Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Evolution and Critical Factors of Urban Innovation: Evidence from Shanghai, China

The critical role of urban innovation in sustaining urban economic resilience has been widely acknowledged by scholars. Yet there is far from a full spectrum of understanding about how innovation performs, despite China’s innovation outputs having far outweighed most countries’. The perennial concern regarding the spatial patterns of innovation has been biased towards the macroscale, and long-standing efforts to explore the determinants of innovative vitality are focused on internal factors (e.g., research and development activities, and firm size). Considering these inadequacies, this research investigates how innovative activities are spatially distributed and how the pattern evolves in cities at the microscale, and examines influencing factors of the external environment. The patent data from 2000 to 2015 in Shanghai are geocoded and mapped into 1 km2 hexagon grids to identify local clustering. Gini coefficient is computed to show the high concentration of innovation activities across space. The hot spot analysis based on the Getis–Ord (Gi*) statistic shows that innovation exhibits a strong concentration propensity at the microscale and gradually moves toward a polycentric pattern. However, the extent of concentration decreases over the study period. Firms dictate innovation activities, and individuals and universities also play a role in downtown innovation growth. The regression using random effect model shows heterogeneous effects on different innovation actors. The overall urban innovation output, dominated by firms, is significantly influenced by public budget expenditures and green space areas. The science and technology grant has a positive impact on authorities but not university and research institutes. This research not only contributes to a methodological innovation for measuring and visualizing an innovation pattern but also enriches our understanding of spatial evolution and critical factors of innovation activities in urban China.
A Horse Race in a DSGE Framework

How can we explain the observed behavior of aggregate inflation in response to e.g. monetary policy changes? Mankiw and Reis (2002) have proposed sticky information as an alternative to Calvo sticky prices in order to model the conventional view that i) inflation reacts with delay and gradually to a monetary policy shock, ii) announced and credible disinflations are contractionary and iii) inflation accelerates with vigorous economic activity. I use a fully-fledged DSGE model with sticky information and compare it to Calvo sticky prices, allowing also for dynamic inflation indexation as in Christiano, Eichenbaum, and Evans (2005). I find that sticky information and sticky prices with dynamic inflation indexation do equally well in my DSGE model in delivering the conventional view.
Viscosity Controls Rapid Infiltration and Drainage, Not the Macropores

The paper argues that universal approaches to infiltration and drainage in permeable media pivoting around capillarity and leading to dual porosity, non-equilibrium, or preferential flow need to be replaced by a dual process approach. One process has to account for relatively fast infiltration and drainage based on Newton’s viscous shear flow, while the other one draws from capillarity and is responsible for storage and relatively slow redistribution of soil water. Already in the second half of the 19th Century were two separate processes postulated, however, Buckingham’s and Richards’ apparent universal capillarity-based approaches to the flow and storage of water in soils dominated. The paper introduces the basics of Newton’s shear flow in permeable media. It then presents experimental applications, and explores the relationships of Newton’s shear flow with Darcy’s law, Forchheimer’s and Richards’ equations, and finally extends to the transport of solutes and particles.
The Role of Customer Engagement and Relationship Quality toward E-Customer Loyalty in the Jordanian Online Environment

The digital world now is more dominant, and the customer shifts to online engagement and online practices. This paper aimed to develop a new framework to illustrate the impact of electronic customer engagement on relationship quality and e- customer loyalty in the online environment in Jordan. This study through reviewing the literature, extracted three dimensions of customer engagement; cognitive, affective and normative engagement. In addition to relationship quality and its mediating impact on customer loyalty.460 questioners were distributed to university student who confirmed following or liking at least one brand community on Facebook, (PLS-SEM)was used to analyze the data collected and the result showed that there is a significant impact of e-customer engagement on relationship quality and customer loyalty.in addition, relationship quality had partial mediation relation between customer engagement and e-customer loyalty.
Distribution and Risk Factors of Child Malnutrition in Bangladesh based on Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey-2014 Data

