Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obesity and Weight Regulation

The last 12 months have shown once more that obesity and weight regulation are among the most interesting biomedical fields of science. The number of high-quality papers reflects the multiple research activities which now can be documented at many places around the world. The last 12 months have also demonstrated that different governments in Europe have taken over some responsibility of the obesity epidemic as demonstrated by the European Charter on counteracting obesity (www.iotf.org). The aim of the Charter is to address the growing challenge posed by the epidemic of obesity on health, economies and development. The Charter has been established by the WHO European Ministerial Conference on Counteracting Obesity (Istanbul, Turkey, November 15–17, 2006). It acknowledges that the prevalence of obesity has risen up to threefold in the last two decades. Half of all adults and 1 in 5 children in the WHO European Region are overweight. Of these, one third is already obese, and numbers are increasing fast. Overweight and obesity contribute to a large proportion of non-communicable diseases, shortening life expectancy and adversely affecting the quality of life. More than 1 million deaths in the Region annually are due to diseases related to excess body weight. The trend is particularly alarming in children and adolescents, thus passing the epidemic into adulthood and creating a growing health burden for the next generation. The annual rate of increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity has been rising steadily and is currently up to ten times higher than it was in 1970. This Charter will also help scientists and physicians to stimulate experimental and clinical studies as well as preventive activities in their countries. This Charter should be known by every ESPE member. For the yearbook selection this year, only articles published in journals with an impact factor of more than 4 were considered, assuming that relevant findings were published in these journals. The top findings of the last year lay within the areas of endocrinology of body weight regulation and endocrinology of the adipocyte. Two well-written reviews which are not included as an extensive summary are mentioned here:
Practical guide for socio-economic livelihood, land tenure and rights surveys for use in collaborative ecosystem-based land use planning

Socio-economic survey tools provide a means of improving understanding of local resource management systems, resource use and the relative importance of resources for households and villages. They can also be used to elicit insights on interaction with government decision-making systems, community perceptions of trends and priority issues, and community-based institutions and their role in the sustainable use and conservation of natural resources. Use of such tools is an important first step in engaging local communities and ensuring that local voices are heard and that the community relationship with resources, land rights and access are incorporated into collaborative land use planning processes. Collaborative land use planning involves working with all stakeholders - government, communities, the private sector and others - to ensure that land is used sustainably and that environmental degradation and forest loss are avoided, while accounting for the social and economic implications for all users. With respect to communities, collaborative land use planning aims: To ensure that land use planning decisions are made with consideration of local communities' opinions, land use needs and socio-economic conditions, including rights of access to and use of land. The aim of this guide (and the Supporting Notes) is to provide practical steps (survey design, sampling and data requirements; planning and training, conducting the survey) for field-based practitioners to conduct socio-economic surveys of households and villages, including focus groups and key informant interviews. The information obtained can be used directly in the collaborative land use planning process, helping to facilitate or reinforce a consensus on land tenure and rights, now and in the future.
The causal-noncausal alternation in the Northern Tungusic languages of Russia

Languages differ widely in the way they code causal-noncausal alternations, in which a verb event is either presented as happening by itself (the noncausal event) or as being instigated by an external causer (the causal event). Some languages, such as English, tend not to make a morphological distinction; rather, the same form of certain verbs can express both a causal and a noncausal event, depending on the context. Other languages, such as Romanian or Russian, have a strong tendency to mark the noncausal event morphologically, while yet others, such as Turkish, tend to code the causal event with morphological means (Haspelmath 1993). We here investigate the causal-noncausal alternation in Even, Negidal, and Evenki, three Northern Tungusic languages spoken in the Russian Federation, in a cross-linguistic perspective. In these languages, morphological means for decreasing and increasing valency predominate, although equipollence – in which both forms are morphologically marked without one being derivable from the other – is a salient strategy for verbs of destruction. Although we find broadly comparable coding patterns in these and other Tungusic languages that are similar to what is found in other languages of Northern Asia, there are numerous intriguing differences at a fine-grained level.
First-principles study of structural properties and morphotropic phase boundaries of Ag1-xKxNbO3 solid solutions

Abstract Density functional theory was used to inspect the structural properties and morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs) of Ag1-xKxNbO3 (AKN) solid solutions. Structural properties of pristine AgNbO3 in Pbcm and Pmc21 phases were firstly investigated. The obtained crystal structures were found to be in good agreement with those from experiments. From the formation energy calculation of AKN solid solutions, the coexistences between Pbcm and Pmc21 phases and between Bmm2 and Pm phases were found to be in the composition ranges of x < “0.46” and x > “0.46,” respectively. Therefore, the MPB separating the antiferroelectric and the ferroelectric phases can be specified at x ≈ “0.46. ” This theoretical study provides x ≈ “0.46” as a suggestive composition probably useful to acquire superior piezoelectricity for the utilization of AKN with reduced volatility of alkali elements at the A-site.
Model Reference Adaptive Stabilizing Control With Application to Leaderless Consensus

This article describes an extension of the well-known model reference adaptive control (MRAC) approach. The extension relies on explicitly involving the tracking error in the feedback control law: it is shown that including this term along with its appropriate extra adaptive gain allows one to handle possibly unstable reference dynamics. Owing to its stabilizing nature, the proposed framework is referred to as model reference adaptive stabilizing control. Such an extension turns out to be particularly useful in leaderless consensus of heterogeneous uncertain agents, since the literature has discussed that leaderless adaptation may not avoid unstable closed-loop dynamics. In such consensus setting, the framework, referred to as model reference adaptive stabilizing consensus, generalizes the existing MRAC-based consensus schemes and can achieve consensus when state-of-the-art MRAC-based schemes may fail.
Improvements Based on ShuffleNetV2 Model for Bird Identification

Bird identification and classification are of great significance in bird conservation. Through proper bird classification, the changes in bird populations in a given area can be effectively predicted, thereby ensuring their effective protection. Nowadays, deep learning has achieved high accuracy in classifying bird images. However, most existing models suffer from poor generalization ability and high complexity. To enhance the model’s generalization ability, this paper constructed a large dataset consisting of 275 bird species and the dataset contains bird pictures in different situations, such as rainy days, foggy days. To reduce model complexity, a lightweight neural network based on ShuffleNetV2 was constructed. In ShuffleNetV2 network, there is no feature fusion module and efficient attention mechanism to assist the feature learning of the model. Therefore, this paper adds a feature fusion module and two attention mechanisms to make up for this shortcoming. A multi-channel feature fusion structure (MCF) was adopted to improve the network’s adaptability to extract information from multiple channel scales. By introducing Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) Module and Coordinate attention (CA) in the Block module, the model’s ability to refine the global features was enhanced. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the model in identifying 275 bird species on the self-built dataset is 92.3%, which is 6.1% higher than the accuracy of ShuffleNetV1 (86.2%) and 1.8% higher than the accuracy of ShuffleNetV2 (90.5%). At the same time, with smaller parameters and floating point operations (FLOPs), its accuracy is 1.2% higher than ResNet50’s accuracy (ResNet50’s accuracy is 91.1%), which can save the cost better.
An Animal Model for Chronic Meningeal Inflammation and Inflammatory Demyelination of the Cerebral Cortex

Modeling chronic cortical demyelination allows the study of long-lasting pathological changes observed in multiple sclerosis such as failure of remyelination, chronically disturbed functions of oligodendrocytes, neurons and astrocytes, brain atrophy and cognitive impairments. We aimed at generating an animal model for studying the consequences of chronic cortical demyelination and meningeal inflammation. To induce long-lasting cortical demyelination and chronic meningeal inflammation, we immunized female Lewis rats against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and injected lentiviruses for continuing overexpression of the cytokines TNFα and IFNγ in the cortical brain parenchyma. Immunization with MOG and overexpression of TNFα and IFNγ led to widespread subpial demyelination and meningeal inflammation that were stable for at least 10 weeks. We demonstrate here that immunization with MOG is necessary for acute as well as chronic cortical demyelination. In addition, long-lasting overexpression of TNFα and IFNγ in the brain parenchyma is sufficient to induce chronic meningeal inflammation. Our model simulates key features of chronic cortical demyelination and inflammation, reminiscent of human multiple sclerosis pathology. This will allow molecular, cellular and functional investigations for a better understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of the cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis.
University of Southern Denmark Potential gains in life expectancy by reducing inequality of lifespans in Denmark an international comparison and cause-of-death analysis

Background: Reducing lifespan inequality is increasingly recognized as a health policy objective. Whereas lifespan inequality declined with rising longevity in most developed countries, Danish life expectancy stagnated between 1975 and 1995 for females and progressed slowly for males. It is unknown how Danish lifespan inequality changed, which causes of death drove these developments, and where the opportunities for further improvements lie now. Methods: We present an analytical strategy based on cause-by-age decompositions to simultaneously analyze changes in Danish life expectancy and lifespan inequality from 1960 to 2014, as well as current Swedish-Danish differences. Results: Stagnation in Danish life expectancy coincided with a shorter period of stagnation in lifespan inequality (1975– 1990). The stagnation in life expectancy was mainly driven by increases in cancer and non-infectious respiratory mortality at higher ages (−.63 years) offsetting a reduction in cardiovascular and infant mortality (+ 1.52 years). Lifespan inequality stagnated because most causes of death did not show compression over the time period. Both these observations were consistent with higher smoking-related mortality in Danes born in 1919–1939. After 1995, life expectancy and lifespan equality increased in lockstep, but still lag behind Sweden, mainly due to infant mortality and cancer. Conclusions: Since 1960, Danish improvements in life expectancy and lifespan equality were halted by smokingrelated mortality in those born 1919–1939, while also reductions in old-age cardiovascular mortality held back lifespan equality. The comparison with Sweden suggests that Denmark can reduce inequality in lifespans and increase life expectancy through a consistent policy target: reducing cancer and infant mortality.
Regulation of the Soil Microbial Metabolism
Through Alterations in the Vegetative Community
in Wetlands

