Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Photoreactivation and Dark Repair of Total and Fecal Coliforms and Enterococci in Wastewater Treated with Ultraviolet Light

Wastewater treatment plants are essential in reducing the microbial load of water discharged into the ecosystems by UV light. However, it has been found that some pathogenic bacteria have developed mechanisms to reverse the damage caused to their DNA by UV light, with possible adverse effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, this research evaluated if fecal indicator bacteria that use photoreactivation or dark repair are present in the wastewater from a treatment plant in Puerto Rico. Samples of wastewater treated with UV light were collected and exposed to two treatments: fluorescent light (photoreactivation) and darkness (dark repair). The number of colonies of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and enterococci was determined every hour of exposure. Results show that after exposure to fluorescent light, the number of colonies of total and fecal coliforms increased, being able to repair and reverse the damage caused to their DNA when exposed to visible light but not in darkness, possibly through the mechanism of photoreactivation. However, enterococci showed no increase in colonies when exposed to fluorescent light and kept in darkness. These results suggest reviewing the disinfection process considering photoreactivation and dark repair mechanisms. The new considerations can reduce pollution of watersheds when large amounts of treated wastewater are released into the environment.
Exploring Determinants of Tourists’ Ethical Behavior Intention for Sustainable Tourism: The Role of Both Pursuit of Happiness and Normative Goal Framing

This study explored variables that determine outbound Korean tourists’ ethical behavior intention during their visits of Southeast Asian countries and analyzed the influencing relationship between them in an integrated manner. The results from the partial least squares path modeling of the R statistical program demonstrate that the pursuit of hedonic and eudaimonic motives plays a positive role in activating normative goal framing which supports tourists’ ethical behavior intention. This study therefore empirically proved the important roles of both the pursuit of happiness in daily life and normative goal framing as motivators that enhance ethical behavior intention at tourist destinations to achieve the goal of sustainable tourism after the pandemic.
Management of Pregnancy with Covid-19: A Systematic Review

Backgrounds: COVID-19 is a new virus that comes since 2019, and attacks the respiratory system. Pregnant women are at high risk for adverse effects from Covid-19 infection, because of the adaptive cardiopulmonary changes during pregnancy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, physiological changes during pregnancy are feared to increased maternal morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. Safe and effective antenatal care is carried out through special management during the COVID-19 pandemic.Purpose: aim of study is to analyze symptoms, management of pregnancy, childbirth, neonatal, pharmacological therapy and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women.Methods: this research used systematic review method. The samples was obtained from ScienceDirect, Wiley and Pubmed database. The keyword are pregnant women, Covid-19, management pregnancy with Covid-19.Results: 10 original research articles was find and accordance with criteria. Management of COVID-19 pregnancy was regulated to reduce exposure the virus in mother and child population. Multidisciplinary health workers were needed to oversee the continuous care of mothers. COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women was considered safe for mother and fetus.Conclusion: management or guidelines of COVID-19’s pregnancy was carried out continuously and comprehensively to reduce the high rate of morbidity and mortality. COVID – 19 vaccination was attempted as a preventive and protective measure for pregnant women.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Inquiry-based Learning in Science Education: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Kirehe District, Rwanda

This study sought to establish teachers’ reflections on the role of inquiry-based learning in science education. The study was quantitative in nature and used the descriptive research design. Data was gathered through a questionnaire containing closed ended items. Respondents were eighty-two science teachers from secondary schools in Kirehe District. It is concluded that the choice of appropriate teaching and learning approaches influences understanding in science education. Inquiry-based learning is effective for acquisition of practical skills and development of higher order thinking skills. However, shortage of continuous professional development impedes teachers’ implementation of the inquiry-based learning. The use of inquiry-based learning serves as a promising learning method to enhance learners’ understanding. It is recommended that school administrators should understand the 5-E model that governs the inquiry-based learning as one of the best teaching and learning approaches and collaborate with teachers to find out means and strategies that may stimulate the implementation of new teaching and learning approaches in science education. School administrators should regularly organize internal workshops and training of teachers on teaching and learning approaches.
Metallothionein 2A with Antioxidant and Antitumor Activity Is Upregulated by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells

Functions of metallothionein 2A (MT2A) in bladder cancer have not been extensively explored even though metallothioneins are regarded as modulators in several biological regulations including oxidation and cancerous development. We evaluated MT2A in bladder carcinoma cells in terms of the mechanisms of regulation and the underlying functions. MT2A overexpression not only downregulated endogenous ROS but also blocked ROS induced by H2O2. We used the annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay to determine the modulation of H2O2-induced cell apoptosis by MT2A expression. Results of immunoblot and reporter assays indicated that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) treatment induced MT2A and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions; moreover, the involvement of CAPE in either upregulation of the HO-1 expression or downregulation of endogenous ROS is MT2A dependent in bladder carcinoma cells. Knockdown of MT2A increased invasion and cell growth in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic overexpression of MT2A had the reverse effect in bladder carcinoma cells. Unlike bladder cancer tissues, the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed a significant level of MT2A mRNA in the normal bladder tissues. Collectively, our results indicated that MT2A is acting as an antioxidant and also a tumor suppressor in human bladder carcinoma cells.
Light-Emitting-Diode-Assisted, Fungal-Pigment-Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Activity

Nanoparticle synthesis, such as green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biogenic extracts, is affected by light, which changes the characteristics of particles. However, the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on AgNP biosynthesis using fungal pigment has not been examined. In this study, LEDs of different wavelengths were used in conjunction with Talaromyces purpurogenus extracellular pigment for AgNP biosynthesis. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing 10 mL of fungal pigment with AgNO3, followed by 24 h exposure to LEDs of different wavelengths, such as blue, green, orange, red, and infrared. All treatments increased the yield of AgNPs. The solutions exposed to blue, green, and infrared LEDs exhibited a significant increase in AgNP synthesis. All AgNPs were then synthesized to determine the optimum precursor (AgNO3) concentration and reaction rate. The results indicated 5 mM AgNO3 as the optimum precursor concentration; furthermore, AgNPs-blue LED had the highest reaction rate. Dynamic light scattering analysis, zeta potential measurement, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the AgNPs. All LED-synthesized AgNPs exhibited an antimicrobial potential against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The combination of LED-synthesized AgNPs and the antibiotic streptomycin demonstrated a synergistic antimicrobial activity against both bacterial species.
$B_s (\bar B_s)$ -> $D^0_{CP} K {\bar K}$: Detecting and Discriminating New Physics in $B_s$-$\bar B_s$ Mixing

If the weak phase of B_s-anti B_s mixing (2 beta_s) is found to be significantly different from zero, this is a clear signal of new physics (NP). However, if such a signal is found, we would like an unambiguous determination of 2 beta_s in order to ascertain which NP models could be responsible. In addition, in the presence of NP, the width difference \Delta\Gamma_s between the two B_s mass eigenstates can be positive or negative, and ideally this sign ambiguity should be resolved experimentally. Finally, in order to see if the NP is contributing to \Gamma^s_{12} in addition to M^s_{12}, the precise measurement of |\Gamma^s_{12}| is crucial. In this paper, we consider several different methods of measuring B_s-anti B_s mixing using two- and three-body decays with ${\bar b} \to {\bar c} u {\bar s}$ and ${\bar b} \to {\bar u} c {\bar s}$ transitions. We find that the most promising of these is a time-dependent Dalitz-plot analysis of $B_s (\bar B_s) \to D^0_{CP} K {\bar K}$. With these decays, all of the above issues can be addressed, and the measurement of the weak phase gamma is also possible. We also note that, with all three-body decays it is possible to resolve the sign ambiguity of \Delta\Gamma_s even without determining the CP phase phi_s.
Statistical inference for negative binomial processes with applications to market research

