Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Mega-Events on Urban Sustainable Development

Mega-events have different types of effects for host cities or countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact indicators of the Formula 1 Grand Prix in Baku, Azerbaijan from the perspective of tourism stakeholders and to investigate the effects of these impacts on the urban sustainability through the perceptions of stakeholders after the Formula 1 Grand Prix. The results indicated that environmental and social impacts exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability. All positive dimensions of economic impact exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability and ‘prices rising’ negative dimension exerted nonsignificant effects on urban sustainability. The results showed that except ‘tourism infrastructure development’ other positive dimensions (infrastructure development, protection of natural resources and cultural heritage) of environmental impact and only ‘social welfare’ positive dimension of social impact exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability. This research contributes to policymakers by revealing the impacts of megaevents on urban sustainable development.
Importance of Molecular Testing of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Tertiary Care Hospitals

Chronic HCV (CHC) infection is a global public-health problem, with approximately 170 million persons chronically infected [1] who are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to liver cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), and extra-hepatic complications that develop [2]. India has 17 per cent of global population and 20 per cent of global disease burden. But less than 1.4 per cent of global clinical trials are done in India, according to Indian Society of Clinical Research (ISCR) [3]. The development of detection assays for HCV has paralleled the introduction of increasingly effective therapies with progressively decreasing adverse effects. Serologic and molecular assays for HCV have played major roles in the identification of those with the viral infection, in determining the severity of the disease, and in the response to therapeutic interventions [4]. A wide variety of genotyping methods are used, including PCR amplification followed by stripbased reverse hybridization, PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, and real-time PCR. Real Time PCR is more sensitive as compared to reverse transcriptase [5].
RELAXATION OF SURFACE CORRUGATIONS BELOW THE ROUGHENING TEMPERATURE

We have studied the evolution of sinusoidal profiles and the motion of parallel like steps below the roughening temperature using Monte Carlo simulations on a solid-onsolid model. The two step separation follows l ~ t0.20 ± 0.02 and is consistent with a theory of their separation driven by the entropic repulsion, i.e., the cubic term G3 in the projected surface free energy. For sinusoidal profiles on a surface with the average orientation corresponding to a facet, we find that the wave-length scaling exponent n depends on the temperature below TR for the range of wavelengths studied (L = 10-40 lattice units). Close to the roughening temperature, the amplitude in sinusoidal profiles of wavelength 10-40 lattice units decays with t/L4 scaling approximately. Well below TR, the amplitude decay in sinusoidal profiles over the same range of wavelengths follows h/h0 ~ (1 + λt/L 5)-1. We discuss possible causes for deviations from perfect wavelength scaling in the evolution of amplitude in sinusoidal profiles.
Depression, Self-Stigma and Quality of Life: A Comparative Analysis of Adults on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and Diabetics in a Tertiary Health Institution in Northeastern Nigeria

Despite the change in status of HIV infection to a chronic disorder akin to diabetes mellitus due to the use of antiretroviral medications, HIV+ subjects in sub-Saharan Africa still suffer from the effects of their ‘spoiled identity’. This study compared the prevalence of depression and self-stigma among HIV+ and diabetic subjects and evaluated the differential correlation between depression and their quality of life. This study was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Nigeria and the subjects were drawn using systematic random sampling. The Beck Depression Inventory, the 3-item stigma scale and the WHOQOL-BREF were used for data collection. Prevalence of depression was 20.5% in the HIV subjects against 8.3% in the diabetics (χ 2 =17.46, p=<0.001) and the experience of selfstigma was about 4-times more likely in the HIV+ subjects than the diabetics (60.1% Vs 16.7% respectively: χ 2 =116.99, p=<0.001). There were stronger negative correlations between depression and quality of life scores among the subjects on HAART than among the diabetics. Conclusively, we therefore recommend routine clinical surveillance and psycho education on adaptive coping strategies in the management of the HIV+ subjects.
The influence of necessity and opportunity motivations on the choice of an economic sector : an empirical study of Belgian entrepreneurs

