Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF INORGANIC NPK FERTILIZER AND BIOORGANIC COMPOST ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF NUMEX SAHARA BERMUDAGRASS (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) GROWN IN A SANDY SOIL

A field experiment was conducted during the two successive seasons 2007/2008/2009 and 2008/2009/2010 at the Agriculture Experimental Station of the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, AlQassim, Saudi Arabia. The experiment aimed to study the effects of mineral NPK fertilizer and incorporation of organic compost to the soil on growth and quality of NuMex Sahara Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ) grown in a sandy soil throughout the year. Seeds were planted on September 15 of 2007and 2008 for the first and second seasons respectively. In treatments containing compost, compost was incorporated to the top 20 cm of the soil at two rates; 1 and 3 kg per square meter, before planting during soil preparation of the beds. Inorganic water soluble NPK fertilizer (14-38-10 +Mg +TE), was applied at three levels; low (100 g/m/year ), medium (200 g/m/year) ,and high (300 g/m/year ). The mineral fertilizer was divided into four equal applications (after planting on February of the following year, May, September, and February of the next year). Data included turfgrass establishment (coverage) rate, clippings weight, turfgrass quality, root/shoot ratio, and chlorophyll content, carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium % in the clippings. Data showed that the earliest establishment of NuMex Sahara Bermudagrass was achieved using high NPK (300 g/m/year ) either alone or combined with 1 or 3 kg compost incorporated to the soil. These treatments also maintained turfgrass quality above the acceptable level throughout the entire season, including late fall and winter. The best results for growth, quality, and all previously mentioned measurements were obtained by applying 300 g/m/year NPK fertilizer divided to 4 equal applications to Bermudagrass grown in the soil incorporated with 3 kg of the bioorganic compost during soil preparation.
Notes on the identity of Cardium costatum Linnaeus, 1758, with the description of Cardium maxicostatum spec. nov. from tropical West Africa (Bivalvia, Cardiidae)

It is shown that what is generally considered a single species, the Great ribbed cockle, Cardium costatum Linnaeus, 1758, consists of two clearly different forms, to be separated at species level. Among the available possible type material of C. costatum, which is in agreement with one of these forms, a lectotype is selected. Because no alternative name is available for the remaining form, a new species is here described as C. maxicostatum spec. nov.
Trophic levels and anomalous δ^ N of insects on raspberry (Rubis idaeus L.)

Abstract Unexpectedly elevated δ15N values (8 to 16‰) were found in adult raspberry beetles (Byturus tomentosus), collected shortly after emergence from over-wintering sites. Elevated δ15N values (11 to 14‰) were also found in over-wintered larvae, but young adults, collected shortly after metamorphosis in autumn, and larvae collected from raspberry drupelets and receptacles in summer, did not show such elevated δ15N. δ15N values of feeding larvae (∼ 2‰) were close to those of their food plant, red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). The elevated δ15N values in overwintered larvae and adults of raspberry beetle are consistent with an hypothesis of extensive amino acid nitrogen recycling during prolonged fasting. Predatory seven-spot and two-spot ladybirds (Coccinella septempunctata and Adalia bipunctata), (δ15N-∼7‰) showed an expected trophic level increase of ∼1‰ relative to their prey, the large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei). The potential is assessed for using continuous flow isotope-ratio-mass-spectromet.
Flags Reduce Sea Turtle Nest Predation by Foxes in NE Brazil

) sea turtles in Brazil (Marcovaldi & Laurent 1996). In this region, nearly 200 km of beach from the city of Salvador to the border with Sergipe are patrolled by staff of Projeto TAMAR (Brazilian National Sea Turtle Conservation Program), resulting in the protection of all nests during egg incubation. In Mangue Seco beach, starting in the 2005/2006 nesting season, emphasis has been placed on protecting nests in situ by leaving them in their original locations, rather than relocating most to open-air hatcheries, which had been the main strategy up until then. For in situ incubation, all freshly laid nests were verified and had wire panel grids (metal rounded by plastic) placed 5-10 cm below the surface of the sand and above the nest cavity. The mesh size was large enough to allow hatchlings to pass through it during their emergence from the nest (Marcovaldi & Laurent 1996; Marcovaldi & Marcovaldi 1999). However, starting in 2005/2006, there was a substantial increase in the predation rate of incubating eggs, despite the use of the wire panels. The main predator was identified as the crab-eating fox (
Can small, rural communities: Practice urban forestry?

The practice of urban forestrytraditionally has been confined to large cities and their suburbs. However, trees and forests within municipalities-regardless of community size or location within a rural, urban, or suburbansetting-all have the potential to provide residents with the environmental benefits and other amenities associated with urban forestry. In most cases, the management afforded metropolitan trees is far superior to that in nonmetropolitan communities. As a result, small towns are often populated by unsightly, unhealthy, and potentially dangerous trees. The biological, economic, and social forces underlying the poor condition of these forests are presented and potential remedies discussed.
Enhancing Wildlife Sciences' Linkage to Public Policy: Lessons from the Predator-Control Pendulum

t Policy decisions in wildlife management and conservation are made for many reasons. The degree to which information generated by scientific research is incorporated into these decisions depends on several factors. We believe wildlife science can help create the social and political climates that foster new policy directions. Regarding United States (U.S.) predator-control policy, science provided the neutral ground on which the debate could focus, thus tempering the value questions, while allowing for the gradual accrual of new technical information. Because of the nature of scientific research, there is often considerable lag time between the generation of new information, its acceptance by stakeholders, and its subsequent incorporation into policy. We believe wildlife managers can compensate for this lag time by actively engaging in "policy-oriented learning" at the local level. This approach will address public concerns arising from perceptions that wildlife management policies and actions are derived within an information vacuum. Such efforts will ultimately result in better decisions on wildlife and its management and serve to temper wide swings in the public policy.
The historical spread of the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera, Stratiomyidae, Hermetiinae), and its establishment in Canada

The Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus), is a synanthropic, polysaprophagous fly native to the Neotropics, but now found in every zoogeographic region following decades of spread throughout the warmer parts of the world. In the last few decades there has been considerable interest in using larvae of H. illucens for organic waste control, composting, and as animal food supplements. It has been studied as an agent for manure control (Sheppard et al. 1994), for controlling house fly infestations in chicken production (Furman et al. 1959, Sheppard 1983), and as a food supplement for fish (Bondari and Sheppard 1981) and swine (Newton et al. 1977). More recently, there has been considerable interest in using H. illucens as an agent for composting (Lalander et al. 2015). An internet search on “Black Soldier Fly” demonstrates that this use is reaching a household level. Although it has been suggested that H. illucens might have been first brought to Europe around 500 years ago (Benelli et al. 2014), the first verifiable Palaearctic record of the species is from southern Europe (Malta) in 1926 (Lindner 1936). The subsequent spread of this large, easily recognized species in Europe has been mainly along the Mediterranean coast of Spain, France, and Italy in the 1950s and 1960s (Leclercq 1969, 1997). In more recent years, the species has been documented spreading northwards in Central Europe: Ssymank and Doczkal (2010) recorded it from Germany and Rohacek and Hora (2013) recorded it from the Czech republic. We have seen specimens from South Africa collected as early as 1915 and from Malaysia, hawaii, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Mariana Islands, Palau, and Guam in the 1940s. Probably by the 1960s, H. illucens had spread over most of the range it occupies today. The apparent spread of this species along coastlines and islands suggests that maritime transport may have played a role in repeated accidental introductions.
A novel nest‐monitoring camera system using a Raspberry Pi micro‐computer

The utility, availability, cost-effectiveness, and reliability of prefabricated video systems designed to monitor wildlife have lagged behind the unique and varied needs of many researchers. Many systems are limited by inflexible video settings, lack of adequate data storage, and cannot be programmed by the user. More sophisticated systems can be cost prohibitive, and the literature describing remote wildlife video monitoring has, for the most part, not incorporated advances in camera and computer technology. Here, we present details of a pilot study to design and construct a lower cost (US $340) nest camera system to record the behavior of Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) in artificial tree cavity nests. This system incorporates a Raspberry Pi micro-computer, Pi NoIR infrared camera, a wireless adapter to transmit video over the Internet, and Deka rechargeable gel batteries for power. We programmed the system to motion-sense, to record exclusively during daylight hours, and to automatically upload videos to the cloud over wireless Internet. The Raspberry Pi micro-computer does not require advanced programming or electrical engineering skills to build and configure and, because it is programmable, provides unprecedented flexibility for field researchers who wish to configure the system to the specific needs of their study. RESUMEN. Un sistema de monitoreo de nidos novedoso usando micro computadoras Raspberry Pi La utilidad, disponibilidad, la relaci on eficiencia costo y la confiabilidad de sistemas de video prefabricados dise~ nados para el monitoreo de vida salvaje han estado atrasado de las necesidades unicas y variadas de muchos investigadores. Muchos sistemas est an limitados por los ajustes de video inflexibles que no tienen la capacidad adecuada para guardar datos y no pueden ser programados por el usuario. Sistemas m as sofisticados pueden ser prohibitivos por su costo y la literatura describiendo monitoreo de vida salvaje con videos, ha estado mayormente, desacoplada de los avances tecnol ogicos en c amaras y computadores. Aqu ı presentamos los detalles de un estudio piloto para dise~ nar y construir una c amara para nidos de bajo costo (US $340) para grabar el comportamiento de Melanerpes formicivorus en nidos en cavidades artificiales. Este sistema incorpora microcomputadoras Raspberry Pi, c amara infrarrojo Pi NoIR, un adaptador inal ambrico para transmitir video a trav es de internet y bater ıas recargables Deka de gel. Programamos el sistema con sensores de movimiento para grabar exclusivamente durante horas del d ıa y para que autom aticamente subiera los videos a la nube a trav es de internet inal ambrico. La micro computadora Raspberry Pi no requiere de programaci on avanzada o habilidades en ingenier ıa el ectrica para su construcci on y configuraci on. Debido a que es programable provee flexibilidad sin precedentes para investigadores en el campo que desean configurar el sistema para las necesidades espec ıficas de su estudio.
Food and feeding habits of insectivorous bats from Israel

Small numbers of fecal pellets were examined from nine of the 32 species of insectivorous bats from Israel. Based on these small samples, Asellia tridens and Pipistrellus bodenheimeri were lepidopteran/ dipteran and lepidoteran/dipteran/coleopteran feeders, respectively; Myotis nattereri fed primarily on lygaeids and coleopterans; Otonyteris hemprichi fed exclusively on coleopterans; Pipistrellus kuhlii fed on hymenopterans and coleopterans; Pipistrellus rueppelli and Tadarida teniotis on lepidopterans and coleopterans; Plecotus austriacus fed exclusively on lepidopterans, and Rhinolophus clivosus was a generalist feeder, taking several different kinds of insect prey. Information on dietary analysis is supplemented with direct observations on the foraging habits of these bats
Silage quality of pearl millet cultivars produced in different cutting ages.

O milheto vem ganhando destaque nos ultimos anos, principalmente com a chegada de genotipos precoces e de alto valor nutritivo e potencial produtivo, oriundos do melhoramento genetico. Por se tratarem de materiais novos, existem poucas informacoes sobre esses genotipos. Nesse sentido, e importante obter informacoes tecnicas, apoiadas em estudos cientificos, sobre o comportamento desses materiais em relacao ao valor nutritivo e epoca de colheita para a producao de silagens. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de silagem de genotipos de milheto produzidas em diferentes idades de cortes. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo, cinco cultivares de milheto: ARD 500, ADR 7010, LAB 0730, LAB 0731 e LAB 0732 e tres idades de cortes: 57, 65 e 73 dias apos a semeadura (DAS). Os resultados mostraram que as silagens produzidas por milheto, independente do genotipo, podem ser consideradas de boa qualidade. Por se tratar de materiais precoces a melhor idade que proporcionou melhor qualidade da silagem desses materiais, foi quando os materiais foram colhidos aos 57 DAS.
Factors effecting growth and cell composition of cyanoprokaryote Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wołoszyńska) Seenayya et Subba Raju

