Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instabilities in high-power impulse magnetron plasmas: from stochasticity to periodicity

We observed that high-power pulsed magnetron plasmas show instabilities in the form of rotating emission structures. Fast CCD camera measurements show motion into the E × B direction. Their characteristic frequencies are in the 100 kHz range. They are correlated with a modulation of the floating potential and changes in the ion saturation current of a Langmuir probe. Rotation velocities are of the order of 10 km s−1. The azimuthal mode number, i.e. the number of emission nodes depends on current. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of the frequency spectra indicates that the structures condense out of broad band fluctuations suggesting transition from stochastic to periodic behaviour. FFT of the Langmuir probe signals also identifies other types of instabilities at around 2.4 MHz, which is corresponding to the frequency of a modified two-stream instability.
Is Frailty Diagnosis Important in Patients with COPD? A Narrative Review of the Literature

Frailty is prevalent in older adults and is related to a worsening functionality, quality of life, and health outcomes. Though there is an increasing interest in this field, the relationship between frailty and worsening COPD outcomes remains unknown. A narrative review of the literature with studies published between 2018 and 2022 was carried out to address three questions: the prevalence of frailty and other geriatric syndromes in COPD patients, the link between frailty and worsening health outcomes in COPD patients, and the non-pharmacological interventions performed in order to reverse frailty in these patients. A total of 25 articles were selected. Frailty prevalence ranged from 6% and 85.9%, depending on the COPD severity and the frailty measurement tool used. Frailty in COPD patients was related to a high prevalence of geriatric syndromes and to a high incidence of adverse events such as exacerbations, admissions, readmissions, and mortality. One study showed improvements in functionality after physical intervention. In conclusion, the prevalence of frailty is associated with a high incidence of geriatric syndromes and adverse events in COPD patients. The use of frailty screenings and a comprehensive geriatric assessment of COPD patients is advisable in order to detect associated problems and to establish individualized approaches for better outcomes.
Characterization of the Singular Part of the Solution of Maxwell's Equations in a Polyhedral Domain

The solution of Maxwell’s equations in a non-convex polyhedral domain is less regular than in a smooth or convex polyhedral domain. In this paper we show that this solution can be decomposed into the orthogonal sum of a singular part and a regular part, and we give a characterization of the singular part. We also prove that the decomposition is linked to the one associated to the scalar Laplacian. Copyright ( 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The spatial extent of the 3.3 micron emission feature in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469

Observations have been made of the 3.3-micron feature and the infrared continuum in the type 1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 using multiaperture techniques. While as much as 10 to the 7th solar luminosities in 3.3-micron line emission may arise from within the nucleus, the data indicate that the 3.3-micron emission-line region is extended, with a significant fraction of the luminosity of the line originating at distances greater than 240 pc from the nucleus. Possible mechanisms for the heating of the dust associated with the extended emission are discussed together with observational tests which can be used to verify the more promising of these mechanisms.
Transforming the lecture-hall environment: The fully interactive physics lecture

Numerous reports suggest that learning gains in introductory university physics courses may be increased by “active-learning” instructional methods. These methods engender greater mental engagement and more extensive student–student and student–instructor interaction than does a typical lecture class. It is particularly challenging to transfer these methodologies to the large-enrollment lecture hall. We report on seven years of development and testing of a variant of Peer Instruction as pioneered by Mazur that aims at achieving virtually continuous instructor–student interaction through a “fully interactive” physics lecture. This method is most clearly distinguished by instructor–student dialogues that closely resemble one-on-one instruction. We present and analyze a detailed example of such classroom dialogues, and describe the format, procedures, and curricular materials required for creating the desired lecture-room environment. We also discuss a variety of assessment data that indicate strong gains in.
Poor Mobilizers in Lymphoma but Not Myeloma Patients Had Significantly Poorer Progression-Free Survival after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: Results of a Large Retrospective, Single-Center Observational Study

Simple Summary Herein, we retrospectively analyze in our single-center study real-life data of 357 myeloma and lymphoma patients mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus a fixed dose of Plerixafor when indicated or G-CSF alone. There were no significant differences in engraftment kinetics or transfusion requirements between the Plerixafor Group and the G-CSF Group in the myeloma cohort. Lymphoma patients not requiring Plerixafor showed significantly faster neutrophil recovery, a trend for faster platelet recovery, and a significantly lower need for platelet transfusions. In myeloma patients, overall survival and progression-free survival after autologous stem cell transplantation were similar between the Plerixafor Group and the G-CSF Group, with hard to mobilize lymphoma patients showing significantly poorer progression-free survival and a trend also to lower overall survival. Abstract In our single-center study, 357 myeloma and lymphoma patients between 2009 and 2019 were mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF 7.5 µg/kg bid for four days) plus a fixed dose of 24 mg Plerixafor when indicated (Plerixafor Group, n = 187) or G-CSF alone (G-CSF Group, n = 170). The target CD34 cell yields were ≥2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg in lymphoma and ≥4.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg in myeloma patients to enable putative second transplants in the latter. There were no significant differences in engraftment kinetics or transfusion requirements between the Plerixafor Group and the control group in the myeloma cohort, with lymphoma patients not requiring Plerixafor showing significantly faster neutrophil recovery, a trend to faster platelet recovery, and a significantly lower need for platelet transfusions, probably due to the significantly lower number of CD34-positive cells re-transfused. While in myeloma patients the outcome (overall survival, progression-free survival) following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) was similar between the Plerixafor Group and the control group, hard to mobilize lymphoma patients had significantly poorer progression-free survival (47% vs. 74% at 36 months after ASCT, p = 0.003) with a trend also to poorer overall survival (71% vs. 84%). In conclusion, while there seem to be no differences in stemness capacity and long-term engraftment efficiency between the Plerixafor and the G-CSF Group in lymphoma as well as myeloma patients, poor mobilizing lymphoma patients per se constitute a high-risk population with a poorer outcome after ASCT. Whether disease characteristics and/or a more intense or stem cell-toxic pre-mobilization chemo-/radiotherapy burden in this cohort are responsible for this observation remains to be shown in future studies.
Assessment of the impact of digitalized management on the financial risks of industrial enterprises

This paper considers the process of influence of digitalized management on the financial risks of industrial enterprises. An algorithm for determining the category of financial risks of industrial enterprises has been developed. Depending on the values of the coefficient of variation of deviations of financial ratios from the standards, five categories of financial risks have been distinguished – minimum, low permissible, critical, catastrophic. The categories of financial risks of industrial enterprises of the energy sector on the basis of liquidity indicators were determined. The indicators with the help of which it is possible to determine the level of digitalized management have been systematized. The parameters of low, medium, and high levels of digitalized management of industrial enterprises were substantiated. The relationship between the level of digitalized management of industrial enterprises and the categories of financial risks has been established. To assess the impact of digitalized management on the financial risks of industrial enterprises, a cross matrix "level of digitalized management – category of financial risk" is proposed. This has made it possible to justify the expediency of using three strategic directions of influence of digitalized management on the financial risks of industrial enterprises – the strategy of an innovator, follower, and observer. It has been established that while the innovator's strategy assumes the maximum, the observer's strategy is a minimum of effort and aims to actively use digital tools to manage this process. The practical use of the proposed directions of influence of digitalized management on the financial risks of industrial enterprises will provide an integrative combination of quantitative and qualitative results. In particular, achieving a stable financial condition of industrial enterprises in the context of digital transformation of the economy
Well-posedness and asymptotic behavior of a nonautonomous, semilinear hyperbolic-parabolic equation with dynamical boundary condition of memory type

We consider a nonautonomous, semilinear, hyperbolic-parabolic equation subject to a dynamical boundary condition of memory type. First we prove the exis- tence and uniqueness of global bounded solutions having relatively compact range in the natural energy space. Under the assumption that the nonlinear term f is real analytic, we then derive an appropriate Lyapunov energy and we use the (cid:2)Lojasiewicz-Simon inequality to show the convergence of global weak solutions to single steady states as time tends to inﬁnity. Finally, we provide an estimate for the convergence rate. 28C99, 46E05.
A Horizontal Thermal Gradient Cloud Condensation Nucleus Spectrometer

Abstract A new cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrometer capable of simulating the desired range of cloud supersaturation in a single chamber is developed. It can rapidly and continuously measure and display the spatial and temporal distributions of the CCN activity spectrum with high resolution and is suitable for airborne, field and laboratory studies. Details of the spectrometer design for producing a range of supersaturations in the sample air flow, controlled size of activated droplets for detection, and of mechanisms for continuous sampling, scanning and recording are presented. The dependency of the plateau in number concentration of the activated CCN on the sample air flow rate and the detection limit are analyzed. The droplet counting mechanism is compared with the direct photographic method and is found in reasonable agreement. The usefulness of the spectrometer is demonstrated by detecting the simulated smoke plume in the laboratory in real time. Measurements on an urban aerosol indicate a s.
Community perception of forest reserve regulations enforcement in the Tano-Offin forest reserve, Ghana

Abstract In areas of high ecological importance, regulations are required to ensure that anthropogenic land uses are sustainable. In regulating such areas , it is important to consider the perspectives of land users to evaluate how regulations are effectively being enforced to achieve desired goals. While local perspectives have proven valuable in ensuring forest regulation compliance, little is known regarding community members’ perception about forest reserve regulations enforcement. By using survey data from the Tano-Offin Forest Reserve, we develop a model in this study to examine the spatial, socioeconomic, and demographic factors that influence local perception about forest reserve regulations enforcement. The study finds that community members who reside within 0.15 km from the forest reserve (AOR = 1.669, CI = 1.358–5.252, p = 0.010) and have secondary education or more (AOR: 1.689, CI: 1.176–3.694, p = 0.022) are significantly more likely to perceive that forest reserve regulations are being enforced. Moreover, the study establishes that females (AOR: 0.574, CI: 0.211–0.862, p = 0.018) and migrants (AOR:0.575, CI:0.169–0.860, p = 0.025) are less likely to perceive that forest reserve regulations are being enforced. We suggest that land managers should take into consideration diverse significant spatial, socioeconomic, and demographic factors to assess the efficiency of enforcement of forest reserve regulations.
Stability of the n=1 ideal internal kink for large aspect ratio Shafranov equilibria

Stability limits for the ideal internal kink mode are calculated analytically for the Shafranov current profile using the large aspect ratio expansion. For equilibria with q(a) > 2 and circular cross-section, the maximum stable poloidal beta is below 0.1. In the absence of a conducting wall, an equilibrium with q(a) < 2 is unstable at arbitrarily small positive poloidal beta or shear inside the q = 1 surface. The effects of non-circularity are discussed and quantitative results are given for elliptic cross-sections
Relative dominance of individual partials in determining the pitch of complex tones

These experiments were conducted to determine the dominance of each partial in determining the residue pitch of a complex tone. Subjects were required to make pitch matches to a complex tone which had one partial slightly mistuned from its ‘‘correct’’ harmonic value. The shift in residue pitch was measured as a function of the frequency shift of the harmonic, for each harmonic in turn. For mistunings up to ±2%–3% the shift in residue pitch was approximately a linear function of the shift in the harmonic, but for greater mistunings the shift in residue pitch was reduced. The degree to which a given harmonic can influence residue pitch gives a measure of the dominance of that harmonic. The dominant harmonics were always contained within the lowest six harmonics (for fundamental frequencies of 100, 200, and 400 Hz), but there were marked individual differences in the exact distribution of dominance across harmonics. The level of a harmonic relative to adjacent harmonics can have a significant effect on its d.
Total-Ionizing-Dose Effects at Ultrahigh Doses in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Total-ionizing-dose (TID) effects in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are evaluated by dc and low-frequency noise measurements. Devices with and without passivation layers are irradiated with 10-keV X-rays up to 100 Mrad(SiO2) under different bias conditions. Irradiated devices show significant electrical shifts in threshold voltage and transconductance. At doses < 10 Mrad(SiO2), the TID-induced effects are related to the passivation of preexisting acceptor-like defects via hole capture, which induces negative threshold voltage shifts and improvement of transconductance. At doses $>$ 10 Mrad(SiO2), dehydrogenation of defects and impurity complexes leads to the creation of acceptor-like defects, which degrade the transconductance, shift positively the threshold voltage, and increase the low-frequency noise. Effects are enhanced in unpassivated devices and when the gate is biased at high voltage.
The Primordial Abundance of 4He Revisited

We use a sample of 45 low-metallicity H II regions to determine the primordial helium abundance Yp with a precision of better than 1%. The data includes new spectrophotometric observations of 15 blue compact galaxies (BCGs) with oxygen abundance 12 + log (O/H) between 7.83 and 8.35 (Z☉/13 ≤ Z ≤ Z☉/4), most of which were selected from the First Byurakan and the University of Michigan objective prism surveys. We have included many low-metallicity BCGs in our sample, including the two most metal-deficient galaxies known, I Zw 18 (Z☉/55) and SBS 0335-052 (Z☉/43). We have carefully investigated the physical effects that may make the He I line intensities deviate from their recombination values, such as collisional and fluorescent enhancements, underlying He I stellar absorption, and absorption by Galactic interstellar Na I. By extrapolating the Y versus O/H and Y versus N/H linear regressions to O/H = N/H = 0, we obtain Yp = 0.244 ± 0.002 and 0.245 ± 0.001, respectively, in agreement with the study of Izotov, Thuan, & Lipovetsky, but higher than previous determinations (Yp = 0.230-0.234). Part of the difference comes from the fact that previous investigators have used the northwest component of I Zw 18 in the determination of Yp. This component is subject to strong underlying He I stellar absorption that reduces the He I line intensities by 5%-25%. The derived Y is 0.233 ± 0.008 from the He I λ6678 line. Instead, by using the southeast component of I Zw 18, which is much less subject to underlying He I stellar absorption, we obtain Y = 0.242 ± 0.009. The mean Y of the two most metal-deficient BCGs, I Zw 18 and SBS 0335-052, is =0.245±0.004, in excellent agreement with the Yp derived from the linear regressions. We derive a slope dY/dZ = 2.3 ± 1.0, considerably smaller than those derived before. With this smaller slope and taking into account the errors, chemical evolution models with an outflow of well-mixed material can be built for star-forming dwarf galaxies that satisfy all the observational constraints. Our Yp gives Ωb h250=0.058±0.007, consistent with the lower limit set by dynamical measurements and X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies. It is also consistent, within the framework of standard big bang nucleosynthesis theory, with measurements of primordial 7Li in galactic halo stars, and at the 1 σ level with the D/H abundance measured in absorption systems toward quasars by Tytler & Burles.
Investigating Listening to English Pop Song in Augmenting Vocabulary Mastery: A Case Study of Indonesian Undergraduate Students' Views

Mastering vocabulary is one of the difficulties for EFL learners in learning English due to various factors such as diverse cultures, language constructions, and learning motivation. Thus, elevating vocabulary needs promising activities such as listening to English pop songs. This study investigates listening to English pop songs to augment vocabulary mastery in Indonesian undergraduate students’ views. This study used a descriptive qualitative study as the research design. The participants of this study were 20 university students from diverse public and private universities with distinct majors in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research instruments in this study employed the questionnaire and interview. The results of this research indicate that listening to English pop songs promotes potential activity for the participants in augmenting their vocabulary mastery and other skills.
Practical Challenges of Attack Detection in Microgrids Using Machine Learning

The move towards renewable energy and technological advancements in the generation, distribution and transmission of electricity have increased the popularity of microgrids. The popularity of these decentralised applications has coincided with advancements in the field of telecommunications allowing for the efficient implementation of these applications. This convenience has, however, also coincided with an increase in the attack surface of these systems, resulting in an increase in the number of cyber-attacks against them. Preventative network security mechanisms alone are not enough to protect these systems as a critical design feature is system resilience, so intrusion detection and prevention system are required. The practical consideration for the implementation of the proposed schemes in practice is, however, neglected in the literature. This paper attempts to address this by generalising these considerations and using the lessons learned from water distribution systems as a case study. It was found that the considerations are similar irrespective of the application environment even though context-specific information is a requirement for effective deployment.
Magnetic imaging of the pinning mechanism of asymmetric transverse domain walls in ferromagnetic nanowires

The pinning of asymmetric transverse magnetic domain walls by constrictions and protrusions in thin permalloy nanowires is directly observed using the Fresnel mode of magnetic imaging. Different domain wall (DW)/trap configurations are initialized using in situ applied magnetic fields, and the resulting configurations are imaged both at remanence and under applied fields. The nature of the chirality dependent pinning potentials created by the traps is clearly observed. The effect of the asymmetry of the DW is discussed. Micromagnetic simulations are also presented, which are in excellent agreement with the experiments.
Light Microscopy and Ultrastructure of Body Wall in Leech Haemadipsa zeylanica

Background Information: Leeches are widely distributed worldwide in a diversity of habitats, such as freshwater, seas, desert, and oases. Since literature does not have an elaborate study on histology of leeches, thus emphasis is given to study the histology. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the histology of free-living leeches Haemadipsa zeylanica under light microscopy and extended to ultrastructural study under transmission electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Tissue was fixed in 10% formalin, dehydrated with alcohol, infiltrated and embedded in wax, and thin section was cut using a rotary microtome. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The epithelial layer of cells in H. zeylanica had a thin layer of cuticles covering it. In light microscopy, the epidermis has three types of epidermal cells, namely, glandular cells (Type I, Type II, and Type III), supporting cells (Type IV), and pigment cells (Type V). When the three glandular cells of the body wall of H. zeylanica epidermis were examined under an electron microscope, three types of distinct electron-dense granules were identified. Type I cells with granules, Type II cells with course granules close to the dermis were identified as pear-shaped secretory cells, and Type III cells with electron-dense granules.