Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FT-IR and Raman vibrational microspectroscopies used for spectral biodiagnosis of human tissues

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman vibrational microspectroscopies used for biomedical diagnosis of human tissues are reviewed from basic principle to biological applications. The advantages and disadvantages of both vibrational microspectroscopies are compared to highlight their efficiency and adaptability for noninvasively investigating the chemical compositions of ultrastructual human tissues at different disease states. Biochemical fingerprints applied to the biological samples by using FT-IR and Raman microspectroscopies are illustrated. The spectral biodiagnoses of several diseased human tissues such as ophthalmic disorders (risk factors-induced cataractous lens capsules and lens, lens and corneal calcifications, opacification and contamination of intraocular lens, vitreous asteroid bodies), alcohol-disordered human gastric mucosa, skin disorders (cancer and calcification), brain tumors (pituitary adenomas and astrocytomas), genetic hair roots disorder (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and interstitial cystitis investigated by both vibrational microspectroscopies in our laboratory are introduced.
MEIOTIC CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALIES RESULTING FROM FUNGAL INFECTION OF MAIZE COMPARED WITH THOSE RESULTING FROM GAMMA IRRADIATION

Meiotic chromosomal anomalies resulting from fungal infection with Fusarium verticillioides on some maize hybrids in Egypt were studied compared with those resulting from gamma irradiation. Fungal infection and gamma irradiation treatments elicited similar types of chromosomal anomalies. The percentage of these chromosomal anomalies types differed between treatments. The results illustrated that the differences among all doses of radiation as well as between infection and uninfection treatments were more clearly in case of stickiness % and unorientation % at metaphasic stages, respectively. The results also indicated that the percentage of total abnormal meiotic cells (T. Ab.%) was increased as the doses of gamma-irradiation increased. Similarly, most of the mean values of T. Ab. % in case of infection were highest than their corresponding of uninfection. On the other hand, the results indicated diminishing the effect of infection with the exposure to radiation. In the same times, the results indicated that the infection treatments induced highly increases in multipolarity and bridges in case of non-irradiated plants compared with those resulting in case of irradiated plants. Generally, the results indicated that the fungal infection caused a significant increase in meiotic chromosomal anomalies percentage and significant decreased in pollen viability percentage. This effect of infection treatment were lowest than that the effect of irradiation treatment.
Characteristics of the specific surface area of Vertisols from the Gezira Region in Sudan

Inthis work the investigations of water vapour adsorption and calculation the specific surface area of soil samples of Sudanese Vertisols in North (NG), Central (CG) and South (SG) Gezira are presented. The Brunauer-Emmet and Teller (BET) equation was used to analyze experimental adsorption data of water vapour and to calculate the specific surface area (SBET) from both the adsorption and the desorption branches of the adsorption isotherm. The values of the SBET estimated from the adsorption isotherms ranged from 106 to 120, from 141 to 155 and from 165 to 187 m 2 g -1 for the soil from North, Central and South Gezira, respectively. If the desorption isotherms were used, the ranges of SBET were 117-140, 158-183 and 179-206 m 2 g -1 , respectively. Linear regression plot for the electric conductivity (EC), soluble Na + ions and the difference S=S(des)-S(ads) was found. The specific surface area slightly increased with the depth of the soil profile. The specific surface area of Vertisols from Sudan increa- sed from the north to the south and was related to the water regime and the intensity of cracking. The correlation between selected chemical and physical characteristics of soils and the values of the specific surface area was found.
Study of the Viscoelastic Properties of Tetilla Cheese

