Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Learners’ Motivation and Interest in the EFL Classroom

The present study investigated the attitudes of EFL students towards the idea of motivation and some influences that enhance their motivation in the EFL context. 71 EFL students from the English Department at Hebron University in Palestine participated in the study and completed a 25-item questionnaire. In addition, interviews were held with five EFL instructors from Hebron University to see what motivational strategies they use in EFL classrooms. Also, they were asked to give their opinions regarding different motivational aspects. The results indicated that the students are intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to learn English. Moreover, there was a general agreement between the motivational methods that the teachers use and the preferences of their students. Besides, the students indicated that some boring educational methods should be omitted and replaced by other motivational ones which have matched some of the teachers' opinions regarding that some changes in the curriculum and the way of teaching should be taken into consideration.
Effect of Lifestyle Modifications on Reliving Menstrual Dysfunction among Women Suffered from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex heterogeneous endocrine disorder associated with reproductive morbidity, including menstrual dysfunction and infertility. A quasi experimental intervention study aimed at assessing the effect of lifestyle modification counseling on menstrual dysfunction. The study was conducted in outpatient gynecological/infertility clinic at Ain Shams Maternity University hospital. Purposive sample of 86 cases were enrolled, inclusive criteria; Women medically diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome, reproductive age (18-40yrs), Married Women, overweight & obese women and women with menstrual dysfunction. Tools used for data collection consisted of Arabic Structured Interviewing questionnaire, Two Arabic Weekly logs to record regularity of diet & exercise, Woman's follow up card to record measures changes pre/post intervention. Results revealed that there is a significant improvement in menstrual function and highly significant in weight loss, waist and hip ratio and hip waist circumference. In conclusion present study drew attention to critical point that lifestyle modification with weight loss leads to improve hormonal profile, which restores ovulation resulting in improving menstrual function & relieving PCOs symptoms. The study recommended detect center for PCOs cases inside infertility/gynecological clinics to ensure lifestyle modification, Future research should focus on the optimal dietary strategies and exercise regimens for PCOs treatment and the relative efficacy and appropriate use of lifestyle management versus anti-obesity pharmacologic agents and surgery, study brochure dissemination in gynecological and infertility clinics to increase women awareness about menstrual dysfunction and lifestyle modification. The results of this study support the hypothesis that it is possible to improve menstrual function and fertility in overweight/obese women with PCOS. By using a lifestyle program that sets realistic weight loss and exercise goals, subjects were able to sustain an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism over a 6month period and hence improve their likelihood of pregnancy 15 cases out of 86 enrolled cases, some of them has got pregnant and the majority difficult to contact due to changes the cell phone. Following the 6 month intervention, the instruction done at the present study showed direct positive effect on women menstrual & reproductive features. The regularity of the menstrual cycle over the time-course of the study show significant improvements in menstrual frequency and significant reduction in menstrual problems this related to improvement in ovulation leads to improved menstrual function. women seeking pregnancy highly motivated, a for menstrual dysfunction PCOs patients. resumption of ovulation within that a reduction in body mass restores ovulation and Genes steroid backdoor pathway for synthesis polycystic
Factors associated with hospital Triage decision making from the viewpoints of emergency nurses

Background and purpose: In triage decision-making process, in addition to patient other factors such as knowledge and clinical skills of triage nurses, environment and also equipment have a major role. Ultimately through the effect of these factors triage nurse achieve maximum assurance about the accuracy of your decision making. This study aimed to determine the most important factors associated with hospital triage decision making from the viewpoint of emergency nurses. Materials and Methods: In this analytic–cross sectional study 291 nurses working in emergency departments were selected by convenience sampling method.for data collection a questionnaire was used that assessed personalized job information, personnel factors and non-personnel factors related to ward and patient. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 and descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Friedman and Bonferroni methods. Results: An exploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors including equipment, triage nurses’ location and responsibilities assigned to the triage nurse with 13 items. These 3 factors explained 60/90% of the variance of the questionnaire with Cronbach's Alpha 0.74. Friedman and Bonferroni tests also identified in personnel factors "experience", in non- personnel factors related to ward "unit crowdedness, shortage of nurses in each shift and work volume" and in non- personnel factors related to patient "pain, vital signs and type of injury respectively "as the most important factors. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that improvement of the management and physical structure of emergency departments, the use of experienced and trusted staff on triage, as well as the allocation of resources for the improvement of triage activities should be highlighted.
CONVERGENCE OF SEQUENTIAL MONTE CARLO-BASED SAMPLING METHODS

