Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbiological quality of kachumbari, a raw vegetable salad popularly served alongside roast meat in Kenya

Raw salads are regularly implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks globally. Consumption of kachumbari, a raw vegetable salad alongside roast meat is widespread in Kenya. This study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of kachumbari samples (n=39) collected from a cross-section of roasted meat eateries in Kenya. United Kingdom’s Health Protection Agency guidelines were used to infer the safety of the salads due to the lack of local criteria for microbiological safety of ready-to-eat fresh produce placed in the market. Based on Escherichia coli counts, 14 (35.9%) of the samples were of satisfactory microbial quality (<20 CFU/g), 7 (17.9%) in the borderline (20 - ≤102 CFU/g) and 18 (46.2%) unsatisfactory (>102 CFU/g). All samples examined for Staphylococci had counts falling within the borderline range (20-≤104 CFU/g). Collectively, 3 (7.7%) of the sampled salads were classified as potentially harmful to health and/or unfit for human consumption due to the presumptive presence of Campylobacter spp. 2 (5.1%) and E.coli O157 1 (2.6%). Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. The presence of hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogens demonstrates that kachumbari salads present a public health risk.
Effect of Auriculotherapy on Sleep Quality in Elderly With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial

* Corresponding Author: Zahra Tagharrobi, PhD. Address: Trauma Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Tel: +98 (31) 55540021 E-mail: tagharrobi_z@yahoo.com 1. Trauma Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Maryam Pourmohammadi 1 , *Zahra Tagharrobi1 , Khadijeh Sharifi 1 , Zahra Sooki 1 , Fatemeh Zare Joshaghani 1
The Public Relations Acceptance Towards Press Release Application with Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gradually changing every industry, including the Public Relations industry (Afzal, 2018). Skills associated with conducting research, creating content, evaluating campaigns, tracking issues and countless work processes are being automated with AI. We believe, although never fully replace public relations professionals but will increasingly assist us and possibly do a better job. We are developing PR Bot, a tool that help PR to create an instant press release using an AI (machine learning). Before we continue building the app, we need to know whether the PR practitioners will accept this technology or not. To find the results we conduct a descriptive research, using interview and polling survey, convenient sampling among the PR professional in Greater Jakarta area. We use Technology Acceptance Model to develop the questionnaire. According to the interview, we found that the knowledge and skill of using new technology of the respondents is very good. The survey shows the acceptance of the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the PR Bot is high. The conclusion, the target market is ready to use the technology, they feel that this tech will help them in daily basis task. Based on this result, we will continue developing and using the insight from the respondents to build the feature of this application.
Traditional knowledge on soil management and conservation in the inter-Andean region, northern Ecuador

Local farmers' knowledge of edaphic fertility indicators is a decisive factor for decision making and sustainable soil management. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine soil fertility indicators according to the criteria of small farmers and contrast it with scientific knowledge. A field study was developed in northern Ecuador, where 95 semi-structured surveys were applied to farm owners in the Andean and Subtropical zones. Each questionnaire grouped several questions with topics such as plant indicators of soil fertility, physical indicators of soil fertility, forms of soil degradation and conservation strategies, as well as the acquisition of knowledge over time according to farmers' perception. Farmers consider that crops are indicators of soil fertility, while the presence of “weeds” indicate poor soils. Additionally, characteristics like color, texture, stoniness, depth, the presence of macrofauna and crop yield indicated soil fertility. Also, farmers are aware of the soil's contamination and of conservation strategies available to avoid this; however, since their main objective is to improve crop yield and not precisely soil conservation, they do not always apply these strategies. Some of these practices are transmitted from one generation to the next and are at risk of being lost, hence the importance of integrating farmers’ perception and scientific knowledge to generate guidelines for sustainable soil management.
Does Compulsory Voting Affect How Voters Choose? A Test Using a Combined Conjoint and Regression Discontinuity Analysis

Authors writing since the late 1800s have argued that the requirement to vote can transform citizens, especially by inducing political sophistication. This implies the criteria that compelled voters use to choose between candidates will differ from those who are not obligated to turn out. To test this, I amalgamate a conjoint experiment with a regression discontinuity design, exploiting age-based cutoffs in the application of compulsory voting. This allows me to causally identify the impact of compulsory voting on the attributes individuals take into account when choosing between candidates. While I recover compulsory voting’s upward impact on turnout, I find no evidence that compelled and voluntary voters differ in how they select candidates.
Examination of appropriate observation time and correction of vegetation index for drone-based crop monitoring

