Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Centralizer of $K$ in $U(\frak {g})$

Let $\frak{g} = \frak{k} +\frak{p}$ be a complexified Cartan decomposition of a complex semisimple Lie algebra $\frak{g}$ and let $K$ be the subgroup of the adjoint group of $\frak{g}$ corresponding to $\frak{k} $. If $H$ is an irreducible Harish-Chandra module of $U(\frak{g})$, then $H$ is completely determined by the finite-dimensional action of the centralizer $U(\frak{g})^K$ on any one fixed primary $\k$ component in $H$. This original approach of Harish-Chandra to a determination of all $H$ has largely been abandoned because one knows very little about generators of $U(\frak{g})^K$. Generators of $U(\frak{g})^K$ are given by generators of the symmetric algebra analogue $S(\frak{g})^K$. Let $S_m(\frak{g})^K, m\in {\Bbb Z}_+$, be the subalgebra of $S(\frak{g})^K$ defined by $K$-invariant polynomials of degree at most $m$. Let $Q$ and $Q_m$ be the respective quotient fields of $S(\frak{g})^K$ and $S_m(\frak{g})^K$. We prove that if $n= dim \frak{g}$ one has $Q= Q_{2n}$. We also determine the variety, $Nil_K$, of unstable points with respect to the action $K$ on $\frak{g}$ and show that $Nil_K$ is already defined by $A_{2n}$. As pointed out to us by Hanspeter Kraft, this fact together with a result of Harm Derksen (See [D]) implies, indeed, that $A= A_r$ where $r = {2n\choose 2} dim {\frak p}$.
Super-Eddington stellar winds driven by near-surface energy deposition

We develop analytic and numerical models of the properties of super-Eddington stellar winds, motivated by phases in stellar evolution when super-Eddington energy deposition (via, e.g., unstable fusion, wave heating, or a binary companion) heats a region near the stellar surface. This appears to occur in luminous blue variables (LBVs), Type IIn supernovae progenitors, classical novae, and X-ray bursts. We show that when the wind kinetic power exceeds Eddington, the photons are trapped and behave like a fluid. Convection does not play a significant role in the wind energy transport. The wind properties depend on the ratio of a characteristic speed in the problem vc ~ (Edot G)^{1/5} (where Edot is the heating rate) to the stellar escape speed near the heating region vesc(r_h). For vc > vesc(r_h) the wind kinetic power at large radii Edot_w ~ Edot. For vc < vesc(r_h), most of the energy is used to unbind the wind material and thus Edot_w < Edot. Multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations without radiation diffusion using FLASH and one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations with radiation diffusion using MESA are in good agreement with the analytic predictions. The photon luminosity from the wind is itself super-Eddington but in many cases the photon luminosity is likely dominated by `internal shocks' in the wind. We discuss the application of our models to eruptive mass loss from massive stars and argue that the wind models described here can account for the broad properties of LBV outflows and the enhanced mass loss in the years prior to Type IIn core-collapse supernovae.
Effect Of Macroeconomic Factors (Exchange, Inflation, Sbi Interest Rate, World Oil Price) On Stock Returns With Profitability As Intervening Variables In Mining Sector Companies In The Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2019

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of macroeconomic factors (exchange rate, inflation, interest rates for Bank Indonesia Certificates, world oil prices) on stock returns with profitability (return on assets) as an intervening variable in mining sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015 -2019. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from monthly and annual data published by Bank Indonesia, the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and processed using Path Analysis with SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that macroeconomics (exchange rate of Rp/US$, inflation, SBI interest rates, world oil prices) and ROA had a direct significant effect on stock returns in the mining sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Macroeconomics (Rp/US$ exchange rate, inflation and world oil prices) have an indirect and significant indirect effect on Stock Return of the mining sector on the IDX, while the SBI interest rate has a significant indirect effect on Stock Return of the mining sector on the IDX.
Diversity and similarity of comets

The evolution of comets from an early stage where they were all similar, to the later diversity is reviewed. The elemental abundances of all pristine comets are likely to be primitive, that is in solar abundance ratios for all elements including C, N, O, S, but with the exception of H (and assumedly He and Ne) that are severely depleted. The solid phase was originally in very fine grains, typically 0.1 micron or less, eventually sintered into larger grain clusters. The volatile phase contains H, C, N, O, and S molecules frozen in the pores of the grain clusters; cosmic ray plus solar irradiation changes the volatile to refractory ratio of the crust. Differences in dust tails, in plasma tails, in photometry between young and old comets, and in the variable carbon depletion of the gas phase seem to be induced by the decay processes.
Method of moments solution of volume integral equations using higher‐order hierarchical Legendre basis functions