Originally designed for state-space models, Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods are now routinely applied in the context of general-purpose Bayesian inference. Traditional analyses of SMC algorithms have focused on their application to estimating expectations with respect to intractable distri- butions such as those arising in Bayesian analysis. However, these algorithms can also be used to obtain approximate samples from a posterior distribution of interest. We investigate the asymptotic and non-asymptotic convergence rates of SMC from this sampling viewpoint. In particular, we study the ex- pectation of the particle approximation that SMC produces as the number of particles tends to innity. This \expected approximation" is equivalent to the law of a sample drawn from the SMC approximation. We give convergence rates of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the target and the expected approximation. Our results apply to both deterministic and adaptive resam- pling schemes. In the adaptive setting, we introduce a novel notion of eective sample size, the 1-ESS, and show that controlling this quantity ensures sta- bility of the SMC sampling algorithm. We also introduce an adaptive version of the conditional SMC proposal, which allows us to prove quantitative bounds for rates of convergence for adaptive versions of iterated conditional sequential Monte Carlo Markov chains and associated adaptive particle Gibbs samplers.
Population Based Routing in LEO Satellite Networks

—Packet switching in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite network may calculate the best trafﬁc route through the less populated areas of the planet, in order to avoid relaying through the busiest satellites. A number of ideas for route calculation in a LEO system have been evaluated and the performance results are presented. This paper reports from ongoing research on Space Information Networks (SIN) with the purpose to offer application services in a LEO satellite network to mobile users. The conclusion is that route calculation based on population density gives a moderate, but signiﬁcant improvement in resource utilization.
SHAPE EFFECTS ON DRAG

It is well known that an objects shape plays a critical role in the drag produced while subjected to a free stream ﬂow. This experiment was conducted to become more familiar with the effects an object’ shape has on drag. Utilizing a single component balance in a subsonic windtunnel, testing was conducted at different ﬂow speeds to measure corresponding drag forces. The four objects were subjected to free stream velocities ranging from 11 ms to 22 ms with drag forces measurements ranging from 0 . 6 N to 1 . 7 N. When each object was subjected to the maximum ﬂow velocity condition ( 22 ms ) Objects 1, possessing the largest projected area, exhibited a drag force 2 times greater than that of the most ”aerodynamically” shaped object, Object 6. The coefﬁcient of drag and Reynolds numbers were calculated for each object. Object 3 had the largest coefﬁcient of drag values with a maximum value of 4.76. Reynolds numbers were similar for all three objects and ranged from 2 × 10 4 to 4 × 10 4 . When coefﬁcient of drag was plotted against the Reynolds numbers for each object a similarity between curves was found. The three most aerodynamic objects 4 , 5 , and 6 had the most similar drag curves.
Effect of planting dates and varieties on seed yielding attributes of onion ( Allium cepa Linn.) under west central table land zone of Odisha

Odisha produces about 419.09 thousand MT of onion from an area of 34.92 thousand hectares with a productivity of 120q/ha. Out of thirty districts, the major onion producing districts of Odisha are Kalahandi, Bolangir, Bargarh, Nuapada, Sambalpur, Ganjam, Angul, Deogarh and Boudh that comes under west central table land zone. Despite increase in areas, the productivity of onion is much lower due to limited availability of quality seeds in inadequate quantities suitable to locality and associated production technologies used, among the farmers. India needs around 9400 tons of onion seed annually for covering 14.30 lakh hectares area. Besides selection of suitable varieties, appropriate time of planting is also one of the important factors, which influences the growth, yield and quality of crop and thereby influencing seed yield. So, planting at different times is considered to test the suitable dates for quality seed production. Hence, the present investigation was taken up during the late kharif season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 in the experimental plot of College of Horticulture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Sambalpur, Odisha to find out suitable time of planting and varieties in split plot design for production of quality seeds with good seed yielding attributes. Onion planting on 25 th September showed better performance with respect to seed yield attributing characters such as number of seed stalks per plant (3.05), length of scape (66.11 cm), diameter of scape (1.41 cm), diameter of umbel (5.35 cm), height of umbel (4.09 cm) etc. and was statistically superior to other treatments. The seed yield attributing characters helped to increase the total seed yield to 249.43 kg/ha at 25 th September planting. Among the onion varieties Arka Niketan was significantly superior than other varieties tested and performed well with respect to seed yield attributing characters like, number of seed stalks per plant (3.18), diameter of umbel (4.59 cm), Days to seed maturity after bolting (61.17) etc. and gave the highest total seed yield of 214.7 kg/ha.
Does Choice and Competition in Public Services Improve the Performance of Non-Altruistic Providers, but Worsen the Performance of Altruistic Providers? ∗

