Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES USING “RING THE
BELL”; A LOW COST HIGH IMPACT INNOVATIVE TOOL

RATIONALE: Hand hygiene is one of the most neglected practices amongst health care personnel. We devised a positive habit reinforcement tool called “ring the bell” and hypothesized that it will not lead to better hand hygiene compliance. OBJECTIVES: Hand hygiene events (hand washing and hand rub) of two Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of a large tertiary care hospital were compared. METHODS: For purpose of the study the control limb was designated ICU A and the test limb ICU B. All medical personnel in ICU B were instructed to “ring the bell” hung next to the wash basin prior to washing hands. MEASUREMENTS: The study was performed for one hour a day over a period of 90 days and numbers of hand hygiene events were recorded by obscure observers. MAIN RESULTS: Total hand hygiene events of ICU A were 909 out of 1584 (0.58%) medical personnel attending and in ICU B were 3870 out of 2706 (1.43%) medical personnel attending, a signicant increase of more than 125% (2.5 times). The two sided Z test was applied and Z value was calculated to be 12.34 (SE=0.068). Since p value (0.0001) was less than 0.05, we rejected the null hypothesis at 5% level of signicance. CONCLUSION(S): “Ring the bell” campaign used for positive habit reinforcement effectively increased hand hygiene compliance and such a low cost and high impact innovative tool is strongly recommended to improve safety and quality of medical care in order to prevent nosocomial infections.
Rare presentation of breast carcinoma in an old burn scar

Malignancies from old burn scars (BSs) have been documented in literature but are rarely encountered in our day-to-day practice. Adenocarcinoma is an extremely uncommon while squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant entity seen as BS neoplasm. Breast cancer arising from an old BS is rarely reported in literature. Till now, to the best of our knowledge, only four cases have been reported in literature. Here, we are reporting an interesting case of 38-year-old female with a history of burn injury on her chest wall including left breast and axilla 20 years back which was left to heal secondarily, i.e., without any active intervention. Later, she developed an ulceroproliferative growth over her left breast for which she consulted a local physician. A diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma breast of the left side was made after biopsy and was referred to our hospital. Metastatic workup was negative, i.e., chest X-ray posteroanterior view, ultrasound sonography abdomen and pelvis with blood investigations were found to be normal. Right side breast, axilla, and supraclavicular region along with abdomen were found to be normal. Clinically, she was staged as T4b, N0, M0, Stage III B carcinoma breast left side. She was managed with upfront surgery, i.e., a simple mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy. After completing the radical treatment, she was kept on tamoxifen 20 mg once daily for 5 years. At present, the patient is doing well with locoregional complete response after 6 years of regular follow-up.
The Genus Cronartium Revisited

Cronartium is a prominent rust pathogen (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota). The type species of the genus was Cronartium asclepiadeum, which is currently synonymized under C. pini. Cronartium species infect branches, cones and stems of Pinus species, which are economically and ecologically valued crops in many countries in North and Central America, Asia and Europe. Cronartium species show host specificity alternating between two unrelated hosts such as Pinus and Ribes species. In this macrocyclic, heteroecious lifecycle, the five different spore stages are produced. They are the causal agent of numerous blister rust diseases such as cone rust disease, gall rust disease and limb rust disease on pine forests worldwide. Mainly, Cronartium comptoniae causes sweet fern blister rust, C. ribicola causes white pine blister rust, C. comandrae causes comandra blister rust, C. pini (=Peridermium pini) causes resin-top disease, C. quercuum causes gall rust disease in pine-oaks, C. arizonicum causes limb rust disease and C. strobilinum and C. conigenum cause cone rust disease. All species of Endocronartium have been synonymized and transferred to Cronartium. The updated phylogenetic analysis for the genus Cronartium is performed based on ITS sequence data from GenBank. This study is focused on morphology, phylogeny, pathogenicity and mitigation methods as well as future directions for research on the genus Cronartium.
TRENDS IN ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AMONG UROPATHOGENS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ESCHERICHIA COLI IN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PEDIATRIC URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS FROM KERALA

