Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The post‐spawning movements of migratory brown trout Salmo trutta L.

The post spawning behaviour of sea trout Salmo trutta was studied over a 2 year period in the river and estuary of the River Fowey, south-west England. Forty-five sea trout kelts were trapped immediately after spawning in December and intraperitoneally tagged with miniature acoustic transmitters. The subsequent emigration into coastal waters was monitored using acoustic receivers deployed throughout the river catchment. The levels of gill Na - K + ATPase activity in sea trout kelts sampled at the same time as the tagged fish were within the range of 2-5 to 4-5 μmol Pi per mg protein per h indicating that the post-spawning fish were not physiologically adapted to salt water. The tagged kelts were resident in fresh water between 4 and 70 days before entering the estuary. Sixty two per cent of the tagged kelts subsequently migrated successfully into coastal waters, with a higher success rate for male fish (75%) than females (58%). There was a significant size related difference in the run-timing of the kelts with the larger fish moving more quickly into coastal waters after spawning than smaller fish. Seaward migration within fresh water was predominantly nocturnal and generally occurred in conjunction with increasing river discharge and rising water temperature. Migration through the estuary continued to be predominantly nocturnal and occurred during an ebbing tide. Residency within the estuary varied amongst individuals although it was invariably short. with most fish moving out into coastal waters within one to two tidal cycles. Five tagged kelts returned from the coastal zone and re-entered fresh water during April and June. Marine residence time varied between 89 and 145 days (mean 118 days) and the minimum estimated marine survival was c. 18%. One of these sea trout was subsequently recaptured after successfully spawning in the vicinity where it had been previously tagged demonstrating a degree of spawning site fidelity.
Microplastic Fallout in Different Indoor Environments.

Microplastics in the air have gradually attracted our attention in recent years; however, temporal and spatial trends of microplastics in indoor air are rarely discussed. In the present study, we tracked microplastic fallout in a dormitory, an office and a corridor on both workdays and weekends for three months. In addition, an air conditioner was used to understand airflow influence on microplastic resuspension in the dorm. Among the three sampling sites, the highest average microplastic abundance appeared in the dormitory (9.9×103 MPs/m2/d), followed by the office (1.8×103 MPs/m2/d) and the corridor (1.5×103 MPs/m2/d). In the dormitory, the average MP abundance on weekends (1.4×104 MPs/m2/d) was approximately three times of that on weekdays (5.8×103 MPs/m2/d). In the office, however, the abundance on weekends (1.2×103 MPs/m2/d) was 50% of that on weekdays (2.4×103 MPs/m2/d). Microplastic fallout existed mostly in the form of fibers and showed similar polymer compositions to the textile products used in indoor environments. The airflow tests using air conditioner suggested that airflow turbulence increased resuspension of microplastics. Taken together, we conclude that indoor environments are prone to serious microplastic pollution but microplastic level varies greatly due to different characteristics of indoor setting. Our results also indicate that textile quantity is one of the main factors affecting microplastic abundance in indoor air, while air conditioner-induced airflow turbulence can cause microplastic migration in indoor environments.
Nurse Manager Core Competencies: A Proposal in the Spanish Health System

Nurses who are capable of developing their competencies appropriately in the field of management are considered fundamental to the sustainability and improvement of health outcomes. These core competencies are the critical competencies to be developed in specific areas. There are different core competencies for nurse managers, but none in the Spanish health system. The objective of this research is to identify the core competencies needed for nurse managers in the Spanish health system. The research was carried out using the Delphi method to reach a consensus on the core competencies and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine construct validity, reducing the dimensionality of a dataset by finding the causes of variability in the set and organizing them by importance. A panel of 50 experts in management and healthcare engaged in a four-round Delphi study with Likert scored surveys. We identified eight core competencies from an initial list of 51: decision making, relationship management, communication skills, listening, Leadership, conflict management, ethical principles, collaboration and team management skills. PCA indicated the structural validity of the core competencies by saturation into three components (α Cronbach >0.613): communication, leadership and decision making. The research shows that eight competencies must be developed by the nursing managers in the Spanish health system. Nurse managers can use these core competencies as criteria to develop and plan their professional career. These core competencies can serve as a guideline for the design of nurse managers’ development programs in Spain.
The Robust Restriction of Zika Virus by Type-I Interferon in A549 Cells Varies by Viral Lineage and Is Not Determined by IFITM3

Type-I interferon (IFN-I) is a major antiviral host response but its impact on Zika virus (ZIKV) replication is not well defined, particularly as it relates to different circulating strains. Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that inhibit ZIKV, such as IFITM3, have been identified largely using overexpression studies. Here, we tested whether diverse ZIKV strains differed in their susceptibility to IFN-I-mediated restriction and the contribution of IFITM3 to this restriction. We identified a robust IFN-I-mediated antiviral effect on ZIKV replication (>100-fold reduction) in A549 cells, a commonly used cell line to study ZIKV replication. The extent of inhibition depended on the IFN-I type and the virus strain tested. Viruses from the American pathogenic outbreak were more sensitive to IFNα (p = 0.049) and IFNβ (p = 0.09) than African-lineage strains, which have not been linked to severe pathogenesis. Knocking out IFITM3 expression did not dampen the IFN-I antiviral effect and only high overexpression of IFITM3 led to ZIKV inhibition. Moreover, IFITM3 expression levels in different cells were not associated with IFN-mediated ZIKV inhibition. Taken together, our findings indicate that there is a robust IFN-I-mediated antiviral effect on ZIKV infection, particularly for American viruses, that is not due to IFITM3. A549 cells, which are a commonly used cell line to study ZIKV replication, present an opportunity for the discovery of novel antiviral ISGs against ZIKV.
Implantation of the clinical‐grade human neural stem cell line, CTX0E03, rescues the behavioral and pathological deficits in the quinolinic acid‐lesioned rodent model of Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating, autosomal‐dominant neurodegenerative disease, for which there are currently no disease‐modifying therapies. Clinical trials to replace the damaged striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) have been attempted in the past two decades but have met with only limited success. In this study, we investigated whether a clonal, conditionally immortalized neural stem cell line (CTX0E03), which has already shown safety and signals of efficacy in chronic ischemic stroke patients, could rescue deficits seen in an animal model of HD. After CTX0E03 transplantation into the quinolinic acid‐lesioned rat model of HD, behavioral changes were measured using the rotarod, stepping, and staircase tests. In vivo differentiation and neuronal connections of the transplanted CTX0E03 cells were evaluated with immunohistochemical staining and retrograde tracing with Fluoro‐Gold. We found that transplantation of CTX0E03 gave rise to a significant behavioral improvement compared with the sham‐ or fibroblast‐transplanted group. Transplanted CTX0E03 formed MSNs (DARPP‐32) and GABAergic neurons (GABA, GAD65/67) with BDNF expression in the striatum, while cortically transplanted cells formed Tbr1‐positive neurons. Using a retrograde label, we also found stable engraftment and connection of the transplanted cells with host brain tissues. CTX0E03 transplantation also reduced glial scar formation and inflammation, as well as increasing endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Overall, our results demonstrate that CTX0E03, a clinical‐grade neural stem cell line, is effective for preclinical test in HD, and, therefore, will be useful for clinical development in the treatment of HD patients.
Karyotype Study of Eight Species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae)

SUMMARYThe karyotypes of eight species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) are described on the basis of mitotic metaphase morphology. The species studied were: A. bamesi, A. bistrigata, A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. pickeli, A. pseudoparallela, A. serpentina and A. striata. The most frequent diploid number is 2n = 12, with the exception of A. pickeli (2n = 8) and the males of A. bistrigata and A. serpentina in which an X1 X2 Y sex determining mechanism results is 2n = 11. The Brazilian species could be identified on the basis of chromosome morphology with the exception of A. fraterculus in which four distinghishable karyotypes were found. The differences in those karyotypes suggest that they represent sibling species. The metaphase chromosomes of Anastrepha can be used to improve the taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of the genus.
Genetic and nutritional influence on the total lipid fatty acid profile of Clarias gariepinus muscle

