Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Among Inpatients of Jimma Hospital, South Western Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of community and hospital acquired infections. The emergence of methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in the hospitals and the community is a serious health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the nasal carriage and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Jimma Hospital inpatients. METHOD: This cross sectional study was conducted from January 22 to February 18, 2002. Nasal swabs from 152 inpatients were taken using simple systematic sampling method. Specimens were cultured on mannitol-salt and blood agars. Antimicrobial tested included ampicillin, Oxacillin, Erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, and clindamycin. Susceptibility tests were carried out on Muller Hinton agar using modified Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method. Questionnaire was employed to collect data on risk factors for nasal colonization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS: Out of the total 152 inpatients enrolled in the study, 79(52%) were males and 73(48%) females with a sex ratio of 1:08. One hundred forty-four swabs cultured on mannitol salt agar grew Staphylococcus species out of which 85(59%) were coagulase positive and 59 (41%) were coagulase negative. Antibiotic sensitivities of 85 Staphylococcus aureus isolates to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole, oxacillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, gentamycin and clidamycin showed resistance pattern of 87.1%, 70.6%, 68.2%, 51.8%, 42.4%, 16.5, 15.3% and 12.9% respectively. 51.8% of the isolates were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 72.9% were multi resistant. There was an association between known underlying conditions, previous hospitalization and previous antibiotic use with carriage state of Staphylococcus aureus; P< 0.05. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high rate of nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among inpatients. Most methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are resistant to other beta-lactam antibiotics. Hence, antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be conducted before prescribing antibiotics in order reduce the transmission route and control the problem. [Ethiop J Health Sci 2003; 13(2): 107-116].
Pygoscelis penguin diets on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, with a special focus on the krill Euphausia superba

Abstract In the krill-based ecosystem of the Antarctic, fluctuations in the distribution and abundance of Euphausia superba may have strong impacts on predator populations; thus, it is crucial to observe the feeding ecology of Antarctic predators, especially in the light of climate change and increasing human pressure. We determined the composition of euphausiid species in diet samples collected from Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) penguins on King George Island (South Shetlands Islands) during a breeding season. For all three penguin species, euphausiids (mainly E. superba) represented almost the entirety of researched stomach samples (i.e. 99.9% in the case of Adélie and chinstrap penguins), while gentoo penguins also proved to feed on fish (99.4% krill; 0.5% fish). Analysed material differed in the size of eaten E. superba specimens, with the smallest crustaceans consumed by Adélie penguins. Furthermore, we found differences in the ratio of consumed krill and krill size. Such disparities may be a result of sex-based differences and slight differences in feeding areas between the birds. Additionally, we noted some fragments of plastic debris in the investigated penguin diet samples.
Spectral Modeling of Charge Exchange in the Central Region of M51

Charge exchange (CX) emission reveals the significant interaction between neutral and ionized interstellar medium components of the dense, multiphase, circumnuclear region of a galaxy. We use a model including a thermal and CX components to describe the high-resolution XMM-Newton/RGS spectrum of the diffuse emission in the central region of M51. Representative signatures of CX emission—especially the prominent O vii forbidden line and the excess emission in the O viii Lyγ lines—can be explained by the model. Combined with Chandra images in the O viii and the O vii bands, we find soft X-ray emission is dominated by the jet-driven outflow and its interaction with the ambient neutral material. The jet-driven outflow itself is likely a thermal plasma of ∼0.59 keV, with mostly sub-solar abundances. It runs into the ambient neutral gas, and produces significant CX emission that accounts for one-fifth of the diffuse X-ray emission in the 7–28 Å band. The effective interface area in the CX process is one order of magnitude greater than the geometrical surface area of the jet-driven outflow. The tenuous outflow driven by the nuclear star formation may also contribute a small portion to both the diffuse thermal and CX emission. The photoionization by the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the resonance scattering by the hot gas itself are disfavored, though the effects from past AGN events may not be ruled out.
Point-of-Care Testing to Guide Treatment and Estimate Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Eswatini

