Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular evaluation of the chemotherapeutic effect of thymoquinone loaded on gold nanoparticles through expression of DNA repair enzymes in induced oral squamous cell carcinoma

Different types of DNA damages occur during the induced oral carcinogenesis, which can be eliminated through several DNA repair pathways. XRCC1 and ERCC1 are the main repair enzymes involved in repair of oral squamous cell carcinoma. A combination of thymoquinone with gold nanoparticles as a novel chemotherapeutic modality is the aim of the present work against chemically induced SCC in the classic model of HBP/DMBA carcinogenesis. One hundred male Syrian golden hamsters were divided into: Group A: Ten animals (negative control), group B: Ten animals (positive control) painted with DMBA only 3times / week/ 12weeks. The rest of animals were painted with DMBA (3times / week/ 12weeks) then painted and injected intraperitoneal with TQ only, 0.01mg/kg TQ-GNps, 0.001mg/kg TQ-GNps or GNps only for 6- and 12- weeks, intervals. By end of the experiment, both pouches from all groups were surgically excised, fresh samples from each pouch were processed for RT-PCR technique. The rest of the pouches were fixed and processed for H&E evaluation. Loading of thymoquinone on gold nanoparticles was promising chemotherapeutic combination, through regression of well-differentiated SCC (positive control) to dysplasia and enhanced expression of the studied DNA repair enzymes compared to either thymoquinone or gold nanoparticles groups.
Spatial Indicators for Human Activities May Explain the 2015 Fire Hotspot Distribution in Central Kalimantan Indonesia

In recent years, fires regularly and extensively took place in Indonesian forest and peatland, inducing a wide range of environmental and economic impacts, particularly the very bad air quality due to smoke haze and the considerable increase of carbon emissions. The causal relationship between Indonesian fires and human intervention has been widely recognized; however, their spatial relationship is still insufficiently observed. This study examines how well the distribution of fire hotspot can be explained by variables indicating human activities, with a case study in Central Kalimantan Indonesia. This study involves five proxy variables for human activities (land uses, land status, distance to road, distance to settlement, and distance to river), in addition to elevation, slope, and one variable pertaining to the existence of peatland. This study hence provides a model for fire hotspot distribution that would be a valuable approach to identify fire risk distribution and subsequently to support fire control, which is currently the most crucial foundation for the success of peatland restoration program in Indonesia.
New 8-Hydroxyquinoline-Bearing Quinoxaline Derivatives as Effective Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in HCl: Electrochemical and Computational Investigations

There has been substantial research undertaken on the role of green synthesized corrosion inhibitors as a substantial approach to inhibit the corrosion of metals and their alloys in acidic environments. Herein, electrochemical studies, surface characterization, and theoretical modeling were adopted to investigate the corrosion inhibition proprieties of novel synthesized quinoxaline derivatives bearing 8-Hydroxyquinoline, namely 1-((8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl) methyl)-3,6-dimethylquinoxalin-2(1H)-one (Q1) and 1-((8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)methyl) quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (Q2) on mild steel corrosion in 1 mol/L HCl solution. The principal finding of this research was that both inhibitors acted as good corrosion inhibitors with Q1 having the highest performance (96% at 5 × 10−3 mol/L). Electrochemical results obtained via potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques demonstrated that quinoxaline compounds belonged to mixed-type inhibitors; their presence significantly increased the polarization resistance, preventing simultaneously anodic and cathodic reactions. Further, experimental results provided preliminary insights about the interactions mode between studied molecules and the mild steel surface, which followed the Langmuir adsorption model, and physical and chemical interactions assisted their inhibition mechanism. Besides, SEM analyses confirmed the existence of protective film on the metal surface after the addition of 5 × 10−3 mol/L of quinoxalines. In addition, the temperature and immersion time effects on inhibition performances of quinoxalines were investigated to evaluate their performances in different operating conditions. Besides, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to explore the most reactive sites of quinoxaline inhibitors and their interaction mechanism. Theoretical results revealed that the inhibitor molecule with additional electron-donating functional group strongly interacted with the steel surface.
Impaired Tubular Secretion of Organic Solutes in Acute Kidney Injury.

