Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Some Selected Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil under Bush Burnt Practice in Kwami Local Government Area of Gombe State. Nigeria

This study assess changes in soil properties under bush burn practices under taking by the farmers in Kwami west, Kwami L.G. A, Gombe State. A total of 10 Soil samples that is five from each were collected. The collections were achieved at soil depth, 0-15cm (Top soil) at each site. Standard laboratory techniques were used to determine the various soil parameters: particle size (texture), soil reaction pH, Organic Carbon OC, Total Nitrogen N, Exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na). The results obtained were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the variability that coexisted among the soil physico-chemical parameters and a T-test was used to compare the variation between soil property for the burned and unburned soils. The results revealed a decrease in the mean values of the following soil parameters at the burned site compared to the unburned site: organic carbon 0.64 and 0.22, total nitrogen 0.29 and 0.006; sodium 0.38 and 0.32. However, an increase was observed in the following soil parameters: Magnesium 1.86 and 3.92; potassium 0.35 and 0.35; and calcium 3.12 and 4.98. These changes were attributed to the application of ash which resulted from burning in the burned site. The study revealed that burning lead to a greater loss in soil fertility and that can ultimately affect optimum crop production and development under a suitable Agricultural
Mastering the Art of Cookbook Medicine: Machine Learning, Randomized Trials, and Misallocation

The application of machine learning (ML) to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can quantify and improve misallocation in healthcare. We study the decision to prescribe anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation patients; anticoagulation reduces stroke risk but increases hemorrhage risk. We combine observational data on treatment choice and guideline use with ML estimates of heterogeneous treatment effects from eight RCTs. When physicians adopt a clinical guideline, treatment decisions shift towards the recommendation but adherence remains far from perfect. Improving guideline adherence would produce larger gains than informing physicians about guidelines. Adherence to an optimal rule would prevent 47% more strokes without increasing hemorrhages.
Differential Sensitivity of P-Rex1 to Isoforms of G Protein βγ Dimers*

P-Rex1 is a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac, which is present in high abundance in brain and hematopoietic cells. P-Rex1 is dually regulated by phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and the Gβγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. We examined which of the multiple G protein α and βγ subunits activate P-Rex1-mediated Rac guanine nucleotide exchange using pure, recombinant proteins reconstituted into synthetic lipid vesicles. AlF–4 activated Gs,Gi,Gq,G12, or G13 α subunits were unable to activate P-Rex1. Gβγ dimers containing Gβ1–4 complexed with γ2 stimulated P-Rex1 activity with EC50 values ranging from 10 to 20 nm. Gβ5γ2 was not able to stimulate P-Rex1 GEF activity. Dimers containing the β1 subunit complexed with a panel of different Gγ subunits varied in their ability to stimulate P-Rex1. The β1γ3, β1γ7, β1γ10, and β1γ13HA dimers all activated P-Rex1 with EC50 values ranging from 20 to 38 nm. Dimers composed of β1γ12 had lower EC50 values (∼112 nm). The farnesylated γ11 subunit is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells; surprisingly, dimers containing this subunit (β1γ11) were also less effective at activating P-Rex1. These findings suggest that the composition of the Gβγ dimer released by receptor activation may differentially activate P-Rex1.
Effects of Fertilization and Harvesting Age on Yield and Quality of Desho (Pennisetum pedicellatum) Grass Under Irrigation, in Dehana District, Wag Hemra Zone, Ethiopia

