Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Management in Tunisia: Health Professional and Patients Perspectives

Background: Despite of the widening gap between the magnitude of chronic diseases and the health system response, little has been written on the patterns of diabetes care in Tunisia. Objective: To shed light into practice, experiences and interaction within diabetes care at different levels of care. Methods: The study took place during 2014 in health care facilities reflecting different levels of care (primary health care and hospital). A three level approach was adopted: a level of conceptualization (by analysis of policy and strategy documents), a level of perception (by interviewing health care providers and patients) and a level of practice (by conducting fieldwork). Results: Despite of the attempt for strategic redeployment of the first line engaged decades ago, with the process of integrating national diabetes and hypertension programs in all primary health care facilities in the country, diabetes care was seen as not responding to quality standards in studied health facilities. Poor communication and overloaded clinics in hospital were major sources of providers and patient dissatisfaction. Moreover, treatments shortage and lack of laboratory assessments were specifically pointed in primary health care settings, facts that potentially lower its attractiveness. Conclusion: This is the first study conducted in Tunisia after 2011 appraisal that brought a crossed analysis of different actors (patients and health care providers) in different contexts of diabetes care. Results were in connection with previous studies. The general conclusion was the swamping of our health system, with a sclerotic inflexible first line that still struggle to deal with chronic diseases.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop in South, South-East and East Asia. Rice supplies 20% and 31% of the total calories required by world and Indian population, respectively. It is estimated that rice requirement of India by 2020 will be 118.93 MT (Sahane et al., 2013). Imbalanced nutrient management under intensive cropping system and decreased soil organic matter are the key factors responsible for decline in soil quality parameters (Kang et al., 2005) such as deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological health of soils, and declined factor productivity, due to much higher annual removal of nutrients by crops and cropping systems than the amount added through fertilizers and resulted negative nutrient balance. In recent past, Indian farmers showed tendency to apply more nitrogenous fertilizers to maximize rice yield. High nitrogen application without appropriate balance with International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-7 pp. 3671-3681 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
C-reactive Protein as a Morbidity Predictor in Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is an important health problem worldwide. Various studies proved that C-reactive protein (CRP) at admission was found to be a predictor of functional disability in ischemic CVA. Inflammation also regulates the production of the acute phase proteins such as CRP, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A. CRP is one of the substances, present in the atherosclerotic lesion, more specifically in the vascular intima. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of CRP as a morbidity predictor in acute ischemic stroke, to study the CRP level pattern in ischemic stroke and to study the correlation between severity level of stroke and CRP level. Materials and Methods: The study of CRP in ischemic stroke was carried out in the medical wards of Department of Medicine, Tirunelveli Medical College. We examined the association between the level of CRP at different stages after stroke and outcome. Results: Among patient with positive CRP, 13 were male and eight were female CRP level status positive in 21 patients. There is no association between age of patient and CRP and age factor does not influence the group pattern. Severe disability is more in CRP positive compared to CRP negative group. Conclusion: CRP is increased in a significant fraction of ischemic stroke. Patients with increased CRP had invariably more deficit during admission and patients with low CRP had good prognostic outcome 4 weeks after onset of stroke.
Anatomical Variations of Foramen ovale

The Foramen Ovale is found at the posterior part of the greater wing of sphenoid, it is one of the larger holes present in the Skull, through which many nerves pass. The foramen ovale has important clinical significance in neurological procedures.To locate and identify the various osseous structures and different shapes of foramen Ovale in across different skulls.To obtain dry skulls of unknown sex from the Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals and observe the presence of the accessory bony structures such as Tubercles,spine and bony plates and the variants in the shape of foramen ovale.To collect data about the prevalence of these projections and variants in the shape of the foramen ovale . Anatomical knowledge of the variations of foramen ovale is important for neurosurgeons.
Socioeconomic Variables Associated with Level of Obesity and Prevalence of Other Diseases Among Children and Adolescents of Some Affluent Families of Bangladesh

Child overweight and obesity are the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century worldwide , specially, in low and middle-income countries. It affects mostly the urban people [1,2]. The obesity for child and adolescents is measured by body mass index [BMI = weight in kg / (height in meter2] , where children having BMI above the 85th percentile are considered as overweight and those who have BMI above the 95th percentile are considered as obese [3]. The level of obesity is increasing at alarming rate. In a global study in 2016 it was estimated that over 41 million [1] children under the age 5 years were overweight. The prevalence of overweight in adolescents is defined by BMI + standard deviation of BMI and obesity for them is decided by BMI + 2 standard deviation [1]. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. Child obesity can lead to life threating conditions including diabetes, heart disease, sleep problems, cancer, liver disease, early puberty, eating disorders, skin infection, asthma and other respiratory problems [4]. The adolescent’s obesity leads to the problem of hepatitis, sleep aponia, and increased intercranial pressure [5].
Prevention of intrauterine contraceptive device expulsion and intolerance: Determination of the anchor mechanism

