Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on acute appendicitis with a special reference to appendicoliths and periappendicular abscesses

Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that acute appendicitis might have two different forms with different disease severities. Uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis appear to be distinct entities instead of consecutive events. Appendicitis does not always inevitably progress to perforation and most cases are uncomplicated by nature. This supports the importance of an accurate differential diagnosis between uncomplicated and complicated acute appendicitis enabling treatment optimization. This thesis consists of three studies. The first study evaluated the possibility to differentiate between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis using only clinical symptoms and laboratory markers with a special focus on predicting the presence of an appendicolith without the use of modern imaging. We found neither sufficiently reliable to accurately estimate the severity of acute appendicitis or to determine the presence of an appendicolith, supporting the use of computed tomography imaging to assess the disease. The second study focused on clarifying the histopathological differences between uncomplicated acute appendicitis and acute appendicitis presenting with an appendicolith; a calcified deposit of faecal material in the appendiceal lumen. It’s presence has been shown to predict perforation and failure of conservative treatment. This study evaluated the histopathological findings of computed tomography diagnosed uncomplicated acute appendicitis and appendicolith appendicitis without perforation. Acute appendicitis presenting with an appendicolith was histopathologically different from uncomplicated acute appendicitis on all the assessed histological parameters, indicating the potentially complicated nature of appendicolith appendicitis. The third study was a randomized, multicentre clinical trial comparing interval appendectomy with follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging after successful initial non-operative treatment of complicated acute appendicitis presenting with a periappendicular abscess. The study hypothesis was that an interval appendectomy might not be necessary based on the previously reported low appendicitis recurrence rate after a periappendicular abscess. The original study hypothesis was left unresolved, as an unexpectedly high rate of appendiceal neoplasms was detected in the study population and the study was prematurely terminated. The neoplasm rate after a periappendicular abscess in this prematurely terminated study was high (20%). All the neoplasms were detected in patients over 40 years of age, strongly supporting an interval appendectomy for all patients over 40 years of age if this rate of neoplasms is validated in future studies.
Prescribing pattern of antidepressant drugs in two teaching hospitals in Bangladesh

As depression is a major public health problem, a drug utilization study is beneficial in clinical practice for rational prescribing and helpful for minimizing the medication errors. In our country antidepressant drugs are commonly used in treatment of depression. To obtain information regarding the prescribing pattern of antidepressant drugs in accordance with WHO prescribing indicators, a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at psychiatry out-patient department of Sir Salimullah Medical College & Hospital(SSMCH) and Dhaka Medical College Hospital(DMCH) in Bangladesh. A total of 300 (150 in each hospital) prescriptions were analyzed by using WHO prescribing indicators and Essential Drug List of Bangladesh. Among 300 patients with major depression (64%, 58.66%), females were(53.33%, 58%) and males were (46.67%, 42%) which is commonly seen between the age group 18-27 years in DMCH and SSMCH respectively. Most commonly prescribed antidepressant as monotherapy was sertraline (58.02%, 70%). Average number of drugs per prescription was (2.24 ± 0.93, 2.12 ± 0.83). Percentage of drug prescribed by generic name and percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed was nil in both hospitals. Percentage of drugs prescribed from Essential Drug List of Bangladesh was (37.5%, 25.47%) in DMCH and SSMCH respectively. Prescribing pattern of antidepressant drugs in both teaching hospitals are almost similar in accordance with WHO prescribing indicators. Mediscope Vol. 6, No. 2: Jul 2019, Page 53-58
An application for Olze’s method and tooth coronal index for age estimation of a Turkish adult population

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the tooth coronal index (TCI) and Olze’s method for age estimation in Turkish individuals. The digital panoramic radiographs of 860 individuals ranging from 18 to 60 years of age were evaluated. The TCI was calculated using the ratio between coronal pulp cavity height and crown height in mandibular premolar teeth. We also analysed, four dental parameters (secondary dentin formation, attrition, periodontal recession, cementum apposition) of Olze’s method. Linear and multiple regression models were established for each tooth groups. The correlations between age and TCIs were r= -0.45 and r= -0.53 for the mandibular first and second premolars, respectively (p<0.01). The regression equations that were derived for age estimation using TCI showed a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 0.20 to 0.32; the standard errors of estimates (SEE) ranged from 10.01 to 10.96 years. For Olze’s method, R2 values ranged between 0.76 and 0.80; SEE ranged from 5.64 to 6.08 years. We concluded that Olze’s method was useful for age estimation among Turkish adults. The TCI method found to be of more limited the use in age estimation due to a higher standard error of estimations, compared with Olze’s method.
Art inquiry into the experiences of a family of a child living with a chronic pain condition : a case study