The experiment was conducted to evaluating the effects of fertilizer and harvesting age on agronomic performance, chemical composition and economic feasibility of Desho (Pennisetum Pedicellatum) grass under irrigation, in Ethiopia. A factorial arrangement with four fertilizer types (control, urea, compost and urea + compost), and three harvesting ages (90, 120 and 150) with three replications were used. Data on morphological characteristics of the grass were recorded. Based on the data collected, harvesting age was significantly affected the agronomic parameters of the grass. Plant height (PH), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), number of leaves per plant (NLPP), number of leaves per tiller (NLPT), dry matter yield (DMY), leaf length (LL) and leaf area (LA) were increased with increasing harvesting age, while leaf to stem ratio (LSR) showed a decreasing trend. NDF, ADF and ADL content were also increased with increasing age, while ash declined with age. Fertilizer was also significantly affected the agronomic parameter of Desho grass. A mixture of 50 kg urea (U)/ha and 6,000 kg compost/ha was provided the highest NTPP, NLPP, NLPT, and DMY, while NF (control) was the lowest in all parameters. Highest NDF, ADF, ADL and ash content were recorded at the control group. In general, using a mixture of 50 kg urea (U)/ha and 6,000 kg compost/ha fertilizer is the most important for long-term Desho grass production which provides a high benefit-cost ratio. Further research is needed in different organic and inorganic fertilizer combinations.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Malaria Prevention Options Adoption of Households in the North West Region of Cameroon

Despite its simple and perceived affordable prevention methods, malaria has over time remained the main killer disease in Africa, Sub Sahara Africa, Cameroon and the North West Region in Particular. It is from the above backdrop that this study uses quantitative approach to examine the socioeconomic determinants of malaria prevention options adoption by households in the North West Region of Cameroon. Thus, data was collected from 400 households purposively selected among the top ten health districts with high prevalence of malaria in the North West Region of Cameroon. The study used both Ordinary Least Square, Poisson and Ordered Logit Regression techniques to capture the socioeconomic determinants of malaria prevention behaviour of households. These different methodologies were used to check the robustness of the results as methodology changes. The findings reveal that community based malaria prevalence, knowledge of malaria signs, knowledge of malaria cause, age of household heads, marital status of household heads, household size, cost of malaria prevention, household monthly income, education and employment status of the household head are all socioeconomic factors that determine malaria prevention options adopted by households in the North West Region. Based on the findings, the study strongly recommends further sensitization campaigns; creation of community-based malaria control committees; sponsored media programs; household empowerment programs, free distribution of Insecticide Treated Bed Nets, the use of holistic rather than individualistic malaria prevention strategies, among others as specific policy measures that can health achieve the much desired goal of eradicating malaria in the North West Region and Cameroon as a whole.
The genus Uncinocarpus (Onygenaceae) and its synonym Brunneospora: new concepts, combinations and connections to anamorphs in Chrysosporium, and further evidence of relationship with Coccidioides immitis

The genus Uncinocarpus (Onygenales, Onygenaceae) is emended to include keratinophilic fungi with discrete, globose gymnothecial ascomata without differentiated ascomatal hyphae and bearing uncinate, helical, or no appendages; oblate, punctate ascospores sometimes with irregular reticulations; bulbous initials, and Malbranchea or Chrysosporium anamorphs. The new combination Uncinocarpus orissi is proposed for Pseudoarachniotus orissi; Gymnoascus arxii is shown to be a synonym. New records show that the fungus has a wide distribution from North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The teleomorph is formed under laboratory conditions by mating representative isolates. The anamorph has been described under the names Chrysosporium zonatum and Chrysosporium gourii. Chrysosporium queenslandicum is morphologically similar. Its teleomorph Apinisia queenslandica is transferred also to the genus Uncinocarpus as Uncinocarpus queenslandicus. Brunneospora reticulata, the type species of the genus Brunneospora, i.
Executive Stock Options, Missed Earnings Targets and Earnings Management

This paper examines whether stock‐option grants explain missed earnings targets, including reported losses, earnings declines, and missed analysts' forecasts. Anecdotal evidence and surveys suggest that managers believe that missing an earnings target can cause stock‐price drops (Graham et al. 2006). Empirical studies corroborate this notion (Skinner and Sloan 2002; Lopez and Rees 2002). Thus, a missed target could benefit an executive via lower strike price on subsequent option grants. Prior option grant studies explore only general downward earnings management (Balsam et al. 2003; Baker et al. 2003), but our study is the first to explore whether option grants encourage missed earnings targets. Indeed, if missed targets drive the prior results, then the literature has failed to document an important negative outcome of stock‐option incentives. We use quarterly and annual data for fixed‐date options granted after firms announce they have missed earnings targets. We find that firms that miss earnings targe.
The Effect Of “HIMMAH PROGRAM” Utilization (Health Promotion Media Based On It As Shorth Message Servive (SMS) Reminder About Dietary Obedience) On Blood Sugar Level Reduction On Pre-Elderly With Type Ii Diabetes Melitus At Cibabat Regional General Hospital