Objective: The intrauterine device (IUD) is an important long-acting reversible contraceptive method (LARC) which plays a major role in contraception. Expulsion and intolerance because of pain and/or bleeding are two factors which limit more widespread use. IUDs have to form some type of ‘anchor’, which must be well tolerated in order not to be expelled and not cause problems as might any other intrauterine object. We considered how an IUD might behave in comparison to a physiological or pathological intra-uterine body. Methods: We reviewed historical and present day IUDs on a three point rating scale of i) flexibility ii) horizontal to vertical ratio and iii) percentage increase in size of the IUD over mean cavity measurements to determine an Anchor Index(AI) to separate the types of anchor methods the various devices employ. Results: The AI generally varied from 3-7 in multiparous women signifying a marginally ‘physiological’ fit. The AI was mainly above 5 for most IUDs in nulliparous women indicating a largely nonphysiological (‘pathological’ type) fit. Conclusions: The structure, composition and design of most IUDs are still not optimal for the nulliparous and occasionally the multiparous endometrial cavity. IUD design should be such that they appear to the endometrial cavity to be a physiological rather than a pathological incumbent. Correspondence to: Dr. N Goldstuck, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa, Tel: +27-21-555-1756, +27823418200; E-mail: nahumzh@gmail.com
THE EFFECTS OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS FRUITS ON ALP, AST AND ALT OF DIABETIC ALBINO RATS

The effects of A. esculentus fruits on Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) activities on diabetic albino rats were investigated. The animals were grouped into four (4): A, B, C and D. Group C and D were subdivided into three group each. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan 75mg/kg body weight. The extracts were administered via oral intubation to C and D groups and varying concentrations of 200, 400 and 800mg/kg body weight of the extracts respectively was given to each subgroup for a period of 2 weeks. Physical activities, food and fluid intake, and body weight increased after administration of the extracts. These parameters; serum glucose levels, and activities of enzymes viz ALP, AST and ALT decreased significantly (P<0.05) after administration of the extracts. These elevations and reductions were found to be dose dependent. The results support the therapeutic use of A. esculentus as antidiabetic plant and are non – toxic to Liver enzymes.
Protective Effects of Rutin and Hesperidin against Doxorubicin-Induced Lipodystrophy and Cardiotoxicity in Albino Rats

Doxorubicin, is widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of rutin and hesperidin on doxorubicin – induced lipodystrophy and cardiotoxicity in albino rats. Doxorubicin (DXR) – administered rats (25 mg/ kg; three times interaperitoneally/ week for two weeks) were pretreated with rutin and/or hesperidin (50 mg/ kg body weight) three times per week for three weeks and DXR 25mg/kg b.wt three times per week (at the last two weeks of the experiment). Results showed that DXR caused a marked rise in serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, creatine kinas and lactate dehydrogenase (HDL, LDL, CK, LDH) as well as aspartate aminotransferase; AST. Pretreatment of these animals with rutin and/or hesperidin successfully prevent most of these biochemical alterations; the pretreatment with both rutin and hesperidin seemed to be the most potent. Concerning oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system, the depleted cardiac glutathione content of DXR administered rats was potentially increased above normal levels as a result of pretreatment of rutin and/or hesperidin. The elevated lipid peroxidation of DXR-administered rats, was remarkably decrease lipid peroxidation as a result of pre-treatment with rutin and/or hesperidin. It can be concluded that the natural plant components (rutin and hesperidin) could protect the heart against DXR-induced cardiotoxicity and lipodystrophy. However, further clinical studies are required to assess the safety and benefits of rutin and hesperidin in human beings. [Walaa G. Hozayen and Howida S. Abou Seif Protective Effects of Rutin and Hesperidin against Doxorubicin-Induced Lipodystrophy and Cardiotoxicity in Albino Rats] Journal of American Science 2011; 7(12):765-775]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
Prevalence of Aspirin Resistance in Patients with Ischemic Stroke at a Tertiary Care Center in North India

Background: Ischemic strokes are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality now days. Problem increases further if stroke is recurrent. Therefore alongside of acute stroke management, secondary prophylaxis is veryimportant. As for as drugs are concerned aspirin is the most common drug used for the secondary prophylaxis. Despite of these various measures there are recurrences in many patients. Many factors have been held responsiblefor causing such recurrences and aspirin resistance is one of them. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of aspirin resistance in patients with ischemic stroke. Material and Method: This study was conducted in the ischemic stroke patients admitted to the Department of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow over a period of One year. The study comprised of 76 consecutive patients of ischemic stroke admitted in our wards. All patients with ischemic stroke (acute/recurrent) received standard treatment with non-enteric coated Aspirin 150 mg per day (supervised) at least for 7 days after which study for platelet function to assess aspirin resistance was performed. Result: Prevalence of Aspirin resistance in our study was found to be 23.7% and this was more prevalent among elderly patients. Conclusion: Based on results of this study we concluded that aspirin resistance does exist. However in absence of any standard definition and gold standard tests exact prevalence and its role in stroke recurrence is still a matter of research. www.jmscr. igmpublication.org Impact Factor 3.79 ISSN (e)-2347-176x
Evaluation of the Symptoms and Pattern of Impaction of Mandibular Third Molars among undergraduate dental Students from the University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST), Sudan

