Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preclinical PET Imaging of Granzyme B Shows Promotion of Immunological Response Following Combination Paclitaxel and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Advancements in monitoring and predicting of patient-specific response of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to immunotherapy (IMT) with and without chemotherapy are needed. Using granzyme B-specific positron emission tomography (GZP-PET) imaging, we aimed to monitor changes in effector cell activation in response to IMT with chemotherapy in TNBC. TNBC mouse models received the paclitaxel (PTX) ± immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte 4 (anti-CTLA4). GZP-PET imaging was performed on treatment days 0, 3, and 6. Mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), effector cell fractions, and SUV histograms were compared. Mice were sacrificed at early imaging timepoints for cytokine and histological analyses. GZP-PET imaging data revealed differences prior to tumor volume changes. By day six, responders had SUVmean ≥ 2.2-fold higher (p < 0.0037) and effector cell fractions ≥ 1.9-fold higher (p = 0.03) compared to non-responders. IMT/PTX resulted in a significantly different SUV distribution compared to control, indicating broader distribution of activated intratumoral T-cells. IMT/PTX resulted in significantly more necrotic tumor tissue and increased levels of IL-2, 4, and 12 compared to control. Results implicate immunogenic cell death through upregulation of key Th1/Th2 cytokines by IMT/PTX. Noninvasive PET imaging can provide data on the TNBC tumor microenvironment, specifically intratumoral effector cell activation, predicting response to IMT plus chemotherapy.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on household financial decisions: A consumer vulnerability perspective

Abstract This study joins a rapidly growing body of research that investigates the multi‐faceted impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic on consumers' behavior. Specifically, we examine how the pandemic‐induced state of vulnerability impacts consumers' saving, investing, and spending decisions. Using survey data from four different countries (i.e., USA, UK, South Africa, and Mexico), we examine the role of personality on consumer vulnerability, create an index of consumer vulnerability, and establish the role of vulnerability in impacting important financial decisions. We report evidence that perceptions of vulnerability and the pandemic‐induced changes in financial and consumption behaviors vary across residents of developed and developing countries. The results indicate that vulnerability is experienced and reflected through a multitude of fears and concerns and is influenced by personality traits (agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, need for material resources, and need for body resources) and can result in increased spending on products/services that are not normally perceived as necessities. Our findings carry important theoretical and managerial implications.
Genomic differences among strains of Corynebacterium cystitidis isolated from uterus of camels.

INTRODUCTION Members of the Corynebacterium cystitidis species are usually isolated from kidney and urine of cow having pyelonephritis. Nevertheless, we have isolated Corynebacterium cystitidis for the first time from uterus of camels, extending the type of mammalian host for this species. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether there are significant genetic variations between strains isolated from different host species and anatomic sites. In this perspective, we investigated the genomic diversity of Corynebacterium cystitidis species, whose pan genome remain unexplored to date. METHODOLOGY Thus, we sequenced and compared the genomes of five Corynebacterium cystitidis of camel origin and a public genome of cow associated Corynebacterium cystitidis. RESULTS Results revealed open pan genome of 4,038 gene clusters and horizontal gene transfer played a role in the extensive genetic diversity. Further, we found an obvious distinction between cow and camel associated C. cystitidis via phylogenomic analysis and by average nucleotide identity value of 95% between the two distant lineages and > 99% within camel associated C. cystitidis strains. Moreover, our data supports the hypothesis that the gene repertoire of cow associated Corynebacterium cystitidis developed so as to become more adaptable to the urine milieu. These genetic potentials are specifically evident for genes required for benzoate breakdown, iron transport, citrate and alanine utilization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the differentiation of strains into camel lineage and cow lineage. These different niches, comprising the uterus of camel and urinary tract of cow probably played a role in shaping the gene repertoire of strains.
Homologous and Heterologous Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination Does Not Induce New-Onset Formation of Autoantibodies Typically Accompanying Lupus Erythematodes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Celiac Disease and Antiphospholipid Syndrome

The COVID-19 pandemics has caused the death of almost six million people worldwide. In order to establish collective immunity, the first vaccines that were approved in Germany were the vector virus-based vaccine Vaxzevria and the mRNA vaccines Comirnaty and Spikevax, respectively. As it was reported that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmunity, it is of significant interest to investigate whether COVID-19 vaccines evoke the formation of autoantibodies and subsequent autoimmunity. Here, we analyzed immune responses after different vaccination regimens (mRNA/mRNA, Vector/Vector or Vector/mRNA) with respect to anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity and the development of autoantibodies well known for their appearance in distinct autoimmune diseases. We found that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were 90% lower after Vector/Vector vaccination compared to the other vaccinations and that Vector/mRNA vaccination was more effective than mRNA/mRNA vaccination in terms of IgM and IgA responses. However, until 4 months after booster vaccination we only detected increases in autoantibodies in participants with already pre-existing autoantibodies whereas vaccinees showing no autoantibody formation before vaccination did not respond with sustained autoantibody production. Taken together, our study suggests that all used COVID-19 vaccines do not significantly foster the appearance of autoantibodies commonly associated with lupus erythematodes, rheumatoid arthritis, Celiac disease and antiphospholipid-syndrome but provide immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Early Cellular, Molecular, Morphological and Behavioral Changes in the Humanized Amyloid-Beta-Knock-In Mouse Model of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

