Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrological summary for the United Kingdom: February 2015

F eb ru a ry 2 0 1 5 General Considered at the national scale, weather conditions in February (although exceptionally sunny) were typical of the late winter but the spatial and temporal variations in rainfall amounts were substantial – reflecting the preferred paths taken by the rain-bearing frontal systems. Generally river flows continued their late January recessions during early February with frozen catchments contributing to relatively depressed flow rates. A recovery thereafter saw widespread moderate spate conditions but an absence of extreme flow rates, and the number of fluvial flood alerts was modest for the time of year. Runoff from Great Britain was appreciably below the February mean but, for the winter as a whole, the average was exceeded by around 10%. This is generally reflected in reservoir stocks which were usefully boosted by healthy replenishment over the latter half of February. Having remained close to or above (often notably so) the monthly average since spring 2012, overall reservoir stocks for England & Wales were moderately above average entering March; the great majority of impoundments were within 10% of capacity (a not unusual circumstance entering the spring). With soils at, or close to, saturation over the latter half of the month, some aquifer recharge occurred and groundwater levels in most index boreholes are well within the normal range, with a majority above the late-winter average. With soils remaining wet and an unsettled start to March, the water resources outlook remains healthy.
Insulinotropic Agents from Medicinal Plants

Insulinotropic Agents from Medicinal Plants Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity or both. Enhancement of insulin levels and insulin sensitivity is the primary target in the treatment of diabetes. Current treatment options, such as dietary modifications, oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin have limitations of their own. In view of this, several medicinal plants have been studied for anti-diabetic activity using various in vitro and in vivo methods. Therefore, researchers have been focusing research to find an effective and safe antihyperglycemic drug for clinical use from natural sources. The present review emphasizes on phytochemicals and medicinal plant extracts with insulinotropic activity to reduce hyperglycemia. This review also categorized phytochemicals and plant extracts based on their mode of action like insulin secretagogues, insulin mimetics and both.
Nursing Practice Today

Available online at: http://npt.tums. ac.ir Background & Aim: Clinical outcomes and mortality rate of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) strongly depend on the time of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). One way to reduce the delay in this treatment is to use telecardiology in the prehospital setting. The purpose of this study was for comparison of telecardiology on the first medical contact to balloon time and outcome (size of infarct area, left ventricular ejection fraction, and major adverse cardiac events) of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) transported by Tehran Emergency Medical Services to selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Methods & Materials: The present retrospective, comparative study was conducted in 2018 in Tehran city on the medical records of 300 patients with STEMI transported with and without telecardiology (150 records per group). Data for this study included demographic characteristics; how to transport the patients to medical centers, first medical contact to balloon time (FMCTB), and clinical outcomes. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test by SPSS software, Version 20. Results: First medical contact to balloon (FMCTB) time, infarction size based on creatine kinase, the patient mortality rate in one month, and repeated PCI in the group transported with telecardiology was significantly lower than that of the group transported without telecardiology (P<0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the first 24 hours, infarction size based on troponin I level, the rate of readmission due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the rate of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were not statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of telecardiology could reduce the delay in performing PCI and improve some of the clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI. These results can be used to improve the quality of care for patients with STEMI by prehospital emergency personnel, physicians and nurses involved in the care of these patients.
Examination of Sexual Quality of Life and Dyadic Adjustment among Women with Mastectomy.

Objective To investigate the effect of mastectomy on sexual quality of life and dyadic adjustment among women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods This study was carried out in an analytical and retrospective way by comparing women with mastectomy and the control group who had similarities to this group and did not have breast cancer. The study included 88 women who underwent mastectomy surgery at least 1 year and at most 5 years ago and 88 women who did not undergo mastectomy with matching ages and levels of education. The data were collected using the "Individual Characteristics Form", "Sexual Quality of Life-Female", and the "Dyadic Adjustment Scale" for women with and without mastectomy. Results In both groups sexual quality of life and dyadic adjustment were positively correlated. Sexual quality of life and dyadic adjustment of women with mastectomy were significantly lower compared to the control group. It was found that sexual quality of life improved as the education level of women with mastectomy increased. Also, sexual quality of life and dyadic adjustment were significantly higher in women with mastectomy whose income was equal to or greater than their expenditures compared to those with income lower than expenditures. Conclusion Sexual quality of life and dyadic adjustment of women with mastectomy are low than women without mastectomy. Nurses should to assess the risk of low dyadic adjustment and sexual quality of life, educate and consultant women on how they can maintain healthy sexual relationships and dyadic adjustment with their spouse after mastectomy.
Blood transfusion rates and predictors following geriatric hip fracture surgery

