Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Bathymetric and Topographic Data for Neighboring Seas of Korea

An attempt has been made to establish digital bathymetric and topographic database in the form ofgrid point value(GPV) with an interval of one-minute horizontal space for a wide region of seas adjacent toKorean Peninsula and also with an interval of one-arcsecond for coastal seas of Korean Peninsula. Especialyterestrial and marine data fusion work using mean sea level as vertical datum plane has ben performed for one-arcsecond GPV dataset. It is believed that the compiled bathymetric dataset are reliable comparing with existingdataset so far and can be utilized for ocean simulations of intermediate scale proces and also detailed coastalinundation proces.
Using phenological progression and phenological complementarity to reveal potential for late grassland harvest.

Farmers often face the problem of which grasslands enable harvest later in the season without a substantial decline in fodder quality. As decline is particularly driven by plant phenology, there arises a question which long-term management produces vegetation with a slower phenological progression and/or supports occurrence of later developing species (i.e. phenological complementarity). We used an experiment in dry broad-leaved grassland in the White Carpathian Mountains (Czech Republic) with three treatments: sheep grazing, mowing in mid-July and fallow. Species cover and phenophase were recorded in permanent plots at the beginning of May, June and July during two seasons. Phenological complementarity appeared only in the grazed plots. Community-weighted means of plant traits revealed that grazed and mown plots were characterised by earlier flowering and lower leaf dry matter content than fallow plots. Consistently, community phenological progression was the fastest in the mown plots and the slowest in the fallow plots. Mown plots accelerated the development earlier than grazed plots which was apparent from a significantly higher cover proportion of non-sterile species in June. We concluded that long-term grazed swards offer a greater potential for a single late harvest than mown grasslands, as fodder quality is expected to decline more slowly.
On Biogenic Halocarbons in Antarctic Waters

Little is known regarding the distribution of naturally produced volatile halogenated organic compounds, halocarbons, in Antarctic waters and the contribution of these waters to the global atmospheric load of halogens. In the atmosphere, halocarbons are degraded by photolysis, and form reactive halogen radicals. These radicals are thereafter involved in the catalytic degradation of ozone and formation of aerosols. Ozone degradation mainly occurs over the poles, and the process is most prominent during the springtime in the stratosphere at the South Pole. Biogenic halocarbons are formed by algae during photosynthesis. As such, the formation of halocarbons takes place in all oceans, but with large spatial and temporal variations. To determine the source strength of the oceans, it is essential to establish reliable estimates of the air-sea exchange, as well as production and degradation rates of halocarbons in the assessment of the role the oceans play in the destruction of ozone. In this work, the major aim has been to broaden the knowledge of the distribution of biogenic halocarbons in the Pacific sector of the Southern. Studies of the relationship between halocarbon distributions and biophysical variables indicated sea ice as the main regulating factor. The production and degradation rates in sea ice were therefore established, and the net production was found to be able to sustain concentration gradients in the ice. High resolution measurements of halocarbons in surface water and air were conducted to establish the air-sea exchange of halocarbons, and the results showed that the cold waters acted as a sink (100 days of minimum sea ice extent), with an uptake of 0.04 Gmol Br for bromoform, in contrast to earlier findings. A three year study during the austral summer in the Amundsen Sea was conducted, and the distributions and fluxes of halocarbons were found to be consistent. A novel approach utilising transposedorthogonal projections to latent structures T-OPLS, indicated that biogenic halocarbons could be used to study the circulation of water masses on the shelf in the Amundsen Sea.
Convertible Bonds: Valuation and Optimal Strategies for Call and Conversion