CONTEXT: Resistance of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics is increasingly reported from India in adults. There is little data on resistance patterns in childhood community acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). AIMS: To study antibiotic resistance trends of uropathogens isolated in community acquired UTI in children from a geographic area. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective study conducted in a northern Kerala tertiary pediatric centre between November 2012 and October 2014. METHODS: Urine samples were obtained by clean catch midstream, bladder catheterization or supra-pubic aspiration. Bacterial growth, when significant were identified by standard biochemical reactions with antibiogram by Kirby Bauers disc diffusion method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Proportions were calculated and statistical significance obtained by Chisquare. RESULTS: Of the 1387 cultures with suspected community acquired UTI, 274 (19.75%) were positive. Mean age of study group was 28.52 months and 64.6% were boys. Escherichia coli (E.coli) was the predominant pathogen [189(69%)] followed by Klebsiella 50(18.2%). Citrobacter, Enterococcus, Proteus and Pseudomonas constituted less than 6%. All urinary isolates showed high combined resistance to most commonly used antimicrobials including beta-lactam antibiotics (84.3% to cefotaxime, 83.2% to cefixime, 74.5% to ampicillin), quinolones (54.2% to ciprofloxacin, 46.4% to norfloxacin, 32.8% to levofloxacin), 52.9% to co-trimoxazole, 30.2% to gentamicin, 24.1% to nitrofurantoin and 14.2% to netilmicin. E.coli was highly resistant tocephalosporins and ampicillin (>80%). CONCLUSIONS: There is increasing resistance amongst E.coli coli and Klebsiella to third generation cephalosporins in pediatric age group. It is important to generate regional data on antibiogram pattern to guide therapy.
Linking employee loyalty with job satisfaction using PLS–SEM modelling

The purpose of the present study is to empirically test a model that illustrates how person–job fit (PJF), person–organization fit (POF) and perceived supervisor support (PSS) as individualistic factors affect job satisfaction and employee loyalty in the Indian context. ,A survey of the Indian managerial executives was conducted with a structured questionnaire to validate the proposed model. Responses of a sample of 220 have been tested using PLS–SEM modelling approach. ,The factors PJF, POF and PSS are inferred to have significant impact on job satisfaction and also improve employee loyalty. In comparison to PJF and PSS, POF has emerged as the most influential determinant of the proposed model. ,HR managers can adopt relevant practices and promote organizational policies in order to have loyal employees. This would also help organizations in increasing overall productivity at both individual and organizational levels. Recruiters could be provided with necessary tools and measures to find better and accurate means of mapping POF and PJF. ,Establishing PJF, POF fit and PSS as individual-specific constructs, and job satisfaction as a mediator, leading to employee loyalty, is a significant contribution to research. This study finds uniqueness in the Indian context, in which these constructs have mostly been explored in isolation or as dyadic relations. Review of existing studies indicates an overlap of factors that influence both job satisfaction and employee loyalty.
Mental health literacy among undergraduate students in selected universities in Malaysia.

This study examines general knowledge of mental health literacy among undergraduate students from selected public and private universities in Malaysia, differences between art stream and science stream of the undergraduate students on mental health literacy, their help-seeking intention and their stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental illness. A total of 80 undergraduate students had participated in this study. A questionnaire on “Attitudes and Beliefs about Mental Health Problems: Professional and Public Views” had been distributed to the participants through a snowball sampling technique. The result of the study showed that general knowledge of mental health literacy among undergraduate students was low-to-moderate. However, there was no significant difference between art stream and science stream undergraduate students. The findings of this study promoted understanding on mental health literacy among undergraduate students and could assist in developing counselling services that are more responsive to their need.
Bulgarian authors’ open access awareness and preferences

