Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Hypothesis Testing-Based Cepstrum Thresholding for Nonparametric Spectral Estimation

In this letter we revisit the problem of smoothed nonparametric spectral estimation via cepstrum thresholding. We formulate the problem of cepstrum thresholding as a multiple hypothesis testing problem and use the false discovery rate (FDR) and familywise error rate (FER) procedures to threshold the cepstral coefficients. We compare the FDR and FER approaches with a previously proposed individual hypothesis testing approach and show that the cepstrum thresholding based on FDR and FER can yield spectral estimates with lower mean square error (MSE).
A note on generalized Fibonacci numbers

Abstract Starting from the simplest recurrence relations of second order, in this paper are suggested direct solutions obtained from a generalization of Pascal’s Triangle. With some binomial formulas, it isn’t necessary anymore to calculate roots of associated equations, and the extension of parameters’ definition field to the complex field can be done without any difficulty. The general cases in which the coefficients are functions of an integer variable are studied, too.
Transition probability and preferential gauge

: This paper is concerned with whether or not the preferential gauge can ensure the uniqueness and correctness of results obtained from the standard time-dependent perturbation theory, in which the transition probability is formulated in terms of matrix elements of Hamiltonian. For a dynamical quantum process, the major objective of the existing perturbation theory is to calculate the transition probability between diﬀerent eigenstates. The theory, which was proposed by Dirac at the very early stage of quantum theory[1] and has been serving as an important part of quantum mechanics in textbooks[2], gives an analytical expression of transition probability in terms of matrix elements of the Hamiltonian representing perturbations. concept
The Shapley Supercluster. II. Spectroscopic Observations in a Wide Area and General Morphology

We report 2868 new multiobject spectroscopic measurements of galaxy redshifts in an area roughly 12° × 6° (right ascension × declination) centered on the Shapley Supercluster (SSC). These correspond to 2627 different galaxies. Including other measurements reported in the literature, the total number of galaxies with measured redshifts in a 19° × 16° area centered on the supercluster now reaches 5090. Of these, 2949 lie in the redshift range 9000–18,000 km s-1, which we tentatively identify with the SSC. This unprecedented sample allows a quite detailed qualitative morphological study of the SSC. Based on the three-dimensional distribution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, we identify several subcondensations of the supercluster, as well as walls and filaments connecting them. We also find another supercluster in the background, at redshift ∼23,000 km s-1.
Comprehensive stellar seismic analysis

Aims. We develop a method that provides a comprehensive analysis of the oscillation spectra of solar-like pulsators. We define new seismic indicators that should be as uncorrelated and as precise as possible and should hold detailed information about stellar interiors. This is essential to improve the quality of the results obtained from asteroseismology as it will provide better stellar models which in turn can be used to refine inferences made in exoplanetology and galactic archaeology. Methods. The presented method – WhoSGlAd – relies on Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalisation process. A Euclidean vector sub-space of functions is defined and the oscillation frequencies are projected over an orthonormal basis in a specific order. This allowed us to obtain independent coefficients that we combined to define independent seismic indicators. Results. The developed method has been shown to be stable and to converge efficiently for solar-like pulsators. Thus, detailed and precise inferences can be obtained on the mass, the age, the chemical composition and the undershooting in the interior of the studied stars. However, attention has to be paid when studying the helium glitch as there seems to be a degeneracy between the influence of the helium abundance and that of the heavy elements on the glitch amplitude. As an example, we analyse the 16CygA (HD 186408) oscillation spectrum to provide an illustration of the capabilities of the method.
Origin of the efficient light emission from inversion domain boundaries in GaN

Intentionally produced inversion domain boundaries in GaN have been reported to be highly efficient shallow recombination centers. This letter report a rationale for this phenomenon based on ab initio density-functional calculations. A model is also proposed, based on the existence of polarization in GaN, of the observation that a domain boundary acts as a rectifying junction under voltage applied between the two opposite-polarity surfaces.
Application of linearly independent arithmetic transform in testing of digital circuits

