Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Resistance to Some Pyrethroid
and Organophosphate Insecticides and Their
Underlying Impact on the Activity of Esterases
and Phosphatases in House Fly, Musca domestica
(Diptera: Muscidae)

Resistance development against some frequently used insecticides, i.e., deltamethrin (1.5% EC), cypermethrin (10% SC), permethrin (0.5% WP) and DDVP (50% EC) was evaluated against Musca domestica L. Insecticide bioassays were carried out against susceptible and resistant strains at 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg/μl concentrations. Mortality data was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Resistance was monitored up to three generations and the flies with higher LD50values than the F1 generation were considered resistant. LD50values for Permethrin increased from 58.258 μg/μl to 85.1375 μg/μl with highest resistance ratio (RR) in F1 to F3. The lowest resistance ratio was observed with DDVP. Maximum inhibition in adult emergence was observed against DDVP. The inhibitory activity of Esterases; Acetylcholine and Phosphatases; ACP, AKP was recorded. Deltamethrin inhibited the maximum activity of AChE (50%), whereas, DDVP caused maximum inhibition of acid phosphatases. The results suggested that house fly populations are more resistant to pyrethroids compared to organophosphate insecticides.
Factors determining the functional abilities of patients after stroke

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional abilities of patients after stroke and to identify factors that affect it. Material and methods: The study was performed on 40 patients after stroke. To assess functional ability the Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA), Barthel Index (BI), Tinetti test, and Up&Go test were used. The maximum muscle power (Pmax), optimal shortening velocity (Vopt), muscle strength, one-leg standing test, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), pain assessment (Numeric Pain Scale), nutrition assessment (Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale – MNA) were also performed. Results: Functional performance was influenced by: knee flexors on the affected side (correlations respectively: RMA rho = 0.37; p = 0.04; Tinetti test rho = 0.44; p < 0.01; Up&Go test rho = –0.56; p < 0.001), balance time on a non-affected leg (RMA rho = 0.38; p = 0.03; BI rho = 0.41; p = 0.01; test Tinetti rho = 0.64; p < 0.001; Up&Go test rho = –0.47; p = 0.003), Pmax (RMA rho = 0.35; p = 0.04; Tinetti test rho = 0.49; p < 0.01; Up&Go test rho = –0.63; p < 0.001), reporting problems with sitting and standing up (RMA p = 0.003; Tinetti test p = 0.02; Up&Go test p = 0.049), using orthopedic assistance (RMA global functions p = 0.01; RMA lower limb and torso p = 0.04; BI p = 0.003; Tinetti test p < 0.001, Up&Go test p < 0.001). The MNA result was correlated with RMA (rho = 0.36; p < 0.04), no correlation was obtained for any of the functional tests with the extensor muscle strength on the non-affected side, GDS and pain level. Conclusions: The functional ability of stroke patients is affected by knee flexors on the affected side, the ability to maintain balance, and maximum muscle power. People, who reported problems with sitting and standing up and using orthopedic assistance, are characterized by worse ability.
TESTBIOTECH Background 30-8-2020 Testbiotech comment on EFSA GMO Panel ́s Scientific Opinion on the assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape GT73 for renewal of authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA- GMO-RX-002) from Bayer/ Monsanto

Molecular characterisation There is a complete lack of more recent data on genetic stability and gene expression in the context of ongoing climate change. Such data on changes in gene expression are requested by Regulation 503/2013. Experiments should have been performed under controlled and defined conditions to expose the plants to all relevant biotic or abiotic stressors, and to gather sufficiently reliable data on gene expression and functional genetic stability.
Population dynamics of ectoparasitic bee-mite (Tropilaelaps clareae) in European honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in north-western India

Studies on year round population fluctuation of Tropilaelaps clareae Delfinado and Baker in Apis mellifera Linnaeus colonies through different seasons under with two strength colonies (8-10 and 18-20 bee frame strength) in north-western India revealed the maximum mite population during March-April that synchronized with the peak worker brood rearing in the bee colonies. The maximum mite population on adult bees and mite fall were also observed in March-April but the population of the mite on adult bees was very small. This showed that this mite has negligible phoretic behaviour. This is in contrast to Varroa destructor Delfinado and Baker which showed a strong phoretic behaviour. The mite population in worker brood was positively correlated with worker brood rearing in 8-10 and 18-20 bee frame strength A. mellifera colonies (r = 0.74, r = 0.79, respectively). Since the residual mite population starts multiplying quickly to increase in brood rearing with the spring onset, the strategy of reducing its carry over to spring brood rearing period by hitting it with some effective management measures before the spring onset when mite population is low, could be a promising strategy. Further, in double strength (18-20) honey bee colonies wherein brood rearing had been higher than in low strength (8-10) honey bee colonies, the mite population had been the lowest in the brood in the former colonies which could be attributed to high adult nurse worker bee population resulted in a more mite fall which resulted in lower incidence of the mite in the brood. Thus, it can be inferred that honey bee colonies must be maintained stronger to take these to at least one super.
Effects of rumen-protected choline supplied at different dietary energy levels on growth performance and meat quality of fattening goats