Les profils d'acides gras de quatre souches genetiques differentes de Clarias gariepinus : gold (G), Netherlands (N), RAU-Rand Afrikaans University (R) et sauvage (W) sont analyses. Les oeufs et les larves des quatre souches ont ete maintenues sous des conditions environnementales identiques. Apres 9 semaines, les deux souches, dont les croissances sont les plus rapides (G et W), avaient des taux de lipides totaux inferieurs aux autres souches (N et R). Les acides gras totaux satures (SFA), mono-insatures (MUFA) et polyinsatures (PUFA) des quatre souches sont G - 32,1 ; 26,8 et 37,9% ; N - 33,5 ; 27,8 et 35,5 % ; R - 32,7 ; 29,0 et 35,4% ; W - 32,9 ; 27,7 et 36,8% respectivement. Les principaux acides gras qui montrent des differences significatives entre les souches sont C16 :0, C18 : 1ω9, C22 :5ω3 et C22 :6ω. La souche G a un taux significativement plus eleve de ω3/ω6 (2,2) compare a ceux des autres souches (N - 1,9 ; R - 1,9 et W - 1,9). Dans une seconde experience, les juveniles de souche G sont nourris avec un aliment artificiel pendant 60 jours, ne contenant pas de lipide (A, temoin), ou avec un taux de 10% des lipides suivants, de l'huile de tournesol (B, un niveau eleve de C18 :1ω9 et C18 :2ω6), de l'huile de foie de morue (C, un niveau eleve d'acides gras 20 et 22 Cω3) et du gras vegetal (D, SFA et MUFA en majorite). La composition en acides gras totaux du muscle est fortement influencee par le regime alimentaire et comprend les pourcentages suivants en SFA, MUFA et PUFA, et un taux de ω3/ω6 de : A - 35,9 ; 45,3 ; 15,0% et 0,5 ; B - 30,6 ; 33,4 ; 33,6% et 0,1 ; C - 33,2 ; 37,2 ; 23,6% et 1,8 ; D - 38,7 ; 45,3 ; 12,1% et 0,4, respectivement.
Cognitive disturbances in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis

Cognitive problems frequently accompany neurological manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, during screening of preclinical candidates, assessments of behaviour in mouse models of MS typically focus on locomotor activity. In the present study, we analysed cognitive behaviour of 9 to 10‐week‐old female C57Bl/6J mice orally administered with the toxin cuprizone that induces demyelination, a characteristic feature of MS. Animals received 400 mg/kg cuprizone daily for 2 or 4 weeks, and their performance was compared with that of vehicle‐treated mice. Cuprizone‐treated animals showed multiple deficits in short touchscreen‐based operant tasks: they responded more slowly to visual stimuli, rewards and made more errors in a simple rule‐learning task. In contextual/cued fear conditioning experiments, cuprizone‐treated mice showed significantly lower levels of contextual freezing than vehicle‐treated mice. Diffusion tensor imaging showed treatment‐dependent changes in fractional anisotropy as well as in axial and mean diffusivities in different white matter areas. Lower values of fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity in cuprizone‐treated mice indicated developing demyelination and/or axonal damage. Several diffusion tensor imaging measurements correlated with learning parameters. Our results show that translational touchscreen operant tests and fear conditioning paradigms can reliably detect cognitive consequences of cuprizone treatment. The suggested experimental approach enables screening novel MS drug candidates in longitudinal experiments for their ability to improve pathological changes in brain structure and reverse cognitive deficits.
Bactericidal Silver Nanoparticles by Atmospheric Pressure Solution Plasma Processing

Silver nanoparticles have applications in plasmonics, medicine, catalysis and electronics. We report a simple, cost-effective, facile and reproducible technique to synthesise silver nanoparticles via plasma-induced non-equilibrium liquid chemistry with the absence of a chemical reducing agent. Silver nanoparticles with tuneable sizes from 5.4 to 17.8 nm are synthesised and characterised using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and other analytic techniques. A mechanism for silver nanoparticle formation is also proposed. The antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles was investigated with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition of both bacteria types was observed. This is a promising alternative method for the instant synthesis of silver nanoparticles, instead of the conventional chemical reduction route, for numerous applications.
Hyper-Selective Posterior Fusion in Lenke 5C Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: When can we Stop below the Upper End Vertebra?

