Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of exercises by telerehabilitation on pain, physical function and quality of life in people with physical disabilities: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials with GRADE recommendations

Objective Investigate whether exercise-based telerehabilitation improves pain, physical function and quality of life in adults with physical disabilities. Design Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Data sources Searches were performed in AMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase, PEDro, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO. Eligibility criteria Trials were considered if they evaluated exercise by telerehabilitation. The population included adults with physical disability. Comparisons were control and other interventions. The outcomes were pain, physical function and quality of life. Study selection, data extraction and analysis followed the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019122824). GRADE determined the strength of evidence. Results Forty-eight trials were included in the quantitative analysis. When compared with other interventions, there was high-quality evidence that telerehabilitation was not different to other interventions for pain (95% CI: −0.4 to 0.1), physical function (95% CI: −0.2 to 0.2) and quality of life (95% CI: −0.1 to 0.5) at long-term. There was moderate-quality evidence that telerehabilitation was not different to other interventions for physical function (95% CI: −0.1 to 0.5) and quality of life (95% CI: −0.2 to 0.5) at short-term. However, due to the low-quality evidence and the small number of trials comparing exercise protocols offered by telerehabilitation with control groups, it is still not possible to state the efficacy of telerehabilitation on pain, function and quality of life at short-term and long-term. Conclusions Exercise by telerehabilitation may be an alternative to treat pain, physical function and quality of life in adults with physical disabilities when compared with other intervention.
Fundulus catenatus (Northern Studfish) Response to the Potential Alarm Cue Chondroitin Sulfate

Abstract The evolution of organismal cue-response systems can allow for an effective behavioral reaction to various environmental signals. In aquatic habitats, the reception of certain chemical cues can increase individual fitness of organisms by serving as an indicator of predation threat. In some fish species, damage to an individual's epidermal cells causes release of a substance that functions as an alarm cue and consequently initiates defense responses in neighboring prey. Recent research on the chemical makeup of the substance that elicits an anti-predator response in Danio rerio (Hamilton) (Zebrafish) revealed that chondroitin fragments were a key component in this substance. The goal of our study was to investigate the ability of chondroitin to elicit an alarm response in Fundulus catenatus (Storer) (Northern Studfish). This species is a small-bodied killifish native to southeastern to south-central USA and is associated with topwater habitats near aquatic and/or overhanging vegetation. We hypothesized that reduced movement and/or a change in position in the water column would be a likely response of the Northern Studfish to chondroitin. We experimentally observed Northern Studfish behavior before and after the addition of chondroitin and a control substance, and compared the fishes' behavioral responses. Our results show that the Northern Studfish that were exposed to chondroitin tended to reduce their movement by sevenfold and were more likely to move to the bottom of the aquarium relative to the control group, suggesting that chondroitin potentially serves as an alarm-cue component in this species. Our study represents the first demonstration of Northern Studfish response to a chemical cue and the first time that chondroitin sulfate has been shown to elicit a component of alarm behavior in a stream fish. We discuss our findings in relation to potential uses of chondroitin as an alarm cue in the conservation of imperiled stream fishes.
Maturation strategies and limitations of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs). They are not only widely used in cardiac pharmacology screening, human heart disease modeling, and cell transplantation-based treatments, but also the most promising source of CMs for experimental and clinical applications. However, their use is largely restricted by the immature phenotype of structure and function, which is similar to embryonic or fetal CMs and has certain differences from adult CMs. In order to overcome this critical issue, many studies have explored and revealed new strategies to induce the maturity of iPSC-CMs. Therefore, this article aims to review recent induction methods of mature iPSC-CMs, related mechanisms, and limitations.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Requirements for Optimizing Growth and Flowering of the Nobile Dendrobium as a Potted Orchid

Experiments were conducted to determine how nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) rate and fertilizer termination time affect the growth and flowering of a Dendrobium nobile Lindl. hybrid, Dendrobium cv Red Emperor 'Prince'. Nitrogen, P, and K were tested in separate experiments as a factorial combination of five rates and three termination dates (1 Sept., 1 Oct., and 1 Nov. 2005). Nitrogen and K rates were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg.L -1 . Phosphorus rates were 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg·L -1 . Levels of the nutrients not being tested were held constant. For all nutrients, ending fertilization on 1 Sept. resulted in greater or similar pseudobulb thickness compared with ending fertilization on 1 Oct. or 1 Nov. Pseudobulbs grew taller as the N rate increased, peaking at 100 and 200 mg·L -1 . There were interactions between the N rate and fertilizer termination time on all reproductive characteristics. For all fertilizer termination times, flower number increased once N was applied. When ended on 1 Nov., 200 and 400 mg·L -1 N caused a delay to reach anthesis. All P rates resulted in taller plants with equally more nodes when compared with 0 mg·L -1 . As the K rate increased from 0 to 100 mg·L -1 , ', plant height increased, with no further increase at higher rates. The number of leaves remaining increased as N and K rates increased up to 200 mg·L -1 . '. Total flower number and flowering node number increased as the K rate increased to 100 mg·L -1 (terminated on 1 Sept.) or 50 mg·L -1 (terminated on 1 Oct. or 1 Nov.). In the fourth experiment, only N was ended at four termination times, whereas all other nutrients continued to be supplied until flowering. Control plants received all fertilizer elements until flowering. The duration of N application did not affect vegetative or flowering characteristics. No aerial shoots were observed as a result of prolonged application of N at all rates. In summary, 100 mg·L -1 N, 25 mg·L -1 P, and 100 mg·L -1 K are recommended for optimal vegetative growth and reproductive development of Dendrobium cv Red Emperor 'Prince'.
Host Overwintering Phenology and Climate Change Influence the Establishment of Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Larval Parasitoid Introduced for Biocontrol of the Emerald Ash Borer

Abstract Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is one of the most serious forest pests in the United States. Ongoing research indicates that establishment of larval parasitoids depends upon the season-long availability of host stages susceptible to parasitism. We monitored emerald ash borer overwintering stages at 90 sites across 22 states to: 1) produce a model of the percentage of emerald ash borer overwintering as non-J larvae; 2) link that model to establishment of Tetrastichus planipennisi; and 3) explore changes to our model under climate change scenarios. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) is an important predictor of the proportion of emerald ash borer overwintering as non-J larvae (1–4 instar larvae under the bark; available to parasitoids emerging in spring) versus J-larvae (fourth-instar larvae in pupal chambers in the outer wood; unavailable to parasitoids). From north to south, the availability of non-J emerald ash borer larvae in the spring decreases as accumulated GDD increases. In areas where the model predicted >46–75%, >30–46%, >13–30%, or ≤13% of emerald ash borer overwintering as non-J larvae, the probability of establishment of T. planipennisi was 92%, 67%, 57%, and 21%, respectively. We determined that 13% of emerald ash borer overwintering as non-J larvae was the lowest threshold for expected T. planipennisi establishment. Additional modeling predicts that under climate change, establishment of T. planipennisi will be most affected in the Central United States, with areas that are currently suitable becoming unsuitable. Our results provide a useful tool for the emerald ash borer biological control program on how to economically and successfully deploy emerald ash borer biological control agents.
On the systematic status of Calliophis macclellandi nigriventer Wall, 1908 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae).

Sinomicrurus macclellandi (Reinhardt, 1844) is a species of coral snakes distributed across the forests of Southeast Asia and the Himalayas. The species exhibits distinct forms across its range, and it has been classified into four subspecies. Calliophis macclellandi nigriventer Wall, 1908 a population from Western Himalayas, which was described as a variety, has not been attended to until now. Our study of a recently collected specimen from near Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India and existing museum material has allowed us to assess the validity of this population based on molecular and morphological data and has given us enough evidence to suggest its elevation to a species rank. Sinomicrurus nigriventer comb. nov. was found to be embedded within a clade comprising S. peinani, but not S. macclellandi s. l. , with a genetic distance of 7-16% from its congeners. Morphologically, it differs from its congeners in having a reddish brown dorsum and a mid-dorsal black vertebral strip extending from the nape to the vent and with three thin bands on the tail, belly white with black smear up to the vent, tail dorsum with a few band-like blotches, and males with 230-235 ventral scales.
Nationwide Perioperative Analysis of Endoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Craniosynostosis: Equal Access, Unequal Outcomes

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate national differences in inpatient outcomes and predictors of treatment type for endoscopic versus open surgery for craniosynostosis, with particular consideration of racial, socioeconomic, and geographic factors. The 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database was queried to identify patients aged 3 years or younger who underwent craniectomy for craniosynostosis. Multivariable regression modeled treatment type based on patient-level (gender, race, income, comorbidities, payer) and facility-level (bed size, region, teaching status) variables, and was used to assess outcomes. The weighted sample included 474 patients, of whom 81.9% (N = 388) of patients underwent open repair and 18.1% (N = 86) underwent endoscopic repair. A total of 81.1% of patients were under 1 year of age and 12.0% were syndromic. Patients were more likely to be treated open if they were older (odds ratio [OR] 3.07, P = 0.005) or syndromic (OR 8.56, P = 0.029). Patients who underwent open repair were more likely to receive transfusions (OR 2.86, P = 0.021), and have longer lengths of stay (OR 1.02, P < 0.001) and more costly hospitalizations (OR 5228.78, P = 0.018). Complications did not significantly vary between procedure type. The authors conclude that United States national data confirm benefits of endoscopic surgery, including a lower risk of transfusion, shorter hospital stay, and lower hospital costs, without a significant change in the rate of inpatient complications. Racial, socioeconomic, and geographic factors were not significantly associated with treatment type or perioperative surgical outcomes. Future studies are needed to further investigate the influence of such variables on access to craniofacial care.
Taphonomic analysis of small mammal bone remains preyed upon by wildcats (Carnivora: Felidae) from the central Monte Desert (Mendoza, Argentina)

The present study analysed the taphonomic characteristics of small mammal bone accumulations produced by small felids in an area from the central Monte Desert (Mendoza, Argentina). In order to provide criteria to identify the role that these predators had in the formation of zooarchaeological assemblages, the anatomical representation, bone breakage patterns and degrees of digestive corrosion were evaluated. The main taphonomic results are: low average values for the relative abundance of skeletal elements; greater representation of mandibles, maxillae, isolated incisors, humeri and femora than the remaining elements; preponderance of cranial elements with high proportion of isolated teeth; elevated frequencies of proximal limb bones compared with distal parts; high degree of breakage in all skeletal elements and digestive corrosion on almost all diagnostic bones (mainly moderate and heavy). The values of the studied taphonomic variables indicate that small felids in this area made severe alterations to the bones of their prey (mainly rodents), attributable to the category of extreme modifier, while preserving enough skeletal elements to allow their taphonomic characterization. Tooth marks or grooves on bone surfaces produced by scratching and chewing were not detected. The low relative abundance of skeletal elements, the high degree of breakage and the elevated frequency of elements with digestion traces represent general taphonomic patterns that fall within those reported for other South American small carnivores.
Infections in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases treated with targeted agents: SEIFEM multicentric retrospective study

We describe the opportunistic infections occurring in 362 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders treated with ibrutinib and idelalisib in clinical practice. Overall, 108 of 362 patients (29·8%) developed infections, for a total of 152 events. Clinically defined infections (CDI) were 49·3% (75/152) and microbiologically defined infections (MDI) were 50·7% (77/152). Among 250 patients treated with ibrutinib, 28·8% (72/250) experienced one or more infections, for a total of 104 episodes. MDI were 49% (51/104). Bacterial infections were 66·7% (34/51), viral 19·6% (10/51) and invasive fungal diseases (IFD) 13·7% (7/51). Among the 112 patients treated with idelalisib, 32·1% (36/112) experienced one or more infections, for a total of 48 episodes. MDI were 54·2% (26/48). Bacterial infections were 34·6% (9/26), viral 61·5% (16/26) and IFD 3·8% (1/26). With ibrutinib, the rate of bacterial infections was significantly higher compared to idelalisib (66·7% vs. 34·6%; P = 0·007), while viral infections were most frequent in idelalisib (61·5% vs. 19·6%; P < 0·001). Although a higher rate of IFD was observed in patients treated with ibrutinib, the difference was not statistically significant (13·7% vs. 3·8% respectively; P = 0·18). Bacteria are the most frequent infections with ibrutinib, while viruses are most frequently involved with idelalisib.
Mechanisms of Synaptic Homeostasis and their Influence on Hebbian Plasticity at CA1 Hippocampal Synapses

Homeostatic processes are believed to contribute to the stability of neuronal networks that are perpetually influenced by Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity. Whereas the rules governing the targeting and trafficking of AMPA and NMDA subtypes of glutamate receptors during rapid Hebbian LTP have been extensively studied, those that are operant during homeostatic forms of synaptic strengthening are less well understood. Here, we used biochemical, biophysical and pharmacological approaches to investigate glutamate receptor regulation during homeostatic synaptic plasticity. We show in rat organotypic hippocampal slices that prolonged network silencing induced a robust surface upregulation of GluA2-lacking AMPARs, not only at synapses, but also at extrasynaptic dendritic and somatic regions of CA1 pyramidal neurons. We also detected a shift in NMDAR subunit composition that, in contrast to the cell-wide surface delivery of GluA2-lacking AMPARs, occurred exclusively at synapses. The subunit composition and subcellular distribution of AMPA and NMDARs are therefore distinctly regulated during homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Thus, because subunit composition dictates key channel properties such agonist affinity, gating kinetics and calcium permeability, the homeostatic synaptic process transcends the simple modulation of synaptic strength by also regulating the signaling and integrative properties of central synapses.
Examining the effects of climate change and species invasions on Ontario walleye populations: can walleye beat the heat?

The combined effects of multiple environmental stressors continue to threaten global biodiversity, yet predicting how biotic interactions between native and invasive species may change across a landscape in a multiple stressor environment is relatively understudied. We aim to identify how the invasion of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomeiu) may influence native walleye (Sander vitreus) populations across Ontario lakes at the landscape scale in a changing climate.
Influence of temperature and oxygen on the distribution of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) in the Central Pacific

The blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) is a highly migratory pelagic predator of tropical and subtropical seas. Information on the habitat use of marine species is fundamental to understanding their ecology and population dynamics and is needed to inform responsible management strategies. Using a long-term satellite tagging data set from The International Game Fish Association Great Marlin Race, we examined habitat use and how oxygen and temperature influence the horizontal and vertical distributions of blue marlin in the Central Pacific. Blue marlin primarily occurred in warm waters (26–30°C) and exhibited a diel bimodal depth distribution across the 5-year data record (2009–2013), with fish spending the majority of their time near the surface at night and at deeper depths during the day (25–100 m). The depth distribution of blue marlin was limited in areas where low oxygen and/or temperature conditions occur closer to the surface, with the extent of habitat compression being greatest when both oxygen and temperature were limiting. The migrations of blue marlin appeared restricted during the 2010 La Nina, when increased equatorial upwelling resulted in an extension of the cold, low oxygen waters of the cold tongue into the Central Pacific, creating a barrier to the trans-equatorial migrations that occurred during all other tagging years. If the frequency and intensity of La Nina events increases and the oxygen minimum layer continues to expand as has been predicted under certain climate change scenarios, the migratory behavior and habitat availability of blue marlin may be impacted.
Chemical composition, physico-chemical properties, enzymatic inhibition and fermentative characteristics of dietary fibres from edible seaweeds

