Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of dexmedetomidine-ketamine and propofol-midazolam in children undergoing MRI: A prospective randomised study

Background: Deep sedation required for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in paediatric age group is a challenge. This study is done to compare the sedative and hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine with ketamine (DK) in comparison to propofol with midazolam (PM) in children undergoing MRI. The primary objective is to compare the recovery time and recovery characteristics between the drug combination and secondary objectives were to compare the efficacy and adverse events between the two groups.Methods: This is a double blind randomised controlled study involving 100 patients posted for MRI in a tertiary care hospital between 01 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2018. Statistical analysis tests performed to compare the results between the two groups.Results: The average time to achieving the Aldrete score of 10/10 in DK group was 25.43 min as compared to 13.7 min in PM group which is statistically significant. Also, time to achieve Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) scale of 5 was significantly higher in the DK group (12.20min) in comparison to PM group (6.30 min). There was no significant difference between heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressures or oxygen saturation during the procedure.Conclusion: Combination of propofol with midazolam provided statistically significant rapid rates of anaesthetic induction as well as recovery when compared with dexmedetomidine ketamine group.
Validation of Internal and External Load Metrics in NCAA D1 Women's Beach Volleyball

Abstract Tometz, MJ, Jevas, SA, Esposito, PM, and Annaccone, AR. Validation of internal and external load metrics in NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2223–2229, 2022—The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of internal and external load metrics in NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball. Subjects included 13 NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball players (age: 20.3 ± 1.4 years). A total of 578 data points were analyzed from 51 team training sessions, including practice, games, and sport-specific conditioning during the pre-season semester (15 weeks). Data points included Edward's training impulse (TRIMP) (228.0 ± 80.7 arbitrary units [AU]), session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) Load (532.5 ± 232.8 [AU]), distance covered (DC) in meters (2,635.4 ± 884.3 [m]), and daily environmental condition variables {(temperature (76.5 ± 13.7 [°F]), relative humidity (72.5 ± 13.2 [%]), and wet-bulb globe temperature (52.9 ± 19.9 [°F])}. The subjects wore Polar Team Pro heart rate monitors with global positioning system during each session. Subjects completed an sRPE questionnaire after every session. Pearson product moment correlations yielded statistically significant relationships (p < 0.01) between TRIMP and sRPE Load (r = 0.81), TRIMP and DC (r = 0.78), and sRPE Load and DC (r = 0.82). A forward selection multiple regression yielded that sRPE Load could predict TRIMP with the equation: TRIMPTometz = 78.735 + (sRPE Load * 0.28) (p < 0.001). These findings support sRPE Load as a valid alternative to TRIMP when monitoring internal loads in NCAA D1 women's beach volleyball. Session rating of perceived exertion Load may be more practical and accessible for teams. Distance covered should be considered when periodizing and monitoring training loads because of its relationship with internal loads.
Bipolar TURP in high-risk patients with large prostate gland: our experience

With a rapidly growing elderly population, the number of high-risk patients with very large prostate glands is expanding. High-risk patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are defined as elderly patients with concomitant cardiovascular, pulmonary, and other organ diseases. Surgical intervention through monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M-TURP) is considered as a gold standard due to its proven safety and efficacy. However, systemic absorption of the electrolyte-free irrigation solutions (i.e. glycine, sorbitol, and mannitol) and high-frequency electrical current in MTURP can result in number of complications including TUR syndrome, bleeding, urethral strictures or bladder neck contractures. Bipolar TURP (B-TURP) is a modification of conventional M-TURP procedure that uses isotonic normal saline as irrigating fluid and thus reduces the risk of TUR syndrome and the absence of a return current reduces the risk of burns and urethral or ABSTRACT
Preparation and thermal properties of phase change materials based on paraffin with expanded graphite and carbon foams prepared from sucroses

Carbon foam/expanded graphite composite (CEC) was prepared from a sucrose-expandable graphite resin using a thermal foaming method. This CEC was impregnated through its pores with paraffin to obtain a paraffin/carbon foam/expanded graphite composite (PCEC). In the case of CECs, when the amount of added expandable graphite reached 10 wt% to 15 wt%, the microstructure of the CEC was damaged because of the expansion in volume of the expandable graphite. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of PCECs showed that there was no chemical interaction between the paraffin and CECs. With an increase in the amount of expandable graphite in CECs, the adsorption capacity of paraffin and the latent heat first showed an increase and then decreased. The heat transfer capability of the paraffin was truly improved by the CECs. The processes for the preparation of the CECs and PCECs were environmentally friendly, convenient, and inexpensive. The PCECs, with good thermal properties and chemical stabilities, are suitable for low temperature (40–50 °C) thermal energy storage applications.
Sexting and Emotional Difficulties in High School Pupils

Sexting has recently attracted the attention of researchers. The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of sexting among boys and girls, and b) to examine the relationship between different types of sexting and emotional difficulties in high school pupils. The research was conducted on a sample of 711 adolescents aged 14-19 years. The Sexting Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess sexting, while the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales and the item of suicidality were used to assess emotional difficulties. The results of the study show that the most frequently reported type of sexting is sending sexually explicit content and the rarest is posting sexually explicit content. Boys are more frequently engaged in sexting compared to girls. Furthermore, pupils involved in sexting think about suicidal thoughts and suicide more often. The obtained results suggest that youth do participate in sexting and those who do have some negative thoughts, which emphasize the necessary for both a prevention and intervention approach for this population.
Evaluation of the response of Turkey strains to Salmonella and Newcastle vaccines

This research work was carried out to evaluate the immune response of 3 turkey strains to salmonella and Newcastle vaccines measured via antibody titre. The study deployed a total of 120 poults (40 black, 40 white and 40 lavender) strains. To ascertain the initial antibody titre of all the birds, blood samples were obtained from their wing veins immediately after acclimatization for salmonella and Newcastle antibody titre. The test for salmonella and Newcastle antibody titre responses of the birds were performed using widal and haemagglutination inhibition (HI), respectively. The birds were divided into two broad groups tagged as A and B, which represented Salmonella and Newcastle vaccines, respectively. Each group had 3 sub-groups denoting the 3 strains of turkey used for the study. After vaccination, blood samples were collected from all the birds at 3 and 5 days for laboratory assessment of antibody titre response. The results showed that there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the antibody titre response of all the turkey strains after vaccination. Results obtained on the time of exposure of the birds to vaccine revealed that higher antibody titre values were obtained from the black and white turkey strains at 3 days than at 5 days after administration of Newcastle vaccine, except in the lavender strain, which had higher titre value at 5 days after Newcastle vaccination. Following administration of salmonella vaccine, black and lavender strains had statistically higher antibody titre response (2.03 and 2.10 mean loge widal, respectively) than white strain (1.86 mean loge widal). Similarly, the black strain also had higher antibody titre value when Newcastle vaccine was administered (2.35 mean loge HI) followed by Original Research Article Ikpeme; ARRB, 36(3): 1-9, 2021; Article no.ARRB. 65406 2 lavender (1.99 mean loge HI) and white strain (1.71 mean loge HI). Black strains showed more antibody titre response and by implication, stronger immunity to Salmonella and Newcastle vaccines. More importantly, the differential response of the 3 turkey strains to vaccine could give turkey breeders the choice of selection of turkey breeds for disease resistance breeding.
Excessive focus on risk? Non‐performing loans and efficiency of microfinance institutions

Correspondence Stephen Zamore, School of Business and Law, University of Agder, Gimlemoen 19, Post Box 4630, Kristiansand, Norway. Email: stephen.zamore@uia.no Abstract Microfinance is a banking market in which operating costs are high, while non-performing loans (NPLs) rates are low. While the existing literature tends to explain that the high operating costs arise from the provision of small loans, we argue that excessive efforts to control loan losses can also be a contributing factor. Therefore, this article investigates the relationship between NPLs and the cost efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Using a unique global sample of rated MFIs and applying stochastic frontier analysis together with Granger-causality test and generalized method of moments (GMM), we find, in contrast to positive linear relationship evidence in commercial banking studies, a nonlinear (U-shape) relationship between operating costs and NPLs. This implies that MFIs need to balance their cost efficiency with asset quality.
Anxiety and Depression among COVID Positive Frontline Health Care Workers in Nepal

