Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuropathologic Features of Antemortem Atrophy-Based Subtypes of Alzheimer Disease

Background and Objectives To investigate whether antemortem MRI-based atrophy subtypes of Alzheimer disease (AD) differ in neuropathologic features and comorbid non-AD pathologies at postmortem. Methods From the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, we included individuals with antemortem MRI evaluating brain atrophy within 2 years before death, antemortem diagnosis of AD dementia/mild cognitive impairment, and postmortem-confirmed AD neuropathologic change. Antemortem atrophy subtypes were modeled as continuous phenomena based on a recent conceptual framework: typicality (spanning limbic-predominant AD to hippocampal-sparing AD) and severity (spanning typical AD to minimal atrophy AD). Postmortem neuropathologic evaluation included AD hallmarks, β-amyloid, and tau as well as non-AD pathologies, alpha-synuclein and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). We also investigated the overall concomitance across these pathologies. Partial correlations assessed the associations between antemortem atrophy subtypes and postmortem neuropathologic outcomes. Results In 31 individuals (26 AD dementia/5 mild cognitive impairment, mean age = 80 years, 26% females), antemortem typicality was significantly negatively associated with neuropathologic features, including β-amyloid (rho = −0.39 overall), tau (rho = −0.38 regionally), alpha-synuclein (rho = −0.39 regionally), TDP-43 (rho = −0.49 overall), and concomitance of pathologies (rho = −0.59 regionally). Limbic-predominant AD was associated with higher Thal phase, neuritic plaque density, and presence of TDP-43 compared with hippocampal-sparing AD. Regionally, limbic-predominant AD showed a higher presence of tau and alpha-synuclein pathologies in medial temporal structures, a higher presence of TDP-43, and concomitance of pathologies subcortically/cortically compared with hippocampal-sparing AD. Antemortem severity was significantly negatively associated with concomitance of pathologies (rho = −0.43 regionally), such that typical AD showed higher concomitance of pathologies than minimal atrophy AD. Discussion We provide a direct antemortem-to-postmortem validation, highlighting the importance of understanding atrophy-based heterogeneity in AD relative to AD and non-AD pathologies. We suggest that (1) typicality and severity in atrophy reflect differential aspects of susceptibility of the brain to AD and non-AD pathologies; and (2) limbic-predominant AD and typical AD subtypes share similar biological pathways, making them more vulnerable to AD and non-AD pathologies compared with hippocampal-sparing AD, which may follow a different biological pathway. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of associations of atrophy subtypes in AD with different pathologies, enhancing the prevailing knowledge of biological heterogeneity in AD and could contribute toward tracking disease progression and designing clinical trials in the future.
Preprocessing to Address Bias in Healthcare Data

Multimorbidity, having a diagnosis of two or more chronic conditions, increases as people age. It is a predictor used in clinical decision-making, but underdiagnosis in underserved populations produces bias in the data that support algorithms used in the healthcare processes. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems could produce inaccurate predictions if patients have multiple unknown conditions. Rural patients are more likely to be underserved and also more likely to have multiple chronic conditions. In this study, data collected during the course of care in a centrally located academic hospital, multimorbidity decreased with rurality. This decrease suggests a bias against rural patients for algorithms that rely on diagnosis information to calculate risk. To test preprocessing to address bias in healthcare data, we measured the amount of discrimination in favor of metropolitan patients in the classification of multimorbidity. We built a model using the biased data to test optimum classification performance. A new unbiased training data set and model were created and tested against unaltered validation data. The new model's classification performance on unaltered data did not diverge significantly from the performance of the initial optimal model trained on the biased data suggesting that bias can be removed with preprocessing.
A deep learning approach to detect blood vessels in basal cell carcinoma

Blood vessels called telangiectasia are visible in skin lesions with the aid of dermoscopy. Telangiectasia are a pivotal identifying feature of basal cell carcinoma. These vessels appear thready, serpiginous, and may also appear arborizing, that is, wide vessels branch into successively thinner vessels. Due to these intricacies, their detection is not an easy task, neither with manual annotation nor with computerized techniques. In this study, we automate the segmentation of telangiectasia in dermoscopic images with a deep learning U‐Net approach.
Bleeding patterns of women with heavy menstrual bleeding or dysmenorrhoea using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: results from a real-world observational study in Japan (J-MIRAI)

Abstract Purpose To collect real-world safety and clinical outcome data on the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for functional/organic heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and dysmenorrhoea in Japanese women (J-MIRAI). Materials and methods In this prospective, multicentre, single-cohort, open-label, post-authorisation study, we assessed menstrual blood loss after LNG-IUS insertion by changes from baseline in pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) scores. Scores for the menorrhagia multi-attribute scale (MMAS) were collected for 12 months to assess quality of life. Results We included 47 patients with complete PBAC score and patient diary data. The median PBAC score before LNG-IUS insertion was 159.0, which decreased significantly to 6.0 at 12 months post-insertion; for patients with adenomyosis (n = 20), PBAC score decreased from 174.5 pre-insertion to 19.5 at 12 months. The number of patient-reported bleeding days was correlated with PBAC score ≥5. The proportion of women with prolonged bleeding decreased from 85.7% to 34.6% by the study’s end. Some women reported no bleeding after the first 90-day reference period. The mean MMAS overall score significantly increased from 50.50 before insertion to 88.67 at 12 months. Conclusions Japanese women with functional/organic HMB experienced substantial reductions in bleeding symptoms and improvements in quality of life after 12-month use of the LNG-IUS.
Nonanatomic All-Inside Arthroscopic Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair With a High-Position Anchor versus Anatomic Repair: An Analysis Based on 3D CT

Background: In patients with chronic ankle instability, it is important to repair the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) at the anatomic origin site. However, there are limited reports on the clinical outcomes according to anatomic ATFL repair. Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes after arthroscopic ATFL repair according to whether the anchor is fixed at an anatomic position. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic ATFL repair for chronic ankle instability and were available for a minimum 2-year follow-up. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the anchor position at the distal fibula on 3-dimensional computed tomography: anatomic arthroscopic ATFL repair (anatomic group), subanatomic arthroscopic ATFL repair (subanatomic group), and nonanatomic arthroscopic ATFL repair (nonanatomic group). The visual analog scale for pain, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and Karlsson ankle functional score were measured as subjective outcomes. Posturographic analysis and radiologic evaluation using stress radiographs and axial view magnetic resonance imaging were performed as objective outcomes. Results: Of 96 patients, 16 were excluded per the exclusion criteria, and 80 were evaluated (anatomic group, n = 24; subanatomic group, n = 42; nonanatomic group, n = 14). The mean age of the patients was 34.5 years, and the mean follow-up period was 27.4 months. A between-group comparison revealed significant differences in FAOS, Karlsson score, and fall risk evaluated by posturography at the final follow-up. Post hoc analysis revealed that the anatomic group had better clinical scores on the FAOS than did the nonanatomic group in all 5 domains (all P < .017). Patients in the anatomic and subanatomic groups had better Karlsson scores and fall risk than those in the nonanatomic group (P = .004 and P = .013, respectively). In terms of objective outcomes, patients in the anatomic and subanatomic groups had better outcomes in fall risk than did those in the nonanatomic group (both P = .001). There were no differences in clinical scores and objective outcomes between the anatomic and subanatomic groups. Conclusion: Nonanatomic ATFL repair showed inferior outcomes when compared with anatomic ATFL repair. When arthroscopic ATFL repair is performed, the anchor should be fixed in the anatomic position to improve prognosis.
Combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy by the immunoconjugates-based nanocomplexes synergistically improves therapeutic efficacy in SCLC

Abstract Although the etoposide and carboplatin (EP) combination strategy has been the first-line chemotherapy, patients with extensive-stage disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) still have poor survival outcomes. Our retrospective analysis revealed that 46 patients with SCLC only achieved medium overall survival (OS) of 11.6 months after treated by EP. Recently, it was demonstrated that combination therapy of PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocker and EP could significantly improve the OS of SCLC patients. However, the serious treatment-related toxicity leaded to a high rate of treatment-discontinuation or even death. In the present study, we have developed a novel TPP1-conjugated nanocomplex, abbreviated as TPP1NP-EP, which was co-loaded with carboplatin (CBP) and etoposide (VP16). The TPP1 was a PD-L1 targeting peptide and conjugated on the surface of nanocomplex by a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2/9)-cleavable peptide linker sequence PLGLAG. For dual-loading of CBP and VP16, the CBP was chemically conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–poly(caprolactone) (PCL) by pH-sensitive hydrazone bond and the VP16 was physically encapsulated by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated an excellent anti-tumor effect of TPP1NP-EP on SCLC and improved safety. In conclusion, the present study has provided a promising strategy for treatment of malignant SCLC.
New GPU computing algorithm for wind load uncertainty analysis on high-rise systems

In recent years, the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has become a competitive computing technology in comparison with the standard Central Processing Unit (CPU) technology due to reduced unit cost, energy and computing time. This paper describes the derivation and implementation of GPU-based algorithms for the analysis of wind loading uncertainty on high-rise systems, in line with the research field of probability-based wind engineering. The study begins by presenting an application of the GPU technology to basic linear algebra problems to demonstrate advantages and limitations. Subsequently, Monte-Carlo integration and synthetic generation of wind turbulence are examined. Finally, the GPU architecture is used for the dynamic analysis of three high-rise structural systems under uncertain wind loads. In the first example the fragility analysis of a single degree-of-freedom structure is illustrated. Since fragility analysis employs sampling-based Monte Carlo simulation, it is feasible to distribute the evaluation of different random parameters among different GPU threads and to compute the results in parallel. In the second case the fragility analysis is carried out on a continuum structure, i.e., a tall building, in which double integration is required to evaluate the generalized turbulent wind load and the dynamic response in the frequency domain. The third example examines the computation of the generalized coupled wind load and response on a tall building in both along-wind and cross-wind directions. It is concluded that the GPU can perform computational tasks on average 10 times faster than the CPU.
On the Identification of Transfer Function Noise Models with Several Correlated Inputs

In the paper an example is given of the identification of a transfer function noise model with two input processes using artifilcially generated data. The identification is based on the impulse response weights, which are estimated using frequency domain tools. A small simulation experiment is carried out to study the frequer zy domain estimates of impulse response weights.
Investigate the effect of COVID‐19 inactivated vaccine on sperm parameters and embryo quality in in vitro fertilization

Since the reproductive toxicity of COVID‐19 vaccines have not been assessed in previous clinical trials, and studies have shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with a decrease in sperm parameters. Although it has been reported that the mRNA SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines do not adversely affect semen parameters, whether this conclusion applies to inactivated vaccines remains unclear. Here, we conducted a study among patients who accepted in vitro fertilization (IVF) at the reproductive centre between June and August of 2021. In the enrolled cases, men who have completed two doses of COVID‐19 inactivated vaccine were included in “vaccine group” (N = 105), and those who were not vaccinated were included in “control group” (N = 155). In this study, we compare the sperm parameters and embryo quality between these two groups. Our data showed that the sperm parameters were similar in terms of volume, sperm concentration, sperm count, progressive motility, total motility and total motile sperm count between these two groups. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in IVF outcomes. The mean number of 2PN, cleavage‐stage embryos, blastocysts, and good‐quality blastocysts was 8.59 ± 4.47, 5.06 ± 3.17 and 2.08 ± 1.79 in vaccine group, 7.75 ± 4.14, 4.34 ± 3.06 and 1.74 ± 1.54 in control group, respectively. The high‐quality blastocyst rate was 41.05% (218 of 531) in vaccine group and 40.03% (269 of 672) in control group (p > 0.05). In addition, no differences were observed in biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates between the two groups. In summary, our results revealed that COVID‐19 inactivated vaccine administration exhibited no negative effect on sperm parameters and embryo quality in IVF.
Orthopedic surgical procedures in 3,305 children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a register-based cohort study

Background and purpose Few reports have described the panorama of orthopedic surgeries that children with cerebral palsy (CP) undergo. We analyzed the risk of a first surgery, and describe the frequency of orthopedic surgeries in terms of age, sex, anatomical location, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level in children and young adults with CP. Patients and methods This was a register-based cohort study of 3,305 individuals followed until 2–25 years of age. We used data from 2 national Swedish registers: the CPUP CP surveillance program and the Swedish National Patient Register. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated to describe the risk of undergoing a first orthopedic surgery, related to age. Results We included data for 3,311 orthopedic operations in 1,717 surgical sessions. The percentage of children operated on before age 15 years increased from 22% (95% CI 19–26) for GMFCS level I to 70% (CI 64–75) for level V. Ankle and foot surgery was predominant as first surgery for GMFCS I–II, and hip and femur surgery for GMFCS IV–V. Spinal surgery occurred almost exclusively for GMFCS IV–V. Descriptive data showed repeated surgical sessions to be frequent for higher GMFCS levels. Interpretation The risk of having a first orthopedic surgical treatment increased with increasing GMFCS level and was initiated at younger age in children with higher GMFCS level.
Epidemiological Aspects and High Magnitude of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ceará, Northeast of Brazil, 2007-2021

ABSTRACT Background: Human visceral leishmaniasis HVL is endemic to 75 countries. The state of Ceará, the Northeast region of Brazil, is of great sanitary importance for the transmission of HVL, and it stands out as an area of interest for epidemiological aspects and control strategies. This study aimed to characterize HVL in relation to epidemiological aspects, composite incidence, and mortality rates in the state of Ceará, Brazil, from 2007 to 2021. Methods: This ecological study used temporal and spatial cuts of HVL data from the notifiable diseases information system. Epidemiological indicators such as incidence, mortality, and composite indices of incidence and mortality were calculated according to the Ministry of Health standardization. Results: There were 6,775 confirmed cases, with high incidence coefficients in 2009 6.96 cases/100,000 inhabitants and 2011 9.83 cases/100,000 inhabitants, and the highest mortality rate in 2011 6.96 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. The composite index of incidence and mortality identified municipalities in the Northern, Northwestern, and Southern regions of Ceará as having the highest risk of HVL. Conclusions: HVL remained endemic throughout the study period, with epidemiological indicators and risk of transmission expressing high magnitude, mainly in the Northeast, Northwest, and South regions of Ceará.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, TINGKAT PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN, LIKUIDITAS, DAN PAJAK TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PADA SEKTOR PARIWISATA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, tingkat pertumbuhan perusahaan, likuiditas, dan pajak terhadap struktur modal pada sektor pariwisata di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor pariwisata di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang berjumlah 18 perusahaan periode 2010-2014. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, sehingga sampel akhir yang didapatkan adalah 14 perusahaan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi non partisipan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari ICMD. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 22 for windows . Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa, profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal, tingkat pertumbuhan perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal, likuiditas berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap struktur modal dan pajak tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal.
Stress on caregivers providing prolonged mechanical ventilation patient care in different facilities: A cross-sectional study

Purpose Taiwan has implemented an integrated prospective payment program (IPP) for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) patients that consists of four stages of care: intensive care unit (ICU), respiratory care center (RCC), respiratory care ward (RCW), and respiratory home care (RHC). We aimed to investigate the life impact on family caregivers of PMV patients opting for a payment program and compared different care units. Method A total of 610 questionnaires were recalled. Statistical analyses were conducted by using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression model. Results The results indicated no associations between caregivers’ stress levels and opting for a payment program. Participants in the non-IPP group spent less time with friends and family owing to caregiver responsibilities. The results of the family domain show that the RHC group (OR = 2.54) had worsened family relationships compared with the ICU group; however, there was less psychological stress in the RCC (OR = 0.54) and RCW (OR = 0.16) groups than in the ICU group. In the social domain, RHC interviewees experienced reduced friend and family interactivity (OR = 2.18) and community or religious activities (OR = 2.06) than the ICU group. The RCW group felt that leisure and work time had less effect (OR = 0.37 and 0.41) than the ICU group. Furthermore, RCW interviewees (OR = 0.43) were less influenced by the reduced family income than the ICU group in the economic domain. Conclusions RHC family caregivers had the highest level of stress, whereas family caregivers in the RCW group had the lowest level of stress.
Sex‐specific mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy response to muscle damage

Muscle damage imposes stress on mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitophagy. Testosterone is a regulator of these processes. However, no study has examined the effect of sex‐specific resistance exercise (RE)‐induced hormonal response on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy after muscle damage in untrained men and women. Untrained men and women performed two sessions of 80 unilateral maximal eccentric knee extensions (ECC) followed by upper‐body RE (ECC+RE) aimed to induce hormonal changes and maintain a similar lower body demands between conditions or 20 min seated rest (ECC+REST). Vastus lateralis samples were analyzed for gene and protein expression of OPA1, MFN1, DRP1, PINK1, and Parkin at baseline (BL), 12 and 24 h. Testosterone area under the curve was greater for ECC+RE than ECC+REST in men and was greater in men than women for both conditions. A significant time × sex × condition effect was found for Parkin protein expression. At 12 and 24 h, Parkin was lower for ECC + REST than ECC + RE for men; whereas, Parkin was increased at 24 h for women regardless of condition. A significant time effect was found for OPA1 protein expression increasing at 12 and 24 h. A significant time × sex × condition effects were found for MFN1, DRP1, and PINK1 gene expression with increases at 12 h in men for ECC + RE. A significant time × sex effect was found for OPA1 gene expression with a decrease at 12 h in men, and 12 h expression in men was lower than women. RE‐induced hormonal changes promoted expression of fission, fusion, and mitophagy markers in men. With muscle damage, regardless of condition, expression of inner mitochondrial membrane fusion markers are promoted in both sexes; whereas, those for mitophagy were promoted in women but reduced in men.