Chronic pain among children is poorly understood, and few studies portray the experiences of sufferers and their families. This qualitative case study aimed at gaining a rich description and a contextual understanding of the experiences of a young chronic pain sufferer, aged 6, and her family members through an art-making process. Several examples of the art images are presented along with excerpts from the exploratory conversations that captured the meanings that the child and family members came to understand from the art-making process. A discussion focused on art as a research and counselling tool is presented.
A community based study on the prevalence of risk factors of cancer cervix in married women of a rural area of West Bengal.

Research question: What is the prevalence of the established risk factors associated with cancer cervix? Objective: To assess the presence of some determinants of cancer cervix among married, rural women of reproductive age group. Study design: Community based, cross â€“ sectional, observational study. Setting: Rural: Village East Gobindopur is Singur block in Hooghly district of West Bengal. Study population : All the married women of reproductive age group (103) of the village were included in the study. Results: More than two â€“ third (72.8%) of the study population belonged to the vulnerable age group (25-45 years) for this disease while 59.3% were married before they attained 18 years of age. Again 50% (approx) of the married women gave birth to their first child before they were 18 years of age. One â€“ third of the study population had parity higher than three. Two â€“ third of the women studied were using one or more methods of family planning and one â€“ third of the same population were permanently sterilized, 20% were using oral contraceptive pills and only 7.7% were using barrier methods of contraception. Only 31% of the women had satisfactory genital hygiene practice and 36.9% had symptoms of reproductive tract infection. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of some important risk factors associated with cancer cervix like age, age of marriage, age of first child birth, parity ,family planning practices, genital hygiene and reproductive tract infections in the study population. Therefore screening and early detection efforts can be directed specifically to the group at risk.
Walking behaviors for stroke survivors: comparison between straight line and curved path

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare walking conditions (straight line and curved path) on walking patterns in persons who had experienced hemiplegic stroke and to determine whether if they adapt their walking pattern and performances according to changes in environmental conditions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-four hemiplegic stroke survivors participated in this study. This study measured walking performance in three different walking conditions, such as straight walking, the more-affected leg in the inner curve walking, and less-affected leg in the inner curve walking conditions, and a 2-dimentional gait analysis system was used as a primary measurement. This study also measured secondary clinical factors including the Timed Up-and-Go Test, the Trunk Impairment Scale, and the Dynamic Gait Index. Results: After analyzing, cadence and step length of the less-affected side, stride length in the more-affected side, and stride length in less-affected side were significantly different among the three different walking conditions in this study ( p <0.05), but other temporospatial parameters were not significant. Cadence was the largest in the straight walking condition. Step length in the less-affected side, stride length in the more-affected side, and stride length in less-affected side were also the longest in the straight walking condition. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that hemiplegic stroke survivors show walking adaptability according to changes in walking demands and conditions, and moreover, cadence and step and stride lengths were significantly different between straight and curved walking conditions.
Pelvic floor anatomy and imaging

Abstract The pelvic floor is a complex, three-dimensional mechanical apparatus that consists of several components: the pelvic organs and endopelvic fascia, the ligament and perineal membrane, the levator ani muscles and superficial perineal muscles, and the pelvic nerves. The support for the pelvic organs comes from connections to the bony pelvis and its attached muscles. Any damage to the structural and functional interactions of the pelvic floor elements can potentially cause multicompartmental dysfunction. Surgical management of pelvic floor disorders depends on a comprehensive understanding of the structural integrity and function of the pelvic floor. As a result of technological progress, dedicated imaging modalities including static and dynamic 3D and 4D transvaginal, endoanal and transperineal ultrasound, dynamic Magnetic Resonance, and evacuation proctography have been introduced. The "integrated" use of these techniques provides outstanding visualization of the anatomy of the pelvic floor, allowing for accurate assessment of the major disorders—urinary and fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and obstructed defecation syndrome.
Cognitive development of very preterm born children at 11 years of age