Choline is a vitamin-like nutrient that functions as a biological methyl donor, in various reactions in the body thus playing a major role in energy metabolism. Although it can be synthesized by most animals, it is not produced in quantities sufficient to meet their requirements; as a result, external supplementation is often required. In ruminants, choline is rapidly degraded in the rumen (Sharma and Erdman, 1989); therefore, a rumen-protected form of choline has been developed for its safe delivery to the small intestine for absorption. Rumen-protected choline (RPC) is commonly used in the diets of dairy cattle and dairy goats during the transition and early lactation periods, which are characterized by negative hormonal and energy balances, as it can prevent the development of fatty liver and improve milk yield and composition (Hartwell et al., 2000; Pinotti et al., 2008). However, the use of RPC in fattening goats has received little attention. In a recent study from Yangzhou University, ABSTRACT. The effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation in different energy level diets on growth performance and meat quality of fattening goats were examined in this study. In total, 40 six-month-old Cashmere goats (initial body weight 24.30 ± 2.64 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatments: two different digestible energy (DE) levels (11.94 and 10.89 MJ/kg) and RPC supplement levels (0 and 0.2%). The experiment lasted for 70 days, with the first 10 days of acclimation and next 60 days of formal experimental period. It was shown that RPC supplementation in a low-energy diet improved the overall average daily feed intake, and the interaction effect of RPC×DE was highly significant between days 20 to 60 of the experiment. The overall average daily gain and feed to gain indices were not significantly affected by RPC supplementation at any energy level; however, RPC supplementation in a lowenergy diet tended to improve these indices. There were no significant effects of RPC×DE on slaughter performance, meat quality or serum biochemical indices; however, RPC supplementation resulted in lower drip loss, cook loss and shearing force, with a tendency to improve meat quality. Another positive effect of RPC supplementation was the enhancement of serum albumin and the reduction of serum urea nitrogen levels. So, it can be suggested that RPC has a greater effect on growth performance when supplemented in low-energy diets, and RPC addition can improve meat quality. Received: 25 February 2020 Revised: 13 May 2020 Accepted: 1 September 2020
Computing velocity models for S-wave static corrections using tau-differences in the rayparameter domain

A near-surface velocity model is one of the typical products generated when computing static corrections, particularly in the processing of PP data. Critically-refracted waves are the input usually needed for this process. In addition, for the converted PS mode, S-wave near-surface corrections must be applied at the receiver locations. In this case, however, critically-refracted S-waves are difficult to identify when using P-wave energy sources. Here we use the τ -p representation of the converted-wave data to capture intercept-time differences between receiver locations. These τ -differences are then used in the inversion of a near-surface S-wave velocity model. Our processing work-flow provides not only a set of raypath-dependent S-wave static corrections but also a velocity model that is based on those corrections. Our computed near-surface S-wave velocity model can be used for building migration velocity models or to initialize elastic full waveform inversions. Our tests on synthetic and field data provided superior results to those obtained by using a surface-consistent solution.
Cultural and morphological variability in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inciting mango anthracnose

Anthracnose disease of mango causes by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz and Sacc. Is one of the most devastating pathogen in mango, which behaves differently to varied environmental conditions in their symptom developement, severity and adaptibility. So, an invitro study was conducted to know cultural and morphological variability of ten different isolates of pathogen in major mango growing districts of Karnataka. Our study was found that, among the ten isolates, numerically maximum radial growth observed in Cg-8 (88.83 mm) isolate followed by Cg-1 (88.67 mm) and least was observed in Cg7 isolate (87.17 mm). Mycelial growth pattern and pigmentation varied from circular to suppressed and white, pinkish to black respectively. Spore size also varied among the isolates, large sized spores (8.1210.41 x 2.12-3.06 μm) were observed in Cg-1isolate, while, small sized spores (5.08-7.02 x 1.97-2.52 μm) were in Cg-10 isolate. Sporulation was also varied among the isolates, excellent sporulation (++++) was found in Cg-5 and Cg-7 isolates, whereas, poor (+) was found in Cg-10 isolate.
Effect of Different Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion Grown in Sandy Soil under The New Valley Governorate Conditions

The current study was performed at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons in order to evaluate response of onion cv. Giza 6 to some organic fertilizers, i.e., cattle manure and poultry manure in addition to mineral fertilizers as control treatment. The results obtained showed that the vegetative growth characters and yield components of onion plants were significantly influenced by fertilizers kinds. Combination of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers and 25% of mineral fertilizers recorded the highest values for both vegetative growth characters and yield components, i.e., plant height, leaves number, plant fresh and dry weight, crop growth rate, bulb fresh weight, bulb diameter, bulb dry matter, marketable yield and total yield in a comparison to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons. While, the content of chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, N, P and K in onion leaves and vitamin C, sulfur volatile oil and TSS in onion bulb were increased significantly by application of poultry manure at 25% of recommended fertilizers plus 75% of mineral fertilizers compared to mineral fertilizers (control) in both seasons. It can be concluded that application of poultry manure at 75% of recommended fertilizers plus 25% of mineral fertilizers increased growth , yield and improved bulb quality of onion plants cv. Giza 6 under the New Valley Governorate conditions.
Event and seasonal hydrologic connectivity patterns in an agricultural headwater catchment

Abstract. Connectivity of the hillslope and the stream is a non-stationary and non-linear phenomenon dependent on many controls. The objective of this study is to identify these controls by examining the spatial and temporal patterns of the similarity between shallow groundwater and soil moisture dynamics and streamflow dynamics in the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL), a small (66 ha) agricultural headwater catchment in Lower Austria. We investigate the responses to 53 precipitation events and the seasonal dynamics of streamflow, groundwater and soil moisture over 2 years. The similarity, in terms of Spearman correlation coefficient, hysteresis index and peak-to-peak time, of groundwater to streamflow shows a clear spatial organization, which is best correlated with topographic position index, topographic wetness index and depth to the groundwater table. The similarity is greatest in the riparian zone and diminishes further away from the stream where the groundwater table is deeper. Soil moisture dynamics show high similarity to streamflow but no clear spatial pattern. This is reflected in a low correlation of the similarity with site characteristics. However, the similarity increases with increasing catchment wetness and rainfall duration. Groundwater connectivity to the stream on the seasonal scale is higher than that on the event scale, indicating that groundwater contributes more to the baseflow than to event runoff.
UHI Research Database pdf download summary Variability and profiles of lipophilic toxins in bivalves from Great Britain during five and a half years of monitoring: azaspiracids and yessotoxins Dhanji-Rapkova,

Cefas has been responsible for the delivery of official control biotoxin testing of bivalve molluscs from Great Britain for just over a decade. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methodology has been used for the quantitation of lipophilic toxins (LTs) since 2011. The temporal and spatial distribution of Okadaic acid group toxins and profiles in bivalves between 2011 and 2016 have been recently reported. Here we present data on the two other groups of regulated lipophilic toxins, azaspiracids (AZAs) and yessotoxins (YTXs), over the same period. The latter group has also been investigated for a potential link with Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra, both previously recognised as YTXs producing phytoplankton. On average, AZAs were quantified in 3.2% of all tested samples but notable inter-annual variation in abundance was observed. The majority of all AZA contaminated samples were found between July 2011 and August 2013 in Scotland, while only two, three-month long, AZA events were observed in 2015 and 2016 in the south-west of England. Maximum concentrations were generally reached in late summer or early autumn. Reasons for AZAs persistence during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 winters are discussed. Only one toxin profile was identified, represented by both AZA1 and AZA2 toxins at an approximate ratio of 2:1, suggesting a single microalgal species was the source of AZAs in British bivalves. Although AZA1 was always the most dominant toxin, its proportion varied between mussels, Pacific oysters and surf clams. The YTXs were the least represented group among regulated LTs. YTXs were found almost exclusively on the southwest coast of Scotland, with the exception of 2013, when the majority of contaminated samples originated from the Shetland Islands. The highest levels were recorded in the summer months and followed a spike in Protoceratium reticulatum cell densities. YTX was the most dominant toxin in shellfish, further strengthening the link to P. reticulatum as the YTX source. Neither homo-YTX, nor 45-OH homo-YTX were detected throughout the monitored period. 45-OH YTX, thought to be a shellfish metabolite associated with YTX elimination, contributed on average 26% in mussels. Although the correlation between 45-OH YTX abundance and the speed of YTX depuration could not be confirmed, we noted the halflife of YTX was more than two-times longer in queen scallops, which contained 100% YTX, than in mussels. No other bivalve species were affected by YTXs. This is the first detailed evaluation of AZAs and YTXs occurrences and their profiles in shellfish from Great Britain
Analysis of production parameters of cows in comparison with socio-economic profile of dairy farmers

