Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Dimensions of Executive Functions in Monolingual and Bilingual Children

Objective: This study aimed to compare the executive functions of bilingual and monolingual children. Methods: We recruited 200 children, all under 5 years old, who participated in a cross-sectional study. These participants were separated into two groups based on their enrollment in a second language program. Group one consisted of children enrolled in a second language program (Mean±SD age: 9.86±2.69). Group two consisted of children who did not enroll in any second language program (Mean±SD age: 9.63±3.21). Participants’ executive functioning was assessed using the behavior rating inventory of executive function. The demographics and the socioeconomic status of all participants have been collected via parental reports. Results: Bilingual children scored higher in the components of inhibition, shift of attention, emotional control, initiation, working memory, strategic planning, organization of materials, and monitoring. Also, their total score was higher compared to monolingual children. Conclusion: Early exposure to a second language program during childhood enhances executive functions.
Nurses' Knowledge about Safe and Unsafe Drugs of Patients with Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency /

: Background: Nurses play an important role in identifying and preventing precipitating factors that lead to a haemolytic crisis in G6PD deficiency patients by avoiding trigger factors such as specific drugs. Purpose: To assess nurses' knowledge about safe and unsafe drugs for patients with G6PD deficiency at Menoufia Governorate. Methods: Descriptive research design was utilized. An online survey form was created by using Google Forms. The data were selected from different departments of Menoufia university hospital. Sampling: A convenience sample that included 300 nurses, Instruments: Instrument one: Nurse's knowledge assessment questionnaire regarding safe and unsafe drugs used for G6PD deficiency patients, Instrument two: Nurses' source of information about safe and safe drugs. Results: Approximately half of the nurses (48%) had poor knowledge about safe and unsafe drugs for G6PD patients, 24% had good knowledge, and 20%-70% had average knowledge. Whereas, 49% of nurses gain here knowledge about safe and safe drugs from academic achievement, faculty of nursing, or institution. The educational level had a highly significant correlation with nurses’ knowledge regarding safe and unsafe drugs used for G6PD. Conclusion: The nurse’s knowledge regarding G6PD deficiency was not enough. Recommendation: Continuing nursing education and in-services training programs concerning glucose-6- phosphate deficiency should be provided regularly. nurses, knowledge.
Fermionic spinon theory of square lattice spin liquids near the N\'eel state

Quantum fluctuations of the N\'eel state of the square lattice antiferromagnet are usually described by a $\mathbb{CP}^1$ theory of bosonic spinons coupled to a U(1) gauge field, and with a global SU(2) spin rotation symmetry. Such a theory also has a confining phase with valence bond solid (VBS) order, and upon including spin-singlet charge 2 Higgs fields, deconfined phases with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order possibly intertwined with discrete broken global symmetries. We present dual theories of the same phases starting from a mean-field theory of fermionic spinons moving in $\pi$-flux in each square lattice plaquette. Fluctuations about this $\pi$-flux state are described by 2+1 dimensional quantum chromodynamics (QCD$_3$) with a SU(2) gauge group and $N_f=2$ flavors of massless Dirac fermions. It has recently been argued by Wang et al. (arXiv:1703.02426) that this QCD$_3$ theory describes the N\'eel-VBS quantum phase transition. We introduce adjoint Higgs fields in QCD$_3$, and obtain fermionic dual descriptions of the phases with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order obtained earlier using the bosonic $\mathbb{CP}^1$ theory. We also present a fermionic spinon derivation of the monopole Berry phases in the U(1) gauge theory of the VBS state. The global phase diagram of these phases contains multi-critical points, and our results imply new boson-fermion dualities between critical gauge theories of these points.
Premenopausal Women’s Awareness and Barriers Regarding Cervical Cancer and its Screening

