Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geologic Structure of the Uppermost Oceanic Crust Created at Fast- to Intermediate-Rate Spreading Centers

▪ Abstract Geological investigations of major fault scarps (“tectonic windows”) and DSDP/ODP Drill Holes provide direct views of the uppermost oceanic crust generated at fast- to intermediate-rate spreading centers. These areas reveal a consistent upper crustal structural geometry with basaltic lava flows defining a pattern of downward increasing (“inward”) dip toward the spreading center at which they formed and dikes in the lavas and underlying sheeted dike complex showing a similar degree of “outward” dip. Widespread fracturing, faulting, and hydrothermal metamorphism accompanied magmatic construction. These geological relationships can be interpreted in terms of dramatic, asymmetrical, subaxial subsidence of upper crustal rock units that diminishes across the very narrow (few kilometers wide) zone of lava accumulation and dike intrusion at the ridge axis. This type of crustal structure is in accord with some existing models of spreading but augments these idealized views with more realistic geological.
Using characteristic spectral bands of OMIS1 imaging spectrometer to retrieve urban land surface temperature

According to the reflectance spectra of various materials, this paper mainly studies the relations between inherent features indicated by different combinations of characteristic spectral bands and surface temperature for five land surface cover types in the Shanghai area. On the basis of above‐analysis results, we used the built optimum regression models to retrieve surface temperature, and then the precision and feasibility of the correlation method were evaluated. Results show that a clear and high correlativity exists between characteristic spectral bands and surface temperature. The maximum error is about 2.0 K by using correlation models to estimate urban land surface temperature, and main error of retrieved temperature results from mistakenly classification and existent mixture pixels. This indicates that characteristic spectral bands can be used as a modulating parameter for the estimation of surface temperature.
Sequence of mineral assemblages in differentiated granitic pegmatites

Revised sequence is (1) plagioclase, quartz, muscovite, (2) plagioclase, quartz, (3) quartz, perthite, plagioclase, (4) perthite, quartz, (5) quartz, plagioclase, perthite, spodumene (or petalite), amblygonite, (6) quartz, spodumene (or petalite), (7) quartz, microcline or perthite, (8) quartz, and (9) lepidolite or lithian mica, plagioclase, quartz, microcline. --Modified journal abstract.
Modelling vulnerability of streamflow allocations in international river basins with open-source gridded climate input

The study addresses the need to evaluate the vulnerability of streamflow allocations in transboundary rivers with scarce hydro-climatic data. Two open-source gridded climate data sets, ERA-40 reanalysis and CRU TS 2.1, were employed in hydrological models for the rivers Kunene, Upper Niger and Upper Jordan. These climate data sets served as input to two different models, a simple bucket water-balance model and the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model. Error ranges of the resulting streamflow simulations were then compared with existing terms of transboundary water allocation commitments. The results show considerable variations in the precipitation inputs in time and space. Modelling on a daily time step was unsuccessful based on this input. Modelling on a monthly time step reflects the large input range during the wet season. The unreliability of climate input and model inaccuracy suggest that the applied method is insufficient for predicting the vulnerability of streamflow allocations.
1.3 Plant Performance and Biodiversity GREEN ROOFS FOR BIODIVERSITY: RECONCILING AESTHETICS WITH ECOLOGY

The promotion of green roofs for their wider value for biodiversity has received great attention recently. Indeed, in a number of European cities, the main driver for implementation of green roofs is their habitat value, particularly where development on the ground is destroying or threatening protected or rare wildlife sites. A particular approach has developed that has lead to certain types of green roof being referred to as „biodiversity roofs‟, and a set of rules has emerged (closely related to concepts of restoration ecology) that typify an approach that is good for biodiversity. This paper reviews some of these rules or assumptions, using the latest scientific evidence, and evaluates their direct application to the green roof context. Specific aspects covered include: the use of native plant species only (assumed to be better fitted than non-natives to regional climates, and to support a wider range of other life than non-native plants); the use of locally-characteristic plant communities (assumed to provide local distinctiveness, and again because such communities are better fitted to local conditions); the use of local-provenance material and local ecotypes (assumed to preserve local genetic diversity and locally adapted populations); and the use of local soils and substrates (assumed to be better fitted to local conditions, to best support local vegetation, and to have lower „embodied energy‟ than other substrates). Many of these assumptions do not hold true in pure ecological terms, but they are highly beneficial in creating distinctive green roofs that reflect local conditions. Finally, the author sets out a framework that considers aesthetic as well as scientific criteria when designing green roofs for biodiversity. The creation of wildlife habitat on building surfaces has long been recognised as one of the principle benefits of green roofs. It assumes particular importance where high density urban development eliminates or severely restricts green space, or threatens or removes habitats at ground level. Moreover, the types of plant and animal communities that spontaneously develop on walls and roofs, together with other surfaces with non-existent or skeletal substrates add an additional dimension to urban ecosystems, more closely resembling the sort of vegetation that occurs naturally on cliffs, rock outcrops, scree slopes and gravely river edges (14), all of which may
Initiation of basement thrust detachments by fault-zone reaction weakening

Abstract This paper examines how crystalline basement thrust sheets can detach in foreland thrust belts, in terms of the deformation mechanisms and rheological evolution of the detachment fault zones. Basement thrust fault zones of the Moine Thrust Belt and the external Western Alps show relatively narrow thrust zones considering the large displacements accommodated. Microscopic examination of fault rocks from these high strain thrust zones show that syntectonic alteration of fractured feldspars to white mica of strong preferred orientation generated ultramylonites deforming by diffusion creep and other viscous deformation mechanisms, similar to documented basement thrust zones in North America. Motivated by these observations coupled with other published examinations of foreland basement thrust zones, and recent developments in crustal hydrology, a conceptual model is proposed to explain basement detachment formation and evolution. Meteoric fluid that percolated into a previously fractured upper crust is drawn into developing fault zones by dilatancy pumping during the early stages of thrust-related deformation. The generation of cataclastic fault rocks with fresh fracture surfaces by microfracturing enhances the rate of fluid-rock interaction. Syntectonic alteration causes a deformation-mechanism transition to phyllosilicate-dominated ductile fault-rock rheologies, resulting in a large ductility contrast between host rock and fault zone that inhibits growth of the zone into the wall rock and weakens the thrust. Deformation becomes focused into these weakened early thrust zones so that they become zones of high strain, preventing the development of other newer fault zones elsewhere. This model explains the detachment and continued sliding of basement thrust sheets on narrow mica-rich zones of high strain in foreland thrust belts, and suggests that reaction weakening of the basement is important in decreasing the strength of the foreland crust in orogenic wedge evolution.
Effect of biocementation on the strength and stability of termite mounds

Termite mounds are bioengineered granular ensembles that remain stable over decades, a vital requirement for termite societies that house millions of individual termites. An experimental study on the mechanobiology of mounds and mound soil of the fungus-growing termite Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) demonstrated that termites are capable engineers. Mound soil was significantly different in its physical and mechanical properties compared to the surrounding or ‘control’ soil. However, mound and control soils did not differ in clay mineralogy. Utilising the finer soil fraction, termites altered the soil significantly by cohering grains through their secretions into units called boluses, in the presence of water. Termites modulated the amount of water close to the plastic limit of the soil while preparing these boluses such that the soil could be effectively moulded. The cementation effected by termites using their secretions and/or excretions enhanced the strength of the soil tenfold, which may not be achievab.
PROBABILISTIC CONSTRUCTION OF SIMPLY-LACED TODA CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES

Following the 1984 seminal work of Belavin, Polyakov and Zamolodchikov on two-dimensional conformal ﬁeld theories, Toda conformal ﬁeld theories were introduced in the physics literature as a family of two-dimensional conformal ﬁeld theories that enjoy, in addition to conformal symmetry, an extended level of symmetry usually referred to as W-symmetry or higher-spin symmetry. More precisely Toda conformal ﬁeld theories provide a natural way to associate to a ﬁnite-dimensional simple and simply-laced Lie algebra a conformal ﬁeld theory for which the algebra of symmetry contains the Virasoro algebra. In this document we use the path integral formulation of these models to provide a rigorous mathematical construction of simply-laced Toda conformal ﬁeld theories based on probability theory. By doing so we recover expected properties of the theory such as the Weyl anomaly formula with respect to the change of background metric by a conformal factor and the existence of Seiberg bounds for the correlation functions.
Effects of Regular Physical Activity in Water with and Without Ginger Supplementation on Adiponectin in Obese Female with Breast

) were divided into groups of ginger supplements and exercise The Water Department ginger supplements daily for 6 weeks orally 4 capsules (750 mg) were used. Programs supplement group ginger exercise and water exercise group placebo juice containing a combination of increased intensity and distance training, with 50% to 75% heart rate reserve for 60 to 75 minutes in a pool with a width of 15 meters and a depth of 4 m, 4 times a week 6 weeks was performed. Fasting blood samples were collected at pre-test and post-test
Opting Out?: Why Women Really Quit Careers and Head Home

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The Dream Team 2. Family Matters 3. Home Alone 4. Gilded Cages 5. The Choice Gap 6. Half-Full, Half-Empty 7. Mothers of Re-Invention 8. Cocooning: The Drift to Domesticity 9. Dreams and Visions: Getting There Appendix: Study Methodology Notes References Index
INVENTORY AND BIODIVERSITY OF SPECIES EDIBLE WILD RUITS SOLD IN THE MARKETS OF DOUALA, CAMEROON