Background: COVID-19, an emerging contagious disease had affected all over the world and become a global health threat. Lockdown and restriction had made the life of the health care workers troublesome and psychosocial problems are exaggerated. Moreover, health care workers are the frontline workers to deal with the COVID-19 patients; they are at high risk. Due to social stigma and hectic schedule of work had made their life more stressful. The study aimed to assess anxiety and depression and its associated factors among COVID-19 positive frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 COVID-19 positive health care workers working in different provinces of Nepal. The Google form was made by adopting GAD-7 for anxiety and PHQ-9 for depression and made available to study population through various social media. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression among the COVID-19 positive frontline health care worker was 39% and 35.5% respectively. The study showed significant association between staying with friend during pandemic (p 0.015), daily meditation (p 0.020), duty in isolation ward (p 0.027), unaware of incentives provision (p 0.034), stigma (p <0.001) with anxiety and education status (p 0.023), fear of dying from COVID-19 (p 0.045) and stigma (p 0.05) with depression in multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: In the pandemic, COVID-19 positive frontline health workers had developed anxiety and depression symptoms. Training and sufficient preventive practice need to be implemented to control consequences of COVID 19 pandemic.
Radiological and Pathological Findings in a Minor- mismatch Mouse Orthotopic Lung Transplant Model under Immunosuppression

Background: Mouse orthotopic lung transplantation (MOLTx) models are extremely useful. However, there are only few studies on non-invasive monitoring methods for lung rejection in these models. Additionally, a model of chronic rejection has so far been difficult to reproduce consistently with MOLTx. Objective: To determine if CT scan of the lung graft can be considered a useful noninvasive monitoring method of evaluation of graft rejection in an animal lung transplantation model. Methods: Left MOLTx was performed from B10 donors into B6 recipients (from B6 donors for syngeneic controls). Following transplantation, 3 different doses of cyclosporine—5, 15, and 25 mg/kg daily—were administered in the first week to suppress acute rejection. Positive controls did not receive cyclosporine. 8 weeks after transplantation, CT and histological rejection grading were performed. Results: The negative controls did not show any inflammation. Positive controls revealed moderate acute rejection (A3). A3 was also detected in the 5-mg/kg group (100%). The 15-mg/kg group (n=7) demonstrated A3 in 4 mice and mild acute rejection (A2) in the remaining 3 mice. In this group, 4 mice had bronchiolitis obliterans (BO; C1, 57%). The 25-mg/kg group (n=3) showed A3 changes in 1 and A2 in 2 mice. On CT scan, lungs without BO (C0) had radiodensities of ‐278.1±110.7 Hounsfield units (HU). C1 lungs had ground‐glass opacity or atelectasis with ‐83.4±46.8 HU (C0 vs. C1, p<0.001). On grouping with A2 or A3 in C0, significant differences were detected: ‐375.3±41.2 vs. ‐185.0±38.4 HU (A2+C0 vs. A3+C0, respectively), p=0.01. Conclusion: BO can be modeled using this MOLTx model by administration of subtherapeutic doses of cyclosporine. CT scans are a valid tool for monitoring of rejection following MOLTx.
Oral health problems related to pre- and post- medications among diabetic individuals: A cross sectional study

Background of the study: Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder most often causes change in normal oral flora due to hyperglycemia and instabilities in healing processes of damaged mucous membranes as a result of decreased salivation, immune function and changes in dietary habits. Aim: The aim of the present cross sectional study design is to evaluate the various oral health problems encountered by diabetic individual’s pre and post medications. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in which a close-ended, selfadministered 10 item-questionnaire was distributed randomly among 100 diabetic individuals under medication. Fasting and Random blood sugar levels were collected from their recent medical reports after obtaining their consent. Results: On evaluating the demographic data, the mean age was found to be 49.8years with predominant participants belonging to 4150yrs (33%) followed by 51-60yrs (30%) category and presented with Oral health problems such as pain (82%), tooth decay (94%), gum diseases (6%), dry mouth (93%) often with (15%) or without loss of sensation (85%). Conclusion: From the above study it was observed that most of the diabetic patients feel there is a significant relation between diabetes with oral health problem and also noticed significant changes in their oral cavity after diabetes medications can influence their quality of life.
Prevalence of depression among school going adolescents in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

