Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Escapement of the Cape rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) through the mesh and entrance of commercial traps

-Metal-framed traps covered with polyethylene mesh used in the fishery for the South African Cape rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) incidentally capture large numbers of undersize (<75 mm CL) specimens. Air-exposure, handling, and release procedures affect captured rock lobsters and reduce the productivity of the stock, which is heavily fished. Optimally, traps should retain legal size rock lobsters and allow sublegal animals to escape before traps are hauled. Escapement, based on lobster morphometric measurements, through meshes of 62 mm, 75 mm, and 100 mm was investigated theoretically under controlled conditions in an aquarium, and during field trials. SELECT models were used to model escapement, wherever appropriate. Size -selectivity curves based on the logistic model fitted the aquarium and field data better than asymmetrical Richards curves. The lobster length at 50% retention (L-50) on the escapement curve for 100-mm mesh in the aquarium (75.5 mm CL) approximated the minimum legal size (75 mm CL); however estimates of L50 increased to 77.4 mm in field trials where trapentrances were sealed, and to 82.2 mm where trap-entrances were open. Therfore, rock lobsters that cannot escape through the mesh of sealed field traps do so through the trap entrance of open traps. By contrast, the wider selection range and lower L-25 of field, compared to aquarium, trials (SR=8.2 mm vs. 2.6 mm; L-25= 73.4 min vs. 74.1 mm), indicate that small lobsters that should be able to escape from 100-mm mesh traps do not always do so. Escapement from 62-mm mesh traps with open entrance funnels increased by 40-60% over sealed traps. The findings of this study with a known size distribution, are related to those of a recent indirect (comparative) study for the same species, and implications for trap surveys, commercial catch rates, and ghost fishing are discussed.
Growth, blood metabolites and hormones in calves fed diets with different amounts of energy and protein during the pre- or post-weaning periods

We investigated the effects of diets differing in energy and protein concentrations given during pre- and post-weaning on hormone and metabolite levels in association to parameters of growth. Sixteen Aberdeen Angus calves four-day-old were allocated in individual pens during 105 days in a randomized complete design. Animals consumed ad libitum various diets differing in proportion of energy and protein (A: 80% of concentrate, 20% alfalfa hay; B: 60% concentrate, 40% of alfalfa hay; C: 40% concentrate, 60% alfalfa hay, and D: 20% concentrate, 80% alfalfa hay). Also, calves consumed milk substitute up to 60-day-old day. Serum growth hormone and cortisol levels were not altered with diet changes (P > 0.05) neither during the pre- nor the post-weaning periods. Plasma insulin concentration average daily intake, glucose and thyroid hormone levels, and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and propionic acid were greater (P < 0.01) for diets having higher than lower energy and protein levels during the post-weaning but not during the pre-weaning period. These results suggest inclusion of higher amounts of concentrate in the diet of weaned calves. Key words: Calves, early weaning, energy, growth, hormones, metabolites, protein.
Group Antigens in Human Organs

Abstract : The monograph, which was originally published in German in 1941, deals with the important problem of the occurrence of blood group specific antigens in the tissues of man. A careful quantitative study with a mathematical analysis was carried out using two basic methods--the inhibition of isoagglutination for the presence of water-soluble group specific antigens and the complement fixation method for the demonstration of both alcohol-soluble and water-soluble group specific substances. The treatise presents further experimental proof that the antigens representing the A and B substances are not limited to the red blood cells but occur in most organs of the body with the possible exception of the brain.
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Bioactivities of an Osteoblast-Like Cell Line (UMR-106)