The impaction of the lower third molar; is one of the most common impacted tooth in human dentition, it is associated with a variety of symptoms, that have an adverse effect on the health of the student. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms and pattern of impaction of third molars teeth, among undergraduate dental students. A prospective cross sectional study among a 50 undergraduate dental student selected randomly from the a total number of 229 student, during the period of October 2015 to February 2016, data were collected by an Ortho Panorama view, which was taken for each student and a questionnaire containing questions about the symptoms and treatment done of impacted lower third molar. Comparison between variable by ChSquire Test with the level of significant set at P value ≤0.05. The commonest age group among studied population was 19-20 year, no gender predilection was found in relation to the symptoms or the pattern of impaction, but extraction of lower third molar was more among males than females. Mesioangular impaction was commonest (49%) followed by horizontal then vertical. Symptoms associated with impacted third molar were more among those who didn’t remove the tooth, The most common symptoms was pain followed by headache and limited mouth opening. Analgesics were commonly used for relieving symptoms, with statistical significance difference between visiting the dentist to relive the symptoms and the use of analgesics. Based on the results of this study it was concluded that the most common pattern of impaction was mesioangular, all impacted third molars were associated with symptoms, use of analgesic and visiting the dentist were the most relieving factors. Dental check-up and OPGs are recommended at admission stage for the university to avoid any future problems arise from the third molar teeth.
Multiscale Modeling of Collagen Fibril in Bone at Various Crosslink Densities: An Insight into Its Deformation Mechanisms

Multiscale modeling of collagen fibril is carried out by incorporating the material properties of collagen obtained from steered molecular dynamics into the finite element model of collagen fibril with inclusion of crosslinks. The results indicate that the nonbonded interactions between collagen and mineral contribute to the significant enhancement of the elastic modulus of collagen fibril at all the crosslink densities in both the low strain and high strain regimes. The crosslinks are found to play an important role in the mechanical response of collagen fibril, the enhancement in elastic modulus ranging from 5-11% for various crosslink densities compared to the collagen fibril with no crosslinks. Further, two different mechanisms of fibril deformation are described based on the characteristic length of collagen fibril. The deformation mechanism is governed by the pullout between the ends of collagen molecules in the overlap zone, following the breaking of crosslinks, if the effective length is greater than the characteristic length. However, if the effective length is less than the characteristic length the deformation mechanism is influenced by the shearing between the staggered collagen molecules which are adjacent to each other.
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND IMMUNITY OF Β- THALASSAEMIA PATIENTS, A CLINICAL STUDY

INTRODUCTION Thalassaemia are a group of disorders, recessively autosomal inherited, characterized by absence or reduced synthesis of α or β polypeptide chains that constitutes the normal adult hemoglobin molecule leading to decreased hemoglobin in red cells and chronic anemia. [1] Affected patients might be complicated by many sequelae such as heart failure, infections and hepatic diseases, which are consequently associated with a higher mortality rate. [2]
Comparison of the Hypophosphatasemic Effects of Erythropoietin and U-74389G on Acid Phosphatase Levels

Aim: This study calculated the effects on acid phosphatase (ACP) levels, after treatment with either of 2 drugs: the erythropoietin (Epo) and the antioxidant lazaroid (L) drug U-74389G. The calculation was based on the results of 2 preliminary studies, each one of which estimated the certain influence, after the respective drug usage in an induced ischemia reperfusion (IR) animal experiment. Materials and Methods: The 2 main experimental endpoints at which the serum ACP levels (ACPl) were evaluated was the 60th reperfusion min (for the groups A, C and E) and the 120th reperfusion min (for the groups B, D and F). Specially, the groups A and B were processed without drugs, groups C and D after Epo administration; whereas groups E and F after the L administration. Results: The first preliminary study of Epo presented a non-significant hypophosphatasemic effect by 9.29%+6.36% (p-value=0.1396). The second preliminary study of U-74389G presented a significant hypophosphatasemic effect by 74.46%+9.63% (p-value=0.0000). These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the coevaluation was that L is 8.011334-fold [7.996741 8.025953] more hypophosphatasemic than Epo (p-value=0.0000). Conclusion: The anti-oxidant capacities of U-74389G ascribe 8.011334-fold more hypophosphatasemic effects than Epo (p-value=0.0000).
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Acquired Urinary and Genital Tract Infections

