Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Young Adults: Associations With Alcohol Use, PTSD Symptoms, Internalized Homophobia, and Heterosexist Discrimination

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other sexual minority (LGBQ+) young adults report similar or higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration than their heterosexual peers. Elevated IPV risk among LGBQ+ young adults may be attributable to experiencing heterosexist discrimination and internalized homophobia. In addition, LGBQ+ people report disproportionate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration in dating relationships. Thus, this study explored which combinations of IPV risk factors (i.e., experiencing heterosexist discrimination, internalized homophobia, PTSD symptoms, alcohol use) related to forms of IPV perpetration, inclusive of psychological, physical, and sexual forms, in a sample of 342 LGBQ+ young adults. Internalized homophobia was related to psychological IPV perpetration at high and medium levels of PTSD symptoms and only high levels of alcohol use. PTSD symptoms and alcohol use interacted to predict psychological IPV perpetration; and PTSD symptoms related to increased psychological IPV perpetration at high and medium, but not low, alcohol use levels. Alcohol use was positively related to physical IPV perpetration. No other risk factors or interactions were significantly related to physical or sexual IPV perpetration. Results were consistent with prior findings that linked internalized homophobia, alcohol use, and PTSD symptoms to IPV perpetration and highlight the interacting nature of these IPV perpetration risk factors. Comprehensive IPV interventions with LGBQ+ young adults should evaluate the impact of simultaneously targeting these multiple IPV risk factors considering their interacting contributions to IPV perpetration risk. More research is needed to examine the temporal relations between minority stress, PTSD symptoms, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration.
Tocilizumab as a first line biologic agent in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: real life experience from the TReasure Registry.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the retention rate, treatment response and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) as first-line biologic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with inadequate response to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD-IR). METHODS The TReasure Registry is a multicentre, web-based registry of RA and spondyloarthritis patients across Turkey. DMARD-IR RA patients who received TCZ as first-line biologic treatment were included in this registry for efficacy and safety. Demographic and clinical data, treatments, and adverse events were collected. Drug retention rate was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Among 642 RA patients who ever used TCZ, 258 DMARD-IR RA patients (male/female: 18.2%/81.8%, mean age, 54.41 years) received TCZ as first-line biologic. The median disease duration was 97 (range, 60-179) months and the median TCZ treatment duration was 15 (range, 6-28) months. At the 6th and 12th months of TCZ treatment, the decrease in disease activity scores from baseline was significant. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the retention rate of TCZ at the 12th, 24th, 36th, and 60th months as 81.1%, 73.8%, 66.2%, and 63.6%, respectively. Fifty-seven (22%) patients discontinued TCZ; the main reason being primary or secondary inefficacy (n=29). CONCLUSIONS Over 80% drug retention rate at 12th month of TCZ treatment in this real-world study was concordant with previously conducted TCZ clinical studies. Significant reductions not only in the disease activity score-28 but also in the simplified disease activity index (SDAI) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) scores, along with health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) scores, supported the impact of TCZ in RA management with a good safety profile.
Hydrology and landscape structure control subalpine catchment carbon export

Soil respiration spatial variability has been the focus of much research, however , most investigations have been limited to small spatial extent or have taken plac in areas of limited topographic and biophysical complexity. We investigated growing s eason (June-August) soil respiration across eight riparian-hillslope transitions n the subalpine upper-Stringer Creek Watershed in Montana (~380 ha). The eight transition locat ions differed in slope, upslope accumulated area (UAA), aspect, and vegetation cover durin g the 2005 growing season. Riparian-hillslope transitions are ideal for investiga ting the controls on soil CO2 dynamics due to strong, natural biophysical gradients in soil water content (SWC), temperature, and organic matter, which largely drive soil res piration. We analyzed daily-to-weekly measurements of SWC, soil temperature, soil CO 2 concentrations, surface CO 2 efflux, and soil and vegetation C and N content (collected once) at 32 locations across eight transects. Instantaneous soil surface CO 2 efflux was not significantly different both within and between riparian and hillslope zones at monthly timescales according to ANOVA analysis. However, cumulative growing 14 season comparisons indicated that riparian zones had on average 25% greater effl ux than adjacent hillslopes, and that cumulative efflux decreased downstream concurrent with decreasing UAA and vegetation cover, and increasing slopes. This study provides fundamental insight into controls on soil CO 2 efflux across strong biophysical gradients, offers implications for up-scaling point scale measurements of soil respi ration, and highlights the need for consideration of landscape position in soil respiration st udies.
The Significance of Periglacial Phenomena in Iceland

