Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population structure and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism and sex ratios in an insular population of Florida box turtles (Terrapene carolina bauri)

Hypotheses in the chelonian literature suggest that in species with sexual size dimorphism, the smaller sex will mature at a smaller size and a younger age than the larger sex, sex ratios should be biased in favor of the earlier maturing sex, and deviations from a 1:1 sex ratio result from maturation of the smaller sex at a younger age. I tested these hypotheses using data collected from 1991 to 1995 on an insular (Egmont Key) population of Florida box turtles, Terrapene Carolina bauri. Contrary to predictions, the earlier maturing sex (males) grew to larger sizes than the late maturing sex. Males were significantly larger than females in mean carapace length but not mean body mass. Sex ratios were not balanced, favoring the earlier maturing sex (1.6 males: 1 female), but the sex-ratio imbalance did not result from faster maturation of the smaller sex. The imbalance in the sex ratio in Egmont Key's box turtles is not the result of sampling biases; it may result from nest placement. Size-class structure an.
Sihler’s stain visualization of myelinated cardiac plexus fiber attenuation in the AV node and the mitral valve as a result of heart failure

A whole organ staining of myelinated cardiac plexus nerve fibers was conducted to visualize the cardiac innervation pathways in relation to heart failure. This visualization could better inform treatment for heart failure and contributory conditions, including arrhythmia, valve disease, and coronary artery disease. Two pathology-free human cadaveric heart specimens and one acute heart failure human cadaveric heart specimen were acquired as opportunity samples. One pathologyfree specimen was sectioned into three transverse slabs prior to staining, while the remaining pathology free specimen and the acute heart failure specimen were stained whole. Sihler’s stain rendered the myocardium semi-translucent red-pink to purple, while the myelinated cardiac plexus fibers were stained a deep violet. Definitive nerve density was found in three major locations: along the coronary vessels, at the mitral valve, and in the ascending aorta, including the aortic valve. The Sihler’s nonspecific staining of myelin indicates the presence of sympathetic and/or parasympathetic fibers. The pathology-free and diseased specimens were compared to determine what effect heart failure had on innervation patterns. Notable differences were found in the left anterior descending coronary artery, the atrioventricular (AV) node, the left ventricle, the mitral valve, and the pulmonary trunk. The diseased heart showed attenuated nerve staining in both the AV node and mitral valve, supporting the relationship between parasympathetic withdrawal and heart failure. *Correspondence to: Jonathan J Wisco, Associate Professor, Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Laboratory for Translational Anatomy of Degenerative Diseases and Developmental Disorders (TAD4), 72 E Concord St, L-1004, Boston, MA 02118, Tel: 617-358-2002, 310746-6647; E-Mail: jjwisco@bu.edu
Intervertebral Disk Degeneration in Rabbits: Histomorphometric and Histomorphological Effects of Aloe Vera Gel

Study Design: This is an experimental study using an animal model. Objectives: Disk degeneration is a common cause of low back pain. However, few attempts have been made to proffer a medical solution. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aloe vera gel (AVG) on the histomorphometric changes in the intervertebral disk of annular-punctured rabbits. Methods: A total of 25 rabbits weighing 1.0 to 3.5 kg were used for this study; 20 rabbits were subjected to annular puncture of the L3/L4, L4/L5, and L5/L6 disks using an 18G needle. Five rabbits were randomly assigned to 5 groups (A, B, C, D, and E) of 5 animals per group. Group A was not punctured. Group B was punctured. Groups C, D, and E were punctured and given 600 400, and 200 (mg/kg) of AVG orally, respectively. The disk histology and nucleus pulposus cell count were done 6 weeks after the puncture procedure. Results: The results revealed a gradual reversal of degenerative changes in the treated groups compared with the nontreated groups (P < .05). The observed changes in the organization of the elastic and collagen content, increase in fibrochondrocyte-like cells of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus (P = .0027), and the degree of degeneration of the disk (P = .0001) in the treated groups compared with the nontreated groups were statistically significant. Conclusion: Administration of AVG halted and reversed disk degeneration in an annular puncture–induced disk degeneration rabbit model.
First Record of the Genus Oreolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Vietnam with Description of a New Species

The genus Oreolalax is reported from Vietnam for the first time and a new species is described based on morphological differences, molecular divergence, and phylogenetic placement. Morphologically, the new species is distinguishable from its congeners on the basis of a combination of the following diagnostic characters: size small; tympanum hidden; toes with webbing at base; dorsum with distinct, round, spiny warts; flanks with white, spiny spots; belly and lower surface of limbs smooth, with dark marbling; interorbital region without dark triangular pattern; upper surface of thigh with dark bars; male with black spines present on margin of lower lip, spinal patches on chest small with fine spines, nuptial spines on fingers small, and without vocal sacs. In phylogenetic analyses, the new species is unambiguously nested within the genus Oreolalax.
Esthetic evaluation of early rhinoplasty with complete unilateral cleft lip repair after nasoalveolar molding

