Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant responses to species removal and experimental warming in Alaskan tussock tundra

We manipulated air temperature and the presence of the seven dominant plant species in Alaskan tussock tundra and measured shoot growth, branching, aboveground biomass, and reproduction of the remaining plant species. Warming stimulated shoot growth of the dominant sedges and shrubs after one and two years of manipulation and total leaf biomass of the dominant shrubs after three years. Warming decreased aboveground biomass of Eriophorum vaginatum, Cassiope tetragona and most non-vascular species. Warming also reduced total reproductive output of two of three species measured. Removal of single species had no effect on shoot growth of the remaining species. However, total aboveground biomass and reproduction of Ledum palustre increased with removal of other shrub species, suggesting that competition limits biomass accumulation in L. palustre. Sphagnum removal increased the aboveground biomass of Betula nana. The higher frequency of significant warming versus species removal effects on plant growth and biomass suggests that direct limitation by environmental conditions is more important than limitation by species interactions in tussock tundra. Furthermore, we found no significant interactions between warming and species removal, suggesting that increased temperature per se will not alter the intensity of species interactions. When combined with knowledge of dispersal abilities and controls over establishment, extrapolation of species responses to environmental manipulation may thus allow us to predict effects of climate change on community composition.
Krill off Bouvetöya and in the southern Weddell Sea with a description of larval stages of Euphausia crystallorophias

Abstract In the austral summer 1978/79 samples of krill were taken off Bouvetoya and in the southern Weddell Sea. Off Bouvetoya Euphausia superba Dana was the dominant species, but the population pattern indicates that the individuals found there were expatriates from other areas. For the first time larvae of E. superba were found in significant amounts in the southern Weddell Sea. Except from shallow water and the most southern position, they were equal in abundance to the larvae of E. crystallorophias Holt & Tattersall. Larval stages of the latter are described as is the successive spawning that takes place among the three species of krill found in the southern Weddell Sea.
Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the world

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The Effects of Various Foods and Temperatures on Sexual Maturity of the Drone Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)

A study of sexual maturity of the drone honey bee was made to learn reasons for differences in maturity among drones of equal age. Maturity of the drones was judged by the number of spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles and vasa deferentia as determined by an improved counting technique. At 93° F. , drones caged without worker bees attained maturity at about the same rate and to the same level as those allowed free flight or caged in a nursery colony. Drone maturity was retarded slightly at 88° F. and seriously at 83° F. At the highest temperature the drones matured normally when fed honey syrup containing pollen or royal jelly (4 percent by weight) or on plain syrup. The retarding effect of the 83° temperature appeared to be offset in part by the presence of royal jelly in the diet.
THE EFFECT OF FEEDING OF BACTERIAL PROBIOTIC IN MILK OR STARTER ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEALTH, BLOOD AND RUMEN PARAMETERS OF SUCKLING CALVES

In present study 30 female Holstein calves with average 40.4 kg birth weight were used from 14 until 65 days of age. Calves randomly divided to 3 treatments include: 1) bacterial probiotic (4×10 cfu/day) added to the starter 2) bacterial probiotic added to the milk replacer 3) Control, without microbial additive. Dry matter intake, Body weight gain, average daily gain feed efficiency, BUN and total plasma protein were not affected by treatments. Mean plasma glucose, fecal score and health status were affected by treatments. Apparent digestibility of DM, NDF and OM also pH and N-NH3 concentration of rumen fluid between diets were not significant discrepancy. This study showed that addition of bacterial probiotic in starter decrease glucose concentration, addition bacterial probiotic in milk increase blood albumin and addition bacterial probiotic in starter or milk replacer improved health status and decrease fecal
Multi‐site Investigation of Genetic Determinants of Warfarin Dose Variability in Latinos

We conducted a multi‐site investigation of genetic determinants of warfarin dose variability in Latinos from the U.S. and Brazil. Patients from four institutions in the United States (n = 411) and Brazil (n = 663) were genotyped for VKORC1 c. ‐1639G> A, common CYP2C9 variants, CYP4F2*3, and NQO1*2. Multiple regression analysis was used in the U.S. cohort to test the association between warfarin dose and genotype, adjusting for clinical factors, with further testing in an independent cohort of Brazilians. In the U.S. cohort, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants were associated with lower warfarin dose (β = −0.29, P < 2.0 × 10−16; β = −0.21, P = 4.7 × 10−7, respectively) whereas CYP4F2 and NQO1 variants were associated with higher dose (β = 0.10, P = 2 × 10−4; β = 0.10, P = 0.01, respectively). Associations with VKORC1 (β = −0.14, P = 2.0 × 10−16), CYP2C9 (β = −0.07, P = 5.6 × 10−10), and CYP4F2 (β = 0.03, P = 3 × 10−3), but not NQO1*2 (β = 0.01, P = 0.30), were replicated in the Brazilians, explaining 43–46% of warfarin dose variability among the cohorts from the U.S. and Brazil, respectively. We identified genetic associations with warfarin dose requirements in the largest cohort of ancestrally diverse, warfarin‐treated Latinos from the United States and Brazil to date. We confirmed the association of variants in VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 with warfarin dose in Latinos from the United States and Brazil.
Early-life Health as a Lifelong Precursor of Self-Related Views of Aging in Later Life

