Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive growth rather than decline: examining highly educated, third age women’s learning

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to examine what learning capabilities and ways of learning may be possible for women in their third age. The study addresses cognitive aspects of real-life learning of older women who are experienced learners. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 women aged between 60 and 81 who hold either a PhD or a MA. Despite reports of memory decline, the findings show that the interviewees perceive their current learning not only as not showing decline, but rather as of a better quality than the learning they had experienced in previous periods. Examples of the features used to describe the current quality of learning include: (a) improved learning strategies; (b) connecting prior conceptual knowledge to new learning processes as a way of making meaning and interpreting new knowledge; and, (c) the outcome of the learning processes is deep knowledge and understanding that may be applied for achieving practical goals. The findings show that in learning that is geared towards real-life needs and goals, the older women who participated in this study adopt active, deep learning, leading to generative knowledge. The implications of these findings for the pedagogies used in educational institutions for older adults are discussed.
Effects of Target Variables on Interpersonal Distance Perception for Young Taiwanese during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected not only public health but also people’s daily lives. Among various strategies to prevent infection, mask wearing and vaccination are considered to be the most effective methods; however, they may affect the comfortable interpersonal distance (IPD) for social interactions. In 2023, although the COVID-19 epidemic is considered to be similar to influenza, the public health sector of Taiwan still plans to give each person at least one dose per year, and even two does for special cases such as the elderly; and more than 90% of Taiwanese are still accustomed to wearing masks in public areas. Compared with mask wearing, studies examining the effects of vaccination on IPD are lacking. Therefore, an online survey was conducted in this study to collect the IPD data of 50 male and 50 female participants to elucidate the effects of mask wearing, vaccination, and target sex variables on IPD. The results showed that all variables significantly affected IPD (all p < 0.001). The effect of masks on IPD (49.1 cm) was slightly greater than that of vaccination (43.5 cm). The IPDs reported for wearing and not wearing masks were 145.7 and 194.8 cm, respectively, and those for vaccinated and unvaccinated were 148.5 and 192.0 cm, respectively. Regardless of participant sex, the IPDs for the female targets were significantly shorter than those for the male targets, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. Although mask wearing and vaccination are functionally different in nature, the findings indicate that the effects of both on IPD are nearly identical, jointly shortening IPD to approximately 93 cm. This implies that not only masks but also vaccination could lead to the shortening of IPD and may cause challenges in the prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission.
Sur l'approximation de familles de mesures par des familles gaussiennes

On montre que dans le cas d'observations independantes equidistribuees une condition de Lindenberg sur les racines carrees des densites est necessaire et suffisante pour assurer l'approximabilite pour des distances diverses et peut-etre aussi pour une distance forte entre experiences statistiques
Preterm Heart in Adult Life Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Reveals Distinct Differences in Left Ventricular Mass, Geometry, and Function

apical and basal peak systolic rotation rate, P =0.05 and P =0.006; net twist angle, P =0.02) movement were significantly reduced. A diagnosis of preeclampsia during the pregnancy was associated with further reductions in longitudinal peak systolic strain in the offspring ( P =0.02, n=29). Conclusions —Individuals born preterm have increased left ventricular mass in adult life. Furthermore, they exhibit a unique 3-dimensional left ventricular geometry and significant reductions in systolic and diastolic functional parameters.
Do Purpose in Life and Social Support Mediate the Association between Religiousness/Spirituality and Mortality? Evidence from the MIDUS National Sample

We examined prospective associations between religiousness/spirituality (R/S; i.e., service attendance, R/S identity, R/S coping, spirituality) and all-cause mortality in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) sample, including whether having a purpose in life and positive social support are indirect pathways through which R/S predicts mortality. We examined service attendance and a composite of R/S identity, R/S coping, and spirituality from the baseline wave (1995–1996; n = 6120 with complete data), purpose in life and positive social support from the second wave (2004–2006), and vital status through 2020 (n = 1711 decedents). Cox regression models showed that attending religious services more than weekly and approximately weekly was associated with a lower mortality risk compared to never attending in the adjusted models (>weekly vs. never, HR (95% CI) = 0.72 (0.61, 0.85); weekly vs. never, HR (95% CI) = 0.76 (0.66, 0.88)). The R/S composite was also associated with lower mortality risk in the adjusted models (HR (95% CI) = 0.92 (0.87, 0.97)). Indirect effects from R/S to mortality via purpose in life and positive social support were significantly different from zero. These findings highlight the importance of multidimensional aspects of R/S for population health and point to purpose in life and positive social support as underlying pathways between R/S and mortality.
Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions against COVID-19 Causing a Lower Trend in Age of LHON Onset