THE THEORY OF OPTION and warrant pricing has only of late been placed on a sound theoretical basis in a context of security market equilibrium [1, 6]; closed form expressions have been derived by Black-Scholes [1] and Merton [6] for the value of an option when the underlying stock pays no dividend or the option is protected against dividends, and when the stock pays a continuous dividend which is proportional to the market value of the stock. Further research has extended this option pricing model to take account of jumps in security returns [3, 8], and the basic option pricing model has been shown to obtain under certain assumptions, even in the absence of continuous trading opportunities [ 11]. More recently, algorithms have been developed [12] to solve the relevant dynamic programming problem when the stock does pay dividends and the option is not protected against dividend payments, so that the possibility of exercise prior to maturity must be considered for an American type option. As yet however, little attempt has been made to apply the principles of the option pricing model to the most common type of convertible security, namely the convertible bond.1 This security is considerably more complex than the warrant, not only because it pays a periodic coupon, but also because it involves a dual option: on the one hand, the bondholder possesses the option to convert the bond into common stock at his discretion, and on the other hand, the firm possesses the option to call the bond for redemption, the bondholder retaining the right to convert the bond or to redeem it. This call option is usually subject to some kind of restriction, a common one being that the bond may not be called for five years. The investor's optimal conversion strategy then depends on the firm's call strategy, and it appears at first sight that the optimal call strategy must also depend on the investor's conversion strategy, so that both optimal strategies must be solved for simultaneously. Fortunately, as we shall show below, the optimal call strategy is simply to call the bond as soon as the value of the bond if called is equal to the value if not called, so that the problem is considerably simplified.
Recruitment dynamics of North Sea macrozoobenthos in intertidal soft bottoms: larval availability, settlement and dispersal

Recruitment in marine invertebrates is affected by a variety of preand post-settlement processes such as larval availability, mortality and secondary dispersal. The relative contribution of these processes to interannual recruitment variations is scarcely known for species inhabiting soft-bottoms, and especially the population dynamics of small life stages have often been neglected. This study examines the relative importance of larval supply and initial settlement on annual recruitment of infaunal bivalves. In the intertidal Wadden Sea near the island of Spiekeroog, timing and abundance of planktonic larvae, initial settlers and early recruits of Macoma balthica, Ensis americanus and Mya arenaria were sampled in short term intervals over three successive years. Timing and amount of larvae varied highly between seasons and years which resulted mainly from combined effects of annual phytoplankton and temperature development. In all species, interannual changes between a single spawning per year and two spawnings occurred. Relationships between the abundance of larvae, initial settlers and recruits were not always straightforward and differed between seasons and among species. In all species, the abundance of summer/autumn recruits was rather independent of previous life stages compared to spring patterns. In general, in all bivalves combined effects of preand post-settlement processes contributed to the observed recruitment patterns, but the relative significance of each process varied between years and above all among species. Annual spring recruitment of E. americanus and M. arenaria was strongly related to the amount of larvae and initial settlers. In contrast, settlement in M. balthica was overruled by post-settlement process (mortality and immigration/emigration) and recruitment developed decoupled from early life stages.
Effect of calcitonin-gene-related peptide on proliferation and osteogenesis in rat bone mesenchymal stem cells

Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important neurotransmitter in signaling pathways of osteogenesis in mature osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of CGRP in rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) during the process of osteogenetic differentiation. CCK-8 method was adopted to test the effect of different concentrations of CGRP on rBMSCs proliferation and identify the optimal concentration of CGRP8-37 which was the antagonist of CGRP. PCR and Western blot were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein expression level of Ramp1 and CRLR. After osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase assay, Western blot and real-time qPCR were conducted to detect the protein of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and Runx2. Furthermore, Alizarin red staining and calciumion concentration measurement were used to test the differentiation and osteogenesis ability of rBMSCs in the later ossification differentiation period. Consequently, we found that receptors Ramp1 and CRLR of CGRP could be detected in rBMSCs. After osteogenic inducing culture, the expression levels of Runx2, ALP and BSP in rBMSCs were increased in CGRP groups compared with control groups, but the increase was attenuated in CGRP+CGRP8-37 and CGRP8-37 groups at both day 1 and 5. More mineral nodules and concentration of calcium ion were found in CGRP groups than other groups. Collectively, our findings suggest CGRP promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but its receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 attenuates the effect.
Monozygotic twins with polypoidal choroidal vasuculopathy

Purpose: To present the first findings in the set of monozygotic twins with polypoidal choroidopathy (PCV). Methods: Sixty two-year old monozygotic twin sisters were studied. The concordances and discordances of the clinical features of the twins were determined. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped for three established PCV risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, viz CFH I62V, CFH Y402H, and ARMS A69S. Results: Both patients had hemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachments with orange lesions beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. Indocyanine green angiography showed pathognomonic choroidal vascular networks with polypoidal structures uniocularly in one twin and binocularly in the other twin. Both twins were treated with photodynamic therapy, retinal photocoagulation, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, but both showed limited response to all the treatments, with recurrent exudative lesions with enlarged vascular network, and poor visual outcome. Genetic analyses showed that both sisters had homozygous risk alleles for ARMS2 A69S, and one risk allele each of CFH I62V and CFH Y402H. Conclusions: We present the first findings in a set of monozygotic twins with typical PCV under long-term observation. The concordances in disease progression and response to treatment between the twins indicate that these genetic factors most likely played important roles in determining the clinical manifestations.
Convex Relaxations for Certain Inverse Problems on Graphs