Background: The aesthetic outcome of primary rhinoplasty with complete unilateral cleft lip repair is a challenging due to nasal deformities, tissue deficiencies and alveolar ridge displacement. The aim of this study is aesthetic evaluation of primary rhinoplasty with complete unilateral cleft lip repair after nasoalveolar molding (NAM). Patient and methods: The study was applied on 30 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip, mean age at presentation was 89.17± 73.02 days (range 15-260 days). Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) was done for all patients with mean duration of molding 78.48± 5.635 days (range 66-87 days). Measurements of nose and alveolar defect were taken by caliper before application of the device and after application of the device and after one month of operation and compared with each other’s. All patients were subjected to lip repair with Millard technique with primary closed rhinoplasty. Primary rhinoplasty with cleft lip repair becomes easier since NAM diminishes the tension over the soft tissues and reduces severity of deformity in the lower lateral alar cartilages. Postoperative nasal stent has a great role in improve the esthetic outcome of primary rhinoplasty. Results: There were significant improvement of nasal symmetry and reduction of alveolar gap width (AGW) after use of NAM. Conclusion: This study suggests that PNAM within 15 days post-delivery is effective at reducing alveolar gap width, alignment of cleft alveolar segments and improvement of nasal symmetry as long as the parents cooperate in placing and maintaining the NAM device in the newborn’s mouth and nose.
Effect of partially replacing fish meal with honey locust seed (Gleditsia triacanthos) on growth, feed utilisation and body composition of mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio, fingerlings

Honey locust seed (HLS) (Gleditsia triacanthos) was evaluated as a partial replacement for fish meal (FM) in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings diets formulated to contain 38% crude protein, 13% lipid and 19.9 MJ/kg gross energy. An 60-day feeding trial was conducted in a recirculation system aquarium. HLS was included in the diets at different levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g raw and 100, 200, 300 and 400 g heat-treated for diets Control, Rw1, Rw2, Rw3, Rw4 Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Ht4, respectively) and FM was replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of HLS (raw and heat-treated). The fish were handfed daily at of 3% of their body weight during the experiment. Diet had a significant effect on the growth performance. Heat treatment increased the inclusion level of HLS. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among fish fed diets Control, Rw1, Rw2, HT1, HT2 and HT3 in terms of growth performance. Fish fed diets containing higher levels (>30%) of raw HLS seed had significantly lower whole body fat content. Raw and heat-treated HLS has potential as an alternative feed ingredient. These results show that up to 20% Raw HLS can be used to replace 10% of FM in diets for mirror carp. However, HLS should be heat-treated if inclusion rates are to exceed 20% of the diet.
Synthesis of folic acid functionalized terbium‐doped dendritic fibrous nano‐silica and Interaction with HEK 293 normal, MDA breast cancer and HT 29 colon cancer cells

A novel folic acid functionalized terbium‐doped dendritic fibrous nanoparticle (Tb@KCC‐1‐NH2‐FA) with high surface area was synthesized using a novel hydrothermal protocol. In the present work, we report the fluorescent Tb‐doted nanomaterial with emission wavelength at 497 nm which confirms the formation of Tb@KCC‐1‐NH2‐FA. Synthesized nanoparticles were investigated through transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, energy dispersive X‐ray, Zeta potential and particle size distribution values and AFM (Atomic force microscopy) techniques. Specially, our desired nanomaterial which has FA moieties on the surface of Tb@KCC‐1‐NH2‐FA where interact with folate receptor (FR) which there is on the surface of the various cancer cells. For this purpose, fluorescence microscopy images were used to prove the uptake of FA based nanomaterial with FR‐positive MDA breast cancer and HT 29 colon cancer cells. Also HEK 293 normal cells as FR‐negative cells verified the specificity of our desired nanomaterial toward the FR‐positive cells. The cytotoxicity survey of Tb@KCC‐1‐NH2‐FA was examined by MTT assays against MDA breast cancer, HT 29 colon cancer and HEK 293 Normal cell lines which confirmed their biocompatible nature with any significant cytotoxic effects even for concentration higher than 900 μg/mL which could be used as a non‐toxic catalyst or carrier in biological ambient. Hence, Tb@KCC‐1‐NH2‐FA were synthesized using green and hydrothermal method; the process was simple with good productivity and desired nanocomposite was non‐toxic.
Molecular analysis of Methanobacterium phage ΨM2

The methanogenic archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg is infected by the double‐stranded DNA phage ΨM2. The complete phage genome sequence of 26 111 bp was established. Thirty‐one open reading frames (orfs), all of them organized in the same direction of transcription, were identified. On the basis of comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences to known proteins and by searching for conserved motifs, putative functions were assigned to the products of six orfs. These included three proteins involved in packaging DNA into the capsid, two putative phage structural proteins and a protein related to the Int family of site‐specific recombinases. Analysis of the N‐terminal amino acid sequences of three phage‐encoded proteins led to the identification of two genes encoding structural proteins and of peiP, the structural gene of pseudomurein endoisopeptidase. This enzyme is involved in the lysis of host cells, and it appears to belong to a novel enzyme family. peiP was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and its product was shown to catalyse the in vitro lysis of M. thermoautotrophicum cells. Comparison of the phage ΨM2 DNA sequence with parts of the sequence of the wild‐type phage ΨM1 suggests that ΨM2 is a deletion derivative, which formed by homologous recombination between two copies of a direct repeat.
Watermarking scheme using local binary pattern for image authentication and tamper detection through dual image

Watermarking scheme is an efficient solution to protect the multimedia document from unauthorized modification. Several watermarking scheme have been developed but authentication and tamper detection is still an important research issue. In this paper, a dual image‐based watermarking scheme has been developed using local binary pattern (LBP) to protect the multimedia document from illegal modification. The suggested method includes the following procedure: During watermark encoding the host image is partitioned into (3 × 3) nonoverlapping blocks. Then generate system vector (s) using LBP and perform XOR with secret watermark bits. Two bits authentication code is generated from S vector and embed within dual image depending in a shared secret key (δ). At the receiver end, the embedded watermark, authentication code, and original cover image can be successfully recovered from dual watermarked image. After that authentication process has been carried out by comparing extracted authentication code and the regenerated authentication code. The experimental results are compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods to show the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. It is observed that the proposed scheme is secure and robust against different standard attacks meanwhile it can detect message integrity within the watermarked object.
Speculations on the representation of architecture in virtual reality: How can we (continue to) simulate the unseen?

: This paper discusses the present and future possibilities of representation models of architecture in new media such as virtual reality, seen in the broader context of tradition, perception, and neurology. Through comparative studies of real and virtual scenarios using eye tracking, the paper discusses if the constantly evolving toolset for architectural representation has in itself changed the core values of architecture, or if it is rather the level of skilful application of technology that can inflict on architecture and its quality. It is easy to contemplate virtual reality as an extension to the visual field of perception. However, this should not necessarily imply an acceptance of the dominance of vision over the other senses, and the much-criticized retinal architecture with its inherent loss of plasticity. Recent neurology studies indicate that 3D representation models in virtual reality are less demanding on the brain’s working memory than 3D models seen on flat two-dimensional screens. This paper suggests that virtual reality representational architectural models can, if used correctly, significantly improve the imaginative role of architectural representation.
Quality of life among siblings of patients with chronic conditions.

INTRODUCTION Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a measure of health outcomes. It assesses the subjective and overall impact of diseases on daily life. It also provides multidimensional data about physical wellbeing, family and peers relations. HRQoL studies on siblings are limited. OBJECTIVE To compare HRQoL among siblings of pediatric patients with chronic rheumatic diseases, kidney or liver transplant and healthy children whose siblings had no chronic conditions. RESULTS The siblings of children with kidney transplant (n: 65), liver transplant (n: 35), and chronic rheumatic diseases (n: 36) were compared to the healthy children group (n: 51). The total siblings group had a lower, statistically significant score in the physical well-being, social support and peers, and financial resources dimensions. The siblings of kidney transplant patients had a low score in the physical wellbeing (p < 0.02; effect size [ES]: 0.66) andfinancial resources (p < 0.01; ES: 0.66) dimensions. The siblings of liver transplant patients perceived a lower physical well-being (p = 0.04), less social support and peers (p < 0.01), and difficulties in relation to school environment (p < 0.02) and financial resources (p <0.01). The siblings of those with chronic rheumatic diseases had a lower score in the physical well-being (p < 0.05; ES: 0.44) and social support and peers (p <0.01; ES: 0.58) dimensions. CONCLUSION HRQoL among healthy children whose siblings have a chronic disease was lower in the physical well-being, social support and peers, and financial resources dimensions compared to the healthy children group.
A large‐scale genomic association analysis identifies the candidate causal genes conferring stripe rust resistance under multiple field environments

