Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mare basalt petrogenesis—A review of experimental studies

Melting experiments on mare basalts are complicated by technical problems. The quality of the experimental results can be evaluated from the following criteria: (1) attainment of equilibrium (except in rate studies), (2) acceptable monitoring and control of pressure and temperature, (3) acceptable control of oxygen fugacity, and (4) preservation of constant bulk composition of the sample; i.e., reaction of the sample with its container must be controlled within narrow limits. Melting experiments in vacuum and in controlled gas atmospheres confirm petrologic and geochemical observations that most of the chemical variety among the (olivine normative) low-Ti basalts is due to fractionation of olivine plus or minus minor spinel. The chemical variety among the high-Ti basalts is likewise controlled by near-surface fractionation processes, but the low-K and high-K groups cannot be interrelated in such a manner. Crystallization experiments have also shown that porphyritic textures can sometimes be produced by a single-stage cooling history. High-pressure studies indicate that the low-Ti suite originated by partial melting of an olivine-pyroxenite mantle at depths ranging from 200 to 350 km (to 500 km including green glass). It is generally agreed that a spectrum of low-Ti parental magmas could be produced over this depth interval, the most olivine normative liquids originating at greatest depths. Experimental results suggest that the high-Ti suite (and orange glass) formed by partial melting of an intrinsically Ti rich olivine-pyroxenite mantle at depths similar to those at which the low-Ti suite is produced. Alternatively, the high-Ti basalts can be interpreted as hybrid liquids whose petrogenesis involves the assimilation of subcrustal Ti-rich material by parental magmas of low-Ti type and origin. The Ti-rich zone is believed to have formed during an early differentiation event. Isotopic data indicate a prior differentiation history for mare basalt source regions.
The Risk for Schizophrenia–Bipolar Spectrum: Does the Apple Fall Close to the Tree? A Narrative Review

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe psychiatric disorders that share clinical features and several risk genes. Important information about their genetic underpinnings arises from intermediate phenotypes (IPs), quantifiable biological traits that are more prevalent in unaffected relatives (RELs) of patients compared to the general population and co-segregate with the disorders. Within IPs, neuropsychological functions and neuroimaging measures have the potential to provide useful insight into the pathophysiology of SCZ and BD. In this context, the present narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on deficits in neuropsychological functions and neuroimaging alterations in unaffected relatives of SCZ (SCZ-RELs) and BD (BD-RELs). Overall, deficits in cognitive functions including intelligence, memory, attention, executive functions, and social cognition could be considered IPs for SCZ. Although the picture for cognitive alterations in BD-RELs is less defined, BD-RELs seem to present worse performances compared to controls in executive functioning, including adaptable thinking, planning, self-monitoring, self-control, and working memory. Among neuroimaging markers, SCZ-RELs appear to be characterized by structural and functional alterations in the cortico–striatal–thalamic network, while BD risk seems to be associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal, temporal, thalamic, and limbic regions. In conclusion, SCZ-RELs and BD-RELs present a pattern of cognitive and neuroimaging alterations that lie between patients and healthy individuals. Similar abnormalities in SCZ-RELs and BD-RELs may be the phenotypic expression of the shared genetic mechanisms underlying both disorders, while the specificities in neuropsychological and neuroimaging profiles may be associated with the differential symptom expression in the two disorders.
Open surgical ligation of a thoracic spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula causing thoracic myelopathy: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (eAVFs) are rare spinal vascular malformations characterized by an abnormal connection from the paraspinal and paravertebral system to the epidural venous plexus. This contrasts with the more frequently seen spinal dural AVF, where the fistula is entirely intradural. Although endovascular repair is commonly performed for spinal eAVF, few cases require open surgical ligation. OBSERVATIONS The authors present a case of a 74-year-old male with progressive thoracic myelopathy secondary to a spinal eAVF. Thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed intramedullary T2 signal hyperintensity from T8 to T12. Spinal angiography revealed a primary arterial supply from the right T11 segmental artery and minor supply from the left T11 branches with drainage into the ventral epidural space. The patient underwent T11–12 laminectomy and complete right T11–12 facetectomy for ligation of the fistula with T11–L1 fusion. A postoperative spinal angiogram showed resolution of the fistula. Postoperatively, the patient’s myelopathy improved, and MRI showed a decrease in T2 cord intensity. LESSONS Spinal eAVFs are rare lesions that differ from the more commonly seen intradural dural AVF in that the abnormal connection is in the epidural space, and they are often associated with a dilated epidural venous pouch. Treatment involves endovascular, open surgical, or combined approaches.
Synergy Assessment of Four Antimicrobial Bioactive Compounds for the Combinational Treatment of Bacterial Pathogens

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a topic of great concern in recent years, with much effort being committed to developing alternative treatments for resistant bacterial pathogens. Drug combinational therapies have been a major area of research for several years, with modern iterations using combining well-established antibiotics and other antimicrobials with the aim of discovering complementary mechanisms. Previously, we characterised four GRAS antimicrobials that can withstand thermal polymer extrusion processes for novel medical device-based and therapeutic applications. In the present study, four antimicrobial bioactive—silver nitrate, nisin, chitosan and zinc oxide—were assessed for their potential combined use as an alternative synergistic treatment for AMR bacteria via a broth microdilution assay based on a checkerboard format. The bioactives were tested in arrangements of two-, three- and four-drug combinations, and their interactions were determined and expressed in terms of a synergy score. Results have revealed interesting interactions based on treatments against recognised test bacterial strains that cause human and animal infections, namely E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Silver nitrate was seen to greatly enhance the efficacy of its paired treatment. Combinations with nisin, which is a lantibiotic, exhibited the most interesting results, as nisin has no effect against Gram-negative bacteria when used alone; however, it demonstrated antimicrobial effects when combined with silver nitrate or chitosan. This study constitutes the first study to both report on practical three- and four-drug combinational assays and utilise these methods for the assessment of established and emerging antimicrobials. The novel methods and results presented in this study show the potential to explore previously unknown drug combination compatibility measures in an ease-of-use- and high-throughput-based format, which can greatly help future research that aims to identify appropriate alternative treatments for AMR, including the screening of potential new bioactives biorefined from various sources.
Developing a Simple, Effective, and Quick Process to Make Silver Nanowires with a High Aspect Ratio

A growing number of people are interested in using silver nanowires (AgNWs) as potential transparent and conductive materials. The production of high-performance and high-throughput AgNWs was successfully optimized in this work using a one-step, straightforward, and reproducible modified polyol approach. The factors influencing the morphology of the silver nanowires have undergone extensive research in order to determine the best-optimized approach for producing AgNWs. The best AgNW morphology, with a length of more than 50 m and a diameter of less than 35 nm (aspect ratio is higher than 1700), was discovered to be produced by a mixture of 44 mM AgNO3, 134 mM polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (Mo.Wt 40,000), and 2.4 mM KCl at 160 °C with a stirring rate of 100 rpm. With our improved approach, the overall reaction time was cut from almost an hour with the conventional polyol method to a few minutes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy were used to characterize AgNWs. The resultant AgNWs’ dispersion was cleaned using a centrifuge multiple times before being deposited on glass and PET substrates at room temperature. In comparison to commercial, delicate, and pricey indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrates, the coated samples displayed exceptionally good sheet resistance of 17.05/sq and optical haze lower than 2.5%. Conclusions: Using a simple one-step modified polyol approach, we were able to produce reproducible thin sheets of AgNWs that made excellent, flexible transparent electrodes.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in ecuadorian adolescents

Objective: To determine the prevalence and incidence of anxiety disorders and depression with loneliness in a sample of adolescents. Material and methodology: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study including 330 Ecuadorian adolescents selected by non-probabilistic purposive sampling. The Ad Hoc Questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale were used for data collection. Results: Of the 330 adolescents, 65.5% were male, and the mean age was 16.8 years. Sixty, 60% are in their third year of high school and 39.4% are in their second year. Most of them live in the province of Pichincha 36.1%. In anxiety they present an average of 6.4 and in depression of 5.7; they have an average of 42 in loneliness. There is a positive correlation between anxiety, depression and loneliness. Finally, females have higher levels of depression. Conclusion: Adolescents do not present anxiety or depression disorders, however, they present high levels of loneliness. There is a positive correlation between anxiety, depression, and loneliness, that is, the higher the levels of loneliness, the higher the probability that adolescents present anxiety or depression. Likewise, there is evidence of higher levels of depression in females.
Seven invertebrates new for the marine fauna of Madeira Archipelago

Ocana and den Hartog (2002) recorded 18 species of sea anemones from Madeira archipelago. During SCUBA dives along the coasts of Madeira and Porto Santo, the present author encountered a further three sea anemone species and several other marine invertebrates not yet recorded for the marine fauna of Madeira Island. Similar to previous publications (e.g. Wirtz 1998, Wirtz 2007, Ocana & Wirtz 2009), these findings are reported here.
Motivation and Forms of Student Activities in Religious Organizations

Religious organizations are a place and means for students to develop their abilities. This research aims to find out what the real motivations of students are to join religious organizations and what are the forms of student activity in religious organizations. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data sources were taken from 12 informants through in-depth interviews who were selected using techniques purposive sampling, all informants are students who are still active in religious organizations at Padang State University. All interview results were then analyzed thematically using the Analysis Interactive Model Milles & Hubberman analysis models. Overall the results of the analysis show that there are four motivations and six forms of student activity in religious organizations. The four motivations are i) wanting to deepen religious knowledge, ii) expanding relationships, iii) adding organizational experience, iv) according to the major in college. There are six forms of student activities in religious organizations, namely i) participating in Islamic studies/tabligh akbar/Islamic webinars, ii) discussing religious issues iii) raising funds for social assistance, iv) orphanage visits, v) becoming a committee/administrator of a religious organization, vi) training organizational basis. The results of this study can be used as initial data for further researchers in studying this problem in different contexts and issues.
Diversity of Euglossini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in primary and secondary lowland rainforests in south-western Costa Rica

Orchid bees are a small group of Hymenoptera which occurs only in South and Central America. They play a very important role in the long-distance pollination of orchids from which they collect aromatic fragrances thought to play a role in territorial display and courtship. We present initial data of a collection of euglossine bees in the Piedras Blancas National Park in the south-west of Costa Rica during the dry season, in January 2007. The species diversity and abundance of two primary forest sites and one secondary forest habitat are compared. Male orchid bees were attracted with four different fragrances and collected for one hour at each site. A total of 23 species of the genera Euglossa, Eulaema and Exaerete were recorded, representing a third of all species known from Costa Rica, and all but one genus, Eufriesea. This genus is known to be strongly seasonal, flying only in the wet season. Species diversity and abundance were significantly higher in primary forest than in secondary forest, and all species found in the secondary forest were also recorded in the primary forest. These results suggest that secondary forests are only colonised by a subset of the orchid bee assemblage from primary forests, probably due to fewer resources in secondary forest and the inability of many euglossine bees to cross open grassland.
Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelialitis in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Evidence for VE-Cadherin Cleavage by ACE2

Long COVID-19 syndrome appears after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection with acute damage to microcapillaries, microthrombi, and endothelialitis. However, the mechanisms involved in these processes remain to be elucidated. All blood vessels are lined with a monolayer of endothelial cells called vascular endothelium, which provides a the major function is to prevent coagulation. A component of endothelial cell junctions is VE-cadherin, which is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the vessels through homophilic interactions of its Ca++-dependent adhesive extracellular domain. Here we provide the first evidence that VE-cadherin is a target in vitro for ACE2 cleavage because its extracellular domain (hrVE-ED) contains two amino acid sequences for ACE2 substrate recognition at the positions 256P-F257 and 321PMKP-325L. Indeed, incubation of hrVE-ED with the active ectopeptidase hrACE2 for 16 hrs in the presence of 10 μM ZnCl2 showed a dose-dependent (from 0.2 ng/μL to 2 ng/μL) decrease of the VE-cadherin immunoreactive band. In vivo, in the blood from patients having severe COVID-19 we detected a circulating form of ACE2 with an apparent molecular mass of 70 kDa, which was barely detectable in patients with mild COVID-19. Of importance, in the patients with severe COVID-19 disease, the presence of three soluble fragments of VE-cadherin (70, 62, 54 kDa) were detected using the antiEC1 antibody while only the 54 kDa fragment was present in patients with mild disease. Altogether, these data clearly support a role for ACE2 to cleave VE-cadherin, which leads to potential biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection related with the vascular disease in “Long COVID-19”.
Automated Water Pump System

Automated water pump systems are becoming increasingly important as they can regulate water pumps based on current data and conditions, reducing energy use and water waste while ensuring efficient water distribution. Research shows that automated water pump systems have several advantages over traditional manual systems, including increased efficiency, lower energy consumption, better water management, and improved pump performance. However, there are also some drawbacks to using these systems, such as higher upfront costs due to advanced equipment and technology requirements, complex installation and design demands, and the need for a reliable power source. The choice of automated water pump system depends on the particular application and requirements, as each type has its own strengths and weaknesses. The article's methodology involves connecting the solid-state relays, ESP32, power supply, and water pump to enable automated operation. The Arduino IDE software is used to program the system, allowing the user to specify when the water pump should be triggered. The system is then controlled by the ESP32 microcontroller, which turns on the relay module to power the water pump until the user-specified threshold level is reached. This ensures that the plants receive the correct amount of water for optimal growth without the need for manual assistance. The article also discusses the hardware used, including the ESP32 microcontroller and relay module.
Enhancing Code Review Efficiency – Automated Pull Request Evaluation Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning

The practice of code review is crucial in software development to improve code quality and promote knowledge exchange among team members. It requires identifying qualified reviewers with the necessary expertise and experience to thoroughly examine modifications suggested in a pull request and improve the efficiency of the code review process. However, it can be costly and time-consuming for maintainers to manually assign suitable reviewers to each request for large-scale projects. To address this challenge, various techniques, including machine learning, heuristic-based algorithms, and social network analysis, have been employed to suggest reviewers for pull requests automatically. The primary challenge for recommending reviewers of pull requests is verifying whether the review is accurate. While there have been attempts to replicate previous recommendation processes or propose new methods, evaluating the correctness of reviews remains a crucial area of research. New approaches are emerging to assess the correctness of reviews, but further research is needed to develop more reliable methods that can be applied in various contexts. This study investigates whether an automated evaluation of review accuracy and its impact on software quality is possible. One possible approach is to use a pre-trained language model like ChatGPT3 to extract key information from the review text. Another method is to use NLP techniques to automatically generate annotations from the review text, which could then be used to train a machine learning model to predict review quality accurately. Automated pull request evaluation mechanisms have the potential to positively impact both open source and industry projects by increasing transparency and accountability in the code review process and improving overall project outcomes. Therefore, developing and implementing effective auto - mated pull request evaluation systems are crucial research areas with significant potential benefits.
Efikasi Diri terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PDAM Tirtanadi Unit Instalasi Pengolahan Air Sunggal

His study aims to determine the effect of the self efficacy with employee performance at PDAM Tirtanadi.This study uses quantitative method with the number of samples as many as 40 people with try out system used, meaning that data have been taken in the test scale, re used as data for hypothesis testing. This research uses simple regression analysis method. Based on the data analysis obtained the results 1) There is a significant influence between self-efficacy on employee performance. It is shown by coefficient Freg = 97,611 where p <0,050. Indicates that the higher the self efficacy will be the better employee performance, and the lower the self-efficacy will be the worse employee performance. 2) There is a positive influence between self-efficacy on employee performance at PDAM Tirtanadi Sunggal Branch employee with 72% contribution. From these results it is known that there is still 28% influence from other factors on employee performance. 3) Another result is obtained from this research, which is known that the subject of this research the employees of Tirtanadi PDAM Sunggal Branch, has a very high self-efficacy with employee performance obtained is also quite high. This is known by looking at the empirical mean / self efficacy mean value (175.08) and the hypothetical average value (105). Furthermore, for employee performance it is known that the mean mean / empirical mean (85,88) and the hypothetical mean is (8).
Milan Ultrasound Criteria Predict Relapse of Ulcerative Colitis in Remission

Introduction: Bowel ultrasound is a noninvasive alternative to endoscopy for assessing the disease activity of ulcerative colitis; however, it is unclear whether bowel ultrasound can predict subsequent relapse from remission. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent bowel ultrasound between July 2018 and July 2021 during clinical remission (patient-reported outcome-2 ≤1 and no rectal bleeding) for at least 3 months and were followed up for 1 year. Ultrasonographic findings (bowel wall thickness, bowel wall flow, bowel wall stratification, and enlarged lymph nodes), Milan ultrasound criteria, Mayo endoscopic subscore, C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin levels and their association with subsequent clinical relapse were assessed. Relapse was defined as rectal bleeding score ≥1, stool frequency score ≥2, or treatment intensification for symptoms. Results: 31% of the patients (18/58) relapsed within 1 year. No single ultrasonographic finding predicted relapse, whereas Milan ultrasound criteria >6.2 (p = 0.019), Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥1 (p = 0.013), and fecal calprotectin ≥250 μg/g (p = 0.040) were associated with a shorter time to relapse in the log-rank test. Milan ultrasound criteria >6.2 (hazard ratio 3.22; 95% confidence interval 1.14–9.08, p = 0.027) and Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥1 (hazard ratio 8.70; 95% confidence interval 1.11–68.1, p = 0.039) showed a higher risk of relapse according to a Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusion: Bowel ultrasound can predict subsequent clinical relapse from remission in patients with ulcerative colitis using the Milan ultrasound criteria.