Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer in Non-Newtonian Flows by a Hybrid Immersed Boundary–Lattice Boltzmann and Finite Difference Method

A hybrid immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann and finite difference method for fluid–structure interaction and heat transfer in non-Newtonian flow is presented. The present numerical method includes four parts: fluid solver, heat transfer solver, structural solver, and immersed boundary method for fluid–structure interaction and heat transfer. Specifically, the multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method is adopted for the dynamics of non-Newtonian flow, with a geometry-adaptive technique to enhance the computational efficiency and immersed boundary method to achieve no-slip boundary conditions. The heat transfer equation is spatially discretized by a second-order up-wind scheme for the convection term, a central difference scheme for the diffusion term, and a second-order difference scheme for the temporal term. The structural dynamics is numerically solved using a finite difference method. The major contribution of this work is the integration of spatial adaptivity, thermal finite difference method, and fluid flow immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. Several benchmark problems including the developing flow of non-Newtonian fluid in a channel, non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat transfer around a stationary cylinder and flow around a stationary cylinder with a detached filament are used to validate the present method and developed solver. The good agreements achieved by the present method with the published data show that the present extension is an efficient way for fluid–structure interaction and heat transfer involving non-Newtonian fluid. The heat transfer around an oscillating cylinder in non-Newtonian fluid flow at Reynolds number of 100 is also numerically studied using the present solver, considering the effects of the oscillating frequency and amplitude. The results may be used to expand the currently limited database of fluid–structure interaction and heat transfer benchmark studies.
A New Family of Route Formulations for Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problems

We propose a new family of formulations with route-based variables for the split delivery vehicle routing problem with and without time windows. Each formulation in this family is characterized by the maximum number of different demand quantities that can be delivered to a customer during a vehicle visit. As opposed to previous formulations in the literature, the exact delivery quantities are not always explicitly known in this new family. The validity of these formulations is ensured by an exponential set of nonrobust constraints. Additionally, we explore a property of optimal solutions that enables us to determine a minimum delivery quantity based on customer demand and vehicle capacity, and this number is often greater than one. We use this property to reduce the number of possible delivery quantities in our formulations, improving the solution times of the computationally strongest formulation in the family. Furthermore, we propose new variants of nonrobust cutting planes that strengthen the formulations, namely limited-memory subset-row covering inequalities and limited-memory strong k-path inequalities. Finally, we develop a branch-cut-and-price (BCP) algorithm to solve our formulations enriched with the proposed valid inequalities, which resorts to state-of-the-art algorithmic enhancements. We show how to effectively manage the nonrobust cuts when solving the pricing problem that dynamically generates route variables. Numerical results indicate that our formulations and BCP algorithm establish new state-of-the-art results for the variant with time windows, as many benchmark instances with 50 and 100 customers are solved to optimality for the first time. Several instances of the variant without time windows are solved to proven optimality for the first time. Funding: This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Grants 306033/2019-4, 313220/2020-4, and 314088/2021-0], the Région Nouvelle Aquitaine, France [Grant AAPR2020A-2020-8601810], the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-20-CE40-0021-01], the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo [Grants 13/07375-0, 16/01860-1, and 19/23596-2], and the Paraíba State Research Foundation [Grants 261/2020 and 041/2023]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022. 0085 .
Capital Controls, Corporate Debt and Real Effects

Non-US firms have massively borrowed dollars (foreign currency, FX), leading to booms and crises. We show real effects of capital controls, including prudential benefits, via a firm-debt mechanism. Our identification exploits the introduction of a tax on FX-debt inflows in Colombia before the global financial crisis (GFC), and administrative datasets, including loan-level credit register data and firm-level information on FX-debt inflows and imports/exports. The results show that capital controls strongly reduce FX-debt inflows, especially for firms with larger ex-ante FX-debt exposure. Moreover, firms with weaker local banking relationships cannot substitute the FX-debt drop with domestic debt and thus experience a cut in total debt and imports upon the policy implementation. However, results suggest that –by preemptively reducing pre-crisis firm-level debt– capital controls boost exports and employment during the subsequent GFC, especially among financiallyconstrained firms.
A Model of Errors in BMI Based on Self-Reported and Measured Anthropometrics with Evidence from Brazilian Data

