Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arithmetic soft-core accelerators

In this dissertation, we address the design of multi-functional arithmetic units working with the most common fixed-point number representations, namely: unsigned, sign-magnitude, fractional, ten's and two's complement notations. The main design goal is to collapse multiple complex arithmetic operations into a single, universal arithmetic unit, aiming at the highest possible reutilization of shared hardware resources. More specifically, we propose an Arithmetic unit for collapsed Sum-of-Absolute Differences (SAD) and Multiplication operations (AUSM). This unit collapses various multi-operand addition based operations, such as SAD, universal notation multiplication, Multiply-Accumulate (MAC), fractional multiplication. Our AUSM design demonstrated high hardware reutilization level of up to 75%, yet its performance is comparable to the fastest related stand-alone designs supporting the individual operations. Another complex arithmetic operation, considered in this thesis is Matrix-Vector Multiplication. We collapsed fixed-point dense and sparse matrix-vector multiplication in one unit. It's Xilinx Virtex II Pro implementation suggests up to 21GOPS on a xc2vp100-6 FPGA device. Furthermore, in this thesis, we propose an arithmetic unit for universal addition, which supports addition/subtraction in binary and Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) representations in various sign notations. The hardware reutilization level for this unit was 40% and its performance was estimated to be more than 82MOPS. All considered units require massively parallel memory organizations, capable of providing high data throughput. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose a high-performance address generator (AGEN) employing a modified version of the low-order interleaved memory access approach. Our experiments suggest that the AGEN can produce 8 X 32 - bit addresses every 6 ns. Overall, in this dissertation, we demonstrated a design approach, which allows collapsing of multiple arithmetic operations into performance efficient universal designs with high level of hardware reutilization among the implemented functions.
Radiofrequency ablation as a novel modality in the USA for treating toxic thyroid nodules: case series and literature review

Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely accepted as a treatment for non-functioning benign thyroid nodules, mainly to reduce compressive symptoms. In addition to potential compressive symptoms, autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) can cause palpitations, weight loss, diarrhea, increased appetite, flushing, irritability, tiredness, poor sleep, and long-term cardiovascular and musculoskeletal consequences. Currently, there are no United States based RFA practice guidelines for the treatment of AFTNs. However, several reports from Asia and Europe have described the resolution of hyperthyroidism secondary to AFTNs with RFA. Case Description Three patients with toxic thyroid nodules presented with symptomatic hyperthyroidism, suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and increased uptake on nuclear medicine thyroid scan. These patients were treated with RFA. At 3 months following ablation, TSH normalized to 2.09, 1.91, and 1.34 mIU/mL respectively. However, temporary hypothyroidism was encountered at 1 month following ablation. All patients discontinued their antithyroid medications following ablation. Nodules exhibited significant volume reductions of 38%, 32%, and 54% from the baseline at 1-month follow-up. Conclusions RFA potentiates as a safe and effective treatment of toxic thyroid nodules. Though it carries a risk of temporary hypothyroidism following ablation, long-term consequences appear to be minimal. Future study with larger sample size and longer follow-up are encouraged to identify factors predicting response.
Radio Resource Selection in C-V2X Mode 4: A Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

The Third Generation Partnership Project has standardized cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) sidelink Mode 4 communication to support vehicle-to-vehicle safety applications. In Mode 4, the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) scheme allows vehicles to select radio resources autonomously. In particular, SPS has three steps to generate available resource lists (ARLs) for resource selection. However, the overlapping of ARLs is inevitable when radio resources are insufficient. In this case, randomly selecting from ARLs according to SPS is likely to make adjacent vehicles select the same resources, resulting in packet collisions. Unlike SPS, this paper proposes a multiagent deep reinforcement learning-based SPS (RL-SPS) algorithm to help vehicles select appropriate radio resources. As a consequence, packet collisions can be largely reduced. Furthermore, a centralized multi-head attention mechanism is adopted to improve the efficiency of the training process of RL-SPS. Simulation results demonstrate the reliability, scalability and robustness of the RL-SPS in a dynamic vehicular network.
Evaporative pre-cooling of a condenser airflow: investigation of nozzle cone angle, spray inclination angle and nozzle location

ABSTRACT In hot and dry areas, evaporative cooling can enhance the performance of air-cooled condensers. Pre-cooling of a condenser airflow in a channel by a spray nozzle has been studied numerically. The Eulerian-Lagrangian 3D equations for two-phase flow have been discretized using the finite volume method. An experimental setup has been prepared to validate the numerical model. The effects of nozzle cone angle, spray inclination angle, and nozzle location in the channel have been investigated on the outlet air temperature, droplet evaporation rate, and spray cooling efficiency. The results represent that, between four analyzed geometrical parameters, nozzle longitudinal location is the most important parameter and the spray inclination angle has the lowest degree of importance. Spray inclination angle analysis displays that the counter-flow condition of the nozzle is more efficient than co-flow and cross-flow conditions. The case with the nozzle height of 45 cm in the duct, spray inclination angle of $$180^\circ $$180∘, and nozzle cone angle of $$60^\circ $$60∘ is the best case. The maximum and minimum spray cooling efficiencies among the cases are about 30.5% and 21%, respectively. Hence, the nozzle geometrical parameters can affect the evaporative cooling capacity up to 45%.
Investigation of Transient Two-Stage Thermal Equivalent RC Network of SOI-MOSFETs Using Nano Double-Pulse Measurement

The self-heating effect (SHE) of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs brings challenges to the measurement and modeling of transient electrothermal characteristics. For the first time, this study obtains the transient two-stage thermal equivalent RC network of SOI MOSFETs by nano double-pulse measurement combined with network identification by a deconvolution (NID) method. The two-stage model provides a comprehensive reference for the accumulation of residual heat under dynamic operation. We reveal that since the oxide layer acts as a thermal reservoir, the heat dissipation process can be divided into three phases according to thermal time constants. The results of geometry dependence of thermal parameters show that the gate length and width-to-length ratio ( ${W}/{L}$ ) increase: the thermal resistance trend of both stages decreases, the one-stage thermal time constant increases, but the two-stage thermal time constant decreases. Also, as the scaling of device dimension and mutual thermal coupling, the thermal transient response boosts significantly.
The root operator on invariant subspaces of the Bergman space

For an invariant subspace I of the Bergman space we study an integral operator on I deﬁned in terms of the reproducing kernel of I . Such an operator will be called the root operator of I and its associated integral kernel will be called the root function of I . We obtain fundamental spectral properties of the root operator when the invariant subspace I has ﬁnite index.
A multi‐mechanism constitutive model for plastic adaption under cyclic loading

As is well known, granular soils under cyclic loading dissipate a large amount of energy and accumulate large irreversible strains. Usually, with time, this second effect reduces and the accumulation rate decreases with the number of cycles until obtaining a sort of ideal stationary cyclic state at which ratcheting disappears. In this paper, only this ideal state is taken into consideration and simulated by means of a multi‐mechanism constitutive model for plastic adaptation. For this purpose, the concept of cycle is discussed, many different categories of cyclic stress/strain paths are considered and some theoretical issues concerning both the flow and the strain‐hardening rules are tackled. Even though the paper focuses on soil behaviour, the conclusions can be extended to all materials exhibiting ratcheting due to volumetric behaviour.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brillouin scattering of light by spin waves in thin ferromagnetic films (invited)

The new technique of Brillouin scattering from spin waves has been applied to thin ferromagnetic films. Scattering from standing spin waves and the Damon Eshbach (DE) surface wave is observed. The interaction of both types of waves at a mode crossing in Fe films under variation of the thickness d is investigated. The results suggest the absence of surface anisotropy and pinning. For d≲20 nm scattering from standing modes becomes too weak to be observed. In contrast to this, for the DE mode there is a strong increase in the scattering intensity when the films have been evaporated onto the proper substrates. It is shown that this is due to both an increase in the thermal DE mode amplitudes and multiple interference effects in the lightscattering process. Very strong scattering is obtained from films with d≊5 nm. There is also a remarkable Stokes‐Antistokes asymmetry, which persists down to d≲3 nm. It comes from the elliptical spin‐precession characteristic for such small values of d and the strong metallic .
NITROGEN UTILISATION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN SMALL-SCALE DAIRY SYSTEMS IN THE HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL MEXICO

Background: Nitrogen (N) plays an important role within milk production systems (MPS), as an indicator of environmental and economic efficiency. Objective. The objective was to determine utilisation of N offered in the ration and estimate GHG from the enteric fermentation and manure management in 12 small-scale dairy farms under two feeding strategies. Methodology. Six farms had their herds in confinement under a cut-and-carry feeding system, and six farms implemented day grazing of mixed pastures, both systems used commercial concentrates as a supplement. Cows in milk production and their replacements were considered in the study. Pasture intake was calculated by difference in dry matter intake, using 3.2 % of live weight as intake factor. The N utilisation was determined by difference between N intake and excretion at each farm during a whole year operation. The GHG emissions were estimated following Tier 2 guidelines rom IPCC. Differences in feeding strategies were analysed with a completely random block design using farms as a blocking factor. Results. Mean farm size was 5.0 ha for cut-and-carry and 16.0 ha for grazing, and dry matter feed self-sufficiency was 62 and 83% respectively, considering 12% and 22% refusals for each strategy. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) for any of the N utilisation components (N in diet, N in milk, N in manure, NH3 and N2O or GHG emissions. Implications. This is a novel report on assessing N fluxes and GHG emissions from small-scale dairy systems in Mexico and Latin America. Conclusions. In general, 87.6% of the N consumed is excreted in manure and urine. The feeding strategies did not diverge enough to have an impact on GHG emissions.
Embedding Knowledge Graphs with Semantic-Guided Walk

