Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Injections to Treat Post-Stroke Arm Dysfunction

This review was written to determine the effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin (BoNT) as a treatment for upper extremity dysfunction in post-stroke patients. As most patients survive a stroke, many are burdened with disability and impaired limb function. Seventy percent of stroke patients experience motor dysfunction in the arm, with thirty percent of patients suffering from upper extremity spasticity. Spasticity is a speed-dependent condition where certain muscles are abnormally stiff, resulting in involuntary contraction when the spastic muscle is used. BoNT treatment includes injections in localized muscles and is primarily used to treat spasticity by temporarily paralyzing the injected muscle. Seven systematic reviews/meta-analyses and ten randomized-controlled trials were used to determine the effectiveness of BoNT in post-stroke patients. Overall, BoNT is effective in reducing spasticity and may be effective in reducing pain. However, its ability to improve motor function is still unclear. In addition, there is mixed evidence on the most effective way to administer BoNT treatment, such as the proper dosage or combining BoNT with another therapy. The treatment’s effectiveness is well documented in the chronic stage of stroke but less so in the acute and subacute stages. More research is needed to determine the potential adverse effects of long-term exposure to BoNT and the most appropriate dose to administer.
Distribution and Abundance of Fish Larvae in South of Alas Strait, West Nusa Tenggara

The early life of fish larvae is important to understand the entire life history of the fish. At this phase, larvae movement is very weak and dependent on the movement of water currents. This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of fish larvae in the waters south of the Port of Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sampling of fish larvae were done at five stations at waters around Alas Strait and Indian Ocean south of East Lombok. Sampled were collected from 5 different depth: 0-200 m, 201-1000 m, 1001-2000 m, 2001-3000 m and >3000 m. A total of 122 fish larvae were collected which belong to 26 families and varied compositions among observation stations. The samples was dominated by Scombridae family (18 %), followed by Carrangidae and Blenniidae (13.1% and 6.6%, respectively). The highest abundance was occurred in station V (0-200 m) of 125 individuals.1000-1m3. It showed that inshore/shallow waters have more abundance than offshore/deep waters. The findings from this study can be basic information for the authorities to establish sustainable fisheries policy. Keywords: fish, larvae movement, sustainable fishery, early life.
Ionospheric Alfvén resonator observed at low‐latitude ground station, Muroto

The ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) is found in a dynamic power spectrum of the geomagnetic field variations as spectral resonance structures in the frequency range of 0.1–10 Hz. To date, observations of IAR at low latitude have only been made by a few studies employing a single ground observatory and are not sufficient enough to reveal its general characteristics. We analyze data measured with an induction magnetometer installed at Muroto, Japan (24.40° geomagnetic latitude) for the period from 28 December 2013 to 13 August 2016. A statistical analysis reveals that the occurrence probability of the low‐latitude IAR is (1) dominant during nighttime with a gradual increase from dusk to midnight and a broad maximum at 00–05 LT followed by a sudden decrease at dawn, (2) slightly higher during May through September, and (3) independent of the Kp index for Kp ≤ 5. We also find that (4) the frequency separation between the harmonics (Δf) of the low‐latitude IAR is 0.1–0.5 Hz with a peak at 0.2–0.275 Hz. These observational results are compared with the model calculation results along with previous studies about possible energy sources. It is found that the global thunderstorm activity is a likely source for IAR at Muroto; that is, it produces electromagnetic disturbances that are converted into the Alfvén waves and that are then trapped in the ionospheric cavity bounded by the conductive E layer and a steep gradient of Alfvén velocity above the F2 layer to form the resonant Alfvén waves.
A phenomenologically grounded specification of varieties of adolescent depression

Researchers are increasingly acknowledging that psychopathological conditions usually grouped together under the generic label “depression” are highly diverse. However, no differential therapeutic approach currently exists that is sensitive to the varieties of depression afflicting young people. In fact, the discussion is missing something much more fundamental: a specification of the types of adolescent depression. Recent research that has aimed to classify different kinds of depression has mainly studied adult populations and predominantly used technically complicated measurements of biological markers. The neglect of the potential particularities of dysphoric disorders affecting youths is unfortunate, and the exclusive focus on biological parameters unnecessarily restrictive. Moreover, this one-sidedness obfuscates more directly available sources of clinically relevant data that could orient conceptualization efforts in child and adolescent psychiatry. Particularly, clues for discriminating different types of adolescent depression may be obtained by analyzing personally articulated accounts of how affected young people experience changes in their relation to the world and to themselves. Thus, here we present and discuss the findings of a study that explored the possibility of specifying types of adolescent depression in a phenomenological way. The study investigated the association between these types and the vicissitudes of personality development. In accounts given by youths diagnosed with depression during semi-structured interviews, we identified themes and examined their phenomenological centrality. Specifically, our qualitative analyses aimed to determine the relative importance of certain themes with respect to the overall intelligibility of the described changes to the relational space. Based on the findings of these analyses, we differentiate three specifiers of adolescent depression and suggest an association between particular types of experiences and the trajectory of affected adolescents’ personality development. To our knowledge, this is the first phenomenologically grounded specification of types of adolescent depression with potential therapeutic significance. Thus, based on this contribution, we propose that modes of scientific exploration that are close to phenomenological philosophy—which have been ignored in the context of developmental psychopathology—could offer a foundation to theories developed in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.
Experimental Study on the Damage of Granite by Acoustic Emission after Cyclic Heating and Cooling with Circulating Water

Hot dry rock is developed by injecting cold water into high-temperature rock mass. At the same time, cold water is heated in contact with the rock mass. With the continuous influx of cold water, the surrounding rock will undergo a rapid cooling process, which results in several cycles of heating and cooling. However, there is little research on the influence of cycles of heating and cooling with circulating water on the mechanical properties of rock, which is of great importance to the stability of rock mass engineering in the process of energy development. In this paper, the effects of cyclic heating and cooling with circulating water on the damage of granite are studied using uniaxial compressive, Brazilian and acoustic emission (AE) tests. The results show that heat treatment temperature and number of cycles have important effects on the mechanical properties of granite as follows: (1) at the same treatment temperature, an increase in the number of cycles means that the distribution of physical and mechanical parameters of the granite show an almost exponential downward trend. The uniaxial compression of granite results in its transformation from brittle to plastic, and the failure mode changes from slipping of the shear surface to plastic failure. With increased cycles of heating and cooling with circulating water, the tensile strength of granite also decreases; temperature has an obvious influence on physical and mechanical parameters, cracking of samples, and plays a controlling role in the failure mode of samples. In addition, (2) at the same temperature, the heating and cooling numbers N have a significant influence on the AE distribution characteristics of the sample under uniaxial compression and the number of AE collisions, and the cumulative number of AE decreases with the increase of N. (3) The concepts of mechanical damage and high-temperature and cold-water shock damage during uniaxial compression of samples were proposed based on AE, and the damage equations were established respectively. The curve equations of damage value (D) and cycle numbers N after thermal shock damage of high temperature and cold water were overlaid. The cracking mechanism of high-temperature and cold water impact on granite was analyzed, and the thermal shock stress equation of high temperature and water cooling was established.
The Effect of Tax Incentives, Financial Distress and Leverage on Accounting Conservatism

This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the effects of Tax Incentives, Financial Distress, and Leverage on Accounting Conservatism. This type of research is quantitative. The population in this study is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017-2021. The sample used in this study took 175 data from 35 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique in this study used the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing with the help of the Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 program. Based on the test result,s it was found that partially Financial Distress and leverage did not significantly affect Accounting Conservatism. In contrast, tax incentives had a significant influence on Accounting Conservatism. Simultaneously Tax Incentives, Financial Distress and Leverage affect Accounting Conservatism. The research findings provide practitioners, internal (managers and business owners, both local and multinational organizations), and external (policymakers, foreign investors) new insights into applying conservative accounting policies, which are influenced by various factors.
Structures in the Tethys Himalayas and their Tectonic Significance

Structural studies of Tethys sediments between Malari and Lapthal show development of many minor structures e.g. - 'cleavages, tension and shear fractures' - which have been utilised to deduce the stress fields responsible for the deformation of these rocks. The primary sedimentary structures such as bedding, current bedding suggest shallow deposition conditions. The shape of folds, the fracture cleavages, quartz and calcite filled tension gashes and other fractures, and the thrusts are all taken as evidence for 'shallow-level' deformation of these rocks in which 'brittle deformation' was dominant. The study suggests that major compressive stress responsible for the deformation of these rocks was always directed northeast-southwest and was lying sub-parallel to the earth's surface, the P-intermediate was directed NW-SE and was also horizontal, while the P-minimum was always invariably perpendic:ular to the earth's surface. Hence, it is concluded that these rocks have been deformed by horizontal compression and it appears that the major push was from the SW in this part of the ranges.
Fermented Protaetia brevitarsis Larvae Improves Neurotoxicity in Chronic Ethanol-Induced-Dementia Mice via Suppressing AKT and NF-κB Signaling Pathway

