Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Level of Autonomy among Muslim Women by Marital Status and Place of Residence in Birbhum District of West Bengal.

The paper attempts to examine the level of autonomy among Muslim women in the Birbhum District of West Bengal. Further, it also tries to analyse the variation in the level of autonomy based on marital status and place of residence. The study is based on a primary survey. 12 villages and 4 municipal areas of Birbhum district have been selected and a sample of 664 has been surveyed based on stratified random sampling. Further, focus group discussion has also been conducted in the study area. To examine the level of autonomy among Muslim women, autonomy index has been computed. Three parameters i.e. gender space discrimination, mobility and decision making authority have been considered in computing autonomy index. The finding indicates the significant variation in the level of autonomy by marital status and place of residence. Unmarried women are less discriminated and are allowed to go out from home more frequently as compared to married women in both rural and urban areas. However, in the case of decision-making authority, married women enjoy more autonomy but it is significant only in rural areas. Thus, the paper highlights that the increase in the educational level and exposure to the outer world will help in improving the level of autonomy among Muslim women. Further, it also suggests that there is a need for a specific empowerment programme in the study area so that they could be enabled to challenge the traditional norms and access community resources.
Experimental Characterization of Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Biomass Burning of Six Mediterranean Species and Litter

Wildfires across the Mediterranean ecosystems are associated with safety concerns due to their emissions. The type of biomass determines the composition of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous compounds emitted during the fire event. This study investigated simulated fire events and analysed biomass samples of six Mediterranean species and litter in a combustion chamber. The main aims are the characterization of PM realized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), the quantification of gaseous emissions through gas chromatography (GC-MS) and, consequently, identification of the species that are potentially more dangerous. For PM, three size fractions were considered (PM10, 2.5 and 1), and their chemical composition was used for particle source-apportionment. For gaseous components, the CO, CO2, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTXs) emitted were quantified. All samples were described and compared based on their peculiar particulate and gaseous emissions. The primary results show that (a) Acacia saligna was noticeable for the highest number of particles emitted and remarkable values of KCl; (b) tree species were related to the fine windblown particles as canopies intercept PM10 and reemit it during burning; (c) shrub species were related to the particles resuspended from soil; and (d) benzene and toluene were the dominant aromatic compounds emitted. Finally, the most dangerous species identified during burning were Acacia saligna, for the highest number of particles emitted, and Pistacia lentiscus for its high density of particles, the presence of anthropogenic markers, and the highest emissions of all gaseous compounds.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Drug Use Behaviors, Fentanyl Exposure, and Harm Reduction Service Support among People Who Use Drugs in Rural Settings

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the opioid overdose crisis in the US. Rural communities have been disproportionately affected by opioid use and people who use drugs in these settings may be acutely vulnerable to pandemic-related disruptions due to high rates of poverty, social isolation, and pervasive resource limitations. Methods: We performed a mixed-methods study to assess the impact of the pandemic in a convenience sample of people who use drugs in rural Illinois. We conducted 50 surveys capturing demographics, drug availability, drug use, sharing practices, and mental health symptoms. In total, 19 qualitative interviews were performed to further explore COVID-19 knowledge, impact on personal and community life, drug acquisition and use, overdose, and protective substance use adaptations. Results: Drug use increased during the pandemic, including the use of fentanyl products such as gel encapsulated “beans” and “buttons”. Disruptions in supply, including the decreased availability of heroin, increased methamphetamine costs and a concomitant rise in local methamphetamine production, and possible fentanyl contamination of methamphetamine was reported. Participants reported increased drug use alone, experience and/or witness of overdose, depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Consistent access to harm reduction services, including naloxone and fentanyl test strips, was highlighted as a source of hope and community resiliency. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic period was characterized by changing drug availability, increased overdose risk, and other drug-related harms faced by people who use drugs in rural areas. Our findings emphasize the importance of ensuring access to harm reduction services, including overdose prevention and drug checking for this vulnerable population.
Time Course of Neurobehavioral Disruptions and Regional Brain Metabolism Changes in the Rotenone Mice Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by slow progression with a long prodromal stage and the gradual evolution of both neuropsychological symptoms and subtle motor changes, preceding motor dysfunction. Thus, in order for animal models of PD to be valid, they should reproduce these characteristics of the disease. One of such models, in which neuropathology is induced by chronic injections of low doses of mitochondrial toxin rotenone, is well established in rats. However, data on this model adapted to mice remain controversial. We have designed the study to describe the timecourse of motor and non-motor symptoms during chronic subcutaneous administration of rotenone (4 mg/kg daily for 35 days) in C57BL/6 mice. We characterize the underlying neuropathological processes (dopaminergic neuron degeneration, regional brain metabolism, monoamine neurotransmitter and lipid peroxidation changes) at different timepoints: 1 day, 2 weeks and 5 weeks of daily rotenone exposure. Based on the behavioral data, we can describe three stages of pathology: cognitive changes from week 2 of rotenone exposure, subtle motor changes in week 3–4 and motor dysfunction starting roughly from week 4. Neuropathological changes in this model include a general decrease in COX activity in different areas of the brain (acute effect of rotenone) and a more specific decrease in midbrain (chronic effect), followed by significant neurodegeneration in SNpc but not VTA by the 5th week of rotenone exposure. However, we were unable to find changes in the level of monoamine neurotransmitters neither in the striatum nor in the cortex, nor in the level of lipid peroxidation in the brainstem. Thus, the gradual progression of pathology in this model is linked with metabolic changes, rather than with oxidative stress or tonic neurotransmitter release levels. Overall, this study supports the idea that a low-dose rotenone mouse model can also reproduce different stages of PD as well as rats.
Effect of Liquidity, Leverage, and Working Capital Turn on Profitability