In total 24 species of wild fruits listed in 18 genera and 15 families were identified and inventoried in four markets in Douala (Cameroon). The Sterculiaceae and Zingiberaceae are best represented. The dominant fruit are berries and drupes with 16 species (66.67%). The frequency of these fruits in the markets is related to dietary habits of ethnic consumers and varies with the seasons. The strategies proposed in the use of these fruits, concern methods of sustainable use and conservation of forest ecosystems.
Multidisciplinary Approaches (JESMA)

Private higher education in Lebanon is facing mounting challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented economic crisis that has left the once-distinguished sector struggling for survival. These crises require private universities to bolster their education and reputation in order to remain afloat amid the drain of competent labor as well as widespread corruption that permeates all levels of society. By attracting and retaining ethical leaders and fostering an ethical climate characterized by open communication, accountability, and trust, universities in Lebanon can stand out as resilient knowledge - intensive organizations and beacons of hope in a surrounding marked by despair. Drawing on social learning and social exchange theories, this quantitative study empirically examines the direct and indirect relationships among ethical leadership, ethical climate, and the bidirectional process of knowledge sharing (knowledge collecting and knowledge donating). In total, 585 responses from academic and non-academic staff employed in nine private higher education institutions in Lebanon were collected via a web-based self-administered questionnaire using the Qualtrics platform. Hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS were used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal that ethical leadership positively influences employee knowledge sharing behavior specifically, the study presents evidence that perceptions of the ethical climate serve as a mechanism through which ethical leadership affects knowledge collection and donation in varying strengths. The findings encourage the deeper consideration of ethics in higher education leadership and demonstrate the role universities must play in creating the conditions that facilitate knowledge sharing.
Intelligent 3D Shape Modeling and Image Manipulation

Computer Graphics and in particular 3D geometric modeling is familiar to everyone from computer-animated films and video games. In fact, digital 3D shape modeling is inherent to our daily lives, even if we don't notice it: practically every manufactured object around us was first designed on a computer, be it a car, a table, a toy or a building. Modern 3D scanning technology enables to capture 3D geometry, much like digital photography or music recording. However, current methods and software for shape modeling and design are tedious and time-consuming to use, they require prolonged training and high professional skills, precluding them from being used by the wider public and causing a significant productivity bottleneck in the industry. In my research, I investigate the underlying mathematics and algorithms, as well as user interfaces that could make the creation of 3D geometry intuitive, accessible and efficient, for professional artists and designers and for the general public alike. I have developed a novel geometric representation called “differential coordinates”, which extracts and represents local surface details in order to efficiently model and store 3D shapes digitally. The local differential properties turn out to be important for the human perception, and for the function of 3D shape. Based on this representation, together with my collaborators, we have proposed several highly efficient algorithms that enable to easily create, edit and animate digital 3D shapes in real time on commodity hardware, even when the shapes have high resolution and geometric complexity. The discrete differential approach is also beneficial for many image and video processing operations. The current article describes the concept and its applications in the various domains of Computer Graphics.
Multidisciplinary Approaches

Instructional leadership has a remarkable importance in student learning and school development in the international literature. This situation enables researchers to examine different aspects of instructional leadership. This study aims to synthesize qualitative research findings examining the instructional leadership behaviors of school principals in Türkiye. Meta-synthesis method was employed; thus, 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using this method. The studies constituting the study's data source were accessed by scanning the databases of ERIC, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, YÖKTEZ (Council of Higher Education, National Thesis Center), and ULAKBİM (Turkish Academic Network and Information Center). As a result of the research, three themes were obtained: Instructional leadership behaviors, effects of instructional leadership, and factors hindering instructional leadership. Although the research results indicate positive relationships between instructional leadership and organizational effectiveness and development, the roles of school principals as instructional leaders in the Turkish education system, which has a centralized structure, are reflected in their actual daily practices to a limited extent. To this end, there is a need for more comprehensive empirical studies and evidence-based models of exactly how instructional leadership affects organizational development in the Turkish literature.
X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE SOMBRERO GALAXY: DISCRETE SOURCES

We present a study of discrete X-ray sources in and around the bulge-dominated, massive Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M104), based on new and archival Chandra observations with a total exposure of ∼200 ks. With a detection limit of LX ≈ 1037 erg s−1 and a field of view covering a galactocentric radius of ∼30 kpc (11.′5), 383 sources are detected. Cross-correlation with Spitler et al.'s catalog of Sombrero globular clusters (GCs) identified from HST/ACS observations reveals 41 X-ray sources in GCs, presumably low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). Metal-rich GCs are found to have a higher probability of hosting these LMXBs, a trend similar to that found in elliptical galaxies. On the other hand, the four most luminous GC LMXBs, with apparently super-Eddington luminosities for an accreting neutron star, are found in metal-poor GCs. We quantify the differential luminosity functions (LFs) for both the detected GC and field LMXBs, whose power-law indices (∼1.1 for the GC-LF and ∼1.6 for field-LF) are consistent with previous studies for elliptical galaxies. With precise sky positions of the GCs without a detected X-ray source, we further quantify, through a fluctuation analysis, the GC-LF at fainter luminosities down to 1035 erg s−1. The derived index rules out a faint-end slope flatter than 1.1 at a 2σ significance, contrary to recent findings in several elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31. On the other hand, the 2–6 keV unresolved emission places a tight constraint on the field LF, implying a flattened index of ∼1.0 below 1037 erg s−1. We also detect 101 sources in the halo of Sombrero. The presence of these sources cannot be interpreted as galactic LMXBs whose spatial distribution empirically follows the starlight. Their number is also higher than the expected number of cosmic active galactic nuclei (52 ± 11 [1σ]) whose surface density is constrained by deep X-ray surveys. We suggest that either the cosmic X-ray background is unusually high in the direction of Sombrero, or a distinct population of X-ray sources is present in the halo of Sombrero.
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF WINE ECONOMISTS

Crowd-sourced ratings are becoming pervasive in the wine industry with 100M+ 5-star reviews accessible online. An online exercise simulating the retail environment collected data from 21,636 wine “purchases” from 1202 participants. Using discrete choice modeling and regression analysis, this study investigated the influence of crowd-sourced ratings relative to rating-volume, shopper demographics, and wine attributes. Results show that crowd-sourced ratings influence wine purchasing decisions for all wine categories, although to varying degrees, and even surpass the influence of professional ratings with sufficient rating-volume. Younger generations with middle to high incomes, greater wine knowledge, who purchased wine at higher-than-average volumes and prices were generally more likely to be influenced by crowd-sourced ratings. The relative influence of the rating is correlated to a combination of familiarity of the wine variety/origin, price, and the manner in which wines are arranged on a shelf (i.e. mixed vs pre-sorted shelving). The quantitative findings open powerful possibilities for new marketing strategies for retailers, producers, distributors, and restaurants/bars.
A modiﬁed scheme for wind farm parameterization in WRF considering the impact of the ﬂoating wind turbine on waves

A new scheme is developed for ﬂoating wind farm parameterization (FWFP) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The impacts of the side columns of a semi-submersible ﬂoating wind turbine on waves are ﬁrstly parameterized in the spectral wave model (SWAN) where the key idea is to consider both inertial and drag forces on side columns. A machine learning model is trained using results of idealized high-resolution SWAN simulations and then implemented in the WRF to calculate the frictional velocity at the turbine site. This frictional velocity is passed to the Fitch wind farm parameterization to form the FWFP. The diﬀerence between our new scheme and the original Fitch scheme in a realistic case is investigated using a coupled atmosphere-wave model. Results indicate that the FWFP can increase total power output of wind farms by over 5% in the high wind speed stage due to signiﬁcant wave height attenuation caused by large-scale
Isotopic variability in lake littoral organisms presents a challenge for food web studies

Most studies of lake ecosystems, including those that use stable isotope analysis (SIA), have traditionally concentrated on the pelagic system (Beaudoin et al. 2001, Vander Zanden & Vadeboncoeur 2002). Hence, temporal, spatial, and interspecies variability in isotopic signatures of pelagic food web components (especially zooplankton) have been the focus of recent studies (e.g., Matthews & Mazumder 2003, 2007). Recent SIA studies have also clearly indicated, however, that benthic production and the littoral areas of lakes may contribute more than previously thought to the whole lake ecosystem energy budget (Hecky & Hesslein 1995, Vander Zanden & Vadeboncoeur 2002, Vander Zanden et al. 2006). Studies of lake food webs based on SIA often assume single isotope values to represent baseline values for pelagic and littoral food webs. These values may then be used as “end members” in isotope mixing models, such as to assess trophic positions or relative contributions from different energy sources. But such single values ignore temporal, spatial or especially inter-specific variation in stable isotope values for these primary consumers, as shown for pelagic consumers by Matthews & Mazumder (2003). Such variability may have considerable impacts on the outputs from mixing models and hence on the inferences drawn about food web structure. Lake littoral habitats have received much less attention in this respect, despite being important feeding areas for many fish species and therefore contributing significantly to the observed stable isotope signatures at higher trophic levels. Littoral habitats are also inherently more heterogeneous than pelagic habitats, and primary production from phytoplankton, periphyton, and macrophytes, combined with allochthonous sources of energy, potentially result in complex and variable isotopic signatures in littoral primary consumers (Syvaranta et al. 2006). We present stable isotope data for littoral invertebrate consumer populations (benthic invertebrates and zooplankton) from Lake Jyvasjarvi in central Finland and show how variation in isotope signatures between different littoral invertebrate consumers can be reflected at higher trophic levels.