Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dimensionless number describing the effects of recharge and geometry on discharge from simple karstic aquifers

The responses of karstic aquifers to storms are often used to obtain information about aquifer geometry. In general, spring hydrographs are a function of both system geometry and recharge. However, the majority of prior work on storm pulses through karst has not studied the effect of recharge on spring hydrographs. To examine the relative importance of geometry and recharge, we break karstic aquifers into elements according to the manner of their response to transient flow and demonstrate that each element has a characteristic response timescale. These fundamental elements are full pipes, open channels, reservoir/constrictions, and the porous matrix. Taking the ratio of the element timescale with the recharge timescale produces a dimensionless number, γ, that is used to characterize aquifer response to a storm event. Using sets of simulations run with randomly selected element parameters, we demonstrate that each element type has a critical value of γ below which the shape of the spring hydrograph is dominated by the shape of the recharge hydrograph and above which the spring hydrograph is significantly modified by the system geometry. This allows separation of particular element/storm pairs into recharge‐dominated and geometry‐dominated regimes. While most real karstic aquifers are complex combinations of these elements, we draw examples from several karst systems that can be represented by single elements. These examples demonstrate that for real karstic aquifers full pipe and open channel elements are generally in the recharge‐dominated regime, whereas reservoir/constriction elements can fall in either the recharge‐ or geometry‐dominated regimes.
Provision of Docker and InfiniBand in High Performance Computing

High Performance Computing (HPC) is playing an important role in a variety of domains with the demand of high-level computational capacity. Besides, HPC provides services for a huge range of different users as well as multiple environments. Hence, the performance of the network is also one of the important criteria. The advent of InfiniBand (IB) aims at the improvement of computer-networking. IB technology has been used and expanded on virtualization environments, especially in virtual machines (VMs). Recently, another virtualization technique known as Docker platform is being popularly considered. Docker promises to bring higher performance, but it also poses some challenging problems. Concretely, while VMs are combined with IB by standard virtualization modules such as SR-IOV, Docker containers are still being examined on feasible solutions with IB. An important question is the advantages and disadvantages of both architectures, namely VM and Docker. In this paper, we deploy Docker on IB infrastructure and evaluate their performance with VMs. Remarkably, we highlight the benefits and the drawbacks of Docker in the conflict of resources when its architecture shares the same kernel with the host. Our evaluations emphasize the potential of Docker containers in HPC field, simultaneously, we propose experiences when using Docker for running parallel applications.
A Homologue of Pancreatic Trypsin Is Localized in the Acrosome of Mammalian Sperm and Is Released During Acrosome Reaction*

We have identified cDNA and genomic clones encoding a homologue of pancreatic trypsin, termed TESP4, as a candidate protein involved in the sperm penetration of the egg zona pellucida in mouse. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that TESP4 is 90% identical to pancreatic trypsin. Analysis of Northern blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction reveals that the mouse TESP4 gene is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, including the pancreas and testis, and the transcript is present in the haploid stages of male germ cells. Moreover, immunochemical analysis of mouse cauda epididymal sperm using an affinity-purified antibody against bovine pancreatic trypsinogen shows that TESP4 is localized only in the sperm acrosome and is released during the acrosome reaction induced by calcium ionophore A23187. These findings may open a new point of view regarding the molecular mechanisms of the sperm/egg interactions, including the sperm penetration of the egg zona pellucida.
An overview of Trilinos.

The Trilinos Project is an effort to facilitate the design, development, integration and ongoing support of mathematical software libraries. In particular, our goal is to develop parallel solver algorithms and libraries within an object-oriented software framework for the solution of large-scale, complex multi-physics engineering and scientific applications. Our emphasis is on developing robust, scalable algorithms in a software framework, using abstract interfaces for flexible interoperability of components while providing a full-featured set of concrete classes that implement all abstract interfaces. Trilinos uses a two-level software structure designed around collections of packages. A Trilinos package is an integral unit usually developed by a small team of experts in a particular algorithms area such as algebraic preconditioners, nonlinear solvers, etc. Packages exist underneath the Trilinos top level, which provides a common look-and-feel, including configuration, documentation, licensing, and bug-tracking. Trilinos packages are primarily written in C++, but provide some C and Fortran user interface support. We provide an open architecture that allows easy integration with other solver packages and we deliver our software to the outside community via the Gnu Lesser General Public License (LGPL). This report provides an overview of Trilinos, discussing the objectives, history, current development and future plans of the project.
Discursive Usage of Six Chinese Punctuation Marks

