Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cattle rabies: the effect of clinical evolution, viral genetic lineage, and viral load on the severity of histological lesions

ABSTRACT: Our objective was the characterization and staging of histological lesions in different anatomical sites of the central nervous system (CNS) of rabid cattle. The severity of the lesions was compared with the clinical stages of the disease, the variants of viral isolates, and with the load of virus. Thirty-one spontaneously affected rabid cattle the state of Santa Catarina underwent clinical follow-up and were eventually necropsied. CNS tissues were sampled and submitted to direct fluorescent antibody technique (DFAT), immunohistochemistry (IHC), routine histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and polymerase chain reaction in quantitative reverse transcriptase in real time (qRT-PCR). Affected cattle were allotted in four groups according to their clinical stage when euthanized: G1, euthanized while standing; G2, euthanized when in sternal recumbence; G3, euthanized when in lateral recumbence; and G4, affected cattle with natural death. In order to evaluate the degree of severity of the lesions and the presence of Negri bodies (NBs), the brain was sectioned at 9 sites. Additionally, spinal cord and trigeminal ganglion sections were examined. The intensity of the lesions was graded as either absent, mild, moderate, or marked, and the presence or absence of the NBs was noted. Histological lesions were characterized by lymphocytic and monocytic meningoencephalitis with NBs in 28 cases. In all analyzed groups, intensities of histological lesions ranging from mild to severe were observed. Brain regions with the highest inflammatory lesion intensity were the medulla at the level of obex, followed by the colliculus and thalamus. NBs were observed in a higher percentage in the cerebellum, followed by medulla at the obex level, striatum complex, and frontal telencephalon. The duration of the clinical course of the disease did not influence the intensity of the inflammatory lesion, but it did influence the presence of NBs, with a higher percentage of these inclusions in cattle that died naturally than in euthanized cattle. All isolated rhabdovirus included in this study were genetically compatible with samples from hematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus. The evaluation by qRT-PCR did not demonstrate a correlation between lesion intensity and the amount of virus.
Rice plant pattern as predictor of the milling and cooking quality in breeding programs

An appropriate characterization of agronomic and quality traits is a fundamental tool for selecting stable genotypes suitable to be registered as new varieties. The objective of this work was to evaluate agronomic and quality traits of rice germplasm tested in two consecutive years for 23 advanced lines of Portuguese Rice Breeding Program and 3 commercial varieties. The influence of genotype, year and their interaction on grain yield and milling yield, grain uniformity and selected quality indicators for rice was assessed as well as the correlations between the agronomic, biometric and quality parameters. Results showed a generally dominant influence of the genotype, but with some quality parameters significantly affected by year conditions, and with some genotypes more stable than others. Some accessions have also shown better grain biometric uniformity within a year and between years. Significant correlations between quality and agronomic parameters that were observed may mark a plant pattern that can be used as predictor of the milling yield. These analyses provide objective tools for selecting most promising genotypes in rice breeding programs.
The structure of Macrophage Expressed Gene-1, a phagolysosome immune effector that is activated upon acidification

Macrophage Expressed Gene-1 (MPEG-1; also termed Perforin-2) is an endosomal / phagolysosomal perforin-like protein that is conserved across the metazoan kingdom and that functions within the phagolysosome to damage engulfed microbes. Like the Membrane Attack Complex and perforin, MPEG-1 has been postulated to form pores in target membranes, however, its mode of action remains to be established. We used single particle cryo-Electron Microscopy to determine the 2.4 Å structure of a hexadecameric assembly of MPEG-1 that displays the expected features of a soluble pre-pore complex. We further discovered that the MPEG-1 pre-pore-like assemblies can be induced to perforate membranes through mild acidification, such as would occur within maturing phagolysosomes. We next solved the 3.6 Å cryo-EM structure of MPEG-1 in complex with liposomes. Remarkably these data revealed that a C-terminal Multi-vesicular body of 12 kDa (MVB12)-associated β-prism (MABP) domain interacts with target membranes in a mode that positions the pore forming machinery of MPEG-1 to point away from the bound membrane. This unexpected mechanism of membrane interaction raises the intriguing possibility that MPEG-1 may be able to remain bound to the phagolysosome membrane while simultaneously forming pores in engulfed bacterial targets.
The Endurance CO2 storage site, Blocks 42/25 and 43/21, UK North Sea