Background : Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women around the world. It is the most prevalent cancer in women in Egypt, accounting for 18.9 percent of total cases of cancer. Screening is one of the most effective tools for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment . The aim of this study was to determines the level of premenopausal women ’ s awareness and barriers regarding cervical cancer and it’s screening. Research Design: A descriptive cross sectional study. Subject: Convenience Sample (235) of premenopausal women attended inpatient department and outpatient clinic for obstetrics and gynecological diseases at Minia University maternity and children hospital were included in this study. Tools of data collection : consisted of three tools, Interviewing assessment tool It encompassed three main parts : (women’ socio -demographic characteristics, obstetrical and family history, women’ knowledge), attitude assessment tool and women ʼ s screening barriers for cervical cancer assessment tool. Results : This study revealed that 83. % of the studied women had inadequate knowledge levels toward cervical cancer and it’s screening, around two thirds of the studied women had a negative attitude toward cervical cancer screening and the most common women's barriers to participation in cervical cancer screening were fear of vaginal examinations, fear of the result, do not know where the test is done, absence of symptoms for cervical cancer . Recommendation: Improve awareness through regular health education and using mass media which has an important role in improving the women knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer and it ̕ s screening and there is need to implement regular cervical screening practice at national level.
Evaluation of Dental Implant Angulation on Marginal Bone Loss in Posterior Maxillary Area

Objective: To assess the marginal bone loss in the angled implant in the posterior maxillary region. Subjects and methods: A total of 14 implants, 7 angled implants and 7 straight implants in posterior maxilla with surgical guide were placed. Seven patients ranged in age between 40.0 – 43.0 years with a mean age of 41.71 ± 1.25 years for angulated implant group; and seven patients ranged in age between 44.0 – 45.0 years with a mean age 44.43 ± 0.53 years for straight implant group. Flap less approach through surgical guide with angulation 25-30 for angled implant and straight implant without angulation. Results: Angulated implant showed a higher significant buccal marginal bone loss than straight implant at prosthetic and 6 months after loading. Angulated implant showed a higher significant palatal marginal bone loss than straight implant at prosthetic and 6 months after loading. Conclusion : The angled implant showed a higher significant marginal bone loss than the straight implant on the prosthesis and 6 months after loading. However, angulated implants can be a satisfactory alternative to vertical implants to avoid transplant procedures.
Using the natural zeolite (clinoptiolite) in removing ammonia, heavy metals and improving water quality in fish ponds

: The progressive build-up of toxic wastes, such as ammonia and heavy metals, is a problem of intensive fish culture systems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the natural zeolite (clinoptiolite) in removing ammonia and heavy metals. Twelve cement ponds (each 2 m 3 ) were used to carry out three experimental zeolite treatments with the following concentrations: 1 kg/ 1000 L, 2 kg/ 1000 L, and 3 kg / 1000 L ( with three replications, in addition to 0 concentration for the control. The clinoptilolite was placed in mesh bags ( 25 x 20 cm). Twenty mono-sex male Nile tilapia, O. niloticus , fingerlings, with an average initial weight of 21 . 10, 20 . 4 3 , 22 . 70 and 22 . 40g for control, T1, T2 and T3, respectively, were stocked in each tank. The results revealed that application of zeolite significantly (P<0.05) decreased all the inorganic dissolved nitrogen. The average concentrations of unionized ammonia (NH 3 ) were 0.52, 0.39, 0.21 and 0.04 mg/l for Control, T1, T2, and T3 during the whole experimental period, whereas the concentrations of nitrate (NO 3 -N) were 1 . 31 , 0.9 1 0.88 and 0. 6 1 mg/l, respectively. The concentrations of nitrite (NO 2 -N) were 0.36, 0.31, 0,19 and 0.11 mg/l during the whole experimentation. Zeolite had the ability to take up heavy metals; Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. Heavy metals concentration values in ponds' water showed significant differences (P<0.05) for the control as well as the three treatments, where control ponds had the highest total mean concentrations of all metals ( 5 .771 mg/l,) compared to T1 (4.827 mg/l), T2 (4.083 mg/l) and T3 ( 3.562 mg/l), respectively. Heavy metals accumulation in musculature of O. niloticus in different treatments was investigated. All metals showed significant (P<0.05) differences among different treatments.
Denitrification-induced carbonate precipitation by bio-composite material with Pseudomonas aeruginosa for simultaneous nitrate and cadmium remediation