This study was investigated to examine the neuroprotective effect of fermented Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (FPB) in ethanol-induced-dementia mice. Consumption of FPB by mice resulted in improved memory dysfunction in the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. FPB significantly decreased oxidative stress by regulating levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain tissues. In addition, FPB restored cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP. In addition, FPB enhanced the cholinergic system via the regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expressions of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in brain tissues. FPB ameliorated neuronal apoptosis through modulation of the protein kinase B (AKT)/B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 signaling pathway. Also, FPB improved inflammation response by down-regulating the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Additionally, FPB ameliorated synaptic plasticity via the increase of the expressions of synaptophysin (SYP), postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, and growth-associated protein (GAP)-43. Treatment with FPB also reinforced the blood–brain barrier by increasing tight junctions including zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin, and claudin-1. In conclusion, these results show that FPB can improve cognitive impairment via AKT/NF-κB pathways in ethanol-induced-dementia mice.
ESTIMASI PARAMETER POPULASI IKAN TONGKOL KOMO (Euthynnus affinis) DI PERAIRAN LAUT JAWA

Tongkol komo ( Euthynnus affinis ) yang dikenal dengan nama perdagangan kawa-kawa termasuk dalam family Scombridae . Sebagai ikan pelagis mereka membentuk gerombolan, perenang cepat dan pemakan daging ( carnivore ). Penelitian tentang estimasi parameter populasi ikan tongkol komo di Laut Jawa didasarkan pada pengumpulan data di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan, pada bulan Februari-Desember 2012. Analisis parameter populasi menggunakan program “ Electronic Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran frekuensi panjang cagak ikan tongkol komo selama penelitian diperoleh panjang minimum 11,7 cm FL, panjang maksimum 55,4 cmFL dan panjang-rata-rata 34,1 cm. Persamaan dari hubungan panjang dan bobot ikan tongkol komo adalah W=0,00001L 3,1267 (r 2 =0,986). Parameter populasi menunjukkan panjang asimtotik (L∞) = 59,63 cm, kecepatan pertumbuhan ikan tongkol (K) = 0,91 per tahun dan umur pada saat ditetaskan (t 0 ) = 0,178 tahun. Mortalitas total (Z) adalah 2,64 per tahun dengan mortalitas alami (M) dan mortalitas penangkapan (F) masing-masing 1,13/tahun dan 1,51/tahun. Rasio eksploitasi ikan tongkol adalah 0,57 pertahun. Hal ini berarti bahwa pemanfaatan ikan tongkol komo di Laut Jawa sudah dimanfaatkan secara penuh ( fully exploited ). As pelagic fish, kawa-kawa (Euthynnus affinis) were included in the family Scombridae, Schooling behaviours, fast swimmers and carnivore. Research on population parameter estimates of kawa-kawa of the Java Sea conducted in the Pekalongan fishing port during February to December 2012. Data analyzed using analytical model application with program of “Electronic Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN -1)”. The results showed that the frequency distribution of fish during sampling periods ranged of 11.7 cm FL to 55.4 cmFL with average length of 34.1 cmFL. Equation of a length and weight relationship of W = 0.00001 L 3, 1267 (r 2 = 0.986). Population parameters included asymptotic length growth rate (L∞) was 59.63 cmFL, growth rate (K) = 0.91 per year and zero age (t 0 ) was 0.178 years. The total mortality (Z) was 2.64 per year, natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 1.13 per year and 1.51 per year, respectively. Exploitation rate (E) was 0.57 per year, it mean that utilization stage of kawa-kawa in the area sampling was fully exploited.
Supervisors’ guidance of PETE students’ reflections at practicum: creating conditions for different learning journeys

Physical education teacher education (PETE) students’ reflections on their practicums are influenced by how their supervisors guide them. Supervisors often evaluate and discuss PETE students’ teaching by guiding their focus on essential aspects to consider. This exploratory case study focuses on how supervisors’ guiding styles in reflective conversations affect how PETE students make meaning of their teaching. Reflective practitioners, in this case PETE students, make sense of practical situations from their own perspectives as part of their teaching practice. Supervisors’ guidance is essential here, because it can change PETE students’ understanding by (re) directing their attention to meaningful aspects when framing their teaching and help them to examine it from new perspectives. However, the findings indicate that supervisors’ various guidance affect how PETE students experience their learning journeys during practicum. In this study, the participating PETE students’ experiences of practicum differed: either they experienced a controlled journey that restricted their teaching due to predefined rules and condemning attitude toward pupils, or they experienced an adven-turous journey that enabled them to find their own paths as a teachers.
Assessment of the Frequency of the G6PD Mediterranean Gene Mutation 563 C→T (rs5030868) in Children attending Suez Canal University Hospital