The present study was undertaken during the year 2019-20 at six contact villages in Ambajogai tehsil by DRI, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ambajogai, District Beed (Maharashtra). From each village ten dairy farmers who possess more than four milch animals were selected randomly. The data regarding production and reproduction status of dairy animals and socio-economic profile of dairy farmers were collected from total 60 farmers by conducting their personal interview. The collected data analyzed through various appropriate statistical tools such as frequency, percentage and data were interpreted to get logical results and fruitful conclusion of the study. The majority of dairy farmers (56.66%) were belonged from general category followed by OBC (28.33), SC (11.66%) and ST (3.33%) category. Educational status showed that 48.33% dairy farmers were having primary education followed by illiterate (16.66%), higher secondary (11.00%) and graduate and above graduate (10%). More than half of dairy farmers (53.33%) were with medium level of experience followed by 28.33 and 18.33 per cent with low and high level of experience, respectively in dairy farming occupation. Majority of the farmers belonged to medium income group (58.33%) followed by low (31.66%) and high (10.00%). Buffalo contributed about 47.54% in total livestock population and followed by crossbred cow (32.46%) and indigenous cow (20%). The 73.33% dairy farmers followed vaccination practice in their livestock. The 8.33% dairy farmers followed de-worming practice in livestock for control of internal parasites. Only 5% dairy farmers were feeding mineral mixture regularly to dairy animals. Average per day milk production (kg) of crossbred cow, buffalo and indigenous cow were recorded 8.65, 6.87 and 3.51, respectively. The average age of first calving was recorded 47, 31 and 36 month indigenous cow, crossbred cow and buffalo, respectively. The average numbers of services required for last pregnancy were noted 1.66, 1.51 and 1.64 in indigenous cow, crossbred cow and buffalo, respectively. It is concluded that knowledge level and awareness level regarding health care management of the dairy farmers of the region was low. Hence, it is recommended to provide more extension services such as training camps, awareness camp and clinical camps by government and NGOs to dairy farmers of the Ambajogai tehsil.
The Imbert Formation of northern Hispaniola

J. Escuder-Viruete, A. Suárez-Rodríguez, J. Gabites, and A. Pérez-Estaún Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, La Calera 1, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain Pacific Centre for Isotopic and Geochemical Research, University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road Vancouver, BC V6T-1Z4, Canada Instituto Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera-CSIC, Lluís Solé Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
T lymphocytes lack rearrangement of the bcr gene in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia

To study the possible involvement of T lymphocytes in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) we analyzed the arrangement of the bcr gene in T cell and non-T cell samples of 12 CML patients. Although all the patients showed bcr rearrangements in non-T cell fractions, T cell populations lacked respective gene recombinations. Moreover, by Southern blot analyses using T cell receptor beta chain sequences our data indicate polyclonality of T cell samples from 11 of 12 cases; in one patient a clonal T cell population could be identified. These results suggest that T lineages of most Ph- positive CML patients are not derived from pluripotent stem cells involved in leukemogenesis and thus confirm previous investigations based on cytogenetic or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase analyses. The demonstration of polyclonal T cell populations may reflect persistence of stem cells committed to differentiate only into T cells.
Thermal expansion of a protein.

: The thermal expansion of a protein, metmyoglobin, was investigated by analysis of the refined X-ray crystal structures at 80 and 255-300 K. On heating from 80 to 300 K, the volume occupied by myoglobin increases by approximately 3%. The linear thermal expansion coefficient is estimated to be 115 X 10(-6) K-1. This value is more than twice as large as that of liquid water but less than that of benzene. As the temperature is raised, the internal volume change does not come from the large, atom-sized internal cavities in the structure but from an increase in the small, subatomic free volumes between atoms. The largest expansion occurs in the region of the CD and GH corners; both these regions move away from the center of the protein. The remainder of the expansion results from the lengthening of contacts between segments of secondary structure.
The effect of external debt on long run economic growth in developing economies: Evidence from heterogeneous panel data models with cross sectional dependency

In this paper, we attempt to empirically investigate the impact of foreign debt growth and inflation on long-run economic growth in 35 developing economies over the period 1987-2017. Taking into account heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence that may present in our panels, we employ cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) and crosssectional augmented distributed lag (CS-DL) estimators as well as the traditional panel data estimators such as the dynamic fixed effect (DFE), mean group (MG), and pooled mean group (PMG) estimators. The empirical evidence provided by selected estimators suggests the deteriorating effects of both external debt and inflation on long-run economic growth in the selected countries for the study period. Overall, our analyses provide tentative policy implications for developing economies for managing foreign borrowing and, if necessary, discouraging excessive external borrowing of both the private and public sectors.