STUDY DESIGN A prospective analysis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the hyper-selective posterior fusion [upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) as the vertebra 1 level below the upper end vertebra (UEV), lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) as the lower end vertebra (LEV)] was applicable in posterior fusion of Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and what could be the indication of hyper-selective fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The improper UIV selection in selective fusion could lead to progressive thoracic compensatory curve, shoulder imbalance, and even coronal imbalance. However, few studies analyzed the clinical outcome of hyper-selective fusion. METHODS A prospective analysis of 80 patients with Lenke 5C AIS who underwent selective fusion was performed. According to the relationship between UEV and UIV, the patients were divided into UEV group (UIV= UEV) and UEV-1 group (UIV= UEV-1). Radiographic parameters and the incidence of post-operative proximal decompensation were compared. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 scores were used to evaluate clinical outcomes between two groups. RESULTS 13 patients (27%) in UEV group and 6 (18.75%) in UEV-1 group showed proximal decompensation during follow-up, and the incidence was equivalent (p = 0.280). Within the UEV-1 group, the patients with proximal decompensation showed similar Risser grade, baseline thoracic Cobb angle, and main Cobb angle (p = 0.611, 0.435, 0.708, respectively). However, the baseline L-T apical vertebral translation (AVT) ratio was significantly larger in patients with proximal decompensation (p = 0.028). Meanwhile, patients with proximal decompensation in UEV group showed significantly smaller pre-operative UIV translation and lumbar AVT but similar post-operative UIV tilt. CONCLUSIONS Hyper-selective posterior fusion strategy could be performed in Lenke 5C patients with Risser more than grade 2 and with thoracic compensatory curve over 15°. The UIV in patients with small baseline thoracic curve, represented by larger baseline lumbar-thoracic AVT ratio, should be selected as UEV to prevent proximal decompensation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Vegetation establishment on chalk marl spoil: the role of nurse grass species and fertiliser application

The Channel Tunnel workings on the UK side have yielded nearly 4 million m3 of chalk-marl spoil which now forms a 36 ha landscaped reclamation platform. To establish vegetation of amenity and conservation interest on the spoil, seed mixtures of native wild flowers and grasses were sown with Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass) as a nurse species. Potentially, L. perenne is a suitable nurse species for grassland creation on infertile substrates as it provides rapid initial cover and stability, but it is non-persistent and declines in vigour with time, allowing wild flower species sown alongside to expand their cover and spread in the longer term. On very low fertility substrates like chalk marl, an initial application of fertilizer is needed to encourage plant growth. Results are reported of a fertilizer experiment on Channel Tunnel spoil to determine appropriate levels of fertilizer for establishment of species-rich grassland vegetation. An area hydroseeded with L. perenne and wild flowers in autumn 1992 was subjected to factorial treatment of four levels each of N and P in spring 1993. The results the following summer showed significant positive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on L. perenne biomass and a negative impact of nitrogen on densities of wild flower species, especially legumes, establishing in the L. perenne sward. In general, low fertilizer applications encouraged low productivity and maximal species richness in the vegetation. Conversely high applications encouraged high productivity and competitive exclusion of sown wild flower species. Fertilizer applications must therefore balance encouragement of the stabilising nurse grass sward, while preventing competitive exclusion of wild flowers by the nurse grass.
A Rapid Method for Selecting Non-Saccharomyces Strains with a Low Ethanol Yield

The alcohol content in wine has increased due to external factors in recent decades. In recent reports, some non-Saccharomyces yeast species have been confirmed to reduce ethanol during the alcoholic fermentation process. Thus, an efficient screening of non-Saccharomyces yeasts with low ethanol yield is required due to the broad diversity of these yeasts. In this study, we proposed a rapid method for selecting strains with a low ethanol yield from forty-five non-Saccharomyces yeasts belonging to eighteen species. Single fermentations were carried out for this rapid selection. Then, sequential fermentations in synthetic and natural must were conducted with the selected strains to confirm their capacity to reduce ethanol compared with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that ten non-Saccharomyces strains were able to reduce the ethanol content, namely, Hanseniaspora uvarum (2), Issatchenkia terricola (1), Metschnikowia pulcherrima (2), Lachancea thermotolerans (1), Saccharomycodes ludwigii (1), Torulaspora delbrueckii (2), and Zygosaccharomyces bailii (1). Compared with S. cerevisiae, the ethanol reduction of the selected strains ranged from 0.29 to 1.39% (v/v). Sequential inoculations of M. pulcherrima (Mp51 and Mp FA) and S. cerevisiae reduced the highest concentration of ethanol by 1.17 to 1.39% (v/v) in synthetic or natural must. Second, sequential fermentations with Z. bailii (Zb43) and T. delbrueckii (Td Pt) performed in natural must yielded ethanol reductions of 1.02 and 0.84% (v/v), respectively.
PHOTOINHIBITION OF MECHANICALLY STIMULABLE BIOLUMINESCENCE IN THE HETEROTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE PROTOPERIDINIUM DEPRESSUM (PYRROPHYTA) 1

Photoinhibition of mechanically stimulable bioluminescence (MSL) in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Protoperidinium depressum Bailey was investigated using samples collected from the Massachusetts and southern Texas coasts. The times for both photoinhibition of MSL (ca. 10 min) and dark recovery from photoinhibition of MSL (ca. 45 min) in this species were similar to those reported for autotrophic dinoflagellates. The degree of photoinhibition of MSL was a linear function of the logarithm of photon flux density (PFD). The threshold PFDs for the photoinhibition of MSL were 0.02, 0.6, and 21 μmol photons · m−2· s−1 for broad‐band blue, green, and red light, respectively. These PFDs are lower than those required for photoinhibition of MSL by the autotrophic dinoflagellates Pyrocystis lunula and Ceratium fusus. We speculate that photosynthetic pigments in autotrophic dinoflagellates shield the photoreceptor that causes photoinhibition of MSL, thus lowering the sensitivity of these dinoflagellates to light. When field‐collected P. depressum were kept in the laboratory without growth for a week, photoinhibition of MSL's sensitivity to light increased progressively along with 1) a decrease in its bioluminescence capacity (BCAP), 2) a decrease in the ratio of MSL to BCAP (MSL/BCAP), and 3) a decrease in the orange pigmentation (probably carotenoid) of the dinoflagellate. The action spectrum for photoinhibition of MSL in P. depressum was characterized primarily with a broad peak in the blue extending into the green. We suggest that carotenoid was not a photoreceptor for the photoinhibition of MSL in P. depressum because the peak of the action spectrum was too broad and extended too far into the green part of the spectrum, and because the orange pigment present decreased as photoinhibition of MSL became more sensitive to light.
Contraction‐regulated mTORC1 and protein synthesis: Influence of AMPK and glycogen

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐dependent Raptor Ser792 phosphorylation does not influence mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)‐S6K1 activation by intense muscle contraction. α2‐AMPK activity‐deficient mice have lower contraction‐stimulated protein synthesis. Increasing glycogen activates mTORC1‐S6K1. Normalizing muscle glycogen content rescues reduced protein synthesis in AMPK‐deficient mice.
Cross-resistance and Fitness Cost Analysis of Resistance to Thiamethoxam in Melon and Cotton Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract The melon/cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a notorious pest in many crops. The neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam is widely used for A. gossypii control. To evaluate thiamethoxam resistance risk, a melon/cotton aphid strain with an extremely high level of resistance to thiamethoxam (>2,325.6-fold) was established after selection with thiamethoxam for 24 generations. Additionally, the cross-resistance pattern to other neonicotinoids and fitness were analyzed. The cross-resistance results showed the thiamethoxam-resistant strain had extremely high levels of cross-resistance against clothianidin (>311.7-fold) and nitenpyram (299.9-fold), high levels of cross-resistance against dinotefuran (142.3-fold) and acetamiprid (76.6-fold), and low cross-resistance against imidacloprid (9.3-fold). Compared with the life table of susceptible strain, the thiamethoxam-resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.950, with significant decreases in oviposition days and fecundity and prolonged developmental duration. The molecular mechanism for fitness costs was studied by comparing the mRNA expression levels of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT), juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP), juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), ecdysone receptor (EcR), ultraspiracle protein (USP), and Vitellogenin (Vg) in the susceptible and thiamethoxam-resistant strains. Significant overexpression of JHEH and JHBP and downregulation of EcR and Vg expression were found in the thiamethoxam-resistant strain. These results indicate that A. gossypii has the potential to develop extremely high resistance to thiamethoxam after continuous exposure, with a considerable fitness cost and cross-resistance to other neonicotinoids.