Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘You can see both sides of the coin’ how the pursuit of language skills influences the travel experience

ABSTRACT This study aims to understand how the pursuit of language skills influences the travel experience of those who travel with language learning goals as a primary or secondary motivation. Based on a review of the literature on language tourism and learning through travel, qualitative interviews were carried out with a heterogeneous sample of participants to capture common patterns in their experiences. Analysis of the responses suggested that participants’ language travel experiences were influenced by their pursuit of language skills in two main ways: by their communication ability in the host language; and by their process of striving to improve their language skills. This process frequently places them in environments where they could gain more contact with the locals, and a deeper understanding of local culture.
Education–Occupation Mismatch and Its Wage Penalties in Informal Employment in Thailand

This study examines the incidence of vertical mismatch among formal and informal workers in Thailand. Using the 2011, 2013, and 2015 Thailand Household Socio-economic Surveys, the study analyzes the relationship between vertical mismatch and wage penalties and premiums across four types of workers: formal government, formal private firm, informal private firm, and informal own-account workers. The incidence of overeducation is modest among the oldest cohort (8.7%) but prevalent among the youngest cohort (29.3%). Government employees face the highest overeducation wage penalties (28.2%) compared to matched workers, while in private firms, informal workers have consistently higher overeducation wage penalties than formal workers. Educated young workers are increasingly absorbed into low-skill informal work in private firms and face large overeducation wage penalties. The inability of many young workers to capitalize on their educational investments in Thailand's formal labor market is a concern for future education and employment policy development in Thailand.
Utilizing Framing Theory to Design More Effective Health Messages about Tanning Behavior among College Women

ABSTRACT Rates of skin cancer among young women are increasing and most cases are associated with tanning behavior. In health communication, scholars and practitioners use framing as a strategy to design persuasive messages. In this experiment, we advance framing research by testing a serial model of framing theory in the context of outdoor tanning behavior among collegiate women. We designed two message frames, language difficulty, and message relevance, to target accessibility and applicability, two mechanisms within framing theory. We deployed these frames in a 2 × 2 experimental design and found that message frames that promoted accessibility and applicability significantly increased perceptions of severity, susceptibility, and reduced behavioral intentions to tan. Our results support framing theory and provide practical implications for message designers who use frames to inform and persuade.
Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

Abstract In animal communication systems, individuals that detect a cue (i.e., “receivers”) are often influenced by characteristics of the cue emitter. For instance, in many species, receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing disturbance. These chemical “disturbance cues” appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger, such as a predator’s approach. While the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored, by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some species. If so, the content (quality) and volume (quantity) of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues, thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and respond. Guppies Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors, but dietary variation has yet to be explored. In this study, we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters (i.e., experimental “donors”). Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments, responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet (Experiment 1), as well as an overall larger diet (Experiment 2). We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation, with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality diet. Therefore, diet, and perhaps protein specifically, affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by guppies. Such variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.
Determination of Auroral Electrodynamic Parameters From AMPERE Field‐Aligned Current Measurements

We calculate high latitude electrodynamic parameters using global maps of field‐aligned currents from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Response Experiment (AMPERE). The model is based on previous studies that relate field‐aligned currents to auroral Pedersen and Hall conductances measured by incoherent scatter radar. The field‐aligned currents and conductances are used to solve for the electric potential at high latitudes from which electric fields are computed. The electric fields are then used with the conductances to calculate horizontal ionospheric currents. We validate the results by simulating the SuperMAG magnetic indices for 30 geomagnetically active days. The correlation coefficients between derived and actual magnetic indices were 0.68, 0.76, and 0.84 for the SMU, SML, and SME indices, respectively. We show examples of times when the simulations differ markedly from the measured indices and attribute them to either small‐scale, substorm‐related current structures or the effects of neutral winds. Overall, the performance of the model demonstrates that with few exceptions, auroral electrodynamic parameters can be accurately deduced from the global field‐aligned current distribution provided by AMPERE.
Tuberculosis and Its Predictors in Pakistani Population Transmission Dynamics and Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium

Drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) is biggest growing global health concern affecting 10 million people globally with 1.2 million deaths recently. TB is a highly contagious disease predominant infecting lungs. Inappropriate health care management system poor implementation on standard remains some reasons contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, in the present context two types of tuberculosis are identified, in which the mycobacterium is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin called as multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the other one is known as XDR-TB in which along with isoniazid and rifampin, resistance to at least one fluoroquinolone drug family and any of the second line drugs like amikacin, capreomycin, kanamycin occurs. There is a need of collecting data for frequency of occurrence of these resistant varieties for proper control and management of the disease. Thus, the current study focused on transmission dynamics and status of occurrence of drug resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Pakistani population. The occurrence of TB bacteria in the patients of Pakistani population was tested by all three types of diagnostic methods. Smear sputum test, genetic profiling by GeneXpert test and drug susceptibility test by cultural growth on solid and liquid media was performed. The results showed that smear test of 72.9% patient were tested positive, while MTBC complex was detected in 100% patients with a variable bacterial load. The cultural growth on liquid media 83.2% while 16.8% were contaminated strains. However, in solid media 60.4% population growth was detected with 21.9% contamination. The Pakistani population was resistant against RIF is large majority while XDR and MDR resistance are not quit significant. A large number of antibiotics showed appreciable effectiveness against tuberculosis where amikacin was the most effective with Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Levofloxacin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin and Oxfloxacin being effective in decreasing order.
Heat transfer and discharge coefficient effects of jet impingement on a surface with hemispherical and teardrop shaped bumps

Jet impingement is among the most effective methods of enhancing heat transfer in practical applications, enabling high heat transfer coefficients without the high pressure losses associated with flow through turbulated channels. The gas turbine industry is interested in combining jet impingement with dimpled and bumped plates as a method of improving heat transfer, enabling greater efficiency. This study investigates the average effects on heat transfer and discharge coefficients (Cd) created by arrays of jets impinging on target surfaces with hemispherical or teardrop shaped bumps using heated copper plates with embedded thermocouples. Reynolds number (Re) ranged from 5000 to 20,000 and 5000 to 26,000 for heat transfer and Cd tests, respectively, for all configurations. The jet pitch-to-diameter ratio x/d ranged between 3.3 and 12 and the jet exit-to-target-plate spacing ratio (z/d) ranged from 2 to 5 for all configurations. Additional Re and z/d values were tested for various configurations in order to fully quantify trends. The effects of spent air discharging in multiple directions was also analyzed. Depending on configuration, impinging on the bumped plates produced minor increases, no change, or a reduction in heat transfer compared to the baseline smooth plate depending on configuration. However, when accounting for the increase in surface area associated with the bumped plates, heat transfer was universally improved. Heat transfer was found to be quadratically related to Re and z/d and exponentially related to x/d. Spent air flow had minimal effect on heat transfer except for the x/d=12 configuration. Discharge coefficients were found to be either unaffected or only marginally affected by plate geometry. Cd was found to be independent of z/d for z/d greater than or equal to 2. Although Re and x/d have an effect on Cd, there is no clear relationship between these parameters. Overall, a jet array with x/d=6.6 and z/d=5 impinging directly on every other bump of the hemispherical target plate produced the greatest improvement in heat transfer over the baseline smooth plate, but at the expense of slightly lower Cd values. Overall, jet impingement on bumped surfaces provides an improvement in heat transfer with a small decrease in Cd.
Influence of butanol addition on the CI engine performance fuelled with treated waste engine oil

ABSTRACT Treated waste engine oil can be utilized as compression ignition fuel. An experimental study has been performed to overcome the limitations in fueling treated waste engine oil into diesel engine as fuel, by the addition of butanol, modification of nozzle opening pressure, fuel injection timing, and intake air temperature. Butanol (0-50% by volume) was blended with treated waste engine oil and tested for properties and the found properties were compared to diesel. Butanol used was produced from vegetable waste by recycling. This blend was tested in a direct injection compression ignition engine for various load conditions by modifying the engine operating parameters such as nozzle opening pressure, fuel injection timing, and intake air temperature for performance. The optimal level of these parameters (210 bar of nozzle opening pressure, 29ᵒ before the top dead center of fuel injection timing, and 100ᵒ C of intake air temperature) to fuel 50% treated waste engine oil and 50% butanol and were obtained by using the L9 orthogonal array and the Taguchi method. The brake thermal efficiency, ignition delay, emissions of smoke, and oxides of nitrogen produced by this blend was found to be closer to that of diesel at rated power condition.
High-Fidelity Patient Simulation Incorporated Into a Flipped Classroom Improves Students' Long-Term Knowledge Retention of Acute Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning

Introduction The flipped classroom (FC) approach and high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) training have shown promising effects in short-term acquisition or long-term retention of knowledge in medical education. In this study, we aimed to explore the incorporation of HFPS into the FC and the impact on the long-term (3 months after classes) knowledge retention of medical undergraduate students learning about acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). Methods Eighty-two fifth-year medical students were randomly divided into an HFPS group (HG, n = 40) and an FC group (FG, n = 42). A postclass quiz and preinternship quiz were performed to assess the short-term knowledge acquisition and long-term (3 months after classes) knowledge retention of both groups of students. Feedback questionnaires were administered immediately after the class and before the internship to assess the students' self-perceived competency. Results In the postclass quiz, the scores achieved by the students from the HG and FG were 15.58 ± 2.69 and 14.62 ± 2.19, respectively. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P = 0.19). In the preinternship quiz, the scores achieved by the students from the HG (14.50 ± 2.16) were significantly higher than those achieved by the students from the FG (11.40 ± 2.07, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the postclass quiz and preinternship quiz scores achieved by the HG students (P = 0.05). However, scores in the preinternship quiz showed a significant decline compared with the postclass quiz for the FG students (P < 0.001). Students in the HG gave significantly higher scores for self-perceived confidence in dealing with AOPP patients in the forthcoming internship on the postclass and preinternship questionnaires. Conclusions The incorporation of HFPS into the FC approach could improve students' long-term knowledge retention of AOPP and enhance their confidence in caring for these patients in their internship.
EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF HOUSEHOLD STORMWATER DETENTION SYSTEM

This paper describes the evaluation of water storing capacity of a household stormwater detention system based on field data . Collection of field data is often sidelined due to the cost and human capital incurred. However, the true value of field data is demonstrated here by comparing the observed and design data. A field test is completed in a real-life terrace house, utilizing the house’s 95m side canopy as roof catchment and 4 . 40m x 4.70m car porch area to station a detention tank. Precast concrete modular units with 3.9m effective storage volume are assembled within the tank. Downpipe with 0.1m diameter is installed to connect the roof gutter to the detention tank; while pipeline with 0.05m diameter is installed as the outlet from tank to the house perimeter drain. The mentioned setup is subjected to actual rainfalls from December 2019 till February 2020 that corresponded with the peak of Northeast Monsoon season . Ten observed storm events with peak hourly total rainfall readings ranging from 22 to 48mm are selected for analysis. Rainfall and water level readings from the field test allow the derivation of roof runoff volume and detained water volume in the tank . It is found that the household stormwater detention system is able to capture about 50% of the roof runoff. However, the current setup is found to cause flooding for rainfall over 40mm . The flooding issue, however, is undetected by the design data that underestimated the water storing capacity. This is due to the use of uncommon precast concrete modular units that may not have its flow characteristics represented by existing formula and model . No matter how uncommon the modular units be, various types and forms of stormwater detention system are becoming the new normal in the industry and field test is the best tool to validate their performances .
Call centre agents’ emotional intelligence as predicators of their exhaustion and professional efficacy: The moderating effect of meaningfulness

Copyright: © 2021. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. Introduction The call centre work that typifies the digital revolution requires high levels of sustained interpersonal interaction with customers, which has led to high levels of exhaustion and employee withdrawal (Anwar & Graham, 2019). Call centres in Africa have become notorious for having the highest attrition rate of any industry (Frost & Sullivan, 2018). The levels of exhaustion stem from requiring to deal with challenging and frustrated customers (Shkoler & Tziner, 2017). The emotional outbursts accompanied by irritability and anger are considered the main reasons for declining performance (Frost & Sullivan, 2018). Exhaustion and fatigue are evident in these work environments that lead to a decreased level of organisational commitment (Shkoler & Tziner, 2017). Changes in call centre agents’ behaviour include a reduced sense of professional efficacy which is characterised by low morale and an inability to cope (Frost & Sullivan, 2018).
Sentinel-1 snow depth retrieval at sub-kilometer resolution over the
European Alps