The cyanoprokaryote Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii bloomed many times in Lake Balaton. Some physical parameters and nitrogen forms controlling the growth of C raciborskii were investigated in batch and flow-through cultures. The optimum light intensity was 121 ± 13 μmol m -2 s -1 , while light requirement for growth was low (I k was between 22 and 26 μmol m -2 s -1 ). The optimum temperature was 30 °C, and the maximum growth rate was depending on the nitrogen source. The maximum growth rate lies between 0.84 and 0.88 d -1 when the atmospheric nitrogen (N 2 ) was the sole nitrogen source. When the NH 4 -N was the nitrogen source, the maximum growth rate reached a value of 1.6 d -1 . C. raciborskii has fixed the atmospheric nitrogen even if other nitrogen source as NO 3 -N was available. The strategy of growth may depend on: 1 - nitrogen fixation, when other algae were nitrogen limited; 2 - fast PO 4 -P uptake even if very low concentration is available; and 3 - it has low light requirement, and high temperature.
Colonic Availability of Bilberry Anthocyanins in Humans

Anthocyanins comprise a group of flavonoids and are important pigments in various plant species responsible for the distinctive colours of many flowers, fruits and vegetables. Dietary anthocyanins also receive considerable interest for their presumed roles in the prevention of various degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the amounts of anthocyanins reaching the colon after oral intake of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), which were found to contain very high levels of anthocyanins (7834 mg/kg, compared to 365 mg/kg in cultivated blueberries according to quantitative analyses with authentic standards). After a polyphenol-free diet five healthy ileostomy volunteers each ate 300 g of bilberries. Ileostomy effluent was subsequently collected and anthocyanins in it were identified and quantified by HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and HPLC-diode array detection. In total, 46% ± 15% of the consumed anthocyanins were detected in the ileostomy effluent, with excretion peaking between one and four hours after intake. The results show that most of the bilberry anthocyanins were recovered in the ileostomy effluent, which would reach the colon under standard physiological circumstances and contribute to the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases and malignant gastrointestinal diseases.
Feeding relationships and competitive interactions between phylogenetically unrelated predators (owls and snakes)

Dans une region agricole et forestiere du centre de l'Italie (province de Rome), nous avons etudie les relations alimentaires entre des hiboux (Athene noctua, Strix aluco, Asio otus et Tyto alba) et des serpents (Vipera aspis, Coluber viridiflavus, Elaphe longissima et Elaphe quatuorlineata) sympatriques. L'abondance de petits mammiferes dans quatre types d'environnements differents a egalement ete evaluee, par piegeage et capture-marquage-recapture. Les serpents se nourrissent essentiellement de petits mammiferes et de lezards, les hiboux de petits mammiferes. A. noctua est aussi largement insectivore. En general, les regimes alimentaires de predateurs sans liens phylogenetiques sont similaires (comme le montrent des estimations de recouvrement relativement eleve), et bon nombre de proies sont consommees par tous les predateurs (hiboux et serpents inclus). Cependant, 1) des comparaisons interphyletiques et 2) des analyses statistiques multivariees mettent en evidence quelques differences interessantes entre les regimes alimentaires des predateurs. Ainsi les hiboux capturent essentiellement les petits mammiferes des habitats herbeux, ouverts, semi-cultives, tandis que les serpents se nourrissent de petits mammiferes associes aux forets. Ceci est confirme par des analyses de correspondance. Le potentiel de competition pour les ressources alimentaires semble etre plus eleve entre especes liees phylogenetiquement que sans lien de parente, en raison d'une separation des groupes selon le macrohabitat frequente et peut-etre aussi les rythmes d'activite journaliers. La separation des niches alimentaires est plus evidente chez les hiboux que chez les serpents, ce qui concorde avec le fait que les serpents, contrairement aux hiboux, sont des organismes peu consommateurs d'energie, pouvant vivre sur des ressources alimentaires limitees.
An implementation of central composite design: Effect of microwave and conventional heating techniques on the triglyceride composition and trans isomer formation in corn oil

