Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A voltage‐dependent depolarization induced by low external glucose in neurons of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius: interaction with KATP channels

Neurons from the brainstem nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) participate in the counter‐regulatory mechanisms in response to hypoglycaemia. ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are expressed in NTS neurons, and are partially open at rest in normoglycaemic 5 mM glucose. In normoglycaemic conditions, most NTS neurons depolarize in response to low external glucose (0.5 mM), via a voltage‐dependent mechanism. Conversely, most NTS neurons incubated in hyperglycaemic 10 mM glucose do not respond to low glucose due to a more positive resting membrane potential caused by the closure of KATP channels following increased intracellular metabolic ATP. Our findings show that in hyperglycaemic conditions, NTS neurons failed to sense rapid changes in external glucose, which could be related to hypoglycaemia‐associated autonomic failure.
Enhanced Audio Steganography using Triple DES and DWT Transformation

With the growing number of aging population and a significant portion of that suffering from cardiac diseases, it is conceivable that remote ECG patient monitoring systems are expected to be widely used as point-of-care (PoC) applications in hospitals around the world. Therefore, huge amount of ECG signal collected by body sensor networks from remote patients at homes will be transmitted along with other physiological readings such as blood pressure, temperature, glucose level, etc., and diagnosed by those remote patient monitoring systems. It is utterly important that patient confidentiality is protected while data are being transmitted over the public network as well as when they are stored in hospital servers used by remote monitoring systems. In this paper, a wavelet-based steganography technique has been introduced which combines encryption and scrambling technique to protect patient confidential data. The proposed method allows ECG signal to hide its corresponding patient confidential data and other physiological information thus guaranteeing the integration between ECG and the rest. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique on the ECG signal, two distortion measurement metrics have been used: the percentage residual difference and the wavelet weighted PRD. It is found that the proposed technique provides high-security protection for patients data with low (less than 1%) distortion and ECG data remain diagnosable after watermarking (i.e., hiding patient confidential data) and as well as after watermarks (i.e., hidden data) are removed from the watermarked data. Keywords— Steganography, DWT, ECG, Triple DES.
The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 – Part 2: Cloud evaluation, aerosol radiative forcing and climate sensitivity

Abstract. The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 (E63H23) and the previous model versions ECHAM5.5-HAM2.0 (E55H20) and ECHAM6.1-HAM2.2 (E61H22) are evaluated using global observational datasets for clouds and precipitation. In E63H23 low cloud amount, liquid and ice water path and cloud radiative effects are more realistic than in previous model versions. E63H23 has a more physically based aerosol activation scheme, improvements in the cloud cover scheme, changes in detrainment of convective clouds, changes in the sticking efficiency for accretion of ice crystals by snow, consistent ice crystal shapes throughout the model, changes in mixed phase freezing and an inconsistency in ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) in cirrus clouds was removed. Biases that were identified in E63H23 (and in previous model versions) are a too low cloud amount in stratocumulus regions, deep convective clouds in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans form too close to the continents and there are indications that ICNCs are overestimated. Since clouds are important for effective radiative forcing due to aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFari+aci) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), also differences in ERFari+aci and ECS between the model versions were analyzed. ERFari+aci is weaker in E63H23 (−1.0 W m−2) than in E61H22 (−1.2 W m−2) (or E55H20; −1.1 W m−2). This is caused by the weaker shortwave ERFari+aci (new aerosol activation scheme and sea salt emission parameterization in E63H23, more realistic simulation of cloud water) overcompensating the weaker longwave ERFari+aci (removal of an inconsistency in ICNC in cirrus clouds in E61H22). The decrease in ECS in E63H23 (2.5 K) compared to E61H22 (2.8 K) is due to changes in the entrainment rate for shallow convection (affecting the cloud amount feedback) and a stronger cloud phase feedback.
Metadata of the chapter that will be visualized in SpringerLink

Cross-domain sentiment classifiers aim to predict the polarity (i.e. sentiment orientation) of target text documents, by reusing a knowledge model learnt from a different source domain. Distinct domains are typically heterogeneous in language, so that transfer learning techniques are advisable to support knowledge transfer from source to target. Deep neural networks have recently reached the state-of-the-art in many NLP tasks, including in-domain sentiment classification, but few of them involve transfer learning and cross-domain sentiment solutions. This paper moves forward the investigation started in a previous work [1], where an unsupervised deep approach for text mining, called Paragraph Vector (PV), achieved cross-domain accuracy equivalent to a method based on Markov Chain (MC), developed ad hoc for cross-domain sentiment classification. In this work, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is included into the previous investigation, showing that memory units are beneficial for cross-domain when enough training data are available. Moreover, the knowledge models learnt from the source domain are tuned on small samples of target instances to foster transfer learning. PV is almost unaffected by fine-tuning, because it is already able to capture word semantics without supervision. On the other hand, fine-tuning boosts the cross-domain performance of GRU. The smaller is the training set used, the greater is the improvement of accuracy.
Comparison the Effect of One or Double Side Surgery of Abomasal Displacement on Milk Production and Reproductive Performance in Iranian Holstein Dairy Cow

OjectiveThe study was conducted in a dairy farm around Neyshaboor city and was intended to compare each omentopexy surgery (one or two sided) on cows with abomasal displacement in terms of its effect on milk yield. AnimalsA dairy farm DesignDescriptive ProceduresThe amount of milk produced at intervals of 10 days before surgery and on days 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60after surgery were recorded. All animals between days 10 and 20 after calving were operated. Information about the amount of milk produced in the two groups were collected and analyzed for determination of differences between one side surgery (right flank surgical incision alone, group A) and bilateral surgery (right and left flank surgical incision together, group A) on the cows with displacement of the abomasum. Repeated Measures ANOVA statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. ResultsComparison of milk production in the two groups indicated that Milk yield at day 10 after surgery is significantly higher in the group had bilateral surgery that could indicate a faster recovery of group A compared to cows of group A. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the process of return to milk production until day 60 after surgery. Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceUnilateral surgery for correction of abomasal displacement due to faster return to peak of milk production and less time is needed to complete surgery and fewer complications after surgery it is recommended over the bilateral surgery model. Key WordsSurgery, Flank, Milk production, Dairy cow
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN HASIL BELAJAR KIMIA

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar kimia melalui model pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada materi laju reaksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja di kelas XI MIA 2 semester gasal tahun ajaran 2016∕2017 subjek berjumlah 29 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Tes digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar kemampuan awal siswa dan hasil belajar, dan lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Discovery Learning terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Keberhasilan penerapan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa ditunjukan dengan adanya perubahan dalam proses siklus I kenaikan nilai ratarata kelas setelah adanya tindakan dari semula pretest sebesar 85,70 % naik menjadi 89,70% pada saat postest. Peningkatan jumlah peserta didik yang mencapai nilai KKM sebesar 17,24%. Pada siklus II keberhasilan ditunjukan dengan kenaikan nilai rata-rata kelas setelah adanya tindakan dari semula pretest sebesar 62,1% naik menjadi 79,3% pada saat postest. Peningkatan jumlah peserta didik yang mencapai nilai KKM sebesar 6,8%. Nilai yang dicapai masih dikategorikan dalam kriteria Sangat Baik. Berdasarkan analisis keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa, keberhasilan penerapan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa ditunjukan oleh persentase berpikir kritis siswa yang berada pada kriteria kritis dari 80,57% pada pertemuan kedua siklus I meningkat pada kriteria sangat kritis menjadi pada kriteria 88,5% pada pertemuan kedua siklus II. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Discovery Learning terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMA Negeri 2 Singaraja di kelas XI MIA 2 semester gasal tahun ajaran 2016∕2017.
Characteristics of inflammatory cytokine gene expression profiles of cerebral cortex and white matter of rats with hypoxic-ischemic cerebral palsy

Objective To investigate the mechanism of inflammatory cytokine network in the development of cerebral palsy(CP). Methods 30 healthy male Sprague Dawley 7-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into two groups:CP model group and control group,15 rats each group.Rats in the model group were ligated at the right common carotid artery,followed by exposure to hypoxia(0.08 volume fraction of O2 and 0.92 volume fraction of N2)for 2 h.Rats in the control group only incised the anterior cervical skin.The results of the repeated gait intervals and the time of crossing balancing beam and the histological changes via hematoxylin-eosin stain were used to prove the successful CP model 3 weeks after operation.Gene expression profiles of rat cerebral white matter and cerebral cortex tissues from each group were analyzed by using inflammatory cytokines and receptors cDNA microarrays,respectively.Differentially expressed genes were screened.Results CP model using unilateral common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia was successfully established through the results of the gait repeated interval and the time of crossing balancing beam and the histological changes via hematoxylin-eosin stain.Compared with the control group,there were 10 and 8 differentially up-regulated expressed pro-inflammatory genes and receptors,ewapectively(P0.05),and 3 down-regulated anti-inflammatory genes in rat cerebral white matter and cerebral cortex tissues in the CP model group(P0.05). Conclusions Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and receptors was up-regulated in the cerebral white matter and cerebral cortex tissues of the CP rats,which may eventually contribute to disequilibrium of the network of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and receptors and disequilibrium of response of pro-and anti-inflammatory system and high inflammatory response state,thus providing new mechanistic insight into CP.
Dexamethasone induces primary amnion epithelial cell senescence through telomere-P21 associated pathway†

Abstract Dexamethasone (Dex), a corticosteroid hormone, is used during the perinatal period to help fetal lung and other organ development. Conversely, Dex-induced cell proliferation has been associated with accelerated aging. Using primary amnion epithelial cells (AECs) from term, not in labor, fetal membranes, we tested the effects of Dex on cell proliferation, senescence, and inflammation. Primary AECs treated with Dex (100 and 200 nM) for 48 h were tested for cell viability (crystal violet dye exclusion), cell cycle progression and/or type of cell death (flow cytometry), expression patterns of steroid receptors (glucocorticoid receptor, progesterone receptor membrane component 1&2), inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and IL-8), and telomere length (quantitative RT-PCR). Mechanistic mediators of senescence (p38MAPK and p21) were determined by western blot analysis. Dex treatment did not induce AEC proliferation, cell cycle, influence viability, or morphology. However, Dex caused dependent telomere length reduction and p38MAPK-independent but p21-dependent (confirmed by treatment with p21 inhibitor UC2288). Senescence was not associated with an increase in inflammatory mediators, which is often associated with senescence. Co-treatment with RU486 produced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cellular necrosis with an increase in inflammatory mediators. The effect of Dex was devoid of changes to steroid receptors, whereas RU486 increased GR expression. Dex treatment of AECs produced nonreplicative and noninflammatory senescence. Extensive use of Dex during the perinatal period may lead to cellular senescence, contributing to cellular aging associated pathologies during the perinatal and neonatal periods. Summary Sentence Dexamethasone induces telomere-dependent p21 mediated non-replicated and non-inflammatory senescence in fetal amnion epithelial cells.
Effects of HSP27 expression on the adhesion junction of cells during acute pancreatitis in rats

Objective To explore the effects of heat shock protein 27(HSP27)expression on adhesion junction of cells during severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)and mild acute pancreatitis(MAP)in rats.Methods Ninty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups:Group A(SAP),Group B(MAP)and group C(control). Rats in the three groups were killed at 1h,3h.and 8h after model made respectively.The levels of serum amylase(SAM)and histopathology score were measured.Changes of adhesion junctions were examined by electron microscopy.HSP27 and its phosphorylation were measured by Western-blotting.The expression of HSP27 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR.Results Levels of SAM increased in group A and group B,but was markedly lower in Group B(P0.05). In group A,there was a rapid and sustained increase in levels of pancreatic indexes,and severe interstitial edema(P0.05),and damages of adhesion junctions were observed.In group B,there was moderate pancreatic edema and disruption of adhesion junctions.The expression of HSP27,its mRNA and its phosphorylation levels were lower in group A than those in group B(P0.05). Conclusions Alterations of adhesion junction are a common feature of AP,but the damage of HSP27 and its phosphorylation which regulate adhesion junctions were more severe during SAP.The results suggest that HSP plays an important role in the onset and development of AP.
Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Growth and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) Juveniles

Two-factor-intersecting experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of temperature and salinity on the antioxidant enzymatic activities in the muscles of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) juveniles under the laboratory conditions. In this experiment three levels of water temperature(26, 29, 32) were set, and four levels of salinity(11, 19, 27, 35) were set respectively. Two factors engendered 12 combinations in all on each level. The cobia juveniles had been reared in the glass fiber tanks for 20 days. Then the fish samples were obtained randomly from each tank to examine the activities of SOD (Superoxide dismutase), CAT (Catalase) and GPX (Glutathione Peroxidase). The results showed that salinity induced adaptive responses such as increase in the antioxidant enzymatic activities, mainly those of SOD and CAT, as well as in GPX values. The activities of SOD,CAT and GPX increased from 17.74±3.38, 19.44±2.66 and 13.70±2.99 U/mg at 35 to 30.14±1.76, 35.63±10.59 (P0.05) on the activities of SOD and CAT. Except temperature, the salinity and interaction all had significant effect (P0.05) on the activity of GPX.
Immunohistochemical Expression of E- and N-Cadherin in Nodular Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic Carcinoma

Background: Different theories have been postulated to explain the development of nodular prostatic hyperplasia (NPH). Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiologic process in which the epithelial cells lose their polarity and cell-cell adhesion and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential role of E- and N-cadherin in the induction of EMT in NPH and prostatic carcinoma. Methods: This study was carried out on 55 cases of NPH and 20 cases prostatic carcinoma for evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of E and N cadherins. Results: Most NPH (54/55 cases, 98.2%) and all cases of prostatic carcinoma showed positive N-cadherin expression in prostatic glands and stroma. High percentage of N-cadherin expression by stromal cells was significantly in favor of prostatic carcinoma compared to NPH. High percentage of N-cadherin expression by epithelial cells of carcinoma group was significantly associated with young age while its high expression by stromal cells was significantly associated with multicentricity. About 96.4% of NPH and 75% of prostatic carcinoma showed positive E-cadherin expression with a significant difference. No significant association between E-cadherin and N-cadherins in both NPH and prostatic carcinoma was identified. Conclusions: The prominent expression of N-cadherin in large numbers of NPH and prostate carcinoma cases in the epithelial and stromal components could point to the occurrence of EMT in those diseases. It also opens a new gate for treatment of those patients by targeting N-cadherin molecule. The absence of inverse association between E-cadherin and N-cadherins in NPH and prostatic carcinoma may indicate that cadherin switch is not an essential step for the development of EMT.
Traffic Accident’s Severity Prediction: A Deep-Learning Approach-Based CNN Network

In traffic accident, an accurate and timely severity prediction method is necessary for the successful deployment of an intelligent transportation system to provide corresponding levels of medical aid and transportation in a timely manner. The existing traffic accident’s severity prediction methods mainly use shallow severity prediction models and statistical models. To promote the prediction accuracy, a novel traffic accident’s severity prediction-convolutional neural network (TASP-CNN) model for traffic accident’s severity prediction is proposed that considers combination relationships among traffic accident’s features. Based on the weights of traffic accident’s features, the feature matrix to gray image (FM2GI) algorithm is proposed to convert a single feature relationship of traffic accident’s data into gray images containing combination relationships in parallel as the input variables for the model. Moreover, experiments demonstrated that the proposed model for traffic accident’s severity prediction has a better performance.
ON THE GENUS WENTZELELLA

Wentzelella is one of the most characteristic genera of the early Permian in SouthChina,Japan,India,Iran,Iraq,Italy,Germany,New Zealand and elsewhere.The gen-eric name was created by Grabau in 1927.Grabau defined this genus as follows:“Prismatic corallites inclose contact,septa extending to the epitheca without the externalzone of vesicular tissue found in Lonsdaleia columella of the complicated Lonsdaleia-type”. The genotype of this genus is Lonsdaleia salinaria Waagen et Wentzel.Grabau had not noted whether the tertiary septa of this genus are presentor not . Many ausepta.In the genotype of Wentzelella . we have found that the tertiary septa are rather distinct.The generic diagnosis of this genus should thus be emended and all species of Wentzelella should be revised.There are hitherto 32 known species and varieties in the genus Wentzelella.According to the order of septa,the presence or absence of epitheca, the character of columella and the character of tablae ,the 28 known species and varieties of this genus may be divided into six groups:
Aspiration failure. A Poverty Trap for indigenous children in Peru? (Documento de Trabajo 116 – Fracaso de las aspiraciones: ¿una trampa de la pobreza para los niños indígenas del Perú?

Esta investigacion busca contribuir a comprender los mecanismos subyacentes del complejo proceso de exclusion de los indigenas en el Peru. Las aspiraciones de los ninos indigenas son similares a las de los ninos no indigenas cuando se observan a los ninos de un mismo nivel socio-economico. Sin embargo, la distancia entre la realidad (actual) socio-economica de los ninos indigenas y la que pretenden alcanzar es tremendamente mas amplia que la que hay entre las expectativas de sus pares no indigenas y su propia realidad.La distancia que los ninos indigenas tienen que recorrer entre su contexto real y sus proyecciones es casi el doble que la que les toca a los ninos no indigenas. Esa gran diferencia es por las altas restricciones economicas de los ninos indigenas o a las mayores limitaciones para acceder a informacion. Este hallazgo rebate la hipotesis de que los ninos indigenas han internalizado prejuicios raciales sobre ocupaciones y oportunidades, lo que los llevaria a que carezcan de aspiraciones. El estudio muestra que es esta gran brecha la que impediria que los ninos tomen decisiones para progresar, como invertir en la educacion. Este trabajo usa una estrategia original para estimar el efecto causal de la brecha entre la realidad de los ninos indigenas y sus aspiraciones en los resultados educativos. La estimacion se hace sobre la base de una variable instrumental calculada usando el Censo de la Poblacion. Nuestros estimados sugieren que la brecha de los ninos indigenas es tan grande que tiene un efecto positivo sobre la probabilidad de que repitan el grado. El efecto desalentador de la gran brecha para los ninos indigenas sobre el esfuerzo que ponen en la escuela se hace mas importante cuando ellos crecen, en la medida que ellos estan mas conscientes del largo trayecto entre sus aspiraciones y su situacion. Asi, se concluye que el fracaso de los ninos indigenas en alcanzar sus aspiraciones deviene de la inequidad persistente entre las personas indigenas y no indigenas. Ello muestra que los ninos indigenas enfrentan una gran brecha entre su realidad y sus aspiraciones, que termina afectando sus decisiones, y los lleva a invertir menos en su educacion. Este estudio fue presentado en la Conferencia sobre Inequidades en los Resultados de los Ninos en Paises en Vias de Desarrollo entre el 8 y 9 de julio de 2013, organizado por la Universidad de Oxford