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a monogenic but multifactorial disease vulnerable to environmental triggers. Little is known about how LHON onset changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and how non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPHIs) against COVID-19 impact LHON onset. One hundred and forty-seven LHON patients with the m.11778G>A mutation complaining of vision loss were involved between January 2017 and July 2022. The onset time points, age of onset, and possible risk factors were evaluated. Analyses were conducted among 96 LHON patients in the Pre-COVID-19 group and 51 in the COVID-19 group. The median (IQR) age of onset decreased significantly from 16.65 (13.739, 23.02) in pre-COVID-19 to 14.17 (8.87, 20.29) during COVID-19. Compared with the Pre-COVID-19 group, the COVID-19 group exhibited bimodal distribution with an additional peak at six; the first quarter of 2020 also witnessed a relatively denser onset, with no subsequent second spike. NPHIs against COVID-19 significantly changed patients’ lifestyles, including higher secondhand smoke exposure (p < 0.001), adherence to masks (p < 0.001), reduction in time spent outdoors for leisure (p = 0.001), and prolonged screen time (p = 0.007). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that secondhand smoke exposure and mask-wearing were independent risk factors of younger LHON onset. Lower age of onset of LHON appeared after the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic, and novel risk factors were detected, including secondhand exposure and long mask-wearing. Carriers of LHON mtDNA mutations, especially teenagers or children, should be advised to avoid secondhand smoke exposure and there are possible adverse outcomes of longer mask-wearing.
The Political Consequences of Green Policies: Evidence from Italy

or many governments, enacting green policies is a priority, but such policies often impose on citizens substantial and uneven costs. How does the introduction of green policies affect voting? We study this question in the context of a major ban on polluting cars introduced in Milan, which was strongly opposed by the populist right party Lega. Using several inferential strategies, we show that owners of banned vehicles — who incurred a median loss of € 3,750 — were significantly more likely to vote for Lega in the subsequent elections. Our analysis indicates that this electoral change did not stem from a broader shift against environmentalism, but rather from disaffection with the policy ’ s uneven pocketbook implications. In line with this pattern, recipients of compensation from the local government were not more likely to switch to Lega. The findings highlight the central importance of distributive consequences in shaping the political ramifications of green policies.
Cocycles on groupoids arising from N k -actions

We consider groupoids constructed from a ﬁnite number of commuting local homeomorphisms acting on a compact metric space and study generalized Ruelle operators and C ∗ -algebras associated to these groupoids. We provide a new characterization of 1-cocycles on these groupoids taking values in a locally compact abelian group, given in terms of k -tuples of continuous functions on the unit space satisfying certain canonical identities. Using this, we develop an extended Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theory for dynamical systems of several commuting operators ( k -Ruelle triples and commuting Ruelle operators). Results on KMS states on C ∗ -algebras constructed from these groupoids are derived. When the groupoids being studied come from higher-rank graphs, our results recover existence and uniqueness results for KMS states associated to the graphs
Offshore winds obtained from a network of wind‐profiler radars during HyMeX

11 ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) and very‐high‐frequency (VHF) wind‐profiler radars were in operation for 13–18 months during the international Hydrological Cycle in Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) field campaign, devoted to the study of the atmospheric and marine water cycle in the western Mediterranean basin. These profilers provided vertical profiles of wind vector, turbulence, precipitation and the height of the atmospheric boundary layer and tropopause. The inland three VHF profilers aimed to document the upstream or downstream synoptic flow conditions. Five UHF profilers for lower atmosphere description were deployed along the French Mediterranean coast and Corsica Island. They were used to retrieve the 3D atmospheric wind fields over the basin, by assuming linearity of the fields inside a limited spatial and temporal domain. The objective of this article is to establish to what extent the 3D wind fields derived from the coastline profiler network are representative of the offshore kinematics. This assessment is performed by comparing more than one year of continuous profiler observations during different weather conditions with balloon radiosoundings and in situ aircraft or boundary‐layer pressurized balloon measurements.
Litchfield, Damien and Donovan, Tim (2016) Worth a quick look? Initial scene previews can guide eye movements as a function of domain-specific expertise

