Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-eddy simulation study of multi-rotor wind turbines

A novel wind turbine configuration comprising of four identical rotors mounted on a single tower is studied using large-eddy simulation (LES) with turbine forces modeled using an actuator drag-disk model. The characteristics of the wakes of the multi-rotor turbine are compared to those of the wake of a conventional turbine comprised of a single rotor per tower. The single-rotor turbine has twice the diameter and the same thrust coefficient as the rotors of the multi-rotor turbine. Several multi-rotor configurations, with varying horizontal and vertical spacings between the four rotors, are evaluated. The multi-rotor turbine wakes are found to recover faster, while the turbulence intensity in the wake is smaller, compared to the wake of the conventional turbine. The mean velocity profiles obtained from the LES results are predicted accurately by a semi-analytical model assuming Gaussian radial profiles of the velocity deficits, and either linear or quadratic superposition of multiple wakes. The classical Jensen wake model, assuming top-hat radial profiles, with quadratic superposition of wakes is also found to accurately predict the decay of the axial mean velocity in the streamwise direction. The interaction between multiple multi-rotor turbines is contrasted with that between multiple single-rotor turbines by considering wind farms with five turbine units aligned perfectly with each other and the wind direction and separated by four single-rotor diameters. The wake losses are found to be significantly smaller in such a wind farm comprising of multi-rotor turbines as compared to single-rotor turbines. The top-hat analytical model is employed to quantify the benefits of the multi-rotor configuration over the conventional single-rotor configuration for a wide range of thrust coefficients and axial spacings. These results suggest that a larger planform energy flux can be achieved without significantly increased fatigue loads by using multi-rotor turbines instead of conventional, single-rotor turbines.
Solving High-dimensional Linear Stochastic Partial Differential Equations via A Kernel-based Approximation Method

In this paper, we improve and complete the theoretical results of the kernel-based approximation (collocation) method for solving the high-dimensional stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) given in our previous papers. According to the extended theorems, we can use more general positive definite kernels to construct the kernel-based estimators to approximate the numerical solutions of the SPDEs. Because a parabolic SPDE driven by Lévy noises can be discretized into serval elliptic SPDEs by the implicit Euler scheme at time. We mainly focus on how to solve a system of elliptic SPDEs driven by various kinds of right-handside random noises. The kernel-based approximate solution of the elliptic SPDEs is a linear combination of the positive definite kernel with the differential and boundary operators of the SPDEs centered at the chosen collocation points, and its random coefficients are obtained by solving a system of random linear equations, whose random parts are simulated by the elliptic SPDEs. Moreover, we introduce the error bounds – confident intervals – of the kernel-based approximate solutions of the elliptic (parabolic) SPDEs in terms of fill distances (or possible time distances) in the probability sense. We also give a well coding algorithm to compute the kernel-based solutions of the second-order parabolic SPDEs driven by time and space Poisson noises. The two-dimensional numerical experiments show that the approximate probability distributions of the kernel-based solutions are well-behave for the Sobolev-spline kernels and the compact support kernels.
Trait representation of embodied cognition in dancers pivoting on the extended mirror neuron system: a resting-state fMRI study

Introduction Dance is an art form that integrates the body and mind through movement. Dancers develop exceptional physical and mental abilities that involve various neurocognitive processes linked to embodied cognition. We propose that dancers’ primary trait representation is movement-actuated and relies on the extended mirror neuron system (eMNS). Methods A total of 29 dancers and 28 non-dancer controls were recruited. A hierarchical approach of intra-regional and inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) analysis was adopted to probe trait-like neurodynamics within and between regions in the eMNS during rest. Correlation analyses were employed to examine the associations between dance training, creativity, and the FC within and between different brain regions. Results Within the eMNS, dancers exhibited increased intra-regional FC in various brain regions compared to non-dancers. These regions include the left inferior frontal gyrus, left ventral premotor cortex, left anterior insula, left posterior cerebellum (crus II), and bilateral basal ganglia (putamen and globus pallidus). Dancers also exhibited greater intrinsic inter-regional FC between the cerebellum and the core/limbic mirror areas within the eMNS. In dancers, there was a negative correlation observed between practice intensity and the intrinsic FC within the eMNS involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Additionally, FCs from the basal ganglia to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were found to be negatively correlated with originality in dancers. Discussion Our results highlight the proficient communication within the cortical-subcortical hierarchy of the eMNS in dancers, linked to the automaticity and cognitive-motor interactions acquired through training. Altered functional couplings in the eMNS can be regarded as a unique neural signature specific to virtuoso dancers, which might predispose them for skilled dancing performance, perception, and creation.
Video as a Media of Sexual Education for Adolescence

Problems that often arise in adolescents are sexuality, such as premarital sexual behavior. One of the causes of premarital sex is the lack of knowledge of adolescents about sex education. This knowledge is one of the factors that determine the attitude of adolescents in responding to the information received. This study aims to create video media to provide sexual health education to adolescents. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model. The subjects in this study were five junior high school adolescents aged 11-14 years and one media expert, two material experts, and one language expert. Data were collected through interview guideline instruments and questionnaire sheets—data analysis of the validation questionnaire sheet and student response assessment with quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the research developing sexual education videos for adolescents are very good or feasible to be tested because based on the results of the validity test by media experts getting a score of 4.7, tarbiyah jinisiyah material experts with a score of 4.77, reproductive health material experts with a score of 4.58, linguists with a score of 4.3, and student response assessment with a score of 4.65. Thus, the sexual education video media for adolescents is in the very good category or declared feasible to be tested. The implications of this research are expected to reduce violence and sexual crimes in children because children can apply sex education, especially to protect themselves.
Investigating the Role of PM6:Y7 Layer Thickness on Optimizing Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Performance Through Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis

Recently, there has been significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency of non-fullerene organic solar cells, exceeding 19%. In this article, we have fabricated conventional sandwich structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y7/PDINO/Ag reaching efficiency up to 17.3% along with high generated current density of 30.60 mA/cm 2 for the optimized devices. The thickness of PM6:Y7 layer has been varied to investigate the impact on the overall device behavior. The obtained results showed that the PCE has been enhanced by 15% upon reducing its thickness from 150 nm to 100 nm. Accordingly, current-voltage measurements and impedance spectroscopy analysis through capacitance-voltage, Mott-Schottky analysis and capacitance frequency under different illumination intensities were conducted to evaluate the behaviour of the charge recombination due to thickness variation of the PM6:Y7 photoactive layer.
Sensitivity analysis of indoor air distribution performances in an office room with ceiling cooling and mechanical ventilation

A hybrid system with a ceiling cooling (CC) system and a mechanical ventilation system has been extensively applied in modern office buildings with large sensible cooling loads. Both the chilled ceiling and supply air may greatly influence indoor air distribution in the office room. Therefore in this paper, indoor air distribution performances in a ceiling cooling room with underfloor air distribution (UFAD) or mixing ventilation (MV) were sensitively analyzed by numerical simulation. Indoor air distribution performances, which were evaluated by the heat removal effectiveness, contamination removal effectiveness and air diffusion performance index, were quantitatively analyzed by using the orthogonal experiment method. The results showed that when the supply air temperature was 18 °C-24 °C for CC + UFAD and 16 °C-21 °C for CC + MV, the heat removal effectiveness changed by 0.01 with 1 °C increment of supply air temperature or ceiling surface temperature, and the contamination removal effectiveness increased by 0.001-0.002 with 1 W/m2 increment of external sensible cooling load. Moreover, the air diffusion performance index increased by 0.6%-1.1% with 1 °C increment of supply air temperature, and it decreased by 0.02% with 1 W/m2 increment of internal sensible cooling load. Finally, formulas of heat removal effectiveness, contamination removal effectiveness and air diffusion performance index for CC + UFAD and CC + MV were obtained by fitting, and they may provide guidance for the optimal design and control of a hybrid system with a ceiling cooling system and a mechanical ventilation system.
Vibrational and structural dynamics of graphyne

Graphyne (GYs) is a class of 2D carbon allotropes with highly π-conjugated structure consisting of sp- and sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms, leading to unique molecular configuration and electronic structure, showing excellent electrical, mechanical, photoelectric and semiconducting properties, and having great potentials in gas–separation, chemical-reaction catalysis, energy–storage, and sensor applications. GYs can be classified into several structural forms, including graphdiyne (GDY) and graphtriyne (GTY). Structural characterisation is crucial for understanding the relationship between their structure and properties. At present, quite a few experimental methods, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, have been used to characterise the structure of GYs. This review focuses on the structural and vibrational characterisations of GYs using Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies. The vibrational signature, including linear and nonlinear IR characteristics of the periodically appearing bond, will be reviewed. The intensity enhanced stretching mode as an IR marker in monitoring vibrational energy redistribution and transfer in GYs will be discussed. This review will shed light on the understanding of the structures and structural distributions, and vibrational energy-transfer pathways of the GY systems, which are important for their design, fabrication and applications.
Development of a mathematical model for submarine granular flows

An Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase model based on a collisional-frictional law for the granular stress is proposed for the description of underwater granular flows and is applied to the collapses of immersed granular columns, which can be viewed as an idealized physical model of submarine landslides. In the mathematical model, the kinetic theory for dry granular flows is extended to take into account the particle-fluid interaction when formulating the collisional stress in the granular material, while the frictional stress is modeled based on an existing relation obtained by statistically averaging the individual contact forces among cohesionless particles. The drag force and the virtual-mass force are considered to represent the inter-phase interaction. The two-phase model is then employed to simulate the laboratory experiments of the collapses of granular columns immersed in an ambient liquid with an emphasis on the effect of the initial packing condition of the granular particles. It has been shown that the computed collapsing process of granular columns is in very good agreement with the experimental observations, and the proposed model can well capture the dynamic features of underwater granular flows. The effects of fluid pressure, drag force, and particle and fluid properties on the granular collapse are also discussed. It is demonstrated that the interstitial fluid flow plays a significant role in the collapsing process.An Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase model based on a collisional-frictional law for the granular stress is proposed for the description of underwater granular flows and is applied to the collapses of immersed granular columns, which can be viewed as an idealized physical model of submarine landslides. In the mathematical model, the kinetic theory for dry granular flows is extended to take into account the particle-fluid interaction when formulating the collisional stress in the granular material, while the frictional stress is modeled based on an existing relation obtained by statistically averaging the individual contact forces among cohesionless particles. The drag force and the virtual-mass force are considered to represent the inter-phase interaction. The two-phase model is then employed to simulate the laboratory experiments of the collapses of granular columns immersed in an ambient liquid with an emphasis on the effect of the initial packing condition of the granular particles. It has been shown that th.
Biopsychosocial Models of Peripartum Depression: A Narrative Review

Background: Peripartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent, heterogeneous disorder with various underlying mechanisms and unwanted outcomes. Substantial uncertainty surrounding PPD aetiology exists. To comprehensively investigate PPD, research is adopting the biopsychosocial theoretical model highlighting the interplay between biological and psychosocial factors. This paper aims to provide an overview of risk factors and biopsychosocial models of PPD. Method: A literature search was conducted in databases to identify risk factors and biopsychosocial models of PPD. Results: The most robust biological and psychosocial risk factors of PPD and findings from integrative studies are outlined. Several biopsychosocial models are identified, explaining antepartum, postpartum or peripartum depression. Integrative models show promise but differ in conceptualisation and proposed aetiological pathways underlying PPD. Conclusion: Biopsychosocial principles should be applied throughout the perinatal research and healthcare provision as a necessary landmark towards guiding future theory, improving maternal mental health care and ensuring better outcomes for mothers and children.
Structural Risk Minimization-Driven Genetic Programming for Enhancing Generalization in Symbolic Regression

Generalization ability, which reflects the prediction ability of a learned model, is an important property in genetic programming (GP) for symbolic regression. Structural risk minimization (SRM) is a framework providing a reliable estimation of the generalization performance of prediction models. Introducing the framework into GP has the potential to drive the evolutionary process toward models with good generalization performance. However, this is tough due to the difficulty in obtaining the Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) dimension of nonlinear models. To address this difficulty, this paper proposes an SRM-driven GP approach, which uses an experimental method (instead of theoretical estimation) to measure the VC dimension of a mixture of linear and nonlinear regression models for the first time. The experimental method has been conducted using uniform and nonuniform settings. The results show that our method has impressive generalization gains over standard GP and GP with the 0.632 bootstrap, and that the proposed method using the nonuniform setting has further improvement than its counterpart using the uniform setting. Further analyzes reveal that the proposed method can evolve more compact models, and that the behavioral difference between these compact models and the target models is much smaller than their counterparts evolved by the other GP methods.
Magnetoencephalography-based approaches to epilepsy classification

Epilepsy is a chronic central nervous system disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Not only does epilepsy severely affect the daily life of the patient, but the risk of premature death in patients with epilepsy is three times higher than that of the normal population. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive, high temporal and spatial resolution electrophysiological data that provides a valid basis for epilepsy diagnosis, and used in clinical practice to locate epileptic foci in patients with epilepsy. It has been shown that MEG helps to identify MRI-negative epilepsy, contributes to clinical decision-making in recurrent seizures after previous epilepsy surgery, that interictal MEG can provide additional localization information than scalp EEG, and complete excision of the stimulation area defined by the MEG has prognostic significance for postoperative seizure control. However, due to the complexity of the MEG signal, it is often difficult to identify subtle but critical changes in MEG through visual inspection, opening up an important area of research for biomedical engineers to investigate and implement intelligent algorithms for epilepsy recognition. At the same time, the use of manual markers requires significant time and labor costs, necessitating the development and use of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that use classifiers to automatically identify abnormal activity. In this review, we discuss in detail the results of applying various different feature extraction methods on MEG signals with different classifiers for epilepsy detection, subtype determination, and laterality classification. Finally, we also briefly look at the prospects of using MEG for epilepsy-assisted localization (spike detection, high-frequency oscillation detection) due to the unique advantages of MEG for functional area localization in epilepsy, and discuss the limitation of current research status and suggestions for future research. Overall, it is hoped that our review will facilitate the reader to quickly gain a general understanding of the problem of MEG-based epilepsy classification and provide ideas and directions for subsequent research.
The SEC Review of Earnings Conference Calls

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reviews companies’ mandatory filings and issues comment letters to ensure compliance with applicable financial reporting requirements. We explore the nature, determinants, and consequences of SEC comment letters that refer to information disclosed in voluntary earnings conference calls. First, we provide a rich descriptive analysis of the subject and format of conference call disclosures targeted by the SEC. Next, we document that conference call comment letters are more likely when filing reviews are more complex and conference calls are informative; these comment letters are less likely when SEC staff are resource-constrained. We find that factors associated with overall regulatory scrutiny and firm visibility are not strong drivers of SEC attention to conference calls. In terms of consequences, we find that comment letters referencing calls are associated with higher-quality reviews, and we observe higher remediation costs for these letters. Finally, we show that relative to the typical filing review process, SEC use of conference call disclosures leads to more changes in firms’ future mandatory disclosures along with an increase in overall information asymmetry. Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4501693 1
Similar additive effects of doxorubicin in combination with photon or proton irradiation in soft tissue sarcoma models

High-precision radiotherapy with proton beams is frequently used in the management of aggressive soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and is often combined with doxorubicin (Dox), the first-line chemotherapy for STS. However, current treatment approaches continue to result in high local recurrence rates often occurring within the treatment field. This strongly indicates the need of optimized treatment protocols taking the vast heterogeneity of STS into account, thereby fostering personalized treatment approaches. Here, we used preclinical STS models to investigate the radiation response following photon (X) or proton (H) irradiation alone and in combination with different treatment schedules of Dox. As preclinical models, fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcoma (GCT), and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell lines were used; the latter two are mutated for TP53. The cellular response regarding clonogenic survival, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, proliferation, viability, morphology, and motility was investigated. The different STS cell types revealed a dose-dependent radiation response with reduced survival, proliferation, viability, and motility whereas G2/M phase arrest as well as apoptosis were induced. RD cells showed the most radiosensitive phenotype; the linear quadratic model fit could not be applied. In combined treatment schedules, Dox showed the highest efficiency when applied after or before and after radiation; Dox treatment only before radiation was less efficient. GCT cells were the most chemoresistant cell line in this study most probably due to their TP53 mutation status. Interestingly, similar additive effects could be observed for X or H irradiation in combination with Dox treatment. However, the additive effects were determined more frequently for X than for H irradiation. Thus, further investigations are needed to specify alternative drug therapies that display superior efficacy when combined with H therapy.
A Study to Assess Indian Patients’ Expectations of Check-Up and Diagnosis or Discussion about Treatment at their Initial Orthodontic Visit

Aim: To access the patient's expectations of orthodontic treatment at the first visit. Materials and Methods: Three hundred new patients to the orthodontics department were included in the analysis. Their demographic details and their opinions on what they hoped to gain from orthodontic treatment were gleaned from their replies to a well-crafted questionnaire. Results: Most respondents were more concerned with the cosmetic results of orthodontic treatment than they were with the therapy's practical benefits. They hoped that after having their teeth straightened, they would feel more comfortable interacting with others and have a better overall appearance. In terms of improving one's job and making one's speaking simpler, the mean scores were the lowest. The female participants averaged higher marks than the male participants across all areas studied, with the greatest mark coming in the area of improved smiles. Conclusion: An effective outcome from orthodontic therapy requires full patient participation. Before beginning treatment, it is important for the orthodontist and patient to have an agreement on the patient's reasonable expectations for the therapy's outcomes.