The negative binomial distribution (NBD) and negative binomial processes have been used as natural models for events occurring in fields such as accident proneness accidents and sickness market research insurance and risk theory. The fitting of negative binomial processes in practice has mainly focussed on fitting the one-dimensional distribution, namely the NBD, to data. In practice, the parameters of the NBD are usually estimated by using inefficient moment based estimation methods due to the ease in estimating moment based estimators in comparison to maximum likelihood estimators. This thesis develops efficient moment based estimation methods for estimating parameters of the NBD that can be easily implemented in practice. These estimators, called power method estimators, are almost as efficient as maximum likelihood estimators when the sample is independent and identically distributed. For dependent NBD samples, the power method estimators are more efficient than the commonly used method of moments and zero term method estimators. Fitting the one-dimensional marginal distribution of negative binomial processes to data gives partial information as to the adequacy of the process being fitted. This thesis further develops methods of statistical inference for data generated by negative binomial processes by comparing the dynamical properties of the process to the dynamical properties of data. For negative binomial autoregressive processes, the dynamical properties may be checked by using the autocorrelation function. The dynamical properties of the gamma Poisson process are considered by deriving the asymptotic covariance and correlation structures of estimators and functionals of the gamma Poisson process and verifying these structures against data. The adequacy of two negative binomial processes, namely the gamma Poisson process and the negative binomial first-order autoregressive process, as models for consumer buying behavior are considered. The models are fitted to market research data kindly provided by ACNielsen BASES.
X(3872) and its production at hadron colliders

We evaluate the production cross sections of X(3872) at the Tevatron and LHC at NLO in $\alpha_s$ within the framework of NRQCD factorization by assuming that the short distance production proceeds dominantly through its $\chi_{c1}'$ component. The outcomes of the fits to the CMS $p_T$ distribution can well account for the CDF data, and are consistent with the value of $k=Z_{c\bar c}\cdot Br(X\to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-)$ constrained by the B meson decay data. In comparison, the molecule dominant production mechanism for X(3872) is inconsistent with both the $p_T$ distributions and the total cross sections of the CMS and CDF data.
Pedagogical Approaches to Responsible Entrepreneurship Education

This article explores innovations in and pedagogical approaches to Responsible Entrepreneurship Education (REE), with a specific focus on how to advance responsible entrepreneurial competencies (“know-how”) and entrepreneurial practices (“know-that”). Consequently, this article proposes the “4Rs” framework (re-imagining, reconfiguring, reshaping, and reforming) to guide entrepreneurship educators’ actions. Firstly, it is necessary to “re-imagine” the intended and enacted curriculum to develop a contemporary awareness and knowledge of social and environmental enterprises. Secondly, it is essential to “reconfigure” teaching pedagogies to problematize the entrepreneurship environment and outer world. Thirdly, it is required for educators to “reshape” the attained curriculum with the stakeholders to offer learners co-curricular and extracurricular experiences. Finally, pedagogical “reforms” provide an opportunity to incorporate innovations into the discovery of new knowledge and paths of responsibilities. These pedagogical approaches support entrepreneurial learning as “processes” and entrepreneurship as a “process” aligned to the achievement of responsible entrepreneurial behavior.
Terminally Redundant, non-permuted Genome of Listeria Bacteriophage A511: a Model for the SPO1-like Myoviruses of Gram-Positive Bacteria

