Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global asymptotic stability of a class of dynamical neural networks

In this paper, we present a sufficient condition for the existence, uniqueness, and global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the equilibrium point for a class of dynamical neural networks. It is shown that the quasi-diagonally column-sum dominant condition on the interconnection matrix of the neural network proves the existence, uniqueness, and GAS of the equilibrium point with respect to all nondecreasing activation functions. This condition is also compared with the previous results derived in the literature.
Solar abundances from X-ray flare observations

X-ray line and continuum observations are used to derive the absolute coronal abundances of Si, S, Ar, and Ca from lines of hydrogenor helium-like ions. For Si (7.7+0.2, -0.3) and Ca (6.5+0.1, -0.3) the measured coronal values are in good agreement with the photospheric values, but the value for S (6.9+0.1, -0.3) is approximately half of the photospheric value. The abundance of Ar (6.4+0.2, -0.3) also appears to be lower in the corona by a factor of 2-3 than would be expected. It is suggested that these differences are due to ambipolar and magnetic diffusion effects.
Eta Carinae across the 2003.5 Minimum: Deciphering the Spectrum toward Weigelt D

Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST STIS) near-ultraviolet (NUV) echelle spectra reveal complex structure in the sight line toward the Weigelt D condensation located 0.25'' north-northwest of η Car. In previous studies, the Weigelt condensations have been described to exhibit pure emission line spectra dominated by transitions in mainly singly and doubly ionized iron-group elements. However, high spectral (R ~ 100,000) and angular (<0.060'' FWHM) resolutions show that the spectra are modified by circumstellar (CS) absorption and stellar wind lines formed as far as 1500 AU from the central source. This analysis uses data recorded between 2000 October and 2004 March to monitor changes in emission and absorption as the UV photoexciting fluxes from η Car drop and later reappear. We compare changes in the wind profiles seen against the star and the CS absorptions to gain knowledge of the properties of the extended wind and the ejecta. Complete spectra, in the wavelength region 2424-2706 Å, with line identifications are available in the electronic edition of this paper.
Chimie des atmosphères planétaires : de la Terre à Titan , de Titan à la Terre primitive

La Terre et Titan, plus grand satellite de Saturne, presentent des similarites atmospheriques importantes. Tous deux ont une atmosphere dense d'une pression de l'ordre du bar a leur surface, composee majoritairement d'azote. Une difference majeure de composition atmospherique les distingue. Le second compose majoritaire est l'oxygene sur la Terre, le methane sur Titan. L'atmosphere terrestre est par consequent une atmosphere aux proprietes oxydantes alors que l'atmosphere de Titan est a tendance reductrice. Cette propriete entraine des schemas d'evolution par photochimie radicalement differents pour les composes organiques volatiles presents dans ces deux atmospheres : une lyse oxydante des squelettes carbones dans l'atmosphere terrestre, et une croissance organique efficace dans l'atmosphere de Titan. Sur Titan la croissance organique conduit a la formation de particules solides en suspension, creant un brouillard organique qui enveloppe l'ensemble du satellite naturel et qui constitue un materiau chimique complexe d'interet prebiotique. Je m'interesse particulierement a l'influence des especes ionisees sur cette croissance organique et envisage de l'etudier dans le cas de la complexification chimique de l'atmosphere terrestre primitive.
Almost sure behavior of linear functionals of supercritical branching processes

The exact a.s. behavior of any linear functional Z„ • a of a supercritical positively regular p-type (1 < p < oo) Galton-Watson process {Z„} is found under a second moment hypothesis. The main new results are of iterated logarithm type, with normalizing constants depending on the decomposition of a according to the Jordan canonical form of the offspring mean matrix.
Algorithms by design: A new normalized time‐weighted residual methodology and design of a family of energy–momentum conserving algorithms for non‐linear structural dynamics

A new approach termed as the hybrid displacement–strain‐based normalized time‐weighted residual approach is presented to accurately model non‐linear structural dynamic problems. The focus here is restricted to all possible algorithmic designs within the class of linear multi‐step methods that fall under the umbrella of the generalized single solve single step linear dynamic framework originally developed via the classical time‐weighted residual approach involving a single solve within each time step as such designs are the most predominant in research and commercial software (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2004; 59:597–668; Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2006; 66:1738–1790). However, traditional practices via classical time‐weighted residual approaches fail to preserve the underlying physics and stability and do not serve the purposes of extensions to non‐linear dynamic situations. In contrast, a new normalized time‐weighted residual approach is proposed that naturally enables such extensions leading to the design of a family of conserving time operators for unconstrained conservative dynamic systems without resorting to enforcing energy constraints as in past practices. Consequently, the algorithmic stability (in the sense of energy stability) via this approach for non‐linear dynamic problems is also preserved. For linear dynamic situations, it reverts to the classical paradigm. Only simple numerical illustrations are purposely presented to demonstrate the basic concepts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Synergy of Large Area Surveys with AKARI and Herschel

The Herschel Space Observatory is the European Space Agency’s state of the art infrared space telescope launched into space on 14 May 2009, covering the wavelength range from 70-700 microns with 3 instruments SPIRE, PACS and HIFI. Large area surveys are being carried out by Herschel in the AKARI legacy fields at the North and South Ecliptic Poles and the AKARI All-Sky Survey provides additional synergy with the largest survey with Herschel, H-ATLAS, covering more than 500 square degrees. This paper reports on some of the early results of these synergies between Herschel and AKARI including the first comparison of the AKARI All-Sky Survey number counts with the deeper Herschel surveys.
A Jump of the Saturation Number in Random Graphs?

For graphs $G$ and $F$, the saturation number $\textit{sat}(G,F)$ is the minimum number of edges in an inclusion-maximal $F$-free subgraph of $G$. In 2017, Kor\'andi and Sudakov initiated the study of saturation in random graphs. They showed that for constant $p\in (0,1)$, whp $\textit{sat}\left(G(n,p),K_s\right)=\left(1+o(1)\right)n\log_{\frac{1}{1-p}}n$. We show that for every graph $F$ and every constant $p\in (0,1)$, whp $\textit{sat}\left(G(n,p), F\right)=O(n\ln n)$. Furthermore, if every edge of $F$ belongs to a triangle, then the above is the right asymptotic order of magnitude, that is, whp $\textit{sat}\left(G(n,p),F\right)=\Theta(n\ln n)$. We further show that for a large family of graphs $\mathcal{F}$ with an edge that does not belong to a triangle, which includes all the bipartite graphs, for every $F\in \mathcal{F}$ and constant $p\in(0,1)$, whp $\textit{sat}\left(G(n,p),F\right)=O(n)$. We conjecture that this sharp transition from $O(n)$ to $\Theta(n\ln n)$ depends only on this property, that is, that for any graph $F$ with at least one edge that does not belong to a triangle, whp $\textit{sat}\left(G(n,p),F\right)=O(n)$. We further generalise the result of Kor\'andi and Sudakov, and show that for a more general family of graphs $\mathcal{F}'$, including all complete graphs $K_s$ and all complete multipartite graphs of the form $K_{1,1,s_3,\ldots, s_{\ell}}$, for every $F\in \mathcal{F}'$ and every constant $p\in(0,1)$, whp $\textit{sat}\left(G(n,p),F\right)=\left(1+o(1)\right)n\log_{\frac{1}{1-p}}n$. Finally, we show that for every complete multipartite graph $K_{s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_{\ell}}$ and every $p\in \left[\frac{1}{2},1\right)$, $\textit{sat}\left(G(n,p),K_{s_1,s_2,\ldots,s_{\ell}}\right)=\left(1+o(1)\right)n\log_{\frac{1}{1-p}}n$.
Should Engineering Thermodynamics Include a Simplified Treatment of Its Underlying Molecular Basis

Engineering Thermodynamics is commonly treated at undergraduate level as “classical thermodynamics and its applications”. Recent publications, using one dimensional simulations employing hard spheres have proposed ways to obtain the laws of thermodynamics. These models help to explain the state laws, the limitation of the Carnot cycle relationship as well as difficult concepts like entropy. The models, although deterministic, are able to demonstrate the probabilistic behaviour, normally explained by the mathematically sophisticated derivations of Statistical Mechanics. Is it time to include a simplified, mechanistic explanation of Engineering Thermodynamics by deriving it from its molecular basis? Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) attenuates microglial cytotoxicity through the activation of Src pathway

