Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water management guidelines for agriculture and forestry

The guidelines describe the environment where water management in agriculture and forestry takes place and the societal expectations involved in this, and sets targets for future actions. They also examine the role of water resources management in ensuring sustainable food production and bioeconomy. Based on the results presented by the working group, the guidelines define targets for sustainable water management in agriculture and forestry and the key water management measures to solve challenges brought by the changing environment, climate and water conditions. The proposed water management measures have been divided into six categories: Governance measures, financing, planning and implementation, research and development, education, training and advice, and digitalisation. They key measures include investments in studies on the level of catchments, understanding the current state of and opportunities offered by water management measures, ensuring the numbers and level of competence of water management planners, contractors, advisers and experts, and new and innovative solutions through research, pilot projects and digitalisation. Financial and other steering instruments must be developed to appropriately promote these targets and measures. The work was carried out in cooperation between the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finnish Field Drainage Association and Tapio. Publisher Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Distributed by/ publication sales Online version: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto. fi Publication sales: vnjulkaisumyynti.fi
Estimation of Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis and Economic Heterosis in Dual Purpose Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

The present investigation was under taken for 10 lines and 3 tester using line x tester mating design consisted of 46 entries including 10 lines, 3 testers, 30 hybrids and three checks viz., CSV 23, CSV 27 and CSH25. These were evaluated in RBD with three replications during kharif 2015 in four environments created by using different spacing viz., 22.5 x 5 cm (E1), 30 x 10 cm (E2), 45 x 10 cm (E3) and 60 x 10 cm (E4) at Instructional farm Rajasthan college of Agriculture, Udaipur in randomized block design with three replications. Some of the parents out crossed the limit of best checks for dry fodder yield, green fodder yield, protein content in grain and protein content in fodder in one or other environments. 24 crosses exhibited economic heterosis. Therefore these crosses may be identified as superior crosses for these characters. Significance of line, tester and line x tester mean square revealed that both additive as well as non additive variance were important in the inheritance of these characters. The contribution of line x testers sum of square was maximum in most of the characters in most of the environments. Three crosses L2 x T3, L6 x T3 and L1 x T3 having economic heherosis for grain yield in E2. Where cross L2 x T3 and L6 x T3 also having economic heterosis for dry fodder yield in E2. These crosses had good SCA effects and involving at least one good general combiner parent. This indicates superiority of F1 on account of accumulation of dominant genes. Finaly two dual purpose crosses ICSA 29004 × SPV 1822 (L2 x T3) and ICSA 29012 × SPV 1822 (L6 x T3) were identified for multi location testing as these were having economic heterosis more than 15 per cent for grain yield and dry fodder yield, good SCA, involving one good GCA parents, nicking in flowering in normal spacing environment and male parent taller than the female parent. Apart from above, grain purpose cross ICSA 29003 × SPV 1822 (L1 x T3) is also identified for multi location testing as it had very high economic heterosis for grain yield (56.65%) in medium spacing environment i.e.30 x 10 cm along with good nicking in flowering and taller male parent. This cross (ICSB 29003 × SPV 1822) also recommended for selection of transgressive segregants in segregating generations as this cross also having good SCA and involved both good general combiner parents. K e y w o r d s
Off the paper and into the dance: investigating preservice elementary teachers’ experiences with dynamic spatial reasoning choreography tasks

ABSTRACT This study aimed to empirically investigate preservice teachers’ learning experiences during a series of geometry-themed choreography and dance activities. These pedagogical tasks were designed to examine the challenges and solutions that participants experienced when exercising their spatial reasoning abilities, particularly during the transition between the choreography designs they had generated on a Lego-based grid worksheet and real-world dancing positions. The data collection for this study took place at an elementary school located within a bilingual metropolitan area along the southwestern United States border. The overall findings indicated that all of the participating preservice teachers’ dance teams encountered interrelated challenges, most of which were variations on disorientation, primarily due to transitioning between representations of space and the deprivation of the typically employed spatial navigation reference points that are used in normal activities.
‘Good morning boys’: Fa’afāfine and Fakaleiti experiences of Cisgenderism at an all-boys secondary school

ABSTRACT This article explores the schooling experiences of 12 fa’afāfine and fakaleiti who attended an all-boys faith-based secondary school in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Fa’afāfine are Samoan, and fakaleiti Tongans who are assigned male at birth, but enact varying degrees and types of behaviour deemed as feminine. There are currently no in-depth qualitative studies that examine the schooling experiences of these young people. Within the existing literature the experiences of fa’afāfine and fakaleiti are typically subsumed under the umbrella of transgender and/or non-binary students. This study examines participants’ recollections of daily experiences of being fa’afāfine and fakaleiti at an all-boys school where any expression of femininity was frequently disallowed and denigrated. In this highly masculinised environment, participants describe the struggle to be ‘like-women’ and the cisgender discrimination they faced. Incidents of bullying, physical assault and marginalisation from teachers and students along with the pathologisation and erasure of their identities within school curricula and practices were daily occurrences. These accounts contribute to an emerging and broader picture of schools as cisgender spaces, in which educational structures and processes reinforce the idea there are only two genders, and that gender is based on sex assigned at birth.
Dark septate endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (
 Paris
 ‐morphotype) affect the stable isotope composition of ‘classically’ non‐mycorrhizal plants

