Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Stable Carbon Isotope in Tetritols by Methylboronic Acid Derivatization

Tetritols including erythritol and threitol were derivatized by methylboronic acid(MBA),and the stable carbon isotopic compositions of reactants(tetritols and MBA) and resultants(the ringed boronate derivatives) were determined. The δ13C value of solid erythritol,threitol and MBA were measured by elementalanalysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry(EA/IRMS),the δ13C value of methylboronate derivatives were measured by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry(GC/C/IRMS). Experimental results illustrated that when derivatization temperature was 60 ℃,derivatization time was 60 min,the molar ratio of MBA to tetritol was 10∶1,the difference between δ13C of methylboronate calcultated by δ13C of reactants and mass balance equation with determined δ13C of methylboronate was less than 5%,there not existed isotopic fractionation in this derivatization reaction. Moreover,the structure of methylboronate derivatives of erythritol,threitol,2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol were discussed. These will provide the base for stable carbon isotopic determination of 2-methyltetrols in natural aerosol.
Zinc Pyromellitate Coordination Polymers with Bis(pyridylmethyl)piperazine Tethers: A Rare Binodal Network and a New Simple Self-Penetrated Topology

Hydrothermal reaction of zinc nitrate, pyromellitic acid (H4pyro), and isomeric bis(pyridylmethyl)piperazines has afforded a pair of three-dimensional (3D) coordination polymers with intriguing 3D topologies. {[Zn2(Hpyro)2(H2O)2(H2-3-bpmp)]·H2O}n [1, 3-bpmp = bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine] exhibits octahedral coordination at zinc and possesses a rare 4,5-connected binodal net with (4462)(4466) tcs topology. {[Zn2(Hpyro)2(H2-4-bpmp)]·4H2O}n [2, 4-bpmp = bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine] has tetrahedral coordination at zinc and an unprecedented yet very simple 3,4-connected binodal (4.82)(4.82103) self-penetrated topology. Pyridyl nitrogen donor disposition and coordination geometry preference play a large role in structure-direction in this system. Complexes 1 and 2 undergo blue-violet light emission on excitation with ultraviolet light.
Ammonia Sensor Based on Polyaniline and Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phtalocyanine

An ammonia sensor based on Polyaniline and Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine is proposed. The films were fabricated via electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) technique where polyaniline (PAni) was assembled with tetrasulfonated nickel phtalocyanines (NiTsPc). The sensor performance on the ammonia concentration and the humidity level variation was investigated. The combined use of Pani and NiTsPc yield high sensitivity to ammonia and at the same time a low sensitivity to the humidity, a desirable feature of an ammonia sensor.
Factors Associated with Burnout, Marital Conflict, and Life Satisfaction among Chinese American Church Leaders

Clergy and church leaders experience unique pressure and stressors associated with ministry. In this study, we examined protective and risk factors related to burnout, life satisfaction, and marital conflict in a sample of 124 Chinese American church leaders. We examined the role of self-compassion, self-criticism, and bicultural identity. Ministry leaders (i.e., full-time or part-time pastors, deacons, elders, ministers) aged 25 to 68 years from Chinese American churches in the United States completed surveys online. In the overall structural equation model, self-compassion and bicultural identity were associated with lower levels of burnout; both were not related to life satisfaction or marital conflict. In contrast, self-criticism was related to higher rates of marital conflict and lower levels of life satisfaction; it was not associated with ministry burnout. Self-compassion was inversely related to self-criticism. Our findings suggest that self-compassion and self-criticism have distinct implications for psychological functioning among Chinese American church leaders. Specifically, whereas self-compassion was a protective factor against ministry burnout, self-criticism was a risk factor for marital relationships and life satisfaction. Bicultural identity integration protected against ministry burnout and may be particularly helpful when working with diverse Chinese American churches. Practical implications for Chinese American clergy and ministry leaders were discussed.
Characterisation of the Beamstrahlung radiation at FCC-ee

