Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of a Kind of DID Defect-Open Tear Defect in the Recording of Gratings Using Excimer Lasers in Low-Loss Optical Fibers

In general, the internal stress in the fiber core is an important factor of the grating formation. However, it is not very clear how the stress affects the grating formation. Based on our experiments, we first proposed the concept of open tear defect on core/cladding interface. The existence of open tear defect and its importance for grating writing are preliminarily verified by single laser pulse writing experiments on four different types of pure silica fibers and high-pressure helium loading experiments on an ordinary G652 fiber. An open tear defect with stress concentration collapses under laser irradiation, leading to relaxation of the stress around the defect, especially the sharp reduction of the concentrated stress at the tip of the defect, so as to realize the grating with periodic stress modulation. The stress state inside the fiber core affects the opening degree of tear defect, thus affecting the stress concentration around the defect, and finally affecting the grating writing reflectivity. The idea provides an important guideline for writing gratings in low-loss fibers by a single laser pulse.
The Southern Oscillation and Prediction of “Der” Season Rainfall in Somalia

Abstract Somalia survives in semiarid to arid conditions, with annual rainfall totals rarely exceeding 700 mm, which are divided between two seasons. Many areas are arid, with negligible precipitation. Seasonal totals are highly variable. Thus, any seasonal rainfall forecast would be of significant importance to both the agricultural and animal husbandry communities. An investigation was carried out to determine whether there is a relationship between the Southern Oscillation and seasonal rainfall. No relationship exists between the Southern Oscillation and rainfall during the midyear “Gu” season, but it is shown that the year-end “Der” season precipitation is attected by the Southern Oscillation in southern and central areas of Somalia. Three techniques were used: correlation, regression, and simple contingency tables. Correlations between the SOI (Southern Oscillation index) and seasonal rainfall vary from zero up to about −0.8, with higher correlations in the south, both for individual stations and for.
Corrosion Behaviour of High-Pressure Die-Cast AZ91 Alloy in NaCl Solution: Effects of Friction Stir Process at High Rotational Speed

The AZ series of Mg alloys have become promising in several industrial fields thanks to its potential microstructure refinement and the β-Mg17Al12 eutectic that controls the mechanical behaviour. Simultaneously, the rapid degradation characterizing Mg alloys makes the investigation of their corrosion behaviour necessary. The present work considers high-pressure die cast (HPDC) AZ91 alloy to evaluate its corrosion behaviour in 1M NaCl solution and investigates how different friction stir process parameters can affect the corrosion responses. No studies analyse the effects induced by the friction stir processed zone, reached using high rotational speeds (>2000 rpm), on the unprocessed HPDC AZ91 alloy. In addition, the morphological analysis of the corroded surfaces having a friction stir processed zone, in which the grain refinement was not obtained, is not present in the literature yet. Microstructural features were investigated by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis before and after the friction stir process. These were subsequently correlated to the corrosion responses after the immersion tests. The results show that HPDC samples with a very smooth surface have the best corrosion resistance with a corrosion rate lower than 3 mm/year, evaluated through the weight loss, compared to the rougher ones. Both the amount of β-Mg17Al12 eutectic and the wt. % Al in the α-Mg matrix, as well as the surface roughness, influence the corrosion behaviour of friction stir processed samples. The best corrosion resistance was obtained with an HPDC alloy processed at 2500 rpm and 50 mm/min.
Effects of Seven Weeks of Combined Physical Training on High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality in Overweight/Obese Subjects

Our study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on HDL composition and functional properties in overweight/obese subjects. Eighteen overweight/obese subjects (nine F and nine M, BMI = 30.3 ± 3 kg/m2) attended supervised training for 7 weeks. The protocol included combined resistance and conditioning training four to five times each week. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) associated with HDL was evaluated in all subjects before and after the training intervention. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and oxidative stress markers (ox-LDLs and total antioxidant capacity) were studied in the serums of the subjects. At the end of the intervention, the activity of PON1 was increased (p < 0.0001), and MPO levels and the MPO/PON1 ratio were decreased (p < 0.0001). In addition, a significant improvement in muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in total and visceral adipose tissue mass (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.008), without any significant decrease in body weight, were observed. A significant correlation was established between serum MPO/PON ratios, HDL redox activity and ox-LDLs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that exercise training, without modifications of dietary habits, improved HDL functionality in overweight/obese adults, without any significant reduction in BMI or modifications of glucose and lipid biochemical parameters.
Early wound morbidity and clinical outcomes associated with P4HB mesh compared to permanent synthetic mesh in umbilical and small to medium, routine ventral hernia repairs