Background: Postoperative blood product transfusions in elderly hip fracture patients cause concern for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors and short-term sequelae of postoperative transfusion following geriatric hip fracture surgery. Methods: We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) to identify geriatric (⩾65 years) patients who sustained operative femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric hip fractures in 2016. Multivariate regression was used to determine risk-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of associated perioperative risk factors and sequelae of postoperative transfusion. Results: In total, 8416 geriatric hip fracture patients were identified of whom 28.3% had documented postoperative transfusion. In multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.03 [1.02–1.04], p < 0.001), preoperative anaemia (OR 4.69 [3.99–5.52], p = 0.001), female sex (OR 1.61 [1.39–1.87], p < 0.001), lower BMI (OR 0.97 [0.96–0.98], p < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (OR 1.14 [1.01–1.27], p = 0.031), COPD (OR 1.30 [1.06–1.59], p = 0.011), hypertension (OR 1.17 [1.01–1.35], p = 0.038), increased OR time (OR 1.02 [1.01–1.03], p < 0.001), and intertrochanteric (OR 2.99 [2.57–3.49], p < 0.001) and subtrochanteric femur fractures (OR 5.07 [3.84–6.69], p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for receiving postoperative blood transfusion. Patients with postoperative transfusion had a significantly higher risk-adjusted 30-day mortality (8.4% vs. 6.4%, OR 1.29 [1.02–1.64], p = 0.035), hospital readmission rate (9.4% vs. 7.7%, OR 1.27 [1.04–1.55], p = 0.018), and total hospital LOS (7.3 vs. 6.3 days, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Postoperative transfusion is a common occurrence in geriatric fragility hip fractures with multiple risk factors. Careful preoperative planning and multidisciplinary management efforts are warranted to reduce use of postoperative transfusions.
Sex differences in brain oscillatory activity during sleep and wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea

Epidemiological studies consistently show a male predominance in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Hormonal differences, breathing control, upper airway anatomy and fat distribution have been proposed as causes of gender differences in OSA. Clinical manifestations are accentuated in men, although white matter structural integrity is affected in women. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have explored gender differences in the electrical brain activity features of OSA. Polysomnography was performed on 43 patients with untreated OSA (21 women, 22 men), and power spectral density (1–50 Hz) was compared between groups across sleep and wakefulness at two levels of OSA severity. Severe versus moderate OSA showed decreased power for fast frequencies (25–29 Hz) during wakefulness. OSA men displayed decreased power of a large frequency range (sigma, beta and gamma) during sleep compared with women. Comparisons of men with severe versus moderate OSA presented significantly decreased sigma power during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but significantly increased delta activity during REM sleep. Meanwhile, women with severe versus moderate OSA showed no significant power differences in any condition. These findings indicated a different evolution of brain oscillations between OSA men and women with significant impairment of brain activity related to cognitive processes. Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential effects of sleep disorders on men and women in order to develop more precise diagnostic criteria according to gender, including quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis tools.
Newcomers and Old Timers: An Erroneous Assumption in Mental Health Services Research

Based on the premise that treatment changes people in ways that are consequential for subsequent treatment-seeking, we question the validity of an unrecognized and apparently inadvertent assumption in mental health services research conducted within a psychiatric epidemiology paradigm. This homogeneity assumption statistically constrains the effects of potential determinants of recent treatment to be identical for former patients and previously untreated persons by omitting treatment history or modeling only main effects. We test this assumption with data from the 2001–2003 Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys; the weighted pooled sample is representative of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults (18+; analytic n = 19,227). Contrary to the homogeneity assumption, some associations with recent treatment are conditional on past treatment, including psychiatric disorder and race-ethnicity—measures of need and treatment disparities, respectively. We conclude that the widespread application of the homogeneity assumption probably masks differences in the determinants of recent use between previously untreated persons and former patients.
Dome-shaped macula in children and adolescents

Purpose We sought to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of dome-shaped macula (DSM) in children and adolescents with myopia. Methods A retrospective review of medical records was performed to identify subjects who were younger than 19 years with myopia of −3.0 diopters or greater. The results of optical coherence tomography images were analyzed to identify DSM. The height and diameter of the dome were measured. Age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and refractive error of study participants who exhibited DSM were compared with those of patients who did not. Results Among the 1,042 eyes of 615 patients, eight eyes (0.77%) of seven patients had DSM. Six of these eight eyes were not highly myopic (i.e., less than −6.0 diopters of spherical equivalents). Additionally, the mean height and diameter of the identified domes were 146.50 ± 42.33 μm and 4779.75 ± 699.38 μm, respectively. Patients with DSM were significantly older (mean age: 15.88 ± 2.36 years) than patients without it (11.51 ± 4.60 years; p = 0.007). The youngest affected patient was 11 years old. There was no significant difference in refractive errors (p = 0.629) or BCVA (p = 0.314) between the two groups. Conclusions Although the incidence in this study was very low, DSM was found even in children and adolescents. In addition, 75% of affected individuals were not highly myopic. These results suggest that inherent traits may be involved in development of DSM.
Prevention of Enamel Softening by Rinsing with a Calcium Solution before Dental Erosion

Objectives: This in situ study aimed to evaluate whether rinsing with a calcium-containing solution prior to an erosive attack reduces the softening of enamel. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 bovine enamel samples with determined baseline surface microhardness (KHN) were allocated to 5 runs in which each of the 12 volunteers performed the following experiment: 4 enamel samples were inserted in a custom-made intraoral appliance and carried in the mouth (upper jaw) for 30 min before each volunteer either rinsed his mouth for 60 s with a fluoride- and stannous ion-containing dental erosion protection mouth rinse as positive control (run 1), milk (run 2), a solution prepared from a 500-mg calcium effervescent tablet dissolved in 100 mL (run 3) or 200 mL (run 4) water, or did not perform any rinsing with a test solution before the erosive attack (run 5, negative control). To simulate the erosive attack, volunteers rinsed their mouth with a commercial soft drink (Sprite Zero) for 60 s and afterwards with water to stop the erosive process. Finally, surface microhardness was measured again and hardness loss (ΔKHN) calculated. A mixed effect model was fitted to the data set to investigate whether the different runs showed differences with respect to ΔKHN. Results: No significant difference in softening of enamel (mean of ΔKHN; lower confidence level/upper confidence level) was observed between the negative control run 5 (50.7; 60.8/40.6), run 2 (50.7; 60.8/40.6), run 3 (38.7; 48.8/28.6) and run 4 (40.7; 50.8/30.6) (p > 0.05, respectively). Enamel softening in the positive control run 1 (25.4; 35.6/15.3) was significantly lower compared to the softening in run 5 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between run 1 and run 3 (p = 0.09). Conclusion: Other than the fluoride- and stannous ion-containing dental erosion protection mouth rinse, none of the investigated calcium-containing solutions is able to significantly reduce erosion-induced softening of enamel.
In vitro contractile responses of human detrusor smooth muscle to oxytocin: does it really have effect?

Abstract Background and objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the contractile effects of oxytocin (OT) in human detrusor muscle in in vitro conditions. Material and Methods Human detrusor muscle samples were obtained from seven patients that undergone radical cystectomy. Four female Wistar rats’ uterine samples were used as control. Contractile responses were tested of carbachol in organ bath. Cumulative concentration response curves were constructed to OT and then the strips were incubated with atosiban (OT antagonist) and a second concentration response curve to OT were constructed. Results Carbachol, contracted all human strips for the functionality test whereas OT in any concentrations did not produce significant contraction on all human strips. In only one bladder strip and in a very high concentration slight contraction was recorded. Moreover no contractile response was recorded in any OT concentrations in the presence of atosiban. The rat uterine strips responded to OT in a dose dependent manner. Atosiban, the OT receptor antagonist diminished totally those contractile responses. Conclusion It is been demonstrated here that there is no contractile response to OT in human detrusor muscle. These findings should be supported by further investigations determining the presence of the OT receptor in human detrusor.
Estimation of additive and non-additive genetic effects for fertility and reproduction traits in North American Holstein cattle using genomic information.

Non-additive genetic effects are usually ignored in animal breeding programs due to data structure (e.g., incomplete pedigree), computational limitations and over-parameterization of the models. However, non-additive genetic effects may play an important role in the expression of complex traits in livestock species, such as fertility and reproduction traits. In this study, components of genetic variance for additive and non-additive genetic effects were estimated for a variety of fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle using pedigree and genomic relationship matrices. Four linear models were used: (a) an additive genetic model; (b) a model including both additive and epistatic (additive by additive) genetic effects; (c) a model including both additive and dominance effects; and (d) a full model including additive, epistatic and dominance genetic effects. Nine fertility and reproduction traits were analysed, and models were run separately for heifers (N = 5,825) and cows (N = 6,090). For some traits, a larger proportion of phenotypic variance was explained by non-additive genetic effects compared with additive effects, indicating that epistasis, dominance or a combination thereof is of great importance. Epistatic genetic effects contributed more to the total phenotypic variance than dominance genetic effects. Although these models varied considerably in the partitioning of the components of genetic variance, the models including a non-additive genetic effect did not show a clear advantage over the additive model based on the Akaike information criterion. The partitioning of variance components resulted in a re-ranking of cows based solely on the cows' additive genetic effects between models, indicating that adjusting for non-additive genetic effects could affect selection decisions made in dairy cattle breeding programs. These results suggest that non-additive genetic effects play an important role in some fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle.
Translocator protein–mediated fast-onset antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects in chronically stressed mice

Background: Fast-acting and cognitive-enhancing antidepressants are desperately needed. Activation of translocator protein (18 kDa, TSPO) is a novel strategy for developing potential antidepressants, but there are no data available on the onset time of TSPO ligands. This study aimed to investigate the fast-onset antidepressant actions of AC-5216, a selective TSPO ligand, in TSPO knock-out (KO) mice. Methods: TSPO wild-type (WT) and KO mice were subjected to a six-week chronic unpredicted stress (CUS) paradigm. Then, the mice were treated with AC-5216 and tested with depressive and cognitive behaviours. Results: A single dose of AC-5216 (0.3 mg/kg) exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like actions in TSPO WT mice. Moreover, in chronically stressed WT mice, two to four days of AC-5216 treatment (0.3 mg/kg, once per day) produced fast-onset antidepressant-like effects in the novelty-suppressed feeding and sucrose preference tests, as well as memory-enhancing effects in the novel object recognition test. In addition, a rapid (with five days of treatment) restoration of serum corticosterone levels and prefrontal cortex (PFC) allopregnanolone levels was found. Further studies showed that in these stress-exposed WT mice, AC-5216 significantly increased the levels of mTOR signalling-related proteins (mBDNF, p-mTOR, PSD-95, synapsin-1, GluR1), as well as the total dendritic length and branching points of pyramidal neurons in the PFC. Conclusions: These results suggest that TSPO mediates the fast-onset antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects of AC-5216, possibly through the rapid activation of mTOR signalling and restoration of dendritic complexity in the PFC.
Association Between the Implementation of Hospital-Based Palliative Care and Use of Intensive Care During Terminal Hospitalizations

Key Points Question Is implementation of palliative care services associated with a decrease in the use of intensive care at the end of life for hospitalized patients? Findings In this cohort study, implementation of palliative care at a hospital was associated with a 10% reduction in intensive care unit use for 73 370 patients who died during their hospitalization. Meaning Implementation of hospital-based palliative care services may be associated with decreased treatment intensity at the end of life for hospitalized patients.
Presentation and Characteristics of Abdominal Pain Vary by Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtype: Results of a Nationwide Population-Based Study.

INTRODUCTION Abdominal pain is a cardinal feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, differences in abdominal pain among IBS subtypes remain unknown. We aimed to characterize abdominal pain symptoms among established IBS subtypes using data from the National Gastrointestinal (GI) Survey. METHODS Individuals participating in the National GI Survey completed National Institutes of Health GI Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (GI-PROMIS) questionnaires. Adults meeting modified Rome III IBS criteria and reporting abdominal pain in the previous 7 days were eligible. Outcomes included abdominal pain severity, bothersomeness, interference with daily activities, frequency, and location. Results were stratified by subtype (diarrhea [IBS-D], constipation [IBS-C], and mixed [IBS-M]). Regression models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS One thousand one hundred fifty-eight individuals (245 IBS-D, 232 IBS-C, and 681 IBS-M) with active IBS symptoms (defined as abdominal pain in the past 7 days) were included. Demographics were similar among the subtypes except for age, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. The GI-PROMIS score was lower for IBS-D (percentile score of 68.6, SD = 25.1; P = 0.001) and IBS-M (69.1, SD = 25.1; P < 0.001) compared with IBS-C (75.5, SD = 20.7). Abdominal pain was more bothersome (P = 0.001), caused more interference with daily activities (P = 0.03), and was more frequent (P = 0.047) for individuals with IBS-C compared with individuals with IBS-D. No differences in these domains were seen between individuals with IBS-D and IBS-M. Individuals with IBS-C and IBS-M had more widespread pain compared with those with IBS-D. DISCUSSION In this population-based study, we found that abdominal pain characteristics differ between the IBS subtypes. Namely, individuals with IBS-C experience more bothersome, frequent, and diffuse abdominal pain compared with those with IBS-D.
Language and the Symptoms of Mental Illness Connection via Abstract Representations of the Self and the World

Abstract The aim of the present study is to provide additional knowledge about the mediatory processes through which language contributes to the symptoms of mental illness. Although recent studies have provided insight about the relationship between language and the indicators of mental illness, the role of intervening variables in this connection has been ignored. The present investigation tested a structural equation model in which the need for the absolute truth about self and worry mediated the relationship of the gap between inner psychological experience and language with anxiety and depression. The results have provided support for the model and showed that the gap predicts both the need for absolute truth and worry which, in turn, predict the levels of anxiety and depression. The results have been discussed in the light of previous research, and implications for future research have also been considered.