The purpose of our study is to investigate early cellular, molecular, morphological and behavioral changes in humanized amyloid-beta-knock-in (hAbKI) mice. Using seven-month-old homozygous hAbKI mice, we studied behavioral phenotype parameters, including spatial learning and memory (Morris Water Maze), locomotor activity (open field), working memory (Y-maze) and motor coordination (rotarod); mRNA abundance, protein levels, soluble amyloid-beta 40 and 42 levels and regional immunoreactivities of key markers of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptic health, mitophagy and autophagy; mitochondrial function and using transmission electron microscopy & Golgi–Cox staining, we assessed mitochondrial morphology and dendritic spines. Our extensive behavioral analysis revealed that seven-month-old hAbKI mice showed impairments in motor coordination, reduced locomotor and exploration activities, impairments in working memory and spatial learning and memory. Our mRNA and protein analyses revealed the increased expression of mitochondrial-fission genes and reduced expression of mitochondrial-fusion, mitochondrial-biogenesis, synaptic, autophagy and mitophagy genes in seven-month-old hAbKI mice. An immunofluorescence analysis revealed altered immunoreactivities and agreed with the immunoblot results. Transmission-electron-microscopy data revealed increased mitochondrial fragmentation and reduced mitochondrial length in both hippocampal and cortical tissues of seven-month-old hAbKI mice and mitochondrial function defective. A Golgi–Cox-staining analysis revealed reduced dendritic spines in both cerebral cortices and hippocampi of hAbKI mice. Soluble amyloid-beta (1–40 and 1–42) were detected in three-month-old hAbKI mice and progressively increased in seven-month-old mice. These observations suggest that the human amyloid-beta peptide is sufficient to cause behavioral, mitochondrial, synaptic and ultrastructural changes in seven-month-old hAbKI mice. Our study findings also suggest that hAbKI mice might serve as a model for preclinical studies of preventive therapies.
Rupture Heterogeneity and Directivity Effects in Back‐Projection Analysis

The back projection method is a tremendously powerful technique for investigating the time dependent earthquake source, but its physical interpretation is elusive. We investigate how earthquake rupture heterogeneity and directivity can affect back‐projection results (imaged location and beam power) using synthetic earthquake models. Rather than attempting to model the dynamics of any specific real earthquake, we use idealized kinematic rupture models, with constant or varying rupture velocity, peak slip rate, and fault‐local strike orientation along unilateral or bilateral rupturing faults, and perform back‐projection with the resultant synthetic seismograms. Our experiments show back‐projection can track only heterogeneous rupture processes; homogeneous rupture is not resolved in our synthetic experiments. The amplitude of beam power does not necessarily correlate with the amplitude of any specific rupture parameter (e.g., slip rate or rupture velocity) at the back‐projected location. Rather, it depends on the spatial heterogeneity around the back‐projected rupture front, and is affected by the rupture directivity. A shorter characteristic wavelength of the source heterogeneity or rupture directivity toward the array results in strong beam power in higher frequency. We derive an equation based on Doppler theory to relate the wavelength of heterogeneity with synthetic seismogram frequency. This theoretical relation can explain the frequency‐ and array‐dependent back‐projection results not only in our synthetic experiments but also to analyze the 2019 M7.6 bilaterally rupturing New Ireland earthquake. Our study provides a novel perspective to physically interpret back‐projection results and to retrieve information about earthquake rupture characteristics.
AKUNTABILITAS LEMBAGA PENGELOLA WAKAF

