Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mantle cell lymphoma – advances in molecular biology, prognostication and treatment approaches

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is clinically characterised by its heterogenous behaviour with courses ranging from indolent cases that do not require therapy for years to highly aggressive MCL with a very limited prognosis. A better understanding of the complex biology of MCL has already led to the approval of several innovative agents, expanding the landscape of MCL therapies and improving therapeutic options especially for refractory/relapsed (R/R) disease.
Impact of Curcumin on Microsomal Enzyme Activities: Drug Interaction and Chemopreventive Studies.

Curcumin, a yellow pigment in Asian spice, is a natural polyphenol component of Curcuma longa rhizome. Curcuminoid components include curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Previous studies established curcumin as a safe agent based on preclinical and clinical evaluations and curcuminoids have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS). The present review collects and summarizes clinical and preclinical studies of curcumin interactions, with an emphasis on the effect of curcumin and curcumin analogs on the mRNA and protein levels of microsomal CYP450 enzymes (phase I metabolism) and their interactions with toxicants, drugs and drug probes. The literature search was conducted using keywords in various scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies concerning the impact of curcumin and curcumin analogs on microsomal enzyme activity are reviewed and include oral, topical, and systemic treatment in humans and experimental animals, as well as studies from in vitro research. When taken together the data identified some inconsistent results between various studies. The findings showed significant inhibition of CYP450 enzymes by curcumin and its analogs. However such effects often differed when curcumin and curcumin analogs were coadministered with toxicant and other drugs and drug probes. We conclude from this review that herb-drug interactions should be considered when curcumin and curcumin analogs are consumed.
Trends in Soccer-Related Ocular Injuries within the United States from 2010 through 2019

ABSTRACT Purpose Soccer participation within the United States continues to increase, necessitating consideration of the various injuries that may occur. The present study analyzes trends in the incidence of ocular injuries secondary to soccer trauma, the associated mechanism, and related visual sequelae, and quantifies age- and sex-specific differences in the distributions of these variables. Methods The Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for soccer-related ocular injuries from 2010 through 2019. Data exclusively focused on the globe were selected, and information regarding age, sex, specific diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and visual sequelae were acquired. Significance was calculated using the chi-squared test. Results 628 NEISS entries were evaluated, extrapolating to a national average incidence of approximately 1580 soccer-related ocular injuries per year. There were a relatively static number of events during the ten-year time period of study. The most common diagnoses were contusions or abrasions (36.1%); among records with a reported mechanism of injury, the most common was contact with the soccer ball (80.9%). Visual sequelae were noted in a significant minority of patients (15.4%). Patients ≤18 and males comprised the majority of visits (68.2% and 70.2%, respectively). Significant sex- and age-specific differences were observed in the distributions of diagnoses. Conclusions There are serious visual consequences associated with soccer-related ocular injury. Despite the existence of eye protection, there remain no regulations requiring its consistent use. Therefore, among all parties involved (e.g., players, families, and physicians), there remains a need to increase education regarding the potential ocular dangers associated with the sport
Co-similar malware infection patterns as a predictor of future risk

The internet is flooded with malicious content that can come in various forms and lead to information theft and monetary losses. From the ISP to the browser itself, many security systems act to defend the user from such content. However, most systems have at least one of three major limitations: 1) they are not personalized and do not account for the differences between users, 2) their defense mechanism is reactive and unable to predict upcoming attacks, and 3) they extensively track and use the user’s activity, thereby invading her privacy in the process. We developed a methodological framework to predict future exposure to malicious content. Our framework accounts for three factors–the user’s previous exposure history, her co-similarity to other users based on their previous exposures in a conceptual network, and how the network evolves. Utilizing over 20,000 users’ browsing data, our approach succeeds in achieving accurate results on the infection-prone portion of the population, surpassing common methods, and doing so with as little as 1/1000 of the personal information it requires.
The Importance of Defining the Coronary Anatomy in Suspected Myopericarditis: A Case Report

