Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive scalar curvature and product formulas for secondary index invariants

We introduce partial secondary invariants associated to complete Riemannian metrics which have uniformly positive scalar curvature (upsc) outside a prescribed subset on a spin manifold. These can be used to distinguish such Riemannian metrics up to concordance relative to the prescribed subset. We exhibit a general external product formula for partial secondary invariants, from which we deduce product formulas for the higher ρ ‐invariant of a metric with upsc as well as for the higher relative index of two metrics with upsc.
Transverse Spin and Classical Gluon Fields: Combining Two Perspectives on Hadronic Structure

In recent decades, the spin and transverse momentum of quarks and gluons were found to play integral roles in the structure of the nucleon. Simultaneously, the onset of gluon saturation in hadrons and nuclei at high energies was predicted to result in a new state of matter dominated by classical gluon fields. Understanding both of these contributions to hadronic structure is essential for current and future collider phenomenology. In this Dissertation, we study the combined effects of transverse spin and gluon saturation using the Glauber-Gribov-Mueller / McLerran-Venugopalan model of a heavy nucleus in the quasi-classical approximation. We investigate the use of a transversely-polarized projectile as a probe of the saturated gluon fields in the nucleus, finding that the transverse spin asymmetry of produced particles couples to the component of the gluon fields which is antisymmetric under both time reversal and charge conjugation. We also analyze the effects of saturation on the transverse spin asymmetry (Sivers function) of quarks within the wave function of the nucleus, finding that gluon saturation preferentially generates the asymmetry through the orbital angular momentum of the nucleons, together with nuclear shadowing.
The effects of acute aerobic exercise on motor cortex activation The effects of acute aerobic exercise on motor cortex activation and piano performance and piano performance

Previous research has shown that an acute (single) bout of aerobic exercise performed immediately before a fine motor task can improve the performance of that particular task as well as alter motor cortex (M1) activation. However, the intensity of exercise may influence the extent of motor skill acquisition and M1 activation. The primary aim of the current investigation was to compare the impact of moderate-intensity training (MIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on whole-body motor skill acquisition via a piano task. We also aimed to determine if M1 activation was a potential mechanism for any changes in piano performance. Nine participants (F = 7, M = 2) completed a control, MIT, and HIIT trial followed by a whole-body piano task in a randomized order. M1 activation (as measured by the difference in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin (Hbdiff)) was measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the post-exercise piano task. The results show that piano performance scores were significantly higher following MIT, but not HIIT, compared to control. M1 activation was significantly higher following HIIT, but not MIT, compared to control. These results suggest that MIT may be the optimal intensity of exercise to prime the nervous system for enhanced performance of a whole-body motor skill, while higher-intensity exercise may be most optimal to increase M1 activation. These findings suggest that similar exercise protocols may also be effective in improving the performance of other activities of daily living (e.g., woodworking, painting, showering, and shooting a basketball). This study also highlights the need to explore the longer-lasting effects and mechanisms associated with whole-body motor priming. oxygenation acute exercise the to oxygenation as a potential mechanism for any in motor skill performance.
Relaxation Constants of a Uniform Hard‐Sphere Gas

A uniform hard‐sphere gas with a small departure from a Maxwellian velocity distribution is considered, and the approach towards equilibrium investigated. Methods adapted from the theory of neutron thermalization are used to show that an infinite sequence of discrete relaxation constants λn exists, corresponding to exponentially decaying modes. The sequence begins with the degenerate eigenvalue λ0 = 0, and converges towards the lower bound of the continuous spectrum set by the minimum value of the scattering rate, Vmin = V(0).
Thermal Tolerance in the Millipede Euryurus leachii Gray (Polydesmida: Euryuridae)

Abstract Temperature extremes often limit animal distributions. Whereas some poikilotherms (e.g., winged insects) can escape local thermal extremes, many less vagile organisms (e.g., insect larvae and arthropods with limited dispersal ability) are at the mercy of local microenvironmental conditions. Here, we quantified the thermal tolerance of an abundant, endemic, Nearctic millipede (Euryurus leachii), and explored the effects of seasonality, mass, and sex on its critical thermal maxima (CTmax). We also measured the thermal microenvironments of dead wood representing different decay classes. Overall, the mean CTmax for this species was ca. 40.5°C. Mass and sex had no effect on millipede CTmax. However, the mean CTmax for millipedes collected in the fall was 0.6°C higher than for individuals collected in the spring. An exposed dry log representing one common microhabitat for E. leachii readily warmed to temperatures exceeding its CTmax.The results suggest that CTmax is a seasonally plastic trait in E. leachii and that microclimatic conditions potentially limit the local distribution of this species. With habitat fragmentation and climate change contributing to warmer temperatures in forested systems, understanding the responses of detritivores like E. leachii can help predict potential shifts in community composition and ecosystem processes.
Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves

Objective To clarify in patients with covid-19 the recovery rate of smell and taste, proportion with persistent dysfunction of smell and taste, and prognostic factors associated with recovery of smell and taste. taste. Descriptive prognosis studies with time-to-event curves and prognostic association studies of any prognostic factor were included. evaluated study bias using QUIPS, and appraised using following and MOOSE reporting guidelines.
Populations of rotating stars

Context. B-type stars are known to rotate at various velocities, including very fast rotators near the critical velocity as the Be stars. Aims. In this paper, we provide stellar models covering the mass range between 1:7 to 15 M , which includes the typical mass of known Be stars, at Z = 0:014, 0:006, and 0:002 and for an extended range of initial velocities on the zero-age main sequence. Methods. We used the Geneva stellar-evolution code, including the e ects of shellular rotation, with a numerical treatment that has been improved so the code can precisely track the variation in the angular momentum content of the star as it changes under the influence of radiative winds and/or mechanical mass loss. Results. We discuss the impact of the initial rotation rate on the tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the main-sequence (MS) lifetimes, the evolution of the surface rotation and abundances, as well as on the ejected masses of various isotopes. Among the new results obtained from the present grid we find that 1) fast-rotating stars with initial masses around 1:7 M present at the beginning of the core hydrogen-burning phase quite small convective cores with respect to their slowly rotating counterparts. This fact may be interesting to keep in mind in the framework of the asteroseismic studies of such stars. 2) The contrast between the core and surface angular velocity is higher in slower rotating stars. The values presently obtained are in agreement with the very few values obtained for B-type stars from asteroseismology. 3) At Z = 0:002, the stars in the mass range of 1:7 to 3 M with a mean velocity on the MS of the order of 150 km s 1 show N/H enhancement superior to 0:2 dex at mid-MS, and superior to 0:4 dex at the end of the MS phase. At solar metallicity the corresponding values are below 0:2 dex at any time in the MS. Conclusions. An extended database of stellar models containing 270 evolutionary tracks is provided to the community.
Thermal phase curves of nontransiting terrestrial exoplanets - II. Characterizing airless planets

Context. The photometric signal we receive from a star hosting a planet is modulated by the variation in the planet signal with its orbital phase. Such phase variations (or phase curves) are observed for transiting hot Jupiters with current instrumentation and have also been measured for one transiting terrestrial planet (Kepler10b) and one nontransiting gas giant (Ups A b). Future telescopes (JWST and EChO) will have the capability of measuring thermal phase curves of exoplanets, including hot rocky planets in transiting and nontransiting configurations and at different wavelengths. Short-period planets with a mass below 10 R⊕ are indeed frequent, and nearby targets (within 10 pc) are already known and more are to be found. Aims: We test the possibility of using multiwavelength infrared phase curves to constrain the radius, the albedo, and the orbital inclination of a nontransiting planet with no atmosphere and on a 1:1 spin orbit resonance. Methods: We modeled the thermal emission of a synchronous rocky planet with no atmosphere and its apparent variation with the orbital phase for a given orbital inclination. We assume that the planet is detected by radial velocity so its orbital period and minimum mass are known. We simulated observed noisy phase curves and then applied an optimization procedure to retrieve the radius and albedo of the planet and the inclination of the orbit. Results: Airless planets can be distinguished from planets having a dense atmosphere and their radius, albedo, and inclination (and therefore true mass) can be retrieved from multiband observations with MIRI-JWST and EChO in the 5-15 μm range. The accuracy depends on stellar type, orbital distance, radius of the planet and inclination: hot and large planets on highly inclined orbit are favored. As inclination above 60° represents half of the randomly oriented orbits, the growing population of short-period, terrestrial-sized planets detected by radial velocity surveys and transits should offer several nearby promising targets for this method, including planets GJ581 e, b, and HD 40307 b. Conclusions: Stellar activity is likely to limit the accuracy of this method, at least for some stars. It has not been taken into account in this study, and its effects will have to be addressed in future works.
Multi-CoPED: A Multilingual Multi-Task Approach for Coding Political Event Data on Conflict and Mediation Domain

