Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of resistance to clethodim in a johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) biotype

Abstract A biotype of johnsongrass cross resistant to clethodim, sethoxydim, quizalofop-P, and fluazifop-P was identified in several fields in Washington County, MS. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism studies using 14C-clethodim and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) activity assays were conducted to determine the resistance mechanism. Absorption of 14C-clethodim was higher in the resistant than the susceptible biotype 4 hours after treatment (HAT), but at 24, 48, and 72 HAT, similar levels of radioactivity were detected in both johnsongrass biotypes. Consequently, resistant plants had more radioactivity present in the treated leaves at 4 and 24 HAT. However, there was no difference between resistant and susceptible biotypes in the translocation of 14C out of the treated leaf at 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 HAT as a percentage of total absorbed. Metabolism of clethodim was similar in the resistant and susceptible biotypes. There was no difference in the specific activity of ACCase from the susceptible and resistant johnsongrass biotypes (means of 0.221 and 0.223 nmol mg−1 protein min−1, respectively). ACCase from the susceptible biotype was sensitive to clethodim, with an I50 value of 0.29 μM clethodim. The ACCase enzyme from the resistant biotype was less sensitive, with an I50 value of 1.32 μM clethodim. The resultant R/S ratio for clethodim was 4.5. These results indicate that resistance to clethodim in this johnsongrass biotype resulted from an altered ACCase enzyme that confers resistance to clethodim. Nomenclature: Clethodim; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. , SORHA.
Anatomical relationship between the morphology of the styloid process of the ulna and the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments

The radioulnar ligaments are the major stabilizers of the distal radioulnar joint under dynamic loading; however, anatomical detail regarding their attachment on the middle and distal thirds of the styloid process of the ulna remains unclear. Because previous anatomical studies included only old cadavers, their anatomical findings might not reflect the morphological features of younger and healthy specimens. This study investigated the anatomical features of the distal ulna, particularly the styloid process, to determine the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments to the styloid process and verified their direction and attachment to the styloid process in younger and healthy donors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated the morphological features of the distal ulna of 12 cadaveric wrists using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). We also visualized and measured the distribution of the cortical bone thickness. We histologically analyzed three specimens in the axial plane and macroscopically analyzed seven specimens to examine the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments to the styloid process. In addition, we evaluated five wrists from living volunteers using 3.0 Tesla MRI. The distal ulna has a ridge on the dorsoradial aspect of the styloid process that corresponds to the attachment of the radioulnar ligaments. Micro‐CT images after data processing revealed that the cortical thickness of the dorsoradial quadrant was thicker than that of the other quadrant at the proximal slice of the styloid process (p < 0.01), and that of the dorsoulnar (p = 0.021) and ulnopalmar (p < 0.01) quadrants at the middle slice. Histological analyses showed that the radioulnar ligaments were attached to the middle and distal thirds of the styloid process via chondral‐apophyseal entheses. The direction of the fiber was dorsal in the middle third of the styloid process and changed to palmar in the distal third of the styloid process. The direction and attachment of the radioulnar ligaments on the styloid process were confirmed using MRI for younger and healthy participants. The radioulnar ligaments were attached to the dorsoradial ridge of the styloid process, which was confirmed by cortical bone thickening, histology at the attachment sites, and in vivo MR imaging. The directions of the radioulnar ligaments sterically intersected, which would satisfy both slipping stability and rotational mobility. These anatomical findings may provide the basis for biomechanical consideration of distal radioulnar joint stabilization.
BIOCONTROL POTENTIALS OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUMAGAINST SCLEROTIAL FUNGI

Trichoderma species are well known antagonists which have strong bio-control potential against soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. Five potential isolates of Trichoderma hazianum were isolated from two different types of soils in which two were from alfisol (mango and litchi orchards) of the ICAR RCER Research Centre, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India and three were from the inceptisol (Eastern Uttar Pradesh) India using Trichoderma Selective Medium (TSM) and characterized. Two alfisol (native) isolates (Th-4 and Th-5) along with three inceptisol isolates of Varanasi (Th-1, Th-2 and Th-3) were used in screening of antagonistic potential against two phytopathogenic sclerotial fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii in dual culture. Among the isolates, the local/native ones isolated from alfisol have shown potential antagonism and inhibited R. solani with percent inhibition of 46.77 and 50.34 as compared to inceptisol isolates with inhibition percentage of 22.33, 26.21 and 23.08 respectively. The alfisol isolates also showed potential antagonism against S. rolfsii with percent inhibition of 44.67 and 47.88 as compared to inceptisol isolates with inhibition percentage of 3.97, 7.97 and 28.72 respectively. Compared to inceptisol isolates, biomass accumulation and total phenol content was also reported high in the alfisol isolates.
A systematic review using the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and facilitators to the adoption of prescribing guidelines.