Abstract The presence of nitrate and heavy metals in wastewater are common but serious problem throughout the world. Thus, considering their toxicity, in the present study, denitrification-induced carbonate precipitation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was researched in the simultaneous removal of nitrate and cadmium. Prior to the experimentation, P. aeruginosa was immobilized in bio-composite material (BCM) comprised of varying concentration of bentonite and alginate. The BCM with formulation 3% (m/v) bentonite and 1% (m/v) alginate (BA3) was found to more sustained and controlled release of bacterial cells in the solution, thus was utilized for bioremediation studies. The BCM with formulation BA3 effectively removed nitrate and Cd2+ by 93 and 74% (m/m), when their initial concentrations were 100 and 5 mg/L, respectively, in 24 h. Further, the P. aeruginosa cells inside the BCM were able to produce nitrite reductase and nitrate reductase in the spiked solution. Based on experimental results, denitrification by BCM reduced nitrate, generated alkalinity, and formed bicarbonate ions that, when reacting with Cd2+ ions, formed cadmium carbonate. The research presented in this study is important to know the significance of bio-composite material with denitrifiers in actively producing key enzymes of denitrification leading to simultaneous removal of nitrate and heavy metal from water.
The Detection Rates of Merging Binary Black Holes Originating from Star Clusters and Their Mass Function

Advanced LIGO achieved the first detection of the gravitational wave, which was from a merging binary black hole (BBH). In the near future, more merger events will be observed, and the mass distribution of them will become available. The mass distribution of merger events reflects the evolutionary path of BBHs: dynamical formation in dense star clusters or common envelope evolution from primordial binaries. In this paper, we estimate the detection rate of merging BBHs which dynamically formed in dense star clusters by combining the results of $N$-body simulations, modeling of globular clusters, and cosmic star-cluster formation history. We estimate that the merger rate density in the local universe within the redshift of 0.1 is 13--57 Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$. We find that the detection rate is 0.23--4.6 per year for the current sensitivity limit and that it would increase to 5.1--99 per year for the designed sensitivity which will be achieved in 2019. The distribution of merger rate density in the local universe as a function of redshifted chirp mass has a peak close to the low-mass end.The chirp mass function of the detected mergers, on the other hand, has a peak at the high-mass end, but is almost flat. This difference is simply because the detection range is larger for more massive BBHs.
Haplotyping of PD-1 Polymorphisms in Egyptian Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study.

Background: As being the third‑most common cancer type in males and the second‑most common cancer type in females worldwide, the incidence of colorectal carcinoma is increasing and associated with poor prognosis. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) gene encodes an inhibitory cell surface receptor that is thought to be implicated in influencing the cancer cells’ evasion of the host immune system. The current work was conducted to evaluate the association of PD-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, PD-1.3G/A (rs11568821) and PD-1.5 C/T (rs2227981) haplotypes with both the susceptibility and the onset of colorectal cancer in the Egyptian population. Methods and Results: The PD-1.3 G/A and, PD-1.5 C/T polymorphisms were investigated in 100 colorectal cancer patients and 100 healthy controls by allelic discrimination technique through TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lowest overall risk of colorectal cancer was associated with the haplotype G/T while the A/T haplotype showed the highest risk among the four being insignificant. However, the A/T haplotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of the early onset disease by 4.4 times as compared to the reference haplotype G/C. Moreover, the PD1.5C/T SNP was in a significant linkage disequilibrium with PD1.3G/A SNP (D = 0.0255, D'= 0.151, r= 0.1298 and p = 0.0094). Conclusion: Among the Egyptian population, the G/T haplotype was considered protective acquiring the least risk for colorectal cancer, while the mutant A/T haplotype was not only associated with a higher risk of the disease but also with a significantly higher risk to exhibit early onset colorectal cancer.
Energy conversion across the Earth's magnetopause: Observations