Abstract The Endurance, four-way, dip-closed structure in UK Blocks 42/25 and 43/21 occurs over a salt swell diapir and within Triassic and younger strata. The Lower Triassic Bunter Sandstone Formation reservoir within the structure was tested twice for natural gas (in 1970 and 1990) but both wells were dry. The reservoir is both thick and high quality and, as such, an excellent candidate site for subsurface CO2 storage. In 2013 a consortium led by National Grid Carbon drilled an appraisal well on the structure and undertook an injection test ahead of a planned development of Endurance as the first bespoke storage site on the UK Continental Shelf with an expected injection rate of 2.68 × 106 t of dense phase CO2 each year for 20 years. The site was not developed following the UK Government's removal of financial support for carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstration projects, but it is hoped with the recent March 2020 Budget that government support for CCS may now be back on track.
The Pilot, Elke, Blakeney, Narwhal, Harbour and Feugh fields, Blocks 21/27, 21/28, 28/2 and 28/3, UK North Sea

Abstract The, as yet undeveloped, heavy-oil fields of the Western Platform contain about 500 MMbbl of oil in place. The fields are reservoired in highly porous and permeable, Middle Eocene, deep-water sandstones of the Tay Sandstone Member, deposited as turbidite flows from a shelf immediately to the west. Oil gravity varies from 19° API in the Harbour Field to 12° API in the northern end of the Pilot Field. The reservoirs are shallow: Pilot and Harbour are at about 2700 ft TVDSS, with the Narwhal, Elke, Blakeney and Feugh discoveries being deeper at about 3300 ft TVDSS. Overall, oil viscosity decreases and API oil gravity increases with depth. To date, the high oil viscosity has precluded development of these discoveries, and many previous operators have considered various development schemes, all based on water flood. The development of the Pilot Field is being planned using either a hot-water-flood, steam-flood or polymer-flood approach, which all have the potential of achieving a very high recovery factor of 35–55%. Steam has been evaluated in most detail and about 240 MMbbl could be recovered should all of these discoveries be steam flooded.
The lipid profile of rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) induced by high fat ration after exposed to ethanolic neem (Azadirazchta indica) leaf extract

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of neem leaf ethanol extract as an herbal antihyperlipidemia agent on white rats induced by high fat ration. The white rat used was male Wistar strain with 2 months of age and average body weight of approximately 200 grams. The rats were divided into 6 groups of 4, namely: Negative control (P0) was given commercial ration, positive control (P1) was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / g BW, P2 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 8 mg / g BW simvastatin in 1 ml of distilled water, P3 was given high-fat ration and duck egg yolk orally 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 75 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water, P4 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 100 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water, and P5 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 125 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water. The variables observed were total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG levels. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with 95% confidence level using SPSS 10.0 software. The results showed that administration of the ethanol extract of neem leaf (A. indica) can raise levels of HDL, lowering levels of LDL cholesterol and TG in blood serum of white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.).
Psychological Counselor Candidates’ Attitudes towards Gender Roles: The Predictive Role of Multicultural Personality Trait

This study aims to investigate multicultural personality traits and attitudes towards gender roles of psychological counselor candidates (PCC). A total of 234 (156 female, 67%) PCCs completed measures of Gender Roles Attitude Scale, Multicultural Personality Scale and the Personal Information. Correlation analysis, variance analysis, independent samples t-test, regression analysis and mediation analysis were performed for data analyzing. This study showed that while attitudes towards gender roles of PCCs have a significantdifference in terms of gender, mother working status and place where most of life is passed, no significant difference was observed according to the grade level. Furthermore, multicultural personality traits were related to attitudes toward the gender roles. In addition, gender, cultural empathy, flexibility and social initiative multicultural personality traits explained about 31% of the variance in the attitudes towards gender roles of PCCs. Lastly, cultural empathy and flexibility had a partially mediating effect on the predictive role of gender.
Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera and Leucas aspera flower extract against fish pathogens

Today, more attention is focused on the use of medicinal herbal extracts to improve yield in aquaculture as alternatives to chemical agents. The present study evaluates the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of floral extracts of Leucas aspera and Moringa oleifera against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the most common fish pathogens. The presence of bioactive compounds was confirmed using GC-MS/MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH assay. The IC50 value for free radical scavenging by Moringa oleifera flower extract and Leucas aspera flower in Oreochromis niloticus were 36 μg/ml and 73.89 μg/ml respectively. In in-vitro antibacterial analysis, both the extract at 10 mg/ml concentration showed activity against fish pathogen namely, A. hydrophila and V. parahaemolyticus. The M. oleifera flower extract showed maximum zone of inhibition (25mm, 40mm) and the L. aspera flower extract (21mm, 35mm). Plant extract based formulated fish feed could, therefore, be used in aquaculture, as a potent substitute against antibiotics for disease management.
Exploring the Impact of Demographic Variables Gender, Parental Education and Locality on Science Achievement at 8th and 9th Grades.

Quality of science education is under the consideration of educationists and researchers. Achievement in science subjects, which is one of the indicators of quality of science education, determines not only the students’ performance but it also helps the teachers to evaluate their teaching strategies. This study is an effort to explore the factors related to science achievement in Pakistani perspective. In this survey, science achievement scores of the students of 8 grade decide their entrance in science subjects at 9grade. Sample of 1149 students of 8th and 9th grade students of high and elementary government schools were taken randomly for data collection. Major results were that parental qualification and maternal job status effect significantly students’ science achievement. Female students were significantly higher than male students, and 8grade students were significantly higher than 9 grade students in their science achievement scores. It is recommended that teachers of secondary schools and rural schools during parent teacher meeting may motivate the parents to supervise their children during studies at home and they themselves study books at home.
Characterising smart initiatives' planning in Smart Cities: an empirical analysis in Spanish Smart Cities

City governments around the world are turning cities into smart ecosystems, undertaking a great bulk of smart initiatives in different domains with the aim at improving efficiency in public services and making city governments more transparent and accountable. Some smart projects implemented in different domains are considered as isolated islands not included in a strategic planning of the city. By contrast, other cities have felt an urgent need for undertaking integrated smart projects into a holistic strategic planning in order to avoid fragmentation. This this paper aims to investigate the smart city phenomenon and its current strategic planning practices on smart projects. In order to do so, the study reported in this paper places smart city strategies and planning approaches of smart projects in a number of the Spanish smart cities under the microscope. Findings show that demographic and political attributes can be attributes that influences on the design of patterns in strategic planning of smart projects.
The Corporate Compliance Function - Effects on Equity and Credit Risk

Does corporate compliance help to reduce firm risk? We explore this question by examining the reported compliance activities of 150 publicly listed German firms over the years 2014 to 2018. We build a summary score that accounts for 24 clearly identifiable compliance elements and find that stronger reported compliance - measured via a higher score - reduces downside equity risk but increases short-term credit risk. This indicates that the tradeoff between lower extreme losses but higher day-to-day expenses from stronger compliance systems benefits equity investors at the expense of short-term debt investors. Based on a factor analysis, we furthermore observe that the equity-risk reducing effect is mainly driven by internally-oriented compliance components, whereas the credit-risk increasing effect appears to be driven by externally-oriented compliance elements. The equity-risk reducing effect of compliance is moreover shown to strengthen over time, reaching a plateau in 2017, the year in which non-financial reporting became compulsory for German corporations. Both firms and capital market participants hence seem to have become increasingly sensitive to corporate compliance reporting in the run-up to the respective legislation.
Substantial impacts of subsistence fishing on the population status of an Endangered reef predator at a remote coral atoll

: Napoleon wrasse Cheilinus undulatus has declined drastically throughout most of its range, owing, in large part, to overexploitation. In Anaa, French Polynesia, the species is harvested as part of the subsistence catch by fishers using rockpile traps, spearguns, handmade har-poons, and baited handlines. We sampled 70 Napoleon wrasse captured by artisanal fishers of Anaa between 2015 and 2018 to assess the status of this population, and we applied data-poor fisheries models to assess the stock status of this iconic reef predator. The species was determined to be overexploited at a rate of 0.82 based on values of natural (0.14; Hoenig method) and fishing (0.58; difference of total and natural mortality) mortality as components of total mortality (0.72; Beverton-Holt estimation). The left-skewed length distribution (mean = 36 ± 13 cm SL) suggested an under-representation of large adults in the population, which would predominantly be terminal males in this sequentially hermaphroditic protogynous fish. This was not considered to be reflective of poor selectivity by gear types but could have arisen as a consequence of unequal accessi-bility of exceptionally deep habitats off the reef shelf. According to the length-based spawning potential ratio, Napoleon wrasse is fully recruited to this fishery prior to 50% maturation and 50% sex changing, with the spawning potential ratio estimated to be 6%, a characteristic of a highly overexploited species. Fishers were unselective towards size classes and harvest whatever they catch. Our analysis shows that even undirected, non-selective subsistence fishing yields over exploitation of this Endangered species.
Arterial Endothelium-Specific Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 Expression Suggests Its Role in Arterialization and Vascular Remodeling