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood caused by insulin secretion failure, insulin action, or both. Diabetes mellitus is one of the degenerative diseases and the amount of it are recently increased in Indonesia. The dietary obedience properly encouraged with utilization “Himmah Program” use SMS reminder on diabetes mellitus clients is one key to control the blood sugar level. The research aims to indentify the effect of “himmah program” utilization on blood sugar level reduction on pre elderly with type II diabetes mellitus. Research methode used quasi experiment with non equivalent control group design. The amount of populations in this research is 24 respondents. Data collecting used purposive sampling technique. Data collecting was analyzed by using univariate with percentage and bivariate with parametric test. Research result : based on data analysis could be concluded that pretest result on intervention group were as many as 7 (58,3%) normal and control group as many as 7 (58,3%) normal. The posttest result found the increase of normal blood sugar level on respondents, intervention group as many as 11 (91,7%) normal and control group as many as 8 (66,7%) normal. Based on parametric test was obatined p value 0,000 < (0,05) means that are effects of himmah program on blood sugar lever reduction on pre elderly with type II diabetes mellitus. Conclusion and suggestion of this research, the diabetes mellitus clients are able to use “himmah program” on blood sugar level reduction.
Changes in nitrogen fractions and free amino acids of Kourdas, a salted dried meat Moroccan product

A microbial, physicochemical and proteolysis change during the ripening of the kourdas traditionally meat product was studied. Trials of kourdas making were carried out in the laboratory by the traditional procedure. Batches of 6 kg each of sheep fresh meat were purchased directly from the slaughterhouse. The meats were sliced, salted, spiced and coated in the rumen before exposed to the sun for drying. The batches were sampled at different times to follow up the microbiological, physico-chemical and proteolysis properties. Results indicated a considerable decrease in the moisture and proteins content (p < 0.05). NaCl content increased significantly during manufacture (p<0.05). The content of the different nitrogen fractions and of the free amino acids indicated that protein degradation during the manufacture of kourdas is only moderate. During ripening the total amine content increased significantly (P < 0.05).
OPTIMIZATION OF SMALL SCALE AXIAL AIR TURBINE USING ANSYS CFX

Efficient small scale axial air turbine is one of the proposed solutions for improving the overall efficiency of energy recovery cycles based on renewable energy sources. Turbine design requires an intensive CFD simulation and design optimization to identify optimal blade profile for maximum efficiency. Axial turbine rotor optimization was carried out usingdifferent optimization techniques available in ANSYS CFX. The highest rotor efficiency was accomplished using Multiobjective optimization algorithm (MOGA) with highest turbine efficiency of87.78% was achieved. KeywordsAxial Turbine, Optimization, CFX, Efficiency
Monitoring of Asian houbara bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii populations in Kazakhstan reveals dramatic decline

From 1998 to 2002 we monitored changes in the relative abundance of Asian houbara bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii across the greater part of its range in Kazakhstan. The areas most frequented by houbara bustard were the Kyzylkum region, with 35% of total sightings, and the Betpak-Dala/Muyunkum region with 25%. For all survey areas combined, mean relative abundance ranged from 0.004 to 0.017 individuals seen per km driven. Density estimates ranged from 0.025 to 0.086 houbara bustard per km2. Between 1999 and 2002 spring relative abundance and density decreased by 65 and 51% respectively. Likewise, autumn relative abundance decreased by 56% from 1998 to 2001 and density decreased by 35% between 1999 and 2001. Kyzylkum had the greatest declines in relative abundance during both spring (78%) and autumn (61%). It is highly probable that this observed decline in houbara bustard populations is linked to hunting and poaching pressure, both in Kazakhstan and on the wintering grounds of these Central Asian breeding populations.
Determinants of Voluntary Tax Compliance (THE CASE CATEGORY A AND B TAXPAYERS IN DIRE DAWA ADMINISTRATION)

