Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competing interface and bulk anisotropies in Co-rich TbCo amorphous thin films

We study the magnetic properties of amorphous Tb x Co 100−x films with x in the range 8−12 at% and with a thickness of 5−100 nm. In this range the magnetic properties are shaped by a competition between a perpendicular bulk magnetic anisotropy and an in-plane interface anisotropy, in addition to the changes in magnetization. This results in a temperature controllable spin reorientation transition from in-plane to out-of-plane which is thickness and composition dependent. Furthermore, we show that perpendicular anisotropy is recovered throughout an entire TbCo/CoAlZr multilayer, where neither TbCo nor CoAlZr single layers exhibit perpendicular anisotropy. This illustrates the important role of the TbCo interfaces in the overall effective anisotropy.
The illusion of insight: detailed warnings reduce but do not prevent false “Aha!” moments

ABSTRACT False “Aha! ” moments can be elicited experimentally using the False Insight Anagram Task (FIAT), which combines semantic priming and visual similarity manipulations to lead participants into having “Aha! ” moments for incorrect anagram solutions. In a preregistered experiment (N = 255), we tested whether warning participants and explaining to them exactly how they were being deceived, would reduce their susceptibility to false insights. We found that simple warnings did not reduce the incidence of false insights. On the other hand, participants who were given a detailed explanation of the methods used to deceive them experienced a small reduction in false insights compared to participants given no warning at all. Our findings suggest that the FIAT elicits a robust false insight effect that is hard to overcome, demonstrating the persuasive nature of false insights when the conditions are ripe for them.
Recent results on the degradation of white LEDs for lighting

Over the last years, GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been shown to be excellent candidates for the realization of high-efficiency light sources. White LEDs based on phosphor conversion can reach record efficiencies in excess of 150 lm W−1, as demonstrated by several manufacturers and research groups. However, the reliability of white LEDs is still limited by a number of issues that must be addressed before these devices can find wide application in the market. This paper gives an overview on the most important physical mechanisms that limit the reliability of GaN-based LEDs for application in solid-state lighting. Starting from general considerations on the reliability of state-of-the-art white LEDs, the following degradation mechanisms are described in detail: (i) the degradation of the active layer of LEDs due to increased non-radiative recombination and reverse-bias stress; (ii) the degradation of the package/phosphor system, with subsequent worsening in the chromatic properties of the LEDs; (iii) the failure of GaN-based LEDs submitted to electrostatic discharge events. The data presented in this paper are critically compared with those reported in the literature.
The associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep with V˙O2max in trained and untrained children and adolescents: A novel five-part compositional analysis

The benefits of physical activity (PA) and the negative impacts of sedentary time (SED) on both short- and long-term health in youth are well established. However, uncertainty remains about how PA and SED jointly influence maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the joint influence of PA and SED on V˙O2max using compositional analyses. 176 adolescents (84 girls, 13.8 ± 1.8 years) completed an incremental ramp test and supramaximal validation bout on a cycle ergometer, with PA and SED recorded for seven consecutive days on the right hip using a ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer. Time spent in Sleep, SED, light, moderate and vigorous PA was analysed using a compositional linear regression model. Compositions with 10 minutes more time in vigorous PA (> 27.5 mins⋅day-1) compared to the average 17.5 mins⋅day-1 were associated with a + 2.9% - 11.1% higher absolute and scaled V˙O2max whilst compositions with less (> -10 mins⋅day-1) VPA were associated with a reduced absolute and allometrically scaled V˙O2max (-4.6% - 24.4%). All associations were irrespective of sex, maturity, and training status. The proportion of time spent sedentary had little impact on absolute and scaled V˙O2max (0.01–1.98%). These findings therefore highlight that intensity of PA may be of greater importance for increases in V˙O2max than reductions in SED and should be incorporated into future intervention designs.
Self-powered, light-controlled, bioresorbable platforms for programmed drug delivery

Significance Polymer matrices and porous scaffolds enable passive, gradual release of drugs, with relevance to important clinical applications. Actively controlled systems represent an appealing alternative due to capabilities in user-defined programmability over the timing of discrete release events. Nevertheless, requirements for supporting power supplies and wireless electronics, together with the need to surgically extract devices after a period of use, represent disadvantages that limit broad adoption. This work addresses this opportunity through a self-powered, light-controlled, bioresorbable platform that bypasses the need for separate power supplies and enables natural dissolution and clearance from the body after treatment. This miniaturized and wirelessly programmed drug delivery device represents a significant advance over previously reported technologies, with potential for pharmacological treatment of a broad range of diseases.
Chronic critical illness in critically ill COVID-19 patients

