Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Amendments on Okra Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics

To evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments on okra, field experimental trials were conducted during summer seasons of year 2016 and 2017 at Vegetable Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand with fourteen treatment combinations of nitrogen through organic (FYM and Vermicompost) and inorganic sources (Urea and Neem coated urea) along with one control treatment. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications and the observations on various growth, yield, quality and economic parameters were recorded. Among all other treatments, treatment T4 (RDN- 100% through neem coated urea) proved to be economically best as per benefit: cost ratio, while treatments T10 (RDN- 100% through NCU + 2.5 t/ha Vermicompost) and T6 (RDN- 75% through neem coated urea + 25% through Vermicompost) were found best with regards to increase in productivity of okra with optimum net returns, hence recommended for the present agro-climatic conditions.
A Multiscale Overview of the El Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell of 31 May 2013

AbstractOn 31 May 2013 a broad, intense, cyclonic tornado and a narrower, weaker companion anticyclonic tornado formed in a supercell in central Oklahoma. This paper discusses the synoptic- and mesoscale environment in which the parent storm formed, based on data from the operational network of surface stations, rawinsondes, and WSR-88D radars, and from the Oklahoma Mesonet, a Doppler radar wind profiler, Rapid Refresh (RAP) analyses, and photographs. It also documents the overall behavior of the tornadoes and their relationships to features in their parent supercell based on data from a nearby, rapid-scan, polarimetric, mobile Doppler radar. The supercell formed near the intersection of a cold front and a dryline in an environment of moderately strong vertical shear and high CAPE, at the southern end of a line of multicell convective storms. The tornado damage path was as wide as 4.2 km according to the NWS damage assessment and ground-relative Doppler velocities of at least 135 m s−1 were found at the t.
A Consistent Model Specification Test for Nonparametric Estimation of Regression Function Models

This paper proposes a general framework for specification testing of the regression function in a nonparametric smoothing estimation context. The same analysis can be applied to cases as varied as testing for omission of variables, testing certain nonlinear restrictions in the regressors, and testing the correct specification of some parametric or semiparametric model of interest, for example, testing a certain type of nonlinearity of the regression function. Furthermore, the test can be applied to i.i. d. and time-series data, and some or all of the regressors are allowed to be discrete. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the performance of the test in small and medium samples.
Effects of occupational exposures on respiratory health in steel factory workers

Background The steel factory work environment contains various chemical exposures that can affect indoor air quality and have impact on respiratory health of the workers. Aims The objective of this study was to assess potential effects of occupational exposures in steel factory workers in Iran on the respiratory symptoms, occurrence and the lung function levels. Method This was a cross-sectional study of 133 men working in a steel factory forming the exposed group and 133 male office workers forming the reference group from a steel company in Iran. The participants filled in a questionnaire and underwent spirometry. Work history was used both as dichotomous (exposed/reference) and a quantitative measure of exposure, the latter measured as duration of exposure in the specified work (in years) for the exposed group and zero for the reference group. Results Multiple linear regression and Poisson regression were used to adjust for confounding. In Poisson regression analyses, an increased prevalence ratio (PR) of all respiratory symptoms was observed in the exposed group. Lung function parameters were significantly reduced in the exposed group (p < 0.001). There was a dose–response relation between duration of occupational exposures and reduction in the predicted value of FEV1/FVC level (0.177, 95% CI −0.198 to −0.156) in all models. Conclusion The results of these analyses showed that occupational exposures in steel factory work increase the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and reduce lung function. Safety training and workplace conditions were found to need improvement. In addition, use of proper personal protective equipment is recommended.
Research on lake water level and its response to watershed climate change in Qinghai Lake from 1961 to 2019

Lake water level reflects the dynamic balance of water input and output/loss and is a sensitive indicator of climate change and variation. Studying the relationship between the closed Qinghai Lake water level and watershed climate change is important for understanding regional climate change and its impacts on the lake. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in Qinghai Lake water level/area and environmental factors during 1961–2019, using ground-based measurements data, hydrological balance model and statistical methods. The results revealed two primary phases: during the first phrase (1961–2004), the lake water level lowered by 0.80 m/ decade (p < 0.01), while in the second phase (2004–2019), it rose markedly by 1.80 m/decade (p < 0.01). The lake area increased in April and September between 1990 and 2019, but since 2004 the increases have been more significant. Air temperature near the lake during 1961–2019 warmed by 0.39°C/decade and precipitation increased by 17 mm/decade. Annual river runoff increased at 14.3 mm/decade from 1961 to 2019, however, runoff decreased (−6.8 mm/decade) during the first phase from 1961 to 2004 and increased significantly (84.7 mm/decade) during the second phase from 2004 to 2019. The increases in precipitation and river runoff were the predominant factors contributing to lake water level rises and area expansion, while a decreasing lake water level and area reduction corresponded to reduced precipitation and river runoff and increased evaporation. As a sensitive indicator of regional climate change, the fluctuations of lake water level and surface area provide a comprehensive reflection of climate change in the Qinghai Lake watershed.
The look-up table for deriving the Fourier transforms of cosine-pulses

