Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A GA-Based BP Artificial Neural Network for Estimating Monthly Surface Air Temperature of the Antarctic during 1960–2019

The spatial sparsity and temporal discontinuity of station-based SAT data do not allow to fully understand Antarctic surface air temperature (SAT) variations over the last decades. Generating spatiotemporally continuous SAT fields using spatial interpolation represents an approach to address this problem. This study proposed a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) to estimate the monthly SAT fields of the Antarctic continent for the period 1960–2019. Cross-validations demonstrate that the interpolation accuracy of GA-BPANN is higher than that of two benchmark methods, i.e., BPANN and multiple linear regression (MLR). The errors of the three interpolation methods feature month-dependent variations and tend to be lower (larger) in warm (cold) months. Moreover, the annual SAT had a significant cooling trend during 1960–1989 (trend = −0.07°C/year; ) and a significant warming trend during 1990–2019 (trend = 0.06°C/year; ). The monthly SAT did not show consistent cooling or warming trends in all months, e.g., SAT did not show a significant cooling trend in January and December during 1960–1989 and a significant warming trend in January, June, July, and December during 1990–2019. Furthermore, the Antarctic SAT decreases with latitude and the distance away from the coastline, but the eastern Antarctic is overall colder than the western Antarctic. Spatiotemporal inconsistencies on SAT trends are apparent over the Antarctic continent, e.g., most of the Antarctic continent showed a cooling trend during 1960–1989 (trend = −0.20∼0°C/year; ) with a peak over the central part of the eastern Antarctic continent, while the entire Antarctic continent showed a warming trend during 1990–2019 (trend = 0∼0.10°C/year; ) with a peak over the higher latitudes.
Nutrient Uptake Studies under Varying Drip Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation Levels in Rabi Cauliflower in Telangana State

A field study was conducted with different drip irrigation regimes and NK fertigation levels on cauliflower at Hyderabad, Telangana during rabi 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three drip irrigation regimes viz., 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 Epan as main plots and three drip NK fertigation levels of control (N0K0), 50 % recommended dose of NK (N40 K50) and 100 % recommended dose of NK (N80 K100) as sub plots altogether nine treatments and replicated thrice. Drip irrigation scheduled at 1.0 Epan recorded significantly higher curd yield (18.7 t ha-1) than 0.8 Epan (17.1 t ha-1) and 0.6 Epan (15.0 t ha-1). NPK and S uptake were significantly higher in irrigation scheduled at 1.0 Epan than 0.8 and 0.6 Epan during all stages except at 30 DAT and harvest where S uptake was found to be non significant among different irrigation levels. Drip fertigation at 100 % recommended dose of NK recorded significantly higher curd yield (23.8 t ha-1) than 50 % recommended dose of NK (19.7 t ha-1) and N0K0 (7.2 t ha-1). Drip NK fertigation levels significantly increased the NPK and S uptake with each increment in NK fertigation level from N0K0 to 100 % recommended dose of NK at all stages.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Temperature in the Punjab Province, Pakistan

Identifying the temperature change at a regional level is one of the essential parameters to determine the intensity of climate change. The current investigation provides an examination of changing trends of temperature in the Punjab province from 1970 to 2019. Sen's slope estimator method is applied to monthly data of mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) to calculate the rate of temperature change. Statistical methods were used to find out the level of significance in terms of negative or positive trends to examine the variability among various weather observatories. Moreover, predicted values have also been observed for a detailed analysis of temperature variability and trends. Significant and pronounced changes in the mean temperature (T mean) are distinguished all over the Punjab regions with an increasing trend from North to South Punjab. In the case of maximum temperature (Tmax), a faster rate of rising in temperature is observed over the Southern and Western regions of Punjab. In contrast, the minimum temperature (Tmin) shows an increasing trend in Central Punjab. The findings provide detailed insight to policymakers for the planning of mitigating efforts and adaptation strategies in response to climate change.
Exploring the influence of digital entrepreneurship on SME digitalization and management

ABSTRACT Guided by Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study aims to examine the influence of digital entrepreneurship on the digitalization and management of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), as well as contributing to developing this topic which is so far little developed in the scientific world. To this end, data were collected from 71 questionnaires obtained from a sample of SME managers in an inland region of Portugal. This quantitative study resulted in combining the advantages of digital entrepreneurship in 3 factors: efficiency, customer relations and collaborator behaviour. The research hypotheses, proposing that digital entrepreneurship has a positive influence on SME digitalization and management, were supported, i.e. the results show that customer relations and collaborator behaviour are of crucial importance in SME digitalization and management, particularly in those implementing digital entrepreneurship. This study contributes to showing the importance of digital entrepreneurship in SME management and its importance for the future success of this type of firm.
Nutrient Removal in Sequential Batch Polishing Ponds

One of the main problems of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) is that they cannot remove nutrients when treating wastewater. Polishing ponds (PP) can efficiently remove nitrogen and phosphorus from effluents after efficient anaerobic pretreatment. It shown that the feasibility of nutrient removal is directly related to the pH that is established in the ponds. WSP normally operate at near neutral pH, but the biological processes that develop in PP tend to cause an elevation of pH and this, in turn, triggers the mechanisms of nutrient removal in ponds. In PP oxygen production by photosynthesis predominates over the oxidation of organic material. The net oxygen production has an equivalent CO2 consumption and this induces an increase in pH. The mechanism for nitrogen removal was identified as the desorption of ammonia from the liquid phase of the ponds. It was established that in ponds with a uniform concentration profile in the liquid phase the process developed in accordance with Fick’s law. The governing mechanism of phosphorus removal was precipitation with ions present in the wastewater, presumably calcium and magnesium. Polishing ponds can be operated with two different hydrodynamic regimes: flow-through (FTPP) and sequential batch (SBPP) ponds. The SBPP have the advantage that the pH elevation is more rapid, and that the final pH is higher.
Interaction of contact herbicides and timing of dicamba exposure on soybean

Abstract Dicamba residues in sprayers are difficult to remove and may interact with subsequent herbicides, including contact herbicides labeled for use in soybean. Without proper tank cleanout, applicators treating dicamba-resistant and non–dicamba resistant crops are at risk of contaminating the spray solution with dicamba residue from previous applications. Experiments were conducted in Fayetteville, AR, in 2018 and 2019, with the first experiment evaluating consequences of dicamba tank contamination with contact herbicides and the second experiment addressing the impact of dicamba exposure on a glufosinate-resistant soybean cultivar relative to a contact herbicide application. Experiments for tank contamination and timing of dicamba exposure were designed as a three-factor and a two-factor randomized complete block with four replications, respectively, considering site-year as a fixed effect in each experiment. Dicamba at 0, 0.056, 0.56, and 5.6 g ae ha–1 was applied alone, with glufosinate, with acifluorfen, or with glufosinate plus acifluorfen to V3 soybean. Dicamba applied in combination with contact herbicides exacerbated visible auxin symptomology over dicamba alone at 21 and 28 d after treatment (DAT), while dicamba at 5.6 g ae ha–1 reduced soybean height. Injury and height reductions caused by dicamba mixtures with contact herbicides did not reduce grain yield. In the second experiment, dicamba was applied at 2.8 g ae ha–1 at VC, V1, V2, and V3 and at 3, 7, and 10 d after a glufosinate application to V3 soybean (DATV3). Greater soybean injury was observed when dicamba exposure followed a glufosinate application than when dicamba preceded glufosinate or was applied in a mixture with glufosinate, with yield reductions resulting from 7 and 10 DATV3 dicamba applications. Dicamba exposure in the presence of contact herbicides resulted in increased auxin symptomology and can be intensified if soybean are exposed to dicamba following a contact herbicide application. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; dicamba; glufosinate; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Evaluating irrigation scheme performance in a tropical environment: The Guanacaste scheme, Costa Rica *

Irrigation is expanding in the tropics and could make an important contribution to the intensification of production in those tropical areas where a dry season limits productivity. A study was carried out to characterize irrigation performance and the yield gaps of a tropical irrigation scheme that covers more than 41 000 ha in northern Costa Rica. The study covered a 5‐year period, from 2014 to 2018. The performance indicator relative irrigation supply (RIS) ranged between 2.48 and 3.78, values higher than those typically observed in schemes of temperate areas, but in the low range of those documented in the tropics. Despite the excess of water usage, it was found that there were farms with water shortages, especially in the canal tails during the dry season, but there was also damage caused by excess of water in the rainy season. The potential yield of the two main crops (rice and sugar cane) was determined with the AquaCrop simulation model. Actual yields were determined via a farmers' survey that also inquired about irrigation management issues. Yield gaps were determined for each of the two sectors that make up the irrigation scheme (South and West canals). The mean yield gap of rice in the South Canal sector (3.34 t ha−1) was smaller than that of the West Canal sector (4.84 t ha−1). The highest yield gap of rice occurred in the rainy season in the West canal sector. The yield gap of sugar cane in the West canal sector was significantly larger than that in the South canal sector (170 and 148 t ha−1, respectively). A farmers' survey, combined with an examination of soil maps, revealed that poor drainage through the heavy soils that predominate in the West canal sector is one of the main causes of the large yield gap, in both rice and sugar cane. While users are relatively satisfied with the provision of irrigation water and its cost, several opportunities (e.g. water delivery, amount of fertilizer in sugar cane, water supply and irrigation system on farms) for improving scheme performance and for closing the yield gaps are discussed.
Coderivations, abelian extensions and cohomology of Lie coalgebras

Abstract For any Lie coalgebra with a Lie comodule, a cohomology is constructed by using a subcomplex of the Chevalley–Eilenberg cochain complex of the dual Lie algebra. It is shown that the first (resp. the second) order cohomology group is the space of outer coderivations (resp. the space of equivalent classes of abelian extensions of the Lie coalgebra by its comodule).
Traffic Prediction System Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Traffic congestion is defined as the state on transport which is characterized by slower speeds of vehicles this is also because of the bad condition of the roads, weather, concern zone, temperature, etc. This traffic flow prediction is mainly based on the real-time dataset which is collected with the help of various cameras and sensors. In recent day the deep learning concepts has dragged the attention for the detection of traffic flow predictions. In this paper, some of the common and familiar machine learning concepts like Deep Autoencoder (DAN), Deep Belief Network (DBN), and Random Forest (RF) are applied on the online dataset for the traffic flow predictions. The important attributes of weather, temperature, zone name, and day are used to predict the traffic flow of the particular zone. The performance of the proposed system can be evaluated by using accuracy, precision, and RMSE, and MSE value. Among the three methods, the DT technique produces a better result.
Attenuation of vanillic acid toxicity by foliar application with indole-3-acetic acid in tomato seedlings

ABSTRACT The allelopathic compound vanillic acid (VA), a phenol present in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), behaves as a potent autotoxin and hampers growth processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) regulates growth and metabolism of plants under various environmental extremes. The work was undertaken to determine alleviating effects of IAA (1 mM) on biochemical and physiological responses of tomato plants exposed to VA toxicity (0.5 or 1 mM). Plants were grown under glasshouse conditions, treated with VA by root exposure and IAA through foliar application. The VA restrained plant growth at both doses by reducing pigment content, relative water content, protein content, nitrate reductase activity and anthocyanin content. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, proline content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity were measured in stressed plants. Foliar application of IAA in plants treated with VA alleviated biophysical and biochemical parameters to promote restoration. The foliar IAA application could protect plant cellular mechanisms against endogenous autotoxins in plants grown in fields under monocropping. The IAA may protect plants exposed to VA toxicity by accelerating defense mechanisms.
Rights in education: outlines for a decolonial, childist reimagination of the future – commentary to Ansell and colleagues

In this piece, we reflect upon a recent article published in Fennia by Ansell and colleagues. We identify and discuss aspects of learning that educational research, policies and institutions can consider, addressing the needs and subjectivities of learners and activating a politics around rights in education. Rights in education foreground the intrinsic value of learning,inviting us to realign the purpose of education with the overall purpose of life on this planet. It pursues a ‘bottom-up’ strategy for rethinking education as community formation to incorporate complex sources of knowledge and modes of knowing and becoming for children. In order to think about rights in education, we uphold an analytical distinction between schooling and education. The distinction enables us to raise some questions, reflect on them and suggest preliminary ideas for decolonial, childist strategies to envisage education, highlighting how education and the ‘future’ areintimately woven and exploring what they mean for each other and for childhood. We do so particularly by critiquing ‘western schooling’ as a mode of learning which is a conspirator of capitalism deeply rooted in philosophical racism and contributing to a global epistemological loss. Finally, we outline four strategies of moving forward with a decolonial,childist lens of reimagining education as community formation and welcome further discussions on rights in education.
No difference without item comparison! The effect of parallel item presentation on the self-efficacy of out-of-field physical education (PE) student teachers and qualified PE student teachers

Abstract Teacher’s self-efficacy is a relevant judgement of self-belief by teachers. Studies reveal inverse response bias of teachers’ self-assessment. Parallel item presentation can be used as a method to reduce such distortions. The major goal of this study was to develop and verify such a measure of parallel item presentation in order to compare self-efficacy of qualified and out-of-field PE teachers. Therefore out-of-field and qualified PE student teachers (N = 68) were randomised into two groups. They responded to 14 self-efficacy items related to classroom subjects and PE teaching. One group of out-of-field (n = 17) and qualified (n = 18) PE student teachers was presented with the items in parallel so that they could compare classroom and PE teaching items. For the other group of out-of-field (n = 11) and qualified (n = 22) PE student teachers, the items were presented sequentially so that no direct comparison was possible. Data was analysed using nested ANOVA. The results reveal that with a dimensional item comparison, out-of-field PE teachers have a significantly lower self-efficacy in PE than qualified PE student teachers (p = .006, ηp 2 = .18). Without comparison, there is no significant difference. The method of parallel item representation can thus contribute to the reduction of inverse response bias.
Fine Roots Dynamics in Two Forest Strata of a Semi-Deciduous Forest in Northern Republic of Congo