La teneur, les proprietes chimiques et physico-chimiques de fibres alimentaires d'ingredients alimentaires a base d'algues marines ont ete etudiees, ainsi que leurs effets sur l'activite d'enzymes digestives et leur fermentescibilite par la flore colique humaine. Des poudres d'algues rouges Palmaria et Gracilaria et celles d'algues brunes Ascophyllum et Himanthalia contiennent 278-474 g.kg -1 de fibres. Des teneurs plus elevees sont obtenues a partir de poudres d'algues brunes (567-694 g.kg -1 ) blanchies ou lavees par des solutions acides ou basiques, ou apres extraction et purification des fibres solubles de Palmaria (PP). L'alginate et le carraghenane semi-raffine (PC) contiennent environ 570 g.kg -1 de fibres. Tous les ingredients etudies sont riches en fibres solubles, particulierement ceux a base d'algues brunes pour lesquels ces dernieres representent 56-75% des fibres totales. La composition et la structure chimique des fibres solubles sont en accord avec celles d'alginate, de fucane, de laminarane pour les algues brunes, et d'agar, de carraghenane et de xylane pour les poudres d'algues rouges. La cellulose est la principale fibre insoluble. Les poudres de Palmaria, Gracilaria, Ascophyllum, Himanthalia et celle de l'algue verte Ulva sp ont une forte capacite de retention d'eau. Parmi les ingredients et les fibres solubles, seuls l'alginate et PC developpent une forte viscosite intrinseque (10 962 et 5 912 L.kg -1 , respectivement). La capacite d'echange cationique se situe entre 0,4 eq.kg -1 pour les poudres de Palmaria et de Gracilaria contenant des fibres neutres et 2,7 eq.kg -1 pour la poudre d'Himanthalia contenant de l'alginate et des fucanes. Des composes non-fibres et non identifies sont probablement a l'origine de l'augmentation de l'activite de la pepsine par les poudres d'Ascophyllum et d'Himanthalia ainsi que de la diminution de celle de la trypsine par les poudres d'Ascophyllum et d'Ulva. PP est bien fermente en acides gras a chaine courte (AGCC) par les bacteries fecales (81,5% des oses initiaux sont degrades et 5,8 mol d'AGCC sont produits par kg de substrat), mais la fermentation des autres substrats algaux est faible (15,4-53,7% des oses initiaux sont degrades pour 2,8-3,7 mol.kg -1 d'AGCC produits). La degradation des ingredients PC et alginate (30,0 et 49,6% des oses initiaux) et la faible production d'AGCC (2,4 et 3,0 mol.kg -1 ) indiquent qu'une partie des oses liberes n'est pas metabolisee en AGCC. Cette etude demontre que la composition chimique, les proprietes physico-chimiques et les caracteristiques fermentaires de fibres alimentaires contenues dans des ingredients alimentaires a base d'algues marines varient remarquablement en relation avec l'espece d'algue et le procede de transformation.
ASAP: assemble species by automatic partitioning

Here, we describe Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), a new method to build species partitions from single locus sequence alignments (i.e., barcode data sets). ASAP is efficient enough to split data sets as large 104 sequences into putative species in several minutes. Although grounded in evolutionary theory, ASAP is the implementation of a hierarchical clustering algorithm that only uses pairwise genetic distances, avoiding the computational burden of phylogenetic reconstruction. Importantly, ASAP proposes species partitions ranked by a new scoring system that uses no biological prior insight of intraspecific diversity. ASAP is a stand‐alone program that can be used either through a graphical web‐interface or that can be downloaded and compiled for local usage. We have assessed its power along with three others programs (ABGD, PTP and GMYC) on 10 real COI barcode data sets representing various degrees of challenge (from small and easy cases to large and complicated data sets). We also used Monte‐Carlo simulations of a multispecies coalescent framework to assess the strengths and weaknesses of ASAP and the other programs. Through these analyses, we demonstrate that ASAP has the potential to become a major tool for taxonomists as it proposes rapidly in a full graphical exploratory interface relevant species hypothesis as a first step of the integrative taxonomy process.