Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral delivery of protein antigens to Atlantic salmon

During recent years, the use of functional ingredients in aquaculture industry has increased dramatically. Accordingly, there are a broad range of functional feeds available for use in fish farming. As a result, there is ongoing research which focuses on developing oral delivery systems for fish. Variety of products can be incorporated into alginate matrices to avoid damage from the low pH and proteolytic enzymes encountered in the digestive tract of fish. However, there has been very little research reported on the effectiveness of those oral delivery systems with respect to performance within fish feed and fish. Furthermore, the reported particle sizes used within alginate delivery systems require further reduction to be suitable for effective association within feed pellets. Additionally, it is essential that active compounds are released at the right place in fish. In this study, encapsulation technology capable of providing an economical and high throughput method for producing fine alginate beads (≤10 µm) was assessed. Post-coating examination with the micro-tomography (micro-CT) equipment confirmed the presence of alginate particles inside the pellet in large numbers. According to our observations in an enzyme assay, the active compounds are released at the most favourable site in Atlantic salmon which is the distal intestine. There is also evidence to suggest that alginateencapsulated protein antigens when released in the intestine are capable of crossing the intestinal epithelial layer. Similarly, in the assessment of intraperitoneal priming/oral boosting strategy against infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), alginate-encapsulated IPN antigens boosted immune response in salmon. This could be seen in significant up-regulation of relevant genes measured by quantitative PCR and specific antibody response detected in an ELISA assay. The results of these investigative studies significantly improve understanding of the issues regarding incorporation of delivery systems into fish feed in the current manufacturing process leading to a novel approach for functionalizing fish feed.
Working Paper Series

This paper proposes a theoretical and quantitative analysis of the reallocation of labor across firms in response to idiosyncratic shocks of different persistence. Creating and destroying jobs is costly and workers are paid a share of the value of the marginal worker. The model predicts that employment and labor costs react differently to transitory shocks and permanent shocks. Quantitative evaluation of the model on a panel of French firms shows the model’s performance. Modest adjustment costs are needed to reproduce observed job reallocation and inaction rates. Removing adjustment costs leads to productivity gains of 1% at the steady state. These gains are 50% larger in a economy with only transitory shocks and an order of magnitude lower in an economy with only permanent shocks. Bargaining dampens the reallocation of labor across firms, leading to larger efficiency losses from adjustment costs. JEL Codes: E24, J21, J23
Legal Marketing: Proposing an Operational Definition

Legal marketing is a phenomenon that has been part of the daily lives of many legal professionals and institutions around the world. However, there is a profound lack of scientifically based knowledge to guide and guide actions in this direction, avoiding, for example, the confusion between legal marketing and advertising for attorney services. This study aimed to present a proposal for an operational definition for legal marketing based on contemporary state of the art. The results showed that legal marketing is a process composed of four stages, each structured around specific constructs and their respective forms of measurement, which allow both legal professionals and their institutions to elaborate their actions differently, if for the legal marketing, if for the marketing of your services, attorney marketing. The conclusion shows that legal marketing can be operated from 15 constructs and 37 measurement methods. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 08-07-2020 Date of Acceptance: 23-07-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Securities Laws, Bank Monitoring, and the Choice between Cov-Lite Loans and Bonds for Highly Levered

In contrast to bonds, cov-lite loans do not require SEC registration and are not subject to securities laws. We show that this distinction plays an important role in firms’ choice between funding through cov-lite loans and bonds and helps understand why the market share of cov-lite loans has been so high in recent normal times. Compared to cov-heavy loans, cov-lite loans are closer substitutes for bonds in that they have similar covenants, have tighter bid-ask spreads, have more trading, and are more likely to be used to refinance bonds than cov-heavy loans.
The mediating role of institutions in the remittance-growth relationship: Evidence from Nigeria

This study examines the mediating role of institutions in the remittance- growth relationship in Nigeria. We use autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation to establish the interaction of the variables of interest. The short-run results reveal that remittance inflows positively influence growth, probably due to the immediate injection of financial resources that an increase in remittances brings about. This effect is reinforced by improvements in regulatory quality. In contrast the long-run results reveal that, over time, remittance inflows are negatively related to growth probably due to adverse macroeconomic consequences, to a decrease in work incentives, and a decline in the motivation for technological innovation. However, the adoption of improved institutional environment is found to offset the negative long-run effect of remittances on growth, at least to some extent. Therefore, remittance receiving countries should improve the design and enforcement of laws, regulatory quality, and control over corruption, so that they can make best use of remittance inflows and other sources of external financing needed to augment domestic productivity and growth.
NEW CONSTRUCTIONS OF CIRCULANT AND INVOLUTORY MDS MATRICES

Circulant MDS matrices are important, not only as a topic in coding theory but also due to their cryptographic applications, particularly in the design of hash functions and block ciphers. In this letter, we propose a new construction of circulant MDS matrices from double-circulant codes over ﬁnite ﬁelds. As a consequence, we explicitly construct circulant involutory MDS matrices over ﬁnite ﬁelds of odd size.
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND GRIT AMONG CRIMINALS AND NON-CRIMINALS

Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2019 Page 1 ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess and compare the pro-social behavior and grit among criminals and non criminals. Convicted criminal inmates from a jail situated at New Delhi, India were taken as population for criminals and non-criminals were also taken from the same region of New Delhi. From the selected population of criminals and non-criminals, two samples of 50 criminals and 50 non-criminals were taken by using purposive sampling technique. Selected subjects were tested for their tendencies of pro-social behavior and Grit by using questionnaire method. Collected data was analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Finding of research revealed that there was positive but insignificant relationship between the psychosocial tendencies of Pro-social Behavior and Grit among criminals and non-criminals.
Influence of Infant Feeding on Dental Development -A Literature Review

Infant feeding has been known to influence the development of the dental arches as well as occlusion. Breast feeding and bottlefeeding may alter the orofacial environment and have varying effect on oral musculature function. Subsequently this may impact the craniofacial and dental development. Whilst breast feeding is known to have an overall positive effect on the oro-facial complex, bottle feeding negatively impacts the oral architecture. However, the current literature on the subject has some shortcomings. Thus, the purpose of this review was to analyze the existing scientific literature to determine the influence of breast feeding and bottle feeding on dental development. Issues with the evidence on the subject have been highlighted and the mechanics and process of feeding have been discussed.
A Formal Approach to Prove Compatibility in Transformation Networks

The increasing complexity of software and cyberphysical systems is handled by dividing the description of the system under construction into different models or views, each with an appropriate abstraction for the needs of specific roles. Since all such models describe the same system, they usually share an overlap of information, which can lead to inconsistencies if overlapping information is not modified uniformly in all models. A well-researched approach to make these overlaps explicit and resolve inconsistencies are incremental, bidirectional model transformations. They specify the constraints between two metamodels and the restoration of consistency between their instances. Relating more than two metamodels can be achieved by combining bidirectional transformations to a network. However, such a network may contain cycles of transformations, whose consistency constraints can be contradictory if they are not aligned with each other and thus cannot be fulfilled at the same time. Such transformations are considered incompatible. In this article, we provide a formal definition of consistency and compatibility of transformations and propose an inductive approach to prove compatibility of a given network of transformations. We prove correctness of the approach based on these formal definitions. Furthermore, we present an operationalization of the approach at the example of QVT-R. It detects contradictions between relations by transforming them into first-order logic formulae and evaluating them with an SMT solver. The approach operates conservatively, i.e., it is not able to prove compatibility in all cases, but it identifies transformations as compatible only if they actually are. We applied the approach to different evaluation networks and found that it operates conservatively and is able to properly prove compatibility in 80% of the cases, indicating its practical applicability. Its limitations especially arise from restricted capabilities of the used SMT solver, but not from conceptual shortcomings. Our approach enables multiple domain experts to define transformations independently and to check their compatibility when combining them to a network, relieving them from the necessity to align the transformations with each other a priori and to ensure compatibility manually
Jaudete Daltio Views over Graph Databases: A Multifocus Approach for Heterogeneous Data Visões em Bancos de Dados de Grafos: Uma Abordagem Multifoco para Dados Heterogêneos