1. The vast majority of terrestrial plants exchange nutrients with fungal partners forming different mycorrhizal types. The minority of plants considered as non-mycorrhizal, however, are not necessarily free of any fungi, but are frequently colonized by elusive fungal endophytes, such as dark septate endophytes ( DSE ) or fine root endophytes ( FRE ).
The prevalence and benefits of admixture during species invasions: a role for epistasis?

Species introductions often bring together genetically divergent source populations, resulting in genetic admixture. This geographic reshuffling of diversity has the potential to generate favorable new genetic combinations, facilitating the establishment and invasive spread of introduced populations. Observational support for the superior performance of admixed introductions has been mixed, however, and the broad importance of admixture to invasion questioned. Under most underlying mechanisms, admixture’s benefits should be expected to increasewith greater divergence among and lower genetic diversity within source populations. We use a literature survey to quantify the prevalence of admixture and evaluate whether it occurrs under circumstances predicted to be mostbeneficial to introduced species. We find that 39% of species are reported to be admixed when introduced. Admixed introductions come from sources with a wide range of genetic variation, but are disproportionately absent where there is high genetic divergence among native populations. We discuss multiple potential explanations for these patterns, but note that negative epistatic interactions should be expected at high divergence amongpopulations (outbreeding depression). As a case study, we experimentally cross source populations differing in divergence in the invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis. We find many positive (heterotic) interactions, but fitness benefits decline and are ultimately negative at high source divergence, with patterns suggestingcyto-nuclear epistasis. We conclude that admixture is common in species introductions and often happens under conditions expected to be beneficial to invaders, but that these conditions may be constrained by predictable negativegenetic interactions, potentially explaining conflicting evidence for admixture's benefits to invasion.
The Polyphonic Condition: Sin Wenz, Topolect Writing and the Linguistic Limits of Nation-building in Revolutionary China, 1933–1956

ABSTRACT This essay examines the Latinxua Sin Wenz movement, which was launched in China in 1933 by CCP-affiliated activists as a means of promoting topolect writing in a variety of Latin-based alphabets. Seeing the imposition of a national language across polyphonic societies as an integral part of the violence of capitalist developmentalism, the Sin Wenz movement opted instead to promote local linguistic empowerment in Latin-based alphabets. Seen in relation to China’s various attempts at script reform in the early 20th century, the Sin Wenz movement is notable for its pluralist attitude towards the prospect of China’s regional languages gaining discrete orthographies. After 1949, however, the PRC government abandoned topolect writing in favour of the promotion of a standardised Mandarin, which was one element of the regime’s multinational approach to state-building. Sin Wenz sought to produce orthographic empowerment in the interests of linguistic diversity within Han communities, but post-1949 discussions of language reform emphasised linguistic standardisation for the entirety of the Han people. Sin Wenz is thus a spectral presence in the modern Chinese cultural landscape, a discourse that struck out at linguistic centralisation only to see a new discourse of Han linguistic unity assert itself forcefully in the early years of the new regime.
Oak leaf galls: Neuroterus numismalis and Cynips quercusfolii, their structure and ultrastructure

Anatomy and surface ultrastructure of the galls induced on oak leaves by the insects – Neuroterus numismalis (Ol.) and Cynips ( Diplolepis ) quercusfolii L. – were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). The observations in SEM and in LM enabled a detailed description of these galls and comparison of their structure with that of the typical oak leaf. In N. numismalis gall, the external distal tissues were classified as similar to phellem (cork), phellogen, and phelloderm, and a lateral marginal tissue as parenchyma with the likely role of a storage tissue. In the young C. quercusfolii gall, the cells of internal, nutritive tissue, on which the larva is grazing, formed globules rising above the surface of larval chamber. Many of them seemed to be destroyed by the larval action. In the gall which attained half of its final size, the tissues near the larval chamber were already partly lignified. The microorganisms (mainly fungi) which live in the oak phyllosphere, occurred also on the galls. We believe that the deep changes in the morphogenetic program of a leaf, which are caused by the gall-forming insects, are impossible without the transfer and the integration of the insect genetic material with that of the host plant. We also postulate that a larva secrets as yet hypothetical substances, which redirect the nutrients transport from the leaf blade towards the gall and support its vital functions.
Enhancing the Representational Similarity Between Execution and Imagination of Movement Using Network-Based Brain Computer Interfacing