The purpose of this paper is to describe the findings of a survey of Bulgarian faculty about the extent to which their research is openly available, awareness of the European Union Competitiveness Council open access goal, support for the goal and preferences for achieving it. ,The authors conducted a survey of 584 faculty at six universities in Bulgaria using the Qualtrics online survey software. There were 222 effectively surveyed respondents. ,Bulgarian researchers are aware of arguments in favor of open access and believe that it benefits researchers in their discipline. Only a little more than a third of Bulgarian faculty are familiar with the E.U. goal of open access to all publicly-funded research by 2020. Once the goal is explained, they support it. Authors may not understand the intricacies of green and gold open access, but they are willing to meet the E.U. goal by either publishing in open access journals (the gold method) or depositing articles in open access repositories (the green method). ,The results are useful to countries and funding agencies interested in achieving open access to state funded research. ,To date, there has been no research that seeks to determine the degree to which researchers are aware of the E.U. Competitiveness Council’s goal or that seeks to determine faculty preferences for achieving that goal. This paper explores methods available for achieving open access to the results of publicly funded research in Bulgaria.
A comparison of fecal sampling and direct feeding observations for quantifying the diet of a frugivorous primate

Abstract Both observational and indirect evidence are widely used to determine the diets of wild animals. Direct observations are often assumed to provide the most comprehensive reflection of diet, but many wild animals are logistically challenging to observe. Despite the regular use of observational and indirect methods for inferring diet in wild animals, they have rarely been compared in detail for the same study population. Over 12 months this study assessed the congruence of methods in estimating the diet of a montane community of eastern chimpanzees Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda using observational scan samples and macroscopic fecal inspection. The assessment of the number of food species consumed each month was comparable between methods, but the estimation of the composition of items in the diet differed significantly. Most notably, the fecal samples significantly underestimated the consumption of flowers, and certain fruit species, which based on direct behavioral observations were seasonally consumed at very high rates. Conversely, direct observations underestimated the consumption of leaves and pith in comparison to results present in the fecal samples. These results suggest that combining methods where possible is most useful for accurate monitoring of dietary trends, particularly for species that experience significant seasonal shifts in their diet.
Does metal pollution affect stoichiometry of soil-litter food webs?

To date the field of ecological stoichiometry has focused mainly on aquatic systems concentrating on macro-elements. We investigated terrestrial systems and included microelements to study the elemental transfer in the detritivorous food web. We compared food webs of six sites differing in the type and degree of metal pollution along two forest transects contaminated with copper or zinc. We measured 11 elements in litter, herbivores, detritivores, predators and omnivores. Based on elemental concentrations of elements differences between trophic groups were visualized using PCA. At all sites litter C:N, C:P, C:K and C:Na ratios were higher than in animals. Invertebrate trophic groups were significantly different from each other in C:Cu, C:Zn and C:Ca ratios. The calculated resource:consumer N:P ratio suggests that invertebrates in studied forests are N limited and not P limited. Similar patterns at all sites suggests that metal pollution at the studied intensity slightly affects the transfer of elements in the terrestrial macro-invertebrate food web.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Radically Treated Head and Neck CancerPatients: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Setting in Manipal,Udupi

Objectives: 1) To measure the different domains of quality of life in post-treatment head and neck cancer patients and 2) To find associations between the type of treatment and the quality of life in the patients. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2015 among 144 radically treated head and neck cancer patients above the age of 18 years using EORTC QLQ-30 and QLQ H&N-35 Questionnaires. Data analysis: Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 15. Major results: The main areas affecting the QOL of the patients were Social, Cognitive and Emotional Functioning, financial problems, fatigue, dyspnea, appetite loss, sexual problems, trouble with social contact, and symptoms of dry mouth, problem related to senses, difficulty in mouth opening and speech problems. Three-fourth of the patients used analgesic medication for pain control. Early-stage tumors showed significantly better scores on pain, speech, social eating, teeth problems and dryness of mouth. The groups with combined modalities outscored the Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy groups on almost all scales. Conclusion: Head and Neck cancer (HNC) has a significant burden of symptoms at presentation. There have not been many studies that have measured the long term QoL outcomes in HNC survivors in developing countries. A simple and explicit questionnaire, as used in this study could help in quickly screening for the symptom burden and QoL in these patients and this would definitely help in delivery of better symptom directed therapies and achieving the holy goal of palliative care.
Work-Related Emotional Communication Model of Burnout: An Analysis of Emotions for Hire