Rapid scene recognition is a global visual process we can all exploit to guide search. This ability is thought to underpin expertise in medical image perception yet there is no direct evidence that isolates the expertise-specific contribution of processing scene previews on subsequent eye movement performance. We used the flash-preview moving window paradigm (Castelhano & Henderson, 2007) to investigate this issue. Expert radiologists and novice observers underwent 2 experiments whereby participants either saw a 250ms scene preview or a mask before searching for a target. Observers looked for everyday objects from real-world scenes (Experiment 1), and searched for lung nodules from medical images (Experiment 2). Both expertise groups exploited the brief preview of the upcoming scene to more efficiently guide windowed search in Experiment 1, but there was only a weak effect of domain-specific expertise in Experiment 2, with experts showing small improvements in search metrics with scene previews. Expert diagnostic performance was better than novices in all conditions but was not contingent on seeing the scene preview, and scene preview actually impaired novice diagnostic performance. Experiment 3 required novice and experienced observers to search for a variety abnormalities from different medical images. Rather than maximising the expertise-specific advantage of processing scene previews, both novices and experienced radiographers were worse at detecting abnormalities with scene previews. We discuss how restricting access to the initial glimpse can be compensated for by subsequent search and discovery processing, but there can still be costs in integrating a fleeting glimpse of a medical scene.
Miss-Allocation: The Value of Workplace Gender Composition and Occupational Segregation

I analyze the value workers ascribe to the gender composition of their workplace and the consequences of these valuations for occupational segregation, tipping, and welfare. To elicit these valuations, I survey 9,000 US adults using a hypothetical job choice experiment. This reveals that women value gender homophily in the workplace and men value gender diversity. Older female workers are more likely to value gender homophily, suggesting that gender norms and discrimination, which have declined over time, may help explain women’s desire for homophily. Using these results, I estimate a structural model of occupation choice to assess their consequences for gender sorting and welfare. I find that workers’ average composition valuations are not large enough to create tipping points, but they do reduce the female share in male-dominated occupations substantially. Gender composition valuations also create a sorting externality: a welfare-maximizing social planner would reallocate workers to substantially decrease segregation, improving consumption-equivalent welfare by about 2%. ∗Department of Economics, Stanford University. Email: schuhr@stanford.edu. I am grateful to my advisors Nicholas Bloom, Isaac Sorkin, Peter Klenow, and Alessandra Voena for advice and support. I would also like to thank Pascaline Dupas, Muriel Niederle, Caroline Hoxby, Adrien Auclert, Basit Zafar, and seminar participants at Stanford, the All-California Labor Economics Conference, and the Young Economists Symposium for valuable feedback and Emily Eisner for early collaboration on this project. Varanya Chaubey and Lisa Modifica provided excellent editorial assistance. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship grant no. DGE-1656518. I also acknowledge financial support from the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research George P. Shultz Dissertation Fund and the Stanford University Graduate Research Opportunity Fund.
REVIEW ARTICLE THE EFFECT OF PRICE PERCEPTION AND CONVENIENCE ONLINE SHOPPING TOWARDS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF BATIK PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this research is to empirically prove price perception, information search convenience, and transaction process convenience on customer satisfaction to the batik products online. Quantitative approach was used in this research with 165 respondents as samples. The purposive sampling was used as the sampling technique. The result of the first hypothesis showed that the correlationbetween the price perception and the customer satisfaction was positive and significant. The result of the second hypothesis showed that the correlation between information search convenience and the customer satisfaction was positive, though not significant. The result of the third hypothesis showed that the correlation between transaction process convenience and the customer satisfaction was positive and significant.
Do the negative symptoms of schizophrenia reflect reduced responsiveness to reward? Examination using a reward prediction error (RPE) task