In the present study, we first investigated the effects of various types of low-energy, low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on DNA synthesis in UMR-106 osteoblast-like cells. The experimental groups were exposed to EMFs for 2 days (twice/day, 30 min/time), and DNA synthesis was measured. The results showed that the cells responded most sensitively to EMFs of some specific combinations of the parameters by an increase in DNA synthesis, implying that EMFs with a specific waveform rather than a complex one can be used in clinical electrotherapy. The parameters were as follows: pulsed electric field (PEF) with pulse width 0.2 ms, field strength 10 V/cm, frequency 125 Hz; sinusoidal electric field (SEF) with field strength 1 V/cm, frequency 10 Hz; and alternating magnetic field (AMF) with field density 0.5 mT, frequency 5 Hz. In addition to frequency, the field strength or field density within a suitable intensity scale played a dominant role in causing the DNA synthesis response. We then compared the effects of two kinds of fields, PEF and AMF, with the optimum parameters identified by the experiments, on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, protein and collagen synthesis, and intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The results indicated that both fields could not only affect UMR-106 cells proliferation but could particularly affect a series of characteristic bioactivities of UMR-106 such as ALP activity and collagen synthesis. The intracellular cAMP levels were increased rapidly and greatly with exposure to both PEF and AMF, implying that the action of low-frequency EMFs proceeds via second messenger-dependent processes originating from signals at the cell membrane. The difference in action between PEF and AMF suggests that they may couple to the cell membrane in a partially different way.
Diversification of Morpho butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae): a re‐evaluation of morphological characters and new insight from DNA sequence data

This study compiles previously published morphological, colour and behavioural characters and includes new DNA sequence data for eight markers (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear) to re‐evaluate phylogenetic relationships and estimate times of divergence for Morpho butterflies using parsimony and Bayesian methods. We note an effect of missing data on phylogenetic inference and calculations of Partitioned Bremer Support. Morphology and DNA trees were moderately congruent, and the combined analyses of all data included elements of both sources. Both morphology and DNA support the monophyly of Morpho and the early separation of the sister pair M. marcus plus M. eugenia, but trees from different data sources are congruent mostly at derived nodes, and differ at several internal nodes. The analyses of combined data indicate that Morpho is composed of four clades each of which include one or more previously proposed subgenera. The subgenera Pessonia and Morpho were not monophyletic, and to address this issue we propose that Pessonia, syn.nov. be subsumed within Morpho. The ancestor of Morpho probably arose during the Oligocene, and most diversification seems to have occurred during the late Miocene. S‐DIVA analysis suggests eastern Andean region as the ancestral area for Morpho, and that the South American Atlantic Forest was colonized multiple times.
Pereskia, Maihuenia, and Blossfeldia—Taxonomic History, Updates, and Notes

Abstract The taxonomic history of the three genera Pereskia, Maihuenia, and Blossfeldia is reviewed and discussed in the context of general historical aspects of cactus taxonomy and in view of ongoing discussion on evolution and phylogenetic position of the three genera. Some updates and additional observations complementing earlier monographic treatments of Pereskia and Maihuenia and other papers on all three genera are provided. The appearance of these cacti since 2004 on websites is briefly analysed with selected data retrieved from Google searches. All recognized species are illustrated.
Antibacterial activity of extracts of Alchornea cordifolia (Schum and Thonn) Mull.Arg., Boerhavia diffusa (L) and Bridellia micranthaI (Hoscht) Baill. used in traditional medicine in Nigeria on Helicobacter pylori and four diarrhoeagenic bacterial pathogens

Extracts of leaves of Alchornea cordifolia, Boerhavia diffusa and Bridellia micrantha were investigated for antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella flexneri and Enteroheamorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Results showed that the ethanolic extracts of the three plants and aqueous extracts inhibited the growth of all the organisms tested. However, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 15.6 and 31.25 mg/ml while the extracts were bacteriocidal at concentration ranging between 31.25 and 250 mg/ml. This indicates that leaf extracts of the three plants are of great potential in treating gastric ulcer and diarrhoea caused by the aforementioned bacteria.
Long-term post-wildfire correlates with avian community dynamics in ponderosa pine forests [Chapter J]

