Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transoceanic genetic similarities of kelp‐associated sea slug populations: long‐distance dispersal via rafting?

Our aim was to test for transoceanic dispersal in direct‐developing species of Onchidella (Mollusca: Gastropoda). As these slugs are ecologically associated with buoyant bull‐kelp (Durvillaea), and are known to raft, we predicted that they would show evidence of recent genetic connectivity among isolated landmasses.
Sodium partitioning within the shoot of soybean

Uptake and partitioning of Na+ and Cl− in plants of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Hodgson) exposed to moderate NaCl concentrations were studied over an 8-day period. Plants showed marked retention of Na+ in the stems and low transport to laminae of young leaves. The xylem sap ascending the main axis was progressively depleted in Na+. The oldest leaf greatly contributed to Na+ depletion of the sap flowing to younger leaves. These results in combination with estimates of phloem recirculation indicated that Na+ accumulation in the young leaf was prevented both by depletion of Na+ from the xylem stream, and by a high recirculation of Na+ via the phloem. However, this protection of young leaves was effective only for very mild salinity treatment.
Utilization of the grazing resources by buffaloes in the Arusha National Park, Tanzania

Summary The purpose of the survey was to develop a meaningful method for assessing the utilization of the existing edaphic and serai grasslands in the park. Particular attention was given to the effect of grazing on the growth of different species of grasses, the course of plant succession and the fire hazard, in relation to the productivity and diversity of the environment. The distribution and composition of the different types of grassland are described and their suitability as pasture at different seasons is discussed. Utilization was assessed by recording the extent of short grass that is maintained by grazing in relation to the unused mature grass at different seasons of the year. Near optimum utilization of the edaphic (high water-table) grasslands in the bottom lands takes place over a prolonged period. Utilization of the derived grasslands on the hills and uplands is increasing as the buffalo herds benefit by protection in the park. It is estimated that the available pastures can still accommodate an increased population of buffaloes and other grazing animals. Furthermore, advantages to the environment will accrue as a result of the reduced fire hazard. Buffaloes are the dominant grazing animals throughout and so mainly their impact on the vegetation is considered. The distribution and density of the buffalo population is recorded, and it is concluded that the existing number is well within the carrying capacity of the park. It is suggested that under-grazing could be serious because of the increased fire risk that would result. In order to improve the grazing in the secondary grasslands preliminary trials for managing fire by patch burning have been successfully initiated.
Effectiveness of some biocontrol and chemical treatments against Heterobasidion annosum on Norway spruce stumps

Summary The biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, Verticillium bulbillosum, Hypholoma fasciculare, Phanerochaete velutina, Vuilleminiia comedens together with the chemical treatments propiconazole and the culture filtrate of V. bulbillosum were tested on Norway spruce stumps during 2 years in order to evaluate their effectiveness against Heterobasidion annosum. The results were compared, in 1 year, with the effectiveness of Phlebiopsis gigantea. All the treatments reduced H. annosum infections. The best results were obtained with P. velutina, propiconazole and with culture filtrates and conidial suspensions of V. bulbillosum.
3‐D Magnetotelluric Imaging of the Easternmost Kunlun Fault: Insights Into Strain Partitioning and the Seismotectonics of the Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 Earthquake

We present a three‐dimensional electrical resistivity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath the easternmost Kunlun fault (EKLf), obtained by three‐dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data. The crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi block is characterized by high resistivity from the surface to a depth of around 20 km, and by low resistivity in the mid‐lower crust in the depth range 20–40 km. The eastern edge of the high conductivity layer is coincident with the EKLf and the Huya fault. The electrical resistivity structure provides new insights into both (1) the generation of recent M > 6 earthquakes and (2) strain partitioning on this segment of the EKLf. Our model reveals that the Huya fault is the main branch of the EKLf in the region. Together with the EKLf, the Huya fault defines the boundary between the Songpan‐Ganzi and Bikou blocks. The mid‐lower crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi block in this region has a low resistivity that likely represents a mechanically weak layer. The 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 earthquake and other recent M > 6 earthquakes may have been controlled by the change in viscosity in the mid‐lower crust that occurs across this boundary. The high conductivity may be acting as either (1) a channel of lower crustal flow, or (2) as a weak layer that decouples the upper and lower crust. The fact that the high conductivity layer does not extend along the north side of the Sichuan Basin questions the idea that crustal flow occurs in this area.
Amélioration de la motilité des spermatozoïdes testiculaires de néomâles de truite commune (Salmo trutta) au début de la période de reproduction

Les etudes menees dans les installations de la Salmoniculture experimentale marine Ifremer-Inra (SEMII), ont permis la mise au point d'une filiere truite « fario >> (truite commune, Salmo trutta) prometteuse pour la salmoniculture marine francaise (Faure, 1991). Comme pour les filieres truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) et saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) la production de populations composees exclusivement de femelles triploides est potentiellement interessante (Quillet et al., 199 1). Dans le but de produire ces populations il est indispensable d'obtenir des neomâles genetiquement femelles a l'aide d'un traitement masculinisant. Un tel traitement a ete mis au point par Chevassus et Krieg (1992) qui obtiennent un taux eleve de masculinisation (94%) avec de la methyltestosterone (3 mgkg d'aliment) administree pendant les 80 premiers jours d'alimentation. La plupart des neomâles ainsi produits ne possede pas de spermiducte fonctionnel. Une dose plus faible (0,5 mgkg d'aliment pendant 60 jours), efficace chez la truite arc-en-ciel avec l'avantage de produire des individus possedant un spermiducte normal (Cousin-Gerber et al., 1989), s'est revelee peu masculinisante (29%) chez la truite commune, sans que soit evitee l'induction de spermiductes non fonctionnels (Chevassus et Krieg, 1992). Dans ces conditions le prelkvement du sperme des neomâles de truite commune necessite le sacrifice systematique des geniteurs sans que l'on connaisse l'etat de maturite des spermatozoides. Dans la pratique, cette contrainte entraine frequemment des mauvais taux de fecondation, plus particulierement au debut de la saison de reproduction, periode a laquelle le pourcentage de spermatozoides mobiles est en moyenne 10% contre 60% par la suite (Maisse, donnees non publiees).
CENTRIOLE REPLICATION

This paper describes the replication of centrioles during spermatogenesis in the Prosobranch snail, Viviparus malleatus Reeve. Sections for electron microscopy were cut from pieces of testis fixed in OsO4 and embedded in the polyester resin Vestopal W. Two kinds of spermatocytes are present. These give rise to typical uniflagellate sperm carrying the haploid number of 9 chromosomes, and atypical multiflagellate sperm with only one chromosome. Two centrioles are present in the youngest typical spermatocyte. Each is a hollow cylinder about 160 mµ in diameter and 330 mµ long. The wall consists of 9 sets of triplet fibers arranged in a characteristic pattern. Sometime before pachytene an immature centriole, or procentriole as it will be called, appears next to each of the mature centrioles. The procentriole resembles a mature centriole in most respects except length: it is more annular than tubular. The daughter procentriole lies with its axis perpendicular to that of its parent. It presumably grows to full size during the late prophase, although the maturation stages have not been observed with the electron microscope. It is suggested that centrioles possess a constant polarization. The distal end forms the flagellum or other centriole products, while the proximal end represents the procentriole and is concerned with replication. The four centrioles of prophase (two parents and two daughters) are distributed by the two meiotic divisions to the four typical spermatids, in which they function as the basal bodies of the flagella. Atypical spermatocytes at first contain two normal centrioles. Each of these becomes surrounded by a cluster of procentrioles, which progressively elongate during the late prophase. After two aberrant meiotic divisions the centriole clusters give rise to the basal bodies of the multiflagellate sperm. These facts are discussed in the light of the theory, first proposed by Pollister, that the supernumerary centrioles in the atypical cells are derived from the centromeres of degenerating chromosomes.
Radiation interception and growth of sugar beet at different sowing dates in Canterbury

Abstract Measurements of photosynthetically active ra~iation above and below the canopy, and leaf area mdex were used to determine a radiation extinction coefficient for sugar beet from 4 sowing date. This coefficient (0.613) was not affected by sowmg date. It was used to determine the relationship of total.crop dry weight, root dry weight, and root sugar Yield to intercepted radiation for these 4 so~ing dates and for similar sowing dates the prevIOUS season. The slopes of the regression lines were linear throughout the growing season, except for that of the total crop dry matter, which had a 2-stage linear regression in the second season. The efficiency of conversion of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation averaged 2.6 (total dry weight), 1.7 (root dry weight), and 1.3 g/MJ (sugar yield). There appeared to be little effect of sowing date in the first season. In the second season, the conversion efficiencies for root and sugar yields for the different sowing dates were related to the intensity .
Climate change and extension of the Ginkgo biloba L. growing season in Japan

To understand the effects of climate change on the growing season of plants in Japan, we conducted trend analysis of phenological phases and examined the relationship between phenology and air temperatures. We used phenological data for Ginkgo biloba L. , collected from 1953 to 2000. We defined the beginning and the end of the growing season (BGS and EGS) as the dates of budding and leaf fall, respectively. Changes in the air temperature in the 45 days before the date of BGS affected annual variation in BGS. The annual variation in air temperature over the 85 days before EGS affected the date of EGS. The average annual air temperature in Japan has increased by 1.3°C over the last four decades (1961–2000), and this increase has caused changes in ginkgo phenology. In the last five decades (1953–2000), BGS has occurred approximately 4 days earlier than previously, and EGS has occurred about 8 days later. Consequently, since 1953 the length of the growing season (LGS) has been extended by 12 days. Since around 1970, LGS and air temperatures have shown increasing trends. Although many researchers have stated that phenological events are not affected by the air temperature in the fall, we found high correlations not only between budding dates and air temperatures in spring but also between leaf‐fall dates and air temperatures in autumn. If the mean annual air temperature increases by 1°C, LGS could be extended by 10 days. We also examined the spatial distribution of the rate of LGS extension, but we did not find an obvious relationship between LGS extension and latitude.
Battery Energy Storage System for Aggregated Inertia-Droop Control and a Novel Frequency Dependent State-of-Charge Recovery

To deal with the technical challenges of renewable energy penetration, this paper focuses on improving the grid voltage and frequency responses in a hybrid renewable energy source integrated power system following load and generation contingency events. A consolidated methodology is proposed to employ a battery energy storage system (BESS) to contribute to voltage regulation through droop-type control and frequency regulation by assimilated inertia emulation (IE) and droop-type control. In addition, a novel frequency-dependent state-of-charge (SOC) recovery (FDSR) is presented to regulate BESS power consumption within the FDSR constraints and recharge the battery during idle periods whenever needed. The efficacy of the proposed BESS controller is demonstrated in an IEEE-9 bus system with a 22.5% photovoltaics (PV) and wind penetration level. The simulation results obtained manifest the satisfactory performance of the proposed controller in regulating simultaneous voltage and frequency in terms of lower rate of change of frequency and better frequency nadir. Furthermore, the proposed FDSR demonstrates its superiority at the time of SOC recovery compared to the conventional approach.
A Comparison of Methods for Assessment of Nutrient Deficiency of Phytoplankton in a Large Oligotrophic Lake

