Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complex chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a potential biomarker of exposure to high-LET alpha-particles

Purpose: To determine the induction and transmission, to second and third division cells, of complex chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to high-LET alpha-particles in vitro. Materials and methods: Separated peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from four healthy donors were irradiated in vitro with either high-LET alpha-particles (121keV/mum; 0.5Gy) or low-LET X-rays (250kV constant potential; 3Gy). Cells were harvested in first, second and third division post-irradiation and chromosome aberrations observed at each cell division were analysed by combining the techniques of FISH and DAPI/Hoechst 33258 harlequin staining. Whole chromosome probes were used for chromosomes 1, 2 and 5, together with a pan-centromeric probe and the resulting chromosome 'painting' patterns were classified according to the Savage and Simpson (S & S) scheme (Savage and Simpson 1994a, Savage and Tucker 1996). Results: A greater proportion of complex chromosome aberrations was observed, defined as involving three or more breaks in two or more chromosomes, relative to total exchanges, after exposure to 0.5Gy alpha-particles (mean 1 track/cell) than after the high reference dose of 3Gy X-rays (49-56% and 20-22%, respectively). Qualitatively, alpha-particles induced chromosome aberrations of far greater complexity than those observed after X-rays. This was reflected by both the rapid reduction in the percentage of damaged cells between first and second division indicative of cell death, and the spectrum of aberration types observed in second and third division cells post-irradiation. Regardless of this complexity, 15% of the complexes induced by alpha-particles at first division were potentially transmissible and by third division, transmissible-type complexes, specifically insertions, represented the predominant complex type (65%). Conclusion: Transmissible-type complexes were observed, specifically insertions, in both second and third division cells after exposure to high-LET alpha-particles (0.5Gy) in vitro. The authors predict these cells to be stable and to be capable of persisting through many cell generations. Considering that the induction of complex chromosome aberrations by low-LET radiation is strongly dependent on dose, so that they are expected to be undetectable at environmental exposures, insertions are much more likely to be a characteristic feature of high-LET radiation at all doses. From this the usefulness of insertions as biomarkers of past exposure to environmentally relevant doses of high-LET alpha-particles is supported.
A Norwegian National Cohort of 3198 Women Treated with Home-managed Electrical Stimulation for Urinary Incontinence: Demography and Medical History

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the demography, medical history and clinical characteristics of women treated with home-managed electrical stimulation in Norway. Material and methods: This prospective cohort study investigated all 3198 women treated with home-managed electrical stimulation in Norway from 1992 to 1994. Data were collected from both patients and physicians by questionnaires before and after treatment. Results: Mean age was 53 years. According to the physicians, 43, 15, 37 and 5% of the patients had stress, urge, mixed incontinence and other diagnoses, respectively. Fifty-five per cent of the women had had symptoms for 5 years or more, 62% had urinary loss every day/night, and 59% of the patients were classified as having severe or very severe incontinence according to a validated severity index. Fifty-two per cent of the women used a long-term stimulator and 48% a maximal stimulator. Of 645 physicians who requested stimulators, 65% worked in general practice; 70% of the stimulators were requested by physicians working in hospital or specialists in private practice. Gynaecologists requested 53% of the stimulators. Conclusions: The Norwegian reimbursement system can be said to be a numeric success. Electrical stimulation is a treatment option for everyday use in Norway. This complete national cohort of 3198 women treated with home-managed electrical stimulation for urinary incontinence was biased towards younger patients and more severe incontinence.
Acoustic phenotypes for speech-genetics studies: reference data for residual /з/ distortions

An eventual genetic account of at least one subtype of child speech disorders may require the use of acoustic markers to phenotype children and family members. Acoustic markers have the potential for sensitivity and specificity that are not available using auditory-perceptual procedures such as phonetic transcription. Prior reports on the use of acoustics in speech-genetics research have described methods to complete large-scale acoustic analyses, addressed relevant technical and linguistic sampling issues, and provided an acoustic reference database for /s/ production in adolescents. The present paper addresses additional methodological issues and demonstrates how reference data might be used for speech-genetics studies of another class of frequently persisting speech errors - distortions of the English rhotics /r/ and /з/. Findings support the need to adjust acoustic reference data by age and gender, and to subgroup reference data by rhotic phoneme and phonetic context. We describe a z score procedure that accommodates these methodological needs. A companion paper uses these data to develop an acoustic phenotype marker of residual /з/ distortions for speech-genetics research.
Speciation and radiations track climate transitions since the Miocene Climatic Optimum: a case study of southern African chameleons