It has been known for a long time that microglial activation plays an important role in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Once activated, they have macrophage-like capabilities, which can be detrimental by producing proinflammatory and neurotoxic factors including cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide that directly or indirectly cause neurodegeneration. Therefore, the regulation of microglial-induced neuroinflammation is considered a useful strategy in searching for neuroprotective treatments. In this study, our results showed that low power laser irradiation (LPLI) (20 J/cm2) could suppress microglial-induced neuroinflammation in LPS-activated microglia. We found that LPLI-mediated neuroprotection was achieved by activating tyrosine kinases Src, which led to MyD88 tyrosine phosphorylation, thus impairing MyD88-dependent proinflammatory signaling cascade. Our research may provide a feasible therapeutic approach to control the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Drips to Drops — Bridging the Gap

The motion leading up to, and some time after, the detachment of a drop from a dripping tap is relatively easy to describe. However, at the instant of detachment the topology of the fluid shape changes, which gives rise to both a mathematical singularity and a computational diculty. The form of the flows immediately before and after the instant of separation is examined, with a particular interest in how these are matched through the bifurcation.
Low Temperature Crystal Growth and Ceramic Sintering of BaTiO3–Type Oxyfluorides

The interest of LiF as additive to BaTiO3 has been pointed out for sintering dielectric oxyfluoride ceramics at low temperature (tsint=930°C). The understanding of the corresponding sintering process leads us to characterize ceramics and single crystals prepared at t<1000°C. Ceramic grains and crystals have a composition Ba(Ti1-xLix)O3-3xF3x. The whole composition of the ceramics (grain and grain boundaries) is compared to that of crystals. This study per formed on many samples allows to prove the existence of a grain boundary phase, with low melting temperature, facilitating the grain coalescence. The diffuse character of the phase transition and the grain composition gradient induce a large maximum of the ceramic permittivity at Tc, result of great interest for dielectric capacitors.
Rokhlin extensions and lifting disjointness

Assuming that two ergodic automorphisms T and R are disjoint, we prove that an ergodic extension $\tilde{T}$ of T remains disjoint with R when, in a representation of $\tilde{T}$ as a skew product over T, the fiber automorphisms belong to a mildly mixing action of a second countable locally countable abelian (LCA) group and the corresponding cocycle with values in this group is ergodic. This allows us to show that the class of ergodic automorphisms which are disjoint from all weakly mixing automorphisms is not closed under taking ergodic joinings, thereby solving a problem stated by E. Glasner and B. Weiss.
Electrohydrodynamic instability in a horizontal fluid layer with electrical conductivity gradient subject to a weak shear flow

The stability of electrohydrodynamic flow between two horizontal plates with a vertical electrical conductivity gradient has been investigated in the presence of an imposed weak shear flow. The weak shear flow is driven by the horizontal pressure gradient, and the electrical conductivity gradient is generated by the concentration variation of the charge-carrying solute. An external electric field is applied across the fluid layer, and then the interaction between the unstable stratification of electrohydrodynamic flow and the shear arising from the plane Poiseuille flow is studied. A linear stability analysis has been implemented by considering both the longitudinal and transverse modes. Unlike the thermally stratified plane Poiseuille flow in which the longitudinal mode always dominates the onset of instability and is virtually unaffected by the superimposed shear flow, the instability of this mixed electrohydrodynamic–Poiseuille flow system is found to depend heavily on the shear flow, and the transverse mode may prevail over the longitudinal mode when the momentum of shear flow is sufficiently small. Particularly, an oscillatory longitudinal mode is found to exist, and it may become the critical mode when the conductivity gradient is small enough. The present results verify that an imposed weak shear flow may enhance the electrohydrodynamic instability in a fluid layer with electrical conductivity gradient.
Possible mechanism for the onset of step-bunching instabilities during the epitaxy of single-species crystalline films

