Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics ‘Most’ vs ‘More Than Half’: An Alternatives Explanation ‘Most’ vs ‘More Than Half’: An Alternatives Explanation

While ‘most’ and ‘more than half’ are generally assumed to be truth-conditionally equivalent, the former is usually interpreted as conveying greater proportions than the latter. Previous work has attempted to explain this difference in terms of pragmatic strengthening or variation in meanings. In this paper, we propose a novel explanation that keeps the truth-conditions equivalence. We support this explanation with a computational model of usage in the Rational Speech Act framework. We ﬁnd that the difference in typical proportions associated with the two expressions can be ex-plained with previously independently motivated semantic and pragmatic mechanisms.
The Role of Media During COVID-19 Global Outbreak: A Conservation Perspective

The COVID-19 pandemic is fast driving the ways of life and economies. In this study, we used Zimbabwe as a case study to assess how different forms of media are being utilised to access information of the COVID-19 disease (across age, educational level, and employment status). We investigated people’s perceptions of the origins of COVID-19, its implication on the continued consumption of meat from wildlife species by humans, and management strategies of wildlife species that harbour the coronavirus. We gathered 139 responses using an online structured questionnaire survey. Social media platforms were used to acquire information on the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to traditional sources (television, radio, and newspapers). Most respondents thought that the COVID-19 virus was created by humans (n = 55, mostly the young and middle-aged) while others believed that it originated from animals (n = 54, mostly middle-aged with postgraduate qualifications). The majority (73%) of respondents who cited COVID-19 origin as animals also supported a ban on consumption of meat from the species. The middle-aged respondents (in comparison to the young and older respondents) and those who were employed (compared to the unemployed) were more likely to support the ban in wildlife trade. The likelihood of visiting wildlife centres given the consequences of COVID-19 was significantly lower in the old-aged respondents when compared to the young and the middle-aged respondents. Our results emphasize the need for science to penetrate social media circles to provide appropriate information. The observed perceptions about visiting wildlife centres could negatively impact conservation funding.
Measuring behavioral social learning in a conservation context: Chilean fishing communities

In the sustainability and conservation sciences, “social learning” is defined as a group process which depends on trust and social capital and tends to boost conservation outcomes. We term this “collaborative social learning. ” Meanwhile, the behavioral sciences define social learning as the individual use of socially acquired information and seek to explain how individuals employ social learning as part of adaptive behavior. We term this “behavioral social learning. ” However, the influence of behavioral social learning on ecological outcomes is poorly understood. We conducted a study of behavioral social learning among fishers in seven communities in Chile's Region V to probe its connections with ecological outcomes and collaborative social learning. We develop and employ a novel behavioral measure of individual social learning in a simple fishing game in which fishers may pay a portion of their game earnings to observe and learn from other fishers in the game. We explore the internal and external validity of the instrument. The self‐consistency of game play, learning, and participant reflections reveals strong internal validity of the learning game. Additionally, game behavior is correlated with factors such as migration history, and the perceived availability of peers from whom to learn, suggesting the method also holds external validity. We then test whether factors associated with collaborative social learning, such as social capital, are related to social learning behavior as measured by the experiment. Interestingly, many correlates of ‘collaborative social learning’ are not strongly correlated with ‘behavioral social learning’ in our sample. We argue that this disconnect can help improve our understanding of the emergence of community‐based conservation and positive ecological outcomes as well as ‘collaborative social learning’ itself. Finally, we provide guidance on how behavioral measures of social learning could benefit community‐based natural resource management and conservation.
Determination of molybdenum oxidation state on the mechanochemically treated MoO3

The molybdenum oxidation degree in the MoO 3 samples after mechanochemical treatment in various media (air, water, ethanol) has been studied by titration, EPR and XANES methods. It has been shown that molybdenum reduction proceeds in all the media used and its degree is determined by powder loading (rotation speed and time treatment) and medium nature. The XANES spectra demonstrate that MoO 3 reduction leads to Mo 5+ ions formation only. The maximal reduction degree is observed at treatment in ethanol. Existence of charged oxygen species located within Mo 5+ environment was also shown.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Phytogenic Feed Additives

Herbs and plant extracts or natural feed additives used in animal feed, also referred as phytogenics feed additives, are defined as compounds of plant origin incorporated into animal feed in order to enhance performance and productivity by improving digestibility, nutrient absorption and elimination of undesirable gut pathogens (Athanasiadou et al., 2007). Phytogenic feed additives have antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-parasitic, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-helminthic properties due to the presence of phytochemical or bioactive chemicals in plants (Fulton et al., 2002). Due to drug resistance and residual effect issue associated with antibiotics, these natural plant extracts have been screened for their potential uses as alternative medicines for the treatment of many infections and improving animal performance along with safe meat production for human consumption.
Effect of chemical substances on preventing sunburn injury of mandarin