Scienti c research has become data-intensive and data-dependent. This new research paradigm requires sophisticated computer science techniques and technologies to support the life cycle of scienti c data and collaboration among scientists from distinct areas. A major requirement is that researchers working in data-intensive interdisciplinary teams demand construction of multiple perspectives of the world, built over the same datasets. Present solutions cover a wide range of aspects, from the design of interoperability standards to the use of non-relational database management systems. None of these e orts, however, adequately meet the needs of multiple perspectives, which are called foci in the thesis. Basically, a focus is designed/built to cater to a research group (even within a single project) that needs to deal with a subset of data of interest, under multiple aggregation/generalization levels. The de nition and creation of a focus are complex tasks that require mechanisms and engines to manipulate multiple representations of the same real world phenomenon. This PhD research aims to provide multiple foci over heterogeneous data. To meet this challenge, we deal with four research problems. The rst two were (1) choosing an appropriate data management paradigm; and (2) eliciting multifocus requirements. Our work towards solving these problems made us choose graph databases to answer (1) and the concept of views in relational databases for (2). However, there is no consensual data model for graph databases and views are seldom discussed in this context. Thus, research problems (3) and (4) are: (3) specifying an adequate graph data model and (4) de ning a framework to handle views on graph databases. Our research in these problems results in the main contributions of this thesis: (i) to present the case for the use of graph databases in multifocus research as persistence layer a schemaless and relationship driven type of database that provides a full understanding of data connections; (ii) to de ne views for graph databases to support the need for multiple foci, considering graph data manipulation, graph algorithms and traversal tasks; (iii) to propose a property graph data model (PGDM) to ll the gap of absence of a fulledged data model for graphs; (iv) to specify and implement a framework, named Graph-Kaleidoscope, that supports views over graph databases and (v) to validate our framework for real world applications in two domains biodiversity and environmental resources typical examples of multidisciplinary research that involve the analysis of interactions of phenomena using heterogeneous data.
SOME BINOMIAL IDENTITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE GENERALIZED NATURAL NUMBER SEQUENCE

i=1 U2i−1 = U 2 n, which bears a close resemblance to ∑n i=1(2i − 1) = n . For this reason we may regard Un a generalization of the natural numbers. As in the case of Fibonacci-Lucas sequences, we define the associated sequence {Vn} as V0 = 2, V1 = p, Vn = pVn−1 − Vn−2, n ≥ 2. Of particular interest is the case of p = 3, in which we find Un = F2n and Vn = L2n. In this short note, we study two types of summations: n
The Use of Modal Verbs in the 2016 Manifesto of the National Democratic Congress Party in Ghana: A Semantic Investigation

Political party manifestos are the key policy statements of political parties in an election. Manifestos have become a key feature of Ghana‟s democratic process since the re-introduction of democratic governance in 1992. Therefore, like elsewhere in the world, manifestos remain vital ingredients for participatory, transparent and accountable governance. Party manifestos are tools for holding political parties to account during their terms in office and therefore very impressive tool for development. This study looks at the semantic value of modal verbs in the 2016 manifesto of the National Democratic Party (NDC) and demonstrates invariably that modal verbs have the potentiality to revealvivacious meanings of the nature of political discourse. This study is designed within the framework of qualitative research methodology. Content analysis is employed for this study because it is interpretive, involving a close reading of text. The analysis reveals that modal verbs are used predominantly in the manifesto to give the message a sense of intention, promise, obligation and necessity in a conscious and strategic manner to convince the electorate.
The syndication of venture capital investments in Europe: evidence from five European countries

Financial theory, resource-based theory and deal flow generation are used to explain syndication practices among venture capitalists in Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. Similar motives drive syndication in the five countries: the desire to share risk and increase portfolio diversification is more important than the desire to access additional intangible resources or deal flow. When resource-based motives are more important, however, the propensity to syndicate increases. Syndication practices are more important in young venture capital (VC) firms and in VC firms with more portfolio companies.
Teacher Noticing of Primary Students’ Mathematical Reasoning in a Problem-solving Task

Mathematical reasoning is a key proficiency in mathematics, however primary school teachers may have trouble noticing students’ mathematical reasoning mid-lesson. In this study, students’ mathematical reasoning has been analysed using video data collected as one grade of Year 5 and 6 students worked through the ‘Painted Cube’ task. Analysis reveals that students displayed a range of sophistication of mathematical reasoning. An ecological analysis of what student reasoning actions were visible to the teacher mid-lesson suggests that many of these actions were too subtle to be picked up by the teacher. Introduction
On the Energy-Mass and Energy-Charge Equivalences

As the energies associated with charge and mass particles are finite, they cannot originate from point like entities. This leads us to present the following conjecture: “The smallest unit of charge or mass should possess a physical boundary and cannot originate from point like entities. At this boundary, the scalar-potential (φ) becomes the limiting value, set by the Planck scale”. Using this new conjecture, we can derive a general proof for both energy-mass and energycharge equivalences (E = mc and E = qVplanck respectively) and derive their relativistic energy-momentum, relativistic-energy and relativistic-momentum relations. The results are in accordance with special relativity. We then discuss the non-covariance nature of the present classical electrodynamics and show how our work makes it a fully covariant theorem with the rest of the classical electrodynamics.
Macroeconomic Risks Across the Globe Due to the Spanish Flu

