Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute, exercise-induced alterations in cytokines and chemokines in the blood distinguish physically active and sedentary aging.

Aging results in a chronic, pro-inflammatory state which can promote and exacerbate age-associated diseases. In contrast, physical activity in older adults improves whole body health, protects against disease, and reduces inflammation, but the elderly are less active making it difficult to disentangle the effects of aging from a sedentary lifestyle. To interrogate this interaction, we analyzed peripheral blood collected at rest and post-exercise from 68 healthy younger and older donors that were either physically active aerobic exercisers or chronically sedentary. Subjects were profiled for 44 low-abundance cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in peripheral blood. At rest, we found that regular physical activity had no impact on the age-related elevation in circulating IL-18, eotaxin, GRO, IL-8, IP-10, PDGF-AA or RANTES. Similarly, there was no impact of physical activity on the age-related reduction in VEGF, EGF or IL-12 (p70). However, older exercisers had lower resting plasma fractalkine, IL-3, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to sedentary older adults. In contrast to our resting characterization, blood responses following acute exercise produced more striking difference between groups. Physically active younger and older subjects increased over 50% of the analyzed factors in their blood which resulted in both unique and overlapping exercise signatures. However, sedentary individuals, particularly the elderly, had few detectable changes in response to exercise. Overall, we show that long term physical activity has a limited effect on age-associated changes in basal cytokines and chemokines in the healthy elderly, yet physically active individuals exhibit a broader induction of factors post-exercise irrespective of age.
Muscle actin is polyubiquitinylated in vitro and in vivo and targeted for breakdown by the E3 ligase MuRF1

Muscle atrophy prevails in numerous diseases (cancer cachexia, renal failure, infections, etc.), mainly results from elevated proteolysis, and is accelerated by bed rest. This largely contributes to increased health costs. Devising new strategies to prevent muscle wasting is a major clinical challenge. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) degrades myofibrillar proteins, but the precise mechanisms responsible for actin breakdown are surprisingly poorly characterized. We report that chimeric flag‐actin was destabilized and polyubiquitinylated in stably transfected C2C12 myotubes treated with the catabolic agent dexa‐methasone (1 μM) and that only proteasome inhibitors blocked its breakdown. Actin polyubiquitinylation was also detected in wild‐type C2C12 myotubes and human muscle biopsies from control participants and patients with cancer. The muscle‐specific E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 is up‐regulated in catabolic conditions and polyubiquitinylates components of the thick filament. We also demonstrate that recombinant GST‐MuRF1 physically interacted and polyubiquitinylated actin in vitro and that MuRF1 is a critical component for actin breakdown, since MuRF1 siRNA stabilized flag‐actin. These data identify unambiguously the abundant contractile protein actin as a target of the UPS in skeletal muscle both in vitro and in vivo, further supporting the need for new strategies blocking specifically the activation of this pathway in muscle wasting conditions. —Polge, C. , Heng, A. ‐E. , Jarzaguet, M. , Ventadour, S. , Claustre, A. , Combaret, L. , Béchet, D. , Matondo, M. , Uttenweiler‐Joseph, S. , Monsarrat, B. , Attaix, D. , Taillandier, D. Muscle actin is polyubiquitinylated in vitro and in vivo and targeted for breakdown by the E3 ligase MuRF1. FASEB J. 25, 3790–3802 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Evaporation Local Heat Transfer in Free Jet