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a promising fruit crop gaining popularity for its human nutrition and economic importance in the world. The qualitative losses during pre- harvest stage hinder the quality production. Recently sunburn is major problem caused due to ‘October heat’, high temperature and direct solar radiation, which leads to significant economic losses in mandarin yield. So, a field experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018 seasons at AICRP on Fruits (Citrus) Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of foliar spray of chemical substances 3% and 5% of Kaolin and MgCO3 with combination of urea 1% and GA3 15 ppm with respective treatments twice in month of September and October on sunburn percentage and fruit quality of mandarin. The obtained results showed that, GA3 15 ppm+ urea 1% and kaolin 5% foliar applications were effective to control fruit sunburn as well as reducing severity percentage of sunburned fruit as compared to untreated trees. Moreover, Kaolin foliar application at two times was decreased leaf and fruit surface temperature especially at the concentration of 3% and 5%. Therefore, it could be recommended that, spraying kaolin at 3% and 5% two times in month of September and October, because it had a positive effect on preventing fruit sunburn damage and improvement marketable yield of mandarin trees.
Emplacement of the Little Minch Sill Complex, Sea of Hebrides Basin, NW Scotland

The Little Minch Sill Complex consists of a series of stacked, multi-leaved Paleocene dolerite sills, which have primarily intruded into Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Paleocene tuffs/? hyaloclastites within the Sea of Hebrides Basin. The Sea of Hebrides Basin is situated to the west of the Scottish mainland on the NE Atlantic margin. Two previously proposed models for the emplacement of the sill complex have opposing ideas for the location of magma input and the emplacement mechanisms. Both models have been constructed using data primarily from onshore outcrops on the Isle of Skye, Raasay and the Shiant Isles. However, these onshore outcrops only represent a quarter (1040 km2) of the entire extent of the sill complex, which is largely located offshore. To understand how the sill complex as a whole was emplaced within the basin, both onshore and offshore magma transport needs to be considered. Using high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data (up to 2 m resolution) obtained between 2008 and 2011, along with supporting seismic reflection, sparker and pinger data, a new assessment of the offshore extent and character of the sill complex has been constructed. Mapping of the large-scale relationships between intrusions and the host rock, along with morphological features such as magma lobes, magma fingers, transgressive wings, en echelon feeder dykes and the axis of saucer-/half-saucer-shaped intrusions, has indicated the magma flow directions within the intrusive network. Assessing the flow kinematics of the sills has provided insights into magma transport and emplacement processes offshore. Combining data from previously mapped onshore sills with data from our newly constructed model for magma emplacement offshore has allowed us to construct a new model for the emplacement of the Little Minch Sill Complex. This model demonstrates that major basin-bounding faults may have a lesser role in channelling magma through sedimentary basins than previously thought. Applying the knowledge obtained from this study could further progress our understanding of the effect of sill emplacement on fluid flow within volcanic rift basins worldwide, with direct impacts on the exploitation of petroleum and geothermal systems.
Quantitative Assessment of Airway Wall Thickening in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Patients According to Cumulative Cigarette Smoking

CPFE: Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema; PFT: Pulmonary Function Test; DLco: Diffusion Capacity of Lung for Carbon Monoxide; BMI: Body Mass Index; FVC: Forced expiratory Vital Capacity; FEV1; Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second; FEF25-75%: Forced Expiratory Flow Between 25-75%; TLC: Total Lung Capacity; Pi10: The square root wall area at the inner perimeter of a 10mm diameter airway; MLA; Mean Lung Attenuation; %LAAI-950: Percentage area with CT Attenuation Values Less than -950 HU at Inspiration; ILA: Inner luminal area of segmental bronchi; AWT: Airway Wall Thickness of segmental bronchi; AI: Airway Inner Parameter; WAF: Wall Area Fraction of segmental bronchi (percentage wall area/total bronchial area).
Learning about ‘inclusive’ pedagogies through a special school placement