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder characterized by epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectases, and arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Two genes are linked to HHT: endoglin (ENG) in HHT1 and activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1; ALK1) in HHT2. Although both genes are involved in the transforming growth factor β signaling pathways, the pathogenetic mechanisms for HHT remain elusive. It was shown that mutations in the Alk1 gene in mice and zebrafish resulted in an embryonic lethal phenotype due to severe dilation of blood vessels. We created a novel null mutant mouse line for Alk1 (Alk1lacZ) by replacing its exons, including the one that encodes the transmembrane domain, with the β-galactosidase gene. Using Alk1lacZ mice, we show that Alk1 is predominantly expressed in developing arterial endothelium. Alk1 expression is greatly diminished in adult arteries, but is induced in preexisting feeding arteries and newly forming arterial vessels during wound healin.
The role of lens extraction in glaucoma management

Cataract extraction has become a much safer procedure with the development of phacoemulsification, extending its application in ocular conditions such as glaucoma for better disease control. This review aims at summarizing the effect of lens extraction with or without combined glaucoma surgeries in different types of glaucoma and describing the intraoperative techniques and changes of glaucoma care postoperatively. A comprehensive literature search was performed through Medline and PubMed, and 67 studies were selected for this review. In primary angle closure (PAC) diseases, studies have revealed significant intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication requirement reduction after lens extraction. Fewer studies described its application in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT), but literature available suggests that it can also lead to better disease control. Likewise, lower postoperative IOP and pressure fluctuations have been shown in normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Advanced glaucoma, shallow anterior chamber and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) are three difficult scenarios that are commonly encountered in cataract operations. Special techniques in preventing complications such as wipe out phenomenon are depicted. Goniosynechialysis, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and trabecular microbypass stents are a few of the popular choices of glaucoma procedures that can be performed concomitantly with phacoemulsification but evidence of their efficacy needs to be further verified. Cataract operation can improve visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer examination parameters and it is advised to set new baselines after the surgery for subsequent progression monitoring. Clearance of an optically significant cataract results in better quality of life, and with detailed and thorough explanation of the indications, expectations and risks of the surgery, cataract extraction could be considered even in cases of advanced glaucoma.
EFFECT OF FUNGICIDE SPRAY SCHEDULE ON STEM RUST (Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici) DEVELOPMENT AND STEM RUST EFFECT ON QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum turgidum) YIELD IN ETHIOPIA

Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici is one of the major biotic constraints of wheat production. The disease may cause substantial quantitative and qualitative yield losses but much of the work in Ethiopia on this pathosystem focuses on quantitative yield loss and qualitative losses are often overlooked. Hence the current research was designed with the objectives to evaluate the effect of fungicide spray schedule and wheat variety on stem rust development, quantity and quality of durum wheat yield, determine the right fungicide application schedule to control stem rust of durum wheat and investigate variety by application schedule interaction. For this purpose, a factorial field experiment involving six durum wheat varieties (Denbi, Hitosa, Tob.66, Mukiye, Ude and Mengudo) with different level of resistance to stem rust, and three Tilt spray schedules of Tilt®250 E.C at 7, 14 and 21 days interval was conducted at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre during the main and off seasons of 2016/17. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and untreated checks were included for comparison purpose. Results revealed significant variations in disease parameters and crop performance among spray schedules, wheat varieties and their interactions. Stem rust severity was significantly reduced by the application of Tilt across all wheat varieties, and the highest decrease in disease level (8.9 and 15.2%) was achieved by Tilt sprays at seventh day interval during off and main seasons, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed negative relationship between stem rust and durum wheat grain yield and quality parameters, which was highly significant in most cases. However, there was significantly positive correlation (r = 0.31**) between stem rust and grain protein content. Current results demonstrate the need for effective and sustainable stem rust management to improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of durum wheat in Ethiopia.
Quantum Entanglement in Fenna—Matthews—Olson Photosynthetic Light—Harvesting complexes: A Short Review of Analysis Methods

The Fenna-Matthews-Olson light-harvesting complexes have become a center of attention due to their high excitation energy transfer efficiency, which may surpass 98%. Experimental results reveal the presence of quantum entanglement in the protein structure, which seems to be associated to such a remarkably high efficiency. Notably, Redfield and Lindblad master equations have been already used to model the chromophore excitation in the protein complex as well as its interactions with the environment. The entanglement arising during the process has been quantified through several measures. This work provides a short review of methods used to model the above described system. It is also discussed the introduction of two nonconventional measures addresed to quantify the emergent entanglement.