This paper presents a new and easy method of obtaining the Fourier transforms of the nth order cosine-pulses which have uniform amplitudes. This new method focuses on deriving formulas which are recursively related to their orders, and thus making it also applicable to numerical solutions. Concerning the procedures needed to obtain the analytical solutions, this new method proves to be simpler than conventional methods, because the results consist of a sum of two functions which can be easily calculated recursively. It must be noted that the formula can be represented as a complete recursion by separating the coefficients in the manner originated by the authors. The resulting equation is the sum of the original "sinc" functions shifted by some symmetrical factors and then multiplied by several constants. The constants are easily determined by the binomial coefficients and the shifting factors from the corresponding exponential differences in the expansion of (a+b)/sup n/. Furthermore, a lookup table is obtained, making it possible to get all the coefficients and factors needed for the Fourier transform of the cosine-pulses of any order. >
Particle and field stress balance within a planetary magnetosphere

A technique is developed for experimentally estimating the local tensor stresses within a planetary magnetic field configuration characterized by local spacecraft measurements. Key to the technique is the determination of the shapes of field lines using the symmetry properties of the system coupled with local and instantaneous measurements of the field line inclination angles. The technique is applied here to the inner and middle Saturnian magnetosphere (r ∼ 7 to 16 Rs) using data returned by the MAG (Magnetic Field) Experiment on the Voyager 1 spacecraft. We conclude that the ring current, first characterized by Connerney et al. (1983), has substantial radial structure, heretofore not shown. Outside ∼13 Rs the newly derived field stresses match remarkably well the functional variation of the centrifugal corotation stresses of the cool particle population measured previously by the Plasma Science Experiment. Inside ∼13 Rs the key structure in the derived field stresses, a prominent local maximum, matches the approximate position of an apparent strong pressure gradient in the energetic particles (>30 keV) characterized by the Low-Energy Charged Particle detectors. These correspondences between the field and particle stresses support the validity of the new technique, and it is suggested that the technique will be useful for other magnetospheric environments.
Numerical analysis of a natural and excited two-dimensional mixing layer

Physical properties of a two-dimensional plane mixing layer are examined by numerical solution of the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations using a pressure velocity formulation. The natural (unforced) mixing layer due to the merging of two streams with a velocity ratio (r = 0.33) is studied at Reynolds numbers /? e = 200, 500, and 1000. Different transition zones are detected: stable, linear, and nonlinear. The roll-up process appears in the nonlinear zone. The main flow features are in agreement with the experimental evidence. The excited mixing layer at the first subharmonic and at the incommensurate frequency are investigated to analyze the coalescence mechanism and the nonlinear interaction. HE merging of two streams initially separated by a thin surface plays an important role in numerous applications such as aerodynamics and combustors. Experiments reported by a number of authors have shown that orderly structures are extant in the turbulent mixing layer. Visualization studies reported by Brown and Roshko1 confirm that large-scale coherent structures are indeed intrinsic features of the turbulent mixing layer at high Reynolds numbers. Furthermore, sequential mergings of the vortices constitute the primary mechanism for the spreading of the mixing layer in the downstream direction, as pointed out by the experiments of Winant and Browand.2 These observations have had a major impact on the understanding of turbulence in free shear flows. The large-scale vortices are observed not only in the early laminar stages of the flow, but also farther downstream in the turbulent region, where they coexist with a fine-scale motion. Hence, two issues need to be examined: the evolution of the large eddies identified in the viscous laminar flow and the link between these eddies and the coherent structures observed in the turbulent flow. The mechanisms of transition and coherent structures play an important role in the correct modeling of turbulent flows. Two main approaches are currently used in the experimental and theoretical analyses used to study these mechanisms: the classical linear hydrodynamic stability theory and the description of vorticity field in the physical space. In the classical hydrodynamic stability theory, the mixing layer is viewed as an overlapping of the instability waves that propagate and amplify in the downstream direction. The flow is naturally described in the Fourier space. Therefore, measured data in the frequency space cannot be easily related to the evolution of the orderly structures.3'4 The second approach, by taking into account the nonlinear character, explains the behavior of coherent structures by studying the evolution of the vorticity field in the physical space. The structures are considered to be vortices of a characteristic size that exhibit different types of interactions.5'6 In this case, the results can be compared with the flow visualization studies.
Machine Learning for Predicting Students’ Employability

Graduates' employability becomes one of the performance indicators for higher educational institutions (HEIs) because the number of graduates produced every year from higher educational institutions continues to grow and as competition to secure good jobs increases, it is significant for HEIs to understand the employability of graduates upon graduation and highlight the reasons. To predict students' employability before graduation, machine learning models were employed. These include logistic regression; decision tree, random forest, and an unsupervised clustering (K-Means) algorithm. This research, therefore, aims to predict the full-time employability of undergraduate students based on academic and experience employability attributes – including cumulative grade point average (CGPA), student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES), co-curricular activities, gender, and union groupings before graduation. Primary datasets of 218 graduate students in the last four academic calendar years (2016 – 2021) from the Computer Science Department of Federal University Dutse were rated. The results demonstrate that Random Forest Classifier predict students employability the best with an accuracy of 98% and f1-score of 0.99 compare to logistic regression and decision tree. Furthermore, using more students’ data with more attributes including academics and extracurricular activities can improve the models performance and predict students’ employability.
A 250-mW 5.4G-Rendered-Pixel/s Realistic Refocusing Processor for High-Performance Five-Camera Mobile Devices

Digital refocusing in multicamera mobile devices is becoming crucial. Realistic refocusing, which is a subset of digital refocusing, provides physically correct quality; however, its intense computational complexity results in low processing speed and restricts its applicability. Moreover, its complex computation flow requires substantial DRAM bandwidth and a large SRAM area, making it more challenging to implement in hardware. In this article, we present a high-performance refocusing processor based on a hardware-oriented realistic refocusing algorithm. The proposed compact computation flow saves 92% of the DRAM bandwidth and 32% of the SRAM area without noticeable quality degradation. To support high-performance refocusing, we develop highly paralleled engines for view rendering. They deliver 5.4G rendered-pixel/s throughput. The hardware accelerator improves the processing speed by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$350\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> that of the original refocusing algorithm running on a general-purpose processor. The chip is fabricated with 40-nm CMOS technology and comprises 271 kB of SRAM and 2.3M logic gates. The chip processes Full-HD light fields up to 40 frames/s under 250 mW power consumption.
Kinematic Analysis and Air-Sea Heat Flux Associated with Mesoscale Cellular Convection during AMTEX 75

Abstract Several excellent examples of open and closed mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) were observed in DMSP satellite imagery during the second field period of the Air Mass Transformation Experiment (AMTEX), conducted 14–28 February 1975 over the East China Sea in the vicinity of the Kuroshio current. The kinematic fields of horizontal divergence, vertical motion and vorticity of the large-scale flow producing the MCC and the associated heat flux at the air-sea interface were determined to starch for observational evidence as to the cause of circulation direction in the convection cells. None of these kinematic fields had features unique to open and closed cells, with predominantly downward vertical motion and diverging horizontal flow in the convecting layer. From the study of the kinematic fields determined for 14 cases of open cells and 20 cases of closed Cells a physical depiction has been made of the distribution of the vertical motion in the vertical plane of a mesoscale cell during its formati.
Study of out of plane bistatic scattering from rough dielectric surfaces

The paper examines the like- and cross-polarised bistatic scattering characteristics from random rough surfaces along the azimuth angle. To compare the contributions of single and multiple scattering, it studies the effect of multiple scattering under different surface parameters. The single cross-polarised scattering coefficient vanishes in the plane of incidence, but the single like-polarisations reach their minima near 90/spl deg/ from the incident plane. The multiple scattering therefore shows the significant contribution to the cross-polarised scattering in the plane of incidence and the like-polarisations in the orthogonal plane. The model is evaluated by comparing the prediction with the measurement and demonstrates good agreement between the prediction and the experimental data for both like- and cross-polarised scattering coefficients.
Application of biomarkers in characterization of organic matter source, maturity and palaeoredox condition of black shales from the upper Permian Dalong Formation in Southern Anhui Province, South China

The organic‐rich shale in the upper Permian Dalong Formation in Southern Anhui Province is not only regarded as a high‐quality hydrocarbon source rock, but one of the potential targets for shale oil and gas exploration in Southern China. Organic matter types in such a setting remain a subject of debate. The major point of controversy is whether they are dominated by oil‐prone types or gas‐prone types. A total of 20 rock samples collected from Gangdi‐1 well were conducted for analysis of organic geochemistry. Results show that Dalong Formation shale extracts exhibit a wide range of C12‐C35 n‐alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids. The chromatograms display an unimodal distribution with carbon peak in the range of nC18‐nC22 and low quantities of long‐chain (nC25+) n‐alkanes. Relatively high ratios of nC21‐/nC22+ and C27/C29 regular steranes demonstrate that organic matter is mainly originated from lower aquatic organisms and followed by higher plants in a local area. This is also supported by the variations of the δ13C values of C13‐C26 n‐alkanes for the target samples being in the range of 3.0‰–5.6‰ offset, which is slightly higher than the corresponding value (1.6‰) of n‐alkanes from a single source. All these pieces of information decipher that the organic matter in Dalong Formation shale may be dominated by type I and followed by type II1. Moreover, the maturity proxies according to both organic petrography (Ro and Tmax) and biomarkers such as ratios of C29 20 S/(20 S + 20R) and C29 ββ/(αα + ββ) together indicate that organic matter in Dalong Formation shale is in a mature stage of hydrocarbon generation. Furthermore, a cross‐plot of total organic carbon versus total sulphur as well as Pr/Ph ratio and Pr/nC17‐Ph/nC18 diagram elucidates that Dalong Formation shales were mainly formed in a marine reducing environment. Finally, two depositional models of organic matter enrichment are proposed. The abundant lower aquatic organisms with few terrestrial detrital inputs and the reducing water environment together promote organic matter accumulation.
Papillary Muscle Involvement during Acute Myocardial Infarction: Detection by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Using T1 Mapping Technique and Papillary Longitudinal Strain

Papillary muscle (PPM) involvement in myocardial infarction (MI) increases the risk of secondary mitral valve regurgitation or PPM rupture and may be diagnosed using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. The native T1-mapping (nT1) technique and PPM longitudinal strain (PPM-ls) have been used to identify PPM infarction (iPPM) without the use of the contrast agent. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of nT1 and PPM-ls in the identification of iPPM. Forty-six patients, who performed CMR within 14–30 days after MI, were retrospectively enrolled: sixteen showed signs of iPPM on LGE images. nT1 values were measured within the infarcted area (IA), remote myocardium (RM), blood pool (BP), and anterolateral and posteromedial PPMs and compared using ANOVA. PPM-ls values have been assessed on cineMR images as the percentage of shortening between end-diastolic and end-systolic phases. Higher nT1 values and lower PPM-ls were found in infarcted compared to non-infarcted PPMs (nT1: 1219.3 ± 102.5 ms vs. 1052.2 ± 80.5 ms and 17.6 ± 6.3% vs. 21.6 ± 4.3%; p-value < 0.001 for both), with no significant differences between the nT1 of infarcted PPMs and IA and between the non-infarcted PPMs and RM. ROC analysis demonstrated an excellent discriminatory power for nT1 in detecting the iPPM (AUC = 0.874; 95% CI: 0.784–0.963; p < 0.001). nT1 and PPM-ls are valid tools in assessing iPPM with the advantage of avoiding contrast media administration.
Identification and Evaluation of Hub Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in High Fat Diet Induced Liver Steatosis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most prevalent chronic liver disease, but the understanding of the mechanism of NAFLD is still limited. The aim of our study was to explore hub lncRNAs and mRNAs and pathological processes in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced and lycopene-intervened liver steatosis. We analyzed the gene profiles in the GSE146627 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, and we constructed coexpression networks based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were utilized for functional enrichment analysis. We found that the turquoise, blue, brown, yellow, green, and black modules were significantly correlated with NAFLD. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that some hub lncRNAs (Smarca2, Tacc1, Flywch1, and Mef2c) might be involved in the regulation of the inflammatory and metabolic pathways (such as TNF signaling, metabolic, mTOR signaling, MAPK signaling, and p53 signaling pathways) in NAFLD. The establishment of an NAFLD mouse model confirmed that lycopene supply attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD-induced NAFLD. Our analysis revealed that the inflammatory and metabolic pathways may be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and hub lncRNAs provide novel biomarkers, therapeutic ideas, and targets for NAFLD. Moreover, lycopene has the potential to be a phytochemical for the prevention of HFD-induced liver steatosis.
miR-344d-3p regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP) is a chronic disease of bone metabolism that occurs in middle-aged and elderly women. POP can cause abnormalities of the skeletal system in the whole body, and the jaw bone is also impacted, affecting the function of the oral and maxillofacial regions. Mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) play an important role in mandibular bone metabolism, and abnormal differentiation of MBMSCs can affect the metabolic balance between new and old bone. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can induce the differentiation of MBMSCs. In this study, the changes in biological characteristics of mandible and MBMSCs in the bone microenvironment of postmenopausal osteoporosis were firstly analyzed, and then the key miRNAs screened from miRNAs gene chips were sorted out for verification and functional exploration. It was found that miR-344d-3p promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and MBMSCs. It inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 and MBMSCs. In addition, Dnmt3a may be the target gene of miR-344d-3p. In conclusion, this study found new biological indicators related to bone metabolism, which are of great significance in the field of bone reconstruction.