Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
: A Global

: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide. Almost all cases of cervical cancer result from infection with human papilloma virus (HPV), and prevention of cervical cancer includes screening and vaccination. Primary treatment options for cervical cancer may include surgery or a concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin-based chemotherapy with external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy. Cervical cancer causes more than a quarter of a million deaths per year, as a result of grossly deficient treatments in many developing countries. This warrants a concerted global effort to counter shocking loss of life and suffering that largely goes unreported. This article provides a review of cervical cancer: its biology, prevention, treatment, and discusses the global cervical cancer crisis and efforts to improve the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in underdeveloped countries.
Dynamics of the Northern Tsuchiya Jet

Abstract The Tsuchiya jets (TJs) are narrow eastward currents located along thermal fronts at the poleward edges of thermostad water in the Pacific Ocean. In this study, an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) is used to explore the dynamics of the northern TJ. Solutions are found in a rectangular basin, extending 100° zonally and from 40°S to 40°N. They are forced by three idealized forcings: several patches of idealized wind fields, including one that simulates the strong Ekman pumping region in the vicinity of the Costa Rica Dome (CRD); surface heating that warms the ocean in the tropics; and a prescribed interocean circulation (IOC) that enters the basin through the southern boundary and exits through the western boundary from 2° to 6°N (the model’s Indonesian passages). Solutions forced by all the aforementioned processes and with minimal diffusion resemble the observed flow field in the tropical North Pacific. A narrow eastward current, the model’s northern TJ, flows across the basin along the n.
Imaging through turbulence with temporally and spatially multiplexed systems

Based on the analysis of factors that influence atmospheric imaging over long turbulent horizontal paths, we consider a number of practical configurations of opto-electronic surveillance systems with optimized performance. Our approach is based on simultaneous quasi real-time processing of a number of images obtained through uncorrelated atmospheric paths, using either temporal or spatial multiplexing. Practical results obtained on a 4.25 km imaging path using newly developed imaging system, based on temporal multiplexing, combined with image restoration based on projection on convex sets, are reported. Potential applications include optical and IR long-range security and military surveillance, unmanned aircraft imaging systems and naval optical imaging and warning systems.
MOTEDAS: a new monthly temperature database for mainland Spain and the trend in temperature (1951–2010)

We have developed a new monthly temperature database for mainland Spain by using the complete holding of maximum and minimum monthly mean values stored at the Spanish National Meteorological Agency (AEMet). After an exhaustive quality control exercise, the data set includes 1358 complete series, and a high‐resolution grid (0.1° × 0.1°) was calculated to analyse monthly trends. There has been an uneven increase in the mean values of maximum and minimum temperatures in the Spanish mainland from 1951 to 2010. The maximum monthly mean temperature values have risen mostly in late winter/early spring and the summer, while the minimum monthly mean temperature values have increased in summer, spring and autumn in southern areas. The spatial pattern of the diurnal temperature range shows a clear north–south gradient in summer, with positive trends in the north and negative trends in the south; furthermore, a negative pattern has been detected in the south in spring and autumn. These areas, particularly the Mediterranean coastland, have been subject to dramatic urbanization and land use changes during the past 30 years that may have affected nocturnal temperatures, in particular. Thus, warming processes in the Iberian Peninsula appear to be influenced both by global factors and more local ones, and their effects should be differentiated spatially.
Crystal structure of 6,9-dimethyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazepin-8(9H)-one 0.40-hydrate

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C7H9N5O·0.40H2O, the seven-membered heterocyclic ring exhibits a boat conformation, whereas the five-membered triazole ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 Å). In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimers are linked by pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into dimers, which are further connected via O-H⋯N and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The structure contains a partially occupied water mol-ecule lying on a twofold axis with an occupancy factor of 0.4.
The Weaker Sex? Vulnerable Men, Resilient Women, and Variations in Sex Differences in Mortality Since 1900

