Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Energy and Protein Requirements of Yellowtail: A Winter-based Assessment at the Optimum Feeding Frequency

This study was conducted to determine the energy and protein requirements of yellowtail to op timize feeding levels during the winter season when they have comparatively low feeding activity. Two feeding experiments were conducted during the winters of two subsequent years in net cages located in different environmental conditions at Mie and Nagasaki prefectures, Japan. At both the locations, com mercial soft-dry pellets (SDP) with known digestible energy (DE) and protein (DP) values were fed to 4 groups of fish at satiation levels for 5, 3, 2, and 1 time(s) per week. In the first experiment, feeding either 2 or 3 times per week produced the best growth of fish in Mie prefecture while in Nagasaki prefecture these rations gave the most efficient whole body energy and pro tein retention. The daily feeding rates (DFR) for the respective feeding frequencies were 2.5-3.7% and 1.3-1.6% in Mie and Nagasaki prefectures. Based on this data, the daily DE and DP requirements per kg body weight for a maximum growth were 43.1-45.1 kcal (180-187 kJ) and 4.0-4.2 gin Mie and for maintenance of body energy and nitrogen balance 18.5-23.0 kcal (77-96 kJ) and 1.7-2.1 gin Nagasaki. In the second experiment, in both the prefectures the fish fed 3 times per week showed higher growth and feed gain ratios, closely followed by the fish fed 2 times. DFR for these feeding frequencies were almost similar to those obtained in Expt. -I; 2.0% for Mie and 1.2% for Nagasaki fish. The daily DE and DP requirements per kg body weight for a maximum growth were 36.1 kcal (151 kJ) and 3.6 g in Mie and 21.0 kcal (88 kJ) and 2.1 g in Nagasaki. The differences between the two locations were postulated to be due to the disparity in feed intake which was governed by water temperature.
Baiting effects of 17 Chinese medicinal plants on Brachydanio rerio.

The study aimed to discuss baiting effects of 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants on Brachydanio rerio.With 100 fish of Brachydanio rerio as tested objects,the average length of the 100 fish was 3.5 cm.Cinnamomum cassia,Mentha canadensis,Eugenia aromaticum,Coptis chinensis,Phellodendron amurense,Scutellaria baicalensis,star anise,Kaempferia galanga,Prunus mume,Magnolia sinensis,Terminalia chebula meat,Sophora flavescens,Polygonum cuspidatum,Rhizoma polygonatum,Astragalus membranaceus,Forsythia suspense and red jujube were selected baits.Added amount of the basic diet was 2%. Migong experiments recorded the times of Tinca tinca going into the inducing room and the times of Tinca tinca biting the fish ball.The water temperature was 24 to 26 ℃ during the whole experiment.The results showed that in 17 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants,Polygonum cuspidatum,star anise,Mentha canadensis,Astragalus membranaceus,Forsythia suspense,Cinnamomum cassia,Coptis chinensis and red jujube all had significantly baiting effects on Brachydanio rerio.Then,4 kinds of Chinese medicinal plants that had better baiting effects were chosen for the gradient experiment.2.0% Polygonum cuspidatum,1.0% Mentha canadensis,2.0% star anise and 3.0% Astragalus membranaceus had the best baiting effects.1.0% Polygonum cuspidatum and 1.0% star anise had the best inducing effect among the mixtures.And baiting effect is ralated to the kinds and concentrations of Chinese medicinal plants.
Pill-millipedes (Glomerida, Diplopoda) in Taiwan

The order Glomerida is represented in Taiwan by five species in two genera, two subfamilies and one family. All species, as well as one genus and one subfamily, seem to be endemic to Taiwan. Among the species, Mauriesia splendida sp. nov. belongs in a new genus, Mauriesia gen. nov., which in its turn represents a new subfamily, Mauriesiinae subfam. nov., the latter differing strikingly from the remaining three subfamilies of Glomeridae both in the presence of a caudomedian lobule on the male pygidium and in telopod stoutness and conformation. Four further species belong to the large, basically Asian genus Hyleoglomeris Verhoeff, 1910: H. aurata sp. nov., H. sinuata sp. nov., H. proximata sp. nov. and H. vittata Verhoeff, 1929. A key is provided to all of the species of Glomerida in Taiwan, and their distributions are mapped and discussed.
Ecology of Hector's dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori): Quantifying diet and investigating habitat selection at Banks Peninsula