Aim The high amount of species diversity concentrated in southern Africa has been attributed to palaeoclimatic factors, and the timing of radiations in some taxa corresponds to global palaeoclimatic trends. Using dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion: Chamaeleonidae) as a model system, we explored the relationship between palaeoclimatic fluctuations and cladogenesis with respect to both temporal and spatial patterns in an effort to understand the process of speciation in southern Africa.
The effect of substitution patterns on phonological treatment outcomes

It has been suggested that phonological learning in children with articulation disorders is influenced by the variability or consistency of substitutes used for sounds that are excluded from the inventory. This proposal was based on a post-hoc analysis of children's pre-treatment inventories and substitution patterns, as well as their generalization patterns at the termination of phonological intervention. In the present investigation, an experimental treatment study was conducted as a direct test of a hypothesized relationship between substitution variation and treatment outcomes. Ten children with multiple articulation errors were divided into two groups on the basis of the variability or consistency of their substitutes for sounds that were omitted from their phonetic inventories. The first group (consistent substitute; CS) of children used the same substitute for the omitted sound in all word-positions, whereas children in the second group (variable substitute; VS) varied the substitute within and across word positions. The two groups of children were matched, as closely as possible, on variables for age, phonological knowledge, receptive vocabulary, the sound that was chosen for treatment, and its word-position (i.e. either word-initial or word-final position). Traditional treatment techniques were employed so that only the target sound was presented during therapy sessions. Results confirmed the hypothesis in that all children in the CS group learned the treated sound and generalized it to other contexts; by contrast, no child in the VS group evidenced knowledge of the treated sound by the conclusion of the experiment. These results provide further evidence of the importance of category representation for phonological learning and generalization.
Alternative seeding dates (fall and April) affect Brassica napus canola yield and quality

Brassica napus L. canola production on the Canadian prairies often is limited by hot, dry growing conditions in early July and a short growing season. Brassica napus canola seeded in the fall just prior to freeze-up or in the early spring as soon as fields are passable may allow canola to avoid these adverse conditions. Our objective was to determine if late October (fall), or mid- to late April (April) seeding dates improve canola yield and quality relative to a mid-May (15 to 20 May) seeding date. Plant density and height, phenological development, seed yield, seed weight and seed oil content were assessed in plots sown to herbicide-tolerant B. napus canola at three seeding dates on five fallow sites and three stubble sites at Scott, SK, from 1994 to 1998. A thinner plant stand occurred for the fall compared with spring seeding dates; however, this difference rarely corresponded with less canola yield. Fifty percent flowering occurred 20 d earlier (June rather than July), reproductive growth (50% flower.
The Use of a Calcium Alginate Film for Coating Cut-Up Poultry

Abstract THE rapid dehydration of cut-up poultry and the resultant loss in weight have discouraged many retail stores from handling chilled poultry that has been cut up and packaged at the processing plant. If dehydration could be reduced, the cost of cutting up and handling fryers at processing plants would probably be less than in retail stores. Jordan and Saunders (1958) in a study of the costs of these services reported that there were lower labor rates, more sanitary conditions, more uniform packaging, a higher quality product, the elimination of certain inconveniences for the retailer and brand identification for the processor when these services were performed at the processing plant. On the other hand there was more loss in weight from dehydration, it was necessary to use more expensive packaging materials and it required more frequent deliveries to stores to help offset weight losses. These workers reported that fryers cut up …
GHOST FISHING EFFECTS OF LOST BOTTOM TRAMMEL NETS IN A STORM: A SIMULATION

The ghost fishing effects of bottom trammel nets, which drift on rocks in the bad weather conditions were investigated in regards of mortality of commercially important and endangered species in this study. Underwater experiments were performed in Yumurtalik, Iskenderun Bay between June 2013 and October 2013. Two panel experimental nets were used and data were gathered by underwater observation. During the study, 26 different species, belonging to 17 families, were caught in experimental nets. Teleost and crustaceans formed 98% of the captured individuals. The 24-hour catch rate of the experimental nets showed a rapid decline in the first few weeks and, by the 60 day, the decline was 80%. Afterwards, the decline slowly continued. No individual was caught in experimental nets after the 105 day. For this reason, the fishing life of the lost nets was assumed to be day 105. In the region, the mortality numbers of teleosts and crustaceans caused by bottom trammel nets lost by the entire fishing fleet were identified as 1291 (100 kg) and 6102 (990 kg) individuals, respectively. This mortality rate (0.55% for fish) can be considered to be insignificant in all fisheries, but the mortality rates of threatened species, such as Epinephelus marginatus and Chelonia mydas, were found to be noteworthy.
Coastal Cutthroat Trout: A Life History Compendium