We study whether the necessity or opportunity characteristics of firm creators have an influence on the choice of the economic sector in which the business is started. Based on a sample of 538 Belgian entrepreneurs, we performed a Principal Components Analysis to identify necessity and opportunity motivations. Next, we performed a One Way-ANOVA and a Post-Hoc Multiple Comparisons Analysis to determine whether there is a difference between the various sectors in terms of sensitivity to necessity and opportunity motivations. Finally, we performed a Multinomial Logit Regression to estimate the effect, all things being equal, of necessity and opportunity motivations on the probability that an entrepreneur chooses to develop his business in a specific sector. First, our results show that the necessity and opportunity motivations do not have the same sensitivity within the various sectors. Second, we show that necessity motivations may be, more or less, present depending on the type of economic sector. Finally, our study highlights that, while necessity or opportunity motivations are more present in some sectors, they only have very little impact on the probability to create in a specific sector. Our research suggests that, although at the macroeconomic level, there are differences between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs in terms of sector of creation (Block and Wagner, 2006), these differences do not result from the motivational characteristics of the creator.
Collateral resistance to oestrogen and erbB receptor activated growth in endocrine resistant breast cancer

Acquired resistance to endocrine therapy is a significant clinical problem in breast cancer. 'Cross-talk' between the ligand dependent and independent pathways, in particular the erbB receptor family, has been implicated in the development of resistance in ERa-positive breast cancer, with erbB2 overexpression occurring in approximately a quarter of cases. Overexpression of downstream signalling molecules Akt and ERK has also been implicated in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of 'cross-talk' in oestrogen insensitive and endocrine therapy resistant breast cancer. A panel of breast cancer cells lines (Mill, LCC1, LCC2, LCC9, LY2) derived from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used as a model to determine the signalling pathways which may contribute to the development of oestrogen independence and anti-oestrogen resistance. For ease of comparison to the parental oestrogen-dependent and anti-oestrogen-responsive MCF-7 cell line, the Mill, LCC1, LCC2, LCC9 and LY2 cell lines were termed 'resistant'. TheMill, LCC1 and LCC2 cell lines retained some degree ofE2 sensitivity. Growth assays were performed and confirmed the phenotypes of the cell lines, where the resistant cell lines proliferated in the absence of stimuli. InM 17p-oestradiol (E2) significantly stimulated growth in MCF-7 and Mill cell lines on days 3, 5 and 7. For example, by day 7 InM E2 increased growth by ~63-fold and -2-fold compared to day 7 control in the MCF-7 andMill cell lines respectively (PO.OOl). The growth of the LCC1 and LCC2 cell lines was only significantly enhanced after 5 days of treatment with InM E2 (-1.4 and -1.5-fold increases compared to day 5 control respectively, PO.OOl). LCC9 cells were not growth stimulated by InM E2 (days 3, 5 and 7, P>0.05). LY2 cells were not E2 responsive at this concentration after 7 days. Resistant cell lines were insensitive to growth factors (TGFa and HRG|3), while MCF-7 cells remained responsive (-11and -9-fold increases by day 7 compared to control respectively, PO.OOl). Mill and LCC1 cells retained some tamoxifen sensitivity, while the remaining cell lines were unaffected. ERa expression was determined and 'cross-talk' was investigated by monitoring ERa activation via phosphorylation of serine residues 118 and 167 (P-S118/167) using western blotting.
The role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs chemotherapy in cancer of oesophagus

Oesophageal malignancies are accounted as the eighth most common malignancy across the globe and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The mortality to incidence ratio noted to be 0.88 The momentum towards neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments is therefore understandable. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) has emerged as a standard of care in most parts of the world and we review the strength of evidence in favour of the same viz a viz neoadjuvant chemotherapy. *Correspondence to: Gagan Saini, Department of Radiation Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Vaishali and Patparganj, Delhi NCR, India, E-mail: drgagansaini@gmail.com
Cyberbullying: relationship with developmental variables and cyber victimization▪

Abstract Background and objective: Cyberbullying is increasingly turning into a significant problem for children and adolescents due to its adverse psychological and academic outcomes. In the present study, the protective and risk factors for cyberbullying has been investigated. One of the aims of the study was to examine the relationship between peer relations, negative emotion regulation strategies, and cyberbullying. The successful identity development process is thought to influence both cyberbullying behaviors as well as adolescents’ peer relations and emotion regulation. Also, cyber victimization is seen as a risk factor for cyberbullying. The second aim of the study is to investigate the causal relationship between cyber victimization and cyberbullying. Method: The study is a descriptive research in which both cross-sectional and longitudinal data were used. In the cross-sectional part of the study, 1,151 adolescents have participated, and the data of the second wave was obtained from 322 of them four months later. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression analyses. Results and conclusion: According to the results of SEM, good peer relations predicted less cyberbullying. The expressive repression explained the cyberbullying through peer relationships. For identity development, contrary to expectations, commitment dimension of identity seemed to be positively related to more cyberbullying and so did higher reconsideration of commitment. Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed that Time 1 cyber victimization predicted Time 2 cyberbullying. Given the pattern of cross-lagged relationships, it was tentatively inferred that cyber victimization was the temporal precursor to cyberbullying. The results of the study have implications for the prevention of cyberbullying.
The BART R package

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) provide ﬂexible nonparametric modeling of covariates for continuous, binary, categorical and time-to-event outcomes. For more information see Sparapani, Spanbauer and McCulloch <doi:10.18637/jss.v097. i01>.
Osteoking improves OP rat by enhancing HSP90-β expression

Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic bone disease that affects individuals worldwide. Osteoporosis is primarily asymptomatic, and patients with OP suffer from pain, inconvenience, economic pressure and osteoporotic fracture (OPF). Osteoking, a Traditional Chinese Medicine compound that originates from the Yi ethnic group, has been used for a number of years to treat fractures. In our previous study, osteoking exhibited therapeutic effects on rats with OPF by promoting calcium deposition. Based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses of a component‑target‑disease database, heat shock protein HSP 90‑β (HSP90‑β), also known as HSP90‑β, was identified to be a key target of osteoking in OP. High HSP90‑β expression levels were observed in osteoporotic rats and rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) following osteoking treatment. After 12 weeks of administration in vivo, there was increased bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.05), increased bone alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05), and improved bone microstructure in the osteoking group compared with those of the negative control group. In vitro, increased calcium deposition in rBMSCs was observed after 4 weeks of osteoking treatment. These results suggest that the mechanisms of osteoking are closely associated with HSP90‑β and activate the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway, primarily through BMP‑2. Osteoking treatment improves OP in rats by enhancing HSP90‑β expression.
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF UHMW-PE PARTS: INFLUENCE OF AGING AND CROSSLINKING

INTRODUCTION: Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene is the main material used as a bearing surface in total hip or knee replacements due to it’s high toughness and wear resistance. However, as a result of the extremely high (> 10 gr/mol) molecular weight and thus high melt viscosity, UHMW-PE powders cannot be processed using screw extruders. Instead, sheet compression molding or ram extrusion techniques are used to sinter the particles into a preform. This preform is machined into the desired implant, packaged, sterilized and after a shelflife period implanted. Additionally, highly crosslinked polyethylenes have been developed by irradiating (γ or e-beam) the preforms in the solid or molten state, followed by a thermal treatment to enhance the cross-linking process. The long term dimensional stability of polyethylene part is important for the bearing surface and, due to the modularity of many hip and knee systems, also for the connectors which snap into a metal backing. Here, the influence of the processing steps on the dimensional stability of machined UHMW-PE parts is investigated. The dimensional changes during shelflife or clinical use are mimicked using accelerated aging tests which corresponds with 5-10 yr. Shelflife or 4yr. clinical use
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 42 (4): 675–683 (2007)

The first example of resistance to a mating disruptant was reported in the smaller tea tortrix moth, Adoxophyes honmai. The active ingredient in the disruptant was (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc), which is one component of the sex pheromone of A. honmai. From a resistant colony in the field, a strain highly resistant to mating disruption was established through further selection imposed in the laboratory by rearing in the presence of Z11-14:OAc. With this resistant (R) strain, we investigated the response of males to mixtures of synthetic pheromone components in the present study. Males of the R strain were less attracted to a low concentration of the pheromone than non-resistant (S) males. However, the R males were attracted to lures with extremely deviated ratios of the pheromone components: 72% of them even responded to the mixture lacking Z11-14:OAc, which is indispensable for response behavior of the S males. Some F1 males of crosses between S and R (13–15%) and male progeny in both reciprocal backcrosses to R (29–38%) were also attracted to the mixture without Z11-14:OAc. The results of these crossing experiments could be seen corresponding with the expected pattern in a single-autosomal-locus model for inheritance of the ability to respond to a defective pheromone blend.
MODELING THE EXPORTS DIVERSIFICATION IN THE OIL COUNTRIES GROWTH: THE CASE OF GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES

This paper aims at modeling and analyzing the short and long run effects of export diversification on economic growth using the countries Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) panel data for the period 1992-2017. The paper introduces the panel auto regressive distributed lag/pooled mean group (ARDL/PMG) to reach its purpose. The export diversification measured by Theil index. The Pedroni panel cointegration test confirms that the variables are cointegrated, whereas PMG estimates indicate a positive significant long run relationship between export diversification and real gross domestic product (GDP) growth, no significant effect of export diversification in the short run. Results reveal a significant impact of trade openness growth on real GDP growth, which confirms the long-run as well as the short-run relationship between the growth of trade openness and economic growth for the GCC countries. It is worth to mention that the overall effort for GCC region on average had succeed in diversification, and the achieving of their plans goal is start to appear as a long run effect. But the study reveals that results may differ relatively in each country.
Adherence to HIV care among HIV-positive pregnant women in Nigeria

Background: HIV among pregnant women poses particular risks to their family, offspring and health workers at the time of delivery. Aims: To determine the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive pregnant women in an HIV/AIDS treatment centre in Ibadan, Nigeria and, to identify factors influencing adherence. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed among 66 HIV-positive pregnant women attending an HIV clinic at Adeoyo Maternity Health Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria. Findings: Results showed that 47% of the HIV-positive pregnant women adhered to their drug regimen, while 53% did not. Among the non-adherent women, forgetfulness (16.4%), unfavourable work schedule (15.2%) and side effects (12.1%) were the common factors reported for missing drugs. Conclusions: The study concluded that the level of adherence to antiretroviral medications among HIV-positive pregnant women was considerably low.
Investigation of chemical composition and determination physicochemical properties for Biodiesel Produced from non-edible Jatropha Curcas seed oil

Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine. It provides a feasible solution to the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification. Although this fuel has gained worldwide recognition for many years, it is not being widely commercialized like petroleum diesel in the world and not widely produced especially in our country Ethiopia. Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester composition in biodiesel prepared from jatropha seed oil (jatropha curcas) was done with the help of GC-MS and 4 major fatty acid methyl esters were identified. These were methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate and methyl linoleate. Major objective of this study was to produce and characterize the biodiesel produced from un-edible jatropha seed oil using NaOH a homogeneous catalyst and to study the variables that affect the amount of biodiesel such as methanol/oil molar ratio, mass weight of catalyst and temperature. In addition to this the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and compared with a set of parameter according to European Standard, EN 14214 and American standard test and material, ASTM6751. Results of entire study indicated that chemical composition of the biodiesel product was examined by help of GC-MS and four major fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl palmitate (14.2%), methyl stearate (7.3%), methyl oleate (45.1%) and methyl linoleate (33.4%) were identified. In addition to this the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel such as (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value, high heating value, flash point, acidic value, saponification value, carbon residue, peroxide value and ester content) were determined and its corresponding values were 886 Kg/m, 5.94 Mm/s, 105.42 g I/100g oil, 39.47 MJ/Kg, 135 °C, 0.45 mg KOH/g, 199.76 mg KOH/g, 0.048 %wt, 2.37 meq/kg and 95.34 wt% respectively. The results of the present study showed that all physicochemical properties lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. Therefore, jatropha seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to diesel engine. Further researches are needed to be conducted to determine the amount of biodiesel produced with heterogeneous catalysts and lipase enzymes.
Effects of corn straw biochar application on soybean growth and alkaline soil properties

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of biochar loading level on soybean growth and physico-chemical properties of alkaline soil. Biochar derived from corn straw was mixed with alkaline soil at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% loading levels and exposed to the natural elements. Soybean was used as the test crop. The results indicated that a single application of biochar positively and significantly improved soybean productivity and quality attributes of the tested alkaline soil. Soybean yield peaked at 5% loading level, but it declined at 10% loading. Applications of biochar at 5% and 10% loading significantly increased total soil porosity by 4.14% and 5.09%, and decreased the soil pH value by 0.07 and 0.24 units, respectively. Biochar addition significantly increased water holding capacity, total organic carbon content, total nitrogen, Olsen-P, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity. The results indicated that applications of corn straw biochar to alkaline soil improved soybean growth and promoted the physico-chemical properties of alkaline soil. However, the negative effects of increased C:N ratios and soil exchange sodium percentages at higher biochar loading levels should be taken into account when applying biochar as amendments to alkaline soils.
Structure of mutant human carbonmonoxy- hemoglobin C (bE6K) at 2.0 AÊ resolution

Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA