Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient lattice Boltzmann simulations of self-propelled particles with singular forces

e motion of microorganisms presents interesting and dicult problems ranging from mechanisms of propulsion to collective eects. Experimentally, some of the complicating factors, such as death, reproduction, chemotaxis, etc., can be suppressed through genetic manipulation or environmental control. Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics has been used to study simple models, however proceeding analytically is extremely challenging. us simulations, where one has total control over and knowledge of the system, are a compelling method for examining models of their behaviour. In this work I present simulations of minimal, self-propelled particles, while ensuring realistic hydrodynamic behaviour using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a well-studied method for simulating uid ows that scales linearly in computational eort with the system volume. e derivation of the LBM is reviewed, including the addition of forces in a consistent, accurate manner as well as thermal uctuations that satisfy the uctuation-dissipation theorem. It is extended to include singular forces via a regularization of the Dirac δ-function. is is implemented and extensively tested for agreement with low Reynolds number hydrodynamics. e regularized singularities are used to develop an ecient algorithm for pointlike particles which move under the inuence of an external force, such as gravity, or thermal uctuations of the uid. e method is compared to theoretical results and simulations using a well-studied algorithm that resolves the particle, nding good agreement in the dilute limit and signicantly reduced computational requirements. Using the singular forces, we then construct a minimal model for self-propelled particles, that may also experience forces or undergo random changes of orientation (modelling the “run-and-tumble” dynamics observed in swimming bacteria such as E. coli). e collective behaviour of these model swimmers is studied in three situations: sedimentation under gravity; in a central, harmonic trap; and in a Poiseuille ow between parallel plates. For sedimentation, the behaviour is not very dierent from that expected of non-interacting run-and-tumble particles, except that total collapse to the container bottomwhen the weight of the particles equals the propelling force is prevented by the velocity uctuations caused by the particles’ activity. e trapped particles, for runlengths comparable to the trap size, self-assemble into a pump-like structure, while for short run-lengths an approximatelyGaussian distribution seenwithout hydrodynamic interactions, is maintained. In Poiseuille ows we nd the particles orient upstream; forweak ows this results in a net upstream current. We nd signicant hydrodynamic eects, in the dilute limit, only when there is some mechanism that causes alignment of the particles.
The molecular ISM in luminous infrared galaxies: a λ = 3 mm line survey of Arp 157

In this work we present a search for molecular line emission in the interacting luminous infrared galaxy Arp 157 (NGC 520). We report the detection of 19 different lines, from 12 different molecular species in our =3mm line survey and supporting =2mm and 1mm observations. We investigated the profiles of the detected lines, and find all species show asymmetric emission lines, with profiles that differ systematically as a function of critical density. We derive the physical conditions within the gas reservoir of this system using isotope ratios, an excitation analysis, and rotation diagrams. We suggest that in this source we are observing a warm (Tex > 23K) edge-on, asymmetric starburst ring, plus a less dense central molecular component, which is more optically thin. We compare our molecular abundances with several well studied galaxies, and with Galactic regions, in order to determine the primary driver of the chemistry in Arp 157. We highlight some significant differences between the abundances of molecules in this source and in the more extreme ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Arp 220. This suggests that different physical mechanisms may become important in driving gas chemistry at different points in the evolution of a merger induced starburst. Of the nearby galaxies we considered, NGC 253 (whose nuclear chemistry is dominated by large-scale shocks) and NGC 1068 (whose nuclear chemistry is X-ray dominated) have the most similar molecular abundances to Arp 157. The Galactic region Sgr B2(OH) (where shock desorption of ices is thought to be important) may also have similar abundances to Arp 157. We hence postulate that shocks and/or the generation of hard radiation fields by the ongoing merger (or a starburst wind), are driving the molecular chemistry in Arp 157.
Monthly Gravity Field Solutions From Early LEO Satellites' Observations Contribute to Global Ocean Mass Change Estimates Over 1993∼2004