Recently introduced linearly independent arithmetic (LIA) transforms and their corresponding spectral coefficients are used to detect faults in digital circuits. The results show that for many classes of logical functions, the LIA logic transformations are advantageous in terms of the number of their coefficients that have to be checked to identify the faults when compared to the case of the well-known arithmetic transform.
How the axial anomaly controls flavor mixing among mesons

It is well known that because of the axial anomaly in QCD, mesons with $J^P = 0^-$ are close to $SU(3)_{\mathrm{V}}$ eigenstates: the $eta^\prime(958)$ meson is largely a singlet, and the $\eta$ meson an octet. In contrast, states with $J^P = 1^-$ are flavor diagonal: \textit{e.g.}, the $\phi(1020)$ is almost pure $\bar{s} s$. Using effective Lagrangians, we show how this generalizes to states with higher spin, assuming that they can be classified according to the unbroken chiral symmetry of $G_{\mathrm{fl}} = SU(3)_{\mathrm{L}} \times SU(3)_{\mathrm{R}}$. We construct effective Lagrangians from terms invariant under $G_{\mathrm{fl}}$, and introduce the concept of \textit{hetero-} and \textit{homo}chiral multiplets. Because of the axial anomaly, only terms invariant under the $Z(3)_{\mathrm{A}}$ subgroup of the axial $U(1)_{\mathrm{A}}$ enter. For heterochiral multiplets, which begin with that including the $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime(958)$, there are $Z(3)_{\mathrm{A}}$ invariant terms with low mass dimension which cause states to mix according to $SU(3)_{\mathrm{V}}$ flavor. For homochiral multiplets, which begin with that including the $\phi(1020)$, there are no $Z(3)_{\mathrm{A}}$ invariant terms with low mass dimension, and so states are diagonal in flavor. In this way we predict the flavor mixing for the heterochiral multiplet with spin one, as well as for hetero- and homochiral multiplets with spin two and spin three.
Discovery of a Transient Magnetar: XTE J1810–197

We report the discovery of a new X-ray pulsar, XTE J1810-197, that was serendipitously discovered on 2003 July 15 by the Rossi X- Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) while observing the soft gamma repeater SGR 1806-20. The pulsar has a 5.54 s spin period, a soft X-ray spectrum (with a photon index of ≈4), and is detectable in earlier RXTE observations back to 2003 January but not before. These show that a transient outburst began between 2002 November 17 and 2003 January 23 and that the source's persistent X-ray flux has been declining since then. The pulsar exhibits a high spin-down rate ≈ 10-11 s s-1 with no evidence of Doppler shifts due to a binary companion. The rapid spin-down rate and slow spin period imply a supercritical characteristic magnetic field B ≃ 3 × 1014 G and a young age τ ≤ 7600 yr. Follow-up Chandra observations provided an accurate position of the source. Within its error radius, the 1.5 m Russian-Turkish Optical Telescope found a limiting magnitude RC = 21.5. All such properties are strikingly similar to those of anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters, providing strong evidence that the source is a new magnetar. However, archival ASCA and ROSAT observations found the source nearly 2 orders of magnitude fainter. This transient behavior and the observed long-term flux variability of the source in absence of an observed SGR-like burst activity make it the first confirmed transient magnetar and suggest that other neutron stars that share the properties of XTE J1810-197 during its inactive phase may be unidentified transient magnetars awaiting detection via a similar activity. This implies a larger population of magnetars than previously surmised and a possible evolutionary connection between magnetars and other neutron star families.
Modeling the Dynamics of Cometary Fragments: Application to Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake

Abstract A tridimensional model for the dynamics of cometary fragments is presented, using a direct integration of the vectorial sum of forces. This model is validated with a complete set of images of Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake, between March 22 and April 6, 1996, UT, by making the assumption that the bright condensations visible in the near-nucleus coma were minicomae surrounding nucleus fragments. It is concluded that the observations can be explained with the emission of a major fragment on March 21.4, 1996, UT, accompanied by six minor fragments. The emission of that major fragment followed an increase in the comet's activity by a few days. The main consequences for cometary space missions are discussed.
Early dark energy cosmologies

We propose a novel parameterization of the dark energy density. It is particularly well suited to describe a non-negligible contribution of dark energy at early times and contains only three parameters, which are all physically meaningful: the fractional dark energy density today, the equation of state today and the fractional dark energy density at early times. As we parameterize Ωd(a) directly instead of the equation of state, we can give analytic expressions for the Hubble parameter, the conformal horizon today and at last scattering, the sound horizon at last scattering, and the acoustic scale as well as the luminosity distance. For an equation of state today w0<−1, our model crosses the cosmological constant boundary. We perform numerical studies to constrain the parameters of our model by using cosmic microwave background (CMB), large scale structure (LSS) and supernovae Ia (SNe Ia) data. At 95% confidence, we find that the fractional dark energy density at early times Ωde<0.06. This bound tightens considerably to Ωde<0.04 when the latest Boomerang data are included. We find that both the gold sample of Riess et al and the SNLS data of Astier et al when combined with CMB and LSS data mildly prefer w0<−1, but are well compatible with a cosmological constant.
Transcranial optical monitoring for detecting intracranial pressure alterations in children with benign external hydrocephalus: a proof-of-concept study

Abstract. Significance Benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is considered a self-limiting pathology with a good prognosis. However, some children present a pathological intracranial pressure (ICP) characterized by quantitative and qualitative alterations (the so-called B-waves) that can lead to neurological sequelae. Aim Our purpose was to evaluate whether there were cerebral hemodynamic changes associated with ICP B-waves that could be evaluated with noninvasive neuromonitoring. Approach We recruited eleven patients (median age 16 months, range 7 to 55 months) with BEH and an unfavorable evolution requiring ICP monitoring. Bedside, nocturnal monitoring using near-infrared time-resolved and diffuse correlation spectroscopies synchronized to the clinical monitoring was performed. Results By focusing on the timing of different ICP patterns that were identified manually by clinicians, we detected significant tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) changes (p = 0.002) and blood flow index (BFI) variability (p = 0.005) between regular and high-amplitude B-wave patterns. A blinded analysis looking for analogs of ICP patterns in BFI time traces achieved 90% sensitivity in identifying B-waves and 76% specificity in detecting the regular patterns. Conclusions We revealed the presence of StO2 and BFI variations—detectable with optical techniques—during ICP B-waves in BEH children. Finally, the feasibility of detecting ICP B-waves in hemodynamic time traces obtained noninvasively was shown.
Quantum conductance of graphene nanoribbons with edge defects

The conductance of metallic graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with single defects and weak disorder at their edges is investigated in a tight-binding model. We find that a single edge defect will induce quasi-localized states and consequently cause zero-conductance dips. The center energies and breadths of such dips are strongly dependent on the geometry of GNRs. Armchair GNRs are much more sensitive to a vacancy than zigzag GNRs, but are less sensitive to a weak scatter. More importantly, we find that with a weak disorder, zigzag GNRs will change from metallic to semiconducting due to Anderson localization. But a weak disorder only slightly affects the conductance of armchair GNRs. The influence of edge defects on the conductance will decrease when the widths of GNRs increase.
1/f fluctuations in spinning-particle motions around a Schwarzschild black hole

