Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of supplementing sunflower cake in dairy cow diet on milk production and composition

27 GENNAIO/FEBBRAIO/2020 DOI: 10.36138/STLC.01. 2020.04 © 2020 QUINE 2020; 70: 27 34 Riassunto Obiettivo. Il panello di girasole (SFC) è uno dei coprodotti della catena di produzione del biodiesel, che può essere integrato nella dieta delle bovine, in parziale sostituzione della farina di soia (SBM). In questa ricerca è stata verificata la possibilità di sostituire una quota di SBM con SFC nella dieta delle bovine, stimando gli effetti sulla produzione e su alcune caratteristiche del latte. Materiali e metodi. l’esperimento è stato condotto in due aziende sperimentali in cui due gruppi di 16 bovine di razza Frisona Italiana sono state divise in due gruppi, alimentati rispettivamente con SBM e SFC. Sono stati determinati: composizione e caratteristiche chimiche delle diete, produzione giornaliera e macro-composizione del latte, distribuzione delle dimensioni dei globuli di grasso, composizione in acidi grassi del latte e del panello di girasole. Risultati. L’integrazione con SFC non ha influito sulla produzione di latte, ma ha ridotto la sua percentuale di proteine; il contenuto in grasso ha subito una riduzione solo a metà del periodo di lattazione; se si considera l’intera lattazione, la percentuale di grasso del latte non è stata influenzata dalla parziale sostituzione di SBM con SFC. Gli acidi grassi insaturi hanno mostrato un significativo aumento a seguito dell’integrazione con SFC. Sia l’acido linoleico coniugato che il vaccenico sono risultati più elevati nel latte di bovine alimentate con SFC. Conclusioni. L’introduzione dell’SFC nella dieta delle bovine da latte è una strategia percorribile per rendere la produzione di biodiesel più redditizia. Inoltre, sembra influenzare positivamente le proprietà nutrizionali del latte.
Impact of Whole and Ground-by-Knife and Ball Mill Flax Seeds on the Physical and Sensorial Properties of Gluten Free-Bread

The aim of the study was to compare the physical and sensory properties of gluten-free bread with the addition of whole and ground flax seeds. The grinding process of flax seeds was carried out using a knife grinder and ball mill. After short-knife grinding (20 s) (GM-200, Retsch), the seeds were divided into whole (average particle size 0.634 mm), coarse (769 mm) and fine (0.328 mm) flour, and these flours were additionally ground with ball milling (60 s) (Pulverisette 6, Fritsh). The grinding energy of seeds was evaluated. Baking of gluten-free bread was performed with 10% addition of different forms of whole and ground flaxseeds. The colour, volume, texture and sensory parameters of bread were evaluated. In addition, the crumbling index of bread was developed and defined as the percentage share of crumbed pieces of the bread slice in relation to the mass of the entire crumb sample cut out together with crumbs. Specific grinding energy of flaxseeds during short (20 s) knife grinding was equal to 109.5 J·g−1, and additional ball milling (60 s) caused significantly (α = 0.05) more than 4 times higher energy consumption, but more reduced particles of whole (0.497 mm), coarse (0.621 mm) and fine flour (0.308 mm) were obtained. After adding ground seeds, it was necessary to add more water to the dough, which increased dough yield from 220% to 240% and even to 260% when ball milling of coarse flax flour was applied. The most significant increase in the volume of bread and the most reduced crumbling was observed for breads with addition of coarse fractions of flaxseeds ground with ball milling. In comparison with the control sample of gluten-free bread; significant improvement in bread volume, textureand sensory evaluation was observed after using both whole and ground flaxseeds. Furthermore, the crumbling index was related to an organoleptic evaluation and can be used in bread quality assessment as a complement to instrumental texture measurements.
Identity matching in a person with Alzheimer’s disease