Jet impingement heat transfer has been used extensively in many industrial applications for cooling because it provides high local heat transfer coefficients at low flow rates. Several experimental and theoretical studies on liquid jet impingement heat transfer have been reported in the literature (Louahlia & Baonga, 2008, Chen et al., 2002, Lin & Ponnappan, 2004, Liu & Zhu, 2004, Pan & Webb, 1995). Numerous studies are conducted in average heat transfer, but local heat transfer analysis for steady and unsteady states has not been much attention. Jet impingement heat transfer is influenced by different physical parameters such as: (i) the velocity turbulent fluctuations (Oliphant et al. 1998, Stevens & Webb, 1989), (ii) the difference between the temperatures of inlet jet and heat exchange surface (Siba et al. 2003, MA et al. 1997), (iii) the surface geometry and the jet orientation (MA et al. 1997b, Elison & Webb, 1994), (iv) the liquid flow rate and Prandtl number (Elison & Webb, 1994, Fabbri et al. 2003, Stevens & Webb, 1993), and (v) the nozzle diameter (Stevens & Webb, 1993, 1992).
Mixing of Biomass and Coal in a Static Mixer as an Example of Technological Solutions Involving Implementation of Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract The purpose of this article is to demonstrate possibilities of mixing coal with biomass using static mixers. The paper present simple and inexpensive methods for producing fuel mixes for heat-generating plants equipped with stoker-fired boilers of power ranging from 3 up to 50 MW. Static mixer proposed in this article may constitute an alternative for currently used solutions in production facility. Based on statistical analysis, the article demonstrates that five mixing elements of the mixer is optimal number to ensure best biomass (chips and pellets) concentration distribution in a mixture with fine hard coal.
Prior expectations evoke stimulus-specific activity in the deep layers of the primary visual cortex

The way we perceive the world is strongly influenced by our expectations. In line with this, much recent research has revealed that prior expectations strongly modulate sensory processing. However, the neural circuitry through which the brain integrates external sensory inputs with internal expectation signals remains unknown. In order to understand the computational architecture of the cortex, we need to investigate the way these signals flow through the cortical layers. This is crucial because the different cortical layers have distinct intra- and interregional connectivity patterns, and therefore determining which layers are involved in a cortical computation can inform us on the sources and targets of these signals. Here, we used ultra-high field (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to reveal that prior expectations evoke stimulus-specific activity selectively in the deep layers of the primary visual cortex (V1). These findings are in line with predictive processing theories proposing that neurons in the deep cortical layers represent perceptual hypotheses and thereby shed light on the computational architecture of cortex.
Soil Enzymes and Microbial Biomass Carbon under Rice-Toria Sequence as Influenced by Nutrient Management

Soil enzymes and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) were assessed to understand the influence of integrated nutrient management (INM) under rice-toria sequence during 2008 and 2009. Fluorescein di-acetate (FDA), phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) and dehydrogenase (DHD), involved in energy flow and nutrient cycling showed significantly higher activities under INM treatments. Enriched compost (EC) application @ 2 t ha−1 demonstrated clear increase in FDA (10.75 μg fluorescein g−1 soil h−1) and PMEase (393.5 μg p-nitrophenol g−1 soil h−1) activities with only 25% of recommended nitrogenous (N) and phosphatic (P) fertilizers under the sequence. The DHD activity however, showed significantly maximum quantity (287.6 μg TPF g−1 24 h−1) on application of compost (2 t ha−1) and biofertilizers with 25% NP fertilizers. The enzymes assayed showed significant correlation with build-up of Cmic and organic carbon (Corg) of the soil. Among the organic inputs, compost (2 t ha−1) coupled with biofertilizers revealed the highest Cmic (222.8 μg g−1soil) in the study. Likewise, maximum Corg (10.96 g kg−1) accumulation was observed under the INM treatment which had received EC @ 2 t ha−1 continuously under the sequence. Available P status of the soil also increased (28.64 kg ha−1) significantly on application of rock phosphate (RP) with EC. The multifaceted effects of INM treatments that facilitated beneficial soil conditions were reflected in terms of significant increase in the grain yield of both rice (3.87 t ha−1) and toria (1.04 t ha−1) even over the 100% NPK.
Perindopril, a centrally active angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, prevents cognitive impairment in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease

The purpose of this work was to test whether brain‐penetrating angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (e.g., perindopril), as opposed to non‐brain‐penetrating ACE inhibitors (e.g., enalapril and imidapril), may reduce the cognitive decline and brain injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We first compared the effect of perindopril, enalapril, and imidapril on cognitive impairment and brain injury in a mouse model of AD induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of amyloid‐β (Aβ)1–40. Perindopril, with significant inhibition of hippocampal ACE, significantly prevented cognitive impairment in this AD mouse model. This beneficial effect was attributed to the suppression of microglia/astrocyte activation and the attenuation of oxidative stress caused by iNOS induction and extracellular superoxide dismutase down‐regulation. In contrast, neither enalapril nor imidapril prevented cognitive impairment and brain injury in this AD mouse. We next examined the protective effects of perindopril on cognitive impairment in PS2APP‐transgenic mice overexpressing Aβ in the brain. Perindopril, without affecting brain Aβ deposition, significantly suppressed the increase in hippocampal ACE activity and improved cognition in PS2APP‐transgenic mice, being associated with the suppression of hippocampal astrocyte activation and attenuation of superoxide. Our data demonstrated that the brain‐penetrating ACE inhibitor perindopril, as compared to non‐brain‐penetrating ACE inhibitors, protected against cognitive impairment and brain injury in experimental AD models. —Dong, Y. ‐F. , Kataoka, K. , Tokutomi, Y. , Nako, H. , Nakamura, T. , Toyama, K. , Sueta, D. , Koibuchi, N. , Yamamoto, E. , Ogawa, H. , Kim‐Mitsuyama, S. Perindopril, a centrally active angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, prevents cognitive impairment in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J. 25, 2911–2920 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Dynamic Chest X-Ray Using a Flat-Panel Detector System: Technique and Applications

Dynamic X-ray (DXR) is a functional imaging technique that uses sequential images obtained by a flat-panel detector (FPD). This article aims to describe the mechanism of DXR and the analysis methods used as well as review the clinical evidence for its use. DXR analyzes dynamic changes on the basis of X-ray translucency and can be used for analysis of diaphragmatic kinetics, ventilation, and lung perfusion. It offers many advantages such as a high temporal resolution and flexibility in body positioning. Many clinical studies have reported the feasibility of DXR and its characteristic findings in pulmonary diseases. DXR may serve as an alternative to pulmonary function tests in patients requiring contact inhibition, including patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 or other infectious diseases. Thus, DXR has a great potential to play an important role in the clinical setting. Further investigations are needed to utilize DXR more effectively and to establish it as a valuable diagnostic tool.
Modeling and Prediction of Wearable Energy Harvesting Sliding Shoes for Metabolic Cost and Energy Rate Outside of the Lab

The recent explosion of wearable electronics has led to widespread interest in harvesting human movement energy, particularly during walking, for clinical and health applications. However, the amount of energy available to harvest and the required metabolic rate for wearable energy harvesting varies across subjects. In this paper, we utilize custom energy harvesting sliding shoes to develop and evaluate multivariate linear regression models to predict metabolic rate and energy harvesting rate during overground walking outside of the lab. Subjects performed 200 m self-selected normal and fast walking trials on flat ground with custom sliding shoes. Metabolic rate was measured with a portable breathing analysis system and energy harvesting rate was measured directly from the generator on the custom sliding shoes. Model performance was determined by comparing the difference between actual and predicted metabolic and energy harvesting rates. Overall, predictive modeling closely matched the actual values, and there was no statistical difference between actual and predicted average metabolic rate or between actual and predicted average energy harvesting rate. Energy harvesting sliding shoes could potentially be used for a variety of wearable devices to reduce onboard energy storage, and these findings could serve to inform expected energy harvesting rates and associated required metabolic cost for a diverse array of medical and health applications.
The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM promotes maturation of the presynaptic endocytic machinery by switching synaptic vesicle recycling from AP3- to AP2-dependent mechanism in mice (Mus musculus, strain C57Bl/6J).

Newly formed synapses undergo maturation during ontogenetic development via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We show that maturation of the presynaptic endocytic machinery in central nervous system neurons requires substitution of the adaptor protein 3 (AP3) with AP2 at the presynaptic plasma membrane. In mature synapses, AP2 associates with the intracellular domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. NCAM promotes binding of AP2 over binding of AP3 to presynaptic membranes, thus favoring the substitution of AP3 for AP2 during formation of mature synapses. The presynaptic endocytotic machinery remains immature in adult NCAM-deficient mice accumulating AP3 instead of AP2 in synaptic membranes and vesicles. NCAM deficiency or disruption of the NCAM/AP2 complex in NCAM+/+ neurons by transfection with a dominant-negative NCAM containing the mutated AP2 binding site leads to less efficient endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes. Abnormalities in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling may thus contribute to neurological disorders associated with mutations in NCAM. Im Verlauf der ontogenetischen Entwicklung unterliegen neu geformte Synapsen einem Reifungsprozess durch bislang nur unzureichend aufgeklarte Mechanismen. Wir zeigen nun in der vorliegenden Arbeit, dass der Reifungsprozess des prasynaptischen Endozytose-mechanismus in Neuronen des zentralen Nervensystems den Austausch des Adapter-proteins 3 (AP3) durch das Protein AP2 an der prasynaptischen Plasmamembran erfordert. In ausgereiften Synapsen ist AP2 mit der intrazellularen Domane des neuralen Zelladhasionsmolekuls NCAM assoziiert. NCAM unterstutzt somit die Bindung von AP2, aber nicht von AP3, an die prasynaptische Membran und begunstigt dadurch die Substitution von AP3 durch AP2 bei der Ausbildung reifer Synapsen. In adulten NCAM- defizienten Mausen bleibt der prasynaptische Endozytosemechanismus jedoch unausgereift. Anstelle von AP2 wird AP3 in der synaptischen Membran und den Vesikeln akkumuliert. NCAM-Defizienz sowie die Zerstorung des NCAM/AP2-Komplexes in NCAM+/+ Neuronen durch die Transfektion eines dominant-negativen NCAM- Molekuls, welches eine mutierte AP2-Bindestelle enthalt, fuhren zu einer weniger effizienten Endozytose der synaptischen Vesikelmembranen. Abnormalitaten in der Endozytose synaptischer Vesikel und im Recycling konnten daher zu neurologischen Storungen beitragen, die auf eine NCAM- Mutation zuruckgehen
The mechanoresponse of bone is closely related to the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network architecture

Significance The explanation of how bone senses and adapts to mechanical stimulation still relies on hypotheses. The fluid flow hypothesis claims that a load-induced fluid flow through the lacunocanalicular network can be sensed by osteocytes, which reside within the network structure. We show that considering the network architecture results in a better prediction of bone remodeling than mechanical strain alone. This was done by calculating the fluid flow through the lacunocanalicular network in bone volumes covering the complete cross-sections of mouse tibiae, which underwent controlled in vivo loading. The established relationship between mechanosensitivity and network architecture in individual animals implies possibilities for patient-specific therapies. A new connectomics approach to analyze lacunocanalicular network properties is necessary to understand skeletal mechanobiology.
Flagellar Structures from the Bacterium Caulobacter crescentus and Implications for Phage ϕCbK Predation of Multiflagellin Bacteria

Bacterial flagellar filaments serve as an initial attachment point for many bacteriophages to bacteria. Some bacteria harbor numerous flagellin genes and are therefore able to generate flagellar filaments with complex compositions, which is thought to be important for evasion from bacteriophages. ABSTRACT Caulobacter crescentus is a Gram-negative alphaproteobacterium that commonly lives in oligotrophic fresh- and saltwater environments. C. crescentus is a host to many bacteriophages, including ϕCbK and ϕCbK-like bacteriophages, which require interaction with the bacterial flagellum and pilus complexes during adsorption. It is commonly thought that the six paralogs of the flagellin gene present in C. crescentus are important for bacteriophage evasion. Here, we show that deletion of specific flagellins in C. crescentus can indeed attenuate ϕCbK adsorption efficiency, although no single deletion completely ablates ϕCbK adsorption. Thus, the bacteriophage ϕCbK likely recognizes a common motif among the six known flagellins in C. crescentus with various degrees of efficiency. Interestingly, we observe that most deletion strains still generate flagellar filaments, with the exception of a strain that contains only the most divergent flagellin, FljJ, or a strain that contains only FljN and FljO. To visualize the surface residues that are likely recognized by ϕCbK, we determined two high-resolution structures of the FljK filament, with and without an amino acid substitution that induces straightening of the filament. We observe posttranslational modifications on conserved surface threonine residues of FljK that are likely O-linked glycans. The possibility of interplay between these modifications and ϕCbK adsorption is discussed. We also determined the structure of a filament composed of a heterogeneous mixture of FljK and FljL, the final resolution of which was limited to approximately 4.6 Å. Altogether, this work builds a platform for future investigations of how phage ϕCbK infects C. crescentus at the molecular level. IMPORTANCE Bacterial flagellar filaments serve as an initial attachment point for many bacteriophages to bacteria. Some bacteria harbor numerous flagellin genes and are therefore able to generate flagellar filaments with complex compositions, which is thought to be important for evasion from bacteriophages. This study characterizes the importance of the six flagellin genes in C. crescentus for infection by bacteriophage ϕCbK. We find that filaments containing the FljK flagellin are the preferred substrate for bacteriophage ϕCbK. We also present a high-resolution structure of a flagellar filament containing only the FljK flagellin, which provides a platform for future studies on determining how bacteriophage ϕCbK attaches to flagellar filaments at the molecular level.
Broadband scattering of the solar spectrum by spherical metal nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles offer the possibility of improved light trapping in solar cells, but careful design is required to maximise scattering and minimise parasitic absorption across the wavelength range of interest. We present an analysis of the broadband scattering and absorption characteristics of spherical metal nanoparticles, optimized for either crystalline silicon (c‐Si) or amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) solar cells. A random two‐dimensional array of optimally sized Ag spheres can scatter over 97% of the AM1.5 spectrum from 400 to 1100 nm. Larger particles are required for c‐Si devices than a‐Si:H due to the increased spectral range, with optimum particle sizes ranging from 60 nm for a‐Si:H to 116 nm for c‐Si. Positioning the particles at the rear of the solar cell decreases absorption losses because these principally occur at short wavelengths. Increasing the refractive index of the surrounding medium beyond the optimum value, which is 1.0 for a‐Si:H and 1.6 for c‐Si, shifts absorption to longer wavelengths and decreases scattering at short wavelengths. Ag nanoparticles scatter more of the solar spectrum than Au, Cu or Al nanoparticles. Of these other metals, Al can only be considered for a‐Si:H applications due to high absorption in the near‐infrared, whereas Au and Cu can only be considered for the rear of c‐Si devices due to high absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible. In general, we demonstrate the importance of considering the broadband optical properties of metal nanoparticles for photovoltaic applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remote Sensing Evaluation of Total Suspended Solids Dynamic with Markov Model: A Case Study of Inland Reservoir across Administrative Boundary in South China

Accurate and quantitative assessment of the impact of natural environmental changes and human activities on total suspended solids (TSS) concentration is one of the important components of water environment protection. Due to the limits of traditional cross-sectional point monitoring, a novel water quality evaluation method based on the Markov model and remote sensing retrieval is proposed to realize the innovation of large-scale spatial monitoring across administrative boundaries. Additionally, to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of TSS, a new three-band remote sensing model of TSS was built by regression analysis for the inland reservoir using the synchronous field spectral data, water quality samples and remote sensing data in the trans-provincial Hedi Reservoir in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of South China. The results show that: (1) The three-band model based on the OLI sensor explained about 82% of the TSS concentration variation (R2=0.81, N=34, p value<0.01) with an acceptable validation accuracy (RMSE=6.24 mg/L,MRE=18.02%, N=15), which is basically the first model of its kind available in South China. (2) The TSS concentration has spatial distribution characteristics of high upstream and low downstream, where the average TSS at 31.54 mg/L in the upstream are 2.5 times those of the downstream (12.55 mg/L). (3) Different seasons and rainfall are important factors affecting the TSS in the upstream cross-border area, the TSS in the dry season are higher with average TSS of 33.66 mg/L and TSS are negatively correlated with rainfall from upstream mankind activity. Generally, TSS are higher in rainy seasons than those in dry seasons. However, the result shows that TSS are negatively correlated with rainfall, which means human activities have higher impacts on water quality than climate change. (4) The Markov dynamic evaluation results show that the water quality improvement in the upstream Shijiao Town is the most obvious, especially in 2018, the improvement in the water quality level crossed three levels and the TSS were the lowest. This study provided a technical method for remote sensing dynamic monitoring of water quality in a large reservoir, which is of great significance for remediation of the water environment and the effective evaluation of the river and lake chief system in China.