Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edinburgh Research Explorer A Comparative Quality Evaluation of PBSMT and NMT using Professional Translators

This paper reports on a comparative evaluation of phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) and neural machine translation (NMT) for four language pairs, using the PET interface to compare educational domain output from both systems using a variety of metrics, including automatic evaluation as well as human rankings of adequacy and ﬂuency, error-type markup, and post-editing (technical and temporal) effort, performed by professional translators. Our results show a preference for NMT in side-by-side ranking for all language pairs, texts, and segment lengths. In addition, perceived ﬂuency is improved and annotated errors are fewer in the NMT output. Results are mixed for perceived adequacy and for errors of omission, addition, and mistranslation. Despite far fewer segments requiring post-editing, document-level post-editing performance was not found to have signiﬁcantly improved in NMT compared to PBSMT. This evaluation was conducted as part of the TraMOOC project, which aims to create a replicable semi-automated methodology for high-quality machine translation of educational data.
Accuracy in Perceptions of Fundamental Social Motives: Comparisons to Perceptions of Big Five Traits and Associations With Friendship Quality

Accurately perceiving others’ personalities helps people to successfully navigate their social relationships. However, it is not yet clear whether people can accurately perceive one aspect of people’s personalities that may be especially important to understand: motivations. Using the fundamental social motives framework, we examined the extent to which people accurately perceived a friend’s motivations (vs. big five traits) and how this was related to friendship quality. A sample of friend dyads completed both self- and friend-assessments of the big five traits and the fundamental motives, and rated friendship quality. Perceivers accurately detected their friend’s unique, self-reported ordering of motives (i.e., distinctive accuracy), though to a lesser extent than traits. However, accuracy for motives and traits was positively associated with greater friendship quality to a similar extent. Importantly, these associations emerged above and beyond tendencies to view others highly normatively, as socially desirable, and as similar to the self.
An Improved Deep Neural Network for Classification of Plant Seedling Images

This scientific pursuit aimed to develop a deep learning architecture tailored to classify plant seedling images. Our architecture encompasses seven learned layers - five convolutions and two fully connected. We performed full training on the network using 4, 234 plant seedling images belonging to twelve plant species from Aarhus University Signal Processing group. The system is fine-tuned for the architecture to have greater processing time and low memory consumption. The architecture was evaluated using different network parameters. Furthermore, we used training loss function, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to evaluate the system performance. Experimental results proved that the developed architecture has reached excellent performance with overall accuracy of 90.15%. Results were achieved in 111 minutes and 36 seconds. Future work includes, first, use the model with greater amount of datasets through data augmentation and compare the results to other existing deep learning architectures using same datasets. Second, authors will consider CNN and RNN architectures together using several other plant datasets. Third, create a portable mobile application for plant seedling images classification utilizing the developed model.
Phased Treatment Strategies for Cerebral Ischemia Based on Glutamate Receptors

Extracellular glutamate accumulation following cerebral ischemia leads to overactivation of glutamate receptors, thereby resulting in intracellular Ca2+ overload and excitotoxic neuronal injury. Multiple attempts have been made to counteract such effects by reducing glutamate receptor function, but none have been successful. In this minireview, we present the available evidence regarding the role of all types of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in cerebral ischemia and propose phased treatment strategies based on glutamate receptors in both the acute and post-acute phases of cerebral ischemia, which may help realize the clinical application of glutamate receptor antagonists.
Online map-matching based on Hidden Markov model for real-time traffic sensing applications

In many Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications that crowd-source data from probe vehicles, a crucial step is to accurately map the GPS trajectories to the road network in real time. This process, known as mapmatching, often needs to account for noise and sparseness of the data because (1) highly precise GPS traces are rarely available, and (2) dense trajectories are costly to obtain (over live transmission) and store. We propose an online map-matching algorithm based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that is robust to noise and sparseness. We focused on three improvements over existing HMM-based algorithms: (1) the use of an optimal localizing strategy, the variable sliding window (VSW) method, that guarantees the solution quality under uncertain future inputs, (2) the novel combination of spatial, temporal and topological information using machine learning, and (3) the evaluation of accuracy using ground truth data collected in rural and urban environments. Our work is also the first to evaluate mapmatching performance using both the accuracy and output delay criteria. In our tests on ground truth data, VSW outperformed the fixed sliding window method in terms of both accuracy and output delay. Our results suggest that it is viable for low-latency applications such as traffic sensing.
FINGERPRINTING CODES AND THE PRICE OF APPROXIMATE DIFFERENTIAL PRIVACY∗