* The economics of obesity literature implicitly assumes that measured anthropometrics are error-free and they are often treated as a gold standard when compared to self-reported data. We use factor mixture models to analyse and characterize measurement error in both self-reported and measured anthropometrics with national representative data from the 2013 National Health Survey in Brazil. Indeed, a small but statistically significant fraction of measured anthropometrics are attributed to data-recording errors. The estimated mean body weight (height) for those cases that are subject to error is 10% higher (2.9% lower) than the estimated mean of latent true body weight (height). As they are imprecisely measured and due to individual’s reporting behaviour, only between 10% and 24% of our self-reported anthropometrics are free from any measurement error. Post-estimation analysis allows us to calculate hybrid anthropometric predictions that best approximate the true body weight and height distribution. BMI distributions based on the hybrid measures are close to those based on measured data, while BMI based on self-reported data under-estimates the true BMI distribution. Analysis of regression models for health care utilization shows little differences between the relationship with BMI when it is based on measured data or on our hybrid BMI measure, however some differences are observed when both are compared to BMI based on self-reported data. for their body weight and height to be measured along with self-reports of the same anthropometrics. This results in a working sample of 37,335 PNS respondents, men and non-pregnant women aged 20 or older, with valid self-reported and measured weight and height data. We focus on adults (aged 20+) to avoid any puberty-related changes in body-size. Comparisons of the distribution of BMI using self-reported, true BMI the is very close to the of BMI on measured anthropometrics; BMI based on self-reported data the true BMI distribution. We also explore the potential implications of when BMI based on self-reported or anthropometrics used as explanatory variable in econometric models on health care utilization. We find limited differences in our results between BMI based on measured data and our hybrid BMI measures, however some differences are observed when both are compared to the BMI based on self-reported data. These results are in line with the observed differences in the distribution of the different BMI measures and further confirm existing evidence suggesting that BMI based on self-reported data may bias econometric results when BMI is used as an explanatory variable (e.g., Cawley et al., 2015).
Request for Information to the Update of the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan: Responses

We propose that the government fund research into a key problem to better address the needs of data scientists: how to make recommendations on knowledge graphs in a way that conforms to arbitrary given symbolic logical constraints speciﬁed by domain e xperts. For example, how to take a knowledge graph about cleaning products that may associate Chlorox and Formula 409, but not recommend that pairing for sale because bleach and ammonia are a toxic combination. Currently, data scientists have no such “safety net” and must account for domain rules manually during e
Monetary Policy, Segmentation, and the Term Structure∗

We develop a segmented markets model which rationalizes the effects of monetary policy on the term structure of interest rates. As in the preferred habitat tradition, habitat investors and arbitrageurs trade bonds of various maturities. As in the intermediary asset pricing tradition, the wealth of arbitrageurs is a state variable which affects equilibrium term premia. When arbitrageurs’ portfolio features positive duration, an unexpected fall in the short rate revalues wealth in their favor and compresses term premia. A calibration to the U.S. economy accounts for the effects of monetary shocks along the yield curve while simultaneously rationalizing classic evidence on bond return predictability which does not condition on identified shocks. JEL codes: E44, E63, G12
Using technology acceptance model to measure the ese of social media for collaborative learning in Ghana

In this Digital era, thousands of teens in the universities use social network sites, it has become a way of life. Social Media Usage has recently received numerous debate in its impact on academics, with its advent, communities have become link to each other, but the lecture room still remains quite isolated, from other teachers, students, and a host of others who could potentially enhance learning. This study aimed at investigating the impact of social media usage on students’ academic performance through collaborative learning among university students in Ghana. (Based Davis et al,. 1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a conceptual framework was adopted for the study. To achieve the objectives, a quantitative data analysis method was employed. A total of 200 students were randomly surveyed for the study. Regression analysis revealed that, Interaction with peers, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness had a significant positive relationship with collaborative learning. Furthermore, results suggested that there exist a significant mediation effects on the relationship between social media usage dimensions and academic performance. TAM does not take into account environment or economic factors that may influence a person’s intention to perform a behavior. The study recommends a clear mobile learning methodologies, rules and policies for integrating student activities on social media into their final grades.
Influence of anthropogenic subsidies on movements of common ravens