Patient: Male, 36-year-old Final Diagnosis: NSTEMI Symptoms: Chest discomfort Medication:— Clinical Procedure: Coronary angiogram via trans radial route Specialty: Cardiology • General and Internal Medicine Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: It is challenging to distinguish between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardial injury due to alternative causes (eg myopericarditis, coronary vasospasm, and pulmonary embolism), as they often share similar presentations, especially in young patients. Coronary computerized tomography angiography (CCTA) is increasingly recognized as a fast and safe diagnostic tool for rapid assessment of the coronary anatomy among patients with a low to intermediate cardiovascular risk profile and/or atypical chest pain. However, its utility among patients with possible ACS is still debated. Case Report: A 36-year-old man presented to our institution with intermittent pleuritic chest pain and malaise over the preceding 7 days. He was a smoker and his father had ACS at the age of 45 years. The patient had unspecific electrocardiographic changes and elevated troponin values. The initial transthoracic echocardiogram indicated a normal ejection fraction without any wall motion abnormalities. Presuming a very low chance of coronary artery disease due to his age and atypical symptoms, we ordered a CCTA, which identified a thrombotic lesion in the right coronary artery (RCA). An invasive coronary angiography, including an optical coherence tomography, confirmed the presence of a thrombotic lesion located at the level of the proximal RCA, which was consequently treated with 1 drug-eluting stent. Conclusions: Physicians should always eliminate underlying coronary artery disease among patients with unclear myocardial injury, irrespective of a patient’s presentation, age, and estimated cardiovascular risk. In this context, CCTA represents a safe and simple tool to rapidly assess the coronary anatomy, especially in younger patients.
Early postmortem mapping of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients with COVID-19 and the correlation with tissue damage

Clinical observations indicate that COVID-19 is a systemic disease. An investigation of the viral distribution within the human body and its correlation with tissue damage can aid in understanding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present a detailed mapping of the viral RNA in 61 tissues and organs of 11 deceased patients with COVID-19. The autopsies were performed within the early postmortem interval (between 1.5 and 15 hr, mean: 5.6 hr) to minimize the bias due to viral RNA and tissue degradation. Very high viral loads (>104copies/ml) were detected in most patients' lungs, and the presence of intact viral particles in the lung tissue could be verified by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, viral RNA was detected throughout various extrapulmonary tissues and organs without visible tissue damage. The dissemination of SARS-CoV-2-RNA throughout the body supports the hypothesis that there is a maladaptive host response with viremia and multiorgan dysfunction.
The influence of perceived vocal traits on trusting behaviours in an economic game

When presented with voices, we make rapid, automatic judgements of social traits such as trustworthiness—and such judgements are highly consistent across listeners. However, it remains unclear whether voice-based first impressions actually influence behaviour towards a voice’s owner, and—if they do—whether and how they interact over time with the voice owner’s observed actions to further influence the listener’s behaviour. This study used an investment game paradigm to investigate (1) whether voices judged to differ in relevant social traits accrued different levels of investment and/or (2) whether first impressions of the voices interacted with the behaviour of their apparent owners to influence investments over time. Results show that participants were responding to their partner’s behaviour. Crucially, however, there were no effects of voice. These findings suggest that, at least under some conditions, social traits perceived from the voice alone may not influence trusting behaviours in the context of a virtual interaction.
Should vaccination be mandated? Individuals' perceptions on mandatory vaccination in Greece

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to explore factors that influence individuals' attitudes towards mandatory vaccination in Greece. Methods A nationally representative cross‐sectional telephone survey was conducted via a random multistage selection process in October 2019 in Greece. The survey was designed to obtain information about whether vaccination should be mandated or not among adults 18 years of age or older. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between individuals' sociodemographic, contextual and clinical characteristics, utilization, satisfaction, and trust in the healthcare system and providers and their preference over mandatory vaccination. Results A total of 901 participants fully completed the survey (response rate 90%‐901/1001). About 85% of the respondents supported mandatory vaccination. Individuals who used preventive services more often compared to those who never or rarely used such, those who reported increased trust in official healthcare authorities' guidelines and recommendations compared to those who reported no trust and those who had underage children living in the household were significantly more likely to support mandatory vaccination. No differences were observed for sociodemographic factors and mandatory vaccination support. Conclusion This survey revealed that most Greek citizens support mandatory vaccination, which was critically affected by the utilization of preventive services and trust in healthcare authorities. Our results suggest that healthcare policy interventions should promote mandatory vaccination through multi‐level initiatives to improve healthcare providers' and the general public's understanding of the value of vaccination.
Paternal multigenerational exposure to an obesogenic diet drives epigenetic predisposition to metabolic diseases in mice

Obesity is a growing societal scourge. Recent studies have uncovered that paternal excessive weight induced by an unbalanced diet affects the metabolic health of offspring. These reports mainly employed single-generation male exposure. However, the consequences of multigenerational unbalanced diet feeding on the metabolic health of progeny remain largely unknown. Here, we show that maintaining paternal Western diet feeding for five consecutive generations in mice induces an enhancement in fat mass and related metabolic diseases over generations. Strikingly, chow-diet-fed progenies from these multigenerational Western-diet-fed males develop a ‘healthy’ overweight phenotype characterized by normal glucose metabolism and without fatty liver that persists for four subsequent generations. Mechanistically, sperm RNA microinjection experiments into zygotes suggest that sperm RNAs are sufficient for establishment but not for long-term maintenance of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic pathologies. Progressive and permanent metabolic deregulation induced by successive paternal Western-diet-fed generations may contribute to the worldwide epidemic of metabolic diseases.
Treatment of primary and metastatic breast and pancreatic tumors upon intravenous delivery of a PRDM14‐specific chimeric siRNA/nanocarrier complex