Only little information is available on a particular class of Myoviruses, the SPO1-like bacteriophages infecting low G+C Gram-positive host bacteria (Firmicutes). We present the genome analysis and molecular characterization of the large, virulent, broad host-range Listeria phage A511. A511 contains a unit (informational) genome of 134,494 bp, encompassing 190 putative open reading frames and 16 tRNA genes, organized in a modular fashion common among the Caudovirales . Electron microscopy, enzymatic fragmentation analyses and sequencing revealed that the A511 DNA molecule contains redundant, linear terminal repeats of 3,125 bp length, encompassing nine small putative ORFs. This particular genome structure explains why A511 is unable to perform general transduction. A511 features significant sequence homologies to Listeria phage P100 and other morphologically related phages infecting Firmicutes, such as Staphylococcus phage K and Lactobacillus phage LP65. Equivalent but more extensive terminal repeats also exist in phages P100 (~ 6 kb) and K (~ 20 kb). High resolution electron microscopy revealed, for the first time, the presence of long tail fibers in these viruses, organized in a six-fold symmetry. Mass spectrometry-based peptide fingerprinting permitted assignment of individual proteins to A511 structural components. On the basis of the data available for A511 and relatives, we propose that SPO1-like Myoviruses are characterized by (i) infection of Gram-positive, low G+C-content bacteria; (ii) wide host range within the host bacterial genus and strictly virulent lifestyle; (iii) similar morphology, sequence relatedness and collinearity of the phage genome organization, and (iv) large dsDNA genomes featuring non-permuted, terminal redundant repeats of variable size.
Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura

Background and aims – The genus Carapichea (Rubiaceae), recently resurrected and separated from Psychotria, currently includes 24 Neotropical species and is morphologically heterogeneous. A revision of the genus in the Guianas is presented here, as part of the authors’ work on the Rubiaceae treatment in the Flora of the Guianas series. Material and methods – This paper is based on a study of herbarium specimens from BBS, BM, BR, BRB, CAY, INPA, K, P, P-JJR, and U; type specimens from other herbaria were consulted online. Some of the species were also studied in the field by the authors. Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied. Results – Three species previously included in Carapichea (C. altsonii, C. nivea, and C. sandwithiana) show aberrant characters for the genus and are transferred to Notopleura; new combinations are published for the former two (N. altsonii and N. nivea). Eight species of Carapichea, one of them still imperfectly known, are recorded from the Guianas; a ninth species, C. araguariensis, is included in this revision as it is expected to occur in the region. New combinations are published for two species: Carapichea galbaoensis and C. squamelligera, based on Psychotria galbaoensis and P. squamelligera, respectively; the former species was previously included in synonymy of C. guianensis, which is here redefined in a narrower sense. The delimitation of C. ligularis is expanded to include C. pacimonica as a synonym. The first records of C. adinantha in French Guiana – and the Guiana Shield – are documented. The taxonomy of the two remaining species, C. tillettii and C. urniformis, is left unchanged. For every species a complete description is presented, as well as data on distribution, ecology, phenology, local names (when known), and a list of collections studied.
Optical channels : fibers, clouds, water, and the atmosphere

1. Introduction. - 2. Coherence Theory and Random Channels. - 3. Optical Receivers. - 4. The Fiber Optic Channel. - 5. The Turbulence Channel. - 6. The Optical Scatter Channel and Its Properties. - 7. Mathematical Models for Energy Propagation in the Optical Scatter Channel. - Appendix A. Generalized Radiometry. - A.1. The Generalized Radiance. - A.2. The Mutual Radiance. - A.3. The Generalized Radiant Emittance. - A.4. The Generalized Radiant Intensity. - References. - Appendix B. Transport Theory. - B.1. Heuristic Derivation of the Radiative Transport Equation. - B.2. Radiative Transfer Theory in the Small-Angle Scattering Limit. - B.3. Derivation of the Small-Angle Transport Equation from Parabolic Wave Optics Theory. - Appendix C. Solution of the Small-Angle Transport Equation for the Generalized Radiance and the Mutual Coherence Function. - Appendix D. Power Flow in Fibers. - Appendix E. Optical and Physical Thickness Relations for Clouds at Various Locations on the Earth. - Appendix F. Atmospheric Optical Loss Model.
Role of pulmonary function testing in inflammatory bowel diseases (Review)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe chronic inflammatory entities of the gastrointestinal system with an unclear etiology. Extra-intestinal manifestations beyond the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract can also occur. Several studies have investigated the alterations of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients with IBD. To the best of our knowledge, the present review article is the first to summarize all the types of PFTs that have been performed in patients with IBD. Contradictory data exist regarding the association of PFT alterations with disease activity. PFT abnormalities can develop in individuals with IBD who have no clear clinical signs or radiological evidence, suggesting that PFTs may be useful in detecting latent respiratory involvement. The most prevalent finding in the PFTs of adults and children with IBD is an impairment in the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, although evidence on the other tests, particularly spirometric values, and their connection with disease activity is inconsistent.
Dynamic Functional Dependency Discovery with Dynamic Hitting Set Enumeration