We characterise the distribution of expected GDP growth during the Great Influenza Pandemic (known also as Spanish Flu) using a non-linear method in a country panel setting. We show that there are non-negligible risks of large GDP losses with the 5% left tail of the distribution suggesting a drop in the typical country's real per capita GDP equal to 29.1% in 1918, 10.9% in 1919 and 3.6% in 1920. Moreover, the fall in per capita GDP after the Spanish FLu was on average particularly large in low-income countries. Particularly, the size of the GDP drop in the lower tail of the distributions is high for higher income countries and immense for lower income countries. As for the United States, the estimated size of the recession in the lower tail of the distribution following the Spanish Flu is not negligible. JEL Classification: E3, I0
Economic impact and inequalities in diabetes in South Africa

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Habitat segregation in a water boatman (Corixidae) assemblage - the role of predation

The abundance and spatial distribution of the coexisting species Glaenocorisa propinqua, Sigara distincta and S. scotti were studied in the field under two different conditions of predation; (1) without any fish predation and (2) with predation by the roach (Rutilus rutilus). When predators were absent, larvae and adults of all three corixid species differed in habitat use; S. scotti used the shallowest most in-shore habitat and G. propinqua the deepest habitat farthest from the shore. S. distincta used an intermediate habitat in regard to both depth and distance from shore. Ten days after introduction of roach, G. propinqua, the most abundant species, went extinct. This species had the most exposed habitat and hunting behaviour. After a few months, S. distincta was the only corixid species remaining in the lake, and it was much reduced in abundance and found only in the in-shore habitat formerly occupied by S. scotti. The three species have partly overlapping but different habitats, which indicates a habitat partitioning between them.
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences

To examine the validity of a newly established “three-odor detection (TOD)” procedure using one of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), limonene, food-restricted male mice were used. Five animals each were assigned to either TOD or single-odor detection (SOD). TOD was composed of two trainings and one test (TEST) session. Mice were trained to discriminate an odor of coffee from no odor and odors of coffee and cheese from no odor in trainings 1 and 2, respectively. In TEST, mice were required to discriminate odors of coffee, cheese, and limonene from no odor. In SOD, mice were required to discriminate an odor of limonene from no odor. Each training or test was conducted once a day until animals achieved a learning criterion (75% correct response rate for 2 consecutive days), or until a maximum number of sessions (20 sessions) was completed. The number of sessions for reaching the learning criterion of animals in TEST (8.2 ± 0.8) was smaller than that of animals in SOD (19.2 ± 0.8). Results indicated that mice in TOD detected low levels of VOCs more rapidly than animals in SOD. I concluded that TOD is a useful procedure for detecting low levels of VOCs.
Phylogeography and systematics of Pyramidula (Pulmonata: Pyramidulidae) in the eastern Alps: still a taxonomic challenge

The rock-dwelling land snail Pyramidula pusilla was analysed genetically and morphologically with an emphasis on its eastern Alpine distributional area. Genetic variation and phylogeographic patterns were inferred by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene sequences (650 bp), while shell variability was investigated by shell measurements and landmark analyses. The phylogenetic analyses revealed two clades in Austria (clades 3 and 4), of which one also contained individuals from Turkey. Other samples originating from the Balkan region (Albania, Greece) and Turkey were well separated in the tree, forming two distinct sister clades (clades 1 and 2). Concerning clades 3 and 4 there is no clear geographical pattern and both clades cooccur at several (11) sites; the same is true for clades 1 and 2. There are also morphological differences between clades: clades 1 and 2 differ from the other clades in size as well as shape, whereas clade 3 differs from clade 4 only in size. Considering all results combined, they imply that the samples analysed might actually represent more than one species and that, contrary to former assumptions, two species of Pyramidula may occur within the eastern Alps. However, comprehensive taxonomic conclusions cannot yet be drawn, for reasons connected with insufficiently justified species assignment: (1) high morphological variation within clades, (2) lack of clear diagnostic information in original descriptions, causing a lack of reliable distributional data and (3) lack of data over the whole distributional range of the genus. Analyses of ncDNA (e.g. microsatellites) to quantify the extent of gene flow, as well as breeding experiments between different clades, could help to clarify the delimitation of species. Despite these taxonomic uncertainties, the results provide insights on Pyramidula within the eastern Alpine region, suggesting that it survived the Pleistocene oscillations without dramatic bottlenecks and is capable of fast expansion to (re)populate formerly glaciated areas.