Abstract The coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki occurs along the Pacific coast of North America from Humboldt Bay, California, to Prince William Sound, Alaska, in a zone that closely overlaps the coastal rain forest belt. This species exhibits anadromous, potamodromous stream-dwelling, potamodromous lake-dwelling, and headwater stream-resident life history forms. Anadromous fish spawn in small tributaries from late winter through spring, depending on the locality. Juveniles remain in streams for two or more years and congregate during their early months in habitats along stream edges. Later, they move to pools unless coho salmon O. kisutch are present, in which case they are driven to riffles. Most anadromous cutthroat trout juveniles smolt at age 2 if they migrate to sheltered saltwater areas or age 3 or 4 if they migrate to the open ocean. Seaward migration peaks in May, and the fish remain close inshore while in salt water. The fish seldom overwinter at sea but return to rivers in the f.
Association of HLA-DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype in patients with multiple sclerosis in Khuzestan province

The aim of the present study was to reveal a part of genetic profile of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Khuzestan province. The contribution of HLA-DR2 haplotype (HLA-DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102DQB1*0602) to MS risk is confirmed. This study included 187 MS patients and 192 healthy individuals. HLA alleles were genotyped, using the polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method. The statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software. The results of this study demonstrated that distribution of HLA-DQA1*0102DQB1*0602 haplotype was statistically different between patients and controls. HLADRB1*1501-DQA1*0102 was more frequent among women although DQA1*0102DQB1*0602 showed negative association of female patients compare with female controls. Significant correlation was observed among DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102 with Fars group. HLADRB1*1501-DQA1*0102 haplotype was positively associated with EDSS steps 5 to 10. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102 haplotype may involve in MS susceptibility among women.
Horse Purslane (Trianthema Portulacastrum), Smellmelon (Cucumis Melo), and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) Control in Peanut with Postemergence Herbicides

Field studies were conducted during the 2003 through 2005 growing seasons to evaluate postemergence herbicides and timing of application for horse purslane, smellmelon, and Palmer amaranth control in peanut. Acifluorfen provided inconsistent control of the three weed species. Bentazon failed to control Palmer amaranth, horse purslane, and smellmelon (< 65%), whereas 2,4-DB controlled horse purslane and smellmelon less than 70%. Diclosulam applied early postemergence (EPOST) controlled Palmer amaranth at least 77% but horse purslane control varied from 27 to 73% when applied EPOST and was less than 50% with the late postemergence (LPOST) application. Diclosulam controlled smellmelon less than 65%. Imazethapyr and imazapic controlled Palmer amaranth and smellmelon at least 70% but controlled horse purslane less than 65%. Lactofen controlled Palmer amaranth and horse purslane at least 93% with the EPOST application but had inconsistent control (40 to 100%) when applied LPOST. Smellmelon control with lactofen was also inconsistent. Removal of weed interference with all herbicides except bentazon provided peanut yields greater than the nontreated check. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen, bentazon, diclosulam, imazapic, imazethapyr, lactofen, 2,4-DB, horse purslane, Trianthema portulacastrum L. TRTPO, Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPA, smellmelon, Cucumis melo L. var. Dudaim Naud. CUMME, peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tamrun 96. ’
Use of a Fungal Lipase for Enhancement of Aroma in Black Tea

Lipases produced extracellularly by bacteria and fungi are being widely used in the food industry for flavour development. During tea processing, the possibility of enhancing the flavour of tea by the exogenous addition of lipase has not been reported. It was therefore considered worthwhile to amend tea leaves with microbial lipases and observe the changes in the flavour profile of the finished product. Among a few fungal lipases screened, the enzyme secreted by Rhizomucor miehei increased the formation of desired flavour compounds. Hence, studies were initiated to achieve enhanced production of this industrially useful enzyme. Under solid-state fermentation R.M. miehei produces an extracellular lipase in copious amounts on a simple solid substrate within 96 h, which is active at lower temperatures and at near-neutral pH. These attributes make this enzyme suitable for use during the manufacturing of tea, where reactions are carried out at temperatures of 15 to 20 ̊C and pH range of 5 to 7. In the present study, exogenous addition of lipase resulted in an increase in flavour volatiles, which contribute to the aroma of tea.
Alterations of haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameter in diarrhoeic buffalo calves

This study was envisaged to elucidate the clinico-pathological aspects viz haematological, serum biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in diarrhoeic buffalo calves. Investigation was carried out on 21 buffalo calves (6 healthy and 15 buffalo calves affected with diarrhoea). Haematological studies revealed significant decrease in value of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC). There was no significant variation in values of erythrocyte indices i.e. mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Significant increase in total leukocytic count (TLC) was observed in calves affected with diarrhoea. Serum biochemical studies revealed that although there were increase in values of total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin in diarrhoeic buffalo calves but that was not significant. However, there was decrease in albumin: globulin ratio in diarrhoeic buffalo calves. Significant increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was noticed in diarrhoeic buffalo calves whereas, non-significant increase in activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed. Studies of oxidative stress parameters showed that there was significant decrease in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) whereas significant increase in activity of catalase was noticed in diarrhoeic buffalo calves. The present study elucidated that there are alterations of haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in buffalo calves showing diarrhoeic symptoms.
Inducibility of RANTES mRNA by IL-1β in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Associated with Increased NF-κB DNA Binding Activity

