Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fall Injury and Socio-Demographic Characteristics among House Hold in Ethiopia

Background: Fall injuries are a public health problem throughout the world including Africa. Studies inEthiopia are health facility-based and do not reflect the communities. Therefore, the aim of this study is toassess association between fall injury and socio-demographic characteristics among house hold in Ethiopia.Methods: The study was based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. Thesurvey collected information about injuries in the past 12 months among 16,650 households. Householdswere selected using stratified cluster sampling procedure. Data were collected using a standard interviewquestionnaire from January 18, 2016 to June 27, 2016. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressionanalyses were used to characterize the data and to identify the factors associated with fall injuries, respectively.Result: A total of 16,650 (98%) heads of household participated in the study with 152 reported at least onehousehold member injured from a fall in the past 12 months. Among household members who were involvedin a fall, 95.4% survived and 5.6% died. Selected socio-demographic characteristics: Household head sex[OR: 1.53, 95% CI (1.05-2.15)], age [OR: 2.4, 95% CI (1.28-4.63)], marital status [OR: 8.14, 95% CI (1.05-63.15)]; family size [OR: 1.93, 95% CI (1.27-2.93)], owns land usable for agriculture [OR: 1.60, 95% CI(1.14-2.27)], owns livestock herds [OR: 1.46, 95% CI (1.02- 2.08)] and household wealth index [OR: 1.77,95% CI (1.11-1.95)] were variables statistically significant with the fall injury.Conclusion: Household head characteristics including family size, agriculture-asset and wealth index werevariables statistically significant with the fall injury. Injury prevention efforts should focus on falls withspecial attention among farmer households and low economic status.
Development of HIV drug resistance in a cohort of adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Tanzania during the stavudine era

As more HIV patients start combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is inevitable. This will have consequences for the transmission of HIVDR, the success of ART, and the nature and trend of the epidemic. We recruited a cohort of 223 patients starting or continuing their first-line cART in Tanzania during the stavudine era in 2010. Patients were then followed up for one year. From those with a viral load test at baseline and follow-up time, 34% were failing virologically at the one-year endpoint. From 41 patients, protease and reverse transcriptase genotyping were successful. Eighteen samples were from therapy-naïve patients and 23 samples were taken under therapy either baseline for patients already under cART at study entry, or follow-up sample. The isolates were mostly subtype A, followed by C and D at 41.5%, 22% and 12.2% of the patients, respectively. No transmitted HIVDR was detected, as scored using the surveillance drug resistance mutations (DRMs) list. However, in 3 of the 18 samples from therapy-naïve patients, the clinical Rega interpretation algorithm scored 44D or 138A as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-associated polymorphisms. The most observed nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutation was 184V. The mutation was found in 16 patients causing resistance to lamivudine and emtricitabine. Nineteen patients had NNRTI resistance mutations, the most common of which was 103N observed in 8 patients. These high levels of resistance calls for regular drug resistance surveillance in Tanzania to control the emergence and transmission of HIVDR.
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MODELS: COMPETENCE, COMPENSATION AND MOTIVATION (HUMAN RESOURCES LITERATURE REVIEW STUDY)

In a company, employees are one of the most important elements in achieving company goals. The performance of an employee is certainly influenced by several factors that a manager needs to know. Managers must know the strengths and weaknesses of each manager in order to maximize potential and minimize employee shortages. The factors that influence an employee's performance are motivation, compensation and competence. Motivation is needed by an individual because basically humans need encouragement or inducement in order to work better. Motivation is given as a way to improve employee performance to carry out their responsibilities. The different competencies of each employee are also a factor in the good and bad performance of an employee. The competence of each employee must be improved in order to achieve company goals. Compensation also affects an employee's performance. Compensation can be in the form of money or other facilities. Compensation is given as remuneration by the company to employees who have carried out their duties and responsibilities.
Health Determinants of Life Satisfaction Among Elderly Persons: A multivariate Analysis

Purpose: Level of satisfaction is significantly influenced by health-related factors across human life course. Multidimensions of health and other factors such as religion and culture influence life satisfaction that differ across different societies. Prior research shows that there are variations in the relationship between health factors and life-satisfaction between Western and Asian countries. Nevertheless, it is still unknown to what extend health factors are related to life satisfaction in Brunei Darussalam—a country with small population but increasing in proportion of elderly population. This study aimed to explore health determinants of life satisfaction among elderly population in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: A cross-sectional study on a sample of 645 adults aged above 50 years, recruited nationally. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis were applied. Results: A robust model (R2=49.3%, alpha>0.7) suggested that life satisfaction in this population could largely be explained by musculoskeletal pain, difficulty to perform daily activities, psychological and emotional issues, and family support. Gender has significant moderating effects on this relationship. Conclusion: Impacts of life satisfaction from health, social, cultural, and related perspectives were discussed. These findings in this research may contribute to ongoing multi-sectorial efforts to design a comprehensive model of elderly care to achieve high quality of life.
The plasma Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) does not have any correlation with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