Improved tax compliance boosts the revenues available for supporting public services without increasing the current tax burden on compliant tax payers. The voluntary compliance behavior of the taxpayers is determined by various factors and identifying these factors and treating them accordingly should be the central premises of any tax system in order to maintain voluntary compliance at satisfactory levels. The study investigate the five key determinants of voluntary tax compliance from existing literature and previous studies which include Demographic factors, Economic factors, Institutional factors, Social factors and Individual factors. The main objective of the study is to examine the determinants of voluntary tax compliance behavior of category A and B tax payers in Case of Dire Dawa City Administration. To achieve the objective, the authors use Pragmatics or mixed research approach. To this end, the researchers used both primary and secondary data. The target populations of the study are category “A” and “B” tax payers in Dire Dawa City Administration. A sample of 366 category “A” and “B” tax payers is taken by using multi stage sampling procedure. The findings from the regression analysis indicate that, compliance is significantly affected by nine determinant factors which consist of: Age, Education, Tax knowledge, Financial Constraints, Absence of Fairness, Role of the Tax Authority, complexity of Tax System, Absence of Tax Audits and Government Spending. This study also evidenced that, other variables such as Gender, Sales turn over, Religion, Penalties, Type of organization and Tax Rate were not significant determinants of tax compliance id Dire Dawa City Administration.
Three phenolic glycosides and immunological properties of Achillea millefolium from Iran, population of Golestan

From MeOH extract of aerial parts of Achillea millefolium L. collected from Golestan province of Iran, three glycosylated phenolic compounds, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside and caffeic acid glucoside were isolated and identified by spectroscopic analyses. Immunological properties of different fractions of plant extract were studied on humoral immune system of BALB/c mice by Microhaemagglutination test. Among these fractions only two fractions at 125 mg kg -1 and 61.5 mg kg -1 showed a significant decrease in the anti- SRBC titer of mice (P<0.05). The immunological properties of the latter fractions may be due to glycosylated derivatives of caffeic acid.
The histopathology associated with the juvenile stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Atlantic salmon infected with juvenile stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis were obtained from sea loch cage sites on the West coast of Scotland. Attached parasites on the skin were studied using light and electron microscopy. Behavioural activity was observed in attached stages maintained on skin in vitro. Pathological changes were associated with four main areas of interaction between the parasite and the host, namely second antennal attachment, filament attachment, maxilliped activity and feeding activity. The skin changes involved were initial mechanical disruption followed by epidermal hyperplasia. The filament material was secreted into the epidermis and spread laterally without breaching the basement membrane. Surprisingly little reaction to the filament occurred, but chalimus activity resulted in chronic changes which were more marked as the later chalimus stages were reached. Fibroplasia was a feature of lesions induced by redundant filaments resulting in small nodular lesions. After erosion of these nodules, all that remained were the melanized rings characteristic of old chalimus sites.
EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON IN-VITRO NITROGEN RESPONSE OF SOME DUTCH INDIGENOUS ORCHID SPECIES