An efficient higher‐order method of moments (MoM) solution of volume integral equations is presented. The higher‐order MoM solution is based on higher‐order hierarchical Legendre basis functions and higher‐order geometry modeling. An unstructured mesh composed of 8‐node trilinear and/or curved 27‐node hexahedral elements is used for accurate representation of the scattering dielectric object. The permittivity of the object is allowed to vary continuously as a function of position inside each element. It is shown that the condition number of the resulting MoM matrix is reduced by several orders of magnitude in comparison to existing higher‐order hierarchical basis functions. Consequently, an iterative solver can be applied even for high expansion orders. Numerical results demonstrate excellent agreement with the analytical Mie series solution for a dielectric sphere as well as with results obtained by other numerical methods.
Correcting Systematic and State‐Dependent Errors in the NOAA FV3‐GFS Using Neural Networks

Weather forecasts made with imperfect models contain state‐dependent errors. Data assimilation (DA) partially corrects these errors with new information from observations. As such, the corrections, or “analysis increments,” produced by the DA process embed information about model errors. An attempt is made here to extract that information to improve numerical weather prediction. Neural networks (NNs) are trained to predict corrections to the systematic error in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's FV3‐GFS model based on a large set of analysis increments. A simple NN focusing on an atmospheric column significantly improves the estimated model error correction relative to a linear baseline. Leveraging large‐scale horizontal flow conditions using a convolutional NN, when compared to the simple column‐oriented NN, does not improve skill in correcting model error. The sensitivity of model error correction to forecast inputs is highly localized by vertical level and by meteorological variable, and the error characteristics vary across vertical levels. Once trained, the NNs are used to apply an online correction to the forecast during model integration. Improvements are evaluated both within a cycled DA system and across a collection of 10‐day forecasts. It is found that applying state‐dependent NN‐predicted corrections to the model forecast improves the overall quality of DA and improves the 10‐day forecast skill at all lead times.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Zakat Literature from 1964 to 2021

This research is intended to provide a comprehensive historical and present development of zakat literature through bibliometrics analysis extracted from Scopus database. From 522 articles related to zakat, the findings show that Universiti Utara Malaysia, IMEFM, and Saad, R. A. J have become the most institution, journal and author that published in zakah literature respectively. Moreover, the article from Haniffa, R; Hudaib (2007) is found to be the most cited article worldwide. While Malaysia has become the hub center of the research collaboration network with a strong collaboration with Indonesian researchers.
Examining the follower-related antecedents and effects of servant leadership in the PRC and Hong Kong

ABSTRACT The study drew on Conservation of Resources Theory to explain the adoption of servant leadership behaviours vis-a-vis targeted followers and these behaviours’ positive association with worker effectiveness. We collected 365 follower-leader dyadic questionnaire responses in mainland China and conducted 20 interviews in Hong Kong. Results showed that followers’ proactive personality and high person-supervisor fit are positively associated with supervisors’ servant leadership behaviours, with the latter in turn positively associated with followers’ work effectiveness. Our findings challenge the conventional assumption that servant leadership is solely a manifestation of the traits of the leader.
MSEDTNet: Multi-Scale Encoder and Decoder with Transformer for Bladder Tumor Segmentation

The precise segmentation of bladder tumors from MRI is essential for bladder cancer diagnosis and personalized therapy selection. Limited by the properties of tumor morphology, achieving precise segmentation from MRI images remains challenging. In recent years, deep convolutional neural networks have provided a promising solution for bladder tumor segmentation from MRI. However, deep-learning-based methods still face two weakness: (1) multi-scale feature extraction and utilization are inadequate, being limited by the learning approach. (2) The establishment of explicit long-distance dependence is difficult due to the limited receptive field of convolution kernels. These limitations raise challenges in the learning of global semantic information, which is critical for bladder cancer segmentation. To tackle the problem, a newly auxiliary segmentation algorithm integrating a multi-scale encoder and decoder with a transformer is proposed, which is called MSEDTNet. Specifically, the designed encoder with multi-scale pyramidal convolution (MSPC) is utilized to generate compact feature maps which capture the richly detailed local features of the image. Furthermore, the transformer bottleneck is then leveraged to model the long-distance dependency between high-level tumor semantics from a global space. Finally, a decoder with a spatial context fusion module (SCFM) is adopted to fuse the context information and gradually produce high-resolution segmentation results. The experimental results of T2-weighted MRI scans from 86 patients show that MSEDTNet achieves an overall Jaccard index of 83.46%, a Dice similarity coefficient of 92.35%, and a complexity less than that of other, similar models. This suggests that the method proposed in this article can be used as an efficient tool for clinical bladder cancer segmentation.
Social connections, CEO turnover and corporate policy change

We examine how social connections between successive CEOs influence policy changes enacted by incoming CEOs. Using forced turnovers, we document fewer policy changes when incoming CEOs are connected to outgoing CEOs. Our results remain consistent when exposed to tests assessing endogeneity concerns such as omitted variables, selection biases and homophily concerns. We find that the reduction in policy changes is more prominent when social ties are stronger due to greater association between the individuals. Analyses further reveal that such limited policy changes enacted by connected incoming CEOs could deteriorate firm performance, highlighting the potential importance of the findings in the CEO selection process. JEL Classification: D91, J63, M12
Indonesia's mental health status during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This study aims to analyze Indonesia's mental health status during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study is an observational analytic study used a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted to Indonesian population. Convenience sampling was used to select 1458 Indonesians as the research sample. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42) was utilized in this study, which was translated, validated, and disseminated through social media from April 12 to 25 2020. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression with a significance value of p <0.05 (OR and 95%CI). The incidence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 20.8%, 34.6%, 25.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, respondents who experienced depression, anxiety, and stress categorized as moderate to very severe were 12.4%, 26.3%, and 16%. Factors that influenced mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic are career background in health care and commit health behaviors (washing hands after coughing, sneezing, and touching the nose). The government is expected to carry out effective risk communication, maximize COVID-19 response policies in Indonesia, and actuate mental health services by small communities in their environment thus mental health problems preventive can be resolved immediately.
Revised orbital parameters for planets

Orbital parameters of planets are fitted directly to an appropriate set of observations. It is shown how to use the rigorous Deming method combined with a numerical integration of gravitation equations. In all, 65 parameters of the nine planets (masses and initial positions and velocities at J2000) are listed. The complete set of their standard errors, and the associated variance-covariance matrix are presented. Derived parameters as the Solar gravitational quantity G.Mo, and the Astronomical distance AU are re-evaluated. It is demonstrated that a direct fit using time units overcomes the very high correlation between the gravitational constant G and the Solar mass Mo. Much more accurate values for these quantities are obtained.
Constraints on the low-mass IMF in young super-star clusters in starburst galaxies

As evidence for variations in the initial mass function (IMF) in nearby star forming regions remains elusive we are forced to expand our search to more extreme regions of star formation. Starburst galaxies, which contain massive young clusters have in the past been reported to have IMFs different than that characterizing the field star IMF. In this thesis we use high signal-to-noise near-infrared spectra to place constraints on the shape of the IMF in extreme regions of extragalactic star formation and also try to understand the star formation history in these regions. Through high signal-to-noise near-infrared spectra it is possible to directly detect low-mass PMS stars in unresolved young super-star clusters, using absorption features that trace cool stars. Combining Starburst99 and available PMS tracks it is then possible to constrain the IMF in young super-star clusters using a combination of absorption lines each tracing different ranges of stellar masses and comparing observed spectra to models. Our technique can provide a direct test of the universality of the IMF compared to the Milky Way. We have obtained high signal-to-noise Hand K-band spectra of two young super-star clusters in the starburst galaxies NGC 4039/39 and NGC 253 in order to constrain the low-mass IMF and star formation history in the clusters. The cluster
Galois Group of the Maximal Abelian Extension over an Algebraic Number Field

The aim of the present work is to determine the Galois group of the maximal abelian extension ΩA over an algebraic number field Ω of finite degree, which we fix once for all. Let Z be a continuous character of the Galois group of ΩA/Ω. Then, by class field theory, the character Z is also regarded as a character of the idele group of Ω. We call such Z character of Ω. For our purpose, it suffices to determine the group Xl of the characters of Ω whose orders are powers of a prime number l.
Fecal fungal microbiota alterations associated with clinical phenotypes in Crohn’s disease in southwest China

Although previous studies reported that gut fungal microbiota was associated with Crohn’s disease (CD), only a few studies have focused on the correlation between gut fungi and clinical phenotypes of CD. Here, we aimed to analyze the association between intestinal fungi and the occurrence of CD, disease activity, biological behaviors, and perianal lesions. Stool samples from subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected for running internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) high-throughput sequencing. Then, correlation analysis was conducted between intestinal fungi and different clinical groups. There were 45 patients with CD and 17 healthy controls (HCs) enrolled. Results showed that two phyla, Rozellomycota and Mortierellomycota, were not present in patients with CD compared to HCs. At the same time, there was a higher abundance of fungal genera and species belonging to the phylum Ascomycota in patients with CD. SparCC network analysis showed fewer interactions among the fungal communities in patients with CD compared to HCs. Exophiala dermatitidis was positively associated with the clinical active stage and platelet count. The genus Candida was with significantly higher abundance in the non-B1 CD group based on the Montreal classification. Clonostachys, Humicola, and Lophiostoma were significantly enriched in patients with CD with perianal lesions. Our results demonstrated that the composition of the intestinal fungal microbiota in patients with CD and HCs was markedly different, some of which might play a pathogenic role in the occurrence of CD and perianal lesions. Exophiala dermatitidis and genus Candida might be associated with active disease stage and type non-B1 CD (CD with intestinal stenosis or penetrating lesions, or both), respectively.
Cosmic necklaces in string theory and field theory