Background Impairment of kidney function is routinely assessed by measuring the accumulation of creatinine, an organic solute cleared largely by glomerular filtration. We tested whether the clearance of solutes that undergo tubular secretion is reduced in proportion to the clearance of creatinine in humans with AKI. Methods Four endogenously produced organic solutes (phenylacetylglutamine [PAG], hippurate [HIPP], indoxyl sulfate [IS], and p-cresol sulfate [PCS]) were measured in spot urine and plasma samples from ten patients with AKI and 17 controls. Fractional clearance relative to creatinine was calculated to assess tubular secretion. Fractional clearance values were calculated in terms of the free, unbound levels of HIPP, IS, and PCS that bind to plasma proteins. Results Fractional clearance values for PAG, HIPP, IS, and PCS were >1.0 in patients with AKI as well as controls, indicating that these solutes were still secreted by the tubules of the injured kidneys. Fractional clearance values were, however, significantly lower in patients with AKI than controls, indicating that kidney injury reduced tubular secretion more than glomerular filtration (AKI versus control: PAG, 2.1±0.7 versus 4.6±1.4, P<0.001; HIPP, 10±5 versus 15±7, P=0.02; IS, 10±6 versus 28±7, P<0.001; PCS, 3.3±1.8 versus 10±3, P<0.001). Free plasma levels rose out of proportion to total plasma levels for each of the bound solutes in AKI, so that calculating their fractional clearance in terms of their total plasma levels failed to reveal their impaired secretion. Conclusions Tubular secretion of organic solutes can be reduced out of proportion to glomerular filtration in AKI. Impaired secretion of protein-bound solutes may be more reliably detected when clearances are expressed in terms of their free, unbound levels in the plasma.
Software-Automatized Individual Lactation Model Fitting, Peak and Persistence and Bayesian Criteria Comparison for Milk Yield Genetic Studies in Murciano-Granadina Goats

SPSS model syntax was defined and used to evaluate the individual performance of 49 linear and non-linear models to fit the lactation curve of 159 Murciano-Granadina goats selected for genotyping analyses. Lactation curve shape, peak and persistence were evaluated for each model using 3107 milk yield controls with an average of 3.78 ± 2.05 lactations per goat. Best fit (Adjusted R2) values (0.47) were reached by the five-parameter logarithmic model of Ali and Schaeffer. Three main possibilities were detected: non-fitting (did not converge), standard (Adjusted R2 over 75%) and atypical curves (Adjusted R2 below 75%). All the goats fitted for 38 models. The ability to fit different possible functional forms for each goat, which progressively increased with the number of parameters comprised in each model, translated into a higher sensitivity to explaining curve shape individual variability. However, for models for which all goats fitted, only moderate increases in explanatory and predictive potential (AIC, AICc or BIC) were found. The Ali and Schaeffer model reported the best fitting results to study the genetic variability behind goat milk yield and perhaps enhance the evaluation of curve parameters as trustable future selection criteria to face the future challenges offered by the goat dairy industry.
Ultrahigh-Temperature Sphalerite from Zn-Cd-Se-Rich Combustion Metamorphic Marbles, Daba Complex, Central Jordan: Paragenesis, Chemistry, and Structure