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is known to be the most common enzymopathy in the world affecting ~7% of the global population. The G6PD gene, located in the long arm of chromosome X (Xq28), consists of 13 exons and 12 introns encoding 515 amino acids. Over 200 G6PD mutations have been reported worldwide, where 140 mutations or combined mutations are found to be hematologically important. Aim: To assess the frequency of the G6PD Mediterranean (Med) gene mutation 563 C → T in children attending Suez Canal University Hospital and its relation to G6PD silent gene mutation 1311 C → T. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 G6PD deficiency patients who were previously diagnosed and confirmed by quantification of G6PD enzyme activity, 44 of them were males while 6 patients were females. The control group was 20 apparently healthy children with matched age and sex with the patients' group. Each of the study groups was tested for the following: complete blood count, G6PD enzyme activity quantification, and testing the presence or absence of the G6PD Med gene mutation and G6PD silent gene mutation using real-time PCR. Results: The current study shows the incidence of G6PD Med gene mutation in 26 patients (5 2 %) and that 96.2% of G6PD patients with G6PD Med gene mutation had G6PD silent gene mutation. Conclusion: The current study shows the incidence of G6PD Med gene mutation in 5 2 % of patients and that 96.2% of G6PD patients with Med Gene mutation had G6PD silent gene mutation. The presence of either G6PD Med gene mutation or both G6PD Med gene mutation and G6PD silent gene mutation together were insignificant in the prediction of G6PD status whether diseased or not. G6PD deficiency could be a consequence of a complex multifactorial mechanism probably related to both environmental factors and genetic modifiers.
Physicochemical Characterization of Edible Insect Oils: Insights into Fatty Acid Composition, Thermal Behavior and Quality Parameters

Edible insects are emerging as a sustainable food source due to their high nutritional value. This study employed the three-phase partitioning (TPP) method to extract oils from sago worm ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ), superworm ( Zophobas morio ), and cricket ( Gryllus campestris ). The study evaluated and compared the physicochemical properties of these insect oils, including iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), p -anisidine value (p-AV), acid value (AV), refractive index (RI), thermal behavior, and fatty acid compositions. Results revealed that the sago worm exhibited the highest oil yield (47.8 ± 2.2%) compared to the superworm (23.8 ± 1.4%) and cricket (6.4 ± 0.6%). Cricket oil (CO) displayed the highest IV (85.62 ± 0.35 g/100 g), PV (50.50 ± 1.10 mEq/kg), and p-AV (4.66 ± 0.45), while AV and RI were the highest in sago worm oil (SWO) (8.23 ± 0.09 mg KOH/g) and superworm oil (SO) (1.4655 ± 0.00), respectively. The melting and crystallization pro ﬁ les of these insect oils varied. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the predominant fatty acid in all insect oils. CO exhibited the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (51%), followed by SO (42%) and SWO (39%). This study highlights the potential applications of insect oils in various industries.
A Content Analysis of Antibiotic use in Livestock in National U.S. Newspapers

The discovery of the antibiotic Aureomycin as a growth promotor for the livestock industry was viewed as revolutionary in 1950. The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock, however, has been questioned by health professionals concerned with the role this use might play in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As a public health issue, newspapers have covered this topic since its discovery. Media, such as newspapers, have used frames to discuss the topic over time as new discoveries have occurred, policy changes have been implemented, and food animal production has changed. The purpose of this study was to determine the frames and sources used by national U.S. newspapers when discussing the topic of antibiotic use in livestock and antibiotic resistance. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on three national U.S. newspapers from 1996 – 2017 and found three primary frames were used when discussing antibiotic use in livestock and antibiotic resistance. The content analysis also indicated that over 90% of the news articles contained a scientific source when communicating about this scientific topic. Based on the frames identified some readers are being ill-informed about this topic and could be using this information in their decision making without having all of the facts. Science communicators should prioritize the inclusion of scientific sources in their writing as they communicate about complex, controversial topics.
Classification of inorganic natural fine-grained soils in Korea based on modified plasticity chart

ABSTRACT Classification of fine-grained soils is typically conducted using plasticity charts. The typically used plasticity chart proposed by Casagrande was questioned by Polidori proposing different classification criterion in separating clayey and silty soils. Using natural clayey and silty soils sampled from four different coastal sites in Korea, applicability of both Casagrande’s and Polidori’s plasticity charts was evaluated. Classification results of Korean natural soils based on the Casagrande’s and Polidori’s plasticity charts did not match well with those based on the soils’ behavior reported in the previous publication. The disagreement in classification of Korean natural fine-grained soils may result from disregard of considerable silt fraction effect on plastic and liquid limits for Polidori’s chart. Consequently, revised proposal of Polidori’s plasticity chart was tentatively made for further classification of fine-grained soils suitable for Korean natural soils by accounting the effect of silt fraction on soil classification.