Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An example of an irreducible subfactor of the hyperfinite II1 factor with rational, noninteger index.

One of the most intriguing problems in the theory of subfactors of a given II ̂ factor M is the problem of determining the values that appear äs indices of irreducible subfactors, i.e. to compute the set I(M) = {[M: N~]\NCL M is a subfactor with N'nM = C}, where [M: JV] denotes the Jones' index of the subfactor 7V in M. Jones showed in bis fundamental paper [Jol] that up to 4 the only admissible values are of the form 4 cos -, n ̂ 3, and that all these values are indeed realized äs indices of subfactors of the hyperfinite II x factor R (these subfactors are automatically irreducible, i.e. have trivial relative commutant in R). However, it is still unknown what happens when the index becomes > 4, although various obstructions and examples have been found, which we will describe briefly. Popa showed ([Po4]) that the indices of irreducible subfactors of the hyperfinite II t factor must be norms of possibly infinite graphs, which implies by classical results in graph theory ([Ho], [Sh]) that I(R) has gaps up to 2 -h ]/5. But since any number above 2 +1/5 appears äs the norm of a graph, no further obstructions are obtained in this way. The Situation seems to be quite different in the non-hyperfinite case, where any number > 4 can appear äs an index of an irreducible subfactor of an appropriate II1 factor (whose construction depends a priori on the index value) ([Po 5]). Various examples of irreducible subfactors of R with small indices were constructed by Haagerup and Schou ([HS]), thus realizing a long list of values in I(R). All these examples are obtained by constructing a commuting square ([Pol], [GHJ]) of four finite dimensional C*-algebras C c: D U) u u , A c= B
Bonding and classification of nanolayered ternaray carbides

This thesis presents a theoretical study of bulk materials using ab initio methods based on the density functional theory (DFT). Crystallographic structural phase transformations and phase stability for 5f-dioxides, ABO3 perovskites, and ABO4 compounds have been extensively studied. Different approaches such as static total energy calculations, elastic stability and dynamical stability (phonon calculations) criteria have been used to determine the phase stability. As a special case, the lattice dynamics of solid Xe has been studied as a function of pressure.Dielectric functions and optical constants have been calculated for solar energy cell system CuIn1-xGaxSe2 with concentrations x=0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 as well as for C60, PbWO4 and δ-AlOOH. The absorption coefficient provides information about the optimum solar energy conversion efficiency. We have derived absorption coefficients for a number of compounds. Comparisons between the calculated and experimental dielectric functions and absorption coefficients have been made.The main part of this thesis focuses on the nanolayered ternary compounds M N+1AXN (MAX), where N = 1, 2 or 3, M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group (mostly IIIA and IVA) element, and X is either C and/or N. These ternary carbides and nitrides combine unusual properties of both metals and ceramics. They exhibit high hardness, but fully reversible plasticity, and negligible thermoelectric power. These excellent properties make the MAX phases another new class of materials with versatile technological applications. Our work presents a systematic study of the electronic, bonding, elastic and optical properties of the MAX phases. A new MAX phase-Ti4SiC3, is calculated to be stable, and at the same time also been synthesized by experimentalists. Surface energy calculations have also been performed for the (0001) surface of the Ti-Si-C system. The general relations between the electronic structure and materials properties of the MAX phases have been elaborated in the thesis.
The Method of Normal Forms

Preface Introduction 1 SDOF Autonomous Systems 2 Systems of First-Order Equations 3 Maps 4 Bifurcations of Continuous Systems 5 Forced Oscillations of the Duffing Oscillator 6 Forced Oscillations of SDOF Systems 7 Parametrically Excited Systems 8 MDOF Systems with Quadratic Nonlinearities 9 TDOF Systesm with Cubic Nonlinearities 10 Systems with Quadratic and Cubic Nonlinearities 11 Retarded Systems Bibliography Subject Index
Family influences on child nutritional outcomes in Nairobi's informal settlements

Abstract Background Improving child nutritional status is an important step towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 3 in developing countries. Most child nutrition interventions in these countries remain variably effective because the strategies often target the child's mother/caregiver and give limited attention to other household members. Quantitative studies have identified individual level factors, such as mother and child attributes, influencing child nutritional outcomes. Methods We used a qualitative approach to explore the influence of household members on child feeding, in particular, the roles of grandmothers and fathers, in two Nairobi informal settlements. Using in‐depth interviews, we collected data from mothers of under‐five children, grandmothers, and fathers from the same households. Results Our findings illustrate that poverty is a root cause of poor nutrition. We found that mothers are not the sole decision makers within the household regarding the feeding of their children, as grandmothers appear to play key roles. Even in urban informal settlements, three‐generation households exist and must be taken into account. Fathers, however, are described as providers of food and are rarely involved in decision making around child feeding. Lastly, we illustrate that promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, as recommended by the World Health Organization, is hard to achieve in this community. Conclusions These findings call for a more holistic and inclusive approach for tackling suboptimal feeding in these communities by addressing poverty, targeting both mothers and grandmothers in child nutrition strategies, and promoting environments that support improved feeding practices such as home‐based support for breastfeeding and other baby‐friendly initiatives.
Stability and optimization of structures : generalized sensitivity analysis

Generalized Sensitivity of Nonlinear Elastic Systems. - to Design Sensitivity Analysis. - Methods of Design Sensitivity Analysis. - Imperfection Sensitivity Analysis. - Optimization Methods for Stability Design. - Optimization Under Stability Constraints. - Optimal Structures Under Snapthrough Constraint. - Shape Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms. - Optimal Braced Frames with Coincident Buckling Loads. - Hilltop Branching Point I: Simple Bifurcation. - Hilltop Branching Point II: Multiple Bifurcations. - Hilltop Branching Point III: Degenerate. - Worst and Random Imperfections. - Worst Imperfection: Asymptotic Theory. - Worst Imperfection: Anti-optimization by LP and QP. - Worst Imperfection for Stable Bifurcation. - Random Imperfections: Theory. - Random Imperfections of Elasto-Plastic Solids. - Random Imperfections: Higher-Order Analysis.
Comparative membrane lipidomics of hepatocellular carcinoma cells reveals diacylglycerol and ceramide as key regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and tumor growth

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely associated with aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Nevertheless, how membrane lipid composition is altered in HCC cells with abnormal Wnt signaling remains elusive. Here, by exploiting comprehensive lipidome profiling, we unravel membrane lipid composition of six different HCC cell lines with mutations in components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, leading to differences in their endogenous signaling activity. Among the differentially regulated lipids are diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramide, which were downregulated at the membrane of HCC cells after Wnt3a stimulation. DAG and ceramide enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SNU475 and HepG2 cells. In contrast, depletion of DAG and ceramide suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and significantly impeded the proliferation, tumor growth and in vivo migration capacity of SNU475 and HepG2 cells. This study, by pioneering plasma membrane lipidome profiling in HCC cells, exhibits the remarkable potential of lipids to correct dysregulated signaling pathways in cancer and stop abnormal tumor growth.
Advanced Transport Phenomena: Fluid Mechanics and Convective Transport Processes

1. A preview 2. Basic principles 3. Unidirectional and one-dimensional flow and heat transfer processes 4. An introduction to asymptotic approximations 5. The thin gap approximation - lubrication problems 6. The thin gap approximation - films with a free surface 7. Creeping flow - general properties and solutions for 2D and axisymmetric problems 8. Creeping flow - 3D problems 9. Convection effects and heat transfer for viscous flows 10. Boundary layer theory for laminar flows 11. Heat and mass transfer at large Reynolds number 12. Hydrodynamic stability Appendix A. Governing equations and vector operations in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems Appendix B. Cartesian component notation.
Genome assembly of the acoel flatworm Symsagittifera roscoffensis, a model for research on photosymbiosis