Very preterm birth poses a risk to adverse neurodevelopment. Specific cognitive impairments can be assessed at five years of age. Milder cognitive impairments, however, may only grow into deficits at school age. This thesis is a part of the regional and multidisciplinary follow-up project PIPARI (PIeniPAinoisten RIskilasten käyttäytyminen ja toimintakyky imeväisiästä kouluikään). The thesis consists of three original studies that present data on 11-year-old very preterm born children (birth weight ≤1500g and/or <32 gestational weeks) born between 2001 and 2004. In Study I, the cognitive profile of the very preterm born children and the associated risk factors were evaluated. In Study II, the educational abilities and received support services of the very preterm born children were compared against the controls. In Study III, the executive functions of the very preterm born children at home and at school were compared against the controls and associated risk factors were evaluated. The main findings of the thesis were that the cognitive profile of the children born very preterm was within the average range but with results significantly lower than the mean test norms. General cognitive development at five years of age was highly correlated with general cognitive development at 11 years of age. Very preterm born children without severe cognitive impairment had age-appropriate academic and classroom performance at school, but they received significantly more support services than the controls. Compared to the controls, very preterm born children without severe cognitive impairment only had more problems in terms of their working memory at school. In this thesis, the most clinically significant risk factors for adverse cognitive development at 11 years of age were major pathologies observed with brain magnetic resonance imaging at term, low paternal education, surgical necrotizing enterocolitis and male gender. The findings suggest that children born very preterm meet everyday challenges at middle school age better than their cognitive profile would let us to expect. The most important goal in long-term follow-up of school age very preterm children is to evaluate their performance in everyday life and to provide knowledge about how preterm birth may affect learning and to provide detailed cognitive assessments with low threshold if problems emerge.
Updated results of phase I trial of sorafenib (S) and bevacizumab (B) in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC)

5011 Background: We conducted a Phase I trial of S and B to study inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway at both the ligand (B) and receptor (S), and platelet derived growth factor receptor (S) in mRCC. Methods: Pts with measurable mRCC, adequate organ function, and PS 0–1 were eligible. Cohorts of at least 6 pts were enrolled to define the MTD and DLT of B given IV q 2wks and S po QD on 28-day cycles. Response and toxicity were assessed after 2 cycles. Initial doses were S at 200mg BID and B at 5 mg/kg with modification based on observed toxicities. High dose pyridoxine was administered in some cohorts attempting to ameliorate hand-foot syndrome (HFS) symptoms. Results: 47/48 pts completed their 1st response evaluation. Median age was 61 yrs (35–83 ); M/F: 40/8; PS: 0/1= 32/16; 41 clear cell, 7 non-clear cell; 41 had prior nephrectomy; 6 prior IFN and 9 prior IL-2. The table summarizes dose levels explored and toxicities. Toxicities included PUD, rash, weight loss, proteinuri.
Parole supervision and reoffending

Although more than 12,000 offenders are on parole at any given time, little is known about the effectiveness of parole supervision in reducing reoffending. The few studies that have been conducted involve samples of parolees released from prison in other countries. The present study is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of parole supervision in Australia. It compares several groups of offenders, matched in terms of the factors likely to affect reoffending, but differing in terms of whether they are supervised and if supervised, in terms of the intensity of supervision. The results suggest that parole supervision does reduce the risk of reoffending.
Among Native American teenagers sex without contraceptives is common.

In the Indian Adolescent Health Survey developed at the University of Minnesota in conjunction with the Indian Health Service 70% of a final sample of 13454 rural 7-12 grade students living on or near reservations drawn from an estimated population of 165659 completed 1 hour self-administered anonymous questionnaires designed at a 5th grade reading level that covered among other topics sexual behavior. The average age at 1st intercourse was 13.6 years for males and 14.2 years for females and 35% of all males and 27% of all female had had intercourse with the percent increasing with grade level. Those with signs of emotional stress or sexual or physical abuse were more likely to be sexually active. Reasons for waiting were religion waiting until they were older fear of pregnancy wanting to wait until marriage not being ready emotionally fearing disease and because it violated their parents values. 50% of females and 40% of males sexually active used a contraceptive method older females were more likely to use contraceptives than younger females and males showed no grade difference. Condoms were the most common method for all grades the pill was 2nd and withdrawal was used by 10% of males and females and more likely in older teenagers. Reasons for never using contraceptives included not thinking about it and that intercourse was unexpected; fewer than 10% of the sexually active teenagers said they were too embarrassed to get contraceptives their partners did not want it they worried about side effects or they wanted a pregnancy. The teenagers worried about AIDS other sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies and said they would seek help for pregnancy from parents friends health providers or no one.
The bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation does not occur in elderly female outpatients

