Signal and Image Processing in Navigational Systems

Preface About the Author Introduction THEORY OF FLUCTUATING TARGET RETURN SIGNALS IN NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS Probability Distribution Density of the Amplitude and Phase of the Target Return Signal Two-Dimensional Probability Distribution Density of the Amplitude and Phase Probability Distribution Density of the Amplitude Probability Distribution Density of the Phase Probability Distribution Density Parameters of the Target Return Signal as a Function of the Distribution Law of the Amplitude and Phase of Elementary Signals Conclusions References Correlation Function of Target Return Signal Fluctuations Target Return Signal Fluctuations The Correlation Function and Power Spectral Density of the Target Return Signal The Correlation Function with the Searching Signal of Arbitrary Shape The Correlation Function under Scanning of the Three-Dimensional (Space) Target The Correlation Function in Angle Scanning of the Two-Dimensional (Surface) Target The Correlation Function under Vertical Scanning of the Two-Dimensional (Surface) Target Conclusions References Fluctuations Under Scanning of the Three-Dimensional (Space) Target with the Moving Radar Slow and Rapid Fluctuations The Doppler Fluctuations of a High-Deflected Radar Antenna The Doppler Fluctuations in the Arbitrarily Deflected Radar Antenna The Total Power Spectral Density with the Pulsed Searching Signal Conclusions References Fluctuations Under Scanning of the Two-Dimensional (Surface) Target by the Moving Radar General Statements The Continuous Searching Nonmodulated Signal The Pulsed Searching Signal with Stationary Radar The Pulsed Searching Signal with the Moving Radar: The Aspect Angle Correlation Function The Pulsed Searching Signal with the Moving Radar: The Azimuth Correlation Function The Pulsed Searching Signal with the Moving Radar: The Total Correlation Function and Power Spectral Density of the Target Return Signal Fluctuations Short-Range Area of the Radar Antenna Vertical Scanning of the Two-Dimensional (Surface) Target Determination of the Power Spectral Density Conclusions References Fluctuations Caused by Radar Antenna Scanning General Statements Line Scanning Conical Scanning Conical Scanning with Simultaneous Rotation of Polarization Plane Conclusions References Fluctuations Caused by the Moving Radar with Simultaneous Radar Antenna Scanning General Statements The Moving Radar with Simultaneous Radar Antenna Line Scanning The Moving Radar with Simultaneous Radar Antenna Conical Scanning Conclusions References Fluctuations Caused by Scatterers Moving Under the Stimulus of the Wind Deterministic Displacements of Scatterers under the Stimulus of the Layered Wind Scatterers Moving Chaotically (Displacement and Rotation) Simultaneous Deterministic and Chaotic Motion of Scatterers Conclusions References Fluctuations Under Scanning of the Two-Dimensional (Surface) Target with the Continuous Frequency-Modulated Signal General Statements The Linear Frequency-Modulated Searching Signal The Asymmetric Saw-Tooth Frequency-Modulated Searching Signal The Symmetric Saw-Tooth Frequency-Modulated Searching Signal The Harmonic Frequency-Modulated Searching Signal Phase Characteristics of the Transformed Target Return Signal under Harmonic Frequency Modulation Conclusions References Fluctuations Under Scanning of the Three-Dimensional (Space) Target by the Continuous Signal with a Frequency that Varies with Time General Statements The Nontransformed Target Return Signal The Transformed Target Return Signal Conclusions References Fluctuations Caused by Variations in Frequency from Pulse to Pulse Three-Dimensional (Space) Target Scanning Two-Dimensional (Surface) Target Scanning Conclusions References GENERALIZED APPROACH TO SPACE-TIME SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING IN NAVIGATIONAL SYSTEMS Foundations of the Generalized Approach to Signal Processing in Noise Basic Concepts Criticism Initial Premises Likelihood Ratio The Engineering Interpretation Generalized Detector Conclusions References Theory of Space-Time Signal and Image Processing in Navigational Systems Basic Concepts of Navigational System Functioning Basics of the Generalized Approach to Signal and Image Processing in Time Basics of the Generalized Approach to Space-Time Signal and Image Processing Space-Time Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition Based on the Generalized Approach to Signal Processing Peculiarities of Optical Signal Formation Peculiarities of the Formation of the Earth's Surface Radar Image Foundations of Digital Image Processing Conclusions References Implementation Methods of the Generalized Approach to Space-Time Signal and Image Processing in Navigational Systems Synthesis of Quasioptimal Space-Time Signal and Image Processing Algorithms Based on the Generalized Approach to Signal Processing The Quasioptimal Generalized Image Processing Algorithm The Classical Generalized Image Processing Algorithm The Difference Generalized Image Processing Algorithm The Generalized Phase Image Processing Algorithm The Generalized Image Processing Algorithm: Invariant Moments The Generalized Image Processing Algorithm: Amplitude Ranking The Generalized Image Processing Algorithm: Gradient Vector Sums The Generalized Image Processing Algorithm: Bipartite Functions The Hierarchical Generalized Image Processing Algorithm The Generalized Image Processing Algorithm: The Use of the Most Informative Area The Generalized Image Processing Algorithm: Coding of Images The Multichannel Generalized Image Processing Algorithm Conclusions References Object Image Preprocessing Object Image Distortions Geometrical Transformations Detection of Boundary Edges Conclusions References Appendix I: Classification of Stochastic Processes Appendix II: The Power Spectral Density of the Target Return Signal with Arbitrary Velocity Vector Direction of the Moving Radar in Space and with the Presence of Roll and Pitch Angles Notation Index Index