Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective numeracy educational interventions for students from disadvantaged social background: a comparison of two teaching methods

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of explicit instruction, compared to constructivist instruction, in teaching subtraction in schools with a high concentration of students from a disadvantaged social background: eighty-seven second graders (mean age in months = 90.95, SD = 5.30). Two groups received explicit versus constructivist instruction during 5 weeks. Pre- and posttest analyses were conducted to compare the effects of the instruction type on subtraction skills taught through the partitioning subtraction method. Results showed that although all students progressed between both evaluations, those who received explicit instruction performed better. The findings from this study suggest that explicit instruction teaching is a promising approach in supporting the learning of mathematical knowledge for low-achieving students from disadvantaged social background. A larger scale study comparing the outcomes of children from different socioeconomic backgrounds would be needed to extend the applicability of the positive effects of this study.
Fenofibrate and Impaired Taste Perception in Type 2 Diabetes

Patient: Female, 65-year-old Final Diagnosis: Type 2 diabetes Symptoms: Loss of sweet taste Medication: Fenofibrate Clinical Procedure: Drug challenge/dechallenge/rechallenge Specialty: Endocrinology and Metabolic Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Although reduced sweet taste perception has been found in studies of clofibrate in healthy volunteers, this phenomenon has not been reported for the chemically related and more widely used drug fenofibrate. Case Report: A 65-year-old woman with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes was initiated on fenofibrate for worsening diabetic retinopathy. She subsequently developed a marked loss of sweet taste perception. After 3 months of fenofibrate, her glycemic control had improved and her insulin requirements had decreased, probably as a result of anorexia. Her renal function had also worsened. Dechallenge resulted in near normalization of sweet taste and restoration of her pretreatment renal function 2 weeks later. Rechallenge provoked recurrence of severely impaired sweet taste perception, which led to permanent discontinuation of fenofibrate. Conclusions: This case shows that altered sweet taste perception is a potential clinically significant adverse effect of fenofibrate therapy. There is increasing interest in the function of sweet taste receptors, which are recognized as having a broader role in cellular function and inflammation in tissues such as the kidney and retina that are relevant to type 2 diabetes and its complications.
AndroTIME: Identifying Timing Side Channels in the Android API

The permission system of Android has continuously evolved to better guard the privacy of users. New permissions have been introduced and existing methods which were abused now require a permission or have been entirely removed. Retrieving private data about users without their consent is thus getting continuously harder for applications. In this paper, we systematically analyse how timing-based side channels in the Android API can be used to circumvent this tight permission system. We introduce AndroTIME, a framework to automatically detect such side channels in the Android API. Using this automated approach, we were able to identify several new timing-based side-channel leaks in Android 10 and Android 11. The detected side channels enable querying for installed applications, active accounts, files, and browser logins. The leaked information could be used to fingerprint users, detect secret user habits, or even infer a concrete user identity.
Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective

Existing knowledge on remote working can be questioned in an extraordinary pandemic context. We conducted a mixed‐methods investigation to explore the challenges experienced by remote workers at this time, as well as what virtual work characteristics and individual differences affect these challenges. In Study 1, from semi‐structured interviews with Chinese employees working from home in the early days of the pandemic, we identified four key remote work challenges (work‐home interference, ineffective communication, procrastination, and loneliness), as well as four virtual work characteristics that affected the experience of these challenges (social support, job autonomy, monitoring, and workload) and one key individual difference factor (workers’ self‐discipline). In Study 2, using survey data from 522 employees working at home during the pandemic, we found that virtual work characteristics linked to worker's performance and well‐being via the experienced challenges. Specifically, social support was positively correlated with lower levels of all remote working challenges; job autonomy negatively related to loneliness; workload and monitoring both linked to higher work‐home interference; and workload additionally linked to lower procrastination. Self‐discipline was a significant moderator of several of these relationships. We discuss the implications of our research for the pandemic and beyond.
The Complementary Value of XBT and Argo Observations to Monitor Ocean Boundary Currents and Meridional Heat and Volume Transports: A Case Study in the Atlantic Ocean

This work assesses the value of expendable bathythermograph (XBT) and Argo profiling float observations to monitor the Atlantic Ocean boundary current systems (BCS), meridional overturning circulation (MOC), and meridional heat transport (MHT). Data from six XBT transects and available Argo floats in the Atlantic Ocean for the period from 2000 to 2018 are used to estimate the structure and variability of the BCS, MOC, and MHT, taking into account different temporal and spatial mapping strategies. The comparison of Argo data density along these six XBT transects shows that Argo observations outnumber XBT observations only above mapping scales of 30 days and 3° boxes. The comparison of Argo and XBT data for the Brazil Current and Gulf Stream shows that Argo cannot reproduce the structure and variability of these currents, as it lacks sufficient resolution to resolve the gradients across these narrow jets. For the MHT and MOC, Argo estimates are similar to those produced by XBTs at a coarse mapping resolution of 5° and 30 days. However, at such a coarse resolution the root-mean-square errors calculated for both XBT and Argo estimates relative to a high-resolution baseline are higher than 3 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and 0.25 PW for the MOC and MHT, respectively, accounting for about 25%–30% of their mean values due to the smoothing of eddy variability along the transects. A key result of this study is that using Argo and XBT data jointly, rather than separately, improves the estimates of MHT, MOC, and BCS.
Social and Economic Political Ideology Consistently Operate as Mutual Suppressors: Implications for Personality, Social, and Political Psychology

Right–left political views can be decomposed into distinct economic and social dimensions that bear differing relations with external criteria. In three community samples (total N = 1,487), we identified replicable suppressor situations in which statistically controlling for either social or economic political ideology increased the other ideology dimension’s relations with variables reflecting cognitive rigidity, authoritarianism, dangerous worldview, and lethal partisanship. Specifically, positive bivariate relations between social conservatism and these outcomes were enhanced after controlling for economic conservatism, whereas, after controlling for social conservatism, positive bivariate relations between economic conservatism and external criteria became negative and negative bivariate relations were enhanced. We identified similar, albeit less consistent, suppressor phenomena for general personality. Taken together, our results suggest that social and economic conservatism differ substantially in their psychological implications, and that following statistical control, these differences emerge in samples in which social and economic conservatism are highly positively correlated.
Fixated in more familiar territory: Providing an explicit midpoint for typical and atypical number lines

Does providing an explicit midpoint affect adults’ performance differently for typical and atypical number line tasks? Participants (N = 29) estimated the location of target numbers on typical (i.e., 0–10,000) and atypical (i.e., 0–7,000) number lines with either an explicitly labelled midpoint or no midpoint. For the typical number line, estimation accuracy did not differ for the explicit- and implicit-midpoint conditions. For the atypical number line, participants in the explicit-midpoint condition were more accurate than those in the implicit-midpoint condition and their pattern of error was similar to that seen for typical number lines (i.e., M-shaped). In contrast, for participants in the implicit-midpoint condition, the pattern of error on the atypical line was tent-shaped, with less accurate estimates around the midpoint and quartiles than the endpoints. Eye-tracking data showed that, for all number lines, participants used the middle of the line to guide their estimates, but participants in the explicit-midpoint condition were more likely to make their first fixation around the true midpoint than those in the implicit–midpoint condition. We conclude that adults have difficulty in estimating on atypical number lines because they incorrectly calculate the numerical value of the midpoint.
Multi-country loss rates of honey bee colonies during winter 2016/2017 from the COLOSS survey

In this short note we present comparable loss rates of honey bee colonies during winter 2016/2017 from 27 European countries plus Algeria, Israel and Mexico, obtained with the COLOSS questionnaire. The 14,813 beekeepers providing valid loss data collectively wintered 425,762 colonies, and reported 21,887 (5.1%, 95% confidence interval 5.0–5.3%) colonies with unsolvable queen problems and 60,227 (14.1%, 95% CI 13.8–14.4%) dead colonies after winter. Additionally we asked for colonies lost due to natural disaster, which made up another 6,903 colonies (1.6%, 95% CI 1.5–1.7%). This results in an overall loss rate of 20.9% (95% CI 20.6–21.3%) of honey bee colonies during winter 2016/2017, with marked differences among countries. The overall analysis showed that small operations suffered higher losses than larger ones (p < 0.001). Overall migratory beekeeping had no significant effect on the risk of winter loss, though there was an effect in several countries. A table is presented giving detailed results from 30 countries. A map is also included, showing relative risk of colony winter loss at regional level.
Dynamic change of the rhizosphere microbial community in response to growth stages of consecutively monocultured Rehmanniae glutinosa

Abstract Rehmanniae glutinosa, an important medical plant in China, has distinct regional characteristics. It has long suffered from consecutive monoculture obstacles, resulting in severe reduction of quality and yield. The microbial community is believed to play an important role in the monoculture process. However, there are no reports on how microbial compositions change in response to growth of R. glutinosa. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and metagenomic high throughput sequencing methods were applied for the first time to elucidate the rhizosphere microbial community variation during growth and consecutive monoculture of R. glutinosa. The results indicated that with the first- and second-year cultivated process, the bacterial and fungal populations varied dramatically in rhizosphere soil, and the microbial balance was severely altered. Some probiotic bacteria (e.g., Actinomycetes), obviously decreased in abundance with consecutive monoculture and the abundances of some pathogenic fungi (e.g., Alternaria) were obviously higher in the second-year cultivation than that in the first-year cultivation. In addition, we also found that microbial imbalance was tightly coupled with decreased soil pH and reductions in a series of soil enzyme activities. All these changes could be responsible for consecutive monoculture obstacles of R. glutinosa.
Approximation gaussienne d'algorithmes stochastiques à dynamique markovienne

On etudie l'approximation diffusion pour des algorithmes a pas constant et a pas decroissant. Les hypotheses s'appliquent a une classe generale d'algorithmes. On ne suppose ni la continuite ni l'existence de moments du terme d'adaptation, ce qui permet de traiter des exemples interessants dans la pratique
Studies on natural rubber nanocomposites by incorporating amine functionalised graphene oxide

The present study reports the synthesis of amine functionalised Graphene Oxide by two different methods, one by a modified Bucherer reaction and the other by using dodecyl amine. The synthesised amine functionalised Graphene oxide by modified Bucherer reaction (AGO) and by using dodecyl amine (DGO) was characterised by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. A series of natural rubber (NR)-AGO and NR-DGO nanocomposites with varying compositions of AGO and DGO were prepared by the latex mixing method. The morphological, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites were analysed by SEM, TEM, universal testing machine (UTM), and impedance analyser. The results obtained for NR-AGO and NR-DGO nanocomposites revealed enhancement in mechanical and dielectric properties from neat NR and NR-Graphene Oxide (GO) nanocomposites. The tensile strength of NR has been improved by almost 70%, tensile modulus (300% elongation) by 85%, and tear strength by 67% on the addition of 0.5 phr of AGO and by the addition of 0.5 phr DGO, the tensile strength of NR has been improved by 74%, tensile modulus (300% elongation) by 87% and tear strength by 73%. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Fake News Detection Using Machine Learning Ensemble Methods

The advent of the World Wide Web and the rapid adoption of social media platforms (such as Facebook and Twitter) paved the way for information dissemination that has never been witnessed in the human history before. With the current usage of social media platforms, consumers are creating and sharing more information than ever before, some of which are misleading with no relevance to reality. Automated classification of a text article as misinformation or disinformation is a challenging task. Even an expert in a particular domain has to explore multiple aspects before giving a verdict on the truthfulness of an article. In this work, we propose to use machine learning ensemble approach for automated classification of news articles. Our study explores different textual properties that can be used to distinguish fake contents from real. By using those properties, we train a combination of different machine learning algorithms using various ensemble methods and evaluate their performance on 4 real world datasets. Experimental evaluation confirms the superior performance of our proposed ensemble learner approach in comparison to individual learners.
Modeling mycorrhizal fungi dispersal by the mycophagous swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor)

Abstract Despite the importance of mammal‐fungal interactions, tools to estimate the mammal‐assisted dispersal distances of fungi are lacking. Many mammals actively consume fungal fruiting bodies, the spores of which remain viable after passage through their digestive tract. Many of these fungi form symbiotic relationships with trees and provide an array of other key ecosystem functions. We present a flexible, general model to predict the distance a mycophagous mammal would disperse fungal spores. We modeled the probability of spore dispersal by combining animal movement data from GPS telemetry with data on spore gut‐retention time. We test this model using an exemplar generalist mycophagist, the swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor). We show that swamp wallabies disperse fungal spores hundreds of meters—and occasionally up to 1,265 m—from the point of consumption, distances that are ecologically significant for many mycorrhizal fungi. In addition to highlighting the ecological importance of swamp wallabies as dispersers of mycorrhizal fungi in eastern Australia, our simple modeling approach provides a novel and effective way of empirically describing spore dispersal by a mycophagous animal. This approach is applicable to the study of other animal‐fungi interactions in other ecosystems.
Fast quenching of metastable O2(a 1Δ g ) and O2(b 1Σ g +) molecules by O(3P) atoms at high temperature

Oxygen molecules in the lowest metastable state, O2(a 1Δ g ), play an important role in oxygen plasmas due to their high reactivity and significant concentrations. The accumulation of high densities of O2(a 1Δ g ) occurs due to its low quenching rate. This paper demonstrates the existence, at high gas temperatures (700–1700 K), of fast quenching of O2(a 1Δ g ) by O(3P) atoms, a process that has not been considered in previous models. Experiments were carried out at oxygen pressures of 10–100 Torr in an 81 MHz CCP discharge in a quartz tube with external electrodes. This setup provides high absorbed power density, leading to both high gas temperatures and significant O(3P) densities. We observe that the O2(a 1Δ g ) density is significantly limited at high gas temperatures by rapid quenching by atomic oxygen. The results were interpreted using a self-consistent 1D discharge model. The observations can only be explained by the inclusion of a rapid quenching reaction: O2(a 1Δ g ) + O(3P) → O2(X3Σ g −) + O(3P), with an activation energy in the range of 0.54–0.69 eV. The rate constant was determined over a wide range of discharge conditions (P = 20–100 Torr and T g = 800–1700 K), giving values between 3 × 10−11 exp(−8000/T) cm3 s−1 to 1.5 × 10−11 exp(−6300/T) cm3 s−1. A possible mechanism for this process is discussed. Measurements of the density of metastable O2(b 1Σ g +) molecules also indicated the existence of quenching by atomic oxygen, with a somewhat lower activation energy of ∼0.32 eV. The variations of the measured [O2(b 1Σ g +)]/N mole-fraction could be fitted by the model using a rate constant 2 × 10−11 × exp(−3700/T) cm3 s−1 for this process. These quenching processes of metastable O2(a 1Δ g ) and O2(b 1Σ g +) molecules by oxygen atoms are important for oxygen plasmas and could have a significant impact on the kinetics of oxygen-containing mixtures at higher gas temperatures, for example in plasma-assisted combustion or in high-pressure plasma processing reactors.
Transition to adulthood: prospective content in joint parent-youth conversations for young people with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD)

Problem and Objective Transition to adulthood for young people with (IDD) is challenging for both youth and parents. Prospection, an important human adaptive tool and critical for independent living, involves constructing, encoding, and remembering the future. It may be jointly enacted between parents and young people as they discuss the future. This study identified and described evidence of prospective content in parent-youth conversations about the transition to adulthood. Method This study involved the content analysis is of eight parent-youth conversations about this transition. Two mother-daughter, three father-daughter, and three mother-son dyads, representing a range of IDD diagnoses, provided 790 min of joint conversations and reflection on them. These conversations were examined for the following characteristics of prospection: simulation, reasoning about counterfactuals, constructing multiple possible futures, and episodic memory of the past. Findings Among the four characteristics, simulation and episodic memory of the past were used most frequently and reasoning about counterfactuals the least. Giving advice and scaffolding were additional strategies that emerged from the data. Conclusion Identifying how prospection may be fostered in joint parent-youth conversations provides a step toward future research.
Effect of Adjuvant and Spray Volume on Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control with Selective Postemergence Herbicides

Soybean-based [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] and petroleum-based crop oil concentrates were equally effective as spray adjuvants for control of quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. #3 AGRRE] with the butyl ester of fluazifop {[±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}. With favorable growing conditions at application in 1983 and 1985, an adjuvant concentration of 1% (v/v) with these herbicides was adequate for quackgrass control. Unfavorable growing conditions at application in 1984 resulted in unacceptable quackgrass control, and spray volume did not affect control. However, increasing the adjuvant concentration to 4% (v/v) with either herbicide applied in a spray volume of 70 L/ha nearly doubled quackgrass control. In 1983 and 1985, equal or greater quackgrass control with each herbicide was achieved with spray volumes as low as 35 L/ha compared to 280 L/ha.
Gas Transport in a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Substituted with Pseudo-Ionic Liquid Tetrazole-Type Structures

We report a side group modification strategy to tailor the structure of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1). PIM-1 with an average of ∼50% of the repeat units converted to tetrazole is prepared, and a subsequent reaction then introduces three types of pseudo-ionic liquid tetrazole-like structures (PIM-1-ILx). The presence of pseudo-ionic liquid functional groups in the PIM-1 structure increases gas selectivities for O2/N2 and CO2/N2, while it decreases pure-gas permeabilities. The overall gas separation performance of PIM-1-ILx is close to the 2008 Robeson upper bound. Since the tetrazoles are versatile groups for building a wide variety of ionic liquids, the modification method can be expanded to explore a broad spectrum of functional groups.