Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the Western world. Because breast cancer is estrogen-dependent, reducing estrogen secretion by oophorectomy, hypophysectomy, or adrenalectomy can cause the cancer to regress. The need for these surgical procedures was reduced by the introduction of tamoxifen, which acts as an antiestrogen by inhibiting the binding of estrogen to estrogen receptors. Tamoxifen was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1977 for the treatment of women with advanced breast cancer and several years later for adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer.1 Pharmacology and Endocrinology Pharmacologic and Pharmacokinetic Properties The compound administered .
The Language-specific Use of Fundamental Frequency Rise in Segmentation of an Artificial Language: Evidence from Listeners of Taiwanese Southern Min

Experience with native-language prosody encourages language-specific strategies for speech segmentation. Conflicting findings from previous research suggest that these strategies may not be abstracted away from the acoustic manifestation of prosodic features in the native speech. Using the artificial language learning paradigm, the current study explores this possibility in connection with listeners of a lexical tone language called Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM). In TSM, the only rising lexical tone occurs almost only on the final syllable of the language’s tone sandhi domain and is phonetically associated with final lengthening. Based on these observations, Experiment I examined what constituted a sufficient finality cue for use by TSM listeners to support segmentation: (a) final fundamental frequency (F0) rise only; or (b) final F0 rise conjoined with final lengthening. The results showed that segmentation was inhibited by the former cue but facilitated by the latter. Experiment II showed that the facilitation cannot be attributed entirely to final lengthening, as a null effect was found when final lengthening was the sole prosodic cue to segmentation. It is thus assumed that acoustic details as fine-grained as the lengthening of the rising tone are involved in the modulation of the segmentation strategy whereby TSM listeners perceive F0 rise as signaling finality. The inhibitory effect of final F0 rise alone found in Experiment I motivated Experiment III, which revealed that initial F0 rise in the absence of lengthening cues improved TSM listeners’ segmentation. It is speculated that such use of initial F0 rise might reflect a cross-linguistic segmentation solution.
Case Demonstration of Environmental Cuing and Brief Supervision Monitoring as Performance Management Interventions with Educational Care Providers

Abstract The present study evaluated two interventions to improve task completion-data recording by two classroom instructors at a school for children and youth with neurodevelopmental disorders. Compared to a baseline phase, intervention through environmental cuing (strategic task scheduling) was ineffective. The addition of brief supervision monitoring (task preview and review) increased task completion-data recording to high levels and the improved performance of the classroom instructors and was sustained one month following the study in the absence of intervention. Social validity assessment documented high approval of and satisfaction with brief supervision monitoring. We discuss these findings with reference to practical and efficient methods of performance management that can be implemented with care providers in educational services settings.
Repatriates’ Work Engagement: Proactive Behavior, Perceived Support, and Adjustment

This article examined the influence of academic repatriates’ proactive behavior, perceived organizational support, and coworker support on repatriation adjustment and work engagement. The study was conducted with a group of 102 (71 males, 31 females) Sri Lankan academic repatriates. Survey data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that repatriates’ proactive behaviors, perceived organizational, and coworker support had an important role to play in the prediction of repatriation adjustment. Further, results indicated the essential role of individuals, groups, and the organization on repatriation adjustment and work engagement of academic repatriates. By empirically investigating antecedents and consequences of repatriation adjustment of academic repatriates, this study broadens the context of repatriation research. Also, this study introduced adjustment as a predictor of work engagement and found it had more influence on engagement than the perceived support practices among academic repatriates.
Maladaptation of cardiac and skeletal muscle in chronic disease : effects of exercise

The human genome is adapted for daily physical activity (85). Thus, a sedentary lifestyle is capable of promoting detrimental consequences to human health. The linkage between lack of sufficient physical activity and the development of modern chronic disease began to evolve only in the second half of the 20 century. This relationship was initially documented in London where men, who were more sedentary at work or during leisure time, had higher rates of coronary heart disease (242; 243). A multitude of other published reports have since confirmed the health hazards of maintaining an inactive lifestyle (40; 329). In addition, modern chronic diseases attributed to physical inactivity now represent a major burden on direct health care costs in the United States which totaled 83.6 million dollars in 2000 (55; 102). The importance of physical activity has become more apparent and it is now recommended by the US Surgeon General that “every U.S. adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week” (264). Furthermore, physicians are also being recommended to prescribe regular
Ethical decision-making interrupted: Can cognitive tools improve decision-making following an interruption?

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of interruptions and the use of cognitive decision-making tools on ethical decision-making. Participants completed a structured cognitive tool, an unstructured decision-making technique, or no decision-making technique, and half of the participants were interrupted during the decision-making task, whereas half were allowed to complete the decision-making task without interruption. Results revealed that 1) participants who completed the structured cognitive tool (ACED-IT map) performed better on a number of markers of ethical decision-making, 2) interruptions reduced participants’ plan quality, and 3) participants who were interrupted, and who completed the structured cognitive tool exhibited perceptions that suggested that they felt better prepared to handle the ethical dilemma. These results could have important implications for professionals in jobs that experience frequent interruptions, particularly those in management positions.
Effectiveness of continuing professional development training of welfare professionals on outcomes for children and young people: A systematic review

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Relationship between Task Value and Academic Performance among Orphaned Secondary School Students in Kenya

The present study investigated the relationship between task value and academic performance among orphaned secondary school students in Kenya. The research was anchored on Person Centred Theory. The study adopted concurrent triangulation research design within the mixed method approach. The target population comprised 300 orphaned students and 35 principals. A total of 300 orphaned students in secondary schools and 11 principals were selected through saturated and simple random sampling strategies respectively to form the representative sample. Students’ questionnaires, document analysis and interview guide for the head teachers were the main data collection instruments. Validity of research instrument was ensured by the university lecturers’ and supervisors’ expert judgment. A reliability coefficient of 0.891 was reported. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression analysis) while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Study findings revealed a significant weak (small) positive relationship between task value and academic performance (r = .122) among orphaned secondary school students. Results from the interviews revealed that metacognitive skills, self-efficacy, time management, and task value are vital components of academic performances amongst orphan students in Bondo Sub-County. The study recommended that schools should equip orphans with lifelong survival skills to enable them develop proper meta-cognitive skills in the community following discharge from the learning institution.
Does work-family conflict weaken family travel intention?—a study based on China

Abstract The rapid growth of family travel shows enormous market potential for current and future tourism development. Based on cognitive dissonance theory, a multiple mediation-moderation examination process was applied to explore whether work-family conflicts could strength or weaken a family's intention to travel. According to data from 576 workers collected in China, the findings indicate that work-family conflict will lead to formulating family travel intention through a process using the critical mechanisms of personal internal factors (such as guilt, stress and family involvement). Additionally, traditional concepts (such as Confucian work values) and leisure-work conflicts are moderators that can accelerate decision-making in family travel. More importantly, this study highlights how the negative emotions of guilt and stress are necessary conditions for family travel intention in the context of work-family conflicts.
Interpersonal awe: Exploring the social domain of awe elicitors

ABSTRACT In most studies on awe, the stimuli used to elicit the emotion involves nature, music, space, or grand theories – but awe elicited by the actions of other people has generally not been studied in depth. In the few cases in which the social component of awe has been acknowledged, the focus has been on charismatic leaders. The current study explores this social aspect of awe by asking whether awe can be elicited in close interpersonal relationships and how this experience may be distinct from awe elicited by other stimuli. Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches in a mixed-methods study (N = 636), we found empirical support for the notion that awe is elicited in the context of close relationships. Awe was elicited by close others compared to a neutral control, although the interpersonal form of awe was less intense than awe caused by nature. Qualitative analyses revealed that awe triggered by nature was defined by themes of beauty, while interpersonal awe was defined by themes of virtue or excellence of character.
Text characteristics, perceived difficulty and task performance in
 sight translation

This paper reports on an exploratory study examining the relationship between text characteristics, perceived difficulty and task performance in sight translation (ST). Twenty-nine undergraduate interpreters were asked to sight-translate six texts with different properties. Correlation analysis shows that Sophisticated Word Type and Mean Length of a T-unit are, respectively, the lexical and the syntactic variables having the highest correlations with all the three dependent variables (i.e. perceived difficulty, accuracy and fluency in ST performance). Surprisingly, the discoursal variables are weakly or modestly correlated with the dependent variables. Thematic analysis of the students’ reflective essays points to two hypothesized causal links among the three Ps in ST: task properties may cause decoding difficulties and cognitive overload in the cognitive process, which in turn lead to inaccuracy and dysfluency in ST performance. The research findings lend empirical support to the “shallow-scan hypothesis” in previous research. Finally, this study proposes a three-tier conceptual framework to inform and guide future research to operationalize variables in ST empirical studies. The pedagogical implications of ST are also discussed.
The Influence of Risk Management on Organizational Efficiency: A Study of Access Bank Ghana Limited

The study investigates the influence of risk management on organizational efficiency. The research was done in Ghana, in particular Access Bank Ghana Ltd (UPSA Branch) as the case study. The objectives of the study were aimed at understanding of risk management, knowing the potency of risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, risk monitoring and controlling with it impact on organizational efficiency. Simple random sampling was used to select fifteen respondents. The research instruments majorly used included a set of questionnaires for respondents. The findings of the study multiple linear regression show that risk monitoring as an element of risk management was a positive relationship of 0.555(55.5%) and significant predictor with to organizational efficiency of (β=0.733, t (15) =3.398, p<0.050). The ANOVA test for the fitness of the model was also positive and significant and the study model was accepted. Correlation matrix was estimated using Pearson correlation to check the positive and strong association between risk identification, understanding of risk and risk monitoring. The findings established strong positive relationship between them. The study concluded that the bank assesses its risks by using quantitative and qualitative methods. The study recommended that a method for identifying, assessing, analyzing and measuring the key business risks in Access Bank Ghana Ltd be make available to all employees . Keywords: Risk management, Organizational efficiency DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-10-15 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
Building Readiness and Intention Towards STEM Fields of Study: Using HSLS:09 and SEM to Examine This Complex Process among High School Students

ABSTRACT Building on Social Cognitive Career Theory and Xueli Wang's conceptual model of STEM choice, this study advances and tests a model seeking to understand STEM readiness and intention to pursue STEM fields among a representative national sample of 9th grade students drawn from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. Structural equation model results suggest several contextual influences (e.g., personal characteristics) and social-cognitive variables (e.g., math and science self-efficacy) contributing to building STEM readiness and students’ intention to major in STEM during high school. In general, STEM readiness is impacted directly by SES, math ability, parental involvement, math self-efficacy, science self-efficacy, math interest, and science interest. Intention to major in STEM is directly impacted by STEM readiness, as well as high school students’ interest in math and interest in science. Overall, this study expands our knowledge of the process that leads high school students to become prepared for and aspire to pursue majors in STEM.
Enumerative there-clauses and there-clefts: specification and information structure

ABSTRACT This article develops a new account of enumerative there-clauses and enumerative there-clefts, which in the literature have tended to be reduced to purely pragmatic, informationally motivated constructions. They have also been treated as separate phenomena: Enumerative there-clauses have been argued to be part of the unitary existential construction, whose main function is to present hearer-new information. Enumerative there-clefts are viewed as focus-marking devices with semantically empty matrix. Against this, we analyse enumerative there-clauses as reduced enumerative there-clefts. We argue that they convey the same representational, or ideational, semantics. They are secondary specification constructions, which assert the existence of Values corresponding to the Variable, which is overtly coded in the cleft construction and implied in the reduced cleft. It is on the textual level that enumerative there-clauses and enumerative there-clefts contrast with each other. On the basis of quantified corpus study of spoken data, we show that the implied Variable is typically textually evoked in the preceding discourse, whereas the overt Variable typically contains new-anchored information.
Demographics of Students in Their Perspectives on Examination Cheating in Basic Education in Kenya

This study sought to find out in depth the demographics of students in their perspectives on examination cheating in Basic education in Kenya. The target population was 838 university freshmen of 2018/2019 academic year in a selected faith-based University in Kenya. The sample was 272 students. This study was guided by Kohlberg’s theory of moral development and Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. Descriptive survey research design was used. Questionnaires comprising both closed and open-ended questions were administered. Data was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that lack of preparedness and an excessive emphasis on grades are the main causes of cheating, while punishment is a critical deterrent to cheating in examinations. The study recommends that schools should ensure that students are adequately prepared for examinations; emphasize mastery of content as opposed to grades; and subject examination offenders to more severe punishment.
Childhood Vaccine Perceptions and Practices Among Naturopathic Physicians

Purpose: Parental decisions to vaccinate their children may be impacted by the advice of health care providers practicing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Available literature suggests an association between vaccine delay or refusal and CAM use, decreased vaccination status of naturopathic patients, and increased vaccine hesitancy among naturopathic students. Some naturopathic physicians state that their approach towards discussions about childhood vaccinations may support families in choosing partial vaccination over complete refusal, ultimately contributing to an overall increase in vaccinations. Methods: Using a modified Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework, this online survey of naturopathic physicians assessed childhood vaccine-related perceptions and practices. The survey instrument was developed through an iterative process using surveys from previous research, adapted by expert opinion and input from focus group participants. Results: Surveys were completed between October and November 2014 by 145 naturopathic physicians (response rate 28.7%) licensed and practicing in Vermont or Oregon State. The vast majority of respondents (93%) discuss childhood vaccines with their patients, and discussions may include numerous topics focused on assessing individualized risk factors and providing information to parents. Most (70%) assist parents in creating a customized vaccine schedule for their children, which may delay the start of vaccination until a later age, give select vaccines only, and/or spread out the vaccine schedule (as compared to the CDC-ACIP recommended schedule). Vaccinespecific safety concerns are highly prevalent ( 67% ), vary by vaccine, and include concerns regarding vaccine schedule, necessity, risk for potential adverse effects, and safety of vaccine ingredients. The majority of respondents use a variety of approaches intended to reduce adverse effects of vaccination (91 % ) and to make childhood vaccination safer and more effective (93%). Finally, most respondents are in agreement with each other on key vaccination beliefs underscoring both concerns and the importance of childhood vaccinations. Conclusions: Results highlight an individualized approach towards childhood vaccinations by naturopathic physicians, often including a customized schedule and indepth conversations with parents. The impact of this approach on parental vaccine choice and public health remains unknown. Results may promote further understanding of the various therapeutic recommendations and safety concerns regarding childhood vaccinations held by naturopathic physicians and can potentially foster more effective communication among all healthcare providers on this important public health issue.
From Snapshots of Practice to a Movie: Researching Long-Term Social Work and Child Protection by Getting as Close as Possible to Practice and Organisational Life

Research into social work and child protection has begun to observe practice to find out what social workers actually do, however, no such ethnographic research has been done into long-term practice. This article outlines and analyses the methods used in a study of long-term social work and child protection practice. Researchers spent fifteen months embedded in two social work departments observing organisational practices, culture and staff supervision. We also regularly observed social worker’s encounters with children and families in a sample of thirty cases for up to a year, doing up to twenty-one observations of practice in the same cases. Family members were also interviewed up to 3 times during that time. This article argues that a methodology that gets as close as possible to practitioners and managers as they are doing the work and that takes a longitudinal approach can provide deep insights into what social work practice is, how helpful relationships with service users are established and sustained over time, or not, and the influence of organisations. The challenges and ethical dilemmas involved in doing long-term research that gets so close to social work teams, casework and service users for up to a year are considered.
Why more men who have sex with men are not using PrEP–The role played by lack of interest in learning more about PrEP

Abstract Purpose: This paper examines lack of interest in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and lack of willingness to use PrEP information sources among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Demographic subgroups were compared via odds ratios in this purposive sample of 273 MSM. Results: 29% were uninterested in learning more about PrEP. Lack of interest was most common among: already PrEP-aware, Caucasian, HIV-positive, aged 40+, well-educated men. Most sources of information about PrEP were deemed unacceptable. Conclusions: Fueling the lack of PrEP use among MSM are a lack of interest in PrEP and an unwillingness to utilize existing information resources.