Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An application study-subjective cognitive decline Questionnaire9 in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

Abstract Objective: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) complaints as the early manifestation of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be harbingers of objective cognitive decline. SCD-questinnaire9 (SCD-Q9) is developed to investigate the early sign for MCI. However, few studies have reported its power for discriminating MCI from healthy controls (HCs). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the discrimination power of SCD-Q9 as a brief screening tool for early detection of SCD in MCI. Methods: 84 HCs and 205 people with MCI were recruited. Their demographic information and scores of SCD-Q9 were compared. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the potential affecting factors of MCI, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was applied to test the discrimination powers of those factors, including SCD-Q9. Results: (1) Single and total scores of SCD-Q9 were all lower in the MCI group than those in the HC group. (2) Ageing, lower education and higher total scores of SCD-Q9 were associated with MCI. (3) Area Under the Curves (AUC) of SCD-Q9 for discriminating MCI from HC group was 0.815 and when integrating age and education, the AUC improved slightly and reached 0.839. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity were 68.8% and 85.7%, respectively when a cut-off value of 3 was applied. Conclusions: SCD-Q9 may be able to detect the subjective cognitive decline in MCI early, but it may be used together with other screening questionnaires to improve its sensitivity and further verification of its power is needed.
Bridging the transition from homelessness: Developing an occupational therapy framework

Abstract Background Occupational therapists support individuals experiencing homelessness in traditional roles, and occupational therapy positions focussed specifically on homelessness appear to be growing. Objectives To develop and refine a framework to guide occupational therapy practice and research in homelessness. Method We developed a framework and refined it through a stakeholder consultation process conducted with 17 international occupational therapy experts using an online survey. In this survey, we presented an initial framework and requested qualitative feedback. We analyzed this qualitative data using content analysis. Results Stakeholder feedback was categorized into eight recommendations: (1) Revision to the ‘four processes’; (2) Emphasizing social justice and systems-level advocacy; (3) Reflecting intersectionality; (4) Emphasizing meaningful activity; (5) Emphasizing peer support; (6) Incorporating a focus on independent living skills; (7) Increasing a focus on an activity for addressing substance misuse; and (8) Acknowledging cognitive and physical health. Each of these recommendations was incorporated into a refined version of this framework. These recommendations and a refined version of the framework are presented in this paper. Conclusions We have developed and refined a framework aimed at guiding practice and research in occupational therapy in homelessness that will be evaluated in future research. Significance Though a range of frameworks exists for guiding the practice of occupational therapists more generally, this framework represents the first that is focussed specifically on guiding occupational therapy practice and research with individuals who experience homelessness. Research and practice implications are discussed.
A primary thymic adenocarcinoma with two components that traced distinct evolutionary trajectories

Even though it is a rare subtype, identifying the genetic features of thymic adenocarcinoma is valuable for a multifaceted understanding of thymic epithelial tumors. We experienced a female patient with thymic adenocarcinoma associated with thymic cysts. The tumor consisted of a solid whitish lesion (lesion‐1) and a large cystic lesion with small papillary nodules (lesion‐2). Microscopically, lesion‐1 exhibited poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma accompanying numerous inflammatory cell infiltrates, and lesion‐2 (the nodules within the cystic lesion) exhibited enteric‐type adenocarcinoma. Consistent with the histological difference, whole‐exome sequencing revealed that these two components exhibited distinct genetic features, except for only a few shared mutations, including CDKN2A truncation. Lesion‐1 exhibited microsatellite instability‐high signature with high mutation burden, for which immune checkpoint inhibitors might apply; and lesion‐2 exhibited whole‐genome doubling with KRAS hotspot mutation. Our case presents novel genetic features of thymic adenocarcinoma and demonstrates that distinct mutational processes can be operative within a single tumor.
Municipalities’ organisational capacity to support the implementation of the Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan in Burkina Faso

ABSTRACT The Government of Burkina Faso committed to the multi-sector approach on nutrition in 2014 and has conducted the development of a Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan 2020–2024. This study aims to understand and analyse the Nutrition organizational capacities at the municipal level to support the scaling up of interventions within the National Multi-Sector Nutrition Plan. A qualitative study was conducted at the end of 2017, based on the framework for nutrition capacity developed by the United Nations Network Secretariat in collaboration with five funding agencies, to assess the organizational capacity dimension. Data collection consisted of focus groups and information collection through workshops with key informants. In total, 22 rural municipalities were targeted and 152 key informants were involved, including mayors, municipal councillors, members of the village development committee, and local technical agents in charge of agriculture, livestock and health. The gaps identified were poor integration of nutrition into local development strategic plans, less evolved coordination on nutrition, weak development of nutrition community approaches and dependence on the state budget matched to a non-existent budget monitoring system. The findings showed an unequal distribution and limited number of technical agents to cover villages within a given municipality, inadequate skills to support services expansions such as water and sanitation, health, agriculture and livestock. In addition, no reference was made to monitoring and evaluation, accountability or sharing information. The main capacity needs on nutrition are the transfer of technical competencies from the regional to the municipal level, the strengthening of technical skills on nutrition, and the setting up of an integrated data collection system involving key players. The identification of needs and opportunities and the newly finalized guide on nutrition integration into local development plans and strategies are useful to drive change for multisectoral implementation.
Associations between coping strategies and insomnia: a longitudinal study of Japanese workers

Abstract Study Objectives Coping with stress is important because stress disturbs sleep. However, only a few longitudinal studies have investigated the association between coping and insomnia. We examined whether individuals with insomnia symptoms used more maladaptive coping strategies than individuals without insomnia symptoms, and evaluated the association between insomnia symptoms and coping strategies. Methods In this prospective cohort study, Japanese workers were enrolled and observed over a 2-year period. During both years, self-administered questionnaires on coping and insomnia symptoms were administered. Coping was assessed using the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, and insomnia symptoms were examined using the Athens Insomnia Scale. Generalized estimating equation modeling identified the effects of coping strategies on insomnia severity. Results In total, 1358 of 1855 workers at baseline were followed up. Individuals with insomnia symptoms showed a higher use of maladaptive coping strategies and less use of humor and instrumental support than individuals without insomnia symptoms. Active coping, humor, emotional support, and instrumental support were negatively associated with insomnia severity. In contrast, venting, substance use, behavioral disengagement, and self-blame were positively associated with insomnia severity. Conclusions This study showed that individuals with insomnia symptoms use both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies and are more likely to use maladaptive strategies than individuals without insomnia symptoms. In the future, interventions focused on educating people about adaptive coping strategies should be conducted to determine whether coping strategies may prevent insomnia symptoms.
O balanço hídrico pós-extubação se associa com falha da extubação: um estudo de coorte

Objetivo Avaliar se há associação entre o balanço hídrico nas 48 horas após a extubação e a falha da extubação. Métodos Este é um estudo de coorte prospectiva que incluiu os pacientes admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil entre março e dezembro de 2019. Incluíram-se os pacientes que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica por pelo menos 24 horas e foram extubados durante o período do estudo. O desfecho primário foi falha da extubação, considerada como necessidade de reintubar dentro das primeiras 72 horas após a extubação. O desfecho secundário foi um desfecho combinado de falha da extubação ou necessidade de ventilação não invasiva terapêutica. Resultados Foram incluídos 101 pacientes. Observou-se falha da extubação em 29 (28,7%) deles. Na análise univariada, pacientes com balanço hídrico negativo acima de 1L no período de 48 horas após a extubação tiveram menor taxa de falha da extubação (12,0%), em comparação a pacientes com balanço hídrico negativo nas 48 horas após a extubação menor que 1L (34,2%; p = 0,033). A duração da ventilação mecânica e o balanço hídrico negativo nas 48 horas após a extubação inferior a 1L se associaram com falha da extubação na análise multivariada quando corrigido pelo Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3. Quando avaliou-se o desfecho combinado, apenas o balanço hídrico nas 48 horas pós-extubação inferior a 1L manteve associação, quando corrigido pelo Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 e duração da ventilação mecânica. Conclusão O balanço hídrico nas 48 horas após a extubação se associa com falha da extubação. São necessários mais estudos para avaliar se evitar um balanço hídrico positivo nesse período poderia melhorar os desfechos do desmame.
Integration of genetic colocalizations with physiological and pharmacological perturbations identifies cardiometabolic disease genes

Background Identification of causal genes for polygenic human diseases has been extremely challenging, and our understanding of how physiological and pharmacological stimuli modulate genetic risk at disease-associated loci is limited. Specifically, insulin resistance (IR), a common feature of cardiometabolic disease, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, lacks well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and therefore, few associated loci and causal genes have been identified. Methods Here, we perform and integrate linkage disequilibrium (LD)-adjusted colocalization analyses across nine cardiometabolic traits (fasting insulin, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, insulin sensitivity index, type 2 diabetes, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio) combined with expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (eQTLs and sQTLs) from five metabolically relevant human tissues (subcutaneous and visceral adipose, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas). To elucidate the upstream regulators and functional mechanisms for these genes, we integrate their transcriptional responses to 21 relevant physiological and pharmacological perturbations in human adipocytes, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells and map their protein-protein interactions. Results We identify 470 colocalized loci and prioritize 207 loci with a single colocalized gene. Patterns of shared colocalizations across traits and tissues highlight different potential roles for colocalized genes in cardiometabolic disease and distinguish several genes involved in pancreatic β-cell function from others with a more direct role in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues. At the loci with a single colocalized gene, 42 of these genes were regulated by insulin and 35 by glucose in perturbation experiments, including 17 regulated by both. Other metabolic perturbations regulated the expression of 30 more genes not regulated by glucose or insulin, pointing to other potential upstream regulators of candidate causal genes. Conclusions Our use of transcriptional responses under metabolic perturbations to contextualize genetic associations from our custom colocalization approach provides a list of likely causal genes and their upstream regulators in the context of IR-associated cardiometabolic risk.
An Accurate and Explainable Deep Learning System Improves Interobserver Agreement in the Interpretation of Chest Radiograph

Interpretation of chest radiographs (CXR) is a difficult but essential task for detecting thoracic abnormalities. Recent artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have achieved radiologist-level performance on various medical classification tasks. However, only a few studies addressed the localization of abnormal findings from CXR scans, which is essential in explaining the image-level classification to radiologists. Additionally, the actual impact of AI algorithms on the diagnostic performance of radiologists in clinical practice remains relatively unclear. To bridge these gaps, we developed an explainable deep learning system called VinDr-CXR that can classify a CXR scan into multiple thoracic diseases and, at the same time, localize most types of critical findings on the image. VinDr-CXR was trained on 51,485 CXR scans with radiologist-provided bounding box annotations. It demonstrated a comparable performance to experienced radiologists in classifying 6 common thoracic diseases on a retrospective validation set of 3,000 CXR scans, with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.967 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.958–0.975). The VinDr-CXR was also externally validated in independent patient cohorts and showed its robustness. For the localization task with 14 types of lesions, our free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis showed that the VinDr-CXR achieved a sensitivity of 80.2% at the rate of 1.0 false-positive lesion identified per scan. A prospective study was also conducted to measure the clinical impact of the VinDr-CXR in assisting six experienced radiologists. The results indicated that the proposed system, when used as a diagnosis supporting tool, significantly improved the agreement between radiologists themselves with an increase of 1.5% in mean Fleiss’ Kappa. We also observed that, after the radiologists consulted VinDr-CXR’s suggestions, the agreement between each of them and the system was remarkably increased by 3.3% in mean Cohen’s Kappa. Altogether, our results highlight the potentials of the proposed deep learning system as an effective assistant to radiologists in clinical practice. Part of the dataset used for developing the VinDr-CXR system has been made publicly available at https://physionet.org/content/vindr-cxr/1.0. 0/.
Bryophytes of El Malpais National Monument

Abstract. The bryophytes of El Malpais National Monument in west-central New Mexico were collected and inventoried. The study area is dominated by lava flows and tubes some of which form ice caves and fascinating moss gardens. These gardens contain disjunct bryophyte populations enabled by ice and cool year-round temperatures at cave entrances. A total of 110 bryophyte species were found including 95 moss species in 23 families, and 15 liverwort species in 10 families. Six of these bryophyte species are new state records for New Mexico. No hornworts were found. We review past work on bryophytes in this unique habitat, and present a short biography of Alton A. Lindsey. This is a fragile habitat and global warming may put it at risk.
CDFFNet: cross dimensional feature fusion network for urban land use detection

Abstract. The detection of urban land use is of great significance to urban planning. With the development of deep learning technology, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used in remote sensing image processing. However, existing CNN models lack the ability to fuse high-dimensional semantic information and low-dimensional position information of images and thus perform poorly in feature restoration. To obtain better urban land use detection results, the cross-dimensional feature fusion network (CDFFNet) is proposed in this work. In the CDFFNet, Class Feature Attention (CFA), cross-level feature fusion (CLFF), and Same Level Feature Gate Fusion (SLFGF) are designed. The CFA aggregates multi-scale and multi-receptive field input features to capture high-dimensional semantic information. The CLFF is designed to fuse features of different resolutions. It can extract and fuse semantic information of different dimensions, aggregate contextual information of features and distinguish the contextual relevance of each pixel. The SLFGF dynamically fuses high-dimensional semantic information and low-dimensional spatial information, so it could enhance information recovery of different categories. Compared with existing methods, the CDFFNet is significantly improved in accuracy. Its mean intersection over union on the Aerial Image Segmentation Dataset reaches 0.765.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyclic Analogues from Nitrone LQB-278: A New Potential Antileukemia Compound

Background/Aim: A new set of LQB-nitrones and analogues was synthesized to evaluate anticancer activity based on the substitution of the terpenyl moiety of the antileukemic compound LQB-278 by the conformationally restricted cinnamyl ether. Materials and Methods: A structure-activity relationship study was performed in vitro on Jurkat cells to screen the antileukemic activity of LQB-nitrones and analogues and elucidate the mechanisms of action of the most active derivatives. Results: The cynamyl ramification and its ortho position aldehyde substitution improved the antileukemic activity. Three compounds showed an in vitro antiproliferative action, but only 5b induced apoptosis. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms showed increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21CIP1/WAF1/Sdi1, caspase 3, Fas receptor, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusion: The cinnamyl derivative 5b (LQB-461) presented higher antileukemic effects than the prototype terpenyl nitrone, inducing Jurkat cell death by activating both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Therefore, this compound is a new promising candidate drug against leukemia.
Inhibition of CYP27B1 and CYP24 Increases the Anti-proliferative Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 in LNCaP Cells

Background/Aim: Growing evidence suggests that vitamin D3 exerts anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) as a potential endocrine factor regulating proliferation and vitamin D receptor expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Cell counting after treatment was utilized to assess the effect of 25(OH)D3 on cell proliferation. Changes in mRNA expression of the vitamin D receptors, VDR and PDIA3, were evaluated using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Results: 25(OH)D3 inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of 25(OH)D3 on cell proliferation was potentiated after inhibition of CYP17B1 and CYP24 by genistein, preventing further metabolism of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3). Expression of PDIA3 and VDR mRNA increased after treatment with 25(OH)D3, whereas the ratio between PDIA3 and VDR mRNA remained unchanged. Conclusion: 25(OH)D3 has a direct inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, which is enhanced and accelerated when the metabolism of 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 was inhibited by the CYP17B1 and CYP24 inhibitor genistein. Furthermore, treatment with 25(OH)D3 increased receptor transcript expression, suggesting an increased VDR stability and sensibility of the treated cells.
Myasthenia gravis in the canine patient

Abstract Myasthenia gravis is a relatively common neurological disease affecting the neuromuscular transmission in dogs. Patients with myasthenia gravis often develop secondary pathologies that hugely affect prognosis. Due to this, myasthenic patients require intensive supportive care. This article discusses the causes, diagnosis, treatment and nursing consideration of the myasthenic patient, in order to better patient outcomes.
User Response to Extended Reality Sponsorship Activations on Social Media: Exploring Impressions of GoPro’s Use of 360° Video in Marketing

Abstract This research explores user impressions of 360° video as a platform for sponsorship activation, seeking to examine consumers’ responses to 360° virtual environments as a form of extended reality (XR) marketing as well as the structural and experiential antecedents to XR’s potential as a vehicle for brand marketing and sponsorship activation. GoPro was selected as a case study for analysis; 25 brand posts on GoPro’s YouTube channel were identified featuring 360° video integration as sponsorship communications, for which all video metadata and user comments were collected using programming software R to access YouTube’s standard application programming interface (API). Coding of the user commentary data subsequently revealed four primary themes, indicative of users’ impressions of 360° video technology. Notably, the study’s findings suggest that effective 360° integrations—alongside positive user experiences and access to the technology—pose tangible benefits to consumers’ attitudes and experiences, and present sponsors with a viable media through which to activate partnerships.
Social Support and Social Opportunities as Predictors of Stress among Parents of Children with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities in Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT Background This study investigates the stress that parents can experience as a result of raising children with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities, in relation to various child and family characteristics and to families’ social opportunities and social support. Method A total of 225 parents of children with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities in Abu Dhabi Emirate completed a quantitative questionnaire. Results Parental stress was significantly correlated with children’s age and type of disability, with mothers’ age, fathers’ education, children’s place of residence, number of children with disabilities in the family, family monthly income, social opportunities and social support, but with none of the other characteristics examined. Conclusions Governmental and non-governmental organizations in the United Arab Emirates should take measures to improve the psychological well-being of parents of children with disabilities, a key intervention being the improvement of support services to such parents. Some cultural issues have been discussed.