Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NetTCR-2.1: Lessons and guidance on how to develop models for TCR specificity predictions

T cell receptors (TCR) define the specificity of T cells and are responsible for their interaction with peptide antigen targets presented in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Understanding the rules underlying this interaction hence forms the foundation for our understanding of basic adaptive immunology. Over the last decade, efforts have been dedicated to developing assays for high throughput identification of peptide-specific TCRs. Based on such data, several computational methods have been proposed for predicting the TCR-pMHC interaction. The general conclusion from these studies is that the prediction of TCR interactions with MHC-peptide complexes remains highly challenging. Several reasons form the basis for this including scarcity and quality of data, and ill-defined modeling objectives imposed by the high redundancy of the available data. In this work, we propose a framework for dealing with this redundancy, allowing us to address essential questions related to the modeling of TCR specificity including the use of peptide- versus pan-specific models, how to best define negative data, and the performance impact of integrating of CDR1 and 2 loops. Further, we illustrate how and why it is strongly recommended to include simple similarity-based modeling approaches when validating an improved predictive power of machine learning models, and that such validation should include a performance evaluation as a function of “distance” to the training data, to quantify the potential for generalization of the proposed model. The conclusion of the work is that, given current data, TCR specificity is best modeled using peptide-specific approaches, integrating information from all 6 CDR loops, and with negative data constructed from a combination of true and mislabeled negatives. Comparing such machine learning models to similarity-based approaches demonstrated an increased performance gain of the former as the “distance” to the training data was increased; thus demonstrating an improved generalization ability of the machine learning-based approaches. We believe these results demonstrate that the outlined modeling framework and proposed evaluation strategy form a solid basis for investigating the modeling of TCR specificities and that adhering to such a framework will allow for faster progress within the field. The final devolved model, NetTCR-2.1, is available at https://services.healthtech. dtu.dk/service.php? NetTCR-2.1.
Influence of play on positive psychological development in emerging adulthood: A serial mediation model

Introduction Although the literature reports that play provides substantial psychological benefits for individuals, it is often only emphasized by educators for younger children but less so for emerging adults. This cross-sectional study examined the impact of time spent engaged in play on emerging adults’ emotional intelligence, emotional traits, and resilience. Methods Participants (N = 131, 93.9% women) were full-time undergraduate students between the ages of 19 and 25 (M = 21.28, SD = 1.08). Results Results showed that play experiences cultivated emotional intelligence and strengthened resilience. Further, the findings supported a serial mediation model in which play was indirectly related to resilience through its effect on emotional intelligence and positive emotion. Discussion Play is recognized as a means to relieve stress and protect psychological wellbeing. Emerging adults who experience pleasure, enjoyment, learning, and the acquisition of new skills will benefit from play. Individuals should enhance positive play experiences, particularly sporting activities, to maintain a healthy work-life balance given the positive relationship between play, emotional intelligence, emotional traits, and resilience.
Water use strategies of Ferula bungeana on mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert

In desert ecosystems, ephemeral plants have developed specialized water use strategies in response to long-term natural water stress. To examine the water use strategies of desert ephemeral plants under natural extreme drought conditions, we investigated the water absorption sources, water potential, hydraulic conductivity, and water use efficiency of Ferula bungeana at different elevations on the slopes of mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert, Inner Mongolia, during a period of extreme drought. We found that the water utilized by F. bungeana was mostly absorbed from the 0–60 cm soil layers (80.47 ± 4.28%). With progression of the growing season, the source of water changed from the 0–30 cm soil layer to the 30-60 cm layer. The water potentials of the leaves, stems, and roots of F. bungeana were found to be characterized by clear diurnal and monthly variation, which were restricted by water availability and the hydraulic conductivity of different parts of the plant. The root hydraulic conductivity of F. bungeana was found to be considerably greater than that of the canopy, both of which showed significant diurnal and monthly variation. The water use efficiency of F. bungeana under extreme drought conditions was relatively high, particularly during the early and late stages of the growing season. Variations in water availability led to the regulation of water uptake and an adjustment of internal water conduction, which modified plant water use efficiency. These observations tend to indicate that the water use strategies of F. bungeana are mainly associated with the growth stage of plants, whereas the distribution pattern of plants on mega-dunes appeared to have comparatively little influence. Our findings on the water use of ephemeral plants highlight the adaptive mechanisms of these plants in desert habitats and provide a theoretical basis for selecting plants suitable for the restoration and reconstruction of desert ecosystems.
Negative symptom dimensions and social functioning in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Objective Negative symptoms can seriously affect social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. However, the role of various components of negative symptoms in social functioning remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations among three different dimensions of negative symptoms (i.e., communication, emotion, and motivation) and social functioning to identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 202 Chinese participants with schizophrenia. Negative symptoms were evaluated using the Negative Symptom Assessment (NSA). Social functioning was represented by the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) total score and employment status. Correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the relationship between negative symptoms and the PSP total score. Regression analysis was performed to explore the determinants of the PSP total score and employment status, considering negative symptoms and possible confounders, such as demographic features, positive symptoms, cognitive symptoms, depressive symptoms, and extrapyramidal side effects. Results The PSP total score was correlated with all three dimensions of negative symptoms (i.e., emotion, motivation, and communication; rs = –0.509, –0.662, and –0.657, respectively). Motivation, instead of emotion or communication, predicted both low PSP total scores and unemployment. Conclusion Social functioning in patients with schizophrenia was significantly related to motivation. Further studies should focus on motivation and consider it as a therapeutic target to improve patients’ social functioning.
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury and its contemporary prevention

The complexity and application range of interventional and diagnostic procedures using contrast media (CM) have recently increased. This allows more patients to undergo procedures that involve CM administration. However, the intrinsic CM toxicity leads to the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). At present, effective therapy of CI-AKI is rather limited. Effective prevention of CI-AKI therefore becomes crucially important. This review presents an in-depth discussion of CI-AKI incidence, pathogenesis, risk prediction, current preventive strategies, and novel treatment possibilities. The review also discusses the difference between CI-AKI incidence following intraarterial and intravenous CM administration. Factors contributing to the development of CI-AKI are considered in conjunction with the mechanism of acute kidney damage. The need for ultimate risk estimation and the prediction of CI-AKI is stressed. Possibilities of CI-AKI prevention is evaluated within the spectrum of existing preventive measures aimed at reducing kidney injury. In particular, the review discusses intravenous hydration regimes and pre-treatment with statins and N-acetylcysteine. The review further focuses on emerging alternative imaging technologies, alternative intravascular diagnostic and interventional procedures, and new methods for intravenous hydration guidance; it discusses the applicability of those techniques in complex procedures and their feasibility in current practise. We put emphasis on contemporary interventional cardiology imaging methods, with a brief discussion of CI-AKI in non-vascular and non-cardiologic imaging and interventional studies.
Vacuum assisted closure for defects of the abdominal wall after intestinal transplantation

Background Isolated intestinal transplantation (IT) is indicated in cases of intestinal failure (IF) in the absence of severe liver dysfunction. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the most frequent IF etiology, and due to the absence or considerable reduction of intestinal loops in the abdominal cavity in these patients, there is atrophy and muscle retraction of the abdominal wall, leading to loss of the abdominal domain and elasticity and preventing the primary closure of the abdominal wall. This study aimed to describe a technique for the closure of the abdominal wall after IT without using prostheses. Methods Four patients underwent IT with the impossibility of primary closure of the abdominal wall. We describe a novel technique, associating a series of vacuum-assisted closure dressings, components separation, and relaxation incisions. Results All patients presented a successful closure of the abdominal wall with the described technique, with no complications related to the abdominal wall. Conclusion The technique proved to be safe, effective, and reproducible as an option for abdominal wall closure after IT. Employing this technique in a greater number of cases is necessary to confirm these results.
Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiation therapy in cancer: A hammer breaking the wall of resistance

Immuno-oncology is an emerging field in the treatment of oncological diseases, that is based on recruitment of the host immune system to attack the tumor. Radiation exposure may help to unlock the potential of the immune activating agents by enhancing the antigen release and presentation, attraction of immunocompetent cells to the inflammation site, and eliminating the tumor cells by phagocytosis, thereby leading to an overall enhancement of the immune response. Numerous preclinical studies in mouse models of glioma, murine melanoma, extracranial cancer, or colorectal cancer have contributed to determination of the optimal radiotherapy fractionation, as well as the radio- and immunotherapy sequencing strategies for maximizing the antitumor activity of the treatment regimen. At the same time, efficacy of combined radio- and immunotherapy has been actively investigated in clinical trials of metastatic melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma. The present review summarizes the current advancements and challenges related to the aforementioned treatment approach.
Anticipating Z-generation tourists’ green hotel visit intention utilizing an extended theory of planned behavior

Due to the effect COVID-19 epidemic, promoting green consumption is now a key marketing strategy in the hospitality and tourism industry. As it is vital green hotels predict their customers’ visit intention, this study attempts to discover the factors affecting Taiwan’s Z-generation tourists’ green hotel visit intention using an extended theory of planned behavior [including personal moral norms (PMN) and environmental concern (EC)]. Data were gathered from 296 Z-generation tourists via an online survey, which was subsequently analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results evidence that Z-generation tourists’ attitude, subjective norms, (SN) and perceived behavioral control positively and significantly influence their green hotel visit intention, with attitude being the most significant factor. Moreover, the mediation model analysis indicates Z-generation tourists’ attitude toward green hotels mediates the relationships between PMN, SN, EC, and visit intention. This study provides new insights into tourists’ green hotel visit intention and emphasizes the importance of attitude in the formation of intention.
Frailty index based on laboratory tests improves prediction of short-and long-term mortality in patients with critical acute myocardial infarction

Background Previous studies have shown that the frailty index based on laboratory tests (FI-Lab) can identify older adults at increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the FI-Lab is associated with mortality risk and can provide incremental improvements in risk stratification of patients with critical acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. A 33-item FI-Lab was constructed. Outcomes of interest were in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between the FI-Lab and outcomes. For the assessment of the incremental predictive value, the FI-Lab was added to several risk stratification scoring systems for critically ill patients, and the following indices were calculated: Δ C-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Results Out of 2,159 patients, 477 died in hospital (22.1%), and 898 died during the 1-year follow-up period. After adjustment for confounders, the FI-Lab was associated with increased in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–1.07] and 1-year mortality (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04–1.06) when assessed as a continuous variable (per 0.01-score increase). When assessed as a categorical variable, the FI-Lab was associated with in-hospital mortality (2nd Quartile: OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.18–3.03; 3rd Quartile: OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 2.20–5.46; and 4th Quartile: OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 3.61–9.28 compared to 1st Quartile) as well as 1-year mortality (2nd Quartile: OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.23–2.24; 3rd Quartile: OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.76–3.26; and 4th Quartile: OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 2.66–5.30 compared to 1st Quartile) after adjustment for confounders. The addition of the FI-Lab to all disease severity scores improved discrimination and significantly reclassified in-hospital and 1-year mortality risk. Conclusion The FI-Lab was a strong predictor of short- and long-term mortality in patients with critical AMI. The FI-Lab improved the ability to predict mortality in patients with critical AMI and therefore might be useful in the clinical decision-making process.
Study-related wellbeing, behavior, and attitudes of university students in the Netherlands during emergency remote teaching in the context of COVID-19: A longitudinal study

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency remote teaching was implemented at all conventional Dutch universities; however, the degree of limitations in on-campus teaching and learning varied during the pandemic dependent on the strictness of the measures. In the present study, it will be investigated how study-related experiences of university students changed in the face of varying limitations in on-campus teaching and learning. Methods The study had a longitudinal natural experiment design with three points of measurement during the academic year 2020–2021: November–December 2020 (t1; campuses partially open), March 2021 (t2; campuses fully closed) and June–July 2021 (t3; campuses partially open). In total, 680 Dutch university students (65.9% female; age: M = 21 years, SD = 2.06) filled in online surveys measuring study-related wellbeing (academic burnout and study-engagement), study-related behavior (study effort), and study-related attitudes (education satisfaction, online self-efficacy, and attitudes toward online education). Results Overall, students reported moderate levels of academic burnout, study engagement, study effort, education satisfaction, and online self-efficacy; their attitudes toward online education were rather negative. Students’ study-related wellbeing and education satisfaction decreased in the period when on-campus teaching and learning was impossible (t2) compared to periods in which on-campus teaching and learning was possible at a low level with several restrictions (t1 and t3). Students’ attitudes toward online education and online self-efficacy slightly increased at the end of the academic year (t3); however, the attitudes toward online education remained negative. Discussion The findings indicate that students’ academic burnout, study engagement, and education satisfaction varied over the course of the academic year in the context of changing limitations in on-campus teaching and learning. To facilitate positive study-related experiences, universities are advised to offer as much on-campus education as possible in times of pandemics.
Bibliometric analysis study on cognitive function in developmental coordination disorder from 2010 to 2022

Objective To identify the research hotspots on cognitive function in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in recent years, predict the research frontier and development trend, and provide more perspectives for the study of the DCD population. Methods Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to draw charts, 1,082 pieces of literature about DCD and cognitive function in the Web of Science core collection database from 2010 to 2022 were visually analyzed. Results and conclusion Interest in the cognitive function of DCD has been on the rise in the past 10 years. Over 40 countries and regions, 117 institutions and 200 researchers have participated in the corresponding research, mainly in the United States, and their institutions have published more highly influential results. The hot keywords are DCD, children, attention, working memory, performance, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the main research hot topics include functional performance, population, cognitive psychology. The research directions include “DCD,” “Asperger syndrome,” “memory,” “infant,” “clumsiness,” “neurodevelopmental disorder,” “occupational therapy,” “preschool children,” “motor competence,” “model,” and “online control. ” Future research should focus on motor imagery and intrinsic models and use more neurophysiological techniques to reveal the cognitive characteristics of children with DCD and develop intervention programs.
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in dairy farms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic bacterium that causes many human and animal infections worldwide. MRSA infections are classified as priority infections owing to their high morbidity and mortality, with a significant risk of zoonotic transmission. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy cattle farms and its heterogeneity. Relevant studies were retrieved from three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The pooled prevalence of MRSA in dairy farms was estimated using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to assess the probable sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were also performed. A total of 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was estimated to be 3.81% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.61–5.20] with significantly high heterogeneity (I2 = 96.6%, p = 0.00). For the subgroup analysis among continents, the prevalence was highest in Asia (4.89%; 95% CI = 2.88–7.35) and lowest in South America (1.33%, 95% CI = 0.00–5.49). As for the year of publication, MRSA prevalence was highest in reports published from 2015 to 2018 (4.36%, 95% CI = 2.41–6.80) and lowest in reports published before 2015 (2.65%, 95% CI = 0.75–5.52). As for sample type, the prevalence of MRSA in cattle milk (3.91%, 95% CI = 2.64–5.39) was higher than that in other sample types (1.19%, 95% CI = 0.05–3.24). These three factors were not significantly associated with the pooled prevalence of MRSA (p > 0.05). Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of MRSA has been minimal and consistent in dairy cattle farms over time.
Safety and efficacy of electrical stimulation for lower-extremity muscle weakness in intensive care unit 2019 Novel Coronavirus patients: A phase I double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Background Intensive care unit (ICU) prolonged immobilization may lead to lower-extremity muscle deconditioning among critically ill patients, particularly more accentuated in those with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. Electrical stimulation (E-Stim) is known to improve musculoskeletal outcomes. This phase I double-blinded randomized controlled trial examined the safety and efficacy of lower-extremity E-Stim to prevent muscle deconditioning. Methods Critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU were randomly assigned to control (CG) or intervention (IG) groups. Both groups received daily E-Stim (1 h) for up to 14 days on both gastrocnemius muscles (GNMs). The device was functional in the IG and non-functional in the CG. Primary outcomes included ankle strength (Ankles) measured by an ankle-dynamometer, and GNM endurance (GNMe) in response to E-Stim assessed with surface electromyography (sEMG). Outcomes were measured at baseline, 3 and 9 days. Results Thirty-two (IG = 16, CG = 16) lower extremities in 16 patients were independently assessed. The mean time between ICU admission and E-Stim therapy delivery was 1.8 ± 1.9 days (p = 0.29). At 3 days, the IG showed an improvement compared to the CG with medium effect sizes for Ankles (p = 0.06, Cohen’s d = 0.77) and GNMe (p = 0.06, d = 0.69). At 9 days, the IG GNMe was significantly higher than the CG (p = 0.04, d = 0.97) with a 6.3% improvement from baseline (p = 0.029). E-Stim did not alter vital signs (i.e., heart/respiratory rate, blood saturation of oxygen), showed no adverse events (i.e., pain, skin damage, discomfort), nor interfere with ICU standard of care procedures (i.e., mechanical ventilation, prone rotation). Conclusion This study supports the safety and efficacy of early E-Stim therapy to potentially prevent deterioration of lower-extremity muscle conditions in critically ill COVID-19 patients recently admitted to the ICU. If confirmed in a larger sample, E-Stim may be used as a practical adjunctive therapy. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT04685213].