Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring and Improving Robustness of Multi Task Deep Neural Networks via Domain Agnostic Defenses

In this paper I explore the robustness of the Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks (MT-DNN) againstnon-targeted adversarial attacks across Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks as well assome possible ways to defend against them. Liu et al., have shown that the Multi-Task Deep NeuralNetwork, due to the regularization effect produced when training as a result of it’s cross task data, ismore robust than a vanilla BERT model trained only on one task (1.1%-1.5% absolute difference). I then show that although the MT-DNN has generalized better, making it easily transferable acrossdomains and tasks, it can still be compromised as after only 2 attacks (1-character and 2-character)the accuracy drops by 42.05% and 32.24% for the SNLI and SciTail tasks. Finally I propose a domainadaptable defense which restores the model’s accuracy (36.75% and 25.94% respectively) as opposedto a general purpose defense or an off-the-shelf spell checker.
Prevalence of Hyper Amylasemia and Acute Pancreatitis in Organophosphate Poisonings

Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis following organophosphate poisoning. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study conducted at the Medicine Department, B.S. Medical College, West Bengal during the period of six months from 16th June 2012 to 15th June 20013. All patients of both sexes and ages above 12 years admitted with a positive history of organophosphate poisoning (OP) were included in the study. A special Proforma was designed to enter all the collected data containing the basic information about the patient, history of recent event and the past history, physical examination and the relevant investigations like complete blood count, serum amylase and lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),ultrasound abdomen CT abdomen(where needed). Result: Among 96 patients, hyperamylasemia was found in 30 (31.25%) patients. Acute pancreatitis was seen in 6 (6.25%) patients. Conclusion: Hyperamylasemia is more frequently seen in organophosphate poisoning while six patients proved to have acute pancreatitis as a complication.
Dietary Supplementation with Flammulina velutipes Stem Waste on Growth Performance, Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Serum Profile in Weaned Piglets

Simple Summary Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVS) is the by-product of Flammulina velutipes (FV), which is rich in amino acids, vitamins and trace minerals. The direct disposal of FVS can cause serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the utilization and effects of FVS in diets for weaned piglets. Effective utilization of FVS can avoid the waste of resources, and have direct positive effects on environmental pollution reduction. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical profile of serum and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in weaned piglets. In Exp.1, 150 weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.89 ± 1.17 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and four experimental diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% FVS respectively. The animal trial lasted for 28 days. In Exp.2, 72 piglets (initial body weight: 8.20 ± 1.67 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and two experimental diets supplemented with 1.5% and 3.0% FVS, respectively. The animal trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that pigs fed dietary FVS with 3% or lower inclusion levels had no significant difference (p > 0.10) on growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet during day 1–28 and day 1–56. Dietary FVS supplementation decreased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients on day 28, day 35 and day 56, but no significant changes (p > 0.05) of nutrient digestibility were observed on day 14. Although piglets fed diets with higher levels of FVS showed impaired growth performance and ATTD of nutrients, dietary FVS supplementation improved the fecal SCFA production, antioxidant capacity, interleukin-2 and growth hormone levels in serum, and reduced the harmful low-density lipoprotein levels in serum on day 56. In conclusion, as a promising alternative fibrous ingredient, FVS could be supplemented in diets of weaned piglets with a proportion under 3%.
Effect of Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone, and Thiamine vs Hydrocortisone Alone on Time Alive and Free of Vasopressor Support Among Patients With Septic Shock: The VITAMINS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance It is unclear whether vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine are more effective than hydrocortisone alone in expediting resolution of septic shock. Objective To determine whether the combination of vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine, compared with hydrocortisone alone, improves the duration of time alive and free of vasopressor administration in patients with septic shock. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial conducted in 10 intensive care units in Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil that recruited 216 patients fulfilling the Sepsis-3 definition of septic shock. The first patient was enrolled on May 8, 2018, and the last on July 9, 2019. The final date of follow-up was October 6, 2019. Interventions Patients were randomized to the intervention group (n = 109), consisting of intravenous vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 hours), hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 hours), and thiamine (200 mg every 12 hours), or to the control group (n = 107), consisting of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 hours) alone until shock resolution or up to 10 days. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary trial outcome was duration of time alive and free of vasopressor administration up to day 7. Ten secondary outcomes were prespecified, including 90-day mortality. Results Among 216 patients who were randomized, 211 provided consent and completed the primary outcome measurement (mean age, 61.7 years [SD, 15.0]; 133 men [63%]). Time alive and vasopressor free up to day 7 was 122.1 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 76.3-145.4 hours) in the intervention group and 124.6 hours (IQR, 82.1-147.0 hours) in the control group; the median of all paired differences was -0.6 hours (95% CI, -8.3 to 7.2 hours; P = .83). Of 10 prespecified secondary outcomes, 9 showed no statistically significant difference. Ninety-day mortality was 30/105 (28.6%) in the intervention group and 25/102 (24.5%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.69-2.00). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions and Relevance In patients with septic shock, treatment with intravenous vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine, compared with intravenous hydrocortisone alone, did not significantly improve the duration of time alive and free of vasopressor administration over 7 days. The finding suggests that treatment with intravenous vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine does not lead to a more rapid resolution of septic shock compared with intravenous hydrocortisone alone. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03333278.
Rehydrated Biomass of Spirulina Platensis from Wastewater

