Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecología de la nutria (Lontra longicaudis) en el municipio de Temascaltepec, estado de México: estudio de caso

The neotropical river otter ( Lontra longicaudis ) is one of the least studied otter species, which makes it prioritary to conduct research on its ecology in order to identify key areas for the species conservation. The knowledge of otter ecology in Mexico has increased thanks to studies conducted by numerous researchers. However, very little is known about the ecology of the species in the State of Mexico, where habitat conditions might be less than ideal because of heavy anthropogenic disturbances. Given this scenario, the ultimate aim of this study is to present recent findings on the ecology of L. Longicaudis in Temascaltepec, State of Mexico. Key findings from studies conducted in the area between 2003 and 2007; include a strong association between otter density and specific riparian habitat characteristics, otter diet largely based on an invasive species and the existence of a striking otter-human conflict which could jeopardize the survival of the species in the area. Key words: carnivore, ecology, Estado de Mexico, Lontra longicaudis , Temascaltepec.
Radiolaria‐dated Lower Permian clastic‐rock sequence in the Fukuji area of the Hida‐gaien terrane, central Japan, and its inter‐terrane correlation across Southwest Japan

The stratigraphy and radiolarian age of the Mizuyagadani Formation in the Fukuji area of the Hida‐gaien terrane, central Japan, represent those of Lower Permian clastic‐rock sequences of the Paleozoic non‐accretionary‐wedge terranes of Southwest Japan that formed in island arc–forearc/back‐arc basin settings. The Mizuyagadani Formation consists of calcareous clastic rocks, felsic tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, tuffaceous mudstone, sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate, and lenticular limestone. Two distinctive radiolarian faunas that are newly reported from the Lower Member correspond to the zonal faunas of the Pseudoalbaillella u‐forma morphotype I assemblage zone to the Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria range zone (Asselian to Sakmarian) and the Albaillella sinuata range zone (Kungurian). In spite of a previous interpretation that the Mizuyagadani Formation is of late Middle Permian age, it consists of Asselian to Kungurian tuffaceous clastic strata in its lower part and is conformably overlain by the Middle Permian Sorayama Formation. An inter‐terrane correlation of the Mizuyagadani Formation with Lower Permian tuffaceous clastic strata in the Kurosegawa terrane and the Nagato tectonic zone of Southwest Japan indicates the presence of an extensive Early Permian magmatic arc(s) that involved almost all of the Paleozoic non‐accretionary‐wedge terranes in Japan. These new biostratigraphic data provide the key to understanding the original relationships among highly disrupted Paleozoic terranes in Japan and northeast Asia.
An attempt to correlate HRTEM and XRD determination of coherent scattering domain size of illite-smectite interstratification using "illite crystallinity"

JABOYEDOFF M. , † KUBLER B. , STADELMANN P., THELIN Ph. , 2001. An attempt to correlate HRTEM and XRD determination of coherent scattering domain size of illite-smectite interstratification using «illite crystallinity». Bull. Soc. vaud. Sc. nat. 87.4: 305-319. The relationships among the Kubler Index (KI), coherent scattering domain thickness, and HRTEM data are examined, using careful modeling of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of air dried, glycolated, and heated samples of interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) from a stylolitic marly limestone. The XRD spectra are decomposed assuming that I-S consists of illite particles can be separated along expandable interlayers; there are also small amounts of two discrete phases mica phases and maybe pyrophyllite. The values obtained for coherent diffraction domain thickness of I-S are compatible with results obtained by HRTEM.
Prehistoric wall paintings: the case of the Domus de Janas necropolis (Sardinia, Italy)