Short-term (h) and Song-term (d) changes in phytoplankton community physiology and bsomass in response to nutrient enrichment were used concomitantly as bioassays of phytoplankton nutrient deficiency in oligotrophic Flathead Lake, Montana, six times over the course of a year. Long-term bioassays consisted of nutrient amendments to epilimnetic water in 20 L containers which were subsequently monitored for algal growth. Short-term bioassays included measurement of NH4+ stimulation of dark carbon fixation, measurement of PO43− and NH4+ uptake over time to assess depletion of internal pools and stimulation effects of PO43− on NH4+ uptake and NH4+ on PO43− uptake. During thermal stratification, simultaneous additions of NH4+ and PO43− in long-term bioassays caused significant increases in chlorophyll a concentration, photosynthetic 14CO2 uptake, and particulate N concentration within 4.5 d; single additions of NH4+ or PO43− had little or no effect. During winter mixing there was little evidence for N or P defi.
Impact of a Gill Parasite Upon the Minnow Notropis telescopus

Abstract Dactylogyrus is a holarctic genus of monogene flatworms that infects the gills of cyprinid fishes. Dactylogyrus species are usually highly host specific, and little is known about their life history in North America. The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine 1) whether Dactylogyrus exhibits seasonality in its life cycle, and 2) if there is any potential effect upon reproductive effort of the host as a result of Dactylogyrus infection. Over a 12-month period, 967 Dactylogyrus were found on the gills of 383 Notropis telescopus (Telescope Shiner), a cyprinid fish collected in the upper Paint Rock River system in northeastern Alabama. A significant positive relationship was found between prevalence of infection and host somatic weight and gonadosomatic index (GSI). The assumptions that parasite presence is evenly distributed among individual host fish and within each month were rejected by chi square tests, with the months of March through July as a peak for the extent of Dactylogyrus infection. These months are the time of gonadal development and reproduction in Telescope Shiners.
Eficiência de pastejo de capim-marandu submetido a diferentes ofertas de forragem

The objective of this work was to evaluate grazing efficiency, herbage disappearance and spatial variability of the sward in Marandu palisadegrass pastures rotationally stocked by yearling Nelore heifers at four levels of herbage allowance, in Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. The experimental treatments were 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg dry matter per 100 kg live weight per day (%), in a randomised blocks design. Herbage disappearance rate increased with rising herbage allowance, and wide-ranging from 2.3 to 6.5 kg DM per 100 kg LW per day in 2003, and from 2.3 to 6.2 kg DM per 100 kg PV per day in 2004. Conversely, herbage disappearance per area differed among treatments only in 2004, and was highest at 20% of herbage allowance (44 kg ha -1 per day). Grazing efficiency decreased with rising herbage allowance, averaged 64% in 2003 and 55% in 2004 for 5% of herbage allowance. The increasing herbage allowance shows as consequence the increase herbage disappearance rate and an exponentially decrease of grazing efficiency.
Ni-Doped Titanium Dioxide Films Obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Refrigerated Electrolytes

Porous crystalline Ni-doped TiO2 films were produced using DC plasma electrolytic oxidation in refrigerated H2SO4 aqueous solutions containing NiSO4. The crystalline phase structure consisted of a mixture of anatase and rutile, ranging from ~30 to ~80 wt % rutile. The oxide films obtained at low NiSO4 concentration showed the highest photocurrent values under monochromatic irradiation in the UV-vis range, outperforming pure TiO2. By increasing NiSO4 concentration above a threshold value, the photoelectrochemical activity of the films decreased below that of undoped TiO2. Similar results were obtained using cyclic voltammetry upon polychromatic UV-vis irradiation. Glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) analysis evidenced a sulfur signal peaking at the TiO2/Ti interface. XPS spectra revealed that oxidized Ni2+, S4+ and S6+ ions were included in the oxide films. In agreement with photocurrent measurements, photoluminescence (PL) spectra confirmed that less intense PL emission, i.e., a lower electron-hole recombination rate, was observed for Ni-doped samples, though overdoping was detrimental.
Biotic homogenization at the community scale: disentangling the roles of urbanization and plant invasion

Urbanization as a major global trend profoundly changes biodiversity patterns, and homogenization of urban biota due to expanding exotic species and declining native species is of increasing concern. Previous studies on this topic have mostly taken place at large scales that include high habitat heterogeneity. Here, we aimed at disentangling the effects of urbanization and plant invasion on species composition through the analysis of similarity patterns of urban plant assemblages at the community scale where species interact.
Gene-associated markers can assign origin in a weakly structured fish, Atlantic herring

Regulations on the exploitation of populations of commercially important fish species and the ensuing consumer interest in sustainable products have increased the need to accurately identify the population of origin of fish and fish products. Although genomics-based tools have proven highly useful, there are relatively few examples in marine fish displaying accurate origin assignment. We synthesize data for 156 single-nucleotide polymorphisms typed in 1039 herring, Clupea harengus L. , spanning the Northeast Atlantic to develop a tool that allows assignment of individual herring to their regional origin. We show the method's suitability to address specific biological questions, as well as management applications. We analyse temporally replicated collections from two areas, the Skagerrak (n = 81, 84, 66) and the western Baltic (n = 52, 52). Both areas harbour heavily fished mixed-origin stocks, complicating management issues. We report novel genetic evidence that herring from the Baltic Sea contribute to catches in the North Sea, and find support that western Baltic feeding aggregations mainly constitute herring from the western Baltic with contributions from the Eastern Baltic. Our study describes a general approach and outlines a database allowing individual assignment and traceability of herring across a large part of its East Atlantic distribution.
Within‐generation variation of critical thermal limits in adult Mediterranean and Natal fruit flies Ceratitis capitata and Ceratitis rosa: thermal history affects short‐term responses to temperature

Insect thermal tolerance shows a range of responses to thermal history depending on the duration and severity of exposure. However, few studies have investigated these effects under relatively modest temperature variation or the interactions between short‐ and longer‐term exposures. In the present study, using a full‐factorial design, 1 week‐long acclimation responses of critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) to temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 °C are investigated, as well as their interactions with short‐term (2 h) sub‐lethal temperature exposures to these same conditions (20, 25 and 30 °C), in two fruit fly species Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis rosa Karsch from South Africa. Flies generally improve heat tolerance with high temperature acclimation and resist low temperatures better after acclimation to cooler conditions. However, in several cases, significant interaction effects are evident for CTmax and CTmin between short‐ and long‐term temperature treatments. Furthermore, to better comprehend the flies' responses to natural microclimate conditions, the effects of variation in heating and cooling rates on CTmax and CTmin are explored. Slower heating rates result in higher CTmax, whereas slower cooling rates elicit lower CTmin, although more variation is detected in CTmin than in CTmax (approximately 1.2 versus 0.5 °C). Critical thermal limits estimated under conditions that most closely approximate natural diurnal temperature fluctuations (rate: 0.06 °C min−1) indicate a CTmax of approximately 42 °C and a CTmin of approximately 6 °C for these species in the wild, although some variation between these species has been found previously in CTmax. In conclusion, the results suggest critical thermal limits of adult fruit flies are moderated by temperature variation at both short and long time scales and may comprise both reversible and irreversible components.
Taking control over our health: Empowerment as perceived by young adults living with advanced cancer.

Background Health-related empowerment is a key concept in person-centred care. However, little is known of its core elements in young adults diagnosed with advanced cancer. Objective To explore empowerment in the context of young adults' healthcare experiences who are now in advanced stages of cancer. Setting & Participants Twelve young adults (aged 21 to 39 years) were recruited from a large cancer centre in Montreal, Quebec. Methods In-depth interviews lasting between 36 and 90 minutes were conducted individually, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Throughout the cancer trajectory, participants reported a sustained desire to be actively involved in their treatment and care. Four themes emerged from the data representing processes of waiting, managing, acting, and revisiting. Subsumed under these were notions of body ownership, facing obstacles to care, optimizing health, and (re)considering their legacy. Conclusions Overall, participants wanted to remain in control of their situation despite the multiple challenges related to advanced cancer. If corroborated further, these findings should inform supportive cancer care approaches that are truly tailored to the needs of young adults.