In an inﬂuential application of David Hume’s famous proposition that “in contriving any system of government, every man ought to be supposed a knave”, Julian Le Grand argues that providing public services using markets, choice and competition can help to align the behaviour of ‘knavish’ (self-interested, lazy, avaricious, time-serving) providers with that of ‘knightly’ (altruistic, public-service-motivated) ones. Studying the English National Health Service (NHS) during the 2000s, using measures of public hospital altruism drawn from the NHS Staﬀ Survey, we provide evidence that, while competition can indeed improve the behaviour of ‘knaves’, it may worsen the behaviour of ‘knights’. We obtain this evidence by estimating the diﬀerential eﬀect, by hospital altruism level, of a major competition-promoting reform in which patients were allowed to choose which hospital they attended for elective surgery, on clinical quality as captured by mortality from acute myocardial infarction. Our estimates indicate that non-altruistic hospitals responded to competition by improving care quality, but that the response of altruistic hospitals was attenuated and – more tentatively – perhaps even negative. These ﬁndings are consistent with predictions from economic theory that, when prices are ﬁxed, hospital competition will lead to care quality improvements when hospitals are not altruistic, but will have more ambiguous eﬀects – including possibly negative eﬀects – on altruistic hospitals. We argue that our ﬁndings highlight a lacuna in popular theories of public services reform, and conclude by discussing implications for future reform eﬀorts.
DETERMINANTS OF ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER CASSAVA FARMERS IN IMO STATE, SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

The study analyzed the determinants of allocative efficiency of smallholder cassava farmers in Ohaji-Egbema Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the costs and returns from cassava production, estimate the allocative efficiencies of smallholder cassava and estimate the determinants of allocative efficiency of smallholder farmers in the study area. Primary data used were collected by means of a set of structured questionnaire administered to 60 respondents who were selected using dual stage random sampling. Data analysis was done using simple descriptive statistics and other appropriate statistical and econometric tools. The results showed that there were equal number of males and females among the farmers with majority of them being young and energetic, having some level of formal education and fairly large household sizes. The farmers made and aggregate return of N21979156 from their farms; average allocative efficiency was 56% while the maximum and minimum allocative efficiencies was 92% and 48% respectively. Allocative efficiency was positively influenced by household size, educational level, farm size and experience and negatively influenced by fixed cost of production. The study recommended the development of a more proactive extension service to meet the need of the entire farming household. It advocated that measures be taken by the government to reduce the rent charge on land and interest charged on loans obtained by the farmers.
COMPRESSION PROPERTIES OF METAL BEETLE ELYTRON PLATES AND EXPLORATION OF THE ELEMENTARY UNIT IN THE CORE STRUCTURE

This paper investigates the mechanical properties of metal beetle elytron plates (BEPs, a type of bionic sandwich structure) and the elementary unit of the trabecular-honeycomb core structure by compression experiments. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) after reaching the compressive strength, the stress-strain curve of the BEP contains a yield plateau that advantageously exploits the material properties of metal and its plastic deformation capacity; 2) the elementary unit of the core structure in BEPs is proposed explicitly based on the trabecular characteristic; and 3) this elementary unit remains relatively unchanged on the constraint condition of the trabecular structure and has high independence and stability when placed under out-of-plane compression. Thus, the yield plateau and variation tendency of the compressive strength after buckling of this elementary unit are highly consistent with the compressive properties of the entire structure, which provides the basis for further research on the equivalent parameters and equivalent model of the BEP and its trabecular-honeycomb core structure.
Empirical Evaluation of Adaptive Optimization on the Generalization Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks

: Recently, deep learning based techniques have garnered significant interest and popularity in a variety of fields of research due to their effectiveness in search for an optimal solution given a finite amount of data. However, the optimization of these networks has become more challenging as neural networks become deeper and datasets growing larger. The choice of the algorithm to optimize a neural network is one of the most important steps in model design and training in order to obtain a model that will generalize well on new, previously unseen data. In deep learning, adaptive gradient optimization methods are mostly preferred for supervised and unsupervised tasks. First, they accelerate the training of neural networks and since mini batches are selected randomly and are independent, an unbiased estimate of the expected gradient can be computed. This paper examined six state-of-the-art adaptive gradient optimization algorithms, namely, AdaMax, AdaGrad, AdaDelta, RMSProp, Nadam, and Adam on the generalization performance of convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture that are extensively used in computer vision tasks. Experiments were conducted giving comparative analysis on the behaviour of these algorithms during model training on three large image datasets, namely, Fashion-MNIST, Kaggle Flowers Recognition and Scene classification. The results show that Adam, Adadelta and Nadam finds the global minimum faster in the experiments, have a better convergence curve, and higher test set accuracy in experiments using the three datasets. These optimization approaches adaptively tune the learning rate based only on the recent gradients; thus, controlling the reliance of the update on the past few gradients.
Germination, Growth and Yield Responses of Eggplant and Okra Grown on Anthill and Termite Mound Soils