We used a 10-year data set to illustrate the longterm correlates of wildfire on avian species richness in the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of northern Arizona. This study was conducted in the vicinity of the Horseshoe and Hochderffer Fires, which occurred in 1996, and sampling began 1 year after the fires. Using pointcount data from breeding seasons, we described how avian species richness, local colonization, and local extinction changed over time following the wildfires. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to describe occupancy as a function of burn severity (severe, moderate, or unburned), years since wildfire, and species, while accounting for variables that influenced detection probability, such as species and sampling effort. The avian species from our study followed general patterns predicted from changes in vegetation structure in response to fire based on foraging and nesting requirements. Our results indicated that landscape heterogeneity from a mixture of fire severities and time since fire increased overall species richness across the landscape. Avian species in pine forests evolved with fire. Given that some species demonstrated an affinity to severely burned forests suggests that similar conditions existed historically.
Effect of phytase inclusion and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the performance and nutrient retention of grower–finisher pigs fed barley/wheat/soya bean meal-based diets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) level and calcium (Ca)/total P (tP) ratio on the efficacy of microbial phytase. Experiment 1 examined the effects of P concentration and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance, while experiment 2 examined the effects of Ca/tP ratio and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance. In experiment 1, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n =4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (T1) 5.5 g kg -1 tP, 2.3 g kg -1 available P (aP) and 8.0 g kg -1 Ca, (T2) 5.5 g kg -1 tP, 2.3 g kg -1 aP, 8.0 g kg -1 Ca and 750 FYT kg -1 Peniophora lycii phytase, (T3) 4.3 g kg -1 tP, 1.4 g kg -1 aP and 8.0 g kg -1 Ca and (T4) 4.3 g kg -1 tP, 1.4 g kg -1 aP, 8.0 g kg -1 Ca and 750 FYT kg -1 Plycii phytase. In experiment 2, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n = 4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (TT1) 4.3 g kg -1 tP and 8.0 g kg -1 Ca, (TT2) 4.3 g kg -1 tP, 8.0 g kg -1 Ca and 750 FYT kg -1 P lycii phytase, (TT3) 4.3 g kg -1 tP and 5.0 g kg -1 Ca and (TT4) 4.3 g kg -1 tP, 5.0 g kg -1 Ca and 750 FYT kg -1 P lycii phytase. All diets were formulated, using standard feeding values for the ingredients, to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and lysine. In experiment 1, pigs offered the low-P diets had significantly lower P intake (P < 0.001), faecal P excretion (P < 0.05), Ca intake (P < 0.05) and faecal Ca excretion (P < 0.05) compared with pigs given the adequate-P diets. These pigs also had significantly lower daily gain (P < 0.01), feed intake (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The inclusion of phytase in both the adequate- and low-P diets increased the digestibility of energy (P < 0.05) and Ca (P < 0.01) but had no effect on pig performance. In experiment 2, lowering the Ca/tP ratio from 1.85:1 to 1.15:1 increased the DE content of the diet (P < 0.05). The inclusion of phytase increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of protein (0.874 versus 0.840, SEM 0.009) and Ca (0.427 versus 0.380, SEM 0.019) as well as the DE content of the diet (14.47 versus 14.26 MJ kg -1 , SEM 0.073). There was a significant ratio x phytase interaction (P < 0.5) for P digestibility. Microbial phytase significantly increased P digestibility when added to the 1.15:1 ratio diet but had no effect when added to the 1.85:1 ratio diet. The inclusion of microbial phytase increased feed intake (2.16 versus 2.00 kg day -1 , SEM 0.05; P < 0.05) and weight gain (0.893 versus 0.818 kg day -1 , SEM 0.022; P < 0.05). Lowering the Ca/tP ratio resulted in a significant improvement in FCR (2.32 versus 2.40 kg kg -1 , SEM 0.03; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the beneficial effects of microbial phytase supplementation of pig diets are adversely affected by a wide Ca/tP ratio.
Phylogeny of West AfricanCaryedon(Coleoptera: Bruchidae): Congruence between Molecular and Morphological Data☆☆☆

Seed beetles belonging to the Old World genus Curyedon feed in the seeds of various Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Combretaceae. In an attempt to resolve broad phylogenetic relationships within the genus, we obtained 332 base pair sequences of mitochondrial 12s ribosomal DNA and morphological data for the 16 West African Caryedon species. Morphological characters were analyzed under maximum parsimony and sequences were compared under maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor joining. Using a partition homogeneity test, we determined that morphological and molecular data sets were combinable. Combined data were analyzed under maximum parsimony. Morphological and molecular trees were congruent at the species group level and total evidence analyses yielded the same topologies as molecular data with each of the three Outgroups used. Four main terminal clades are recognized, each corresponding with a group of species generally feeding on the same host plant family, subfamily, genus, or species. The monophyly of legume feeding Curyedon is supported by both data sets, and Combretaceae feeders spfit in two monophyletic assemblages. a 1998hdemic Press
Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the hemiparasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor during co-infection of a host

summary The outcome of dual infection of the grass Lolium perenne L. by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the parasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor L. was investigated in a glasshouse study. Colonization of L. perenne roots by AM fungi was significantly reduced by the presence of R. minor, as was host growth which fell by 44‐51%. It was concluded that these two responses were linked, with AM colonization declining in response to the reduction in availability of host carbon. Parasite growth and reproductive output rose by 58% and 47% respectively when the hosts were mycorrhizal. These trends were unrelated to the attachment success of the parasite, but were accompanied by a significant increase in the formation of secondary haustoria. The benefits aorded the parasite when the hosts were mycorrhizal were attributed to increased carbon and nutrient flux resulting from alternations in sink strength. Host responses to parasitism and mycorrhizal colonization were not aected by the interaction between the two symbionts. However, the suggestion is made that the interaction between the AM fungi and parasite might have long-term ecological implications for the host species via its impact on parasite fecundity.
Bursaphelenchus fungivorus from Pinus pinaster bark in Portugal

This research was partially supported by FEDER funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (COMPETE) and national funds through FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) under the project FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-008794 (FCT PTDC/AGRCFL/ 098916/2008). J. M. S. Cardoso is funded by a post-doctoral fellowship SFRH/BPD/73724/2010 financed by QREN – POPH – Typology 4.1 – cofinanced by MES national funding and The European Social Fund.
Critical Factors in the Selection of Start-Up Incubator Residents

Incubators have played an increasing role in nurturing early stage start-ups in recent years. Meanwhile, the competition in the selection of start-ups for entering prestigious incubators is also growing. Previous studies have introduced some screening factors in the selection process, largely based on interviews and surveys of the opinions of incubator managers. Despite diverse findings by far, there have been no effort to identify the key selection criteria and factors using real startup company profiles. This research proposes an assessment method based on the Real-Win-Worth framework. This new method is used to evaluate a data set of 280 application profiles of start-ups submitted to JFDI.Asia, a prestigious incubator based in Singapore. Our results suggest “working website”, “recommendation”, “demand validation”, “market demographics”, “concept maturity”, “sales/distribution channel” and “technology expertise” are crucial for the start-ups to pass initial profile screening. After the screening stage, “competitive advantage”, “prior start-up experience”, “feedback mechanism” and “growth potential and strategy” are critical for the final admission into the incubator. The assessment method and these findings could help entrepreneurs self-evaluate and improve their start-ups for successful selection into competitive incubators, and also support incubator managers in making selection decisions systematically.
Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisae Y500-4L killer toxin

The strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y500-4L, selected from the must of alcohol producing plants, liberates a toxin which is lethal to the commercial yeast produced by Fleischmann Royal Nabisco and other strains of yeast. This toxin was characterized, and the maximum production was obtained after 24 hours of incubation at 25oC in YEPD medium. The maximum activity was achieved between pH 4.1 and 4.5 and between 22 and 25oC and maximum stability in the pH range 3.8 to 4.5 at -10oC. The killer toxin was inactivated by heating at 40oC for 1 hour at pH 4.1. After concentration by ultrafiltration of culture supernatants and purification by gel filtration chromatography, the molecular weight of the purified toxin was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be about 18-20 kDa.
The Effect of Intra-wound Vancomycin Powder Application in Reducing Surgical Site Infections After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Post-operative total hip arthroplasty surgical wound infections are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Intra-wound vancomycin powder application may prevent infections after hip surgery. The objectives of this study is to answer the question as to whether the application of 2 gram intra-wound vancomycin powder In patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, lead to reduced rates of postoperative surgical site infections or not? From April 2013, 125 patients had consent prior to their hip surgery. These 125 patients had total hip arthtoplasty by three different surgeons at Imam Hossein hospital. All patients received either 2 grams of IV Cefazolin one hour prior to the incision or 1 gram of IV Vancomycin one hour prior to the incision in patient with a Penicillin allergy. Near the end of the procedure, the wound was thoroughly irrigated with normal saline. for All patients befor surgical wound closure 2 gram of Vancomycin powder was poured into the wound. Postoperatively, patients continued on intravenous antibiotics for twenty-four hours. All patients underwent routine postoperative surgical care including physical therapy, routine radiographs, and routine managment of pain medications. Laboratory tests include Hb , BUN, Cr and electrolits were done before surgery and postoperatively after 48 hours and 7 days. All patients were discharged within the first 3 days after surgery and follow-up at weeks 2 and 4 and one year after surgery was performed. During the course of follow up that has ranged from one months to one year, sixteen of patients experienced surgical site infection. 10 patients were lost to follow up. No allergic reactions or adverse outcomes were reported from the use of 2 gram of Vancomycin powder prior to closure. Although intra-wound application of Vancomycin is known to minimize infections in spinal surgery little previous studies reported if Vancomycin application will reduce surgical site infection in hip surgeries. This study demonstrates that intra-wound application of Vancomycin reduces surgical site infection in total hip arthroplasty without any adverse complications.
Effects of bleaching herbicides on field dodder (Cuscuta campestris)

Abstract The effects of three postemergence herbicides that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis were tested on field dodder. Flurochloridone, sulcotrione, and mesotrione treatments led to bleaching symptoms in field dodder stems. The effect of flurochloridone was rapid; 2 d after treatment (DAT) the stem was bleached and contained only 2% β-carotene, with a massive accumulation of phytoene in comparison with the control. However, flurochloridone treatment did not inhibit stem elongation, and full recovery of pigment composition at newly elongated stems was recorded 6 DAT. The effects of sulcotrione and mesotrione were similar, but the recovery was slower than with flurochloridone. The developing stems were fully bleached 6 DAT, with no detectable β-carotene, and subsequently no recovery was observed. All three herbicides led to mass destruction of the plastids in the parenchyma cells of the cortex and pith tissue. This disruption of the plastids was associated with depletion in starch content. Sulcotrione and mesotrione treatments reduced field dodder biomass accumulation, whereas flurochloridone delayed biomass accumulation by 6 d only. The differences in phytotoxicity between flurochloridone, sulcotrione, and mesotrione might be due to their different translocation patterns. Flurochloridone is xylem-mobile and is therefore localized at the applied area because of the low transpiration rate of field dodder. Sulcotrione and mesotrione are phloem-mobile and tend to accumulate in sinks such as the primordial tissue. The massive destruction of the amyloplasts and the rapid decline in starch content in response to all the herbicide treatments may indicate the possible involvement of carotenoids in stabilizing the amyloplast outer membrane in field dodder. Nomenclature: Flurochloridone; mesotrione, 2-(4-mesyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-enone; sulcotrione, 2-[2-chloro(4-methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dione; field dodder, Cuscuta campestris Yuncker CVCCA; carrot, Daucus carota L. ‘Tip Top’.