Abstract Objectives Age stereotypes and expectations about one’s own aging commence in childhood but most research focuses on predictive associations with midlife health behaviors, later-life chronic conditions, biomarkers, and longevity. Surprisingly little is known about the role of poor childhood health in these associations. This study aims to fill this gap. Methods Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS: N = 5,773, aged 50–98), we investigated whether diagnosed chronic illness before age 16 and self-rated childhood health predict late-life self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and proportional subjective age discrepancy (PSAD). We conducted multivariate multiple regression analysis (MMRA) to determine the joint and partial effects of the two indicators of childhood health. Models included controls for childhood family financial status as well as late-life self-rated health, chronic illnesses, memory status, and demographic covariates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, socioeconomic status) in 2016. Results Over and above all covariates and the covariation of the two views of one’s own aging, the MMRA models revealed that the number of childhood chronic illnesses predicted SPA but not for PSAD. Self-rated childhood health predicted both SPA and PSAD in the unadjusted models, but not in the adjusted models. Discussion This study provides new insight into potential early-life precursors of self-evaluations of aging. In particular, childhood diagnoses of chronic illness enhance negative SPA up to 50 years later. Non-normative experiences related to poor health in childhood are lifelong foundations for socioeconomic status, health, and for self-related beliefs about age and aging.
Enterococcal PrgA extends far outside the cell and provides surface exclusion to protect against unwanted conjugation

Horizontal gene transfer between Gram-positive bacteria leads to a rapid spread of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. This transfer is often facilitated via Type 4 Secretion Systems (T4SS), which frequently are encoded on conjugative plasmids. However, donor cells that already contain a particular conjugative plasmid resist acquisition of a 2nd copy of said plasmid. They utilize different mechanisms, including surface exclusion for this purpose. Enterococcus faecalis PrgA, encoded by the conjugative plasmid pCF10, is a surface protein that has been implicated to play a role in both virulence and surface exclusion, but the mechanism by which this is achieved has not been fully explained. Here, we report the structure of full-length PrgA, which shows that PrgA protrudes far out from the cell wall (approximately 40 nm), where it presents a protease domain. In vivo experiments show that PrgA provides a physical barrier to cellular adhesion, thereby reducing cellular aggregation. This function of PrgA contributes to surface exclusion, reducing the uptake of its cognate plasmid by approximately one order of magnitude. Using variants of PrgA with mutations in the catalytic site we show that the surface exclusion effect is dependent on the activity of the protease domain of PrgA. In silico analysis suggest that PrgA can interact with another enterococcal adhesin, PrgB, and that these two proteins have co-evolved. PrgB is a strong virulence factor, and PrgA is involved in post-translational processing of PrgB. Finally, competition mating experiments show that PrgA provides a significant fitness advantage to plasmid-carrying cells.
Rules for Retinotectal Terminal Arborizations in the Goldfish Optic Tectum: A Whole-Mount Study

Retinal axons were labeled in the retina and optic nerve with horseradish peroxidase and traced in tectal whole-mounts. The typical network formed by retinal fibers in the five retinorecipient layers of tectum is illustrated in camera lucida drawings. Three size classes of terminal arbors were identified in the Stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS)-ca. 34 x 52, ca. 103 x 150, and ca. 158 x 274 pm. Terminal arbors are flattened and occupy three sublayers of SFGS. Passing an HRP-coated needle through the optic nerve labeled ganglion cells in retina and axons and terminal arbors in tectum. Terminal arbors of axons that originated in retinal annuli lay in distinct annular regions in SFGS, with old generations from central retina lying central to younger generations from peripheral retina. The tectal annuli were concentric with one another and agreed with the retinotopic map as it had been described before. The youngest terminal arbors from peripheral retina were next to the path of their fascicle along the tectal periphery, connected to their fascicle by short, centrally directed extrafascicular axons. The oldest terminal arbors from central retina were caudally displaced from their rostra1 fascicle of entrance, at the end of long, caudally directed extrafascicular axons. Terminal arbors from intermediate retina occupied intermediate positions in the tectum. Rostrally, they arose from centrocaudally directed extrafascicular axons but caudally from axons of various orientations. Terminal arbors arising from those extrafascicular axons exhibited different orientations and shapes depending on their tectal position. The spatial order of intratectal paths and terminal arbor sites, and the variability of terminal arbor orientation and shape, are consistent with an earlier model on shifting retinotectal terminals (Easter and Stuermer, '84).
Interference to Hardwood Regeneration in Northeastern North America: The Effects of Raspberries (Rubus spp.) Following Clearcutting and Shelterwood Methods