Objectives To evaluate the presence of chronic critical illness (CCI) in COVID-19 patients and compare clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with and without CCI admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Methods It was a retrospective, observational study at a university hospital ICU. Patients were accepted as CCI if they had prolonged ICU stay (≥14 days) and got ≥1 score for cardiovascular sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and ≥2 score in other parameters on day 14 of ICU admission which was described as persistent organ dysfunction. Results 131 of 397 (33%) patients met CCI criteria. CCI patients were older (p = 0.003) and frailer (p < 0.001). Their Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and SOFA scores were higher, PaO2/FiO2 ratio was lower (p < 0.001). Requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), steroid use, and septic shock on admission were higher in the CCI group (p < 0.001). CCI patients had higher ICU and hospital mortality than other patients (54.2% vs. 19.9% and 55.7% vs. 22.6%, p < 0.001, respectively). Regression analysis revealed that IMV (OR: 8.40, [5.10–13.83], p < 0.001) and PaO2/FiO2 < 150 on admission (OR: 2.25, [1.36–3.71], p = 0.002) were independent predictors for CCI. Discussion One-third of the COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU were considered as CCI with significantly higher ICU and hospital mortality.
A study of CME and type II shock kinematics based on coronal density measurement

Aims. The aim of this paper is to determine location and speed of a coronal shock from a type II burst spectrum without relying on any coronal density model, and to use the result to discuss the relationship between the type II burst and Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). Methods. This study is made for the 2004 August 18 solar eruption observed by Green Bank Solar Radio Burst Spectrometer (GBSRBS) and a limb CME/streamer simultaneously detected by Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) MK4 coronameter. We determine the background density distribution over the area of interest by inverting the MLSO MK4 polarization map taken just before the CME onset. Using the two-dimensional density distribution and the type II emission frequencies, we calculate the type II shock heights along several radial directions selected to encompass the entire position angles of the CME. We then compare these emission heights with those of the CME to determine at which position angle the type II burst propagated. Along the most plausible position angle, we finally determine the height and speed of the shock as functions of time. Results. It turns out that the type II emission height calculated along a southern streamer best agrees to the observed height of the CME flank. Along this region, both the shock and CME moved at a speed ranging from 800 to 600 km $\rm{s}^{-1}$. We also found that the streamer boundary already had enhanced density compared to other parts before the CME and formed a low Alfvenic region. Conclusions. We therefore conclude that the type II burst was generated at the interface of the CME flank and the streamer, as favorable for the shock formation.
RNA profiling of sEV (small extracellular vesicles)/exosomes reveals biomarkers and vascular endothelial dysplasia with moyamoya disease

The association of exosomal RNA profiling and pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) and intracranial Atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the RNA profiles of sEV (small extracellular vesicles)/exosomes in patients with MMD and ICAD. Whole blood samples were collected from 30 individuals, including 10 patients with MMD, 10 patients with ICAD, and 10 healthy individuals. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed using the GeneChip WT Pico Reagent kit. Transcriptional correlation was verified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between functional dysregulation and candidate RNAs was studied in vitro. In total, 1,486 downregulated and 2,405 upregulated RNAs differed significantly between patients with MMD and healthy controls. Differential expression of six circRNAs was detected using qPCR. Among these significantly differentially expressed RNAs, IPO11 and PRMT1 circRNAs were upregulated, whereas CACNA1F circRNA was downregulated. This is the first study showing that the differential expression of exosomal RNAs associated with MMD pathogenesis, such as overexpression of IPO11 and PRMT1 circRNAs, may be related to angiogenesis in MMD. The downregulation of CACNA1F circRNA may be related to vascular occlusion. These results propose the utility of exosomal RNAs as biological markers in MMD.
Resistive MHD simulations of Ganymede's magnetosphere 2. Birkeland currents and particle energetics

[1] The Birkeland current flows generated by Ganymede's magnetospheric interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere are simulated by using a resistive MHD code. The total field-aligned current is estimated to be I∥ ≈ 6.6 × 105 A. The power delivered to the Jovian auroral zone and to Ganymede's polar surface via energetic charged particle bombardment is about 6 × 109 W. Ions and electrons could gain as much as 2.9–48 keV at the reconnection site of the magnetopause. The production rate of oxygen and water molecules from the associated ion sputtering effect (QII ≈ 1025 − 1026 molecules/s, QI ≈ 1–4 × 1026 molecules/s) can be derived from polar cap precipitation of the ambient Jovian energetic ions. Because Ganymede's Birkeland current system is highly time-variable in response to the Jovian magnetic field variations, the “footpoints” of the accelerated ion beams could have rapid changes and hence the motion of the hotspots of the oxygen airglow emission as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope.
The role of SWEET4 proteins in the post-phloem sugar transport pathway of Setaria viridis sink tissues