Political and social scientists monitor, analyze and predict political unrest and violence, preventing (or mitigating) harm, and promoting the management of global conflict. They do so using event coder systems, which extract structured representations from news articles to design forecast models and event-driven continuous monitoring systems. Existing methods rely on expensive manual annotated dictionaries and do not support multilingual settings. To advance the global conflict management, we propose a novel model, Multi-CoPED (Multilingual Multi-Task Learning BERT for Coding Political Event Data), by exploiting multi-task learning and state-of-the-art language models for coding multilingual political events. This eliminates the need for expensive dictionaries by leveraging BERT models' contextual knowledge through transfer learning. The multilingual experiments demonstrate the superiority of Multi-CoPED over existing event coders, improving the absolute macro-averaged F1-scores by 23.3% and 30.7% for coding events in English and Spanish corpus, respectively. We believe that such expressive performance improvements can help to reduce harms to people at risk of violence.
How Does Predictive Information Affect Human Ethical Preferences?

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly involved in decision making in high-stakes domains, including loan applications, employment screening, and assistive clinical decision making. Meanwhile, involving AI in these high-stake decisions has created ethical concerns on how to balance different trade-offs to respect human values. One approach for aligning AIs with human values is to elicit human ethical preferences and incorporate this information in the design of computer systems. In this work, we explore how human ethical preferences are impacted by the information shown to humans during elicitation. In particular, we aim to provide a contrast between verifiable information (e.g., patient demographics or blood test results) and predictive information (e.g., the probability of organ transplant success). Using kidney transplant allocation as a case study, we conduct a randomized experiment to elicit human ethical preferences on scarce resource allocation to understand how human ethical preferences are impacted by the verifiable and predictive information. We find that the presence of predictive information significantly changes how humans take into account other verifiable information in their ethical preferences. We also find that the source of the predictive information (e.g., whether the predictions are made by AI or human doctors) plays a key role in how humans incorporate the predictive information into their own ethical judgements.
Contrastive Counterfactual Fairness in Algorithmic Decision-Making

The widespread use of artificial intelligence algorithms and their role in decision-making with consequential decisions for human subjects has resulted in a growing interest in designing AI algorithms accounting for fairness considerations. There have been attempts to account for fairness of AI algorithms without compromising their accuracy to improve poorly designed algorithms that disregard sensitive attributes (e.g., age, race, and gender) at the peril of introducing or increasing bias against specific groups. Although many studies have examined the optimal trade-off between fairness and accuracy, it remains a challenge to understand the sources of unfairness in decision-making and mitigate it effectively. To tackle this problem, researchers have proposed fair causal learning approaches which assist us in modeling cause and effect knowledge structures, discovering bias sources, and refining AI algorithms to make them more transparent and explainable. In this study, we formalize probabilistic interpretations of both contrastive and counterfactual causality as essential features in order to encourage users' trust and to expand the applicability of such automated systems. We use this formalism to define a novel fairness criterion that we call contrastive counterfactual fairness. This paper introduces, to the best of our knowledge, the first probabilistic fairness-aware data augmentation approach that is based on contrastive counterfactual causality. We tested our approach on two well-known fairness-related datasets, UCI Adult and German Credit, and concluded that our proposed method has a promising ability to capture and mitigate unfairness in AI deployment. This model-agnostic approach can be used with any AI model because it is applied in pre-processing.
Switching from telephone to web‐first mixed‐mode data collection: Results from the Transition into Adulthood Supplement to the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics

We conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects on fieldwork outcomes and interview mode of switching to a web‐first mixed‐mode data collection design (self‐administered web interview and interviewer‐administered telephone interview) from a telephone‐only design. We examine whether the mixed‐mode option leads to better survey outcomes, based on response rates, fieldwork outcomes, interview quality and costs. We also examine respondent characteristics associated with completing a web interview rather than a telephone interview. Our mode experiment study was conducted in the 2019 wave of the Transition into Adulthood Supplement (TAS) to the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). TAS collects information biennially from approximately 3,000 young adults in PSID families. The shift to a mixed‐mode design for TAS was aimed at reducing costs and increasing respondent cooperation. We found that for mixed‐mode cases compared to telephone only cases, response rates were higher, interviews were completed faster and with lower effort, the quality of the interview data appeared better, and fieldwork costs were lower. A clear set of respondent characteristics reflecting demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, technology availability and use, time use, and psychological health were associated with completing a web interview rather than a telephone interview.
Direct Observation and Analysis of Spin Dependent Transport of Single Atoms in a 1D Optical Lattice

We have directly observed spin-dependent transport of single cesium atoms in a 1D optical lattice. A superposition of two circularly polarized standing waves is generated from two counter propagating, linearly polarized laser beams. Rotation of one of the polarizations by $\pi$ causes displacement of the $\sigma^{+}$- and $\sigma^{-}$-lattices by one lattice site. Unidirectional transport over several lattice sites is achieved by rotating the polarization back and forth and flipping the spin after each transport step. We have analyzed the transport efficiency over 10 and more lattice sites, and discussed and quantified relevant error sources.
Data Parallel Path Tracing with Object Hierarchies

We propose a new approach to rendering production-style content with full path tracing in a data-distributed fashion---that is, with multiple collaborating nodes and/or GPUs that each store only part of the model. In particular, we propose a new approach to ray-forwarding based data-parallel ray tracing that improves over traditional spatial partitioning, that can support both object-hierarchy and spatial partitioning (or any combination thereof), and that employs multiple techniques for reducing the number of rays sent across the network. We show that this approach can simultaneously achieve higher flexibility in model partitioning, lower memory per node, lower bandwidth during rendering, and higher performance; and that it can ultimately achieve interactive rendering performance for non-trivial models with full path tracing even on quite moderate hardware resources with relatively low-end interconnect.
Molecular Dynamics Investigations Suggest a Non-specific Recognition Strategy of 14-3-3σ Protein by Tweezer: Implication for the Inhibition Mechanism

The supramolecular complex formed between protein and designed molecule has become one of the most efficient ways to modify protein functions. As one of the more well-studied model systems, 14-3-3 family proteins play an important role in regulating intracellular signaling pathways via protein-protein interactions. In this work, we selected 14-3-3σ as the target protein. Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations were applied to identify the possible binding sites and understand its recognition ability of the supramolecular inhibitor, the tweezer molecule (CLR01). On the basis of our simulation, major interactions between lysine residues and CLR01 come from the van der Waals interactions between the long alkyl chain of lysine and the cavity formed by the norbornadiene and benzene rings of the inhibitor. Apart from K214, which was found to be crystallized with this inhibitor, other lysine sites have also shown their abilities to form inclusion complexes with the inhibitor. Such non-specific recognition features of CLR01 against 14-3-3σ can be used in the modification of protein functions via supramolecular chemistry.
European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) 2022 Guidance Paper for Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Heart Disease

Carcinoid Heart Disease Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital & University College London, London, UK Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Erasmus MC and Erasmus Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Digestive Disease Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, ENETS Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital, and Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Department of Cardiac Surgery, "Louis Pradel" Cardiologic Hospital, Lyon, France Department of Clinical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil Centre for Gastroenterology, Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
Human Autonomy in Algorithmic Management

Algorithmic management tools support or replace managerial decision making in areas such as task allocation, shift planning, or team formation. These tools can have a significant impact on the lives of workers. In this paper, we contribute to the emerging literature on the ethics of algorithmic management by developing a conceptual framework for autonomy at work. Further, we use this framework to discuss risks and opportunities for autonomy in the context of work decision algorithms in Industry 4.0.
On the Prediction of the Characteristic Times of River Meander Cutoff Sequence: Theoretical Model and Comparison With Laboratory and Field Observations

River meander dynamics inevitably interferes with a number of human activities and productive processes. Therefore, investigating the involved physical processes and modeling their space‐time evolution represent a crucial requirement in terms of sustainable river management and restoration planning. In the present study, a deterministic integral‐differential equation that governs river‐bend growth and death in the absence of natural or anthropic forcing is for the first time derived and solved by resorting to cardinal fluid‐mechanical equations such as Navier‐Stokes’ in the Lamb‐Oseen version. The related 1‐D model, which accounts for morphology and sedimentology via the meander migration rate and its radius of curvature, proves to be able to grasp the periodic nature of the phenomenon. Additionally, it exhibits an overall very good agreement with field pre‐cutoff and post‐cutoff observations, as well as with the outcome of an ad hoc‐designed laboratory experiment that simulated near‐cutoff conditions. Hence, it may represent a fast and easy tool to monitor river bend hydro‐geomorphological evolution, particularly when the signs of the incipient instability suggest quantifying the time left to its routine exploitation and to timely plan, where needed, suitable management and restoration interventions.
The nonlinear transformation of Gaussian measure on Banach space and its absolute continuity (II)

報告番号: 乙05942 ; 学位授与年月日: 1982-02-08 ; 学位の種別: 論文博士 ; 学位の種類: 理学博士 ; 学位記番号: 第5942号 ; 研究科・専攻: 理学系研究科