Both rhetorical structure and punctuation have been helpful in discourse processing. Based on a corpus annotation project, this paper reports the discursive usage of 6 Chinese punctuation marks in news commentary texts: Colon, Dash, Ellipsis, Exclamation Mark, Question Mark, and Semicolon. The rhetorical patterns of these marks are compared against patterns around cue phrases in general. Results show that these Chinese punctuation marks, though fewer in number than cue phrases, are easy to identify, have strong correlation with certain relations, and can be used as distinctive indicators of nuclearity in Chinese texts.
1 1 6 A ug 2 00 2 AN UNFOLDING METHOD FOR HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS

Finite detector resolution and limited acceptance require one to apply unfolding methods in high energy physics experiments. Information on the detector resolution is usually given by a set of Monte Carlo events. Based on the experience with a widely used unfolding program (RUN) a modified method has been developed. The first step of the method is a maximum likelihood fit of the Monte Carlo distributions to the measured distribution in one, two or three dimensions; the finite statistics of the Monte Carlo events is taken into account by the use of Barlow’s method with a new method of solution. A clustering method is used before combining bins in sparsely populated areas. In the second step a regularization is applied to the solution, which introduces only a small bias. The regularization parameter is determined from the data after a diagonalization and rotation procedure. 1 THE UNFOLDING PROBLEM A standard task in high energy physics experiments is the measurement of a distribution of some kinematical quantity . With an ideal detector one could measure the quantity in every event and could obtain by a simple histogram of the quantity . With real detectors the determination of is complicated by three effects: Limited acceptance: The probability to observe a given event, the detector acceptance, is less than 1. The acceptance depends on the kinematical variable . Transformation: Instead of the quantity a different, but related quantity is measured. The transformation from to can be caused by the non-linear response of a detector component. Finite resolution: The measured quantity is smeared out due to the finite resolution (or limited measurement accuracy) of the detector. Thus there is only a statistical relation between the true kinematical variable and the measured quantity . The really difficult effect in the data correction for experimental effects, or data transformation from to is the finite resolution, causing a smearing of the measured quantities. Mathematically the relation between the distribution of the true variable , to be determined in an experiment, and the measured distribution of the measured quantity is given by the integral equation, d (1) called a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. In practice often a known (measured or simulated) background contribution has to be added to the right-hand side of equation (1); this contribution is ignored in this paper. The resolution function represents the effect of the detector. For a given value the function describes the response of the detector in the variable for that fixed value . The problem in determining the distribution from measured distributions is called unfolding; it is called an inverse problem. Unfolding of course requires the knowledge of the resolution function , i.e. all the effects of limited acceptance, transformation and finite resolution.
Effect of Bone Density of the Head on Total Body Dexa Measurements in 100 Healthy Swedish Women

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the bone areal density of the head and how it varied in relation to the density of the rest of the skeleton, and with age, and body mass index (BMI). Our intention was to study the feasibility of excluding the head from the rest of the body, a method which might improve the fracture prediction power of bone mineral measurements. Material and Methods: Bone mineral per area (BMA) and bone mineral content (BMC) (g) were determined in 100 consecutive female volunteers, aged 17 to 78 years, with total and partial body measurements. Results: BMC of the head was found to be 20.2±2.2% of that for the total body. The BMA of the head was 2.38±0.21 times higher than that of the rest of the body. The correlation between the BMA of the head and the rest of the body was significant (r=0.73). The average change in z-score (referred to the same age group in our material) was 0.20 when the head was excluded from total body BMA. The BMA of a) total body, b) total body, head excluded, and c) head decreased with age. The BMA of the head was correlated to BMI in the older age groups (p<0.01). The relative statistical uncertainty for repeated measurement of head BMA was 1.8%. Conclusion: The change of the bone density of the head with age and BMI, in comparison to that of the rest of the skeleton, suggests that when the head is excluded from total body BMA better predictive value for fracture risk is obtained.
Multiresolution signal processing for meshes

We generalize basic signal processing tools such as downsampling, upsampling, and filters to irregular connectivity triangle meshes. This is accomplished through the design of a non-uniform relaxation procedure whose weights depend on the geometry and we show its superiority over existing schemes whose weights depend only on connectivity. This is combined with known mesh simplification methods to build subdivision and pyramid algorithms. We demonstrate the power of these algorithms through a number of application examples including smoothing, enhancement, editing, and texture mapping.
Light-regulated release of DNA and its delivery to nuclei by means of photolabile gold nanoparticles.

Gene therapy is one of the most promising prospects in biomedical and bioorganic realms. The success of gene therapy benefits mainly from having effective gene-delivery vectors for transporting plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA, or antisense oligonucleotides into target cells. The delivery of therapeutic nucleotides using nanomaterials such as polymeric micelles, dendrimers, nanorods, nanotubes, and nanoparticles is attracting increasing attention as a consequence of their unique dimensions and properties.Despite much progress, unpacking DNA inside target cells in a spatiotemporally controlled fashion is a major limiting factor in designing these artificial carriers. Although several intracellular release strategies have been employed, including low pH, high enzyme concentration, and redox materials inside the cells, the use of light as an external stimulus represents a unique siteand time-specific means of unloading DNA. As such, photosensitive synthetic DNA carriers will provide new directions for gene delivery owing to the potential for versatile and facile chemical modifications and the modularity of the carrier–DNA complex. As a highly orthogonal external stimulus, photochemical processes enjoy wide use in surface patterning, advanced materials, biochemistry, and drug-delivery systems. Light-regulated methods uniquely limit the resultant biological effects to the illuminated areas with temporal control. For example, biologically active molecules can be modified with photosensitive groups to be essentially bioinert; they can then be reactivated by photointervention. Such caged compounds have shown tremendous applications in chemical
Search results presentation and interface design: A comparative evaluation study of five web search engines in Arabic language

An evaluation study performed in Arabic language on the five web search engines Araby, Ayna, Google, MSN and Yahoo aimed to compare how good these search engines can satisfy the information needs of native Arab users on the internet in their mother tongue. The top ten search results for fifty randomly selected search queries and the descriptions of these results in the search results list were evaluated by independent jurors on a web information retrieval basis. Comparing the relevance of results descriptions presented by each search engine and the relevance of the search results themselves, a big difference was found between search results and their descriptions for all tested engines. Six usability aspects of the tested search engines where also evaluated from the jurors' perspective. Google reached the higher usability evaluation score followed by Yahoo then MSN. The two native Arabic search engines Araby and Ayna seemed to be less accepted by participated Arab internet users.
mRNA sequence features that contribute to translational regulation in Arabidopsis

DNA microarrays were used to evaluate the regulation of the proportion of individual mRNA species in polysomal complexes in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under control growth conditions and following a mild dehydration stress (DS). The analysis determined that the percentage of an individual gene transcript in polysomes (ribosome loading) ranged from over 95 to <5%. DS caused a decrease in ribosome loading from 82 to 72%, with maintained polysome association for over 60% of the mRNAs with an increased abundance. To identify sequence features responsible for translational regulation, ribosome loading values and features of full-length mRNA sequences were compared. mRNAs with extreme length or high GU content in the 5′-untranslated regions (5′-UTRs) were generally poorly translated. Under DS, mRNAs with both a high GC content in the 5′-UTR and long open reading frame showed a significant impairment in ribosome loading. Evaluation of initiation A+1UG codon context revealed distinctions in the frequency of adenine in nucleotides −10 to −1 (especially at −4 and −3) in mRNAs with different ribosome loading values. Notably, the mRNA features that contribute to translational regulation could not fully explain the variation in ribosome loading, indicating that additional factors contribute to translational regulation in Arabidopsis.
Analysis and Design Complex and Large Data Base using MySQL Workbench

This study will be demonstrated on how to conduct analysis and design in building a large and complex data base. The data in this study originated from the Attachment to the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration (Kepmenakertrans) No. 250/MEN/XII/2008, namely the attachment of AF, which consists of 800 tables of data. Due to the large data base which will be formed because so many tables involved then the process is required the normalization process (functional dependence, Normal Normal First, Second, Third and Boyce-Codd) in forming a good database that can later be used for purposes further, for example, form a management information system and so forth.In the process DBMS MySQL and MySQL Workbench is a tool used to facilitate this process in shaping the Entity relational diagram. By utilizing these tools will help data base engineer in designing a good and normal data base. It is expected that the formulation of the data base will be used as a standard in designing applications of manpower information systems across the provinces in Indonesia.
Disturbance observer-based robust control for underwater robotic systems with passive joints

Underwater robotic vehicles (URV) have been employed for mobility, and robot manipulators attached to the underwater vehicle play the role of manipulation. URV motions are determined by inherent dynamic couplings between active and passive joints. Furthermore, the control problem becomes complex since there should be considered many hydrodynamic terms as well as intrinsic model uncertainties. To cope with these difficulties, we propose a disturbance observer-based robust control algorithm for underwater manipulators with passive joints. The proposed control algorithm is able to treat an underactuated system as a pseudo-active system in which passive joints are eliminated. Also, to realize a robust control method, a nonlinear feedback disturbance observer is applied to each active joint. A four-jointed underwater robotic system with one passive joint is considered as an illustrative example. Through simulation, it is shown that the proposed control algorithm has good position tracking performances even in the presence of several external disturbances and model uncertainties.
Chalcogenide glass 1D photonic bandgap hollow fiber

We propose a chalcogenide glass 1-D photonic bandgap (PBG) hollow fiber for the transmission of mid-IR radiation. Its structure consists of an air-core surrounded by alternating rings of high and low refractive index chalcogenide glass supported by a thick polymer coating. Theoretical calculations demonstrate the potential to achieve low transmission losses at 10.6 μm for the HE11 mode. These calculations indicate that the chalcogenide glasses used in the PBG structure should have high index contrast and low extinction coefficients to minimize transmission losses. We present preliminary results of our ongoing efforts to identify a pair of chalcogenide glasses that meet this criterion. A strategy is developed for the fabrication of a drawable chalcogenide glass 1-D PBG hollow fiber preform.
2 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine basic components in life

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are small subpopulations of neoplastic cells within a tumor, which have self-renewal and differentiation abilities and could generate new tumors with few cells. Researches have showed that CSCs are considered the most likely reason for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Accumulating evidences have showed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant effect on CSCs. It could inhibit the proliferation, self-renew, and multidifferentiation of CSCs.We aimed to summarize the theories of CSCs in TCM, the inhibitory effect, and the pathway on CSCs of TCM. This review will provide potential new strategies and alternative perspectives for CSCs treatments and basic research into complementary and alternative medicine.
Error characterization of flight trajectories reconstructed using Structure from Motion

This research assesses the accuracy of Structure from Motion algorithms in replicating aircraft flight trajectories in real world coordinate systems. Structure from Motion techniques can be used to estimate aircraft trajectory and attitude by estimating the position and pose of a camera mounted on the airframe from a series of images taken with that camera. The scale and coordinate systems associated with these pose estimates are arbitrary but can be tied to a real world coordinate system and scale with knowledge of terrain features or aircraft INU/GPS measurements. As a result, Structure from Motion techniques hold great promise for use in image based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM); however, the error associated with these techniques must be understood for incorporation into a robust navigation system. The error in the Structure from Motion trajectory reconstruction is affected by feature matching methods, camera geometry and algorithm parameters as well as the method used to convert from reconstruction coordinates to real world coordinates. Methods of using inertial and geographic measurement data to associate a scale and real world coordinate system with the trajectory estimates are developed and compared. The reconstructed flight trajectory output by Structure from Motion is compared to the actual flight trajectory to characterize errors using both simulation and flight test data in a variety of flight regimes.
A Generalized Definition of Rough Approximations Based on Similarity

This paper proposes new definitions of lower and upper approximations, which are basic concepts of the rough set theory. These definitions follow naturally from the concept of ambiguity introduced in this paper. The new definitions are compared to the classical definitions and are shown to be more general, in the sense that they are the only ones which can be used for any type of indiscernibility or similarity relation.
Overcoming Software Fragility with Interacting Feedback Loops and Reversible Phase Transitions

Programs are fragile for many reasons, including software errors, partial failures, and network problems. One way to make software more robust is to design it from the start as a set of interacting feedback loops. Studying and using feedback loops is an old idea that dates back at least to Norbert Wiener's work on Cybernetics. Up to now almost all work in this area has focused on how to optimize single feedback loops. We show that it is important to design software with multiple interacting feedback loops. We present examples taken from both biology and software to substantiate this. We are realizing these ideas in the SELFMAN project: extending structured overlay networks (a generalization of peer-to-peer networks) for large-scale distributed applications. Structured overlay networks are a good example of systems designed with interacting feedback loops. Using ideas from physics, we postulate that these systems can potentially handle extremely hostile environments. If the system is properly designed, it will perform a reversible phase transition when the node failure rate increases beyond a critical point. The structured overlay network will make a transition from a single connected ring to a set of disjoint rings and back again when the failure rate decreases. We are exploring how to expose this phase transition to the application so that it can continue to provide a service. For validation we are building three realistic applications taken from industrial case studies, using a distributed transaction layer built on top of the overlay. Finally, we propose a research agenda to create a practical design methodology for building systems based on the use of interacting feedback loops and reversible phase transitions.