Abstract In the developing seeds of all higher plants, filial cells are symplastically isolated from the maternal tissue supplying photosynthate to the reproductive structure. Photoassimilates must be transported apoplastically, crossing several membrane barriers, a process facilitated by sugar transporters. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have been proposed to play a crucial role in apoplastic sugar transport during phloem unloading and the post-phloem pathway in sink tissues. Evidence for this is presented here for developing seeds of the C4 model grass Setaria viridis. Using immunolocalization, SvSWEET4 was detected in various maternal and filial tissues within the seed along the sugar transport pathway, in the vascular parenchyma of the pedicel, and in the xylem parenchyma of the stem. Expression of SvSWEET4a in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that it functions as a high-capacity glucose and sucrose transporter. Carbohydrate and transcriptional profiling of Setaria seed heads showed that there were some developmental shifts in hexose and sucrose content and consistent expression of SvSWEET4 homologues. Collectively, these results provide evidence for the involvement of SWEETs in the apoplastic transport pathway of sink tissues and allow a pathway for post-phloem sugar transport into the seed to be proposed.
The Role of Postoperative Dressing in Hypospadias Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Pediatric Literature

Abstract This study aimed to describe the available dressings and their management in patients undergoing hypospadias repair and compare postoperative outcomes with and without dressing and between the different dressing types. A comprehensive electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted to obtain studies, published in the period 1990 to 2021, reporting on the dressing used following hypospadias surgery. All information regarding the dressing was considered as primary endpoints, whereas surgical outcomes were assessed as secondary outcomes. Thirty-one studies containing 1,790 subjects undergoing hypospadias repair were included. Dressings were divided into three categories: nonadherent to the wound, adherent to the wound, and glue-based dressings. Most authors preferred to remove/change the dressing in the ward and the median time of removal/change was 6.56 postoperative days. The dressing removal appeared as the most frequent factor generating parental anxiety. The median rate of wound-related complications was 8.18%, of urethroplasty complications 9.08% and of reoperations 8.18%. Meta-analysis of outcomes showed higher risk of reoperations using conventional dressing, with no differences in urethroplasty and wound-related complications rates between conventional and glue-based dressings. Furthermore, the use of dressing reported increased risk of wound-related complications compared with no dressing, without significant differences regarding occurrence of urethroplasty complications and reoperations. The current evidence confirmed that there is no difference in outcomes of hypospadias repair depending on a certain dressing type. To date, surgeon's preference remains the main factor determining the choice for a specific dressing or for no dressing at all.
Recovering the Lost Soul: Older Women’s Reflections on Past Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse

Intrafamilial child sexual abuse (IFCSA) is a social problem with longstanding effects on victims’ lives. While scholarly literature has focused on the adverse aftermath of sexual abuse, only a few studies have acknowledged older women’s perspectives on their experience of IFCSA and their journey of healing and recovery. The aim of the present study was to explore how older survivors of IFCSA construct and shape their experience of healing in later life and the meaning they assign to this process. Narrative inquiry was selected to explore the narratives of 11 older women survivors of IFCSA. Participants were interviewed using a biographical narrative interviewing method. The narratives were then transcribed and analyzed using thematic, structural, and performance analyses. Four major themes emerged from the participants’ narratives: Achieving closure; Spiritual framing of IFCSA as a platform for self-growth; Becoming whole in old age; and Looking to the future after IFCSA. During the aging years, IFCSA survivors may redefine their identity and their place in the world. Using life review processes, older women in this study were striving to heal and reconcile with their past.
Loneliness, affective disorders, suicidal ideation, and the use of psychoactive substances in a sample of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

