Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Resource Management and Employee Engagement in Nepalese Commercial Banks

Employee Engagement is mainstream attention for any type of organizations in the current business scenario. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between employee engagement and HRM components among employees of various commercial banks in Nepal. The workplace, values, motivation, and attitude are among the independent variables in the study. Employee engagement is the study's dependent variable. Descriptive research design is the one employed in this study. The study's population consisted of 46,508 employees, and 396 employees were randomly chosen from 11 commercial banks using a simple random sampling technique. A standardized Likert scale questionnaire was used to collect the data, with 1 denoting a strong disagreement and 5 denoting a strong agreement. The data were analyzed using regression analysis, correlation, and descriptive statistics. Cronbach's Alpha has been used to measure reliability. With an average Chronbach's Alpha rating of 0.79, reliability has been considered acceptable. The study has concluded that employees' attitude, motivation and value have a favorable and significant relationship with employee engagement, Workplace has a positive but insignificant impact on employee engagement. The main emphasis of this study is the need for proactive, comprehensive strategies to human resource management techniques in order to guarantee coherence with company goals and prioritize employee engagement.
Lower limb biomechanics of fully trained exoskeleton users reveal complex mechanisms behind the reductions in energy cost with human-in-the-loop optimization

Exoskeletons that assist in ankle plantarflexion can improve energy economy in locomotion. Characterizing the joint-level mechanisms behind these reductions in energy cost can lead to a better understanding of how people interact with these devices, as well as to improved device design and training protocols. We examined the biomechanical responses to exoskeleton assistance in exoskeleton users trained with a lengthened protocol. Kinematics at unassisted joints were generally unchanged by assistance, which has been observed in other ankle exoskeleton studies. Peak plantarflexion angle increased with plantarflexion assistance, which led to increased total and biological mechanical power despite decreases in biological joint torque and whole-body net metabolic energy cost. Ankle plantarflexor activity also decreased with assistance. Muscles that act about unassisted joints also increased activity for large levels of assistance, and this response should be investigated over long-term use to prevent overuse injuries.
Minerals and Serum Metabolites Profile in Cows Reared on Natural Pastures in a Semi-Arid Area

This study aimed to profile minerals and metabolite levels in cows solely reliant on natural pastures. Mineral plays a significant role in cattle production and reproduction. Measures of serum metabolites are good indicators in disease diagnosis and nutritional status of animals. A total of 179 blood samples were collected from cases of cows of different ages and breeds experiencing dystocia (n=50), downer cow syndrome (n=34), vaginal prolapse (n=16), retained placenta (n=13), and abortions (n=69) following reports submitted to the North-West (NWU) Animal Hospital in Mafikeng Campus. Analysis of minerals and serum metabolite were done using ICP-MSand IDEXX Catalyst Chemistry Analyser. The data were coded and analysed using the Statistical Software for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to show the distribution of the minerals and serum metabolites levels across the reproductive conditions. The results were significantly different at 5% (P <0.05). Low zinc levels were seen in cows with abortions and dystocia. In downer cow syndrome, the levels of iron, magnesium and phosphorus were high. Low Iodine levels were seen in cows with vaginal prolapse, retained placenta, abortion and dystocia. Low phosphorus levels were noted in cows with vaginal prolapse. Significant differences were seen in the concentrations of Urea/BUN, Total bilirubin, Aspartate amino-transferase (AST), ammonia and lipase. The levels of minerals and serum metabolites are significant indicators in cows presenting with different reproductive conditions and could affect production.
Management of the Brain: Essential Oils as Promising Neuroinflammation Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neuroinflammation, a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, has become a focal point for therapeutic exploration. This review highlights neuroinflammatory mechanisms that hallmark neurodegenerative diseases and the potential benefits of essential oils in counteracting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, thereby offering a novel strategy for managing and mitigating the impact of various brain disorders. Essential oils, derived from aromatic plants, have emerged as versatile compounds with a myriad of health benefits. Essential oils exhibit robust antioxidant activity, serving as scavengers of free radicals and contributing to cellular defense against oxidative stress. Furthermore, essential oils showcase anti-inflammatory properties, modulating immune responses and mitigating inflammatory processes implicated in various chronic diseases. The intricate mechanisms by which essential oils and phytomolecules exert their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were explored, shedding light on their multifaceted properties. Notably, we discussed their ability to modulate diverse pathways crucial in maintaining oxidative homeostasis and suppressing inflammatory responses, and their capacity to rescue cognitive deficits observed in preclinical models of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases.
Seasonal divergence in the sensitivity of evapotranspiration to climate and vegetation growth in the Yellow River Basin, China

Seasonal variations in terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) have crucial impacts on the seasonal trajectories of the regional water cycle, vegetation growth, and local climate feedback. However, the possibly divergent roles of climate and vegetation growth variations in controlling seasonal ET patterns remain poorly quantified. This study therefore quantifies the interannual sensitivity and attribution of ET to climate and vegetation growth variations in different seasons and different biomes in the YRB in China between 1982 and 2011, using the satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), FLUXNET‐based upscaled ET, and concurrent climate data. The results reveal a clear seasonal divergence in the interannual sensitivity of ET to climate and vegetation growth variations in the YRB. Interannual precipitation and NDVI variations play a dominant role in controlling seasonal ET variations in the YRB, with temperature having a marginal effect. Interannual ET sensitivity to precipitation weakens with an increasing mean annual precipitation gradient in almost all seasons, especially in summer and autumn. More importantly, a seasonally varying role of vegetation growth in mediating seasonal ET was discovered, and a crucial role of late‐growing‐season vegetation growth in controlling the seasonal trajectory of regional ET was explicitly identified. These results suggest that ongoing intensive vegetation restoration has crucial impacts on seasonal water‐cycle patterns and consequent terrestrial‐atmospheric biogeochemical feedback in the YRB.
Enhancement of seedling quality in small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) through inoculation of VAM fungi and liquid microbial inoculants as PGPR

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of liquid microbial inoculants on quality seedlings production in small cardamom at ZAHRS, Mudigere, Karnataka during 2020-21with nine treatments and three replications in CRD. The results of study revealed that, among the different treatments studied, combined inoculation of liquid PGPR (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus) and VAM recorded significantly maximum pseudostem height, pseudostem girth, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, total chlorophyll content, total dry matter production, number of primary and secondary roots, root length, root thickness, root volume, total dry matter production, tillering percentage, Dickson quality index and volume index at 150 days after inoculation in the secondary nursery. Similarly, significantly higher microbial population in terms total bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were observed in the nursery media with conjuctive use of liquid microbial inoculants and VAM.
Fleeing to Fault Zones: Incorporating Syrian Refugees into Earthquake Risk Analysis along the East Anatolian and Dead Sea Rift Fault Zones

The influx of millions of Syrian refugees into Turkey has rapidly changed the population distribution along the Dead Sea Rift and East Anatolian Fault zones. In contrast to other countries in the Middle East where refugees are accommodated in camp environments, the majority of displaced individuals in Turkey are integrated into local cities, towns, and villages—placing stress on urban settings and increasing potential exposure to strong earthquake shaking. Yet, displaced populations are not traditionally captured in data sources used in earthquake risk analysis or loss estimations. Accordingly, this study presents a district-level analysis assessing the spatial overlap of earthquake hazards and refugee locations in southeastern Turkey, in hopes of determining how migration patterns are altering seismic risk in the region. Using migration estimates from the U.S. Humanitarian Information Unit, district-level population scenarios that combine official population statistics with camped and non-camped refugee population bounds were created. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis was performed alongside these scenarios to map spatial variations in seismic risk between 2011 and 2015. Results show a relative southward increase of seismic risk for this period due to refugee migration. Additionally, earthquake fatalities were calculated using a semi-empirical loss estimation technique on five faults to determine degree of under-estimation resulting from forgoing migration data in loss modeling. It was found that refugee populations increase casualties by 11-12% using median population estimates, and upwards of 20% using high population estimates. These findings communicate the ongoing importance of placing environmental hazards in their appropriate regional context which unites physical, political, cultural, and socio-economic landscapes.
New findings in prognostic factor assessment for adenocarcinoma of transverse colon: a comparison study between competing-risk and COX regression analysis

Purpose Competing-risk analysis was used to accurately assess prognostic factors for cancer-specific death in patients with adenocarcinoma of transverse colon (ATC), and the results were compared with those from a conventional Cox regression analysis. Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with ATC between 2000 and 2019 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The crude mortality rates of patients with ATC were calculated and their differences were tested using the Gray’s test, respectively. In performing multivariate analysis, the Cox regression model and the subdistribution hazard function (SD) in competing risk analysis were utilized, respectively. Results This study included 21,477 eligible patients. The SD model indicated that age, etc. are actual independent prognostic factors. In contrast to previous recognition, the results of the Cox regression showed false-positives for sex and Carcinoembryonic antigen, and underestimated point-estimates in the stage and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage due to competing events. A detailed comparison of treatment revealed that the larger surgical scopes were prognostic risk factors compared with the smaller scope of local tumor excision, partial colectomy, or segmental resection. Patients treated with external proton beam radiotherapy had an increased risk compared with those with no radiotherapy and internal radiotherapy. Conclusions After comparing the results of the two methods and mitigating the significant bias introduced by Cox regression, we found independent factors that really affect the prognosis of ATC. On the other hand, in terms of ATC, a larger surgical scope and external proton beam radiotherapy may not improve the long-term survival of patients. Therefore, when faced with ATC patients, these differences should be noted and treated differently from common colorectal cancer patients. Thus, clinicians are able to give more targeted treatment plans and prognostic assessments.
Phase compensation of MARSIS subsurface sounding data and estimation of ionospheric properties: New insights from SHARAD results

Subsurface radar sounding observations by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) and Shallow Radar (SHARAD) instruments are affected by ionospheric phase distortions that lead to image blurring and delay offsets. Based on experience with SHARAD image correction, we propose that ionospheric blurring in MARSIS radargrams may be compensated with a model of smoothly varying quadratic phase errors along the track. This method yields well‐focused radargrams for geologic interpretation and allows analysis of the validity range for models used to derive total electron content (TEC) from phase distortion terms in previous MARSIS studies. The quadratic term appears to be a good proxy for TEC at solar zenith angles >65° for MARSIS Band 4 (5 MHz) and >75° for Band 3 (4 MHz). Comparison of MARSIS‐ and SHARAD‐derived TEC values from 2007 to 2014 reveals correlations in seasonal behavior and in the characterization of ionospheric activity due to coronal mass ejections. We also present SHARAD and MARSIS evidence for a persistent region of anomalous radar scattering south of Arsia Mons. These echoes have been previously suggested to arise from refraction of the radar signal by electron density variations. There are no strong signatures, however, in the quadratic image compensation term correlated with the anomalous scattering, suggesting either that electron density variations responsible for refracted signal paths occur primarily in regions offset from the spacecraft track or that these density changes have a minimal impact on the integrated phase distortion of the subspacecraft footprint. We suggest observations and analyses to better constrain the mechanism and timing of such echoes.
An Examination of Behavioral Factors Affecting the Investment Decisions: The Moderating Role of Financial Literacy and Mediating Role of Risk Perception

Purpose- This study is conducted to determine the impact of behavioral biases on individuals' investment decisions. The focus is to directly analyze behavioral factors' impact on retail investors' investment decisions, as individuals generally neither have in-depth knowledge nor the expertise to make effective decisions, and they do not understand the behavioral biases affecting their decisions. Study Design/methodology/approach- It is a primary study, and the relationships are developed using structural equation modeling. The respondents of the study are the retail individual security market investors of Pakistan. The instrument's reliability and validity were checked with a small sample before data collection. This study also employs a moderating variable of financial literacy to determine the impact of behavioral biases and financial decisions with the mediation of risk perception. SmartPLS is used to find out the impact. Findings- The results show that moderator financial literacy significantly affects the relationship between behavioral biases and investment decisions. Similarly, the mediation effect of risk perception is also found significant. Except for loss aversion, all the independent variables significantly impacted investment decision-making. The findings of previous studies support the results. Research Implications- This study has incorporated four behavioral biases, which are the most common of these. Hence, the findings can benefit individual investors in making financial decisions by reducing these biases, improving financial literacy, and developing a better understanding of risk. Future researchers may check the impact of other biases and study these for institutional investors. Originality/value- The originality of this study is well-supported by the fact that it is primary research. Most individual investors decide on available fundamental and technical data, ignoring behavioral biases in investment decision-making. Moderated mediation is the missing link addressed in this research.
TA B L E

Introduction. There remains an increasing utilization of internet-based resources as a first line of medical knowledge. Among patients with cardiovascular disease, these resources often are relied upon for numerous diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. However, the reliability of this information is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive profile on the literacy quality, readability, and transparency of publicly available educational resources in cardiology. Methods. x The frequently asked questions and associated online educational articles on common cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic interventions were investigated using publicly available data from the Google RankBrain machine learning algorithm after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Independent raters evaluated questions for Rothwell’s Classification and readability calculations. Results. Collectively, 520 questions and articles were evaluated across 13 cardiac interventions, resulting in 3,120 readability scores. The sources of articles were most frequently from academic institutions followed by commercial sources. Most questions were classified as “Fact” at 76.0% (n = 395), and questions regarding “Technical Details” of each intervention were the most common subclassification at 56.3% (n = 293). Conclusions. Our data show that patients most often are using online search query programs to seek information regarding specific knowledge of each cardiovascular intervention rather than form an evaluation of the intervention. Additionally, these online patient educational resources continue to not meet grade-level reading recommendations.
Boiogito prevents dietary lithocholic acid (LCA)‐induced cholestatic liver injury through the suppression of intestinal LCA absorption

The effects of boiogito (BOT) on liver injury and on the changes in hepatic bile acid induced by dietary and i.p. lithocholic acid (LCA) treatment were examined in mice. Furthermore, we examined whether BOT alters the level of LCA in the cecum and feces after oral LCA loading.
High-resolution, millennial-scale patterns of bed compensation on a sand-rich intraslope submarine fan, western Niger Delta slope

Near-seafloor core and seismic reflection-data from the western Niger Delta continental slope document the facies, architecture, and evolution of submarine channel and intraslope submarine fan deposits. The submarine channel enters an 8-km-long by 8-km-wide intraslope basin, where more than 100 m of deposits form an intraslope submarine fan. Lobe deposits in the intraslope submarine fan show no significant downslope trend in sand presence or grain size, indicating that flows were bypassing sediment through the basin. This unique data set indicates that intraslope lobe deposits may have more sand-rich facies near lobe edges than predicted by traditional lobe facies models, and that thickness patterns in intraslope submarine fans do not necessarily correlate with sand presence and/or quality. Core and radiocarbon age data indicate that sand beds southward during the late Pleistocene, resulting in the compensation of at least two lobe elements. The youngest lobe element is well characterized by core data and is sand rich, ∼2 km wide × 6 km long, and >1 m thick and was deposited rapidly over ∼4000 yr, from 18 to 14 ka. Sand beds forming an earlier lobe element were deposited on the northern part of the fan from ca. 25 to 18 ka. Seafloor geomorphology and amplitudes from seismic reflection data confirm the location and age of these two compensating lobe elements. A third compensation event would have shifted sand deposition back to the northern part of the fan, but sediment supply was interrupted by rapid sea-level rise during Meltwater Pulse 1-A at ca. 14 ka, resulting in abandonment of the depositional system.
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks

Retinal melatonin is involved in the modulation of many important retinal functions. Our previous studies have shown that the viability of photoreceptors and ganglion cells is reduced during aging in mice that lack melatonin receptor type 1. This demonstrates that melatonin signaling is important for the survival of retinal neurons. In the present study, we investigate the effects of aging on photoreceptor physiology and retinal organization in CH3-f + / + mice, a melatonin proficient mouse strain. Our data indicate that the amplitude of the a and b waves of the scotopic and photopic electroretinogram decreases with age. Moreover, the daily rhythm in the amplitude of the a-and b-waves is lost during the aging process. Similarly, the scotopic threshold response is significantly affected by aging, but only when it is measured during the night. Interestingly, the changes observed in the ERGs are not paralleled by relevant changes in retinal morphological features
Unexpected Amanita phalloides-Induced Hematotoxicity—Results from a Retrospective Study

Introduction: Amanita phalloides poisoning is a serious health problem with a mortality rate of 10–40%. Poisonings are characterized by severe liver and kidney toxicity. The effect of Amanita phalloides poisonings on hematological parameters has not been systematically evaluated thus far. Methods: Patients with suspected Amanita phalloides poisonings were retrospectively selected from the hospital database of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG). Medical data—including demographics; liver, kidney, and blood parameters; treatment; and outcomes—were collected. The severity of the poisoning was scored using the poison severity score. Results: Twenty-eight patients were identified who were admitted to the UMCG with suspected Amanita phalloides poisoning between 1994 and 2022. A time-dependent decrease was observed for hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, leukocytes, and platelets. Six out of twenty-eight patients developed acute liver failure (ALF). Patients with ALF showed a higher increase in liver enzymes, international normalized ratios, and PSS compared to patients without ALF. Conversely, hemoglobin and platelet numbers were decreased even further in these patients. Three out of six patients with ALF died and one patient received a liver transplant. Conclusion: Our study shows that Amanita phalloides poisonings may be associated with hematotoxicity in patients. The quantification of hematological parameters is of relevance in intoxicated patients, especially in those with ALF.