Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical Bayesian analysis applied to the globular cluster pulsar population

We describe an empirical Bayesian approach to determine the most likely size of an astronomical population of sources of which only a small subset are observed above some limiting flux density threshold. The method is most naturally applied to astronomical source populations at a common distance (e.g.,stellar populations in globular clusters), and can be applied even to populations where a survey detects no objects. The model allows for the inclusion of physical parameters of the stellar population and the detection process. As an example, we apply this method to the current sample of radio pulsars in Galactic globular clusters. Using the sample of flux density limits on pulsar surveys in 94 globular clusters published by Boyles et al., we examine a large number of population models with different dependencies. We find that models which include the globular cluster two-body encounter rate, $\Gamma$, are strongly favoured over models in which this is not a factor. The optimal model is one in which the mean number of pulsars is proportional to $\exp(1.5 \log \Gamma)$. This model agrees well with earlier work by Hui et al. and provides strong support to the idea that the two-body encounter rate directly impacts the number of neutron stars in a cluster. Our model predicts that the total number of potentially observable globular cluster pulsars in the Boyles et al. sample is 1070$^{+1280}_{-700}$, where the uncertainties signify the 95% confidence interval. Scaling this result to all Galactic globular clusters, and to account for radio pulsar beaming, we estimate the total population to be 2280$^{+2720}_{-1490}$.
Spatially clustered resources increase aggregation and mating duration in Drosophila melanogaster

In environments where females mate multiply, males should adjust their behaviour and physiology in response to the prevailing perceived level of sperm competition. This expectation is well supported by both laboratory and field studies, but we don’t yet know what mechanisms facilitate these plastic responses in natural populations. One way in which males appear to assess sperm competition risk is through encounter rates with conspecific males. Such encounter rates may be driven by the spatial distribution of resources required by male. However, explicit links between resource distribution, male encounter rate, and shifts in behaviour related to sperm competition have not been demonstrated. Here we show that a small increase in the distance of patches of food resources in the laboratory: (a) approximately halves the mean distances between pairs of males; and (b) is associated with an increase in subsequent copulation duration – previously shown to be a reliable indicator of male perception of sperm competition risk – by more than two minutes. Aggregation of resources, operating via increased encounter rate, is a mechanism that can stimulate plastic male sperm competition responses. Because spatial distribution of resources, including those exploited by Drosophila, is variable in nature, this may explain one way in which sperm competition-related plasticity is influenced in wild-living males.
Employment, Innovation, and Productivity: Evidence from Italian Microdata

Italian manufacturing firms have been losing ground with respect to many of their European competitors. This paper presents some empirical evidence on the effects of innovation on employment growth and therefore on firms' productivity with the goal of understanding the roots of such poor performance. We use firm level data from the last three surveys on Italian manufacturing firms conducted by Mediocredito-Capitalia, which cover the period 1995-2003. Using a modified version of the model proposed by Harrison, Jaumandreu, Mairesse and Peters (2005), which separates employment growth rates into those associated with old and new products, we provide robust evidence that there is no employment displacement effect stemming from process innovation. The sources of employment growth during the period are split equally between the net contribution of product innovation and the net contribution from sales growth of old products. However, the contribution of product innovation is somewhat lower than that for the four comparison European countries considered by Harrison et al.
Revisiting the Obturator Nerve Anatomy with a Nerve Blocking Perspective

Purpose: Proper nerve blocking is signi�cant for the success of locally anesthetized assisted surgeries. Dis-acknowledging the anatomical variations of targeted nerve anatomy can be problematic for the success of anesthetic fundamentals. Considering the diverse nature of obturator nerve (ON), blockage of ON (ONB) during clinical procedures can be counted within such problematic. Current focus is to revisit the ON anatomy via exemplifying at adult cadavers and fetuses, and then intensively discuss its relevance to ONB from an anatomical perspective. Methods: ON and its branches were exposed at the posterior wall of the abdomen, lateral wall of the lesser pelvis and anterior aspect of the thigh region in 47 fetuses and 10 adult cadavers. Thereafter, several anatomical motifs and morphometric of ON were meticulously assessed and measured. Results: Presence of anterior branches (AB) / posterior branches (PB) divergence in the obturator channel and extra-pelvic territory were detected as 40 and 60% respectively, while intra-pelvic occurrence wasn’t observed among the adult cadavers. In fetuses, regional distribution of ON divergence was scattered as 8.5% intra-pelvic, 33% in the channel and 58.5% distal to the channel. Concerning the muscular branching of ON, three fully traceable branching from AB and single one from PB were evident in all the adult cadavers. Signi�cant morphometric distances were also provided in detail. Conclusion Our discussion regarding the variable motifs of ON anatomy from a nerve-blocking window, covering the results of the current and just few existed anatomical data sets might be helpful for anesthesiologists to improving the success of ONB.
Crop Sensor as a Tool for Nitrogen Fertilizer Management for Hybrid Maize: A Study in Gobu-Seyo District on Farmers Field, Western Ethiopia

: Though maize is the leading cereal crop in the national diet of Ethiopia; its present productivity is limited by blanket use of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer; without considering farm variability of soil in nutrient supply. Agricultural crop sensors are among the recent technologies developed to assess the actual crop Nitrogen (N) status in the field. In this view, a field trial was conducted on three farmers’ fields in Gobu-Seyo district, Ethiopia in 2018 and 2019 to determine the best N rate for side-dressing and validate the N application using crop sensor. The treatment consisted of three N rates (0, 25 and 50 kg ha ) applied at planting and four rates 1 of N (19, 38, 56 and 75 kg ha ) used in side-dressed. The field experiment was arranged in randomized complete 1 block design with three replications. Significant variations were observed between the applied treatments on yield and yield traits of maize. The Correlation coefficients of 0.24 and 0.60 were observed among normalized difference vegetative index value and yield of maize at leaf four and eight growth stages. Higher grain yield (8.6 t ha ) was achieved at N rates of 50 kg ha applied at planting and 75 kg ha side-dressed at 35 days after 1
Anomic attitudes as results of objectification of the risk among Douala-Yaounde-Bafoussam-Douala intercity

The main characteristic of economically advanced societies is the densification of movements both within and outside different countries. People and goods' movements go hand in hand with the necessity for security. The issue of road safety revolves around the fight against road accidents. It involves combining the necessary resources to prevent traffic accidents or mitigate their consequences if they still occur. This research is based on the following central question: what is the level of impact of risk objectification on anomic attitudes regarding road safety among intercity public transport drivers in Cameroon? It examines the development of the social representation of risk among drivers to highlight the underlying mental posture that leads to deviant behaviors on the road.
Exploring The Impact of Locus of Control And Self Efficacy In Physics Performance

The study investigated the effects of locus of control and self-efficacy on performance of senior secondary school students in physics. Answers were provided to four research questions within the blueprint of a descriptive survey design and a total of three hundred and fifty six physics students of intact classes sampled from six public secondary schools in Yaba Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria participated in the study. Data were collected using students' locus of control and self-efficacy questionnaire (primary source) and students' performance in physics (continuous assessment and examination scores) were obtained from the sampled schools (secondary source). The instrument was validated and its Cronbach alpha values r=0.93(locus of control scale) and r= 0.76 (self-efficacy scale). The data collected were analysed using independent sample t-test, mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regressions. The result showed a significant three-way interaction effects locus of control, age, and gender on students' performance in physics. Also, a significant relationship existed between locus of control and self efficacy as well as between locus of control and performance in physics. Locus of control was found to be the most potent predictor of performance in physics. The results were discussed and recommendations as well as policy implications were highlighted.
Do Investors Reward Countries for Participating in Climate Agreements?

Yes. The reward is a decline in sovereign bond yields of countries that commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions under a climate agreement. This decrease is likely due to climate-aware investors incentivizing governments for such climate-friendly decisions. Transition and regulatory climate risks are expected to increase after signing a climate agreement, so they cannot explain a decrease in yields. Ex-posures to physical climate risks play a role, but their effect is weaker than the incentive effect. Overall, our ﬁndings suggest that climate-aware investors are nudg-ing governments to cooperate in international climate agreements.
Padua Research Archive - Institutional Repository

We perform a cosmological analysis in which we allow the primordial power spectrum of scalar perturbations to assume a shape that is diﬀerent from the usual power-law predicted by the simplest models of cosmological inﬂation. We parameterize the free primordial power spectrum with a “piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial” ( PCHIP ). We consider a 3+1 neutrino mixing model with a sterile neutrino having a mass at the eV scale, which can explain the anomalies observed in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. We ﬁnd that the freedom of the primordial power spectrum allows to reconcile the cosmological data with a fully thermalized sterile neutrino in the early Universe. Moreover, the cosmological analysis gives us some information on the shape of the primordial power spectrum, which presents a feature around the wavenumber k = 0 . 002 Mpc − 1 .
Simpli�ed formulation to evaluate forces due to shrinkage in composite steel-concrete beams with perfect connection

It has been known for a very long time that time-dependent effects such as creep and shrinkage of concrete greatly in�uence the behavior of composite steel-concrete beams. It is therefore very important to take these effects into account when calculating the strength and safety of composite steel-concrete beams. To this end, many theoretical and numerical researches have been established to control this phenomenon. Most of this research presents laborious processes and calculations requiring complex techniques. To overcome the excessive amount of calculations and the various di�culties associated with analytical or numerical methods to estimate the additional stresses brought by the shrinkage of concrete in composite steel-concrete beams, we thought of proposing a simpli�ed analytical methodology while ensuring safety desired. In this article, we have tried to simplify an existing analytical model based on the theory of linear viscoelasticity established in 2012. This model consists of combining the static equilibrium equations and the two compatibility relations, in curvature and in deformation, of the composite steel-concrete cross-section with the differential equation resulting from creep rate theory (RCM). Our idea then aims to take this model and simplify it to avoid di�cult mathematical transformations. The results from this simpli�ed approach are very satisfactory when compared to those given by the analytical model.
Twin picks: disentangling the determinants of risk-taking in household portfolios

Author's abstract. This paper investigates the determinants of financial risk-taking and documents new facts on the financial wealth elasticity of the risky share in a panel of swedish twins. We consider a uniquely comprehensive set of demographic and financial characteristics, and use yearly twin pair fixed effects to control for genes and shared background. Consistent with cross-sectional evidence (e.g. Carroll 2002) but in contrast to recent panel studies, we document that financial wealth is the dominant characteristic driving the asset allocation of individual investors. The average financial wealth elasticity of the risky share is positive and strongly significant among participants, which suggests that individual investors have decreasing relative risk aversion. Furthermore, the financial wealth elasticity of the risky share itself is heterogeneous across investors and varies strongly with characteristics; the elasticity decreases with financial wealth and human capital, and increases with habit, residential real estate, and household size. As a consequence, the elasticity of the aggregate demand for risky assets to exogenous wealth shocks is close to, but does not coincide with, the elasticity of a representative investor with constant relative risk aversion. We confirm the robustness of our results by running time-differenced instrumental variable regressions, and by controlling for zygosity, lifestyle, mental and physical health, the intensity of communication between twins, and measures of social interactions.
Platinum and palladium minerals from two PGE-rich localities in the Shetland ophiolite complex

The mineralogy of Pt-and Pd-bearing platinum-group minerals (POM), which form a varied assemblage previously undescribed from other ophiolite complexes, is recorded from two localities in the Shetland ophiolite, Scotland. In order of abundance the minerals include sperry-lite, mertieite or stibiopalladinite, Pt-Pd-Cu-Au alloys, hongshiite, genkinite and potarite. All six platinum-group elements (POE) form major components of minerals in the Shetland ophiolite complex. The different POM occur in association with"each other. Textural evidence indicates that Ru-and Os-bearing POM formed early and were followed by Ir, Pd, Rh-and, finally, Pt-bearing POM. The concentration of all six POE could be magmatic, but much of the POE mineralogy, except for laurite in the center of chromite grains, has been modified by subsequent processes. During POM formation, the environment became more antimony-and arsenic-rich, which finally led to the formation of low-temperature alteration minerals.
Inﬂuence of Dietary Nonﬁber Carbohydrate Concentration and Supplementation of Sucrose on Lactation Performance of Cows Fed Fescue Silage

There is interest in knowing if the source of nonﬁ-brous carbohydrates (NFC) inﬂuences milk production and composition. Our objective was to determine the effects of source (starch or sugar) and level of NFC in the diet on these parameters. A 4 × 4 Latin square replicated ﬁve times using early-lactation (56 ± 9 DIM) Holstein cows was used; cows were offered one of two levels of NFC and either no added sucrose or sucrose substituting for 10% of the corn. Diets were balanced to meet National Research Council requirements for total protein, energy, and minerals. Tall fescue silage was included at one of two levels (0.95 or 1.25% of BW as forage NDF), resulting in diets with 40 and 30% NFC. The remaining ingredients consisted of high-moisture corn, soybean meal, SoyPlus, minerals, and vitamins. Megalac (0.45 kg) was used in the low NFC diets. High NFC diets were lower ( P < 0.01) in neutral detergent ﬁber (NDF; 31.5%) and crude protein (CP; 19.6%) than the low NFC diet (35.8% NDF and 21.0% CP). Sucrose containing diets were somewhat lower ( P < 0.01) in NDF (33.1%) than the no sucrose added diets (34.3%), but diets did not differ in CP%. Cows offered the high NFC level produced more milk (39.6 kg/d; P < 0.05) than those offered the low level (38.3 kg/d), primarily due to higher dry matter intake ( P < 0.05). Cows consuming the high NFC diet also had lower ( P < 0.05) milk fat (3.25%) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN; 13.7 mg/dl), and higher ( P < 0.05) milk protein (2.58%) and milk lactose (4.81%) concentrations than cows offered the low NFC level (3.46% milk fat, 17.5 mg/dl MUN, 2.51% milk protein, and 4.74% milk lactose). Fat yield was higher ( P < 0.05) for cows fed low NFC diets than cows fed high NFC diets, whereas protein and fat yield were lower ( P < 0.05) for cows fed low NFC diets than those fed high NFC
Learning performance of grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) during a visual discrimination task: effect of the stimuli’s emotional value

While the interaction between emotions and cognition is relatively well known in humans, it remains to be explored in non-human primates, whose dedicated studies are carried out on a limited diversity of species, preventing us from discussing the evolutionary origin of this interaction. Here, we explored this cognition-emotion interaction in the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), often described as possessing ancestral characteristics, allowing us to better comprehend if this link appears soon in the phylogeny of primate. We tested whether emotions could modify the learning performance of 60 mouse lemurs during a visual discrimination task. In this task, individuals had to learn to discriminate between two platforms using emotionally valued visual stimuli and to jump on the target platform. Our results showed that individuals learning performance improved when distractors had an emotional valence compared to when they were neutral. Opposite, individuals had impaired learning performance when targets had an emotional valence compared to when they were neutral. These results are consistent with the cognitive avoidance pattern for negative stimuli reported in other studies. This study is the �rst to explore emotion in mouse lemurs and to demonstrate that the emotion-cognition interaction is already present in a lemur’s species.
Reciprocal climate negotiators (cid:3)

Do reciprocal preferences matter for participation in international environmental agreements? Combining the two canonical models of Barrett (2003) and Rabin (1993), I (cid:133)nd that 1) the empty coalition is always stable; 2) the grand coalition is stable if reciprocity preferences are su¢ ciently strong; 3) if a minority of countries are not reciprocal, a majority coalition can still be stable, if reciprocity is su¢ ciently strong and widespread; and 4) there is also a stable minority coalition, if costs are moderate and the number of countries is not too small. The latter coalition is weakly larger than the maximum stable coalition with standard preferences, but barely improves on welfare, and is characterized by negative sentiments. The analysis illustrates that although models of reciprocity tend to be complex, the context of a speci(cid:133)c applied game may reduce this complexity.
of two-year clinical outcomes after keratoconus treatment using two different crosslinking protocols

– OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the long-term outcomes of standard corneal collagen crosslinking with accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progres - sive keratoconus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospec - tive, comparative study included 79 eyes with progressive keratoconus, which were random - ly assigned: 42 eyes received a standard CXL procedure, and 37 eyes were treated with the accelerated CXL protocol. We evaluated the following parameters, before the procedure and 1 month, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months postoperatively: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), cylindrical values, corneal dioptric powers on the steepest meridian (Kmax), central corneal thickness (CCT); demarcation line depth (DLD) preoperatively and 1 month after the CXL procedure. RESULTS: The BCVA, MRSE, cylindrical values, Kmax, CCT improved significantly, after both the accelerated and the standard CXL procedure. Throughout the 24-months follow-up, BCVA im - provement was achieved sooner in the accelerated group (after 1 month, vs . after 3 months). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in these aspects. The DLD-to-CCT was significantly greater in the standard group (66% vs. 62%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Standard and accelerated CXL are effective in stabilizing keratoconus progression in the long term. In clinical practice, the accelerated protocol has the added benefit of a faster visual recovery, in addition to the known reduced treatment time and increased comfort.
Hear today—hearing loss tomorrow: a preliminary survey of the personal audio player user habits and knowledge of South African first-year university students

Different types of personal audio devices (PADs), such as cell phones, Mp3 players and iPods, are increasingly used by young people. Many of these players can generate loudness levels in excess of 115 dB, which can cause severe damage to the ears. Research in other countries has found that between 45 and 53% of university students listen to their devices for more than an hour a day, and that they listen to them tuned to loud or very loud.