Although wakaf has much importance for social living and practiced since a long time ago, but in fact wakaf has not maximally functioned. Still much numbers of people living under poor line level showed this fact. Some causes make wakaf is not effective. In one side, the cause is related to the human resources, especially in the side of the organizer (nāẓir). Other cause is the weakness of the accountability of wakaf institution. Applying doctrinal and non-doctrinal approach, this research showed that in PKPU the organizer implemented the principle of transparency and accountability in managing waqaf in the institution. The principle of accountability is implemented in the form of audit, both internally and externally by public accountant. Applying the principle of accountability had been increasing the public trust to the wakaf institution. ABSTRAK: Walaupun wakaf memiliki arti penting bagi kehidupan sosial dan telah dipraktekkan sejak lama, namun dalam kenyataannya wakaf belum difungsikan secara maksimal. Masih banyaknya anggota masyarakat yang hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan menunjukkan kenyataan ini. Ada beberapa penyebab yang membuat wakaf tidak efektif. Di salah satu sisi, penyebabnya terkait dengan sumber daya manusia, khususnya pada sisi pengelola (nāẓir), Penyebab yang lain adalah lemahnya akuntabilitas dari institusi wakaf. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan doktrinal dan non-doktrinal penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di PKPU pengelola menerapkan prinsip transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam mengelola wakaf di dalam lembaga itu. Prinsip akuntabilitas diimplementasikan dalam bentuk audit, baik internal maupun eksternal oleh akuntan publik. Penerapan prinsip akntabilitas telah meningkatkan kepercayaan publik terhadap lembaga wakaf.
Downstream development associated with two types of ridging South Atlantic Ocean anticyclones over South Africa

Abstract. There are at least two types of ridging South Atlantic Ocean high pressure systems in the South African domain. Type-N events occur north of 40° S and Type-S occur south of this latitude line. This study shows that there is no evidence of surface downstream development in terms of the evolution of eddy kinetic energy and associated ageostrophic geopotential fluxes for both types of ridging high events. Rather, for these systems downstream development is an upper level process. The baroclinic waves associated with the ridging develop from baroclinic instability, by converting eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy. The bulk of the conversion is located at the upstream end of the waves. The downstream trough, which is the part of the wave that influences upward motion over South Africa, develops from the transport of eddy kinetic energy across the trough axis by means of ageostrophic geopotential fluxes. These fluxes are stronger for Type-S events. The absence of downstream development at the surface and the presence of it aloft demonstrates that there are differences in the underlying dynamics in the evolutions of these systems in the vertical. The evolution of eddy kinetic energy associated with baroclinic waves that occur during the ridging events is different from what has been observed for cut-off low pressure systems in the South African domain.
Morphology and phylogeny of two new Thalassiosiroid taxa (Bacillariophyceae), with two marginal rimoportulae

ABSTRACT Thalassiosira and related taxa i.e. the taxa within Thalassiosirales are among the most abundant and widespread diatoms. The vast majority have one marginal rimoportula, but very few always have two. The knowledge on Thalassiosiroid taxa in Chinese waters is restricted, and to explore the diversity, monoclonal strains were established from southern Chinese coastal waters. Morphological data were based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The D1‒D3 region of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the small subunit (SSU) encoding genes were amplified to address phylogenetic relationships. Based on a combination of morphological characters and molecular analyses, two new species with two marginal rimoportulae were described, Planktoniella pulchra sp. nov. and Thalassiosira tridens sp. nov. Planktoniella pulchra is furthermore characterized by one regular ring of marginal fultoportulae between the valve face and the mantle, as well as dense ribs on the mantle. A narrow circular extension of mucilaginous material surrounds the girdle. In phylogenetic analyses, it clustered within the Planktoniella group. Thalassiosira tridens is unique in having a pronounced external tube of the central fultoportula, as well as long external tubes of the two marginal rimoportulae. Two irregular rings formed by the marginal fultoportulae are present on the mantle, and their external extensions are either open tubes or closed spines. In the SSU and LSU phylogenetic analyses, both taxa constituted their own monophyletic lineage and were well differentiated from allied species. Thalassiosiroid taxa with two marginal rimoportulae were phylogenetically closely related, but did not make up a monophyletic lineage.
Evidence Accumulates for Individual Attributes in Risky Choice

It has long been assumed in economic theory that multi-attribute decisions involving several attributes or dimensions – such as probabilities and amounts of money to be earned during risky choices – are resolved by first combining the attributes of each option to form an overall expected value and then comparing the expected values of the alternative options, using a unique evidence accumulation process (integrate-then-compare model). Two plausible alternatives would be: performing multiple comparisons between the individual attributes in parallel and then integrating the results of the comparisons afterwards (compare-then-integrate model); combining the two methods described above (combined model). Distinguishing between these alternative models has been difficult, as they tend to generate similar predictions across a wide range of conditions. Here, we devise a novel method to disambiguate between integrate-then-compare, compare-then-integrate, and combined models of multi-attribute decisions, by orthogonally manipulating the expected value of the options and the saliency of their attributes. Our results, using behavioral measures and drift-diffusion models, provide evidence in favor of the compare-then-integrate and combined models but against the integrate-then-compare model. This suggests that risky decisions are resolved by running in parallel multiple comparisons between the separate attributes – possibly in combination with an additional comparison between the expected values of the options. This result stands in contrast with the assumption of standard economic theory that choices require a unique comparison of expected values and suggests that at the cognitive and neural levels, decision processes might be more distributed than commonly assumed.
Security through network-wide diversity assignment

