Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trend and determinants of home delivery in Gambia, evidence from 2013 and 2020 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey: A multivariate decomposition analysis

Background Home delivery is defined as is an even of pregnant women getting giving birth in a woman her home or other homes without an unskilled health professional assistance. It is continuing as public health problem since its responsible for death of women and newborn. In Gambia there is a high maternal mortality rate, which may be related to home delivery. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the trend of home delivery and identify predictors using Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) 2013 and 2019–2020 data sets. Methods A Cross-Section survey was conducted based on GDHS 2013 and 2019–2020 among reproductive age group women. A total of 8607 women participated in this study. A bivariate decomposition model was fitted, and variables that had a p-value > 0.25 were dropped. Finally, variables that got a p-value of < 0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) in the multivariate decomposition analysis were considered as statistical significance variables in the overall decomposition. Results There has been a dramatic decrement in maternal home delivery in Gambia. It was 36.18% (95% CI:34.78, 37.58) in 2013 GDHS and 14.39% (95% CI:13.31,15.47) in 2019–2020 GDHS. This reduction is real because there was a change in the characteristics effect of the population and the coefficient effect some variables in the home delivery. Changes in characteristics effect of husband education, women education, rural residents, more than three antenatal cares follow up, and no problem reaching health facilities played a significant role in the reduction of home delivery. Being urban resident and women who had occupation were variables that had a positive effect on coefficient effect change. Conclusion In this study, the home delivery rate had steeply declined in the Gambia during the study period of the two surveys. Just above nine-tenths decrement in home delivery rate resulted because there was a change in the characteristics effect of the study participants. Enhancing more citizens to attend high school and above, narrowing the gap between rural and urban in terms of accessing health facilities, and improving the availability of infrastructure should be done.
Leporids, Landscapes, and Social-Environmental Dynamics in Arid North America : Stable Isotope Analysis of Rabbit and Hare Bones from Modern and Archaeological Sites

Environmental conditions provide significant constraints and opportunities for human behavior. Paleoenvironmental studies are thus an important component of archaeological investigations seeking to understand the organization, development and decline of past societies. This dissertation develops a method of paleoenvironmental research that uses stable isotope analysis of jackrabbit and cottontail (Leporidae) bones to quantify aspects of the landscapes in which they lived. The project then applies the technique to a sample of bones excavated from four archaeological sites in desert ecosystems of North America to obtain information about human-leporid and human environmental relationships through time. Site locations include Pueblo Grande (Arizona, USA), La Ferreria (Durango, Mexico), La Quemada (Zacatecas, Mexico) , and Teotihuacan (Mexico, Mexico). Results are explored across multiple temporal and spatial scales to refine the method and improve our understanding of the long-term dynamics of social-environmental systems within arid and semi-arid landscapes. Results of baseline analyses on modern bones demonstrate significant correlations between stable oxygen isotope values and moisture variables (precipitation and humidity), and between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values and temperature variables (min, max, and mean temperature), indicating the utility of leporids as paleoenvironmental proxies. Two primary conclusions result from analyses on archaeological specimens. First, results from La Ferreria leporids demonstrate changes through time suggesting a shift towards wetter conditions during the Las Joyas (AD 850- 1000) phase, a period characterized by increasing population and new architectural construction. Importantly, these findings link social development in the region with environmental change. Secondly, results from Teotihuacan demonstrate rising carbon isotope values concomitant with the growth of the city, likely reflecting human modifications to the landscape, and falling carbon isotope values following its sociopolitical collapse. Notably, during the peak of population and complexity of Teotihuacan leporids from the residential complex of Oztoyahualco demonstrate significantly higher stable carbon isotope values than other contexts, supporting previous assumptions that residents there specialized in rabbit management or breeding. By using stable isotope values from jackrabbit and cottontail bones from modern and archaeological contexts, this dissertation improves our understanding of the baseline factors that influence bone isotope ratios and provides new information on the social-environment dynamics of the ancient New World
Assessment of the 2021 post‐market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in the EU

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) assessed the 2021 post‐market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report on the cultivation of Cry1Ab‐expressing maize event MON 810. Evidence provided in the PMEM report shows that farmers growing maize MON 810 in Spain complied partially with refuge requirements, while full compliance was achieved in Portugal. Cry1Ab susceptibility tests performed on European and Mediterranean corn borer populations collected from north‐eastern Spain in 2021 indicated no symptoms of resistance evolution to maize MON 810. However, unexpected damage to maize MON 810 plants was observed in a field trial in the province of Girona (north‐eastern Spain), which may point to the presence of resistance alleles in this region. Information retrieved through farmer questionnaires and the scientific literature reveals no unanticipated adverse effects on human and animal health or the environment arising from the cultivation of maize MON 810. Overall, EFSA concludes that the evidence reported in the 2021 PMEM report does not invalidate its previous conclusions on the safety of maize MON 810. The possible presence of Cry1Ab resistance alleles at frequencies leading to damage to maize MON 810 plants in Girona requires twofold actions: (1) increase monitoring efforts in this area; and (2) implement remedial measures to limit the suspected evolution and spread of resistance. As in previous years, EFSA identified shortcomings on resistance monitoring that need revision. In particular, full refuge compliance must be achieved in Spain. Moreover, the sensitivity of the monitoring plan must be increased, which can be achieved by replacing the current susceptibility assays by periodic F2 screens. EFSA also recommends the consent holder to revise the farmer questionnaires to account for the emergence of teosinte as a noxious agricultural weed in maize MON 810‐growing areas in Spain.
RS58542926 IS LINKED TO THROMBOCYTOPENIA-RELATED ADVANCED HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C

Thrombocytopenia in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients is a serious complication, which hinders starting and continuation of several invasive diagnoses and treatment protocols. This problem is multifactorial; therefore, it is important to explore host factors linked to it. Interestingly while we were investigating the association between rs58542926 polymorphism in TM6SF2 gene and both hepatic & extra hepatic changes, we found a significant association between TM6SF2 risk allele and thrombocytopenia in Egyptian CHC patients. There are 351 participants in this study. We measured gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) and plasma thrombopoietin (TPO) level in 20 CHC patients with advanced fibrosis. The minor allele was linked to elevated thrombocytopenia (TCP), and lower TPO levels. These findings raise concerns regarding the effect of this polymorphism on different diagnostic techniques and the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that the occurrence of the minor allele of the rs58542926 polymorphism is associated not only with hepatic but also with extrahepatic (thrombocytopenia) alterations in CHC Egyptian patients, allowing for the use of this variant as a pharmacogenetic marker to recognize CHC patients who have a high possibility for developing late stages of liver fibrosis and extrahepatic complications.
Genetic variation in the zebrafish Genetic variation in the zebrafish

Although zebrafish was introduced as a laboratory model organism several decades ago and now serves as a primary model for developmental biology, there is only limited data on its genetic variation. An establishment of a dense polymorphism map becomes a requirement for effective linkage analysis and cloning approaches in zebrafish. By comparing ESTs to whole-genome shotgun data, we predicted >50,000 high-quality candidate SNPs covering the zebrafish genome with average resolution of 41 kbp. We experimentally validated ∼ 65% of a randomly sampled subset by genotyping 16 samples from seven commonly used zebrafish strains. The analysis reveals very high nucleotide diversity between zebrafish isolates. Even with the limited number of samples that we genotyped, zebrafish isolates revealed considerable interstrain variation, ranging from 7% (inbred) to 37% (wild-derived) of polymorphic sites being heterozygous. The increased proportion of polymorphic over monomorphic sites results in five times more frequent observation of a three allelic variant compared with human or mouse. Phylogenetic analysis shows that comparisons between even the least divergent strains used in our analysis may provide one informative marker approximately every 500 nucleotides. Furthermore, the number of haplotypes per locus is relatively large, reflecting independent establishment of the different lines from wild isolates. Finally, our results suggest the presence of prominent C-to-U and A-to-I RNA editing events in zebrafish. Overall, the levels and organization of genetic variation between and within commonly used zebrafish strains are markedly different from other laboratory model organisms, which may affect experimental design and interpretation. [The polymorphism and genotype
A Research on Reward Setting and Curiosity Encoding Methods

Agents in reinforcement learning relies on reward to make movement, improve algorithms, and reach the final goal. However, reward setting is a subject that requires much engineering skills and experiences. Two types of reward, extrinsic reward and intrinsic reward, are totally different in ways of setting. A typical type of intrinsic reward is curiosity. Although there have been many studies on curiosity reward mechanisms in algorithms, the comparison and analysis of different methods are not comprehensive enough. The paper: (a) made detailed introduction to general types of extrinsic reward setting methods and their applications. (b) investigated the encoding methods for curiosity intrinsic reward and make comparisons among various derivations of different type of encoding meth-ods. (c) demonstrated the agent performance implement different encoding meth-ods and prove that encoding method has great influence on the reward setting of curiosity. Finally, the paper summarizes and looks forward to the full text.
Reaction of gene differential rice varieties against gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) biotype at Warangal, India

The Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a serious pest of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in India. Seven distinct biotypes of the Asian rice gall midge population have been characterized so far from different parts of India. Warangal gall midge population designated as biotype 4M. In order to identify the prevailing rice gall midge biotypes, a study was carried out under natural field conditions at RARS, Warangal. A set of 16 standard rice differentials representing five groups already identified to characterize the prevailing rice gall midge biotypes in the country were evaluated against gall midge population. Based on earlier studies, resistance against biotype 4M confirmed only through the IV group differentials with resistance genes viz . , gm3, Gm4 and Gm8. The results of present study revealed that the reaction of differential of group I, II, III and V (TN1, Susceptible check) showed susceptibility during both the years i.e., kharif , 2011-12 and kharif , 2012-13 whereas, reaction of group IV differentials was not stable and changed year after year. Based on this study, it was found that the biotype at RARS, Warangal was not following any prescribed pattern of the seven identified biotypes, indicating a change in the reaction pattern of standard differentials to gall midge biotype 4M with virulence against the resistant group IV rice differentials.
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga

Rugby is a popular sport categorized as a physical game with a high level of physical contact and significant injury risk. The purpose of this study was to find out and describe the type of injury suffered by Rugby athletes in Indonesia. This quantitative descriptive research was conducted by evaluating male rugby athletes (N = 62) experiencing injury using a questionnaire. The questionnaire questions focused on anthro-pometry, age when experiencing the injury, causes of injury, anatomical injury, and types of injury. The anthropometry analysis result of the Rugby athletes aged 16 - 30 years showed that they had an ideal body mass index (16 - 20 years = 21.0 ± 2.8 vs 21 - 25 years = 23.2 ± 1.3 vs 26 - 30 years = 25.9 ± 1.0). The common injuries found in Rug-by athletes was acute injuries (56%) compared to overuse injuries (44%). The result also showed that 65% of 62 players suffered a lower limb injury, only 35% of the 62 players suffered an upper limb injury. In general, 53% of 62 players suffered ligament injury, where 31% of injury occurred in the Knee. The cause of injury suffered by Rugby players was physical contact with opponents. The data described that 50% of 62 players suffered injuries due to physical contact.
Association of Sarcopenia and Its Deﬁning Components with the Degree of Cognitive Impairment in a Memory Clinic Population

Background: Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are two leading causes of disabilities. Objective: The objective was to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and investigate the association between sarcopenia diagnostic components (muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance) and cognitive impairment in memory clinic patients. Methods: 368 patients were included (age 59.0 ± 7.25 years, women: 58.7%), displaying three clinical phenotypes of cognitive impairments, i.e., subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, 57%), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, 26%), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, 17%). Sarcopenia was deﬁned according to diagnostic algorithm recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Components of sarcopenia were grip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and gait speed. They were further aggregated into a score (0–3 points) by counting the numbers of limited components. Multi-nominal logistic regression was applied. Results: Probable sarcopenia (i
Multicultural and Multireligious

This research was conducted to discuss the process of perkolong-kolong transformation nowadays and to explain the conceptions of cultural values transformation contained in perkolong-kolong. In this context, cultural values are defined as a system that includes abstract conceptions about what is considered bad (so it must be avoided) and what is considered good (so it must be adhered to). The method used is qualitative using a cultural anthropological approach. The research design used is a case study, where the findings in this study only apply to similar phenomena or characteristics and are carried out to analyze events, activities, and processes that are regulated in a cultural perspective. As a result, there are two forms of transformation found in perkolong-kolong activities, which are 1) the elimination of reciprocal rhymes or poems in the perkolong-kolong procedure, 2) different rules and procedures in implementing perkolong-kolong.
Biologically plausible methods for robot visual homing

This thesis concerns visual homing in robots and proposes solutions judged by both performance and biological plausibility. Visual homing is the ability to return to a goal from a nearby location using vision. Biological plausibility is defined as the likelihood that a proposed algorithm mirrors the internal mechanism of an animal solving the same problem. The high effectiveness of insect homing motivates interest in biological plausibility. The approach to biological plausibility is through retinotopic processing---a characteristic of natural visual systems. Experiments are conducted on a database of panoramic images collected from a variety of indoor environments. A review of existing methods reveals Franz et al.'s [26] warping method as the de facto standard for robot visual homing. The warping method is compared with two other methods which adhere to the constraints of retinotopic processing. Its performance is found to be superior and is therefore used for subsequent performance comparisons. The first new homing method proposed is an extension of Moller et al.'s [76] neural snapshot model. It is found to be applicable to real-world images, but is not competitive with the warping method. Two other new methods are then proposed based on a novel scale invariant image descriptor. One of these is found to perform nearly as well as the warping method. Further, its scale invariance property is found not to be crucial to its success. Thus paving the way for simpler methods. The first such simpler method, based on block matching, is found to outperform the warping method. Analysis reveals that this method succeeds by pairing low-frequency image components and that increasing the number of correspondences is beneficial. Two even simpler variants based on matching pixel intensity and the gradient of intensity were also found to perform quite well. The success of these variants prompts an investigation into differential-based techniques. Two methods are proposed and both found to perform competitively. These methods are found to be successful because of the presence of regions of small feature shifts in the image near the foci of expansion and contraction. The differential methods satisfy both the performance and biological plausibility criteria.
SOUTH AFRICA’S SAVING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LINKAGE: CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP EXAMINATION

South Africa dreams of eradicating poverty and achieving equitable distribution of its scarce resources among its citizens by 2030. Economic growth sustained over time is crucial in achieving its developmental goals. Domestic savings provide a cheap source of resources for investment that would sustain economic growth. This study explored the relationship between South Africa’s aggregate national savings and aggregate national income from 1987 to 2021. The study utilized Solow’s bivariate model and error correction-centered causality to ensure the robustness of the study results while testing the relationship between saving and economic growth. The study confirmed that aggregate national saving was positively related to South Africa’s economic growth. In the short run, deviations from the long-run paths were partly corrected in the present period. In addition, the study found aggregate national saving Granger caused short-and long-term economic growth. The general policy recommendation is that the Government of South Africa should remove bottlenecks to aggregate national saving mobilization efforts by implementing pro-saving fiscal and monetary policies. High saving rates will stimulate income growth through investments in productive sectors, reducing poverty and inequality.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) are common respiratory ailments in children. RRTIs are often difficult to control and thus generally have a long-term disease course. Children who receive ineffective treatments or those that experience poor treatment outcomes are prone to developing complications such as edema, cough and asthma. Such complications can seriously hinder a child’s growth and development, while also adversely affecting the child’s physical and mental health. Tuina massage, a traditional Chinese technique that has been practiced in China for >5000years, has recently been used to treat RRTIs, with good effect. However, no systematic review of research studies focusing on massage as a treatment for RRTIs can be found in the literature to date. The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tuina massage for the treatment of pediatric patients who experience RRTIs. Methods:We will search the following databases using electronic methods: the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data (WAN FANG), VIP Information (VIP), MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and CINAHL. For each database search, the scope will include articles published between the date of database inception to September 2021. Revman5.4 software will be used to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: This meta-analysis will confirm whether Tuina massage is of clinical benefit to pediatric patients who experience RRTIs. Conclusion: The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis will be used to formulate conclusions as to whether massage therapy is an effective treatment for children suffering from RRTIs. Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of tuina in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections. Since all the data included were published, the systematic review did not require ethical approval. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202190107. Abbreviations: RCTs = randomized clinical trials, RRTIs = respiratory tract infections.
Blue Carbon Sink Function of Chinese Coastal Wetlands and Blue Carbon Sink Function of Chinese Coastal Wetlands and Carbon Neutrality Strategy Carbon Neutrality Strategy

Abstract Coastal wetlands are the main body of the coastal "blue carbon (C)" ecosystem, and their "blue C" and ecosystem service function are important ocean-based climate change governance methods, which is a "nature-based solution". Chinese coastal wetlands are dominated by salt marshes, with little area of mangroves, while the area of unvegetated tidal flats is large. According to conservative estimation, the current C sequestration of coastal wetlands through sediment burial in China reaches to 0.97 Tg C·a-1, and would increase to 1.82-3.64 Tg C·a-1 at the end of this century. To achieve the commitment of "C neutrality" in 2060, China should strengthen scientific research on coastal wetlands, protect the integrity of the structure and function of the existing coastal wetland ecosystems, stop destructive coastal wetlands development activities, and actively and steadily promote the ecological restoration of coastal wetlands, restore and enhance its "blue C" function, and benefit from C sink gains while protecting the nature.