Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitude of Low-Literacy Patients Undergoing Suprapubic Catheter Insertion

Background: Providing the patient with sufficient knowledge about his illness improves the outcomes when delivered properly. Aims: To assess the knowledge and attitude of low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter insertion. Methods: Study design: Descriptive research design was utilized. Setting: Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Assiut University. Subjects: Eighty patients undergoing suprapubic catheter were selected consecutively within a 12-month period (with maximally primary school educations). Tools: Patient interview questionnaire include 4 parts; parts 1 and 2 to assess demographic and medical data, parts 3 and 4 to assess patients' level of knowledge and attitude. Results: All patients were males with 47.5% of them aged from 50-65 years old. They had poor knowledge about the indications (0%), definition (0%), function (6.3%), procedures of insertion (2.5%) and change (22.5%), receipt of education at the primary care settings (47.5%), ability of self-healthcare (40%), previous experiences (10%) postoperative symptoms (0%) and complications among the studied patients (17.5%) including urine leakage (8.7%) and obstruction (17.5%) of the suprapubic catheter. While most of the patients (95%) reported insufficient healthcare education at the primary settings, all the studied patients wished to have a suitable method for education. There was no statistical significance between total knowledge levels and the demographic data. Conclusions: Most of the patients had poor knowledge about the suprapubic catheter and favorable attitudes towards suitable education. Recommendations: Designing a simple method to provide healthcare education for low-literacy patients undergoing suprapubic catheter.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Expression of GATA3 in Carcinoma Breast and its Correlation with Prognostic Parameters

Background: GATA3 plays an essential role in the normal development and function of the mammary gland where it promotes the luminal transcriptional program. Its loss is implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We proposed to study the expression of GATA3 in carcinoma breast by immunohistochemistry and determine its correlation with prognostic parameters. Methods: The expression pattern of GATA3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 30 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. GATA3 scoring was done and a score of ≥ 1+ was considered positive. Patient characteristics, including age, tumour laterality, tumour size, lymph node status, tumour grade, histological type, molecular subtypes were collected. The relationships between protein expression and clinicopathological variables were analysed. Statistical significance was determined by Pearson’s chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test (for age). Result: 46.7% of cases (14/30) scored positive for GATA3 expression in tumour cells including 63% of luminal subtypes, 14% of Her-2 neu enriched carcinomas and 20% of triple negative carcinomas. Most positive cases (35.7%) demonstrated 3+ staining. GATA3 expression showed an inverse association with histological grade (P = 0.012) and HER-2 overexpression (P = 0.038), and a direct association with ER expression (P =0.017) and PR expression (P =0.009). Conclusion: GATA3 is luminal marker as it shows strong association with ER and PR in breast cancers. High GATA3 expression is also correlated good prognostic parameters like low tumour grade. Our findings advocate for GATA3 as a promising new breast-specific immunomarker.
DNA barcoding and genomics reveal Perizoma barrassoi Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann, 2006 as new for the fauna of Central Europe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Perizoma barrassoi Zahm, Cieslak & Hausmann, 2006, previously considered a central Italian endemic, shows a much wider distribution with additional records from the Alps and the Pyrenees, in partial sympatry with its sister species, Perizoma incultaria (Herrich-Schaffer, 1848) which is widespread in the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians and Dinaric mountains. The disruptive genetic patterns of both species involve the COI barcode gene as well as nuclear genomic data and are confirmed by correlated differential features in male and female genitalia. To fix nomenclatural stability a neotype is designated for P. incultaria .
Хімія харчових продуктів і матеріалів / Chemistry of food products and materials

The technological properties of full-fat amaranth flour depend on the varietal characteristics of the Ukrainian amaranth grain and differ significantly from amaranth flour from flakes and amaranth flour from groats. In comparison with patent wheat flour, amaranth flour has a lower moisture content, higher water absorption capacity and autolytic activity. The variety of Amaranthus hypochondriacus significantly effects on the whiteness of full-fat flours, the lightest of which is obtained from the grain cultivar Kharkivsky-1. A higher fat, protein, and fibre content makes amaranth flours more acidic. The water absorption capacity of the flours shows positive correlation with their autolytic activity (+0.885). The acidity negatively correlates with the moisture (-0.939) and whiteness (-0.814) of the flours. Using amaranth flour of the different types to replace 5, 15, and 25% of patent wheat flour when making bread increases its specific volume and crumb porosity and decreases its shape stability. The positive correlation of the overall quality of the bread samples under study with their specific volume (+0.540) and the negative correlation with the acidity (0.685) are statistically significant. The shape stability negatively correlates with the porosity (-0.598), and the latter positively correlates with the specific volume (+0.533). The use of full-fat amaranth flour increases the specific volume and porosity of bread by 1.1–1.3 and 1.1 times respectively. The use of defatted flour from flakes leads to a 1.3–1.9 -fold increase in the specific volume and to a 1.1–1.2 -old increase in the porosity. Incorporation of amaranth flour from groats allows increasing the specific volume and porosity of bread by 1.3–1.5 and 1.1–1.2 times respectively. The bread samples with 25% of all amaranth flours considered and with 15% of full-fat flour of the Liera variety have the lowest consumer characteristics. It has been proved that using 5–15% of full-fat flour from the amaranth grain of variety Kharkivsky-1 and defatted flour from flakes and groats (by-products of processing amaranth grain into oil) improves the quality and nutritional value of bread.
Evaluation of oral pathologic lesions in elderly patients in Isfahan, Iran, 1989-2018 years