Abstract. Seasonal snow in mountain regions is an essential water resource. However, the spatio-temporal variability in mountain snow depth or snow water equivalent (SWE) from regional to global scales is not well understood due to the lack of high-resolution satellite observations and robust retrieval algorithms. We demonstrate the ability of the Sentinel-1 mission to monitor weekly snow depth at sub-kilometer (100 m, 300 m and 1 km) resolutions over the European Alps, for 2017–2019. Sentinel-1 backscatter observations, especially for the cross-polarization channel, show a high correlation with regional model simulations of snow depth over Austria and Switzerland. The observed changes in radar backscatter with the accumulation or ablation of snow are used in a change detection algorithm to retrieve snow depth. The algorithm includes the detection of dry and wet snow conditions. For dry snow conditions, the 1 km Sentinel-1 retrievals have a spatio-temporal correlation (R) of 0.87 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.17 m compared to in situ measurements across 743 sites in the European Alps. A slight reduction in performance is observed for the retrievals at 300 m (R = 0.85 and MAE = 0.18 m) and 100 m (R = 0.79 and MAE = 0.21 m). The results demonstrate the ability of Sentinel-1 to provide regional snow estimates at an unprecedented resolution in mountainous regions, where satellite-based estimates of snow mass are currently lacking. The retrievals can improve our knowledge of seasonal snow mass in areas with complex topography and benefit a number of applications, such as water resources management, flood forecasting and numerical weather prediction.
Ion Exchange Separations of Nitrosyl Complexes of Ruthenium in Hydrochloric Acid

Elut ions of nitrosyl ruthenium chloro complexes on an ion exchange resin are performed using HCl as the eluent. At least 6 different species are shown to be present, in experiments carried out at low temperature. An explanation is suggested for this phenomenon in terms of possible stereoisomerism. At elevated temperature equilibrium between these complexes is rapid, and a separation is shown to be feasible between Ru and several, if not all, fission products in a mixture, requiring not more than 2 ' /2 hrs.
Probabilistic Audits and Misreporting – the Influence of Audit Process Design on Employee Behavior

We investigate how the design of audit processes influences employees’ reporting decisions. We focus specifically on detective employee audits for which several employees are randomly selected after a defined period to audit their ex-post behavior. We investigate two design features of the audit process, namely, employee anonymity and process transparency, and analyze their impact on misreporting. Overall, we find that both components influence the extent of individuals’ misreporting. A nonanonymous audit decreases performance misreporting more than an audit in which the employee remains anonymous. Furthermore, the high incidence of performance misreporting in the case of anonymous audits can be decreased when the process transparency is low. Thus, our study informs accountants about how the two design features of employee anonymity and transparency of the audit process can be used to constrain performance misreporting to increase the efficiency of audits.
Daily activity rhythms, chronotypes, and risk-taking behavior in the signal crayfish

Abstract Consistent inter-individual differences in daily activity rhythms (i.e., chronotypes) can have ecological consequences in determining access to food resources and avoidance of predators. The most common measure to characterize chronotypes in animals as well as humans is the onset of activity (i.e., early or late chronotypes). However, daily activity rhythms may also differ in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods. Moreover, chronotypes may also be linked to other consistent inter-individual differences in behavior (i.e., personality), such as the propensity to take risks. Here, we used the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus to test the presence of chronotypes and risk-taking personality traits and a potential behavioral syndrome between these traits. We first exposed crayfish to 5 days of light–darkness to measure daily activity rhythms and then we applied a visual predator-simulating stimulus in 2 different contexts (neutral and food). Our results showed consistent (i.e., across 5 days) inter-individual differences in the relative nocturnal activity displayed in the early and middle, but not in the late part of darkness hours. Moreover, while crayfish displayed inter-individual differences in risk-taking behavior, these were not found to be consistent across 2 contexts. Therefore, we were not able to formally test a behavioral syndrome between these 2 traits. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence of chronotypes in the relative amount of activity displayed at particular time periods. This could be a valuable information for applied ecological aspects related to the signal crayfish, which is a major invasive species of freshwater ecosystems.
The Effect of Integrative Counselling on Psychological Well-Being in Adult Patients with Cancer: A Mixed Methods Study

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to (1) investigate the effectiveness of short-term integrative counselling on the psychological well-being of adult patients with cancer and (2) explore their reported experience of receiving integrative counselling. Design: A mixed-methods embedded design was used to compare psychological well-being in two groups of patients with cancer; one group (n = 15) received 6–9 weekly, hour-long sessions of integrative counselling, and the other group (n = 16) were on the wait list. Methods: Pre and post-intervention symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression and levels of self-esteem were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The counselling group also answered an open-ended qualitative question with the posttest measures about changes they experienced through having had counselling. Results: In the counselling group, there were substantial and statistically significant improvements in symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression, and levels of self-esteem. No significant changes were observed in the wait list group. Three themes of change experienced through counselling were identified in the qualitative data: Acceptance, Self-Awareness, and Moving Forward. Conclusion: Short-term integrative counselling is an effective therapeutic intervention for improving psychological well-being in adult patients with cancer.