We performed this study to measure the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) plasma level and to survey its correlation with disease activity in the newly diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients and those who were under treatment with the combination of Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) plus Prednisolone (PSL). We enrolled 30 newly diagnosed RA patients who received no treatment regarding their disease, 30 patients under treatment with the combination of Methotrexate (MTX) + Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) + PSL and 30 healthy subjects in this case-control study from September 2017 to December 2017. The level of plasma TNF-α was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in each group. For assessment of disease severity, we used Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) formula, and regarding DAS-28, we divided patients into four groups, including remission, low, moderate and high disease activity. There were no significant differences in the plasma level of TNF-α between the newly diagnosed RA patients and subjects who received MTX + HCQ + PSL, as well as healthy controls (p>0.05). There was a significant correlation between plasma levels of TNF-α and DAS-28 in the newly diagnosed patients with RA (r = 0.594, P = 0.001). Targeting TNF-α at the early stage of RA could have more beneficial effects on the amelioration of disease activity.
Vibration Reduction Ability of Polymers, Particularly Polymethylmethacrylate and Polytetrafluoroethylene

The vibration reduction ability of thermoplastics (PMMA, PTFE, PA-66 and acetal) and of a thermoset (epoxy) was compared by dynamic flexural testing at ≤ 1.0 Hz. Among these polymers, PMMA exhibited the highest loss modulus, while PTFE exhibited the highest loss tangent. A synthetic rubber had an exceptionally low loss modulus, but an exceptionally high loss tangent. Epoxy and acetal exhibited the lowest loss tangent.
GRANULOMETRIC STUDIES TO INTERPRET THE ORIGIN OF THE SEDIMENT TRAPPED WITHIN A POCKET ALONG THE PRAVARA RIVER BASIN, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Sediment populations may have characteristics associated with multiple sources. Grain size parameters will therefore reflect spatial as well as temporal variations in transport mechanism and flow direction along with the nature and energy flux of the transporting agents. Herein, the author has investigated a small watershed area along Mahalungi River in Maharashtra, India. Samples were collected from the surface and from litho-facies at various depths and were subjected to granulometric analysis. The sediment sizes were separated principally on the basis of their intermediate axial diameter and shape using microscope, sedigraph and pipette method appropriately. Bivariate relationships from textural parameters were obtained and Visher’s log-probability plots were constructed. Incorporation of all results of the analyses and a careful inspection of the geomorphic settings of the area lead us to the conclusion that the present deposits are part of the alluvial deposits of Pravara and haven’t descended from the footslope to form colluvial deposits. The fact that the silt population is found right at the footslope indicates that during the floods, flood waters must have entered and hit the amphitheater. As the flood water receded, the narrow outlet did not allow free retraction of the flow but created an eddy effect every time and gave a temporary ponding effect within the amphitheater.
Structural characterisation of rare earth rich glasses for nuclear waste immobilisation

Local environments of rare earth ions are studied in a rare earth rich glass (Glass A wt%: 51.0SiO 2 -8.5B 2 O 3 -12.2Na 2 O-4.3Al 2 O 3 -4.8CaO-3.2ZrO 2 -16.0RE 2 O 3 with RE=Nd or La) developed for radioactive waste immobilisation. The aim is to determine the structural environment of rare earths in this glass according to their concentrations, and to study the influence of the peralkaline or peraluminous character of the glass on these environments. To achieve this objective, two series of glasses were prepared from Glass A. The first one contains variable amounts of rare earth oxide (from 0 to 30 wt% RE 2 O 3 ) and the second one is a series of peralkaline (R>50%) and peraluminous (R<50%) glasses, with R=([Na 2 O]+[CaO])/([Na 2 O]+[CaO] +[Al 2 O 3 ]) at fixed RE 2 O 3 contents (16 wt%). The coupling of characterisation methods such as EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure) spectroscopy at the neodymium L I I I -edge, optical absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and 1 1 B, 2 9 Si and 2 7 Al MAS-NMR, enables discussion of several hypotheses concerning both the nature of rare earth neighbourhoods and the glassy network structure.
Prosociality, religiosity and values in adolescence: comparing the impact of religious and general schooling in Turkey

