Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holocene Marine Tephra Offshore Ecuador and Southern Colombia: First Trench‐to‐Arc Correlations and Implication for Magnitude of Major Eruptions

Tephra layers preserved in marine sediments are strong tools to study the frequency, magnitude and source of past major explosive eruptions. Thirty‐seven volcanoes from the Ecuadorian and Colombian arc, in the northern Andes, experienced at least one eruption during the Holocene. The volcanic hazard is therefore particularly high for the populated areas of the Andes and in particular cases for the coastal region, and it is crucial to document such events to improve hazard assessment. The age and distribution of deposits from major Holocene eruptions have been studied in the Cordillera, but no descriptions of distal fallouts have been published. In this study, we focused on 28 Holocene tephra layers recorded in marine sediment cores collected along the northern Ecuador—Southern Colombia margin. New lithological, geochemical and isotope data together with 14C datings on foraminifers allow us to determine the age and volcanic source of marine tephra, and to propose a first land‐sea correlation of distal tephra fallouts. We show that at least seven explosive eruptions from Guagua Pichincha, Atacazo‐Ninahuilca, Cotopaxi, and Cerro Machín volcanoes left tephra deposits recorded in marine cores over 250 km away from their source. Volume estimates of emitted tephra range between 1.3 and 6.0 km3 for the tenth century Guagua Pichincha, ∼5 ka Atacazo‐Ninahuilca, ∼6.7 and ∼7.9 ka Cotopaxi events, suggesting that they were eruptions of Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5. The distribution of these deposits also brings new constraints for a better evaluation of the volcanic hazard in Ecuador.
Verification of the principle of equivalence for massive bodies. [from lunar retroreflector echo delay data]

Analysis of 1389 measurements, accumulated between 1970 and 1974 of echo delays of laser signals transmitted from Earth and reflected from cube corners on the Moon show gravitational binding energy to contribute equally to Earth’s inertial and passive gravitational masses to within the estimated uncertainty of 1.5%. The corresponding restriction on the Eddington-Robertson parameters is 4β - ϒ - 3 = -0.001 ± 0.015. Combination with other results, as if independent, yields β = 1.003 ± 0.005 and ϒ = 1.008 ± 0.008, in accord with general relativity.
Predictors of Minimum Acceptable Diet among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Nepal: A Multilevel Analysis of Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019

Background: Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), developed by the WHO and UNICEF, is a binary indicator of infant and young child feeding practice that assesses the quality and sufficiency of a child’s diet between the ages of 6 and 23 months. Identifying factors associated with MAD among children can inform policymakers to improve children’s nutritional status. Methods: We extracted data of 1930 children aged 6–23 months from the Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. Multilevel analysis was performed to identify factors associated with MAD. Results: Only 30.1% of the children received MAD. Children aged 13–18 months [aOR (Adjusted odds ratio): 2.37, 95% CI (95% Confidence Interval): 1.77, 3.17] and 19–23 months (aOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.95, 3.47) were more likely to receive MAD than children aged 6–12 months. Early breastfed children (aOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.72), those currently breastfeeding (aOR: 4.13, 95% CI: 2.21, 7.69) and children without siblings aged under five (aOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.73) were more likely to receive MAD. Younger maternal age (aOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–1.0), higher level of mother’s education (aOR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.0–1.08) and more media exposure among mothers (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.21) were positive predictors of MAD. Relatively disadvantaged ethnicity/caste (aOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.94), rural residence (aOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.00) and residing in Madhesh province (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37, 1.0) were also significant predictors of MAD. Conclusions: Children aged 6–12 months, without appropriate breastfeeding, having under-five years siblings, with older mother or mother without media exposure or low education, from relatively disadvantaged ethnicity/caste, from urban areas and residing in Madhesh Province were less likely to receive MAD. Our findings can inform infant and young child feeding policies and practices in Nepal.
Essentials of the method of maximal singularities

We start with a very brief description of the principal events in the history of our subject. About 1870 M.Noether discovered [N] that the group of birational automorphisms of the projective plane BirP, which is known also as the Cremona group CrP, is generated by its subgroup AutP = AutC/C and any quadratic Cremona transformation τ , which in a certain system of homogeneous coordinates can be written down as τ : (x0: x1: x2) → (x1x2: x0x2: x0x1). Noether’s arguments were as follows. Take any Cremona transformation
High-intensity interval training combining rowing and cycling efficiently improves insulin sensitivity, body composition and VO2max in men with obesity and type 2 diabetes

Aims Non-weight-bearing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) involving several muscle groups may efficiently improve metabolic health without compromising adherence in obesity and type 2 diabetes. In a non-randomized intervention study, we examined the effect of a novel HIIT-protocol, recruiting both lower and upper body muscles, on insulin sensitivity, measures of metabolic health and adherence in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Methods In 15 obese men with type 2 diabetes and age-matched obese (n=15) and lean (n=18) glucose-tolerant men, the effects of 8-weeks supervised HIIT combining rowing and cycling on ergometers (3 sessions/week) were examined by DXA-scan, incremental exercise test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry. Results At baseline, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (GDR) was ~40% reduced in the diabetic vs the non-diabetic groups (all p<0.01). In response to HIIT, insulin-stimulated GDR increased ~30-40% in all groups (all p<0.01) entirely explained by increased glucose storage. These changes were accompanied by ~8-15% increases in VO2max, (all p<0.01), decreased total fat mass and increased lean body mass in all groups (all p<0.05). There were no correlations between these training adaptations and no group-differences in these responses. HbA1c showed a clinically relevant decrease in men with type 2 diabetes (4±2 mmol/mol; p<0.05). Importantly, adherence was high (>95%) in all groups and no injuries were reported. Conclusions A novel HIIT-protocol recruiting lower and upper body muscles efficiently improves insulin sensitivity, VO2max and body composition with intact responses in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The high adherence and lack of injuries show that non-weight-bearing HIIT involving several muscle groups is a promising mode of exercise training in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Effect of cognitive reserve on physiological measures of cognitive workload in older adults with cognitive impairments

Background: Cognitive reserve may protect against cognitive decline. However, its effect on physiological measures of cognitive workload in adults with cognitive impairments is unclear. Objective: The aim was to determine the association between cognitive reserve and physiological measures of cognitive workload in older adults with and without cognitive impairments. Methods: 29 older adults with cognitive impairment (age: 75 (6), 11 (38%) women, MOCA scores 20 (7)) and 19 with normal cognition (age: 74 (6); 11 (58%) women; MOCA 28 (2)) completed a working memory test of increasing task demand (0-, 1-, 2-back). Cognitive workload was indexed using amplitude and latency of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) at electrode sites Fz, Cz, and Pz, and changes in pupillary size, converted to an index of cognitive activity (ICA). The Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) evaluated Education, Work Activity, and Leisure Time as a proxy of cognitive reserve. Results: Higher CRIq total scores were associated with larger P3 ERP amplitude (p=0.048), independent of cognitive status (p=0.80), task demand (p=0.003), and electrode site (p<0.0001). This relationship was mainly driven by Work Activity (p=0.0005). Higher CRIq total scores also correlated with higher mean ICA (p=0.002), regardless of cognitive status (p=0.29) and task demand (p=0.12). Both Work Activity (p=0.0002) and Leisure Time (p=0.045) impacted ICA. No relationship was found between CRIq and P3 latency. Conclusion: Cognitive reserve affects cognitive workload and neural efficiency, regardless of cognitive status. Future longitudinal studies should investigate the causal relationship between cognitive reserve and physiological processes of neural efficiency across cognitive aging.
Defining the local part of a hidden variable model: a comment