Many maximum likelihood estimation problems are known to be intractable in the worst case. A common approach is to consider convex relaxations of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), and relaxations based on semidefinite programming (SDP) are among the most popular. This thesis focuses on a certain class of graph-based inverse problems, referred to as synchronization-type problems. These are problems where the goal is to estimate a set of parameters from pairwise information between them. In this thesis, we investigate the performance of the SDP based approach for a range of problems of this type. While for many such problems, such as multi-reference alignment in signal processing, a precise explanation of their effectiveness remains a fascinating open problem, we rigorously establish a couple of remarkable phenomena. For example, in some instances (such as community detection under the stochastic block model) the solution to the SDP matches the ground truth parameters (i.e. achieves exact recovery) for information theoretically optimal regimes. This is established by developing non-asymptotic bounds for the spectral norm of random matrices with independent entries. On other instances (such as angular synchronization), the MLE itself tends to not coincide with the ground truth (although maintaining favorable statistical properties). Remarkably, these relaxations are often still tight (meaning that the solution of the SDP matches the MLE). For angular synchronization we establish this behavior by analyzing the solutions of certain randomized Grothendieck problems.
Treatment of nonpsychotic major depression during pregnancy: patient safety and challenges

: In pregnant women with major depression, the overarching goal of treatment is to achieve or maintain maternal euthymia, thus limiting both maternal and fetal exposure to the harmful effects of untreated or incompletely treated depression. However, the absence of uniformly effective therapies with guaranteed obstetric and fetal safety makes the treatment of major depression during pregnancy among the most formidable of clinical challenges. Clinicians and patients are still faced with conflicting data and expert opinion regarding the reproductive safety of antidepressants in pregnancy, as well as large gaps in our understanding of the effectiveness of most antidepressants and nonpharmacological alternatives for treating antenatal depression. In this paper, we provide a clinically focused review of the available information on potential maternal and fetal risks of untreated maternal depression during pregnancy, the effectiveness of interventions for maternal depression during pregnancy, and potential obstetric, fetal, and neonatal risks associated with antenatal antidepressant use.
ROBotic Open-architecture Technology for Cognition, Understanding and Behavior

PU PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Service) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Service) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Service) Development of a Cognitive Humanoid Cub 5.2 Implementation of visual recognition and imitation of goal-directed reaching motion.
ROBotic Open-architecture Technology for Cognition, Understanding and Behavior

We present an exploratory study investigating a drumming experience with Kaspar, a humanoid child-sized robot, and a human. In this work, our aim is not to have Kaspar just replicate the human partner's drumming, but to engage with the human in a ‘social manner’ using head gestures in a call and response turn-taking interaction and to assess the impact of nonverbal gestures on the interaction. Results from the first implementation of a human-robot interaction experiment are presented and analysed qualitatively (in terms of participants' subjective experiences) and quantitatively (concerning the drumming performance of the human-robot pair). The interaction experience is discussed in terms of imitation, turntaking, and the effect of gender differences.
The Influence of Costumers’ Personal Characteristics on their Satisfaction with the Food Industry

The subject of this research is the influence of numerous factors and variables on customer satisfaction, which is one of the main factors of the company’s competitiveness. The objective of the study, therefore, is to ascertain which factors and variables influence customer satisfaction and, as a result, the competitiveness of the enterprise from within the food industry. The research has been conceived in two successive steps. The first of these is to discover the influence of selected factors on customer satisfaction. Amongst these were factors which not only sometimes clearly influenced customer satisfaction (factors of customer satisfaction), but also factors which clearly influenced other types of satisfaction which were then associated with customer satisfaction (personal characteristics). In the second step, mutual relationships between the two groups of factors is described. The research was carried out on a sample of firms in the food industry along with their end customers. Multiple regression and a hierarchical mixed-effect model with the appropriate statistical tests were used for modelling. From the results it emerges that only the factors of customer satisfaction (customer expectation, perceived quality and perceived value) have an effect on overall customer satisfaction. The influence of personal characteristics was not proven. However, a (weak) relationship was shown between some of the factors of customer satisfaction (perceived value, perceived quality, competitiveness and customer expectation) and a number of factors from the group of personal characteristics (financial capacity, level of optimism and level of planning).
Melting a Martian Viscous Flow Feature: A Modern-Climate, Dust-Blanketed Glacier Model