Minerals of the Zn-Cd-S-Se system that formed by moderately reduced ~800–850 °C combustion metamorphic (CM) alteration of marly sediments were found in marbles from central Jordan. Their precursor sediments contain Se- and Ni-enriched authigenic pyrite and ZnS modifications with high Cd enrichment (up to ~10 wt%) and elevated concentrations of Cu, Sb, Ag, Mo, and Pb. The marbles are composed of calcite, carbonate-fluorapatite, spurrite, and brownmillerite and characterized by high P, Zn, Cd, U, and elevated Se, Ni, V, and Mo contents. Main accessories are either Zn-bearing oxides or sphalerite, greenockite, and Ca-Fe-Ni-Cu-O-S-Se oxychalcogenides. CM alteration lead to compositional homogenization of metamorphic sphalerite, for which trace-element suites become less diverse than in the authigenic ZnS. The CM sphalerites contain up to ~14 wt% Cd and ~6.7 wt% Se but are poor in Fe (means 1.4–2.2 wt%), and bear 100–250 ppm Co, Ni, and Hg. Sphalerite (Zn,Cd,Fe)(S,O,Se)cub is a homogeneous solid solution with a unit cell smaller than in ZnScub as a result of S2− → O2− substitution (a = 5.40852(12) Å, V = 158.211(6) Å3). The amount of lattice-bound oxygen in the CM sphalerite is within the range for synthetic ZnS1−xOx crystals (0 < x ≤ 0.05) growing at 900 °C.
Performance of landscape roses grown with minimal input in the north-central, central, and south-central United States.

Landscape roses (Rosa sp.) are popular flowering shrubs. Consumers are less willing or able to maintain landscape beds than in years past and require plants that are not only attractive, but well-adapted to regional climatic conditions, soil types, and disease and pest pressures. Marketing and distribution of rose cultivars occurs on a national level; therefore, it is difficult for U.S. consumers in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 to identify welladapted, cold-hardy cultivars. Identifying suitable cultivars that have strong genetic resistance to pests and disease and that will tolerate temperature extremes without winter protection in theUSDAPlantHardiness Zones 3 to 5 is of tremendous value to consumers and retailers in northern states. Twenty landscape rose cultivars, primarily developed in north-central North America, were evaluated at five locations in the United States (three in the north-central United States, one in the central United States, and one in the south-central United States) using the lowinput, multiyear Earth-Kind methodology. Six roses had ‡75% plant survival at the end of the study and were in the top 50% of performers for overall mean horticultural rating at each of the three north-central U.S. sites: ‘Lena’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Ole’, ‘Polar Joy’, ‘Sunrise Sunset’, and ‘Sven’. Five of these six roses met the same criteria at the central United States (exception ‘Lena’) and the south-central United States (exception ‘Polar Joy’) sites. Cultivar, rating time, and their interaction were highly significant, and block effects were not significant for horticultural rating for all single-site analyses of variance. Significant positive correlations were found between sites for flower number, flower diameter, and overall horticultural rating. Significant negative correlations were found between flower number and diameter within each site and also between black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) lesion size from a previous study and overall horticultural rating for three of the five sites. Cane survival ratings were not significantly correlated with overall horticultural rating, suggesting some cultivars can experience severe winter cane dieback, yet recover and perform well. Data from this study benefit multiple stakeholders, including nurseries, landscapers, and consumers, with evidence-based regional cultivar recommendations and breeders desiring to identify regionally adapted parents.
Schizophrenia and cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The cancer mortality rate in persons with schizophrenia is higher than it is in the general population. The purpose of this review is to determine why, and to identify solutions. RECENT FINDINGS The recent literature points to three groups of reasons why mortality is high: patient reasons such as nonadherence to treatment, provider reasons such as diagnostic overshadowing, and health system reasons such as a relative lack of collaboration between medicine and psychiatry. Strategies for cancer prevention, early detection, and effective treatment are available but difficult to put into practice because of significant barriers to change, namely poverty, cognitive and volitional deficits, heightened stress, stigma, and side effects of antipsychotic medication. The literature makes recommendations about surmounting these barriers and also offers suggestions with respect to support and palliative care in advanced stages of cancer. Importantly, it offers examples of effective collaboration between mental health and cancer care specialists. SUMMARY The high mortality rate from cancer in the schizophrenia population is a matter of urgent concern. Although reasons are identifiable, solutions remain difficult to implement. As we work toward solutions, quality palliative care at the end of life is required for patients with severe mental illness. VIDEO ABSTRACT:.
Dental topographic analysis of paromomyid (Plesiadapiformes, Primates) cheek teeth: more than 15 million years of changing surfaces and shifting ecologies*

Abstract Plesiadapiforms, appearing near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, represent the first primate radiation and show a diverse array of tooth morphologies. Dental topographic metrics provide quantitative data on occlusal surface shape. We used three metrics, Dirichlet Normal Energy, Relief Index, and 3D Orientation Patch Count Rotated, to assess changes in the morphology of lower fourth premolars and lower second molars in a taxonomically broad sample of one family of plesiadapiforms, Paromomyidae, stretching more than 15 million years. Our results indicate that paromomyids occupied a more diverse range of dietary categories than suspected. Whereas all paromomyids were likely omnivores, some species show higher levels of insectivory, while other taxa are inferred to have been mixed-feeding omnivores with high levels of fruit intake. The results also show that the more primitive members of the different paromomyid lineages were more insectivorous than the derived and more recent members of those lineages. Relief Index values also show taxonomic signals that are consistent with ancestor-descendant relationships hypothesised for species of Phenacolemur. These results suggest that dental topographic metrics are informative to the study of paromomyids for both dietary categorisation and for the distinction of species at a fine taxonomic level.
Antecedents of Luxury Brand Consumption: An Emerging Market Context

With dramatic growth of consumption in Indian market, luxury fashion brands have become a domain of growing interest to marketers, academicians and researchers. The study investigates the psychographic factors influencing luxury brand consumption in Indian context. A quantitative and qualitative study was conducted to fulfil the objectives. For qualitative study, in depth interviews were conducted and broad themes were discussed. A structured questionnaire was administered in Delhi. A sample of 423 respondents was analysed. Using structural equation modelling, the study revealed that hedonic, consumer need for uniqueness, price and quality, ostentation, fashion consciousness motivation influence attitude towards luxury brand consumption. However, the findings suggest that social conformity influence attitude towards luxury brands negatively. The findings can be of use to segment the market and positioning of the luxury brands. The findings can also be of help in formulating advertising campaigns of luxury brands. The research will also contribute in academic literature related to luxury brand consumption.
Mechanisms of Autoreceptor-Mediated Inhibition in Central Monoamine Neurons

By NICHOLAS A. COURTNEY This thesis examined the mechanisms of neurotransmission underlying feedback inhibition mediated by somatodendritic G-protein coupled dopamine D2autoreceptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), noradrenaline α2-autoreceptors in the locus coeruleus (LC), and serotonin 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Local feedback inhibition mediated by these GI-coupled monoamine receptors had been speculated to ubiquitously occur via extended transmitter spillover and obligatory extracellular transmitter pooling. Collectively termed volume transmission, these mechanisms of transmission are presumed to result in a tonic, inhibitory tone that modulates the firing rates of monoaminergic neurons in response to slowly changing extracellular concentrations of monoamines. However, evidence for the volume transmission hypothesis is indirect and relies on measuring bulk extracellular monoamine concentrations and predicting receptor activation based on steady-state affinities and mathematical diffusion modeling. In monoamine neurons, autoreceptors couple to G-protein coupled, inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) through the βγ-subunits of trimetric Gproteins. Activation of somatodendritic autoreceptors by locally released monoamines generates potassium currents that inhibit neuronal excitability. In this
Impact of condom balloon tamponade on the rate of obstetric hysterectomy: a ten-year study

Atony of the uterus is the commonest cause (70-80%) of PPH and as soon as PPH is diagnosed, massage of the uterus, emptying of urinary bladder, uterotonic agents along with resuscitative measures are the essential components of medical management. These measures along with injection tranexamic acid, ruling out retained products, assessing coagulation defects and surgical correction of genital trauma (if any) are the first line intervention for the cause directed management approach.
Identification and characterization of Francisella tularensis proteins required for invasion and escape into non-phagocytic epithelial cells

The potential bioterror agent Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis (F. tularensis) is an intracellular human pathogen and the causative agent of tularemia. As an invasive pathogen, Francisella invades host cells; occupies and escapes membrane bound vacuoles; replicates in the host cytosol; then initiates their release to infect other cells. Tularemia begins when bacteria invade the phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells of the host. While nonphagocytic cell colonization contributes significantly to disease, the process is poorly understood. In this thesis, I identify and characterize key proteins in the invasion and vacuole escape stages of the non-phagocytic cell infection process. In chapter 2, I evaluated Francisella in vitro cell culture infection models present in the literature side-by-side with the model our lab developed using the murine surrogate of F. tularensis, F. tularensis subspecies novicida (F. novicida) and murine cultured hepatocytes. I found compared to other models, our model most accurately reflected colonization levels seen in vivo. In chapter 3 and chapter 4, I investigated bacterial proteins involved in invasion and vacuole escape. I screened a F. novicida transposon mutant library using our infection model for microbes deficient in bacterial replication. Using bioinformatics, I searched for invasion-deficient transposon mutants inactivated in Francisella surface proteins to screen for proteins that could interact with the host cell surface. I then tested ability of selected surface protein mutants to cause tularemia-induced mortality in mice. I showed that bacteria inactivated in two genes caused no disease in mice and protected mice as live-vaccines against a wild-type F. novicida challenge. One gene I identified as Francisella infectivity potentiator A (FipA). I presented evidence that FipA enables bacteria to escape the vacuole using both florescence and electron microscopy. The next gene I identified, characterized, and named Francisella virulence factor A (FvfA). I demonstrated that FvfA is a bacterial surface-exposed ligand that exploits host clathrin-mediated endocytosis for entry using functional assays and dot blots. Lastly, I crystallized FvfA and compared FvfA to its structural homolog, E. coli RcsF. Taken together, I described two virulence factors, FipA and FvfA, that are critical for the initial stages of the Francisella non-phagocytic cell infection process and consequently, tularemia-effected death.
Biosynthesis of silica and copper nanoparticles from Trichoderma, Streptomyces and Pseudomonas spp. evaluated against collar canker and red root-rot disease of tea plants

Abstract Tea is an important beverage with several health benefits to human beings, but increase in tea diseases is of much concern in recent days. Amongst several stem and root diseases of tea plants, Poria hypolateritia causing red root-rot and Phomopsis theae causing Phomopsis canker diseases are very important in terms of heavy crop loss in young as well as mature tea plantations, respectively. In the present study, indigenous biocontrol agents such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were isolated from southern Indian tea soils collected from different agroclimatic regions and subjected to biosynthesis of copper and silica nanoparticles. Copper and silica nanoparticles were produced using selected indigenous biocontrol agents such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma atroviride and Streptomyces griseus and then characterise for their nature, size, shape, elemental analysis, distribution and functional groups. The results showed that copper and silica nanoparticles were inhibited the growth of P. hypolateritia and P. theae. Nanocopper and nanosilica were subjected to prepare various nanoformulations using suitable inert and eco-friendly carrier materials. Toxicity of nanoformulations was done using zebrafish model. It was confirmed that there was no toxicity of nanocopper and nanosilica when exposed to 0.5, 3 and 30 µg concentrations in terms of viability percentage of embryo, hatching rate, body mass index and heartbeat counts. The present investigation could be a novel approach for the management of root and stem diseases in tea plantations which in turn useful to enhance tea quality parameters.
The Challenges Confronting the Delivery of Training and Development Programs in Saudi Arabia: A Critical Review of Research

This research aims to identify the challenges confronting the delivery of training and development in the context of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is a country which is currently in a transformational phase, triggered by domestic factors like Vision 2030 and global factors. Through a process known as Saudization, the government of Saudi Arabia seeks to improve the quality of human resource in the country and provide the maximum opportunities to its youth that constitutes a significant part of its population. To this end, the government is heavily investing in training and development programs and the education sector. This study collects secondary data from government documents, databases, articles, reports, books, and previous studies undertaken by the government to measure the effectiveness of its training and development programs. Various findings have been summarised from the perspective of challenges confronting the delivery of training and development programs in Saudi Arabia.