Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A governing equation for fluid flow in rough fractures

Fluid flow in a rock fracture bounded by two irregular surfaces is complex even under a laminar flow regime. The major factor causing deviation of predicted fracture flow behavior from the ideal parallel plate theory is the nature of nonparallel and nonsmooth geometry of fracture surfaces. Important questions on the validity of the cubic law and the Reynolds equation for complicated fracture geometries have been studied by many researchers. The general conclusion from these efforts is that the cubic law is valid provided that an appropriate average aperture can be defined. Many average apertures have been proposed, and for some cases, some work better than others. Nonetheless, to date, these efforts have not converged to form a unified definition on the fracture aperture needed in the cubic law, which stimulates the current effort to develop a general governing equation for fracture flow from a fundamental consideration. In this study, a governing equation stemming from the principle of mass conservation and the assumption that the cubic law holds locally is derived for incompressible laminar fluid flow in irregular fractures under steady state conditions. The equation is formulated in both local and global coordinates and explicitly incorporates two vectorial variables of fracture geometry: true aperture and tortuosity. Under the assumption of small variations in both tortuosity and aperture, the governing equation can be reduced to the Reynolds equation. Two examples are provided to show the importance and generality of the new governing equation in both local and global coordinate systems. In a simple fracture with two nonsmooth and nonparallel surfaces, the error in permeability estimation can be induced using the Reynolds equation with the apparent aperture and can reach 10% for a 25° inclination between the fracture surfaces. In a fracture with sinusoidal surfaces, the traditional method can cause significant errors in both permeability and pressure calculation.
Subgrid‐scale energy transfer and near‐wall turbulence structure

Conditional averages of the velocity field, subgrid‐scale (SGS) stresses and SGS dissipation are calculated using the velocity fields obtained from the DNS of plane channel flow. The detection criteria isolate the coherent turbulent structures that contribute most strongly to the energy transfer between the large, resolved scales and the subgrid, unresolved, ones. Separate averages are computed for forward and backward scatter. The interscale energy transfer is found to be strongly correlated with the presence of the turbulent structures typical of wall‐bounded flows: quasi‐streamwise and hairpin vortices, sweeps and ejections. In the buffer layer, strong SGS dissipation is observed near lifted shear layers; the forward scatter is associated with ejections, the backscatter with sweeps. Both backward and forward scatter occur in close proximity to longitudinal vortices that form a very shallow angle to the wall. Further away from the solid boundary, in the logarithmic region and beyond, both forward and ba.
Synthesis and electrical conductivity of multilayer silicene

The epitaxial growth and the electrical resistance of multilayer silicene on the Ag(111) surface has been investigated. We show that the atomic structure of the first silicene layer differs from the next layers and that the adsorption of Si induces the formation of extended silicene terraces surrounded by step bunching. Thanks to the controlled contact formation between the tips of a multiple probe scanning tunneling microscope and these extended terraces, a low sheet resistance, albeit much higher than the electrical resistance of the underlying silver substrate, has been measured, advocating for the electrical viability of multilayer silicene.
Outcomes of Overt and Non-overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Using the ISTH DIC Scoring System in Children: A Single-Center Study

Background Several disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scoring systems are used for prognosticating the clinical outcomes of patients with DIC. However, research on children is scarce. Therefore, this study compared the clinical outcomes of overt and non-overt DIC using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) DIC scoring system. Methods This retrospective study reviewed data on children aged one month to 15 years diagnosed with DIC between 2003 and 2014. Results Of 244 patients, 179 (73.4%) had overt DIC, and 65 (26.6%) had non-overt DIC. The most common causes were infection (84.8%), tissue injury (7%), and malignancies (2.9%). The 28-day case fatality rate was significantly higher for overt than non-overt DIC (76% vs. 15.6%; P < 0.001). DIC scores were significantly associated with mortality (R2 = 0.89). Each clinical parameter (platelet count, prothrombin time, and fibrin degradation products) was associated with mortality (P = 0.01). On multivariable analysis, the factors associated with death were platelet counts ≤ 50 000 cells/mm3 (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.08–5.42; P = 0.031); overt DIC score (OR, 7.62; 95% CI, 2.94–19.75; P < 0.001); renal dysfunction (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.34–6.37; P = 0.007); shock (OR, 39.62; 95% CI, 4.99–314.84; P = 0.001); and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR, 25.90; 95% CI, 3.12–214.80; P = 0.003). Conclusions The 28-day case-fatality rate was significantly higher for patients with overt than non-overt DIC and concordant with ISTH scores. ISTH DIC scores can be used as a clinical predictor for DIC in children.
Theory of mode-locked semiconductor lasers

We present a theoretical study of semiconductor mode-locked lasers at a phenomenological level. We use the slow absorber model of New and Haus, but extend the analysis by taking into account the shift in the gain maximum due to the changing number of carriers. In our analysis of the resulting equation, we show that due to stability requirements the shortest attainable pulse duration is limited. The use of self-phase modulation due to a slow medium can at most lead to a shortening of the pulse by a factor of 2. We show that the shifting of the gain maximum due to the changing number of carriers in the laser is a crucial aspect in the operation of mode-locked semiconductor lasers. We further find that the end mirrors must be reflecting more than about half of the light intensity to prevent a self-pulsation type instability similar to the relaxation oscillation.
Physical Observations of 2005 UD: A Mini-Phaethon

Planet-crossing object 2005 UD is dynamically similar to purported Geminid meteor-stream parent 3200 Phaethon, suggesting an association between the two. We present new physical observations taken to characterize 2005 UD when at 1.6 AU from the Sun. Assuming equal albedos, 2005 UD is about 4 times smaller than 3200 Phaethon, with a diameter of ∼1.3 ± 0.1 km. The body shows periodic brightness variations of 0.4 mag that are compatible with an aspherical nucleus in rotation with a period near 5.2 hr. At optical wavelengths, 2005 UD is similar to or slightly bluer than the Sun. This property is relatively uncommon among near-Earth objects but is shared by Phaethon, strengthening the association between the two. No evidence for ongoing mass loss at rates as small as 0.01 kg s-1 is found in the surface brightness profile, and we conclude that the fraction of the surface that is losing mass is not greater than 10-4. Overall, we conclude that the dynamical similarities between 2005 UD and 3200 Phaethon are matched by physical similarities between these bodies, except that the former contains only about 2% of the mass of the latter. Phaethon, 2005 UD, and the Geminid meteoroids may be fragments produced by the breakup of a precursor object.
Nomogram to Predict Mortality of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke Despite Successful Recanalization

Background The trajectory of ischemic stroke patients attributable to large vessel occlusion is fundamentally altered by endovascular thrombectomy. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting 3‐month mortality risk in patients with ischemic stroke attributed to artery occlusion in anterior circulation who received successful endovascular thrombectomy treatment. Methods and Results Patients with successful endovascular thrombectomy (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction IIb or III) were enrolled from a multicenter registry as the training cohort. Step‐wise logistic regression with Akaike information criterion was utilized to establish the best‐fit nomogram. The discriminative value of the nomogram was tested by concordance index. An additional 224 patients from 2 comprehensive stroke centers were prospectively recruited as the test cohort for validating the new nomogram. Altogether, 417 patients were enrolled in the training cohort. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03−1.10), poor pretreatment collateral status (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.18−3.85), baseline blood glucose level (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04−1.21), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 9.51; 95% CI, 4.54−19.92), and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03−1.12) were associated with mortality and were incorporated in the nomogram. The c‐index of the nomogram was 0.835 (95% CI, 0.785–0.885) in the training cohort and 0.758 (95% CI, 0.667–0.849) in the test cohort. Conclusions The nomogram, composed of age, pretreatment collateral status, baseline blood glucose level, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, may predict risk of mortality in patients with ischemic stroke and treated successfully with endovascular thrombectomy.
Predicting the Criminal Record of Spanish Stranger Rapists from Their Crime Scene Behaviours

ABSTRACT Despite the development of Offending Profiling models for Stranger Rapists in UK contexts, there has been little focus on the extent to which these models cross validate for other countries. Drawing upon offender profiling, cross-cultural and sex offending literature, 233 cases of sexual assault committed by stranger offenders (one offender, one victim) were analyzed to produce a Spanish Stranger Rapist model. Chi-square associations are considered between the characteristics of offenders and their crime scene behaviors. Significant associations were then entered into a binary logistic regression to explore which crime scene behaviors can be used to predict offenders’ prior convictions. The findings suggest a number of differences between UK and Spanish Stranger Rapists. Spanish Police Profilers could develop misleading profiles if reliant on UK-centric models. In the present study, we found that offenders’ diminished volitional and intellectual capacities predicts offenders’ psychiatric history, values stolen predicts offenders’ prior convictions for theft and non-sexual violence, and a surprise approach predicts a serial sexual offender. Further work is needed to confirm the validity and reliability of this Spanish model with a new larger sample of cases and to establish its usefulness for Spanish police investigations. The same methodology could be applied to other crime types, including Spanish homicide and sexual homicide.
Composite equity issuance and the cross-section of country and industry returns

ABSTRACT Behavioural finance literature argues that stock issuance contains information on equity valuation. If so, does it predict the cross-section of both country and industry stock returns? To answer this question, we investigate data from 68 markets from 1976 to 2022. We find that composite equity issuance negatively correlates with future aggregate stock returns. An equal-weighted quintile of countries (industries) with the highest issuance underperforms those with the lowest by 0.34% (0.58%) per month. Established risk factors and other anomalies cannot subsume this cross-sectional pattern. Furthermore, the effect remains robust to many considerations. This documented issuance anomaly paves the way for an exploitable international investment strategy.
Interpersonal Discrimination and Relationship Quality among Married Mid-Life and Older Black Adults

Theories of minority stress contagion suggest that the consequences of racial discrimination may extend beyond the individual to impact close others. We empirically test direct and spillover associations between racialized stress and marital support and strain among mid-life and older Black spouses. We use actor-partner interdependence models to analyze dyadic data from 280 different-sex, married Black couples from the 2014 and 2016 Health and Retirement Study who completed the psychosocial leave-behind module. We find significant actor effects for husbands’ racial discrimination on their own marital support and strain, while wives’ racial discrimination is positively associated with their own marital strain. We find no evidence of partner effects nor significant gender differences in the association between racial discrimination and marital quality. The findings highlight pathways by which racial discrimination affects the marriage quality of Black men and women in mid- to late-life.
Are Solitary Internal Waves Solitons?

Results of fully nonlinear numerical simulations of the interaction of two mode‐1 solitary internal waves, both propagating in the same direction, are presented. After the interaction, two solitary internal waves emerge. The large wave is slightly larger than the initial large solitary wave, while the small one is slightly smaller than the initial small solitary wave. Some small‐amplitude trailing mode‐1 and mode‐3 waves are generated by the interaction.
SPARC is a decoy counterpart for c‑Fos and is associated with osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells by inhibiting adipogenesis

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also called basement-membrane protein 40 or osteonectin, is a matricellular protein that is abundant not only in bone tissue as a non-collagenous protein but is also ubiquitously expressed in non-calcified tissue. SPARC is located intracellularly and disruption of the Sparc gene has been reported to reduce bone formation and increase fat tissue; however, the mechanism by which SPARC inhibits adipogenesis remains unclear. The present study evaluated the intracellular function of SPARC in adipogenesis using the bone marrow stromal cell line ST2. When ST2 cells with low SPARC production were cloned, intrinsic activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity was markedly higher, mineralized nodule formation was significantly lower and lipid accumulation was significantly increased compared with in the parental ST2 cells. Forced expression of secreted SPARC with the signal peptide-coding sequences of wild-type Sparc or preprotrypsin in SPARC-low ST2 cells significantly reduced AP-1 transcription activity; however, these reductions were not observed in the absence of signal peptide sequences. Recombinant SPARC, produced using Brevibacillus brevis, specifically bound to c-Fos but not c-Jun and inhibited the binding of c-Fos/c-Jun to a TPA-response element sequence. These data suggested that SPARC was incorporated into the cells from the extracellular spaces and serves an intracellular role as a decoy counterpart for c-Fos, as well as being associated with osteoblastogenesis through the inhibition of adipogenesis. These findings may provide new insights into regenerative medicine.
On the solution set of differential inclusions in banach space

Let X be a separable Banach space and F(•,•) an orientor field from [0,b]xX into the nonempty, compact, convex subsets of X, which is completely Hausdorff upper semicontinuous and We show that solution set of the multivalued Cauchy problem set in Cχ
Correlating Twitter Use with Disaster Resilience at Two Spatial Scales: A Case Study of Hurricane Sandy

ABSTRACT Disaster resilience describes the ability of a community to bounce back from disaster impacts by resilience building activities. Social media provides an innovative way to observe human attitudes and responses, especially during disasters. However, most previous social media and disasters studies were conducted at a coarse spatial scale such as by county. This study analyzes Twitter activities during Hurricane Sandy in 2012, at the county and the zip code area levels in the five affected states. The study examines two questions: (1) will the relationships between disparities in social media use and disparities in disaster resilience found at the county level in previous studies still hold at the zip code area level? And (2) what new information or patterns can be revealed with the zip code area level analysis? Results show that correlations between Twitter use indices and social-environmental variables representing community resilience found at the county level in previous studies still hold, but they are weaker at the zip code area level. The study also shows that zip code areas that have major transportation hubs and commercial activities or low night-time population are major factors affecting Twitter use indices and hence the correlations. Future research should consider adding data on land use types and population dynamics to help improve social media use for disaster resilience analysis. Furthermore, employing a multiscale analysis approach can reduce uncertainties involved in analysis and obtain a more thorough understanding of the relationships between Twitter use and geographical and socioeconomic characteristics of the affected communities.
Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory Observations of CO J = 7→6 and J = 4→3 Emission toward the Galactic Center Region

We present position-velocity strip maps of the Galactic center region in the CO J = 7 → 6 and J = 4 → 3 transitions observed with the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory located at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Emission from the two rotational transitions of 12CO was mapped at b = 0° for 3. °5 > l > -1. °5 on a 1' grid with a FWHM beam size of 58'' at 806 GHz and 105'' at 461 GHz. Previous observations of CO J = 4 → 3 (C. L. Martin et al., in preparation) and of [C I] emission (Ojha et al.) from this region show that these lines are distributed in a manner similar to CO J = 1 → 0 (Stark et al.); the (CO J = 4 → 3)/(CO J = 1 → 0) line ratio map is almost featureless across the entire Galactic center region. In contrast, the CO J = 7 → 6 emission from the Galactic center is strongly peaked toward the Sgr A and Sgr B molecular complexes. A large velocity gradient analysis shows that, aside from the two special regions Sgr A and Sgr B, the photon-dominated regions within a few hundred parsecs of the Galactic center are remarkably uniform in mean density and kinetic temperature at n = 2500-4000 cm-3 and T = 30-45 K. The (CO J = 7 → 6)/(CO J = 4 → 3) line temperature ratios near Sgr B are a factor of 2 higher than those observed in the nuclear region of the starburst galaxy M82 (Mao et al.), while the CO(J = 7 → 6)/CO(J = 4 → 3) line temperature ratios around Sgr A are similar to M82. The line ratio on large scales from the Galactic center region is an order of magnitude less than that from M82.
The Practicality and Effectiveness of Soccer Scoring Techniques Revealed by Top Elite Soccer Scorers

Background: Although there are 43 soccer scoring techniques (SSTs) identified in the elite soccer games, most of them are overlooked by the current coaching practice. Obviously, the lack of scientific quantification on the fundamental issues related to SSTs could be one of the reasons for the crisis. Therefore, improving coaching practice requires efforts on fundamental researches to supply evidences that can be used to better guide the SST research and the development of SST training systems. Two of the fundamental aspects are the practicality and effectiveness of SSTs. The current study aims to uncover these two aspects. Method: All repeated nominees of the FIFA Puskás Award were selected as study subjects. The terminology system and the identification method developed by Zhang in 2021 were applied in scoring video analysis of the subjects’ career goals. The percentage of goal obtained by each SST (practicality) and ball possessions before shooting for each goal (effectiveness) were determined to reveal the SSTs’ practicality and shooting effectiveness of the top elite scorers. In total, 2315 goals were quantified. Results and Conclusion: The study has unveiled: 1) the practicality is increased if a SST can be applied in shots under all-body-orientation regardless of the ball spatial position at the instant of shooting, 2) the practicality is also associated with the SSTs that can provide either sudden change of ball motion direction at the instant of shooting or unpredictable ball flight, 3) the effectiveness is linked to shots taken with no or one setting of the ball, and 4) the practicality and effectiveness do not always go along with each other and anthropometrically-dependent characteristics should be considered in SST development. As the 1st pilot investigation on the topic, this study would supply a foundation and rich food for speculative thoughts in further explorations that aim to innovatively develop SSTs’ training systems in the future.
Dynamics of Magma Chamber Replenishment Under Buoyancy and Pressure Forces

Active magma chambers are periodically replenished upon a combination of buoyancy and pressure forces driving upward motion of initially deep magma. Such periodic replenishments concur to determine the chemical evolution of shallow magmas, they are often associated to volcanic unrests, and they are nearly ubiquitously found to shortly precede a volcanic eruption. Here, we numerically simulate the dynamics of shallow magma chamber replenishment by systematically investigating the roles of buoyancy and pressure forces, from pure buoyancy to pure pressure conditions and across combinations of them. Our numerical results refer to volcanic systems that are not frequently erupting, for which magma at shallow level is isolated from the surface (“closed conduit” volcanoes). The results depict a variety of dynamic evolutions, with the pure buoyant end‐member associated with effective convection and mixing and generation of no or negative overpressure in the shallow chamber, and the pure pressure end‐member translating into effective shallow pressure increase without any dynamics of magma convection associated. Mixed conditions with variable extents of buoyancy and pressure forces illustrate dynamics initially dominated by overpressure, then, over the longer term, by buoyancy forces. Results globally suggest that many shallow magmatic systems may evolve during their lifetime under the control of buoyancy forces, likely triggered by shallow magma degassing. That naturally leads to long‐term stable dynamic conditions characterized by periodic replenishments of shallow partially degassed, heavier magma by volatile‐rich fresh deep magma, similar to those reconstructed from petrology of many shallow‐emplaced magmatic bodies.