One of the main problems of current research in periglacial geomorphology is that forms or cornplexes of forms mayor may not be significant of certain environmental conditions. The example of Iceland allows one to pursue the problem of the significance of periglacial phenomena under two aspects: 1) The effects of c1imatic and edaphic conditions on the distribution and differentiation of specific periglacial landforms. 2) The special character of the Icelandic periglacial environment within the polar periglacial zone. These questions were discussed during a fieldtrip in August 1982 to the Central Highlands of leeland (cf. Fig. I) of the IGU-Commission on "The Significance of Periglacial Phenomena" (Chairman: H. M. French).
Impacts of Laptev Sea polynyas on sea ice production and the atmospheric boundary layer

Arctic flaw polynyas are considered to be highly productive areas for the formation of sea ice throughout the winter season. In addition, heat and moisture fluxes are strongly modulated by open water fractions associated with polynyas, having important consequences e.g. for the atmospheric boundary layer and ocean processes. Our geographical focus is on the Laptev Sea area of the Siberian Arctic (Fig.1, Fig.2), which is a key area for arctic sea ice production (Dmitrenko et al. 2009).
Credit constraints, occupational choice and the process of development : long run evidence from cash transfers in Uganda

This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Credit constraints, occupational choice and the process of development : long run evidence from cash transfers in Uganda, conducted in the year 2008 in Uganda. The study observed that poor, unemployed men are commonly associated with social dislocation and unrest, and governments routinely justify employment programs on reducing such risks. Despite huge economic effects, we see little impact on cohesion, aggression, and collective action. The treated youth invest most of the grant in skills and business assets. After four years, they are 65 percent more likely to practice a skilled trade, mainly small scale industry. The gains are the largest amongst those with the fewest assets. Women earn higher returns than men compared to control (84 percent for women, 31 percent for men). Funding for the study derived from Uganda Social Action Fund, Spanish Impact Evaluation Fund.
The Sensitivity of Aerodynamic Forces to Multi-parameters in a Bird-like Flapping Wing

The sensitivity of aerodynamic forces in a bird-like flapping wing was numerically studied by analyzing the aerodynamic force states under different parameters. First, the physical model and the kinematic model of the bird-like flapping wing were separately established. Then the aerodynamic force model was established and some important parameters were analyzed by adopting the Taguchi orthogonal method. Finally, a simulation was carried out, from which the order of the parameters was separately determined according to the parameters’ effect on lift or thrust. The results showed that increasing the flapping frequency is one of the most important ways to increase lift and thrust. The lift can be increased by increasing the flight velocity, while the thrust can be increased by increasing the maximum flapping angle. The lift or the thrust becomes larger when the incidence angle is approximately or .
Adversarial Attack Vulnerability of Medical Image Analysis Systems

Adversarial attacks are considered a potentially serious security threat for machine learning systems. Medical image analysis (MedIA) systems have recently been argued to be particularly vulnerable to adversarial attacks due to strong ﬁnancial incentives. In this paper, we study several previously unexplored factors aﬀecting adversarial attack vulnerability of deep learning MedIA systems in three medical domains: oph-thalmology, radiology and pathology. Firstly, we study the eﬀect of varying the degree of adversarial perturbation on the attack performance and its visual perceptibility. Secondly, we study how pre-training on a public dataset (ImageNet) aﬀects the models’ vulnerability to attacks. Thirdly, we study the inﬂuence of data and model architecture disparity between target and attacker models. Our experiments show that the degree of perturbation signiﬁcantly aﬀects both performance and human percep-tibility of attacks. Pre-training may dramatically increase the transfer of adversarial examples; the larger the performance gain achieved by pre-training, the larger the transfer. Finally, disparity in data and/or model architecture between target and attacker models substantially decreases the success of attacks. We believe that these factors should be considered when designing cybersecurity-critical MedIA systems, as well as kept in mind when evaluating their vulnerability to adversarial attacks.
Exploring the relationships of fire occurrence variables by means of CART and MARS models

Recently, in the framework of long-term fire risk assessment, researcher have implemented spatial and non-spatial non-parametric prediction models to discover complex relationships among wildfire variables. The main scope was to overcome the assumption of spatial stationarity in the relationship among the response variable and the predictors, assumed by the traditional regression techniques. The present article aims to test and compare the potential of the CART and MARS models in predicting fire occurrence at local scale. The test is performed in the Arno River Basin, a fire prone area located in the central part of Italy. Road network, topographic variables and population data were implemented to build up fire prediction model using 1621 ignition points recorded during the period 1997-2003. The models produce two prediction maps slightly similar. In general the CART model overperform compare to the MARS one. Nonetheless, the MARS model produces a smoothened surface that theoretically better follow the probability of a fire event.
Lasting visual hallucinations in visual deprivation; fMRI correlates and the influence of rTMS