The effect of mycorrhizal infection on the response to mineral nitrogen was studied in Orchis morio L. , Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soo var. junialis (Vermin.) Sengh. , Dactylorhiza majalis (Reichb.) Hunt & Summerh. , and Dactylorhiza incarnara (L.) Soo, using two strains of Ceratorhiza sp. and two of Epulorhiza repens (Bernard) Moore as mycorrhizal symbionts. Both types of endophyte appeared to be able to stimulate orchid growth at relatively low nitrogen availability in the culture medium. The Ceratorhiza strains decreased nitrogen tolerance of associated orchid protocorms and had pronounced negative effects on the growth and survival of D. majalis and D. incarnata at high concentrations of ammonium nitrate. Such effects did not occur in symbioses involving the Epulorhiza strains. Within orchid species, differences were observed in the extent to which fungal strains stimulated growth. The Ceratorhiza isolates were incompatible with O. morio while the Epulorhiza strains were generally less efficient for Dactylorhiza spp.
“Anomalous” THY-1(+) killer cells in allogeneic and F1-anti-parental mixed leukocyte culture. Relation to natural killer cells and allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Anomalous killer cells are Thy-1(+) blasts that are cytolytic to the natural killer (NK)-sensitive lymphoma YAC-1, and that can be detected early (day 3-4) in the period preceeding the allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in (CBA x A)F1 {arrow} C57B1 mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). We have investigated the origin and nature of anomalous killing (AK), with special emphasis on its relation to NK-and allospecific CTL-activity. AK was shown to be distinct from the previously described “NK(c)-cells” induced by cultivation in fetal calf serum (FCS)-supplemented medium when these two reactivities were examined in parallel. AK was detected in either FCS- or normal mouse serum (NMS)-supplemented allogeneic MLC, indicating that the response was not dependent on mitogenic or antigenic properties of heterologous serum. In addition to several H-2-incompatible combinations, AK was also observed in an Mls-incompatible (but H-2 compatible) and two F(1)- antiparental MLC responder/stimulator combinations. AK cells showed a similar selectivity pattern to NK cells, as demonstrated in cold target inhibition and direct cytotoxicity assays using variant or interferon-modulated YAC-1 cells with low expression of NK target structures. The AK-cells were NK- 1.2(-/weak). Thy-l.2(+), although they seem to be derived from non-adherent radiosensitive cells which are closely related, if not identical, to NK-cells (NK-1.2(+). Thy-l.2(-/weak)), as they could not be readily induced in responder populations with low NK-activity but normal allospecific CTL potential. Conversely, an in vivo thymectomy protocol or treatment of normal spleen cells with monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 + C reduced the allospecific CTL response drastically but did not affect the AK response. Anomalous killers were not observed when MLC were prepared with responder as well as stimulator cells devoid of mature T cells. In such a combination, the AK response could be partially restored by the addition of irradiated +/nu (but not nu/nu) responder cells to the cultures. When normal (non-nude) spleen cells were used as responders, induction of AK did not require the presence of T cells in the stimulator population, whereas the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells from stimulators abrogated the response. Taken together, the results suggest that AK represents activation, blast transformation, and surface marker modulation of NK cells induced by alloantigen-stimulated T cells, resulting in Thy-1(+) cytolytic cells with similar properties to those described for NK lines, Although AK cells may be regarded as a more T cell-like NK phenotype, their induction is neither necessary, nor sufficient for generation of specific CTL in MLC.
What makes spatial prisioner's dilemma game sensitive to asynchronism?

We investigate aspects that control the Spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma game sensitivity to the synchrony rate of the model. Based on simulations done with the generalized proportional and the replicator dynamics transition rules, we conclude that the sensitivity of the game to the synchrony rate depends almost exclusively on the transition rule used to model the strategy update by the agents. We then identify the features of these transition rules that are responsible for the sensitivity of the game. The results show that the Spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma game becomes more and more sensitive for noise levels above a given noise threshold. Below this threshold, the game is robust to the noise level and its robustness even slightly grows, compared to the imitate the best strategy, if a small amount of noise is present in the strategy update process.
Nitrogen, sulphur and carbon uptake from some nitrogenous fertilizers using 15N, 35S and 13C as tracers

1. Pot culture experiments are described comparing the recovery of nitrogen, and sulphur by the difference and ‘labelled atom’ methods and the recovery of carbon by the latter method. Italian ryegrass was used as the test crop with ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate and urea as the fertilizers. 2. The recovery of fertilizer nitrogen was less using the ‘labelled atom’ technique than the conventional difference method. 3. The recovery of sulphur from ammonium sulphate ‘labelled’ with 35S was measured. It was considerably less than the nitrogen, but not inconsiderable especially as a basal dressing of ‘unlabelled’ K2SO4 was applied. 4. Using urea ‘labelled’ with 13C there was no evidence that any of the carbon was in the ryegrass four weeks after application.