Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accountability of State Islamic Religious College (SIRC) In South Sulawesi Indonesia

The research aims to examine the influence of spirituality, organizational culture, leadership, and local wisdom on the accountability of State Islamic Religious College (SIRC). Sample research by 84 respondents in accordance with purposive sampling derived from 4 SIRC in South Sulawesi, that is UIN Alauddin, IAIN Palopo, STAIN Parepare, and STAIN Watampone. Research Data form of total score is obtained by distributing a list of structured questions to respondents. Respondents responded that spirituality, organizational culture, local wisdom, leadership, and accountability became an important part of SIRC's management in South Sulawesi. Hypothesis testing using multiple regresion. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that the local spirituality and wisdom positively affected the significant of SIRC's accountability in South Sulawesi. However, the organizational culture and leadership has no significant effect on the accountability of SIRC in South Sulawesi. The sublime values of worship increased accountability, but the symbols (norms) of organization and leadership characters did not make the accountability of SIRC in South Sulawesi. Keywords— Accountability, Spirituality, Organizational Culture, Leadership, Local Wisdom.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An Ecological Study

Objectives: Considering the transmissible nature of COVID-19 it is important to explore the trend of the epidemiology of the disease in each country and act accordingly. This study aimed to examine the trend of COVID-19 epidemiology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in term of its incidence rate, recovery rate, and mortality rate. Material and Methods: We conducted an observational study using publicly available national data taken from the Saudi Ministry of Health for the period between 3 March and 7 June 2020. The number of newly confirmed cases, active cases, critical cases, percentage of cases stratified by age group [adults, children, and elderly] and gender were extracted from the reports of the Saudi Ministry of Health. Results: During the study period, the total number of confirmed cases with COVID-19 rose from one on 2 March 2020 to 101,914 on 7 June, representing an average of 1,039 new cases per day, [trend test, p < 0.000]. Despite the increase in the number of newly confirmed daily cases of COVID-19, the number of reported daily active cases started to stabilize after 2 months from the start of the pandemic in the country and the overall recovery rate was 71.4%. The mortality rate decreased by 6.4% during the study period. COVID-19 was more common among adults and males compared to other demographic groups. Conclusion: The epidemiological status of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showing promising improvement. Males and adults accounted for the majority of COVID-19 cases in the KSA. Further studies are recommended to be conducted at the patient level to identify other patient groups who are at higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19, and for whom the best pharmacological intervention could be provided.
Time-Series Analysis of the Causal Effects Among Perceived Quality, Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Frequency of Public Transportation Use

How to drive modal shift is one of the primary issues in creating a sustainable society. By encouraging people to migrate from private car use to public transport, city planners can prepare for a super-aged society, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigate negative externalities of private car use such as congestion, accidents, and noise. To achieve these goals, city planners are required to understand whether public transport usage can be increased by improving the service quality and what roles user satisfaction and loyalty play in the process. The relations between service quality, user satisfaction, loyalty, and user frequency have been studied for a long time. However, most of the studies are based on cross-sectional analysis. Cross-sectional analysis is less powerful in detecting causality as it does not show pre–post relations or lagged effects between variables. To investigate causal and non-simultaneous relations among quality, satisfaction, loyalty, and user frequency of public transport, we used data of the Benchmarking in European Service of Public Transport survey from 2001 to 2015 in four European cities, and applied vector auto regressive (VAR) analysis. The result shows that improvement of service quality has positive effects on user’s satisfaction, loyalty, and user frequency and that better satisfaction leads to higher loyalty and user frequency. More importantly, the result also shows that behavioral modification (change in user frequency) occurs with time lag while psychological modifications (changes in satisfaction and loyalty) occur immediately after changes in service quality. The findings suggest that city/transport planners ought to keep improving the service quality of public transport and monitoring the achievement from a long-term perspective.
Platelets and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world with much recent and ongoing research focused on the occurrence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) during the infection, which are associated with adverse short-term and long-term survival. Much of the research directed at unraveling the pathogenesis of these events has been undertaken in the settings of experimental and clinical CAP caused by the dangerous, bacterial respiratory pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), which remains the most common bacterial cause of CAP. Studies of this type have revealed that although platelets play an important role in host defense against infection, there is also increasing recognition that hyperactivation of these cells contributes to a pro-inflammatory, prothrombotic systemic milieu that contributes to the etiology of CVEs. In the case of the pneumococcus, platelet-driven myocardial damage and dysfunction is exacerbated by the direct cardiotoxic actions of pneumolysin, a major pore-forming toxin of this pathogen, which also acts as potent activator of platelets. This review is focused on the role of platelets in host defense against infection, including pneumococcal infection in particular, and reviews the current literature describing the potential mechanisms by which platelet activation contributes to cardiovascular complications in CAP. This is preceded by an evaluation of the burden of pneumococcal infection in CAP, the clinical features and putative pathogenic mechanisms of the CVE, and concludes with an evaluation of the potential utility of the anti-platelet activity of macrolides and various adjunctive therapies.
Exposure to Fungal Volatiles Can Influence Volatile Emissions From Other Ophiostomatoid Fungi