In this thesis we investigate astrophysical phenomena which arise in models with compact extra dimensions, focussing on the cosmological consequences of strings which wrap cycles in the internal space. Embedding our strings in the Klebanov-Strassler geometry we develop a concrete model of cosmic necklaces and investigate the formation of primordial black holes and dark matter relics from necklace collapse. Using data from the EGRET cosmic ray experiment, we place bounds on the parameters which define the warped deformed conifold, including the value of the warp factor and the radius of the compact space. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview, while background material is included in chapter 2, and these results are presented in chapter 3. In chapter 4 we analyse the dynamics of wound strings with angular momentum in the compact dimensions and determine the equation of motion for a self-oscillating loop. Finally, in chapter 5 we suggest a field-theoretic dual for wound-string necklaces based on a modification of the standard Abelian-Higgs model. After introducing spatially-dependent couplings for the scalar and vector fields, we propose a static, non-cylindrically symmetric solution of the resulting field equations which describes a “pinched” string with neighbouring vortex and anti-vortex regions. The similarities between pinched strings and the four-dimensional appearance of wound-string states are then examined and a correspondence between field theory and string theory parameters is suggested. We find that the topological winding number of the field theory vortex may be expressed in terms of parameters which define the winding of the dual string around the compact space. According to this relation, the topological charge is equal to unity when the string has zero windings, and the standard Nielsen-Olesen duality is recovered in this limit. One key result of this work is an estimate of the Higgs boson mass (at critical coupling) in terms of the parameters which define the Klebanov-Strassler geometry and which, in principle, may be constrained by cosmological observations.
Novel method of residual stress reduction for AlSi10Mg manufactured using selective laser melting without compromise of mechanical strength

ABSTRACT AlSi10Mg is often used to fabricate functional parts by Laser Beam Powder Bed (LBPB) fusion but is limited by the residual stresses formed during the process. Conventional methods of stress relief of AlSi10Mg often compromise the mechanical properties due to the high-temperature used. This paper solves the dilemma by using a novel method of residual stress relief without compromising its mechanical properties. This process uses a lower temperature for treatment followed by uneven cooling, inducing thermal stress during the cooling process such that it cancels out the existing residual stress that remains. The compressive strength of the part was not compromised after this treatment, verified by microstructure images. From electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, the change in density of low angle grain boundaries (LAGB) and magnitude of residual stress relieved via this method followed the same trend, indicating the induction of dislocations from the stress-induced during uneven cooling.
The Mediating Role of Work Engagement in the Relationship between Executive Functioning Deficits and Employee Well-Being

Executive functioning and its related components have been found to promote well-being. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying mechanism. Drawing from the job demands–resources and PERMA models, the present study examined the hypothetical mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between executive functioning deficit and well-being among 314 working adults in Malaysia. Participants answered a survey consisting of the Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R; a new measure of executive functioning deficits for working adults), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Employee Well-Being Scale, and Self-Rated Creativity Scale. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the ESQ-R score was negatively associated with all other target variables, while the latter was positively related to each other. Moreover, supporting the hypotheses, the results of mediation analysis using PROCESS macro found that work engagement mediated the negative relationship between executive functioning deficits and well-being after statistically controlling for the creativity score. The findings not only replicate the beneficial role of executive functioning in employees’ well-being but also shed light on the underlying process of the relationship. Implications and directions for future studies are discussed.
‘Insecticidal efficacy of a hormonal analogue on the post-embryonic development of a flesh fly, Sarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)’

ABSTRACT Sarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius 1794) causes myiasis in humans and other vertebrates. It has a wide distribution across tropical countries. In the present investigation, the effect of a juvenile hormone analogue, fenoxycarb has been observed on the last instar larvae of S. ruficornis. The last instar larvae (0, 1 and 2-days old) of this dipteran fly were treated topically with sub-lethal doses (10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µg/µl/larva) of fenoxycarb. Several effects were observed such as mortality, abnormal pupariation, reduction pupariation, adult emergence and eclosion failure. Pupal-adult intermediates and the emergence of abnormal adults were also observed. Log Inhibitory concentration (LogIC50) causing inhibition of normal pupariation was 1.68, 1.8 and 1.681 µg/µl in 0, 1 and 2-days of larval treatments respectively. Whereas LogIC50 values inhibiting the adult emergence were 1.297, 1.359 and 1.482 µg/µl in 0, 1, and 2-days of larval treatments respectively. Results manifest the potency of fenoxycarb in the control of larval-adult transformation in S. ruficornis.