ABSTRACT Background It is well-established that traditional approaches to initial teacher education do not adequately prepare physical education (PE) teachers for teaching pupils with disabilities. Consequently, pupils with disabilities participate less frequently and in fewer PE activities than their age peers. School-based placements, which form a cornerstone of the professional socialisation phase of teacher education, can help to prepare prospective and pre-service teachers for the demands of working in educational settings. We should not assume, though, that placing prospective or pre-service PE teachers in a school impacts positively on learning about inclusive pedagogies and, consequently, the educational experiences of pupils with disabilities. Purpose We used a special school placement and created opportunities for students to critically reflect on situated learning experiences to challenge normative perceptions of pedagogy and facilitate their learning about more inclusive approaches to teaching and learning. Specifically, we explore the influence of a special school placement on prospective PE teachers’ learning about inclusive pedagogies. Methodology Twenty-six first year undergraduate students, all of whom aspired to become PE teachers, participated in focus group interviews and were selected because they had attended a placement in a special school. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Findings The findings were underpinned by situated learning theory and suggested, for the first time in research terms, that through a special school placement prospective PE teachers learned about: adapting activities; breaking activities into smaller, more manageable parts; demonstrating activities; pacing the delivery of activities; when to repeat activities; non-verbal communication; and managing disruptive behaviours. We conclude by arguing that this pedagogical learning will contribute to preparing our participants for teacher education programmes and a career teaching PE, given that it aligns with the criteria used to judge the performance of pre- and in-service teachers in England (see Department for Education (DfE). 2011. Teachers’ Standards. London: DfE. https://assets.publishing. service.gov. uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/665520/Teachers__Standards. pdf). Thus, we advocate for such placements to become a more frequent feature of the learning experiences of prospective and pre-service teachers. However, we do question and therefore call for future research that explores the longer-term influence and transferability of what is learned during special school placements.
Chemistry Teacher’s Perception About Their Technology, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK)

Education is currently facing the challenges of 21st-century learning. Moreover, covid-19 pandemic has caused all face-to-face learning activities in schools to be replaced with online learning. This phenomenon requires teachers to understand and have competency in technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK). The aim of this research is to describe the perceptions of TPACK high school chemistry teachers. This research was conducted on 32 chemistry teachers in the province of East Nusa Tenggara using the TPACK questionnaire instrument with seven components. TPACK perception data were analyzed using a descriptive quantitative approach, while the difference in teacher TPACK based on gender and teaching experience was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS.25 because the sample was small. In accordance with the data analysis carried out states that the chemistry teacher's perception of TPACK is in the "good" category in general and the highest average score is in the PK component. The components that have a strong positive correlation are PK, TPK, TCK, and TPCK which have a significant effect on the perception of TPACK for SMA chemistry teachers. Also, based on gender and teaching experience did not have a significant effect on TPACK perception.
Transparent Antenna for Green Communication Feature: A Systematic Review on Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Motivations, Future Directions and Recommendations

Recent years have illustrated the significantly pervasive interest in transparent antennas. The number and the popularity of transparent antenna applications have escalated dramatically. Although antenna applications are diverse and available across multiple platforms, some of these antennas are unsuitable for practical usage, particularly in cases associated with renewable energy. As such, this study presents the review of related articles pertaining to transparent antennas across a range of platforms to identify their best practices. The methods applied in prior research work within this domain were identified. Relevant articles published between 2015 and September 2020 were gathered from four major databases: Science Direct, Web of Science (WOS), IEEE Xplore, and Scopus. The identified indicators were considered as broad and reliable to cover this field of literature. The articles (n=81) were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This paper concentrates on the present views and opportunities to further understand the research segment of transparent antenna.
Comparison of nutritional composition, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of muscle, liver, and shell from Grass Turtle (Chinemys reevesii)

ABSTRACT Nutritional composition, functional and antioxidant properties of different parts from grass turtle were investigated. Muscle contained high protein, essential amino acids, and vitamin B6, which were 74.97%, 28363.84, and 14.47 mg/100 g, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin K were significantly higher in the liver which reached 7489.45 and 1591.67 mg/100 g, respectively. Hardshell high content of minerals and vitamin B3 (48998.06 and 17.52 mg/100 g), correspondingly. The molecular weight was obtained in the range of 0.27–87.38% (Mw˂1000 Da). Solubility, emulsifying activity, and emulsion stability index at different pH ranged from 3.89 to 45.89%, 47.53 to 90.22 m2/g, and 65.45 to 89.93%, respectively. Water and oil holding capacities were high in muscle (7.97 and 2.19 mL/g). The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the muscle (88.58% ABTS) and liver (66.71% DPPH and 0.49 FRAP). Muscle, liver, and hard shell properties will provide producers and consumers with useful new information about the nutritional value and health benefits.
Wide-Stopband Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Filtering Crossovers With Flexibly Allocated Channel Frequencies and Bandwidths

Substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering crossovers featuring wide-stopband characteristics and flexibly allocated center frequencies (CFs) and bandwidths (BWs) for two intersecting channels are presented and studied. The development is devised upon a scheme of an over-mode dual-mode substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) coupled with multiple single-mode cavities. First, by exploiting the orthogonal TE102 and TE201 modes in the dual-mode SIRC, cross transmission and acceptable isolation can be obtained and implemented for the dual channels. Furthermore, by controlling the resonant frequencies and mutual couplings of the coupled cavities accordingly, especially the over-mode dual-mode SIRC, both the CFs and BWs of the two channels can be allocated flexibly. In addition, by incorporating three kinds of intrinsic spurious-mode suppression techniques, namely, the harmonic staggered technique, centered coupling windows, and offset centered feeding ports, wide-stopband characteristics can be achieved intrinsically and uniquely. Four practical design examples, including fifth-order direct-coupled and fifth-order cross-coupled SIW filtering crossovers with identical channel CFs and BWs, a third-order crossover with the same channel CFs but different channel BWs and another third-order case with different channel CFs but the same channel BWs are synthesized, designed, fabricated, and tested to demonstrate and validate the proposed collaborative design concepts.
Liquid Phase Hot Atom Chemistry: At Crossroads

The state of current research in liquid phase hot atom chemistry is discussed. Four classes of experimental approaches are highlighted. These include 1) primary physical data for (η, γ)-activated 1 2 Ί , (I. T.)-activated 1 3 0 I and effects on chemical reactivity; 2) the density-variation technique involving iodine reactions with saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons; 3) stereochemistry experiments on chlorocarbon molecules with single and multiple chiral centers; and 4) experiments employing dilute aqueous solutions of halogenerated biomolecules in the ice state, exposed to neutron irradiation.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Prevalence of bla and qnr Genes in Salmonella Enterica Isolated from Slaughtered Pork

Background: Salmonella enterica is known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. While salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections may require antimicrobial therapy. However, increasing resistance of Salmonella to antimicrobials, particularly fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, is of utmost concern. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica isolated from pork, the major contributor in Philippine livestock production.Results: Our results show that 61.2% of the isolates carried antimicrobial resistance genes qnrS and blaTEM. While qnrA (12.9%) and qnrB (39.3%) were found less frequently, co-carriage of blaTEM and one to three qnr subtypes was observed in 45.5% of the isolates. Co-carriage of blaTEM and blaCTX-M was also observed in 3.9% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that majority of the isolates were non-susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant.Conclusions: High prevalence rates of S. enterica carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), specifically the presence of isolates co-carrying resistance to both ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones, raise a concern on antimicrobial use in the Philippine hog industry and on possible transmission of ARG to other bacteria.
Plant morphological traits and competition index comparisons of three invasive and native submerged plants

The submerged species Carolina fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) has attracted considerable attention in Lake Taihu Basin (LTB), China. This species was widely used as a garden plant until 2016, when it was identified as invasive. In this study, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to compare the morphological traits, includingtotal dry mass, shoot/root (S/R) ratio, relative growth rate (RGR) and competition index log response ratio (ln RR), of C. caroliniana and two frequently co-occurring native submerged plants, water thyme (Hydrilla verticillata) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). The results demonstrated that C. caroliniana did not show more advantageous traits (higher total dry mass, S/R ratio and RGR) or have a lower ln RR than H. verticillata or M. spicatum. We provide a counterexample to commonly accepted thought in which the successful invasion of invasive species may not be explained by outcompeting native plants. Other biotic or abiotic factors that determine the successful invasion of C. caroliniana must be studied further.
Gamification in Science Education. A Systematic Review of the Literature

The implementation of gamification in education has attracted many researchers to increase engagement and achieve learning more effectively. Implementing technology in science curricula has seen a massive influx over the past years to stop the decline in students’ motivation towards science learning and promote scientific thinking. This study’s objective is to present the empirical findings of the state-of-the-art literature on the use of gamification in science education. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of 24 empirical research papers published in various electronic databases and the web search engine for scholarly literature and academic resources, Google Scholar, between 2012 and 2020. This review reveals the latest emerging trends of gamification in science education while revealing the literature gap, challenges, impediments, and extending the possibilities for future research directions. It examines the conflicting findings of other studies and provides a framework and insight for future researchers regarding content areas, educational levels, theoretical models, outcomes, methodologies, game elements, and assessment tools.