ABSTRACT So far, there is no consensus in psychology research with regard to the relationship between religiosity and prosocial behaviour. However, this relationship is quite important for understanding the dynamics underlying prosociality in adolescence. In the present study, 1,170 Turkish adolescents (aged 12–17) from both religious and general schools were compared in terms of their prosociality (empathy, altruism and kindness), values and religiosity. The results indicated a positive relationship between religiosity and prosociality; however, there was no significant difference between the types of schools in terms of prosocial characteristics. Additionally, as hypothesised, intrinsic religiosity was positively correlated with self-transcendence and conservatism and negatively correlated with self-enhancement and openness to change. These findings suggest that religious schooling does not lead to greater prosocial behaviour, although religiosity was associated with prosociality in adolescence.
Effect of Positive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen on The Risk of Synchronous Liver Metastasis: A Retrospective Study of 868 Consecutive Patients of Newly Diagnosed Gastric Cancer

Background. The study aimed to explore the influence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the risk of synchronous gastric cancer liver metastasis (synGCLM). Methods. This was a retrospective study which enrolled 868 patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer (GC). The study compared the prevalence of synGCLM between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive (HBsAg+) and -negative (HBsAg-) patients. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the risk factors for synGCLM. Among patients with and without synGCLM, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), liver fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status were further analyzed. Results. The prevalence of synGCLM in the HBsAg+ patients was higher than that in the HBsAg- patients, which was statistically significant (P = 0.025). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HBsAg, the elevated level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were risk factors for synGCLM. Among the HBsAg+ patients, both ARPI and FIB-4 were significantly higher in the patients with synGCLM (synGCLM+) than those without synGCLM (synGCLM-) (ARPI: P = 0.045; FIB-4: P = 0.047); HBeAg positivity was detected in 20.0% of synGCLM+ patients compared to 6.0% of synGCLM- patients, but the difference was of no significance (P = 0.190). Conclusions. HBV infection significantly increases the risk of synGCLM, and elevated ARPI and FIB-4 may be pro-metastatic especially among the HBsAg+ GC patients.
Modeling the Spatiotemporal Epidemic Spreading of COVID-19 and the Impact of Mobility and Social Distancing Interventions

On 31 December, 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that causes the COVID-19 disease, was first reported in Hubei, mainland China This epidemics' health threat is probably one of the biggest challenges faced by our interconnected modern societies According to the epidemiological reports, the large basic reproduction number R-0 similar to 3 0, together with a huge fraction of asymptomatic infections, paved the way for a major crisis of the national health capacity systems Here, we develop an age-stratified mobility-based metapopulation model that encapsulates the main particularities of the spreading of COVID-19 regarding (i) its transmission among individuals, (ii) the specificities of certain demographic groups with respect to the impact of COVID-19, and (iii) the human mobility patterns inside and among regions The full dynamics of the epidemic is formalized in terms of a microscopic Markov chain approach that incorporates the former elements and the possibility of implementing containment measures based on social distancing and confinement With this model, we study the evolution of the effective reproduction number R(t), the key epidemiological parameter to track the evolution of the transmissibility and the effects of containment measures, as it quantifies the number of secondary infections generated by an infected individual The suppression of the epidemic is directly related to this value and is attained when R < 1 We find an analytical expression connecting R with nonpharmacological interventions, and its phase diagram is presented We apply this model at the municipality level in Spain, successfully forecasting the observed incidence and the number of fatalities in the country at each of its regions The expression for R should assist policymakers to evaluate the epidemics' response to actions, such as enforcing or relaxing confinement and social distancing
Policy Uncertainty, Bad News Disclosure, and Stock Price Crash Risk

This paper documents that policy uncertainty reduces future stock price crash risk. Our tests show that this negative relation is more pronounced among firms with more short-sale constraints, with no actively traded credit default swap contracts, or with higher firm-level political risks. The results from regressions adopting the instrumental variable approach and from a quasi-natural experiment suggest that the negative relation observed between policy uncertainty and stock price crash risk is unlikely to be driven by potential endogeneity. Additional tests show that this negative association is driven by firms’ decreased hoarding of bad news during periods of high policy uncertainty.
Single image haze removal using variable fog-weight