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. viii LIST OF TABLES. xi LIST OF FIGURES. xii CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 HECTOR’S DOLPHIN . 1 1.1.1 Distribution and abundance . 1 1.1.2 Ecology . 1 1.1.3 Conservation . 2 1.2 STUDYING DIET . 4 1.2.1 Approaches to studying diet . 4 1.2.2 Introducing stomach content analysis . 7 1.2. 3 Introducing stable isotope analysis . 8 1.3 STUDYING HABITAT SELECTION . 10 1.3. 1 Definition and importance . 10 1.3. 2 Approaches to studying habitat selection . 11 1.3. 3 Habitat selection of small cetaceans . 14 1.4 THESIS GOALS AND OUTLINE . 15 CHAPTER 2 STOMACH CONTENT ANALYSIS . 18 2.1 INTRODUCTION . 18 2.2 METHODS . 20 2.2.1 Sample collection . 20 2.2.2 Stomach analysis . 20 2.2. 3 Data analysis . 21 2.2. 4 Diet variability . 22
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AVOCADO OILS

Avocado oil is rich in bioactive compounds, which can improve human health by acting as an antioxidant. It may be extracted from different varieties of avocado, such as Margarida and Hass varieties, each of them with particular characteristics. Aiming to evaluate the differences between them, avocado fruits and pulps from these were analyzed according to their physicochemical characteristics. After extracted, the oils had their bioactive characteristics studied and rheological behavior determined through a rotational rheometer. They were then compared to commercial avocado oil. The fruits of Margarida variety had greater size, higher weight (664.51 g), and higher pulp yield (72.19%) than Hass variety, which showed higher lipid content (65.29 g/100 g dry basis). The commercial oil showed less primary oxidative degradation, whereas Margarida variety had a lower level of secondary degradation products as well as a higher content of bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols (999.60 mg/kg) and tocopherols (36.73 mg/kg). The rheological behaviors of both oils were appropriately described through Newton model, with R2 g 0.999 for all temperatures. By an Arrhenius type equation, it was verified that Hass's rheological parameters are more influenced by temperature than Margarida and commercial oil, presenting activation energy of 33.6 kJ/mol.
Nutrient management in small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum).

C the “Queen of Spices” is native to evergreen Western Ghats of India and one of the most valuable spices in the world. Indian cardamom is known for its luxuriant green colour with good aroma quality, which was internationally accepted. The cardamom oil is found to be anti microbial in nature and hence used in mouth fresheners and confectioneries. Currently it is being grown in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and parts of Sikkim in India. The production and productivity of cardamom is gradually declining in certain tracts of cardamom cultivation. The reasons are so many, yet, nutrient deficiency accounts to a greater extent. Deficiencies of nutrients in plants have various visual symptoms. The most common deficiency symptom is reduced growth, which is difficult to detect and diagnose at a glance. Other visual symptoms usually involve changes in coloration following a specific pattern, such as from the leaf tip down the midrib towards the base of the leaf or from the leaf margin toward the midrib or between the veins of the leaf. Such symptoms may appear in new leaves or old leaves, indicating the phloem-mobility of the deficient nutrient and the ability of the plant to translocate existing stocks of the deficient nutrient. In many cases, internodal distances will shorten as well (Korikanthimath, 1994). Many nutrient deficiency symptoms are ambiguous unless they are well-developed, and a visual diagnosis can be regarded as an educated guess until tissue samples are gathered and chemical analyses are used to compare elemental composition with healthy leaf tissue. In fact, many types of environmental and management damage can masquerade as visual nutrient deficiency symptoms. Role of different nutrient elements on growth, yield and quality of small cardamom : Good plant growth, yield and capsule quality depend on an adequate supply of all the nutrients through out growth. A deficiency of any one of them will affect the cardamom yields detrimentally. As visual symptoms of deficiencies tend to mask one another, it is be difficult to diagnose the actual problem. The descriptions of the more common deficiency symptoms are given below which would assist in making the correct diagnosis and allow timely action to be taken (Khader and Sayed, 1977).
Phenotypic stability for fruit yield and its components in rainy season brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) of Chhattisgarh plains.

Seven open pollinated genotypes of long brinjal were evaluated in three environments under rainy season and irrigated situations for Chhattisgarh plains. Data analyzed for stability parameters and highly significant mean squares were observed for genotypes, genotype x environment interaction and environment (linear). IBWl-2007-1 was the most stable genotype under irrigated condition of Chhattisgarh plains for kharif planting situations as it had high mean, regression coefficient not deviated from unity and non significant deviation from regression. Whereas, a local genotypes was suitable for fruit yield under low yielding environment.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on baby corn–rice cropping system:economic yield, system productivity, nutrient-use efficiency and soil nutrient balance

The study was conducted to estimate the nutrient-use efficiency and soil nutrient balance of integrated nutrient management, five combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. Both partial factor productivity and agronomicuse efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded maximum in F (70% RD of NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 30% N through FYM), F 2 3 (70% RD of NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 30% N through vermicompost) and F (recommended dose (RD) of NPK (150:26:33) through fertilizers), respectively. Apparently recovery efficiency for N and K was highest in F 1 1 , whereas P in F 3 . Physiological-use efficiency (PFP) was highest in F and treatment. INM showed actual N gain but apparent N losses. Maximum actual N gain was recorded where nutrients were applied through equal proportion (50:50) of organic and inorganic sources. Similar trend was recorded for actual and apparent P loss/gain as recorded for N. Results showed losses in actual K but gain in apparent K for all the treatments. 3 , followed by F 1
Conspiracy in Senior School Mathematics.

Research across five countries has identified inability to pay attention to mathematical detail – the discipline of noticing – is an issue in senior secondary school mathematics teachers. The test and questionnaire completed by an Australian cohort further identifies a reluctance to employ non-routine questions in assessments, with teachers concerned about damaging the trust relationship they enjoy with their students. As teachers fail to demonstrate strong ability in non-routine written test questions themselves, this paper questions whether there exists a ‘conspiracy’ between teachers and their students to avoid scrutiny of conceptual understanding.
Gestion de la variation de la qualité des sols par les agriculteurs : enjeux pour la rentabilité et la durabilité des exploitations agricoles françaises

Gestion de la variation de la qualite des sols par les agriculteurs : enjeux pour la rentabilite et la durabilite des exploitations agricoles francaisesLa qualite des sols constitue un enjeu majeur en termes d’environnement et de preservation du potentiel agronomique et economique des exploitations agricoles. Les pratiques agricoles ont des impacts sur la qualite des sols, dont certains entrainent une degradation des sols et menent a une reduction de leur productivite. La these a pour objectif de caracteriser et d'eclairer les enjeux economiques de moyen et long terme de la variation de la qualite des sols en mobilisant des outils theoriques, statistiques et empiriques. Nous tentons, en simulant differents scenarios economiques, d’identifier les leviers permettant de preserver le potentiel des sols. Nous utilisons un modele dynamique de controle optimal ou l'agent-agriculteur rationnel maximise son profit dans le temps sous contrainte de la dynamique de la qualite des sols.Il y a deux facteurs de production : les intrants productifs (tels les engrais mineraux azotes) et la qualite du sol, capturee par sa matiere organique (MO). La qualite du sol est impactee par les intrants productifs utilises par l'agriculteur, qui peut investir dans la qualite de ses sols via l'utilisation des residus de culture, l'intensite de labour et les choix des rotations. Nos resultats montrent que l'investissement dans la qualite des sols fait partie d'une strategie optimale de l'agriculteur qui, face a l'augmentation des prix des engrais et de l'energie, substitue ainsi les fonctionnalites
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE WESTERN FENCE LIZARD (SCELOPORUS OCCIDENTALIS) FOR THE LYME DISEASE SPIROCHETE, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI

The Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is a major host of juvenile stages of the Western Black-legged Tick (Ixodes pacificus), which is the vector for the Lyme disease causative spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi in the western United States. Because S. occidentalis is reservoir incompetent and capable of eliminating spirochetes from infected ticks, it has been implicated as a major factor in the ecology of Lyme disease in the West. Although complement proteins in lizard blood have been established as the borreliacidal factor, no studies have examined intraspecific variability in host lizard borreliacidal capacity. In Chapter 1 of this thesis, we introduce the complexity of the Borrelia burgdorferi transmission cycle and it's implications for transmission risk. In Chapter 2 we tested the hypothesis that host lizard physiological condition impacts their borreliacidal capacity. Blood plasma of lizards in varying physiological conditions was challenged against cultured B. burgdorferi, and the complement-mediated inactivation of spirochetes was quantified. Adult lizards had higher bactericidal activity than first-year juveniles, suggesting that complement-mediated inactivation develops with maturity and/or exposure to spirochete antigens. Also, bactericidal activity was positively associated with lizard tick load and body condition. Adult lizard sex did not significantly affect spirochete mortality. Lizards from an inland site with little exposure to ticks had higher bactericidal activity than lizards from a coastal population that is heavily parasitized by ticks. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Arboviruses of Human Health significance in Kenya

In tropical and developing countries, arboviruses cause emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. The East African region has experienced several outbreaks of Rift valley fever virus, Dengue virus, Chikungunya virus and Yellow fever virus. In Kenya, data from serological studies and mosquito isolation studies have shown a wide distribution of arboviruses throughout the country, implying the potential risk of these viruses to local public health. However, current estimates on circulating arboviruses in the country are largely underestimated due to lack of continuous and reliable countrywide surveillance and reporting systems on arboviruses and disease vectors and the lack of proper clinical screening methods and modern facilities. In this review, we discuss arboviruses of human health importance in Kenya by outlining the arboviruses that have caused outbreaks in the country, alongside those that have only been detected from various serological studies performed. Based on our analysis, at the end we provide workable technical and policy-wise recommendations for management of arboviruses and arboviral vectors in Kenya.
Additive and additive-by-additive genetic variability of productive traits in laying hens

The additive and additive-by-additive genetic variance components of productive traits in two strains of laying hens were estimated. A total of 8035 individuals (base and recorded) from eleven generations were included in the analysis. Body weight, age at sexual maturity, average egg weight and initial egg production were considered. Before the estimation of the variance component, modeling of fixed effects (generation and hatch period) and covariables were performed. The data were transformed by use of the Box-Cox method. The DFREML algorithm under a single trait animal model was employed. It was concluded that additive-by-additive epistasis effects are not important for the studied performance traits. The results also indicate that deviations from normality influence the magnitude of variance component estimates in a highly indirect manner. This leads to an increase of heritability estimates.
Wildfire Dynamics and Occasional Precipitation during Active Fire Season in Tropical Lowland of Nepal

Occasional precipitation plays a vital role in reducing the effect of wildfire. This precipitation is especially important for countries like Nepal, where wildfires are a common seasonal event. Approximately 0.1 million hectare of forest area is affected annually due to wildfires in active fire season. The study on the relation of these forms of occasional precipitation with wildfire incidence is still lacking. This research was objectively carried out to examine the correlation of occasional precipitation with wildfire incidence and burnt area. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spector-Radiometer (MODIS) satellite images and precipitation records for 15 years gathered from Department of Hydrology and Metrology were used as input data for this study. The images were analyzed by using ArcGIS function while the precipitation records were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) program. The linear regression model was applied to find correlation of occasional precipitation with wildfire incidence and burnt area. Analysis revealed decreasing trend of precipitation in study area. We found significant correlation (p<0.05) of precipitation with wildfire incidence and burnt area. Findings will be useful for policy makers, implementers and researchers to manage wildfire in sustainable basis
A Morphological Study on the Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and Macrophages during Follicular Atresia in Pig Ovary