ABSTRACT In the present study, a 91-year-old woman with Alzheimer’s disease participated. The purpose of the experiment was to study how repetitions of conditions affected correct responding in identity matching-to-sample. The participant was presented with identity matching training with three colors (yellow, blue, and red). It was alternated between (A) delayed matching-to-sample 0 s (DMTS 0 s) and (B) simultaneous matching-to-sample (SMTS). These two conditions were repeated in six phases in an ABABAB-design. In the second part of the experiment, the participant was exposed for the same six phases again but with another set of color stimuli (green, orange, and purple). The results showed that the number of trials needed to meet the criterion for training decreased as the conditions were repeated, also with the new set of stimuli.
An experimental manipulation of the growth and dispersal strategy of a parasitic infection using monoclonal aphid colonies

Parasite life-history theory predicts the potential for prudent host resource use by monoclonal infections. Deterministic models show that prudence will be favoured if an infection suffers density-dependent limits to population growth on or in a host individual. This implies that the release of transmission stages throughout the infection cycle should maximize the reproductive output (and hence fitness) of a monoclonal parasite infection. This hypothesis was tested by experimentally imposing a maximum sustainable yield harvesting strategy on monoclonal aphid colonies grown in the laboratory. Harvesting increased colony longevity, but its effect on total dispersal and colony fitness (a measure that accounted for the timing of dispersal) was subtle. Harvesting increased dispersal and fitness due to adult unwinged dispersers, at the expense of nymphal dispersers. This effect is predicted to increase clonal fitness, since adult unwinged dispersers will have more chance of surviving dispersal costs and represent a unit of colony investment similar to the more specialized winged disperser morph. Despite this, unmanipulated aphid colonies showed a bang-bang dispersal strategy, suggesting that factors promoting late dispersal outweigh the influence of density-dependent colony growth on dispersal strategies in natural aphid population& Candidate selection pressures include genotypic diversity within aphid colonies and interactions with natural enemies.
Parents’ Voices Regarding Using Interventions for Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Parent-implemented interventions (PIIs) hold promise for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. Yet, reports of parent and family perceptions regarding PIIs are limited. The present study’s purpose was to gain parent perceptions regarding the helpful and challenging intervention components and contextual factors in the implementation of one PII in their daily lives. Six interviews were conducted and analyzed using an exploratory qualitative approach. Findings included considerable parent satisfaction with intervention experiences, particularly related to the use of videos taken of themselves and their children during intervention sessions. Some parents voiced discouragement after watching video examples, and parents reported challenges finding time to implement the intervention. Parents valued the supportive relationship formed with their interventionist. Additional findings and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Bedforms on the submarine flanks of insular volcanoes: New insights gained from high resolution seafloor surveys

A comparative analysis of bedform fields along the submarine flanks of insular volcanoes, characterized by different morpho‐structural settings, volcanic and meteo‐marine regimes (Vanuatu, Kermadec, Bismark, Madeira and Aeolian archipelagos), is presented here to provide insights on the size distribution, morpho‐dynamic and genesis of such bedforms. Two main types of bedforms are recognized according to their size, location and preconditioning/triggering processes. Small‐scale bedforms have wavelengths of tens to hundreds of metres and wave heights of metres. Because of their small‐size, they are typically not recognizable at water depths greater than 400 m from vessel‐mounted bathymetric surveys. Few examples of small‐scale bedforms are reported from upper volcanic flanks, where steep gradients commonly hinder their formation. Their recognition is mostly limited to the thalweg of shallow and flat‐bottomed channels that carve the insular shelf on slope gradients <15°. Small‐scale bedforms are mostly related to erosional–depositional processes due to sedimentary gravity flows that are often the result of a cascading effect between volcanic and non‐volcanic processes (for example, flood discharges and retrogressive landslides). Large‐scale bedforms occur at all water depths, having wavelengths of hundreds/thousands of metres and wave heights up to few hundreds of metres. The origin of large bedforms is more difficult to ascertain, especially if only bathymetric data are available. Some diagnostic criteria are presented to distinguish between bedforms associated with landslide deposits and those associated with density currents. In this latter case, relevant sediment sources and slope gradients (<8°) are key factors for bedform development. Erosional–depositional bedforms are typically related to eruption‐fed density flows formed during large caldera collapses or to large turbidity flows. Bedforms generated by turbidity flows are often observed in the lower volcanic flanks, where an abrupt decrease of gradients is present, often matching a change from confined to unconfined settings. In summary, this study provides insights to interpret bedforms in modern and ancient marine volcaniclastic settings elsewhere.
Tri-Clustering Based Exploration of Temporal Resolution Impacts on Spatio-Temporal Clusters in Geo-Referenced Time Series