Abstract RANTES is a member of a large supergene family of proinflammatory chemokines that seems to play an important role in inflammatory processes. It is produced by many cell types in response to specific stimuli and during inflammatory reactions, but the marked differences in the pattern of induced expression suggest that different control mechanisms regulate transcription of RANTES in various tissue types. This is supported by the presence of a large number of potential binding sites for trascriptional factors in the promoter region of the RANTES gene. Our data indicate that expression of RANTES mRNA induced by IL-1β in human lung epithelial cells is associated with the activation of the transcriptional factor NF-κB.
And the word became text: A 4 x 4 toolkit for scaffolding writing in secondary English

While teachers of English have long recognised the vital role they play in developing students' knowledge and effective use of language, the emergence of the Australian Curriculum: English has led to a great deal of discussion concerning the representation of language and the type of meta-language needed to share understandings of literacy and literature with students. Of particular concern is that teachers be provided with language resources which are not limited to either abstract representations of text structure or to decontextualised word level grammatical forms. This paper responds to these concerns by presenting a toolkit, developed as a 4 x 4 framework, to map the multifaceted resources needed to understand and generate texts within subject English, from the more abstract whole text level to their concrete manifestations as words and forms. In framing language resources according to the meanings and levels which are most at stake for literacy development and literature response, the 4 x 4 aims to provide resources for teachers in working with the three strands of the Australian Curriculum: English in meaningful and creative ways.
Effect of agronomic manipulations on growth, yield attributes and seed cotton yield of American cotton under semi-arid conditions.

Field studies were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Station, Faridkot during Kharif 2012 to evaluate the performance of three hirsutum genotypes (Bihani251, CSH3129 and LH2076) in main, two plant geometries (67.5×60 cm and 67.5×75 cm) in sub and three nitrogen levels (56, 75 and 94 kg N/ha) in sub plots of Split Plot Design replicated thrice. None of the tested new genotypes i.e. Bihani 251 (2074.5 kg/ha) and CSH3129 (1969.6 kg/ha) could out yield check variety LH2076 (2281.1 kg/ha). Among plant geometries, 67.5×60 cm recorded significantly better SCY (2258.7 kg/ha) as compared to 67.5×75 cm spacing (1958.1 kg/ha) primarily owing to higher plant population though bolls per plant were significantly superior under wider (44.6) over the narrow (40.9) plant geometry. Seed cotton yield also differed non-significantly for nitrogen levels. Though cost of cultivation increased statistically with each increase of nutrient levels, but gross as well as net returns and B:C ratio could not improve significantly indicating 56 kg N to be optimum level under semi-arid conditions.
Factors Influencing the Selection of Restaurant for Dining in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

Eating outside the home became a new trend nowadays in Dhaka city of Bangladesh, and that has an impact on the restaurant industry of Dhaka. This is due to the increase in income and the changes in tastes and preference of the city dwellers. Hence, this study has been designed to identify the factors influencing the selection of restaurants by the Dhaka city dwellers. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this study. A structured questionnaire having five-point scale, one having strongly disagreed and five having strongly agreed used to conduct the survey. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were sued to descriptive the restaurants, and the variables of Dhaka city and inferential statistics were used to identify the relationship between the factors influencing the selection of the restaurants and the overall selection decision of the restaurant customers. Results show that the restaurant customers are influenced by five factors such as customer service, availability of variety and junk foods, maintenance of privacy, the brand name of the restaurant, and availability of ready-made food in Dhaka.
ZINC AND BORON MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZATION ON THE GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SUNFLOWER IN RICE-SUNFLOWER CROPPING SEQUENCE

A field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu during summer season of 2014-15 to study the growth and physiological attributes of sunflower as influenced by soil and foliar fertilization of Zn and B. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations which includes recommend dose of fertilizer (RDF) as control and RDF along with Zn and B soil and foliar fertilization at different stages of crop growth. From the experimental result, it could be concluded that soil application of micronutrients ZnSO4 25kg ha -1, borax 5kg ha-1 and foliar fertilization of ZnSO4 at the rate of 0.5 percent at star bud stage and borax 0.2 percent at ray floret stage was the optimal agronomic micronutrient management practice for obtaining higher values of growth attributes viz., plant height, days to fifty percent flowering, dry matter production, leaf area index and crop growth rate.