### Clinical symptomatology A blind, otherwise healthy female (50 years old) was referred to our hospital with visual complaints concerning ongoing sensations of colour and movement. She had suffered from bilateral eye disease (retinopathy), resulting in irreversible blindness 22 years ago. Ever since, she perceived visual sensations in the entire visual field, consisting of changing colours and a semitransparent flow. The movement sensations showed a regular cyclic pattern: changing direction every 2 days, being slow when directed to the right and fast when directed to the left. In particular, the first day with flow to the left was very disturbing. One year after the start of the visual sensations, both eyes were removed and replaced by prostheses, which of course had no effect on the visual sensations. Antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs had no effect either. An equivalent of Charles Bonnet syndrome is suggested.1 ### F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed to gain a further insight in mechanisms underlying these visual sensations and to define a possible focus for therapeutic rTMS. Cerebral FDG-PET showed bilaterally reduced occipital-, superior parietal and thalamic metabolism (figure 1A). Using fMRI, we localised brain regions specifically involved in either visual motion or colour perception, by verbally instructing the patient to focus attention to either colour or movement. In a …
Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease: a Hierarchy of Impairments Involving Perception, Source Monitoring and Reasoning

As a close functional relationship exists between the midbrain and neocortical areas including the prefrontal cortex [17] and the hippocampus (for a review, see [18], it is not surprising to find evidence in PD of deficits in both prefrontal-dependent functions which include planning, problem-solving, reasoning [19,20], response inhibition [21], working memory [22] and hippocampusResearch Article
Computer Vision and Image Understanding

Surveillance cameras have become a customary security equipment in buildings and streets worldwide. It is uptotheﬁeldofComputationalForensicstoprovideautomatedmethodsforextractingandanalyzingrelevant imagedata capturedby suchequipment. Inthisarticle,we describe an effective andsemi-automated method for detecting vanishing points, with their subsequent application to the problem of computing heights in single images. With no necessary camera calibration, our method iteratively clusters segments in the bi-dimensional projective space, identifying all vanishing points – ﬁnite and inﬁnite – in an image. We conduct experiments on images of man-made environments to evaluate the output of the proposed method and we also consider its application on a photogrammetry framework.
Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Petal Color Formation in Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus exhibits vibrant petals and displays robust resistance to disease and drought, making it highly valuable for ornamental and gardening applications. While the application of C. roseus as a source of anticancer drugs has gained considerable attention in recent years, there has been limited investigation into the regulatory mechanism underlying anthocyanin accumulation in the petals of C. roseus. This study comprehensively analyzed the metabolome and transcriptome of three distinct C. roseus varieties exhibiting different petal colors. Out of the 39 identified flavonoids, 10 anthocyanins exhibited significant variations in accumulation, directly contributing to the diverse coloration of C. roseus petals. Among them, malvidin 3-O-glucoside and petunidin 3-O-glucoside were identified as primary contributors to the purple petal phenotype, while peonidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside exhibited the highest contribution rates to the red petals. Additionally, the variation content of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, and petunidin 3-O-rutinoside also influenced the color transformation of C. roseus petals. RNA sequencing identified a total of 4173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1003 overlapping DEGs. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that the coordinately regulated anthocyanin biosynthetic genes including chalcone isomerase (CHS), flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) played critical roles in the formation of the anthocyanins. MYB and bHLH transcription factors were also found to be significantly correlated with differences in flower color. These results serve as a foundation for future investigations into anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms in C. roseus.
Prognostic Significance of Stromal Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (cid:1) -Receptor Expression in Human Breast Cancer

This study systematically analyzes platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor expression in six types of common tumors as well as examines associations between PDGF (cid:1) -receptor status and clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer. PDGF receptor expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue microarrays. Breast tumor data were combined with prognostic factors and related to outcome endpoints. PDGF (cid:2) - and (cid:1) -recep-tors were independently expressed, at variable frequencies, in the tumor stroma of all tested tumor types. There was a significant association between PDGF (cid:1) -receptor expression on fibroblasts and perivascular cells in individual colon and prostate tumors. In breast cancer, high stromal PDGF (cid:1) -recep-tor expression was significantly associated with high histopathological grade, estrogen receptor negativity, and high HER2 expression. High stromal PDGF (cid:1) -re-ceptor expression was correlated with significantly shorter recurrence-free and breast cancer-specific survival. The prognostic significance of stromal PDGF (cid:1)
Is the visual world a grand illusion