It is known widely that granulosa cell apoptosis leads follicular atresia and macrophages exert their effects directly and/or indirectly from the initiation to the completion of follicular atresia by phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies and secretion of various cytokines. However, the site of initiation, propagation routes and the elimination methods of apoptotic bodies, and the time and methods of penetration of macrophages into the follicles are not known completely. Using pig(Yorkshire-breed) ovary, immunohistochemical studies with TUNEL for apoptotic bodies and pig macrophage monoclonal antibody 4E9 for macrophages, and light and transmission electron microscopic observations were performed. In the pig, follicular atresia began with the granulosa cell apoptosis, and the apoptosis of theca intema cells occured at the same time. The apoptosis of granulosa cells initiated randomly within the granulosa cell layer and propagated rapidly into the whole layer. Ultrastructura1ly, apoptotic granulosa cells showed characteristic pyknotic and deformed nucleus and intracytoplasmic vesicles. Apoptotic bodies were eliminated by intact granulosa cells and macrophages. Intact granulosa cells ingested apoptotic bodies transiently, soon after they fell into the apoptosis. Finally, apoptotic bodies and degenerated oocyte were phagocytosed by macrophages. Macrophages entered the ovarian follicle at the time of initiation of granulosa cell apoptosis, and migrated with the progression of apoptosis. By elimination of theca cells, macrophages contributed the completion of follicular atresia These results will provide valuable informations on the study of the interrelation between macrophage and ovarian follicular atresia.
Developing a framework for open innovation

High tech companies face continual pressures to innovate, differentiate, and be first to market. Open innovation allows organizations to focus on their core competencies while developing strategic alliances that create win-win relationships and competitive advantages for all parties involved. However, open innovation introduces certain risks and challenges and a consistent framework for open innovation is lacking. This study developed a high-level framework for planning and executing open innovation within the high tech industry. A convenience sample of nine managers experienced in the high tech industry experience and open innovation were interviewed about their perspectives, experiences, and approaches related to open innovation. Results confirmed the lack of open innovation roadmaps or playbooks in use, due to the inherent uncertainty and complexity of open innovation. Diligent vetting of partnerships is critical for success in open innovation, as incompatible partner characteristics can undermine the success of such initiatives. open innovation, challenges of open innovation, success factors for open innovation, partnering best practices, and outcomes of open innovation.
Growth performance and carcass traits of Bharat Merino lambs maintained under intensive feeding and grazing with supplementation

The reported study was undertaken On Sharat Merino weaner lambs to assess their relative growth performance and carcass characteristics under intensive feeding on 50:50 roughage and concentrate based complete feed (G1) and grazing with concentrate supplementation (02). The finisher lanlbs after termination of90 days experiment were slaughlered for carcass quality evaluation. The birth and weaning weights, total gain and ADG dyring pre weaning phase of growth were similar in G1 and 02 while 6 months weight, total gain and ADG in post weaning phase were higber in G1 than G2. The pre slaughter weight, empty live weight were also higher in G1 than G2. The yields of rack and breast and fore shank cuts were higher (P<0.05) in G1 than 02 and that the cut yield ofleg, lion, rack, neckand shoulder and breast and for shank averaged to 33.0, 13.4, 13.1, 22.6 and 16.7% respvctively. The lion eye area wall higher in G1 than G2, while the KOH bone content of the different cut was generally higher in G2 than G1. The depot content was also higher in G1 thart G2. it is concluded that growth performance of Bharat Merino lambs during 3-6 months Was better under intensiVe feeding thin grazing with supplementation. Further, the finisher lambs raised all both the feeding protocol provided carcass of acceptable quality.