Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Student-ChatGPT Dialogue in EFL Writing Education

The integration of generative AI in education is expanding, yet empirical analyses of large-scale and real-world interactions between students and AI systems still remain limited. Addressing this gap, we present RECIPE4U (RECIPE for University), a dataset sourced from a semester-long experiment with 213 college students in English as Foreign Language (EFL) writing courses. During the study, students engaged in dialogues with ChatGPT to revise their essays. RECIPE4U includes comprehensive records of these interactions, including conversation logs, students’ intent, students’ self-rated satisfaction, and students’ essay edit histories. In particular, we annotate the students’ utterances in RECIPE4U with 13 intention labels based on our coding schemes. We establish baseline results for two subtasks in task-oriented dialogue systems within educational contexts: intent detection and satisfaction estimation. As a foundational step, we explore student-ChatGPT interaction patterns through RECIPE4U and analyze them by focusing on students’ dialogue and students’ essay edits. We further illustrate potential applications of RECIPE4U dataset for enhancing the incorporation of LLMs in educational frameworks. RECIPE4U is publicly available at https://github.com/zeunie/RECIPE4U/ .
EVALUATING THE LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT FOR ROTATOR CUFF TEARS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background: Rotator cuff tears are a common shoulder injury, affecting a broad range of age groups, with origins varying from lifestyle-related activities to degenerative changes. This study evaluates the long-term functional outcomes of non-operative treatment in patients with rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methods: Conducted as a prospective observational study, the participant demographic was varied. It included young adults (20-40 years) who made up 20% of the sample, predominantly experiencing sports or activity-related injuries. Middle-aged adults (41-60 years), accounting for 40%, likely faced age-related degenerative changes. The older adult group (over 60 years) also constituted 40%, suggesting the impact of cumulative wear and tear. The study observed a slight male predominance (55% male, 45% female), which may indicate either a higher incidence of rotator cuff injuries in men or differences in seeking medical care based on gender. Result: The severity of pain among participants varied, with 25% experiencing mild pain, 50% moderate, and 25% severe. Functional limitations mirrored this distribution, with 30% mild, 45% moderate, and 25% severe, indicating the varied impact on daily activities. The prevalence of partial tears (60%) was higher than full-thickness tears (40%). Additionally, the presence of comorbid conditions was noteworthy, with 40% of patients having no comorbidities, 35% with one, and 25% with multiple, underscoring the importance of considering overall health in managing rotator cuff tears. Conclusion: The study highlights the diverse demographic and clinical profiles of patients with rotator cuff tears, the varying degrees of pain and functional limitations, and the significant role of comorbidities. These findings are essential for tailoring individualized, non-operative treatment approaches.
Sustainable Tourism for Local and Regional Development in South Africa: Unlocking Economic Potential Through Responsible Tourism Strategies

This article explores the significance of promoting sustainable tourism to stimulate local and regional development in South Africa, focusing on unlocking economic potential through responsible tourism strategies. South Africa’s abundant natural and cultural resources attract many tourists, offering economic growth and development opportunities. However, unsustainable tourism practices have the potential to degrade the environment, exploit local communities, and compromise the long-term viability of the industry. The importance of involving local communities in the tourism value chain, empowering them to participate and benefit from tourism activities actively, is highlighted in this article. The research findings from the study – on which this article is based – indicate that community-based tourism initiatives can contribute to poverty alleviation, skills development
Beet sugar wastewater treatment in a hybrid biological reactor: operational optimization and kinetic coefficients calculation

The lab-scale treatment of strong beet sugar wastewater was carried out with a combination of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and upflow sludge blanket filtration (USBF). The hybrid bioreactor was filled (35% of volume) with industrial packings made of polyethylene with an effective surface area of 480 m 2 /m 3 to provide the necessary surface for biofilm growth. The effect of various operating conditions, including hydraulic retention time (HRT = 12-20 hr), biomass concentration (6000 – 8000 mg/L), and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) (3000-5000 mg/L) level, were assessed on the overall COD removal efficiency using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were an HRT = 20 hr, biomass concentration = 8000 mg/L, an initial COD = 3000 mg/L, and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.6 kg COD/m 3 . day under which the COD removal efficiency was 98%. The modified Stover – Kincannon model was applied to predict the biokinetic coefficients for COD removal; the saturation constant ( K B ) and the maximum total substrate utilization rate ( U max ) were in the range 58-101.6 and 57.5-97 as g/L.day, respectively. The results revealed that raising HRT or biomass concentration promoted COD removal while increasing the initial COD deteriorated the removal performance.
Chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter in relation with hydrography in the Arctic Ocean

ii Acknowledgements . iv Table of Content. v List of figures and tables . vii List of Abbreviations and Symbols . ix Chapter 1. The chemical nature of dissolved organic matter and its current situation in the Arctic Ocean . 1 1.
eCommons@AKU eCommons@AKU