Since few time‐variable gravity field models were developed before the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) era, one normally estimates the global mean ocean mass (GMOM) changes by summing the mass contributions. In this study, new monthly gravity field models named Tongji‐LEO2021 developed from Early Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites' observations are used to directly estimate GMOM changes and quantify the closure of global sea‐level budget with Altimetry and Steric observations between 1993 and 2004. The resulting GMOM changes from Tongji‐LEO2021 solutions are comparable to those from the Center for Space Research RL06 GRACE solutions and the IGG‐SLR‐HYBRID solutions, with the correlation coefficients of 0.91 and 0.88. Our results show that the LEO‐derived GMOM change rate is 0.88 ± 0.16 mm/year, slightly larger than 0.83 ± 0.16 mm/year from IGG‐SLR‐HYBRID, which are both close to Altimetry‐Steric estimate (0.87 ± 0.33 mm/year). Overall, Tongji‐LEO2021 solutions can estimate the GMOM change and understand the global sea‐level change before the GRACE era.
The BCS pairing gap in the on-shell limit of the Similarity Renormalization Group

The pairing gap plays a fundamental role in the nuclear many-body problem and many large scale and accurate mass formula fits suggest the smooth nuclear mass dependence $\Delta \sim 6(1)~ A^{-1/3}~{\rm MeV}$ in the liquid drop model which lacks a theoretical motivation. Within the BCS theory we analyze the impact of phase equivalent interactions on the pairing gap for a translational invariant many-fermion system such as nuclear and neutron matter. To that end we use explicitly the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) transformations. We show that in the on-shell and continuum limits the pairing gap vanishes. For finite size systems the pairing gap can be computed directly from the scattering phase-shifts by the formula $$ \Delta_{nn} (p_F) = \Delta \epsilon_F ~ \delta^{^1S_0}_{nn}(p_F) /\pi ~ , $$ where $p_F$ is the Fermi momentum and $\Delta \epsilon_F$ the level spacing at the Fermi energy which for the harmonic oscillator shell model becomes $\Delta \epsilon_F= \hbar \omega \sim 41 ~ A^{-1/3}~{\rm MeV}$, so that $$ \Delta_{nn} (p_F) \sim 4 ~ A^{-1/3}~{\rm MeV} ~ . $$ The comparison with double differences from binding energies of stable nuclei is satisfactory and the discrepancy with the large scale analysis may be attributed to the lack of three-body forces. Nevertheless, the on-shell two-body interaction provides a basis for the $c~A^{-1/3}$ dependency and accounts for 75\% of the coefficient $c$.
Use of the hydrodistillation residue of the essential oil of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) in the corrosion protection of carbon steel in HCl medium

Nessa pesquisa, foram avaliadas diferentes concentrações do pó do resíduo sólido da hidrodestilação da folha de pimenta rosa (PRHPPL), gerado na produção de seu óleo essencial, como inibidor para aço carbono em HCl 0,5 mol L-1. Esta avaliação foi realizada por meio de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS), polarização potenciodinâmica, técnica de varredura de eletrodo vibratório (SVET) e testes de perda de massa. Todos os testes mostraram que a maior concentração do inibidor (1,77 g L-1) apresentou melhor eficiência; do icorr, essa eficiência foi de 98%, do modelo de circuito equivalente Rct valor foi de 98% e pelo teste gravimétrico foi de 86%. Diferentes isotermas foram testadas a fim de entender melhor o processo de adsorção das moléculas inibidoras na superfície do metal e o melhor ajuste foi encontrado para a isoterma de Langmuir. A morfologia da superfície do aço também foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Este estudo revela que este resíduo obtido da produção de óleos essenciais pode ser utilizado como inibidor de corrosão em substituição aos inibidores sintéticos.
Birth of inflationary universes