Changes in vegetation communities are projected to have a greater impact on the turnover and storage of carbon in coastal wetlands by affecting soil organic matter decomposition. Microbial metabolism regulates the process of organic matter decomposition in the soil. However, there is still a need for a mechanistic framework to predict the effects of vegetation changes on soil microbial metabolism. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the changing trends of microbial metabolic limitation and carbon use efficiency under natural succession and vegetation community degradation in a wetland using soil extracellular enzyme ecological stoichiometric ratios. The results showed that microorganisms at the degradation sites experienced higher carbon limitations compared to others. Microbial carbon use efficiency at the degradation sites was significantly lower ( p <0.05). A trade-off between microbial carbon limitation and carbon use efficiency was observed, as these two factors were negatively associated. Furthermore, microbial carbon use efficiency showed a strong correlation with changes in soil pH. These findings suggest that, to balance microbial carbon limitation and mitigate the adverse effects of soil pH changes, microorganisms allocate more carbon from microbial carbon use efficiency toward the production of relevant extracellular enzymes.
SUBSISTENCE AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN THE SUNDARBAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

OF DISSERTATION SUBSISTENCE AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN THE SUNDARBAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE, WEST BENGAL, INDIA My dissertation research investigates the impacts of biodiversity conservation on the local population living in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR). More specifically, the research examines the impacts of conservation on local fishing communities living on the edge of the Sundarban Reserve Forest. In addition, it examines the causes and characteristics of conflicts between the biosphere reserve managers and the local fishing communities over the resource use of the biosphere reserve. The research project also explores the impacts of ecotourism on the local population that lives on the edge of the Sundarban Tiger Reserve (STR). STR is one of the important components of the larger biosphere reserve and the core area of the STR overlaps with the core area of the SBR. Findings from research indicate that the current management of the SBR in many ways replicates a fortress conservation model in which local fishermen are denied access to the fishing grounds in the core and sanctuary areas of the STR. Furthermore, the regulation of number of boats through the Boat Licensing Certificate (BLC) creates an avenue for illegal fishing in the STR. Illegal fishing makes fishermen more vulnerable to tiger attacks as the fishermen try to avoid the patrolling forest guards and hide themselves deep in the forest. Fishermen also pay frequent fine for illegal fishing and face harassments from the biosphere resource managers. The confiscation of BLCs and fishing implements also leads to significant loss of fishing time. Additionally, the research shows how the characteristics of a fortress conservation model continue to live on despite there was no instances of eviction during the formation of the SundarbanTiger Reserve in 1973. In sum, this dissertation transforms our overall understanding of a fortress conservation model and suggests that we need to consider broader environmental and political history of a region to understand conservation in a given territory.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, South-West, Ethiopia

Background: Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged as a major threat worldwide with limited treatment options. The prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains largely remain unknown inEthiopia. Objectives: The study was aimed to determine the occurrence of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae among inpatient and outpatient settings, their antimicrobial resistance profile and associated risk factors in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH). Methods: Laboratory based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2011 to February 2012. Result: A total of 471 consecutive, non repetitive clinical specimens were collected among inpatients (n=314) and outpatients (n=157). Among these, 112 isolates of K. pneumoniae (n=27) and E. coli (n=85) were recovered. Overall prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers was 38.4% (n=43) of total isolates. Extended spectrum beta lactamases were found in 28.2% (n=24) of E. coli and 70.4 % (n=19) of K. pneumoniae . Extended spectrum beta lactamase producers mediated very high resistance to both beta-lactams and non-betalactams and they were significantly higher among isolates from in-patients (46.4%) than out-patients (14.3%). On multivariare analysis, treatment with third generation cephalosporin was identified as a sole risk factor for acquisition of ESBL enzyme. Conclusions : Our findings confirmed that infection due to extended spectrum beta lactamase -producing E. coli and K. pneumonia is prevalent in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) and exposure to third generation cephalosporin was associated with these infections. Resistance of these isolates to antibiotics was also higher among inpatients.
Role of GATA3 in Early-Stage Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma Local Recurrence

