Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Searching Parameterized Retrieval & Verification Loss for Re-Identification

The goal of re-identification (re-ID) is to find an object (e.g., person or vehicle) of interest across cameras. In re-ID, designing suitable and effective loss functions plays an essential and imperative role in learning identifiable features. Regardless of the significant success achieved by using retrieval- or verification-based loss functions due to re-ID can be formulated as a retrieval or verification task, the model performance might be degraded owing to the inconsistency between the loss functions and evaluation metrics. Moreover, current hand-designed loss functions based on evaluation metrics require great expertise and a significant workforce, which is often sub-optimal and laborious. To this end, we propose to automatically design loss functions with specific evaluation metrics for re-ID. Specifically, we propose Parameterized Retrieval & Verification (RV) Loss, which jointly optimizes RV tasks while introducing parameterized functions to replace non-differentiable operations in RV evaluation metrics. Different evaluation metric approximations are thus represented in a single formula by a family of parameterized functions. Then, an automated parameter search algorithm is used to conduct the parameter search. Experimental results indicate that the proposed Parameterized RV Loss can improve the performance of the state-of-the-art re-ID methods, thus demonstrating its effectiveness and superiority over other relevant loss functions on the public person re-ID and vehicle re-ID benchmarks.
SQ-Swin: Siamese Quadratic Swin Transformer for Lettuce Browning Prediction

Enzymatic browning is a major quality defect of packaged “ready-to-eat” fresh-cut lettuce salads. While there have been many research and breeding efforts to counter this problem, progress is hindered by the lack of a technology to identify and quantify browning rapidly, objectively, and reliably. Here, we report a deep learning model for lettuce browning score prediction. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first-of-its-kind on deep learning for lettuce browning prediction using a Siamese Quadratic Swin (SQ-Swin) transformer with several highlights. First, our model includes quadratic features in the transformer model which is more powerful to incorporate real world representations than the linear transformer. Second, a multi-scale training strategy is employed to augment the data and explore more of the inherent self-similarity of the lettuce images. Third, the proposed model uses a siamese architecture which learns the inter-relations among the limited training samples. Fourth, the model is pretrained on the ImageNet and then trained with the reptile meta-learning algorithm to learn higher-order gradients than a regular one. Experiment results on the fresh-cut lettuce datasets show that the proposed SQ-Swin outperforms the traditional methods and other deep learning-based backbones.
The Effectiveness Of Trigger Point Treatment In Chronic Pelvic Pain; A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract Objective To investigate the effectiveness of ischemic compression and low-level laser therapy methods combined with exercise on the myofascial trigger points in women with Chronic Pelvic Pain and to determine which method is more effective. Methods It was a parallel designed, single-blind pilot randomized clinical trial. Patients were recruited at physiotherapy laboratory of the Istanbul University from September 2017 to June 2019. Twenty-eight women patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain were included into the trial. Patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received ischemic compression and Group 2 received low-level laser therapy twice a week for 6 weeks. Both groups received the same standard exercise program. Pain, range of motion, pelvic floor symptom severity, quality of life, satisfaction, anxiety, and depression were assessed after 6 weeks, and 1-year follow up. Results Following the treatment, significant differences were observed within both group subjects in pain, range of motion, symptom severity, quality of life, and anxiety-depression (p<0.05). This significant improvement in pain, symptom severity, symptoms related quality of life and pain subgroup of Short Form 36, continued after 1-year follow up (p<0.05). In comparison between group, Group 1 have more significant improvement than Group 2 in terms of symptoms related quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusion Both methods have shown efficacy and can be used safely in chronic pelvic pain patients. Because it is more effective on symptoms related quality of life, the ıschemic compression method may be preferred for primary use.
Do non-direct heterospecific cues of avian predator activity alter reproductive modes of a passerine bird?

Abstract Predators affect prey by killing them or inducing changes in their physiology and behaviour through a fear effect associated with predation risk. In birds, perceived predation risk influences reproductive decisions, such as the reduction of parental investment in offspring during both egg production and nestling rearing. Visual and vocal cues of predator presence have been widely used to test the direct effects of predation risk. However, few studies have examined the indirect cues of predator activity such as dead avian prey or their remains. In this study, for the first time, we experimentally studied whether piles of feathers, simulating the remains of avian prey, induce changes in the reproductive decisions of adult birds. Before and during egg laying, great tit, Parus major, pairs were exposed to piles of bright down and cover feathers from domestic goose (treatment), woodchips (procedural control), or were not exposed (control). Our experiment affected maternal investment in individual eggs, but did not influence other reproductive parameters. Females from the treatment group laid larger and more asymmetrical (pointed) eggs than control females. Moreover, females from the procedural control group laid larger eggs than those from the control group, but without differences in egg shape. However, the eggs from the treatment and procedural control groups did not differ. This indicates that great tit females can perceive feathers and woodchips as informative cues, such as potential predation risk or habitat suitability, or as novel items in the environment. Importantly, females respond to such cues by changing their maternal investment in eggs, which may result from an adaptive mechanism aimed at increasing offspring fitness in the face of specific environmental conditions experienced by a female. Our study contributes to the understanding of how female songbirds adjust their maternal reproductive investment in response to publicly available social and environmental cues.
PRESENTATION FOR RENNER MONOIDS