Beamstrahlung is a dominant effect in the beam dynamics of the high luminosity next-generation lepton collider FCC-ee. We characterize the beamstrahlung radiation for the beam parameters at the four working energies, from the Z-pole to the $t\bar{t}$ threshold, and present the effect of this radiation in the Machine-Detector-Interface region. We discuss the conceptual need for a photon dump due to the high power produced, which is in the order of hundreds of kilowatts. We also discuss the detector induced backgrounds due to the incoherent $e^+e^-$ pairs produced by the interaction of the beamstrahlung photons at the IP.
Effects of cross-section on mechanical properties of Au nanowire

The aim of this paper is study of the effects of multiple cross-section of Au nanowire on mechanical properties. Different cross-section models of Au nanowires including circular, hexagonal, pentagonal and rectangular were simulated by finite element modeling using ABAQUS. In this study, the bending technique was applied so that both ends of the model were clamped with mid-span under loading condition. The cross-sections had the length of 400 nm and the diameter of 40 nm, except the circular cross-section while the rest of the cross-sections had an equivalent diameter. Von Misses stresses distribution were used to define the stress distribution in the cross-section under loading condition, and elastic deformation was analyzed by the beam theory. The results disclosed that the circular and the rectangular models had highest and lowest strengths against plastic deformation, respectively.
Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Agricultural Waste: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

The potential of raw corn cobs (RCC) powder, for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis. Batch adsorption studies were conducted and various parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were studied to observe their effects in the dye adsorption process. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of MB onto the adsorbent (RCC) was found to be: contact time (30mins), pH (10.0) and temperature (343K) for an initial MB dye concentration of 100mg/l and adsorbent dose 1.0g. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data fitted best and well to the Freundlich and Halsey isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 18.28mg/g. The kinetic data conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the rate limiting step may be chemisorptions. Adsorption mechanism was investigated with intra-particle diffusion model and it indicated that intra-particle diffusion was not the rate determining step. Thermodynamic quantities such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG 0 ), enthalpy (ΔH 0 ) and entropy (ΔS 0 ) were evaluated. The negative values of ΔG 0 and the positive value of ΔH 0 obtained indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process while the positive ΔS 0 value obtained indicated increased randomness during the adsorption process.
An Experimental Approach on the Effect of Rock Alteration on Sorption Behavior

In the geological disposal of radioactive wastes, cement used for the repository construction alters the condition of groundwater to highly alkaline of pH about 13. Such alkaline groundwater around the repository would alter the surfaces of the rocks in the flow paths to the amorphous phase. Once the surface is altered, it takes a geological period (so much long time) to restore the surface to its former condition. This study examined the sorption behavior of europium (Eu-152 (tracer), Eu-151 (5x10 -5 M, carrier) onto some silica minerals with polymeric silicic acid. Polymeric silicic acid also affects the alteration of the solid surface. The results showed that the kinds of silica minerals strongly affect the sorption behavior in the range of 5<pH<8. The main difference was due to the degree of crystallization of the solid phase, the specific surface area and the concentration of polymeric silicic acid. Since the amorphous silica or polymeric silicic acid takes a loose structure, the isoelectric point is high compared to the crystal ones such as opal-CT and cristobalite, which in turn decreases the sorption. The crystalline silica with polymeric silicic acid remarkably decreased the sorption of europium. This suggested that the surface of solid phase was altered by polymeric silicic acid.
Comparative Study of Capsaicinoid Composition in Capsicum Peppers Grown in Brazil

Twenty different varieties of Capsicum pepper cultivars belonging to four species (Capsicum chinense, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum baccatum) were characterized in terms of their capsaicinoid and total phenolic content. The peppers were sown in a farm in the southeastern region of São Paulo State. The determination of capsaicinoids was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Results were expressed as µg capsaicinoid/g fresh pepper and as Scoville heat unit. A wide variation was observed among the compositions of capsaicinoids. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were the most abundant peaks. Capsaicinoids were not identified in the pepper varieties Cheiro Verde, Cambuci Verde, Cambuci Vermelha, and Biquinho. The spiciest pepper was Naga Jolokia (119,016 Scoville heat unit). Regarding the phenolic contents, a large variability was observed. Total phenolic content ranged from 0.35 mg gallic acid equivalent/g in Cambuci Verde to 3.06 mg gallic acid equivalent/g in Naga Jolokia. The current study may benefit consumers, the food, and pharmaceutical industries due to the increasing interest in pharmacological compounds present in hot and sweet Capsicum peppers.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Noncovalent Biohybrid Photosystem I/Pt Nanoparticle Complexes

A photocatalytic hydrogen-evolving system based on intermolecular electron transfer between native Photosystem I (PSI) and electrostatically associated Pt nanoparticles is reported. Using cytochrome c6 as the soluble mediator and ascorbate as the sacrificial electron donor, visible-light-induced H2 production occurs for PSI/Pt nanoparticle biohybrids at a rate of 244 μmol H2 (mg chlorophyll)−1 h−1 or 21 034 mol H2 (mole PSI)−1 h−1. These results demonstrate that highly efficient photocatalysis of H2 can be obtained for a self-assembled, noncovalent complex between PSI and Pt nanoparticles; a molecular wire between the terminal acceptor of PSI, the [4Fe−4S] cluster FB, and the nanoparticle is not required. EPR characterization of the electron-transfer reactions in PSI/Pt nanoparticle biohybrids shows blocked electron transfer to flavodoxin, the native acceptor protein of PSI, and presents evidence of low-temperature photogenerated electron transfer between PSI and the Pt nanoparticle. This work demonstrate.
A Strategy for the Formation of Gold–Palladium Supra-Nanoparticles from Gold Nanoparticles of Various Shapes and Their Application to High-Performance H2O2 Sensing

We present a new approach for the synthesis of gold (Au)–palladium (Pd) bimetallic supra-nanoparticles in which densely packed anisotropic Pd nanostructures surround a central Au nanoparticle (rod, sphere, cubic shape). They were obtained by means of Pd crystal growth on Au nanoparticle surfaces which are modified with a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 5-bromosalicylic acid (5-BrSA). From a comparative study with a Au nanorod (NR) as a seed, the use of the CTAB/5-BrSA mixture plays a pivotal role in obtaining such unique supra-structures; the Au NR capped with only CTAB resulted in Au core–continuous Pd shell nanoparticles instead. The Au–Pd supra-nanoparticles provide active surface area for electrocatalytic activities higher than that of the Au@Pd continuous shell nanoparticles, displaying outstanding performance for mediator-free electrochemical detection of H2O2.
Water Retention Curves of Soil Aggregates as Affected by Long-Term Fertilizer Management

The soil-water retention curve (WRC), applied in hydrology, agronomy, and ecology, is an important soil parameter for assessing soil quality and soil functions. Agricultural practices influence WRC by modifying other soil properties, such as soil organic matter content and aggregation. In this study, we investigated the changes in WRC among aggregate fractions as related to fertilizer management in the 0- to 10-cm layer of a paddy soil. The long-term experiment was established in 1986 with five fertilizer treatments: no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer alone, rice residues plus chemical fertilizer, low manure rate plus chemical fertilizer, and high manure rate plus chemical fertilizer. The results demonstrated that at larger water suctions (pF >1.6), the shapes of WRC for different aggregate fractions were similar, but larger aggregates (>2 mm) retained more water than smaller ones (<2 mm). Intra-aggregate water retention capacity was closely related to the interaction of aggregate mineralogy and organic carbon content, as the larger aggregates had lower sand content and higher silt and organic carbon contents than the smaller ones. Under the intensive rice-rice-barley cropping system, joint application of organic materials and chemical fertilizer improved aggregate water retention capacity, but the change of aggregate water retention from chemical fertilizer alone was not significant.
Effect of supplemented nutrition on yield of oyster mushroom, Hypsizygus ulmarius

Effect of three chemical compounds on growth and yield of Blue Oyster mushroom, Hypsizygus ulmarius was studied in three separate experiments on soaking of substrate, spray on growing beds and soaking followed by spray. Soaking with Ferrous sulphate (FeSO 4 ) resulted maximum yield of sporocarps (726.2g per kg dry substrate) followed by Magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ), Potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) and untreated (620g) respectively. In spray treatment, maximum yield of 792.8 g per kg dry substrate was recorded in FeSO 4 followed by MgSO 4 , KNO 3 and untreated (595.0 g) respectively. Maximum yield of sporocarps (931.4 g per kg dry substrate) was recorded with T-3 (soaking in MgSO 4 solution followed by spray with FeSO 4 ) followed by T-6 (KNO 3 followed by FeSO 4 ), T-2 (MgSO 4 followed by KNO 3 ), T-4 (KNO 3 followed by MgSO 4 ), T-1 (soaking and spray with MgSO 4 ), T-5 (soaking and spray with KNO 3 solution), T-9 (soaking and spray with FeSO 4 ), T-10 (untreated), T-8 (FeSO 4 followed by KNO 3 ) and T-7 (FeSO 4 followed by MgSO 4 ) (591.2 g) respectively.
EASUREMENT OF ARTIFICIAL SWINE ODORANTS IN THE VAPOR PHASE

A method was developed to characterize odorants in gases emitted from swine production facilities. Sorbent tubes packed with Tenax-TA, Carboxen 1000 and Carbosieve SIII were used to collect nineteen odorous compounds which contribute to malodor from swine production facilities. The collected compounds were directly desorbed by an ACEM 900 concentrator system connected to a Varian 3800 GC with an FID detector for chemical analysis. The tubes were evaluated using a standard odor solution of major odorous compounds, and the tubes demonstrated good recoveries and low detection limits. This method provides an analytical method to measure low concentrations of major odor compounds in air, which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of engineering control programs for odor abatement.
Develop a fishery stock identification laboratory and identify coastal and estuarine stocks that are dependent on the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries

The striped bass, Morone saxatilis, is a key recreational and commercial fish within the Chesapeake Bay and other Atlantic coast estuarine systems. In response to dramatic declines in abundance during the past ten years, extensive management and monitoring programs of this fishery have been instituted. To determine if the Chesapeake Bay contains one or more striped bass spawning stocks the mtDNA restriction morph patterns of 143 individuals collected from the lower Chesapeake Bay were analyzed. All detectable mtDNA variation was limited to total molecule size differences� no restriction site changes were observed. Apparent shifts in the frequency of restriction morphs occurred from year to year and fish from different rivers throughout the Bay were similar within years. These data possibly indicate that distinct river specific spawning stpcks of striped bass probably do not occur within the Chesapeake Bay.
A Study on La0.6Sr0.4Co0.3Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) Cathode Material Prepared by Gel Combustion Method for IT-SOFCs: Spectroscopic, Electrochemical and Microstructural Analysis

Perovskite oxides of La0.6Sr0. 4Co0.3Fe0. 8O3, (LSCF) were synthesized as a new cathode material for intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) by gel-combustion method. Nitrates of La, Sr, Co and Fe were used as precursor and citric acid as self combustion reaction matter. The as-prepared cathode material was characterized for BET surface area, X-rays diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, and conductivity. Electrochemical impedance was measured at different temperatures by sintering the LSCF pellets at 900°C for 2 h. The conductivity measurement showed the highest value as 0.89 S cm−1 at 700°C. The result shows that the LSCF can efficiently work as an intermediate temperature cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells.
Compaction and relaxation of biofilms

AbstractOperation of membrane systems for water treatment can be seriously hampered by biofouling. A better characterization of biofilms in membrane systems and their impact on membrane performance may help to develop effective biofouling control strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence, extent and timescale of biofilm compaction and relaxation (decompaction), caused by permeate flux variations. The impact of permeate flux changes on biofilm thickness, structure and stiffness was investigated in situ and non-destructively with optical coherence tomography using membrane fouling monitors operated at a constant crossflow velocity of 0.1 m s−1 with permeate production. The permeate flux was varied sequentially from 20 to 60 and back to 20 L m−2 h−1. The study showed that the average biofilm thickness on the membrane decreased after elevating the permeate flux from 20 to 60 L m−2 h−1 while the biofilm thickness increased again after restoring the original flux of 20 L m−2 h−1, i.
Characterization of Optical and Structural of Lanthanum Doped LiTaO3 Thin Films

Undoped, 5%, and 10% lanthanum doped lithium tantalate thin films were annealed at 550°C temperature for 12.5 hours and their properties were characterized. The results showed that the dopant addition affects the crystal formation of LiTaO3, especially the 10% La2O5 dopant, where the lattice of a = 5.11 Å, c = 13.30 Å, and its crystal was hexagonal. The observed functional groups were O-H, N-H, C = C, Li-O, Ta-O. The higher La2O5 dopant concentration leads to the higher absorption of Ta-O and Li-O, the lower the energy gap, the higher the refractive index, and the smaller the particle size of thin films.
Comparison of Aroma Differences among Rose Essential Oils Obtained by Different Methods

With the purpose of comparing the quality of rose essential oils extracted by the methods of steam distillation,solvent extraction,and supercritical CO2 extraction,the essential oil compositions were analyzed by GC-MS.The results show that there are 56 components in the supercritical CO2 extraction oil,with higher alcohols and esters as the main ingredient,and its ester content was the highest among the three kinds of oil,up to 13%. Besides its characteristic fragrance ingredients were as high as 4.568%. Its fragrance was sweet and full,and has a heavy elegant bottom fragrance,of which the fatty odor was very light,while a faint scent was prominent.The essential oil obtained by the steam distillation extraction method has 60 components,with higher alcohols as the main ingredient,up to 74.492%,and its main aroma components were the highest,which was 72.057%,but its phenylethanol aroma content was only 0.711%,which made it give a sweet smell,but slightly thin,with the lack of the honey-like aroma.The essential oil obtained by the solvent extraction method has 48 components,with higher alcohols and esters as the main ingredient.Its flavanone class was relatively high,reaching 4.257%. Therefore its fatty odor was heavy,while the fragrance flavor was not outstanding,with a poor natural sense.
Supplementary Conjugated Circuits for Biphenylene and related hydrocarbons

Individual Kekule valence structures of biphenylene and related hydrocarbons are comparatively studied in respect of their total pi-electron energies and thereby relative stabilities. These structures are modeled as sets of weakly-interacting initially-double (C=C) bonds. The relevant total energies are represented in the form of power series, wherein the averaged resonance parameter of initially-single (C-C) bonds underlies the expansion. To rationalize the resulting distinctions in total energies, interrelations are sought between separate members of the series, on the one hand, and presence of definite substructures in the given Kekule valence structure, on the other hand. It is shown that monocycles S_1 and S_2 correspondingly containing two and four exocyclic methylene groups (like 3,4-dimethylene cyclobutene and [4]radialene) participate in the formation of energy corrections of the relevant Kekule valence structures along with the usual conjugated circuits of the 4n+2 and 4n series (R_n and Q_n, n=1,2,3.). Thus, the cycles S_1 and S_2 are deductively predicted to play the role of supplementary conjugated circuits for biphenylene-like hydrocarbons. Moreover, the S_2- and S_1- containing structures are shown to be the most stable ones among all Kekule valence structures of the given hydrocarbon. Meanwhile, the lowest stability is predicted for structures in which either the neighboring hexagonal rings are connected by two C=C bonds or two exocyclic C=C bonds are attached to the same hexagonal ring.