The best efforts of the computer security community have not eliminated software with hidden attackable vulnerabilities in the world. Code analyzers and hardened operating environments have reduced software bugs. Improved training has created capable security administrators who have decreased the population of exploitable systems through attentive patching and network access control. A third approach to combating vulnerabilities has been proposed which requires the use of diverse software packages to slow or stop attackers. Literature examining the topic of software diversity details a variety of implementations, but for both business and technical reasons, the limited number of functionally equivalent yet distinct software packages makes diversity a less effective strategy than one may like. In this dissertation, we make diversity a viable security strategy despite the limited number of diverse systems. We abstract the software diversity concept to a hypergraph by considering how techniques for generating diversity interact and present themselves to attackers. We show that diversity's utility can be increased through the use of graph coloring algorithms. We design a series of distributed graph coloring algorithms and test these on real-world graphs collected from the BGP topology of the IPv6 backbone and nine months of e-mail traffic. The diversity assignments are quantified through the use of graph theory-based metrics, such as the monochromatic edge count and the disconnected component count, as well as the epidemic threshold, a metric borrowed from epidemiology research. Any methodology for increasing the attack tolerance of a network is destined to come under attack itself. We examine the tradeoff between the quality of our algorithm's diversity assignment produced and our algorithm's attack tolerance. We show that the attack tolerance of our algorithms can be increased by presenting an attacker with a diversity of graph coloring algorithms. Based upon our observations, simulations, and analysis we are left with a confirmation of our thesis: not only is diversity critical for improving the attack tolerance of a network, but diversity must be applied at all levels of system design including mechanisms to introduce the diversity itself.
Reduced versus standard intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA injections for treatment of overactive bladder

Intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injection is an effective advanced treatment for overactive bladder. While the effective dosages have been well studied, very little data exist on treatment efficacy using differing injection techniques. The objective of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of a reduced injection technique of 5 injection sites was noninferior to the standard technique of 20 injection sites of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of overactive bladder.
Natural and Anthropogenic Driving Forces of Carbonate Weathering and the Related Carbon Sink Flux: A Model Comparison Study at Global Scale

The continental weathering process is driven by environmental factors such as changes in temperature, moisture, and CO2 concentration, which can have natural (climate) or anthropogenic (land‐use) origins. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the global applicability of different environmental drivers, which can be used to estimate the global carbonate dissolution intensity (bicarbonate concentration, (HCO3−), as a proxy) and the related carbon sink flux (CCSF). We employ three ecological models and a series of satellite‐based databases, which provide estimates on soil CO2‐concentrations (pCO2). By using the three parameterized pCO2, global temperature (T) and runoff (N), we obtain similar global averages for (HCO3−) and CCSF, ranging from 2.73 to 2.81 mmol L−1 and 4.52–5.36 t C km−2 yr−1. We compare our calculated (HCO3−) to observed carbonate spring records. The results indicate that the net primary production based pCO2 (NPP‐pCO2) model is more accurate for simulating (HCO3−) in most boreal and temperate ecosystems, while the soil‐water content based pCO2 (SWC‐pCO2) model may perform better in forests. According to the findings in this study, we stress that natural and anthropogenic factors are strongly intertwined in shaping global (HCO3−) and CCSF patterns. Due to the crucial role of human land‐uses in pCO2 and water yield, future human land‐use changes may be as significant as natural climatic changes for carbonate weathering and thus the relevant carbon sink.
Transfer of Training and Job Performance: Analysis of Development Sector in Pakistan

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between training factors and job performance when training transfer mediates the relationship. This research is quantitative in nature and has employed SPSS-21 and Smart-PLS software to analyze the data and to test the hypothesized relationship between variables of the conceptual model. The research strategy involves a survey design using primary data. The findings of the research indicated a strong positive relationship between latent constructs. Moreover, the direct relationship between training factors and training transfer was significant therefore hypotheses were accepted. The indirect relationship between training transfer and job performance was significant and positive therefore hypotheses involved were accepted. The findings of the research under the study supported existing literature. Managerial implications of the research involve staff preparedness that should be ensured by working proactively, training aims should be associated with the organizational goals, and the relevance of training content should be ensured with the current job. This study enriched the understanding of the gap between training received and implications on the development sector by showing the impact of training factors and training transfer on job performance.