This study proposes the Work-Related Emotional Communication model of burnout to explicate the relationships between processes of emotional work and emotional labor leading to burnout. The model was validated drawing on survey data from 2,067 practicing attorneys. Our analyses found emotional contagion to have a stronger positive influence on burnout through its direct effect on exhaustion than through its indirect effect on communicative responsiveness. Sensitivity to the Expressive Behavior of Others was a prominent influence on empathic communication. Inefficacy partially mediated the positive effects of exhaustion on cynicism. Surface acting did not contribute to inefficacy but had positive effects on exhaustion and cynicism. Deep acting had no apparent effect on burnout, whereas automatic regulation negatively influenced burnout. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications for future research and offer suggestions for management to work toward the reduction of worker burnout.
Stable Isotopes of Water and Nitrate for the Identification of Groundwater Flowpaths: A Review

Nitrate contamination in stream water and groundwater is a serious environmental problem that arises in areas of high agricultural activities or high population density. It is therefore important to identify the source and flowpath of nitrate in water bodies. In recent decades, the dual isotope analysis (δ15N and δ18O) of nitrate has been widely applied to track contamination sources by taking advantage of the difference in nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for different sources. However, transformation processes of nitrogen compounds can change the isotopic composition of nitrate due to the various redox processes in the environment, which often makes it difficult to identify contaminant sources. To compensate for this, the stable water isotope of the H2O itself can be used to interpret the complex hydrological and hydrochemical processes for the movement of nitrate contaminants. Therefore, the present study aims at understanding the fundamental background of stable water and nitrate isotope analysis, including isotope fractionation, analytical methods such as nitrate concentration from samples, instrumentation, and the typical ranges of δ15N and δ18O from various nitrate sources. In addition, we discuss hydrograph separation using the oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of water in combination with the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate to understand the relative contributions of precipitation and groundwater to stream water. This study will assist in understanding the groundwater flowpaths as well as tracking the sources of nitrate contamination using the stable isotope analysis in combination with nitrate and water.
Late Holocene to Recent aragonite‐cemented transgressive lag deposits in the Abu Dhabi lagoon and intertidal sabkha

Modern cemented intervals (beachrock, firmgrounds to hardgrounds and concretionary layers) form in the lagoon and intertidal sabkha of Abu Dhabi. Seafloor lithification actively occurs in open, current‐swept channels in low‐lying areas between ooid shoals, in the intertidal zone of the middle lagoon, some centimetres beneath the inner lagoonal seafloor (i.e. within the sediment column) and at the sediment surface the intertidal sabkha. The concept of ‘concretionary sub‐hardgrounds’, i.e. laminar cementation of sediments formed within the sediment column beneath the shallow redox boundary, is introduced and discussed. Based on calibrated radiocarbon ages, seafloor lithification commenced during the Middle to Late Holocene (ca 9000 cal yr bp), and proceeds to the present‐day. Lithification occurs in the context of the actualistic relative sea‐level rise shifting the coastline landward across the extremely low‐angle carbonate ramp. The cemented intervals are interpreted as parasequence boundaries in the sense of ‘marine flooding surfaces’, but in most cases the sedimentary cover overlying the transgressive surface has not yet been deposited. Aragonite, (micritic) calcite and, less commonly, gypsum cements lithify the firmground/hardground intervals. Cements are described and placed into context with their depositional and marine diagenetic environments and characterized by means of scanning electron microscope petrography, cathodoluminescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology of aragonitic cements changes from needle‐shaped forms in lithified decapod burrows of the outer lagoon ooidal shoals to complex columnar, lath and platy crystals in the inner lagoon. Precipitation experiments provide first tentative evidence for the parameters that induce changes in aragonite cement morphology. Data shown here shed light on ancient, formerly aragonite‐cemented seafloors, now altered to diagenetic calcites, but also document the complexity of highly dynamic near coastal depositional environments.
Biochemical characterisation of purified acetylcholine esterase from liver of Tilapia (Tilapia zilli)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is suitable for monitoring the occurrence of pesticide classes in the environment. Although this enzyme have been characterized from different species of fishes with focus on the head tissue (brain) due to the activity of acetylcholine esterase in relation to neurotransmission. However, the presence of this enzyme in significant concentration in other tissue other than that of the nervous system and muscles is under reported. Here we report the purification of AChE from the liver of Tilapia zilli by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-sephadex A50 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. At the same time the biochemical characterization and kinetic parameters of this enzyme were determined. Two distinct forms of AChE were determined from the purification experiment and were denoted as AChE A* and AChE B* . A 26.25-fold purification with a recovery of 21.32% was achieved for AChE A* and AChE B* had 39.44-fold purification with 15.60% activity recovered. Furthermore, the subunit molecular weights of AChE A* and AChE B* were 42.4 and 38.7 kDa respectively. The two enzymes were optimally active at pH 8.0 and 40 °C. The apparent K m and V max values of AChE A* were 0.5 mM and 25.1 mM/min respectively while the apparent K m and V max values of AChE B* were 0.31 mM and 15.7 mM/min respectively. The activity of the enzymes was inhibited by cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and dichlorvos. However, dichlorvos shows a greater inhibition of activities of AChE A* and AChE B* , with IC 50 value of 0.016 and 0.005 μM respectively when compared with that of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. The results established the activity of acetylcholine esterase in the liver of Tilapia zilli and our findings shows that there are two possible variants of the enzyme present in the liver and both variant can serve as a possible biomarker for monitoring environmental pollutants.
Assessing basin storage: Comparison of hydrometric‐ and tracer‐based indices of dynamic and total storage

Storage is a fundamental but elusive component of drainage basin function, influencing synchronization between precipitation input and streamflow output and mediating basin sensitivity to climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change. We compare hydrometric and isotopic approaches to estimate indices of dynamic and total basin storage, respectively, and assess inter‐basin differences in these indices across the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) region of southern Ontario, Canada. Dynamic storage indices for the 20 study basins included the ratio of baseflow to total streamflow (baseflow index BFI), Q 99 flow and flow duration curve (FDC) slope. Ratios of the standard deviation of the streamflow stable isotope signal relative to that of precipitation were determined for each basin from a 1 year bi‐weekly sampling program and used as indicators of total storage. Smaller ratios imply longer water travel times, smaller young water fractions (F yw, < ~2–3 months in age) in streamflow and greater basin storage. Ratios were inversely related to BFI and Q 99, and positively related to FDC slope, suggesting longer travel times and smaller F yw for basins with stable baseflow‐dominated streamflow regimes. Inter‐basin differences in all indices reflected topographic, hydrogeologic and LULC controls on storage, which was greatest in steep, forest‐covered headwaters underlain by permeable deposits with thick and relatively uniform unsaturated zones. Nevertheless, differential sensitivity of indices to controls on storage indicates the value of using several indices to capture more completely how basin characteristics influence storage. Regression relationships between storage indices and basin characteristics provided reasonable predictions of aspects of the streamflow regime of test basins in the ORM region. Such relationships and the underlying knowledge of controls on basin storage in this landscape provide the foundation for initial predictions of relative differences in streamflow response to regional changes in climate and LULC.