In [Physical Review Letters 101, 050403 (2008)], we showed that quantum theory cannot be explained by a hidden variable model with a non-trivial local part. The purpose of this comment is to clarify our notion of local part, which seems to have caused some confusion in the recent literature. This notion is based on Bell's and demands that local hidden variables are physical, the idea being that, if discovered, they would not contradict basic physical principles. We explain why the recent supposed "counterexamples" that have appeared are not counterexamples to our theorem--in fact they are based on a definition of local hidden variables which would allow signalling and is therefore not physical.
Notes on verb agreement prefixes in Tibeto-Burman

Research on comparative Tibeto-Burman verbal morphology has achieved preliminary reconstructions of the hierchical patterns and position classes of the agreement system. The status of the prefixes which are part of the system in some branches remains problematic. Only one true personal agreement prefix, 2nd person #te-, appears to be as ancient as the suffixal agreement series. Others are language-specific innovations more recent than PTB. One clue to the origin of these secondary prefixes, as David Watters and Sun Hongkai have suggested, is their resemblance to possessive pronominal prefixes. The 2nd person k- prefix which several scholars reconstruct is a secondary intrusion of a 2nd person possessive prefix into the verb paradigm. The “marked scenario” prefix found in some Nung and Kiranti languages is likewise a secondary innovation in which original #te- was replaced by 2nd person #na- or #i-, the latter originally a 1pl Inclusive index.
Repetition rate and wavelength tuning of monolithic 40 GHz mode-locked lasers based on InP

The repetition rate and wavelength tuning behaviour of monolithically integrated 40 GHz modelocked lasers based on GaInAsP/InP for passive and hybrid mode-locking have been investigated experimentally. Large repetition rate shifts (/spl ges/500 MHz) and locking bandwidths (100. 500 MHz) are demonstrated by only changing the dc gain and absorber bias conditions. Simultaneously, the width of the 2 ps pulses and low timing jitter values (<300 fs) are kept almost unchanged. A pronounced influence of wavelength tuning on other pulse characteristics and repetition rate tuning is not observable. The achieved tuning ranges are discussed in relation to existing fabrication tolerances.
On the cosmic microwave background large-scale angular correlations

Aims. We study the large-scale angular correlation signatures of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations from WMAP data in several spherical cap regions of the celestial sphere, outside the Kp0 or Kp2 cut-sky masks. Methods. We applied a recently proposed method to CMB temperature maps to permit an accurate analysis of their angular correlations in the celestial sphere through the use of normalized histograms of the number of pairs of such objects with a given angular separation versus their angular separation. The method allows for a better comparison of the results from observational data with the expected CMB angular correlations of a statistically isotropic universe, computed from Monte-Carlo maps according to the WMAP best-fit Λ CDM model. Results. We found that the already known, anomalous lack of large-scale power in full-sky CMB maps is mainly due to deficient angular correlations of a quadrupole-like signature. This result is robust with respect to frequency CMB maps and cut-sky masks. Moreover, we also confirm previous results regarding the uneven distribution in the sky of the large-scale power of WMAP data. In a bin-to-bin correlation analyses, measured by the full covariance matrix $\chi^2$ statistic, we found that the angular correlation signatures in opposite Galactic hemispheres are anomalous at a 98%–99% confidence level.
Convergence groups and configuration spaces

We give an account of convergence groups from the point of view of groups which act properly discontinuously on spaces of distinct triples. We give a proof of the equivalence of this characterisation with the dynamical definition of Gehring and Martin. We focus our attention on uniform convergence groups, i.e. those for which the action on the space of distinct triples is also cocompact, and explore some of their properties from a purely dynamical point of view. We show that the space of distinct unordered n-tuples in any continuum is connected. Moreover, the spaces of distinct ordered n-tuples in any metrisable continuum other than a circle or an arc is also connected.
Large Eddy Simulation of thermoacoustic instabilities in annular combustion chambers

La conception des turbines a gaz est aujourd'hui contrainte par des normes d'emissions de plus en plus draconiennes, couplees a l'urgente necessite d'economiser les ressources en carburant fossile. Les choix technologiques adoptes pour repondre a ces exigences entrainent parfois l'apparition d'instabilites de combustion. Dans les chambres de combustion annulaires, ces instabilites prennent souvent la forme de modes azimutaux. Predire ces modes reste un defi a l'heure actuelle et impose de considerer la totalite de la geometrie annulaire, ce qui n'est rendu possible, dans le domaine de la simulation numerique en mecanique des fluides, que par l'avenement tres recent des supercalculateurs massivement paralleles. Dans ce travail de these, les modes azimutaux pouvant apparaitre dans les chambres de combustion annulaires sont abordes avec plusieurs approches: un modele analytique 1D, un solveur acoustique de Helmholtz 3D et enfin des Simulations aux Grandes Echelles. Combiner ces methodes permet une meilleure comprehension de la structure de ces modes et peut amener a considerer des solutions innovantes pour concevoir des chambres inconditionnellement stables.
Analysis and propagation of uncertainties due to the stage–discharge relationship: a fuzzy set approach

Abstract River discharges are typically derived from a single-valued stage–discharge relationship. However, there is usually no one-to-one relationship between stage and discharge, and the use of a single-valued relationship may lead to uncertainties. This paper considers fuzzy set theory-based methods for analysis and propagation of uncertainties. The uncertainty analysis involves the application of fuzzy linear and nonlinear regression methods to define upper and lower bounds of the relationship, which expresses discharge values as fuzzy numbers. The resulting membership function of a peak discharge value is used for propagation of uncertainties in river channels and flood plains. This involves an application of the fuzzy alpha-level cut method together with a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The methods are demonstrated using data from the Lauffen gauging station on the River Neckar, Germany.
Every bordered Riemann surface is a complete conformal minimal surface bounded by Jordan curves

In this paper, we find approximate solutions of certain Riemann–Hilbert boundary value problems for minimal surfaces in Rn and null holomorphic curves in Cn for any n⩾3 . With this tool in hand, we construct complete conformally immersed minimal surfaces in Rn which are normalized by any given bordered Riemann surface and have Jordan boundaries. We also furnish complete conformal proper minimal immersions from any given bordered Riemann surface to any smoothly bounded, strictly convex domain of Rn which extend continuously up to the boundary; for n⩾5, we find embeddings with these properties.
Fundamental limits for light absorption and scattering induced by cooperative electromagnetic interactions

Absorption and scattering of electromagnetic waves by dielectric media are of fundamental importance in many branches of physics. In this Letter we analytically derived the ultimate upper limits for the absorbed and scattered powers by any system of optical resonators in mutual interaction. We show that these bounds depend only on the geometric configuration given an incident field. We give the conditions to fullfill to reach these limits paving so a way for a rational design of optimal metamaterials.
Quantum clock synchronization and quantum error correction

I consider quantum protocols for clock synchronization, and investigate in particular whether entanglement distillation or quantum error-correcting codes can improve the robustness of these protocols. I also draw attention to some unanswered questions about the relativistic theory of quantum measurement. This paper is based on a talk given at the NASA-DoD Workshop on Quantum Information and Clock Synchronization for Space Applications (QuICSSA), September 25-26, 2000.
Estimating the health impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage tax for informing policy decisions about the obesity burden in Vietnam

Background Considered a "best buy" intervention to cope with the obesity burden, a tax on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) has been adopted in more than 40 countries. In Vietnam, a tax on SSBs has been proposed several times (most recently in 2017). This study aimed to estimate the health impacts of different SSB tax plans currently under discussion to provide an evidence base to inform decision-making about a SSB tax policy in Vietnam. Method Five tax scenarios were modelled, representing three levels of price increase: 5%, 11% and 19-20%. Scenarios of the highest price increase were assessed across three different tax designs: ad valorem, volume-based specific tax & sugar based specific tax. In each case we modelled SSB consumption in each tax scenario; how this reduction in consumption translates to a reduction in total energy intake and how this relationship in turn translates to an average change in body weight and obesity status among adults by applying the calorie-to weight conversion factor. Changes in diabetes type 2 diabetes burden were then calculated based on the change in average body mass index of the modelled cohort. A Monte Carlo simulation approach was applied on the conversion factor of weight change and diabetes risk reduction for the sensitivity analysis. Results While the impact of a 5% price increase arising from a tax was relatively small, increasing SSBs price up to 20% appeared likely to impact substantially on national overweight and obesity rates. The greatest reduction in rates was observed for the population who were categorised as being overweight and obesity grade 1. The decline in overweight and obesity prevalence rates was slightly higher for women than men. Differences were evident across the three tax designs considered with a specific tax based on sugar density achieving greatest effects .
Postoperative throat discomfort and associated factors among elective surgical patients at Ethiopian Teaching Hospitals

Introduction Throat pain and airway discomfort are the most commonly upsetting conditions of the patients wellbeing after surgery. However; little is known about the problem and associated factors. Objective To assess the magnitude, severity and associated factors of throat discomfort within 24 hours after surgery. Design: Facility-based cross-sectional study was employed from July 01 to December 30, 2021. Data was extracted through patient interview and document review during the postoperative period. Setting The study was conducted at Ambo university referral hospital. On average, about six major elective surgical procedures are performed each day with a total of >1800 patients per year. The patients were scheduled from Orthopedic and trauma, General Surgery, Gynecologic, and Obstetric surgery department. Participant Using systematic sampling technique 370 elective surgical patients were recruited (k=2) and 36 were excluded from analysis; with incomplete data.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study on COVID-19 among the general population of Nepal.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the global health challenges in the current context. In Nepal, the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January 2020, and since then it has resulted in several negative impacts including economic disruption and deterioration of physical and mental health. In such a pandemic, it is indispensable to understand the knowledge and behavioral patterns of the general population regarding COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on COVID-19, among the general population and its relationship with socio-demographic conditions. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from eight districts of Nepal which included Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Morang, Sunsari, Rupandehi, Chitwan, and Kaski. Descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric statistical tests, and a logistic regression model were used for analysis. The study showed that 93.3% of respondents had knowledge of overall preventive practice whereas only 32% had knowledge of overall symptoms of COVID-19. Regarding attitude, only 14.3% believed that they will get rid of COVID-19 soon. The preventive practice was reduced after lockdown compared to that during lockdown. The respondents with white-collar occupations, high-income, and unmarried were good at KAP. Similarly, highly educated and those residing in urban areas had good knowledge and practice. The study findings will help in the development of targeted programs to improve the knowledge, attitude, practice of the general population on COVID-19, which is of paramount importance to deal with the existing pandemic and also such possible future waves of the pandemic.
Gaussian Process Regression Analysis for Functional Data

Introduction Functional Regression Models Gaussian Process Regression Some Data Sets and Associated Statistical Problems Bayesian Nonlinear Regression with Gaussian Process Priors Gaussian Process Prior and Posterior Posterior Consistency Asymptotic Properties of the Gaussian Process Regression Models Inference and Computation for Gaussian Process Regression Model Empirical Bayes Estimates Bayesian Inference and MCMC Numerical Computation Covariance Function and Model Selection Examples of Covariance Functions Selection of Covariance Functions Variable Selection Functional Regression Analysis Linear Functional Regression Model Gaussian Process Functional Regression Model GPFR Model with a Linear Functional Mean Model Mixed-Effects GPFR Models GPFR ANOVA Model Mixture Models and Curve Clustering Mixture GPR Models Mixtures of GPFR Models Curve Clustering Generalized Gaussian Process Regression for Non-Gaussian Functional Data Gaussian Process Binary Regression Model Generalized Gaussian Process Regression Generalized GPFR Model for Batch Data Mixture Models for Multinomial Batch Data Some Other Related Models Multivariate Gaussian Process Regression Model Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models Optimal Dynamic Control Using GPR Model RKHS and Gaussian Process Regression Appendices Bibliography Index Further Reading and Notes appear at the end of each chapter.