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 127 million new cases of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), 87 million new cases of Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), and 156 million new cases of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) each year, which corresponds to 355 (219–606), 303 (216–468), and 243 (97.6–425) thousand disability-adjusted life-years. In low-resource settings, however, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are treated syndromically and many individuals with asymptomatic infection may be missed, especially adolescents and young adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods We enrolled patients aged 15–24 with HIV (N = 300) attending a family-centered HIV clinic in Mbabane, Eswatini. Participants completed a sexual history questionnaire and provided urine as well as oropharyngeal and/or vaginal swabs, if sexually active, for testing with Xpert CT/NG and TV tests. Analysis included bivariate and multivariate odds ratios and test sensitivity and specificity. Results Sexually transmitted infection rates were highest (25.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.2–37.3) in females ages 20–24 who were ever sexually active. In patients with confirmed STIs, NG (15 of 32, 47%) was more common than CT (9 of 32, 28%) and TV (8 of 32, 25%). Syndromic screening alone had a sensitivity of 32.0% (95% CI, 14.9–53.3) and specificity of 86.0% (95% CI, 79.0–91.4) but varied by gender. The presence of an STI was associated with reporting new sexual partner(s) (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.4), sometimes to never using condoms (OR = 4.2; 95% CI, 1.7–10.2), most recent sexual partner >25 years old (OR = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3–7.9), and HIV diagnosis at age ≥15 years (OR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4–8.2). Conclusions Syndromic screening alone performed poorly. Routine diagnostic testing significantly increases STI detection and should be considered in high-risk populations, such as adolescents and young adults with HIV.
The Development of Social Exclusion Detection in Early Childhood: Awareness of Social Exclusion Does Not Always Align with Social Preferences

ABSTRACT Starting in the preschool years, children show socially exclusive behaviors, such as intentionally leaving out another child from a ball game. Prior research investigating social exclusion understanding in preschoolers primarily used interview methods and it is clear that the verbal and cognitive skills necessary to identify and reason about social exclusion become more sophisticated with age. Yet it is unknown how children’s ability to identify social exclusion relates to their own behavior, such as their social preference for socially inclusive or exclusive individuals. Further, whether such social preferences remain stable or change across development is an open question. Thus, the current study investigated whether the ability to identify social exclusion develops in tandem with social preference behavior by assessing 3- to 6-year-old children’s (N = 256) identification of social exclusion and preferences between socially exclusive and inclusive agents. Five- to six-year-old children correctly identified social exclusion and preferred inclusive agents over exclusive agents across two experiments. Three- to four-year-old children could correctly identify social exclusion, but did not show evidence of a preference for inclusive agents over exclusive agents. Children were also able to detect implicit, nonverbalized social exclusion equally well as explicit, verbalized social exclusion across development. These findings suggest that young children’s social preferences are not wholly dictated by their ability to identify socially exclusive agents. This divergent pattern of social preference from identification has implications for interpreting social preference behavior in young children.
A comparison of techniques in age estimation using the third molar

ABSTRACT Identification of human remains often depends on estimating the age at death. The most reliable age estimation methods in juveniles have been based on dental development. This study evaluated the Demirjian (DGT), Nolla, and Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (MFH) methods in estimating age in a modern population from Sudbury, Ontario, Canada using third molars as seen in 361 clinical panoramic digital radiographs of 361 individuals. Inclusion in this study required there to be at least one developing third molar clearly present in the radiograph with a known date of birth. This yielded a sample of 179 females and 182 males with an age range from 7.9 to 29.9 years. All three methods were found to be suitable in the estimation of the chronological age using the third molar. However, the Nolla method proved to be the most applicable at estimating age based on derived polynomial regression R2 values ranging from 0.854 to 0.891.
Professionalising Community Work andits implications for Radical CommunityEducation.

This article adopts a radical lens and examines the relationship between community development, adult education and professionalism. It draws from research on one specific community- university partnership and presents the professionalisation of community work as detrimental to radical practice because of its encouragement of individual vertical progression for learners and a favouring of professional practitioner benefits over collective community gain.
Does individual investors’ attention influence underwriters’ IPO pricing?

ABSTRACT Using a unique Chinese IPO bidding dataset and a particular social media dataset, we examine the impact of individual investors’ attention on underwriters’ offer price adjustment, offer price revision, IPO initial returns, and long-term performance. We find that when a company receives more attention from individual investors before the underwriter finalizes the offer price, the underwriter will adjust the offer price higher. Moreover, we find that the IPO initial returns are significantly positively related to individual investors’ attention. These findings suggest that individual investors will influence underwriters’ pricing behaviour from a new perspective, – –investors’ attention. Finally, we do not find a significant relationship between individual investors’ attention and IPO long-run performance.
Gene-Environment Interactions and the Risk of Barrett's Esophagus in Three US Cohorts.

OBJECTIVES Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) risk. In addition, environmental factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, and heartburn increase BE risk. However, data on potential interactions between these genetic and environmental factors on BE risk are scant. Understanding how genes and environmental risk factors interact may provide key insight into the pathophysiology of BE, and potentially identify opportunities for targeted prevention and treatment. The objectives of this study were to examine the main effects and the potential effect modification between known genetic loci (SNPs) and established environmental risk factors for BE. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study using data on 401 incident BE cases and 436 age-matched controls from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohorts, who gave blood and completed biennial questionnaires. Overall, we genotyped 46 SNPs identified in previous BE genome-wide association studies as well as SNPs in candidate genes related to BE susceptibility (i.e., related to excess body fat, fat distribution, factors associated with insulin resistance, and inflammatory mediators). A genetic risk score (GRS) was constructed to evaluate the combined effect of the selected SNPs on BE risk. Interactions between SNPs and BE risk factors were also assessed. RESULTS We observed a suggestive, but not statistically significant, association between our GRS and BE risk: a one-allele increase in the unweighted GRS increased the risk of BE by a factor of 1.20 (95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.44; P = 0.057). We did not observe any meaningful multiplicative interactions between smoking, alcohol consumption, or heartburn duration and BE genotypes. When we assessed the joint effect of weighted GRS and BE risk factors, we did not observe any significant interaction with alcohol and heartburn duration, whereas smoking showed a significant multiplicative interaction (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SNPs associated with BE at genome-wide significant levels can be combined into a GRS with a potential positive association with BE risk.
Using video-reflection and peer mentoring to enhance tutors’ teaching

ABSTRACT Tutors have an important teaching role in higher education (HE), but rarely receive professional development beyond one-off generic workshops or seminars. Any feedback on their teaching is typically in the form of an evaluation, rather than focussed on enhancing tutors’ teaching practice. To address this gap, we devised a professional development programme that incorporated video-recorded observations, informal student feedback, self-reflection, and peer mentoring. Twelve tutors and six mentors participated in the programme. Data included focus group interviews and audio-recorded meetings between mentors and tutors. Benefits to tutors included enhanced self-reflection, collegiality, increased confidence in teaching ability, and positive outcomes for their students’ learning. The interdisciplinary pairing of tutors and mentors resulted in dialogue that was non-evaluative, supportive, and collegial. We argue that video-recorded observations combined with peer mentoring and student feedback can enhance teaching quality by providing tutors with contextual, relevant, and individualised professional development.
We miss you George Bailey: the effect of local banking conditions on the county-level timing of the Great Recession

ABSTRACT Community banks have a unique capacity to strengthen economic resilience by alleviating local firm credit constraints during economic downturns. We provide evidence that banking access and community bank market share affected both the county-level timing and duration of the Great Recession in the United States. Using the Cox Proportional Hazards and Heckman Selection models, we find that communities with a higher community bank market share are less likely to experience recession conditions, conditional on local bank health. This suggests community banks have unique institutional structures, allowing them to continue providing funds to firms through economic downturns. This research demonstrates that local financial institutions affect economic resilience, in particular the timing and duration of recession conditions.
AVAILABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AND FULFILLMENT OF POPULATION FOOD NEEDS IN URBAN REGION (Case Study of Pekalongan City, Tengah Jawa)

The availability of agricultural land in urban areas has an important role in ensuring the availability of food for the population. The urban sprawl phenomenon that occurs in urban areas encourages the availability of agricultural land to experience shrinkage over time. Therefore, this study aims to determine the trend of the development of the area of agricultural land in Pekalongan City, and its impact on the fulfillment the food needs of the population. This study used a sample of urban areas in Pekalongan City using purposive sampling method and the data used are secondary data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Food Security and Extension Agency (BKPP) in 1989 until 2017. The data used in this study are data agricultural land area, rice production, population, and consumption per capita of rice in Pekalongan City, as well as factor data for conversion of rice to rice. Furthermore, all data is processed and then analyzed using trend analysis. The results showed that the area of agricultural land in Pekalongan City is decreasing over time. Moreover, it followed by the quantity of rice offered that also have a downward trend. In addition, the demand trend of the population's rice also declined due to the decline of rice consumption per capita population in Pekalongan City during the period 1989 to 2017.
The Validation of Assessment for Learning Audit Instrument: A Mixed Methods Approach

The CEFR-aligned curriculum promotes integration in the implementation of Assessment for Learning (AfL) by English language teachers in primary schools. This paper depicts the mixed methods pilot and validation of the Assessment for Learning Audit Instrument (AfLAi) for the purpose of examining the use and understanding of AfL among the teachers in primary schools. In Phase 1, three subject matter experts were consulted, and nine English language teachers provided consensual validation. In Phase 2, 53 English language teachers responded to the adapted instrument. AfLAi was further discussed with the validators in Phase 3. This procedure was adapted from Phase 8 of the Instrument Development and Construct Validation mixed research techniques. Among the emerging themes were on language correction, item/ instrument difficulty, and useful items. The quantitative data was compared with the scales from the original authors regarding the four key strategies of AfL in AfLAi: Sharing Learning Intentions and Success Criteria, Questions and Classroom Discussions, Feedback and Peer- and Self-Assessment. Based on the mixed data arranged in a joint display, some parts in the items were adapted to accommodate the local context. Among the findings were (i) the key strategy known as Learning Intentions in AfLAi was not applicable in the target context, and (ii) some examples in the items needed to be changed to fit the Malaysian syllabus. The implications of this pilot study and validation process included 16 changes in the instrument and the translation of the instrument into Bahasa Melayu. Keywords: Assessment for Learning; English language teachers; primary school; audit instrument; mixed methods
Imaging and Monitoring Temporal Changes of Shallow Seismic Velocities at the Garner Valley Near Anza, California, Following the M7.2 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah Earthquake

Seismograms from ~700 local earthquakes recorded at various depths (0, 6, 15, 22, 50, and 150 m) by sensors of the Garner Valley Downhole Array in Southern California are used to analyze the shallow velocity structure and temporal changes of seismic velocities after the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah (EMC) earthquake. The direct P and S wave travel times between surface and borehole stations reveal very low shear wave velocities (178–259 m/s) and very high Vp/Vs ratios (6.2) in the top 22 m. Temporal changes of seismic velocities after the EMC earthquake are estimated using autocorrelations of data in moving time windows at two borehole stations (22 and 50 m) and seismic interferometry between multiple station pairs of the Garner Valley Downhole Array. The S wave velocity in the top 6 m drops abruptly by 14.3 ± 3.3%, during the passage of surface waves from the EMC event with a peak ground acceleration of 39 Gal, and recovers in ~236 s. The average velocity reductions decrease with depth and are 10.9 ± 3.1%, 8.5 ± 2.1%, 6.3 ± 2.1%, and 4.5 ± 2.0% in the top 15, 22, 50, and 150 m, respectively. Comparisons of seismic interferometry results between sensor pairs at 0–22 and 22–150 m indicate that statistically significant velocity changes are limited at the site to the top 22 m. Pore pressure data are in phase with the surface displacement and reach maxima when the highest velocity drop occurs, suggesting fluid effects contribute to the observed velocity reductions.
Repurchase Intention Study: Empirical Investigation on Guests Staying At Budget Hotels Incorporated in Airy Rooms

The study done aimed to analyze the factors that could affect repurchase intention. The study aimed to measure the effect of service quality, brand image, and word of mouth on repurchase intention. Furthermore, the study was also to measure the most dominant factors in affecting repurchase intention, both direct and indirect effect. Semarang City was chosen as a representative place because it had the lowest room occupancy level among the provincial capitals in Java Island. The result of analysis shows that service quality, brand image, and word of mouth affected repurchase intention, both directly and indirectly. The most directly affecting variable was the word-of-mouth variable, while the variable that had indirect effect through the word-of-mouth variable was brand image. The contribution of all variables studied in affecting repurchase intention was 93.7 percent, it means that there were other factors affecting repurchase intention beyond the variables studied.
Job-Family Conflict and Impact on Turnover Intention through Job Engagement and Emotional Fatigue of Female Employess

As a phenomenon that has a significant impact on the organization, turnover is expected to be controlled by knowing and blocking the emergence of turnover intention behavior. This study seeks to uncover the factors that influence female employee turnover intention in terms of work- family conflict, work engagement, and emotional fatigue. By building an integrative framework model of the three to then be tested in structural modeling. The research sample was all female employees who worked at BPR Mengwi District in Bali. A total of 47 female employees participated in this study. This study was categorized as a cross- sectional study that focused on the turnover of the intention of female BPR employees in Mengwi District, Badung Regency, Bali Province and the analytical method used to determine the relationship between variables is a structural model using the PLS (Partial Least Square) method with SmartPLS software 2.0 version. The important findings of this study are: 1). Emotional fatigue does not have an important influence on turnover intention of female employees, 2). Job-Family conflict do not have an important influence on female employee turnover intention, 3). Job-family conflict do not have an important influence on turnover intention through employee emotional fatigue. It can be concluded that the job engagement of female employees can have an important influence on the tendency to leave the company where they work. But this is not the case with job-family conflicts and emotional fatigue felt by female BPR employees in Mengwi District.