A thermodynamically consistent continuum theory for single-species, step-flow epitaxy that extends the classical Burton-Cabrera-Frank (BCF) framework is derived from basic considerations. In particular, an expression for the step chemical potential is obtained that contains two energetic contributions--one from the adjacent terraces in the form of the jump in the adatom grand canonical potential and the other from the monolayer of crystallized adatoms that underlies the upper terrace in the form of the nominal bulk chemical potential--thus generalizing the classical Gibbs-Thomson relation to the dynamic, dissipative setting of step-flow growth. The linear stability analysis of the resulting quasistatic free-boundary problem for an infinite train of equidistant rectilinear steps yields explicit--i.e., analytical--criteria for the onset of step bunching in terms of the basic physical and geometric parameters of the theory. It is found that, in contrast with the predictions of the classical BCF model, both in the absence as well as in the presence of desorption, a growth regime exists for which step bunching occurs, except possibly in the dilute limit where the train is always stable to step bunching. In the present framework, the onset of one-dimensional instabilities is directly attributed to the energetic influence on the migrating steps of themore » adjacent terraces. Hence the theory provides a ''minimalist'' alternative to existing theories of step bunching and should be relevant to, e.g., molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs where the equilibrium adatom density is shown by Tersoff, Johnson, and Orr [Phys. Rev. B 78, 282 (1997)] to be extremely high. « less
Nonlinear Quantum Motions in 2D Nano-channels Part II: Quantization and Wave Motion

Quantization and wave motion in nano-channels were conventionally treated from the probabilistic viewpoint. In Part II, we show how quantization and wave motion can be reproduced by a deterministic corpuscular description of electrons moving in the channel. The quantum Hamilton mechanics introduced in Part I is exploited to derive electron trajectories in the presence of the channelized quantum potential. The number of channels within the quantum potential is shown to be just the integer quantization levels of the conductance, and the conductance quantization is found to be a manifestation of the step-change nature of number of channels with respect to the electron incident energy. Three types of trajectory within the channel, tunneling, reflection and transmission, are solved analytically from the Hamilton equations of motion; meanwhile, explicit inequality criteria are derived to predict which type of motion will occur actually under a given incident condition. Upon solving the complex-valued Hamilton equations of motion, multiple paths between two fixed points come out naturally, and the collection of these multiple paths produces, what we know, the electronic matter wave propagating within the channel.
Optimal age replacement policy of a $k$-out-of-$n$ system with age-dependent minimal repair

Un systeme «k-parmi-n» est un systeme avec n composantes independantes fonctionnant si et seulement si au moins k de ces n composantes fonctionnent. Nous exposons une politique generale de renouvellement d'un systeme k-parmi-n incluant la reparation minimale, les renouvellements planifies ou non et les couts de reparation aleatoires. Nous obtenons l'esperance du cout sur le long terme. L'objet de cet article est de trouver le temps optimal T de renouvellement qui minimise cette esperance de cout par l'unite de temps lorsqu'on applique cette politique. Nous considerons divers cas speciaux
Color Image Edge Detection and Segmentation: A Comparison of the Vector Angle and the Euclidean Distance Color Similarity Measures

ii I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Ed Jernigan for his continued support and help in the long years that lead to the preparation of this thesis. I am also grateful to him for allowing me to choose my own topic of study and for letting me carry out the research at my own pace. I would also like to thank Dr. Bob Dony for the rich discussions on color image processing and in particular for the insight of using the vector angle as a color similarity measure. I would like to thank him, as well as Dr. Catherine Burns for taking the time to review this thesis and for providing very helpful comments. To NCR belongs the credit of allowing me to attend the University of Waterloo on a part-time basis while I worked there full time and for the tuition reimbursement program which provided much needed financial support. I would also like to acknowledge the warm support of my dear companion, my family and my friends in encouraging me to finish this work. Abstract This work is based on Shafer's Dichromatic Reflection Model as applied to color image formation. The color spaces RGB, XYZ, CIELAB, CIELUV, rgb, l 1 l 2 l 3 , and the new h 1 h 2 h 3 color space are discussed from this perspective. Two color similarity measures are studied: the Euclidean distance and the vector angle. The work in this thesis is motivated from a practical point of view by several shortcomings of current methods. The first problem is the inability of all known methods to properly segment objects from the background without interference from object shadows and highlights. The second shortcoming is the non-examination of the vector angle as a distance measure that is capable of directly evaluating hue similarity without considering intensity especially in RGB. Finally, there is inadequate research on the combination of hue-and intensity-based similarity measures to improve color similarity calculations given the advantages of each color distance measure. These distance measures were used for two image understanding tasks: edge detection, and one strategy for color image segmentation, namely color clustering. Edge …
Study of the $h_c$($1^1P_1$) meson via $\psi(2S) \rightarrow \pi^0 h_c$ decays at BESIII