The Domus de Janas (Home of the Fairies, or Home of the Witches) are Neolithic hypogea located throughout Sardinia (Italy) and decorated with red and black wall paintings. The objective of this study was to define the painting technique through the analytical characterization of the pigments and binding media. Samples of painting film from different graves have been examined by means of various analytical techniques. XRD, Raman and SEM–EDX analyses identified the red and black pigments respectively as red ochre rich in hematite and carbon black, while GC–MS analyses characterized the organic binder as egg.
Optimization of Bromocriptine-Mesylate-Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Bromocriptine mesylate (BM), primarily ergocryptine, is a dopamine agonist derived from ergot alkaloids. This study aimed to formulate chitosan (CS)-coated poly ε-caprolactone nanoparticles (PCL NPs) loaded with BM for direct targeting to the brain via the nasal route. PCL NPs were optimized using response surface methodology and a Box–Behnken factorial design. Independent formulation parameters for nanoparticle attributes, including PCL payload (A), D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) concentration (B), and sonication time (C), were investigated. The dependent variables were nanoparticle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), entrapment efficiency (EE; Y3), and drug release rate (Y4). The optimal formulation for BM-PCL NPs was determined to be 50 mg PCL load, 0.0865% TPGS concentration, and 8 min sonication time, resulting in nanoparticles with a size of 296 ± 2.9 nm having a zeta potential of −16.2 ± 3.8 mV, an EE of 90.7 ± 1.9%, and a zero-order release rate of 2.6 ± 1.3%/min. The optimized BM-PCL NPs were then coated with CS at varying concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) to enhance their effect. The CS-PCL NPs exhibited different particle sizes and zeta potentials depending on the CS concentration used. The highest EE (88%) and drug load (DL; 5.5%) were observed for the optimized BM-CS-PCL NPs coated with 0.25% CS. The BM-CS-PCL NPs displayed a biphasic release pattern, with an initial rapid drug release lasting for 2 h, followed by a sustained release for up to 48 h. The 0.25% CS-coated BM-CS-PCL NPs showed a high level of permeation across the goat nasal mucosa, with reasonable mucoadhesive strength. These findings suggested that the optimized 0.25% CS-coated BM-CS-PCL NPs hold promise for successful nasal delivery, thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy of BM.
The influences of the Southern and North Atlantic Oscillations on climatic surface variables in Turkey

In this study, Turkish climatic variables (precipitation, stream flow and maximum and minimum temperatures) were first analysed in association with both the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationships between Turkish maximum and minimum monthly temperatures and the extreme phases of the SO (El Niño and La Niña events) were examined. The results of this analysis showed that relationships between Turkish monthly maximum temperatures and El Niño and La Niña contain some complexity still to be identified, because both events produce a signal indicating a correspondence with cold anomalies in the aggregate composites. A relationship between turkish minimum temperatures and El Niño was detected in western Anatolia, whereas there was no significant and consistent signal associated with La Niña. Moreover a series of cross‐correlation analyses was carried out to demonstrate the teleconnections between the climatic variables and both the NAO and SO. The NAO during winter was found to influence precipitation and stream‐flow patterns. In contrast temperature patterns appeared to be less sensitive to the NAO. Furthermore, lag‐correlation results indicated a prediction potential for both precipitation and stream‐flow variables in connection with the NAO. Simultaneous and time‐lag correlations between the climatic variables and the SO index, in general, indicated weaker relationships in comparison with those for the NAO. These analyses also showed that the influences of the SO on Turkish temperature data are negligible. The outcomes were presented in conjunction with an explanation regarding physical mechanisms behind the implied teleconnections. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative Patient Testing of a Stimuli-Responsive Swallowing Activity Sensor to Promote Extended User Engagement During the First Year After Radiation: Multiphase Remote and In-Person Observational Cohort Study

Background Frequent sensor-assisted monitoring of changes in swallowing function may help improve detection of radiation-associated dysphagia before it becomes permanent. While our group has prototyped an epidermal strain/surface electromyography sensor that can detect minute changes in swallowing muscle movement, it is unknown whether patients with head and neck cancer would be willing to wear such a device at home after radiation for several months. Objective We iteratively assessed patients’ design preferences and perceived barriers to long-term use of the prototype sensor. Methods In study 1 (questionnaire only), survivors of pharyngeal cancer who were 3-5 years post treatment and part of a larger prospective study were asked their design preferences for a hypothetical throat sensor and rated their willingness to use the sensor at home during the first year after radiation. In studies 2 and 3 (iterative user testing), patients with and survivors of head and neck cancer attending visits at MD Anderson’s Head and Neck Cancer Center were recruited for two rounds of on-throat testing with prototype sensors while completing a series of swallowing tasks. Afterward, participants were asked about their willingness to use the sensor during the first year post radiation. In study 2, patients also rated the sensor’s ease of use and comfort, whereas in study 3, preferences were elicited regarding haptic feedback. Results The majority of respondents in study 1 (116/138, 84%) were willing to wear the sensor 9 months after radiation, and participant willingness rates were similar in studies 2 (10/14, 71.4%) and 3 (12/14, 85.7%). The most prevalent reasons for participants’ unwillingness to wear the sensor were 9 months being excessive, unwanted increase in responsibility, and feeling self-conscious. Across all three studies, the sensor’s ability to detect developing dysphagia increased willingness the most compared to its appearance and ability to increase adherence to preventive speech pathology exercises. Direct haptic signaling was also rated highly, especially to indicate correct sensor placement and swallowing exercise performance. Conclusions Patients and survivors were receptive to the idea of wearing a personalized risk sensor for an extended period during the first year after radiation, although this may have been limited to well-educated non-Hispanic participants. A significant minority of patients expressed concern with various aspects of the sensor’s burden and its appearance. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03010150; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03010150
Granite genesis and basin formation in an extensional setting: The magmatic history of the Northernmost New England Orogen*

U‐Pb and K‐Ar age determinations on igneous rocks have been used to trace the Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic magmatic and tectonic history of the northern New England Orogen, northeastern Australia. The oldest igneous rocks in the Connors Arch, tonalites of the Urannah Suite, yield zircon ages of 304.3 ± 5.8 and 308.2 ± 7.1 Ma. One of a swarm of felsic dykes chemically related to the Urannah Suite granites is distinctly younger at 283.9 ± 5.2 Ma. The cross‐cutting Thunderbolt Granite is slightly younger again at 277.9 ± 6.3 Ma. The granites of the Urannah Suite are not the remnants of a Late Devonian ‐ mid‐Carboniferous arc. A zircon age of 294.2 ± 2.8 Ma measured on an ignimbrite from the Carmila beds at Dumbleton Rocks indicates initiation of the adjacent Bowen Basin during, or soon after, the main Late Carboniferous batholith‐forming event. A later generation of more isotopically primitive magmatism is represented by younger plutons and mafic dykes. The Triassic Gloucester Granite east of the Connors Arch.
Local Coupled Equatorial Variability versus Remote ENSO Forcing in an Intermediate Coupled Model of the Tropical Atlantic

The relative roles played by the remote El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing and the local air–sea interactions in the tropical Atlantic are investigated using an intermediate coupled model (ICM) of the tropical Atlantic. The oceanic component of the ICM consists of a six-baroclinic mode ocean model and a simple mixed layer model that has been validated from observations. The atmospheric component is a global atmospheric general circulation model developed at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). In a forced context, the ICM realistically simulates both the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) variability in the equatorial band, and the relaxation of the Atlantic northeast trade winds and the intensification of the equatorial westerlies in boreal spring that usually follows an El Nino event. The results of coupled experiments with or without Pacific ENSO forcing and with or without explicit air–sea interactions in the equatorial Atlantic indicate that the background energy in the equatorial Atlantic is provided by ENSO. However, the time scale of the variability and the magnitude of some peculiar events cannot be explained solely by ENSO remote forcing. It is demonstrated that the peak of SSTA variability in the 1–3-yr band as observed in the equatorial Atlantic is due to the local air–sea interactions and is not a linear response to ENSO. Seasonal phase locking in boreal summer is also the result of the local coupling. The analysis of the intrinsic sustainable modes indicates that the Atlantic El Nino is qualitatively a noisedriven stable system. Such a system can produce coherent interdecadal variability that is not forced by the Pacific or extraequatorial variability. It is shown that when a simple slab mixed layer model is embedded into the system to simulate the northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) SST variability, the warming over NTA following El Nino events have characteristics (location and peak phase) that depend on air–sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic. In the model, the interaction between the equatorial mode and NTA can produce a dipolelike structure of the SSTA variability that evolves at a decadal time scale. The results herein illustrate the complexity of the tropical Atlantic ocean–atmosphere system, whose predictability jointly depends on ENSO and the connections between the Atlantic modes of variability.
A Model For The Use Of Satellite Remote Sensing For The Measurement Of Primary Production In The Ocean