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of liquidity, leverage, and working capital turnover on profitability in coal mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2020. The data used in this study is quantitative. The data used is secondary data. The Sampling technique used is purposive sampling, and there were 12 firms with research for four years; this obtained 48 observations. The data analysis method used in this study is Panel data regression analysis using reviews 9. The F test result is an F-statistic of 143.6753 > F Table (2.82) and a Prob (F-statistic) value of 0.000000 < 0.05, which means liquidity, leverage, and working capital turnover have a significant effect on profitability. The results of the liquidity t-test are a t statistic (1.198727) < t table (2.01537) and the value of Prob. 0.2371 > 0.05 means that liquidity has no significant effect on profitability. The results of the t-test leverage t statistic (20.47374) > t table (2.01537) and the value of Prob. 0.0000 > 0.05 means that leverage has a significant effect on profitability. The results of the t-test of working capital turnover t statistic (0.986827) < t table (2.01537) and the value of Prob. 0.3291> 0.05 means that working capital turnover has no significant effect on the profitability of coal mining sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Serum Proteomic Changes in Dogs with Different Stages of Chronic Heart Failure

Simple Summary Canine MMVD is a progressive chronic disease with variable clinical signs, with some patients remaining completely asymptomatic while others develop CHF. Here, the aims of the pilot study were to evaluate serum proteins by proteomic analysis in dogs at different stages of chronic heart failure (CHF) due to degenerative mitral valve disease (MMVD), and how these proteins can change after a conventional treatment. Study revealed 157 different proteins; 11 were up- and 21 down-regulated at a statistically significant level in dogs with CHF compared to controls. Based on the bioinformatic analysis, protein–protein interactions between complement proteins, fibrinogen subtypes and others (albumin precursor, serpins, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain, fetuin, clusterin, apolipoproteins, and alpha-glycoproteins) showed that pathophysiology of CHF seems to be more sophisticated than we had thought. These proteins are associated with several cellular, biologic, and metabolic processes such as immune-inflammatory responses, hemostasis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism, which might be detrimental in the progression of canine CHF. Their molecular and biological functions as well as roles in the signaling pathways, such as inflammation, cadherin signaling, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling and Wnt signaling make them possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatments in dogs with different stages of CHF. Abstract MMVD, the most common cause of CHF in dogs, is a chronic disease with variable clinical signs, with some patients remaining asymptomatic while others develop CHF. Here, we aimed to evaluate serum proteins by proteomic analysis in dogs at different stages of CHF due to MMVD, and proteome behaviors after conventional treatment. A total of 32 dogs were divided equally into four groups—stage A (healthy/controls), stage B2 (asymptomatic), stage C and stage D (symptomatic)—according to the ACVIM consensus. Serum proteomes were evaluated using LC/MS-based label-free differential proteome analysis. The study revealed 157 different proteins; 11 were up- and 21 down-regulated in dogs with CHF compared to controls. In stage B2 dogs, angiotensinogen (AGT) was up-regulated, but immunoglobulin iota chain-like, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and carboxypeptidase (CPN) were down-regulated. In stage C dogs, complement C3 (C3) and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain were up-regulated, but hemopexin, and actin-cytoplasmic-1 (ACT-1) were down-regulated. In stage D dogs, AGT was up-regulated, whereas tetranectin, paraoxonase-1, adiponectin and ACT-1 were down-regulated. A decrease in CPN, C3 and AGT and an increase in ACT-1 were observed after treatment of dogs in stage C. This pilot study identified that dogs at different stages of CHF show different serum protein composition which has potential to be biomarker for diagnose and treatment monitorization.
Cumulative Sun Exposure and Melanoma in a Population-Based Case–Control Study: Does Sun Sensitivity Matter?

Simple Summary Melanoma has been clearly shown to be related to sunburns and other types of intermittent sun exposure. It is less clear how cumulative sun exposure is related to melanoma. In this case–control study, the cumulative hours of sun exposure per day were examined between spring and fall each year over periods or decades of life to estimate lifetime hours of sun exposure. No associations were found before the age of 60. However, when stratified by fair skin color, we found little or no association with hours of sun exposure among fair-skinned individuals, but found an increased risk for higher hours of sun exposure among medium- or darker-skinned individuals for lifetime exposure. Abstract Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has consistently been associated with intermittent sun exposure, while the association with chronic sun exposure is debated. The goal of this research was to examine the complex relationship between CM, sun sensitivity and sun exposure based on theoretical concepts of how these factors may be associated. Detailed sun exposure histories across life periods and various measures of sun sensitivity were collected in a population-based case–control study of melanoma in Iowa, USA. Participants were asked about their hours of sun exposure per day between March and October each year over periods or decades of life to estimate cumulative lifetime hours of sun exposure. Increased odds ratios (ORs) for CM were seen for most standard measures of sun sensitivity except for the tendency to sunburn. Minimal associations were seen with total hours of sun exposure early in life. However, an interaction was seen between fair skin color and lifetime hours of sun exposure, where the strongest associations with CM were seen among medium-skinned and dark-skinned participants. This suggests that cumulative sun exposure at high levels may increase CM among non-sun-sensitive individuals typically at lower risk of CM. Such a finding has implications for the prevention effort for melanoma regarding time in the sun among darker-skinned individuals.
Diversity and Molecular Phylogeny of Pagurid Hermit Crabs (Anomura: Paguridae: Pagurus)

Species of the genus Pagurus have diversified into a wide variety of marine habitats across the world. Despite their worldwide abundance, the genus diversity and biogeographical relationship are relatively less understood at species-level. We evaluated the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity among the Pagurus species based on publicly available mitochondrial and nuclear markers. While independent analyses of different markers allowed for larger coverage of taxa and produced largely consistent results, the concatenation of 16S and COI partial sequences led to higher confidence in the phylogenetic relationships. Our analyses established several monophyletic species clusters, substantially corresponding to the previously established morphology-based species groups. The comprehensive species inclusion in the molecular phylogeny resolved the taxonomic position of a number of recently described species that had not been assigned to any morpho-group. In mitochondrial markers-based phylogenies, the “Provenzanoi” group was identified as the basal lineage of Pagurus. The divergence time estimation of the major groups of Pagurus revealed that the Pacific species originated and diversified from the Atlantic lineages around 25–51 MYA. The molecular results suggested a higher inter-regional species diversity and complex phylogenetic relationships within the diverse and heterogeneous members of the genus Pagurus. The study presents a comprehensive snapshot of the diversity of pagurid hermit crabs across multiple geographic regions.
Operational Effects of Transverse Rumble Strips on Approaches to High-Speed Intersections

The objective of this study was to determine whether the application of transverse rumble strips was an effective warning device for drivers approaching high-speed intersections. Performance was evaluated for attention-getting characteristics, driver speed choice, and braking behavior. Five intersection approaches on US-280 in Alabama were selected and monitored during both daytime and nighttime conditions. Acoustic and tactile signatures were measured by a specially equipped passenger car under different speed ranges. To examine effectiveness on speed changes, vehicle mean speeds were recorded by radar measurements along the approach to the intersections: 400 ft (122 m) upstream of the transverse rumble strips, right before the transverse rumble strips, and right after the transverse rumble strips. Video cameras were also in place to survey the brake lights of vehicles driving over the transverse rumble strips to quantify driver behavior. An analysis of variance F-test and Tukey’s honest significance test revealed that the strips created a recognizable amount of interior noise and vibration when an automobile crossed over the transverse rumble strips. The installation of transverse rumble strips generally produced statistically significant (p ≤ .05) reductions in approach speeds. During daytime and at night, drivers drove at lower speeds through the intersections compared with the initial upstream speed. The transverse rumble strips also exerted certain effects on driver braking behavior.
The Effect of Halal Awareness and Lifestyle on The Purchase Decision of Japanese Food in Jakarta

This study uses independent variables, namely halal awareness and lifestyle to know and analyze the influence of these two variables on Muslim consumers' purchasing decisions on Japanese food in Jakarta. This research study uses quantitative methods. The source of the population taken by the researcher comes from Muslim consumers who have visited or have purchased food products from Japanese restaurants in Jakarta. For the number of samples in this study using as many as 150 respondents from consumers of Yoshinoya, Pepper Lunch, and Ramen Seirock-Ya restaurants in the Jakarta area. The data collection instrument studied was obtained by distributing questionnaires. To determine the magnitude of the influence of variables in this study, the analytical technique used is multiple linear analysis. SPSS (Statistics Package for Social science) software version 20 is the tool used to process this study. The results of the tests carried out showed that the variables of halal awareness and lifestyle had a positive and significant effect partially and jointly on the purchasing decisions of Muslim consumers on Japanese food in Jakarta.
Simultaneous occurrence of tropical cyclones on either side of the equator in the Indian Ocean area

Malurkar (1950) postulated the formation of depressions or cyclones on both Sides of equator within a narrow ( <=40°) longitudinal belt, Pisharoty and Kulkarni (1956) conducted some case studies and Came to the conclusion that they do form as postulated by Malurkar and there is mutual interaction with one another so much so that when one system Intensifies the other weakens, Kuettner (1967) opined that the existence and, alignment of hills in Sumatra are responsible for simultaneous occurrences of storms and depressions on both sides of equator, To verify the above conclusions the present study was undertaken, It covers an 11 year period from 1964 to 1974. During the period as many as 14 storms/depressions formed on both sides of equator. Of course, there were some years when such systems did not develop, They form in transition months with a bias towards the post monsoon season, Kuettner's conclusions are generally supported. Pisharoty and Kulkarni's conclusions could not be supported, by the present study, Malurkar's conclusion that two tropical storms cannot both continue to move westwards and co-exist on either side of the equator when the longitudinal separation is small (<=10°) is also supported.
Teaching, service and community integration as a strategy for reorienting undergraduate health training

The teaching-service-community integration is an important strategy for achieving changes in the training of human resources in health, in order to train professionals with a profile to work in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, as per its Portuguese acronym). This study analyzed how it occurs and what are the contributions of the teaching-service-community integration in the view of professors from the first to the seventh period of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry programs at a university in northeastern Brazil. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using an interview form and analyzed with the help of SPSS software. The descriptive analysis of the data, the chi-square test and the calculation of the internal consistency of the evaluation scale were used. The study had the participation of 106 professors. Results show that practices were still predominantly performed in university clinics and hospitals, 76 (71.7%). Most professors, 59 (56.7%), consider the teaching-service-community interaction very important for the quality of training and recognize its importance in strengthening SUS, 89 (85.6%). Although there was resistance on the part of some professors to follow-up students in extramural services, most of them, 94 (89.5%), consider the role of professors as essential for changing health practices, especially professors in nursing and dentistry professors that carry out extramural practices (p < 0.01). Interdisciplinary practices were performed more frequently in the first two periods of the three courses and by the nursing course (p = 0.001). In turn, multiprofessional interaction predominates in the practical classes of the nursing course and practices held outside the university domain (p < 0.01). It is evident the need to institutionalize the teaching-service-community interaction, as well as to value initiatives that streamline and make teaching more flexible in multiprofessional and interdisciplinary activities, fundamental for the amendment of training in health.
Positive Mental Health in University Students and Its Relations with Psychological Vulnerability, Mental Health Literacy, and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Descriptive Correlational Study

This study aimed to evaluate positive mental health (PMH) and its relation with sociodemographic characteristics, mental health literacy, and the psychological vulnerability scale (PVS) in Portuguese university students aged 17 to 62. A descriptive correlational study was carried out. An online survey was conducted to evaluate demographic variables, and several questionnaires were applied to evaluate positive mental health, psychological vulnerability, and mental health literacy. The data was collected from 1 November 2019 to 1 September 2020. Overall, 3405 students participated in the study. The results show that 67.8% of students revealed a high level of PMH, 31.6% presented a medium level of PMH, and 0.6% had a low level of PMH. Male students reported higher personal satisfaction (t (3170) = −2.39, p = 0.017) and autonomy (t (3170) = −3.33, p = 0.001) in PMH compared to female students. Students without a scholarship scored higher (t (3127) = −2.04, p = 0.42) in PMH than students who held a scholarship. Students who were not displaced from their home reported higher (t (3170) = −1.99, p = 0.047) self-control in PMH than those displaced from their home. University students with higher PMH results had lower PVS results and higher literacy results. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying students’ PMH intervention needs.