Unprecedented amounts of spatio-temporal data instigates an urgent need for patterns exploration in it. Clustering analysis is useful in extracting patterns from big data by grouping similar data elements into clusters. Compared with one-way clustering and co-clustering methods, tri-clustering methods are more capable of exploring complex patterns. However, the explored patterns or clusters could be different due to varying temporal resolutions of input data. This study presents a tri-clustering based method to explore the impacts of different temporal resolutions on spatio-temporal clusters identified in geo-referenced time series (GTS), one type of spatio-temporal data. Dutch daily temperature data at 28 stations over 20 years was used to illustrate this study. The temperature data at daily, monthly, and yearly resolutions were subjected to the Bregman cube average tri-clustering algorithm with I-divergence (BCAT_I) to detect spatio-temporal clusters, which were then compared in terms of patterns exhibited, compositions, and changed elements. Results confirm the temporal resolution impacts on the spatio-temporal clusters identified in the Dutch temperature data: most compositions of clusters are varying when changing the temporal resolutions of input data in the GTS. Nevertheless, there is almost no change of elements in certain clusters (12 stations in the northeast of the country; years 1996, 2010) at all temporal resolutions, suggesting them as the “true” clusters in the case study dataset.
New records of exotic species of Oniscidea (Crustacea: Isopoda) from northern Mexico

To date 86 species of 33 genera and 16 families of Oniscidea have been recorded in Mexico. Collections of 4 academic institutions and recent field materials were revised. From 1,820 specimens, 1,417 (77.6%) were determined to belong to 6 exotic forms. A taxonomic account and a species identification key with SEM plates of these exotic entities are presented. For morphological analysis we used light and SEM microscopy. The molecular identity of 5 of the 6 forms was examined through cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (mtDNA) analyses. The exotic species determined are: Armadillidae, Cubaris murina ; Armadillidiidae, Armadillidium vulgare ; Porcellionidae, Agabiformius lentus , Porcellio laevis, P. scaber, and Porcellionides pruinosus . The exotic oniscideans were recorded from urban, rural and natural (riparian) zones in 15 states of northern Mexico, including the first formal records in Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas. Armadillidium vulgare, P. laevis, and P. pruinosus often co-occurred and are the most widely distributed species in this region. Although most of the material examined was recorded from urban zones (> 50% of studied sites), A. vulgare and P. laevis were also found in riparian areas (natural zones), yet P. pruinosus was recorded mainly from riparian areas (60% of 45 lots examined).
Variability of the stomata among 'Albariño' (Vitis vinifera L.) clones and its relationship with susceptibility to downy mildew

Introduction: In grapevines the stomata are located on the abaxial epidermis of the leaves, arranged in no specific order. As in other plants, they regulate the communication between the internal tissues and the external atmosphere, playing a critical role in both photosynthesis and transpiration processes. Moreover, stomata are the main entrance for pathogens such as Plasmopara viticola (Berk & Curt.) Berl. & de Toni, the causal agent of downy mildew, one of the most widespread fungal diseases of grapevines. Due to this and the fact that downy mildew causes large losses in yield and quality of grapes, there is a great interest to determine the causes of the different degree of susceptibility to this pathogen. Some authors have searched for anatomical features that might be related to the penetration and development of P. viticola in the mesophyll of grapevine leaves, such as the density of leaf hairs (KORTEKAMP and ZYPRIAN, 1999) or the ultrastructure of stomata (JÜRGES et al. 2009). Other authors have examined the differences concerning the number of stomata in different grapevine cultivars (DÜRING 1980, PALLIOTTI et al. 2000, BEN SALEM-FNAYOU et al. 2005), but none had evaluated the differences for this aspect between clones of the same cultivar. Recently some authors have found a strong correlation between the number and size of stomata and the susceptibility to downy mildew (LU et al. 2010). The aim of this work is to determine whether different clones of 'Albariño' differ in terms of their number and size of stomata and its possible relation with the different susceptibility to P. viticola of these same clones.
Determinants of quality of research environment: An assessment of the environment submissions in the UK’s Research Excellence Framework in 2014