Functional dependencies (FDs) are widely applied in data management tasks. Since FDs on data are usually unknown, FD discovery techniques are studied for automatically finding hidden FDs from data. In this paper, we develop techniques to dynamically discover FDs in response to changes on data. Formally, given the complete set <tex>$\Sigma$</tex> of minimal and valid FDs on a relational instance <tex>$r$</tex>, we aim to find the complete set <tex>$\Sigma^{\prime}$</tex> of minimal and valid FDs on <tex>$r\oplus\Delta r$</tex>, where <tex>$\Delta r$</tex> is a set of tuple insertions and deletions. Different from the batch approaches that compute <tex>$\Sigma^{\prime}$</tex> on <tex>$r\oplus\Delta r$</tex> from scratch, our dynamic method computes <tex>$\Sigma^{\prime}$</tex> in response to <tex>$\triangle\uparrow$</tex>. by leveraging the known <tex>$\Sigma$</tex> on <tex>$r$</tex>, and avoids processing the whole of <tex>$r$</tex> for each update from <tex>$\Delta r$</tex>. We tackle dynamic FD discovery on <tex>$r\oplus\Delta r$</tex> by dynamic hitting set enumeration on the difference-set of <tex>$r\oplus\Delta r$</tex>. Specifically, (1) leveraging auxiliary structures built on <tex>$r$</tex>, we first present an efficient algorithm to update the difference-set of <tex>$r$</tex> to that of <tex>$r\oplus\Delta r$</tex>. (2) We then compute <tex>$\Sigma^{\prime}$</tex>, by recasting dynamic FD discovery as dynamic hitting set enumeration on the difference-set of <tex>$r\oplus\Delta r$</tex> and developing novel techniques for dynamic hitting set enumeration. (3) We finally experimentally verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approaches, using real-life and synthetic data. The results show that our dynamic FD discovery method outperforms the batch counterparts on most tested data, even when <tex>$\Delta r$</tex> is up to 30 % of <tex>$r$</tex>.
An examination into the role of a peer academic online mentoring programme during Emergency Remote Teaching at a South African residential university

For residential universities, the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2020 academic year necessitated the suspension of in-person lectures and a swift transition of classes and other in-person activities to emergency remote teaching (ERT). This included the academic module mentoring programme, cognisant of the potential challenges experienced by first-year students during a period of ERT. The role of an in-person module mentoring programme before ERT was only to provide academic support to first-year students within an introductory financial accounting module to promote student success. This study investigated the role of an academic online mentoring programme for students in an introductory financial accounting module during ERT. A web-based survey was conducted to source the perceptions of both mentors and mentees who participated in an introductory module academic mentoring programme both before and during ERT to analyse whether the role of the academic module mentoring programme had shifted beyond that of academic support in an ERT environment. While academic support remained at the forefront as the main perceived benefit of the online mentoring programme, with the transition to ERT, the findings of this study illustrate an altering role that is more inclusive of additional psychological and peer support and engagement perceived benefits for first-year students who participated in an academic mentoring programme for students in an introductory financial accounting module during a period of ERT. Understanding student perceptions of the value derived for first-year students from an academic online mentoring programme is important in understanding first-year student needs and to provide relevant and applicable training to first-year students to promote student success during ERT. The findings of this study provide insight to institutions and in considering the addition of academic interventions such as offering academic online mentoring programmes during ERT and highlight the perceived value-add from both a mentor and mentee perspective.