The viscoelastic properties of ten specimens of soft-paste cheese manufactured in accordance with ``Tetilla cheese'' designation of origin were studied. Their viscoelastic behavior was examined as a function of temperature and time by dynamic (oscillation) tests; static (creep and recovery) tests were also carried out. The fundamental tests used allowed each individual cheese sample to be discriminated in terms of the characteristic firmness of the viscoelastic gel; thus, the lower the shear creep compliance the more elastic the cheese, and the denser and more extensive its micellar network were. Higher temperatures favored elasticity over viscosity in the protein gel, which also occurred in the case of some samples that were subjected to controlled cooling. Se han estudiado las propiedades viscoelásticas de 10 muestras de queso con denominación de origen ``Queso Tetilla'' procedentes de distintas empresas. El comportamiento viscoelástico se analizó en función de la temperatura y del tiempo mediante ensayos dinàmicos (oscilatorios) y ensayos estáticos (de carga y recuperación). Estos análisis permitieron discriminar cada muestra en función de la firmeza característica del gel viscoelástico, de forma que al disminiur la capacitancia del esfuerzo de carga, más elástica era la muestra y más densa y extendida era su red micelar. Las temperaturas más altas favorecieron la elasticidad frente a la viscosidad en el gel de proteínas. Esto ocurrió tambie'n en las muestras que se sometieron a un enfriamiento cotrolado.
Vacancy‐Ordered Superstructures in Cu2Se

The superionic Cu2Se is studied by means of electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy. It is found that in β-Cu2Se (room temperature phase), the ordering of Cu-atoms and vacancies, in the predominantly observed phase, occurs between eight Se layers. The superstructure is the result of the stacking of four double layer monoclinic blocks (existing in three types) along the [111]c direction. Evidence is found for the existence of a phase with ordering between four Se layers, as well for an incommensurate one. There are also strong indications that phases presenting an ordering of copper vacancies exist, leading to overall compositions Cu2−xSe. Heating above 140 °C, the f.c. c. -α-Cu2Se is obtained and after cooling down to liquid nitrogen temperature, the presence of a new phase (γ-Cu2Se) is detected. Der Superionenleiter Cu2Se wird mittels Elektronenbeugung und hochauflosender Elektronenmikro-skopie untersucht. Es wird gefunden, das in β-Cu2Se (Raumtemperaturphase) die Ordnung der Cu-Atome und Leerstellen in der vorwiegend beobachteten Phase zwischen acht Selenschichten auftritt. Die Superstruktur ist das Ergebnis der Stapelung von vier monoklinen Doppelschichtblocken (die in drei Typen existieren) in [111]c-Richtung. Hinweise auf die Existenz einer Phase mit Ordnung zwischen vier Se-Schichten sowie fur eine inkommensurable Phase werden gefunden. Es gibt auch starke Anzeichen, das Phasen existieren, die eine Ordnung von Kupferleerstellen zeigen und zu einer Gesamtzusammensetzung Cu2−xSe fuhren. Bei Aufheizen uber 140 °C wird k.f. z. -α-Cu2Se erhalten und nach Abkuhlung bis zur Temperatur des flussigen Stickstoffs wird eine neue Phase (γ-Cu2Se) nachgewiesen.
Destinezite (“Diadochite”), Fe2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)−6H2O: Its Crystal Structure and Role as a Soil Mineral at Alum Cave Bluff, Tennessee

A new occurrence of destinezite (diadochite), ideally Fe2(PO4)(SO4)(OH)-6H2O, is described from Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, where it occurs in soil and in a weathered Precambrian phyllite in unusually large crystals associated with other hydrated sulfates such as pickeringite-apjohnite. Destinezite is triclinic, P1̄, with a = 9.570(1), b = 9.716(1), c = 7.313(1) Å, α = 98.74(1)°, β = 107.90(1)°, γ = 63.86(1)° and Z = 2. Its crystal structure consists of infinite chains of Fe(O,OH,H2O)6 octahedra, sulfate tetrahedra and phosphate tetrahedra linked by a unique system of vertex sharing. The chains are weakly bonded into slabs by hydrogen bonding between OH and H2O of the Fe(III) octahedra and oxygen ions of the sulfate tetrahedra. Slabs of tetrahedral/octahedral chains alternate with sheets of H2O molecules. The structure thus somewhat resembles hydrated clay minerals, with H2O molecules that act as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors to oxygen atoms of adjacent slabs. Destinezite and diadochite occur at numerous localities worldwide and have been assumed to be identical, but this identity has never been proven. It is proposed that the name “destinezite” be applied to visibly crystalline, triclinic Fe2(PO4)(SO4)(OH). 6H2O and “diadochite” to massive to earthy, poorly ordered, X-ray amorphous materials that approximate destinezite in composition. Diadochite/destinezite may be an unrecognized component of soils where weathering of pyrite and apatite has occurred and pH is low. It may thus be a significant sink for phosphorus and sulfur in such soils.
An improved H3 potential energy surface

We report ab initio calculations of the ground state energy for 404 new conformations of H3, supplementing the set of 368 conformations reported previously by others. The entire dataset has been used to constrain an analytical functional form for the potential energy surface, building on that of Truhlar and Horowitz. The new surface extends the Truhlar and Horowitz surface to higher energies and offers some modest improvement at lower energies. In addition, we have eliminated a problem with derivatives of the London equation that was pointed out by Johnson. The new surface matches the 772 ab initio energies with an overall root‐mean‐square (rms) error of 0.25 mhartree (i.e., 0.16 kcal/mol) and a maximum absolute deviation of 1.93 mhartree (1.21 kcal/mol); for ‘‘noncompact’’ conformations (no interatomic distance smaller than 1.15 bohr), the rms error is 0.17 mhartree (0.11 kcal/mol) and the maximum absolute deviation is 1.10 mhartree (0.69 kcal/mol). The classical barrier height for H+H2→H2+H is estimated.
Vibrational Dynamics of Histamine Monocation in Solution: an Experimental (FT-IR, FT-Raman) and Theoretical (SCRF-DFT) Study

spectra of histamine monocation in solution, based on the isotopic shifts and a previous vibrational study in solid state. Force field and normal coordinate calculations were computed to support these assignments. The ab initio force constants were transformed into a set of locally symmetrized internal coordinates and subsequently scaled to the experimental frequencies by using one specific and two generic scaling factors. The comparison in terms of vibrational frequencies and normal coordinate descriptions supported most of the proposed assignments. The theoretical infrared spectra for the two isotopomers on the basis of the ab initio intensities also showed a good correlation with the experimental spectra. These results evidence that solute solvent interactions must be explicitily taken into account in order to understand the vibrational behavior of polar species in solution; in addition, the use of multipolar expansions for the electrostatic potential together with a cavity adapted to the molecular shape improves significantly the performance of the solvation model.
Dietary absorption efficiencies and toxicokinetics of polychlorinated biphenyls in ring doves following exposure to aroclor® mixtures

Ring doves (Streptotpelia risoria) were fed a meal of pellets spiked with an Aroclor® mixture. Feces were collected from birds after fasting 31 h postexposure and dietary absorption efficiencies (AbE) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined by mass balance. Polychlorinated biphenyl AbEs ranged from 0.86 to 0.97 for individual congeners and were similar to the lipid AbE of 0.90. The AbEs exhibited a declining trend with increasing chemical hydrophobicity. The toxicokinetics of PCBs and dietary lipids in blood plasma were also followed in the exposed birds for 25 h after feeding the contaminated meal. Despite decreasing trends in net AbEs with increasing chemical hydrophobicity, all PCBs exhibited similar blood toxicokinetics as observed for dietary lipids. The PCB plasma uptake rate constants exhibited a positive correlation with chemical hydrophobicity such that the most hydrophobic congener PCB 180 approached the plasma uptake rate constant measured for dietary lipids. Trends in assimilation kinetics of PCBs in blood were not consistent with the general prediction that solubility limitations of chemicals in the unstirred water layer (UWL) contribute to declines in net AbEs for highly hydrophobic chemicals. The data are consistent with a micelle‐mediated diffusion model, which indicates that dietary lipids and hydrophobic contaminants can cross the UWL and enter intestinal tissues at equivalent rates; however, solubility limitations of highly hydrophobic chemicals in mixed micelles may contribute to decline in net AbEs.
The Masking Effect of Sucrose on Perception of Bitter Compounds in Brassica Vegetables

This study offers insight into how taste qualities interact in food. The influence of sucrose on the perceived bitter taste of sinigrin and goitrin (compounds naturally present in cabbage) was studied. A sensory panel evaluated the tastes of sucrose; the bitter compounds goitrin, sinigrin and quinine; and binary mixtures where each bitter compound was mixed with sucrose. The compounds were dispersed in water and in food model system consisting of white cabbage juice. The results were compared with those from sensory evaluation and chemical analysis of five white cabbage cultivars. Results showed that taste interactions occurred, and results from the liquid samples showed that sucrose had a masking effect on the bitter taste of sinigrin, goitrin and quinine. The perception of sweet taste depended on concentration and media. Examination of raw cabbage showed that bitterness correlated strongly with the total glucosinolate content, whereas sweetness correlated strongly with sucrose content. Practical Applications The bitter taste of Brassica vegetables is a sensory restraint for vegetable acceptance. However, reducing the content of bitter-tasting glucosinolates (GLSs) in these vegetables is not the optimal solution as several studies demonstrate health beneficial effects associated with intake of GLSs. The sweet taste is a positive predictor for acceptance, and sugar is central for its ability to mask a taste perceived as bitter. This study provides a new approach for studying interactions between the perceived sweet and bitter taste of Brassica vegetables using three progressively more complex matrices. It is part of a larger study addressing sensory aspects of food choice with focus on bitter-tasting vegetables, and in line with this knowledge about interaction effects between bitter and sweet-tasting compounds naturally present in vegetables is crucial. Knowledge that might lead the way to maintain the vegetable's health benefits while also improving consumer acceptance and potentially increasing the intake.
Decomposition in Soil of Waste Cooking Oils Used in Potato Processing

Cooking oils used in potato processing are sometimes wasted in small quantities into the effluent that goes to land disposal. To determine the effect of this oil on land, palm and soybean oils were added to Portneuf silt loam at rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 g oil in 100 g soil (2.2, 11.2, 22.4, and 112 metric tons/ha, respectively). Nitrogen was added and the mixtures were incubated at constant temperature in a CO? -free continuously flowing air stream. Evolved CO? was scrubbed from the air stream and decomposition calculated. Both oils decomposed at the same rate at each application rate. Maximum weekly decomposition was approximately 8 and 2.5 metric tons/ha for the 112 and 11.2 metric ton-applications, respectively. There was no evidence for toxicity to the decomposition systems with the high application of oil and no evidence that difficulty would develop with land disposal of wastes containing these edible cooking oils.
Effects of some additives on the water requirement of calcined gypsum

A study was made of the effects of some additives of different types on the water requirement of samples of calcined gypsum prepared in different ways. Accelerating salts and variations in the pH had little effect on the water requirement but some inhibitors of the set and surface-active materials produced appreciable changes. The samples of calcined gypsum studied varied amongst themselves in their response to the action of additives. The effects of additives are of interest as they act only by modifying the surface condition of the grains of calcium sulphate hemihydrate, and the theory of this is discussed.
Syntheses and crystal structures of cis - and trans -copper(II) complexes of L-arginine

Two copper(II) complexes of L-arginine, trans-[Cu(l-Arg)2(NO3)]NO3 · 3H2O (1) and {cis-[Cu(l-Arg)2](NO3)2 · 3H2O} n (2) (Arg = arginine) were prepared by reaction of Cu(NO3)2 · 3H2O and L-arginine in acetone and aqueous solution, respectively. X-ray analysis reveals 1 crystallizes in a monoclinic system, P21 with a = 10.3857(15), b = 16.885(3), c = 15.9586(19) Å, β = 15.9586(19)°, Z = 4, V = 2654.2(6) Å3. The copper(II) centers lie in a distorted N2O3 square-pyramidal environment. While 1 adopts a mononuclear structure, and the axial position occupied by a nitrate with Cu1–O9 = 2.535 Å and Cu2–O20 = 2.581 Å, 2 features a 1-D infinite chain structure. In 1, adjacent monomeric units connect with each other to give a 2-D layer structure of (4, 4) nets through hydrogen bonds between the guanidinium and carboxylic groups of arginine, and 2-D layers further assemble to a 3-D supermolecular structure via a series of inter-layer hydrogen bonds.
Antibacterial Activity of Two Algerians Propolis

Despite the availability of different approaches for the discovery of new therapeutically agents, natural products still remain as one of the best reservoirs of new structural types. Due to the notable medicinal value of bee glue, it was very interest to carry out a phytochemical investigation of this natural product. In our present study we report the result of our qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites extracted from algerian propolis. Ethanolic extracts of propolis were prepared for chemical analysis. For antibacterial assays, agar diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against several species. We found that algerian propolis is very rich in flavonoids. Our propolis showed remarkable inhibitory effect on bacterial growth.
Stepwise Gradient Elution in RP HPTLC with a New Horizontal Developing Chamber

A general equation for determination of relative position, Rpg, of solutes chromatographed under conditions of stepwise gradient elution with one void volume of mobile phase in reverse-phase thinlayer chromatography has been applied to separation of ten component dye mixture. A satisfactory agreement between calculated (by computer program) and experimental values of Rpg has been demonstrated. A device with the new horizontal developing chamber has been applied to the investigations. This device showed practical advantages in comparison to other chambers especially in respect of its application to stepwise gradient elution.
High-temperature electrical conduction of plasma-treated FEP films

Ar plasma treatment effect on the electrical conduction of FEP was examined at high temperatures. Conduction current in the treated FEP was much larger than that in the untreated FEP at high temperatures. The authors proposed a model to explain the observed high conductivity of the plasma-treated FER In this model, charge carrier generation centers are produced by the plasma treatment and these centers are thermally dissociated to positive mobile ions with an activation energy of 0.7 eV. These positive charge carriers are responsible for the high conductivity in the plasma-treated FEP at high temperatures.
Volatile Components of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Grown in Cuba

Abstract Volatile components of tamarind fruits grown in Cuba were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation/solvent extraction. The fruit pulp had approximately 3 mg/kg of total volatile compounds. Eighty-one constituents were identified, from which 2-phenylacetaldehyde, 2-furfural and hexadecanoic acid were the major compounds.
Hollow-Fiber Membrane Extraction of Copper from Aqueous Nitrate Media by LIX® Reagents: Comparison of Extraction Efficiency and Fractional Resistances

Abstract Extraction of copper from nitrate/nitric acid aqueous solutions was studied using a HF Membrane Module and four LIX reagents (LIX® 860N-I, LIX® 984N, LIX® 84-I, and LIX® 65N) containing different active compounds (ketoximes and/or salicylaldoximes). Kinetic experiments varying the flow rates of both phases, aqueous and organic, and the extractant concentration were carried out to compare the extraction rate and efficiency from nitrate-aqueous media. A mathematical model based on the “aqueous extraction mechanism” in which the chemical reaction takes place in an aqueous-reaction zone was applied to determine the individual resistances of the copper mass-transfer process. It was found that the fractional resistance due to chemical reaction in the aqueous reaction zone, which varied from 92.5% to 95.8% in the order LIX® 860N-I < LIX® 984N < LIX® 84-I < LIX® 65N, controlled the total rate of the hollow-fiber copper extraction from nitrate aqueous media.
Anti diabetic activity of methanol/methylene chloride extract of Terminalia superba leaves on streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats.

Aim of the present work is to evaluate the anti diabetic effect of methanol/methylene chloride extract of Terminalia superba leaves in rats. Terminalia superba (Combretaceae) is one of the plants used by traditional healers as a remedy for diabetes mellitus. It is widely distributed in the dense humid forests. Effect of various doses (200, 400 mg/kg p.o) extract was studied on streptozotocin induced both diabetic and non diabetic rats. After 2 weeks of the administration of plant extract the normalisation of fasting blood glucose levels, reduction in polyphagia and polydipsia and weight gain by diabetic-treated rats has been observed. The reduction in the glucose level in induced diabetic rats proved that Terminalia superba having the wide antidiabetic activity.
Clearcut harvesting effects on soil and creek inorganic nitrogen in high elevation forests of southern interior British Columbia

Responses of both soil and stream inorganic nitrogen (N) after operational clearcut harvesting were explored in two high elevation British Columbia Engelmann spruce-Subalpine fir (ESSF) forests. At one study site, net N mineralization was measured between 1 and 11 yr after harvest. At a second site, for 3 yr after harvesting, available soil ammonium and nitrate were measured using ion exchange resins, and drainage losses of N were estimated using tension lysimeters and soil water balance models. Stream water N concentrations were also measured in one unlogged, and two logged watersheds at the second study area for 12 yr, both pre- and post-clearcut harvesting. Growing season as well as over-winter increases in post-harvest soil nitrate were detected after 3 yr, and the increases were apparent for up to 11 yr. Seasonal losses of N in drainage were greater in clearcut soils than in the forest soils in year 2 for ammonium and in years 2 and 3 for nitrate. A high proportion of the N was lost in drainage durin.