We review recently developed methods to investigate energy circulation in the near-Earth space using a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation GUMICS-4. We describe methods to evaluate the magnetopause energy transfer and ways to quantify effects of the reconnection dynamics. We also present evidence, supported by Cluster spacecraft observations, showing that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) y-component controls the spatial variation of the magnetopause energy transfer. The simulation results also suggests that the energy transfer exhibits a hysteresis effect where the energy transfer does not decrease immediately after the driving conditions start to become weaker. We investigate the hysteresis effect in the simulation and conclude that the previous driving conditions as well as the present state of the global magnetosphere may influence the processes at the magnetopause, and thus regulate the energy input to the system.
Determination of Anxiety and Perceived Social Support among Mothers with Infants from 0-1 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Many children were registered to be infected as a result of close contact with COVID-19 cases or due to travel through epidemic regions. On one hand, the responsibility of motherhood and the womans mental adjustment to this role, and on the other, the inadequate data about effects of COVID-19 on the baby may cause anxiety disorders in mothers. At the same time, social support provided during one of the vital crisis periods of parenting may assist in reducing stress on the individual. Objektive: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the anxiety and perceived social support levels felt by mothers with infants 0-1 years old during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample of the study was comprised 146 mothers with infants from 0-1 years of age reached online. Study data were collected with a questionnaire Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test (GAD-7) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results: Forty one percent of mother had someone to support baby care, 81.5% followed news related to COVID19, 80.8% had sufficient knowledge levels about COVID-19 and 85.6% experienced worry about their babys health during the COVID-19 pandemic. GAD-7 test points of 96.9% of mothers had higher than limit for generalized anxiety disorder. Mothers MSPSS score were above the mean. Mothers with low income, insufficient knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic and experienced worry about the babys health had higher mean GAD7 7 points and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Additionally, mean GAD7 7 were significantly correlated at low levels with the MSPSS total (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study determined that as perceived social support reduced, anxiety levels increased among mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Large-scale magnetic fields: galaxy two-point correlation function

We study the effect of large-scale tangled magnetic fields on the galaxy two-point correlation function in the redshift space. We show that (i) the magnetic field effects can be comparable to the gravity-induced clustering for present magnetic field strength B 0 ≃ 5 x 10 - 8 G, (ii) the absence of this signal from the present data gives an upper bound B 0 ? 3 x 10 - 8 G and (iii) the future data can probe the magnetic fields of ≃10 - 8 G. A comparison with other constraints on the present magnetic field shows that they are marginally compatible. However, if the magnetic fields corresponding to B 0 ≃ 10 - 8 G existed at the last scattering surface, they will cause unacceptably large cosmic microwave background radiation anisotropies.
Critical Condition for Flow Transition in a Full- Developed Annulus Flow

Axial flow in an annulus between two concentric cylinders is commonly seen in various flow devices used in chemical processing industries and petroleum science and engineering. The flow state in the annulus strongly influences the performance of fluid transportation in the devices. Therefore, the determination of flow state which is laminar flow or turbulent flow is an important task to predict the performance of the flow devices. In previous works, we have proposed an energy gradient method for studying the flow instability and turbulent transition. In this method, it is shown that the flow instability and turbulent transition in wall bounded shear flows depend on the relative magnitude of the gradient of the total mechanical energy in transverse direction and the rate of loss of the total mechanical energy along the streamwise direction for a given imposed disturbance. For pipe and plane Poiseuille flows, it has been demonstrated that the transition to turbulence for these wall bounded parallel flows occurs at a consistent value of the energy gradient parameter (Kmax). In present study, the critical condition for turbulent transition in annulus flow is calculated with the energy gradient method for various radius ratios. The critical flow rate and critical Reynolds number are given for various radius ratios. Then, the analytical results are compared with the experiments in the literature. Finally, the implication of the result is discussed in terms of the drag reduction and mixing as well as heat transfer in practical industrial applications of various fluid delivery devices.
B-Site Nanoscale-Ordered Structure Enables Ultra-High Tunable Performance

Tunable devices constructed by ferroelectric thin films are often desired to possess a low dielectric loss while maintainging a high dielectric tunability over a broad operating temperature range in applications, for example, resonators, filters, or phase shifters. However, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve these characteristics by traditional strategies, such as doping and strain modifying. Here, we demonstrate that the dielectric tunability of the sol-gel-prepared Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)0.9(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.1O3 (PSNMN) thin film can be almost doubled from ~47% to ~80.0% (at 10 kHz) at a low electric field (~530 kV/cm), and the dielectric loss can be sharply reduced by more than an order of magnitude, from ~0.50 to ~0.037 (at 1 kHz) when the thin film was annealed in air at 650°C for 15 h under the help of an atmosphere-compensating-block (ACB) made from the proto-PSNMN gel. Moreover, the PSNMN thin film annealed with ACB also exhibited an extremely high thermally-stable dielectric tunability in an ultrabroad temperature range (>130 K), which could be attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner (MW) effect generated by the interface between the PSNMN disordered matrix and the B-site nanoscale-ordered structure formed during the long-term annealing process. The reduced dielectric loss is mainly benefited from the reduced concentration of oxygen vacancy and the possible MW effects, and the enhanced dielectric tunability could be ascribed to the weaker domain-pinning effect by oxygen vacancy. The breakthrough provides a new universal strategy to achieve utrahigh tunable performance in A(B'1/2B”1/2)O3 ferroelectric thin films with a B-site nanoscale-ordered structure, meanwhile it paves the way for ultraintergrated tunable thin-film-devices with great phase shifter performance in practical applications.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF SIMULATED FOULING ON AN AXIAL COMPRESSOR STAGE THROUGH CFD MODELING

In this paper, the most common and experienced source of loss for a gas turbine, i.e. compressor fouling, is modeled and analyzed by means of a three-dimensional numerical approach. In particular, CFD simulations of fouling affecting an axial compressor stage are carried out. To do this, the NASA Stage 37 is considered for numerical investigation. The numerical model, validated against experimental data available from literature, is used to simulate the occurrence of fouling by imposing different combinations of added thickness and surface roughness. The results highlighted that the main effect of fouling is the decrease in the flow rate, even if a decrease in the stage compressor ratio was also noticed. Reductions of the flow coefficient and of the pressure coefficient were found to be of the same order of magnitude of the experimental results found in literature. Different non-uniform combinations of surface roughness levels on rotor and stator blades were also imposed. Simulations showed that the greatest effect on performance is attributable to the rotor, and, by analyzing the effect of roughening pressure surface and suction surface separately, to its suction surface.
A ROTATING DISK IN THE HH 111 PROTOSTELLAR SYSTEM

The HH 111 protostellar system is a young Class I system with two sources, VLA 1 and VLA 2, at a distance of 400 pc. Previously, a flattened envelope has been seen in C18O to be in transition to a rotationally supported disk near the VLA 1 source. The follow-up study here is to confirm the rotationally supported disk at 2–3 times higher angular resolutions, at ∼0. ″3 (or 120 AU) in 1.33 mm continuum, and ∼0. ″6 (or 240 AU) in 13CO (J = 2–1) and 12CO (J = 2–1) emission obtained with the Submillimeter Array. The 1.33 mm continuum emission shows a resolved dusty disk associated with the VLA 1 source perpendicular to the jet axis, with a Gaussian deconvolved size of ∼240 AU. The 13CO and 12CO emissions toward the dusty disk show a Keplerian rotation, indicating that the dusty disk is rotationally supported. The density and temperature distributions in the disk derived from a simple disk model are found to be similar to those found in bright T Tauri disks, suggesting that the disk can evolve into a T Tauri disk in the late stage of star formation. In addition, a hint of a low-velocity molecular outflow is also seen in 13CO and 12CO coming out from the disk.