Background Permanent synthetic meshes such as polypropylene (PP) have been utilized for hernia repair for decades, but concerns remain regarding potential long-term, mesh-related complications. A resorbable polymer such as poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) represents an alternative with high initial strength, that gradually resorbs, leaving an abdominal wall that is at least as strong as it would be in its native state. We aimed to compare early wound morbidity and clinical outcomes associated with P4HB to traditional, permanent PP in umbilical and small to medium, routine ventral hernias using data from the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC). Methods Inclusion criteria for the umbilical cohort included: all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wound classes, all Ventral Hernia Working Group (VHWG) hernia grades, and hernia defects <3 cm. The small to medium, routine ventral hernia cohort was limited to CDC class I wounds, VHWG hernia grades I and II, and hernia defects <5 cm. The study group was comprised of P4HB meshes; the comparator group was an aggregate of PP meshes. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 30 days. Results There was no significant difference in early wound morbidity, readmission, or reoperation between the P4HB and PP cohorts. A small number of patients experienced SSO, with ≤4% requiring procedural intervention. None of the patients (0% in all cases) experienced skin/soft tissue necrosis, infected seroma, infected hematoma, exposed/contaminated/infected mesh, enterocutaneous fistula, graft failure, or pain requiring intervention at 30-days. However, P4HB was associated with significantly greater operative time, length of stay, and use of myofascial release compared to PP (p < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusions Short-term clinical outcomes associated with resorbable P4HB mesh are comparable to permanent synthetic PP mesh in umbilical and small to medium, routine ventral hernia repairs, despite significant differences in operative time and length of stay. Longer-term follow-up is needed to expand on the clinical relevance of these short-term findings.
Body mass index is inversely associated with osteoblastic activity in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Triggered by the association of malnutrition with the incidence of fractures in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), the present study evaluated whether the body mass index (BMI) is associated with serum markers of osteoblastic or osteoclastic activity in this population. The levels of the osteoblastic markers, total procollagen type‑1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OC), the osteoclastic marker, β ‑isomerized C‑terminal cross‑linked peptide of collagen type I ( β ‑CTx), and those of the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured in the serum of 59 patients undergoing HD. iPTH, P1NP, OC and β ‑CTx were intercorre‑ lated. BMI inversely correlated with the osteoblastic markers, P1NP and OC, but not with the osteoclastic marker, β ‑CTx. Age negatively correlated with OC, β ‑CTx and iPTH. The levels of P1NP, OC and β ‑CTx were lower in patients with diabetes mellitus. BMI affected the osteoblastic markers independently of age, diabetes mellitus and iPTH. Thus, BMI inversely correlates with markers of osteoblastic activity in patients undergoing HD. However, other studies are required to confirm causality in this correlation. If confirmed, then enhancing osteoblastic activity by improving the nutritional status may become another therapeutic strategy against chronic kidney disease‑mineral bone disease.
Rainfall impacts on suspended sediment concentrations in an urbanized tidal creek, southeastern North Carolina

Elevated suspended sediment concentrations in fluvial systems are deleterious to fluvial ecosystems. In these systems, increases in total suspended solids (TSS) following rain events have been well documented. The impacts of rainfall on marsh surface sediments have received less attention. This study examined the relationship between rainfall and TSS in a tidal creek adjacent to upland and marsh surfaces. TSS concentrations were measured for two locations in Bradley Creek in southeastern North Carolina; one tidal site and one non-tidal, headwater site. TSS concentrations at the tidal site were significantly higher during the growing season than during the non-growing season. The headwater site showed no significant change in TSS seasonally. No significant difference in TSS concentrations was found between spring and neap tides. During fair weather at the tidal site, flood tide TSS concentrations were greater than ebb tide TSS concentrations, which were greater than low tide TSS concentrations. Mean fair weather TSS concentrations at the headwater site were 1.0 mg L-1. TSS concentrations increased to 11.9 mg L-1 following rain events. At the tidal site, mean fair weather TSS concentrations were 10.9 mg L-1 at ebb tide, 7.9 mg L-1 at low tide, and 13.5 mg L-1 at flood tide. At the tidal site, mean TSS concentrations following rain events increased to 22.5 mg L-1 at ebb tide, 21.8 mg L-1 at low tide, and 20.9 mg L-1 at flood tide. These data suggest that following rain events in Bradley Creek, upland runoff has a greater impact on increasing TSS than does runoff from the marsh surface. It is not believed that a significant amount of sediment is removed from the marsh during low tide rain events.
Effect of observational sampling error on the detection of anthropogenic climate change

Abstract The effect of sampling error in surface air temperature observations is assessed for detection and attribution of an anthropogenic signal. This error arises because grid-box values are based on varying densities of station and marine data. An estimate of sampling error is included in the application of an optimal detection and attribution method based on June–August trends over 50 yr. The detection and attribution method is applied using both the full spatial pattern of observed trends and spatial patterns from which the global mean warming has been subtracted. Including the effect of sampling error is found to increase the uncertainty in estimates of the greenhouse gas–plus–sulfate aerosol signal from observations by less than 2%–6% for recent trend patterns (1949–98), and 3%–8% for signal estimates from observations in the first half of the twentieth century. Random instrumental error shows even smaller effects. However, the effects of systematic instrumental errors, such as changes in measurem.
Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey

Corrections to the publication ‘Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey’ by the same authors in Cainozoic Research 11-13 (2013) are noted. The specific name Polygona vermeiji, introduced in this publication, is a secondary homonym of Latirus vermeiji Petuch, 1986, therefore the replacement name Polygona geeratvermeiji nov. nom. is proposed.
Does The Psychology of Investment Decisions Depend on Risk Perception And Financial Literacy?

This study examines and analyses the effect of overconfidence, herding effect, and disposition effect bias on investment decisions mediated by risk perception and moderated by financial literacy. The sample for this study uses 184 investors from 19 provinces in Indonesia using a purposive sampling technique. Regression partial least squares test the hypothesis with the Warp-PLS application version. The study's results found that overconfidence bias does not affect risk perception. Herding effect bias and disposition bias have positive effects on risk perception. Risk perception has a positive effect on investment decisions. Risk perception fully mediates the relationship between disposition effect bias on investment decisions. However, risk perception does not mediate the relationship between overconfidence bias and herding effect bias on investment decisions. Meanwhile, financial literacy must moderate the relationship between risk perception and investment decisions. The implication of the study is expected to assist the Financial Services Authority in increasing investors' financial literacy in the capital market.
Personality traits and health-related behaviors in medical students facing a stressful event

Background It is believed that personality traits have an impact on the propensity to change and maintain favorable lifestyle habits. This issue has been raised by multiple studies, however, none of them appeared to focus on population under severe psychological stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link between personality traits and health-related behaviors and measures such as dietary intake of specific food products, physical activity, body-mass index and the use of cigarettes in medical students facing a stressful event. Methods The study included a cohort of third-year medical students from the Medical University of Lodz, Poland, facing a stressful subject exam during the first COVID-19-related lockdown. At baseline, personality traits were evaluated with the use of the Polish version of the Big Five Inventory-Short questionnaire. Then, consumption of selected food products was monitored with the use of seven-day electronic dietary record. Also, some other health-related data was collected (body-mass index, physical activity and the use of cigarettes). General Linear Modeling techniques, logistic regression and exploratory factor analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results Four hundred and forty-four students completed the study. A two-factor pattern of food consumption was discovered by the exploratory factor analysis in the study group (34% of the variance explained). Higher conscientiousness, but not the other personality traits, was found to be significantly associated with generally healthier lifestyle manifested by higher consumption of vegetables, wholegrain products, fruits and nuts (adjusted beta 0.16, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.26, pη2 = 2.3%, p = 0.0015) and lower cigarette smoking (adjusted odds ratio 0.84, 95%CI 0.75 to 0.94, p = 0.0020), but insignificantly with physical activity and body-mass index. Conclusion Severely stressed medical students expressing high conscientiousness tend to present healthier behaviors. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving lifestyle habits in students with low conscientiousness might be useful.
Applied Body Composition Assessment

Part 1 Body composition methodology: body composition basics skinfold method - assumptions and principles of skinfold method, skinfold prediction models, skinfold technique biolelectrical impedance model - assumptions and principles of BIA method, BIA prediction models, BIA technique near-infrared interactance model - assumptions and principles of NIR method, NIR prediction model, NIR technique anthropometric methods - assumptions and principles of the anthropometric method, anthropometric prediction models, sources of measurement error, anthopometric techniques, anthropometric indexes of body fat distribution, additional applications of anthropometry. Part 2 Body composition methods and equation for specific groups: body composition and children - skinfold equations for children, biolelectrical impedance equations for children, near-infrared interactance equations for children anthropometric equations for children body composition and the elderly - skinfold equations for elderly, bioelectrical impedance equations for elderly, near-infrared equations for elderly, anthropometric equations for elderly body composition and ethnicity - body composition and health risks of American Indians, body composition and health risks of blacks, body composition and health risks of hispanics, body composition and health risks of Asians, body composition and health risk of whites body composition and levels of body fatness body composition and athletes - fat-free body composition of athletes, skinfold equations for athletes, bioelectrical impedance equations for athletes, near-infrared equations for athletes, anthropometric equations for athletes assessing body composition changes.
A different approach in primary spontaneous pneumothorax surgery: Lateral pleurectomy technique and results

Background: Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax is a disease with a frequent recurrence rate. The uniportal videothoracoscopic surgery approach is the standard treatment for air leak and recurrence prevention. In common practice, apical pleurectomy is used after apical wedge resection. Our study aims to examine the results, especially the recurrence rate, of the lateral pleurectomy and apical pleural abrasion combination technique applied as an alternative to this technique.Methods: A total of 50 patients who underwent uniportal videothoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax between November 2018 and May 2021 were included in the study. The follow-up period for recurrence of the patients was 12-42 months. Age, gender, pneumothorax side, operation indication, Body Mass Index, smoking history, incision length and location, air leakage and tube thoracostomy duration, Verbal Numeric Pain Scores, post-operative length of hospital stay, complications, and recurrence data were recorded.Results: Of the 50 patients, 44 (88%) were male, and 6 (12%) were female, with a mean age of 22.3±5.9 years. Surgery was performed from the existing drain site in 32 (64%) cases and the former drain scar in 11 (22%) cases. The mean duration of tube thoracostomy was 2.7±0.97 days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 3.6±0.89 days. Complications developed in 2 (4%) cases, and recurrence was observed in 2 (4%) cases.Conclusions: Lateral pleurectomy with the apical pleural abrasion technique is easy to apply and reduces the possibility of undesired hemorrhagic drainage. We believe that the lateral pleurectomy technique is safe, easily applicable, and less risky in terms of hemorrhage.
RESPUESTA DEL PASTO GUINEA (Panicum maximum, cv. Likoni) CULTIVADO EN SUELO FERRALÍTICO ROJO LIXIVIADO A LA INOCULACIÓN DE HONGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES

An experiment was carried out under field conditions on a Lixiviated Red Ferralitic soil, with the objective of evaluating the effect of three strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and development of guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv, Likoni). Four treatments were studied (control and the inoculation of AMF strains Glomus hoi-like, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) arranged in a Latin square design. The mycorrhizal formulation was applied at sowing by the seed recovering method with an equivalent dose to 10 % of its weight. The guinea grass was cut every each six and eight weeks in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, evaluating in each cut the percentages of root colonization and visual density, as well as height, biomass nutrient contents and dry matter yield. With the inoculation of the strain Glomus hoi-like, the highest colonization and vi- sual density levels and NPK contents were obtained in the air biomass. This strain also produced the biggest height and tiller diameter and dry matter yields of the guinea grass. Among the evaluated strains, Glomus hoi-like showed the highest indexes of efficiency and participation in grass nutrition. According to the exposed results, the strain Glomus hoi-like was effective to improve the nutritional status and dry matter yields of the guinea grass cultivated in this type of soil. RESUMEN. Se realizo un experimento en condiciones de cam- po sobre un suelo Ferralitico Rojo Lixiviado, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de tres cepas de micorrizas arbusculares so-
A High-Misalignment-Tolerant and Extensive Vertical Adaptation Combined Simultaneous Transmission of Power and Data for WPT System

Misalignment tolerance ability and vertical distance adaptation are equally vital for both the power transfer and the data exchange in simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (SWPDT) systems. The coupling mechanism with the anti-series coil is explored in detail, and it is proven that not only the misalignment tolerance but also the vertical distance adaptation can be significantly improved with the well design parameter. Data is injected into the anti-series coil and extracted from the partial receiving coil. The data transfer link is analyzed, and the anti-series coil and the number of turns of the inside receiving coil are designed to stabilize the mutual inductance. Moreover, the method of distribution compensation capacitors is proposed to suppress the power interference and reduce the voltage stress of capacitors and coils. The 868-W prototype is constructed for validation. The result shows that the load current is maintained constant well within the 100 mm misalignment distance, and dc–dc efficiency is 85.12%. Also, the transferred data is correctly recovered at the rate of 115.2 kb/s in the given displacements.
EFL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION READINESS: A CASE IN A VIETNAMESE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

The development of digital technology has significantly affected Vietnamese education in recent years, presenting both challenges and opportunities. In many educational institutions, digital transformation has helped to improve the learning experience for both students and teachers through interactive and customizable learning. Various uses of digital teaching and learning may include providing diverse choices of online learning such as participating in classes through mobile apps or web applications, enhancing self-directed learning, and using technology to track students' progress. Although digital transformation has become a worldwide topic recently, particularly in the new normal, limited research has explored this subject in the context of EFL teaching and learning in Vietnam. This empirical study aims to explore teachers’ perceptions of their readiness for the digital transformation at a center of foreign languages. The results revealed that teachers were relatively ready for this important change, although a number of typical challenges can have a negative influence on the effective implementation of the process. Many suggestions for improving teaching quality thanks to digital transformation were also presented. Article visualizations: