Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Goodness-of-Fit Testing Under Gaussian Models

recent developments that move away from hypothesis tests toward model selection and maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and approximate Bayesian inference of parameters are absent. Although these topics are fairly new to population genetics, empirical investigators who wish to answer the question posed in the Preface—“given a collection of DNA sequences, what underlying forces are responsible for the observed patterns of variability? ”—would be interested to know about them. Finally, although examples are used effectively to describe individual methods, some synthesis that connects several techniques to the same example dataset would help empirical population geneticists design analyses of their own data. Despite these limitations, if used in conjunction with texts that state results in broader biological context, this book would be helpful to those with a mathematical or statistical background who are encountering the subject for the  rst time. The book is more theoretical than most books in the area, and because it is more modern than related classics, such as those by Crow and Kimura (1970) and Ewens (1979), it will be an informative reference for researchers in the  eld.
IndiHome Customer Loyalty in Bandung: Service Quality and Price

This study aimed to determine the loyalty of IndiHome customers in the city of Bandung in terms of service quality and price. This research can be categorized as explanatory research using survey research designs. The data were collected by survey method on 400 IndiHome customers in Bandung. In measuring the items representing the constructs on a model, this study used multiple linear regression analysis with Cronbach’s alpha for reliability and product-moment correlation for validity. The results showed that service quality and price significantly increased IndiHome customer loyalty in Bandung. This research implies that the company's quality of service and price are considered good. Still, management needs to be more disciplined and provide direction to employees to be faster and more responsive in serving and handling customer complaints better, especially regarding the timeliness of delivery. So, the company can deal with disruptions to compete and survive in the same industry.
Overcoming Data Availability Attacks in Blockchain Systems: Short Code-Length LDPC Code Design for Coded Merkle Tree

Light nodes in blockchains improve the scalability of the system by storing a small portion of the blockchain ledger. In certain blockchains, light nodes are vulnerable to a data availability (DA) attack where a malicious node makes the light nodes accept an invalid block by hiding the invalid portion of the block from the nodes in the system. Recently, a technique based on LDPC codes called Coded Merkle Tree (CMT) was proposed by Yu et al. that enables light nodes to detect a DA attack by randomly requesting/sampling portions of the block from the malicious node. However, light nodes fail to detect a DA attack with high probability if a malicious node hides a small stopping set of the LDPC code. To mitigate this problem, Yu et al. used random LDPC codes that achieve large minimum stopping set size with high probability. Although effective, these codes are not necessarily optimal for this application, especially at short code lengths, which are relevant for low latency systems, IoT blockchains, etc. In this paper, we focus on short code lengths and demonstrate that a suitable co-design of specialized LDPC codes and the light node sampling strategy can improve the probability of detection of DA attacks. We consider different adversary models based on their computational capabilities of finding stopping sets in LDPC codes. For a weak adversary model, we devise a new LDPC code construction termed as the entropy-constrained PEG (EC-PEG) algorithm which concentrates stopping sets to a small group of variable nodes. We demonstrate that the EC-PEG algorithm coupled with a greedy sampling strategy improves the probability of detection of DA attacks. For stronger adversary models, we provide a co-design of a sampling strategy called linear-programming-sampling (LP-sampling) and an LDPC code construction called linear-programming-constrained PEG (LC-PEG) algorithm. The new co-design demonstrates a higher probability of detection of DA attacks compared to approaches in earlier literature.
Iodine Doping Implementation Effect on the Electrical Response in Metallophthalocyanines (M = Cu, Co, Zn), for Electronic and Photovoltaic Applications

We report the structural organization and its effect on the current response of the conducting domains in MPcs (M = Cu, Co, Zn) films, deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation and doped by the presence of iodine vapors. Structural and surface features of the doped metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) were studied by using IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). DFT calculations were carried to study the interaction between iodine and MPcs molecules and establish the influence of iodine on the electronic behavior of these species and the changes on the frontier molecular orbitals. This interaction is thermodynamically favored, and the mechanism of electronic transit involving the iodine atoms providing electrons to the transfer. The I-MPc films have a mainly amorphous structure, some crystallinity in the MPcs α and β forms. A roughness between 18.41 and 99.02 nm and particle size between 1.35 and 15 μm. By evaluating the electrical behavior of the flexible PET/ITO/I-MPc/Ag devices, it was found that J-V curves under illuminated conditions show an increase of curves values upon the I-MPc, indicating that the flexible films are photosensible. Jsc between 1.59 × 10−5 and 2.41 × 10−7 A/cm2, conductivities between 6.17 × 10−8–2.54 × 10−7 Scm−1 and photosensibility values of up to 133%.
Spherical Particle Interaction with Flowing Plasma: Computational Discoveries