We show new information-theoretic lower bounds on the sample complexity of (ε, δ)differentially private algorithms that accurately answer large sets of counting queries. A counting query on a database D ∈ ({0, 1}d)n has the form “What fraction of the individual records in the database satisfy the property q? ” We show that in order to answer an arbitrary set Q of d/α2 counting queries on D to within error ±α it is necessary that n ≥ Ω̃( √ d log |Q|/α2ε). This bound is optimal up to polylogarithmic factors, as demonstrated by the private multiplicative weights algorithm (Hardt and Rothblum, FOCS’10). In particular, our lower bound is the first to show that the sample complexity required for accuracy and (ε, δ)-differential privacy is asymptotically larger than what is required merely for accuracy, which is O(log |Q|/α2). In addition, we show that our lower bound holds for the specific case of k-way marginal queries (where |Q| = 2k (d k ) ) when α is not too small compared to d (e.g., when α is any fixed constant). Our results rely on the existence of short fingerprinting codes (Boneh and Shaw, CRYPTO’95; Tardos, STOC’03), which we show are closely connected to the sample complexity of differentially private data release. We also give a new method for combining certain types of sample-complexity lower bounds into stronger lower bounds.
Decentralized Control Method for Modular Multilevel Converters

A decentralized control method for power module (PM) capacitor voltage and switching frequency balancing in modular multilevel converter is presented in this paper. The proposed method is composed of a central controller, six arm controllers, and several group controllers. The group controller is only in charge of the PM capacitor voltage balancing within a corresponding group, and the arm controller is in charge of the PM capacitor voltage balancing and PM switching frequency balancing among groups within an arm. A control method based on a PI controller using the average PM capacitor voltage of each group to keep voltage balancing among groups is proposed. A dynamically adjusted extra exchange number strategy based on the voltage difference of each group is also developed to balance the PM switching frequency among groups. The key advantages of the proposed method are the reduction in the number of the PM capacitor voltages that need to be transmitted and sorted in each group controller as well as the reduction of the communication burden between the group and arm controllers. The proposed method is also highly effective under PM faults. The voltage ripple factor and the PM switching frequency of the proposed method are almost identical to the conventional centralized methods. The RT-LAB-based real-time control hardware in the loop test results of a ±350 kV/1000 MW MMC system verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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We present an application of back-propagation networks to handwritten digit recognition. Minimal preprocessing of the data was required, but architecture of the network was highly constrained and specifically designed for the task. The input of the network consists of normalized images of isolated digits. The method has 1 % error rate and about a 9% reject rate on zipcode digits provided by the U.S. Postal Service.
Myocardial differentiation is dependent upon endocardial signaling during early cardiogenesis in vitro

ABSTRACT The endocardium interacts with the myocardium to promote proliferation and morphogenesis during the later stages of heart development. However, the role of the endocardium in early cardiac ontogeny remains under-explored. Given the shared origin, subsequent juxtaposition, and essential cell-cell interactions of endocardial and myocardial cells throughout heart development, we hypothesized that paracrine signaling from the endocardium to the myocardium is crucial for initiating early differentiation of myocardial cells. To test this, we generated an in vitro, endocardial-specific ablation model using the diphtheria toxin receptor under the regulatory elements of the Nfatc1 genomic locus (NFATc1-DTR). Early treatment of NFATc1-DTR mouse embryoid bodies with diphtheria toxin efficiently ablated endocardial cells, which significantly attenuated the percentage of beating EBs in culture and expression of early and late myocardial differentiation markers. The addition of Bmp2 during endocardial ablation partially rescued myocyte differentiation, maturation and function. Therefore, we conclude that early stages of myocardial differentiation rely on endocardial paracrine signaling mediated in part by Bmp2. Our findings provide novel insight into early endocardial-myocardial interactions that can be explored to promote early myocardial development and growth. Highlighted Article: Interaction between endocardial cells and cardiomyocytes during the initial stages of in vitro cardiac differentiation promotes myocardial differentiation and maturation through the BMP signaling pathway.
Symmetric Extendable Ultra High Step-Up Non-Isolated DC-DC Converter

In this paper a high step up non isolated DC-DC converter with extendable topology is proposed. This converter is symmetric and by using this structure it can be possible to achieve high voltage gain in low duty cycle range. This converter consists of m + n+ 2 Active Passive Inductor Cell (APIC) and a Voltage Multiplier Cell (VMC). In addition to increasing voltage gain, the VMC decreases voltage stress on the switches and diodes. Operational modes and steady state analysis of proposed converter will be discussed completely, also voltage gain and voltage stress on the switches and diodes will be formulated. Different components will be designed for example output capacitor will be designed in order to decrease output voltage ripple. Voltage gain and voltage stress on the switches will be compared with related structure to illustrate advantages of proposed converter. In order to verify theoretical analysis of proposed converter will be simulated in PSCAD and results of this simulation will be analyzed completely. In this simulation input voltage is equal to 20V and provides 500 W power in output
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) ORF3 Interactome Reveals Inhibition of Virus Replication by Cellular VPS36 Protein