The belowground biomass is represented by coarse and fine roots. Concentrated in the superficial horizons of the soil, the fine roots play a crucial role in the functioning of a forest ecosystem. However, studies on their dynamics in natural forests are almost non-existent in the Republic of Congo. Here, we estimated the biomass, production, turnover and fine root lifespan of two forest strata of a semi-deciduous forest: the Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild.) J. Leonard forest (GF) and the mixed forest (MF) of land. The ingrowth cores method was used to estimate the biomass, production, turnover and lifespan of fine roots. The results of this study revealed that the biomass, production and fine root turnover of the two forest strata studied significantly decreased with increasing soil depth, with an increase in lifespan. The annual fine root biomass of GF (2284.50 ± 37.62 and 1034.61 ± 14.52 ) was slightly lower than that of MF (2430.07 ± 40.68 and 1043.10 ± 11.75 ) in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm horizons, respectively. The annual production of fine roots from these latter horizons was respectively 1300.19 ± 32.17 and 539.18 ± 11.55 in GF and 1362.24 ± 39.59 and 492.95 ± 14.38 in the MF. Root turnover was higher in the GF (1.68 ± 0.05 and 1.35 ± 0.03 ) than in the MF (1.57 ± 0.05 and 1.13 ± 0.02 ). The lifespan of fine roots increased with the depth of the soil. The difference in fine root dynamics observed between the forest strata studied was influenced by the Evenness index and the above-ground biomass.
Immune characterization of a Colombian family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract Introduction: Immunological markers have been described during COVID-19 and persist after recovery. These immune markers are associated with clinical features among SARS- CoV-2 infected individuals. Nevertheless, studies reporting a comprehensive analysis of the immune changes occurring during SARS-CoV-2 infection are still limited. Objective: To evaluate the production of proinflammatory cytokines, the antibody response, and the phenotype and function of NK cells and T cells in a Colombian family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods: Proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. The frequency, phenotype, and function of NK cells (cocultures with K562 cells) and T-cells (stimulated with spike/RdRp peptides) were assessed by flow cytometry. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined using indirect immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralization assay. Results: During COVID-19, we observed a high proinflammatory-cytokine production and a reduced CD56bright-NK cell and cytotoxic response. Compared with healthy controls, infected individuals had a higher frequency of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells CD38+HLA-DR-. During the acute phase, CD8+ T cells stimulated with viral peptides exhibited a monofunctional response characterized by high IL-10 production. However, during recovery, we observed a bifunctional response characterized by the co-expression of CD107a and granzyme B or perforin. Conclusion: Although the proinflammatory response is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection, other phenotypic and functional alterations in NK cells and CD8+ T cells could be associated with the outcome of COVID-19. However, additional studies are required to understand these alterations and to guide future immunotherapy strategies.
Effects of Macrofaunal Recolonization on Biogeochemical Processes and Microbiota—A Mesocosm Study

Macroinvertebrates are widespread in lake sediments and alter sedimentary properties through their activity (bioturbation). Understanding the interactions between bioturbation and sediment properties is important given that lakes are important sinks and sources of carbon and nutrients. We studied the biogeochemical impact of macrofauna on surface sediments in 3-month-long mesocosm experiments conducted using sediment cores from a hypoxic, macrofauna-free lake basin. Experimental units consisted of hypoxic controls, oxic treatments, and oxic treatments that were experimentally colonized with chironomid larvae or tubificid worms. Overall, the presence of O2 in bottom water had the strongest geochemical effect and led to oxidation of sediments down to 2 cm depth. Relative to macrofauna-free oxic treatments, chironomid larvae increased sediment pore water concentrations of nitrate and sulfate and lowered porewater concentrations of reduced metals (Fe2+, Mn2+), presumably by burrow ventilation, whereas tubificid worms increased the redox potential, possibly through sediment reworking. Microbial communities were very similar across oxic treatments; however, the fractions of α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria and Sphingobacteriia increased, whereas those of Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Omnitrophica decreased compared to hypoxic controls. Sediment microbial communities were, moreover, distinct from those of macrofaunal tubes or feces. We suggest that, under the conditions studied, bottom water oxygenation has a stronger biogeochemical impact on lacustrine surface sediments than macrofaunal bioturbation.