Objective: One of the most important alterations in elderly is the destruction and loss of teeth and oral mucosal lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of biopsed pathologic lesions in elderly registered in the pathology department of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 1989 to 2018 years. Material and Methods: This crosssectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on pathologic lesions in elderly archived in Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, all archived information of elderly over 65 years including gender, age, location of lesion, clinical diagnosis, pathology diagnosis, and diagnosis year were evaluated in last three decades, and were analyzed statistically. Results: The age range of elderly patients was 65 to 90 years with a mean of 72.8 ± 4.9. The highest frequency for location of lesions was related to mandibular vestibule (21.1%). The most clinical diagnosed lesions were squamous cell carcinoma (24.5%) and Epulis Fissuratum (13.4%). The highest pathologic diagnosed lesions were related to reactive lesions group (35.6%). The squamous cell carcinoma malignancies and other malignancies were increased significantly in elderly patients with high age. Conclusion: According to the considerable frequency of oral lesions in elderly and increased frequency of squamous cell carcinoma and other malignancies, attention to oral lesions in elderly and periodic examinations are important to early diagnosis and treatment. KEYWORDS Pathology; Biopsy; Elderly; Oral lesions; Isfahan.
Genetics and Epigenetics of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2) in Alcohol Related Liver Disease

Alcohol dependence and cirrhosis are key outcomes of excessive alcohol use. We studied the interaction between genetics and epigenetics at the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) locus to understand differences in vulnerability to cirrhosis. Individuals were selected according to ICD 10 criteria for Alcohol use disorder with Cirrhosis (AUDC+ve, N=116) and Alcohol use disorder but without Cirrhosis (AUDC-ve, N=123) from the clinical services of Gastroenterology and Psychiatry at the St Johns Medical College Hospital(SJMCH). Fibroscan/sonographic evidence was used to rule out fibrosis for the AUDC-ve group. Genomic DNA from blood was used for genotyping at ALDH2 (rs2238151) locus. A subset of the samples was assessed for DNA methylation (AUDC+ve, N=50; AUDC-ve, N=50) at the LINE-1 and ALDH2 CpG loci by pyrosequencing on a PyroMark Q24. LINE1 DNA methylation did not differ between the groups. ALDH2 DNA methylation was significantly lower in AUDC+ve group compared to AUDC-ve group (P <0.001). Lower methylation in T-allele carriers compared to T-allele non-carriers of the ALDH2 locus (rs2238151) was observed in AUDC+ve subjects(P=0.009). Compromised methylation in blood DNA at candidate loci, in those with liver disease in the context of prolonged severe alcohol abuse, could be explored as a biomarker for current pathology, and further progression.
Visceral Leishmaniasis in pregnancy and vertical transmission: A systematic literature review on the therapeutic orphans

Background: Reports on the occurrence and outcome of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in pregnant women is rare in published literature. The occurrence of VL in pregnancy is not systematically captured and cases are rarely followed-up to detect consequences of infection and treatment on the mother and foetus. Methods: A review of all published literature was undertaken to identify cases of VL infections during pregnancy by searching the following database: Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; World Health Organization Global Index Medicus: LILACS (Americas); IMSEAR (South-East Asia); IMEMR (Eastern Mediterranean); WPRIM (Western Pacific); ClinicalTrials.gov; and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Selection criteria included any clinical reports describing the disease in pregnancy or vertical transmission of the disease in humans. Articles meeting pre-specified inclusion criteria and non-primary research articles such as textbook, chapters, letters, retrospective case description, or reports of accidental inclusion in trials were also considered. Results: We screened 272 publications and identified a total of 70 records (1926-2020) describing 447 VL cases in pregnant women. The disease was detected during pregnancy in 394 (88.1%), retrospectively confirmed after giving birth in 52 (11.6%), and the time of identification was not clear in 1 (0.2%). Of the 394 mothers whose infection was identified during pregnancy, 344 (89.1%) received a treatment, 3 (0.8%) were untreated, and the treatment status was not clear in the remaining 47 (12.2%). Of 344 mothers, Liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AmB) was administered in 202 (58.7%) and pentavalent antimony (PA) in 92 (26.7%). Outcomes were reported in 176 mothers treated L-AmB with 4 (2.3%) reports of maternal deaths, 5 (2.8%) miscarriages, and 2 (1.1%) foetal death/stillbirth. For PA, outcomes were reported in 87 mothers of whom 4 (4.6%) died, 24 (27.6%) had spontaneous abortion, 2 (2.3%) had miscarriages. A total of 26 cases of confirmed, probable or suspected cases of vertical transmission were identified and the median time to detection was 6 months (range: 0-18 months). Conclusions: Outcomes of VL treatment during pregnancy is rarely reported and under-researched. When it is reported, information is often incomplete and it is difficult to derive generalisable information on outcomes for mothers and babies, although reported data favours the usage of liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of VL in pregnant women.
Arctic boundary layer ozone variations associated with nitrate, bromine, and meteorology

Gas and aerosol measurements at Barrow, Alaska during the spring of 1986 confirm the inverse relationship between particulate excess bromine (xBr) and O3. In addition to this inverse XBr-O3 relationship, several other factors were found to be important in understanding the springtime variability of O3 at Barrow. They are (1) O3 concentration variability associated with NOx chemistry at high pollutant levels or transport of primary pollutant O3 from lower latitudes, (2) displacement of air masses of high O3 content with air masses low in O3 but high in sea salt, suggesting potential roles of sea salt in O3 fluctuations, and (3) when pollutant levels were low, advection of air that can cause gradual change in O3 with more rapid inversely related fluctuations of O3 and xBr superimposed. Under the conditions of factor 3 the trend and anticorrelation each accounted for about one quarter of the variance in O3, suggesting a role for other compounds or low level reactive nitrogen species and gas-particle interaction in the photolytic O3 destruction process.
Chemical Routes to Dust Formation in the Ejecta of Novae

The chemistry of the formation of nucleation sites in the ejecta of novae has been investigated. Previous authors (e.g. Clayton and Wickramasinghe 1976) have noted that grain growth is rapid once nucleation sites have formed but the assumption is generally made that the ejecta is in LTE during the nucleation phase. This is obviously not the case as the ejecta is illuminated by an intense radiation field so that the lifetimes of the larger species are of the order of one second, even the ejecta kinetic temperature is only 1000-2000 K. We propose that nucleation sites form by heterogeneous chemical reactions in a highly non-equilibrium chemistry.
Protein thermostability engineering

The use of enzymes for industrial and biomedical applications is limited to their function at elevated temperatures. The principles of thermostability engineering need to be implemented for proteins with low thermal stability to broaden their applications. Therefore, understanding the thermal stability modulating factors of proteins is necessary for engineering their thermostability. In this review, first different thermostability enhancing strategies in both the sequence and structure levels, discovered by studying the natural proteins adapted to different conditions, are introduced. Next, the progress in the development of various computational methods to engineer thermostability of proteins by learning from nature and introducing several popular tools and algorithms for protein thermostability engineering is highlighted. Further discussion includes the challenges in the field of protein thermostability engineering such as the protein stability–activity trade-off. Finally, how thermostability engineering could be instrumental for the design of protein drugs for biomedical applications is demonstrated.
ACCEPTANCE OF DKI JAKARTA SOCIETY TO USE INVESTMENT APPLICATIONS

The development of technology in the financial sector or financial technology becomes an opportunity for irresponsible parties to take advantage. These actors provide the lure of high returns from investments offered through online applications. Based on these problems, this study examines how people's perceptions of accepting investment applications based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) 2, namely performance expectations, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating. condition, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit influence the intention of DKI Jakarta society to adopt investment applications? The sample of this research is DKI Jakarta society whose financial activities use smartphones. The research analysis used variant-based SEM with Smart PLS. The results showed that only habit variables were significant towards the intention to adopt investment applications for the DKI Jakarta society. Meanwhile, other variables such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, and price value show insignificant results.
Entrapment of a pyridine derivative within a copper–palladium alloy: a bifunctional catalyst for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to alcohols with excellent selectivity and reusability

A novel bifunctional catalyst, [PYD]@Cu–Pd composite, was synthesized for the first time and used as a cathode for electrochemical reduction of CO2. Methanol with 26% and ethanol with 12% Faradaic efficiency were obtained at the same [PYD]@Cu–Pd cathode using different potentials. Under both conditions, the [PYD]@Cu–Pd cathode shows remarkable stability and reusability.
Description and photographs of cricket parental care in the wild

Although certain forms of parental care are relatively widespread phenomena among insects, within Orthoptera, parental care is rare. Shorttailed burrowing crickets (Anurogryllus spp.) are among the few members of this order for which extensive parental care has been documented. However, accounts of parental care in Anurogryllus have been largely under laboratory conditions, and observations of this behavior in the wild are rare. Herein we present photographic observations from a mountain slope in Honduras where we discovered an active Anurogryllus brood chamber where an adult female was tending her brood. We present these results in the context of parental care in insects and compare our observations with those reported in past literature published on Anurogryllus crickets’
Grassmann Iterative Linear Discriminant Analysis with Proxy Matrix Optimization