Use of information and communication technologies, as well as robotics, routinely saves labor and refines agricultural tasks; thus, innovative “smart farming” to maintain and enhance the quality of crops can improve the sustainability of agriculture. When managing crop growth using remote-sensing drones, the normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI ) ̶ used to assess growth ̶ typically changes depending on sunlight conditions. In this study we have attempted to develop an empirical correction to correct for differences in sunlight conditions in drone NDVI images of paddy rice. Based on observations using a field sensor installed in a paddy field, and considering the effects of morning dew, we determined that 10:00 AM is the most appropriate time for NDVI observations in paddy rice, when the morning dew has largely evaporated. This observation time differs from that used in the radiative transmission models described in previous studies. In the drone observations, sections with lower NDVI were more strongly affected by solar altitude, and thus by time of day. Therefore, we found that when correcting NDVI according to sunlight conditions, it is necessary to adjust the correction parameters depending on the NDVI values. Based on the aforementioned results, we corrected the drone-observed NDVI and succeeded in mitigating the decline in NDVI value associated with changes in sunlight conditions, in terms of both NDVI values and NDVI images, within plots established in the ( Inoue and Yokoyama, 2017; Mee et al. , 2017 ) . The use of satellite data for farming guidance, such as optimizing harvest timing and fertilizer application ( Sakaiya et al. , 2016 ) , is an example of the
SOC stabilization mechanisms and temperature sensitivity in old terraced soils

<p>Being the most common and widest spread man-made landform, terrace construction has resulted in an extensive perturbation of the land surface. Our mechanistic understanding of the underlying soil organic carbon (SOC) (de-)stabilization mechanisms and of the persistence of SOC stored in terraced soils, however, is far from complete. Here we explored the factors controlling SOC stability and temperature sensitivity (Q<sub>10</sub>) of heterotrophic soil respiration of abandoned prehistoric agricultural terrace soils in NE England. For this we combined soil fractionation and temperature sensitive incubation experiments under idealized, well-aerated topsoil conditions with measurements of terrace soil burial age. Results showed that a substantial part of the SOC stock in these terraced soils (43.5&#177; 5.5%) was found in buried horizons. A significantly lower soil potential respiration was observed for buried terrace soils, relative to a control (non-terraced) profile. This suggests that the burial of soils is an important mechanism to slow down the decomposition of SOC in terraced soils. Furthermore, we observed a shift in the SOC pool composition from particulate organic C to mineral carbon mineral protected C with increasing burial age creating energetic barriers for microorganisms to overcome. This clear shift to more processed recalcitrant SOC with terrace soil burial age also contributes to SOC stability in terraced soils. Temperature sensitivity incubations revealed that as terraced and buried soil becomes older, lower C quality in buried horizons leads to an increase in temperature sensitivity of SOC. In conclusion, terracing in our study site has stabilized SOC as a result of soil burial during terrace construction with evolution to a more biologically processed SOC pool with increasing terrace soil burial age. These depth-age patterns of Q<sub>10</sub> and SOC pool composition of terraced soils should be considered when assessing the effects of climate warming or terrace abandonment/removal on the terrestrial C cycle</p><p></p><p></p>
Effect of hermetic storage on end-use quality of mungbean

This research was carried out to evaluate the suitability of hermetic storage for mungbean. Mungbean samples were stored in airtight PET bottle (hermetic sample) and woven polyethylene bags (control sample) at room temperature either uninfested or infested with Callosobruchus chinensis. Another set of mungbean samples were obtained directly from field and stored in gas-wash bottles as hermetic samples. These samples were stored for 6 months to monitor the gas concentration in every four days intervals. Percentages of grain weight loss, grain damage, moisture content and germination were evaluated form the stored field grain samples. At 2-month intervals during 6 month storage period, development of hard to cook (HTC) characteristics of hermetic and uninfested control samples were evaluated in terms of grain hardness and cooking time. These grain characteristics were also compared with the initial samples. The oxygen content of hermetic samples was dropped to 0.7% and carbon dioxide content was increased to 8% within 28 days of storage. Live insects of C. chinensis were not found in hermetic samples after 30 days. After 6 months, germination decreased from 93 to 87% in the hermetic samples, whereas it was decreased from 93 to 46% in control sample due to grain damage. Percent weight loss and grain damage of hermetic sample was only 4.8 and 5% respectively, compared to the heavy insect damage in the control samples. Moisture content of hermetic samples remained unchanged in comparison to the control. At 6-months, cooking time and grain hardness of the control samples had increased by about 40 and 10% respectively. However, cooking time and grain hardness of the hermetic samples were similar to the initials samples. These data indicated that, insect infestation and HTC characteristics can be effectively controlled by hermetic storage of mungbean while maintaining its desirable market quality.
LOP Game Development to Improve Early Childhood Mathematical-Logic Learning Ability

