Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Studies of the Leaf Structure of Chinese Pines

The comparative anatomy of the leaves of 23 species, 4 varieties and 4 forms of the genus Pinus has been investigated with special reference to their transverse sections and epidermal structures. Following a brief description of each species, a key to such is proposed. The stomata of these species can be classified into two types, each represented by P. koraiensis (Haploxylon) and P. tabulaeformis (Diploxylon) respectively. Based on the fact that the epidermal character is intimately correlated with the arrangement of the "connecting cells" in the stomata, it is reasonable to subdivide the genus Pinus into two subgenera. Likewise, the characteristics of the hypodermis, the position and number of the resin ducts, and the nature of endodermis are important criteria for the identification of these two subgenera. The systematic position of P. bungeana Zucc, P. yunnanensis Franch. var. tenuifolia Cheng et Y. W. Law, and P. kwangtungensis Chun has also been discussed.
Quiahua, the First Citizen Science Rainfall Monitoring Network in Mexico: Filling Critical Gaps in Rainfall Data for Evaluating a Payment for Hydrologic Services Program

Citizen science data can fundamentally advance the natural sciences, but concerns remain about its accuracy, reliability, and overall value. While some studies have evaluated accuracy of citizen science data, few have also assessed its potential contribution to conservation policy. This study focuses on rainfall data collection, with four goals: (1) to examine motivations of, and barriers for, volunteer participation in citizen science; (2) to evaluate accuracy of citizen science rainfall data in comparison to automatic rain gauge data; (3) to incorporate citizen science rainfall datasets into hydrological models; and (4) to apply the hydrologic model to gauge the contribution of citizen science data to the efficient design of payment for hydrological services (PHS) programs. Twelve citizen science volunteers were trained and collected rainfall data between June 2017 and February 2019 across two watersheds in Veracruz, Mexico. We found that these volunteers were highly motivated by conservation values and learning, while only a few volunteers faced barriers related to time availability for making daily measurements. The mean error in daily rainfall, computed by comparing the manual and automated gauge measurements, was less than 1 mm, or 12% of the average daily rainfall. Approximately one-third (29%) and two-thirds (71%) of the errors were attributed to missing data and misread data, respectively. Spatial patterns of rainfall distribution across the watersheds were similar between citizen science and automatic gauge data, revealing a large fraction of rainfall in middle elevations. Furthermore, the results show that if PHS areas are determined using the existing national rainfall network alone, without citizen science data, critical areas that contribute to dry-season flows would be missed. To our knowledge, this is the first citizen science network for collecting rainfall data in Mexico that has produced results that are relevant to conservation policy design.
Constructing Meaning in Learning Containing the Living Environment

This research aims to describe the teacher's explanation in constructing the meaning of learning containing the living environment in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive explanatory method. The research was conducted by observing and analyzing classroom learning discourse in elementary schools labeled Adiwiyata or school whose learning is related to the living environment education. The results of the study show that the teacher's explanation contains an explanation of the object, concepts, and procedures; the explanatory strategy used by the teacher is a knowledge-transforming with a reference to the social and cultural context of the society that consists of (1) religiosity (2) dependence between humans and the environment, (3) human values to preserve nature, (4) social and cultural ethics as basic human characteristics. Verbal or linguistic strategies show the teacher's awareness in using language with metaphors and expressions to motivate. Through a verbal strategy it is known that the teacher's explanation is done efferently and aesthetically. The teacher's explanation constructs the meaning of descriptive and procedural knowledge. Descriptive knowledge is knowledge that makes the learner knows or understands. Procedural knowledge makes the learner is able to. The role of teacher explanation is supported by the government's active role in environmental sustainability programs.
Parenting Styles and Behavioral Projavascript:void(0)blems among Early Adolescents at Qena Governorate

Introduction: Parenting plays an important role in the transition from adolescence to adulthood and socialization. Parenting behavior can restrict or reinforce optimal individuation amongst adolescents. Aim of the study: to assess the relationship between parenting style and behavioral problems in adolescents. Subjects and method: Correlational descriptive research design was used for this study. This study was conducted at four preparatory schools; 2 schools for urban areas and 2 for rural ones which were chosen randomly. A total sample is 363 adolescents. Two tools were used for this study: tool I youth self-report (YSR) to assess behavioral problems in adolescents and Parent Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) to assess Parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian). Results: there was a significant relation between authoritarian parenting style and both of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems enlisted in youth self-report. The most significant factor affecting abnormal behavioral problems among adolescents is authoritarian parenting style. Conclusion: Authoritarian parenting style with low responsiveness and high demanding in parenting behavior has shown to be directly related to increased children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Recommendations: Training programs for parents about the best style they should use with their children.
The Usefulness of Intrapartum Transperineal Ultrasonography for the Prediction of Mode of Delivery