Phytoremediation of Cd, As, Cu, and Zn by Spirulina Platensis is one of the most cost-effective approaches and environmental friendly technologies used to remediate contaminants from contaminated water. The removal rates of Cd, As, Cu, and Zn in the field experiment were 14.95, 9.45, 35.55, and 73.95 μg/g/d, respectively. The highest concentrations of these metals accumulated in S. Platensis after 90 d of the laboratory/field collected samples were 58.9/98.68, 29.86/47.98, 43.28/235.86, and 249.67/390.65 μg/g dry wt. , respectively, over the experiment. Only 55% Cd, 35% As, 85% Cu, and 95% of Zn removed from the water were used by S. Platensis. The bioconcentration factors were recorded for the metals in field/laboratory: for Cd (BCF=90/536), As (BCF=135/2,155), Cu (BCF=34,200/62,300) and Zn (BCF=32,500/95,300). The data obtained suggest that cyanobacterium S. Platensis has promising potential and can be used in a synergistic way to remediate wastewater polluted by Cd, As, Cu, and Zn.
Computational characterization of the porous‐fibrous behavior of the soft tissues in the temporomandibular joint

Abstract The prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders have led to growing research interest in the development of new biomaterials and medical devices for TMJ implant designs. In computational designs, however, the time and stretch direction dependences of the TMJ soft tissues behavior are not considered and they are frequently based on measurements taken from non‐human species or from joints that differ markedly from the human TMJ. The aim of this study was to accurately characterize the porous‐fibrous properties of the TMJ soft tissues by simulating previously published experimental tests, to assist professionals in the design of new TMJ implants. To that end, material parameters were determined assuming a uniform fiber orientation throughout the entire sample. This assumption was then tested by comparing these results with those of considering multiple regions and distinct fiber orientations in each sample. Our findings validated the use of a transversely isotropic hyperelastic material model to characterize the direction dependent behavior of TMJ soft tissues and its combination with porous hyperfoam material models to mimic the compressive response of the TMJ disc. In conclusion, constitutive model proposed accurately reproduce the mechanical response of the TMJ soft tissues at different strain rates and stretch directions.
The effect of GGC and CAG repeat polymorphisms on the androgen receptor gene in response to finasteride therapy in men with androgenetic alopecia

Background: It should be assessed whether the polymorphisms on androgen receptor gene can affect therapeutic response to androgenetic alopecia (AGA) medications. We aimed to find a link between polymorphisms on the androgen receptor gene (including the number of triple sequences of cytosine, adenine, and guanine [CAG] and guanine-guanine-cytosine [GGC]) and response to treatment with finasteride in male patients. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was performed on 25 consecutive male patients with hereditary AGA and 25 sex-matched healthy individuals without AGA. The complete sequence of the gene was extracted from the NCBI database. To replicate the samples, real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was used for the pointed gene and the results were confirmed by the sequencing technique. Results: The mean number of CAG sequences in two groups with and without baldness, was 23.16 ± 0.47 and 23.04 ± 0.67. For GGC sequencing with and without baldness, mean count was 22.22 ± 1.45 and 19.92 ± 81.2, respectively, which was significantly higher in the group with baldness. There was no association between number of CAG sequence and improvement in hair loss or the level of patients' satisfaction, but lower number of GGC sequences was associated with higher rate of stopping hair loss, more new hair growth, higher level of satisfaction, and more clinical response to finasteride and clinical improvement in AGA patients. Conclusion: Counting of GGC sequence in the gene encoding the androgen receptor is associated with an increase in odds of baldness and a decrease in the response rate to finasteride in AGA patients.
Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with first-attack acute rheumatic fever following the updated guideline