Results: One hundred and one (51.3%) and 31 (43.7%) revealed positive growth for urine and HVS respectively. The rate of urinary tract Infection (UTI) was significantly higher than genital tract infection (P<0.001). Escherichia coli revealed the highest prevalence 38 (37.6%) in urinary tract, while Staphylococcus aureus was the highest isolates in genital tract 8(25.8%). S. aureus and coliforms showed the next highest rates 16(15.8%) and 15(14.9%) respectively followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 14(13.9%) for urine samples. Other bacterial species include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus feacialis, Proteus mirabilis and Bateriodes were isolated with various prevalence rate. The prevalence of Candida albicans for HVS and urine was 10(32.3%) and 6(5.9%) respectively while Lactobacillus spp. was solely isolated from HVS. Meropenem and imipenim showed 100.0% for urine isolates followed by levoloxacin 97.9%, 99.3%. They were the most active antibiotics, followed by tobramycin (95.5%,92.2%), cefoxitin (89.5%,94.1%) and ciprofloxacin (89.5%,86.2%). No statistical significant variation in drug susceptibility between isolate from urine and HVS. The percentage of multidrug resistance was 61.1% and (57.1%) for urine and HVS isolates respectively. The rate of multidrug resistance was higher than 50.0% for both urine and HVS samples.
A Review of the Evaluation and Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis

Lateral Epicondylitis, or more commonly called “tennis elbow,” is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain upon extension and contraction of the fingers, wrist, and elbow. Such elbow pain can oftentimes be debilitating, as patients find themselves unable to work, enjoy their hobbies, or perform simple household tasks [1]. Thus, proper diagnosis and treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis is crucial for returning afflicted patients to a standard quality of life.
Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of Acacia senegal root heartwood

The column chromatographic separation of the pet. ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate solubles of the ethanolic extract of the root heartwood of Acacia senegal, Mimosaceae led to the isolation of four waxy components (1-4), three steroids (7, 8, 11), three triterpenoids (5, 6, 9), a new quinic acid diester (10), and a cyclohexitol (12). Compound eicosanyl 3-O-feruloylquinate (10) has been isolated from the nature for the first time while 3α-hydroxyeuph-25-ene (5) and α-amyrin (6) have been isolated for the first time from this plant. Their structures were unambiguously determined by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by mass spectrometry and by comparison with literature data. The ethanolic extract and all the solubles were screened for antimicrobial activity. The ethanolic extract exhibited moderate activity against the selected bacteria. However, the dichloromethane solubles exhibited significant activity against E. coli (ATCC 25922) and S. aureus (MTCC 740) (AI = 0.96). Moreover, the ethanolic extract and the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate solubles showed antifungal action against C. albicans (ATCC 4718) (AI ̃ 0.6). This is the first report of phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of A. senegal root heartwood.
Relationships between Traits of Wheat Using Multivariate Analysis

Drought is one of the main confining factors for production of crops such as wheat in the world. Current study aims at investigating relationship between morpho-phonological traits and yield using multivariate statistical method of factor analysis under drought stress in 18 phenotypes of bread wheat. Factor analysis based on extraction of latent roots through principal components analysis of seven factors was included in the model. Results showed these factors overall justify 87.7% of variation in traits. Two first factors justified total variation of traits as 17% and 16%, respectively and they were entitled as yield and yield components factor and maturity factor. Results obtained from studying factor coefficients indicate importance of traits affecting yield and traits related to early maturity in selection of optimal genotypes for drought conditions. Thus, these two factors can be used as criteria for selection in wheat breeding programs under drought conditions.
Robust MIMO Radar Waveform Optimization to Improve the Worst-Case Detection Performance

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar waveform optimization is often sensitive to estimation errors and uncertainty in the initial parameters estimates (i.e., some prior information on the target of interest and scenario). Focusing on this issue, the robust waveform design, which attempts to systematically alleviate this sensitivity by explicitly incorporating a parameter uncertainty model in the optimization problem, is considered to improve the worst-case detection performance over a convex uncertainty model in this paper. To solve the complicated nonlinear robust optimization problem, an iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the waveform covariance matrix (WCM) for maximizing the worst-case output signalinterference-noise-ratio (SINR). In the proposed algorithm, each iteration step can be reformulated as a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem, which can be solved very efficiently. Numerical results show that, compared to those of the non-robust method and uncorrelated waveforms, the worst-case detection performance can be improved considerably by the proposed method. KeywordsMulti-input multi-output (MIMO) radar, robust waveform design, target detection, semidefinite programming (SDP)