Introduction: Berman [1] and Hubbard et al. [2] presented compelling evidence for glacial flow of a landform in a crater east of Hellas, Mars (Fig. 1). This feature also exhibits evidence for meltwater channels and possible moulins (Fig. 2). Though uncommon on this type of Martian landform, the indications of melting are reasonably compelling here. We show that a blanket of insulating dust could allow melting under the present climate if the dust was thick (then blown away to reveal the ice), its thermal conductivity was low, and Martian heat flow was high. This ‘climate change minimalist’ model differs from the dusty snowpack model of melting [3] because ordinary geothermal heat, not warm air and sunlight, drives melting. Water could accumulate at the bed at high elevation, then flow onto and erode the ice surface. If needed conditions are lacking, the observations and inferred melting require a modified, warmer recent climate. Thermal Model Parameterization: Finite element modeling was used to explore the thermal conditions of an idealized ice body similar to that shown in Fig. 1 to assess whether the modern Martian climate could produce melting under a thick insulating dust blanket. Model simulations cover a range of plausible parameter space. Thermal conductivity was defined for three materials, including (1) basalt crust, (2) a pure ice surface deposit, and (3) a porous, fine-grained dust blanket. The conductivities are well established for ice and basalt [4]. On Mars, where water infiltration and weathering are apt to have been nil and the atmosphere thin over the last few million years, unconsolidated airfall dust would be very fine grained (~1-5 μm) and
ESTIMATING THE MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODS IN SMALL URBAN STREAMS IN SOUTH CAROLINA, 2001

The magnitude and frequency of floods at 20 streamflow-gaging stations on small, unregulated urban streams in or near South Carolina were estimated by fitting the measured water-year peak flows to a log-Pearson Type-III distribution. The period of record (through September 30, 2001) for the measured water-year peak flows ranged from 11 to 25 years with a mean and median length of 16 years. The drainage areas of the streamflow-gaging stations ranged from 0.18 to 41 sq mi. Based on the flood-frequency estimates from the 20 streamflow-gaging stations (13 in South Carolina; 4 in North Carolina; and 3 in Georgia), generalized least-squares regression was used to develop regional regression equations. These equations can be used to estimate the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence-interval flows for small urban streams in the Piedmont, upper Coastal Plain, and lower Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of South Carolina. The most significant explanatory variables from this analysis were main-channel length, percent impervious area, and basin development factor. Mean standard errors of prediction for the regression equations ranged from -25 to 33% for the 10-year recurrence-interval flows and from -35 to 54% for the 100-year recurrence-interval flows. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed a Geographic Information System application called StreamStats that makes the process of computing streamflow statistics at ungaged sites faster and more consistent than manual methods. Considering the future possibility of implementing StreamStats in South Carolina, an alternative set of regional regression equations was developed using only main channel length and impervious area. This was done because no digital coverages are currently available for basin development factor and, therefore, it could not be included in the StreamStats application. The average mean standard error of prediction for the alternative equations was 2 to 5% larger than the standard errors for the equations that contained basin development factor.
Local and regional drivers of biodiversity: From life-history traits to system-level properties

The connection between biodiversity and the commonness and rarity of species is a major research focus in ecology. A recent conceptual framework aims to understand biodiversity by partitioning communities into core species that are abundant and temporally persistent and transient species that are rare and temporally intermittent. Core and transient species have been shown to differ in spatiotemporal turnover, diversity patterns, and importantly, survival strategies targeted at local vs. regional habitat use. We suggest that if core and transient species have local vs. regional survival strategies, and consequently differ in population-level spatial structure and gene flow, they should also exhibit different life-history strategies. Specifically, core species should display relatively low dispersal rates, low reproductive effort, high ecological specialization and high survival rates compared to transient species. We present results from 10 years of capturemark-recapture data in a diverse rodent community evaluating the linkages between temporal permanence, local abundance, and trade-offs between/among life-history traits. Core and transient species at our site generally supported our hypotheses, differing in 1 This chapter is co-authored by Sarah R. Supp, David N. Koons, and S. K. Morgan Ernest. 10 ecological specialization, survival and dispersal probabilities, and reproductive effort. We suggest that trait associations among core-transient species may be similar in other systems and will correspond to differing responses to environmental change in the two groups.