Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding Among Lactating Mothers in Bedelle Town, Southwestern Ethiopia: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

Breast feeding contributes to reduced infant morbidity and mortality due to diarrhea, respiratory or ear infections and other infectious diseases even though it remains a challenging due to lack of knowledge mothers. There is only limited information on exclusive breastfeeding practices in urban settings of Ethiopia especially in Bedelle town, Illubabor Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice related with exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in study area. A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 lactating mothers who had a child aged less than 24 months from April to May, 2013 using a structured interviewer questionnaire. Systematic random sampling was used selected the study participants and descriptive statistics was carried out using SPSS for windows version 20.0. The majority of mothers, 91.8% knew the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and 87.3% mothers were had good attitude and strongly agree that the exclusive breastfeeding is advantageous for infants aged less than six months. Only 43.6% of mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after delivery. This study indicated better understanding and perception of the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and poor practice to exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months postpartum among urban mothers. Thus, health care providers and decision makers should be comprehensively addressed on adverse work related issues to improve exclusively breast feeding practices in the study community. [Tsedeke Wolde, Gadisa Diriba, Ababa Wakjira, Genet Misganu, Girma Negesse, Habtamu Debela, Tadesse Birhanu and Eyasu Ejeta. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding Among Lactating Mothers in Bedelle Town, Southwestern Ethiopia: Descriptive Cross Sectional Study. Researcher 2014;6(11):91-97]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub. net/researcher. 14
Impact of Gender on the Outcome of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair Using the Zenith Stent-Graft: Midterm Results

Purpose: To analyze the 2-year outcomes of female patients after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with the Zenith AAA Endovascular Graft. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from the US Zenith multicenter trial and the Zenith female registry on 40 women (10.9%, study group) and 326 men (89.1%, control group) enrolled. All patients had completed their 2-year follow-up. Primary study endpoints were survival, aneurysm rupture, and conversion rate. Significance was assumed if p,0.05. Results: Overall rates of mortality (12.5% for women versus 13.2% for men, p50.94) and aneurysm rupture (2.5% for women versus 0% for men, p50.11) were comparable between groups. Conversion to open repair within 2 years was significantly more frequent in women compared to men (7.5% versus 0.6%, p50.01). The incidence of endoleaks of any type was equivalent between groups at 2 years (13.3% for women versus 6.9% for men, p50.30). No difference was observed in the need for secondary interventions (15% for women versus 13.5% for men, p50.81) or aneurysm dilatation . 5 mm (10.5% for women versus 2.3% for men, p50.10). None of the patients developed device migration . 10 mm or required intervention for migration. Conclusion: While women underwent conversion to open repair more frequently compared to men at 2 years post EVAR, there was no difference in survival, freedom from aneurysm rupture, or need for secondary interventions between groups. As in men, the Zenith AAA Endovascular Graft provides reliable protection from aneurysm rupture and aneurysm-related death in women in a midterm follow-up. J Endovasc Ther 2007;14:115–121
Utility of Rapid B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assay for Diagnosis of Symptomatic Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants

Objective. In preterm infants, the rapid and accurate determination of the presence of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is extremely important, but this is often difficult. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement has been reported to be a helpful aid in the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant PDA in preterm infants. The aim of our study was to investigate the usefulness of a rapid BNP assay as a diagnostic marker of symptomatic PDA (sPDA) in preterm infants. Methods. Sixty-six preterm infants, ranging from 25 to 34 gestational weeks of age, underwent clinical and echocardiographic examinations for PDA every other day from the third day of life until the disappearance of ductal flow. Blood samples were collected and plasma BNP concentrations were measured simultaneously using a commercial kit, (Triage BNP test kit; Biosite Diagnositics, San Diego, CA). When ≥2 clinically significant features of PDA were noted, and a large ductal flow was confirmed by color Doppler echocardiography, sPDA was diagnosed and treated with indomethacin. Results. On the third day after birth, the mean BNP concentration in the sPDA group (n = 23) was significantly higher than in the control group (n = 43) (2896 ± 1627 vs 208 ± 313 pg/mL). Seventeen infants (74%) in the sPDA group became asymptomatic after an initial course of indomethacin and their BNP levels concomitantly decreased. Moreover, BNP concentrations were significantly correlated with the magnitudes of the ductal shunt, such as the ratio of left atrial to aortic root diameter and the diastolic flow velocity of the left pulmonary artery (r = 0.726 and 0.877). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for the detection of sPDA was high: 0.997 (95% confidence interval: 0.991–1.004). The best cutoff of BNP concentration for the diagnosis of sPDA was determined to be 1110 pg/mL (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 95.3%). Conclusion. In preterm infants, the circulating BNP levels correlated well with the clinical and echocardiographic assessments of PDA. Although not a stand-alone test, the rapid BNP assay provides valuable information for the detection of infants with sPDA that require treatment. Moreover, serial BNP measurements may be of value in determining the clinical course of PDA in preterm infants.
Effect of establishment methods and weed management practices on the growth and yield of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during Kharif season of 2015 and 2016. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications taking four establishment methods viz., Dry Seeding, Seeding through Drum Seeder (Wet) and Broadcasting (Wet) under puddled condition in main plot, and eight weed management practices viz. Bispyribac-Na @ 25g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop), Pendimethaline @100g/ha at 0-2DAS fbBispyribac-Na@25g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop), Oxadiargyl @100g/ha 0-2DASfb Bispyribac-Na@25g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop), Pretilachlore @ 750g/ha at 0-2DASfbAlmix @ 4 g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop), Pyrazosulfuran @ 20 g/ha at 0-2DAS fb ethoxysulfuran @18.75 g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop), Manual Weeding (20,40,60 DAS), Weed free and weedy check were kept in sub-plot. The observations were recorded on weeds and on crop at successive stages of crop growth during both the years. The major weed flora recorded in the experiment were E.crusgalli E. colona and P. maximum of grassy, Commelina benghalensis L. and Eclipta alba of broad leaved group and Cyperus spp. of Sedges group. However, grassy weeds were dominant over other weeds species. Density and dry weight of total weeds, growth, and yield attributes as well as yield of grain and straw, N uptake by weeds and crop were significantly affected due to different treatments. Lower values of weed density and dry weight, N uptake and higher values of growth attributes, N uptake by crop, yield and yield attributes were recorded significantly due to manual weeding thrice (20, 40, 60 DAS), and Pretilachlore @ 750g/ha at 02DASfbAlmix @ 4 g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop) being at par at all characters during both the years. However, weedy check treatment recorded significantly lower values of the entire growth characters yield and yields attributes at all the stages over rest of the weed control treatments. Both of the DSR (wet) drum seeding and broadcasting being at par recorded significantly lower values of weed density, weed dry weight and higher values of growth and yield attributes, grain and straw yield over dry seeding methods during both the years. On the basis of two years experimentation, it may be concluded that higher values of grain yield may be obtained due drum seeding of establishment of rice along with integrated method of using weed management by Pretilachlore @ 750g/ha at 0-2DASfbAlmix @ 4 g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop), while, DSR (wet) drum seeding and broadcasting showed the same response However, direct seeding of rice through drum along with Pretilachlore @ 750g/ha at 0-2DASfbAlmix @ 4 g/ha at 25DAS (3-4 Leaf stage of rice crop) proved superior (BCR values of Rs 2.12 per ha) over other methods of rice establishment under puddled condition.
Assesment of the TEI index of myocardial performance in dogs with doxorubicin-induced cardiomiopathy Evaluación del índice de desempeño miocárdico de TEI en perros con cardiomiopatía inducida por doxorrubicina

SUMMARY The development of a dose-dependent cardiomyopathy is the main limitation for the use of doxorubicin in chemotherapy protocols in both humans and animals. In this setting, the global myocardial function may be compromised resulting in signs of congestive heart failure. In this study, we investigated the ability of the Tei index of myocardial performance to identify myocardial dysfunction in healthy dogs receiving doxorubicin to a cumulative dose of 210 mg/m2 over 147 days, comparing it with other standard echocardiographic indicators of systolic and diastolic function. Our results indicated that the Tei index, the isovolumic relaxation time, pre-ejection period and the pre-ejection period-to-left ventricular ejection time ratio were able to identify the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin on cardiac function when only 60 mg/m 2 had been administered, while the standard systolic and diastolic parameters, including left ventricular diameter at systole, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening needed at least 120 mg/mg 2 to deteriorate. We concluded that prolonged anthracycline therapy compromises both systolic and diastolic functions, which may be documented earlier by including the Tei index evaluation to the standard echocardiographic assessment of animals receiving doxorubicin.
Comments Provided for Consideration to the US EPA on the second external review draft of the Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants

1. The use of Filtered Air (FA) may not be an appropriate control exposure because the 0 ppb O3 FA that is generated in the laboratory does not exist under ambient or indoor air conditions. We recommend that the Agency address in the ISA whether statistically significant effects observed at 60 ppb when compared to a FA control would provide the same significant effects if the effects were compared to O3 hourly average concentrations (i.e., concentrations ≥ 50 ppb) measured under Policy-Relevant Background (PRB) conditions. The original assumption that PRB concentrations range from 15-35 ppb was incorrect and the more recent literature indicates that PRB hourly average O3 concentrations at some locations in the US are much higher than EPA’s original estimates. PRB O3 hourly average concentrations frequently occur at some sites in the US at levels ≥ 50 ppb. No evidence is currently available to conclude that Kim et al. (2011) would have reported a statistically significant difference between the enhanced treatment of 60 ppb and a control that represented observed hourly average concentrations observed at some locations under PRB conditions.
Safety information on transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis-Derived insect control protein

This section summarises the information available on the source of Bacillus thuringiensis -endotoxin genes, the structure and properties of the toxins they encode, unique mechanisms of action, use in plants, toxicity and exposure data, and assessment methods. Some information on Bacillus thuringiensis, the bacterial source of these traits, is included as background and where relevant to the risk assessment of the -endotoxins in plants, however this section does not attempt to address the vast amount of information available on the micro-organism. In addition to the scientific literature, which grew substantially over the last few years, this section also contains data submitted by registration applicants for the US-registered plant pesticide products (called plant-incorporated protectants in US pesticide regulations). These studies are required to be performed according to good laboratory practices regulations (US Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 160) and have been peer reviewed by USEPA scientists for acceptability for use in an environmental assessment. In the US, data from these studies may be released to the public and are available from the companies on request by other regulatory bodies. Some of these data were submitted for products that are no longer registered; however, the data are still valid to illustrate -endotoxin properties. Where it is necessary to illustrate assessments unique to these toxin genes, plant expression data are discussed.
Processus de transition des perceptions de l’état de santé de femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein

In what state of health do women with breast cancer consider themselves to be? Health professionals classify them as cancer victims but few studies have examined women’s perceptions of their own health following a breast cancer diagnosis. We looked at the transition in health perceptions between before and after receiving the diagnosis. From an analysis of semi-structured individual interviews with 32 women, it emerged that 1) over a two-year period, the participants went through circular steps between receipt of the official diagnosis and return of the level of energy, and 2) the participants did not feel sick from breast cancer. A grounded theory design was chosen to model the steps in the transition, which were: react emotionally, face the situation, construct a new identity and react to social representations of cancer.
Understanding the barriers and facilitators of lifestyle intervention programs for preventing diabetes in high risk hispanic adults

Since the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2002) concluded that type 2 diabetes [T2D] can be prevented or delayed in pre-diabetic individuals, translation of the study’s intensive lifestyle intervention has been a research priority. Translational research conducted with the high-risk Hispanic population is in its infancy. In general, the needs of this population for the development and refinement of interventions to prevent T2D have been neglected. This qualitative study explored intervention components and the perceived facilitators and barriers to making and sustaining dietary and physical activity behavior changes within the context of a lifestyle intervention program designed for a high-risk Hispanic population. This study also explored the impact of the lifestyle intervention program and individual behavior change on the lives of participants. Three focus group interviews and one individual interview were conducted with 17 uninsured, predominantly Spanish-speaking individuals who completed a lifestyle program offered by a free urban community health clinic in the northeast region of the U.S. A moderator’s guide with semistructured interview questions was used. Interviews were translated and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was conducted using an inductive data-driven approach. Krueger and Casey’s (2000) criteria for coding and Sandelowski’s (1995) suggestions for qualitative data analysis provided guidance for analysis. Participants described the program they attended as (1) a novel learning experience that provided practical and detailed information, (2) a supportive environment that was motivating and encouraging and (3) a catalyst for changing dietary and physical activity behaviors. Participants voiced the desire to both maintain changes and have access to more program sessions with opportunities for physical activity. Participants described rapidly adopting multiple dietary and physical activity behaviors by linking health behavior to health outcomes and self-regulating through cognitive processes. Three facilitators of dietary and physical activity behaviors were identified: (1) physical and emotional benefits, (2) social support and (3) persistence. Barriers identified were physical sensations, social and emotional aspects of everyday life and unawareness of healthy food options. Program impact included a preference for life after making behavior changes, an increased consciousness that helped sustain behaviors and the desire to continue forward. Participants also recognized the effect their individual changes had on others. In summary, this study found that education, in-person support and program duration were important components of a lifestyle intervention program for a high-risk Hispanic population. Further research is needed to explore tailoring of evidence-based lifestyle interventions and issues related to the sustainability of programs aimed at reducing T2D in high-risk populations.
Tertiary institution learners' HIV/AIDS sensitization tool(s) receptivity: Implications for sustainable democracy in Nigeria

