Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Collaborative Learning on Developing Communicative Strategies in English for Specific Purpose Tour Guide Language Training Course at Tertiary Level

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of collaborative learning on learners’ communicative strategies in English for specific purpose (ESP) tour guide training course. The 12-week study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test, following the instruction of twelve topics in the ESP language training course. A total of 60 ESP language learners participated in the study. The experimental group was instructed using collaborative learning in the ESP tour guide language training and the control group was taught using a lecture-based approach. Data from the communicative strategies questionnaire were collected to assess the effectiveness of collaborative learning on learning communicative strategies in the ESP context. The results of the study showed that the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group on both the oral problem coping strategy scale and the listening problem coping strategy scale of the communicative strategies scale in the ESP environment. Based on the findings of the study, collaborative learning is effective in enhancing the language learners' communicative strategies in tour guide training course. Moreover, the study suggests that there should be a critical reflection on the ESP training course currently offered for tour guide language learners.
Mélange and its seismogenic roof décollement: A plate boundary fault rock in the subduction zone—An example from the Shimanto Belt, Japan

The Mugi Mélange located in western Shikoku of the Shimanto Belt shows systematic Y‐P deformation fabrics formed by microshear and pressure solution that penetrate throughout the mélange pile. Magnetic susceptibility ellipsoids obtained from the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) are highly oblate. Maximum and minimum axes of the ellipsoids are consistent with the shear orientation of the mélange and the mean pole of P surfaces, respectively. This agreement suggests that the Mugi Mélange was formed as a result of underthrusting of trench filling sediment. Vitrinite reflectance ranges from 2.52% to 3.08%, which corresponds to a maximum paleotemperature of ∼180–200°C. Pseudotachylyte, evidence of a seismogenic slip, was found in the upper boundary roof fault of the Mugi Mélange. However, there is not a thermal gap between the mélange and the overlying coherent piles, and the temperature from vitrinite reflectance gradually rises downward from the coherent piles to the mélange beyond the boundary fault, which suggests that paleoisotherms parallel the boundary fault orientation. The isotherms in the seismogenic zone are estimated as subparallel to the plate boundary décollement. Therefore the setting of the cataclastic boundary fault, which includes pseudotachylyte, appears to be a major plate boundary thrust or a subhorizontal splay fault. A probable geologic setting that accounts for the Mugi Mélange and the seismogenic roof fault is partitioning of the slip along the plate boundary fault in space and time: interseismic slip in the mélange and seismic slip along the roof fault.
Shock aurora: FAST and DMSP observations

[1] Global signatures of the aurora caused by interplanetary shocks/pressure pulses have been studied in recent years using ultraviolet imager data from polar orbiting spacecraft. The signatures include the occurrence of the aurora first near local noon and then propagation antisunward along the auroral oval at very high speeds. To better understand the mechanisms of particle precipitation, in this paper we study shock auroras using near-Earth observations of the FAST and DMSP satellites. We have studied the events that occurred during 1996–2000 where FAST and/or DMSP crossed the dawnside or duskside auroral zone within 10 min after shocks/pressure pulses arrived at the nose of the magnetopause. It is found that the electron precipitation increased significantly above the dawnside and duskside auroral oval zone after the shock/pressure pulse arrivals. The precipitation structure is low-energy electrons (<∼1 keV) at higher latitudes (∼75°–83° ILAT within 0600–0900 MLT) and high-energy electrons (∼1–10 keV) at lower latitudes (∼65°–79° ILAT) of the auroral zone. There are a few degrees (1°–4° ILAT) of overlap between these two categories of precipitated electrons. The precipitation of low-energy electrons was along highly structured field-aligned currents. The precipitation of the high-energy electrons was highly isotropic filling the loss cone. Possible mechanisms of field-aligned current generation are some dynamic processes occurring on the dayside magnetopause, such as magnetic shearing, magnetopause perturbation, magnetic reconnection, and Alfven wave generation. Adiabatic compression might have caused the high-energy electron precipitation. On the basis of observations of FAST and DMSP, shock auroras are speculated to be diffuse auroras at the lower latitudes of the dayside auroral oval and discrete auroras on the poleward boundary of the oval with a few latitude degree overlap of the two types of auroras.
Seismic hazard in Australia and New Zealand

As a prelude to the planned harmonization of building codes in Australia and New Zealand, this paper illustrates the seismic hazard in the two countries for discussion purposes. Hazard maps for peak ground acceleration for a 475 year return period are presented, and also for 2500 year return period in New Zealand, along with typical response spectra. It is shown that the hazard in the least seismic parts of New Zealand is similar to that of the more seismically active parts of Australia. The eventual harmonized loadings code would accommodate regional differences in hazard by using different response spectra and zone factors appropriate to the different regions of the two countries.
Global biostratigraphic comparison and correlation of an early Cisuralian palynoflora from Bolivia

This paper presents new data about Early Permian (Cisuralian) strata, palynostratigraphy and absolute dating from the Copacabana Formation in central Bolivia. Recent stratigraphic and palynologic data from marine and transitional rocks at Apillapampa refine the age of Cisuralian palynomorphs in South America. Twelve samples interbedded with five volcanic ashes (processed and productive) yielded 94 palynomorph species arranged in two informal palynoassemblages: the lower assemblage Vittatina costabilis corresponds to one sample near the base of the Copacabana Formation and the upper Lueckisporites virkkiae assemblage occurs in overlying marine and coal-bearing transitional intervals. Ages were also independently refined by a modern review of conodonts, fusulinids, along with those U–Pb radiometric ages (Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry [ID-TIMS] of zircon-bearing interbedded tuffs). These data suggest that the lower marine member of the Copacabana Formation at this location is Asselian and Sakmarian. Lueckisporites virkkiae is a key species of palynomorph utilised in South American and global Permian biostratigraphic reconstructions. Hence, a thorough global comparison of these palynofloras and correlations is addressed in this contribution, considering first appearances of mainly cosmopolitan diagnostic taxa. Correlations are established with many similar Permian palynofloras, some also constrained with radiometric data, in South America (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina) and elsewhere.
Development of E-Modules with Online Tests to Increase Students' Motivation and Learning Outcomes in Class XI

This study aims to develop an e-module learning media that contains online tests on the subject of Accounting Practicum in Service, Trade, and Manufacturing Companies for class XI Accounting. The method used is Research and Development using the ADDIE development model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data collection techniques used interviews, questionnaires, and assessment of student learning outcomes in the form of tests. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive. To find out the impact of e-module learning media containing online tests, an analysis was carried out by testing the hypothesis. The results showed that the development of e-modules containing online tests met the valid, practical, and effective criteria to increase student motivation and learning outcomes. The validation results from the experts stated that the e-module learning media containing online tests was valid with a valid assessment category. The practicality test conducted with teacher and student respondents showed that the e-module learning media containing online tests was practical to use. The results of testing the effectiveness of e-module learning media containing online tests showed a significant difference between the motivation and learning outcomes of students who studied using e-module learning media containing online tests and students who studied without using e-module learning media containing online tests.
Ectopic Pregnancy Risk Factors Presentation and Management Outcomes

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a common and serious early pregnancy problem with a significant morbidity rate and the potential for maternal death. Women commonly present with minimal vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the risk factors, clinical presentation, sites, and management outcomes of ectopic pregnancies. Methodology: It was a prospective descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted at Bashair Teaching Hospital during the period January 2021–June 2021. An interview questionnaire was used, and eighty-two (82) women were included after informed consent. Demographic and clinical data concerning personal history, symptoms of presentation, risk, site, and type of management were recorded. Results: Ectopic pregnancy incidence was 2% and most risk factors were infection 29.3%, surgery 15.9%, miscarriage 13.4%, infertility 12.2%, tubal surgery 4.9%, previous ectopic pregnancy 4.9%, intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) 3.6%, and tubal ligation 2.4%. Women presented with bleeding and abdominal pain at 47.5%, bleeding at 18.3%, abdominal pain at 9.7%, and shock at 8.5%. The sites are ampullary (57.3%), fimbria (9.7%), interstitial (8.5%), isthmus (8.5%), ovarian (7.3%), cervical (4.8%), and abdominal (3.6%). Surgical management was 93.9%, medical and surgical management was 3.6% and medical management was 2.4%. A blood transfusion was received at 37.8%. Conclusion: The study concluded that women of reproductive age are at risk of ectopic pregnancy, so healthcare providers and doctors should have a high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and intervention for ectopic pregnancy. Assessment of women at risk factors and modifications will reduce incidence.
Rare earth element concentrations and Nd isotopes in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Three vertical profiles of rare earth element concentrations and Nd isotopic compositions have been measured in the remote southeast Pacific Ocean. The three stations represent contrasting environments: the oligotrophic center of the gyre (station GYR), the “transition zone” east of the South Tropical Front (station EGY), and the Peru‐Chile upwelling marked by a pronounced oxygen minimum (station UPX). Rare earth concentrations display nutrient like vertical profiles except at UPX where surface waters are enriched. At this station Nd isotopic compositions are clearly more radiogenic than in the open ocean, suggesting that boundary exchange process is releasing lithogenic rare earth element from the volcanic Andes. Unexpected radiogenic values (εNd reaching –3.7) are also observed at 2000 m at station GYR in the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water that commonly have εNd values around –6. Exchange processes related to hydrothermal activity are suspected to produce this increase in εNd in the vicinity of the East Pacific Rise. These results provide some guidance for higher resolution studies planned in this region by the international GEOTRACES program.
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL OF BASIC TRAUMA AND CARDIO LIFE SUPPORT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS

Introduction: Basic trauma and cardio life support (BTCLS) is primarily focused on ensuring widespread and uniform implementation of life saving. Classical face to face teaching method and practices have been widely applied in higher nursing education to increase cognitive and psychomotor. The Aim of this community service was to increase knowledge and skills of BTCLS among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: BTCLS program was delivered through lecture, demonstration, and simulation. The instrument used was developed by the Indonesia emergency and disaster nurse association (HIPGABI). A self-report paper-based questionnaire was applied to measure the level of knowledge and skills. Data was analysed by descriptive statistics. Results: The demographic characteristic of participants were dominated by group of age 18 to 30 year-old (85.56%), female (73.33%), and those who have no clinical working experience (68.89%). The lowest education and skill scored was management of trauma whom were 55.56% passed and 70% was high skill. The pre-test showed around 60% participants was passed. The post-test, 100% participants met the pass level of each category with the highest knowledge and skill’s score was basic life support. After the whole program delivered, all participants convened the knowledge and more than 80% categorised as high skill. Conclusion: The given training program showed face to face teaching, simulation, and demonstration improved knowledge and skills related to BTCLS benefited participants. The BTCLS education and training highlighted knowledge should be periodically updated, technical skills should be consolidated, and sufficient equipment’s should be established in accordance with training and certified trainer.
The distribution and possible biostratigraphic significance of the ichnogenus Oldhamia in the shales of the Blow Me Down Brook Formation, western Newfoundland

The Blow Me Down Brook Formation is a siliciclastic unit in the Humber Arm allochthon of western Newfoundland that was deposited on the ancient North American continental slope and rise during the early stages of the development of the Iapetus Ocean. This unit consists primarily of sand-rich turbidites that appear to be barren of body fossils. The shales, however, contain trace fossil assemblages dominated by the ichnogenus Oldhamia and also include Planolites, Gordia, and other indistinguishable simple forms. Oldhamia is considered as an index fossil for the Early Cambrian, and the validity of this age assignment is reviewed.Oldhamia traces have been found in the Blow Me Down Brook Formation at 27 localities along the length of the allochthon and occur beneath each of the four ophiolitic massifs. Together, the assemblages from this unit contain five Oldhamia ichnospecies including O. radiata, O. antiqua, O. smithi, O. flabellata, and the newly reported O. curvata. Different ichnospecies are dominant in t.
Estado e saúde: os desafios do Brasil contemporâneo

This article deals with the connection between State and Health regarding to the difficulties of conception and concerning to the retaking of its trajectory, both in Europe and Brazil. It also provides elements to the reflection that Health is not only a social right but also a State's duty guaranteed by Federal Constitution. This paper also points out the challenges set to the United Health System.
Scaling Up Primary Education Services in Rural Tamil Nadu: Public Investment Requirements and Reform

We attempt to address two key questions in this paper: 1) In terms of state-wide scaling up of rural services in the area of primary education, what will it cost financially and in terms of human resources to scale-up these services in all the rural areas of the state? And 2) what policy, institutional and governance reforms may be necessary so as to ensure proper service delivery? As is well known, merely constructing more schools, for instance, is not going to be enough; higher public investments in these areas needs to be accompanied by systemic reforms that will help overhaul the present service delivery system, including issues of control and oversight, for example. Nirupam Bajpai is Senior Development Advisor and Director of the South Asia Program at the Center on Globalization and Sustainable Development, The Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is also a member of the United Nations Millennium Project. Ravindra H. Dholakia is Professor of Economics at the Indian Institute of Management at Ahmedabad in India. Jeffrey D. Sachs is Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and Special Advisor to the United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki Moon. Nirupam Bajpai presented this paper to Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission of India, K S Sripathi, Chief Secretary, Government of Tamil Nadu, V K Subburaj, M Kutralingam, Principal Secretary, School Education, R. Palaniswamy, District Collector, Villupuram, and M Rajendran, District Collector, Tiruvannamalai.
Effect of Huntiella decorticans and drought on Nothofagus dombeyi seedlings

Abstract In the temperate forests of Patagonia, Argentina, Nothofagus dombeyi, commonly known as Coihue, has shown sensitivity to intense drought events, leading to mortality. Studies have been conducted on Coihue decline and mortality using a variety of approaches, including the role of extreme heat waves and drought, pests and pathogens, particularly the fungus Huntiella decorticans. This work aimed to evaluate survival, vitality, necrosis extension and growth response of inoculated and non-inoculated Coihue seedlings from different provenances exposed to different soil moisture levels. To achieve this goal, 96 Coihue seedlings from 2 different provenances were assigned to 8 different experimental treatments. Treatments were composed of the presence or absence of H. decorticans and different soil moisture content conditions, dry, wet and the exposure to dry condition at different times of the experiment. Both dry conditions and H. decorticans had negative effects on the survival and growth rate of Coihue. The combination of both factors resulted in 100 % mortality, regardless of the plants’ geographical provenances. Mortality began to be observed 3 months after pathogen inoculation, during the warmest month. Necrosis extension produced by the pathogen was similar for most of the inoculated treatments. The treatment under wet condition during the experiment but subjected to dry condition in the previous growing season presented lower necrosis extension (8.4 ± 3.2 %), than the other treatments. The radial increase was also affected by the treatments and geographical provenance, being those plants exposed to dry conditions which grew less (0.19 ± 0.21 mm). This study enhances our understanding of the plant–pathogen interaction. According to our results, Coihue may become more susceptible to mortality, when H. decorticans and water deficit conditions act synergistically.
Use of hydraulic head to estimate volumetric gas content and ebullition flux in northern peatlands

Hydraulic head was overpressured at middepth in a 4.2‐m thick raised bog in the Glacial Lake Agassiz peatlands of northern Minnesota, and fluctuated in response to atmospheric pressure. Barometric efficiency (BE), determined by calculating ratios of change in hydraulic head to change in atmospheric pressure, ranged from 0.05 to 0.15 during July through November of both 1997 and 1998. The overpressuring and a BE response were caused by free‐phase gas contained primarily in the center of the peat column between two or more semielastic, semiconfining layers of more competent peat. Two methods were used to determine the volume of gas bubbles contained in the peat, one using the degree of overpressuring in the middepth of the peat, and the other relating BE to specific yield of the shallow peat. The volume of gas calculated from the overpressuring method averaged 9%, assuming that the gas was distributed over a 2‐m thick overpressured interval. The volume of gas using the BE method averaged 13%. Temporal changes in overpressuring and in BE indicate that the volume of gaseous‐phase gas also changed with time, most likely because of rapid degassing (ebullition) that allowed sudden loss of gas to the atmosphere. Estimates of gas released during the largest ebullition events ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 mol m−2 d−1. These ebullition events may contribute a significant source of methane and carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that has so far largely gone unmeasured by gas‐flux chambers or tower‐mounted sensors.
Evaporation–Precipitation Variability over the Mediterranean and the Black Seas from Satellite and Reanalysis Estimates

Abstract Satellite retrievals of surface evaporation and precipitation from the Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data (HOAPS-3) dataset are used to document the distribution of evaporation, precipitation, and freshwater flux over the Mediterranean and Black Seas. An analysis is provided of the major scales of temporal and spatial variability of the freshwater budget and the atmospheric processes responsible for the water flux changes. The satellite evaporation fluxes are compared with fields from three different reanalysis datasets [40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), ERA-Interim, and NCEP]. The results show a water deficit in the Mediterranean region that averages to about 2.4 mm day−1 but with a significant east–west asymmetry ranging from 3.5 mm day−1 in the eastern part to about 1.1 mm day−1 in the western part of the basin. The zonal asymmetry in the water deficit is driven by evaporation differences that are in turn determined by variability in the air–sea humidity differe.
Late Mesolithic lifeways and deathways at Vlasac (Serbia)

Abstract Recent excavations (2006–2009) at the Mesolithic-Neolithic site of Vlasac in the Danube Gorges region of the north-central Balkans have focused on a reevaluation of previous conclusions about site formation processes, stratigraphy, chronology, and the nature of occupation. Mostly Late Mesolithic remains had been encountered in the preserved portion of the site, but, for the first time, in a restricted zone of the excavated area, vertical stratification of burial and occupation features yielded evidence about the use of the site in the period that is contemporaneous with Phase I–II at Lepenski Vir, the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition phase in this region, ca. 6200–5900 cal b.c. Various strands of archaeological evidence show both continuities and discontinuities in Late Mesolithic forager life- and deathways at the start of the Neolithic in the central Balkans.