OBJECTIVES Evidence-based guidelines have the potential to reduce variation and increase prescribing quality. Identifying the key determinants to their uptake, using a theory-based approach, may assist in the design of successful interventions to increase their adoption into practice. This systematic review investigated barriers and facilitators identified using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to the implementation of prescribing guidelines. METHODS Electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed) were searched. Studies were included if they used the TDF to identify key determinants of guideline implementation. Only studies published in English were included. KEY FINDINGS Of the 407 studies identified, 15 were included. A range of patient populations and therapeutic categories were represented. Multiple determinants were identified that affected guideline implementation, with similarities and differences identified across studies. Barriers to guideline adoption included time restriction, lack of awareness, guideline complexity, lack of clinical evidence, social influences and disagreement. Facilitators included peer influence, guideline simplicity, confidence and belief about the positive consequences derived from guideline adoption, for examples improved care and patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Multiple behavioural factors affect the adoption of prescribing guidelines. The results aided the understanding of factors that may be targeted to increase guideline compliance. However, barriers and facilitators can vary significantly in different environments; therefore, research that targets particular healthcare settings and patient populations may provide further evidence to increase the specificity and credibility of intervention strategies.
First detection, confirmation and isolation of koi herpesvirus KHV in cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio L in Poland

The study involved 30-135 g carp more than one year old, that had been cultured since the stage of summer fry at the Fisheries Research Station operated by the Agricultural University’s Department of Aquaculture, University of Szczecin and located in a Dolna Odra power station cooling water canal. The fish selected for analyses showed the following clinical signs in summer: apathy; strong necrotic patches on gills; lustreless and rough skin with numerous deep necrotic spots extending down to the muscles; deposits of thick mucus under the gill covers. On the 4th of June 2004, three carp samples of 15 individuals each were delivered live to the German National Reference Laboratory Insel Riems for analyses. Koi herpesvirus was detected in two out of the three samples using different PCR assays. The PCR results were confirmed by nested PCR and in situ hybridization. Assays were performed on gills, brain, and kidney tissues. Samples were also taken from outbreak survivors showing no clinical signs of disease in autumn 2004 and tested by PCR and nested PCR. These results were also confirmed by in situ hybridization using different probes. This is the first detection, virus isolation and confirmation of KHV in Poland.
Increased epicardial adipose tissue thickness is associated with microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy

ABSTRACT Objective Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a cardiometabolic risk factor, and its possible relationship with hypertension has been previously reported. Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with target-organ damage, especially in patients with hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and suggest endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between echocardiographic EAT thickness and presence of MA in patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 297 newly diagnosed hypertension patients who applied to the outpatient clinic were enrolled consecutively in this study. Patients were divided into two groups regarding the presence of LVH in echocardiography. An age and gender matched control group was set including 156 healthy patients without HT. All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography for the measurement of EAT thickness. Spot urine samples were collected for the assessment of MA. Results In hypertensive patients with LVH, the EAT thicknesses (6.6 ± 1.8 vs 5.3 ± 1.5 vs 5.1 ± 1.3, p < .001; respectively) and prevalence of MA (41.2 vs 20.1 vs 3.2%; p < .001 respectively) were significantly higher than the other two groups. In hypertensive patiens without LVH, no relationship was found between the presence of MA and EAT thickness. In multivariate regression analyses, EAT thickness (OR: 3.141, 95%CI: 2.425–6.123, p < .001) and left ventricular mass index (OR: 1.339, 95%CI: 1.145–2.143, p = .003) were determined as independent predictors for MA development in hypertensive patients with LVH. Conclusion Measurement of EAT thickness may help to identify high-risk hypertensive patients for target-organ damage especially among patients with LVH.
Weight–length relationships for eight species of the family Triglidae discarded on the south coast of Portugal

Summary Gurnards or triglids are medium-size marine bottom fishes that live in tropical and temperate seas. Four genera (Aspitrigla, Chelidonichthys, Lepidotrigla, Trigla) and eight species are found in the eastern Atlantic. In this study, we report the weight–length relationships for eight species, with 75 specimens of A. cuculus, 45 of C. obscurus, 84 C. gurnardus, 21 C. lucernus, 45 C. lastoviza, 550 L. cavillone, 255 L. dieuzeidei and 40 T. lyra. These triglids were caught by three different methods: crustacean trawl, fish trawl and purse seine off the Algarve coast; all specimens sampled were part of the discards. Samples were obtained from depths ranging between 20 and 540 m, during 27 trips and 86 hauls. To the best knowledge of the authors, this study presents the first reference on weight–length relationships for four fish species from the Algarve coast (southern Portugal).
Seasonal Variations in Biochemical Composition of Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the seasonal variability in the biochemical composition in both sexes of Loligo forbesi, (Streenstrup 1856) in two locations in Egypt: the Mediterranean Sea off the coasts of Alexandria and north of the Gulf of Suez. The study is also aimed to document for the first time the fatty acids composition in both sexes in each location. There was a significant difference in the seasonal variations of total protein (P = 0.0001), total lipids (P = 0.036) and total carbohydrates (P = 0.009). Also, there was a significant difference in total lipids (P = 0.008) between sexes. Total lipids and protein declined from spring to summer and then increased in fall before they decrease again in the winter in males and females. Meanwhile, the concentration of total carbohydrates in females decreased from spring to fall then increased slightly in winter. There was a negative correlation between Gonado Somatic Index and Nidamental gland Somatic Index and each of total protein and lipids in different sexes (P = 0.01), which was not the case with total carbohydrates (P = 0.1). Seasonal fluctuations in biochemical content were attributable to the reproductive state of the animal. Although there was no significant difference in either total saturated lipids or total unsaturated lipids among the two sexes or between the two locations (P > 0.05), variations were observed in some fatty acids. The most predominant saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid (C16:0), comprising 68% to 73% for both sexes and locations. Most of the monounsaturated content was present as Cis-Pentadecanoic (C15:1) and palmiboleic (C16:1). Omega 3-poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which include linolenic, EPA, and DHA comprised ∼80% of total polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Effect of storage temperatures on microbial load of some dates palm fruit sold in Saudi Arabia market

Forty samples of four date palm fruit varieties (Rezizi, khlas, Sukri and Sefri) collected from date factories located in Riyadh and Al hasa regions in Saudi Arabia were examined for their total microbial load (Mesophilic aerobic count, Yeasts and Molds count, Spore-formers bacteria and Osmophilic yeast count). The effects of different storage temperatures (26, 4 and -19°C) for six months on their microbial population were also examined. The results showed that the microbial load of the date palm fruit was mixture of bacteria, yeasts and molds. The microbial load of Khlas variety was higher than the other varieties, whereas, the Sukri variety had the lowest.The aerobic mesphilic bacteria of samples stored at -19uC for 6 months decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while those stored at 4°C were slightly decreased, however, those stored at 26°C showed insignificant reduction. The yeasts and molds, spore- formers bacteria and osmophilic yeast counts were significantly decreased at -19°C storage compared to those stored at 26 and 4°C.
Plant-herbivore interactions in Alaskan arctic tundra change with soil nutrient availability

Herbivores in nutrient-limited systems such as arctic tundra have been suggested to play a minor role in controlling plant growth simply because they are relatively few in number. However, theory predicts that as net primary productivity (NPP) increases because of greater inputs of nutrients or energy, herbivores may have greater effects on plant growth. This prediction has not been tested in the context of climate warming in arctic tundra, which may increase soil nutrient availability and thus NPP. We examined a long-term experiment that excluded small and large mammalian herbivores and increased soil nutrients in two arctic Alaskan tundra communities: dry heath (DH) and moist acidic tussock (MAT). In the ninth year of manipulations, we measured weekly growth of three plant species of three growth forms: tussock-forming graminoid, rhizomatous graminoid, and dwarf deciduous shrub, in each community. All species grew better when fertilized. In DH, this increase in growth was exaggerated when plants were protected from herbivores, confirming that herbivory had a negative effect on plant growth under increased nutrient conditions, but was unimportant under ambient soil conditions. However, in MAT, the importance of herbivory differed among species with fertilization. The tussock-forming sedge at MAT, Eriophorum vaginatum, grew better and flowered more when fenced under both ambient and amended nutrients compared to plants exposed to herbivores. This species decreases in abundance in long-term fertilized plots when mammals are present, and our results suggest that herbivory may be accounting for at least some of that loss, in addition to shifts in competitive relationships. Although we only focused on individual plants here rather than the entire community, our results suggest that under the increased soil nutrient conditions expected with continued climate warming in the Arctic, herbivores may become more important in affecting several abundant tundra plant populations, and should not be ignored.
Effect of a Neem preparation on reproduction of the nematode Globodera rostochiensis and growth of potato

An experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions to test the effects of neem-based product in the form of drenches and potato tuber treatments on the growth of potato and population density of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. The soil applications of the biopreparation improved the plant growth and yield of potato, being greatest with 1% Neem Azal. The biggest increase in the yield occurred in the Oxamyl application (15.8%). The biopreparation in concentrations from 0.2% to 1% increased the yield of potatoes from 0.3% to 9.7% compared to the untreated inoculated control. The soil application was relatively more effective in increasing of the yield (0.3%-9.7%) than the potato tuber treatments (0.3%-2.3%). The nematode reproduction was reduced 83.3% with Oxamyl and from 59.8% to 71.0% with Neem Azal treatments.
Oxygen in interstitial lung diseases

Domiciliary oxygen is essential in the care of hypoxaemic interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. Guidelines concur in advising prescription of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for ILD patients with severe hypoxaemia at rest, in view of its beneficial impact on breathlessness/disability and extrapolating potential survival benefits seen in COPD patients. A less severe hypoxaemia threshold for initiation of LTOT is recommended for patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH)/right heart failure, requiring careful evaluation in all ILD patients. In light of evidence suggesting a link between nocturnal hypoxaemia, development of PH and poor survival, studies assessing the impact of nocturnal oxygen are urgently needed. Severe exertional hypoxaemia is frequent in ILD patients, with impact on exercise tolerance, quality of life and mortality. Ambulatory oxygen therapy (AOT) has been associated with improvement in breathlessness and quality of life in ILD patients with exertional hypoxaemia. However, given the paucity of evidence, not all current AOT guidelines are in agreement. Ongoing clinical trials will provide further useful data. Despite its beneficial effects, supplemental oxygen imposes burdens and challenges to patients. A key unmet area of need is the development of less cumbersome and more efficient oxygen delivery systems to reduce the negative impact of AOT on patients' lives. Oxygen therapy is of key importance in hypoxaemic ILD patients. Key unmet research areas include thresholds of hypoxaemia triggering intervention, the impact of nocturnal hypoxaemia treatment and development of user-friendly oxygen delivery systems. https://bit.ly/3YtmFXi
Control biológico de la marchitez del chile (Capsicum annuum L.) por Bacillus thuringiensis

La expansion de la marchitez del chile en nuevas plantaciones y diferentes zonas productoras de Mexico, y la dificultad en el control de la misma, obligan a desarrollar nuevas medidas de control. Se espera que las mismas auspicien mejores expectativas para el control de la enfermedad en el contexto de una estrategia de manejo integrado. El presente estudio se realizo con el objetivo de evaluar y determinar la capacidad antagonica de 64 cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis sobre Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici y Fusarium oxysporum mediante estudios de cultivos duales en placas Petri. Las cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis provinieron de la Coleccion Internacional de Bacilos Entomopatogenos de la FCB-UANL. Fueron 16 cepas de B. thuringiensis que redujeron significativamente el crecimiento radial micelial de R. solani, 19 para P. capsici y ocho para F. oxysporum, despues de tres dias de incubacion a 25°C. Por otra parte, las mejores cepas bacterianas se evaluaron en semillas de chile variedad Anaheim mediante pruebas de germinacion bajo condiciones in vivo: se observo un incremento en el porcentaje de germinacion en el caso del tratamiento de inoculacion con B. thuringiensis sobre R. solani
Plant-based food and protein trend from a business perspective: markets, consumers, and the challenges and opportunities in the future

Abstract The food sector is increasingly turning toward sustainability issues. A sustainable food system should provide sufficient, nutritious food for all within limited natural resources. Plant-based food and proteins are a recent, growing trend setting out to contribute to this challenge. However, food industry stakeholders need to be aware of the challenges and opportunities. This paper reviews the trend from a business perspective. It outlines the global drivers, market trends, market data observations, and consumer behavior factors of relevance, and pinpoints the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) for food sector companies. Findings suggest that the policy and market context is favorable in the near future, but that consumer beliefs, perception and understanding has to change further for the business opportunity to grow on a larger scale. More innovations are needed, in particular in the direction of meat-replacements that are healthy as well as clean label.
Understanding breast cancer survivors’ information-seeking behaviours and overall experiences: a comparison of themes derived from social media posts and focus groups

Abstract Objective Using two different analysis techniques, this study explored differences and similarities in information-seeking discourse and overall breast cancer experiences between posters to a Reddit board and breast cancer survivor focus groups. Design This study incorporates two qualitative methods for determining themes in breast cancer survivors’ information-seeking behaviours and overall cancer experiences. First, posts from a breast cancer-specific Reddit community were extracted and analysed using the meaning extraction method (MEM) to determine core themes. Then, investigators performed a thematic analysis of two focus groups of breast cancer survivors (N = 18). Finally, themes derived from each analysis method were compared. Main Outcome Measures Outcome measures include themes extracted from Reddit posts and themes generated from breast cancer survivor focus groups. Results Findings between qualitative methodologies represent similar yet nuanced themes in survivors’ discourse. The MEM resulted in seven themes: diagnosis, treatment process, social support, existentialism, risk, information-seeking and surgery. Focus groups revealed the same initial four MEM themes plus the following: disclosure, coping and fears. Conclusions The MEM is a cost-effective research mechanism for informing common themes of experiences of cancer patients and survivors and may offer initial data to guide psychosocial oncology research design and recruitment.