Fungal volatile organic compounds (FVOCs) can act as intra- and inter-kingdom communication signals that influence the growth and behaviors of organisms involved in antagonistic or mutualistic relationships with fungi. There is growing evidence suggesting that FVOCs can mediate interactions between organisms within and across different ecological niches. Bark beetles have established mutualistic relationships with ophiostomatoid fungi which can serve as a food source and condition host plant tissues for developing beetle larvae. While the profiles (both composition and concentrations) of volatile emission from ophiostomatoid fungi can be influenced by abiotic factors, whether emissions from a given fungal species can be influenced by those from another is still unknown. Here, we analyzed FVOCs emitted from the two ophiostomatoid fungi, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma ips, associated with mountain pine beetle and pine engraver beetle, respectively, when each fungus was growing alone or in a shared headspace. We used two isolates of each fungus species. Overall, we detected a total of eight volatiles in both G. clavigera alone or in combination with O. ips including acetoin, ethyl acetate, cis-grandisol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl acetate, and phenethyl alcohol. The profiles of volatiles emitted differed between the two fungal species but not between the two isolates of the same fungus. Six compounds were common between the species, whereas two compounds were detected only when G. clavigera was present. Moreover, the majority of volatiles were detected less frequently and at lower concentrations when the two fungi were grown together in a shared headspace. These results are likely due to reduced volatile emissions from O. ips in the presence of G. clavigera. However, changes in the profiles of fungal volatiles did not correspond with the observed changes in the growth of either species. Overall, these results suggest that the similarities in fungal volatiles among different species of fungi may reflect a common ecological niche and that the differences may correspond to species-specific adaptation to their respective host beetles or genetic factors.
Pharmacogenomics landscape of COVID-19 therapy response in Serbian population and comparison with worldwide populations

Background Since there are no certified therapeutics to treat COVID-19 patients, drug repurposing became important. With lack of time to test individual pharmacogenomics markers, population pharmacogenomics could be helpful in predicting a higher risk of developing adverse reactions and treatment failure in COVID-19 patients. Aim of our study was to identify pharmacogenes and pharmacogenomics markers associated with drugs recommended for COVID-19 treatment, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir and ritonavir, in population of Serbia and other world populations. Methods Genotype information of 143 individuals of Serbian origin was extracted from database previously obtained using TruSight One Gene Panel (Illumina). Genotype data of individuals from different world populations were extracted from the 1000 Genome Project. Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of allele frequencies. Results We have identified 11 potential pharmacogenomics markers in 7 pharmacogenes relevant for COVID-19 treatment. Based on high alternative allele frequencies in population and the functional effect of the variants, ABCB1 rs1045642 and rs2032582 could be relevant for reduced clearance of azithromycin, lopinavir and ritonavir drugs and UGT1A7 rs17868323 for hyperbilirubinemia in ritonavir treated COVID-19 patients in Serbian population. SLCO1B1 rs4149056 is a potential marker of lopinavir response, especially in Italian population. Our results confirmed that pharmacogenomics profile of African population is different from the rest of the world. Conclusions Considering population specific pharmacogenomics landscape, preemptive testing for pharmacogenes relevant for drugs used in COVID-19 treatment could contribute to better understanding of the inconsistency in therapy response and could be applied to improve the outcome of the COVID-19 patients.
The Relationship between Depression and Excessive Internet Use: Cross Sectional Study among Medical Students

Background: The correlation between internet addiction and depression has already been reported in several studies as a debatable issue. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between depression and internet addiction among medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 260 medical students across all curricular years were conveniently sampled from the population of 1309 were administered a closed-questioned questionnaire with demographic information and young’s internet addiction test and the use of Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 47.3% and showed preponderance in females and fresh year students while internet addiction did not show correlation with sex but correlated to curricular year. Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a significant correlation between depression and internet addiction both of which medical students are liable to, with both correlating to fresh year students and depression being more in females, it’s also important to screen people with internet addiction for depression.
Global Distribution of Marginal Accessory Cusps of the Maxillary Premolars

Despite marginal accessory cusps of the maxillary premolars comprising part of the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS; Turner et al., 1991), few data are available on their geographic distribution (Hanihara, 2008; Reyes-Centeno et al., 2017; Scott and Irish, 2017). This trait is characterized by additional cusps on either the mesial, distal, or both margins of the maxillary premolar apart from the primary buccal and lingual cusps. These are distinguished from the primary cusps by discrete parallel grooves (Figures 1 and 2). To be scored as a premolar accessory cusp, there has to be separating grooves (Turner et al., 1991). According to the ASUDAS, this trait is scored as present or absent (Turner et al., 1991). However, recent revisions to the ASUDAS published by Scott and Irish (2017) have amended scoring to specify where these cusps are located:
Effects of Aging Temperature, Time During Transition from Brittle to Ductile on Fracture Behavior of Zinc Coated AA7075

Received: 25 February 2020 Accepted: 10 April 2020 During coating, the post-baking phase of the coated material has shown maximum impact on the fracture toughness and the parameters during the coating process have shown their own influence during the heat-treating the materials. To know the effect of this, the experiments are done on the age hardened specimens. Age hardening of aluminum is carried out in the following ways; one by varying the temperature of aging and the other by varying the time of aging. The results found from both the experimental and the fractographic analysis have shown that, the variation in the fracture toughness of the materials is mainly due to the changes found in the grain structure of the materials. The results obtained during the experiments have shown that, the fracture behavior of the coated and heat-treated aluminum a material is changed significantly.
Improving Student Creative Thinking Ability With Problem Based Learning Approach Using Hawgent Dynamic Mathematics Software

Abstrak The main problem in this study is the lack of mathematical creative thinking abilities of elementary school students in Cimahi, Indonesia. This lack of mathematical creative thinking abilities is caused by an incorrect learning process. The teacher does not direct students to think creatively. In fact students still depend a lot on what is explained by the teacher in the class. The learning process with problem-based learning that is aided by hawgent dynamic mathematic software can direct students to think creatively. The population in this study were all elementary school students in Cimahi city. The samples were the students of elementary school Cimahi class 3A and 3B. The instrument in this study is descriptive test of students creative thinking abilities. This instrument was used to obtain data about students' creative thinking abilities with problem-based learning approach using hawgent dynamic mathematic software and by conventional learning. The data processed in this study was from the post-test score. These scores from both of the experimental class group and the control class group. Then, the data was processed by using SPSS 19.0 and Microsoft Excel. The data was analyzed using t-test statistic. The final result of this study concluded the achievement and improvement of creative thinking abilities of students whose learning problem-based approach using hawgent dynamic mathematic software.
Adverse Effects of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Currently, immunotherapy has shown great efficacy in clinical trials, and monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 have shown encouraging results in first-line or second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Meanwhile, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint drugs combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy as well as anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint therapy, are considered an attractive treatment with higher efficacy. However, toxicity associated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is worth attention. Understanding the adverse effects caused by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive agents is vital to guide the clinical rational use of drug. In this review, we summarized the adverse effects that occurred during the clinical use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and discussed how to effectively manage and respond to these adverse reactions.
Biological Sex and Sex Hormone Impacts on Deficits in Episodic-Like Memory in a Rat Model of Early, Pre-motor Stages of Parkinson's Disease

Episodic memory deficits are among the earliest appearing and most commonly occurring examples of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). These enduring features can also predict a clinical course of rapid motor decline, significant cognitive deterioration, and the development of PD-related dementia. The lack of effective means to treat these deficits underscores the need to better understand their neurobiological bases. The prominent sex differences that characterize episodic memory in health, aging and in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease suggest that neuroendocrine factors may also influence episodic memory dysfunction in PD. However, while sex differences have been well-documented for many facets of PD, sex differences in, and sex hormone influences on associated episodic memory impairments have been less extensively studied and have never been examined in preclinical PD models. Accordingly, we paired bilateral neostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions with behavioral testing using the What-Where-When Episodic-Like Memory (ELM) Task in adult rats to first determine whether episodic-like memory is impaired in this model. We further compared outcomes in gonadally intact female and male subjects, and in male rats that had undergone gonadectomy—with and without hormone replacement, to determine whether biological sex and/or sex hormones influenced the expression of dopamine lesioned-induced memory deficits. These studies showed that 6-OHDA lesions profoundly impaired recall for all memory domains in male and female rats. They also showed that in males, circulating gonadal hormones powerfully modulated the negative impacts of 6-OHDA lesions on What, Where, and When discriminations in domain-specific ways. Specifically, the absence of androgens was shown to fully attenuate 6-OHDA lesion-induced deficits in ELM for “Where” and to partially protect against lesion-induced deficits in ELM for “What. ” In sum, these findings show that 6-OHDA lesions in rats recapitulate the vulnerability of episodic memory seen in early PD. Together with similar evidence recently obtained for spatial working memory, the present findings also showed that diminished androgen levels provide powerful, highly selective protections against the harmful effects that 6-OHDA lesions have on memory functions in male rats.
Cardiovascular Alterations and Management of Patients With White Coat Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis

A large and growing body of literature has focused on the association between “white coat hypertension” (WCH) and the underlying target organ damage. The evidence suggests that WCH is may not an entirely benign phenomenon. However, whether patients with WCH should receive antihypertensive drugs is unresolved. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to fully determine the ability of WCH to alter cardiovascular structure and to determine whether patients with WCH could benefit from drug intervention. Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception through 21 Oct 2019. A total of 25 studies (8,100 individuals) were included. In participants with WCH, values of aortic pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, intima–media thickness, interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, and left ventricular mass index were lower than those with sustained hypertension, but greater than those in the normotensive group. Of note, antihypertensive drug therapy did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with WCH. WCH is accompanied by alterations of cardiovascular structure; however, the benefits from antihypertensive therapy are limited.
Phylogenomics reveals multiple introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 into Peru

Peru has become one of the countries with the highest mortality rate from the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. To investigate early transmission event and genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Peru, we analyzed a total of 3472 SARS-CoV-2 genomes, from which 149 ones were from Peru. Phylogenomic analysis revealed multiple and independent introductions of the virus mainly from Europe and Asia. In addition, we found evidence for community-driven transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as suggested by clusters of related viruses found in patients living in different Peru regions.
Synergistic Effects of Pulsed Lavage and Antimicrobial Therapy Against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in an in-vitro Model

Background: Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to treat complications of joint arthroplasty. Debridement with implant retention is a common treatment strategy and frequently involves the use of pulsed lavage (PL). However, PL effects on biofilms and antibiotic activity have been scarcely studied in-vitro. We report the effects of PL, vancomycin or flucloxacillin used independently or in combination against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Methods: Biofilms of 3 methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and of 3 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) S. aureus were grown on Ti6Al4V coupons in TGN (TSB + 1%glucose + 2%NaCl). After 24 h, PL was applied to half of the samples (50 mL saline from 5 cm). Samples were either reincubated for 24 h in TGN or TGN + flucloxacillin or vancomycin. Analyses included CFUs counts, biomass assays or fluorescence microscopy. Results: PL transiently reduced bacterial counts by 3–4 Log10 CFU/coupon, but bacterial regrowth to baseline levels was seen after 24 h. At 20 mg/L, flucloxacillin reduced both the CFU counts (3 Log10 CFU/coupon) and biomass (−70%) in one MSSA only, while vancomycin had no effects against MRSA. PL combined with a 24 h reincubation with vancomycin or flucloxacillin at 20 mg/L was synergistic (−5 to 6.5 Log10 CFU/coupon; 81–100% biomass reduction). Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that PL removed most of the biofilm and that subsequent antibiotic treatment partially killed bacteria. Conclusions: While PL only transiently reduces the bacterial load and antibiotics at clinically relevant concentrations show no or limited activity on biofilms, their combination is synergistic against MRSA and MSSA biofilms. These results highlight the need for thorough PL before antibiotic administration in PJI.