Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of tomato seedlings with different number of true leaves to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949

Tomato is one of the most important vegetables grown throughout the world. Root-knot nematodes cause significant economic yield losses in tomato. Development of tomato cultivars which are resistant to root-knot nematodes is the most effective management method. In tomato, resistance to root-knot nematodes is determined by bioassay and molecular markers. Molecular markers are commonly used to screen for resistance genes in breeding programs. However, bioassays are also required for identification of the performance of resistance genes. Different parameters such as stage of seedling, soil temperature, nematode quantity and nematode virulence effect performance of bioassays. In the present study, the response of tomato seedlings with different numbers of true leaves to Meloidogyne incognita isolate S6 was compared under controlled conditions. Seedlings showed different reactions to M. incognita inoculation . The results indicated that stage of tomato seedlings can be important for bioassay and that tomato seedlings with four true leaves are best for nematode testing. These results will help in the optimization of root-knot nematode tests used in tomato breeding.
Insights into variation in teachers’ pedagogical relationship with ICT: a phenomenographic exploration in the Pakistani higher education context

ABSTRACT The adoption of ICT to transform pedagogical practices is a complex phenomenon. Studies located within countries from the Global South suggest that overcoming socio-economic and technological problems will lead to improved forms of teaching. Based on a phenomenographic study located in a Pakistani university, the authors offer a different view of this body of literature. Firstly, they argue that no matter how well established the technological infrastructure, not all teachers will adopt ICT with the aim of encouraging higher-level learning experiences. Secondly, a closer investigation of variations in teachers’ prior exposure to technology, along with their beliefs as to the pedagogical use of teaching material and role of technology, is needed to better understand why teachers within the same higher education institution come to understand and use ICT differently. The authors offer insights that could be useful in designing professional development opportunities to support teachers in developing a complex pedagogical relationship with ICT.
TWO DECADES OF REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION RESEARCH IN INDONESIA: A SURVEY

Freudenthal's ideas on mathematics that stated mathematics as a human activity and mathematics must be connected to reality have colored towards learning mathematics all over the world, including Indonesia. Existing research on this topic in Indonesia among two decades is categorized and compared. This paper presents a systematic literature review of empirical studies on this learning approach in Indonesian context. The implementation of this approach in Indonesia was analyzed comprehensively and divided into several major topics. Resources of this research come from 110 articles by ten highest rank accredited journals by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, the Republic of Indonesia as an achievement for the peer-reviewed journal, which has excellent quality in management and publication. The results show that there are seven categories summarized in this research: the dominance of published RME articles, RME research subjects, mathematical topics, students' abilities, RME terms, and the research method used in RME articles. Lastly, the summarized 110 papers are displayed in the table to give essential information as a fundamental idea for further RME research.
Phosphorus dynamics in the Barents Sea

The Barents Sea is considered a warming hotspot in the Arctic; elevated sea surface temperatures have been accompanied with increased inflow of Atlantic water onto the shelf sea. Such hydrodynamic changes and a concomitant reduction of sea ice coverage enables a prolonged phytoplankton growing season, which will inevitably affect nutrient stoichiometry and the controls on primary production. During the summer of 2018, we investigated the role of phosphorus in mediating primary production in the Barents Sea. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), its most bioavailable form, had an average net turnover time of 9.4 ± 4.8 d. The most southern Atlantic influenced station accounted for both the highest rates of primary production (655 mg C m2 d−1) and shortest net DIP turnover (2.8 ± 0.5 d). The fraction of assimilated DIP released as dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) at this station was < 4% compared to an average of 21% at all other stations. We observed significant differences between phytoplankton communities in Arctic and Atlantic waters within the Barents Sea. Slower DIP turnover and greater release of DOP was associated with Phaeocystis pouchetii dominated communities in Arctic waters. Faster turnover rates and greater phosphorus retention occurred among the Atlantic phytoplankton communities dominated by Emiliania huxleyi. These findings provide baseline measurements of P utilization in the Barents Sea, and suggest increased Atlantic intrusion of this region could be accompanied by more rapid DIP turnover, possibly leading to future P limitation (rather than N limitation) on primary production.
Neutrophil Involvement in Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease: The Modulatory Roles of Hypoxia and Autoimmune Immunoglobulin G

Neutrophil dysfunction has been described in various inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). These ARDs are typically characterised by circulating autoantibodies, which contribute to immunopathology. Studies have also reported low oxygen levels, or hypoxia, in association with disease manifestations. One mechanism of neutrophil activation, results in the release of a meshwork of chromatin fibres decorated with antimicrobial proteins, called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which promote pathogen killing. Whilst NETs are important in fighting infection, if unchecked severe damage to host organs can be caused. Aberrant NETosis has been described in ARDs. Integrin engagement modulates several aspects of neutrophil activation including NETosis, cytokine production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which are associated with pathology in certain ARDs. Therefore, my PhD aimed to examine the effects of hypoxia and purified ARD-IgG on integrin activation, ROS generation and NETosis. Isolated neutrophils were cultured under normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (1% oxygen) and integrin expression, adhesion, ROS generation and NETosis examined. Hypoxic neutrophils had higher αM and αX expression and increased adhesion to endothelial cells. Trans-endothelial migration was also enhanced under hypoxia. Whilst hypoxia did not have an effect on ROS generation, NETosis was higher in hypoxic cells. IgG was purified from the serum of RA, SLE and APS patients. The effects of purified IgG upon neutrophil adhesion, ROS generation and NETosis were examined. ARD-IgG had a differential effect upon integrin activation, with RA- and SLE-IgG promoting αMβ2 (Mac-1)-mediated adhesion whilst APS-IgG enhanced β1-integrin mediated adhesion. Moreover, RA- and SLE-IgG increased rates of hydrogen peroxide generation and NETosis. The results obtained in this thesis demonstrate that hypoxia modulates neutrophil function. Purified ARD-IgG was also identified as having differential effects on neutrophil integrin activation, ROS generation and NETosis.
Assessment on estimations of currency basket weights—With coefficient correction for common factor dominance

This paper proposes an approach to correcting parameter misrepresentation under the dominance of a common factor, a customarily overlooked phenomenon. Meanwhile, it provides a general solution to a specific regression bias, namely coefficient correction for common factor dominance in econometrics, which is commonly encountered in the research on currency interactions and co-movements and beyond. The RMB basket weights are then scrutinized exhaustively, going through all stages of the evolving RMB regime and reforms. Correct and sensible currency basket weights are derived accordingly. It has been found that only the introduction of the central parity regime in 2015 has changed the RMB exchange rate patterns notably. The RMB market behavior and patterns virtually did not change during the prior reforms that had widened the band of daily fluctuation in the RMB exchange rate against the US dollar from 0.3% through to 2%, given the band's unique link to the US dollar.
Changes in Sugar Concentrations of Seed and Pod Tissue During Development in Snap and Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Sugars, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sugar accumulation and changes in sugar profiles during snap bean development contribute to overall assessments of quality for breeding lines and cultivars. Developing fruit from a diverse group of four snap bean cultivars containing Andean germplasm and one Mesoamerican dry bean cultivar were sampled at 5-day intervals from 10 to 30 days after flowering over 2 years. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose in pod and seed tissue was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Percent seed mass relative to pod mass increased with days after flowering, but the rate of increase was heterogeneous among cultivars. Significant differences in sugar accumulation patterns of mono- and disaccharides were observed with time of development and between pods and seeds. Glucose and fructose decreased rapidly in pods and seeds with time after flowering. In contrast, sucrose concentration increased in pod tissue but remained constant in seeds of the snap bean cultivars with time after flowering. The patterns of changes in pod and seed sugar concentrations with time after flowering were similar among all snap bean cultivars. In contrast to the snap beans, seed sucrose increased with time after flowering in the Mesoamerican dry bean cultivar Puebla 152. No year by day after flowering interactions were observed for sugar accumulation patterns or sugar concentrations. Younger snap beans had the highest sweetness index based on observed sugar concentrations, percent seed mass, and perception of relative sweetness by the human palate. Although mean sweetness varied between cultivars, the rate of decrease in sweetness with time was the same for all five cultivars. These findings indicate that variation for sweetness exists in snap beans and can be exploited by breeding to develop cultivars with a potentially more desirable, sweet flavor.
Vertical Profiles of Wind-Blown Sand Flux over Fine Gravel Surfaces and Their Implications for Field Observation in Arid Regions

We used a compact boundary layer wind tunnel equipped with a turbulence generator and a piezoelectric blown-sand meter to investigate the effects of the surface coverage of fine gravel on wind-blown sand flux. The vertical profile of wind-blown sand over a flat sand surface showed an exponential distribution at all wind speeds, whereas the profile over gravel surfaces of 20% or greater coverage showed a non-monotonic vertical distribution. At 20% to 30% gravel coverages, a peak of wind-blown sand flux developed between 6 and 10 cm above the ground at all wind speeds because of less energy loss due to grain-bed collisions at that level. To analyze the erosional state of wind-blown sand, we used the Wu–Ling index (λ) of the mass-flux density of sand-bearing wind. Values of λ for all gravel coverages were greater than 1 at all wind speeds, indicating an unsaturated (erosional) state. Moreover, we found that the wind-blown sand flux at 4 cm height accounted for about 20% of the total flux regardless of wind speed and gravel coverage. This finding can simplify future estimations of total near-surface wind-blown sand flux based on field observations because such measurements can be taken at just one height.
Climatic conditions for emergence and flight of mountain pine beetle: implications for long-distance dispersal

A significant shift in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) range has been attributed to long-distance dispersal from the observed spatiotemporal patterns of beetle infestations in the recent outbreak in western Canada. However, long-distance dispersal is still the least understood aspect of mountain pine beetle ecology. In particular, the mechanisms responsible for the three major phases of long-distance dispersal, the ascent, transport, and descent, are poorly known. In this study, we used the North American Regional Reanalysis meteorological data (1999–2010) to determine climate conditions under and above the forest canopy during mountain pine beetle emergence and flight at the landscape scale. We found that climate conditions are distinct during emergence and flight. They provide an ideal underlying environment to facilitate the potential long-distance dispersal. Climate conditions are unstable under the forest canopy during emergence, which would help loft beetles above th.
Acute Fulminating Form of Balantidium coli Infection in Buffaloes

Balantidium coli are a ciliate protozoan and it is frequently found in the intestinal tract of the different animals including humans. Acute fulminating form of Balantidium coli infection was noticed in a dairy farm. Clinical examination of the infected buffaloes showed elevated rectal temperature, increased heart rate, congested mucus membranes, arched back appearance with severe straining while defecation, sunken eye balls and dysentery. Foul smell dung, mixed with blood streaks and mucosal shedding was noticed. Microscopic examination of the dung revealed numerous motile ciliated trophozoites of Balantidium coli. Buffaloes were treated with intravenous rehydration, metronidazole and oxytetracyclin
As atividades pesqueiras artesanais e a relação com a Malacofauna no Manguezal do Rio Formoso, Pernambuco, Brasil.

O manguezal do Rio Formoso localizado a 76 Km da cidade de Recife ocupa uma extensao estuarina de 12 Km. Associado a esse manguezal encontra-se uma rica fauna de moluscos, peixes e crustaceos, os quais constituem recursos economicos de grande relevância para parte da populacao. Estudos nesse manguezal foram desenvolvidos visando a obtencao de dados sobre as principais especies de moluscos que ocorrem na area e que sao objetos da pesca artesanal, bem como realizar um levantamento socio-economico das marisqueiras, pescadoras principais desse ecossistema, que vem sofrendo acelerado processo de degradacao, com a finalidade de implantar um projeto de melhoria na qualidade de vida. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no periodo de setembro/1998 a agosto/1999, sendo as coletas de moluscos realizadas em 6 perfis ao longo do manguezal. Dados de salinidade e sedimentos foram coletados para fins comparativos com os moluscos. Informacoes socio-economicas foram obtidos atraves da aplicacao de questionarios. Os moluscos de importância economica pescados sao todos da classe Bivalvia: Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin,1791), Lucina pectinata (Gmelin, 1791), Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786), Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828), Mytella falcata (Orbigny, 1842), Iphigenia brasiliana (Lamarck,1818). A renda familiar e de menos de um salario minimo para 80% das marisqueiras entrevistadas. Quanto ao tipo de moradia 60% vive em casa de adobe nao revestida. Os moluscos mais pescados sao Tagelus plebeius (26%) e Mytella falcata (25%). Quando questionadas sobre impactos no manguezal, 50% das entrevistadas alegam como maior problema a grande quantidade de esgotos lancados no rio. Palavras chave: Manguezal, malacofauna, pesca artesanal, Rio Formoso, Pernambuco.
Inoculated fermented corn as dietary performance and health enhancer in pigs: literature and in vitro study

S.J. Koopmans, P. Bikker, P.G. van Wikselaar, and M.M. van Krimpen. Together with our clients, we integrate scientific know-how and practical experience to develop livestock concepts for the 21st century. With our expertise on innovative livestock systems, nutrition, welfare, genetics and environmental impact of livestock farming and our state-of-the art research facilities, such as Dairy Campus and Swine Innovation Centre Sterksel, we support our customers to find solutions for current and future challenges.
Composition of Prosobranchia-Pulmonata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in rocky intertidal zone in the Marine Priority Region 32, Guerrero, Mexico

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue la descripcion de la taxocenosis de las subclases Prosobranchia y Pulmonata (clase Gastropoda), asociados a la zona intermareal rocosa de la Region Marina Prioritaria 32, Guerrero, Mexico. Basada en la riqueza de especies, la composicion de la comunidad a partir de la representacion de las familias, se evaluo la abundancia, distribucion geografica de las especies, se estimo los estadisticos descriptivos de las tallas (en largo) de las poblaciones y la diversidad. El muestreo se llevo a cabo en 7 sitios, la unidad de muestreo fue de 1 m-2 y el area de muestreo de 10 m-2. Se identificaron 104 especies de prosobranquios y 4 de pulmonados. Las familias Columbellidae y Muricidae fueron las mejores representadas en riqueza de especies y la familia Muricidae en abundancia. Acanthais triangularis se considero como la representativa de la zona, la especie Macrocypraea cervinetta mostro la mayor talla. Ademas, 23 especies presentaron amplia distribucion, 27 distribucion regular y 54 distribucion restringida. Veintiocho especies estuvieron representadas por un unico organismo, y 6 especies por 2 organismos, estas especies son consideradas raras. Las especies raras se encontraron en las estaciones cuya caracteristica de exposicion del oleaje es de bajo a medio. La riqueza de especies fue alta y corresponde a lo esperado en una zona tropical
Synchronous blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and three dinoflagellates in the Dardanelles (Turkish Straits System)

This study focuses on the synchronous blooms of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and three dinoflagellates Prorocentrum micans, Ceratium furca var. furca and Ceratium fusus var. seta observed between 7 June and 11 July 2003 in the Dardanelles. An analysis of the vertical distribution of the E. huxleyi population size with respect to various environmental parameters was discussed. Additionally, inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton interactions were investigated in relation to the bloom conditions and hydrography of the Dardanelles. The algal bloom started in nearby Izmit Bay (eastern end of the Sea of Marmara) in early June, then quickly spread through the Sea of Marmara and continued until mid-July. Thermal stratification was observed between different water masses at the time of sampling. During the bloom period, cell density of E. huxleyi ranged from 3.58 � 10 7 to 2.55 � 10 8 cells l 21 in the superficial layer. Prorocentrum micans was the second most-abundant species and the cell numbers ranged from 1.0 � 10 6 cells l 21 to 3.3 � 10 6 cells l 21 . Other abundant species in this area included C. furca var. furca and C. fusus var. seta.
An investigation on printability of different solvent based inks by gravure printing onto various substrates

As seen in the figure, the components of the printing system are the tank where the liquid ink is held, the engraving roller as a printing plate, the blade that is used to scrape the surplus ink, and the impression cylinder that enables the substrate material to take the ink from engraving roller. The primary function of the impression cylinder is to ensure that the substrate material is in adequate contact with the ink in the cells, ensuring the correct ink transfer from the engraving cylinder. The cylinder is typically steel coated with rubber or similar compatible material (Simseker, Kurt & Arman, 2012). Arif Ozcan 1 Rasim Zulfigaroglu 2
Visual symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in Physalis peruviana L. = Sintomas visuais de deficiências nutricionais em fisalis, Physalis peruviana L.

The physalis production has caused interest of producers, consumers and traders due to its easy growing, high nutritional value and economic value added. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and characterize the symptoms of macro and micronutrient deficiencies in physalis seedlings ( Physalis peruviana L.). The seedlings were grown in complete nutrient solution and also in solutions with individual omissions of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, using the missing element technique. Visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency and the dry matter production of shoot and root, respectively taken at 68 and 150 days after treatment application were evaluated. Omissions of macro and micronutrients caused visual symptoms of nutrient deficiencies common to other species. Nutrient deficiencies limited the total dry matter production in the following order: N > S> P> K > Ca > Mg for macronutrients and Fe > B > Zn > Mn > Cu for micronutrients, respectively.
Leveraging the Technology of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Developing Countries

The technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) renders itself easily to a variety of applications because of their characteristics such as flexibility, quick deployment and cost effectiveness. Developing countries can harness UAV technology for humanitarian and development goals. This paper presents five interesting UAV applications for developing countries and these include disaster management, agriculture, delivery, surveillance of transmission lines and network coverage. UAVs aid the process of disaster management because they can be quickly deployed to take imagery which is used by rescue teams. They offer a cheap alternative to satellites and manned aircraft for agricultural mapping and management. Developing countries are faced with the major challenge of inadequate infrastructure which can be overcome by using UAVs to make especially emergency deliveries. UAVs are more effective at inspecting power transmission lines than manual techniques especially in developing countries where it is expected that the power transmission lines will span over tens of thousands of kilometres. Network coverage can be achieved cost effectively using UAVs for rural remote areas that are neglected by network operators because of their low economic return. This paper also discusses challenges that must be overcome to fully exploit UAV technology for the mentioned applications. Additionally, this paper presents interventions by African governments towards the development of UAV technology.
Introducing the Black Male Adult Learner Success Theory

Given the preponderance of deficit-oriented discourse about Black men and adult learners in higher education, there have not been theoretical frameworks put forth to explain the success of Black male adult learners in higher education. Thus, this article describes the Black male adult learner success theory, which builds on Gilman Whiting’s scholar identity model and Urie Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological system theory and was developed as a lens to examine the unique experiences of Black male adult learners in higher education and the impact of their various environments on their academic success. In response to the call for action from adult education scholars, this article introduces an asset-based theoretical approach for researchers to use when studying Black male adult learners. The article provides implications for using the Black male adult learner success theory for policy and practitioners. The article ends with providing future recommendations for research based on the theory.