—Knowledge graph completion can complete knowledge by predicting missing facts, which is a increasingly hot research topic in knowledge graph construction. Prevalent approaches propose to embed knowledge graphs in a low-dimensional vector space and use these embedding to predict, but they neglect either semantic information or graph structures. We propose a new approach to knowledge graph completion named as A TT W ALK , which learns embedding by exploiting both structural and semantic features of a knowledge graph. This is achieved by leveraging a key insight that an entities’ embedding is influenced by its multi-hop neighbors’, which can be further distinguished by their semantic importance to the entity. A TT W ALK orchestrates a two-step workflow by first evaluating neighbors’ semantic weights using graph attention networks for each entity, then exploring the entities’ local structural features by performing a semantic weight guided walk. We evaluate A TT W ALK by conducting extensive experiments, which show that A TT W ALK outperforms 12 representative approaches on average across 3 publicly available datasets.
Resilience as a Source of Easement to Health-Related Worries in Women at Increased Risk for Breast or Ovarian Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has affected individuals’ and society’s physical and psychological well-being. The study was conducted in order to assess the predictors for health-related worries during the COVID-19 pandemic in vulnerable populations. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey of women who had a higher risk of developing breast cancer (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC) was conducted, regardless of whether they had experienced an active malignant disease during the pandemic. A self-reported questionnaire was designed for this study to assess health-related worries. The PHQ-4 questionnaire was used to evaluate mental health, and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) questionnaire was employed to investigate resilience. Results History of BC or OC was recognized as an independent significant risk factor for worries regarding being more susceptible to a more severe course of COVID-19 disease (OR 3.593; 95% CI 1.030–12.536; p = 0.045). High scores in the BRS questionnaire were negatively correlated with health-related worries, such as an increased risk for occurrence of BC or OC (OR 0.332; 95% CI 0.118–0.933; p = 0.37) or worsening of oncological outcome as a result of an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (OR 0.330; 95% I 0.114–0.956; p = 0.041). Conclusion The obtained findings determined resilience as an independent and potent protective parameter in terms of health-related concerns in women at high risk for BC and OC. The results may assist in identifying women at risk for health-related concerns during adverse life events, allowing healthcare providers to respond fast and according to the patients´ needs.
Trees with given degree sequences that have minimal subtrees

In this paper, we investigate the structures of an extremal tree which has the minimal number of subtrees in the set of all trees with the given degree sequence of a tree. In particular, the extremal trees must be caterpillar and but in general not unique. Moreover, all extremal trees with a given degree sequence $\pi=(d_1, ., d_5, 1,., 1)$ have been characterized.
A Human-in-the-loop Approach to Generate Annotation Usage Rules

Frameworks and libraries provide functionality through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Developers might misuse these APIs, because their usage rules are often implicit, undocumented, or not readily available in the form of checkable rules. At the same time, manually writing usage rules for each API is time consuming. Therefore, researchers have proposed various techniques to automatically mine API usage rules. However, mined rules are not always accurate, resulting in false positives when used for misuse detection. To overcome these trade-offs, we combine rule mining and manual rule authoring approaches by creating a human-in-the-loop API usage rule generation pipeline. Based on our industrial collaborator’s needs, our work focuses on generating annotation-based API usage rules for MicroProfile, a framework designed for building microservices using Enterprise Java. We use a frequent-itemset based pattern-mining technique to mine MicroProfile annotation usage rules and design a GUI-based rule validation tool (RVT) that allows experts to browse through the mined rules to validate (accept, edit, discard) them. Our pipeline then automatically generates checkable API usage rules from the confirmed rules, which can then be used to detect misuses or to enhance documentation. To assess the usefulness of having mined rules as a starting point for rule authoring and to assess the usability of RVT in validating rules, we perform a user study with MicroProfile API experts.
Challenges in the diagnosis of marginal zone lymphoma with symptoms of small intestinal disease: a case report and scoping review of the literature

Background Marginal zone lymphoma can be accompanied by symptoms of small intestinal disease including abdominal pain and malabsorption. However, the best diagnostic approach for suspected marginal zone lymphoma is unknown and intestinal biopsies are frequently negative. We describe the case of a patient with symptoms of small bowel involvement where marginal zone lymphoma could only be detected upon peripheral lymph node resection. To assess the clinical variability of intestinal marginal zone lymphoma as a rare clinical entity, a scoping review with systematic literature research was performed. Methods A 57-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of postprandial abdominal pain, systemic inflammation and recent weight loss. Endoscopies and a surgical small bowel specimen revealed non-specific findings. Flow cytometry from the bone marrow was highly suspicious for marginal zone lymphoma. A 2-18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2-18F-FDG-PET/CT) showed hypermetabolic lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm. Cervical lymph node dissection finally confirmed marginal zone lymphoma. Immunochemotherapy yielded lasting oncological remission and resolved symptoms. We searched PubMed, Embase and Ovid MEDLINE® for additional case reports limited to the last 25 years. Five primary search terms combined using “AND” were used freely and as controlled vocabulary. Additional studies were identified by reviewing the reference lists of included articles. Results Our review revealed 52 cases of marginal zone lymphoma with small intestinal manifestation. Patients presented with abdominal pain, bowel obstruction, weight loss or gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis was mainly established by surgery (73%). The most frequent endoscopic findings were mucosal erosions and ulcerations. A 2-18F-FDG-PET/CT was positive in 9/15 patients. Treatment included rituximab, chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiation resulting in clinical remission in 82% of cases. Conclusions Diagnostic workup for suspected small intestinal marginal zone lymphoma is challenging, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach. Endoscopy, imaging including 2-18F-FDG-PET/CT and small bowel resection or dissection of hypermetabolic lymph nodes can be useful. If marginal zone lymphoma is suspected vigorous diagnostic efforts are justified since remission can be achieved in most patients. Our review highlights the variable clinical presentation of this underdiagnosed disease and adds systematic data to the literature.
JET MOTION, INTERNAL WORKING SURFACES, AND NESTED SHELLS IN THE PROTOSTELLAR SYSTEM HH 212

HH 212 is a nearby (400 pc) highly collimated protostellar jet powered by a Class 0 source in Orion. We have mapped the inner 80″ (∼0.16 pc) of the jet in SiO ( J = 8 − 7 ? > ) and CO ( J = 3 − 2 ? > ) simultaneously at ∼ 0. ″ 5 resolution with the Atacama Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (SMA) at unprecedented sensitivity. The jet consists of a chain of knots and bow shocks with sinuous structures in between. Compared to what we saw in our previous observations with the SMA, the jet appears to be more continuous, especially in the northern part. Some of the knots are now observed to be associated with small bow shocks, with their bow wings curving back to the jet axis, as seen in pulsed jet simulations. Two of the knots are reasonably resolved, showing kinematics consistent with sideways ejection, possibly tracing the internal working surfaces formed by a temporal variation in the jet velocity. In addition, nested shells are seen in CO around the jet axis connecting to the knots and bow shocks, driven by them. The proper motion of the jet is estimated to be ∼115 ± 50 km s−1, comparing with our previous observations. The jet has a small semi-periodical wiggle with a period of ∼93 yr. The amplitude of the wiggle first increases with the distance from the central source and then stays roughly constant. One possible origin of the wiggle could be the kink instability in a magnetized jet.
Don't Worry, I Know What I'm Doing: Talent Management Practices between South Korean and Foreign-Owned Firms

Abstract It is frequently argued that Talent Management (TM) has been derived from Western, and there are gaps between spread westernized TM format and contexts of non-western countries when TM is adopted and practiced in a business daily basis. The cultural and institutional gaps to adopt TM are analyzed in this paper through comparing the differences in TM practices between foreign owned subsidiaries and local firms in South Korea using an institutional theory lens. A mixed method approach including 55 semi-structured interviews from South Korean and non-South Korean employees and 155 survey responses is employed. This paper results revealed the clear distinctions that indigenous firms practice inclusive and implicit TM, whereas foreign firms practice global standard exclusive TM program South Korean firms are developing very specific approaches within their traditional cultures such as collectivism and Confucianism to manage talent, and also local employees evaluate this tailored TM approach is effective like other foreign MNCs’ exclusive TM approach. Firms experience and respond to the external exigencies in very different ways and tendencies for isomorphism cannot be assumed.
Mobile Application: A Proposal for the Inventory Management of Pharmaceutical Industry Companies

—In recent years, the development of mobile applications has been evolving and becoming more and more frequent. This event is positive, since it plays an important role in facing and mitigating the multiple adversities that appear in the different existing sectors, such as business. On the other hand, it was detected that a little known problem that many companies in the pharmaceutical industry experience is poor inventory management, which causes countless consequences, generally of a negative nature. For this reason, in this work it was decided to make a mobile application prototype to face this problem. In this regard, the RUP methodology was used, along with various computer tools, in order to elaborate the prototype. Besides, as a data collection technique, surveys were made, which were subjected to expert judgment, in order to qualify the prototype. Likewise, very satisfactory results were obtained, concluding that the mobile application prototype that was developed complies with all the necessary conditions to mitigate the inventory management problems of pharmaceutical industry companies.