Sex differences in mortality (SDIM) vary over time and place as a function of social, health, and medical circumstances. The magnitude of these variations, and their response to large socioeconomic changes, suggest that biological differences cannot fully account for sex differences in survival. We document “stylized facts” about SDIM with which any theory will have to contend. We draw on a wide swath of mortality data, including probability of survival to age 70 by county in the United States, the Human Mortality Database data for 18 high-income countries since 1900, and mortality data within and across developing countries over time periods for which reasonably reliable data are available. We show that, in each of the periods of economic development after the onset of demographic and epidemiologic transition, cross-sectional variation in SDIM exhibits a consistent pattern of female resilience to mortality under adversity. Moreover, as societies develop, M/F survival first declines and then increases, a “SDIM transition” embedded within the demographic and epidemiologic transitions.
Colloidal and Particulate Silver in River and Estuarine Waters of Texas

Concentration and phase speciation of Ag in selected Texas rivers and in the Trinity River estuary were measured in order to establish the major factors that control its fate in the aquatic environment from source to sink. Concentrations of Ag in the filter-passing fractions in Texas rivers ranged from <0.01 to 62 ng/L. In the Trinity River estuary (Galveston Bay), they ranged from 0.4 to 6.4 ng/L and showed a non-conservative estuarine mixing behavior. An internal source of filter-passing (≤0.45 μm) and colloidal (1 kDa−0.45 μm) Ag was observed in the upper Trinity Bay. Silver, associated with colloidal macromolecular organic matter, which was isolated using cross-flow ultrafiltration techniques, amounted to 15−70% of the filtered (≤0.45 μm) Ag concentration, decreasing with increasing salinity. Such a trend was similar to that of dissolved and colloidal organic carbon. Estuarine distributions of colloidal Ag were also broadly similar to those of suspended particulate matter. The ratio of colloidal Ag to.
Advanced, Imageless Navigation in Contemporary THA: Optimising Acetabular Component Placement

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) stands as a reliable and effective way to manage end-stage hip disease secondary to a number of aetiologic conditions. While target ‘safe zones’ are widely quoted and endorsed, an increasingly robust body of evidence suggests that such idealised implantation goals have limited utility in patient-topatient considerations and that even with a precise goal in mind, surgeons perform inconsistently in achieving these targets intra-operatively. Inter-patient variability, the concept of ‘functional’ safe zones and the largely under-appreciated impact of poor patient positioning (and progressive loss of position during the case) are all recognised and evidence-supported opponents of conventional ‘40/15’ approaches. In an environment whereby accountable cost utility, maximised surgical consistency (i.e., outlier minimisation), improved attainment of target position, and awareness of the radiation exposure burden of many pre-operative templating regimes are all paramount, there appears to be an increasing role for the application of imageless ‘mini’ intra-operative navigation systems for primary (and revision) THA procedures. This chapter reviews the evolution of THA navigation and discusses contemporary applications, defines the challenges associated with unanticipated pelvic movement, and explores potential future directions in the use of this exciting technology.
Attributing the increase in Northern Hemisphere hot summers since the late 20th century

Anomalously high summertime temperatures have occurred with increasing frequency since the late 20th century. It is not clear why hot summers are becoming more frequent despite the recent slowdown in the rise in global surface air temperature. To examine factors affecting the historical variation in the frequency of hot summers over the Northern Hemisphere (NH), we conducted three sets of ensemble simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model. The model accurately reproduced interannual variation and long‐term increase in the occurrence of hot summers. Decadal variabilities in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans accounted for 43 ± 27% of the recent increase over the NH middle latitudes. In addition, direct influence of anthropogenic forcing also contributes to increasing the frequency since the late 20th century. The results suggest that the heat extremes can become more frequent in the coming decade even with the persistent slowdown in the global‐mean surface warming.
Chicxulub crater source for shocked zircon crystals from the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary layer, Saskatchewan: Evidence from new U-Pb data

New U-Pb data for five of six individual shocked zircon grains from the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary fireball layer, Rock Creek site, south-central Saskatchewan, yield a source age of 548 ± 6 Ma. The collinear data points are variably discordant in proportion to the intensity of shock metamorphism exhibited by each zircon. The age and zircon shock features establish a strong temporal and genetic link with K-T distal ejecta from the fireball layer at the Berwind canyon site in the Raton basin, Colorado, where texturally similar zircons from a previous study gave an indistinguishable source age of 544 ± 5 Ma. These ages are in agreement with independent ages obtained from a previous study for single shocked zircons from the Chicxulub crater, Mexico, and from Beloc, Haiti. The U-Pb zircon data unequivocally support a meteorite impact origin for the global K-T boundary layer and imply that the Chicxulub crater is the sole North American target source.
A C. elegans model of C9orf72-associated ALS/FTD uncovers a conserved role for eIF2D in RAN translation

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion GGGGCC in the noncoding region of C9orf72 is the most common cause of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Potentially toxic dipeptide repeats (DPRs) are synthesized from the GGGGCC sequence via repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. We developed C. elegans models that express, either ubiquitously or exclusively in neurons, a transgene with 75 GGGGCC repeats flanked by intronic C9orf72 sequence. The worms generate DPRs (poly-glycine-alanine [poly-GA], poly-glycine-proline [poly-GP]) and display neurodegeneration, locomotor and lifespan defects. Mutation of a non-canonical translation-initiating codon (CUG) upstream of the repeats blocked poly-GA production and ameliorated disease, suggesting poly-GA is pathogenic. Importantly, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D (eif-2D/eIF2D) was necessary for RAN translation. Genetic removal of eif-2D increased lifespan in both C. elegans models. In vitro findings in human cells demonstrated a conserved role for eif-2D/eIF2D in RAN translation that could be exploited for ALS and FTD therapy.
The 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake: Joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data

The 1964 Prince William Sound (Alaska) earthquake, Mw = 9.2, ruptured a large area beneath the continental margin of Alaska from Prince William Sound to Kodiak Island. A joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and geodetic data, consisting of vertical displacements and horizontal vectors, gives a detailed slip distribution. Two areas of high slip correspond to seismologically determined areas of high moment release: the Prince William Sound asperity with average slip of 18 m and the Kodiak asperity with average slip of 10 m. The average slip on the fault is 8.6 m and the seismic moment is estimated as 6.3 × 1022 N m, or over 75% of the seismic moment determined from long-period surface waves.
Core-sets for Fair and Diverse Data Summarization

We study core-set construction algorithms for the task of Diversity Maximization under fairness/partition constraint. Given a set of points $P$ in a metric space partitioned into $m$ groups, and given $k_1,\ldots,k_m$, the goal of this problem is to pick $k_i$ points from each group $i$ such that the overall diversity of the $k=\sum_i k_i$ picked points is maximized. We consider two natural diversity measures: sum-of-pairwise distances and sum-of-nearest-neighbor distances, and show improved core-set construction algorithms with respect to these measures. More precisely, we show the first constant factor core-set w.r. t. sum-of-pairwise distances whose size is independent of the size of the dataset and the aspect ratio. Second, we show the first core-set w.r. t. the sum-of-nearest-neighbor distances. Finally, we run several experiments showing the effectiveness of our core-set approach. In particular, we apply constrained diversity maximization to summarize a set of timed messages that takes into account the messages' recency. Specifically, the summary should include more recent messages compared to older ones. This is a real task in one of the largest communication platforms, affecting the experience of hundreds of millions daily active users. By utilizing our core-set method for this task, we achieve a 100x speed-up while losing the diversity by only a few percent. Moreover, our approach allows us to improve the space usage of the algorithm in the streaming setting.
Determination of the quenching rate of the O(¹D) by O(³P) from rocket‐borne optical (630 nm) and electron density data

The quenching rate k7 of the O(¹D) by O(³P) in the nocturnal F region is evaluated on the basis of rocket-borne photometric and electron density measurements that have been carried out aboard a Brazilian Sonda III rocket launched from Natal (geography 5.8°S, 35.2°W) on October 31, 1986, at 2259 Local Standard Time (LST). The nightglow emission and electron density vertical profiles were obtained respectively from a 630-nm photometer and a high-frequency capacitance probe. The quenching rate k7 was evaluated from model calculations of the OI 630-nm emission rate, utilizing as input data the measured electron density. Assuming the value of 1.1 for the quantum yield factor f(1;D) a mean value estimated for k7 turned out to be 9.2×10−13 cm3; s−1, the upper and lower limits being 2.8×10−12 cm3 s−1 and zero, respectively. On the other hand, assuming Bates' [1990] height profile of Franck-Condon f(1;D) for this same experiment, k7 resulted in 2.55×10−12 cm3 s−1. These results are discussed and compared with previous measurements from other authors.
Chemical Petrology of a Suite of Calc-Alkaline Lavas from Mount Ararat, Turkey

A suite of lavas from Great Ararat is described. Analyses are reported for Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Ti, Mn, S, P, Ba, Nb, Zr, Y, Sr, Rb, Zn, Cu, and Ni. Two distinct series can be recognized, each consisting of andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite (designated Low-Y and high-Y series), they are distinguished by significantly different K. Mn, P, Nb, Zr, Y, Rb, Cu, and normative feldspar contents-The high-Y series corresponds closely to a normal calc-alkali series, but the low-Y series is relatively deficient in K, Mn, P, Nb, Zr, Y, and Rb. $$^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$$ from both series is $$0.7050 \pm 0.0005$$. Petrographi-cally, both series are characterized by three generations of feldspar, all rock types containing labradorite together with more sodic phenocrysts and groundmass plagioclase: orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, magnetite and ilmenite are present. Quartz and K-feldspar phenocrysts are absent. Suggestions of the former presence of garnet and brown hornblende, together with relevant experimental and geo-chemical data, lead to the suggestion that a multi-stage evolution of primitive upper mantle material has occurred, involving equilibration of a liquid containing about 2-5% $$H_{2}O$$ with garnet and amphi-bole, with subsequent crystal fractionation. Differentiation of the "parental" andesitic magma has led to the more silicic types, the low-Y series being generated under more hydrous conditions than prevailed during the evolution of the later high-Y series. Discussion of the geotectonic setting suggests that subduction zone theory cannot be applied to the Ararat situation without modification: a lithospheric shear-zone theory at a complex plate junction is preferred.
Recent and future changes in Arctic sea ice simulated by the HadCM3 AOGCM

The HadCM3 AOGCM has been used to undertake an ensemble of four integrations from 1860 to 1999 with forcings due to all major anthropogenic and natural climate factors. The simulated decreasing trend in average Arctic sea ice extent for 1970–1999 (−2.5% per decade) is very similar to observations. HadCM3 indicates that internal variability and natural forcings (solar and volcanic) of the climate system are very unlikely by themselves to have caused a trend of this size. The simulated decreasing trend in Arctic sea ice volume (−3.4% per decade for 1961–1998) is less than some recent observationally based estimates. Extending the integrations into the 21st century, Arctic sea ice area and volume continue to decline. Area decreases linearly as global‐average temperature rises (by 13% per K), and volume diminishes more rapidly than area. By the end of the century, in some scenarios, the Arctic is ice‐free in late summer.
Further evidence for inclination shallowing in red beds

Red beds and related shallow marine siliciclastic sediments within the extensional Catalan Neogene basins offer a unique opportunity to study the relationship between sediment anisotropy, remanence acquisition and inclination shallowing. On the basis of the dominant fabric features, sedimentary facies are grouped into laminated, massive and bioturbated. The bulk susceptibility appears to be dominated by paramagnetic phyllosilicates and clay minerals. The magnetic susceptibility fabric is dominantly foliated while the degree of anisotropy is very variable and is dependent on the facies type. Strong foliation dominates in the laminated sediments whereas weak anisotropy characterizes the bioturbated and massive mass-flow facies. Moreover, we observe a correlation between facies type and remanence inclination. The undisrupted thinly laminated facies provides the most biased inclination values: 20° as opposed to 60° of the expected geomagnetic field. Steeper inclinations are reported from bioturbated muds, while the best record of the geomagnetic inclination is found in the weakly anisotropic mass flow deposits.
An Intermodel Approach to Identify the Source of Excessive Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue in CMIP5 Models and Uncertainty in Observational Datasets

AbstractAn excessive cold tongue error in the equatorial Pacific has prevailed in several generations of climate models. However, the causes of this problem remain a mystery, partly owing to uncertainty and/or a lack of observational datasets. Based on the multimodel ensemble from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), this study introduces a novel intermodel approach to identify the bias source by going beyond comparison with observational datasets. Intermodel statistics show that the excessive cold tongue bias could be traced back to a too strong oceanic dynamic cooling linked to a too shallow thermocline along the equatorial Pacific. A heat budget analysis suggests that the excessive oceanic dynamic cooling is balanced by the surface latent heat flux (LHF) adjustment. This is consistent with a variety of oceanic and atmospheric observations but at odds with the popular objectively analyzed air–sea heat fluxes (OAFlux) products. Further analyses suggest an alarming overestimation .
Évolution et fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire de la lagune de la Somone, Petite Côte, Sénégal.

Situee sur la Petite Cote du Senegal, la Somone est une petite riviere cotiere qui se jette dans l'ocean atlantique par un ecosysteme laguno-estuarien a regime microtidal. Aujourd'hui, les apports du bassin versant sont inexistants du fait de la combinaison de plusieurs facteurs dont le barrage de Bandia. Les seuls apports en eau douce se font par les precipitations et la nappe. Le systeme laguno-estuarien de la Somone est caracterise par un fonctionnement hydrologique inverse ou les influences marines predominent. La mangrove, a dominance de Rhizophora, est l'unite caracteristique de ce systeme cotier. L'evolution diachronique sur 60 ans montre une modification importante de tous les facies, internes et externes, de l'ecosysteme. La mobilite de la fleche sableuse d'embouchure, qui s'est traduite par deux comblements en 1967-1969 puis en 1987, est liee a des variations climatiques et meteorologiques. L'evolution regressive des surfaces de mangrove, entre 1954 et 1989, est le resultat de l'effet conjugue de ces periodes de comblements, de la secheresse et des usages traditionnels de la mangrove. La restauration de la mangrove est essentiellement due aux politiques de reboisement administrees dans les annees 2000. L'evolution annuelle et saisonniere montre que le remaniement interne est le processus hydro-sedimentaire dominant. Le taux de sedimentation moyen des vasieres est de 2 a 3 mm/an. La dynamique de la fleche sableuse a l'embouchure de la Somone joue un role fondamental sur l'evolution et la qualite des facies internes, notamment la mangrove. L'ouverture permanente de l'embouchure permet un renouvellement biquotidien des eaux dans le systeme laguno-estuarien, essentiel pour reguler les fortes teneurs en sels. Les faibles teneurs des sediments en carbone organique total, temoignent de la faible production de la mangrove en matiere organique car il s'agit d'une mangrove jeune et de forme rabougrie. Les processus diagenetiques se font en anaerobiose et essentiellement dans les 10 premiers cm du sediment, sur du depot recent. La contribution des mangroves jeunes, comme celles de la Somone, au processus de stockage du carbone organique est faible. L'ecosysteme laguno-estuarien de la Somone est un systeme fragile et tres reactif dont l'evolution, a l'echelle humaine, est rapide et liee a des effets cumules de facteurs naturels et anthropiques.
Determination of eddy diffusion coefficients from atmospheric electrical measurements

The system of second-order nonlinear differential equations that governs atmospheric electric variables is solved numerically for various values of the strength parameter in an expression for the eddy diffusivity. The solutions show that the atmospheric electric variables are sensitive to changes in the diffusivity and therefore can be used to determine the eddy diffusivity. The numerical results make it possible to determine the diffusivity either from electric field profile measurements or from surface measurements of field and space charge. Data taken over the open ocean are used to demonstrate the usefulness of the method. Ground radioactivity and radioactive gas emissions from the soil make it extremely difficult to apply the same technique over land areas.