Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Effects of Dust on Galactic Spectral Energy Distributions from the Ultraviolet to the Millimeter Band

We present models of photometric evolution of galaxies in which the effects of a dusty interstellar medium have been included with particular care. A chemical evolution code follows the star formation rate, the gas fraction, and the metallicity, basic ingredients for the stellar population synthesis. The latter is performed with a grid of integrated spectra of simple stellar populations (SSP) of different ages and metallicities, in which the effects of dusty envelopes around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are included. The residual fraction of gas in the galaxy is divided into two phases: the star-forming molecular clouds and the diffuse medium. The relative amount is a model parameter. The molecular gas is subdivided into clouds of given mass and radius: it is supposed that each SSP is born within the cloud and progressively escapes it. The emitted spectrum of the star-forming molecular clouds is computed with a radiative transfer code. The diffuse dust emission (cirrus) is derived by describing the galaxy as an axially symmetric system, in which the local dust emissivity is consistently calculated as a function of the local field intensity due to the stellar component. Effects of very small grains, subject to temperature fluctuations, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are included. The model is compared and calibrated with available data of normal and starburst galaxies in the local universe, in particular new broadband and spectroscopic Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observations. It will be a powerful tool to investigate the star formation, the initial mass function (IMF), supernova rate (SNR) in nearby starbursts and normal galaxies, as well as to predict the evolution of luminosity functions of different types of galaxies at wavelengths covering four decades.
Telehealth program: Effect of Physiotherapy Intervention on Dyspnea, Fatigue and Functional Status of Post COVID-19 Syndrome patients

: Post COVID-19 syndrome, that is marked by dyspnea, fatigue, and functional impairment, is best treated with a non-pharmacologic aproach entitled a physiotherapy intervention program. Aim: To evaluate the effect of physiotherapy intervention program through telehealth on dyspnea, fatigue and functional status of post COVID-19 syndrome patients. Design: The study utilized a one-group pre and posttest Quasi experimental design with a purposive sample of 60 post Covid-19 syndrome patients. Setting: Isolation Medical Unit and Post Covid-19 follow up clinic in main Assiut University Hospital. Tools: Data were collected using a structured interview Patient's assessment questionnaire, Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale, Chalder fatigue scale, and Post COVID-19 Functional Status Scale. Results: statistically extremely significant differences regarding degrees of dyspnea , extent of fatigue, and functional status of post Covid-19 syndrome patients in pre, post (8 th wks.), and follow up (12 th wk.) of program application with (p=0.001). Conclusion: Physiotherapy intervention program applied through telehealth had significant improvement clinically and statistically on dyspnea, fatigue, and functional status. Recommendations: Telehealth is especially important currently, as social distancing measures thus using this intervention program by nurses can be effective in improving post Covid-19 syndrome symptoms.
Modeling theory applied: Modeling Instruction in introductory physics

Modeling Instruction is a pedagogical approach which has been widely and successfully employed in high school physics instruction but is not commonly used at the university level. The goal of this paper is to describe the nature of Modeling Instruction at the university level and to clarify the role of models in physics instruction. A university physics class is described as it progresses through a typical modeling cycle, Introduction and Representation, Coordination of Representations, Abstraction and Generalization, and Application and Refinement. The benefits of modeling instruction are discussed.
Risk Contagion between Commodity Markets and the Macro Economy during COVID-19: Evidence from China

As the basic raw materials of economic activities, major commodities prices have a significant impact on the real economy. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, major commodities prices have been fluctuating sharply in a “deep V” pattern since 2020. Therefore, accurately grasping the risk linkage between commodity markets and the macroeconomy is the key to preventing systemic risk and maintaining the smooth operation of the economy. Based on the MF-VAR model, this paper analyzed the risk contagion between China’s commodity markets and macroeconomic sectors from the perspective of volatility spillover, focusing on risk spillover and its dynamic evolution during the COVID-19 pandemic, and deeply analyzed the transmission mechanism of risk spillover based on the mixed-frequency causality test method. Our findings show that China’s commodity markets are the net exporter of risk contagion and that all macroeconomic sectors are the net recipient of risk contagion. During the period of COVID-19, the risk contagion effect was significantly intensified. The fluctuation of the commodity markets has a long-lasting negative impact on the investment sector and has caused changes in macroeconomic sectors, such as the reduction of medium- and long-term loans, the reduction of money circulation speed, and the weakening of micro-individual consumption willingness. The results of causality analysis show that wealth, interest rate, and expectation effects are present in the risk contagion between the commodity markets and macroeconomic sectors. While being directly or indirectly impacted by the commodity markets, each macroeconomic sector also generates adverse feedback to the commodity markets. The complete description of the risk contagion between the commodity markets and the macro economy has guiding significance for regulatory authorities to improve risk control policies and reinforce the macro regulatory system.
Space‐for‐time substitution reveals a hump‐shaped distribution of dung beetles

Unraveling how climate change impacts the diversity and distribution patterns of organisms is a major concern in ecology, especially with climate‐sensitive species, such as dung beetles. Often found in warmer weather conditions, beetles are used as bio‐indicators of environmental conditions. By using an altitudinal gradient as a proxy for climate change (i.e., space‐for‐time substitution), we assessed how changes in climatic variables, such as temperature and precipitation, impact patterns of dung beetle diversity and distribution in the Peruvian Andes. We recorded dung beetle diversity using three different types of baits, feces, carrion, and fruits, distributed in 18 pitfall traps in five different altitudinal sites (from 900 to 2500 m, 400 m apart from each other) in the rainy and dry season. We found that (i) dung beetle richness and abundance were influenced by the climate gradient, (ii) seasonality influenced beetle richness, which was high in the wet season, but did not influence abundance, (iii) dung beetle richness and abundance fit to a hump‐shaped distribution pattern along the altitudinal gradient, and (iv) species richness is the beta‐diversity component that best describes the composition of dung beetle species along the altitudinal gradient. Our data show that the distribution and diversity of dung beetles are different at larger scales, with different patterns resulting from the response of species to both abiotic and biotic factors.
Nurses' Knowledge and Practices regarding Venous Blood Sampling Withdrawal in Neonates

Background: Venous blood sampling withdrawal considered the most common procedures that performed in neonatal intensive care unit. So, the nurse play an important role in eliminating of problems which may occur and collaborating with other health professionals in handling the plan of care. Aim : This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and practices regarding venous blood sampling withdrawal for neonates at neonatal intensive care unit. Research design : A descriptive design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting : This study was conducted at neonatal intensive care units in Benha University Hospital. Subjects : A convenient sample of (70) nurses and a convenience sample of (70) neonates who are undergoing venous blood sampling withdrawal. Tools of data collection : Two tools were used Tool (I) : A structured interviewing questionnaire sheet to assess nurses' knowledge regarding venous blood sampling withdrawal for neonates. Tool (II): An observational checklist to assess nurses' practices regarding venous blood sampling withdrawal for neonates. Results : Less than half of the studied nurses had good knowledge and majority of them had competent level of practice regarding venous blood sampling withdrawal. Conclusion : There was a positive correlation between nurses' total knowledge and their total practices regarding venous blood sampling withdrawal in neonates. Recommendation : Developing periodic training programs for nurses regarding care of neonates undergoing venous blood sampling are recommended to update their knowledge.
Nexus between Agriculture Growth and Poverty Reduction in India

Poverty is an issue of concern in developing countries as it remains the most elusive social evil to derail the economic progress of the country and social status of population. India remains fastest growing economy in the world, however efforts have to be made to improve the standard of living and social wellbeing of people. Agriculture as primary sector benefits the poor sections of the population by providing employment opportunities and play a key role in reducing poverty. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of agriculture growth on poverty reduction by using secondary data and sixteen states of India were purposively selected. An attempt was made to analyse the relationship between poverty, Agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per worker and Non-Agriculture Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per worker using pooled regression analysis. The findings of the study shows that, as every one per cent increase in Agriculture GDP per worker found to have reduced poverty by 0.11 per cent as against 0.04 per cent in Non-Agriculture GDP per worker. This shows that increase in Agriculture GDP per worker causes higher poverty reduction as compared to Non- Agriculture GDP per worker. This is true in case of agrarian economy like India as majority of population are dependent on agriculture for their sustenance. However, it suggested that the balanced mutual growth between various sectors of the economy will help to alleviate poverty in the country.
Age Stratification in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Heart Failure

Background and Purpose. Heart failure (HF) is considered one of the major risk factors associated with the severity of acute ischemic stroke(AIS). The risk factors associated with stroke severity in AIS with a history of HF is not fully understood. Methods. A prospectively maintained database from comprehensive stroke centers in PRISMA Health Upstate Sc, was analyzed for patients with AIS and a history of HF from January 2010 to 30 June 2016. The primary outcome was risk factors associated with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) < 7 indicating lower severity and a score ≥ 7 indicating high severity for 65–74 age category and ≥75 years age category for AIS-HF patients. Univariate analysis was used to determine risk factors based on age categories and stroke severities, while multivariable analysis was used to adjust for the effect of confounding variables. Results: A total 367 AIS-HF patients were identified in this study, 113 patients were between 65–74 years old, while 254 patients were in the ≥75 years old age category. In the adjusted analysis for 65–74 age category, history of smoking (OR = 0.105, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.018–0.614, p = 0.012), triglycerides (Odd ratio(OR) = 0.993, 95% (CI): 0.987–0.999, p = 0.019), and International Normalized Ratio (INR) (OR = 0.454, 95% CI: 0.196–1.050, p = 0.045), and direct admission treatment (OR = 0.355, 95% CI: 0.137–0.920, p = 0.033) were associated with a lower stroke severity, elevated heart rate (OR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.009–1.057, p = 0.007) was associated with a higher stroke severity. For the ≥75 years old age category, previous stroke (OR = 2.297, 95% CI: 1.171–9.852, p = 0.024), peripheral vascular disease (OR = 6.784, 95% CI: 1.242–37.065, p = 0.027), heart rate (OR = 1.035, 95% CI: 1.008–1.063, p = 0.012), and systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.005–1.041, p = 0.012) were associated with a higher severe stroke severity. Conclusions: After adjusting for the effect of potential confounders, more risk factors were associated with a high severity of stroke among ≥75 years old compared with 65–74 years old AIS-HF patients. Elevated heart rate was an independent risk factor associated with stroke severity in 65–74 and ≥75 years old AIS-HF patients. Elevated heart rate and other identified risk factors should be managed to reduce stroke severity among elderly AIS-HF patients.
Optimizing Ramadan fasting: A randomised controlled trial for people with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan applying the principles of the ADA/EASD consensus

Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam. Fasting is not meant to create excessive hardship on the Muslim individual according to religious tenets. It is important that health professionals are aware of potential risks associated with fasting during the month of Ramadan (mainly hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia).
What could explain the psychological well-being and performance of young athletes? The role of social safeness and self-criticism

Literature has highlighted that it is important to explore factors that may contribute to athletes’ well-being and also to sports performance, especially in young athletes. This study aimed to test a model that hypothesized that athlete-related social safeness (feelings of belonging to the team) has an effect on the psychological well-being and performance through self-criticism.This study sample comprised 164 Portuguese adolescent athletes of both genders, who practiced different sports.The path analysis results confirmed the proposed model’s adequacy, which explained 52% and 28% of the variance of the psychological well-being and performance, respectively. Results demonstrated that athletes who presented higher social safeness levels tend to reveal higher levels of psychological well-being and perceived performance through lower levels of self-criticism.These novel findings suggest the importance of adopting supportive and safe relationships between teammates due to their positive association with athletes’ mental health and performance.
The Lymphatic Endothelium in the Context of Radioimmuno-Oncology

Simple Summary The introduction of immunotherapy within the usual strategies for cancer treatment has meant an enormous advance in the survival of patients with very restrictive prognoses. However, a high percentage of patients still cannot benefit from it. The lack of response to immunotherapy is mainly due to resistance from the tumor stroma itself. The lymphatic endothelium constitutes a permeable vascular system from the stroma specially dedicated to balancing tissue homeostasis and leukocyte emigration. Most solid carcinomas present lymphatic microvasculature that participates in tumor progression ambivalently. On one hand, it facilitates the transit of immune cells toward the lymph nodes and therefore promotes the antitumor response; on the other hand, they constitute an accessible route through which tumor cells metastasize to the lymph nodes. Due to this double function, it is not easy to establish strategies that “educate” the lymphatic endothelium only in its antitumor function without compromising its participation in the immune response. In this review, we study how combinations of radiotherapy and immunotherapy can modulate lymphatic function to use them in therapeutic approaches. Abstract The study of lymphatic tumor vasculature has been gaining interest in the context of cancer immunotherapy. These vessels constitute conduits for immune cells’ transit toward the lymph nodes, and they endow tumors with routes to metastasize to the lymph nodes and, from them, toward distant sites. In addition, this vasculature participates in the modulation of the immune response directly through the interaction with tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and indirectly through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that attract leukocytes and tumor cells. Radiotherapy constitutes the therapeutic option for more than 50% of solid tumors. Besides impacting transformed cells, RT affects stromal cells such as endothelial and immune cells. Mature lymphatic endothelial cells are resistant to RT, but we do not know to what extent RT may affect tumor-aberrant lymphatics. RT compromises lymphatic integrity and functionality, and it is a risk factor to the onset of lymphedema, a condition characterized by deficient lymphatic drainage and compromised tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide evidence of RT’s effects on tumor vessels, particularly on lymphatic endothelial cell physiology and immune properties. We will also explore the therapeutic options available so far to modulate signaling through lymphatic endothelial cell receptors and their repercussions on tumor immune cells in the context of cancer. There is a need for careful consideration of the RT dosage to come to terms with the participation of the lymphatic vasculature in anti-tumor response. Here, we provide new approaches to enhance the contribution of the lymphatic endothelium to radioimmuno-oncology.
Understanding the Effects of Self-Induced Anaerobic Fermentation on Coffee Beans Quality: Microbiological, Metabolic, and Sensory Studies