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is commonly used for dimensionality reduction in pattern recognition and statistics. It is a supervised method that aims to find the most discriminant space of reduced dimension that can be further used for classification. In this work, we present a Grassmann Iterative LDA method (GILDA) that is based on Proxy Matrix Optimization (PMO). PMO makes use of automatic differentiation and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on the Grassmann manifold to arrive at the optimal projection matrix. Our results show that GILDAoutperforms the prevailing manifold optimization method.
Thiols in the Interstellar Medium: First Detection of HC(O)SH and Confirmation of C2H5SH

The chemical compounds carrying the thiol group (-SH) have been considered essential in recent prebiotic studies regarding the polymerization of amino acids. We have searched for this kind of compound toward the Galactic Center quiescent cloud G+0.693–0.027. We report the first detection in the interstellar space of the trans-isomer of monothioformic acid (t-HC(O)SH) with an abundance of ∼1 × 10−10. Additionally, we provide a solid confirmation of the gauche isomer of ethyl mercaptan (g-C2H5SH) with an abundance of ∼3 × 10−10, and we also detect methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) with an abundance of ∼5 × 10−9. Abundance ratios were calculated for the three SH-bearing species and their OH analogs, revealing similar trends between alcohols and thiols with increasing complexity. Possible chemical routes for the interstellar synthesis of t-HC(O)SH, CH3SH, and C2H5SH are discussed, as well as the relevance of these compounds in the synthesis of prebiotic proteins in the primitive Earth.
Editing Factual Knowledge in Language Models

The factual knowledge acquired during pre-training and stored in the parameters of Language Models (LMs) can be useful in downstream tasks (e.g., question answering or textual inference). However, some facts can be incorrectly induced or become obsolete over time. We present KnowledgeEditor, a method which can be used to edit this knowledge and, thus, fix ‘bugs’ or unexpected predictions without the need for expensive re-training or fine-tuning. Besides being computationally efficient, KnowledgeEditordoes not require any modifications in LM pre-training (e.g., the use of meta-learning). In our approach, we train a hyper-network with constrained optimization to modify a fact without affecting the rest of the knowledge; the trained hyper-network is then used to predict the weight update at test time. We show KnowledgeEditor’s efficacy with two popular architectures and knowledge-intensive tasks: i) a BERT model fine-tuned for fact-checking, and ii) a sequence-to-sequence BART model for question answering. With our method, changing a prediction on the specific wording of a query tends to result in a consistent change in predictions also for its paraphrases. We show that this can be further encouraged by exploiting (e.g., automatically-generated) paraphrases during training. Interestingly, our hyper-network can be regarded as a ‘probe’ revealing which components need to be changed to manipulate factual knowledge; our analysis shows that the updates tend to be concentrated on a small subset of components. Source code available at https://github.com/nicola-decao/KnowledgeEditor
On the Complexity of SHAP-Score-Based Explanations: Tractability via Knowledge Compilation and Non-Approximability Results

In Machine Learning, the $\mathsf{SHAP}$-score is a version of the Shapley value that is used to explain the result of a learned model on a specific entity by assigning a score to every feature. While in general computing Shapley values is an intractable problem, we prove a strong positive result stating that the $\mathsf{SHAP}$-score can be computed in polynomial time over deterministic and decomposable Boolean circuits. Such circuits are studied in the field of Knowledge Compilation and generalize a wide range of Boolean circuits and binary decision diagrams classes, including binary decision trees and Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs). We also establish the computational limits of the SHAP-score by observing that computing it over a class of Boolean models is always polynomially as hard as the model counting problem for that class. This implies that both determinism and decomposability are essential properties for the circuits that we consider. It also implies that computing $\mathsf{SHAP}$-scores is intractable as well over the class of propositional formulas in DNF. Based on this negative result, we look for the existence of fully-polynomial randomized approximation schemes (FPRAS) for computing $\mathsf{SHAP}$-scores over such class. In contrast to the model counting problem for DNF formulas, which admits an FPRAS, we prove that no such FPRAS exists for the computation of $\mathsf{SHAP}$-scores. Surprisingly, this negative result holds even for the class of monotone formulas in DNF. These techniques can be further extended to prove another strong negative result: Under widely believed complexity assumptions, there is no polynomial-time algorithm that checks, given a monotone DNF formula $\varphi$ and features $x,y$, whether the $\mathsf{SHAP}$-score of $x$ in $\varphi$ is smaller than the $\mathsf{SHAP}$-score of $y$ in $\varphi$.