Introduction: The relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is bidirectional. Both diseases are characterised by high prevalence, additionally increasing with age. CKD, especially with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 is a well-known independent risk factor of AF. However, this relationship was inadequately evaluated in elderly patients, especially females. Aim of the research: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between CKD and AF and if it is bidirectional in elderly females. Material and methods: The data was obtained from 336 female outpatients, aged 70 to 84 years, suffering from CKD. Results: Out of 336 females outpatients aged over 70 years suffering from CKD (10.12% with GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) selected to the study, 8.63% were diagnosed with AF, 21.13% with diabetes, and 63.99% with hypertension. 4.46% underwent a myocardial infraction, and 2.68% underwent a stroke. No relationship between CKD and AF was found (neither depending on stage of CKD, nor in multivariant analysis). AF correlated with diabetes and stroke but not with renal function parameters. Conclusions: In elderly females CKD does not influence on prevalence of AF, suggesting different pathogenesis of AF in this group. Further studies are required to establish this pathogenesis and potential risk factors of AF in this group of patients.
Assessment of knowledge on osteoporosis among menopausal women residing at rural areas of Kutch: A cross-sectional study

Background and Aim: Menopause can increase a woman’s risk of developing osteoporosis. The drop in oestrogen levels that occurs around the time of menopause results in increased bone loss. Hence the aim of the study was to determine the level of knowledge of pre-menopausal women regarding osteoporosis residing at rural area of Kutch. Material and Methods: Population in this study consists of pre-menopausal women who are in the age group of 30-45 years residing at rural area of Kutch. Sample for the study consists of 120 pre-menopausal women in the age group of 30-45 years and are residing in selected rural community areas of Kutch. Risk test and Knowledge questionnaire were administered to 60 subjects [BMI was checked with the help of the formula weight (kg)/height (meter) 2]. Weight and height were measured by the help of standardized weighing machine and inch tape. Results: The data depict that equal number of (35% each) premenopausal women are having primary and high school education, whereas rest (30%) of the pre-menopausal women are having college education. Less than half of the premenopausal women (38%) are having an income from Rs. 2001-4000 and Rs. 40016000 (35%). Most of the women are (48%) at moderate risk of osteoporosis, 32% are at high risk, and the rest (20%) are at low risk of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Most of the women had poor knowledge regarding osteoporosis. Most of the women are at moderate risk of osteoporosis. Knowledge had significant association with demographic variables such as educational status and monthly income.
Papillary predominant histological subtype predicts poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background This study aims to investigate whether papillary predominant histological subtype can predict poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Between January 2005 and December 2016, a total of 80 patients with papillary predominant subtype lung adenocarcinoma (70 males, 10 females; mean age 60.7 years; range, 42 to 79 years) operated in our clinic were included in the study. These patients were compared with those having lepidic, acinar, and mucinous subtypes. Overall and five-year survival rates were evaluated. Results Five-year survival was 40.5% in papillary predominant histological subtype, while this rate was 70.9%, 59.0%, and 66.6% in lepidic, acinar, and mucinous subtypes, respectively. Papillary subtype showed significantly poor survival compared to lepidic (p=0.002), acinar (p=0.008), and mucinous subtypes (p=0.048). In Stage 1 disease, it was more evident (papillary, 47.5%, lepidic 86.9% [p=0.001], acinar 69.3% [p=0.040], and mucinous 90.0% [p=0.050]). Conclusion Our study results suggest that papillary predominant subtype predicts poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma and these cases may be candidates for adjuvant treatment modalities even in the earlier stages of disease.