Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Perspectives of Interferon-alpha2 and Inflammation in Treating Philadelphia-negative Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

In recent years, the use of recombinant interferon-alpha (rIFNα) as the initial treatment of the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis, has been increasing. In a subset of patients, treatment with rIFNα for approximately 5 years may result in minimal residual disease (MRD) characterized by hematologic remission, a low JAK2V617F allele burden, and normal bone marrow morphology. The important role of chronic inflammation as the driving force for clonal evolution and disease progression and the impact of chronic inflammation upon symptom burden have been substantiated. Here, we highlight timely research questions regarding the use of rIFNα in the future MPN landscape and underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with it to achieve MRD. Based upon the highly encouraging results from combination therapy of stem cell-targeted therapy with rIFNα and the potent anti-inflammatory drug, ruxolitinib, we also place in perspective studies of combinations with older, inexpensive agents (eg, statins, N-acetylcysteine, and colchicine), which have well-established anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic capabilities. Mathematical modeling studies have substantiated the concept that chronic inflammation is a trigger and driver of MPN development, and stress the importance of initiating rIFNα treatment as early as possible. Studies of the impact of rIFNα in individuals carrying the JAK2V617F or the CALR mutation as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) are urgently needed to determine whether rIFNα treatment at this early CHIP stage may eradicate the malignant clone. We foresee a bright future for patients with an MPN, in whom early intervention with stem cell-targeted therapy, rIFNα, alone or in combination with drugs targeting the chronic inflammatory state, may allow many to achieve MRD, thus becoming candidates for clinical trials employing vaccines leading to the possibility of cure.
Beyond personal factors: Multilevel determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia

Background Stunting is still a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Previous studies have reported the complexities associated with understanding the determinants of stunting. This study aimed to examine the household-, subdistrict- and province-level determinants of stunting in Indonesia using a multilevel hierarchical mixed effects model. Methods We analyzed data for 8045 children taken from the 2007 and 2014 waves of the Indonesian Family and Life Surveys (IFLS). We included individual-, family-/household- and community-level variables in the analyses. A multilevel mixed effects model was employed to take into account the hierarchical structure of the data. Moreover, the model captured the effect of unobserved household-, subdistrict- and province-level characteristics on the probability of children being stunted. Results Our findings showed that the odds of childhood stunting vary significantly not only by individual child- and household-level characteristics but also by province- and subdistrict-level characteristics. Among the child-level covariates included in our model, dietary habits, neonatal weight, a history of infection, and sex significantly affected the risk of stunting. Household wealth status and parental education are significant household-level covariates associated with a higher risk of stunting. Finally, the risk of stunting is higher for children living in communities without access to water, sanitation and hygiene. Conclusions Stunting is associated with not only child-level characteristics but also family- and community-level characteristics. Hence, interventions to reduce stunting should also take into account family and community characteristics to achieve effective outcomes.
Where Global and Virtual Meet: The Value of Examining the Intersection of These Elements in Twenty-First-Century Teams

We review prior research that has examined virtuality in teams (e.g., pertaining to the use of electronic media) or the global nature of teams (e.g., national and cultural differences), demonstrating that very few scholars have examined both simultaneously. Given that the global and virtual elements often coincide in the same team, this is a critical gap in research, particularly because these two features may interact in important ways, amplifying or mitigating the effects of each other. After elaborating on potential interactions, we set forth future research directions, which incorporate both global and virtual elements of teams and in doing so, better address the complexity of working in these increasingly common collaborative forms.
Person Perception, Meet People Perception: Exploring the Social Vision of Groups

Groups, teams, and collectives—people—are incredibly important to human behavior. People live in families, work in teams, and celebrate and mourn together in groups. Despite the huge variety of human group activity and its fundamental importance to human life, social-psychological research on person perception has overwhelmingly focused on its namesake, the person, rather than expanding to consider people perception. By looking to two unexpected partners, the vision sciences and organization behavior, we find emerging work that presents a path forward, building a foundation for understanding how people perceive other people. And yet this nascent field is missing critical insights that scholars of social vision might offer: specifically, for example, the chance to connect perception to behavior through the mediators of cognition and motivational processes. Here, we review emerging work across the vision and social sciences to extract core principles of people perception: efficiency, capacity, and complexity. We then consider complexity in more detail, focusing on how people perception modifies person-perception processes and enables the perception of group emergent properties as well as group dynamics. Finally, we use these principles to discuss findings and outline areas fruitful for future work. We hope that fellow scholars take up this people-perception call.
Diagnostic Utility of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient for Common Orbital Lesions: A Review

Purpose: To review and summarize the existing literature surrounding the clinical use of diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as diagnostic tools in differentiating common orbital lesions. Methods: A systematic literature review on the use of ADC and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences for orbital imaging was performed. Only original research articles that reported ADC values for benign or malignant lesions were included. Results: Malignant orbital tumors have an overall lower mean ADC value than benign masses. Orbital lymphoma is characterized by consistently lower ADC values compared with other malignant orbital masses; a threshold value less than 0.775 × 10−3 mm2/s has been proposed to distinguish orbital lymphoma from other neoplastic and non-neoplastic orbital masses. To differentiate orbital inflammatory disease from lymphoma, an ADC threshold greater than 0.92 × 10−3 mm2/s has been proposed. Conclusions: Orbital masses encompass a host of benign and malignant etiologies and can present a diagnostic challenge on both clinical and radiological assessment. Recent advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC can improve the diagnostic specificity for orbital disease, particularly in differentiating benign from malignant lesions and lymphoma from orbital inflammatory disease. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient are advanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences that have a role in characterizing common orbital lesions, including differentiating benign from malignant tumors and lymphoma from orbital inflammatory disease.
Comparisons of Countermovement Jump Force-Time Characteristics Among National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American Football Athletes: Use of Principal Component Analysis

Abstract Merrigan, JJ, Rentz, LE, Hornsby, WG, Wagle, JP, Stone, JD, Smith, HT, Galster, SM, Joseph, M, and Hagen, JA. Comparisons of countermovement jump force-time characteristics among NCAA Division I American football athletes: use of principal component analysis. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 411–419, 2022—This study aimed to reduce the dimensionality of countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time characteristics and evaluate differences among positional groups (skills, hybrid, linemen, and specialists) within National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) division I American football. Eighty-two football athletes performed 2 maximal effort, no arm-swing, CMJs on force plates. The average absolute and relative (e.g., power/body mass) metrics were analyzed using analysis of variance and principal component analysis procedures (p < 0.05). Linemen had the heaviest body mass and produced greater absolute forces than hybrid and skills but had lower propulsive abilities demonstrated by longer propulsive phase durations and greater eccentric to concentric mean force ratios. Skills and hybrid produced the most relative concentric and eccentric forces and power, as well as modified reactive strength indexes (RSIMOD). Skills (46.7 ± 4.6 cm) achieved the highest jump height compared with hybrid (42.8 ± 5.5 cm), specialists (38.7 ± 4.0 cm), and linemen (34.1 ± 5.3 cm). Four principal components explained 89.5% of the variance in force-time metrics. Dimensions were described as the (a) explosive transferability to concentric power (RSIMOD, concentric power, and eccentric to concentric forces) (b) powerful eccentric loading (eccentric power and velocity), (c) countermovement strategy (depth and duration), and (d) jump height and power. The many positional differences in CMJ force-time characteristics may inform strength and conditioning program designs tailored to each position and identify important explanatory metrics to routinely monitor by position. The overwhelming number of force-time metrics to select from may be reduced using principal component analysis methods, although practitioners should still consider the various metric's applicability and reliability.
A Critical Review on Biomedical Waste and Effect of Mismanagement

Biomedical waste is identified under many terminologies like hospital waste, healthcare waste etc., which are generated due to long or short term care of persons. Various health care establishments are the minor and major source of these types of wastes. Biomedical waste may be primarily classified as Hazardous and Non Hazardous wastes. Further, the biomedical waste is categorized by WHO and also under The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, India. According to previous studies the quantum of waste generated in a health care establishment depends on the Income of the country, type of Hospital, Region etc. Biomedical wastes are highly infectious and can be a potential source for transmission of diseases if not properly managed. Hence, a proper management procedure has to be adopted to safely dispose the wastes to safe guard the public health and Environment and a stringent regulation have to be imposed on the health care establishments before and after it is approved for execution. Further, the hospital staffs are at high risk of being infected by these biomedical wastes, therefore, the occupational health and safety can be recommended to be a component of biomedical management plans with qualified personnel in Hospitals. Keywords— Biomedical; Hospital; Healthcare; Waste;
Extramammary Paget's Disease of genitourinary origin

Purpose of review Extramammary Paget's Disease (EMPD) is an uncommon intra-epithelial malignancy, affecting primarily apocrine gland-bearing skin. EMPD is often considered an orphan diagnosis given its rarity. This review provides a contemporary overview of EMPD management. Recent findings The mainstay of EMPD treatment centers around a high index of suspicion to allow for an early and accurate diagnosis, wide local or Mohs micrographic surgical excision with care paid toward the margin status, and thoughtful consideration for lymphadenectomy in patients with clinically positive regional disease. There is currently no consensus regarding adjuvant therapies or systemic therapies although with ongoing improvements in tumor biology and genomics, including molecular pathways and alterations specific to EMPD, targeted or combinatorial therapies may be on the horizon. Summary Clinicians caring for patients with EMPD should seek consultation from or if feasible, consider referral to high-volume, experienced centers with patients counseled and provided with frequent and close follow-up for disease recurrence or progression. Collaboration with groups such as the Global Society for Rare Genitourinary Tumors, and especially patient groups will be vital to designing trials and collaborative databases.
Filter Pruning via Learned Representation Median in the Frequency Domain

