Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupled Morphodynamics of River Bifurcations and Confluences

Multithread fluvial environments like anastomosing and braided rivers are fundamentally directed by the continuous concatenation of channel bifurcations and confluences, which distribute flow and sediment among different branches that are reconnecting further downstream. A large number of theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies conducted in the last two decades have provided a clear picture of stability conditions for river bifurcations. However, most analyses are focused on the dynamics of bifurcations alone, ignoring the possible mutual interaction with downstream confluences. In this work, we study the morphodynamic equilibrium and stability conditions of a bifurcation‐confluence loop, where flow splits in two secondary anabranches that rejoin after a prescribed distance. Through the formulation of a novel theoretical model for mobile bed confluences, we show that the dominating anabranch (i.e., that carrying most discharge) is subject to an increase of the water surface elevation that is proportional to the square of the Froude number. This effect causes a decrease of the slope of the dominating anabranch, which acts as a negative feedback that increases the stability of the bifurcation‐confluence system. A linear analysis of the coupled model reveals that the stabilizing effect exerted by the confluence depends on the ratio between the length of the anabranches and the average water depth, independently of channel slope and Froude number. Ultimately, this effect is potentially able to stabilize the loop even when the sediment is mainly transported in suspension, a condition which makes the classic stabilizing mechanism (i.e., the topographic effect at the bifurcation node) practically ineffective.
Structure of glassy and liquid GeSe2

The partial structure factors of bulk-quenched glassy GeSe 2 were measured by using the method of isotopic substitution in neutron diffraction to enable the first detailed comparison at the partial pair distribution function level of a covalently bonded network system in both its glassy and liquid phases. The results show that the basic building block of the glass is the Ge(Se 1/2 ) 4 tetrahedron in which 34(5)% of the Ge atoms reside in edge-sharing configurations. The intrinsic chemical order of the glass is, however, broken with a maximum of 25(5 )% Ge and 20(5)% Se being involved in homopolar bonds at distances of 2.42(2) and 2.32(2) A, respectively, which is consistent with the existence of these features in the liquid phase of GeSe 2 . Like for the liquid, concentration fluctuations in the glass are found to extend over distances characteristic of the intermediate-range atomic ordering as manifested by the appearance of a first sharp diffraction peak at 1.00(2) A -1 in the Bhatia-Thornton concentration-concentration partial structure factor. A comparison is made between the measured partial structure factors and recent first principles molecular dynamics simulations for the glassy and liquid phases. It is found that the most significant disagreement between experiment and simulation occurs with respect to the Ge-Ge correlations and that the simulated results for the glass are too liquid-like, reflecting the use of a quench time greatly in excess of that achieved experimentally.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING

World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) dalam Global NutritionTargets 2025, stunting dianggap sebagai suatu gangguan pertumbuhan irreversibel yang sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh asupan nutrisi yang tidak adekuat dan infeksi berulang selama 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. Insiden stuntingsecara global diperkirakan sekitar 171 juta sampai 314 juta yang terjadi pada anak berusia di bawah 5 tahun dan 90% diantaranya berada di negara-negara di benua Afrika dan Asia (Fenskeet et al, 2013). Stunting di Indonesia terbesar ke dua di kawasan Asia Tenggara yang mencapai 43,8%. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas (2018) prevalensi stunting balita mencapai 30,86%. Sedangkan kejadian stunting di Bali mencapai 21.9%. Kasus tertinggi di lima Kabupaten di Bali mencapai taraf memprihatinkan. Menurut Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Bali, rata-rata diatas 20% sampai 25%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan perilaku merokok orang tua dengan kejadian stunting. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai p=0,011 (p<0,05) sehingga ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan perilaku merokok orangtua dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 2-5 tahun, dengan nilai kekuatan korelasi sebesar 0,33 dapat diartikan bahwa variabel perilaku merokok orangtua dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 2-5 tahun memiliki kekuatan korelasi atau hubungan yang rendah. Kesimpulannya adalah perilaku merokok pada orangtua akan menimbulkan dampak secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap proses pertumbuhan anak.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES GENDER DIFFERENCES IN NEGOTIATION AND POLICY FOR IMPROVEMENT

Men more than women succeed when negotiating over labor-market outcomes, and gender differences in negotiation likely contribute to the gender wage gap and to horizontal and vertical segregation in the labor market. We review the evidence on the many initiatives that have been put in place to reduce the effect of gender differences in negotiation. Categorizing these as either ‘fix-the-women’ or ‘fix-the-institutions’ initiatives we find serious challenges to the former. Women do not appear to be broken and encouraging them to negotiate more and differently often backfires. The evidence suggests that ‘fix-the-institution’ initiatives are more effective in reducing gender differences in outcomes. Concerns of adverse effects of banning negotiations or salary history requests have not materialized, and preliminary evidence points to reductions in the gender differences in negotiation outcomes. The strongest evidence on effectiveness in narrowing gender disparities is found for policies that increase transparency. Numerous studies find that gender differences in negotiation diminish when it is clear what to expect from the negotiation and suggest that initiatives which improve transparency are likely to help equalize opportunities at the bargaining table. Maria Recalde University of Melbourne Department of Economics
The Influence of Social Media Marketing on Apparel Brands’ Customers’ Satisfaction: The Mediation of Perceived Value

The development of social media has changed traditional media by providing a platform to conduct marketing and advertising activities. Nowadays, social media offers the opportunity to build a relationship between customers and brands. The strategic use of social media marketing has significant importance for customers as well as for marketers. In this paper, the influence of social media marketing activities (SMMAs) is assessed on apparel brands’ perceived value and Chinese customers’ satisfaction. The data was collected through a quantitative survey-based approach from Chinese social media and apparel brands’ users (n = 355). The collected data from respondents were analysed through the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Hayes PROCESS macro. Based on our findings, it is noted that SMMAs play an essential role in improving the brand perceived value and customers’ satisfaction in China. Moreover, it is also concluded that the apparel brand’s perceived value significantly mediates the relationship between SMMAs and customers’ satisfaction. This study provides several theoretical and practical guidelines to the marketers in China to effectively implement their advertising activities on social media platforms.
Assessing Multisectoral Coordination for Nutrition Policy Effectiveness: Analysis of Facilitators, Constraints and Solutions for Implementation in Ethiopia

BackgroundEffective implementation is an essential element for achieving success in multisector nutrition plans. The present study is follow-up to research conducted in 2013 - 2014. The current research utilizes the same protocol and targets the same regions of Ethiopia that were included in the initial study. The aim of the present research is to ascertain the factors that have enabled and sustained effective multisectoral coordination to inform ongoing support for multisector coordination through current activities.MethodsThe study was qualitative with purposing sampling of twelve woredas, each of which represented one of three groups receiving different levels of interventions under the initial study. Data was collected through Key Informant Interviews of the heads of the woreda-level sector offices using a standardized and semi-structured questionnaire. Focus Group Discussions were also held with nutrition focal/technical personnel working in different sectors, purposefully selected from relevant woreda sectors. Coding and analysis were done using Atlas.ti 8.1. 3. ResultsResults indicate that progress has been made on key elements such as awareness of multisector nutrition plans and organization and functionality of the technical committees, however, competing priorities and lack of leadership and understanding of roles and responsibilities have hindered the effectiveness of regional coordination structures and implementation of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Program.ConclusionsIn order to address the gaps and constraints to effective implementation of the National Nutrition Program identified in the present study, different strategies need to be employed to create better awareness, ownership, understanding, and motivation for policy/decision making officials, technical experts, coordinating bodies, and supporting organizations. This paper provides recommendations to address these and future challenges for effective implementation of multisectoral coordination for nutrition policy effectiveness in the post-2020 period.
Large Customer-supplier Links and Syndicate Loan Structure

Abstract Relationships between large customers and suppliers expose lenders to additional risks. These risks may force lead agents to retain a larger share of syndicated loans, reducing loan-level diversification, and, in turn, increasing the required interest rate spread. Consistent with this view, we find that borrowers' dependence on a few larger customers or suppliers positively affects the cost of the loans indirectly through the loan structure. Instead, we do not observe a direct cost associated with large customer-supplier links, suggesting that lead agents do not increase the interest rate spread as compensation for the additional risks of dealing with borrowers with large customer-supplier links per se. Finally, we document an inverted U-shaped relationship between the length of the large customer-supplier link and the loan share held by the lead agent.
Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Content and Indices of Red Raspberry Yield, Vigor, and Nitrogen Status as Affected by Rate and Source of Nitrogen Fertilizer

Abstract The single‐year response of soil inorganic nitrogen (N) content and indices of red raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.) yield, vigor, and N status to rate and source of fertilizer N were determined. Twenty‐nine trials were conducted in commercial plantings from 1994 to 1996. Treatments were 0, 55, or 110 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate or 55 kg N ha−1 as a slow‐release fertilizer product containing 60% polycoated sulfur‐coated urea and 40% urea. Soil nitrate (NO3) content frequently increased during the growing season, indicating that soil N supply was nonlimiting. The plant indices were generally insensitive to fertilizer‐N rate under these high‐N fertility conditions. Soil nitrate content measured after berry harvest was frequently excessive even at the recommended N rate and can be used to identify fields with excess N fertility. The slow‐release N fertilizer provided limited benefits compared with use of ammonium nitrate.
The impact of informal credit on household welfare: evidence from rural Ethiopia