Aim: To evaluate the clinical features of children diagnosed as having acute rheumatic fever between June 2015 and November 2018, and the changes observed in patient groups in comparison with data obtained in previous years. The diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever was made using the updated Jones criteria. Material and Methods: The medical records of pediatric patients who were diagnosed as having acute rheumatic fever between June 2015 and November 2018 using the updated criteria, were examined retrospectively. The data of a previous study that used the old criteria were reorganized and the two groups were compared. Results: A total of consecutive 50 patients [22 males (44%)] who presented in the study period and were diagnosed as having first-attack acute rheumatic fever, were included in our study. Carditis was found in 42 (84%) patients. Manifest carditis was found in 24 patients and silent carditis was found in 18 patients. Joint involvement was present in 34 (68%) patients. Accompanying carditis was present in all 14 patients (28%) who were found to have chorea. Erythema marginatum and subcutaneous nodules were not found in our patients. When evaluated in terms of the updated criteria, a diagnosis of rheumatic fever was made with silent carditis+polyarthralgia in two patients, with silent carditis+monoarthritis in two patients, with polyarthralgia in four patients, and with monoarhtritis in one patient in our study. A diagnosis could be made by means of the updated criteria in a total of 9 (18%) patients. When compared with the previous study, an increase in the rate of silent carditis (from 21.8% to 36%) and a reduction in the rate of total carditis (from 92% to 84%) were found. Conclusion: Our results show that the updated Jones criteria prevent under diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in an important number of patients.
Calibration of a Ground-Based Array Radar for Tomographic Imaging of Natural Media

Ground-based tomographic radar measurements provide valuable knowledge about the electromagnetic scattering mechanisms and temporal variations of an observed scene and are essential in preparation for space-borne tomographic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) missions. Due to the short range between the radar antennas and a scene being observed, the tomographic radar observations are affected by several systematic errors. This article deals with the modelling and calibration of three systematic errors: mutual antenna coupling, magnitude and phase errors and the pixel-variant impulse response of the tomographic image. These errors must be compensated for so that the tomographic images represent an undistorted rendering of the scene reflectivity. New calibration methods were described, modelled and validated using experimental data. The proposed methods will be useful for future ground-based tomographic radar experiments in preparation for space-borne SAR missions.
Gratitude and suicide risk among college students: Substantiating the protective benefits of being thankful

Abstract Objective Gratitude, or thankfulness for positive aspects of life, is related to psychosocial well-being and decreased psychopathology, and may reduce suicide risk. We explored four potential hypotheses purported to explain the beneficial outcomes of gratitude (schematic, positive affect, broaden-and-build, and coping), hypothesizing that hopelessness (schematic), depression (positive affect), social support (broaden-and-build), and substance use (coping) would mediate the gratitude-suicide linkage. Participants: 913 undergraduate students from a mid-size, southeastern U.S. university. Methods: Respondents completed online self-report questionnaires including the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, Gratitude Questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Duke Social Support Index, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Drug Abuse Screening Test. Results: Supporting theory and hypotheses, gratitude was related to less suicide risk via beneficial associations with hopelessness, depression, social support, and substance misuse. Conclusions: The linkage between gratitude and suicide risk appears to be predicated on the beneficial association of gratitude to negative mood and interpersonal functioning.
Unifying Deep Local and Global Features for Efficient Image Search

A key challenge in large-scale image retrieval problems is the trade-off between scalability and accuracy. Recent research has made great strides to improve scalability with compact global image features, and accuracy with local image features. In this work, our main contribution is to unify global and local image features into a single deep model, enabling scalable retrieval with high accuracy. We refer to the new model as DELG, standing for DEep Local and Global features. We leverage lessons from recent feature learning work and propose a model that combines generalized mean pooling for global features and attentive selection for local features. The entire network can be learned end-to-end by carefully balancing the gradient flow between two heads -- requiring only image-level labels. We also introduce an autoencoder-based dimensionality reduction technique for local features, which is integrated into the model, improving training efficiency and matching performance. Experiments on the Revisited Oxford and Paris datasets demonstrate that our jointly learned ResNet-50 based features outperform all previous results using deep global features (most with heavier backbones) and those that further re-rank with local features. Code and models will be released.
p16INK4a and Ki-67 measurement predict progression of cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