The fundamental problem of the interaction of an isolated ion‐absorbing sphere with a flowing collisionless plasma has been solved comprehensively for the first time, using a particle in cell code (SCEPTIC). Its results show the extent to which prior approximations affect such parameters as the particle charge, potential, ion‐flux, drag, and wake structure. Several qualitatively new discoveries have been made, including: the substantial accuracy of the OML value of potential, but inaccuracy of the particle charge; reversal of the direction of asymmetry of the flux to the sphere; the rise of the ion drag force above prior analytic estimates by a factor of 2; the absence of extended oscillatory wakes, in contradiction of prior analytic predictions. These results constitute the basis for many of the dynamic parameters of dust particle interactions with the plasma and with each other.
Constraining Inflationary Scenarios with Braneworld Models and Second Order Cosmological Perturbations

Inflationary cosmology is the leading explanation of the very early universe. Many different models of inflation have been constructed which fit current observational data. In this work theoretical and numerical methods for constraining the parameter space of a wide class of such models are described. First, string-theoretic models with large non-Gaussian signatures are investigated. An upper bound is placed on the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves produced by ultra-violet Dirac-Born-Infeld inflation. In all but the most finely tuned cases, this bound is incompatible with a lower bound derived for inflationary models which exhibit a red spectrum and detectable non-Gaussianity. By analysing general non-canonical actions, a class of models is found which can evade the upper bound when the phase speed of perturbations is small. The multi-coincident brane scenario with a finite number of branes is one such model. For models with a potentially observable gravitational wave spectrum the number of coincident branes is shown to take only small values. The second method of constraining inflationary models is the numerical calculation of second order perturbations for a general class of single field models. The Klein-Gordon equation at second order, written in terms of scalar field variations only, is numerically solved. The slow roll version of the second order source term is used and the method is shown to be extendable to the full equation. This procedure allows the evolution of second order perturbations in general and the calculation of the non-Gaussianity parameter in cases where there is no analytical solution available.
Comparison of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss in modified radical mastectomy

Background: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is one of the surgical procedures for breast cancer management. Many complications are associated with wound healing, like hematoma, dehiscence, infection, chronic seroma and skin necrosis. The objective of this study was to compare the mean blood loss in drain output of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) use among patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at department of surgery, Holy Family hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2019 to November 2020. 130 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A patients received tranexamic acid topically while group B patients received intravenous tranexamic acid during modified radical mastectomy. Drain output and blood loss was recorded after twenty-four hours of the surgery.Results: Mean age was 51.15±10.33 in group A, while it was 50.58±10.59 in group B. Mean duration of breast cancer among the patients was 11.45±8.70 months. Mean blood loss, 24 hours after MRM was 40.68±20.79 ml in the topical group, while it was 50.83±26.38 ml in the intravenous group (p=0.016). Conclusions: Topical tranexamic acid showed significantly better control on blood loss as compared to intravenous TXA.
Conceptual Framework for Developing Lifelong Learning Skills in Business Undergraduate Students

The concept of lifelong learning has become a key component of university’s business curricula. According to rapidly changing economic, social, and technological environments, lifelong learning skills are essential to business administration students for continuing professional development throughout their lives. However, the challenge of curriculum design is how to identify lifelong learning skills of a particular program. This paper aims to create a conceptual framework for developing lifelong learning skills of the Bachelor of Business Administration Program, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus (a public university located in Southernmost Thailand). In this paper, a conceptual framework of lifelong learning skills is based on national policy on education, university’s educational philosophy, international standards of education, and the needs of stakeholders (comprising core stakeholders and non-core stakeholders). The conceptual framework provides guidance for identifying lifelong learning skills of the Bachelor of Business Administration Program.
How do Developers Really Feel About Bug Fixing? Directions for Automatic Program Repair

Automatic program repair (APR) is a rapidly advancing field of software engineering that aims to supplement or replace manual bug fixing with an automated tool. For APR to be successfully adopted in industry, it is vital that APR tools respond to developer needs and preferences. However, very little research has considered developers’ general attitudes to APR or developers’ current bug fixing practices (the activity APR aims to replace). This article responds to this gap by reporting on a survey of 386 software developers about their bug finding and fixing practices and experiences, and their instinctive attitudes towards APR. We find that bug finding and fixing is not necessarily as onerous for developers as has often been suggested, being rated as more satisfying than developers’ general work. The fact that developers derive satisfaction and benefit from bug fixing indicates that APR adoption is not as simple as APR replacing an unwanted activity. When it comes to potential APR approaches, we find a strong preference for developers being kept in the loop (for example, choosing between different fixes or validating fixes) as opposed to a fully automated process. This suggests that advances in APR should be careful to consider the agency of the developer, as well as what information is presented to developers alongside fixes. It also indicates that there are key barriers related to trust that would need to be overcome for full scale APR adoption, supported by the fact that even those developers who stated that they were positive about APR listed several caveats and concerns. We find very few statistically significant relationships between particular demographic variables (for example, developer experience, age, education) and key attitudinal variables, suggesting that developers’ instinctive attitudes towards APR are little influenced by experience level but are held widely across the developer community.
Nonlinear Effects in Models of the Galaxy. I. Midplane Stellar Orbits in the Presence of Three-dimensional Spiral Arms