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the accuracy of intrapartum transperineal ultrasonography that is non-invasive, easy to learn, rapid to perform, comfortable for pregnant women, and low-cost method to evaluate the progress of labor objectively.STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated two hundred-ten singleton pregnant women at term with cephalic presentation who went into active labor via intrapartum transperineal ultrasonography using the angle of progression and head-perineum distance. Maternal characteristics, conventional vaginal examination findings, mode of delivery, and neonatal results were noted. The data were compared using correlation and regression analysis.RESULTS: The relationships between the descent of clinical fetal head station, the increase of angle of progression (p=0.001), and the decrease of head-perineum distance (p=0.001) were statistically significant. The receiver operating characteristics curve showed that measurement of angle of progression with <110.5 degrees (p=0.001) and measurement of head-perineum distance with >52.5 millimeters (p=0.001) were associated with emergent cesarean delivery. For the prediction of delivery mode, both angle of progression and head-perineum distance had high sensitivity and specificity.CONCLUSIONS: Intrapartum transperineal ultrasonography parameters were in agreement with each other and conventional vaginal examination for determination of delivery mode. Head-perineum distance was a parity-dependent measurement whilst angle of progression was parity-independent.
Patients’ Satisfaction of Health Care System Reform Plan in Educational-Medical Centers of Rasht City in North of Iran, 2018

Introduction: One of the goals of the health system is to ensure that people are healthy. Reaching this goal is only possible through the provision of the proper services. The satisfaction of patients with the quality of health care services is used as a questionare to investigate the effectiveness of hospital services concerning consumption management and patient care quality. It assists managers and the decision-making network to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of hospitalized patients in educational and medical centers of Rasht City, Iran with the “Health Care System Reform Plan” in 2019. Materials and Methods: The present study is an analytical cross-sectional study. A total of 395 patients hospitalized in educational and medical centers of Rasht City were selected based on the stratified random sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The study data were collected by a questionnaire examining patients' satisfaction with the “Health Care System Reform Plan” developed by the Treatment Deputy of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The questionnaire has 37 questions in 5 areas of patient’s satisfaction with hoteling, hospital bills reduction program, resident physician program, notification program, the program for the promotion of normal childbirth. Data analysis performed using descriptive statistics indicators and Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and logistic regression model. Results: The results showed the mean±SD of samples' age was 43.51±18 years. The majority (23.8%) of the samples were less than 30 years old. Moreover, there was a significant difference between satisfaction score of the Plan (P = 0.009) in terms of gender, hospital bills (P = 0.001), resident physicians (P = 0.009), and notification program (P = 0.032). Also, men had a higher overall score than women. The findings of this study showed that the mean ± SD satisfaction was equal to 82.8 9.1 with a minimum score of 39.71. In the logistics model, only two variables of the hospital (P = 0.017) and job (P = 0.001) were considered as the most important factors related to the overall satisfaction with the “Health Care System Reform Plan. ” Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, patients' satisfaction with the implementation of the “Health Care System Reform Plan” was at the acceptable level and various factors have contributed to this level of satisfaction.
GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING TOTAL MILK YIELD, LACTATION PERIOD AND CALVING INTERVAL OF CROSSBRED FRIESIAN COWS RAISED ON NILE DELTA

The main objective of the study is to estimate the various genetic parameters to determine the status of the productive herd, as well as the effect of non-genetic factors such as (parity, season and year of calving also interactions between these factors) for total milk yield (TMY kg), lactation period(LP, days) as milk production traits and calving interval (CI, days) as reproductive traits of Crossbred Friesian (local & Friesian) at generation F8, cows raised on Nile Delta in Gamaza herd, Egypt. A total number of 1308 lactation records of 402 cows (daughters of 279 dams and 73 sires). The analysis was performed using SAS (2003). The model included the random effects of genetic factors (sire effect) and fixed effects (parity, season and year of calving). In addition the animal model MTDFREML was used to estimate heritability (h2) and breeding value (BV). Actual means of TMY, LP and CI were 1918 kg; 231 day and 440 day respectively. (h2) estimated of productive trait (TMY, LP) were high h2 0.44±0.002 and 0.46±0.01 while CI was low h2 (0.01±0.005). The correlation coefficients between TMY and LP were positive with 0.28 for the genetic correlation between the two traits while the phenotypic correlation was 0.79, which means that the genetic improvement of one of the two traits could be improved by the genetic improvement of other trait. The range of (BV) for cows was high for most of studied traits. The ranges of breeding values of cows for TMY, LP and CI were 2075.1kg, 307.2 day and 232.8 day, respectively. The genetic trend of all studied traits was the lowest for the genetic trend in 2003 and 2015 years while the highest values of the genetic trend of all traits in 2017. In conclusion, the difficulty of genetic improvement of CI by selection due to the low heritability of this trait can be improved by increasing improving environmental conditions and good care together. Higher ranges of BV for cows for most of studied traits indicate higher genetic variation and higher opportunity for selection of top cows in breeding value, which would result in rapid genetic progress in the future generations. The study recommends that this can be confirmed by molecular genetics to detect the location of quantitative traits that affect milk production and selection of the cows carrying these genes.
THE USE OF ICT IN LEARNING PROCESS BY VOCATIONAL TEACHERS OF ENGLISH

In the era of modernization, people are very dependent on technology, Information Communication Technology (ICT) in education itself has important role in teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kind of ICT used by the teachers, the utilization of ICT in learning process, the problems and solutions in teaching by using ICT, and the role of schools in assisting teachers to overcome the problems at vocational high schools in Sekayu. This study applied descriptive qualitative research design. The data were collected by using questionnaire, interview, observation, and document review. The participants of this study were the teachers of English, the vice-principal of facility and infrastructure, and the students. The findings of this study showed that the teachers of English at vocational high schools in Sekayu used hardware such as projector, laptop, speaker, headset, and smartphone, while software such as internet, dictionary application, e-book, Microsoft office, and browsing application. The teachers used discovery learning to utilize ICT in the syntax of the learning model. The main problem faced by the teacher was the unavailability of students� personal ICT devices. The school also had the role to assist teachers in overcoming the problems. The conclusion was the teachers had applied ICT in the learning process however they did not fully apply ICT in each syntax of the learning model used.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: SIMULATED DOSING ERROR IDENTIFICATION BY PHARMACY STUDENTS

Pharmacists are responsible for dispensing drugs and protecting the patient by making sure that they use drugs appropriately. They play an important role not only in the overall cost implications of healthcare but also in the concerns about patient safety when using medication. The scope of this paper was to evaluate the practice of navigation of medical resources among pharmacy students through a simulated event of acute kidney injury using a prospective research methodology. A sample of 65 students was used, among which 2 failed to identify the error in dosing (3.1%) while 56 (86.2%) responded with the presence of error in renal dosing and recommended correctly. Only 7 (10.8%) of the study population had an incomplete recommendation. Even though a greater percentage of the student populations were able to identify dosing errors, there were a few that were unable to identify the errors. Even though this percentage is small, it is much significant when placed in various healthcare institutions and is likely to have a significant impact on patient safety.
Effect of feeding bypass fat on intake, production performance and economics of lactating crossbred cows: A field trial

A field trail was conducted at farmer’s dairy farm belonging to Purnea district of Bihar with an objective to see the effect of supplementation of bypass fat in the ration of lactating crossbred cow on economics of dairy farming. The thirty crossbred lactating cows were randomly divided into three equal groups having ten in each in such a way that the parity and average milk yield of cows of three treatment groups were almost similar. Group-I (Farmer’s practice) was fed with a basal diet without any supplement of bypass fat, groups-II and group-III were fed with basal diet supplemented with bypass fat @100g/day/animal and 150g/day/animal, respectively for 60 days. The representative samples of feed offered was subjected to dry matter determination to find out daily dry matter intake of the cows. Milk yield from individual cow was recorded daily during milking i.e. morning and evening for 60 days regularly. Milk samples were analysed daily for milk composition in lactoscan milk analyser. Analysis of variance had significance influence on almost all the economic traits under study. There was a progressive increase in all the economic traits with the increase of level of bypass fat in the diet of lactating cows. The average milk yield and 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) 11.90±0.28 and 11.35±0.21, 12.60±0.43 and 13.09±0.44 and 13.20±0.42 and 14.05±0.45 Kg/cow/day were recorded in group I, II and III, respectively. The total return/cow/day from sale of milk was found to be Rs. 340.53±6.23, 392.63±13.07 and 421.45±13.52 in group I, II and III, respectively. The corresponding net return/cow/day was Rs. 159.71±3.63, 192.75±12.09 and 212.10±16.07, respectively.
EFFECT OF GUANIDINO ACETIC ACID WITH OR WITHOUT AMINO ACIDS AND FEED ENZYME ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN BROILERS FED A CORN/SOY- BASED DIETS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding Guanidino acetic acidmixture (GAA), Amino Acids (A.A.; Meth. + Lys. + Thr. + Arg.) or both (GAA + A.A.) and b-mannanase (Hemicell HT) to a typical corn soybean meal diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and economical efficiency of broiler chicks. A total number of 225 day old Hubbard broiler chicks were classified into 5 equal groups, each was subdivided into 3 replicates with 15 chicks. The control group was fed basal (starter, grower and finisher) diets without supplementation, while the other groups (T1), (T2), (T3) and (T4) were fed the basal diets supplemented with 600mg G.A.A/kg. ; 1450 mg A.A. kg. diet or both (600mg GAA + 1450 mg A.A.) and300mg b-mannanase/kg diet, respectively. Diets and water were provided I. throughout the experimental period (1-35) days of age. The results indicated that: Live body weight, daily weight gain and daily feed intake for the broiler chicks fed basal diets supplemented with GAA + A.A. , (T3) or b-mannanase, (T4)reflected the highest significant results than those fed control basal diets at 1-35 days of age. Chicks fed T1, T2 and T3 diets had significant better FCR compared with those fed control or T4 diets. The best protein (PCR), energy (ECR) conversion ratio and the highest performance index (PI) and production efficiency factor (PEF) were recorded for the group supplied with GAA + A.A. , (T3) compared with other dietary treatments. The group of chicks fed AA mixture recorded significantly higher percentages of dressing and ready to look comparing to control group. While, the same group (T2) showed lower value of giblets % as comparing to unsupplemented treatment. Economical evaluation, the chicks fed basal diets supplemented with different feed additives (T1-4) supported the calculated economic efficiency percentages compared to control group and the corresponding increasing values were 15.73, 1.35, 35.89 and 14.14% respectively.
Preschool teacher’s awareness, attitudes and challenges towards inclusive early childhood education: A qualitative study