Rubus often becomes the most prominent vegetation within 2-3 years following heavy overstory disturbances at mesic sites within temperate forests of northeastern North America. This review draws together available literature about its dynamics and effects, focusing primarily on raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis Porter). It covers some key ecologic functions of raspber- ries related to nutrient leaching, microclimate near the ground, and organic matter decomposition. It also summarizes published information about the potential interference with desirable tree regeneration at northern hardwood sites within the region. The review concentrates on raspberry (Rubus spp.) dynamics and effects following clearcutting, shelterwood method, and other heavy overstory disturbances. Findings indicate that raspberries commonly develop into a dense cover after cutting and other overstory disturbances reduce the stocking of northern hardwood stands by 40% or more. Ecologically, they shade the ground, intercept and transpire water, and reduce the rate of litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, all of which reduce leaching from a site. On poorly drained, droughty, and shallow soils, raspberries have reportedly delayed the development of hardwood regeneration. However, by 5-7 years, rapidly developing hardwood species have normally grown through the Rubus at most other sites, and the emerging tree community has formed a closed canopy by 10-15 years. The presence of abundant, well-developed, and well-distributed advance tree regeneration ensures prompt restocking of new hardwoods, seems to minimize the potential for interference by raspberries, and precludes any need to release the tree seedlings from a raspberry cover. North. J. Appl. For. 23(4):288-296.
TRANSITION ON SWEPT WINGS

Crossflow-dominated swept-wing transition represents both a fundamentally challenging and a technologically important research problem. The nature of the crossflow instability is such that the boundary-layer flow is subject to strongly nonlinear behavior very early in its evolution. Because of this, it has resisted treatment by linear methods, including eN , and therefore, predicting the transition location for even the simplest configurations is not possible at present. This is in spite of the fact that a very complete understanding of the primary crossflow instability has been developed and exceptionally good agreement between experiments and computations has been obtained. What is lacking is a detailed description of the breakdown phenomenon in the final stages of transition. It is thought that breakdown is caused by the growth of a high-frequency secondary instability. Although there is growing evidence that this is the case, there is still little experimental data. It is the objective of the current work to provide such data on the behavior of the breakdown region. This data, coupled with the existing primary instability model, will be another step towards a complete transition prediction method for swept-wing transition.
Resistance of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica to bactericidal action of fish serum

Resistance of an eel pathogen Pseudomonas anguilliseptica to bactericidal action of fish sera was compared between K antigen-possessing (K+) and -lacking (K-) strains in connection with their pathogenicity. The K+ strain displayed high resistance to the bactericidal action of Japanese eel, European eel, and bluegill sera, but not to carp, goldfish, rainbow trout, or tilapia sera, whereas the Kstrain was highly sensitive to all sera. The pathogenicity tests proved that the former three species were susceptible to the virulent K+ strain, but the latter four were not. Thus, the K antigen-related resistance to serum-killing corresponded with the pathogenicity of the organism. The bactericidal activity of fish serum was more effective at 28•Ž than at 20•Ž, and was lost by heat-treatment at 50•Ž for 30min.
The role of Arctic sea ice loss in projected polar vortex changes

The Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) plays a key role for mid-latitude weather and climate. However, in what way the SPV will respond to global warming is not clear, with climate models disagreeing on the sign and magnitude of projected SPV strength change. Here we address the role of Barents and Kara (BK) sea ice loss in this. We provide evidence for a non-linear response of the SPV to global mean temperature change, dependent on the time the BK Seas become icefree. Using a causal network approach, we demonstrate that climate models show some partial support for the previously proposed 10 link between low BK sea ice in autumn and a weakened winter SPV, but that this effect is plausibly very small relative to internal variability. Yet, given the expected dramatic decrease of sea ice in the future, a small causal effect can explain all of the projected ensemble-mean SPV weakening, approximately one-half of the ensemble spread at the middle of the 21st century, and one-third of the spread at the end of the century. Finally, we note that most models have unrealistic amounts of BK sea ice, meaning that their SPV response to ice loss is unrealistic. Bias-adjusting for this effect leads to pronounced differences in SPV response of 15 individual models at both ends of the spectrum, but has no strong consequences for the overall ensemble mean and spread. Overall, our results indicate the importance of exploring all plausible implications of a changing Arctic for regional climate risk assessments.
Conservative averaging method for solving some nonlinear heat transfer problems related to combustion