The objective of this systematic review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of depression among schoolgoing adolescents in India by using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI 1 or BDI 2). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Google Scholar to identify cross-sectional school-based studies published during 1990-2020. Studies with pre-identified mental illness were excluded. Heterogeneity between studies were examined and estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot and Egger’s test. We included 13 studies in the meta-analysis. The random effect meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of depression among school going adolescents was 53% (95% CI: 41% - 65%). By gender, the prevalence was 50% (95 % CI: 38%–62%) in males and 57% (95% CI: 46% - 69%) in females. The subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence increased with the education levels (High school: 42%; High school and pre-university: 55%; and Pre-university: 67%). In this review we found that more than half of the school going adolescents in India suffered from depression that ranged from mild to severe. These results draw attention to re-look at the mental health policy and newer public health approaches to address depression. Further, strengthening school-based mental health services, along with the community and center-based care is crucial to prevent and effective management of depression among adolescents.
Water quality assessment of Ntawogba Stream in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Ntawogba stream is one of the natural water bodies that drain the marshy swamp forest water from Port Harcourt municipality into Amadi Creek which empties into the Bonny estuary. Water quality assessment was carried out for three consecutive months (July - September) across three sampling points (upstream, midstream, and downstream). The physical parameters pH, temperature, EC, and turbidity were measured in-situ. The concentration of the anions Cl-, NO3- and PO42- were determined using standard analytical methods according to APHA 1998. TSS and TDS were determined gravimetrically while the levels of Mg and Ca were determined titrimetrically. Spectroscopic analysis was carried out for nine heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, and Pb) using AAS. The microbial population was measured by the standard plate method using nutrient agar. Pearson correlation coefficients provided considerable insight into the water quality of this stream and the correlation between the various parameters. High correlation coefficients are observed between parameters. ANOVA results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean values of the parameters for the period of study. Ntawogba stream is highly polluted and there is an urgent need to address this problem to protect the water body, maintain good water quality and enhance its use. Key words: Bonny estuary, heavy metals, microbial population, Ntawogba stream, pollution, Pearson correlation, water quality.
Indications of Liver and Kidney Functions in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetic Patients

This study aimed at the investigation of abnormal liver and renal functions by biochemical manifestations of underlying metabolic abnormalities in relation to hyperglycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The study comprised 118 diabetic patients (56 males, 62 females) and 60 age-matched healthy non-diabetic controls (30 males, 30 females). All subjects were tested for serum levels of liver enzymatic indicators, which include aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as non enzymatic parameters, including total bilirubin and total proteins.Also, serum levels of renal function markers, including microalbumin, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were measured. The findings of this study stated that serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels were significantly higher in diabetic males and females with both age ranges (40-59 & 6080 years). Serum total bilirubin level showed a significant decrease in diabetic males and females of both age groups. However, total proteins level showed a significant increase in diabetic males and females of both age groups. The results also showed that the level of microalbumin in urine as well as those of creatinine, urea, and uric acid in the serum were significantly higher in diabetic males and females. The present study concludes that there is a bidirectional relationship of enzymatic and non enzymatic liver and renal functions markers with the hyperglycemic status in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF ORAL HELICOBACTER PYLORI WITH VACA, CAGA, AND DUPA VIRULENCE GENES IN RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS PATIENTS IN DUHOK, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ

Background: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology characterized by recurrent and painful lesions, with single or multiple ulcerations that are confined to the oral cavity mucosa. The current study aimed at the molecular detection of oral H. Pylori and its vacA, cagA, and dupA virulence genes in patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. It has been conducted in the laboratories of the college of medicine, Duhok city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. A total of ninety-two individuals were included in the present study; forty-six patients with RAS consisted of 11 females and 35 males and forty six apparently healthy individuals as control group composed of 23 females and 23 males. A swab was taken from the RAS lesion of each in the patients' group and the control group's oral cavity (cheek) and submitted to a conventional PCR-based assay to detect the H. Pylori DNA using specific primers targeting 16SrRNA gene. The family history for RAS of both the patients and the control group was investigated. H. pylori virulence genes vacA, dupA, and cagA(m1) were investigated in all extracted DNA samples using specific primers. Results: H. Pylori DNA was detected only in 2 (4.34%) of the patients and one (2.17%) of the control group. The family history of RAS disease was positive in 24 (52.17%) of the cases, while only one individual (2.173%) of the control group had a positive family history of RAS disease. One of the H. pylori positive RAS patients showed a positive result for the three vacA, dupA, and cagA(m1) virulence genes, whereas the other one was positive for only dupA and cagA(m1) virulence genes. In addition, the H. pylori positive healthy control showed a positive result for all the three vacA, dupA, and cagA(m1) virulence genes. Conclusion: There was no significant attribution H. Pylori in the etiology of RAS, while there was a highly significant relation of recurrent RAS with the family history of the patients (p < 0.01). Duhok Med J 2020; 14 (2): 20-29