: Anthropogenic subsidies can benefit populations of generalist predators such as common ravens (ravens; Corvus corax ), which in turn may depress populations of many types of species at lower-trophic levels, including desert tortoises ( Gopherus agassizii ) or greater sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus) . Management of subsidized ravens often has targeted local breeding populations that are presumed to affect species of concern and ignored “urban” populations of ravens. However, little is known about how ravens move, especially in response to the presence of anthropogenic subsidies. Therefore, subsidized ravens from distant populations that are not managed may influence local prey. To better understand this issue, we deployed global positioning system – global system for mobile communications transmitters to track movements of 19 ravens from September to December 2020 relative to 2 land cover types that provide subsidies: developed areas and cultivated crops. On average, ravens moved 41.5 km (±30.5) per day, although daily movement distances ranged from 0.13– 206.1 km. Raven movement among cover types during the non-breeding season varied widely, with 100% of individuals each using land cover types that provide subsidy and other types at least once in the season. On 100% of days ravens used areas that did not provide subsidy, on 86.7% of days they used developed areas, and on 20.5% of days they used cultivated crops. Although on some days a raven would stay exclusively in areas that did not provide subsidy, there were no days in which a single raven ever stayed exclusively in developed or cultivated crops. Ravens moved shorter distances on days when they used subsidies more frequently. Further, time spent in developed areas and cultivated crops increased when ravens roosted closer to them, although this effect was greater for developed areas than for cultivated crops. Individual ravens were not associated exclusively with either of the subsidy-providing landscapes we considered, but instead all birds used both subsidized and other landscapes. Our research suggests that management of ravens during the non-breeding season and possibly during the breeding season, intended to reduce risk of predation on desert tortoises, will be most effective if conducted on a broad scale because of distances the birds travel and the lack of separation between putative “urban” and “natural” populations of ravens.
Role of Air–Sea Interaction in the Long Persistence of El Nin˜o–Induced North Indian Ocean Warming*

El Nin˜o induces a basin-wide increase in tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST) with a lag of one season. The north IO (NIO), in particular, displays a peculiar double-peak warming with the second peak larger in magnitude and persisting well through the summer. Motivated by recent studies suggesting the importance of the TIO warming for the Northwest Paciﬁc and East Asian summer monsoons, the present study investigates the mechanisms for the second peak of the NIO warming using observations and general circulation models. This analysis reveals that internal air–sea interaction within the TIO is key to sustaining the TIO warming through summer. During El Nin˜o, anticyclonic wind curl anomalies force a downwelling Rossby wave in the south TIO through Walker circulation adjustments, causing a sustained SST warming in the tropical southwest IO (SWIO) where the mean thermocline is shallow. During the spring and early summer following El Nin˜o, this SWIO warming sustains an antisymmetric pattern of atmospheric anomalies with northeasterly (northwesterly) wind anomalies north (south) of the equator. Over the NIO as the mean winds turn into southwesterly in May, the northeasterly anomalies force the second SST peak that persists through summer by reducing the wind speed and surface evaporation. Atmospheric general circu- lation model experiments show that the antisymmetric atmospheric pattern is a response to the TIO warming, suggestive of their mutual interaction. Thus, ocean dynamics and Rossby waves in particular are important for the warming not only locally in SWIO but also on the basin-scale north of the equator, a result with important implications for climate predictability and prediction.
Micro and Macro Effects of UI Policies: Evidence from Missouri

We develop a method to jointly measure the response of worker search effort (micro effect) and vacancy creation (macro effect) to changes in the duration of unemployment insurance (UI) benefits. To implement this approach, we exploit an unexpected cut in UI durations in Missouri and provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effect of UI on the labor market. The data indicate that the cut in Missouri significantly increased job finding rates by both raising the search effort of unemployed workers and the availability of jobs. The latter accounts for at least one half of the total effect.
Soil Deformation around a Cylindrical Cavity under Drained Conditions: Theoretical Analysis

