viability, migration, and invasion. The binding relationship of SPI1 and NMT1 was determined through a dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. NMT1 was upregulated in GC, the high level of which connected with a poor prognosis. Overexpressed NMT1 elevated viability, migration rate, and invasion rate of GC cells, whereas NMT1 knockdown leads to the opposite results. Besides, SPI1 could bind to NMT1. Overexpressed NMT1 reversed the effects of shSPI1 on decreasing viability, migration, invasion, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR in GC cells, and NMT1 knockdown reversed the effects of SPI1 overexpression on increasing viability, migration, invasion, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR. SPI1 upregulated NMT1 to facilitate the malignant behaviors of GC cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
A Strong Representation of the Product-Limit Estimator for Left Truncated and Right Censored Data

In this paper we consider the TJW product-limit estimatorFn(x) of an unknown distribution functionFwhen the data are subject to random left truncation and right censorship. An almost sure representation of PL-estimatorFn(x) is derived with an improved error bound under some weaker assumptions. We obtain the strong approximation ofFn(x)? F(x) by Gaussian processes and the functional law of the iterated logarithm is proved for maximal derivation of the product-limit estimator toF. A sharp rate of convergence theorem concerning the smoothed TJW product-limit estimator is obtained. Asymptotic properties of kernel estimators of density function based on TJW product-limit estimator is given.
Mexican school students’ perceptions of inclusion: A brief report on students’ social inclusion, emotional well-being, and academic self-concept at school

With the increasing student diversity, inclusive education has only become more relevant. Given that inclusive education is considered as the most effective approach to improve quality of education and promote equity and social cohesion, research has focused on examining the facilitators and barriers of meaningful inclusive education as well as the effectiveness of inclusive education on students’ academic outcomes. In contrast, far less attention has been paid to explore students’ non-achievement outcomes, such as their socio-emotional development. Therefore, this brief report presents the results of a small-scale exploratory study which examines Mexican students’ perceptions regarding their social inclusion, emotional well-being, and academic self-concept. A total of 101 Mexican students were included in the sample. Nonparametric tests such as Chi-square goodness of fit, Mann–Whitney U and Dunn’s tests were conducted to analyze the data. Overall, results show that students in general perceive themselves included at school, however, students attending private schools experience less emotional well-being. Implications of the results as well as further lines of research are discussed.
Cognitive Factors Related to Metaphor Goodness in Poetic and Non-literary Metaphor

