Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Deformation of the Funzie Conglomerate, Fetlar, Shetland

The Funzie conglomerate in northeast Shetland is a very large body of deformed metaconglomerate of pre-Middle Old Red Sandstone age. Its elongated and flattened pebbles, which are mostly of quartzite and occasionally of marble, lie in a subgraywacke matrix. A plot based on the measurement of 548 quartzite pebbles shows that the shapes of the pebbles vary systematically over the area. A minimum value for the deformation of the conglomerate at any point is found by comparing the average pebble shape at that point with the average pebble shape in the area of least deformation. Compression in the plane normal to the elongation direction has forced the pebbles to elongate by flow (Einengung). It is shown that the consistency of direction of the pebble axes is related to the elongation of those axes and is due to differential flow of the matrix against the pebbles. During the deformation of the pebbles their constituent quartz grains, the clastic quartz grains in the matrix, and the calcite grains in the marble pebbles developed forms and orientations similar to those of the pebbles. At the same time, the quartz, calcite, and micaceous grains of the pebbles and the micaceous grains of the matrix all developed preferred lattice orientations which give partial girdles of the poles of the c-axes [or of (001) of mica] in the plane perpendicular to the elongation direction, while the clastic quartz grains in the matrix show no preferred lattice orientation. Later ruptural deformation gave rise to fracture cleavage in the quartzite pebbles, tension veins, and calcite twinning.
Weathering rates of buried machine‐polished rock disks, Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland

Some 48 dolomite, 37 granite, and 19 limestone machine‐polished disks were buried at soil horizon boundaries in 16 soil pits to maximum depths of 0·5–0·6 m within Kärkevagge, a presently periglacial, glaciated trough in Arctic Sweden. The objective of the ongoing study is to determine near‐surface ‘potential’ weathering rates beneath birch forest, Dryas heath, heath, meadow, solifluction meadow, and willow vegetation cover types. Selected disks were excavated after 1 year, and all disks were excavated after 4 or 5 years.
Three Years Evaluation of Single Versus Two Implants Retained Mandibular Overdenture Regarding Marginal Bone Loss, Gingival and Plaque Indices: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Completely edentulous patients' primary concerns with mandibular dentures are lack of stability and retention, along with a diminished ability to chew. Nevertheless, when dental implants were developed, it was feasible to prevent these issues and considerably improve the functional activities. Objectives: Estimating the marginal level of the bone and peri-implant soft tissue response around single versus two implants retained mandibular over-dentures was the goal of this investigation. Materials and methods : 24 completely edentulous patients with a mean age of 56 years (13 males and 11 women) were carefully chosen for this investigation. Selected patients were divided at random into 2 equal groups, 12 each. It was chosen whether to place with a single implant (GI) or two inter-foramina implants (GII) in the mandible. The implants had been attached to locator attachments after a three-month healing period, and the denture had been delivered with the retentive components integrated into the denture base. Estimates of marginal bone loss and peri-implant soft tissue response were taken at the three-, six-to twelve-months'-, and three-year follow-up exams. In G II, 24 implants were inserted, compared to 36 in G I. All participants finished the three-year follow-up period. Results: Regarding marginal loss of bone, the two-implant group (GII) displayed less amount of loss in comparison to single implant group (GI) but this difference was not significant from statistical point of view. Regarding the plaque index and gingival index, the findings revealed that there were no significant differences between the patients in either group. Conclusion: In comparison to one implant-retained mandibular overdenture, marginal bone loss was reduced with two implant-retained mandibular overdentures. However, single implant mandibular overdentures appear to a substitute option for the management of edentulous persons in poor socioeconomic categories.
Differences in fruit quality of strawberry cv. Elsanta depending on cultivation system and harvest time.

The aim of this research was to determine differences in chemical composition of strawberry cv. Elsanta fruit in three different cultivation systems and at three harvest times. The cultivation systems were: open field, high tunnel and hydroponics, all located in the Zagreb area. The harvest times were: the beginning, the middle and the end of strawberry harvest season. In the harvested fruit following parameters were determined: dry matter, total soluble solids(o ; ; Brix), total acid (TA), Brix/TA, pH, L-ascorbic acid, natural invert and total invert. Th ere were signifi cant differences between high tunnel, open field and hydroponics cultivation. Chemical parameters were somewhat highest for fruit grown in high tunnel, and only values of total invert were higher in open field at second and third harvest time. Based on statistical analysis fruit grown in high tunnel had good quality at all three harvest times.
Tests on Some Programmed Numerical Wave Forecast Models

Abstract Numerical forecasting of wind-generated ocean waves by digital computer may be attempted using any of three fundamentally different ways of describing wave generation and decay: empirical significant wave, empirical spectral, and theoretical spectral. This paper describes four models, covering the three types, which have been programmed with a view to the adaptation of one or more into a numerical wave forecast system for the Australian region. Results from a simple test situation are presented, both for comparison purposes and as a check on the internal consistency of the model's generation and decay functions.
Patient-Derived Cellular Models for Polytarget Precision Medicine in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration

The term neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) brings together a broad set of progressive and disabling neurological genetic disorders in which iron is deposited preferentially in certain areas of the brain. Among NBIA disorders, the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) caused by pathologic variants in the PANK2 gene codifying the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2). To date, there are no effective treatments to stop the progression of these diseases. This review discusses the utility of patient-derived cell models as a valuable tool for the identification of pharmacological or natural compounds for implementing polytarget precision medicine in PKAN. Recently, several studies have described that PKAN patient-derived fibroblasts present the main pathological features associated with the disease including intracellular iron overload. Interestingly, treatment of mutant cell cultures with various supplements such as pantothenate, pantethine, vitamin E, omega 3, α-lipoic acid L-carnitine or thiamine, improved all pathophysiological alterations in PKAN fibroblasts with residual expression of the PANK2 enzyme. The information provided by pharmacological screenings in patient-derived cellular models can help optimize therapeutic strategies in individual PKAN patients.
Ni-Based SBA-15 Catalysts Modified with CeMnOx for CO2 Valorization via Dry Reforming of Methane: Effect of Composition on Modulating Activity and H2/CO Ratio

Dry reforming of methane with ratio CH4/CO2 = 1 is studied using supported Ni catalysts on SBA-15 modified by CeMnOx mixed oxides with different Ce/Mn ratios (0.25, 1 and 9). The obtained samples are characterized by wide-angle XRD, SAXS, N2 sorption, TPR-H2, TEM, UV–vis and Raman spectroscopies. The SBA-15 modification with CeMnOx decreases the sizes of NiO nanoparticles and enhances the NiO–support interaction. When Ce/Mn = 9, the NiO forms small particles on the surface of large CeO2 particles and/or interacts with CeO2, forming mixed phases. The best catalytic performance (at 650 °C, CH4 and CO2 conversions are 51 and 69%, respectively) is achieved over the Ni/CeMnOx/SBA-15 (9:1) catalyst. The peculiar CeMnOx composition (Ce/Mn = 9) also improves the catalyst stability: In a 24 h stability test, the CH4 conversion decreases by 18 rel. % as compared to a 30 rel. % decrease for unmodified catalyst. The enhanced catalytic stability of Ni/CeMnOx/SBA-15 (9:1) is attributed to the high concentration of reactive peroxo (O−) and superoxo (O2−) species that significantly lower the amount of coke in comparison with Ni-SBA-15 unmodified catalyst (weight loss of 2.7% vs. 42.2%). Ni-SBA-15 modified with equimolar Ce/Mn ratio or Mn excess is less performing. Ni/CeMnOx/SBA-15 (1:4) with the highest content of manganese shows the minimum conversions of reagents in the entire temperature range (X(CO2) = 4–36%, X(CH4) = 8–58%). This finding is possibly attributed to the presence of manganese oxide, which decorates the Ni particles due to its redistribution at the preparation stage.
SHEAR-WAVE RECORDING USING CONTINUOUS SIGNAL METHODS PART II—LATER EXPERIMENTATION

The emphasis in this shear‐wave research was placed on determining the general quality of data which could be obtained in different areas and whether such quality was consistent with the main objective of getting information from the shear‐wave data which could not be obtained from the corresponding P‐wave data. Borehole data are presented to show that the SH source of vibrations generates a downward‐propagating, horizontally polarized shear wave. Shear velocities were determined for depth intervals of two to three hundred feet, but no absolute correlation between Vs/Vp and lithology could be established. In the deeper sedimentary section, Vs/Vp averages about one‐half; but in the low velocity, or weathering layer, the ratio may be as small as one sixth. All the reflection record problems which arise from wave propagation phenomena in the LVL are generally much worse for SH waves than for P waves because of the very small SH velocities in the LVL. Nevertheless, by using large source and receiver patterns .
NKCC1 and KCC2 Chloride Transporters Have Different Membrane Dynamics on the Surface of Hippocampal Neurons

Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) regulates chloride influx in neurons and thereby GABAA receptor activity in normal and pathological conditions. Here, we characterized in hippocampal neurons the membrane expression, distribution and dynamics of exogenous NKCC1a and NKCC1b isoforms and compared them to those of the chloride extruder K-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2). We found that NKCC1a and NKCC1b behave quite similarly. NKCC1a/1b but not KCC2 are present along the axon initial segment where they are confined. Moreover, NKCC1a/1b are detected in the somato-dendritic compartment at a lower level than KCC2, where they form fewer, smaller and less compact clusters at perisynaptic and extrasynaptic sites. Interestingly, ~60% of dendritic clusters of NKCC1a/1b are colocalized with KCC2. They are larger and brighter than those devoid of KCC2, suggesting a particular NKCC1a/1b-KCC2 relationship. In agreement with the reduced dendritic clustering of NKCC1a/1b compared with that of KCC2, NKCC1a/1b are more mobile on the dendrite than KCC2, suggesting weaker cytoskeletal interaction. NKCC1a/b are confined to endocytic zones, where they spend more time than KCC2. However, they spend less time in these compartments than at the synapses, suggesting that they can rapidly leave endocytic zones to increase the membrane pool, which can happen in pathological conditions. Thus, NKCC1a/b have different membrane dynamics and clustering from KCC2, which helps to explain their low level in the neuronal membrane, while allowing a rapid increase in the membrane pool under pathological conditions.
Detecting and interpreting secondary forest on an old Amazonian frontier

Land uses that replace tropical forests are important determinants of terrestrial carbon storage and biodiversity. This includes secondary forest growth after deforestation, which has been integrated into the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) concept as a means to enhance current forest carbon stocks. Incorporating secondary forest into climate change mitigation efforts requires both accurate measurements and a means to target interventions to achieve additionality. We demonstrate how remote sensing and household survey data can be combined to meet these requirements in ‘old frontiers’ of the Brazilian Amazon and introduce the idea that annual land-cover transitions − measured at the pixel level and over time − can serve as leading indicators of secondary forest regrowth. The patterns we observe are consistent with the suggested tension between equity and additionality in REDD+: the poorest households on the poorest quality lots already allow forest regeneration. Policy interventions to encourage regeneration are likely to have the greatest additional impact on higher quality lots owned by better capitalized households.
Poroelasticity: Efficient modeling of strongly coupled, slow deformation processes in a multilayered half-space

We present a fast, powerful numerical scheme to compute poroelastic solutions for excess pore pressure and displacements in a multilayered half-space. The solutions are based on the mirror-image technique and use an extension of Haskell's propagator method. They can be applied to assess in-situ formation parameters from the surface deformation field when fluids are injected into or extracted from a subsurface reservoir, or they can be used to simulate changes in pore-fluid pressure resulting from matrix displacements induced by an earthquake. The performance of the numerical scheme is tested through comparison with observations of the surface deformation as recorded by tiltmeters in the vicinity of an iteratively pumped well. Modeling of near-surface tilt data around a productive well is useful in constraining hydraulic diffusivity in the layered subsurface.
Shear deformation experiments of forsterite at 11 Gpa - 1400°C in the multianvil apparatus

Synthetic forsterite samples were shear-deformed at 11 GPa, 1400°C in the multianvil apparatus. The deformation microstructures have been characterised by SEM, EBSD, X-ray diffraction peak broadening and strain anisotropy analysis, and TEM. Different time durations have been characterised with a view to follow the evolution of strain and stress in high-pressure deformation experiments. A high density of [001] dislocations is introduced during pressurization at room temperature although no significant macroscopic shear or crystal preferred orientations are induced at this stage. The deviatoric stress is probably on the order of 1.5 GPa. Heating at 1400°C leads to a rapid decrease of the density of these dislocations. The shear deformation at high-temperature leads to measurable strain and development of crystal preferred orientations after one hour. Stress and strain-rate continue to decrease with time, such that eight hour experiments exhibit microstructures where recovery is apparent. At this stage, the stress level is estimated at ca. 100 MPa from dislocation density measurements. Crystal preferred orientations and TEM characterisation show that glide of [001] dislocations on (100) or (010) is the dominant deformation mechanism. Further investigation is needed to determine whether inhibition of [100] glide in these experiments is due to the role of water or whether a physical effect of pressure is also contributing.
Relationship Between Fat-soluble Vitamins and Premature Ovarian Failure: A Systematic Review

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a major concern in women's health. It is hypothesized that a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins might result in POI; however, this relationship has not been extensively evaluated. Objectives: This systematic review was designed to elucidate the relationship between fat-soluble vitamin serum levels and POI. Methods: This systematic review was conducted on international databases, including Scopus, National Library of Medicine (PubMed), and Web of Science (ISI) databases, along with Google Scholar, until June 2022. This review was conducted on case reports, case series, cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies (observational studies) published in English and Persian in peer-reviewed journals that assessed the association between serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins and POI. Results: Of the 10,029 retrieved articles, 5 (N = 3,443 subjects) were included in the review. The results of the reviewed articles were inconsistent in terms of the relationship between serum vitamin D and A levels and POI; however, vitamin D binding protein and vitamin A/total cholesterol ratio might be related to POI. Serum vitamin E was associated with POI based on the findings of one study. Discussion: This review showed that the serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins might predict POI. However, there was an insufficient number of studies to document the findings. If approved in further studies, these vitamins and their binding proteins can be evaluated in high-risk POI patients.
Review of groundwater pollution from waste disposal sites in England and Wales, with provisional guidelines for future site selection

Summary Preliminary results are presented of a multi-authority review of the water pollution hazard represented by 2494 landfill sites in England and Wales. Of these, desk studies indicate that only 51 represent a serious pollution risk to major or minor aquifers. River authorities have classified 80 sites as being unacceptable for future use out of 714 locations they have examined. In defining provisional guidelines for the selection of landfill sites, a generalized threefold classification of wastes is proposed. A policy of confinement for hazardous wastes is recommended until and unless further research enables adoption of a less rigorous system. A flow diagram is provided for use in site selection.
Geoid and topographic swells over temperature‐dependent thermal plumes in spherical‐axisymmetric geometry

Geoid and topographic profiles over constant‐viscosity thermal plumes in spherical‐axisymmetric geometry at moderate Rayleigh numbers are compared with results from previous studies in other geometries. Plumes in spherical‐axisymmetric models produce larger geoid anomalies than plumes in either Cartesian or cylindrical‐axisymmetric geometries; however, the topographic anomalies over the plumes are smaller than the corresponding anomalies in a cylindrical‐axisymmetric geometry but larger than those in a Cartesian geometry. For plumes in a temperature‐dependent viscosity fluid, the geoid and topographic profiles are reduced by a factor of two when compared to a constant viscosity fluid with the same background viscosity profile. In this case, the radially‐averaged temperature profile around the plume creates a low‐viscosity ‘layer’ beneath the lithosphere.
Influence of hot water treatment on nutritional quality attributes of cold stored apple (Malus × domestica)

The present study was carried out at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2021–2023 to study the effect of postharvest hot water treatment (HWT) on the nutritional quality attributes of apple [Malus × domestica Borkh. ] cv. Royal Delicious. Apple fruits were exposed to hot water at 48, 50, 52 and 54°C for 2, 3, 4 and 5 min. Following the treatment, the fruits were cold stored (2±1°C, 90–95% relative humidity) for 90 days and evaluated for quality changes at every 15 days interval. Our results revealed that HWT of apple fruits at 48°C and 50°C were best for optimum retention of nutritional quality of apple fruits. Exposure of fruits to HWT at 48°C/5 min and 50°C/2 min resulted in least (0.73%, 0.75%) loss of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content (0.10%, 0.21%), respectively as compared to other temperature-time combinations. At the end of a three month storage period, under control treatment, fruits exhibited 9.56% reduction of antioxidant (AOX) activity in comparison to 0.17–2.21% reduction in HWT apples. The maximum loss in quality attributes was noticed at highest temperature-time exposure (54°C/5 min). Thus, it was observed that the right combination of temperature and time for HWT is crucial to maintain fruit quality attributes without compromising nutritional value.
Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Background and Purpose We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites. Results Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family, Desulfovibrio genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all P<0.044). The causal associations between Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas Desulfovibrio genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all P<0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between Bifidobacteriales order, Bifidobacteriaceae family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (P=0.028) and 4.6% (P=0.033); the association between Desulfovibrio genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (P=0.019), 4.2% (P=0.035), and 9.1% (P=0.013), respectively. Conclusion The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.