The estimation of oceanic primary production on a global scale is the focus of efforts in remote sensing using the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). The goal of this research is to provide a measure of the primary production using only satellite data for the estimate. This estimate requires the measurement of surface pigments (chlorophyll a + phaeophytin a) using the CZCS, an estimate of the sea-surface temperature using the AVHRR and determination of the incident solar irradiance using GOES imagery. In this paper, we describe a model of primary production based upon the responses of phytoplankton to differing light and nutrient fields. This model includes the effects on production of variations in surface pigment concentration, the mixed layer depth and the dependence on the incident solar irradiance. The model has been tested using in situ data provided by the Southern California Bight Studies (Eppley, et al., 1979), California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI), Organization of Persistent Upwelling Structures (J.B. Soolloo in OPUS Data Report) and other data sets. A synoptic measure of the distribution of surface pigments is derived from the West Coast Chlorophyll and Temperature Time Series (West Coast Time Series Advisory Group, 1985). The features and behavior of the model will be presented together with the results of the model verification.
The Comprehension of Expository Texts In Students: A Systematic Review Study Between 2017-2022

The present study aims to systematize the scientific literature regarding the comprehension of expository texts in students. The study used the PRISMA method to identify studies in the Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), EBSCO, Scielo and ERIC databases in the period 2017-2022. A total of 1421 records were identified, which went through inclusion and exclusion criteria, where finally 14 included studies remained. These studies sought to answer the research question: What are the most used strategies for the compression of expository texts in students? The data collected based on the systematization of the studies was structured into 2 matrices based on the authors, countries according to the corresponding author, keywords, dimensions, instruments used, approaches, application strategies and the conclusions of the studies in order to find possible methodological or conclusion similarities, verifying strengths or weaknesses that have been presented by studies on the comprehension of expository texts in students. The results analyzed show that Argentina is the country with the highest frequency of publications regarding correspondence between authors. Similarly, among the keywords that stand out we have expository text, reading comprehension, oral comprehension, learning strategies, self-regulation, reading strategies, writing strategies. According to the content studied, it is concluded that, among the most frequent strategies for the compression of expository texts, is the use of paraphrasing, literalness, macro-rules, the memorization technique, paper or digital notes, organizers graphics and digital strategies. In addition, comprehension difficulties were found in the studies due to the complex structure of the expository texts. On the other hand, a strong relationship was identified between self-regulation and comprehension of expository texts, the greater the regulation of student learning, the greater the general comprehension of expository texts.
Sea surface temperature signals from satellites—An update

Polar satellite‐derived observations of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have been used routinely since 1982 to provide a complete monitoring of our planet, covering all comers of the oceans (unless covered by clouds) twice each day. In 1992, an initial glimpse was published (Strong, 1992) of some tendencies that had been observed during the 1980s. Now that seven additional years of NOAA satellite SST data have become available, the earlier time‐series (Strong, 1992) has been up‐dated, hi this analysis of the global nighttime SSTs, care was taken to avoid the anomalous conditions found during the 1982–83 El Chichón aerosols, 1991–92 Mt. Pinatubo aerosols, and the strong El Niño of 1997‐98. Evidence of warming is found to be present throughout much of the Tropics and in the mid‐latitude Northern Hemisphere. Estimates from the Southern Hemisphere, while strongly indicative of compensatory cooling in the region, are found to be not as reliable.
Colin Kaepernick, Tim Tebow, and the magic of comparison: muscular Christianity as white racial frame

ABSTRACT This article explores how muscular Christianity operates as a media frame for athlete religiosity and how the muscular Christian frame contributes to essentialist and racialised stereotypes about Black and white athletes, which in turn reinforce ‘common-sense’ assumptions around black and white religion that perpetuate and transmit white supremacist values. We present these findings starting from a critical comparative media analysis of athlete religiosity, articulated with respect to Colin Kaepernick and Tim Tebow. Our analysis produced two primary findings. First, while both Kaepernick and Tebow were framed as ‘muscular Christians’ by news media, this framing was racialised, constituting both athletes within what Feagin termed a ‘White racial frame’ (2013, 14). Second, the comparative media sub-discourse of a Kaepernick/Tebow comparison itself functioned to extend the white racial frame by essentializing Kaepernick’s protest as ‘Black Christian progressive’ action and dichotomising this as necessary and compatible with conservative white evangelicalism. The underlying ideas about muscular Christianity in these media representations are not neutral. Presupposing whiteness, they obscure the active construction of a white, masculine, (evangelical) Protestant religiosity against which other representations are measured, sometimes explicitly, but more often implicitly. The article concludes with implications for understanding the cultural politics of Kaepernick and Tebow, adding to extant ‘cultural backlash’ explanations.
Multiple reflection and attenuation of time domain reflectometry pulses: Theoretical considerations for applications to soil and water

The application of time domain reflectometry (TDR) to determine soil water content, using only the time axis of a TDR trace, has been widely investigated. Other interpretations from the TDR trace, such as the determination of electrical conductivity, make use of the amplitude or reflection coefficient values. These latter interpretations must take account of multiple reflections in the media. A multiple-reflection algorithm is developed which takes account of primary reflection first, then provides for inclusion of higher-order reflections as well. The algorithm is formulated to generate the TDR trace from a sequence of known dielectrics. The inverse case is analyzed where the dielectric constant of the layered medium is calculated from a measured TDR trace. The model allows for both conductive and nonconductive dielectrics. Experiments showed that the model is a reasonably good qualitative representation of the layered nonconductive media with a wide range of dielectric constants. There is insufficient information in a TDR trace to solve the conductive cases except for a single layer. From KCl solutions at two concentrations the experiments showed that instantaneous reflection and transmission are inadequate assumptions for conductive systems. This indicates the need for caution when applying the model to conductive media such as soils, especially where soil water content is not uniform.
Interplay between inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics and the gut microbiome reveals opportunities for novel treatment approaches

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex heterogeneous disorder defined by recurring chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, attributed to a combination of factors including genetic susceptibility, altered immune response, a shift in microbial composition/microbial insults (infection/exposure), and environmental influences. Therapeutics generally used to treat IBD mainly focus on the immune response and include non-specific anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutics and targeted therapeutics aimed at specific components of the immune system. Other therapies include exclusive enteral nutrition and emerging stem cell therapies. However, in recent years, scientists have begun to examine the interplay between these therapeutics and the gut microbiome, and we present this information here. Many of these therapeutics are associated with alterations to gut microbiome composition and functionality, often driving it toward a “healthier profile” and preclinical studies have revealed that such alterations can play an important role in therapeutic efficacy. The gut microbiome can also improve or hinder IBD therapeutic efficacy or generate undesirable metabolites. For certain IBD therapeutics, the microbiome composition, particularly before treatment, may serve as a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. Utilising this information and manipulating the interactions between the gut microbiome and IBD therapeutics may enhance treatment outcomes in the future and bring about new opportunities for personalised, precision medicine.