In this article, we propose a novel filter pruning method for deep learning networks by calculating the learned representation median (RM) in frequency domain (LRMF). In contrast to the existing filter pruning methods that remove relatively unimportant filters in the spatial domain, our newly proposed approach emphasizes the removal of absolutely unimportant filters in the frequency domain. Through extensive experiments, we observed that the criterion for “relative unimportance” cannot be generalized well and that the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain can eliminate redundancy and emphasize low-frequency representation, which is consistent with the human visual system. Based on these important observations, our LRMF calculates the learned RM in the frequency domain and removes its corresponding filter, since it is absolutely unimportant at each layer. Thanks to this, the time-consuming fine-tuning process is not required in LRMF. The results show that LRMF outperforms state-of-the-art pruning methods. For example, with ResNet110 on CIFAR-10, it achieves a 52.3% FLOPs reduction with an improvement of 0.04% in Top-1 accuracy. With VGG16 on CIFAR-100, it reduces FLOPs by 35.9% while increasing accuracy by 0.5%. On ImageNet, ResNet18 and ResNet50 are accelerated by 53.3% and 52.7% with only 1.76% and 0.8% accuracy loss, respectively. The code is based on PyTorch and is available at https://github.com/zhangxin-xd/LRMF.
Microstructural Periventricular White Matter Injury in Post-hemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation

Background and Objectives The neurologic deficits of neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) have been linked to periventricular white matter injury. To improve understanding of PHH-related injury, diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) was applied in neonates, modeling axonal and myelin integrity, fiber density, and extrafiber pathologies. Objectives included characterizing DBSI measures in periventricular tracts, associating measures with ventricular size, and examining MRI findings in the context of postmortem white matter histology from similar cases. Methods A prospective cohort of infants born very preterm underwent term equivalent MRI, including infants with PHH, high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage without hydrocephalus (IVH), and controls (very preterm [VPT]). DBSI metrics extracted from the corpus callosum, corticospinal tracts, and optic radiations included fiber axial diffusivity, fiber radial diffusivity, fiber fractional anisotropy, fiber fraction (fiber density), restricted fractions (cellular infiltration), and nonrestricted fractions (vasogenic edema). Measures were compared across groups and correlated with ventricular size. Corpus callosum postmortem immunohistochemistry in infants with and without PHH assessed intra- and extrafiber pathologies. Results Ninety-five infants born very preterm were assessed (68 VPT, 15 IVH, 12 PHH). Infants with PHH had the most severe white matter abnormalities and there were no consistent differences in measures between IVH and VPT groups. Key tract-specific white matter injury patterns in PHH included reduced fiber fraction in the setting of axonal or myelin injury, increased cellular infiltration, vasogenic edema, and inflammation. Specifically, measures of axonal injury were highest in the corpus callosum; both axonal and myelin injury were observed in the corticospinal tracts; and axonal and myelin integrity were preserved in the setting of increased extrafiber cellular infiltration and edema in the optic radiations. Increasing ventricular size correlated with worse DBSI metrics across groups. On histology, infants with PHH had high cellularity, variable cytoplasmic vacuolation, and low synaptophysin marker intensity. Discussion PHH was associated with diffuse white matter injury, including tract-specific patterns of axonal and myelin injury, fiber loss, cellular infiltration, and inflammation. Larger ventricular size was associated with greater disruption. Postmortem immunohistochemistry confirmed MRI findings. These results demonstrate DBSI provides an innovative approach extending beyond conventional diffusion MRI for investigating neuropathologic effects of PHH on neonatal brain development.
ALM Fluid Therapy Shifts Sympathetic Hyperactivity to Parasympathetic Dominance in the Rat Model of Non-Compressible Hemorrhagic Shock