ABSTRACT Triglyceride composition and trans fatty acid content of corn oil subjected to microwave and conventional heating were evaluated with the aid of central composite design methodology. Oil samples with and without α-tocopherol were prepared on the basis of central composite design and, the effects of the main three factors (temperature, contact time, and the amount of α-tocopherol) were tired to investigate 10 at different five levels. Linoleic acid-linoleic acid-linoleic acid content in triglyceride structure of corn oil and the amount of trans fatty acids in the same oils were taken as response values for evaluation of central composite design assays. Based on the response surface, the optimum conditions (at which trans fatty acid formation and the change in the triglyceride composition are minimum) were determined for both heating procedures. The results showed that the increasing of the temperature and contact time increased the trans fatty acid formation and changed triglyceride structure of the oil in both heating techniques, although, the addition of α-tocopherol at high concentration caused pro-oxidant effect on triglyceride composition (bad effect), while reducing the formation of trans fatty acid (good effect). The results revealed that the heating 20 treatments caused significant changes in the triglyceride composition and trans fatty acid isomers of unsaturated fatty acids of the oil, while the saturated fatty acid contents did not change substantially. These alterations were much greater in microwave-heated samples (trans fatty acid ≤ 7.26%) than in Q3 corresponding samples heated in a conventional stove (trans fatty acid ≤ 0.56%).
‘Alisha’, ‘Anamaria’, ‘Bie’, ‘Bita’, ‘Caelan’, ‘Ivone’, ‘Lawrence’, ‘Margarete’, and ‘Victoria’ Sweetpotato

It takes on average 7 to 8 years to breed a suitable sweetpotato cultivar in Africa adapted to local farmer and consumer needs. For southern Africa, the major sweetpotato breeding objectives are high storage root and vine yield, high b-carotene levels, and drought adaptation. Orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) cultivars alleviate vitamin A deficiency in African rural households (Hotz et al., 2012; Low et al., 2007). Furthermore, sweetpotato needs in southernAfrica a critical amount of vine yield to plant the next growing season and for feed, particularly where land availability is scarce. However, food and fodder dual-purpose cultivars were not available in African sweetpotato germplasm (Niyireba et al., 2013) until the recent release of RW cultivars by the Rwanda Agriculture Board and the International Potato Center (CIP) (Shumbusha et al., 2014). Purplefleshed sweetpotatoes (PFSP) are the sources of antioxidants (Teow et al., 2007), and anthocyanins derived from PFSP affect the growth of human retinal pigment damageprotective activities on epithelial cells (Kubow et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2015). Moreover, PFSP can be used for natural food coloring, which is a relatively new market for sweetpotato and cultivars high in anthocyanin, are increasingly becoming popular in Asia used fresh or in a variety of processed snacks (Gilbert, 2005; Timberlake and Henry, 1988). This is a report on nine new cultivars bred together by CIP and the Instituto de Investigac x~ao Agrarian de Mozambique (IIAM).
A water balance model to estimate flow through the Old and Middle River corridor

doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.15447/sfews.2016v14iss2art2 We applied a water balance model to predict tidally averaged (subtidal) flows through the Old River and Middle River corridor in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. We reviewed the dynamics that govern subtidal flows and water levels and adopted a simplified representation. In this water balance approach, we estimated ungaged flows as linear functions of known (or specified) flows. We assumed that subtidal storage within the control volume varies because of fortnightly variation in subtidal water level, Delta inflow, and barometric pressure. The water balance model effectively predicts subtidal flows and approaches the accuracy of a 1–D Delta hydrodynamic model. We explore the potential to improve the approach by representing more complex dynamics and identify possible future improvements.