A cosmological model is proposed in which the Universe is created by quantum tunneling from ''nothing'' into a de Sitter space. The tunneling is described by a de Sitter-- p Hawking--Moss instanton. After the tunneling, the model evolves along the lines of the inflationary scenario. It is argued that at any time there exist parts of the Universe which are still in the de Sitter phase, while other parts have already recollapsed. This model does not have a big-bang singularity and does not require any initial or boundary conditions.
Morphological study on the skull sutures and their relationships to skull morphology in young camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Objective: The sutures are associated with anatomical and physiological differences in skull camels. There is a deficiency in the information regarding the anatomy of dromedary camels, especially on fibrous joints (sutures) of the camels’ skull. Aim: The goal of this work was to give a detailed gross anatomical and radiographic description of the sutures in the camels’ skull. This description may be of great importance for veterinarians to differentiate between the suture and the fracture of the head in the radiographic photos. Methods: The current study was conducted on 10 skulls of the young (Howar) dromedary camel at 4–10 months old. The skulls were prepared by using the boiling and maceration techniques. The gross and radiographic photos of the sutures were taken using a digital camera and Siemens mobile full-wave X-ray machine (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). Results: The skull is made up of nineteen bones -6 single and 13 paired-the majority of which are joined by joints termed as sutures. The sutures of the camel skulls were viewed in dorsal, ventral, lateral-vertical, and inside directions. They were of four types which are the coronal, serrate, plane, and squamosal sutures in different positions of the skull. Conclusion: The current study showed that the fibrous joints of camel skulls (sutures) were similar to those of other domestic animals. This information is critical for supporting veterinarians to differentiate sutures from fractures that may have happened in the skull of the dromedary camel using radiological pictures.
An alternative approach to modelling a cosmic void and its effect on the cosmic microwave background

We apply our tetrad-based approach for constructing spherically symmetric solutions in general relativity to modelling a void, and compare it with the standard Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) formalism. In particular, we highlight the importance of considering the velocity as well as the density profile in constraining voids. We apply our approach to construct models for the void observed in the direction of Draco in the WISE–2MASS galaxy survey, and a corresponding cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature decrement in the Planck data in the same direction. We find that the present-day density and velocity profiles of the void are not well constrained by the existing data, so that void models produced from the two approaches can differ substantially while remaining broadly consistent with the observations. We repeat our analysis to construct void models for the CMB Cold Spot, but show that although a single void can account for the WISE–2MASS galaxy survey data, it is not capable of producing a CMB temperature decrement sufficiently deep to be consistent with Planck CMB data.
Allelic variations in alcohol metabolism genes (ADH1B, ADH1C, CYP2E1) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in northeastern Brazil

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a multifactorial disease caused by environmental and genetic factors. Genetic polymorphisms of the enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism influence the susceptibility to alcohol dependence. The distribution of the genetic variants varies depending on ethnicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the polymorphisms of the three genes responsible for the degradation of ethanol, ADH1B, ADH1C, and CYP2E1 to examine the influence of these mutations on the risk for alcohol use disorder in a population from northeastern Brazil. In addition, the allelic distribution of the northeastern population will be compared with that obtained for other populations. The allelic and genotypic frequencies were determined in 163 alcoholic patients and 182 control subjects. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. The allele frequencies in the northeastern population were similar to those reported in studies in Mexico but differed significantly from those reported in studies of a Chinese population. The polymorphic variants of CYP2E1 were associated with a higher risk for alcohol use disorder [odds ratio (OR) = 2.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35-5.83, p = 0.0072]. No significant result was obtained from the analyses of the ADH1C gene. A significant protective effect against alcohol dependence was observed in individuals carrying allelic and genotypic variations of the ADH1B gene, as determined through the combined analysis of homozygous and heterozygous variant forms of the gene in controls and alcoholics (P = 0.03). Furthermore, the combination of ADH1B*2 with ADH1C*1 and CYP2E1 (c1/c1) may confer protection against alcohol use disorder.
FILM –WISE CONDENSATION OF R1234yf AND R134a REFRIGERANTS ON FINNED TUBE WITH 32 FINS PER INCH

Researchers have been motivating by the global warming challenge to develop alternatives substances to compounds that contribute to this problem. The refrigerant R134a (HFC134a) has been identified as one of the most environmentally damaging gases. As a result, the refrigerant R1234yf has been employed in air conditioning systems as a substitute to the refrigerant R134a. The condensation heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of the refrigerants R1234yf and R134a was measured on smooth and standard finned tubes in this study. The finned tube is characterized by 32 Fins per inch (FPI) and 1 mm fin height. The condensation process was investigated at 37°C and 40°C condensing temperatures and 16°C to 28°C water inlet temperatures. The Nusselt theory accurately predicted the condensation HTCs on the smooth tube within mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) of 5.3% for R134a and 4.7% for R1234yf. As the wall sub-cooling increases, the condensation HTC decreases. With a drop in LMTD, the overall heat transfer coefficient (HTC) rises. For finned tube, the refrigerant R134a showed a greater HTC than R1234yf. In comparison to smooth tube, the enhancement ratio in HTC was 78% at 37 and 82% at 40°C for R134a. The enhancement ratio with R1234yf was 65% and 81% at 37 and 40 ° C, respectively. The experimental data was compared with predictions of two previous analytical models for film condensation on finned tubes.
XROMM Analysis of Feeding Mechanics in Toads: Interactions of the Tongue, Hyoid, and Pectoral Girdle

Synopsis During feeding in many terrestrial vertebrates, the tongue acts in concert with the hyoid and pectoral girdle. In frogs, these three elements are interconnected by musculature. While the feeding mechanics of the anuran tongue are well-studied, little is known of how the motions of the tongue relate to the movements of the skeleton or how buccal structures move following closure of the mouth. Although features such as the pectoral girdle and hyoid are not externally visible in frogs, their motions can be tracked in X-ray video. We used XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology) techniques to track the 3D movements of the tongue, hyoid apparatus, pectoral girdle, skull, and jaw during the feeding cycle of the cane toad, Rhinella marina. We show how the movements of these elements are integrated during tongue protrusion and prey capture, as well as during prey transport, swallowing, and recovery. Our findings suggest that the hyoid apparatus is important both for prey manipulation and swallowing. The tongue consistently stretches posterior to the skull during swallowing, often more than it stretches during protrusion to reach the prey. Feeding kinematics are similar between individuals, and the kinematics of unsuccessful strikes generally resemble those of successful strikes. Our data also provide a new perspective on the potential role of the pectoral girdle, an element with a predominant locomotor function, during feeding events. This work raises new questions about the evolution of feeding in frogs, as well as how the diversity of pectoral and buccal anatomy observed across anurans may influence feeding kinematics.
Theory of metasurface based perfect absorbers

Based on an analytic approach, we present a theoretical review on the absorption, scattering, and extinction of both dipole scatterers and regular arrays composed of such scatterers i.e. metasurfaces. Besides offering a tutorial by outlining the maximum absorption limit for electrically/magnetically resonant dipole particles/metasurfaces, we give an educative analytical approach to their analysis. Moreover, we put forward the analysis of two known alternatives in providing perfect absorbers out of electrically and or magnetically resonant metasurfaces; one is based on the simultaneous presence of both electric and magnetic responses in so called Huygens metasurfaces while the other is established upon the presence of a back reflector in so called Salisbury absorbers. Our work is supported by several numerical examples to clarify the discussions in each stage.
EFFECTS OF FUNNELIFORMIS MOSSEAE INOCULATION ON CHILI PEPPER GROWTH UNDER REPEATED DROUGHT STRESS

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a common commodity used as spice and pharmaceutical uses around the world. However, chili pepper cultivation failure often occurs due to drought exposure. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), such as Funneliformis mosseae, has the potential to induce defense against drought stress through symbiotic association with plant roots. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of F. mosseae inoculation on the growth of chili pepper under repeated drought stress. Chili pepper plants were exposed to three drought regimes for two cycles, with one rewatering event between the cycles. The plant agronomic variables, physiological performance, and microorganism parameters were observed. The results showed that the plant height, fresh and dry shoot weight, along with fresh and dry root weight increased significantly with F. mosseae inoculation under repeated drought stress. The F. mosseae treatment also increased water relative content and decreased proline and lipid peroxidation significantly. Although drought exposure decreased the AMF root colonization rate, the total microbial activity and glomalin-related soil protein were still increased by the F. mosseae inoculation. However, F. mosseae inoculation was negatively correlated to the abundance of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. The results suggested that F. mosseae gave positive effects on C. frutescens L. growth under repeated drought stress through induced morphological and physiological responses.
Semi-rigidity of connections in space structures

Experimental and analytical investigations show that connections in space structures normally behave in a semi-rigid manner. In order to take into account the semi-rigidity of connections in analysis, two important obstacles need to be removed. Firstly, reliable ways must be found to predict the behaviour of the connection itself. Secondly, suitable methods should be evolved for modelling of the connections in structural systems. It will then be possible to identify the effects of the connections on the structural performance. This thesis presents an attempt to develop reliable and effective techniques for the prediction of connection behaviour in space structures. In addition to conventional approaches, new techniques based on the system identification method using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms are employed. Also, the effects of a compressive axial force on the moment-rotation behaviour of a ball jointed system have been studied experimentally and analytically. Static and dynamic analysis of semi-rigidly jointed space structures has been achieved by modelling of the connection behaviour under monotonic and cyclic loading using a non-linear analysis program. A major part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the effects of semi-rigidity of connections on the behaviour of space structures. Firstly, the effects of semi-rigid connections on a grid dome with different span to rise ratios have been studied. Then, the effects of the axial force-displacement behaviour of a space structure jointing system on two foldable domes have been investigated. Also, the effects of axial force-bending moment interaction on a space structure have been examined. Finally, a preliminary study of the effects of proportional and nonproportional loading on a semi-rigidly jointed space structure has been presented. In addition, the sources of uncertainty related to connections and their effects on structural performance have been studied. Two important classification systems have been assessed for space structure jointing systems and a classification system for space structure connections has been proposed. Conclusions and recommendations for further research have been given in the final part of thesis.
River channel response to invasive plant treatment across the American Southwest

Invasive riparian plants were introduced to the American Southwest in the early 19th century and contributed to regional trends of decreasing river channel width and migration rate in the 20th century. More recently, efforts to remove invasive riparian vegetation (IRV) have been widespread, especially since 1990. To what extent has IRV treatment reversed the earlier trend of channel narrowing and reduced dynamism? In this study, paired treated and untreated reaches at 15 sites along 13 rivers were compared before and after IRV treatment using repeat aerial imagery to assess long‐term (~10‐year) channel change due to treatment on a regional scale across the Southwest USA. We found that IRV treatment significantly increased channel width and floodplain destruction. Treated reaches had higher floodplain destruction than untreated reaches at 14 of 15 sites, and IRV treatment increased the rate of floodplain destruction by a median factor of 1.9. The effect of treatment increased with the stream power of the largest flow over the study period. Resolving observations of channel change into separate measures of floodplain destruction and formation provided more information on underlying processes than simple measurements of channel width and centerline migration rate. Restoration practitioners who perform IRV treatment projects often focus on wildlife or vegetation response; however, geomorphic processes should be considered in restoration planning because they drive aquatic habitat and vegetation dynamics, and because of the potential for damage to downstream infrastructure. Depending on the restoration goal, management practices can be used to enhance or minimize the increase in channel dynamism caused by IRV treatment.
Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms: General Properties, Fast Algorithms and Integer Approximations

Preface Acknowledgements List of Acronyms 1. Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms 2. Definitions and General Properties 3. The Karhunen-Loeve Transform and Optimal Decorrelation 4. Fast DCT/DST Algorithms 5. Integer Discrete Cosine/Sine Transforms Appendices Index