PRDM14 is highly expressed in several cancers but is not detected in normal tissues. It confers cancer stem cell‐like properties, including chemoresistance and distant metastasis, to cancer cells. Herein, we aimed to develop a highly effective therapy against advanced stage cancer based on intravenously delivered PRDM14‐targeted siRNA. First, we examined PRDM14 expression and gene amplification in breast and pancreatic tumors and cell lines. PRDM14 was expressed in breast cancer, including the triple‐negative subtype, and pancreatic cancer. PRDM14 was amplified in 23.8% of patients with PRDM14+ breast cancer. Next, we investigated the inoculated tumor growth and distant metastasis following PRDM14 depletion by administering mice with PRDM14‐specific chimeric siRNA combined with a novel branched PEGylated poly‐L‐ornithine (PLO)‐based intravenous drug delivery system, designated PRDM14 unit polyion complex (uPIC) (n = 6/group). Inhibition of PRDM14 expression with PRDM14 uPIC by systemic intravenous injection effectively reduced tumor size and metastasis in vivo, thereby improving survival. Finally, pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic analyses were performed on PRDM14 uPIC, which was intravenously administered to rats (n = 10‐15/group) and cynomolgus monkeys (n = 3‐5/group), twice weekly for 4 weeks. This revealed that PRDM14 uPIC was relatively nontoxic and the siRNA exposure in serum was greater than that predicted by the administered dose ratio when delivered as a uPIC. Taken together, our study indicated that PRDM14 uPIC is highly effective in suppressing malignant features of solid cancers and does not cause severe toxicity, making it a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Novelty and Convergence in Adaptation to Whole Genome Duplication

Abstract Whole genome duplication (WGD) can promote adaptation but is disruptive to conserved processes, especially meiosis. Studies in Arabidopsis arenosa revealed a coordinated evolutionary response to WGD involving interacting proteins controlling meiotic crossovers, which are minimized in an autotetraploid (within-species polyploid) to avoid missegregation. Here, we test whether this surprising flexibility of a conserved essential process, meiosis, is recapitulated in an independent WGD system, Cardamine amara, 17 My diverged from A. arenosa. We assess meiotic stability and perform population-based scans for positive selection, contrasting the genomic response to WGD in C. amara with that of A. arenosa. We found in C. amara the strongest selection signals at genes with predicted functions thought important to adaptation to WGD: meiosis, chromosome remodeling, cell cycle, and ion transport. However, genomic responses to WGD in the two species differ: minimal ortholog-level convergence emerged, with none of the meiosis genes found in A. arenosa exhibiting strong signal in C. amara. This is consistent with our observations of lower meiotic stability and occasional clonal spreading in diploid C. amara, suggesting that nascent C. amara autotetraploid lineages were preadapted by their diploid lifestyle to survive while enduring reduced meiotic fidelity. However, in contrast to a lack of ortholog convergence, we see process-level and network convergence in DNA management, chromosome organization, stress signaling, and ion homeostasis processes. This gives the first insight into the salient adaptations required to meet the challenges of a WGD state and shows that autopolyploids can utilize multiple evolutionary trajectories to adapt to WGD.
Tolerance, immunosuppression, and immune modulation: impacts on lung allograft survival

Purpose of review Immune responses following lung transplantation continue to result in high rates of allograft failure and rejection, and current immunosuppression does not address the unique immunologic properties of the lung. Here, we review recent studies on lung allograft tolerance and alloimmunity and discuss implications for immunosuppression. Recent findings Processes governing tolerance and alloimmunity in lung allografts differ from other solid organs. Recent studies have suggested that allorecognition is regulated at the level of the lung graft. Furthermore, certain cell populations essential for lung allograft tolerance may facilitate rejection in other organs. Induction of lung allograft tolerance is associated with the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs, which are enriched in regulatory T cells and play an important role in preventing rejection. Summary Recent discoveries regarding alloactivation and the regulation of tolerance following lung transplantation have introduced exciting potential avenues for the development of lung-specific immunosuppression.
Immediate and short-term efficacy of suicide-targeted interventions in suicidal individuals: A systematic review

Abstract Objectives To address the extreme suicide risk period following a suicidal crisis, we aimed to assess the current evidence for specific healthcare system-based interventions on suicide-related outcomes within one-week or one-month in individuals with current suicidal ideation (SI) or a recent suicide attempt (SA). Methods We performed a database (Medline, Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES, the Cochrane library, PubMed) and manual reference search for randomised controlled trials, published between March 2000 and March 2020. Antisuicidal efficacy was defined as SI, SA, or a closely related concept. Quality was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomised trials. Results Out of 34 trials, five reported ketamine or esketamine superiority over placebo in reducing SI in depressed subjects within one week, while five studies had negative findings. Single trials reported positive results for one-month antisuicidal efficacy of buprenorphine, paroxetine, a crisis response plan, and assertive case management. Most trials were underpowered and had moderate-to-high risk of bias. Conclusions Preliminary mixed evidence suggests the possible utility of several pharmacological (ketamine, esketamine paroxetine, and buprenorphine) and non-pharmacological (a crisis response plan, and assertive case management) interventions. Only the immediate efficacy of ketamine was supported by multiple studies, and replication is needed.
Influence of Volatile Organic Solvents’ Inhalation on Activity Quotient and Biochemical Indices of Mus musculus -

The influence of volatile organic solvents (nitrocellulose thinner, gasoline and xylene) on the activity quotient and liver biochemical indices of laboratory mice, Mus musculus over a period of 60 days were evaluated. The study entailed the use of a modified nose inhalation exposure method in which the exposure chambers were saturated with the test chemicals for 8 hours daily following which they were transferred to the vapour- free section of the chamber. The estimation of activity quotient by day 60 indicated that mice exposed to xylene were most restless followed by nitrocellulose thinner and gasoline (least restless) with activity quotient values of 0.69, 0.58 and 0.21 respectively. The results of the biochemical indices showed that there was a significant decrease (p
Smartphone electrocardiogram for detecting atrial fibrillation after a cerebral ischaemic event: a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a preventable cause of ischaemic stroke but it is often undiagnosed and undertreated. The utility of smartphone electrocardiogram (ECG) for the detection of AF after ischaemic stroke is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic yield of 30-day smartphone ECG recording compared with 24-h Holter monitoring for detecting AF ≥30 s. METHODS AND RESULTS In this multicentre, open-label study, we randomly assigned 203 participants to undergo one additional 24-h Holter monitoring (control group, n = 98) vs. 30-day smartphone ECG monitoring (intervention group, n = 105) using KardiaMobile (AliveCor®, Mountain View, CA, USA). Major inclusion criteria included age ≥55 years old, without known AF, and ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) within the preceding 12 months. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The index event was ischaemic stroke in 88.5% in the intervention group and 88.8% in the control group (P = 0.852). AF lasting ≥30 s was detected in 10 of 105 patients in the intervention group and 2 of 98 patients in the control group (9.5% vs. 2.0%; absolute difference 7.5%; P = 0.024). The number needed to screen to detect one AF was 13. After the 30-day smartphone monitoring, there was a significantly higher proportion of patients on oral anticoagulation therapy at 3 months compared with baseline in the intervention group (9.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Among patients ≥55 years of age with a recent cryptogenic stroke or TIA, 30-day smartphone ECG recording significantly improved the detection of AF when compared with the standard repeat 24-h Holter monitoring.
The ionization method of measuring neutron energy

The absolute measurement of neutron flux density by ionization methods is discussed. The relation Eυ = JυW ρ between the energy Eυ absorbed per unit volume of a solid medium and the ionization Jυ produced in a gas-filled cavity in the medium, the average energy W expended by the ionizing particles in producing a pair of ions in the gas, and ρ the stopping power of the solid relative to the gas for these particles, is critically examined from the point of view of the measurement of the rate of absorption of neutron energy at any point in a hydrogenous medium. The accuracy attainable is assessed, in so far as it depends on our knowledge of the quantities ρ and W.
Gamma-irradiation induced property modification of polypropylene

The effects of γ-irradiation on the physico-chemical stability and mechanical properties of commercial polypropylene (PP) have been investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolent visible spectroscopy and tensile test. The γ-irradiation of polypropylene led to remarkable changes in the physico-chemical properties of the material due to chain scission, oxygen effects and cross-linking activities. These changes result in the production of degraded products such as water vapor, carbon monoxide from hydroxyl and carbonyl groups as confirmed by Raman and Ultraviolent Visible spectroscopic analyses. It was observed that the melting temperature and crystallinity reduce as radiation doses increases. Likewise, there were losses in mechanical properties of the polymer as indicated by reduction in elongation to fracture and reduction in tensile strength of the materials as dose increases. Key words: γ-Irradiation, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolent visible spectroscopy tensile test.