Abstract Background A leading theory of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is that they reflect reduced responsiveness to rewarding stimuli. This proposal has been linked to abnormal (reduced) dopamine function in the disorder, because phasic release of dopamine is known to code for reward prediction error (RPE). Nevertheless, few functional imaging studies have examined if patients with negative symptoms show reduced RPE-associated activations. Methods Matched groups of DSM-5 schizophrenia patients with high negative symptom scores (HNS, N = 27) or absent negative symptoms (ANS, N = 27) and healthy controls (HC, N = 30) underwent fMRI scanning while they performed a probabilistic monetary reward task designed to generate a measure of RPE. Results In the HC, whole-brain analysis revealed that RPE was positively associated with activation in the ventral striatum, the putamen, and areas of the lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, among other regions. Group comparison revealed no activation differences between the healthy controls and the ANS patients. However, compared to the ANS patients, the HNS patients showed regions of significantly reduced activation in the left ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and in the right lingual and fusiform gyrus. HNS and ANS patients showed no activation differences in ventral striatal or midbrain regions-of-interest (ROIs), but the HNS patients showed reduced activation in a left orbitofrontal cortex ROI. Conclusions The findings do not suggest that a generalized reduction of RPE signalling underlies negative symptoms. Instead, they point to a more circumscribed dysfunction in the lateral frontal and possibly the orbitofrontal cortex.
Facing Change: Gender and Climate Change Attitudes Worldwide

ender differences in concern about climate change are highly correlated with economic development: when countries are wealthier, a gap emerges whereby women are more likely than men to express concern about our changing climate. These differences stem from cross-national variation in men ’ s attitudes. Men, more than women, tend to be less concerned about climate change when countries are wealthier. This article develops a new theory about the perceived costs and benefits of climate mitigation policy to explain this pattern. At the country level, the perceived benefits of mitigation tend to decrease with economic development, whereas the perceived costs increase. At the individual level, the perceived costs of mitigation tend to increase with economic development for men more than for women. Evidence from existing surveys from every world region, an original 10-country survey in the Americas and Europe, and focus groups in Peru and the United States support the theory.
own mind

http://aut.sagepub. com/content/14/5/474.abstract Abstract Assuming that self-awareness is not a unitary phenomenon, and that one can be aware of different aspects of self at any one time, it follows that selective impairments in self-awareness can occur. This paper explores the idea that autism involves a particular deficit in awareness of the “psychological self”, or “theory of own mind”. This hypothesised deficit renders individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at least as impaired at recognising their own mental states as at recognising mental states in other people. This deficit, it is argued, stands in contrast to an apparently typical awareness of the “physical self” amongst people with autism. Theoretical implications of the empirical evidence are discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG STUDENTS OF ZARQA EDUCATION DIRECTORATE

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of physical activity and global self-esteem, and the relationships between them, for male and female students of Zarqa education directorate in 7 th , 8 th and 9 th grades. Six hundreds eighty seven students completed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and Leisure time physical activity questionnaire. Descriptive statistical techniques, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data of the study. Results showed significant differences between boys and girls on level of energy expenditure and intensity. The level of physical activity was significantly more strenuous for 7 th and 8 th graders than for 9 th graders for both genders. Significant differences were found for the global self-esteem due to gender, but not for grade. Moreover, results indicated no significant relationship between physical activity and global self-esteem for both males and females. The researchers suggested that comparison studies relating to the levels of physical activity and global selfesteem is needed in different populations.
The impact of neighborhoods and friendships on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents: A report from the medical student CHANGES study

Abstract Objective To examine the experience of interracial anxiety among health professionals and how it may affect the quality of their interactions with patients from racially marginalized populations. We explored the influence of prior interracial exposure—specifically through childhood neighborhoods, college student bodies, and friend groups—on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents. We also examined whether levels of interracial anxiety change from medical school through residency. Data Source Web‐based longitudinal survey data from the Medical Student Cognitive Habits and Growth Evaluation Study. Study Design We used a retrospective longitudinal design with four observations for each trainee. The study population consisted of non‐Black US medical trainees surveyed in their 1st and 4th years of medical school and 2nd and 3rd years of residency. Mixed effects longitudinal models were used to assess predictors of interracial anxiety and assess changes in interracial anxiety scores over time. Principal Findings In total, 3155 non‐Black medical trainees were followed for 7 years. Seventy‐eight percent grew up in predominantly White neighborhoods. Living in predominantly White neighborhoods and having less racially diverse friends were associated with higher levels of interracial anxiety among medical trainees. Trainees' interracial anxiety scores did not substantially change over time; interracial anxiety was highest in the 1st year of medical school, lowest in the 4th year, and increased slightly during residency. Conclusions Neighborhood and friend group composition had independent effects on interracial anxiety, indicating that premedical racial socialization may affect medical trainees' preparedness to interact effectively with diverse patient populations. Additionally, the lack of substantial change in interracial anxiety throughout medical training suggests the importance of providing curricular tools and structure (e.g., instituting interracial cooperative learning activities) to foster the development of healthy interracial relationships.