Abstract Education in early childhood is considered fundamental. Many developing countries reported having a low level of inclusion rate, and this level is even smaller when it comes to children with special needs. Moreover, the philosophy of inclusion and best practices for ensuring the success of inclusive education are not fully understood by preschool teachers. This study aimed at exploring how preschool teachers understand inclusive education in a system that is undergoing transition and faces significant challenges overall. It also tends to describe not only what they know but also how they feel and believe about the process of including children in the quality educational system, same for all. Another issue was also to find out what are the challenges teachers face and how do they see the future of inclusive education in early childhood. Ten experienced preschool teachers from different places of Kosovo were interviewed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. The results indicate that teachers have a common understanding of inclusion, but they lack proper skills and knowledge on adequate teaching methods to work with children with special needs. However, they see inclusion to be an essential process and an excellent opportunity for all children. They recommend investments and collaboration between all the involved partners as a key to overcoming present obstacles.
CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GERANYLGERANYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE GENE IN TAXUS WALLICIANA

RT-PCR was performed to clone the functional gene encoding GGPPS (geranylgeranyl diphosohate synthase) from Tibet specific yew ( Taxus wallichiana) , which is designated as TwGGPPS (GenBank Accession number; DQ 364604). TwGGPPS is 1183 bp in length encoding a 393-amino acid polypeptide. There exists an 18-amino acid plastidial transit peptide in the N-terminus and is followed by the catalytic region. In the catalytic region of TwGGPPS, two Asp-rich motifs are found that are considered as the active sites for mediate binding and C-chain extension. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the plant GGPPSs had two groups: one is angiosperm GGPPS and the other is gymnosperm GGPPS and that TwGGPPS belongs to the group of the latter. When the homology-based modeling was applied to construct the 3-D structure of TwGGPPS, it was found that TwGGPPS" is composed of numerousα-heiixes connected with random coils. The helixes are circled to form a cave in which the Asp-rich motifs are localized. The genomic DNA sequence of TwGGPPS was isolated and proved to be the same as that from cDNA, thus suggesting that TwGGPPS is an intron-free gene.
Prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in HIV/AIDS persons and correlation with CD4 count, HAART drug and duration of illness

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by decrease in CD4 cell count and immunodeficiency, leading to opportunistic infections (OIs) and tumors. Objective of this study was to find out any association between thyroid function abnormality and CD4 count, duration of disease and ART drugs. Methods: Among 300 HIV/AIDS Persons attending ART centre, M.Y. Hospital, or attending general OPD, or admitted as in patients Dept. of Medicine, MGM Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore, India. Results: Amongst 300 HIV patients,62 (20.66%) had thyroid dysfunction, most common being subclinical hypothyroidism (24/300, 8.0%) followed by sick euthyroid (17/300, 5.6%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (13/300, 4.3%). Overt hypothyroidism was present in 5 of 300 (1.66%) patients and overt hyperthyroidism was present in 3 of 300 (1.0%) patients. 25 of 152 (16.44%) and 37 of 148 (25%) male and female HIV patients had thyroid function abnormality. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more observed in old HIV patients (42/150, 28.0%) than in newly diagnosed HIV patient’s group (20/150, 13.33%). Conclusions: This prevalence being fairly high, it can be suggested that all retro positive patients, recently diagnosed and on treatment also may be subjected for routine thyroid function testing.