Background: There are approximately 140 million orphaned and separated children (OSCA) around the world. In Kenya, many of these children live with extended family while others live in institutions. Despite evidence that orphans are less likely to be enrolled in school than non-orphans, there is little evidence regarding the role of care environment. This evidence is vital for designing programs and policies that promote access to education for orphans, which is not only their human right but also an important social determinant of health. The purpose of this study was to compare educational attainment among OSCA living in Charitable Children’s Institutions and family-based settings in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Methods: This study analyses follow up data from a cohort of OSCA living in 300 randomly selected households and 17 institutions. We used Poisson regression to estimate the effect of care environment on primary school completion among participants age ≥ 14 as well as full and partial secondary school completion among participants age ≥ 18. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a bootstrap method with 1000 replications. Results: The analysis included 1406 participants (495 from institutions, 911 from family-based settings). At baseline, 50% were female, the average age was 9.5 years, 54% were double orphans, and 3% were HIV-positive. At follow-up, 76% of participants age ≥ 14 had completed primary school and 32% of participants age ≥ 18 had completed secondary school. Children living in institutions were significantly more likely to complete primary school (aRR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.28) and at least 1 year of secondary school (aRR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18–1.39) than children in family-based settings. Children living in institutions were less likely to have completed all 4 years secondary school (aRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.43–1.18) than children in family-based settings. Conclusion: Children living in institutional environments were more likely to complete primary school and some secondary school than children living in family-based care. Further support is needed for all orphans to improve primary and secondary school completion. Policies that require orphans to leave institution environments upon their eighteenth birthday may be preventing these youth from completing secondary school.
MORPHOMETRY STUDY OF CADAVERIC SPLEEN

Background: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ located in the left hypochondrium between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm where it is entirely covered by the inferior thoracic rib cage. It extends from the 9th–11th ribs on the left side with its long axis runs parallel to the 10th rib. Its shape is ovoid-like with a convex outer diaphragmatic surface and an indented inner visceral surface related to the stomach, left kidney, pancreatic tail, left suprarenal gland and left colic flexure. The apex lies in line with the spine of the 10th thoracic vertebra about 4 cm from the midline and the base does not descend beyond the midaxillary line. The literature revealed that spleen dimensions are affected by geographical differences, races, nutritional status and anthropometric measurements. In clinical practice, palpation is commonly used to detect spleen enlargement. Materials and Methods: The present study conducted with total 52 human adult cadaveric spleen of both sexes were included. In our present study we studied for the following parameters of spleen. We have recorded spleen shapes and percentage of different shapes. Weight, Length, thickness and width of the spleen were of the spleen were recorded. Notches on the superior and inferior borders were studied. Result: In present study we have noted the different shapes of spleens, that includes wedge shaped, triangular, oval, tetrahedral, heart shaped, semi lunar and irregular. Average weight around 375g. Average length of the spleen was 9.76cm. Average breadth of the spleen was 7.12cm and average thickness was 3.04cm. We have carefully observed the all borders of spleen for splenic notches, most of the spleens presenting notches on superior border and also rarely on inferior border. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the morphometric measurements of spleen may be helpful to access splenomegaly cases and phathogical changes in spleen, which are helpful in surgery practice.
Enhancing antidepressant safety surveillance: comparative analysis of adverse drug reaction signals in spontaneous reporting and healthcare claims databases