ABSTRACT In this paper we examine the effect of two cognitive variables, Semantic Neighborhood Density and Interpretive Diversity, in first, distinguishing between literary (poetic) and nonliterary metaphor, and second, in determining what makes for a good metaphor. Analyses of items taken from a widely used set ofmetaphor norms indicated that while literary and nonliterary metaphor did not differ in many ways, the poetic items tended to 1) contain concepts that came from a more dense semantic space, 2) contain topic and vehicles that came from equally dense semantic space, 3) suggest a greater number of possible interpretations as the topic and vehicle became more semantically dissimilar, and 4) evoke more emergent interpretations (i.e., less likely to be a characteristic of the topic or vehicle when considered separately). In addition, we found one way that the two variables were related to metaphor goodness: better metaphors were those with vehicles that came from increasingly less dense semantic space. This correlation was only reliable for literary, poetic items, presumably because these items were taken from a richer semantic environment suggesting many more alternative possibilities.
Climate-related variables may not improve monthly scale rainfall predictions by artificial neural networks for the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) may experience problems due to insufficient or uninformative predictors, and these problems are common for complex predictions such as those for rainfall. However, some studies point to the use of climate variables and anomalies as predictors to make the forecast more accurate. This research aimed to predict the monthly rainfall, one month in advance, in four municipalities of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte using an ANN trained with different climate variables; additionally, it aimed to indicate the suitability of such variables as inputs to these models. The models were developed using the MATLAB® software Version R2011a using the NNTOOL toolbox. The ANNs were trained by the multilayer perceptron architecture and the feedforward and backpropagation algorithm using two combinations of input data, with two and six variables, and one combination of input data with the three most correlated variables to observed rainfall from 1970 to 1999 to predict the rainfall from 2000 to 2009. The climate variable most correlated with the rainfall of the following month was the average compensated temperature. Even when using the variables most correlated with precipitation as predictors (0.66 ≤ nt index ≤ 1.26), there was no notable improvement in the predictive capacity of the models when compared to those that did not use climate variables as predictors (0.55 ≤ nt index ≤ 0.80). Keywords: artificial intelligence, ENSO, hydrological modelling.
Subsequent Domino Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures Adversely Affect Short-Term Health-Related Quality of Life: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Background and Objectives: Conservative treatment is the gold standard for acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures (AOVFs). However, the treatment strategy for multiple AOVFs remains unknown. We conducted a prospective study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate how rapidly subsequent osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) occur as domino OVFs within 3 months. This study aimed to assess the incidence and impact of domino OVFs on quality of life (QOL) following conservative treatment for initial AOVFs. Materials and Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted at eight hospitals. The included patients were those with AOVFs occurring within 3 weeks, aged >60 years, and diagnosed using MRI. All patients were treated conservatively and underwent MRI after 3 months. Subsequent domino OVFs were defined as newly occurring OVFs within 3 months. Patient characteristics, types of conservative treatment, and patient-reported outcomes, including a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association back pain evaluation questionnaire (JOABPEQ), were evaluated and compared between the domino OVF and non-domino OVF groups. Results: A total of 227 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 80.1 ± 7.3 years and 78% were female. Subsequent domino OVFs were observed in 31 (13.6%) patients within 3 months. An increasing number of prevalent OVFs were significantly associated with domino OVFs (p = 0.01). No significant differences in bone mineral density, type of brace, and anti-osteoporosis medications were found between the two groups. The JOABPEQ (excluding social function), ODI, and VAS were significantly improved after 3 months. Patients with domino OVFs at 3 months had poorer JOABPEQ social life function, ODI, and VAS than those with non-domino OVFs. Conclusions: In this study, the incidence of domino OVFs was 13.6% within 3 months. Domino OVFs had a negative impact on QOL at 3 months and were associated with prevalent OVFs.
Adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy and 3-year clinical outcome following acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Aims Despite the well-established clinical benefits and strong recommendations in clinical guidelines, adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is known to be insufficient. We investigated the adherence to GDMT and its impact on the 3-year clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and results Source data were obtained from KAMIR-NIH, a Korean multi-centre observational registry. GDMT was defined according to the ACC/AHA Class I recommendations. Adherence to GDMT was assessed at discharge and every year thereafter. The differences in clinical characteristics between patients receiving and those not receiving GDMT were adjusted using propensity score matching (PSM) or inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which was a composite of all-cause death and non-fatal MACE, including myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization, or stroke. Of 12 815 patients, GDMT adherence was 70.2% at discharge, and decreased gradually into 54.6% at 3-year. GDMT at discharge was associated with lower MACE risk in the unadjusted analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.51, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.47–0.55, P < 0.001] and also in the PSM- or IPTW-adjusted analyses (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.69–0.86; HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.72–0.86; P < 0.001, all). These findings were replicated in the 1-year or 2-year landmark analyses (HR = 0.58 to 0.82, P < 0.01, all). Conclusion Adherence to GDMT was sub-optimal among patients with AMI in Korea. As the adherence to GDMT was associated with a lower incidence of MACE during 3-year follow-up, the maintenance of long-term GDMT might be crucial for patients with AMI.
The Language Demands of Analytical Reading and Writing at School

Analytical writing poses particularly challenging, yet often overlooked, language demands that need attention in educational research and practice. In this article, I discuss the Core Analytical Language Skills (CALS) construct and its relevance for school reading and writing. CALS refer to the set of learners’ school-relevant language resources that are of high utility to understanding analytical texts across content areas. After a brief review of the relations between mid-adolescents’ language and their school reading and writing proficiencies, I offer illustrative examples of individual differences in middle-schoolers’ analytical writing and CALS. I argue, on the basis of recent but extensive empirical evidence, that without understanding and addressing the immense variability in the language resources that students bring to school and the language demands of reading- and writing-to-learn tasks and texts, schools run the risk of maintaining and even exacerbating the inequalities that exist in the larger society.
Selective Targeting of Human and Animal Pathogens of the Helicobacter Genus by Flavodoxin Inhibitors: Efficacy, Synergy, Resistance and Mechanistic Studies

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria constitute a global health concern. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects about half of the human population and is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Increasing resistance to triple and quadruple H. pylori eradication therapies poses great challenges and urges the development of novel, ideally narrow spectrum, antimicrobials targeting H. pylori. Here, we describe the antimicrobial spectrum of a family of nitrobenzoxadiazol-based antimicrobials initially discovered as inhibitors of flavodoxin: an essential H. pylori protein. Two groups of inhibitors are described. One group is formed by narrow-spectrum compounds, highly specific for H. pylori, but ineffective against enterohepatic Helicobacter species and other Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. The second group includes extended-spectrum antimicrobials additionally targeting Gram-positive bacteria, the Gram-negative Campylobacter jejuni, and most Helicobacter species, but not affecting other Gram-negative pathogens. To identify the binding site of the inhibitors in the flavodoxin structure, several H. pylori-flavodoxin variants have been engineered and tested using isothermal titration calorimetry. An initial study of the inhibitors capacity to generate resistances and of their synergism with antimicrobials commonly used in H. pylori eradication therapies is described. The narrow-spectrum inhibitors, which are expected to affect the microbiota less dramatically than current antimicrobial drugs, offer an opportunity to develop new and specific H. pylori eradication combinations to deal with AMR in H. pylori. On the other hand, the extended-spectrum inhibitors constitute a new family of promising antimicrobials, with a potential use against AMR Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.