Background One of the most characteristic features of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) is its high recurrence rate. Guanine-adenine-thymine-adenine nucleotide sequence-binding protein 3 (GATA3), as a transcription factor, correlates with urothelial differentiation and has been reported with poor prognosis in high-grade UC and recurrence in breast malignancies. As such, we set out to study the specifics of GATA3 in non-invasive UC, emphasizing on prediction for recurrence. Methods The cohort comprised 163 patients, with a follow-up period of five years, including 109 pTa cases and 54 pT1 cases. Immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 was assessed using a histo score (H-score). Kaplan-Meier test was conducted for the time to recurrence, according to the level of expression of GATA3 and the indicators studied. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to determine the role of accuracy and specificity of predictability of the indicators. Results Recurrence within the follow-up period was noted in 41.72% of cases. No recurrence relationship was established for age and gender. GATA3 expression showed a varying H-score. Using ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value of 155 divided UC expression levels into low and high, with a sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 78.7% (area under the curve=0.800, 95% confidence interval: 0.696-0.904, p<0.001), further showing an association between high levels of nuclear expression and risk of local recurrence (p<0.0001). Conclusion Herein we have described the sensitivity of high GATA3 expression in non-invasive UC of the urinary bladder and its relation to local recurrence, independent of gender, age, tumor differentiation, and stage.
Ontogeny of Scaling Factors for Pediatric Physiology-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation: Microsomal Protein Per Gram of Liver

Microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL) is an important scaling factor for bottom-up physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation, but data in pediatrics are limited. Therefore, MPPGL was determined in 160 liver samples from pediatric (n = 129) and adult (n = 31) donors obtained from four sources: the University of Maryland Brain and Tissue Bank (UMBTB), tissue retrieval services at the University of Minnesota and University of Pittsburgh, and Sekisui-Xenotech. Tissues were homogenized and subjected to differential centrifugation to prepare microsomes, and cytochrome c reductase activities in tissue homogenates and microsomes were used to estimate cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) activity as a marker of microsomal recovery; microsomal POR content was also assessed by quantitative proteomics. MPPGL values varied 5- to 10-fold within various age groups/developmental stages, and tissue source was identified as a contributing factor. Using a “trimmed” dataset comprised of samples ranging from 3 to 18 years of age common to the four sources, POR protein abundance and activity in microsomes and POR activity in homogenates was lower in UMBTB samples (autopsy) compared with other sources (perfused/flash-frozen). Regression analyses revealed that the UMBTB samples were driving an apparent age effect as no effect of age on log-transformed MPPGL values was observed when the UMBTB samples were excluded. We conclude that a mean±SD MPPGL value of 30.4±1.7 mg/g is representative between one month postnatal age and early adulthood. Potential source effects should be considered for studies involving tissue samples from multiple sources with different procurement and processing procedures. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Microsomal protein per gram of liver (MPPGL) is an important scaling factor for bottom up PBPK modeling and simulation, but data in pediatrics are limited. Although MPPGL varies 5- to 10-fold at a given developmental stage, a value of 30.4 ± 1.7 mg/g (mean ± SD) is representative between one month postnatal age and early adulthood. However, when tissue samples are obtained from multiple sources, different procurement and processing procedures may influence the results and should be taken into consideration.
Tobalu's Gratitude After the Rambu Solo Traditional Funeral in Pattan Ulusalu Village

Rambu Solo is a unique funeral ritual that originated from Toraja. Ritual Rambo solo in each native region of Toraja is different. One of the unique things is that after the ritual of the customary Rambu Solo ceremony carried out a few days later a thanksgiving ceremony will be held and this only happens in the Pattan Ulusalu Kelurahan area. Accordingly, this study aims to find out the image of gratitude to Tobalu after the funeral ceremony of the Rambu Solo in Pattan Ulusalu Kelurahan. The type of research used by the researchers in this research is the type of qualitative research method with observation and an integral approach to the background of the research subject. The aim of the researchers using qualitative research methods with observation and integrity approach on the background of the subject of research is to be able to describe the phenomenon that exists in Pattan Ulusalu Kelurahan related to the picture of the gratitude of Tobalu after the activities of the customary funeral ceremony of Rambu Solo. Participants in the study were two widows who had been left dead by their husbands and had performed a customary burial ceremony, Rambu Solo. The data from this study was obtained through interviews and observation techniques. The results of the research found that there was self-acceptance on Tobalu who had performed the funeral ceremony of Rambu Solo against her husband. Self-acceptance arises through gratitude that is then expressed through activities and activities as usual.