In this paper, a new Image Haze Removal technique is proposed using variable fog-weight. The objective of the proposed technique is to improve the visibility, to remove the impact of weather factors and make image more usable. To achieve this, it is required to estimate the transmission map as well as atmospheric light by using Dark Channel Prior. The main contribution in this work, is to vary the fog-weight during transmission estimation. It is varied according to the density of haze in the input image. If the density of the haze in the input image is low, then lower fog-weight value will be applied and if the haze density in the input image is higher, than higher fog-weight value will be applied, according to the haze concentration. A guided filter is used as a refiner of transmission map to avoid the halo artifacts at the boundary of the edge. It provides smoothness to the image and build-up the visibility of the image, so that we restore a superior haze free image. At last, the performance of the proposed method is compared with some of the existing methods in terms of visibility, computational time and avoidance of halo effect.
The validation of an L2 English listening self-efficacy instrument using Rasch analysis

This paper details the development and validation of a listening self-efficacy instrument for EFL/ESL learners with beginner- to-intermediate-level English language proficiency. Self-efficacy, or the belief in one's ability to perform a task successfully, is believed to determine how likely individuals will be to cope with difficulties relating to the task domain (e.g., listening, speaking, reading, or writing), and to sustain their effort in spite of obstacles (Bandura, 1997). To date, few instruments have been developed to evaluate English L2 listening self-efficacy. The instrument presented here was distributed among a sample of first- and second-year Japanese university students (N = 121), and, unlike most previously developed questionnaires, was validated through the use of Rasch analysis. The results of the administration of the questionnaire showed that learners' responses differed predictably and considerably, thereby suggesting the utility of the instrument for future use by EFL/ESL practitioners.
Evaluation for the flowers of compositae plants as whitening cosmetics functionality

18 flowers of Compositae family were collected and extracted in aqueous methanol (MeOH). The concentrated extract was partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-BuOH, and water fractions. The extract and fractions were evaluated for total phenolics, total flavonoids, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. n-Hexane and EtOAc fractions of Aster yomena, nhexane fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus White, n-hexane and EtOAc fractions of C. bipinnatus Pink showed high total phenolics. And EtOAc fractions of A. yomena, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Red, C. morifolium Froggy, and C. morifolium Himaya exhibited high total flavonoids. EtOAc fractions of A. yomena, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Pink, C. morifolium Yellowmable, and MeOH extract of C. morifolium Rosa significantly scavenged DPPH radical. EtOAc fractions of C. chinensis, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Red, C. morifolium Himaya, and C. morifolium Hongsim highly inhibited the tyrosinase activity. A. yomena, C. bipinnatus White, C. bipinnatus Pink, C. bipinnatus Red and C. morifolium Himaya are evaluated as good source for whitening cosmetics materials.
Controllable enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction between indoles and alkylidene malonates catalyzed by pseudo-C-3-symmetric trisoxazoline copper(II) complexes

Pseudo-C-3-symmetric trisoxazoline copper(II) complexes prove to be excellent catalysts in the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with alkylidene malonates. The absolute stereochemistry of this reaction is shown to be dependent on the solvent. Reactions in isobutyl alcohol afford the Friedel-Crafts alkylation adducts in excellent yields and with up to +98% ee. In 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TTCE), however, the opposite enantiomers of the products are obtained in good yields with up to -89% ee. Water tolerance of chiral catalyst trisoxazoline 2a/Cu(OTf)(2) is examined, and it is found that the addition of up to 200 equiv of water relative to catalyst in isobutyl alcohol has almost no effect on enantioselectivity but slows down the reaction. The reaction scope is studied as well. The roles of alcohol as the solvent to accelerate the reaction are discussed. The stereochemical models of asymmetric induction for reactions both in isobutyl alcohol and in TTCE are also developed.
Determinan Keputusan Pembelian Online di Instagram: Perspektif Promosi, Kemudahan, Kualitas Informasi dan Kepercayaan

Sejarah Artikel: Diterima : 2020 Diperbaiki : 2020 Disetujui : 2020 This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of promotional activities, trust, convenience and quality of information as the main determinant of online purchasing decision making through Instagram in general without regard to who did it. The sample of this research is consumers who make online purchases through Instagram. By using the online survey method the response rate of instragram users was 201 respondents. Testing research hypotheses using multiple regression analysis techniques. The results show that purchasing decisions on Instagram are caused more by a high level of trust, the convenience provided by online media and the information conveyed by highly qualified sellers. Information quality provides the dominant contribution in purchasing decision making through Instagram. An interesting finding is that promotion is not a determinant in purchasing decision making although it is highly perceived by respondents. Respondents hope that the most important aspects of promotion will be done more and more often.