: Physicochemical properties of anthill and termite mound soils with their combinations with ordinary top soil and assessment of their effects on germination, growth and yield performance of eggplant and okra under screenhouse conditions, was the goal of this study. The six soil treatments used are as follows: (I) pure anthill soil (AHS), (II) pure termite mound soil (TMS), (III) top soil (control) (TS), (IV) anthill +top soil (AHS + TS), (V) termite mound +top soil (TMS + TS) and (VI) anthill + termite mound soils (AHS + TMS). The physicochemical properties of these treatments were analysed. A standard seed-germination experiment arranged in a complete randomized block design (30 seeds per treatment per tested crop) was carried out in a screenhouse. For the growth experiment, a pot experiment arranged on top of tables using a completely randomized design (CRD) was carried out in the screenhouse and the growth and yield determined at seven (eggplant) and eight (okra) weeks. The results show that all treatments are acidic with pH ranging 3.3 to 4.5. he treatment containing anthill and anthill soils had higher EC (µS/CM), organic carbon (%), nitrogen (%), and phosphorus (%) compared to control (top soil). Treatment had a significant ( p < 0.05) effect on the germination indices of eggplant and okra. Enhanced seed germination was obtained with eggplant and okra seeds sowed in ordinary top soil amended with anthill soil compared to control. The growth and yield of eggplant and okra were significantly ( p < 0.05) affected by treatment. Generally, eggplant and okra grown using anthill soils (alone or mixed) had taller plants, bigger stem girth and leaf area, and higher number of leaves per plant compared to those grown on top soil. Eggplant and okra grown on anthill and termite mound soils and their combinations with ordinary top soils had heavier fresh whole plant and root biomass compared to control. It could be concluded that these results indicates that anthill and termite mounds soils can serve as cheap alternative source of nutrients for the cultivation of common vegetables by smallholder farmers in southern Sierra Leone.
Age Estimation Based on Dental Panoramic Radiography Overview with Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) Methods

Background: Forensic odontology is a branch of science in the field of dentistry, where the legal system and dentistry meet. Forensic examination is needed in cases where the chronological age of an individual is unknown because real identity does not exist or there is an indication of identity falsification, forensic testing is needed to estimate age. Chronological age is age based on date, month and year of birth. Dental age is an age calculation that is calculated by assessing human growth and development. The pulp on a tooth can be used as an indicator in determining age based on its size because as we get older the secondary dentine deposition occurs, therefore it can be used continuously as a parameter of age estimation. This study was used to present a method for assessing chronological age based on the relationship between age and tooth-coronal index measurement (TCI). Objective: To determine the correlation between chronological age and dental age using the Coronal Pulp Cavity Index (CPCI) method on panoramic radiographic data and to determine the narrowing of the pulp chamber size in increasing age. Method: This study used accidental sampling. Samples were selected according to those who met the criteria for patients referred to the Dental Hospital Hasanuddin University and Denta Medica Care Center to take panoramic photographs. All radiographs were printed by one examiner and used the CPCI method to obtain dental age. Subsequent scores were analyzed to see the difference between chronological age and dental age. Results: Based on the results of the Linear Regression test, a p value: 0.02 (p <0.05), which means that there was a significant correlation between chronological age and dental age. Conclusion :The difference between chronological age and dental age can be analyzed from the results of panoramic radiographs to determine dental age using the CPCI Method.
Correlation analysis between amino acids and bacterial communities of Wuliangye -flavour liquor fermentation in aged fermentation pit

Fermented grain ( Zaopei ) is the main microbial habitat and biochemical reaction system of health factors for Wuliangye -flavour liquor fermentation. In the present work, the bacterial communities in four depths of Zaopei , from the same fermentation pit, aged over 60 years, and amino acids as major health factors in four liquors from directly corresponding Zaopei were investigated by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Results showed that a total of 18 amino acids were detected in the four liquors, and eight dominant bacterial genera were observed in four Zaopei corresponding to the four liquors. Meanwhile, total amino acids, 12 amino acids (Glu, Asp, Val, Ile, Cys, Met, Lys, Arg, Gly, Ala, Tyr, and Thr), bacterial richness, and the percentages of Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas increased with the increase in Zaopei ’s depth; five amino acids (Cit, Phe, Leu, Pro, and Ser), and the percentages of Pediococcus and Bacteroides, first increased and then decreased, with the increase in Zaopei ’s depth. Moreover, the 12 amino acids were significantly ( p < 0.01) and strongly (|ρ| > 0.8) positively correlated with Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas. Therefore, these results can provide relevant data support for increasing amino acid content in Wuliangye -flavour liquor.