ABSTRACT This study focuses on a credit-related informal risk-sharing mechanism and analyzes the effect of informal credit on household welfare. We use two-stage least squares regression to avoid the endogeneity problem and the Heckman correction procedure to remove possible self-selection bias. We find that informal credit is positively associated with welfare; each thousand Ethiopian Birr (approximately US$ 28) received in the form of informal credit improves the welfare expenditure of a household by approximately 4.3%.
Perspectives of boys on their experiences in human trafficking shelter programming in Cambodia

ABSTRACT Shelter programs are a core component of the service delivery system for youth who have experienced human trafficking and sexual exploitation in Southeast Asia. Limited research, however, exists regarding trafficking-specific shelter-based services. Research and programming in the anti-human trafficking sector has focused heavily on women and girls. The experiences and service needs of boys and men have been understudied. This manuscript explores the perspectives of boys who were identified by service providers as having experienced human trafficking and sexual exploitation on their experiences in shelter programs in Cambodia. We analyzed 81 interviews and narrative summaries of interviews conducted between 2011 and 2016, drawing from a 10-year longitudinal study with survivors of human trafficking and sexual exploitation (n = 22). An interpretive phenomenological approach was utilized. Six themes were identified: appreciation for education and provision for basic needs; importance of consistent caregiving and emotional support; lacking freedom and feeling trapped by rules; violence in the shelter; staff difficulties managing boys’ behavior and responding to violence; and the impact of financial resources on shelter experiences. Findings reinforce the need to listen to boys about their experiences in services and provide guidance in strengthening shelter-based programming for trafficked and exploited boys.
NASAL CARRIAGE OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN POSITIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS OF TUDUN-WADA, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Background: Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL)-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains have been implicated in serious community-associated invasive infections and their increasing multidrug resistance is a major global health concern. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of the PVL gene and the antimicrobial resistance profile of nasal S. aureus isolates from healthy adults in Tundu-Wada, Gombe State of Nigeria. Methods and Materials: A total of 262 nasal samples from healthy adults were obtained and cultured. The isolates were identified as S. aureus by standard morphological and biochemical methods alongside with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of their 16S rRNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion technique and the presence of mecA and PVL genes was determined by PCR analysis. Results: The overall nasal colonization of S. aureus was 17.6%. The prevalence of haemolysin and biofilm production among the isolates was 25(54.3%) and 42(91.3%), respectively. Only 2(4.3%) and 5(10.9%) possessed mecA and PVL genes respectively but none of the isolates harboured these two genes. All the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin but were highly susceptible (93.7%) to gentamicin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among the isolates was M 45.7% and all PVL-producing isolates were MDR while one of the isolates with mecA gene exhibited extensive-drug resistance (XDR). Conclusion: This is the first report of nasal colonization of MDR PVL-producing S. aureus in healthy adults in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. This study highlights the importance of routine surveillance of healthy populations to provide useful strategies for controlling the spread of virulent multidrug-resistant organisms within the community.
Static and dynamic connectedness between oil price shocks and Spanish equities: a sector analysis

This paper explores the static and dynamic connectedness between oil price shocks (risk, demand and supply shocks) and Spanish sector equity indices from January-2000 to July-2019. We document sizable system-wide connectedness between the variables under study. Among the oil shocks, demand and risk shocks are the main transmitter (receiver) of shocks to (from) the system and are overall net receiver of shocks from the system. Among the equity indices, Industrials, Financials, Utilities and Telecommunications as the major net transmitters whereas; Consumer Goods, Technology, Retail and Telecommunications are the main net receivers. The dynamic connectedness changes over time and between sectors. We document important differences over time and between sectors, mainly during the recent global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis. Overall, Financials, Telecommunications, Industrials and Utilities as the most influential sectors.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMMONICAL NITROGEN SOURCES ON SOIL ACIDIFICATION

Consecutive greenhouse cropping of wheat-maize-wheat-maize-wheat grown to maturity in 3 years was conducted to evaluate soil acidification by ammonium sulfate, urea, and ammonium nitrate. Three soils were incorporated with 100 kg N/ha for wheat and 200 kg N/ha for maize and the last crop (wheat). Soil samples of the checks after fourth and last crops were used to estimate relative lime requirement by the (i) Adams-Evans buffer method and (ii) soil extraction with Ca-acetate (pH 8.0) followed by back titration with NaOH to pH 8.0. Another method used two N-treated soil samples after the last crop and involved adding various CaCO3 rates to soil-water mixtures and shaking for 2 weeks. Soil pH after each crop followed the order of ammonium sulfate < ammonium nitrate = urea < check. Soil acidification decreased with increasing soil clay and organic matter contents. The average relative lime requirements determined by all the methods were 1.6 to 2.3 and 1.4 to 1.9 times of ammonium nitrate and urea, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists' value that ammonium sulfate is 3.0 times more acidic than ammonium nitrate and urea.
Integration and investment development paths of CEE countries. Does EU-membership make a difference?