The accessory protein ORF3 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been proposed to play a key role in virus replication. However, our understanding of its function regarding virus and host interaction is still limited. In this study, we employed immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to screen for cellular interacting partners of ORF3. Gene ontology analysis of the host interactome highlighted the involvement of ORF3 in endosomal and immune signaling pathways. Among the identified ORF3-interacting proteins, the vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 (VPS36) was assessed for its role in PEDV replication. VPS36 was found to interact with ORF3 regardless of its GLUE domain. As a result of VPS36–ORF3 interaction, PEDV replication was substantially suppressed in cells overexpressing VPS36. Interestingly, the ORF3 protein expression was diminished in VPS36-overexpressing cells, an effect that could not be restored by treatment of lysosomal inhibitors. In addition, disruption of endogenously-expressed VPS36 by siRNA could partially augment PEDV replication. Taken together, our study provides mechanistic insights into the contribution of ORF3 in PEDV replication.
Ishemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation by Analyzing MRI Images Using Dilated and Transposed Convolutions in Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolution Neural Networks(CNN/ConvNet) have raised the standard of semantic segmentation and is approaching human accuracy. Improvements in CNN architectures have led to wide spread adaptation of CNN in solving medical imaging problems. Automatic detection of various tumors through MRI Imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans have very large scale impacts on healthcare sector. An encoder-decoder CNN with dilated convolution for ishemic lesion segmentation task is implemented and evaluated. The dice score and jacard score achieved are 0.85 ad 0.78 respectively
The efficacy of pelvic arterial embolisation for the treatment in massive vaginal haemorrhage in obstetric and gynaecological emergencies: a single-centre experience

Abstract This study aimed to identify the role, efficacy and safety of pelvic arterial embolisation (PAE) in the management of massive vaginal haemorrhage occurring in 25 patients with obstetric and gynaecological emergencies where bleeding could not be controlled by conservative treatment methods. Nine of the cases had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and eight were haemodynamically unstable. PAE was successful in 23 of 25 patients without any major complication. Vascular blush was the most common (100%) angiographic finding. Active extravasation was observed in 9 of 25 of the cases. Permanent embolic agents including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles or N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) were used in all cases. Technical success in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and in patients who were haemodynamically unstable were 9 of 11 and 6 of 8 cases, respectively. PAE was successful in all seven patients who had hysterectomy before PAE. PAE is a safe and effective alternative to surgical hysterectomy in obstetric and gynaecological emergencies when conservative management failed to control haemorrhage. It is an effective treatment option in cases of coagulation impairment and when bleeding cannot be controlled despite hysterectomy. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most patients with PPH are treated conservatively but where this approach fails, hysterectomy is the standard option with loss of reproductive ability. During the past 20 years, pelvic arterial embolisation (PAE) has emerged as a safe, effective and preferred minimally invasive technique in most tertiary centres as an alternative to surgical treatments including hypogastric artery ligation and hysterectomy. The reported success rate of PAE using temporary and permanent embolic agents is 75–90% in cases of massive vaginal bleeding due to obstetric and gynaecological reasons. What the results of this study add? PAE showed high success rate in patients with coagulation disorders and in haemodynamically unstable patients. Permanent embolic agents such as polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVAs) or, N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) should be used for embolisation in coagulation disorders or haemodynamic instability. The most important advantage of NBCA is that the embolisation effect occurs independently of the inherent coagulation cascade. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? PAE is an effective and minimally invasive treatment option in cases of coagulopathy and in patients with bleeding that cannot be controlled despite hysterectomy. Our results suggest that haemodynamic instability and DIC should not be considered a contraindication for PAE. Embolic agent selection and the long-term effects of permanent embolic agents on fertilisation is an important issue requiring further investigation.
Digital Dual-Channel K-Band Microwave Radiometer: Architecture and Measurement Results

This paper presents a digital dual-channel passive microwave radiometer operating in the K-band. The radiometer is based on commercial satellite communication low-noise block converters, which possess an analog bandwidth of 1 GHz. An external reference clock distribution is employed to ensure channel coherence. The digital design achieves a bandwidth of 614.4 MHz with a 14-bit ADC resolution. Up to 4 GB of complex valued dual-channel time domain data can be captured and stored. Power measurements can be performed using a field programmable gate array, ensuring real-time responsivity. Phase delay, correlation and sensitivity measurements were conducted with this setup and the results show good agreement with the expected theoretical outcomes.
Backup or Reliability Improvement Strategy for a Manufacturer Facing Heterogeneous Consumers in a Dynamic Supply Chain

This paper examines a manufacturer’s supply management strategies for mitigating yield risk in a complex dynamic supply chain. Two strategies can be adopted for the manufacturer: backup and reliability improvement. Consumers may select to leave (instant consumers) or wait (delaying consumers) when they confront the manufacturer’s insufficient inventory. Utilizing the method of multi-agent modeling, a manufacturer and a supplier are modeled as the intelligent agents with the reinforcement learning behavior. The study shows that: 1) when the number of instant consumers is small, reliability improvement strategy should be selected; otherwise, the manufacturer should adopt a backup strategy; 2) only when mean yield is large enough, reliability improvement strategy is the optimal choice; and 3) if yield uncertainty is small, the manufacturer should choose reliability improvement strategy; otherwise, it is suitable to use a backup strategy. In addition, when the main supplier can determine its own wholesale price, it is found that: 1) when the mean yield is small, a lower wholesale price should be designed for the main supplier, to induce higher order quantity under backup strategy; and 2) the impact of yield uncertainty on the manufacturer’s supply management strategy can be changed by the main supplier’s adaptive pricing behavior.
Protein Kinase C δ Regulates the Depletion of Actin at the Immunological Synapse Required for Polarized Exosome Secretion by T Cells

Multivesicular bodies (MVB) are endocytic compartments that enclose intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) formed by inward budding from the limiting membrane of endosomes. In T lymphocytes, ILVs are secreted as Fas ligand-bearing, pro-apoptotic exosomes following T cell receptor (TCR)-induced fusion of MVB with the plasma membrane at the immune synapse (IS). In this study we show that protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), a novel PKC isotype activated by diacylglycerol (DAG), regulates TCR-controlled MVB polarization toward the IS and exosome secretion. Concomitantly, we demonstrate that PKCδ-interfered T lymphocytes are defective in activation-induced cell death. Using a DAG sensor based on the C1 DAG-binding domain of PKCδ and a GFP-PKCδ chimera, we reveal that T lymphocyte activation enhances DAG levels at the MVB endomembranes which mediates the association of PKCδ to MVB. Spatiotemporal reorganization of F-actin at the IS is inhibited in PKCδ-interfered T lymphocytes. Therefore, we propose PKCδ as a DAG effector that regulates the actin reorganization necessary for MVB traffic and exosome secretion.
Stress Experiences and Mental Health of Pregnant Women: The Mediating Role of Social Support

Abstract Stress in pregnancy is an exceedingly common issue that impacts the mother’s mental health and the health of her baby. Yet, women with a supportive network of friends and family may experience lower stress and improved mental health. Therefore, the aims of this secondary analysis were to (a) examine relationships between stress experiences (i.e. perceived stress, pregnancy-specific stress) and indicators of mental health (i.e. absence of depressive symptoms and resourcefulness), (b) determine the effects of social support on stress experiences and indicators of mental health, and (c) determine if social support mediates the relationship between stress experiences and indicators of mental health. A convenience sample of 82 women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy participated in the parent study. Findings indicate that stress experiences were moderately correlated with indicators of mental health and social support predicted stress experiences and indicators of mental health. All social support mediation models were not significant with the exception of social support mediating the relationship between pregnancy-specific stress and resourcefulness. This was the first study to investigate the mediating role of social support on the relationship between pregnancy-specific stress and resourcefulness. Pregnant women may benefit from social support interventions to meaningfully reduce their stress and promote mental health. Such interventions may be physical activity, group prenatal care, or even peripartum home visits.
Biomarkers in Pneumonia—Beyond Procalcitonin

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide and one of the most common lower respiratory tract infections that is contributing significantly to the burden of antibiotic consumption. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, it is widely accepted that clinical diagnosis and prognosis are inadequate for the accurate assessment of the severity of the disease. The most challenging task for a physician is the risk stratification of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Herein, early diagnosis is essential in order to reduce hospitalization and mortality. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein remain the most widely used biomarkers, while interleukin 6 has been of particular interest in the literature. However, none of them appear to be ideal, and the search for novel biomarkers that will most sufficiently predict the severity and treatment response in pneumonia has lately intensified. Although our insight has significantly increased over the last years, a translational approach with the application of genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and proteomics is required to better understand the disease. In this review, we discuss this rapidly evolving area and summarize the application of novel biomarkers that appear to be promising for the accurate diagnosis and risk stratification of pneumonia.