This is a multi-phased study that addresses the issue of tertiary institution based programme for awareness creation in order to integrate HIV/AIDS issues and concerns into social relationships. The purpose of the study was to develop simple communication tool combinations and ascertain through sensitization the potency of the tools to increase HIV/AIDS pandemic awareness among students in Nigerian tertiary institutions of learning. Ten tools were administered and later categorized for same purpose on 100 and 200 level students of two Universities and two Colleges within Lagos metropolis. Each of the items in the questionnaire is biased, with such democratic principles of inclusion, equity and justice. Data were analysed and descriptive statistics used to reveal the quality of each tool as well as to predict their control potency over students’ sexual behaviour and social cohabitation. Among the study findings are that the respondents have, at 25%, a limited knowledge of HIV/AIDS awareness; and 25% were indifferent to awareness programmes due to religious practices and belief, among others. It was recommended that institutions of higher learning should create a centre for HIV/AIDS sensitization and control which will adopt these sensitization tools and integrate them into general courses and relevant campaign procedures. Key words: HIV/AIDS, pandemic, awareness, procedures.
The Effect of Anode Position on Operation of a 25-A class Hollow Cathode

The effect of the distance between a hollow cathode and a cylindrical anode on cathode operation is investigated for two anode geometries. Simulations were performed that demonstrate that the anode diameter and distance from the cathode exit affect the neutral density downstream of the cathode. For a 64-mm diameter cylindrical anode, downstream neutral density is an order of magnitude higher than that for a 254-mm diameter anode and two orders of magnitude higher than the simulation results for in-thruster operation. To experimentally characterize the effect of these differences on cathode operation, axiallysegmented molybdenum anodes were then constructed to these dimensions. For each anode design, cathode performance was characterized for varying anode/cathode distance using metrics such as discharge voltage and oscillation magnitudes, and the radial ion voltage spectra were characterized using a retarding potential analyzer. It was found that as local neutral pressure decreased, discharge voltage and high-voltage ion content in the plume increased. For the 254-mm diameter anode, a tail in excess of 200 V was measured on the ion voltage distribution function for nominal cathode flow rates. The implications of these results for component-level hollow cathode development tests are discussed.
Apr 27, 2019 A critical period of corticomuscular and EMG-EMG coherence detection in healthy infants aged 9-25weeks Corticomuscular and EMG-EMG coherence EMG-EMG in

: The early postnatal development of functional corticospinal connections in human infants is not fully clarified. We used EEG and EMG to investigate the development of corticomuscular and intramuscular coherence as indicators of functional corticospinal connectivity in healthy infants aged 1-66 weeks. EEG was recorded over leg and hand area of motor cortex. EMG recordings were made from right ankle dorsiflexor and right wrist extensor muscles. Quantification of the amount of corticomuscular coherence in the 20-40 Hz frequency band showed a significantly larger coherence for infants aged 9-25 weeks compared to younger and older infants. Coherence between paired EMG recordings from Tibialis anterior muscle in the 20-40 Hz frequency band was also significantly larger for the 9-25 week age group. A low amplitude, broad-duration (40-50 ms) central peak of EMG-EMG synchronization was observed for infants younger than 9 weeks, whereas a short-lasting (10-20 ms) central peak was observed for EMG-EMG synchronization in older infants. This peak was largest for infants in between 9-25 weeks. These data suggest that the corticospinal drive to lower and upper limb muscles shows significant developmental changes with an increase in functional coupling in infants aged 9-25 weeks, a period which coincides partly with the developmental period of normal fidgety movements. We propose that these neurophysiological findings may reflect the existence of a sensitive period where the functional connections between corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity-dependent reorganization. This may be relevant for the timing of early therapy interventions in infants with pre- and peri-natal brain injury. These data indicate that the corticospinal drive to lower and upper limb muscles shows significant developmental change, with a specific increase in functional coupling in the age group 9-25 weeks CA. We propose that this may reflect the existence of a sensitive period where the functional connections between corticospinal tract fibres and spinal motoneurones undergo activity-dependent reorganisation. This is relevant for the timing of early intervention in infants with brain lesions.