In this study, an investigation of the microbial community structure and chemical changes in different layers of a static coffee beans fermentation tank (named self-induced anaerobic fermentation—SIAF) was conducted at different times (24, 48, and 72 h). The microbial taxonomic composition comprised a high prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and Nectriaceae and low prevalence of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, which greatly differs from the traditional process performed in open tanks. No major variation in bacterial and fungal diversity was observed between the bottom, middle, and top layers of the fermentation tank. On the other hand, the metabolism of these microorganisms varied significantly, showing a higher consumption of pulp sugar and production of metabolites in the bottom and middle layers compared to the top part of the fermentation tank. Extended processes (48 and 72 h) allowed a higher production of key-metabolites during fermentation (e.g., 3-octanol, ethyl acetate, and amyl acetate), accumulation in roasted coffee beans (acetic acid, pyrazine, methyl, 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy), and diversification of sensory profiles of coffee beverages compared to 24 h of fermentation process. In summary, this study demonstrated that SIAF harbored radically different dominant microbial groups compared to traditional coffee processing, and diversification of fermentation time could be an important tool to provide coffee beverages with novel and desirable flavor profiles.
Understanding Elementary School Students' Errors in Completing Number Operations

Integer operations are fundamental in math; students need to know how to do them before learning other things. However, students often have difficulty learning the material of integer operations. This study aims to describe the types of errors students have made in solving integer operation problems and suggests efforts that can be made to overcome these problems. This research was carried out on students at SD Negeri Pacing I Sukosewu. The study involved 19 students. The research instrument used were documents and diagnostic tests in the form of descriptive questions. The data analysis used was in the form of descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that student errors in solving integer operation problems were reading errors at 26.32%, comprehension errors at 41.05%, transformation errors at 57.89%, process skill errors at 57.89% and conclusion drawing errors at 42.11%. One of the learning alternatives that can be used to minimize at SD Negeri Pacing I Sukosewu is guided discovery learning that involves the students’ real world. Keywords: diagnostic test, integer operation, elementary school
The equations for interactions of polarization modes in optical fibres including the Kerr effect

We have derived coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations (CNLSE) for arbitrary polarized light propagation in a single-mode fibre employing electromagnetic field complete description. We used a basis of transverse eigenmodes with appropriate projecting; hence, the nonlinear constants depend on the waveguide geometry. Accounting for a weak nonlinearity, which is connected to the Kerr effect, we have given explicit expressions for the nonlinear constants via integrals of Bessel functions. We plotted the dependence of the nonlinearity parameter on the fibre radius and compared the results with those of other authors for the single nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The method introduced by us allows for direct transition to a multi-mode fibre case.
ROLE OF URINARY CALCIUM/CREATININE RATIO IN DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERCALCIURIA IN CHILDREN WITH UROLITHIASIS IN FAYOUM, EGYPT

Background: Early detection of pediatric urolithiasis is important to avoid the associated morbidities that can affect renal function. Hypercalciuria is a common contributing factor to urinary stone formation in children. Aim of the work: To assess the diagnostic performance of urinary calcium/creatinine (UCa/UCr) ratio as a screening test for cases of hypercalciuria with urolithiasis. Subjects and Methods: One hundred children with urolithiasis who attended the Nephrology and Urology Outpatient Clinics in Fayoum University Hospitals, Fayoum Insurance Hospital, and Fayoum General Hospital, during the period from June 2019 to June 2020 selected by simple random method an subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and investigations including blood chemistry, urine analysis, spot urine sample analysis for UCa/UCr ratio, calcium, and creatinine. Thirty age- and sex-matched, healthy children were included as control. Results: The UCa/UCr ratio was significantly higher among the cases (Median: 0.08 vs. 0.04, p-value = 0.019). Twenty-two percent of cases had a high UCa/UCr ratio above 0.2. The UCa/UCr ratio had the highest area under the curve (AUC = 0.641, p = 0.018) compared to urinary calcium (AUC = 0.575, p = 0.216) and creatinine (AUC = 0.625, p = 0.038). The optimal cut-off point for UCa/UCr ratio was 0.06, with 59% sensitivity and 62.3% specificity. Conclusions: UCa/UCr ratio is a potentially early, useful, practical, and non-invasive screening tool for the early detection of urolithiasis