Motor imagery-based brain computer interfacing (MI-BCI) as a neuro-rehabilitation tool aims at facilitating motor improvement using mental practice. However, the effectiveness of MI-BCI in producing clinically meaningful functional outcome is debated. Aside from computational shortcomings, a main limiting obstacle seems to be the substantial representational dissimilarity between movement imagination (MI) and movement execution (ME) on the level of engaged neural networks. This dissimilarity renders inducing functionally effective and long lasting changes in motor behavior through MI challenging. Moreover, the quality and intensity of imagination is highly prone to change on a trial-to-trial basis, based on the subject's state of mind and mental fatigue. This leads to an inconsistent profile of neural activity throughout training, limiting learning in a Hebbian sense. To address these issues, we propose a neuroconnectivity-based paradigm, as a systematic priming technique to be utilized pre-BCI training. In the proposed paradigm, ME-idle representational dissimilarity network (RDN) features are used to detect MI in real-time. This means that to drive the virtual environment, an ME-like activation pattern has to be learned and generated in the brain through MI. This contrasts with conventional BCIs which consider a successful MI, one that results in higher than a threshold change in the power of sensorimotor rhythms. Our results show that four out of five participants achieved a consistent session-to-session enhancement in their net MI-ME network-level similarity (mean change rate of 6.16% ± 4.64 per session). We suggest that the proposed paradigm, if utilized as a priming technique pre-BCI training, can potentially enhance the neural and functional effectiveness. This can be achieved through 1- shifting MI towards engaging ME-related networks to a higher extent, and 2- inducing consistency in MI quality by using the ME-related networks as the ground-truth and thus enhancing the robustness of the activity pattern in the brain. This would in turn lend to the clinical acceptability of BCI as a neurorehabilitation tool.
Hybrid catfish (♂Ictalurus punctatus X ♀Ictalurus furcatus) production: Does mixed-size production make economic sense?

ABSTRACT Alternative management strategies will be required to produce hybrid catfish (♂Ictalurus punctatus X ♀Ictalurus furcatus) year-round to provide continuous market supply. Hybrid catfish fingerlings were stocked at 9,880 head/ha singly or in co-culture with sub-marketable (mean weight = 454 ± 16 g) hybrid catfish carried over the winter from a previous year’s multi-size trial. Economic analyses compared cost of production ($/kg of market-size fish produced) and cash flow of single- and multiple-batch production of hybrid catfish for a single- and two-year period. Gross total and marketable yields were significantly greater in the mixed-size treatment as compared to the single-size treatment, in spite of the significantly greater percentage of market-size fish (84%) in the single-size treatment than in the mixed-size treatment (71%). Cost of production ($/kg) was 4% to 10% lower in the multi-size treatment in the single-year analysis, but 18% to 20% lower when the full two-year cycle was assessed. Cash flow and cash flow risk were improved substantially with the multi-size treatment primarily because the overwintered sub-market-size fish from the previous year reached market size three to four months earlier than in the single-size treatment.
Tree ring width‐based January–March mean minimum temperature reconstruction from Larix gmelinii in the Greater Khingan Mountains, China since AD 1765

A ring‐width chronology of Larix gmelinii (LG) was developed in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains region of China. The response function analyses revealed that the local mean minimum temperature of January–March (T1–3) was the most limiting factor affecting the radial growth of LG trees. Based on correlation analysis, a reconstructed T1–3 series from 1765 to 2013 was produced using standard ring‐width chronology. The reconstruction explained 41.2% of the total variance in recorded monthly mean minimum temperatures from 1960 to 2013. The reconstructed T1–3 series had similar variability when compared with the May–September mean temperature reconstruction in Inner Mongolia (IM) and the February–March mean minimum temperature reconstruction in Yichun (YC). This reconstructed T1–3 series also captured the severe snow disaster and cold wave events recorded from historical documents in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia. Spatial correlations between reconstructed series and gridded temperature data also provided a high level of confidence. In addition, significant relationships between the reconstructed T1–3 series and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), solar activity, indicated that the T1–3 variation might be influenced by large‐scale ocean–atmosphere interactions.
Getting in the Flow Together: The Role of Social Presence, Perceived Enjoyment and Concentration on Sustainable Use Intention of Mobile Social Network Game

Mobile Social Network Games (MSNGs) are defined as a product that combines games and social network services (SNSs). Compared with games played individually, MSNGs offer additional enjoyment to users through competition or cooperation. Mobile phone games, which rely on SNS platforms, can develop a strong social presence for users. This study focuses on factors affecting the sustainable use intention of MSNGs. In our study, we chose social presence as our dependent variable and proved that the social presence perceived by players in MSNGs has a positive impact on the sustainable use intention through a series of mediator variables. Second, the game product itself can easily lead to player addiction; therefore, in this study, we use the flow theory—perceived enjoyment and concentration—as our mediator variables. The results showed that perceived enjoyment and concentration are important factors driving the attitude towards MSNGs and that attitude presents a significant positive effect on sustainable use intention. This study enhances the current understanding of sustainable use intention of MSNGs and provides practical implication for MSNG development strategies and the theoretical implication.
Ideology and Specific Support for the Supreme Court

We develop and assess an account of ideological asymmetries in public support for the Supreme Court. We find that specific support for the Supreme Court is more strongly negatively related to perceptions that the Court is overly liberal than perceptions that the Court is overly conservative. Our findings provide a more complete theoretical account of dynamics in specific support for the Supreme Court and indicate a mechanism behind the recent decline in the Supreme Court’s public standing.
Clinical and Socio-demographic Profile of the First 33 COVID-19 Cases Treated at Dedicated Treatment Center in Ethiopia

Background Severe respiratory tract infection caused by family of Corona viruses has become world pandemic. The purpose of this study was to describe the first few COVID 19 cases in Ethiopia. Method Descriptive study was conducted on the first 33 consecutive RT-PCR confirmed COVID 19 cases diagnosed and managed at Ekka-Kotebe COVID Treatment Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Result The median age of the cases was 36 years. Cough, headache and fever were the most frequent symptoms. Diarrhea, sore throats, loss of taste and/or smell sensation were among the rare symptoms. Most (84.8%) had mild to moderate disease, and 15.2%(n=5) were critical at the time of admission. Among the five ICU admissions, four patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. Thirty cases were discharged after two pairs of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples turned negative for SARS CoV2. Three cases from the ICU died while on mechanical ventilator. The age of the two deaths was 65 years, and one was 60 years. With the exception of three, all cases were either imported from abroad or had contact with confirmed cases. Conclusion Most of our patients were in the younger age group with male predominance and few with comorbidities. Cough was the commonest symptom followed by headache and fever. As it was in the early stage of the pandemic, observation of more cases in the future will reveal further clinical and demographic profiles of COVID-19 cases in Ethiopia.
Effect of Milk Protein Composition in a Model Infant Formula on In Vivo and In Vitro Gastric Digestion Behaviour and Physiological Responses

Niloufar Rafiee Tari Advisor: University of Guelph Professor Milena Corredig Milk proteins have different digestion and absorption kinetics and encrypted bioactive peptides, and thus exert different functionalities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of milk protein composition on physicochemical properties and further physiological responses of a model infant formula when digested in vivo and in vitro. Three formulas with similar nutrient concentration, but different protein compositions were prepared, one containing whey protein (WP) and two others with casein and WP at 40:60 ratio, differing in the β-casein amount. Different β-casein ratios were obtained by performing cold and warm microfiltration on skim milk. Formulas were submitted to a piglet model and a standardized in vitro digestion model. The WP-casein in vivo gastric digesta showed a significantly higher viscosity and modulus compared to WP formula (P<0.05), while no differences were noted in vitro. In both models, a higher aggregated structure was observed for WP-casein digesta, compared to highly fragmented WP digesta. A weaker frequency-dependent gel was observed for the in vitro, compared with the in vivo clots, suggesting different kinetics of these models. Caseins were extensively hydrolyzed to peptides during in vitro gastric digestion, while found largely present in the in vivo coagulum. β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin were resistant to gastric digestion in both models. β-casein level and digestion time did not affect the physical properties and extent of protein hydrolysis of the gastric digesta. Whey protein-casein formulas resulted in higher growth performance, feed intake and feed efficiency in piglets, compared with WP formula. Whey protein formula induced higher plasma GLP-1, confirming the higher satiating effects of these proteins. Whey protein-casein formula promoted a natural pro-inflammatory milieu in piglets, by inducing a higher secretion of the intestinal cytokine TNF-α, with no significant effect of β-casein level. An optimized in vitro cell culture using intestinal Caco-2 cells and LPS stimulated human THP-1 macrophages, showed β-casein may exert anti-inflammatory function, as higher β-casein induced lower secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. The results show that digestion pattern and immunomodulatory functions of a dairy matrix can be regulated by its protein composition, which can be applied in developing matrices with specific health benefits.
Laboratory Evaluation of Toxicity of Commercially used Insecticides against Egg Parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

The effect of four commercially used insecticides on tomato crop was studied on Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and its parasitism under laboratory conditions. The toxic effect of these insecticides on 1,3, 5 and 7 day old eggs of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) parasitized by T. chilonis was also studied. Acephate (0.05 %) proved safer to the parasitized host as well as to the adult parasitoid. However, the emergence of adults from treated parasitized eggs was significantly lower than the untreated control.