We study the properties of chaos in the motions of a spinning test particle in Schwarzschild spacetime. We characterize the chaos using the power spectrum of the time series of z components of the particle's position. It is found that the pattern of the power spectrum shows not only white noise but also 1/f-type fluctuation, depending on the value of the total angular momentum J and the spin S of the test particle. Therefore we succeed in classifying the chaotic motions, which have been classified as simply chaotic ones in former works, into the two distinct types. One is 1/f, and the other is white noise. Based on this classification, we plot, in the two-dimensional parameter space (J,S), the phase diagram for the properties of the chaos. This phase diagram enables us in principle to guess the properties of the system (J,S) by observing the dynamics of the test particle, even if the motion is chaotic. Furthermore, we detect that the origin of the 1/f fluctuation is that the particle motion stagnates around regular orbits (tori), while traveling back and forth between them, which is called 'stagnant motion' or 'sticky motion' in Hamiltonian dynamical systems. The point is that themore » difference of the property of the chaos or the power spectra is due to the topological structure of the phase space, which in turn is governed by the physical parameter set (J,S) of the system. From this point of view, the chaos we found in this system is not always merely random. « less
Quantum interference with slits

A quantum experiment consists of a preparation procedure followed by the measurement of a specified observable. In the experiments considered here, the y-component of momentum is measured after a particle passes through a system of slits. The source–slit system is the preparation apparatus that determines the initial state |ψ. Recognizing that a system of slits is a position-measuring device allows us to determine |ψ. Then, a straightforward calculation gives P (py) = |py |ψ|2 the probability that a particle will pass through a system of slits with momentum py = p sin θ. Interference effects are inherent in this probability function. We perform the calculation for four different slit systems. The method is suitable for an upper level course in quantum mechanics.
No disks around low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the young sigma Orionis cluster?

We report on the analysis of 2MASS near-infrared data of a sample of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the σ Orionis cluster. Youth and cluster membership have been spectroscopically confirmed using the Li i spectral line. We find little evidence in the JHK s colour-colour diagram for near-infrared excess emission for these cluster members. By comparison with model expectations, at most 2 out of 34 stars show $(H-K_{\rm s})$ colour consistent with a near-infrared excess. This scarcity of near-infrared signatures of circumstellar disks in the lower-mass and substellar regimes of this cluster contrasts with findings in younger clusters, hinting at an age dependence of the disk frequency. Taking into account the apparent cluster age, our result supports the idea of a relatively fast (few Myr) disk dissipation and extends this conclusion to the substellar regime. We also find some evidence that, in this cluster, the disk frequency as measured by the K s -band excess may be mass dependent.
The General

We study the cosmological and weak-ﬁeld properties of theories of gravity derived by extending general relativity by means of a Lagrangian proportional to R 1+ δ . This scale-free extension reduces to general relativity when δ → 0. In order to constrain generalisations of general relativity of this power class we analyse the behaviour of the perfect-ﬂuid Friedmann universes and isolate the physically relevant models of zero curvature. A stable matter-dominated period of evolution requires δ > 0 or δ < − 1 / 4. The stable attractors of the evolution are found. By considering the synthesis of light elements (helium-4, deuterium and lithium-7) we obtain the bound − 0 . 017 < δ < 0 . 0012 . We evaluate the eﬀect on the power spectrum of clustering via the shift in the epoch of matter-radiation equality. The horizon size at matter–radiation equality will be shifted by ∼ 1% for a value of δ ∼ 0 . 0005 . We study the stable extensions of the Schwarzschild solution in these theories and calculate the timelike and null geodesics. No signiﬁcant bounds arise from null geodesic eﬀects but the perihelion precession observations lead to the strong bound δ = 2 . 7 ± 4 . 5 × 10 − 19 assuming that Mercury follows a timelike geodesic. The combination of these observational constraints leads to the overall bound 0 ≤ δ < 7 . 2 × 10 − 19 on theories of this type.
Dependency of halo concentration on mass, redshift and fossilness in Magneticum hydrodynamic simulations

We study the dependency of the concentration on mass and redshift using three large N-body cosmological hydrodynamic simulations carried out by the Magneticum project. We constrain the slope of the mass-concentration relation with an unprecedented mass range for hydrodynamic simulations and find a negative trend on the mass-concentration plane and a slightly negative redshift dependency, in agreement with observations and other numerical works. We also show how the concentration correlates with the fossil parameter, defined as the stellar mass ratio between the central galaxy and the most massive satellite, in agreement with observations. We find that haloes with high fossil parameter have systematically higher concentration and investigate the cause in two different ways. First we study the evolution of haloes that lives unperturbed for a long period of time, where we find that the internal region keeps accreting satellites as the fossil parameter increases and the scale radius decreases (which increases the concentration). We also study the dependency of the concentration on the virial ratio and the energy term from the surface pressure $E_s$. We conclude that fossil objects have higher concentration because they are dynamically relaxed, with no in-fall/out-fall material and had time to accrete their satellites.
First characterization of Jbel Aklim in Moroccan Anti-Atlas as a potential site for the E-ELT

In the framework of the E-ELT project a prospecting campaign was launched by the ESO to select the site that will host the next generation of optical telescopes of 42 m diameter. Moroccan Anti-Atlas (Jbel Aklim) was selected as well as other sites (ORM, Ventarrones and Macon) to be a possible potential location that will house the E-ELT. In this paper we first present the reasons for the choice of Jbel Aklim as a E-ELT candidate through various exploration campaigns that we have achieved. The second part concerns description of instruments used. Finally we will present the preliminary results of the meteorological and MASS-DIMM measurements.
Transfer doping of Graphene by Species of Extreme Work Function

Density functional calculations are used to explain the charge transfer doping mechanism by which species physisorptively bonded to graphene can increase its free hole or electron density, without giving rise to defects, and thus maintain a high carrier mobility. Typical dopants studied are FeCl3, AuCl3, SbF5, HNO3, MoO3, Cs2O and O2. These systems do not break the {\pi} bonding of the basal plane are particularly important as these do not degrade the carrier mobility. In contrast, more reactive radicals like -OH cause a puckering of the basal plane and thereby act as defects.
The Influence of Political Awareness, Political Socialization, and Mass Media on Political Participation in Jambi Province

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of political awareness, political socialization and mass media on the political participation of the people of Jambi Province in the regional head election. Political participation is a form of community involvement in exercising their political rights in general elections both at the national and regional levels. The embodiment of political rights will affect every decision-making related to the interests of the community. This study uses a quantitative approach that uses statistical techniques with PLS model analysis techniques. The study was conducted on the people of Jambi City as many as 100 people were selected based on area sampling techniques. The research findings explain that the mass media has no direct effect on political participation. Political participation is directly influenced by the variables of Political Awareness and Political Socialization. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of mass media in the post-conflict local election in Jambi Province needs to be improved, especially information related to the political rights of the community. The tendency that occurs in the community is more interested in obtaining information related to entertainment because people are still accustomed to listening culture rather than reading culture.
Social Media, Unsocial Distraction? Testing the Associations between Preadolescents’ SNS Use and Belonging via Two Pathways

ABSTRACT The goal of the present study was to examine the social repercussions of preadolescents’ SNS use by testing two differential pathways regarding the role of technology in interpersonal relationships. Specifically, we expected preadolescents’ social media use to be associated with heightened self-disclosure, which we then predicted to relate to increased feelings of belonging to their friends. At the same time, we investigated whether such use would also hinder real-life peer interactions, thus constituting a negative indirect association with preadolescents’ belonging. We examined both pathways for overall usage of SNS platforms as well as use specifically directed at communication-oriented activities, and SNS use that was nonsocial in nature. Results from a cross-sectional survey (n = 367/489, Mage = 10.94, SDage = 0.85, 52.4% girls) showed that social media played a predominantly beneficial role in the social lives of preadolescents: both overall and socially-oriented SNS use were positively and indirectly related to belonging through shared time with friends. Gender moderated the association between specific SNS activities and self-disclosure, however, such that social activities were positively related to self-disclosure for boys, but not for girls. Conversely, nonsocial activities were negatively related to girls’ self-disclosure.