This study aims to develop a learning media product, namely the LoP Game to improve the Mathematical-Logic Learning Ability of Early Childhood Beginning. This type of research is a Research and Development (R&D) using a model developed by Borg and Gall. There are 3 stages used in this study from 10 stages proposed by Borg and Gall. These stages include: research and information collecting, planning, and develop preliminary form of product. Data validity analysis was performed using the Aiken formula. The data is obtained from the results of the instrument assessment in the form of a questionnaire from material experts and media experts. The feasibility assessment is tested by 3 material experts and 3 media experts. From the results of the validity test, it can be seen that the expert judgment for the media in the LoP game is all valid with all aspects that have been previously described. Thus, it can be said that the LoP game is appropriate and suitable for the development of early childhood abilities, especially mathematical-logic abilities.
Learning new word meanings from story reading: the benefit of immediate testing

This study investigated how word meanings can be learned from natural story reading. Three experiments with adult participants compared naturalistic incidental learning with intentional learning of new meanings for familiar words, and examined the role of immediate tests in maintaining memory of new word meanings. In Experiment 1, participants learned new meanings for familiar words through incidental (story reading) and intentional (definition training task) conditions. Memory was tested with cued recall of meanings and multiple-choice meaning-to-word matching immediately and 24 h later. Results for both measures showed higher accuracy for intentional learning, which was also more time efficient than incidental learning. However, there was reasonably good learning from both methods, and items learned incidentally through stories appeared less susceptible to forgetting over 24 h. It was possible that retrieval practice at the immediate test may have aided learning and improved memory of new word meanings 24 h later, especially for the incidental story reading condition. Two preregistered experiments then examined the role of immediate testing in long-term retention of new meanings for familiar words. There was a strong testing effect for word meanings learned through intentional and incidental conditions (Experiment 2), which was non-significantly larger for items learned incidentally through stories. Both cued recall and multiple-choice tests were each individually sufficient to enhance retention compared to having no immediate test (Experiment 3), with a larger learning boost from multiple-choice. This research emphasises (i) the resilience of word meanings learned incidentally through stories and (ii) the key role that testing can play in boosting vocabulary learning from story reading.
The Development of A New Validated HPLC and Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Daclatasvir and Sofosbuvir: Antiviral Drugs

Objective: Simple, rapid and reproducible reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and ultraviolet derivative spectrophotometric (UVDS) methods for the simultaneous determination of daclatasvir (DAC) and sofosbuvir (SOF) in pure and in pharmaceutical dosage forms have been developed and validated. Methods:The chromatographic separation of DAC and SOF was achieved using Agilent Zorbax SB C18 (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm) column at temperature of 40 °C. The mobile phase used was 9 mM dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 4±0.1): acetonitrile (60:40, v/v). The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min with UV detection at 265 nm. Results: The calculated resolution was 4.56 (> 2), which ensures complete separation. The tailing factor was 1.13 and 1.40 (≤ 2) for DAC and SOF, respectively. Intermediate precision value was ≤ 2% indicate acceptable ruggedness. Conclusion: The two methods were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, specificity, detection limit, quantification limit, robustness and ruggedness.
Hip Mobility and Flexibility for Track and Field Athletes