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text ABSTRACT Excessive sympathetic outflow following trauma can lead to cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, coagulopathy, and poor outcomes. We previously reported that buprenorphine analgesia decreased survival after hemorrhagic trauma. Our aim is to examine the underlying mechanisms of mortality in a non-compressible hemorrhage rat model resuscitated with saline or adenosine, lidocaine, magnesium (ALM). Anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to Saline control group or ALM therapy group (both n = 10). Hemorrhage was induced by 50% liver resection. After 15 min, 0.7 mL/kg 3% NaCl ± ALM intravenous bolus was administered, and after 60 min, 0.9% NaCl ± ALM was infused for 4 h (0.5 mL/kg/h) with 72 h monitoring. Animals received 6–12-hourly buprenorphine for analgesia. Hemodynamics, heart rate variability, echocardiography, and adiponectin were measured. Cardiac tissue was analyzed for adrenergic/cholinergic receptor expression, inflammation, and histopathology. Four ALM animals and one Saline control survived to 72 h. Mortality was associated with up to 97% decreases in adrenergic (β-1, α-1A) and cholinergic (M2) receptor expression, cardiac inflammation, myocyte Ca2+ loading, and histopathology, indicating heart ischemia/failure. ALM survivors had higher cardiac output and stroke volume, a 30-fold increase in parasympathetic/sympathetic receptor expression ratio, and higher circulating adiponectin compared to Saline controls. Paradoxically, Saline cardiac adiponectin hormone levels were higher than ALM, with no change in receptor expression, indicating intra-cardiac synthesis. Mortality appears to be a “systems failure” associated with CNS dysregulation of cardiac function. Survival involves an increased parasympathetic dominance to support cardiac pump function with reduced myocardial inflammation. Increased cardiac α-1A adrenergic receptor in ALM survivors may be significant, as this receptor is highly protective during heart dysfunction/failure.
Association Between Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Impaired Left Atrial Phasic Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Evaluation by Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking

The majority of heart failure (HF) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) manifests as a phenotype with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction; however, the exact contribution of left atrial (LA) phasic function to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in HCM remains unresolved.
A Single Institution’s Experience With Robotic Minor and Major Hepatectomy

Background Minimally invasive liver resection is gradually becoming the preferred technique to treat liver tumors due its salutary benefits when compared with traditional “open” method. While robotic technology improves surgeon dexterity to better perform complex operations, outcomes of robotic hepatectomy have not been adequately studied. We therefore describe our institutional experience with robotic minor and major hepatectomy. Materials and Methods We prospectively study all patients undergoing robotic hepatectomy from 2016 to 2020. Results A total of 220 patients underwent robotic hepatectomy. 138 (63%) were major hepatectomies while 82 (37%) were minor hepatectomies. Median age was 63 (62 ± 13) years, 118 (54%) were female. 168 patients had neoplastic disease and 52 patients had benign disease. Lesion size in patients who had undergone minor hepatectomy was 2 (3 ± 2.5) cm, compared to 5 (5 ± 3.0) cm in patients who undergone major hepatectomy (P < .001). 97% of patients underwent R0 resections while none of the patients had R2 resection. Operative duration was 226 (260 ± 122.7) vs 282 (299 ± 118.7) minutes (P ≤ .05); estimated blood loss was 100 (163 ± 259.2) vs 200 (251 ± 246.7) mL (P ≤ .05) for minor and major hepatectomy, respectively. One patient had intraoperative bleeding requiring “open” conversion. Nine (4%) patients had experienced notable postoperative complications and 2 (1%) patients died postoperatively. Length of stay was 3 (5 ± 4.6) vs 4 (5 ± 2.8) days for minor vs major hepatectomy (P = .84). Reoperation and readmission rate for minor vs major hepatectomy was 1% vs 3% (P = .65) and 9% vs 10% (P = .81), respectively. Discussion Robotic major hepatectomy is safe, feasible, and efficacious with excellent postoperative outcomes.
Switching people who smoke to unfiltered cigarettes: perceptions, addiction and behavioural effects in a cross-over randomised controlled trial

Background Behavioural research is needed to inform a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes that could reduce plastic waste due to discarded filters. This study reports on differences in perceptions, nicotine dependence and behaviour among participants in a cross-over randomised trial of filtered compared with unfiltered cigarettes. Method This proof-of-concept study involved 43 people who smoke filtered cigarettes (41.9% women, mean age 36.7 years). Participants were provided 2 weeks’ supply of filtered cigarettes, 2 weeks of the same brand of unfiltered cigarettes and randomly assigned to starting conditions. Measures included the Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire; single-item cigarette perception questions; Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence; 7-day cigarette consumption, urinary cotinine and intention to quit. Analyses included linear and ordinal repeated measures mixed-effects models and paired t-tests. Results Filtered cigarettes were perceived as better tasting, more satisfying, more enjoyable, less aversive, less harsh, less potent and less negatively reinforcing than unfiltered cigarettes. Filtered cigarettes were smoked at a higher rate during the trial than unfiltered cigarettes (p<0.05). There was no difference in cotinine, dependence or intention to quit between filtered versus unfiltered cigarette conditions (p>0.05). Conclusion People who smoke perceived unfiltered cigarettes as having greater nicotine effects and less desirable sensory effects than filtered cigarettes, and they smoked fewer of these during the trial. Although cotinine, dependence and intention to quit were similar for smoking unfiltered and filtered cigarettes in this small trial, results suggest that banning the sale of filtered cigarettes might make smoking less attractive overall to people who smoke. Trial registration number NCT03749876.