In this paper I explore a brand of scepticism about perceptual experience that takes its start from recent work in psychology and philosophy of mind on change blindness and related phenomena. I argue that the new scepticism rests on a problematic phenomenology of perceptual experience. I then consider a strengthened version of the sceptical challenge that seems to be immune to this criticism. This strengthened sceptical challenge formulates what I call the problem of perceptual presence. I show how this problem can be addressed by drawing on an enactive or sensorimotor approach to perceptual consciousness. Our experience of environmental detail consists in our access to that detail thanks to our possession of practical knowledge of the way in which what we do and sensory stimulation depend on each other.
Numerical Simulation of Sand Ripple Dynamics in Turbulent Flows

Evolution of sand ripples in waves and combined wave-current flows is investigated using a numerical model that allows the simulation of coupled flow-bedform evolution in turbulent flows. The numerical model is a large-eddy simulation code which solves the 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with a dynamic mixed subgrid turbulence model on moving generalised curvilinear coordinates. The model allows the calculation of hydrodynamics on a moving bed due to the sediment pick-up and erosion. With a resolved fine grid resolution near the bed, detailed observations of the hydrodynamics in the turbulent boundary layer and the associated sediment transport can be obtained. We investigate the development of sand ripples starting from a flat bed. The model successfully reveals the detailed dynamics of bedform evolution, sediment transport, and flow features during different stages of the ripple development, namely, bedform initiation, rolling grain ripples, and vortex ripples. Furthermore, we investigate sand ripple evolution in waves, waves with weak currents, and waves with strong currents, in which wave and current directions are orthogonal to each other. The present model results are compared with observ ations from the laboratory experiment. Comparison with the sonar images from the laboratory experiment shows good agreement between the model and laboratory results, demonstrating the capability of the present model to capture real features of combined wave-current flow in the laboratory.
Advancing Our Understanding of Martian Proton Aurora Through a Coordinated Multi‐Model Comparison Campaign

Proton aurora are the most commonly observed yet least studied type of aurora at Mars. In order to better understand the physics and driving processes of Martian proton aurora, we undertake a multi‐model comparison campaign. We compare results from four different proton/hydrogen precipitation models with unique abilities to represent Martian proton aurora: Jolitz model (3‐D Monte Carlo), Kallio model (3‐D Monte Carlo), Bisikalo/Shematovich et al. model (1‐D kinetic Monte Carlo), and Gronoff et al. model (1‐D kinetic). This campaign is divided into two steps: an inter‐model comparison and a data‐model comparison. The inter‐model comparison entails modeling five different representative cases using similar constraints in order to better understand the capabilities and limitations of each of the models. Through this step we find that the two primary variables affecting proton aurora are the incident solar wind particle flux and velocity. In the data‐model comparison, we assess the robustness of each model based on its ability to reproduce a proton aurora observation. All models are able to effectively simulate the general shape of the data. Variations in modeled intensity and peak altitude can be attributed to differences in model capabilities/solving techniques and input assumptions (e.g., cross sections, 3‐D vs. 1‐D solvers, and implementation of the relevant physics and processes). The good match between the observations and multiple models gives a measure of confidence that the appropriate physical processes and their associated parameters have been correctly identified and provides insight into the key physics that should be incorporated in future models.
University of Groningen Characteristics of adolescent excessive drinkers compared with consumers and abstainers

Introduction and Aims. This study aimed at comparing adolescent abstainers, consumers and excessive drinkers in terms of family characteristics (structure of family, socioeconomic factors), perceived social support, personality characteristics (extraversion, self-esteem, aggression) and well-being. Design and Methods. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 3694 elementary school students in the 8th and 9th grades from several cities in Slovakia (mean age 14.5, 49.0% men; response rate 93%). Respondents completed questions on the use of alcohol and on family structure (parental divorce), the socioeconomic position of the family (parents’ education and family affluence), perceived social support, extraversion, self-esteem, aggression and psychological well-being.They were split into three groups based on the pattern of alcohol use—abstainers, consumers and excessive drinkers (i.e. being drunk at least once during the past 4 weeks). Results. The results showed significant differences between abstainers, consumers and excessive drinkers in almost every characteristic explored. A risky pattern of alcohol consumption occurs more frequently among adolescents who have divorced parents, higher socioeconomic position, higher scores for perceived social support from friends, extraversion, negative self-esteem and aggression, and lower scores for social support from family and for well-being. Discussion and Conclusions. A risky pattern of alcohol consumption is more likely among relatively easily identifiable groups of adolescents from high socioeconomic position and divorced families.Their personalities and social networks have characteristics that could be accommodated in preventive interventions as well. [Tomcikova Z, Madarasova Geckova A, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Characteristics of adolescent excessive drinkers compared with consumers and abstainers. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011;30:157–165]