Summary The incorporation of resistance genes into wheat commercial varieties is the ideal strategy to combat stripe or yellow rust (YR). In a search for novel resistance genes, we performed a large‐scale genomic association analysis with high‐density 660K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to determine the genetic components of YR resistance in 411 spring wheat lines. Following quality control, 371 972 SNPs were screened, covering over 50% of the high‐confidence annotated gene space. Nineteen stable genomic regions harbouring 292 significant SNPs were associated with adult‐plant YR resistance across nine environments. Of these, 14 SNPs were localized in the proximity of known loci widely used in breeding. Obvious candidate SNP variants were identified in certain confidence intervals, such as the cloned gene Yr18 and the major locus on chromosome 2BL, despite a large extent of linkage disequilibrium. The number of causal SNP variants was refined using an independent validation panel and consideration of the estimated functional importance of each nucleotide polymorphism. Interestingly, four natural polymorphisms causing amino acid changes in the gene TraesCS2B01G513100 that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) were significantly involved in YR responses. Gene expression and mutation analysis confirmed that STPK played an important role in YR resistance. PCR markers were developed to identify the favourable TraesCS2B01G513100 haplotype for marker‐assisted breeding. These results demonstrate that high‐resolution SNP‐based GWAS enables the rapid identification of putative resistance genes and can be used to improve the efficiency of marker‐assisted selection in wheat disease resistance breeding.
Caging overrides effects of density in laboratory‐based physiological estimates of reproductivity in Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

This contribution examines the potential for error when the results from laboratory‐based experiments are extrapolated to inform field ecological analyses. The effects on the reproductivity of different population densities of Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) were studied using caged populations of immature (pre‐reproductive) and mature (reproductive) adults. Three densities of weevils equivalent to 125/m2 (low), 375/m2 (medium) and 1125/m2 (high) from field‐collected pre‐ and reproductive populations were confined in plastic containers for either 11 or 21 days with ad libitum food and oviposition‐site resources. The impact of the medium and high densities on weevil reproductive physiology was assessed by dissection at 11 and 21 days. Data were collected on sexual maturity, wing muscle development, and the presence of eggs and β‐carotene crystals. Only very weak treatment effect responses were observed. A significantly higher percentage of immature females showed oöcyte resorption at high densities at 11 days, but by 21 days this had disappeared. Males had significantly less developed testes at high densities at 11 days, but again by 21 days this effect was not significant. Mature females had significantly larger wing muscles at high density after 11 days of caging; however, by 21 days this effect had gone. For both immature and mature females, there was no effect of density on the relationship between eggs per female and wing muscle index. The low density treatment was not included in this analysis due to low weevil numbers surviving at the end of the experiment. It is concluded that caging itself had a far greater effect on the physiology of the weevils than any imposed population density treatments, which is contrary to the findings of field population‐dynamics analyses. Care should be taken in extrapolating laboratory trials involving this genus, and indeed it may occur more widely, to explain field situations.
The Influence of Electronic Health Record Use on Physician Burnout: Cross-Sectional Survey

Background Physician burnout has a direct impact on the delivery of high-quality health care, with health information technology tools such as electronic health records (EHRs) adding to the burden of practice inefficiencies. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the extent of burnout among physicians and learners (residents and fellows); identify significant EHR-related contributors of physician burnout; and explore the differences between physicians and learners with regard to EHR-related factors such as time spent in EHR, documentation styles, proficiency, training, and perceived usefulness. In addition, the study aimed to address gaps in the EHR-related burnout research methodologies by determining physicians’ patterns of EHR use through usage logs. Methods This study used a cross-sectional survey methodology and a review of administrative data for back-end log measures of survey respondents’ EHR use, which was conducted at a large Canadian academic mental health hospital. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to examine the association of EHR-related factors with general physician burnout. The survey was sent out to 474 individuals between May and June 2019, including physicians (n=407), residents (n=53), and fellows (n=14), and we measured physician burnout and perceptions of EHR stressors (along with demographic and practice characteristics). Results Our survey included 208 respondents, including physicians (n=176) and learners (n=32). The response rate was 43.2% for physicians (full-time: 156/208, 75.0%; part-time: 20/199, 10.1%), and 48% (32/67) for learners. A total of 25.6% (45/176) of practicing physicians and 19% (6/32) of learners reported having one or more symptoms of burnout, and 74.5% (155/208) of all respondents who reported burnout symptoms identified the EHR as a contributor. Lower satisfaction and higher frustration with the EHRs were significantly associated with perceptions of EHR contributing toward burnout. Physicians’ and learners’ experiences with the EHR, gathered through open-ended survey responses, identified challenges around the intuitiveness and usability of the technology as well as workflow issues. Metrics gathered from back-end usage logs demonstrated a 13.6-min overestimation in time spent on EHRs per patient and a 5.63-hour overestimation of after-hours EHR time, when compared with self-reported survey data. Conclusions This study suggests that the use of EHRs is a perceived contributor to physician burnout. There should be a focus on combating physician burnout by reducing the unnecessary administrative burdens of EHRs through efficient implementation of systems and effective postimplementation strategies.