OBJECTIVE To describe the natural history of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (LSIL/CIN1), and to analyze the predictive values of p16INK4a and Ki-67 for LSIL/CIN1 progression. METHODS From January 2013 to January 2016, 264 patients were diagnosed with CIN1 by colposcopy-assisted biopsy and were followed up at 1-year intervals at Peking University People's Hospital. We measured expression levels of biomarkers p16INK4a and Ki67 to predict progression, persistence, or regression of the disease. We used chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis to explore the relationships among LSIL/CIN1 progression, p16INK4a/Ki-67 expression, and patient age. RESULTS Among 264 patients with LSIL/CIN1, p16INK4a, Ki-67 expression and patient age > 30 years old were significantly associated with progression. Univariate analysis showed that age was not a risk factor for progression (P > 0.05) but that p16INK4a and Ki-67 expression were significantly associated with the progression (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that p16INK4a-positivity and high expression of Ki-67 protein were associated with LSIL/CIN1 progression, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 10.95 (3.04-39.53), and 9.7 (2.77-34.03), respectively. CONCLUSION p16INK4a-positivity and high expression of Ki-67correlated with LSIL/CIN1 progression. These markers may be independent predictors of LSIL/CIN1 progression.
Associations between Facial Emotion Recognition and Mental Health in Early Adolescence

Research shows that adolescents with mental illnesses have a bias for processing negative facial emotions, and this may play a role in impaired social functioning that often co-exists with a mental health diagnosis. This study examined associations between psychological and somatic problems and facial emotion recognition in early adolescence; as any processing biases in this age-group may be an early indicator of later mental illnesses. A community sample of 40 12-year-olds self-rated their symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization via two mental health screeners. They also completed a computerized emotion recognition task in which they identified photographs of 40 faces showing expressions of anger, fear, sadness, happiness, or neutral expression. Results showed that increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatization were significantly associated with fewer correct responses to angry expressions. These symptoms were also associated with faster and more accurate recognition of fearful expressions. However, there was no association between mental health and recognition of sad affect. Finally, increased psychological and/or somatic symptomology was also associated with better identification of neutral expressions. In conclusion, youth with increased psychological and/or somatic problems exhibited a processing bias for negative anger and fear expressions, but not sadness. They showed better processing of neutral faces than youth with fewer psychological and/or somatic problems. Findings are discussed in relation to indicators of mental illnesses in early adolescence and the potential underpinning neural mechanisms associated with mental health and emotional facial recognition.
Botulinum Neurotoxins and Cancer—A Review of the Literature

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) possess an analgesic effect through several mechanisms including an inhibition of acetylcholine release from the neuromuscular junction as well as an inhibition of specific pain transmitters and mediators. Animal studies have shown that a peripheral injection of BoNTs impairs the release of major pain transmitters such as substance P, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and glutamate from peripheral nerve endings as well as peripheral and central neurons (dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord). These effects lead to pain relief via the reduction of peripheral and central sensitization both of which reflect important mechanisms of pain chronicity. This review provides updated information about the effect of botulinum toxin injection on local pain caused by cancer, painful muscle spasms from a remote cancer, and pain at the site of cancer surgery and radiation. The data from the literature suggests that the local injection of BoNTs improves muscle spasms caused by cancerous mass lesions and alleviates the post-operative neuropathic pain at the site of surgery and radiation. It also helps repair the parotid damage (fistula, sialocele) caused by facial surgery and radiation and improves post-parotidectomy gustatory hyperhidrosis. The limited literature that suggests adding botulinum toxins to cell culture slows/halts the growth of certain cancer cells is also reviewed and discussed.
Prioritarian principles for digital health in low resource settings

This theoretical paper argues for prioritarianism as an ethical underpinning for digital health in contexts of extreme disadvantage. In support of this claim, the paper develops three prioritarian principles for making ethical decisions for digital health programme design, grounded in the normative position that the greater the need (of the marginalised), the stronger the moral claim. The principles are positioned as an alternative view to the prevailing utilitarian approach to digital health, which the paper argues is not sufficient to address the needs of the worst off. As researchers of digital health, we must ensure that the most globally marginalised are not overlooked by overtly technocentric implementation practices. Consequently, the paper concludes by advocating for use of the three principles to support stronger critical reflection on the ethics involved in the design and implementation of digital health programmes.