Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Micro-scale Biomass Generation Plant Technology - Stand-alone Designs for Remote Customers

Given the importance of biomass as a source of power generation and the often dispersed location of suitable feedstock material, small-scale biomass plants have become a very promising field of research. For load demands of 5-50kWe, a flexible and easily operated biomass unit would provide a viable source of energy for areas where grid connection is either expensive or prone to disconnection. This paper describes conversion and generation technology for current micro-scale biomass plant designs. Most applications handle either wet or dry biomass, but since both feedstocks are often available, this paper suggests a combination of thermochemical and supplemental biochemical conversions to create considerable amounts of fuel and hence electrical capacity. Discussing the generation part of current plants, a tendency towards using combustion-based technology has been found, while microturbines can provide usable exhaust heat streams and offer better maintenance and operation flexibility. This paper ranks power generation technologies used in current biomass plants in terms of efficiency and flexibility as well as maintenance and economic aspects. For remote locations without the opportunity of a secure grid connection, the proposed plant design demonstrates a very promising way of supplying future energy needs in terms of both electrical and thermal energy.
Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Pedagogical Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge

The purpose of the present study was to investigate pre-service science teachers’ perceptions of science teaching. To this end the participants’ perceptions of their pedagogical knowledge (PK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) were examined. Furthermore, it was aimed to investigate how pre-service science teachers’ perceptions were differed according to their level of achievement regarding PK and PCK. 176 fourth year pre-service science teachers participated in the study. The design of the study was planned as a survey and three scales were given to the participants to collect data. The data obtained from the scales were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study revealed that pre-service science teachers perceived themselves as competent in terms of both PK and PCK. When components of PK were examined, participants’ perceptions were high regarding classroom management, learners and learning, lesson planning and assessment. With respect to components of PCK, participants perceived that they had high level knowledge of science instructional strategies, knowledge of science learners, knowledge of science misconceptions, knowledge of science curriculum and knowledge of science assessment. Moreover, it was observed that level of achievement did not show any differences on pre-service science teachers’ perceptions of PK and PCK.
Prevalence rate of skin manifestations in NICU-admitted neonates

Background Skin disorders in neonates can be regarded as determining concepts for prognosis and genetic counseling. Few studies have so far been conducted on determining and recording the relative frequency of skin disorders. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate skin manifestations and their relationship with other variables in the neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 403 neonates, hospitalized in the NICU of Rasoul Akram Hospital in 2014 and selected using convenience sampling. The data collected from the profiles of the neonates were recorded in a data collection form.Results Of the 403 study neonates, 366 (90.8%) had no skin manifestations, while 37 (9.2%) had skin manifestations, 18 (48.6%) of which were pathological. According to the results obtained, gender, type of delivery, gestational age and reasons for hospitalization were found not to be correlated with skin manifestations and their pathological status (P>0.05). Moreover, gender, gestational age and reasons for hospitalization had no significant relationships with the lesion type (P>0.05). Type of delivery was however found to have a statistically significant relationship with the type of skin manifestation (P=0.043). Conclusion Skin manifestations in the neonates hospitalized in the NICU are found to be less frequent in the present study compared to those in other studies, which can be attributed to the retrospective type of study using profiles and the lack of direct medical examination of patients.
Gangguan Fungsi Paru dan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya pada Karyawan PT.Semen Tonasa Pangkep Sulawasi Selatan

ABSTRACT Background : One of the negative effect of cement industy is air pollution by dust. Dust emitted from cement factory, during burning process and from transportation of material to the factory and out from the factory and it’s also from packaging process. This pollution can influence the environment and human health. Method : This research was aimed to measure employee lung function and influenced factors at PT. Semen Tonasa. It was an observation study with a cross sectional design that observed 91 samples from May until June 2006. Data was obtained by interview with respondent, measured of lung capacity, body weight and height, and also measured cement dust concentration packing area, rawmill, cruser, mine, kiln and cement mill. Data analysis to done used univariat, bivariat to used Chi Square test and multivariat to used Logistic Regretion with enter method. Results : The results was shown that dust from cement in packing area was 18,47mg/m 3 , raw mill 1,63mg/m 3 , lime stone cruser 14,98 mg/m 3 , mine 20,23mg/m 3 , kiln 4,56mg/m 3 , cement mill 5,98mg/m 3 . Measurement of PT.Semen Tonasa employee lung fungtion shown an average lung fungtion capacity of the respondent was 88,22% FEV1/FVC with standart deviation 12,174, lowest value 48% FEV1/FVC and highest value 100% FEV1/FVC. Chi Square result shown there is significant relationship between age (p value = 0,015; RP = 1,721; 95% CI = 1,130 – 2,621), work duration ( p value = 0,017; RP = 1,768; 95% CI = 1,108 – 2,821), personal protective equipment (p value = 0,010; RP = 0,572; 95% CI = 0,390 – 0,838) and smoking habit (p value = 0,046; OR = 2,764; 95%CI = 1,020 – 7,495) with lung function disorder (p<0,05), Logistic Regretion result shown personal protective equipment (p value = 0,012; OR = 3,289; 95%CI = 1,299 – 8,327) and smoking habit (p value = 0,046; OR = 2,764; 95%CI = 1,020 – 7,495) can influence lung function disorders at the same time. Conclusion : Therefore it is important for controlling the impact of airpolution by utilization of masker and smoking prohibition while working to decrease lung function disorder. Key words : cement industri, cement dust, lung function disorders
Modelocked GaSb disk laser producing 384 fs pulses at 2 μm wavelength

A gallium-antimonide-based semiconductor disk laser was passively modelocked to produce near transform-limited 384 fs pulses at a wavelength of 1960 nm. A fast semiconductor saturable absorber mirror was used as a modelocking element in the laser. Both the gain structure and the saturable absorber incorporated multiple InGaSb/GaSb quantum wells, providing necessary gain and absorption.
A Conceptual Model for Cryptosporidium Transport in Watersheds

This paper describes a conceptual model to estimate Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst transport from source to water treatment plant intake. The intent of the model is ultimately to be able to predict oocyst concentrations at an intake to an order-of-magnitude level. The transport and fate mechanisms included are: oocyst detachment from waste or soil, generation of runoff, overland transport, reservoir and in-stream transport, and oocyst die-off. The model is formulated in finite difference form, and deals with both non-point sources from manureapplied areas, and point sources from wastewater treatment plants. An important contribution of this work is the recognition that the settling rates of free and floc- or particle-associated oocysts can be considerably different. This has important implications for their transport. A finite difference scheme was developed for five sections of a hypothetical watershed: a point source, a lake or reservoir (which can be modelled as either a continuous stirred tank reactor or an ideal rectangular setting tank), the section of stream channel from the outlet of the lake or reservoir to the confluence with another stream, a tributary with a non-point source, and the stream section from the confluence to a water treatment plant intake. The stream confluence is handled with a simple mass and flow balance. It would be very expensive to collect the necessary data to test the model. Because an appropriate data set was not available, the model was tested by means of a sensitivity analysis for the hypothetical watershed, using reasonable parameter settings for the base case. The major contribution of the model is in defining the mechanisms involved in oocyst transport within a watershed. It gives important insights into the significance of various factors, provides a basis for data collection, and identifies areas where experimental investigations are required to avoid the need for simplifying assumptions. At its current state of development, the model cannot be used to provide quantitative predictions, but defines a base from which further detailed modelling can be developed to aid in decisionmaking for pathogen control. Using the framework that this model provides, contributions from other sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts such as domestic animals and combined sewage overflows could also be modelled.
PVRL2 rs6859 Modifies the Effect of Triglyceride on Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Shanghai Aging Study

Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between normal cognition and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many AD-risk variants and indicated the important role of lipid metabolism pathway in AD progression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of triglyceride (TG) and genetic risk factors on progression from MCI to AD (MCI-AD progression). Methods The current study sample comprised of 305 MCI subjects aged 50 and over who were prospectively followed up for average 4.5 years in a sub-cohort of the Shanghai Aging Study. A consensus diagnosis of incident AD was conducted according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline for analyzing serum TG. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping was performed using a MassARRAY system. The effect of TG, genetic variants and their interaction on MCI-AD progression were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results During a mean (±SD) follow-up period of 4.5±1.3 y, 58 subjects developed incident AD. The SNP, rs6859 in the Poliovirus Receptor–Related 2 (PVRL2) gene, was significantly associated with incident AD (false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P = 0.018). In multivariate cox model, the PVRL2 rs6859 AG, AA and AG+AA genotypes were associated with significantly increased incident AD, compared with the GG genotype (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.29, P = 0.029, and HR = 2.92, P = 0.013, and HR = 2.47, P =0.012, respectively). In PVRL2 rs6859 AG/AA carriers, higher ln TG was significantly associated with increased risk of incident AD (adjusted HR =2.64, P = 0.034). Ln TG and PVRL2 rs6859 had interactive effect on the MCI-AD progression (P Ln TG × rs6859 = 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicated that PVRL2 rs6859 modified the effect of TG on MCI-AD progression. Precision prevention in MCI population based on genetic information should be considered to avoid progression to AD.
Phenomena affecting penetration mechanisms of polycrystalline diamond compact bits

A drill setup is prepared to study the influence of borehole pressure and bit hydraulics on the performance of a drill bit. -- Experimental study of bit-rock interaction shows that the negative influence of the borehole pressure on penetration mechanisms of polycrystalline diamond compact (POC) bits, in addition to the rock strengthening under elevated borehole pressure, is the accumulation of cuttings in between the face of cutters and rock surface in the zone of penetration. -- The flow of cuttings on the surface of the cutter, results in applying a confining pressure on the zone of penetration. This confinement causes a considerable rock strengthening in the zone of penetration, which increases the mechanical specific energy and reduces the rate of penetration. The value of the confinement is observed to be related to the coefficient of friction between the cutter and cuttings and the geometry of the rockcutter interaction. -- On the other hand, utilizing a bit with an appropriate jet flow significantly improves the performance of the bit. However, the experimental results indicate that there is an optimum condition for applying the hydraulic power on the bit, which yields maximum drilling efficiency. -- In addition, in a simulation of a single POC cutter-rock interaction, using the distinct element method, it has been found that there is an optimum condition for vibrations of the bit which results in the minimum energy of penetration. The optimum condition of the cutter oscillation can be defined in terms of vertical displacement amplitude and vertical velocity amplitude of the cutter while it is moving horizontally. These parameters can be changed by adjusting inertia of the cutter with respect to the horizontal speed of the cutter.
COMPRESSION TESTING OF CONCRETE: CYLINDERS VS. CUBES

Concrete cylinder and cube specimens for compression testing were compared through a survey of past research, including testing procedures, factors affecting the cylinder/cube strength ratio, and conversion factors and equations. The main difference between cylinder and cube testing procedures is capping. Cylinder ends are usually not plane or parallel enough to mate properly with platens of compression testing machines, and thus must be capped with sulphur, neoprene, or other suitable material for proper distribution of the applied load. Cubes, however, are not capped but cast in rigid molds with sides that are plane and parallel. When tested, they are flipped on their sides so that machine platens mate properly with cube surfaces. Factors affecting the cylinder/cube strength ratio are 1) casting, curing, and testing procedure; 2) specimen geometry; 3) level of strength; 4) direction of loading and machine characteristics; and 5) aggregate grading. Past efforts to determine empirical conversion relationships and conversion factors have shown that it is difficult (if not impossible) to predict relationships between cylinder and cube strengths. Past research has also shown the cylinder/cube strength ratio to be between about 0.65 and 0.90, although ratios outside that range have also been observed. Based on this survey of past research, replacing cylinder testing with cube testing is not recommended.
Hybrid AI Models for the Characterization of Oil and Gas Reservoirs: Concept, Design and Implementation

Oil and Gas remain the most exploited source of energy in the world today and have been predicted that they will continue to be available for exploitation in many decades to come. Hence, there is the need to develop accurate and robust predictive models for their effective and efficient exploration, exploitation and management to ensure consistent availability. Various Artificial Intelligence techniques have been used but with dire needs for improvement. Recently, hybrid schemes have been reported to offer better performance and reliability. The capabilities of these schemes have not been well utilized in Oil and Gas. This book explains how these schemes have been utilized in the prediction of porosity and permeability, two important indicators of oil and gas reserves, based on the hybridization of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic, Support Vector Machines and Functional Networks, using real-world well logs. The results are very promising. This book will be of great benefit to researchers and practitioners in the application of AI techniques in oil and gas as well as in Data Mining and Machine Learning.
Motorcycle Impacts into Roadside Barriers – Real-World Accident Studies, Crash Tests and Simulations Carried Out in Germany and Australia

Roadside protection systems such as steel guard rails or concrete barriers were originally developed to protect occupants of cars and/or trucks – but not to protect impacting motorcycle riders. Motorcycle rider crashes into such barriers have been identified as resulting in severe injuries and hence has become a subject of road safety research. The German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) requested DEKRA Accident Research to analyze real-world crashes involving motorcycles impacting roadside barriers and to identify typical crash characteristics for full-scale crash tests of a conventional steel system and a concrete barrier. A study of 57 real-world crashes identified two crash test scenarios which have been carried out: one with the motorcycle driven in an upright position and one with the motorcycle with the rider sliding on the road surface. The pre-crash velocity chosen was 60 km/h. The impact angle was 12° for the upright driven motorcycle and 25° for the motorcycle and rider sliding. Two crash tests have been conducted to analyze impacts onto conventional steel guard rails and two tests to analyze impacts onto a concrete barrier. Two additional full-scale crash tests were carried out to analyze the behavior of a modified roadside protection system made from steel. A second phase of the work involved carrying out computer simulations at Monash University? s Department of Civil Engineering. The DEKRA results from the crash test, where the upright motorcycle impacts the concrete barrier, were used to validate a MADYMO motorcycle-barrier model. This model was then used to investigate other impact speeds, a 25° impact angle scenario and different impact scenarios between an upright motorcycle and a wire rope barrier system. The results revealed that the risk for motorcyclists of being injured when colliding with either a wire rope or a concrete barrier will be high. The paper describes the relevant real-world accident scenarios, the different roadside protection systems used for the tests, the crash tests, the modeling simulations and the results, and proposes improvements to barrier systems to reduce injury severity.
Study of the effect of laurel plant (Laurus Nobilis) on some biochemical markers in diabetic mellitus rats

The present study is aimed to introduce the effect of laurus nobilis extracts on blood glucose level, liver function, lipid profile, and body weight in diabetic rats. Three experiment was done for seventy- two albino male rats (150-200) grams were divided into twelve groups, in each study experiment rats were divided to four groups (6 rats for each) , first group treated with distilled water and served as control group, second group served as positive diabetic and treated with 100 mg/kg, BW single dose of alloxan. Third group treated with 250 mg\kg of oil, flavonoids and tannins extracted from Laurus nobilis, while fourth group was served as diabetic and treated with 250 mg\kg b. w of laurus nobilis extract, all groups were treated orally, the following results were evaluated, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and body weight . After 4 weeks of treating by250 mg\kg BW bay leave extracts there was significant decrease in fasting blood glucose , TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, ALT, AST, ALP, and a significant increase in HDL and body weights.
Model-based feedback control of subsonic cavity flows - control design

In this dissertation, we present and discuss development, implementation, and experimental results of reduced-order model based feedback control of subsonic cavity flows. Model based feedback control of subsonic flows have been studied and implemented by the flow control group at the Collaborative Center of Control Science (CCCS) at the Ohio State University (OSU). The team, composed of researchers from the departments of Electrical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at the Ohio State, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and NASA Glenn Research Center, possesses synergistic capabilities in all of the required multidisciplinary areas of experimental data acquisition, computational flow simulation, low dimensional modeling, controller design, and experimental validation. The goal of the CCCS effort is to develop tools and methodologies for the use of closed-loop aerodynamic flow control to manipulate the flow over maneuvering air vehicles. The problem chosen for the initial study by the CCCS flow team is control of the resonant noise generated by subsonic flow past an open cavity. This phenomenon is characterized by a strong coupling between the flow dynamics and the flow-induced acoustic field that can lead to self-sustained resonance. Two approaches towards model development have been studied in this dissertation. One aims at representing the physical properties of the system by dynamical models in transfer function forms, referred to as the physics-based linear model in ii this dissertation. The other approach we have followed is based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Galerkin projection methods involving the flow governing equations, which is referred to as the nonlinear model or Galerkin model in the dissertation. Each model mentioned above can be further divided into two types: model derived from numerical simulation data and model derived from real time experimental data. Different types of feedback controllers have been designed for corresponding flow models. Closed-loop system performance has been evaluated by both numerical simulation and experimental implementation as well. These results confirm that model based feedback control represents a promising approach to flow control even in its current infancy state.
Effects of physical guidance on motor control and learning during human walking

Background Treadmill training with bodyweight support and manual assistance improves walking ability of patients with neurological injury. The purpose of this study was to determine how manual assistance changes muscle activation and kinematic patterns during treadmill training in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Methods We tested six volunteers with incomplete spinal cord injury and six volunteers with intact nervous systems. Subjects with spinal cord injury walked on a treadmill at six speeds (0.18-1.07 m/s) with body weight support, with and without manual assistance. Healthy subjects walked at the same speeds only with body weight support. We measured electromyographic (EMG) and kinematics in the lower extremities and calculated EMG root mean square (RMS) amplitudes and joint excursions. We performed cross-correlation analyses to compare EMG and kinematic profiles.