Background/Objective: Spontaneous reporting systems (SRS) such as the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) are limited in their ability to detect adverse drug reaction (ADR) signals due to their limited data on drug use. Conversely, the national health insurance claim (NHIC) data include drug use information for all qualifying residents. This study aimed to compare ADR signal profiles for antidepressants between KAERS and NHIC, evaluating the extent to which detected signals belong to common ADRs and labeling information. Materials and Methods: ADR signal detection in KAERS and NHIC databases, spanning January to December 2017, employed disproportionality analysis. Signal classes were determined based on System Organ Class (SOC) of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Also, Common ADR Coverage (CAC), the proportion of detected signals deemed common ADRs, and labeling information coverage (LIC) represented by mean average precision (mAP) were calculated. Additionally, protopathic bias and relative risk (RR) evaluation were performed to check for signal robustness. Results: Signal detection revealed 51 and 62 signals in KAERS and NHIC databases, respectively. Both systems predominantly captured signals related to nervous system disorders, comprising 33.3% (N = 17) in KAERS and 50.8% (N = 31) in NHIC. Regarding the type of antidepressants, KAERS predominantly reported signals associated with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (N = 21, 41.2%), while NHIC produced most signals linked to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (N = 22, 35.5%). KAERS exhibited higher CAC (68.63% vs. 29.03%) than NHIC. LIC was also higher in KAERS than in NHIC (mAP for EB05: 1.00 vs. 0.983); i.e., NHIC identified 5 signals not documented in drug labeling information, while KAERS found none. Among the unlabeled signals, one (Duloxetine-Myelopathy) was from protopathic bias, and two (duloxetine-myelopathy and tianeptine-osteomalacia) were statistically significant in RR. Conclusion: NHIC exhibited greater capability in detecting ADR signals associated with antidepressant use, encompassing unlabeled ADR signals, compared to KAERS. NHIC also demonstrated greater potential for identifying less common ADRs. Further investigation is needed for signals detected exclusively in NHIC but not covered by labeling information. This study underscores the value of integrating different sources of data, offering substantial regulatory insights and enriching the scope of pharmacovigilance.
Music Therapy in Acute Stroke

Objectives: This study aims to explore the potential benefits of adding music therapy to traditional treatment methods for post-acute stroke patients. The primary outcomes focused on were mood stabilization, recovery of cognitive skills and functions, and reduction of anxiety. Methods: The research was carried out in the Neurology Department of Gebze Fatih State Hospital. A group of volunteer patients aged 18-80, diagnosed with acute stroke, participated. The participants were divided into a music therapy group and a control group, with 20 patients in each. They were hospitalized for approximately seven days. The music therapy group underwent a varied auditory regimen, including Turkish art, pop, and acoustic music, as well as foreign easy listening and classical music, for four hours daily. Assessments before discharge included the Beck tests for anxiety and depression, the MOCA for cognitive evaluation, and NIHSS score recordings at admission and discharge. The Modified Rankin Score was also recorded before discharge. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 25). Results: The comparative analysis showed no significant effect of music therapy on depression, anxiety, or MOCA test scores in acute stroke patients before discharge. Notably, lower Beck depression scores correlated with patients who had lower NIHSS scores at both admission and discharge (p=0.011 and p=0.007, respectively). Moreover, patients with minor strokes displayed significantly higher musically-evoked emotional responses (e.g., joy, sadness, motivation) compared to those with moderate strokes (p=0.011). Conclusion: Acute stroke patients with lower NIHSS scores may benefit most from passive music therapy during their hospital stay. This highlights the subtle role of music therapy, suggesting its potential effectiveness might depend on the severity of the stroke.
Adoption of footprint methods for the quality control of eddy-covariance measurements

The adoption of the eddy covariance technique to estimate surface exchange is based on the assumption that certain meteorological conditions are valid. The most important of these are horizontal homogeneity, steadystate, and non-advective conditions. Since such conditions are often violated under complex terrain conditions, e.g. at flux monitoring sites over forests, this study aims to evaluate the influence of surface heterogeneity to permit a correct interpretation of the measurement results. Quality assessment tools for eddy covariance measurements have been combined with footprint modelling. This makes it possible to define the spatial context of the fluxes, and to include land use features of the surrounding terrain in the analysis. The quality of the flux data for different wind sectors and varying meteorological conditions is also determined, so that the most suitable situations for the collection of high-quality data sets can be identified. Additionally, the flux contribution of the different land use types present in the footprint area is calculated. The results are presented as two-dimensional graphs, which show the spatial distribution of the quality of different fluxes. These graphs identify terrain influences affecting the flux data quality. The evaluation is especially useful for checking to what extent the measured fluxes at a site are representative of a specific type of land use.
The Effect of Applying Problem-Based Learning Model on Students’ Critical Thinking Ability Science Subjects in Grade V Elementary School

One of the problems faced by elementary school students is the difficulty of mastering the subject matter being taught. Efforts to increase mastery of the material were carried out by teachers, among others, by applying various varied learning models. The Problem Based Learning model is a learning model that is able to hone students' critical thinking. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the Problem Based Learning model on science learning content on the critical thinking abilities. This study uses a quantitative approach to the experimental method. This research was conducted at elementary students using grade V as the research target for treatment by the Problem Based Learning learning model. The data analysis used was the t-test for sample correlation ratio data with the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs test analysis. The problem-based learning model to improve the critical thinking skills of science grade V elementary school students has a positive and significant effect. The results of this study conclude that hypothesis 1 (h1) is accepted. This shows that the Problem Based Learning model influences students' critical thinking ability, where students' critical thinking ability increase after being applied to a given subject.
Searching for the Enslaved in the “Cradle of Democracy”: Virginia’s James River Plantation Websites and the Reproduction of Local Histories

The websites of plantation museums along Virginia’s James River promise visitors unique experiences based on their place within this region’s history. Previous studies of plantation websites note that the enslaved are marginalized in promotional materials featuring romanticized stories of plantation owners or the mansion’s architectural significance. Such research, however, seldom places plantation websites in the context of specific local histories. As sites of local learning, these museums assert particular ways of knowing the past that reinforce exclusionary local and regional identities. Writing enslaved African Americans out of materials promoting these commemorative landscapes makes it possible for consumers of these sites to conclude that Black lives do not belong in the James River region’s past or present. To more fully assess how the enslaved are present or absent in promotional historical narratives, we perform content and discourse analyses of twenty-seven James River plantation websites. In so doing, we determine how these plantations deploy local histories to distinguish themselves and whether, in their selective appropriation of the region’s past, they detach themselves from local histories of the enslaved.
Seed Priming by Low-Dose Radiation Improves Growth of Lactuca sativa and Valerianella locusta

Valerian salad and lettuce are edible species that are easy to grow rapidly, and have traits useful for commercial purposes. The consumption of these species is increasing worldwide for their nutritional properties. Seed germination and seedling development are critical stages in the life cycle of plants. Seed priming, including the use of high-energy radiation, is a set of techniques based on the idea that low stress levels stimulate plant responses, thereby improving seed germination and plant growth. In this study, we evaluated in hydroponic culture (i) the germination performance; (ii) morphological traits; and (iii) antioxidant and phenol contents at different endpoints in Lactuca sativa and Valerianella locusta that were developed from seeds exposed to X-rays (1 Gy and 10 Gy doses). Under radiation, biomass production increased in both species, especially in lettuce, where also a reduction in the mean germination time occurred. Radiation increased the level of phenols during the first growth weeks, under both doses for lettuce, and only 1 Gy was required for valerian salad. The species-specific responses observed in this research suggest that the use of radiations in seed priming needs to be customized to the species.
Experimental Investigation on the Rehabilitation of RC Flat Slabs Using CFRP Sheets to Enhance Punching Shear Capacity

In this paper, the feasibility of strengthening a flat column–slab connection within the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been investigated through experimental study. The experimental program includes a set of nine reinforced concrete flat slab specimens. Three unaltered specimens served as control slabs, while an additional six samples were strengthened with various CFRP configurations to enhance their shear capacity. The strain distribution, ductility, punching shear resistance, stiffness, and crack formation were studied. The result of experimental studies showed that in the direct method of strengthening in which two layers of unidirectional CFRP sheets were employed in two opposite directions, the ultimate punching shear resistance improved by 64%, 44.7%, and 15.3%, with respect to the location of the column connection, as compared with the control specimens. In the case of using one layer of unidirectional CFRP strips, the punching shear resistance was enhanced by approximately 16% and 39%, considering the configuration of CFRP sheets and the amount of strengthened and adhesive layers used. Following the outcomes of this research, the application of CFRPs in improving the resistance capacity of flat slabs against the punching shear is considerable. The reported outcomes were compared with the latest provisions of ACI to show the efficiency of the presented strengthening. Finally, a parametric study was performed assuming different loading locations to assess the effect of the loading region on the response of RC slabs. Results indicate that approaching the loading location toward the RC slab supports results of an increase in the load-bearing capacity and a reduction in the ductility of the RC slab.
Effect of Training and Career Development on Motivation and Employee Performance

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of Training and Career Development on Employee Motivation and Performance at Airnav Indonesia Manado Branch Office. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all functional employees of AirNav Indonesia Manado Branch Office. The data collection technique is by distributing questionnaires, while secondary data is collected through literature study after reading various literature. The data analysis technique uses the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) method with the help of SmartPLS software version 4. The findings of this study reveal that Training and Career Development has a positive and significant effect on motivation. Training and Motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, whereas Career Development has no effect on Employee Performance. Meanwhile Motivation can mediates the effect of training and career development on employee performance.