ABSTRACT A number of studies have dealt with the effects of economic integration on foreign direct investment, yet without a comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of the overall positioning of the countries involved along the investment development path (IDP). In the current paper, a comparative analysis of IDPs of five Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, both members and nonmembers of the European Union (EU), is conducted. The purpose of the paper is to determine the effect of economic integration on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows and on the movement of these CEE economies through their IDP stages. An attempt is made to identify the positioning of the sample countries on the IDP, using trend estimation depicting the relationship between net outward investment (NOI) per capita and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, as well as detailed descriptive data on inward and outward FDI stocks and flows, subsequently complemented with econometric analysis. While the findings point to a generally positive effect of EU membership on FDI growth and IDP trajectories, integration tends to exert a stronger effect on inward FDI than on outward FDI of the investigated member countries. At the same time, the study’s findings reveal the need to add new theoretical considerations to the interface between EU integration and the IDP model, as well as formulate certain policy implications.
Application of Inverse Gas Chromatography and Regular Solution Theory for Characterization of Ionic Liquids

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of 31 organic compounds in three room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were determined using inverse gas chromatography. The measurements were carried out at different temperatures between 313.15 and 333.15 K. The regular solution theory was used to estimate the solubility parameters of each RTIL. Such a theory was also used to predict the CO2 solubility in a given RTIL and to estimate the upper critical solution temperature of a binary system containing 1-butanol and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The accuracy of the results obtained indicates that the regular solution theory is a good tool to predict the phase behavior of mixtures containing RTILs.
Static output feedback control of uncertain systems over uncertain communication links with guaranteed H∞ performance

This article is concerned with the problem of robust static output feedback H∞ control for networked control systems (NCSs) by considering uncertainties in both controlled‐plant and communication subsystems. Markov chains are employed to model the bounded random network‐induced delays occurring in the communication channels. This modeling framework can be used to describe the packet dropout phenomena over a lossy communication channel as well. It is assumed that the transition probabilities of the Markov chains are uncertain but lying within given intervals. By utilizing the augmentation technique, the NCS model is transformed into a delay‐free Markovian jump linear system. A new sufficient condition is derived for the problem of robust H∞ control using static output feedback in NCSs with network‐induced delays. This design condition is expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities without requiring any constraints on the matrix variables. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to the case of NCSs with bounded Markovian packet dropouts. Numerical examples are provided to make comparisons with other works and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Early β‐lactam concentrations and infectious complications after lung transplantation

Antibiotic underdosing in prophylactic antibiotic regimes after lung transplantation (LTx) can increase the risk of infection. We aimed to study whether β‐lactam concentrations achieved desirable pharmacodynamic targets in the early phase after LTx and the association between drug concentrations and the development of early infections or the acquisition of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) strains. We reviewed patients in whom broad‐spectrum β‐lactam levels were measured after LTx during antibiotic prophylaxis. β‐Lactam concentrations were considered “insufficient” if drug levels remained below four times the clinical breakpoint of the minimal inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an infection and/or acquisition of MDR pathogens in the first 14 days after transplantation. A total of 70 patients were included. “Insufficient” drug concentrations were found in 40% of patients. In 27% of patients, an early MDR pathogen was identified and 49% patients were diagnosed with an early posttransplant infection. Patients with “insufficient” drug concentrations acquired more frequently MDR bacteria and/or developed an infection than others (22/28, 79% vs. 20/42, 48% – p = .01). β‐Lactam levels were often found to be below the desired drug targets in the early phase after transplantation and may be associated with the occurrence of early infectious complications.
Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanofibers by Electrospinning

Ultra-thin fibers of zinc oxide (ZnO) were prepared by sol-gel processing and the electrospinning technique using poly(vinyl acetate) and zinc acetate as precursors. The fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transfer infrared, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results showed that the diameter of the precursor fibers increased with increasing zinc acetate content, and the size of the inorganic ZnO nanofibers decreased obviously as the calcining time increased.