One of the assessed research elements in the UK’s Research Excellence Framework (REF) exercise in 2014 was the research environment. The quality of the research environment was assessed by expert peer reviewers who were given a set of quantitative factors to support their decision making. However, there is no systematic procedure to integrate this quantitative information into the evaluation process. This article evaluates the relevance of quantitative factors in explaining the assessed quality of the research environment. Findings suggest submitting units with high external research income generation tend to have a better research environment evaluation in almost all the assessed subject areas. The importance given by reviewers to similar quantitative factors was distinctively different in two units of assessment (UoA) in which the evaluation criteria were the same, which highlights the internal inconsistency of the peer review evaluation. Our findings also confirm the existence of the ‘halo effect’ in some UoA where submitting units that belong to the Russell group and have sub-panel members in the REF exercise obtained higher scores even after controlling for the assessed quantitative factors.
A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Social Capital on Firm Performance in China’s Transition Economy

There is almost no research consensus on the influence of social capital on firm performance in China, which motivates our study in this paper. Our research aim here is to identify the effect of contextual and methodological moderators on the relationship between social capital and firm performance in China’s transition economy. Meta-analysis is employed to explore the impact of social capital on firm performance and to identify moderators affecting the relationship based on 106 independent studies between 2008 and 2018. The results demonstrate that the social capital–performance link is positive and significant in China. Particularly, social capital has a stronger positive relationship with performance in high-tech industries or in low-level marketization. Meanwhile, the social capital–performance link depends on the specific performance measures and dimensions. The paper clearly indicates the value of cultivating social capital and reveals that distinct types of social capital are needed at different points in different industries and market areas.
Effects of Applied Index Selection Approach on Egg Production Traits in Two Pure-Bred Brown Egg Layers

Two pure breed brown egg layers (Barred Rock and Rhode Island Red) were selected for 8 generations (200-2009) to improve egg production traits at Poultry Research Institute of Ankara. Under method of index selection, sires and dams as to be parents of next generations, were chosen on the basis of their individual and family indices values. Hens of two breeds (total 17,834) were artificially mated with cocks from their own breed. In the present study two pure lines selected for their age at first egg, body weight at first egg, egg number to 43 weeks and egg weight were analyzed by REML means of the traits in the pure-bred brown egg layers; age at first egg 148.511±0.23 to 166.882±0.50, body weight at first egg 1765.354±3.92 to 1974.478±6.86, egg number to 43 weeks 111.736±0.59 to 137.716±0.30, mean egg weight 54.812±0.08 to 61.751±0.13 were calculated. Means of heritability; age at first egg 0.43±0.024 to 0.32±0.025, body weight at first egg 0.60±0.023 to 0.52±0.025, egg number to 43 weeks 0.32±0.022 to 0.43±0.024, egg weight 0.38±0.024 to 0.45±0.024 were measured. The selection method which was used in this research was positively effected means of the traits.
Host Community Attitude Toward Trade-off Between Tourism Development and Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of Palau

Palau is home to one of the purest marine ecosystems in the Pacific Ocean; however, since 2015, Palau has suffered an economic decline due to the negative environmental effects of over- tourism. The island country is at the crossroads of stagnation and recovery. The community attitude towards the trade-off between tourism development and environmental conservation are critical for forging a tourism strategy. This research attempts to identify the attitudes, values and beliefs of the community and proposes an appropriate plan within the current tourism scenario. The method of in-depth interviews and secondary data analysis were applied using NVivo software. The results showed that there are different viewpoints between the residents and the government, but there is one aspect that everyone agrees on: the need to develop tourism strategy that runs parallel to environmental conservation by upgrading Palau’s tourism to provide a high-end product. This would ideally result in finding a balance between the needs of the host community and sustainable tourism in a win-win scenario.
The role of body size on the outcome of mating interactions in Drosophila melanogaster

Sexual selection is the process by which some individuals produce more and/or better quality offspring than others because they are better at securing mates. While this may be accomplished by defeating same-sex rivals (intrasexual selection), individuals of one sex (typically females) may also “decide” on the suitability of individuals of the opposite sex (typically males), resulting in intersexual selection on attractive traits. While a great deal of scrutiny has focused on how sexual selection influences male display traits, much less scrutiny has been directed toward the factors underlying female preference, including genetic variation, as well as the extent to which both sexes are involved in mate choice. In Drosophila melanogaster, a model species for the study of sexual selection, previous studies have examined the role of body size variation in a single sex on the behaviours and outcomes related to courtship and copulation. However, few studies have simultaneously varied both male and female body size. In my first study (Chapter 2), I experimentally paired male and female flies from across a wide spectrum of body size phenotypes and quantified several behavioural traits: time to courtship initiation, length of courtship and length of copulation. I found that absolute body size differences affected length of courtship and that relative body size differences affected time to courtship initiation. While Chapter 2 demonstrated how mate choice may be expressed within a single generation of individuals, whether individual preference variation in females had a genetic component had yet to be determined experimentally. In my second study (Chapter 3), I investigated if female body size preference had a genetic component by
IN VITRO IN VIVO EVALUATION OF NIOSOMAL FORMULATION OF FAMOTIDINE

Objective: The present study was aimed on formulation and evaluation of famotidine loaded niosomal formulation for in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour. Formulating it as niosomal formulation might be quite advantageous for prolonging the duration of pharmacological action and improved bioavailability. Methods: In the present study niosomal formulations were prepared by using most documented thin film hydration technique by using various grades of surfactants (span 20, 40, 60, 80) in varying ratios with cholesterol, negative charge inducer di cetyl phosphate (DCP) and drug famotidine. Suitable preformulation studies were conducted like identification of drug, excipient and drug compatibility study. The optimized drug loaded niosomes were characterized for size and morphology, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment, in vitro release, in vivo study and stability study. Results: The results showed that the vesicles formed were spherical in shape, size ranging between 160.1 nm to 718.7 nm with zeta potential values indicating good stability and formulation containing span 60 (NMS7) showed the highest entrapment efficiency (73.234%). All the formulations showed prolonged release profile for more than 24 h with release kinetics better suited to zero order release pattern. In vivo study conducted on rabbits predicted a fourfold increase in pharmacokinetic parameter (area under curve)AUC and pharmacological action for more than 24 h as compared to free drug famotidine which showed its action only upto 12 h. Conclusion: Thus the famotidine loaded niosomal formulation may be considered as a very promising drug delivery system which could be successfully employed for prolonging the drug release and overcoming the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery systems.
Development of a Sensitive Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Vitellogenin in the Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica

petitive avidin-biotm interaction was performed by a sandwich method using the specificity of the specific antiserum to eel yolk protein (a-lipovitellin) and biotinylated F(ab•Œ)2 fragment of a-lipovitellin. The assay could be run in 2 days and routinely detect VTG in a concentration as low as 0.8 ng/ml. The appearance of low levels of serum VTG significantly increased 9-12 h after a single injection of es tradiol-17 ƒÀ into immature fish. The development of an ELISA for VTG made possible the quantifica tion of serum VTG and thereby in vitro analysis of the mechanism of the onset and course of vitellogen esis.