Background: Malnutrition is the root causes of morbidity and mortality amongst pre-school and school going children in Bangladesh. In addition, malnutrition not only affects individuals but its effects are passed from generation to generation. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the latest nutritional status of under-five children and identify the risk factors of child malnutrition in Bangladesh using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey-2014 along with its distribution and composition. Data and methodology: The data used for the present study has been derived from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2014). Sample of size 6965 has been used in this study extracted from 7886 kids’ record of BDHS-2014 with information on height and weight. Descriptive analysis has been performed to know the characteristics of the study subjects. Distribution of the z-scores is investigated, too. Then nutritional status has been clustered to gender, residence and division. And finally, binary logistic regression analysis has been used to identify influential factors that are significant to child malnutrition. Results: It has been found that 12.20% of under-five children are severely stunted and 24.91% are moderately stunted. It has been also found that 3.19% of under-five children are severely wasted, 11.74% are moderately wasted, 8.34% are severely underweighted and 24.69% are moderately underweighted. The malnutrition status (stunted) does not differ significantly to gender (p-value=0.239), but does significantly differ to residence (pvalue<0.001) and to division (p-value<0.001). When adjusted to all the factors, children of age group 18-23 months are significantly and about 7 times more likely to be stunted than children of less than 6 months age (adjusted odds ratio, AOR= 6.72, 95% confidence interval (CI)=4.94, 9.14). It has been found that Female children are less likely to be stunted than male (AOR=0.89, 95% CI=0.80, 0.99). Birth interval less than 24 months is another correlates of child malnutrition (AOR=1.37, 95% CI=1.10, 1.70). Underweighted mothers are more likely to have stunted child. Children of educated parents are less likely to be stunted. Children of Sylhet division are most likely to be stunted. Children of rural areas are 16% less likely to be stunted than urban area (AOR=0.84, 95% CI=0.74, 0.96). Children of richest families are 60% less likely to be stunted than poorest group (AOR=0.40, 95% CI=0.32, 0.50). However, job of parents is not found to have significant association with nutritional status of under-five children in Bangladesh. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that increasing educational facilities for mothers and fathers can improve the child nutrition. Government and policymakers may take comprehensive and concrete challenge to overcome wealth inequities. Therefore, immediate actions are required to address all these issues to improve the nutritional status of children in Bangladesh.
Prediction of Optical and Non-Optical Water Quality Parameters in Oligotrophic and Eutrophic Aquatic Systems Using a Small Unmanned Aerial System

The purpose of this study was to create different statistically reliable predictive algorithms for trophic state or water quality for optical (total suspended solids (TSS), Secchi disk depth (SDD), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a)) and non-optical (total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN)) water quality variables or indicators in an oligotrophic system (Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA) Duck Creek Nursery Ponds) and a eutrophic system (City of Commerce, Oklahoma, Wastewater Lagoons) using remote sensing images from a small unmanned aerial system (sUAS) equipped with a multispectral imaging sensor. To develop these algorithms, two sets of data were acquired: (1) In-situ water quality measurements and (2) the spectral reflectance values from sUAS imagery. Reflectance values for each band were extracted under three scenarios: (1) Value to point extraction, (2) average value extraction around the stations, and (3) point extraction using kriged surfaces. Results indicate that multiple variable linear regression models in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum best describe the relationship between TSS (R2 = 0.99, p-value = <0.01), SDD (R2 = 0.88, p-value = <0.01), Chl-a (R2 = 0.85, p-value = <0.01), TP (R2 = 0.98, p-value = <0.01) and TN (R2 = 0.98, p-value = <0.01). In addition, this study concluded that ordinary kriging does not improve the fit between the different water quality parameters and reflectance values.
Effect of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Customers who have Bank Accounts in both Public and Private Banks in Sri Lanka

Along with globalization, new technologies are introduced to the banking sector in order to enhance service quality which is consequential to attract and retain rational customers. In the competitive market, banks in both public and private sectors apply different strategies to improve the quality of their services provided. However, there is a lack of recent evidence to show how the quality of these services affects customer satisfaction, leaving a significant hole in Sri Lankan literature. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the effect of service quality of commercial banks on customer satisfaction. Data were collected from 141 customers who maintain both public and private bank accounts in the Gampaha district. Convenient sampling method was used to select the sample. Data were collected through a structural questionnaire
HAGIA SOPHIA IN ISTANBUL: SOME REMARKS ON DISPLACEMENT PHENOMENA IN MAIN PIERS