Symsagittifera roscoffensis is a well-known member of the order Acoela that lives in symbiosis with the algae Tetraselmis convolutae during its adult stage. Its natural habitat is the eastern coast of the Atlantic, where at specific locations thousands of individuals can be found lying in large pools on the surface of sand at low tide and in the sandy interstitial web at high tide. As a member of the Acoela it has been used as a proxy for early bilaterian animals; however, its phylogenetic position remains debated. In order to understand the basic structural characteristics of the acoel genome, we sequenced and assembled the genome of aposymbiotic S. roscoffensis. The size of S. roscoffensis genome was measured to be in range 910 - 940 Mb. Sequencing of the genome was performed using PacBio Hi-Fi technology. Hi-C and RNA-seq data were also generated to scaffold and annotate the genome. The resulting assembly is 1.1 Gb large (covering 118% of the estimated genome size) and highly continuous, with N50 scaffold size of 1.04 Mb. The repetitive fraction of the genome is 61%, of which 85% (half of the genome) are LTR retrotransposons. Genome-guided transcriptome assembly identified 34,493 genes, of which 29,351 are protein coding (BUSCO score 97.6%), and 30.2% of genes are spliced leader (SL) trans-spliced. The completeness of this genome suggests that it can be used extensively to characterize gene families and conduct accurate phylogenomic reconstructions. Significance Symsagittifera is a representative of the phylum Acoela, the first offshoot of bilaterian animals. This key phylogenetic position adds an extra value to the knowledge of its genome, since it will inform us on how the genome of a bilaterian ancestor might have looked like. Moreover, Symsagittifera roscoffensis is a model organism used in symbiogenesis research. Host and algae can be cultured independently and, after mixing, the symbiosis can be followed. Symbiogenesis was established early on during the evolution of Metazoa. In spite of its biological relevance, very little is known on the molecular mechanisms that control it. Here the genome of the acoel host should provide us with insights on the first adaptations to symbiogenesis occurring in bilateral animals.
Linking neuronal and hemodynamic network signatures in the resting human brain

Despite several studies investigating the relationship between blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) and neuroelectric activity, our understanding is rather incomplete. For instance, the canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF) is commonly used, regardless of brain region, frequency of electric activity and functional networks. We studied this relationship between BOLD-fMRI and electroencephalography (EEG) signal of the human brain in detail using simultaneous fMRI and EEG in healthy awake human subjects at rest. Signals from EEG sensors were filtered into different frequency bands and reconstructed it in the three-dimensional source space. The correlation of the time courses of the two modalities were quantified on a voxel-by-voxel basis on full-brain level as well as separately for each resting state network, with different temporal shifts and EEG frequency bands. We found highly significant correlations between the BOLD-fMRI signal and simultaneously measured EEG, yet with varying time-lags for different frequency bands and different resting state networks. Additionally, we found significant negative correlations with a much longer delay in the fMRI BOLD signal. The positive correlations were mostly around 6-8 seconds delayed in the BOLD time course while the negative correlations were noticed with a BOLD delay of around 20 to 26 seconds. These positive and negative correlation patterns included the commonly reported alpha and gamma bands but also extend in other frequency bands giving characteristic profiles for different resting state networks. Our results confirm recent works that suggest that the relationship between the two modalities is rather brain region / network-specific than a global function and suggest that applying a global canonical HRF for electrophysiological data is probably insufficient to account for the different spatial and temporal dynamics of different brain networks. Moreover, our results suggest that the HRF also varies in different frequency bands giving way to further studies investigating cross-frequency coupling and its interplay with resting state networks.
Complementary CRISPR screen highlights the contrasting role of membrane-bound and soluble ICAM-1 in regulating antigen-specific tumor cell killing by cytotoxic T cells

Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key players of adaptive anti-tumor immunity based on their ability to specifically recognize and destroy tumor cells. Many cancer immunotherapies rely on unleashing CTL function. However, tumors can evade killing through strategies which are not yet fully elucidated. To provide deeper insight into tumor evasion mechanisms in an antigen-dependent manner, we established a human co-culture system composed of tumor and primary immune cells. Using this system, we systematically investigated intrinsic regulators of tumor resistance by conducting a complementary CRISPR screen approach. By harnessing CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR knockout (KO) technology in parallel, we investigated gene gain-of-function as well as loss-of-function across genes with annotated function. CRISPRa and CRISPR KO screens uncovered 186 and 704 hits respectively, with 60 gene hits overlapping between both. These data confirmed the role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and autophagy pathways and uncovered new genes implicated in tumor resistance to killing. Notably, we discovered that ILKAP encoding the integrin-linked kinase-associated serine/threonine phosphatase 2C, a gene previously unknown to play a role in antigen specific CTL-mediated killing, mediate tumor resistance independently from regulating antigen presentation, IFN-γ or TNF-α responsiveness. Moreover, our work describes the contrasting role of soluble and membrane-bound ICAM-1 in regulating tumor cell killing. The deficiency of membrane-bound ICAM-1 (mICAM-1) or the overexpression of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) induced resistance to CTL killing, whereas PD-L1 overexpression had no impact. These results highlight the essential role of ICAM-1 at the immunological synapse between tumor and CTL and the antagonist function of sICAM-1.
Differential Fed Antenna With High Self-Interference Cancellation for In-Band Full-Duplex Communication System

This paper presents a novel design of high self-interference cancellation (SIC) technique for microstrip antennas. The proposed antenna consists of two closely-spaced orthogonal antennas with differential feeding as SIC circuit so as to achieve high interport isolation between the transmitter and receiver. In order to achieve high RF leakage cancellation, a novel differential feeding network (DFN) is also proposed in this paper, which provides amplitude and out-of-phase imbalances within 0.12 ± 0.03dB and −180 ± 1°, respectively, for the bandwidth of 500 MHz at a center frequency of 2.50 GHz. General analytical design equations are derived for achieving high SIC over the wide bandwidth. For experimental validation, prototypes are designed and fabricated at the center frequency of 2.50 GHz using an FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. A good agreement is observed among the theoretical analysis, and the simulation and measurement results. The first fabricated prototype provides more than 64 dB SIC for the bandwidth of 110 MHz, while the second prototype achieved more than 60 dB SIC for 160 MHz bandwidth. In addition, the SIC of the antenna using the proposed DFN is high over the wideband frequency bandwidth as compared to conventional 180° ring hybrid feeding network. Due to ease of implementation and excellent performances, the proposed antennas have potential application for wideband in-band full duplex systems.
Approximating Nonnegative Polynomials via Spectral Sparsification

We study polyhedral approximations to the cone of nonnegative polynomials. We show that any constant ratio polyhedral approximation to the cone of nonnegative degree $2d$ forms in $n$ variables has to have exponentially many facets in terms of $n$. We also showthat for fixed $m \geq 3$, all linear $m$ dimensional sections of the nonnegative cone that include $(x_1^2+x_2^2+\ldots + x_n^2)^d$ has a costant ratio polyhedral approximation with $O(n^{m-2})$ many facets. Our approach is convex geometric, and parts of the argument rely on the recent solution of Kadison-Singer problem. We also discuss a randomized polyhedral approximation which might be of independent interest.
A Comparative Study of Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms for 0 – 1 Knapsack Problem: Some Initial Results

In this paper, we present some initial results of several meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, namely, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, branch and bound, dynamic programming, greedy search algorithm, and a hybrid genetic algorithm-simulated annealing for solving the 0–1 knapsack problems. Each algorithm is designed in such a way that it penalizes infeasible solutions and optimizes the feasible solution. The experiments are carried out using both low-dimensional and high-dimensional knapsack problems. The numerical results of the hybrid algorithm are compared with the results achieved by the individual algorithms. The results revealed the superior performances of the branch and bound dynamic programming, and hybrid genetic algorithm with simulated annealing methods over all the compared algorithms. This performance was established by taking into account both the algorithm computational time and the solution quality. In addition, the obtained results also indicated that the hybrid algorithm can be applied as an alternative to solve small- and large-sized 0–1 knapsack problems.
The safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with non-tube nofasting fast-track surgery for esophageal carcinoma

Our non-tube no fasting (early oral feeding and no nasogastric tube) fast-track surgery (FTS) was safe and effective to combine with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for McKeown minimally invasive esophagectomy. In addition, the two groups were similar in terms of the recovery time, hospital discharge day, and early resumption of oral feeding. Objectives To evaluate the safety of early oral feeding (EOF) combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) of esophagectomy. Summary Background Data Our non-tube no fasting (early oral feeding and no nasogastric tube) fast-track surgery (FTS) was safe and effective for primary surgery esophageal cancer patients. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent non-tube no fasting and McKeown minimally invasive (MIE). They were divided into two groups: one received NAC, and the other received primary surgery. Complications after the operation, postoperative CRG complications, operative time, operative bleeding, and length of stay were evaluated. Results Between 01/2014 and 12/2017, there hundred and eighty two consecutive patients underwent MIE with total two-field lymphadenectomy under the non-tube no fasting fast-track surgery program. A total of 137 patients received NAC, and 245 accepted primary surgery. Propensity score matching was used to compare NAC patients with 62 matched patients from each group. The NAC group had a similar number of total complications as the primary surgery group (32.26% in the primary surgery group vs. 25.81% in the NAC group; p=0.429) and had the same median postoperative hospitalization duration (8 days, p=0.723). Conclusions After McKeown MIE, the patients receiving NAC combined with “non-tube no fasting” FTS had a similar incidence of postoperative complications outcomes as those without NAC. In addition, the two groups were similar in terms of the recovery time, hospital discharge day, and early resumption of oral feeding.
Moderate increase of serum uric acid within a normal range is associated with improved cognitive function in a non-normotensive population: A nationally representative cohort study

Background Associations between serum uric acid (SUA) and changes in cognitive function are understudied in non-normotensive populations, and many previous studies only considered the baseline SUA at a single time point. We aimed to examine the effects of baseline SUA and 4-year changes in SUA on cognitive changes in the non-normotensive population. Materials and methods In the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), cognitive function was measured based on executive function and episodic memory in four visits (years: 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018). We identified two study cohorts from CHARLS. The first cohort included 3,905 non-normotensive participants. Group-based single-trajectory and multi-trajectory models were applied to identify 7-year cognitive trajectories. Adjusted ordinal logistics models were performed to assess the association between baseline SUA and 7-year cognitive trajectories, and subgroup analyses were conducted according to the presence of hyperuricemia or SUA levels. The second cohort included 2,077 eligible participants. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the effect of a 4-year change in SUA on cognitive change during the subsequent 3-year follow-up. Results Four distinct single-trajectories of global cognitive performance and four multi-trajectories of executive function and episodic memory were identified. Higher baseline SUA levels were significantly associated with more favorable cognitive single-trajectories (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.755; 95% CI: 0.643, 0.900) and multi-trajectories (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.784; 95% CI: 0.659, 0.933). Subgroup analyses revealed that the protective effect of SUA was significant in the non-hyperuricemia groups or the low-level SUA groups. Additionally, changes in SUA could influence future cognitive changes. Compared with non-hyperuricemia participants with elevated SUA, non-hyperuricemia participants with decreased SUA and patients with persistent hyperuricemia had a higher risk for cognitive decline. Furthermore, only the Q3 group of changes in SUA could enhance global cognitive function compared with the Q1 group (β: 0.449; 95% CI: 0.073, 0.826). Conclusion Our study indicates that the maintenance of normal SUA levels and a moderate increase of SUA were advantageous in improving cognitive function or trajectories in a non-normotensive population. Conversely, SUA may impair cognitive function in patients with persistent hyperuricemia.