is paper proposes analytical solutions to the soil deformation around a cylindrical cavity under drained conditions. Analytical procedures are used to predict the degree of interaction between cavities and ground surface loads based on mathematical theorems. e stresses applied at the boundary condition induce the ground motions around the cylindrical cavity wall. Additionally, the Airy stresses are obtained throughmathematical derivatives and integrations by combining the Fourier analysis test with the Navier equations. Next, we established a schematic representation of the horizontal and vertical displacement related to the corrective shear model to obtain insight into the intensity and directions of ground stresses. e resulting transformations include displacement, shear, and deviatoric stresses applied to the cylindrical cavity wall. ese data can be used as input parameters for numerical simulations to alternatively solve the groundmass redistribution problems and calibrate the horizontal stress of drained soil conditions.
DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES Women’s Political Representation and Intimate Partner Violence

Any expressed in this are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. evidence-based policy on issues. IZA runs of aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. ABSTRACT We estimate the impact of female leaders on intimate partner violence experienced by women in districts from which they are elected. Exposure to female leaders in state legislatures in India increases the likelihood that female constituents in rural areas report experiencing physical violence from their husbands. This effect can be explained by an increase in women’s modern contraceptive use—resulting from improvements in public provision of health services in exposed districts—which leads to marital conflict, especially when the husband has a stronger preference for sons relative to the wife. the Individual controls of and indicator variables for living in a rural and District-level controls include the share of female population, the share of urban population, and the share of SC/ST population in the district, and the female and male literacy rates. Robust standard errors are clustered at the district level. ***, **, and denote signiﬁcance at the and 10 percent
Job Satisfaction, Structure of Working Environment and Firm Size

Employees’ wellbeing is important to the firms. Analysis of job satisfaction may give insight into various aspect of labor market behavior, such as worker productivity, absenteeism and job turn over. Little empirical work has been done on the relationship between structure of working environment and job satisfaction. This paper investigates the relationship between working environment, firm size and worker job satisfaction. We use a unique data of 28,240 British employees, Workplace Employee Relations Survey. In this data set the employee questionnaire is matched with the employer questionnaire. Four measures of job satisfaction considered are satisfaction with influence over job, satisfaction with amount of pay, satisfaction with sense of achievement and satisfaction with respect from supervisors. They are all negatively related to the firm size implying lower levels of job satisfaction in larger firms. The firm size in return is negatively related to the degree of flexibility in the working environment. The small firms have more flexible work environments. This is the first study that explore the effect of work amenities. We further find that, contrary to the previous results lower levels of job satisfaction in larger firms can not necessarily be attributed to the inflexibility in their structure of working environment.
Bring a Friend: Strengthening Women's Social Networks and Reproductive Autonomy in India

IZA DP No. 15381 JUNE 2022 Bring a Friend: Strengthening Women’s Social Networks and Reproductive Autonomy in India* We experimentally test if enabling individuals to incentivize others to socialize with them can strengthen social networks and improve well-being. We examine family planning access for women in India, who tend to be socially isolated and for whom peer support may overcome intrahousehold constraints. Enabling women to jointly visit a clinic with other women not only increased social ties and strengthened peer engagement, but also increased clinic visits and contraceptive use. Moreover, this intervention was more effective in improving reproductive autonomy of women who faced greater intrahousehold opposition than an intervention that only improved women’s own access to the clinic. JEL Classification: J13, J16, O15, O33, I15, Z13
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND MAQASID SHARIA PERFORMANCE ON ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA

The implementation of good corporate governance (GCG) can be seen in the relationship between the main elements of GCG mechanisms implemented by the board of commissioners (BOC) as supervisors, the board of directors (BOD) as managers, and the sharia supervisory board (SSB) as directors, consultants, and supervisors on sharia compliance of Islamic banks. This study aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance on the maqasid sharia-based performance of Islamic banks (Bank Umum Syariah–BUS) in Indonesia from 2016 to 2019. Corporate governance is proxied by the number of BOC, BOD, the audit committee, and SSB. Based on the purposive sampling criteria, 8 BUS are used as samples in this study, with a total of 32 observations. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of annual reports and GCG reports. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results show that BOC has a negative effect on the maqasid sharia-based performance of Islamic banks. In contrast, BOD positively impacts the maqasid sharia-based performance of Islamic banks. On the other hand, the audit committee and SSB do not affect the maqasid sharia-based performance of Islamic banks.