The correct understanding of the conservation level of a historical masonry monument often represents a difficult task to deal with, because of both the high number of uncertainties and the difficulties related to the correct representation of the monument’s behavior with simple structural schemes. The nowadays museum of Hagia Sophia (which formerly was a church and a mosque) is one of the most masonry monuments inherited from past days, thus representing an exceptional task for those involved in structural analyses of monumental buildings. A correct modeling procedure would require, besides the necessary information on the present geometry, the knowledge of all the major steps in the monument’s history and evolution; it is then necessary to acquire information about its original shape and the techniques used during its erection, about all the events happened during the life of the monument (collapses and other significant events), about some possible changes in the mechanical behavior (i.e. due to creep or to inelastic deformations). As a matter of facts, the present structural behavior is due to a sequence of events which should be known when dealing with any intervention aimed at the monument’s protection. Some of the aforementioned aspects are enhanced in Hagia Sophia because of the peculiar properties of the masonry which has been used during its erection (very thick mortar beds), because of some important collapses happened during the years, because of a series of substantial interventions aimed to the safeguard of the monument (which often completely modified its structural behavior). It is then clear then the set-up of a numerical model reproducing the behavior of the whole monument would be almost meaningless, so that in the present study only a particular aspect has been investigated, by using only “partial” structural models. In Hagia Sophia, one of the most important aspect is represented by the relevant inclination of both main and buttress piers on northern and southern sides of the monument, as it has been reported in other studies performed by Mainstone that will be described in the following [1]. The large difference between the values of dome’ main diameters that has been surveyed could then also be due to the “structural weakness” of those structural elements; the analyses of displacements occurred at piers’ top level just after their erection will then be the aim of the present research. After a preliminary section in which some of the most important steps in the history and the evolution of the monument will be sketched, the analysis of piers’ displacements will be discussed; the adopted approach consisted in both linear-elastic analyses and nonlinear ones, the latter aimed to define “equivalent” linear parameters to be used in subsequent finite elements models.
Mjerenje zadovoljstva životom jednom česticom / Single-Item Life Satisfaction Measurement

Generalno zadovoljstvo životom često je mjereno jednom česticom, no psihometrijske karakteristike takvog načina mjerenja rijetko su provjeravane. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je provjera pouzdanosti i valjanosti mjerenja zadovoljstva životom jednom česticom uspoređujući mjerenje jednom česticom s Ljestvicom zadovoljstva životom (SWLS). Istraživanje je provedeno na tri nezavisna prigodna uzorka studenata i odraslih. Pouzdanost mjerenja zadovoljstva životom jednom česticom procijenjena je dvjema metodama procjene (korištenjem formule za korekciju zbog atenuacije i korištenjem faktorske analize). Obje metode ukazuju zadovoljavajuću pouzdanost jedne čestice u sva tri nezavisna uzorka. Mjerenje zadovoljstva životom jednom česticom pokazalo je odgovarajuću kriterijsku valjanost. Kako bismo provjerili konstruktnu valjanost koristili smo povezanost između dviju mjera zadovoljstva životom i mjera općeg psihičkog distresa (CORE-10, CORE-OM i DASS-21). Rezultati ukazuju na zadovoljavajuću konstruktnu valjanost mjere zadovoljstva životom jednom česticom, odnosno ukazuju da je ta mjera snažnije povezana s mjerama općeg psihičkog distresa.
Measuring Markups from Revenue and Total Cost: An Application to Japanese Plant-Product Matched Data

The evolution of product markups has important implications for macroeconomic dynamics. However, thus far, the trends and distributions of product markups have been very different, depending on how they are estimated. This paper uses plant-product matched data from Japan, and theoretically and empirically compares two alternative measures of product markups. One measure is De Loecker and Warzynski's (2012) state-of-the-art production approach that estimates production function parameters and computes markups from the output elasticities of an input divided by that input's revenue share. An alternative measure, which has been much less frequently applied empirically to micro data, is Diewert and Fox's (2008) approach that derived markups from the revenues divided by the total costs. Markups derived from the latter approach are consistent with the theoretical predictions: The markups increase as their market power increases and as their marginal costs decline.
Natural Calamities and Household Finance: Evidence from Kerala Floods∗

We study the impact of a natural calamity on household budget and balance sheet items. A major Indian state (Kerala) experienced an exogenous environmental shock to economic activity due to heavy rainfall and the resulting floods during the months of June-August 2018. The bordering states i.e. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu did not experience such a shock during the same period. In this paper we use the distribution of rainfall and relief measures in Kerala to causally estimate the impact of floods on household finances. We show that relative to the households in the bordering states, income for households in Kerala decreased by 16 percent (cumulative) between June and August-2018 but was quick to rebound. Household expenditure on the other hand decreased by 7 percent (cumulative) during the same period but the decline persisted for a longer period. We also find that the key mechanism for the recovery of household finance post the floods was through borrowings from different sources, especially from banks. JEL Codes: Q54, R22, D11
Alternative Teacher Certification Students’ Motivations of Teaching

This study investigates the Alternative Certification Program (ACP) students’ motivations to become teachers. Fit-Choice Scale is used. Sample of the study consists of 248 participants in three groups i.e. Health, Sports and Mathematics. Descriptive and inferential statistics, and content analysis are used to examine ACP students’ reasons to want to become teachers, and to investigate differences regarding their primary career choices, age and gender. The results showed that social, intrinsic career and personal utility values are the highly rated motivation factors. Teaching is perceived as a highly skillful occupation and a high status profession by the ACP students. Relationships between ACP students’ motivations and perceptions with their primary career choices, age and gender are identified. Health group had higher motivation for time for family, and Sports group had higher motivation for ability and job security. Mathematics group’s motivation for job transferability, perception scores of salary and social status of teaching profession and career choice satisfaction were lower than the other groups. Yet their perception scores of difficulty was higher than the others. ACP students older than the mean age of 26 had higher scores of selfperceptions of ability, intrinsic career value, job transferability and work with children factors than their young classmates. Significant differences are observed between male and female participants’ motivation of having time for family. Together with contrasting findings and particular similarities with the previous research, these relationships are used to conclude that ACP students themselves have different motivation patterns. Influence of sample characteristics and contextual features are also acknowledged.
Career Concerns with Cost Uncertainty∗

I consider a continuous-time career concerns model. As in Holmström (1999), there is symmetric uncertainty about a worker’s ability. Also, the worker has private information about her conscientiousness (cost of effort). The sequence of observed outputs allows learning about both attributes of the worker. As in the career concerns literature, incentives to exert effort are driven in part by a signal-jamming motive, i.e., the desire to manipulate the market’s beliefs about the worker’s ability. In line with prior results, this motive is present throughout the worker’s lifetime, but its impact on the worker’s effort gradually decreases over time as the market learns the worker’s ability. In contrast, the motive to signal conscientiousness is more nuanced and changes sign as time progresses. I find that early in her career, cost uncertainty pushes the agent to work harder to signal that she is conscientious. During her middle and late career, the agent has an incentive to signal that she is lazy. In the second phase of her career, the agent lowers her effort to seem lazy. During her late career, the agent, surprisingly, increases her effort in order to convince the market of her laziness. This result, in which the impact of cost uncertainty on effort choice changes sign twice is used to explain the patterns of residuals in the relation between earnings and work experience specified in Mincer (1974) and noted in Murphy & Welch (1990). JEL codes: D82, D83, J22, J24, L14 ∗I thank Alessandro Lizzeri for his constant support and guidance, and Dilip Abreu, Micael Castanheira, Chris Flinn, Ed Green, Boyan Jovanovic, Eric Madsen, and Julien Prat for very useful advice. I am also grateful to seminar participants at New York University, University at Buffalo SUNY, and the University of Utah for their comments and suggestions. All mistakes are my own. †David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah. Email: ravideep.sethi@eccles.utah. edu
Accumulation of lead (Pb) on fish caught by millennium gillnets (ply) in Musi estuary, Banyuasin waters, South Sumatera, Indonesia

Millenium gillnet (ply) fishing gear began operating in the coastal waters of Banyuasin in 2016. This tool is a government alternative to replace trawl fishing gear. The catches obtained include economic fish. The study was aimed to analyze the accumulation of lead on fish caught by millenium gillnet (ply) in Musi estuary. Fish were obtained from fishing ground fishermen. The samples taken were fish organs (gills, gastric contents and fish meat) then the samples were reconstructed using HNO3 and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that Pb accumulated in all types of fish caught using ply in Musi estuary coast and the amount exceeded the safe consumption limits applied by FAO, BPOM, and several countries. Overall, there is a tendency for the highest Pb metal accumulation in gills organs.
For Better or Worse? Fertility Challenges and Marital Dissolution

In the economic approach to marriage and divorce, unanticipated shocks during a marriage can have a destabilizing effect on the union. The bearing and raising of children is a key source of wellbeing for the vast majority of marriages around the world. We argue that fertility challenges are one such shock that change a couple’s expected gains from marriage and result in higher odds of divorce. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from close to a million women across 63 developing countries, we investigate how a permanent change in potential family size brought on by infertility impacts the risk of marital dissolution. We find that infertility increases the likelihood that the respondent reports her current marital status as dissolved by 50 percent. The increase in marital dissolution is especially sizable for couples who were childless due to infertility as compared to couples for whom infertility strikes after having at least one living child. We supplement this analysis by looking at two additional fertility challenges: the death of the first-born child and a first-born daughter. We find that the death of a child destabilizes the marital union, however the effect size is much smaller than the effect of infertility. Since our setting is one of developing countries, we can investigate if the impacts of a given fertility challenge is lessened in nations where polygamy is prevalent. The presence of another wife should provide partial insurance against an unexpected bad fertility outcome. We find that both infertility and the death of the first-born child are less destabilizing in nations where polygamous unions are common. This study contributes to the nascent literature on marital dissolution in the developing world and the role of polygamy in marital dissolution.