With the aim of studying the nonlinear stellar and gaseous response to the gravitational potential of a galaxy such as the Milky Way, we have modeled three-dimensional Galactic spiral arms as a superposition of inhomogeneous oblate spheroids and added their contribution to an axisymmetric model of the Galactic mass distribution. Three spiral loci are proposed here, based in different sets of observations. A comparison of our model with a tight-winding approximation shows important differences in the middle and outer Galactic regions. A preliminary self-consistency analysis taking Ωp = 15 and 20 km s-1 kpc-1 for the angular speed of the spiral pattern seems to favor the value Ωp = 20 km s-1 kpc-1. As a first step to the full three-dimensional calculations for which the model is suitable, we have explored the stellar orbital structure in the midplane of the Galaxy. We present the standard analysis in the pattern rotating frame and complement this analysis with orbital information from the Galactic inertial frame. Prograde and retrograde orbits are defined unambiguously in the inertial frame, then labeled as such in the Poincaré diagrams of the noninertial frame. In this manner, we found a sharp separatrix between the two classes of orbits. Chaos is restricted to the prograde orbits, and its onset occurs for the higher spiral perturbation considered plausible in our Galaxy. An unrealistically high spiral perturbation tends to destroy the separatrix and make chaos pervasive. This might be relevant in other spiral galaxies.
Social Media Use and Well-being With Bipolar Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Path Analysis

Background Reliable and consistent social support is associated with the mental health and well-being of persons with severe mental illness, including bipolar disorder (BD). Yet the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures (eg, shelter in place) reduced access to regular social contacts, while social media use (SMU) increased concomitantly. Little is currently known about associations between the well-being of adults with BD and different types of SMU (eg, passive and active). Objective For this study, we had two goals. First, we report descriptive information regarding SMU by persons with BD during COVID-19 (all platforms). Specific to Facebook, we next developed and tested a hypothesized model to identify direct and indirect associations between BD symptoms, social support, loneliness, life satisfaction, and SMU. Responses were collected during the global spread of the Delta variant and prior/concurrent with the Omicron variant, 20 months after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Methods Over 8 weeks, we obtained responses from an international sample of 102 adults with BD using the Qualtrics online platform. Most had previously participated in the BADAS (Bipolar Affective Disorders and older Adults) Study (n=89, 87.3%); the remainder were recruited specifically for this research (n=13, 2.7%). The subsamples did not differ in age (t100=1.64; P=.10), gender (χ22=0.2; P=.90), socioeconomic status (χ26=9.9; P=.13), or time since BD diagnosis (t97=1.27; P=.21). Both were recruited using social media advertising micro-targeted to adults with BD. On average, participants were 53.96 (SD 13.22, range 20-77) years of age, they had completed 15.4 (SD 4.28) years of education, and were diagnosed with BD 19.6 (SD 10.31) years ago. Path analyses were performed to develop and test our hypothesized model. Results Almost all participants (n=95, 93.1%) reported having both Facebook and LinkedIn accounts; 91.2% (n=93) reported regular use of either or both. During the pandemic, most (n=62, 60.8%) reported accessing social media several times a day; 36.3% (n=37) reported using social media more often since the emergence of COVID-19. Specific to Facebook, the model we hypothesized differed somewhat from what emerged. The resulting model suggests that symptoms of depression predict loneliness and, inversely, social support and life satisfaction. Social support predicts social Facebook use, whereas passive Facebook use predicts life satisfaction. Symptoms of depression emerged as indirect predictors of SMU via social support. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the operational definition of passive-active SMU requires further analysis and refinement. In contrast to theory, passive Facebook use appears positively associated with well-being among certain populations. Longitudinal data collection over multiple points is required to identify associations between BD symptoms, SMU, and well-being over time.
A Simple Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis Method for Grid-Tied T-Type Three-Level Inverters With Various Power Factors Based on Instantaneous Current Distortion

Different open-circuit (OC) faults for grid-tied T-type three-level inverters with various power factors may lead to similar current distortion characteristics, making it challenging to locate the faulty switch. This article proposes an OC fault diagnosis method applied to grid-tied T-type three-level inverters, which hierarchically diagnoses the group-level and device-level faults. Based on the current distortion similarity analysis with various power factors operation, the switches in one phase are divided into two groups. Subsequently, the group-level fault detection is implemented by locating the half-cycle where the zero-section phenomenon occurs. Moreover, the device-level fault location is realized by injecting the specific switching signals. Simulations and experiments are performed to verify the analysis of the current distortion. The result considering various conditions shows the proposed approach’s correctness and robustness. The proposed method is effective in the power factor ranging from 0 lag to 0 lead. The OC fault can be located within 6 ms.
A randomized comparative study of three supraglottic airway devices for controlled ventilation in anesthetized patients

Background and Aims: The LMA® ProSeal™, LMA® Supreme™ and Ambu® AuraGain™ are second-generation supraglottic airway devices (SADs) with integrated gastric access. In this study, we compared the clinical performance of these three devices in adults for controlled ventilation in anesthetized paralysed patients. Material and Methods: Two hundred and seventy adults, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I-III, undergoing elective surgical procedures, were randomized into three groups with 90 patients in each: Group 1: LMA® ProSeal™, Group 2: LMA® Supreme™ and Group 3: Ambu® AuraGain™. All the three devices were evaluated for oropharyngeal seal pressure (OSP) and other parameters: ease and the number of attempts at device placement, fibreoptic laryngeal view and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: In the present study, the mean OSP was 38.9 ± 3.050 cm H2O in the LMA ProSeal™ group, 37.41 ± 4.097 cm H2O in LMA® Supreme™ group and 37.32 ± 3.740 cm H2O in Ambu® AuraGain™ group. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.006). The three groups were comparable for the ease of device insertion, number of attempts at device placement, fibreoptic laryngeal view, intraoperative and postoperative complications. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the LMA® ProSeal™ provided the highest OSP in comparison to the other two devices, even though this difference is not clinically relevant. The use of Ambu® AuraGain™ was associated with difficult and lowest first-time insertion success rate (P < 0.001) along with an increased incidence of airway trauma as compared to the other two SADs.
Reliability and Sensitivity Analyses of Structures Related to Eurocodes

This article focuses on researching new concepts of global sensitivity analysis, which are directly oriented to reliability and the limit states of structures. A primary case study is performed to compare total sensitivity indices oriented to probability and design quantiles. The obtained results show that although the values of the total indices may differ, the sensitivity ranking is the same. Contrast functions are a suitable theoretical basis for sensitivity analysis. Reliability sensitivity analysis can be performed by following the concept of standard EN 1990 using design quantiles. The design quantiles of resistance and load are a suitable alternative to directly computing the probability of failure. Global sensitivity analysis oriented to design quantiles has proven helpful in measuring the influence of input variables on structural reliability.
Unilateral autoinflation of a saline-filled breast implant initially diagnosed as capsular contracture: a case report and review of the literature

Spontaneous inflation of saline breast implants is a rare phenomenon. In this case report, we share our experience treating a patient who complained of asymmetric breasts from what appeared to be a straightforward case of capsular contracture. Spontaneous autoinflation of the right breast implant was subsequently found to be the cause of breast asymmetry and hardness. The presentation, diagnostic challenge, management, and mechanism of this rare phenomenon are presented here.
Charged-Particle Emission in Reactions of 9- and 11 -MeV Neutrons with 63,65Cu

Cross sections for the emission of protons, deuterons, and alpha particles from enriched targets of /sup 63/Cu and /sup 65/Cu bombarded with 9- and 11-Mev neutrons were measured. A charged-particle time-of-flight spectrometer capable of detecting particles with energies as low as 1 MeV was used to make these measurements. Cross sections and spectra are compared with statistical and pre-equilibrium model calculations. Level density parameters of various nuclei resulting from the best simultaneous fit to present and previous 15-MeV data are inferred.
A Fourier Transform Analysis of the American Call Option on Assets Driven by Jump-Diffusion Processes

This paper considers the Fourier transform approach to derive the implicit integral equation for the price of an American call option in the case where the underlying asset follows a jump-diffusion process. Using the method of Jamshidian (1992), we demonstrate that the call option price is given by the solution to an inhomogeneous integro-partial differential equation in an unbounded domain, and subsequently derive the solution using Fourier transforms. We also extend McKean's incomplete Fourier transform approach to solve the free boundary problem under Merton's framework, for a general jump size distribution. We show how the two methods are related to each other, and also to the Geske-Johnson compound option approach used by Gukhal (2001). The paper also derives results concerning the limit for the free boundary at expiry, and presents a numerical algorithm for solving the linked integral equation system for the American call price, delta and early exercise boundary. This scheme is applied to Merton's jump-diffusion model, where the jumps are log-normally distributed.