We extend the result obtained in E. Godelle [‘The braid rook monoid’, Internat. J. Algebra Comput. 18 (2008), 779–802] to every Renner monoid: we provide a monoid presentation for Renner monoids, and we introduce a length function which extends the Coxeter length function and which behaves nicely.
Attitudes of Parents Towards COVID-19 Vaccinations for Their Children: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: Vaccine hesitancy has recently grown worldwide, caused by misinformation generally. This study aimed to determine parental intention to vaccinate children against the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and any factors associated with vaccination hesitancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted in a general pediatrics outpatient clinic. The parents of 12 to 18 years old children who were admitted to the clinic between June and December, 2021 (n=819) were included in this study. They were asked about their intention to vaccinate themselves and their children. The vaccination status against COVID-19, hesitancy or willingness to vaccinate their children, and factors affecting the parents’ thoughts regarding COVID-19 vaccines were the measures of this study. Results: The vaccination rate of the parents was 70.3%, while parents’ intention to have their children vaccinated was 69.0%. Most parents had awareness regarding COVID-19 vaccines (88.3%), and most parents (89.4%) stated that the vaccination was necessary for the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents who had a male child or younger child were inclined to be hesitant. The parents’ beliefs about the necessity of vaccines, their awareness of COVID-19 vaccines, and their vaccination status against COVID-19 were identified as factors decreasing their hesitancy. Conclusion: Parents’ attitudes and vaccination status play a key role in their children’s vaccination. Providing reliable information to parents regarding COVID-19 vaccines should be considered a priority in order to increase childhood immunization.
The quiet chromosphere: differential rotation

The solar chromosphere was daily observed in the Ca ii K line at the Mount Wilson Observatory from 1915 August to 1985 July. A digitized data base was created, which includes synoptical maps of the chromosphere in Ca ii intensity from Carrington rotations 827 to 1764. We have used the data base to investigate rotation and its differential of the chromosphere and the quiet chromosphere. The chromosphere is found to rotate faster than sunspots, but the difference in their rotation rates decreases with decreasing latitude, and near the equator they rotate at nearly the same speed. The chromosphere is obviously faster than the quiet photosphere and slightly faster than the quiet chromosphere at low latitudes, but slightly slower than the quiet chromosphere at middle latitudes. The differential degree of the rotation rate at low latitudes, ranging from largest to smallest in order, is found to be: sunspots, the chromosphere, the quiet photosphere, and the quiet chromosphere. The differential of the rotation rate is found to be different in different solar cycles for the chromosphere and the quiet chromosphere. Helioseismology observations suggest that these findings are plausible.
Enhanced electrochemical properties of (V_2O_5/GO) composite electrodes for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Herein, we reported the solution-based techniques to attach vanadium pentoxide (V_2O_5) to graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. The composite has been checked for its improved hybrid super capacitive performance. The addition of the GO to V_2O_5 significantly enhances the nanocomposite electrochemical performance. The composites demonstrate markedly high specific capacitance up to 438.1 Fg^−1 at 1 Ag^−1. Moreover, the supercapacitor electrodes provide high energy density and improved retention capacitance. The introduction of GO in the composites increases the surface area by providing a highly conductive path and functional surface to attach V_2O_5 nanoparticles. The performance of the VG-3 sample electrode remained excellent electrochemically. These findings suggest that vanadium pentoxide/graphene oxide (VG) composites may be an effective active material for supercapacitor electrodes. Graphical abstract
Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value

In recent years, with the rapid change of people’s health concept, health and wellness tourism has shown a vigorous development trend. However, existing literature has been lacking on travelers’ behavioral intentions, influenced by their motivation in health and wellness tourism. To fill in this gap, we designed scales of tourists’ behavioral intention and motivation in health and wellness tourism and investigated the aforementioned effects, with a sample of 493 visitors who have traveled in health and wellness tourism. Factor analysis and structural equation models were applied to explore the relations among motivation, perceived value, and behavioral intention in health and wellness tourism. The results indicate that health and wellness tourists’ motivation significantly positively predicts their behavior intentions. Travelers’ perceived value of health and wellness tourism significantly partially mediates the associations between their behavioral intention and escape motivation, attractive motivation, environmental motivation, as well as interpersonal motivation. No empirical evidence supports the mediating role of perceived value in the correlation between consumption motivation and behavioral intention. Health and wellness tourism industries are encouraged to meet the intrinsic motivation of travelers and make them perceive the value of this kind of tourism, which in turn promotes tourists’ choice, evaluation, and satisfaction of health and wellness tourism.
Minimum action method for the study of rare events

The least action principle from the Wentzell‐Freidlin theory of large deviations is exploited as a numerical tool for finding the optimal dynamical paths in spatially extended systems driven by a small noise. The action is discretized and a preconditioned BFGS method is used to optimize the discrete action. Applications are presented for thermally activated reversal in the Ginzburg‐Landau model in one and two dimensions, and for noise induced excursion events in the Brusselator taken as an example of non‐gradient system arising in chemistry. In the Ginzburg‐Landau model, the reversal proceeds via interesting nucleation events, followed by propagation of domain walls. The issue of nucleation versus propagation is discussed and the scaling for the number of nucleation events as a function of the reversal time and other material parameters is computed. Good agreement is found with the numerical results. In the Brusselator, whose deterministic dynamics has a single stable equilibrium state, the presence of noise is shown to induce large excursions by which the system cycles out of this equilibrium state. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bifidobacterium-derived short-chain fatty acids and indole compounds attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating gut-liver axis

Emerging evidences about gut-microbial modulation have been accumulated in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum on the NAFLD pathology and explore the molecular mechanisms based on multi-omics approaches. Human stool analysis [healthy subjects (n = 25) and NAFLD patients (n = 32)] was performed to select NAFLD-associated microbiota. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal chow diet (NC), Western diet (WD), and WD with B. breve (BB) or B. longum (BL; 109 CFU/g) for 8 weeks. Liver/body weight ratio, histopathology, serum/tool analysis, 16S rRNA-sequencing, and metabolites were examined and compared. The BB and BL groups showed improved liver histology and function based on liver/body ratios (WD 7.07 ± 0.75, BB 5.27 ± 0.47, and BL 4.86 ± 0.57) and NAFLD activity scores (WD 5.00 ± 0.10, BB 1.89 ± 1.45, and BL 1.90 ± 0.99; p < 0.05). Strain treatment showed ameliorative effects on gut barrier function. Metagenomic analysis showed treatment-specific changes in taxonomic composition. The community was mainly characterized by the significantly higher composition of the Bacteroidetes phylum among the NC and probiotic-feeding groups. Similarly, the gut metabolome was modulated by probiotics treatment. In particular, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites were reverted to normal levels by probiotics, whereas bile acids were partially normalized to those of the NC group. The analysis of gene expression related to lipid and glucose metabolism as well as the immune response indicated the coordinative regulation of β-oxidation, lipogenesis, and systemic inflammation by probiotic treatment. BB and BL attenuate NAFLD by improving microbiome-associated factors of the gut-liver axis.
Individual differences in beta-band oscillations predict motor-inhibitory control

Objective The ability of motor-inhibitory control is critical in daily life. The physiological mechanisms underlying motor inhibitory control deficits remain to be elucidated. Beta band oscillations have been suggested to be related to motor performance, but whether they relate to motor-inhibitory control remains unclear. This study is aimed at systematically investigating the relationship between beta band oscillations and motor-inhibitory control to determine whether beta band oscillations were related to the ability of motor-inhibitory control. Methods We studied 30 healthy young adults (age: 21.6 ± 1.5 years). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) was derived from stop signal task, indicating the ability of motor-inhibitory control. Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded for 12 min. Beta band power and functional connectivity (including global efficiency) were calculated. Correlations between beta band oscillations and SSRT were performed. Results Beta band EEG power in left and right motor cortex (MC), right somatosensory cortex (SC), and right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) was positively correlated with SSRT (P’s = 0.031, 0.021, 0.045, and 0.015, respectively). Beta band coherence between bilateral MC, SC, and IFC was also positively correlated with SSRT (P’s < 0.05). Beta band global efficiency was positively correlated with SSRT (P = 0.01). Conclusion This is the first study to investigate the relationship between resting-state cortical beta oscillations and response inhibition. Our findings revealed that individuals with better ability of motor inhibitory control tend to have less cortical beta band power and functional connectivity. This study has clinical significance on the underlying mechanisms of motor inhibitory control deficits.
Role of the plasma acceleration time in the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere

The time needed to accelerate plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere to the self-consistent flow imposed by coupling to the ionosphere is proportional to the Pedersen conductivity times the magnetic field divided by the flux tube content. Where this acceleration time becomes longer than the plasma outflow time, it is not possible to maintain magnetospheric plasma in corotation with the planet; comparison of the two time scales gives a general estimate of the limiting distance for corotation, identical to that previously derived by Hill from a specific flow model. At distances well beyond this limit, the magnetosphere becomes effectively decoupled from the ionosphere. In describing rotationally driven radial diffusion, inertial effects must be included whenever the acceleration time is not short compared to the eddy circulation time; they impose an upper bound on the circulation time proportional to the corotational period.
The structure of the narrow-line region in Cygnus A

We present intermediate-resolution spectra for the powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A taken with the ISIS spectrograph on the William Herschel Telescope. The spectra show complex emission-line profiles across the entire extent of the narrow-line region (NLR) along the radio axis (PA 105°), with line splittings (Δ V ∼ 300 km s - 1 ) at radial distances of 1-2 kpc to both the north-east and south-west, and a combination of broad (500 < FWHM < 800 km s - 1 ) and narrow (FWHM < 300 km s - 1 ) components within a radial distance of 1 kpc of the nucleus. The wide spectral coverage of the data allows us for the first time to measure the reddening, physical conditions and ionization of the kinematic subcomponents individually. Only the broad component detected in the near-nuclear regions shows evidence for significant reddening over and above that due to the Galaxy. The level of reddening of the nuclear broad component is consistent with the idea that the extinction associated with the kiloparsec-scale dust lane induces a mild (≤factor 2) anisotropy in the total emission-line flux, although there is no evidence for a compact, high-density inner narrow-line region in this source. Following correction for reddening, we find a remarkable degree of uniformity in the physical conditions and ionization state between the various spatial and kinematic subcomponents, suggesting a common ionization mechanism for all the subcomponents, despite the differences in kinematics. We use diagnostic diagrams to demonstrate that photoionization by the active galactic nucleus is the dominant ionization mechanism. However, a combination of matter- and radiation-bounded photoionized components is required to explain the strength of the [Fe VIII] λ6087 line and the high electron temperature measured from the [O III] (5007 + 4959)/4363 diagnostic ratio. A major outstanding issue for our understanding of the NLR gas in this and other radio galaxies is how the uniformity in the ionization and physical conditions can be maintained in a mixed photoionized medium across a range of spatial scales and kinematic subcomponents.
Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in various types of optical fiber

The temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion is examined for various types of fiber. Its coefficient is found to depend strongly on the dispersion slope. Dispersion-flattened fiber has a significantly low coefficient of -0.0005(ps/nm/km)/ degrees C , compared with -0.0038(ps/nm/km)/ degrees C for large-core nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber. Transmission lines with low dispersion slopes consisting of pure silica core fiber and dispersion-compensating fiber also exhibit low coefficients of less than -0.001(ps/nm/km)/ degrees C because of their compensating effects.
Cellwise Residual Analysis in Two-Way Contingency Tables

MacDonald and Gardner reported the results of a comparative study of two post hoc cellwise tests in 3 X 4 contingency tables under the independence and homogeneity models. Based on their results, they advised against the use of standardized residuals and in favor of adjusted residuals. Here the authors show that the comparison was biased in favor of adjusted residuals because of a failure to consider the nonunit variance of standardized residuals. The authors define a moment-corrected standardized residual that overcomes this bias and present the results of a thorough study including two-way tables of all dimensions between 2 X 2 and 8 X 12 that aimed at comparing moment-corrected standardized residuals with adjusted residuals. Across the entire set of table dimensions included in this study, the results reveal that both residuals yield essentially the same pat-tern of cell-by-cell and experimentwise Type I error rates when the data come from variables with uniform marginal distributions. When the data come from variables with peaked marginal distributions, adjusted residuals behave minimally better than moment-corrected residuals.
Common Method Bias in Regression Models With Linear, Quadratic, and Interaction Effects

This research analyzes the effects of common method variance (CMV) on parameter estimates in bivariate linear, multivariate linear, quadratic, and interaction regression models. The authors demonstrate that CMV can either inflate or deflate bivariate linear relationships, depending on the degree of symmetry with which CMV affects the observed measures. With respect to multivariate linear relationships, they show that common method bias generally decreases when additional independent variables suffering from CMV are included in a regression equation. Finally, they demonstrate that quadratic and interaction effects cannot be artifacts of CMV. On the contrary, both quadratic and interaction terms can be severely deflated through CMV, making them more difficult to detect through statistical means.