Introduction: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate techniques on how to improve hip flexibility and mobility, especially for track and field athletes. It also seeks to explain the underlying importance of hip flexibility and mobility. When athlete’s hips are stiff and inflexible, muscle imbalance may occur and increase the risk of injury. Muscle imbalance in the hip often causes knee and hip pain, due to the hip flexors and quadriceps overworking in order to compensate for weaker muscles. The hip mobility and flexibility exercises illustrated here are designed to significantly improve the range of motion (ROM) of the hips. Enhanced ROM can improve motor performance, skill execution, and even prevent injury. Excellent hip extension improves the ability to assist the hip in developing power. Methods: 9 Hip Mobility and 6 Hip Flexibility exercises are described in this paper. The exercises are to be performed 3× per week with at least 24 hours break in-between to achieve optimum results. Conclusion: This paper sought to outline the importance of hip mobility and flexibility, in particular for non-contact-sport athletes (such as those in track and field), and their effects on athletic performance and injury prevention. After proximately 6 weeks, the ROM of the hip will be expected to improve significantly.
The Determinants of Human Resource Disclosures in ASEAN

Article History: Received January 28, 2021 Accepted March 8, 2021 Available March 15, 2021 This paper aims to determine the level of Human Resource Disclosure (HRD) in ASEAN and to examine the impact of firm size, firm age, auditor type, profitability, board size, and gender on HRD. The population of this study was banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), Philippines Stock Exchange (PSE), The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), Bursa Malaysia (Bursa), and Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 2018. The purposive sampling method was used in this study so that obtained 77 banking companies. Multiple linear regression with SPSS 21 was used in this study. The results showed that the mean level of human resource disclosure in ASEAN was 77%. Independent variables of firm size and auditor type have significant and positive influences on HRD. Board size has a negative and significant influence on HRD while firm age, profitability, and gender have insignificant effects. The summaries of this research are the mean level of HRD classified in high. Firm size, auditor type, and board size have significant effects on HRD while firm age, profitability, and gender have insignificant effects. The Absence of HRD level research in ASEAN countries makes this research important to study.
Energy Optimised Security against Wormhole Attack in IoT-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

An IoT-basedwireless sensor network (WSN) comprises many small sensors to collect the data and share it with the central repositories. These sensors are battery-driven and resource-restrained devices that consume most of the energy in sensing or collecting the data and transmitting it. During data sharing, security is an important concern in such networks as they are prone to many threats, of which the deadliest is the wormhole attack. These attacks are launched without acquiring the vital information of the network and they highly compromise the communication, security, and performance of the network. In the IoT-based network environment, its mitigation becomes more challenging because of the low resource availability in the sensing devices. We have performed an extensive literature study of the existing techniques against the wormhole attack and categorised them according to their methodology. The analysis of literature has motivated our research. In this paper, we developed the ESWI technique for detecting the wormhole attack while improving the performance and security. This algorithm has been designed to be simple and less complicated to avoid the overheads and the drainage of energy in its operation. The simulation results of our technique show competitive results for the detection rate and packet delivery ratio. It also gives an increased throughput, a decreased end-to-end delay, and a much-reduced consumption of energy.
HE IMPACT OF COLOUR ON STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION IN LEARNING SPACES

Color has a crucial impact on students’ perception. It encourages the learning atmosphere to be affiliated with the anticipated learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of contextual colors on student’s perception of interior spaces and to validate previous related studies that emphasize on colors as a media to convey meanings that affect behaviors and students’ perception as well. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to determine and validate previous related studies regarding the impact of background color on student’s perception. Meanwhile the study evaluates the previous relevant models in order to validate or reject previous assumptions. The study concentrates on quantitative survey method using in depth questionnaire to determine student’s perception at UHDUniversity of Human Development, Sulaimani. Seven Colors from Munsell color system (yellow, green, blue, purple, white, and black, grey) are applied in the test in order to indicate the students’ perceptual status. The results show that cool colors like white, green and blue are mostly recommended for educational spaces. These colors affected positively the perception of respondents and add feeling of hope, curiosity and satisfaction to the group. In contrast dark colors (black and grey) are indicated as colors of worry and fear. The findings demonstrate that environments colors play an important effect on student’s perception. The study concluded that colors affect the behavior, performance and mood of the space users.
The Clinical Workplace Learning NAQ-R scale Title: Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students in a clinical workplace environment: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Clinical Workplace Learning NAQ-R

We took an instrument for detecting bullying of employees in the workplace, called the Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised (NAQ-R). Items on the NAQ-R were adapted to align with our context of health professional students learning in a CWE and added two new factors of sexual and ethnic harassment. This new instrument, named the Clinical Workplace Learning NAQ-R, was distributed to 540 medical and nursing undergraduate students and we undertook a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to investigate its construct validity and factorial structure.