PROBLEM The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging for adolescents. Indeed, with the closure of schools and social centers and reduction of extracurricular activities, increased social isolation has compounded difficulties in and with school performance, loneliness, and social networking. Increased risk of mental health problems, substance abuse, affective disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide has been reported in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study assesses the association between loneliness, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, the use of social networks, and school achievement in a sample of Italian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also explores emotional dysregulation through the association between affective disorders (depression and anxiety), substance use, and social networks. The sample comprises adolescents in the first and second grades of high school during the pandemic; participants received an email explaining the purpose of the e-research. Data were collected using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, and the Loneliness Scale. FINDINGS A total of 505 adolescents completed the web survey. Data revealed that students experienced difficulties with loneliness, problems with school achievement, and extracurricular activities. The mean scores for depression and anxiety were close to the borderline range. A total of 14.3% of adolescents intentionally harmed themselves or attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS This study raises concerns about the impacts of the pandemic on adolescents that require the attention of adult reference figures who deal with adolescents, such as parents, teachers, and healthcare professionals. Results indicate the necessity of providing early interventions aimed at the prevention of psychopathologies and the promotion of adolescent mental health due to the pandemic.
Insights into Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease from Single‐Cell and Spatial Genomics

Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically defined by the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons within the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. To date, the cause of this multifaceted disease remains largely unclear, which may contribute in part to a current lack of disease‐modifying therapies. Recent advances in single‐cell and spatial genomic profiling tools have provided powerful new ways to measure cellular state changes in brain diseases. Here, we describe how these tools have offered insight into these complex disorders and highlight a recently performed comprehensive study of DA neuron susceptibility in PD. The data generated by this recent work provide evidence for the role of specific pathways and common genetic variants resulting in the loss of a critical DA subtype in PD. We conclude by outlining a set of basic and translational opportunities that arise from those data and insights gathered from this work. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Duration and intensity of occupational lifting and risk of long-term sickness absence: Prospective cohort study with register follow-up among 45 000 workers

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prospective association of lifting duration and lifting load with the risk of long-term sickness absence (LTSA). Methods We followed manual workers with occupational lifting (N=45 346) from the Work Environment and Health in Denmark Study (2012–2018) for two years in a high-quality national register on social transfer payments (DREAM). Cox regressions with model-assisted weights were employed to estimate the risk of LTSA from lifting duration and loads. Results During follow-up, 9.6% of the workers had an episode of LTSA. Compared to workers with seldom lifting (reference), workers lifting ½ and ¾ of the workday had increased risk of LTSA [hazard ratios (HR) of 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.56] and 1.22 (95% CI 1.07–1.39)], respectively. Lifting load showed a positive exposure–response association with LTSA (trend test, P<0.01), with HR for lifting 5–15, 16–29, and ≥30 kg at 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.22), 1.17 (95% CI 1.03–1.34), and 1.29 (95% CI 1.11–1.50), respectively. Age-stratified analyses showed increased risk of LTSA among workers ≥50 years with a high proportion of work-related lifting compared to their younger counterparts. Conclusions Occupational lifting for ½ the workday increased the risk of LTSA, while higher occupational lifting load exacerbated this risk in an exposure–response manner. The study underscores the importance of reducing both lifting duration and loads for prevention of LTSA at the workplace, especially among older workers.
Acute myocarditis with transient myocardial thickening in two oncologic patients treated with anti‐GD2 immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has considerably improved clinical outcomes in different types of cancers but has also been associated with the development of myocarditis, especially with that mediated by immune checkpoint inhibitors. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first cases of myocarditis after anti‐GD2 immunotherapy reported to date. We present two cases of paediatric patients who, after anti‐GD2 infusion, presented severe myocarditis with myocardial hypertrophy detected on echocardiography and confirmed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. An increase in myocardial T1 and extracellular volume of up to 30% was observed with heterogeneous intramyocardial late enhancement. Myocarditis after anti‐GD2 immunotherapy may be more common than appreciated, occurs early after starting treatment, has a malignant course, and responds to higher steroid doses.
The ENSO footprint in monthly satellite evaporation over the global ocean during 1993–2007

The spatial pattern of latent heat flux (LHF) variability associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is extracted using 15 years (1993–2007) of monthly satellite-derived LHF over the global ocean. This ENSO LHF footprint agrees well with the El Niño evaporation pattern reported previously with a 3-year (1996–1998) weekly version of this data set. LHF anomalies over the eastern tropical Pacific are positively correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies suggesting a damping effect on ENSO. Positive correlations with ENSO are also observed over the eastern mid-latitude North Pacific, western and central mid-latitude South Pacific and the equatorial Indian Ocean. Negative correlations are observed elsewhere. It is also shown that the LHF footprints of both phases of ENSO (El Niño and La Niña) present very similar spatial structure. As expected, the surface wind pattern associated with El Niño (La Niña) shows convergence (divergence) over the central and eastern tropical Pacific and divergence (convergence) around the western tropical Pacific.