In the paper we consider some nonlinear heat transfer problems related to combustion. At first, the coincidence of the exact solution of the studied boundary value problem with the approximate solution – the designed exponential type spline function is proved. The second problem under question is the combustion process with Arrhenius kinetics using single step chemical reactions. The exothermic chemical reactions are modelled by single step of fuel and oxidant, at the inlet the constant axial velocity is given. Numerical solution with Matlab routines “pdepe” and exponential type spline function are obtained. Some numerical and experimental results are given. As a practical example of solving a nonlinear system of the parabolic type of PDE the calculation of temperature and moisture in the wood sample in its burning process is considered. The profiles of temperature and moisture depending on time in the different places of wood sample are obtained.
Ré-entraîner ou entraîner soi-même ? Stratégies de pré-entraînement de BERT en domaine médical (Re-train or train from scratch ? Pre-training strategies for BERT in the medical domain )

RÉSUMÉ Les modèles BERT employés en domaine spécialisé semblent tous découler d’une stratégie assez simple : utiliser le modèle BERT originel comme initialisation puis poursuivre l’entraînement de celuici sur un corpus spécialisé. Il est clair que cette approche aboutit à des modèles plutôt performants (e.g. BioBERT (Lee et al., 2020), SciBERT (Beltagy et al., 2019), BlueBERT (Peng et al., 2019)). Cependant, il paraît raisonnable de penser qu’entraîner un modèle directement sur un corpus spécialisé, en employant un vocabulaire spécialisé, puisse aboutir à des plongements mieux adaptés au domaine et donc faire progresser les performances. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, nous entraînons des modèles BERT à partir de zéro en testant différentes configurations mêlant corpus généraux et corpus médicaux et biomédicaux. Sur la base d’évaluations menées sur quatre tâches différentes, nous constatons que le corpus de départ influence peu la performance d’un modèle BERT lorsque celui-ci est ré-entraîné sur un corpus médical.
Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through March 2020

Abstract. We present a 1986 through March 2020 estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet ice discharge. Our data include all discharging ice that flows faster than 100 m yr−1 and are generated through an automatic and adaptable method, as opposed to conventional handpicked gates. We position gates near the present-year termini and estimate problematic bed topography (ice thickness) values where necessary. In addition to using annual time-varying ice thickness, our time series uses velocity maps that begin with sparse spatial and temporal coverage and end with near-complete spatial coverage and 12 d updates to velocity. The 2010 through 2019 average ice discharge through the flux gates is ∼487±49 Gt yr−1. The 10 % uncertainty stems primarily from uncertain ice bed location (ice thickness). We attribute the ∼50 Gt yr−1 differences among our results and previous studies to our use of updated bed topography from BedMachine v3. Discharge is approximately steady from 1986 to 2000, increases sharply from 2000 to 2005, and then is approximately steady again. However, regional and glacier variability is more pronounced, with recent decreases at most major glaciers and in all but one region offset by increases in the northwest region through 2017 and in the southeast from 2017 through March 2020. As part of the journal's living archive option and our goal to make an operational product, all input data, code, and results from this study will be updated as needed (when new input data are available, as new features are added, or to fix bugs) and made available at https://doi.org/10.22008/promice/data/ice_discharge (Mankoff, 2020a) and at https://github.com/mankoff/ice_discharge (last access: 6 June 2020, Mankoff, 2020e).
Discovery of temporal patterns from multivariate time series data to support the classification of dementia profiles

Data Mining has been used in the Medical field as an auxiliary method to support diagnostics and prognostics. However, the current methods are limited in their ability to deal with the high multivariate order and inherent temporal nature of biomedical data. The present work aims to study the role of discriminative temporal patterns in the classification of Multivariate Time Series (MTS) data with the aim of diagnosing the different phases of the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). To this end, we use data extracted from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), clinical trial data for the prevention and treatment of AD. In this context, this work analysis heterogeneous data sources from the ADNI database obtained along periodic assessments, including biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid indicators, neuropsychological tests and features extracted from structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In the proposed study, we apply different techniques, including triclustering and associative classification for the analysis of multivariate time series data derived from ADNI. Gathered results outperformed the implemented baselines approaches, highlighting the importance of using discriminative temporal patterns in associative MTS classifiers, and in particular, offer empirical evidence that confirms their role in supporting clinical diagnostics.
SOME RESULTS ON CLESS LATTICES

We introduce the concept of a CLESS lattice which is a generalization of the concept of an extending lattice (or a CS lattice). We study relationship between various generalizations of the concept of an extending lattice namely, CLS lattice, CLESS lattice and CESS lattice. We also prove that, if a, b are direct summands of 1 which are CLESS elements then 1 is a CLESS element.