Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sacral Prosthesis Substitution as a System of Spinopelvic Reconstruction After Total Sacrectomy: Assessment Using the Finite Element Method

Background Following total sacrectomy, the continuity between the spine and pelvis is necessary for ambulation and to enable patients to resume daily living activities sooner during rehabilitation. Reconstructing spinopelvic stability after a total sacrectomy is a challenge that has not yet been overcome. Thus, the objectives of the present study are as follows: Establish a new system of reconstructing the spinopelvic region after a total sacrectomy using a rapid prototyping technique to design the sacral replacement pieces. Evaluate the biomechanical properties of this system. Study a new reconstruction system for the spinopelvic joint that reduces reconstruction failures after total sacrectomy, reducing postoperative complications and allowing early sitting and standing of these patients. Methods A sacral replacement implant was designed according to an authentic clinical case of a patient who had undergone a total sacrectomy. Using the finite element method, a biomechanical study was carried of 2 reconstructions that had been performed using the new prosthetic. The results of the study were compared with 4 other reconstruction models. Results A maximum von Mises stress of 112 MPa and a vertical displacement of −0.13 mm in L5 were observed in the models of the sacral implant that had been generated. A maximum rigidity of 861.5 Nm/mm was observed in the models when assuming a reduction in rigidity of more than 85% with respect to the other models assessed. In all models, maximum tension was concentrated in the rods joining L5 with the screws anchored to the pelvis. Conclusions The sacral prosthesis substitution after a total sacrectomy produced a profound reduction in stress in the instrumentation and the bone structure as well as smaller vertical displacement, the lowest values ever reported. These results indicated that the assembly was rigid and stable and would prevent the collapse of the spine in the pelvis. According to stress values, the replacement piece was not likely to rupture as a consequence of static load or implant fatigue. Level of Evidence 5.
Cross-correlation based performance measures for characterizing the influence of in-vehicle interfaces on driving and cognitive workload

Driving is a cognitively loading task which requires drivers' full attention and coordination of both mind and body. However, drivers often engage in side activities which can negatively impact safety. A typical approach for analyzing the influences of side activities on driving is to conduct experiments in which various driving performance measures are collected, such as steering wheel angle and lane position. Those measures are then transformed, typically using means and variances, before being analyzed statistically. However, the problem is that those transformations perform averaging of the acquired data, which can result in missing short, but important events (such as glances directed off-road). As a consequence, statistically significant differences may not be observed between the tested conditions. Nevertheless, just because the influences of in-vehicle interactions do not show in the averages, it does not mean that they do not exist or should be neglected, especially if the nature of the interactions is such that they can be performed frequently (for example, with an infotainment system). This can create a false conclusion about the lack of influence of the tested side activity on driving. The main contribution of this research is in developing two new performance measures inspired by the mathematical function of cross-correlation: one which evaluates the cumulative effect and the other which evaluates the effects of individual instances of in-vehicle interactions on driving and cognitive load. The results from three driving simulator studies demonstrate that our cumulative measure provides more sensitivity to the effects of in-vehicle interactions, even when they are not detected through average-based measures. Additionally, our instance-based measure provides a low-level insight into the nature of the influence of individual in-vehicle interactions. Both measures produce results that can be ranked, which allows determining the relative size of the effect that various in-vehicle interactions have on driving. Finally, we demonstrate a set of variables which can be used for predicting the cumulative and instance-based results. This predictive ability is important, because it may allow obtaining quick simulation results without performing actual experiments, which can be used in the early stages of an interface or experiment design process.
A Qualitative Study On Nutrition Of Turkish Seafarers

ii ÖZET . iii CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . v LIST OF FIGURES . vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION . vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Nutrition . 5 1.1.1 Energy Food Items and Its Components. 7 1.1.2 Carbonydrates . 9 1.1.3 Proteins . 9 1.1. 4 Fats . 9 1.1. 5 Vitamins and Minerals . 11 1.2 Calorie . 14 1.3 Food Storage onboard for a Healthy Life. 24 CHAPTER 2: PORTIONS OF THE MEALS . 25 2.1 Seafarer’s Daily Portion . 25 2.2 The Nutrition of Workers at Work . 25 2.3 Menu Planning . 26 2.4 Mass Feeding System and Its Importance . 28 2.5 Purchasing and Storing Food . 29 2.6 Healthy Eating Index . 30 CHAPTER 3: QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY. 32 3.1 Data Collection Method . 32 3.2 Preparation and Implementation of the Questionnaire . 32 3.3 Reliability of Questionnaire . 32 3.4 Demographics of Respondents . 33 3.5 The amount of Water drank daily . 35 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 46 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS . 47 REFERENCES . 48 APPENDIX . 51
USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN GORA AREA

offer the possibility of a wide multidisciplinary and multisectoral implementation of technology through creative and innovative activity. It is impossible to imagine modern and advanced technology without the support of knowledge, thus it is necessary to increase the number of experts who will be trained in the field of ICT and will impact to digital literacy and digital enhancing awareness among the population of Gora. To improve information security in all forms ICT application is one of the preconditions for the creation of a sustainable information society. ICT development is very rapid and its impact on all spheres of life and changes in the world economy have created more demanding environmental conditions in which we live and do business, forced the necessity of the application and development of information and communication technologies. A large number of individuals is on the wrong side of the digital divide and is not digitally literate to take advantages of ICT, no matter that huge amount of money is invested in infrastructure development and improvement of system. Professional staff is essential at all levels in order to create information literate society.
Parallel interactive delayed attention network for pansharpening

ABSTRACT As deep learning has gained wide attention in computer vision tasks, researchers have also started to explore the application of deep learning in panchromatic sharpening. In recent years, various convolutional neural network-based methods for panchromatic sharpening have been proposed, and these methods have achieved good results. However, shallower networks are unable to learn complex mapping relationships. Networks that are too deep are prone to overfitting, which leads to the degradation of the fusion effect. Moreover, since the convolutional operations are concentrated in local regions, it is difficult to obtain the association information with other regions even in deep networks. Therefore, more accurate feature selection and representation with limited network depth is needed. In this paper, a parallel interactive delayed attention network for panchromatic sharpening (PIDAN) is proposed. The network consists of multiple resolution subnetworks with parallel inputs to improve the representation of high-resolution feature maps by multiscale low-resolution features of the same depth and similar level. In addition, we propose a delayed channel attention module. This module obtains correlations between low-frequency and high-frequency information through adaptive learning, making the network more flexible in processing different types of information. The depth feature reweighting restriction combined with the residual unit can further avoid the overfitting representation of features as the network deepens. Experimental results on Gaofen-2 and WorldView-2 datasets show that the proposed method is competitive in both quality assessment and visual perception.
Towards an Optimised Value Creation Network for Modular Investment Goods

Abstract Companies are under increasing pressure from global competition while at the same they need to offer flexible products to meet individual customer requirements. Therefore, modularised capital goods are designed and manufactured to meet both challenges. This paper presents an approach to identify necessary changes in the production process and summarises the changes in the automotive and aerospace industries due to modularisation. Three key findings are identified: increased outsourcing potential, production in a value creation network with specialised manufacturers and joint investments.
An Eye-Tracking Study to Identify the Most Observed Features in a Physical Prototype of a Tiny House

Abstract This exploratory work aims to understand which elements of a building mostly attract visitors’ attention. An experiment was conducted to allow participants to visit a prototype tiny house while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Identified gazed elements of the prototype were selected and the corresponding dwell times used as variables. The limited dwell times on structural elements show that they can be easily overshadowed by other features present in the building. This leads to a design problem when the novelty and the quality of a new product, markedly a building, reside in the materials used.
Is It Human or Is It Artificial Intelligence? Discerning the Impact and Effectiveness of Process Managers Based on the Manager's Identity

Abstract This work studies the perception of the impacts of AI and human process managers during a complex design task. Although performance and perceptions by teams that are AI- versus human-managed are similar, we show that how team members discern the identity of their process manager (human/AI), impacts their perceptions. They discern the interventions as significantly more helpful and manager sensitive to the needs of the team, if they believe to be managed by a human. Further results provide deeper insights into automating real-time process management and the efficacy of AI to fill that role.
Is Anybody Listening? A Citation Analysis of Healthcare Design Research Articles Published in Design Journals

Abstract Citation is a key metric in academia, and it can help to understand how ideas travel between disciplines. In this article, we report on a citation analysis of forty-four articles identified during a systematic literature review of healthcare design research published in six leading design journals. Using the Web of Science's categorisation of journals, we analyse which disciplines cite these forty-four articles. We find that these articles are much more cited in technology and engineering journals than in health sciences. We discuss these findings and the limitations of the study.
Interaction and Perception of Interaction with 3D Objects during Design Activities

Abstract Post study questionnaires are used in design studies to uncover data about design reasoning and intent. A study was conducted where activities the study participants performed were compared to the participants’ statements about those activities, collected immediately after the study via a questionnaire. The goal was to explore the reliability of post study evaluations. Disagreements between performed and reported activities were identified, and recommendations made to, where possible, include more objective measures of design activity.
Are Confident Designers Good Teammates to Artificial Intelligence?: A Study of Self-Confidence, Competence, and Collaborative Performance

Abstract For successful human-artificial intelligence (AI) collaboration in design, human designers must properly use AI input. Some factors affecting that use are designers’ self-confidence and competence and those variables' impact on reliance on AI. This work studies how designers’ self-confidence before and during teamwork and overall competence are associated with their performance as teammates, measured by AI reliance and overall team score. Results show that designers’ self-confidence and competence have very different impacts on their collaborative performance depending on the accuracy of AI.
Increasing Crop Productivity in an Eco‐Friendly Manner by Improving Sprinkler and Micro‐Irrigation Design and Management: A Review of 20 Years' Research at the IWHR, China

The use of sprinkler and micro‐irrigation has progressed continuously from being a novelty that was employed by researchers to being widely accepted, efficient methods of irrigation for many crops during the past 30–40 years in China. This paper reviews the studies that have been conducted on sprinkler and micro‐irrigation at the WatSave Lab in the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR) over the past two decades. These studies address several areas of concern and provide partial answers to the questions raised during the application and extension of these relatively new irrigation technologies. With the aim of exploring the consumption of sprinkled water that is intercepted by the canopy, the amount of water interception and the losses were quantified, confirming that sprinkler irrigation is an efficient irrigation method. The standards of sprinkler and micro‐irrigation uniformity were studied with respect to many aspects of water and solute dynamics, environmental effects, and crop yield and quality under a wide range of environments from arid to subhumid climates for typical wheat, cotton, maize and vegetable crops. As a result, new target uniformity values have been recommended. Other studies on water, solute and bacterial transport from normal water and sewage effluent can also be useful in the design, operation, maintenance and management of irrigation systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey of Model-Based Design Reviews: Practices & Challenges?

Abstract The design of large-scale engineered systems relies on the extensive use of models. Although there are few papers that study design review practices, we did not find any on model-based design reviews. Thus, we undertook a survey to collect current practices and challenges. We found that reviews are mainly synchronous co-located or remote meetings that involve various profiles who need to access and share models, but that they pragmatically give them up and prefer to comment on PowerPoint-like slides containing screenshots of models except when the meeting gathers only experts in model-based design.
A Designers' Perspective on Additive Manufactured Smart Wearables for Paediatric Habilitation

Abstract The aim of the paper is to identify from the perspective of designers, what is required to optimally design smart habilitation devices for additive manufacturing, whilst ensuring a high quality multi-user experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with designers to identify the key requirements to develop such devices. The outcome of this study will provide a preliminary framework for designers to take advantage of the state-of-the-art of design for additive manufacturing in order to meet the expectations of multiple users of smart devices for pediatric occupational therapy.
Investigating Triple Process Theory in Design Protocols

Abstract This study presents a coding scheme for design protocols that is derived from Triple Process Theory postulating the existence of three categories of cognitive processes: spontaneous, deliberate, and metacognitive. We applied the coding scheme to think-aloud protocols of designers engaged in an open design task. Results show that all three types occur during designing. The scheme we propose has the potential to ground accounts of Triple Process Theory for design in empirical studies. We explore the relation between design sessions outcomes and shifts between cognitive processes.
Sensitivity of the Horizontal Scale of Convective Self‐Aggregation to Sea Surface Temperature in Radiative Convective Equilibrium Experiments Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model

We conduct radiative convection equilibrium experiments using a global nonhydrostatic model to investigate the dependence of convective self‐aggregation (CSA) on domain size and sea surface temperature (SST). We use a spherical domain with radii varying from 1 to 1/16 of Earth's radius, as well as SSTs between 290 and 310 K. A single aggregation occurs at small domain sizes, whereas multiple aggregations emerge at sufficiently large domain sizes. Domain‐averaged atmospheric temperature and humidity gradually increase with domain size until they reach convergence in cases of multiple aggregations. As domain size increases, surface wind speed increases, and the boundary layer becomes more humid. Because the radiative cooling in the free atmosphere also converges in cases of multiple aggregations, the surface evaporation must be limited due to the constraint of the energy balance. Thus, the convective region shifts from single to multiple aggregations to avoid increasing the surface wind speed. Our results show that the dependence of the horizontal scale of CSA on SST is not monotonic. This dependency is closely related to changes in the structure of the detrainment from the convective region at the melting level, resulting in enhanced radiative cooling at the top of the boundary layer near the convective region for cooler and warmer SSTs. This change in the circulation structure leads to increased surface wind speed with increasing domain size. This process affects the non‐monotonic dependence of the horizontal scale of CSA on SST.
Laparoscopy has better performance than laparotomy in the treatment of stable penetrating abdominal trauma: A retrospective cross‐sectional study in a trauma referral hospital in Colombia

Abdominal trauma is one of the leading causes of death. In Colombia, few studies have evaluated the results on related factors and outcomes when comparing laparotomy versus laparoscopy in the management of penetrating abdominal trauma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy in the treatment of stable penetrating abdominal trauma in a limited resources environment in a middle‐income country.
Contrasting parental roles shape sex differences in poison frog space use but not navigational performance

Sex differences in vertebrate spatial abilities are typically interpreted under the adaptive specialization hypothesis, which posits that male reproductive success is linked to larger home ranges and better navigational skills. The androgen spillover hypothesis counters that enhanced male spatial performance may be a byproduct of higher androgen levels. Animal groups that include species where females are expected to outperform males based on life-history traits are key for disentangling these hypotheses. We investigated the association between sex differences in reproductive strategies, spatial behavior, and androgen levels in three species of poison frogs. We tracked individuals in natural environments to show that contrasting parental sex roles shape sex differences in space use, where the sex performing parental duties shows wider-ranging movements. We then translocated frogs from their home areas to test their navigational performance and found that the caring sex outperformed the non-caring sex only in one out of three species. In addition, males across species displayed more explorative behavior than females. Furthermore, androgen levels correlated with explorative behavior and homing accuracy. Our findings suggest that poison frog reproductive strategies shape space use patterns but not navigational performance, providing counterevidence to the prevailing view of adaptive sex differences in spatial abilities.
Artificially stimulating retrotransposon activity increases mortality and accelerates a subset of aging phenotypes in Drosophila

Transposable elements (TE) are mobile sequences of DNA that can become transcriptionally active as an animal ages. Whether TE activity is simply a byproduct of heterochromatin breakdown or can contribute towards the aging process is not known. Here we place the TE gypsy under the control of the UAS GAL4 system to model TE activation during aging. We find that increased TE activity shortens the lifespan of male D. melanogaster. The effect is only apparent in middle aged animals. The increase in mortality is not seen in young animals. An intact reverse transcriptase is necessary for the decrease in lifespan implicating a DNA mediated process in the effect. The decline in lifespan in the active gypsy flies is accompanied by the acceleration of a subset of aging phenotypes. TE activity increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and promotes a decline in circadian rhythmicity. The overexpression of the Forkhead-box O family (FOXO) stress response transcription factor can partially rescue the detrimental effects of increased TE activity on lifespan. Our results provide evidence that active TEs can behave as effectors in the aging process and suggest a potential novel role for dFOXO in its promotion of longevity in D. melanogaster.
Maturational Indices of the Cognitive Control Network Are Associated with Inhibitory Control in Early Childhood

Goal-directed behavior crucially relies on our capacity to suppress impulses and predominant behavioral responses. This ability, called inhibitory control, emerges in early childhood with marked improvements between 3 and 4 years. Here, we ask which brain structures are related to the emergence of this critical ability. Using a multimodal approach, we relate the pronounced behavioral improvements in different facets of 3- and 4-year-olds' (N = 37, 20 female) inhibitory control to structural indices of maturation in the developing brain assessed with MRI. Our results show that cortical and subcortical structure of core regions in the adult cognitive control network, including the PFC, thalamus, and the inferior parietal cortices, is associated with early inhibitory functioning in preschool children. Probabilistic tractography revealed an association of frontoparietal (i.e., the superior longitudinal fascicle) and thalamocortical connections with early inhibitory control. Notably, these associations to brain structure were distinct for different facets of early inhibitory control, often referred to as motivational (“hot”) and cognitive (“cold”) inhibitory control. Our findings thus reveal the structural brain networks and connectivity related to the emergence of this core faculty of human cognition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The capacity to suppress impulses and behavioral responses is crucial for goal-directed behavior. This ability, called inhibitory control, develops between the ages of 3 and 4 years. The factors behind this developmental milestone have been debated intensely for decades; however, the brain structure that underlies the emergence of inhibitory control in early childhood is largely unknown. Here, we relate the pronounced behavioral improvements in inhibitory control between 3 and 4 years with structural brain markers of gray matter and white matter maturation. Using a multimodal approach that combines analyses of cortical surface structure, subcortical structures, and white matter connectivity, our results reveal the structural brain networks and connectivity related to this core faculty of human cognition.