Using 448 million $\psi(2S)$ events, the spin-singlet $P$-wave charmonium state $h_c$(1$^1P_1$) is studied via the $\psi(2S) \rightarrow \pi^0 h_c$ decay followed by the $h_c \to \gamma \eta_c$ transition. The branching fractions are measured to be $\mathcal{B}_{\rm Inc}(\psi(2S) \rightarrow \pi^0h_c) \times \mathcal{B}_{\rm Tag}(h_c \rightarrow \gamma \eta_c) = (4.22 ^{+0.27}_{-0.26} \pm 0.19) \times 10^{-4}$ , $\mathcal{B}_{\rm Inc}(\psi(2S) \rightarrow \pi^0h_c) = (7.32 \pm 0.34 \pm 0.41) \times 10^{-4}$, and $\mathcal{B}_{\rm Tag}(h_c \rightarrow \gamma \eta_c) = (57.66 ^{+3.62}_{-3.50} \pm 0.58)\%$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The $h_c$(1$^1P_1$) mass and width are determined to be $M = (3525.32 \pm 0.06 \pm 0.15)~\rm{MeV}/c^{\rm{2}}$ and ${\mathit \Gamma} = (0.78 ^{+0.27}_{-0.24} \pm 0.12)~\rm{MeV}$. Using the center of gravity mass of the three $\chi_{cJ}$(1$^3 P_J$) mesons ($M(\rm c.o.g.)$), the $1P$ hyperfine mass splitting is estimated to be $\Delta_{\rm hyp} = M(h_c) - M(\rm c.o.g.) = (0.03 \pm 0.06 \pm 0.15) ~ \rm{MeV}/c^{\rm{2}}$, which is consistent with the expectation that the $1P$ hyperfine splitting is zero at the lowest-order.
Multivariate temporal disaggregation with cross-sectional constraints

Multivariate temporal disaggregation deals with the historical reconstruction and nowcasting of economic variables subject to temporal and contemporaneous aggregation constraints. The problem involves a system of time series that are related not only by a dynamic model but also by accounting constraints. The paper introduces two fundamental (and realistic) models that implement the multivariate best linear unbiased estimation approach that has potential application to the temporal disaggregation of the national accounts series. The multivariate regression model with random walk disturbances is most suitable to deal with the chained linked volumes (as the nature of the national accounts time series suggests); however, in this case the accounting constraints are not binding and the discrepancy has to be modeled by either a trend-stationary or an integrated process. The tiny, compared with other driving disturbances, size of the discrepancy prevents maximum-likelihood estimation to be carried out, and the parameters have to be estimated separately. The multivariate disaggregation with integrated random walk disturbances is suitable for the national accounts aggregates expressed at current prices, in which case the accounting constraints are binding.
New Measurement of the Earth's Absolute Velocity with the Help of the "Coupled Shutters" Experiment

I carried out the “coupled shutters” experiment for the first time in 1979 in Brussels [1, 2]. The precision achieved with that first experiment was not sufficient for accurately determining the Earth’s absolute velocity. Thus with that experiment I could only establish that this velocity was not greater than 3,000 km/sec. The “coupled shutters” experiment is relatively very simple and cheap [1, 2], however no scientist in the world has repeated it. The general opinion expressed in numerous letters to me, in referees’ comments on my papers, and in speeches at various space-time conferences which I attended or organized [3] is that my experiments are very sophisticated and difficult to execute. The unique discussion in the press on the technical aspects of my experiments is made by Chambers [4]. Here I should like to cite the comments of my anonymous Foundations of Physics referee sent to me by the editor, Prof. van der Merwe, on the 23 June 1983: