Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geophysical Mars Analog Studies of Multiphase Water in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Northwestern Alaska

GEOPHYSICAL MARS ANALOG STUDIES OF MULTIPHASE WATER IN THE GREAT KOBUK SAND DUNES, NORTHWESTERN ALASKA. C. L. Dinwiddie (cdinwiddie@swri.org), R. N. McGinnis, D. E. Stillman, K. L. Bjella, and R. E. Grimm. Geosciences and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, Colorado 80302, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Ft. Wainwright, Alaska 99703.
Discourse on the Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax in Indonesia: The Multistakeholder and Consumers' Perspectives

This study aims to discuss the perspectives of multiple stakeholders on the sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) tax in Indonesia. The objective is to construct a framework for the applicability of the SSB tax in the Indonesian context, drawing from case studies in other countries and taking into account the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. We employed content analysis for data collection, which involved two steps: a desk study and a focus group discussion (FGD). The desk study examined the relevance of SSB taxation in various selected countries, while the FGD focused on the main opportunities and challenges associated with implementing SSB taxes in Indonesia. Our findings indicated that the Indonesian market for SSB products is similar to the cases studied in other countries. Therefore, implementing a taxation strategy to address price affordability would be an effective approach to controlling SSB consumption. Despite the opportunities for applying SSB taxes in Indonesia, there is a need for greater public awareness, requiring more intensive persuasive and promotional measures. It is also important to carefully consider anticipatory measures to mitigate potential interference from the industry.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer and Surveillance of Premalignant Gastric Lesions: A Prospective Cohort Study of Central Saudi Arabia

(1) Background: Saudi Arabia (SA) is a country with a low incidence of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we sought to assess the epidemiology of GC, its clinicopathological profiles, and its association with risk factors as well as to identify premalignant gastric lesions (PGL) and examine neoplastic progression. (2) Methods: This five-year prospective study screened for GC and PGL in asymptomatic Saudi patients, aged 45–75 years (n = 35,640) and living in Al Kharj, Riyadh province in central SA. Those who were positive in a high-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test (HSgFOBT+) and had negative results in colonoscopy offered to undergo upper GI endoscopy (n = 1242). Factors associated with GC were examined. (3) Results: The five-year participation rate was 87% (1080/1242). The incidence rate of GC was 26.9 new cases per 100,000 population per year (9.6 new cases per year/total population at risk—35,640), and it was 8.9 cases per 1000 persons per year among the 1080 subjects with HSgFOBT+ and negative colonoscopy results. The five-year mortality rate was 67% among patients with GC (n = 48), 3.0% among participants in the gastric screening program (n = 1080) and 0.09% among the original population participating in the colorectal screening program (n = 35,640). Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma was the most frequent type (77%), with the tumor most commonly located in the antrum (41%). Overall, 334 participants had PGL, and seven of them (2.1%) showed neoplastic progression to GC during the follow-up. Factors associated with GC were age, Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, obesity (body mass index BMI > 30), smoking, a diet of salty preserved foods, low income and a family history of GC. (4) Conclusions: The incidence of GC is low in central SA, but screening for PGL and GC among patients with HSgFOBT+ and negative colonoscopy may prevent or result in the early treatment of GC. HP eradication, normal body weight, not smoking and adhering to a healthy diet can reduce the risk of GC. The resulting data provide important input for the improvement of national guidelines.
How the cognitive reserve interacts with amyloid deposition β in mitigating FDG metabolism : An observational study

This observational study had the aim to assess the interaction between cognitive reserve (CR) and cerebrospinal fluid b-amyloid1-42 (Ab1-42) in modulating brain [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) metabolism in patients with moderate Alzheimer disease (AD). Twenty-seven patients with probable AD and 25 neurological normal subjects (NNS) entered the study. All participants had an FDG-PET scan, and AD patients also received a lumbar puncture to measure Ab1-42, 181p-tau, and Tau concentrations. Based on years of formal education, AD patients were classified as highly educated-AD (years of formal education >5) or less educated-AD (years of formal education <5). By using a voxel-wise approach, we first investigated differences in the cerebral glucose uptake between AD and NNS, then we assessed the interaction between level of education (a proxy of CR) and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers on FDG-PET metabolism in the patient groups. Significantly lower glucose uptake was observed in the posterior cingulate gyrus, in the precuneus, in the inferior and medial temporal gyrus, and in the inferior parietal lobule of AD patients compared with NNS. A significant interaction was found between CR and Ab1-42 values on brain metabolism in the inferior and medial temporal gyrus bilaterally. The AD patients with higher CR level and marked signs of neuropathology showed glucose hypometabolism in regions typically targeted by AD pathology. This finding supports the hypothesis that CR partially compensates for the effect of Ab plaques on cognitive impairment, helps in patients’ clinical staging, and opens new possibilities for the development of nonpharmacological interventions. Abbreviations: 181p-tau = hyperphosphorylated tau at threonine 181, Ab1-42 = b-amyloid1-42, AD = Alzheimer disease, ADL = activities of daily living, CD = clock design, CR = cognitive reserve, CSF biomarkers = cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, CT = computerized tomography, F = female, FAB = frontal assessment battery, FDG-PET = [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, GDS = 15-Item Geriatric Depression Scale, GU = cerebral glucose uptake, HE-AD = highly educated-AD, IADL = instrumental ADL, LE-AD = less educated-AD, M = male, MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination, NNS = neurological normal subjects, ROIs = regions of interest, SD = standard deviation, Tau = total tau.
Attraction and passage efficiency for salmonids and non‐salmonids based on fishway: A meta‐analysis approach

Globally, fishways perform better when the target fish species are salmonids rather than non‐salmonids. In the past few decades, engineers and dam managers have attempted to identify an ideal fishway type that can fit all migratory orders. To determine a general rule for selecting fishway types, we classified all fish orders into two groups (salmonids and non‐salmonids) and analyzed the effect of different fishway types (i.e., nature‐like [NL], vertical slot [VS], pool and weir [PW], and denil [DL]) on upstream migration for both groups by conducting a meta‐analysis based on data from 64 studies of 76 fishways. The fishway performance was presented in terms of attraction efficiency (AE) and passage efficiency (PE). The results of a random‐effects model, including 257 and 299 estimates of AE and PE, respectively, showed fishway types only had a significant effect on AE for non‐salmonids. Technical fishways had a higher AE than NL fishways for salmonids, but were not applicable to non‐salmonids. The passage results of four fishway types indicated that the PW fishways exhibited the best performance for salmonids, but the poorest performance for non‐salmonids. Only DL fishways had a PE of over 50% for non‐salmonids, whereas all fishway types had that of over 60% for salmonids. Variations in the slope and length of VS fishways could significantly affect PE for both groups, however, the phenomenon for salmonids disappeared when merging all fishway types. Elevation changes had a significant effect only on the condition that salmonids passed through VS fishways. The results of this study play an important role in designing appropriate fishway types for different downstream fish fauna and can be better generalized by complementing quantitative evaluation studies of various fishways as much as possible.
Development of Toxicity Benchmarks and Bioaccumulation Data for N-based Organic Explosives for Terrestrial Plants and Soil Invertebrates

Abstract : The main goal of this project was to develop toxicity benchmarks acceptable for Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) of soil contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and nitroglycerin (NG), and for derivation of Draft Ecological Soil Screening Level (Eco-SSL) values for ecologically relevant soil biota.
Global methane pledge versus carbon dioxide emission reduction

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas whose contribution to anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate system is second only to carbon dioxide (CO2). CH4 emission reduction has become critical to global climate mitigation policy, resulting most notably in the global methane pledge (GMP), pledging a 30% reduction of CH4 emissions by 2030. Methane is, however, much shorter-lived in the atmosphere than CO2, so emissions reductions may have different impacts on global warming over time. We quantify the difference over time in global annual mean surface temperature of the GMP versus the equivalent amount of CO2 emission reduction. The avoidance of CH4 emissions in the 2020s due to the GMP initially results in greater relative cooling than the avoidance of the equivalent amount of CO2 emissions over the same period, but less relative cooling after ∼2060, when almost all CH4 emitted during the 2020s has been removed from the atmosphere but much of the CO2 emitted during the 2020s remains. However, if the GMP places the world on a lower CH4 emissions trajectory after 2030, this results in a persistently and substantially greater reduction to global warming than the equivalent change in the CO2 emissions trajectory, with a maximum difference of 0.22 ± 0.06 ∘C in 2055 and relative cooling for well over a century. This equates to a large difference in avoided climate change damages if momentum in CH4 emission reduction from the GMP can be sustained after the 2020s. While the greatest reduction in warming is obtained by reducing both CH4 and CO2 emissions, our results underscore the striking global societal benefits of sustained reduction in CH4 emissions.
Performance of maize cultivars for the production of sweet corn, baby corn, and fodder

Maize has multiple functions and can be used for human consumption, animal feed, or in industrial processes. Grain production has made Brazil a world reference. However, few cultivars are available despite the relevance of sweet corn, especially for family farmers. This is similar to baby corn, in which sweet corn or popcorn is used for its production. In the Brazilian semi-arid region, plant and animal production are limited by water deficit in the dry season. Therefore, the production of sweet and baby corn generates income from the commercialization of the ears and roughage production with the whole-plant harvest. This research has aimed to assess the agronomic performance of five cultivars for sweet corn, baby corn
Progesterone Exacerbates Striatal Stroke Injury in Progesterone-Deficient Female Print

Animals Progesterone Exacerbates Striatal Stroke Injury in Progesterone-Deficient Female Print ISSN: 0039-2499. Online ISSN: 1524-4628 Copyright © 2000 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Stroke doi: 10.1161/01.STR. 31.5. 1173 2000;31:1173-1178 Stroke. http://stroke.ahajournals. org/content/31/5/1173 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Development of Fortified Breads Enriched with Plant-Based Bioactive Peptides Derived from the Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Expeller

By-products from the industrialization of oilseeds, particularly chia, can be sustainably used for the development of new functional products. In this work, wheat breads supplemented with up to 10 mg of chia expeller hydrolysate/g of flour were prepared, obtaining fortified breads with acceptability for consumption, according to a preliminary consumer research study based on an affective test employing a five-point hedonic scale of global acceptance. In this context, protein hydrolysates of the chia expeller were produced using Alcalase, reaching a degree of hydrolysis of 54.3 ± 1.6% with an antioxidant activity of 55.8 ± 0.4% after 6 h incubation at 25 °C in the presence of the enzyme. These peptides showed appropriate techno-functional properties and chemical compositions suitable for the further development of bakery products. Taken together, our approach and the development of a fortified bread with plant-based bioactive peptides provide a novel and eco-friendly alternative for the recovery of nutrients from agro-industrial waste. More importantly, these enriched breads could exert beneficial effects on human health by exploiting the antioxidant properties of functional peptides derived from the chia expeller.
Impact of Blood Pressure on Risk of Graft Failure or Death Among Patients After Kidney Transplantation in a 10-Year Observational Period: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Background Hypertension is a risk factor for graft failure and mortality among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim of the study was to examine blood pressure (BP) as a factor that contributes to graft failure or death during a 10-year observation period. Material/Methods The study group comprised 70 KTRs who were treated according to their clinical state. Data were collected at 1 month and 1 year after transplantation and included office and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) BP values, eGFR, proteinuria, and BMI. During the observation period, 6 patients died, and 10 lost the graft, but not during the first year. Results Office and ABPM BP values were within normal ranges and did not differ from each other. eGRF and BMI were higher at 1 year compared to 1 month after transplantation, and proteinuria decreased. Among those who died, DBP was lower compared to those of survivors with graft failure. Proteinuria and donor age were positively correlated with BP. Conclusions Monitoring of BP and adequate treatment of hypertension resulting in BP values within normal values among KTRs contribute to longer survival of the graft and recipient. Older donor age and proteinuria could predict post-transplant hypertension. Low diastolic BP of the recipient could increase the risk of death among KTRs. Despite the fact that ABPM is the blood pressure measurement method of choice, appropriate standard office measurement could also be used for BP monitoring.
Experimental Evaluation of Forward and Inverse Solvers for Metasurface Design

Electromagnetic forward and inverse solvers are considered for the analysis and design of electromagnetic metasur-faces. This paper reviews (i) a forward solver that takes the surface susceptibilities of metasurfaces and calculates their scattered fields and (ii) an inverse solver that takes user-defined desired power patterns and outputs the required metasurface properties. An omega-bianisotropic transmitting metasurface is then fabricated and measured to evaluate the performance of these forward and inverse solvers.
A Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of CKD Based on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Background In China, the spectrum of causes for CKD has been changing in recent years, and the proportion of CKD caused by cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension continues to increase. Thus, predicting CKD based on cardiometabolic risk factors can to a large extent help identify those at increased risk and facilitate the prevention of CKD. In this study, we aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting CKD risk based on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods We developed a nomogram for predicting CKD risk by using a subcohort population of the 4C study, which was located in central China. The prediction model was designed by using a logistic regression model, and a backwards procedure based on the Akaike information criterion was applied for variable selection. The performance of the model was evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), and Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The bootstrapping method was applied for internal validation. Results During the 3-years follow-up, 167 cases of CKD developed. By using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, the following factors were identified as predictors in the nomogram: age, sex, HbA1c, baseline eGFR, low HDL-C levels, high TC levels and SBP. The bootstrap-corrected C-index for the model was 0.84, which indicated good discrimination ability. The Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests yielded chi-square of 13.61 (P=0.192), and the calibration curves demonstrated good consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities, which indicated satisfactory calibration ability. Conclusion We developed a convenient and practicable nomogram for the 3‑year risk of incident CKD among a population in central China, which may help to identify high-risk individuals for CKD and contribute to the prevention of CKD.
Effects of Nitro-Oxidative Stress on Biomolecules: Part 1—Non-Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Plasma medicine, or the biomedical application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is an expanding field within plasma research. CAP has demonstrated remarkable versatility in diverse biological applications, including cancer treatment, wound healing, microorganism inactivation, and skin disease therapy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of CAP remain incompletely understood. The therapeutic effects of CAP are largely attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which play a crucial role in the biological responses induced by CAP. Specifically, RONS produced during CAP treatment have the ability to chemically modify cell membranes and membrane proteins, causing nitro-oxidative stress, thereby leading to changes in membrane permeability and disruption of cellular processes. To gain atomic-level insights into these interactions, non-reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as a valuable tool. These simulations facilitate the examination of larger-scale system dynamics, including protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the applications of non-reactive MD simulations in studying the effects of CAP on cellular components and interactions at the atomic level, providing a detailed overview of the potential of CAP in medicine. We also review the results of other MD studies that are not related to plasma medicine but explore the effects of nitro-oxidative stress on cellular components and are therefore important for a broader understanding of the underlying processes.
Solar Activity and Forest Fires

Preface Introduction Geographic Disposition of Forest Fires Tropical Areas Forest Fires in Temperate Latitutes Sub Polar Areas Global Climate Change and Forest Fires What is Missing in the Explanation of the Sun-Atmosphere Connection? Why do Forest Fires Appear Hypothesis on the Processes on the Sun as the Cause of Large Forest Fires Case Analysis -- Forest Fires in Portugal on 24.08. 2005 Fires in Central and South Europe from 24th-26th.03. 2003 The possibility of prognostic modelling Conclusion.
THE EFFECTS OF PERSUASIVE MESSAGES ON CANCER PATIENTS’ ATTITUDES, NORMS AND INTENTION TO EXPRESS CONCERNS

Cancer patients often do not intent to express their concerns during their consultations. This can be problematic because concern expression is associated with positive outcomes for patients such as better well-being. In this study we developed persuasive messages that are based on determinants that underlie patients’ intention to express concerns. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of these persuasive messages on cancer patients’ attitudes, perceived social norm and intention to express concerns in consultations. We systematically tested the effects of the messages by using single targets (i.e., targeting one determinant), combined targets (i.e., targeting multiple determinants at once) and no targets. An experiment with 4 conditions (attitudes message, social norm message, combined message, control message) was used with pre-test and post-test measurements. The results showed small positive changes for patients who could potentially change, but there were no differences in effects between the messages. A second study was conducted to determine whether these effects could be attributed to exposure to the message or to the pre-test questionnaire. There were no differences between the group who received the message and the group who only received the pre-test questionnaire. This indicates that paying attention to concern expression might already increase patients’ intention to express concerns. Chapter 4
MANAGING FORMATION OF COMPETITIVE HUMAN CAPITAL IN PROJECT-ORIENTED COMPANIES

The most important assets in project-oriented companies are knowledge and experience that are in its human capital. The goal of our quantitative correlation study is to gain insight on the role of the effective use of intellectual capital concerning the financial performance of the airlines in Kazakhstan through Project Management tools. Leading airlines in Kazakhstan provided information about human capital management through an online survey organized by SurveyMonkey. Airline HC's performance is based on the Intelligent Value-Added Index (VAIC) method and theoretical framework. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to test a hypothetical relationship between variables. The results of our study showed a strong significant positive relationship between human capital management and the financial performance of airlines in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results also show that the success of airlines depends on the expertise and competitive knowledge of its human capital.
A Catalogue of Radio Sources Between Declinations ?20° and ?50°

A catalogue has been prepared of the radio sources observed between declinations _200 and _500 , using the Sydney cross-type radio telescope at a wavelength of 3·5 m ; a total of 892 sources is listed. This supplements an earlier catalogue in the declination zone + 10° to _20°. In addition to the positions and intensities of the sources, angular sizes of 50 of the strongest are given: several are found to have a size less than 15" arc. As before, identifications with bright optical objects have been sought, and a number of galaxies of apparently abnormal radio emission listed. Statistical analyses of the distribution of the radio sources give results very similar to those obtained using the earlier catalogue. \Vithin the uncertainty in the data, the distribution appears uniform in depth and there is a siguificantly greater number of sources of large apparent size than expected from chance blending effects.